gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of PAI-1 on Adipose Tissue Growth and Metabolic Parameters in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Obesity (2000)

An increased plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) level is a risk factor for myocardial infarction, particularly when associated with visceral obesity. Although the link between PAI-1 and obesity is well documented, little is known about the physiological relevance of PAI-1 production by adipose tissue. Therefore, we have compared adipose tissue development and insulin resistance plasma parameters in PAI-1-deficient mice (PAI-1(-/-)) and wild-type littermates (PAI-1(+/+)) in a model of nutritionally induced obesity. After 17 weeks of consuming a high-fat diet (HFD), PAI-1(+/+) mice showed marked obesity, with a 52% increase in body weight compared with mice that were kept on a standard fat diet (P<0.0001). This weight gain was accompanied by adipocyte hypertrophy and an increase in the number of stroma cells in the gonadal fat pad, expressed as stroma cells/adipocytes (0.67+/-0.05 versus 0.43+/-0. 02; P<0.001). In plasma, the HFD induced a marked increase in PAI-1 antigen (5.1+/-0.56 versus 2+/-0.22 ng/mL; P<0.001), fasting insulinemia (1.1+/-0.21 versus 0.21+/-0.04 ng/mL; P<0.001), and glycemia (7.4+/-0.5 versus 5+/-0.3 mmol/L; P<0.001), whereas plasma triglyceride levels were not affected. When we compared PAI-1(-/-) and PAI-1(+/+) mice on the HFD, PAI-1(-/-) mice gained weight faster than did PAI-1(+/+) mice, with a significant difference in body weight between 3 and 8 weeks of the diet (32+/-1.7 versus 26+/-1.6 g at 6 weeks; P<0.05). After 17 weeks of the HFD, its effect on weight gain and the number and size of adipocytes was similar in PAI-1(+/+) and PAI-1(-/-) mice. By contrast, the increase in the number of stroma cells presented by PAI-1(+/+) mice was not observed in PAI-1(-/-) mice. In obese PAI-1(-/-) mice, tissue-type PA activity and antigen levels in the gonadal fat pad were significantly higher than in obese PAI-1(+/+) mice (230+/-50 versus 47+/-20 arbitrary units/g, P<0.01; 40+/-13 versus 17+/-13 ng/g, P<0.05, respectively), whereas urokinase-type PA activity and antigen levels were similar in both groups. In plasma, nonobese PAI-1(-/-) mice displayed 62% higher insulin levels (P<0.05) than did PAI-1(+/+) mice. Obese PAI-1(-/-) mice displayed 68% higher triglyceride levels (P<0.01) and 21% lower glucose levels (P<0.05) than did PAI-1(+/+) mice. These data support an effect of PAI-1 on weight gain and adipose tissue cellularity in the induction of obesity in mice. Moreover, PAI-1 influences glucidolipidic metabolism. The elevated expression of PAI-1 observed in human obesity could be involved in mechanisms that control adipose tissue development.
Kinetic Investigations with Inhibitors that Mimic the Postomolysis Intermediate in the Reactions of Coenzyme‐B<sub>12</sub>‐Dependent Glycerol Dehydratase and Diol Dehydratase (1997)

Kinetic investigations were performed on the coenzyme-B12-dependent glycerol dehydratase and diol dehydratase reactions using 1,2-propanediol as substrate and [omega-(adenosin-5'-O-yl)alkyl]cobalamins as mimics of the posthomolysis intermediate state of the coenzyme. All the coenzyme-B12 analogues with oligomethylene chains (C3-C7) inserted between the central Co atom and the 5' O of the adenosine moiety were competitive inhibitors with respect to coenzyme B12. The apparent inhibition constants (Ki) of the shorter-chain inhibitors, especially the C5 inhibitor, were smaller for both enzymes than those of the longer-chain (C6, C7) compounds. These results are in agreement with the expected (0.6-0.9 nm) distance between the Co and 5'-methylene paramagnetic centers in the posthomolysis intermediate state of coenzyme B12 in these reactions.
Polarized band-edge photoluminescence and ordering in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.52</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">In</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.48</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>P (1989)

We present the first experimental evidence for the spontaneous breaking of cubic symmetry in the band structure of films of ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.52}$${\mathrm{In}}_{0.48}$P grown by organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy on (100) GaAs substrates. We show how this effect is related to the spontaneous ordering of the alloy, and its correlation with the anomalous lowering of the band gap observed in these films.
Investigating PHEV wind balancing capabilities using heuristics and model predictive control (2010)

The strive for sustainable energy systems will most likely lead to an increased use of renewable energy sources which to a large extent are fluctuating. Therefore, a larger demand for balancing capacity will be required to maintain system security. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) represent a potential storage which could offer additional balancing power. Here, the applicability of PHEVs for this purpose is investigated. The study is performed in a system including a wind farm. The PHEV storage management approaches are based on a heuristic- and on a model predictive control scheme. They are compared in case studies. It is shown that the heuristic scheme is scalable while both schemes are able to balance the forecast error of renewable sources to an acceptable level.
A new method for on-line state machine observation for embedded microprocessors (2002)

In this paper we propose an efficient method to observe a processor state machine and to detect illegal states within one clock-cycle. The strategy is based on a comparison of an encoded vector VCP1, representing the real state, and a predicted vector YCP2, representing the expected state. The practical applicability of the concept was evaluated on several experimental processor designs. We implemented check-units for 8-, I6- and 32-bit microprocessors and DSPs with sets of 32 up to 214 instructions and a deterministic control-flow. The applicability to processors with a higher complexity is demonstrated by a check unit for state machine on-line observation of a pipelined microprocessor with superscalar data-path and hardware-implemented hazard control. To minimize the overhead we investigated different strategies to modify check units. A reduction of hardware overhead can be reached by application specific reduction of processor state machines. For more complex processors we propose a reduction of the overhead by partitioning of the state space.
CRIM1 Regulates the Rate of Processing and Delivery of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to the Cell Surface (2003)

The Crim1 gene is predicted to encode a transmembrane protein containing six von Willebrand-like cysteine-rich repeats (CRRs) similar to those in the BMP-binding antagonist Chordin (Chrd). In this study, we verify that CRIM1 is a glycosylated, Type I transmembrane protein and demonstrate that the extracellular CRR-containing domain can also be secreted, presumably via processing at the membrane. We have previously demonstrated Crim1 expression at sites consistent with an interaction with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Here we show that CRIM1 can interact with both BMP4 and BMP7 via the CRR-containing portion of the protein and in so doing acts as an antagonist in three ways. CRIM1 binding of BMP4 and -7 occurs when these proteins are co-expressed within the Golgi compartment of the cell and leads to (i) a reduction in the production and processing of preprotein to mature BMP, (ii) tethering of pre-BMP to the cell surface, and (iii) an effective reduction in the secretion of mature BMP. Functional antagonism was verified by examining the effect of co-expression of CRIM1 and BMP4 on metanephric explant culture. The presence of CRIM1 reduced the effective BMP4 concentration of the media, thereby acting as a BMP4 antagonist. Hence, CRIM1 modulates BMP activity by affecting its processing and delivery to the cell surface.
Inducing programs in a direct-manipulation environment (1989)

End users who need to program within highly interactive direct-manipulation interfaces should be able to communicate their intentions through concrete demonstration rather than in terms of symbolic abstraction. This paper describes a system that learns procedures in interactive graphics taught to it “by example” by minimally trained users. It shows how techniques of machine learning and reactive interfaces can support one another—the former providing generalization heuristics to identify constraints implicit in user actions, the latter offering immediate feedback to help the user clarify hidden constraints and correct errors before they are planted into the procedure. The teacher's attention is focused on the learning system's perceptual and inferential shortcomings through a metaphorical apprentice called Metamouse, which generalizes action sequences on the fly and eagerly carries out any actions it can predict. The success of the induction process is assessed quantitatively by counting erroneous predictions made during example tasks.
Reduced temperature sensitivity of the wavelength of a diode laser in a stress-engineered hydrostatic package (1996)

By using the effects of increasing hydrostatic pressure to counteract the effects of rising temperature, we demonstrate a technique to stabilize the wavelength of an uncooled diode laser. We use the differential thermal expansion between various materials incorporated into the laser package to automatically generate a temperature-dependent pressure, and obtain a 50% reduction in the temperature sensitivity of the wavelength of a 1.55 μm GaInAsP/InP laser.
Characteristics of intermittent mitochondrial transport in guinea pig enteric nerve fibers (2004)

Enteric neurons controlling various gut functions are prone to oxidative insults that might damage mitochondria (e.g., intestinal inflammation). To resume local energy supply, mitochondria need to be transported. We used MitoTracker dyes and confocal microscopy to investigate basic characteristics of mitochondrial transport in guinea pig myenteric neurites. During a 10-s observation of 1 mm nerve fiber, on average, three mitochondria were transported at an average speed of 0.41 +/- 0.02 microm/s. Movement patterns were clearly erratic, and velocities were independent of mitochondrial size. The velocity oscillated periodically ( approximately 6 s) but was not consistently affected by structures such as en route boutons, bifurcations, or stationary mitochondria. Also, mitochondria transported in opposite directions did not necessarily affect each others' mobility. Transport was blocked by microtubule disruption (100 microM colchicine), and destabilization (1 microM cytochalasin-D) or stabilization (10 microM phalloidin) of actin filaments, respectively, decreased (0.22 +/- 0.02 microm/s, P < 0.05) or increased (0.53 +/- 0.02 microm/s, P < 0.05) transport speed. Transport was inhibited by TTX (1 microM), and removal of extracellular Ca(2+) (plus 2 mM EGTA) had no effect. However, depletion of intracellular stores (thapsigargin) reduced (to 33%) and slowed the transport significantly (0.18 +/- 0.02 microm/s, P < 0.05), suggesting an important role for stored Ca(2+) in mitochondrial transport. Transport was also reduced (to 21%) by the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP (1 microM) in a time-dependent fashion and slowed by oligomycin (10 microM). We conclude that mitochondrial transport is remarkably independent of structural nerve fiber properties. We also show that mitochondrial transport is TTX sensitive and speeds up by stabilizing actin and that functional Ca(2+) stores are required for efficient transport.
All-active tapered 1.55-μm InGaAsP BH-DFB laser with continuously chirped grating (2003)

We demonstrate the first realization of all-active tapered index coupled 1.55-μm InGaAsP buried-heterostructure distributed feedback lasers involving chirped gratings. The variation of the effective refractive index along the tapered active stripe is compensated using an optimized continuously chirped grating. The grating has been formed using a novel direct-write electron-beam lithography technique. Lasers with an antireflection/cleaved cavity show stable single-mode operation and high optical output power up to 60 mW. The yield of lasers with a sidemode suppression ration > 40 dB is more than 70%. The -3-dB farfield angles (full-width at half-maximum) amount to 14/spl deg/ and 20/spl deg/ in lateral and vertical direction, respectively.
Algorithms for ship detection and tracking using satellite imagery (2004)

Ship detection and tracking are important to maintain a Recognized Maritime Picture (RMP). Satellite surveillance provides wide area coverage but is often limited by revisit times and by the time taken to process the imagery, analyze it and send messages in an appropriate format to update the RMP. The paper describes the development of a new ship detection and tracking program that is designed to analyze processed imagery rapidly and inexpensively and to deliver messages automatically by email in the OTH Gold format. The message can include ship position, length, heading and speed. The program structure is designed to be versatile, flexible and extendable and a RADARSAT image can be loaded and analyzed and a message sent typically in less than one minute
Prognostic Scoring in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases (2005)

This prognostic scoring system is derived from and can be applied to patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases at the time of referral for consideration of surgery. Patients with poor prognosis have no long-term benefit from curative liver resection and should therefore be considered for combined multimodal treatment.
Characterization of Electrochromic Vanadium Pentoxide Thin Films Prepared By Spray Pyrolysis (2006)

Amorphous and crystalline vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films weregrown onto heated glass substrates using spray pyrolysis technique. Aqueoussolution of ammonium meta-vanadat with different concentrations rangingfrom 0.1 to 0.5M was used. X-ray diffraction study of c-V2O5 revealedpolycrystalline films of orthorhombic structure with a preferred orientation(001). Voigt analysis of single reflection was used to determine crystallite sizeand microstrain. The refractive index n and the extinction coefficient k havebeen computed from the corrected transmittance and reflectance over thespectral range 300 to 2500 nm. Analysis of the absorption coefficient versusphoton energy revealed allowed direct transitions with energy gap 2.34eV. Theelectrochromic behaviour has been investigated using three-electrode cell.Upon sodium insertion, the results showed that the changes in the opticalabsorption are consistent with the colour changes of the film. On applying thevoltage the optical absorption in the wavelength range 500 – 900 nm increasesand the absorption edge shifts towards lower energies. The film colourationshowed to be stable over several tens of hours claiming high colourationmemory. Due to its limited optical modulation, V2O5 films may be useful as apassive counter electrode in conjunction with an active working electrode incomplementary electrochromic devices.
Luminescent Quantum Dot-Bioconjugates in Immunoassays, FRET, Biosensing, and Imaging Applications (2004)

Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs), such as CdSe-ZnS core-shell, are highly luminescent and stable inorganic fluorophores that represent a promising alternative to organic dyes for a variety of biotechnological applications. They show size-tunable narrow photoluminescence spectra spanning nearly the full visible region of the optical spectrum for QDs with CdSe cores. We have developed several approaches to conjugate either one type or a combination of biologically distinct proteins to CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs rendered water-soluble by surface ligation with dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) groups. QD-protein conjugates prepared using these approaches were found to exhibit high specificity and stability in immunoassays and in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays as well as in prototype QD bioconjugate sensors. Tunable QD emission over a wide range of wavelengths permitted effective tuning of the degree of energy overlap between the QD donor and an acceptor dye, allowing control over the rate of FRET. Additionally, we have used these QD-bioconjugates in live cell labeling. These hybrid bioinorganic conjugates represent a promising tool for use in many biotechnological applications.
Domain inversion in LiTaO3 and LiNbO3 by electric field application on chemically patterned crystals (1996)

We report a process for the formation of inverted ferroelectric domain regions in LiTaO3 and LiNbO3. This process involves the chemical patterning of the material surface by diffusion of Ti or ion exchange followed by domain inversion by a uniform electric field. The resultant periodic domain structure is applicable to first order quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation (QPMSHG). In first order periodically poled crystals of Z-cut LiTaO3, initial results have shown bulk conversion efficiencies of up to 2%/(W cm). A second-harmonic conversion of 3 mW of blue wavelength power was observed from waveguide devices made on these crystals.
Development of Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Conversion of Levulinic Acid to γ‐Valerolactone (2012)

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) has been identified as a potential intermediate for the production of fuels and chemicals based on renewable feedstocks. Numerous heterogeneous catalysts have been used for GVL production, alongside a range of reaction setups. This Minireview seeks to outline the development of heterogeneous catalysts for the targeted conversion of levulinic acid (LA) to GVL. Emphasis has been placed on discussing specific systems, including heterogeneous noble and base metal catalysts, transfer hydrogenation, and application of scCO₂ as reaction medium, with the aim of critically highlighting both the achievements and remaining challenges associated with this field.
Iterative learning-based high-performance current controller for switched reluctance motors (2004)

Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are being considered for variable speed drive applications due to their simple construction and fault-tolerant power-electronic converter configuration. However, inherent torque ripple and the consequent vibration and acoustic noise act against their cause. Most researchers have proposed a cascaded torque control structure for its well-known advantages. In a cascaded control structure, accurate torque control requires accurate current tracking by the inner current controller. As SRM operates in magnetic saturation, the system is highly nonlinear from the control point of view. Developing an accurate current tracking controller for such a nonlinear system is a big challenge. Additionally, the controller should be robust to model inaccuracy, as SRM modeling is very tedious and prone to error. In this paper, we have reviewed various current controllers reported in the literature and discussed their merits and demerits. Subsequently, we have proposed and implemented a novel high-performance current controller based on iterative learning, which shows improved current tracking without the need for an accurate model. Experimental results provided for a 1-hp, 8/6-pole SRM, demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.
Electrostatic and Association Phenomena in Aggregates of Polymers and Micelles (2001)

An automatic, continuous-mixing technique is introduced to measure light scattering and viscosity simultaneously over a wide range of solute concentrations in multicomponent systems. Behavior along arbitrary curves in component coordinates can be monitored. This technique is used to investigate the association and electrostatically based excluded-volume interactions that arise in solutions of interacting neutral polymers and charged micelles. In this study, the ionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and a neutral polymer poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) were chosen. The SDS confers pseudopolyelectrolyte properties on the polymer/micelle aggregates (PSA), such as electrostatically enhanced second and third virial coefficients A2 and A3, respectively. The presence of a large A3 is directly observed as a well-defined maximum in scattering intensity versus [PVP] under saturating SDS conditions. The electrostatically enhanced three-body effects represented by A3 in light scattering are nearly 3 orders of magnitude greater than the corresponding three-body terms in viscosity. A viscosity effect reminiscent of the electroviscous effect seen for linear polyelectrolytes is observed, but it occurs under very different PSA concentration and solution ionic strength conditions.
Bayesian Test Procedure of Lifetime Performance Index for Exponential Distribution under Progressive Type-II Censoring (2013)

The lifetime performance assessment is important in the service (or manufacturing) industries. Lifetime performance index is used to measure the potential and performance of a process, where L is the lower specification limit. In this paper, firstly, we propose the critical interval and the Bayesian test for to assess the lifetime performance of products based on the conjugate prior distribution and squared error loss function under the exponential distribution with the progressive type-II censored sample; secondly, an example is given to illustrate the use of the testing procedure under given significant level. Moreover, the new testing procedure is to determine whether the product performance adheres to the required level.
Cognitive swarming: an approach from the theoretical neuroscience of hippocampal function (2019)

The rise of mobile multi-agent robotic platforms is outpacing control paradigms for tasks that require operating in complex, realistic environments. To leverage inertial, energetic, and cost benefits of small-scale robots, critical future applications may depend on coordinating large numbers of agents with minimal onboard sensing and communication resources. In this article, we present the perspective that adaptive and resilient autonomous control of swarms of minimal agents might follow from a direct analogy with the neural circuits of spatial cognition in rodents. We focus on spatial neurons such as place cells found in the hippocampus. Two major emergent hippocampal phenomena, self-stabilizing attractor maps and temporal organization by shared oscillations, reveal theoretical solutions for decentralized self-organization and distributed communication in the brain. We consider that autonomous swarms of minimal agents with low-bandwidth communication are analogous to brain circuits of oscillatory neurons with spike-based propagation of information. The resulting notion of `neural swarm control' has the potential to be scalable, adaptive to dynamic environments, and resilient to communication failures and agent attrition. We illustrate a path toward extending this analogy into multi-agent systems applications and discuss implications for advances in decentralized swarm control.