gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IMPORTANCE OF HYPERPLASTIC SINUSITIS IN ETIOLOGY OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS (1953)

IT IS THOUGHT worth while to present this study, because (1) too many physicians are inclined to think that vasomotor rhinitis is caused almost entirely by a demonstrable skin-sensitive type of allergy and (2) the diagnosis of hyperplastic sinusitis as a cause of vasomotor rhinitis is overlooked too frequently. This condition occurs mainly in the middle-aged group of patients. Therefore, 105 patients who had known hyperplastic sinusitis and associated vasomotor rhinitis were selected for a complete study allergically and rhinologically to determine the causes, treatment, and results. In other words, I wanted to find out if these patients had the skin-sensitive, or noninfective, type, the infective, or bacterial, type, or the combined skin-sensitive and infective type. The group was studied with all the diagnostic procedures recommended in a previous paper.<sup>1</sup>The skin testing was done by well-recognized allergists, and I examined every patient rhinologically myself. The sinuses of all
A photochron IIC circular-scan streak camera with CCD readout (1986)

The parameters governing the design of a streak camera based on the Photochron IIC streak tube and using a charge-coupled device as readout is described. The camera is intended to form part of a spaceborne system used to measure the roundtrip times of laser pulses, directed from a satellite to ground-based retroreflectors, so that range can be computed with millimetre accuracy. The possible future use of a custom built circular CCD/diode array, mounted within the vacuum envelope of the tube, is discussed.
Proposal for an Ultrasonic Tool to Monitor the Osseointegration of Dental Implants (2007)

The longevity of dental implants depends on osseointegration, which providesload-bearing capacity without putting the prosthesis at risk from micromotions at theimplant-bone interface. This research involved an analysis of the viability of an ultrasonicevaluation tool to quantify osseointegration. Ultrasonic transmission is directly dependenton the difference between the acoustic impedance of materials in intimate contact witheach other. The closer their acoustic impedances the more intense their transmission.Therefore, an analysis of the ultrasonic echoes would presumably allow for a quantitativeevaluation of the bone tissue that has grown into the pores of the implant. In addition, theliterature reports that bone fracture healing can be accelerated by the application of acontrolled low-amplitude mechanical stimulus on the site of the lesion. In fact, acousticpressure waves of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound are reportedly a secure technique forpromoting mechanical stimulus without impairing the healing process. Many experimentaland clinical trials have confirmed that daily transcutaneous ultrasound applications on theinjured site are beneficial to the enhancement of fractured bone. This proposal aims tobring together the characteristics of ultrasound propagation and the positive effect ofultrasound on bone growth into a single tool that quantitatively monitors the evolution ofthe osseointegration process. The viability of a device with these features was investigatedthrough simulations and experimentally. The initial simulations were conducted to explorethe influence of waveguide shapes on the tool’s sensitivity to changes in the implantsupporting media. The waveguides were designed in two parts, one consisting of a screw-shaped part to attach to the implant and the other a conical or step-shaped part to which the ultrasonic source was fixed in the first simulations. The step-shaped waveguide proved to be the more sensitive; intermediate stages of the osseointegration process were simulated and experiments were conducted with the step-shaped aluminum waveguide attached to a cylindrical aluminum nut embedded at different depths, so that the results obtained were only due to lateral attachment of the parts. These devices indicated that the transmission of ultrasound through the lateral surface of the implant by dilatational waves could render this tool suitable for monitoring the osseointegration of dental implants.
Physically Based Simulation Model for Acoustic Sensor Robot Navigation (1987)

A computer model is described that combines concepts from the fields of acoustics, linear system theory, and digital signal processing to simulate an acoustic sensor navigation system using time-of-flight ranging. By separating the transmitter/receiver into separate components and assuming mirror-like reflectors, closed-form solutions for the reflections from corners, edges, and walls are determined as a function of transducer size, location, and orientation. A floor plan consisting of corners, walls, and edges is efficiently encoded to indicate which of these elements contribute to a particular pulse-echo response. Sonar maps produced by transducers having different resonant frequencies and transmitted pulse waveforms can then be simulated efficiently. Examples of simulated sonar maps of two floor plans illustrate the performance of the model. Actual sonar maps are presented to verify the simulation results.
Solving Amorphous Structures—Two Pairs Beat One (2012)

Consideration of atomic ordering beyond just pairs of atoms shows that amorphous silicon is better modeled as paracrystalline material than as a disordered network.
Application of a Robotic Telemanipulator to Perform Posterior Pharyngeal Flap Surgery (2012)

Transoral robotic surgery for velopharyngeal dysfunction is feasible and may offer improved exposure and ergonomics compared with traditional methods. As the use of robotic surgical systems becomes more widespread, their use in intraoral cleft surgery warrants further investigation.
Progress Towards Systemic Fungicides (1972)

Abstract Developments in the past decade are reviewed. All the compounds considered possess direct fungitoxicity and none appear to depend on modifying the host plant, chemically or physically, to control diseases. Water solubility is low to very low. Yet these compounds, when sprayed, enter aerial tissues, and, on reaching plant roots, enter via non-living tissue and pass into the xylem. They are swept upwards in the transpiration stream, to an extent depending on the properties of the compound, and may accumulate in the margins of leaves. They do not appear to enter organs, such as petals, that do not transpire, nor are they re-exported from leaves to new growth. Any downward translocation in the phloem, if it occurs with any of these compounds, is of no practical significance. The range of plant diseases controlled by some compounds is confined to powdery mildews; other compounds control several types of disease, and some, especially among the benzimidazoles, control a very wide range indeed. None offer control of important diseases due to fungi classed as phycomycetes, with one exception confined in practice to hop downy mildew. Major advances have been achieved in the control of losses in storage and transit of fruit, and of seed-borne diseases in cereals and grasses. Strains of certain fungi have emerged that are very tolerant of certain compounds, and this is a cause for concern regarding the future of these compounds, most of which inhibit mycelial development by interfering with some biosynthetic process. Although not strictly acaricidal, some of the compounds can reduce mite fecundity and the fertility of the eggs laid.
Scalable semantic retrieval through summarization and refinement (2007)

malli @ cn.ibm.com Query processing of OWL-DL ontologies is intractable in the worst case, but we present a novel technique that in practice allows for efficient querying of ontologies with large Aboxes in secondary storage. We focus on the processing of instance retrieval queries, i.e., queries that retrieve individuals in the Abox which are instances of a given concept C. Our technique uses summarization and refinement to reduce instance retrieval to a small relevant subset of the original Abox. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique in Aboxes with up to 7 million assertions. Our results are applicable to the very expressive description logic SHIN, which corresponds to OWL-DL minus nominals and datatypes.
SOLUBILITY OF CALCIUM LACTATE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION (2002)

The presence of calcium lactate (CaL2) crystals on the surface of Cheddar cheese is an appearance defect that consumer often attributes to mold. This problem is widespread in the cheese industry. The solubility of CaL2in water determines the likelihood of formation of CaL2crystals on the surface of Cheddar cheese. Very little fundamental work has been done to measure the solubility of CaL2at conditions appropriate to storage of cheese. CaL2is a moderately-soluble salt, with saturation concentrations that increase from about 2 g anhydrous CaL2/g water at 0°C to about 50 g anhydrous CaL2/g water at 60°C. The substantial variability in data available in the literature attests to the difficulties in accurately measuring solubility concentrations. The limited amount of data available in the literature suggest that a decrease in pH through addition of lactic acid leads to a decrease in solubility, and that addition of salt (NaCl) has no effect on solubility.
Development of a Strain of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1963)

A male rat with high systolic blood pressures of 150 to 175 mmHg persisting for more than one month and a female rat with blood pressures slighty above the average, 130 to 140 mmHg, were selected from among 68 Wistar strain rats in normal condition and mated to obtain F1 rats. Of these F1 rats, males and females with hypertension (blood pressure exceeding 150 mmHg) persisting for more than a month (mostly over 2 months) were mated to produce F2 rats. The procedure was repeated to obtain F3, F4, F5 and F6 rats totaliag 380 animals. The weights and blood pressures (by the tail-water-plethysmographic method) were measured once weekly biginning at 4 weeks of age, and the results can be summarized as follows : 1. In body weight, the F rats showed little difference from the normal controls. 2. The blood pressures of F rats rose with age and from generation to generation, increasing significantly above those of normotensive controls of the same age after 20 weeks of age among female F1, after 15 weeks among male F1 and also male and female F2, and after 10 weeks among all F3 to F6 rats. E. g., the average systolic blood pressure of F5 at 25 weeks of age was 206+__-18.5 mmHg in the male and 193+__-20.5 mmHg in female rats. The blood pressures of normotensive controls remained at 131 to 136 mmHg in the male and 130 to 135 mmHg in female rats after 10 weeks of age. 3. Many F rats showed spontaneous hypertension. The incidence of the spontaneous occurrence of hypertension increased, and the development of hypertension occurred at younger ages from generation to generation. All of the F3 to F6, rats developed spontaneous hypertension within 15 weeks of age. Severe hypertension with blood pressures exceeding 200 mmHg began to observed among F2. The incidence of such severe hypertension increased with each generation, so that among male animals it inceased from only 9% in F2 to 35% in F3, 42% in F4, and 56% in F5, and in female animals from 3% in F2, 16% in F3, 33% in F4, and 37% in F5. The authors have named this Wistar strain of rats with spontaneous occurrence of hypertension as spontaneously hypertensive rats (Okamoto-Aoki). 4. The blood pressures of β-line rats from parents with very high blood pressures were significantly higher than among α-line rats from parents with moderately high blood pressures at the same age. 5. There was no difference in the blood pressures of offsprings resulting from inbreeding and those from cross breeding. The male blood pressure averaged about 10.6 mmHg above the female value in spontaneous hypertension, and hypertension developed at lower ages in the male. 6. It is a question for future study whether the spontaneous hypertension induced in rats in this Study is comparable in characteristics with essential hypertension in man.
Epitaxial growth of 3C–SiC films on 4 in. diam (100) silicon wafers by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (1995)

Silicon carbide (SiC) films have been grown on 4 in. diam (100) silicon wafers by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition, using propane, silane, and hydrogen. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data confirm that the films are stoichiometric SiC, with no major impurities. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data indicate that the films are single-crystalline cubic polytype (3C) across the 4 in. substrates. With the exception of slip lines near the edge of the wafers, the films appear featureless when observed optically. The nitrogen concentration, as determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy, is 4×1018 cm3. Cross-sectional TEM images show a fairly rough, void-free interface.
Release of somatostatin, neurotensin and vasoactive intestinal peptide upon inhibition of gastric acid secretion by duodenal acid and hyperosmolal solutions in the conscious rat (1995)

The inhibitory effect of duodenal exposure to acid and hyperosmolal solutions on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in conscious rats equipped with chronic gastric fistula and duodenal Thiry-Vella loop. The loop was challenged with saline, HCl or hyperosmolal polyethylene glycol. Gastric acid secretion was measured in samples from the gastric fistula. Gut peptide concentrations were measured in duodenal perfusates collected each 30 min, and in plasma samples collected both during stimulated acid secretion alone, and at the end of experiments in combination with luminal challenges of the loops. During pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion, luminal perfusion of the duodenal loop with acid caused inhibition of acid secretion (P < 0.001) and a prominent release of somatostatin both to the lumen (P < 0.001) and to the circulation (P < 0.05). Also, neurotensin (P < 0.01) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (P < 0.01) were released to the lumen, but not to the circulation. Upon perfusion of the duodenal loop with hyperosmolal polyethylene glycol, acid secretion was inhibited (P < 0.05) and somatostatin alone was released to the luminal side (P < 0.01). In conclusion, duodenal exposure to acid inhibits pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion and releases SOM to the circulation that may directly inhibit acid secretion. Concomitantly, somatostatin (SOM), neurotensin and vasoactive intestinal peptide are released to the lumen. Duodenal exposure to hyperosmolal polyethylene glycol inhibits acid secretion with a luminal release of SOM only. Thus, luminal acid and hyperosmolal solutions inhibit gastric acid secretion by separate mechanisms. After acid or hyperosmolal challenge, the release of SOM to the circulation indicates gastric acid inhibition in an endocrine manner, while a luminal release of gut peptides indicates a local peptide overflow that might be of importance via paracrine regulatory mechanisms in the intact animal.
Deterministic Generation of Single Photons from One Atom Trapped in a Cavity (2004)

A single cesium atom trapped within the mode of an optical cavity is used to generate single photons on demand. The photon wave packets are emitted as a Gaussian beam with temporal profile and repetition rate controlled by external driving fields. Each generation attempt is inferred to succeed with a probability near unity, whereas the efficiency for creating an unpolarized photon in the total cavity output is 0.69 ± 0.10, as limited by passive cavity losses. An average of 1.4 × 10 4 photons are produced by each trapped atom. These results constitute an important step in quantum information science, for example, toward the realization of distributed quantum networking.
Finding Complex Biological Relationships in Recent PubMed Articles Using Bio-LDA (2011)

The overwhelming amount of available scholarly literature in the life sciences poses significant challenges to scientists wishing to keep up with important developments related to their research, but also provides a useful resource for the discovery of recent information concerning genes, diseases, compounds and the interactions between them. In this paper, we describe an algorithm called Bio-LDA that uses extracted biological terminology to automatically identify latent topics, and provides a variety of measures to uncover putative relations among topics and bio-terms. Relationships identified using those approaches are combined with existing data in life science datasets to provide additional insight. Three case studies demonstrate the utility of the Bio-LDA model, including association predication, association search and connectivity map generation. This combined approach offers new opportunities for knowledge discovery in many areas of biology including target identification, lead hopping and drug repurposing.
Address autoconfiguration in wireless ad hoc networks: protocols and techniques (2008)

With the advent of smaller devices having higher computational capacity and wireless communication capabilities, the world is becoming completely networked. Although, the mobile nature of these devices provides ubiquitous services, it also poses many challenges. In this article, we look in depth at the problem of addressing in wireless ad hoc networks and the currently available techniques and protocols for both IPv4 and IPv6. We present an exhaustive study of the literature and summarize the features of each technique. We believe that this analysis will be helpful for network and application designers, as well as for researchers.
Theoretical and Experimental Study on Control of Flexible Robot Arms Using Direct Strain Feedback (1992)

This paper presents new theoretical and experimental results on control of flexible robot arms using direct strain feedback method. First, a class of perturbation operators satisfying some assumptions is defined, then the properties of the perturbation operators themselves and the issues such as the existence, uniqueness, and stability of a second order evolution equation involving the perturbation operator are investigated. It is found that the direct strain feedback defines a differential perturbation operator and introduces damping in the dynamic model of the flexible arms.To verify these theoretical views, experiments such as direct strain feedback, direct strain-integration feedback were conducted. It is seen that the direct strain feedback can damp out vibrations quite satisfactorily, and that the direct strain-integration feedback increases the vibration frequencies of every modes of the flexible arms. For the case where the flexible arm carries a rigid tip body, it is shown that the coupled bending and torsional vibrations of the flexible arm can be suppressed simultaneously by direct feedback of both the bending and torsional strain signals.
Controlled Transport and Focusing of Laser-Accelerated Protons with Miniature Magnetic Devices (2008)

This Letter demonstrates the transporting and focusing of laser-accelerated 14 MeV protons by permanent magnet miniature quadrupole lenses providing field gradients of up to 500 T/m. The approach is highly reproducible and predictable, leading to a focal spot of (286 x 173) microm full width at half maximum 50 cm behind the source. It decouples the relativistic laser-proton acceleration from the beam transport, paving the way to optimize both separately. The collimation and the subsequent energy selection obtained are perfectly applicable for upcoming high-energy, high-repetition rate laser systems.
Immunization with interleukin-2-secreting allogeneic cells transfected with DNA from mouse melanoma cells induces immune responses that prolong the lives of mice with melanoma. (1998)

Altered genes in tumor cells specify tumor-associated antigens. Because genetic instability is a characteristic of the malignant cell phenotype, a large number of different, altered genes may be present in a population of neoplastic cells, specifying an array of undefined tumor-associated determinants. We hypothesized that immunogenic cells transfected with DNA from malignant cells will include cells that specify tumor-associated antigens. To test this question, we deliberately mutagenized a population of B16 melanoma cells (H-2b) by ultraviolet-B irradiation. DNA from the surviving cells was used to transfect LM cells (H-2k), a mouse fibroblast cell line modified previously to secrete interleukin-2. The transfected allogeneic cells were then tested for their immunogenic properties in C57BL/6J mice (H-2b) syngeneic with the melanoma. Mice injected with a mixture of the mutagenized B16 cells and the transfected cells survived significantly longer than untreated mice injected with the mutagenized B16 cells alone. Mice injected with a mixture of mutagenized B16 cells and cells transfected with DNA from unirradiated B16 cells died in shorter intervals. Based on the results of cytotoxicity assays performed in vitro, the cellular immune responses of greatest magnitude were directed toward the type of cell from which the DNA was obtained.
An electrostatic induction micromotor supported on gas-lubricated bearings (2002)

This paper reports the first successful fabrication and demonstration of an electrostatic induction micromotor supported on gas-lubricated bearings for electrical-to-mechanical energy conversion. The device consists of a stack of five (5) deep reactive ion etched (DRIE) fusion bonded silicon wafers, with an enclosed 4.2 mm diameter rotor driven by a high-voltage, high-frequency thin-film stator. Testing has demonstrated a torque of 0.3 /spl mu/Nm at a rotation rate of 15,000 revolutions per minute, corresponding to a shaft power of 0.5 mW. This development effort serves to support the creation of a wide array of power MEMS devices such as micro-scale pumps, compressors, generators, and coolers.
Finding minimum congestion spanning trees (2000)

Given a weighted graph <i>G = (V, E)</i>, a positive integer <i>k</i>, and a penalty function <i>w<inf>p</inf></i>, we want to find <i>k</i> spanning trees on <i>G</i>, not necessarily disjoint, of minimum total weight, such that the weight of each edge is subject to a penalty given by <i>w<inf>p</inf></i> if it belongs to more than one tree. The objective function to be minimized is Σ<i><inf>e∈E</inf>W<inf>e</inf>(i<inf>e</inf>)</i>, where <i>i<inf>e</inf></i> is the number of times edge <inf>e</inf> appears in the solution and <i>W<inf>e</inf>(i<inf>e</inf>) = i<inf>e</inf>w<inf>p</inf>(e, i<inf>e</inf>)</i> is the aggregate cost of using edge <i>e i<inf>e</inf></i> times. For the case when <i>W<inf>e</inf></i> is weakly convex, which should have wide application in congestion problems, we present a polynomial time algorithm; the algorithm's complexity is quadratic in <i>k</i>. We also present two heuristics with complexity linear in <i>k</i>. In an experimental study we show that these heuristics are much faster than the exact algorithm also in practice. These experiments present a diverse combination of input families (four), varying <i>k</i> (up to 1000), and penalty functions (two). In most inputs tested the solutions given by the heuristics were within 1% of optimal or much better, especially for large <i>k</i>. The worst quality observed was 3.2% of optimal.
Tourettes action (2008)

Abstract Tourettes Action is the UK's leading support and research charity for people with Tourette syndrome and their families. Its vision is for people with Tourette syndrome to receive the practical support and social acceptance they need to help them live their lives to the full. Tourettes Action deals with all forms of Tourette syndrome. Hillary Box, Director of Development, provides an overview of some of the work the charity is involved with. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Auditory Startle Response in Trauma Survivors With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Prospective Study (2000)

Differences in physiological response to startling tones develop along with PTSD in the months that follow a traumatic event. This pattern supports the theories that associate PTSD with progressive neuronal sensitization.