gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Migration and welfare (1994)

Migrants accout for an increasing proportion of unemployed people in Europe, and their economic position is deteriorating in many countries. Non‐European refugees face the biggest risk of unemployment and welfare dependence. This, in turn, affects their health and wellbeing. Assessing and meeting the need for health care and social welfare for these vulnerable individuals is a challenge to health care, social services and to the public in host countries. Mainstream facilities should be the base, but transitional culturally sensitive programs may have many advantages as complements. Ethnically specific public services should not be regarded as a privilege for certain groups but as a measure to protect minorities from hidden discrimination. There is great complexity in migratory flows as well as in the responses of recipient countries. This generates opportunities for comparative research programs focusing on intercultural encounters and adaptation processes. Joint effort are essential to initiate collaborative research.
FPGA Implementation and Analysis of Random Delay Insertion Countermeasure against DPA (2008)

Security devices can reveal critical information about the cryptographic key from the power consumption of their circuits. Differential Power Analysis (DPA) is one of the most effective power analysis techniques. In recent years numerous countermeasures against the DPA attack of hardware implementations of security algorithms have been proposed. In this paper, we investigate the Random Delay Insertion (RDI) countermeasure. Previous research has evaluated RDI for microprocessor implementations; however, its security properties in relation to hardware implementations have not been investigated in detail. We prove both theoretically and practically that it is an effective technique on FPGA devices and we propose a set of critical parameters that can be utilized to optimize a security algorithm design with RDI in terms of area, speed and power. In this work, we implement the first hardware security architecture with RDI on an FPGA device, and attack it using DPA. It is shown that RDI is an efficient countermeasure technique on FPGA in comparison to other countermeasures.
Sensitive bistable magnetic sensors using twisted amorphous magnetostrictive ribbons due to Matteucci effect (1982)

New sensitive magnetic-field sensors are presented using twisted amorphous magnetostrictive ribbons such as Fe80B20 and Fe81−xCrxB17Si2. Sharp voltage pulses are induced between ends of the ribbon of as short as 25 mm or at the terminals of the detecting coil against external fields of as low as 1 Oe and 0.01 Hz–6 kHz. The domain nucleation field at the bistable flux reversal is very constant for 130 °C, 600 h using Fe79Cr2B17Si2, and a possible maximum operating temperature is about 180 °C. Small sized magnetic sensors without any windings for detecting rotational speed, distance, and other mechanical quantities are realized using the twisted ribbons by combining with small magnets. These sensitive and reliable magnetic sensors with digital outputs are suitable for applications in industrial robots and automobiles controlled with microcomputers.
Genetically Programmable Pathogen Sense and Destroy (2013)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major cause of urinary tract and nosocomial infections. Here, we propose and demonstrate proof-of-principle for a potential cell therapy approach against P. aeruginosa. Using principles of synthetic biology, we genetically modified E. coli to specifically detect wild type P. aeruginosa (PAO1) via its quorum sensing (QS) molecule, 3OC 12 HSL. Engineered E. coli sentinels respond to the presence of 3OC 12 HSL by secreting CoPy, a novel pathogen-specific engineered chimeric bacteriocin, into the extracellular medium using the flagellar secretion tag FlgM. Extracellular FlgM-CoPy is designed to kill PAO1 specifically. CoPy was constructed by replacing the receptor and translocase domain of Colicin E3 with that of Pyocin S3. We show that CoPy toxicity is PAO1 specific, not affecting sentinel E. coli or the other bacterial strains tested. In order to define the system's basic requirements and PAO1-killing capabilities, we further determined the growth rates of PAO1 under different conditions and concentrations of purified and secreted FlgM-CoPy. The integrated system was tested by co-culturing PAO1 cells, on semisolid agar plates, together with engineered sentinel E. coli, capable of secreting FlgM-CoPy when induced by 3OC 12 HSL. Optical microscopy results show that the engineered E. coli sentinels successfully inhibit PAO1 growth.
N-halogeno compounds. Part 9. N-Fluoroquinuclidinium fluoride—a new electrophilic fluorinating agent (1988)

N-Fluoroquinuclidinium fluoride, prepared in high yield by treatment of a cold, dilute solution of quinuclidine in trichlorofluoromethane with fluorine at low pressure in a specially designed, virtually all glass vacuum system, acts as a site-selective electrophilic fluorinating agent towards carbanionic substrates [PhCNa(CO2Et)2→ PhCF(CO2Et)2; Me2CLiNO2→ Me2CFNO2; RMgX → RF (R = Ph, X = Br; R = c-C6H11, X = Cl); [graphic omitted]H2→ [graphic omitted]HF; PhSiCl3/F–(in situ)→ PhF].
Randomised clinical trial: a liquid multi-strain probiotic vs. placebo in the irritable bowel syndrome - a 12 week double-blind study (2014)

The multi-strain probiotic was associated with a statistically significant improvement in overall symptom severity in patients with IBS, and was well tolerated. These results suggest this probiotic confers benefit in IBS and deserves further investigation (ISRCTN identifier: 77512412).
Leukocyte procoagulant activity in man: an <i>in vitro</i> correlate of delayed-type hypersensitivity. (1982)

Human mononuclear leukocytes generate cell-bound procoagulant activity (LPCA) after incubation with an antigen (mumps or tuberculin) to which the donor was previously sensitized. An inhibitor of coagulation appears to be liberated into the extracellular culture fluid during incubation of leukocytes with the sensitizing antigen. Removal of this activity before measuring LPCA resulted in a reliable test that correlated directly with delayed skin reactivity. The assay was particularly sensitive in that cells from weakly sensitized donors who reacted only to high doses of tuberculin (100 TU) in the delayed skin tests produced detectable LPCA in vitro. By contrast cells from weakly sensitized donors did not react to PPD in the lymphocyte blast transformation test or the direct macrophage migration inhibition factor test. The LPCA assay correlated closely with the blast transformation and MIF tests in which cells were used from more strongly sensitized donors who reacted in skin tests with lower doses of tuberculin (1 or 10 TU). The assays were antigen-specific in that cells from donors sensitive to mumps antigen but not to tuberculin reacted only to mumps antigen in vitro. The assay was extremely reproducible; cells from individual donors reacted to the same extent over a period of 8 mo). We propose that the assay system reported here represents an improved method for the measurement of cell-mediated immunity in vitro because it requires fewer donor cells, is technically simpler, and is more sensitive than previously described methods.
A note on the asymptotic properties of orthogonal polynomials (1939)

Let \[/(u) be a function non-decreasing in the interval (0, 1) such that all the moments
Decision feedback equalization in time-varying frequency-selective channels (2003)

Decision feedback equalizers (DFEs) for time-varying frequency-selective channels are proposed. The channel estimator explicitly models the time variation of the channel taps via polynomials and the feedforward/feedback filter (FFF/FBF) taps of the DFE are computed from the time-varying channel impulse response estimate. In fast fading channels, as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases, the proposed DFE structure outperforms the per-survivor processing (PSP) based MLSD receiver which employs the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm for channel estimation.
From herbals to Hotbot: the development of journal indexing (2001)

ABSTRACT The development of journal indexing since the early alphabetical tables to scientific works, culminating in current sophisticated cumulations, is traced. Standards for preparing indexes which have gradually evolved to cope with the increase in volume and complexity of the literature are described.
Annular-Ring and Circular-Disc Microstrip Antennas with &amp; without Air Gaps (2006)

A systematic study is first presented on the impedance bandwidth characteristics of the first few modes of the annular ring and the circular disc microstrip antennas. It is then established, both experimentally & theoretically, that the resonant frequencies can be tuned and the bandwidths widened by introducing an adjustable air gap between the substrate and the ground plane.
Producing Super-Hydrophobic Surfaces with Nano-Silica Spheres (2003)

Abstract Polycrystalline alumina substrates were dip-coated in dilute suspensions formed with dispersed, nano-silica particles. The fractional surface coverage of the alumina substrate was varied between ≈ 0.05 to ≈ 0.4 by changing concentration of particles in the silica slurry. After a heat treatment to partially sinter the particles to the surface, the surface was made hydrophobic by a reaction with a solution containing fluorosilane molecules. Wetting measurements showed that the contact angle between the surface and water droplets increased with decreasing area coverage of nano-silica spheres, consistent with a previous theory, modified here to include the pressure of the water droplet. The modification of the theory predicts that the super-hydrophobic effect disappears when the particles become too widely spaced, causing the pressure of the water droplet to spontaneously wet the substrate.
THE MOVEMENT OF EXOGENOUS PROTEIN IN EXPERIMENTAL CEREBRAL EDEMA An electron microscopic study after freeze-injury (1971)

Journal Article The Movement of Exogenous Protein in Experimental Cerebral Edema An electron microscopic study after freeze-injury Get access R. N. Baker, M.D., R. N. Baker, M.D. Los Angeles, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. A. Cancilla, M.D., P. A. Cancilla, M.D. Los Angeles, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. S. Pollock, M.D., P. S. Pollock, M.D. Los Angeles, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. P. Frommes, B.S. S. P. Frommes, B.S. Los Angeles, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, Volume 30, Issue 4, October 1971, Pages 668–679, https://doi.org/10.1097/00005072-197110000-00010 Published: 01 October 1971
Vaccination with DNA encoding internal proteins of influenza virus does not require CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes: either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells can promote survival and recovery after challenge (2000)

DNA vaccination offers the advantages of viral gene expression within host cells without the risks of infectious virus. Like viral vaccines, DNA vaccines encoding internal influenza virus proteins can induce immunity to conserved epitopes and so may defend the host against a broad range of viral variants. CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have been described as essential effectors in protection by influenza nucleoprotein (NP), although a lesser role of CD4(+) cells has been reported. We immunized mice with plasmids encoding influenza virus NP and matrix (M). NP + M DNA allowed B6 mice to survive otherwise lethal challenge infection, but did not protect B6-beta(2)m(-/-) mice defective in CD8(+) CTL. However, this does not prove CTL are required, because beta(2)m(-/-) mice have multiple immune abnormalities. We used acute T cell depletion in vivo to identify effectors critical for defense against challenge infection. Since lung lymphocytes are relevant to virus clearance, surface phenotypes and cytolytic activity of lung lymphocytes were analyzed in depleted animals, along with lethal challenge studies. Depletion of either CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells in NP + M DNA-immunized BALB/c mice during the challenge period did not significantly decrease survival, while simultaneous depletion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells or depletion of all CD90(+) cells completely abrogated survival. We conclude that T cell immunity induced by NP + M DNA vaccination is responsible for immune defense, but CD8(+) T cells are not essential in the active response to this vaccination. Either CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells can promote survival and recovery in the absence of the other subset.
A Simple Device for Dependent Compression Mammography (1977)

The authors describe an inexpensive device which displaces the dependent breast from the chest wall for optimum and uniform compression of breast tissue during mammography. Exposure is reduced, detail is enhanced, and superimposed structures are spread out. The filming time is about five minutes, and repeat or additional views are rarely necessary. The authors feel that by using this device, they have not missed any posterior lesions in more than 10 years of use. Even dense breasts are adequately visualized with this technique.
1064 nm near‐infrared multichannel Raman spectroscopy of fresh human lung tissues (2005)

Abstract Raman spectra of fresh human lung tissues without any treatment such as freezing and/or formalin fixation were successfully recorded on a near‐infrared multichannel Raman system developed in our laboratory. It was confirmed that 1064 nm excitation was a requisite for the Raman study of fresh lung tissues; excitation at 785 nm failed to detect any Raman bands because of an extremely high fluorescence background. The observed Raman spectra of lung tissues made a clear distinction between the normal and cancerous states. We also succeeded in obtaining high signal‐to‐noise ratio Raman spectra of coagulated blood and carbon matter engulfed in the lung by scavenger cells. These results demonstrate the feasibility of 1064 nm near‐infrared multichannel Raman spectroscopy for in vivo , non‐invasive and molecular‐level clinical diagnosis of diseases including cancers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of Fetal Antigens in Tumor Cells (1972)

The activities of sera that reacted specifically with the specific cell-surface antigens of polyoma or simian virus 40 tumors could only be inhibited by absorption of the sera with tumor cells transformed by the specific virus, and could not be removed by the absorption with cells from various fetal tissues nor with cells from other tumors. In contrasts, the antisera produced in male C3H/HeN mice by inoculation of irradiated, syngeneic fetal tissue of 1- to 2-weeks gestation, reacted with various tumor cells. The activities of these sera, when tested against cells from tumors induced by polyoma virus or simian virus 40, could also be removed by absorption with cells from tumors induced by viruses other than polyoma or simian virus 40, including leukemia cells induced by Gross virus (C58NT)D, Rauscher virus (RBL-5), and by dimethylbenzanthrene (EL. 4), and cells from mammary tumors (MM102), plasma-cell tumors (MPC-113), and fetal tissues. These results indicated that fetal antigens may be expressed in tumor cells, but they are different from tumor-specific antigens that are specific for a particular tumor or for tumors induced by a particular virus.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise and Convenient Synthesis of DL‐proto‐Quercitol and DL‐gala‐ Quercitol via Ene Reaction of Singlet Oxygen Combined with (2 + 4) Cycloaddition to Cyclohexadiene. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparative deposition of inhaled aerosols in experimental animals and humans: A review (1985)

The biological effects of inhaled aerosols are often related to their site(s) of deposition within the respiratory tract. However, deposition patterns may differ between humans and those experimental animals commonly used in inhalation toxicology studies, making cross-species risk extrapolations difficult. This paper reviews the factors that control deposition and synthesizes much of the available data on comparative regional deposition.
Shock-wave propagation and cavitation bubble oscillation by Nd:YAG laser ablation of a metal in water (2004)

A highly sensitive fiber-optic sensor based on optical beam deflection is applied for investigating the propagation of a laser-induced plasma shock wave, the oscillation of a cavitation bubble diameter, and the development of a bubble-collapse-induced shock wave when a Nd:YAG laser pulse is focused upon an aluminum surface in water. By the sequence of experimental waveforms detected at different distances, the attenuation properties of the plasma shock wave and of the bubble-collapse-induced shock wave are obtained. Besides, based on characteristic signals, both the maximum and the minimum bubble radii at each oscillation cycle are determined, as are the corresponding oscillating periods.
Digitized RF-over-fiber technique as an efficient solution for wideband wireless OFDM delivery (2012)

1 -GHz bandwidth OFDM signal at 10-GHz is transmitted error-free using digitized RF- over-fiber with 4-bit ADC resolution and 4-Gbps optical data rate. Better-linearity, longer- distance, lower-received power, and simpler BS are achieved in comparison with analog RoF.
Raw vs. Cooked Data (1973)

"Not just data — reality" [IBM AD.]Before the evolution of the art of medical practice into clinical science, the acceptance of medical opinions depended on the prestige and position of the person who voiced them. The "Herr Professor" of the community needed only indicate that his personal observations led him to a particular conclusion to have that conclusion accepted. The wisdom and experience of the leading specialists was considered to be the best possible basis for a proper technical judgment. It was assumed that only somebody with the expert's unique qualifications was in a position to know and understand . . .
HYBRID ALGORITHMS FOR THE CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION PROBLEM (1993)

It might be said that there are five basic tree search algorithms for the constraint satisfaction problem (csp), namely, naive backtracking (BT), backjumping (BJ), conflict‐directed backjumping (CBJ), backmarking (BM), and forward checking (FC). In broad terms, BT, BJ, and CBJ describe different styles of backward move (backtracking), whereas BT, BM, and FC describe different styles of forward move (labeling of variables). This paper presents an approach that allows base algorithms to be combined, giving us new hybrids. The base algorithms are described explicitly, in terms of a forward move and a backward move. It is then shown that the forward move of one algorithm may be combined with the backward move of another, giving a new hybrid. In total, four hybrids are presented: backmarking with backjumping (BMJ), backmarking with conflict‐directed backjumping (BM‐CBJ), forward checking with backjumping (FC‐BJ), and forward checking with conflict‐directed backjumping (FC‐CBJ). The performances of the nine algorithms (BT, BJ, CBJ, BM, BMJ, BM‐CBJ, FC, FC‐BJ, FC‐CBJ) are compared empirically, using 450 instances of the ZEBRA problem, and it is shown that FC‐CBJ is by far the best of the algorithms examined.
Evaluation of Immunoassay Methods for Detection, in Urine, of Drugs Subject to Abuse (1974)

Abstract Results for abused drugs in urine, as obtained by radioimmunoassay (RIA), the "Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique" ("EMIT"), and hemagglutination inhibition (HI), were compared with each other, with fluorimetry, and with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The immunoassays and fluorimetric methods were highly sensitive (30 µg/liter to 2 mg/ liter). Cross-reactivity (lack of specificity) varied with the method tested and the drug, ranging from no reaction to one exceeding that of the assay drug. The percentage of false positives for the immunoassays in comparison to TLC ranged from 3 to 31. The practical level of sensitivity for TLC, however, was only 1-5 mg/liter. False negatives were less than 2%. With the EMIT system (for those drug assays for which it is used), the total percentage of false values (negative and positive) ranged from 5 to 13. All the immunoassays were reliable within the limitations of the assay, relatively easy to use, did not require sample treatment, and several hundred samples could be analyzed during an 8-h period; but the cost was moderate to high, depending upon assay or sample volume. Judicious use of immunochemistry, spectrofluorimetry, and thin-layer chromatography to the detection of psychoactive drugs in urine permits rapid, reliable, and effective surveillance of drug use or abuse.
1-Gb/s Transmission Over a Phosphorescent White LED by Using Rate-Adaptive Discrete Multitone Modulation (2012)

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which will be increasingly used in lighting technology, will also allow for distribution of broadband optical wireless signals. Visible-light communication (VLC) using white LEDs offers several advantages over the RF-based wireless systems, i.e., license-free spectrum, low power consumption, and higher privacy. Mostly, optical wireless can provide much higher data rates. In this paper, we demonstrate a VLC system based on a white LED for indoor broadband wireless access. After investigating the nonlinear effects of the LED and the power amplifier, a data rate of 1 Gb/s has been achieved at the standard illuminance level, by using an optimized discrete multitone modulation technique and adaptive bit- and power-loading algorithms. The bit-error ratio of the received data was <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$1.5\cdot 10^{-3}$</tex></formula> , which is within the limit of common forward error correction (FEC) coding. These results twice the highest capacity that had been previously obtained.
Synthesis and characterization of bifunctional ion-exchange/coordination resins (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of bifunctional ion-exchange/coordination resinsSpiro D. Alexandratos, Donna R. Quillen, and Marie E. BatesCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 6, 1191–1196Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00172a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00172a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts