gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scaling of Infrared Remote Sensor Hydrocarbon Measurements for Motor Vehicle Emission Inventory Calculations (1998)

Infrared (IR) remote sensors calibrated with propane understate volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations in vehicle exhaust by 30−70% when compared to flame ionization detectors (FID). The difference depends on VOC composition and arises because many organic compounds in vehicle exhaust absorb less IR radiation than propane on a per-carbon basis. This study demonstrates an approach for scaling infrared measurements to reflect more accurately total exhaust VOC emissions from on-road motor vehicle fleets. Infrared versus flame ionization detector response to individual VOC was measured in the laboratory for methyl tert-butyl ether and a range of alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics that are prominent in vehicle exhaust. Overall IR/FID response to real exhaust mixtures was calculated by summing the response contributions of all individual VOC constituents. Average IR/FID response factors were calculated for typical on-road vehicle fleets based on VOC speciation profiles measured in several U.S. roadway tunnels. Results indicate that hydrocarbon concentrations measured by remote sensors with 3.4 μm filters should be multiplied by a factor of 2.0 ± 0.1 for light-duty vehicles using either California or federal reformulated gasoline blends and by 2.2 ± 0.1 when conventional gasoline is used.
Experimental bladder substitution using a biodegradable graft of natural tissue (1978)

Abstract A controlled canine experimental study has been performed to test the application of a biodegradeable graft to vesical augmentation. The graft, after providing initial bladder enlargement, is progressively reabsorbed while serving as a foundation for the regeneration and healing of the layers of the bladder remnant. Follow‐up studies at 1 year revealed no urinary infection, calculi, extravasation of urine, or rejection of the material. Normal bladder capacities were maintained throughout the study and the reconstructed bladders functioned normally. The biodegradable graft was equally successful when applied either to a histologically normal bladder remnant, or to a pathological bladder of intramural fibrosis. These results suggest that this material may be well suited to clinical bladder substitution in humans.
Interactions between the GroE chaperonins and rhodanese. Multiple intermediates and release and rebinding. (1995)

Efficient renaturation of urea-denatured rhodanese using the chaperonin GroE system requires GroEL, GroES, and ATP. At high concentrations this renaturation also requires the substrate thiosulfate to have been present during GroEL-rhodanese complex formation. When thiosulfate is present the GroEL-rhodanese complex can be concentrated to greater than 1 mg/ml rhodanese with little effect on the efficiency of renaturation. However, if complex is formed in the absence of thiosulfate, renaturation of rhodanese in the presence of thiosulfate shows a critical concentration of approximately 0.4 mg/ml, above which renaturation yields drop dramatically. This critical concentration appears to be related to an aggregation event in the refolding of rhodanese. The nucleotide free or ADP-bound form of GroEL also binds to rhodanese that has been either already renatured or never denatured. The bound rhodanese has no activity but can be released from GroEL with ATP recovering 90% of control activity. The data presented herein support a release and rebinding mechanism for the GroE-assisted refolding of rhodanese. It also suggests GroEL binds several protein folding intermediates along the entire refolding pathway.
A remote controllable fiber-type near-infrared light-responsive actuator (2017)

A novel near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive sodium polyacrylate (PAAS)/graphene oxide (GO) fiber with a torsional pre-deformation structure is reported to realize remote control actuation. The torsional pre-deformed PAAS/GO fiber exhibited various actuation phenomena, under the control of a low powered near-infrared light (50 mW cm<sup>-2</sup>), such as rotating in a low-temperature range (<25 °C), rolling a distance of 10 times of its diameter within 10 s, and even driving the shape change of a fabric (the weight is as high as 20 times of the fiber itself).
Effects of BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, and methanol-extration residue in the reduction of mortality from Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans infections in immunosuppressed mice (1975)

An immunosuppressed mouse model was devised to test the effects of immunopotentiators on the prevention of bacterial and fungal infections. The effects of BCG and Corynebacterium were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans infection. The effect of methanol-extraction residue (MER-BCG) was tested against S. aureus septicemia. CDF mice were given various doses of BCG, 1.0 mg of C. parvum, or 0.5 mg of MER intraperitoneally at varying intervals before injection of an intravenous bacterial challenge. Four days before challenge, 300 mg of cyclophosphamide per ml was given intraperitoneally. BCG (106 colony-forming units) reduced mortality due to S.aureus at pretreatment intervals of 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide treatment elimated the protective effect of the live BCG. C. parvum was as effective as BCG against S. aureus septicemia when given 3 days before infection, but lost most of its protective effect after that time. MER protected at doses as small as 0.25 mg when given 25 days prior to challenge. Both BCG and C. parvum exerted a protective effect against Candida albicans infection.
Low power 3-axis Lorentz force navigation magnetometer (2011)

Demonstrated here is a MEMS magnetometer fabricated with the ST Microelectronics THELMA process that uses a single MEMS structure to detect magnetic flux in two axes. The device is comprised of a single Lorentz force actuator where the resulting shuttle motion is detected in two axes using differential in-plane capacitive sensing electrodes and a single-ended out-of-plane electrode. Three axis magnetic flux sensing is achieved using two perpendicular structures on the same die. The device is intended for electronic compass navigation applications and using a total of 300 μW of drive power has a 3-axis angular resolution of 0.8 degrees/rt-Hz in California, USA.
Ratio matching. Statistical aid for discovering generic relations among samples (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRatio matching. Statistical aid for discovering generic relations among samplesOswald U. AndersCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 12, 1930–1933Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60320a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60320a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance of Unidirectional Broadcast Local Area Networks: Expressnet and Fasnet (1983)

Local area communication networks based on packet broadcasting techniques provide simple architectures and flexible and efficient operation. Unidirectional broadcast systems use a unidirectional transmission medium which, due to their physical ordering on the medium, users can access according to some efficient distributed conflict-free round-robin algorithm. Two systems of this type have been presented in the literature: Expressnet and Fasnet. In this paper we briefly describe these two. We identify three different service disciplines achievable by these systems and discuss and compare the performance of each. These systems overcome some of the performance limitations of existing random-access schemes, making them particularly well suited to the high bandwidth requirements Of an integrated services digital local network.
Metabolic and cellular plasticity in white adipose tissue I: effects of β<sub>3</sub>-adrenergic receptor activation (2005)

Selective agonists of beta(3)-adrenergic receptors (Adrb3) exhibit potent anti-diabetes properties in rodent models when given chronically, yet the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. A salient feature of chronic Adrb3 activation is pronounced remodeling of white adipose tissue (WAT), which includes mitochondrial biogenesis and elevation of metabolic rate. To gain insights into potential mechanisms underlying WAT remodeling, the time course of remodeling induced by the Adrb3 agonist CL-316,243 (CL) was analyzed using histological, physiological, and global gene profiling approaches. The results indicate that continuous CL treatment induced a transient proinflammatory response that was followed by cellular proliferation among stromal cells and multilocular adipocytes. CL treatment strongly fragmented the central lipid storage droplet of mature adipocytes and induced mitochondrial biogenesis within these cells. Mitochondrial biogenesis was correlated with the upregulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial electron transport activity. The elevated catabolic activity of WAT was temporally correlated with upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and its target genes, suggesting involvement of this transcription factor in coordinating the gene program that elevates WAT catabolic activity.
A Waveform Strategy for Detection of Targets in Multiplicative Clutter (2006)

Conventional radar signal processing techniques approximate multipath as a linear process. Unfortunately, such an approach results in poor detection performance and because the model for the interference does not accurately represent the physical scattering process. We instead propose a method that uses the flexibility of waveform design for a given aperture to linearize the physical scattering phenomenon. This allows us to successfully detect targets using a Wiener matched filter approach in high multipath conditions.
Experience of a Nurse Practitioner Performing Colonoscopy at a Tertiary Center in the United States (2015)

Background: The majority of the literature that involves non-physician endoscopists pertains to the performance of flexible sigmoidoscopy, with only limited reports of their performance of colonoscopy. Recent ASGE guidelines stated that there is insufficient data to support non-physician endoscopists to perform colonoscopy. Objective: To assess the performance of a fellowship-trained nurse practitioner (NP) in colonoscopy. Methods: The NP's performance was evaluated using quality indicators for colonoscopy as defined by the ASGE/ACG Taskforce, including appropriate indication, informed consent, appropriate surveillance interval, documentation of bowel preparation quality, photo documentation of cecal landmarks, cecal intubation rate, adenoma detection rate (ADR), withdrawal time, and incidence of procedure-related complications. Results: The study included 300 consecutive subjects (mean age 55.4 years, female 48.3%, African American 84.6%) who underwent average risk screening colonoscopies. A total of 385 polyps were detected for a mean polyp detection rate of 1.28 per colonoscopy. The overall adenoma detection rate was 35.0%, with 41.3% detection in men and 28.3% detection in females. Cecal intubation was successful in 297 (99.0%) subjects. The mean withdrawal time was 19.3 minutes (range 6.7-66.7 minutes). There were no adverse events including colonic perforations or post-polypectomy bleeding. Conclusion: We describe the technical and cognitive performance of a non-physician in colonoscopy in the United States. The NP adequately satisfied all of the quality indicators proposed by the ASG/ACG Taskforce. With the demand for screening colonoscopies exceeding the supply of qualified providers, non-physicians could be a potential solution to increasing the capacity of endoscopists needed to perform CRC screening. However, non-physicians, similar to physicians, should be subjected to a quality monitoring program.
Superior Capacity Retention of Oxygen Stoichiometric Spinel Li[sub 1+x]Mn[sub 2−x]O[sub 4+δ] at Elevated Temperature (2005)

A Li-rich spinel was prepared by sintering a mixture of LiOH and at 1000°C and then annealing at lower temperature together with extra LiOH. The new material with formula based on chemical analysis belongs to a new kind of oxygen stoichiometric spinels with metal vacancies on 16d sites as expressed by in terms of site assignments (□ represents vacancies). With Li-doping and the presence of vacancies on 16d sites, the structural stability was enhanced and capacity retention at elevated temperature was improved significantly. In addition, the new material shows very low Mn dissolution that is necessary for stable cycling performance of Li-ion batteries based on spinel cathodes. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Scalable Gaussian process regression using deep neural networks (2015)

We propose a scalable Gaussian process model for regression by applying a deep neural network as the feature-mapping function. We first pre-train the deep neural network with a stacked denoising auto-encoder in an unsupervised way. Then, we perform a Bayesian linear regression on the top layer of the pre-trained deep network. The resulting model, Deep-Neural-Network-based Gaussian Pro-cess (DNN-GP), can learn much more meaningful representation of the data by the finite-dimensional but deep-layered feature-mapping function. Unlike standard Gaussian processes, our model scales well with the size of the training set due to the avoidance of kernel matrix inversion. Moreover, we present a mixture of DNN-GPs to further improve the re-gression performance. For the experiments on three representative large datasets, our proposed models significantly outperform the state-of-the-art algo-rithms of Gaussian process regression. 1
Segmentation-assisted compression of multimedia documents (2002)

Block-based compression algorithms have found widespread use in image and video compression standards. Algorithms such as JPEG, however, while very effective in compressing continuous tone images, do not perform well in compressing multimedia documents which contain text and graphics. With a growing number of applications using images with a high content of both continuous tone data and text, e.g. color facsimile data and educational videos, requires the need for a good compression algorithm. In this paper we present a modified JPEG algorithm for compressing such mixed-mode images which occur in multimedia documents. The algorithm is based on the classification of a block as a kind of text or an image block depending on its DCT coefficients. There can be anywhere from 2 to 256 classes. With such a classification, the same compression algorithm can be applied except that different quantization matrices are used for the different type of blocks. The compression algorithm also uses different entropy codes for the different type of blocks. Simulation results show that the modified JPEG algorithm achieves upto 3 dB gain in PSNR compared to JPEG on multimedia documents.
Shared T cell recognition sites on human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen class II molecules of patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. (1986)

Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adult and juvenile patients is associated with the serologic marker HLA-DR4. This association is incomplete; about one-third of the patients lack the disease-associated HLA-DR4 haplotype. The main biological function of class II molecules is to restrict the recognition of antigen by T lymphocytes. We therefore tested the hypothesis that patients with seropositive RA share T cell recognition sites for an unknown antigen and that such T cell "epitopes" are not identified by conventional serologic typing. We generated alloreactive human T cell clones by stimulating peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal donors against a lymphoblastoid cell line from a juvenile patient with seropositive RA. A panel of clones that recognized only HLA-Dw14 cells on a panel of homozygous typing cells was used to analyze class II molecules of adult patients with seropositive RA. By inhibition studies using monoclonal antibodies, the epitopes recognized by the different clones could be further characterized and assigned either to DR- or to DQ-encoded cell surface products. By using four different clones, it was possible to identify Dw14-associated T cell epitopes on all seropositive rheumatoid patients tested who typed HLA-DR4-positive and also on all eight DR4-negative patients tested. Approximately one-half of nonrheumatoid DR4-positive donors carried one or more determinants recognized by these clones; the expression of these allodeterminants in DR4-negative nonrheumatoid patients was rare (less than 10%). Thus, alloreactive human T cell clones are powerful tools to define T cell recognition sites on class II molecules that are not identified by conventional typing. Using T cell clones with specificities for determinants expressed on Dw14 homozygous typing lines, we were able to demonstrate shared epitopes on cells of all patients tested with seropositive RA irrespective of their HLA-D or HLA-DR type. These data suggest that major histocompatibility complex class II antigens of RA patients might be much more homogeneous than demonstrated by the incomplete HLA-DR4 association.
A true three-dimensional display (1971)

A new three-dimensional (3D) display concept is described that employs a random accessed flying spot in a transparent volume of material viewable from any position outside the volume. Arbitrary, true 3D figures may be presented ranging from line to full surface drawings and including alphanumerics. The display has a multicolor capability, continuously variable intensity, and can exhibit fixed or moving objects with good resolution. Display volumes of several cubic feet with high information capacity seem feasible.
Hardware implementation of bluetooth security (2003)

Bluetooth can implement its security layer's key-generation mechanism and authentication in software or hardware. Software implementation usually satisfies user requirements, but in time-critical applications or processing-constrained devices, a hardware implementation is preferable.
A proposal of encoded computations for distributed massively multiplayer online services (2006)

This paper deals with Massively Multiplayer Online services, which are used to interact with other user in real time. Although it is possible to distribute the load on the server to users' computers, the distributed services are more vulnerable to cheating such as data theft. We propose a method for concealing data from a user who is authorized to manage the data. The method makes it possible to carry out various kinds of operations with data and program codes concealed. We show that concealed information can not be figured out with the knowledge of original programs or encoding keys which other users have.
Aggregation-Resistant Water-Soluble Gold Nanoparticles (2007)

Stable, water-soluble gold nanoparticles, Au NPs, having an average diameter of ca. 4 nm, were prepared using place exchange reactions. The nanoparticles, capped with novel zwitterionic disulfide ligands, showed remarkable stability in saline media with salt concentrations as high as 3.0 M. Similarly, the Au NPs did not precipitate out of solution when charged polyelectrolytes or biopolymers were added, indicating the absence of nonspecific interactions. The stability and degree of association of Au NPs were characterized using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, quasi-elastic light scattering, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
Thiofurodysinin, a Sulfur-Containing Furanosesquiterpene from the Marine Sponge Dysidea avara (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiofurodysinin, a Sulfur-Containing Furanosesquiterpene from the Marine Sponge Dysidea avaraRobert J. Capon and John K. MacLeodCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1987, 50, 6, 1136–1137Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50054a021https://doi.org/10.1021/np50054a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
LRRK2 phosphorylates novel tau epitopes and promotes tauopathy (2013)

Mutations in the gene encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most frequent cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). The neuropathology of LRRK2-related PD is heterogeneous and can include aberrant tau phosphorylation or neurofibrillary tau pathology. Recently, LRRK2 has been shown to phosphorylate tau in vitro; however, the major epitopes phosphorylated by LRRK2 and the physiological or pathogenic consequences of these modifications in vivo are unknown. Using mass spectrometry, we identified multiple sites on recombinant tau that are phosphorylated by LRRK2 in vitro, including pT149 and pT153, which are phospho-epitopes that to date have been largely unexplored. Importantly, we demonstrate that expression of transgenic LRRK2 in a mouse model of tauopathy increased the aggregation of insoluble tau and its phosphorylation at T149, T153, T205, and S199/S202/T205 epitopes. These findings indicate that tau can be a LRRK2 substrate and that this interaction can enhance salient features of human disease.
Orchestrated Transcription of Key Pathways in <i>Arabidopsis</i> by the Circadian Clock (2000)

Like most organisms, plants have endogenous biological clocks that coordinate internal events with the external environment. We used high-density oligonucleotide microarrays to examine gene expression in Arabidopsis and found that 6% of the more than 8000 genes on the array exhibited circadian changes in steady-state messenger RNA levels. Clusters of circadian-regulated genes were found in pathways involved in plant responses to light and other key metabolic pathways. Computational analysis of cycling genes allowed the identification of a highly conserved promoter motif that we found to be required for circadian control of gene expression. Our study presents a comprehensive view of the temporal compartmentalization of physiological pathways by the circadian clock in a eukaryote.