gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data-driven test automation : augmenting GUI testing in a web application (2013)

For many companies today, it is highly valuable to collect and analyse data in order to support decision making and functions of various sorts. However, this kind of data-driven approach is seldomly applied to software testing and there is often a lack of verification that the testing performed is relevant to how the system under test is used. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to investigate the possibility of introducing a data-driven approach to test automation by extracting user behaviour data and curating it to form input for testing. A prestudy was initially conducted in order to collect and assess different data sources for augmenting the testing. After suitable data sources were identified, the required data, including data about user activity in the system, was extracted. This data was then processed and three prototypes where built on top of this data. The first prototype augments the model-based testing by automatically creating models of the most common user behaviour by utilising data mining algorithms. The second prototype tests the most frequent occurring client actions. The last prototype visualises which features of the system are not covered by automated regression testing. The data extracted and analysed in this thesis facilitates the understanding of the behaviour of the users in the system under test. The three prototypes implemented with this data as their foundation can be used to assist other testing methods by visualising test coverage and executing regression tests.
A hybrid adaptive thresholding method for text with halftone pattern in scanned document images (2010)

In this paper, a hybrid adaptive thresholding method for scanned document images containing text with halftone pattern is presented. The method is based on the topological feature and gray level statistics of those text with halftone pattern. Global histogram based thresholding methods often miss some halftone text after binarization, especially those close to background gray level. The proposed method first divides the document image into non overlap windows and extracts text characters as connect component in each window. The Euler number of each text character is then calculated and used as topological feature to identify halftone text character. After all the halftone text characters are identified, the document image is segmented into halftone text region and non-halftone text region. Each region is then binarized using its own pixel value statistics respectively. Comparing to global histogram based thresholding methods; the proposed method produced better binarization result on scanned document images containing both halftone text and non-halftone text.
Heparin and heparan sulfate increase the radius of diffusion and action of basic fibroblast growth factor. (1990)

The radius of diffusion of basic FGF (bFGF) in the presence and in the absence of the glycosaminoglycans heparin and heparan sulfate was measured. Iodinated 125I-bFGF diffuses further in agarose, fibrin, and on a monolayer of bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells in the presence of heparin than in its absence. Heparan sulfates affected the diffusion of 125I-bFGF in a manner similar to, though less pronounced than, heparin. When applied at the center of a monolayer of BAE cells, bFGF plus heparin stimulated morphological changes at a 10-fold greater radius than bFGF alone. These results suggest that bFGF-heparin and/or heparan sulfate complexes may be more effective than bFGF alone in stimulating cells located away from the bFGF source because the bFGF-glycosaminoglycan complex partitions into the soluble phase rather than binding to insoluble glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix. Thus, the complex of bFGF and glycosaminoglycan may represent one of the active forms of bFGF in vivo.
The treatment of refractory copper ores by the segregation process (1967)

The segregation process, discovered accidentally in 1923 by Moulden and Taplin of the Mineral Separations Company', consists in heating to temperatures above 600i?½C a mixture of oxide copper minerals with small amounts of halogen-bearing material such as sodium chloride, and a reducing agent such as coal or coke. This process is very different from the conventional chloridizing roast in that the copper atoms migrate from their original sites in the ore particles and form discrete balls, flakes or particles of metallic copper which can then be removed by froth flotation, selective leaching or a variety of other well-known methods. A history of the research and development work on the segregation process is given and the developments within the Anglo American Corporation (A.A.C.) Group are descriptionbed with particular reference to those by the TORCO Project Team. Some radical differences have been adopted in the mechanical approach as compared with methods used by previous workers and a number of innovations in the metallurgical and chemical techniques have been developed. Probably the most important differences are the following: (1) The heating unit is a fluidized bed roaster which provides efficient heat transfer and which also permits roasting of any copper sulphide minerals to the oxide form due to the oxidizing conditions maintained in the bed. (2) A moving bed segregation chamber is used in which a packed bed of heated ore, to which reagents have been added, moves slowly downwards under gravity and is discharged at a controlled rate by means of a suitable valve mechanism. (3) The quantities of reagents used (sodium chloride and some form of carbon) are only a small fraction of those recommended by other investigators. (4) Retention times of two minutes only have been found satisfactory for the complete segregation of many types of ore.
Differentiation of Embryonal Carcinoma Cells to a Neural or Cardiomyocyte Lineage Is Associated with Selective Expression of Endothelin Receptors (1995)

Endothelins (ETs) were initially characterized as potent vasoactive peptides acting through at least two distinct receptors, ETA and ETB. Subsequently, their significant growth- and hypertrophy-promoting properties in cardiac and other cells were recognized. We investigated the expression of endothelin receptors during differentiation of a pluripotential embryonal carcinoma cell line (P19) to a cardiomyocyte or a neural lineage. These cells resemble those of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, and their differentiation is believed to closely mimic critical events in early embryogenesis. Differentiation of P19 to a cardiomyocyte lineage, by aggregation and exposure to dimethyl sulfoxide resulted in induction of ETA receptors as demonstrated by radioligand binding studies, Northern blotting, and reporter gene analysis. Moreover, the P19 differentiated to a cardiac lineage responded to ET-1 with a 3-fold increase in the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide. In contrast, differentiation to a neural lineage, by aggregation and exposure to retinoic acid, was associated with the induction of predominantly ETB. Therefore, selective differentiation of the P19 led to the differential expression of endothelin receptors in a pattern consistent with that observed in normal myocardial and neural tissue. The induction of endothelin receptors in a model system of early embryogenesis provides strong support for the critical role of this peptide/receptor family in differentiation and development. As well, this model system is well suited for the study of the mechanisms controlling endothelin receptor expression during differentiation.
Comparative Study of Chemical, Biochemical Characteristic and ATR-FTIR Analysis of Seeds, Oil and Flour of the Edible Fedora Cultivar Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) (2018)

A series of chemical and biochemical parameters of edible hemp resources (seeds, oil, and flour) from the monoecious EU registered hemp genotype Fedora, was determined, including fatty acid profile, phytosterol composition, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, macro- and micro-elements. The fatty acid ω-3/ω-6 approached the nutritionally optimal 3/1 ratio. β-sitosterol and other phytosterols sterols dominated the unsaponifiable fraction. Hemp seeds, flour, and oil contained 767 ± 41, 744 ± 29, and 21 ± 5 mg GAE kg<sup>-1</sup> total polyphenols, respectively. The antioxidant potential of Fedora flour and seeds, evaluated through the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, was higher than that of oil. K and Mg were the most abundant macro-elements, particularly in flour, while the concentration of trace elements was Fe > Cu > Ni > Mn. The presence of an array of bioactive compound candidate Fedora products as health-promoting food matrices. The ATR-FTIR spectra of hemp-derived products indicated the proximate composition of macro-nutrients.
Genomic sequences with homology to the P element of Drosophila melanogaster occur in the blowfly Lucilia cuprina. (1992)

We have cloned two DNA elements (Lu-P1 and Lu-P2) from the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina that are similar to the transposable P element of Drosophila melanogaster in both structure and sequence but have diverged from it and from each other considerably. Hybridization studies indicate that a third related element probably exists in another, as yet unsequenced, clone. Neither Lu-P1 nor Lu-P2 appears to be active in terms of mobility, and it is not known whether any transposition-competent copies of other related elements occur in the genome of the blowfly. However, the isolation of any P-like sequences from a species outside of the family Drosophilidae allows comparisons to be made of more widely divergent P-related elements than has been possible previously. We are unaware of any report of the presence of multiple P-like family members within a single species. The discovery of Lu-P1 and Lu-P2 in the blowfly fuels the possibility that similar elements may be widespread in insects, and perhaps in other orders of animals.
Scope of the 1,6 addition of sulfur dioxide to cis-3-hexatrienes (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScope of the 1,6 addition of sulfur dioxide to cis-3-hexatrienesWilliam L. Mock and James H. McCauslandCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 2, 242–247Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00864a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00864a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The role of the World Bank in the development of urban transport in Sub-Saharan Africa (1993)

During the first period the Bank's main concern was to find ways of relieving urban traffic congestion. This mainly involved the prescription of traffic management, road rehabilitation and road construction. It also involved helping the formal public transport sector become more efficient and building local capabilities to plan, implementation and monitor traffic management schemes. This focus is reflected in the projects undertaken in the Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Senegal, Cameroon and Zimbabwe. During the second period the Bank's main concern shifted to the development of comprehensive urban transport policies. The principal focus was on public transport supply, finance and efficiency, road rehabilitation and maintenance, traffic management, road safety and institution building in all these sub-sectors. It was during this period that we see more attention being given to non-motorized transport. A Bank led team of experts would prepare a comprehensive overview of urban transport policy in the country concerned. A key element of the report would be the recommendations concerning policy action programs. These programs were developed by the Bank team with inputs from local officials. Essentially, it was a Bank owned report. The degree to which ownership was transferred to the country was dependent on the political willingness of the country to accept the Bank's findings. The proposed projects in Kenya and Nigeria reflect this approach.
Molecular analysis of HLA‐D region genes in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (1989)

Analysis of HLA DRB1 and DQB1 Bam HI RFLPs revealed four DRB1 (4.8, 5.2, 6.0 and 7.0 kb) fragments and a 3.2 kb DQB1 fragment to be significantly increased in Caucasians with seropositive RA compared to healthy individuals. The 4.8, 5.2 and 7.0 kb DRB1 fragments were found in 86.5% of RA patients and in 56% of the controls (p = 10(-3), relative risk (RR) = 5.0), while the 6.0 kb fragment was found in 79% of RA patients compared to 32% of controls (p = 2 x 10(-5), RR = 8.0). The 3.2 kb DQB1 fragment was observed in 63.5% of RA patients versus 38.0% of controls (p = 10(-2), RR = 2.8). Analysis of these fragments relative to HLA phenotypes revealed that the 4.8, 5.2 and 7.0 kb DRB1 fragments were strongly correlated with DR4, -7, -9 and -w53 serotypes, the 6.0 kb RFLP with DR4 and the 3.2 kb DQB1 fragment with DR1 and DQw1. Using probes specific for the 5' or 3' regions of the DRB1 gene, the 5.2 and 6.0 kb DRB RFLPs were mapped to the 5' end and the 4.8 and 7.0 kb RFLPs to the 3' end of the DRB1 gene. A probe generated from the second exon of the DRB4 (DRw53) gene recognized only the 5.2 and the 6.0 kb RFLPs corroborating the 5' location of these RFLPs. Family studies further confirmed that these RFLP's segregated with HLA phenotypes.
Isolation of Laminaria-frond Decomposing Bacteria from Japanese Coastal Waters. (1993)

A search was undertaken to isolate bacteria capable of decomposing Laminaria fronds directly. Among 89 strains isolated from seawater samples with an agar plate enriched with Laminaria powder, 62 strains showed a Laminaria-frond decomposing ability which was detected by a rheometer test after 4 weeks' incubation at 20°C. The Laminaria-frond decomposing bacteria (LDB) were isolated from 10 locations out of 11, suggesting their widespread distribution in the Japanese coastal waters. Most of the LDB were assigned to the Vibrio group according to Simidu's scheme and had an alginate-degrading ability. Gel filtration analysis of saccharides dissolved in the culture medium during the decomposition test showed that the algal polysaccharides were degraded, and that the decomposition products differed greatly in molecular size from strain to strain.
Thirty Years of Polyamine-Related Approaches to Cancer Therapy. Retrospect and Prospect. Part 1. Selective Enzyme Inhibitors (2003)

As soon as the natural polyamines (PAs), putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), were recognized as ubiquitous constituents of eukaryotic cells, their involvement in growth-related processes attracted particular interest. The high activities of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) in rapidly growing tissues and cells, particularly in tumour cells, suggested PA biosynthesis as a target for antineoplastic therapy. In the course of the years selective inhibitors have been developed for literally all enzymes of PA metabolism. Some became important as tools in the elucidation of the PA metabolic system, but only few of them were efficient as inhibitors of tumour growth. A major reason for the inefficacy of selective enzyme inhibitors as anticancer drugs is the sophistication of the system, which regulates intracellular PA pools. Selective blockade of a single enzyme induces changes of metabolism and transport, which compensate for the deficit. The selective impairment of tumour growth is in addition hampered by the ubiquitous occurrence of the PAs, their importance in normal functions of nearly all mammalian cells, and the ability or the mammalian organism to utilize exogenous (gastrointestinal) PAs. Among the inhibitors of PA-related enzymes, the ODC inactivator (R, S)-2-(difluoromethyl)ornithine (DFMO) became most famous. Although it was disappointing in most therapeutic attempts to use it as single drug, it has--based on its low toxicity--considerable potential in cancer chemoprevention, and it turned out to be a highly efficient anti-trypanosome agent. Very likely DFMO is suitable to improve the efficacy of some of the current cytotoxic drugs, and it may allow one to create new therapies in combination with other PA-directed drugs. Some of the less selective enzyme inhibitors, particularly those, which inhibit two or more enzymes of PA metabolism, appear to have had a chance to become practically useful, but they have not been developed energetically. Disregarding DFMO, the AdoMetDC inhibitor SAM486A is the only compound for which clinical trials were published. The future of this drug is unclear at present; presumably phase III clinical trials have been discontinued. One of the lessons that had to be learned from the work on selective enzyme inhibitors was that PA metabolism is a much more difficult target, than has been expected on the basis of the simplicity of the PA structures, and the simple reactions involved in their biosynthesis. In order to inhibit tumour growth several reactions or regulatory functions of PA metabolism have to be impaired at the same time. Recent efforts devoted to the development new types of anticancer drugs, which are based on the perturbation of PA metabolism by structural analogues of the natural PAs, take this message into account. These approaches are the topic of the 2nd part of this overview.
Relative contribution of variation within the APOC3/A4/A5 gene cluster in determining plasma triglycerides (2002)

Since triglycerides (TG) are a major independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, understanding their genetic and environmental determinants is of major importance. Mouse models indicate an inverse relationship between levels of the newly identified apolipoprotein AV (APOAV) and TG concentrations. We have examined the relative influence of human APOA5 variants on plasma lipids, compared to the impact of variation in APOC3 and APOA4 which lie in the same cluster. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in APOA5 (S19W, -1131T>C) and APOA4 (T347S, Q360H) and an APOA4/A5 intergenic T>C SNP were examined in a large study of healthy middle-aged men (n=2808). APOA5 19WW and -1131CC men had 52% and 40% higher TG (P<0.003) compared to common allele homozygotes, respectively, effects which were independent and additive. APOA4 347SS men had 23% lower TG compared to TT men (P<0.002). Haplotype analysis was carried out to identify TG-raising alleles and included, in addition, four previously genotyped APOC3 SNPs (-2845T>G, -482C>T, 1100C>T, and 3238C>G). The major TG-raising alleles were defined by APOA5 W19 and APOC3 -482T. This suggests that the TG-lowering effect of APOA4 S347 might merely reflect the strong negative linkage disequilibrium with the common alleles of these variants. Thus variation in APOA5 is associated with differences in TGs in healthy men, independent of those previously reported for APOC3, while association between APOA4 and TG reflects linkage disequilibrium with these sites. The molecular mechanisms for these effects remain to be determined.
Computational Maps In The Brain (1987)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Interaction of rifampin and glucocorticoids. Adverse effect on renal allograft function (1976)

Three renal transplant patients experienced progressive loss of renal allograft function during rifampin treatment for<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. Previous studies have shown that rifampin causes induction of enzymes in hepatic microsomes that increase the catabolism of glucocorticoids. Evidence is presented that in our patients, the loss of renal allograft function during rifampin therapy was the result of decreased glucocorticoid effect presumably related to increased catabolism of the glucocorticoid drug they received. Thus, the adverse effects of rifampin on renal transplant function might be overcome by increasing the dose of glucocorticoid drug. (<i>JAMA</i>236:1958-1960, 1976)
Are you ready for the future of healthcare delivery? (2010)

Editor-in-Chief; Senior Vice President and Chief Nurse Officer, Meridian Health System, Neptune, N.J.
Effect of mutations at Glu160 and Val198 on the thermostability of lactate oxidase (2003)

We have obtained two types of thermostable mutant lactate oxidase - one that exhibited an E-to-G point mutation at position 160 (E160G) through error-prone PCR-based random mutagenesis, and another that exhibited an E-to-G mutation at position 160 and a V-to-I mutation at position 198 (E160G/V198I) through DNA shuffling-based random mutagenesis - both of which we have previously reported. Our molecular modeling of lactate oxidase suggests that the substitution of G for E at position 160 reduces the electrostatic repulsion between the negative charges of E160 and E130 in the (beta/alpha)8 barrel structure, but a thermal-inactivation experiment on the five kinds of single-mutant lactate oxidase at position 160 (E160A, E160Q, E160H, E160R, and E160K) showed that the side-chain volume of the amino acid at position 160 mainly contributes to the thermostability of lactate oxidase. We also produced V198I single-mutant lactate oxidase through site-directed mutagenesis, and analysed the thermostability of wild-type, V198I, E160G, and E160G/V198I lactate oxidase enzymes. The half-life of E160G/V198I lactate oxidase at 70 degrees C was about three times longer than that of E160G lactate oxidase, and was about 20 times longer than that of wild-type lactate oxidase. In contrast, the thermostability of the V198I lactate oxidase was almost identical to that of wild-type lactate oxidase. This indicates that the V198I mutation alone does not affect lactate oxidase thermostability, but does affect it when combined with the E160G mutation.
Fourteen ways to say nothing with scientific visualization (1994)

In "Twelve Ways to Fool the Masses When Giving Performance Results on Parallel Computers," (see Supercomputer Rev., vol.4, no.8, p.54-5, 1991) David Bailey ends with the admonition, "Conclude your technical presentation and roll the videotape. Audiences love razzle-dazzle color graphics, and this material often helps deflect attention from the substantive technical issues." Unfortunately, Bailey gives no guidance in the means and methods for producing such a result. This article seeks to fill this void. There are numerous time-tested scientific visualization techniques for producing pretty pictures while avoiding unnecessary illumination of the data. Our collection has been culled from the scientific visualization literature and numerous presentations we have given and attended.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The regulation of insider dealing in the UK: some empirical evidence concerning share prices, merger bids and bidders' advising merchant banks (1996)

(1996). The regulation of insider dealing in the UK: some empirical evidence concerning share prices, merger bids and bidders' advising merchant banks. Applied Financial Economics: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 383-391.