gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Birth weight standards in the live-born population in Israel. (2005)

Use of these data as a standard for "intrauterine" growth better represents the Israeli neonatal population than the North American standards. In addition, curves of multiple pregnancies are significantly different from those of singleton pregnancies and might be more appropriate in these pregnancies.
Measurement of the Fineness of Powdered Materials (1938)

The paper describes in detail the methods of analysis at present available for measuring the fineness of powdered materials used in engineering and industrial processes. Definitions of particle size and shape are discussed, and examples are given of the size-distribution curves for typical industrial powders. Sieving or screening is used for the size grading of the comparatively coarse particles, and processes involving motion in a fluid for particles smaller than the limit of sieving. The theory of sieving and the relationship between particle size and sieve aperture are discussed. The equivalent sizes of round, square, and slotted apertures have been measured and results are given. The motion of irregularly shaped particles in a fluid is briefly described, and a method is given for calculating the falling velocity of such particles when the fluid flow round the particles is turbulent. The procedures used for the fineness analysis of sub-sieve particles are: elutriation by means of air or water, sedimentation, hydrometer readings, and the obscuring of a beam of light by dilute suspensions of the particles. Each of these processes is fully described, and the respective merits and disadvantages discussed. Tables of the nominal apertures of all the standard sieve series in industrial use, and a bibliography of about 150 references are included in the paper.
Aberrant expression of Smad4 results in resistance against the growth‐inhibitory effect of transforming growth factor‐β in the SiHa human cervical carcinoma cell line (2001)

Smad proteins activated by TGF-beta form complexes with Smad4. Upon activation, these complexes translocate to the nucleus of the cell, where they induce transcription of genes related to inhibition of cell growth, cell differentiation and apoptosis. We investigated the role of Smads in the TGF-beta-mediated signal-transduction cascade in 4 human cervical cancer cell lines: HeLa, Caski, HT-3 and SiHa. Based on our results, SiHa cells show low mRNA expression of mutated Smad4 (Gly(230)Ala, Ala(488)Val) and of Smads 2, 3, 5 and 6. SiHa cells were likewise defective in TGF-beta signaling, as evidenced by a lack of significant growth inhibition following TGF-beta treatment. In addition, TGF-beta did not induce transcription of the PAI-1 gene or change Smad protein levels. Introduction of Smad3 and/or Smad4 into SiHa cells restored TGF-beta signaling, as determined by activation of the 3TP-lux reporter gene and by prominent apoptotic cell death with PAI-1 induction. Analysis of the downstream targets activated by TGF-beta yielded rapid activation of p38 with subsequent phosphorylation of the transcription factor ATF-2 but unchanged SAPK/JNK activation in the 4 cervical cancer cell lines. Our findings demonstrate that (i) decrease of Smad4 mRNA expression is closely associated with defective TGF-beta response and lack of growth inhibition, (ii) activation of PAI-1 by TGF-beta may be Smad4-dependent and (iii) the Smad and the p38 cascades are triggered by TGF-beta independently of each other in human cervical cancer.
Detection of glycosylation abnormality in rheumatoid IgG using <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine-specific <i>Psathyrella velutina</i> lectin. (1993)

Although the galactose deficiency in the Asn297-linked sugar chains of serum IgG from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been established, structural analysis of sugar chains has not been readily available. Psathyrella velutina lectin (PVL) preferentially interacts with the N-acetylglucosamine beta 1-->2Man group, exposed at the termini of sugar chains in agalacto IgG. Biotinylated PVL reacted strongly in Western blotting with H chains of IgG derived from patients with RA. An ELISA-based assay for the detection of agalacto IgG was developed using recombinant protein G and biotinylated PVL in combination, and the screening of patients' sera was performed. PVL binding of serum IgG significantly correlated with percentage of galactose-deficient IgG determined by the structural analysis. Age-related slight increase in PVL binding was observed among normal controls. Patients with RA showed significantly higher PVL binding (37.90 +/- 42.25 U/ml, n = 93) as compared with normal controls (5.75 +/- 2.92 U/ml, n = 112) (p = 0.0001). Patients with SLE showed lower but still significant PVL binding (17.86 +/- 5.18 U/ml, n = 10, p = 0.0001). PVL binding correlated with C-reactive protein level in serial analysis of individual RA patients, and was significantly higher in the synovial fluid compared with paired serum samples. PVL binding assay may provide an ideal tool for the simple and sensitive detection of agalacto IgG.
Clinical Evidence, Issue 1. (2000)

In today's climate of practising evidence-based medicine (EBM), a concise guide to the best available evidence for effective health care is welcome. With dimensions nearly identical to the British National Formulary, Clinical Evidence would fit into the pocket of a white coat or onto the consulting room desk. It claims to provide a more “friendly” access to EBM than other sources such as the Cochrane Library or EBM journals, and is targeted at practising clinicians. With dense text and very few …
Interleukin‐15 differentially enhances the expression of interferon‐γ and interleukin‐4 in activated human (CD4<sup>+</sup>) T lymphocytes (1999)

In this study interleukin (IL)-15 was examined for its ability to modulate the expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-4 in activated human T lymphocytes. The effect of IL-15 was compared with IL-2 and IL-7, cytokines all known to use the IL-2 receptor gammaC chain. The results demonstrate that the extent of upregulation of IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA was dependent on the applied cytokine (IL-2>IL-15>IL-7) and on the stimulatory signal. IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNAs were upregulated by IL-15 in concanavalin A- (twofold) and anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28- (fivefold) stimulated T lymphocytes. IFN-gamma mRNA accumulation, but not IL-4 mRNA, was additively upregulated by IL-15 plus IL-7 (ninefold) in anti-CD3 stimulated T lymphocytes, and bypassed the requirement of CD28 signalling. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) experiments demonstrated that IFN-gamma mRNA was upregulated by IL-15 in both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, whereas IL-4 mRNA accumulation predominantly occurred in CD4+ cells. Preincubation of highly purified CD4+ T lymphocytes during 7 days with IL-15 and/or IL-7, followed by activation, also showed enhanced IL-4 protein secretion, but predominantly upregulated IFN-gamma protein. The net effect was a dramatically increased IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio. Taken together, IL-15 and IL-7 can act as costimulatory signals, which may favour a T helper 1 (Th1) immune response, particularly in the absence of sufficient CD28 costimulation.
Estudio de la Demanda de Carreras Universitarias a Nivel de Bachillerato (2016)

La presente investigación está orientada a evidenciar la importancia que tiene la educación superior para los estudiantes de bachillerato de las instituciones públicas, fiscales-fiscomisionales y municipales del cantón Quito de la provincia de Pichincha, permitiendo analizar variables como: posicionamiento de las universidades, preferencia entre distintas opciones de facultades y carreras, horarios de estudio y campos de formación. Es necesario que las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) tomen en cuenta que las exigencias de los nuevos segmentos de mercado del país se relacionan con la innovación académica, nuevos procesos y prácticas de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
The Relationship Between a Continuous‐Time Renewal Model and a Discrete Markov Chain Model of Precipitation Occurrence (1986)

A relationship between a continuous wet‐dry renewal model with gamma distributed dry intervals and a Markov chain model for daily rainfall is derived. The relationship requires numerical evaluation for the general case, but closed‐form solutions are available for the Markov process case in which dry intervals are exponentially distributed. The Markov process equations are equivalent to those derived by J. R. Green (1964) for first‐order transition probabilities, but are presented in a simplified, nonrecursive form. The Markov process relationships are examined for convergence and accuracy with simulation studies and comparison to observed rainfall records. The Markov process model is shown to provide a good representation in certain parts of the United States. In other areas where the Markov property is inappropriate due to event clustering or other phenomena the gamma model provides an improved characterization of the relationship between continuous and discrete rainfall occurrence.
Comparative analysis of whole-genome sequencing pipelines to minimize false negative findings (2019)

Comprehensive and accurate detection of variants from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a strong prerequisite for translational genomic medicine; however, low concordance between analytic pipelines is an outstanding challenge. We processed a European and an African WGS samples with 70 analytic pipelines comprising the combination of 7 short-read aligners and 10 variant calling algorithms (VCAs), and observed remarkable differences in the number of variants called by different pipelines (max/min ratio: 1.3~3.4). The similarity between variant call sets was more closely determined by VCAs rather than by short-read aligners. Remarkably, reported minor allele frequency had a substantial effect on concordance between pipelines (concordance rate ratio: 0.11~0.92; Wald tests, P < 0.001), entailing more discordant results for rare and novel variants. We compared the performance of analytic pipelines and pipeline ensembles using gold-standard variant call sets and the catalog of variants from the 1000 Genomes Project. Notably, a single pipeline using BWA-MEM and GATK-HaplotypeCaller performed comparable to the pipeline ensembles for 'callable' regions (~97%) of the human reference genome. While a single pipeline is capable of analyzing common variants in most genomic regions, our findings demonstrated the limitations and challenges in analyzing rare or novel variants, especially for non-European genomes.
Central Cholinergic Agents. 6. Synthesis and Evaluation of 3-[1-(Phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-1-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-8-yl)- 1-propanones and Their Analogs as Central Selective Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors (1994)

In an attempt to find central selective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, 3-[1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-1-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1- benzazepin-8-yl)-1-propanones 9 and their analogs were designed on the basis of our working hypothesis of the enzyme's active site. These compounds were prepared by regioselective Friedel-Crafts acylation of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepines and related nitrogen heterocycles as a key step. Most compounds showed potent inhibitory activities with IC50s in the 10-300 nM range. In order to estimate their central selectivities, we examined their effects on the apomorphine-induced circling behavior in rats with unilateral striatal lesions. Among compounds with potent AChE inhibition, 3-[1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-1-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1- benzazepin-8-yl)-1-propanone fumarate (9a, TAK-147) (IC50 of AChE inhibition = 97.7 nM) inhibited the circling behavior at 3 mg/kg po, in which it had no significant effect on peripheral cholinergic effects. This demonstrates that 9a has favorable central selectivity. Furthermore, 9a significantly ameliorated diazepam-induced passive avoidance deficit at 1 mg/kg po. The benzazepine derivative 9a was selected as a candidate for clinical evaluation.
The hypothalamus. (1972)

Knowledge of the role of the hypothalamus has accumulated rapidly during the last two decades.Thus it is now apparent that this small area of the brain is an integrative centre for the neural control of pituitary function, temperature regulation, and food and water satiety, as well as taking part in the control of the cardiovascular system.
Synthesis and some reactions of the rhodacyclopentadiene complex [Rh(CO)2{C4(CO2Me)4Rh(CO)2PPh3)}] (1981)

Electron-deficient alkynes, RO2CC2CO2R (R = H or Me), cyclotrimerize on heating in the presence of [{Rh(CO)2(PPh3)2}2], but other alkynes RC2R′(R = R′= H, Ph, Et, and CMe2OH; R = Ph, R′= H) failed to react under similar conditions. From the reaction with MeO2CC2CO2Me, have been isolated [Rh2(CO)2(PPh3)4(MeO2CC2CO2Me)] and the title compound [Rh(CO)2{[graphic omitted]h(CO)2(PPh3)}]. A possible mechanism for the cyclotrimerization reaction is discussed.
Collaborative Annotation Creation and Access in a Multimodal Environment with Heterogeneous Devices for Decision Support and for Experience Sharing (2008)

The importance of annotation as personal expression of individuals on documents of interest can not be over emphasized in decision support systems and experience sharing. An annotation model (AMIE: annotation model for information exchange) proposed the integration of the peculiarity of annotation creator for decision making. The fact that annotation can assist in decision making was well discussed in AMIE. If annotation is to be used for decision support, peculiarity of decision maker must be given proper attention specifically when it has to do with collaborative efforts. It is a known fact that more and more decision makers are favored to the use of divergent access to information devices including PDA and other non convectional devices. Possibility of information access specifically in annotation through divergent sources must be considered with substantial attention. The work gave a reviewed description of AMIE model in relation to divergences of information sources. It presented efforts made in making annotation available across divergent devices in a collaborative environment for decision making and for experience sharing. The platform of Microsoft visual studio dot net was used to experiment the proposal. Database running on SQI server CE from PDA was synchronized to the standard SQI server to permit divergent information creation and access.
Vitamin D in human reproduction: a narrative review (2013)

Background: Special attention has been given to the effect of vitamin D supplementation on fertility outcomes in both sexes. Aims: The purpose of this narrative review was to elucidate the role of vitamin D in male and female reproduction, providing current evidence from both animal and human studies. Materials and Methods: Using PubMed and Medline, we searched for publications during the last 30 years regarding the role of vitamin D in human reproduction. Results: Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that vitamin D is involved in many functions of the reproductive system in both genders. In women, vitamin D status has been associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome, features of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis. Although several data converge towards a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation in metabolic disturbances in women with PCOS, a significant knowledge gap precludes the establishment of a clear cause-effect relationship. In men, vitamin D status has been associated with semen quality and sperm count, motility and morphology. There is evidence for a favourable effect of vitamin D supplementation on semen quality, testosterone concentrations and fertility outcomes. Discussion: Studies with superior methodological characteristics are needed in order to establish a role for vitamin D on the treatment of female and male infertility. Conclusions: Recent data on vitamin D provide new insights in the complex pathogenesis and treatment of infertility.
A novel method of recognizing ageing face based on EHMM (2005)

The existing automatic methods of face recognition cannot recognize ageing faces with great changes in facial appearance. In this paper, a novel algorithm based on EHMM (embedded hidden Markov model) is presented to recognize the face with large ageing effects. Firstly, the non-linear relations between age and motions of key feature points in face are achieved by analyzing a great number of samples, and then a non-linear model is built to describe these relations. Secondly, together with PARI (partial ageing ratio image), texture of the ageing faces is predicted. Thirdly, features extracted from reconstructed images are used to train EHMM and face recognition is performed in the test set, where faces are in large age span. Experimental result shows that the algorithm proposed outperformed the traditional EHMM method.
Development of Activity Enhanced Zero Valent Metals for Permeable Reactive Barrier (2003)

The dechlorination of chlorinated methanes by iron powder and palladium coated iron (Pd/Fe) was studied in batch experiments. Iron powder dechlorinated carbon tetrachloride (CT) with a half-life of 4 days. Three chloromethane was found as major product and less chlorinated daughters. Mass balance found was to be about 93-99%. Pd/Fe showed very enhanced reactivity for CT in comparing with plain iron. The major dechlorination products of CT were also less chlorinated methanes with Pd/Fe. Pd/Fe also degrade the produced less chlorinated compounds. Sequential reactions were occurred on Pd/Fe. As the Pd/Fe content increased, the reaction rate was increased linearly.
Mouse embryo‐derived NIH3T3 fibroblasts adopt an osteoblast‐like phenotype when treated with 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> and dexamethasone in vitro (2002)

This study examines the capability of NIH3T3 fibroblasts to express osteoblastic markers following stimulation with a number of hormones and growth factors in vitro. Of the agents tested, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) dose-dependently induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in NIH3T3 cells, and this effect was enhanced by the addition of dexamethasone (Dex), which when administered alone caused no detectable ALP expression. The combined use of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and Dex also stimulated the synthesis of osteocalcin, and osteopontin. Furthermore, cells treated with the both hormones, in the presence of beta-glycerophosphate and l-ascorbic acid, formed mineralized plaques, indicating an osteoblast (OB) phenotype. By contrast, the differentiation induced by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) or 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) plus Dex was significantly antagonized by transforming growth factor-beta1 and all trans-retinoic acid. These data indicate that NIH3T3 cells have the potential to adopt an OB-like phenotype and may prove to be a convenient model for studying the early events of osteogenic differentiation and the specific interactions of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) with glucocorticoids in controlling this process in vitro.
Characteristic Analysis and Forecast of Continuous High-temperature Weather in Xingtai Area of Hebei (2014)

Through the analysis of durative high-temperature weather process occurred in Xingtai area in June of 2010,and the statistics on relative humidity and 850 hPa of temperature on high temperature day in Xingtai area during 2001- 2010,it was concluded that 500 h Pa of stable warm high-pressure ridge situation and 850 hPa of strong warm air mass control were favorable circulation situations for the formation of high temperature;sinking and adiabatic warming of high-altitude air mass was an important cause of high temperature weather generation; ground humidity at 14: 00 was small,that is,the atmosphere was very dry,and it was sunny-cloudy( high cirrus) weather,which was a necessary condition for the high temperature weather; westerly at some time was favorable condition for high temperature; 850 h Pa of temperature prediction at the station was the key.When the forecasted 850 h Pa of station temperature was 21 ℃ and above,it was reminded the forecasters in the high-temperature forecast process.
Fiber-Optic Implementation of MIL STD-1553: A Serial Bus Protocol (1987)

This thesis explores the design and implementation of a fiber optic link for use in MIL STD-1553 environments. The discussion includes specific hardware and software designs to demonstrate a basic fiber optic implementation of the standard. These designs are presented in sufficient detail to allow reconstruction with a minimum of effort. Results such as Built-In-Test performance and Maximum Data Rates are included. The design and associated fiber optic link provide a good prototype to be used for further research involving fiber optic solutions for serial data link Local Area Networks.
D-HIP: A distributed key exchange scheme for HIP-based Internet of Things (2012)

Host Identity Protocol (HIP) emerges as the most suitable identification protocol for the Internet of Things. HIP not only provides identifier/locator split but also a key agreement procedure named HIP Base Exchange, which allows secure connections between HIP peers. However, the heterogeneous and decentralized nature of IoT architecture, coupling resource-constrained networks with powerful Internet, impedes the use of HIP on small devices due to its computationally expensive cryptographic operations. In this paper, we propose a distributed lightweight key exchange protocol designed to reduce the requirements of HIP Base Exchange, in order to be supported by resource-constrained nodes.
Notizen: Preparation of Dimeric [(η<sup>5</sup>-tBu<sub>3</sub>Cp)CoBr]<sub>2</sub> and Convenient Synthesis of the Homodinuclear Cobalt Complex [(η<sup>5</sup>-tBu<sub>3</sub>Cp)Co]<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub> therefrom. (1995)

The title compound [(η 5 -tBu 3 Cp)CoBr] 2 1 is prepared in a one pot reaction starting from 1,2,4- tBu 3 -cyclopentadiene followed by metallation and by reaction of the resulting tBu 3 Cp - K + anion salt with anhydrous CoBr 2 in THF. 1 was isolated from this reaction in 78% yield as black crystals. 1 reacts with LiAlH 4 in THF at 0 °C. Subsequent alcoholysis of the crude reaction mixture with ethanol at -78 °C gives the novel trihydride cluster [(η 5 -tBu 3 Cp)Co] 2 H 3 2 in 58% isolated yield as black crystals. 2 has been characterized by 1 H NMR, ESR, MS, and IR spectroscopy, as well as by elemental analysis.
At-speed built-in test for logic circuits with multiple clocks (2003)

This paper presents an at-speed built-in test method for logic circuits with multiple clocks. It is clear that BIST (built-in self-test) plays a key role in test strategy for SoCs. It is also obvious that at-speed BIST is necessary for high quality test. Though several approaches enable at-speed BIST, there still exist several issues, such as multiple clocks, multi-cycle transfers and false paths. The proposed method realizes at-speed test for arbitrary combination of release and capture clocks at reasonable test time by utilizing the LFSR reseeding technique. Experimental results for benchmark circuits and an industrial circuit are given to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.