gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digraphs with Isomorphic Underlying and Domination Graphs: 4-cycles and Pairs of Paths (2010)

A domination graph of a digraph D, dom(D), is created using the vertex set of D, V(D). There is an edge uv in dom(D) whenever (u, z) or (v, z) is in the arc set of D, A(D), for every other vertex z ε V(D). For only some digraphs D has the structure of dom(D) been characterized. Examples of this are tournaments and regular digraphs. The authors have characterizations for the structure of digraphs D for which UG(D) = dom(D) or UG(D) ≅ dom(D). For example, when UG(D) ≅ dom(D), the only components of the complement of UG(D) are complete graphs, paths and cycles. Here, we determine values of i and j for which UG(D) ≅ dom(D) and UGC(D) = C4 υ Pi υ Pj.
Constitutionalized Consent: Preemption of State Tax Limits in Municipal Bankruptcy (2017)

Many states impose absolute limits on municipal taxes, such as a one percent maximum property tax. States also commonly require electoral approval of municipal taxes. California's Proposition 13 is the best-known example of such state-imposed requirements. Such restrictions reduce municipal flexibility in dealing with financial distress and may contribute to municipal financial distress.
Make your own retinal projector (2018)

Retinal projection is required for xR applications that can deliver immersive visual experience throughout the day. If general-purpose retinal projection methods can be realized at a low cost, not only could the image be displayed on the retina using less energy, but there is also a possibility of cutting off the weight of projection unit itself from the AR goggles. Several retinal projection methods have been previously proposed. Maxwellian optics based retinal projection was proposed in 1990s [Kollin 1993]. Laser scanning [Liao and Tsai 2009], laser projection using spatial light modulator (SLM) or holographic optical elements were also explored [Jang et al. 2017]. In the commercial field, QD Laser1 with a viewing angle of 26 degrees is available. However, as the lenses and iris of an eyeball are in front of the retina, which is a limitation of a human eyeball, the proposal of retinal projection is generally fraught with narrow viewing angles and small eyebox problems. Due to these problems, retinal projection displays are still a rare commodity because of their difficulty in optical schematics design.
A Hybrid Approach for Automated Detection of Lung Nodules in CT Images (2006)

This paper presents a novel shape based genetic algorithm template matching (GATM) method for the automated detection of lung nodules. The GA process is employed as an optimisation method to effectively search for the location of nodule candidates within the lung area. To define the fitness function for GATM, 3D geometric shape feature is calculated at each voxel and then combined into global nodule intensity distribution. Lung nodule phantom images are used as reference images for template matching. The proposed method has been validated on 70 clinical thoracic CT scans that contain 178 nodules as a gold standard. 151 nodules were detected by the proposed method, a detection rate of 85%, with the number of false positives (FP) at approximately 14.0/scan. This high detection performance provides a good basis for a computer-aided detection (CAD) system for lung nodules.
Design of Pressure Monitoring and Analysis System Based on Nano-Imprint (2010)

Aiming at the weakness and diversity of the signal of nano-imprinting pressure and to meet the requirements of detection of IPC, a signal conditioning system and software was designed based on Max1452.The system achieved data exchange between IPC and conditioning circuit through RS232.Using data acquisition card to receive and control data acquisition circuit.The data chart was showed on the user interface based on VC++.Experiment showed that the system not only had comparatively high linearity,but was also easy to use.
Influence of fatty acid-alcohol esters on percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone butyrate propionate. (1988)

Transcutaneous drug absorption is influenced by the physicochemical properties of both the drug and the vehicle. The effect of the vehicle is very important for the maximum drug effect. The effect of the vehicle can be considered from two standpoints, drug release and interaction with the skin, and therefore absorption of the vehicle itself may affect drug absorption. Because of the wide variety of vehicles mixed in ointments, it is difficult to measure the percutaneous absorption of all of them. It is important to study the relationship between the physicochemical properties of vehicles and the enhancement of absorption of the drug.In this experiment, a series of fatty acid-alcohol esters have been selected since they are frequently used as vehicles for drugs and cosmetics. The effects of the physicochemical properties of these vehicles on the percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone butyrate propionate (HBP), a topical antiinflammatory corticosteroid, were examined. The partition coefficients (log P) of vehicles were determined by calculation.The gel vehicle was applied to the abdominal skin of anesthetized rats. The skin was excised after an appropriate interval and drug absorption was calculated from the unabsorbed drug amount. Drug absorption was enhanced by several additives. The physicochemical property values of additives that may result in maximum drug absorptions were calculated. The optimum values were approximately 12 for the partition coefficient and about 400 for molecular weight. Additives that have quite high hydrophobicity were found to be suitable for HBP (log P=3.3). When isopropyl myristate was used as an additive, after about 15h the absorption rate of HBP was found to have increased. It was suggested that isopropyl myristate has a direct effect on the barrier function. The physicochemical properties of the absorption enhancer affect not only the release of the drug from the vehicle to the skin, but also the interaction between the vehicle and the skin after penetration into the skin.
Immunoglobulin G binding proteins in male <i>Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</i> ticks (1995)

Three abundant immunoglobulin G binding proteins (IGBPs) of 29 kDa (IGBP-MA), 25 kDa (IGBP-MB), and 21 kDa (IGBP-MC) were isolated from partly fed male Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks using an agarose-IgG column. After separating the proteins by SDS-PAGE, each individual IGBP band was cut out from the gel and used to raise antiserum in guinea pigs. Using immunoblotting, each of the three IGBPs was shown to be antigenically distinct, and specific for feeding male R. appendiculatus ticks. They were detected in the salivary glands of male ticks that had been feeding in either the presence of absence of female ticks, and appeared to be glycoproteins. The smallest protein, IGBP-MC, bound to guinea pig IgG (on which species the ticks were fed) and also bound to human and bovine IgG, whereas IGBP-MA and possibly IGBP-MB only bound to guinea pig IgG. The function of IGBPs in tick salivary glands and their significance in male ticks are discussed.
纪念保罗·斯威齐（上） (2004)

网站2004年4月10日刊登的约翰·贝拉米·福斯特所著的题为的长篇悼念文章.该文结合斯威齐的生平、著作,详细地介绍了斯威齐、他创办的杂志和每月评论出版社在批判地分析资本主义和推进社会主义运动上所做出的重大贡献,对我们理解西方马克思主义的理论和实践极有帮助,现摘译如下,以纪念保罗·斯威齐.
DNA damage in round spermatids of mice with a targeted disruption of the Pp1cgamma gene and in testicular biopsies of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (1999)

Non-obstructive azoospermia accounts for a considerable proportion of male factor infertility. Current therapies for treatment of this kind of infertility include procedures such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), round spermatid injection (ROSI), round spermatid nucleus injection (ROSNI) and elongated spermatid injection (ELSI). All involve injection of haploid germ cells retrieved from testicular biopsies into recipient oocytes. We have investigated a mouse model of azoospermia for quality of haploid germ cell genomes, based on 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)/TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) labelling. The mouse model, a targeted mutation in the protein phosphatase 1cg gene, results in severe depletion of haploid germ cells from the round spermatid stage on. Mice homozygous for the mutation are completely infertile, and produce only the occasional spermatozoon. Spermatozoa and round spermatids retrieved from either the epididymides or the testes of mutant mice displayed very high rates of DNA fragmentation. In contrast, similar cells retrieved from heterozygous or wild-type littermates displayed low levels of DNA fragmentation. In some cases, the high rates of DNA fragmentation in mutant cells could be lowered by inclusion of antioxidants in the retrieval media. High rates of DNA fragmentation were also observed in round spermatids retrieved from testicular biospies of human patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. These results suggest that one of the features of the pathology associated with azoospermia is fragmented DNA in haploid germ cells. This raises questions about the suitability of using these cells for fertility treatment.
Detecting malicious URLs using machine learning techniques (2016)

The World Wide Web supports a wide range of criminal activities such as spam-advertised e-commerce, financial fraud and malware dissemination. Although the precise motivations behind these schemes may differ, the common denominator lies in the fact that unsuspecting users visit their sites. These visits can be driven by email, web search results or links from other web pages. In all cases, however, the user is required to take some action, such as clicking on a desired Uniform Resource Locator (URL). In order to identify these malicious sites, the web security community has developed blacklisting services. These blacklists are in turn constructed by an array of techniques including manual reporting, honeypots, and web crawlers combined with site analysis heuristics. Inevitably, many malicious sites are not blacklisted either because they are too recent or were never or incorrectly evaluated. In this paper, we address the detection of malicious URLs as a binary classification problem and study the performance of several well-known classifiers, namely Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machines, Multi-Layer Perceptron, Decision Trees, Random Forest and k-Nearest Neighbors. Furthermore, we adopted a public dataset comprising 2.4 million URLs (instances) and 3.2 million features. The numerical simulations have shown that most classification methods achieve acceptable prediction rates without requiring either advanced feature selection techniques or the involvement of a domain expert. In particular, Random Forest and Multi-Layer Perceptron attain the highest accuracy.
Experimental Development of Alkaline and Acid-Alkaline Bipolar Membrane Electrolytes (2015)

Alkaline and acid-alkaline bipolar membrane electrolytes were prepared from cast and electrospun polymer membranes. The alkaline anion-exchange membrane (AEM) consisted of a polyphenylene oxide (PPO) backbone containing side-chain alkyl amine groups of various lengths. Different AEM membranes were investigated to down-select to a stable chemistry for preparing the acid-alkaline bipolar membrane. Nafion 117 was utilized as the proton-exchange membrane (PEM) component, and the PEM was joined to the AEM to form a PEM-AEM acid-alkaline bipolar membrane electrolyte. Different methods for joining the PEM-AEM were evaluated to determine compatibility matching between layers. In some cases, an electrospun layer junction between the PEM-AEM was created to assist in development. In-plane and through-plane ionic conductivity measurements were performed to evaluate the isolated AEM, PEM and PEM-AEM membranes.
Photocycloaddition in solid poly(vinyl cinnamate). The photoreactive polymer matrix as an ensemble of chromophore sites (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotocycloaddition in solid poly(vinyl cinnamate). The photoreactive polymer matrix as an ensemble of chromophore sitesP. L. Egerton, E. Pitts, and A. ReiserCite this: Macromolecules 1981, 14, 1, 95–100Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma50002a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma50002a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views906Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Tool for Judging Coronary Care Unit Admission Appropriateness, Valid for Both Real-Time and Retrospective Use (1991)

This study developed and tested a tool to assess the likelihood of patients having acute cardiac ischemia and thus the appropriateness of admitting them to the coronary care unit (CCU). It is valid both for real-time clinical use and for retrospective review: a time-insensitive predictive instrument (TIPI). The authors' earlier acute ischemia predictive instrument, not designed specifically to support retrospective use, could not offer the advantage of a single tool usable by both clinicians and reviewers of care. Over a two-year period, the authors prospectively collected data on 5,773 emergency room patients seen in six New England hospitals for symptoms suggesting acute cardiac ischemia. In the Developmental Phase, based on 3,453 such patients seen during the first year, the authors developed a logistic regression-based TIPI for acute cardiac ischemia. Using seven clinical features reliably ascertainable both in the emergency room setting and by medical record review, the TIPI expressed a patient's probability of having acute ischemia as between 0-100%. In this phase, a risk category system based on the TIPI scale was also devised, which created four similar-sized groups, by cutting at 10%, 25%, and 55%. In the Test Phase, when prospectively tested on the 2,320 emergency room patients seen during the second year, the TIPI showed excellent diagnostic performance. Its receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve area of 0.88 was comparable to the original predictive instrument and the ROC curve path suggested performance comparable to physicians as well. Its slope of the relationship between predicted and observed probabilities of having acute ischemia was 1.11 (R2 = 0.97) with a correlation of 0.99 (P less than 0.0001), suggesting excellent calibration of predictions throughout the probability range. For patients who proved to have acute ischemia, the average TIPI probability was 59%, whereas for those without ischemia, the average TIPI value was 21% (P less than 0.0001). This differentiation was maintained even for those given different (including inappropriate) triage to the CCU, ward, or home (P less than 0.0001 for each disposition). When the performance of the four TIPI-based risk groups was prospectively tested on year-two patients, among the 552 patients in the low probability group, only 1.6% had acute cardiac ischemia, including only 0.7% with acute infarctions. Among the 484 patients in the high probability group, 81.6% had acute ischemia, and 53.3% acute myocardial infarctions, suggesting these to be clinically relevant groups for aiding or assessing emergency room triage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Sparse matrix transform for fast projection to reduced dimension (2010)

We investigate three algorithms that use the sparse matrix transform (SMT) to produce variance-maximizing linear projections to a lower-dimensional space. The SMT expresses the projection as a sequence of Givens rotations and this enables computationally efficient implementation of the projection operator. The baseline algorithm uses the SMT to directly approximate the optimal solution that is given by principal components analysis (PCA). A variant of the baseline begins with a standard SMT solution, but prunes the sequence of Givens rotations to only include those that contribute to the variance maximization. Finally, a simpler and faster third algorithm is introduced; this also estimates the projection operator with a sequence of Givens rotations, but in this case, the rotations are chosen to optimize a criterion that more directly expresses the dimension reduction criterion.
Characterization of Two Novel mAbs Recognizing Different Epitopes on CD43 (2014)

JL1, a specific epitope on CD43, is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of acute leukemia. Although qualitative assays for detecting leukemia-specific CD43 exist, there is a need to develop quantitative assays for the same. Here, we developed two novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 2C8 and 8E10, recognizing different epitopes on CD43. These clones are capable of pairing with YG5, another mAb against JL1 epitope, because they were selectively obtained using sandwich ELISA. Antigens recognized by 2C8 and 8E10 were confirmed as CD43 by western blotting using the CD43-hFC recombinant protein. When expression on various leukemic cell lines was investigated, 2C8 and 8E10 displayed a disparity in the distribution of the epitope. Enzyme assays revealed that these mAbs recognized a sialic acid-dependent epitope on CD43. Using normal thymus and lymph node paraffin-embedded tissues, we confirmed a difference in the epitopes recognized by the two mAbs that was predicted based on the maturity of the cells in the tissue. In summary, we developed and characterized two mAbs, 2C8 and 8E10, which can be used with YG5 in a sandwich ELISA for detecting leukemia-specific CD43.
Augmented faces (2011)

In this paper we present a fully automatic system for face augmentation on mobile devices. A user can point his mobile phone to a person and the system recognizes his or her face. A tracking algorithm overlays information about the identified person on the screen, thereby achieving an augmented reality effect. The tracker is running on the mobile client, while the recognition is running on a server. The database on the server is built by a fully autonomous crawling method, which taps social networks. For this work we collected 300 000 images from Facebook. The social context gained during this social network analysis is also used to improve the face recognition. The complete system runs in real time on a state-of-the-art mobile phone and is fully automatic, from offline crawling up to augmentation on the mobile device. It can be used to display more information about the identified persons or as a user interface for mixed reality application. To the best of our knowledge this is the first work, which covers such a system end-to-end.
Rapid comprehensive two-dimensional separations of peptides via RPLC-optically gated capillary zone electrophoresis (1995)

Coupled-column two dimensional (2D) separation systems offer potentially high peak capacity and are amenable to automation. Reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) are complementary techniques well suited for use in a 2D system. Optically gated CZE is a means of performing rapid CZE analyses. In a 2D system, these rapid CZE analyses enable more frequent sampling of the RPLC separation and thus more freedom in control of the RPLC analysis conditions. Complete 2D separations can be done in the time usually required to do the RPLC analysis alone. With the present system, a complete 2D analysis can be done in under 10 min. Because the peak capacity of a 2D method is inherently high, some of the available peak capacity can be exchanged for speed of analysis. Acceleration of the RPLC elution gradient will decrease analysis time, but RPLC resolution will suffer. However, because it is a 2D system, some of the resolution lost in the RPLC can be regained in the second dimension CZE analysis. Here, the RPLC gradient was done over only 2 min, but CZE analyses done every 2.5 s restore some of the resolution lost in the rapid RPLC gradient.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Homogeneous Catalysis ‐ Quo Vadis? (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cellular spectrum efficiency via reuse planning (1985)

The design of cellular systems impacts spectrum efficiency and service quality via several design choices and techniques. The reuse pattern "N" and sector plan are choices that trade off spectrum efficiency and voice quality. Overlaid cells, channel borrowing and reuse partitioning are techniques to improve that tradeoff. These effects can be quantified in generak by fairly simple rules. However, specific system growth planning depends critically on the traffic distribution in a particular city and becomes very complex in large systems. We have developed computer aids to automate growth planning and this paper reports a set of empirical studies using these aids. One of the most surprising results is how sensitive capacity is to traffic distribution.
Hepatitis B virus suppresses toll-like receptor–mediated innate immune responses in murine parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver cells # (2008)

Our data indicate that HBV can suppress the TLR-induced antiviral activity of liver cells. This has major implications for the interaction between HBV and the immune system.
Extrusion Processing of Broiler Starter Diets Containing Ground Whole Hens, Poultry By-Product Meal, Feather Meal, or Ground Feathers (1991)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of ground whole hens in broiler starting diets processed through an extruder. In both experiments, the extruded whole hen diet improved growth rate and feed conversion in broiler chicks when compared with the unextruded corn-soybean meal diet. There were no differences (P≤.05) in body weight, feed consumption, or feed conversion performance of chicks fed diets in either the extruded or unextruded form. No microorganism colonies were found, using total aerobic plate count, when feed was extruded at 132 or 140 C. These results demonstrate that extrusion technology can be used to process diets containing freshly ground whole hens to produce a nutritionally adequate broiler diet and that the whole hens can be included at 9.3% (dry basis) in a broiler diet. Considerable variation was found for DM, CP, and crude fat percentages among samples of both culled and dead hens collected from a commercial laying operation. The magnitude of this variation emphasizes the need to evaluate critically the chemical composition of hens if they are to be used as a feedstuff.
Expression of tenascin‐C in various human brain tumors and its relevance for survival in patients with astrocytoma (2003)

The most constant TN-C immunopositivity was noted in the ECM of the fibrotic stroma in highly malignant brain tumors and along the tumor border, especially in high-grade astrocytomas. The current results suggest that TN-C expression may be correlated with the grade of malignancy in astrocytic tumors and that the presence or absence of TN-C expression in the stroma of astrocytic tumors may play a not yet clearly understood role in shortening or prolonging, respectively, the survival of patients.