gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoluminescence and electrical characteristics of the two-dimensional electron gas in Si delta-doped GaN layers (2001)

We have studied the electrical and photoluminescence (PL) properties of a Si delta-doped GaN layer grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The Hall mobility and electron sheet concentration are 726 cm2/V s and 1.9×1012 cm−2, respectively, at 2 K. A PL peak located at 78 meV below the band gap of GaN is observed at 77 K. This PL peak is attributed to the radiative recombination between electrons in the two-dimensional quantum states and photoexcited holes in GaN, which is consistent with simulation results using a one-dimensional Poisson and Schrödinger equation solver. The peak disappears at temperatures higher than 77 K and is not observed in uniformly doped GaN layers.
Cellular effects of acute exposure to high peak power microwave systems: Morphology and toxicology (2016)

Electric fields produced by advanced pulsed microwave transmitter technology now readily exceed the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) C.95.1 peak E-field limit of 100 kV/m, highlighting a need for scientific validation of such a specific limit. Toward this goal, we exposed Jurkat Clone E-6 human lymphocyte preparations to 20 high peak power microwave (HPPM) pulses (120 ns duration) with a mean peak amplitude of 2.3 MV/m and standard deviation of 0.1 with the electric field at cells predicted to range from 0.46 to 2.7 MV/m, well in excess of current standard limit. We observed that membrane integrity and cell morphology remained unchanged 4 h after exposure and cell survival 24 h after exposure was not statistically different from sham exposure or control samples. Using flow cytometry to analyze membrane disruption and morphological changes per exposed cell, no changes were observed in HPPM-exposed samples. Current IEEE C95.1-2005 standards for pulsed radiofrequency exposure limits peak electric field to 100 kV/m for pulses shorter than 100 ms [IEEE (1995) PC95.1-Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Electric, Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields, 0 Hz to 300 GHz, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers: Piscataway, NJ, USA]. This may impose large exclusion zones that limit HPPM technology use. In this study, we offer evidence that maximum permissible exposure of 100 kV/m for peak electric field may be unnecessarily restrictive for HPPM devices. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:141-151, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Product Classification in E-Commerce using Distributional Semantics (2016)

Product classification is the task of automatically predicting a taxonomy path for a product in a predefined taxonomy hierarchy given a textual product description or title. For efficient product classification we require a suitable representation for a document (the textual description of a product) feature vector and efficient and fast algorithms for prediction. To address the above challenges, we propose a new distributional semantics representation for document vector formation. We also develop a new two-level ensemble approach utilizing (with respect to the taxonomy tree) a path-wise, node-wise and depth-wise classifiers for error reduction in the final product classification. Our experiments show the effectiveness of the distributional representation and the ensemble approach on data sets from a leading e-commerce platform and achieve better results on various evaluation metrics compared to earlier approaches.
Modular arithmetic using low order redundant bases (1997)

N-digit, radix-α bases are proposed for VLSI implementation of redundant arithmetic, mod m, where <α/sup N/> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> = ±1, <α/sup j/> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ≠±1, for 0 < j < N and m is prime. These bases simplify arithmetic overflow and are well suited to redundant arithmetic. The representations provide competitive, multiplierless T-point number theoretic transforms, mod m, where Tl N or Tl 2N.
Graphene in perovskite solar cells: device design, characterization and implementation (2016)

We review the use of graphene and graphene-derived nanomaterials in perovskite solar cells, outlining design perspectives, device characterization, and performance.
Experiment for high-assurance video conference system over the Internet (2003)

In videoconferencing systems over the Internet, audio and video data are often lost due to UDP packet losses, resulting in QoS degradation. In this paper we describe a high-assurance videoconferencing system that improves the quality of audio and video data. Two techniques were used: (1) packet loss recovery using convolutional codes, which improves the dependability of communication; and (2) Xcast, a multicast protocol that is designed for relatively small groups, reducing the bandwidth required for a multipoint conference. We added these functions to a gatekeeper (GK), a device used in conventional conference systems. Encoding/decoding and Xcast routing were then implemented as the upper layer for the UDP We investigated the effectiveness of the proposed system in experiments using an Internet simulator We also examined the functions of the system over the Internet in a multipoint conference.
Imexon and gemcitabine are synergistic against human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

5884 

Imexon (M.W. 111.1) is an iminopyrolidone aziridine which previously has shown activity against a variety of human cancer types, including multiple myeloma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Recently, mechanistic studies in MIA PaCa-2 cells have demonstrated binding to sulfhydryls, buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS), perturbations in mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to cytochrome C release, activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9, and induction of apoptosis. Since imexon binds sulfhydryls and generates ROS, it was hypothesized that imexon may augment the effects of gemcitabine in two ways: 1) promoting increased oxidative stress in oxidatively challenged cells and 2) interacting with key sulfhydryl-dependent enzymes involved in gemcitabine metabolism. The mean IC50 values for imexon and gemcitabine in four human pancreatic cancer cell lines were 54.2 ± 6.7 μM and 9.2 ± 5.6 nM, respectively. Initially, interactions between imexon:gemcitabine were assessed at a fixed ratio of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 using median effect analysis. The PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line demonstrated greater synergy at a fixed ratio of 1:1 of imexon:gemcitabine. When cells were pretreated with imexon or gemcitabine for 24 h, no significant difference was observed compared to concomitant dosing. SCID mice bearing PANC-1 cells were treated with imexon, gemcitabine, or a combination 24 h or 40 d after tumor inoculation. At day 100, the Tumor Growth Inhibition value (T/C) for combination treated mice was 24.4 % and 25.4 % for 24 h and 40 d post tumor inoculation, respectively. To better understand the molecular basis of synergy, cell lysates containing deoxcytidine deaminase (dCD) and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) were obtained from PANC-1 cells. Imexon concentrations up to 1 mM had no effect on dCD activity, whereas the thiol oxidant, chloromercuri benzoate (CMB), significantly inhibited dCD activity at concentrations ≥ 10 μM. Thus, imexon does not enhance the major inactivation route of gemcitabine. In contrast, recent experiments show that imexon may augment the biochemical pathways which mediate gemcitabine’s cytotoxic activity. Overall, these data demonstrate that imexon is uniquely synergistic with gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo and support the rationale for combining the agents in clinical trials.
INTRA-UTERINE DEVICE AND EMBRYONIC SURVIVAL IN THE RAT (1970)

The mode of action of intra-uterine devices (IUDs) has been postulated by several investigators to involve a pharmacologically active substance capable of inhibiting the uterine decidual response or of actively cytolysing the pre-implantation blastocysts (Marston & Chang, 1965; Marston & Kelly, 1969; Doyle & Margolis, 1963; Batta & Chaudhury, 1968a, b; Parr, Schaedler & Hirsch, 1967). An investigation of the effect of uterine secretions on ovarian function and embryonic survival in the rat is reported here. Rats (180 to 250 g; Holtzman Co.) were maintained as previously described (Anderson, Melampy & Chen, 1967). Daily vaginal smears were taken. Day 1 was characterized by the appearance of spermatozoa in mated animals. In the first series of experiments (Table 1), laparotomies were carried out under ether anaesthesia, using clean but not sterile technique,
Befunderstellung bei der Ganzkörperbildgebung mittels einer workflowoptimierten Befundungssoftware - Erste Erfahrungen einer Multireader-Analyse (2007)

Use of the new software can achieve a significant time savings when working with whole-body datasets with a constant quality of findings and a significant advantage with respect to convenience. As a result, the problem of evaluating examinations with thousands of images can be approached systematically.
Styrene-assisted melt free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto polypropylene (1998)

The free radical grafting reactivity of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto polypropylene (PP) in the molten state is low. This article shows that adding styrene as a second monomer (or comonomer) increases both the rate and yield of GMA grafting and reduces PP chain scission. The proposed mechanism is that when St is added to the PP/GMA/peroxide grafting system, St reacts first with PP macroradicals to form stable styryl macroradicals. These latter then react (or copolymerize) with GMA to form GMA grafted PP. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1053–1063, 1998
Activation of human complement by liposomes: serum factor requirement for alternative pathway activation. (1980)

Abstract Liposomes were shown previously to activate human C by the alternative pathway. The most active liposomes contained dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), cholesterol (CHOL), stearylamine (SA), and galactosyl ceramide. C3 conversion produced in C2-deficient serum by incubation with liposomes was affected by changes in CHOL concentration and phospholipid fatty acyl composition and required SA and a glycolipid. Antibody was not required for activation, since C3 conversion by liposomes was observed in serum lacking immunoglobulin. However, preadsorption of serum with liposomes abolished the capacity of liposomes to activate the alternative pathway without affecting activation by LPS or rabbit erythrocytes. Although a liposome-adsorbable serum factor was required for C3 conversion by liposomes, it was not sufficient for activation. Liposomes lacking glycolipid or CHOL could adsorb the serum factor but did not activate the alternative pathway. The serum factor could also be adsorbed by phosphocholine-Sepharose beads. These experiments suggested that the binding site for the serum factor on the liposomes was the phospholipid, DMPC. Studies testing the inhibition of serum factor binding by substances with structural similarity to phosphatidylcholine supported this hypothesis: binding was inhibited by phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine. Although the role of the serum factor in activation is not known, liposomes containing dimyristoyl phosphatidylethanolamine in place of DMPC no longer require adsorbable serum factors to activate the alternative pathway. These findings indicate an important role for the membrane phospholipid in the activation of the alternative pathway by liposomes.
Relationships of the Catalytic Properties of Human Plasma and Platelet Transglutaminases (Activated Blood Coagulation Factor XIII) to Their Subunit Structures (1974)

Abstract The subunit structures of the transglutaminases from human plasma and platelets have been studied by gel filtration, ultracentrifugation, and chemical cross-linking, both in the presence and absence of the catalytically essential metal ion, Ca2+. The plasma enzyme in the absence of Ca2+ is composed of four subunits and may be designated (a'2b2). This tetrameric structure is similar to that of its zymogen (a2b2), except that the a chains have been proteolytically modified by the activating enzyme, thrombin. Addition of Ca2+ causes a reversible dissociation of the plasma enzyme molecule into a catalytic dimer (a'2) and a noncatalytic dimer (b2). The platelet enzyme with or without Ca2+ exists as a catalytic dimer (a'2) derived by thrombin activation from its two-subunit zymogen (a2). Isolated b2 from plasma enzyme may be combined with platelet enzyme in the absence of Ca2+ to give a four-subunit molecule indistinguishable from the plasma enzyme. This supports earlier evidence that the catalytic chains of plasma zymogen are very similar or identical with those of platelet zymogen. Each of the plasma protransglutaminase a chains contains six —SH groups and no disulfide bonds; each of its b chains has 16 or 17 intramolecular disulfide bonds and no —SH groups. The platelet zymogen contains six —SH groups in each of its a chains. Inactivation of both the plasma and platelet enzymes by iodoacetamide occurs only in the presence of Ca2+ and is a result of selective alkylation of a single cysteine —SH group in only one of the catalytic subunits. This finding is consistent with half-of-the-site reactivity for both of the enzymes. The protransglutaminase from platelets (a2) is activated by thrombin at a significantly faster rate than the zymogen from plasma (a2b2). A proenzyme prepared by combining the isolated b chain dimer from plasma enzyme with the platelet zymogen was found to be activated by thrombin at the same rate as the plasma zymogen.
No plan survives contact: experience with cybercrime measurement (2011)

An important mode of empirical security research involves analyzing the behavior, capabilities, and motives of adversaries. By definition, such measurements cannot be conducted in controlled settings and require engagement directly with adversaries, their infrastructure or their ecosystem. However, the operational complexities required to successfully carry out such measurements are significant and rarely documented; blacklisting, payment instruments, fraud controls and contact management all represent real challenges in such studies. In this paper, we document our experiences conducting such measurements over five years (covering a range of distinct studies) and distill effective operational practices for others who might conduct similar experiments in the future.
Telomeric repeat-containing RNA and telomerase in human fetal oocytes (2012)

This is the first report on TERRA expression in oocytes from human fetal ovaries. The presence of TERRA at the telomeres of oocytes from the leptotene to pachytene stages and its co-localization with the telomerase protein component suggests that this RNA might participate in the maintenance of the telomere structure, at least through the processes that take place during the female meiotic prophase I. Since telomeres in oocytes have been mainly studied regarding the bouquet structure, our results introduce a new viewpoint of the telomeric structure during meiosis.
Frequency Dispersion Compensation in Time Reversal Techniques for UWB Electromagnetic Waves (2005)

The invariance of the wave equation under time reversal enables optimal refocusing of ultrawideband waves by time-reversal (TR) arrays. This forms the basis of recently developed TR techniques for selective (re-)focusing and inverse scattering applications. However, in electromagnetic sensing applications involving lossy or dispersive media, such as earth media, time invariance is lost and TR techniques can be significantly degraded. To alleviate this problem, a method to compensate dispersion in TR applications is proposed here. The method is based on short-time Fourier transforms and is shown to improve refocusing.
Naproxen in the Prevention of Heterotopic Ossification After Total Hip Replacement (1999)

The effectiveness of naproxen, indomethacin, and a placebo were compared for the prevention of heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty. Eighty-four men at high risk of experiencing heterotopic ossification received randomly either naproxen 750 mg per day, indomethacin 75 mg per day, or a placebo for 6 consecutive weeks after surgery. Efficacy analysis showed that in 70% of patients treated with naproxen, in 34.8% of those treated with indomethacin, and in 15% of those treated with a placebo, no heterotopic ossification appeared on radiographs taken at 6 months. Naproxen was significantly more effective than the placebo or indomethacin in preventing the development of heterotopic ossification. Stratification into five categories, according to Brooker's classification at 6 months, showed that both drugs were equally superior to the placebo. Class III heterotopic ossification occurred only in patients who were given the placebo. The improvement in clinical criteria was comparable in the three groups, although at 6 months there was an improvement in abduction in patients treated with indomethacin compared with those treated with naproxen and the placebo. The overall tolerance was rated good by 87% of patients and 86% of physicians, with no difference between the groups. The results show that naproxen, given daily for 6 weeks, is an effective and safe medication for the prevention of heterotopic ossification after total hip replacement.
On the next generation of high-speed voiceband modems (2003)

The ITU-T Recommendation V.90 for voiceband modems allows for a maximum downstream (from the central office to the user) transmission rate of 53.3 kbps and maximum upstream (from the user to the central office) transmission rate of 33.6 kbps when the remote modem at the Internet service provider (ISP) has a direct digital connection to the central office (CO) and the client modem is connected to the telephone network through an analog subscriber loop. In order to increase the upstream data rate beyond 33.6 kbps, it is necessary to considerably reduce the quantization noise due to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in the line-card at the central office. In this paper, we propose a method to achieve this by using a single linear pre-equalizer arrangement in the transmitting modem along with spectral shaping of the input to compensate for the channel response before the ADC. We solve for the coefficients of the optimum pre-equalizer subject to the average transmitted voiceband power constraint imposed by the FCC. We demonstrate that it is possible to achieve data rates above 50 kbps upstream at a bit-error-rate (BER) less than 10/sup -6/ over typical telephone channels assuming that we have a fairly accurate estimate of the ADC slicing levels and sampling times.
Synthesis of “Solid Solution” and “Core-Shell” Type Cobalt−Platinum Magnetic Nanoparticles via Transmetalation Reactions (2001)

In this article, we report the synthesis of "solid solution" and "core-shell" types of well-defined Co--Pt nanoalloys smaller than 10 nm. The formation of these alloys is driven by redox transmetalation reactions between the reagents without the need for any additional reductants. Also the reaction proceeds selectively as long as the redox potential between the two metals is favorable. The reaction between Co(2)(CO)(8) and Pt(hfac)(2) (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate) results in the formation of "solid solution" type alloys such as CoPt(3) nanoparticles. On the other hand, the reaction of Co nanoparticles with Pt(hfac)(2) in solution results in "Co(core)Pt(shell)" type nanoalloys. Nanoparticles synthesized by both reactions are moderately monodispersed (sigma < 10%) without any further size selection processes. The composition of the alloys can also be tuned by adjusting the ratio of reactants. The magnetic and structural properties of the obtained nanoparticles and reaction byproducts are characterized by TEM, SQUID, UV/vis, IR, EDAX, and XRD.
Closure to “Discussion of ‘A Study of the Notch Effect and of Specimen Design and Loading on the Fatigue Properties of Cast Steel’” (1968, ASME J. Basic Eng., 90, p. 411) (1968)

Jonsson and Sparrow (see footnote 8) over their Reynolds number range are:
Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) Response to the Microencapsulated Formulation of Clomazone<sup>1</sup> (2000)

Experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 in water-seeded and drill-seeded production systems to determine rice response to clomazone applied at rates ranging from 0.28 to 2.2 kg ai/ha on silt loam and silty clay soils. Clomazone-induced bleaching of rice seedlings was 15% or less when clomazone was applied at 0.28 or 0.56 kg/ha. Increasing the rate of clomazone increased bleaching in most experiments. Clomazone at 0.84 kg/ha or higher delayed seed head emergence in five of eight experiments. Clomazone at lower rates did not delay seed head emergence. Although clomazone at 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha did not reduce grain yield, clomazone at 0.84 and 1.1 kg/ha reduced grain yield in one experiment while clomazone at 1.7 and 2.2 kg/ha reduced yield in two experiments. The influence of soil type and seeding method on rice's tolerance to the microencapsulated formulation of clomazone could not be demonstrated in these experiments. Clomazone was more injurious in drill-seeded production than in water-seeded production.Nomenclature: Clomazone, 2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone; rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘Cypress’.Additional index words: Crop injury.Abbreviations: PRE, preemergence.
Design Guidelines for Ambient Software Visualization in the Workplace (2007)

Success in software development dictates that the right information reaches the right people. In the development process, information flows among developers, managers, and customers. The information is represented in a multitude of sources: customer requirements, application domains, product specifications, development processes, schedules, budgets, project status reports, and task priorities. Unfortunately, in the transmission of information, vital tidbits are filtered away, made inaccessible, or withheld from the stakeholders. Software visualization systems have traditionally focused on the complexities of the relations and detailed structure of the software artifacts. Recently, attention has been given to visualizing software artifacts from the perspective of supporting teams in coordinating efforts. In this paper, we describe the nature of this information source and provide design guidelines for developing ambient software visualizations in the workplace. In particular, we describe how developers can better understand more about project management, recall and perform tasks in their personal work flow, and coordinate project state that is continually changing.
Integrating recognition elements with nanomaterials for bacteria sensing (2016)

Pathogenic bacterial contamination is a major threat to human health and safety. In this review, we summarize recent strategies for the integration of recognition elements with nanomaterials for the detection and sensing of pathogenic bacteria. Nanoprobes can provide sensitive and specific detection of bacterial cells, which can be applied across multiple applications and industries.