gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification, Properties, and N-Terminal Amino Acid Sequences of Guar Gum-degrading Enzyme from<i>Bacillus circulans</i>K-l (1997)

A guar gum-degrading enzyme of the newly isolated Bacillus circulans K-1 was purified to an electrophoretically homogeneous state. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 62,000 by SDS-PAGE. The purified enzyme was separated into a least six isozymes by isoelectric focusing and the pI of these isozymes were 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.8, 6.0, and 6.2, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the typical three of these proteins were all the same, Ala-Ser-Gly-Phe-Tyr-Val-Ser-Gly-Thr-Lys-Leu-Asp-Ala-Thr-Gly-Gln-Pro-Phe- Val- Met-Arg. The enzyme was most active at pH 6.9 and at 64 degrees C. The enzyme was activated slightly by Al3+ and inhibited strongly by Sn2+ and Zn2+, N-bromosuccinimide, 2-mercaptoethanol, and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid.
Mobile agents for adaptive routing (2002)

This paper introduces AntNet, a new routing algorithm for telecommunication networks. AntNet is an adaptive, distributed, mobile-agents-based algorithm which was inspired by recent work on the ant colony metaphor. We apply AntNet in a datagram network and compare it with both static and adaptive state-of-the-art routing algorithms. We ran experiments for various paradigmatic temporal and spatial traffic distributions. AntNet showed both very good performances and robustness under all the experimental conditions with respect to its competitors.
Personalized Coverage of Large Athletic Events (2010)

This article presents a platform that lets users direct their own coverage of large athletic events, letting them set up their own virtual director and orchestrate event viewing according to their preferences.
Análisis asistencial de la prestación dental infantil de Andalucía (PADA) en una clínica concertada (2012)

espanolCon la instauracion de la prestacion dental infantil en Andalucia (PADA) se suscito una gran polemica entre los profesionales del sector debido a la forma de pago por capitacion, por la inclusion de las cohortes nacidas en los anos 94/95 fuera de la edad prevista por la Administracion para esta forma de pago; por lo que se presuponia se podria presentar una patologia a tratar que desbordaria la capacidad de las consultas concertadas, con lo que la rentabilidad seria catastrofica. Pretendemos aportar los datos clinicos suficientes para acabar con la controversia creada de una forma razonada. Toda la patologia presentada es asumible y cada vez es posible reducirla mas, si aplicamos un programa de educacion sanitaria sostenible y eficaz siendo capaces de conseguir una implicacion certera de los profesionales, los pacientes y de sus padres Y/o tutores, consiguiendo de esta forma que el programa sea totalmente rentable para todas las partes implicadas. EnglishWith the introduction of child dental provision in Andalusia (PADA) was raised much controversy among professionals in the sector due to the capitation payment, the inclusion of cohorts born in the 94/95 years of age were provided by the Authority for this payment, so it could be assumed to treat a pathology that would exceed the capacity of concerted consultations so that profitability would be catastrophic. We aim to provide sufficient clinical data to end the controversy in a reasonable manner, all pathology presented is acceptable and it is becoming possible to reduce it more if we apply a program of sustainable and effective health education to be able to get accurate involvement of professionals patients and their parents / guardians, thus achieving the program is fully profitable for all parties involved.
Highly Active Dizinc Catalyst for the Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide and Cyclohexene Oxide at One Atmosphere Pressure (2008)

Zink statt Druck: Der neuartige Dizinkkomplex 1 eines makrocyclischen Liganden vermittelt die Copolymerisation von Kohlendioxid und Cyclohexenoxid mit erstaunlicher Aktivität – selbst wenn der CO2-Druck nur 1 atm beträgt. (TON und TOF sind die Umsatzzahl bzw. -frequenz.) Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Haemophilus influenzae Gene That Encodes a Membrane Bound 3-Deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic Acid (Kdo) Kinase (1999)

The lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae contains a single 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) residue derivatized with either a phosphate or an ethanolamine pyrophosphate moiety at the 4-OH position. In previous studies, we identified a kinase unique to H. influenzae extracts that phosphorylates Kdo-lipid IV(A), a key precursor of lipopolysaccharide in this organism. We have now identified the gene encoding the Kdo kinase by using an expression cloning approach. A cosmid library containing random DNA fragments from H. influenzae strain Rd was constructed in Escherichia coli. Extracts of 472 colonies containing individual hybrid cosmids were assayed for Kdo kinase activity. A single hybrid cosmid directing expression of the kinase was found. The kinase gene was identified by activity assays, sub-cloning, and DNA sequencing. When the putative kinase gene was expressed in E. coli behind a T7 promoter, massive overproduction of kinase activity was achieved ( approximately 8000-fold higher than in H. influenzae membranes). The catalytic properties and the product generated by the overexpressed kinase, assayed with Kdo-lipid IV(A) as the substrate, were the same as observed with H. influenzae membranes. Unexpectedly, the kinase gene was identical to a previously characterized open reading frame (orfZ), which had been shown to be important for establishing bacteremia in an infant rat model (Hood, D. W., Deadman, M. E., Allen, T., Masoud, H., Martin, A., Brisson, J. R., Fleischmann, R., Venter, J. C., Richards, J. C., and Moxon, E. R. (1996) Mol. Microbiol. 22, 951-965). However, based solely on the genome sequence of H. influenzae Rd, no biochemical function had been assigned to the product of orfZ, which we now designate kdkA ("Kdo kinase A"). Although Kdo phosphorylation may be critical for bacterial virulence of H. influenzae, it does not appear to be required for growth.
A role for Na <sup>+</sup> ‐dependent Ca <sup>2+</sup> extrusion in protection against neuronal excitotoxicity (1989)

The hypothesis that Na+-dependent calcium extrusion is important in protecting against neuronal excitotoxicity was tested. In cocultures of embryonic rat hippocampal neurons and mouse neuroblastoma hybrid (NCB-20) cells, calcium ionophore A23187 (1 microM) or high levels of extracellular K+ killed hippocampal neurons selectively, leaving NCB-20 cells unscathed. Hippocampal neurons showed large, sustained rises in intracellular calcium in response to A23187 or K+, whereas NCB-20 cells showed only transient calcium responses. The ability of NCB-20 cells to reduce the calcium load and to survive exposure to A23187 or K+ were dependent on extracellular Na+, suggesting that an active Na+/Ca2+ exchange mechanism was important in protecting against cell death. Finally, removal of extracellular Na+ reduced the threshold for glutamate neurotoxicity in hippocampal neurons, demonstrating the importance of Na+/Ca2+ exchange in protecting against excitotoxicity. Taken together, these findings suggest that differences in cell calcium-regulating systems may determine whether a neuron lives or degenerates in the face of an excitatory challenge.
Novel figure of merit to compare fibers in coherent detection systems with uncompensated links (2011)

We introduce an improved fiber figure of merit (FoM) in order to compare different fiber types used in uncompensated links for transmission of coherently-received modulation formats. The role of fiber dispersion in enhancing system performance is shown and verified by simulations and experiments, confirming the need for the inclusion of dispersion parameter in a FoM definition allowing to compare fiber types with relevant different dispersion parameters. Applicability of the proposed FoM has been demonstrated for channel spacing from the Nyquist limit up to 5/3 the symbol rate.
The allergenicity of ovomucoid and the effect of its elimination from hen's egg white (2001)

Abstract In order to remove the ovomucoid from hen's egg white, chitin and hydrazide polystyrene beads were used as affinity ligands with 8.9 and 7.1 mg trypsin g −1 ligand respectively. Ovomucoid was successfully depleted using the trypsin affinity column without hydrolysation of the other egg white constituents. The components of the egg white were purified by high‐performance liquid chromatography, and then the allergenicity of each of these components was compared with that of pooled human serum derived from patients who are allergic to hen's eggs. The importance of using pure protein for studies of the allergenicity of egg white is highlighted, and it was determined (using an enzyme‐immunosorbent assay) that ovomucoid and ovalbumin are major allergenic proteins in egg white. The ovomucoid‐eliminated egg white preparation exhibited significantly less IgE‐binding activity than normal egg white. The ovomucoid‐specific IgE antibodies may have important implications with regard to the egg‐allergic reaction in humans. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
A Unified Rolling Shutter and Motion Blur Model for 3D Visual Registration (2013)

Motion blur and rolling shutter deformations both inhibit visual motion registration, whether it be due to a moving sensor or a moving target. Whilst both deformations exist simultaneously, no models have been proposed to handle them together. Furthermore, neither deformation has been considered previously in the context of monocular full-image 6 degrees of freedom registration or RGB-D structure and motion. As will be shown, rolling shutter deformation is observed when a camera moves faster than a single pixel in parallax between subsequent scan-lines. Blur is a function of the pixel exposure time and the motion vector. In this paper a complete dense 3D registration model will be derived to account for both motion blur and rolling shutter deformations simultaneously. Various approaches will be compared with respect to ground truth and live real-time performance will be demonstrated for complex scenarios where both blur and shutter deformations are dominant.
Ultra scale‐down studies of the effect of shear on cell quality; Processing of a human cell line for cancer vaccine therapy (2009)

Whole cell therapy is showing potential in the clinic for the treatment of many chronic diseases. The translation of laboratory-scale methods for cell harvesting and formulation to commercial-scale manufacturing offers major bioprocessing challenges. This is especially the case when the cell properties determine the final product effectiveness. This study is focused on developing an ultra scale-down method for assessing the impact of the hydrodynamic environment on human cells that constitute the therapeutic product. Small volumes of a prostate cancer cell line, currently being developed in late phase II clinical trials as an allogeneic whole cell vaccine therapy for prostate cancer, were exposed to hydrodynamic shear rates similar to those present in downstream process, formulation and vial filling operations. A small scale rotating disc shear device (20 mL) was used over a range of disc speeds to expose cells to maximum shear rates ranging from 90 x 10(3) to 175 x 10(3) s(-1) (equivalent maximum power dissipation rates of 14 x 10(3) to 52 x 10(3) W kg(-1)). These cells were subsequently analyzed for critical cell quality attributes such as the retention of membrane integrity and cell surface marker profile and density. Three cell surface markers (CD9, CD147, and HLAA-C) were studied. The cell markers exhibited different levels of susceptibility to hydrodynamic shear but in all cases this was less than or equal to the loss of membrane integrity. It is evident that the marker, or combination or markers, which might provide the required immunogenic response, will be affected by hydrodynamic shear environment during bioprocessing, if the engineering environment is not controlled to within the limits tolerated by the cell components.
Event-related Brain Potentials: A Window on Information Processing in Schizophrenia (1988)

The application of the P300 component of the event-related brain potential to the study of attentional impairment in schizophrenia is discussed, and two recent studies are described. In one, the relative effects on P300 of stimulus modality and probability were evaluated. The data showed that the P300 is smaller in schizophrenic patients relative to normal controls for low-probability auditory stimuli. Next is described a preliminary report that evaluated whether this P300 reduction reflects a core deficit (trait marker) or clinical symptomatology (state marker). To pursue this question, a group of schizophrenic patients was studied on and off neuroleptic medication. The data showed that improvement in clinical state was highly correlated with increased visual P300 but was uncorrelated with auditory P300. These findings suggest that P300 elicited in the visual modality has the characteristics of a state marker of schizophrenia. In contrast, auditory P300 remains a candidate for a vulnerability trait marker of schizophrenia. The core deficit in schizophrenia thus appears to involve the auditory information-processing system, whereas fluctuations in clinical state may be reflected in the visual processing system.
Neuromodulation for Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction – An Update (2007)

The aim of this review is to provide an update on the use of neuromodulation using sacral nerve stimulation for the treatment of disorders of the lower urinary tract. Neuromodulation using the InterStim system (Medtronic Inc.) is now accepted as an established therapeutic option for patients with detrusor overactivity, and for women with retention or severe voiding difficulties. However, the use of nerve stimulation in modulating lower urinary tract function has to be regarded as a technique that is in its infancy. Much has yet to be learned about the mechanism by which neuromodulation exerts its effects and there is a need to better define the clinical indications for the treatment. There is also work to be done in terms of optimising stimulation delivery, both in anatomical and electronic terms.
Reducing collisions between bluetoioth piconets by orthogonal hop set partitioning (2004)

This paper proposes a novel orthogonal hop set partitioning (OHSP) scheme aimed at reducing the collisions between piconets at the hop level, by partitioning the original Bluetooth hop band into five orthogonal sub-hop sets. To support OHSP, an orthogonal hop set construction method and enhanced synthesizer structures are presented. In each piconet, the master randomly and independently chooses on of five orthogonal sub-hop sets, and informs its decision to all slaves within the same piconet. Simulation results show that under the best combination of sub-hop set selection, OHSP improves system throughput by more than 10% over the original Bluetooth single hop set scheme.
Feedback stabilization using two-hidden-layer nets (1992)

The representational capabilities of one-hidden-layer and two-hidden-layer nets consisting of feedforward interconnections of linear threshold units are compared. It is remarked that for certain problems two hidden layers are required, contrary to what might be in principle expected from the known approximation theorems. The differences are not based on numerical accuracy or number of units needed, nor on capabilities for feature extraction, but rather on a much more basic classification into direct and inverse problems. The former correspond to the approximation of continuous functions, while the latter are concerned with approximating one-sided inverses of continuous functions, and are often encountered in the context of inverse kinematics determination or in control questions. A general result is given showing that nonlinear control systems can be stabilized using two hidden layers, but not, in general, using just one.
Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of a Water Soluble Drug: Zidovudine (2010)

The present investigation was undertaken to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of a hydrophilic drug Zidovudine (an anti-human immunodeficiency viral agent) and improve the entrapment efficiency of the drug in SLN. The SLN were prepared with stearic acid by process of w/o/w double-emulsion solvent-evaporation method using 3(2) factorial design. Different triglycerides alone and in different combinations, with/without stearic acid were used to prepare SLN using similar procedure. Two operating variables, polyvinyl alcohol concentration and amount of lipid were found to have significant effect on the particle size and entrapment efficiency (EE) of the SLN. The maximum EE was found to be ca. 27% with particle size of 621 nm which was significantly higher than that reported earlier. The optimized batch was also analyzed for its morphological, physiochemical and drug release properties. EE of batches with triglycerides were significantly less than that achieved with stearic acid alone. This work indicates the possible advantage of fatty acids over triglycerides in the entrapment of hydrophilic drugs in SLN.
Using a light-emitting diode as a high-speed, wavelength selective photodetector (1998)

A light-emitting diode (LED) can function as a wavelength selective photodetector. To evaluate the potential for a LED-based photodetector, we have investigated the stationary and temporal characteristics of two kinds of LEDs: a Zn-doped InGaN blue LED and a GaAlAs red LED. The application of a high current produced two peaks on the emission spectra of the blue LED, at 380 and 450 nm. The extinction profile of the blue LED was consistent with its UV-emission profile. The red LED showed an emission peak at 660 nm and an extinction peak at 620 nm. The LED-based photodetector responded within nanoseconds of the onset of the light impulse. The application of a reverse bias to the LED caused the time spread of the output current wave form to decrease dramatically and was accompanied by an increase in peak height. At a 75 V reverse bias, the resultant pulse widths were 2.6 ns in the blue LED and 7.4 ns in red LED.
Giant isotope effect in hot electron degradation of metal oxide silicon devices (1998)

A giant isotope effect of hot electron degradation was found by annealing and passivating integrated circuits of recent complementary metal oxide silicon (CMOS) technology with deuterium instead of hydrogen. In this paper, we summarize our experience and present new results of secondary ion mass spectroscopy that correlate deuterium accumulation with reduced hot electron degradation. We also present a first account of the physical theory of this effect with a view on engineering application and point toward rules of current and voltage scaling as obtained from this theory.
Predicting Travel Times for the South Jersey Real-Time Motorist Information System (2003)

A dynamic travel-time prediction model was developed for the South Jersey (southern New Jersey) motorist real-time information system. During development and evaluation of the model, the integration of traffic flow theory, measurement and application of collected data, and traffic simulation were considered. Reliable prediction results can be generated with limited historical real-time traffic data. In the study, acoustic sensors were installed at potential congested places to monitor traffic congestion. A developed simulation model was calibrated with the data collected from the sensors, and this was applied to emulate traffic operations and evaluate the proposed prediction model under time-varying traffic conditions. With emulated real–time information (travel times) generated by the simulation model, an algorithm based on Kalman filtering was developed and applied to forecast travel times for specific origin-destination pairs over different periods. Prediction accuracy was evaluated by the simulation model. Results show that the developed travel-time predictive model demonstrates satisfactory performance.
Autophagy plays a protective role during zVAD-induced necrotic cell death (2008)

The aim of this study is to examine the role of autophagy in cell death by using a well-established system in which zVAD, a pan-caspase inhibitor, induces necrotic cell death in L929 murine fibrosarcoma cells. First, we observed the presence of autophagic hallmarks, including an increased number of autophagosomes and the accumulation of LC3-II in zVAD-treated L929 cells. Since the presence of such autophagic hallmarks could be the result of either increased flux of autophagy or blockage of autophagosome maturation (lysosomal fusion and degradation), we next tested the effect of rapamycin, a specific inhibitor for mTOR, and chloroquine, a lysosomal enzyme inhibitor, on zVAD-induced cell death. To our surprise, rapamycin, known to be an autophagy inducer, blocked zVAD-induced cell death, whereas chloroquine greatly sensitized zVAD-induced cell death in L929 cells. Moreover, similar results with rapamycin and chloroquine were also observed in U937 cells when challenged with zVAD. Consistently, induction of autophagy by serum starvation offered significant protection against zVAD-induced cell death, whereas knockdown of Atg5, Atg7 or Beclin 1 markedly sensitized zVAD-induced cell death in L929 cells. More importantly, Atg genes knockdown completely abolished the protective effect of serum starvation on zVAD-induced cell death. Finally, we demonstrated that zVAD was able to inhibit lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B activity, and subsequently blocked autophagosome maturation. Taken together, in contrast to the previous conception that zVAD induces autophagic cell death, here we provide compelling evidence suggesting that autophagy serves as a cell survival mechanism and suppression of autophagy via inhibition of lysosomal function contributes to zVAD-induced necrotic cell death.
Associations of cortical astrogliosis with cognitive performance and dementia status (2005)

We examined 204 decedents of the autopsy component of the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, a longitudinal cohort study, who had been clinically assessed for dementia. A sensitive ELISA technique was used to quantify glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker for astrogliosis, in four specific cortical brain regions and assess associations between GFAP and 1) a measure of cognitive function, 2) several clinical dementia conditions, and 3) neuritic plaque (NP) and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation. Cognitive function was inversely associated with GFAP in the occipital, parietal and temporal lobes, but not in the frontal lobe. This relationship remained significant when the contribution of NP and NFT counts was removed. Further, compared to brain samples from non-demented individuals, significantly greater GFAP levels were found in samples from individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, mixed dementia, and vascular mediated dementia. Because elevated levels of GFAP reflect astroglial responses to even subtle forms of neural damage, our data indicate that increments in GFAP may provide independent, supporting evidence for the damage underlying dementia, even in the absence of other evidence of neuropathology such as the presence of NPs or NFTs. Our findings underscore the need to look beyond standard neuropathological measures putatively linked to specific neuropathological conditions in efforts to identify common cellular and molecular processes that contribute to dementia.