gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The expression and the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human normal and myocardial infarcted heart]. (1994)

Coronary collateral vessels reduce the damage of ischemic myocardium after coronary obstruction. Recently, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to increase vascular permeability and enhance the endothelial cell growth, leading to neoangiogenesis. VEGF has been reported to be upregulated in some neoplasms with endothelial proliferation, such as glioblastoma and vascularised adenocarcinoma. However, the expression and role of VEGF in human heart and those in its diseased condition have not been investigated. To elucidate its pathophysiological role, we studied the transcription and distribution of VEGF mRNA in normal human and myocardial infarcted hearts. Samples were obtained from 15 autopsy cases with and without ischemic heart disease. VEGF mRNA transcription was examined by using RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis. In all cases VEGF mRNA was detected in atrias, ventricles and valves. The amounts of each VEGF subtypes in cardiomyocytes were different from those in valves. By in situ hybridization method, VEGF mRNA was found in cytoplasm of normal cardiomyocyte but not in the vessels. However, in the cases of acute myocardial infarction, VEGF mRNA was detected in vascular smooth muscle cells of arterioles around the coagulation necrosis of the infarction as well as in mononuclear cells which infiltrated in the granulation tissues. In contrast, VEGF mRNA signals in cardiomyocyte around the necrosis were as much as those in the normal cardiomyocyte in non-diseased areas. By immunohistochemical studies, the mononuclear cells were supposed to be macrophages. This study suggests that VEGF could play an important role in neovascularization in acute myocardial infarction, and suggests that VEGF may have some favorable effect on infarcted myocardium.
Compiled unit-delay simulation for cyclic circuits (2003)

Three techniques for handling cyclic circuits in a compiled unit-delay simulation are presented. These techniques are based on the PC-set method and the parallel technique of compiled unit-delay simulation. The first technique, called the synchronous parallel technique, is applicable only to synchronous circuits, but provides significant performance improvements over interpreted unit-delay simulation. The second and third techniques. called the convergence algorithm and the asynchronous parallel technique, are applicable to all circuits, both synchronous and asynchronous. The convergence algorithm, which is based on the PC-set method, provided significant performance increases for some circuits, but performed poorly on others. The asynchronous parallel technique performed rather poorly, and is covered only briefly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of resist components on image blur in a patterned positive-tone chemically amplified photoresist (2002)

Post-exposure bake-induced blurring of the latent image in a chemically amplified photoresist may limit the extendibility of this resist technology to printing of nanoscale features. It had been proposed that blurring is caused by thermally assisted diffusion of photogenerated acid, however our experimental and kinetic modeling investigations of coupled reaction-diffusion in a resist system consisting of a photoacid generator in p-t-butyloxycarbonyloxystyrene (PTBOCST) have shown that the very high efficiency of acidolysis chemistry at the edge of an exposed region is actually responsible for blurring. Studies of the role of added base and the impact of photoacid generator size on blur support this view. These previous studies were performed with a one-dimensional (1D) geometry. In order to test the relevance of the 1D blurring model to pattern formation, we have carried out new investigations of blurring in dense line-space patterns using the same PTBOCST resist systems as in our earlier work. Resist films were imprinted with 866 and 192 nm pitch gratings generated by interferometric lithography using 257 nm light. The extent of deprotection over a range of doses and bake times at 85 °C was measured by infrared spectroscopy and compared to results of simulations of the bake process using the experimental aerial image and kinetics determined in the previous work. Experiment and predictions are in good agreement in all cases, indicating that the one-dimensional kinetics are extendable to the two-dimensional case. This simulations permit visualization of the relationship between the acid latent image and the developable image that forms in the polymer, enabling a deeper appreciation of the influences of the resist components and of resist processing conditions on latent image transformations during post-exposure bake.
Kinetics of <scp>l</scp>-[1-<sup>13</sup>C]leucine when ingested with free amino acids, unlabeled or intrinsically labeled casein (2000)

In two groups of five adults, each adapted to two different dietary regimens for 6 days, the metabolic fate of dietary [1-(13)C]leucine was examined when ingested either together with a mixture of free amino acids simulating casein (extrinsically labeled; condition A), along with the intact casein (extrinsically labeled; condition B), or bound to casein (intrinsically labeled; condition C). Fed state leucine oxidation (Ox), nonoxidative leucine disposal (NOLD), protein breakdown, and splanchnic uptake have been compared using an 8-h oral [1-(13)C]leucine and intravenous [(2)H(3)]leucine tracer protocol while giving eight equal hourly mixed meals. Lower leucine Ox, increased NOLD, and net protein synthesis were found with condition C compared with condition A (19.3 vs. 24.9; 77 vs. 55.8; 18.9 vs. 12.3 micromol. kg(-1). 30 min(-1); P < 0.05). Ox and NOLD did not differ between conditions B and C. Splanchnic leucine uptake calculated from [1-(13)C]- and [(2)H(3)]leucine plasma enrichments was between 24 and 35%. These findings indicate that the form in which leucine is consumed affects its immediate metabolic fate and retention by the body; the implications of these findings for the tracer balance technique and estimation of amino acid requirements are discussed.
Immune Response to Fc Tagged GP5 Glycoproteins of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (2014)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) glycoprotein 5 (GP5) is the most abundant envelope glycoprotein and a key target for neutralizing antibodies. Previous studies have demonstrated that the native GP5 glycoprotein is poorly immunogenic and not able to induce robust protective responses, probably due to the presence of a non-neutralizing decoy epitope and shielding N-linked glycans close to its neutralizing epitope. In the present report, two Fc tagged GP5 proteins (GP5-Fc containing a truncated GP5 with the deletion of its signal peptide and transmembrane regions, and GP5N-Fc containing only the ectodomain of GP5) were designed based on the sequences of a highly pathogenic PRRSV strain and produced using a baculovirus/insect cell expression system. Immunization studies showed that both GP5-Fc and GP5N-Fc elicited strong serum responses in the absence of adjuvant to the native GP5 present on the surface of purified PRRSV virons. Although GP5N-Fc failed in inducing significant titer of neutralizing antibodies in mice, GP5-Fc was shown as an effective inducer of neutralizing antibodies specific to PRRSV. Our results suggest that the modified GP5 glycoprotein with Fc tag has the potential to be a candidate for the future development of new generation vaccine against PRRSV infection.
Neues Verfahren zur Bestimmung der augenblicklich geförderten Gutmengen im Luftstrom bei pneumatischer Förderung (1957)

Abstract Es wurde eine Meßdüse entwickelt, mit der eine momentan geförderte Gutmenge ermittelt werden kann. Dabei wird der mit Gut beladene Luftstrom durch eine Meßdüse geleitet, und bestimmte bei der Durchströmung der Düse auftretende Wirkdrucke werden gemessen. Die Meßdüse hat sich bereits in der Praxis bewährt. Es werden die theoretischen Grundlagen des Verfahrens mitgeteilt, die eine Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Anwendung der Meßdüse sind. Nach Erörterung der Abweichungen von den Gesetzmäßigkeiten und den möglichen Fehlern werden praktische Erfahrungen mitgeteilt. Die Weiterentwicklung zielt auf eine automatische Auswertung der Meßergebnisse.
Cordyceps militaris (L.: Fr.) Link – An Important Medicinal Mushroom. (2013)

Cordyceps militaris is an important medicinal mushroom useful for the extraction of several bio-metabolites for natural drugs to revitalize the various physiological systems of the body from the ancient era. The constituents of C. militaris are now using widely in the modern pharmaceutical industries. The active principles of C. militaris are beneficial to act principally as pro-sexual, anti- cancer, immunomodulatory, and anti-oxidant agent, let alone its others beneficial activities for most of the systems of the body. In addition, it has lots of clinical applications. The prospects of this novel mushroom could be used not only for modern medicinal manufacturers, but also for the community people for the betterment of their health.
Direkte Plasmaammoniakbestimmung ohne Enteiweißung. Verbesserter enzymatischer Ammoniaktest, II. Mitteilung (1973)

Article Direkte Plasmaammoniakbestimmung ohne Enteiweißung. Verbesserter enzymatischer Ammoniaktest, II. Mitteilung was published on January 1, 1973 in the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) (volume 11, issue 10).
Infrared light field imaging system free of fixed-pattern noise (2017)

Digital photonic sensors have greatly evolved to maximize sensitivity and spatial, spectral, and temporal imaging resolution. For low-energy photons, new designs have generated new types of noise that degrade the formed-image signal-to-noise ratio to values lower than 1. Fixed-pattern noise (FPN), which is produced by the non-uniform focal-plane-array optoelectronics response, is an ill-posed problem in infrared and hyperspectral imaging science. Here, we experimentally show that the FPN behaves as an object at a depth of infinity when a light field is captured by an imaging system. The proposed method is based on the capture of the light field of a scene and digital refocusing to any nearby objects in the scene. Unlike standard techniques for FPN reduction, our method does not require knowledge of the physical parameters of the optoelectronic transducer, the motion scene, or the presence of off-line blackbody sources. The ability of the proposed method to reduce FPN is measured by evaluating the structural similarity (SSIM) index employing a blackbody-based FPN reduction technique as a reference. This new interpretation of the FPN opens avenues to create new cameras for low-energy photons with the ability to perform denoising by digital refocusing.
APIs: A Strategy Guide (2011)

Programmers used to be the only people excited about APIs, but now a growing number of companies see them as a hot new product channel. This concise guide describes the tremendous business potential of APIs, and demonstrates how you can use them to provide valuable services to clients, partners, or the public via the Internet. Youll learn all the steps necessary for building a cohesive API business strategy from experts in the trenches. Facebook and Twitter APIs continue to be extremely successful, and many other companies find that API demand greatly exceeds website traffic. This book offers executives, business development teams, and other key players a complete roadmap for creating a viable API product.Learn about the rise of APIs and why your business might need one Understand the roles of asset owners, providers, and developers in the API value chain Build strategies for designing, implementing, and marketing your product Devise an effective process for security and user management Address legal issues, such as rights management and terms of use Manage traffic and user experience with a reliable operating model Determine the metrics you need to measure your APIs success
Statistics for Digital Human Motion Modeling in Ergonomics (2007)

Modern manufacturing demands that products be designed for the comfort and accessibility of consumers as well the health and safety of employees in the workplace. Speed of implementation requires that these designs be constructed in a virtual world. Digital human models are required for these virtual worlds for the exploration of vehicle and manufacturing designs from an ergonomic perspective. This article provides an overview of the ergonomic issues and statistical methods for human motion modeling. We first describe methods for modeling the basic elements of motion, decomposed into univariate curves, three-dimensional trajectories, and orientation trajectories. We then present methods for combining the components of the motion into a coherent whole. Two application examples in truck driver behavior and sheet metal assembly illustrate the methodology.
Towards real-time optimal energy management of HEV powertrains using stochastic dynamic programming (2012)

This paper is concerned with the control of hybrid electric vehicles. In the vast literature on the subject, focus is put on the minimization of the fuel consumption. To do so, the deterministic optimal control theory is intensively used. The major concern regarding this approach is the need for driving conditions to be known in advance. In this paper, we suggest to consider the driving cycle as a stochastic process, and make use of the stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) to design the power load sharing. We formulate a weighted criterion to minimize fuel consumption and allow for drivability conditions at the same time. The resulting control law may easily be implemented online as a static mapping function of the powertrain state. We provide simulation results based on a parallel HEV case study. We use statutory cycles to build a database of randomly generated cycles. This allows to assess the relevancy of this approach by comparing optimal fuel consumption (using deterministic programming), for each cycle, to the score obtained via the SDP framework. These preliminary results show that the SDP is a promising control tool to overcome the drawbacks inherent to the classical approaches.
Focused Library Approach to Discover Discrete Dipeptide Bolaamphiphiles for siRNA Delivery (2016)

In this study, we report a new dipeptide functionalization strategy for developing new dendritic bolaamphiphile vectors for efficient siRNA transfection. A focused library of dipeptides was constructed using four amino acids: l-arginine, l-histidine, l-lysine, and l-tryptophan. The dipeptides were coupled to two dendritic bolaamphiphile scaffolds that we developed previously, allowing us to quickly access a focused library of discrete vectors with multivalent dendritic dipeptide functionalities. The resulting discrete bolaamphiphiles were screened for siRNA delivery in vitro in HEK-293 and HeLa cells. Bolaamphiphiles functionalized with dipeptides containing Lys or Arg and either His or Trp were the most effective for in vitro siRNA delivery. Necessary cationic charge to ensure efficient siRNA binding are provided by Arg and Lys residues, whereas endosomal escape is provided through pH responsive buffering of His or membrane interactions of Trp. The most effective vectors (F10 HR/RH) exhibited greater than 75% gene silencing in multiple cell lines and exhibited serum stability.
Improving visual quality in wireless capsule endoscopy images with contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (2015)

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is a noninvasive device for detection of gastrointestinal problems especially small bowel diseases, such as polyps which causes gastrointestinal bleeding. The quality of WCE images is very important for diagnosis. In this paper, a new method is proposed to improve the quality of WCE images. In our proposed method for improving the quality of WCE images, Removing Noise and Contrast Enhancement (RNCE) algorithm is used. The algorithm have been implemented and tested on some real images. Quality metrics used for performance evaluation of the proposed method is Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Edge Strength Similarity for Image (ESSIM). The results obtained from SSIM, PSNR and ESSIM indicate that the implemented RNCE method improve the quality of WCE images significantly.
High performance displacement chromatography: Calculation and experimental verification of zone development (1985)

Abstract Effluent concentration profiles from high performance displacement chromatography were calculated by using the theory of equilibrium chromatography of Helfferich and Klein (1970). The close agreement between predictions of the theory neglecting mass transfer resistances and experimental results demonstrates that conditions close to ideal chromatography are attainable in HPLC. Individual adsorption isotherms, as measured by frontal development, closely followed Langmuirian behavior.
Synthesis and ocular hypotensive activity of magnolol (2006)

A facile one-step synthesis of naturally occurring magnolol under a mild condition was attain-able by mixing 2,2-biphenol and allyl bromide in the presence of copper(II) chloride and an ap-propriate amount of water. After being vigorously stirred and heated to reflux for 10 hr, the crude product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallization. The physico-chemical properties of synthetic magnolol were identical to those of the natural compound isolated from the cortex of Magnolia officinali. This method, the yield improving up to 50%, proved to be superior for the pilot-plant purpose. Synthetic magnolol was investigated in normal tensive rabbit eyes for determining the potential intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect. Our results showed that af-ter topical administration of aqueous 0.5 % magnolol in rabbit eyes, it demonstrated a significant activity to depress IOP with a potency comparable to timolol and the duration of the effect could last for more than 4 hr for single instillation. Thus, magnolol, for the fist time, was shown to pos-sess potential application in the treatment of glaucoma.
Fundamental position astronomy and transportable Zenith Cameras (1978)

Abstract In continuation of previous works of the author (Astronomische Station of the Technical University of Hannover: Monographie 1973; Supplement I, no. 9, 1974; Suppl. II, no. 10, 1976; Suppl. Ill in preparation), a completely systematic solution of the “Fundamental Positional Astronomy” and “Transportable Zenith Cameras” is given as a new form of a purely stellar Spherical Astronomy, in theoretical foundation, instrumentation and observation in a very simple way, as with traditional means, based on geographical position determination. There are two possibilities: A purely stellar absolute fundamental system (fundamental catalogue and absolute inertial systems) and a stellar-geographical fundamental system (fundamental catalogue, absolute inertial systems, equator position in time), serving additionally for the determination of the geographical position and the earth’s rotation (absolute earth time). The first theory is based on two selected zenith fields, the second on one selected zenith field and the earth’s rotation.
Reverse gyrase in thermophilic eubacteria (1991)

The presence of reverse gyrase, an unusual ATP-dependent type I topoisomerase first isolated from thermophilic archaebacteria, has been detected in four strains of Thermotogales, an order of extremely thermophilic eubacteria. This result suggests that reverse gyrase plays a key role in high-temperature-living organisms, independently of the evolutionary kingdom to which they belong.
Content-based image retrieval using grid-based indexing and grey relational analysis (2008)

In this paper, an efficient two-stage approach is proposed for content-based image retrieval (CBIR). In establishing the database, the features of an image are extracted from its color histograms and discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients. To improve the retrieval performance, the quantization technique is applied to quantize the vector of color histograms such that the feature space is partitioned into a finite number of grids, each of which corresponds to a grid code (GC). At the first stage, a reduced set of candidate images which have the same GC (or adjacent GCs) as that of the query image is obtained. At the second stage, the remaining candidates are examined by using grey relational analysis on the significant DCT coefficients. The experimental results show that the proposed approach leads to a fast retrieval with good accuracy.
8-channel×2.5 Gbit/s hybrid integrated multiwavelength photoreceiver module with arrayed-waveguide grating demultiplexer (2002)

A compact 8-channel hybrid integrated multiwavelength photoreceiver module has been fabricated. The module, which consists of an arrayed-waveguide grating demultiplexer with a 100 GHz spacing, a photodiode array using a planar lightwave circuit platform, and preamplifier integrated circuits, successfully operated at 2.5 Gbit/s with good receiver sensitivity better than −17.5 dBm at a bit error rate of 10−9 for all channels.
Integrin activation suppresses etoposide-induced DNA strand breakage in cultured murine tumor-derived endothelial cells. (1996)

Tumor endothelium is critical for solid tumor growth and is a potential site for anticancer drug action. Within 2 h, etoposide caused marked DNA strand breakage in xenograft tumor-derived endothelial cells (TDECs). Etoposide-induced DNA breakage was inhibited by culturing TDECs on gelatin, type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and the integrin ligand hexapeptide, GRGDSP, but not the inactive peptide, GRADSP. It was also inhibited when TDECs were on surfaces coated with antibodies to alpha 5, beta 1, or beta 3 integrin subunits and by clustering integrins with soluble antibodies. After 8 h with etoposide, TDECs detached from the monolayer, and 50-kb DNA fragments were seen. Fibronectin inhibited both processes. Thus, integrins are survival factors for TDEC that inhibit the genotoxicity of etoposide and may influence the sensitivity of tumors to drugs.
Clinical Review: Topical Ophthalmic Use of Cyclosporin A (2010)

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunomodulatory agent that primarily inhibits the proliferation and action of T cells. Systemic CsA has been used successfully in solid organ transplantation and noninfectious uveitis. Topical CsA with various formulations has been used in the field of ocular surface diseases since early 1980s. An ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% (Restasis, Allergan, Irvine, CA), was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2003 to treat dry eye syndrome. This article aims to evaluate the peer-reviewed published scientific literature and to define well-established uses of CsA eyedrops in the field of ocular surface diseases.