gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A state-based technique for the summarization and recognition of gesture (2002)

We define a gesture to be a sequence of states in a measurement or configuration space. For a given gesture, these states are used to capture both the repeatability and variability evidenced in a training set of example trajectories. The states are positioned along a prototype of the gesture, and shaped such that they are narrow in the directions in which the ensemble of examples is tightly constrained, and wide in directions in which a great deal of variability is observed. We develop techniques for computing a prototype trajectory of an ensemble of trajectories, for defining configuration states along the prototype, and for recognizing gestures from an unsegmented, continuous stream of sensor data. The approach is illustrated by application to a range of gesture-related sensory data: the two-dimensional movements of a mouse input device, the movement of the hand measured by a magnetic spatial position and orientation sensor, and, lastly, the changing eigenvector projection coefficients computed from an image sequence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Woolly apple aphid<i>Eriosoma lanigerum</i>Hausmann ecology and its relationship with climatic variables and natural enemies in Mediterranean areas (2014)

A multilateral approach that includes both biotic and climatic data was developed to detect the main variables that affect the ecology and population dynamics of woolly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann). Crawlers migrated up and down the trunk mainly from spring to autumn and horizontal migration through the canopy was observed from May to August. Winter temperatures did not kill the canopy colonies, and both canopy and root colonies are the source of reinfestations in Mediterranean areas. Thus, control measures should simultaneously address roots and canopy. European earwigs Forficula auricularia (Linnaeus) were found to reduce the survival of overwintering canopy colonies up to June, and this can allow their later control by the parasitoid Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) from summer to fall. Preliminary models to predict canopy infestations were developed.
Diffusion-free ultrafast carrier dynamics in silicon nano-pillars (2009)

We have investigated ultrafast carriers dynamics in crystalline silicon nano-pillars structure using a pump-probe reflectivity method with 800 nm, 150 fs laser pulses and fluence in the range of {17 - 170} mJ/cm^2. Dimensions of the structure allow us to eliminate contribution from the diffusion process to the relaxation dynamics of the excited carriers. Strong intensity-dependent time-resolved reflectivity change, ΔR(τ_d), was monitored in the submelting regime. At strong pumping ΔR(τ_d) can reach up to 8%, a several times higher than for a bulk silicon. From the measurements we deduced recombination time of up to 10 ns at carriers density of ~1 x 10^20 cm^-3, while electron-phonon interaction occurs during 350-400 fs and it is independent of the concentration.
A filter fermenter—apparatus and control equipment (1982)

Laboratory equipment for cultivation of microorganisms with the removal of cell-free medium is described. Separation is accomplished by filtration through a membrane which is built into a top-driven fermenter. A system is presented which controls the flow rate by automatic cleaning of the filter. Flow schemes for batch and continuous fermentations are shown. The filter fermenter is useful when studying continuous culture with feedback of biomass or processes where growth or product formation rates are influenced by inhibitory metabolites. Results are presented from experiments with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pedicoccus pentosaceus, and Zymomonas mobilis.
WWW electronic commerce and java trojan horses (1996)

World Wide Web electronic commerce applications often require consumers to enter private information (such as credit card numbers) into forms in the browser window. If third parties can insert trojan horse applications onto a consumer&apos;s machine, they can monitor keyboard strokes and steal private information. This paper outlines a simple way to accomplish this using Java or similar remote execution facilities. We implemented a simple version of this attack. We give a general method, window personalization, that can thwart or prevent this attack. 1 Introduction Computer security experts have long recognized the threat of trojan horse programs [6, 15, 13]: programs that appear to perform one function while actually performing a second, unwanted function. A particular concern arises from the presentation of an interface to a user or consumer. Since human users identify applications by their interface, a human user may be unable to distinguish a legitimate program from a rogue program&apos;s ...
Inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A with the small molecule LB100 overcomes cell cycle arrest in osteosarcoma after cisplatin treatment (2015)

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor and affects a significant portion of pediatric oncology patients. Although surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy confer significant survival benefits, many patients go on to develop metastatic disease, particularly to the lungs, secondary to development of drug resistance. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A with the small molecule, LB100, has demonstrated potent chemo- and radio-sensitizing properties in numerous pre-clinical tumor models. In this study, we showed that LB100 overcame DNA repair mechanisms in osteosarcoma cells treated with cisplatin, in vitro, and recapitulated these findings in an in vivo xenograft model. Notably, the addition of LB100 to cisplatin prevented development of pulmonary metastases in the majority of treated animals. Our data indicated the mechanism of chemo-sensitization by LB100 involved abrogation of the ATM/ATR-activated DNA damage response, leading to hyperphosphorylation of Chk proteins and persistent cyclin activity. In addition, LB100 exposure suppressed Akt signaling, leading to Mdm2-mediated proteasomal degradation of functional p53. Taken together, LB100 prevented repair of cisplatin-induced DNA damage, resulting in mitotic catastrophe and cell death.
Distributed execution of recovery blocks: an approach for uniform treatment of hardware and software faults in real-time applications (1989)

The concept of distributed execution of recovery blocks is examined as an approach for uniform treatment of hardware and software faults. A useful characteristic of the approach is the relatively small time cost it requires. The approach is thus suitable for incorporation into real-time computer systems. A specific formulation of the approach that is aimed at minimizing the recovery time is presented, called the distributed recovery blocks scheme. The DRB scheme is capable of effecting forward recovery while handling both hardware and software faults in a uniform manner. An approach to incorporating the capability for distributed execution of recovery blocks into a load-sharing multiprocessing scheme is also discussed. Two experiments aimed at testing the execution efficiency of the scheme in real-time applications have been conducted on two different multimicrocomputer networks. The results clearly indicate the feasibility of achieving tolerance of hardware and software faults.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Feedstock Effects On Selecting The Appropriate Coil Configuration For Cracking Furnaces (2010)

In the present research, steam cracking of two types of feedstocks i.e., naphtha and ethane is simulated for Pyrocrack1-1 and 2/2 coil configurations considering two key parameters of coil outlet temperature (COT) and coil capacity using a radical based kinetic model. The computer model is confirmed using the industrial data obtained from Amirkabir Petrochemical Complex. The results are in good agreement with performance data for naphtha cracking in a wide range of severity (0.4-0.7), and for ethane cracking on various conversions (50-70). It was found that Pyrocrack2-2 coil type is an appropriate choice for steam cracking of ethane at reasonable ethylene yield while resulting in much lower tube wall temperature while Pyrocrack1-1 coil type is a proper selection for liquid feedstocks i.e. naphtha. It can be used for cracking of liquid feedstocks at optimal ethylene yield whereas not exceeding the allowable maximum tube temperature.
Breast-Specific Gamma Imaging for the Detection of Breast Cancer in Dense Versus Nondense Breasts (2014)

BSGI has high sensitivities for the detection of breast cancer in women with dense and nondense breasts and is an effective adjunct imaging modality in women with both dense and nondense breasts.
<title>Segmenting full-length VBR video into shots for modeling with Markov-modulated gamma-based framework</title> (2001)

All traffic models for MPEG-like encoded variable bit rate (VBR) video can be categorized into (i) data rate models (DRMs), and (ii) frame size models (FSMs). Almost all proposed VBR traffic models are DRMs. Since DRMs generate only data arrival rate, they are good for estimating average packet-loss and ATM buffer over-flowing probabilities, but fail to identify such details as percentage of frames affected. FSMs generate sizes of individual MPEG frames, and are good for studying frame loss rate in addition to data loss rate. Among three previously proposed FSMs: (i) one generates frame sizes for full-length movies without preserving GOP-periodicity; (ii) another generates frame sizes for full-length movies without preserving size-based video-segment transitions; and (iii) the third generates VBR video traffic for news videos from scene content description provided to it presupposing a proper segmentation. In this paper, we propose two segmentation techniques for VBR videos - (a) Equal Number of GOPs in all shot classes (ENG), and (b) Geometrically Increasing Interval Lengths for shot classes (GIIL). Each technique partitions the GOPs in the video into size-based shot classes. Frames in each class produce three data-sets one each for I-, B-, and P-type frames. Each of these data-sets can be modeled with an axis shifted Gamma distribution. Markov renewal processes model interclass transitions. We have used QQ plots to show visual similarity of model-generated VBR video data-sets with original data-set. Leaky-bucket simulation study has been used to show similarity of data and frame loss rates between model-generated videos and original video. Our study of frame-based VBR video revealed GIIL segmentation technique separates the I-, B-, and P- frames in well behaved shot classes whose statistical properties can be captured by Gamma-based models.
Studies on the composition and properties of thermophilic Bacillus populations in subterranean thermal waters of Budapest (Hungary). (1997)

A collection of 148 thermophilic Bacillus isolates were obtained from two thermal wells (water temperature at about 70 degrees C) in the area of Budapest (Hungary). These isolates, furthermore seven authentic thermophilic reference strains of Bacillus spp. were submitted to detailed comparative biochemical-physiological studies. Overall similarities of these strains for 134 unit characters were determined by the SSM coefficient and clustering achieved using the UPGMA algorithm. According to the results of our computer aided numerical taxonomic analyses, numerous metabolic types, varieties and mutants of a single Bacillus sp. not identical with the known thermophilic Bacillus species constitute the major fraction of the indigenous thermophilic microbial communities in the thermal waters of the Pascal and Széchenyi wells. The data also revealed, (1) that the most adapted varieties of this Bacillus sp. can form the most dense local populations in these subterranean ecological systems. Furthermore, it seems to be probable (2) that the cells of the most commonly occurring varieties of this Bacillus sp. may be able to migrate in the underground thermal water systems between diverse subterranean regions located more or less far from one another.
Seismic-guided estimation of log properties (Part 1: A data-driven interpretation methodology) (1994)

Seismic data are routinely and effectively used to estimate the structure of reservoir bodies but often play no role in the essential task of estimating the spatial distribution of reservoir or rock properties. Yet, for a long time, we have been using attributes or other features of seismic data to gain useful clues in the interpretation process. Since the 1960s, we have known that reflection amplitude is sensitive to the thickness of thin beds. In the 1970s, bright spots were discovered to be useful in forecasting the presence of gas sands. Then, in the 1980s, amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis was identified as an even more refined indicator for gas sands or other situations, giving rise to Poisson’s ratio contrasts. Other examples exist, such as predicting porosity from calibrated acoustic impedance values computed from seismic data.
Monensin Mode of Action in the Rumen (1984)

The ionophore monensin is used as a model to examine the modes of action important in manipulating rumen function. Several system modes of action probably result from the basic mode of action of the ionophore modifying the movement of ions across the membranes of rumen microbes. While there are many biological responses reported in the literature for monensin, they can be consolidated into seven categories or system modes of action. The modification of volatile fatty acid production is one widely recognized category of great importance. Modified feed intake should also be considered to be important. The third system mode of action, change in gas production, probably contributes only a limited savings in energy. Modified digestibilities are probably quite variable as a mode of action, but may be a significant factor. The change in protein utilization appears to result from several factors that are occurring simultaneously. Modification of rumen fill and rate of passage may be important in causing some of the previously mentioned system modes of action to occur. A seventh category inclusive of several monensin responses that are more indirect to the rumen, or sporadic in nature, is included. Increased animal production from the use of monensin appears to occur as a result of these several system modes of action, which probably act in concert. It is impossible to accurately assess a quantitative contribution of each of these categories at the present time.
NIRFaceNet: A Convolutional Neural Network for Near-Infrared Face Identification (2016)

Near-infrared (NIR) face recognition has attracted increasing attention because of its advantage of illumination invariance. However, traditional face recognition methods based on NIR are designed for and tested in cooperative-user applications. In this paper, we present a convolutional neural network (CNN) for NIR face recognition (specifically face identification) in non-cooperative-user applications. The proposed NIRFaceNet is modified from GoogLeNet, but has a more compact structure designed specifically for the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation (CASIA) NIR database and can achieve higher identification rates with less training time and less processing time. The experimental results demonstrate that NIRFaceNet has an overall advantage compared to other methods in the NIR face recognition domain when image blur and noise are present. The performance suggests that the proposed NIRFaceNet method may be more suitable for non-cooperative-user applications.
Load Spectrum Compilation and Analysis of Acceleration Life Test for High Speed Train Carbody (2017)

摘要： 铝合金车体是高速列车的关键核心部件，设计中需要满足超长疲劳寿命要求。工程中，为避免实际运行中发生疲劳失效，同时降低试验成本，常采用加速寿命试验方法。采用车辆系统动力学方法计算获得车体随机载荷谱，对载荷谱进行处理，得到载荷频次图；基于FKM标准，编制三种载荷比下1×107次循环对应的车体加速载荷谱；采用有限元法，分别施加三种载荷比条件下的载荷谱，得到对应的加速系数；分别采用线性及非线性损伤累积理论，分析载荷块谱的加载顺序对车体损伤累积的影响。得出结论：在原始载荷谱和加速载荷谱作用下，车体结构各点疲劳损伤均小于1，满足设计要求；分别提高载荷比至P=1/3和P=2/3，对应的加速系数为12.75和218.65；载荷谱加载顺序对车体疲劳累积损伤有影响：以P=2/3为例，高-低顺序载荷谱循环632次时，损伤值累积达1，而对应相同的损伤值，低-高顺序载荷谱仅需要循环614次。结果表明车体承受载荷存在低应力幅占优的特点，即低-高加载顺序具有更好的加速效果。对车体加速寿命试验载荷谱的编制及分析方法研究，为车体台架疲劳试验提供理论依据及科学指导。
Evaluation of Various Methods of Assessing Symptoms of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (2001)

The frequency of poststroke dementia and cognitive decline varied sharply when different systems of diagnostic classification and methods were used. This may have serious influences on investigation and treatment of patients. We underline the importance of further debate and studies to refine the categories of cognitive impairment used in the setting of CVD.
An analysis of the magnetotelluric impedance for three-dimensional conductivity structures (1986)

Abstract The eigenstate analysis of Lanczos, also known as singular value decomposition (SVD), is used to define eight parameters which uniquely describe the magnetotelluric impedance Z. These parameters are independent of a priori assumptions about Z and can be interpreted in terms of three-dimensional conductivity structures. Through SVD, the impedance is represented by two characteristic states. These states consist of two pairs (E and H) of complex vectors and two corresponding, real, singular values which together describe the extremal properties of Z. The singular values are the maximum and minimum |E|/|H| ratios possible at the observation site and therefore yield the true maximum and minimum apparent resistivities. We use a variation of SVD analysis by incorporating phases in the singular values, which are then called characteristic values. These phases reflect the delay (caused by the earth's conductivity) of the electric fields relative to their associated magnetic fields. In this analysis of Z, the characteristic values contain four parameters, two singular values and two phases. The characteristic vectors contain the remaining four parameters, two principal axis directions and two ellipticities. The principal axis directions for the E and H vectors need not be at right angles as in biorthogonal analysis. The deviation of these axes from orthogonality is called the “skew angle” S. From a model by Park, we have found S to be closely related to distortions in the telluric current system caused by current gathering due to a good conductor. From the same model, we have found the ellipticity parameters to be the largest in regions of high current distortion and at the shorter periods. Consequently, we speculate that the ellipticity parameters are associated with local induction.
Quality inspection of nanoscale patterns produced by Laser Interference Lithography using image analysis techniques (2009)

This paper introduces the quality inspection of nanoscale patterns produced by the Laser Interference Lithography (LIL) technology using image analysis techniques. In this paper, patterns of two-beam and four-beam interferences are considered. Image analysis techniques based on the Hough transform (HT) and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) have been applied to detect and estimate various quality parameters for the two types of textures. The HT and a modified grey-scaled HT are introduced as a global approach for the analysis of the two-beam interference patterns. Surface parameters, such as the period, depth, and their uniformities, can be obtained directly without a priori knowledge of the textures. Due to different pattern structures and strong noise effects, the four-beam patterns are dealt with a different approach, using a statistical method based on the likelihood function to estimate each circle's center and shape. Taking into consideration of noises and defects, another further rejection step is introduced to filter out noises and defects. Results from experimental samples are presented.
The Use of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure (2015)

The concurrent management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic congestive heart failure presents several therapeutic challenges. Of concern is that insulin and insulin-sensitizing medications detrimentally "flood" the heart with energy-providing substrates, including fats and glucose. In this population, treatment of T2DM should focus on the reduction of increased substrate supply. Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, a new class of antidiabetic medication, operate via this principle by blocking the reabsorption of glucose in the kidney and subsequently releasing glucose through the urine. In this review, we begin with an examination of the mechanisms of glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity in the heart. Then we analyze the potential role of SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy in patients with concurrent T2DM and chronic heart failure. Based on the available evidence, SGLT-2 inhibitors are safe and can be recommended to treat T2DM in patients with chronic heart failure and intact renal function. Further studies are in progress to assess long-term survival benefits.
Development and Application of Ultrasonic Methods for Measuring Fat Thickness and Rib-Eye Area in Cattle and Hogs1 (1961)

An ultrasonic technique was developed and used to produce cross-sectional outlines of the rib-eye and associated fat at the 13 th rib of cattle and hogs. The procedure varied with development of technique and instrumentation from individual recording and plotting of reflected signals from numerous probings to a mechanized scan with one resulting photographic display. Since the procedure and data varied for different groups the data were treated in eight groups containing a total of 327 cattle and one group of 42 hogs. Correlation coefficients for ultrasonic and carcass fat thickness measurements were lower in most cases than those reported by other workers since the 1.0 me. frequency was used to obtain greater penetration. Comparison of ultrasonic rib-eye areas with carcass rib-eye areas gave significant but low correlation coefficients. These relationships were higher for hogs than for cattle. Comparison of repeated ultrasonic measurements indicated a significant repeatability of the method. Limited data suggest that the positional variation of rib-eye area and fat thickness between the 12 th and 13 th ribs, changes of shape and size of the rib-eye due to slaughtering, hanging and variability in pressure of the transducer against the hide during probing, are probable factors accounting for low relationships between ultrasonic and carcass measurements. The results of these investigations warrant additional refinement of the described technique in order to increase resolution and simplify evaluation of the results.
Elevated temperature regulates tumor necrosis factor‐mediated immune killing (1989)

The effect of elevated temperature (heat/fever) on the regulation of inflammatory processes was studied in an in vitro system. Since tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a central mediator in inflammation, is both a pyrogen and a cytokine capable of inducing the death of certain cells, we examined the relationship between heat shock and TNF-mediated immune killing. Heat shock of WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cells significantly (and transiently) decreased the sensitivity of these cells to recombinant TNF-mediated lysis and to class II major histocompatibility complex-specific, TNF-secreting inflammatory T cell-mediated lysis. Incubating inflammatory T lymphocytes in elevated temperature transiently abolished their lytic potential and their ability to secrete TNF. Our data show that the pyrogen activity of TNF could control cytolytic processes during inflammation both by inducing protective protein(s) synthesis in target cells and by arresting TNF secretion by effector T lymphocytes.