gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Different Species of the <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> Group in Individuals with Japanese Cedar Pollinosis (2008)

We investigated associations of species of the Bacteroides fragilis group with Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCPsis). Cell numbers of Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides intestinalis were significantly higher in JCPsis subjects than in non-JCPsis subjects before the pollen season. They correlated positively with both symptom scores and JCPsis-specific immunoglobulin E levels.
Phosphonic acid functionalized proton exchange membranes for PEM fuel cells (2000)

In recent years there has been a shift from sulfonic acid to phosphonic acid functionality as the preferred potential polymeric material for application in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. This paper explores the synthesis of poly(trifluorostyrene)-based ionomers which contain as their ion exchange functionality the phosphonic acid grouping. The paper describes details of preparation, characteristics of the material and indications of fuel cell performance capabilities. Results show that while these materials do provide indication of demonstrable performance in experimental fuel cells, at their present stage of development they do not appear to be a serious threat to the more standard sulfonic acid-based ionomers for application in commercial fuel cell products. 14 refs., 5 figs.
Development of Thermal Barrier Coating System Using EQ Coating for Advanced Single Crystal Superalloys (2016)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Result and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References
Discoidin Domain Receptors: Unique Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Collagen-mediated Signaling (2013)

The discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) are receptor tyrosine kinases that recognize collagens as their ligands. DDRs display unique structural features and distinctive activation kinetics, which set them apart from other members of the kinase superfamily. DDRs regulate cell-collagen interactions in normal and pathological conditions and thus are emerging as major sensors of collagen matrices and potential novel therapeutic targets. New structural and biological information has shed light on the molecular mechanisms that regulate DDR signaling, turnover, and function. This minireview provides an overview of these areas of DDR research with the goal of fostering further investigation of these intriguing and unique receptors.
Preventive Effects of Oral Tolerance on Allergic Inflammation and Airway Remodeling in a Murine Model (2013)

OT may effectively prevent AHR, allergic inflammation, and airway remodeling in the upper and lower airways.
Improvement of Lesion Detection in Scintigraphic Images by SVD Techniques for Resolution Recovery (1986)

The properties of singular value decomposition (SVD) are used to implement an SVD spatial domain pseudoinverse restoration filter. This type of filter is attractive for poor imaging conditions (low spatial resolution, high image noise) and is thus appealing for nuclear medicine images. The method might offer some advantages over more traditional frequency domain filter techniques since the restoration is performed on a local rather than global basis. High-contrast thyroid phantom images collected at different count densities and low-contrast liver phantom images were processed with the SVD filter. Restored images yielded improved spatial resolution, lesion contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio. The SVD pseudoinverse restoration filter implemented as an interactive process permits the operator to terminate filtering at a stage where the visually "best" image is obtained compared to the original data. Processed images suggest that the technique may have potential for improving lesion detection in nuclear medicine.
Hemoglobin Is Expressed by Mesangial Cells and Reduces Oxidant Stress (2008)

Hemoglobin (Hb) serves as the main oxygen transporter in erythrocytes, but it is also expressed in nonhematopoietic organs, where it serves an unknown function. In this study, microarray and proteomic analyses demonstrated Hb expression in the kidney. Rat kidneys were perfused extensively with saline, and glomeruli were isolated by several techniques (sieving, manual dissection, and laser capture-microdissection). Reverse transcriptase-PCR revealed glomerular alpha- and beta-globin expression, and immunoblotting demonstrated expression of the protein. In situ hybridization studies showed expression of the globin subunits in the mesangium, and immunostaining confirmed this localization of Hb. Furthermore, globin mRNA expression was detected in primary cultures of rat mesangial cells but not in cultured glomerular endothelial or epithelial cells. For investigation of Hb function in mesangial cells, the SV40-MES13 murine mesangial cell line was transfected with a vector expressing alpha- and beta-globins; this overexpression reduced production of hydrogen peroxide-induced intracellular radical oxygen species and enhanced cell viability against oxidative stress. In summary, Hb is expressed by rat mesangial cells, and its potential functions may include antioxidative defense.
Absorption and emission spectroscopy of perylene (C20H12) isolated in Ne, Ar, and N2 matrices (1999)

The electronic absorption and emission spectra of perylene (C20H12) isolated in rare gas (Ne, Ar) and N2 matrices are presented. While the electronic band systems show, in all matrices, the same fundamental frequencies as those observed in gas-phase jet experiments, the spectra in Ar and N2 matrices exhibit much more spectral structure. The observed structure points to strong host–guest interactions and provides new insight into the low frequency modes of perylene. In particular, the spacing observed at 11 and 16 cm−1 in the S0 and S1 states, respectively, might be attributed to the gerade accordion mode of perylene. This mode, which has never been observed directly in jet experiments, could be induced into activity in solid matrices.
Competitive Inhibition of a Tumour Cell Surface Protease. A Rapid Technique for<i>in Vitro</i>Testing of Selective Targeting Systems (1990)

The active centre of a protease on the surface of tumour cells can be located by its affinity for an active site-directed inhibitor, 9-amino acridine. Cells which have uninhibited proteases, bind 9-amino acridine and fluoresce in resin sections. The leukaemic rat was used as a model system to provide tumour cells in a well defined location. Drugs when coupled to a ligand (directed to the active centre of the protease) compete for this binding site with 9-amino acridine. Thus, competitive inhibition of the tumour cell surface protease provides a rapid technique for demonstrating the delivery of liganded molecules to the surface of tumour cells in vitro.
Loss of heterozygosity and mutational alterations of the p53 gene in skin tumours of interspecific hybrid mice. (1991)

Functional alterations or loss of tumor-suppressor genes are an important feature of neoplastic progression in humans. The employment of suitable animal model systems would greatly facilitate the detection and manipulation of such genes. We describe here an experimental approach to this problem based on the analysis of skin tumors induced in F1 hybrids between Mus musculus and Mus spretus mice. The results show that loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 11 occurred in 4/13 mouse skin carcinomas, but not in premalignant papillomas. Since the murine p53 gene is located on this chromosome, immunoprecipitation and DNA-sequencing studies were carried out on tumorigenic cell lines and primary tumor DNA respectively to determine the status of p53 alleles. These studies revealed the presence of p53 mutations, both frameshifts and missense, some of which are identical to those found in human tumors. Loss of normal p53 function is found in well-differentiated squamous-cell carcinomas and thus does not appear to be directly responsible for further progression to an undifferentiated spindle cell phenotype.
A Design of the Automatic Anti-Collision System (2009)

This paper presents the design of an automatic anti- collision system which composed by embedded FPGA, DSP and ARM. TMS320DM6437 DSP as the core of the system, and Spartan-3 FPGA, S3C2410 ARM9, EP1C3T144C6 FPGA is its best match. First, we designed FPGA + DSP 3 way video surveillance system and DSP + ARM + FPGA automatic warning and control system, then combined them together to complete the whole car automatic anti-collision system. The system can make full use of the function, characteristic and operation of the three chips, which effectively implemented sound and light warning and helped cars automatically slow down and brake. The "dual control" function can gain the ends of helping the drivers minimize and avoid traffic accidents.
Miniature near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer engine for handheld applications (2012)

While substantial progress has been made recently towards the miniaturization of Raman, mid-infrared (IR), and near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers, there remains continued interest from end-users and product developers in pushing the technology envelope toward even smaller and lower cost analyzers. The potential of these instruments to revolutionize on-site and on-line applications can only be realized if the reduction in size does not compromise performance of the spectrometer beyond the practical need of a given application. In this paper, the working principle of a novel, extremely miniaturized NIR spectrometer will be presented. The ultra-compact spectrometer relies on thin-film linear variable filter (LVF) technology for the light dispersing element. We will also report on an environmental study whereby the contamination of soil by oil is determined quantitatively in the range of 0-12% by weight of oil contamination. The achieved analytical results will be discussed in terms of the instrument's competitiveness and suitability for on-site and in-the-field measurements.
Transcription Factor NF-kB as a Biomarker for Disease Progression and Target for Treatment in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia. (2007)

Abstract NF-kB is part of a multi-component signalling pathway that regulates the expression of hundreds of genes involved in the control of cell proliferation, cell survival, stress responses, innate immunity and inflammation. The principal constituents of mammalian NF-kB are p65, p50, p52, c-Rel and Rel-B and in their inactive state they are bound in the cytoplasm to the inhibitor protein IKB. Phosphorylation of IKB by IKB kinase has been shown to result in the translocation of NF-kB into the nucleus where it can bind to kB responsive elements. It has been reported that NF-kB is constitutively activated in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells. However, no previous studies have prospectively quantified the subunits of NF-kB in primary CLL cells or examined their relative expression between patient samples. Therefore, the aim of our study was to perform quantitative subunit analysis of NF-κB in freshly isolated CLL cells and examine their relationship with some of the well established clinical and molecular prognostic markers. NF-κB was evaluated using EMSA (n= 48), supershift assays and p65 subunit-specific ELISA (n=100). Apoptosis was measured at 24h and 48h using annexin V/propidium iodide labelling. We demonstrated a wide variation in NF-κB expression in CLL samples and p50, p65 and c-rel were consistently shown to be the predominant NF-kB subunits. Importantly, we showed a negative correlation between in vitro apoptosis and nuclear p65 NF-kB expression (r2 = −0.22) suggesting that high levels of p65 confer a cytoprotective effect on primary CLL cells. Furthermore, we found that p65 has a positive correlation (r2 = 0.3) with total white cell count (WBC) and CLL samples with a lymphocyte doubling time below 12 months have significantly higher p65 DNA binding (p= 0.02) implicating this NF-κB subunit in disease progression. Finally we have also demonstrated that the NF-κB inhibitor, LC-1, has potent in vitro apoptosis-inducing effects on primary CLL cells. Together, this work supports the use of specific inhibitors of NF-kB, particularly targeting p65, for treatment of CLL.
Placement of Implants Into Ridges Grafted With Bioplant HTR Synthetic Bone: Histological Long-term Case History Reports (2000)

Following alveolar ridge grafting procedures for ridge preservation, for example, the immediate filling of extraction sockets, and ridge augmentation, for example, the building up of the atrophic jawbone, punch biopsies were obtained at various times postextraction prior to the placement of endosseous root-form implants. These histological sections provided an opportunity to study the bony regenerative response to an osteoconductive synthetic graft material and longer term interactions over a period from 8 months to 12 years. The formation and remodeling of healthy dense lamina of bone in areas where bone voids previously existed either from healed or immediate extraction sockets or where there was jawbone atrophy resulting from multiple tooth loss was observed. The grafting procedures enabled dentists to place implants into sites that would have been impossible if not for these preimplant grafting procedures. The jawbone areas studied involved grafted single sites and quadrants as well as full arch augmentation with a calcified microporous copolymer (Bioplant HTR Synthetic Bone, Bioplant Inc, South Norwalk, Conn) graft material. Retrospective case reports of 24 patients were followed radiographically and clinically to 12 years post-alveolar-ridge grafting and subsequently to 5 years after implants were placed into these augmented ridges. Implant and grafting histories from 4.7 months to 17 years are reported for three of these patients. General applications of synthetic bone grafting before implant placement are recommended.
Thrombin-Induced Microglial Activation Produces Degeneration of Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons<i>In Vivo</i> (2003)

The present study examined whether thrombin-induced microglial activation could contribute to death of dopaminergic neurons in the rat substantia nigra (SN) in vivo. Seven days after thrombin injection into the SN, tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry showed a significant loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons. In parallel, thrombin-activated microglia, visualized by immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against the complement receptor type 3 (OX-42) and the major histocompatibility complex class II antigens were also observed in the SN, where degeneration of nigral neurons was found. Reverse transcription PCR at various time points demonstrated that activated microglia in vivo exhibited an early and transient expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and several proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Western blot analysis and double-label immunohistochemistry showed an increase in the expression of iNOS and COX-2 and the colocalization of these proteins within microglia. The thrombin-induced loss of SN dopaminergic neurons was partially inhibited by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, an NOS inhibitor, and by DuP-697, a COX-2 inhibitor. Additional studies demonstrated that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were activated in the SN as early as 30 min after thrombin injection, and that these kinases were localized within microglia. Inhibition of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK reduced iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression and rescued dopaminergic neurons in the SN. The present results strongly suggest that microglial activation triggered by endogenous compound(s) such as thrombin may be involved in the neuropathological processes of dopaminergic neuronal cell death that occur in Parkinson's disease.
Accelerated Wear Tests on Turfgrasses<sup>1</sup> (1961)

Synopsis Zoysia, bermuda grasses and tall fescue were the most wear resistant turfgrass varieties. Sunturf and U‐3 were the most resistant bermudagrass varieties. Grasses were less resistant to wear from spiked rollers than from scuffing feet. Stoloniferous warm‐season grasses recovered more rapidly than cool‐season grasses. Recovery of bermudagrasses was slower from injury from spiked wear elements than from scuffing feet.
Serum-derived growth factor is thrombin? (1993)

Serum-derived Growth Factor Is Thrombin?
Acute myocardial infarction in thrombotic microangiopathies—clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcome (2006)

AMI is an early, frequent and severe complication during TMA. AMI occurs especially in TTP, and serum LDH above 1,000 U/l in combination with serum troponin I above 0.20 ng/ml at TMA presentation are excellent predictors of subsequent AMI.
Effects of Vertical Anisotropy on Marine Active Source Electromagnetic Data and Inversions (2004)

E026 EFFECTS OF VERTICAL ANISOTROPY ON MARINE ACTIVE SOURCE ELECTROMAGNETIC DATA AND INVERSIONS Abstract 1 Recently much effort has been focused on the interpretation of marine controlled-source electromagnetic data for hydrocarbon detection. Of particular importance is the nature of resistivity anisotropy in horizontally-layered sedimentary sequences as this can have a profound effect on recorded electric fields and subsequent data interpretations. In this paper we investigate the effects of vertical anisotropy and demonstrate that recorded electric field amplitudes increase dramatically with increasing subsurface anisotropy. We also show that electrical anisotropy in the overburden has a much greater effect on surface measurements
Community Evolution Mining in Dynamic Social Networks (2011)

Data that encompasses relationships is represented by a graph of interconnected nodes. Social network analysis is the study of such graphs which examines questions related to structures and patterns that can lead to the understanding of the data and predicting the trends of social networks. Static analysis, where the time of interaction is not considered (i.e., the network is frozen in time), misses the opportunity to capture the evolutionary patterns in dynamic networks. Specifically, detecting the community evolutions, the community structures that changes in time, provides insight into the underlying behaviour of the network. Recently, a number of researchers have started focusing on identifying critical events that characterize the evolution of communities in dynamic scenarios. In this paper, we present a framework for modeling and detecting community evolution in social networks, where a series of significant events is defined for each community. A community matching algorithm is also proposed to effciently identify and track similar communities over time. We also define the concept of meta community which is a series of similar communities captured in different timeframes and detected by our matching algorithm. We illustrate the capabilities and potential of our framework by applying it to two real datasets. Furthermore, the events detected by the framework is supplemented by extraction and investigation of the topics discovered for each community.
Chondroitin Sulfate is the Primary Receptor for a Peptide-Modified AAV That Targets Brain Vascular Endothelium In Vivo (2014)

Recently, we described a peptide-modified AAV2 vector (AAV-GMN) containing a capsid-displayed peptide that directs in vivo brain vascular targeting and transduction when delivered intravenously. In this study, we sought to identify the receptor that mediates transduction by AAV-GMN. We found that AAV-GMN, but not AAV2, readily transduces the murine brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3, a result that mirrors previously observed in vivo transduction profiles of brain vasculature. Studies in vitro revealed that the glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate C, acts as the primary receptor for AAV-GMN. Unlike AAV2, chondroitin sulfate expression is required for cell transduction by AAV-GMN, and soluble chondroitin sulfate C can robustly inhibit AAV-GMN transduction of brain endothelial cells. Interestingly, AAV-GMN retains heparin-binding properties, though in contrast to AAV2, it poorly transduces cells that express heparan sulfate but not chondroitin sulfate, indicating that the peptide insertion negatively impacts heparan-mediated transduction. Lastly, when delivered directly, this modified virus can transduce multiple brain regions, indicating that the potential of AAV-GMN as a therapeutic gene delivery vector for central nervous system disorders is not restricted to brain vascular endothelium.
Synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters via direct transesterification with methanol/carbon dioxide mixtures from spent coffee grounds feedstock (2011)

The feasibility of in situextraction and transesterification of spent coffee ground oil into fatty acid methyl esters with supercritical methanol has been investigated in the temperature range 473–603 K, and in the pressure range 10.0–30.0 MPa. At 30.0 MPa and 603 K, a fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield of 84.9% was obtained. Carbon dioxide was added to methanol with the aim of reducing the operating temperature and pressure. It was demonstrated that at a reaction temperature of 573 K, pressure of 10.0 MPa and a CO2/MeOH molar ratio of 0.11, a FAME yield of 93.4% was obtained.
Performance study of a data flow architecture (1985)

Teams of scientists studied data flow concepts, static data flow machine architecture, and the VAL language. Each team mapped its application onto the machine and coded it in VAL. The principal findings of the study were: (1) Five of the seven applications used the full power of the target machine. The galactic simulation and multigrid fluid flow teams found that a significantly smaller version of the machine (16 processing elements) would suffice. (2) A number of machine design parameters including processing element (PE) function unit numbers, array memory size and bandwidth, and routing network capability were found to be crucial for optimal machine performance. (3) The study participants readily acquired VAL programming skills. (4) Participants learned that application-based performance evaluation is a sound method of evaluating new computer architectures, even those that are not fully specified. During the course of the study, participants developed models for using computers to solve numerical problems and for evaluating new architectures. These models form the bases for future evaluation studies.
Biosynthesis of cannabinoids (2001)

The biosynthesis of cannabinoids was studied in cut sprouts of Cannabis sativa by incorporation experiments using mixtures of unlabeled glucose and [1‐ 13 C]glucose or [U‐ 13 C 6 ]glucose. 13 C‐labeling patterns of cannabichromenic acid and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid were analyzed by quantitative NMR spectroscopy. 13 C enrichments and coupling patterns show that the C 10 ‐terpenoid moiety is biosynthesized entirely or predominantly (> 98%) via the recently discovered deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway. The phenolic moiety is generated by a polyketide‐type reaction sequence. The data support geranyl diphosphate and the polyketide, olivetolic acid, as specific intermediates in the biosynthesis of cannabinoids.
Identification of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor subtype mRNA in human pancreatic tissue (1994)

Evidence suggests a physiological role of the GABAA receptor in the pancreas. Clinically, an autoimmune reaction involving the GABA biosynthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase has been implicated in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. To determine the subtypes of GABAA receptor expressed in human pancreas, we analyzed, with the use of the reverse-transcription/polymerase chain reaction technique human pancreatic tissue for the presence of GABAA receptor subunits alpha 1-6, beta 1-3, and gamma 1-2 transcripts. Unlike brain tissue, pancreatic tissue only expresses the alpha 2, beta 3 and gamma 1 subunits. Our results provide evidence of a specific GABAA receptor subtype expressed in human pancreatic tissue.