gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature, low-dielectric, crystallizable glass composite (1995)

A low k crystallizable glass composite containing borosilicate glass and cordierite glass has been developed. Crystallization and densification of cordierite glass is enhanced with borosilicate glass present. For the compositions identified, a high sintered density greater than 95% can be obtained at 825-900/spl deg/C. The crystallizable glass composite has a dielectric constant of 5.3 and a dielectric loss less than 0.3% at 1 MHz, and a tunable thermal expansion coefficient of 3.9-4.5/spl times/10/sup -6/ K/sup -1/ in the temperature range of 20-200/spl deg/C by controlling heat treatment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient Testing of Recovery Code Using Fault Injection (2011)

A critical part of developing a reliable software system is testing its recovery code. This code is traditionally difficult to test in the lab, and, in the field, it rarely gets to run; yet, when it does run, it must execute flawlessly in order to recover the system from failure. In this article, we present a library-level fault injection engine that enables the productive use of fault injection for software testing. We describe automated techniques for reliably identifying errors that applications may encounter when interacting with their environment, for automatically identifying high-value injection targets in program binaries, and for producing efficient injection test scenarios. We present a framework for writing precise triggers that inject desired faults, in the form of error return codes and corresponding side effects, at the boundary between applications and libraries. These techniques are embodied in LFI, a new fault injection engine we are distributing http://lfi.epfl.ch. This article includes a report of our initial experience using LFI. Most notably, LFI found 12 serious, previously unreported bugs in the MySQL database server, Git version control system, BIND name server, Pidgin IM client, and PBFT replication system with no developer assistance and no access to source code. LFI also increased recovery-code coverage from virtually zero up to 60% entirely automatically without requiring new tests or human involvement.
SPECTRE: A dependable introspection framework via System Management Mode (2013)

Virtual Machine Introspection (VMI) systems have been widely adopted for malware detection and analysis. VMI systems use hypervisor technology for system introspection and to expose malicious activity. However, recent malware can detect the presence of virtualization or corrupt the hypervisor state thus avoiding detection. We introduce SPECTRE, a hardware-assisted dependability framework that leverages System Management Mode (SMM) to inspect the state of a system. Contrary to VMI, our trusted code base is limited to BIOS and the SMM implementations. SPECTRE is capable of transparently and quickly examining all layers of running system code including a hypervisor, the OS, and user level applications. We demonstrate several use cases of SPECTRE including heap spray, heap overflow, and rootkit detection using real-world attacks on Windows and Linux platforms. In our experiments, full inspection with SPECTRE is 100 times faster than similar VMI systems because there is no performance overhead due to virtualization.
Why Are Manufacturers Struggling to Hire High-Skilled Workers? (2011)

The authors examine the apparent lack of high-skilled workers for the U.S. manufacturing sector by focusing on the educational attainment and wage compensation of manufacturing workers and their nonmanufacturing counterparts over the period 1990?2007.
Fabrication of chirped Bragg gratings in photosensitive fibre (1993)

A new method for fabricating chirped fibre Bragg filters that are formed in fibre tapers is reported. The prototype filters are centred around 1.5312μm with a reflectivity of around 20% and reflection bandwidths of up to 2.9 nm.
Science (1978)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTScienceCopolymer proposed as vital to evolutionA hybrid molecule made of amino acids and RNA might antedate the present genetic code, which developed when those components separatedJEFFREY L. FOXView Author Information C&EN, WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1978, 56, 27, 17–18Publication Date (Print):July 3, 1978Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 3 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v056n027.p017https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v056n027.p017newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1978 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Biology,Genetics,Nucleic acids Get e-Alerts
Regulation of insulin-like growth factor system components by osteogenic protein-1 in human bone cells. (1995)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have the unique ability to convert mesenchymal cells into matrix-producing osteoblasts. To understand the mechanism(s) by which a BMP produces a multitude of effects on bone cells, we examined the effects of recombinant human osteogenic protein (OP)-1 (referred to as BMP-7) on the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) regulatory system, an important growth factor system in bone. After 48 h of treatment, OP-1 increased the level of IGF-II (3- and 2-fold, respectively, at 100 ng/ml) in the conditioned medium (CM) of SaOS-2 and TE85 human osteosarcoma cells with osteoblastic characteristics, whereas IGF-I levels were low to undetectable in the CM of either cell type. OP-1 treatment had no significant effect on the messenger RNA (mRNA) level for type 1 and type 2 IGF receptors. In TE85 and SaOS-2 cells, 100 ng/ml OP-1 increased the level of IGF binding protein (BP)-3 more than 10-fold, decreased the IGFBP-4 level by 50%, and increased the level of the 29-32.5 kDa IGFBP-5 3-fold in the CM as determined by analysis with Western ligand blot, Western immunoblot, and RIA. The effect of OP-1 on IGFBP production was time and dose dependent. The OP-1 induced changes in the levels of IGFBPs were associated with decreased IGFBP-3 and -5 protease activity (29% and 71%, respectively) and proportional changes in IGFBP mRNA levels. OP-1 increased the level of IGFBP-3 mRNA (2- and 10-fold, respectively, after 4 and 24 h of treatment at 100 ng/ml) and of IGFBP-5 mRNA (more than 5-fold after 24 h of treatment) but decreased the level of IGFBP-4 mRNA (> 50% after 24 h at 100 ng/ml). OP-1 treatment had no effect on IGFBP-4 protease activity. These results collectively demonstrate that OP-1 can act locally by modulating the IGF regulatory system, suggesting that the mitogenic/differentiative effect of OP-1 on human bone cells may in part be mediated via IGF-II by increasing its secretion, and by regulating the balance between the stimulatory (e.g. IGFBP-5) and inhibitory (e.g. IGFBP-4) classes of IGFBPs both at the level of production (mRNA) and at the level of degradation but not by up-regulating the IGF receptor.
Infrared laser addressing of media for recording and displaying of high-resolution graphic information (1973)

Projection display systems which use a scanned infra-red laser beam to thermally record graphic information on different media may offer a useful alternative to CRT and other display systems. Three different types of thermal-recording projection display systems are reviewed. Laser micromachining of thin bismuth film has proved to be a very simple and efficient way to obtain instant high-quality images which are also permanent. Variable amplitude light pulses produced by an intracavity modulated laser beam were used to write these images. With an average laser power of 20 mW, 8×10 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> facsimile type continuous-tone images, with a resolution of 1300×2000 resolvable elements, were recorded in 4 s. Thermal writing on liquid crystals offers a unique and simple way to record and display high-quality high-resolution graphic images with the capabilities of fast total or local erase. A CW Nd:YA1G laser was used to write graphic and alphanumeric-type information on cholesteric and smectic-type liquid-crystal light valves. High quality black and white images with a resolution of 2000×2000 picture elements were recorded within 30×30 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of liquid-crystal cell frames. With 4 mW of laser power, images were recorded at a rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> resolvable elements per second. A contrast ratio of 7:1 was obtained with the cholesteric-type liquid-crystal light valve. The stored image was electrically erased in about 0.1 s. In smectic-type light valves, the contrast ratio was better than 10:1 and local erase was achieved by the application of an electric field while the laser beam locally heated the erased area.
Should respiratory therapists prescribe drugs? (1983)

In their move toward greater professionalism and responsibility, respiratory therapists are considering such issues as licensure, education standards, specialization, and prescribing drugs. In this article, views of both respiratory therapists and physicians on these issues are examined.
Synthesis of Novel Cross-Conjugated Dendritic Fluorophores Containing Both Phenylenevinylene and Phenyleneethynylene Moieties (2002)

New dendrons and dendrimers with dendritic arms composed of alternate phenyleneethynylene and phenylenevinylene moieties have been efficiently synthesized using orthogonal and convergent syntheses that combine Sonogashira and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions. Two different iterative routes have been developed that allow specific control over the placement of double and triple bonds within the interior of the dendrimers. A preliminary study of the UV and photoluminescence (PL) properties of the resulting compounds is also described. All of the examples prepared are blue-luminescent.
Space Time Protocol Based on IEEE1588 (2015)

With the increase in the number of satellites, the security time synchronization protocol between satellites and servers on the ground increasingly important. But, the time protocol that existing in space lack of security protections. Also, SEIEEE1588's author has gathered the advantage of both NTP and IEEE1588 protocol raise a security enhanced IEEE1588 protocol for deep-space environment (SEIEEE1588). The protocol just using symmetric encryption algorithm, does not consider the strong identity authentication, reasonable key update and other security measures. This paper on the basis of IEEE1588 and SEIEEE1588, research the time synchronization mechanism of IEEE1588, the security measures of SEIEEE1588 and safe data transmission protocols. At last, redesign the time synchronization protocol that contains identity authentication that use digital certificate to verify the identity of both sides, asymmetric encryption algorithm and reasonable key updates, to suitable the deep-space that is poor link quality, limited node computing power.
The DEMOS file system (1977)

This paper discusses the design of the file system for DEMOS, an operating system being developed for the CRAY-1 computer at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. The goals to be met, in particular the performance and usability considerations, are outlined. A description is given of the user interface and the general structure of the file system and the file system routines. A simple model of program behavior is used to demonstrate the effect of buffering data by the file system routines. A disk space allocation strategy is described which will take advantage of this buffering. The last section outlines how the performance mechanisms are integrated into the file system routines.
A double-blind randomized comparison of nortriptyline and paroxetine in the treatment of late-life depression: 6-week outcome. (1999)

Nortriptyline and paroxetine appear to have similar efficacy and tolerability in the acute (6-week) treatment of older depressed patients, including hospitalized patients and those with melancholic features.
A Truth Serum for Non-Bayesians: Correcting Proper Scoring Rules for Risk Attitudes (2009)

Proper scoring rules provide convenient and highly efficient tools for incentive-compatible elicitations of subjective beliefs. As traditionally used, however, they are valid only under expected value maximization. This paper shows how they can be generalized to modern ("non-expected utility") theories of risk and ambiguity, yielding mutual benefits: users of scoring rules can benefit from the empirical realism of non-expected utility, and analysts of ambiguity attitudes can benefit from efficient measurements using proper scoring rules. An experiment demonstrates the feasibility of our generalization.
Large scale synthesis of 4‐ethylpyrimidine (1992)

Abstract The reaction of methyl propionyl acetate with formamidine acetate in the presence of sodium methoxide produces 6‐ethyl‐4(3 H )‐pyrimidinone (1) in 67% isolated yield. Reaction with phosphorus oxychloride and subsequent catalytic hydrogenolysis affords 4‐ethylpyrimidine (3) in 41% overall yield.
Feasibility study of an integrated safety seat for infants and children under the age of two traveling in commercial aircraft (1999)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of integrated safety seat for children and infants onboard commercial aircraft. The researcher collected and analyzed data on the subject of safety seats for children and infants onboard commercial aircraft. The 115 participants for this study were randomly selected from the population of parents boarding commercial aircraft with infants and/or children. The research method used was descriptive and also compared the integrated safety seats for infants and children in automobiles to commercial aircraft. The survey examined whether or not parents were interested and willing to pay for an integrated safety seat, if available to them. Eighty-six percent were interested in paying for a seat designed for their children/infants. Appropriate recommendations were made, to address safety issues involving infants and children.
Notizen: Zur Existenz von C-Atomen mit Halogen- und Alkalimetall-Substituenten — Nachweis und α-Eliminierung metallierter 1.1-Diaryl-2-chloräthylene (1963)

Article Notizen: Zur Existenz von C-Atomen mit Halogen- und Alkalimetall-Substituenten — Nachweis und α-Eliminierung metallierter 1.1-Diaryl-2-chloräthylene was published on December 1, 1963 in the journal Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B (volume 18, issue 12).
Fracture prediction in metal sheets (2005)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 2005.
Artificial neural networks for small dataset analysis. (2015)

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are usually considered as tools which can help to analyze cause-effect relationships in complex systems within a big-data framework. On the other hand, health sciences undergo complexity more than any other scientific discipline, and in this field large datasets are seldom available. In this situation, I show how a particular neural network tool, which is able to handle small datasets of experimental or observational data, can help in identifying the main causal factors leading to changes in some variable which summarizes the behaviour of a complex system, for instance the onset of a disease. A detailed description of the neural network tool is given and its application to a specific case study is shown. Recommendations for a correct use of this tool are also supplied.
Caractérisation des surfaces par réflexion rasante de rayons X. Application à l'étude du polissage de quelques verres silicates (1980)

La théorie présentée permet d'obtenir une formulation explicite de l'influence des rugosités ainsi que des variations locales de constante diélectrique n2 (dues par exemple à une modification de composition ou de compacité) sur la réflexion rasante d'un faisceau de rayons X monochromatique, dans la mesure où les rugosités relèvent d'une distribution gaussienne et à condition que n2 ne dépende que de la profondeur Z par rapport au plan moyen de la surface éclairée. L'analyse des verres silicatés polis mécaniquement sur polissoir en poix, à l'aide de suspensions aqueuses d'oxydes divers, révèle que la couche de polissage se compose en réalité de deux zones bien distinctes. La première, tout à fait superficielle, l'épaisseur ne dépassant pas quelques dizaines d'angströms, présente une densité toujours inférieure à celle du coeur de l'échantillon et semble imputable au fluage plastique et à l'hydrolyse de la surface pendant le polissage. La seconde, sous-jacente, s'étend au contraire sur plusieurs centaines d'angströms et met en jeu un processus soit de densification (silice pure, alumino-silicate) soit de lacunisation (verres à assez forte teneur en ions alcalins). Nous examinons également l'influence de la durée du polissage, du type d'oxyde utilisé, et (ou) des traitements thermiques effectués après polissage, sur les divers paramètres qui caractérisent ces couches.
Electrotaxis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in a multiple-electric-field chip with uniform flow field (2012)

We report a new design of microfluidic chip (Multiple electric Field with Uniform Flow chip, MFUF chip) to create multiple electric field strengths (EFSs) while providing a uniform flow field simultaneously. MFUF chip was fabricated from poly-methyl methacrylates (PMMA) substrates by using CO2 laser micromachining. A microfluidic network with interconnecting segments was utilized to de-couple the flow field and the electric field (EF). Using our special design, different EFSs were obtained in channel segments that had an identical cross-section and therefore a uniform flow field. Four electric fields with EFS ratio of 7.9:2.8:1:0 were obtained with flow velocity variation of only 7.8% CV (coefficient of variation). Possible biological effect of shear force can therefore be avoided. Cell behavior under three EFSs and the control condition, where there is no EF, was observed in a single experiment. We validated MFUF chip performance using lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and then used the chip to study the electrotaxis of HSC-3, an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. The MFUF chip has high throughput capability for studying the EF-induced cell behavior under various EFSs, including the control condition (EFS = 0).
Increased Renal Angiopoietin-1 Expression in Folic Acid-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice (2001)

Growth factors affect epithelial regeneration after acute renal injury, but less is known regarding the expression of vascular growth factors in this setting. A mouse model of folic acid (FA)-induced nephrotoxicity was used to study the expression of angiopoietins (Ang), factors that bind the Tie-2 receptor and modulate endothelial growth. Tubular damage was detected 1 d after FA administration; in the next 14 d, most tubules regenerated but patchy atrophy, with interstitial fibrosis, was also observed. Ang-1 immunostaining was detected between cortical tubules and in the vasa rectae of vehicle-treated animals. FA-induced nephropathy was associated with the acquisition of Ang-1 immunostaining in renal arterial walls and in a subset of injured cortical tubules that failed to stain with periodic acid-Schiff stain, which indicated that they were distal tubules. Renal Ang-1 protein levels were significantly increased after FA administration, compared with time-matched control values, as assessed by Western blotting. Capillaries between regenerating tubules expressed both Tie-2 and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule. A subset of these endothelia expressed proliferating cell nuclear antigen, whereas capillary proliferation was absent in control samples. Therefore, FA-induced nephropathy is associated with increased Ang-1 protein expression in renal epithelia and arteries. In addition, Tie-2-expressing capillaries near damaged cortical tubules undergo proliferation. Further experiments are required to establish whether these events are functionally related.
The brief scale for anxiety: a subdivision of the comprehensive psychopathological rating scale. (1984)

A rating scale suitable for recording anxious symptoms is described. It is a subdivision of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and comprises 10 items, all of which are rated on a 7 point scale. It is suitable for the rating of pathological anxiety alone or for anxiety occurring in the setting of other psychological or medical disorder.
Recent developments in inhaled nitric oxide therapy of the newborn (1999)

Inhaled nitric oxide therapy improves oxygenation and reduces the need for extracorporeal life support in near-term and term newborns with hypoxemic respiratory failure and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Previous studies demonstrated that the efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide therapy is related to the underlying disease associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension and that lung recruitment strategies augment the response to this inhalational vasodilator. This review of recent studies evaluates new insight into important questions regarding the optimal dose of inhaled nitric oxide, potential adverse effects associated with inhaled nitric oxide therapy, and the potential role of inhaled nitric oxide in the premature newborn with hypoxemic respiratory failure.
Common problems in Papanicolaou smear interpretation. (1997)

No test ever invented has been as successful as the Papanicolaou smear in preventing cancer. Despite its remarkable success in cervical cancer prevention, however, the Papanicolaou smear is not a perfect test. Sampling errors account for a significant number of false-negative cases. Diagnostic errors occur in even the finest cytology laboratories. Yet, for women who develop cervical cancer, these errors pale in comparison with failure to screen patients adequately in the first place. This paper examines some of the problems that result in failure of the Papanicolaou smear to prevent cervical cancer, with an emphasis on common problems in Papanicolaou smear interpretation.
Correlation of Effects of Erythromycin Analogues on Intact Bacteria and on [ <sup>14</sup> C]Erythromycin Binding to <i>Escherichia coli</i> Ribosomes (1974)

The dissociation constants for binding to ribosomes from Escherichia coli and concentrations at which 50% inhibition of [(14)C]erythromycin binding to ribosomes occurred were determined for 45 erythromycin analogues. These values were correlated with their antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis. Compounds which bound to ribosomes best showed the greatest activities; those which were poorly bound to ribosomes showed little or no antibacterial activity. The ribosomal binding assays therefore reflected the general antibacterial potential of the erythromycin analogues.