gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural inference embedded adversarial networks for scene parsing (2018)

Explicit structural inference is one key point to improve the accuracy of scene parsing. Meanwhile, adversarial training method is able to reinforce spatial contiguity in output segmentations. To take both advantages of the structural learning and adversarial training simultaneously, we propose a novel deep learning network architecture called Structural Inference Embedded Adversarial Networks (SIEANs) for pixel-wise scene labeling. The generator of our SIEANs, a novel designed scene parsing network, makes full use of convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks to learn the global contextual information of objects in four different directions from RGB-(D) images, which is able to describe the (three-dimensional) spatial distributions of objects in a more comprehensive and accurate way. To further improve the performance, we explore the adversarial training method to optimize the generator along with a discriminator, which can not only detect and correct higher-order inconsistencies between the predicted segmentations and corresponding ground truths, but also exploit full advantages of the generator by fine-tuning its parameters so as to obtain higher consistencies. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed SIEANs is able to achieve a better performance on PASCAL VOC 2012, SIFT FLOW, PASCAL Person-Part, Cityscapes, Stanford Background, NYUDv2, and SUN-RGBD datasets compared to the most of state-of-the-art methods.
Architecture of an Ultrasound System for Continuous Real-Time High Frame Rate Imaging (2017)

High frame rate (HFR) imaging methods based on the transmission of defocused or plane waves rather than focused beams are increasingly popular. However, the production of HFR images poses severe requirements both in the transmission and the reception sections of ultrasound scanners. In particular, major technical difficulties arise if the images must be continuously produced in real-time, i.e., without any acquisition interruption nor loss of data. This paper presents the implementation of the real-time HFR-compounded imaging application in the ULA-OP 256 research platform. The beamformer sustains an average output sample rate of 470 MSPS. This allows continuously producing coherently compounded images, each of 64 lines by 1280 depths (here corresponding to 15.7 mm width and 45 mm depth, respectively), at frame rates up to 5.3 kHz. Imaging tests addressed to evaluate the achievable speed and quality performance were conducted on phantom. Results obtained by real-time compounding frames obtained with different numbers of steering angles between +7.5° and -7.5° are presented.
Measurement of Snowfall by Optical Attenuation (1969)

A transmissometer has been used to provide a continuous record with good time resolution of falling snow. The pulsed light, of wavelength 0.45μ, traversed a path 71 m long about 20 m above ground level A total snow amount of 160 millimeters of water (mmw) from 20 storms through the 1966-67 winter season was recorded and analyzed, Attenuation by snow was found to be proportional to rate of snowfall, with the constant of proportionality 11 (db km-1) / (mmw hr-1). A previous experiment by Lillesaeter yielded 18 for this constant. The attenuation from precipitation-free air was found to increase as the relative humidity increased above about 60%. Relative humidity increase between the beginning and end of a storm could lead to an increase in "clean air" attenuation of 4-5 db km-1. Lack of correction for this together with the effect of thermal fluctuations on Lillesaeter's narrower transmitted beam probably account for his higher value of the constant of proportionality. Snow amounts for individual storms deduced from the attenuation record agreed with amounts measured by standard instruments to within a factor of 2. When depths on the ground were compared, agreement was within a factor of 1.5. Over the 20 principal storms of the season, the total snow amount from the attenuation records agreed to within 2% with the accumulation in a standard Nipher gage.
Sonolucent Cranial Implants: Cadaveric Study and Clinical Findings Supporting Diagnostic and Therapeutic Transcranioplasty Ultrasound (2019)

Sonolucent cranial implants, such as those made of clear PMMA, hold great promise for enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic applications previously limited by cranial bone. Furthermore, as functional cranial implants are manufactured with implantable devices housed within clear PMMA, the possibility of utilizing ultrasound for real-time surveillance of intracranial pathology becomes much more feasible.
Using in-fiber Bragg-grating sensors for measuring axial strain and temperature simultaneously on surfaces of structures (1998)

A simple method to simultaneously measure axial strain and temperature using a surface-mounted Bragg-grating sensor is presented. This method uses a single, uniform-pitch Bragg grating with preloading that is only partly glued on the structure. To prevent the cross talk between two Bragg wavelengths reflecting from the glued and free sections, a preloading is applied to the fiber before it is glued. After releasing, two Bragg wavelengths are separately reflected from an infiber Bragg-grating sensor. The Bragg wavelength reflected from the sensor section not glued to the structure is used to measure temperature variations; that reflected from the glued sensor section is affected by both strain and temperature variations. Nevertheless, under conditions of no cross-talk sensitivity between strain and temperature, the variation in the spectral separation between two Bragg wavelengths is directly caused by the thermomechanical strain in the structures. After the temperature variation is obtained, the mechanical strain can be calculated if the thermal expansion coefficient of the structure is known. This method, therefore, supplies a simple, simultaneous measurement of axial strain and temperature. Based on the same concept, two alternative setups to measure axial strain and temperature simultaneously using an in-fiber Bragg-grating sensor are also introduced. This approach to the application of smart structures appears to be limited to surface-mounted structures. Nevertheless, it might be redesigned for embedded structures by inserting the Bragg grating fiber into a glass tube and partly fusing the fiber with the tube.
Neurobiology of bipolar illness: implications for future study and therapeutics. (2003)

Many findings implicating prefrontal cortical and limbic areas of the brain and endocrine systems in the neuropathology and pathophysiology of bipolar illness have greatly increased our understanding of the neurobiology of the illness. New imaging techniques such as PET, MRI, SPECT, and MRS have detailed more evidence of specific regional alterations in the brains of bipolar patients than was thought possible just 20 years ago. These methods are beginning to be used to help predict response to treatment. Examining the mechanisms of action of mood stabilizers (such as lithium, carbamazepine, and valproate) has provided clues to potential underlying neurobiological abnormalities in the illness. Recent studies of postmortem brain tissue have begun to confirm prefrontal cortical and limbic neurochemical and microstructural alterations in patients with bipolar illness compared with controls. It is postulated that it is the balance between primary pathological versus secondary adaptive alterations in gene expression in the illness and their enhancement or dampening by pharmacotherapy, that may determine the episodic course of mood fluctuations and remissions. Further examination of the pathophysiology and neurobiology of bipolar illness should lead to both more effective treatments and, potentially, secondary and even primary episode prevention.
Statement to Congress, May 6, 1999 (hedge funds, leverage and the lessons of Long-Term Capital Management) (1999)

Financial leverage; Capital market; Hedge funds
Tunable helical ribbons (2011)

The helix angle, chirality, and radius of helical ribbons are predicted with a comprehensive, three-dimensional analysis that incorporates elasticity, differential geometry, and variational principles. In many biological and engineered systems, ribbon helicity is commonplace and may be driven by surface stress, residual strain, and geometric or elastic mismatch between layers of a laminated composite. Unless coincident with the principle geometric axes of the ribbon, these anisotropies will lead to spontaneous, three-dimensional helical deformations. Analytical, closed-form ribbon shape predictions are validated with table-top experiments. More generally, our approach can be applied to develop materials and systems with tunable helical geometries.
Helical Assembly Induced by Hydrogen Bonding from Chiral Carboxylic Acids Based on Perylene Bisimides (2011)

The control over self-assembly behavior becomes absolutely critical because it is dependent on the orientation and morphology. The motivation is focused on borrowing the help of O-H···O hydrogen bonding interactions to realize the control in chiral self-assembly. A series of perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes 3a-3d bearing chiral amino acid derivatives on the imide N atoms and four phenoxy-type substituents at the bay positions of the perylene core were synthesized. Optical properties and aggregation behavior of PBIs were investigated by absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Except for the chiral ester 3c and achiral 3d, chiral dyes 3a and 3b show bisignated CD signals, indicating that the chiral carboxylic acid-functionalized PBI systems are found to be spontaneously self-assembled into supramolecular helices via intermolecular hydrogen bonding rather than π-π stacking. Furthermore, the chirality-controlled helical superstructures are strongly dependent on several factors, such as solvent polarity, concentration, and temperature. The supramolecular helical chirality can be well-controlled by the chiral amino acid residues in the PBI system; that is, the assembled clockwise (plus, P) or anticlockwise (minus, M) helices can be induced by L- or D-isomers, respectively.
On the Detection of Digital Face Manipulation (2019)

Detecting manipulated facial images and videos is an increasingly important topic in digital media forensics. As advanced face synthesis and manipulation methods are made available, new types of fake face representations are being created which have raised significant concerns for their use in social media. Hence, it is crucial to detect manipulated face images and localize manipulated regions. Instead of simply using multi-task learning to simultaneously detect manipulated images and predict the manipulated mask (regions), we propose to utilize an attention mechanism to process and improve the feature maps for the classification task. The learned attention maps highlight the informative regions to further improve the binary classification (genuine face v. fake face), and also visualize the manipulated regions. To enable our study of manipulated face detection and localization, we collect a large-scale database that contains numerous types of facial forgeries. With this dataset, we perform a thorough analysis of data-driven fake face detection. We show that the use of an attention mechanism improves facial forgery detection and manipulated region localization.
Increased Yield of Total RNA from Fine-Needle Aspirates for Use in Expression Microarray Analysis (2002)

Fine-needle aspirate samples hold the potential for gaining valuable insight into the molecular details and prognostic indicators for certain types of cancer in a limited volume of relatively pure tumor cells. Although limited, such clinical samples can be used with high efficiency when analyzed in conjunction with gene-dense expression microarrays. For this reason, it is essential to retrieve as much high-quality genetic material as possible from each fine-needle aspirate sample. We have conducted a study to improve the efficiency of extracting high quality total RNA to use in microarray analysis from single ex vivo fine-needle aspirate samples of 11 breast cancers added to RNAlater RNA Stabilization Reagent immediately upon collection. Approximately half the total RNA from fine-needle aspirate samples of breast cancers was isolated from the supernatant, and that RNA had similar quality and gene expression profile to the RNA that was isolated from the corresponding cell pellet. We recommend that the supernatant not be discarded when extracting RNA from fine-needle aspirate samples stored in RNAlater.
Fibre orientation contrast for depth-resolved identification of structural interfaces in birefringent tissue (2006)

Incorporation of polarimetric sensitivity into optical coherence tomography can provide additional image contrast when structures of interest are optically anisotropic (e.g., fibrous tissue). We present a generalized technique based on polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography to detect changes in depth-resolved fibre orientation and thus increase image contrast in multiple-layered birefringent tissues. A high contrast B-scan image of collagen fibre orientation is shown for a porcine intervertebral disc cartilage specimen that exhibited low backscattering intensity contrast. Interfaces in the annulus fibrosus identified using depth-resolved fibre orientation allowed quantification of lamellae thickness. Moreover, the technique detects changes in fibre orientation without intense processing needed to effectively quantify tissue retardation and diattenuation.
Development of Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis for the Molecular Subtyping of <i>Enterobacter sakazakii</i> (2007)

The genomic content of Enterobacter sakazakii strain ATCC BAA-894 was analyzed for variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs). In this study we report the development of a multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) strategy for the subtyping of E. sakazakii. The method is based on a GeneScan analysis of four VNTR loci labeled with multiple fluorescent dyes. This approach was applied to a collection of 112 isolates representing all 16 of the currently defined E. sakazakii biogroups. MLVA successfully discriminated among these isolates and compared favorably with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The method was relatively fast and easy to perform. The potential value of MLVA as an epidemiological tool is discussed.
511 Acoustic and Vibration Characteristics of Flat Plate Speaker by Using Piezoelectric Vibrator with Rubber-weight (2003)

The purpose of the present investigation is to design a piezoelectric speaker which is composed with the flat plate and the piezoelectric vibrator connected by rod. The rubber-weight is stuck on piezoelectric vibrator in order to improve the acoustic characteristics of piezoelectric speaker. In the experiment, in addition to the measurement of sound pressure level, the displacement of flat plate has been measured. The experimental results show that the radiation sound could be improved by connecting rod which supported in the center of vibrator. And, by sticking rubber-weight on the circumferential parts of piezoelectric vibrator, the acoustic characteristics of piezoelectric speaker could be planarized.
Oligodendrocyte lineage and the motor neuron connection (2000)

One of the more surprising recent discoveries in glial biology has been that oligodendrocytes (OLs) originate from very restricted regions of the embryonic neural tube. This was surprising because myelinating OLs are widespread in the mature central nervous system, so there was no reason to suspect that their precursors should be restricted. What we now know about early OL development suggests that they might have as much (or more) in common with ventral neurons-specifically motor neurons (MNs)-as with other types of glia. This has implications for the way we think about glial development, function, and evolution. In this article we review the evidence for a shared MN-OL lineage and debate whether this is the only lineage that generates OLs. We decide in favour of a single embryonic lineage with regional variations along the anterior-posterior neuraxis.
Physiogenomic Analysis Links Serum Creatine Kinase Activities During Statin Therapy to Vascular Smooth Muscle Homeostasis (2005)

Statins are highly effective at reducing coronary disease risk. The main side effects of these medications are a variety of skeletal muscle complaints ranging from mild myalgia to frank rhabdomyolysis. To search for physiologic factors possibly influencing statin muscle toxicity, we screened for genetic associations with serum creatine kinase (CK) levels in 102 patients receiving statin therapy for hypercholesteremia. A total of 19 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were selected from ten candidate genes involved in vascular homeostasis. Multiple linear regression was used to rank the SNPs according to probability of association, and the most significant associations were analyzed in greater detail. SNPs in the angiotensin II Type 1 receptor (AGTR1) and nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) genes were significantly associated with CK activity. These results demonstrate a strong association between CK activity during statin treatment and variability in genes related to vascular function, and suggest that vascular smooth muscle function may contribute to the muscle side effects of statins.
Properties of vacuum tunneling currents: Anomalous barrier heights (1986)

A design of STM which does not use vacuum internal vibration isolation and may be cooled to liquid helium temperatures is described. Tunneling current characteristics underlying STM operations are discussed. A model is presented to explain the anomalously low (<1 eV) tunneling barrier heights often observed. On the basis of this model we suggest criteria for obtaining reliable STM images.
Thin film electroluminescence (1989)

The history of electroluminescent(EL) device research is reviewed with an emphasis on the polycrystalline materials effort. The mechanism of EL behavior for direct-current(DC) and alternating-current(AC) powder structures as well as thin film devices is summarized. Current AC device characteristics are evaluated and matrix addressing constraints to low power operation are discussed. Alternatives for lower voltage operation including high dielectric strength materials for AC use, and DC device designs are considered. Attempts at the fabrication of a low voltage, pulsed operation, DC device using a sputtered active layer are reported. Limited results are reported due to difficulties with the RF deposition equipment. The results indicate, however, that low voltage DC devices may be possible with sputtered active layers under the proper deposition conditions. A major problem in our active layer films of 250 nm or less thickness appeared to be pinholes causing shorts. In support of the fabrication effort, film thickness determination via interference microscopy is discussed, a pulsed-mode device test circuit is reported, and colorimetric methods for film composition analysis reviewed.
Correction of eye-motion artifacts in AO-OCT data sets (2011)

Eye movements present during acquisition of a retinal image with optical coherence tomography (OCT) introduce motion artifacts into the image, complicating analysis and registration. This effect is especially pronounced in highresolution data sets acquired with adaptive optics (AO)-OCT instruments. Several retinal tracking systems have been introduced to correct retinal motion during data acquisition. We present a method for correcting motion artifacts in AOOCT volume data after acquisition using simultaneously captured adaptive optics-scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) images. We extract transverse eye motion data from the AO-SLO images, assign a motion adjustment vector to each AO-OCT A-scan, and re-sample from the scattered data back onto a regular grid. The corrected volume data improve the accuracy of quantitative analyses of microscopic structures.
A Class of Array Architectures for Hardware Grid Routers (1986)

Special-purpose hardware architectures have been recently proposed for solving a number of increasingly complex design automation problems. This paper proposes a class of two-dimensional SIMD array processors--the IAP architectures for implementation of grid routing algorithms. The major advantages of the IAP machines are, completely modular designs which are not pin-limited regardless of array size, and the ability to find the lowest cost route for a net, in time which is a linear function of the length of that route. A number of new procedures for parallel routing (simultaneous routing of k nets) are introduced, which take advantage of the linear time complexity of the IAP architectures. An analysis is presented of the time complexities of these procedures and examples are presented to exhibit their applicability.
Elastic and Thermoelastic Properties of Rubber like Materials (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElastic and Thermoelastic Properties of Rubber like MaterialsEugene Guth and Hubert M. JamesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1941, 33, 5, 624–629Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50377a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50377a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views675Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Prediction and speculation techniques in ILP (2000)

In this article we review the concepts of branch, value and memory prediction used in conjunction with control and data speculative execution in superscalar processors. Since the amount of available instruction level parallelism within a basic block is relatively small, control speculation techniques increase the number of candidate instructions for execution. Moreover, the integration of value, and memory prediction in superscalar processors introduces a new kind of speculative execution. Data speculation techniques allow the processor to execute instructions beyond the limit of true data RAW dependencies. We identify data speculation as a natural extension of control speculation and capture their similarities and differences. We also raise a new question: is the analytical modelling approach really infeasible?.