gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon IC Process Compatible Bolometer Infrared Focal Plane Array (2005)

A 128 x 128 element bolometer infrared image sensor using thin film titanium is proposed. The device is a monolithically integrated structure having a titanium bolometer detector and a CMOS circuit underneath it for reading out the bolometer's signals. By employing a metallic material like titanium and refining the CMOS readout circuit, l/f noise can be minimized. It was demonstrated that by using small l/f noise material, a bias current is increased and S/N ratio can be subsequently improved. Since the fabrication process is silicon-process compatible, low-cost inkared image senson can be realized by using this technology.
Compartmentalized transgene expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in mouse lung enhances allergic airways inflammation (1998)

To investigate the role of GM-CSF in asthmatic airways inflammation, we have targeted GM-CSF transgene to the airway cells in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airways inflammation, a model in which there is marked induction of endogenous IL-5 and IL-4 but not GM-CSF. Following intranasal delivery of a replication-deficient adenoviral gene transfer vector (Ad), transgene expression was found localized primarily to the respiratory epithelial cells. Intranasal delivery of 0.03 x 10(9) plaque-forming units (PFU) of AdGM-CSF into naive BALB/c mice resulted in prolonged and compartmentalized release of GM-CSF transgene protein with a peak concentration of approximately 80 pg/ml detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at day 7, but little in serum. These levels of local GM-CSF expression per se resulted in no eosinophilia and only a minimum of tissue inflammatory responses in the lung of naive mice, similar to those induced by the control vector. However, such GM-CSF expression in the airways of OVA-sensitized mice resulted in a much greater and sustained accumulation of various inflammatory cell types, most noticeably eosinophils, both in BALF and airway tissues for 15-21 days post-OVA aerosol challenge, at which times airways inflammation had largely resolved in control mice. While the levels of IL-5 and IL-4 in BALF and the rate of eosinophil apoptosis were found similar between different treatments, there was an increased number of proliferative leucocytes in the lung receiving GM-CSF gene transfer. Our results thus provide direct experimental evidence that GM-CSF can significantly contribute to the development of allergic airways inflammation through potentiating and prolonging inflammatory infiltration induced by cytokines such as IL-5 and IL-4.
Mixing in Pipelines with Side and Opposed Tees (2003)

Numerical and experimental investigations of mixing in pipelines with side and opposed tees are carried out. Cold water flowing in a main pipe is mixed with hot water flowing through a tee. The temperature is measured experimentally to quantify the degree of mixing. The velocity and temperature fields are also solved numerically. The effects of the mesh size, mesh-localized refinement, dependence of the fluid physical properties on temperature, and turbulence model on numerical results were examined. Experimental results show good agreement with corresponding predictions of the numerical model over a relatively wide range of Reynolds number; however, close agreement is harder to obtain in the vicinity of the jet through the tee. The pipe length required to achieve 95% mixing is found to be a function of Uj/Um. The angle at which the side jet is injected determines whether the jet impinges on the opposite wall and also affects the pipe length required to achieve 95% mixing. This work recommends that industry should not use 90° tees because of possible poor mixing at certain velocity ratios and hard impingement. For pipe diameters ranging from 1 to 16 in., if dj/dm is kept constant, then for any velocity ratio the 95% mixing is achieved at a distance corresponding to about the same number of the main-pipe diameters. For opposed jets, numerical convergence was harder to obtain at high Reynolds numbers. Some modifications, including the staggering of the two jets, made it easier for the solution to converge.
Escins-Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, and IIIa, Bioactive Triterpene Oligoglycosides from the Seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L.: Their Inhibitory Effects on Ethanol Absorption and Hypoglycemic Activity on Glucose Tolerance Test. (1994)

Five triterpene oligoglycosides named escins-Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, and IIIa were isolated from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L. and their chemical structures were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Escins-Ia, Ib, IIa, and IIb were found to exhibit inhibitory effect on ethanol absorption and hypoglycemic activity on oral glucose tolerance test in rats. Among them, escins-IIa and IIb showed the higher activities for both bioassays, while desacylescins-I and II had no activity.
Automatic Monitoring of Logistics Processes using Distributed RFID based Event Data (2009)

Decreasing sizes and a static decline in production costs are fostering the use of RFID tags and sensors in cross-company logistics networks. Additionally, the EPCIS specification comprises interface standards for capturing and querying RFID based event data and storing it in a standardized data format. This contribution examines the potential of the given technological means for the automatic monitoring of complex inter-organizational logistics processes. We identify requirements for the monitoring of individual quality objectives using distributed event data and describe the architecture of a monitoring system addressing them. Furthermore, we argue that such a system can be nearly seamlessly integrated into existing EPCglobal compliant RFID infrastructures.
IN VIVO IMAGING OF LYMPHOCYTE TRAFFICKING (2005)

Over the past decades, intravital microscopy (IVM), the imaging of cells in living organisms, has become a valuable tool for studying the molecular determinants of lymphocyte trafficking. Recent advances in microscopy now make it possible to image cell migration and cell-cell interactions in vivo deep within intact tissues. Here, we summarize the principal techniques that are currently used in IVM, discuss options and tools for fluorescence-based visualization of lymphocytes in microvessels and tissues, and describe IVM models used to explore lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. The latter will be introduced according to the physiologic itinerary of developing and differentiating T and B lymphocytes as they traffic through the body, beginning with their development in bone marrow and thymus and continuing with their migration to secondary lymphoid organs and peripheral tissues.
Evaluation of snake-like rescue robot "KOHGA" for usability of remote control (2005)

We discuss the usability of remote control for a snake-like rescue robot named KOHGA. This robot is one of many snake-like robots developed for search and rescue operations. KOHGA is constructed by connecting multiple crawler vehicles serially, thus resulting a long and thin structure. This is a great advantage as the robot can have both the capability to climb over obstacles, and as well as the ability to enter narrow spaces. Moreover, KOHGA can transform into a scorpion configuration, where the two CCD cameras positioned at robot's both ends, would provide to the operator a clear view of both the robot and its surroundings. In this paper, the design concept of KOHGA and the evaluation experiments for usability of remote control method are discussed in detail.
Aqueous Solubility of Methane at Elevated Pressures and Temperatures: GEOLOGIC NOTES (1979)

This study reports the solubility of methane in distilled water from 150° to 350°C and from 100 to 28,600 psi (689.5 to 197,197 kPa). Methane solubility greatly increases with increasing temperature above 250°C to maximum values of over 800 standard cu ft (22.66 cu m) of methane per barrel of water at 354°C and 28,600 psi (197,197 kPa). These high methane solubilities suggest that dissolved methane in the pore waters of sediments buried at 20,000 ft (6.10 km) and deeper in the Gulf Coast and other sedimentary basins could be a significant energy resource. These solubilities are also consistent with the concept of primary migration of natural gas and crude oil by molecular solution from the deep sediments of petroleum basins.
Two Theories of Muscle Strength Augmentation Using Percutaneous Electrical Stimulation (1990)

Electrical stimulation of muscle is a commonly used, well-substantiated strategy that physical therapists use to augment strength in patients with muscle weakness. Two distinctly different theories of strength augmentation using percutaneous muscle stimulation are presented. The first theory proposes that augmentation of muscle strength with electrically elicited muscle contractions occurs in a similar manner to augmentation of muscle strength with voluntary exercise. Electrically elicited muscle contractions of relatively high intensity with low numbers of repetitions strengthen muscle proportionally to the external load on the muscle in a manner that is equivalent to voluntary contraction. The second theory proposes that augmentation of muscle strength using percutaneous stimulation is fundamentally different from augmentation of strength with voluntary exercise. This theory uses the physiological differences between electrically elicited and voluntary contractions, such as the reversal of motor unit recruitment order, as a basis for argument. Both theories are partially substantiated using published literature. Strategies for testing both theories are also presented.
Role of ribonucleotide reductase in inhibition of mammalian cell growth by potent iron chelators. (1993)

Ribonucleotide reductase consists of two nonidentical subunits, proteins R1 and R2, the latter of which contains an iron-tyrosyl free radical center essential for activity. We have studied the in vivo effects on the R2 protein of the potent iron chelators parabactin and desferrioxamine using R2-overproducing mouse cells with a tyrosyl free radical signal easily quantifiable by EPR spectroscopy. Both chelators inhibited cell growth, and the inhibition was reversible by iron. Furthermore, both chelators, which penetrate cells and chelate the intracellular iron pool, caused a disappearance of the R2 tyrosyl free radical. In parallel, there was an accumulation of apo-R2 protein in the inhibited cells. In vitro studies using pure, 59Fe-labeled recombinant mouse R2 protein unexpectedly showed that its iron center is labile at physiological temperatures and that iron is spontaneously lost from the protein even in the absence of chelators in a temperature-dependent process. Our conclusion is that parabactin or desferrioxamine inhibits ribonucleotide reduction and cell growth not by directly attacking the iron-radical center of the R2 protein, but instead by chelating the intracellular iron pool. This prevents the regeneration of the iron-radical center both in newly synthesized apo-R2 protein and in apo-R2 protein continuously formed from active R2 protein by the loss of iron.
Preparation and Structural Characterization of Polymer-Supported Methylrhenium Trioxide Systems as Efficient and Selective Catalysts for the Epoxidation of Olefins (2002)

Novel heterogeneous compounds of methylrhenium trioxide (MTO) were prepared with poly(4-vinylpyridine) and polystyrene as polymeric supports. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS.) analysis, performed by the application of the difference method, showed, in a representative case of the poly(4-vinylpyridine)/MTO derivatives, a slightly distorted octahedral conformation on the metal's primary coordination sphere. The Re-O and Re-C bond distances were not influenced by the polymeric nature of the ligand, while the Re-N bond distance was abnormally shorter than those previously observed for homogeneous MTO/L(n) complexes, showing a strong coordination of the rhenium atom to the support. A set of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs showing the morphology of the surface of particles of poly(4-vinylpyridine)/MTO and polystyrene/MTO systems are reported. The reticulation grade of the polymer was a crucial factor for the morphology of the particles surface. Poly(4-vinylpyridine) 2% cross-linked systems were characterized by particles with very irregular shape and surface. Poly(4-vinylpyridine) 25% cross-linked systems showed particles with regular spherical shape, which morphology was similar to microcapsules obtained with polystyrene. All novel MTO compounds were efficient and selective heterogeneous catalysts for the epoxidation of olefins using environmentally friendly H2O2 as oxygen atom donor. The catalyst activity was maintained for at least five recycling experiments.
Bipolar pulsing circuits for high power high rep rate lasers (2002)

Analytical and experimental results are presented on bipolar multistage compression multi-kilohertz, and multi-kilowatt excimer and CO/sub 2/ TEA lasers. It is noted that a major drawback of the conventional series Melville compressors are core losses, especially in the final stages, bottlenecking the average power throughput capability. In order to achieve optimal hold-off, the saturable inductor cores have to be reset between successive pulses, requiring two full flux excursions per pulse. A simple modification, introducing pulses with alternative polarity, accomplishes intrinsic resetting and also leads to the requirement of only a single flux excursion per pulse. As magnetic core losses are directly related to the cyclic magnetization frequency, core losses are effectively halved by utilizing bipolar operation. The introduction of nonlinear interstage capacitors into a Melville line will lead to a reduction in hold-off requirement in successive stages because of the resulting noncosinusoidal charging voltage profiles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two Biosynthetic Pathways for Aromatic Amino Acids in the Archaeon <i>Methanococcus maripaludis</i> (2004)

Methanococcus maripaludis is a strictly anaerobic, methane-producing archaeon. Aromatic amino acids (AroAAs) are biosynthesized in this autotroph either by the de novo pathway, with chorismate as an intermediate, or by the incorporation of exogenous aryl acids via indolepyruvate oxidoreductase (IOR). In order to evaluate the roles of these pathways, the gene that encodes the third step in the de novo pathway, 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase (DHQ), was deleted. This mutant required all three AroAAs for growth, and no DHQ activity was detectible in cell extracts, compared to 6.0 +/- 0.2 mU mg(-1) in the wild-type extract. The growth requirement for the AroAAs could be fulfilled by the corresponding aryl acids phenylacetate, indoleacetate, and p-hydroxyphenylacetate. The specific incorporation of phenylacetate into phenylalanine by the IOR pathway was demonstrated in vivo by labeling with [1-(13)C]phenylacetate. M. maripaludis has two IOR homologs. A deletion mutant for one of these homologs contained 76, 74, and 42% lower activity for phenylpyruvate, p-hydoxyphenylpyruvate, and indolepyruvate oxidation, respectively, than the wild type. Growth of this mutant in minimal medium was inhibited by the aryl acids, but the AroAAs partially restored growth. Genetic complementation of the IOR mutant also restored much of the wild-type phenotype. Thus, aryl acids appear to regulate the expression or activity of the de novo pathway. The aryl acids did not significantly inhibit the activity of the biosynthetic enzymes chorismate mutase, prephenate dehydratase, and prephenate dehydrogenase in cell extracts, so the inhibition of growth was probably not due to an effect on these enzymes.
Disco: Fast, good, and cheap outage detection (2017)

Outage detection has been studied from different angles, such as active probing, analysis of background radiations, or control plane information. We approach outage detection from a new perspective. Disco is a detection technique that uses existing long-running TCP connections to identify bursts of disconnections. The benefits are considerable as we can monitor, without adding a single packet to the traffic, Internet-wide swaths of infrastructure that were not monitored previously because they are, for example, not responsive to ICMP probes or behind NATs. With Disco we analyze state changes on connections between RIPE Atlas probes and the RIPE Atlas infrastructure. This data, that is originally logged to monitor probe availability, has a small footprint and is available as a publicly accessible live stream, which makes light-weight near real-time outage detection possible. Probes perform planned traceroute measurements regardless of their connectivity to the RIPE Atlas infrastructure. This gives us a no cost advantage of viewing the outage inside out as the probes experienced it, characterizing the outage after the fact. Thus, we present an outage detection system able to run in near real-time (fast), with a precision of 95% (good), and without generating any new measurement traffic (cheap). We studied historical probe disconnections from 2011 to 2016 and report on the 443 most prominent outages. To validate our results we inspected traceroute results from affected probes and compared our detection to that of Trinocular.
A Secure Proxy Signature Scheme in Bilinear Group (2013)

The paradigm of proxy signature is one of important digital signatures. In a proxy signature scheme, it allows an entity to delegate signing capabilities to other participants so that they can sign on behalf of the entity. Proxy signatures are useful to design cryptographic protocols, however, there are only few provable secure proxy signature schemes. In this paper, we propose a new provably secure proxy signature scheme based on Gap Diffie-Hellman (GDH) group. Though many other proxy signature schemes have been proposed, the construction method in our paper is easy and simple, which utilize the technique of bilinear map and traditional certificate-based signature scheme. Thus, the resulting scheme can be formally proved based on these two notions. Furthermore, we also give its security analysis and security definitions. The scheme has low computational cost of the signature generation. So it is very suitable for low-bandwidth environment.
Ferric Perchlorate: An Efficient Reagent for Regio- and Stereoselective Alcoholysis and Hydrolysis of Epoxides (2000)

Abstract Regio- and stereoselective ring opening reaction of epoxides is achieved efficiently by aliphatic alcohols and water in the presence of catalytic amounts of ferric perchlorate.
Lipids in chinese medicine. Characterization of all<i>cis</i> 5,11,14,17‐eicosatetraenoic acid in<i>Biota orientalis</i> seed oil and a study of oxo/furanoid esters derived from<i>Biota oil</i> (1988)

Abstract The fatty acid composition of Biota orientalis seed oil consists of palmitic (5.1%), stearic (3.4%), oleic (15.3%), linoleic (25.6%), linolenic (34.7%), C20:3(11c,14c,17c) 4.9%, and C20:4(5c,11c,14c,17c) 10.5%. The unsaturated fatty esters derived from Biota oil were epoxidized and subsequently treated with NaI‐PrI‐DMSO. Chromatographic separation of the complex product mixture revealed the presence of C18‐oxo, C18‐furanoid, and C18‐and C20‐oxo‐furanoid esters. Epoxidation of a pure sample of C20:4(5c,11c,14c,17c) followed by NaI‐PrI‐DMSO treatment gave a mixture of C20‐dioxo‐furanoid esters. The positions of the oxo and furanoid groups in the various derivatives were determined by GC/MS analysis.
Paul Reynolds. 17 October 2009 (2009)

Caricature of Dr Paul Reynolds Chief Executive of the Telecom Group. He is shown sitting on piles of bank notes which he is tossing into the air. Refers to his annual earnings of over $7 million. 
Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).
Reduction of Skin Stretch Induced Motion Artifacts in Electrocardiogram Monitoring Using Adaptive Filtering (2006)

The effectiveness of electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors can be significantly impaired by motion artifacts which can cause misdiagnoses, lead to inappropriate treatment decisions, and trigger false alarms. Skin stretch associated with patient motion is a significant source of motion artifacts in current ECG monitoring. In this study, motion artifacts are adaptively filtered by using skin strain as the reference variable. Skin strain is measured non-invasively using a light emitting diode (LED) and an optical sensor incorporated in an ECG electrode. The results demonstrate that this device and method can significantly reduce skin strain induced ECG artifacts.
Parthenocarpic potential in Capsicum annuumL. is enhanced by carpelloid structures and controlled by a single recessive gene (2011)

Our results suggest that in the absence of fertilization most C. annuum genotypes, have parthenocarpic potential and carpelloid growth, which can substitute developing seeds in promoting fruit development.
Interactive and intuitive segmentation of volumetric data: the segmentVIEW system and the Kooshball algorithm (2002)

We present two algorithms and a system for segmentation and analysis of three-dimensional medical image data. The Kooshball algorithm operates by recursively projecting uniform distributions of rays from seed points, with gradient filters convolved along the rays to create candidate surface points. This cloud of candidate points is pruned via several transformation and filtering steps, resulting in stacks of 2D contours which are fed into the SegmentVIEW visualization system and processed by an energy-minimizing contour fitting algorithm. The contours are displayed directly on data surfaces, and both the contours and the underlying 3D data can be interactively manipulated by the user; a central goal of the SegmentVIEW system is to integrate the three major methods of volume visualization (ray casting, surface generation and rendering, and sectioning) in a manner so that manipulations are performed directly and intuitively on data, features and objects in a 3D space. Tests with the Kooshball algorithm and the SegmentVIEW system show that complex 3D features can be rapidly segmented, quantified and visualized with a high degree of accuracy regarding feature locations and volumes.
Selection of the best element type in the finite element analysis of hip prostheses (2000)

Hip prostheses have to fulfil biomedical, anatomical and strength requirements. In the initial design phase it is convenient to carry out contact analyses that simulate standardized fatigue tests using automatically generated finite element meshes of the implant design. While parabolic tetrahedrons are known to be more accurate, they usually cannot be used in contact analyses. In the present study, a prototype design was analysed using automatically generated tetrahedral meshes under linearly equivalent boundary conditions. Results of convergence analyses show that linear tetrahedral elements, even with rotational degrees of freedom, should be avoided, especially when modelling regions with a high stress gradient.