gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of cell division gene ftsZ (sulB) from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (1987)

The ftsZ (sulB) gene of Escherichia coli codes for a 40,000-dalton protein that carries out a key step in the cell division pathway. The presence of an ftsZ gene protein in other bacterial species was examined by a combination of Southern blot and Western blot analyses. Southern blot analysis of genomic restriction digests revealed that many bacteria, including species from six members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, contained sequences which hybridized with an E. coli ftsZ probe. Genomic DNA from more distantly related bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, Branhamella catarrhalis, Micrococcus luteus, and Staphylococcus aureus, did not hybridize under minimally stringent conditions. Western blot analysis, with anti-E. coli FtsZ antiserum, revealed that all bacterial species examined contained a major immunoreactive band. Several of the Enterobacteriaceae were transformed with a multicopy plasmid encoding the E. coli ftsZ gene. These transformed strains, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter aerogenes, were shown to overproduce the FtsZ protein and to produce minicells. Analysis of [35S]methionine-labeled minicells revealed that the plasmid-encoded gene products were the major labeled species. This demonstrated that the E. coli ftsZ gene could function in other bacterial species to induce minicells and that these minicells could be used to analyze plasmid-endoced gene products.
The effects of neonatal thymectomy on the antitumour activity of lentinan, carboxymethylpachymaran and zymosan, and their effects on various immune responses (1973)

Abstract The mechanism of antitumour action of the polysaccharides, lentinan and carboxymethylpachymaran, was examined and compared with that of zymosan. It was revealed that (1) these polysaccharides did not show any direct cytocidal effect on tumour cells; (2) these polysaccharides had no antitumour action at all in neonatally thymectomized mice, indicating the important role of the thymus gland in tumour regression; and (3) in spite of these facts, these polysaccharides, contrary to zymosan, did not accelerate various conventional immune responses such as phagocytic activity, antibody production against heterologous antigen, increased number of peripheral lymphocytes, skin homograft rejection, and delayed hypersensitivity. This evidence suggests the presence of a complex and unknown mechanism for regression of transplanted tumour in the action of lentinan and carboxymethylpachymaran.
Metabolism of Prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub> in Guinea Pig Lung (1971)

[9β‐ 3 H]Prostaglandin F 2α was incubated with the particle free fraction of a homogenate of guinea pig lung. One less polar metabolite appeared, which was assigned thje strcuture 9α.11α‐dihydroxy‐15‐ketoprost‐5‐enoic acid. The identification was based on gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses of the trimethylsilyl ether, acetate, methoxime‐trimethlsily ether and methoxime‐acetate derivatives of the methyl ester. The position of the double bond was established by oxidative ozonolysis of the methlester and acetate followed by gas chromatogralphymass spectrometry.
Excimer Laser Stepper for Sub-half Micron Lithography (1989)

An excimer laser stepper having a flat image field was developed. Using a frequency stabilized, narrow band KrF 248nm laser (FWHM≈3μm), this stepper can print uniform patterns under 0.5 μm over a 15 mm square field. When the excimer laser output power is 2W, illumination intensity is more than 40 mW/cm2. Illumination uniformity is within ±2.5% over the field and exposure energy density is controlled within the precision of ±1.596, using an integrator sensor and a pulse number controller. A chromatic projection lens is adjusted so finely that aberrations are removed. In order to get imaging stability, a lens controller is used. An alignment system is off-axis, using He-Ne laser light spots and diffraction light detectors. By employing the EGA (Enhanced Global Alignment) method, overlay accuracy better than 0.18μm was obtained. Because the alignment detection light is insensitive to the resist, any types of resist may be used. The developed system has all the basic functions of a stepper. It can be used to improve DUV process and to fabricate sub-half micron devices in a laboratory.
How to make assured service more assured (2005)

In this paper, we study why the current assurance services (AS) architecture with profilers/markers at edge routers and with queue management mechanisms (RIO) at core routers cannot achieve throughput assurance and fairness. Based on the findings of the simulation study, we propose an enhanced version of the time sliding window (TSW) profiler, called the enhanced TSW (ETSW). We also design two enhanced versions of the RIO queue management mechanism, based on rigorous, analytical reasoning, called respectively, the (r,RTT)-adaptive algorithm and the dynamic RIO (DRIO) algorithm. To validate the proposed design, we implement the proposed mechanisms, along with the 2-window TCP scheme, the three color-marker scheme, and the CSFQ scheme in ns-2, and examine their behavior under a variety of network topologies and traffic sources. The simulation results indicate that both DRIO and (r,RTT)-adaptive algorithms, when combined with ETSW, do fulfill better throughput assurance and fairness, especially under the case that AS flows require different target rates, incur different round trip times, or co-exist with non-responsive UDP flows.
Self-recruiting species - a new approach in aquaculture. (2002)

fish, usually herbivorous or omnivorous, respond to feed and fertilisation in a predictable way and are responsible for a large proportion of the regions cultured yield. Analysis of farmer-practice, however, quickly identifies a 'silent harvest' of un-stocked animals that remain in such culture systems, find their own way in or are actively encouraged by farmers to enter at times of flood. The reality is that such 'weeds', as scientists and extensionists have typically viewed them, are valued by rural people and this has given rise to a new project funded jointly by the DFID Aquaculture and Fish Genetics and Fisheries Management Research Programmes. The project 'Self-recruiting species in aquaculturetheir role in rural livelihoods' is being implemented through by a consortium of UK and Asianbased institutions in five countries in South and Southeast Asia.
Studies on Stored Whole Blood (1970)

Blood stored at 10 C displayed no more evidence of cell destruction in vitro than did blood stored at 4 C. Agitation for one hour at weekly intervals of storage was also not obviously damaging, nor was warming blood to 22 C for up to 16 hours. Exposure to 22 C for 24 hours led to erythrocyte deterioration that was most evident when units were more than 21 days old, and agitation plus this warming increased these signs of damage. Units stored as packed cells were moderately affected by exposure to 22 C for 24 hours, and agitation reinforced this effect. Posttransfusion survival of blood warmed to 22 C for 24 hours tended to be lower than nonwarmed controls; the warmed group average was below 70 per cent survival at 28 days of storage. From these studies, the temperature variation commonly encountered in clinical blood banking (4 C to 10 C and short exposure to 22 C prior to transfusion) would not appear to contribute significantly to erythrocyte damage unless the units were in the oldest stages of storage or had been exposed to warm temperatures for longer than 24 hours. Mechanical stress had minimal adverse effect, but this became more evident when blood was stored as packed cells or when whole blood had been stored for 21 days.
Trapped Photons Induced Ultrahigh External Quantum Efficiency and Photoresponsivity in Hybrid Graphene/Metal‐Organic Framework Broadband Wearable Photodetectors (2018)

Abstract Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as attractive materials for their tunable properties, which have been utilized for diverse applications including sensors, gas storage, and drug delivery. However, the high porosity and poor electrical conductivity of MOFs restrict their optoelectronic applications. Owing to the inherent tunability, a broadband photon absorbing MOF can be designed. Combining the superior properties of the MOFs along with ultrahigh carrier mobility of graphene, for the first time, this study reports a highly sensitive, broadband, and wearable photodetector on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate. The external quantum efficiency of the hybrid photodetector is found to be >5 × 10 8 %, which exceeds all the reported values of similar devices. The porosity of the MOF and ripple structure graphene can assist the trapping of photons at the light‐harvesting layer. The device photoresponsivity is found to be >10 6 A W −1 with a response time of <150 ms, which is approximately ten times faster than the current standards of the graphene‐organic hybrid photodetectors. In addition, utilizing the excellent flexibility of the graphene layer the wearability of the devices with stretchability up to 100% is demonstrated. The unique discovery of MOF‐based high‐performance photodetectors opens up a new avenue in organic–inorganic hybrid optoelectronics.
Localized micro‐scale disruption of cells using laser‐generated focused ultrasound (2013)

We utilize laser-generated focused ultrasound (LGFU) to create targeted mechanical disturbance on a few cells. The LGFU is transmitted through an optoacoustic lens that converts laser pulses into focused ultrasound. The tight focusing (<100 µm) and high peak pressure of the LGFU produces cavitational disturbances at a localized spot with micro-jetting and secondary shock-waves arising from micro-bubble collapse. We demonstrate that LGFU can be used as a non-contact, non-ionizing, high-precision tool to selectively detach a single cell from its culture substrate. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of biomolecule delivery in a small population of cells targeted by LGFU at pressure amplitudes below and above the cavitation threshold. We experimentally confirm that cavitational disruption is required for delivery of propidium iodide, a membrane-impermeable nucleic acid-binding dye, into cells.
Implicit Compositional Simulation of Single-Porosity and Dual-Porosity Reservoirs (1989)

Abstract This paper describes an implicit numerical model for compositional simulation of single-porosity and dualporosity oil or gas condensate reservoirs. A 3-component equation-of-state compositional approach is proposed as a desirable alternative to extended black oil modelling, requiring little more computing time than the latter. The approach is illustrated for an actual near-critical volatile oil reservoir. A simple method for reducing implicit formulation time truncation error is described and illustrated. A new bottomhole constraint function is described for better preservation of production well target rates in compositional models. A new matrix-fracture transfer formulation including matrix-fracture diffusion is presented for the dual-porosity description; its accuracy is examined in connection with several test problems where correct results are available from single-porosity simulation. Results are discussed for a 3D 600-block simulation of a highly fractured near-critical volatile oil reservoir.
1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO)-catalysed hydrolysis and alcoholysis reactions of 2-amino-9-benzyl-6-chloro-9H-purine (1994)

2-Amino-9-benzyl-6-chloro-9H-purine 1 is hydrolysed in refluxing water in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) to give 2-amino-9-benzyl-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-9H-purine 3; however, 1 reacts with hydroxide ion at ambient temp., or analcohol and potassium carbonate at elevated temperatures, in the presence of DABCO togive 3 or 6-alkoxy-2-amino-9-benzyl-9H-purines 4–8, respectively.
Test structures for analyzing the mechanisms of wafer chemical contaminant removal (2003)

An electrochemical sensor (trench device) is designed to measure wafer contaminant concentrations during ultra-pure water rinses. Electrical measurements on these structures enable the identification and modeling of the mechanisms of chemical contaminant removal from patterned and unpatterned wafers, thereby facilitating the reduction of rinse time and water consumption without sacrificing overall wafer cleanliness.
Photocurrent spectroscopy of solution-grown CdS films annealed in CdCl<sub>2</sub>vapour (2004)

Thin cadmium sulfide (CdS) films (100–130 nm) are deposited on glass from an alkaline solution. The films are annealed in air, in the vicinity of a CdCl2 source, at different temperatures (280–400°C) and for different time periods (below 75 min). The change in some of the optoelectronic parameters (resistivity, direct and indirect transition energies) as a result of annealing is studied using modulated photocurrent spectroscopy. The experimental results reveal that annealing in air, in the absence of a CdCl2 source, reduces the bandgap energy of CdS by 0.12 eV due to the formation of valence-band states. Annealing in CdCl2 vapour removes the tail states and establishes the bulk bandgap (2.42 eV). It also increases the film's photoconductivity by a factor of 10 under white light illumination of intensity 100 mW cm−2, yielding a dark-to-light resistivity ratio of 3 × 104. The film's optoelectronic properties are controlled by two defect energy levels that are located at 0.14 and 1.30 eV below the conduction band edge. The increase in photoconductivity by annealing is due to the improvement of excess carrier lifetime as a result of changes in the 1.30 eV energy level.
Building re-usable dictionary repositories for real-world text mining (2010)

Text mining, though still a nascent industry, has been growing quickly along with the awareness of the importance of unstructured data in business analytics, customer retention and extension, social media, and legal applications. There has been a recent increase in the number of commercial text mining product and service offerings, but successful or wide-spread deployments are rare, mainly due to a dependence on the expertise and skill of practitioners. Accordingly, there is a growing need for re-usable repositories for text mining. In this paper, we focus on dictionary-based text mining and its role in enabling practitioners in understanding and analyzing large text datasets. We motivate and define the problem of exploratory dictionary construction for capturing concepts of interest, and propose a framework for efficient construction, tuning, and re-use of these dictionaries across datasets. The construction framework offers a range of interaction modes to the user to quickly build concept dictionaries over large datasets. We also show how to adapt one or more dictionaries across domains and tasks, thereby enabling reuse of knowledge and effort in industrial practice. We present results and case studies on real-life CRM analytics datasets, where such repositories and tooling significantly cut down practitioner time and effort for dictionary-based text mining.
Effects of Glucagonlike Peptide l-(7–36) on Release of Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin by Rat Pancreatic Islet Cell Monolayer Cultures (1989)

Glucagonlike peptide I (GLP-I-(7-36] is cleaved from proglucagon in ileal epithelial cells and increases in human plasma after nutrient ingestion. This peptide has been shown to stimulate insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo and thus potentially acts as an incretin. To characterize its action on islet cells, the release of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin by rat pancreatic islet monolayer cultures at varying concentrations of GLP-I-(7-36) was measured. The interaction of GLP-I-(7-36) with nutrient substrates was assessed by adding amino acids and differing glucose concentrations to the cultures. Islet cell cultures (n = 5) were incubated for 1 h in medium containing 1.67 or 16.7 mM glucose or 1.67 mM glucose supplemented with amino acids and GLP-I-(7-36) at 10(-13)-10(-7) M. Hormone release was compared with control cultures containing no GLP-I-(7-36); 1.67-16.7 mM glucose with and without GLP-I-(7-36) at 10(-11) M; and 1.67, 3.3, 8.3, or 11.1 mM glucose alone or supplemented with amino acids, GLP-I-(7-36) 10(-11) M, or both amino acids and GLP-I-(7-36). In medium with 1.67 or 16.7 mM glucose or 1.67 mM glucose and amino acids, GLP-I-(7-36) increased insulin secretion two- to threefold over control at concentrations of 10(-9), 10(-11), and 10(-12) M, respectively. In medium with increasing concentrations of glucose, GLP-I-(7-36) at 10(-11) M significantly increased insulin secretion at glucose concentrations greater than or equal to 3.34 mM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
STRUCTURE OF SELECTIVE LOW PRESSURE CHEMICALLY VAPOR DEPOSITED FILMS OF TUNGSTEN. (1985)

Tungsten films have been selectively deposited (i.e., deposited on Si and TaSi2 to the exclusion of SiO2) by LPCVD via the reduction of WF6 by either Si or H2. Films formed by H2 reduction can be unlimite in thickness; however, those formed by Si reduction are self-limited in thickness to about 150A. The effects of deposition parameters such as temperature and WF6 and H2 flow rates on the properties of the W films have been investigated. To prevent excessive erosion of Si in window areas, the volumetric flow ratio of H2 to WF6 must be larger than the critical value of about three. Typical films are polycrystalline with an average grain size of 2000A and exhibit a tensile film stres of about 7 X 10Z dyn/cmS. W film resistivity is found to be about 13 -cm for a 1000A film, resulting in sheet resistance of 1.3 . The W films exhibit good contact resistance to N and P Si, and are also found to be excellent diffusion barriers between Al and Si at annealing temperatures up to 450C.
Aha1 Binds to the Middle Domain of Hsp90, Contributes to Client Protein Activation, and Stimulates the ATPase Activity of the Molecular Chaperone (2003)

The ATP-dependent molecular chaperone Hsp90 is an essential and abundant stress protein in the eukaryotic cytosol that cooperates with a cohort of cofactors/cochaperones to fulfill its cellular tasks. We have identified Aha1 (activator of Hsp90 ATPase) and its relative Hch1 (high copy Hsp90 suppressor) as binding partners of Hsp90 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By using genetic and biochemical approaches, the middle domain of Hsp90 (amino acids 272-617) was found to mediate the interaction with Aha1 and Hch1. Data base searches revealed that homologues of Aha1 are conserved from yeast to man, whereas Hch1 was found to be restricted to lower eukaryotes like S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans. In experiments with purified proteins, Aha1 but not Hch1 stimulated the intrinsic ATPase activity of Hsp90 5-fold. To establish their cellular role further, we deleted the genes encoding Aha1 and Hch1 in S. cerevisiae. In vivo experiments demonstrated that Aha1 and Hch1 contributed to efficient activation of the heterologous Hsp90 client protein v-Src. Moreover, Aha1 and Hch1 became crucial for cell viability under non-optimal growth conditions when Hsp90 levels are limiting. Thus, our results identify a novel type of cofactor involved in the regulation of the molecular chaperone Hsp90.
682. The structure and properties of certain polycyclic indolo- and quinolino-derivatives. Part X. Some applications of the Friedländer reaction, and further studies of the quinolino-bases prepared from cyclic keto-amines (1958)

J. T. Braunholtz and F. G. Mann, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 3368 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580003368
A Novel Transcriptional Repression Domain Mediates p21<sup>WAF1/CIP1</sup> Induction of p300 Transactivation (2000)

The transcriptional coactivators p300 and CREB binding protein (CBP) are important regulators of the cell cycle, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. Both p300 and CBP are targeted by viral oncoproteins, are mutated in certain forms of cancer, are phosphorylated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, interact with transcription factors such as p53 and E2F, and can be found complexed with cyclinE-Cdk2 in vivo. Moreover, p300-deficient cells show defects in proliferation. Here we demonstrate that transcriptional activation by both p300 and CBP is stimulated by coexpression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF/CIP1). Significantly this stimulation is independent of both the inherent histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity of p300 and CBP and of the previously reported carboxyl-terminal binding site for cyclinE-Cdk2. Rather, we describe a previously uncharacterized transcriptional repression domain (CRD1) within p300. p300 transactivation is stimulated through derepression of CRD1 by p21. Significantly p21 regulation of CRD1 is dependent on the nature of the core promoter. We suggest that CRD1 provides a novel mechanism through which p300 and CBP can switch activities between the promoters of genes that stimulate growth and those that enhance cell cycle arrest.
On Evaluating Artificial Intelligence Systems for Medical Diagnosis (1983)

Among the difficulties in evaluating AI-type medical diagnosis systems are: the intermediate conclusions of the AI system need to be looked at in addition to the final answer ; the superhuman human fallacy must be guarded against ; and methods for estimating how the approach will scale upwards to larger domains are needed. We propose to measure both the accuracy of diagnosis and the structure of reasoning, the latter with a view to gauging how well the system will scale up.
Vibrational study of layered MPX3 compounds and of some intercalates with Co(.eta.5-C5H5)2+ or Cr(.eta.6-C6H6)2+ (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVibrational study of layered MPX3 compounds and of some intercalates with Co(.eta.5-C5H5)2+ or Cr(.eta.6-C6H6)2+Y. Mathey, R. Clement, C. Sourisseau, and G. LucazeauCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1980, 19, 9, 2773–2779Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50211a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50211a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views483Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts