gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A quantitative trait locus <i>GW6</i> controls rice grain size and yield through the gibberellin pathway (2020)

Grain size is one of the essential components determining rice yield and is a target for both domestication and artificial breeding. Gibberellins (GAs) are diterpenoid phytohormones that influence diverse aspects of plant growth and development. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified that control grain size through phytohormone regulation. However, little is known about the role of GAs in the control of grain size. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a QTL, GW6 (GRAIN WIDTH 6), which encodes a GA-regulated GAST family protein and positively regulates grain width and weight. GW6 is highly expressed in the young panicle and increases grain width by promoting cell expansion in the spikelet hull. Knockout of GW6 exhibits reduced grain size and weight, whereas overexpression of GW6 results in increased grain size and weight. GW6 is induced by GA and its knockout downregulates the expression of GA biosynthesis genes and decreases GA content in the young panicle. We found that a natural variation in the cis element CAAT-box in the promoter of GW6 is associated with its expression level and grain width and weight. Furthermore, introduction of GW6 to Oryza indica variety HJX74 can lead to a 10.44% increase in rice grain yield, indicating that GW6 has great potential to improve grain yield in rice.
Toward Fabric-Based Flexible Microfluidic Devices: Pointed Surface Modification for pH Sensitive Liquid Transport (2012)

Microfluidic fiber channels with switchable water transport are fabricated in flexible textile PET/PP materials using a preprogrammed yarn-based fabric and a yarn-selective surface modification method. The developed robust and scalable fabrication method is based on the selective functionalization of the PET yarns with an epoxide-containing polymer that is then followed by grafting patterns of different pH-sensitive polymers PAA [poly(acrylic acid) ] and P2VP [poly(2-vinyl pyridine)]. The selective functionalization of the fabric yields an array of amphiphilic channels that are constrained by hydrophobic PP boundaries. Aqueous solutions are transported in the amphiphilic channels by capillary forces where the direction of the liquid transport is defined by pH-response of the grafted polymers. The channels are fed with liquid through hydrophilic, pH insensitive PEG [polyethylene glycol] ports. The combination of the PAA and P2VP patterns in the amphiphilic channels is used to create pH-sensitive elements that redirect aqueous liquids toward PAA channels at pH > 4 and toward both PAA and P2VP channels at pH < 4. The system of pH-selective channels in the developed textile based microfluidic chip could find analytical applications and can be used for smart cloth.
Fuzzy controllers in hydrostatic transmission (1995)

A modern hydrostatic transmission consists of three main components, a diesel engine, a variable displacement hydraulic pump and a variable displacement hydraulic motor. The output speed of the hydrostatic transmission is controlled by governing the rotational speed of the diesel engine and controlling displacements of the hydraulic units. Traditionally a PID-controller has been applied in speed control system. This causes a problem because there is variation of dynamic properties of the speed control system while vehicle speed is changed. In this paper, two fuzzy logic based controllers are introduced and compared with the discrete PI-controller.
Log-based Abnormal Task Detection and Root Cause Analysis for Spark (2017)

Application delays caused by abnormal tasks arecommon problems in big data computing frameworks. Anabnormal task in Spark, which may run slowly withouterror or warning logs, not only reduces its resident node'sperformance, but also affects other nodes' efficiency.Spark log files report neither root causes of abnormal tasks,nor where and when abnormal scenarios happen. AlthoughSpark provides a “speculation” mechanism to detect stragglertasks, it can only detect tailed stragglers in each stage. Sincethe root causes of abnormal happening are complicated, thereare no effective ways to detect root causes.This paper proposes an approach to detect abnormality andanalyzes root causes using Spark log files. Unlike commononline monitoring or analysis tools, our approach is a pureoff-line method that can analyze abnormality accurately. Ourapproach consists of four steps. First, a parser preprocessesraw log files to generate structured log data. Second, ineach stage of Spark application, we choose features relatedto execution time and data locality of each task, as well asmemory usage and garbage collection of each node. Third,based on the selected features, we detect where and whenabnormalities happen. Finally, we analyze the problems usingweighted factors to decide the probability of root causes. In thispaper, we consider four potential root causes of abnormalities,which include CPU, memory, network, and disk. The proposedmethod has been tested on real-world Spark benchmarks.To simulate various scenario of root causes, we conductedinterference injections related to CPU, memory, network,and Disk. Our experimental results show that the proposedapproach is accurate on detecting abnormal tasks as well asfinding the root causes
Carbonate substituted hydroxyapatite (CHA) powder consolidated at 450°C (2011)

CHA powder was consolidated without noticeable changing of its carbonate content using low-melting Na-Ca phosphate glass with the composition referred to 54% Na4CaP6O18 and 46% Na2CaP2O7 as a binder. A temperature window suitable for obtaining the composite was assessed as 450 – 475°C. The composites obtained at 450°C and 400 MPa for 1 hr demonstrate compressive strength up to 25 MPa.
An Out-of-Core Dataflow Middleware to Reduce the Cost of Large Scale Iterative Solvers (2012)

The emergence of high performance computing (HPC) platforms equipped with solid state drives (SSD) presents an opportunity to dramatically increase the efficiency of out-of-core numerical linear algebra computations. In this paper, we explore the advantages and challenges associated with performing sparse matrix vector multiplications (SpMV) on a small SSD test bed. Such an endeavor requires programming abstractions that ease implementation, while enabling an efficient usage of the resources in the test bed. For this purpose, we adopt a task-based out-of-core programming model on top of a dataflow middleware based on the filter stream programming model. We compare the performance of the resulting out-of-core iterated SpMV procedure running on the SSD test bed to the performance of an in-core implementation on a multi-core cluster for solving large-scale eigen value problems. Preliminary experiments indicate that the out-of-core implementation on the SSD test bed can compete with an in-core implementation in terms of the total CPU-hour cost. We conclude with some architectural design suggestions that can enable numerical linear algebra computations in general to be carried out with high efficiency on SSD-equipped platforms.
Identification of a Gene Cluster of Biosynthetic Genes of Rubradirin Substructures in S. achromogenes var. rubradiris NRRL3061 (1997)

Rubradirin, an ansamycin antibiotic has been purified from Streptomyces achromogenes var. rubradiris NRRL3061. It consists of four distinct structural moieties, rubransarol, 3-amino-4-hydroxy-coumarin, dihydroxydipicolinic acid, and 2,6-dideoxynitrosugar (DNS). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed based on consensus sequences of dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, one of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of 2,6-dideoxysugar. A PCR product was obtained from S. achromogenes var. rubradiris. Hybridization of the PCR product to a cosmid library constructed from S. achromogenes genomic DNA has led to the identification of three unlinked regions of DNA. One of three kinds of cosmid clones contains homologues of dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA) synthase, and eryA genes. The size of the gene homologous to eryA is 30 kb, and the AHBA synthase gene homologue resides between the eryA homologous genes. A gene cluster of rubransarol and 2,6-dideoxynitrosugar is around 50 kb. Sequencing of the PCR product from the AHBA synthase gene homologue isolated from S. achromogenes revealed 85% amino acid sequence homology (73/86) with the AHBA synthase from a rifamycin-producer. dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase gene homologue was subcloned from one of the isolated cosmid clones and sequenced. It showed 65% homology (43/66) with dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase from a streptomycin-producer.
Electroluminescence from Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Network Transistors (2008)

The electroluminescence (EL) properties from single-wall carbon nanotube network field-effect transistors (NNFETs) and small bundle carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNFETs) are studied using spectroscopy and imaging in the near-infrared (NIR). At room temperature, NNFETs produce broad (approximately 180 meV) and structured NIR spectra, while they are narrower (approximately 80 meV) for CNFETs. EL emission from NNFETs is located in the vicinity of the minority carrier injecting contact (drain) and the spectrum of the emission is red shifted with respect to the corresponding absorption spectrum. A phenomenological model based on a Fermi-Dirac distribution of carriers in the nanotube network reproduces the spectral features observed. This work supports bipolar (electron-hole) current recombination as the main mechanism of emission and highlights the drastic influence of carrier distribution on the optoelectronic properties of carbon nanotube films.
VI.—CRITICAL NOTICES (1953)

VI.—CRITICAL NOTICES Get access Experiments in Living. A study of the nature and foundation of ethics or morals in the light of recent work in Social Anthropology. By A. MACBEATH. London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd., 1952. Pp. xii + 462. 30s. L. J. RUSSELL L. J. RUSSELL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume LXII, Issue 248, October 1953, Pages 545–549, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LXII.248.545 Published: 01 October 1953
The Preparation and Deamination of Some 1,3-Amino Alcohols (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation and Deamination of Some 1,3-Amino AlcoholsJames English Jr. and Arthur D. BlissCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 16, 4057–4060Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01597a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01597a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views209Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Upconversion Luminescence of Monodisperse CaF<sub>2</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Er<sup>3+</sup>Nanocrystals (2009)

Monodispersed CaF(2):Yb(3+)/Er(3+) nanocrystals have been prepared via a facile wet chemical technology. The upconversion luminescence properties of CaF(2):Yb(3+)/Er(3+) nanocrystals were compared with those of NaYF(4):Yb(3+)/Er(3+) nanocrystals with different phases and particle sizes. The results indicated that CaF(2) is a promising host material for producing desirable upconversion luminescence.
Rapid Identification of Small Interfering Rna that Can Effectively Inhibit the Replication of Multiple Influenza B Virus Strains (2006)

Influenza B virus is a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in humans and current vaccination strategies and antiviral drugs only provide limited protection. Here, we report the evaluation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) for repression of viral replication in cultured cells as well as in chicken embryos. Several siRNAs targeting conserved regions of the virus (in chemically synthesized or plasmid-encoded forms) were found to effectively block the replication of the influenza B virus. The siRNAs were found to offer broad protection over several strains of influenza B virus (B/Beijing/76/98, B/Beijing/37/99 and B/Jiangsu/10/03) that differ substantially in their genetic content. The antiviral effects of 500 ng siRNA-encoding plasmids or 60 nmoles synthetic siRNA were found to be comparable to that of 3.6 microg ribavirin. These results indicated that RNA interference warrants further study for management of influenza B virus infections.
Chemical evolution. XXVIII. Photochemical conversion of enaminonitriles to imidazoles. Scope and mechanism (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical evolution. XXVIII. Photochemical conversion of enaminonitriles to imidazoles. Scope and mechanismJ. P. Ferris and R. W. TrimmerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 1, 19–24Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00863a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00863a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views983Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of guest molecules, metal ions and linker length on the assembly of chiral [2 + 2] metallomacrocycles: solution studies and crystal structures (1997)

Eight new 2,2′-bipyridines, containing functionalised acetylenes at the 6 position, have been prepared. The azido derivatives were used to prepare three compounds L 1 , L 2 and L 3 , which contain pyromellitimide spacers connected to 6,6′-disubstituted 2,2′-bipyridines with propynyl, butynyl and propynyloxy linkers respectively, via iminophosphoranes. In the presence of an equimolar amount of zinc(II) triflate (trifluoromethanesulfonate), L 1 was assembled exclusively into the chiral [2 + 2] metallomacrocycle [Zn 2 L 1 2 ] 4+ at low concentrations (<10 mmol dm -3 ) or in the presence of an aromatic guest molecule S, which stabilises the complex through binding in the cavity of the metallomacrocycle. The crystal structures of diquabis{N,N′-bis[3-(6′-methyl-2,2 ′-bipyridine-6-yl)-prop-2-ynyl]naphthalene-1,8∶4,5- tetracarboximide}dizinc tetrakis(triflate) [Zn 2 L 1 2 ][CF 3 SO 3 ] 4 ·2H 2 O, containing either p- or o-dimethoxybenzene bound in the cavity, were determined by X-ray diffraction methods. In both cases the crystals were extremely fragile and there was extensive disorder of substrate and solvate molecules and the triflate counter ions in channels in the lattice. These structures, while of limited quality, confirm the identity of the complexes, and reveal several substrate-dependent differences. Comparison of the two structures provided clear evidence for the metallomacrocycle adjusting its shape and dimensions to accommodate optimum binding of the substrate through π-stacking/electrostatic interactions, and provides the first example of a metallosupramolecular complex in which the cavity size is determined by the bound substrate. The assembly of the chiral [2 + 2] metallomacrocycle was also achieved with L 1 and cadmium(II) and L 1 and copper(I) in the presence of >20 equivalents of m-dimethoxybenzene. In contrast, L 2 and L 3 formed zinc(II) complexes which gave only broadened NMR spectra consistent with equilibrating mixtures of oligomers. The different results obtained with L 1 , L 2 and L 3 highlight the importance of the rigid propargyl(prop-2-ynyl) linker in directing the outcome of the assembly process.
Convenient Synthesis of Cyclopropylalkanol Derivatives Possessing a Difluoromethylenephosphonate Group at the Ring (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTConvenient Synthesis of Cyclopropylalkanol Derivatives Possessing a Difluoromethylenephosphonate Group at the RingTsutomu Yokomatsu, Hiroshi Abe, Takehiro Yamagishi, Kenji Suemune, and Shiroshi ShibuyaView Author Information School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 22, 8413–8418Publication Date (Web):October 14, 1999Publication History Received7 June 1999Published online14 October 1999Published inissue 1 October 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo990922ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo990922obrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views609Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Coupling reactions,Cyclopropanation,Hydrocarbons,Monomers Get e-Alerts
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP Receptor Protein Influence both Synthesis and Uptake of Extracellular Autoinducer 2 in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2005)

Bacterial autoinducer 2 (AI-2) is proposed to be an interspecies mediator of cell-cell communication that enables cells to operate at the multicellular level. Many environmental stimuli have been shown to affect the extracellular AI-2 levels, carbon sources being among the most important. In this report, we show that both AI-2 synthesis and uptake in Escherichia coli are subject to catabolite repression through the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-CRP complex, which directly stimulates transcription of the lsr (for "luxS regulated") operon and indirectly represses luxS expression. Specifically, cAMP-CRP is shown to bind to a CRP binding site located in the upstream region of the lsr promoter and works with the LsrR repressor to regulate AI-2 uptake. The functions of the lsr operon and its regulators, LsrR and LsrK, previously reported in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, are confirmed here for E. coli. The elucidation of cAMP-CRP involvement in E. coli autoinduction impacts many areas, including the growth of E. coli in fermentation processes.
Computational auditory scene analysis by using statistics of high-dimensional speech dynamics and sound source direction (2003)

A main task for computational auditory scene analysis (CASA) is to separate several concurrent speech sources. From psychoacoustics it is known that common onsets, common amplitude modulation and sound source direction are among the important cues which allow the separation for the human auditory system. A new algorithm is presented here, that performs statistical estimation of different sources by a state-space approach which integrates temporal and frequency-specific features of speech. It is based on a Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) scheme and tracks magnitude spectra and direction on a frame-by-frame basis. First results for estimating sound source direction and separating the envelopes of two voices are shown. The results indicate that the algorithm is able to localize two superimposed sound sources in a time scale of 50 ms. This is achieved by integrating measured high-dimensional statistics of speech. Also, the algorithm is able to track the short-time envelope and the short-time magnitude spectra of both voices on a time scale of 10 -4 0 ms. The algorithm presented in this paper is developed for but not restricted to use in binaural hearing aid applications, as it is based on two head-mounted microphone signals as input. It is conceptionally able to separate more than two voices and integrate additional cues.
Novel Materials and Devices for Sunlight Concentrating Systems (1978)

Photovoltaic conversion under concentrated sunlight is a highly promising technique that could make solar-electric power generation economically competitive with fossil fuel power generation by the mid-1980s. An economic analysis has been performed which demonstrates that solar cell efficiency, concentrator efficiency, and concentrator cost are the most important parameters in a concentrating photovoltaic system; solar cell cost is only of secondary importance (at least for Si solar cells). Six novel structures are described, including modified conventional Si cells, Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1−x</inf> Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> As/GaAs devices, interdigitated cells, vertical and horizontal multijunction cells and “multicolor” devices.
A structural basis for the corrosion resistance of lead-iron-phosphate glasses: An X-ray absorption spectroscopy study (1988)

Abstract Lead metaphosphate glass is characteristically prone to aqueous attack but becomes chemically resistant on the addition of iron oxide. We have measured the K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of Fe and the LIII-edge EXAFS of Pb and find the atomic environments of the two sites to be very different. Whereas Fe is octahedrally coordinated with an oxygen distancce of 1•9(5) Å, the coordination of Pb is 8 (±1) and the sites display considerable disorder with an average lead—oxygen distance of 2•4(7) Å. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements of the P K-edge confirm the presence of phosphate as (PO4)n, chains. These results suggest that, by pinning the structure, Fe sites not only shorten the average polyphosphate chain length but also block the percolation of Pb ions. Both effects increase the chemical resistance of the structure to aqueous attack and also reduce the tendency of these glasses to crystallize.