gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new real-time negative and positive sequence components detecting method based on space vector (2002)

Based on the concept of the space vector, a new method for real-time detection of the fundamental negative and positive sequence components as well as the harmonic components of power system signals is developed in this paper. In the method, the three-phase quantity is firstly converted into a space vector, whose real part and imaginary part are filtered by two filters respectively in order to eliminate the harmonics. After filtering, the space-vector is composed of two vectors actually. The counter-clockwise rotating one corresponds to the fundamental positive sequence component, and the clockwise rotating one corresponds to the fundamental negative sequence component. A method is developed in the paper to real-time decompose the two vectors. After decomposing, rotate the two vectors a proper angle according to the phase error caused by the filters at the fundamental frequency respectively the phase error can be eliminated. So the fundamental negative and positive sequence components can be real-time detected with high precision. At the same time, the harmonics can also be detected by the method. Simulation results have validated the proposed method.
<i>Beta</i>-interferon inhibits cell infection by <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>. (1984)

Preparations containing alpha/beta-interferon produced by L-929 cells were found to inhibit the capacity of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma cruzi to associate with and infect mouse peritoneal macrophages or rat heart myoblasts. Marked reductions in the number of parasites per cell as well as in the percentage of cells associated with the trypanosomes were systematically observed in cultures of these cells that contained interferon. The inhibitory effect was abrogated in the presence of specific antibodies against alpha/beta-interferon, and purified beta-interferon induced a similar inhibitory effect, indicating that the active principle in the preparation was indeed interferon. Pretreatment of the parasites with alpha/beta-interferon reduced their infectivity for untreated host cells, whereas pretreatment of either type of host cell had no consequence on the interaction. The effect of interferon on the trypanosomes was reversible; the extent of the inhibitory effect was significantly reduced after 20 min, and was undetectable after 60 min when macrophages were used as host cells. Longer periods of time were required for the inhibitory effect to begin to subside (60 min) and to become undetectable or insignificant (120 min) when rat heart myoblasts were used. The results of additional studies performed with purified preparations of alpha- or beta-interferon revealed that only the latter was inhibitory of cell-parasite association. Because interferon is known to be produced shortly after T. cruzi infection and its administration has been shown to have a marked protective effect against this infection, our results suggest that the latter may involve inhibition of cell infection by interferon.
Walrus-a low latency, high throughput Web service using Internet-wide replication (2003)

Today, most of the popular Web sites are served from single locations. This basic Web client-server model is easy to deploy and maintain and thus is very successful. It suffers, however, from several efficiency and availability problems. This paper presents Walrus, a low-latency, high-throughput Web service that addresses some of these problems. Under Walrus, a single logical Web server can be replicated to several clusters of identical servers where each cluster resides in a different part of the Internet. An important aspect of Walrus is its ability to transparently direct the Web browser to the best replica without any changes to the Web server, Web client, and network infrastructure. "Best" is a relative term, dependent on where the client is located on the network, the load on each replica, and more. Walrus deploys on elegant algorithm that balances these considerations.
Stiffness Reduction Strategies for Additively Manufactured Compliant Mechanisms (2016)

This work develops and examines design strategies for reducing the stiffness of 3D-printed compliant mechanisms. The three aspects of a flexure that determine its stiffness are well known: material, boundary conditions, and geometry. In a highly constrained design space however, flexure stiffness may remain unacceptably high even while arriving at the limits of design constraints. In this work, changes to geometry and boundary conditions are examined that lead to drastically reduced stiffness behavior without changing flexure thickness, width, or length. Changes to geometry can result in very complex mechanisms. However, 3D printing enables almost arbitrarily complex geometries. This dissertation presents three design strategies for stiffness reduction: static balancing, lattice flexures, and compound joints. Static balancing refers to changes in the boundary conditions that result in a near-zero net change in potential energy storage over the useful deflection of a flexure. In this work, I present a method for static balancing that utilizes non-dimensional parameters to quickly synthesize a joint design with stiffness reduced by nearly 90%. This method is not only simple and straightforward, it is applicable to a wide range of flexure topologies. The only requirements on the joint to be balanced are that it must be approximated as a pin joint and torsion spring, and it must have a well-understood stiffness when subjected to a compressive load. Lattice flexures result from modifications to geometry that reduce cross-sectional area without changing width or thickness. However, the reduction in stiffness is greater than the reduction in cross sectional area. This can occur because the bending load is now carried by beams partially in torsion. Two lattice geometries are proposed and analyzed in detail using analytic and numeric techniques. It is shown that the off-axis stiffness behavior of lattice flexures can be better than that of conventional blade flexures while bending stiffness is reduced >60%. Compound joints are those that consist of arrays of flexures arranged co-axially. This arrangement provides increased range of motion, generally decreased stiffness, and improved stability. Additionally, a method is herein presented to reduce the parasitic center shift of a compound joint to nearly zero at a specified deflection. The penultimate chapter demonstrates how all three strategies can be used together, and includes new results to facilitate their combination.
Reconstructing the Extended Kin-network in the Netherlands with Genealogical Data: Methods, Problems, and Results (1997)

This paper discusses the use of genealogical data for the study of the historical development of kinship networks in the Netherlands 1830-1990. There are two main problems in using genealogies: the year of death is missing for a sizeable part of the research population; and the information available on all relevant branches is far from complete. A mixed estimation procedure was used to impute the missing years of death. Overcoming the second problem is more difficult; the only solution was to exclude individuals without children from the analysis. If these and other limitations of genealogies are not ignored and the effects of various types of under-registration are carefully assessed genealogies can provide valuable information for our understanding of historical kinship patterns. The empirical results using data on more than 160000 persons show that demographic changes in Dutch society during the last 160 years have significantly affected the kinship configuration. (EXCERPT)
A thresholding hierarchical block matching algorithm for motion estimation (2002)

The well-known full search block matching method is very time-consuming as a result of exhaustive search where all the possible motion vectors are considered. Multiresolution block matching algorithms reduce the computation by taking advantage of pyramid structure. However, both approaches treat every region in an image domain indiscriminately no matter whether the region under consideration contains complicated motion or not. In this paper, we present a new hierarchical block matching algorithm for motion estimation using thresholding. Regions experiencing relatively uniform motion are withheld from further processing via thresholding, thus saving lots of computation. No pyramid is actually formed, that is, all levels in the hierarchy have the same resolution. Experiments have demonstrated that for videoconferencing sequences, the proposed algorithm works faster and has much less motion vectors than both the full search block matching and multiresolution technique while maintaining almost the same quality of reconstructed images.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering in an on-chip microdisk resonator (2015)

Brillouin scattering is the scattering of light from sound waves in a medium. There are three waves involved in the process: two optical waves (pump and scattered light) and one acoustic wave, and the scattering process is restricted through the conservation of momentum and energy. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) occurs when the interference between the pump and scattered light reinforces the acoustic wave by electrostriction or by optical absorption. SBS is considered to be the strongest material level optical nonlinearity with many applications including SBS lasers, microwave oscillators, optical phase conjugation and slow light.\nNonlinear optical phenomena can be enhanced in resonant systems due to the significantly increased interaction times between photons. In this regard, the SBS nonlinearity has already been demonstrated in resonators such as microsphere and microcapillary. However all these previous demonstrations have been off-chip as it is extremely challenging to satisfy the phase- matching requirements in small resonators due to the fewer optical modes available. An on-chip SBS-based optomechanical microresonator might be interesting since it will be more stable against vibration, and it will also demonstrate the potential for integration with other on-chip optical devices and the generation of resonantly enhanced SBS slow light on a chip.\nIn this thesis, we propose a released silicon nitride microdisk resonator coupled by means of waveguide and gratings to realize on-chip SBS. Our COMSOL simulations show that the phase matching condition is possible between the first- and second-order transverse optical modes in the wavelength range of interest (1.52 μm-1.57 μm) by adjusting the dimension of the microdisk. The fabrication work is carried out in the cleanroom in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory at the University of Illinois. It is shown that the releasing of the microdisk with suitable undercut is the most challenging step due to the delicate suspended structure as well as the stress in the silicon nitride layer. The unreleased device is tested by a setup that is designed for grating coupler testing, with a key component that is a “V groove assembly”. It shows that the grating and the disk work properly in our system. The fabrication process needs to be further optimized to achieve high quality factor and low insertion loss.
Gene expression profiles of TNF‐α, TACE, furin, IL‐1β and matrilysin in UVA‐ and UVB‐irradiated HaCat cells (2005)

Results suggest that time-distinct gene induction of TNF-alpha, furin, IL-1beta and matrilysin may be involved in UV-induced cellular responses, but not for TACE. In general, mRNA induction was dose dependent at some time points post-irradiation, but not throughout the whole time course tested. Our results show that quantitative real-time PCR is a useful tool in the analysis of quantitative changes of mRNA levels in cultured HaCaT cells after UV exposure.
Structural Basis for Imipenem Inhibition of Class C β-Lactamases (2002)

To determine how imipenem inhibits the class C beta-lactamase AmpC, the X-ray crystal structure of the acyl-enzyme complex was determined to a resolution of 1.80 A. In the complex, the lactam carbonyl oxygen of imipenem has flipped by approximately 180 degrees compared to its expected position; the electrophilic acyl center is thus displaced from the point of hydrolytic attack. This conformation resembles that of imipenem bound to the class A enzyme TEM-1 but is different from that of moxalactam bound to AmpC.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Inflammation of Small Airways and Lung Parenchyma (1999)

Currently available information suggests that cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation has a pathogenic role in the development of COPD. Neutrophils, eosinophils, alveolar macrophages, and lymphocytes all appear to participate in the inflammatory process. However, the respective importance of these cells and their level of activation are difficult to quantitate because disease phenotyping, and compartmentalization of inflammation and markers of inflammation in the lung, influence the obtained data and bias their interpretation. Bronchoscopic biopsies are typically obtained from larger, cartilaginous airways containing submucosal glands whereas the site of airflow obstruction in COPD is predominantly the membranous bronchiole, devoid of cartilage and submucosal glands. This makes it difficult to establish structure-function relationships. The proportion of neutrophils has been reported to increase in repeated induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples. This observation suggests neutrophil recruitment into the airway is induced by the tests or sampling of different airway compartments in subsequent tests. There appears to be a good correlation between the proportions of eosinophils in induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on the one hand and in airway tissue on the other. However, this is not the case for other inflammatory cells, especially T lymphocytes, which are more numerous in airway tissue. Despite these inconsistencies, induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, and bronchial biopsies can be used as markers of inflammation in COPD as long as their limitations are recognized. Cosio MG, Guerassimov A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: inflammation of small airways and lung parenchyma.
Classification of movement disorders (2011)

The classification of movement disorders has evolved. Even the terminology has shifted, from an anatomical one of extrapyramidal disorders to a phenomenological one of movement disorders. The history of how this shift came about is described. The history of both the definitions and the classifications of the various neurologic conditions is then reviewed. First is a review of movement disorders as a group; then, the evolving classifications for 3 of them--parkinsonism, dystonia, and tremor--are covered in detail.
Oscillations in sensorimotor cortex in movement disorders: an electrocorticography study (2012)

Movement disorders of basal ganglia origin may arise from abnormalities in synchronized oscillatory activity in a network that includes the basal ganglia, thalamus and motor cortices. In humans, much has been learned from the study of basal ganglia local field potentials recorded from temporarily externalized deep brain stimulator electrodes. These studies have led to the theory that Parkinson's disease has characteristic alterations in the beta frequency band (13-30 Hz) in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical network. However, different disorders have rarely been compared using recordings in the same structure under the same behavioural conditions, limiting straightforward assessment of current hypotheses. To address this, we utilized subdural electrocorticography to study cortical oscillations in the three most common movement disorders: Parkinson's disease, primary dystonia and essential tremor. We recorded local field potentials from the arm area of primary motor and sensory cortices in 31 subjects using strip electrodes placed temporarily during routine surgery for deep brain stimulator placement. We show that: (i) primary motor cortex broadband gamma power is increased in Parkinson's disease compared with the other conditions, both at rest and during a movement task; (ii) primary motor cortex high beta (20-30 Hz) power is increased in Parkinson's disease during the 'stop' phase of a movement task; (iii) the alpha-beta peaks in the motor and sensory cortical power spectra occur at higher frequencies in Parkinson's disease than in the other two disorders; and (iv) patients with dystonia have impaired movement-related beta band desynchronization in primary motor and sensory cortices. The findings support the emerging hypothesis that disease states reflect abnormalities in synchronized oscillatory activity. This is the first study of sensorimotor cortex local field potentials in the three most common movement disorders.
Nebulized and oral thiol derivatives for pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis (2013)

We found no evidence to recommend the use of either nebulized or oral thiol derivatives in people with cystic fibrosis. There are very few good quality trials investigating the effect of these medications in cystic fibrosis, and further research is required to investigate the potential role of these medications in improving the outcomes of people with cystic fibrosis.
Basilar Membrane Vibration Examined with the Mössbauer Technique (1967)

The tuning curve has been measured, in vivo, at a point approximately 1.5 millimeters from the stapes in the first turn of the guinea pig cochlea. Curves for constant stapes movement and constant sound pressure were obtained over the range 350 hertz to 30 kilohertz, with an amplitude peak at about 18 kilohertz.
&alpha;<sub>1</sub>-Adrenoceptor Subtypes and &alpha;<sub>1</sub>-Adrenoceptor Antagonists (2006)

Alpha(1)-adrenoceptors are widely distributed in the human body and play important physiologic roles. Three alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes (alpha(1A), alpha(1B) and alpha(1D)) have been cloned and show different pharmacologic profiles. In addition, a putative alpha(1)-adrenoceptor (alpha(1L) subtype) has also been proposed. Recently, three drugs (tamsulosin, naftopidil, and silodosin) have been developed in Japan for the treatment of urinary obstruction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. In this review, we describe recent alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subclassifications and the pharmacologic characteristics (subtype selectivity and clinical relevance) of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists.
Radical Polymerization in Industry (2012)

Abstract The position of radical polymerization (RP) in the context of polymer industry is highlighted. The mechanistic steps of RP are discussed from an industrial point of view. An overview of industrial initiators including photoinitiators, chain transfer agents, and monomer stabilizers is given. The most important polymerization processes with focus on emulsion polymerization (EP) and dispersion polymers as well as types of polymerization reactors are presented. The progress of controlled RP toward commercialization is reviewed.
A harmonic tracking method for Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging (2012)

Ultrasound-based elasticity imaging methods, such as Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging, rely upon the accurate estimation of displacements to characterize the mechanical response of soft tissues. Sources of clutter, such as off-axis scattering and reverberation, can corrupt displacement estimates and result in noisy images. In this work, we investigated the use of filter-based and pulse inversion harmonic tracking methods to monitor the displacements induced by an ARFI excitation. A fully sampled method was developed that improves the temporal sampling frequency associated with the pulse inversion technique. Implemented on a conventional scanner, the harmonic tracking methods are compared with conventional ARFI imaging techniques that use the fundamental component of the received beam in phantoms and in vivo. In phantoms, where the generated harmonics are minimal, the harmonic and fundamental methods provided similar results. Decreased jitter and improved feature detection in ARFI images were obtained with harmonic tracking methods in vivo.
Anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta antibodies inhibit breast cancer cell tumorigenicity and increase mouse spleen natural killer cell activity. Implications for a possible role of tumor cell/host TGF-beta interactions in human breast cancer progression. (1993)

TGF-beta effects on angiogenesis, stroma formation, and immune function suggest its possible involvement in tumor progression. This hypothesis was tested using the 2G7 IgG2b, which neutralizes TGF-beta 1, -beta 2, and -beta 3, and the MDA-231 human breast cancer cell line. Inoculation of these cells in athymic mice decreases mouse spleen natural killer (NK) cell activity. Intraperitoneal injections of 2G7 starting 1 d after intraperitoneal inoculation of tumor cells suppressed intraabdominal tumor and lung metastases, whereas the nonneutralizing anti-TGF-beta 12H5 IgG2a had no effect. 2G7 transiently inhibited growth of established MDA-231 subcutaneous tumors. Histologically, both 2G7-treated and control tumors were identical. Intraperitoneal administration of 2G7 resulted in a marked increase in mouse spleen NK cell activity. 2G7 did not inhibit MDA-231 primary tumor or metastases formation, nor did it stimulate NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in beige NK-deficient nude mice. Finally, serum-free conditioned medium from MDA-231 cells inhibited the NK cell activity of human blood lymphocytes. This inhibition was blocked by the neutralizing anti-TGF-beta 2G7 antibody but not by a nonspecific IgG2. These data support a possible role for tumor cell TGF-beta in the progression of mammary carcinomas by suppressing host immune surveillance.
Analytical control synthesis for adaptive flying-qualities adherence (2002)

An analytical procedure is described for synthesis and stability assessment of control systems for adaptive flying-qualities adherence with linear and nonlinear aircraft dynamics. This procedure directly incorporates desired low-order equivalent system (LOES) frequency and damping parameter values into the synthesis of control laws that provide optimal adherence to MIL-STD-1797A guidelines. The procedure is used to derive a longitudinal control law for a contemporary fighter aircraft. Simulation results are presented. It is believed that this approach offers improved flying qualities and may be suitable for mitigation of pilot induced oscillation problems because its closed-loop phase lag is essentially that of the LOES specification.
MEMs for Aerospace Navigation (2007)

The MEMS aerospace market has its own specificities in terms of market size, standards, and performance characteristics (very long term stability, reliability, and safety levels). Improvements are needed for future applications. THALES Avionics has a twenty-year experience in quartz and silicon MEMS design and manufacturing and is recognized as a leader by the French MOD in this field. MEMS pressure sensors and accelerometers are manufactured in large volume and used for safety-critical applications. THALES technology policy focused on planar architecture, die vacuum packaging, and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) allowing good characteristics for sensors in development. A Silicon Vibrating Beam Accelerometer single chip is now under development. Its operating principle is described with two resonators in push-pull configuration. A tuning fork planar rate gyro is also developed with exactly the same technology for industrial efficiency. Performance results will be addressed. The development and industrialization road-map of theses inertial products is described for the following five years. Gyro-compassing grade inertial sensors would be available during the next decade allowing low-cost, high-grade navigators using simultaneously GNSS receivers and inertial MEMS navigators.