gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SV-RCNet: Workflow Recognition From Surgical Videos Using Recurrent Convolutional Network (2017)

We propose an analysis of surgical videos that is based on a novel recurrent convolutional network (SV-RCNet), specifically for automatic workflow recognition from surgical videos online, which is a key component for developing the context-aware computer-assisted intervention systems. Different from previous methods which harness visual and temporal information separately, the proposed SV-RCNet seamlessly integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a recurrent neural network (RNN) to form a novel recurrent convolutional architecture in order to take full advantages of the complementary information of visual and temporal features learned from surgical videos. We effectively train the SV-RCNet in an end-to-end manner so that the visual representations and sequential dynamics can be jointly optimized in the learning process. In order to produce more discriminative spatio-temporal features, we exploit a deep residual network (ResNet) and a long short term memory (LSTM) network, to extract visual features and temporal dependencies, respectively, and integrate them into the SV-RCNet. Moreover, based on the phase transition-sensitive predictions from the SV-RCNet, we propose a simple yet effective inference scheme, namely the prior knowledge inference (PKI), by leveraging the natural characteristic of surgical video. Such a strategy further improves the consistency of results and largely boosts the recognition performance. Extensive experiments have been conducted with the MICCAI 2016 Modeling and Monitoring of Computer Assisted Interventions Workflow Challenge dataset and Cholec80 dataset to validate SV-RCNet. Our approach not only achieves superior performance on these two datasets but also outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by a significant margin.
Efficient Multi-Hypothesis Error Concealment Technique for H.264 (2007)

An efficient multi-hypothesis error concealment algorithm for H.264 video is proposed in this work. The proposed algorithm temporally conceals a lost block by combining several hypothesis blocks in the previous frame. We investigate the error recovery performance according to the number of hypotheses and the weighting coefficients. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides better performance than the conventional error concealment algorithm, although the additional complexity requirement is negligible.
Design of D-STATCOM for voltage regulation in Microgrids (2010)

Fluctuating power resulting from renewable energy sources is strictly challenging power quality in Microgrid systems. This paper presents a Distributed-STATCOM (D-STATCOM) to alleviate variation of both positive-sequence and negative-sequence voltages at the fundamental frequency. The D-STATCOM operates as separate conductances at the fundamental positive- and negative-sequence frequency, respectively, to restore the positive-sequence voltage to the nominal value as well as suppress the negative-sequence voltage to an allowable level. The conductance commands are dynamically tuned according to voltage fluctuation at the installation location, so voltage variation could be reduced in response to load change and variable renewable energy. A resonant current regulation is implemented for fundamental current tracking as well as harmonic current reduction due to high voltage distortion in low-voltage Microgrid. This feature is a significant advantage in practical applications. Supporting results from computer simulations are provided to validate effectiveness.
Proposing measures of flicker in the low frequencies for lighting applications (2011)

The IEEE Standards Working Group, IEEE PAR1789 "Recommending practices for modulating current in High Brightness LEDs for mitigating health risks to viewers" has been formed to advise the lighting industry and standards groups about the emerging concern of flicker in LED lighting. This paper intends to introduce new measures and definitions of lamp flicker in lighting. The discussion represents on-going work in IEEE PAR1789 that is vital to designing safe LED lamp drivers.
RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF CEREBRAL ATROPHY IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (1986)

A 21-year-old female is described who developed severe cerebral lupus 9 months after the onset of her disease. A dramatic change in her CT brain scan from normal to gross cerebral atrophy was observed in the month following onset of her cerebral disease. This patient developed hepatitis during the course of her hospitalization. This is an unusual manifestation of systemic lupus. The patient's serum also contained anti-Sm antibodies. This is a relatively infrequent finding in the serum of lupus patients outside the United States.
Single cell seawater batteries (2002)

The author explores the feasibility of providing watts of power for years with a single-cell approach built around aluminum anodes and oxygen-consuming or hydrogen-evolving cathodes. Instead of connecting cells together in the usual manner to form a battery, a single cell can power numerous small DC/DC power converters which together provide useful voltage and current from a single low-voltage source. One of the major mechanical design problems is how to achieve deployment of a large surface area cathode and yet store the undeployed battery in a small volume. This has been achieved by designing the single-cell like a wire rope. As a result of advances in DC/DC converter technology, aluminum alloys, and oxygen reduction catalysts, single cell batteries powered by oxygen dissolved in the ocean are capable of yielding in excess of 290 Wh/pound of battery. While hydrogen evolution systems cannot thermodynamically match this level, their projected levels are still high enough to exceed primary lithium systems protected from hydrostatic pressure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Complete Genome Sequence of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> KF147, a Plant-Associated Lactic Acid Bacterium (2010)

Lactococcus lactis is a lactic acid bacterium used in the production of many fermented dairy products. We report the complete genome sequence of L. lactis subsp. lactis KF147, a nondairy strain isolated from mung bean sprouts. The circular chromosome of 2,598,144 bp, the largest among the sequenced lactococcal strains, encodes many properties related to adaptation to the plant environment.
Fourth‐line rescue therapy with rifabutin in patients with three <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication failures (2012)

Even after three previous H. pylori eradication failures, an empirical fourth-line rescue treatment with rifabutin may be effective in approximately 50% of the cases. Therefore, rifabutin-based rescue therapy constitutes a valid strategy after multiple previous eradication failures with key antibiotics, such as clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline and levofloxacin.
Inhibition of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida by 3-chlorocatechol (1981)

Partially purified preparations of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from toluene-grown cells of Pseudomonas putida catalyzed the stoichiometric oxidation of 3-methylcatechol to 2-hydroxy-6-oxohepta-2,4-dienoate. Other substrates oxidized by the enzyme preparation were catechol, 4-methylcatechol, and 4-fluorocatechol. The apparent Michaelis constants for 3-methylcatechol and catechol were 10.6 and 22.0 muM, respectively. Substitution at the 4-position decreases the affinity and activity of the enzyme for the substrate. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase preparations did not oxidize 3-chlorocatechol. In addition, incubation of the enzyme with 3-chlorocatechol led to inactivation of the enzyme. Kinetic analyses revealed that both 3-chlorocatechol and 4-chlorocatechol were noncompetitive or mixed-type inhibitors of the enzyme. 3-Chlorocatechol (Ki = 0.14 muM) was a more potent inhibitor than 4-chlorocatechol (Ki = 50 muM). The effect of the ion-chelating agents Tiron and o-phenanthrolene were compared with that of 3-chlorocatechol on the inactivation of the enzyme. Each inhibitor appeared to remove iron from the enzyme, since inactive enzyme preparations could be fully reactivated by treatment with ferrous iron and a reducing agent.
OPTIONS FOR ABATING GREENHOUSE GASES FROM EXHAUST STREAMS. (2001)

This report examines different alternatives for replacing, treating, and recycling greenhouse gases. It is concluded that treatment (abatement) is the only viable short-term option. Three options for abatement that were tested for use in semiconductor facilities are reviewed, and their performance and costs compared. This study shows that effective abatement options are available to the photovoltaic (PV) industry, at reasonable cost.
A Novel Differential Evolution Algorithm Based on Chaos Local Search (2009)

As an effective tool for optimization, differential evolution (DE) has aroused much interest. But the premature convergence of it often gives rise to erroneous results so should be improved. In this paper, a novel differential evolutionary algorithm (DECH) based on chaos local search (CLS) is proposed, which divides DE algorithm into two stages. Firstly, DECH runs with original DE model 'DE/best/1/bin' to ensure ability of global search. Secondly, DECH runs with chaos search to ensure ability of local search. In experiments, it is proved that DECH can balance the ability of the local search and global search to keep the diversity of population. Compared with original DE and other modified DE by testing on five typical benchmark functions, DECH has superior global convergence and robustness, which means it's suitable for solving global optimization problems.
Picosecond Electron-Optical Chronography (1972)

An image-tube streak camera has been further developed to be completely electronically operated, with an improved instrumental time resolution of &lt;4 psec and negligible background. With a trigger pulse of 10 V and a rise time of 1 nsec, the over-all system triggering jitter is &lt;200 psec. The camera has been used to measure the durations of ultrashort pulses (2–3 psec) from a mode-locked dye laser.
Effect of heparin on synthesis of short chain collagen by chondrocytes and smooth muscle cells. (1987)

The treatment of embryonic chick chondrocyte cultures with heparin results in a decrease in collagen synthesis. One of the collagens synthesized by hypertrophic chondrocytes, specifically type X collagen, may play an important role in cartilage mineralization and endochondral ossification. Recently a new short chain collagenous component was found in cultures of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (Majack, R. A., and P. Bornstein, 1985, J. Cell Biol., 100: 613-619). The present study was initiated to investigate heparin's effect on type X collagen in embryonic chick chondrocytes and to further evaluate the nature of the short chain component synthesized by rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Different tissues may respond differently to the administration of heparin. In chondrocyte cultures heparin decreased both total collagen synthesis as well as the synthesis of type X collagen. There was an accumulation of collagen precursors, found principally in the cell layer compartment, which appeared to be the result of heparin's inhibition of the NH2-terminal protease. In cultures of rat vascular smooth muscle cells heparin was found to increase the synthesis of a short chain collagenous component as previously reported. However, comparison with a type X collagen standard showed this to be different from type X. In all cases, the effect of heparin on collagen chain precursors, chondrocyte type X synthesis, and synthesis of a vascular smooth muscle short chain collagen was shown to be reversible. Similar effects were obtained by adding chondroitin sulfate to chondrocytes, suggesting a role for extracellular matrix components in the modulation of collagen synthesis. These findings are consistent with the concept of a group of short chain collagens with type X collagen being unique to hypertrophic chondrocytes.
In Situ Growth Rates and Biofilm Development of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Populations in Chronic Lung Infections (2007)

The growth dynamics of bacterial pathogens within infected hosts are a fundamental but poorly understood feature of most infections. We have focused on the in situ distribution and growth characteristics of two prevailing and transmissible Pseudomonas aeruginosa clones that have caused chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients for more than 20 years. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) directly on sputum specimens to examine the spatial distribution of the infecting P. aeruginosa cells. Mucoid variants were present in sputum as cell clusters surrounded by an extracellular matrix, whereas nonmucoid variants were present mainly as dispersed cells. To obtain estimates of the growth rates of P. aeruginosa in CF lungs, we used quantitative FISH to indirectly measure growth rates of bacteria in sputum samples (reflecting the in vivo lung conditions). The concentration of rRNA in bacteria isolated from sputa was measured and correlated with the rRNA contents of the same bacteria growing in vitro at defined rates. The results showed that most cells were actively growing with doubling times of between 100 and 200 min, with some growing even faster. Only a small stationary-phase subpopulation seemed to be present in sputa. This was found for both mucoid and nonmucoid variants despite their different organizations in sputum. The results suggest that the bacterial population may be confronted with selection forces that favor optimized growth activities. This scenario constitutes a new perspective on the adaptation and evolution of P. aeruginosa during chronic infections in CF patients in particular and on long-term infections in general.
Transcranial LED therapy for cognitive dysfunction in chronic, mild traumatic brain injury: two case reports (2010)

Two chronic, traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases are presented, where cognitive function improved following treatment with transcranial light emitting diodes (LEDs). At age 59, P1 had closed-head injury from a motor vehicle accident (MVA) without loss of consciousness and normal MRI, but unable to return to work as development specialist in internet marketing, due to cognitive dysfunction. At 7 years post-MVA, she began transcranial LED treatments with cluster heads (2.1" diameter with 61 diodes each - 9x633nm, 52x870nm; 12-15mW per diode; total power, 500mW; 22.2 mW/cm2) on bilateral frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital and midline sagittal areas (13.3 J/cm2 at scalp, estimated 0.4 J/cm2 to brain cortex per area). Prior to transcranial LED, focused time on computer was 20 minutes. After 2 months of weekly, transcranial LED treatments, increased to 3 hours on computer. Performs nightly home treatments (now, 5 years, age 72); if stops treating >2 weeks, regresses. P2 (age 52F) had history of closed-head injuries related to sports/military training and recent fall. MRI shows fronto-parietal cortical atrophy. Pre-LED, was not able to work for 6 months and scored below average on attention, memory and executive function. Performed nightly transcranial LED treatments at home (9 months) with similar LED device, on frontal and parietal areas. After 4 months of LED treatments, returned to work as executive consultant, international technology consulting firm. Neuropsychological testing (post- 9 months of transcranial LED) showed significant improvement in memory and executive functioning (range, +1 to +2 SD improvement). Case 2 reported reduction in PTSD symptoms.
Density of States Calculations of Small Diameter Single Graphene Sheets (1996)

The densities of states for the π‐band of single graphene sheets with small diameters were calculated by employing a linear combination of atomic orbital approach using as the basis set the carbon pz atomic orbitals together with a modified Hückel approximation wherein the overlap integrals out to the fourth nearest neighbors set were included. These densities of states were used to predict the voltage of lithiated carbon vs. lithium metal, an important characteristic for disordered carbon used as the negative electrode in rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries. Calculations were made for isolated single graphene sheets, , with n = 24, 54, 96, 150, and 216. The results suggested that the lowest voltage should occur for lithiated carbon electrodes composed of single graphene sheets with the smallest diameter (≈ 0.7 nm for ).
Efficient dual-wavelength Raman fiber laser (2002)

A Raman fiber laser emitting simultaneously at 1426 and 1456 nm (1.2 W total power) is described and used to demonstrate a Raman gain of 18.5 dB with </spl plusmn/0.9 dB ripple over the C-band.
The Hexose‐Proton Symport System of <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> (1974)

The specificity of the hexose transport system of Chlorella for sugars is the same as the specificity of sugar‐induced proton uptake. The K m ‐values of various sugars for the rate of proton uptake agree well with the respective K m ‐values for the rate of uptake of these sugars. Under anaerobic conditions in the dark, when the rate of sugar uptake is very low, sugar‐stimulated proton uptake is also hardly observable. Under the same conditions in the light [712 nm; O 2 evolution is inhibited by 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea] sugar again stimulates proton uptake. The uncoupler carbonylcyanide‐ p ‐trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, which inhibits sugar uptake, also prevents sugar induced proton uptake. The Stoichiometry for 6‐deoxyglucose and for glucose under various energetic conditions is one proton taken up per sugar molecule. For other glucose analogues the Stoichiometry has been found to be larger than one. Potassium and sodium ions cannot replace protons in the hexoseproton symport system.
Building Blocks for Molecule-Based Magnets: Radical Anions and Dianions of Substituted 3,6-Dimethylenecyclohexane-1,2,4,5-tetrones as Paramagnetic Bridging Ligands (2009)

We have prepared four tetraaryl derivatives of 3,6-dimethylene-1,2,4,5-tetraoxocyclohexane (aryl = Ph; 4-MeOPh; 4-Me(2)NPh; and 3,5-(t-Bu)(2)-4-MeOPh) with guidance from an earlier reported ab initio analysis (Misiolek, A. W.; Jackson, J. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 4774-4780). These electron acceptors may be chemically or electrochemically reduced to the mono- and dianions desired as building blocks for the assembly of molecule-based magnets. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the potential of the first reduction wave depends on the electron donor ability of the aryl ring substituents, ranging from -0.28 V for the tetraphenyl derivative to -0.78 V for the p-dimethylamino substituted analogue (vs ferrocene/ferrocinium(+) at 0.46 V). Spin density distributions in the semiquinone moieties were elucidated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) observations of hyperfine couplings to internal (1)H sites and bound alkali metal cations. X-ray diffraction studies of the sodium and potassium salts of the octa-t-butyltetramethoxy derivative reveal the structure of the monoanion and its tendency to self-assemble with metal cations into one-dimensional chains in the solid state. Within the chains the anions display the expected bridging and chelating mode of coordination; SQUID magnetometry revealed weak intermolecular spin-spin couplings of 2J = -0.2 and approximately 0 K for the sodium and potassium salts, respectively. NIR transitions in the electronic spectra of the monoanions in solution are consistent with the expected low energy gap between frontier orbitals and its tunability by substituent variations. EPR studies of the free dianions and monoradical analogues indicate diradical localization into separate triphenylmethyl-like monoradicals via twisting of the diarylmethylene termini.
Night-Sky Radiant Sterance from 450 to 2000 Nanometers (1972)

LUTION OF 250/CM WAS USED TO MEASURE NIGHT-SKY SPECTRAL RADIANT STERANCE (RADIANCE) IN THE 450-NM TO 2000-NM WAVELENGTH REGION. The experimental sites were remote locations in Panama, United States, and Canada. Details of night-sky radiation measuring system, calibration equipment, and procedures for data acquisition and analysis are presented. A large number of night-sky radiant sterance spectra recorded under various types of nighttime meteorological environments and moon phases are presented. The results are compared to measurements reported in the literature. The night-sky radiant sterance spectra presented in this work are unique in two respects: They cover the wide wavelength region from 450 nm to 2000 nm; and They were recorded under a large variety of nighttime, atmospheric, optical environments.
Enhanced performance and stability in PBDTTT-C-T : PC<sub>70</sub> BM polymer solar cells by optimizing thickness of NiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> buffer layers (2013)

We report efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on PBDTTT-C-T : PC70BM with a NiOx anode buffer layer (thickness of 3–15 nm) prepared by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering deposition. The PSC with the optimum NiOx buffer layer thickness of 9 nm showed the highest power conversion efficiency of 7.42% with Voc of 0.75 V, Jsc of 15.82 mA cm−2 and FF of 62.5%, which was higher than that of the PSCs with a PEDOT : PSS buffer layer. Moreover, compared with the PSCs with a PEDOT : PSS buffer layer, the PSCs with the optimum NiOx buffer layer exhibited a better stability under N2 atmosphere. The results indicate that the sputtered 9 nm thick NiOx buffer layer is superior to the PEDOT : PSS buffer layer not only for better performance but also for improved long-term stability. The optimized NiOx buffer layer thickness possesses an appropriate energy level matching with PBDTTT-C-T, which results in effective hole collection and improved photovoltaic performance.
Tachykinins in the emerging immune system: relevance to bone marrow homeostasis and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (2004)

The mammalian tachykinins mediate crosstalk within the neural-immune-hematopoietic axis. Hematopoiesis occurs in the adult bone marrow (BM) and it is described as the method by which the immune system is replenished by a finite number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). These cells are found in the BM close to the endosteum where the oxygen level is the lowest. The BM is also resident to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). The functions of HSC depend on the MSC to generate the supporting stromal cells. This review discusses possible mechanisms by which the MSC act as the 'gatekeeper' in the BM and regulate immune cells in and out of the BM. The roles of the tachykinins are discussed in the context of homeostasis in the BM and as mediators of BM disruption. The involvement of the tachykinins within the BM microenvironment and the development of immune cells in the BM are explained.
Combined CD and DGD Monitoring Based on Data-Aided Channel Estimation (2011)

By use of a training sequence, fast and robust CD and DGD estimation is demonstrated for a 112 Gbit/s PDM-QPSK system over a wide range of combined channel impairments.
Enhancement of radiation sensitivity with BH3I-1 in non-small cell lung cancer. (2005)

These findings suggest a potential role for the small molecule inhibitor as a novel radiation sensitizer in non-small cell lung cancer.
Improvement of Scroll Compressor for Vehicle Air Conditioning Systems (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Mobile Air Conditioning Compressors with the scroll mechanism design are superior in noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) levels, and in efficiency.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For further NVH improvements; for improved comfortability; to enhance the manufacturability to meet the increasing market volumes; and to give better vehicle compatibility in weight reduction and increased durability, the New Type TR Compressor is presented.</div>