gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing the stroboscopic effects of LED luminaires with pulse width modulation control (2016)

Pulse width modulation for dimming the light output of LEDs has become common. When pulse width modulation is used at low frequencies unwanted visual artefacts including flicker perception and stroboscopic effects may occur. These artefacts need to be avoided or at least reduced to a minimum in order to obtain high user acceptance. In this paper, an optimized phase-shifted pulse width modulation method is described, implemented and validated in a visual experiment. The method is intended to minimize the stroboscopic effect on a reference surface by first optimizing the LED units of a single LED luminaire and then co-optimizing several of these luminaires. The optimized pulse width modulation waveforms are then compared to standard pulse width modulation dimming methods. In the visual experiment, 13 subjects rated the extent of the stroboscopic effect of standard and optimized waveforms in a white painted experimental room. The results indicate that the optimized waveforms are indistinguishable from constant light.
PLANO SOLO (1968)

Journal Article PLANO SOLO Get access Skalkottas Nikos , 10 Piano Pieces. ( Universal Edition, London, 1965, £1 2s. 6d.) Stockhausen Karlheinz, Nr. 4: Klavierstücke V, VI, VII & VIII. ( Universal Edition, London, 1965, 12s., £1 10s., 12s. & 9s.) P. A. E. P. A. E. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume XLIX, Issue 1, January 1968, Pages 90-b–92, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/XLIX.1.90-b Published: 01 January 1968
Useful syntheses of .BETA.-amino-.GAMMA.-ketobutyric acid derivatives from aspartic acid. (1986)

C-Acylation of α-isocyanosuccinate having an aspartic acid skeleton, Dakin-West and Friedel-Crafts reactions with 2-oxazolin-5-oneacetate (aspartic acid azlactone) were found to be efficient methods for the preparation of various β-amino-γ-ketobutyric acid derivatives.
B-trees: bearing fruits of all kinds (2002)

Index structures are often used to support search operations in large databases. Many advanced database application domains such as spatial databases, multimedia databases, temporal databases, and object-oriented databases, call for index structures that are specially designed and tailored for the domains. Interestingly, in each of these domains, we find methods that are based on one distinct structure --- the B-tree. Invented some thirty years ago, the B-tree has been challenged repeatedly, but has retained its competitiveness. In this paper, we first give a quick review of B-trees. We then present its adaptations to various domains. For each domain, we present representative B-tree-based structures and their search operations. We conclude that the B-tree is truly an ubiquitous structure that has stood the test of times with wide acceptance in many domains.
Viewing a programming environment as a single tool (1984)

Programming environments support the creation, modification, execution and debugging of programs. The goal of integrating a programming environment is more than simply building tools that share a common data base and provide a consistent user interface. Ideally, the programming environment appears to the programmer as a single tool; there are no firewalls separating the various functions provided by the environment. This paper describes the techniques used to integrate Magpie, an interactive programming environment for Pascal. Display windows, called browsers, provide a consistent approach for interacting with the Pascal source code or the execution state of the program. Incremental compilation allows the programmer to specify debugging actions in Pascal, eliminating the need for a separate debugging language.
Zinc-oxide–on–silicon surface acoustic wave resonators (1980)

The first surface acoustic wave resonators fabricated using a ZnO-on-Si layered structure are described and characterized. The optimum location of the transducers in the resonant cavity and the general performance are first cited for devices containing isoloated aluminum, isolated Cr/Au, and shorted Cr/Au reflector strips. The transmission characteristics and reflecting properties of the shorted Cr/Au configuration are then examined in more detail. An unloaded Q of 3100 has been obtained with the shorted Cr/Au configuration at a resonant frequency of 105.4 MHz.
Towards <i>in situ</i> Raman Microscopy of Single Catalytic Sites (2002)

We describe analytical techniques that allow an observation of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions, close to realistic chemical reaction conditions, with a spatial resolution down to 100 nm. Vibrational spectroscopy and scanning-force microscopy are combined to accomplish this goal. Raman microscopy is used for the investigation of the structural changes during heterogeneous catalytic reaction. This results already in a resolution of 1–2 μm, while in combination with scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), a spatial resolution of even 100 nm has been achieved. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) improves the sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy by many orders of magnitude and thus allows the study of a much broader range of reactions. As a model reaction system, the Pd catalyzed hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane was chosen. Spectra measured under reactive conditions differ significantly from reference spectra of the reactants and products measured under nonreactive conditions. This is explained by a structural change of the adsorbates on the activated surface but also by the possible formation of reaction intermediates.
Timing analysis using functional analysis (1988)

The usual block-oriented timing analysis for logic circuits does not take into account functional relations between signals. If functional relations are taken into consideration, it could be found that a long path is never activated. This results in more accurate delays. A comparison is made of three arrival time functions, A, B, and R. A is the arrival time as given by exhaustive simulation; B is the arrival time as calculated by a usual block-oriented algorithm; and R is the arrival time, that does functional analysis. It is shown that B contained in R contained in A. The first relation means that R is never more conservative than B and whenever the containment is proper, R is an improvement over B. The second relation means that R is correct in the sense that it will never assert a signal to be valid when it is not valid according to the ideal A. Experimental results showing how often R is an improvement over B are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The use of radiant heat transfer in the curing of coatings on complex geometries and problematic substrates (1997)

Details the use of infrared energy as a heat transfer mechanism to products that would not normally be regarded as candidates for this form of heating. Work undertaken between Eastern Electricity and Heraeus Noblelight to determine the benefits of infrared in combination with convective heat transfer applied to the curing of electrophoretic coatings on automotive body shells is given to illustrate complex geometric structures. Uses infrared heating applied to the curing of coatings on wooden substrates to highlight problematic substrates.
Grafting of polyesters onto carbon black. VI. Copolymerization of alkylene carbonate with cyclic acid anhydride initiated by alkali metal carboxylate groups on carbon black surface (1985)

Abstract The ring‐opening copolymerization of alkylene carbonate with cyclic acid anhydride was found to be initiated by carbon black containing potassium carboxylate (COOK) groups to give an alternating polymer, i.e., polyester. The polyester was propagated from COOK groups and effectively grafted from carbon black surface: e.g., the grafting ratio of polyester from ethylene carbonate (EC) and phthalic anhydride (PAn) went up to over 100%. On the other hand, the initiating activity of alkali metal carboxylate groups increased, depending on the alkali metal countercation, in the following order: COOLi < COONa < COOK < COORb < COOCs. This order was in agreement with that of increasing electropositivity of the counteraction. The activation energy of the copolymerization of EC with PAn was determined to be 26.3 kcal/mol. The rate of the copolymerization was accelerated in an aprotic solvent such as N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone. Furthermore, the effect of solvent and polymerization temperature on the grafting ratio of polyester was investigated.
Evaluating the Use of Brazilian Companies' Financial Footnotes Texts for Debt Variation Prediction (2017)

This article presents a study using Brazilian publicly listed companies' financial statements footnotes, in order to verify if these documents can provide information to predict variations in the debt of the corresponding firms. From a text mining perspective, we built classification models by assigning a class to each company in a period of time based on the variation of the debt to equity ratio. We conducted experiments using two different classifiers: random forest and support vector machine. The caret package in R language was used for this work. When we employed the random forest classifier, we got accuracies 4 percent points greater than the baseline accuracy, suggesting that the textual content of financial statements has some potential use for debt prediction.
Aberrant Regulation of Survivin by the RB/E2F Family of Proteins (2004)

Survivin is a putative oncogene that is aberrantly expressed in cancer cells. It has been hypothesized to play a central role in cancer progression and resistance to therapy in diverse tumor types. Although some of the transcriptional processes regulating its expression have been established, the diversity of genes that may be controlling the levels of its expression in both normal cells as well as in cancer cells has not been fully explored. The most common genetically mutated pathways in human malignancies are the p53 tumor suppressor pathway and the RB/E2F pathway. Both of these pathways, when intact, provide essential checkpoints in the maintenance of normal cell growth and protect the cell from DNA damage. Using non-transformed embryonic fibroblasts, we provide evidence of a molecular link between the regulation of survivin transcription and the RB/E2F family of proteins. We demonstrate that both pRB and p130 can interact with the survivin promoter and can repress survivin transcription. We also show that the E2F activators (E2F1, E2F2, and E2F3) can bind to the survivin promoter and induce survivin transcription. Genetically modified cells that harbor deletions in various members of the RB/E2F family confirm our data from the wild-type cells. Our findings implicate several members of the RB/E2F pathway in an intricate mechanism of survivin gene regulation that, when genetically altered during the process of tumorigenesis, may function within cancer cells to aberrantly alter survivin levels and enhance tumor progression.
A Therapeutic Antibody against West Nile Virus Neutralizes Infection by Blocking Fusion within Endosomes (2009)

Defining the precise cellular mechanisms of neutralization by potently inhibitory antibodies is important for understanding how the immune system successfully limits viral infections. We recently described a potently inhibitory monoclonal antibody (MAb E16) against the envelope (E) protein of West Nile virus (WNV) that neutralizes infection even after virus has spread to the central nervous system. Herein, we define its mechanism of inhibition. E16 blocks infection primarily at a post-attachment step as antibody-opsonized WNV enters permissive cells but cannot escape from endocytic compartments. These cellular experiments suggest that E16 blocks the acid-catalyzed fusion step that is required for nucleocapsid entry into the cytoplasm. Indeed, E16 directly inhibits fusion of WNV with liposomes. Additionally, low-pH exposure of E16-WNV complexes in the absence of target membranes did not fully inactivate infectious virus, further suggesting that E16 prevents a structural transition required for fusion. Thus, a strongly neutralizing anti-WNV MAb with therapeutic potential is potently inhibitory because it blocks viral fusion and thereby promotes clearance by delivering virus to the lysosome for destruction.
Selection of reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR studies in striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) skin biopsies. (2006)

In this work, we have provided essential background information for the selection of control genes in qRT-PCR studies of cetacean skin biopsies, as a molecular technique to investigate ecotoxicological hazard in marine mammals. Of 10 HKGs tested, those encoding for YWHAZ and GAPDH appear as the most reliable control genes for the normalization of qRT-PCR data in the analysis of striped dolphin skin biopsies. Potentially useful reference genes are also those encoding for ribosomal proteins L4 and S18.
A Survey on Contextual Embeddings (2020)

Contextual embeddings, such as ELMo and BERT, move beyond global word representations like Word2Vec and achieve ground-breaking performance on a wide range of natural language processing tasks. Contextual embeddings assign each word a representation based on its context, thereby capturing uses of words across varied contexts and encoding knowledge that transfers across languages. In this survey, we review existing contextual embedding models, cross-lingual polyglot pre-training, the application of contextual embeddings in downstream tasks, model compression, and model analyses.
Structural pathology in a rodent model of osteoarthritis is associated with neuropathic pain: Increased expression of ATF-3 and pharmacological characterisation (2007)

Intra-articular injection of mono-iodoacetate (MIA) in the rat knee joint induces a histopathology with similarities to osteoarthritis (OA). Typically, a synovitis (days 1-3) is observed followed by thinning of articular cartilage and subsequent lesion of subchondral bone at days 8-14 onwards. Behaviourally, weight-bearing asymmetry is observed, which is sensitive to anti-inflammatory pharmacology at early but not later (days 14+) time points. As subchondral bone is densely innervated, an intriguing possibility is that focal bone pathology may cause neuropathy in this model. In male Wistar rats, activating transcription factor (ATF)-3-immunofluorescence was used as a marker of nerve injury in lumber (L)4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia of the ipsilateral knee. Significantly increased ATF-3-immunoreactivity following MIA treatment was measured in L5 on days 8 and 14 (P<0.05, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test), compared to saline controls. Furthermore, in an additional study animals were orally dosed vehicle (5 ml/kg), naproxen (0.3-10 mg/kg), celecoxib (1-10 mg/kg), amitriptyline (3-30 mg/kg) and gabapentin (10-100mg/kg) and evaluated for weight-bearing asymmetry on days 14, 21 and 28 post-MIA. Significant resolution of weight-bearing was observed at high and intermediate doses of amitriptyline and gabapentin at all time points (P<0.05, ANOVA, post-hoc Bonferroni's, vs pre-dose measurements). Transient and weak effects were observed with naproxen (10mg/kg) on days 14 and 28, whereas celecoxib showed no significant effects. Collectively, these data suggest that this putative model of OA is associated with an early phase neuropathy in the L5 innervation territory of the knee.
Cisplatin Enhances the Formation of DNA Single- and Double-Strand Breaks by Hydrated Electrons and Hydroxyl Radicals (2013)

The synergistic interaction of cisplatin with ionizing radiation is the clinical rationale for the treatment of several cancers including head and neck, cervical and lung cancer. The underlying molecular mechanism of the synergy has not yet been identified, although both DNA damage and repair processes are likely involved. Here, we investigate the indirect effect of γ rays on strand break formation in a supercoiled plasmid DNA (pGEM-3Zf-) covalently modified by cisplatin. The yields of single- and double-strand breaks were determined by irradiation of DNA and cisplatin/DNA samples with (60)Co γ rays under four different scavenging conditions to examine the involvement of hydrated electrons and hydroxyl radicals in inducing the DNA damage. At 5 mM tris in an N2 atmosphere, the presence of an average of two cisplatins per plasmid increased the yields of single- and double-strand breaks by factors of 1.9 and 2.2, respectively, relative to the irradiated unmodified DNA samples. Given that each plasmid of 3,200 base pairs contained an average of two cisplatins, this represents an increase in radiosensitivity of 3,200-fold on a per base pair basis. When hydrated electrons were scavenged by saturating the samples with N2O, these enhancement factors decreased to 1.5 and 1.2, respectively, for single- and double-strand breaks. When hydroxyl radicals were scavenged using 200 mM tris, the respective enhancement factors were 1.2 and 1.6 for single- and double-strand breaks, respectively. Furthermore, no enhancement in DNA damage by cisplatin was observed after scavenging both hydroxyl radicals and hydrated electrons. These findings show that hydrated electrons can induce both single- and double-strand breaks in the platinated DNA, but not in unmodified DNA. In addition, cisplatin modification is clearly an extremely efficient means of increasing the formation of both single- and double-strand breaks by the hydrated electrons and hydroxyl radicals created by ionizing radiation.
Study on amino acids by using a thermobalance (1960)

アミノ酸類の乾燥温度を検討する目的で蛋白性アミノ酸ならびにその化合物およびベタインなど21種類を精製し,改良型東工試式熱天秤を使用,白金線片を試料中に混在せしめて試料温度分布の均一化をはかり,それらの熱分解経過が階段的に一定の機構に沿うことを明らかにした.この実験によればアミノ酸類の分解温度は文献報告値よりも低い傾向にあった.また,L-リジン塩酸塩・二水加物,L-グルタミン酸ナトリウム塩・一水加物,L-ヒスチジン塩酸塩・一水加物の結晶水放散温度は一定であった.
Review: methodologies for transferring DNA into eukaryotic microalgae (2006)

Agitation with glass beads, electroporation and microparticle bombardment are all used to transfer exogenous genes into unicellular eukaryotic algae (microalgae). For nuclear transformation most researchers use glass beads techniques or, to a lesser extent, electroporation, while for chloroplast transformation bombardment is often used. Glass bead agitation and electroporation require the removal of the cell wall while bombardment can be performed with intact microalgae. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been the microalga most commonly transformed, but success has also been reported with Volvox carteri, Chlorella spp.;Dunaliella salina, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena gracilis, diatoms (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Navicula saprophila, Cyclotella cryptica and Thalassiosira weissflogii), dinoflagellates (Amphidinium klebsii and Symbiodinium microadriaticum) and red algae (Porphyridium spp and Cyanidioschyzon merolae). The first C. reinhardtii transformants produced by making use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens have also been reported. A comparison of the above methods might help provide the information necessary to successfully transform further microalgal species.
Acoustic performance of a large-aperture, seabed, fiber-optic hydrophone array (2004)

A large-aperture, seabed mounted, fiber-optic hydrophone array has been constructed and characterized. The system is designed for use as a large area surveillance array for deployment in shallow water regions. The underwater portion comprises two arrays of 48 hydrophones separated by a 3 km fiber-optic link, which are connected to a shore station by 40 km of single-mode optical fiber. The hydrophone is based on a fiber-optic Michelson interferometer and the acoustic transduction mechanism is a fiber-wrapped mandrel design. No electrical power is required in the underwater portion. The performance of the system is described, characterized during laboratory measurements and during a recent sea trial. Specifically, measurements of the acoustic resolution, array shape, beam patterns, array gain, and target tracking capability of this array. The system demonstrates self-noise levels up to 20 dB (typically 10 dB) lower than the ambient acoustic noise experienced in the sea trial and array gains close to the theoretical maximum. The system telemetry and electronics have been designed to be expandable to accommodate several hundred hydrophones.
Reaction of organic anions. 166. Sigmatropic rearrangements of ammonium benzylides: new preparative and mechanistic aspects (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of organic anions. 166. Sigmatropic rearrangements of ammonium benzylides: new preparative and mechanistic aspectsAndrzej Jonczyk and Dariusz LipiakCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 24, 6933–6937Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00024a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00024a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views493Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Coherent Measures of Risk (1999)

In this paper we study both market risks and nonmarket risks, without complete markets assumption, and discuss methods of measurement of these risks. We present and justify a set of four desirable properties for measures of risk, and call the measures satisfying these properties “coherent.” We examine the measures of risk provided and the related actions required by SPAN, by the SEC/NASD rules, and by quantile‐based methods. We demonstrate the universality of scenario‐based methods for providing coherent measures. We offer suggestions concerning the SEC method. We also suggest a method to repair the failure of subadditivity of quantile‐based methods.
High confidence personal identification by rapid video analysis of iris texture (2003)

The concept of using the iris of the eye as a kind of optical fingerprint for personal identification is discussed. By isolating and encoding the visible texture of the iris from a video image into a multiscale sequence of quadrature 2D Gabor coefficients, a 256-byte iris code has been developed that uniquely identifies any individual, with astronomic confidence levels. Following image analysis, the critical problem of pattern recognition is transformed essentially into a statistical test of independence on the real and imaginary parts of the complex 2D Gabor coefficients. Statistical decision theory permits rigorous execution of identification decisions from comparisons of iris codes, at the rate of 4000 per second, including computation of the confidence associated with each identification decision. Such a recognition system has been developed using a conventional zoom videocamera. In tests to date, the system has never failed to identify any enrolled individual correctly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>