gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
KPCA plus LDA: a complete kernel Fisher discriminant framework for feature extraction and recognition (2005)

This paper examines the theory of kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (KFD) in a Hilbert space and develops a two-phase KFD framework, i.e., kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) plus Fisher linear discriminant analysis (LDA). This framework provides novel insights into the nature of KFD. Based on this framework, the authors propose a complete kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (CKFD) algorithm. CKFD can be used to carry out discriminant analysis in "double discriminant subspaces." The fact that, it can make full use of two kinds of discriminant information, regular and irregular, makes CKFD a more powerful discriminator. The proposed algorithm was tested and evaluated using the FERET face database and the CENPARMI handwritten numeral database. The experimental results show that CKFD outperforms other KFD algorithms.
Gel-Filtration Chromatography (2010)

Gel-filtration chromatography is a popular and versatile technique that permits the effective separation of proteins and other biological molecules in high yield. Here, the basis of the method is described and typical matrix types are contrasted. The selection of suitable operating conditions and applications of the method are also discussed.
RETRACTED: ANALYSIS OF INTERFERING SUBSTANCES IN THE MEASUREMENT OF MALONDIALDEHYDE CONTENT IN PLANT LEAVES (2013)

The Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) reactive substances assay is an easy and quick assay for the assessment in plants of lipid peroxidation, in which Malondialdehyde (MDA) is derivatized. To analyze the applicability of this method, the MDA concentrations in the leaves of different plants were measured by the TBA method. To further separate the interfering substances, fractional extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were used in this research. The results suggest that lipid peroxidation is accurately measured by the TBA method with trichloroacetic acid as the extraction solution in most plants. However, the method was not suitable for measuring the MDA concentration in golden privet (Ligustrum × vicaryi) leaves. Negative MDA concentrations were obtained in golden privet leaves by this method. The interfering substance in golden privet leaves, which could react with TBA forming a dark green production (the characteristic absorption peak at 615 nm). This substance was highly lipid soluble and was found at the highest level in golden privet leaves. Compared with ether phase extracted from stems, four different compounds in golden privet leaves were found, which were similar to diethyl hydroxybutanedioate (similarity: 94%), 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid (72%) and quinuclidine-2-carboxylic acid, 2,3-dehydro-3-amino-ethyl ester (63%) and yramine, N-formyl- 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) ethylformamide (82%), respectively.
An approach to building services of database based on Web Services (2007)

Based on Web Services,an approach to building services of database resource was proposed.The Web Services offers interfaces for the database.A service meta data model was introduced which is used when the services are registered,thereby the automatic discovery of services was realized.Then the method of building SQL sentences automatically according to the user's request was put forward.Thus users can access the data transparently in the data integration system.
Pregenomic Comparative Analysis between<i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i>RB50 and<i>Bordetella pertussis</i>Tohama I in Murine Models of Respiratory Tract Infection (1999)

We describe here a side-by-side comparison of murine respiratory infection by Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica strains whose genomes are currently being sequenced (Tohama I and RB50, respectively). B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica are most appropriately classified as subspecies. Their high degree of genotypic and phenotypic relatedness facilitates comparative studies of pathogenesis. RB50 and Tohama I differ in their abilities to grow in the nose, trachea, and lungs of BALB/c mice and to induce apoptosis, lung pathology, and an antibody response. To focus on the interactions between the bacteria and particular aspects of the host immune response, we used mice with specific immune defects. Mice lacking B cells and T cells were highly susceptible to B. bronchiseptica and were killed by intranasal inoculation with doses as low as 500 CFU. These mice were not killed by B. pertussis, even when doses as high as 10(5) CFU were delivered to the lungs. B. bronchiseptica, which was highly resistant to naive serum in vitro, caused bacteremia in these immunodeficient mice, while B. pertussis, which was highly sensitive to naive serum, did not cause bacteremia. B. bronchiseptica was, however, killed by immune serum in vitro, and adoptive transfer of anti-Bordetella antibodies protected SCID-beige mice from B. bronchiseptica lethal infection. Neutropenic mice were similarly killed by B. bronchiseptica but not B. pertussis infection, suggesting neutrophils are critical to the early inflammatory response to the former but not the latter. B. bronchiseptica was dramatically more active than B. pertussis in mediating the lysis of J774 cells in vitro and in inducing apoptosis of inflammatory cells in mouse lungs. This side-by-side comparison describes phenotypic differences that may be correlated with genetic differences in the comparative analysis of the genomes of these two highly related organisms.
Preferential association of a functional variant in complement receptor 2 with antibodies to double-stranded DNA (2014)

These data suggest that rs1876453 in CR2 has long-range effects on gene regulation that decrease susceptibility to lupus. Since the minor allele at rs1876453 is preferentially associated with reduced risk of the highly specific dsDNA autoantibodies that are present in preclinical, active and severe lupus, understanding its mechanisms will have important therapeutic implications.
Krause's Food, Nutrition, & Diet Therapy (1984)

Comprehensive coverage of basic and clinical nutrition for all health care practitioners. Presents normal nutritional requirements and diet therapy for all stages of the life cycle, including pregnancy, childhood, and older adult. Includes brand new chapters on the nutritional needs for fitness, in weight control, and in athletic training. Diet therapy coverage is complete, with examinations of nutritional needs in such chronic health problems as allergies and arthritis, and acute problems in the hospital, such as trauma, sepsis, burns, surgery, and AIDS. A comprehensive instructor's manual provides resources and dozens of case studies.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL ANTITUBERCULAR DRUGS. PART I. SYNTHESIS OF DERIVATIVES OF MYRISTIC AND STEARIC ACIDS (1979)

Abstract Die Carbonsäuren (I) werden nach Hell‐Volhard‐Zelinsky in die α‐Bromcarbonsäurederivate (II) übergeführt.
Using atomic broadcast to implement a posteriori agreement for clock synchronization (2002)

A clock synchronization algorithm was given by P. Verissimo et al. (1989), dubbed a posteriori agreement, a variant of the convergence nonaveraging technique. By exploiting the characteristics of broadcast networks, the effect of message delivery delay variance is largely reduced. In consequence, the precision achieved by the algorithm is drastically improved. Accuracy preservation is near to optimal. A particular materialization of this algorithm, implemented as a time service of the xAMp group communications system, is given here. The algorithm was implemented using some of the primitives offered by xAMp, which simplified the work and stressed its advantages. Performance results for this implementation obtained on two different infrastructures are presented. Timings validate the design choices and clearly show that the algorithm is able to provide improved precision without compromising accuracy and reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
n-value and second derivative of the superconductor voltage-current characteristic (1993)

The authors studied the n-value (V varies as I/sup n/) and second derivative (d/sup 2/V/dI/sup 2/) of the voltage-current curve of high- and low-temperature superconductors and superconductor simulators. They used these parameters for diagnosing problems with sample heating and data acquisition, and as indicators of the superconducting-to-normal state transition. The superconductor simulator may be useful in testing the measurement system integrity and reducing measurement variability since its characteristics are highly repeatable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A reduced representation of proteins for use in restraint satisfaction calculations (1993)

A reduced representation of proteins has been developed for use in restraint satisfaction calculations with dynamic simulated annealing. Each amino acid residue is represented by up to four spherical virtual atoms. The virtual bonds and excluded volume of these atoms has been parameterized by analysis of 83 protein structures determined at high resolution by X-ray crystallography. The use of the new representation in NOE distance restraint satisfaction has been compared with the standard all-atom representation for the determination of the structures of crambin, echistatin, and protein G. Using the reduced representation, there is a 30-fold decrease in the computer time needed for generating a single structure, and up to a 20-fold decrease in the time taken to produce an acceptable structure compared to using the all-atom representation. The root mean square deviation between the mean structure obtained with all-atom and reduced representations is between 1.5 and 1.7 A for C alpha atoms. The new representation is adequate for describing the "low-resolution" features of protein structure such as the general fold and the positions of secondary structure elements. It can also provide an initial structure for more detailed refinement with the full all-atom representation.
Chemical‐shift imaging with large magnetic field inhomogeneity (1987)

A new echo-time-encoded chemical-shift imaging technique applicable to dual-peak spectroscopic imaging with large magnetic field inhomogeneity is proposed and studied. The basic concept and its applications to modest field homogeneity (approximately 3.0 ppm) as well as to relatively large field inhomogeneity (approximately 10.5 ppm) are discussed. Actual pulse sequences are given and some experimental results on human volunteers obtained with a 2.0-T KAIS NMR system are also presented.
Frequency and intensity texture analysis for beef quality evaluation and prediction from ultrasound images (2002)

Image analysis and ultrasound techniques, after being effectively used for live animals in our research, were used to estimate and predict intramuscular fat (present fat) for 378 hot carcasses in a packing plant in Minnesota. Image textural and statistical analysis approaches, both in the frequency spectrum domain and in the gray-tone intensity domain, were performed on the B-mode images to extract image features for tissue characterization and to develop prediction models for percent fat. A quality evaluation and prediction (QEP) software was also developed for automatic image analysis and percent fat prediction. Validation testing of these models showed very good prediction accuracy. The root mean square errors were around .93 to .96, the correlation coefficients for the predicted percent fat versus actual values were .74 to .81, and about 83 to 90 percent of the predicted residual errors were less than 1.5%. The results indicate that the percent fat prediction and the image analysis algorithms may be a valuable tool for beef quality evaluation and prediction for meat industries and livestock producers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Charging for Computing Resources (1979)

article Free Access Share on Charging for Computing Resources Authors: Lynn J. McKell Arthur Young & Company, 11800 Sunrise Valley Dr., Reston, Virginia Arthur Young & Company, 11800 Sunrise Valley Dr., Reston, VirginiaView Profile , James V. Hansen Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah Brigham Young University, Provo, UtahView Profile , Lester E. Heitger Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana Indiana University, Bloomington, IndianaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Computing SurveysVolume 11Issue 2June 1979 pp 105–120https://doi.org/10.1145/356770.356775Published:01 June 1979Publication History 21citation612DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations21Total Downloads612Last 12 Months28Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Genetic investigation within Lactococcus garvieae revealed two genomic lineages (2012)

The diversity of a collection of 49 Lactococcus garvieae strains, including isolates of dairy, fish, meat, vegetable and cereal origin, was explored using a molecular polyphasic approach comprising PCR-ribotyping, REP and RAPD-PCR analyses and a multilocus restriction typing (MLRT) carried out on six partial genes (atpA, tuf, dltA, als, gapC, and galP). This approach allowed high-resolution cluster analysis in which two major groups were distinguishable: one group included dairy isolates, the other group meat isolates. Unexpectedly, of the 12 strains coming from fish, four grouped with dairy isolates, whereas the others with meat isolates. Likewise, strains isolated from vegetables allocated between the two main groups. These findings revealed high variability within the species at both gene and genome levels. The observed genetic heterogeneity among L. garvieae strains was not entirely coherent with the ecological niche of origin of the strains, but rather supports the idea of an early separation of L. garvieae population into two independent genomic lineages.
The Pump: A Decade of Covert Fun (2006)

This paper traces the ten plus year history of the Naval Research Laboratory's Pump idea. The Pump was theorized, designed, and built at the Naval Research Laboratory's Center for High Assurance Computer Systems. The reason for the Pump is the need to send messages from a "low" enclave to a "high" enclave, in a secure and reliable manner. In particular, the Pump was designed to minimize the covert channel threat from the necessary message acknowledgements, without penalizing system performance and reliability. We review the need for the Pump, the design of the Pump, the variants of the Pump, and the current status of the Pump, along with manufacturing and certification difficulties.
Growth and characterization of nanocrystalline diamond films for microelectronics and microelectromechanical systems (2008)

Diamond is widely known for its extraordinary properties, such as high thermal conductivity, energy bandgap and high material hardness and durability making it a very attractive material for microelectronic and mechanical applications. Synthetic diamonds produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods retain most of the properties of natural diamond. Within this class of material, nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) is being developed for microelectronic and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. During this research, intrinsic and doped NCD films were grown by the microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) method using CH4/Ar/H2 gas mixture and CH4/Ar/N2 gas chemistries respectively.\nThe first part of research focused on the growth and characterization of NCD films while the second part on the application of NCD as a structural material in MEMS device fabrication. The growth processes were optimized by evaluating the structural, mechanical and electrical properties. The nature of chemical bonding, namely the ratio of sp²:sp³ carbon content was estimated by Raman spectroscopy and near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) techniques. The micro-structural properties were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties of the pure NCD films were evaluated by nano-indentation. The electrical properties of the conductive films were studied by forming ohmic as well as schottky contacts.\nIn second part of this study, both free-standing and membrane capped field emitter devices were fabricated by a silicon mold technique using nitrogen incorporated (i.e., doped) NCD films. The capped field emission devices act as a prototype vacuum microelectronic sensor. The field emission tests of both devices were conducted using a diode electrical device model. The turn-on field and the emission current of free-standing emitter devices was found to be approximately 0.8 V/µm and 20 µA, respectively, while the turn-on fields of capped devices increased by an order of magnitude. The emission current in the field emission sensor changed from 1 µA to 25 µA as the membrane was deflected from 280 µm to 50 µm from the emission tip, respectively.
Substrate mapping and inhibitor profiling of falcipain-2, falcipain-3 and berghepain-2: implications for peptidase anti-malarial drug discovery (2006)

The Plasmodium falciparum cysteine peptidases FP-2 (falcipain-2) and FP-3 (falcipain-3), members of the papain-like CAC1 family, are essential haemoglobinases and are therefore potential anti-malarial drug targets. To facilitate a rational drug discovery programme, in the current study we analysed the synthetic substrate and model inhibitor profiles of FP-2 and FP-3 as well as BP-2 (berghepain-2), an orthologue from the rodent parasite Plasmodium berghei. With respect to substrate catalysis, FP-2 exhibited a promiscuous substrate profile based around a consensus non-primeside motif, FP-3 was somewhat more restricted and BP-2 was comparatively specific. Substrate turnover for FP-2 was driven by a basic or acidic P1 residue, whereas for FP-3 turnover occurred predominately through a basic P1 residue only, and for BP-2, turnover was again mainly through a basic P1 residue for some motifs and surprisingly a glycine in the P1 position for other motifs. Within these P1 binding elements, additional recognition motifs were observed with subtle nuances that switched substrate turnover on or off through specific synergistic combinations. The peptidases were also profiled against reversible and irreversible cysteine peptidase inhibitors. The results re-iterated the contrasting kinetic behaviour of each peptidase as observed through the substrate screens. The results showed that the substrate and inhibitor preferences of BP-2 were markedly different from those of FP-2 and FP-3. When FP-2 and FP-3 were compared to each other they also displayed similarities and some significant differences. In conclusion, the in vitro data highlights the current difficulties faced by a peptidase directed anti-malarial medicinal chemistry programme where compounds need to be identified with potent activity against at least three peptidases, each of which displays distinct biochemical traits.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of AllostericModulators of GABAB Receptors, Part 1. N-(Phenylpropyl)-1-arylethylamines* (2006)

A series of 15 analogues of fendiline, and 34 derivatives of N-(3-phenylpropyl)-1-arylethylamine have been prepared for evaluation as positive allosteric modulators of GABAB receptors. The most active (EC50, 10 nM) was N-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-1-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine 6g.
Apparent Activation Energies in Complex Reaction Mechanisms: A Simple Relationship via Degrees of Rate Control (2019)

The apparent activation energy of chemical reactions has played a central role in the field of chemical kinetics and has served as an important tool for analyzing and understanding reaction rates, mechanistic details of complex reaction mechanisms, elementary-step energetics, catalytic activity, and reaction selectivity. We derive here a general expression that shows that the apparent activation energy equals a weighted average of the standard-state enthalpies (relative to reactants) of all of the species (intermediates, transition states, and products) in the reaction mechanism, each weighted by its generalized degree of rate control (DRC). Since the DRC is zero for most of these species, even in very complex mechanisms, the weighted average includes only a few terms. This simplicity provides deep insights into the connection between the reaction-energy diagram and the apparent activation energy. We prove both this and the quantitative validity of this equation by analysis of numerous reaction mechanisms. We also show the failures or weaknesses of previous equations for the apparent activation energy.
Double Stranded RNA Simultaneously Targeting Four White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) genes Provides Protection against WSSV in Litopenaeus Vannamei (2015)

White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is a major economic threat to global shrimp aquaculture for which there is no available therapeutic. RNA-interference (RNAi)-based strategies could be a promising approach for limiting or curing WSSV epizootics. The present study explored the duration of effective protection provided to shrimp following treatment with long dsRNA molecules targeting WSSV genes. Injection of a mixture of in vitro transcribed dsRNA targeting four WSSV genes (viral capsid protein 28 (vp28), viral capsid protein 19 (vp19), ribonucleotide reductase2 (rr2) and thymidine kinasethymidylate kinase (tk-tmk) provided protection up to 95% for treated shrimp for up to 28 days post-injection. Periodic injection of 2.0 g of the dsRNA mixture was as effective as injection of a single 15 g dose in protecting shrimp against WSSV. These data have significant practical implications by providing further knowledge for development of RNAi-based therapeutics against WSSV.
Primary Aldosteronism: Factors Associated with Normalization of Blood Pressure after Surgery (2001)

Resolution of hypertension after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism is independently associated with a lack of family history of hypertension and preoperative use of two or fewer antihypertensive agents.
Diastereoselective Singlet Oxygen Ene Reaction (Schenck Reaction) and Diastereoselective Epoxidations of Heteroatom-Substituted Acyclic Chiral Olefins:  A Mechanistic Comparison (1996)

The directing propensity of allylic and homoallylic heteroatom substituents on the diastereoselective singlet oxygen ene reaction (Schenck reaction) of acyclic, chiral olefins has been investigated. These extensive stereochemical results offer evidence for our proposed mechanism of the diastereoselective singlet oxygen ene reaction. Thus, provided a substrate possesses sufficient 1,3-allylic strain to populate preferentially the appropriate conformation, the photooxygenation is directed threo-selectively by intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the threo-A exciplex of allylic alcohols, while electron-accepting or bulky substituents result in the erythro-configurated products. A detailed comparison of the diastereoselectivities for the singlet oxygen ene reaction with those of the epoxidation by m-chlorobenzoic acid (mCPBA) and dioxirane of several judiciously chosen substrates showed that both oxygen transfer processes are influenced similarly by allylic and homoallylic substituents. Thus, it is shown that the acyclic, allylic alcohol 1a is epoxidized highly threo-selectively by methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane due to hydrogen bonding in the transition state and that bulky and/or electron-accepting substituents direct all three oxidants erythro-selectively. These pronounced steering effects on the diastereoselectivity of oxygen transfer processes (photooxygenation and epoxidation) should be valuable for the rational design of stereocontrolled oxyfunctionalizations by 1O2, mCPBA, and dioxiranes.