gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sign Language Structure (1980)

The designation has been used for a wide variety of semi­ otic systems ranging from the expression of emotions in men and animals (24) to the transmission and reception of genuinely linguistic structures. Sign language is a misnomer, however, when such structures result from spoken language processing up to the point where gestured signs replace the vocal output. The kind of sign language research reviewed here contem­ plates human cultural systems in which not just the output signal but also the processes for forming words and sentences operate without any connec­ tion to speech or sound. Sign languages of this kind are used for interaction by members of deaf populations as spoken languages are used by those who can hear. Other sign languages may more or less completely and unambigu­ ously mediate general or special interaction (6, 7, 57, 87), but these are generally learned and used by persons already competent in some spoken language, and hence they differ from sign languages acquired as their native languages by persons who cannot hear speech and by children of deaf parents (82). Research reviewed here is primarily or entirely concerned with sign languages of deaf populations, and in what follows it is these languages that will be meant by the term languages. Reasons for studying sign languages and the results of such research also show wide variety. Earliest to emerge was educational research: from 1880 when a congress of educators in Milan decided that deaf children should see and use no sign language in their educational experience, incredible as this may seem to those unacquainted with the rise of oralism (2, 25, 40). Recent research reveals the inevitable effect on children who cannot hear of depriving them of sign language (23); it also strongly indicates the use of bilingual strategies (16, 21). In another direction, sign language research has helped focus new consideration of the origins and evolution of language
Quantum size effects in GaAs/GaAs<i>x</i>P1−<i>x</i> strained-layer superlattices (1984)

We report the first observations of quantum size effects in GaAs/GaAs0.5P0.5 strained-layer superlattices (SLS’s). Using excitation and photoluminescence spectroscopies, we have observed optical transitions between excited states of the electron and hole quantum wells. These observations provide a measure of the biaxial compressive strain in the GaAs layers, interfacial roughness, and valence-band offset for the GaAs/GaP heterojunction.
What Are the Reference Needs of Whole Language Teachers? (1994)

Closely related to resouce-based teaching is the whole language concept. Naylor, Emdad, and Ward relate whole language to the refernce process in the school media center as they present their view or model of a whole language librarian. In so doing, they discuss three related proposals or propositions to contemplate: selection as part of the larger process of inquiry; books as the basis for discussion and meaning making; and the media center serving as a model of a democratic community. They pose numerous thought-provoking questions related to this new model. And then they conclude that becoming a whole langugage librarian requires not only rejecting uniformity in learning and testing, but the acceptance of a total paradigm shift, as well as a need for constantly recreating the librarian's role.
Handwriting recognition-the last frontiers (2002)

The last frontiers of handwriting recognition are considered to have started in the last decade of the second millennium. The paper summarizes (a) the nature of the problem of handwriting recognition, (b) the state of the art of handwriting recognition at the turn of the new millennium, and (c) the results of CENPARMI researchers in automatic recognition of handwritten digits, touching numerals, cursive scripts, and dates formed by a mixture of the former 3 categories. Wherever possible, comparable results have been tabulated according to techniques used, databases, and performance. Aspects related to human generation and perception of handwriting are discussed. The extraction and usage of human knowledge, and their incorporation into handwriting recognition systems are presented. Challenges, aims, trends, efforts and possible rewards, and suggestions for future investigations are also included.
TopBP1 Mediates Mutant p53 Gain of Function through NF-Y and p63/p73 (2011)

Nearly half of human cancers harbor p53 mutations, which can promote cancerous growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. The gain of function of mutant p53 is partly mediated by its ability to form a complex with NF-Y or p63/p73. Here, we demonstrate that TopBP1 mediates these activities in cancer, and we provide both in vitro and in vivo evidence to support its role. We show that TopBP1 interacts with p53 hot spot mutants and NF-YA and promotes mutant p53 and p300 recruitment to NF-Y target gene promoters. TopBP1 also facilitates mutant p53 interaction with and inhibition of the transcriptional activities of p63/p73. Depletion of TopBP1 in mutant p53 cancer cells leads to downregulation of NF-Y target genes cyclin A and Cdk1 and upregulation of p63/p73 target genes such as Bax and Noxa. Mutant p53-mediated resistance to chemotherapeutic agents depends on TopBP1. The growth-promoting activity of mutant p53 in a xenograft model also requires TopBP1. Thus, TopBP1 mediates mutant p53 gain of function in cancer. Since TopBP1 is often overexpressed in cancer cells and is recruited to cooperate with mutant p53 for tumor progression, TopBP1/mutant p53 interaction may be a new therapeutic target in cancer.
Neonatal Chylothoraces: A 10-Year Experience in a Tertiary Neonatal Referral Centre (2019)

Neonatal chylothorax is uncommon, but affected neonates require high healthcare utilisation.
Evidence for the participation of superoxide anion radical in altering the adhesive interaction between granulocytes and endothelium, in vivo. (1982)

The aim of this study was to characterize granulocyte behaviour, in venules, after enzymatic generation of free radicals on the surface of the hamster cheek pouch and to elucidate the role of superoxide anion radical (O2-), H2O2 and hydroxyl radical in these changes. A decrease in granulocyte velocity, which was dissociated from a concomitant increase in red cell velocity, was found while granulocyte rolling frequency and granulocyte adhesion increased in the venules studied. These alterations in granulocyte behaviour could be completely inhibited by superoxide dismutase, an enzymatic scavenger of O2-, but not by catalase, which decomposes H2O2 or by L-methionine which may scavenge OH. and quench singlet O2. Our results are consistent with the concept than an O2-dependent lipid hydroperoxide generated on the hamster cheek pouch by the xanthine oxidase system markedly alters granulocyte behaviour in vivo.
A Bacterial Inhibitor of Host Programmed Cell Death Defenses Is an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase (2005)

The Pseudomonas syringae protein AvrPtoB is translocated into plant cells, where it inhibits immunity-associated programmed cell death (PCD). The structure of a C-terminal domain of AvrPtoB that is essential for anti-PCD activity reveals an unexpected homology to the U-box and RING-finger components of eukaryotic E3 ubiquitin ligases, and we show that AvrPtoB has ubiquitin ligase activity. Mutation of conserved residues involved in the binding of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes abolishes this activity in vitro, as well as anti-PCD activity in tomato leaves, which dramatically decreases virulence. These results show that Pseudomonas syringae uses a mimic of host E3 ubiquitin ligases to inactivate plant defenses.
Adaptive optics for control of the laser welding process (2013)

The laser head with fixed focus optics is commonly used for the deep penetration laser welding. In such case the geometry and position of the beam waist are defined by the focusing lens. If the laser beam incident on the focusing lens is not well collimated but divergent and its divergence can be varied by proper adaptive optical elements, then also the geometry and position of the focus will be changeable. In this way it is possible to affect the energy coupling from the laser beam to the keyhole walls and thus to control the geometry and quality of the weld. In this paper we present a theoretical and numerical study of the beam shaping by adaptive optics and its influence on the weld quality. For the CO2 laser welding machine the adaptive optics was realized by a deformable mirror and itsti’ect was tested also experimentally. For the solid-state laser welding machine we designed a laser head with changeable distance between the optical fiber and the collimating lens and we simulated its performance.
A Priori Phase Prediction of Zeolites:  Case Study of the Structure-Directing Effects in the Synthesis of <b>MTT</b>-Type Zeolites (2007)

This study first uses molecular modeling to examine the structure-directing effects of small amines that are selective for the crystallization of MTT-type zeolite phases. The optimized van der Waals interactions of these small amines are compared within the one-dimensional pore zeolites with the MTT, TON, and MTW frameworks. From these results and our previous molecular modeling studies of structure-directing agents (SDA) for MTT-type zeolites, a large number of amines or quaternary ammonium molecules are successfully predicted to be selective for MTT phases. These molecules were chosen by matching the crystallographic periodicity of the pore structure with the distances between the centers of branched groups in these molecules. These molecules vary in length and in the number of branched moieties, and a few of these molecules are polymeric or oligomeric. In test cases where the distances between the branched groups are not multiples of the pore periodicity, with few exceptions these molecules usually do not produce MTT phases. Finally, we discuss the inorganic conditions necessary for crystallization of MTT phases in borosilicate preparations with some of the diamines in this investigation.
A prototype real-time dose distribution monitoring system using plastic scintillators connected to optical fiber for interventional radiology (2013)

Interventional radiology (IVR) is a medical subspecialty of radiology to realize image-guided surgical procedures using imaging modalities, such as X-ray fluoroscopy. Recently, monitoring of skin dose is desired at clinical sites to reduce skin injuries by excessive X-ray exposure during the IVR procedures. We proposed a real-time dose distribution monitoring system for IVR. Some scintillation detectors which consist of low stopping power materials, such as plastic scintillators, are placed on a stretchable cap which can be worn by the patient. Scintillation light is fed to photo detectors outside the FOV through plastic optical fibers. This arrangement means that there are only radiolucent materials in the FOV and the proposed dose monitor does not interfere with the IVR procedure. As a result, the proposed monitor realizes real-time monitoring of the dose distribution on the patient's skin. We are developing a prototype of the proposed system which consists of three X-ray detectors. Each X-ray detector consists of a square-shaped plastic scintillator (BC400), optical fiber and photodiode. Dimensions of the plastic scintillator are 10.0 mm x 10.0 mm x 1.0 mm. A corner of the plastic scintillator is cut and connected to the plastic optical fiber (Eska GH4001) which has a 1.0 mm diameter and 1.5 m length. The scintillation photons are transported to a silicon photodiode (S1337-66BQ, Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.) through the optical fiber Each photodiode output is independently fed to a current-to-voltage conversion amplifier and measured with a 16ch multi function DAQ (NI USB-6351, National instruments) and displayed in real-time by LabView-based software. We conducted evaluation experiments of detector performance with the micro CT apparatus operating in the projection mode. The experimental results indicated that the proposed dose monitoring system could measure real-time dose distribution with at least a 1 s interval.
Next-generation sequencing reveals DGUOK mutations in adult patients with mitochondrial DNA multiple deletions (2012)

The molecular diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders still remains elusive in a large proportion of patients, but advances in next generation sequencing are significantly improving our chances to detect mutations even in sporadic patients. Syndromes associated with mitochondrial DNA multiple deletions are caused by different molecular defects resulting in a wide spectrum of predominantly adult-onset clinical presentations, ranging from progressive external ophthalmoplegia to multi-systemic disorders of variable severity. The mutations underlying these conditions remain undisclosed in half of the affected subjects. We applied next-generation sequencing of known mitochondrial targets (MitoExome) to probands presenting with adult-onset mitochondrial myopathy and harbouring mitochondrial DNA multiple deletions in skeletal muscle. We identified autosomal recessive mutations in the DGUOK gene (encoding mitochondrial deoxyguanosine kinase), which has previously been associated with an infantile hepatocerebral form of mitochondrial DNA depletion. Mutations in DGUOK occurred in five independent subjects, representing 5.6% of our cohort of patients with mitochondrial DNA multiple deletions, and impaired both muscle DGUOK activity and protein stability. Clinical presentations were variable, including mitochondrial myopathy with or without progressive external ophthalmoplegia, recurrent rhabdomyolysis in a young female who had received a liver transplant at 9 months of age and adult-onset lower motor neuron syndrome with mild cognitive impairment. These findings reinforce the concept that mutations in genes involved in deoxyribonucleotide metabolism can cause diverse clinical phenotypes and suggest that DGUOK should be screened in patients harbouring mitochondrial DNA deletions in skeletal muscle.
Design and Testing of Regulatory Cassettes for Optimal Activity in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscles (2010)

Gene therapy for muscular dystrophies requires efficient gene delivery to the striated musculature and specific, high-level expression of the therapeutic gene in a physiologically diverse array of muscles. This can be achieved by the use of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors in conjunction with muscle-specific regulatory cassettes. We have constructed several generations of regulatory cassettes based on the enhancer and promoter of the muscle creatine kinase gene, some of which include heterologous enhancers and individual elements from other muscle genes. Since the relative importance of many control elements varies among different anatomical muscles, we are aiming to tailor these cassettes for high-level expression in cardiac muscle, and in fast and slow skeletal muscles. With the achievement of efficient intravascular gene delivery to isolated limbs, selected muscle groups, and heart in large animal models, the design of cassettes optimized for activity in different muscle types is now a practical goal. In this protocol, we outline the key steps involved in the design of regulatory cassettes for optimal activity in skeletal and cardiac muscle, and testing in mature muscle fiber cultures. The basic principles described here can also be applied to engineering tissue-specific regulatory cassettes for other cell types.
Combined IEEE compliant and truncated floating point multipliers for reduced power dissipation (2002)

Truncated multiplication can be used to significantly reduce power dissipation for applications that do not require correctly rounded results. This paper presents a power efficient method for designing floating point multipliers that can perform either correctly rounded IEEE compliant multiplication or truncated multiplication, based on an input control signal. Compared to conventional IEEE floating point multipliers, these multipliers require only a small amount of additional area and delay, yet provide a significant reduction in power dissipation for applications that do not require IEEE compliant results.
H.264 compressed video classification using Histogram of Oriented Motion Vectors (HOMV) (2013)

In this paper, we have proposed a simple and effective approach to classify H.264 compressed videos, by capturing orientation information from the motion vectors. Our major contribution involves computing Histogram of Oriented Motion Vectors (HOMV) for overlapping hierarchical Space-Time cubes. The Space-Time cubes selected are partially overlapped. HOMV is found to be very effective to define the motion characteristics of these cubes. We then use Bag of Features (BOF) approach to define the video as histogram of HOMV keywords, obtained using k-means clustering. The video feature, thus computed, is found to be very effective in classifying videos. We demonstrate our results with experiments on two large publicly available video database.
A Study on the Segmentation of Speech Signal into Phonemic Units (1991)

This paper suggests a segmentation method of speech signal into phonemic units. The suggested segmentation system is speaker-independent and performed without anyprior information of speech signal. In segmentation process, we first divide input speech signal into purevoiced region and not pure voiced speech regions. After then we apply the second algorithm which segments each region into the detailed phonemic units by using the voiced detection parameters, i.e., the time variation of 0th LPC cepstrum coefficient parameter and the ZCR parameter. Types of speech, used to prove the availability of segmentation algorithm suggested in this paper, are the vocabulary composed of isolated words and continuous words. According to the experiments, the successful segmentation rate for 507 phonemic units involved in the total vocabulary is 91.7%.
Basic reactions of osteoblasts on structured material surfaces (2005)

In order to assess how bone substitute materials determine bone formation in vivo it is useful to understand the mechanisms of the material surface/tissue interaction on a cellular level. Artificial materials are used in two applications, as biomaterials alone or as a scaffold for osteoblasts in a tissue engineering approach. Recently, many efforts have been undertaken to improve bone regeneration by the use of structured material surfaces. In vitro studies of bone cell responses to artificial materials are the basic tool to determine these interactions. Surface properties of materials surfaces as well as biophysical constraints at the biomaterial surface are of major importance since these features will direct the cell responses. Studies on osteoblastlike cell reactivity towards materials will have to focus on the different steps of protein and cell reactions towards defined surface properties. The introduction of new techniques allows nowadays the fabrication of materials with ordered surface structures. This paper gives a review of present knowledge on the various stages of osteoblast reactions on material surfaces, focused on basic cell events under in vitro conditions. Special emphasis is given to cellular reactions towards ordered nano-sized topographies.
Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Davranışsal Ağrı Ölçeği ile Hastaların Ağrı Durumlarının Değerlendirilmesi (2011)

Amaç: Çalışmamız yoğun bakım ünitesinde mekanik ventilatöre bağlı olan hastalarda ağrı durumunu ve etkileyen faktörleri incelemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak gerçekleştirildi. Ge reç ve Yön tem ler: İstanbul’daki bir kalp eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde yatan hastalardan basit rastlantısal yöntemle seçilen, yoğun bakım ünitesinde mekanik ventilatöre bağlı 67 hasta ile yapılmıştır. Kurumdan yazılı izin alınmıştır. Veri toplama aracı alarak “Davranışsal Ağrı Ölçeği”, hastalık, tedavi ve demografik bilgileri içeren anket formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS programında değerlendirilmiştir. İstatistik yöntemi olarak %, frekans dağılımları, t testi ve Mann-Whtney-U testleri kullanılmıştır. Bul gu lar: %37.3’ü (25) 61-70 ,%17.9’u (12) 51-60 yaşları arasında olan hastaların %50.7’si (34) erkek, %49.3’ü (33) kadın. Davranışsal ağrı ölçeği puan ortalamaları 4.04 ± 1.77 olan hastaların %26.9’u (18) ağrı tedavisi için analjezik kullanırken, %73.1’i analjezik kullanmamaktadır. Ayrıca, %97’sine (65) ağrı için nonfarmakolojik yöntemler hemşireler tarafından uygulanmaktadır. Analjezik kullanma durumuna göre DAÖ’den aldıkları puanları karşılaştırdığımızda anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir. Analjezik kullananların DAÖ puanları daha yüksektir. (p &amp;lt; 0.05). So - nuç: Hastaların çoğunluğuna ağrıyı kontrol etmek için en az bir farmakolojik yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Mekanik ventilasyonlu hastalarda ağrı durumu göz ardı edilmemeli, yoğun bakım hemşireleri tarafından düzenli olarak değerlendirilmelidir.
An Interactive Platform to Simulate Dynamic Pricing Competition on Online Marketplaces (2017)

E-commerce marketplaces are highly dynamic with constant competition. While this competition is challenging for many merchants, it also provides plenty of opportunities, e.g., by allowing them to automatically adjust prices in order to react to changing market situations. For practitioners however, testing automated pricing strategies is time-consuming and potentially hazardously when done in production. Researchers, on the other side, struggle to study how pricing strategies interact under heavy competition. As a consequence, we built an open continuous time framework to simulate dynamic pricing competition called Price Wars. The microservice-based architecture provides a scalable platform for large competitions with dozens of merchants and a large random stream of consumers. Our platform stores each event in a distributed log. This allows to provide different performance measures enabling users to compare profit and revenue of various repricing strategies in real-time. For researchers, price trajectories are shown which ease evaluating mutual price reactions of competing strategies. Furthermore, merchants can access historical marketplace data and apply machine learning. By providing a set of customizable, artificial merchants, users can easily simulate both simple rule-based strategies as well as sophisticated data-driven strategies using demand learning to optimize their pricing strategies.
Miniature Camera for Enhanced Visualization for Single-Port Surgery and NOTES (2012)

The miniature laparoscopic camera provides adequate images with enhanced visibility in conventional laparoscopic, SPS, and NOTES procedures. We believe that this device or similar miniature cameras may greatly aid the future development of NOTES and SPS by enhancing the safety and ease of performing these procedures. Further development is being conducted in order to integrate this camera into standard instruments and to allow an even better image quality.