gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Decision Boundary Annotation with Deep Generative Models (2017)

This paper is on active learning where the goal is to reduce the data annotation burden by interacting with a (human) oracle during training. Standard active learning methods ask the oracle to annotate data samples. Instead, we take a profoundly different approach: we ask for annotations of the decision boundary. We achieve this using a deep generative model to create novel instances along a 1d line. A point on the decision boundary is revealed where the instances change class. Experimentally we show on three data sets that our method can be plugged into other active learning schemes, that human oracles can effectively annotate points on the decision boundary, that our method is robust to annotation noise, and that decision boundary annotations improve over annotating data samples.
Molecular Sieve Science and Technology (1989)

Union Carbide pioneered the synthetic molecular sieve zeolite business, initiating research in 1948, entering the market in 1954, and turning a profit on an annual basis beginning in 1960 with an upfront cost of a little over $7 million. Based on this effort, Union Carbide dominated the field of synthetic molecular sieves for many years. This state-of-the-art volume on zeolite synthesis represents a giant step from 1949, when I first began hydrothermal synthesis studies on zeolites at Union Carbide. Although this chapter is not intended to provide a thorough, historical perspective, it should give readers a view of the atmosphere and the people contributing to the initial development of the field of zeolite synthesis.
Rational Design of a Tetrameric Protein to Enhance Interactions between Self‐Assembled Fibers Gives Molecular Hydrogels (2012)

Styling gels: The fusion protein ULD-TIP-1 (ULD=ubiquitin-like domain, TIP-1=Tax-interacting protein-1) enhances the interactions between self-assembled fibers formed by small molecules bearing a peptide that specifically binds to the ULD-TIP-1. The mechanical properties of the resulting hydrogels (see picture) are tuned by using peptides with different dissociation constants for the protein. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Development of the Industrial Use of Dielectric Heating in the United Kingdom (1982)

In the United Kingdom, RF heating systems have become well established in many industries since their first introduction over forty years ago, Today RF probably accounts for 90% of all dielectric heating applications. The introduction of microwave heating was a later development and, in contrast to RF, applications arc only just becoming established. In the present state of world economy, the need for the wise selection of possible new applications has never been greater, and can be the key to survival and ultimate commercial success for industrial heating equipment suppliers. This paper highlights the development of industrial application of dielectric heating in the UK for RF wood glueing, plastics, preheating, and welding, biscuit baking, textile drying, adhesive and paper drying, microwave preheating and vulcanisation of rubber, microwave tempering of meat and other food processing applications.
Pragmatic two-level coded modulation using Reed-Solomon product codes (2007)

A pragmatic two-level coded modulation scheme based on the direct product of two high-rate single-error-correcting Reed-Solomon (RS) codes is introduced for bandwidthefficient transmission in power-limited systems. The proposed scheme uses a single code/decoder. Data rate flexibility is achieved by simply varying the number of uncoded bits. A simple twostage decoding procedure is described that can operate either on hard- or soft-decisions from the demodulator. A study is carried out in order to optimize the bit-labeling strategy and the minimum Euclidean distance of the code. Simulation results show that the proposed coded modulation scheme exhibits a constant gap to capacity regardless of the cardinality of the signal set. Furthermore this gap can be reduced by considering RS component codes defined over large Galois fields.
Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii subsp. nov., Isolated from Dogs; Bartonella vinsonii subsp. vinsonii; and Emended Description of Bartonella vinsonii (1996)

Two bacterial strains, one isolated from the blood of a dog with valvular endocarditis and one isolated from the blood of a healthy dog, were similar to Bartonella species, as determined by a number of phenotypic criteria, including growth characteristics, biochemical reactions, and cell wall fatty acid composition. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies confirmed that these strains are closely related and belong in the genus Bartonella and that Bartonella vinsonii is their closest relative (the 16S rRNA of isolate 93-C01T [T = type strain] was 99.37% identical to the 16S rRNA of the type strain of B. vinsonii, the 16S rRNA of isolate G7464 was 99.61% identical to the 16S rRNA of the type strain, and the 16S rRNAs of the dog isolates were 99.77% identical to each other). The 16S rRNAs of both strains contained a 12-base insertion that was not present in the 16S rRNA of the type strain of any Bartonella species. DNA relatedness tests revealed that these strains were related at the species level to the type strain of B. vinsonii. They were, however, significantly more closely related to each other than to B. vinsonii. On the basis of their unique 16S rRNA sequence insertion, their preferentially high level of relatedness, and their similar origins (dogs), we believe that strains 93-C01(T) and G7464 should be placed in a separate subspecies of B. vinsonii, for which we propose the name B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii subsp. nov. The type strain of B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii is strain 93-C01 (= ATCC 51672). The description of B. vinsonii is emended to accommodate the new subspecies, and B. vinsonii subsp. vinsonii is described.
Eye Safety Related to Near Infrared Radiation Exposure to Biometric Devices (2011)

Biometrics has become an emerging field of technology due to its intrinsic security features concerning the identification of individuals by means of measurable biological characteristics. Two of the most promising biometric modalities are iris and retina recognition, which primarily use nonionizing radiation in the infrared region. Illumination of the eye is achieved by infrared light emitting diodes (LEDs). Even if few LED sources are capable of causing direct eye damage as they emit incoherent light, there is a growing concern about the possible use of LED arrays that might pose a potential threat. Exposure to intense coherent infrared radiation has been proven to have significant effects on living tissues. The purpose of this study is to explore the biological effects arising from exposing the eye to near infrared radiation with reference to international legislation.
Uniform and fast switching of window-size smectic A liquid crystal panels utilising the field gradient generated at the fringes of patterned electrodes (2016)

A method to enable smectic A (SmA) liquid crystal (LC) devices to switch uniformly and hence fast from the clear state to a scattered state is presented. It will allow the reduction of the switching time for a SmA LC panel of 1 × 1 m2 changing from a clear state to a fully scattered state by more than three orders to a few tens of milliseconds. Experimental results presented here reveal that SmA LC scattering initiates from the nucleated LC defects at the field gradient of the applied electric field usually along the edges of the panel electrode and grows laterally to spread over a panel, which takes a long time if the panel size is large. By patterning the electrodes in use, it is possible to create a large number of field gradient sites near the electrode discontinuities, resulting in a uniform and fast switching over the whole panel and the higher the pattern density the shorter the panel switching time. For the SmA LC panels used here, the ITO transparent electrodes are patterned by laser ablation and photolithography. It is shown that the defect nucleation time is much shorter than the growth time of the scattered region, hence it is possible to use the density of the field gradient sites to control the uniformity and switching time of a panel. Furthermore, the patterned SmA panels have a lower switching voltage than that of the non-patterned ones in general.
Simulating the behavior of MEMS devices: computational methods and needs (1997)

Technologies for fabricating a variety of MEMS devices have developed rapidly, but computational tools that allow engineers to quickly design and optimize these micromachines have not kept pace. Inadequate simulation tools force MEMS designers to resort to physical prototyping. To realistically simulate the behavior of complete micromachines, algorithmic innovation is necessary in several areas.
Loop-Closure Detection Based on 3D Point Cloud Learning for Self-Driving Industry Vehicles. (2019)

Self-driving industry vehicle plays a key role in the industry automation and contributes to resolve the problems of the shortage and increasing cost in manpower. Place recognition and loop-closure detection are main challenges in the localization and navigation tasks, specially when industry vehicles work in large-scale complex environments, such as the logistics warehouse and the port terminal. In this paper, we resolve the loop-closure detection problem by developing a novel 3D point cloud learning network, an active super keyframe selection method and a coarse-to-fine sequence matching strategy. More specifically, we first propose a novel deep neural network to extract a global descriptors from the original large-scale 3D point cloud, then based on which, an environment analysis approach is presented to investigate the feature space distribution of the global descriptors and actively select several super keyframes. Finally, a coarse-to-fine sequence matching strategy, which includes a super keyframe based coarse matching stage and a local sequence matching stage, is presented to ensure the loop-closure detection accuracy and real-time performance simultaneously. The proposed network is evaluated in different datasets and obtains a substantial improvement against the state-of-the-art PointNetVLAD in place recognition tasks. Experiment results on a self-driving industry vehicle validate the effectiveness of the proposed loop-closure detection algorithm.
CTLA-4 Ligation Suppresses CD28-induced NF-κB and AP-1 Activity in Mouse T Cell Blasts (1999)

The effects of cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibody (mAb) activation of CD4<sup>+</sup>/CTLA-4<sup>+</sup> blastoid T cells were studied in an <i>in vitro</i> model system. As previously reported, coligation of CTLA-4 mAb results in suppression of T cell proliferation and cytokine production. The proliferation but not the interleukin 2 (IL-2) production could be restored by addition of exogenous IL-2, suggesting that the inhibitory effect occurred at the level of IL-2 production rather than at the regulation of the IL-2 receptor pathway. To study the effects on nuclear factors critical for T cell activation, we analyzed the levels of the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. These were potently induced in CD3/CD28 mAb-restimulated T cells. In contrast, CTLA-4 ligation strongly suppressed the induction of both transcription factors. The compositions of NF-κB and AP-1 family members were similar, irrespective of stimulation conditions. Analyses of the NF-κB regulator IκB-α revealed similar levels of IκB-α protein in the preparations. However, a reduced phosphorylation of IκB-α in CTLA-4 coengaged T cell blasts compared with T cells ligated with CD3/CD28 was found. Previous studies have concluded that CTLA-4 ligation regulates T cell activation by inhibiting the T cell receptor-mediated signals. However, the present findings propose that the major impact of CTLA-4 ligation is inhibition of signals mediated by CD28.
Single beam acoustic trapping (2009)

A single beam acoustic device, with its relatively simple scheme and low intensity, can trap a single lipid droplet in a manner similar to optical tweezers. Forces in the order of hundreds of nanonewtons direct the droplet toward the beam focus, within the range of hundreds of micrometers. This trapping method, therefore, can be a useful tool for particle manipulation in areas where larger particles or forces are involved.
Magnet asymmetry in reduction of cogging torque for integer slot axial flux permanent magnet motors (2014)

Cogging torque component is one of the key issues in the design of radial and axial gap permanent magnet motors and the geometry and the position of the magnets plays a critical role in this process. This study presents the influence of magnet asymmetry in minimisation of the cogging torque for axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) disc motors. Cogging torque minimisation techniques, such as magnet skewing and magnet shifting or groping are examined in detail by using three‐dimensional finite element analysis with various types of magnet skewing alternatives since the shaping and the positioning magnets are low cost approaches to minimise or eliminate the cogging component. A prototype AFPM disc motor is built with shifted magnets based on the models which are the results validated with the experimental results for the minimum cogging component and the sinusoidal back‐EMF waveform. It is shown in this study that the cogging component in AFPM motors can be practically eliminated by using magnet asymmetry and perfectly sinusoidal back‐EMF can also be obtained even for integer slot/pole/phase motors.
Fluorescence X : de la découverte des rayons de Rontgen aux identités de Tertian (1996)

Le rayonnement de fluorescence X a été observé dès l'année suivant la découverte des rayons X par Röntgen. Mais ce n'est qu'à partir des travaux de Von Laue en 1913 que la spectrométrie par fluorescence X a pris son essor. Des études préliminaires de plusieurs auteurs (Sagnac, Barkla, ...) ont ainsi été confirmées par les travaux de Moseley reliant les raies des spectres X au classement des éléments du tableau de MendeleieE Les fondements de l'analyse qualitative ont alors été posés et il s'ensuivit de nombreuses améliorations technologiques. C'est à partir de la période 1945 - 1955, avec l'apport des goniomètres que la méthode entra dans l'ère de l'analyse industrielle, non seulement par le perfectionnement continuel de l'appareillage mais également par le développement incessant de la théorie de l'émission par fluorescence X. Cette théorie a en effet permis d'aboutir a différents algorithmes de correction des effets de matrice en incluant des coefficients d'influence interéléments. Tertian établit en 1977 une corrélation entre ces coefficients et les équations fondamentales des intensités de fluorescence, dites identités de Tertian. Ces travaux ont permis par la suite, d'appliquer la méthode des coefficients fondamentaux (Broll-Tertian) à l'analyse quantitative et plus récemment de développer les méthodes d'analyse semi-quantitative.
Function Secret Sharing (2016)

Function Secret Sharing (FSS), introduced by Boyle et al. (Eurocrypt 2015), provides a way for additively secret-sharing a function from a given function family F. More concretely, an m-party FSS scheme splits a function f : {0, 1}n -> G, for some abelian group G, into functions f1,...,fm, described by keys k1,...,km, such that f = f1 + ... + fm and every strict subset of the keys hides f. A Distributed Point Function (DPF) is a special case where F is the family of point functions, namely functions f_{a,b} that evaluate to b on the input a and to 0 on all other inputs. FSS schemes are useful for applications that involve privately reading from or writing to distributed databases while minimizing the amount of communication. These include different flavors of private information retrieval (PIR), as well as a recent application of DPF for large-scale anonymous messaging.
The textual critic: Hung‐up on Trivia? (1972)

In this essay the author examines the textual critic's job, his problems, and resulting efforts as he seeks to establish the authenticity of speech texts. Some new textual principles, contrasted with those of written literature, emerge.
A database of German emotional speech (2005)

The article describes a database of emotional speech. Ten actors (5 female and 5 male) simulated the emotions, producing 10 German utterances (5 short and 5 longer sentences) which could be used in everyday communication and are interpretable in all applied emotions. The recordings were taken in an anechoic chamber with high-quality recording equipment. In addition to the sound electro-glottograms were recorded. The speech material comprises about 800 sentences (seven emotions * ten actors * ten sentences + some second versions). The complete database was evaluated in a perception test regarding the recognisability of emotions and their naturalness. Utterances recognised better than 80% and judged as natural by more than 60% of the listeners were phonetically labelled in a narrow transcription with special markers for voice-quality, phonatory and articulatory settings and articulatory features. The database can be accessed by the public via the internet (http://www.expressive-speech.net/emodb/).
Thin-film electroencephalographic electrodes using multi-walled carbon nanotubes are effective for neurosurgery (2014)

Carbon nanotube electrodes may be ideal for neurosurgery.
Coherent Doppler lidar measurements of winds in the weak signal regime (1997)

In the weak signal regime coherent Doppler lidar velocity estimates are characterized by a localized distribution around the true mean velocity and a uniform distribution of random outliers over the velocity search space. The performance of velocity estimators is defined by the standard deviation of the good estimates around the true mean velocity and the fraction of random outliers. The quality of velocity estimates is improved with pulse accumulation. The performance of velocity estimates from two different coherent Doppler lidars in the weak signal regime is compared with the predictions of computer simulations for pulse accumulation from 1 to 100 pulses.
OR-Library: Distributing Test Problems by Electronic Mail (1990)

In this note we present a system (OR-Library) that distributes test problems by electronic mail (e-mail). This system currently has available test problems drawn from a number of different areas of operational research.
Novel Erythromycins from a Recombinant Saccharopolyspora erythraea Strain NRRL 2338 pIG1. I. Fermentation, Isolation and Biological Activity. (1998)

In a previous report, a plasmid, pIG1, which contained the loading domain from the Streptomyces avermitilis polyketide synthase (PKS), promoters from Streptomyces coelicolor and the DEBS1-TE truncated PKS from Saccharopolyspora erythraea, was integrated into the S. erythraea chromosome, effectively replacing the natural erythromycin loading domain with the avermectin loading domain. In this paper, we report the feeding of short-chained fatty acids to this recombinant strain, and its parent, NRRL 2338. Both strains incorporated exogenously supplied fatty acids to produce novel, biologically active, C-13 substituted erythromycins.
The Abuse Potential of Remoxy<sup>®</sup>, an Extended-Release Formulation of Oxycodone, Compared with Immediate- and Extended-Release Oxycodone (2011)

The abuse potential of Remoxy when taken whole or chewed was significantly lower than two comparators with known abuse potential, including oxycodone IR and crushed oxycodone ER, under the fed/fasted conditions tested. Remoxy may be associated with a reduced risk potential for abuse.
Coherent transients excited by subpicosecond pulses of terahertz radiation (1991)

Using a newly developed optoelectronic source of well-collimated beams of subpicosecond pulses of terahertz radiation to excite a N2O vapor cell, we have observed the subsequent emission from the vapor of a coherent pulse train extending as long as 1 ns. The individual subpicosecond terahertz pulses of the train are separated by 39.8 ps, corresponding to the frequency separation between adjacent rotational lines of the excited manifold of more than 50 lines. From these observations the coherent relaxation time T2 is obtained as a function of vapor pressure, even for the case of overlapping lines. In addition, from the pulse repetition rate in the train the frequency separation between the rotational lines is determined. Finally, from the changing individual pulse shapes in the train the anharmonicity factor for the N2O molecule is evaluated.
An enhancer/locus control region is not sufficient to open chromatin. (1993)

To study the way in which an enhancer/locus control region (LCR) activates chromatin, we examined transgenic mice carrying various combinations of the chicken beta A-globin gene coding region, promoter, and 3' enhancer/LCR. We compared lines carrying only the coding region and enhancer R (E) and only the coding region and promoter (P) with those containing all three elements (PE). We have shown previously that all PE mice transcribe the transgene in a copy number-dependent manner while the P mice do not express their transgene. In the current study, we examined chromatin activation by monitoring formation of erythroid-specific hypersensitive sites at the promoter and enhancer. We found that all of the PE lines but none of the P lines show hypersensitivity. In contrast, only three of six E lines are hypersensitive (two strongly and one weakly), demonstrating position dependence of this transgene. The two E lines with strong hypersensitive sites were found also to have RNA complementary to the transgene, presumably starting from an adjacent adventitious mouse promoter. In all of these lines, we found a correlation between erythroid-specific hypersensitivity and erythroid-specific general DNase I sensitivity, an indicator of regional chromatin activation. The results support a mutual interaction model for the mechanism of chromatin opening by LCRs in which the enhancer/LCR and promoter must cooperate in order to generate open chromatin. The data are not consistent with a dominant enhancer model in which the enhancer/LCR can open chromatin autonomously.
Data-driven elastic models for cloth (2011)

Cloth often has complicated nonlinear, anisotropic elastic behavior due to its woven pattern and fiber properties. However, most current cloth simulation techniques simply use linear and isotropic elastic models with manually selected stiffness parameters. Such simple simulations do not allow differentiating the behavior of distinct cloth materials such as silk or denim, and they cannot model most materials with fidelity to their real-world counterparts. In this paper, we present a data-driven technique to more realistically animate cloth. We propose a piecewise linear elastic model that is a good approximation to nonlinear, anisotropic stretching and bending behaviors of various materials. We develop new measurement techniques for studying the elastic deformations for both stretching and bending in real cloth samples. Our setup is easy and inexpensive to construct, and the parameters of our model can be fit to observed data with a well-posed optimization procedure. We have measured a database of ten different cloth materials, each of which exhibits distinctive elastic behaviors. These measurements can be used in most cloth simulation systems to create natural and realistic clothing wrinkles and shapes, for a range of different materials.