gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broad-Band Active Phase Shifter Using Dual-Gate MESFET (1981)

This paper describes a broad-band, dual-gate MESFET phase shifter (vector generator), operating over the 4- 8-GHz frequency band and capable of a continuous phase shift and multiplicity of modulations including digital phase shift and amplitude modulation directly, and indirectly (with additional information processing circuits), single sideband modulation, frequency modulation, and phase modulation, etc. A dual-gate FET is used as a variable gain amplifier and phase shift is obtained by complex addition of two orthogonal variable vectors. The principle of the phase shifter and the experimental results are presented.
Spectrophotometric Intracutaneous Analysis (SIAscopy) (2009)

Numerous studies have been carried out in an attempt to elucidate the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of the aging process. The basic biochemical process underlying the aging process was first introduced in 1956 with the free radical theory of aging (1). This theory states that oxidative damage to DNA and other cellular components is the main driving force behind aging. More recent versions of this theory predict that mitochondria are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative damage. The idea that genetically damaged mitochondria accumulate with time and are causally responsible for the aging phenotype via a disturbed energy production and excessive ROS production is at the core of the so-called mitochondrial theory of aging (2). In 1989, Monnier proposed the Maillard theory of aging, stating that the fundamental aging process might be mediated by the Maillard reaction (the nonenzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and proteins, also known as the glycation process) (3). The free radical-glycation/Maillard reaction theory of aging brings those two views together. It suggests that free radicals (ROS) and reactive carbonyl species (RCS) from Maillard reactions may represent interactive elements of a more complex biochemical pathway. The age-related deterioration then results from the cumulative damage induced by ROS, by RCS, and by their interactions (4). Glycation of mitochondrial proteins results in the excessive formation of intracellular superoxide (5). It was recently shown that senescent human fibroblasts are characterized by a partial uncoupling of the respiratory chain, resulting in increased proton leakage and enhanced electron transport activity (6). Sto¨ckl et al. (7) even suggested a cause-effect relationship between impaired mitochondrial coupling and premature senescence. Others have proposed a key role for high-level ROS-generating enzymes of the NOX family NADPH oxidases in causing age-related diseases (8,9). Oxidative damage to DNA has been found to be an important determinant of life span at least in lower organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster. Studies in higher organisms argue for a role of oxidative stress in age-related disease, especially cancer; however, the data remain inconclusive on whether oxidative stress determines life span (10). The general consensus appears to be that the aging process is multifactorial and that it results from an accumulation of damage with an underlying glycoxidative mechanism. Our interpretation of the glycoxidative model of aging is presented schematically in Figure 1.
Propagation of an attenuated virus by design: engineering a novel receptor for a noninfectious foot-and-mouth disease virus. (1996)

To gain entry into cells, viruses utilize a variety of different cell-surface molecules. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) binds to cell-surface integrin molecules via an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence in capsid protein VP1. Binding to this particular cell-surface molecule influences FMDV tropism, and virus/receptor interactions appear to be responsible, in part, for selection of antigenic variants. To study early events of virus-cell interaction, we engineered an alternative and novel receptor for FMDV. Specifically, we generated a new receptor by fusing a virus-binding, single-chain antibody (scAb) to intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). Cells that are normally not susceptible to FMDV infection became susceptible after being transfected with DNA encoding the scAb/ICAM1 protein. An escape mutant (B2PD.3), derived with the mAb used to generate the genetically engineered receptor, was restricted for growth on the scAb/ICAM1 cells, but a variant of B2PD.3 selected by propagation on scAb/ICAM1 cells grew well on these cells. This variant partially regained wild-type sequence in the epitope recognized by the mAb and also regained the ability to be neutralize by the mAb. Moreover, RGD-deleted virions that are noninfectious in animals and other cell types grew to high titers and were able to form plaques on scAb/ ICAM1 cells. These studies demonstrate the first production of a totally synthetic cell-surface receptor for a virus. This novel approach will be useful for studying virus reception and for the development of safer vaccines against viral pathogens of animals and humans.
Compact in-line autocorrelator using double wedge (2012)

A new optical design for an autocorrelator using a double wedge is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It consists of two wedges placed in a mirror-image configuration. Instead of splitting a beam by 90 degree angle as done in a conventional autocorrelator based on Michelson interferometer, the wedge splits the beam by 180 degrees. The angle of incidence is nearly normal to all the wedge surfaces so that this new design provides the compact in-line layout for an autocorrelator. The time delay can be adjustable by scanning the separation between two wedges. Due to the geometry, the double wedge produces multiple reflections, but they are angularly separated among each other. The laser pulse of 28 fs duration is measured by using the double wedge autocorrelator and compared with Michelson-type autocorrelator. The effect of material dispersion and angular chirp introduced by the wedge pair is discussed for shorter pulse measurement.
Germanium epitaxy on silicon (2014)

With the rapid development of on-chip optical interconnects and optical computing in the past decade, silicon-based integrated devices for monolithic and hybrid optoelectronic integration have attracted wide attention. Due to its narrow pseudo-direct gap behavior and compatibility with Si technology, epitaxial Ge-on-Si has become a significant material for optoelectronic device applications. In this paper, we describe recent research progress on heteroepitaxy of Ge flat films and self-assembled Ge quantum dots on Si. For film growth, methods of strain modification and lattice mismatch relief are summarized, while for dot growth, key process parameters and their effects on the dot density, dot morphology and dot position are reviewed. The results indicate that epitaxial Ge-on-Si materials will play a bigger role in silicon photonics.
Facebook and College Students: Is Marketing Effective (2011)

With the revolution of marketing from print to digital media, internet marketing and advertising continues to evolve. Social media marketing on social networking communities creates the ideal environment for marketers to target particular markets. Facebook provides many modes and resources for marketers to use its rich database. This study focuses on how marketers should use Facebook and if college students are worth marketing to. The study uses a sample of one hundred college students from a large, public university through a survey as well as six individual interviews to assess marketing’s effectiveness during their Facebook use. Suggestions for marketing through Facebook to reach college students and how to determine success are discussed.
Role of Angiotensin II in the Neural Control of Renal Function (2003)

The aim of the present study was to distinguish between the direct effects of the renal nerves on renal function and indirect effects via neurally mediated increased systemic angiotensin II. We applied low-level electrical stimulation (1 Hz) to the left renal nerves in pentobarbitone-anesthetized rabbits for 180 minutes and measured renal blood flow, sodium excretion, and urine flow rate from both the stimulated and the nonstimulated contralateral kidney in the presence and the absence of ACE inhibition (enalaprilat). Stimulation resulted in an angiotensin II-mediated rise in arterial pressure and decreases in renal blood flow, urine flow rate, and sodium excretion on the stimulated side. On the nonstimulated denervated side, we found no change in renal blood flow, but found a decrease in urine flow rate. With ACE inhibition, renal stimulation no longer caused an increase in arterial pressure, the antidiuretic responses of the stimulated kidney were attenuated, and, importantly, the decrease in urine flow rate on the nonstimulated kidney was completely abolished. We therefore propose that although a direct effect of the renal nerves on sodium excretion is clearly present, the antidiuresis and antinatriuresis observed during renal activation is further supported by a neurally mediated increase in systemic angiotensin II.
Cognitive interference management in 3G femtocells (2009)

We study a method of cognitive interference management in user-deployed 3G femtocell networks. Each femtocell cognitively recognizes an interference signature from the network environment and opportunistically allocates the proper channel patterns for interference minimization. Simulation results show great channel SINR improvement by implementing our opportunistic channel scheduler. The approach offers a novel view of autonomous spectrum management based on cognitive interference recognition and adaptive channel management.
Features of<i>Tri101</i>, the Trichothecene 3-<i>O</i>-Acetyltransferase Gene, Related to the Self-defense Mechanism in<i>Fusarium graminearum</i> (1998)

A structural gene of Tri101, which encodes trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase, was isolated as a 3-kb XhoI-XbaI fragment from the trichothecene producer Fusarium graminearum strain F15. The gene contained no introns, and the coding region was 0.7-kb downstream of a putative UTP-ammonia ligase gene which obviously is not related to the biosynthesis of trichothecenes. Tri101 was expressed when T-2 toxin was added, but this induction was not dependent on the expression level of Tri6, a transcription activator gene in the trichothecene biosynthetic and regulatory gene cluster.
Metabolic engineering of <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> ATCC 824 for increased solvent production by enhancement of acetone formation enzyme activities using a synthetic acetone operon (1993)

The ability to genetically alter the product-formation capabilities of Clostridium acetobutylicum is necessary for continued progress toward industrial production of the solvents butanol and acetone by fermentation. Batch fermentations at pH 4.5, 5.5, or 6.5 were conducted using C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (pFNK6). Plasmid pFNK6 contains a synthetic operon (the "ace operon") in which the three homologous acetone-formation genas (adc, ctfA, and ctfB) are transcribed from the adc promoter. The corresponding enzymes (acetoacetate decarboxylase and CoA-transferase) were best expressed in pH 4.5 fermentations. However, the highest levels of solvents were attained at pH 5.5. Relative to the plasmid-free control strain at pH 5.5, ATCC 824 (pFNK6) produced 95%, 37%, and 90% higher final concentrations of acetone, butanol, and ethanol, respectively; a 50% higher yield (g/g) of solvents on glucose; and a 22-fold lower mass of residual carboxylic acids. At all pH values, the acetone-formation enzymes were expressed earlier with ATCC 824 (pFNK6) than in control fermentations, leading to earlier induction of acetone formation. Furthermore, strain ATCC 824 (pFNK6) produced butanol significantly earlier in the fermentation and produced significant levels of solvents at pH 6.5. Only trace levels of solvents were produced by strain ATCC 824 at pH 6.5. Compared with ATCC 824, a plasmid-control strain containing a vector without the ace operon also produced higher levels of solvents [although lower than those of strain ATCC 824 (pFNK6)] and lower levels of acids. Strains containing plasmid-borne derivatives of the ace operon, in which either the acetoacetate decarboxylase or CoA-transferase alone were expressed at elevated levels, produced acids and solvents at levels similar to those of the plasmid-control strain.
Magnetic properties of polyvinyl alcohol-based composites containing iron oxide nanoparticles (1999)

This paper describes the magnetic behaviour of polymer nanocomposites containing nanoparticles (∽10 nm) of maghemite γ-Fe2O3 and magnetite Fe3O4 in a polyvinyl alcohol matrix. The compositions were synthesised using an original method of in situ preparation, the reaction of oxide formation taking place inside the polymer matrix itself. It is the one-domain-per-particle nature of magnetism in the given polymer nanocomposites that was found to be responsible for such a distinctive feature as superparamagnetism detected using Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetisation measurements. A giant negative magnetoresistance was found in the highly filled compositions. As far as we know, this is the first time that this effect has been observed in polymer composites based on ferrite nanoparticles. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic Expansions for Array Branching Processes with Applications to Bootstrapping (1998)

Asymptotic expansions are obtained for the distribution function of a studentized estimator of the offspring mean sequence in an array branching process with immigration. The expansion result is shown to hold in a test function topology. As an application of this result, it is shown that the bootstrapping distribution of the estimator of the offspring mean in a sub-critical branching process with immigration also admits the same expansion ( in probability ). From these considerations, it is concluded that the bootstrapping distribution provides a better approximation asymptotically than the normal distribution.
Convolutional Nets and Watershed Cuts for Real-Time Semantic Labeling of RGBD Videos (2014)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Methylation of HpaII and HhaI sites near the polymorphic CAG repeat in the human androgen-receptor gene correlates with X chromosome inactivation. (1992)

The human androgen-receptor gene (HUMARA; GenBank) contains a highly polymorphic trinucleotide repeat in the first exon. We have found that the methylation of HpaII and HhaI sites less than 100 bp away from this polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) correlates with X inactivation. The close proximity of the restriction-enzyme sites to the STR allows the development of a PCR assay that distinguishes between the maternal and paternal alleles and identifies their methylation status. The accuracy of this assay was tested on (a) DNA from hamster/human hybrid cell lines containing either an active or inactive human X chromosome; (b) DNA from normal males and females; and (c) DNA from females showing nonrandom patterns of X inactivation. Data obtained using this assay correlated substantially with those obtained using the PGK, HPRT, and M27 beta probes, which detect X inactivation patterns by Southern blot analysis. In order to demonstrate one application of this assay, we examined X inactivation patterns in the B lymphocytes of potential and obligate carriers of X-linked agammaglobulinemia.
Multifaceted inhibition of anti‐tumour imm_une mechanisms by soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type I (1998)

Soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type I (sTNFRI) is a potent inhibitor of TNF with the potential to suppress a variety of effector mechanisms important in tumour immunity. That sTNFRI influences tumour survival in vivo is suggested by results from human clinical trials of Ultrapheresis, an experimental extracorporeal treatment for cancer. While the considerable clinical benefit provided by Ultrapheresis is correlated with the removal of plasma sTNFRI, there is no direct evidence that sTNFRI inhibits immune mechanisms which mediate tumour cell elimination. To evaluate formally the ability of sTNFRI to inhibit these mechanisms, we have engineered sTNFRI production into the TNF-sensitive murine fibrosarcoma cell line, L929. Soluble TNFRI-secreting L929 cells display increased resistance to direct lysis by TNF, and to lysis by syngeneic lymphokine-activated killer cells and cytotoxic T cells. These findings confirm the suggestion that sTNFRI inhibits immunological mechanisms important in tumour cell eradication, and further support a role for sTNFRI in tumour survival in vivo. In addition, these observations suggest the development of methods for more specific removal and/or inactivation of sTNFRI as promising new avenues for cancer immunotherapy.
Investigation of silicon delta-doped gallium arsenide using the Shubnikov–de Haas effect and theoretical modeling (1994)

We report a detailed study of electron sub-band occupancies and saturation effects in silicon delta-doped gallium arsenide samples, using Hall and Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) measurements in conjunction with numerical modeling. This study extends previous work in two respects. First, the samples, produced by molecular beam epitaxy with a nominal delta doping density of 1×1013 cm−2, were examined over a wide range of growth temperature (395–710 °C) to allow the influence of broadening of the doping profile to be examined. Second, the numerical modeling method, based on a self-consistent solution of Poisson’s and Schrödinger’s equations, included directly the influence of DX-like donor levels, located at 200 meV above the conduction band edge. Excellent agreement with the individual sub-band occupancies determined by SdH was found for all samples up to a growth temperature of 605 °C, with the total silicon doping density kept constant and dopant broadening as the only adjustable parameter in the fit. Despite the evidence for inclusion of DX-like donor levels based on our modeling, all samples showed only a weak persistent photoconductivity effect. This is in contrast to uniformly doped bulk GaAs, indicating the different nature of the DX level in two and three dimensional doping. Above 605 °C it was not possible to model sub-band occupancies using a constant total doping density, showing that another deactivation mechanism such as autocompensation becomes important.
Evidence of Macrophage Foam Cell Formation by Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (2001)

VLDL receptor expression is upregulated during monocyte-macrophage differentiation. IFN-gamma inhibits VLDL receptor expression and foam cell formation only in macrophages. Remnant particles induce macrophage foam cell formation through the VLDL receptor pathway.
Diastereoisomeric four-coordinate complexes. VI. Paramagnetic nickel(II) complexes with four asymmetric ligand centers (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiastereoisomeric four-coordinate complexes. VI. Paramagnetic nickel(II) complexes with four asymmetric ligand centersR. E. Ernst, M. J. O'Connor, and R. H. HolmCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 21, 5735–5744Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01023a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01023a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polymer Solar Cells: Matrix Organization and Merit Factor Evaluation as a Method to Address the Challenge of Finding a Polymer Material for Roll Coated Polymer Solar Cells (Adv. Energy Mater. 10/2015) (2015)

In article number 1402186, Eva Bundgaard and co-workers present a large study via which a library of conjugated polymers is developed to identify lead candidates that are suitable for indium tin oxide (ITO)-free, flexible polymer solar cells that are fully printed under ambient conditions. Based on several characteristics, 13 lead candidates are found, out of the 104 synthesized polymers. The variation in light absorption (color) of the 104 synthesized polymers is shown on the cover. Cover picture by Markus Hösel.
Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy of Melanoma Targeting the Melanocortin 1 Receptor (2017)

Melanoma is a deadly disease at late metastatic stage, and early diagnosis and accurate staging remain the key aspects for managing melanoma. The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1 R) is overexpressed in primary and metastatic melanomas, and its endogenous ligand, the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH), has been extensively studied for the development of MC1 R-targeted molecular imaging and therapy of melanoma. Natural αMSH is not well suited for this purpose due to low stability in vivo. Unnatural amino acid substitutions substantially stabilized the peptide, while cyclization via lactam bridge and metal coordination further improved binding affinity and stability. In this study, we summarized the development and the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of the radiolabeled αMSH analogues, including <sup>99m</sup>Tc-, <sup>111</sup>In-, <sup>67</sup> Ga-, or <sup>125</sup>I-labeled αMSH analogues for imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography; <sup>68</sup>Ga-, <sup>64</sup>Cu-, or <sup>18</sup>F-labeled αMSH analogues for imaging with positron emission tomography; and <sup>188</sup>Re-, <sup>177</sup>Lu-, <sup>90</sup>Y-, or <sup>212</sup>Pb-labeled αMSH analogues for radionuclide therapy. These radiolabeled αMSH analogues showed promising results with high tumor uptake and rapid normal tissue activity clearance in the preclinical model of B16F1 and B16F10 mouse melanomas. These results highlight the potential of using radiolabeled αMSH analogues in clinical applications for molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy of melanoma.