gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliable normalization in resume information extraction (2008)

In this thesis the subject of reliable normalization in Information Extraction is discussed, specifically for the normalization of extracted items out of people's resumees. A meta-classifier approach is presented, which is based on the Memory Based Learning (MBL) implementation of the k-Nearest Neigbor Algorithm. To investigate whether this approach is a practical solution to reliable normalization a literature study is done on the subject and various experiments on domain-specific data sets were conducted. It is shown that the meta-classifier approach in combination with the MBL algorithm is one of the fastest implementations in comparison to other reliability measures and classifier algorithms. The meta-classifier is able to reach an F2-score of 86.1% on randomly created test sets.
VIZIR: an integrated environment for distributed program visualization (2002)

VIZIR provides an integrated mechanism for on-line debugging, performance analysis, and data visualization of message-passing parallel applications. The current VIZIR includes: (1) a mechanism to multicast window-based commands, message passing and program execution events among tasks; (2) the ability to select groups of tasks to interact these events; (3) a means to report when these events cause errors in the tasks; and (4) ad hoc visualization of distributed arrays using existing visualizers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antiproliferative Activity of Pomiferin in Normal (MCF-10A) and Transformed (MCF-7) Breast Epithelial Cells (2011)

Pomiferin and osajin are prenylated isoflavones from Osage orange fruit that both have potent antioxidant activity in a variety of assays. Pomiferin, in particular, has strong activity against the superoxide anion in a photochemiluminescence (PCL) assay system. In vitro, pomiferin, but not osajin, demonstrated selective antiproliferative activity against the tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line MCF-7 (IC(50) = 5.2 μM) with limited toxicity toward nontumorigenic breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). The differential sensitivity of normal and tumorigenic cells to the antiproliferative action of pomiferin was examined further by using cDNA microarrays. With a stringent cutoff of p < 0.01, a total of 94 genes were significantly differentially expressed between MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells; 80 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated when cells were exposed to 5 μM pomiferin for 24 h. Fold changes by microarray analysis were confirmed using RT-qPCR, and the most significant changes were found with genes related to antioxidant enzymes. Genes involved in mitotic inhibition and apoptotic regulations were also found to be up-regulated. Pomiferin is therefore a good anticancer candidate agent that may be useful either alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents and, because of its selectivity toward tumor cells, likely to have fewer side effects that classic chemotherapy drugs.
Muscular dystrophies due to glycosylation defects (2011)

Improved understanding of the molecular bases of dystroglycanopathies will lead to more precise diagnosis and genetic counseling; therapeutic strategies are being developed and tested in the preclinical models and it is hoped that these observations will pave the way to therapeutic interventions in humans.
Thermodynamic Studies of PbS in Copper Mattes (1st Report) (1970)

Thermodynamics of copper mattes in Cu2S-PbS system and copper saturated-mattes in Cu2S-PbS-Cu system were studied in the temperature range from 1, 150°C to 1, 250°C.The vapor pressures of PbS or Pb in these mattes of various compositions were measured by the dew point method and the thermodynamic functions were calculated from this experimental data.In Cu2S-PbS system, the activity curve of PbS deviates positively from Raoult's law in the mole fraction range of PbS from 0 to 0.3, negatively from Raoult's law in the mole fraction range of PbS from 0.3 to 1 and the activity curve of Cu2S deviates positively from Raoult's law. The values of activity coefficient, γ are 0.3-3.0 for PbS and 1.0-1.4 for Cu2S.By using these activity data, free energy change, enthalpy and entropy change of mixing, and chemical potentials of PbS, Cu2S in Cu2S-PbS system were obtained. In Cu2S-PbS-Cu system, the activity curve of Pb deviates from Raoult's law and activity coefficient was found to be 1.4-3.7 at 1, 200°CThe distribution of Pb into two liquid phases, matte phase and metal phase, in Cu2S-PbS-Cu system was measured by chemical analysis of these phases and were shown by distribution coefficient LPb (LPb=Pb wt% in matte/Pb wt% in metal) or L'Pb (L'Pb=Pb mol% in matte/Pb mol% in metal). The value of Lpb or L'pb was 3.8 and 9.6 at 1, 200°C.
Molecular Weight Measurements of Polyacrylic Acid (1962)

4種のポリアクリル酸試料, すなわち紫外線照射で重合した未分別試料および熱重合試料を分別した3種のフラクションについて, 光散乱測定から得られた重量平均分子量Mωおよび数平均分子量Mηと文献記載の粘度式を用いて得られた粘度平均分子量Mνを比較し, Mω>Mμ>Mηの関係が成り立つことを確認した。測定した極限粘度数[η]の対数をMω, Mηの対数に対してプロットして, つぎの粘度式を得た。NaPA-1mo1/l NaCl[η]=3.75×10-4×Mω0.64 (100ml/g, 25℃)[η]=4.57×10-4×Mη0.87 (100ml/g, 25℃)0NaPA-2N NaOH[η]=1.05×10-3×Mω0.54 (100ml/g, 25℃)また光散乱測定から得られた盟甜と翌館の比から各試料の分子量分布についても考察した。
Present Status and Problems on Safety Evaluation Codes for Fast Reactors (1970)

This report summarizes the present status on the safety evaluation codes for fast reactors, and indicates the regions where more studies are called for to increase the reliability of these analyses.Anomalies occurring in reactor operation are analyzed under the headings of (1) reactor stability, (2) credible accidents, and (3) hypothetical accidents. Under the first heading, a discussion is given on a model and codes to evaluate reactor stability including the bowing effect of fuel subassemblies, which might introduce a positive temperature coefficient. Under the second heading, a typical computational model and codes for credible accident analysis such as EXCURS and FORE II are described, and an account is given of efforts to develop codes that can deal more precisely with the space dependent effect. Under the third heading, a description is given of a method of analyzing an accident in which a fast reactor core melts and collapses. The usefulness of the modified Bethe-Tait analysis is discussed in this connection.Codes to treat phenomena that follow a nuclear burst (such as sodium fire and fission product release) are briefly presented. Finally. a discussion is given on problems calling for further development to improve safety analyses.
Computed Tomography: Principles, Design, Artifacts, and Recent Advances (2015)

Introduction Preliminaries Image Reconstruction Image Presentation Key Performance Parameters of a CT Scanner Major Components of CT Scanner Image Artifacts: Appearances, Causes, and Corrections Computer Simulation and Analysis. Helical or Spiral CT Multislice CT X-ray Dose and Reduction Techniques Advanced CT Applications.
Permutation codes: achieving the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (2004)

This paper considers reliable communication over a parallel (correlated) fading channel for short periods of time. We derive a code design criterion by taking a compound channel viewpoint of the outage capacity of the channel. Motivated by the criterion, we show existence of simple codes that achieve the optimal diversity-multiplexing tradeoff curve, introduced recently in (Zheng, L et al., 2003), simultaneously for every correlated parallel channel. We demonstrate a code with simple encoding and decoding for a parallel channel with two diversity branches. The codes for the parallel channel can be used on a correlated MIMO channel by using the DBLAST architecture to simultaneously achieve the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff curve for arbitrary fading channels.
Identification of viridans streptococci associated with bacteraemia in neutropenic cancer patients (1994)

Twenty-three viridans streptococcal isolates from pyrexial neutropenic patients with various malignant diseases were studied in a comprehensive identification scheme. Fourteen isolates were identified as Streptococcus oralis, five as S. mitis and two as S. salivarius but the remaining two could not be identified reliably. The virulence mechanisms associated with the ability of these species to survive and grow in vivo require further investigation but may involve the production of specific glycosidase and proteolytic enzyme activities.
Literature and Science as Modes of Expression. Ed. by <i>Frederick Amrine </i>with an introduction by <i>Stephen J. Weininger.</i> (1993)

Article Literature and Science as Modes of Expression. Ed. by Frederick Amrine with an introduction by Stephen J. Weininger. was published on January 1, 1993 in the journal Arbitrium (volume 11, issue 1).
Highly uniform SOI fabrication by applying voltage during KOH etching of bonded wafers (2002)

Presents a new technique for thinning SOI bonded wafers by applying voltage during KOH etching. The SOI surface is etched by KOH, and voltage is applied between the supporting substrate and etchant. As a result, etching stops automatically at a certain thickness corresponding to the applied voltage. Conventional MIS etch stopping requires an additional electrode at the SOI surface, and also requires an extra process to provide good ohmic contact at the electrode. Moreover, as it is difficult to apply uniform voltage over a large area SOI active layer, an area with a diameter of only several millimeters can be thinned uniformly. Other techniques, such as scanning of limited area plasma etching and other etch stopping techniques have been proposed to make thin uniform SOI bonded wafers. Most of these techniques, however, involve relatively expensive processes such as plasma thinning, epitaxy and ion implantation. This paper proposes a low-cost etch stopping process for bonded SOI that allows variation of less than /spl plusmn/0.1 /spl mu/m in 150mm /spl phi/ wafers.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease c 2: Pathology and biochemistry of emphysema (2002)

The pathology and pathogenesis of emphysema are reviewed, with particular reference to the proteinase-antiproteinase hypothesis.
The New Ontologies: The Effect of Copyright Protection on Public Scientific Data Sharing Using Semantic Web Ontologies, 10 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 181 (2010) (2010)

The semantic web is going to become an important tool for scientists who need to accurately share data given context through structured relationships. The structure that defines contextual relationships on the semantic web is known as an ontology; which is a hierarchical organization of a knowledge domain that contains entities and their relations. This paper seeks to answer whether semantic web ontologies are protectable by copyright, and regardless of the outcome, what the best practices are for the scientific community. The best practices for the scientific community should include the adoption of a machine readable ontology license which disclaims copyright protection for publication of public scientific data to assure automation of the integration of ontologies and to maximize easy access to public science materials that can be queried. Sharing and information is essential for scientists and failure to address the possibility of ontologies as a possible constraint to public data access could result in data fragmentation and lost scientific opportunities. The ability of the semantic web to annotate and reuse data relies on the social structure of science supporting data sharing as a norm and as an extension of this norm, open licensing of ontologies should be embraced.
A Comparative Study on Electrochemical Micromachining of n-GaAs and p-Si by Using Confined Etchant Layer Technique (2006)

The confined etchant layer technique has been applied to achieve effective three-dimensional (3D) micromachining on n-GaAs and p-Si. This technique operates via an indirect electrochemical process and is a maskless, low-cost technique for microfabrication of arbitrary 3D structures in a single step. Br(2) was electrogenerated at the mold surface and used as an efficient etchant for n-GaAs and p-Si; l-cystine was used as a scavenger, for both substrates. The resolution of the fabricated microstructure depended strongly on the composition of the electrolyte, and especially on the concentration ratio of l-cystine to Br(-). A well-defined, polished Pt microcylindrical electrode was employed to examine the deviation of the size of the etched spots from the real diameter of the microelectrode. The thickness of the confined etchant layer can be estimated, and thus the composition of the electrolyte can be optimized for better etching precision. The etched patterns were approximately negative copies of the mold, and the precision of duplication could reach the micrometer level for p-Si and the submicrometer level for n-GaAs. Although the same etchant (Br(2)) and scavenger (l-cystine) were used in the etching solutions for GaAs and Si, the etching process, or mechanism, is completely different in the two cases. Compared with the fast etching process on GaAs in an etching solution with a concentration ratio of 3:1 of l-cystine to Br(-), the concentration ratio needs to be 50:1 for etching of Si. For the micromachining of Si, the addition of a cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, CTACl) is necessary to reduce the surface tension of the substrate and hence reduce the influence of evolution of the byproduct H(2). The function of the surfactant CTACl in comparison with an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) was studied in contact-angle experiments and micromachining experiments and then is discussed in detail.
Effect of Statistical Clock Skew Variations on Chip Timing-Yield (2005)

Integrated circuit design with sub-100nm technology requires closer attention to the effect of process variations on circuit timing. In a previous work, we had developed a method of statistical timing analysis in which the effect of process variations on circuit timing is assessed, given a generic logic path in a target design technology. In this work, we extend that previous work in an important way by incorporating into the analysis the effect of clock skew. The resulting model captures both die-to-die and within-die process variations, in both logic and clock paths, it handles within-die correlation using principal component analysis, and it leads to an expression for the resulting timing yield. Among other uses, this allows one to compute how much reduction one will see in the timing yield, for a given clock skew variance.
Learning automata-based receiver conflict avoidance algorithms for WDM broadcast-and-select star networks (1996)

The increasing bandwidth demands of the emerging new generation of computer communication networks have led to the utilization of optical fiber as a transmission medium. A new receiver conflict avoidance algorithm for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) broadcast-and-select star networks is introduced. The proposed algorithm is based on the use of learning automata in order to reduce the number of receiver conflicts and, consequently, improve the performance of the network. According to the proposed scheme, each node of the network is provided with a learning automaton; the learning automaton decides which of the packets waiting for transmission will be transmitted at the beginning of the next time slot. The asymptotic behavior of the system, which consists of the automata and the network, is analyzed and it is proved that the probability of choosing each packet asymptotically tends to be proportional to the probability that no receiver conflict will appear at the destination node of this packet. Furthermore, extensive simulation results are presented, which indicate that significant performance improvement is achieved when the proposed algorithm is applied on the basic DT-WDMA protocol.
Cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis (2008)

In summary, recent years have opened our eyes to the extensive grey matter involvement in multiple sclerosis. Studies on the pathogenesis of cortical demyelination, cortical damage, and repair will elucidate basic principles of multiple sclerosis lesion formation. However, more sensitive imaging tools are required to study the impact of cortical lesions on clinical symptoms, disability, and disease progression.
CXCL10 ( ) and CCL2 ( ) chemokines in systemic sclerosis a longitudinal study (2007)

Our study demonstrates high serum levels of CXCL10 (Th1) and CCL2 (Th2) chemokines in newly diagnosed SSc. High values of CXCL10 are associated with a more severe clinical phenotype (lung and kidney involvement). CXCL10 declined during the follow-up, while CCL2 remained unmodified, suggesting that the disease progresses from the early Th1 inflammatory condition to the advanced Th2-like stage.
Lipopolysaccharide Induces Inflammatory Hyperalgesia Triggering a TLR4/MyD88-Dependent Cytokine Cascade in the Mice Paw (2014)

Inflammatory pain can be triggered by different stimuli, such as trauma, radiation, antigen and infection. In a model of inflammatory pain caused by infection, injection in the mice paw of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist, produces mechanical hyperalgesia. We identify here the TLR4 linked signaling pathways that elicit this response. Firstly, LPS paw injection in wild type (WT) mice produced mechanical hyperalgesia that was not altered in TRIF-/- mice. On the other hand, this response was absent in TLR4 mutant and MyD88 null mice and reduced in TNFR1 null mice. Either an IL-1 receptor antagonist, anti-KC/CXCL1 antibody, indomethacin or guanethidine injection also lessened this response. Moreover, LPS-induced time dependent increases in TNF-α, KC/CXCL1 and IL-1β expression in the mice paw, which were absent in TLR4 mutant and MyD88 null mice. Furthermore, in TNFR1 deficient mice, the LPS-induced rises in KC/CXCL1 and IL-1β release were less than in their wild type counterpart. LPS also induced increase of myeloperoxidase activity in the paw skin, which was inhibited in TLR4 mutant and MyD88 null mice, and not altered in TRIF-/- mice. These results suggest that LPS-induced inflammatory pain in mice is solely dependent on the TLR4/MyD88 rather than the TLR4/TRIF signaling pathway. This pathway triggers pronociceptive cytokine TNF-α release that in turn mediates rises in KC/CXCL1 and IL-1β expression. Finally, these cytokines might be involved in stimulating production of directly-acting hyperalgesic mediators such as prostaglandins and sympathomimetic amine.
Biofouling: lessons from nature (2012)

Biofouling is generally undesirable for many applications. An overview of the medical, marine and industrial fields susceptible to fouling is presented. Two types of fouling include biofouling from organism colonization and inorganic fouling from non-living particles. Nature offers many solutions to control fouling through various physical and chemical control mechanisms. Examples include low drag, low adhesion, wettability (water repellency and attraction), microtexture, grooming, sloughing, various miscellaneous behaviours and chemical secretions. A survey of nature's flora and fauna was taken in order to discover new antifouling methods that could be mimicked for engineering applications. Antifouling methods currently employed, ranging from coatings to cleaning techniques, are described. New antifouling methods will presumably incorporate a combination of physical and chemical controls.
Antidiabetic agent pioglitazone increases insulin receptors on 3T3‐L1 adipocytes (1995)

Abstract Pioglitazone and other antidiabetic thiazolidinediones appear to overcome insulin resistance by affecting an unidentified early event in insulin action. Because attempts to determine changes in insulin receptors in tissues from thiazolidinedione‐treated diabetic animals are complicated by drug‐induced reduction of hyperinsulinemia and consequent receptor up‐regulation, 3T3‐L1 cells were utilized here as an in vitro model system. After the excess insulin required for optimal differentiation of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes was removed from the culture medium, there was an increase in specific binding of insulin to the cell surface that was further augmented 25 and 47% in cells treated with pioglitazone for 12 and 24 h, respectively (EC 50 about 0.6 μM, maximal at 5–25 μM). Pioglitazone increased the number of insulin receptors without changing binding affinity. Specific IGF‐I binding was not affected by pioglitazone in the 3T3‐L1 cells. Glycerol 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity, a marker of adipocyte differentiation, was also increased in a dose‐dependent manner by pioglitazone (maximal at 10–25 μM). Tunicamycin, which inhibits the N‐linked glycosylation of newly synthesized insulin receptors that is required for their translocation to the cell surface, decreased specific insulin binding by about 50% after 24 h, and this decrease remained unchanged when pioglitazone was simultaneously present. Pioglitazone increased not only cell surface insulin receptors, but also total cellular insulin receptors (quantitated either by specific insulin binding or by immunoblotting) and insulin receptors mRNA. In addition, among several structurally related thiazolidinediones there was a positive correlation between in vivo antihyperglycemic activity and their ability to increase insulin binding in vitro, suggesting a possible common molecular mechanism for these actions. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Research of Doppler velocity interferometer system for laser-driven shock wave (2005)

VISAR is an effective tool to measure very high-speed motion objects. However, because of the limitation of response speed of the detector, it is unable to resolve the number of shifting fringes in a very short time at the beginning of motion of the object, which lead to a question of fringe lost. The Double-sensitivity VISAR is one of ways to solve the question. In this article, we advance an improved double-sensitivity VISAR that only uses a set of velocity interferometer and detection system.
A GaAs MMIC based successive detection logarithmic amplifier (2003)

A six-stage successive detection logarithmic amplifier (SDLA) is described in which each stage is a GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) incorporating RF amplification, detection, and a novel video summation technique, using standard 0.5 mu m process FETs and Schottky diodes. The circuit has a dynamic range of 80 dB at 3.8 GHz with linearity of +or-1 dB and power dissipation of 4.0 W.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alternating-current Light Emitting Diodes with a Diode Bridge Circuitry (2007)

Most solid-state light emitting devices operate under direct current (DC) condition now. We report the alternating current (AC) light emitting devices fabricated with a diode bridge circuitry which is also made of light emitting diodes (LEDs). The LED bridge circuitry which is flipped on a silicon submount is composed of 4 branches with 7 LED chips and participates as a light emitting component as well. The AC LED can be operated with radiant flux of 0.83 W at an electric power of 8.5 W. This concept could be applied to fabricate compact and economical AC LEDs for a solid-state illumination.