gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review of Non-Isolated High Step-Up DC/DC Converters in Renewable Energy Applications (2009)

With the shortage of the energy and ever increasing of the oil price, research on the renewable and green energy sources, especially the solar arrays and the fuel cells, becomes more and more important. How to achieve high step-up and high efficiency DC/DC converters is the major consideration in the renewable grid-connected power applications due to the low voltage of PV arrays and fuel cells. The topology study with high step-up conversion is concentrated and most topologies recently proposed in these applications are covered and classified. The advantages and disadvantages of these converters are discussed and the major challenges of high step-up converters in renewable energy applications are summarized. This paper would like to make a clear picture on the general law and framework for the next generation non-isolated high step-up DC/DC converters.
Effect of ciprofibrate on fibrinogen synthesis in vitro on hepatoma cells and in vivo in genetically obese Zucker rats (1999)

In this study, we have shown that oncostatin M and interleukin-6 induce a dose- and time-dependent increase in fibrinogen levels in the conditioned medium of human hepatoma cells (HepG2). When HepG2 cells were treated simultaneously with oncostatin M or interleukin-6 and ciprofibrate (100 nmol/l), the production of fibrinogen in the conditioned media was strongly affected and a significant decrease in the mRNA levels of the fibrinogen beta chain was observed. Oncostatin-M- and interleukin-6-induced fibrinogen release was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by ciprofibrate and, to lesser extent, by bezafibrate, fenofibric acid and clofibric acid. In vivo, increased plasma and platelet levels of fibrinogen were observed in genetically obese Zucker rats (fa/fa) compared with Zucker lean (fa/-) rats. In these rats, a 14-day oral treatment with ciprofibrate (10 mg/kg, per. os.) induced a statistically significant decrease (P > 0.05) in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride but also in plasma and platelet levels of fibrinogen. In order to determine the consequences of such an effect on fibrinogen, the ability of ciprofibrate to affect venous stasis was determined in a stasis-induced venous thrombosis model in Zucker rats. Under low thrombogenic challenge, ciprofibrate significantly inhibited thrombus formation (67+/-12%, P > 0.05), demonstrating for the first time that a potent hypolipemic compound exhibits an antithrombotic effect.
The Key Technical Research on V2G System (2013)

Basing on the analysis, the functions of the V2G system, such as peak shaving, frequency adjusting, UPS and disturbance stabilizing, are discussed in this paper. And the key technologies of V2G are put forward according to the ongoing research and demonstration. The main research route and methods are established, which includes the nonlinear multivariable decoupling method of power battery pack, the integrated process control method of EV energy and driving system, the statistical characteristics of EV large-scale demonstration and the control theory and method.
Low‐Temperature Carbide‐Mediated Growth of Bicontinuous Nitrogen‐Doped Mesoporous Graphene as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst (2018)

Nitrogen-doped graphene exhibits high electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is essential for many renewable energy technologies. To maximize the catalytic efficiency, it is desirable to have both a high concentration of robust nitrogen dopants and a large accessible surface of the graphene electrodes for rapid access of oxygen to the active sites. Here, 3D bicontinuous nitrogen-doped mesoporous graphene synthesized by a low-temperature carbide-mediated graphene-growth method is reported. The mesoporous graphene has a mesoscale pore size of ≈25 nm and large specific surface area of 1015 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> , which can effectively host and stabilize a high concentration of nitrogen dopants. Accordingly, it shows an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the ORR with an efficient four-electron-dominated pathway and high durability in alkaline media. The synthesis route developed herein provides a new economic approach to synthesize bicontinuous porous graphene materials with tunable characteristic length, porosity, and chemical doping as high efficiency electrocatalysts for a wide range of electrochemical reactions.
Variceal Bleeding and Portal Hypertension: Much to Learn, Much to Explore (2002)

The newer diagnostic and therapeutic options continue to evolve and important developments have been made in the field of variceal bleeding and portal hypertension. A meeting was held at Baveno to update consensus on different terminologies in relation to portal hypertension. beta-blockers continue to be the mainstay for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding, and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is fast emerging as a strong contender. The role of vasoactive drugs in the management of variceal bleeding was assessed. Octreotide and terlipressin were shown to be as effective as sclerotherapy in achieving initial hemostasis, and octreotide was shown to be safe and efficacious in the prevention of rebleeding. EVL was superior to endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) for obliteration of esophageal varices. Sequential and simultaneous ligation and sclerotherapy were more effective than ligation alone, in reducing the recurrence rate after variceal obliteration. For gastric varices, cyanoacrylate glue continues to be the first line of treatment, and band ligation is being assessed further. Bleeding ectopic varices were dealt by appropriate endoscopic means. Endosonography has developed strongly in the assessment of variceal eradication and prediction of variceal recurrence. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS) significantly reduces rebleeding rates compared to EVL.
Inhibition of EGF Receptor Blocks the Development and Progression of Peritoneal Fibrosis (2015)

Inhibitors of EGF receptor (EGFR) have antifibrotic effects in several organs, but the effect of these inhibitors on the development of peritoneal fibrosis is unknown. Here, we explored the therapeutic effect of gefitinib, a specific inhibitor of EGFR, on the development and progression of peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model. Daily intraperitoneal injections of chlorhexidine gluconate induced peritoneal fibrosis, indicated by thickening of the submesothelial area with an accumulation of collagen fibrils and activation of myofibroblasts, accompanied by time-dependent phosphorylation of EGFR. Administration of gefitinib immediately after injury prevented the onset of peritoneal fibrosis and delayed administration after the onset of peritoneal fibrosis halted fibrosis progression. Gefitinib treatment abrogated the increased phosphorylation of EGFR, Smad3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and NF-κB during peritoneal fibrosis; it also inhibited the accompanying overproduction of TGF-β1 and proinflammatory cytokines and the infiltration of macrophages to the injured peritoneum. Moreover, gefitinib significantly reduced the peritoneal increase of CD31-positive blood vessels and vascular EGF-positive cells after injury. Finally, gefitinib also attenuated high glucose-induced peritoneal fibrosis in rats and abrogated TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad3 and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells. These results demonstrate that EGFR contributes to peritoneal fibrosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis, suggesting that EGFR inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in attenuating peritoneal fibrosis.
Olfactory Receptor Database: a metadata-driven automated population from sources of gene and protein sequences (2002)

The Olfactory Receptor Database (ORDB; http://senselab.med.yale.edu/senselab/ordb) is a central repository of olfactory receptor (OR) and olfactory receptor-like gene and protein sequences. To deal with the very large OR gene family, we have constructed an algorithm that automatically downloads sequences from web sources such as GenBank and SWISS-PROT into the database. The algorithm uses hypertext markup language (HTML) parsing techniques that extract information relevant to ORDB. The information is then correlated with the metadata in the ORDB knowledge base to encode the unstructured text extracted into the structured format compliant with the database architecture, entity attribute value with classes and relationship (EAV/CR), which supports the SenseLab project as a whole. Three population methods: batch, automatic and semi-automatic population are discussed. The data is imported into the database using extensible markup language (XML).
Hardware acceleration in the IBM PowerEN processor (2012)

Computation at the edge of a datacenter has unique characteristics; it deals with streaming data from multiple sources, often requiring repeated application of several standard algorithmic kernels. The demand for high data rates and power efficiency points toward hardware acceleration of key functions. These accelerators must be tightly integrated with general purpose computation to keep invocation overhead and latency low. The accelerators must be easy for software to use, and the system must be flexible enough to support evolving networking standards.
A Study To Assess The Knowledge On Post-Operative Self-Care Activities Among Patients Who Have Undergone Cataract Surgery At A Selected Hospital, Malaysia. (2015)

Introduction: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness (WHO, 2011). It will give an impact on physical and emotional status of an individual with cataract. World Health Organization also has the mission towards eliminating blindness by year 2020. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge of post-operative self-care activities among patients who have undergone cataract surgery in a selected hospital, Malaysia. The theoretical framework used is Dorothea Orem’s self-care model. Methodology: A cross sectional design was used in this study. Non-probability convenient sampling method was used to choose 90 subjects. Data was collected by face-to face interview using Cataract Postoperative Self-care Knowledge Questionnaire. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics with (SPSS) 16.0 version 2007 and data were presented in tables and pie charts. Results: The results showed that most of the subjects did not restrict their diet after the cataract surgery and knew that infection or injury might occur after surgery. There were 43% of the subjects, who have chosen the correct technique of cleaning the eye before instilling the eye drops or ointment. Most of the subjects knew the importance of hand hygiene before instillation of eye drops. All subjects knew the importance of regular follow up after surgery. Conclusion: There is a need for re-inforcement to the patients through education to improve the knowledge on post-operative self-care following cataract surgery. Nurses need to be supportive and educative in caring for these patients. Key words: Knowledge, cataract, self-care
Total Quality with Rapid Through-put of Powdered Metal and Cast Parts for Whole Part Flaw Detection via Resonant Acoustic Method of Inspection (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Rapid conversion of machined parts to powdered metal and cast is driving industries, especially automotive. Due the high expectations of both primary manufacturers and end consumers, defects cannot be tolerated even in million piece quantities. There is, in effect, a growing requirement for zero defect supply chain commitments. To achieve zero defect output, manufacturers are making the commitment to move to online NDT. This type of online inspection requires accuracy, reliability, and high throughput. Resonant Acoustic Method NDT (RAM NDT) provides a proven technique exhibiting these pivotal performance requirements and automates economically. RAM NDT tests, reports and screens for most common part flaws in a manner similar to the way NASA tests flight hardware and automotive manufacturers validate their new car designs. Utilizing structural dynamics and statistical variation, RAM NDT provides mature, laboratory proven technology in a robust, economical, process-friendly manner.</div>
Small colon polyps. (1988)

One thousand forty-eight small (up to 6 mm) colorectal polyps, removed during colonoscopy, have been analyzed. Sixty-one percent of these small polyps were neoplastic, the remainder being equally divided between hyperplastic polyps and polypoid mucosa with normal-appearing glands. The number of polyps was evenly distributed throughout the colon. Proximally, neoplastic polyps predominated, accounting for 73% of all polyps in the right colon. This was reversed in the distal colon where non-neoplastic polyps comprised 65% of all polyps in the rectum. The incidence of carcinoma was extremely low in small colon polyps, 0.1%. All polyps should be removed when encountered during colonoscopy due to the high prevalence of adenomas among small colon polyps.
An interactive multiobjective programming approach to tour route planning problems (2013)

This article considers tour route planning problems to find an optimal tour route in sightseeing. Tour routes are optimized in terms of two types of criteria. The first optimization criterion is to maximize the sum of values of places a tourist visits, namely, the sum of the values of sightseeing spots, restaurants and hotels. The second optimization criterion is to minimize the tiredness caused by moving from place to place, which is dependent on means of transportation. This paper provides a problem formulation of a tour route planning problem as a multiobjective mixed 0-1 programming problem in which the number of constraints is a polynomial order of the number of places possible to visit or stay. An interactive algorithm is provided in order to find a satisficing solution reflecting tourist's preferences.
Techniques for Associative Retrieval (2001)

Abstract : This report is a comparison and documentation of techniques of associative retrieval. Techniques presented include conventional database, artificial neural networks, feature-based digital image associative search, holographic associative memory, and content-addressable processors.
The plasma membrane of human placenta. Isolation of microvillus membrane and characterization of protein and glycoprotein subunits. (1976)

A microvillus plasma membrane-enriched fraction of human placenta was obtained by a combination of differential, isopycnic, and rate-zonal centrifugation techniques. Assays for enzyme markers from mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane indicated a relative enrichment of plasma membrane between 10- and 20-fold over the most prominent contaminating enzyme markers. Electron microscopy verified the microvillus ultrastructure of the isolated placental membrane and the lack of significant contamination by identifiable organelles. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the microvillus membrane fraction revealed a protein and glycoprotein subunit composition. There were 16 major protein subunits and 10 major glycoprotein subunits, and apparent molecular weights are assigned to these subunits. 32P-labeling of the microvillus membrane-associated alkaline phosphatase indicated that this enzyme is one of the major glycoproteins of the human placental microvillus membrane.
Natural Exponential Families with Quadratic Variance Functions (1982)

The normal, Poisson, gamma, binomial, and negative binomial distributions are univariate natural exponential families with quadratic variance functions (the variance is at most a quadratic function of the mean). Only one other such family exists. Much theory is unified for these six natural exponential families by appeal to their quadratic variance property, including infinite divisibility, cumulants, orthogonal polynomials, large deviations, and limits in distribution.
A Novel ERK-dependent Signaling Process That Regulates Interleukin-2 Expression in a Late Phase of T Cell Activation (2003)

Engagement of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) rapidly induces multiple signal transduction pathways, including ERK activation. Here, we report a critical role for ERK at a late stage of T cell activation. Inhibition of the ERK pathway 2-6 h after the start of TCR stimulation significantly impaired interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, whereas the same treatment during the first 2 h had no effect. ERK inhibition significantly impaired nuclear translocation of c-Rel with a minimum reduction of NF-AT activity. Requirement for sustained ERK activation was also confirmed using primary T cells. To induce sustained activation of ERK, T cells required continuous engagement of TCR. Stimulation of T cells with soluble anti-TCR antibody resulted in activation of ERK lasting for 60 min, but failed to induce IL-2 production. In contrast, plate-bound anti-TCR antibody activated ERK over 4 h and induced IL-2. Furthermore, T cells treated with soluble anti-TCR antibody produced IL-2 when phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which activates ERK, was present in the culture medium 2-6 h after the start of stimulation. Together, the data demonstrate the presence of a novel activation process following TCR stimulation that requires ERK-dependent regulation of c-Rel, a member of the NF-kappaB family.
An Efficient Synthesis of Selectively Functionalized Spermidine (1994)

A method is described for the synthesis of selectively protected Boc, Fmoc or Z-spermidine derivatives. The starting spermidine, N8-benzyloxycarbonyl-N 1-tert-butoxycarbonylspermidine is prepared using a reductive amination.
Fluorescent in situ hybridization of mitochondrial DNA and RNA. (2010)

To reveal nucleic acid localization in mitochondria, we designed molecular beacon fluorescent probes against: i) the light strand complementary to ND5 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene (annealing also to corresponding mRNA); ii) displacement (D) loop 7S DNA (annealing also to parallel heavy strand mtDNA and corresponding light strand transcript); iii) the proximal D-loop heavy strand displaced by the light strand promoter minor RNA. Confocal microscopy demonstrated ND5 probe spreading (less for other probes) in mitochondrial reticulum tubules but upon RNase A treatment all probes contoured mtDNA nucleoid localization. DNase I spread the signal over mitochondrial tubules. Future applications are discussed.
Heat-Sinking Techniques for Power Transistors in a Space Environment (1963)

An investigation was made of the cooling of power transistors in a space environment, where the only available mode of heat transfer is that of conduction to a heat sink and radiation from the heat sink to space. An attempt was made to minimize the thermal resistance between transistor case and heat sink, allowing the transistor to dissipate as much power as possible while maintaining its temperature within the maximum tolerable level to prevent thermal runaway. Further, it was necessary to electrically insulate the transistor from the heat sink. The use of beryllium oxide washers provided electrical insulation, while adding very little to the thermal resistance between case and sink, the BeO being a good heat conductor. However, the problem of contact thermal resistance at each interface arose, especially in vacuum this contact resistance providing practically al the thermal resistance between case and sink. The effect on the contact resistance of surface pressure, insertion of foils, and soldering was examined. It was concluded that, for most efficient heat sinking, indium foil should be inserted at each interface, the indium foil having the effect of reducing the contact resistance in vacuum by a factor of 8.
Generating single-domain antibodies against fibronectin splice variants (2017)

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2017.
Immunocytochemical detection of kappa and lambda light chain V region subgroups in human B-cell malignancies. (1990)

We have used a sensitive immunoperoxidase method and highly specific anti-light chain antisera to determine the light chain variable region (VL) subgroup nature of cytoplasmic (c) and cell surface (s) Ig expressed by human monoclonal plasma cells and B lymphocytes. The immunocytochemical characterization of cIg and sIg used antisera specific for the established kappa light chain V kappa subgroups (V kappa I, V kappa II, V kappa III, and V kappa IV) and the lambda light chain V lambda subgroups (V lambda I, V lambda II/V, V lambda IV, and V lambda VI). Studies were performed using cytospin preparations of bone marrow-, peripheral blood-, and lymph node-derived cells from patients with multiple myeloma, amyloidosis AL, and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and with low-, mid-, and high-grade B-cell malignancies. The V kappa or V lambda subgroup of the cIg or sIg also could be identified after deparaffinization and enzyme treatment of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. For those patients who had monoclonal serum or urinary Igs, there was complete concordance between the VL subgroup of the secreted Ig and that of the cIg or sIg. The percentage distribution of V kappa or V lambda subgroups on the sIg of cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other cytomorphologic types of B-cell malignancies differed from that found for kappa- or lambda-type Bence Jones proteins obtained from patients with multiple myeloma, amyloidosis AL, and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. In contrast to the plasma cell and lymphocytoid plasma cell diseases, a relative predominance of certain VL subgroups, ie, V kappa IV, V lambda III, and V lambda IV, and the absence of the amyloid-associated V lambda VI subgroup were found in CLL and related diseases. The immunocytochemical techniques used make possible a rapid means to demonstrate B-cell monoclonality and provide further evidence for the selective expression of certain VL genes in human B-cell neoplasia.
Ty1‐Mediated Integration of Expression Cassettes: Host Strain Effects, Stability, and Product Synthesis (1996)

The yeast retrotransposon Ty1 has been used to insert multiple copies of heterologous genes into the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Amplification using a GAL1-regulated Ty1 element carrying a 4.6 kilobase pair expression cassette (Escherichia coli lacZ structural gene under the control of the yeast CUP1 promoter, and the bacterial neo gene) was compared with that of a GAL1-regulated Ty1 element carrying only the neo gene. Mobilization of Ty1 was induced from a chromosomal element and a 2 mu-plasmid-based element; similar results were obtained for both locations. The two marked Ty1 cassettes were successfully integrated into the genomes of three different S. cerevisiae strains. Efficiencies were found to vary significantly between strains. The size of the inserted cassette was also important; the efficiency for the CUP1p-lacZ-neo cassette was much lower than that for the neo cassette in the same host. All amplified copies were found to be quite stable with or without expression for at least 50 generation in nonselective medium; moreover, there were no significant effects on the growth of the cells. After integration, beta-galactosidase specific activity from the lacZ construct in the three hosts was found to correlate well with the copy number of the CUP1p-lacZ expression cassette amplified by the Ty1 retrotransposon.