gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs)]. (2014)

Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) are a new class of anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic agents that have structural and functional similarities with their prototype compound, thalidomide. Although thalidomide and its derivatives, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, are widely used as an essential component in the treatment of selected hematologic neoplasms including multiple myeloma, the precise mechanisms by which these agents exert anti-tumor effects have yet to be clarified. Recently, a component of E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, cereblon (CRBN), has been identified as a direct molecular target for anti-neoplastic activities of IMiDs. CRBN has also been shown to be involved in IMiDs-mediated T-cell co-stimulation and cytokine production. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the CRBN-related molecular pathways that are essential for antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of IMiDs.
Designing a Novel SOA Architecture for Security and Surveillance WSNs with COTS (2007)

We consider the challenge of enhancing sensor networks for surveillance and global security with increased distributed data processing capabilities, including multi-sensor fusion, data aggregation or mining, and rule-based alert generation. We advocate a novel architecture that will enable the creation of more resilient and complex monitoring applications. We exemplify its benefits in a chemical accident scenario. The architecture introduces new processing nodes in the field and derives the requirements for the software they will run. We propose to consider the use of a service oriented architecture (SOA) to program and deploy the data processing applications. We analyze existing and on-going work within the Web Services community and conclude that it is possible to implement the architecture with an appropriate combination of COTS (commercial off-the-shelf software components). We conclude with our plans to move forward in this direction and validate the approach on a hardware and software testbed.
State of the art in CMOS threshold logic VLSI gate implementations and systems (2003)

In recent years, there has been renewed interest in Threshold Logic (TL), mainly as a result of the development of a number of successful implementations of TL gates in CMOS. This paper presents a summary of the recent developments in TL circuit design. High-performance TL gate circuit implementations are compared, and a number of their applications in computer arithmetic operations are reviewed. It is shown that the application of TL in computer arithmetic circuit design can yield designs with significantly reduced transistor count and area while at the same time reducing circuit delay and power dissipation when compared to conventional CMOS logic.
Putrescine Importer PlaP Contributes to Swarming Motility and Urothelial Cell Invasion in Proteus mirabilis (2013)

Previously, we reported that the speA gene, encoding arginine decarboxylase, is required for swarming in the urinary tract pathogen Proteus mirabilis. In addition, this previous study suggested that putrescine may act as a cell-to-cell signaling molecule (Sturgill, G., and Rather, P. N. (2004) Mol. Microbiol. 51, 437-446). In this new study, PlaP, a putative putrescine importer, was characterized in P. mirabilis. In a wild-type background, a plaP null mutation resulted in a modest swarming defect and slightly decreased levels of intracellular putrescine. In a P. mirabilis speA mutant with greatly reduced levels of intracellular putrescine, plaP was required for the putrescine-dependent rescue of swarming motility. When a speA/plaP double mutant was grown in the presence of extracellular putrescine, the intracellular levels of putrescine were greatly reduced compared with the speA mutant alone, indicating that PlaP functioned as the primary putrescine importer. In urothelial cell invasion assays, a speA mutant exhibited a 50% reduction in invasion when compared with wild type, and this defect could be restored by putrescine in a PlaP-dependent manner. The putrescine analog Triamide-44 partially inhibited the uptake of putrescine by PlaP and decreased both putrescine stimulated swarming and urothelial cell invasion in a speA mutant.
Protective groups in the chemical synthesis of oligoribonucleotides (2013)

The methods of chemical oligoribonucleotide synthesis and the protective groups used are reviewed. The latest data on the protection of 2′-OH functions of nucleotide derivatives used as monomers for the RNA synthesis are comprehensively discussed.
A systolic VLSI architecture for complex SVD (2003)

A systolic algorithm for the SVD (singular value decomposition) of arbitrary complex matrices based on the cyclic Jacobi method with parallel ordering is presented. A novel two-step, two-sided unitary transformation scheme, tailored to the use of CORDIC (coordinate rotation digital computer) algorithms for high-speed arithmetic, is employed to diagonalize a complex 2*2 matrix. Architecturally, the complex SVD array is modeled on the Brent-Luk-VanLoan array for real SVD. An expandable array of O(n/sup 2/) complex 2*2 matrix processors computes the SVD of an n*n matrix in O(n log n) time. A CORDIC architecture for the complex 2*2 processor with an area complexity twice that of a real 2*2 processor is proposed. Computation time for the complex SVD array is less than three times that for a real SVD array with a similar CORDIC-based implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-speed femtosecond pump probe spectroscopy with a smart pixel detector array (2003)

A new femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy technique is demonstrated that permits the high-speed, parallel acquisition of pump-probe measurements at multiple wavelengths. This is made possible by use of a novel, two-dimensional smart pixel detector array that performs amplitude demodulation in real time on each pixel. This detector array can not only achieve sensitivities comparable with lock-in amplification but also simultaneously performs demodulation of probe transmission signals at multiple wavelengths, thus permitting rapid time- and wavelength-resolved femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Measurements on a thin sample of bulk GaAs are performed across 58 simultaneous wavelengths. Differential probe transmission changes as small as approximately 2 x 10(-4) can be measured over a 5-ps delay scan in only approximately 3 min. This technology can be applied to a wide range of pump-probe measurements in condensed matter, chemistry, and biology.
Pancreatic vasopressin V<sub>1b</sub>receptors: characterization in In-R1-G9 cells and localization in human pancreas (2003)

Vasopressin (AVP) receptors present in In-R1-G9 cells, a hamster glucagon-secreting alpha-pancreatic cell line, were characterized using SSR-149415, a selective nonpeptide V1b receptor antagonist, and reference AVP compounds. Binding experiments, using [3H]AVP as a ligand, identified a single population of high-affinity binding sites. SSR-149415 competitively inhibited this binding and exhibited nanomolar and stereospecific affinity for these sites. The affinity of various AVP/oxytocin ligands confirmed a V1b binding profile. In functional studies, AVP was a potent stimulant in inducing intracellular Ca2+ increase, glucagon secretion, and cell proliferation. These effects were fully antagonized by SSR-149415 with a nanomolar potency, whereas its diasteroisomer as well as two selective V1a and V2 receptor antagonists were much less potent. Additionally, the order of potency of AVP agonists and antagonists was in agreement with V1b-mediated effects. By RT-PCR, we confirmed the presence of V1b receptor mRNA in both In-R1-G9 cells and in human pancreas. The distribution pattern of V1b receptors investigated in human pancreas by immunohistochemistry showed strong labeling in islets of Langerhans, and colocalization studies indicated that this receptor was expressed in alpha-glucagon, beta-insulin, and somatostatin pancreatic cells. Thus, in In-R1-G9 cells, AVP mediates intracellular Ca2+ increase, glucagon secretion, and cell proliferation by activating V1b receptors, and these effects are potently antagonized by SSR-149415. Moreover, the presence of V1b receptors also found in human Langerhans islets could suggest hormonal control of AVP in human pancreas.
Genetic Control Review of Cell Division Patterns in Developing Plants (1997)

Understanding the control of the patterns and numbers cells that will later form leaves or flowers is in the primary of cell divisions in developing plants and animals is cen- SAM (Figure 1; Figure 2A). This small collection of cells tral to understanding the mechanisms of development. forms during embryogenesis and serves as a population However, we know almost nothing about this control: of stem cells throughout the postembryonic developwe have no idea how a particular organ realizes its even- ment of the plant. There are three initial activities of tual cell number (and thus size) and have little idea of the SAM after seed germination: production of leaves, how the regional patterns of cell division that are a criti- formation of stem, and maintenance of the meristem in cal part of organogenesis are established or maintained. its (approximate) original size and shape, to continue to These problems can be studied in a very straightforward serve as a population of stem cells. manner in flowering plant development: plants do not The SAM is divided, generally, into three zones of use the standard animal mechanisms of cell migration different cytological appearance: the central zone (or and migration of sheets of cells, and although plants zone of initials), at the apex of the meristem, where cell use programmed cell death in many ways, they do not divisions are infrequent; the peripheral zone, surroundappear to use it to achieve appropriate cell numbers in ing the central zone, where cell divisions are relatively developing organs or stem cell populations. Further- rapid; and the rib meristem beneath the central zone, more, plant cells do not slide or slip relative to one where divisions are also rapid (Figure 2B) (Steeves and another. Organogenesis in flowering plants thus results Sussex, 1989). Leaves form in the peripheral zone on almost entirely from patterned control of the numbers, the flanks of the SAM, and the central cells of the stem places, and planes of cell divisions, coupled with regu- originate in the rib meristem. The leaves form as a result lated and coordinated cellular expansion. of activation of specific regions in which the planes of The most-studied roles of patterned cell divisions in new cell walls of subepidermal cells are parallel to the the development of flowering plants are those of shoot surface (periclinal divisions). The division of cells in the development (including formation of leaves and flowers) central zone allows maintenance of the meristem itself and primary root development. Embryos also have been and also provides new cells to the peripheral zone and studied in depth, but because cell division patterns in rib meristem. Continued division of the cells of the rib embryos have recently been reviewed, they are not dis- meristem and the peripheral zone results in the SAM’s
A block-matching module for video compression (2002)

A block-matching module for motion compensation is presented. It has been designed for portable H.261-compliant videotelephony applications. The module has digital I/O and adopts analog computation techniques to reduce power consumption below the milliwatt range for QCIF images at 15 frames/s. The area occupied by the computational array is 2.5/spl times/2.5 mm/sup 2/ in double metal, single poly 1.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Functional analysis of the human neurofilament light chain gene promoter (1993)

We have carried out a structural and functional analysis on the human NF-L (H-NF-L) gene. It contains a methylation-free island, spanning the 5' flanking sequences and the first exon and a number of neuronal-specific DNase I hypersensitive sites have been identified in the upstream region as well as within the body of the gene. Analysis in cell lines and transgenic mice using a combination of these sites has revealed the presence of a conserved element(s) between -300bp and -190bp which is required for neuronal-specific expression.
Design studies of volume-pumped photolytic systems using a photon transport code (1982)

The use of volume sources, such as nuclear pumping, presents some unique features in the design of photolytically driven systems (e.g., lasers). In systems such as these, for example, a large power deposition is not necessary. However, certain restrictions, such as self-absorption, limit the ability of photolytically driven systems to scale by volume. A photon transport computer program was developed at the University of Missouri-Columbia to study these limitations. The development of this code is important, perhaps necessary, for the design of photolytically driven systems. With the aid of this code, a photolytically driven iodine laser was designed for utilization with a 3He nuclear-pumped system with a TRIGA reactor as the neutron source. Calculations predict a peak power output of 0.37 kW. Using the same design, it is also anticipated that the system can achieve a 14-kW output using a fast burst-type reactor neutron source, and a 0.65-kW peak output using 0.1 Torr of the alpha emitter radon-220 as part of the fill. The latter would represent a truly portable laser system.
[An experimental study on antiviral effects of IFN alpha]. (2005)

STAT1, STAT2, IFNAR mRNA and protein expressions could all be markedly up-regulated after IFN alpha treatment. Effects of IFN alpha1b or IFN alpha2b were greatly stronger than IFN alpha2a. The PKR mRNA expression also was greatly up-regulated after IFN alpha treatment. Expression levels of PKR in IFN alpha1b, IFN alpha2b, and IFN alpha2a groups were all similar. The mRNA level results were consistent with the protein level results. Our results showed that the antiviral activity of IFN alpha1b or IFN alpha2b were stronger than that of IFN alpha2a. The signal transduction molecules STAT1, STAT2, and IFNAR could be regarded as a key index to evaluate antiviral activity of IFN alpha. Further confirmation is still needed to see whether PKR could be regarded as a key index.
An approach for fault tolerant and secure data storage in collaborative work environments (2005)

We describe a novel approach for building a secure and fault tolerant data storage service in collaborative work environments, which uses perfect secret sharing schemes to store data. Perfect secret sharing schemes have found little use in managing generic data because of the high computation overheads incurred by such schemes. Our proposed approach uses a novel combination of XOR secret sharing and replication mechanisms, which drastically reduce the computation overheads and achieve speeds comparable to standard encryption schemes. The combination of secret sharing and replication manifests itself as an architectural framework, which has the attractive property that its dimension can be varied to exploit tradeoffs amongst different performance metrics. We evaluate the properties and performance of the proposed framework and show that the combination of perfect secret sharing and replication can be used to build efficient fault-tolerant and secure distributed data storage systems.
A FLUID LIPID‐GLOBULAR PROTEIN MOSAIC MODEL OF MEMBRANE STRUCTURE* (1972)

The thermodynamic and experimental bases for the lipid-globular protein mosaic model for the organization of biological membranes, which was proposed some six years ago<sup>16</sup> (Lenard and Singer, 1966) and has since been elaborated <sup>6,26</sup> are described. In this model, the integral proteins of membranes are postulated to have an amphipathic structure in the intact membrane; that is, their ionic and highly polar groups are largely located on the membrane surfaces in contact with the aqueous medium, while their nonpolar residues are sequestered from contact with water in the membrane interior. These proteins are intercalated into a discontinuous lipid bilayer in this model. Recent experimental results are consistent with the suggestion that the lipid forms the matrix of the mosaic, and since the membrane lipid is generally fluid rather than crystalline under physiological conditions, the mosaic is expected to be a dynamic one. That is, the membrane appears to be a two-dimensional viscous solution, with its components able to undergo translational diffusion in the plane of the membrane. Some of the many important functional and physiological corollaries of this structural hypothesis are discussed.
Effect of Different Concentrations of Kinetin and NAA on Micropropagation of Gardenia Jasminoides (2009)

The goal of this study was to use plant tissue culture technique in vegetative propagation of Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) by using single nodes and shoot tips excised from soft cuttings and treated with different concentrations of growth regulators.The results revealed that the use of different disinfistants was highly effective in reducing cultures contamination. The use of mercuric chloride (0.1%, HgCl2) for 10 minutes was very effective in preventing contamination and gave the highest survival percentage (99%). During the culture of shoot tips at initiation stage, a nutrient medium contained (2 mgl-1 kinetin+ 0.6 mgl-1 NAA) gave the highest values of average number of shoots and leaves and growth length (2.3 shoots/ explant, 2.4 leaves and 1.9 cm respectively).At vegetative multiplication stage, The culture of shoot tips on a nutrient medium containing (3 mgl-1 kinetin) gave the highest values of average number of shoots and leaves (2.9 shoots/ explant, 3.6 leaves respectively).As for growth length, the results revealed that the highest value was achieved by MS medium supplemented by 2 mgl-1 kinetin + 0.1 mgl-1 NAA (3.3 cm). Regarding rooting process, MS medium supplemented by 4 mgl-1 NAA gave the highest average number and length of roots (4.0 roots and 2.50 cm respectively).Also, the medium supplemented by 8 mgl-1 IAA gave the highest number and length of roots (3.40 roots and 3.50 cm respectively). Plantlets obtained were transferred to pots and acclimatized with 95 % success.
Apolipoprotein C-III is an Amyloid-β-Binding Protein and an Early Marker for Alzheimer's Disease (2014)

It has been demonstrated that peripheral injection of anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) antibodies to patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD transgenic mice facilitate Aβ clearance. We hypothesized that peripheral circulating Aβ-binding proteins also possess the ability to enhance Aβ clearance and the levels of circulating Aβ-binding proteins could serve as early AD biomarkers. Circulating Aβ-binding proteins were isolated from plasma and identified by LC-MS/MS. Their levels were compared among non-demented individuals without AD family history (ND), with AD family history (ND-FH), and patients with mild AD. The results showed that most of the identified Aβ-binding proteins were apolipoproteins, i.e., apoA-I, apoB-100, apoC-III, and apoE. Aβ bound preferentially to apoA-I-enriched HDL, followed by apoC-III- and apoE-enriched VLDL, and bound less favorably to apoB-100-enriched LDL. Levels of apoA-I were reduced in AD patients and could be used to discriminate AD from ND groups (AUC: 0.93); whereas levels of apoC-III were reduced in both ND-FH and AD groups and could be used to differentiate ND-FH from ND individuals (AUC: 0.81). Both the levels of apoA-1 and apoC-III positively correlated with CASI and MMSE scores. In conclusion, these results suggest that plasma apoA-I could be a sensitive AD biomarker and individuals with low plasma levels of apoC-III are at risk for AD.
On the Approximation of Toeplitz Operators for Nonparametric $\mathcal{H}_\infty$-norm Estimation (2017)

Given a stable SISO LTI system $G$, we investigate the problem of estimating the $\mathcal{H}_\infty$-norm of $G$, denoted $||G||_\infty$, when $G$ is only accessible via noisy observations. Wahlberg et al. recently proposed a nonparametric algorithm based on the power method for estimating the top eigenvalue of a matrix. In particular, by applying a clever time-reversal trick, Wahlberg et al. implement the power method on the top left $n \times n$ corner $T_n$ of the Toeplitz (convolution) operator associated with $G$. In this paper, we prove sharp non-asymptotic bounds on the necessary length $n$ needed so that $||T_n||$ is an $\varepsilon$-additive approximation of $||G||_\infty$. Furthermore, in the process of demonstrating the sharpness of our bounds, we construct a simple family of finite impulse response (FIR) filters where the number of timesteps needed for the power method is arbitrarily worse than the number of timesteps needed for parametric FIR identification via least-squares to achieve the same $\varepsilon$-additive approximation.
The emergence of Lyme disease (2004)

Since its identification nearly 30 years ago, Lyme disease has continued to spread, and there have been increasing numbers of cases in the northeastern and north central US. The Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi, causes infection by migration through tissues, adhesion to host cells, and evasion of immune clearance. Both innate and adaptive immune responses, especially macrophage- and antibody-mediated killing, are required for optimal control of the infection and spirochetal eradication. Ecological conditions favorable to the disease, and the challenge of prevention, predict that Lyme disease will be a continuing public health concern.
<title>Method for measuring the public's appreciation and knowledge of bank notes</title> (2002)

No matter how sophisticated a banknotes' security features are, they are only effective if the public uses them. Surveys conducted by the De Nederlandsche Bank (the Dutch central bank, hereinafter: DNB) in the period 1989-1999 have shown that: the more people like a banknote, the more they know about it, including its security features; there is a positive correlation between the appreciation of a banknote (beautiful or ugly) and the knowledge of its security features, its picture and text elements; hardly anybody from the general public knows more than 4 security features by heart, which is why the number of security features for the public should be confined to a maximum of 4; the average number of security features known to a Dutchman was about 1.7 in 1999; over the years, the awareness of banknote security features gradually increased from 1.03 to 1983 to 1.7 in 1999, as a result of new banknote design and information campaigns. In 1999, DNB conducted its last opinion poll on NLG-notes. After the introduction of the euro banknotes on 1 January 2002, a new era of measurements will start. It is DNB's intention to apply the same method for the euro notes as it is used to for the NLG-notes, as this will permit: A comparison of the results of surveys on Dutch banknotes with those of surveys on the new euro notes (NLG) x (EUR); a comparison between the results of similar surveys conducted in other euro countries: (EUR1)x(EUR2). Furthermore, it will enable third parties to compare their banknote model XXX with the euro: (XXX)x(EUR). This article deals with the survey and the results regarding the NLG- notes and is, moreover, intended as an invitation to use the survey method described.
SYNTHESIS OF 2-ARYLOXYACETYLAMIDO-5-ARYLOXYMETHYL-1,3,4-THIADIAZOLES UNDER SOLID–LIQUID PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS (2002)

ABSTRACT 2-Aryloxyacetylamido-5-aryloxymethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 41–15 are synthesized by the reaction of aryloxyacetic acids 1 with phenylsulfonyl chloride and 2-amino-5-aryloxymethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 3 under solid–liquid phase transfer catalysis.