gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
α3/4 Fucosyltransferase 3–Dependent Synthesis of Sialyl Lewis A on CD44 Variant Containing Exon 6 Mediates Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Detachment from Intestinal Epithelium during Transepithelial Migration (2013)

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) migration across the intestinal epithelium closely parallels disease symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. PMN transepithelial migration (TEM) is a multistep process that terminates with PMN detachment from the apical epithelium into the lumen. Using a unique mAb (GM35), we have previously demonstrated that engagement of the CD44 variant containing exon 6 (CD44v6) blocks both PMN detachment and cleavage of CD44v6. In this article, we report that PMN binding to CD44v6 is mediated by protein-specific O-glycosylation with sialyl Lewis A (sLe(a)). Analyses of glycosyltransferase expression identified fucosyltransferase 3 (Fut3) as the key enzyme driving sLe(a) biosynthesis in human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Fut3 transfection of sLe(a)-deficient IECs resulted in robust expression of sLe(a). However, this glycan was not expressed on CD44v6 in these transfected IECs; therefore, engagement of sLe(a) had no effect on PMN TEM across these cells. Analyses of sLe(a) in human colonic mucosa revealed minimal expression in noninflamed areas, with striking upregulation under colitic conditions that correlated with increased expression of CD44v6. Importantly, intraluminal administration of mAb GM35 blocked PMN TEM and attenuated associated increases in intestinal permeability in a murine intestinal model of inflammation. These findings identify a unique role for protein-specific O-glycosylation in regulating PMN-epithelial interactions at the luminal surface of the intestine.
A New Dimension for the Development of Fluorescence-Based Assays in Solution: From Physical Principles of FCS Detection to Biological Applications (2002)

Ultrasensitive detection methods such as laser-induced fluorescence represent the current state-of-the-art in analytics. Single-molecule detection in solution has received a remarkable amount of attention in the last few years because of its applicability to life sciences. Studies have been performed on the fundamentals of the detection processes themselves and on some biological systems. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is the link for ultrasensitive multicomponent analysis, showing possibilities for experiments on molecular interactions. Based on the theoretical background of FCS, this article gives full explanation of FCS and an update of highlights in experimental biology and medicine studied by FCS. We focus on a repertoire of diverse immunoglobulin specificities, a ribosome display system, single-molecule DNA sequencing, and a mutant enzyme generated by random mutagenesis of amino acids. We describe the usefulness and the enormous potential of the methodology. Further, this contribution clearly indicates that FCS is a valuable tool for solution-phase single-molecule (SPSM) experiments in immunobiology and medicine. In experiments with the Goodpasture autoantibody, we worked out conditions for the design of experiments on a complex single molecule in solution. The possibility to use SPSM-FCS as a quantitation methodology opens up other important applications beyond the scope of this article. Original results extending the published studies are presented for the rational foundation of SPSM-FCS. In this original contribution, we deal with experimental systems for biology and medicine where the number of molecules in solution is very small. This article is mandatory for gaining confidence in the interpretation of experimental SPSM-FCS results on the selfsame, individual single molecule in solution.
Ultra Low Dielectric Constant Materials for 22 nm Technology Node and Beyond (2011)

Metrology and approaches necessary for selection of ultra low-k dielectric materials for future generation of IC devices are discussed. It is shown that porogen residue (sp2 hybridized carbon) formed during the UV curing of porogen based PECVD low-k materials increases the leakage current density and decreases the breakdown field. The amount of porogen residue increases with porosity because of larger amount of co-deposited porogen. Electrical characteristics of these films are significantly worse in comparison with low-k films prepared by using of self-assembling approaches without porogen. Therefore, utilization of porogen based technologies for preparation of ultra low-k films is limited. New metrologies allowing evaluation of intrinsic properties of low-k materials are discussed. It is shown that UV spectroscopy and a unique planar capacitor test vehicle are extremely important for evaluation of intrinsic properties of ultra low-k films.
Genetic Library (1999)

Depending of the research methodology used in genetic counseling research, different aspects of the genetic counseling process are examined.Some of the following citations illustrate various approaches ranging from epistemological, literature review, survey, empirical, archival, and cross-cultural methods in genetic counseling research.Rhodes R (1998) Genetic links, family ties, and social bonds: Rights and responsibilities in the face of genetic knowledge.J Med Phil 23:10-30.The epistemology of responsibility and genetic knowledge has often presumed the right to know genetic information in the genetic counseling process.Varying from this viewpoint, Rhodes thoughtfully examines issues of responsibility from the perspective of the presumed right to genetic ignorance.Case studies are used to illustrate the complexity of social relationships, ethical dilemmas within the context of genetic counseling.The article challenges genetic counselors to examine how their own understanding of responsibility in the face of genetic knowledge.Additionally, how understanding personal responsibility and genetic knowledge influences genetic counseling practices is highlighted.Rhodes effectively illustrates how theory and epistemology can shape the type of questions and issues examined while providing rich food for thought that challenges some assumed ethical precepts in genetic counseling.
Caffeine induces apoptosis by enhancement of autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K inhibition (2011)

Caffeine is one of the most frequently ingested neuroactive compounds. All known mechanisms of apoptosis induced by caffeine act through cell cycle modulation or p53 induction. It is currently unknown whether caffeine-induced apoptosis is associated with other cell death mechanisms, such as autophagy. Herein we show that caffeine increases both the levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II and the number of autophagosomes, through the use of western blotting, electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry techniques. Phosphorylated p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (Thr389), S6 ribosomal protein (Ser235/236), 4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) and Akt (Ser473) were significantly decreased by caffeine. In contrast, ERK1/2 (Thr202/204) was increased by caffeine, suggesting an inhibition of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway and activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Although insulin treatment phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) and led to autophagy suppression, the effect of insulin treatment was completely abolished by caffeine addition. Caffeine-induced autophagy was not completely blocked by inhibition of ERK1/2 by U0126. Caffeine induced reduction of mitochondrial membrane potentials and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, which was further attenuated by the inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine or Atg7 siRNA knockdown. Furthermore, there was a reduced number of early apoptotic cells (annexin V positive, propidium iodide negative) among autophagy-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts treated with caffeine than their wild-type counterparts. These results support previous studies on the use of caffeine in the treatment of human tumors and indicate a potential new target in the regulation of apoptosis.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATION OF SOME CARBONYL COMPOUNDS BY TERTIARY ALKYL GROUPS. UTILIZATION OF THE FRIEDEL‐CRAFTS REACTION IN THE SYNTHESIS OF STERICALLY CROWDED ESTERS AN KETONES (1981)

Abstract Umsetzung der Ester (I) bzw. (VI) mit Trimethylsilylchlorid (II) in Gegenwart von Li‐N(iPr)2 in THF liefert die Ketenacetale (III) bzw. (VII), deren Alkylierung mit den Halogeniden (IV) nach Friedel‐Crafts zu den sterisch gehinderten Estern (V) [(Va) ist identisch mit (Vb)] bzw. (VIII) führt; der Versuch, α‐Methyl‐oz‐tert‐butylessigsäuremethylester analog mit (IVa) zu alkylieren, gelang nicht.
Yttrium passivation of defects in GeO2 and GeO2/Ge interfaces (2017)

Alloying amorphous GeO2 with Y2O3 has been found experimentally to improve its chemical stability and electrical reliability as a gate dielectric in Ge-based field effect transistors. The mechanism is explained here based on density functional calculations. The GeO2 reliability problem is correlated with oxygen deficiency defects, which generate gap states near the band-edges of the underlying Ge. These can be passivated through Y doping. This shifts the defect gap state out of the gap up into the GeO2 conduction band, thus effectively passivating gap states in the GeO2 layer.
Algunas trigonias del Neuquén (1944)

La casi totalidad del material fosilífero utilizado para este estudio ha sido coleccionado personalmente por el autor en la región centro-occidental del Territorio del Neuquén durante los años 1941-1943, en el curso de sus tareas de levantamiento de las hojas 35b-Zapala y 36b-Cerro Chachil, del Mapa geológico de la República Argentina a escala del 1/200.000°, habiéndose dejado constancia expresa del origen de algunos ejemplares de otra procedencia. Los estudios de laboratorio, así como las fotografías, han sido realizados en la Dirección de Minas y Geología de la Nación, con cuya autorización el autor publica este trabajo. Los fósiles descriptos y figurados se encuentran actualmente depositados en las colecciones de la citada repartición.
Interleukin (IL)-12 Receptor β1 or IL-12 Receptor β2 Deficiency in Mice Indicates That IL-12 and IL-23 Are Not Essential for Host Recovery from Viral Encephalitis (2005)

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA rhabdovirus, causes acute viral encephalitis when administered intranasally to mice. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that is produced largely by the antigen presenting cells (APC) and that bridges the innate and acquired immune responses. IL-12 is efficacious in enhancing recovery from VSV infection of the murine central nervous system. This effect is mediated by nitric oxide (NO) produced by the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS-1), and is independent of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). These data implied a link between IL-12 and NOS-1. Here we investigate the role of the IL-12R during VSV pathogenesis, using IL-12R beta2 and IL-12R beta1-deficient mice. We showed that a deficiency in either IL-12R beta2 or IL-12R beta1 had no effect on the outcome of VSV infection of the CNS or on the clearance of VSV from the CNS. Furthermore, these data indicate that IL-23 is not acting redundantly in the absence of IL-12 during VSV-induced encephalitis.
Enhancement of Noble Gas Pumping for a Sputter-Ion Pump (1969)

Enhancement of noble gas pumping has been observed for cathodes of different configuration and material. On the basis of the fact that erosion proceeds at the central portion of a cathode exposed to a Penning discharge, while sputtered material piles up at the circumferential area of the cathode, the ratio of the number of sputtered atoms per unit time to the number of impinging gas ions per unit time has been considered to be the controlling factor. A multiholed tantalum plate combined with conventional flat titanium cathode gives a pumping speed for argon about 40% as large as the pumping speed for nitrogen. With a flat tantalum cathode in one side and a flat titanium cathode in the opposite, the pumping speed for argon was about 27% of that for nitrogen. Both pumps, however, showed some 20% to 25% less speed for nitrogen compared with a conventional pump having a pair of flat titanium cathodes. A pump equipped with multiholed copper plates instead of multiholed tantalum plates was also tested, which did show an argon pumping speed twice as large as that of a conventional pump. During a long test run for the so-called argon instability, the multiholed tantalum pump did not show an appreciable pressure pulse at least for 700 h at 2×10−5 Torr with a constant throughput of argon.
Synthesis and Properties of Carborane-Appended <i>C</i><sub>3</sub>-Symmetrical Extended π Systems (2010)

A series of C(3)-symmetric pi-conjugated compounds containing three to six o-carborane clusters have been synthesized by employing palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions and palladium-catalyzed acetylation reactions, followed by silicon tetrachloride mediated trimerization reactions. Carborane-containing extended trimers were found to emit blue light. Incorporation of o-carborane clusters into extended pi-conjugated systems led to 22-70% enhancement of their relative fluorescence quantum yields. Decapitation of o-carborane clusters made these extended trimers water soluble, and their aqueous solutions were also found to be fluorescent, but with a reduced fluorescence intensity. The carborane-appended pi-conjugated compounds are found to be extremely thermally stable, and for some of these compounds only 10% mass loss occurred at temperatures close to 500 degrees C. The DSC thermograms of smaller C(cage)-appended trimers indicate the occurrence of solid-solid phase transitions.
A phase I study of the oral administration of irinotecan in combination with the potent P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor HM30181A. (2019)

3032 Background: Irinotecan is a prodrug of the potent topoisomerase inhibitor SN-38. In animals, oral administration of irinotecan with the selective minimally absorbed P-gp inhibitor HM30181A increased the bioavailability of irinotecan. Oral administration of irinotecan may also increase the conversion to SN-38. Objectives: To determine the MTD and DLT of orally administered irinotecan in combination with HM30181A 15 mg on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Additional objectives include determining the recommended phase 2 dose and the PK of irinotecan and SN-38. Methods: This was a phase 1 dose escalation study enrolling cohorts of 3-6 patients with advanced malignancies. Patients had Hb ≥9 gm/dL, ANC ≥ 1.5x10 9 /L, platelets ≥ 100x10 9 /L, adequate hepatic and renal function, ECOG 0-1 and were not homozygous for UGT1A1*28. Patients were administered HM30181A 15 mg and oral irinotecan 20, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280 and 320mg/m 2 . Results: Thirty male and female patients, mean age 60.9 (range 33-78) were enrolled into this ongoing study. The most common cancers were ovarian (6), colorectal (4), breast (4), endometrial (3), and pancreatic (3). The median number of cycles administered was 3 (range 1-9). Treatment-related Grade 3-4 AEs were experienced by 12 (40%) subjects. The most common were nausea 7 (23%), vomiting 6 (20%) and abdominal pain 3 (10%). Treatment-related SAEs were experienced by 6 (20%) patients (nausea or vomiting in 4 subjects). DLTs occurred in 2 patients at the 320 mg/m 2 dose level (neutropenia and C. Difficile diarrhea) and additional patients are being enrolled at the 280mg/m 2 dose level to define the MTD. Acute cholinergic diarrhea has not been observed. The best response was stable disease in 9/21 evaluable patients. PK at the three highest dose levels is summarized below. Conclusions: Oral administration of HM30181A in combination with irinotecan tablets results in pharmacologically active concentrations of SN-38. Confirmation of the MTD when dosed on a 21-day cycle is ongoing. Phase 2 studies are being planned. Clinical trial information: NTC02250157. [Table: see text]
SOA-based distance education platform management system design and implementation (2011)

In this paper, we do some exploration and research on the fifth-generation intelligent platform for distance education, and propose a architecture model for this platform. We also focus on the analysis of the key modules and implementation strategy that the intelligent platform for distance education should have and have a detail functional design of each module. At last, service-oriented architecture-based (SOA) implementation of the system of teaching resources programs is presented.
Auger Electron Spectroscopy Study of GaAs Substrate Cleaning Procedures (1982)

Auger electron spectroscopy was used to investigate the residues left on the surface of a (100) substrate after various cleaning procedures. It was found that the C and O contamination that is present on the wafer after boiling in organic solvents can be reduced by an swab or by dips in or and ; that the use of in either a swab or an etch results in S contamination that can then be removed by or and dips; and that the , , and chloroform treatments can leave F and Cl on the surface. The cleaning treatments investigated are evaluated for their usefulness as substrate cleaning procedures for liquid phase epitaxy.
Studies on passivation behavior of tungsten in application to chemical mechanical polishing (1999)

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is considered to be the enabling technology for meeting the planarization requirements in &lt;0.35 μm feature sized multilevel semiconductor device fabrication. CMP of tungsten is done in order to planarize and remove excess tungsten in the process to form inter-level contacts. Considerable importance is given to the role played by the passive oxide film formation on the surface during tungsten CMP. In this study, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to understand the oxide growth mechanism in tungsten. Tungsten wafers are polarized to different anodic potentials in static pH 4 solutions of KIO3 and H2O2, two commonly used oxidizers in CMP. XPS measurements are employed to probe the chemical and stoichiometric changes in the surface oxide films treated under these conditions. These results are then compared with the electrochemical polarization results.
Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Epitaxial Germanium on SiO<sub>2</sub>-patterned Si(001) Substrates (2008)

Aspect Ratio Trapping is a promising technique for heterointegration of Ge onto Si substrates. By growing Ge in patterned SiO 2 trenches, lattice-mismatch dislocations arising from the epitaxial interface can be effectively trapped. However, planarization of these samples is required to enable device fabrication. This paper describes the development and optimization of a chemical mechanical polishing process for these structures. Polishing using diluted Nalco 2360 slurry was investigated, with the addition of NaOCl, NH 4 OH, or H 2 O 2 , for Ge removal rate increase. A slurry mix consisting of Nalco 2360, H 2 O 2 , and DI water was shown to have low dishing and low surface metals contamination, and planarized the Ge Aspect Ratio Trapping samples very effectively.
Nitric oxide limits the eicosanoid‐dependent bronchoconstriction and hypotension induced by endothelin‐1 in the guinea‐pig (1999)

1. This study attempts to investigate if endogenous nitric oxide (NO) can modulate the eicosanoid-releasing properties of intravenously administered endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the pulmonary and circulatory systems in the guinea-pig. 2. The nitric oxide synthase blocker N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 300 microM; 30 min infusion) potentiated, in an L-arginine sensitive fashion, the release of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) stimulated by ET-1, the selective ET(B) receptor agonist IRL 1620 (Suc-[Glu9,Ala11,15]-ET-1(8-21)) or bradykinin (BK) (5, 50 and 50 nM, respectively, 3 min infusion) in guinea-pig isolated and perfused lungs. 3. In anaesthetized and ventilated guinea-pigs intravenous injection of ET-1 (0.1-1.0 nmol kg(-1)), IRL 1620 (0.2-1.6 nmol kg(-1)), BK (1.0-10.0 nmol kg(-1)) or U 46619 (0.2-5.7 nmol kg(-1)) each induced dose-dependent increases in pulmonary insufflation pressure (PIP). Pretreatment with L-NAME (5 mg kg(-1)) did not change basal PIP, but increased, in L-arginine sensitive manner, the magnitude of the PIP increases (in both amplitude and duration) triggered by each of the peptides (at 0.25, 0.4 and 1.0 nmol kg(-1), respectively), without modifying bronchoconstriction caused by U 46619 (0.57 nmol kg(-1)). 4. The increases in PIP induced by ET-1, IRL 1620 (0.25 and 0.4 nmol kg(-1), respectively) or U 46619 (0.57 nmol kg(-1)) were accompanied by rapid and transient increases of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). Pretreatment with L-NAME (5 mg kg(-1); i.v. raised basal MAP persistently and, under this condition, subsequent administration of ET-1 or IRL 1620, but not of U-46619, induced hypotensive responses which were prevented by pretreatment with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. 5. Thus, endogenous NO appears to modulate ET-1-induced bronchoconstriction and pressor effects in the guinea-pig by limiting the peptide's ability to induce, possibly via ET(B) receptors, the release of TxA2 in the lungs and of vasodilatory prostanoids in the systemic circulation. Furthermore, it would seem that these eicosanoid-dependent actions of ET-1 in the pulmonary system and on systemic arterial resistance in this species are physiologically dissociated.
Computer optimization of cutting yield from multiple ripped boards (1978)

RIPYLD is a computer program that optimizes the cutting yield from multiple-ripped boards. Decisions are based onautomatically collected defect information, cutting bill requirements, and sawing variables. The yield to clear cuttings from a board is calculated for every possible permutation of specified rip widths and both the maximum and minimum percent yield solutions are saved. Solutions include rip cut and crosscut locations as well as the percent yield of clear cuttings. (Author)
Severe deficiency of docosahexaenoic acid in peroxisomal disorders (1990)

In confirmation of previous findings, patients with Zellweger's syndrome had extremely low levels of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega 3) in the brain, liver, and kidneys. The other product of delta 4 desaturation, 22:5 omega 6, was also very significantly decreased, as were the ratios 22:6 omega 3/22:5 omega 3 and 22:5 omega 6/22:4 omega 6, especially in the brain and liver of the Zellweger patients. The infant with pseudo-Zellweger's syndrome also had very low levels of 22:6 omega 3 and of the ratio 22:6 omega 3/22:5 omega 3 in all tissues, especially in the brain, where the index 22:5 omega 6/22:4 omega 6 was also very significantly reduced. The ratio 22:6 omega 3/22:4 omega 6 was markedly decreased in all tissues, in Zellweger's as well as in pseudo-Zellweger's syndrome. The findings reported here strongly reinforce the hypothesis of a new enzymatic defect in peroxisomal disorders involving the desaturation of long polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially of the omega 3 family.