gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Properties of SiO Antireflection Coatings for GaAs Injection Lasers with External Resonators (1971)

Improved techniques for the preparation of single-layer SiO antireflective coatings are discussed in detail. We infer from our results that the reflectivity of diode end surfaces is reduced to below 1% over a broad wavelength band using lambda/4 coatings. The use of lambda/4 rather than 3lambda/4 coatings minimizes losses in the coatings and maximizes the bandwidth over which the coating provides low reflectivity. The suppression of internal mode structure in external cavity GaAs laser spectra by the use of antireflection coatings is demonstrated for the first time. Coating degradation was not a serious problem in room temperature external cavity laser operation.
Mass Spectrometry–Based Proteomics and Network Biology (2012)

In the life sciences, a new paradigm is emerging that places networks of interacting molecules between genotype and phenotype. These networks are dynamically modulated by a multitude of factors, and the properties emerging from the network as a whole determine observable phenotypes. This paradigm is usually referred to as systems biology, network biology, or integrative biology. Mass spectrometry (MS)–based proteomics is a central life science technology that has realized great progress toward the identification, quantification, and characterization of the proteins that constitute a proteome. Here, we review how MS-based proteomics has been applied to network biology to identify the nodes and edges of biological networks, to detect and quantify perturbation-induced network changes, and to correlate dynamic network rewiring with the cellular phenotype. We discuss future directions for MS-based proteomics within the network biology paradigm.
Molecular simulation of separation of CO<sub>2</sub> from flue gases in CU‐BTC metal‐organic framework (2007)

Abstract In this work, a computational study was performed on the adsorption separation of CO 2 from flue gases (mixtures of CO 2 /N 2 /O 2 ) in Cu‐BTC metal‐organic framework (MOF) to investigate the applicability of MOFs to this important industrial system. The computational results showed that Cu‐BTC is a promising material for separation of CO 2 from flue gases, and the macroscopic separation behaviors of the MOF were elucidated at a molecular level to give insight into the underlying mechanisms. The present work not only provided useful information for understanding the separation characteristics of MOFs, but also showed their potential applications in chemical industry. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Compositional Similarities between the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Surface Antigens of Pathogens (1996)

The genome of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is rich in A but not U and deficient in C but not G. This asymmetric nucleotide bias is the major factor in determining the unusual composition of HIV proteins. In this report, we have identified the cellular genes in the GenBank database that are compositionally similar to HIV in order to further understand the significance of the nucleotide bias of the viral genome. A total of 101 genes in the bacterial and invertebrate subdivisions of the database were found to have a base composition that is similar to the composition of the HIV genome. The identified cellular sequences represent a discrete subset of the database since 81 of the 101 entries code for antigens from pathogens and nearly all of these organisms infect humans. The amino acid compositions of these surface antigens are also similar to the unusual composition of HIV proteins, which are deficient in proline and rich in lysine and other polar residues encoded by A-rich codons. The similarities between the HIV proteins and the immunodominant antigens from other pathogens may indicate a common pathogenic strategy for the promotion of immune dysregulation.
Towards a model of loudness recalibration (2002)

The Zwicker (1977, 1990) loudness model is a standard for predicting the loudness of a sound. This model, along with Moore and Glasberg's (see Acustica, vol.82, p.335-45, 1996) revision of it, is fairly accurate at predicting the loudness of steady-state sounds, but falls short for many types of temporally varying sounds. One temporal effect not accounted for in the Zwicker model is loudness recalibration. Loudness recalibration is a fatigue-like effect that makes a quiet tone at one frequency even quieter when it is preceded by a louder tone at the same frequency. The evidence suggests that loudness recalibration occurs in the central nervous system. Two means of modeling loudness recalibration are proposed. The first is an algorithmic description of the recalibration effect that could be added to the later stages of the Zwicker model. The other method uses a neural network and is based on a spike-train timing theory of hearing rather than a rate-place theory as assumed by the Zwicker model. This spike-train timing approach is unique in that spike-train averaging is postponed until a final loudness estimate is made. A more complete and accurate model of loudness recalibration will have to wait until more experimental data is collected.
Influence of Pulse Signal Spike and Liquid Characteristics on Performance of Uniform-Droplet Generator (1992)

The performance of a pulsed-chamber, uniform-droplet generator was enhanced through the development of a digital pulse generator system. A trapezoidal pulse signal, variable in terms of peak voltage, rise time, dwell time, and fall time, actuated a piezoelectric disk to force droplets through a precision orifice. Variable pulse control enabled precise delivery of either paraffinic oil or water droplets. The effects of each pulse variable on droplet size and velocity were examined using a phase-Doppler particle analyzer and a photographic technique. Droplet size increased with increased voltage, rise time, dwell time, fall time, and integrated area under the pulse curve. Air bubbles in the chamber did not prevent droplet delivery, except for certain combinations of bubble size and location. Dwell time was statistically the most important variable affecting oil droplet size and delivery. Liquid reservoir height was most important for water. Increased pulse voltage tended to increase droplet size and velocity because of increased impulse and momentum.
Improving accessibility of the web with a computer game (2006)

Images on the Web present a major accessibility issue for the visually impaired, mainly because the majority of them do not have proper captions. This paper addresses the problem of attaching proper explanatory text descriptions to arbitrary images on the Web. To this end, we introduce Phetch, an enjoyable computer game that collects explanatory descriptions of images. People play the game because it is fun, and as a side effect of game play we collect valuable information. Given any image from the World Wide Web, Phetch can output a correct annotation for it. The collected data can be applied towards significantly improving Web accessibility. In addition to improving accessibility, Phetch is an example of a new class of games that provide entertainment in exchange for human processing power. In essence, we solve a typical computer vision problem with HCI tools alone.
Les États-Unis vus d'Iran (2014)

Malgré la rhétorique du « Grand Satan », l’image de la culture occidentale en Iran est moins négative qu’on le dit trop souvent. Il y a intérêt à connaître l’histoire de ce pays pour éviter la diabolisation et comprendre quels peuvent être les éléments d’ouverture bien présents dans la société.
Untersuchungen über Stilbene. IX. Mitteil.: Halbleitereigenschaften von Stilbenderivaten (1956)

Article Untersuchungen über Stilbene. IX. Mitteil.: Halbleitereigenschaften von Stilbenderivaten was published on November 1, 1956 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 206O, issue 1).
Characterization of the Major Protease Involved in the Soybean β-Conglycinin Storage Protein Mobilization (1992)

Protease C1, the protease responsible for the initial degradation of the alpha' and alpha subunits of the soybean beta-conglycinin storage protein (Glycine max [L.] Merrill), has been purified. The enzyme was found by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to have a molecular weight of 70,000 and a pH optimum of 3.5 to 4.5. Susceptibility to protease inhibitors indicates that protease C1 is a serine protease. Study of the proteolytic intermediates generated suggests that the cleavage of the alpha' and alpha subunits of beta-conglycinin by protease C1 results in intermediates that are 1 or 2 kilodaltons smaller than the native alpha' and alpha subunits. Following that, a succession of intermediates exhibiting molecular masses of 70.0 and 58.0 kilodaltons, then 63.0, 61.0, 55.0, and 53.5 kilodaltons, are observed. A 50.0- and a 48.0- kilodalton intermediate are the final products of protease C1 action. Comparison of these intermediates with the prominent anti-beta-conglycinin cross-reacting bands that increase during the first few days of germination and early growth show that protease C1 plays an important physiological role, but not an exclusive one, in the living plant.
<i>Mariner</i> transposition and transformation of the yellow fever mosquito, <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (1998)

The mariner transposable element is capable of interplasmid transposition in the embryonic soma of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. To determine if this demonstrated mobility could be utilized to genetically transform the mosquito, a modified mariner element marked with a wild-type allele of the Drosophila melanogaster cinnabar gene was microinjected into embryos of a kynurenine hydroxylase-deficient, white-eyed recipient strain. Three of 69 fertile male founders resulting from the microinjected embryos produced families with colored-eyed progeny individuals, a transformation rate of 4%. The transgene-mediated complementation of eye color was observed to segregate in a Mendelian manner, although one insertion segregates with the recessive allele (female-determining) of the sex-determining locus, and a separate insertion is homozygous lethal. Molecular analysis of selected transformed families demonstrated that a single complete copy of the construct had integrated independently in each case and that it had done so in a transposase-mediated manner. The availability of a mariner transformation system greatly enhances our ability to study and manipulate this important vector species.
A Novel Method of Evaluating Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: Dynamic Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Compared to Standard Modalities to Assess Urinary Obstruction in a Swine Model (2012)

Near infrared imaging offers a feasible way to obtain live, dynamic images of urine flow and ureteral peristalsis. Qualitative and quantitative parameters were comparable to those of conventional imaging. Findings support fluorescence imaging as an accurate, easy to use method of diagnosing ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
Some solutions to the problems in fine particle flotation (2005)

The difficulty in fine particle flotation has been attributed, among other things, to a low bubble-particle collision efficiency. Many technologies have been developed which aim at increasing bubble-particle collision efficiency, either by generating micro bubbles or by enlarging particle sizes. However, commercial applications of these technologies are limited. Over the last five years COREM has been actively testing fine particle froth flotation technologies with the objective of commercialisation. Several fine particle flotation technologies, such as dissolved air flotation, electro-flotation, floe flotation, selective flocculation-flotation and carrier flotation, were tested on both single minerals and ore samples in order to identify the reasons that prevented these technologies from being used on a commercial scale. It was found that the two most noticeable factors that prevented the successful application of these technologies were: 1. Mechanical entrainment of fine gangue minerals. This was a general problem in fine particle flotation, but was aggravated by these technologies that either generated micro bubbles or enlarged the sizes of hydrophobic particles. 2. Oxidation of (sulfide) minerals that resulted in hydrophilic oxidation product coatings. The oxidised fine particles could not be recovered by these fine particle flotation technologies effectively. Solutions to the two problems, ie gangue entrainment and fine particle oxidation, were proposed and tested. It seems that polymeric depressants with both depression and flocculation functions could significantly reduce gangue entrainment, and hydrophilic surfaces of oxidised fine particles could be modified by high intensity conditioning or controlled sulfidisation, thus increasing the recoveries of fine valuable minerals. The improved fine valuable particle flotation and reduced fine gangue entrainment along with fine particle flotation technologies resulted in much improved flotation separation of fine particles.
<title>Medical facial surface scanner</title> (1992)

Optical, non-contact three-dimensional range surface digitizers are employed in the 360-degree examination of object surfaces, especially the heads and faces of individuals. The resultant 3- D surface data is suitable for computer graphics display and manipulation, for numerically controlled object replications, or for further processing such as surface measurement extraction. We employed a scanner with a basic active sensor element consisting of a synchronized pattern projector employing flashtubes that illuminate a surface, with a CID camera to detect, digitize, and transmit the sequence of 24 images (per camera) to a digital image processor for surface triangulation, calibration, and fusion into a single surface description of the headform. A major feature of this unit is its use of multiple (typically 6) stationary active sensor elements, with efficient calibration algorithms that achieve nearly seamless superposition of overlapping surface segments seen by individual cameras. The result is accurate and complete coverage of complex contoured surfaces. Application of this system to digitization of the human head in the planning and evaluation of facial plastic surgery is presented.
Altenusin, a biphenyl isolated from the endophytic fungus<i>Alternaria</i>sp., inhibits trypanothione reductase from<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> (2008)

Parasitic protozoan species belonging to the genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania are the etiological agents of several diseases in tropical areas of the world, for which there is an urgent need for effective and affordable treatment. In this regard, we are screening the Brazilian biodiversity, especially its flora and mycota, for natural products that could serve as leads for drug development against these diseases. Trypanothione reductase (TR) is an enzyme involved in the protection of Trypanosoma and Leishmania species against oxidative stress, and is considered to be a validated drug target. The endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. (UFMGCB55) was isolated from the plant Trixis vauthieri DC (Asteraceae), known to contain trypanocidal compounds. The organic extract of the culture of Alternaria sp. was able to inhibit TR by 99%, when tested at 20 microg mL(-1). Fractionation of the extract identified altenusin, a biphenyl derivative with an IC50 value of 4.3+/-0.3 microM in the TR assay. This compound is the first in its class to have shown TR inhibitory activity, opening new perspectives for the design of more effective derivatives that could serve as drug leads for new chemotherapeutic agents to treat trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.
Demodex folliculorum (1988)

The author reports on Demodex folliculorum ("hair follicle mite"), a frequent and widespread parasite. These mites are found in hair follicles of eyelashes in particular. In ophthalmology they are responsible for chronic eczematous blepharitis ("blepharitis acarica") with trichiasis and madarosis. Therapy is unsatisfactory. The author has now discovered that isoptocarbachol 3% eyedrops successfully combat Demodex folliculorum. The solution was first tested experimentally on house flies (Musca domestica) and was later used to treat patients affected with the parasite: a cotton bud impregnated with this parasympathomimetic (anticholinesterase) drug was applied to the border of the eyelids several times.
NEW MATRIX RESINS FOR GLASS POLYALKENOATES OR GLASS-IONOMERS WITH PENDANT AMINO ACID RESIDUES (1999)

The monomers N-acryloyl (AGA) and N-methacryloylglutamic acid (MGA) have been prepared and copolymerized with acrylic acid (AA) and itaconic acid (IA) to make polyelectrolytes for evaluation in glass polyalkenoates or glass-ionomers. It was shown that poly(AA-co-IA-co-AGA) and poly(AA-co-IA-co-MGA), having a monomers ratio, respectively, of 7:3:3 could be formulated with glass powders used in Fuji II (GC America), α-Silver (DMG-Hamburg), α-Fil (DMG-Hamburg) and Ketac-Molar (ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) to produce conventional glass-ionomers with improved compressive strength (CS), flexural strength (FS) and fracture toughness (FT), compared to Fuji II, α-Silver, α-Fil and Ketac-Molar controls. Since MGA is much easier to produce in high yields than AGA, it was important to show that MGA could be used as well as AGA to produce new matrix resins for glass-ionomers. Furthermore, we demonstrated that both the 7:3:3 AGA and MGA copolymers could be reacted with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM) to produce intermediates useful for formulating visible light-curable (VLC) glass-ionomers with improved CS, FS and FT, compared to two com-mercial VLC materials Fuji IITM LC and VitremerTM Tricure. Here again, it was found that MGA could be used as well as AGA to prepare improved materials. We also demonstrated that poly(AA-co-MGA) could be used to formulate glass-ionomers with improved properties. Further, we demonstrated that small amounts of MGA could be used as a reactive diluent in VLC formulations such as Fuji IITM LC, VitremerTM Tricure, and an experimental VLC formulation to improve their mechanical properties, adhesion to tooth structure, and fluoride release.
In-vivo selection of an azole-resistant petite mutant of Candida glabrata (2000)

Two isolates of Candida glabrata from the same stool sample from a bone marrow transplant recipient treated with fluconazole, and designated 1084-L for large colonies on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose-agar and 1084-S for small colonies, were analysed. In-vitro susceptibility tests with a commercially available disk diffusion procedure showed that isolate 1084-L had a susceptibility pattern typical of wild-type strains of C. glabrata with sensitivity to polyenes and the presence of resistant colonies randomly distributed within the inhibition zones for all azole compounds except tioconazole. In contrast, isolate 1084-S, which was found by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and random amplification of polymorphic DNA to be genetically closely related to isolate 1084-L, exhibited cross-resistance to the azole compounds except tioconazole. Determination of MICs by the E-test method confirmed these results, showing that isolate 1084-S had greater sensitivity to amphotericin B and complete resistance to ketoconazole and fluconazole. Growth on agar plates containing glucose or glycerol as the sole carbon source suggested that the resistant isolate had a respiratory deficiency, which was further demonstrated by flow cytometric analysis of the fluorescence of rhodamine 123-stained blastoconidia. Restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) established the mitochondrial origin of the respiratory deficiency. However, PCR amplification of the mtDNA with primers ML1 and ML6, as well as transmission electron microscopy, suggested a partial deletion of the mtDNA analogous to that described for rho- petite mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Together, these results provided evidence that the selection of azole-resistant petite mutants of C. glabrata may occur in vivo after fluconazole administration, which might explain, therefore, clinical failure of antifungal therapy.
Modal Experiment on Structural Condition Monitoring Using Cumulative Harmonic Analysis (2012)

This paper describes a cumulative harmonic analysis (CHA) that replaces the stepwise time window function of Berman and Fincham's cumulative spectral analysis with a spectral accumulation function, thereby enabling a new structural health monitoring method. CHA estimates and visualizes system damping conditions without the need of transient-vibration records. The damping conditions are closely related to the spectral distribution around the dominant spectral peaks due to structural resonance. This type of spectral distribution can be visualized with CHA even within a short interval of random vibration samples. The effect of CHA on monitoring the damping conditions was reported by the authors in a previous study. In the current study, the authors confirmed the usefulness of CHA for structural condition monitoring by conducting scale-model experiments.
Auswertung der Daten (1969)

Die Auswertungsmethode übt entscheidenden Einfluß auf die Qualität der Unternehmensanalyse aus. Die von den Aktiengesellschaften publizierten Jahresabschlüsse differieren in ihrer Aufgliederung und Darstellung je nach Industriegruppe und Unternehmensgröße. Zur Sicherstellung der Vergleichbarkeit sind die Bilanzen und Gewinn- und Verlustrechnungen nach einem einheitlichen Schema aufzubereiten1.
Functional Effects of Neuropeptide Y Receptors on Blood Flow and Nitric Oxide Levels in the Human Nose (1999)

The aim of this study was to examine dose-dependent effects of intranasal application of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on nasal mucosal blood flow, blood content, and intranasal nitric oxide (NO) concentration. Blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and blood content by rhinomanometry. Mucosal biopsies were taken for investigation of Y1 and Y2 receptor mRNA expression, using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Intranasal application of NPY evoked a dose-dependent reduction of nasal mucosal blood flow. Maximal vasoconstriction, seen at 12 nmol, was -37.5 +/- 6.2%, p < 0.05 (n = 9). The vasoconstrictive effect developed within 2 to 4 min and lasted > 17 min. NPY evoked a dose-dependent reduction of nasal airway resistance (NAR) on the ipsilateral side. Maximal decrease was -24.0 +/- 10.0% at 12 nmol, p < 0.05 (n = 9). There was a decrease in nasal NO production on the ipsilateral side after application of NPY 12 nmol (-7.4 +/- 1.2%, p < 0.05, n = 8). RT-PCR products corresponding to Y1 receptor but not Y2 receptor mRNA were obtained from biopsies of the nasal mucosa. In conclusion, NPY is a potent vasoconstrictor in the human nose reducing mucosal blood flow, as well as the blood content. The effect is probably mediated via Y1 receptors. NPY receptor agonists may prove beneficial in the treatment of the congested nose in allergic or vasomotor rhinitis.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>CaCrO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>: An Anomalous Antiferromagnetic Metallic Oxide (2008)

Combining infrared reflectivity, transport, susceptibility, and several diffraction techniques, we find compelling evidence that CaCrO3 is a rare case of a metallic and antiferromagnetic transition-metal oxide with a three-dimensional electronic structure. Local spin density approximation calculations correctly describe the metallic behavior as well as the anisotropic magnetic ordering pattern of C type: The high Cr valence state induces via sizable pd hybridization remarkably strong next-nearest-neighbor interactions stabilizing this ordering. The subtle balance of magnetic interactions gives rise to magnetoelastic coupling, explaining pronounced structural anomalies observed at the magnetic ordering transition.