gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of type <scp>II</scp> transmembrane serine protease‐mediated signaling in cancer (2016)

Pericellular proteases have long been implicated in carcinogenesis. Previous research focused on these proteins, primarily as extracellular matrix (ECM) protein-degrading enzymes which allowed cancer cells to breach the basement membrane and invade surrounding tissue. However, recently, there has been a shift in the view of cell surface proteases, including serine proteases, as proteolytic modifiers of particular targets, including growth factors and protease-activated receptors, which are critical for the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways. Of the 176 human serine proteases currently identified, a subset of 17, known as type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs). Many have been shown to be relevant to cancer progression since they were first identified as a family around the turn of the century. To this end, altered expression of TTSPs appeared as a trademark of several tumor types. However, the substrates and underlying signaling pathways remained unclear. Localization of these proteins to the cell surface places them in the unique position to mediate signal transduction between the cell and its surrounding environment. Many of the TTSPs have already been shown to play key roles in processes such as postnatal development, tissue homeostasis, and tumor progression, which share overlapping molecular mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of the TTSP family in pro-oncogenic signaling.
Polyesters bearing furan moieties, 2. A detailed investigation of the polytransesterification ofbisfuranic diesters with different diols (1998)

A two-step transesterification procedure was applied to combinations of difuranic diesters and both aliphatic and furanic diols. The reaction parameters (including the nature of the catalyst) were varied in both phases of the process and the results compared with those published for similar systems based on aromatic diesters. The best results related to the first phase of the synthesis were obtained using Zn(AcO)2, Pb(AcO)2 or Ti(OBu)4 at 200°C with a large excess of diol. The second phase, which led to the actual polymer at 200–240°C, called upon the catalytic action of SnC2O4, Sb2O3 and Ti(OBu)4 and was prolonged until the viscosity of the media ceased to increase. Specific problems, related to some fragile moieties, limited the success of these polymerizations to a number of combinations which gave polyesters bearing regular structures and molecular weights in the tens of thousands.
Separation of ethanol-water mixtures by vapor permeation through cellophane membrane. (1989)

Vapor permeation (VaP) using cellophane membrane was compared with pervaporation (PV) for ethanol-water mixtures under isothermal conditions (Mode I). The selectivity of VaP was higher than that of PV through whole feed composition, while the permeation rate of VaP was lower than that of PV. It was observed that the membrane in PV was more swollen than in VaP. In the case (Mode II) which feed vapor was superheated in VaP under keeping downstream pressure constant, the selectivity increased remarkably and the permeation rate decreased. In another case (Mode III) which downstream temperature near the membrane was dropped and the temperature gradient was generated through the membrane in VaP, the permeation rate increased and the selectivity decreased. The influence of temperature to the permeation rate could be expressed by the Arrhenius' correlation only for Mode I. With regard to the influence of downstream pressure, the selectivity of Mode II showed only a slight decrease with downstream pressure, not so much decrease as the usual condition (Mode I).
Selective overproduction of 5-enol-pyruvylshikimic acid 3-phosphate synthase in a plant cell culture which tolerates high doses of the herbicide glyphosate. (1985)

Cultured cells of the higher plant Corydalis sempervirens Pers. which had been adapted to growing in the presence of 5 mM glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]-glycine), a herbicide and a potent specific inhibitor of the shikimate pathway enzyme 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, had a nearly 40-fold increased level of the extractable activity of EPSP synthase. Activities of five other shikimate pathway enzymes were, however, similar in the adapted and nonadapted cells, and the concentrations of the free aromatic amino acids in the two cell lines were also similar. EPSP synthases purified from glyphosate-adapted, as well as nonadapted cells, had identical physical, kinetic, and immunological properties, which indicated that the glyphosate-sensitive enzyme was overproduced in the adapted culture. Overproduction of EPSP synthase in the adapted culture was unequivocally established by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, as well as by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitation of EPSP protein by immunoassay after transfer to nitrocellulose membranes. While about 0.06% of the total soluble protein from nonadapted cells was EPSP synthase protein, the proportion was 2.6% in the adapted cells. In vivo pulse-labeling experiments with [35S]methionine established that the adapted cells have an increased rate of EPSP synthase protein synthesis.
Enhancement of sperm-zona pellucida (ZP) binding capacity by activation of protein kinase A and C pathways in certain infertile men with defective sperm-ZP binding (2008)

There is defective signalling in pathways upstream of PKC and PKA in some men with DSZPB and normal semen analysis. Stimulation of TP by dbcAMP does not enhance sperm-ZP binding capacity in DSZPB men with low TP, regardless of sperm morphology.
The “Browning (Maillard) Reaction” in Heated Solutions of Uronic Acids<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe "Browning (Maillard) Reaction" in Heated Solutions of Uronic Acids1Joan L. Seaver and Z. I. KerteszCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 11, 2178–2179Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01215a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01215a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies on the Total Synthesis of RP 66453:  Synthesis of Fully Functionalized 15-Membered Biaryl-Containing Macrocycle (2001)

[structure: see text] Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling, Corey's enantioselective alkylation of glycine template, and macrolactamization are key steps in an efficient synthesis of the 15-membered macrocycle 2.
Inhibition by trichothecene mycotoxins of replication of herpes simplex virus type 2. (1988)

The effects of the trichothecene mycotoxins diacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol and T-2 toxin on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in HEp-2 cells were examined. The 50% inhibitory concentrations for HSV-2 replication were 2.3ng/ml for diacetoxyscirpenol, 52.0ng/ml for neosolaniol, and 1.6ng/ml for T-2 toxin. The addition of these toxins to the cells within 4hr after HSV-2 infection was necessary for the inhibition of the virus replication. Viral polypeptides synthesized in HSV-2-infected cells treated with the toxins were analyzed by immunoblotting using rabbit antiserum to HSV-2. The syntheses of early viral proteins were greatly inhibited when the toxins were added 1 hr after infection, and those of late viral proteins were also inhibited by toxin exposures 4hr through 6hr after infection. The toxins added after the completion of the latter protein syntheses affected the HSV-2 replication insignificantly. However, viral RNA synthesis was not inhibited when the toxins were added 1 hr after infection. These results indicate that trichothecene mycotoxins inhibit HSV-2 replication by blocking viral protein syntheses.
AthaMap: an online resource for in silico transcription factor binding sites in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome (2003)

Gene expression is controlled mainly by the binding of transcription factors to regulatory sequences. To generate a genomic map for regulatory sequences, the Arabidopsis thaliana genome was screened for putative transcription factor binding sites. Using publicly available data from the TRANSFAC database and from publications, alignment matrices for 23 transcription factors of 13 different factor families were used with the pattern search program Patser to determine the genomic positions of more than 2.4 x 10(6) putative binding sites. Due to the dense clustering of genes and the observation that regulatory sequences are not restricted to upstream regions, the prediction of binding sites was performed for the whole genome. The genomic positions and the underlying data were imported into the newly developed AthaMap database. This data can be accessed by positional information or the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative identification number. Putative binding sites are displayed in the defined region. Data on the matrices used and on the thresholds applied in these screens are given in the database. Considering the high density of sites it will be a valuable resource for generating models on gene expression regulation. The data are available at http://www.athamap.de.
Initial design and analysis of a helix cable detecting robot (2013)

To inspect the inner broken wire condition of the helix cables of cable-stayed bridge, a helix cable detecting robot is proposed in this study. This robot is constituted by a driving trolley and upper and lower support hold devices. The driving trolley and support hold devices are connected by joint components and oppositely arranged along the cable. A climbing device and a magnetic absorption device are designed in the driving trolley, while, the climbing device can enable the trolley to arbitrarily rotate around to adapt water guide line with different screw pitch. Moreover, to ensure the robot to return ground safely, a centrifugal speed regulation method is proposed. By this method, the safe recovery of robot in electrical fault is realized. Theoretical analysis and experimental results suggest that, the mechanism is able to carry 2 kg load to rise steadily and slide down at automatically limiting speed along helix cable at inclining angle of 30° - 90°.
Microstrip patches for a reflectarray (2003)

Microstrip patch element geometry is indeed an important factor in the design of a microstrip reflectarray. In essence, each of these perfectly conductive elements creates a minuscule correction to the reflection phase of the scattered field so that a phase coherent main beam is constructed. The geometrical dimensions of these elements must therefore be carefully designed as such. Three types of microstrip patch geometries considered in this analysis: a rectangular patch; a rectangular patch with a single stub; and a rectangular patch with twin stubs. These stub attachments are in fact phase delay transmission lines employed to fine-tune the reflection phase of the reflectarray so that a constant phase is achieved at a projected aperture plane in front of the reflectarray. On the other hand, a reflectarray using the first geometry utilizes the variation of patch lengths for reflection phase control. To design a microstrip reflectarray, a modelling approximation of the scattering from an infinite periodic array of microstrip patches is employed.
Novel plasma extraction procedure and development of a specific enzyme-immunoassay of oxytocin: application to clinical and biological investigations of small cell carcinoma of the lung (2001)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeCancer Lung Neuropeptides Paraneoplastic Secretion
Integration of wireless LAN and 3G wireless - Design and implementation of a wlan/cdma2000 interworking architecture (2003)

The combination of 3G and WLAN wireless technologies offers the possibility of achieving anywhere, anytime Internet access, bringing benefits to both end users and service providers. We discuss interworking architectures for providing integrated service capability across widely deployed 3G cdma2000-based and IEEE 802.11-based networks. Specifically, we present two design choices for integration: tightly coupled and loosely coupled, and recommend the latter as a preferred option. We describe in detail the implementation of a loosely coupled integrated network which provides two kinds of roaming services, a SimpleIP service and a Mobile-IP service. We present, in detail, two new components used to build these services: a network element called a WLAN integration gateway deployed in WLAN networks; a client software on the mobile device. For a mobile device with interfaces to both technologies, our system supports seamless handoff in the presence of overlapping radio coverage.
UV Absorption and Fluorescence Properties of Pyrene Derivatives Having Trimethylsilyl, Trimethylgermyl, and Trimethylstannyl Groups (2001)

Abstract UV absorption maxima of trimethylsilyl-, trimethylgermyl-, and trimethylstannyl-substituted pyrenes shifted to longer wavelength than that of unsubstituted pyrene. Absorption maxima of mono-, bis-, tris-, and tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)pyrenes shifted to longer wavelength consecutively at intervals of 10 nm. Fluorescence intensities and lifetimes decreased in the order of Me3SiAr &gt; Me3GeAr &gt; Me3SnAr. Fluorescence intensity of 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)pyrene was the largest among those of a series of pyrenes.
Fracture toughness of bisphenol A‐type epoxy resin (2002)

Abstract The relationship between the postcuring conditions and the fracture toughness of a bisphenol A‐type epoxy resin cured with acid anhydride was investigated. The glass transition temperature and fragility parameter, derived from the thermo‐viscoelasticity, were used to characterize the epoxy resin postcured under various conditions. Relationship between these two parameters and the fracture toughness was then investigated, based on the fractography results of a microscopic roughness examination of a fractured surface. The values of the glass transition temperature and fragility greatly depended on the postcuring conditions. The glass transition temperature was approximately 400 K when the crosslinking reaction was saturated. The fragility was independent of the saturation of the reaction and varied between 50 and 180. The results of the fracture test and fractography examination showed that there was no direct correlation between the glass transition temperature, the fracture toughness, and the roughness. On the other hand, there was a correlation between the fragility, fracture toughness, and roughness when the glass transition temperature saturated (at 400 K). As the fragility decreased from 180 to 50, the fracture toughness increased from 0.6 to 1.1 MPa · m 1/2 at the same glass transition temperature. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 10: 2266–2271, 2002
Remote optical detection of alpha particle sources (2004)

Spectral investigations of the phenomenon of alpha-radioluminescence in the atmosphere have been carried out in the UV-V region. It was found that: (1) more than 95% of the intensity of the alpha radiation induced luminescence (alpha-radioluminescence) falls in the narrow range between 310 and 400 nm, (2) the alpha-radioluminescence spectrum consists of a small number of bands typically 2-3 nm wide and belonging to the 2+ system of nitrogen molecule transitions, (3) each alpha particle emitted from the surface causes creation of approximately 30 UV photons in ambient air, (4) alpha particles emitted from the source surface have an angular distribution proportional approximately to cos8 (theta). By determining the main features of the alpha-radioluminescence spectrum, it should be possible to design optical methods and techniques for the indirect remote detection of alpha particle sources even in the presence of a high background of beta or gamma radiation. With the aim of proving this possibility, a laboratory model of an optical receiving system was designed and tested. From a distance of 30 m, the optical image of a clean alpha source (239Pu, 3.7 x 10(7) Bq) placed close to a high activity gamma ray source (60Co, 18.5 x 10(7) Bq) was captured photographically by the model system. The possibility of the practical indoor implementation of such a passive optical method for the remote (hundreds of metres) detection of alpha particle sources even in intense beta/gamma radiation fields is discussed. The potential for an active version of the method is also considered.
Robust transmission of unbounded strings using Fibonacci representations (1987)

Families of Fibonacci codes and Fibonacci representations are defined. Their main attributes are robustness, manifesting itself by the local containment of errors; and simple encoding and decoding. The main application explored is the transmission of binary strings in which the length is in an unknown range, using robust Fibonacci representations instead of the conventional error-sensitive logarithmic ramp representation. Though the former is asymptotically longer than the latter, the former is actually shorter for very large initial segments of integers.
Flexible Composite Wing with Internal Actuation for Roll Maneuver (2002)

Abstract : This paper is concerned with designing an optimum composite flexible wing structure to enhance roll maneuver capability at high dynamic pressures using an embedded actuating system without external control surfaces. A minimum weight design, with constraints on strength for three different flight conditions, on the frequency distribution and lift effectiveness was used for this study. The elastic twist and camber is achieved by providing a system of actuating elements distributed within the internal substructure of the wing to provide control forces. The modal approach is used to develop the dynamic equilibrium equations which culminates in the steady roll maneuver of a wing subjected to aerodynamic loads and the actuating forces. The distribution of actuating forces to achieve the specified steady roll rate and roll angle of the flexible vehicle within a specified time was determined by using Independent Modal-Space Control (IMSC) design approach. Here, a full-scale realistic wing is considered for the assessment of the strain energy and distribution of actuator forces required to produce the antisymmetric twist and camber deformation to achieve the specified roll performance.
Vitrectomy for the treatment of submacular hemorrhages from macular degeneration: a comparison of submacular hemorrhage/membrane removal and submacular tissue plasminogen activator-assisted pneumatic displacement. (2005)

Vitrectomy with removal of the subretinal neovascular membrane/hemorrhage complex resulted in better visual results than displacement of the subretinal hemorrhage primarily due to continuing declines in the TPA group.
Truncation of Fibronectin-Binding Proteins in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Strain Newman Leads to Deficient Adherence and Host Cell Invasion Due to Loss of the Cell Wall Anchor Function (2004)

Staphylococcus aureus fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBPs) play a critical role in S. aureus pathogenesis. FnBPs mediate adhesion to fibronectin and invasion of mammalian cells, including epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblastic cells, by fibronectin bridging to the host cell fibronectin receptor integrin (alpha(5))beta(1). Strain Newman is a laboratory strain frequently used for genetic, functional, and in vivo studies. However, despite pronounced production of FnBPs, strain Newman is only weakly adherent to immobilized Fn and weakly invasive. We examined whether these effects are due to a structural difference of FnBPs. Here, we show that both fnbA(Newman) and fnbB(Newman) contain a centrally located point mutation resulting in a stop codon. This leads to a truncation of both FnBPs at the end of the C domain at identical positions. Most likely, the stop codon occurred first in fnbB(Newman) and was subsequently transferred to fnbA(Newman) by replacement of the entire region encompassing the C, D, and W domains with the respective sequence of fnbB(Newman). Using heterologous expression in Staphylococcus carnosus, we found that truncated FnBPs were completely secreted into the culture medium and not anchored to the cell wall, since they lack the sortase motif (LPETG). Consequently, this led to a loss of FnBP-dependent functions, such as strong adhesion to immobilized fibronectin, binding of fibrinogen, and host cell invasion. This mutation may explain some of the earlier reported conflicting data with strain Newman. Thus, care should be taken when drawing negative conclusions about the role of FnBPs as a virulence factor in a given model.
Amiodarone: guidelines for use and monitoring. (2003)

Amiodarone is a potent antiarrhythmic agent that is used to treat ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation. The drug prevents the recurrence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and produces a modest reduction of sudden deaths in high-risk patients. Amiodarone is more effective than sotalol or propafenone in preventing recurrent atrial fibrillation in patients for whom a rhythm-control strategy is chosen. When long-term amiodarone therapy is used, potential drug toxicity and interactions must be considered. The dosage of amiodarone should be kept at the lowest effective level. In patients who also are taking digoxin and warfarin, physicians must pay close attention to digoxin levels and prothrombin time, keeping in mind that the effects of interaction with amiodarone do not peak until seven weeks after the initiation of concomitant therapy. Laboratory studies to assess liver and thyroid function should be performed at least every six months.
Foundations of aerodynamics: bases of aerodynamic design (1976)

The Fluid Medium. Kinematics of a Flow Field. Dynamics of Flow Fields. Irrotational Incompressible Flow About Two-Dimensional Bodies. Aerodynamic Characteristics of Airfoils. The Finite Wing. Introduction to Compressible Fluids. Energy Relations. Some Applications of One-Dimensional Compressible Flow. Waves. Linearized Compressible Flow. Airfoils in Compressible Flows. Wings and Wing-Body Combinations in Compressible Flow. The Dynamics of Viscous Fluids. Incompressible Laminar Flow in Tubes and Boundary Layers. Laminar Boundary Layers in Compressible Flow. Flow Instabilities and Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow. Turbulent Flows. Airfoil Design, Multiple Surfaces, Vortex Lift, Secondary Flows, Viscous Effects. Appendices. Tables. Oblique Shock Chart. References. Index.
Chemical Reaction of Organics in Supercritical Water (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.