gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elucidating gigahertz acoustic modulation of extraordinary optical transmission through a two-dimensional array of nano-holes (2017)

The ultrafast modulation of light transmitted by a metamaterial making up an extraordinary optical transmission geometry is investigated by means of optical pump-probe spectroscopy. Using a sample consisting of a lattice of square nano-holes in a gold film on a glass substrate, we monitor the high-frequency oscillations in the intensity of transmitted infrared light. A variety of gigahertz acoustic modes, involving the opening and shutting motion of the holes as well as the straining of the glass substrate below the holes, are revealed to be active in the optical modulation. Numerical simulations of the transient deformations and strain fields elucidate the nature of the vibrational modes contributing most strongly to the variations in optical transmission, and point to the hole-area modulation as the dominant effect. Potential applications include ultrafast acousto-optic modulators.
Machine Learning in Medicine (2015)

Spurred by advances in processing power, memory, storage, and an unprecedented wealth of data, computers are being asked to tackle increasingly complex learning tasks, often with astonishing success. Computers have now mastered a popular variant of poker, learned the laws of physics from experimental data, and become experts in video games - tasks that would have been deemed impossible not too long ago. In parallel, the number of companies centered on applying complex data analysis to varying industries has exploded, and it is thus unsurprising that some analytic companies are turning attention to problems in health care. The purpose of this review is to explore what problems in medicine might benefit from such learning approaches and use examples from the literature to introduce basic concepts in machine learning. It is important to note that seemingly large enough medical data sets and adequate learning algorithms have been available for many decades, and yet, although there are thousands of papers applying machine learning algorithms to medical data, very few have contributed meaningfully to clinical care. This lack of impact stands in stark contrast to the enormous relevance of machine learning to many other industries. Thus, part of my effort will be to identify what obstacles there may be to changing the practice of medicine through statistical learning approaches, and discuss how these might be overcome.
The Case for Higher Computational Density in the Memory-Bound FDTD Method within Multicore Environments (2012)

It is argued here that more accurate though more compute-intensive alternate algorithms to certain computational methods which are deemed too inefficient and wasteful when implemented within serial codes can be more efficient and cost-effective when implemented in parallel codes designed to run on today's multicore and many-core environments. This argument is most germane to methods that involve large data sets with relatively limited computational density—in other words, algorithms with small ratios of floating point operations to memory accesses. The examples chosen here to support this argument represent a variety of high-order finite-difference time-domain algorithms. It will be demonstrated that a three- to eightfold increase in floating-point operations due to higher-order finite-differences will translate to only two- to threefold increases in actual run times using either graphical or central processing units of today. It is hoped that this argument will convince researchers to revisit certain numerical techniques that have long been shelved and reevaluate them for multicore usability.
Long-distance movement factor: a transport function of the potyvirus helper component proteinase. (1995)

Transport of viruses from cell to cell in plants typically involves one or more viral proteins that supply dedicated movement functions. Transport from leaf to leaf through phloem, or long-distance transport, is a poorly understood process with requirements differing from those of cell-to-cell movement. Through genetic analysis of tobacco etch virus (TEV; potyvirus group), a novel long-distance movement factor was identified that facilitates vascular-associated movement in tobacco. A mutation in the central region of the helper component proteinase (HC-Pro), a TEV-encoded protein with previously described activities in aphid-mediated transmission and polyprotein processing, inactivated long-distance movement. This mutant virus exhibited only minor defects in genome amplification and cell-to-cell movement functions. In situ histochemical analysis revealed that the mutant was capable of infecting mesophyll, bundle sheath, and phloem cells within inoculated leaves, suggesting that the long-distance movement block was associated with entry into or exit from sieve elements. The long-distance movement defect was specifically complemented by HC-Pro supplied in trans by a transgenic host. The data indicate that HC-Pro functions in one or more steps unique to long-distance transport.
Safety of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (1993)

The current position of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in neurology is similar to that of plasmapheresis 10 years ago. Therapeutic claims have been made for an increasing number of neurologic disorders, based on small, uncontrolled studies. With the recent publication of a controlled trial of IVIG treatment in Guillain-Barré syndrome,<sup>1</sup>and trials in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and inflammatory myopathy in progress or nearing completion, increasing use of IVIG by neurologists can be expected. A major factor fueling the current interest in IVIG is its relative safety. It is regarded by some as "virtually riskless."<sup>2</sup>Even so, potential toxicity should be considered when evaluating therapeutic claims and prescribing IVIG treatment. Commercial IVIG is human IgG prepared from the pooled plasma of 2000 to 10000 or more donors to maximize the diversity of antibodies of the final product. Because the antibody repertoire of the species is much larger than that
Novel Bicyclic Lactams as XaaPro Type VI β Turn Mimics:  Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation (1996)

The design, enantioselective synthesis, and structural characterization of novel bicyclic lactams as peptide mimics of the type VI beta turn is described. The mimics duplicate the conformation of the backbone and disposition of the side-chain atoms of the central two residues of the turn. The Gly L-Pro mimic, lactam 6, was prepared in good overall yield starting from (S)-2-(2'-propenyl)proline. (1)H NMR spectroscopy defined the relative stereochemistry of the substituents and conformational characteristics of the six-membered ring of the lactam; X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed the conformational and stereochemical assignment. Examination of the crystal structure of lactam 6 revealed that the central amide bond was twisted appreciably out of planarity. The twisting of the amide bond was attributed to angle strain resulting from the presence of the sp(2)-hybridized nitrogen atom at the junction of the two rings. Alkylation of the enolate of the N,N-dimethylformamidine derivative of lactam 6 with benzyl bromide afforded stereoselectively the formamidine 11, a mimic of an L-Phe L-Pro dipeptide in the type VI turn conformation. The efficient synthetic route to highly functionalized peptidomimetics such as 11 will prove highly useful in peptide structure-function studies.
Microwave passive and antenna components (1989)

Transmission Lines. Transmission--Line Discontinuities. Filters, Hybrids and Couplers, Power Combiners, and Matching Networks. Cavities and Resonators. Ferrite Control Components. Microwave Surface Acoustic Wave Devices. Quasi--Optical Techniques. Components for Surveillance and Electronic Warfare Receivers. Microwave Measurements. Antennas I: Fundamental and Numerical Methods. Antennas II: Reflector, Lens, Horn, and Other Microwave Antennas of Conventional Configuration. Antennas III: Array, Millimeter Wave, and Integrated Antennas. Antennas IV: Microstrip Antennas. Index.
The prolactin gene is expressed in the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system and the protein is processed into a 14-kDa fragment with activity like 16-kDa prolactin. (1994)

The 23-kDa form of prolactin (PRL) has been proposed to function as both a mature hormone and a prohormone precursor for different uniquely bioactive forms of the molecule. We have shown that the 16-kDa N-terminal fragment of PRL (16K PRL) inhibits angiogenesis via a specific receptor. In addition, 16K PRL stimulates natriuresis and diuresis in the rat, and kidney membranes contain high-affinity specific binding sites for this PRL fragment. 16K PRL can be derived from an enzymatically cleaved form of PRL (cleaved PRL). With the use of a specific 16K PRL antiserum, we have localized a 14-kDa immunoreactive protein in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus and in the neurohypophysis. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of RNA from isolated paraventricular nuclei showed the expression of the full-length PRL mRNA. The neurohypophysis was found to contain the enzymes that produce cleaved PRL, small amounts of PRL, and cleaved PRL. Medium conditioned by neurohypophyseal cultures, enriched with the 14-kDa immunoreactive protein, has antiangiogenic effects that are blocked by the 16K PRL antiserum. These results are consistent with the expression of PRL in the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system, and the preferential processing of the protein into a 14-kDa fragment with biological and immunological properties of 16K PRL.
Electron-impact dissociation of carbon monoxide (1993)

The electron-impact dissociation of CO to form C and O atoms is observed in a crossed beam experiment at electron energies between the dissociation threshold (14 eV) and 198.5 eV. The center-of-mass energy released in the dissociation of individual molecules is explicitly measured using a position and time sensitive detector for the correlated neutral fragments. The observed energy release distribution is found to be highly structured, reflecting electron-impact excitation to Rydberg states converging to CO+(X 2Σ+) which predissociate to ground state atoms. Little or no dissociation is observed from states above the first ionization limit. Total electron impact dissociation cross sections, exclusive of dissociative ionization contributions, and partial cross sections for the dissociative excitation of specific CO electronic states are presented.
Coupled dictionaries for thermal to visible face recognition (2014)

Thermal to visible face recognition is the problem of identifying a thermal infrared (IR) face image given a gallery of visible light face images. We attempt to solve this problem by learning coupled dictionaries to represent the two domains. The dictionaries provide a sparse representation which transforms the data into a single, domain-independent, latent space. We formulate the dictionary learning problem as a bi-level optimization problem and perform a stochastic gradient descent on the dictionaries to solve it. We present experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.
Angiogenin inhibits nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor in a Bcl‐2‐dependent manner (2011)

Loss-of-function mutations in angiogenin (ANG) gene were discovered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and ANG has been shown to prevent neuronal death both in vitro and in vivo. The neuro-protective activity of ANG was brought about partially by inhibiting stress-induced apoptosis. ANG attenuates both the extrinsic and the intrinsic apoptotic signals by activating Nf-κb-mediated cell survival pathway and Bcl-2-mediated anti-apoptotic pathway. Here we report that ANG inhibits nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), an important cell death-executing molecule known to play a dominant role in neurodegenerative diseases. ANG inhibits serum withdrawal-induced apoptosis by attenuating a series of Bcl-2-dependent events including caspase-3 activation, poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) cleavage, and AIF nuclear translocation.
STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR LANGUAGE RECOGNITION: AN INTRODUCTION AND GUIDE FOR CRYPTANALYSTS (1993)

We explain how to apply statistical techniques to solve several language-recognition problems that arise in cryptanalysis and other domains. Language recognition is important in cryptanalysis because, among other applications, an exhaustive key search of any cryptosystem from ciphertext alone requires a test that recognizes valid plaintext. Written for cryptanalysts, this guide should also be helpful to others as an introduction to statistical inference on Markov chains. Modeling language as a finite stationary Markov process, we adapt a statistical model of pattern recognition to language recognition. Within this framework we consider four well-defined language-recognition problems: 1) recognizing a known language, 2) distinguishing a known language from uniform noise, 3) distinguishing unknown 0th-order noise from unknown lst-order language, and 4) detecting non-uniform unknown language. For the second problem we give a most powerful test based on the Neyman-Pearson Lemma. For the other problems, which typically have no uniformly most powerful tests, we give likelihood ratio tests. We also discuss the chi-squared test statistic X 2 and the Index of Coincidence IC. In addition, we point out useful works in the statistics and pattern-matching literature for further reading about these fundamental problems and test statistics.
Measurements of acoustic wave velocities and attenuation in marine sediments (1990)

Propagation and attenuation of acoustic waves in fluid-saturated sediments have been studied theoretically and experimentally. In situ acoustic transmission tests in saturated beach sand show that compressional waves are dispersive within a certain frequency band where the intrinsic attenuation is maximum. This indicates that low-frequency wave velocities in marine sediments are at least 5% to 10% less than the velocities obtained from high-frequency measurements, and viscous damping, due to the relative motion between solid skeleton and fluid, is the main damping mechanism in the frequency range of 1–30 kHz. The agreement between the experimental results and Biot’s theory enables the remote determination of porosity and permeability of marine sediments by using measured compressional and shear wave characteristics. Approximate relations are used to determine the porosity and permeability of the marine sediments using the measured acoustic wave velocities and attenuation.
Regulation of α5β1 integrin conformation and function by urokinase receptor binding (2005)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptors (uPARs), up-regulated during tumor progression, associate with beta1 integrins, localizing urokinase to sites of cell attachment. Binding of uPAR to the beta-propeller of alpha3beta1 empowers vitronectin adhesion by this integrin. How uPAR modifies other beta1 integrins remains unknown. Using recombinant proteins, we found uPAR directly binds alpha5beta1 and rather than blocking, renders fibronectin (Fn) binding by alpha5beta1 Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) resistant. This resulted from RGD-independent binding of alpha5beta1-uPAR to Fn type III repeats 12-15 in addition to type III repeats 9-11 bound by alpha5beta1. Suppression of endogenous uPAR by small interfering RNA in tumor cells promoted weaker, RGD-sensitive Fn adhesion and altered overall alpha5beta1 conformation. A beta1 peptide (res 224NLDSPEGGF232) that models near the known alpha-chain uPAR-binding region, or a beta1-chain Ser227Ala point mutation, abrogated effects of uPAR on alpha5beta1. Direct binding and regulation of alpha5beta1 by uPAR implies a modified "bent" integrin conformation can function in an alternative activation state with this and possibly other cis-acting membrane ligands.
CdS ‐ Cu2 S  Solar Cells Fabricated on Cd2SnO4 ‐ Silica Substrates (1976)

Cadmium stannate films of 1Ω per square sheet resistance and 85% average transmissivity (500–650 nm) have been grown by means of rf sputtering onto silica substrates. thin film solar cells with conversion efficiencies greater than 5% for front and rear illumination have been fabricated. The reflection of transmitted light back through the cell has increased the light generated current. Fabrication techniques are described and current‐voltage and spectral response measurements are presented for frontwall and backwall modes of operation.
Evaluation and Selection of Aggregate Gradations for Asphalt Mixtures Using Superpave (1997)

The design of asphalt mixtures is a complex process that requires the proper proportioning of materials to satisfy mixture volumetric and mechanical properties. The majority of time spent in the mix design process is used in evaluating and selecting aggregate gradations to meet project requirements. The latest set of requirements for asphalt mixtures is the Superpave system, developed during the Strategic Highway Research Program. This system incorporates materials selection, evaluation of trial aggregate structures, selection of design asphalt binder content, moisture sensitivity, and, in some cases, determination of performance properties of the selected asphalt-aggregate blend. The selection of a design aggregate structure reduces to selecting an aggregate gradation that will meet minimum volumetric and densification criteria, and selecting an aggregate structure that will provide adequate resistance to permanent deformation, fatigue, and thermal cracking. In the Superpave volumetric mix design process, achieving voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) is the most difficult task facing the mix designer. One phase of this evaluation focuses on providing Guidelines to achieve VMA requirements with Superpave mix designs. This phase was accomplished by evaluating the existing database of information on Superpave mix designs at the Asphalt Institute. The second phase examines the relationship between properties determined during the Superpave volumetric mix design process, and material properties determined by mix analysis tests.
Using cloud solution for medical image processing: Issues and implementation efforts (2017)

In the healthcare field, medical image processing through cloud computing is a promising technology. In fact, it allows healthcare professionals to process and analyze medical images using remote cloud resources. Furthermore, it provides cost-efficient software as a service, which realizes important cost savings associated with exploiting the local data center and hiring IT staff. Thus, it dramatically decreases the costs of providing medical services. Moreover, this new paradigm allows collaboration between healthcare practitioners. Despite its multiple advantages, shifting to this new paradigm faces various challenges: technical, legal and managerial. Recently, the healthcare sector has been interested in migrating to this technology to improve the quality of medical care. In this study, we provide a deeper insight into the challenges hindering the adoption of this technology. Then, we analyze and compare the current status of the cloud-based medical image processing implementations with security requirements. Moreover, future research directions related to security and performance are outlined in this paper.
Broadband CPN demonstrator using wavelength and time division multiplexing (1992)

RACE Project 1036 is developing the technology for a broadband customer premises network (CPN) using wavelength and time division multiplexing (WTDM). Features include close wavelength spacing (4 nm in the 1500 nm band), high-speed time multiplexing (2.5 Gbit/s, STM-16), and a layered control protocol. An initial demonstrator with two wavelengths carrying TV signals at 155 Mbit/s was exhibited in the autumn of 1990 and is now evolving into the final demonstrator due at the end of 1992 which will show 16 wavelengths and a 2.5 Gbit/s multiplex of HDTV, TV, and sound. The paper describes the devices made in the Project, the demonstrators, and the performance results achieved so far.
Molecular Cloning of Apobec-1 Complementation Factor, a Novel RNA-Binding Protein Involved in the Editing of Apolipoprotein B mRNA (2000)

The C-to-U editing of apolipoprotein B (apo-B) mRNA is catalyzed by a multiprotein complex that recognizes an 11-nucleotide mooring sequence downstream of the editing site. The catalytic subunit of the editing enzyme, apobec-1, has cytidine deaminase activity but requires additional unidentified proteins to edit apo-B mRNA. We purified a 65-kDa protein that functionally complements apobec-1 and obtained peptide sequence information which was used in molecular cloning experiments. The apobec-1 complementation factor (ACF) cDNA encodes a novel 64.3-kDa protein that contains three nonidentical RNA recognition motifs. ACF and apobec-1 comprise the minimal protein requirements for apo-B mRNA editing in vitro. By UV cross-linking and immunoprecipitation, we show that ACF binds to apo-B mRNA in vitro and in vivo. Cross-linking of ACF is not competed by RNAs with mutations in the mooring sequence. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments identified an ACF-apobec-1 complex in transfected cells. Immunodepletion of ACF from rat liver extracts abolished editing activity. The immunoprecipitated complexes contained a functional holoenzyme. Our results support a model of the editing enzyme in which ACF binds to the mooring sequence in apo-B mRNA and docks apobec-1 to deaminate its target cytidine. The fact that ACF is widely expressed in human tissues that lack apobec-1 and apo-B mRNA suggests that ACF may be involved in other RNA editing or RNA processing events.
Capsaicin‐mediated selective afferent renal nerve denervation: effects on intrarenal responses to bradykinin and adenosine in conscious Sprague‐Dawley rats (687.2) (2014)

Aim: It has been reported that capsaicin evokes selective denervation of the renal afferent nerves in rats as confirmed by IHC. We assessed the efficacy of capsaicin‐mediated afferent denervation in preventing the physiological responses to activation of the renal afferent nerves. Methods: Conscious Sprague‐Dawley rats implanted with an ICV cannula, having undergone sham (S) or renal afferent nerve denervation (ADNX) (capsaicin 33mM), received IV and IR infusions of bradykinin (BK) (5‐40 μg/kg/min) and adenosine (A) (2‐12 μg/min). All animals then received ICV guanabenz (50ug) (N=4/gp). HR, MAP and sodium excretion were continuously monitored. Results : IR BK dose‐dependently increased MAP and HR in sham animals and had no effect on MAP or HR in ADNX rats (BK 40 μg/kg/min; peak ΔHR [bpm] S +61±8 vs ADNX ‐5±3, P<0.05; peak ΔMAP [mmHg] S +19±3 vs ADNX +0.6±2, P<0.0.5). IV BK did not alter MAP or HR at any dose tested in S or ADNX rats. IR, but not IV, adenosine evoked a dose‐dependent increase in natriuresis in sham animals, a response that was abolished following ADNX (A 12 μg/min; peak ΔUNaV [ueq/min] S +18.7±3 vs ADNX +2±0.4, P<0.05). In both sham and ADNX rats, ICV guanabenz evoked profound bradycardia, hypotension and natriuresis (guanabenz 50 μg; peak ΔUNaV [μeq/min] S +13.4±1 vs ADNX +12.8±1). Conclusion: These data provide compelling evidence that the recently described technique of capsaicin mediated afferent renal denervation prevents the physiological responses to intrarenal administration of established activators of the renal afferent nerves. Further, central α 2 ‐adrenoceptor activation evoked a profound natriuretic response mediated by suppression of efferent nerve activity in sham and ADNX rats. This indicates the presence of viable and functional renal efferent nerves following ADNX. Collectively these data demonstrate it possible to selectively denervate renal afferent nerves without affecting the function of the renal efferent nerves. Grant Funding Source : Support by R01HL107330 & K02HL112718A1
Advances in 40G electronic equalizers (2007)

Progress in LSI technologies and circuit techniques has led to 40-Gbit/s electronic equalizers. A new InP-HBT decision-feedback-equalizer IC using a circuit technique that boosts speed exhibits good performance at 40 Gbit/s.