gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of mutant alpha-synuclein modulates microglial phenotype in vitro (2011)

These data demonstrated that over-expression of α-synuclein drives microglial cells into a form of reactive phenotype characterized by elevated levels of arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes, cytokine secretion, and reactive nitrogen species secretion all superimposed upon impaired phagocytic potential.
Ectopic Potassium Uptake in trk1 trk2 Mutants ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae Correlates with a Highly Hyperpolarized Membrane Potential (1998)

Null trk1 trk2 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibit a low-affinity uptake of K+ and Rb+. We show that this low-affinity Rb+ uptake is mediated by several independent transporters, and that trk1Delta cells and especially trk1Delta trk2Delta cells are highly hyperpolarized. Differences in the membrane potentials were assessed for sensitivity to hygromycin B and by flow cytometric analyses of cellular DiOC6(3) fluorescence. On the basis of the latter analyses, it is proposed that Trk1p and Trk2p are involved in the control of the membrane potential, preventing excessive hyperpolarizations. K+ starvation and nitrogen starvation hyperpolarize both TRK1 TRK2 and trk1Delta trk2Delta cells, thus suggesting that other proteins, in addition to Trk1p and Trk2p, participate in the control of the membrane potential. The HAK1 K+ transporter from Schwanniomyces occidentalis suppresses the K+-defective transport of trk1Delta trk2Delta cells but not the high hyperpolarization, and the HKT1 K+ transporter from wheat suppresses both defects, in the presence of Na+. We discuss the mechanism involved in the control of the membrane potential by Trk1p and Trk2p and the causal relationship between the high membrane potential (negative inside) of trk1Delta trk2Delta cells and its ectopic transport of alkali cations.
Development of FCC Catalyst Magnetic Separation (1997)

Abstract Magnetic separation has been historically active in several different industries, yet has not been utilized in petroleum refining until recently. Development of economical permanent magnets with high magnetic strength has led to a new process known as MagnaCat®. The MagnaCat® Process separates less active (high metals) particles catalyst from equilibrium Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalyst, producing a higher activity/lower metals catalyst for recycle. Pilot FCC studies showed lower hydrogen, dry gas, and coke make with higher wet gas and octane from catalyst separated by MagnaCat®. With the use of a MagnaCat® Process unit, a refiner would produce an economic advantage of $0.20 to $0.40/Barrel of FCC charge and enhance unit operability.
Interaction of macrophage cationic proteins with the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1988)

The interaction of the polycationic rabbit alveolar macrophage cationic proteins MCP-1 and MCP-2 (or their identical neutrophil equivalents NP-1 and NP-2) with the surface of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated. Both proteins bound avidly to purified lipopolysaccharide, as judged by their ability to competitively displace the probe dansyl polymyxin with 50% inhibition (I50) values of 2 to 3 microM. Similar I50 were measured with dansyl polymyxin as a probe for cell surface binding, suggesting that the initial binding site for MCP-1 and MCP-2 on the surface of cells was lipopolysaccharide. Both MCP-1 and MCP-2 permeabilized outer membranes to the hydrophobic fluorescent probe 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN). The initial rate of NPN uptake plotted against the concentration of MCP-1 or MCP-2 gave sigmoidal curves, suggesting cooperative permeabilization of the outer membrane. Replotting the data as a Hill plot gave an affinity parameter, S0.5, the concentration of MCP giving a half-maximal increase in the rate of NPN uptake, of 5 and 25 microM for MCP-1 and MCP-2, respectively, and thus subsequent studies concentrated on the more active permeabilizer MCP-1. Permeabilization of outer membranes to NPN was a function of buffer pH, with lower pH considerably favoring the permeabilizing effects of MCP-1. Thin-section electron microscopic visualization of MCP-1-treated cells showed production of extended blebs. Further evidence of an altered cell surface after MCP-1 treatment was obtained by demonstrating that treated unopsonized cells were more efficiently phagocytosed by unelicited rabbit alveolar macrophages. The data overall suggest that macrophage cationic proteins interact with the P. aeruginosa outer membrane in a manner typical of other polycations and suggest that one of their major functions may be to permeabilize the outer membrane.
Raman Scattering from Flames (1972)

Laser Raman scattering data for nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor have been obtained from hydrogen-air and hydrogen-oxygen flames. The resulting ground-state and upper-state vibrational bands exhibit strong asymmetrical broadening. Experimental spectral profiles have been fitted theoretically to give a new measurement technique for the determination of rotational and vibrational excitation temperatures.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of a Fin-Actuated Robotic Fish With Multimodal Swimming (2018)

Dynamical model is always an important factor in controller design for robots. Existing models of robotic fish typically incorporate only planar motion, rarely considering spatial motion. This paper formulates a complete three-dimensional (3-D) dynamic model for the robotic fish actuated by pectoral and caudal fins, in which the fluid forces mainly contain quasi-steady lift and drag, gravity and buoyancy, and waterjet strike force. The critical lift and drag of flapping fins are derived with an explicit 3-D angle of attack. Taking a bioinspired central pattern generator as the system actuation, our model can produce multimodal maneuvers, including forward/backward swimming, turning, and ascending/descending, as well as complicated motions, such as rolling and spiraling. Motions simulated in a 3-D environment are experimentally validated with a free-swimming robotic fish. Furthermore, systematic comparisons between simulations and experiments are conducted over a wide range of the control parameter space for beating frequency, amplitude, and offset. The overall results demonstrate the effectiveness and the versatility of the developed 3-D dynamic model in the prediction of the robot trajectory, velocity, and attitude.
A note on probabilistic logic (1988)

This paper answers a question posed by Nils Nilsson in his paper [9] on Probabilistic Logic: When is the maximum entropy solution to the entailment problem equal to the solution obtained by the projection method? Conditions are given for the relevant matrices and vectors which can be tested without actually computing the two solutions and comparing them. Examples are discussed and some comments made concerning the use and computational problems of probabilistic logic.
THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF MOTOR CORTEX, NIGROSTRIATAL DOPAMINE AND CAUDATE-PUTAMEN TO SKILLED FORELIMB USE IN THE RAT (1986)

Skilled forelimb use was studied in rats with unilateral lesions of the sensorimotor cortex, the caudate-putamen, or the dopaminergic nigrostriatal bundle, in a task involving reaching for food. Limb preference and efficiency were evaluated, as well as the relationship between limb use, spontaneous, and methamphetamine-induced rotation bias, both preoperatively and postoperatively. To induce use of the nonpreferred limb, a bracelet, which prevented reaching but not other movements, was attached to the forearm of the preferred forelimb. Whereas small cortical lesions of the forepaw area of the sensorimotor cortex mildly influenced limb preference and use, larger lesions changed preference. Furthermore, medium-sized sensorimotor cortex lesions impaired contralateral limb use, although surprising recovery occurred on the forced tests with the bracelet. Large cortical lesions abolished effective reaching even on the forced tests. Impairments similar to those following sensorimotor cortex lesions were also obtained following small and large caudate-putamen lesions. By contrast, unilateral dopamine depletions not only blocked use of the limb contralateral to the depletion but also impaired use of the ipsilateral limb. There was recovery in use of the ipsilateral forelimb but not the contralateral forelimb. Correlational analysis showed a weak relation between methamphetamine-induced rotation and limb preference preoperatively but no significant relation between these two variables postoperatively. The similarity in the deficits following sensorimotor cortex lesions and basal ganglia lesions suggests that skilled forelimb use depends upon a shared neural organization within the two systems.
ONE-SIDED 'HOT START' WELDING OF ROOT-RUNS (1975)

This article describes a new welding method called 'hot start' welding. One sided welding against a ceramic backing was developed, through the use of 'hot start' devices, to overcome weld faults such as porosity of the weld due to inherent moisture content, the formation of pipes, or cavities, formed by contraction during solidification of the last portion of liquid metal, and others. How this new technique overcomes these problems, economic advantages over other methods, equipment required to operate this method, and an example showing the amount of time that is saved by using this technique are given.
THE RARE-EARTH METALS (1960)

Owing to the great similarity of the properties of the rare-earth elements in aqueous solutions, and to the fact that their precipitates in such media tend to form mixed crystals, it was a very tedious and time-consuming operation to separate the compounds of the elements in the pure form before ion-exchange techniques were developed. As a result, many scientists who would have liked to work with these elements found it extremely difficult and expensive to obtain them. Only a few workers who had specialized in this field were able to examine their properties. In spite of this difficulty, however, much of the inorganic chemistry of the rare earths was known by 1940. Cerium metal had been known for about 100 years, having been prepared by Mosander in 1827. In 1937, Klemm and Bommer had prepared the rare-earth metals in a form that permitted the determination of some of the properties of many of these metals, such as crystal structures, magnetic susceptibilities, and densities. This work indicated that the pure rare-earth elements in the metallic state were not nearly so much alike in their properties as had hitherto been generally assumed, and these differences became much more apparent as the metals were studied in more detail.
Redox-sensitive colorimetric polyaniline nanoprobes synthesized by a solvent-shift process (2013)

We have synthesized water-stable polyaniline nanoparticles coated with triarmed polyethylene glycol chains using a solvent-shift method and confirmed their colloidal size and aqueous solubility. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the polyaniline nanoparticles can be doped with biological dopants to produce distinct color changes allowing the detection of live cancer cells.
On the performance of multiuser MIMO systems in Beyond 3G: beamforming, feedback and scheduling (2005)

several multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques have been proposed and in progress of performance evaluation for comparison. Most MIMO candidates in HSDPA have been generally designed based on a point-to-point communication, which means that a single-user capacity is of major concern. However, multiple users and user scheduling need to be considered for wireless packet transmission in beyond 3G, so as to maximize system throughput. In this paper we propose the multiuser MIMO scheme with the effective user scheduling technique in both space and time domains accompanying three main features, which are the spatial-beamforming, uplink feedback signaling, and user scheduling. We also investigate the impact of feedback signaling. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has higher user diversity gain than other MIMO candidates in terms of ergodic capacity.
IN VIVO TENSION SUSTAINED BY FASCIAL SLING IN PUBOVAGINAL SLING SURGERY FOR FEMALE STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE (2005)

In the horizontal and mild tilting positions during an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, the fascial sling only sustains minor tension, which is far less than the maximal load needed to break fascial strips. The excellent elasticity of the fascia may dissipate the straining force and partly explains the measured small sustained tension.
Field Polymer Stability Studies (1975)

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc. Abstract This paper presents the highlights of the results obtained from a field test designed to study shear degradation of polyacrylamide polymers. Recently, most major research polymers. Recently, most major research laboratories have been studying shear degradation in the laboratory; however, no extensive field testing has been reposed. The field test consisted of injecting Pusher 700 into a well at four different rates Pusher 700 into a well at four different rates and back producing the polymer fluid. Laboratory measurements were made on location to determine polymer quality. These measurements were made in an oxygen-free environment in order to minimize chemical degradation of the polymer. Both surface and bottom hole sampling techniques were employed. Fluid samples were bottled under controlled conditions and brought back to our research laboratory for core flood experiments. Fluid entry profiling of the well was done before, during, and after polymer injection; and pressure transient tests were; conducted to pressure transient tests were; conducted to determine in situ polymer effectiveness. These tests indicated that the combined effect of shear degradation and calcium ion contamination due to anhydrite dissolution could reduce polymer effectiveness to an economically unattractive level. Introduction The influence of mechanical or shear degradation on the effectiveness of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides as mobility control agents has been receiving considerable attenbon. One of the earliest papers indicative of the importance of this involved the use of these polymers to control water production in oil polymers to control water production in oil wells. More recent studies have involved laboratory experiments designed to predict the degree of mobility control loss to be expected during the injection of polymers into a porous medium.
Sulfur-Based Lithium-Organic Electrolyte Secondary Batteries. (1975)

Abstract : The overall aim of this program was the development of a rechargeable lithium battery utilizing an organic solvent. Specifications included operation over the range -40 to +160 F (-40 to +70 C), energy density approaching 100 Whr/lb, a cycle-life in excess of 500, and high charge retention. A system meeting all these specifications would represent a considerable advance in the state of the art. An analysis of possible alternatives suggested the likelihood of developing such batteries with positive electrodes based on sulfur. Two general classes are promising: soluble sulfur positives, and positives based on higher sulfides of transition metals, particularly on sulfur-rich compounds of titanium, niobium and vanadium. Initially, both systems were investigated. Then, since only one of the two approaches towards sulfur based cathodes could be continued within the scope of this investigation, it was decided to concentrate on the transition metal sulfides as they have more immediate prospects for practical use.
Trends in local wireless networks (1995)

Pahlavan (1985) published an article entitled "Wireless office information networks". That article examined spread spectrum, standard radio and infrared (IR) technologies for intra-office wireless networking. In May of that year the FCC released the ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) bands for spread spectrum local communications. Although ISM bands are not restricted to any specific application, wireless local area networks (LANs) were one of the most prominent applications that were envisioned by the rule makers in the FCC. Since 1985, many small start-up companies, as well as small groups in larger companies, have started to develop wireless LANs. The present paper provides a sequel to Pahlavan by providing an overview of the past and present of the wireless LAN industry, as well as a perspective of the future directions that encompass a vision for a ubiquitous local wireless computing environment that leads to a fusion of communications and computation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance verification of saturated IPM bearingless motors considering magnetic pull variation (2016)

Interior permanent magnet (IPM) bearingless motors are becoming a good choice for high-speed applications. In these motors, reducing the thickness of the PM leads to the increase of the radial forces which affects the demagnetizing fields. Various types of PM motors have so far been recommended for enhancement of the radial forces and torque. In the proposed IPM motor the d-axis flux-linkage and the q-axis torque component are raised due to the armature reaction and this saturates the stator teeth. In addition, the magnetic attraction force generated by displacement force depends on the armature reaction. The mathematical model of IPM bearingless motor based on the dq transformation, considering saturation effect, is given. The model can be used to protect dynamic behavior of the IPM bearingless motors. On the other hand, this paper simulates a controller for a saturated IPM bearingless motor, in which the influence of armature reaction on the magnetic attraction force has been taken into account. The performances of the motor are simulated using SIMULINK and MATLAB softwares. Finally, simulations of the dynamic behaviors of a motor with controller are presented and compared with measured result and there exists a good agreement between them.
Inception Single Shot MultiBox Detector for object detection (2017)

In the current object detection field, one of the fastest algorithms is the Single Shot Multi-Box Detector (SSD), which uses a single convolutional neural network to detect the object in an image. Although SSD is fast, there is a big gap compared with the state-of-the-art on mAP. In this paper, we propose a method to improve SSD algorithm to increase its classification accuracy without affecting its speed. We adopt the Inception block to replace the extra layers in SSD, and call this method Inception SSD (I-SSD). The proposed network can catch more information without increasing the complexity. In addition, we use the batch-normalization (BN) and the residual structure in our I-SSD network architecture. Besides, we propose an improved non-maximum suppression method to overcome its deficiency on the expression ability of the model. The proposed I-SSD algorithm achieves 78.6% mAP on the Pascal VOC2007 test, which outperforms SSD algorithm while maintaining its time performance. We also construct an Outdoor Object Detection (OOD) dataset to testify the effectiveness of the proposed I-SSD on the platform of unmanned vehicles.
Altered protease expression by periarterial trophoblast cells in severe early-onset preeclampsia with IUGR (2006)

Adaptation of uteroplacental arteries in patients with early-onset preeclampsia combined with IUGR is compromised due to insufficient invasion of extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT) into the spiral artery wall. The underlying molecular mechanisms are widely unknown. We investigated expression and possible mechanisms of regulation of different matrix-metalloproteases (MMPs) by EVT in placental bed biopsies from patients with early onset preeclampsia combined with IUGR and healthy pregnant women. Expression of MMP-3 and MMP-7 by EVT was markedly reduced in preeclamptic patients, especially close to spiral arteries. In contrast to healthy pregnancies these cells strongly expressed the receptor for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). LIF is known to suppress MMP-expression and is produced by uterine natural killer (uNK) cells which we found to be present in higher concentrations in the placental bed of preeclamptic patients, and accumulating aside the spiral arteries. We speculate that in preeclampsia a maternal immune cell network accumulating and interfering in the placental bed leads to an altered cytokine environment, resulting in disturbed trophoblast cell function such as impaired MMP expression and reduced invasiveness.
Platelet Storage Lesion in Second‐Generation Containers: Correlation with Platelet ATP Levels (1987)

The nature of platelet lesion occurring with storage of platelet concentrates (PC) in second-generation containers was investigated using various storage media and storage periods up to 14 days. In CPD-plasma (control medium), the changes which occurred progressively during storage were loss of discoid shape, microscopic platelet aggregate formation, fragmentation and the appearance of disintegrated, 'balloon' forms. By day 14 less than 10% of the platelets were discoid in shape, the platelet count had decreased by 23%, and there was a 5-fold increase in the amount of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma. Associated with this was a decrease in the platelet oxygen consumption rate, D(O2), loss of cellular ATP and extent of ADP-induced shape change, and a decrease in the hypotonic shock response. These parameters decreased at a similar rate, with a 50% decrease (t1/2) at days 7-9. They correlated highly with each other during storage and also with a fall in pH. At day 14 of storage, mean pH was 6.1 +/- 0.3. To evaluate the effect of pH stabilization during storage, 4 mEq sodium bicarbonate was added to PC in CPD-plasma. Although pH maintenance was much improved, 7.2-6.6 during 14 days of storage, the same in vitro lesions developed, although more slowly. The t1/2 of the same parameters was prolonged for approximately two days. When PC were stored in a plasma-free physiologic salt solution whose salt composition was similar to CPD-plasma, the t1/2 of the parameters increased to 11-15 days of storage, although the platelets eventually developed the same in vitro lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
<title>Effects of surface modification on placement and adhesion of NG108-15 cells</title> (2000)

A graded height flow cell was used to measure the adhesion properties of the neural cell line of neuroblastoma X glioma (NG108-15) cells cultured on substrates of organosilane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The SAMs tested in this study were 13F, 15F, PEG 550, OTS, DETA and APTS. Utilizing deep UV lithography, patterning of the SAMs create three regions for cell attachment; the original SAM, the backfilled SAM, and the interface between the two. Upon plating, the cell soma show no preference for any of the three regions. One exception was on PEG 550, which was found to resist cell adhesion upon normal plating conditions. The cell processes of the NG108-15 cells show a preference for growth at the interface between two patterned surfaces. A factor of three increase in adhesion properties was found for the patterned surface over an uncoated glass surface. Design rules of a single whole cell biosensor using theNG108-15 cells can be developed based on these findings.