gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Results of the WMT17 Metrics Shared Task (2017)

This paper presents the results of the WMT17 Metrics Shared Task. We asked participants of this task to score the outputs of the MT systems involved in the WMT17 news translation task and Neural MT training task. We collected scores of 14 metrics from 8 research groups. In addition to that, we computed scores of 7 standard metrics (BLEU, SentBLEU, NIST, WER, PER, TER and CDER) as baselines. The collected scores were evaluated in terms of system-level correlation (how well each metric's scores correlate with WMT17 official manual ranking of systems) and in terms of segment level correlation (how often a metric agrees with humans in judging the quality of a particular sentence).
Toward Broadband Reverse Saturable Absorption: Investigating the Impact of Cyclometalating Ligand π-Conjugation on the Photophysics and Reverse Saturable Absorption of Cationic Heteroleptic Iridium Complexes (2017)

The synthesis, photophysics and reverse saturable absorption of a series of bis-cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes Ir(C∧N)2L·PF6, where L = 3,8-bis[9,9-di(2-ethylhexyl)-9H-fluoren-2-yl]-1,10-phenanthroline and C∧N = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy, 1), 2-phenylquinoline (pqu, 2), 1-phenylisoquinoline (piq, 3), 2-phenylbenzo[g]quinoline (pbq, 4), and 2,3-diphenylbenzo[g]quinoxaline (dpbq, 5), are reported. By gradually increasing the π-conjugation along the pyridine or pyrazine ring of the C∧N ligands, the energies of the lowest singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excited states are significantly reduced, as reflected by the pronouncedly red-shifted charge transfer absorption bands at >450 nm and the emission band(s) in their UV–vis absorption and emission spectra, respectively. Additionally, our density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the natures of the S1 and T1 states vary with the increased π-conjugation of the C^N ligands, with the S1 state changing from the exclusive 1LLCT (ligand-to-ligand charge transfer)/1MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) transitions in 1–3 to the predominant 1ILCT (intraligand charge transfer)/1π,π*/1MLCT/1LLCT transitions in 4 and 5, and with the T1 state being altered from the predominant ligand L based 3ILCT or 3ILCT/3π,π* nature in 1 and 2, respectively, to the C∧N ligand-localized 3π,π*/3MLCT/3ILCT parentage in 3–5. All complexes exhibit broad and positive transient absorption (TA) in the visible to the near-IR region (ca. 430–800 nm) upon nanosecond laser excitation at 355 nm. However, the TA spectral features and the triplet lifetimes vary dramatically from 1 to 5, reflecting the different natures of the T1 states when the degree of π-conjugation of the C∧N ligands increases. Our nonlinear transmission experiments demonstrate moderate to strong reverse saturable absorption (RSA) for 1–5 for nanosecond laser pulses at 532 nm. The relative strength of the RSA follows the trend 1 > 3 > 2 > 4 > 5. Our joined experimental and computational studies manifest that judicious choice of the C∧N ligand with appropriate π-conjugation is an effective approach to obtain Ir(III) complexes with desired photophysical properties for reverse saturable absorbers.
A Reliability-Based Method to Sensor Data Fusion (2017)

Multi-sensor data fusion technology based on Dempster-Shafer evidence theory is widely applied in many fields. However, how to determine basic belief assignment (BBA) is still an open issue. The existing BBA methods pay more attention to the uncertainty of information, but do not simultaneously consider the reliability of information sources. Real-world information is not only uncertain, but also partially reliable. Thus, uncertainty and partial reliability are strongly associated with each other. To take into account this fact, a new method to represent BBAs along with their associated reliabilities is proposed in this paper, which is named reliability-based BBA. Several examples are carried out to show the validity of the proposed method.
Quantitation of Alkyl Sulfonates Using UV Detector Sensitive “Ion-Pair” Reagents in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography (1982)

Abstract Amplification of detector response by means of detector-sensitive ion-pairing reagents demonstrates good sensitivity, linearity, and precision for the quantitation of alkylsulfonate ions by means of ultraviolet absorbance detection at 254 nm.
Polarization Reconfigurable Broadband Rectenna With Tunable Matching Network for Microwave Power Transmission (2016)

A broadband polarization reconfigurable rectenna is proposed, which can operate in three polarization modes. The receiving antenna of the rectenna is a polarization reconfigurable planar monopole antenna. By installing switches on the feeding network, the antenna can switch to receive electromagnetic (EM) waves with different polarizations, including linear polarization (LP), right-hand and left-hand circular polarizations (RHCP/LHCP). To achieve stable conversion efficiency of the rectenna (n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> ) in all the modes within a wide frequency band, a tunable matching network is inserted between the rectifying circuit and the antenna. The measured n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> changes from 23.8% to 31.9% in the LP mode within 5.1-5.8 GHz and from 22.7% to 24.5% in the CP modes over 5.8-6 GHz. Compared to rectennas with conventional broadband matching network, the proposed rectenna exhibits more stable conversion efficiency.
Plasma cluster beam sources for thin film deposition (1997)

The deposition of ionized and neutral cluster beams has been proposed as an interesting technique for the growth of thin films and nanostructures. Clusters are aggregates of atoms or molecules ranging from tens up to several thousands of units. The control of composition, size and kinetic energies is of central importance for the synthesis of thin films with tailored properties. Several methods are currently used for the production of cluster beams. Here a review will be given with particular attention to pulsed plasma sources and mass spectrometric characterization techniques. An example of deposition of nanocrystalline carbon thin films will be presented.
Test-case reduction for C compiler bugs (2012)

To report a compiler bug, one must often find a small test case that triggers the bug. The existing approach to automated test-case reduction, delta debugging, works by removing substrings of the original input; the result is a concatenation of substrings that delta cannot remove. We have found this approach less than ideal for reducing C programs because it typically yields test cases that are too large or even invalid (relying on undefined behavior). To obtain small and valid test cases consistently, we designed and implemented three new, domain-specific test-case reducers. The best of these is based on a novel framework in which a generic fixpoint computation invokes modular transformations that perform reduction operations. This reducer produces outputs that are, on average, more than 25 times smaller than those produced by our other reducers or by the existing reducer that is most commonly used by compiler developers. We conclude that effective program reduction requires more than straightforward delta debugging.
Decentralized Control of Unmanned Aerial Robots for Wireless Airborne Communication Networks (2010)

This paper presents a cooperative control strategy for a team of aerial robotic vehicles to establish wireless airborne communication networks between distributed heterogeneous vehicles. Each aerial robot serves as a flying mobile sensor performing a reconfigurable communication relay node which enabls communication networks with static or slow-moving nodes on gorund or ocean. For distributed optimal deployment of the aerial vehicles for communication networks, an adaptive hill-climbing type decentralized control algorithm is developed to seek out local extremum for optimal localization of the vehicles. The sensor networks estabilished by the decentralized cooperative control approach can adopt its configuraiton in response to signal strength as the function of the relative distance between the autonomous aerial robots and distributed sensor nodes in the sensed environment. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized cooperative control technique for robust communication networks.
Scalable laws for stable network congestion control (2003)

Discusses flow control in networks, in which sources control their rates based on feedback signals received from the network links, a feature present in current TCP protocols. We develop a congestion control system which is arbitrarily scalable, in the sense that its stability is maintained for arbitrary network topologies and arbitrary amounts of delay. Such a system can be implemented in a decentralized way with information currently available in networks plus a small amount of additional signaling.
Enantiomeric Cross-Inhibition in the Synthesis of Oligonucleotides on a Nonchiral Template (1997)

Prebiotic syntheses of chiral monomers always yield racemic mixtures. Living systems, however, utilize L-amino acids and D-nucleotides in their biopolymers. The generation of optical asymmetry by selection and amplification in an autocatalytic process is, therefore, an important element in many theories of the origin of life. Replication of polynucleotides in template-directed syntheses is an obvious candidate for such an amplification step in a pre-'RNA world'. A serious objection to this suggestion is the observation that the efficiency of template-directed syntheses of RNA is limited by enantiomeric cross-inhibition. Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs), amide-linked, nonchiral analogues of RNA, have been 'copied' into RNA and constitute an alternative to chiral polynucleotides as an informational replicating system. Here, we use PNA as model for a hypothetical, nonchiral precursor of RNA in experiments re-examining enantiomeric cross-inhibition. We find that enantiomeric cross-inhibition is as serious in the polymerization of nucleotides on a PNA template as it is on a conventional RNA or DNA template.
Handbook of Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing (2002)

If you want to get Handbook of Internet Computing pdf eBook copy write by good Handbook of Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing Google Books. Mobile Computing General. Handbook of Algorithms for Wireless Networking and Mobile Computing by Azzedine Boukerche (Editor). Call Number: TK 5103.2. CITS4419 Mobile and Wireless Computing software projects related to wireless networks, (2) write technical reports and documentation for complex computer.
Optoacoustical sensor to examine the structural integrity of transportation systems (2003)

We present the results of the analysis and experimental study of defect detection using whole field laser Doppler vibrometry (WFLDV). The nondestructive inspection (NDI) procedure is based on the vibrational mode evaluation for a test object with specified defect parameters. To evaluate the procedure, a clamped aluminum drum with radius R was selected as the test object. The introduced defect was a thickness loss of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% at the central part of the drum. The data from computational examination, based on finite element analysis, are compared with experimental data received from tests with LDV. Additionally, we present data from interrogation of a multilayer (carbon composite) element with present defects in a specific layer and examples of corrosion detection. The experiments show that the technique enables reliable defect detection, location, and quantification.
Cytostatic activity against HeLa cells of a series of indazole and indole derivatives; synthesis and evaluation of some analogues (1995)

Abstract The remarkable cytostatic activity of 1‐substituted indazolols 2a,b , condensed indazolinones 4a–c and indoxyl derivatives 5a, b against HeLa cells is reported. Three different approaches to the synthesis of indazolophthalazinone 4a , representing alternatives to those previously reported, were studied. Several compounds related to the mentioned indazolols and indazolinones were obtained and their cytostatic activity against HeLa cells was tested. Among them we can mention the tetracyclic SO 2 analogue 14 and the condensed pyridine derivative 18 , the tricyclic pyrazolophthalazinone 22 and the bicyclic pyrazolodiazepinone 25 , which were prepared by taking advantage of the reactivity of heterocyclic spiro aminimides.
Delayed Cellular Maturation and Decreased Immunoglobulin κ Light Chain Production In Immature B Lymphocytes Lacking B Cell Linker Protein (2002)

B cell linker (BLNK) protein is a component of the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and BLNK(-/-) mice have a block in B lymphopoiesis at the pro-B/pre-B cell stage. To study the effect of BLNK mutation at later stages of B cell development, we introduce an innocuous transgenic BCR into BLNK(-/-) mice and show that two populations of immature B cells distinguishable by their IgM(low (lo)) and IgM(high (hi)) phenotypes are found in the bone marrow of these mice in contrast to a single population of IgM(hi) cells found in control BCR-transgenic BLNK(+/+) mice. The mutant IgM(lo) and IgM(hi) cells are at an earlier developmental stage compared with the control IgM(hi) cells as indicated by their differential expression of CD43, B220, and major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and their timing of generation in culture. Thus, in the absence of BLNK the differentiation of immature B cells is delayed. Furthermore, mutant IgM(lo) cells produce equivalent level of immunoglobulin (Ig) mu but less Ig kappa proteins than control and mutant IgM(hi) cells and this defect is attributed to a decrease in the amount of kappa transcripts being generated. Finally, splenic B cells in BCR-transgenic BLNK(-/-) mice are predominantly of the transitional B cell phenotype and are rapidly lost from the peripheral B cell pool. Taken together, the data suggest a role for BLNK and perhaps BCR signaling, in the regulation of kappa light chain expression and continued immature B cell differentiation.
Ce and Tb substitution for Y in YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7} thin films (1991)

The kinetic differences of growth between standard solid-state synthesis and in situ growth by laser ablation have allowed the substitution of Ce and Tb for Y in ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ for the first time. The effects of Ce and Tb substitution on the material ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ is discussed within the framework of the existing models for the Pr system. We suggest that localization of the holes by trapping may provide a suitable mechanism to account for the observed properties of the Pr and Ce substituted compounds.
On project-based learning through the vertically-integrated projects program. (2011)

Georgia Tech's Colleges of Engineering and Computing initiated the Vertically-Integrated Projects (VIP) program in January 2009. Undergraduate students that join VIP teams earn academic credit for participating in design efforts that assist faculty and graduate students with research and development issues in their technical areas. The teams are: multidisciplinary — drawing students from around the university; vertically-integrated — maintaining a mix of sophomores through PhD students each semester; and long-term — each undergraduate student may participate in a project for up to six semesters. We describe the Video and Image Annotation VIP (VIA-VIP) project, which provides undergraduates unique opportunities to learn and apply state-of-the-art video-mining algorithms by processing a large archive of football videos recorded from GT football games. Their results are documented. Based on their feedback we believe the VIA-VIP course is on track to meet the needs of undergraduates in areas they don't usually see in the traditional undergraduate classroom.
Adverse Reactions Associated with Cannabis Products in India (1969)

Six patients with emotional disorders associated with the use of ganja, bhang, and hashish, products prepared from Cannabis sativa var. indica, by Westerners in India are reported. The major psychiatric problems seen included anxiety reactions of moderate to severe intensity and psychotic reactions of schizophrenic and schizoaffective types. Our experience is compared with that recently reported by others and is found to be similar. The possibility that observed frequencies of serious adverse reactions to cannabis products in different areas may represent different segments of a dose-response curve to active isomers of tetrahydrocannabinol is discussed. Although current evidence by no means constitutes proof of a causal role for cannabis in emotional disturbance, it is suggested that, until there is further and definitive information as to the effects of cannabis products on the mental health of those who use them, a cautious attitude towards their widespread and unsupervised use is justified.
Carbon impurities and the yellow luminescence in GaN (2010)

Using hybrid functional calculations we investigate the effects of carbon on the electrical and optical properties of GaN. In contrast to the currently accepted view that C substituting for N (CN) is a shallow acceptor, we find that CN has an ionization energy of 0.90 eV. Our calculated absorption and emission lines also indicate that CN is a likely source for the yellow luminescence that is frequently observed in GaN, solving the longstanding puzzle of the nature of the C-related defect involved in yellow emission. Our results suggest that previous experimental data, analyzed under the assumption that CN acts as a shallow acceptor, should be re-examined.
Formic Acid Reduction. VII. Reduction of Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds adjacent to Carbonyls (1970)

Triethylammonium formate, TEAF given by 5HCOOH·2N (C2H5)3 has been introduced as a reagent effective for reduction of carbon-carbon double bond adjacent to carbonyl group, preferably double bond of central methylene carbon of 1, 3-diketone. The reduction is selective at the carbon-carbon double bond. Nitro group, carbonyl group and other carbon-carbon double bond such as cinnamyl of substrate are not affected by the reduction. An improvement in the preparation of substrate compounds, α, β-unsaturated ketones, using boron trioxide as a dehydrating agent, is also given.
Quantitation and pharmacokinetic modeling of therapeutic antibody quality attributes in human studies (2016)

A thorough understanding of drug metabolism and disposition can aid in the assessment of efficacy and safety. However, analytical methods used in pharmacokinetics (PK) studies of protein therapeutics are usually based on ELISA, and therefore can provide a limited perspective on the quality of the drug in concentration measurements. Individual post-translational modifications (PTMs) of protein therapeutics are rarely considered for PK analysis, partly because it is technically difficult to recover and quantify individual protein variants from biological fluids. Meanwhile, PTMs may be directly linked to variations in drug efficacy and safety, and therefore understanding of clearance and metabolism of biopharmaceutical protein variants during clinical studies is an important consideration. To address such challenges, we developed an affinity-purification procedure followed by peptide mapping with mass spectrometric detection, which can profile multiple quality attributes of therapeutic antibodies recovered from patient sera. The obtained data enable quantitative modeling, which allows for simulation of the PK of different individual PTMs or attribute levels in vivo and thus facilitate the assessment of quality attributes impact in vivo. Such information can contribute to the product quality attribute risk assessment during manufacturing process development and inform appropriate process control strategy.
Leishmania donovani promastigotes evade the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 during infection of naive macrophages (2000)

The protozoan parasite Leishmania fails to activate naive macrophages for proinflammatory cytokines production, and selectively impairs signal transduction pathways in infected macrophages. Because mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)- and NF-kappaB-dependent signaling pathways regulate proinflammatory cytokines release, we investigated their activation in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) exposed to Leishmania donovani promastigotes. In naive BMM, the parasite failed to induce the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, as well as the degradation of IkappaB-alpha. The use of L. donovani mutants defective in the biosynthesis of lipophosphoglycan revealed that evasion of ERK1/2 activation requires surface expression of the repeating unit moiety of this virulence determinant. In IFN-gamma-primed BMM, L. donovani promastigotes strongly induced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, and the use of selective inhibitors for ERK (PD98059) and p38 MAPK (SB203580) revealed that both kinases are required for L. donovani-induced TNF-alpha but not NO(2)(-) release. Collectively, these data suggest that both p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 pathways participate in some Leishmania-induced responses in IFN-gamma-primed BMM. The ability of L. donovani promastigotes to avoid MAPK and NF-kappaB activation in naive macrophages may be part of the strategy evolved by this parasite to evade innate immune responses.
Genomic structure and promoter activity of the testis haploid germ cell‐specific intronless genes, <i>Tact1</i> and <i>Tact2</i> (2003)

The Tact1 and Tact2 genes, each of which encodes an actin-like protein, are exclusively expressed and translated in haploid germ cells in testis. To characterize the haploid germ cell-specific gene structure, a mouse genomic library was screened with a Tact1 cDNA as a probe, and four independent phage clones containing the Tact1 gene were isolated. Southern hybridization and sequencing analyses revealed that Tact1 and Tact2 were single copy genes contained on a common fragment in a head-to-head orientation, and that the distance between these genes was less than 2 kb. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of genomic DNA and cDNA demonstrated that Tact1 and Tact2 lack introns, although all known actin or actin-related genes in mammals contain introns. Human Tact orthologues also lack introns and are located within 6.4 kb in a head-to-head orientation. These findings indicate that Tact1 and Tact2 or one of these genes arose by retroposition of a spliced mRNA transcribed from an actin progenitor gene prior to the divergence of rodents and primates. The Tact1 and Tact2 genes are unusual retroposons in that they have retained an open reading frame and are expressed in testicular germ cells, because almost all retroposons become pseudogenes. It was revealed that a 2kb sequence between the two genes bidirectionally controls haploid germ-cell specific expression by analyzing transgenic mice. Comparison of the murine Tact genes with their human orthologues showed a high level of identity between the two species in the 5'-upstream and non-coding sequences as well as in the coding region, indicating that conserved elements in these regions may be involved in the regulation of haploid germ cell-specific expression. The promoter region contains no TATA-, CCAAT- or GC-boxes, although there are potential cAMP response element (CRE)-like motifs in the 5'-upstream region and the 5'-untranslated region in Tact1 and Tact2, respectively. Transient promoter analyses indicate that CREMtau may activate Tact1 and Tact2 expression in germ cells.