gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technology related design of monolithic millimeter-wave Schottky diode mixers (1992)

The development of monolithic millimeter-wave Schottky diode mixers based on technological parameters is described. The complete equivalent circuit of the monolithic Schottky diode is calculated taking into account the semiconductor layer structure and the device geometry. This model has been used in a harmonic balanced software for designing monolithic single balanced mixers. In V-band a minimum DSB noise figure of 3.3 dB and a minimum conversion loss of 6 dB have been achieved. In W-band a minimum DSB noise figure of 4 dB and a minimum conversion loss of 7 dB have been obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Workpiece Flatness and Surface Finish on the Holding Force of a Magnetic Chuck (1999)

Magnetic chucks are commonly used for workholding in precision grinding and turning of ferromagnetic materials. The workholding force produced by the chuck is strongly influenced by the texture and form of the workpiece surface in contact with the chuck surface. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the effects of workpiece surface flatness, finish, and texture on the normal and frictional workholding forces produced by a radial 4-pole electromagnetic chuck. Ring shaped case-hardened steel specimens were used in the experiments. The results show that the normal holding force decreases with increasing flatness deviation. The effect of surface roughness on the normal holding force was found to be small compared to the effect of flatness but significantly impacts the tangential holding force. The workpiece surface texture was also found to have an effect on the workholding forces.
Structural Analyses of the Ankyrin Repeat Domain of TRPV6 and Related TRPV Ion Channels<sup>,</sup> (2008)

Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are cation channels composed of a transmembrane domain flanked by large N- and C-terminal cytoplasmic domains. All members of the vanilloid family of TRP channels (TRPV) possess an N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain (ARD). The ARD of mammalian TRPV6, an important regulator of calcium uptake and homeostasis, is essential for channel assembly and regulation. The 1.7 A crystal structure of the TRPV6-ARD reveals conserved structural elements unique to the ARDs of TRPV proteins. First, a large twist between the fourth and fifth repeats is induced by residues conserved in all TRPV ARDs. Second, the third finger loop is the most variable region in sequence, length and conformation. In TRPV6, a number of putative regulatory phosphorylation sites map to the base of this third finger. Size exclusion chromatography and crystal packing indicate that the TRPV6-ARD does not assemble as a tetramer and is monomeric in solution. Adenosine triphosphate-agarose and calmodulin-agarose pull-down assays show that the TRPV6-ARD does not interact with either ligand, indicating a different functional role for the TRPV6-ARD than in the paralogous thermosensitive TRPV1 channel. Similar biochemical findings are also presented for the highly homologous mammalian TRPV5-ARD. The implications of the structural and biochemical data on the role of the ankyrin repeats in different TRPV channels are discussed.
Study of the Lyapunov exponents in heart rate variability signals. (1997)

Heart rate variability signals obtained from 24 h recordings are analyzed for normal and pathological subjects. This time series contains information about the autonomic nervous system action regulating the beat-to-beat heart rate. Nonlinear contributions to the long period variability have been assessed by the calculation of the entire spectrum of Lyapunov exponents, after the system trajectory reconstruction, starting from the original variability signal. The positivity of Lyapunov exponent values, obtained from an unknown process, can establish whether the structure generating it shows nonlinear chaotic characteristics. This is what happens for the cardiovascular signals. Moreover, the different values obtained for the Lyapunov exponents operate a classification among the considered pathophysiological cases.
A novel, lactase-based selection and strain improvement strategy for recombinant protein expression in Kluyveromyces lactis (2012)

A novel Kluyveromyces lactis host-vector system was developed that places heterologous genes under the control of the chromosomal LAC4 promoter and that allows monitoring of its transcription rates by β-galactosidase measurement. The procedure is rapid and efficient, and the resulting recombinant strains contain no foreign genes other than the gene of interest. The recombinant strains can be grown non-selectively in rich medium and stably maintained even when the gene product exerts protein toxicity.
Computational model for nanocarrier binding to endothelium validated using in vivo, in vitro, and atomic force microscopy experiments (2010)

A computational methodology based on Metropolis Monte Carlo (MC) and the weighted histogram analysis method (WHAM) has been developed to calculate the absolute binding free energy between functionalized nanocarriers (NC) and endothelial cell (EC) surfaces. The calculated NC binding free energy landscapes yield binding affinities that agree quantitatively when directly compared against analogous measurements of specific antibody-coated NCs (100 nm in diameter) to intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressing EC surface in in vitro cell-culture experiments. The effect of antibody surface coverage (σ(s)) of NC on binding simulations reveals a threshold σ(s) value below which the NC binding affinities reduce drastically and drop lower than that of single anti-ICAM-1 molecule to ICAM-1. The model suggests that the dominant effect of changing σ(s) around the threshold is through a change in multivalent interactions; however, the loss in translational and rotational entropies are also important. Consideration of shear flow and glycocalyx does not alter the computed threshold of antibody surface coverage. The computed trend describing the effect of σ(s) on NC binding agrees remarkably well with experimental results of in vivo targeting of the anti-ICAM-1 coated NCs to pulmonary endothelium in mice. Model results are further validated through close agreement between computed NC rupture-force distribution and measured values in atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments. The three-way quantitative agreement with AFM, in vitro (cell-culture), and in vivo experiments establishes the mechanical, thermodynamic, and physiological consistency of our model. Hence, our computational protocol represents a quantitative and predictive approach for model-driven design and optimization of functionalized nanocarriers in targeted vascular drug delivery.
Alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters for use in swine production： a review (2014)

In the past two decades, an intensive amount of research has been focused on the development of alternatives to antibiotics to maintain swine health and performance. The most widely researched alternatives include probiotics,prebiotics, acidifiers, plant extracts and neutraceuticals such as copper and zinc Since these additives have been more than adequately covered in previous reviews, the focus of this review will be on less traditional alternatives.The potential of antimicrobial peptides, clay minerals, egg yolk antibodies, essential oils, eucalyptus oil-medium chain fatty acids, rare earth elements and recombinant enzymes are discussed. Based on a thorough review of the literature, it is evident that a long and growing list of compounds exist which have been tested for their ability to replace antibiotics as feed additives in diets fed to swine. Unfortunately, the vast majority of these compounds produce inconsistent results and rarely equal antibiotics in their effectiveness. Therefore, it would appear that research is still needed in this area and that the perfect alternative to antibiotics does not yet exist.
Modified Generalized Sign Test Processor for 2-D Radar (1974)

The modified generalized sign test processor is a nonparametric, adaptive detector for 2-D search radars. The detector ranks a sample under test with its neighboring samples and integrates (on a pulse-to-pulse basis) the ranks with a two-pole filter. A target is declared when the integrated output exceeds two thresholds. The first threshold is fixed and yields a 10-6 probability of false alarm when the neighboring samples are independent and identically distributed. The second threshold is adaptive and maintains a low false-alarm rate when the integrated neighboring samples are correlated and when there are nonhomogeneities, such as extraneous targets, in the neighboring cells. Using Monte Carlo techniques, probability of false-alarm results, probability of detection curves, and angular accuracy curves have been generated for this detector. The detector was built and PPI photographs are used to indicate the detector's performance when the radar is operated over land clutter.
Pedestrian Detection on a Moving Vehicle: an Investigation about Near Infra-Red Images (2006)

The aim of this paper is to investigate the employment of a NIR (near infra-red) camera on a moving vehicle for pedestrian detection, considering the NIR radiation as a suitable waveband for a single sensor device. In particular, we studied a system with special attention to cost, in order to make it affordable for all vehicles. We used as equipment an analog NIR CCD camera and examined the system behaviour in three different lighting conditions: daytime, nighttime using dipped-beam headlights and nighttime using full-beam headlights. Subsequently we chose the lighting situation which proved, in the long run, to be the most suitable for pedestrian detection. The algorithm proved to be efficient in common exurban scenarios
Thermal effects on the Brillouin frequency shift in jacketed optical silica fibers (1990)

Brillouin frequency shift in two kinds of jacketed optical single-mode silica fiber, with an ultraviolet curable resin coat and a nylon coat, has been measured at temperatures ranging from −30 to +60°C. It has been found that there are two reasons for the Brillouin frequency shift change in jacketed optical fibers against temperature change. One is the Brillouin frequency shift change for bare fibers. The other is the thermal stress due to the differences in thermal expansion coefficients in bare fiber and its coating material.
A Numerical Analysis of Pulverized Coal Combustion in a Multiburner Furnace (2007)

A three-dimensional numerical simulation is applied to a pulverized coal combustion field in a furnace equipped with three burners, and the trajectories of the coal particles with respect to each burner, which are hardly obtained experimentally, are also investigated in detail. Simulation results are compared with experimental results. The results show that the numerical and experimental results are consistent generally. Also, the examination of the particle trajectories shows that most of the unburned carbon originates from the upper-stage burner. This result suggests that the overall unburned fraction can be reduced by supplying coal with a low combustibility to lower- or middle-stage burners and supplying coal with a high combustibility to the upper-stage burner.
An Adaptive Multi-Constraint Partitioning Algorithm for Offloading in Pervasive Systems (2006)

Offloading is a kind of mechanism utilized in pervasive systems to leverage the severity of resource constraints of mobile devices by migrating part of the classes of a pervasive service/application to some resource-rich nearby surrogates. A pervasive service application needs to be partitioned prior to offloading. Such partitioning algorithms play a critical role in a high-performance offloading system. This paper proposes an adaptive (k+1) partitioning algorithm that partitions a given application into 1 unoffloadable partition and k offloadable partitions. Furthermore, these partitions satisfy the multiple constraints imposed by either application users or mobile device resources. Underpinning the partitioning algorithm is a dynamic multi-cost graph that models the costs of an application in terms of its component classes (including CPU cost, memory cost and communication cost), and a Heavy-Edge and Light-Vertex Matching (HELVM) algorithm to coarsen the multi-cost graph. An offloading toolkit implementing the above algorithms has been developed, upon which the evaluations are carried out. The outcomes of the evaluation have indicated a higher level of performance of our algorithm in terms of its efficiency and cost-effectiveness
Deep MicroRNA sequencing reveals downregulation of miR‐29a in neuroblastoma central nervous system metastasis (2014)

Central nervous system (CNS) is an increasingly common site of isolated metastasis for patients with Stage 4 neuroblastoma. To explore the microRNA (miRNA) profile of this metastatic process, miRNA sequencing was performed to identify miRNA sequence families with differential expression between tumor pairs (pre-CNS primary and CNS metastasis) from 13 patients with Stage 4 neuroblastoma. Seven miRNA sequence families had distinct expression in CNS metastases when compared with their corresponding pre-CNS primaries. MiR-7 was upregulated (3.75-fold), and miR-21, miR-22, miR-29a, miR-143, miR-199a-1-3p, and miR-199a-1-5p were downregulated (3.5-6.1-fold), all confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. MiR-29a, previously shown to be downregulated in a broad spectrum of solid tumors including neuroblastoma, had the most significant decrease in all 13 CNS metastases (P = 0.001). Its known onco-targets CDC6, CDK6, and DNMT3A, as well as B7-H3, an inhibitory ligand for T cells, and natural killer cells, were found to have higher differential expression in these 13 CNS metastases when compared with their paired primaries. Additionally, miR-29a expression in primary tumors was significantly lower among patients who eventually relapsed in the CNS. Irrespective of the amplification status of MYCN, which is known to be associated with metastasis, pre-CNS primaries, and CNS metastases had significantly lower miR-29a expression than non-CNS primary tumors. Among MYCN amplified cell lines, those from CNS relapse also had lower miR-29a expression than non-CNS relapse. These findings raised the hypothesis that miR-29a could be a biomarker for neuroblastoma CNS metastasis, and its downregulation may play a pivotal role in CNS progression.
A Conversation with Hubert Damisch (1998)

Denis Hollier: How would you define yourself? Historian of art? Anti-historian of art? Theorist of art? Philosopher of art? How would you define your field? Hubert Damisch: It's a field with three poles, and here my early training with Merleau-Ponty played a decisive part: question of unconscious; question of history (which I would put in third place); and something I don't know whether to call form or structure. I guess I'd say, using Wittgenstein's definition: form as possibility of structure. Why art? Because I thought that art would be medium through which I could simultaneously connect these three poles. When I was studying with Merleau-Ponty, I wanted to work on Goya in relation to something I called the perception of This interested Merleau-Ponty very much. It was idea that there was a perception of history that connects to darkness in sense in which you find this in Lucien Febvre, or initially in Michelet: l'histoire noire. It was idea that in midst of a history that was narrative, discursive, something suddenly occurred in work of Goya and especially in Black Paintings of Quinta del Sordo: a kind of silence. It would be, then, a matter not of narrating history but of seeing it. What would a phenomenology of perception of history be? You have to remember that we were just emerging from war. It was extremely important to me, idea that I had perceived history. During war as a child and adolescent this was something I saw. I remember hearing first news about war announced on radio; but I didn't really believe it until I saw facts actually written on posters. In same way, I was profoundly marked by one of first examples of what I experienced as graphic design as such: eagle and swastika on deportation notices. Yve-Alain Bois: But how did you pass from Merleau-Ponty to structuralism and what role did Francastel play there?
Characterization of Ultrasmall CdS Nanoparticles Prepared by the Size-Selective Photoetching Technique (2001)

Ultrasmall CdS nanoparticles were prepared by the size-selective photoetching technique. The smallest size of the CdS nanoparticles was obtained by the irradiation with the monochromatic light having the wavelength of 365 nm, while the absorbance of CdS nanoparticles monotonically decreased, for the whole wavelength, to null if the irradiation was performed using a wavelength less than 365 nm. The surface modification of CdS nanoparticles with thiophenol caused the red-shift of the absorption spectra due to the electric interaction between the bound thiophenol molecules and the CdS core, the degree being enhanced with a decrease in the particle size. 1H NMR signals of thiophenol bound on the surface of the smallest CdS nanoparticles prepared by 365-nm irradiation were shifted upfield compared to those obtained for the larger thiophenol-modified CdS nanoparticles prepared by the longer wavelength irradiation, and the signals appeared in positions similar to those of chemically synthesized CdS cluster molecules. The observation with transmission electron microscopy revealed that the smallest thiophenol-modified CdS nanoparticles had an edged pyramidal shape with a size of about 1.7 nm in contrast to the larger CdS nanoparticles of almost spherical shape. The particle size and chemical compositions of the smallest thiophenol-modified CdS nanoparticles roughly agreed with those of Cd32S14(SC6H5)36·4DMF, which has been reported to be one of the largest chemically synthesized CdS cluster molecules. The similarity between the emission and excitation properties indicated that the smallest thiophenol-modified CdS nanoparticles had the energy structure almost equal to that of Cd32S14(SC6H5)36·4DMF.
Detergent Enzymes: Biodegradation and Environmental Acceptability (1969)

Journal Article Detergent Enzymes: Biodegradation and Environmental Acceptability Get access R. D. Swisher R. D. Swisher Inorganic Chemicals Division, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 19, Issue 12, December 1969, Pages 1093–1094, https://doi.org/10.2307/1294865 Published: 01 December 1969 Article history Accepted: 13 June 1969 Published: 01 December 1969
Spatial Modulation Transfer in the Human Eye (1967)

The contrast sensitivity of the human eye for sinusoidal illuminance changes was measured as a function of spatial frequency, for monochromatic light with wavelengths of 450, 525, and 650 nm. At each wavelength, data were obtained for a number of illuminance levels. All observations were taken at equal accommodation, and corrected for chromatic aberration. If the wavelength-dependent effects of diffraction on the modulation transfer are taken into account, no difference is found between the photopic contrast-sensitivity functions for red, green, or blue. For mean retinal illuminances B0 smaller than 300 td, threshold modulation M at a given frequency is found to increase in proportion to B0-12 (de Vries–Rose law). For B0 greater than 300 td M remains a constant fraction of it (Weber–Fechner law). After separation of the optical modulation transfer of the eye media from the measured psychophysical data, the remaining function can be considered as composed of a neural and a light-diffusion transfer function. The latter can be compared with the analytic transfer function of photographic film.
Constituents of the Fruit of <i>Pseudopanax arboreum</i> (Araliaceae) (1975)

Saponification and methylation of the acidic fraction of an extract of the fruit of the New Zealand tree Pseudopanax arboreum has led to the isolation of a series of ring-A substituted and ring-A seco triterpenoids possessing oleanane or ursane skeletons. These include methyl 3-oxo-24-norurs-12-en-28-oate (1), dimethyl 4-oxo-3,24-dinor- 2,3-secours-12-ene-2,28-dioate (7), methyl 2α,3α,23-trihydroxyolean-12- en-28-oate (10), the ε-lactone of 23-hydroxy-4,17-dimethoxycarbonyl- 2,3-secours-12-en-2-oic acid (15), trimethyl 24-nor-2,3-secours-12-ene- 2,3,28-trioate (20), methyl 2-hydroxy-3-oxo-24-noroleana-1,4,12-trien- 28-oate (26), and methyl 2-hydroxy-3-oxo-24-norursa-1,4,12-trien-28- oate (27) whose parent acids have not hitherto been obtained as natural products. Other compounds are methyl 2α,3α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oate (9), methyl 2α,3α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate (23), methyl asiatate (24), methyl arjunolate (13), the methoxy artefact (12), and the aryl- substituted methyl cinnamates (28), (29), (30) and (31). Neutral constituents include the esters (1), (9) and (10), stigmasterol and the sesquiterpene spathulenol (32).
A Pan-cancer Landscape of Interactions between Solid Tumors and Infiltrating Immune Cell Populations (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> Throughout their development, tumors are challenged by the immune system, and they acquire features to evade its surveillance. A systematic view of these traits, which shed light on how tumors respond to immunotherapies, is still lacking.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Here, we computed the relative abundance of an array of immune cell populations to measure the immune infiltration pattern of 9,174 tumors of 29 solid cancers. We then clustered tumors with similar infiltration pattern to define immunophenotypes. Finally, we identified genomic and transcriptomic traits associated to these immunophenotypes across cancer types.<b>Results:</b> In highly cytotoxic immunophenotypes, we found tumors with low clonal heterogeneity enriched for alterations of genes involved in epigenetic regulation, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, antigen presentation, and cell-cell communication, which may drive resistance in combination with the ectopic expression of negative immune checkpoints. Tumors with immunophenotypes of intermediate cytotoxicity are characterized by an upregulation of processes involved in neighboring tissue invasion and remodeling that may foster the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells. Tumors with poorly cytotoxic immunophenotype tend to be of more advanced stages and bear a greater burden of copy number alterations and frequent alterations of cell cycle, hedgehog, β-catenin, and TGFβ pathways, which may cause immune depletion.<b>Conclusions:</b> We provide a comprehensive landscape of the characteristics of solid tumors that may influence (or be influenced by) the characteristics of their immune infiltrate. These results may help interpret the response of solid tumors to immunotherapies and guide the development of novel drug combination strategies. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3717-28. ©2018 AACR</i>.
An intra-chip free-space optical interconnect (2010)

Continued device scaling enables microprocessors and other systems-on-chip (SoCs) to increase their performance, functionality, and hence, complexity. Simultaneously, relentless scaling, if uncompensated, degrades the performance and signal integrity of on-chip metal interconnects. These systems have therefore become increasingly communications-limited. The communications-centric nature of future high performance computing devices demands a fundamental change in intra- and inter-chip interconnect technologies.