gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passive Microfluidic Control of Two Merging Streams by Capillarity and Relative Flow Resistance (2005)

In the progress of microfluidic devices, a simple and precise control of multiple streams has been essential for complex microfluidic networks. Consequently, microfluidic devices, which have a simple structure, typically use external energy sources to control the multiple streams. Here, we propose a pure passive scheme that uses capillarity without using external force or external regulation to control the merging of two streams and even to regulate their volumetric flow rate (VFR). We accomplish this process by controlling the geometry of two inlets and a junction, and by regulating the hydrophilicity of a substrate. Additionally, we use the relative flow resistance to control the VFR ratio of the merged two streams. Our results will significantly simplify the control of multiple streams without sacrificing precision.
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations in troponin I (K183Δ, G203S, K206Q) enhance filament sliding (2003)

A major cause of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is dominant mutations in cardiac sarcomeric genes. Linkage studies identified FHC-related mutations in the COOH terminus of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a region with unknown function in Ca(2+) regulation of the heart. Using in vitro assays with recombinant rat troponin subunits, we tested the hypothesis that mutations K183Delta, G203S, and K206Q in cTnI affect Ca(2+) regulation. All three mutants enhanced Ca(2+) sensitivity and maximum speed (s(max)) of filament sliding of in vitro motility assays. Enhanced s(max) (pCa 5) was observed with rabbit skeletal and rat cardiac (alpha-MHC or beta-MHC) heavy meromyosin (HMM). We developed a passive exchange method for replacing endogenous cTn in permeabilized rat cardiac trabeculae. Ca(2+) sensitivity and maximum isometric force did not differ between preparations exchanged with cTn(cTnI,K206Q) or wild-type cTn. In both trabeculae and motility assays, there was no loss of inhibition at pCa 9. These results are consistent with COOH terminus of TnI modulating actomyosin kinetics during unloaded sliding, but not during isometric force generation, and implicate enhanced cross-bridge cycling in the cTnI-related pathway(s) to hypertrophy.
Canonical pipelining of lattice filters (1987)

A variant of the lattice form is proposed in which delay elements are placed on both the upper (feedforward) path and the lower (feedback) path alternately. Although this new form preserves the fundamental characteristics of the usual lattice form having all the delay elements on the lower (feedback) path, it has some practical advantages. First, it represents a completely pipelined systolic-type array processor. The pipelining is canonical in the sense that no extra delay is introduced, Second, the finite word length performance is shown to be superior to that of the usual lattice form when it is used to implement digital filters of general transfer functions. The theoretical reasoning for this improvement is discussed based on the state-space representation. It is also shown that the new lattice form is topologically equivalent to the wave digital filter composed of the unit elements, which gives the physical ground of this new form.
MonkeyBridge: Autonomous Agents in Augmented Reality Games (2005)

*Contact email address: bara @ icg.tu-graz.ac.at MonkeyBridge is a collaborative Augmented Reality (AR) game employing autonomous animated agents embodied by lifelike, animated virtual characters and “smart ” physical objects. The game serves as a pilot application to examine how “smart” software and hardware components capable of observing and reacting to events in the physical and virtual world can be useful in AR applications. We describe the implementation details of our test setups as well as how autonomous agents offer a rich gaming experience in AR games.
Leveraging a Feedback-Control Model for Application Adaptation (2005)

With the increased use of “Virtual Machines” (VMs) as vehicles that isolate applications running on the same host, it is necessary to devise techniques that enable multiple VMs to share underlying resources both fairly and efficiently.To that end, one common approach is to deploy complex resource management techniques in the hosting infrastructure.Alternately, in this paper, we advocate the use of selfadaptation in the VMs themselves based on feedback about resource usage and availability.Consequently, we define a “Friendly” VM (FVM) to be a virtual machine that adjusts its demand for system resources, so that they are both efficiently and fairly allocated to competing FVMs.Such properties are ensured using one of many provably convergent control rules, such as Additive-Increase/MultiplicativeDecrease (AIMD).By adopting this distributed applicationbased approach to resource management, it is not necessary to make assumptions about the underlying resources nor about the requirements of FVMs competing for these resources.To demonstrate the elegance and simplicity of our approach, we present a prototype implementation of our FVM framework in User-Mode Linux (UML)—an implementation that consists of less than 500 lines of code changes to UML.We present an analytic, control-theoretic model of FVM adaptation, which establishes convergence and fairness properties.These properties are also backed up with experimental results using our prototype FVM implementation.
Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2010)

This systematic review shows a relative scarcity of controlled clinical trials assessing the efficacy of punctal occlusion therapy in dry eye. Although the evidence is very limited, the data suggest that silicone plugs can provide symptomatic relief in severe dry eye. Moreover, temporary collagen plugs appear similarly effective to silicone plugs on a short-term basis.
The use of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (aODNs) for the therapy of cancer. (1991)

Although specific cancer targets are difficult to identify, the recent development of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (aODNs) as inhibitors of gene expression has been shown to provide a new and useful tool in antiblastic management. aODNs are able to specifically interact with gene or mRNA sequences and inhibit the expression of relevant molecules for cancer pathogenesis and progression. Since alpha-DNA polymerase (pol-alpha) plays an essential role in cell proliferation, aODNs to pol-alpha have been synthesized in order to block mRNA translation and affect the growth of MDA-MB 231, human breast cancer cell line and SW626 ovarian cancer cells. A rapid colorimetric test (MTT assay) which measures cell growth and survival has been employed to evaluate the effects induced by ODN treatment. The present experimental results demonstrate that the aODNs to pol-alpha are able to significantly affect cell proliferation. This study provides an encouraging basis for the exploitation of ODNs as therapeutic agents in vitro and in future clinical application.
Stereoselective Transformations Leading to Pentono-1,4-Lactones1 (1996)

ABSTRACT The readily available 2, 3-O-isopropylidene-D-erythrose has been stereoselectively transformed into L-ribono and D/L lyxonolactone derivatives via dihydroxylation, iodolactonisation and epoxidation. Also D-ribono-1,4-lactone was converted into L-lyxono-1,4-lactone. These lactones are considered as important starting materials for the synthesis of several chiral compounds. Our observations during these transformations are also presented.
Interworking and the IN platform; detailing the development of the GSM CAMEL standard for interworking IN (1998)

GSM pan-European digital cellular service began rollout in 1991; this service built on the success of the analogue mobile services available in the early eighties. With improvements in coverage and increased capacity, the priority of GSM operators has now changed with service capabilities being given higher priority. A wide range of standardised supplementary services is now available with GSM Phase 2. The GSM infrastructure has proved to be successful, allowing the introduction of these services without the need for extensive change. However, this assumes that the market only requires standardised services. Whilst this may have been the case at the beginning it is not now. To increase their market share and revenue the network operators need to be able to differentiate their services by offering advanced and value added services. To support such flexibility the service control/creation aspects of GSM are too restrictive. The integration of IN capabilities (known as CAMEL-Customised Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic) is seen as the solution to this problem, it would also provide a bridge to future evolution towards UMTS. This paper describes CAMEL. It examines the requirements for introducing IN into GSM and considers the benefits which IN can bring to the GSM environment.
Carbon Nanotube FET Technology for Radio-Frequency Electronics: State-of-the-Art Overview (2013)

Carbon-based electronics is an emerging field. Its present progress is largely dominated by the materials science community due to the many still existing materials-related obstacles for realizing practically competitive transistors. Compared to graphene, carbon nanotubes provide better properties for building field-effect transistors, and thus, have higher chances for eventually becoming a production technology.
Compatibility of polycrystalline silicon gate deposition with HfO2 and Al2O3/HfO2 gate dielectrics (2002)

Polycrystalline-silicon (poly-Si) gate compatibility issues with HfO2 and Al2O3 capped HfO2 gate dielectrics are reported. It can be generally stated that chemical vapor deposition (CVD) silicon gates using silane deposited directly onto HfO2 results in electrical properties much worse compared to similar HfO2 films using platinum metal gates. However, depositing CVD silicon gates directly onto Al2O3 capped HfO2 showed greater than a 104 times reduction in gate leakage compared to the poly-Si/HfO2 and poly-Si/SiO2 controls of similar electrical thickness.
Depth-First Worst-Fit Search based multipath routing for data center networks (2012)

Modern data center networks (DCNs) often use multi-rooted topologies, which offer multipath capability, for increased bandwidth and fault tolerance. However, traditional routing algorithms for the Internet have no or limited support for multipath routing, and cannot fully utilize available bandwidth in such DCNs. In this paper, we study the multipath routing problem for DCNs. We first formulate the problem as an integer linear program, but it is not suitable for fast on-the-fly route calculation. For a practical solution, we propose the Depth-First Worst-Fit Search based multipath routing algorithm. The main idea is to use depth-first search to find a sequence of worst-fit links to connect the source and destination of a flow. Since DCN topologies are usually hierarchical, our algorithm uses depth-first search to quickly traverse between hierarchical layers to find a path. When there are multiple links to a neighboring layer, the worst-fit link selection criterion enables the algorithm to make the selection decision with constant time complexity by leveraging the max-heap data structure, and use a small number of selections to find all the links of a path. Further, worst-fit also achieves load balancing, and thus generates low queueing delay, which is a major component of the end-to-end delay. We have evaluated the proposed algorithm by extensive simulations, and compared its average number of link selections and average end-to-end delay with competing solutions. The simulation results fully demonstrate the superiority of our algorithm and validate the effectiveness of our designs.
Comparative analysis of cardiac troponin i and creatine kinase‐MB as markers of acute myocardial infarction (1997)

cTnI is an excellent marker for detecting and ruling out AMI, because it has better specificity and a wider diagnostic window than the accepted standard, CK-MB.
Superparamagnetic Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1990)

GUNDERSEN, H. G. PHD; BACH-GANSMO, T. PHD; HOLTZ, E. PHD; FAHLVIK, A. K. PHD; BERG, A. PHD Author Information
Analysis and design of two-phase interleaved LLC resonant converter considering load sharing (2009)

Recently, the LLC series resonant converter (LLC-SRC) is widely used for many applications because it has many advantages over other power converters. However, it is difficult to apply this topology to high current applications because the current ripple stress on the output capacitor becomes severely high. Nevertheless, it is possible to reduce the output current ripple drastically as employing the interleaved technique. However, to ensure output current sharing, multiphase interleaved LLC-SRC causes design difficulty of resonant tanks, which consists of magnetizing inductance (LM), resonant inductance (LR), and resonant capacitance (CR). In this paper, design consideration to ensure output current sharing of multiphase interleaved LLC-SRC is proposed. In order to verify proposed design consideration, the laboratory experiments are executed and discussed with a 480 W prototype.
A Dynamic Mechanism for Wholesale Energy Market: Stability and Robustness (2014)

In this paper, a dynamic model of the wholesale energy market that captures the effect of uncertainties of renewable energy sources and real-time pricing with demand response is derived. Beginning with a framework that includes real-time pricing as an underlying state, an attempt is made in this model to capture the dynamic interactions between generation, demand, locational marginal price (LMP), and congestion price near the equilibrium of the optimal dispatch. Conditions under which stability of the market can be guaranteed are derived. Modeling the effect of renewable energy resources (RERs) and demand response as perturbations, robust stability of the energy market model in the presence of such perturbations is discussed. Numerical studies of an IEEE 30-bus are reported to illustrate the effect of transmission lines constraints on the wholesale market stability in the presence of wind power.
Translational evidence that impaired autophagy contributes to arterial ageing (2012)

Ageing causes arterial endothelial dysfunction that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of autophagy, the cellular process of recycling damaged biomolecules, in endothelial dysfunction with ageing. In older humans, expression of autophagy markers in arterial endothelial cells was impaired by ∼50% (P <0.05) and was associated with an ∼30% (P <0.05) reduction in arterial endothelium-dependent dilatation (EDD). Similarly, in C57BL/6 control mice ageing was associated with an ∼40% decrease (P <0.05) in arterial markers of autophagy and an ∼25% reduction (P <0.05) in EDD. In both humans and mice, impaired EDD was mediated by reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and was associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation (P <0.05). In old mice, treatment with the autophagy-enhancing agent trehalose restored expression of autophagy markers, rescued NO-mediated EDD by reducing oxidative stress, and normalized inflammatory cytokine expression. In cultured endothelial cells, inhibition of autophagy increased oxidative stress and reduced NO production, whereas trehalose enhanced NO production via an autophagy-dependent mechanism. These results provide the first evidence that autophagy is impaired with ageing in vascular tissues. Our findings also suggest that autophagy preserves arterial endothelial function by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation and increasing NO bioavailability. Autophagy-enhancing strategies may therefore have therapeutic efficacy for ameliorating age-associated arterial dysfunction and preventing CVD.
Design of a novel regulated cascode current mirror (2015)

In this paper, a novel regulated cascode current mirror is proposed. In proposed structure cascode stage is used to enhance the output impedance of existing regulated cascode current mirror. A feedback loop is used to stabilize the output current. Output impedance of proposed circuit is three times improved and power dissipation is same as existing regulated cascode current mirror at the cost of high systematic gain error. The output current is mirrored with a transfer error less than 1% when the input current is increased from Zero to Twenty micro ampere that's why the proposed circuit can be used for low power application.
Collective atomic effects in resonance fluorescence: Dipole-dipole interaction (1979)

The resonance fluorescence of a two-atom system interacting collectively with an intense driving field is studied. The first-order dispersion forces, or dipole-dipole interaction, between the atoms is included as well. The scattered-light spectrum is found to differ considerably from the single-atom spectrum even for very intense driving fields, in direct contrast with the results obtained by Agarwal et al., who studied the two-atom system but neglected the dipole-dipole interaction. The effects of collective scattering are calculated on the fluorescence spectra of idealized beams of atoms moving with uniform velocity, for a number of different number densities $〈N〉$.
Approaches to Reducing CVT Belt Annoying Noise (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Rubber continuously variable transmission (CVT) belts are extensively applied in automotive industry. The tones of belt ‘whistle’ noise, which vary with belt transmission speed during low- and high-ratio operations, annoy drivers, especially when the throttle is closed and the vehicle is in motoring condition. In this study, two types of scooters with different cylinder volumes are taken as examples to cope with this problem for reducing belt noise.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In the investigation, the varying order of CVT belt noise based on engine revolution speed can be exactly tracked. Thus the whistle-like noise can be confirmatively identified as CVT belt noise. Some design parameters of the CVT-belt and -structure, which influence the radiation of this annoying noise, are examined as well. To suppress CVT belt noise, some useful design modifications are made and justified.</div>
Helium Gas Purification System Using Permeation Membrane (1974)

Helium gas has not been producing in Japan because we have no domestic helium gas resource, and we are importing it entirely from the United States of America and Canada.Therefore, in case of using large quantity of helium gas, it has been recovering and purifing the used impure helium gas coming from laboratory, because it compares favorably with buying the new helium gas from the view point of cost.Conventionally, helium gas recovery and purification system was cryogenically carried out through the condensation and adsorption processes with liquid nitrogen.The new system herein introduced, however, can operate at ambient temperature and high pressure using the permeation membrane.Theoretical analysis of purifier and actual data analysis are described in this paper, and also performance characteristic of the system are mentioned.
Case studies of survivable ring, mesh and mesh-arc hybrid networks (2003)

A quantitative comparison of pure ring and pure mesh survivable network alternatives in a metropolitan study network is provided. The results lead to the development of B-DCS technology to convert the capacity efficiency of mesh restoration methods into economic advantages. An architecture for cooperative interworking between ADM and DCS nodes to realize a survivable access and transport network is introduced. The concept of a survivable arc (as opposed to a pure ring) for cooperative interworking between ADM-based ring and DCS-based mesh restoration technologies is illustrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimal Cooperative Reconnaissance Using Multiple Vehicles (2006)

A study on multivehicle trajectory planning for cooperative reconnaissance problems is presented. Specifically, this work develops understanding and insights into how vehicles cooperate in reconnaissance type missions in which target information is maximized. The performance metric used to guide the cooperation study is the amount of information, defined using the Fisher information matrix, that the sensing vehicles gather over their planned trajectory. A receding horizon optimal control formulation is developed and solved for trajectories that yield maximum information. High-risk zones and vehicle/terminal constraints are also are considered. Trends include the following: 1) vehicles with nonsymmetric sensors tend to triangulate as they get close to the target; 2) vehicles tend to move toward stationary targets as quickly as possible; 3) the addition of a third vehicle exhibits at least 50% less performance improvement than the addition of the second vehicle, and even less for nonsymmetric sensors; 4) optimization for multiple vehicles and targets is a strong function of target to target distances and sensor uncertainty symmetry; and 5) short planning horizons are preferable for moving targets.
Model-driven metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli : a systems biology approach (2008)

Most analyses of genome-wide association data consider each variant independently without considering or adjusting for the genetic background present in the rest of the genome. New approaches to genome analysis use representations of genomic sharing to better account for confounding factors like population stratification or to directly approximate heritability through the estimated sharing of individuals in a dataset. These approaches use mixed linear models, which relate genotypic sharing to phenotypic sharing, and rely on the efficient computation of genetic sharing among individuals in a dataset. This unit describes the principles and practical application of mixed models for the analysis of genome-wide association study data. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Discovery of cross-reactive probes and polymorphic CpGs in the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 microarray (2013)

DNA methylation, an important type of epigenetic modification in humans, participates in crucial cellular processes, such as embryonic development, X-inactivation, genomic imprinting and chromosome stability. Several platforms have been developed to study genome-wide DNA methylation. Many investigators in the field have chosen the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation microarray for its ability to reliably assess DNA methylation following sodium bisulfite conversion. Here, we analyzed methylation profiles of 489 adult males and 357 adult females generated by the Infinium HumanMethylation450 microarray. Among the autosomal CpG sites that displayed significant methylation differences between the two sexes, we observed a significant enrichment of cross-reactive probes co-hybridizing to the sex chromosomes with more than 94% sequence identity. This could lead investigators to mistakenly infer the existence of significant autosomal sex-associated methylation. Using sequence identity cutoffs derived from the sex methylation analysis, we concluded that 6% of the array probes can potentially generate spurious signals because of co-hybridization to alternate genomic sequences highly homologous to the intended targets. Additionally, we discovered probes targeting polymorphic CpGs that overlapped SNPs. The methylation levels detected by these probes are simply the reflection of underlying genetic polymorphisms but could be misinterpreted as true signals. The existence of probes that are cross-reactive or of target polymorphic CpGs in the Illumina HumanMethylation microarrays can confound data obtained from such microarrays. Therefore, investigators should exercise caution when significant biological associations are found using these array platforms. A list of all cross-reactive probes and polymorphic CpGs identified by us are annotated in this paper.