gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-specific in vivo inhibition of CK1 by the pyridinyl imidazole p38 inhibitors SB 203580 and SB 202190 (2009)

Small-molecule inhibitors of protein kinases have contributed immensely to our understanding of biological signaling pathways and have been exploited therapeutically for the treatment of cancers and other disease states. The pyridinyl imidazole compounds SB 203580 and SB 202190 were identified as ATP competitive antagonists of the p38 stress-activated protein kinases and have been widely used to elucidate p38-dependent cellular processes. Here, we identify SB 203580 and SB 202190 as potent inhibitors of stress-induced CREB phosphorylation on Serine 111 (Ser-111) in intact cells. Unexpectedly, we found that the inhibitory activity of SB 203580 and SB 202190 on CREB phosphorylation was independent of p38, but instead correlated with inhibition of casein kinase 1 (CK1) in vitro. The inhibition of CK1-mediated CREB phosphorylation by concentrations of pyridinyl imidazoles commonly employed to suppress p38, suggests that in some cases conclusions of p38-dependence derived solely from the use of these inhibitors may be invalid.
Wrought Copper and Copper-Base Alloys (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWrought Copper and Copper-Base AlloysC. L. BulowCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 10, 1785–1788Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50466a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50466a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Handbook of Statistics in Clinical Oncology (2001)

Contents Phase I Trials Overview of Phase I Trials, L. Edler and I. Burkholder Phase I and Phase I/II Dose Finding Algorithms Using Continual Reassessment Method, J. O'Quigley Choosing a Phase I Design, B. E. Storer Pharmacokinetics in Clinical Oncology: Statistical Issues, G.L. Rosner, P. Muller, S. Lunagomez, and P.A. Thompson Practical Implementation of the Continual Reassessment Method, N. Ishizuka and S. Morita Phase II Trials Overview of Phase II Clinical Trials, S. Green Designs Based on Toxicity and Response, G.R. Petroni and M.R. Conaway Phase II Trials Using Time-to-Event Endpoints, C.M. Tangen and J.J. Crowley Phase II Selection Designs, P.Y. Liu, J. Moon, and M. LeBlanc Bayesian Sensitivity Analyses of Confounded Treatment Effects, P.F. Thall and X. Wang Phase III Trials On Use of Covariates in Randomization and Analysis of Clinical Trials, G.L. Anderson, M. LeBlanc, P.Y. Liu, and J. Crowley Factorial Designs with Time to Event Endpoints, S. Green Noninferiority Trials, K.J. Kopecky and S. Green Power and Sample Size for Phase III Clinical Trials of Survival, J.J. Shuster Early Stopping of Cancer Clinical Trials, J.J. Dignam, J. Bryant, and H.S. Wieand Design and Analysis of Quality of Life Data, A.B. Troxel, and C.M. Moinpour Economic Analyses Alongside Cancer Clinical Trials, S.D. Ramsey Exploratory Analysis and Prognostic Factors Prognostic Factor Studies, M. Schumacher, N. Hollander, G. Schwarzer, and W. Sauerbrei Statistical Methods to Identify Predictive Factors, K. Ulm, M. Seebauer, S. Eberle, M. Reck, and S. Hessler Explained Variation in Propotional Hazards Regression, J.O. Quigly and R. Xu Constructing Prognostic Groups by Tree-Based Partitioning and Peeling Methods, M. LeBlanc, E. Rasmussen, and J. Crowley Clinical Monitoring Based on Joint Models for Longitudinal Biomarkers and Event Times, D. Pauler Ankerst and D.M. Finkelstein High-Throughput DatA and Bioinformatics Some Practical Considerations for Analysis of Spotted Microarray Data, L. Hsu, J.R. Faulkner, D. Grove, and D. Pauler Ankerst Statistical Applications Using DNA Microarrays for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis, S. Matsui Profiling High-Dimensional Protein Expression Using MALDI-TOF: Mass Spectrometry for Biomarker Discovery, Y. Yasui, T. Randolph, and Z. Feng Statistical Approaches for High Dimensional Data Derived from High Throughput Assays: A Case Study of Protein Expression Levels in Lung Cancer, Y. Shyr Spatial Modeling of Multilocus Data, D.V. Conti, D.O. Stram, J. Molitor, P. Marjoram, and D.C. Thomas Software for Genomic Data, R. Gentleman Interpreting Clinical Trials Interpreting Longitudinal Studies of QOL with Nonignorable Dropout, D.L. Fairclough Why Kaplan-Meier Fails and Cumulative Incidence Succeeds when Estimating Failure Probabilities in the Presence of Competing Risks, T.A. Gooley, W. Leisenring, J. Crowley, and B.E. Storer Pitfalls in the Design, Conduct and Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials, R.J. Stephens Dose-Intensity Analysis, J. Pater Sequential Randomization, J. Pater and J. Crowley
Regulation of Cell Migration by the Calcium-dependent Protease Calpain (1997)

Integrin receptors play an important role during cell migration by mediating linkages and transmitting forces between the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton. The mechanisms by which these linkages are regulated and released during migration are not well understood. We show here that cell-permeable inhibitors of the calcium-dependent protease calpain inhibit both beta1 and beta3 integrin-mediated cell migration. Calpain inhibition specifically stabilizes peripheral focal adhesions, increases adhesiveness, and decreases the rate of cell detachment. Furthermore, these inhibitors alter the fate of integrin receptors at the rear of the cell during migration. A Chinese hamster ovary cell line expressing low levels of calpain I also shows reduced migration rates with similar morphological changes, further implicating calpain in this process. Taken together, the data suggest that calpain inhibition modulates cell migration by stabilizing cytoskeletal linkages and decreasing the rate of retraction of the cell's rear. Inhibiting calpain-mediated proteolysis may therefore be a potential therapeutic approach to control pathological cell migration such as tumor metastasis.
Potential role of miR-9 and miR-223 in recurrent ovarian cancer (2008)

We propose a miRNA model for the molecular pathogenesis of recurrent ovarian cancer. Some of the differentially deregulated miRNAs identified correlate with our previous transcriptome findings. Based on integrated transcriptome and miRNA analysis, miR-9 and miR-223 can be of potential importance as biomarkers in recurrent ovarian cancer.
An alternative splice variant of human IL-4, IL-4 δ 2, inhibits IL-4-stimulated T cell proliferation (1996)

Alternative splicing of mRNA can generate protein isoforms that are preferentially expressed in different tissues or during different states of cell differentiation or activation. Protein isoforms may have different functions. In this study, we cloned, expressed, and tested functional effects of a naturally occurring splice variant of human IL-4, called IL-4 delta 2. In IL-4 delta 2, the second exon of IL-4 is omitted by alternative splicing, with exons 1, 3, and 4 joined in an open reading frame. We found that IL-4 delta 2 RNA is expressed in the PBMC of all donors tested, usually in lower amounts than IL-4 RNA. In contrast, IL-4 delta 2 RNA is expressed in much higher levels than IL-4 RNA in thymocytes and bronchoalveolar lavage cells, suggesting tissue specificity of expression. IL-4 delta 2 cDNA was expressed in yeast. Recombinant human (rh) IL-4 delta 2 was partially purified and found to be glycosylated, with a protein core of 13 to 15 kDa. Unlike rhIL-4, rhIL-4 delta 2 did not act as a costimulator for T cell proliferation. However, rhIL-4 delta 2 inhibited the ability of rhIL-4 to act as a T cell costimulator. Inhibition was independent of glycosylation and was not mediated by toxicity. Iodinated IL-4 delta 2 was found to bind specifically to human PBMC and tumor lines known to express IL-4 receptors. Excess unlabeled IL-4 inhibited cellular binding of labeled IL-4 delta 2. Thus, rhIL-4 delta 2 is a naturally occurring splice variant of IL-4 that is preferentially expressed in the thymus and airways and inhibits function of complete IL-4. The balance between IL-4 and IL-4 delta 2 may be important in the regulation of IL-4 effects.
Rapid-onset antidepressant action of ketamine: potential revolution in understanding and future pharmacologic treatment of depression (2014)

It is not an exaggeration to state that the new findings, if validated, might produce a revolution in understanding and treating depressive disorders.
Cancellation of Internal Quantum Noise of an Amplifier by Quantum Correlation (2013)

Quantum noise is usually added in an amplification process through the internal degrees of the amplifier. Coupling the squeezed state to the internal degree can suppress the extra noise. Here, we demonstrate another method: when the internal degree of the amplifier is correlated with the input signal via quantum entanglement, quantum destructive interference between the input and the internal degree may result in noise reduction at the amplified output. We achieve a quantum noise reduction of 2.3 dB at the output and an improvement of 4.0±0.2 dB in signal-to-noise ratio during the amplification process with a quantum noise gain of 4.5 dB.
Analyzing Managersâ€™ Judgements and Decisions with an Educational Business Simulation (1999)

Business simulation has the potential for providing a student with cognitive analyses of his decisions and judgment. With this capability, a simulation can provide personalized training in critical thinking and business decision-making. Realizing this capability requires a simulation that (1) facilitates measuring information and knowledge and (2) relates the tasks demanded of the student to analyzable cognitive functions. This paper presents a simulation satisfying these requirements. It represents the first step in developing personalized, cognitive training in critical thinking and business decision-making.
The Oxidation of Methylene and Methyl Groups by Sodium Hypochlorite<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Oxidation of Methylene and Methyl Groups by Sodium Hypochlorite1David D. Neiswender Jr., William B. Moniz, and Joseph A. DixonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 11, 2876–2878Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01496a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01496a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views637Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Linkage between water stress tolerance and life history type in seedlings of nine chaparral species (Rhamnaceae) (2008)

1 Chaparral shrub species along the southwest coast of North America survive wildfire by three different life history types: non-sprouters (NS) are killed by fire and only re-establish through germination of fire-stimulated seeds; facultative sprouters (FS) re-establish by a combination of vegetative sprouting and seed germination; and obligate sprouters (OS) only re-establish by vegetative sprouting because their seeds do not survive fire. 2 Post-fire seedlings of NS and FS re-establish in open canopy gaps, whereas OS seedlings primarily recruit in deep shade during fire-free intervals. 3 It was hypothesized that these life history differences, compared within the same family, Rhamnaceae, would result in differential seedling resistance to water stress such that NS > FS > OS. 4 Seedlings were grown in large pots in a common garden under treatments of sun, shade, irrigation and water stress. Mortality and physiology of seedlings were monitored for about 1 year. 5 In response to the water stress treatment in full sun, life history types were not different in their dry season predawn water potentials, which were extremely negative (< –9 MPa). Water potential of water-stressed shade grown plants were also not different, but were less negative than the sun treatment during the dry season (about –6 MPa). 6 For plants grown in full sun under water stress, NS exhibited 23% mortality, FS 60% and OS 35% mortality, while irrigated controls had greatly reduced mortality across all life histories. Among shade grown plants under water stress, NS exhibited 30% mortality, FS 20% and OS 1% mortality. This pattern of differential mortality was the same for irrigated plants indicating that water stress was not the cause of mortality in the shade. 7 Greater stem and root resistance to water stress induced cavitation were strongly correlated with lower percent mortality during the summer dry season suggesting a link between these traits and fitness. 8 Synthesis. This study finds a link between life history type and water stress tolerance. Consistent with open canopy specialization, NS survived best in full sun. The FS and OS life history type had better survival in the shade. The OS was unexpectedly versatile, surviving well in the sun and shade. The evolutionary history of the life history types is discussed as an important factor in linking water stress tolerance and life history.
In Vitro Versus in VivoCellulose Microfibrils from Plant Primary Wall Synthases: Structural Differences (2002)

Detergent extracts of microsomal fractions from suspension cultured cells of Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) were tested for their ability to synthesize in vitro sizable quantities of cellulose from UDP-glucose. Both Brij 58 and taurocholate were effective and yielded a substantial percentage of cellulose microfibrils together with (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan (callose). The taurocholate extracts, which did not require the addition of Mg(2+), were the most efficient, yielding roughly 20% of cellulose. This cellulose was characterized after callose removal by methylation analysis, electron microscopy, and electron and x-ray synchrotron diffractions; its resistance toward the acid Updegraff reagent was also evaluated. The cellulose microfibrils synthesized in vitro had the same diameter as the endogenous microfibrils isolated from primary cell walls. Both polymers diffracted as cellulose IV(I), a disorganized form of cellulose I. Besides these similarities, the in vitro microfibrils had a higher perfection and crystallinity as well as a better resistance toward the Updegraff reagent. These differences can be attributed to the mode of synthesis of the in vitro microfibrils that are able to grow independently in a neighbor-free environment, as opposed to the cellulose in the parent cell walls where new microfibrils have to interweave with the already laid polymers, with the result of a number of structural defects.
In vitro selection of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. by levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin alone and in combination with β-lactams and amikacin (2005)

Use of combinations of fluoroquinolones with beta-lactams and amikacin reduces the risk for in vitro selection of resistant P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp.
Evidence for a novel human-specific xeno-auto-antibody response against vascular endothelium (2009)

Humans are genetically unable to synthesize the common mammalian sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). However, Neu5Gc can be metabolically incorporated and covalently expressed on cultured human cell surfaces. Meanwhile, humans express varying and sometimes high titers of polyclonal anti-Neu5Gc antibodies. Here, a survey of human tissues by immunohistochemistry with both a monospecific chicken anti-Neu5Gc antibody and with affinity-purified human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies demonstrates endothelial expression of Neu5Gc, likely originating from Neu5Gc-rich foods like red meats. We hypothesized that the combination of Neu5Gc incorporation and anti-Neu5Gc antibodies can induce endothelial activation. Indeed, the incubation of high-titer human sera with Neu5Gc-fed endothelial cells led to Neu5Gc-dependent antibody binding, complement deposition, endothelial activation, selectin expression, increased cytokine secretion, and monocyte binding. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha also selectively enhanced human anti-Neu5Gc antibody reactivity. Anti-Neu5Gc antibodies affinity-purified from human serum also directed Neu5Gc-dependent complement deposition onto cultured endothelial cells. These data indicate a novel human-specific mechanism in which Neu5Gc-rich foods deliver immunogenic Neu5Gc to the endothelium, giving anti-Neu5Gc antibody- and complement-dependent activation, and potentially contributing to human vascular pathologies. In the case of atherosclerosis, Neu5Gc is present both in endothelium overlying plaques and in subendothelial regions, providing multiple pathways for accelerating inflammation in this disease.
Identification of Diverse Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants Carried on Bacterial, Plasmid, or Viral Metagenomes from an Activated Sludge Microbial Assemblage (2010)

Using both sequence- and function-based metagenomic approaches, multiple antibiotic resistance determinants were identified within metagenomic libraries constructed from DNA extracted from bacterial chromosomes, plasmids, or viruses within an activated sludge microbial assemblage. Metagenomic clones and a plasmid that in Escherichia coli expressed resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, or kanamycin were isolated, with many cloned DNA sequences lacking any significant homology to known antibiotic resistance determinants.
Reactivity of a Cobalt(III)–Hydroperoxo Complex in Electrophilic Reactions (2016)

The reactivity of mononuclear metal-hydroperoxo adducts has fascinated researchers in many areas due to their diverse biological and catalytic processes. In this study, a mononuclear cobalt(III)-peroxo complex bearing a tetradentate macrocyclic ligand, [Co<sup>III</sup>(Me<sub>3</sub>-TPADP)(O<sub>2</sub>)]<sup>+</sup> (Me<sub>3</sub>-TPADP = 3,6,9-trimethyl-3,6,9-triaza-1(2,6)-pyridinacyclodecaphane), was prepared by reacting [Co<sup>II</sup>(Me<sub>3</sub>-TPADP)(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in the presence of triethylamine. Upon protonation, the cobalt(III)-peroxo intermediate was converted into a cobalt(III)-hydroperoxo complex, [Co<sup>III</sup>(Me<sub>3</sub>-TPADP)(O<sub>2</sub>H)(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)]<sup>2+</sup>. The mononuclear cobalt(III)-peroxo and -hydroperoxo intermediates were characterized by a variety of physicochemical methods. Results of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry clearly show the transformation of the intermediates: the peak at m/z 339.2 assignable to the cobalt(III)-peroxo species disappears with concomitant growth of the peak at m/z 190.7 corresponding to the cobalt(III)-hydroperoxo complex (with bound CH<sub>3</sub>CN). Isotope labeling experiments further support the existence of the cobalt(III)-peroxo and -hydroperoxo complexes. In particular, the O-O bond stretching frequency of the cobalt(III)-hydroperoxo complex was determined to be 851 cm<sup>-1</sup> for <sup>16</sup>O<sub>2</sub>H samples (803 cm<sup>-1</sup> for <sup>18</sup>O<sub>2</sub>H samples), and its Co-O vibrational energy was observed at 571 cm<sup>-1</sup> for <sup>16</sup>O<sub>2</sub>H samples (551 cm<sup>-1</sup> for <sup>18</sup>O<sub>2</sub>H samples; 568 cm<sup>-1</sup> for <sup>16</sup>O<sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>H samples) by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Reactivity studies performed with the cobalt(III)-peroxo and -hydroperoxo complexes in organic functionalizations reveal that the latter is capable of conducting oxygen atom transfer with an electrophilic character, whereas the former exhibits no oxygen atom transfer reactivity under the same reaction conditions. Alternatively, the cobalt(III)-hydroperoxo complex does not perform hydrogen atom transfer reactions, while analogous low-spin Fe(III)-hydroperoxo complexes are capable of this reactivity. Density functional theory calculations indicate that this lack of reactivity is due to the high free energy cost of O-O bond homolysis that would be required to produce the hypothetical Co(IV)-oxo product.
Fully automatic left ventricular myocardial boundary detection in echocardiographic images: a comparison of two modern methods (1996)

The echo images in 2D echocardiography have poor noise characteristics and low spatial and grey-value resolutions. Numerous attempts have been made to develop automated algorithms for quantitative analysis and boundary extraction in these images, but as yet none have been developed adequately to be used clinically. This report presents two modern approaches for automatic extraction of the left ventricular (LV) epicardial and endocardial boundaries from short-axis (SA) echocardiographic data, and compares their performance. Both methods use the radial search algorithm in the extraction process. In the AMRBDS (automatic multiresolution boundary detection system), the first stage uses fuzzy logic and the spatial and intensity information of the input image to estimate the LV centre point (LVCP). Then, a novel multiresolution edge detection technique based on the wavelet transform is applied to each one of the radial intensity profiles to extract the most probable and unique LV edge points along them. Median post-filtering and cubic B-spline techniques are employed to produce the final LV boundaries. In the AANNBDS (automatic artificial neural networks boundary detection system), an MLP (multilayer perceptron) is used to detect the most appropriate centre point of the LV. A second MLP is trained to classify each pixel on the radial lines as an inner, outer or non-edge point. Finally, knowledge guided snakes are employed to extract the LV borders by minimization of the snakes' energy function. (6 pages)