gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On talker verification via orthogonal parameters (1981)

The method of orthogonal parameters uses the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix of covariances of measurements made on a population of utterances from a given talker to transform measurements made on an utterance from an unknown talker. The values include a subset of the principle components (obtained by Hotelling transformation), plus other values dependent on the variances of the principle components. Variations of the method are given. Earlier work applied the method to measurements which were sets of linear prediction coefficients, reflection coefficients, and logarithmic areas derived from the speech waveform, and suggested that highly accurate speaker verification could be achieved, independent of the speech transmission system, and of the text. Present work shows that there is serious dependence on the transmission system, and that accuracies in the range 90-95 percent are typical with utterances of about 2 s duration. Investigation of a new distance measure based on covariances, combined with study of the factors influencing distortion in telephone transmission, resulted in a new method based on covariances of logarithmic spectral estimates. The results of this method, giving accuracies of about 95 percent, were robust in the presence of transmission coloration. Some remaining research problems are defined.
Mitigating Multipath Bias Using a Dual-Polarization Antenna: Theoretical Performance, Algorithm Design, and Simulation (2017)

It is well known that multipath effect remains a dominant error source that affects the positioning accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. Significant efforts have been made by researchers and receiver manufacturers to mitigate multipath error in the past decades. Recently, a multipath mitigation technique using dual-polarization antennas has become a research hotspot for it provides another degree of freedom to distinguish the line-of-sight (LOS) signal from the LOS and multipath composite signal without extensively increasing the complexity of the receiver. Numbers of multipath mitigation techniques using dual-polarization antennas have been proposed and all of them report performance improvement over the single-polarization methods. However, due to the unpredictability of multipath, multipath mitigation techniques based on dual-polarization are not always effective while few studies discuss the condition under which the multipath mitigation using a dual-polarization antenna can outperform that using a single-polarization antenna, which is a fundamental question for dual-polarization multipath mitigation (DPMM) and the design of multipath mitigation algorithms. In this paper we analyze the characteristics of the signal received by a dual-polarization antenna and use the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) to assess the theoretical performance of DPMM in different received signal cases. Based on the assessment we answer this fundamental question and find the dual-polarization antenna's capability in mitigating short delay multipath-the most challenging one among all types of multipath for the majority of the multipath mitigation techniques. Considering these effective conditions, we propose a dual-polarization sequential iterative maximum likelihood estimation (DP-SIMLE) algorithm for DPMM. The simulation results verify our theory and show superior performance of the proposed DP-SIMLE algorithm over the traditional one using only an RHCP antenna.
malnets: large‐scale malicious networks <i>via</i> compromised wireless access points (2009)

Abstract Densely populated areas are increasingly filled with vulnerable wireless routers set up by unsophisticated users. In isolation, such routers appear to represent only a minor threat, but in aggregate, the threat can be much greater. We introduce the notion of malnets : networks of adversary‐controlled wireless routers targeted to a physical geography. Similar to Internet worms such as Slammer and Code‐Red, malnets are created by the recursive compromise of targeted devices. However, unlike their traditionally wired counterparts, malnet worms exploit only other routers that are within their transmission range. The malnet thus creates a parallel wireless infrastructure that is ( a ) completely under control of the adversary, and ( b ) spans a targeted physical area, creating a valuable infrastructure for a variety of virtual and physical attacks. We initially study the propagation characteristics of commercial routers and model inter‐router connectivity using publicly available war‐driving data. The resulting characterization is applied to well‐known epidemiological models to explore the success rates and speeds of malnet creation across cities such as New York, Atlanta, and Los Angles. Finally, we use a sampling of available exploits to demonstrate the construction of multi‐vector, multi‐platform worms capable of targeting wireless routers. Our analysis show that an adversary can potentially deploy a malnet of over 24,000 routers in Manhattan in less than 2,h. Through this work we show that malnets are not only feasible but can be efficiently deployed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive filters employing partial updates (1997)

In some adaptive filtering applications, the least-mean-square (LBIS) algorithm may be too computationally- and memory-intensive to implement. In this paper, we analyze two adaptive algorithms that update only a portion of the coefficients of the adaptive filter per iteration. These algorithms use decimated versions of the error and regressor signals, respectively. Simulations verify the accuracy of the analyzes, and the robustness of the algorithms is also explored.
Monolithic 3D IC vs. TSV-based 3D IC in 14nm FinFET technology (2016)

In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive design comparison of 2D ICs, monolithic 3D ICs and TSV-based 3D ICs using a silicon-validated 14nm FinFET foundry technology and commercial quality designs. Through full-chip layouts and sign-off analysis using commercial-grade tools, the potential of monolithic 3D IC is explored and validated in terms of power, performance and area against that of TSV-based 3D ICs and 2D ICs.
PVT-aware digital techniques for a power line energy-harvesting sensor node (2016)

Digital circuits are more resilient to PVT variations, has smaller area and lower power consumption than analog circuits. In this paper, two digital techniques, wait state and time slot, were used to solve the timing failures in the operation of the digital processing block of a power line sensor node. In this sensor node design, timing failures occur because of two reasons: 1) the power-on reset (POR) circuits are switching early and 2) the storage capacitor of the energy harvesting block cannot fully support the required energy during transmit operations. Using wait states, timing failures were prevented by providing timing margin between the POR switching and the activation of the digital blocks. The counters to implement the wait states only contributed 2% additional area and 5% addition al power consumption to the digital processor. The time slot technique, on the other hand, prevented timing failures by providing a schedule for the transmit operation to execute only at a time when Pin is higher than P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">transmit</sub> . Using this technique, the size of the storage capacitor of the energy harvesting block was reduced 50 times compared when the technique is not used. The power line sensor node was successfully fabricated in 65nm CMOS process with an area of 4.84mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and was designed to work at a noisy voltage supply of 500mV with a voltage ripple of 15mV peak to peak and a wide temperature range of 0°C to 120°C.
Self-assembled nanoparticles of cholesterol-modified<i>O</i>-carboxymethyl chitosan as a novel carrier for paclitaxel (2008)

Self-assembled nanoparticles of cholesterol-modified O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CCMC) were prepared to be used as a novel carrier for paclitaxel (PTX) in this study. CCMC-6.9 was synthesized by the covalent conjugation of cholesterol to O-carboxymethyl chitosan with the succinyl linkage and the degree of substitution (DS) of the cholesterol moiety was 6.9%. CCMC-6.9 formed self-assembled nanoparticles with a size of 209.5 nm in aqueous media. Paclitaxel-loaded CCMC-6.9 self-assembled nanoparticles were prepared using a dialysis method and their characteristics were analyzed by dynamic laser light scattering (LLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV). PTX-loaded CCMC-6.9 self-assembled nanoparticles were almost spherical in shape and their size increased from 245.6 to 355.3 nm with PTX-loading content increasing from 18.7% to 34.9%. In vitro release of PTX from CCMC-6.9 self-assembled nanoparticles was carried out by the dynamic dialysis method. PTX continuously released in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions for 84 h at 37 °C and its release was sensitive to the pH of the release media. The biodistribution of PTX-loaded CCMC-6.9 self-assembled nanoparticles was studied in female Balb/c mice. Compared with PTX in the solution of Cremophor EL (polyethoxylated castor oil)/ethanol (PTX-Cre), CCMC-6.9 self-assembled nanoparticles significantly increased the uptake of PTX in plasma, liver and spleen, but decreased the uptake in heart and kidney. These results suggest that CCMC-6.9 self-assembled nanoparticles can effectively solubilize PTX and modify its tissue biodistribution, which may be advantageous in enhancing the therapeutic index and reducing the toxicity of PTX.
Very Long-Term Results (More Than 20 Years) of Valve Repair With Carpentier's Techniques in Nonrheumatic Mitral Valve Insufficiency (2001)

Mitral valve repair using Carpentier's technique in patients with nonrheumatic MVI provides excellent long-term results with a mortality rate similar to that of the general population and a very low incidence of reoperation.
Biologically synthesized iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) from Phoenix dactylifera have anti-bacterial activities (2021)

Nanotechnology is a vast field of science with the most vibrant and conspicuous applications. The green synthesis approach is cost-effective, eco-friendly, and produces the most stable metal-based nanoparticles without the use of toxic chemicals. This study presents the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs). For biosynthesis of FeNPs, Phoenix dactylifera extract was used as a reducing agent and iron sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O) was used as a substrate. FeNPs were characterized by different techniques including UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nano zeta-sizer analysis. The antimicrobial activity of FeNPs synthesized by using an aqueous extract of Phoenix dactylifera was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus leutus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. A notable color change from yellow to black confirmed the synthesis of FeNPs. The sharp peak at 450 nm UV-Visible spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of FeNPs. FTIR showed the presence of O-H and C=C stretching due to the presence of phenol and alkene functional groups. The average size of FeNPs was 6092 d.nm. The results of antimicrobial activity showed that FeNPs exhibit different potential against different bacterial strains with a maximum 25 ± 0.360 zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli. Thus, green synthesized FeNPs could be used as potential antimicrobial agents.
Development and assessment of a device and method for studying the mechanical interactions between shoes and playing surfaces<i>in situ</i>at loads and rates generated by elite athletes (2012)

The literature is lacking the description of a device and method for simulating and measuring shoe-turf interactions at loads and rates generated in situ by elite athletes during performance. A transportable device was built to quantify these interactions through three tests that reflect generic classes of tasks: 1) translation test; 2) rotation test; and 3) translation/drop test. All the three tests were performed using the cleated portion of a molded American football shoe on two types of natural grass surfaces. To assess repeatability of tests, we performed multiple trials of each test under the same testing conditions. To assess sensitivity of the device, the type of playing surface, temperature, and moisture level were varied. The variation among the results of repeated trials of a given set of testing conditions was less than that between the results of a given test under differing testing conditions, so the device and method were deemed to have acceptable levels of repeatability and sensitivity in the set of conditions considered.
Correspondence analysis of genes and tissue types and finding genetic links from microarray data. (2000)

In this paper, we propose and use two novel procedures for the analysis of microarray gene expression data. The first is correspondence analysis which visualizes the relationship between genes and tissues as two 2 dimensional graphs, oriented so that distances between genes are preserved, distances between tissues are preserved, and so that genes which primarily distinguish certain types of tissue are spatially close to those tissues. For the inference of genetic links, partial correlations rather than correlations are the key issue. A partial correlation between i and j is the relationship between i and j after the effect of surrounding genes has been subtracted out of their pairwise correlation. This leads to the area of graphical modeling. A limitation of the graphical modeling approach is that the correlation matrix of expression profiles between genes is degenerate whenever the number of genes to be analyzed exceeds the number of distinct expression measurements. This can cause considerable problems, as calculation of partial correlations typically uses the inverse of the correlation matrix. To avoid this limitation, we propose two practical multiple regression procedures with variable selection to measure the net, screened, relationship between pairs of genes. Possible biases arising from the analysis of a subset of genes from the genome are examined in the worked examples. It seems that both these approaches are more natural ways of analyzing gene expression data than the currently popular approach of two way clustering.
Immunodiffusion Studies of Purified Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (1971)

Antigenicity of purified equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus was examined by immunodiffusion against sera obtained from horses experimentally infected with EIA virus. The purified virus reacted with the infected horse serum, and virus-specific precipitating antibody was demonstrated. Furthermore, it was found that purified EIA virus reacted against the serum of horses infected with all strains of EIA virus which were antigenically different from one another. From the result, group-specific components of the virus rather than strain-specific ones were considered to be involved in the reaction. Serological reactivity was lost by adding antiserum from the infected horse to the antigen. The precipitating antibody usually appeared in the serum 1 to 2 weeks after the first febrile attack of EIA and remained for a longer period. Some characteristics of the purified antigen and specificity of the reaction for EIA are described.
How do UV Photomorphogenic Responses Confer Water Stress Tolerance?¶† (2003)

Although ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is potentially harmful, it is an important component of terrestrial radiation to which plants have been exposed since invading land. Since then, plants have evolved mechanisms to avoid and repair UV radiation damage; therefore, it is not surprising that photomorphogenic responses to UV-B are often assumed to be adaptations to harmful radiation. This presupposes that the function of the observed responses is to prevent UV damage. It has been hypothesized that, as with blue light, UV-B provides a signal important for normal plant development and might be perceived within developing plants through nondestructive processes, perhaps through UV-specific signal perception mechanisms. UV signal perception can lead to photomorphogenic responses that may confer adaptive advantages under conditions associated with high-light environments, such as water stress. Plant responses to UV radiation in this regard include changes in leaf area, leaf thickness, stomatal density, photosynthetic pigment production and altered stem elongation and branching patterns. Such responses may lead to altered transpiration rates and water-use efficiencies. For example, we found that the cumulative effect of ambient UV-B radiation upon stomatal density and conductance can lead to altered water-use efficiencies. In field settings, UV might more properly be viewed as a photomorphogenic signal than as a stressor. Hence, it might be insufficient to attempt to fully evaluate the adaptive roles of plant responses to UV-B cues upon stress tolerance by the simultaneous application of UV and drought stress during development. We propose that rather than examining a plant's response to combinations of stressors one might also examine how a plant's response to UV induces tolerance to subsequently applied stresses.
<title>Multisensor system for mine detection</title> (1996)

This paper describes a vehicular mine detection system which automatically detects and marks buried land mines using very recent breakthroughs in mine detection technology. It combines proven detection technologies to realize a near 100% probability of detection for anti-tank mines. The detection system utilizes information from forward looking thermal and imaging system with downward looking radar and inductive pulse metal detection to sense the presence of buried or obscured land mines. Detection subsystems include: a sensor module, system processor, geographic location module and a real-time mine marking system. It also contains a registration process module which brings all selected targets, either in pixel space or sensor array position, to common platform coordinates, which in turn, are referenced to earth coordinates through GPS tracking of the platform. This registration process is extremely important, especially when integrating IR images from cameras whose positions are in non- nadir orientations. The detection system output provides geographic location of target mines, depth information, approximate mine shape and size, a natural scene image with graphically annotated mine locations.
52.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Highly Efficient White Top‐Emission PIN OLEDs for Display and Lighting (2010)

Abstract Here we report high efficiency white top‐emission (TE) OLEDs for display and lighting applications. Featuring sputtered ITO top contact, thin film encapsulation (TFE) and out‐coupling layers on top, high performance white TE OLEDs are demonstrated with power and external quantum efficiencies of 25 lm/W and 25%, respectively. Similar high efficiencies are also presented for top‐emission devices built on bendable metal substrates with a thickness of only 0.2 mm. Both types of devices have broad spectra with 1931 CIE color coordinates of 0.38/0.37 on glass and 0.43/0.40 on the metal substrate. The color rendering index (CRI) reaches a value of 80. In another white top‐emission OLEDs approach, semitransparent metal top contacts are combined with a scattering cap layer to achieve a high power efficiency of up to 20 lm/W. Those devices exhibit extremely stable color coordinates over a wide range of viewing angles, which is attributed to the scattering behavior of the cap layer material.
An analog 0.25 μm BiCMOS tailbiting MAP decoder (2002)

Digital decoders play a fundamental role in extracting signals from a noisy background. Mixed-signal decoders are recently employed in applications to capture the potential of smaller size, higher speed or lower power consumption when compared to an equivalent digital implementation. Developing an all-analog decoder can further improve on these parameters. Furthermore, decoders for tailbiting convolutional codes and concatenated coding schemes (e.g., turbo codes) incorporate a closed loop which allows the development of a highly-parallel analog network. The authors describe an implementation of such an analog decoder using a 0.25 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process.
DNA replication timing of the human β-globin domain is controlled by histone modification at the origin (2008)

The human beta-globin genes constitute a large chromosomal domain that is developmentally regulated. In nonerythroid cells, these genes replicate late in S phase, while in erythroid cells, replication is early. The replication origin is packaged with acetylated histones in erythroid cells, yet is associated with deacetylated histones in nonerythroid cells. Recruitment of histone acetylases to this origin brings about a transcription-independent shift to early replication in lymphocytes. In contrast, tethering of a histone deacetylase in erythroblasts causes a shift to late replication. These results suggest that histone modification at the origin serves as a binary switch for controlling replication timing.
An efficient opportunistic cooperative diversity protocol for IEEE 802.11 networks (2010)

Opportunistic cooperation promises to enhance the user experience when streaming media over wireless devices by improving wireless network reliability at the link level. This paper presents DAFMAC, an efficient cooperative diversity partner selection algorithm for IEEE 802.11 devices. Simulation results show DAFMAC provides a significantly higher transmission reliability in poor channel conditions than traditional ARQ techniques without modifying the device hardware. Further analysis shows the low overhead of DAFMAC makes it highly competitive with other proposed cooperative retransmission mechanisms in an ad-hoc network.
An Expert System for Computer Generation of Cable, Conduit, and Tray Schedules for Industrial Power and Control Systems (1995)

Integrated Design Systems (IDS) are the wave of the future in the Engineering and Construction industry. These systems use powerful relational database programs to allow the data from a single entry point to be the source information for several forms of data output. The high costs of relational database software, network hardware and development of the expert system programing which links the system together, limits those who can take advantage of IDS. For those who desire the increased productivity and higher quality control of a single entry point system, but do not require the full functionality of a complete IDS package, this paper discusses the development of a system, based on common dBase commands, which automatically generates electrical cable, conduit and tray schedules from information within an existing electrical load list database.
Treatment With 9-<i>cis</i>β-Carotene–Rich Powder in Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa (2013)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01256697.
Patterning Polymers by Micro-Fluid-Contact Printing (2001)

Equally sized and regularly spaced polymer dots can be produced by the new approach, based on microcontact printing, described here. It is shown that the printed dots are smaller than the protrusions of the stamp used and result from the transfer of polymer dot-like aggregates formed by a topographically controlled dewetting process (see Figure) of the polymer solution on the microstructured stamp surface.