gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microalbuminuria and coronary heart disease in NIDDM: an incidence study. (1998)

In most survival studies in NIDDM, microalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion rate 20-200 microg/min) predicts early mortality; in cross-sectional studies, it is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity. It is unclear, however, whether microalbuminuria is a risk factor for the development of CHD or the result of it, and little is known of the factors that predispose to the development of microalbuminuria in NIDDM. We examined these issues in a 7-year prospective study of a hospital-based cohort comprising 146 white NIDDM patients without clinical albuminuria. Microalbuminuria was a significant risk factor for both all-cause mortality (relative risk 3.94, 95% CI 2.04-7.62) and CHD mortality (relative risk 7.40, 95% CI 2.94-18.7) when adjusted for age only. Its independent predictive power did not persist, however, in age-adjusted multivariable survival analysis that allowed for the other significant risk factors: male sex, preexisting CHD, high levels of glycated hemoglobin, and high serum cholesterol. Among men free of CHD at baseline, the independent risk factors for CHD morbidity and mortality were microalbuminuria, current smoking, high diastolic blood pressure, and high serum cholesterol (all P < 0.05). For the 100 NIDDM patients with normoalbuminuria at baseline, the incidence of microalbuminuria was 29% over the 7-year period. In that group, fasting plasma glucose, current smoking, preexisting CHD, and high initial urinary albumin excretion rate were risk factors for the development of microalbuminuria (all P < 0.05). When men and women were analyzed separately, preexisting CHD was a significant risk factor in men only. These results demonstrate that microalbuminuria predicts incident clinical CHD in men with NIDDM. Preexisting CHD is also a risk factor for incident microalbuminuria in men, however, suggesting that microalbuminuria and CHD are not causally related but rather reflect common determinants.
Preparation and Surface Characterization of Highly Ordered Polymer/Graphite Nanosheet Composites (2007)

Graphite nanosheets obtained from sonicating expanded graphite were coated chemically with magnetite nanoparticles. The modified graphite nanosheets were dispersed in epoxy or unsaturated polyester prepolymer, and subjected to a magnetic field before the suspension solidified. Composites with graphite nanosheets of highly ordered alignment have been prepared via the described approach. Several techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy were used to characterize the modified graphite nanosheets and the polymer/graphite nanosheet composites.
Block copolymers with LC‐segments (1989)

Abstract Liquid crystalline main chain polymers have outstanding properties concerning their modulus, thermal expansion, shear viscosity, and flame retardant behavior. It is of interest to introduce these properties into other polymers by the synthesis of block copolymers.
Production of unbolting lines through gamma-ray irradiation mutagenesis in genetically modified herbicide-tolerant Zoysia japonica (2009)

We have developed a genetically engineered herbicide-tolerant Zoysia grass with potential commercial value. However, the possible flow of genes to wild-type or neighboring plant species raises ecological and commercial concerns, although herbicide-tolerant GM Zoysia grass does not appear to pose a significant risk. One efficient way to prevent transgene escape in GM plants is to control fertility. Thus, we attempted to generate GM Zoysia mutants with defects in the development of reproductive organs, but that can be vegetatively propagated. To induce mutation, a range of γ-rays from 10 to 50 Gy, initially determined to be the optimal dose for inducing mutation, was used to irradiate GM Zoysia during the pollination stage. Notably, nine (4%) lines displayed defects in the floral transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase, while all non-irradiated GM Zoysia grasses developed normally. Under greenhouse conditions (natural light and temperature), these GM Zoysia lines have been vegetatively propagated for four years without forming reproductive structures. This technology could also be applied in other GM plants being cultivated through vegetative propagation, such as creeping bent grass.
Planar dual gate oxide LDMOS structures in 180nm power management technology (2012)

This paper presents a 20V-rated planar dual gate oxide NLDMOS power device structure fabricated in a 180nm power management technology. The performance of the planar dual gate device structure is compared to a conventional STI-based device and it is shown that the planar dual gate structure has superior BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> -R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sp</sub> , g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> , HCI reliability, and forward safe operating area figures-of-merit. The planar dual gate structure exhibits BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> =32V/14 mΩ.mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> specific on-resistance (and BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> =20V/7.5mΩ.mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for a drift length scaled version), hot carrier reliability in excess of 10 years analog lifetime in all bias regimes, and a linear forward IV characteristic. The planar dual gate architecture is scalable in rated voltage from 7V to 24V, and is an ideal component for the integration of USB switch, battery charging, backlighting, and PA envelope tracking mobile applications.
A CMOS clock recovery circuit for 2.5-Gb/s NRZ data (2001)

This paper describes a phase-locked clock recovery circuit that operates at 2.5 Gb/s in a 0.4-/spl mu/m digital CMOS technology. To achieve a high speed with low power dissipation, a two-stage ring oscillator is introduced that employs an excess phase technique to operate reliably across a wide range. A sample-and-hold phase detector is also described that combines the advantages of linear and nonlinear phase detectors. The recovered clock exhibits an rms jitter of 10.8 ps for a PRBS sequence of length 2/sup 7/-1 and a phase noise of -80 dBc/Hz at a 5-MHz offset. The core circuit dissipates a total power of 33.5 mW from a 3.3-V supply and occupies an area of 0.8/spl times/0.4 mm/sup 2/.
Introduction to RNA/DNA Cleavage (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTIntroduction to RNA/DNA CleavageJames K. BashkinView Author Information Washington University Guest Editor Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 3, 937–938Publication Date (Web):April 17, 1998Publication History Published online17 April 1998Published inissue 7 May 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr970415bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr970415beditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2093Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (18 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biochemistry,Biology,Crystal cleavage,Genetics,Nucleic acids Get e-Alerts
Intelligent Cokes and Diapers: MyGROCER Ubiquitous Computing Environment (2002)

Over the past years, significant developments in mobile technologies and associated economies of scale via mature manufacturing processes have made the construction of ubiquitous computing applications possible in specific domains. This paper presents the business rationale and the architectural framework of an innovative ubiquitous computing application for the grocery sector (MyGROCER). MyGROCER exploits the opportunities provided by emerging wireless and mobile commerce technologies, coupled with automatic product identification technologies (RF-Id), in order to enable an efficient home replenishment schema, enhance the quality of service provided by retailers, and ultimately add value to the end-consumer. We present the architectural elements of the application by identifying the design challenges and the way they were dealt with. The paper concludes with a critical appraisal of ubiquitous computing applications in supermarket environments and identifies future research challenges.
Atlas selection strategy for automatic segmentation of pediatric brain MRIs into 83 ROIs (2010)

Registration algorithms can facilitate the automatic anatomical segmentation of pediatric brain MR data sets when segmentation priors (atlases) are in hand. Automatic segmentation can be achieved through label propagation and label fusion in target space. We investigated the performance of different age cohorts used as prior atlases for the segmentation of 13 MRIs of 1-year-olds. Thirty adults and 33 2-year-olds (including the 13 1-year olds, scanned a year later) served as priors for label propagation and fusion. In addition, we tested the accuracy of a single propagation step of the atlas of the same subject scanned at 2 years of age. Pediatric priors performed better than adult priors on visual inspection as well as manual validation of the caudate nucleus (Dice index = 0.89 ± 0.02 vs. 0.86 ± 0.03). Corresponding single atlases at the age of 2 performed better than the fusion of 30 adult priors (83 ROIs / average Dice=0.87 ± 0.05 vs. 0.84 ± 0.07).
Falls Among Patients Who Had Elective Orthopaedic Surgery: A Decade of Experience From a Musculoskeletal Specialty Hospital (2013)

Falls are avoidable events that are poorly described among orthopaedic patients having elective procedures. This large series identifies hip replacement patients as being at almost 4-fold risk of having a serious adverse event after falling. Larger prospective trials are needed to confirm results and to inform prevention strategies.
Challenging the proposed causes of the PCR plateau phase (2019)

Despite the wide-spread use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in various life-science applications, the causes of arrested amplicon generation in late cycles have not been confidently identified. This so-called plateau phase has been attributed to depletion or thermal break-down of primers or nucleotides, thermal inactivation of the DNA polymerase, and product accumulation resulting in competition between primer annealing and product re-hybridization as well as blocking of DNA polymerase by double-stranded amplicons. In the current study, we experimentally investigate the proposed limiting factors of PCR product formation. By applying robust and validated qPCR assays, we elucidate the impact of adding non-target and target amplicons to the reactions, mimicking the high amount of products in late PCR cycles. Further, the impact of increased primer concentrations and thermal stability of reagents are explored. Our results show that high amounts of non-target amplicons inhibit amplification by binding to the DNA polymerase, but that this effect is counteracted by addition of more DNA polymerase or prolonged annealing/extension times. Adding high amounts of target amplicons that also act as templates in the reaction is far less inhibitory to amplification, although a decrease in amplification rate is seen. When primer concentrations are increased, both amplification rates and end-product yields are elevated. Taken together, our results suggest that the main cause of PCR plateau formation is primer depletion and not product accumulation or degradation of reagents. We stress that a PCR plateau caused by primer depletion is assay-dependent, i.e. dependent on the primer design and primer characteristics such as the probability of primer-dimer formation. Our findings contribute to an improved understanding of the major parameters controlling the PCR dynamics at later cycles and the limitations of continued product formation, which in the end can facilitate PCR optimization.
Non-overlapping super self-aligned BiCMOS with 87 ps low power ECL (2003)

It is demonstrated that high-speed bipolar and CMOS processes can be merged without compromise on either device. A NOVA (nonoverlapping super self-aligned) structure with an advanced epi/isolation process that reduces parasitic capacitances and resistances is reported. The scheme combines lateral autodoping free epi deposition with a novel fully recessed oxide process. This approach significantly simplifies the isolation process and is an important factor in achieving high speed with a conservative 1.5- mu m design rule. A high-speed frequency divider, a multiplexer, and a demultiplexer operating up to 4.1 GHz, 5.5 Gb/s, and 6.2 Gb/s, respectively, have been fabricated. The results show that NOVA BiCMOS is suitable for Gb/s digital VLSI application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intact apoptosis signaling in myeloid leukemia cells determines treatment outcome in childhood AML (2007)

Recently we reported that intact apoptosis signaling is indicative of favorable outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here we addressed this issue in 45 pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients analyzing 2 core apoptogenic events: cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation. In patients with good prognosis cytochrome c release was clearly found to be caspasedependent and correlated with activated caspase-3, indicating that activation of initiator or amplifier caspases such as caspase-8 together with an intact apoptosome function are elementary for favorable outcome. The functional integrity of this apoptogenic checkpoint is reflected by the parameter caspase-dependent cytochrome c-related activation of caspase-3 (CRAC(dep)). Patients with positive CRAC(dep) values (intact signaling) exhibited superior survival compared with CRAC(dep) negative patients (deficient signaling). Thus, the propensity to undergo apoptosis of leukemia cells is an important feature for favorable treatment outcome and may serve as an additional stratification tool for pediatric AML patients. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT00111345.
Photometric Redshifts in the Hubble Deep Field (1996)

Photometric redshifts for galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field are measured. Luminosity functions show steepening of the faint-end slope and mild brightening of M* out to z~3, followed by a decline at higher z; an excess of faint, star-forming galaxies is seen at low z. Our results are consistent with the formation of large galaxies at z=2-3, followed by that of dwarfs at z<1.
Development of noise-reduction concepts for 727 and 737 airplanes (1975)

A review is given of various noise-reduction concepts pertinent to JT8D-powered 727 and 737 airplanes, with emphasis on acoustic technology. Acoustic treatment for engine fan noise reduction is shown to result in production airplane configurations that comply with existing FAR Part 36 regulations for new airplanes. Two jet noise suppression concepts aimed at further 727 noise reduction are discussed. An ejector/suppressor concept that has been demonstrated in an FAA-sponsored ground and flight test program is shown to achieve 6- to 8-EPNdB suppression of jet noise at takeoff power. Airplane performance penalties, however, have precluded production application of this configuration. The refan concept, currently under development on a NASA contract, involves JT8D engine modifications to incorporate a higher work-extraction fan. This modification realizes lower jet noise that, when coupled with extensive acoustic treatment, results in significant noise reductions with a minimum impact on airplane performance. Subject Classification: 50.40, 50.50, 50.55, 50.75.
All-thiolate-protected silver and silver-rich alloy nanoclusters with atomic precision: stable sizes, structural characterization and optical properties (2016)

Ultrasmall metal clusters (<2 nm), with dimensions between those of small molecules and plasmonic metal nanoparticles, have received significant attention due to their discrete electronic structure as well as unique physical and chemical properties. It remains to be a major dream for nanochemists to accomplish the controllable synthesis and structure analysis of clusters with atomic precision. This dream has been realized in gold clusters, especially all-thiolate (SR)-protected clusters. In contrast, despite the similarities between gold and silver, all-thiolate-protected silver clusters have been less reported due primarily to the low stability and synthetic bottlenecks. Nevertheless, there has been some success in Ag clusters recently. Since the total structure of [Ag44(SR)30]4− was solved by Bigioni's group and Zheng's group independently, a few more structures have been achieved including [Ag25(SR)18]− and [Ag29(SR)12(TPP)4]3− (TPP: triphenylphosphine) very recently. Moreover, some Ag-rich alloy clusters have also been reported, such as [MAg24(SR)18]2− (M = Pd, Pt), [AuAg24(SR)18]−, [Au12Ag32(SR)30]4− and [Ag46Au24(SR)32]2+. In this Highlight, some recent progress in developing strategies for the synthesis of high-quality all-thiolated Ag and Ag-rich alloy clusters will be emphasized. The stable sizes, structural characterization and optical properties will be discussed in detail. A brief outlook on the future development of Ag and Ag-rich alloy clusters from the viewpoint of controlled synthesis, stability enhancement and single-atom level manipulation will be given.
Base mispair extension kinetics. Comparison of DNA polymerase alpha and reverse transcriptase. (1990)

A polyacrylamide gel assay is used to measure the kinetics of adding a single deoxyribonucleotide onto either a correctly matched or mismatched primer 3' terminus (on M13 template) for all possible DNA base pairs and mispairs using Drosophila melanogaster DNA polymerase alpha (Pol alpha) and avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. The reverse transcriptase catalyzes chain extension from transition mispairs (Pur.Pyr and Pyr.Pur, where Pur is purine and Pyr is pyrimidine) more efficiently than polymerase alpha. Reverse transcriptase extends G(primer).T almost 20% as efficiently as it extends A.T, while Pol alpha's G.T extension efficiency is less than 1%. For transversion mispairs (Pur.Pur and Pyr.Pyr), reverse transcriptase extends C.T and T.T with greater efficiency than polymerase alpha, while polymerase alpha is more efficient at extending A.G and G.G mispairs. Reverse transcriptase and polymerase alpha extend the G.G mispair at an efficiency of only 10(-6) and 10(-5), respectively, compared with G.C extension. The extension data for the two polymerases are compared with previously reported nucleotide misinsertion data for the same enzymes (Mendelman, L. V., Boosalis, M. S., Petruska, J., and Goodman, M. F. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 14415-14423). While the results obtained with reverse transcriptase and Pol alpha differ in detail, some general rules are indicated: (a) Pur.Pyr and Pyr.Pur mispairs, especially G.T and T.G, are easy to insert and even easier to extend; (b) Pyr.Pyr mispairs, especially C.C, are difficult to insert and slightly easier to extend; (c) Pur.Pur mispairs, notably G.G, are harder to extend than to insert. The comparison also shows that reverse transcriptase extends almost all mismatches more efficiently than it forms them, G.G being the only mismatch having a significantly lower efficiency of extension than insertion. Polymerase alpha inserts A.A mismatches most efficiently, but extends them inefficiently, thereby reducing the probability that such transversion mutations will occur in vivo. We show theoretically that when mispaired primers compete with properly matched primers for extension by polymerase, the relative velocities of extension depend on the concentration of the next correct dNTP substrate. The extension velocities depart from Michaelis-Menten kinetics by exhibiting positive cooperativity with respect to substrate concentration.
Chemistry of enzyme inhibitors of microbial origin (1973)

Study of antibiotics has furnished interesting materials to chemistry of natural products. I initiated the screening study of enzyme inhibitors produced by microorganisms and isolated Ieupeptin and antipain inhibiting trypsin and papain, chymostatin inhibiting chymotrypsin, pepstatin inhibiting pepsin, panosialin inhibiting sialidases, oudenone inhibiting tyrosine hydroxylase, dopastin inhibiting dopamine -hydroxylase, aquayamycin and chrothiomycin inhibiting tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine -hydroxylase. Structures and syntheses ofmost ofthese compounds have been studied. I also found dopamine -hydroxylase-inhibiting activity of fusaric acid and oosponol, and xanthineoxidase inhibiting activity of 5-formyluracil which were produced by microorganisms. Chemical study of enzyme inhibitors has given useful information on the structurejactivity relation. The effect of pepstatin on stomach ulcer, and the hypotensive effect of oudenone and fusaric acid have been observed clinically. Enzyme inhibitors produced by microorganisms are the most valuable new area extended from antibiotics and will furnish new materials interesting in chemistry. biosynthesis, pharmacology, and utility.
Microwave melt texturing of bulk YBCO superconductors (1998)

The potential for the use of microwave radiation as an alternative energy source for the melt texturing of bulk, ceramic high- YBCO superconductors has been investigated with a view to taking advantage of the opportunities presented by this novel heating technique. T-shaped samples of 83% dense, sintered YBCO were melt processed, both conventionally and using microwave energy, whilst suspended within two different casketing arrangements. Samples consisting of densely packed, long grains all aligned with the axis of the sample could be obtained under the best conditions. In addition, completely uniform and full oxygen contents (x = 7 in ) could be obtained throughout all the microwave-processed samples when the melt processing temperature was kept in the range . However, on the negative side, this appeared to limit the maximum density to 94% of theoretical unless a slight drop in x to 6.98 could be tolerated. The higher processing temperatures, which yielded the best microstructures, also resulted in 5-8% of the 211 phase being present.