gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards a high-capacity digital cellular mobile radio system (1985)

A futuristic mobile communication system is proposed, based on the integration of a high-capacity digital cellular mobile radio system with a packet-switched routing network. Every communication terminal, e. g. a telephone, viewphone or computer, is connected to the fixed part of the local area network (LAN) by short-distance radiocommunication. These terminals are deemed to be ‘mobiles’, irrespective of whether they are in motion. The propagation frequencies advocated are mainly those in the absorption band A1 (51.4–66 GHz). Oxygen absorption of radiated energy in this band is 14 dB/km, and this characteristic is utilised to formulated microcellular structures that are tailored to suit specific geographical locations. The small size of the microcells ensures that the radiated power levels are low and that the date capacity per area is high, and, as a consequence, vast numbers of users can be accommodated. Although the microcells are shaped to the environment, the transceivers are standardised. All signals are digitised prior to radio transmission, and the fixed part of the LAN must be able to accommodate the huge mobile data rate, as must the main trunk network. Thus we suggest and optical-fibre LAN and packetised routing network to overlay the existing networks. Also considered briefly are noncommunication services, such as automatic vehicular location, integration of the communication network with an adaptive traffic control system, route guidance and the mobile office. The treatment is qualitative.
Comparison Between a New, Two-component Compression System With Zinc Paste Bandages for Leg Ulcer Healing: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial Monitoring Sub-bandage Pressures. (2011)

C2L proved to be effective in treating venous ulcers due to its stiffness and pressure. Its effectiveness was similar to UB, which is often considered the gold-standard compression device for venous ulcers. This fact, in combination with high tolerability and ease of application and removal, make this new bandage particularly suitable for the treatment of venous leg ulcers. ﻿.
Hydraulic Fracturing with the Single-Point Entry Technique (1960)

Introduction Hydraulic fracturing is now in its second decade as one of the most useful techniques developed for well stimulation. As fracturing became an established practice in the oil industry, the necessary experience was gained from which advancements in fracturing technology could be made. Today, some wells are treated with fluid volumes exceeding 100,000 gal and at rates approaching 100 bbl/min Fracturing fluids are compounded for the particular formation to be fractured. Treatments are now designed with a certain degree of accuracy for a given formation area to be exposed to the fracture. These and other advances in fracturing technology have been well-received by the industry and used to advantage. Even with these improvements, however, conventional fracturing has failed to effectively stimulate wells completed in some formations. A number of the failures can be attributed to inadequate capacity of the fractures. Formation Capacity-Fracture Capacity Formation capacity may be defined as the product of the permeability (horizontal) of the formation times the thickness of the productive zone. Likewise, the fracture capacity is the product of the permeability of the fracture times its width. For best results in well stimulation, the fracture capacity should be at least 10 times the formation capacity. Conventional fracturing usually results in fractures having capacities of a few hundred to a few thousand millidarcy-feet. Fractures with capacities in this range are usually adequate for stimulation in zones of low permeability and/or small thickness. For example, a zone of 40 ft in thickness with a permeability of 5 md has a capacity of 200 md-ft, and a well completed in this zone should be stimulated effectively with a fracture of 2,000 md-ft capacity. This capacity fracture can often be obtained by conventional fracturing, provided the fracture is propped effectively.
Generating Trajectories from Mobile Phone Data (2010)

The paper reports on a method which generates time-space trajectories of travelers by analyzing data from the mobile phone network. The method utilizes mainly the data from location-area-updates, which are recorded from any mobile phone in the standby-mode and thus does not require phone calls or handset equipment. The main idea of the method is to derive location-area-sequences for single trips from the mobile phone data and to compare these with location-area-sequences, which are based on routes through the road and rail network. The method generates a vast number of trajectories on highways and can be used for several applications in the field of transportation planning.
Guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention and management of implantable cardiac electronic device infection. Report of a joint Working Party project on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC, host organization), British Heart Rhythm Society (BHRS), British Cardiovascular Society (BCS), British Heart Valve Society (BHVS) and British Society for Echocardiography (BSE) (2014)

Infections related to implantable cardiac electronic devices (ICEDs), including pacemakers, implantable cardiac defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices, are increasing in incidence in the USA and are likely to increase in the UK, because more devices are being implanted. These devices have both intravascular and extravascular components and infection can involve the generator, device leads and native cardiac structures or various combinations. ICED infections can be life-threatening, particularly when associated with endocardial infection, and all-cause mortality of up to 35% has been reported. Like infective endocarditis, ICED infections can be difficult to diagnose and manage. This guideline aims to (i) improve the quality of care provided to patients with ICEDs, (ii) provide an educational resource for all relevant healthcare professionals, (iii) encourage a multidisciplinary approach to ICED infection management, (iv) promote a standardized approach to the diagnosis, management, surveillance and prevention of ICED infection through pragmatic evidence-rated recommendations, and (v) advise on future research projects/audit. The guideline is intended to assist in the clinical care of patients with suspected or confirmed ICED infection in the UK, to inform local infection prevention and treatment policies and guidelines and to be used in the development of educational and training material by the relevant professional societies. The questions covered by the guideline are presented at the beginning of each section.
A Comparison Of The AC Breakdown Strength Of New And Used Poly-/spl alpha/ Olefin Coolant (2007)

The breakdown performance of an advanced synthetic dielectric coolant, poly-alpha olefin, is compared to conventional transformer oil over a range of temperatures from 10 to 50degC. The poly-alpha olefin oil is first benchmarked against conventional transformer oil, and then compared to poly-alpha olefin oil that has been exposed to a large number of high-energy discharges in order to establish the effects of oil age on performance. The results obtained from the standard ANSI D877 test procedure are compared to the results of a modified test procedure that incorporates sparging of the oil with dry nitrogen. Tests to determine the effects of nitrogen sparging on the water concentration of the poly-alpha olefin are analyzed. Concerns regarding the dependence of voltage breakdown values on oil viscosity are also discussed.
Untranslated Parts of Genes Interpreted: Making Heads or Tails of High‐Throughput Transcriptomic Data via Computational Methods (2017)

In this review we highlight the importance of defining the untranslated parts of transcripts, and present a number of computational approaches for the discovery and quantification of alternative transcription start and poly-adenylation events in high-throughput transcriptomic data. The fate of eukaryotic transcripts is closely linked to their untranslated regions, which are determined by the position at which transcription starts and ends at a genomic locus. Although the extent of alternative transcription starts and alternative poly-adenylation sites has been revealed by sequencing methods focused on the ends of transcripts, the application of these methods is not yet widely adopted by the community. We suggest that computational methods applied to standard high-throughput technologies are a useful, albeit less accurate, alternative to the expertise-demanding 5' and 3' sequencing and they are the only option for analysing legacy transcriptomic data. We review these methods here, focusing on technical challenges and arguing for the need to include better normalization of the data and more appropriate statistical models of the expected variation in the signal.
A variable number of tandem repeats locus within the human complement C2 gene is associated with a retroposon derived from a human endogenous retrovirus. (1992)

We have previously described multiallelic restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the C2 gene, suggesting the presence of a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) locus. We report here the cloning and sequencing of the polymorphic fragments from the two most common alleles of the gene, a and b. The results confirm the presence of a VNTR locus consisting of a nucleotide sequence, 41 bp in average length, repeated tandemly 23 and 17 times in alleles a and b, respectively. The difference in the number of repeats between the two alleles is due to the deletion/insertion of two noncontiguous segments, 143 and 118 bp long, of allele a, and of a 40-bp segment of allele b. The VNTR region is associated with a SINE (short interspersed sequence)-type retroposon, SINE-R.C2, located within the third intron of the C2 gene. SINE-R.C2 is a member of a previously described large retroposon family of the human genome, apparently derived from the human endogenous retrovirus, (HERV) K10, which is homologous to the mouse mammary tumor virus.
A Universal Process Control Interface (1981)

The Interface Configuration Adapter (ICA) implements most process I/O interfaces through four independently configured ports. Each port is configured under software control to interface ac, dc, or digital signals. An ICA based interface board can replace a multiplicity of signal-oriented interface boards. The ICA is inherently testable.
Optical isolators for telecommunications: Review and current trends (1992)

Abstract We review the design of the state‐of‐the‐art of optical isolators intended for use in fiber optics communication systems. Special emphasis is given to the protection of narrow‐line, frequency stabilized lasers and of optical amplifiers. Finally, perspectives of future developments of OI's are discussed.
Artificial neural networks and gene filtering distinguish between global gene expression profiles of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer. (2002)

cDNAmicroarrays, combined with bioinformatics analyses, are becomingincreasingly used in current medical research. Existing analytic methods,particularly those that are unsupervised, often have difficulty recognizing subtle differences among predefined subgroups. In contrast, supervised methods, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), are able to recognize subtly different biological entities. We applied ANNs in a proof-of-principle study of cDNA microarray data in esophageal cancer (CA) and premalignancy. cDNA microarrays, each containing 8064 clones, were hybridized to RNAs from 22 esophageal lesions, including 14 Barrett's esophagus (BA) metaplasias and 8 esophageal carcinomas (3 squamous cell carcinomas and 5 adenocarcinomas). Scanned cDNA microarray data were analyzed using the bioinformatics software Cluster/TreeView, Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM), and ANNs. Cluster analysis based on all 8064 clones on the microarrays was unable to correctly distinguish BA specimens from CA specimens. SAM then selected 160 differentially expressed genes between Barrett's and cancer. Cluster analysis based on this reduced set still misclassified 2 Barrett's as cancers. The ANN was trained on 12 samples and tested against the remaining 10 samples. Using the 160 selected genes, the ANN correctly diagnosed all 10 samples in the test set. Finally, the 160 genes selected by SAM may merit further study as biomarkers of neoplastic progression in the esophagus, as well as in elucidating pathological mechanisms underlying BA and CA.
Targeting The Dimerization Of ERBB Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (2009)

The epidermal growth factor receptor: EGFR) is a membrane receptor tyrosine kinase whose over-activation has been implicated to cause many human cancers. Novel strategies to inhibit the activation of EGF receptors other than the conventional antibody-based and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are virtually non-existent but could provide benefits both in the laboratory and clinical settings. In an effort to expand the current approaches, this thesis focused on targeting the homodimerization of the EGF receptors themselves and the heterodimerization of EGF receptors with the related ErbB2 receptor. Three sub-projects were completed in the process. The first project explored the feasibility of inhibiting the EGF receptor by targeting receptor dimerization with small molecules. Two lead compounds were initially predicted by virtual screening the NCI compound library, and were biochemically characterized. The benefit gained from the application of virtual screening in this project initiated another project to enhance the accessibility of virtual screening within the non-computational community. The OpenScreening project utilizes distributed computing resources and provides open-access screening server at: http://omg.phy.umassd.edu/xvhts. A final project identified the structural mechanism that may explain the observed preference of EGFR-ErbB2 heterodimerization over EGFR homodimerization. Key residues were computationally predicted and biochemically tested to reveal critical dimerization interface.
Strong Coupling between Molecular Excited States and Surface Plasmon Modes of a Slit Array in a Thin Metal Film (2012)

We demonstrate strong coupling between molecular excited states and surface plasmon modes of a slit array in a thin metal film. The coupling manifests itself as an anticrossing behavior of the two newly formed polaritons. As the coupling strength grows, a new mode emerges, which is attributed to long-range molecular interactions mediated by the plasmonic field. The new, molecular-like mode repels the polariton states, and leads to an opening of energy gaps both below and above the asymptotic free molecule energy.
Predicting peptides that bind to MHC molecules using supervised learning of hidden markov models (1998)

The binding of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule to a peptide originating in an antigen is essential to recognizing antigens in immune systems, and it has proved to be important to use computers to predict the peptides that will bind to an MHC molecule. The purpose of this paper is twofold: First, we propose to apply supervised learning of hidden Markov models (HMMs) to this problem, which can surpass existing methods for the problem of predicting MHC-binding peptides. Second, we generate peptides that have high probabilities to bind to a certain MHC molecule, based on our proposed method using peptides binding to MHC molecules as a set of training data. From our experiments, in a type of cross-validation test, the discrimination accuracy of our supervised learning method is usually approximately 2-15% better than those of other methods, including backpropagation neural networks, which have been regarded as the most effective approach to this problem. Furthermore, using an HMM trained for HLA-A2, we present new peptide sequences that are provided with high binding probabilities by the HMM and that are thus expected to bind to HLA-A2 proteins. Peptide sequences not shown in this paper but with rather high binding probabilities can be obtained from the author.
Complete amino acid sequence of human plasma beta 2-glycoprotein I. (1984)

We have determined the complete amino acid sequence of beta 2-glycoprotein I (Mr, congruent to 50,000), a human plasma protein that is associated with lipids and binds to platelets but whose function is not yet known. The protein consists of 326 amino acids and has five attached glucosamine-containing oligosaccharides. The protein is rich in cysteine and proline, and the sequence is notable for the frequent occurrence of Cys-Pro linkages at regular intervals. Computerized analysis of the sequence reveals five consecutive homologous segments in which cysteine, proline, and tryptophan appear to be highly conserved. This suggests that beta 2-glycoprotein I may have evolved by repeated duplications of a gene coding for a 60-amino acid segment of protein.
Photooxidation of milk and milk products: A review (1975)

Milk and other lipid containing products are susceptible to oxidative deterioration. Light from either natural or artificial sources catalyzes certain chemical reactions, resulting in the development of off‐flavors and the breakdown of pigments and vitamins. This review deals with the subject of light induced deterioration of foods and its various ramifications. Reaction pathways of light energy in model or natural systems are outlined. Mechanisms are presented, and the roles of lipids, proteins, and vitamins during photochemical reactions are discussed. Damaging effects of light on nutritional and organoleptic quality of milk and several fats or fat containing products are discussed and explained. Ways and means of preventing the occurrence of oxidation defects are covered involving the use of suitable containers and light barrier properties of packaging materials.
Synthesen mit α‐metallierten Isocyaniden, XL. (1‐Aminocyclopropyl)methanole aus α‐metallierten Cyclopropylisocyaniden und Carbonylverbindungen; Synthese 2‐substituierter Cyclobutanone (1978)

Abstract Aus den 1‐Lithiocyclopropylisocyaniden 2 erhielt man mit den Carbonylverbindungen 3 die 2‐Oxazolin‐4‐spirocyclopropane 4 , die sauer oder alkalisch zu den (1‐Aminocyclopropyl)methanolen 5 oder N ‐[1‐(Hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]formamiden 6 hydrolysierbar sind. Die Verbindungen 5 und 6 sind in die Cyclobutanone 9 umwandelbar.
Two-catheter approach for ablation of accessory pathways in different locations. (2000)

Radiofrequency ablation is the treatment of choice for patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and symptomatic tachyarrhythmias. The technique involves localising the pathway with multiple catheters at various sites followed by radiofrequency energy application at that site. Single catheter approach has been described for ablation of manifest left-sided accessory pathways. In this article, we report the ablation of accessory pathways in different locations in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome by using a two-catheter approach. Twenty-three consecutive patients with symptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome were taken up for radiofrequency ablation with this approach. Pathways could be successfully ablated in 11 out of 13 patients with left free wall, 5 out of 7 with right posteroseptal, one patient of left posteroseptal and each of the 2 patients of right mid septal locations giving an overall success in 19/23 (82.6%) patients. Hence, two-catheter approach can be used safely to ablate accessory pathways in different locations with high success rate, thus minimising the procedure time associated with conventional approach.
Lung Cancer Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis Does Not Shorten Life Expectancy (2005)

RA has no influence on LC stage and does not shorten the survival of LC patients.
Neuroprotective effects of <scp>PPAR</scp>‐γ agonist rosiglitazone in N171‐82Q mouse model of Huntington's disease (2013)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating genetic neurodegenerative disease caused by CAG trinucleotide expansion in the exon-1 region of the huntingtin gene. Currently, no cure is available. It is becoming increasingly apparent that mutant Huntingtin (HTT) impairs metabolic homeostasis and causes transcriptional dysregulation. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a transcriptional factor that plays a key role in regulating genes involved in energy metabolism; recent studies demonstrated that PPAR-γ activation prevented mitochondrial depolarization in cells expressing mutant HTT and attenuated neurodegeneration in various models of neurodegenerative diseases. PPAR-γ-coactivator 1α (PGC-1 α) transcription activity is also impaired by mutant HTT. We now report that the PPAR-γ agonist, rosiglitazone (RSG), significantly attenuated mutant HTT-induced toxicity in striatal cells and that the protective effect of RSG is mediated by activation of PPAR-γ. Moreover, chronic administration of RSG (10 mg/kg/day, i.p) significantly improved motor function and attenuated hyperglycemia in N171-82Q HD mice. RSG administration rescued brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) deficiency in the cerebral cortex, and prevented loss of orexin-A-immunopositive neurons in the hypothalamus of N171-82Q HD mice. RSG also prevented PGC-1α reduction and increased Sirt6 protein levels in HD mouse brain. Our results suggest that modifying the PPAR-γ pathway plays a beneficial role in rescuing motor function as well as glucose metabolic abnormalities in HD.
Framework for Distributed Engine Control System for Sampled-data Systems with Uncertain Time-varying Sampling Intervals and Delays with State Estimations (2015)

Aircraft Propulsion Systems, in particular, the gas turbine engines have been traditionally designed with centralized control architecture. Recently, Distributed Architectures for Engine Control have been proposed which offer significant benefits over the centralized architecture in terms of reliability, modularity, adaptability and overall improved engine performance. Thus Distributed Engine Control and Simulation (DECS) has emerged as an important milestone in the future of aircraft turbine engine control, diagnostics, and health management strategies. However, to make these a reality, significant new challenges have to be met and thus considerable new research needs to be carried out in the above areas. This is due to the fact that the localization of the electronic control components in the distributed communication network changes the dynamic nature of the system. The communication signal in this localized network could suffer from transmission delays and occasional loss of data packets. In essence, the resulting overall system can be considered to be a discrete controller that relays commands to the local actuators at set intervals based on the incoming sampled data from the sensors. The underlying physical engine retains its continuous dynamics and the physics of the engine model does not vary. The coupling between the discrete controller, delay in transmission and uncertainties in engine dynamics lead to an uncertain sampled system with time delays. Thus analyzing and synthesizing control, diagnostics and health management strategies under the new paradigm of uncertain, sampled data, time delay systems becomes a challenging task. This paper is a contribution in this direction. With this backdrop, this paper presents an overview of the current collaborative research being carried out by the team of researchers from the Ohio State University and Tennessee State University with technical monitoring and support by the Air Force Research Laboratory. Specifically, new research results in state estimator design, distributed control design, and simulation are presented.