gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Second-harmonic generation from a KBe_2BO_3F_2 crystal in the deep ultraviolet (2002)

By use of KBe(2)BO(3)F(2) (KBBF) crystal with a size of 10 mmx10 mm x1.2 mm and a special prism-coupling technique (PCT), fourth-harmonic generation of Ti:sapphire laser systems from 200 to 179.4 nm has been achieved. Moreover, with a Ti:sapphire laser with a 50-fs pulse duration and a 1-kHz repetition rate, conversion efficiency as high as 13% from 400 to 200 nm without any surface-loss correction has also been obtained. The data show that with the PCT a KBBF crystal can produce deep-UV coherent light with measurable power output.
Evaluating the effect of inlet arrangement in settling tanks using the hydraulic efficiency diagram (1994)

Flow-through curves (FTC) were obtained experimentally in 2 rectangular setting tank models consisting of an inlet slot and an outlet weir. The most important of the FTC characteristics were calculated and plotted on a diagram, which is called the hydraulic efficiency diagram (HED). Using the HED it was shown that the hydraulic efficiency of the tank improves by placing the inlet slot away from the mid-depth, either close to the surface or preferably close to the bottom. Hydraulic efficiency improves further by the use of inlet deflectors, whose position (distance and submersion) is not very critical provided that die deflectors are effective and divert the incoming jet towards the bottom. Some flow characteristics (length of recirculation areas) were measured and correlated to FTC characteristics.
Aldehydes and Ketones in Engine Exhaust Emissions—a Review (1996)

Aldehydes and ketones in engine exhaust gases are receiving increased attention and are beginning to be subject to special legislation due to their carcinogenic and ozone formation potential. This paper gives an overview of their properties as well as of the basic chemistry and conditions of their formation in internal combustion engines. Extensive research on the effects of engine operation and fuelling parameters is reviewed with specific references to gasoline, diesel, natural gas and methanol fuelled engines. This is accompanied by the review of the studies of the performance of exhaust catalytic converters with respect to aldehydes. Aldehyde detection and measurement methods are summarized and analysed from the point of view of their applicability to exhaust gas analysis.
Automatic failure-path inference: a generic introspection technique for Internet applications (2004)

Automatic failure-path inference (AFPI) is an application-generic, automatic technique for dynamically discovering the failure dependency graphs of componentized Internet applications. AFPI's first phase is invasive, and relies on controlled fault injection to determine failure propagation; this phase requires no a priori knowledge of the application and takes on the order of hours to run. Once the system is deployed in production, the second, noninvasive phase of AFPI passively monitors the system, and updates the dependency graph as new failures are observed. This process is a good match for the perpetually-evolving software found in Internet systems; since no performance overhead is introduced, AFPI is feasible for live systems. We applied AFPI to J2EE and tested it by injecting Java exceptions into an e-commerce application and an online auction service. The resulting graphs of exception propagation are more detailed and accurate than what could be derived by time-consuming manual inspection or analysis of readily-available static application descriptions.
Orbital Interactions in Chemistry (2013)

Explains the underlying structure that unites all disciplines in chemistry Now in its second edition, this book explores organic, organometallic, inorganic, solid state, and materials chemistry, demonstrating how common molecular orbital situations arise throughout the whole chemical spectrum. The authors explore the relationships that enable readers to grasp the theory that underlies and connects traditional fields of study within chemistry, thereby providing a conceptual framework with which to think about chemical structure and reactivity problems. Orbital Interactions
Electron affinities and electron-transfer reactions (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron affinities and electron-transfer reactionsPaul. Kebarle and Swapan. ChowdhuryCite this: Chem. Rev. 1987, 87, 3, 513–534Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00079a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1433Altmetric-Citations271LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (4 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Study on the Problems of Specialty Adjustment in Local Universities Under China’s New Normal (2016)

In China, the specialty adjustment of the local universities is short of dynamic mechanism and scientificity, which, at present, is one of the most ubiquitous problems among the universities. Particularly, as China’s economy enters into the new normal, what Chinese universities shall jointly deal with at the moment is how to adjust specialty scientifically and effectively according to the current economic changes and exposed problems. Against the background of China’s new normal, combined with the present economic situations and market demands, the local universities shall start from their own problems and find out ways of adjusting specialties scientifically and then put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote a higher and more sustainable development.
Fabrication of Al 2 O 3 co-doped fibres by a solution-doping technique (1988)

A new technique for fabricating optical fibres containing Al2O3 is described. Application of the technique to single-mode and rare-earth-doped fibres is discussed.
LaC<sub>2</sub> Encapsulated in Graphite Nano-Particle (1993)

Arc discharging carbon rods containing 8.8 wt% La 2 O 3 produces a carbonaceous deposit containing nano-particles (nm-size particles) consisting of graphite shells around core nano-crystals averaging 10-30 nm in diameter but sometimes 3-4 nm. Transmission electron microscopy, nm-size electron diffraction and electron energy-loss spectroscopy have revealed that the nano-crystals are La-carbide, LaC 2 , that the interfaces between the carbide and the graphite are flat, and that no intermediate layers are formed.
Single-pulse and pulse-train effects in ultrafast-laser micromachining of fused silica (2003)

Summary form only given. In this paper, we examine etch rates and surface morphology in ultrafast-laser micromachining of /spl sim/1 /spl mu/m diameter holes in fused silica. Shock-induced microcracking was a fundamental limitation of single pulse etching, but could be entirely avoided when mode-locked pulse trains were applied to rapidly micromachined surfaces (at /spl sim/20 /spl mu/m/pulse train).
Modulation transfer function measurement of sparse-array sensors using a self-calibrating fringe pattern (1994)

A simple method for the measurement of the pixel modulation transfer function (MTF) of sparse-array (extended MTF) sensors has been developed. We use a phase-shifting Twyman-Green interferometer to generate a series of single spatial-frequency fringe patterns incident on the sensor The resulting signal modulation is measured. We achieve self-calibration by restricting the measured spatial frequencies to multiples of the Nyquist frequency. The aliased patterns at these frequencies are unique and easily identifiable. Spatial frequencies of 480 cycles/mm are generated and measured. This frequency value is more than ten times that of the sensor sampling frequency. The expected MTF shape is obtained at multiples of the sampling frequency. At odd multiples of the Nyquist frequency, the MTF's are affected by the electronic bandwidth and cross talk in the charge-injection device sensor.
Unitary Control in Quantum Ensembles: Maximizing Signal Intensity in Coherent Spectroscopy (1998)

Experiments in coherent magnetic resonance, microwave, and optical spectroscopy control quantum-mechanical ensembles by guiding them from initial states toward target states by unitary transformation. Often, the coherences detected as signals are represented by a non-Hermitian operator. Hence, spectroscopic experiments, such as those used in nuclear magnetic resonance, correspond to unitary transformations between operators that in general are not Hermitian. A gradient-based systematic procedure for optimizing these transformations is described that finds the largest projection of a transformed initial operator onto the target operator and, thus, the maximum spectroscopic signal. This method can also be used in applied mathematics and control theory.
Educational hypermedia: an evaluation study (2003)

The role of computers in education has changed significantly in the last years. Educational systems have exceeded passive teaming systems and now actively participate in the teaming process. Web-based educational systems, for example, supported by incorporated intelligent tutoring techniques, are able to adapt information and its presentation to each individual user, and dynamically support navigation through the hypermedia material. This paper deals with the evaluation of educational hypermedia. An adaptive hypermedia system was developed and implemented for this purposes. The system is based on a concept domain model and also considers the elements of knowledge uncertainty in the process of user modelling. Both models are used for system adaptation, which builds on adaptive link insertion in addition to traditional adaptive navigation support technologies, like annotation and direct guidance. The system has been evaluated in a real environment and the results of the experiments are discussed here. In the paper, adaptive hypermedia systems in general are described first. Then our system is described, which was used in the evaluation study. In the end, the experiments are described and the results analysed in details.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (2003)

The mainstays of brain imaging techniques have been positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and event-related potentials (ERPs). These methods all record direct or indirect measures of brain activity and correlate the activity patterns with behavior. But to go beyond the correlations established by these techniques and prove the necessity of an area for a given function, cognitive neuroscientists need to be able to reverse engineer the brain—i.e., to selectively remove components from information processing and assess their impact on the output. This book is about transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a technique that emerged during the same period as neuroimaging and has made it possible to reverse engineer the human brain's role in behavioral and cognitive functions. The subject areas that can be studied using TMS run the gamut of cognitive psychology—attention, perception, awareness, eye movements, action selection, memory, plasticity, language, numeracy, and priming. The book presents an overview of historical attempts at magnetic brain stimulation, ethical considerations of the technique's use, basic technical and practical information, the results of numerous TMS studies, and a discussion of the future of TMS in the armamentarium of cognitive neuropsychology. Bradford Books imprint
Factors Governing Nonoverlapping Substrate Specificity by Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Peptidase (2003)

At least three peptidases are involved in cleaving presequences from imported mitochondrial proteins. One of the peptidase, the inner membrane peptidase, has two catalytic subunits, Imp1p and Imp2p, which are structurally related but functionally distinct in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Whereas both subunits are members of the type I signal peptidase family, they exhibit nonoverlapping substrate specificities. A clue to the substrate specificity mechanism has come from our discovery of the importance not only of the -1 and -3 residues in the signal peptides cleaved by Imp1p and Imp2p but also the +1 cargo residues attached to the signal peptides. We specifically find that Imp1p prefers substrates having a negatively charged residue (Asp or Glu) at the +1 position, whereas Imp2p prefers substrates having the Met residue at the +1 position. We further suggest that the conformation of the cargo is important for substrate recognition by Imp2p. A role for the cargo in presequence recognition distinguishes Imp1p and Imp2p from other type I signal peptidases.
Changes in Gill Adenosinetriphosphatase Activity Associated with Parr–Smolt Transformation in Steelhead Trout, Coho, and Spring Chinook Salmon (1972)

The average Na + - and K + -stimulated adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity of microsomes from gills of hatchery-reared coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) increased from about 12 μmoles ATP hydrolyzed/mg protein per hr during February through mid-April to approximately 24 in mid-May. Larger fish developed higher activities than smaller fish. Hatchery-reared spring chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) exhibited a similar increase 2–3 weeks earlier.In 2-year-old hatchery-reared steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri), Na + -, K + -ATPase activities were elevated in some, but not all, smolt-appearing animals. Parr-appearing fish, including maturing males, showed no activity increase. When held in fresh water to July, steelhead smolts lost their silvery color and became more parr-like in appearance, and the previously elevated ATPase activity decreased to near pre-smolt levels. Yearling steelhead held at the laboratory showed a more consistent rise in ATPase activity.The increase in transport ATPase (Na + -, K + -stimulated) activity occurring during parr–smolt transformation is probably a preparatory step for saltwater adaption and may also be closely associated with migratory disposition.L'activité moyenne de l'adénosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) stimulée par Na + et K + dans les microsomes des branchies de saumons coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) élevés en pisciculture augmente de 12 μmoles environ d'ATPase hydrolysée/mg de protéine par h de février à la mi-avril à 24 à la mi-mai. Les gros poissons développent une activité plus grande que les petits. Les saumons chinook de printemps (O. tshawytscha) élevés en pisciculture font preuve d'un accroissement semblable deux à trois semaines avant les saumons coho.
Estimating economic impact of voltage sags (2005)

This paper describes a systematic approach to evaluate the technical as well as the eventual economic impacts from voltage sag disturbances from a customer's perspective. It is illustrated how the influence of voltage sag problem can be evaluated from the knowledge of the system voltage sag performance and the equipment sensitivity. It also takes into consideration the role-played by each equipment towards the performance of the customer's load system. This in turn allows the monetary costs of interruption to the system operation as induced by voltage sags to be readily determined. This method should be useful for conducting cost/benefit analysis when designing or improving the configuration of the load system. It is particularly useful for evaluating between alternative power quality conditioning solutions.
Analytical expressions for the NMR apparent diffusion coefficients in an anisotropic system and a simplified method for determining fiber orientation (1995)

NMR measurements of anisotropic diffusion were studied using a three-dimensional random-walk model. It was found that the apparent diffusion coefficient can be expressed in a canonical form as the product of a diagonal matrix, an orthonormal rotation matrix, and a vector representing the encoding magnetic field gradient. The diffusion coefficient can be interpreted as the sum of the corresponding coefficients measured along the principal diffusion axes, weighted by the squares of the directional cosines of the encoding direction with respect to the principal axes. The analysis revealed that determining the orientation of anisotropy, in a cylindrically symmetric system, requires a minimum of four diffusion measurements. A special pulse sequence which minimized gradient cross-terms and possible restricted diffusion effects was used to characterize diffusion anisotropy in cut chicken gizzards. Diffusion coefficients parallel to the muscle fibers were found to be approximately two to three times larger than those in the transverse direction. Furthermore, the method was successful in detecting the angular change when the sample was rotated by 30 degrees. Results indicate that the proposed approach to measure fiber orientation is valid and may be used to improve the time efficiency of diffusion anisotropy measurements.
A 20 bp <i>cis</i>‐acting element is both necessary and sufficient to mediate elicitor response of a maize <i>PRms</i> gene (1995)

Transient gene expression assays in barley aleurone protoplasts were used to identify a cis-regulatory element involved in the elicitor-responsive expression of the maize PRms gene. Analysis of transcriptional fusions between PRms 5' upstream sequences and a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene, as well as chimeric promoters containing PRms promoter fragments or repeated oligonucleotides fused to a minimal promoter, delineated a 20 bp sequence which functioned as an elicitor-response element (ERE). This sequence contains a motif (-246 AATTGACC) similar to sequences found in promoters of other pathogen-responsive genes. The analysis also indicated that an enhancing sequence(s) between -397 and -296 is required for full PRms activation by elicitors. The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine was found to completely block the transcriptional activation induced by elicitors. These data indicate that protein phosphorylation is involved in the signal transduction pathway leading to PRms expression.
Mechanism of action of exenatide to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (2008)

We examined the contributions of insulin secretion, glucagon suppression, splanchnic and peripheral glucose metabolism, and delayed gastric emptying to the attenuation of postprandial hyperglycemia during intravenous exenatide administration. Twelve subjects with type 2 diabetes (3 F/9 M, 44 +/- 2 yr, BMI 34 +/- 4 kg/m2, Hb A(1c) 7.5 +/- 1.5%) participated in three meal-tolerance tests performed with double tracer technique (iv [3-3H]glucose and oral [1-14C]glucose): 1) iv saline (CON), 2) iv exenatide (EXE), and 3) iv exenatide plus glucagon (E+G). Acetaminophen was given with the mixed meal (75 g glucose, 25 g fat, 20 g protein) to monitor gastric emptying. Plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, acetaminophen concentrations and glucose specific activities were measured for 6 h post meal. Post-meal hyperglycemia was markedly reduced (P < 0.01) in EXE (138 +/- 16 mg/dl) and in E+G (165 +/- 12) compared with CON (206 +/- 15). Baseline plasma glucagon ( approximately 90 pg/ml) decreased by approximately 20% to 73 +/- 4 pg/ml in EXE (P < 0.01) and was not different from CON in E+G (81 +/- 2). EGP was suppressed by exenatide [231 +/- 9 to 108 +/- 8 mg/min (54%) vs. 254 +/- 29 to189 +/- 27 mg/min (26%, P < 0.001, EXE vs. CON] and partially reversed by glucagon replacement [247 +/- 15 to 173 +/- 18 mg/min (31%)]. Oral glucose appearance was 39 +/- 4 g in CON vs. 23 +/- 6 g in EXE (P < 0.001) and 15 +/- 5 g in E+G, (P < 0.01 vs. CON). The glucose retained within the splanchnic bed increased from approximately 36g in CON to approximately 52g in EXE and to approximately 60g in E+G (P < 0.001 vs. CON). Acetaminophen((AUC)) was reduced by approximately 80% in EXE vs. CON (P < 0.01). We conclude that exenatide infusion attenuates postprandial hyperglycemia by decreasing EGP (by approximately 50%) and by slowing gastric emptying.
Nitrogen photochemistry. Syn and anti isomers of semicarbazones (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitrogen photochemistry. Syn and anti isomers of semicarbazonesVirgil I. Stenberg, Paul A. Barks, Dennis Bays, Dwight D. Hammargren, and Durvasula V. RaoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 12, 4402–4406Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01276a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01276a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pin assignment for high-performance MCM systems (1996)

A very fast and efficient pin assignment strategy and algorithm for the early design phase of high-performance Multi-Chip-Modules (MCM) is proposed, which minimizes total wire length, white satisfying the timing constraints. Different delay models are used for on- and off-chip nets for an accurate delay estimation. The proposed pin assignment methodology is applied to a Superscalar Microprocessor design partitioned on an MCM to show that the final design most likely converges to a good result with only a few iterations.
Experimental Evaluation of GNSS-Reflectometry Altimetric Precision Using the P(Y) and C/A Signals (2014)

This work describes a novel dual-band Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometer (GNSS-R) that uses the P(Y) and C/A signals scattered over the sea surface to perform highly precise altimetric measurements. The results derived from two different ground-based field experiments over a dam and over the sea under different surface's roughness conditions are presented. The analysis of the altimetric performance shows that the results obtained using the P(Y) code improve by a factor between 1.4 and 2.4 as compared to the results obtained using the C/A code, respectively, for high and mid-low satellite's elevation angles.