gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The priority token bank: Integrated scheduling and admission control for an integrated-services network (2002)

The author proposes a mechanism called the priority token bank for admission control, scheduling, and policing in integrated-services networks, where arrival processes and performance objectives can vary greatly from one packet stream to another. There are two principal components to the priority token bank: accepting or rejecting requests to admit entire packet streams, where acceptance means guaranteeing that the packet stream's performance objectives will be met, and scheduling the transmission of packets such that performance objectives are met, even under heavy loads. To the extent possible, the performance of traffic is also optimized beyond the requirements. The performance achieved with the priority token bank is compared to that of other typical algorithms. It is shown that, when operating under the constraint that the performance objectives of applications such as packet voice, HDTV (high-definition television) and bulk data transfer must be met in an ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) network, the mean delay experienced by other traffic is much better with the priority token bank. Equivalently, to achieve the same performance with other algorithms, it would be necessary to greatly reduce the network load.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure and expression in<i>Escherichia coil</i>of a cloned rat interferon-α gene (1984)

DNA synthesized by in vitro transcription on rat interferon (IFN) mRNA has been cloned and amplified as recombinant DNA. The nucleotide sequence of these rat IFN cDNA clones revealed i. the partial presence of the coding region of the gene and ii all cDNA clones were derived from the same subtype of rat IFN-alpha mRNA. Purified inserted fragments were used as a hybridisation probe against chromosomal "Southern blots" to show that at least twelve rat IFN-alpha-related sequences are present in the genome. A lambda-linked rat gene library was screened with the cDNA probes, resulting in an equivalent number of rat IFN-alpha-related hybrid phages. By use of a 3'-noncoding region as a probe, the chromosomal counterpart of the cDNA clones could be detected and the nucleotide sequence of its coding region has been determined. Expression of the coding region in E. coli yielded biologically active IFN, when tested for in vitro or in vivo antiviral activity.
Design and Implementation of Voice System Based on AMBE-2000 (2010)

This article introduces a system with superior voice quality based on AMBE-2000.The system circuit makes use of AMBE-2000 voice chip(DVSI),and it maintains natural voice quality and speech intelligibility at low data rates and provides a high degree flexibility in selecting the speech and FEC(Forward Error Correction)data rates,furthermore it's a low cost,low power circuit.The system has widely potential application in voice processing aspects,such as secure communication,voice multiplexing,satellite communication,multimedia application and cellular telephony.
HANDS: A heuristically arranged non-backup in-line deduplication system (2013)

Deduplicating in-line data on primary storage is hampered by the disk bottleneck problem, an issue which results from the need to keep an index mapping portions of data to hash values in memory in order to detect duplicate data without paying the performance penalty of disk paging. The index size is proportional to the volume of unique data, so placing the entire index into RAM is not cost effective with a deduplication ratio below 45%. HANDS reduces the amount of in-memory index storage required by up to 99% while still achieving between 30% and 90% of the deduplication a full memory-resident index provides, making primary deduplication cost effective in workloads with deduplication rates as low as 8%. HANDS is a framework that dynamically pre-fetches fingerprints from disk into memory cache according to working sets statistically derived from access patterns. We use a simple neighborhood grouping as our statistical technique to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. HANDS is modular and requires only spatio-temporal data, making it suitable for a wide range of storage systems without the need to modify host file systems.
Male infertility: the impact of assisted reproductive technologies. (1992)

Spermatozoal abnormalities are present in up to 40% of infertile couples. Multiple etiologies may be responsible for these disorders, including pretesticular, testicular, and ductal causes. An adequate andrologic consultation, including history, physical examination, and repeated semen analysis, should be performed routinely in these cases. Evaluation of the basic sperm parameters, including sperm concentration, motion parameters (as evaluated by computer-assisted semen analysis), and sperm morphology (as judged by strict criteria), constitute the first obligatory step for a critical evaluation of male factor patients. Patients in whom fertilization disorders are suspected should be evaluated through bioassays of sperm-oocyte interaction, including the heterologous sperm penetration assay and hemizona assay, a bioassay of sperm-zona binding capacity highly predictive of in vitro fertilization outcome. Male disorders can be subjected to specific therapies (surgical or medical), or to empiric therapeutic modalities. Assisted reproductive technologies have enhanced our understanding of the physiopathology of spermatozoal disorders and also have ostensibly improved pregnancy rates in male factor patients.
Automatic Control of Human Thermal Comfort by a Liquid-Cooled Garment (1980)

Astronauts utilize water cooling in a liquid-cooled garment to maintain thermal comfort during extravehicular activities (EVA's). In the Apollo and Skylab Programs, manual control of the cooling water was a necessary operation to ensure proper control of body heat storage for the EVA crewman. The development of an automatic thermal control system would be a valuable asset to the conduct of EVA, relieving the crewman of a task that can interfere with his EVA objectives. An analytical model of human thermoregulation was used to develop the equations governing the operation of such an automatic controller. A series of tests verified the feasibility of a controller utilizing only a measurement of the difference in coolant temperature into and out of the astronaut's liquid-cooled garment and an estimate of environmental heat loss to maintain the proper crewman thermal balance. Three test subjects performed over a wide range of metabolic rates, and the crewman heat balance was maintained well within allowable medical limits. This study demonstrates the use of a mathematical model to generate previously unknown physiological relationships between human thermal comfort and liquid cooled garment performance. In so doing, it quantitates physiological parameters that are difficult to relate directly by experiment. Index terms: body temperature regulation, space suit cooling, temperature control, human thermoregulation.
FREQUÊNCIA CARDÍACA E PERCEPÇÃO SUBJETIVA DE ESFORÇO NO CICLISMO AQUÁTICO EM DUAS PROFUNDIDADES DE IMERSÃO (2013)

This study aimed to verify the response of heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in the aquatic cycling in the depth of the umbilicus scar (UMB) and xiphoid process (XIF). Ten subjects performed two incremental tests in aquatic bicycle where the increment of loads is performed by increasing the cadence. The initial cadence was 50 rpm and 3 rpm increment at each stage of 1 min. until exhaustion. We observed higher values of HRmax in depth of XIF with no differences in cadence and maximum RPE, respectively. There was dissociation of HR from the 5th stage, being higher in the depth of XIF. Thus, by manipulating the immersion in aquatic cycling, it can be obtained different cardiac responses to the same pedaling cadence.
Probing Quantum Memory Effects in the Single Photon Regime (2017)

International audience
Hue-shifted monomeric variants of Clavulariacyan fluorescent protein: identification of the molecular determinants of color and applications in fluorescence imaging (2008)

Based on the results of our mutagenesis study, we conclude that the two histidine residues in close proximity to the chromophore are approximately equal determinants of the blue-shifted fluorescence emission of mTFP1. With respect to live cell imaging applications, the mTFP1-derived mWasabi should be particularly useful in two-color imaging in conjunction with a Sapphire-type variant or as a fluorescence resonance energy transfer acceptor with a blue FP donor. In all fusions attempted, both mTFP1 and mWasabi give patterns of fluorescent localization indistinguishable from that of well-established avGFP variants.
Selectivity of antidepressants: from the monoamine hypothesis of depression to the SSRI revolution and beyond. (2004)

In 2003, available pharmacotherapy for mood disorders was based almost entirely on observations from the 1950s and 1960s that agents that enhance monoamine transmitter function are effective antidepressants. Preclinical studies show that chronic administration of all effective antidepressants increases the efficiency of post-synaptic 5-HT transmission. Many antidepressants also modify nor-adrenergic function in the central nervous system. For the majority of antidepressants, these long-term changes in serotonergic and/or noradrenergic function result from direct antagonism of serotonin and/ or norepinephrine transporters (also termed "uptake sites"). Pharmacotherapy that is highly selective for one transporter over another has been demonstrated to be effective and tolerable, whereas agents that act on multiple transporters may not necessarily achieve better efficacy and may be associated with additional adverse events. Nevertheless, the rationale is in place to suggest that antidepressants that block both the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters might provide better efficacy, which can only be determined by empirical testing.
Production of a monoclonal antibody to the arylphorin of <i>Heliothis zea</i> (1988)

Abstract A species‐specific monoclonal antibody was produced to whole plasma of fifth instar larvae of the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). This antibody did not cross‐react with proteins from the plasma of any of the other lepidopteran larvae tested, including other Heliothis spp. The antigen recognized by this antibody was characterized and found to be arylphorin, a prominent larval storage protein. This conclusion was based on the electrophoretic as well as immunological characteristics of the antigen. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the antigen had an apparent native molecular weight of 460,000, and that it was composed of subunits having apparent molecular weights of 76,000. The isoelectric point of the antigen was 5.9, with some microheterogeneity being seen. Western blotting of arylphorin against the monoclonal antibody clearly identified the antigen as arylphorin. This protein was not found in egg homogenates or early instar larval plasma, but it was present in large quantities in pupal homogenates and, at trace levels, in adult homogenates. The efficient production and selection of hybridomas producing antibodies specific to H. zea arylphorin using unfractionated plasma as immunogen illustrates the fact that monoclonal antibody technology can produce highly specific antibodies using crude antigen preparations. We discuss the tradeoffs one must accept when choosing this strategy over one using purified immunogens.
Retinol‐binding protein 4 as a plasma biomarker of renal dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes (2007)

Plasma RBP4 concentration might be a biomarker of nephropathy and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic subjects.
<i>In vivo</i> enzymatic modulation of IgG glycosylation inhibits autoimmune disease in an IgG subclass-dependent manner (2008)

IgG antibodies are potent inducers of proinflammatory responses. During autoimmune diseases such as arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, IgG autoantibodies are responsible for the chronic inflammation and destruction of healthy tissues by cross-linking Fc receptors on innate immune effector cells. The sugar moiety attached to the asparagine-297 residue in the constant domain of the antibody is critical for the overall structure and function of the molecule. Removal of this sugar domain leads to the loss of the proinflammatory activity, suggesting that in vivo modulation of antibody glycosylation might be a strategy to interfere with autoimmune processes. In this work, we investigated whether removal of the majority of the IgG-associated sugar domain by endoglycosidase S (EndoS) from Streptococcus pyogenes is able to interfere with autoimmune inflammation. We demonstrate that EndoS injection efficiently removes the IgG-associated sugar domain in vivo and interferes with autoantibody-mediated proinflammatory processes in a variety of autoimmune models. Importantly, however, we observed a differential impact of EndoS-mediated sugar side chain hydrolysis on IgG activity depending on the individual IgG subclass.
Assembly of a tetrameric α‐helical bundle: Computer simulations on an intermediate‐resolution protein model (2001)

Discontinuous molecular dynamics (DMD) simulation on an intermediate-resolution protein model is used to study the folding of an isolated, small model peptide to an amphipathic alpha-helix and the assembly of four of these model peptides into a four-helix bundle. A total of 129 simulations were performed on the isolated peptide, and 50 simulations were performed on the four-peptide system. Simulations efficiently sample conformational space allowing complete folding trajectories from random initial configurations to be observed within 15 min for the one-peptide system and within 15 h for the four-peptide system on a 500-MHz workstation. The native structures of both the alpha-helix and the four-helix bundle are consistent with experimental characterization studies and with results from previous simulations on these model peptides. In both the one- and four-peptide systems, the native state is achieved during simulations within an optimal temperature range, a phenomenon also observed experimentally. The ease with which our simulations yield reasonable estimates of folded structures demonstrates the power of the intermediate-resolution model developed for this work and the DMD algorithm and suggests that simulations of very long times and of multiprotein systems may be possible with this model.
Phase II enzyme inducer, sulforaphane, inhibits UVB‐induced AP‐1 activation in human keratinocytes by a novel mechanism (2004)

Ultraviolet (UV) light-induced activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1), resulting at least in part from oxidative stress, promotes skin carcinogenesis. It has not yet been determined whether elevating cellular phase II enzymes and glutathione (GSH) levels inhibits the AP-1 activation. We have, therefore, examined the effects of two well-known inducers of phase II enzymes, sulforaphane (SF) and tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), on UVB-induced AP-1 activation, with an AP-1-luciferase reporter plasmid that was stably transfected into human HaCaT keratinocytes (HCL14 cells). Exposure of HCL14 cells to SF or tBHQ led to the induction of quinone reductase-1 (QR-1), a marker of global cellular phase II enzymes, as well as elevation of cellular GSH levels. Incubation of the cells with 1-10 microM SF or 11-45 microM tBHQ for 24 h resulted in up to 1.4-fold and 1.7-fold increase of QR-1 activity, respectively, and up to 1.5-fold and 1.6-fold increases in cellular GSH levels, respectively. AP-1 activation was dramatically enhanced by irradiating HCL14 cells with 250 J/m(2) of UVB. While the above SF treatment dose-dependently reduced the UVB-induced AP-1 activation in HCL14 cells, the tBHQ treatment did not, suggesting that elevating cellular phase II enzymes and GSH levels may not lead to inhibition of UVB-induced AP-1 activation. Indeed, depleting cellular GSH by 80% did not affect UVB-induced AP-1 activation either. Subsequent electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showed that SF added directly to the EMSAs inhibited AP-1 DNA binding activity, whereas tBHQ was ineffective. Taken together, our results indicated that elevating phase II enzymes and GSH levels in human keratinocytes does not lead to significant inhibition of UVB-induced AP-1 activation. The inhibitory effect of SF on UVB-induced AP-1 activation appears to be at least partly due to the direct inhibition of AP-1 DNA binding activity. This direct effect of SF on AP-1 DNA binding is a novel mechanism for the action of a drug inhibitor of AP-1 activation.
Human autoantibodies against desmoplakins in paraneoplastic pemphigus. (1992)

Recently, a previously unrecognized autoantibody mediated blistering disease, paraneoplastic pemphigus has been described. Paraneoplastic pemphigus is associated with lymphoid malignancies, thymomas, and poorly differentiated sarcomas. Serum of affected patients contain pathogenic autoantibodies that immunoprecipitate from normal keratinocytes a characteristic complex of four polypeptides with M(r) of 250, 230, 210, and 190 kD. As our preliminary studies indicated that the 250-kD and the 210-kD antigens comigrated with desmoplakins I and II, we investigated the possibility that autoantibodies against the desmoplakins were a component of this autoimmune syndrome. 11 sera from affected patients were tested by indirect immunofluorescence against desmosome containing tissues, immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled keratinocytes, and Western immunoblotting of desmoplakins I and II that had been purified to homogeneity from pig tongue epithelium. By indirect immunofluorescence, 9 of 11 sera showed strong binding to epithelial and nonepithelial desmosomes, and 2 were weakly reactive. All 11 immunoprecipitated 250- and 210-kD bands of variable intensity that comigrated with bands identified by a murine monoclonal antidesmoplakin antibody, and immunoblotting confirmed binding of the serum autoantibodies to purified desmoplakins. This demonstrates that paraneoplastic pemphigus is the first human autoimmune syndrome in which autoantibodies against the desmoplakins are a prominent component of the humoral autoimmune response.
Retroreflector Field Tracker (1984)

The Retroreflector Field Tracker (RFT) is an electro-optical position-measuring instrument which is part of the Dynamic Augmentation Experiment (DAE) to be used on the Solar Array Experiment (SAE), a NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) experimental shuttle payload. The tracker measures and outputs the position of 23 reflective targets placed on a 32-meter solar array to provide data for determination of the dynamics of the lightweight structure. As such, the RFT is a noncontact optical position sensor that can be used in applications such as large space structure alignment, rendezvous and docking, and surface figure control of large antennas. The basic sensor operation, tracking logic, and position algorithms are extensions of concepts developed for star tracking. The solid-state sensor uses a 256 x 256 pixel charge injection device (CID) detector; the processor electronics employ three Z-80 microprocessors. The RFT includes a pulsed laser diode illuminator to project light onto retroreflective tape targets on the solar array. The RFT measures position to within *3 millimeters for all targets on the 32-meter array, resulting in an angular resolution of 19 arc seconds (1 sigma). The data output consists of target number, boresight angles, and orbiter coordinates. The data output rate is 2 hertz. The RFT is scheduled to be flown as part of the OAST-1 payload on Space Shuttle flight 41-D in Summer 1984.
CHIMERA II : a real-time UNIX-compatible multiprocessor operating system for sensor-based control applications (2018)

Abstract: "This paper describes the CHIMERA II multiprocessing operating system, which has been developed to provide the flexibility, performance, and UNIX-compatible interface needed for fast development and implementation of parallel real-time control code. The operating system is intended for sensor-based control applications such as robotics, process control, and manufacturing. The features of CHIMERA II include support for multiple general purpose CPUs; support for multiple special purpose processors and I/O devices; a UNIX-like environment, which supports most standard C system and library calls; standardized interrupt and exception handlers; and a user interface which serves as a terminal interface to the executing code. CHIMERA II also offers an attractive set of interprocessor communication features.The system-level express mail facility provides transparent access to a host file system and remote devices, and provides the basis for implementing user-level interprocessor communication. Application programmers have the choice of using shared memory, message passing, remote semaphores, or other special synchronization primitives for communicating between multiple processors. As an example of an actual implementation, we are currently using CHIMERA II to control a multi-sensor based robot system. The system runs on a Sun workstation host, with one or more Ironics M68020 processing boards, connected over a VME backplane. The system contains various special purpose processors, including a Mercury 3200 Floating Point Unit and an Androx Image Processor. The system also supports a variety of sensors and devices for real-time systems, which currently include a camera, force and tactile sensors, and a joystick."
A Survey of Botnet and Botnet Detection (2009)

Among the various forms of malware, botnets are emerging as the most serious threat against cyber-security as they provide a distributed platform for several illegal activities such as launching distributed denial of service attacks against critical targets, malware dissemination, phishing, and click fraud. The defining characteristic of botnets is the use of command and control channels through which they can be updated and directed. Recently, botnet detection has been an interesting research topic related to cyber-threat and cyber-crime prevention. This paper is a survey of botnet and botnet detection. The survey clarifies botnet phenomenon and discusses botnet detection techniques. This survey classifies botnet detection techniques into four classes: signature-based, anomaly-based, DNS-based, and mining-base. It summarizes botnet detection techniques in each class and provides a brief comparison of botnet detection techniques.