gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Differentiation to the Infective Stage of the Protozoan Parasite <i>Leishmania major</i> by Tetrahydrobiopterin (2001)

A critical step in the infectious cycle of Leishmania is the differentiation of parasites within the sand fly vector to the highly infective metacyclic promastigote stage. Here, we establish tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) levels as an important factor controlling the extent of metacyclogenesis. H4B levels decline substantially during normal development, and genetic or nutritional manipulations showed that low H4B caused elevated metacyclogenesis. Mutants lacking pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) had low levels of H4B, remained infectious to mice, and induced larger cutaneous lesions (hypervirulence). Thus, the control of pteridine metabolism has relevance to the mechanism of Leishmania differentiation and the limitation of virulence during evolution.
Lupron Depot Prevention of Antispermatogenic/Antifertility Activity of the Indenopyridine, CDB-4022, in the Rat1 (2001)

The goals of this study were to determine the CDB-4022 dose-response relationship for induction of acute decreases in testicular weight and germ cell depopulation in rats; establish the threshold dose of CDB-4022 required to induce infertility; and investigate whether CDB-4022-induced testicular damage could be prevented by a GnRH agonist (Lupron Depot). Reduction of testis weight and germ cell depopulation were observed 7 days after a single oral dose of 1 mg CDB-4022/kg, whereas 0.5 mg/kg had no observable effect. These effects were maximal at 12.5 or 25 mg CDB-4022/kg. After a single oral dose of either 2.5 or 5 mg/kg, CDB-4022 induced infertility in five of five treated rats by Week 5, whereas only one of five males was rendered infertile at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Proven fertile male rats (6/group) were treated with vehicle, CDB-4022 alone (2.5 mg/kg on Day 0), CDB-4022 plus Lupron Depot (on Weeks -1, 2, 5, and 8), or Lupron Depot alone. Control males demonstrated normal fertility throughout a 32-wk cohabitation period. Five of six rats were rendered transiently infertile with Lupron Depot alone, but all recovered fertility. CDB-4022 treatment resulted in infertility in all six rats, and only one of six regained fertility. Combined treatment also caused infertility in all six rats, but four of six recovered fertility (P = 0.08 compared to CDB-4022 alone). Testicular weight was decreased in the three treatment groups compared to vehicle controls; testicular weights were ranked from highest to lowest as follows: vehicle > Lupron Depot > Lupron Depot + CDB-4022 > CDB-4022. The tubule differentiation index of Lupron Depot-treated rats (96 +/- 4%) was not different from vehicle-treated rats (100%). CDB-4022 treatment decreased the number of differentiating tubules (15 +/- 8%). Lupron Depot plus CDB-4022 treatment resulted in a greater number of differentiating tubules (53 +/- 12%) than CDB-4022 alone, but this was still lower than vehicle- or Lupron Depot-treated rats. These data indicate that 2.5 mg/kg of CDB-4022 was the oral threshold dose that caused testicular damage rendering the majority of adult male rats permanently infertile within the study interval; 12.5 mg/kg of CDB-4022 induced maximal testicular damage. Suppression of gonadotropins and/or testosterone production by treatment with Lupron Depot before and after CDB-4022 prevented the CDB-4022-induced irreversible testicular damage.
CSE1 and CSE2, two new genes required for accurate mitotic chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1993)

By monitoring the mitotic transmission of a marked chromosome bearing a defective centromere, we have identified conditional alleles of two genes involved in chromosome segregation (cse). Mutations in CSE1 and CSE2 have a greater effect on the segregation of chromosomes carrying mutant centromeres than on the segregation of chromosomes with wild-type centromeres. In addition, the cse mutations cause predominantly nondisjunction rather than loss events but do not cause a detectable increase in mitotic recombination. At the restrictive temperature, cse1 and cse2 mutants accumulate large-budded cells, with a significant fraction exhibiting aberrant binucleate morphologies. We cloned the CSE1 and CSE2 genes by complementation of the cold-sensitive phenotypes. Physical and genetic mapping data indicate that CSE1 is linked to HAP2 on the left arm of chromosome VII and CSE2 is adjacent to PRP2 on chromosome XIV. CSE1 is essential and encodes a novel 109-kDa protein. CSE2 encodes a 17-kDa protein with a putative basic-region leucine zipper motif. Disruption of CSE2 causes chromosome missegregation, conditional lethality, and slow growth at the permissive temperature.
Polymer Films on Electrodes: XXII . Electrochemical, Spectroscopic, and Transmission Electron Microscopic Studies of Morphological Changes in Films of Polymeric Surfactants (1988)

An electroactive polymeric surfactant with pendent long‐chain viologen redox groups, , was synthesized by the reaction of poly(chloromethylstyrene) with N‐hexadecyl‐4(4'‐pyridyl)pyridinium bromide. Films of this polymeric‐surfactant on glassy carbon electrodes were studied by electrochemical, microscopic, spectroscopic (absorption‐probe), and electron spin resonance techniques. The results suggest that upon reduction of the viologen groups in aqueous solution, the structure of the polymeric surfactant becomes more compact, probably because of reorganization induced by a decrease in the coulombic repulsive interaction. Spherical domains formed by the aggregation of the long‐chain hydrocarbon groups were observed in the transmission electron micrographs of both the oxidized form and reduced form of the polymeric surfactants.
Solution Structures of Active and Inactive Forms of the DP IV (CD26) Inhibitor Pro-boroPro Determined by NMR Spectroscopy (1994)

Synthesis of the boronic acid analog of the dipeptide Pro-Pro yields a mixture of diastereomers Pro-L-boroPro and Pro-D-boroPro, one of which is a potent inhibitor [Ki = 16 pM; Gutheil, W. G., & Bachovchin, W. W. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 8723-8731] of dipeptidyl amino peptidase type IV (DP IV), also known as CD26. The structures of both diasteremers are determined here in aqueous solution by means of 1D and 2D NMR of 1H, 13C, and 11B, and force-field calculations, and the inhibitor is proven to have the L-L configuration. At low pH values (approximately 2), both diastereomers are trans with respect to the peptide bond. Populations of proline ring conformers are determined by pseudorotation analysis, using vicinal proton spin-coupling constants obtained by computer analysis of 1D1H NMR spectral fine structure. At neutral pH values, the Pro-boroPro inhibitor of DP IV undergoes slow, reversible inactivation (Gutheil & Bachovchin, 1993). By structural determination of the decomposition products of both diasteromers, the process is shown here to involve formation of a six-membered ring between the residues by means of trans-cis conversion and formation of a B-N bond, producing chiral nitrogen atoms in both cases having the S configuration. Analogy to cyclic dipeptides suggests the new compounds be named cyclo(Pro-L-boroPro) and cyclo(Pro-D-boroPro).
Low-Loss Reflection Coatings Using Absorbing Materials (1972)

A new design principle is described which allows construction of mirrors that are of reasonable reflectivity (R&gt;25%) in the extreme ultraviolet (λ = 50 to 500 Å). The measured performance of a first mirror for the near uv using this design principle is given.
The biplot graphic display of matrices with application to principal component analysis (1971)

Any matrix of rank two can be displayed as a biplot which consists of a vector for each row and a vector for each column, chosen so that any element of the matrix is exactly the inner product of the vectors corresponding to its row and to its column. If a matrix is of higher rank, one may display it approximately by a biplot of a matrix of rank two which approximates the original matrix. The biplot provides a useful tool of data analysis and allows the visual appraisal of the structure of large data matrices. It is especially revealing in principal component analysis, where the biplot can show inter-unit distances and indicate clustering of units as well as display variances and correlations of the variables.
High-level expression of the endo- -N-acetylglucosaminidase F2 gene in E.coli: one step purification to homogeneity (1998)

The Endo F2gene was overexpressed in E.coli as a fusion protein joined to the maltose-binding protein. MBP-Endo F2was found in a highly enriched state as insoluble, inactive inclusion bodies. Extraction of the inclusion bodies with 20% acetic acid followed by exhaustive dialysis rendered the fusion protein active and soluble. MBP-Endo F2was digested with Factor Xaand purified on Q-Sepharose. The enzyme was homogeneous by SDS-PAGE, and appeared as a single symmetrical peak on HPLC. Analysis of the amino-terminus demonstrated conclusively that recombinant Endo F2was homogeneous and identical to the native enzyme.
Carmustine, Vincristine, and Prednisone in the Treatment of Canine Lymphosarcoma (2004)

A chemotherapeutic protocol using carmustine in combination with vincristine and prednisone was tested in dogs with multicentric malignant lymphosarcoma. Of seven dogs treated, six (85.7%) achieved complete remission. A partial response occurred in one dog. Median survival time was 224 days (mean 386 days), and median duration of remission was 183 days (mean 323 days). Marked neutropenia was observed following carmustine administration. There were no significant alterations in platelets and red blood cell counts during treatment, and no abnormalities attributable to the chemotherapy were found in serum biochemical profiles. Results of this study showed that carmustine is an effective alternative option in the treatment of canine lymphosarcoma.
Performance of Basic Ventricular Tachycardia Detection Algorithms in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators; Implications for Device Programming (1997)

Around 20% of patients with third generation implantable cardioverter defibrillators receive inappropriate therapy, usually triggered by atrial fibrillation. This is because the criteria used for ventricular tachycardia detection by current implantable cardioverter defibrillators are based on the analysis of a sequence of RR intervals and may be inappropriately satisfied by supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Algorithms for ventricular tachycardia detection were challenged against the full RR interval sequences from 482 spontaneous episodes of atrial fibrillation and 260 spontaneous episodes of ventricular tachycardia to determine their ability to discriminate between the arrhythmias. The sensitivities and specificities of the algorithms were calculated over a wide range of programmable parameters. For a given window length and detection interval, the most stringent algorithms, that required all beats to be classified as "fast", were more specific than those allowing a proportion of "normal" intervals, even after adjustment for differing sensitivity. These differences were less marked for faster tachycardias. Specificity increased with the detection window length to a limit of approximately 18 beats. We conclude that ventricular tachycardia is detected with the highest specificity if all beats in an analyzed sequence are required to be "fast," even after lengthening of the tachycardia detection interval to maintain sensitivity. Further improvement in algorithm performance may require the incorporation of criteria such as tachycardia onset and stability.
Remote Sensing Image Retrieval Using Color and Texture Fused Features (2004)

Retrieval and management of the vast quantitative image data needs efficient approaches of content based image retrieval. Current image retrieval methods in geographic image databases use only one kind of image features, which can not describe image content completely. In this paper, a remote sensing image retrieval approach using color and texture fused features is presented. A given image is decomposed using quin tree, and each subimage except the center one is separated into 5 sublevel subimages until the size of the subimage equals to or is great than 16×16 pixels. The energy values of the image are calculated via multi channel Gabor filter, and the mean values and standard deviations of each subimage are extracted as texture features. The color features are calculated too. Similarity between a given query image and database subimages, which sizes are approximately equal to the former, are measured using linear weighted distance of color and texture features. Then the top similar subimages are returned as query results. This approach is applied to retrieve high resolution remote sensing images from database, and its efficiency is confirmed by the experiments. The comparison of precision and recall between texture based and color texture based image retrieval shows that synthesized features describe image content better than lonely one does.
Conceptual Design of a 3T MRI Superconducting Magnet With Non-Thrust Face Integrated Former (2010)

Recently, 3T MRI system has been one of the fastest growing segments of the MRI clinical diagnoses. In order to lower the 3T MRI cost and allow it to be more widely applied, especially in developing country like China, this paper presents a conceptual design of a 3T superconducting magnet with a non-thrust face integrated former for a whole body MRI system. The concept is an 8-coil active shielded magnet design with the minimized 82 cm standard warm bore size. The operating current is 480 A and the full field is 2.9T. The integrated former was designed to further minimize the coil internal diameter and reduce the superconducting wire length. Unlike traditional formers, there are no coil slots on the former for the coil supporting and positioning to reduce former manufacturing cost. The coils are wound and cast on a detachable mould tooling, and then bonded onto the outer surface of the integrated former. At 4.2 K, the coils remain bonded to the surface of the former; this prevents slight relative movement between the coil and the former in the coil energizing process. This coil-former structure can reduce the quench rate during the magnet ramping process to save liquid Helium and the build quality cost.
Maximum Power Plus RSSI Based Routing Protocol for Bluetooth Low Energy Ad Hoc Networks (2017)

This paper proposes a novel energy-conserving multihop routing protocol to maximize network lifetime and consume the battery in a distributed manner during route discovery in energy-constrained Bluetooth Low Energy ad hoc networks. Furthermore, a flooding avoidance approach is adopted by the proposed scheme to minimize the number of route request packets flooded. In addition, the proposed scheme maximizes network lifetime by using residual battery and RSSI as a route metric. The simulation results confirm that our proposed scheme has a surpassing performance with regard to network lifetime, evenly distributed battery consumption, and route discovery latency compared with the traditional on-demand routing protocol.
Thermodynamic analysis of the N-C-H system (1988)

The high energy content is a considerable drawback of plasma-chemical processes. By improving this factor, this process can become more competitive with the existing methods of synthesis. From this point of view, complex processing of the raw material, where several compounds are obtained as end products, may be beneficial, since this increases the effectiveness of the technology developed. Finally, a closed formation cycle can be produced, and release of harmful discharge into the surrounding environment may be avoided. This work was undertaken to use the results of thermodynamic calculations to evaluate theoretically the possibilities of synthesizing hydrogen cyanide by complex processing of the hydrocarbon raw material in nitrogen plasma at high temperatures. By generalizing the results of the thermodynamic calculations carried out, it can be concluded that to obtain maximum concentrations of hydrogen cyanide together with acetylene and carbon black, complex processing of the hydrocarbon raw material in a nitrogen plasma should be carried out at a weight ratio of nitrogen:hydrocarbon of similarly ordered 2, at a temperature of 2200-2600/sup 0/K, and by preferentially using liquid hydrocarbons.
A review of central neuropathic pain states (2008)

Increased insight into the mechanisms of central pain will hopefully lead to increased efforts to study mechanism-based treatment of central pain.
Nondegenerate Coherent Control of Polariton Modes in a Quantum-Well Semiconductor Microcavity (2000)

We demonstrate nondegenerate coherent control of the cavity-polariton modes of a quantum-well semiconductor microcavity. Coherent excitation and de-excitation of one normal mode using a pair of phase-locked optical pulses gives rise to a nonlinear response on the other normal mode due to the nonlinearity of the exciton transition underlying the normal modes. The cavity enhancement of the excitonic nonlinearity gives rise to a large signal; modulating the relative phase of the excitation pulses between zero and π produces a differential reflectivity (ΔR/R) of up to 15%. Coherent control is used to measure the polariton dephasing time as a function of density. Excitation induced dephasing is shown to be the factor limiting the degree of coherent control.
Oxygen Sensing Based on the Room Temperature Phosphorescence Intensity Quenching of Some Lead–8-hydroxyquinoline Complexes (1997)

8-Hydroxy-5-quinolinesulfonic acid and 8-hydroxy-7-quinolinesulfonic acid chelates of lead, when retained on the surface of anion-exchange resin beads, exhibit strong room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in suspensions of both aqueous and organic solutions. Two oxygen transducers based on RTP quenching measurement of the Pb chelates were evaluated. The immobilised RTP chelates proved to be photochemically stable and their RTP emission highly sensitive towards oxygen. Detection limits lower than 0.1% v/v of oxygen in argon were found. Typical response times were <2 s for a full signal change for gaseous mixtures and about 90 s for solution samples and organic solvents. The sensors were successfully tested for the determination of dissolved oxygen in tap waters.
The role of irregular unit, GAAS, on the secondary structure of <i>Bombyx mori</i> silk fibroin studied with <sup>13</sup>C CP/MAS NMR and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (2002)

Bombyx mori silk fibroin is a fibrous protein whose fiber is extremely strong and tough, although it is produced by the silkworm at room temperature and from an aqueous solution. The primary structure is mainly Ala-Gly alternative copolypeptide, but Gly-Ala-Ala-Ser units appear frequently and periodically. Thus, this study aims at elucidating the role of such Gly-Ala-Ala-Ser units on the secondary structure. The sequential model peptides containing Gly-Ala-Ala-Ser units selected from the primary structure of B. mori silk fibroin were synthesized, and their secondary structure was studied with (13)C CP/MAS NMR and wide-angle X-ray scattering. The (13)C isotope labeling of the peptides and the (13)C conformation-dependent chemical shifts were used for the purpose. The Ala-Ala units take antiparallel beta-sheet structure locally, and the introduction of one Ala-Ala unit in (Ala-Gly)(15) chain promotes dramatical structural changes from silk I (repeated beta-turn type II structure) to silk II (antiparallel beta-sheet structure). Thus, the presence of Ala-Ala units in B. mori silk fibroin chain will be one of the inducing factors of the structural transition for silk fiber formation. The role of Tyr residue in the peptide chain was also studied and clarified to induce "locally nonordered structure."
A Cycling<i>cis</i>-Golgi Protein Mediates Endosome-to-Golgi Traffic (2004)

Toxins can invade cells by using a direct endosome-to-Golgi endocytic pathway that bypasses late endosomes/prelysosomes. This is also a route used by endogenous proteins, including GPP130, which is an integral membrane protein retrieved via the bypass pathway from endosomes to its steady-state location in the cis-Golgi. An RNA interference-based test revealed that GPP130 was required for efficient exit of Shiga toxin B-fragment from endosomes en route to the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, two proteins whose Golgi targeting depends on endosome-to-Golgi retrieval in the bypass pathway accumulated in early/recycling endosomes in the absence of GPP130. GPP130 activity seemed specific to bypass pathway trafficking because the targeting of other tested proteins, including those retrieved to the Golgi via the more conventional late endosome route, was unaltered. Thus, a distally cycling Golgi protein mediates exit from endosomes and thereby underlies Shiga toxin invasion and retrieval-based targeting of other cycling Golgi proteins.
Time-Critical Software Deceleration in an FCCM (2004)

In this paper, we explore two important latency issues associated with using an embedded processor as an assistant to programmable logic within a logic-centric system implemented on a platform FPGA. The context is that of the 'software decelerator' - a term introduced by the authors in 2003 to describe a logic-centric counterpart of the familiar hardware accelerator. We first focus on minimizing latency in the logic-processor interface, introducing an efficient interrupt-driven control mechanism. Then, in the context of a case study on packet address lookup, we focus on minimizing latency in memory interfaces, using the processor's hardware cache mechanism for assistance.
[Body structure and ABO and Rh blood groups in patients with advanced coronary heart disease after aorto-coronary by-pass surgery]. (1994)

A clinical analysis of the anthropometric traits related to body structure, ABO and rhesus blood groups was performed in 200 male individuals coming mainly from Warsaw and its territorial district. All patients were aged from thirty-one to sixty-eight years (X = 42.3) and total duration of coronary heart disease was from 1 to 12 years. The number of 54 patients (21%) was subjected to surgery because of coronary insufficiency, but without myocardial infarction (M.I.). One or three single cases of M.I. were reported in the remaining number of 146 patients (73%). A degree of extension of arteriosclerotic lesions either in two or three coronary arteries was larger determined upon coronarography. The control group for blood--groups in 200 patients was made of 11,820 healthy male--blood from District Blood Donor Station in Warsaw, but for the anthropometric tracts (height, body weight and Rohrer's index) the control group was made of 283 men aged 35-80 years (average 43.2) coming mainly from Warsaw and its district. Patients after aorto-coronary by-pas surgery with highly advanced arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries featured indicated significantly higher number of cases with group AB (p < 0.01) due to deficiency in group O (p < 0.05). It has also been found that the occurrence of rhesus blood group lack in patients having undergone by-pass surgery is significantly common (p < 0.01). No significant difference in anthropological traits between the patients after aorto-coronary by-pass surgery and the control group from the same geographical region was reported.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)