gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broadband Micro-Coaxial Wilkinson Dividers (2009)

This paper presents several micro-coaxial broadband 2 : 1 Wilkinson power dividers operating from 2 to 22 GHz, a 11 : 1 bandwidth. Circuits are fabricated on silicon with PolyStrata technology, and are implemented with 650 mum times 400 mum air-supported micro-coaxial lines. The measured isolation between the output ports is greater than 11 dB and the return loss at each port is more than 13 dB over the entire bandwidth. The footprints of these dividers can be miniaturized due to the high isolation between adjacent coaxial lines and their tight bend radius. For higher power handling, larger lines with a cross section of 1050 mum times 850 mum are also demonstrated. The effect of mismatch at the output ports is investigated in order to find the power loss in the resistors.
Pharmacokinetics of (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in Conscious and Freely Moving Rats and Its Brain Regional Distribution (2007)

A liquid chromatography technique coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) electrospray ionization was used to measure (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in rat plasma. This method was applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of EGCG in a conscious and freely moving rat by an automated blood sampling device. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to monitor the transition of the deprotonated molecule m/z of 457 [M - H]- to the product ion 169 for EGCG and the m/z of 187 to 164 for the internal standard. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of EGCG in rat plasma was determined to be 5 ng/mL, and the linear range was 5-5000 ng/mL. The protein binding of EGCG in rat plasma was 92.4 +/- 2.5%. The brain distribution result indicated that EGCG may potentially penetrate through the blood-brain barrier at a lower rate. The disposition of EGCG in the rat blood was fitted well by the two-compartmental model after intravenous administration (10 mg/kg, iv). The elimination half-life of EGCG was 62 +/- 11 and 48 +/- 13 min for intravenous (10 mg/kg) and oral (100 mg/kg) administration, respectively. The pharmacokinetic data indicate that the oral bioavailability of EGCG in a conscious and freely moving rat was about 4.95%.
Acetyl-CoA Synthetase from the Amitochondriate EukaryoteGiardia lamblia Belongs to the Newly Recognized Superfamily of Acyl-CoA Synthetases (Nucleoside Diphosphate-forming) (2000)

The gene coding for the acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) from the amitochondriate eukaryote Giardia lamblia has been expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme exhibited the same substrate specificity as the native enzyme, utilizing acetyl-CoA and adenine nucleotides as preferred substrates and less efficiently, propionyl- and succinyl-CoA. N- and C-terminal parts of the G. lamblia acetyl-CoA synthetase sequence were found to be homologous to the alpha- and beta-subunits, respectively, of succinyl-CoA synthetase. Sequence analysis of homologous enzymes from various bacteria, archaea, and the eukaryote, Plasmodium falciparum, identified conserved features in their organization, which allowed us to delineate a new superfamily of acyl-CoA synthetases (nucleoside diphosphate-forming) and its signature motifs. The representatives of this new superfamily of thiokinases vary in their domain arrangement, some consisting of separate alpha- and beta-subunits and others comprising fusion proteins in alpha-beta or beta-alpha orientation. The presence of homologs of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) in such human pathogens as G. lamblia, Yersinia pestis, Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and the malaria agent P. falciparum suggests that they might be used as potential drug targets.
[Study on the injury effect of ammonium perchlorate to lung]. (2004)

There were acute injury effect about AP to lung, but this experiment could not make sure whether AP could cause pulmonary fibrosis.
Multihop distance estimation with Greedy approach in wireless sensor networks (2011)

A wireless sensor network consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions. In addition to one or more sensors, each node in a sensor network is typically equipped with a radio transceiver or other wireless communications device, a small microcontroller, and an energy source, usually a battery. A sensor network normally constitutes a wireless ad-hoc network, meaning that each sensor supports a multi-hop routing algorithm several nodes may forward data packets to the base station. Location and internodes distance estimation is of profound importance for various WSN applications. Similarly, estimation of the hop distance between two network locations is equivalent to estimating the minimum number of hops, which leads to maximization of the distance covered in multihop paths. Furthermore, hop distance estimation is closely related with transmission delay estimation and minimization of multihop energy consumption. Determination of the maximum multihop Euclidean distance corresponding to a given hop distance in a 2D network is a complex problem. The accuracy of the Gaussian pdf model depends on the number of hops and the chosen parameters, which affect the obtained error ranges. A Greedy distance maximization model is proposed, which approximates the maximum multihop Euclidean distance and evaluates the distribution of the obtained multihop distance in planar networks.
A simulation-based approach to Bayesian sample size determination for performance under a given model and for separating models (2002)

Sample size determination (SSD) is a crucial aspect of experimental design. Two SSD problems are considered here. The first concerns how to select a sample size to achieve specified performance with regard to one or more features of a model. Adopting a Bayesian perspective, we move the Bayesian SSD problem from the rather elementary models addressed in the literature to date in the direction of the wide range of hierarchical models which dominate the current Bayesian landscape. Our approach is generic and thus, in principle, broadly applicable. However, it requires full model specification and computationally intensive simulation, perhaps limiting it practically to simple instances of such models. Still, insight from such cases is of useful design value. In addition, we present some theoretical tools for studying performance as a function of sample size, with a variety of illustrative results. Such results provide guidance with regard to what is achievable. We also offer two examples, a survival model with censoring and a logistic regression model. The second problem concerns how to select a sample size to achieve specified separation of two models. We approach this problem by adopting a screening criterion which in turn forms a model choice criterion. This criterion is set up to choose model 1 when the value is large, model 2 when the value is small. The SSD problem then requires choosing $n_{1}$ to make the probability of selecting model 1 when model 1 is true sufficiently large and choosing $n_{2}$ to make the probability of selecting model 2 when model 2 is true sufficiently large. The required n is $\max(n_{1}, n_{2})$. Here, we again provide two illustrations. One considers separating normal errors from t errors, the other separating a common growth curve model from a model with individual growth curves.
High-throughput single-cell rheology in complex samples by dynamic real-time deformability cytometry (2019)

In life sciences, the material properties of suspended cells have attained significance close to that of fluorescent markers but with the advantage of label-free and unbiased sample characterization. Until recently, cell rheological measurements were either limited by acquisition throughput, excessive post processing, or low-throughput real-time analysis. Real-time deformability cytometry expanded the application of mechanical cell assays to fast on-the-fly phenotyping of large sample sizes, but has been restricted to single material parameters as the Young's modulus. Here, we introduce dynamic real-time deformability cytometry for comprehensive cell rheological measurements at up to 100 cells per second. Utilizing Fourier decomposition, our microfluidic method is able to disentangle cell response to complex hydrodynamic stress distributions and to determine viscoelastic parameters independent of cell shape. We demonstrate the application of our technology for peripheral blood cells in whole blood samples including the discrimination of B- and CD4+ T-lymphocytes by cell rheological properties.
VRLA battery conductance monitoring. V. Strategies for VRLA battery testing and monitoring in telecom operating environments (2002)

Using actual VLRA battery field data from a telecom transmission office, this paper examines the accuracy and cost effectiveness of midpoint voltage (MPV) monitoring techniques vs. conductance measuring techniques based on both single and multicell units. Results indicate the inability of several midpoint voltage techniques to identify low capacity cells, contrasted with the high accuracy of the several conductance techniques, including a new midpoint conductance concept. The paper demonstrates how these conductance results may be utilized to optimize cell replacement for maximum capacity improvement within fixed budgetary constraints.
Are young people in the Philippines taking chances with HIV / AIDS? (1997)

The numbers of AIDS cases and HIV infections detected in the Philippines have risen slowly but steadily since the first AIDS case in the country was diagnosed in 1984. By the end of 1995, 234 AIDS cases and 470 HIV infections had been reported to the country's Department of Health. However, given the limited extent to which people have been tested for HIV infection, there are most likely many more cases than reported. The HIV/AIDS epidemic is spreading within the Filipino population. The country's substantial commercial sex trade, reports suggesting that many unmarried young men have sexual intercourse with girlfriends and acquaintances, and IV drug use among a small number of young people are factors which contribute to the potential for a serious HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Philippines. Findings from the 1994 national Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study, a household survey covering 10,879 men and women aged 15-24 years in 959 different communities, are presented. Almost all respondents had heard of AIDS, but there was some degree of ignorance and misinformation on the modes of HIV transmission. 13% of all single men reported having had only one sex partner, 10% reported two or more partners, and 3% reported five or more. 98% of sexually active men had heard of condoms, 58% knew that condom use can protect against HIV infection, 23% reported ever having used one, and 4% reported using a condom during the most recent act of sexual intercourse.
Scalable graph clustering using stochastic flows (2009)

Algorithms based on simulating stochastic flows are a simple and natural solution for the problem of clustering graphs, but their widespread use has been hampered by their lack of scalability and fragmentation of output. In this article we present a multi-level algorithm for graph clustering using flows that delivers significant improvements in both quality and speed. The graph is first successively coarsened to a manageable size, and a small number of iterations of flow simulation is performed on the coarse graph. The graph is then successively refined, with flows from the previous graph used as initializations for brief flow simulations on each of the intermediate graphs. When we reach the final refined graph, the algorithm is run to convergence and the high-flow regions are clustered together, with regions without any flow forming the natural boundaries of the clusters. Extensive experimental results on several real and synthetic datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach when compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.
A memory controller for improved performance of streamed computations on symmetric multiprocessors (2002)

The growing disparity between processor and memory speeds has caused memory bandwidth to become the performance bottleneck for many applications. In particular this performance gap severely impacts stream-orientated computations such as (de)compression, encryption, and scientific vector processing. This paper describes the development of an intelligent memory interface that can exploit compiler-provided information on streamed memory access patterns to improve memory bandwidth. Simulation results show that such shared-memory multiprocessor systems can deliver nearly the full attainable bandwidth with relatively modest hardware costs.
Akt2: a role in breast cancer metastasis (2003)

Metastasis in breast cancer significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The 5-year survival rate reduces from 90% for localised disease to about 20% once metastasis has taken place. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signalling pathway has an important role in cell motility, invasion and metastasis. However, the precise contribution of the Akt kinase family members, Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3, in mediating these processes is unclear. The possibility that they have distinct functions in tumour progression is particularly interesting.
Sol–Gel Synthesis and Electrospraying of Biodegradable (P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)<sub>55</sub>–(CaO)<sub>30</sub>–(Na<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>15</sub> Glass Nanospheres as a Transient Contrast Agent for Ultrasound Stem Cell Imaging (2015)

Ultrasound imaging is a powerful tool in medicine because of the millisecond temporal resolution and submillimeter spatial resolution of acoustic imaging. However, the current generation of acoustic contrast agents is primarily limited to vascular targets due to their large size. Nanosize particles have the potential to be used as a contrast agent for ultrasound molecular imaging. Silica-based nanoparticles have shown promise here; however, their slow degradation rate may limit their applications as a contrast agent. Phosphate-based glasses are an attractive alternative with controllable degradation rate and easily metabolized degradation components in the body. In this study, biodegradable P2O5-CaO-Na2O phosphate-based glass nanospheres (PGNs) were synthesized and characterized as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging. The structure of the PGNs was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), (31)P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P MAS NMR), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The SEM images indicated a spherical shape with a diameter size range of 200-500 nm. The XRD, (31)P NMR, and FTIR results revealed the amorphous and glassy nature of PGNs that consisted of mainly Q(1) and Q(2) phosphate units. We used this contrast to label mesenchymal stem cells and determined in vitro and in vivo detection limits of 5 and 9 μg/mL, respectively. Cell counts down to 4000 could be measured with ultrasound imaging with no cytoxicity at doses needed for imaging. Importantly, ion-release studies confirmed these PGNs biodegrade into aqueous media with degradation products that can be easily metabolized in the body.
Acidity of hydrocarbons. XLIII. Equilibrium acidity of some acidic hydrocarbons in cyclohexylamine. Solvent and ion pair effects (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcidity of hydrocarbons. XLIII. Equilibrium acidity of some acidic hydrocarbons in cyclohexylamine. Solvent and ion pair effectsA. Streitwieser Jr., C. J. Chang, and W. B. HollyheadCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 15, 5292–5296Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00770a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00770a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IIA-4 Low threshold LPE In<sub>1-x'</sub>,Ga<sub>x'</sub>,P<sub>1-z'</sub>,As<sub>z'</sub>,/In<sub>1-x</sub>Ga<sub>x</sub>P<sub>1-z</sub>As<sub>z</sub>/In<sub>1-x'</sub>,Ga<sub>x</sub>,P<sub>1-z'</sub>,As<sub>z'</sub>, yellow double heterojunction laser diodes (J &lt; 10<sup>4</sup>A/cm<sup>2</sup>, &#955; &#8776; 5850 &#197;, 77&#176;K) (1975)

Summary form only. An abstract of the above-titled article taken from the Device Research Conference (24-26 June 1975, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont., Canada) is presented.
The Mitochondrial Antioxidant SS-31 Modulates Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Autophagy in Type 2 Diabetes (2019)

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to play a central role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and mitochondria-targeted agents such as SS-31 are emerging as a promising strategy for its treatment. We aimed to study the effects of SS-31 on leukocytes from T2D patients by evaluating oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. Sixty-one T2D patients and 53 controls were included. Anthropometric and analytical measurements were performed. We also assessed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, calcium content, the expression of ER stress markers GRP78, CHOP, P-eIF2α, and autophagy-related proteins Beclin1, LC3 II/I, and p62 in leukocytes from T2D and control subjects treated or not with SS-31. Furthermore, we have evaluated the action of SS-31 on leukocyte-endothelium interactions. T2D patients exhibited elevated ROS concentration, calcium levels and presence of ER markers (<i>GRP78</i> and <i>CHOP</i> gene expression, and GRP78 and P-eIF2α protein expression), all of which were reduced by SS-31 treatment. SS-31 also led to a drop in <i>BECN1</i> gene expression, and Beclin1 and LC3 II/I protein expression in T2D patients. In contrast, the T2D group displayed reduced p62 protein levels that were restored by SS-31. SS-20 (with non-antioxidant activity) did not change any analyzed parameter. In addition, SS-31 decreased rolling flux and leukocyte adhesion, and increased rolling velocity in T2D patients. Our findings suggest that SS-31 exerts potentially beneficial effects on leukocytes of T2D patients modulating oxidative stress and autophagy, and ameliorating ER stress.
The κ‐opioid agonist, asimadoline, alters cytokine gene expression in adjuvant arthritis (2001)

An altered balance, therefore, in the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of TGF-beta by asimadoline might explain its striking anti-arthritic actions.
A Simple and Efficient Method for the Preparation of Binaltrorphimine and Derivatives and determination of their <i>K</i> opioid antagonist selectivity (1989)

Abstract The bimorphinans 1 (binaltrorphimine), 3 , and 7 have been prepared by treatment of the parent morphinan‐6‐ones naltrexone ( 5 ), naloxone ( 4 ), and dihydrocodeinone ( 6 ), respectively, with N ‐methylhydrazine sulfate in AcOH at room temperature. Compound 3 showed opioid antagonist potency and selectivity for K receptors which were somewhat lower in comparison to 1 .
Computer-Aided Lesion Diagnosis in Automated 3-D Breast Ultrasound Using Coronal Spiculation (2012)

A computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for the classification of lesions as malignant or benign in automated 3-D breast ultrasound (ABUS) images, is presented. Lesions are automatically segmented when a seed point is provided, using dynamic programming in combination with a spiral scanning technique. A novel aspect of ABUS imaging is the presence of spiculation patterns in coronal planes perpendicular to the transducer. Spiculation patterns are characteristic for malignant lesions. Therefore, we compute spiculation features and combine them with features related to echotexture, echogenicity, shape, posterior acoustic behavior and margins. Classification experiments were performed using a support vector machine classifier and evaluation was done with leave-one-patient-out cross-validation. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine performance of the system on a dataset of 201 lesions. We found that spiculation was among the most discriminative features. Using all features, the area under the ROC curve (A(z)) was 0.93, which was significantly higher than the performance without spiculation features (A(z)=0.90, p=0.02). On a subset of 88 cases, classification performance of CAD (A(z)=0.90) was comparable to the average performance of 10 readers (A(z)=0.87).
INVERSE DESIGN OF DIELECTRIC MATERIALS BY TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION (2012)

The capabilities and operation of electromagnetic devices can be dramatically enhanced if artificial materials that provide certain prescribed properties can be designed and fabricated. This paper presents a systematic methodology for the design of dielectric materials with prescribed electric permittivity. A gradient-based topology optimization method is used to find the distribution of dielectric material for the unit cell of a periodic microstructure composed of one or two dielectric materials. The optimization problem is formulated as a problem to minimize the square of the difference between the effective permittivity and a prescribed value. The optimization algorithm uses the adjoint variable method (AVM) for the sensitivity analysis and the finite element method (FEM) for solving the equilibrium and adjoint equations, respectively. A Heaviside projection filter is used to obtain clear optimized configurations. Several design problems show that clear optimized unit cell configurations that provide the prescribed electric permittivity can be obtained for all the presented cases. These include the design of isotropic material, anisotropic material, anisotropic material with a non-zero off-diagonal terms, and anisotropic material with loss. The results show that the optimized values are in agreement with theoretical bounds, confirming that our method yields appropriate and useful solutions.
Electromagnetic field components: their measurement using linear electrooptic and magnetooptic effects (1975)

Vector components of alternating electric and magnetic fields can be measured with excellent sensitivity and time resolution using a laser system employing Pockels effect or Faraday effect materials as field sensors. This technique offers the advantages of being passive and remote; the sensor material requires no power source and can be interrogated by a remotely located laser transmitter and receiver with no connecting wires or electrodes. This paper analyzes the sensitivity of the electrooptic and magnetooptic methods and derives new figures of merit for materials used as sensors in these applications. Experiments evaluating the temperature coefficients of sensitivity and demonstrating that sensitivities of 0.06 V/cm and 0.5 G can be achieved easily are described.