gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diastereomeric difference of inclusion modes between (−)‐epicatechin gallate, (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate and (+)‐gallocatechin gallate, with β‐cyclodextrin in aqueous solvent (2008)

Inclusion complexes of (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg) as well as (+)-gallocatechin gallate (GCg) and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) in an aqueous solution were investigated using several NMR techniques and a computational method. ECg and EGCg formed a 1:1 complex with beta-CD, in which the A ring and a portion of the C ring were included from the wide secondary hydroxyl group side of the beta-CD cavity, and the B and B' rings were left outside the cavity. GCg formed a 1:2 complex with beta-CD, in which the A and B rings of GCg were included by two molecules of beta-CD. The difference between the two modes of inclusion of the 1:1 complex of ECg, EGCg.beta-CD and the 1:2 complex of GCg.beta-CD might have resulted from the size of the space between the B and B' rings in aqueous solution. As a result of nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments, GCg was considered to have a large enough space between the B and B' rings to include the B ring in the beta-CD cavity; on the other hand, ECg and EGCg have no such large space.
Diabetic Tubulopathy: An Emerging Entity (2011)

In chronic glomerulopathic disease, renal function correlates more with the degree oftubulointerstitial injury than that of the glomerular lesions. Proteinuria may be one of the pathologic links between these two intrarenal compartments. It is apparent that the proximal tubular epithelial cell (PTEC) assumes a proinflammatory and profibrotic role during proteinuria in which the PTEC expresses a variety of chemokines and injury signals that culminate in progressive interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. During diabetes, other substrates including advanced glycation end products (AGEs), AGE intermediates, and high glucose (HG) may provoke the PTEC even further. Glycated albumin, but not the equivalent dose of bovine serum albumin (BSA), stimulates tubular IL-8 and ICAM-1 expression via NF-κB-, MAPK- and STAT-1-dependent pathways. Human biopsies of diabetic nephropathy (DN) reveal colocalization of AGE and ICAM-1 in proximal tubules. The biologically active carbonyl intermediates methylglyoxal-BSA-AGE and AGE-BSA upregulate tubular expression of CTGF, TGF-β, and VEGF, whereas carboxymethyllysine-BSA stimulates tubular expression of IL-6, CCL-2, CTGF, TGF-β, and VEGF via RAGE activation and NF-κB signal transduction. Hyperglycemia (30 mM), but not the equivalent dose of mannitol, promotes proinflammatory (IL-6 and CCL-2), profibrotic (TGF-β) and angiogenic (VEGF) responses in tubular cells via MAPK and PKC signaling and induces epithelial mesenchymal transition, which is TGF-β1 mediated. It has recently been shown that toll-like receptor (TLR) is implicated in the diabetic kidney. In human DN biopsies and PTEC, TLR4is upregulated and plays a permissive role in HG-induced IL-6 and CCL-2 overexpression and monocyte transmigration. In streptozotocin-induced rat DN and PTEC, TLR2 appears to be upregulated. Other novel mediators that become activated in PTEC exposed to HG include macrophage inflammatory protein-3-α, Krüppel-like factor 6 and thioredoxin-interacting protein, which may be attenuated by peroxisome proliferator-activate dreceptor-γ activation. Collectively, these phenomena suggest that the renal tubules are heavily involved in the pathogenesis of DN. These pathophysiologic responses may be collectively described as diabetic tubulopathy.
Development of an alternative wire bond test technique (1994)

An alternative test technique to the wire bond pull test is presented for wire bond interconnects. The new test technique, based on electromagnetic resonance, has the potential for on-line use as a quality assurance and operational life evaluation method. The new technique greatly reduces the test time in comparison with the existing MIL-STD-883 pull test and internal visual inspection. This new test technique more closely simulates the operational stress than the wire bond pull test and has also shown a sensitivity to defects that would otherwise escape visual inspection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Smiles rearrangement of 2-tetrazolylthio-3-aminopyridines (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Smiles rearrangement of 2-tetrazolylthio-3-aminopyridinesHenry W. AltlandCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 21, 3395–3399Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00883a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00883a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Liver is the major source of elevated serum lipocalin‐2 levels after bacterial infection or partial hepatectomy: A critical role for IL‐6/STAT3 (2014)

Hepatocytes are the major cell type responsible for LCN2 production after bacterial infection or PHx, and this response is dependent on IL-6 activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. Thus, hepatocyte-derived LCN2 plays an important role in inhibiting bacterial infection and promoting liver regeneration.
Molecular Imaging of Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 (2013)

CXCR4 was found to be expressed by many different types of human cancers and its expression has been correlated with tumor aggressiveness, poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. CXCR4 was also shown to contribute to metastatic seeding of organs that express its ligand CXCL12 and support the survival of these cells. These findings suggest that CXCR4 is a potentially attractive therapeutic target, and several antagonists and antibodies for this receptor were developed and are under clinical evaluation. Quantifying CXCR4 expression non-invasively might aid in prognostication as a mean for personalized therapy and post treatment monitoring. Multiple attempts were done over the recent years to develop imaging agents for CXCR4 using different technologies including PET, SPECT, fluorescent and bioluminescence, and will be reviewed in this paper.
Influence of Transrectal Hyperthermia on Prostate-Specific Antigen in Prostatic Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (1993)

The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein synthesized exclusively by the prostate. Since manipulations on the prostate can increase PSA serum levels, we investigated the effects of transrectal hyperthermia on PSA levels in prostate cancer (PC) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Patients and treatments were the following: group 1a, PC St.D (n = 12): 8 hyperthermia sessions (twice a week) and LHRH-agonists plus flutamide; group 1b, PC St.D (hormone resistant; n = 10): 8 hyperthermia sessions (once a week) and epirubicin (50 mg intravenously, once a week); group 1c, PC St.C (n = 5): 6 hyperthermia sessions (once a week) and radiotherapy (60 Gy); group 2, BPH (n = 10): 8 sessions (twice a week). PSA levels were determined before, during (immediately before each hyperthermia session) and 1 week after therapy. Apart from hormone-/hyperthermia-treated patients, who showed a continuous decrease in PSA during therapy, all the other groups revealed a transient increase in PSA during the hyperthermia treatment. This effect is attributed to manipulations on the prostate and hyperthermia-specific effects on prostatic cells. The decrease in PSA on hormone/hyperthermia therapy can be explained by the tremendous effect of androgen deprivation on PSA levels overshadowing the hyperthermia effect.
Why IT managers don't go for cyber-insurance products (2009)

Proposed contracts tend to be overpriced because insurers are unable to anticipate customers' secondary losses.
Chemical constituents from<i>Sedum aizoon</i>and their hemostatic activity (2014)

SA produced hemostatic activity possibly related to the presence of gallic acid, vallinic acid, and luteolin, which may be potent candidates of hemostatic drug.
Synthesis of Glucosides of Digitoxigenin, Digoxigenin and Periplogenin<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Glucosides of Digitoxigenin, Digoxigenin and Periplogenin1Robert C. Elderfield, Frederick C. Uhle, and Josef FriedCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 9, 2235–2236Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01201a506https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01201a506research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Integrated 60-GHz Antenna on Multilayer Organic Package With Broadside and End-Fire Radiation (2012)

Existing antenna and array systems for 60-GHz wireless personal area network communications suffer from inherent poor radiation at grazing angles. This limitation is overcome in this work with a highly integrated antenna module that combines both broadside and end-fire radiators in a single multilayer organic package. Liquid crystal polymer and Rogers RO3003 are used to implement a small form factor (12.5 mm × 10 mm × 1.3 mm) antenna architecture. The co-designed broadside and end-fire antennas are characterized and measured for operation in the 57-66-GHz frequency range. Measured boresight gains of 8.7 and 10.9 dBi are achieved for the broadside and end-fire antennas while maintaining 35-45-dB isolation between both antennas. The numerically estimated radiation efficiency is found to be 92.5% and 78.5% for the broadside and end-fire elements. These antennas are orthogonally polarized and suitable for frequency reuse. Integrated circuits are mounted inside recessed cavities to realize a fully active antenna module with beam switching or simultaneous radiation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first publication of a single package multilayer integration of millimeter-wave active antennas with both azimuth and elevation coverage.
Activation of prostaglandin EP receptors by lubiprostone in rat and human stomach and colon (2008)

In rats and humans, lubiprostone contracts stomach longitudinal muscle and inhibits neuronally mediated contractions of colon circular muscle. Experiments are now needed to determine if this additional activity of lubiprostone contributes to its clinical efficacy and/or side-effect profile.
An isoform of Dicer protects mammalian stem cells against multiple RNA viruses (2021)

In mammals, early resistance to viruses relies on interferons, which protect differentiated cells but not stem cells from viral replication. Many other organisms rely instead on RNA interference (RNAi) mediated by a specialized Dicer protein that cleaves viral double-stranded RNA. Whether RNAi also contributes to mammalian antiviral immunity remains controversial. We identified an isoform of Dicer, named antiviral Dicer (aviD), that protects tissue stem cells from RNA viruses-including Zika virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-by dicing viral double-stranded RNA to orchestrate antiviral RNAi. Our work sheds light on the molecular regulation of antiviral RNAi in mammalian innate immunity, in which different cell-intrinsic antiviral pathways can be tailored to the differentiation status of cells.
Effects of simulated weightlessness on rat osteocalcin and bone calcium (1989)

Some of the musculoskeletal changes that occur in growing rats during spaceflight are simulated by a model that selectively unloads the hindlimbs while maintaining normal weight bearing on the forelimbs. Using this model we studied the response of mineral and the mineral-binding protein osteocalcin (OC) in the third lumbar vertebra (L3) and the femoral midshaft to periods of unweighting from 2 to 28 days. Serum OC decreased by 25%, consistent with a decreased rate of bone growth, during the first week of suspension and returned toward control values after 15 days. The L3 and femur weighed 20% less than control bones after 10-28 days. OC content of L3 and femur diaphysis were lower after 7 days of suspension and returned to normal levels at 28 days, whereas Ca content rose slightly at 5 days then decreased sharply. OC:Ca ratio was also affected. The data suggest that unweighting affects formation and deposition of OC and Ca differently depending on bone location and duration of unweighting. Both serum and bone OC are highly sensitive indicators of disruption of osteoblast activity by altered skeletal loading.
A simple and efficient approach to barcode localization (2009)

In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient approach to localizing the barcode regions in an image. We first apply the multichannel Gabor filtering technique to extract eight directional texture features. We then apply a randomized hierarchical search strategy to quickly find a sufficient number of pairs of line segments, which have high frequency and high similarity measures. We finally employ the histogram analysis technique on the start and end points of each qualified pair of line segments to localize the barcode regions. Our extensive experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the two peer systems and can successfully localize the barcode regions in an image with a precision of 96% and a recall of 86%. In addition, the proposed system can be easily ported to a cell phone to improve the ShopTalk system to aid the blind to successfully retrieve common grocery products.
Formation and Stabilization Model of the 42-mer Aβ Radical:  Implications for the Long-Lasting Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease (2005)

Amyloid fibrils mainly consist of 40-mer and 42-mer peptides (Abeta40, Abeta42). Abeta42 is believed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease because its aggregative ability and neurotoxicity are considerably greater than those of Abeta40. The neurotoxicity of Abeta peptides involving the generation of free radicals is closely related to the S-oxidized radical cation of Met-35. However, the cation's origin and mechanism of stabilization remain unclear. Recently, structural models of fibrillar Abeta42 and Abeta40 based on systematic proline replacement have been proposed by our group [Morimoto, A.; et al. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279, 52781] and Wetzel's group [Williams, A. D.; et al. J. Mol. Biol. 2004, 335, 833], respectively. A major difference between these models is that our model of Abeta42 has a C-terminal beta-sheet region. Our biophysical study on Abeta42 using electron spin resonance (ESR) suggests that the S-oxidized radical cation of Met-35 could be generated by the reduction of the tyrosyl radical at Tyr-10 through a turn structure at positions 22 and 23, and stabilized by a C-terminal carboxylate anion through an intramolecular beta-sheet at positions 35-37 and 40-42 to form a C-terminal core that would lead to aggregation. A time-course analysis of the generation of radicals using ESR suggests that stabilization of the radicals by aggregation might be a main reason for the long-lasting oxidative stress of Abeta42. In contrast, the S-oxidized radical cation of Abeta40 is too short-lived to induce potent neurotoxicity because no such stabilization of radicals occurs in Abeta40.
Biological Activity of 1α-Hydroxycholecalciferol, A Synthetic Analog of the Hormonal Form of Vitamin D <sub>3</sub> (1973)

1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, the apparent active hormonal form of cholecalciferol (vitamin D(2)), is formed from cholecalciferol by specific and sequential hydroxylations of the sterol at carbons 25 and 1. Recently, 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol was synthesized and we report on its biological activity in rachitic chicks. 1alpha-Hydroxycholecalciferol is identical in potency to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in stimulation of intestinal calcium absorption; either sterol elicits a near maximal effect at a dose of 0.3-0.6 nmol. The time-course of action of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol also parallels that of the active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol with a maximal increase in calcium transport occurring 5-10 hr after administration of sterol to vitamin D-deficient chicks. 6.5 nmol of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol causes a doubling in calcium absorption in only 2-3 hr, which is the most rapid physiologic response yet detected for a vitamin D-sterol. 1alpha-Hydroxycholecalciferol is active also in enhancing bone calcium resorption and, like 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, is at least 10 times as active as cholecalciferol in mobilizing bone calcium and raising plasma calcium concentration. It is concluded that 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol represents a synthetic analog of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol that can be used both to study the mechanism of action of this hormone and as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of patients with certain metabolic bone diseases.
La estigmatización en la Biblia (2012)

El tema del vih-sida no se limita al ambito de lo cientifico y medico. Desde su “aparicion” en los anos 80 del siglo pasado, ha venido acompanado de una fuerte carga etica y moral. La presuposicion de que quienes viven con y mueren a causa del virus del vih son de alguna manera, culpables de su propia condicion, sigue permeando nuestras sociedades, comunidades e iglesias. Mas que una enfermedad, el vih-sida ha sido y es una condicion social que Violeta Rocha y Heydi Galarza analizan bajo el concepto de estigma-estigmatizacion. Por ello, las implicaciones de este estudio van mucho mas alla del vih-sida en particular, para abarcar los prejuicios y las presuposiciones que marcan los cuerpos de manera excluyente y humillante.
The future of Australian health care: why we shouldn't look to the market (1998)

The author discusses the place of the market and market values in health care. He advocates a health care system based on community values and outlines the features of such a system. (non-author abstract)
Thermally induced self-locking of an optical cavity by overtone absorption in acetylene gas (1996)

Strong self-locking phenomena are observed when laser power is converted into heat by a weakly absorbing medium within a high-finesse cavity. Deposited heat leads to increased temperature and, for the case of weakly absorbing intracavity gases studied here, to an associated reduction of density and refractive index. This thermal change in refractive index provides self-acting cavity tuning near resonant conditions. In the experiments reported here a Fabry–Perot cavity of finesse 274 was filled with acetylene gas and illuminated with a titanium:sapphire laser tuned to the P(11) line of the ν1 + 3ν3 overtone band near 790 nm. The dependencies of maximum frequency-locking range on gas pressure, laser power, and laser frequency sweep rate and direction were measured and could be well unified by analysis based on the thermal model. In the domain of strong self-tuning an interesting self-sustained oscillation was observed, with its several sharp frequencies directly and quantitatively linked to the acoustic boundary conditions in our cylindrical cell geometry. The differences between the behavior of acetylene near 790 nm and molecular oxygen with electronic transition near 763 nm are instructive; whereas the absorbed powers were similar, they differed strongly in their rates for internal to translational energy conversion by collisional relaxation.
Enzymatic synthesis of PAPS with an ATP-regeneration system. (1992)

Sulfate activating enzymes, ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase, were newly isolated from a thermophile, Bacillus stearothermophilus. Adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) was synthesized by these enzymes. The reaction proceeded more efficiently when an ATP-regeneration system, using acetate kinase, was coupled to the reaction system.
Effect of Dietary Sodium Chloride on Growth of Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) (1975)

Growth and food conversion efficiency in Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar) in either fresh water or sea water were not demonstrably affected by varying the level of dietary sodium chloride. Large dietary salt loads were almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tracts offish within 24 h, and plasma sodium and chloride concentrations were positively affected at this time.Irrespective of whether fish were undergoing random, spontaneous activity or an enforced, uniform low level of activity, growth rates and food conversion efficiencies were similar when fish were fed the same ration but different amounts of sodium chloride.A possible explanation is that normal renal function in fresh water provides for large amounts of hypoosmotic urine in which excess sodium chloride may be discharged without great expenditure of energy. However, in sea water, where urine flow is minimal, the main route of excretion for the excess electrolytes is across the gills, a process requiring energy.
Elementary Numerical Analysis. (1994)

Chapter 1. Taylor Polynomials. Chapter 2. Error and Computer Arithmetic. Chapter 3. Rootfinding. Chapter 4. Interpolation and Approximation. Chapter 5. Numerical Integration and Differentiation. Chapter 6. Solution of Systems of Linear Equations. Chapter 7. Numerical Linear Algebra: Advanced Topics. Chapter 8. Ordinary Differential Equations. Chapter 9. Finite Difference Method for PDEs. Appendix A: Mean Value Theorems. Appendix B: Mathematical Formulas. Appendix C: Numerical Analysis Software Packages. Appendix D: Matlab: An Introduction. Appendix E: The Binary Number System. Answers to Selected Problems. Bibliography. Index.