gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Space Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Program. (1995)

This report describes te development and funding problems of the space nuclear thermal propulsion program (SNTP). The SNTP program was transferred to the air force, and almost immediately , they indicated that they would have to terminate the program because of a decreasing defense budget and other air force priorities. Congress continued to strongly support the program and $55 million was appropriated for fiscal year 1993, but the air force would not release any of the money to the program. By the summer of 1993, barely 18 months after the program was transferred to the air force, the SNTP team had essentially stopped all work and reduced to a skeleton staff to perform an orderly termination. Despite the significant accomplishments of the program and the endorsements it received from two DSBs, the 1994 Congressional Appropriations Committee had no alternative but to withhold further funding support since no cognizant agency (air force, NASA, or the DOE) was willing to take the lead and continue the technology for future space applications. Once again, the inability to forge cooperation between government agencies for a long-term goal doomed another nuclear technology program. The technology is currently being documented to the extent possible with existingmore » funds because it is clear that a compact lightweight PBR space power and/or propulsion system will be required to enable unmanned and eventually manned exploration of the solar system.« less
Opto-acoustic breast imaging with co-registered ultrasound (2014)

We present results from a recent study involving the Imagio<sup>TM</sup> breast imaging system, which produces fused real-time two-dimensional color-coded opto-acoustic (OA) images that are co-registered and temporally inter- leaved with real-time gray scale ultrasound using a specialized duplex handheld probe. The use of dual optical wavelengths provides functional blood map images of breast tissue and tumors displayed with high contrast based on total hemoglobin and oxygen saturation of the blood. This provides functional diagnostic information pertaining to tumor metabolism. OA also shows morphologic information about tumor neo-vascularity that is complementary to the morphological information obtained with conventional gray scale ultrasound. This fusion technology conveniently enables real-time analysis of the functional opto-acoustic features of lesions detected by readers familiar with anatomical gray scale ultrasound. We demonstrate co-registered opto-acoustic and ultrasonic images of malignant and benign tumors from a recent clinical study that provide new insight into the function of tumors in-vivo. Results from the Feasibility Study show preliminary evidence that the technology may have the capability to improve characterization of benign and malignant breast masses over conventional diagnostic breast ultrasound alone and to improve overall accuracy of breast mass diagnosis. In particular, OA improved speci city over that of conventional diagnostic ultrasound, which could potentially reduce the number of negative biopsies performed without missing cancers.
Conduction in silicon nitride and silicon nitride-oxide films (1970)

The room-temperature current-voltage characterstics of vapour-deposited silicon nitride films and silicon dioxide-nitride composite structures have been investigated. It is observed that conduction is bulk-limited and conforms to the Poole-Frenkel electronic transport mechanism. However, in the composite structures, the current-limiting mechanism appears to be due to nitride layers only.
Functional-Lesion Investigation of Developmental Stuttering With Positron Emission Tomography (1997)

The article by Ingham et al., "Functional-Lesion Investigation of Developmental Stuttering With Positron Emission Tomography," which appeared on pp. 1208–1227 of the December 1996 JSHR , contained an error. The text of Footnotes 1 and 2 were reversed: The text of Footnote 1 on p. 1210 should be the text of Footnote 2 on p. 1215, and the text of Footnote 2 should appear under Footnote 1. We apologize for the error.
Abstract LB-288: A phase I study of MPDL3280A, an engineered PD-L1 antibody in patients with locally advanced or metastatic tumors. (2013)

Abstract Background: Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the predominant ligand that binds Programmed Death-1 (PD-1), an inhibitory receptor expressed on T cells following T-cell activation. PD-L1 is highly expressed in many human tumors and elevated expression is often associated with a worse prognosis. PD-L1 exerts an immune suppressive signal through binding to PD-1 and B7.1, and tumor expression of PD-L1 can mediate tumor immune evasion. Therefore, inhibition of PD-L1 binding represents an attractive strategy to reinvigorate tumor-specific T-cell immunity. MPDL3280A is a human monoclonal antibody engineered to optimize efficacy and safety through a modification in the Fc region of the antibody. MPDL3280A targets PD-L1, inhibiting interaction with its receptors that include PD-1 and B7.1. In preclinical models, inhibition of PD-L1 can lead to durable antitumor activity. Methods: A phase I, multicenter, open-label study was conducted to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and antitumor activity of MPDL3280A administered intravenously every 3 weeks (q3w) in pts with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors. The study includes 3+3 dose-escalation cohorts with a 21-day window to evaluate dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Results: As of September 14, 2012, results from the dose escalation include 30 patients (pts) (median age 66 years, range 39-80 years), all PS 0-1, with a median of 2 (range 1-3) prior treatments, received a median of 5.5 doses (range 2-16) of MPDL3280A in 8 dose-escalation cohorts (0.01-20 mg/kg). No DLTs or [Grade (G) ≥4 adverse events (AEs) attributed to MPDL3280A] have been reported; related G3 AEs were limited to rash in 1 pt. Pneumonitis was not observed in any of the patients in the dose-escalation cohorts. MPDL3280A exposure increased with dose; furthermore, PK was linear at doses ≥1 mg/kg q3w and consistent with that expected for an IgG1 in humans. RECIST-based responses were observed in a variety of different tumor types with ongoing responses in all responding patients. Conclusions: MPDL3280A was well tolerated with an acceptable safety and efficacy profile in pts with a variety of advanced tumors. PK supports dosing intervals that include q2wk or q3wk administration. An expansion phase in numerous tumor types with biomarker assessments is ongoing. Citation Format: Michael S. Gordon, Omid Hamid, John Powderly, Maria Anderson, Gregg Fine, Ahmad Mokatrin, Marcin Kowanetz, Leabman Maya, Bryan A. Irving, Daniel S. Chen, F Stephen Hodi. A phase I study of MPDL3280A, an engineered PD-L1 antibody in patients with locally advanced or metastatic tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-288. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-288
Intracellular Nucleotides of (−)-2′,3′-Deoxy-3′-Thiacytidine in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of a Patient Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1998)

An analytical methodology was developed to quantitate the intracellular nucleotides including mono-, di-, and triphosphates and the diphosphocholine derivative of (-)-2', 3'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The procedure includes the resolution of 3TC nucleotides by solid-phase extraction (SPE) on an anion-exchange cartridge, with subsequent enzyme digestion of the resulting phosphates to the parent drug that is ultimately quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). Validation was performed with PBMCs from healthy donors exposed to [3H]3TC, leading to the formation of intracellular nucleotides that were quantitated by anion-exchange HPLC with radioactive detection (HPLC-RA). These nucleotide levels served as reference values and were used for cross-validation with data obtained by HPLC-UV. An excellent correlation was established between the results obtained by HPLC-RA and those obtained by HPLC-UV, with a slope of the regression lines close to unity and intercepts near nullity as well as a correlation coefficient close to unity for all 3TC phosphates. The assay was characterized by a limit of quantitation below 1 ng (amount on column) with a precision (percentage of coefficient of variation of repeated measurement) ranging from 0.8 to 18.1% and an accuracy (deviation of the amount determined by HPLC-UV from the nominal reference value) varying from -14.8 to 19.4%. This methodology was successfully applied to determine the quantity of 3TC nucleotides in PBMCs of a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus after oral administration of 3TC and stavudine.
94 GHz Voltage Controlled Oscillator With 5.8% Tuning Range in Bulk CMOS (2008)

A 94 GHz fundamental mode voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is demonstrated using low leakage transistors in a 65 nm digital CMOS process with six metal layers. It achieves a tuning range of 5.8% and phase noise of -106 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset from a 94.9 GHz carrier. The output power varies between -4 and -8 dBm over the tuning range. The VCO draws 6 mA bias current from a 1.5 V supply and 6 mA from a 0.8 V supply.
SIGNALING TO THE ACTIN CYTOSKELETON (1998)

The actin cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network composed of actin polymers and a large variety of associated proteins. The main functions of the actin cytoskeleton are to mediate cell motility and cell shape changes during the cell cycle and in response to extracellular stimuli, to organize the cytoplasm, and to generate mechanical forces within the cell. The reshaping and functions of the actin cytoskeleton are regulated by signaling pathways. Here we broadly review the actin cytoskeleton and the signaling pathways that regulate it. We place heavy emphasis on the yeast actin cytoskeleton.
Highly Efficient Electron Emission Diode of Single-Crystalline Chemical-Vapor-Deposition Diamond (1998)

A novel type of flat electron emission diode with a high emission efficiency has been fabricated using single crystalline diamond thin films homoepitaxially grown on thick high-pressure-synthesized diamond. For the formation of the buried electrode, 180-keV N + ions were implanted into the homoepitaxial layer grown by microwave plasma chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) method to a dose 1×10 16 ions/cm 2 at room temperature. Since this process created a significant damage in the specimen surface layer working as the electron emission surface, a high quality diamond layer was subsequently overgrown to recover the damaged surface. Applying voltages of sub-kV between the hydrogenated surface and the buried electrode results in an efficient electron emission (>10%).
Cigarette smoke extract attenuates endothelium-dependent arteriolar dilatation in vivo (1991)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cigarette smoke extract on endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent dilatation of arterioles in vivo. Using intravital microscopy, we measured diameter of arterioles contained within the microcirculation of the hamster cheek pouch during suffusion with acetylcholine and nitroglycerin, before and after treatment with cigarette smoke extract. Under control conditions, acetylcholine and nitroglycerin produced dose-related dilatation of cheek pouch arterioles. Superfusion of cigarette smoke extract (1.0%) did not alter baseline diameter of arterioles or vasodilatation in response to nitroglycerin but impaired dilatation of arterioles in response to acetylcholine. Next, we examined the possibility that impaired dilatation of cheek pouch arterioles in response to acetylcholine after exposure to cigarette smoke extract may be related to the release of substances produced via the cyclooxygenase pathway. In indomethacin-pretreated hamsters, acetylcholine produced similar vasodilatation before and after exposure to cigarette smoke extract. Thus these findings suggest that cigarette smoke extract impairs endothelium-dependent responses of cheek pouch arterioles. The mechanism of impaired responses of cheek pouch arterioles after exposure to cigarette smoke extract appears to be related to the release of substances produced via the cyclooxygenase pathway.
Generalized f‐k domain trace interpolation (1997)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997Generalized f‐k domain trace interpolationAuthors: N. GulunayR. ChambersN. GulunayWestern Geophysical and R. ChambersWestern Geophysicalhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885582 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885582FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByApplication of Matching Pursuit with Fourier 5D Interpolation Technology in MigrationZang Shengtao, Tian Yancan, and Zhang Tao Jin Baozhong11 December 2018Application of randomized sampling schemes to curvelet-based sparsity-promoting seismic data recovery30 July 2013 | Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 61, No. 5A Study on Reconstruction of De-Aliased Uneven Seismic Data31 May 2013 | Chinese Journal of Geophysics, Vol. 47, No. 2Dealiasing of seismic common midpoint gathers and constant offset sectionsVirgil Bardan3 January 2005 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1997 Pages: 2067 publication data© 1997 Copyright © 1997 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION N. Gulunay and R. Chambers, (1997), "Generalized f‐k domain trace interpolation," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1100-1103. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885582 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Campylobacter Infection in Man and Animals (2018)

This book reflects the different efforts made by veterinary and medical doctors for better knowledge of the disease. It shows how much we depends on each other to understand better the clinical features, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of Campylobacter infections and other diseases.
The transition from brittle faulting to cataclastic flow: Permeability evolution (1997)

Triaxial compression experiments were conducted to investigate influences of stress and failure mode on axial permeability of five sandstones with porosities ranging from 15% to 35%. In the cataclastic flow regime, permeability and porosity changes closely track one another. A drastic decrease in permeability was triggered by the onset of shear‐enhanced compaction caused by grain crushing and pore collapse. The compactive yield stress C * maps out a boundary in stress space separating two different types of permeability evolution. Before C * is attained, permeability and porosity both decrease with increasing effective mean stress, but they are independent of deviatoric stresses. However, with loading beyond C *, both permeability and porosity changes are strongly dependent on the deviatoric and effective mean stresses. In the brittle faulting regime, permeability and porosity changes are more complex. Before the onset of shear‐induced dilation C ', both permeability and porosity decrease with increasing effective mean stress. Beyond C ', permeability may actually decrease in a dilating rock prior to brittle failure. After the peak stress has been attained, the development of a relatively impermeable shear band causes an accelerated decrease of permeability. Permeability evolution in porous sandstones is compared with that in low‐porosity crystalline rocks. A conceptual model for the coupling of deformation and fluid transport is proposed in the form of a deformation‐permeability map.
Common dietary supplements for weight loss. (2004)

Over-the-counter dietary supplements to treat obesity appeal to many patients who desire a "magic bullet" for weight loss. Asking overweight patients about their use of weight-loss supplements and understanding the evidence for the efficacy, safety, and quality of these supplements are critical when counseling patients regarding weight loss. A schema for whether physicians should recommend, caution, or discourage use of a particular weight-loss supplement is presented in this article. More than 50 individual dietary supplements and more than 125 commercial combination products are available for weight loss. Currently, no weight-loss supplements meet criteria for recommended use. Although evidence of modest weight loss secondary to ephedra-caffeine ingestion exists, potentially serious adverse effects have led the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to ban the sale of these products. Chromium is a popular weight-loss supplement, but its efficacy and long-term safety are uncertain. Guar gum and chitosan appear to be ineffective; therefore, use of these products should be discouraged. Because of insufficient or conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid, ginseng, glucomannan, green tea, hydroxycitric acid, L-carnitine, psyllium, pyruvate, and St. John's wort in weight loss, physicians should caution patients about the use of these supplements and closely monitor those who choose to use these products.
Quality-aware Video Streaming over Wireless Mesh Networks with Optimal Dynamic Routing and Time Allocation (2006)

In this paper, a general quality model for scalable coded video streaming over wireless mesh networks is applied in the paper for determining the cross-layer transmission strategies over wireless multi-hop networks. Our proposed solution is enabled by the scalable coding of the video content (i. e. users can transmit and consume video at different quality layers). The adaptive cross-layer strategies - application layer packet scheduling, the policy for choosing a relay, the MAC retransmission strategies, the PHY modulation and coding schemes - are determined per packet, at each intermediate node of the network, in a distributed manner. Unlike the conventional end-to-end flow-based centralized approach, the main component of the proposed solution is a distributed dynamic routing algorithm, called self-learning policy which selects the routing relays and the corresponding time allocation for the various packets. We show that our proposed dynamic routing approach significantly outperforms the static optimization algorithm, since it provides the ability to alleviate the congestion in the changing network.
Detection of Corynebacterium kutscheri in animal tissues by DNA-DNA hybridization (1986)

Corynebacterium kutscheri, a pathogen of experimental rats and mice, is difficult to detect in the early stages of infection. A diagnostic assay was developed to reveal the organism in tissues of asymptomatic, infected animals. Three fragments of DNA specific to C. kutscheri were isolated, radiolabeled with 32P, and used in DNA-DNA hybridization assays with blots of impression smears of animal tissues on membrane filters. The C. kutscheri probes did not cross-hybridize with 15 DNA isolates from nonpathogenic corynebacteria. The method described is more rapid and more specific than conventional immunological and culture procedures used to detect C. kutscheri; the organism was detected in tissues of animals infected for only 1 week.
Translational repression in bacteriophage f1: characterization of the gene V protein target on the gene II mRNA. (1989)

Previous studies have shown that the single-stranded DNA binding protein of bacteriophage f1 (gene V protein) represses the translation of the mRNA of the phage-encoded replication protein (gene II protein). We have characterized phage mutations in the repressor and in its target. Using a gene II-lacZ translational fusion, we have defined a 16-nucleotide-long region in the gene II mRNA sequence that is required in vivo for repression by the gene V protein. We have shown that in vitro the binding affinity of the gene V protein is at least 10-fold higher to an RNA carrying this sequence than to an RNA lacking it. We propose that this sequence constitutes the gene II mRNA operator.
Growth of CdS smoke particles prepared by evaporation in inert gases (1976)

Cds particles, which were prepared in He, Ne, Ar, and Xe gases at pressures of 5–150 Torr, were studied by electron microscopy. Crystals with wurtzite structure grew in single hexagonal plates or prisms or in a more complicated form composed of three or more hexagonal prisms. The mean size of the particles was larger if they were prepared in a heavier gas, and increased almost linearly with gas pressure up to a saturation pressure which was lower for heavier gasses. The particle size distributions in the smokes and the temperature distributions in the chamber are presented for various atmospheres, and on these bases the growth of the particles is discussed.
Enhancement of Reaginic and Hemagglutinating Antibody Production by an Extract of Bordetella Pertussis Containing Histamine Sensitizing Factor (1976)

The effect of an extract containing the histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF) of Bordetella pertussis on the immune response of mice to ovalbumin was investigated with respect to dose of antigen and adjuvant. Of particular interest was the enhancement of reaginic antibody production. In comparison to the Al(OH)3 induced production of reaginic antibody where low doses of antigen and adjuvant yield high titers of reagin, the HSF extract demonstrated optimal adjuvant activity at high doses of both adjuvant and antigen. The reaginic antibody response was maximal usually by 2 to 3 weeks post-immunization and persisted for long periods of time. The hemagglutinating antibody response was maximal at 8 to 10 weeks post-immunization. The initial treatment of mice with HSF extract plus antigen resulted in the production of memory cells since a subsequent immunization with ovalbumin alone evoked a secondary reaginic response. These observations may have implications in clinical allergy since substances similar to the pertussis factor might be produced by other microbial organisms and these substances could modulate the immunologic response of individuals to common allergens.
High Methanol Oxidation Activity of Well-Dispersed Pt Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes Using Nitrogen Doping (2009)

Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with the average size of 3.14 nm well dispersed on N-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) without any pretreatment have been demonstrated. Structural properties show the characteristic N bonding within CNTs, which provide the good support for uniform distribution of Pt NPs. In electrochemical characteristics, N-doped CNTs covered with Pt NPs show superior current density due to the fact that the so-called N incorporation could give rise to the formation of preferential sites within CNTs accompanied by the low interfacial energy for immobilizing Pt NPs. Therefore, the substantially enhanced methanol oxidation activity performed by N-incorporation technique is highly promising in energy-generation applications.
A Solid-Phase Synthesis of N,N‘-Disubstituted Ureas and Perhydroimidazo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyrazines via the Curtius Rearrangement (2000)

An efficient method for trapping isocyanates, generated from the Curtius rearrangement, with resin-bound amines is reported. A commercially available carboxylic acid is treated with diphenylphosphoryl azide, followed by thermal rearrangement, cooling, and trapping in one pot. Cleavage from the resin gives an N, N'-disubstituted urea in excellent purity, as demonstrated with several heterocyclic and aliphatic carboxylic acids. Further utility is shown by preparing several novel perhydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazines.