gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A lower limb exoskeleton research platform to investigate human-robot interaction (2015)

Designing the underlying mechanical structure of lower limb exoskeletons for assistance and rehabilitation is a demanding task that requires a good understanding of the interaction that takes place between the exoskeleton and the human user wearing it. Often the effects of a given mechanical design on the user are not straightforward or intuitive. One obstacle for research is that existing rehabilitation systems do not offer the flexibility that is necessary to investigate different designs and ideas. In this paper we present a passive experimental lower limb exoskeleton that is specifically built to evaluate exoskeleton design-elements and different characteristics. These are namely a joint misalignment compensation mechanism, a three DOF hip joint design, the lack of mechanical transparency as well as the placement of the interfacing cuffs. The motivation and mechanical design of the system is presented along with the results of pilot trials to validate the system as a suitable experimental platform for our investigations.
An unobtrusive Android person verification using accelerometer based gait (2012)

Mobile devices are ubiquitous enough to be considered as a valid token for proof of claim to identity. Unfortunately, the small size of mobile devices also means that it is prone to being misplaced and stolen. Gait biometric on accelerometer equipped mobile devices can add another layer of security in the event of theft, as it would refute a fraudulent claim to identity. As an extra bonus, gait data can be collected without the knowledge of the person handling the mobile device. In this paper, we describe how mobile devices can be used unobtrusively for the purpose of person verification. Person verification is achieved by classification of accelerometer based gait data recorded by said mobile device. Use cases for this approach is presented in a framework; supported by proof of concept experimental results.
Estimation accuracy of a reduced lead system during simulated ischemia (2011)

In this study we investigate the influence of ischemic events on the estimation accuracy of a reduced lead system based on leads I, II, V2 and V5. The estimation accuracy of this lead system has been assessed for generalized and patient specific lead derivation. Assessments have been performed on a piecewise homogenous torso model that has been used to simulated ischemic events of different size and location. The patient specific lead derivation approach achieved root mean squared error (RMSE) values of 4.7μV, 24.4μV, 4.4μV and 2.6μV for derived leads V1, V3, V4 and V6 when no ischemia was simulated. It was found that RMSE values for patient specific derived leads increased when ischemia was simulated. Median RMSE values calculated for each lead and across all simulated ischemic events were found to be 40.0μV, 126.7μV, 38.2μV and 35.1μV for derived leads V1, V3, V4 and V6. These values are comparable to the median RMSE values 52.7μV, 141.7μV, 46.9μV and 20.3μV for derived leads V1, V3, V4 and V6 that were found when generalized lead derivation was performed for all ischemic events.
Localisation and modulation of prostanoid receptors EP1 and EP4 in the rat chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain (2006)

Abstract Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of prostaglandin E 2 receptors EP1 and EP4 in sciatic nerves from the rat chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. At 21 days post‐surgery the CCI rats had developed mechanical hyperalgesia on the operated side, and quantitative image analysis showed a highly significant doubling of the area occupied by EP1‐ and EP4‐positive pixels in sections from CCI nerves when compared to sham‐operated controls. Co‐localisation studies with the marker ED1 revealed that 73% of the EP1‐positive cells and 54% of the EP4‐positive cells in the injured nerves represented infiltrating macrophages. Cells negative for ED1 and positive for either EP1 or EP4 were characterised as Schwann cells from their morphology and expression of myelin basic protein and S100 antigens. Similar EP1‐ and EP4‐positive Schwann cell profiles were observed in sections of uninjured control nerves. Low levels of EP receptor expression were found in neurofilament‐immunostained axons, but no consistent differences were observed in the levels of axonal EP staining between CCI and control tissue. These data provide further evidence of the importance of prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain, and suggest that not only infiltrating macrophages but also Schwann cells may be involved in the modulation of these mediators in response to nerve injury.
Water influx into cerebrospinal fluid is significantly reduced in senile plaque bearing transgenic mice, supporting beta-amyloid clearance hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2014)

Recent studies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis emphasize the importance of water influx into the peri-capillary (Virchow-Robin) space through aquaporin 4 (AQP-4). This water flow is believed to have the functionality equivalent to the systemic lymphatic system and plays a critical role in beta-amyloid clearance. Using a newly developed molecular imaging technique capable of tracing water molecules, in vivo, water influx into the CSF was quantitatively analyzed in senile plaque (SP) bearing transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice. The results unequivocally demonstrated that water influx into CSF is significantly impaired in SP-bearing transgenic mice, the degree of which being virtually identical to that previously observed in AQP-4 knockout mice. The study strongly indicates that disturbance in AQP-4-based water flow and, hence, impairment in beta-amyloid clearance play a significant role in SP formation.
Adaptive Rejection Sampling for Gibbs Sampling (1992)

We propose a method for rejection sampling from any univariate log‐concave probability density function. The method is adaptive: As sampling proceeds, the rejection envelope and the squeezing function converge to the density function. The rejection envelope and squeezing function are piece‐wise exponential functions, the rejection envelope touching the density at previously sampled points, and the squeezing function forming arcs between those points of contact. The technique is intended for situations where evaluation of the density is computationally expensive, in particular for applications of Gibbs sampling to Bayesian models with non‐conjugacy. We apply the technique to a Gibbs sampling analysis of monoclonal antibody reactivity.
A Proposed Mechanism and Synthesis Of 3-Mercapto-4-oxopentyl Acetate (2004)

3-Mercapto-4oxoqentyl acetate was synthesized from α-acetyl-γ-butanolide by chlorization 、cleavage of ring 、decarboxylation、esterification and nucleophilic subtituent of sodium sulfhydride ,the purity reaches 97%,the overall yield is 75%。The compound is an important intermediate in synthesizing Vitamin B_ 1。Its synthetic mechanism was proposed in the essay.
Metal complexes derived from substituted hydrazones of 2,6-diacetylpyridine (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal complexes derived from substituted hydrazones of 2,6-diacetylpyridineJohn D. Curry, Martin Alvin Robinson, and Daryle H. BuschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6, 8, 1570–1574Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50054a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50054a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views616Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modulation of muscle phosphofructokinase at physiological concentration of enzyme. (1985)

Two approaches have been used to study the allosteric modulation of phosphofructokinase at physiological concentration of enzyme; a "slow motion" approach based on the use of a very low Mg2+/ATP ratio to conveniently lower Vmax, and the addition of polyethylene glycol as a "crowding" agent to favor aggregation of diluted enzyme. At 0.6 mg/ml muscle phosphofructokinase exhibited a drastic decrease in the ATP inhibition and the concomitant increase in the apparent affinity for fructose-6-P, as compared to a 100-fold diluted enzyme. Similar results were obtained with diluted enzyme in the presence of 10% polyethylene glycol (Mr = 6000). Results with these two approaches in vitro were essentially similar to those previously observed in situ (Aragón, J. J., Felíu, F. E., Frenkel, R., and Sols, A. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77, 6324-6328), indicating that the enzyme is strongly dependent on homologous interactions at physiological concentrations. With polyethylene glycol it was observed that within the physiological range of concentration of substrates and the other positive effectors, fructose-2,6-P2 still activates the liver phosphofructokinase although it no longer significantly affects the muscle isozyme. In the presence of polyethylene glycol, muscle phosphofructokinase can approach its maximal rate even in the presence of physiologically high concentrations of ATP. Three minor activities of muscle phosphofructokinase have been studied at high enzyme concentration: the hydrolysis of MgATP (ATPase) and fructose-1,6-P2 (FBPase), produced in the absence of the other substrate, and the reverse reaction from MgADP and fructose-1,6-P2. The kinetic study of these activities has allowed a new insight into the mechanisms involved in the modulation of phosphofructokinase activity. The binding of (Mg)ATP at its regulatory site reduces the ability of the enzyme to cleave the bond of the terminal phosphate of MgATP at the substrate site. The positive effectors (Pi, cAMP, NH+4, fructose-1,6-P2, and fructose-2,6-P2) decrease the inhibitory effect of MgATP. Citrate and fructose-2,6-P2 both act as mechanistically "secondary" effectors in the sense that citrate does not inhibit and fructose-2,6-P2 does not activate the FBPase activity, requiring both the presence of ATP to affect the enzyme activity. In conclusion it appears that the regulatory behavior of mammalian phosphofructokinases is utterly dependent on the fact of their high concentrations in vivo.
Local Interference Coordination in Cellular OFDMA Networks (2007)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is a promising concept, which is the basis of the currently emerging 802.16e (WiMax) and 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular systems. OFDMA is basically a combination of FDM and TDM, and therefore suffers from heavy inter-cell interference if neighboring basestations use the same frequency range. However, it is desirable to reuse the complete available frequency spectrum in every cell in order to maximize the resource utilization. One approach to solve this conflict is the application of beamforming antennas in combination with interference coordination mechanisms between basestations. Starting from a global interference coordination scheme with full system knowledge, we investigate how spatially limited interference coordination affects the system performance. Subsequently, we study several realizable interference coordination schemes and show that a locally implementable scheme can almost match the performance of the global scheme with respect to the sector throughput.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROUP A AND GROUP C MENINGOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDES AND SERUM OPSONINS IN MAN (1970)

The interaction in vitro between human granulocytes and meningococci in the presence of sera from volunteers immunized by Gotschlich et al. with purified group A and group C meningococcal polysaccharides was studied. Phagocytosis of meningococci did not occur in the presence of preimmunization sera. In all volunteers tested, group-specific opsonins were detected in groups A and C polysaccharide antisera. Opsonic activity appeared within 1 wk after immunization and persisted for at least 14 months. Titers of opsonic activity ranged from 1:20 to 1:320; highest titers were noted in 2-4 wk antisera. Meningococcal opsonins were detected in both 19S and 7S immunoglobulins. Opsonic activity in low-titer antisera depended on heat-labile factors present in both normal and immune sera, whereas phagocytosis was observed in the presence of heat-inactivated high-titer antisera. Phagocytosis of group A meningococci in the presence of certain group A polysaccharide antisera was inhibited by N-acetyl mannosamine, but not by mannose, mannosamine, N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine, or N-acetyl neuraminic acid. Absorption studies with sera from patients with natural meningococcal infections revealed that these polysaccharides are the major antiphagocytic determinants for group A and group C meningococci. These studies are consistent with previous reports suggesting that immunization with group A and group C polysaccharides may well provide group-specific protection against meningococcal infections.
Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by natural suppressor cells present in murine bone marrow. (1990)

Natural suppressor (NS) cells, which are Thy-1-, immunoglobulin-, and nonadherent cells with relatively low density (1.063 to 1.075 g/ml), inhibit not only the proliferation of spleen cells which have been stimulated by allogeneic cells or mitogens but also the proliferation of tumor cell lines. Cell-to-cell contact is not necessary for NS cells to exert NS activity. Being radioresistant, DNA synthesis is not necessary for NS cells to suppress proliferation. However, protein synthesis is necessary, since puromycin blocks NS cell activity. In addition, NS cells were found to secrete a factor which inhibits DNA synthesis. Of the various cytokines tested, interleukin 3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhance NS activity. These results suggest that NS cells play an important role in the suppression of not only immune responses but also tumor growth.
Immunoglobulin M Efficacy Against <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> : Mechanism, Dose Dependence, and Prozone-Like Effects in Passive Protection Experiments (2001)

The IgM mAbs 12A1 and 13F1 are protective and nonprotective, respectively, against lethal Cryptococcus neoformans infection in mice. To better understand the variables that contribute to IgM efficacy against C. neoformans, we studied the effects of inoculum size, route of infection, and Ab dose for each of these mAbs. mAb 13F1 did not prolong survival under any condition studied. mAb 12A1 prolonged survival after the administration of certain Ab doses after i.p. infection with defined inocula and promoted phagocytosis, agglutination, and the formation of inflammatory cell rings around yeast cells in vivo. Large Ab doses of mAb 12A1 resulted in either no protection or enhanced infection, consistent with a prozone-like effect. Investigation of this phenomenon revealed that the fungal cell was protected against microbicidal nitrogen-derived oxidants when large amounts of Ab were bound to the C. neoformans capsule. mAb 12A1 was opsonic in vitro for peritoneal, but not splenic or alveolar macrophages. In summary, our results indicate that IgM efficacy against C. neoformans is a function of the route of infection, inoculum, and Ab dose and is associated with its ability to promote opsonization, agglutination, and phagocytic ring formation in vivo. The occurrence of the prozone-like phenomenon implies that high Ab titers are not necessarily beneficial in assuring protection against certain pathogens and that caution should be exercised in using high Ab titer as a measure for vaccine efficacy.
Aerosolization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for an Inhalation Study (2008)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are being produced in increasing quantities because of high interest in applications resulting from their unique properties. Because of potential respiratory exposures during production and handling, inhalation studies are needed to determine potential toxicity. A generation system was designed to produce respirable aerosol at 5 mg/m(3) for a 1-wk animal (mouse) exposure. The starting material used in these experiments was as-produced powder from the high pressure carbon monoxide method that was sieved to number 6 mesh (< 2.3 mm). An acoustic feeder system was developed that handled the SWCNT powder without causing compaction of the material. The feed rate was adjustable, allowing output concentrations as high as 25 mg/m(3). The powder particles were reduced in size using a mill that produced high shear forces, tearing the agglomerates apart. The resulting aerosol was size-separated using a settling chamber and two cyclones to produce a respirable aerosol. The mass output efficiency of the entire system for producing a respirable aerosol from bulk material was estimated to be about 10%.
Open Source Real Time Operating Systems Overview (2001)

Modern control systems applications are often built on top of a real time operating system (RTOS) which provides the necessary hardware abstraction as well as scheduling, networking and other services. Several open source RTOS solutions are publicly available, which is very attractive, both from an economic (no licensing fees) as well as from a technical (control over the source code) point of view. This contribution gives an overview of the RTLinux and RTEMS systems (architecture, development environment, API etc.). Both systems feature most popular CPUs, several APIs (including Posix), networking, portability and optional commercial support. Some performance figures are presented, focusing on interrupt latency and context switching delay.
Interisotope Determination of Ultracold Rubidium Interactions from Three High-Precision Experiments (2002)

Combining the measured binding energies of four of the most weakly bound rovibrational levels of the 87Rb2 molecule with results of two other recent high-precision experiments, we obtain exceptionally strong constraints on the atomic interaction parameters in a highly model independent analysis. The comparison of (85)Rb and (87)Rb data, where the two isotopes are related by a mass scaling procedure, plays a crucial role. We predict scattering lengths, clock shifts, and Feshbach resonances with an unprecedented level of accuracy. Two of the Feshbach resonances occur at easily accessible magnetic fields in mixed-spin channels. One is related to a d-wave shape resonance.
Growth of High-Quality LiNbO3 Crystals from the Congruent Melt (1970)

The use of LiNbO3 crystals in nonlinear optical experiments has been limited by the lack of long, high-quality crystals. We have shown that crystals grown from a congruent composition melt are significantly less susceptible to birefringence variations which in the past have limited the useful phase-matchable lengths of LiNbO3 crystals. Both a birefringence test which directly measures the spatial birefringence of the crystal and a second harmonic generation test were used to evaluate crystals grown from melts of various compositions. Crystals with less than 10−5 variation in birefringence over a length of 4 cm have been obtained repeatably when grown from congruent melts.
Millimeter-wave plastic waveguide phased array antenna (2010)

This paper presents millimeter-wave waveguide-type phased array antennas using low-loss engineering plastics not only to reduce cost but also to obtain high performances with complex configurations. That is a Cyclo-Olefin Polymer (COP) waveguide horn array antenna which is fabricated by injection molding process.
Spectrophotometric and kinetics investigation of the Berthelot reaction for the determination of ammonia (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric and kinetics investigation of the Berthelot reaction for the determination of ammoniaCharles J. Patton and S. R. CrouchCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 3, 464–469Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50011a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50011a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2750Altmetric-Citations484LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EC Erdolchemie and BP ether technology - more scope for octane boost (1986)

The recent lead phasedown programme in the USA has fueled rapid growth in demand for economically attractive alternatives to boost gasoline pool octane number. One such alternative is now being offered by BP through a complete family of commercially proven and cost effective processes developed by EC Erdolchemie and BP. The key to these processes is the production of high octane methyl ethers from the reaction of olefinic feedstocks and methanol. Application of one or a combination of the processes discussed in this paper provides the refiner with a wide variety of benefits: Chemically combines methanol into the gasoline pool; Increase in RON and MON of gasoline pool; Reduction in vapour pressure of gasoline pool; reduction in olefinicity of the gasoline pool; Increase in volume of high octane blendstock; Improvement in associated alkylation unit operation and product quality; Novel bifunctional catalyst to maximize olefin conversion and selectively reduce diolefinic compounds; Novel resin based absorption/desorption system for methanol recovery. U.S. refiners need only to go to one source to choose the ether technology that best meets their specific requirements.