gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Pd Complexes Combined with Photosensitizing of a Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Moiety through a Series of Substituted Bipyrimidine Bridges. Substituent Effect of the Bridging Ligand on the Photocatalytic Dimerization of α-Methylstyrene (2007)

Mononuclear ruthenium complexes and dinuclear Ru...Pd complexes having a series of 2,2'-bipyrimidine ligands, [(bpy)2Ru(Ln)]2+ [Ln = 2,2'-bipyrimidine (L1), 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyrimidine (L2), 5,5'-dibromo-2,2'-bipyrimidine (L3), 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyrimidine (L4), and 4,4',6,6'-tetramethyl- 2,2'-bipyrimidine (L5)] and [(bpy)2Ru(Ln)PdL]m+ [Ln = L1-L3; PdL = PdMeCl (m = 2) and PdMe(solvent) (m = 3)], are prepared, and the obtained complexes are characterized by means of spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. Introduction of the substituents on the bipyrimidine ligands led to the substantial differences in their electrochemical and photophysical properties. Density functional theory calculations have been performed to understand the substituent effect on the ground-state molecular orbital energy level. Reactivity studies on the catalytic dimerization of alpha-methylstyrene revealed that the Pd complex having a Br-substituted bipyrimidine ligand were much more active than those of the corresponding Pd complexes having methyl-substituted or nonsubstituted bipyrimidine ligands.
Visualization of hair follicles using high-speed optical coherence tomography based on a Fourier domain mode locking laser (2012)

In this study, a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system with a Fourier domain mode locking (FDML) laser is proposed for a dermatology study. The homemade FDML laser is one kind of frequency-sweeping light source, which can provide output power of >20 mW and an output spectrum of 65 nm in bandwidth centered at 1300 nm, enabling imaging with an axial resolution of 12 μm in the OCT system. To eliminate the forward scans from the laser output and insert the delayed backward scans, a Mach-Zehnder configuration is implemented. Compared with conventional frequency-sweeping light sources, the FDML laser can achieve much higher scan rates, as high as ∼240 kHz, which can provide a three-dimensional imaging rate of 4 volumes/s. Furthermore, the proposed high-speed SS-OCT system can provide three-dimensional (3D) images with reduced motion artifacts. Finally, a high-speed SS-OCT system is used to visualize hair follicles, demonstrating the potential of this technology as a tool for noninvasive diagnosis of alopecia.
Method of countering unsolicited IP applications using lists (2009)

Method of countering IP applications spam using lists, namely blacklist and whitelist, is introduced in this paper. This function of an application server provides two-phase anti-spam technique using two kinds of lists. The first is using blacklist and whitelist of the IP application recipient, and the second is using the unified lists of other users. When an IP application is not identified whether it is a spam or not with the lists of the recipient, the anti-spam system uses unified list of other users. For the spam identification and treatment of an IP application, this method also uses other functions such as spam score management function, spam reporting function, and etc.
Tartrate-based ionic liquids: unified synthesis and characterisation (2012)

A convenient and general preparative approach for tartrate-derived organic salts with bulky non-coordinating cations is described. This route is based on neutralisation of tartaric acid with cation hydroxides in aqueous solution. A series of 24 tartrate salts was prepared by systematic variation of the hemi- or bis-tartrate anion and the nature of the organic cation. Chirality of the anion was also explored as a vector for structural modification. Complete characterisation, including X-ray crystallography, was carried out. This comparative study of the physicochemical properties of these salts led to the identification of several informative trends useful for designing proper tartrate-based chiral ionic liquids.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THERMAL SENSATION INDEX IN THERMAL TRANSIENTS (2003)

This study was carried out in order to construct a model to predict thermal sensation in thermal transients, by examining the relation between thermal sensation vote and physiological data related to thermoreception obtained by subject experiments. A regression model consisting of five variables, mean skin temperature and its time derivative, temperature of tympanum and its time derivative, and heat flux at'skin surface, was used to describe thermal sensation vote in thermal transients. When four different sets of regression coefficients were given in accordance with the heat flux at skin surface, which was considered to represent degree of thermal transients, the time series of calculated thermal sensation agreed with the thermal sensation vote. It was thus shown that thermal sensation in thermal transients could be predicted by the model proposed in this paper.
The progression of femoral cortical osteolysis in association with total hip arthroplasty without cement. (1992)

Twenty hips in twenty patients had development of femoral endosteal cortical erosion after a cementless total hip replacement with the Harris-Galante porous-coated implant. Serial anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of all of the affected femora were reviewed to determine the interval between the operation and the first recognition of the osteolytic lesion or lesions, as well as to evaluate the radiographic appearance and progression of the lesions. The twenty affected hips were followed for an average of fifty-three months (range, twenty to seventy-seven months) after the operation. Osteolysis was first noted radiographically at twelve to sixty-six months (mean, thirty-nine months) postoperatively; in most patients, it occurred around the distal portion of the prosthetic stem. Twelve (60 per cent) of the femoral components were shown to be loose, as proved either radiographically or operatively. Three of these components had been judged radiographically to be stable when the endosteal erosion had first been identified, but they had subsequently migrated. The remaining eight hips had no evidence of loosening. The osteolysis was more severe in the femora in which the component was loose than in those in which it was stable. Of the fourteen patients who were followed, twelve (86 per cent) had an increase in the size of the osteolytic lesions with time, and only one patient had some radiographic evidence of healing.
Advertising in computer games (2006)

The paper in its electronic version has been reformatted and posted at GamesBrandsPlay.com. The page count has been preserved. The author’s contact information is available at vedrashko.com.
Aldol reactions of γ‐ and ϵ‐methylene in 5‐membered heteroaromatic compounds (1995)

Abstract 5‐Methyl‐2‐thiophenecarboxaldehyde ( 1a ) and 3‐methyl‐2‐thiophenecarboxaldehyde ( 6 ) underwent intermolecular aldol reactions in which the methyl group behaved as active methylene in the presence of potassium cyanide. 5‐Methylfurfural ( 1b ) gave only 5,5′‐dimethylfuroin in the presence of potassium cyanide. But 1b formed an intermolecular aldol reaction product when sodium hydroxide was used.
Antiapoptotic function of Bcl-2 in mast cells is dependent on its association with heat shock protein 90β (2005)

In the present study, we demonstrated that the antiapoptotic function of Bcl-2 in mast cells is significantly dependent on its association with the heat shock protein 90beta (Hsp90beta). Dissociation of these 2 proteins inhibits the antiapoptotic activity of Bcl-2 by initiating the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol and increasing the activity of caspase 3 and caspase 7, resulting in mast-cell apoptosis. The antiapoptotic activity of Bcl-2 was greatly affected by knocking-out specifically Hsp90beta using the RNA interference approach. Thus, for the first time, it has been shown that Hsp90beta might modulate the antiapoptotic activity of Bcl-2 at least in mast cells. These findings could have implications for a novel strategy of regulating apoptosis in patients with mastocytosis and other mast cell-associated diseases.
Exact Interior Reconstruction with Cone‐Beam CT (2007)

Using the backprojection filtration (BPF) and filtered backprojection (FBP) approaches, respectively, we prove that with cone-beam CT the interior problem can be exactly solved by analytic continuation. The prior knowledge we assume is that a volume of interest (VOI) in an object to be reconstructed is known in a subregion of the VOI. Our derivations are based on the so-called generalized PI-segment (chord). The available projection onto convex set (POCS) algorithm and singular value decomposition (SVD) method can be applied to perform the exact interior reconstruction. These results have many implications in the CT field and can be extended to other tomographic modalities, such as SPECT/PET, MRI.
Topical Cyclosporine A and Corneal Wound Healing (1992)

The effect of 2% topical cyclosporine A (CsA) ointment on corneal epithelial and stromal wound healing was evaluated in a masked, placebo-controlled study in rabbits. The difference in epithelial would healing rate in the treatment and placebo group was not statistically significant. There was also no difference in the values of bursting strength of 2-mm central penetrating wounds and in the measurement of hydroxyproline content in the central corneal buttons from the wounded area in both the groups. Clinical evaluation of the quality of regenerating epithelium, stromal edema, haze, and iritis did not reveal a difference between the two groups. There was a significantly higher incidence of conjunctival injection in the CsA-treated group. We conclude that topical cyclosporine A 2% does not significantly inhibit epithelial or stromal corneal wound healing.
Th-230 - U-238 series disequilibrium of the Olkaria basalts Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya (1993)

U-Th disequilibrium analyses of the Naivasha basalts show a very small (U-238/Th-230) ratios which are lower than any previously analyzed basalts. The broadly positive internal isochron trend from one sample indicates that the basalts may have source heterogeneities, this is supported by earlier work. The Naivasha complex comprises a bimodal suite of basalts and rhyolites. The basalts are divided into two stratigraphic groups each of a transitional nature. The early basalt series (EBS) which were erupted prior to the Group 1 comendites and, the late basalt series (LBS) which erupted temporally between the Broad Acres and the Ololbutot centers. The basalts represent a very small percentage of the overall eruptive volume of material at Naivasha (less than 2 percent). The analyzed samples come from four stratigraphic units in close proximity around Ndabibi, Hell's Gate and Akira areas. The earliest units occur as vesicular flows from the Ndabibi plain. These basalts are olivine-plagioclase phyric with the associated hawaiites being sparsely plagioclase phyric. An absolute age of 0.5Ma was estimated for these basalts. The next youngest basalts flows occur as younger tuft cones in the Ndabibi area and are mainly olivine-plagioclase-clinopyroxcene phyric with one purely plagioclase phyric sample. The final phase of activity at Ndabibi resulted in much younger tuft cones consisting of air fall ashes and lapilli tufts. Many of these contain resorbed plagioclase phenocrysts with sample number 120c also being clinopyroxene phyric. The isotopic evidence for the basalt formation is summarized.
The spatial response function of SeaWinds backscatter measurements (2003)

Designed to retrieve near-surface winds over the ocean, the SeaWinds scatterometer makes 13.4 GHz Ku-band measurements of the normalized radar backscatter of the Earth's surface. SeaWinds backscatter measurements are being used in a wide variety of studies, including ocean wind retrieval, sea-ice mapping and classification, iceberg tracking, vegetation, soil moisture, and snow accumulation. Two SeaWinds instruments are currently flying in orbit. Due to the high spatial sampling density, SeaWinds data is ideally suited for the application of reconstruction and resolution enhancement algorithms. Such algorithms require accurate knowledge of the spatial response function of the individual measurements, "slices" and "eggs." Standard SeaWinds data products from JPL include the locations of the measurements, but not the response functions. In this paper we derive the spatial response function for both egg and slices. The response functions vary with antenna azimuth and orbit location. Because computation of the response function is laborious, methods of tabularizing and interpolating the response function have been developed. These are described in this paper. We provide code and the tables to enable computation the response function using information from standard JPL data products. We hope these will further the development of resolution-enhanced SeaWinds data. Examples of resulting enhanced resolution images are included.
In Utero Ethanol Exposure Elicits Oxidative Stress in the Rat Fetus (1995)

Prior studies in our laboratory have shown that exposure of cultured fetal rat hepatocytes to ethanol (E) blocks epidermal growth factor-dependent replication and that this is paralleled by cell membrane damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, membrane lipid peroxidation (LP), and enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species. These measures of E-mediated oxidative stress (OS) were mitigated by treatment with antioxidants, and cell replication could be normalized by maintaining cell glutathione (GSH) pools. We have now extended these studies to an in vivo model. Rats were administered E (4 g/kg, po) at 12-hr intervals on days 17 and 18 of gestation and killed on day 19, 1 hr following a final dose of E (a total of 5 doses). Fetal and maternal brain and liver were assayed for signs of OS. The 2-day in utero E exposure increased membrane LP in fetal brain as evidenced by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels from 1.76 +/- 0.12 SE (nMol/mg protein) to 2.00 +/- 0.08 (p < 0.05) and conjugated dienes from 0.230 +/- 0.006 SE (OD223/mg lipid) to 0.282 +/- 0.006 (p < 0.05). In fetal liver, MDA levels increased from 2.39 +/- 0.08 SE (nMol/mg protein) to 2.87 +/- 0.08 (p < 0.05), whereas dienes differed significantly only between ad libitum controls and the E and pair-fed control groups (p < 0.05). E decreased GSH levels in fetal brain by 19%, from 19.88 +/- 0.72 to 16.13 +/- 1.06 (nMol/mg protein) (p < 0.05). A 10% decrease in GSH was seen in fetal liver (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis of Soy-Polyols Using a Continuous Microflow System and Preparation of Soy-based Polyurethane Rigid Foams (2015)

A soy-polyol labeled Polyol-m was synthesized directly from soybean oil in a continuous microflow system equipped with self-designed oil–water separators and using a reported scheme for epoxidation under following the optimized conditions for hydroxylation: sulfuric acid concentration of 10 wt %, residence time of 13 min, and temperature of 75 °C. Another soy-polyol labeled Polyol-f was also synthesized in a conventional flask from commercially available epoxidized soybean oil as a raw material for the purpose of comparison. Polyol-f had a wider molecular weight distribution, higher viscosity, and lower hydroxyl number than Polyol-m because of the more substantial oligomers introduced by oligomerization, which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). In addition, the corresponding soy-based polyurethane rigid foams labeled PU-m and PU-f were prepared. PU-m had fine, uniform, and closed-cell morphology, and it contained higher cross-linking due to such characteristics as lower viscosity and higher hydroxyl number; these characteristics were beneficial for the foam properties, including compression strength, thermal insulation, dimensional stability, and thermostability.
New developments in integrated optics using the sol-gel process (1997)

The sol-gel process is an interesting alternative to make glass integrated optics components. Basically, reasonable performances can be reached with low cost fabrication. The sol-gel process is coupled to an one-step method to imprint channel waveguides as basic parts of optical integrated circuits. The basic one layer structure is enriched with a protective layer and a buffer layer and we show here the advantages of these additions in the quality of the propagation. The fabrication of gratings is also described since they can be also easily imprinted with two methods. Passive devices illustrate the possibility of this technology.
Polarization properties of single photons emitted by nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond at low temperature (2009)

In this report, the polarization properties of the photoluminescence emitted by single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond are investigated using resonant excitation at cryogenic temperature. We first underline that the two excited-state orbital branches are associated with two orthogonal transition dipoles. Using selective excitation of one dipole, we then show that the photoluminescence is partially unpolarized owing to fast relaxation between the two orbitals induced by the thermal bath. This result might be important in the context of the realization of indistinguishable single photons using NV defect in diamond.
Nitrogen nutrition of soybean in Brazil: Contributions of biological N<sub>2</sub> fixation and N fertilizer to grain yield (2006)

There has recently been concern in Brazil whether biological N 2 fixation (BNF) is capable of meeting the increased N needs of newly released more productive cultivars, as well as doubts about the advantages of annual reinoculation of seeds. Forty experiments were performed over 3 yr in oxisols containing at least 103 cells of Bradyrhizobium g -1 in the State of Paraná, southern Brazil to estimate the contributions of BNF and of N fertilizer. The experiments were performed at two sites, Londrina and Ponta Grossa, under conventional (CT) or no-tillage (NT) systems, with two cultivars [Embrapa 48 (early-maturing) or BRS 134 (medium-maturity group)]. Treatments included non-inoculated controls without or with 200 kg of N ha -1 , and inoculation without or with N fertilizer applied at sowing (30 kg of N ha -1 ), or at the R2 or R4 stage (50 kg of N ha -1 ). Compared with the non-inoculated control, reinoculation significantly increased the contribution of BNF estimated by the N-ureide technique (on average from 79 to 84%), grain yield (on average 127 kg ha -1 , or 4.7%) and total N in grains (on average 6.6%). The application of 200 kg of N fertilizer ha -1 drastically decreased nodulation and the contribution of BNF (to 44%), with no further gains in yield. Application of starter N at sowing decreased nodulation and the contribution of BNF slightly and did not increase yields, while N fertilizer at R2 and R4 stages decreased the contribution of BNF (to 77%) and also yields. Estimates of volatilization of ammonia ranged from 15 to 25% of the N fertilizer applied, and no residual benefits of the N fertilizer in the winter crop were observed. The results highlight the economical and environmental benefits resulting from replacing N fertilizer with inoculation in Brazil, and reinforce the benefits of reinoculation, even in soils with high populations of Bradyrhizobium. Key words: Biological nitrogen fixation, Bradyrhizobium, inoculation, N fertilizers, ureides, soybean
Change Point Detection in Sequential Sensor Data using Recurrent Neural Networks (2018)

Change-point detection is the problem of recognizing the abrupt variations in sequential data. This covers a wide range of real world problems within medical, meteorology and automotive industry, and has been actively addressed in the community of statistics and data mining. In the automotive industry, sequential data is collected from various components of the vehicles. The changes in the underlying distribution of the sequential data might indicate component failure, sensor degradation or different activity of the vehicle, which explains the need for detecting these deviations in this industry. The research question of this thesis focuses on how different architectures of the recurrent neural network (RNN) perform in detecting the change points of sequential sensor data. In this thesis, the sliding window method was utilised to represent the variable sequence length into fixed length. Then this fixed length sequences were provided to many input single output (MISO) and many input many output (MIMO) architectures of RNN to perform two different tasks such as sequence detection, where the position of the change point in the sequence is recognized and sequence classification, where the sequence is checked for the presence of a change point. The stacking ensemble technique was employed to combine results of sequence classification with the sequence detection to further enhance the performance. The result of the thesis shows that the MIMO architecture has higher precision than recall whereas MISO architecture has higher recall than precision but both having almost similar f1-score. The ensemble technique exhibit a boost in the performance of both the architectures.
Porous CuCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocubes wrapped by reduced graphene oxide as high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes (2014)

A composite of porous CuCo2O4 nanocubes well wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets has been synthesized by a facile microwave-assisted solvothermal reaction and applied as anode in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The porous structure of the CuCo2O4 nanocubes not only provides a high surface area for contact with the electrolyte, but also assists by accommodating volume change upon charging-discharging. Impedance measurements and transmission electron microscopy show that incorporation of rGO further decreases the charge transfer resistance and improves the structural stability of the composite. As an anode material for a LIB, the composite exhibits a high stable capacity of ∼ 570 mA h g(-1) at a current density of 1000 mA g(-1) after 350 cycles. With a high specific surface area and a low charge transfer resistance, the composite anode shows impressive performance especially at high current density. The LIB shows a high capacity of ∼ 450 mA h g(-1) even at a high current density of 5000 mA g(-1), demonstrating the composite's potential for applications in LIBs with long cycling life and high power density.
Modulation of Diabetes with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonists in the Nonobese Mouse Model of Autoimmune Diabetes (2003)

The nonobese mouse model of autoimmune diabetes (NOD mouse) exhibits a strain-dependent preponderance of disease in females. Castration of male NOD mice leads to an increased incidence of diabetes, suggesting that testosterone directly modulates the expression of diabetes in the NOD mouse. However, castration also modulates hypothalamic and pituitary hormone production via removal of the negative feedback effects of testosterone. One hypothalamic hormone with immunomodulatory properties whose expression is increased by castration is GnRH. To test whether the increased incidence of diabetes in castrated male NOD mice is related to an increase in GnRH activity, we treated castrated male NOD mice with Antide, a GnRH receptor antagonist, to determine the effect on the incidence and timing of onset of diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes at 40 wk of age in male NOD mice was 50% in sham-operated mice, compared with an 83% prevalence in castrated males. Antide administration prevented the increased incidence of diabetes in the castrated male mice. Antide reduced total serum IgG levels, IL-6 cytokine expression in cultured splenocytes, and the lymphocytic infiltration of islets. GnRH administration exerted reciprocal effects, leading to earlier timing of onset of diabetes and increases in serum total IgG levels. We conclude that GnRH modulates the expression of diabetes in the NOD mouse independently of gonadal steroids.