gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Packing of Rubber (1938)

Abstract The practice of dusting smoked sheets with a suitable non-sticking powder has now been well tested for over three years, and during that period has proved its value. Large consumers of rubber in many sections of the industry find all that is necessary is to split the bales into suitable-sized pieces ready for compounding in large mills or internal mixers without close examination. It will be appreciated that it is somewhat difficult to make fine surgicals, inflatable or hot-water goods, toys or fancy goods, extruded or proofed goods from rubber without some form of examination. In the writer's section of the industry it is necessary that every sheet of rubber be carefully examined through the light so that it goes to the mill absolutely free from splinters, embedded bark, sand or other foreign matter, and adhered parts of any kind. The necessity of this is appreciated by all who make fine rubber ware successfully. The cost of “pulling” or separating blocks of rubber in this way is a high one; in fact, with gummy rubber, even when warm, the cost of “pulling” with labor at about 1s. 3d. an hour has been as high as ¾ d. per lb. Any way, the cost is always considerable, and as the remedy suggested herewith, and already proved in practice, costs so little and is so satisfactory it is surprising that it has not been adopted more widely.
On the outage capacity of MIMO multihop networks (2005)

In this paper we discuss the outage capacity of multihop networks employing terminals with multiple antennas. We discuss the performance of several novel relaying configurations and signalling algorithms for either limited feedback or non-feedback channels. Three relaying types are considered, namely analogue relaying, digital relaying and hybrid relaying. We find that digital selective relaying outperforms all other relaying configurations considered here while requiring the highest signalling overhead. The matched filter based hybrid relaying scheme appears to be a good suboptimum choice for its good performance and low signalling overhead in the multiple relay scenario. We also find that for hybrid relaying schemes, the MMSE algorithm, which is usually applied in conventional MIMO systems, might not give effective performance improvement when it is applied at relays.
A novel fluorescent marker for assembled mitochondria ATP synthase of yeast (1997)

We have shown that OSCP, a subunit of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase, can be incorporated into the intact enzyme as a fusion protein representing OSCP fused at its C-terminus to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) of Aequorea victoria. The relevant fusion OSCP-GFP-h6 additionally contains a hexahistidine tag at the C-terminus. Expression of OSCP-GFP-h6 in yeast cells lacking endogenous OSCP led to the efficient restoration of growth of cells on the non-fermentable substrate, ethanol. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed fluorescence due to GFP in mitochondria of cells expressing OSCP-GFP-h6. Use of immobilised metal ion affinity chromatography enabled the recovery of assembled ATP synthase complexes which contained OSCP-GFP-h6 identified by its mobility on SDS-PAGE and immunoreactivity to anti-OSCP and anti-GFP antibodies. The successful isolation of the assembled multisubunit ATP synthase containing GFP fused to one of the essential subunits of the complex widely expands the potential applications of GFP. In principle, these include the spatial and temporal monitoring of ATP synthase complexes in vivo, and the exploration of interactions involving ATP synthase subunits by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET).
Use of Remote Sensing in Abandoned Well Assessment (1988)

ABSTRACT FLOWING artesian wells present a saline contamina-tion problem in many parts of Florida. Locating these wells by ground search is made difficult by the urbanized or reforested condition of formerly agricultural land. A remote sensing study was performed in a 61,800 ha portion of Lee County to assess flowing wells. Locations of possible well-sites were obtained by interpretation of aerial color infrared photography. Densitometric analysis of known well-sites produced spectral signatures for comparison with suspected well-sites. Ground investigation of photo interpreted well-sites within a 1,036 ha portion of the study area was conducted to determine the accuracy and efficiency of well location. Results indicated that 89 previously unknown well-sites had been discovered in the study area, and that one flowing well per 17 ha of formerly agricultural land could be expected in Lee County.
Quantitative evaluation of muscle synergy models: a single-trial task decoding approach (2013)

Muscle synergies, i.e., invariant coordinated activations of groups of muscles, have been proposed as building blocks that the central nervous system (CNS) uses to construct the patterns of muscle activity utilized for executing movements. Several efficient dimensionality reduction algorithms that extract putative synergies from electromyographic (EMG) signals have been developed. Typically, the quality of synergy decompositions is assessed by computing the Variance Accounted For (VAF). Yet, little is known about the extent to which the combination of those synergies encodes task-discriminating variations of muscle activity in individual trials. To address this question, here we conceive and develop a novel computational framework to evaluate muscle synergy decompositions in task space. Unlike previous methods considering the total variance of muscle patterns (VAF based metrics), our approach focuses on variance discriminating execution of different tasks. The procedure is based on single-trial task decoding from muscle synergy activation features. The task decoding based metric evaluates quantitatively the mapping between synergy recruitment and task identification and automatically determines the minimal number of synergies that captures all the task-discriminating variability in the synergy activations. In this paper, we first validate the method on plausibly simulated EMG datasets. We then show that it can be applied to different types of muscle synergy decomposition and illustrate its applicability to real data by using it for the analysis of EMG recordings during an arm pointing task. We find that time-varying and synchronous synergies with similar number of parameters are equally efficient in task decoding, suggesting that in this experimental paradigm they are equally valid representations of muscle synergies. Overall, these findings stress the effectiveness of the decoding metric in systematically assessing muscle synergy decompositions in task space.
Effects of 2450 MHz Microwave Radiation on Human Blood Coagulation Processes (1972)

A relatively inexpensive and compact free-space microwave exposure system was designed and fabricated for irradiating in vitro platelet-rich human blood plasma to 2450 MHz CW radiation at varying power densities of up to 280 mW/cm2 and 75 mW of absorbed power. Investigation of the non-thermal effects, with temperatures remaining below normal body temperature of 37°C, shows that no significant changes occur to platelet count, coagulation time or clot strength at power densities up to 280 mW/cm2 for exposure times as high as 24 hr. Microwave heating to temperatures between 37 and 42 °Q produced little significant change in coagulation time and clot strength, whereas conventional heating to equivalent temperatures produced an expected and observed increase in coagulation time and corresponding decrease in clot strength.
Make stunning schenker graphs with GNU Lilypond (2005)

Think that Linux-based graphics programs can't compete? GNU Lilypond generates beautiful graphics that make commercial alternatives seem second-rate.
Interspecies acetate transfer influences the extent of anaerobic benzoate degradation by syntrophic consortia (1996)

Benzoate degradation by an anaerobic, syntrophic bacterium, strain SB, in coculture with Desulfovibrio sp. strain G-11 reached a threshold value which depended on the amount of acetate added and ranged from about 2.5 to 29.9 (mu)M. Increasing acetate concentrations also uncompetitively inhibited benzoate degradation. The apparent V(infmax) and apparent K(infm) for benzoate degradation decreased with increasing acetate concentration, but the benzoate degradation capacities (V(infmax)/K(infm)) of cell suspensions remained comparable. The addition of an acetate-using bacterium to cocultures after the threshold was reached resulted in the degradation of benzoate to below the detection limit. Mathematical simulations showed that the benzoate threshold was not predicted by the inhibitory effect of acetate on benzoate degradation kinetics. With nitrate instead of sulfate as the terminal electron acceptor, no benzoate threshold was observed in the presence of 20 mM acetate even though the kinetics of benzoate degradation were slower with nitrate rather than sulfate as the electron acceptor. When strain SB was grown with Desulfovibrio sp. strain DG2 that had a fourfold-lower V(infmax) for hydrogen use than strain G-11, the V(infmax) for benzoate degradation was 37-fold lower than that of strain SB-G-11 cocultures. The Gibb's free energy for benzoate degradation was less negative in cell suspensions with a threshold than in suspensions without a threshold. These studies showed that the threshold was not a function of the inhibition of benzoate degradation by acetate or the toxicity of the undissociated form of acetate. Rather, a critical or minimal Gibb's free energy may exist where thermodynamic constraints preclude further benzoate degradation.
Insight into GATA1 transcriptional activity through interrogation of<i>cis</i>elements disrupted in human erythroid disorders (2016)

Whole-exome sequencing has been incredibly successful in identifying causal genetic variants and has revealed a number of novel genes associated with blood and other diseases. One limitation of this approach is that it overlooks mutations in noncoding regulatory elements. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which mutations in transcriptionalcis-regulatory elements result in disease remain poorly understood. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to interrogate three such elements harboring mutations in human erythroid disorders, which in all cases are predicted to disrupt a canonical binding motif for the hematopoietic transcription factor GATA1. Deletions of as few as two to four nucleotides resulted in a substantial decrease (>80%) in target gene expression. Isolated deletions of the canonical GATA1 binding motif completely abrogated binding of the cofactor TAL1, which binds to a separate motif. Having verified the functionality of these three GATA1 motifs, we demonstrate strong evolutionary conservation of GATA1 motifs in regulatory elements proximal to other genes implicated in erythroid disorders, and show that targeted disruption of such elements results in altered gene expression. By modeling transcription factor binding patterns, we show that multiple transcription factors are associated with erythroid gene expression, and have created predictive maps modeling putative disruptions of their binding sites at key regulatory elements. Our study provides insight into GATA1 transcriptional activity and may prove a useful resource for investigating the pathogenicity of noncoding variants in human erythroid disorders.
Discriminative reranking for semantic parsing (2006)

Semantic parsing is the task of mapping natural language sentences to complete formal meaning representations. The performance of semantic parsing can be potentially improved by using discriminative reranking, which explores arbitrary global features. In this paper, we investigate discriminative reranking upon a baseline semantic parser, SCISSOR, where the composition of meaning representations is guided by syntax. We examine if features used for syntactic parsing can be adapted for semantic parsing by creating similar semantic features based on the mapping between syntax and semantics. We report experimental results on two real applications, an interpreter for coaching instructions in robotic soccer and a natural-language database interface. The results show that reranking can improve the performance on the coaching interpreter, but not on the database interface.
An analysis on linear crossover for real number chromosomes in an infinite population size (2002)

The article presents an approach for mathematical analysis of genetic algorithms with real number chromosomes. We focus our attention on crossovers using a linear combination of the elements on the locus and verify the property in the change of the distribution of the chromosomes. This framework includes the average crossover and the Unfair Average Crossover we have proposed. We apply this result to these crossover methods.
Recent Advances in Zinc Enzymology (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRecent Advances in Zinc EnzymologyWilliam N. Lipscomb and Norbert SträterView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 7, 2375–2434Publication Date (Web):November 7, 1996Publication History Received2 May 1996Revised25 July 1996Published online7 November 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr950042jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr950042jresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5120Altmetric-Citations1184LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ions,Metals,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Zinc Get e-Alerts
A NEW HEURISTIC ALGORITHM FOR CONSTRAINED RECTANGLE-PACKING PROBLEM (2007)

The constrained rectangle-packing problem is the problem of packing a subset of rectangles into a larger rectangular container, with the objective of maximizing the layout value. It has many industrial applications such as shipping, wood and glass cutting, etc. Many algorithms have been proposed to solve it, for example, simulated annealing, genetic algorithm and other heuristic algorithms. In this paper a new heuristic algorithm is proposed based on two strategies: the rectangle selecting strategy and the rectangle packing strategy. We have applied the algorithm to 21 smaller, 630 larger and other zero-waste instances. The computational results demonstrate that the integrated performance of the algorithm is rather satisfying and the algorithm developed is fairly efficient for solving the constrained rectangle-packing problem.
A Charter for ‘patients’ (1991)

The more often trains are delayed the less likely anybody is to rely on them. And although British Rail distributes a proliferation of timetables, regular commuters regard the published times with a healthy dose of scepticism. People have begun to expect a lower standard of service as the norm.
Bacterial Toxin RelE Mediates Frequent Codon-independent mRNA Cleavage from the 5′ End of Coding Regions in Vivo (2011)

The enzymatic activity of the RelE bacterial toxin component of the Escherichia coli RelBE toxin-antitoxin system has been extensively studied in vitro and to a lesser extent in vivo. These earlier reports revealed that 1) RelE alone does not exhibit mRNA cleavage activity, 2) RelE mediates mRNA cleavage through its association with the ribosome, 3) RelE-mediated mRNA cleavage occurs at the ribosomal A site and, 4) Cleavage of mRNA by RelE exhibits high codon specificity. More specifically, RelE exhibits a preference for the stop codons UAG and UGA and sense codons CAG and UCG in vitro. In this study, we used a comprehensive primer extension approach to map the frequency and codon specificity of RelE cleavage activity in vivo. We found extensive cleavage at the beginning of the coding region of five transcripts, ompA, lpp, ompF, rpsA, and tufA. We then mapped RelE cleavage sites across one short transcript (lpp) and two long transcripts (ompF and ompA). RelE cut all of these transcripts frequently and efficiently within the first ∼100 codons, only occasionally cut beyond this point, and rarely cut at sites in proximity to the 3' end. Among 196 RelE sites in these five transcripts, there was no preference for CAG or UCG sense codons. In fact, bioinformatic analysis of the RelE cleavage sites failed to identify any sequence preferences. These results suggest a model of RelE function distinct from those proposed previously, because RelE directed frequent codon-independent mRNA cleavage coincident with the commencement of translation elongation.
Wild-Type Levels of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infectivity in the Absence of Cellular Emerin Protein (2006)

Preintegration complexes (PICs) mediate retroviral integration, and recent results indicate an important role for the inner nuclear membrane protein emerin in orienting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) PICs to chromatin for integration. Two other host cell proteins, the barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) and lamina-associated polypeptide 2alpha (LAP2alpha), seemed to play a similar preintegrative role for Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) in addition to HIV-1. In contrast, we determined efficient HIV-1 and MMLV infection of HeLa-P4 cells following potent down-regulation of emerin, BAF, or LAP2alpha protein by using short interfering RNA. Mouse embryo fibroblasts ablated for emerin protein through gene knockout support the same level of HIV-1 infection as cells derived from wild-type littermate control animals. As the expression of human emerin in mouse knockout cells fails to affect the level of infectivity achieved in its absence, we conclude that HIV-1 efficiently infects cells in the absence of emerin protein and, by extension, that emerin is not a universally important regulator of HIV-1 infectivity.
The Viscosities of Solutions of the Proteins of Horse Serum<sup>1</sup> (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Viscosities of Solutions of the Proteins of Horse Serum1Kathleen R. Fahey and Arda Alden GreenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 12, 3039–3043Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01279a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01279a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A divergent synthesis of oligoarylalkanethiols with Lewis-basic N-donor termini (2010)

Araliphatic thiols are key molecules for the formation of self-assembled monolayers with high long-range order. If these monolayers shall act as bases for the attachment of other molecules, the respective thiols need to carry suitable functional groups, such as the amino or the pyridine group. Due to their Lewis-basicity, these groups are not compatible with the thiol group under most reaction conditions. Here, an entry into this versatile class of compounds is presented, by using fundamental building blocks in which the thiol groups are protected as triisopropylsilyl sulfides making them compatible with many reagents including Grignard reagents and palladium catalysts. With this strategy at hand, six thiols with bi- and terphenyl backbones, one to three methylene groups, and amino or pyridine head groups became accessible in short reaction sequences.
Industrial Dynamics Simulation Models in the Design of Supply Chains (1992)

Reviews the dynamic operation of supply chains and reaches some simple conclusions for reducing demand amplification, which consequently attenuates swings in both production rates and stock levels. The results are based on one particular supply chain, for which the use of systems simplification techniques has generated valuable insight into supply chain design. Although different strategies are compared for reducing demand amplification as witnessed by one particular supply chain model, the conclusions are nevertheless thought to have wide application and, indeed, implication. Comments in depth on the significance of the simulation results for the demand chain as a whole, and for the role of an individual business within the chain. In the first instance, supply chain integration, and in particular free exchange of information, is a prerequisite for progress. In the second case, shows that reduction in lead times throughout the supply chain via JIT is similarly beneficial. Clearly pinpoints the limitation to supply chain improvement which can be obtained as a result of using JIT alone. This can be an expensive and ongoing process of improvement with many spin‐off benefits. Nevertheless, shows that the improvement possible by JIT operation of an individual business can be negated by the failure to design and manage the supply chain dynamics as a total system. The message for an individual business is thus quite specific. Not only must lead times be reduced via JIT, but also the business must seek to be part of the right supply chain, if it is to remain competitive and stable.
Efficacy of Centrifugation as a Method of Concentrating Tubercle Bacilli* (1952)

Efficacy of Centrifugation as a Method of Concentrating Tubercle Bacilli* George C. Klein, B.A., George C. Klein, B.A. Communicable Disease Center, U. S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Morris Maltz, B.S., Morris Maltz, B.S. Communicable Disease Center, U. S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Martin M. Cummings, M.D., Martin M. Cummings, M.D. † Communicable Disease Center, U. S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia †Present address, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Lawson Veterans Administration Hospital, Chamblee, Georgia. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Charles H. Fish, M.D. Charles H. Fish, M.D. Communicable Disease Center, U. S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 22, Issue 6_ts, June 1952, Pages 581–585, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/22.6_ts.581 Published: 01 June 1952 Article history Received: 09 January 1952 Published: 01 June 1952