gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon Storage by Mineralisation (CSM): Serpentinite Rock Carbonation via Mg(OH)2 Reaction Intermediate Without CO2 Pre-separation (2013)

CO2 mineral sequestration, a.k.a. mineral carbonation offers an alternative to “conventional” CCS that involves underground storage of pressurised CO2. It is being developed for locations that lack access to underground storage capacity for CO2 and/or have access to suitable mineral resources, or for users that aim at marketable (hydro-) carbonate or otherwise useful solid product. The “Åbo Academi route” of producing Mg(OH)2 from serpentinite rock followed by gas-solid carbonation in a pressurised fluidised bed (PFB) has been further developed and optimized towards industrial demonstration. Recoverable ammonium sulphate salt is used as the fluxing agent for Mg extraction from rock. While Mg(OH)2 production and its scale-up and subsequent carbonation are yet to be demonstrated beyond 78 and 65% efficiency, respectively, the carbonation reaction reaches an equilibrium already after 10-15 minutes. Process energy requirements are ∼ 3 GJ (heat)/t CO2 (similar to the capture stage of “conventional” CCS), while using ∼ 3 t rock/t CO2, with separate streams of unreacted rock, FeOOH and MgCO3 as main products. The scale-up activities involve defining reactor types and conditions for the Mg(OH)2 production and the carbonation, respectively, using flue gas at ∼500 °C, 20 bar CO2 partial pressure. This implies compression of a complete flue gas stream. It was shown that carbonation at a given (wet) CO2 pressure gives results similar to when operating with diluted gas streams at higher pressures, at the same CO2 partial pressure. Also simultaneous carbonation and sulphation of Mg(OH)2 was found to be realizable. The beneficial role of increased yet reasonable levels of water vapour pressure is another research topic. While serpentinite-derived Mg(OH)2 shows good reactivity the production of particle sizes suitable for bubbling PFB reactors is a complicating challenge.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Target Genes (2010)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in the regulation of a variety of processes, ranging from inflammation and immunity to nutrient metabolism and energy homeostasis. PPARα serves as a molecular target for hypolipidemic fibrates drugs which bind the receptor with high affinity. Furthermore, PPARα binds and is activated by numerous fatty acids and fatty acid-derived compounds. PPARα governs biological processes by altering the expression of a large number of target genes. Accordingly, the specific role of PPARα is directly related to the biological function of its target genes. Here, we present an overview of the involvement of PPARα in lipid metabolism and other pathways through a detailed analysis of the different known or putative PPARα target genes. The emphasis is on gene regulation by PPARα in liver although many of the results likely apply to other organs and tissues as well.
Face detection and recognition using hidden Markov models (2002)

The work presented in this paper describes a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based framework for face recognition and face detection. The observation vectors used to characterize the states of the HMM are obtained using the coefficients of the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT). The face recognition method presented reduces significantly the computational complexity of previous HMM-based face recognition systems, while slightly improving the recognition rate. Consistent with the HMM model of the face, this paper introduces a novel HMM-based face detection approach using the same feature extraction techniques used for face recognition.
Polymerization of propylene to syndiotactic polymer. Part. I: Valence of active vanadium in the catalytic systems (1965)

Abstract Homogeneous catalytic systems for the polymerization of propylene both to syndiotactic and amorphous polymers, based on soluble vanadium compounds and organometallic compounds of aluminium, were investigated by EPR analysis at different temperatures. It was shown that the vanadium in the catalytic complex has a valence state of 3.
Echo-MIMO: a Two-Way Channel Training Method for Matched Cooperative Beamforming (2006)

A two-way multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel sounding method for enabling both a transmitter and a receiver to have complete knowledge of the channel between them is presented. The key idea is that a receiver reflects, or "echoes", the received signal back to the transmitter, from which it estimates its own outgoing channel fading coefficients for all transmit/receive pairs of antenna elements. The weighted non-linear least squares problem to jointly estimate the outgoing and incoming channels together is solved for the case of frequency-flat fading. The channel estimates are used to obtain a matched pair of maximum ratio transmission/maximum ratio combining (MRT/MRC) weight vectors for cooperative beamforming. Simulation results are given that show the echo MIMO with MRT/MRC approach can outperform a quantized MRT/MRC codebook method. For fully correlated channels, the echo MIMO MRT/MRC transmission scheme approaches the ideal beamformer which uses perfect channel estimates
Special Articles on Chemistry and Technology for Recycling Inorganic and Organic Materials. Properties of Eggshell as a Raw Material of Cosmetics. (1992)

エッグシェルは3～30μm程度の粉末にしても,その付着タンパク質膜は粒径に応じて短繊維化されるだけで,はく離はされない。エッグシェルの材料特性として測定された起泡量は,粒径75～225μmのものが最大を示した。また,吸油量は粒径および比重の小さいものが最大を示した。いずれも短繊維化されたタソパク質膜の影響によると考えられた。エッグシェルから得られる乳酸カルシウム生成物中には,粒径に応じたタソパク質膜が,それらを繊維問に取り込んだ状態で不溶性のまま分散している。最大の起泡量を示す75～225μmのタンパク質膜は,液層とよくなじみ,スクラブ(摩擦)粒子として優れている。これらの生成物は,タソパク質膜を含まないものに比較して付着水および結晶水が2.5mol倍程度多く,また粒径の小さいものほどその傾向は強い。そのため0保湿性に優れていることが見いだされ,エッグシェルは線維芽の分解によるアミノ酸類を含む良質な化粧用クリーム材料として期待される。
HER2 Overexpression Increases Sensitivity to Gefitinib, an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, through Inhibition of HER2/HER3 Heterodimer Formation in Lung Cancer Cells (2005)

Gefitinib (Iressa), an epidermal growth factor receptor targeting drug, has been clinically useful for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Gefitinib is currently being applied in clinical studies as either a monotherapy, or as part of a combination therapy against prostate, head and neck, gastric, breast, and colorectal tumors. However, success rates vary between different tumor types, and thus it is important to understand which molecular target(s) are responsible for limiting the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. In this study, we ask whether expression of HER2 affects sensitivity to gefitinib in human lung cancer cells. We established two clones, LK2/HER2-32 and LK2/HER2-57, by transfecting HER2 cDNA into LK2, a NSCLC line with a low expression level of HER2. We observed no mutations in exons 18, 19, and 21 of EGFR gene in LK2, LK2/mock- and two HER2-trasfectants when we observed in-frame deletion mutations (E746-A750) adjacent to K745 in a gefitinib-sensitive NSCLC cell line, PC9. These LK2/HER2-32 and LK2/HER2-57 were much more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of gefitinib than the parental LK2 lines. Treatment with 0.5 to 1 micromol/L gefitinib specifically blocked Akt activation in both HER2-transfectant lines, but not in the parental LK2 cells. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 activation, however, was not blocked by gefitinib up to 10 micromol/L in either the parent or transfectant lines. Gefitinib was also shown to induce cell cycle arrest in the G1-S phase, and an accompanying increase of p27Kip1 was observed. LK2/HER2 transfectants showed constitutive formation of HER2/HER3 heterodimer, which were seen to associate with a regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase, p85alpha, when active. Treatment of LK2/HER2 cells with gefitinib markedly decreased the formation of HER2/HER3 heterodimers, HER3 basal phosphorylation, and the association of p85alpha with HER3. This study is the first to show that under basal growth conditions, HER2 sensitizes low-EGFR NSCLC cell lines to growth inhibition by gefitinib.
Efficient, regiospecific synthesis of anthracycline intermediates: total synthesis of daunomycin (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient, regiospecific synthesis of anthracycline intermediates: total synthesis of daunomycinKathlyn A. Parker and James KallmertenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 18, 5881–5886Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00538a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00538a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views475Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Designing self-testable multi-chip modules (1996)

This paper addresses the problem of Multi-Chip Module (MCM) testing, and specifically testing the performance of assembled MCMs. The presented solution is based-on self-test. It augments the conventional single-chip BIST approach, which is needed to produce known-good-dies, to a new multi-chip BIST solution. The multi-chip BIST puts the entire module in a self-test mode. This self-test mode not only provides detection of static and dynamic faults, but also identifies failed elements, i.e. bad dies or substrate. The multi-chip self-test scheme is based on a pseudo-random test approach and uses a multi-signature evaluation technique. The hardware design of multi-chip and single-chip self-test blocks are combined under a common architecture called the Dual BIST Architecture. The paper describes a set of design configurations to create the Dual BIST Architecture, which may directly be controlled via the Boundary-Scan facilities available in most of today's chips. The presented BIST solution provides a reliable static and dynamic test at the module level as well as the bare die level.
Mutant‐Selective Allosteric EGFR Degraders are Effective Against a Broad Range of Drug‐Resistant Mutations (2020)

Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) through an allosteric mechanism provides a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome drug-resistant EGFR mutations that emerge within the ATP binding site. Here, we develop an allosteric EGFR degrader, DDC-01-163, which can selectively inhibit the proliferation of L858R/T790M (L/T) mutant Ba/F3 cells while leaving wildtype EGFR Ba/F3 cells unaffected. DDC-01-163 is also effective against osimertinib-resistant cells with L/T/C797S and L/T/L718Q EGFR mutations. When combined with an ATP-site EGFR inhibitor, osimertinib, the anti-proliferative activity of DDC-01-163 against L858R/T790M EGFR-Ba/F3 cells is enhanced. Collectively, DDC-01-163 is a promising allosteric EGFR degrader with selective activity against various clinically relevant EGFR mutants as a single agent and when combined with an ATP-site inhibitor. Our data suggests that targeted protein degradation is a promising drug development approach for mutant EGFR.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 inhibits TGF‐β2 stimulation of extracellular matrix proteins in optic nerve head cells: Role of gremlin in ECM modulation (2008)

The characteristic cupping of the optic nerve head (ONH) in glaucoma is associated with elevated TGF-beta2 and increased synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. In addition to TGF-beta2, the human ONH also expresses bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and BMP receptors, which are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. We examined the potential effects of BMP4 and the BMP antagonist gremlin on TGF-beta2 induction of ECM proteins in ONH cells. BMP-4 dose dependently inhibited TGF-beta2-induced fibronectin (FN) and PAI-1 expression in ONH astrocytes and lamina cribrosa (LC) cells and also reduced TGF-beta2 stimulation of collagen I, collagen VI, and elastin. Addition of gremlin blocked this BMP-4 response, increasing cellular and secreted FN as well as PAI-1 levels in both cell types. Gremlin was expressed in ONH tissues and ONH cells, and gremlin protein levels were significantly increased in the LC region of human glaucomatous ONH tissues. Interestingly, recombinant gremlin dose dependently increased ECM protein expression in cultured ONH astrocytes and LC cells. Gremlin stimulation of ECM required activation of TGF-beta receptor and R-Smad3. TGF-beta2 increased gremlin mRNA expression and protein levels in ONH cells. Inhibition of either the type I TGF-beta receptor or Smad3 phosphorylation blocked TGF-beta2-induced gremlin expression. In conclusion, BMP4 blocked the TGF-beta2 induction of ECM proteins in ONH cells. The BMP antagonist gremlin reversed this inhibition, allowing TGF-beta2 stimulation of ECM synthesis. Increased expression of gremlin in the glaucomatous ONH may further exacerbate TGF-beta2 effects on ONH ECM metabolism by inhibiting BMP-4 antagonism of TGF-beta2 signaling. Modulation of the ECM via gremlin provides a novel therapeutic target for glaucoma.
Dual-link failure resiliency through backup link mutual exclusion (2005)

One of the strategies to recover from dual-link failures is to employ link protection for the two failed links independently which requires that two links may not use each other in their backup paths if they may fail simultaneously. Such a requirement is referred to as backup link mutual exclusion (BLME) constraint and the problem of identifying a backup path for every link that satisfies the above requirement is referred to as the BLME problem. This paper explores the BLME problem in depth by: (1) formulating the backup path selection as an integer linear program; and (2) developing a pseudo-polynomial time approximation algorithm based on minimum cost path routing. The ILP formulation and heuristic are applied to six networks and their performance is compared to approaches that assume precise knowledge of dual-link failure. The heuristic approach is shown to obtain feasible solutions that are resilient to most dual-link failures, although the backup path lengths may be significantly higher than optimal. In addition, the paper demonstrates the significance of the knowledge of failure location by illustrating that network with higher connectivity may require lesser capacity than one with a lower connectivity to recover from arbitrary dual-link failures.
Toward Interactive Self-Annotation For Video Object Bounding Box: Recurrent Self-Learning And Hierarchical Annotation Based Framework (2020)

Amount and variety of training data drastically affect the performance of CNNs. Thus, annotation methods are becoming more and more critical to collect data efficiently. In this paper, we propose a simple yet efficient Interactive Self-Annotation framework to cut down both time and human labor cost for video object bounding box annotation. Our method is based on recurrent self-supervised learning and consists of two processes: automatic process and interactive process, where the automatic process aims to build a supported detector to speed up the interactive process. In the Automatic Recurrent Annotation, we let an off-the-shelf detector watch unlabeled videos repeatedly to reinforce itself automatically. At each iteration, we utilize the trained model from the previous iteration to generate better pseudo ground-truth bounding boxes than those at the previous iteration, recurrently improving self-supervised training the detector. In the Interactive Recurrent Annotation, we tackle the human-in-the-loop annotation scenario where the detector receives feedback from the human annotator. To this end, we propose a novel Hierarchical Correction module, where the annotated frame-distance binarizedly decreases at each time step, to utilize the strength of CNN for neighbor frames. Experimental results on various video datasets demonstrate the advantages of the proposed framework in generating high-quality annotations while reducing annotation time and human labor costs.
Effect of Dry Period Length on Milk Production in Subsequent Lactation (1991)

The effect of planned dry period lengths of 4, 7, and 10 wk on subsequent lactational yield was estimated with 366 cows in an experiment in which dry period was manipulated independently of milk yield prior to drying off. In two herds, all three treatments were compared within herd; in six herds, two treatments were compared within herd. Compared with a 7-wk planned dry period, a 3-wk decrease lowered the level of milk production by 2.8 kg of 4% FCM/d in the first 84 d of the subsequent lactation, whereas a 3-wk increase raised the level of milk production by .5 kg/d. In the first 168 d of the subsequent lactation, the difference between 4-wk and 7-wk planned dry periods was 2.7 kg/d, and the difference between 7- and 10-wk periods was .4 kg/d. There was no indication of interaction among planned dry period length and lactation number, days open in previous lactation, previous milk yield, breed, or health status with respect to effect on subsequent lactational yield.
Landau-level spectra of conduction electrons at an InAs surface (1975)

I report magneto-oscillatory effects in tunneling through InAs-oxide-Pb junctions, which reflect the Landau levels of conduction electrons near the InAs-oxide interface. These oscillatory effects, which have been observed in transverse as well as longitudinal magnetic fields, are understood in terms of a qualitative theoretical picture. From the longitudinal magneto-oscillations, we have obtained that the effective cyclotron mass $\frac{{{m}_{0}}^{*}}{m}=0.0215\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005$ at the conduction-band edge and that, at energies within 400 meV above the band edge, it increases linearly with increasing energy at a rate of 1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$/meV. This value of ${{m}_{0}}^{*}$ is \ensuremath{\sim} 7% smaller than that obtained from cyclotron resonance and magneto-phonon experiments on bulk InAs. The transverse magneto-oscillations are identified with Landau levels of electrons whose cyclotron orbits graze the oxide potential barrier. The level broadening $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$, as deduced from the magnetic field dependence of the oscillation amplitude, corresponds to a relaxation time \ensuremath{\sim} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ sec. Within our experimental uncertainties, $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ increases linearly with increasing excitation energy.
Evaluation of the Susceptibility Artifacts and Tissue Injury Caused by Implanted Microchips in Dogs on 1.5T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2010)

Performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with a metallic implant raises concern over the potential complications, including susceptibility artifacts, implant migration, and heat injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate these complications in dogs with implanted microchips by evaluating MR images and the histopathological changes after 1.5 Tesla (T) MRI. Five dogs underwent microchip implantation in the cervicothoracic area. One month later, the area was imaged using 1.5T MRI in three dogs. The microchips were removed surgically together with the surrounding tissue in all dogs. There was significant signal loss and image distortion over a wide range around the area where the microchip was implanted. This change was consistent with susceptibility artifacts, which rendered the affected area including the spinal cord undiagnostic. The artifact was more extensive in T2*-weighted images (gradient-echo) and less extensive in proton density-weighted images (fast spin-echo with short echo time). Histopathologically, all microchips were well-encapsulated with granulation tissue, and there were no evidence of migration of microchips. Cell debris and a moderate number of degenerated cells with fibrin were seen in the inner layer of the granulation tissue in each dog that underwent MRI. These changes were very subtle and did not seem to be clinically significant. The results of this study suggest that, in 1.5T MRI, susceptibility artifacts produced by implanted microchips can be marked, although the dogs with implants appeared to be scanned safely.
Flash photolysis in the adsorbed state: pyrene on porous glass (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlash photolysis in the adsorbed state: pyrene on porous glassPaul L. Piciulo and James W. SutherlandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 11, 3123–3125Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00505a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00505a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Assessing query privileges via safe and efficient permission composition (2008)

We propose an approach for the selective enforcement of access control restrictions in, possibly distributed, large data collections based on two basic concepts: i) flexible authorizations identify, in a declarative way, the data that can be released, and ii) queries are checked for execution not with respect to individual authorizations but rather evaluating whether the information release they (directly or indirectly) entail is allowed by the authorizations. Our solution is based on the definition of query profiles capturing the information content of a query and builds on a graph-based modeling of database schema, authorizations, and queries. Access control is then effectively modeled and efficiently executed in terms of graph coloring and composition and on traversal of graph paths. We then provide a polynomial composition algorithm for determining if a query is authorized.