gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin synthesis in human T cells: its partial inhibition by lectins and anti-CD3 antibodies as a possible step in T cell activation. (1987)

The human leukemic T cell line Jurkat was used to study arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. We demonstrated that Jurkat cells are able to convert AA into prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxanes. The presence of tritiated 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGE2, PGA2 (B2), and thromboxane B2 in the culture medium was shown either by thin-layer chromatography after a 4-hr incubation period of [3H]AA-prelabeled Jurkat cells or by using specific radioimmuno assays. PG synthesis was inhibited by both indomethacin and niflumic acid, two cyclooxygenase inhibitors. AA metabolism through the cyclooxygenase pathway was followed during T cell activation. T cells were activated by lectins or anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to trigger the T3-Ti complex and by 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) to mimic IL 1-dependent pathways. Our results show that lectins and anti-CD3 mAb both reduce the amount of PG released by the cells, whereas TPA did not. We confirmed that a combination of TPA and lectins or TPA and anti-CD3 mAb is necessary to obtain full activation of Jurkat cells if this event is monitored by using measurement of IL 2 synthesis. In addition, lectins and anti-CD3 mAb can be replaced by the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin or niflumic acid. Indeed, a combination of TPA and one of these two drugs induced maximal IL 2 synthesis. These results thus suggest that a reduction in PG synthesis might be a prerequisite to allow the cascade of events involved in T cell activation.
Inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cell lines by tea polyphenols (1998)

In order to study the biological activities of tea preparations and purified tea polyphenols, their growth inhibitory effects were investigated using four human cancer cell lines. Growth inhibition was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation after 48 h of treatment. The green tea catechins (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) displayed strong growth inhibitory effects against lung tumor cell lines H661 and H1299, with estimated IC50 values of 22 microM, but were less effective against lung cancer cell line H441 and colon cancer cell line HT-29 with IC50 values 2- to 3-fold higher. (-)-Epicatechin-3-gallate, had lower activities, and (-)-epicatechin was even less effective. Preparations of green tea polyphenols and theaflavins had higher activities than extracts of green tea and decaffeinated green tea. The results suggest that the growth inhibitory activity of tea extracts is caused by the activities of different tea polyphenols. Exposure of H661 cells to 30 microM EGCG, EGC or theaflavins for 24 h led to the induction of apoptosis as determined by an annexin V apoptosis assay, showing apoptosis indices of 23, 26 and 8%, respectively; with 100 microM of these compounds, the apoptosis indices were 82, 76 and 78%, respectively. Incubation of H661 cells with EGCG also induced a dose-dependent formation of H2O2. Addition of H2O2 to H661 cells caused apoptosis in a manner similar to that caused by EGCG. The EGCG-induced apoptosis in H661 cells was completely inhibited by exogenously added catalase (50 units/ml). These results suggest that tea polyphenol-induced production of H2O2 may mediate apoptosis and that this may contribute to the growth inhibitory activities of tea polyphenols in vitro.
Large electrooptic modulation in a thermally-poled germanosilicate fiber (1995)

A large linear electro-optic phase shift observed in a germanosilicate fiber has been induced by thermal poling at about 250/spl deg/C for 20-60 min with an electric field of >8/spl times/10/sup 5/ V/cm and a 3.3-cm electrode length. Polarization dependence of the V/sub /spl pi//L product in a birefringent germanosilicate fiber has been found, and the lowest V/sub /spl pi//L product has been measured for TE-polarization of 224 V/cm at 633 nm. Furthermore, it has been found that the electrical resistance between the electrodes is reduced by thermal poling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stiripentol in Childhood Partial Epilepsy: Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial with Enrichment and Withdrawal Design (2006)

Stiripentol, a new antiepileptic drug inhibiting cytochrome P450-enzymes, suggested some efficacy when combined with carbamazepine in an open trial in refractory partial epilepsy of childhood. Our objective was to test these results in a placebo-controlled trial. To limit the number of patients included, we used an enrichment and withdrawal design. Among the 67 children entered in a 4-month open add-on stiripentol study following a 1-month single-blind placebo baseline, the 32 responders were randomized for 2 months either to continue stiripentol (n = 17) or to withdraw to placebo (n = 15). If seizures increased by at least 50% after randomization compared with baseline, the patients dropped out (primary end point): there were six patients on stiripentol and eight patients on placebo (not significant). However, a decrease in seizure frequency compared with baseline (secondary end point) was greater on stiripentol (-75%) than on placebo (-22%) (P < .025). Twelve patients experienced at least one adverse event on stiripentol (71%) compared with four patients on placebo (27%); none were reported as severe. The combination of stiripentol and carbamazepine proved to reduce seizure frequency in children with refractory partial epilepsy, although it failed to show a significant impact according to the escape criteria selected as the primary end point in the present study, for ethical reasons.
Asphere testing with a Fizeau interferometer based on a combined computer-generated hologram (2006)

Fizeau interferometers with an additional diffractive optical element are frequently used for measuring spherical and aspherical surfaces. We present a new (to our knowledge) optical test method, in which the Fizeau principle is now perfectly fulfilled by generating reference and measuring wavefront on the last optical surface, which carries a diffractive optical element. This method has been examined experimentally by testing a reference f/0.68 spherical mirror and can be applied identically for testing aspheres. Several advantages of this method are discussed and proved experimentally.
MicroReview: The bacterial Sm‐like protein Hfq: a key player in RNA transactions (2004)

The conserved RNA-binding protein Hfq, originally discovered in Escherichia coli as a host factor for Qbeta replicase, has emerged as a pleiotropic regulator that modulates the stability or the translation of an increasing number of mRNAs. During the past 5 years, Hfq-mediated control has been an area of increasing focus because the protein has been linked to the action of many versatile RNA-based regulators that use basepairing interactions to regulate the expression of target mRNAs. The recent findings that Hfq assists in bimolecular RNA-RNA interactions and is similar structurally and functionally to eukaryotic Sm proteins have further fueled interest in this important post-transcriptional regulator. Here, we summarize the history of Hfq and highlight results that have led to an important gain in insight into the physiology, biochemistry and evolution of Hfq and its homologues.
Theory of nuclear magnetic relaxation in Haldane-gap antiferromagnets (1996)

A theory of nuclear magnetic resonance is developed for integer-spin, one-dimensional antiferromagnets, which exhibit the Haldane gap. We consider free boson, free fermion, and nonlinear $\ensuremath{\sigma}$-model approaches, all of which give similar results. The detailed anisotropy and magnetic field dependence is calculated and compared with experiment.
<scp>PAMP</scp>s and <scp>DAMP</scp>s: signal 0s that spur autophagy and immunity (2012)

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) are derived from microorganisms and recognized by pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-bearing cells of the innate immune system as well as many epithelial cells. In contrast, damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) are cell-derived and initiate and perpetuate immunity in response to trauma, ischemia, and tissue damage, either in the absence or presence of pathogenic infection. Most PAMPs and DAMPs serve as so-called 'Signal 0s' that bind specific receptors [Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, AIM2-like receptors, and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)] to promote autophagy. Autophagy, a conserved lysosomal degradation pathway, is a cell survival mechanism invoked in response to environmental and cellular stress. Autophagy is inferred to have been present in the last common eukaryotic ancestor and only to have been lost by some obligatory intracellular parasites. As such, autophagy represents a unifying biology, subserving survival and the earliest host defense strategies, predating apoptosis, within eukaryotes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of autophagic molecular mechanisms and functions in emergent immunity.
Wavelet processing of systolic murmurs to assist with clinical diagnosis of heart disease. (2004)

Despite advances in imaging technologies for the heart, screening of patients for cardiac pathology continues to include the use of traditional stethoscope auscultation. Detection of heart murmurs by the primary care physician often results in the ordering of additional expensive testing or referral to cardiology subspecialists, although many of the patients are eventually found to have no pathologic condition. In contrast, auscultation by an experienced cardiologist is highly sensitive and specific for detecting heart disease. Although attempts have been made to automate screening by auscultation, no device is currently available to fulfill this function. Multiple indicators of pathology are nonetheless available from heart sounds and can be elicited using certain signal processing techniques such as wavelet analysis. Results presented here show that a signal of pathology, the systolic murmur, can reliably be detected and classified as pathologic using a portable electrocardiogram and heart sound measurement unit combined with a wavelet-based algorithm. Wavelet decomposition holds promise for extending these results to detection and evaluation of other audible pathologic indicators.
Highly efficient in-droplet particle concentration and separation by twDEP and EWOD for digital microfluidics (2007)

This paper describes highly efficient in-droplet particle concentrations/separations (over 92% efficiency), where target particles are concentrated/separated within a droplet by traveling wave dielectrophoresis (twDEP) and a subsequent EWOD (electrowetting-on-dielectric) actuation physically splits target-rich regions into individual droplets. This in-droplet method will provide a new functionality of separation/concentration for digital (droplet-based) microfluidics [1], thereby possibly eliminating the necessity of adopting the conventional continuous-flow-based separation methods.
Control of<i>Bcl-2</i>expression by reactive oxygen species (2003)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate apoptosis in many different cell types. We have previously shown that the antioxidant Mn(III) tetrakis(5,10,15,20-benzoic acid)porphyrin (MnTBAP) decreased intracellular ROS and prevented the apoptosis of activated T cells in vitro. To determine the mechanism(s) by which MnTBAP afforded such protection, we used Affymetrix (Santa Clara, CA) gene arrays to compare gene expression in T cells activated with staphylococcal enterotoxin B in vivo then cultured with or without MnTBAP. This analysis showed that the antioxidant increased the expression of Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic molecule whose levels are normally decreased by T cell activation. Culture with MnTBAP revealed a tight inverse correlation between the levels of Bcl-2 and ROS within T cells. In vivo, production of ROS in activated T cells occurred before Bcl-2 down-regulation. Furthermore, MnTBAP's ability to prevent death required the expression of Bcl-2 in most T cells. Finally, neither ROS production nor the effects on Bcl-2 expression required Bim, the Bcl-2 antagonist that mediates the death of activated T cells in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that ROS sensitize T cells to apoptosis by decreasing expression of Bcl-2.
[Once-weekly teriparatide treatment on osteoporosis]. (2014)

Teriparatide (human PTH 1-34) transiently stimulate both bone formation and bone resorption and subsequently bone formation markers increased. The changes in bone turnover markers 24 h after each injection of once-weekly 56.5μg teriparatide were constant for 24 weeks. Once-weekly injections of teriparatide increased bone mineral density by 8.1% at the lumbar spine and reduced the risk of new vertebral fracture with a relative risk reduction of 80% compared to placebo for the patients with osteoporosis. Significant vertebral fracture risk reductions were also observed in the patients with high risk for fracture such as higher age, low bone mineral density, or sever vertebral fracture grade. Once-weekly teriparatide improved cortical bone parameters at proximal femur, may have the potential to prevent hip fracture. The duration of teriparatide treatment was limited. Therefore subsequent treatment for osteoporosis should be need. Bisphosphonates seem to be a useful choice as a subsequent treatment to once-weekly teriparatide.
Critical Influence of Natural Regulatory CD25+ T Cells on the Fate of Allografts in the Absence of Immunosuppression (2005)

Natural CD25(+) Treg cells control Th1- and Th2-type allohelper T-cell responses and thereby influence the fate of allografts in nonimmunosuppressed recipients.
Open-source software in class (2018)

Introducing Open Source Software (OSS) projects into a software-engineering course has many advantages, for instance, allowing students to learn good coding practices from real-world projects, and giving students a glimpse of a real project. However, it is not easy for instructors to induce one or more OSS core teams to lend support for course projects. The alternative is to have students work on "toy features"---features for these projects not specified by OSS core teams, but by teaching staff. However, the project may be unimportant to the OSS project or may disrupt its design, making those code contributions unlikely to be integrated into the OSS code repository. In this paper, we, as both teaching staff and the core team for one OSS project called Expertiza, discuss our experience in supporting 700 students on 313 OSS-based course projects in the past five years. We manually checked these course projects, and summarize 13 common mistakes that frequently occur in students' contributions, such as not following the existing design or messy pull requests. We propose five suggestions to help students reduce the frequency of common mistakes and improve the quality of their OSS pull requests.
The Reaction between o-Aminoazo Compounds and Barbituric Acid. A New Synthesis of Riboflavin (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction between o-Aminoazo Compounds and Barbituric Acid. A New Synthesis of RiboflavinMax Tishler, Karl Pfister 3rd, R. D. Babson, Kurt Ladenburg, and Ann J. FlemingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 6, 1487–1492Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01198a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01198a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views688Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A modified medium access control algorithm for systems with iterative decoding (2006)

Efficient transmission methods for fading radio channels often require an iterative decoder. This is for example the case for systems using turbo codes. Receiver decoder iterations could potentially lead to a latency problem which impacts the performance of the medium access control protocol. In this paper, we present modifications based on the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) medium access control (MAC) protocol to accommodate the increased latency in the iterative processing. One area of applications is wireless local area networks (WLANs) with high data rate. The simulation results performed in the IEEE 802.11a WLAN environment by replacing the 802:11a's convolutional coding with turbo coding demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides a throughput gain over the conventional method.
Natural organic matter removal by ion exchange at different positions in the drinking water treatment lane (2013)

Abstract. To guarantee a good water quality at the customers tap, natural organic matter (NOM) should be (partly) removed during drinking water treatment. The objective of this research was to improve the biological stability of the produced water by incorporating anion exchange (IEX) for NOM removal. Different placement positions of IEX in the treatment lane (IEX positioned before coagulation, before ozonation or after slow sand filtration) and two IEX configurations (MIEX® and fluidized IEX (FIX)) were compared on water quality as well as costs. For this purpose the pre-treatment plant at Loenderveen and production plant Weesperkarspel of Waternet were used as a case study. Both, MIEX® and FIX were able to remove NOM (mainly the HS fraction) to a high extent. NOM removal can be done efficiently before ozonation and after slow sand filtration. The biological stability, in terms of assimilable organic carbon, biofilm formation rate and dissolved organic carbon, was improved by incorporating IEX for NOM removal. The operational costs were assumed to be directly dependent of the NOM removal rate and determined the difference between the IEX positions. The total costs for IEX for the three positions were approximately equal (0.0631 € m−3), however the savings on following treatment processes caused a cost reduction for the IEX positions before coagulation and before ozonation compared to IEX positioned after slow sand filtration. IEX positioned before ozonation was most cost effective and improved the biological stability of the treated water.
El concepto de Ciudadanía en Internet. (2010)

Traditionally, the concept of citizenship has been linked to the rights and sense of belonging to a community. Some authors suggest that the influence of globalization, might be transforming such a conception. Considering the internet as a source of information and discussion at the global level, it is worth asking what is meant by citizenship in the Web and what issues are linked to it. To answer this question we conducted a search of this word using Google and the results were analyzed.
Cortical Degeneration in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. A Comparison with Cortical-Basal Ganglionic Degeneration (1997)

We report 3 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) who developed limb apraxia, focal dystonia, and arm levitation late in the course of the disease. Neuropathological examination revealed cortical degeneration in addition to the characteristic pathological findings of PSP. Semiquantitative comparative histological and immunohistological studies of the neocortex of these patients as well as 5 cases of classical PSP and 4 cases of cortical-basal ganglionic degeneration (CBGD) revealed a distinctive form of cortical degeneration in PSP. The cortical degeneration was often circumscribed and confined to premotor and motor cortex. It was characterized by neuronal loss and gliosis. Swollen neurons were only rarely observed in neocortex of PSP cases in contrast with CBGD, where they were abundant. Neuronal and glial tau as well as tau immunoreactive threads were seen in both PSP and CBGD, but were more abundant in CBGD. The appearance of tau reactive astrocytes also differed in both disorders; tufted astrocytes were seen exclusively in PSP, while typical annular astrocytic plaques were confined to CBGD. These observations indicate that cortical degeneration occurs in PSP and may be associated with atypical clinical manifestations that lead to diagnostic difficulties.
DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION OF FUNGAL CELL WALL FORMATION (1994)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More
A brief comparison of some technological and environmental aspects of large-scale surface and underground mining of oil shale, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado (1984)

Comparison of several aspects of surface and underground methods of mining for large-scale oil shale extraction in the Piceance Creek Basin suggests that surface mining techniques may have several advantages over underground methods. For a production level of one million barrels of shale oil per day, potential advantages include those related to economics, environmental effects, and the overall national interest. One million barrels of shale oil per day could be produced from 2-3 large surface mines compared to perhaps 10-20 large underground mines. Fewer surface mines would result in: fewer roads and utility corridors, less acres disturbed per barrel of oil produced, reduced detrimental effects on ground water and surface water, less wildlife disturbance, a safer overall operation, a greater opportunity to achieve stable long-term land and water reclamation, potential economic advantages related to scale and materials handling, and a three- to five-fold increase in resource recovery. Advantages to underground (including modified in situ (MIS)) mines include: more flexibility of mine siting, mining and handling a minimum of waste rock, and simplified ore grade control for processing.