gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new time-stepping method for circuit simulation (2013)

Adaptive time-stepping is crucially important for the efficiency of a circuit simulator. Existing time-stepping methods rely on information at prior time point(s) to select step sizes, which can be problematic when the circuit is undergoing a fast transition. In this work, we propose a new time-stepping method that solves the circuit equations together with the condition for local truncation error (LTE) as one nonlinear system. Circuit solution and step size are obtained simultaneously for the current time point. It allows designers to have direct control of LTE so the errors can be distributed more evenly along non-uniformed time grid. Experiments show the new method generates significantly less time points and is faster for the same accuracy settings. It is also more accurate for the simulation of non-dissipative circuits.
Action of sulfuric acid on ethyl 3,3-diphenyl-3-hydroxypropanoate (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAction of sulfuric acid on ethyl 3,3-diphenyl-3-hydroxypropanoateStanley Wawzonek and N. A. RandenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 8, 1116–1121Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00807a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00807a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PROOFS: a fast, memory-efficient sequential circuit fault simulator (1992)

The authors describe PROOFS, a fast fault simulator for synchronous sequential circuits, PROOFS achieves high performance by combining all the advantages of differential fault simulation, single fault propagation, and parallel fault simulation, while minimizing their individual disadvantages. The fault simulator minimizes the memory requirements, reduces the number of gate evaluations, and simplifies the complexity of the software implementation. PROOFS requires an average of one fifth the memory required for concurrent fault simulation and runs six to 67 times faster on the ISCAS-89 sequential benchmark circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Passively mode-locked Er/sup 3+/ fiber laser using a semiconductor nonlinear mirror (1993)

A nonlinear mirror consisting of an InGaAs/InP multiple-quantum-well saturable absorber integrated with a Bragg reflector stack has been used to passively mode-lock a fiber laser in an extremely simple and advantageous linear-cavity configuration. To date, pulses as short as 7.6 ps have been observed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pico-Precision Displacement Sensor Using Digital Image Analysis (2006)

A new digital image analysis method combined with statistical error analysis for precision position monitoring is described. Prime motivation was to monitor mechanical deformations of large tracking chambers. The author developed optical alignment system using light source beams and CCD cameras, combined with semi-offline digital image analysis software for muon tracking chambers for PHENIX experiment at RHIC. Obtained resolution of one micron precision is enough sufficient, however, the author developed a new analysis method in order to improve the resolutions without constructing new expensive devices. Applying the new method, it is shown that the position determination resolution can be improved from one micron to 10 nm. This analysis method is applied to a new displacement sensor, which is a dedicated purpose new device. A prototype device has been constructed, showing extremely high resolution of around 100 pm. The present device is now utilized in a table-top gravity experiment, motivated by the possible violation of Newtonian gravitational law. A prototype system using digital video camera and its applications are described
A single-inductor MIMO buck-boost converter with inductor-peak-current PFM control for multiple energy harvesting (2017)

This paper presents a single-inductor four-input-three-output buck-boost converter which can harvest energy from three sources simultaneously, with a wide range of input voltage from 0.2V to 3V. A control strategy combining the inductor-peak-current (IPC) controls and pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) is proposed to suit for the muli-sources energy harvesting. The IPC control is used to improve the efficiency and decrease the output voltage ripple. The PFM is utilized to regulate the outputs as well as make the three sources around their maximum power point (MPPT). The converter is designed and verified in the CSMC 0.18um process. Simulation results show that the efficiency of the converter is no less than 74% under the wide range of input voltage with load varying from 10 uW to 1 mW.
The Application of Case Teaching Method in Intercultural Communication Course (2020)

With the constant development of the global economy, cross-cultural communication courses for undergraduates are becoming more and more important for business English major. Intercultural communication course is a practical and applicable course, so the traditional teaching method is difficult to help teachers achieve the ideal teaching effect. The author finds that case teaching method is very consistent with the characteristics of cross-cultural communication course and conducive to the implementation of the teaching reform of intercultural communication course. This thesis defines the contents and concepts of case teaching method and intercultural communication, and expounds the characteristics of case teaching method. In addition, this thesis discusses the present situation of intercultural communication teaching in colleges and universities, further explores the implementation of the current case teaching method in intercultural communication course, and points out the specific problems and causes. Based on these, some corresponding suggestions are brought up to ameliorate the teaching effect.
Rapid generation of combined CMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell lines for adoptive transfer into recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplants (2003)

Adoptive transfer of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cells can restore long-lasting, virus-specific immunity and clear CMV viremia in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplants if CD4(+) and CD8(+) CMV-specific T cells are detected in the recipient after transfer. Current protocols for generating virus-specific T cells use live virus, require leukapheresis of the donor, and are time consuming. To circumvent these limitations, a clinical-scale protocol was developed to generate CMV-specific T cells by using autologous cellular and serum components derived from a single 500-mL blood draw. CMV-specific T cells were stimulated simultaneously with CMV-specific major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I)- restricted peptides and CMV antigen. Activated T cells were isolated with the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion assay and expanded for 10 days. In 8 randomly selected, CMV-seropositive donors, 1.34 x 10(8) combined CD4(+) and CD8(+) CMV-specific T cells, on average, were generated, as determined by antigen-triggered IFN-gamma production. CMV-infected fibroblasts were efficiently lysed by the generated T cells, and CMV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expanded if they were stimulated with natural processed antigen. On the other hand, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell-mediated alloreactivity of generated CMV-specific T-cell lines was reduced compared with that of the starting population. In conclusion, the culture system developed allowed the rapid generation of allodepleted, highly enriched, combined CD4(+) and CD8(+) CMV-specific T cells under conditions mimicking good manufacturing practice.
<i>ADAMTS1, CRABP1</i>, and <i>NR3C1</i> Identified as Epigenetically Deregulated Genes in Colorectal Tumorigenesis (2006)

By using a refined microarray screening approach we present three genes with cancer-specific hypermethylation in colorectal tumors, ADAMTS1, CRABP1, and NR3C1.
Wide-band piezoelectric polymer acoustic sources (1988)

The design of a wideband acoustic source made of the piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) is described. The source was developed for the characterization and absolute calibration of ultrasonic hydrophone probes. Construction details are described and performance characteristics of the wideband PVDF transmitter, including its transmitting voltage response and directivity patterns, are compared with theoretical predictions in the frequency range up to 40 MHz. The Krimholtz-Leedom-Mattaei (KLM) model was used to examine the influence of the PVDF polymer film thickness, the backing acoustic impedance, the cable length, and the electrical source resistance on overall transmit transfer characteristics. A comparison is made with traditional piezoelectric ceramic acoustic sources, and it is shown that piezopolymer transmitters exhibit some improved properties and are well suited for certain ultrasound dosimetry applications. In particular, the polymer sources have been found useful in measurements based on swept-frequency excitation. Those measurements allow characterization of transmitters and receivers to be performed as a virtually continuous function of frequency.
Body composition response to exogenous GH during training in highly conditioned adults (1988)

The effects of biosynthetic methionyl-human growth hormone (met-hGH) on body composition and endogenous secretion of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were studied in eight well-trained exercising adults between 22 and 33 yr of age. By the use of double-blind procedures, met-hGH (2.67 mg/0.5 ml diluent, 3 days/wk) and bacteriostatic water (placebo, 0.5 ml, 3 days/wk) were administered in a repeated-measures design that counterbalanced treatment order. Duration of each treatment was 6 wk. Subjects trained with progressive resistance exercise throughout and were maintained on a high-protein diet monitored by extensive compositional analyses of daily dietary intake records. Hydrodensitometry revealed that met-hGH significantly decreased percent body fat (%fat) and increased fat-free weight (FFW) and FFW/fat weight (FW), whereas the placebo treatment did not change any of these measures. Changes in FFW/FW correlated with the relative dose of met-hGH but did not correlate with either the peak GH response to L-dopa/arginine stimulation or IGF-I levels obtained after treatment with placebo. There were no differences between treatments in the dietary intakes of total kilocalories, protein, carbohydrates, and fat. Mean IGF-I levels were elevated after treatment with met-hGH compared with postplacebo levels. After treatment with met-hGH, five of seven subjects had a suppressed GH response to stimulation from either L-dopa/arginine or submaximal exercise. We conclude that supraphysiological doses of met-hGH will alter body composition in exercising adults in a relative dose-dependent manner and that such treatment may suppress endogenous release of GH in some individuals.
Ingestion of cryptophyte cells by the marine photosynthetic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum (2004)

We investigated the mechanism of capturing and ingesting cryptophyte cells by a laboratory strain of the marine photosynthetic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum Lohmann 1908 (= Myrionecta rubra Jankowski 1976), a cosmopolitan red tide species. When offered cryptophytes as food, M. rubrum, originally grown photosynthetically for 2 wk, used its bifurcated oral tentacles to instantly seize prey cells when encountered. Immediately after capturing a prey cell, M. rubrum swam in a zigzag pattern (30 to 60 m long linear paths) for > 4 s, without showing the large jumps (with ca. 2000 m long linear paths) that were usually observed when the predator was not feeding. M. rubrum with a cryptophyte attached to its tentacles became motionless while the prey cell was moved to the oral surface of the predator, a process that took <10 s. Engulfment of a captured prey cell by M. rubrum occurred through a cytostome-like structure and took ca. 15 s. Once engulfed, the prey was slowly delivered to the posterior end of the ciliate over a period of ca. 63 s. The whole feeding process lasted approximately 92 s. With increasing mean prey concentration, specific growth rates of M. rubrum feeding on the cryptophyte increased, with saturation at a mean prey concentration of 44 cells ml -1 . The maximum specific growth rate (mixotrophic growth) of M. rubrum feeding on the cryptophyte was 0.521 d -1 , under continuous illumination of 60 E m -2 s -1 , while its growth rate (phototrophic growth) under the same light conditions without added prey was 0.357 d -1 . The ingestion rate of M. rubrum feeding on cryptophytes increased continuously with increasing prey concentration. The maximum ingestion rate was 8.9 cryptophytes ciliate -l d -1 . M. rubrum may sometimes exert considerable impact on prey populations.
Optical waveguides formed by deuterium passivation of acceptors in Si doped <i>p</i>-type GaAs epilayers (1992)

We report on the use of plasma hydrogenation of Si doped, p-type GaAs crystalline samples to form infrared waveguides through acceptor passivation. Epilayers grown by liquid phase epitaxy were exposed to a deuterium plasma for ninety minutes at three different temperatures. Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis indicated that the deuterium concentrations in the crystals after plasma exposure were nearly equal to the acceptor level and extended to depths between 2.0 and 4.0 μm. Reflectivity measurements showed that the epilayers had passivated regions whose thicknesses corresponded to those determined by SIMS analysis. Laser coupling experiments at 1.15 μm showed optical waveguiding in each sample and lowest propagation losses were on the order of 35 dB/cm. At a wavelength of 1.523 μm, only the sample processed at the highest temperature exhibited laser guiding and losses were considerably higher.
MeSHLabeler: improving the accuracy of large-scale MeSH indexing by integrating diverse evidence (2015)

The software is available upon request.
Evolution of treatments for patients with acute lung injury (2005)

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are acute life-threatening forms of hypoxemic respiratory failure. ALI/ARDS patients require intensive care with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Despite advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of ALI/ARDS, mortality rates remain > 30% and survivors suffer significant decrements in their quality of life. The evolving understanding of ALI/ARDS and the complex interactions involved in ALI/ARDS open the door for many potential targets for treatment. The condition is characterised by an acute inflammatory state that leads to increased capillary permeability and accumulation of proteinaceous pulmonary oedema. The changes that occur as a result of this inflammation clinically manifest themselves as hypoxemia, infiltrates on chest radiograph and reduced lung compliance. Many years have been dedicated to analysing the complexities involved in ALI/ARDS in order to improve current and future possibilities for treatment, with the aim of improving patient outcomes. Although some therapies have demonstrated benefits of improved oxygenation, such as surfactant and nitric oxide, these benefits have not translated into reductions in the duration of mechanical ventilation or mortality. Inflammatory mediator-targeted therapies were promising early on; however, larger trials have found therapies such as cytokine modulation, platelet-activating factor inhibition and neutrophil elastase inhibitors to be ineffective in the treatment of ALI/ARDS. Preclinical studies with beta2-agonists and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor have shown promise for restoring alveolar capillary barrier integrity or reducing pulmonary oedema, and further studies are being conducted to test for true clinical benefit. Despite previous therapeutic failures, newer surfactant formulations have shown promise, particularly in patients with direct forms of lung injury, and are currently in Phase III trials. Anticoagulant therapy with activated protein C has been shown to improve survival in sepsis, the most common risk factor for the development of ALI/ARDS, and is now being studied in ALI/ARDS. Until new data emerge, the focus must remain on supportive care, including optimised mechanical ventilation, nutritional support, manipulation of fluid balance and prevention of intervening medical complications.
Gene characterized for membrane desaturase that produces ( <i>E</i> )-11 isomers of mono- and diunsaturated fatty acids (2002)

Moth species have evolved integral membrane desaturases that exhibit a wide diversity in substrate specificity, as well as in regiospecificity and stereospecificity of the unsaturated products. We report here the cloning and expression of a single desaturase from the sex pheromone gland of the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana, that makes E11 isomers of monounsaturated (E11-16 and E11-14) fatty acids and a diunsaturated (E9,E11-14) fatty acid. In the pheromone gland, the monoene precursor is made available by beta oxidation of E11-16 acid with a subsequent two-carbon loss to E9-14 acid. A functional assay using a baculovirus expression system required addition of myristic acid and E9-14 acid precursors to demonstrate the unusual regiospecificity and stereospecificity of this desaturase. The amino acid sequence of this desaturase has approximately 61% identity to that of Z11-desaturases from two other insect species, and only approximately 48% identity to the metabolic Z9-desaturases in those species. A pheromone-gland Z9-desaturase gene also was found with the light brown apple moth that differed in its deduced amino acid sequence (66% identity) with the metabolic Z9-desaturase from fat body in this species.
Association Between Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding/Perforation (2000)

The elderly and patients with a history of peptic ulcer could benefit the most from a reduction in NSAID gastrotoxicity. Whenever possible, physicians may wish to recommend lower doses to reduce the UGIB risk associated with all individual NSAIDs, especially in the subgroup of patients with the greatest background risk.
Crystal and molecular structure of the antimalarial agent enpiroline (1989)

To identify common spatial and structural features of amino alcohol antimalarial agents with the eventual goal of designing more effective drugs and a better understanding of the mechanism of action of this class of antimalarial agents, the three-dimensional crystal and molecular structure of enpiroline, a new antimalarial agent active against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, was determined by X-ray crystallography and compared with the crystal structures of the cinchona alkaloids and of the new antimalarial agent WR 194,965. The aromatic rings of the phenyl-pyridine ring system of enpiroline are twisted from each other by approximately 18 degrees. The intramolecular aliphatic N-O distance in enpiroline was 2.80 A (1 A = 0.1 nm), which is close to the N-O distance found in the antimalarial cinchona alkaloids. Enpiroline contains both an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the aliphatic nitrogen and oxygen atoms and an intermolecular hydrogen bond between the aliphatic nitrogen and oxygen atoms of two neighboring molecules. One enantiomer of enpiroline superimposed best with quinine, and the other enantiomer of enpiroline superimposed best with quinidine, suggesting that both enantiomers of enpiroline possess antimalarial activity. Since a common feature of the crystal structures of the amino alcohol antimalarial agents is the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, the common spatial direction of hydrogen bond formation indicates the potential ability of these antimalarial agents to bind to a common receptor site. The crystallographic parameters were as follows: C19H18F6N5O; Mr = 404.3; symmetry of unit cell, monoclinic; space group, P2(1)/a; parameters of unit cell---a = 9.454 +/- 0.004 A, b = 18.908 +/- 0.008 A, c = 10.300 +/- 0.004 A, and beta = 96.55 +/- 0.03 degrees: V (volume of unit cell) = 1829.2 A3; Z (number of molecules per unit cell) = 4; Dchi (calculated density) = 1.46 g cm-3; source of radiation, CuK alpha (lambda = 1.54178 A); mu (absorption coefficient) = 11.49 cm-1; F(000) (sum of atomic scattering factors at zero scattering angle) = 832; room temperature; final R = 8.7% for 1,798 reflections with [F0] > 3 sigma.
37. 5-kW point design comparison of the nickel-cadmium battery, bipolar nickel-hydrogen battery, and regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell energy storage subsystems for low Earth orbit (1984)

Nickel-cadmium batteries, bipolar nickel-hydrogen batteries, and regenerative fuel cell storage subsystems were evaluated for use as the storage subsystem in a 37.5 kW power system for space station. Design requirements were set in order to establish a common baseline for comparison purposes. The storage subsystems were compared on the basis of effective energy density, round trip electrical efficiency, total subsystem weight and volume, and life.
Stabilizing immature breathing patterns of preterm infants using stochastic mechanosensory stimulation (2009)

Breathing patterns in preterm infants consist of highly variable interbreath intervals (IBIs) that might originate from nonlinear properties of the respiratory oscillator and its input-output responses to peripheral and central signals. Here, we explore a property of nonlinear control, the potential for large improvement in the stability of breathing using low-level exogenous stochastic stimulation. Stimulation was administered to 10 preterm infants (postconceptional age: mean 33.3 wk, SD 1.7) using a mattress with embedded actuators that delivered small stochastic displacements (0.021 mm root mean square, 0.090 mm maximum, 30-60 Hz); this stimulus was subthreshold for causing arousal from sleep to wakefulness or other detectable changes in the behavioral state evaluated with polysomnography. We used a test-retest protocol with multiple 10-min intervals of stimulation, each paired with 10-min intervals of no stimulation. Stimulation induced an approximately 50% reduction (P = 0.003) in the variance of IBIs and an approximately 50% reduction (P = 0.002) in the incidence of IBIs > 5 s. The improved stability of eupneic breathing was associated with an approximately 65% reduction (P = 0.04) in the duration of O(2) desaturation. Our findings suggest that nonlinear properties of the immature respiratory control system can be harnessed using afferent stimuli to stabilize eupneic breathing, thereby potentially reducing the incidence of apnea and hypoxia.