gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Free amino acids in milks of human subjects, other primates and non-primates (1998)

Preterm and term transitional milks of human subjects and mature milks of human subjects, non-human primates and non-primates were analysed for free amino acids (AA) using precolumn phenylisothiocyanate derivatization and liquid chromatography. Differences in free AA between three types of human milk were small. Milks of pinnipeds (seals and sea lions) contained the highest levels of total free AA (8634-20,862 mumol/l), while the milks of cows and sheep had the lowest levels of total free AA (1061-1357 mumol/l). The milks of human subjects, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), elephants (Elephas maximus), horses and pigs had intermediate levels of total free AA (3069-7381 mumol/l). Glutamic acid was the most abundant free AA in milks of human subjects (1339-2157 mumol/l), non-human primates (423-2528 mumol/l), elephants (1332 mumol/l), horses (1119 mumol/l), and cows (349 mumol/l). Taurine was the most abundant free AA in milks of pinnipeds (5776-13,643 mumol/l), pigs (1238 mumol/l), goats (1150 mumol/l) and sheep (341 mumol/l). Taurine was the second most abundant free AA in milks of human subjects and non-human primates, while histidine was the second most abundant free AA in milks of pinnipeds. Milks of each species had a distinctive free AA pattern which may reflect the relative importance of the free AA during early postnatal development.
Studies of the Swelling and Drying Kinetics of Thin Gelatin Gel Films by in situ Interferometry (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of the Swelling and Drying Kinetics of Thin Gelatin Gel Films by in situ InterferometryChi Wu and Chui-Ying YanCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 16, 4516–4520Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00094a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00094a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views777Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A quartz crystal microbalance to determine enthalpies of sublimation at intermediate temperatures by the Knudsen effusion method (1994)

The principle of operation, design, construction and testing of a quartz crystal microbalance for indirect determination of the enthalpy of sublimation is described. The instrument allows fast and reliable measurement of the mass flow from a Knudsen effusion cell at different temperatures. The enthalpy of sublimation can be derived using the Knudsen equation for the vapour pressure combined with the Clapeyron equation. The test substance used in this study was thiourea and experiments were made in the range 378.45-395.89 K. The derived value of Delta subHm(387.17 K)=(103.95+or-0.32) kJ mol-1 is in good agreement with the reported calorimetric value Delta Hsub(389.17 K)=(103.54+or-0.43) kJ mol-1.
Requirement of multiple copies of a 21-nucleotide sequence in the U3 regions of human T-cell leukemia virus type I and type II long terminal repeats for trans-acting activation of transcription. (1986)

The cis-acting regulatory sequence of transcription from long terminal repeats (LTRs) of human T-cell leukemia virus type I and type II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II), which is essential for action of the virally encoded trans-acting transcriptional factor(s) designated pX(s), in HTLV-I and -II was identified. Deletion of most of the U3 region of the HTLV-I LTR resulted in loss of trans-acting transcriptional activation. However, when a tandem repeat of a 21-nucleotide sequence (GAAGGCTCTGACGTCTCCCCC) that is present in the U3 region of HTLV-I and -II LTRs was inserted into the deleted U3 region of the HTLV-I LTRs, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity was restored. The extent of restoration of activity was proportional to the number of copies of the sequence inserted. To test the possibility that the 21-nucleotide sequence alone is necessary for trans-activation, a sequence (AGGAACTGAAA) homologous to a type-specific viral enhancer sequence and present in the U3 region of HTLV-II LTR, but not in the same region of the HTLV-I LTR, was inserted together with the 21-nucleotide sequence into the deleted U3 region of the HTLV-I LTR. However, no significant differences of the levels of activities of those LTRs compared to the LTRs with only the 21-nucleotide sequence repeats were observed.
Image representation using nonorthogonal basis images with adaptive weight optimization (1996)

Image-coding techniques that employ subsets of nonorthogonal basis images chosen from two or more transform domains have been shown consistently to yield higher image quality than those based on one transform for a fixed compression ratio. However, these techniques have not been widely employed due to the very high computational complexity of existing formulations. This paper presents a new adaptive parallel mixed transform technique for image representation. Formulations are derived, adaptive algorithms are described, and results of simulations are presented. Excellent performance is achieved with greatly reduced computational complexity compared to existing mixed-transform techniques, making mixed-transform-based image coding practical.
Fabrication of polarization-maintaining and absorption-reducing fibers (1983)

Low-loss single-polarization fibers with stress-induced birefringence have been fabricated using VAD single-mode fiber preforms. Design criteria have also been clarified with due regard to optimum fiber structure that reduces transmission loss and increases birefringence. As a result of these criteria, the minimum loss of 0.4 dB/km at 1.54 μm, and the birefringence B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.2 \times 10^{-4}</tex> at 1.15 μm was obtained. It has been shown that a large refractive-index difference between the core and the cladding Δ, as well as large birefringence, are very effective to stabilize the state of polarization. In a 5-km-long fiber with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Delta = 0.8</tex> percent and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B_{s}= 1.2 \times 10^{-4}</tex> , crosstalk lower than -20 dB has been obtained.
First-in-human evaluation of CO-1686, an irreversible, selective, and potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR T790M. (2013)

2524 Background: Efficacy of existing EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in NSCLC is limited by emergence of the T790M mutation in approximately 50% of patients, and significant skin rash and diarrhea, caused by wild-type (WT)-EGFR inhibition, compromises tolerability. CO-1686 is an orally active TKI that targets common activating EGFR mutations and T790M, while sparing WT-EGFR. Animal models suggest maximal efficacy when trough plasma concentrations exceed 200ng/ml. Methods: This is a first in human phase 1 (3+3) dose-finding study of oral CO-1686, administered continuously in 21-day cycles. To be eligible, patients must have EGFR-mutant NSCLC and prior therapy with an EGFR TKI. Endpoints include safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficacy. All patients undergo a biopsy for genotyping before starting study drug. Results: As of 18 Jan 2013, 35 patients (18/28 (64%) T790M+; 7 pending) have been treated with CO-1686. Dosing started at 150mg QD and escalated in steps to 900mg QD, 600mg BID and 400mg TID, with a maximum tolerated dose not yet reached. A recommended phase 2 dose is expected to be reached soon. Related AEs of grade 3 or higher were hypoglycaemia (n=1) and hyperglycaemia (n=1). AEs typical of WT-EGFR inhibition (rash, diarrhea) have not been observed. Dose-proportional PK was observed; plasma half-life was 4-5 hrs and at 900mg QD Cmax=3000ng/ml but trough concentrations were < 200ng/ml. At ≥300mg BID and TID dosing, trough concentrations can exceed 200ng/ml. At 900mg QD, 2 of 3 patients showed clinical benefit after 2 cycles of CO-1686 including one with clinically-relevant tumor shrinkage (18%) and a second with stabilization of a pleural effusion that had previously required repeat thoracenteses at ~10 day intervals. At 300mg BID, one patient (Del(19)/T790M+) with PK trough concentration >200ng/ml exhibited significant tumor shrinkage (29%) after 2 cycles. Further efficacy data from BID/TID cohorts and centrally-confirmed genotypes will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: CO-1686 offers potential for improved activity and better tolerability over current EGFR TKIs, particularly in the treatment of T790M+ disease, an area of high unmet clinical need. Clinical trial information: NCT01526928.
Automating the analytical laboratory via the Chemical Analysis Automation paradigm (1997)

To address the need for standardization within the analytical chemistry laboratories of the nation, the Chemical Analysis Automation (CAA) program within the US Department of Energy, Office of Science and Technology`s Robotic Technology Development Program is developing laboratory sample analysis systems that will automate the environmental chemical laboratories. The current laboratory automation paradigm consists of islands-of-automation that do not integrate into a system architecture. Thus, today the chemist must perform most aspects of environmental analysis manually using instrumentation that generally cannot communicate with other devices in the laboratory. CAA is working towards a standardized and modular approach to laboratory automation based upon the Standard Analysis Method (SAM) architecture. Each SAM system automates a complete chemical method. The building block of a SAM is known as the Standard Laboratory Module (SLM). The SLM, either hardware or software, automates a subprotocol of an analysis method and can operate as a standalone or as a unit within a SAM. The CAA concept allows the chemist to easily assemble an automated analysis system, from sample extraction through data interpretation, using standardized SLMs without the worry of hardware or software incompatibility or the necessity of generating complicated control programs. A Task Sequence Controller (TSC) software program schedules and monitors the individual tasks to be performed by each SLM configured within a SAM. The chemist interfaces with the operation of the TSC through the Human Computer Interface (HCI), a logical, icon-driven graphical user interface. The CAA paradigm has successfully been applied in automating EPA SW-846 Methods 3541/3620/8081 for the analysis of PCBs in a soil matrix utilizing commercially available equipment in tandem with SLMs constructed by CAA.
AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor technology for high-voltage and low-on-resistance operation (2016)

Abstract In this paper, we give an overview of the recent progress in GaN-based high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) developed for mainstream acceptance in the power electronics field. The comprehensive investigation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs fabricated on a free-standing semi-insulating GaN substrate reveals that an extracted effective lateral breakdown field of approximately 1 MV/cm is likely limited by the premature device breakdown originating from the insufficient structural and electrical quality of GaN buffer layers and/or the GaN substrate itself. The effective lateral breakdown field is increased to 2 MV/cm by using a highly resistive GaN substrate achieved by heavy Fe doping. Various issues relevant to current collapse are also discussed in the latter half of this paper, where a more pronounced reduction in current collapse is achieved by combining two different schemes (i.e., a prepassivation oxygen plasma treatment and a field plate structure) for intensifying the mitigating effect against current collapse. Finally, a novel approach to suppress current collapse is presented by introducing a three-dimensional field plate (3DFP) in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, and its possibility of realizing true collapse-free operation is described.
Successful Treatment of Persistent Bacteremia due to Vancomycin-Resistant, Ampicillin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (1995)

Emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci has become an increasing problem in many medical centers. We report a liver transplant recipient with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia who was successfully treated using very high dose continuous infusion ampicillin/sulbactam, plus gentamicin after he remained bacteremic on high dose ampicillin and gentamicin. At our institution, 83% of E. faecium isolates from 1994 were inhibited by ampicillin/sulbactam compared to 66% for ampicillin at an MIC < or = 64 micrograms/ml. None of these strains produced beta-lactamase, suggesting sulbactam may have an unexplained beneficial effect against some enterococci. Although an MIC of < or = 8 micrograms/ml is required for ampicillin to be considered active against enterococci, much higher levels of ampicillin or ampicillin/sulbactam are safely achievable. The response of our patient and the reported in vivo data have implications for future treatment of this pathogen, and may necessitate a reevaluation of susceptibility interpretation guidelines by clinical laboratories, and therapeutic drug dosing by clinicians.
The Transcriptome of Rhizobacteria-Induced Systemic Resistance in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2004)

Plants develop an enhanced defensive capacity against a broad spectrum of plant pathogens after colonization of the roots by selected strains of nonpathogenic, fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance (ISR) functions independently of salicylic acid but requires responsiveness to the plant hormones jasmonic acid and ethylene. In contrast to pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance, rhizobacteria-mediated ISR is not associated with changes in the expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins. To identify ISR-related genes, we surveyed the transcriptional response of over 8,000 Arabidopsis genes during rhizobacteria-mediated ISR. Locally in the roots, ISR-inducing Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417r bacteria elicited a substantial change in the expression of 97 genes. However, systemically in the leaves, none of the approximately 8,000 genes tested showed a consistent change in expression in response to effective colonization of the roots by WCS417r, indicating that the onset of ISR in the leaves is not associated with detectable changes in gene expression. After challenge inoculation of WCS417r-induced plants with the bacterial leaf pathogen P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, 81 genes showed an augmented expression pattern in ISR-expressing leaves, suggesting that these genes were primed to respond faster or more strongly upon pathogen attack. The majority of the primed genes was predicted to be regulated by jasmonic acid or ethylene signaling. Priming of pathogen-induced genes allows the plant to react more effectively to the invader encountered, which might explain the broad-spectrum action of rhizobacteria-mediated ISR.
Alterations in Carbohydrate Intermediates in the Endosperm of Starch-Deficient Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes (1992)

Metabolite levels in kernels of selected starch-deficient mutants of maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated to gain insight into partitioning of carbohydrate metabolism during kernel development. Several free sugars, hexose phosphates, triose phosphates, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, and pyrophosphate were measured in normal, shrunken, shrunken-2, amylose extender dull waxy, and brittle genotypes, which were in a near-isogenic W64A background. These mutants were selected to include at least one lesion in both the cytosolic (shrunken) and amyloplastic (shrunken-2) compartments. All the starch-deficient genotypes contained elevated levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and triose phosphates but reduced levels of pyrophosphate, indicating an enhanced glycolytic utilization of carbohydrates in response to the reduced utilization of sugars for starch synthesis. The shrunken kernels (sucrose synthase deficient) contained reduced levels of glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, and fructose-6-phosphate, and this reduction paralleled the reduction in starch accumulation, but levels of triose phosphates were elevated. In shrunken-2 kernels, glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, and fructose-6-phosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate were increased, but fructose-1,6-bisphosphate was lower. These findings support the view that hexose phosphate transport across the amyloplast envelope is more important for starch biosynthesis than transport of triose phosphates. The amylose extender dull waxy mutation showed less dramatic effects on hexose phosphates, but the triose phosphates were greatly increased. The brittle mutation, which has an unknown lesion, showed distinctly similar changes in metabolite levels with shrunken-2, suggesting that the lesion may be associated with the amyloplast.
EUL: An Efficient and Universal Localization Method for Wireless Sensor Network (2009)

Localization is a crucial service for various applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Although most researches assume stationary nodes, sensor mobility can enrich the application scenarios. Existing dynamic localization approaches require high seed density or incur a large communication overhead. In order to address these problems, we propose an efficient rang-free localization algorithm, EUL, which utilizes the relationship between neighboring nodes to estimate their possible location boundaries. Our algorithm not only allows all the nodes to remain static or move freely but also reduces the dependence on seeds, which achieves a uniform energy distribution to address the excessive energy drain around seeds and lengthen the network lifetime. We have evaluated EUL together with other major dynamic localization approaches. Simulation results show that EUL outperforms existing approaches in terms of accuracy under many different mobility conditions.
Investigation and results of eddy currents on DC motor bearings (2002)

Investigation into several similar bearing failures has led to the realization that the source of electrical current causing the failures is not fully understood and that the problem is widespread. Probable causes, an attempt to measure the currents, and possible solutions to the bearing failure are discussed. Several methods of bearing fluting due to eddy currents in the shaft of DC machines are discussed, and procedures to avoid applying the currents or to protect the machine from the currents are outlined. It is noted that there is no conclusive evidence that defines a cure for the problem of capacitive coupled eddy currents in the motor shaft; however, until the problem is better defined and a correction made, drive installations with 13.8 kV primary voltage on isolation transformers with multiple drives would do well to apply shaft grounding brushes to reduce the occurrence of fluted bearings on machines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Proton NMR sequential assignments and secondary structure analysis of human fibrinogen .gamma.-chain C-terminal residues 385-411 (1990)

The human fibrinogen gamma-chain, C-terminal fragment, residues 385-411, i.e., KIIPFNRLTIGEGQQHHLGGAKQAGDV, contains two biologically important functional domains: (1) fibrinogen gamma-chain polymerization center and (2) platelet receptor recognition domain. This peptide was isolated from cyanogen bromide degraded human fibrinogen and was investigated by 1H NMR (500 MHz) spectroscopy. Sequence-specific assignments of NMR resonances were obtained for backbone and side-chain protons via analysis of 2D NMR COSY, double quantum filtered COSY, HOHAHA, and NOESY spectra. The N-terminal segment from residues 385-403 seems to adopt a relatively fixed solution conformation. Strong sequential alpha CH-NH NOESY connectivities and a continuous run of NH-NH NOESY connectivities and several long-lived backbone NH protons strongly suggest the presence of multiple-turn or helix-like structure for residues 390 to about 402. The conformation of residues 403-411 seems to be much less constrained as evidenced by the presence of weaker and sequential alpha CH-NH NOEs, the absence of sequential NH-NH NOEs, and the lack of longer lived amides. Chemical shifts of resonances from backbone and side-chain protons of the C-terminal dodecapeptide, residues 400-411, differ significantly from those of the parent chain, suggesting that some preferred C-terminal conformation does exist.
Mask-less ultraviolet photolithography based on CMOS-driven micro-pixel light emitting diodes (2009)

We report on an approach to ultraviolet (UV) photolithography and direct writing where both the exposure pattern and dose are determined by a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) controlled micro-pixellated light emitting diode array. The 370 nm UV light from a demonstrator 8 x 8 gallium nitride micro-pixel LED is projected onto photoresist covered substrates using two back-to-back microscope objectives, allowing controlled demagnification. In the present setup, the system is capable of delivering up to 8.8 W/cm2 per imaged pixel in circular spots of diameter approximately 8 microm. We show example structures written in positive as well as in negative photoresist.
A Flexible Continuous-Time $\Delta \Sigma $ ADC With Programmable Bandwidth Supporting Low-Pass and Complex Bandpass Architectures (2016)

A flexible continuous-time ΔΣ modulator that supports both low-pass and complex bandpass (CBP) architectures with the programmable bandwidths of 5 and 10 MHz is presented. By utilizing flexibility into both architectural level and core building blocks, scalable power consumption is obtained for each mode with desired performance. An amplifier topology with active feedforward, antipole splitting, and current reuse techniques is proposed for effective power reduction. A prototyped ΔΣ modulator in a 65-nm CMOS achieves a 65.1-/62.2-dB peak signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio (SNDR) with a 5-/10-MHz bandwidth in the LP architecture and a 62.9-/64.1-dB SNDR over a 5-/10-MHz signal band with a tunable center frequency of 4-6 MHz in the CBP architecture, respectively. The figure of merit is 0.21/0.23/0.36/0.24 pJ/conversion step for each mode with a power consumption of 3.1/4.8/4.2/6.3 mW by a 1.2 V supply voltage. The dynamic range is 73/65.8/74.3/74.2 dB. The active area is 0.39 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .