gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumonoic Acids, Novel Metabolites from a Cyanobacterial Assemblage of <i>Lyngbya majuscula</i> and <i>Schizothrix calcicola</i> (1999)

Five new metabolites have been isolated from a lyngbyastatin 1- and dolastatin 12-producing assemblage of Lyngbya majuscula and Schizothrix calcicola collected at Tumon Bay, Guam. Structure elucidation employed 2D NMR techniques and chemical derivatization. These compounds have been assigned the trivial names tumonoic acids A (2), B (1), and C (5); methyl tumonoate A (3), and methyl tumonoate B (4). Compounds 1 and 4 were also found in a lyngbyastatin 1-producing strain of L. majuscula from Guam.
Adsorption Mechanism of Arsenic on Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide (2006)

Arsenate [As(V)] and arsenite [As(III)] interactions at the solid-water interface of nanocrystalline TiO2 were investigated using electrophoretic mobility (EM) measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, and surface complexation modeling. The adsorption of As(V) and As(III) decreased the point of zero charge of TiO2 from 5.8 to 5.2, suggesting the formation of negatively charged inner-sphere surface complexes for both arsenic species. The EXAFS analyses indicate that both As(V) and As(III) form bidentate binuclear surface complexes as evidenced by an average Ti-As(V) bond distance of 3.30 A and Ti-As(III) bond distance of 3.35 A. The FTIR bands caused by vibrations of the adsorbed arsenic species remained at the same energy levels at different pH values. Consequently, the surface complexes on TiO2 maintained the same nonprotonated speciation at pH values from 5 to 10, and the dominant surface species were (TiO)2AsO2- and (TiO)2AsO- for As(V) and As(III), respectively. The surface configurations constrained with the spectroscopic results were formulated in the diffuse layer model to describe the adsorption behavior of As in the pH range between 4 and 12. The study suggests that TiO2 is an effective adsorbent for As removal due to its high surface area and the presence of high affinity surface hydroxyl groups.
Characterization of Chemical Libraries for Luciferase Inhibitory Activity (2008)

To aid in the interpretation of high-throughput screening (HTS) results derived from luciferase-based assays, we used quantitative HTS, an approach that defines the concentration-response behavior of each library sample, to profile the ATP-dependent luciferase from Photinus pyralis against more than 70,000 samples. We found that approximately 3% of the library was active, containing only compounds with inhibitory concentration-responses, of which 681 (0.9%) exhibited IC 50 < 10 microM. Representative compounds were shown to inhibit purified P. pyralis as well as several commercial luciferase-based detection reagents but were found to be largely inactive against Renilla reniformis luciferase. Light attenuation by the samples was also examined and found to be more prominent in the blue-shifted bioluminescence produced by R. reniformis luciferase than in the bioluminescence produced by P. pyralis luciferase. We describe the structure-activity relationship of the luciferase inhibitors and discuss the use of this data in the interpretation of HTS results and configuration of luciferase-based assays.
Approach to breast cancer early detection via tracking of secondary speckle patterns reflected from the skin with artificial intradermal impurity (2017)

Breast cancer has become a major cause of death among women. The lifetime risk of a woman developing this disease has been established as one in eight. The most useful way to reduce breast cancer death is to treat the disease as early as possible. The existing methods of early diagnostics of breast cancer are mainly based on screening mammography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) periodically conducted at medical facilities. In this paper the authors proposing a new approach for simple breast cancer detection. It is based on skin stimulation by sound waves, illuminating it by laser beam and tracking the reflected secondary speckle patterns. As first approach, plastic balls of different sizes were placed under the skin of chicken breast and detected by the proposed method.
A mixed-mode single-chip motor-drive-specific microcontroller with a 12-bit 125/KS/s ADC (2002)

A mixed-mode single-chip motor-driver-specific 32-bit microcontroller was designed and implemented by using a 0.6 /spl mu/m triple-metal CMOS process. The microcontroller chip includes the SPARC-V7 processor as the main CPU, a single-precision floating-point unit, a memory controller, and all the peripheral devices for an AC induction motor drive, including a 12-bit 125 KS/s ADC. The ADC uses a successive approximation algorithm and a folded-array resistor-string DAC to enhance noise immunity and monotonicity. The chip size is 12.1/spl times/11.7 mm/sup 2/, the number of transistors used is around 882,000, and the power consumption is 2.6 W at a supply voltage of 5 V and a clock frequency of 33.3 MHz. The substrate current picked up by a guard ring surrounding the ADC block was measured at different clock frequencies of digital circuits. The correlation between SFDR of ADC and the substrate noise current was demonstrated.
INVESTIGATION OF SUSPECTED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY OUTBREAK IN DECHENTSEMO CENTRAL SCHOOL, THINLEYGANG, PUNAKHA (2016)

Background: A suspected peripheral neuropathy outbreak was reported from Dechentsemo Central School, Thinleygang, Punakha, following which the investigation team was immediately dispatched in the field.Objective: The aim of investigation was to ascertain the cause and risk factor for the outbreak in order to implement control measures.Methods: A case control study was devised for the investigation to study about the past exposure or deficiencies in order to find out the suspected cause and risk factors. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered to both cases and controls to collect information on the type of food they have consumed. The information garnered was analyzed using Chi-Square or Fischer Exact test for categorical variables and Man-Whitney U-test for quantitative variables. Results: All 17 cases were females with mean age of 13 years (SD 2.7 years). The average daily amount of thiamine intake was 0.6 mg/day for case and 0.8 mg/day for controls against the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of 1.2 mg/day. Case and control patients differed significantly with respect to fat intake (p-value = 0.02), more strongly with folate and iron intake (p-value 0.01).Conclusion: The outbreak of peripheral neuropathy in Dechentsemo Central School appears to be linked to reduced dietary intake rich in vitamin B1 coupled with low intake of folate and iron in their diet.
A Mild and Reliable Method to Label Enveloped Virus with Quantum Dots by Copper-Free Click Chemistry (2012)

Real-time tracking of the dynamic process of virus invasion is crucial to understanding the infection mechanism. For successful tracking, efficient labeling methods are indispensable. In this paper, we report a mild and reliable method for labeling viruses, especially with regard to easily disabled enveloped viruses. The copper-free click chemistry has been used to label enveloped viruses with quantum dots (QDs) by linking virions modified with azide to the QDs derived with dibenzocyclooctynes (DBCO). Both vaccinia virus (VACV) and avian influenza A virus (H9N2) can be specifically and rapidly labeled under mild conditions, with a labeling efficiency of more than 80%. The labeled virions were of intact infectivity, and their fluorescence was strong enough to realize single-virion tracking. Compared to previously reported methods, our method is less destructive, reliable, and universal, without specific requirements for the type and structure of viruses to be labeled, which has laid the foundation for long-term dynamic visualization of virus infection process.
Error Correction in the L2 Writing Classroom: What Do Students Think? (2005)

Error correction research has focused mostly on teachers' strategies and their effects on student writing. Much less has been done to find out about students' beliefs and attitudes about teachers' feedback on errors. This study aimed to investigate L2 students' perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes about error correction in the writing classroom. Data were obtained from a questionnaire and from follow-up interviews. The findings showed that most students wished their teachers to mark and correct errors for them and believed that error correction was primarily the teacher's responsibility. The article ends with some pedagogical implications that can be applied in L2 writing classrooms.
Object technology in the extended enterprise (2002)

Object Technology (OT) has been a part of IS application development strategies for over twenty years. With commercial availability of Smalltalk and C++, and the evolution of OT analysis and design methodologies together with their support in the form of CASE tools, OT has been incorporated into software development processes with greater benefits experienced as a function of its more pragmatic application. The business environment in which OT has matured has evolved significantly since the 1970's. Businesses typically operated monolithically and self-contained with their own purchasing, accounting, and human resource groups (among others), and centralized corporate IS groups that served as architects, implementers, and maintainers of customized mission critical software systems. IS groups effectively comprised closed software development organizations that totally controlled software systems core to corporate business. OT was used in this type of closed organization principally to implement custom business applications. Given the changes in the evolving business environment it is beneficial to re-examine Object Technology as it may apply to the extended enterprise.
Structure and stereochemistry of novel endoperoxides isolated from the sensitized photooxidation of methyl linoleate. Implications for prostaglandin biosynthesis (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and stereochemistry of novel endoperoxides isolated from the sensitized photooxidation of methyl linoleate. Implications for prostaglandin biosynthesisEdward D. MihelichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 23, 7141–7143Publication Date (Print):November 5, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 5 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00543a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00543a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of asparagine-linked glycosylation by incorporation of a threonine analog into nascent peptide chains. (1980)

The importance of threonine in the Asn-X-Thr recognition sequence for asparagine-linked glycosylation was tested by examining the effect of a threonine analog, beta-hydroxynorvaline, on co-translational glycosylation in Krebs' II ascites tumor lysates. beta-Hydroxynorvaline inhibited the glycosylation of the alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin and the beta subunit of bovine luteinizing hormone; both proteins contain Asn-X-Thr recognition sites. The effect was prevented by threonine, indicating that beta-hydroxynorvaline acted via its incorporation into protein. These results provide direct evidence for the role of threonine in Asn-X-Thr sites for asparagine-linked glycosylation. The results support the view that this site is sensitive to steric hindrance.
Near-zero speed performance enhancement of PM synchronous machines assisted by low-cost Hall effect sensors (2002)

This paper presents a new control scheme for the sinusoidally operated PM synchronous machines. The control concept incorporates the mechanical motion equation into the observer for rotor position estimation. Using the low-cost Hall-effect sensors to assist a simplified observer, the proposed control algorithm guarantees the performance of the PM synchronous machine the same as that achieved by the system with an expensive optical encoder or resolver.
Equivalent conductivity of carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solutions with divalent counterions (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquivalent conductivity of carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solutions with divalent counterionsF. Bordi and C. CamettiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 13, 3034–3038Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100404a049https://doi.org/10.1021/j100404a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Very high density trench gate power MOSFET usingsimplified four-mask process (1999)

A new and simplified process for fabricating a high density n-channel trench gate power MOSFET using four mask layers and a sidewall spacer technique is proposed. Use of this process has enabled a remarkably increased high density (100 Mcell/in2) trench MOSFET with a cell pitch of 2.5 µm to be realised. Furthermore, the p-base, n+-source, and trench gate regions were formed by the same mask layer, which made it possible to reduce the number of processing steps. The fabricated device had a low specific on-resistance of 0.7 mΩcm2 with a breakdown voltage of 46 V.
Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy of Live, Intraerythrocytic Malarial Parasites. 1. Quantification of Hemozoin Development for Drug Sensitive versus Resistant Malaria (2006)

We have customized a Nipkow spinning disk confocal microscope (SDCM) to acquire three-dimensional (3D) versus time data for live, intraerythrocytic malarial parasites. Since live parasites wiggle within red blood cells, conventional laser scanning confocal microscopy produces blurred 3D images after reconstruction of z stack data. In contrast, since SDCM data sets at high x, y, and z resolution can be acquired in hundreds of milliseconds, key aspects of live parasite cellular biochemistry can be much better resolved on physiologically meaningful times scales. In this paper, we present the first 3D DIC transmittance "z stack" images of live malarial parasites and use those to quantify hemozoin (Hz) produced within the living parasite digestive vacuole, under physiologic conditions. Using live synchronized cultures and voxel analysis of sharpened DIC z stacks, we present the first quantitative in vivo analysis of the rate of Hz growth for chloroquine sensitive (CQS) versus resistant (CQR) malarial parasites. We present data for laboratory strains, as well as pfcrt transfectants expressing a CQR conferring mutant pfcrt gene. We also analyze the rate of Hz growth in the presence and absence of physiologically relevant doses of chloroquine (CQ) and verapamil (VPL) and thereby present the first in vivo quantification of key predictions from the well-known Fitch hypothesis for CQ pharmacology. In the following paper [Gligorijevic, B., et al. (2006) Biochemistry 45, pp 12411-12423], we acquire fluorescent images of live parasite DV via SDCM and use those to quantify DV volume for CQS versus CQR parasites.
A real-time model of flexible tasks for mobile robotic applications based on a behavioural architecture (2003)

The design of complex mobile vehicle applications requires the combination of timing constrained activities with deliberate components. One of the main characteristics of the design is the flexibility. The system has to be adapted to the environment conditions and take actions depending on it. This influence is focused in the ability of the system to select the appropriate activity to be executed (depending on the available time) and to change its behaviour (depending on the environment information). The main goal of the paper is to characterise a model of tasks providing the required flexibility. The model has to be powerful enough to represent the functional and timing features of mobile robotic applications based on a behavioural architecture. Behavioural models have been largely used to represent advanced robotic systems which operate in uncertain dynamic environments combining information from several sensory sources and presenting different vehicle dynamics. The paper proposes the use of flexible tasks as a way to implement deliberative components in a behaviour architecture of a robot system and allows noteworthy run-time flexibility for introducing intelligent processes. Another important aspect considered in the paper is concerned with the relationship between the amount of time required by the tasks and the quality of the results obtained.
Properties of Stone Matrix Asphalt Modified with Polyvinyl Chloride and Nano Silica (2021)

In this study, the effects of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and nano silica (NS) as modifiers on the properties of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) were studied. The experiment was performed with five modes: 1% NS was mixed into SMA; 5% PVC was mixed into SMA; and the ratio of NS was changed (1, 2, and 3%) with 5% PVC being mixed into SMA. The properties of modified and unmodified SMA materials were determined and compared by performing the penetration test, softening points test, viscosity measurements, dynamic shear rheometry, and multiple stress creep recovery under aging conditions. Moreover, the properties of the modified SMA were also determined in terms of Marshall stability, water stability, and rutting resistance. The obtained results indicate that the physical properties of SMA materials could be significantly improved by using a combination of PVC and NS as a modifier. Moreover, the SMA mixtures modified with PVC and NS exhibited high Marshall stability, good moisture damage resistance, and rutting resistance. Modified SMA mixtures with 5% PVC and 1% NS exhibited the best quality. This research has opened up a new avenue for the development of effective additives for SMA materials.
Fat accumulation with altered inflammation and regeneration in skeletal muscle of CCR2−/− mice following ischemic injury (2006)

Chemokines recruit inflammatory cells to sites of injury, but the role of the CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) during regenerative processes following ischemia is poorly understood. We studied injury, inflammation, perfusion, capillary formation, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) levels, muscle regeneration, fat accumulation, and transcription factor activation in hindlimb muscles of CCR2-/- and wild-type (WT) mice following femoral artery excision (FAE). In both groups, muscle injury and restoration of vascular perfusion were similar. Nevertheless, edema and neutrophil accumulation were significantly elevated in CCR2-/- compared with WT mice at day 1 post-FAE and fewer macrophages were present at day 3. MCP-1 levels in post-ischemic calf muscle of CCR2-/- animals were significantly elevated over baseline through 14 days post-FAE and were higher than WT mice at days 1, 7, and 14. In addition, CCR2-/- mice exhibited impaired muscle regeneration, decreased muscle fiber size, and increased intermuscular adipocytes with similar capillaries/mm(2) postinjury. Finally, the transcription factors, MyoD and signal transducers of and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3), were significantly increased above baseline but did not differ significantly between groups at any time point post-FAE. These findings suggest that increases in MCP-1, and possibly, MyoD and STAT3, may modulate molecular signaling in CCR2-/- mice during inflammatory and regenerative events. Furthermore, alterations in neutrophil and macrophage recruitment in CCR2-/- mice may critically alter the normal progression of downstream regenerative events in injured skeletal muscle and may direct myogenic precursor cells in the regenerating milieu toward an adipogenic phenotype.
Musical Works on OCLC, or, What if OCLC Were Actually to Become a Catalog? (2001)

Music catalogers and audiovisual catalogers have long had a problem with AACR2 because of its failure to deal adequately with works intended for performance. When a work intended for performance, such as an opera, is actually performed and the performance is recorded on video or film, many music catalogers consider this performance to be equivalent to a sound recording of the performance (which would be entered under the composer of the opera), while most film catalogers consider the video or film to be a work of mixed authorship to be entered under title (with the director, screenwriter, cinematographer, etc., considered to be authors of the same level of importance as the composer). This disagreement led to the creation of a task force by the Cataloging Committee: Description and Access (CC:DA) at the American Library Association and was one of the developments that caused the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR to convene the International Conference on the Principles and Future Development of AACR in Toronto in October of 1997 to discuss possible revision of the cataloging rules.
Recent Developments with Metalloprotease Inhibitor Class of Drug Candidates for Botulinum Neurotoxins (2015)

Botulinum Neurotoxins are the most poisonous of all toxins with lethal dose in nanogram quantities. They are potential biological warfare and bioterrorism agents due to their high toxicity and ease of preparation. On the other hand BoNTs are also being increasingly used for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes, and with that the chances of accidental overdose are increasing. And despite the potential damage they could cause to human health, there are no post-intoxication drugs available so far. But progress is being made in this direction. The crystal structures in native form and bound with substrate peptides have been determined, and these are enabling structure-based drug discovery possible. High throughput assays have also been designed to speed up the screening progress. Substrate-based and small molecule inhibitors have been identified. But turning high affinity inhibitors into clinically viable drug candidates has remained a challenge. We discuss here the latest developments and the future challenges in drug discovery for Botulinum neurotoxins.