gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optically-aligned visible/near-infrared dual-band photodetector materials and devices on GaAs using metamorphic epitaxy (2011)

A monolithic, epitaxially-integrated, vertically-aligned, multi-band photodetector architecture has been demonstrated via the successful growth and fabrication of metamorphic back-to-back n-i-p/p-i-n In0.61Ga0.39P/In0.14Ga0.86As visible/near-IR dual-detector devices. The back-to-back diode design enables simultaneous and independent operation of detectors in both bands with low optical cross talk (&lt;−10 dB outside the 690–720 nm range) and complete electrical isolation between the sub-detectors. The high electronic quality of the resultant metamorphic materials was confirmed via deep level transient spectroscopy, which revealed total trap concentrations of 5 × 1012 cm−3 for the In0.14Ga0.86As and 2 × 1014 cm−3 for the In0.61Ga0.39P sub-detectors, enabling low, room temperature reverse bias (−2 V) dark current densities of 4 × 10−8 A cm−2 and 7 × 10−12 A cm−2, respectively. High responsivity and specific detectivity values, at a working bias of −2 V, were measured: 0.41 A/W and 8.6 × 1011 cm Hz1/2/W for the In0.14Ga0.86As sub-detectors (at 980 nm), and 0.30 A/W and 2.0 × 1014 cm Hz1/2/W for the In0.61Ga0.39P sub-detectors (at 680 nm). The successful integration of high-quality lattice-mismatched materials, combined with the excellent sub-detector performances, demonstrate the potential for extending such a multi-band photodetector technology to achieve simultaneous detection of a wide range of wavelength bands with tunable cut-off wavelengths.
The Decorative PixMosaics: Using Directional Photo Tiles (2005)

This paper introduces a new kind of mosaic, called the Decorative PixMosaic, where photo tiles of square shapes are used to compose the final image. We can express the resulting image with a similar color distribution of input images from small photo tiles. Based on an input image, user-selected edge features and a wide range of photo tiles, the method can both reproduce the image’s textures and emphasize the selected edges by placing tiles that follow the edges. The voronoi site is situated in the center point of the tile using the Centroidal Voronoi Diagram for equally maintaining the distance among the tiles. To express the edges using tiles on the voronoi site as the center point, tiles do not cross image edges and are drawn up as following edge’s direction. We use a distribution photo with similar color selected from the photo database. It is important to search for a visually similar photo. Hence we must have a large number of photo tiles.
Managing Capacity and Flow at Theme Parks (1997)

The growth of service industries and their impact on the U.S. economy have attracted considerable attention in recent years. While some service sectors, most notably airline and telecommunication industries, have been in the forefront of model development, the industry is rather fragmented, and similar rigor is lacking in most other sectors. This paper describes an application of a model-based approach to some of the short-term ride capacity and visitor flow issues faced by the Six Flags Magic Mountain (SFMM), a major national theme park. Specifically, we consider daily operations at the theme park and focus on the generation and evaluation of alternative strategies for managing ride capacities and visitor flow. Management of demand involves two aspects: (a) understanding customer preferences as revealed by routing behavior, and (b) using the model to evaluate the implications of changes in transition-behavior. A crucial component of the study relates to the empirical data collected. Besides verifying the validity of the models, these data provide several insights for developing schemes to manage the day-to-day operations of the park. The SFMM management was actively involved in various phases of this study and as a result has been introducing the proposed models in a phased manner.
Molecular Profiling of Endometrial Malignancies (2010)

Molecular profiling of endometrial neoplasms reveals genetic changes in endometrial carcinomas that support the dualistic model, in which type I carcinomas are estrogen-dependent, low grade lesions and type II carcinomas are nonestrogen dependent and high grade. The molecular changes in type I endometrial carcinomas include mutations in PTEN, PIK3CA, KRAS, and beta-catenin, along with microsatellite instability, whereas type II endometrial carcinomas are characterized by genetic alterations in p53, HER2/neu, p16, and E-cadherin. For endometrial neoplasms with a malignant mesenchymal component, C-MYC mutations and loss of heterozygosity are frequently seen in carcinosarcomas, and a fusion gene, JAZF1/JJAZ1, is distinctive for endometrial stromal sarcoma. In addition, p53 mutations may play an important role in tumorigenesis of undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma. These molecular changes can help in the diagnosis of endometrial neoplasms, as well as form the basis of molecular targeted therapy.
Effects of Phosphorus on Microstructure and Fluidity of Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni Lead-Free Solder (2008)

Phosphorus is often added to wave-solder baths as an anti-oxidation agent. Despite this practice, there is little information on how phosphorus influences the solidification and flow properties of new lead-free solders such as Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni. This paper investigates the effects of phosphorus content on microstructure and maximum fluidity length in Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni-xP alloys containing 0–0.08 mass% phosphorous. Ppm levels of phosphorous are found to cause Sn-xP, Ni-xP-(Sn) and Cu-xP-(Sn) intermetallic compounds to form in the liquid solder. The IMCs are less dense than liquid Sn and float towards the surface of the melt driven by buoyancy. It is shown that P-free Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni solidifies with a near-eutectic microstructure whereas, when P is added to this alloy, a significant volume fraction of primary Sn dendrites form once the P content exceeds ∼0.01 mass% P. It is further shown that P additions decrease the ability of Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni to flow as it solidifies.
Liver-Specific Functional Studies in a Microfluidic Array of Primary Mammalian Hepatocytes (2006)

Nearly half a billion dollars in resources are lost each time a drug candidate is withdrawn from the market by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for reasons of liver toxicity. The number of late-phase drug developmental failures due to liver toxicity could potentially be reduced through the use of hepatocyte-based systems capable of modeling the response of in vivo liver tissue to toxic insults. With this article, we report progress toward the goal of realizing an array of primary hepatocytes for use in high-throughput liver toxicity studies. Described herein is the development of a 64 (8 x 8) element array of microfluidic wells capable of supporting micropatterned primary rat hepatocytes in coculture with 3T3-J2 fibroblasts. Each of the wells within the array was continuously perfused with medium and oxygen in a nonaddressable format. The key features of the system design and fabrication are described, including the use of two microfluidic perfusion networks to provide the coculture with an independent and continuous supply of cell culture medium and oxygen. Also described are the fabrication techniques used to selectively pattern hepatocytes and 3T3-J2 fibroblasts within the wells of the array. The functional studies used to demonstrate the synthetic and metabolic capacity of the array are outlined in this article. These studies demonstrate that the hepatocytes contained within the array are capable of continuous, steady-state albumin synthesis (78.4 microg/day, sigma = 3.98 microg/day, N = 8) and urea production (109.8 microg/day, sigma = 11.9 microg/day, N = 8). In the final section of the article, these results are discussed as they relate to the final goal of this research effort, the development of an array of primary hepatocytes for use in physiologically relevant toxicology studies.
High-efficiency retarding-potential Mott polarization analyzer (1994)

A compact retarding-potential Mott polarimeter is described that employs a thorium target. When operating at an electron accelerating voltage of 25 kV, the instrument provides effective asymmetry (Sherman) functions Seff between −0.15 and −0.25, the exact value being determined by the inelastic energy loss window selected. The corresponding scattering efficiencies I/I0 are in the range ∼6–2×10−3 resulting in optimized efficiencies η (≡S2effI/I0) of ∼1.6×10−4. These efficiencies are much larger than have been obtained previously with similar analyzers. The instrument is simple to construct, is stable in operation, and has a large electron-optical acceptance, estimated to be ∼104 mm2 sr eV. It is fully UHV compatible and is suitable for application in a wide range of spin-dependent studies.
A cytotoxic nonstructural protein, NS1, of human parvovirus B19 induces activation of interleukin-6 gene expression (1996)

We examined the biological function of a nonstructural regulatory protein, NS1, of human parvovirus B19. Because of the cytotoxic activity of NS1, human hematopoietic cell lines, K562, Raji, and THP-1, were established as transfectants which produce the viral NS1 protein upon induction by using bacterial lactose repressor/operator system. NS1 was significantly produced in the three transfectant cells in an inducer dose- and time-dependent manner. Surprisingly, these three transfectants secreted an inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), in response to induction. However, no production of other related cytokines, IL-1beta, IL-8, or tumor necrosis factor alpha, was seen. Moreover, NS1-primed IL-6 induction was transiently demonstrated in primary human endothelial cells. Analysis with luciferase reporter plasmids carrying IL-6 promoter mutant fragments demonstrated that NS1 effect is mediated by a NF-kappaB binding site in the IL-6 promoter region, strongly implying that NS1 functions as a trans-acting transcriptional activator on the IL-6 promoter. Our novel finding, IL-6 induction by NS1, supports the possible relationship between parvovirus B19 infection and polyclonal activation of B cells in rheumatoid arthritis and indicates that NS1 protein may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of some B19-associated diseases by modulating the expression of host cellular genes.
A note on 𝑘-jet ampleness on surfaces (1999)

We prove Reider type criterions for k-jet spannedness and k-jet ampleness of adjoint bundles for surfaces with at most rational singularities. Moreover, we prove that on smooth surfaces [n(n+4)/4]-very ampleness implies n-jet ampleness.
[Levels of serum G-CSF and supplement of GM-CSF in rats sustaining delayed resuscitation after major burn]. (1997)

Decrease in G-CSF production plays a role in developing fatal wound infection after severe burn shock; supplement of GM-CSF is beneficial in improving survival.
Elements of lentiviral vector design toward gene therapy for treating mucopolysaccharidosis I (2016)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal disease caused by α-l-iduronidase (IDUA) deficiency and accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Lentiviral vector encoding correct IDUA cDNA could be used for treating MPS I. To optimize the lentiviral vector design, 9 constructs were designed by combinations of various promoters, enhancers, and codon optimization. After in vitro transfection into 293FT cells, 5 constructs achieved the highest IDUA activities (5613 to 7358 nmol/h/mg protein). These 5 candidate vectors were then tested by injection (1 × 10(7) TU/g) into neonatal MPS I mice. After 30 days, one vector, CCEoIDW, achieved the highest IDUA levels: 2.6% of wildtype levels in the brain, 9.9% in the heart, 200% in the liver and 257% in the spleen. CCEoIDW achieved the most significant GAG reduction: down 49% in the brain, 98% in the heart, 100% in the liver and 95% in the spleen. Further, CCEoIDW had the lowest transgene frequency, especially in the gonads (0.03 ± 0.01 copies/100 cells), reducing the risk of insertional mutagenesis and germ-line transmission. Therefore, CCEoIDW is selected as the optimal lentiviral vector for treating MPS I disease and will be applied in large animal preclinical studies. Further, taken both in vitro and in vivo comparisons together, codon optimization, use of EF-1α promoter and woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional response element (WPRE) could enhance transgene expression. These results provided a better understanding of factors contributing efficient transgene expression in lentiviral gene therapies.
Validation of Advanced Steam Turbine Technology: A Case Study of an Ultra Super Critical Steam Turbine Power Plant (2011)

High efficiency and flexible operation continue to be the major requirements for power generation because of the benefits of reduced emissions and reduced fuel consumption, i.e. reduced operating costs. Ultra super critical (USC) steam parameters are the basis for state of the art technology of coal fired power plants with highest efficiency. An important part of the development process for advanced steam turbines is product validation. This step involves more than just providing evidence of customer guaranteed values (e.g. heat rate or electric output). It also involves proving that the design targets have been achieved and that the operational experience is fed back to designers to further develop the design criteria and enable the next step in the development of highly sophisticated products. What makes product validation for large size power plant steam turbines especially challenging is the fact that, due to the high costs of the required infrastructure, steam turbine manufacturers usually do not have a full scope / full scale testing facility. Therefore, good customer relations are the key to successful validation. This paper describes an extensive validation program for a modern state of the art ultra supercritical steam turbine performed at an operating 1000 MW steam power plant in China. Several measuring points in addition to the standard operating measurements were installed at one of the high pressure turbines to record the temperature distribution, e.g. to verify the functionality of the internal cooling system, which is an advanced design feature of the installed modern high pressure steam turbines. Predicted 3D temperature distributions are compared to the actual measurements in order to verify and evaluate the design rules and the design philosophy applied. Conclusions are drawn regarding the performance of modern 3D design tools applied in the current design process and an outlook is given on the future potential of modern USC turbines.
Chemische Untersuchungen der Inhaltsstoffe von Hypolepis punctata (Thunb.) Mett. (1976)

Aus den oberirdischen Teilen von Hypolepis punctata (THUNB.) METT. wurden neben 3 (S)-Pterosid D (V), 3 (S)-(VI) sowie 3 (R)-Pterosin D (VII) zwei neue Indan-1-on-Glukoside, d. h., 2 (R), 3 (R)-Pterosin L-2'-O-β-D-Glukosid (I) und 2 (S), 3 (R)-Pterosin L-2'-O-β-D-Glukosid (III) isoliert ; ihre Strukturen wurden aufgeklart. Durch eine Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie-Analyse lasst sich das Vorhandensein von Pterosin K (VIII) nachweisen.
Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Nanoporous Titania Templates (2007)

This work reports the synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on nanoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) templates. TiO2 nanotubular templates for MWCNTs are produced by anodization of titanium followed by pulsed electrodeposition (PED) of cobalt inside the TiO2 nanotubes. Cobalt acts as a catalyst for the growth of MWCNTs using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. The cobalt catalyst initiates the growth of well graphitized MWCNTs inside the titania pores as well as beyond the titania pores. These materials have been characterized by SEM, EDS, GXRD, XPS, TEM, and ED techniques. The MWCNTs were about 10 mu in length and 80-120 nm in diameter.
The changing epidemiology of lung cancer with a focus on screening (2009)

#### Summary points

Lung cancer is a global public health problem of epidemic proportions, and the number of people affected is expected to grow in the near future. Worldwide, in 2002 more than 1.3 million people were newly diagnosed with lung cancer.1 It is the leading global cause of death from cancer, and it accounts for 18% of all deaths from cancer and more than one million deaths a year since as far back as 1993.2 3 Lung cancer is the 10th leading overall cause of death, and it is expected to move to fifth place as its incidence rises in developing countries. Lung cancer is a disease that seems to fit the profile for a successful screening programme. However, developing an efficacious screening test that meets the established criteria for screening has proved elusive, despite evidence from many screening trials, and screening remains controversial. This review aims to shed light on the questions surrounding screening for lung cancer.

Active cigarette smoking is the main cause—it accounts for 85-90% of all lung cancers.2 w1-w5 In addition, exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke; pipe and cigar smoking; occupational exposure to agents such as asbestos, nickel, chromium, and arsenic; exposure to radiation, including radon gas in homes; and exposure to air pollution are all established …
RF MEMS Satellite Switch Matrices (2011)

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology has the potential of replacing many of the radio frequency (RF) components used in to day's satellite communication systems. In many cases, such RF MEMS components would not only substantially reduce size, weight, and power consumption, but also promise superior performance when compared to that of current technologies. The benefits of MEMS technology be come more pronounced for switch matrices because there is a large number of switching elements and, therefore, any size and mass reduction would have large overall impact. Though there has been some controversy on the reliability and lifetime of RF MEMS switches, significant improvements have been made and RF switches with billions of switching cycles have been demonstrated. This article describes the potential applications of RF MEMS switch matrices in the satellite industry, where mass reduction and performance improvement is crucial.
Subcortical mechanisms in emotional behavior: affective changes following septal forebrain lesions in the albino rat. (1953)

During the past two decades numerous investigators have been concerned with the role of subcortical mechanisms in emotional behavior. Durable changes in affective behavior have been described for animal preparations with transection of the brain stem at the intercollicular level (Sherringtonian decerebra-tion), neocortical ablation, lesions of the hypothalamus, lesions of the amygdaloid complex, and lesions in various parts of the thalamus (4, 11). Surprisingly little attention has been paid, however, to the behavioral effects of lesions in the septum.
Differential and Common Leukemogenic Potentials of Multiple <i>NUP98-Hox</i> Fusion Proteins Alone or with Meis1 (2004)

NUP98-Hox fusion genes are newly identified oncogenes isolated in myeloid leukemias. Intriguingly, only Abd-B Hox genes have been reported as fusion partners, indicating that they may have unique overlapping leukemogenic properties. To address this hypothesis, we engineered novel NUP98 fusions with Hox genes not previously identified as fusion partners: the Abd-B-like gene HOXA10 and two Antennepedia-like genes, HOXB3 and HOXB4. Notably, NUP98-HOXA10 and NUP98-HOXB3 but not NUP98-HOXB4 induced leukemia in a murine transplant model, which is consistent with the reported leukemogenic potential ability of HOXA10 and HOXB3 but not HOXB4. Thus, the ability of Hox genes to induce leukemia as NUP98 fusion partners, although apparently redundant for Abd-B-like activity, is not restricted to this group, but rather is determined by the intrinsic leukemogenic potential of the Hox partner. We also show that the potent leukemogenic activity of Abd-B-like Hox genes is correlated with their strong ability to block hematopoietic differentiation. Conversely, coexpression of the Hox cofactor Meis1 alleviated the requirement of a strong intrinsic Hox-transforming potential to induce leukemia. Our results support a model in which many if not all Hox genes can be leukemogenic and point to striking functional overlap not previously appreciated, presumably reflecting common regulated pathways.
Structure and Catalytic Mechanism of Secretory Phospholipases A2 (1994)

This chapter focuses on the aspects of phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) structure that are of particular relevance to catalysis. A formal reaction pathway based largely on high-resolution structure analysis of crystalline complexes of secretory phospholipids (sPLA2s) with a transition-state analog is proposed. This mechanism that is consistent with the available biochemical and genetic data, implies a highly specific interaction between the calcium cofactor, the glycerophospholipid substrate, and the active site residues. Conserved water molecules, associated with either the catalytic histidine or the primary calcium ion, are essential participants in the proposed chemistry. Catalysis by sPLA2s is conceptually divided into three phases: (1) general base-mediated attack on productively bound substrate, (2) formation and collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate, and (3) product release. Although the catalytic activity of sPLA2s is generally unaffected by small perturbations in phospholipid structure, activity on substrate aggregates is characteristically orders of magnitude higher than that displayed toward dispersed lipids. Secretory PLA2s can be divided into three classes based on sequence criteria. The highly homologous class I, class II, and class III enzymes. The chapter concludes with a discussion of catalysis at an interface, “hopping” or “scooting,” and the interfacial absorption surface. This insightful contribution provides a paradigm for the mechanism of phospholipase activity.
Data abstraction : the object-oriented approach using C++ (1994)

Part 1: the fundamentals introduction data abstraction and object-oriented programming fundamental ideas and the class hierarchy the collection and magnitude classes using the fundamental structures. Part 2: the implementations lists and linear structures more linear structures arrays as objects tree as nodes and arcs recursive structures and other advanced ideas the most important magnitude classes more collections. Part 3: the applications program translation program verification database normalization appendix.