gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Der Verlauf der kathodischen Reduktion von Trichlornitromethan (1949)

Abstract Bei der kathodischen Reduktion von Trichlornitromethan konnten als Reaktionsprodukte bisher nur Methylhydroxylamin und Methylamin festgestellt werden. Durch das Auffinden geeigneter Versuchsbedingungen hinsichtlich der Elektrolytzusammensetzung, des Materials und der Art der Elektroden sowie der Temperatur gelang es als erstes Reduktionsprodukt das Trichlornitrosomethan zu isolieren. Dieses wird zu Dichlornitrosomethan weiter reduziert, das sich sofort in Dichlorformoxim umlagert. Dichlorformoxim läßt sich bei Einhaltung optimaler Versuchsbedingungen zu 65% der theoretischen Materialausbeute gewinnen. Dies wird erreicht, wenn als Lösungsmittel für das zu reduzierende Trichlornitromethan eine 35% Schwefelsäure und 65% Äthylalkohol enthaltende Lösung, als Kathode eine Schlange aus Zinnrohr angewandt wird, die von einer Kühlflüssigkeit durchströmt wird, so daß die Temperatur an der Kathode unter + 5° C bleibt, und wenn nicht mehr als höchstens 75% der theoretisch zur Überführung von Trichlornitromethan in Dichlorformoxim erforderlichen Strommenge angewandt werden. Aus äußeren Gründen war es uns bisher noch nicht möglich, unsere schon begonnenen Untersuchungen über die Isolierung der noch zu erwartenden Zwischenprodukte Dichlormethyldroxylamin und Monochlormethylhydroxylamin auszuführen, die auf dem Wege zum Methylhydrosylamin und Methylamin auftreten müssen. Die kathodische Reduktion des Trichlornitromethans nimmt also bei geeigneten Versuchsbedingungen folgenden Verlauf: magnified image
Characterization and electrochemistry of manganese(III) complexes containing pentadentate ligands (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization and electrochemistry of manganese(III) complexes containing pentadentate ligandsW. M. Coleman, R. K. Boggess, J. W. Hughes, and L. T. TaylorCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 4, 1253–1258Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50218a057Request reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (639 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microscope Objectives For Semiconductor Technology (1989)

During the past ten years the highest requirements for an overall optical performance of microscope objectives have come from the semiconductor industry. The applications in the optical inspection and metrology of masks and wafers called for special lenses with long working distances and lenses with high magnification and high numerical aperture. Not only is the correction of image aberrations of importance, but among other features also the reduction of internal reflections and the autofocus capability. The performance of the latest generation of microscope objectives is demonstrated in comparison with older designs. While monochromatic image aberrations of modern lenses are negligible with regard to diffraction, the polychromatic correction is still a challenging task and defines the limitations in image quality. But even in this respect the newly developed Wild Leitz lens PL APO 100x/0.95 demonstrates that the physical limits have been reached both in design and manufacturing.
Involvement of P1 Adhesin in Gliding Motility of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> as Revealed by the Inhibitory Effects of Antibody under Optimized Gliding Conditions (2005)

To examine the participation of P1 adhesin in gliding of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, we examined the effects of an anti-P1 monoclonal antibody on individual gliding mycoplasmas. The antibody reduced the gliding speed and removed the gliding cells from the glass over time in a concentration-dependent manner but had only a slight effect on nongliding cells, suggesting that the conformational changes of P1 adhesin and its displacement are involved in the gliding mechanism.
Thinking about Bribery (2017)

Bribery is perhaps the most visible and most frequently studied form of corruption. Very little research, however, examines the individual decision to offer or accept a bribe, or how understanding that decision can help to effectively control bribery. This book brings together research by scholars from a variety of disciplines studying the mind and morality, who use their research to explain how and why decisions regarding participation in bribery are made. It first examines bribery from the perspective of brain structure, then approaches the decision to engage in bribery from a cognitive perspective. It examines the psychological costs imposed on a person who engages in bribery, and studies societal and organizational norms and their impact on bribery. This is an ideal read for scholars and other interested persons studying business ethics, bribery and corruption, corruption control, and the applications of neuroscience in a business environment.
Capacitation status and fertility of fresh and frozen–thawed ram spermatozoa (1997)

The effect of cryopreservation on the capacitation status and fertility of ram spermatozoa was observed. After the chlortetracycline staining technique was validated for ram spermatozoa, it was applied to fresh or long-term frozen-stored spermatozoa. Fresh spermatozoa displayed mainly the F pattern (non-capacitated; 61.3%), becoming B pattern (capacitated; 54%) and AR pattern (acrosome reacted; 41%) with incubation (6 h at 37 degrees C). In contrast, frozen spermatozoa displayed the B pattern (65.9%), becoming the AR pattern (64.2%) with incubation. This demonstrates that cryopreservation may cause membrane changes in ram spermatozoa functionally equivalent to capacitation. The differences in capacitation status did not affect in vitro fertilization rates between fresh and frozen spermatozoa, but pregnancy rates at Day 18 after intrauterine artificial insemination were higher for fresh than for frozen spermatozoa. This difference was not evident at Day 50, possibly as a result of the high embryonic loss between Days 18 and 50 when fresh unincubated and frozen incubated spermatozoa were inseminated. Further research is necessary to determine what part of the cryopreservation process is responsible for the membrane changes in ram spermatozoa.
Antigenic Relatedness between <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> and <i>Burkholderia mallei</i> (2002)

Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are causative agents of distinct diseases, namely, melioidosis and glanders, respectively. The two species are very closely related, based on DNA-DNA homology, base sequence of the 16S rRNA, and phenotypic characteristics. Based on the use of polyclonal antisera, B. pseudomallei and B. mallei are also found to be antigenically closely related to one another. We previously reported the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against B. pseudomallei antigens; one group was specific for the 200-kDa exopolysaccharide present on the surface of all B. pseudomallei isolates, and the other was specific for the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure present on more than 95% of the B. pseudomallei tested. In the present study, we showed that the MAbs against 200-kDa antigen of B. pseudomallei cross-reacted with a component present also in some B. mallei isolates (3/6), but the positive immunoblot reaction was noted below the 200-kDa position. On the other hand, none of the six B. mallei isolates reacted with the MAb specific for B. pseudomallei LPS. It was of interest to observe that only the 3 exopolysaccharide-positive B. mallei isolates reacted with a commercial MAb against B. mallei LPS. The data presented suggest that B. mallei can be classified antigenically into two types based on their reactivities with different MAbs, i.e., the presence or absence of exopolysaccharide and the types of lipopolysaccharide. The heterogeneity of the LPS from these two closely related organisms is most likely related to the differences in its O-polysaccharide side chain.
Chemosenses, Aging, and Oropharyngeal Dysphagia (2007)

Older individuals with dysphagia often complain about the taste of recommended diets. This review article examines current knowledge of how normal aging affects the chemical senses of taste and smell, effects of acquired neurogenic disease/injury and cancer, and results of swallowing research using chemosensory stimuli. Although research into how the chemosenses can play a role in oropharyngeal dysphagia rehabilitation is still in its infancy, a high concentration of citric acid (unpalatable sour bolus) has consistently evoked improved swallowing behaviors. Chemosensory techniques to elicit normal swallowing behaviors and improve diet acceptance are discussed for use with individuals with oropharyngeal dysphagia.
Flow Control in the Context of the Multiplexed Transport Protocol QUIC (2020)

QUIC is a novel transport protocol developed to solve some of the well-known problems in Internet data transfer. QUIC can separately manage data of multiple distinct flows (streams) within a QUIC connection. In contrast to other protocols, like e.g. SCTP, it also uses data Flow Control (FC) on the stream as well as the connection level. The QUIC FC uses a credit-based scheme on both levels. In order to evaluate the QUIC performance in detail, we implemented a QUIC simulation model featuring Congestion Control (CC) and FC according to the current standard [11]. During our evaluation, we observed suboptimal behavior of the credit-based FC algorithm, resulting in a significant degradation of the throughput of the entire connection and the goodput of each stream in the QUIC data transfer. In this paper, we propose some modifications to the credit-based FC scheme and show by means of simulation that these modifications completely mitigate the issues and enable achieving the optimum performance in FC-limited scenarios. We further show that the improved FC correctly cooperates with Congestion Control and Retransmission mechanisms and has no negative impact on the protocol performance in cases where the latter mechanisms dominate the protocol behavior.
An Essential Role of Human Ada3 in p53 Acetylation (2007)

The p53 tumor suppressor protein functions as a critical component of genotoxic stress response by regulating the expression of effector gene products that control the fate of a cell following DNA damage. Unstressed cells maintain p53 at low levels through regulated degradation, and p53 levels and activity are rapidly elevated upon genotoxic stress. Biochemical mechanisms that control the levels and activity of p53 are therefore of great interest. We and others have recently identified hAda3 (human homologue of yeast alteration/deficiency in activation 3) as a p53-interacting protein and enhancer of p53 activity. Here, we show that endogenous levels of p53 and Ada3 interact with each other, and by using inducible overexpression and short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown strategies we demonstrate that hAda3 stabilizes p53 protein by promoting its acetylation. Use of a p53 mutant with mutations of known p300/CREB-binding protein acetylation sites demonstrated that hAda3-dependent acetylation is required for increase in p53 stability and target gene induction. Importantly, we demonstrate that endogenous hAda3 is essential for DNA damage-induced acetylation and stabilization of p53 as well as p53 target gene induction. Overall, our results establish hAda3, a component of coactivator complexes that include histone acetyltransferase p300/CREB-binding protein, as a critical mediator of acetylation-dependent stabilization and activation of p53 upon genotoxic stress in mammalian cells.
Molecular Aspects of Platinum-DNA Interactions (1993)

The intracellular chemistry and biological processing of platinum anticancer drugs have been subjects of interest following the discovery of antitumour activity for cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP, or cisplatin, Figure 5.1) (Rosenberg et al. 1965). Although several analogous platinum compounds have received FDA approval in the USA or are in clinical trials (see next chapter), a greater understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of platinum anticancer drugs is essential for the rational design of compounds with broader therapeutic specificity and reduced side-effects. At present, cisplatin is used in the USA for the treatment of metastatic testicular tumours, metastatic ovarian tumours, various head and neck tumours, and advanced bladder cancer. It is particularly effective against testicular cancer, which is the most common form of the disease among males in the 21- to 35-year-old age group. The orderly development of cis-DDP-based combination chemotherapy regimens has led to a present cure rate for testis cancer of approximately 95 per cent (Fox and Loehrer, 1991).
A Comparison of the Lookup Table and On-The-Fly Calculation Methods for the Beamforming Control Unit (2008)

Modern diagnostic ultrasound beamformers require extensive delay information for the focusing of each focal point along the image lines. For a typical beamforming system with dynamic delays, the beamforming control unit is used to calculate the delay information and generate instant delay profiles in order to achieve dynamic focusing beamforming. In this study, the beamforming control unit targeted at a home-based portable delta-sigma oversampled ultrasound beamforming setup was developed. The beamforming principle for 1-D linear transducer array with dynamic aperture was exploited, and three delay generation methods including complete lookup table, compressed lookup table with delta encoding and general parametric algorithm were investigated, implemented and synthesized using VHDL for a FPGA device Spartan-3E XC3S500E. A comparison was performed among the three delay generation methods on their performances in terms of overall logic resource usage and power consumption.
Intestinal worms and human allergy (2004)

The immunoepidemiological interactions between intestinal worm (or geohelminth) infections and allergy are of great interest to parasitologists, immunologists, and allergists because of the close similarities between the human immune response to geohelminth parasites and environmental allergens. Allergic diseases appear to be most rare in populations living in the rural tropics with high rates of infection with geohelminth parasites, and this has led to suggestions that the relationship between geohelminth infections and allergy may be causal. Allergic sensitization and disease results from a complex interaction between environmental exposures and genetic background, and the numerous epidemiological studies that have investigated the relationship between allergy and geohelminth infections have provided conflicting findings. The strongest epidemiological evidence for a causal association is provided by intervention studies that demonstrate evidence for an effect of anthelmintic treatment on atopy or asthma risk. There is evidence also for an inverse relationship between geohelminth infection and either atopy or asthma symptoms from cross-sectional studies that have been conducted in areas of high infection prevalence. Chronic geohelminth infections could affect allergy risk by modulation of the immune response to environmental allergens, and an area of great research activity at present is the investigation of the role of regulatory T cells in modulating host inflammatory responses. However, a causal association between geohelminth infections and allergy remains to be proven, and prospective and intervention studies are required that investigate the development of allergy in early life at a time when humans are first exposed to geohelminth parasites and their antigens.
Comparative evaluation of within-cultivar variation of rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>L.) using microsatellite and RFLP markers (1997)

The objective of this study was to determine an efficient way of detecting within-cultivar variation in rice varieties obtained from national and international germplasm collections. Seventy-one rice cultivars were evaluated for within-cultivar variation using a combination of phenotypic, RFLP, and microsatellite or simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP). Variation between individuals within and accession and between duplicate accessions within a cultivar was detected even in cultivars that had been purified by phenotypic evaluation. Landrace cultivars were more heterogeneous and displayed a larger number of both RFLP and SSLP alleles than did modern cultivars. Microsatellite markers detected a greater number of alleles and were able to discriminate between even closely related individuals more efficiently than RFLPs. Some microsatellite markers were more informative than others for assessing genetic diversity. Single markers revealed 5.6-61.1% of the total variation detected by the 10 SSLP markers. Some marker combinations were complementary, providing more information than others. Several combinations of 4 SSLP markers detected as much as 94% of the total within-cultivar variation detected by the 10 SSLP markers. These results suggest that the use of four well-chosen microsatellites would be an efficient method for evaluating the heterogeneity of rice accessions.
Evaluation of Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC) for Rapid Detection of<i>Clostridium Difficile</i>in Fecal Specimens. (1995)

Clostridium difficile intestinal infection is a major nosocomial hazard in patients receiving antimicrobial therapy. Rationale for rapid diagnosis include lifesaving antimicrobial therapy in patients with severe colitis and early isolation measures for transmission control. We have therefore analysed the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of GLC identification of isocaproic acid in diarrheic stools from adult hospitalized patients in comparison with selective fecal culture on Cycloserine Cefoxitin Fructose Agar. During the study period, the prevalence of positive culture for C. difficile was 38/595 fecal specimens (6.4%). Compared with culture, GLC had a sensitivity of 24/38 (63%) and a specificity of 524/557 (94%). The predictive value of a positive GLC was 24/57 (42%) and of a negative GLC was 524/538 (97%). Measurement of the isocaproic acid peak height did not allow determination of a cutt-off value improving the test accuracy. The sensitivity of detection of isocaproic acid in stools by GLC is too low to be used as screening test for C. difficile infection. However, in a low prevalence population, a positive GLC test increased the pre-test probability of infection sevenfold.
SUPERMAN attenuates positive<i>INNER NO OUTER</i>autoregulation to maintain polar development of<i>Arabidopsis</i>ovule outer integuments (2002)

The outer integument of Arabidopsis ovules exhibits marked polarity in its development, growing extensively from the abaxial side, but only to a very limited extent from the adaxial side of the ovule. Mutations in two genes affect this asymmetric growth. In strong inner no outer (ino) mutants outer integument growth is eliminated, whereas in superman (sup) mutants integument growth on the adaxial side is nearly equal to wild-type growth on the abaxial side. Through complementation and reporter gene analysis, a region of INO 5'-flanking sequences was identified that contains sufficient information for appropriate expression of INO. Using this INO promoter (P-INO) we show that INO acts as a positive regulator of transcription from P-INO, but is not sufficient for de novo initiation of transcription in other plant parts. Protein fusions demonstrate nuclear localization of INO, consistent with a proposed role as a transcription factor for this member of the YABBY protein family. Through its ability to inhibit expression of the endogenous INO gene and transgenes driven by P-INO, SUP is shown to be a negative regulator of INO transcription. Substitution of another YABBY protein coding region (CRABS CLAW) for INO overcomes this negative regulation, indicating that SUP suppresses INO transcription through attenuation of the INO positive autoregulatory loop.
Fast periodic steady-state analysis for large-signal electronic circuits (1973)

It is shown that current computer-aided circuit analysis programs that are capable of the transient analysis of nonlinear circuits can be modified to include the determination of the periodic steady-state response of large-signal electronic circuits such as class C amplifiers, frequency multipliers, parametric circuits, and oscillators. With this modification only a portion of the transient response is computed, then a Newton iterative technique is used to find the periodic state of the circuit from which the periodic response can be found by a numerical integration over one period. This technique is especially valuable for analyzing high Q circuits and for design purposes where fast analysis is essential.
Home-based Music Strategies with Individuals who have Dementia and their Family Caregivers (2011)

The purpose of this exploratory study was to test a caregiver-administered music program with family members who have dementia. The music protocol was designed to reduce distress and enhance satisfaction with caregiving, while offering the person with dementia the potential to improve mood and psychological state. Fourteen elders with dementia and their family caregivers were recruited, and 8 completed the protocol. Both caregivers and care recipients improved self-reported relaxation, comfort, and happiness, when mean scores were compared between baseline and music conditions. Caregivers showed the most benefit. While drop-out was high (6 families dropped), and caregiving satisfaction failed to improve over time, caregivers expressed enjoyment in reminiscing and participating in musical activities with their loved ones. More direct intervention by a music therapist is recommended to improve impact.
Rheumatic Manifestations of<i>Campylobacter jejuni and C. fetus</i>Infections in Adults (1994)

Reports of the rheumatic manifestations of Campylobacter jejuni and C. fetus infections in adults are reviewed in order to determine the most common presentations and which individuals are at risk for rheumatic disease. Relevant English-language articles were identified through a Medline search and from bibliographies of identified articles. 105 articles were reviewed in detail. 29 cases of reactive arthritis or Reiter's syndrome following Campylobacter jejuni enteritis were identified. The knee is the most commonly involved joint and an average of 3.2 joints were involved in affected persons. HL-A B27 positive patients are more frequently affected and have higher erythrocyte sedimentation rates than HL-A B27 negative patients. Eight cases of septic arthritis and 4 cases of osteomyelitis caused by C. fetus or C. jejuni were identified, and these cases generally occurred in compromised hosts or in diseased joints.