gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Deconvolution of the Bivariate Distribution of Molecular Weight and Chemical Composition of Polyolefins Made with Ziegler‐Natta Catalysts (2008)

Polyolefins made with Ziegler-Natta catalysts have non-uniform distributions of molecular weight (MWD) and chemical composition (CCD). The MWD is usually measured by high-temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and the CCD by either temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) or crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF). A mathematical model is needed to quantify the information provided by these analytical techniques and to relate it to the presence of multiple site types on Ziegler-Natta catalysts. We developed a robust computer algorithm to deconvolute the MWD and CCD of polyolefins simultaneously using Flory's most probable distribution and the cumulative CCD component of Stockmayer's distribution, which includes the soluble fraction commonly present in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) resins and have applied this procedure for the first time to several industrial LLDPE resins. The deconvolution results are reproducible and consistent with theoretical expectations.
Highly flexible pseudocapacitor based on freestanding heterogeneous MnO2/conductive polymer nanowire arrays (2012)

Flexible electronics such as wearable electronic clothing, paper-like electronic devices, and flexible biomedical diagnostic devices are expected to be commercialized in the near future. Flexible energy storage will be needed to power these devices. Supercapacitor devices based on freestanding nanowire arrays are promising high power sources for these flexible electronics. Electrodes for these supercapacitor devices consisting of heterogeneous coaxial nanowires of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-shell and MnO(2)-core materials have been shown in a half cell system to have improved capacitance and rate capabilities when compared to their pure nanomaterials; however, their performance in a full cell system has not been fully investigated. Herein, these coaxial nanowires are tested in both a symmetric and an asymmetric (utilizing a PEDOT nanowire anode) full cell configuration in the aspect of charge storage, charge rate, and flexibility without using any carbon additives and polymer binders. It is found that the asymmetric cell outperforms the symmetric cell in terms of energy density, rate capability, and cycle ability. The asymmetric device's electrode materials display an energy density of 9.8 Wh/kg even at a high power density of 850 W kg(-1). This device is highly flexible and shows fast charging and discharging while still maintaining 86% of its energy density even under a highly flexed state. The total device is shown to have a total capacitance of 0.26 F at a maximum voltage of 1.7 V, which is capable of providing enough energy to power small portable devices.
<i>In Vitro</i>–<i>In Vivo</i> Translation of Lipid Nanoparticles for Hepatocellular siRNA Delivery (2012)

A significant challenge in the development of clinically viable siRNA delivery systems is a lack of in vitro-in vivo translatability: many delivery vehicles that are initially promising in cell culture do not retain efficacy in animals. Despite its importance, little information exists on the predictive nature of in vitro methodologies, most likely due to the cost and time associated with generating in vitro-in vivo data sets. Recently, high-throughput techniques have been developed that have allowed the examination of hundreds of lipid nanoparticle formulations for transfection efficiency in multiple experimental systems. The large resulting data set has allowed the development of correlations between in vitro and characterization data and in vivo efficacy for hepatocellular delivery vehicles. Consistency of formulation technique and the type of cell used for in vitro experiments was found to significantly affect correlations, with primary hepatocytes and HeLa cells yielding the most predictive data. Interestingly, in vitro data acquired using HeLa cells were more predictive of in vivo performance than mouse hepatoma Hepa1-6 cells. Of the characterization parameters, only siRNA entrapment efficiency was partially predictive of in vivo silencing potential, while zeta-potential and, surprisingly, nanoparticle size (when <300 nm) as measured by dynamic light scattering were not. These data provide guiding principles in the development of clinically viable siRNA delivery materials and have the potential to reduce experimental costs while improving the translation of materials into animals.
Some constituents of <i>Austrobaileya scandens</i> (Austrobaileyaceae) : structures of seven new lignans (1975)

The aerial parts of Austrobaileya scandens C. T. White (Austrobaileyaceae) yielded the known substances β-sitosterol, its D- glucoside, the sesquiterpene, spathulenol, and the lignan, deoxypicropodophyllin. In addition, seven new lignans, austrobailignans-1 to -7, were isolated and their structures, including absolute stereochemistry, elucidated. Two are aryltetralin lactones, two are aryltetralins, two are bis-arylpropanes, and the last is a tetrahydrofuran derivative. A triterpene acid mixture, to be investigated further, was also obtained.
Unprecedented synthesis of a novel amino quinone ring system via oxidative decarboxylation of quinone-based α,α-amino esters (2009)

An unusual and efficient method for the synthesis of new quinone-based amine and its derivatives from the corresponding alpha,alpha-amino ester is described. The procedure involves the quinone-based system's oxidative decarboxylation via hydride transfer throughout basic hydrolysis. This synthetic method provides, with good yields, rapid access to new potentially cytotoxic quinones.
Formal derivation of concurrent programs: an example from industry (1993)

The formal derivation of an implementation of the I/O (input/output) subsystem portion of an existing operating system is presented. The I/O subsystem is responsible for allocating I/O resources such as tapes, disks, I/O channels in response to requests from user processes. The derivation employs the UNITY methodology which captures the concurrent interaction of the I/O subsystem with its environment. The verified resource allocation algorithm that results from the derivation has been used as part of a high-level design by software engineers implementing the I/O subsystem. As the largest application to date of the UNITY methodology, the derivation illustrates a number of techniques for organizing large specifications and proofs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Controlled Sequential Shape Changing Components by 3D Printing of Shape Memory Polymer Multimaterials (2015)

In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of using 3D printing technique to create functional graded shape memory polymers (SMPs) with both spontaneous and sequential shape recovery abilities. The created SMP components, with properly assigned spatial variation of the thermodynamical property distribution, react rapidly to a thermal stimulus, and return to a specified configuration in a precisely controlled shape changing sequence. The use of the 3D printing technique enables a manufacturing routine with merits of easy implementation, large design freedom, and high printing resolution, which promises to advance immediate engineering applications for low-cost, rapid, and mass production.
Type‐B monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthases are involved in phosphate starvation‐induced lipid remodeling, and are crucial for low‐phosphate adaptation (2008)

Mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG, respectively) constitute the bulk of membrane lipids in plant chloroplasts. Mutant analyses in Arabidopsis have shown that these galactolipids are essential for chloroplast biogenesis and photoautotrophic growth. Moreover, these non-phosphorous lipids are proposed to participate in low-phosphate (Pi) adaptations. Under Pi-limited conditions, a drastic accumulation of DGDG occurs concomitantly with a large reduction in membrane phospholipids, suggesting that plants substitute DGDG for phospholipids during Pi starvation. Previously, we reported that among the three MGDG synthase genes (MGD1, MGD2 and MGD3), the type-B MGD2 and MGD3 are upregulated in parallel with DGDG synthase genes during Pi starvation. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of T-DNA insertional mutants of Arabidopsis type-B MGD genes. Under Pi-starved conditions, the mgd3-1 mutant showed a drastic reduction in DGDG accumulation, particularly in the root, indicating that MGD3 is the main isoform responsible for DGDG biosynthesis in Pi-starved roots. Moreover, in the roots of mgd2 mgd3 plants, Pi stress-induced accumulation of DGDG was almost fully abolished, showing that type-B MGD enzymes are essential for membrane lipid remodeling in Pi-starved roots. Reductions in fresh weight, root growth and photosynthetic performance were also observed in these mutants under Pi-starved conditions. These results demonstrate that Pi stress-induced membrane lipid remodeling is important in plant growth during Pi starvation. The widespread distribution of type-B MGD genes in land plants suggests that membrane lipid remodeling mediated by type-B MGD enzymes is a potent adaptation to Pi deficiency for land plants.
Combination of CA125 and RECAF biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer (2011)

Ovarian cancer can be cured in up to 90% of cases if diagnosed early. CA125, the most studied ovarian cancer biomarker, exhibits poor sensitivity for detecting early disease stages and low specificity to malignancy. RECAF, the alpha-fetoprotein receptor, is a wide-spectrum oncofetal antigen with clinical potential for cancer diagnosis, screening, and monitoring. This study evaluated the performance of RECAF as a diagnostic tool and the sensitivity of a combination of RECAF and CA125 to detect early stages of ovarian cancer at a cutoff resulting in 100% specificity among healthy women. This retrospective case-control study was designed to measure the serum levels of RECAF and CA125 in normal individuals (n=106) and cancer patients stages I/II (RECAF, n=32; CA125, n=35) and III/IV (RECAF, n=49; CA125, n=51). A competitive chemiluminescence assay was developed to measure the circulating RECAF. To eliminate any false positives, we classified as positive any patient with a RECAF or a CA125 value higher than their respective 100% specificity cutoff. We have shown that RECAF discriminated cancer and healthy donors better than CA125, particularly in the early stages (AUC(RECAF)=0.96 and AUC(CA125)=0.805). CA125 sensitivity was lower in the early stages than in the advance stages; RECAF sensitivity was high at all stages. A combination of CA125 and RECAF detected three out of four early-stage patients, with no false positives. In conclusion, the combination of RECAF and CA125 serum values provides the specificity and the sensitivity necessary to screen for ovarian cancer and in particular, to detect early stages of the disease.
Antinociceptive Effects of the Kappa-Opioid Receptor Agonist RP 60180 Compared With Pentazocine in an Experimental Human Pain Model (1997)

Agonists at kappa-opioid receptors may preserve the analgesic properties of mu-opioidergic agonists while avoiding their major adverse effects. The present study was aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effects of the new kappa-opioid receptor agonist RP 60180. An experimental pain model was used based on specific pain stimuli and event-related potentials. Effects of RP 60180 were compared to placebo and to pentazocine that served as positive control. Twenty healthy male volunteers participated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, five-way cross-over study. Single peroral doses of RP 60180 (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg), pentazocine (50 mg), and placebo were administered. Pain was induced by means of short pulses of gaseous CO2 applied to the nasal mucosa. In response to these stimuli, chemo-somatosensory event-related potentials (CSSERP) and pain ratings were recorded. Maximum antinociceptive effects were observed 2 h after the administration of 1.0 mg of RP 60180 and 50 mg of pentazocine. This was shortly after RP 60180 had reached the maximum plasma concentration and when highest plasma concentrations of pentazocine were measured. Both RP 60180 and pentazocine reduced pain-related CSSERP amplitudes by approximately 40% at this time. Pentazocine tended to produce more side effects. These results indicate the potential therapeutic value of kappa-agonist analgesics.
Structural study of hemoglobin Hazebrouck, β38(C4)Thr → Pro (1984)

A new beta-variant has been detected and structurally defined in a French male, with a life-long history of hemolytic anemia. This variant is moderately unstable and has a low oxygen affinity. The abnormal hemoglobin was not detected by standard electrophoretic procedures. It moved slightly slower than Hb A during isoelectric focusing (IEF). Two minor fractions were also seen; the first migrated just cathodal to Hb F, as did partially oxidized Hb A or hemichrome derivatives of some unstable hemoglobins; the second in the position of free alpha-chains. The abnormal beta-chain was readily separated from both beta A- and alpha A-chains by acid-urea-Triton globin chain electrophoresis. Structural study was conducted simultaneously by fingerprinting and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of tryptic peptides. A new mutation beta 38(C4)Thr----Pro was found, which was named Hb Hazebrouck.
Infrared signal transmission by a laser-micromachined, vibration-induced power generator (2002)

Presents the development of a vibration-induced power generator with total volume of /spl sim/1cm/sup 3/ that uses laser-micromachined springs to convert mechanical energy into useful electrical power. The goal of this project is to create a minimally sized electric power generator capable of producing enough voltage to drive low-power ICs and/or micro sensors for applications where mechanical vibrations are present. Thus far, we have developed a generator capable of producing 2V DC with 64Hz to 120Hz input frequency at /spl sim/250/spl mu/m vibration amplitude. We have also demonstrated that this generator has enough power to drive an IR transmitter to send 140ms pulse trains with /spl sim/60sec power generation time.
Feedforward and feedback control of a solution copolymerization reactor (1989)

Abstract A control system is designed for a copolymerization reactor using a combination of feedforward, ratio, and feedback control to regulate polymer production rate, copolymer composition, molecular weight, and reactor temperature. The solution copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate in a continuous stirred tank reactor is used as an illustrative example with the kinetic parameters and reactor operating conditions obtained from the literature. The process includes equipment to recycle unreacted monomers and solvent. The recycle stream introduces disturbances to the reactor feed, which perturb the polymer properties. A feedforward control strategy is proposed to counter these disturbances, and its effectiveness is demonstrated using the model. The mathematical model is used to investigate input/output control pairings in order to identify the fundamental nature of the solution copolymerization control problem and to determine the best control system structure. The combined feedforward/feedback strategy is tested on a nonlinear model of the process for set point changes and compensation of unmeasured reactor disturbances. The performance of the control system design was quite good, and such designs have been found successful in plant operations.
Improved synthesis of tetrathiafulvalene (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved synthesis of tetrathiafulvaleneL. Russell Melby, Harris D. Hartzler, and William A. SheppardCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 16, 2456–2458Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00930a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00930a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1485Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A scalable and tiling multi-monitor aware window manager (2011)

The design of a prototypical scalable and tiling multi-monitor aware window manager is described that may overcome some of the layout management problems encountered with tiling window managers. The system also features a novel approach to monitor configuration in which monitors are treated as independent movable viewports to the large virtual desktop. This approach is expected to address a number of distal access and monitor configuration problems. In particular, it will enable many uses of multiple monitors that require dynamic or flexible monitor configurations.
Approximate bitcoin mining (2016)

Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency today. A bedrock of the Bitcoin framework is mining, a computation intensive process that is used to verify Bitcoin transactions for profit. We observe that mining is inherently error tolerant due to its embarrassingly parallel and probabilistic nature. We exploit this inherent tolerance to inaccuracy by proposing approximate mining circuits that trade off reliability with area and delay. These circuits can then be operated at Better Than Worst-Case (BTWC) to enable further gains. Our results show that approximation has the potential to increase mining profits by 30%.
Performance evaluation and comparison of different modulation schemes for UWB multiaccess systems (2004)

Ultra wideband system performance is analyzed in terms of error probability for different modulation and multi-access schemes over the AWGN channel. The analysis leads to closed-form expressions of the bit error probability under the hypothesis of chip-synchronous systems, allowing a comparison of different techniques in a possible scenario for UWB applications. The use of convolutional codes to improve the performance of time hopping systems is also addressed.
Über die Chemie des Vitamins E. 8. Mitteilung [1]. Die Stereochemie von natürlichem γ‐Tocotrienol (Plastochromanol‐3), Plastochromanol‐8 und Plastochromanol‐8 (1967)

Abstract The stereochemistry of γ‐tocotrienol (plastochromanol‐3) from latex of Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree), plastochromanol‐8 from leaves of Hevea brasiliensis , and plastochromenol‐8 from tobacco is reported.
Solid state n.m.r. of biopolymers (1981)

Abstract Some aspects of high-resolution 13C n.m .r. of solid biopolymers are described. Spectra of amino acids, peptides, proteins and DNA are shown. Differences between solution spectra and solid state spectra of a molecule include multiple lines due to multiple crystal forms, splittings of substituted rings and asymmetric splittings of carbons bonded to nitrogen. The inability of magic angle sample spinning to remove 13C -14N dipolar couplings is a consequence of the 14N quadrupole moment’s altering the angular dependence of the interactions. Solid state n.m .r. of filamentous viruses is given as an example of new biological applications of this type of spectroscopy.
Enhancement of drug-induced apoptosis by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeted against Mdm2 and p21WAF1/CIP1. (2000)

The p53 tumor suppressor gene plays an important role in DNA damage-induced apoptosis and, in general, inactivation of p53 contributes to poor response to chemotherapy. Apoptotic activity of p53 may be negatively modulated by expression of its downstream mediators, including Mdm2 and p21WAF1/CIP1. Consequently, these cellular pathways also represent potential targets for cancer therapy. This study investigated the effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), targeted against Mdm2 and p21WAF1/CIP1 on drug-mediated cell killing. Exposure of U2-OS osteosarcoma cells to DNA damaging agents, cisplatin or mitomycin C, caused upregulated expression of Mdm2 and p21WAF1/CIP1. Transient transfection of cells with antisense ODNs to Mdm2 mRNA inhibited Mdm2 protein expression and markedly enhanced apoptotic cell death induced by these drugs. Moreover, when p21WAF1/CIP1 expression was blocked by antisense transfection, drug-mediated cell killing was further accelerated. These results suggest that the enhanced expression of Mdm2 and p21WAF1/CIP1 may inhibit p53-mediated apoptosis and render cells resistant to the effects of DNA damaging agents. Consequently, antisense ODNs targeted against Mdm2 and p21WAF1/CIP1 could be employed in a potential therapeutic strategy sensitizing tumor cells to certain antineoplastic agents.
New strategies for doping control (2008)

Doping in sports is commonplace. The prevention of harm to the athlete, the guarantee of fair play, and a level playing field for all competitors are the basis of the current anti-doping strategies. As healthcare systems are forced to allocate increasing resources to prevent and treat the prevailing pathologies worldwide, funding for anti-doping campaigns will necessarily be restricted. Ideally, additional resources should be devoted to increasing the number of athletes tested, the panels of tests used, and the frequency of out-of-competition controls. Since doping prevention cannot be considered a priority for most healthcare systems, such an approach is unaffordable and an alternative framework should be devised, focused primarily on harm reduction rather than fair play. The identification of abnormal deviations from reference values, regardless of pathological or artificial causes, would allow the athlete to be followed and tested using conventional laboratory tests, which are affordable to governments and healthcare systems and available to clinical laboratories. Although this strategy would not detect cheating, it would safeguard athletes' health.
Contactless Liquid Level Sensing using Wave Damping Phenomena in Free-Space (2007)

This paper presents a unique approach for contactless liquid level measurement via the free-space electromagnetic damping phenomenon. By measuring the attenuation and phase shift of a wave reflected from the liquid surface, the liquid level in the tank can be determined. This research project has been undertaken because of a rising demand in the automotive industry for low-cost contactless level detection of fluids in the engine compartment.