gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parsing algorithms based on tree automata (2009)

We investigate several algorithms related to the parsing problem for weighted automata, under the assumption that the input is a string rather than a tree. This assumption is motivated by several natural language processing applications. We provide algorithms for the computation of parse-forests, best tree probability, inside probability (called partition function), and prefix probability. Our algorithms are obtained by extending to weighted tree automata the Bar-Hillel technique, as defined for context-free grammars.
American society for apheresis guidelines on the use of apheresis in clinical practice: Practical, concise, evidence‐based recommendations for the apheresis practitioner (2014)

The 6th Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice published by the American Society of Apheresis provide practical, concise, and evidence based guidance for the apheresis medicine practitioner. The overall format of the Guidelines has remained unchanged with the 6th edition, compared to the 5th edition, with enhancements in the committee process of creating the guidelines. Because of changes in the writing committee structure, a number of changes have occurred in the ASFA category and recommendation grade for the use of apheresis in the treatment for a number of previously categorized clinical indications. In addition, eight new indications for apheresis, twenty three new clinical situations for previously categorized diseases, and ten new apheresis treatments for previously categorized disorders have been added. The 6th Guidelines continue to be an invaluable resource for those involved in apheresis medicine.
Temporal evolution of amplitude restoration and thresholding in an all-optical regenerative memory (1999)

Abstract In this paper, we experimentally measure the temporal evolution of amplitude restoration and thresholding in an all-optical regenerative memory. The memory architecture comprises two coupled all-optical switching gates and different wavelength optical pulses are used for clock and data sources. The all-optical gates are nonlinear interferometers incorporating semiconductor optical amplifiers as the nonlinear optical material. The concatenated response of these nonlinear interferometers provides the required square top transmission function that allows the stored optical pulses to be equalized in amplitude. The edge of the transmission function forms the threshold for pulse storage in the memory. We input a variable amplitude data packet into the memory and record the temporal evolution of the pulses with a fast real-time digitizing oscilloscope. Complete amplitude restoration of the pulses occurs after ∼5 circulations of the optical fibre memory loop. This measurement is in good agreement with the theoretical prediction and indicates that the square top transmission response could also be achieved for data ‚on the fly‘ with a linear concatenation of only a few all-optical switching gates.
Effect of ac Impedance on dc Voltage-Current Characteristics of Superconductor Weak-Link Junctions (1968)

Because the Josephson pair current in a weak-link superconductor junction is a nonlinear parametric function of junction voltage, the ac impedance seen by the junction influences both the response time to changes in bias and the dc voltage-current characteristics. The first effect is obvious; the second, considered here, has not been generally recognized. Both are relevant to device design. Two special cases which illustrate the basic principles involved are worked out in detail; they correspond, respectively, to ac capacitive and inductive loading. The results partly explain differences in the dc voltage-current characteristics of plane-parallel and point-contact junctions.
Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 Directly Phosphorylates the 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) Serotonin Receptor, Thereby Modulating 5-HT2A Signaling (2008)

The 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptor is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily (GPCR) and plays a key role in transducing a variety of cellular signals elicited by 5-hydroxytryptamine in both peripheral and central tissues. Despite its broad physiological importance, our current understanding of 5-HT(2A) receptor regulation is incomplete. We recently reported the novel finding that the multifunctional ERK effector ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) physically interacts with the 5-HT(2A) receptor third intracellular (i3) loop and modulates receptor signaling (Sheffler, D. J., Kroeze, W. K., Garcia, B. G., Deutch, A. Y., Hufeisen, S. J., Leahy, P., Bruning, J. C., and Roth, B. L. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103, 4717-4722). We report here that RSK2 directly phosphorylates the 5-HT(2A) receptor i3 loop at the conserved residue Ser-314, thereby modulating 5-HT(2A) receptor signaling. Furthermore, these studies led to the discovery that RSK2 is required for epidermal growth factor-mediated heterologous desensitization of the 5-HT(2A) receptor. We arrived at these conclusions via multiple lines of evidence, including in vitro kinase experiments, tandem mass spectrometry, and site-directed mutagenesis. Our findings were further validated using phospho-specific Western blot analysis, metabolic labeling studies, and whole-cell signaling experiments. These results support a novel regulatory mechanism in which a downstream effector of the ERK/MAPK pathway directly interacts with, phosphorylates, and modulates signaling of the 5-HT(2A) serotonin receptor. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to demonstrate that a downstream member of the ERK/MAPK cascade phosphorylates a GPCR as well as mediates cross-talk between a growth factor and a GPCR.
Fault localization for data-centric programs (2011)

In this paper we present an automated technique for localizing faults in data-centric programs. Data-centric programs primarily interact with databases to get collections of content, process each entry in the collection(s), and output another collection or write it back to the database. One or more entries in the output may be faulty. In our approach, we gather the execution trace of a faulty program. We use a novel, precise slicing algorithm to break the trace into multiple slices, such that each slice maps to an entry in the output collection. We then compute the semantic difference between the slices that correspond to correct entries and those that correspond to incorrect ones. The "diff" helps to identify potentially faulty statements.
Complete 3D model reconstruction using two types of depth sensors (2010)

We propose a fast and simple application system of 3D model reconstruction. We acquire range images by using a combination of a regular camera and two types of depth sensors. The reconstruction of a 3D model consists of four key steps: (i) Initial alignment either feature tracking or the 4-points congruent sets algorithm is used to align surfaces captured at different frames. (ii)The iterative closest point (ICP) method is applied to further align the piecewise surfaces from the last step. (iii) The surfaces are merged into a whole 3D model by the volumetric method. (iv) In the refinement step, we fill holes and produce a complete 3D model that approximates the original model with robust repair of polygonal models. At last, we present the experimental results which show that the errors between our reconstructed model and the ground truth are less than 1%.
Power allocation for multi-point joint transmission with different node activeness (2013)

We study the power allocation problem for the downlink of a cooperative system with different node activeness, i.e., each receiving node requests for data transmission according to a certain probability. Data symbols of the active nodes are jointly transmitted from cooperative transmission points using zero-forcing precoding. The problem is cast in form of maximizing the ergodic achievable rate subject to per-transmit-point average total power constraints. The derived power allocation indicates that depending on the channel conditions and receiving nodes' activation probability, the optimal solution takes the form of either greedy power allocation or power sharing allocation.
An Introduction to Machine Translation. (2009)

This tutorial is for people who are beginning to evaluate how well machine translation will fit their needs or who are curious to know more about how it is used. We assume no previous knowledge of machine translation. We focus on background knowledge that will help you both get more out of the rest of AMTA2010 and to make better decisions about how to invest in machine translation. Past participants have ranged from tech writers and freelance translators who want to keep up to date to VPs and CEOs who are evaluating technology strategies for their organizations. The main topics for discussion are common FAQs about MT (Can machines really translate? Can we fire our translators now?) and limitations (Why is the output so bad? What is MT good for?), workflow (Why buy MT if it’s free on the internet? What other kinds of translation automation are there? How do we use it?), return on investment (How much does MT cost? How can we convince our bosses to buy MT?), and steps to deployment (Which MT system should we buy? What do we do next?).
CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotides protect mice from Burkholderia pseudomallei but not Francisella tularensis Schu S4 aerosols (2010)

Studies have shown that CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) protect mice from various bacterial pathogens, including Burkholderia pseudomallei and Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS), when administered before parenteral challenge. Given the potential to develop CpG ODN as a pre-treatment for multiple bacterial biological warfare agents, we examined survival, histopathology, and cytokine data from CpG ODN-treated C57BL/6 mice to determine whether previously-reported protection extended to aerosolized B. pseudomallei 1026b and highly virulent F. tularensis Schu S4 infections. We found that, although CpG ODN protected mice from aerosolized B. pseudomallei challenges, the immunostimulant failed to benefit the animals exposed to F. tularensis Schu S4 aerosols. Our results, which contrast with earlier F. tularensis LVS studies, highlight potential differences in Francisella species pathogenesis and underscore the need to evaluate immunotherapies against human pathogenic species.
How<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>copes with toxic metals and metalloids (2010)

Toxic metals and metalloids are widespread in nature and can locally reach fairly high concentrations. To ensure cellular protection and survival in such environments, all organisms possess systems to evade toxicity and acquire tolerance. This review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to metal toxicity, detoxification and tolerance acquisition in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We mainly focus on the metals/metalloids arsenic, cadmium, antimony, mercury, chromium and selenium, and emphasize recent findings on sensing and signalling mechanisms and on the regulation of tolerance and detoxification systems that safeguard cellular and genetic integrity.
Next challenges for adaptive learning systems (2012)

Learning from evolving streaming data has become a 'hot' research topic in the last decade and many adaptive learning algorithms have been developed. This research was stimulated by rapidly growing amounts of industrial, transactional, sensor and other business data that arrives in real time and needs to be mined in real time. Under such circumstances, constant manual adjustment of models is in-efficient and with increasing amounts of data is becoming infeasible. Nevertheless, adaptive learning models are still rarely employed in business applications in practice. In the light of rapidly growing structurally rich 'big data', new generation of parallel computing solutions and cloud computing services as well as recent advances in portable computing devices, this article aims to identify the current key research directions to be taken to bring the adaptive learning closer to application needs. We identify six forthcoming challenges in designing and building adaptive learning (pre-diction) systems: making adaptive systems scalable, dealing with realistic data, improving usability and trust, integrat-ing expert knowledge, taking into account various application needs, and moving from adaptive algorithms towards adaptive tools. Those challenges are critical for the evolving stream settings, as the process of model building needs to be fully automated and continuous.
Utility-Scale Solar 2012: An Empirical Analysis of Project Cost, Performance, and Pricing Trends in the United States (2013)

years. Over this same short period, CSP also experienced a bit of a renaissance in the United States, with a number of large new parabolic trough and power tower systems – some including thermal storage – achieving commercial operation. With this critical mass of new utility-scale projects now online and in some cases having operated for a number of years (generating not only electricity, but also empirical data that can be mined), the rapidly growing utility-scale sector is ripe for analysis. This report, the third edition in an ongoing annual series, meets this need through in-depth, annually updated, data-driven analysis of not just installed project costs or prices – i.e., the traditional realm of solar economics analyses – but also operating costs, capacity factors, and power purchase agreement ("PPA") prices from a large sample of utility-scale solar projects in the United States. Given its current dominance in the market, utility-scale PV also dominates much of this report, though data from CPV and CSP projects are presented where appropriate.
Powder neutron diffraction studies of Zn-doped magnetite (1999)

We report on systematic neutron powder diffraction measurements of the temperature dependence of the crystal structure for the (x < 0.036) series. Time-of-flight data were collected on the spallation source ISIS (RAL, UK) between 4.2 and 270 K for samples showing different orders of the Verwey transition. The change of transition order is accompanied by the clear difference in the characteristic low temperature rhombohedral distortion. Namely, this distortion is independent of the dopant concentration for samples undergoing a first order Verwey transition, while the distortion for samples showing second order transition is much smaller and gradually diminishes with increasing Zn content. This distinct behaviour is linked to a change of atomic ordering from a well defined configuration for the first order regime to a dynamically changed arrangement for highly doped magnetite. This points to a close connection between the order of the Verwey transition and crystal lattice properties.
High-speed image rotator for blur-canceling roll camera (2015)

We developed an optical high-speed image rotation controller and realized a high-speed roll camera that is able to cancel the rotational motion blur of a rotating target. This system is composed of a hollow motor, a Dove prism, and a high-speed camera and controls optical image rotation according to the target rotation by using high-speed image processing. This so-called optical lever formed of the Dove prism worked effectively also for a high-speed rotating target, and our prototype system shows that rotational motion blur was suppressed to 0.125 [°] at 1420 [r/min].
Cleaning Characteristics of Contaminated Imaging Optics Using 172 nm Radiation (2007)

We evaluated the cleaning characteristics of a 172 nm excimer lamp. The 172 nm excimer lamp was used to irradiate contaminated samples under different conditions, such as various irradiance distances, irradiance environments and atmospheric O2 flow rates that enhance the removal rate. As results, we found the most suitable conditions, which are the absence of surface damage and increasing temperature by irradiation with the 172 nm excimer lamp. Using these conditions, we carried out the cleaning of the Schwarzchild optics used for extreme ultraviolet microscopes. Before cleaning, the total reflectivity of the Schwarzchild optics was only 2.5% because of the adhesion of contamination. However, it was restored to a reflectivity of more than 30% by cleaning. The reflectivity of the Schwarzchild optics was restored to its initial value. We found that 172 nm excimer lamps are very effective for the removal of contamination.
The Effects of an Amino Acid Supplement on Glucose Homeostasis, Inflammatory Markers, and Incretins after Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass (2011)

An amino acid supplement had no effect on the early postoperative incretins after LGB. It may have a negative influence on glucose kinetics and degree of inflammation. Future studies are needed to clarify these effects.
Separation and Determination of Magnolol and Honokiol in Crude and Burn-Fried<i>Magnolia officinalis</i> (1997)

Abstract The application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to the separation and determination of the two active ingredients, magnolol and honokiol, in Magnolia officinalis and its processed product was described. Optimum separation was achieved with a fused-silica capillary tube(60.5cm × 75μm I.D.) and a Na2B4O7-NaH2PO4 buffer(20 mmol/L) at pH=9.0 containing 20% of methanol. The applied voltage was 20 kV and the capillary thermostating temperature was kept constant at 25 deg;C.
Synthesis of diethyl N-dodecylphosphoramidate analogs as potential inhibitors of dental plaque (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of diethyl N-dodecylphosphoramidate analogs as potential inhibitors of dental plaqueVictor D. Warner, Dale B. Mirth, Adrienne S. Dey, Samuel S. Turesky, and Barbara SolowayCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 10, 1185–1186Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00268a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00268a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Revisiting the chemistry of graphite oxides and its effect on ammonia adsorption (2009)

Graphite oxide (GO) was synthesized using two different methods: one with sulfuric acid as part of the oxidizing mixture (Hummers–Offeman method) and another one without the sulfur-containing compound involved in the oxidation process (Brodie method). They were both tested for ammonia adsorption in dynamic conditions, at ambient temperature, and characterized before and after exposure to ammonia by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, potentiometric titration, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and elemental analysis. Analyses of the initial materials showed that besides epoxy, hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, a significant amount of sulfur is incorporated as sulfonic group for GO prepared by the Hummers–Offeman method. The process of ammonia adsorption seems to be strongly related to the type of GO. For GO prepared by the Brodie method, ammonia is mainly retained via intercalation in the interlayer space of GO and by reaction with the carboxylic groups present at the edges of the graphene layers. On the contrary, when GO prepared by the Hummers method is used, the ways of retention are different: not only is the intercalation of ammonia observed but its reaction with the epoxy, carboxylic and sulfonic groups present is also observed. In particular, during the ammonia adsorption process, sulfonic groups are converted to sulfates in the presence of superoxide anions O2−*. These sulfates can then react with ammonia to form ammonium sulfates. For both GOs, an incorporation of a significant part of the ammonia adsorbed as amines in their structure is observed as a result of reactive adsorption.
<i>Bicycling</i> <i>Science</i> (1977)

First Page
Model selection criteria for short-term microgrid-scale electricity load forecasts (2013)

The electricity grid is evolving from a monolithic centralized system to a smart distributed system, composed of distributed and renewable generation resources, where power supply and demand balancing is needed at a microgrid scale. In this paper, we explore model selection criteria for short-term microgrid-level load predictions. To this end, we experiment with five different models in the context of usage traces from six diverse sites collected over a period of eight months. We find that model selection is heavily influenced by the variability in the data and that models which do not use weather forecast information but rely only on historical usage data perform better on sites with highly variable loads.
Contributions of UP Elements and the Transcription Factor FIS to Expression from the Seven <i>rrn</i> P1 Promoters in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2001)

The high activity of the rrnB P1 promoter in Escherichia coli results from a cis-acting DNA sequence, the UP element, and a trans-acting transcription factor, FIS. In this study, we examine the effects of FIS and the UP element at the other six rrn P1 promoters. We find that UP elements are present at all of the rrn P1 promoters, but they make different relative contributions to promoter activity. Similarly, FIS binds upstream of, and activates, all seven rrn P1 promoters but to different extents. The total number of FIS binding sites, as well as their positions relative to the transcription start site, differ at each rrn P1 promoter. Surprisingly, the FIS sites upstream of site I play a much larger role in transcription from most rrn P1 promoters compared to rrnB P1. Our studies indicate that the overall activities of the seven rrn P1 promoters are similar, and the same contributors are responsible for these high activities, but these inputs make different relative contributions and may act through slightly different mechanisms at each promoter. These studies have implications for the control of gene expression of unlinked multigene families.