gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online Spatio-Temporal Risk Assessment for Intelligent Transportation Systems (2010)

Due to modern pervasive wireless technologies and high-performance monitoring systems, spatio-temporal information plays an important role in areas such as intelligent transportation systems (ITS), surveillance, scheduling, planning, or industrial automation. Security or criminal/terrorist threat prevention in modern ITS is one of today's most relevant concerns. This paper presents an algorithm for online spatio-temporal risk assessment in urban environments. In its first phase, the algorithm uses the online nearest neighbor clustering (NNC) algorithm to identify a set of significant places. In the second phase, a fuzzy inference engine is employed to quantify the level of risk that each significant place poses to the place of interest (e.g., vehicle, person, building, or an object of high assets). The contributions of the presented algorithm are given as follows: 1) recognition and extraction of the set of the most significant places; 2) dynamic adaptation of the solution to time-dependent traffic distributions; 3) parametric control by adjusting geographical proximity threshold, significance threshold, and discount factor; and 4) online risk assessment. The performance of the algorithm was demonstrated on a problem of traffic density estimation and risk assessment in a virtual urban environment.
Difference in Reactivity during Alkylation of 2-(2-Hydroxyaryl)-1,3-indanedione and N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)phthalimide (1999)

Friedel-Crafts type reactions of ninhydrin (1,2,3-indantri-one) have been examined by us1 and other groups.2 Besides the common arene compounds phenolic compounds could be used to prepare the corresponding 2-(2-hydroxyaryl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-indanedione derivatives such as 1.3-4 Recently, we have reported on the unusual formation of benzo[b]indeno[2,1-d]furanone ring system 3 as well as the normally expected 2 during alkylation of 2-(2-hydroxyaryl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-indanedione derivative 1 as shown in Scheme 1.4a With the aim of shedding more light on the mechanistic aspects on the reaction, we examined further and report herein the preliminary results. The formation of 3a-b could be explained by “transfer of nucleophilicity ” as shown in Scheme 1. Initially generated phenoxide nucleophilicity is
Unbiased Estimation of The Reciprocal Mean For Non-Negative Random Variables (2019)

In recent years, Monte Carlo estimators have been proposed that can estimate the ratio of two expectations without bias. We investigate the theoretical properties of a Taylor-expansion based estimator of the reciprocal mean of a non-negative random variable. We establish explicit expressions for the computational efficiency of this estimator and obtain optimal choices for its parameters. We also derive corresponding practical confidence intervals and show that they are asymptotically equivalent to the maximum likelihood (biased) ratio estimator as the simulation budget increases.
Conflict-Aware Event-Participant Arrangement and Its Variant for Online Setting (2016)

With the rapid development of Web 2.0 and Online To Offline (O2O) marketing model, various <i>online <u> e</u>vent-<u>b</u>ased <u>s</u>ocial <u>n</u>etwork<u>s </u></i> (EBSNs) are getting popular. An important task of EBSNs is to facilitate the most satisfactory event-participant arrangement for both sides, i.e., events enroll more participants and participants are arranged with personally interesting events. Existing approaches usually focus on the arrangement of each single event to a set of potential users, or ignore the conflicts between different events, which leads to infeasible or redundant arrangements. In this paper, to address the shortcomings of existing approaches, we first identify a more general and useful event-participant arrangement problem, called <i><u>G</u>lobal <u>E</u> vent-participant <u>A</u>rrangement with <u>C</u>onflict and <u>C</u> apacity</i> ( <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$GEACC$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) problem, focusing on the conflicts of different events and making event-participant arrangements in a global view. We find that the GEACC problem is NP-hard due to the conflicts among events. Thus, we design two approximation algorithms with provable approximation ratios and an exact algorithm with pruning technique to address this problem. In addition, we propose an online setting of GEACC, called OnlineGEACC, which is also practical in real-world scenarios. We further design an online algorithm with provable performance guarantee. Finally, we verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods through extensive experiments on real and synthetic datasets.
Improved estimation of the detector response function for converging beam collimators (1998)

Converging beam collimator geometries offer improved tradeoffs between resolution and noise for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The major factor limiting the resolution in SPECT is the collimator-detector response blurring. In order to compensate for this blurring it is useful to be able to calculate the collimator response function. A previous formulation presented a method for calculating the response for parallel and converging beam collimators that assumed that the shape of the holes did not change over the face of the collimator. However, cast collimators are fabricated using pins with a constant cross-section (shape perpendicular to the pin axis). As a result, due to the angulation of the pins, the holes made by these pins have shapes on the front and back faces of the collimator that change with position. This change in hole shape is especially pronounced when the angle between the collimator hole and the collimator normal is large, as is the case for half-fan-beam or short-focal-length collimators. This paper presents a derivation of a modification to the original method that accounts for the change in shape of the collimator holes. The method has been verified by comparing predicted line spread functions to experimentally measured ones for a collimator with a maximum hole angle of 35 degrees with respect to the normal. This formulation is useful for predicting the response of fan-beam collimators in the design process and for use in detector response compensation algorithms.
A 0.077 to 0.168 nJ/bit/iteration scalable 3GPP LTE turbo decoder with an adaptive sub-block parallel scheme and an embedded DVFS engine (2010)

3GPP LTE requires a 100 Mbps of peak bandwidth, and the instantaneous throughput demand changes with different applications. Fixed sub-block parallel turbo decoding scheme introduces bit-error rate (BER) performance drop when the block length is short. In this paper, an LTE turbo decoder implemented on a 0.66 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die in a 65 nm CMOS technology is presented. An adaptive sub-block parallel (ASP) decoding scheme that improves the BER performance by up to 2.7 dB while maintaining the same parallelism is developed. A DVFS engine combining with an early-termination scheme is also developed. It generates the supply voltage and the clock rate that lead to the lowest energy consumption given the output bandwidth requirement. The measured energy consumption is 0.077∼0.168 nJ per bit per iteration and 0.39∼0.85 nJ per bit.
Selective reductions. 31. Lithium triethylborohydride as an exceptionally powerful nucleophile. A new and remarkably rapid methodology for the hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides under mild conditions (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective reductions. 31. Lithium triethylborohydride as an exceptionally powerful nucleophile. A new and remarkably rapid methodology for the hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides under mild conditionsS. Krishnamurthy and Herbert C. BrownCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 18, 3085–3091Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00166a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00166a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views961Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Structure of a <i>T</i> = 1 Icosahedral Empty Particle from Southern Bean Mosaic Virus (1985)

The structure of a T = 1 icosahedral particle (where T is the triangulation number), assembled from southern bean mosaic virus coat protein fragments that lacked the amino-terminal arm, was solved by means of model building procedures with the use of 6-angstrom resolution x-ray diffraction data. The icosahedral five-, three-, and twofold contacts were found to be similar, at this resolution, to the analogous contacts (icosahedral five-, quasi-three-, and quasi-twofolds) found in the parent T = 3 southern bean mosaic virus. However, the icosahedral fivefold contacts of the T = 3 structure are the most conserved in the T = 1 capsid. These results are consistent with a mechanism in which pentameric caps of dimers are the building blocks for the assembly of T = 1 and T = 3 icosahedral viruses.
Automotive Exhaust Gas Sensing - Current Trends (2012)

Robust chemical sensors are required to efficiently control automotive combustion engines. For both gasoline and diesel applications, various types of the ceramic lambda probe for oxygen monitoring are well established. In the event of tighter limits of emission legislation and on-board diagnostics, interest in monitoring additional exhaust gas species grows continuously. This development leads to new generations of exhaust gas sensors, in particular for Diesel applications.
Quantum Entanglement in Neural Network States (2017)

Machine learning has recently gained attention as a possible way to understand phase transitions in many-body quantum systems. A new entanglement analysis reveals crucial properties of the data structures that encode quantum states in a neural network, opening new inroads in applying machine learning to quantum many-body physics.
Nature of bacterial colonization influences transcription of mucin genes in mice during the first week of life (2012)

In summary, our data show that development of the expression of genes encoding secreted (Muc2/Tff3) and membrane-bound (Muc1/Muc3/Muc4) mucus regulatory proteins, respectively, is distinct and that the onset of this development may be accelerated by specific groups of bacteria present or absent at the mucosal site.
Nitric oxide synthase activity and expression in retinal capillary endothelial cells and pericytes (1995)

The purpose of this study was to examine nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in the retinal vasculature in vivo and to study nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in vitro in retinal microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes. Immunoreactivity was examined using a polyclonal antibody raised against porcine cerebellar nitric oxide synthase on frozen sections cut from postmortem human retina and trypsin digests of rat retinal vasculature. The synthesis of nitrite, a stable end product from the interaction of NO with molecular oxygen, was measured in culture supernatants of retinal microvascular cells under basal and stimulated conditions. Expression of constitutive NOS (cNOS) in these cells was examined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Strong NOS immunoreactivity was seen in the endothelium of choroidal and retinal vessels. Nitrite synthesis was documented in supernatants from cultured microvascular endothelial cells which increased significantly following exposure to A23187 and cytokines. Nitrite synthesis by pericytes was not detectable under basal conditions or following stimulation with A23187. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent inducer of NOS, caused an increase in nitrite concentrations in pericyte supernatants 24 h after stimulation suggesting the presence of inducible NOS (iNOS). PCR amplification confirmed the presence of the cNOS gene in endothelial cells but not in pericytes. Retinal vascular endothelial cells express significant amounts of NOS constitutively in vivo and in vitro which is activated by Ca++. Also, endothelial cells can be stimulated to synthesize iNOS by cytokines. Retinal pericytes too show iNOS activity following exposure to bacterial LPS. These results suggest that the nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide pathway may be involved in the regulation of microcirculatory haemodynamics in the retina.
Electrophysiological properties of mouse bone marrow c-kit cells co-cultured onto neonatal cardiac myocytes (2005)

Our study shows that mouse BM hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a limited plasticity to transdifferentiate into cardiac myocytes in culture.
Semantic Sentence Matching with Densely-connected Recurrent and Co-attentive Information (2018)

Sentence matching is widely used in various natural language tasks such as natural language inference, paraphrase identification, and question answering. For these tasks, understanding logical and semantic relationship between two sentences is required but it is yet challenging. Although attention mechanism is useful to capture the semantic relationship and to properly align the elements of two sentences, previous methods of attention mechanism simply use a summation operation which does not retain original features enough. Inspired by DenseNet, a densely connected convolutional network, we propose a densely-connected co-attentive recurrent neural network, each layer of which uses concatenated information of attentive features as well as hidden features of all the preceding recurrent layers. It enables preserving the original and the co-attentive feature information from the bottommost word embedding layer to the uppermost recurrent layer. To alleviate the problem of an ever-increasing size of feature vectors due to dense concatenation operations, we also propose to use an autoencoder after dense concatenation. We evaluate our proposed architecture on highly competitive benchmark datasets related to sentence matching. Experimental results show that our architecture, which retains recurrent and attentive features, achieves state-of-the-art performances for most of the tasks.
Optimality of Non-Restarting CUSUM Charts (2013)

Abstract Cumulative sum (CUSUM) charts are typically used to detect a change in the distribution of a sequence of observations. These charts were originally developed for use in industry, where the deterioration of the quality of a product is monitored. If the chart signals a deterioration, the production may be suspended or a machine reset. The CUSUM chart is then restarted by setting it to some value below the signaling threshold. For processes that cannot be reset, Gandy and Lau (2013 Gandy , A. and Lau , F. D.-H. ( 2013 ). Non-Restarting Cumulative Sum Charts and Control of the False Discovery Rate , Biometrika 100 : 261 – 268 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) suggest using non-restarting CUSUM charts that give continuous signals. In this article, we explore the signaling properties of these non-restarting CUSUM charts. First, we show that non-restarting CUSUM charts are optimal, in a well-defined sense. Second, we investigate the performance of these charts when its upper boundary is varied. The results show a trade-off between the height of the upper boundary of the chart and the false signal rate.
High Resolution TEM Investigations of Nanostructures in Hard Amorphous Carbon Films (1998)

Amorphous carbon films allow the simultaneous realization of sp 3 (diamond) bonds and sp 2 (graphite) bonds. By adjusting the sp 3 : sp 2 ratio, the film properties may be varied over a broad range and in this way be adapted to the special demands of applications. Amorphous films appear featureless, but thorough investigations by means of electron microscopy reveal two kinds of structurization on the nanometer scale [CDJ 91, DJJ 90, SXT 96, VD 96], which open a wide field for Structural optimization and furthermore lead to new applications. By periodic alteration of the deposition conditions the sp 3 : sp 2 ratio (and hence density, Stiffness and so on) may be changed from layer to layer. Such density modulated multilayer stacks of the same material can e.g. be used for X-ray mirrors of high stability against diffusional degradation [DHM 95]. Presupposition for such an application are a very regular stacking sequence and very smooth interfaces. Both aspects may be controlled by special electron microscopic techniques. Under constant (special) deposition conditions a lateral structurization on the nanometer level was found consisting of patches of fullerene-like nanoparticles (nanoonions or nanotubes) dispersed in an amorphous matrix [AKZ 97, SSB 95]. The large interest in such Structures stems from their possible application as electron emitters in flat panel displays. For these TEM investigations, foils for observation parallel and perpendicular to the carbon film were prepared. In dependence on the different structural details to be investigated, optimized electron microscopic methods have been applied: - Scattering absorption contrast allows a rough visualization of density variations (e.g. for carbon investigation with Philips CM200 FEGIST: Δp ≃ 0.5 g/cm 3 at lateral resolution of Δx ≃ 1 nm). - Phase contrast shows a much higher sensitivity (for the same microscope: Δp ≃ 0.05 g/cm 3 ). It may be adapted to the characteristic Structural length: With strong underfocussing a large area phase contrast is visible (2 - 10 nm). For higher resolution the Scherzer focus is recommended; then Δx ≃ 0.24 nm is achievable with the Philips CM200 FEGIST electron microscope. - High resolution electron microscopy allows the direct observation of the atomic arrangement, e.g. with Philips CM30FEG/UT special Tubingen electron microscope: Δx ≃0.17 nm. - Off-axis electron holograms contain the complete information of the complex image wave allowing the reconstruction of both phase and amplitude of the electron object wave. By computer correction of aberrations, resolution can be further increased (for the Philips CM200 FEGIST: down to 0.13 nm)[H 97, ORL 95]. Important tools for the evaluation of the electron micrographs are Fourier techniques for image analysis and image interpretation by accompanying computer simulations.
On-the-fly Hyperlink Creation for Page Images (1995)

Hypertext is an appealing interface for digital libraries, but using existing paper documents to build such a library poses several challenges. We describe a system for creating hypertext links on the fly in a library composed of bitmapped images of paper documents and text derived from those images by optical-character recognition. We present two simple ideas: text-image maps coordinate text and image representations of a document, and our probabilistic search heuristics generate hypertext links from the text of citations. Using the World-Wide Web, we built an interface that lets readers move from a bibliography entry to the cited document with a mouse click. Similarly, readers can click on entries in the table of contents and move directly to them. INTRODUCTION This paper describes an ongoing research effort to support the use of bitmapped images as the primary storage and presentation format of future digital libraries. Using images simplifies the task of creating computerized lib...
In‐School Work Experience and the Returns to Schooling (2001)

Students often accumulate substantial work experience before leaving school. Because conventional earnings functions do not control for in‐school work experience, their estimates of the return to schooling include the benefit of work experience gained along the way. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I estimate wage models with and without controls for in‐school work experience. The estimated schooling coefficients are 25%–44% higher (depending on how I control for ability bias) when in‐school work experience is omitted than when it is included. These findings indicate that conventional models significantly overstate the wage effects of “school only.”
Modeling Customer Lifetime Value (2006)

As modern economies become predominantly service-based, companies increasingly derive revenue from the creation and sustenance of long-term relationships with their customers. In such an environment, marketing serves the purpose of maximizing customer lifetime value (CLV) and customer equity, which is the sum of the lifetime values of the company’s customers. This article reviews a number of implementable CLV models that are useful for market segmentation and the allocation of marketing resources for acquisition, retention, and cross-selling. The authors review several empirical insights that were obtained from these models and conclude with an agenda of areas that are in need of further research.
Pyruvate and Lactate Metabolism by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 under Fermentation, Oxygen Limitation, and Fumarate Respiration Conditions (2011)

Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is a facultative anaerobe that derives energy by coupling organic matter oxidation to the reduction of a wide range of electron acceptors. Here, we quantitatively assessed the lactate and pyruvate metabolism of MR-1 under three distinct conditions: electron acceptor-limited growth on lactate with O(2), lactate with fumarate, and pyruvate fermentation. The latter does not support growth but provides energy for cell survival. Using physiological and genetic approaches combined with flux balance analysis, we showed that the proportion of ATP produced by substrate-level phosphorylation varied from 33% to 72.5% of that needed for growth depending on the electron acceptor nature and availability. While being indispensable for growth, the respiration of fumarate does not contribute significantly to ATP generation and likely serves to remove formate, a product of pyruvate formate-lyase-catalyzed pyruvate disproportionation. Under both tested respiratory conditions, S. oneidensis MR-1 carried out incomplete substrate oxidation, whereby the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle did not contribute significantly. Pyruvate dehydrogenase was not involved in lactate metabolism under conditions of O(2) limitation but was required for anaerobic growth, likely by supplying reducing equivalents for biosynthesis. The results suggest that pyruvate fermentation by S. oneidensis MR-1 cells represents a combination of substrate-level phosphorylation and respiration, where pyruvate serves as an electron donor and an electron acceptor. Pyruvate reduction to lactate at the expense of formate oxidation is catalyzed by a recently described new type of oxidative NAD(P)H-independent d-lactate dehydrogenase (Dld-II). The results further indicate that pyruvate reduction coupled to formate oxidation may be accompanied by the generation of proton motive force.