gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modular protein expression by RNA<i>trans</i>-splicing enables flexible expression of antibody formats in mammalian cells from a dual-host phage display vector (2015)

A recently described dual-host phage display vector that allows expression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in mammalian cells bypasses the need for subcloning of phage display clone inserts to mammalian vectors for IgG expression in large antibody discovery and optimization campaigns. However, antibody discovery and optimization campaigns usually need different antibody formats for screening, requiring reformatting of the clones in the dual-host phage display vector to an alternative vector. We developed a modular protein expression system mediated by RNA trans-splicing to enable the expression of different antibody formats from the same phage display vector. The heavy-chain region encoded by the phage display vector is directly and precisely fused to different downstream heavy-chain sequences encoded by complementing plasmids simply by joining exons in different pre-mRNAs by trans-splicing. The modular expression system can be used to efficiently express structurally correct IgG and Fab fragments or other antibody formats from the same phage display clone in mammalian cells without clone reformatting.
Substantivity of sunscreens—preparation and evaluation of some quaternary ammonium benzophenone derivatives (1988)

Synopsis In continuation of previous studies on keratin-substantive sunscreens, two series of quaternary ammonium compounds, derived from 2,4-dihydroxy and from 4-hydroxybenzophenone and containing O-alkyl and N-alkyl chains of different length were prepared and submitted to substantivity tests on wool, to microbiological tests on two bacterial and two fungal species, and to tests for allergenicity/irritation on human skin. All compounds were rapidly adsorbed by wool in aqueous solution: as expected, the maximum amounts adsorbed at equilibrium (S(max)), indicative of the skin substantivity, were greatest for the C12 N-alkyl derivatives, and showed a progressive decrease with increasing length of the N-alkyl substituent. No substantial substantivity differences were detected in four C12 quaternary derivatives, differing by the presence (or absence) of a 2-OH group in the benzophenone moiety and by the length of the O-alkyl (n= 2 or 3) side chain. When tested for antimicrobial activity, however, only the 4-hydroxybenzophenone C12 quaternary derivatives showed an order of activity comparable with that of two reference compounds. The conditions leading to a maximal antibacterial activity in the present compounds appeared to be the absence of the 2-OH group, and a shorter O-alkyl side chain. None of the new quaternary derivatives showed skin-irritant properties. The results of this investigation, while confirming the peak substantivity of C12 quaternary derivatives, indicate the possibility of dissociating, in a quaternary ammonium sunscreen, the skin substantivity from other unwanted side-effects, and offer some guidelines for the development of safer agents of this type.
Development of a Simple and Low-Cost Olfactory Display for Immersive Media Experiences (2014)

Olfaction is an important perceptual function that is often neglected in immersive media (IM) and virtual reality (VR) applications. Because the effects of olfaction have not been researched as much as those of visual, auditory, or haptic senses, the effects of olfactory stimuli on IM experiences are mainly unexplored, largely unknown, and debatable in many examples. A major factor limiting olfaction research is the lack of olfactory display options. Commercial solutions are often inadequate and expensive. Prior research on olfactory displays is helpful, but pertinent details are normally missing, and the devices are often too complex to replicate. To address this issue, we have developed a simple, low-cost olfactory display by using inexpensive components and leveraging airflow for vaporization and scent delivery. In this paper, we detail the development of our display and describe an informal study evaluating its effectiveness.
Adaptive Scanning Using Pixel Similarity for H.264/AVC (2007)

In H.264/AVC, the quantized coefficients are scanned in a zigzag pattern. But the zigzag scanning is not always efficient for the directional spatial predictions in the intra coding of H.264/AVC. In this letter, we propose an adaptive scanning using the pixel similarity of the neighboring pixels to achieve enhanced intra coding performance. The proposed method reduces the bit rate approximately 2% compared with H.264/AVC without video quality degradation.
Quality manufacture beats quality control (2015)

Nanomaterials
For semiconductor nanocrystals, tight control over particle size is needed to obtain particles with uniform properties. However, post-synthesis purification methods can be difficult and costly. Hendricks et al. present a family of substituted thioureas as a class of chalcogen precursors (see the Perspective by Hens). The rate of reactivity is connected to the specific chemistry of the precursor, making it possible to synthesize metal chalcogenide nanocrystals, such as PbS, with a specific size, narrow size distribution, and full conversion of the reactants.

Science , this issue p. [1226][1]; see also p. [1211][2]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaa2951
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aab0866
Vision-based Lawn Boundary Recognition for Mowing Robot (2016)

We present a novel method for mowing robot's lawn boundary recognition based on Gabor filters and support vector machine (SVM). Robust texture features of images are extracted and concatenated using Gabor filters. The principle components analysis (PCA) approach is then used to reduce the dimensionality of Gabor features. Based on the compressed features, SVM model is trained and used to perform the grass texture classification task. The boundary of lawn is then recognized according to the ratio of grass area of the image. To demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed method, a dataset is created with about 1500 images of different lawn scenes. Result shows that a classification accuracy of 96.7% can be reached when SVM is used. Experiments of the lawn boundary recognition have also been conducted on the mowing robot under different lighting conditions. The recognition rate tested is 98.3%, which proves the efficiency and superiority of our proposed method.
Thermal transport of isotopic-superlattice graphene nanoribbons with zigzag edge (2009)

Thermal transport properties of isotopic-superlattice graphene nanoribbons with zigzag edge (IS-ZGNRs) are investigated. We find that by isotopic superlattice modulation the thermal conductivity of a graphene nanoribbon can be reduced significantly. The thermal transport property of the IS-ZGNRs strongly depends on the superlattice period length and the isotopic mass. As the superlattice period length decreases, the thermal conductivity undergoes a transition from decreasing to increasing. This unique phenomenon is explained by analyzing the phonon transmission coefficient. While the effect of isotopic mass on the conductivity is monotone. Larger mass difference induces smaller thermal conductivity. In addition, the influence of the geometry size is also discussed. The results indicate that isotopic superlattice modulation offers an available way for improving the thermoelectric performance of graphene nanoribbons.
Studies on Sperm Capacitation (II) (1973)

モルモット精子の成熟過程に伴う種々の生理化学的検討を行つた.未成熟精子と成熟精子において, 精子呼吸に関しては未成熟精子が, 嫌気的解糖に関しては成熟精子がより高い活性値を示し, 好気的medium中でのpreincubation後成熟精子に特異的な嫌気的解糖能の減退が認められ, また運動性に関しては雌性生殖路由来の物質の存在下で成熟精子は特に活発化した.一方acrosome reactionに対しては成熟過程に伴い反応性が増大することを認めた.
Gréation optique d'une inégalité de population entre les sous-niveaux Zeeman de l'état fondamental des atomes (1952)

Pas de Résumé disponible
Allais Paradox (1990)

THE ST PETERSBURG PARADOX AND THE BERNOULLIAN FORMULATION. Let there be a random prospect g1, …, gi, …, gn, …, p1, …, pi, …, pn (Σipi = 1) giving the probability pi of positive or negative gains gi.KeywordsMathematical ExpectationRandom ChoicePreference IndexRisk TheoryMonetary GainThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Deep Local Video Feature for Action Recognition (2017)

We investigate the problem of representing an entire video using CNN features for human action recognition. End-to-end learning of CNN/RNNs is currently not possible for whole videos due to GPU memory limitations and so a common practice is to use sampled frames as inputs along with the video labels as supervision. However, the global video labels might not be suitable for all of the temporally local samples as the videos often contain content besides the action of interest. We therefore propose to instead treat the deep networks trained on local inputs as local feature extractors. The local features are then aggregated to form global features which are used to assign video-level labels through a second classification stage. We investigate a number of design choices for this local feature approach. Experimental results on the HMDB51 and UCF101 datasets show that a simple maximum pooling on the sparsely sampled local features leads to significant performance improvement.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Overrides the Negative Effect of Reduced Dietary Energy on Gonadotropin Synthesis and Secretion in Ewes* (1991)

During prolonged periods of reduced dietary energy, there is a reduction in secretion of LH in females. To test the hypothesis that decreased secretion of LH is due to reduced secretion of GnRH, 18 ovariectomized ewes were fed either a low-energy diet (LOW, 60% of the National Research Council recommendations, n = 12) or a normal diet, (control, n = 6), for 127 days. Each ewe received basal levels (approximately 5 pg/ml) of estradiol via sc Silastic implants. After 127 days, serum concentrations of FSH and LH were reduced (P less than 0.05) by 63% and 77%, respectively in LOW ewes compared to control ewes. Pituitary concentrations of FSH and LH in LOW ewes also were reduced by 56% and 80%, respectively. Compared to levels in control ewes, concentrations of messenger RNAs for alpha-, FSH beta-, and LH beta-subunits were reduced by 75%, 76%, and 91%, respectively. Pulsatile administration of GnRH (250 ng/2 h) for three weeks to LOW ewes restored each of the parameters to levels not different from those in controls. By the end of the study, serum concentrations of GH in all LOW animals had risen dramatically, but not in control ewes. Therefore, it appears that exogenous GnRH is capable of restoring synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins in ewes receiving low-energy diets. These results provide support for the hypothesis that reduced dietary energy results in decreased secretion of GnRH.
[Isolation of unbalanced growth forms from Listeria and their ultrastructure]. (1985)

As the result of the action of penicillin, LiCl and UV irradiation on Listeria culture in the logarithmic phase, unbalanced growth forms (UGF) were obtained. Their viability was determined by the number of colony-forming units per ml. In this investigation the action of the above factors in a single cultivation and in consecutive subcultures was studied. Viable UGF were obtained under the action of all the above factors. UGF obtained under the action of penicillin were found to convert easily into L-forms in the process of subculturing. On the contrary, UGF obtained under the action of UV irradiation and LiCl produced no L-forms and reverted easily when the action of these factors stopped. In all three cases the formation of UGF was accompanied by changes in the structure of the cell wall and, partially, the cytoplasmic membrane, but in each case these changes had different character.
Value Prediction and Speculative Execution on GPU (2010)

GPUs and CPUs have fundamentally different architectures. It is conventional wisdom that GPUs can accelerate only those applications that exhibit very high parallelism, especially vector parallelism such as image processing. In this paper, we explore the possibility of using GPUs for value prediction and speculative execution: we implement software value prediction techniques to accelerate programs with limited parallelism, and software speculation techniques to accelerate programs that contain runtime parallelism, which are hard to parallelize statically. Our experiment results show that due to the relatively high overhead, mapping software value prediction techniques on existing GPUs may not bring any immediate performance gain. On the other hand, although software speculation techniques introduce some overhead as well, mapping these techniques to existing GPUs can already bring some performance gain over CPU. Based on these observations, we explore the hardware implementation of speculative execution operations on GPU architectures to reduce the software performance overheads. The results indicate that the hardware extensions result in almost tenfold reduction of the control divergent sequential operations with only moderate hardware (5–8%) and power consumption (1–5%) overheads.
An Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Leukocyte Tyrosine Kinase Chimeric Receptor Generates Ligand-dependent Growth Signals through the Ras Signaling Pathway (1995)

Leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the insulin receptor family. LTK is mainly expressed in pre B cells and brain. Previously we cloned the full-length cDNA of human LTK, but no ligands have so far been identified, and hence, very little is known about the physiological role of LTK. To analyze the function of the LTK kinase, we constructed chimeric receptors composed of the extracellular domain of epidermal growth factor receptor and the transmembrane and the cytoplasmic domains of LTK and established cell lines that stably express these chimeric molecules. When cultured in medium containing EGF, growth of these cell lines was stimulated, and these fusion proteins became autophosphorylated and associated with Shc in vivo in a ligand-dependent manner. By treatment with EGF, Shc was associated with the Grb2/Ash-Sos complex. Our analyses demonstrate that LTK associates with Grb2/Ash through an internal adaptor, Shc, depending on a ligand stimulation. The LTK binding site for Shc was tyrosine 862 at the carboxyl-terminal domain and to a lesser extent tyrosine 485 at the juxtamembrane domain. Both of them are located in NP/AXY motif which is consistent with binding sites for Shc. These findings demonstrate that LTK can activate the Ras pathway in a ligand-dependent manner and that at least one of the functions of this kinase is involved in the cell growth.
A re-examination of practical scalability limits of n-channel and p-channel MOS devices for VLSI (1981)

The device performance of scaled n-channel and p-channel MOS devices is theoretically examined in detail down to 0.2 µm gate length including all of the major effects such as source/ drain series resistance, mobility degradation due to both parallel and perpendicular fields, and inversion layer capacitance under three different scaling schemes which are based on different power supply scenarios. From the degradation factor of triode gain and drain saturation current, the relative contribution of each parasitic effect on device performance degradation has been examined. Based on these calculations, some modifications to straightforward scaling are considered.
A language facility for designing database-intensive applications (1980)

TAXIS, a language for the design of interactive information systems (e.g., credit card verification, student-course registration, and airline reservations) is described. TAXIS offers (relational) database management facilities, a means of specifying semantic integrity constraints, and an exception-handling mechanism, integrated into a single language through the concepts of class, property , and the IS-A (generalization) relationship . A description of the main constructs of TAXIS is included and their usefulness illustrated with examples.
Investigations on Severity Level for Diabetic Maculopathy Based on the Location of Lesions (2017)

The macula is the part of the eye that helps to provide us with our central vision. Diabetic Maculopathy is when the macula sustains some form of dames. DM is a blurring of one central vision. In this paper we have proposed algorithm for macula on retinal images by using fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm. The pre-processing stages of macula detection including image resizing, noise removal is performed. Feature extraction based on gray level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) techniques is implemented. Finally the retinal images and classification is developed using FCM classifier and CNN classifier.
An efficient priority mechanism for token-ring networks (1994)

In a token-ring local area network it is important to have minimum delay at each station. One-bit-delay is the minimum possible delay a ring station may have. It can be achieved only if every received bit is transmitted with no change or its outgoing value is determined independently of its incoming value and the incoming values of subsequent bits. The paper introduces the distributed priority mechanism for token-rings as approved by the IEEE-802.5 standard. In this scheme, the token is accompanied by a priority field P and a reservation field R, that work together in an attempt to match the service priority of the ring to that of the most urgent waiting message. It is shown that due to the computation restrictions imposed by the one-bit-delay requirements, the scheme may require up to 7 round-trips in order to reduce P to R. This may lead to loss of bandwidth and starvation at stations with low priority data. The paper presents a new priority mechanism and proves its correctness. The new mechanism retains the desired properties of the standard protocol: it ensures fairness and can be executed by the stations with one-bit-delay. In the new mechanism at most one round-trip is required in order to reduce P to R. This increases the ring throughput and enables low-priority PDUs to get service when PDUs with higher priorities do not exist.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differential Involvement of BB Loops of Toll-IL-1 Resistance (TIR) Domain-Containing Adapter Proteins in TLR4- versus TLR2-Mediated Signal Transduction (2005)

TLRs sense pathogens and transmit intracellular signals via the use of specific adapter proteins. We designed a set of "blocking peptides" (BPs) comprised of the 14 aa that correspond to the sequences of the BB loops of the four known Toll-IL-1 resistance (TIR) domain-containing adapter proteins (i.e., MyD88, TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-beta (TRIF), TRIF-related adapter molecule (TRAM), and TIR-domain containing adapter protein (TIRAP)) linked to the cell-penetrating segment of the antennapedia homeodomain. LPS (TLR4)-mediated gene expression, as well as MAPK and transcription factor activation associated with both MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling pathways, were disrupted by all four BPs (TRAM approximately MyD88 > TRIF > TIRAP), but not by a control peptide. In contrast, none of the BPs inhibited TLR2-mediated activation of MAPKs. Only the MyD88 BP significantly blocked Pam3Cys-induced IL-1beta mRNA; however, the inhibitory effect was much less than observed for LPS. Our data suggest that the interactions required for a fully functional TLR4 signaling "platform" are disrupted by these BPs, and that the adapter BB loops may serve distinct roles in TLR4 and TLR2 signalosome assembly.
Proximal Methods for Sparse Hierarchical Dictionary Learning (2010)

The migration of photoinitiators, phthalates and plasticizers from two paper and cardboard materials into food simulants (50% and 95% EtOH and Tenax) and foodstuffs (rice, cereals and milk powder) was studied. In the case of liquid simulants migration was observed to reach the equilibrium after 60 min and depended on the material type and the physicochemical parameters of the migrants, whereas the temperature (room temperature and 60 °C) did not show significant effects. The study of migration of the compounds from a baking paper to Tenax at high temperatures (150 and 250 °C) evidenced an increment of migration when increasing temperature, except for the most volatile analytes. Finally, the migration to foodstuffs was studied using fully validated analytical protocols. Overall, the comparison of the migration rates demonstrated that Tenax was adequate for the simulation of the migration to rice and cereals, but underestimated the migration to infant milk powder, for which 95% EtOH resulted a more suitable simulant.
PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS IN ADULTS (1994)

Primary malignant brain tumors account for 2 percent of all cancers in U.S. adults. The most common malignant brain tumor is glioblastoma multiforme, and patients with this type of tumor have a poor prognosis. Previous exposure to high-dose ionizing radiation is the only proven environmental risk factor for a brain tumor. Primary brain tumors are classified based on their cellular origin and histologic appearance. Typical symptoms include persistent headache, seizures, nausea, vomiting, neurocognitive symptoms, and personality changes. A tumor can be identified using brain imaging, and the diagnosis is confirmed with histopathology. Any patient with chronic, persistent headache in association with protracted nausea, vomiting, seizures, change in headache pattern, neurologic symptoms, or positional worsening should be evaluated for a brain tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred initial imaging study. A comprehensive neurosurgical evaluation is necessary to obtain tissue for diagnosis and for possible resection of the tumor. Primary brain tumors rarely metastasize outside the central nervous system, and there is no standard staging method. Surgical resection of the tumor is the mainstay of therapy. Postoperative radiation and chemotherapy have improved survival in patients with high-grade brain tumors. Recent developments in targeted chemotherapy provide novel treatment options for patients with tumor recurrence. Primary care physicians play an important role in the perioperative and supportive treatment of patients with primary brain tumors, including palliative care and symptom control.
Deep Learning based Pneumonia detection using X-Ray (2020)

Pneumonia has been one of the diseases that affect the lungs and within a short period of time, due to the accumulation of fluid in lungs patients may experience shortage of breath resulting in death. So the early diagnosis is important for helping the patients. This paper focuses on the detection of pneumonia by x-ray imaging and using a model trained by using convolutional neural networks. In this paper the deep learning architecture for the classification task, which is trained with modified images, through multiple steps of preprocessing? Our classification method uses convolutional neural networks for classifying the images. The trained model yields an accuracy of 96%.