gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anticalins as alternative binding proteins for therapeutic use. (2007)

Members of the human lipocalin protein family exhibit four structurally hypervariable loops that form a ligand pocket, similar to the six complementarity-determining regions of antibodies. Using targeted random mutagenesis and selection, novel binding proteins, the so-called anticalins, have been engineered for the specific and tight complexation of low-molecular weight compounds as well as protein antigens, in particular medically relevant cell-surface targets. Based on recent in vitro and in vivo data, anticalins offer three mechanisms for application in human therapy: (i) as antagonists, for example, by binding to cellular receptors and blocking them from interaction with natural signaling molecules; (ii) as tissue-targeting vehicles, by localizing toxic molecules, cytokines or enzymes to disease-related cell-surface receptors; and (iii) as antidotes, by rapidly scavenging toxic or otherwise irritant compounds from the body. Compared with antibodies, anticalins provide several practical advantages because they are much smaller, consist of a single polypeptide chain, do not require disulfide bonds, and can easily be produced in microbial host cells.
Enhancing presentation level integration of remote applications and services in Web portals (2005)

Web portals are a means for presentation level integration of enterprise applications and services. We describe an approach for enhancing presentation level integration in Web portals by supporting communication between presentation level components. The approach is based on established standards in this area and allows the exchange of structured XML-data between local and remote applications and services. Since the approach is mostly declarative, it can also be used for improving integration of already existing presentation components.
Rivet (2000)

Rivet is a visualization system for the study of complex computer systems. Since computer systems analysis and visualization is an unpredictable and iterative process, a key design goal of Rivet is to support the rapid development of interactive visualizations capable of visualizing large data sets. In this paper, we present Rivet's architecture, focusing on its support for varied data sources, interactivity, composition and user-defined data transformations. We also describe the challenges of implementing this architecture efficiently and flexibly. We conclude with several examples of computer systems visualizations generated within Rivet, including studies of parallel systems, superscalar processors and mobile network usage.
Introduction (2005)

In secluded seminar rooms with dim lights and curtained windows at both NTT Docomo in Tokyo and the LG Research and Development (R&D) Institute in Seoul, we met with chief technology officers from each company to learn about how the large Korean and Japanese corporations were coping with globalization and changes in the national innovation system (NIS) after the rise of what we have termed “mad” technology. Our meetings took place in late fall 1999, when “dot.com” companies dominated the headlines in most economic newspapers and magazines. As we will show in Chapter 2, when we discuss what mad technology is and what is “mad” about mad technology, recent changes in the NIS and the global technology markets have been so revolutionary and alarming to us at the time that we felt it was imperative to meet and talk with these people in their corporate headquarters.
Informatics and modeling challenges in fragment-based drug discovery. (2007)

This review summarizes recent developments in fragment-based drug-discovery methods with an emphasis on informatics and modeling requirements. Fragment-based methods have become established as a powerful approach in structure-based lead discovery. A number of successful projects have been announced recently, where fragments have had a central role in hit generation and lead optimization, leading to candidates being considered for clinical trials. Despite these successes, there are still many opportunities for new development, such as improving the structural diversity of fragment libraries, strategies for fragment evolution, and methods for predicting fragment binding modes.
ZVS PWM modificated bridge converter utilizing partial resonance (2002)

Operations and evaluation results of a modified bridge power converter utilizing the concept of the partial resonant converter provided with ZVS (zero voltage switching) by voltage resonance and nonresonant PWM (pulsewidth-modulated) control are reported. The bridge converter showed very efficient and stable operations over a wide range of input voltages with a low switching loss and noise equivalent to or lower than resonant converters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Recent developments in a CdTe-based x-ray detector for digital radiography</title> (1997)

The performance of a new CdTe based x-ray detector devoted to digital radiography are presented. The detectors consist of a 6 cm<SUP>2</SUP> CdTe 2D-array connected to CMOS readout circuit by indium bumps. The final image has 400 X 600 pixels with a 50 micron pitch. This solid-state detector presents the advantages of direct conversion, i.e. high stopping power with high spatial resolution and a significantly higher signal than commercially available scintillator/photodetector systems. The experimental results show excellent linearity, spatial resolution and detective quantum efficiency. The MTF was measured by the angled-slit method: 20 to 30 percent at 10 1p/mm depending on the incident x-ray energy. The measured DQE is about 0.8 at 40 KeV and 100 (mu) Gray dose. Our simulation shows that these experimental results do not reach the theoretical limit. Further improvements are in progress. The first industrial application will be dental radiography due to the small size and the excellent performances. We also tested the detector with x-rays form 20 KeV to 1.25 MeV. Of course the CdTe thickness should then be adapted to the incident x-ray energy.
Alternative splicing expands the repertoire of dominant JAZ repressors of jasmonate signaling (2010)

Jasmonates (JAs) are fatty acid-derived signaling compounds that control diverse aspects of plant growth, development and immunity. The F-box protein COI1 functions both as a receptor for jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and as the component of an E3-ubiquitin ligase complex (SCF(COI1) ) that targets JAZ transcriptional regulators for degradation. A key feature of JAZ proteins is the C-terminal Jas motif that mediates the JA-Ile-dependent interaction with COI1. Here, we show that most JAZ genes from evolutionarily diverse plants contain a conserved intron that splits the Jas motif into 20 N-terminal and seven C-terminal (X(5) PY) amino acid submotifs. In most members of the Arabidopsis JAZ family, alternative splicing events involving retention of this intron generate proteins that are truncated before the X(5) PY sequence. In vitro pull-down and yeast two-hybrid assays indicate that these splice variants have reduced capacity to form stable complexes with COI1 in the presence of the bioactive stereoisomer of the hormone (3R,7S)-JA-Ile. cDNA overexpression studies showed that some, but not all, truncated splice variants are dominant repressors of JA signaling. We also show that strong constitutive expression of an intron-containing JAZ10 genomic clone is sufficient to repress JA responses. These findings provide evidence for functional differences between JAZ isoforms, and establish a direct link between the alternative splicing of JAZ pre-mRNA and the dominant repression of JA signal output. We propose that production of dominant JAZ repressors by alternative splicing reduces the negative consequences associated with inappropriate or hyperactivation of the JA response pathway.
Cellular reprogramming for pancreatic β‐cell regeneration: clinical potential of small molecule control (2014)

Recent scientific breakthroughs in stem cell biology suggest that a sustainable treatment approach to cure diabetes mellitus (DM) can be achieved in the near future. However, the transplantation complexities and the difficulty in obtaining the stem cells from adult cells of pancreas, liver, bone morrow and other cells is a major concern. The epoch-making strategy of transcription-factor based cellular reprogramming suggest that these barriers could be overcome, and it is possible to reprogram any cells into functional β cells. Contemporary biological and analytical techniques help us to predict the key transcription factors needed for β-cell regeneration. These β cell-specific transcription factors could be modulated with diverse reprogramming protocols. Among cellular reprogramming strategies, small molecule approach gets proclaimed to have better clinical prospects because it does not involve genetic manipulation. Several small molecules targeting certain epigenetic enzymes and/or signaling pathways have been successful in helping to induce pancreatic β-cell specification. Recently, a synthetic DNA-based small molecule triggered targeted transcriptional activation of pancreas-related genes to suggest the possibility of achieving desired cellular phenotype in a precise mode. Here, we give a brief overview of treating DM by regenerating pancreatic β-cells from various cell sources. Through a comprehensive overview of the available transcription factors, small molecules and reprogramming strategies available for pancreatic β-cell regeneration, this review compiles the current progress made towards the generation of clinically relevant insulin-producing β-cells.
MELEACH-L: More Energy-Efficient LEACH for Large-Scale WSNs (2008)

MELEACH-L proposed in this paper as an expanded version of MELEACH makes the major functions of MELEACH applicable to large-scale WSNs whose dimension is much larger than the largest transmission radius of the sensor nodes. The channel assignment among neighbor clusters and the cooperation among cluster heads during data collection are two major difficulties in a large WSN. MELEACH-L solves the two problems separately by controlling the size of each cluster and separating cluster heads from backbone nodes. According to our analysis and simulations, these two techniques solve the problems satisfactorily efficiently, making MELEACH-L an applicable version of MELEACH for large-scale WSNs.
Two transcriptional activators, CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor and heat shock transcription factor, interact with a human hsp70 gene promoter. (1987)

We characterized the activity of a human hsp70 gene promoter by in vitro transcription. Analysis of 5' deletion and substitution mutants in HeLa nuclear extracts showed that the basal activity of the promoter depends primarily on a CCAAT-box sequence located at -65. A protein factor, CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor (CTF), was isolated from HeLa nuclear extracts and shown to be responsible for stimulation of transcription in a reconstituted in vitro system. DNase I footprinting revealed that CTF interacts with two CCAAT-box elements located at -65 and -147 of the human hsp70 promoter. An additional binding activity, heat shock transcription factor (HSTF), which interacted with the heat shock element, was also identified in HeLa extract fractions. This demonstrates that the promoter of this human hsp70 gene interacts with at least two positive transcriptional activators, CTF, which is required for CCAAT-box-dependent transcription as in other promoters such as those of globin and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase genes, and HSTF, which is involved in heat inducibility.
Tunable loaded line phase shifters for microwave applications (2011)

This paper presents the design and realization of a tunable periodically loaded slot line phase shifters. The tunability is achieved by using liquid crystal (LC) as a tunable dielectric. Two prototypes are fabricated based on a printed circuit board (PCB) - LC - PCB structure for 12 GHz and a glass - LC - glass structure for 18 GHz. Measurements are performed and the figure of merits of the phase shifters are determined as 47 °/dB and 42 °/dB, respectively.
Topical Treatment with OGG1 Enzyme Affects UVB‐induced Skin Carcinogenesis<sup>†</sup> (2007)

Nonmelanoma skin cancer resulting from UVB exposure is a large and growing problem in the United States. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the UVB-induced inflammatory response results in the formation of oxidative DNA adducts such as 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanine (8-oxo-dG), which have been shown to contribute to the development of this cancer. The 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) enzyme repairs 8-oxo-dG adducts, suggesting that enhancing its activity in the skin might increase 8-oxo-dG repair thus preventing skin cancer development. We therefore used the SKH-1 murine model to examine the effect of topically applied OGG1 on UVB-induced skin cancer development. Mice were exposed three times weekly to UVB followed immediately by topical treatment with a formulation of liposome-encapsulated OGG1 enzyme for 25 weeks. While this treatment did not affect UVB-induced tumor multiplicity, it did reduce tumor size and dramatically reduced tumor progression, as indicated by tumor grade. These results suggest that oxidative DNA damage contributes to the progression of UVB-induced skin tumors and that a topical formulation containing OGG1, perhaps in conjunction with other DNA repair enzymes such as T4 endonuclease V, could be used in populations at high risk for skin cancer development.
Photosensitized electron injection in colloidal semiconductors (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotosensitized electron injection in colloidal semiconductorsJacques Moser and Michael GraetzelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 22, 6557–6564Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00334a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00334a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views914Altmetric-Citations293LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crosslinked waterborne polyurethane with high waterproof performance (2016)

Fluorinated acrylate and siloxane waterborne polyurethanes with crosslinked structure exhibit low water absorption, high water contact angles, and high mechanical/thermal properties.
Aqueous High-Temperature Chemistry of Carbo- and Heterocycles. 20. Reactions of Some Benzenoid Hydrocarbons and Oxygen-Containing Derivatives in Supercritical Water at 460 .degree.C (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous High-Temperature Chemistry of Carbo- and Heterocycles. 20. Reactions of Some Benzenoid Hydrocarbons and Oxygen-Containing Derivatives in Supercritical Water at 460 .degree.CAlan R. Katritzky, Richard A. Barcock, Marudai Balasubramanian, John V. Greenhill, Michael Siskin, and William N. OlmsteadCite this: Energy Fuels 1994, 8, 2, 487–497Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00044a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An <i>in vivo</i> NMR imaging determination of multiexponential Hahn <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> of normal lung (1990)

We describe the first in vivo imaging determination of normal lung tissue's multiexponential transverse magnetization decay. Normal spontaneously breathing rats were used for the measurements. To obtain motion-insensitive images, we used a modified line scan imaging technique which we call the interleaved line scan (ILS). The ILS overcomes the following difficulties associated with imaging lungs: low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) due to lung's low proton density and short T2 decay, artifacts associated with cardiac and respiratory motion, and excessively long imaging times with conventional line scan techniques. Using the ILS, a 16-line 32-average image with an 8-s repetition time requires 4.3 min. From a series of 16 Hahn spin-echo images with echo times ranging from 16 to 90 ms, we obtained a two-component T2 decay for normal peripheral lung tissue. The measured fast and slow T2 components were 9.5 +/- 1.0 and 34 +/- 5.0 ms for the right lung and 9.0 +/- 1.5 and 32 +/- 4.5 for the left lung. The relative magnetization for the slow T2 component was 7.0 +/- 4.5% for the right lung and 10 +/- 3.0% for the left lung.
Morphodensitometric analysis of protein kinase C β II expression in rat colon: modulation by diet and relation to in situ cell proliferation and apoptosis (2000)

We have recently demonstrated that overexpression of PKC β II renders transgenic mice more susceptible to carcinogen-induced colonic hyperproliferation and aberrant crypt foci formation. In order to further investigate the ability of PKC β II to modulate colonocyte cytokinetics, we determined the localization of PKC β II with respect to cell proliferation and apoptosis along the entire colonic crypt axis following carcinogen and diet manipulation. Rats were provided diets containing either corn oil [containing n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)] or fish oil (containing n-3 PUFA), cellulose (non-fermentable fiber) or pectin (fermentable fiber) and injected with azoxymethane (AOM) or saline. After 16 weeks, an intermediate time point when no macroscopic tumors are detected, colonic sections were utilized for immunohistochemical image analysis and immunoblotting. Cell proliferation was measured by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA and apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling. In the distal colon, PKC β II staining was localized to the upper portion of the crypt. In comparison, proximal crypts had more ( P < 0.05) staining in the lower tertile. AOM enhanced ( P < 0.05) PKC β II expression in all regions of the distal colonic crypt (upper, middle and lower tertiles). There was also an interaction ( P < 0.05) between dietary fat and fiber on PKC β II expression (corn/pectin > fish/cellulose, fish/pectin > corn/cellulose) in all regions of the distal colonic crypt. With respect to colonic cell kinetics, proliferation paralleled the increase in PKC β II expression in carcinogen-treated animals. In contrast, apoptosis at the lumenal surface was inversely proportional to PKC β II expression in the upper tertile. These results suggest that an elevation in PKC β II expression along the crypt axis in the distal colon is linked to enhancement of cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis, predictive intermediate biomarkers of tumor development. Therefore, select dietary factors may confer protection against colon carcinogenesis in part by blocking carcinogen-induced PKC β II expression.
Dual Polarization Modulation: A Real-Time, Spectral-Multiplex Separation of Circular Dichroism from Linear Birefringence Spectral Intensities (2000)

A real-time, spectral-multiplex method for the complete separation of circular dichroism (CD) spectra from linear birefringence (LB) spectra is presented. The method, called dual polarization modulation (DPM), involves the introduction of a second source of polarization modulation after the CD sample. The first source of polarization modulation, as in conventional CD spectrometers, is located before the sample. Intensity signals at the detector in phase with each of the two polarization modulation frequencies are demodulated simultaneously in parallel and combined electronically in opposition to eliminate the LB spectrum by real-time cancellation. The accuracy of the cancellation can be adjusted electronically without the need to change the optical alignment of the instrument. The DPM method permits baseline-corrected CD spectra to be measured without the need for a subsequent CD background measurement.
Prevention of Lyme disease. (1992)

Lyme disease and the use of tick repellents and physical protective measures to prevent the disease are discussed. Lyme disease is a multiple-organ-system, immune-mediated inflammatory disorder transmitted by the bites of ixodid ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. An individual is at greatest risk for infection when a tick has been attached to the skin for more than 24 hours. Lyme disease occurs in three stages and may affect the skin, nervous system, cardiac system, and joints. Antimicrobials used in management consist primarily of penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, and erythromycin. Tick repellents are divided into those applied to the skin and those applied to clothing. Skin repellents include N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, and dimethyl phthalate. Permethrin is by far the most effective clothing repellent. DEET plus a permethrin-containing clothing repellent offers the best overall protection. The adverse effects of repellents are minimal, but cases of hypersensitivity have been reported, especially in children. Physical measures to prevent tick bites include avoiding tick-infested areas, wearing light-colored clothing for easy identification of crawling ticks, regularly checking the body and pets for ticks, wearing protective garments and closed-toed shoes, and removing attached ticks promptly by using tweezers or forceps to apply a steady upward pull. A vaccine for the active immunization of humans against Lyme disease remains to be developed. Although antimicrobial therapy is available for persons with Lyme disease, the best approach for those who may be exposed to infected ticks is to apply topical skin or clothing repellents and to practice common-sense measures of physical protection.
Magamp post regulation for flyback converter (2002)

In this paper, a new magamp technique for flyback converters is proposed. The operation principle of the proposed approach is described and design guidelines are provided. Experimental verifications on a 50 W two-output flyback converter are conducted. Recordings show that the proposed approach is effective and voltage regulation of the auxiliary output is excellent.