gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD30 Ligand Is Frequently Expressed in Human Hematopoietic Malignancies of Myeloid and Lymphoid Origin (1997)

CD30 ligand (CD30L) is a type-II membrane glycoprotein capable of transducing signals leading to either cell death or proliferation through its specific counterstructure CD30. Although several lines of evidence indicate that CD30L plays a key role as a paracrine- or autocrine-acting surface molecule in the deregulated cytokine cascade of Hodgkin's disease, little is known regarding its distribution and biologic significance in other human hematopoietic malignancies. By analyzing tumor cells from 181 patients with RNA studies and immunostaining by the anti-CD30L monoclonal antibody M80, we were able to show that human hematopoietic malignancies of different lineage and maturation stage display a frequent and broad expression of the ligand. CD30L mRNA and surface protein were detected in 60% of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs), 54% of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs), and in a consistent fraction (68%) of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. In this latter group, hairy cell leukemia and high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) expressed a higher surface density of CD30L as compared with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and low-grade B-NHL. Purified plasmacells from a fraction of multiple myeloma patients also displayed CD30L mRNA and protein. A more restricted expression of CD30L was found in T-cell tumors that was mainly confined to neoplasms with an activated peripheral T-cell phenotype, such as T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, peripheral T-NHL, and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. In contrast, none of the T-lineage ALLs analyzed expressed the ligand. In AML, a high cellular density of CD30L was detected in French-American-British M3, M4, and M5 phenotypes, which are directly associated with the presence on tumor cells of certain surface structures, including the p55 interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain, the alpha(M) (CD11b) chain of beta2 integrins, and the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (CD54). Analysis of normal hematopoietic cells evidenced that, in addition to circulating and tonsil B cells, a fraction of bone marrow myeloid precursors, erythroblasts, and subsets of megakaryocytes also express CD30L. Finally, we have shown that native CD30L expressed on primary leukemic cells is functionally active by triggering both mitogenic and antiproliferative signals on CD30+ target cells. As opposed to CD30L, only 10 of 181 primary tumors expressed CD30 mRNA or protein, rendering therefore unlikely a CD30-CD30L autocrine loop in human hematopoietic neoplasms. Taken together, our data indicate that CD30L is widely expressed from early to late stages of human hematopoiesis and suggest a regulatory role for this molecule in the interactions of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells with CD30+ immune effectors and/or microenvironmental accessory cells.
A Comprehensive C++ Controller for a Magnetically Supported Vertical Rotor (2001)

This manual describes the new FATMaCC (Five-Axis, Three-Magnetic-Bearing Control Code). The FATMaCC (pronounced "fat mak") is a versatile control code that possesses many desirable features that were not available in previous in-house controllers. The ultimate goal in designing this code was to achieve full rotor levitation and control at a loop time of 50 microsec. Using a 1-GHz processor, the code will control a five-axis system in either a decentralized or a more elegant centralized (modal control) mode at a loop time of 56 microsec. In addition, it will levitate and control (with only minor modification to the input/output wiring) a two-axis and/or a four-axis system. Stable rotor levitation and control of any of the systems mentioned above are accomplished through appropriate key presses to modify parameters, such as stiffness, damping, and bias. A signal generation block provides 11 excitation signals. An excitation signal is then superimposed on the radial bearing x- and y-control signals, thus producing a resultant force vector. By modulating the signals on the bearing x- and y-axes with a cosine and a sine function, respectively, a radial excitation force vector is made to rotate 360 deg. about the bearing geometric center. The rotation of the force vector is achieved manually by using key press or automatically by engaging the "one-per-revolution" feature. Rotor rigid body modes can be excited by using the excitation module. Depending on the polarities of the excitation signal in each radial bearing, the bounce or tilt mode will be excited.
Single-Stranded DNA Curtains for Real-Time Single-Molecule Visualization of Protein–Nucleic Acid Interactions (2012)

Single-molecule imaging of biological macromolecules has dramatically impacted our understanding of many types of biochemical reactions. To facilitate these studies, we have established new strategies for anchoring and organizing DNA molecules on the surfaces of microfluidic sample chambers that are otherwise coated with fluid lipid bilayers. This previous work was reliant upon the use of double-stranded DNA, precluding access to information on biological processes involving single-stranded nucleic acid substrates. Here, we present procedures for aligning and visualizing single-stranded DNA molecules along the leading edges of nanofabricated barriers to lipid diffusion, in both "single-tethered" and "double-tethered" experimental formats. This new single-molecule approach provides long-awaited access to critical biological reactions involving single-stranded DNA binding proteins.
Valencene synthase from the heartwood of <scp>N</scp>ootka cypress (<i><scp>C</scp>allitropsis nootkatensis</i>) for biotechnological production of valencene (2013)

Nootkatone is one of the major terpenes in the heartwood of the Nootka cypress Callitropsis nootkatensis. It is an oxidized sesquiterpene, which has been postulated to be derived from valencene. Both valencene and nootkatone are used for flavouring citrus beverages and are considered among the most valuable terpenes used at commercial scale. Functional evaluation of putative terpene synthase genes sourced by large-scale EST sequencing from Nootka cypress wood revealed a valencene synthase gene (CnVS). CnVS expression in different tissues from the tree correlates well with nootkatone content, suggesting that CnVS represents the first dedicated gene in the nootkatone biosynthetic pathway in C. nootkatensis The gene belongs to the gymnosperm-specific TPS-d subfamily of terpenes synthases and its protein sequence has low similarity to known citrus valencene synthases. In vitro, CnVS displays high robustness under different pH and temperature regimes, potentially beneficial properties for application in different host and physiological conditions. Biotechnological production of sesquiterpenes has been shown to be feasible, but productivity of microbial strains expressing valencene synthase from Citrus is low, indicating that optimization of valencene synthase activity is needed. Indeed, expression of CnVS in Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated potential for higher yields. In an optimized Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain, expression of CnVS increased valencene yields 14-fold to 352 mg/L, bringing production to levels with industrial potential.
Polydopamine-Coated Porous Substrates as a Platform for Mineralized β-FeOOH Nanorods with Photocatalysis under Sunlight (2015)

Immobilization of photo-Fenton catalysts on porous materials is crucial to the efficiency and stability for water purification. Here we report polydopamine (PDA)-coated porous substrates as a platform for in situ mineralizing β-FeOOH nanorods with enhanced photocatalytic performance under sunlight. The PDA coating plays multiple roles as an adhesive interface, a medium inducing mineral generation, and an electron transfer layer. The mineralized β-FeOOH nanorods perfectly wrap various porous substrates and are stable on the substrates that have a PDA coating. The immobilized β-FeOOH nanorods have been shown to be efficient for degrading dyes in water via a photo-Fenton reaction. The degradation efficiency reaches approximately 100% in 60 min when the reaction was carried out with H2O2 under visible light, and it remains higher than 90% after five cycles. We demonstrate that the PDA coating promotes electron transfer to reduce the electron-hole recombination rate. As a result, the β-FeOOH nanorods wrapped on the PDA-coated substrates show enhanced photocatalytic performance under direct sunlight in the presence of H2O2. Moreover, this versatile platform using porous materials as the substrate is useful in fabricating β-FeOOH nanorods-based membrane reactor for wastewater treatment.
Identification of Linear Heparin-Binding Peptides Derived from Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Glycoprotein That Inhibit Infectivity (2006)

It has been shown previously that the fusion glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-F) interacts with cellular heparan sulfate. Synthetic overlapping peptides derived from the F-protein sequence of RSV subtype A (strain A2) were tested for their ability to bind heparin using heparin-agarose affinity chromatography (HAAC). This evaluation identified 15 peptides representing eight linear heparin-binding domains (HBDs) located within F1 and F2 and spanning the protease cleavage activation site. All peptides bound to Vero and A549 cells, and binding was inhibited by soluble heparins and diminished by either enzymatic treatment to remove cell surface glycosaminoglycans or by treatment with sodium chlorate to decrease cellular sulfation. RSV-F HBD peptides were less likely to bind to glycosaminoglycan-deficient CHO-745 cells than parental CHO-K1 cells that express these molecules. Three RSV-F HBD peptides (F16, F26, and F55) inhibited virus infectivity; two of these peptides (F16 and F55) inhibited binding of virus to Vero cells, while the third (F26) did not. These studies provided evidence that two of the linear HBDs mapped by peptides F16 and F55 may mediate one of the first steps in the attachment of virus to cells while the third, F26, inhibited infectivity at a postattachment step, suggesting that interactions with cell surface glycosaminoglycans may play a role in infectivity of some RSV strains.
Discovery of Risdiplam, a Selective Survival of Motor Neuron-2 ( <i>SMN2</i> ) Gene Splicing Modifier for the Treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) (2018)

SMA is an inherited disease that leads to loss of motor function and ambulation and a reduced life expectancy. We have been working to develop orally administrated, systemically distributed small molecules to increase levels of functional SMN protein. Compound 2 was the first SMN2 splicing modifier tested in clinical trials in healthy volunteers and SMA patients. It was safe and well tolerated and increased SMN protein levels up to 2-fold in patients. Nevertheless, its development was stopped as a precautionary measure because retinal toxicity was observed in cynomolgus monkeys after chronic daily oral dosing (39 weeks) at exposures in excess of those investigated in patients. Herein, we describe the discovery of 1 (risdiplam, RG7916, RO7034067) that focused on thorough pharmacology, DMPK and safety characterization and optimization. This compound is undergoing pivotal clinical trials and is a promising medicine for the treatment of patients in all ages and stages with SMA.
Aminoacyl-tRNAs: setting the limits of the genetic code (2004)

Aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) are simple molecules with a single purpose-to serve as substrates for translation. They consist of mature tRNAs to which an amino acid has been esterified at the 3-end. The 20 different types of aa-tRNA are made by the 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs, of which there are two classes), one for each amino acid of the genetic code (Ibba and So ll 2000). This would be fine if it were not for the fact that such a straightforward textbook scenario is not true in a single known living organism. aa-tRNAs lie at the heart of gene expression; they interpret the genetic code by providing the interface between nucleic acid triplets in mRNA and the corresponding amino acids in proteins. The synthesis of aa-tRNAs impacts the accuracy of translation, the expansion of the genetic code, and even provides tangible links to primary metabolism. These central roles vest immense power in aa-tRNAs, and recent studies show just how complex and diverse their synthesis is.
Counterion-Mediated Ligand Exchange for PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Superlattices (2015)

In the past years, halide capping became one of the most promising strategies to passivate the surface of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) in thin films to be used for electronic and optoelectronic device fabrication. This is due to the convenient processing, strong n-type characteristics, and ambient stability of the devices. Here, we investigate the effect of three counterions (ammonium, methylammonium, and tetrabutylammonium) in iodide salts used for treating CQD thin films and shed light on the mechanism of the ligand exchange. We obtain two- and three-dimensional square-packed PbS CQD superlattices with epitaxial merging of nearest neighbor CQDs as a direct outcome of the ligand-exchange reaction and show that the order in the layer can be controlled by the nature of the counterion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the acidity of the environment plays an important role in the substitution of the carboxylates by iodide ions at the surface of lead chalcogenide quantum dots. Tetrabutylammonium iodide shows lower reactivity compared to methylammonium and ammonium iodide due to the nonacidity of the cation, which eventually leads to higher order but also poorer carrier transport due to incomplete removal of the pristine ligands in the QD thin film. Finally, we show that single-step blade-coating and immersion in a ligand exchange solution such as the one containing methylammonium iodide can be used to fabricate well performing bottom-gate/bottom-contact PbS CQD field effect transistors with record subthreshold swing.
3D multilayer monolithic microwave (M/sup 3/) passive transmitter module (2003)

An X-band multilayer monolithic microwave (M/sup 3/) filter and patch antenna were designed, processed and characterized to demonstrate a three dimensional X-band passive transmitter. Multiple layers of polyimide and metal were deposited on a metalized silicon wafer. A filter and a patch antenna which were processed at two different layers were coupled through a slot on a common ground plane. The X-band 3D-M/sup 3/ passive transmitter was characterized for the radiation patterns.
Hydrogen permeation in optical fibres with hermetic carbon coatings (1988)

Hydrogen permeation has been measured for optical fibres with hermetic carbon coatings. Data obtained at elevated temperatures and high hydrogen pressures lead to predictions of extremely low permeation rates at typical operating conditions. In situ loss measurements have shown the existence of a lag time, during which no hydrogen reaches a fibre's interior.
Nonlinear phase precoding for personal communications (1994)

The authors present a novel channel precoding technique using nonlinear phase distortion to pre-equalise a slowly fading channel with severe intersymbol interference. It is shown that the precoder can significantly improve the transmission performance of a personal communications system.
The physiology and pathology of bone (2016)

Abstract This chapter gives an up to date account of the biology of bone, essential to understanding bone disease. Subjects dealt with include the origin and function of bone cells, the control of bone mass, the organic and mineral components of bone, the measurement of bone cell activity and the application of modern genetic methods to bone disease.
DBX‐1 – A Lead Free Replacement for Lead Azide (2011)

Abstract Efforts directed towards creating new environmentally friendly replacements for existing primary explosives have resulted in development of copper(I) 5‐nitrotetrazolate (DBX‐1). The chemical and physical properties of this material have been extensively investigated and it appears that DBX‐1 is a suitable drop‐in replacement for lead azide in a variety of ordnance applications. DBX‐1 is easily prepared, has excellent thermal stability and has safety and performance properties which are equivalent to or exceed those for lead azide. A program to qualify DBX‐1 for military use per NAVSEAINST 8020.5C has recently been completed and data has been forwarded to NSWC‐IH for submission to Naval Sea Systems Command.
Evaluation of high resolution gel β<sub>2</sub>-transferrin for detection of cerebrospinal fluid leak (2012)

Both the new immunofixation test for β(2)-transferrin and the β-trace protein were effective at detecting CSF leaks. Users of the β(2)-transferrin immunofixation test should be cautioned against interpreting samples with blood contamination.
Airway Response to Sublingual Nitroglycerin in Acute Asthma (1981)

To test the efficacy of sublingual nitroglycerin as a bronchodilator, we studied ten patients with acute asthma. After a baseline spirogram, each patient was given 1.2 mg of sublingual nitroglycerin, and subsequent spirograms were obtained a five-minute intervals for 15 minutes. Each patient was then given three subsequent doses of epinephrine (0.5 mg) subcutaneously at 15-minute intervals. Spirograms were obtained 15 minutes after each epinephrine dose. Forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) did not change significantly following sublingual nitroglycerin, but both FEV1 and FVC improved significantly after epinephrine administration. Three patients experienced transient but severe hypotension after receiving sublingual nitroglycerin. The results suggest that sublingual nitroglycerin is not adequate initial therapy for asthmatic attacks and that the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin in acute asthma may be dangerous.
TRAC-PF1/MOD1: an advanced best-estimate computer program for pressurized water reactor thermal-hydraulic analysis (1986)

The Los Alamos National Laboratory is developing the Transient Reactor Analysis Code (TRAC) to provide advanced best-estimate predictions of postulated accidents in light-water reactors. The TRAC-PF1/MOD1 program provides this capability for pressurized water reactors and for many thermal-hydraulic test facilities. The code features either a one- or a three-dimensional treatment of the pressure vessel and its associated internals, a two-fluid nonequilibrium hydrodynamics model with a noncondensable gas field and solute tracking, flow-regime-dependent constitutive equation treatment, optional reflood tracking capability for bottom-flood and falling-film quench fronts, and consistent treatment of entire accident sequences including the generation of consistent initial conditions. The stability-enhancing two-step (SETS) numerical algorithm is used in the one-dimensional hydrodynamics and permits this portion of the fluid dynamics to violate the material Courant condition. This technique permits large time steps and, hence, reduced running time for slow transients.
Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Insulin Injections (2017)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02282397.
Observations on the spread of perennial ryegrass by stolons in a lawn (1979)

Abstract Tufts of perennial ryegrass tillers excavated from a deteriorated Agrostis tenuis–Festuca rubra lawn were interconnected by underground stolons. The morphological character and induction of these structures are discussed in relation to reports of ryegrass stolons, rhizomes, and aerial tillers. Systematic excavation of all plant shoots from an area 1.2 × 0.8 m centred on a perennial ryegrass patch showed that ramets of perennial ryegrass genotypes identified both morphologically and by isoenzyme band patterns occurred across a patch 0.8 m diameter. Other genotypes formed smaller patches. When grown as spaced plants those genotypes which had spread to form patches had vegetative tillers with elongated internodes on the periphery of the tiller clump. These observations contradict the assumption often made in studies of the population dynamics of ryegrass that spread of the species by vegetative means is insignificant. Agronomic application of vegetatively spreading ryegrass is considered.
NIST recommended practice guide : (2001)

Measurements and standards are universally recognized as playing an integral role in the manufacturing process. They enhance reliability by providing a basis for quantifying and comparing material properties during each phase of manufacturing, from raw materials to the finished product. Equally important is the establishment of a uniform and widely accepted nomenclature for describing experimental methods and instrumentation, for sharing technical ideas and concepts and to provide a sound basis on which to standardize meas- urement methods and data reporting practices. This is especially true in the ceramics community, due to its cross-disciplinary nature and due to the utilization of ceramic powders throughout numerous industries.
Laboratory measurement of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide releases from swine manure of different solid contents. (2000)

Summary: Releases rates of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) from finishing swine manure of two different solid contents and two initial manure accumulation days were measured under laboratory conditions for one month. Manure was stored in reactors of 122 cm height and 38 cm diameter. The reactors were continuously ventilated with 7.7 L/m of fresh air. Temperature was controlled at 20 °C. Mean H2S release in all manure treatments ranged from 75 to 146 µg/h per reactor or 0.7 to 1.3 mg/h per m 2 of manure surface. The effect of manure solid contents and initial manure accumulation days on H2S releases was not consistent. Mean SO2 release in the four manure treatments ranged from 24 to 30 µg/h. The effect of manure solid contents and initial accumulation days on SO2 releases was not significant. There were evident fluctuations of H2S and SO2 releases during the test. High gas release rates occurred about two days after initial manure addition. High gas releases were also observed after some weekly manure additions.
Lithium Polymer Electrolytes Based on Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) for Lithium Polymer Batteries (2015)

Abstract We studied a lithium‐ion conducting polymer based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI). Self‐standing membranes were prepared by the solvent‐casting technique with a LiTFSI loading of 0 to 30 wt.‐%. The thermogravimetric analysis curves showed that the SO 3 H groups decompose earlier in the SPEEK–LiTFSI membranes than in pure SPEEK, owing to interactions between the Li + ions and the SO 3 H groups. X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry studies showed that the addition of LiTFSI decreased the crystallinity and the glass‐transition temperature of the polymer, which revealed the plasticizing effect of the lithium salt on the polymer matrix. The 7 Li NMR spectroscopy results showed a single central transition line at around δ = –1.2 ppm, which indicated the presence of free mobile lithium ions. Dynamic mechanical analysis of the membrane showed it to be mechanically stable up to 100 °C, a prerequisite for flexible lithium polymer batteries. The highest room‐temperature conductivity in the order of 10 –5 S cm –1 was observed for the 20 wt.‐% LiTFSI‐doped SPEEK membrane, which increased to 5 × 10 –4 S cm –1 at 100 °C.