gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semiconductor MOPA with monolithically integrated5 GHzelectroabsorption modulator (1995)

A high-power monolithically-integrated master oscillator/electroabsorption modulator/power amplifier semiconductor laser is demonstrated. The device emits >1 W output beam power. Extinction ratios of –15 dB are obtained with a 2.9 V reverse bias voltage on the electroabsorption modulator. The 3 dB small signal modulation bandwidth is as high as 5 GHz. High-power diffraction-limited semiconductor laser sources with high-speed modulation capability are very desirable for applications such as intersatellite space telecommunications.
The Continuing Need for Carbon Fuels, Hydrocarbons and their Products (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Fractional Distillation Thermal Cracking
Porous Gold Films—A Short Review on Recent Progress (2014)

Porous gold films have attracted increasing interest over the last ten years due to the unique properties of high specific surface area and electrical conductivity combined with chemical stability and ability to alter the surface chemistry. Several methods have been developed to synthesize porous gold films such as de-alloying, templating, electrochemical, and self-assembling. These porous gold films are used in diverse fields, for example, as electrochemical and Raman sensors or for chemical catalysis. Here, we provide a short review on the progress of porous gold films over the past ten years, including the synthesis and applications of such films.
Analysis of cyclic deposition of diamond (1991)

A cyclic process of diamond deposition was investigated using a detailed surface kinetic model. The process modeled in this study was comprised of two alternating steps: a growth period in a methane-helium mixture, and an etching period in a hydrogen-oxygen-helium mixture. The model included a detailed description of gas-surface reactions in terms of elementary chemical steps. Experimental data available in the literature were simulated first and a fair agreement was obtained between the model and experiment. The model was then subjected to an analysis by varying the time periods of the cycle. The computational results predict a significant increase in the average growth rate of diamond films containing low sp2 carbon component for shorter total cycles, and longer the growth period of the cycle.
Capillary microfluidics in microchannels: from microfluidic networks to capillaric circuits (2018)

Microfluidics offer economy of reagents, rapid liquid delivery, and potential for automation of many reactions, but often require peripheral equipment for flow control. Capillary microfluidics can deliver liquids in a pre-programmed manner without peripheral equipment by exploiting surface tension effects encoded by the geometry and surface chemistry of a microchannel. Here, we review the history and progress of microchannel-based capillary microfluidics spanning over three decades. To both reflect recent experimental and conceptual progress, and distinguish from paper-based capillary microfluidics, we adopt the more recent terminology of capillaric circuits (CCs). We identify three distinct waves of development driven by microfabrication technologies starting with early implementations in industry using machining and lamination, followed by development in the context of micro total analysis systems (μTAS) and lab-on-a-chip devices using cleanroom microfabrication, and finally a third wave that arose with advances in rapid prototyping technologies. We discuss the basic physical laws governing capillary flow, deconstruct CCs into basic circuit elements including capillary pumps, stop valves, trigger valves, retention valves, and so on, and describe their operating principle and limitations. We discuss applications of CCs starting with the most common usage in automating liquid delivery steps for immunoassays, and highlight emerging applications such as DNA analysis. Finally, we highlight recent developments in rapid prototyping of CCs and the benefits offered including speed, low cost, and greater degrees of freedom in CC design. The combination of better analytical models and lower entry barriers (thanks to advances in rapid manufacturing) make CCs both a fertile research area and an increasingly capable technology for user-friendly and high-performance laboratory and diagnostic tests.
Automated library recommendation (2013)

Many third party libraries are available to be downloaded and used. Using such libraries can reduce development time and make the developed software more reliable. However, developers are often unaware of suitable libraries to be used for their projects and thus they miss out on these benefits. To help developers better take advantage of the available libraries, we propose a new technique that automatically recommends libraries to developers. Our technique takes as input the set of libraries that an application currently uses, and recommends other libraries that are likely to be relevant. We follow a hybrid approach that combines association rule mining and collaborative filtering. The association rule mining component recommends libraries based on a set of library usage patterns. The collaborative filtering component recommends libraries based on those that are used by other similar projects. We investigate the effectiveness of our hybrid approach on 500 software projects that use many third-party libraries. Our experiments show that our approach can recommend libraries with recall rate@5 of 0.852 and recall rate@10 of 0.894.
Magnetostriction and piezomagnetism of noncollinear antiferromagnet Mn<sub>3</sub>NiN (1989)

Abstract Magnetoelastic effects in the three-sublattice noncollinear antiferromagnet Mn3NiN are studied theoretically. Shear deformations are shown to give rise in the crystal to a piezomagnetic moment of an exchange nature. The magnitude of the piezomagnetic moment is comparable with the weak ferromagnet moment detected experimentally in Mn3NiN. The absence of critical softening of sound waves near spinorientational phase transitions is demonstrated. It is proved that the experimentally observed temperature hysteresis at a first-order phase transition from the para- to antiferromagnet state is due to exchange magnetostriction. Key Words: Magnetoelastic effectpiezomagnetismnoncollinear antiferromagnetMn3NiNfirst-order phase transition
Efficient location management based on moving location areas (2002)

Personal communication systems (PCS) maintain a location management mechanism for tracking the location of their mobile users. The increasing population of mobile users leads to congestion problems in these systems, and motivates the development of more efficient management schemes. This work presents a new mobility management scheme that integrates the location area approach with the location prediction idea. It is based on results from traffic flow theory and it is first that uses the concept of moving location areas. Traffic flow theory suggests that people tend to reside in specific places for long periods of time. Occasionally, they move to new locations and try to minimize the travel time using highways as much as possible. The scheme uses two complementary sets of location areas that overlap each other. The first set contains small location areas and is designated for locating mobile users in a quasi-static state. The second set covers the highways and it is designated to track mobile users while they are traveling from place to place, where each highway is covered by a single location area. The dual set design enables tracking mobile users at a high degree of accuracy with low update cost while they are quasi-static state, and reduces the amount of update operations when they travel. For tracing mobile users on a highway, the scheme uses a system of moving location areas. A moving location area (MLA) is a small location area that defines the location of a group of mobile users, which are geographically concentrated and move in the same direction. The scheme guarantees low rate of update and search operations at each cell of the system and efficiently utilizes the radio spectrum and the network resources with low computational overhead. These advantages are also backed by simulation results.
A Half-Micron Gate GaAs FET Fabricated by Chemical Dry Etching (1977)

A new microfabrication method is devised to make a submicron gate GaAs FET's. Ordinary photolithographic techniques are applied to duplicate a one micron pattern on the photoresist film deposited on a thick metal layer. Controlled undercutting of the metal by chemical dry etching produces a submicron contact with the semiconductor, leaving a wide metal top surface. This process gives experimentally confirmed advantages for reproducibility, accurate duplication, easiest lithography and minimal parasitic resistance. Half-micron gate GaAe FET's are fabricated by using this technique combined with triple layer (n«-n-buffer) epitaxial growth. The maximum frequency of oscillation observed is as high as 80 GHz and the noise figure as low as 3 dB at 12 GHz. The new technology has not resulted in any adverse effects and the high frequency performance is improved in direct proportion to the gate length.
Thermal softening of metallic shaped-charge jets formed by the collapse of shaped-charge liners in the presence of a magnetic field (2016)

This paper presents an analysis of the possibility of increasing the ultimate stretching and penetration capability of metallic shaped-charge jets in the presence of an axial magnetic field in the shaped-charge liner due to heating and thermal softening of the jet material as a result of a sharp increase in the magnetic-field induction in the jet formation region upon liner collapse. This process is studied by numerical simulation in a quasi-two-dimensional formulation taking into account the inertial stretching of the conductive rigid-plastic rod in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field in it.
The Next Generation Baylor C‐Gyro Pump: Antithrombogenic “Free Impeller” Design for Long‐Term Centrifugal VAD (1994)

The new generation centrifugal blood pump, the C2 Gyro Pump "Free Impeller Model" specifically designed for long-term ventricular assistance and a bridge to transplantation, has been developed. In the free impeller design, the impeller was completely freed from mechanical tethers by eliminating the shaft. This unique design allowed the incorporation of a center-penetrating hole in the impeller, called the center conduit, which accelerates the secondary blood flow from the bottom to the top of the impeller. During in vitro performance tests, two characteristic impeller motions, called floating mode and wandering rotational axis, were observed. In the floating mode, the impeller seemed to be floating without touching the pump casing and resulted in the idea of no bearing contact. Also, the rotational axis of the impeller exhibited a small circular motion and illustrated the idea of no stationary area in the blood path. These three characteristics are expected to be advantageous for anti-thrombogenicity and low hemolysis which are essential for a long-term centrifugal VAD.
Integrated amplifiers using fully ion-implanted InP JFETs with high transconductance (1988)

Monolithically integrated amplifiers have been fabricated using JFETs with a gate length of 1.5 mu m and a maximum transconductance of 110 mS/mm, the highest ever reported for ion-implanted InP JFETs. The amplifiers utilized both a conventional direct-coupled design and a new symmetrical design. The conventional direct-coupled amplifier shows a maximum gain of 8 (18 dB) while the symmetrical amplifier design exhibits the same gain without DC offset regardless of the FET threshold voltage and the power supply voltage used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Estimating query performance using class predictions (2009)

We investigate using topic prediction data, as a summary of document content, to compute measures of search result quality. Unlike existing quality measures such as query clarity that require the entire content of the top-ranked results, class-based statistics can be computed efficiently online, because class information is compact enough to precompute and store in the index. In an empirical study we compare the performance of class-based statistics to their language-model counterparts for predicting two measures: query difficulty and expansion risk. Our findings suggest that using class predictions can offer comparable performance to full language models while reducing computation overhead.
Novel class of difluorovinylphosphonate analogues of PEP (1997)

A new class of difluorovinylphosphonate analogues of PEP, 4,4-difluoro-4-(diethoxyphosphinoyl)-2-methylenebutanoic acid 15, methyl 4,4-difluoro-4-(diethoxyphosphinoyl)-2-methylenebutanoate 17, (E)- and (Z)-4,4-difluoro-4-(diethoxyphosphinoyl)but-2-enoic acid 14 and 4,4-difluoro-4-phosphono-2-methylenebutanoic acid 16 have been synthesized. Methyl 3,3-difluoro-3-(diethoxyphosphinoyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate 21 and the corresponding acid 3,3-difluoro-3-phosphono-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid 23, have also been synthesized. These compounds are designed to act as potential inhibitors in the shikimic acid pathway.
Las cláusulas sorpresivas en los contratos internacionales de adhesión (2018)

El derecho internacional es un instrumento para resolver los problemas en un espacio transnacional, donde los particulares se mueven sin un marco juridico suficientemente claro, pues confluyen diferentes derechos internos que buscan resolver sus conflictos, pero no estan configurados para aquellos de caracter internacional lo cual precisamente dio origen a la Lex Mercatoria, generando asi la posibilidad de diversas soluciones a una misma situacion juridica internacional que causa una falta de predictibilidad del derecho. Asi pues, la necesidad de una formula especifica demanda un analisis para su aplicacion practica a las relaciones juridicas internacionales, es decir, la determinacion de unas herramientas que permitan otorgar elementos de juicio a los arbitros, abogados y jueces al momento de aplicar la Lex Mercatoria –concretamente las clausulas sorpresivas derivadas de un contrato internacional, pero sobretodo que genere decisiones uniformes de jueces colombianos y arbitros internacionales, luego de la articulacion de una herramienta que estructure las figuras para tal fin.
Functional studies of Alzheimer's disease tau protein (1993)

In vitro assays were used to monitor and compare the kinetic behavior of bovine tubulin polymerization enhanced by tau proteins isolated from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and nondemented (ND) age-matched control brains. Tau from AD cases induced slower polymerization and a steady state turbidity value approximately 50% of that stimulated by tau from control cases. Tau from the most severe AD case was least effective at promoting polymerization. Dark-field light microscopy of the control samples revealed abundant microtubule formation and many microtubule bundles. Microtubule assembly was observed in AD samples as well, but bundling was not obvious. These results were confirmed by negative-stain electron microscopy. Morphological analysis showed that AD tau-induced microtubules were longer than control microtubules. Furthermore, our initial results suggest that the reduction of AD tau activity is correlated with neurofibrillary pathology in AD brains. Earlier reports indicated that AD tau is modified by phosphorylation (Grundke-Iqbal et al., 1986; Wood et al., 1986; Iqbal et al., 1989; Brion et al., 1991a,b; Lee et al., 1991). Our results support the hypothesis that tau modification compromises its function by altering its ability to nucleate and bundle microtubules.
The insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II)/mannose 6-phosphate receptor mediates IGF-II-induced motility in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. (1992)

Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is an autocrine growth and motility factor for human rhabdomyosarcoma. It interacts with three different receptors: the IGF-I, the IGF-II, and the insulin receptor. A specific function of the IGF-II receptor in mediating IGF-II responses has not been defined. In this report we investigate the mechanism of IGF-II-mediated motility in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. We demonstrate that IGF-II and [Leu27]IGF-II, an analog selective for the IGF-II receptor, stimulate motility at concentrations in which they interact only with their own receptor. An antibody that blocks the IGF-I receptor does not inhibit either peptide activity, while an antibody specific for the IGF-II receptor suppresses the IGF-II-induced motility. This antibody does not interfere with rhabdomyosarcoma cell proliferation. We conclude that in rhabdomyosarcoma cells IGF-II stimulates two different responses mediated by distinct receptors: 1) a mitogenic response through the type I receptor and 2) a motility response through the type II receptor.
A High Entropy Oxide Designed to Catalyze CO Oxidation Without Precious Metals (2021)

The chemical complexity of single-phase multicationic oxides, commonly termed high entropy oxides (HEOs), enables the integration of conventionally incompatible metal cations into a single-crystalline phase. However, few studies have effectively leveraged the multicationic nature of HEOs for optimization of disparate physical and chemical properties. Here, we apply the HEO concept to design robust oxidation catalysts in which multicationic oxide composition is tailored to simultaneously achieve catalytic activity, oxygen storage capacity, and thermal stability. Unlike conventional catalysts, HEOs maintain single-phase structure, even at high temperature, and do not rely on the addition of expensive platinum group metals (PGM) to be active. The HEOs are synthesized through a facile, relatively low temperature (500 °C) sol-gel method, which avoids excessive sintering and catalyst deactivation. Nanostructured high entropy oxides with surface areas as high as 138 m<sup>2</sup>/g are produced, marking a significant structural improvement over previously reported HEOs. Each HEO contained Ce in varying concentrations, as well as four other metals among Al, Fe, La, Mn, Nd, Pr, Sm, Y, and Zr. All samples adopted a fluorite structure. First row transition metal cations were most effective at improving CO oxidation activity, but their incorporation reduced thermal stability. Rare earth cations were necessary to prevent thermal deactivation while maintaining activity. In sum, our work demonstrates the utility of entropy in complex oxide design and a low-energy synthetic route to produce nanostructured HEOs with cations selected for a cooperative effect toward robust performance in chemically and physically demanding applications.
Observation of small group velocity in two-dimensional AlGaAs-based photonic crystal slabs (2002)

The characteristics of the small group velocity ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{g}$ were experimentally studied with special concern to a flat band in AlGaAs-based two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs by using a time-of-flight method of a 200 fs light pulse. Two kinds of triangular air-rod samples, i.e., a deeply perforated waveguide and a perforated membrane suspended in air were used. For the former with the numbers of rod's row N of 10, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{g}$ was found to vary from $0.17\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}c$ at a wavelength far from the band edge to $0.03\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}c$ at the edge; c is the light velocity in vacuum. For the latter with N of 26, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{g}$ was observed to be in a range of $(0.05--0.07)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}c.$ The significance of the result is discussed.
An update on non-steroidal liver X receptor agonists and their potential use in the treatment of atherosclerosis (2006)

The liver X receptor (LXR)-α and -β isoforms are nuclear transcription factors that regulate the expression of a number of genes involved in lipid modulation. One key LXR target gene, which may offer therapeutic potential in the treatment of atherosclerosis, is the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) as it is involved in the process of reverse cholesterol transport. ABCA1 initiates the efflux of cholesterol from macrophages present in the atherosclerotic plaques of the arterial wall, where it is accepted by apolipoproteins such as apoA-1 and becomes high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL is then transported back to the liver for metabolism and excretion. A number of other genes are regulated by LXR function that may have positive or negative effects on atherosclerosis. Extrapolating the effect of individual gene regulation to an overall effect in humans, when all genes are modulated, is extremely difficult. This is further complicated by the fact that most preclinical work has been carried out in mice that differ quite significantly from humans in terms of lipid balance and metabolism. This review provides an update to the authors’ earlier patent review in this journal, which focused on the structural and biological data reported for LXR agonists in patent applications and associated literature. Various therapeutic indications have been reported for LXR agonists, but this review focuses solely on non-steroidal LXR agonists for the potential treatment of atherosclerosis.
Intratumoral Recombinant Human Interleukin-12 Administration in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Modifies Locoregional Lymph Node Architecture and Induces Natural Killer Cell Infiltration in the Primary Tumor (2005)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the histologic and immunohistopathologic effects of intratumorally given recombinant human interleukin-12 on the immune cells in the primary tumors and regional lymph nodes. Ten previously untreated patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were injected in the primary tumor twice to thrice, once weekly, at two dose levels of 100 or 300 ng/kg, before surgery. These patients were compared with 20 non-IL-12-treated control HNSCC patients. In the primary tumor, the number of CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells was increased in IL-12-treated patients compared with control patients. In some IL-12-treated patients, an impressive peritumoral invasion of CD20+ B cells was noticed. No differences were seen in the CD8+ or CD4+ T lymphocytes. Interestingly, major differences were apparent in the architecture of the enlarged lymph nodes of IL-12-treated patients; in particular, the distribution of B cells differed and fewer primary and secondary follicles with smaller germinal centers were observed. In addition, a decrease of dendritic cell lysosyme-associated membrane glycoprotein-positive cells in the paracortex was noted, resulting in a reduction of paracortical hyperplasia. In the lymph nodes, especially the CD56+ NK cells but also the CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, produced a high amount of IFN-gamma. Patients, irrespectively of IL-12 treatment, with a high number of CD56+ cells in the primary tumor had a better overall survival than those with a low number. In conclusion, after i.t. IL-12 treatment in HNSCC patients, the largest effect was seen on the NK cells, with a higher number in the primary tumor and a high IFN-gamma mRNA expression in the lymph nodes. Significant effects were noted on B cells, with altered lymph node architecture in every IL-12-treated patient and excessive peritumoral infiltration in some patients.