gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perturbing the Linker Regions of the α-Subunit of Transducin (2004)

The GDP-GTP exchange activity of the retinal G protein, transducin, is markedly accelerated by the photoreceptor rhodopsin in the first step of visual transduction. The x-ray structures for the alpha subunits of transducin (alpha(T)) and other G proteins suggest that the nucleotide-binding (Ras-like) domain and a large helical domain form a "clam shell" that buries the GDP molecule. Thus, receptor-promoted G protein activation may involve "opening the clam shell" to facilitate GDP dissociation. In this study, we have examined whether perturbing the linker regions connecting the Ras-like and helical domains of Galpha subunits gives rise to a more readily exchangeable state. The sole glycine residues in linkers 1 and 2 were individually changed to proline residues within an alpha(T)/alpha(i1) chimera (designated alpha(T)(*)). Both alpha(T)(*) linker mutants showed significant increases in their basal rates of GDP-GTP exchange when compared either to retinal alpha(T) or recombinant alpha(T)(*). The alpha(T)(*) linker mutants were responsive to aluminum fluoride, which binds to alpha-GDP complexes and induces changes in Switch 2. Although both linker mutants were further activated by light-activated rhodopsin together with the betagamma complex, their activation was not influenced by betagamma alone, arguing against the idea that the betagamma complex helps to pry apart the helical and Ras-like domains of Galpha subunits. Once activated, the alpha(T)(*) linker mutants were able to stimulate the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. Overall, these findings highlight a new class of activated Galpha mutants that constitutively exchange GDP for GTP and should prove valuable in studying different G protein-signaling systems.
An In silico approach for the evaluation of DNA barcodes (2010)

In silico PCR could be used to improve the performance of a study, by allowing the preliminary comparison of several DNA regions in order to identify the most appropriate barcode depending on the study aims.
Sterols. CVI. Sapogenins. XXXV. The Supposed Trillarigenin (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSterols. CVI. Sapogenins. XXXV. The Supposed TrillarigeninRussell E. Marker and John KruegerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 9, 2548–2549Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01866a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01866a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A revisit to the three‐dimensional structure of B‐type starch (1988)

Abstract A new three‐dimensional structure of B‐starch is proposed in which the unit cell contains 12 glucose residues located in two left‐handed, parallel‐stranded double helices packed in a parallel register; 36 water molecules are located between these helices. Chains are crystallized in the hexagonal space group P6 1 , with lattice parameters a = b = 1.85 nm, c = 1.04 nm. The space group symmetry was derived from an exhaustive analysis of the large body of structural studies published so far. Diffraction data used in this work were taken from the previously reported x‐ray fiber diffractogram [H.C. Wu and A. Sarko (1978), Carbohydrate Research , 61 , 7–25] after adequate reindexing. The final R factor is 0.145 for the three‐dimensional data. The repeating unit consists of a maltose molecule where the glucose residues have the 4 C 1 pyranose conformation and are α(1 → 4) linked. The conformation of the glycosidic linkage is characterized by torsion angles (Φ, Ψ) that take the values (83.8°, −144.6°) and (84.3°, −144.1°), whereas the valence angles at the glycosidic bridge have a magnitude of 115.8° and 116.5°, respectively. The primary hydroxyl groups exist in a gauche – gauche conformation. There is no intramolecular hydrogen bond. Within the double helix, interstrand stabilization is achieved without any steric conflict and through the occurrence of O(2)…O(6) type of hydrogen bonds. The model presented here, with an hydration around 27% w/w, corresponds to a well‐ordered crystalline sample, since all the water molecules could be located with no apparent sign of a disorder. Half of the water molecules are tightly bound to the double helices; the remainder forms a complex network centered around the sixfold screw axis of the unit cell. The consistency of the present structural model, with both physicochemical and biochemical aspects of the crystalline component of tuber starch granules, is analyzed.
MDA: an efficient directional MAC scheme for wireless ad hoc networks (2005)

This paper addresses the issue of deafness and hidden terminal problem in a mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) using directional antennas. To minimize these effects, we propose a MAC protocol for directional Antennas (MDA) which employs an enhanced directional network allocation vector (NAV) scheme and, a novel technique of diametrically opposite directions (DOD) transmission of RTS and CTS. We compare MDA with IEEE 802.11 and two recently proposed directional MAC protocols and results show that MDA outperforms these protocols in the majority of scenarios investigated. We also point out that the performance does depend on the network topology and the traffic pattern
A patient with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma. (1998)

Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) is an X linked disorder characterised by pre- and postnatal overgrowth, coarse facial features, and visceral and skeletal abnormalities. Like other overgrowth syndromes, in the SGBS there is an increased risk for developing neoplasia, mainly embryonic, such as Wilms tumour. We report a 3 year old male patient with SGBS and hepatocellular carcinoma, a previously undescribed tumour associated with the syndrome.
Control of Cholesterol Metabolism and Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Levels by microRNA-144 (2013)

miR-144 regulates cholesterol metabolism via suppressing ABCA1 expression and modulation of miRNAs may represent a potential therapeutical intervention for treating dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Chemical Variation of Essential Oil Constituents of <i>Ocimum gratissimum</i> L. from Benin, and Impact on Antimicrobial Properties and Toxicity against <i>Artemia salina</i><scp>Leach</scp> (2012)

To determine the period of harvest that optimizes the antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. from Benin, aerial plant parts were collected at two vegetative stages (pre- and full-flowering) and three sampling times (7 am, 1 pm, and 7 pm). Extraction by hydrodistillation yielded between 0.65 and 0.78% of essential oils. Characterization of the oils by GC-FID and GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of monoterpenes (87.26-93.81%), sesquiterpenes (5.57-11.34%), and aliphatic compounds (0.15-0.18%), with p-cymene (1; 28.08-53.82%), thymol (2; 3.32-29.13%), γ-terpinene (3; 1.11-10.91%), α-thujene (4; 3.37-10.77%), and β-myrcene (5; 4.24-8.28%) as major components. Two chemotypes were observed, i.e., a p-cymene/thymol and a p-cymene chemotype, for plants harvested at 7 am for the former and at 1 pm or 7 pm for the latter, respectively. The oils were fungicidal against Candida albicans, with the sample from full-flowering plants collected at 7 am being the most active (MIC = 0.06±0.00 mg/ml). The chemical variation of the oils also influenced the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus; the most active oil was obtained from plants at the pre-flowering stage collected at 7 am (MIC=0.24±0.01 mg/ml). Escherichia coli was insensitive to the chemical variation of the oils (MICs of ca. 0.48±0.02 mg/ml for all oils). Moreover, the essential oils showed low toxicity against Artemia salina Leach larvae, with LC(50) values in the range of 43-146 μg/ml. This is the first study of the interaction between the daytime of collection and vegetative stage of the plants and the antimicrobial properties and toxicity of the essential oil of O. gratissimum from Benin.
Iatrogenic keratectasia after LASIK in a case of forme fruste keratoconus (1998)

We report an iatrogenic corneal ectasia that developed after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in a case of forme fruste keratoconus. One month postoperatively, corneal topography revealed a central steep area that showed rapid progression. Visual acuity in the eye decreased from 20/20 to 20/80. Corneas with forme fruste keratoconus may have altered biomechanical properties compared with normal corneas. Forme fruste keratoconus may be a contraindication for LASIK.
Degradation and failure of carbon nanotube field emitters (2003)

The failure of individual multiwall carbon nanotubes during field emission and two-probe characterization was studied in a scanning electron microscope on emitters grown by chemical vapor deposition. The failures induced by high currents during two-probe measurements led to a sundering of the tube in or near its middle, which is consistent with a local evaporation due to resistive heating. Conversely, failures during field emission occurred at or near the substrate-emitter contact. We show that the degradation is due to mechanical failure of the contact at low applied fields, and to resistive heating (probably enhanced by the mechanical stress) at high emitted currents.
Contrast sensitivity after implantation of diffractive bifocal and monofocal intraocular lenses (1998)

In patients with cataract and no other eye pathology, the diffractive bifocal IOL with slightly reduce the CS at all spatial frequencies. In those with reduced visual acuity after cataract surgery, CS will be reduced accordingly. In this situation, the reduction from the diffractive bifocal optic would be minor.
Learning temporary variable binding with dynamic links (1991)

A novel gradient-based system for processing sequential time-varying inputs and outputs is described. With the method it is possible to train a system with time-varying inputs and outputs to use its dynamic links for temporarily binding variable contents to variable names as long as it is necessary for solving a particular task. Various learning methods for nonstationary environments are derived. Two experiments with unknown time delays illustrate the approach. A by-product of this work is the demonstration that a system consisting of two feedforward networks can solve tasks that only dynamic recurrent networks were supposed to solve.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Computer animation: algorithms and techniques (2008)

Driven by the demands of research and the entertainment industry, the techniques of animation are pushed to render increasingly complex objects with ever-greater life-like appearance and motion. This rapid progression of knowledge and technique impacts professional developers, as well as students. Developers must maintain their understanding of conceptual foundations, while their animation tools become ever more complex and specialized. The second edition of Rick Parent's Computer Animation is an excellent resource for the designers who must meet this challenge. The first edition establ
An efficient synthesis of the optical isomers of nipradilol. (1990)

An efficient synthesis of all four optical isomers of nipradilol has been achieved. Thus, 8-methoxy-3-chromanone was reduced enantioselectively with baker's yeast to afford (3R)-8-methoxy-3-chromanol, which, after derivation to (3R)-8-acyloxy-3-chromanol, was led to (3S)- or (3R)-8-hydroxy-3-chromanyl nitrate (7 or 9) by selecting a reaction with retention (using acetyl nitrate) or inversion (using Bu4N+NO3-) of configuration. Futher, (3S)- and (3R)-8-methoxy-3-chromanol, prepared via chemical resolution of 8-methoxy-3-chromanyl N-mesyl-L-phenylalanylate, were also led to 7 or 9 in the same manner. Using 7 and 9, four optically active glycidyl ether derivatives (11-14) were synthesized by using a novel Me4N+Cl--catalyzed etherification reaction of phenol with (S)- and (R)-epichlorohydrin. Subsequent amination of 11-14 with isopropylamine afforded the four optical isomers of nipradilol.
Synthesis and biological properties of actinomycin D chromophoric analogs substituted at the 7-carbon with aziridine and aminopropoxy functions (1987)

The growing importance of functionalized aziridines in numerous organic biomolecules led us to develop syntheses of novel actinomycin D (AMD) analogues substituted with an aziridine. Reaction of 7-hydroxyactinomycin D with 2-(iodomethyl)aziridine produced the desired 7-(2-aziridinylmethoxy)actinomycin analogue. In an attempt to develop an alternate route to this analogue, 7-(2-azido-3-iodopropoxy)actinomycin was subjected to reduction with dimethylamine-borane complex; the reaction did not produce the three-membered aziridine; instead the reaction product was found to be linear 7-(2-aminopropoxy)actinomycin D. Calf-thymus-DNA binding of these analogues was comparable to that of AMD as examined by UV-visible difference spectral measurements, thermal denaturation of DNA, and CD techniques. The analogues were found to be about 1/4 to 1/30 as cytotoxic to human lymphoblastic CCRF-CEM leukemia and B16 melanoma cells in vitro as AMD.
Differences in Balance Strategies Between Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain Patients and Healthy Control Subjects During Unstable Sitting (2009)

A higher postural sway and high correlation between pelvis and trunk displacements was found in the LBP group compared with healthy controls.
Norfloxacin for the Prophylaxis of Travelers' Diarrhea in U.S. Military Personnel (1990)

Norfloxacin, an oral fluoroquinolone (dose 400 mg daily), was compared to a placebo in a double blinded randomized trial for the prophylaxis of travelers' diarrhea. The study was of U.S. Navy and Marine Corps personnel on shore leave in Alexandria, Egypt. A total of 222 subjects were available (105 norfloxacin, 117 placebo). In the placebo group, 26% (30/117) developed acute diarrhea vs. 2% (2/105) in the norfloxacin group. There were no significant side effects in either group.
S.N.H.S. Christmas Cards (1957)

e tapeworm in its embryo stage can ?so lethal to its temporary host.the mortality in fact due to the peworm or to some other cause?H.
Selenization of metallic Cu-In thin films for CuInSe2 solar cells (1989)

A new approach for formation of photovoltaic CuInSe2 films by chalcogenization of Cu-In multilayers with a thin selenium layer and subsequent heat treatments is presented. Morphological, compositional, and structural properties of films along with aspects of various processing conditions are discussed. The possibility of obtaining perfectly homogeneous chalcopyrite ternary films was affected by composition deviations from stoichiometry, although films obtained in a modified two-stage heat treatment processing were of good structural and photovoltaic quality. Heterojunctions with (Zn, Cd)S as window material showed efficiencies better than 5%, mainly limited by low open-circuit voltage and poor fill factor. Short-circuit currents were comparable to CuInSe2-based cells fabricated by multiple-source evaporation.
Hybrid Overlay Multicast Framework (2008)

We describe an experimental framework for constructing SAM sessions
using hybrid combinations of Application Layer Multicast, native
multicast, and multicast tunnels. We leverage AMT relay and gateway
elements for interoperation between native regions and ALM regions.
The framework allows different overlay algorithms and different ALM
control algorithms to be used.
4-channel × 10-Gbit/s hybrid integrated multiwavelength laser module using silica-based planar lightwave circuit platform with 1.5 %-Δ (2002)

We successfully fabricated a very compact hybrid integrated multiwavelength laser module with a 40-Gbit/s throughput, which consists of four directly modulated distributed feedback laser diodes and an arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexer by using a silica-based planar lightwave circuit with a super-high refractive index difference of 1.5%
Multi-layer text classification with voting for consumer reviews (2016)

As social media has become increasingly popular in the modern world, people are using these platforms to express their opinions about products, businesses, and services. The need for categorizing these consumer reviews has been prominent. One effective solution is sentiment analysis (SA), which has been an active research topic. The goal of SA is to automatically extracting and classifying user opinions. Pervious research works however have not shown satisfied results. In this paper, a multilayer architecture is proposed to increase the performance of multiclass classification. The framework includes data-preprocessing, feature extraction and selection, and classifier building. The framework is a two-layer classification, choosing from Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Logistic Regression as base models, and using a voting scheme to obtain the final predicted class. The proposed model is applied to more than 1.3 million restaurant reviews from the Yelp Challenge dataset. We have achieved a high accuracy of 86% for cross validation, and using real-world online review data as test data, we have achieved an accuracy of 80%. The results show that the proposed framework has greatly improved classification accuracy while comparing with those using single-layer architectures. We believe that the proposed method may be applied to, and would have significant contributions to other areas of opinion mining.
Lithium niobate thin films deposited on silicon substrates and their SAW applications (1995)

Abstract Lithium niobate has a number of attractive piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties that have been exploited for many applications. The main purpose of our work was to grow lithium niobate thin films on silicon substrates and make surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. Theoretical curves of SAW properties of bulk crystals and films lithium niobate on silicon with a coating of silicon oxide were also obtained. The theoretical results include elastic wave properties (velocities and power flow angle) in lithium niobate bulk crystals and SAW properties (velocities and coupling coefficients). Thin films of lithium niobate have been deposited on Si (100) substrates (with SiO2 coatings) by rf magnetron sputtering. Lithium niobate film samples with very good transparency and uniformity were obtained. The film samples were structurally analyzed using Bragg x-ray diffraction (XRD). Lithium niobate XRD peaks for specific sputtering conditions corresponding to thin film orientation of (012), (104) and (110) were identified. Highly textured films showing only one orientation of the lithium niobate could be grown for all those of these above orientation on identical amorphous substrates.
Effects on illumination uniformity due to dilution on arrays of LEDs (2004)

Light sources consisting of multiple Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are becoming the preferred choice for many lighting applications that require uniform illumination distribution. However, packaging density of LED arrays is limited by cost, available space, and particularly by thermal problems. Therefore low density or diluted arrays of LEDs are becoming the option for many applications. This paper presents an investigation of the effects on illumination uniformity due to dilution on light sources consisting of multiple LEDs. The characteristics of illumination uniformity are obtained for several diluted-array configurations and degrees of dilution. This analysis is performed using a radiometric analysis, and considering each LED as an imperfect Lambertian emitter. Analytical expressions are derived for the maximum degree of dilution for different configurations of LED arrays.
Alkylation of Asphaltenes (1964)

High-quality roofing asphalts are found to contain high-molecular-weight asphaltenes which exhibit a high tolerance for saturates and have a low carbon-to-hydrogen (C/H) ratio. These asphaltenes are believed to possess a few long, paraffinic side chains rather than many short chains or naphthenic groups. Evidence supporting this hypothesis was provided by the results of experiments in which highly aromatic asphaltenes were alkylated with various saturates by exposure of asphaltene-saturate mixtures to the 3-Mev electron beam of a Van de Graaff accelerator. The base asphaltenes were alkylated with up to 30 per cent of their weight of saturate, producing alkylated asphaltenes of considerably reduced C/H ratio and of increased molecular weight. Using paraffins of carbon numbers 16 to 25, it is estimated that 6 to 10 side chains were present in the average alkylated asphaltene molecule. The blending characteristics were improved in that the saturate tolerance was greatly increased; in addition, coating-grade asphalts blended from the alkylated asphaltenes had improved durability. Decane was less effective as an alkylating agent than were the C16 to C25 paraffins, and waxes in the C40 range presented problems in separation of unreacted wax from the alkylated asphaltene product. Less improvement in durability was found with branched paraffins such as squalane and with naphthenic saturates, thus indicating the desirability of long chain length. Asphalt compositions having these improved charac eristics can be prepared by exposing either the whole asphalt or an asphaltene-rich fraction, together with suitable alkanes, to high-energy ionizing radiation at a dosage of about 109 rads.