gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
이산화망간이 도입된 폴리피돗 나노물질을 이용한 PC12 세포에서 신경 돌기 성장의 촉진과 생체분자의 감지 (2013)

The PEDOT nanomaterials were fabricated by oxidation polymerization and the MnO2 domains on the PEDOT were formed by redox deposition. The PEDOT/MnO2 nanomaterials accelerate neurite outgrowth in proportion to the dose of the nanomaterials, and the MnO2 domains play an essential role in enhancement effects on differentiation. Futhermore, the nanomaterials were applied as a transducer for label-free real-time monitoring of exocytosed catecholamines from PC12 cells. The dual-functionalized PEDOT/MnO2 nanomaterials can be used in tissue engineering related to the development and monitoring of mammalian nervous systems.
Optimal Real-Time Navigation System: Application to a Hybrid Electrical Vehicle (2012)

In this paper we present an Optimal Real Time Navigation System (ORTNS) implemented on an Android Smart Device capable of calculating the route to destination based on a permanent Internet connection and information flow obtained from SYTADIN, a traffic Information System. A multi-objective criterion is defined in order to offer the drivers different route to destination parameterization. The ORTNS is not only capable of optimal route to destination calculation with respect to traffic state but also makes the vehicle On-Board energy optimization and/or gas emission reduction possible. As an application example we propose a real time energy management for a Hybrid Electrical Vehicle (HEV) composed of batteries and Super-Capacitors (SC). Based on calculated 3D route to destination and average speeds for each road segment the state of charge (SOC) for batteries and Super-Capacitors (SC) for each receding horizon are optimaly predicted and modified in real time.
1.5 mu m multiquantum-well semiconductor optical amplifier with tensile and compressively strained wells for polarization-independent gain (1993)

A multiquantum-well optical amplifier for 1.5- mu m wavelength operation using alternating tensile and compressively strained wells in the active region is described. For each bias level measured, the polarization sensitivity of the amplifier gain is 1 dB or less averaged over the gain bandwidth. This amplifier is suitable for integration with other optical devices in photonic integrated circuits which require polarization-independent gain.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Epidemiology of Nephropathia Epidemica in Sweden (1987)

A comprehensive study of nephropathia epidemica (NE), caused by Puumala virus, was conducted in Sweden. Human sera from residents of various regions of Sweden were examined for antibody to Puumala virus, and the incidence of NE was determined. Small mammals were captured at locations throughout Sweden and were examined for antibody to Puumala virus and for antigen. The human serosurvey found the highest prevalence rates and the highest incidence rates in northern Sweden. The bank vole was found to be the most-abundant rodent, as well as the species most frequently positive for antibody. Antibody-positive voles were restricted to the northern two-thirds of the country, an area corresponding to that where most human disease was noted. These results suggest that the bank vole is the principal host of Puumala virus in Sweden and clearly establish the region near 64 degrees N as highly endemic for NE in humans.
An Effective SIP Security Solution for Heterogeneous Mobile Networks (2009)

With the evolution and penetration of the IP-based core network and the mobile access networks, more and more legacy services are being transferred to the converged and unified IP-based platform. For realizing this transfer, SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) has been adopted by standards bodies for creating, modifying, and terminating multimedia sessions. SIP with application-level mobility support can replace MIP (Mobile IP) to provide a FMC (Fixed Mobile Convergence) solution. Taking the important role of SIP into account, it is critical to fully resolve the SIP security issues including service authentication, confidentiality, and integrity protection on both signaling and data transmission. IPSec (IP Security) and the combination of TLS (Transport Layer Security) and SRTP (Secure Real-time Transport Protocol) are two typical SIP security solutions that can protect signaling and data transmission from various security attacks. However, these security solutions don't consider the issue of mobility support during the handover of mobile nodes among different access networks. This paper, therefore, proposes an effective SIP security solution that realizes SIP security with seamless mobility support across heterogeneous mobile networks. We compare the proposal to existing approaches and show that it better satisfies the SIP security requirements in terms of security, mobility support, and performance.
Atmospheric negative corona discharge using Taylor cone as a liquid cathode (2014)

We examined the characteristics of atmospheric negative corona discharge using a liquid needle cathode. As a liquid needle cathode, a Taylor cone with conical shape was adopted. A micronozzle was filled with liquid, and a plate electrode was placed above the nozzle. By applying a dc voltage between electrodes, a Taylor cone is formed. To change the liquid property, we added sodium dodecyl sulfate to reduce the surface tension, sodium sulfate to increase the conductivity, and polyvinyl alcohol to increase the viscosity, in distilled water. Liquids with a high surface tension such as pure water could not form a Taylor cone. When we reduced the surface tension, a Taylor cone was formed and a stable corona discharge was observed at the tip of the cone. When we increased viscosity, a liquid filament protruding from the solution surface was formed and corona discharge was observed along the filament at a position 0.7–1.0 mm above the tip of the cone. Increasing the conductivity resulted in the higher light intensity of the corona and the lower corona onset voltage. Using a Taylor cone, different types of corona discharge were observed by changing the property of the liquid.
Control of process-induced damages in self-assembled porous silica /Cu damascene interconnects for 45nm node and beyond (2005)

New methods to recover process-induced damages of a self-assembled non-periodic porous silica (k=2.1) film were developed for Cu/low-k damascene interconnects for 45nm technology node and beyond. It is shown that process-induced damages can be suppressed by employing 1,3,5,7-tetra-methylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS) vapor annealing after dry etching, by using a new suppressor for a Cu plating solution, and by post Cu-CMP cleaning with ethanol. Time-dependent dielectric breakdown lifetime of the non-periodic porous silica/Cu damascene was evaluated to be more than 10 years.
Monolithic Dual-Gate GaAs FET Digital Phase Shifter (1982)

The design, fabrication, and characterization of a fully monolithic FET digital phase-shifter circuit is described. The circuit is designed around a unique dual-gate FET structure operating as a switchable single-pole, double-throw amplifier. Each 2.5 X 3.0-mm chip has one bit (e.g., 22.5°, 90°, etc.) of phase control. The circuit, which includes all dc bypass circuitry on-chip, features thin-film lumped element capacitors and inductors, air-bridge crossovers and interconnects, via-hole frontside grounding, and integral beam leads. The fabrication of these elements is described in some detail. The phase-shifter circuit gives a peak gain of 3 dB across a 10-percent bandwidth in X-band. A method of achieving continuous phase and amplitude control using a 90° bit chip is described. Finally, phase performance of a four-bit digital phase shifter realized by cascading four monolithic active phase-shifter chips is reported.
Investigation Into the Mechanism of Stimulation of Macrophages by Quadrol (1987)

Enhanced glucose utilization was observed in continuous cultures of macrophages in medium containing 4mM Quadrol, [N,N,N',N',Tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine]. This enhancement was both time and concentration dependent. Radiolabeled 4mM Quadrol, after incubation with macrophages for 60 minutes, was shown to be associated with the cells at a level of 4 nmoles/10(6) cells. This association increased linearly with time, reaching a maximum at 60 minutes with no observable difference after 24 hours. Trypsin-EDTA treatment of these macrophages for 15 minutes reduced the amount of Quadrol associated with cells by about 50%. Quadrol, unlike Ca Ionophore A23187, did not induce influx of 45Ca into the cells within the incubation period of 60 minutes. Quadrol methacrylate and Poly(Quadrol methacrylate) stimulated macrophages to exhibit increased phagocytosis of polystyrene beads. This stimulation was comparable to that observed for Quadrol.
Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Rhodopsin Replacement Provides Therapeutic Benefit in Mice with a Targeted Disruption of the Rhodopsin Gene (2009)

The rhodopsin gene (RHO) encodes a highly expressed G protein-coupled receptor that is central to visual transduction in rod photoreceptors. A suite of recombinant 2/5 adeno-associated viral (AAV) RHO replacement vectors has been generated in an attempt to recapitulate endogenous rhodopsin levels from exogenously delivered AAV vectors in the retina of mice with a targeted disruption in the rhodopsin gene (Rho(-/-) mice). Approximately 40% of wild-type mouse rhodopsin mRNA levels (RNA taken from whole retinas) was achieved in vivo in AAV-RHO-injected eyes, representing approximately 50-fold increases in expression compared with the initial vector. The main focus of this study was to test whether expression of AAV-RHO replacement in Rho(-/-) mice provided therapeutic benefit, which to date had not been achieved. Rho(-/-) mice neither elaborate rod outer segments nor have rod-derived electroretinograms (ERGs). Our results indicate for the first time in this model that subretinal AAV-RHO delivery leads not only to RHO immunolabeling but the generation of rod outer segments as evaluated by light and transmission electron microscopy. Improved histology was accompanied by rod photoreceptor activity as assessed by ERG for at least 12 weeks postinjection. The most efficient AAV-RHO constructs presented in this study provide sufficient levels of RHO to be of therapeutic benefit in Rho(-/-) mice and therefore represent important steps toward generating potent AAV-RHO replacement genes for gene therapy in RHO-linked human retinopathies.
Design of plasmonic photonic crystal resonant cavities for polarization sensitive infrared photodetectors (2010)

We design a polarization-sensitive resonator for use in mid-infrared photodetectors, utilizing a photonic crystal cavity and a single or double-metal plasmonic waveguide to achieve enhanced detector efficiency due to superior optical confinement within the active region. As the cavity is highly frequency and polarization-sensitive, this resonator structure could be used in chip-based infrared spectrometers and cameras that can distinguish among different materials and temperatures to a high degree of precision.
Daily Power Output Increase of Over 3% with the Use of Structured Glass in Monocrystalline Silicon PV Modules (2006)

Various types of structured glass have been evaluated in terms of module efficiency and total energy yield. A glass with fine round pits has been selected as optimum as a result of our evaluation taking into account efficiency gain, improved energy yield, outdoor performance and material cost. The benefit from such glass with reduced reflectance is observed through a nominal power boost of around 1%. The largest benefit from this glass, however, is obtained when rays arrive to the front module surface at low incident angles. In this case a power increase of over 15% can be measured, at the early morning and evening hours. Overall, this is translated in an increase in a measured daily energy output of more than 3%, which is a substantial gain in terms of electricity production per module. The benefit can be even larger in installations where the inclination of the module is not optimal as, for instance, on facades. The long-term performance of modules with structured glass has been evaluated in an outdoor monitoring station, showing no accumulation of dust in the glass features even after long periods with complete absence of rains in southern Spain.
The Health of the Polity: Results from a National Sample (1991)

Health status has been held to affect people's political orientations and behavior. Using the 1987 National Opinion Research Center General Social Survey, this paper tests for the existence of that relationship. Results suggest that healthier people are more likely to be conservative and status quo oriented, somewhat more politicized, less alienated, and more active in politics. Results, although modest, support the thesis that health status has an effect on political orientations and behavior.
The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in COVID‐19 patients: a meta‐analysis (2020)

Abstract Evidence from previous coronavirus outbreaks has shown that infected patients are at risk for developing psychiatric and mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. To construct a comprehensive picture of the mental health status in COVID‐19 patients, we conducted a systematic review and random‐effects meta‐analysis to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in this population. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Wanfang Data, Wangfang Med Online, CNKI, and CQVIP for relevant articles, and we included 31 studies ( n = 5153) in our analyses. We found that the pooled prevalence of depression was 45% (95% CI: 37–54%, I 2 = 96%), the pooled prevalence of anxiety was 47% (95% CI: 37–57%, I 2 = 97%), and the pooled prevalence of sleeping disturbances was 34% (95% CI: 19–50%, I 2 = 98%). We did not find any significant differences in the prevalence estimates between different genders; however, the depression and anxiety prevalence estimates varied based on different screening tools. More observational studies assessing the mental wellness of COVID‐19 outpatients and COVID‐19 patients from countries other than China are needed to further examine the psychological implications of COVID‐19 infections.
AMPK activation increases uncoupling protein-3 expression and mitochondrial enzyme activities in rat muscle without fibre type transitions (2003)

The present study examined the effect of chronic activation of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the metabolic profile, including uncoupling protein-3 (UCP-3) and myosin heavy chain (MHC)-based fibre phenotype of rodent fast-twitch tibialis anterior muscle. Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily injections of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a known activator of AMPK, or vehicle (control) for 28 days. After AICAR treatment, UCP-3 expression at the mRNA level was elevated 1.6 ± 0.1-fold (P < 0.006) and corresponded to a 3.3 ± 0.2-fold increase in UCP-3 protein content (P < 0.0001). In addition, the activities of the mitochondrial reference enzymes citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.35), which are known to increase in proportion to mitochondrial volume density, were elevated 1.6-fold (P < 0.006), while the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) was reduced to 80 % of control (P < 0.02). No differences were detected after AICAR treatment in the activities of the glycolytic reference enzymes glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12) or phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11), nor were MHC-based fibre-type transitions observed, using immunohistochemical or electrophoretic analytical methods. These changes could not be attributed to variations in inter-organ signalling by metabolic substrates or insulin. We conclude that an AMPK-dependent pathway of signal transduction does mimic some of the metabolic changes associated with chronic exercise training, but does not affect expression of the MHC-based structural phenotype. Thus, the metabolic and MHC-based fibre types do not appear to be regulated in a co-ordinated way, but may be independently modified by different signalling pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing Photoswitches for Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage (2015)

Abstract Review: 55 refs.
<title>Describing and classifying multimedia using the description logic GRAIL</title> (1996)

Many applications would benefit if media objects such as images could be selected and classified (or clustered) such that 'conceptually similar' images are grouped together by content. This requires that image content be described by some coherent semantic domain model rather than relying on the use of keywords as in most commercial image database systems. However, a description of image contents cannot be predefined by prescribing what should be in the images but must incrementally evolve to link image instances with descriptions of what is actually there. Flexibility is required as the same image may be reused from many different application perspectives, and classified and reclassified by many different, unpredictable, and possibly contradictory interpretations of the same contents. We present preliminary work on the incremental and flexible description of image and video semantic content by the use of a description logic (DL), GRAIL, developed at the University of Manchester. GRAIL progressively bridges the gap between the uninterpreted raw image and the application's semantic domain of 'world' objects by supporting the incremental specification of a schema, the automatic classification of descriptions (and hence images), the notion of 'conceptual similarity' for imprecise queries, multiple granularity of views and reuse. We then present a model for a video database system based on this approach. A primary aim is to determine if GRAIL in particular, and DLs in general, are suitable for such an application.
Feedback Control of Miniature Direct Drive Devices (1993)

We discuss dynamics and control of miniature direct drive actuators, specifically for the two axis spherical pointing motor and for the one axis direct drive finger joint. These actuators can move both accurately and at high speed, however the capabilities of these devices cannot be fully exploited using open loop control techniques. We derive an ideal PID feedback control scheme. Our initial experiments indicate that PID feedback control for the SPM and finger joint is highly feasible and a significant improvement over open loop methods. 1 Introduction Closed loop feedback control of the direct drive finger joint (finger joint) spherical pointing motor (SPM) is necessary in order to realize the full potential speed and accuracy of these devices. This paper reports our early results on using Hall effect sensors to measure the angular position of the finger joint and SPM rotor and also to infer the instantaneous velocity and acceleration measurements necessary for a PID controller. De...
Synthesis and application of bis (tert-butyl)-1-methyl pyrenyl-silyl chloride as a 5'-hydroxyl protecting group for nucleosides and as a fluorescent purification handle in oligonucleotide synthesis (2002)

A fluorescently labelled monomer viz. 5'-O-1, 1-bis-(tert-butyl)-1'-methyl-pyrenyl-silyl-thymidine-3'-phosphoramidite was synthesized. Different sequences were synthesized and were labelled using it and their fluorescence studies were carried out.
<i>N</i>‐Acylureas in Peptide Synthesis: An X‐Ray Diffraction and IR‐Absorption Study (1990)

Abstract An X‐ray diffraction analysts of two N ‐acyl derivatives of symmetrical dialkylureas, N ‐[ N α ‐(benzyloxycarbonyl)‐ L ‐valyl] ‐ N , N ′‐diisopropylurea ( 1 ) and N ‐{ N α( tert ‐butyloxy)carbonyl ‐ L ‐valyl}‐ N ‐ N′ ‐dicyclohexylurea ( 2 ), and one N ‐acyl derivative of an unsymmetrical N‐N′ ‐dialkylurea, N ‐[ N α ‐(benzyloxycarbonyl)‐ L ‐valyl] ‐ N′ ‐( tert ‐butyl)‐ N ‐ethylurea ( 3 ), has been performed. It was established that it is the least hindered O ‐acylisourca N‐atom that attacks intramolecularly the carbonyl group of the N α ‐protected amino acid activated by the unsymmetrical carbodiimide to form the major rearrangement product. The occurrence and nature of intra‐ and intermolecularly Hbonded forms of the N ‐acylureas in the crystal state were also assessed. It was also shown that soluble N ‐acylureas may compete with intermolecular (peptide)NH…OC(peptide) H‐bonds in CH 2 Cl 2 .
Map of Tuscany (2009)

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Selection and Sensitivity Requirements for Blowout Control Detection Instruments (1976)

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc. Abstract In blowout control and prevention planning, the prime detection instrument needs to planning, the prime detection instrument needs to be designated and its minimum sensitivity specified. Sensitivity requirements will depend on the drilling environment, i.e., casing depth, reservoir properties, mud underbalance possibilities, rig reaction time, circulating rate, etc. Through use of a computer program (KIKSIM) that quantifies the transient characteristics of hydrocarbon gas in the annulus of a drilling well, comparisons are made of detection instrument alternatives. Introduction In an earlier paper, the computer program KIKSIM was used to illustrate how program KIKSIM was used to illustrate how changes in mud circulation rate can aid in well control. The KIKSIM program which develops information concerning the transient characteristics of hydrocarbon gases in the annulus of a kicking well also has considerable value in planning. Among the planning decisions that can be improved with KIKSIM are selection and establishing specifications for mud flow sensors and pit level recorders. The concept of warning time is introduced and stressed. This report deals with the detection of gas in the annulus in drilling ahead situations. It does not deal with detection of formation fluids during trips which is a distinctively different problem. DETECTION STAGES In drilling ahead situations formation gas in the borehole can be detected and measured at three stages, which we will refer to as the entry, mud transport and "expansion burst" stages. Obviously it is to our advantage to try to detect gas as soon as possible, e.g., as it enters the borehole. Since we may at times be dealing with relatively small volumes at bottomhole conditions, this may not always be possible. The second stage during which we may detect gas is during mud transport of the gas up the hole. As mud transports gas up the hole it slowly expands and this expansion can be used to detect gas. The mud transport stage is arbitrarily defined as that period during which the rate of gas ascent is largely (2/3) determined by the mud circulation rate.
Gold nanoring trimers: a versatile structure for infrared sensing (2010)

In this work we report on the observation of surface plasmon properties of periodic arrays of gold nanoring trimers fabricated by electron beam lithography. It is shown that the localized surface plasmon resonances of such gold ring trimers occur in the infrared spectral region and are strongly influenced by the nanoring geometry and their relative positions. Based on numerical simulations of the optical extinction spectra and of the electric near-field intensity maps, the resonances are assigned to surface plasmon states arising from the strong intra-trimer electromagnetic interaction. We show that the nanoring trimer configuration allows for generating infrared surface plasmon resonances associated with strongly localized electromagnetic energy, thus providing plasmonic nanoresonators well-suited for sensing and surface enhanced near-infrared Raman spectroscopy.