gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability of Calcium from Milk-Based Formulas and Fruit Juices Containing Milk and Cereals Estimated by in Vitro Methods (Solubility, Dialyzability, and Uptake and Transport by Caco-2 Cells) (2005)

An adequate calcium intake during the first years of life is needed for normal growth and development and to prevent rickets. The bioavailability of calcium from infant foods (milk-based formulas and fruit juices containing milk and cereals, FMC), the dietary sources of calcium in these stages of life, has been estimated on the basis of simulated gastrointestinal digestion and calcium solubility and dialyzability values and on the efficiency of transport and uptake by Caco-2 cells. The ranking of samples according to calcium bioavailability depends on the use of solubility or dialyzability as criterion. On the basis of the former, the highest value corresponded to adapted formulas and the lowest to fruit juices. However, when using percentage dialysis, the highest value corresponded to fruit juices and the lowest to follow-up formulas. The highest percentages of transport efficiency and uptake by Caco-2 cells corresponded to calcium from the analyzed fruit juices, followed by toddler, follow-up, and adapted formulas.
Isolation of an antibiotic multiresistance plasmid from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1981)

We have described a Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmid, an isolate from pus, which carries resistance to several antibiotics [carbenicillin (Cb), streptomycin (Sm), spectinomycin (Sp), neomycin (Nm), paromomycin (Pm), lividomycin (Lv), ribostamycin (Rm), kanamycin (Km), gentamicin (Gm), sissomicin (Ss), chloramphenicol (Cm), tetracycline (Tc), sulphonamide (Su) and mercury]. This plasmid, named pYMBI, is transferable to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a transfer frequency between 10−5 to 10−7 (recipient strains PA01670, PA08) and also to Escherichia coli (J5 strain). This last strain when stored for several weeks at +4°C, lost Sm, Sp, Gm and Ss resistance. Cure of the recipient was obtained with sub-inhibition concentrations of ethidium bromide, resistance to carbenicillin and most aminoglycosides being lost. Incompatibility studies with RPI Cb3 plasmid show that this plasmid belongs to the Pl group. The β-lactamase enzyme, conferring carbenicillin resistance had a substrate profile (Vmax penicillin 100, carbenicillin 3, ampicillin 105, cephaloridine 180) and an isoelectric point (electrofocusing in polyacrylamide gel 5%, ampholine 24%) similar to that of RPI-β-lactamase (TEM 2 enzyme). The plasmid was isolated, having obtained a clear lysate, by denaturation of DNA in an alkaline medium and subsequent chromatography on a Sepharose 4B-nitrocellulose column. Electron microscopy after AU/Pd shadowing showed a circular DNA molecule of 25 (±0·5) μm length (molecular weight approximately 52 × 106 daltons). In conclusion, our isolation of a multi-resistance plasmid and demonstration of its stability in different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, shows the extent of diffusion of these types of polyresistance plasmids within this species and their relative instability in a different genus (E. coil). The presence of Pl plasmids (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i.e. P plasmids E. coli) seems frequent in human Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As well it is known that a gene for a broadly spreading TEM 2 β-lactamase in Enterobacteriaceae may be acquired by transposition.
Simultaneous multispectral reflectance imaging and laser speckle flowmetry of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in focal cerebral ischemia (2008)

Real-time investigation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), and oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentration (HbO, HbR) dynamics has been difficult until recently due to limited spatial and temporal resolution of techniques like laser Doppler flowmetry and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The combination of laser speckle flowmetry (LSF) and multispectral reflectance imaging (MSRI) yields high-resolution spatiotemporal maps of hemodynamic and metabolic changes in response to functional cortical activation. During acute focal cerebral ischemia, changes in HbO and HbR are much larger than in functional activation, resulting in the failure of the Beer-Lambert approximation to yield accurate results. We describe the use of simultaneous LSF and MSRI, using a nonlinear Monte Carlo fitting technique, to record rapid changes in CBF, HbO, HbR, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO(2)) during acute focal cerebral ischemia induced by distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) and reperfusion. This technique captures CBF and CMRO(2) changes during hemodynamic and metabolic events with high temporal and spatial resolution through the intact skull and demonstrates the utility of simultaneous LSF and MSRI in mouse models of cerebrovascular disease.
Scalable Format and Tools to Extend the Possibilities of Cinema Audio (2012)

Surround sound has been making cinematic storytelling more compelling and immersive for more than 30 years. The first widely deployed surround systems used magnetic recording. Later, optical recording became standard, enabling up to 7.1 channels of audio. With the transition from film to digital distribution, there is an opportunity for the next generational step forward. This paper describes a new surround sound format that dramatically advances the capabilities of cinema sound. The format was developed in close cooperation with industry stakeholders and was specifically designed to provide the most desired new capabilities and provide a path for future enhancements, while respecting and leveraging the strengths and know-how of the current sound format and pipeline. In particular, the new system maintains and advances the ability to deliver impeccable audio quality and flexibly extends the creative possibilities to meet the needs and aspirations of both content creators and exhibitors.
Pulsed Laser Kerr System Polarimeter for Electro-Optical Fringe Pattern Measurement of Transient Electrical Parameters (1972)

Novel electro-optical fringe pattern methods are developed for measurement of transient high voltages and electric fields. Several techniques employing the Kerr effect, a pulsed laser source, and high speed photographic recording equipment are described. Typical fringe pattern results are compared with conventional resistive divider measurements.
Resurrection and Radical Faith (1973)

In The Historian and the Believer Van Harvey advances the opinion that belief in the resurrection of Jesus is not necessary for radical faith in God. He supports this idea by trying to establish two things: that radical faith has no clear relation to any remote historical event, and that the idea of a resurrection of Jesus is either incredible (if it is supposed to be an historical event) or meaningless (if it is supposed to be an event that transcends history). I want to argue that these last two contentions are false, and that in certain quite ordinary circumstances—such as one's believing that Jesus was the decisive revelation of God's grace—belief in the resurrection of Jesus is necessary for radical faith in God, unless the concept of God is altered substantially.
A 30 GHz 90-nm CMOS Passive Subharmonic Mixer with 15 GHz Differential LO (2008)

A new passive subharmonic mixer topology is presented and compared to a previously published passive topology. The comparison is conducted using simulations at 30 GHz with a 90-nm CMOS design kit. The advantage of the new passive subharmonic mixer is that it only requires a differential local oscillator (LO) signal, compared to the previously published mixer that requires a quadrature LO signal. The mixer consists of two cascaded passive mixers with an interstage second order filter suppressing harmonics while providing some 10 dB of voltage gain at the LO frequency. The noise performance of the differential mixer is slightly worse than for the quadrature one, with a simulated down conversion SSB NF of 10 dB compared to 7 dB. The voltage conversion gain is - 1 dB for both mixers, all with a 1 V LO amplitude.
Dynamic Asset Pricing Theory Ed. 3 (2001)

This is a thoroughly updated edition of Dynamic Asset Pricing Theory, the standard text for doctoral students and researchers on the theory of asset pricing and portfolio selection in multiperiod settings under uncertainty. The asset pricing results are based on the three increasingly restrictive assumptions: absence of arbitrage, single-agent optimality, and equilibrium. These results are unified with two key concepts, state prices and martingales. Technicalities are given relatively little emphasis, so as to draw connections between these concepts and to make plain the similarities between discrete and continuous-time models. Readers will be particularly intrigued by this latest edition's most significant new feature: a chapter on corporate securities that offers alternative approaches to the valuation of corporate debt. Also, while much of the continuous-time portion of the theory is based on Brownian motion, this third edition introduces jumps--for example, those associated with Poisson arrivals--in order to accommodate surprise events such as bond defaults. Applications include term-structure models, derivative valuation, and hedging methods. Numerical methods covered include Monte Carlo simulation and finite-difference solutions for partial differential equations. Each chapter provides extensive problem exercises and notes to the literature. A system of appendixes reviews the necessary mathematical concepts. And references have been updated throughout. With this new edition, Dynamic Asset Pricing Theory remains at the head of the field.
Laser Applications in Microelectronic and Optoelectronic Manufacturing IV (1999)

This proceedings contains papers on the following topics: Laser Nanotechnology; Fundamental Processes and Diagnostics of Laser Ablation; Ultrashort Pulse Laser Processing; Laser-induced Modification of Surface and Subsurface Properties of Materials; Innovative Laser Technology for Industrial Applications; Laser Surface Cleaning and Crystallization; Laser Microfabrication and Micromachining; Novel Methods and New Tools for Photon Processing; Pulsed Laser Deposition, Nanoclusters, Trybological and Diamond Films.
Analysis of the V(D)J Recombination Efficiency at Lymphoid Chromosomal Translocation Breakpoints (2001)

Chromosomal translocations and deletions are among the major events that initiate neoplasia. For lymphoid chromosomal translocations, misrecognition by the RAG (recombination activating gene) complex of V(D)J recombination is one contributing factor that has long been proposed. The chromosomal translocations involving LMO2 (t(11;14)(p13;q11)), Ttg-1 (t(11;14)(p15;q11)), and Hox11 (t(10;14)(q24;q11)) are among the clearest examples in which it appears that a D or J segment has synapsed with an adventitious heptamer/nonamer at a gene outside of one of the antigen receptor loci. The interstitial deletion at 1p32 involving SIL (SCL-interrupting locus)/SCL (stem cell leukemia) is a case involving two non-V(D)J sites that have been suggested to be V(D)J recombination mistakes. Here we have used our human extrachromosomal substrate assay to formally test the hypothesis that these regions are V(D)J recombination misrecognition sites and, more importantly, to quantify their efficiency as V(D)J recombination targets within the cell. We find that the LMO2 fragile site functions as a 12-signal at an efficiency that is only 27-fold lower than that of a consensus 12-signal. The Ttg-1 site functions as a 23-signal at an efficiency 530-fold lower than that of a consensus 23-signal. Hox11 failed to undergo recombination as a 12- or 23-signal and was at least 20,000-fold less efficient than consensus signals. SIL has been predicted to function as a 12-signal and SCL as a 23-signal. However, we find that SIL actually functions as a 23-signal. These results provide a formal demonstration that certain chromosomal fragile sites can serve as RAG complex targets, and they determine whether these sites function as 12- versus 23-signals. These results quantify one of the three major factors that determine the frequency of these translocations in T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia.
Biology of a Problematic Marine Fungus, Dermocystidium sp. II. Nutrition and Respiration (1969)

SUMMARYDermocystidium sp. grows best at 19 C, at pH 7.3, and with 1–3% NaCl. Although potassium, calcium, and magnesium are needed for growth they do not replace sodium nor does zinc replace the requirement for magnesium. Glucose and mannose are optimal sources of carbon, and glutamate is best as the source of nitrogen. Bi and Bu are needed. Cells deprived of carbon sources for seven days demonstrate vigorous respiration when subsequently supplied with glucose.
Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients (2000)

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques.These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients.Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods.Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications.This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods.It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium.This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays.Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.
Egg distribution of the fruit borers Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) and C. batrochopa (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and their egg parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in macadamia trees in Malawi (1995)

Field surveys of egg populations of Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick), C. batrochopa (Meyrick) and their egg parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae Nagaraj were undertaken on macadamia trees at four orchard sites in Malawi. At three sites, significantly more Cryptophlebia eggs were laid on nuts at the bottom of the canopy. There was a decrease in the number of eggs with increasing height in the tree at all sites. Differences between the number of eggs at the middle and top of the trees were not significant at two sites. Differences in the level of oviposition at the centre and periphery of the canopy were also not significant. Although all sites showed a slight increase in percentage parasitism of Cryptophlebia eggs by T. cryptophlebiae with height in the tree, none of these increases was statistically significant. At two sites, there was a decrease in the number of viable and dead Cryptophlebia eggs with increasing height. The differences in the number of live, hatched and dead eggs at the centre and periphery of the canopy were not significant. A higher percentage parasitism did not cause reductions in the number of borer-damaged nuts, and there was a weak negative correlation between the percentage of mature nuts and the percentage of borer damage at all of the sites. These findings suggest that monitoring for pest management decisions should be concentrated at the bottom of the tree canopy.
A new representation of character shape and its use in on-line character recognition by a self organizing map (2005)

The purpose of this study is to investigate a new representation of shape and its use in handwritten on-line character recognition by a Kohonen associative memory. This representation is based on the empirical distribution of features such as tangents, and tangent differences at regularly spaced points along the character signal. Recognition is carried out by a Kohonen neural network trained using the representation. In addition to the traditional Hudidean distance, functions such as the Kullback Leibler divergence and the Hellinger distance are investigated to evaluate similarity of feature vectors because these functions provide measures of distance between distributions. We report on extensive experiments using a database of on-line Arabic characters produced without constraints by a large number of writers. Comparative results show the representation relevance and the superior performance of the scheme.
Prospective evaluation of the utility of intraoperative confocal laser endomicroscopy in patients with brain neoplasms using fluorescein sodium: experience with 74 cases (2016)

CLE with FNa provided intraoperative histological information during brain tumor removal. Specificities and sensitivities of CLE for gliomas and meningiomas were comparable to those for frozen sections. These data suggest that CLE could allow the interactive identification of tumor areas, substantially improving intraoperative decisions during the resection of brain tumors.
VIETNAMESE INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS’ BEHAVIOR IN THE STOCK MARKET: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY (2014)

Employing Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study aims to explore factors influencing investment behavior made by individual investors in Vietnamese stock market. A qualitative approach is thoroughly applied through in-depth interviewing individual investors who have experienced Vietnamese stock market. The analysis and generalization of data collected from interviews with 20 key informants show supporting evidence for the existence of four psychological factors - overconfidence; excessive optimism; psychology of risk and herd- behavior. The study, based on TPB, proposes a suitable conceptual framework to be applied in further research to explain investors’ behavior in Vietnamese stock market.
Channel Assignment and Graph Multicoloring (2002)

Co-channel interference is the most critical of all interference that occurs in cellular radio. The same channel cannot be assigned to two users that are connected to the same or to two “close” base stations. If this is the only type of interference considered, the channel assignment problem can be modeled as a graph multicoloring problem. Each base station is demanding a certain number of colors (frequencies). Two base stations are “neighbors” in graph terms if the distance between them is less than the reuse distance. Chapter 4 surveys algorithms and lower bounds for this problem.
Restricted Adipogenesis in Hypertrophic Obesity (2013)

The current global diabetes epidemic is driven by obesity. However, many obese individuals do not develop insulin resistance or the metabolic complications. Inappropriate expansion of the subcutaneous adipose cells leads to hypertrophic obesity characterized by a dysregulated adipose tissue with insulin resistance and inflammation. Here, we discuss the limited expandability of the subcutaneous adipose tissue, which, when exceeded, promotes ectopic fat accumulation and metabolic complications.

Hypertrophic obesity is associated with an inability to recruit and differentiate new subcutaneous adipose cells. This is not due to lack of precursor cells but to an inability to induce their commitment and differentiation through inactivation of canonical WNT signaling and allowing bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) to initiate commitment of precursor cells. The WNT-inducible secreted protein 2 (WISP2) links WNT and BMP4 signaling. It is highly expressed in early adipogenic precursor cells and inhibits adipogenesis through dual mechanisms; cytosolic WISP2 forms a complex with ZNF423, a transcriptional activator of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and this complex is dissociated by BMP4 allowing ZNF423 to enter the nucleus and initiate PPARγ activation. However, WISP2 is also a secreted protein that, through unclear mechanisms, directly inhibits PPARγ activation. WISP2 expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated with hypertrophic obesity, markers of ectopic fat accumulation, and degree of insulin resistance.

Thus, WISP2 is a novel secreted adipokine at the crossroad between WNT and BMP4 signaling that can play a critical role for the development of hypertrophic obesity and associated metabolic complications. Identifying the receptor and signaling pathways for WISP2 can open up new avenues for treatment.

The current global epidemic of obesity is a huge challenge to society and imposes increasing costs on the health care system because obesity is associated with several negative consequences to our health, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease, and …
Laser diagnostics of the ammonia pollutant in the atmosphere from an aircraft (1987)

A differential absorption method combined with heterodyne photodetection was used in a remote laser gas analyzer placed on board of an aircraft. A waveguide CO2 laser with alternate switching of lasing between the two nearest lines of the vibrational–rotational spectrum of CO2 was used as the light source. The gas analyzer was placed on board a helicopter and was used to localize a simulated escape of the gas from an ammonia pipeline and to estimate the amount of ammonia released as an effluent.
Biotelemetry, based on optical transmission. (1982)

Biotelemetry has developed as a reliable alternative to continuous monitoring of physiological variables under realistic circumstances of data assessment. For incorporation in clinical routine the lack of an adequate number of biotelemetry frequencies forms a severe disadvantage. This paper shows a way to circumvent the problem, namely by using infrared light as the carrier for the transmission system. Use of infrared light is limited to indoor applications, and a number of additional restrictions have to be accepted, but on the other hand infrared telemetry opens new possibilities not known to radiotelemetry, especially suited for clinical applications.