gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Brisbane Systems Genetics Study: Genetical Genomics Meets Complex Trait Genetics (2012)

There is growing evidence that genetic risk factors for common disease are caused by hereditary changes of gene regulation acting in complex pathways. Clearly understanding the molecular genetic relationships between genetic control of gene expression and its effect on complex diseases is essential. Here we describe the Brisbane Systems Genetics Study (BSGS), a family-based study that will be used to elucidate the genetic factors affecting gene expression and the role of gene regulation in mediating endophenotypes and complex diseases.BSGS comprises of a total of 962 individuals from 314 families, for which we have high-density genotype, gene expression and phenotypic data. Families consist of combinations of both monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, their siblings, and, for 72 families, both parents. A significant advantage of the inclusion of parents is improved power to disentangle environmental, additive genetic and non-additive genetic effects of gene expression and measured phenotypes. Furthermore, it allows for the estimation of parent-of-origin effects, something that has not previously been systematically investigated in human genetical genomics studies. Measured phenotypes available within the BSGS include blood phenotypes and biochemical traits measured from components of the tissue sample in which transcription levels are determined, providing an ideal test case for systems genetics approaches.We report results from an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis using 862 individuals from BSGS to test for associations between expression levels of 17,926 probes and 528,509 SNP genotypes. At a study wide significance level approximately 15,000 associations were observed between expression levels and SNP genotypes. These associations corresponded to a total of 2,081 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) involving 1,503 probes. The majority of identified eQTL (87%) were located within cis-regions.
Natural History of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (2014)

The differential diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) has become clearer following the establishment of the relationships between (1) diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli-HUS (STEC-HUS), (2) a markedly reduced ADAMTS-13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) level and typical thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and (3) abnormalities in the complement regulatory system and atypical HUS (aHUS). These TMAs include typical TTP, other forms of TMA, STEC-HUS, and aHUS. The pathological mechanisms of TMA still overlap among several forms of TMA. With respect to the management of TMA, the use of plasma exchange (PE) for typical TTP, additional steroid therapy for TMA and rituximab for typical TTP with a high titer of the inhibitor of ADAMTS-13, as well as eculizumab for aHUS, have also been established. Although several issues remain in the pathophysiology and management of TMA, new findings will hopefully resolve these problems in the near future.
2009 개정(改定) 교육과정(敎育課程)에서 한문과(漢文科) 위상(位相)과 새 한문과(漢文科) 교육과정(敎育課程)의 방향(方向) (2015)

본 論文은 2009 改定 敎育課程의 運營에 따른 漢文科의 位相을 알아 보았으며, 향후 개정될 漢文科 敎育課程의 方向을 밝힌 것이다. 최초 독립교과로 편성된 3차 교육과정부터 한문과는 6차교육과정까지는 큰 변화없이 필수 교과의 편제시수를 유지해왔다. 그러나 7차 개정 이후 한문과는 중, 고등학교에서 선택교과로 되면서 최대 단위시수보다 최소 단위시수로 운영되었다. 이후 한문과의 위상이 낮아졌다. 2009 개정 교육과정의 운영에 대해서 한문과 교사들을 대상으로 설문을 통하여 조사해 보았다. 그 결과 학교교육과정 편성시에 60% 이상의 한문과 교가사 한문과 교과 시수 감소를 경험했다. 이에 따라서 30% 이상의 한문과 교사가 타과목 상치(相馳)를 요구받았다. 비정규직 한문과 기간제 교사의 경우는 재계약을 못하는 경우도 있었음이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 상황은 동일한 학교내에서 한문과 교사가 타교과 교사에 비해 신분적 안정이나 대우의 측면에서 불이익을 받고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 이로 인해 한문과 교사들이 심리적으로 불안을 느끼는 경우도 상당히 많았음이 밝혀졌다. 2007 개정 한문과 교육과정을 다시 개정한 2009 한문과 교육과정은 첫째, 중학교 성취기준이 통합되었다. 둘째, 중학교한문, 고등학교 한문Ⅰ, 고등학교 한문Ⅱ의 학습 요소를 성취기준으로 전환하고 동시에 성취기준을 위계화(位階化)하였음이 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 내용체계를 대영역에서는 한문 영역을 ‘독해, 문화’ 두 영역으로 나누어 모두 ‘독해, 문화, 한문지식’ 세 개 영역으로 확장했다. 2009 개정 한문과 교육과정은 여러 가지 방면에서 이전의 교육과정(2007 개정 한문과 교육과정, 7차 교육과정)에 비해서 개선된 측면이 많았다. 그러나 몇 가지 측면에서 보완되어야 할 점도 드러났다. 첫째, 전체적인 것으로 2009 개정 한문과 교육과정은 ‘해설서’가 없어 2007 개정 한문과 교육과정을 참고해야 한다. 따라서 변경된 내용에 대한 혼란이 심하므로 ‘해설서’ 또는 그에 준하는 것이 있어야 함이 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 교육환경이 크게 변함에 따라 ‘인성’에 대한 영역을 개발할 필요가 있다. 이에 대영역, 중영역을 바꾸어야 함이 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 편제시수의 감소에 따라 성취기준의 양을 적정화해야 함이 밝혀졌다.
Activation of complement by human IgG1 and human IgG3 antibodies against the human leucocyte antigen CD52 (1998)

Activation of the complement cascade by immunoglobulin G (IgG) plays a major role in the host defense against pathogens. Using recombinant human antibodies specific for the leucocyte antigen CD52, different allotypes of human IgG1 subclass were compared for their ability to activate human complement. In addition the roles of the different length hinge regions of IgG1 and IgG3 were investigated. It was found that the naturally occurring allotypes G1m(a,z) and G1m(f), and one artificially created isoallotype, G1m(null), did not significantly differ in their overall ability to cause cell lysis. However, some differences in binding of individual components of the classical activation pathway were detected. More of the complement component C1s seemed to be associated with the allotype G1m(f), although this did not result in an overall improvement in lytic potency. In this system the wild-type IgG3 was found to be less effective in complement lysis than IgG1. By shortening the hinge region of IgG3 to resemble that of an IgG1 antibody, increased complement binding was observed compared with that of wild-type IgG3 and the IgG1 allotypes. The overall lytic potency of the antibody was also improved compared with wild type IgG3 and it was also slightly more effective than the IgG1 allotypes.
Three-dimensional, sharp-tipped electrodes concentrate applied fields to enable direct electrical release of intact biomarkers from cells (2014)

Biomarkers such as proteins and nucleic acids released from human cells, bacteria, and viruses offer a wealth of information pertinent to diagnosis and treatment ranging from cancer to infectious disease. The release of these molecules from within cells is a crucial step in biomarker analysis. Here we show that purely electric-field-driven lysis can be achieved, inline, within a microfluidic channel; that it can produce highly efficient lysis and biomarker release; and, further, that it can do so with minimal degradation of the released biomarkers. Central to this new technology is the use of three-dimensional sharp-tipped electrodes (3DSTEs) in lysis, which we prove using experiment and finite-element modeling produce the electric field concentration necessary for efficient cell wall rupture.
Involved-field radiotherapy in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (2007)

Sir,

Elective nodal irradiation (ENI) was used in conventional radiotherapy (RT) target volume for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) in contrast to involved-field RT only in some recent studies (Erridge and Murray, 2003). In contrast to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where ENI was now less favoured (Senan et al, 2004), whether ENI could be safely omitted or not was less clear for LS-SCLC. To our knowledge, your article by Baas et al (2006) was the first prospective report regarding involved-field RT (i.e., omission of ENI). However, we felt that the data and conclusion reported in this study were not complete. The authors reported that local recurrences (within the target area) were seen in six patients (16%). It was concluded that combination chemotherapy with concurrent involved-field RT is an effective treatment for LS-SCLC. However, the number of nodal failures (within omitted ENI) was not reported. De Ruysscher et al (2006) reported that three patients (crude rate 11%, 95% CI 2.4–29%) developed an isolated nodal failure in a phase II study employing ENI. They concluded that the safety of selective nodal irradiation in NSCLC should not be extrapolated to patients with LS-SCLC until more data are available. We believe that the detail recurrence pattern in the study by Baas et al (2006) would be of great value in the issue of ENI in RT for LS-SCLC if this was reported formally in your journal, unless it was planned to be published elsewhere.
The human Tap protein is a nuclear mRNA export factor that contains novel RNA-binding and nucleocytoplasmic transport sequences (1999)

The constitutive transport element (CTE) encoded by simian type D retroviruses directs unspliced viral RNAs into a nuclear export pathway that is congruent with the pathway used by cellular mRNAs. Here, we show that quail cells are refractory to CTE function but become highly permissive upon expression of the human Tap protein, a candidate CTE cofactor. Tap contains a novel sequence-specific RNA binding domain that is sufficient for CTE binding but inadequate to support CTE function. Using microinjection assays, we have defined two NLSs and one NES in Tap. Mutational inactivation of the Tap NES, which lies outside the RNA-binding domain, not only blocks Tap function but also generates dominant-negative forms of Tap. Whereas replacement of the Tap NES with the well-defined Rev NES rescues the ability of Tap to support CTE function, this substitution also confers sensitivity to agents that block the activity of Crm1, the Rev NES cofactor. Together, these data validate Tap as the first human sequence-specific nuclear mRNA export factor and identify a novel type of NES that can support nuclear mRNA export but does not act via Crm1.
Integration of manned and unmanned aircraft systems into U.S. airspace (2014)

Drone, remotely piloted vehicle (RPV), remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), remotely operated aircraft (ROA), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), or Unmanned Aircraft Systems refer to aircraft without a human pilot on board. UAVs have three main classes based upon the weight - light, medium and heavy. There is a flight altitude restriction of 400 feet for light 10,000 feet for medium and 18,000 feet max for non-military UAV.
Performance of Radiologists in Detection of Small Pulmonary Nodules on Chest Radiographs: Effect of Rib Suppression With a Massive-Training Artificial Neural Network (2009)

In the detection of pulmonary nodules, evaluation of a combination of rib-suppressed and original chest radiographs significantly improved the diagnostic performance of radiologists over the use of chest radiographs alone.
Diels-Alder Reactions of 9-Substituted Anthracenes.<sup>1</sup> II. 9-Cyanoanthracene (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiels-Alder Reactions of 9-Substituted Anthracenes.1 II. 9-CyanoanthraceneJohn S. Meek, John R. Dann, and Bing T. PoonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 20, 5413–5416Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01601a067Request reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (538 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Hedgehog Receptor Patched Functions in Multidrug Transport and Chemotherapy Resistance (2012)

Most anticancer drugs fail to eradicate tumors, leading to the development of drug resistance and disease recurrence. The Hedgehog signaling plays a crucial role during embryonic development, but is also involved in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. The Hedgehog receptor Patched (Ptc) is a Hedgehog signaling target gene that is overexpressed in many cancer cells. Here, we show a link between Ptc and resistance to chemotherapy, and provide new insight into Ptc function. Ptc is cleared from the plasma membrane upon interaction with its ligand Hedgehog, or upon treatment of cells with the Hedgehog signaling antagonist cyclopamine. In both cases, after incubation of cells with doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent that is used for the clinical management of recurrent cancers, we observed an inhibition of the efflux of doxorubicin from Hedgehog-responding fibroblasts, and an increase of doxorubicin accumulation in two different cancer cell lines that are known to express aberrant levels of Hedgehog signaling components. Using heterologous expression system, we stringently showed that the expression of human Ptc conferred resistance to growth inhibition by several drugs from which chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin, methotrexate, temozolomide, and 5-fluorouracil. Resistance to doxorubicin correlated with Ptc function, as shown using mutations from Gorlin's syndrome patients in which the Ptc-mediated effect on Hedgehog signaling is lost. Our results show that Ptc is involved in drug efflux and multidrug resistance, and suggest that Ptc contributes to chemotherapy resistance of cancer cells.
Efficient Turnover of Chlorocatechols Is Essential for Growth of <i>Ralstonia eutropha</i> JMP134(pJP4) in 3-Chlorobenzoic Acid (2003)

Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4) degrades 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB) by using two not completely isofunctional, pJP4-encoded chlorocatechol degradation gene clusters, tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II). Introduction of several copies of each gene cluster into R. eutropha JMP222, which lacks pJP4 and thus accumulates chlorocatechols from 3-CB, allows the derivatives to grow in this substrate. However, JMP222 derivatives containing one chromosomal copy of each cluster did not grow in 3-CB. The failure to grow in 3-CB was the result of accumulation of chlorocatechols due to the limiting activity of chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (TfdC), the first enzyme in the chlorocatechol degradation pathway. Micromolar concentrations of 3- and 4-chlorocatechol inhibited the growth of strains JMP134 and JMP222 in benzoate, and cells of strain JMP222 exposed to 3 mM 3-CB exhibited a 2-order-of-magnitude decrease in viability. This toxicity effect was not observed with strain JMP222 harboring multiple copies of the tfdC(I) gene, and the derivative of strain JMP222 containing tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) plus multiple copies of the tfdC(I) gene could efficiently grow in 3-CB. In addition, tfdC(I) and tfdC(II) gene mutants of strain JMP134 exhibited no growth and impaired growth in 3-CB, respectively. The introduction into strain JMP134 of the xylS-xylXYZL genes, encoding a broad-substrate-range benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase system and thus increasing the transformation of 3-CB into chlorocatechols, resulted in derivatives that exhibited a sharp decrease in the ability to grow in 3-CB. These observations indicate that the dosage of chlorocatechol-transforming genes is critical for growth in 3-CB. This effect depends on a delicate balance between chlorocatechol-producing and chlorocatechol-consuming reactions.
Curative effect of Fasudil injection combined with Nimodipine on Alzheimer disease of elderly patients (2011)

Objective To investigate the curative effect of Fasudil injection combined with Nimodipine on the Alzheimer disease of elderly patients.Methods 106 elderly patients with the Alzheimer disease randomly selected and divided into 2 groups.53 cases in control group were treated with Nimodipine,while 53 cases in treatment group were treated with Fasudil injection combined with Nimodipine.The score was detected before and after treatments according to the MMSE,VFT and ADL.Results The MMSE and VFT score increased obviously and the ADL score decreased in treatment group after treatments(P0.05).The total efficiency in treatment group was 90.57% versus 66.04% in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Compared with Nimodipine,Fasudil injection combined with Nimodipine has a better effect on the Alzheimer disease of elderly patients.
Any 𝑛 arithmetic progressions covering the first 2ⁿ integers cover all integers (1970)

In 1958 S. Stein [7] defined a system of n congruences x = a< (mod bi), 1^-i^n, to be disjoint if no x satisfies more than one of them. He conjectured that for every disjoint system of n congruences with distinct moduli there exists an x, l^x^2", satisfying none of them. P. Erdos [2] proved this with w2n instead of 2" and proposed the stronger conjecture that any system of n congruence classes not covering all integers omits some x between 1 and 2". He proved this with 2" replaced by some constant depending only on n.
Cutting Edge: Central Memory T Cells Do Not Show Accelerated Proliferation or Tissue Infiltration in Response to Localized Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Infection (2006)

Memory T cells mount an enhanced response to secondary infections. Such an enhancement has been attributed in part to the ability of memory cells to more rapidly respond to cognate stimulation. In this study we have examined the rapidity with which murine CD8(+) memory T cells respond to a localized infection with HSV. Although central memory T cells (TcM), but not the effector memory T cells, mounted a strong recall response to secondary infection, the kinetics of TcM proliferation, the magnitude of their expansion, and their infiltration into infected nonlymphoid tissues were not advanced compared with that observed for naive T cells. These findings imply that it is the lack of accelerated proliferation kinetics and the subsequent delayed dissemination into the periphery that limits the ability of TcM to rapidly control localized virus replication.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of β,γ‐Enones. Part 9. Mechanistic Photochemical Studies on the 1,3‐Acyl Shift and Oxa‐di‐π‐methane Rearrangement of Two β,γ·γ′,δ′‐Dienones. (1986)

Abstract Die direkte Anregung von (II) bzw. (III) führt zu einem photostationären Gemisch der beiden Isomeren.
Beyond the keyword barrier: knowledge-based information retrieval* (1987)

Most present-day information retrieval systems use the presence or absence of keywords to determine whether a document is relevant to a user's query. Although some systems do sophisticated statistical weighting and word-stem extraction, or exploit a
Roles of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and the met receptor in the early development of the metanephros. (1995)

Several lines of evidence suggest that hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), a soluble protein secreted by embryo fibroblasts and several fibroblast lines, may elicit morphogenesis in adjacent epithelial cells. We investigated the role of HGF/SF and its membrane receptor, the product of the c-met protooncogene, in the early development of the metanephric kidney. At the inception of the mouse metanephros at embryonic day 11, HGF/SF was expressed in the mesenchyme, while met was expressed in both the ureteric bud and the mesenchyme, as assessed by reverse transcription PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. To further investigate the expression of met in renal mesenchyme, we isolated 13 conditionally immortal clonal cell lines from transgenic mice expressing a temperature-sensitive mutant of the SV-40 large T antigen. Five had the HGF/SF+/met+ phenotype and eight had the HGF/SF-/met+ phenotype. None had the HGF/SF+/met- nor the HGF/SF-/met- phenotypes. Thus the renal mesenchyme contains cells that express HGF/SF and met or met alone. When metanephric rudiments were grown in serum-free organ culture, anti-HGF/SF antibodies (a) inhibited the differentiation of metanephric mesenchymal cells into the epithelial precursors of the nephron; (b) increased cell death within the renal mesenchyme; and (c) perturbed branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud. These data provide the first demonstration for coexpression of the HGF/SF and met genes in mesenchymal cells during embryonic development and also imply an autocrine and/or paracrine role for HGF/SF and met in the survival of the renal mesenchyme and in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition that occurs during nephrogenesis. They also confirm the postulated paracrine role of HGF/SF in the branching of the ureteric bud.
Hemolysis associated with plastics—A histopathologic study with polyurethane (1970)

Abstract Polyurethane implanted subcutaneously in mice and rats is accompanied by a chronic granulomatous reaction in which there is an excessive amount of hemosiderin. Preceding the occurrence of hemosiderin, many erythrocytes are present, some of which are partially creatinated. Hemosiderin apparently results from the lysis of these red cells. It is suggested that this infiltration of erythrocytes and subsequent hemolysis may result from a positive charge associated with this plastic, attracting the negative charged blood cells. A similar reaction occurs with fragments of nylon and Teflon. There is no significant number of erythrocytes or hemosiderin, however, associated with the inflammatory reaction accompanying carbon black, glass beads, resin or Fuller's earth.
Speaker Linking and Applications Using Non-Parametric Hashing Methods (2016)

Abstract : Large unstructured audio data sets have become ubiquitous and present a challenge for organization and search. One logical approach for structuring data is to find common speakers and link occurrences across different recordings. Prior approaches to this problem have focused on basic methodology for the linking task. In this paper, we introduce a novel trainable nonparametric hashing method for indexing large speaker recording data sets. This approach leads to tunable computational complexity methods for speaker linking. We focus on a scalable clustering method based on hashingcanopy-clustering. We apply this method to a large corpus of speaker recordings, demonstrate performance tradeoffs, and compare to other hashing methods.
A Coalition Game Framework for Decode-and-Forward Relay Networks (2009)

Coalitional game theory is a promising tool for analyzing the dynamics of networks that implement cooperative protocols. In this paper, we examine the stable outcomes of a self-organizing cooperative network based on decode-and-forward relaying, namely, orthogonal (ODF) and non-orthogonal decode-and-forward (NDF) relay networks. A coalitional game theory approach is formulated to examine how cooperative groups would form in a distributed manner, as well as possible resource allocation methods within groups. Numerical results are presented with a utility function based on the ergodic capacity, which reveal a trade-off between sum-rate and diversity for the ODF system. For the NDF network, it is shown that it is always beneficial for all users to cooperate as a single group.