gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oncolytic virus therapy: A new era of cancer treatment at dawn (2016)

Oncolytic virus therapy is perhaps the next major breakthrough in cancer treatment following the success in immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncolytic viruses are defined as genetically engineered or naturally occurring viruses that selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells without harming the normal tissues. T-Vec (talimogene laherparepvec), a second-generation oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) armed with GM-CSF, was recently approved as the first oncolytic virus drug in the USA and Europe. The phase III trial proved that local intralesional injections with T-Vec in advanced malignant melanoma patients can not only suppress the growth of injected tumors but also act systemically and prolong overall survival. Other oncolytic viruses that are closing in on drug approval in North America and Europe include vaccinia virus JX-594 (pexastimogene devacirepvec) for hepatocellular carcinoma, GM-CSF-expressing adenovirus CG0070 for bladder cancer, and Reolysin (pelareorep), a wild-type variant of reovirus, for head and neck cancer. In Japan, a phase II clinical trial of G47∆, a third-generation oncolytic HSV-1, is ongoing in glioblastoma patients. G47∆ was recently designated as a "Sakigake" breakthrough therapy drug in Japan. This new system by the Japanese government should provide G47∆ with priority reviews and a fast-track drug approval by the regulatory authorities. Whereas numerous oncolytic viruses have been subjected to clinical trials, the common feature that is expected to play a major role in prolonging the survival of cancer patients is an induction of specific antitumor immunity in the course of tumor-specific viral replication. It appears that it will not be long before oncolytic virus therapy becomes a standard therapeutic option for all cancer patients.
Study of the bending modes in circular quartz resonators (2006)

An experimental and theoretical study of bending modes in a partially electroded circular piezoelectric quartz (AT-cut) with free edge is presented. The quartz is excited by a voltage pulse applied on the electrodes, and its surface is scanned by a laser vibrometer that measures the out-of-plane displacements. The classical theory of bending of thin disks is used to describe the flexural modes at frequencies lower than the first thickness shear resonance (6 MHz). A fairly good agreement is found between experimental and theoretical results for the forced mode shapes and for the resonance frequencies. However, it appears that the two springs used to maintain the disk in position introduce extra clamping conditions. Several source shapes were studied, among which a collection of an arbitrary number of forces is particularly useful. The two-dimensional wavenumber representation shows the presence of anisotropy related to the crystallographic axes at higher frequencies, which is not predicted by the model. The experimental phase velocities are compared to those given by the classical theory of disks and to those of Lamb A(0) mode. This study confirms the correspondence at low frequencies between the A(0) mode and the bending eigenmodes of a disk with finite size.
How to Prepare For The Potential Second Wave of COVID-19 (2020)

Dr. Robert Posner, who specializes in helping people lose weight, offers preparedness advice.
Novel Oxyfunctionalized Phosphonite Ligands for the Hydroformylation of Isomericn-Olefins (2000)

Industrially relevant selectivities and turnover frequencies of up to 18 710 h−1 are achieved with novel 2,2′-dihydroxybiphenyl phosphonite ligands such as 1 in the rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of internal octenes. R1 = H, alkyl; R2 = OMe, tBu. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2000/z14311_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Differential tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation in mouse T lymphocyte subsets. Effect of age. (1993)

We have previously reported that activation of normal murine T lymphocytes with either anti-CD3 or Con A leads to increased phosphorylation of three phosphotyrosine-containing proteins with molecular masses of 120, 80, and 40 kDa, that antibody to the alpha beta TCR heterodimer induces phosphorylation of the 120- and 80-kDa species, and that aging impairs phosphorylation of all three substrates. In our study we determine if phosphorylation of these substrates differs among T cell subsets in old and young mice. In young mice, we found that the induced levels of all three phosphorylated substrates, 10 min after addition of the mitogenic stimulus, were significantly higher in CD8 than in CD4 cells for anti-CD3 and Con A stimulation; responses to anti-TCR were also higher in CD8 than in CD4 cells for the 80 kDa, although not the 120-kDa substrate. Aging led to significant declines in the ability to phosphorylate all three substrates in the CD8 population, and also of the 80-kDa substrate in CD4 cells. Comparison of unfractionated CD4 to purified CD4 memory T cells showed that the age-dependent shift from naive to memory T cells could explain the loss with age in p80 phosphorylation, in that memory cells were significantly less able to phosphorylate p80 than were the unseparated CD4 preparations. Phosphorylation of p40 also was significantly lower in CD4 memory cells, as was phosphorylation of p120 in responses to anti-CD3. We conclude that subsets of mouse splenic T cells display different patterns of tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation in the first 10 min after activation, and that the accumulation of memory T cells with age can account for at least some of the age-dependent decline in tyrosine protein kinase pathways.
Stack Bounds Protection with Low Fat Pointers (2017)

Author(s): Gregory J .Duck, Roland H.C. Yap, Lorenzo Cavallaro Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 27 Feb 2017 Document Type: Reports Additional Documents: Slides Video Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2017 Abstract: Object bounds overflow errors are a common source of security vulnerabilities. In principle, bounds check instrumentation eliminates the problem, but this introduces high overheads and is further hampered by … Continued
Nondestructive determination of damage depth profiles in ion-implanted semiconductors by spectroscopic ellipsometry using different optical models (1992)

A several-parameter fitting of spectroscopic ellipsometry data is developed to characterize near-surface layers in semiconductors damaged by implantation. The damage depth profiles are described by either rectangular, trapezoid-type, or coupled half-Gaussian (realistic) optical models. The rectangular model has three parameters: the average damage level, the effective thickness of the implanted layer, and the thickness of the native oxide. The trapezoid-type model is enhanced with a fourth parameter, the width of the amorphous/crystalline interface. The realistic optical model consists of a stack of layers with fixed and equal thicknesses. The damage levels are determined by a depth profile function (presently coupled half-Gaussians). Five parameters are used: the position of the maximum, the height, and two standard deviations of the profile, plus the thickness of the native oxide. The complex refractive index of each layer is calculated from the actual damage level by the Bruggeman effective medium approximation. The optical models were tested on Ge-implanted silicon samples and cross checked with high-depth-resolution Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and channeling.
Polycarbonate aus o,o,o′,o′‐tetramethyl‐substituierten bisphenolen (1976)

Abstract Aus o,o,o′,o′‐tetramethylsubstituierten Bisphenolen und Phosgen lassen sich trotz starker sterischer Hinderung der OH‐Gruppen durch die Methylsubstituenten nach dem Verfahren der Zweiphasengrenzflächenkondensation hochmolekulare Polycarbonate herstellen. Voraussetzung dafür sind die Anwendung hoher Katalysatorkonzentrationen, die Aufrechterhaltung hoher pH‐Werte, der Einsatz eines hohen Phosgenüberschusses und das Einhalten langer Kondensationszeiten. Die Polycarbonate zeichnen sich durch hohe Einfriertemperaturen, gute Hydrolysestabilität, niedrige Brechungsindices und gute thermoplatische Verarbeitbarkeit aus. Das Polycarbonat aus 2,2‐Bis‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐propan besitzt eine besonders ausgewogene Kombination von Eigenschaften, insbesondere auch gute Verträglichkeit mit Polymeren wie Bisphenol‐A‐Polycarbonat, Polystyrol und Polyvinylchlorid.
Purine studies. Part XX. Methylation and reduction of 2,8-dioxo-, 2,8-diamino-, and 2-amino-8-oxo-purines, and the stereochemistry of their 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-derivatives (1976)

Methylation of 1,7-dihydro-9H-purine-2,8-dione, 2 8-diaminopurine, and 2-amino-7,9-dihydropurin-8-one in neutral medium gave 3,7,8,9-tetrahydro-1,3,9-trimethyl-2,8-dioxo-2H-purinium iodide, 2,8-diamino-1,7,9-trimethyl-9H-purinium di-iodide, and 2-amino-7,9-dihydro-7-methylpurin-8-one respectively. Methylation of the 2,8-dione and its 1-methyl derivative in alkaline medium in each case provided a 1 : 1 mixture of 1,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-3H- and 1,7-dihydro-1,7,9-trimethyl-9H-purine-2,8-dione, which on further methylation in neutral medium gave 3,7,8,9-tetrahydro-1,3,7,9-tetramethyl-2,8-dioxo-2H-purinium iodide. Methylation of 1,7-dihydro-7-methyl-9H-purine-2,8-dione, obtained by nitrosation of 2-amino-7,9-dihydro-7-methylpurin-8-one, in alkaline medium gave a 1 : 9 mixture of the above trimethylpurinediones. The methylation patterns were established by reduction, hydrolytic cleavage, methylation with CD3I, and mass and 1H n.m.r. spectral comparisons.Reduction of these and related methylated purines with sodium borohydride produced 1,3,7-, 1,3,9-, and 1,7,9-trimethyl- and 1,3,6,9- and 1,3,7,9-tetramethyl-cis-perhydropurine-2,8-diones, and 1,7,9-trimethyl- and 1,6,7,9-tetramethyl-cis-2,8-diamino-4,5,6,9-tetrahydro-1H-purinium salts. Tafel's purone (perhydropurine-2,8-dione) and 2,8-diamino-4,5,6,9-tetrahydro-1H-purine were formed by electrolytic reduction of the respective purines, and had the cis-configuration at C-4 and C-5, similar to the above reduced purines, as shown by the patterns of 1H n.m.r. signals, and spectral comparisons with cis-perhydrocyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-2-one and cis-2-amino- 4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine.
The formation of polymers on the surfaces of disperse carbon materials (1989)

The characteristic features of the synthesis of polymers (radical and ionic polymerisation, polyaddition, polycondensation) on the surfaces of disperse carbon materials (graphite, carbon black, and diamond) are examined. The processes involving the formation of polymers, their structures, and their properties are analysed taking into account the chemistry of the surfaces of disperse carbon fillers, which plays an important role in the preparation of filled polymeric materials by the method of polymerisation filling. The bibliography includes 106 references.
The Effect of Taking Issue Positions on Ratings of Political Candidates (1980)

An argument can be made that, under most circumstances, a candidate who discusses political issues is taking an unwise risk and that the safest policy a candidate seekinq election can pursue is to avoid issues entirely (Field and Anderson, 1969, p. 398). Political issue stands are commonly measured along a liberal-conservative continuum. As noted by Nie, Verba, and Petrocik (1976, p. 325), the candidate will receive most support if his/her position on an issue is a centrist one which matches the average view of the voter. Any movement from this position toward either the liberal or conservative ends of the continuum results in a loss of support. However, even if the candidate occupies this centrist position, not everyone is pleased--notably those at the liberal and conservative extremes. In other
Computationally Efficient Signal Detection for STBC-OFDM Systems in Fast-Fading Channels (2007)

In this paper, we propose a novel signal detection method that achieves the maximum likelihood (ML) performance but requires much less computational complexity than the ML detection. When the well-known linear decoding method is used for space-time block coded (STBC) OFDM systems in fast-fading channels, co-channel interference (CCI) as well as inter-carrier interference (ICI) occurs. A maximum likelihood (ML) method can be employed to deal with the CCI; however, its computational complexity is very high. In this paper, we propose a signal detection method for orthogonal space-time coded OFDM systems that achieves the identical error performance as the ML method, but requires much less computational complexity.
The Scientific Revolution (2020)

The Scientific Revolution is commonly taken to denote the period between 1500 and 1700, during which time the conceptual and institutional foundations of modern science were erected upon the discredited ruins of the Medieval world-view, itself a Christianised elaboration of the scientific and natural philosophical heritage of classical antiquity. The central element in the Scientific Revolution is universally agreed to be the overthrow of Aristotelian natural philosophy, entrenched in the universities, along with its attendant earthcentred Ptolemaic system of astronomy. These were replaced by the Copernican system of astronomy (see art. 14) and the new mechanistic philosophy of nature (see art. 38), championed by René Descartes, Pierre Gassendi, Thomas Hobbes and Robert Boyle. Historians of science agree that by the turn of the eighteenth century, Isaac Newton’s scientific and natural philosophical work had subsumed and solidified Copernican astronomy, unified the terrestrial and celestial mechanics deriving respectively from Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler, and transformed the mechanical philosophy by adding to it an ontology of immaterial forces and ‘ethers’ acting on ordinary matter according to mathematically expressed laws. It is also agreed that conceptual breakthroughs in related areas complemented these major transformations: Galileo and Newton laid the foundations for classical mathematical physics; William Harvey established the circulation of the blood, based on the achievements of the sixteenth-century anatomical tradition; and Descartes, Pierre Fermat, Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz created the first modern fields of mathematics, coordinate geometry and differential and integral calculus.
Articulated Pose Estimation by a Graphical Model with Image Dependent Pairwise Relations (2014)

We present a method for estimating articulated human pose from a single static image based on a graphical model with novel pairwise relations that make adap-tive use of local image measurements. More precisely, we specify a graphical model for human pose which exploits the fact the local image measurements can be used both to detect parts (or joints) and also to predict the spatial relationships between them (Image Dependent Pairwise Relations). These spatial relationships are represented by a mixture model. We use Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) to learn conditional probabilities for the presence of parts and their spa-tial relationships within image patches. Hence our model combines the represen-tational flexibility of graphical models with the efficiency and statistical power of DCNNs. Our method significantly outperforms the state of the art methods on the LSP and FLIC datasets and also performs very well on the Buffy dataset without any training. 1
Surface-based manipulation of point defects in rutile TiO2 (2013)

Through isotopic self-diffusion measurements, the present work resolves a discrepancy in the literature about the primary oxygen-related point defect in rutile TiO2 by showing that suitably prepared surfaces can controllably inject large numbers of an exceptionally mobile defect. Results strongly suggest that this defect is the oxygen interstitial, whose existence in TiO2 has been predicted computationally but never experimentally confirmed. The surface pathway offers an approach for replacing donor oxygen vacancies with acceptor oxygen interstitials facilitating manipulation of near-surface electronic bands.
Mutation Detection in the and Alleles of the Sodium Channel (1996)

Analysis of a transgene-induced mutation at the mouse med locus led to the identification of the novel voltage-gated sodium channel gene Scn8a (Burgess, D. L., Kohrman, D. C., Galt, J., Plummer, N. W., Jones, J. M., Spear, B., and Meisler, M. H.(1995) Nat. Genet. 10, 461-465). We now report the identification of splicing defects in two spontaneous mutations of Scn8a. The original med mutation was caused by insertion of a truncated LINE element into exon 2 of Scn8a. The med transcript is spliced from exon 1 to a cryptic acceptor site in intron 2. A 4-base pair deletion within the 5' donor site of exon 3 in the medJ allele results in splicing from exon 1 to exon 4. Both mutant transcripts have altered reading frames with premature stop codons close to the N terminus of the protein. Loss of Scn8a expression results in progressive paralysis and early death. Intron 2 of Scn8a is flanked by minor class AT-AC splice sites. The observed splicing patterns of the med and medJ mutant transcripts provide the first evidence for preferential in vivo splicing between donor and acceptor sites of the same class. The apparent functional incompatibility may be a consequence of the different composition of spliceosomes bound to major and minor splice sites.
The Pacemaker and ICD Reuse Programme of the Pan-African Society of Cardiology (2017)

Africa is witnessing a rapid epidemiological transition with the emergence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Indeed, Mensah and colleagues have shown that in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), there has been a rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality since 1990, mainly due to population growth and an increase in the proportion of people older than 65 years.1 Despite the increasing prevalence of CVD in developing countries including SSA, many patients in these countries do not have access to treatment modalities like pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) that are associated with substantial reduction in morbidity and mortality due to CVD in industrialised nations. For example, in a 2009 global review of pacemaker implantation in 61 countries, there was a large gap between the developed and developing nations in the number of implants; for example, there were 782 implants per million people in France compared with four implants per million in Pakistan.2 Although the statistics on pacemaker implantation rates are not readily available in most SSA countries, cardiac pacemaker use remains dismally low at <10 implants per million population (with the exception of South Africa with 39 per million population, most for those with private health insurance).3 This disparity is believed to be due to the high cost of new cardiac devices. The price of the pacemaker generator without accessories is between US$2500 and US$3000, while that of the leads is US$800–1000. An ICD generator price is between US$20 000 and US$40 000 and leads cost over US$10 000. These costs exceed the yearly earnings of the average citizen in most lower-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).4 

Every year, one million people die due to lack of access to pacemaker treatment.5 Apart from premature deaths, the non-availability of pacemaker treatment also adversely affects the individual’s quality of life due to poor physical performance, persistent tiredness and …
Creating cool Web applets with Java (1996)

The friendly guide to learning the basics of programming Java, this hands-on instruction gives an overview of programming with Java and explores how Java provides the best method of supercharging Web pages. Readers learn how to use Java development tools and how to make interactive information available on the Web.
Enhancement of ultrasonic absorption by microbubbles for therapeutic application (2002)

It was recently reported that not only the cavitational bioeffect but also the thermal bioeffect of ultrasound can be enhanced with microbubble agents. If the ultrasonic absorption of tissues can be significantly increased in a well-controlled manner with administration of such a microbubble agent, it will be especially useful for the ultrasonic treatment of deep-seated tissues, to where ultrasonic power high enough for the treatment is difficult to deliver. The possibility of this approach was checked in a preliminary in vitro ultrasonic exposure experiment of Levovist suspension. Ultrasonic power absorbed and scattered by a microbubble was calculated through numerically solving Rayleigh-Plesset equation to analyze its nonlinear breathing motion. It is estimated that approximately 3 microbubbles in the resonant size per cubic millimeter of tissue are needed to double the tissue absorption due to ultrasonic exposure at 2 MHz. This microbubble concentration is achievable in a human body. It is also predicted that the microbubble size may need to be controlled small enough to maintain the ultrasonic penetration for efficient ultrasonic heating of tissues.
An Electrically Excited Gas-Dynamic Carbon Monoxide Laser (1971)

A carbon monoxide laser is reported which utilizes a glow discharge in the plenum of a supersonic nozzle. The discharge selectively excites the CO vibrational mode, while the gas translational temperature remains relatively cold. Continuous output is obtained from optical cavities established transverse to the flow at two nozzle area ratios. Maximum laser power obtained to date is 6.8 W corresponding to an efficiency of 0.6%, based on electrical power input.
The Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-1(2H)-ones and Pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6(5H)-ones (1992)

The pyrrolo[l,2u]pyrazin-1(~ones (lo), (ll), ( 12) and ( 13) and the pyrrolo[l,2-b]pyridazin-6(5H)-one (18) were prepared either a) directly by Chichibabin quaternisation-cyclisation of the corresponding methoxymethylpyraine or pyridazine or b) by hydrogen halide hydrolysis of methoxypyrrolo[l,2u]pyrazines and methoxy~rrolo[l,2-blpyridazines.Protonation studies and some reactivity of the systems are discussed.
XIAP Therapy Increases Survival of Transplanted Rod Precursors in a Degenerating Host Retina (2010)

Survival of integrated cells decreases with time after transplantation but can be significantly increased with XIAP antiapoptotic therapy. Preventing programmed cell death through XIAP therapy may be an important component of future therapeutic retinal cell transplantation strategies.