gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy Management Framework for Electric Vehicles in the Smart Grid: A Three-Party Game (2016)

With the rapid development of EVs and their penetration in our modern society, the energy management issues in the smart grid integrated with EVs are attracting more and more research interest. Most of the existing literature only involves two-sided interactions between the EVs and the power grid or the smart home/buildings in the DSM investigation. In fact, however, similar to EVs, when equipped with distributed renewable energy sources and electricity storage facilities, SCs can also be regarded as either energy consumers or energy providers with their individual rationality. This can lead to increased flexibility of the energy management and power trading in the power system involving both EVs and SCs. In this article, we propose a three-party architecture for the smart grid integrated with EVs, involving complex and flexible interactions among the power grid, EVs, and SCs. Based on the proposed three-party architecture, we introduce two interesting systems, SC-centered and EV-centered systems, and further propose a schedule-upon-request energy management framework to achieve effective and intelligent energy management in the power system involving both EVs and SCs. Feasible optimization methods for energy management problems in this framework are also summarized.
Monofunctional Platinum Complexes Showing Potent Cytotoxicity against Human Liver Carcinoma Cell Line BEL-7402 (2003)

Three novel Pt(II) complexes [PtL(1)'Cl] I (L(1)' = glycine-N'-8-quinolylamide), [PtL(2)'Cl] II (L(2)' = l-alanine-N'-8-quinolylamide), and [PtL(3)Cl] III [L(3) = N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-l-methionine-N'-8-quinolylamide] have been synthesized and characterized. The crystal structure of complexes II and III showed that the ligands are three-coordinated with only one Cl(-) as the leaving group. Complex II crystallized in the monoclinic system with space group P2(1), a = 9.502(2) A, b = 4.724(1) A, c = 14.800(3) A, while complex III crystallized in the orthorhombic system with space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 5.441(1) A, b = 12.978(3) A, c = 29.438(6) A. These complexes have been tested against a wide range of tumor cell lines including BEL-7402, HCT-116, SPC-A4, MOLT-4, P388, HL-60, A-549, SGC-7901, MKN-28, and HO-8910. Complex III is highly cytotoxic against the HCT-116 (IC(50) = 0.38 microM), SPC-A4 (IC(50) = 0.43 microM), BEL-7402 (IC(50) = 0.43 microM), and MOLT-4 (IC(50) = 0.61 microM) cell lines. The cell line most sensitive to III is human liver carcinoma cell line BEL-7402, which has a response rate of 75.1% at 6.6 x 10(-7) M, nearly 6 times higher than that of cisplatin.
<title>CMYK transformation with black preservation in color management system</title> (2001)

A color calibration process and system for CMYK printing with black preservation is described in this paper. This approach is used to create a 4-D lookup table (LUT) off time for a closed-loop workflow or a deviceLink ICC profile at real-time by a smart color management module (CMM) for ICC color management workflow. The output K' in the 4-D LUT or the deviceLink profile is decided by the lightness or density mapping between the input K and the output K' and the black usage of the output printer, and K' is proportional to K. The calibration processes are: 1) to convert the input CMYK (e.g. SWOP CMYK) into a device-independent color space (e.g. CIE CAM97s Jab, CIE L*a*b*, or MLab); 2) gamut mapping; and 3) to convert the in-gamut device-independent color into the output CMYK color space. A major difference of this approach over existing methods is that the input K is carried to the second and the third steps to determine the amount of the output K. Therefore the input K information is not lost during the color transformation. This approach can be applied to both closed-loop color architecture and ICC color management.
PCR Automation (1989)

In the evolution of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), two developments have greatly simplified the procedure: automation of temperature cycling and the use of a thermostable DNA polymerase. The original method, using the Klenow fragment of E. colf DNA polymerase I, was very tedious because of the thermal lability of the enzyme. The initial PCR process required moving the samples to be amplified between two heat sources: one at high temperature (94°–95°C), required to denature the double-stranded DNA, and one at relatively low temperature (37°C), needed for both the annealing of the primers and their extension. Because the Klenow fragment is irreversibly denatured every time the sample temperature is raised to 94–95°C, the enzyme has to be replenished every cycle, after the sample temperature is restored to 37°C, in order to extend the annealed primers. Thus, the requirements of automating the PCR method at the time of its invention were actually two-fold: 1) cycling the temperature between 94°C and 37°C, and 2) adding fresh enzyme every cycle.KeywordsPolymerase Chain ReactionPolymerase Chain Reaction MethodBlock TemperatureKlenow FragmentPolymerase Chain Reaction ProcessThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
THE CONTROL OF LEUKOCYTE GLYCOLYSIS (1958)

lsolated human blood leukocytes have a predominantly aerobic glycolytic metabolism, but the rates of lactic acid production per cell are significantly lower in chronic myelocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia leukocytes than in normal ones. An attempt was made to explain these differences by identifying the rate-limiting or master reaction in the three tissues. (C.H.)
An Automated Technique for Double Staining Rat and Rabbit Fetal Skeletal Specimens to Differentiate Bone and Cartilage (1999)

Assessment of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity must include evaluation of the development of the fetal skeleton. The method described here is an improved and fully automated double staining method using alizarin red S to stain bone and alcian blue to stain cartilage. The method was developed on the enclosed Shandon Pathcentre, and the quality of specimens reported here will be reproduced only if carried out on a similar processor under the same environmental conditions. The staining, maceration and clearing process takes approximately 6 days. The personnel time, however, is minimal since solutions are changed automatically and the fetuses are not examined or removed from the processor until the procedure is completed. Upon completion of processing, the bone and cartilage assessment of the specimens can be carried out immediately if required. Full evaluation of skeletal development in both the rat and the rabbit is necessary to meet the requirements of safety assessment studies. This method allows this to be accomplished on a large scale with consistently clear specimens and in a realistic time.
Watching the footwork (2014)

Interactive mobile technologies have become part of audience experiences of live performances in terms of both general media sharing and specific (sometimes official) extra content. At the same time, high bandwidth affords streaming of live events to mobile devices. We take advantage of these technologies in our high resolution, panoramic image video stream and study a scenario of audience members viewing the very same live event they are watching on a tablet. The video stream on the tablet is navigational and enables audience members to pan and zoom in the real-time video feed. We studied audience interaction and impressions in three performances of a dance and music show and found distinct uses of the second screen video stream. We emphasize that despite initial reluctance, the observed utilization of the technology opened up for new potential practices. Our study shows how working with perceived conflict in technology can still open up design space for interactive technologies.
Ketomethylureas. A New Class of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (1988)

The design rationale for a new series of tripeptide derived angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which we term "ketomethylureas", is described. Analogs of tripeptide substrates (i.e. N-benzoyl-Phe-Ala-Pro) in which the nitrogen atom of the scissile amide bond and the adjacent asymmetric carbon atom of the penultimate amino acid residue are formally transposed give rise to this novel class of inhibitors. The most potent ketomethylureas inhibit ACE with I50 values in the nM range.
Imaging in Chronic Wound Diagnostics (2020)

<b>Significance:</b> Chronic wounds affect millions of patients worldwide, placing a huge burden on health care resources. Although significant progress has been made in the development of wound treatments, very few advances have been made in wound diagnosis. <b>Recent Advances:</b> Standard imaging methods like computed tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, terahertz imaging, and ultrasound imaging have been widely employed in wound diagnostics. A number of noninvasive optical imaging modalities like optical coherence tomography, near-infrared spectroscopy, laser Doppler imaging, spatial frequency domain imaging, digital camera imaging, and thermal and fluorescence imaging have emerged over the years. <b>Critical Issues:</b> While standard diagnostic wound imaging modalities provide valuable information, they cannot account for dynamic changes in the wound environment. In addition, they lack the capability to predict the healing outcome. Thus, there remains a pressing need for more efficient methods that can not only indicate the current state of the wound but also help determine whether the wound is on track to heal normally. <b>Future Directions:</b> Many imaging probes have been fabricated and shown to provide real-time assessment of tissue microenvironment and inflammatory responses <i>in vivo</i>. These probes have been demonstrated to noninvasively detect various changes in the wound environment, which include tissue pH, reactive oxygen species, fibrin deposition, matrix metalloproteinase production, and macrophage accumulation. This review summarizes the creation of these probes and their potential implications in wound monitoring.
A fast lightweight approach to origin-destination IP traffic estimation using partial measurements (2006)

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for estimating traffic matrices. Our method, called PamTram for PArtial Measurement of TRAffic Matrices, couples lightweight origin-destination (OD) flow measurements along with a computationally lightweight algorithm for producing OD estimates. The first key aspect of our method is to actively select a small number of informative OD flows to measure in each estimation interval. To avoid the heavy computation of optimal selection, we use intuition from game theory to develop randomized selection rules, with the goals of reducing errors and adapting to traffic changes. We show that it is sufficient to measure only one flow per measurement period to drastically reduce errors-thus rendering our method lightweight in terms of measurement overhead. The second key aspect is an explanation and proof that an Iterative Proportional Fitting algorithm approximates traffic matrix estimates when the goal is a minimum mean-squared error; this makes our method lightweight in terms of computation overhead. A one-step error bound is provided for PamTram that bounds the average error for the worst scenario. We validate our method using data from Sprint's European Tier-1 IP backbone network and demonstrate its consistent improvement over previous methods.
A Historical Look at Photodynamic Therapy (2016)

Many dermatologists who utilize photodynamic therapy (PDT) in their everyday clinical practices assume that PDT is a fairly new therapeutic modality. In fact, and surprising to many, PDT has been available in medicine since the beginning of the 20th century. In this review, we will trace some of the major roots of PDT and how it ended up in the capable hands of dermatologists, many of whom utilize the treatment on a daily basis for the well-being of their patients with a variety of skin concerns.
Programmed Cell Death of Developing Mammalian Neurons after Genetic Deletion of Caspases (2001)

An analysis of programmed cell death of several populations of developing postmitotic neurons after genetic deletion of two key members of the caspase family of pro-apoptotic proteases, caspase-3 and caspase-9, indicates that normal neuronal loss occurs. Although the amount of cell death is not altered, the death process may be delayed, and the cells appear to use a nonapoptotic pathway of degeneration. The neuronal populations examined include spinal interneurons and motor, sensory, and autonomic neurons. When examined at both the light and electron microscopic levels, the caspase-deficient neurons exhibit a nonapoptotic morphology in which nuclear changes such as chromatin condensation are absent or reduced; in addition, this morphology is characterized by extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization that is rarely observed in degenerating control neurons. There is also reduced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling in dying caspase-deficient neurons. Despite the altered morphology and apparent temporal delay in cell death, the number of neurons that are ultimately lost is indistinguishable from that seen in control animals. In contrast to the striking perturbations in the morphology of the forebrain of caspase-deficient embryos, the spinal cord and brainstem appear normal. These results are consistent with the growing idea that the involvement of specific caspases and the occurrence of caspase-independent programmed cell death may be dependent on brain region, cell type, age, and species or may be the result of specific perturbations or pathology.
Raman Characterization of Thermal Conduction in Transparent Carbon Nanotube Films (2011)

Using materials with high thermal conductivity is a matter of great concern in the field of thermal management. In this study, we present our experimental results on two-dimensional thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT) films obtained by using an optical method based on Raman spectroscopy. We use four kinds of CNTs in film preparation to investigate the effect of CNT type on heat spreading performance of CNT films. This first comparative study using the optical method shows that the arc-discharge single-walled carbon nanotubes yield the best heat spreading film. We also show that the Raman method renders reasonable thermal conductivity value as long as the sample is a transparent film by testing CNT films with various transmittance. This study provides useful information on characterization of thermal conduction in transparent CNT films and could be an important step toward high-performance carbon-based heat spreading films.
[Studies on the in vitro bactericidal effects of cephalexin against Staphylococcus aureus (author's transl)]. (1977)

The effect of cephalexin on the numbers of viable cells was studied. Two strains of Staph. aureus and 6 strains of Escherichia coli at their logarithmic phase were exposed to various concentrations (1 approximately 4 MICs) of cephalexin for 1 approximately 24 hours in vitro. The numbers of viable cells were determined by the colony-counting method during and after the exposure of cephalexin. The following results were obtained: 1. When exposure time was short (3 hours or less), the numbers of viable cells were not decreased even at the high concentration (4 MICs). And more exposure time (4 hours or more) was needed for decreasing the number of cells. 2. "Concentration" was not strong influencing factor for decreasing the numbers of cells as compared with "Exposure time". 3. From the point of decreasing the numbers of cells for 12 hours, 4-hour exposure to 1 MIC was more effective than 2-hour twice exposure at 4-hour nonexposure interval to 4 MICs of cephalexin.
Determinant Spreading of  T Helper Cell 2 (Th2) Responses to Pancreatic Islet Autoantigens (1997)

The nature (Th1 versus Th2) and dynamics of the autoimmune response during the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and after immunotherapy are unclear. Here, we show in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice that the autoreactive T cell response starts and spreads as a pure Th1 type autoimmunity, suggesting that a spontaneous Th1 cascade underlies disease progression. Surprisingly, induction of antiinflammatory Th2 responses to a single beta cell antigen (betaCA) resulted in the spreading of Th2 cellular and humoral immunity to unrelated betaCAs in an infectious manner and protection from IDDM. The data suggest that both Th1 and Th2 autoimmunity evolve in amplificatory cascades by generating site-specific, but not antigen-specific, positive feedback circuits. Determinant spreading of Th2 responses may be a fundamental mechanism underlying antigen-based immunotherapeutics, explaining observations of infectious tolerance and providing a new theoretical framework for therapeutic intervention.
PVdF/graphene oxide hybrid membranes via electrospinning for water treatment applications (2015)

PVdF nanofiber membranes loaded with GO were prepared <italic>via</italic> an electrospinning method and they showed excellent performances including low fouling due to hydrophilic property of GO.
Diversity Embedded Space–Time Codes (2008)

Rate and diversity impose a fundamental tradeoff in wireless communication. High-rate space-time codes come at a cost of lower reliability (diversity), and high reliability (diversity) implies a lower rate. However, wireless networks need to support applications with very different quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, and it is natural to ask what characteristics should be built into the physical layer link in order to accommodate them. In this paper, we design high-rate space-time codes that have a high-diversity code embedded within them. This allows a form of communication where the high-rate code opportunistically takes advantage of good channel realizations while the embedded high-diversity code provides guarantees that at least part of the information is received reliably. We provide constructions of linear and nonlinear codes for a fixed transmit alphabet constraint. The nonlinear constructions are a natural generalization to wireless channels of multilevel codes developed for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel that are matched to binary partitions of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and phase-shift keying (PSK) constellations. The importance of set-partitioning to code design for the wireless channel is that it provides a mechanism for translating constraints in the binary domain into lower bounds on diversity protection in the complex domain. We investigate the systems implications of embedded diversity codes by examining value to unequal error protection, rate opportunism, and packet delay optimization. These applications demonstrate that diversity-embedded codes have the potential to outperform traditional single-layer codes in moderate signal-to-noise (SNR) regimes.
Ternary Ambipolar Phosphine Oxide Hosts Based on Indirect Linkage for Highly Efficient Blue Electrophosphorescence: Towards High Triplet Energy, Low Driving Voltage and Stable Efficiencies (2011)

The effective strategy of indirect linakge for constructing ternary ambipolar phosphine oxide (PO) hosts with the high first triplet energy levels (T(1)) was successfully demonstrated. The interplay between the chromophore, hole and electron transporting moieties was effectively restrained. Both of T(1) as high as 3.0 eV and ambipolar characteristics were perfectly realized, which consequently resulted in the highly efficient blue-emitting phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with low driving voltage and stable efficiencies.
Optimal placement of virtual machines with different placement constraints in IAAS clouds (2012)

There has been much research activity recently in relation to the optimal placement of virtual machines (VMs) on physical servers. Usually the objective is to consolidate the VMs on servers for energy-saving purposes in a cloud environment. In this paper, we study the problem of optimizing the allocation of VMs having different placement constraints (e.g., security and anti-collocation) and characteristics (e.g., memory and disk capacity), given a set of physical hosts with known specifications, in order to achieve the objective of maximizing the cloud provider's revenue. This is an important resource allocation problem in data centers. Our approach is based on the formulation of the problem as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem. The ILP model produces an optimal placement for VMs with different placement constraints. Given a model of VM placement constraints, offered resources and required VM sets, the model devises a plan to allocate VMs to servers in a way that maximizes revenue, having due regard both to customer requirements and server capacities. The performance of the algorithms is evaluated by means of numerical experiments. Experiments suggest that this model and its associated solution strategy is practical for the offline development of VM-to-server allocation plans given a typical mix of customer demands for virtualized computing resources in small or medium data centers.
Dose Delivery Study for a Novel Compact Proton Accelerator (2014)

Proton therapy has played an important role in the treatment of cancer with radiation\ntherapy for more than 60 years. Active spot scanning to deliver highly conformal dose\nto the tumor has been developed. However, the availability of proton therapy to the\npatients is still limited, partly, due to the high costs and sizes of large proton therapy\ncenters. Therefore, a novel compact proton single room facility based on a linear accelerator\nmounted on a gantry has been proposed, named TULIP (TUrning LInac for\nProton therapy). This accelerator allows for active energy variation on a milliseconds\ntime scale. This work aims to assess the possibilities of dose delivery with TULIP to exploit\nits beneficial features with respect to dose delivery. We developed a software tool,\nsimulating the dose delivery to the tumor. By means of this software tool, we assessed\ndifferent delivery methods and found 3D spot scanning to be superior to rotational dose\ndelivery with regard to dose and irradiation time. In a second part, we expanded the\ninvestigations to dose delivery to moving targets. Due to fast energy variation, we found\nTULIP to be preferably suitable for rescanning, confirmed by irradiation times of only a\nfew minutes.\n
Adaptive spectral contrast enhancement based on masking effect for the hearing impaired (2002)

A spectral enhancement technique has been developed to compensate for the reduced masking effect in people with sensorineural hearing impairment. The speech is modified with the goal of increasing asymmetrically the amplitudes of the first three formant peaks relative to surrounding spectrum levels. The shape and degree of the spectral contrast alteration can be flexibly adjusted in this proposed scheme based on the reduced masking effect. The processed speech was presented to listeners with moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss. Experiment results have shown that most of listeners consistently preferred the processed speech to the original one. A comparison of the results with Bunnell's (1990) scheme are also reported, which demonstrates furthermore the effectiveness and correctness of our scheme.