gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of apigenin, a plant flavonoid, on epidermal ornithine decarboxylase and skin tumor promotion in mice. (1990)

This investigation studied the effect of topical application of apigenin on skin tumorigenesis initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and promoted by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in SENCAR mice. Apigenin was a potent inhibitor of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase induction by TPA in a dose-dependent manner from 1 to 20 mumol. Two tumorigenesis studies were conducted. In the first study, 20 mumol of apigenin was applied topically and no effect on body weight was observed. By week 33 after DMBA initiation, 48% of DMBA/TPA-treated mice developed carcinomas, while none occurred in DMBA/apigenin/TPA-treated groups. In the second study, doses of 5 and 20 mumol of apigenin were used. The papilloma incidence for 0, 5, and 20 mumol apigenin at 26 weeks after DMBA was 93.3, 58, and 39.3%, and papilloma numbers per mouse were 7.5, 2.5, and 1.8, respectively. Apigenin prolonged by 3 weeks the latency period of tumor appearance. In addition, apigenin significantly inhibited the incidence of carcinoma and the numbers of carcinomas. The incidence of carcinomas per tumor-bearing animal and the ratio of carcinomas/papillomas in two apigenin-treated groups decreased although there were no significant differences between the three groups. These data indicate that apigenin inhibited skin papillomas and showed the tendency to decrease conversion of papillomas to carcinomas.
Constrained iterative speech enhancement with application to automatic speech recognition (2003)

A set of iterative speech enhancement techniques using spectral constraints is extended and evaluated. The approaches apply inter- and intraframe spectral constraints to ensure optimum speech quality across all classes of speech. Constraints are applied on the basis of the presence of perceptually important speech characteristics found during the enhancement procedure. Results show improvement over past techniques for additive white noise distortions. Three points are addressed in the present study. First, a convenient and consistent terminating point for the iterative technique is presented which was previously unavailable. Second, the techniques have been generalized to allow for slowly varying, colored noise. Finally, a comparative evaluation has been performed to determine their usefulness as preprocessors for recognition in extremely noisy environments in the vicinity of 0 dB SNR.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition and other crystal deposition diseases (1993)

Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis and mechanisms of tissue damage related to calcium-containing crystals are highlighted in this review. The clinical spectrum of diseases related to crystal deposition has broadened and includes distinct neurologic syndromes associated with hypertrophy and calcification of the ligamentum flavum or posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine. Diagnostic methods of crystal identification are also reviewed.
Evaluation of electro‐coagulation–flocculation for harvesting marine and freshwater microalgae (2011)

Although microalgae are considered as a promising feedstock for biofuels, the energy efficiency of the production process needs to be significantly improved. Due to their small size and low concentration in the culture medium, cost-efficient harvesting of microalgae is a major challenge. In this study, the use of electro-coagulation-flocculation (ECF) as a method for harvesting a freshwater (Chlorella vulgaris) and a marine (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) microalgal species is evaluated. ECF was shown to be more efficient using an aluminum anode than using an iron anode. Furthermore, it could be concluded that the efficiency of the ECF process can be substantially improved by reducing the initial pH and by increasing the turbulence in the microalgal suspension. Although higher current densities resulted in a more rapid flocculation of the microalgal suspension, power consumption, expressed per kg of microalgae harvested, and release of aluminum were lower when a lower current density was used. The aluminum content of the harvested microalgal biomass was less than 1% while the aluminum concentration in the process water was below 2 mg L(-1). Under optimal conditions, power consumption of the ECF process was around 2 kWh kg(-1) of microalgal biomass harvested for Chlorella vulgaris and ca. 0.3 kWh kg(-1) for Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Compared to centrifugation, ECF is thus more energy efficient. Because of the lower power consumption of ECF in seawater, ECF is a particularly attractive method for harvesting marine microalgae.
Mitochondrial Reprogramming Regulates Breast Cancer Progression (2016)

This study identified a new mitochondria reprogramming pathway influencing breast cancer progression through SH3GL2 and MFN2. These proteins were frequently lost in breast cancer, which was traceable in the circulating exosomes. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3348-60. ©2016 AACR.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type I stabilizes vitronectin-dependent adhesions in HT-1080 cells. (1990)

Polyclonal antibodies against plasminogen activator inhibitor type-I (PAI-1) caused rapid retraction and rounding of substrate-attached HT-1080 cells. The kinetics and extent of antibody-mediated cell rounding were not dependent on either urokinase or plasmin activity. Cells adherent to vitronectin-coated substrates detached within 2 h of antibody addition. Cells adherent to fibronectin were unaffected by the antibodies. Immunoblotting of substrate-attached material indicated that HT-1080 cells deposited PAI-1 into vitronectin, but not fibronectin, dependent contacts. These data suggest that the antibody-mediated cell rounding resulted from a steric disruption of vitronectin-dependent adhesions, indicating that the binding site on vitronectin for PAI-1 is near, but does not overlap, the binding site for vitronectin receptor. The accumulation of PAI-1 into vitronectin-dependent adhesion sites correlated temporally with the preferential degradation of fibronectin from the substrate. HT-1080 cells adherent to either fibronectin or vitronectin were able to activate exogenous plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin levels were increased 200% on cells adherent to fibronectin and 100% on cells adherent to vitronectin. In the presence of a neutralizing antibody against PAI-1, vitronectin adherent cells activated plasminogen to the same extent as fibronectin adherent cells. Plasmin levels of 200% above baseline were associated with retraction of cells from the substrate. The ability of vitronectin adherent cells to activate exogenous plasmin was completely blocked in the presence of neutralizing antibodies against urokinase. These data represent the first demonstration that vitronectin-associated PAI-1 regulates urokinase in focal contact areas.
Autism-like behaviours with transient histone hyperacetylation in mice treated prenatally with valproic acid (2011)

Maternal use of valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy has been implicated in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorders in children, and rodents prenatally exposed to VPA showed behavioural alterations similar to those observed in humans with autism. However, the exact mechanism for VPA-induced behavioural alterations is not known. To study this point, we examined the effects of prenatal exposure to VPA and valpromide, a VPA analog lacking histone deacetylase inhibition activity, on behaviours, cortical pathology and histone acetylation levels in mice. Mice exposed to VPA at embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5), but not at E9 and E14.5, displayed social interaction deficits, anxiety-like behaviour and memory deficits at age 4-8 wk. In contrast to male mice, the social interaction deficits (a decrease in sniffing behaviour) were not observed in female mice at age 8 wk. The exposure to VPA at E12.5 decreased the number of Nissl-positive cells in the middle and lower layers of the prefrontal cortex and in the lower layers of the somatosensory cortex at age 8 wk. Furthermore, VPA exposure caused a transient increase in acetylated histone levels in the embryonic brain, followed by an increase in apoptotic cell death in the neocortex and a decrease in cell proliferation in the ganglionic eminence. In contrast, prenatal exposure to valpromide at E12.5 did not affect the behavioural, biochemical and histological parameters. Furthermore, these findings suggest that VPA-induced histone hyperacetylation plays a key role in cortical pathology and abnormal autism-like behaviours in mice.
Centrifugo-pneumatic multi-liquid aliquoting – parallel aliquoting and combination of multiple liquids in centrifugal microfluidics (2015)

The generation of mixtures with precisely metered volumes is essential for reproducible automation of laboratory workflows. Splitting a given liquid into well-defined metered sub-volumes, the so-called aliquoting, has been frequently demonstrated on centrifugal microfluidics. However, so far no solution exists for assays that require simultaneous aliquoting of multiple, different liquids and the subsequent pairwise combination of aliquots with full fluidic separation before combination. Here, we introduce the centrifugo-pneumatic multi-liquid aliquoting designed for parallel aliquoting and pairwise combination of multiple liquids. All pumping and aliquoting steps are based on a combination of centrifugal forces and pneumatic forces. The pneumatic forces are thereby provided intrinsically by centrifugal transport of the assay liquids into dead end chambers to compress the enclosed air. As an example, we demonstrate simultaneous aliquoting of 1.) a common assay reagent into twenty 5 μl aliquots and 2.) five different sample liquids, each into four aliquots of 5 μl. Subsequently, the reagent and sample aliquots are simultaneously transported and combined into twenty collection chambers. All coefficients of variation for metered volumes were between 0.4%-1.0% for intra-run variations and 0.5%-1.2% for inter-run variations. The aliquoting structure is compatible to common assay reagents with a wide range of liquid and material properties, demonstrated here for contact angles between 20° and 60°, densities between 789 and 1855 kg m(-3) and viscosities between 0.89 and 4.1 mPa s. The centrifugo-pneumatic multi-liquid aliquoting is implemented as a passive fluidic structure into a single fluidic layer. Fabrication is compatible to scalable fabrication technologies such as injection molding or thermoforming and does not require any additional fabrication steps such as hydrophilic or hydrophobic coatings or integration of active valves.
Unplanned readmissions after hospital discharge among patients identified as being at high risk for readmission using a validated predictive algorithm. (2011)

Using a LACE index score of 10, we identified patients with a high rate of readmission who may benefit from improved post-discharge care. Our findings suggest that the LACE index is a potentially useful tool for decision-makers interested in identifying appropriate patients for post-discharge interventions.
A New Method of Broad-Band Equalization Applied to Microwave Amplifiers (1979)

A new approach to broad-band matching which bypasses analytic gain-bandwidth theory and directly utilizes measured real frequency impedance data is applied to gain equalization and low-noise design of GaAs Shottky-barrier FET amplifiers. Neither the equalizer topology nor the analytic form of the system transfer function are initially assumed. These result from the design process. Examples include an octave-band FET amplifier design and a low-noise FET amplifier design. The equalizers are realized with lumped elements or transmission-fine sections. A single basic least squares program implements the design procedure.
Nucleotide sequences of chloroplast 5S ribosomal ribonucleic acid in flowering plants (1979)

Evidence for the sequence of duckweed (Lemna minor) chloroplast 5S rRNA was derived from the analysis of partial and complete enzymic digests of the 32P-labelled molecule. The possible sequence of the chloroplast 5S rRNA from three other flowering plants was deduced by complete digestion with T1 ribonuclease and comparison of the sequences of the oligonucleotide products with homologous sequences in the duckweed 5S rRNA. This analysis indicates that the chloroplast 5S rNA species differ appreciably from their cytosol counterparts but bear a strong resemblance to one another and to the 5S rRNA species of prokaryotes. Structural features apparently common to all 5S rRNA molecules are also discussed.
Mechanisms of cutaneous vasodilation during the postmenopausal hot flash (2010)

Increases in skin blood flow during postmenopausal hot flashes are neurally mediated primarily through BTX-sensitive nerves, presumably sympathetic cholinergic.
World Kidney Day 2011：Protect Your Kidneys, Save Your Heart (2011)

Introduction to World Kidney Day2011 March10,2011will mark the celebration of the6th World Kidney Day(WKD),an annual event jointly sponsored by the International Society of Nephrology and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations. Since its inception in2006,WKD has grown dramatically to become the most widely celebrated event associated with kidney disease in the world and the most successful effort to raise awareness among both the
Chiral sulfamides: synthesis of optically active 2-sulfamyloxaziridines. High enantioselectivity in the asymmetric oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChiral sulfamides: synthesis of optically active 2-sulfamyloxaziridines. High enantioselectivity in the asymmetric oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxidesFranklin A. Davis, John P. McCauley Jr., and Mark E. HarakalCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 8, 1465–1467Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00182a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00182a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views232Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Silica Immobilization of an Enzyme through Genetic Engineering of the Diatom <i>Thalassiosira pseudonana</i> (2007)

Biosilica structures containing foreign proteins with desired functionalities can be generated by a molecular genetic method. An enzyme immobilized in diatom silica was found to display better activity than purified hydroxylaminobenzene mutase in solution. Such immobilized active biomolecules may find application for the fabrication of sensor materials and reusable catalysts. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z603928_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Quantum Random Number Generation Using a Quanta Image Sensor (2016)

A new quantum random number generation method is proposed. The method is based on the randomness of the photon emission process and the single photon counting capability of the Quanta Image Sensor (QIS). It has the potential to generate high-quality random numbers with remarkable data output rate. In this paper, the principle of photon statistics and theory of entropy are discussed. Sample data were collected with QIS jot device, and its randomness quality was analyzed. The randomness assessment method and results are discussed.
QoS assurance vs. dynamic adaptability for applications (1998)

Enabling adaptability to network QoS (quality of service) is seen as a key feature for future applications. One way to approach adaptability is to build it into the network and allow applications to signal their requirements to the network. This means that resource reservation mechanisms must be available end-to-end, which is not always the case, especially on the Internet. Also, user preferences affect how the application is used. So the application must be dynamically adaptive, taking into account the application’s capabilities, the available network QoS and the user preferences. We suggest that it is possible to build practicable QoS summaries that capture all these inputs and allow dynamic adaptability.
An efficient synthesis of (±)-latifine dimethyl ether (1988)

4,5-Dimethoxy-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)phthalide (2) was hydrogenolysed to give 3,4-dimethoxy-2-(4′-methoxybenzyl)benzoic acid (3). The N-methylamide of (3) was lithiated and treated with dimethylformamide to furnish 3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-4-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylisoquinolin-1(2H)-one (5). Reduction of compound (5) with lithium aluminium hydride gave (±)-latifine dimethyl ether (7).
A configurable wavelength demultiplexer using periodic filter chains (2002)

The ability to select an arbitrary wavelength out of a large set of wavelengths is important for future dense wavelength division multiple access (DWDM) systems. Current approaches use a spectrometer to demultiplex the wavelengths and use a switch at each wavelength to select or deselect that particular wavelength at the output. In a DWDM system with N wavelengths, N number of switches at each receiver need to be employed in order to select an arbitrary wavelength using the conventional approach. Since switches are active components, this is undesirable when N is large. A better scaling can be achieved if we can arrange a series of configurable filters in a way that half of the spectral energy is filtered out when the input spectrum is passed through each successive stage of the filter. So the first stage filters out half of the spectrum. The second stage filters out another half of the spectrum that is left from the output of the first stage, etc. Optical filters are usually interferometric devices which generate periodic complementary outputs at the same time, such as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The filters used at different stages could be MZIs for which the periodicity is controlled by varying the optical path differences between the two arms of the MZI. To generate more square like transmission functions, a periodic cavity structure in a form similar to a one-dimensional photonic crystal may be used.
Thrifty Tbc1d1 and Tbc1d4 proteins link signalling and membrane trafficking pathways (2007)

Establishing a complete pathway which links occupancy of the insulin receptor to GLUT4 translocation has been particularly elusive because of the complexities involved in studying both signalling and membrane trafficking processes. However, Lienhard's group has now discovered two related molecules that could function in this linking role. These proteins, Tbc1d4 (also known as AS160) and now Tbc1d1, as reported in this issue of the Biochemical Journal, have been demonstrated to be Rab GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) that link upstream to Akt (protein kinase B) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase and downstream to Rabs involved in trafficking of GLUT4 vesicles. The data from Leinhard and colleagues suggest that high levels of Rab GAP activity lead to suppression of GLUT4 translocation and this observation has wide significance and is likely to be relevant to the recent discovery that mutations in the Tbc1d1 gene lead to some cases of severe human obesity.
Nitrogenase Model Complexes [Cp*Fe(μ-SR<sup>1</sup>)<sub>2</sub>(μ-η<sup>2</sup>-R<sup>2</sup>N═NH)FeCp*] (R<sup>1</sup> = Me, Et; R<sup>2</sup> = Me, Ph; Cp* = η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>): Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic N−N Bond Cleavage of Hydrazines on Diiron Centers (2008)

The reactions of [Cp*Fe(mu-SR1)3FeCp*] (Cp* = eta5-C5Me5; R1 = Et, Me) with 1.5 equiv R2NHNH2 (R2 = Ph, Me) give the mu-eta2-diazene diiron thiolate-bridged complexes [Cp*Fe(mu-SR1)2(mu-eta2-R2N NH)FeCp*], along with the formation of PhNH2 and NH3. These mu-eta2-diazene diiron thiolate-bridged complexes exhibit excellent catalytic N-N bond cleavage of hydrazines under ambient conditions.
Nature's knockout: the Mel1b receptor is not necessary for reproductive and circadian responses to melatonin in Siberian hamsters. (1996)

The pineal hormone melatonin regulates seasonal reproduction and influences the timing of circadian rhythms. The Mel1a and Mel1b receptors are the high-affinity melatonin receptors present in mammals. Unexpectedly, the Mel1b receptor gene of the Siberian hamster, Phodopus sungorus, cannot encode a functional receptor; two nonsense mutations are present within the coding region. Southern blot analysis indicates that this is a single copy gene. The Mel1b receptor gene is nonfunctional in outbred populations of P. sungorus and Phodopus campbelli. Siberian hamsters lacking a functional Mel1b receptor nevertheless show seasonal reproductive and circadian responses to melatonin, indicating that the Mel1b receptor is not necessary for these responses. These data support the hypothesis that the Mel1a receptor, which does encode a functional receptor in this species, mediates reproductive and circadian responses to melatonin.
The Role of the Oxygen/Water Redox Couple in Suppressing Electron Conduction in Field‐Effect Transistors (2009)

The suppression of electron (n-type) conduction observed in back-gated field effect transistors is the result of an electrochemical charge transfer process to the oxygen/water layer adsorbed on hydrophilic substrates. The impact of this phenomenon is demonstrated with nanoscale and thin-film carbon nanotube transistors.