gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<b>Hydrolysis of Ethylene and Dimethyl Sulfite and the Origin of Strain in Cyclic Esters</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis of Ethylene and Dimethyl Sulfite and the Origin of Strain in Cyclic EstersRobert Earl. DavisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 4, 599–604Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00863a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (697 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Longitudinal clinical and radiographic evaluation reveals interleukin-6 as an indicator of persistent pulmonary injury in COVID-19 (2020)

<b>Rationale</b>: Previous studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were mainly focused on cross-sectional analysis. In this study, we sought to evaluate the dynamic changes of immunological and radiographic features, and the association with the outcome of pulmonary lesions in COVID-19 patients. <b>Methods</b>: Peripheral blood samples and radiographic data were collected longitudinally for up to 8 weeks from 158 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. The chest computed tomography (CT) scans were scored based on a semi-quantification assessment according to the extent of pulmonary abnormalities; the temporal change of the immunological and radiographic features was analyzed. <b>Results:</b> Compared with mild and moderate patients, severe patients had significantly decreased counts of lymphocytes, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, and CD19<sup>+</sup> B cells but dramatically elevated counts of neutrophils and levels of interleukin (IL)-6. Sequential monitoring showed a sustained increase in lymphocytes counts and significantly decreased levels of IL-6 in severe patients during the disease course. Notably, patients with persistent pulmonary lesions (CT score ≥ 5 in week 8) showed high levels of IL-6 during the follow-up period, compared with those with recovery lesions (CT score < 5 in week 8). More importantly, the peak expression of IL-6 prior to the aggravated lung injury was mainly found in patients with persistent lesions, and multivariate analysis showed that IL-6 level upon admission was an independent factor associated with the persistent pulmonary injury. <b>Conclusion:</b> Prolonged elevation of IL-6 is associated with persistent pulmonary lesions in COVID-19 patients. Sequential monitoring and timely intervention of IL-6 may favor the clinical management of COVID-19.
Medical Uses of Cortisone Including Hydrocortisone and Corticotropin (1954)

The editor has attempted to compile the experiences of various medical specialists and to present an authoritative compendium of sound clinical judgment on the actions and uses of cortisone, hydrocortisone, and corticotropin. As in all multiauthored texts, differences of opinion inevitably creep into the contents. These apparent contradictions do not reduce the value of the volume but rather indicate areas where definite conclusions as to the worth of a particular kind of therapy are as yet undetermined. There is a great difference in the quality of the chapters, but on the whole a laudable effort has been made by the authors to achieve the original goals. The text is clinically oriented but also contains information on the basic experimental approaches.
Copper is required for oncogenic BRAF signaling and tumorigenesis (2014)

The BRAF kinase is mutated, typically V600E, to induce an active oncogenic state in a large fraction of melanoma, thyroid, hairy cell leukemia, and to a lesser extent, a wide spectrum of other cancers1,2. BRAFV600E phosphorylates and activates the kinases MEK1 and MEK2, which in turn phosphorylate and activate the kinases ERK1 and ERK2, stimulating the MAPK pathway to promote cancer3. Targeting MEK1/2 is proving to be an important therapeutic strategy, as a MEK1/2 inhibitor provides a survival advantage in metastatic melanoma4, which is increased when co-administered with a BRAFV600E inhibitor5. In this regard, we previously found that copper (Cu) influx enhances MEK1 phosphorylation of ERK1/2 through a Cu-MEK1 interaction6. We now show that genetic loss of the high affinity Cu transporter Ctr1 or mutations in MEK1 that disrupt Cu binding reduced BRAFV600E-driven signaling and tumorigenesis. Conversely, a MEK1-MEK5 chimera that phosphorylates ERK1/2 independent of Cu or an active ERK2 restored tumor growth to cells lacking Ctr1. Importantly, Cu chelators used in the treatment of Wilson disease7 reduced tumor growth of both BRAFV600E-transformed cells and cells resistant to BRAF inhibition. Taken together, these results suggest that Cu-chelation therapy could be
Genetic and Histologic Studies of Somatomammotropic Pituitary Tumors in Patients with the “Complex of Spotty Skin Pigmentation, Myxomas, Endocrine Overactivity and Schwannomas” (Carney Complex)<sup>1</sup> (2000)

Carney complex (CNC) is a familial multiple neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome with features overlapping those of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) and other multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes, MEN type 1 (MEN 1), in particular. GH-producing pituitary tumors have been described in individual reports and in at least two large CNC patient series. It has been suggested that the evolution of acromegaly in CNC resembles that of the other endocrine manifestations of CNC in its chronic, often indolent, progressive nature. However, histologic and molecular evidence has not been presented in support of this hypothesis. In this investigation, the pituitary glands of eight patients with CNC and acromegaly [age, 22.9+/-11.6 yr (mean +/- SD)] were studied histologically. Tumor DNA was used for comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) (four tumors). All tumors stained for both GH and prolactin PRL (eight of eight), and some for other hormones, including alpha-subunit. Evidence for somatomammotroph hyperplasia was present in five of the eight patients in proximity to adenoma tissue; in the remaining three only adenoma tissue was available for study. CGH showed multiple changes involving losses of chromosomal regions 6q, 7q, 11p, and 11q, and gains of 1pter-p32, 2q35-qter, 9q33-qter, 12q24-qter, 16, 17, 19p, 20p, 20q, 22p and 22q in the most aggressive tumor, an invasive macroadenoma; no chromosomal changes were seen in the microadenomas diagnosed prospectively (3 tumors). We conclude that, in at least some patients with CNC, the pituitary gland is characterized by somatotroph hyperplasia, which precedes GH-producing tumor formation, in a pathway similar to that suggested for MAS-related pituitary tumors. Three GH-producing microadenomas showed no genetic changes by CGH, whereas a macroadenoma in a patient, whose advanced acromegaly was not cured by surgery, showed extensive CGH changes. We speculate that these changes represent secondary and tertiary genetic "hits" involved in pituitary oncogenesis. The data (1) underline the need for early investigation for acromegaly in patients with CNC; (2) provide a molecular hypothesis for its clinical progression; and (3) suggest a model for MAS- and, perhaps, MEN 1-related GH-producing tumor formation.
[Dental injury associated with general anesthesia and the preventive measures]. (2010)

Of 30,845 patients who underwent general anesthesia in the period, the dental injury developed in 110 patients (0.36%) during general anesthesia. The incidence of dental injury was higher in patients above 60 years of age, The patients who had received mouth guards had significantly lower incidence of dental injury compared with those without mouth guards (0.06% vs. 0.37%, P < 0.05). The left upper incisors were involved most commonly in the development of dental injury, and the timing of dental injury was most frequent at the time of tracheal intubation.
Content-based document image retrieval in complex document collections (2007)

We address the problem of content-based image retrieval in the context of complex document images. Complex documents typically start out on paper and are then electronically scanned. These documents have rich internal structure and might only be available in image form. Additionally, they may have been produced by a combination of printing technologies (or by handwriting); and include diagrams, graphics, tables and other non-textual elements. Large collections of such complex documents are commonly found in legal and security investigations. The indexing and analysis of large document collections is currently limited to textual features based OCR data and ignore the structural context of the document as well as important non-textual elements such as signatures, logos, stamps, tables, diagrams, and images. Handwritten comments are also normally ignored due to the inherent complexity of offline handwriting recognition. We address important research issues concerning content-based document image retrieval and describe a prototype for integrated retrieval and aggregation of diverse information contained in scanned paper documents we are developing. Such complex document information processing combines several forms of image processing together with textual/linguistic processing to enable effective analysis of complex document collections, a necessity for a wide range of applications. Our prototype automatically generates rich metadata about a complex document and then applies query tools to integrate the metadata with text search. To ensure a thorough evaluation of the effectiveness of our prototype, we are developing a test collection containing millions of document images.
Intrinsic curvature hypothesis for biomembrane lipid composition: a role for nonbilayer lipids. (1985)

A rationale is presented for the mix of "bilayer" and "nonbilayer" lipids, which occurs in biomembranes. A theory for the L alpha-HII phase transition and experimental tests of the theory are reviewed. It is suggested that the phase behavior is largely the result of a competition between the tendency for certain lipid monolayers to curl and the hydrocarbon packing strains that result. The tendency to curl is quantitatively given by the intrinsic radius of curvature, Ro, which minimizes the bending energy of a lipid monolayer. When bilayer (large Ro) and nonbilayer (small Ro) lipids are properly mixed, the resulting layer has a value of Ro that is at the critical edge of bilayer stability. In this case, bilayers may be destabilized by the protein-mediated introduction of hydrophobic molecules, such as dolichol. An x-ray diffraction investigation of the effect of dolichol on such a lipid mixture is described. This leads to the hypothesis that biomembranes homeostatically adjust their intrinsic curvatures to fall into an optimum range. Experimental strategies for testing the hypothesis are outlined.
Low cost - high efficiency MIS/inversion layer solar cells (1980)

This letter reports the highest total area efficiency (a probable 16% or greater for AM1 conditions) yet achieved for MIS Inversion Layer (I.L.) silicon solar cells. The cells have the MIS-IL structure with the inversion layer contacted by a MIS grid and induced on p-silicon by a spin-on tantalum oxide layer containing some SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> .
Changes in skin conductance as a tool to monitor nociceptive stimulation and pain (2008)

The SCA detects nociceptive pain fast and continuously, specific to the individual, with higher sensitivity and specificity than other available objective methods.
Genome-wide estimation of transcript concentrations from spotted cDNA microarray data (2005)

A method providing absolute transcript concentrations from spotted microarray intensity data is presented. Number of transcripts per microg total RNA, mRNA or per cell, are obtained for each gene, enabling comparisons of transcript levels within and between tissues. The method is based on Bayesian statistical modelling incorporating available information about the experiment from target preparation to image analysis, leading to realistically large confidence intervals for estimated concentrations. The method was validated in experiments using transcripts at known concentrations, showing accuracy and reproducibility of estimated concentrations, which were also in excellent agreement with results from quantitative real-time PCR. We determined the concentration for 10,157 genes in cervix cancers and a pool of cancer cell lines and found values in the range of 10(5)-10(10) transcripts per microg total RNA. The precision of our estimates was sufficiently high to detect significant concentration differences between two tumours and between different genes within the same tumour, comparisons that are not possible with standard intensity ratios. Our method can be used to explore the regulation of pathways and to develop individualized therapies, based on absolute transcript concentrations. It can be applied broadly, facilitating the construction of the transcriptome, continuously updating it by integrating future data.
A generalized rate change filter architecture (1993)

The generalized rate change finite impulse response (FIR) filter architecture described is based on a cascade of single-stage rate-change filter building blocks and allows the decimation and interpolation factors to be prime numbers while preserving the multistage efficiency. The degenerate cases of a generalized decimator and a generalized interpolator are also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Bacillus subtilis flagellin gene (hag) is transcribed by the sigma 28 form of RNA polymerase (1989)

The Bacillus subtilis gene hag, which codes for the flagellin structural protein, was identified by DNA sequence analysis in a collection of DNA fragments bearing in vitro promoters for the sigma 28 form of RNA polymerase. The hag gene and adjacent regions of the B. subtilis chromosome were restriction mapped, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The hag gene was transcribed at all stages of growth from a single promoter that had sequences in the promoter recognition region characteristic of the consensus sequence for the sigma 28 holoenzyme. Transcription of hag was eliminated by insertion mutations that blocked synthesis of the sigma 28 protein. These findings provide strong support for the previous proposal that the sigma 28 form of RNA polymerase controls transcription of a regulon specifying flagellar, chemotaxis, and motility functions in B. subtilis (J. D. Helmann and M. J. Chamberlin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:6422-6424, 1987). The steady-state levels of hag mRNA increased during exponential growth and peaked as the B. subtilis cells entered the stationary phase. The transcript levels then decreased to zero within 4 h after the onset of sporulation. Hence, sigma 28 RNA polymerase function is temporally regulated.
PCP Design Considerations (2010)

This document summarizes changes from NAT-PMP to support the needs of
a large-scale NAT and support IPv6. This document is for discussion
purposes. It is not intended to be published as an RFC.
Short-pulse rapid-scan stripping voltammetry at a thin mercury film carbon fiber electrode (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTShort-pulse rapid-scan stripping voltammetry at a thin mercury film carbon fiber electrodeJohn P. Sottery and C. William. AndersonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 1, 140–144Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00128a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Next generation software for functional trend analysis (2009)

The FuncAssociate web application is freely available to all users at http://llama.med.harvard.edu/funcassociate.
Novel poly(arylene ether ketone ketone)s synthesized by Friedel-Crafts acylation (1998)

A series of novel poly(arylene ether ketone ketone)s were prepared from two novel oligomers and three different diacid chlorides via Friedel-Crafts polymerization. The oligomers 2,6-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)naphthalene and 5-tert-butyl-1,3-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene were synthesized by Friedel-Crafts acylation of diphenyl ether with 2,6-naphthalenedicarbonyl dichloride and 5-tert-butylisophthaloyl dichloride, respectively, in the presence of AlCl3 as catalyst. Friedel-Crafts polymerization of either of these two novel oligomers with tert-butylisophthaloyl dichloride, isophthaloyl dichloride or 1,6-hexanedioyl dichloride gave six novel PEKK's, having Tg's in the range of 135--180°C, but only the naphthalene-based PEKKs displayed Tm's between 130 and 345°C. PEKK's containing the 5-tert-butylisophthaloyl group are soluble in polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, THF, chloroform etc. Polymer PA1, which has a fully unsubstituted aromatic chain structure, is insoluble in common organic solvents and, moreover, shows polymorphism. Intrinsic viscosities and adhesion behavior of soluble PEKKs were also determined.
A novel method of using a control valve for measurement and control of flow (1999)

The control of flow through a pipe requires mainly three devices-a flowmeter for the measurement of flow, a control valve to control the flow, and a controller. The controller gives an appropriate signal to the control valve depending upon the difference between the measured flow rate and the set flow rate. Conventional flowmeters produce a differential pressure in the flow, which is measured and suitably scaled to get the flow rate. Incidentally, a control valve uses the principle of restricting the area for flow which in turn produces a differential pressure. From the above, it is seen that if a relationship is developed between the differential pressure produced by the control valve and the flow through it, the valve itself could function as a flowmeter also, apart from acting as a control valve. A relationship for this was established based on the equation for control valve capacity (C/sub /spl nu//) for different valve positions. The expression requires knowledge of the differential pressure across the valve, the static pressure, temperature, the valve position, and the C/sub /spl nu//V/sub s/ valve position characteristics in order to measure and control the flow rate. Error analysis is performed for the expression and to suggest means to improve the accuracy level. An iterative approach is necessary in order to obtain a particular flow rate using this method. This necessitates the use of a computer or a processor-based system, similar to present day intelligent controllers, to implement the scheme. A prototype was made in the laboratory using a 50-mm conventional control valve with pneumatic actuator, working as the control valve and flowmeter. An HP data acquisition and control system (DACS), used as the controller, was also used to provide the appropriate output signal to achieve the necessary how control. The unit was calibrated at the air flow laboratory to an accuracy of /spl plusmn/1.5%.
Diester monomers from methyl oleate and proline via tandem hydroaminomethylation‐esterification sequence with homogeneous catalyst recycling using TMS‐technique (2013)

Diesters from renewables are attractive precursors in various polymer applications. In this regard, unsaturated fatty compounds such as methyl oleate are interesting starting materials as it is possible to introduce different functional groups by modifying the double bonds and due to the existing carboxylic moiety. Another interesting class of renewables are amino acids, such as L ‐proline, which provide naturally occurring amino and carboxylic moieties. Combining these two renewables in one reaction sequence consisting of hydroformylation, condensation, hydrogenation (i.e., hydroaminomethylation; HAM) and esterification results in interesting biopolymer‐precursors. In this paper, we present a combination of these four reactions used to functionalize methyl oleate to produce diesters in one pot. These diesters were successfully separated from the catalyst using thermomorphic solvent systems (TMS)‐technique, resulting in minimal leaching of the precious metal rhodium into the product phase. Catalyst recycling was shown for three recycling runs in which the catalyst activity was maintained.
Estimation-based call admission control with delay and loss guarantees in ATM networks (1997)

Call admission control (CAC) has been accepted as a potential solution for supporting a variety of traffic sources demanding different quality of service guarantees in asynchronous transfer mode networks. Basically, CAC is required to consume a minimum of time and space to make call acceptance decisions. In the paper a CAC algorithm is presented based on a novel estimation method, called quasilinear dual-class correlation (QLDC). All heterogeneous traffic calls are initially categorised into various classes. According to the number of calls in each traffic class, QLDC conservatively and precisely estimates the cell delay and cell loss ratio for each traffic class via simple vector multiplication. These vectors are computed in advance from the results of three dual arrival queuing models, M[N1] + I[N2]/D/1/K, M1[N1] + M2[N2]/D/1/K and I1[N1] + I2[N2]/D/1/K, where M and I represent the Bernoulli process and the interrupted Bernoulli process, respectively. Consequently, the authors' QLDC-based CAC, as will be shown, yields low time complexity O(C) (in vector multiplications) and space complexity O(WC2) (in bytes), where C is the total number of traffic classes and W is the total number of aggregate load levels. Numerical examples are also employed to justify that QLDC-based estimated results profoundly agree with simulation results in both the single-node and end-to-end cases.