gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Statistical Properties of Host Load (1999)

Understanding how host load changes over time is instrumental in predicting the execution time of tasks or jobs, such as in dynamic load balancing and distributed soft real‐time systems. To improve this understanding, we collected week‐long, 1 Hz resolution traces of the Digital Unix 5 second exponential load average on over 35 different machines including production and research cluster machines, compute servers, and desktop workstations. Separate sets of traces were collected at two different times of the year. The traces capture all of the dynamic load information available to user‐level programs on these machines. We present a detailed statistical analysis of these traces here, including summary statistics, distributions, and time series analysis results. Two significant new results are that load is self‐similar and that it displays epochal behavior. All of the traces exhibit a high degree of self‐similarity with Hurst parameters ranging from 0.73 to 0.99, strongly biased toward the top of that range. The traces also display epochal behavior in that the local frequency content of the load signal remains quite stable for long periods of time (150–450 s mean) and changes abruptly at epoch boundaries. Despite these complex behaviors, we have found that relatively simple linear models are sufficient for short‐range host load prediction.
Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (2013)

Anti-inflammatory drugs consist of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including non-selective nsNSAIDs, aspirin, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-selective inhibitors also referred to as coxibs, and glucocorticoids (GCs). They are worldwide prescribed drugs for many musculoskeletal conditions, such as osteoarthritis and inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Anti-inflammatory drugs can exert deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, excluding aspirin. NSAIDs, especially coxibs, have been demonstrated to increase cardiovascular risk and have generated many concerns leading to the reassessment of their benefit/risk ratio. GCs may also induce cardiovascular events, but evidence seems to be less clear. Before prescribing these drugs, an assessment of cardiovascular risk may be judicious. In this review, anti-inflammatory drugs, coxibs, nsNSAIDs and GCs, and the risk of cardiovascular events will be discussed.
Upregulation of miR-223 in the rat liver inhibits proliferation of hepatocytes under simulated microgravity (2017)

Long-term spaceflight affects numerous organ systems in the body, including metabolic dysfunction. Recently, ample evidence has demonstrated that the liver is a vulnerable organ during spaceflight. However, the changes in hepatocyte proliferation and cell cycle control under microgravity remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we first confirmed that the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, biochemical markers of liver function, were altered in rats under tail suspension (TS) conditions to simulate microgravity, as shown in previous reports. Next, we demonstrated that the cell proliferation activity, determined by Ki67, PCNA and PH3, was significantly decreased at the different TS time points (TS for 14, 28 and 42 days) compared with that in the control group. Consistently, the positive cell cycle regulators Ccna2, Ccnd1, Cdk1, Cdk2 and cyclin D3 were also significantly decreased in the TS groups as shown by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting analysis. Subsequent analysis revealed that the aberrant hepatocyte proliferation inhibition under simulated microgravity was associated with the upregulation of miR-223 in the liver. We further found that miR-223 inhibited the proliferation of Hepa1-6 cells and identified CDK2 and CUL1 as its direct targets. In addition, the decreased expression of CDK2 and CUL1 was negatively correlated with the level of p27 in vitro and in vivo, which may have been responsible for retarding hepatocyte proliferation. Collectively, these data indicate that upregulation of miR-223 was associated with the inhibition of liver cell growth and reveal the role of miR-223 in rat hepatocyte proliferation disorders and the pathophysiological process under simulated microgravity.
Eliminate information inconsistency for X.500 directory (2002)

This paper introduces a method of avoiding information inconsistency in X.500 directories supporting real services. The basic X.500 directory mechanism does not define the relationships between the attribute values of the different entries. If some attribute values are related to other attribute values of different entries, information inconsistency sometimes occurs. To extended the directory service, we have created an index sub-tree, which define relationships in the directory information tree (DIT). In a distributed environment the index sub-tree sometimes causes the information inconsistency. To avoid this inconsistency, we propose a method that holds user-defined relationships, scans a relationship tree and corrects any inconsistency automatically. This method works as a external process, so it yields short time delays. To evaluate the effect of the delay, we propose a criteria based on statistical analysis. The criteria maintains the information so that user-experienced delay is small. We also discuss information reliability, a very important factor for real directory services. We have encompassed this factor in the criteria.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Learning From Heterogeneous Data (2019)

Data with both heterogeneity and homogeneity is now ubiquitous due to the development of multitudinous data collection techniques. To encode the data heterogeneity and homogeneity, we focus on unsupervised and supervised learning approaches. In unsupervised learning, to consider both data heterogeneity and homogeneity, we develop three clustering frameworks to maximize the heterogeneity among data sub-groups and homogeneity within each data sub-group for over-dispersed data in three different data types, i.e., alphabetic, network and mixed feature types data. In supervised learning, the traditional approaches, however, either build a global model for a whole group including all sub-groups, which fail to consider data heterogeneity among different sub-groups; or build and learn one model for each subgroup independently, which ignores data homogeneity and relatedness among these sub-groups. To overcome the limitations and utilize both data heterogeneity and homogeneity, we implement multi-task learning (MTL) framework to conduct risk factor analysis and survival analysis for different sub-groups.
Modeling CO<sub>2</sub> Mass Transfer in Amine Mixtures: PZ-AMP and PZ-MDEA (2011)

The most common method of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) capture is the absorption of CO(2) into a falling thin film of an aqueous amine solution. Modeling of mass transfer during CO(2) absorption is an important way to gain insight and understanding about the underlying processes that are occurring. In this work a new software tool has been used to model CO(2) absorption into aqueous piperazine (PZ) and binary mixtures of PZ with 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) or methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). The tool solves partial differential and simultaneous equations describing diffusion and chemical reaction automatically derived from reactions written using chemical notation. It has been demonstrated that by using reactions that are chemically plausible the mass transfer in binary mixtures can be fully described by combining the chemical reactions and their associated parameters determined for single amines. The observed enhanced mass transfer in binary mixtures can be explained through chemical interactions occurring in the mixture without need to resort to using additional reactions or unusual transport phenomena such as the "shuttle mechanism".
Nocturnal oximetry for the diagnosis of the sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome: a method to reduce the number of polysomnographies? (1999)

Nocturnal oximetry in patients with suspected SAHS and normal spirometric values permits the institution of therapeutic measures in most patients.
Phenolic substrates and suicide inactivation of tyrosinase: kinetics and mechanism (2008)

The suicide inactivation mechanism of tyrosinase acting on its substrates has been studied. The kinetic analysis of the proposed mechanism during the transition phase provides explicit analytical expressions for the concentrations of o-quinone against time. The electronic, steric and hydrophobic effects of the substrates influence the enzymatic reaction, increasing the catalytic speed by three orders of magnitude and the inactivation by one order of magnitude. To explain the suicide inactivation, we propose a mechanism in which the enzymatic form E(ox) (oxy-tyrosinase) is responsible for such inactivation. A key step might be the transfer of the C-1 hydroxyl group proton to the peroxide, which would act as a general base. Another essential step might be the axial attack of the o-diphenol on the copper atom. The rate constant of this reaction would be directly related to the strength of the nucleophilic attack of the C-1 hydroxyl group, which depends on the chemical shift of the carbon C-1 (delta(1)) obtained by (13)C-NMR. Protonation of the peroxide would bring the copper atoms together and encourage the diaxial nucleophilic attack of the C-2 hydroxyl group, facilitating the co-planarity with the ring of the copper atoms and the concerted oxidation/reduction reaction, and giving rise to an o-quinone. The suicide inactivation would occur if the C-2 hydroxyl group transferred the proton to the protonated peroxide, which would again act as a general base. In this case, the co-planarity between the copper atom, the oxygen of the C-1 and the ring would only permit the oxidation/reduction reaction on one copper atom, giving rise to copper(0), hydrogen peroxide and an o-quinone, which would be released, thus inactivating the enzyme.
Optically trapped aqueous droplets for single molecule studies (2006)

We demonstrate a technique for creating, manipulating, and combining femtoliter volume chemical containers. The containers are surfactant-stabilized aqueous droplets in a low index-of-refraction fluorocarbon medium. The index-of-refraction mismatch between the container and fluorocarbon is such that individual droplets can be optically trapped by single focus laser beams, i.e., optical tweezers. Here, we trap and manipulate individual droplets, detect the fluorescence from single dye and red fluorescent protein molecules encapsulated in droplets, and observe fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a single dye pair on a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule encapsulated in a droplet.
A micromachined separable RF connector fabricated using low-resistivity silicon (2006)

A micromachined separable RF connector is demonstrated using low-resistivity silicon as the substrate material. The design is based around a two-part device, containing pins capable of deflections perpendicular to the substrate plane. Thick SU-8 dielectric is used to reduce lossy substrate coupling and mechanical interlocking is introduced to ensure robust attachment to the substrate during fabrication and in service. Anisotropic wet etching is used to generate alignment features, which allow precise self-alignment between respective parts during mating. Test components were fabricated to allow single-sided probing, revealing a dc contact resistance of 44 mΩ and an insertion loss of 3.5 dB at 8.5 GHz; the latter being stable over at least 100 mating cycles. The insertion loss effectively represents the response of two connector pairs in series, leading to a value of approximately 1.8 dB for a single pair. Isolation between adjacent lines is >35 dB at 8.5 GHz, indicating good crosstalk rejection between neighbouring pins. The concept is amenable to meet the future needs of high-density, high-frequency connectors, enhancing the options for integrating MEMS devices with CMOS circuitry.
Impaired Pain Sensation in Mice Lacking Prokineticin 2 (2006)

Prokineticins (PKs), consisting of PK1 and PK2, are a pair of newly identified regulatory peptides. Two closely related G-protein coupled receptors, PKR1 and PKR2, mediate the signaling of PKs. PKs/PKRs participate in the regulation of diverse biological processes, ranging from development to adult physiology. A number of studies have indicated the involvement of PKs/PKRs in nociception. Here we show that PK2 is a sensitizer for nociception. Intraplantar injection of recombinant PK2 resulted in a strong and localized hyperalgesia with reduced thresholds to nociceptive stimuli. PK2 mobilizes calcium in dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Mice lacking the PK2 gene displayed strong reduction in nociception induced by thermal and chemical stimuli, including capsaicin. However, PK2 mutant mice showed no difference in inflammatory response to capsaicin. As the majority of PK2-responsive DRG neurons also expressed transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) and exhibited sensitivity to capsaicin, TRPV1 is likely a significant downstream molecule of PK2 signaling. Taken together, these results reveal that PK2 sensitize nociception without affecting inflammation.
In vivo polyclonal B-lymphocyte activation elicited by murine viruses (1990)

Viruses such as lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus and adenovirus induce in vivo a polyclonal activation of murine B lymphocytes, followed by a marked increase in the production of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a). The role of T lymphocytes in this phenomenon was studied by injection of an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody able to inhibit the T-helper function. This treatment profoundly depressed the production of IgG2a, whereas it had no effect on the proliferation of B cells. Activated B cells obtained from such infected and treated mice remained able to produce various immunoglobulin isotypes after exposure to an appropriate stimulus. In particular, gamma interferon, which is known to be secreted after viral infection, induced the production of IgG2a. These observations support the hypothesis that the influence of viruses on the switch of immunoglobulins is mediated by T-helper lymphocytes.
All-optical nonlinear holographic correlation using bacteriorhodopsin films (1995)

Films made of the halobacterial photochrome bacteriorhodopsin (BR) can be used in a number of holographic real-time applications. Their application as active material in a dual-axis joint-Fourier-transform (DAJFT) real-time correlator was shown recently. The BR films have a strong nonlinear intensity dependence on the light-induced absorption and refractive-index changes. Therefore the holographic diffraction efficiency also shows a nonlinear dependence on the writing intensity. We investigate the effect of this nonlinearity on the result of the correlation process in a bacteriorhodopsin-based DAJFT correlator. Numerical models supporting the experimental observations are presented. It was found that the BR film combines the holographic function for most objects with that of a spatial bandpass filter, whose center frequency is tuned by the writing intensity. This results in smaller peak widths and a suppression of the sidelobes. BR films allow the application of this nonlinear behavior in real time to the all-optical correlation process.
Diabetic nephropathy: the central role of renal proximal tubular cells in tubulointerstitial injury. (2002)

Diabetic nephropathy is now the commonest cause of end stage renal disease and accounts for 30-40% of all patients requiring renal replacement therapy. Furthermore, the incidence of diabetic nephropathy continues to increase, in part due to the improved survival of type 2 diabetic patients as the cardiovascular mortality in this group declines (Ritz and Stefanski, 1996). Clinically incipient nephropathy is first manifest by the onset of persistent microalbuminuria, after which, overt diabetic nephropathy is heralded by the appearance of persistent proteinuria. Subsequently, there is a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) resulting, within 5 years, in end stage renal disease in 50% of patients (Hasslacher et al., 1989). The pathology of the renal lesions are similar in type I and II diabetes (Taft et al., 1994), although it has been suggested that there is more heterogeneity in type II diabetes (Chihara et al., 1986). Studies analysing structural-functional relationships have demonstrated that the development of proteinuria correlates with the degree of mesangial expansion (Mauer et al., 1984; White and Bilous, 2000). Although diabetic nephropathy was traditionally considered a primarily glomerular disease, it is now widely accepted that the rate of deterioration of function correlates best with the degree of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (Mauer et al., 1984, Bohle et al., 1991). This suggests that although in the majority of patients the primary event is a condition manifest by glomerular changes resulting in proteinuria, the long-term outcome is determined by events in the renal interstitium. With the increasing awareness of the importance of these pathological interstitial changes, interest has focused on the role of cells, such as the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule (PTC) or the interstitial myofibroblast, in the initiation of fibrosis. The aim of the present review is to analyse the available data supporting the role for the PTC in orchestrating renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy as a result of glucose-dependent alterations in PTC function. The potential for subsequent effects on PTC-fibroblast cross-talk will also be considered.
Wall Tension Is a Potent Negative Regulator of In Vivo Thrombomodulin Expression (2003)

Thrombomodulin (TM), a key component of the anticoagulant protein C pathway, is a major contributor to vascular thromboresistance. We previously found that TM protein expression is dramatically reduced in autologous vein grafts during the first two weeks after implantation, coincident to a local inflammatory response, and remains suppressed for at least 6 weeks. To determine the proximate cause of TM loss, in vivo gene expression was quantified by real-time PCR. TM gene expression in vein grafts declined >85% during the first postoperative week and remained suppressed >55% at 6 weeks, accounting for the observed changes in protein expression. The effects of vein graft inflammation were evaluated in animals rendered leukopenic with vinblastine before graft implantation. Abrogating the local inflammatory response affected neither TM protein nor gene expression. To determine how hemodynamic forces might modulate TM expression, the surgical protocol was modified to alter blood flow and pressure-induced vessel distension. TM protein and gene expression did not correlate to changes in shear stress but highly correlated to changes in wall tension, both acutely and over time. We conclude that the primary stimulus for altered TM expression in vein grafts is the exposure to arterial pressure. Furthermore, these data identify strain as a novel and important pathway for in vivo TM gene regulation.
Matrix Reordering Methods for Table and Network Visualization (2016)

Abstract This survey provides a description of algorithms to reorder visual matrices of tabular data and adjacency matrix of Networks. The goal of this survey is to provide a comprehensive list of reordering algorithms published in different fields such as statistics, bioinformatics, or graph theory. While several of these algorithms are described in publications and others are available in software libraries and programs, there is little awareness of what is done across all fields. Our survey aims at describing these reordering algorithms in a unified manner to enable a wide audience to understand their differences and subtleties. We organize this corpus in a consistent manner, independently of the application or research field. We also provide practical guidance on how to select appropriate algorithms depending on the structure and size of the matrix to reorder, and point to implementations when available.
Grain boundary disordering in binary alloys (2008)

This letter reports a grain boundary (GB) premelting/prewetting model based on the Miedema model and computational thermodynamics, predicting that GB disordering can start at as low as 60%–85% of the bulk solidus temperatures in selected systems. This model quantitatively explains the long-standing mystery of subsolidus activated sintering in W–Pd, W–Ni, W–Co, W–Fe and W–Cu, and it has broad applications for understanding GB-controlled transport kinetics and physical properties. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the necessity of developing GB “phase” diagrams as a tool for material design.
Solving the data overload: Device-to-device bearer control architecture for cellular data offloading (2013)

The explosive growth of the mobile user population and multimedia services are causing a severe traffic overload problem in the cellular network. The Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has defined data offloading as a critical area to cope with this problem. Local IP access (LIPA) and selected IP traffic offload (SIPTO) are considered to be the typical technologies to implement cellular data offloading. Currently, device-to-device (D2D) communication has been proposed as a new dataoffloading solution. The D2D communication underlying a cellular infrastructure reduces the radio access network load as well as the core network load. The cellular network needs to establish a new type of radio bearer for D2D communications, and this bearer can provide the direct traffic path between devices. In this article, we propose a D2D bearer control architecture for D2D communications supported by a longterm evolution-advanced (LTE-A) infrastructure. This could be a feasible and efficient solution for offloading data from the cellular network.
Use of infochemicals to attract carrion beetles into pitfall traps (2009)

Abstract When the bodies of small vertebrates start to decay shortly after death, a number of organosulfur compounds are produced, including methanethiol, dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethyldisulfide (DMDS), dimethyltrisulfide (DMTS), and S‐methyl thioacetate. These molecules appear to attract various necrophagous animals. We tested the roles of DMS, DMDS, and DMTS (in order of decreasing volatility) as attractants of carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae: Nicrophorinae) in a field experiment in an agricultural landscape in southern Bohemia, Czech Republic. We collected a total of 362 adult Nicrophorus vespillo (L.) that were attracted to 220 baited pitfall traps in a 3‐day experiment. Sets of traps baited with DMTS were more successful in catching N. vespillo than sets baited with a blank. Traps containing DMDS had higher trapping success than traps containing DMS. In addition, trapping success strongly increased using DMTS in the presence of DMDS but not of DMS, suggesting a synergistic effect of DMDS and DMTS. We observed similar patterns between males and females in response to the infochemicals tested.