gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Structure and Orientation of PTFE Films Determined by Experimental and FEFF8-Calculated NEXAFS Spectra (2002)

Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) experiments have provided information about the orientation of adsorbed small molecules, self-assembled monolayers, and polymers. Long fluorocarbon chains are known to have a twisted (or helical) structure due to the steric interactions of the fluorine atoms. Carbon K-edge and fluorine K-edge NEXAFS spectra of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) have been calculated using FEFF8 to determine how changing the helical structure of the PTFE chains affects the NEXAFS spectra. Specific structural parameters varied in the calculations included unwinding the helix, changing bond angles, and theoretically “stretching” the PTFE chains. Changing these structural parameters resulted in changes in the calculated NEXAFS spectra. Experimental NEXAFS spectra were obtained at beamline U7A of the NSLS on highly oriented, rubbed PTFE samples. A large polarization dependence is observed at the fluorine K-edge for the C−F σ* peak and at the carbon K-edge for the C−F σ* peaks (at 292.3 and 299 eV) and the C−C σ* peak (at 295.7 eV), consistent with the fluorocarbon chains oriented parallel to the gold surface along the “rubbing” direction. FEFF8 NEXAFS spectra calculated with self-consistent spherical muffin-tin potentials, a full multiple-scattering formalism, the structural coordinates for bulk PTFE, and no adjustable physical parameters are in good agreement with the experimental NEXAFS spectra, showing the fluorocarbon chains in the rubbed PTFE films have a helical structure.
Perilymph fistula pathophysiology (1995)

A great deal of the controversy associated with perilymph fistula is due to the lack of a sensitive, specific way of detecting and thus diagnosing one. The existing subjective, clinical observations need to be replaced with an objective, scientific methodology having higher specificity and sensitivity for the detection of perilymph fistula. Three detection methods presently under development are presented here. One uses a miniendoscope to observe the middle ear. This procedure is less traumatic than inspection with tympanotomy. Thus it is less likely to create artifacts that can be mistaken for a fistula leakage. The "yes-no" observation decision is to be replaced with a graded quantitative measure. The second method concentrates on detected leakage from inner to middle ear. beta 2-Transferrin, a unique endogenous substance found in perilymph and cerebrospinal fluid, can be detected with one- or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The third method is a system identification fistula test. It measures a change in a physiologic response that is caused by the presence of the fistula. Classic biophysical models of the vestibular end organs can be used to predict the dynamics of responses to systems identification stimuli.
Querying in Highly Mobile Distributed Environments (1992)

New challenges to the database field brought about by the rapidly growing area of wireless personal communication are presented. Preliminary solutions to two of the major problems, control of update volume and integration of query processing and data acquisition, are discussed along with the simulation results. 1
Eosinophils alter colonic epithelial barrier function: role for major basic protein (2005)

Mucosal eosinophils increase in a number of gastrointestinal diseases that are often associated with altered epithelial barrier function, including food allergic enteropathies and inflammatory bowel diseases. Although eosinophils are known to secrete biologically active mediators including granule proteins, their role in gastrointestinal diseases is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of eosinophils on intestinal barrier function. Epithelial barrier function was determined in a coculture of eosinophils and T84 epithelial cells and in a murine model of T helper (Th) type 2-mediated colitis. Coculture conditions resulted in decreased transepithelial resistance (TER) and increased transepithelial flux. Cell-free coculture supernatants contained a > or =5-kDa soluble factor that also diminished TER; these supernatants contained the eosinophil-granule proteins major basic protein (MBP) and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). T84 barrier function decreased significantly when basolateral surfaces were exposed to native human MBP but not EDN. Additional studies identified downregulation of the tight junctional molecule occludin as at least one mechanism for MBP action. MBP-null mice were protected from inflammation associated with oxazolone colitis compared with wild-type mice. In conclusion, MBP decreases epithelial barrier function and in this manner contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Does early initiation of therapeutic plasma exchange improve outcome in pediatric stem cell transplant–associated thrombotic microangiopathy? (2012)

This is the first report evaluating TPE response in regard to procedure initiation time after TA-TMA diagnosis. Our data suggests that early initiation of TPE might be beneficial even in patients with multiorgan failure due to TA-TMA.
Removal of sign-extension circuitry from Booth's algorithm multiplier–accumulators (1990)

A technique for converting the partial products in a modified Booth's algorithm multiplier from two's complement form to unsigned form, therefore eliminating the need for sign-extension circuitry is described. A proof is provided and an example of a multiply–accumulator given.
Physical chemistry of native cellulose (1957)

Abstract The knowledge of the physical chemical properties of cellulose and the laws of their alteration during the growth of natural filaments is very important for scientifically increasing the production of natural cellulose filaments. While dealing with cotton growing we have been continuously performing the physical chemical investigation of natural cellulose. The results obtained may be summarized as follows. Cellulose appears in the cotton tissue together with the flower and pod and not several days after blossoming, as is the general opinion to be encountered in the literature. The synthesis of cellulose in cotton is at first very slow, showing an acceleration by the 15th day after bloom with a subsequent slow‐down again and complete cessation approximately on the 40th day after bloom. Thus the characteristic curve of cellulose accumulation in cotton has an S‐shaped form. The natural cellulose of an early age has a very low degree of polymerization which later, by the 25th to 30th day after bloom, shows an abrupt increase and remains almost stable. The filament then almost completely consists of α‐cellulose. The kinetics of the polymerization and accumulation of cellulose is connected with the ripening period of cotton under investigation and makes it possible to predict the time of the ripening of pods. Early cellulose is very porous, it easily hydrolyzes, and has a higher sorption capacity and heat of solution than the cellulose of a mature age. However, the tightness of packing of the natural cellulose evaluated in terms of water sorption and heat of solution in water, reaches its maximum in the vegetation period, i.e. , approximately on the 40th day of the maturation of filaments. The gradual increase in tightness of cellulose packing and its drop after 40 days can be accounted for if we consider the possibility of synthesis in all layers of the secondary wall of the filament, i. e. , throughout the tissue of cellulose and not only in the channel of the filament. The main physicochemical and technological properties of cellulose bodies are the functions of the tightness of molecular packing of cellulose. The tightness of packing may vaccilate within a very broad range depending on the conditions of biosynthesis or processing.
Preparation of p-Vinylphenyl Thioacetate,<sup>1</sup> its Polymers, Copolymers and Hydrolysis Products. Water-soluble Copolymers Containing Sulfhydryl Groups<sup>2</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of p-Vinylphenyl Thioacetate,1 its Polymers, Copolymers and Hydrolysis Products. Water-soluble Copolymers Containing Sulfhydryl Groups2C. G. Overberger and Alexander LebovitsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 18, 4792–4797Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01599a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01599a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views329Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microfungi from <i>Carpinus caroliniana</i> (1991)

The microfungal flora and community structure of the bark of Carpinus caroliniana is described as perceived by a direct isolation method. Twenty-four bark discs were removed from 10 trees at five different sites in New Jersey and West Virginia and applied to three different isolation media. From 1200 bark discs from 50 trees, 155 species of fungi were isolated. The overall recovery rate was 11.5 species/tree. A medium with cycloheximide gave the highest species recovery rates and isolated the highest percentage of all the species recovered. A medium of malt–yeast extract gave the most isolates but lowest species recovery rate. Eleven of the 12 dominant species were preferentially isolated on one of the three isolation media. The community structure of the fungi recovered from Carpinus bark exhibited the typical dominance–diversity curve that has been reported for other saprobic fungal communities. Generally, the floristic composition was similar to the bark of other tree species previously studied in temperate deciduous forests. The total number of isolates was dominated by a few species of ubiquitous epiphytic taxa, but a large percentage of the species recovered appeared either at a single site or on a single tree. Sterile isolates accounted for 39% of the species and Coelomycetes for 13% of the species. The sites from West Virginia had a significantly higher recovery rate of species per tree than the New Jersey sites. In a search for fungi for potential biotechnological applications, bark is an easily utilized and rich resource. Simple isolation methods yield several ecological groups of fungi, including terrestrial epiphytes, soil decomposers, endophytes, entomopathogenic fungi, Ingoldian Hyphomycetes, and decomposer Basidomycetes. Key words: bark, ironwood, isolation methods, microbial diversity.
Essential Oils and Chilling Injury in Lemon (1997)

Release, localization, and concentration of essential oils in chilling-injured and noninjured lemon [ Citrus limon (L.) Burm.] fruit were investigated to enhance understanding of how chilling injury (CI) occurs in lemon. CI in the form of moderate to severe pitting of the flavedo was initially apparent after 3 weeks at 1 °C, followed by a gradual increase in severity until termination of the experiment after 7 weeks at 1 °C. Curing the fruit at 15 °C for 1 week before cold treatment greatly reduced the severity of CI. Release from the fruit of d-limonene, a major component of essential oil in lemon, increased with increasing amounts of CI. The enhancement of d-limonene release, however, lagged behind the development of CI. Studies of the internal anatomy of the flavedo using confocal microscopy indicated that essential oils were abundantly present inside the oil gland and in oil bodies outside the gland. Chilling-injured flavedo exhibited no obvious disruption of either the oil glands or the oil bodies. Extraction and quantification of d-limonene from chilling-injured and noninjured flavedo indicated that similar amounts of oil were present in the tissue, regardless of injury. Damage to the flavedo after 3 weeks at 1 °C was noted in the form of flattened or collapsed cells between the top of the gland and the epidermis, whereas collapse of the oil gland only was observed in later stages of injury development.
A Fusion Cytokine Coupling GMCSF to IL9 Induces Heterologous Receptor Clustering and STAT1 Hyperactivation through JAK2 Promiscuity (2013)

Cytokine receptors are randomly distributed on the cell surface membrane and are activated upon binding of their extracellular ligands to mediate downstream cellular activities. We hypothesized that pharmaceutical clustering of ligand-bound, activated receptors may lead to heretofore unrealized gain-of-function with therapeutically desirable properties. We here describe an engineered bifunctional cytokine borne of the fusion of Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GMCSF) and Interleukin-9 (IL9) (hereafter GIFT9 fusokine) and demonstrate that it chaperones co-clustering of the functionally unrelated GMCSF receptor (GMCSFR) and IL9 receptor (IL9R) on cell surface of target cells. We demonstrate that GIFT9 treatment of MC/9 cells leads to transhyperphosphorylation of IL9R-associated STAT1 by GMCSFR-associated JAK2. We also show that IL9R-associated JAK1 and JAK3 augment phosphorylation of GMCSFR-linked STAT5. The functional relevance of these synergistic JAK/STAT transphosphorylation events translates to an increased mitogenic response by GMCSFR/IL9R-expressing primary marrow mast cells. The notion of inducing heterologous receptor clustering by engineered fusokines such as GIFT9 opens the door to a novel type of biopharmaceutical platform where designer fusokines modulate cell physiology through clustering of targeted receptor complexes.
Random Projections for Sparse Channel Estimation and Equalization (2006)

The estimation and equalization of highly sparse wideband channels with large delay spreads is a challenging problem. The optimal maximum likelihood solution of this problem is computationally prohibitive and we must resort to sub-optimal solutions. In this paper we study the effect of the assumed number of nonzero taps, the length of the training sequence and other parameters, on the performance of one such algorithm. We also discuss an algorithm motivated by recent results in compressed sensing, where the dimension of the problem is reduced by projecting the received data on a relatively low dimensional subspace. The subspace is randomly chosen and does not assume any prior knowledge of the channel.
Effects of Granulocyte Neutral Proteases on Complement Components (1976)

The proteolytic effects of collagenase and elastase from human granulocytes were investigated on the human complement components C3 and C5 in serum and with purified components. The conversion of C3 was analyzed with crossed immunoelectrophoresis as described by Ganrot, and the conversion of C5 was detected with immunoelectrophoresis according to Scheidegger's method. Collagenase converted C3 to C3b but had no detectable effect on C5. Elastase converted C3 to C3b and converted C5 to a C5b-like fragment. The proteolysis by collagenase and elastase in serum was not detectable until the molar ratio for enzyme to the protease inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha2-macroglobulin was greater than 1.
Quantitative analysis of<i>in situ</i>hybridization methods for the detection of actin gene expression (1985)

We have implemented an efficient, quantitative approach for the optimization of in situ hybridization using double-stranded recombinant DNA probes. The model system studied was actin mRNA expression in chicken embryonic muscle cultures. Actin and control (pBR322) probes were nick-translated with p32 labeled nucleotides, hybridized to cells grown on coverslips, and quantitated in a scintillation counter. Cellular RNA retention was monitored via the incorporation of H3-Uridine into RNA prior to cell fixation. Over a thousand samples were analyzed, and among the technical variables examined were the fixation protocol, proteolytic cell pretreatment, the time course of hybridization, saturation kinetics, hybridization efficiency, and effect of probe size on hybridization and network formation. Results have allowed us to develop a reproducible in situ hybridization methodology which is simpler and less destructive to cellular RNA and morphology than other protocols. Moreover, this technique is highly sensitive and efficient in detection of cellular RNAs. Lastly, the rapid quantitative approach used for this analysis is valuable in itself as a potential alternative to filter or solution hybridizations.
Experimental Evaluation of Perfluorocarbon Aerosol Generation with Two Novel Nebulizer Prototypes (2019)

The potential of non-invasive ventilation procedures and new minimally invasive techniques has resulted in the research of alternative approaches as the aerosolization for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The aim of this work was to design two nebulizer prototypes and to evaluate them studying the particle size distribution of the inhaled droplets generated with distilled water and two perfluorocarbons (PFCs). Different experiments were performed with driving pressures of 1⁻3 bar for each compound. An Aerodynamic Particle Sizer was used to measure the aerodynamic diameter (Da), the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and the geometric standard deviation (GSD). The results showed that both prototypes produced heterodisperse aerosols with Da mean values in all cases below 5 µm. The initial experiments with distilled water showed MMAD values lower than 9 µm and up to 15 µm with prototype 1 and prototype 2, respectively. Regarding the PFCs, relatively uniform MMAD values close to 12 µm were achieved. The air delivery with outer lumens of prototype 1 presented more suitable mass distribution for the generation and delivery of a uniform aerosol than the two half-circular ring geometry proposed in the prototype 2.
EAML - architecture modeling language for enterprise applications (2005)

A typical enterprise system comprises of a collection of applications that automate a set of business processes developed over time and distributed in distributed locations. Identifying the appropriate set of formal notations to describe the architecture aspects of an enterprise system is a challenge. Existing notations such as UML and popular ADLs serve the purpose partially. This observation has led us to define an architecture modeling language EAML to address the needs of enterprise systems. In this paper we present an overview of EAML notations and propose a set of views (expressed as diagrams) that uses these notations to describe the architecture through an example.
A Miscible WAG Project Using Horizontal Wells in a Mature, Offshore, Carbonate Middle East Reservoir (2005)

Abstract This paper summarizes the design, operation, results, and reservoir modeling of a miscible hydrocarbon gas injection pilot using horizontal wells in the Fateh Mishrif, a large carbonate reservoir in an offshore operating environment.The pilot included a single horizontal water-alternating-gas (WAG) injector flanked by two horizontal producers drilled near the base of the reservoir.The three-well pattern was surrounded by four water injectors which provided confinement and pressure control.Produced gas from the field was used for injection without supplemental enrichment. The pilot began operations in 1997. Commencing in 1999, gas was injected in three cycles over a period of four years. A clear incremental oil rate response to the gas injection was first observed in early 2003, peaking with a 400% incremental oil rate increase from the two producers. Pilot results have been history matched with a compositional reservoir model to reconcile reservoir characterization interpretations and to provide prediction of ultimate recovery. Incremental recovery over waterflood operations is predicted to be 6% of original oil-in-place for 0.15 hydrocarbon pore volumes of gas injection.
An Efficient Rank Based Approach for Closest String and Closest Substring (2012)

This paper aims to present a new genetic approach that uses rank distance for solving two known NP-hard problems, and to compare rank distance with other distance measures for strings. The two NP-hard problems we are trying to solve are closest string and closest substring. For each problem we build a genetic algorithm and we describe the genetic operations involved. Both genetic algorithms use a fitness function based on rank distance. We compare our algorithms with other genetic algorithms that use different distance measures, such as Hamming distance or Levenshtein distance, on real DNA sequences. Our experiments show that the genetic algorithms based on rank distance have the best results.
Trefoil peptide expression and secretion is regulated by neuropeptides and acetylcholine (1997)

Trefoil peptides are a family of small proteins expressed by goblet cells that are secreted onto the apical gastrointestinal mucosal surface, where they are present in high concentrations. These peptides appear to both protect the epithelium and promote healing after injury. However, the factors regulating the expression and secretion of these proteins contributing to mucosal defense have not been characterized. To determine the mechanisms controlling production of trefoil peptides, the human colon cancer-derived model cell line HT-29 was exposed to a variety of potential secretagogues. Expression and secretion of human intestinal trefoil factor (hITF) as well as the intestinal apomucin MUC2 were assessed by Northern and Western blot analysis. Carbachol, an analog of acetylcholine, and the neuroendocrine peptides somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) stimulated increased expression of hITF mRNA within 5 min. These same factors stimulated parallel secretion of the hITF peptide, with maximal stimulation observed at concentrations ranging from 10(-6) M (carbachol and somatostatin) to 10(-7) M (VIP). Expression and secretion of hITF in response to carbachol, VIP, and somatostatin was independent of production of apomucin. hITF was not regulated by other neuroendocrine transmitters including histamine and substance P. Similarly, hITF expression and secretion was not modulated by peptide growth factors (epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, and keratinocyte growth factor), cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-7, and IL-11], or arachidonic acid metabolites (prostaglandin E1/E2 and leukotriene B4). In conclusion, trefoil peptides appear to be integrated into mechanisms of mucosal defense and repair through the enteric neuroendocrine system and independent of the classical mucosal immune cytokine network.