gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Basis of the Antidiabetic Activity of Oleanolic Acid and Related Pentacyclic Triterpenes (2013)

Oleanolic acid (OA), a natural component of many plant food and medicinal herbs, is endowed with a wide range of pharmacological properties whose therapeutic potential has only partly been exploited until now. Throughout complex and multifactorial mechanisms, OA exerts beneficial effects against diabetes and metabolic syndrome. It improves insulin response, preserves functionality and survival of β-cells, and protects against diabetes complications. OA may directly modulate enzymes connected to insulin biosynthesis, secretion, and signaling. However, its major contributions appear to be derived from the interaction with important transduction pathways, and many of its effects are consistently related to activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Doing that, OA induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes and phase II response genes, blocks NF-κB, and represses the polyol pathway, AGEs production, and hyperlipidemia. The management of type 2 diabetes requires an integrated approach, which includes the early intervention to prevent or delay the disease progression, and the use of therapies to control glycemia and lipidemia in its late stages. In this sense, the use of functional foods or drugs containing OA is, undoubtedly, an interesting path.
Blind adaptive multiuser detection (1995)

The decorrelating detector and the linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detector are known to be effective strategies to counter the presence of multiuser interference in code-division multiple-access channels; in particular, those multiuser detectors provide optimum near-far resistance. When training data sequences are available, the MMSE multiuser detector can be implemented adaptively without knowledge of signature waveforms or received amplitudes. This paper introduces an adaptive multiuser detector which converges (for any initialization) to the MMSE detector without requiring training sequences. This blind multiuser detector requires no more knowledge than does the conventional single-user receiver: the desired user's signature waveform and its timing. The proposed blind multiuser detector is made robust with respect to imprecise knowledge of the received signature waveform of the user of interest.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The aluminum flat heat pipe using cyclopentane as working fluid (2003)

Aluminum flat heat pipes are expected to be very useful for electronic components cooling because thin, light and bendable pipes are possible. However, there is a problem that conventional working fluids, such as freons (including not only CFCs but also HCFCs and HFCs), are harmful to the global environment. In this paper, cyclopentane application to aluminum heat pipes is discussed. First, thermal resistance in aluminum-cyclopentane heat pipes was evaluated as compared with aluminum-HCFC123 heat pipes. Secondary, the long time reliability in aluminum-cyclopentane heat pipes was compared with that of aluminum-HCFC123. These evaluations showed the possibility of substitution for HCFC123 by cyclopentane and gave one answer to the working fluid problem in aluminum heat pipes.
The Sum of Log-Normal Probability Distributions in Scatter Transmission Systems (1960)

The long-term fluctuation of transmission loss in scatter propagation systems has been found to have a logarithmicnormal distribution. In other words, the scatter loss in decibels has Gaussian statistical distribution. Therefore, in many important communication systems (e.g., FM), the noise power of a radio jump, or hop, has log-normal statistical distribution. In a multihop system, the noise power of each hop contributes to the total noise. The resulting noise of the system is therefore the statistical sum of the individual noise distributions. In multihop scatter systems and others, such as multichannel speech-transmission systems, the sum of several log-normal distributions is needed. No exact solution to this problem is known. The following discussion presents an approximate solution which is satisfactory in most practical cases. For tactical multihop scatter systems, a further approximation is proposed, which reduces significantly the necessary computation. An example of the computation is given.
A Clearing Technique for Detecting the Fungal Endophyte<i>Acremonium sp</i>. in Grasses (1993)

Leaf tissue of tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreb., hard fescue Festuca ovina L., red fescue Festuca rubra L. and perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L. was stained with rose Bengal or aniline blue to detect the presence of the fungal endophyte Acremonium sp.. Specimens were cleared using methyl salicylate, an optical clearing agent, and viewed using bright field microscopy. Tissue was preserved as dried tissue or stored in 70% aqueous ethyl alcohol before staining and clearing. Tissue was observed at 2, 4 and 12 weeks following clearing to check for stain retention. Staining with rose Bengal was inferior to aniline blue when followed by the clearing agent methyl salicylate. Fungal mycelia stained lighter with rose Bengal and were more difficult to detect than mycelia stained with aniline blue. The results illustrate the usefulness of combining staining and methyl salicylate clearing for detecting fungal endophytes.
Private Virtual Cloud Infrastructure Modelling using “VCPHCF-RTT” Security Agent (2018)

Cloud Security issue is one of the biggest challenges that hampers the growth of Cloud for its various service provisioning. Major Service Provisioning of cloud is On-Demand access to shared pool of resources involving delivery of hosted services over the inter-network connections. Security of Private Virtual Cloud Infrastructure will be proposed against IP-Spoofing based DDoS Attacks using Private Virtual Cloud Infrastructure Model. Virtualization Enhancement will be done in Cloud using proposed Security Agent VCPHCF-RTT. Performance Parameters will be analysed after introspection to cloud security techniques to resolve focussed Research Problem Issues and Challenges. VCPHCF-RTT technique which will be implemented on virtual machine monitor would help in catching malicious packets while packets transmissions between the virtual machines server and virtual machine clients through virtual intermediate routers with the unique patch of probability and round trip time in hop count filter method.
Porphyrins in the interstellar medium (in grains) (1994)

Spectral sensitivity of the chromophores to their immediate chemical environment establishes some of the chemical constituents of the grains in which they reside. These are: (1) Paraffins, such as, octane, nonane, decane, and others...(needed for Shpolskii matrices and producing quasilines); and (2) Pyridine. The presence of pyridine is required not only to produce the spectral DIB matching, but also to produce the 36 cm(sup -1) crystal field splitting of the S(sub 1) electronic state. The presence of pyridine in the grains can be confirmed spectroscopically. Pyridine produces a transmission window at 2175 A, matching exactly the well known UV hump. On grain reflection, some of the incoming UV radiation is absorbed into the grain's outer layers. Spikes in the lab and in the astronomical data are due to vibronic transitions in pyridine. The lab spectroscopy reported here clearly establishes the presence of MgTBP, H2TPB, and pyridine in the interstellar grains. The high fluorescence efficiency of MgTBP (being optically pumped in the visible) apparently accounts for all the observed UIR emissions.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of triazole-containing N-acyl homoserine lactones as quorum sensing modulators (2012)

Many bacterial species are capable of assessing their local population densities through a cell-cell signaling mechanism termed quorum sensing (QS). This intercellular communication process is mediated by small molecule or peptide ligands and their cognate protein receptors. Numerous pathogens use QS to initiate virulence once they achieve a threshold cell number on a host. Consequently, approaches to intercept QS have attracted considerable attention as potential anti-infective therapies. Our interest in the development of small molecule tools to modulate QS pathways motivated us to evaluate triazole-containing analogs of natural N-acyl L-homoserine lactone (AHL) signals as non-native QS agonists and antagonists in Gram-negative bacteria. We synthesized 72 triazole derivatives of five broad structure types in high yields and purities using efficient Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne couplings. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to activate or inhibit two QS receptors from two prevalent pathogens - LasR from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and AbaR from Acinetobacter baumannii- using bacterial reporter strains. Several triazole derivatives were identified that were capable of strongly modulating the activity of LasR and AbaR. These compounds represent a new and synthetically accessible class of AHL analogs, and could find utility as chemical tools to study QS and its role in bacterial virulence.
Algebraic Statistics for Computational Biology (2005)

The quantitative analysis of biological sequence data is based on methods from statistics coupled with efficient algorithms from computer science. Algebra provides a framework for unifying many of the seemingly disparate techniques used by computational biologists. This book, first published in 2005, offers an introduction to this mathematical framework and describes tools from computational algebra for designing new algorithms for exact, accurate results. These algorithms can be applied to biological problems such as aligning genomes, finding genes and constructing phylogenies. The first part of this book consists of four chapters on the themes of Statistics, Computation, Algebra and Biology, offering speedy, self-contained introductions to the emerging field of algebraic statistics and its applications to genomics. In the second part, the four themes are combined and developed to tackle real problems in computational genomics. As the first book in the exciting and dynamic area, it will be welcomed as a text for self-study or for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses.
In situ recognition of autoantigen as an essential gatekeeper in autoimmune CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell inflammation (2010)

A current paradigm states that non-antigen-specific inflammatory cues attract noncognate, bystander T cell specificities to sites of infection and autoimmune inflammation. Here we show that cues emanating from a tissue undergoing spontaneous autoimmune inflammation cannot recruit naive or activated bystander T cell specificities in the absence of local expression of cognate antigen. We monitored the recruitment of CD8(+) T cells specific for the prevalent diabetogenic epitope islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP)(206-214) in gene-targeted nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice expressing a T cell "invisible" IGRP(206-214) sequence. These mice developed islet inflammation and diabetes with normal incidence and kinetics, but their inflammatory lesions could recruit neither naive (endogenous or exogenous) nor ex vivo-activated IGRP(206-214)-reactive CD8(+) T cells. Conversely, IGRP(206-214)-reactive, but not nonautoreactive CD8(+) T cells rapidly homed to and accumulated in the inflamed islets of wild-type NOD mice. Our results indicate that CD8(+) T cell recruitment to a site of autoimmune inflammation results from an active process that is strictly dependent on local display of cognate pMHC and suggest that CD8(+) T cells contained in extralymphoid autoimmune lesions are largely autoreactive.
A 500-Channel Streamer System (1977)

ABSTRACT Space age technology makes possible a seismic streamer cable of 500 data channels. Seismic data are converted into floating-point digital format and transmitted down a coaxial cable by microminiature processing units spaced along the cable. A number of ancillary channels are used for status checking, control, and calibration purposes and to transmit data on the depth and orientation of the cable. The 500 channels originate from 50 10-channel modules. All modules are identical and can be freely interchanged without adjustment of circuits or programs. On board the towing ship, command signals may be generated to bypass damaged modules or to change the sampling rate on selected modules. INTRODUCTION Since the beginning of seismic reflection exploration, there has been an inexorable trend toward increasing the number of independent recording channels. The first reflection work in 1927 was done with two channels recorded simultaneously. By 1976 virtually all marine seismic crews were recording with at least 48 channels. Several were using 96 channels and a few were beginning to experiment with 200 or 250. Several forces have been at work to drive the increase in number of channels. At first, the closer spacing of observation points was sought to aid in the observation of continuity of reflecting horizons. At a later time it was recognized that longer spreads could be used to distinguish between primary and multiple reflections. Geophysicists were reluctant to increase the spacing between detector groups because they would then lose the precious continuity they had gained. Hence, the only alternative was further to increase the number of independent channels or traces on each record. IMPROVING RESOLUTION Within the past few years, a desire for improved resolution has provided a new motivation for increasing the number of channels. Improved resolution is sought because hydrocarbon traps discernible by methods having a limited resolution have been essentially exhausted in some areas. Even in areas which have not been combed over with the resolution heretofore available, improved resolution is expected to improve the oilman's ability to distinguish between a productive and a dry trap. Outside the hydrocarbon industry, the need for higher resolution is equally compelling as for example, in delineating faults to determine the safety of a nuclear reactor site. There is now also perceived a real possibility that a high-resolution seismic reflection system could reliably delineate actual hydrocarbon deposits rather than merely indicate possible traps1. Requiring an increase in resolution in the vertical direction is precisely equivalent to mandating the passing of higher frequencies through the seismic system. The minimum thickness of a bed that can be detected under ideal conditions by seismic reflection methods is about one eighth of the wavelength of the highest frequency within the spectrum used in the reflection survey.
Television Based Fourier Holographic System (1974)

A system for recording Fourier transform holograms on a television camera for use with an existing realtime reconstruction device is described. Measurements of the system's visibility, associated efficiency measurements, and a general procedure for determining the system's optimum operating point are presented. Initial off-line reconstructions and a comparison of various optical synthesis systems for television based Fourier transform holograms are included.
Relationship Between HIV Coreceptor Tropism and Disease Progression in Persons With Untreated Chronic HIV Infection (2009)

Untreated patients with D/M rather than R5 CRT had a faster rate of disease progression, whether assessed by a composite outcome of time to CD4 count < or =350 cells per microliter, treatment initiation, or death or by separate analyses of time to CD4 count < or =350 cells per microliter or treatment initiation.
Thermal Degradation of Polyphosphazene Homopolymers and Copolymers Prepared by the Anionic Polymerization of Phosphoranimines (1995)

Abstract The thermal degradation of poly(bis-trifluoroethoxyphosphazene), as well as random and block copolymers bearing trifluoroethoxy and alkoxyalkoxy groups synthesized by the anionically initiated polymerization of phosphoranimines, has been investigated by TGA. These studies indicate that the thermal stability of the copolymers decreases with incorporation of alkoxyalkoxy groups. There is no direct correlation between the calculated activation energies of decomposition. This has been attributed to entropy differences. Molecular weight vs conversion plots indicate that depolymerization occurs by chain end initiation followed by complete unzipping to cyclic trimer. This is in contrast to polymers prepared by the ring-opening method. This difference has been attributed to a defect-free structure. The primary product of the decomposition of these polymers is the corresponding cyclic trimer.
Transmembrane action potential heterogeneity in the canine isolated arterially perfused right atrium: effect of<i>I</i><sub>Kr</sub>and<i>I</i><sub>Kur</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>to</sub>block (2004)

The role of electrical heterogeneity in development of cardiac arrhythmias is well recognized. The extent to which transmembrane action potential (TAP) heterogeneity contributes to the normal electrophysiology of well-oxygenated atria is not well defined. The principal objective of the present study was to define regional and transmural differences in characteristics of the TAP in isolated superfused and arterially perfused canine right atrial (RA) preparations under baseline, rapidly activating delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(Kr)) block, and combined block of ultrarapid delayed rectifier and transient outward K(+) current (I(Kur)/I(to) block). Superfused preparations that survived generally displayed a triangle-shaped TAP. Exceptions included cells from the crista terminalis, where TAPs with a normal plateau could be recorded. In contrast, most TAPs recorded from throughout the perfused RA displayed a spike-and-dome and/or plateau morphology. The perfused RA displayed a heterogeneous distribution of repolarization, V(max), and spike-and-dome morphology along the epicardial and endocardial surfaces as well as transmurally, in the region of the upper crista terminalis. I(Kr) block with E-4031 prolonged repolarization homogeneously in the perfused RA, whereas I(Kur)/I(to) block using low concentrations of 4-aminopyridine abbreviated action potential duration at 90% repolarization heterogeneously, leading to a reduction in dispersion of repolarization. Our data indicate that the electrical heterogeneities, previously described for the canine ventricle, also exist within the atria and that I(Kr) block does not accentuate and I(Kur)/I(to) block reduces RA dispersion of repolarization. Our study also points to major differences in the transmembrane activity recorded using superfused vs. arterially perfused atrial preparations.
Recalling Taste Intensities in Sweetened and Salted Liquids (1996)

The effect of training on recalling taste intensities over 6 weeks was studied using an ad libitum mixing procedure. Subjects tasted sweet and salty standards labeled as "weak' and "strong' (3 and 8% sucrose in redcurrant juice; 0.4 and 1.2% NaCl in beef broth). They subsequently mixed unsweetened and sweetened juice, and unsalted and salted broth, to produce taste intensities that corresponded to the standards. A minimum training (MT) group (n = 13) produced comparison stimuli by tasting and directly comparing with standards in one session only; an extensive training (ET) group (n = 13) did this in six sessions before producing comparison stimuli based on memory only at 1 h, 1 day, 1 week and 6 weeks. An upward bias (chemically determined concentrations of comparison stimuli exceeding those of standards) occurred at 1 day or 1 week in MT subjects for 'weak' and 'strong' sweetness, and for 'strong' saltiness, and sustained thereafter. The upward tendency was also observed in ET subjects but was significant only for 'strong' sweetness. It is important to recognize memory effects such as the one described, as they affect food perceptions and can be a major source of bias in sensory food research.
A Service-Oriented Design Framework for Secure Network Applications (2006)

Service oriented architecture (SOA) is an architectural style to reuse and integrate existing systems for designing new applications. Each application is designed in an implementation independent manner using two major abstract concepts: services and connections between services. In SOA, the non-functional aspects (e.g., security and fault tolerance) of services and connections should be described separately from their functional aspects (i.e., business logic) because different applications use services and connections in different non-functional contexts. This paper presents a UML profile to graphically describe and maintain non-functional aspects in SOA in an implementation independent manner. This paper also describes how the proposed profile is used to develop secure service-oriented applications
System design for detection and correction of spelling errors in scientific and scholarly text (1984)

Abstract The SPEEDCOP project recently completed at Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) extracted over 50,000 misspellings from approximately 25,000,000 words of text from seven scientific and scholarly databases. The misspellings were automatically classified and analyzed and the results used to design and implement a program that proved capable of correcting most such errors. Analysis of the performance of the spelling error detection and correction programs highlighted the features that should be incorporated into a powerful and user‐friendly interactive system suitable for nonprogram‐mers. These include document level thresholds for misspelling detection, automatic reuse of user decisions, and user verification and control of correction. An advantage of the proposed design is that the system automatically customizes itself to its environment. This article is primarily concerned with system design, not implementation details.
Fat Degradation in Cheddar Cheese Made from Pasteurized Milk, Without and With Added Lipase (1945)

The factors influencing flavor development in cheddar cheese have been extensively investigated, with the early studies largely involving the relationship of protein degradation to flavor production. Recently, the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station has been investigating the relationship of fat degradation to flavor development (2, 3).
Fluoronitroaliphatics. V. Carbonyl additions of fluorodinitromethane (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluoronitroaliphatics. V. Carbonyl additions of fluorodinitromethaneHorst G. AdolphCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 9, 3188–3190Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00834a084https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00834a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts