gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure and Cheyne-Stokes Respiration during Sleep by Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (1995)

Abstract A previous uncontrolled study suggested that nasal continuous positive airway positive airway pressure (NCPAP) may improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea (CSR-CSA). In order to more critically evaluate the effects of NCPAP on cardiac function, we undertook a randomized, controlled trial of NCPAP in 29 patients with heart failure and CSR-CSA over a 3-mo period, with LVEF as the primary outcome measure. Patients with CHF and associated CSR-CSA who were receiving optimal medical therapy were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 15) or a group receiving nightly NCPAP (n = 14). Twelve patients in each group completed the study. There was a greater improvement of LVEF in the NCPAP group than in the control group during the study (mean +/- SEM = 7.7 +/- 2.5 versus - 0.5 +/- 1.5%, p = 0.019). In addition, there was a significantly greater reduction in the number of apneas and hypopneas (-28.5 +/- 3.9 versus -6.1 +/- 7.0 per hour of sleep, p = 0.012) in the NCPAP group than in the control group. Significantly greater improvements in symptoms of fatigue (5.6 +/- 1.2 versus 0.8 +/- 0.7, p = 0.005) and disease mastery (3.6 +/- 1.1 versus -0.7 +/- 0.7, p = 0.031) were also observed in the NCPAP group. We conclude that in patients with chronic heart failure and CSR-CSA, nightly administration of NCPAP can attenuate CSR-CSA, improve cardiac function, and alleviate symptoms of heart failure.
Crystallization of the α and γ Forms of Isotactic Polypropylene as a Tool To Test the Degree of Segregation of Defects in the Polymer Chains (2002)

The polymorphic behavior of samples of isotactic polypropylene prepared with unbridged oscillating metallocene catalysts is analyzed and compared with the behavior of samples prepared with a chiral isospecific metallocene catalyst having similar amounts of defects of stereoregularity. In the samples prepared with the unbridged catalysts, the amount of γ form, which develops upon melt-crystallization procedures, turns out to be always lower than that in the samples prepared with the chiral isospecific catalyst. This suggests that, in the samples obtained with the unbridged catalysts, the distribution of defects of stereoregularity is not random, the defects being segregated in more stereoirregular regions of the chains, and confirms that these samples are characterized by a stereoblock structure, with long isotactic sequences alternating to atactic or more stereoirregular sequences. An empirical method to establish the degree of segregation of defects along polypropylene chains is suggested.
Constitutively high dNTP concentration inhibits cell cycle progression and the DNA damage checkpoint in yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2007)

In eukaryotic cells the concentration of dNTP is highest in S phase and lowest in G1 phase and is controlled by ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). RNR activity is eliminated in all eukaryotes in G1 phase by a variety of mechanisms: transcriptional regulation, small inhibitory proteins, and protein degradation. After activation of RNR upon commitment to S phase, dATP feedback inhibition ensures that the dNTP concentration does not exceed a certain maximal level. It is not apparent why limitation of dNTP concentration is necessary in G1 phase. In principle, dATP feedback inhibition should be sufficient to couple dNTP production to utilization. We demonstrate that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae constitutively high dNTP concentration transiently arrests cell cycle progression in late G1 phase, affects activation of origins of replication, and inhibits the DNA damage checkpoint. We propose that fluctuation of dNTP concentration controls cell cycle progression and the initiation of DNA replication.
Thermodynamic Properties of Rubidium—Graphite Lamellar Compounds (1966)

Phase equilibria in the rubidium—graphite system were studied by means of the Knudsen effusion method in conjunction with a tracer technique. A new compound, C10Rb, analogous to the compound C10Cs, was observed. Vapor-pressure measurements were made in the various two-phase regions in the rubidium—graphite system at temperatures from 350° to 750°C. Thermodynamic properties were calculated from the data and are compared to the corresponding values in the cesium—graphite system.
Efficient coating of transparent and conductive carbon nanotube thin films on plastic substrates (2008)

Optically transparent and electrically conductive single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) thin films were fabricated at room temperature using a dip-coating technique. The film transparency and sheet resistance can be easily tailored by controlling the number of coatings. Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) was used as an adhesion promoter and, together with surfactant Triton X-100, greatly improved the SWNTs coating. Only five coats were required to obtain a sheet resistance of 2.05 [Formula: see text] and film transparency of 84 %T. The dip-coated film after post-deposition treatment with nitric acid has a sheet resistance as low as 130 [Formula: see text] at 69 %T. This technique is suitable for large-scale SWNT coating at room temperature and can be used on different types of substrates such as glass and plastics. This paper will discuss the role of the adhesion promoter and surfactant in the coating process.
MorteX method for contact along real and embedded surfaces: coupling X-FEM with the Mortar method (2019)

A method to treat frictional contact problems along embedded surfaces in the finite element framework is developed. Arbitrarily shaped embedded surfaces, cutting through finite element meshes, are handled by the X-FEM. The frictional contact problem is solved using the monolithic augmented Lagrangian method within the mortar framework which was adapted for handling embedded surfaces. We report that the resulting mixed formulation is prone to mesh locking in case of high elastic and mesh density contrasts across the contact interface. The mesh locking manifests itself in spurious stress oscillations in the vicinity of the contact interface. We demonstrate that in the classical patch test, these oscillations can be removed simply by using triangular blending elements. In a more general case, the triangulation is shown inefficient, therefore stabilization of the problem is achieved by adopting a recently proposed coarse-graining interpolation of Lagrange multipliers. Moreover, we demonstrate that the coarse-graining is also beneficial for the classical mortar method to avoid spurious oscillations for contact interfaces with high elastic contrast. The performance of this novel method, called MorteX, is demonstrated on several examples which show as accurate treatment of frictional contact along embedded surfaces as the classical mortar method along boundary fitted surfaces.
Distribution and polymorphism of the flagellin genes from isolates of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni (1993)

The complex flagellar filaments of the LIO8 serogroup member Campylobacter coli VC167 are composed of two highly related subunit proteins encoded by the flaA and flaB genes which share 92% identity. Using oligonucleotide primers based on the known DNA sequence of both the flaA and flaB genes from C. coli VC167 in the polymerase chain reaction, we have shown conservation of both fla genes among isolates within the LIO8 heat-labile serogroup by digestion of the amplified product with PstI and EcoRI restriction endonucleases. Amplification and subsequent restriction analysis of the flaA flagellin gene from Campylobacter isolates belonging to 13 different LIO serogroups further identified 10 unique polymorphic groups. Within most of the serogroups examined, isolates appeared to contain flaA genes with conserved primary structures. Only in serogroups LIO11 and LIO29 did independent isolates possess flagellin genes with different primary structures. Furthermore, by employing primers specific for the flaB gene of C. coli VC167, all serogroups examined contained a second fla gene corresponding to flaB. In all serogroups except the LIO5 and LIO6 isolates which were identical to each other, the polymorphic pattern of this flaB gene was identical to that of the corresponding flaA gene. These data indicate that the presence of a second highly homologous flagellin gene is widespread throughout Campylobacter isolates and that in most instances, the primary structure of the two fla genes is conserved within isolates belonging to the same heat-labile LIO serogroup. This may represent the presence of clonal evolutionary groups in Campylobacter spp.
Myocardial blood flow estimated by synchronous, multislice, high-speed computed tomography (1989)

Anesthetized dogs were scanned in the dynamic spatial reconstructor, a fast multislice computed tomographic scanner. In one group of eight dogs, four differently radiolabeled microspheres (1.5 mum diameter) were injected into the left atrium, with each label corresponding to a different hemodynamic condition. The image data collected from this group of dogs were used to develop the algorithm for estimating regional myocardial perfusion from the CT image data. In an additional 11 dogs, three differently labeled microspheres were also injected during different hemodynamic conditions. The image data collected from this second group of dogs were used to prospectively evaluate the accuracy of the algorithm developed from data in the first group of dogs. The results are presented and discussed.
Thermalhydraulics of advanced 37-element fuel bundle in crept pressure tubes (2016)

A CANDU-6 reactor, which has 380 fuel channels of a pressure tube type, is suffering from aging or creep of the pressure tubes. Most of the aging effects for the CANDU primary heat transport system were originated from the horizontal crept pressure tubes. As the operating years of a CANDU reactor proceed, a pressure tube experiences high neutron irradiation damage under high temperature and pressure. The crept pressure tube can deteriorate the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) of a fuel channel and finally worsen the reactor operating performance and thermal margin. Recently, the modification of the central subchannel area with increasing inner pitch length of a standard 37-element fuel bundle was proposed and studied in terms of the dryout power enhancement for the uncrept pressure tube since a standard 37-element fuel bundle has a relatively small flow area and high flow resistance at the central region. This study introduced a subchannel analysis for the crept pressure tubes loaded with the inner pitch length modification of a standard 37-element fuel bundle. In addition, the subchannel characteristics were investigated according to the flow area change of the center subchannels for the crept pressure tubes. Also, it was discussed how much the crept pressure tubes affected the thermalhydraulic characteristics of the fuel channel as well as the dryout power for the modification of a standard 37-element fuel bundle.
In vitro antibacterial activity of KP-736, a new cephem antibiotic (1991)

KP-736, a new cephen antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum and potent antipseudomonal activity, was evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity in comparison with ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and cefpirome. KP-736 was significantly more active than the test compounds against gram-negative bacteria, including the Pseudomonas group and ceftazidime-, cefotaxime-, or imipenem-resistant strains, but less active against gram-positive bacteria. KP-736 had very high affinities for penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP 3) of Escherichia coli K-12 and PBP 1A and PBP 3 of Pseudomonas aerugiosa NCTC 10490 and showed potent bactericidal activities against these two strains. It was stable to hydrolysis by penicillinases and cephalosporinases but was slightly hydrolyzed by oxyiminocephalosporinases and type II penicillinase.
300 V Field-MOS FETs for HV-switching IC (2011)

We have developed 300 V Field-MOS FETs for High-Voltage switching IC. The breakdown voltages are 410 V/370 V with specific on-resistance of 1845/11000 mΩ·mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for Field-NMOS/PMOS FETs, respectively. The vertical and lateral electric fields are both optimized to maximize a breakdown voltage at wide range of substrate voltages and minimize a specific on-resistance with a device layout optimization by introducing a Field Pate and a Extended-Drain layer. This technology can apply to 300 V High-Voltage switching IC with a low leak current and a low switching resistance.
Full wafer macro-CD imaging for excursion control of fast patterning processes (2010)

A powerful new inspection technology enables the excursion control of fast patterning processes. Full images of 300mm wafers are captured and processed to extract CD uniformity information of contact hole and line-space patterns. Suitable masking filters are applied to process and analyze the information from active logic and/or memory areas separately. Characteristic process tool signatures can then be detected based on die, exposure field and wafer-level pattern variations. Based on inspection times of a few seconds per wafer, rapid monitoring of 100% of processed wafers at full surface is feasible. CD-imaging is demonstrated for the monitoring of key patterning process steps in gate formation. Use cases for stand-alone, integrated and smart sampling strategies are discussed.
Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase as a Criterion for Determining Biological Availability of Phosphorus for Swine2 (1983)

One hundred thirty-nine pigs, with an average initial weight of 15.9 kg, were used in three trials to evaluate plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) as a criterion for estimating available P in feedstuffs for swine. The first two trials were designed to determine the effect of adding graded levels of P (as KH2PO4) to a basal diet on the AP response pattern and degree of linear fit with time. Plasma AP increased (P less than .05) with time and, when regressed on the concentration of total P (.26 to .50%), provided the best linear fit by d 14 (r = -.996). This high degree of fit was maintained through d 21 (r = -.983). The poor correlation observed at 7 d (r = -.828) indicated that the AP pattern was not fully established, whereas departure from the close association by 28 d (r = -.913) may be related to a decline in the magnitude of P deficiency with increasing weight. In a third trial, available P was determined in high moisture corn (HMC, 24.6% moisture) using both AP and bone breaking strength (BKS) as response criteria. A standard curve was established by supplementing the basal diet (.26% P, .65% Ca) with graded levels of KH2PO4. High moisture corn was substituted for dextrose on an equal dry matter basis. Blood samples were acquired on d 14 and 21 for AP analysis and pigs were killed on d 28 for determination of metatarsal BKS. Phosphorus from HMC was determined (slope-ratio technique) to be 41.3% available using BKS as the criterion (KH2PO4, r = .961; HMC, r = .994) and 43.8% when AP at 14 d was used (KH2PO4, r = -.988; HMC, r = -.999). The data indicate that AP is a sensitive index potentially useful in P availability studies.
The acoustic background noise of an operating liquid metal fast breeder reactor, EBR-II (2005)

The Upper Plenum Acoustic Experiment (UPAE) at the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) has obtained acoustic data pertinent to the understanding of the reactor ambient noise background. The primary purpose of these measurements was to characterize the noise background as a function of reactor operating state. These data provide a basis for the system design and normality criteria for an acoustic surveillance system. The experiment was composed of an acoustic probe with three high temperature lithium niobate microphones and one waveguide in the upper plenum, one microphone and waveguide in the outer pool of sodium and accelerometers on the primary pumps and key structural members. Data has been obtained and analyzed as a function of reactor flow. An empirical correlation with total volumetric flow is presented. The background noise spectra, and probability density are presented and the significant features of these data are discussed in terms of flow induced vibrations, pump noise and reactor internal transmission properties.
Geometrical Feature Extraction for Robust Speech Recognition (2006)

Visual information from lip contour has been successfully shown to improve the robustness of automatic speech recognition especially in noisy environments. In this paper, a novel method for lip reading is presented. In the method, hue information of input images is used for lip area detection. Then, a set of morphological operations is applied to detect lip contour. Polynomial fitting is designed for geometrical feature extraction. With the extracted features, hidden Markov models and Gaussian mixture models are trained to recognize speech. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method improved speech recognition rates in noisy environment. Another advantage of the method is its robustness to lighting variances
Decomposidon technique for fixed channel assignment problems in mobile radio networks (2000)

The paper is concerned with the possibility of using a decomposition technique to solve fixed channel assignment (FCA) problems. The main idea is first to transform and then to decompose the original large FCA problem into a number of smaller-size connected integer linear programming (ILP) sub-problems. A sequential branch-and-bound algorithm is then used to solve optimally and efficiently the sub-problems. The computational results obtained when the technique is applied to a number of different benchmark problems confirm that the proposed technique is computationally efficient in solving large-scale FCA problems and that it is capable of significantly reducing the computation time involved. The technique also makes it possible in some cases to solve large-scale FCA problems.
Acyl-Adenylate Motif of the Acyl-Adenylate/Thioester-Forming Enzyme Superfamily:  A Site-Directed Mutagenesis Study with the <i>Pseudomonas </i>sp. Strain CBS3 4-Chlorobenzoate:Coenzyme A Ligase (1997)

4-Chlorobenzoate:coenzyme A (4-CBA:CoA) ligase catalyzes 4-chlorobenzoyl-coenzyme A formation in a two-step reaction consisting of the adenylation of 4-chlorobenzoate with adenosine 5'-triphosphate followed by acyl transfer from the 4-chlorobenzoyl adenosine 5'-monophosphate diester intermediate to coenzyme A. In this study, two core motifs present in the Pseudomonas sp. strain CBS3 4-CBA:CoA ligase (motif I, 161T-S-G-T-T-G-L-P-K-G170, and motif II, 302Y-G-T-T-E306) and conserved among the sequences representing the acyl-adenylate/thioester-forming enzyme family (to which the ligase belongs) were tested for their possible role in substrate binding and/or catalysis. The site-directed mutants G163I, G166I, P168A, K169M, and E306Q were prepared and then subjected to steady-state and transient kinetic studies. The results, which indicate reduced catalysis of the adenylation of 4-chlorobenzoate in the mutant enzymes, are interpreted within the context of the three-dimensional structure of the acyl-adenylate/thioester-forming enzyme family member, firefly luciferase.
Basis for the Exclusion of <i>Escherichia coli</i> from the Rumen Ecosystem (1965)

The possible causes for the exclusion of Escherichia coli from the rumen ecosystem were investigated. Evidence presented indicates that oxidation-reduction potential, temperature, pH, CO(2), volatile fatty acids, traces of heavy metals, and bacteriophage are not environmental factors which select against E. coli in the rumen ecosystem. The feeding of nutrients utilizable by E. coli to an artificially inoculated continuous-culture rumen ecosystem did not prevent the washout of the E. coli from the continuous cultures. The presence of an inhibitor of E. coli growth was demonstrated. High concentrations of rumen fluid (50 to 100%) were necessary to inhibit growth in Antibiotic Medium 3. The inhibitor may operate to control the growth of E. coli in the rumen ecosystem. Because of the presence of an inhibitor, the possibility that rumen fluid is deficient in nutrients to support the growth of E. coli cannot be eliminated.
세형동검 단계 중국 동북지역의 동과와 동모 (2013)

세형동검 단계 중국 동북지역에서 확인되는 재지계 동과와 동모는 중원계 동과와 동모를 모티브로 제작되었으나 형식학적 특징이나 구조 등을 보면 요령지역 세형동검이나 한국식의 동과·동모와도 밀접하게 관련되어 있다. 세형동검문화 속의 중원계 동과는 연대적인 의미뿐만 아니라 매장의례 측면에서 접근해 볼 필요성도 있다. 중원계 동모는 단독 외에 戟刺로 사용되는 것도 있어 출토맥락 등을 고려해야 한다. 遼寧式銅戈는 기원전 400년경 요서 서부지역에서 동검 제작기술 바탕 위에 燕式 동과를 수용하여 출현하였으며(우도구형), 기원전 300년경 요동 동부지역까지 파급되어 한국식동과와 거의 같은 형태로 변화한다(포자연형). 다만 기존에 주목했던 포자연형(포자연식)은 사격자문이 채용되어 있는 有文銅戈여서 한국식동과의 초기 형식과 바로 연결시켜 볼 수 없다. 그러므로 한국식동과의 직접적인 조형은 문양 없는 포자연형(망강촌식)으로 볼 수 있고, 이를 고려하면 출현시기를 기원전 3세기 전엽으로 볼 수 있다. 柳葉形銅모는 요하 이동지역에서 기원전 4세기 후반 이후 등장하여 엽맥문이 채용되는 등의 변화과정을 거치면서 전한시기까지 사용된다. 細身形銅모는 전국 후기의 燕式 동모에서 비롯되었으며, 한국식 동모의 초기 형식과 흡사하여 그 직접적인 조형으로 판단된다. 한국식동모는 한국식동과와 거의 동시기에 등장했을 가능성이 있다. 세형동검 단계 요동 동부지역과 서북한지역에는 여러 속성에서 대비되는 동검, 동과, 동모 등의 무기류와 다뉴조세문경 등이 확인된다. 이를 고려하면 기원전 3세기대 세형동검문화는 청천강을 경계로 단절되지 않고, 요동 동부지역의 세형동검문화와 서북한지역의 한국식(세형)동검문화로 분지되어 있었다고 할 수 있다. 이런 측면에서 ‘세죽리-연화보유형’은 燕의 문화이고, 한국식(세형)동검문화는 古朝鮮의 문화라는 관점은 재고해야 한다.
Lacto-<i>N</i>-Tetraose, Fucosylation, and Secretor Status Are Highly Variable in Human Milk Oligosaccharides From Women Delivering Preterm (2012)

Breast milk is the ideal nutrition for term infants but must be supplemented to provide adequate growth for most premature infants. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are remarkably abundant and diverse in breast milk and yet provide no nutritive value to the infant. HMOs appear to have at least two major functions: prebiotic activity (stimulation of the growth of commensal bacteria in the gut) and protection against pathogens. Investigations of HMOs in milk from women delivering preterm have been limited. We present the first detailed mass spectrometric analysis of the fucosylation and sialylation in HMOs in serial specimens of milk from 15 women delivering preterm and 7 women delivering at term using nanohigh performance liquid chromatography chip/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A mixed-effects model with Levene's test was used for the statistical analyses. We find that lacto-N-tetraose, a core HMO, is both more abundant and more highly variable in the milk of women delivering preterm. Furthermore, fucosylation in preterm milk is not as well regulated as in term milk, resulting in higher within and between mother variation in women delivering preterm vs term. Of particular clinical interest, the α1,2-linked fucosylated oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose, an indicator of secretor status, is not consistently present across lactation of several mothers that delivered preterm. The immaturity of HMO production does not appear to resolve over the time of lactation and may have relevance to the susceptibility of premature infants to necrotizing enterocolitis, late onset sepsis, and related neurodevelopmental impairments.
Anaesthetic Contamination (1973)

of dealing with the problem of anaesthetic contamination.This venting system has been in use for over six monthes in two operating theatres.Although the whole problem of operating theatre pollution seems to merit further in- vestigation, it is clear that until such time as the agent causing the possible deleterious effect on operating theatre personnel is identified all the anaesthetic gases and vapours should be vented from the operating room.-Iam, etc.