gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<p>Relevancia de planes de formación inicial de profesores de matemáticas</p> (2007)

El establecimiento del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior ha generado la necesidad de procedimientos para establecer en qué medida el diseño de un programa de formación de profesores se adapta a una lista de competencias. Exploramos este problema y proponemos un instrumento para evaluar la relevancia de un curso dentro de un programa de formación. Los resultados que se obtienen con este instrumento pueden usarse para establecer el grado con el que un diseño curricular satisface las expectativas que la sociedad le impone y para caracterizarlo en términos de esas expectativas. Ilustramos este proceso con ejemplos de cursos de formación inicial de profesores de matemáticas de secundaria en tres universidades españolas. Relevance of Preservice Mathematics Teachers Training Programs The establishment of the Higher Education European Space has produced the need for procedures to measure how well a teacher education program design fits to a set of competences. We explore this problem and propose an instrument for assessing the relevance of the syllabus of a course pertaining to a program. The results obtained with this instrument can be used to assess the degree to which a syllabus fulfils the expectations that society places upon it and to characterize it in terms of those expectations. We illustrate this process with an example of a methods course in three Spanish universities.Handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/4701
Bandwidth management for AAL2 traffic (2000)

Bandwidth management in AAL2 networks is investigated mainly from the traffic performance point of view. AAL2 is a new asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) adaptation layer. Since it is designed to carry low-bit-rate voice signals efficiently, it should be used in the ATM backbone for mobile networks, especially in the IMT-2000 network (International Mobile Telecommunication in the Year 2000 network). Three alternatives for bandwidth management, which differ in the way the ATM layer service is used and how admission of AAL2 connections to a virtual channel (VC) is judged, are shown and their performances are evaluated theoretically. The best performance is obtained by the alternative of using unspecified bit rate VCs and judging admission of AAL2 connections to a virtual path. The advantage of using a variable bit rate is found to be limited. The effectiveness of introducing AAL2 switching nodes is also shown.
The crystal and molecular structures of 3-methyl-4-nitropyridine N-oxide and 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitropyridine N-oxide (1977)

The crystal structures of 3-methyl-4-nitropyridine N-oxide (M4NPO), tetragonal 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitropyridine N-oxide (D4NPO-T) and orthorhombic D4NPO (D4NPO-O) have been determined. M4NPO is orthorhombic, space group P2~2~2~, a=21-359(2) , b6.111(1),c=5.132(1)A, Z = 4 . D4NPO-T is tctragonal, space group P4~2j2, a = 7.443 (1), c = 13.447 (1) A, Z4. D4NPO-O is orthorhombic, space group Pbca, a = 7.329 (1), b = 14.912 (2), c = 13.852 (2) A, Z = 8. The intensity data were collected on a four-circle diffractometer by use of Zr-filtered Mo Ka radiation. The structures were refined by a blockdiagonal least-squares method to R = 0.062 for M4NPO (661 reflexions), 0.051 for D4NPO-T (472) and 0.085 for D4NPO-O (941). The twist angles of the nitro group out ofthe molecular plane are 16.7, 49.4 and 51.1 °, and the N--O distances of the N-oxide group are 1.292 (1.299 after libration corrections), 1.289 (1.293) and 1.302 (1.306) A in the order given above. The contribution of the quinoid structure to the resonance forms is signifcant in the two molecules, as in 4-nitropyridine N-oxide. The intramolecular charge transfer from the N-oxide group O atom to the nitro group plays an important role in stabilizing these molecules in less-twisted conformations than those of their related compounds.
A Causal Redefinition of Failure Rate-Theorems, Stress Dependence, and Application to Devices and Distributions (1966)

A formalism is established for calculating the reliability of devices starting from causal, physical analysis of the devices' operational and failure modes. A measured device quantity q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> is expressed in terms of basic material properties p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> , which in turn may depend on time t and stresses s <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> . Then defining a kinetic sensitivity θ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> = (∂q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> /∂p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> ) x (∂p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> /∂S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> ), and failure functionψ = /spl singma/ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> θj, it is possible to prove very powerful theorems which show that the kinetics of the failure mechanisms are as important as the stress dependence of the failure mechanism in determining the stress dependence of the failure rate. The failure rate of a device F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> is defined as the reciprocal of the time to failure τi. The failure rate F (cumulant) for a distribution is defined as the arithmetic mean of the failure rates of the individual devices. It is shown that a number S = F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">τ</sub> can be used to describe the width of a distribution and also to relate the failure rate of a distribution to that of the one device studied in the physical analysis of the devices' operation. Certain prevailing reliability practices are found to have serious deficiencies in terms of underestimating the significance of early failures, when compared with the results of the above causal formalism.
A multi-agent system for building dynamic ontologies (2007)

Ontologies building from text is still a time-consuming task which justifies the growth of Ontology Learning. Our system named Dynamo is designed along this domain but following an original approach based on an adaptive multi-agent architecture. In this paper we present a distributed hierarchical clustering algorithm, core of our approach. It is evaluated and compared to a more conventional centralized algorithm. We also present how it has been improved using a multi-criteria approach. With those results in mind, we discuss the limits of our system and add as perspectives the modifications required to reach a complete ontology building solution.
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for the Rapid Detection of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2013)

Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is an important human pathogen that produces a variety of toxins and causes a wide range of infections, including soft-tissue infections, bacteremia, and staphylococcal food poisoning. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the arcC gene of S. aureus was developed and evaluated with 119 S. aureus and 25 non-S. aureus strains. The usefulness of the assay was compared with the PCR method that targets spa and arcC genes. The optimal temperature for the LAMP assay was 58.5°C with a detection limit of 2.5 ng/μL and 10(2) CFU/mL when compared to 12.5 ng/μL and 10(3) CFU/mL for PCR (spa and arcC). Both LAMP and PCR assays were 100% specific, 100% sensitive, 100% positive predictive value (PPV), and 100% negative predictive value (NPV). When tested on 30 spiked blood specimens (21 MRSA, eight non-S. aureus and one negative control), the performance of LAMP and PCR was comparable: 100% specific, 100% sensitive, 100% PPV, and 100% NPV. In conclusion, the LAMP assay was equally specific with a shorter detection time when compared to PCR in the identification of S. aureus. The LAMP assay is a promising alternative method for the rapid identification of S. aureus and could be used in resource-limited laboratories and fields.
Tikhonov regularisation for non-linear ill-posed problems: optimal convergence rates and finite-dimensional approximation (1989)

The author studies Tikhonov regularisation as a stable method for approximating the solutions of non-linear ill-posed problems. The authors gives conditions that guarantee the best possible rate O( delta 23/) for the regularised solutions, where delta is a norm bound for the noise in the data, in the infinite-dimensional setting, and illustrates these conditions for several examples including parameter estimation. The author also presents results on convergence and convergence rates for Tikhonov regularisation combined with the finite-dimensional approximation.
A Novel Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) System with the Improvement of Irradiance Uniformity and the Capturing of Diffuse Solar Radiation (2016)

This paper proposes a novel concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system with improved irradiation uniformity and system efficiency. CPV technology is very promising its for highly efficient solar energy conversion. A conventional CPV system usually uses only one optical component, such as a refractive Fresnel lens or a reflective parabolic dish, to collect and concentrate solar radiation on the solar cell surface. Such a system creates strongly non-uniform irradiation distribution on the solar cell, which tends to cause hot spots, current mismatch, and degrades the overall efficiency of the system. Additionally, a high-concentration CPV system is unable to collect diffuse solar radiation. In this paper, we propose a novel CPV system with improved irradiation uniformity and collection of diffuse solar radiation. The proposed system uses a Fresnel lens as a primary optical element (POE) to concentrate and focus the sunlight and a plano-concave lens as a secondary optical element (SOE) to uniformly distribute the sunlight over the surface of multi-junction (MJ) solar cells. By using the SOE, the irradiance uniformity is significantly improved in the system. Additionally, the proposed system also captures diffuse solar radiation by using an additional low-cost solar cell surrounding MJ cells. In our system, incident direct solar radiation is captured by MJ solar cells, whereas incident diffuse solar radiation is captured by the low-cost solar cell. Simulation models were developed using a commercial optical simulation tool (LightTools™). The irradiance uniformity and efficiency of the proposed CPV system were analyzed, evaluated, and compared with those of conventional CPV systems. The analyzed and simulated results show that the CPV system significantly improves the irradiance uniformity as well as the system efficiency compared to the conventional CPV systems. Numerically, for our simulation models, the designed CPV with the SOE and low-cost cell provided an optical power ratio increase of about 17.12% compared to the conventional CPV without the low-cost cell, and about 10.26% compared to the conventional CPV without using both the SOE and additional low-cost cell.
The therapeutic potential of synthetic multivalent carbohydrates (1998)

Recent progress has been made in constructing synthetic multivalent carbohydrate ligands targeted at known or probable multivalent carbohydrate ligand receptors. Multivalency can dramatically compensate for the weak affinities of individual carbohydrate ligand moieties. Multivalent branched ligand mimetics have been described bearing multiple mannoside, galactoside, lactoside and Sialyl Lewis X (SLe(x)) moieties. New methods for polymeric backbone construction have provided glyco-polymers of defined and controllable size. Promising examples of multivalent ligands giving significant increases in binding potency are being pursued. These types of agents have extensive therapeutic potential in treating infectious diseases or host abnormalities, and also offer exciting potential as drug-conjugate cell-targeting agents.
Flavin-sensitized photodecomposition of anilines and phenols (1989)

Abstract Riboflavin, a known photosensitizer, when initially added at 5 m̈m to solutions of added phenols or anilines (structurally related to common environmental contaminants) greatly accelerated the rate of their loss in the presence of light. The sensitized photolysis rates increased in the absence of oxygen, suggesting a mechanism involving direct energy or electron transfer between flavin excited states and acceptor molecules. A preliminary kinetic model was developed to calculate loss rates. Riboflavin itself was rapidly converted in aqueous solution by Pyrex-filtered mercury arc light to products that had variable efficiencies as sensitizers.
A simple and efficient cryopreservation method for primate embryonic stem cells (2004)

Human embryonic stem (ES) cells have the potential to differentiate into all cell types. As these cells may be able to provide an unlimited cell source for transplantation therapies, it is necessary to establish reliable methods for their handling and manipulation, including human ES cell cryopreservation. Here, we report the development of a simple and efficient cryopreservation method for primate ES cell lines using vitrification in conventional cryovials. Using standard slow-rate cooling methods, the cryopreservation efficiency for cynomolgus monkey ES cell lines was approximately 0.4%, while that for a human ES cell line was virtually 0%. Primate ES cell lines, however, were successfully cryopreserved by the present vitrification method using conventional cryovials yielding a survival rate of about 6.5% for monkey ES cells and 12.2% for human ES cells. Vitrified ES cells quickly recovered after thawing and exhibited a morphology indistinguishable from non-vitrified cells. In addition, they retained a normal karyotype and continued to express ES cell markers after thawing. Thus, our vitrification ES cell cryopreservation method expands the utility of primate ES cells for various research and clinical purposes.
1968 and After (1998)

For 1968 to suddenly appear in a series of chapters on philosophers suggests that something of peculiar significance to European philosophy happened in that year of rioting, barricades, and political turmoil. The unprecedented wave of discontent which swept much of the world in 1968 was significant wherever it arose, but in France, where it nearly succeeded in destroying the state, the effects on the cultural and intellectual life of the country were enormous; so much so that only an impoverished understanding of recent European philosophy is possible without some sense of the atmosphere and themes of 1968. The debates about humanism and subjectivity, power and desire which inform the work of writers such as Foucault, Lyotard, Irigaray, Deleuze and Guattari are intimately entangled with the events of that year. While there are many other paths through which the philosophical significance of 1968 could be pursued, the trajectory through poststructuralist and psychoanalytic theory which these philosophers trace is perhaps the most interesting way of considering the impact of what is variously referred to as May '68, the May events, or just les événements, the events.KeywordsCapitalist SocietyPsychoanalytic TheorySocial RevolutionSymbolic OrderPhilosophical ReflectionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Purification and Characterization of an Intracellular Inulinase from Bacillus sphaericus 188-1 (2002)

In order to obtain basal data for industrial application of inulinase from Bacillus sphaeicus 188-1, its intracellular inulinase was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-100. The enzyme was homogeneous as judged by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with an apparent molecular weight of 29 kDa. Inulinase activity was optimal at pH 6.5 and 40℃. The enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+) and Hg^(2+). The inulinase exhibited an apparent Km value of 0.014% for inulin.
Generalizable and Robust TV Advertising Effects (2020)

We provide generalizable and robust results on the causal sales effect of TV advertising for a large number of products in many categories. Such generalizable results provide a prior distribution that can improve the advertising decisions made by firms and the analysis and recommendations of policy makers. To provide generalizable results, we base our analysis on a large number of products and clearly lay out the research protocol used to select the products. We characterize the distribution of all estimates, irrespective of sign, size, or statistical significance. To ensure generalizability, we document the robustness of the estimates. First, we examine the sensitivity of the results to the assumptions made when constructing the data used in estimation. Second, we document whether the estimated effects are sensitive to the identification strategies that we use to claim causality based on observational data. Our results reveal substantially smaller advertising elasticities compared to the results documented in the extant literature, as well as a sizable percentage of statistically insignificant or negative estimates. Finally, we conduct an analysis of return on investment (ROI). While our results show that many brands perform better with their observed advertising than they would without advertising, we document considerable over-investment in advertising at the margin.
Djeca kao potrošači zabave putem elektroničkih medija i nasilje (2005)

U radu su razmatrana obilježja zabave koja se isporucuje putem elektronickih medija, njihov utjecaj na djecu kao potrosace, te praksa takve zabave prema djeci. Utvrđeno je da danasnja zabava putem elektronickih medija obiluje nasiljem, a kod video igara zbog interaktivnog karaktera potrosaci, najvise djeca, su u nasilje izravno i ukljuceni. Velikim brojem istraživanja utvrđeno je da nasilje u medijima ima visestruki negativan utjecaj na djecu, i to kratkorocno i dugorocno. Tim je poraznija utvrđena cinjenica da industrija zabave u SAD svjesno cilja djecu s neprikladnim sadržajima, a takvih slucajeva ima i u Hrvatskoj. U empirijskom dijelu, gdje je provedeno istraživanje na uzorku roditelja djece od 8 do 12 godina utvrđeno je sljedece: domovi djece su u visokom postotku opremljeni audiovizualnim uređajima i dosta su zastupljeni u djecjim sobama, njihovo je vremensko koristenje osrednje, roditelji smatraju da mediji obiluju nasiljem i to najvise televizija, te su percepcije videoigara povoljnije od njihovog stvarnog sadržaja. Zastita djece se može postici formalnim sustavima zastite, medijskim obrazovanjem djece i roditelja te informiranjem javnosti uz konacno rjesenje otklanjanja uzroka prisutnosti takve zabave na tržistu.
Application Scripting (2010)

One of the most common uses of the DLR and dynamic languages is in the area of application scripting. Application scripting allows users to control an application's behavior by writing scripts. For example, users might write scripts to automate routine tasks. They might use scripts to add new features or to customize existing functionalities. They might write scripts that integrate an application with other applications. The usage scenarios are many and the benefits are real. In this chapter, we will look at this important use of the DLR and dynamic languages. Specifically, we will develop a fun application that has balls bouncing around, and we will open up part of the application for users to customize. The way we open up the application is by exposing its object model for users to script. Users or third-party vendors can write custom IronPython code to script the object model. Our application will use the DLR Hosting API to load and run those custom IronPython scripts.
Desilication: on the controlled generation of mesoporosity in MFI zeolites (2006)

Recent studies have shown that desilication by treatment in alkaline medium is, with respect to other methods, a very suitable and reproducible methodology to obtain mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites with preserved structural integrity. This feature article analyzes mechanistic and kinetic aspects associated with this post-synthesis treatment. Framework aluminium controls the process of framework silicon extraction and makes desilication selective towards intracrystalline mesopore formation. An optimal molar Si/Al ratio in the range of 25–50 has been identified. At higher Si/Al ratios non-selective and excessive extraction of framework silicon occurs, while minor extraction and limited mesopore formation occurs at lower ratios. The presence of non-framework aluminium species, for example obtained by steam treatment, inhibits mesopore formation by alkaline treatment due to reinsertion of these species into the zeolite framework. Additional kinetic optimization of the physicochemical properties of the hierarchical porous zeolite structures is achieved by variation of time and temperature of the alkaline treatment. A successive combination of post-treatments, in which desilication is followed by dealumination, enables a decoupled modification of the mesoporous and acidic properties, being interesting in catalyst design and optimization. Preliminary work on other zeolite framework types has shown a promising outlook of the alkaline treatment. Development of mesoporous zeolites via desilication should induce a more efficient usage of the zeolite crystal due to an improved accessibility and a facilitated transport to and from the active sites.
<title>Ultra-wideband radar receiver</title> (1992)

Two receiver systems are under development which elaborate a ultrawideband (UWB) receiver architecture based on a 0-1 GHz time delay-channelized receiver. With the appropriate processing hardware, this receiver may be able to operate at much higher data rates than the transient digitizers currently in use. While one receiver system version employs 200 MHz A/D converters, the other uses 500 MHz A/D converters.
Metabolism of cellobiose by Clostridium cellulolyticum growing in continuous culture: evidence for decreased NADH reoxidation as a factor limiting growth (1998)

Previous results indicated that molar growth yields are reduced when <i>Clostridium cellulolyticum</i> is cultured in media containing cellobiose concentrations greater than 1 g I<sup>-1</sup>. Continuous cultures were examined to determine the physiological basis of these poor growth yields. Acetate was the main product of <i>C. cellulolyticum</i> metabolism, whereas the production of reduced compounds such as ethanol or lactate was low. Such patterns of product formation were accompanied by a 12-fold increase in intracellular NADH concentration when the cellobiose flow was increased. Catabolic enzymic activities were measured <i>in vitro</i>. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), acetate kinase and phosphoroclastic activities were found at similar levels as in cells metabolizing higher substrate concentrations. In contrast, lactate dehydrogenase activity was low and correlated with the rate of lactate production. Furthermore, an inhibition of GAPDH activity by high NADH/NAD<sup>+</sup> ratios was established. These results suggested that a decreased NADH reoxidation could be responsible for limiting <i>C. cellulolyticum</i> growth. Lactate and ethanol production were not sufficient to balance out the NADH produced in the GAPDH step of glycolysis. One consequence of poor NADH reoxidation would be an increase in intracellular concentration of NADH, which in turn could inhibit GAPDH activity.