gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional properties of protein extracted from flaked, defatted, whole corn by ethanol/alkali during sequential extraction processing (1994)

Abstract Functional properties (solubility, foaming capacity and stability, emulsifying capacity, emulsion stability, heat coagulability, heat gelation and film formation) of protein extracted by 45% ethanol/55% 0.1 M NaOH from flaked, defatted, undergermed corn during the Sequential Extraction Process (SEP) were evaluated and compared with those of a laboratory‐prepared soy protein concentrate. SEP is a new approach to corn fractionation that recycles the ethanol produced from the fermentation of cornstarch to unstream steps of protein extraction and the simultaneous extraction of corn oil and dehydration of the ethanol. Freeze‐dried corn protein extracts contained at least 80% crude protein (dry basis), which is indicative of protein concentrates. SEP protein concentrates had solubilities in water of greater than 80% at pH values of 7 or above and were significantly more soluble than the soy protein concentrate at pH above 3. SEP corn proteins also showed better heat stabilities and greater emulsifying capacities and emulsion stabilities. Dilute dispersions (0.1%) of corn protein produced substantial but less stable foams. Corn proteins produced films similar to zein and soy protein films but were unable to form heat‐induced gels. These results indicate that SEP produces a protein concentrate with functional properties suitable for food and industrial uses.
The evolution of workflow standards (1999)

Evolving standards enable workflow management systems to automate and coordinate work done by independently developed applications across enterprises and over the Internet. Modern workflow can interact with such technology as OOP, business object models, APIs, XML, and HTTP. The paper discusses the standards for workflow management produced by the Workflow Management Coalition.
Analytical study of tensegrity lattices for mass-efficient mechanical energy absorption (2019)

This article studies tensegrity structures known as “D-bar” systems for applications as lightweight components for mechanical energy absorption. Aerospace structures such as planetary landers, designed to absorb energy from large impact loads while requiring minimal mass, would benefit from such components. Previous studies showed that D-bar systems support compressive loads with minimal mass compared with continuum options such as single columns. In this work, analytical equations for the mechanical (elastic) energy stored in D-bar systems of any complexity (a quantity proportional to the number of strings/bars in the system) are derived for the first time. The energy stored in D-bar systems is compared with that of bent buckled beams used in “flexible-bar tensegrity” concepts, which were proposed in the literature as energy absorption components for planetary landers. Comparisons are made between D-bar systems and bent buckled beams as isolated components subjected to a compressive load and as components of planetary landers. In all comparisons, the results show that D-bar systems of low complexity allow for higher energy storage and lower mass than bent buckled beams. Thus, it is concluded that D-bar systems can enhance the design of planetary landers and other applications that need lightweight mechanical energy absorption components.
Myocardial protection from ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeted deletion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (2002)

These results suggest that MMP-9 plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial infarction and MMP-9 could be a target for prevention or treatment of acute ischemic myocardial injury.
Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in the upper Midwest United States. A new species emerging? (1994)

We believe that all 12 patients have been infected with a granulocytic Ehrlichia species, reflecting a recently described new disease entity. The infective organism appears to be closely related to E phagocytophila and E equi. The geographic domain of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is currently unknown. This novel granulocytic Ehrlichia species is capable of causing fatal infections in humans. Early detection and treatment with tetracycline drugs appear to offer the best chance for complete recovery.
Presence of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens in the digestive tract of dogs and cats, and its contribution to butyrate production. (2001)

Numbers of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, a major butyrate-producing bacterium in the rumen, in feces of dogs and cats were estimated by competitive PCR. The type IIb of B. fibrisolvens, which produces much more lactate than butyrate, was detected at the levels (cells per g of feces dry weight) of 2.4x10(3)-9.0x10(5) for dogs and 1.7x10(4-)-6.2x10(5) for cats. However, the type I that produces much more butyrate than the type IIb was not detected in cat or dog feces (less than 6.0x10(4) cells per g of feces dry weight). Butyrate production by B. fibrisolvens type IIb in feces was estimated to be at most 30% of the butyrate production by mixed fecal microbes, which suggested that more butyrate is produced by microbes other than B. fibrisolvens in the intestines. Addition of B. fibrisolvens ATCC19171 (type I) to a culture of mixed fecal microbes increased butyrate production, and OB156 (type IIb) increased lactate production. When both the types were added, both the products were increased. Thus, introduction of both the types of B. fibrisolvens as a probiotic may increase butyrate and lactate production in the large intestine, which is possibly beneficial for the maintenance or improvement of the health of dogs and cats.
DC gas-discharge display panels with internal memory (1973)

A gas discharge panel is described which uses thin-film nichrome spirals on the inside of the viewing window to give a resistance in series with each cell. The panel has internal memory and the cells can be operated with direct currents resulting in high cell luminance (∼3000 cd/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , ∼900 fL). Characteristics are described that are important for matrix operation and a form of panel address is proposed that avoids the necessity of providing priming electrons in each cell.
Expression and modulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in human embryonic CNS stem cells (1999)

The expression and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in neuroectodermal precursor cells is undocumented. We report the presence of MMP-2, but no MMP-9, and of all the four known TIMPs in neuroepithelial stem cells isolated from the human CNS. The expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 was unchanged following stem cells differentiation into neurons and glia. In contrast, while MMP-2 and TIMP-4 were localized to both stem and mature CNS cells, their levels of expression were substantially reduced in the latter. TIMP-4 showed a 23-fold reduction in media conditioned by differentiated cells compared with stem cell-conditioned media, reflecting a 6-fold decrease in mRNA expression. Interestingly, TIMP-4 also differed from the other TIMPs in that it was cell-associated in the stem cells, where this fraction remained unchanged upon differentiation. Hence, regulation of selective MMPs and TIMPs occurs during differentiation of human neural precursors suggesting that MMP-2 and TIMP-4 in particular may perform regulatory roles in the developing CNS.
Ultraviolet Electroluminescent Diode Utilizing Poly(methylphenylsilane) (1995)

Electroluminescent (EL) diode utilizing poly(methylphenylsilane) (PMPS) has been fabricated and its optical and electroluminescent characteristics have been investigated. We have succeeded in demonstrating ultraviolet emission at 353 nm from the PMPS EL diode for the first time.
Nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium in 11 expressed resistance candidate genes in Lolium perenne (2007)

Substantial LD decay was found within a distance of 500 bp for most resistance candidate genes in this study. Hence, LD based association analysis is feasible and promising for QTL fine mapping of resistance traits in ryegrass.
Improved Perfusion MR Imaging Assessment of Intracerebral Tumor Blood Volume and Antiangiogenic Therapy Efficacy in a Rat Model with Ferumoxytol (2011)

With GBCA, tumor rCBV can be underestimated without preload and becomes dose dependent with preload correction. Conversely, ferumoxytol provides consistent assessment of tumor rCBV and antiangiogenic therapy efficacy.
Go-back-N system with limited retransmissions (2003)

A version of the go-back-N protocol, the most popular error-control systems used in data communication systems, is considered. The packets are repeatedly retransmitted at predetermined limited times and are treated as a noise or distortion. The z-transform of the transmission delay and its mean are derived. The distortion factor is defined as the rate of acceptance of erroneous packets. The technique of multiple-copy transmission of a packet is also considered to improve the delay performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Toxicity and Deterrency of Sesquiterpene Lactones and Chromenes to the Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1983)

Journal Article Toxicity and Deterrency of Sesquiterpene Lactones and Chromenes to the Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Get access Charles S. Wisdom, Charles S. Wisdom 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92717 2Present address: Laboratory of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, 900 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John T. Smiley, John T. Smiley Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92717 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eloy Rodriguez Eloy Rodriguez Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92717 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 October 1983, Pages 993–998, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/76.5.993 Published: 01 October 1983 Article history Received: 06 December 1982 Accepted: 20 May 1983 Published: 01 October 1983
Expanding Coverage of the Metabolome for Global Metabolite Profiling (2011)

Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics is the comprehensive study of naturally occurring small molecules collectively known as the metabolome. Given the vast structural diversity and chemical properties of endogenous metabolites, biological extraction and chromatography methods bias the number, property, and concentration of metabolites detected by mass spectrometry and creates a challenge for global untargeted studies. In this work, we used Escherichia coli bacterial cells to explore the influence of solvent polarity, temperature, and pH in extracting polar and nonpolar metabolites simultaneously. In addition, we explored chromatographic conditions involving different stationary and mobile phases that optimize the separation and ionization of endogenous metabolite extracts as well as a mixture of synthetic standards. Our results reveal that hot polar solvents are the most efficient in extracting both hydrophilic and hydrophobic metabolites simultaneously. In addition, ammonium fluoride in the mobile phase substantially improved ionization efficiency in negative electrospray ionization mode by an average increase in signal intensity of 5.7 and over a 2-fold increase in the total number of features detected. The improvement in sensitivity with ammonium fluoride resulted in 3.5 times as many metabolite hits in databases compared to ammonium acetate or formic acid enriched mobile phases and allowed for the identification of unique metabolites involved in fundamental cellular pathways.
Array Grammar Systems (2000)

The idea of co-operating agents has been incorporated in the theory of formal languages by introducing co-operating distributed grammar systems, where the different grammar components of the system do their work according to given start and stop conditions. As a natural extension of the concept of co-operation in grammar systems introduced for the string case, we consider co-operating distributed array grammar systems, where a component sequentially performs a fixed number, a number greater than a given threshold, or the maximal number of derivation steps when it is enabled. Moreover, we also give an overview on the generative power of array grammar systems with prescribed teams, where the array productions in a team are applied in parallel according to one of the derivation strategies listed before.
Nucleoplasmic bridges are a sensitive measure of chromosome rearrangement in the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (2003)

We have performed experiments using the WIL2-NS human B lymphoblastoid cell line and primary human lymphocytes to: (i). determine the importance of including measurements of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) in the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay; (ii). provide evidence that NPB originate from dicentric chromosomes and centric ring chromosomes. In addition, we describe theoretical models that explain how dicentric chromosomes and centric ring chromosomes may result in the formation of NPB at anaphase. The results with WIL2-NS showed that it was possible to distinguish genotoxic effects induced by different oxidizing agents in terms of the NPB/micronucleus frequency ratio. The results with lymphocytes indicated a strong correlation: (i). between NPB, centric ring chromosomes and dicentric chromosomes in metaphases (r > 0.93, P < 0.0001); (ii). between micronuclei (MNi), acentric chromosome fragments and acentric ring chromosomes (r > 0.93, P < 0.0001). The dose-response curves with gamma-rays were very similar for NPB, ring chromosomes and dicentric chromosomes, as were the dose-response curves for MNi, acentric rings and fragments. However, not all acentric chromosomes and dicentric chromosomes/centric rings were converted to MNi and NPB respectively, depending on the dose of radiation. Preliminary data, using FISH, suggest that NPB often represent DNA from a structural rearrangement involving only one or two homologous chromosomes. The results from this study validate the inclusion of NPB in the CBMN assay which provides a valuable measure of chromosome breakage/rearrangement that was otherwise not available in the micronucleus assay. The CBMN assay allows NPB measurement to be achieved reliably because inhibition of cytokinesis prevents the loss of NPB that would otherwise occur if cells were allowed to divide.
Trivalent acid radical-centered YLi<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>(Y = PO<sub>4</sub>, AsO<sub>4</sub>, VO<sub>4</sub>) cations: new polynuclear species designed to enrich the superalkali family (2014)

A new series of polynuclear superalkali cations YLi4(+) (Y = PO4, AsO4, VO4) has been characterized using ab initio methods. The central Y(3-) (PO4(3-), AsO4(3-), VO4(3-)) acid radicals preserve their structural and electronic integrity in the first several lowest-lying isomers of YLi4(+). Meanwhile, the introduction of Li(+) cations can also dissociate an O(2-) ion from the Y(3-) groups. Besides, the AsO4(3-) group is discerned to be separated into AsO2(-) and O2(2-) fragments other than AsO3(-) and O(2-) units. This is why the AsO4Li4(+) cation has been found to possess more diverse structures. The vertical electron affinities (EAvert) of the YLi4(+) cations range from 2.44 to 4.67 eV, which are low enough to validate the superalkali or pseudoalkali identity of the title species. It is also noteworthy that the YLi4(+) conformer with Td symmetry allows a more even distribution of the excess positive charge, and consequently exhibits the lowest EAvert value of ca. 2.45 eV.
Theory of surface morphology of wurtzite GaN (0001) surfaces (1997)

The influence of growth conditions and surface polarity upon the morphology of (0001) GaN surfaces is studied from first principles. The charge transfer between the Ga and N atoms in GaN and the very large electronegativity of nitrogen are found to play decisive roles in determining the stable reconstructions. Further, hydrogen stabilizes the ideally cleaved surface irrespective of polarity. For both polarities, adsorption of 3/4 of a monolayer of hydrogen results in a very stable surface with a 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2 symmetry.
The growing family of myosin motors and their role in neurons and sensory cells (1997)

Biochemical and physiological evidence has suggested that myosins, both conventional and unconventional, are critical for neurosensory activities. In the past few years, this premise has been supported by genetic evidence that has shown that unconventional myosins are essential for the proper functioning of neurons, retina and the sensory cells of the inner ear.
Cell Type-Specific Expression and Coregulation of Murine Resistin and Resistin-Like Molecule-α in Adipose Tissue (2002)

Adipocytes are the exclusive or predominant source of several secreted proteins that exert profound effects on systemic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Resistin, a 10-kDa adipose tissue specific secretory protein, has recently been implicated in exerting a negative effect on systemic insulin sensitivity. It is, however, not known how resistin mediates this insulin-desensitizing effect or what regulatory mechanisms control resistin expression. Resistin-like molecule-alpha (RELMalpha), a homolog of resistin originally identified by its upregulation in asthmatic lung, is another secreted protein expressed in adipose tissue. The regulation of RELMalpha in adipose tissue and its relationship to resistin expression has not been addressed so far. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of resistin and RELMalpha are similarly regulated in adipose tissue despite the fact that RELMalpha is exclusively expressed in the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue and not in adipocytes. Interestingly, this coregulation is limited to adipose tissue as the expression of RELMalpha in lung is independent of metabolic regulation. Additionally, we show that resistin and RELMalpha levels are not subject to regulation by proinflammatory stimuli. Finally, acute hyperglycemia leads to up-regulation of resistin and RELMalpha transcription in various adipose depots.
A Dynamic Model for Liquefied Natural Gas Evaporation During Marine Transportation (2008)

Marine transport of natural gas, predominately in the form of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), is of growing importance in the global energy markets. LNG is transported with vessels having cryogenic tanks without any means of external refrigeration. Hence, a significant fraction of the cargo LNG volume evaporates during voyage, which is usually called Boil-Off Gas (BOG). According to the type of the energy system, BOG can be utilized as fuel, reliquefied or burned in an oxidizer. The handling of the boil-off gas during the LNG vessel operation and the assessment of its thermodynamic properties are key issues in the technical and economic assessment of the complete marine energy systems of LNG vessels. A detailed dynamic boil-off model has been developed, which accounts for the variation of BOG mass flow, composition and thermodynamic properties during voyage. The model employs coupled non-linear vapor &amp;ndash; liquid phase equilibrium thermodynamic equations and differential conservation equations describing the evolution of LNG quantity and composition with time. Various solution and time discretization schemes have been tested to assess the solution accuracy and stability. The model has been used to investigate the variation of the LNG and BOG quantity, composition and thermodynamic properties during typical voyage profiles of a case study LNG vessel. Variations of the thermodynamic properties and of the quantity of BOG in the range of 6 to 10% during voyage have been found, having a significant impact in operation modes and fuel consumption of the energy system. Results have been also compared with the traditional approaches used in the marine technical practice.
Enhancing the Efficacy of Drug-loaded Nanocarriers against Brain Tumors by Targeted Radiation Therapy (2013)

// Brian C. Baumann 1 , Gary D. Kao 1 , Abdullah Mahmud 2 , Takamasa Harada 2 , Joe Swift 2 , Christina Chapman 1 , Xiangsheng Xu 1 , Dennis E. Discher 2 , Jay F. Dorsey 1 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 2 NanoBio-Polymers Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA Correspondence: Jay F. Dorsey , email: // Keywords : glioblastoma multiforme, nanocarrier, radiation therapy, brain tumors, chemotherapy Received : December 12, 2012, Accepted : December 21, 2012, Published : December 23, 2012 Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common, usually lethal disease with a median survival of only ~15 months. It has proven resistant in clinical trials to chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel that are highly effective in vitro, presumably because of impaired drug delivery across the tumor’s blood-brain barrier (BBB). In an effort to increase paclitaxel delivery across the tumor BBB, we linked the drug to a novel filomicelle nanocarrier made with biodegradable poly(ethylene-glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone-r-D,L-lactide) and used precisely collimated radiation therapy (RT) to disrupt the tumor BBB’s permeability in an orthotopic mouse model of GBM. Using a non-invasive bioluminescent imaging technique to assess tumor burden and response to therapy in our model, we demonstrated that the drug-loaded nanocarrier (DLN) alone was ineffective against stereotactically implanted intracranial tumors yet was highly effective against GBM cells in culture and in tumors implanted into the flanks of mice. When targeted cranial RT was used to modulate the tumor BBB, the paclitaxel-loaded nanocarriers became effective against the intracranial tumors. Focused cranial RT improved DLN delivery into the intracranial tumors, significantly improving therapeutic outcomes. Tumor growth was delayed or halted, and survival was extended by >50% (p<0.05) compared to the results obtained with either RT or the DLN alone. Combinations of RT and chemotherapeutic agents linked to nanocarriers would appear to be an area for future investigations that could enhance outcomes in the treatment of human GBM.