gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 5-kW Isolated High Voltage Conversion Ratio Bidirectional CLTC Resonant DC–DC Converter With Wide Gain Range and High Efficiency (2018)

This paper presents a novel high voltage conversion ratio (HVCR) bidirectional CLTC resonant dc-dc converter. Based on inductor-inductor-capacitor (LLC), series resonant converter, and capacitor-inductor-inductor-capacitor (CLLC), the novel CLTC structure is proposed. With the use of auxiliary transformer and extra resonant capacitor, a CLTC resonant dc-dc converter can achieve zero voltage switching in all load ranges. Also, CLTC has a good gain characteristic with high power load. In this study, a review of the statuses for the isolated HVCR bidirectional converters is made. The operating principle of a bidirectional power flow in two directions is analyzed in details. In addition, by changing ac output resistance, a modified fundamental harmonic analysis (FHA) method makes the calculated gain curve more accurately than traditional FHA. Also, voltage and current stresses of power switches and resonant capacitors are given. A parameter optimization method is proposed to minimize the impedance angle of CLTC, which corresponds to less reactive power and turn-off current. The optimal parameters show advantages in voltage and current stresses. Moreover, power losses are analyzed in this study, showing advantage of CLTC in efficiency. At last, the experimental results based on a 5-kW prototype converter are presented to validate the theoretical analyses.
Infectious Disease Modeling of Social Contagion in Networks (2010)

Many behavioral phenomena have been found to spread interpersonally through social networks, in a manner similar to infectious diseases. An important difference between social contagion and traditional infectious diseases, however, is that behavioral phenomena can be acquired by non-social mechanisms as well as through social transmission. We introduce a novel theoretical framework for studying these phenomena (the SISa model) by adapting a classic disease model to include the possibility for 'automatic' (or 'spontaneous') non-social infection. We provide an example of the use of this framework by examining the spread of obesity in the Framingham Heart Study Network. The interaction assumptions of the model are validated using longitudinal network transmission data. We find that the current rate of becoming obese is 2 per year and increases by 0.5 percentage points for each obese social contact. The rate of recovering from obesity is 4 per year, and does not depend on the number of non-obese contacts. The model predicts a long-term obesity prevalence of approximately 42, and can be used to evaluate the effect of different interventions on steady-state obesity. Model predictions quantitatively reproduce the actual historical time course for the prevalence of obesity. We find that since the 1970s, the rate of recovery from obesity has remained relatively constant, while the rates of both spontaneous infection and transmission have steadily increased over time. This suggests that the obesity epidemic may be driven by increasing rates of becoming obese, both spontaneously and transmissively, rather than by decreasing rates of losing weight. A key feature of the SISa model is its ability to characterize the relative importance of social transmission by quantitatively comparing rates of spontaneous versus contagious infection. It provides a theoretical framework for studying the interpersonal spread of any state that may also arise spontaneously, such as emotions, behaviors, health states, ideas or diseases with reservoirs.
Monitoring a metropolitan freeway system using probe vehicles and random access radio channel (2002)

The lack of proficient real time traffic monitoring systems is one of the major bottlenecks of Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS) and Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS). The authors describe and analyze the performance of a method for collecting real-time traffic data from probe vehicles automatically sending traffic reports to one or more base stations, connected to a traffic center by a wired communications network. The results reveal that random access (ALOHA) transmission of traffic reports is a (spectrum) efficient, inexpensive and flexible method for collecting road traffic data and that this approach can provide reliable traffic monitoring. Not only highly accurate real time link travel times can be estimated, but also Automatic Incident Detection (AID) can be performed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
How Secure and Quick is QUIC? Provable Security and Performance Analyses (2015)

QUIC is a secure transport protocol developed by Google and implemented in Chrome in 2013, currently representing one of the most promising solutions to decreasing latency while intending to provide security properties similar with TLS. In this work we shed some light on QUIC's strengths and weaknesses in terms of its provable security and performance guarantees in the presence of attackers. We first introduce a security model for analyzing performance-driven protocols like QUIC and prove that QUIC satisfies our definition under reasonable assumptions on the protocol's building blocks. However, we find that QUIC does not satisfy the traditional notion of forward secrecy that is provided by some modes of TLS, e.g., TLS-DHE. Our analyses also reveal that with simple bit-flipping and replay attacks on some public parameters exchanged during the handshake, an adversary could easily prevent QUIC from achieving minimal latency advantages either by having it fall back to TCP or by causing the client and server to have an inconsistent view of their handshake leading to a failure to complete the connection. We have implemented these attacks and demonstrated that they are practical. Our results suggest that QUIC's security weaknesses are introduced by the very mechanisms used to reduce latency, which highlights the seemingly inherent trade off between minimizing latency and providing "good" security guarantees.
Digital Rights Management: The Technology Behidn The Hype (2003)

A specific digital rights management (DRM) system designed for digital document protection is presented in some detail. Following some background information on document protection, the various technical measures employed by this DRM system are discussed. These technical measures include a variety of tamper-resistance methods, controlled execution techniques, encryption, digital watermarking and other techniques. The discussion of specific security features is followed by a discussion of several other current and developing DRM systems and technologies. Comments and conjectures on the limitations and future directions of the technology are made throughout.
Facile Assembly of Fused Benzo[4,5]furo Heterocycles (2008)

A concise synthesis of fused benzo[4,5]furo heterocycles 18 has been developed. Chemo/regioselective Suzuki coupling between 1,2-dihaloarene 17 and alpha-hydroxyphenylboronic acid or ester 20 gives biaryl phenol 19, which then undergoes copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate (CuTC)-mediated intramolecular cyclization to afford 18 in good overall yield. This method has broad substrate scope and allows facile assembly of a wide variety of benzo[4,5]furo heterocycles.
Betrayal of the Innocents: Intrafamilial Rape and the Violation of Trust (1997)

There has been a heavy media coverage of paedophilia and sexual abuse by clergy. In stark contrast, the issues of sexual assault and rape within the family is rarely the focus of public attention. This article addresses the latter issue, from the perspective of the author's personal experience and research being undertaken for a PhD. It examines the meaning of the term 'incest', challenges its usefulness in naming the experience of victims of intrafamilial rape and suggests the term itself fosters denial of the enormity of the crime. The courts response to intrafamilial rape is to trivialise the experience of the victims and rule much of their testimony inadmissable, so that their story remains unheard. Finally there is a discussion of the depth of the betrayal and trust that is inherent in intrafamilial rape with suggestions to follow the Canadian model to extend the concept of fiduciary duty to family relationships.
History Matching of Three-Phase Flow Production Data (2001)

Abstract Adjoint equations for three-dimensional, three-phase flow problems are developed and implemented to calculate the sensitivity of production data to permeability fields and well skin factors. Typically, the development of adjoint equations is rather tedious, but the formulation given here makes the development and numerical solution of adjoint equations straightforward. The procedure for calculating sensitivity coefficients is coupled with a fully-implicit finite-difference simulator to develop an automatic history matching procedure. Even if one does not wish to fully automate history matching, sensitivity coefficients are useful for understanding the physics that control three-dimensional multiphase flow and the influence of local reservoir properties on production data. Procedures to estimate the value of particular types of data (pressure, producing gas-oil ratio and water-oil ratio) for reducing the uncertainty in estimates of reservoir properties are applied and discussed.
A diamidobenzimidazole STING agonist protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection (2021)

Coronaviruses are a family of RNA viruses that cause acute and chronic diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract in humans and other animals. SARS-CoV-2 is a recently emerged coronavirus that has led to a global pandemic causing a severe respiratory disease known as COVID-19 with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development of antiviral therapeutics are urgently needed while vaccine programs roll out worldwide. Here we describe a diamidobenzimidazole compound, diABZI-4, that activates STING and is highly effective in limiting SARS-CoV-2 replication in cells and animals. diABZI-4 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in lung epithelial cells. Administration of diABZI-4 intranasally before or even after virus infection conferred complete protection from severe respiratory disease in K18-ACE2-transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. Intranasal delivery of diABZI-4 induced a rapid short-lived activation of STING, leading to transient proinflammatory cytokine production and lymphocyte activation in the lung associated with inhibition of viral replication. Our study supports the use of diABZI-4 as a host-directed therapy which mobilizes antiviral defenses for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19.
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA is highly expressed in normal breast tissues and down-regulated in ductal carcinoma in situ (2004)

Telomerase is a ribonuclear protein that maintains telomere length in eukaryotic cells. Activation of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase, has been implicated in cellular immortalization and may play a critical role in carcinogenesis. Prior studies in DCIS have been small, and used polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods on heterogeneous tissue extracts. In this study, we used in situ hybridization to determine the cell type and topographic expression pattern of hTERT mRNA in a large series of cased in normal breast ductal-lobular units and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). A total of 120 breast samples were evaluated. High level of hTERT mRNA expression was observed in both normal breast ductal-lobular units and DCIS, which showed a very heterogeneous expression pattern. Overall, hTERT mRNA expression was significantly higher in normal cells compared to DCIS (p=0.000). These results suggest that hTERT not only plays an important role in breast cancer progression but it is also involved in regulating the cellular function of normal breast ductal-lobular units. This finding challenges the conventional view that hTERT mRNA expression is repressed in somatic cells but activated in neoplastic cells. Our results also suggest that telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA expression may play an important role in the homeostasis of normal breast epithelial cells and neoplastic cells do not necessarily have increased level of expression of hTERT.
SK Channel Regulation of Dendritic Excitability and Dendrodendritic Inhibition in the Olfactory Bulb (2005)

Small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK) regulate dendritic excitability in many neurons. In the olfactory bulb, regulation of backpropagating action potentials and dendrodendritic inhibition depend on the dendritic excitability of mitral cells. We report here that SK channel currents are present in mitral cells but are not detectable in granule cells in the olfactory bulb. In brain slices from PND 14-21 mice, long step depolarizations (100 ms) in the mitral cell soma evoked a cadmium- and apamin-sensitive outward SK current lasting several hundred milliseconds. Block of the SK current unmasked an inward N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) autoreceptor current due to glutamate released from mitral cell dendrites. In low extracellular Mg(2+) (100 microM), brief step depolarizations (2 ms) evoked an apamin-sensitive current that was reduced by D,L-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid. In current- clamp, block of SK channels increased action potential firing in mitral cells as well as dendrodendritic inhibition. Our results indicate that SK channels can be activated either by calcium channels or NMDA channels in mitral cell dendrites, providing a mechanism for local control of dendritic excitability.
Perfluoroalkyl Grignard and Grignard-type reagents. Part IV. Trifluoromethylmagnesium iodide (1954)

R. N. Haszeldine, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 1273 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540001273
Using partial information to update materialized views (1995)

This paper lays the theoretical foundations for identifying classes of views and data partitioning strategies that allow efficient incremental view maintenance using “partial information” about the underlying base relations. We present necessary and sufficient conditions for determining how a materialized select-project-join view can be updated using only the view definition, the current view materialization, and the update (i.e., no base relations); and also how to update views using only the view definition, the update, and the updated base relation (i.e., not the other base relations). We generalize the above results to use an arbitrary subset of the base relations and the current view materialization. Our results are especially useful in distributed databases, in disconnected and mobile computing environments where the underlying database is not always accessible, and in data warehousing applications. Our techniques can be used to minimize remote data access and often to completely avoid remote access. This paper gives the intuition and theory necessary for identifying and designing views that are efficiently maintainable using partial information.
Convolution engine (2015)

General-purpose processors, while tremendously versatile, pay a huge cost for their flexibility by wasting over 99% of the energy in programmability overheads. We observe that reducing this waste requires tuning data storage and compute structures and their connectivity to the data-flow and data-locality patterns in the algorithms. Hence, by backing off from full programmability and instead targeting key data-flow patterns used in a domain, we can create efficient engines that can be programmed and reused across a wide range of applications within that domain. We present the Convolution Engine (CE)---a programmable processor specialized for the convolution-like data-flow prevalent in computational photography, computer vision, and video processing. The CE achieves energy efficiency by capturing data-reuse patterns, eliminating data transfer overheads, and enabling a large number of operations per memory access. We demonstrate that the CE is within a factor of 2--3× of the energy and area efficiency of custom units optimized for a single kernel. The CE improves energy and area efficiency by 8--15× over data-parallel Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) engines for most image processing applications.<!-- END_PAGE_1 -->
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 8/2014 (2014)

Front Cover: 1,2,3-Triazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s are prepared by a solvent- and catalyst-free monotopic approach based on thermal polyaddition of an α-azide-ω-alkyne and in-situ quaternization of the resulting 1,4-/1,5-disubstituted poly(1,2,3-triazole) s. While a significant reduction in time, number of synthetic and purification steps is achieved, the resulting ion conducting materials have properties comparable to their pure 1,3,4-trisubstituted regioisomers. Further details can be found in the article by M. M. Obadia, B. P. Mudraboyina, I. Allaoua, A. Haddane, D. Montarnal, A. Serghei, and E. Drockenmuller* on page 794.
Effects of bleed air extraction of thrust levels on the F404-GE-400 turbofan engine (1992)

A ground test was performed to determine the effects of compressor bleed flow extraction on the performance of F404-GE-400 afterburning turbofan engines. The two engines were installed in the F/A-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Facility. A specialized bleed ducting system was installed onto the aircraft to control and measure engine bleed airflow while the aircraft was tied down to a thrust measuring stand. The test was conducted on each engine and at various power settings. The bleed air extraction levels analyzed included flow rates above the manufacturer's maximum specification limit. The measured relationship between thrust and bleed flow extraction was shown to be essentially linear at all power settings with an increase in bleed flow causing a corresponding decrease in thrust. A comparison with the F404-GE-400 steady-state engine simulation showed the estimation to be within +/- 1 percent of measured thrust losses for large increases in bleed flow rate.
Systematic Search for Recipes to Generate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2011)

Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) opens a new avenue in regenerative medicine. One of the major hurdles for therapeutic applications is to improve the efficiency of generating iPSCs and also to avoid the tumorigenicity, which requires searching for new reprogramming recipes. We present a systems biology approach to efficiently evaluate a large number of possible recipes and find those that are most effective at generating iPSCs. We not only recovered several experimentally confirmed recipes but we also suggested new ones that may improve reprogramming efficiency and quality. In addition, our approach allows one to estimate the cell-state landscape, monitor the progress of reprogramming, identify important regulatory transition states, and ultimately understand the mechanisms of iPSC generation.
High efficiency linear envelope tracking and envelope elimination and restoration power amplifier for WLAN OFDM applications (2006)

High efficiency radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) are critical in portable battery-operated wireless communication systems because they can dominate the power consumption. Linear power amplifier is required for envelope modulated signal. Traditionally, linear power amplifiers are implemented by "backing-off" the Class-A or Class-AB PA. However for a high peak-to-average (PAR) signal, the average efficiency is much lower than the peak efficiency, which is well down as the inherent trade-off between linearity and efficiency. This dissertation focuses on Envelope Elimination and Restoration (EER) and Envelope Tracking (ET) efficiency enhancement techniques to improve the PA average efficiency for high PAR signal. The EER and ET PA structures are investigated. Wideband ET and "hybrid" EER structures are proposed for WLAN 802.11g signal at 20MHz signal. Two major challenges of the wideband EER and ET PAs are investigated: 1) An adaptive time-alignment algorithm was proposed to calibrate the time-mismatch in wideband EER and ET systems; (2) A high efficiency wideband envelope amplifier is designed for wideband EER and wideband ET applications. A monolithic wideband high efficiency ET power amplifier is designed and implemented for WLAN 802.11g applications in IBM SiGe BiCMOS technology. Digital pre-distortion was implemented to reduce the EVM of the amplifier. The measured overall power-added efficiency of the amplifier is 28% at 20 dBm (100mW) output power
Observations on the Stereochemical Outcome of the UGI Four-Component Condensation (1989)

Abstract Investigations were carried out to explain the unexpected distribution of cis and trans products from the Ugi four-component condensation involving a cyclic imine. The nature of the transition state complex was deemed to be a determining factor. The influence of solvent polarity on the isomeric ratio of the products was also examined.
Nucleobase Analogs for Degenerate Hybridization Devised through Conformational Pairing Analysis (2007)

A conformational pairing analysis was used to devise nucleobase analogs capable of forming nonselective and energetically favorable base pairs opposite either the purine or the pyrimidine constituents of nucleic acids. 5-methylisocytosine and isoguanine were conceived as a degenerate pyrimidine and a degenerate purine, respectively. Data from previous DNA duplex melting experiments verified that the analogs can act as degenerate nucleobases as hypothesized. Isoguanine also formed unusually stable base pairs with guanine. A quantitative PCR assay yielding equivalent results across hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes was created with this system, despite the use of a single probe targeted to a polymorphic region. Amplification curves using probes with 5-methylisocytosine or isoguanine opposite appropriate ambiguous target positions exhibited more signal than curves from similar probes containing common degenerate nucleobase hypoxanthine.
Carnitine Supplementation Affects Some Biochemical Variables and Level of 400 Meters Crawl in Swimmers (2013)

This research aims to identify the effect of taking carnitine supplementation on some biochemical variables (ammonia, amino acids and lactic acid) and level of 400 meters crawl swimmers. The researcher utilized the experimental approach, the pre and post design for one group, with (12) swimmers from Tanta Sport Club team U 15, who were selected by deliberate way. Results: (1) Taking compound of carnitine reduces rates of (ammonia - amino acids - lactic acid) in 400 meters crawl swimmers U 15. (2) Taking compound of carnitine has a positive effect on achievement level of 400 meters crawl swimmers U 15. The researcher recommended that Swimmers should take compound of carnitine as a supplementation as its importance in overcomes the increase in rates of (ammonia - amino acids - lactic acid). The necessity of eating meals includes a high proportion of antioxidants during competition.
Natural Inhibitors of Tumour Necrosis Factor-α Production, Secretion and Function (2000)

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), originally discovered by its antitumor activity, is one of the most pleotropic cytokines acting as a host defence factor in immunologic and inflammatory responses. Although the antitumour activity and mediation of inflammation by TNF could be beneficial to the host, unregulated TNF is now known to be the basis for development of various diseases including septic shock, the wasting disease, cachexia, and various inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases. With an attempt to find potential therapeutic agents for TNF-mediated diseases, research during the last decade has led in the identification of well over one hundred natural inhibitors of either TNF production/secretion or function. This review summarises the structures, mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of these natural products.