gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Azole‐resistant <i>Candida</i> spp. – emerging pathogens? (2012)

Summary Invasive fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Azoles, and fluconazole in particular, are very active against Candida albicans , and are used widely because of their good tolerability. However, the increasing use of azole antifungals for the treatment of mucosal and systemic Candida infections has resulted in the selection and/or emergence of resistant Candida strains. The main mechanisms of azole resistance among Candida species are the development of bypass pathways, alterations in the ERG 11 gene encoding the azole target enzyme, and the up‐regulation of genes encoding efflux pumps. A better understanding of the mechanisms and clinical impact of antifungal resistance is essential to prompt and efficient treatment of patients with invasive mycoses and to improve the outcome of such infections.
Migration of the Swine Influenza Virus δ-Cluster Hemagglutinin N-Linked Glycosylation Site from N142 to N144 Results in Loss of Antibody Cross-Reactivity (2012)

Routine antigenic characterization of swine influenza virus isolates in a high-throughput serum neutralization (HTSN) assay found that approximately 20% of isolates were not neutralized by a panel of reference antisera. Genetic analysis revealed that nearly all of the neutralization-resistant isolates possessed a seasonal human-lineage hemagglutinin (HA; δ cluster). Subsequent sequencing analysis of full-length HA identified a conserved N144 residue present only in neutralization-resistant strains. N144 lies in a predicted N-linked glycosylation consensus sequence, i.e., N-X-S/T (where X is any amino acid except for proline). Interestingly, neutralization-sensitive viruses all had predicted N-linked glycosylation sites at N137 or N142, with threonine (T) occupying position 144 of HA. Consistent with the HTSN assay, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and serum neutralization (SN) assays demonstrated that migration of the potential N-linked glycosylation site from N137 or N142 to N144 resulted in a >8-fold decrease in titers. These results were further confirmed in a reverse genetics system where syngeneic viruses varying only by predicted N-glycosylation sites at either N142 or N144 exhibited distinct antigenic characteristics like those observed in field isolates. Molecular modeling of the hemagglutinin protein containing N142 or N144 in complex with a neutralizing antibody suggested that N144-induced potential glycosylation may sterically hinder access of antibodies to the hemagglutinin head domain, allowing viruses to escape neutralization. Since N-linked glycosylation at these sites has been implicated in genetic and antigenic evolution of human influenza A viruses, we conclude that the relocation of the hemagglutinin N-linked glycosylation site from N142 to N144 renders swine influenza virus δ-cluster viruses resistant to antibody-mediated neutralization.
Photoemissive, Photoconductive, and Optical Absorption Studies of Alkali-Antimony Compounds (1958)

By means of absorption and photoconductivity measurements, the following band gaps were found: ${\mathrm{Na}}_{3}$Sb---1.1 ev; ${\mathrm{K}}_{3}$Sb---1.1 ev; ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{3}$Sb---1.0 ev; ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{3}$Sb---1.6 ev; and ${(\mathrm{NaK})}_{3}$Sb---1.0 ev. A model has been derived for the photoemission from these materials which fits the three last materials listed above in addition to the ${(\mathrm{NaK})}_{3}$Sb with surface layers of Cs or Rb added. The electron affinities found from the photoemissive data using this model were as follows: ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{3}$Sb---1.2 ev; ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{3}$Sb---0.45 ev; ${(\mathrm{NaK})}_{3}$Sb---1.0 ev; [Rb]${(\mathrm{NaK})}_{3}$Sb---0.70 ev; and [Cs]${(\mathrm{NaK})}_{3}$Sb---0.55 ev. The electron affinity of ${\mathrm{K}}_{3}$Sb was estimated to be between 1.1 and 1.8 ev and that of ${\mathrm{Na}}_{3}$Sb to be between 2.0 and 2.4 ev. By means of the temperature dependence of the photoemission, ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{3}$Sb, ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{3}$Sb, and the multi-alkali materials were found to have $p$-type conductivity; whereas ${\mathrm{K}}_{3}$Sb and ${\mathrm{Na}}_{3}$Sb were found to have $n$-type conductivity.
P‐Wave Dispersion: A Novel Predictor of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (2001)

P-wave dispersion constitutes a recent contribution to the field of noninvasive electrocardiology and seems to be quite promising in the field of AF prediction.
Performance of flow reactors at various levels of mixing (1960)

Abstract Chemical flow reactors studied include models in which partial mixing and piston flow are present and others which involve partial mixing and short‐circuit. Mixing levels considered extend all the way between the extreme cases of tubular and continuous‐stirred tank reactors. Various orders of reaction are taken into account. The curves presented, obtained through analytical methods, show either the variation of conversion with mixing level at given values of residence time, or relative residence times for a given conversion. Graphical methods of solution are proposed. They involve, in part, a means of computation whereby the overall conversion for a number of reactors in series is obtained from the individual conversions. While isothermal conditions only have been considered, more interesting results are expected when other conditions are applicable, whether isothermal or not.
Chest Pain in Otherwise Healthy Children and Adolescents Is Frequently Caused by Exercise-Induced Asthma (1992)

Chest pain in children and adolescents, unlike in adults, is rarely of cardiac origin and its etiology is frequently unknown. In this age group, chest pain can limit normal activity and sports participation. The reported incidence of exercise-induced asthma in children with chest pain is less than 20%. For this study, 88 otherwise healthy children and adolescents with chest pain followed a treadmill protocol without a warm-up period designed to obtain a target heart rate of 180 or greater during the first several minutes of exercise. Patients maintained this workload for 6 to 8 minutes. Pulmonary function tests performed prior to exercise and at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes revealed a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second or peak expiratory flow rate of greater than or equal to 15% in 64 (72.7%) children. Inhaled albuterol resulted in subjective improvement in 97% (35/36) and objective improvement in 70% (25/36) of patients. In otherwise healthy children and adolescents with chest pain, the incidence of exercise-induced asthma seems greater than previously reported. Treatment with bronchodilators may help these patients lead a more active life-style.
A refined global‐local finite element analysis method (1991)

Abstract A refined global‐local method was proposed to improve the efficiency of finite element analysis. The proposed method was based on the regular finite element method in conjunction with three basic step, i.e. the global analysis, the local analysis and the refined global analysis. In the first two steps, a coarse finite element mesh was used to analyse the entire structure to obtain the nodal displacements which were subsequently used as displacement boundary conditions for local regions of interest. These local regions with the prescribed boundary conditions were then analysed with refined meshes to obtain more accurate stresses. In the third step, a new global displacement distribution based on the results of the previous two steps was assumed for the analysis, from which much improved solutions for both stresses and displacements were produced. Numerical examples showed that the proposed method yielded accurate solutions with significant savings in computing time compared with the regular finite element method. Further, this method is suitable for parallel computation.
A low-power DSP core-based software radio architecture (1999)

This paper describes an approach to developing a low-power digital signal processor (DSP) subsystem architecture for advanced software radio platforms. The architecture is intended to support next-generation wide-band spread-spectrum military waveforms. The methodology illustrates how a next-generation programmable DSP core forms the basis for an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). It also shows how semiconductor technologies can be integrated into such chips to achieve algorithm performance while minimizing subsystem power consumption. The ASIC is run-time configurable to maintain high flexibility. The range of RF channel modulation ("waveforms") and air interfaces is intended to include both wide-band and traditional narrow-band waveforms. Estimated gate counts and power-consumption estimates are presented. DSP circuit-design and power-management strategies necessary to achieve low-power operation are presented. While the architecture discussion focuses on military waveforms, the approach is also applicable to commercial waveforms.
Firefly luciferase, synthesized to very high levels in caterpillars infected with a recombinant baculovirus, can also be used as an efficient reporter enzyme in vivo (1990)

Trichoplusia ni and Spodoptera littoralis larvae were infected with a recombinant AcNPV, having the viral polyhedrin gene replaced with the cDNA encoding firefly luciferase. Both S. littoralis and T. ni synthesized very high levels of luciferase representing greater than or equal to 25% and greater than or equal to 15%, respectively of the total Coomassie blue stainable protein. Luciferase was apparently not secreted into the hemolymph but was contained within the body tissue. Expression in S. littoralis larvae suggests that luciferase can be an excellent reporter enzyme to study virus infection, dissemination and expression in different tissues, host range determination, insect physiology and also to monitor the release of recombinant virus in the environment when used as a biocide.
A bandpass sigma-delta modulator employing micro-mechanical resonator (2003)

A new second-order bandpass sigma-delta modulator employing a micro-mechanical resonator is presented. The micro-mechanical resonator is used to replace its electronic counterpart for its high Q value. The design is based on the pulse-invariant transform and multi-feedback technique. A compensation circuit is proposed to cancel the anti-resonance in the micro-mechanical resonator in order to obtain the desired transfer function. The modulator is implemented in a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS process with an external clamped-clamped beam micro-mechanical resonator. Simulations show that a 47 dB dynamic range can be achieved in a 200 kHz bandwidth centered at 8 MHz when sampled at 32 MHz.
Microbial electrosynthesis of butyrate from carbon dioxide (2015)

This work proves for the first time the bioelectrochemical production of butyrate from CO2 as a sole carbon source. The highest concentration of butyrate achieved was 20.2 mMC, with a maximum butyrate production rate of 1.82 mMC d(-1). The electrochemical characterisation demonstrated that the CO2 reduction to butyrate was hydrogen driven. Production of ethanol and butanol was also observed opening up the potential for biofuel production.
Simple Apparatus for Backwashing Chromatographic Columns with Inert Solvents (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple Apparatus for Backwashing Chromatographic Columns with Inert SolventsRalph L. Dannley and Bernard L. WeigandCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 7, 1284–1285Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1959Publication History Published online17 June 2002Published inissue 1 July 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60151a611https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60151a611research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Applying Polyacrylamide (PAM) to Reduce Erosion and Increase Infiltration Under Furrow Irrigation (1995)

Polyacrylamide (PAM) has received widespread attention in the last 3 .4 years as a potential new tool for\nvirtually halting irrigation-induced erosion in furrow irrigated agriculture when added in small amounts to the\nadvance phase of water application. When used properly, 3-7 lbs of PAM per acre per year can reduce erosion\nfrom typical furrow irrigated fields in Idaho an average of 94%. Because PAM in irrigation water retards surface\nsealing, it also generally increases net infiltration and lateral movement of infiltrated water. Season-long\ninfiltration totals for PAM-treated fields in Idaho have averaged 15% higher than non-treated fields.
Amplification by the polymerase chain reaction of a specific target sequence in the gene coding for<i>Escherichia coli</i>verotoxin (VTe variant) (1991)

Synthetic oligonucleotide primers were used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol to target a specific sequence in the gene coding for the A subunit of Escherichia coli verotoxin (VTe-variant, VTev). This PCR protocol permits the VTe-variant target sequence to be distinguished from closely related sequences in the same coding regions for type 1, type 2, and type 2 variant E. coli verotoxins. This procedure will be a valuable adjunct to other DNA amplification techniques currently being used for molecular epidemiological studies of verotoxigenic E. coli.
Multilayer Thin Films by Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Hole‐ and Electron‐Transport Polyelectrolytes: Optical and Electrochemical Properties (2006)

Abstract Summary: In this paper, we present the synthesis of a series of p‐type and n‐type semiconducting polyelectrolytes with triarylamine, oxadiazole, thiadiazole and triazine moieties. The synthesized polymeric hole and electron transport materials were examined optically and electrochemically using UV/Vis spectroscopy, PL spectroscopy and CV. Based on the optical and electrochemical data, each of the energy levels were calculated and all values suggested that they were promising hole‐ (p‐type) or electron‐transport (n‐type) materials for devices. Moreover, the synthesized ionic polymers were suitable for LBL thin film deposition from dilute polymer solutions and the multilayers were fully characterized by UV/Vis, PL spectroscopy and CV. magnified image
Investigation of the Swelling Response and Drug Loading of Ionic Microgels:  The Dependence on Functional Group Composition (1999)

Spherical micron-sized (4−7 μm diameter) poly(methacrylic acid-co-nitrophenyl acrylate) microgels were synthesized by precipitation polymerization and selectively derivatized with carboxylic acid, glutamic acid, hydroxamic acid, sulfonic acid, and ethanol functional groups in five separate post-polymerization reactions. The pH and NaCl induced swelling response, drug loading, capacity (“capacity” = total number of functional ionic groups that bind protons), and density of the five different composition anionic microgels, each containing a different functional group as well as a baseline of carboxylic acid groups, were measured. Using the micropipet flow technique, it was found that the pH range of the swelling response for the five different microgel compositions shifted by an amount that was proportional to the solution pKa's of their functional groups. The degree of drug loading increased in proportion to the microgels' capacity. However, the drug loading did not decrease proportionately when the capacity was lowered.
Differential Response of Soybean Cultivars to Metribuzin<sup>1</sup> (1976)

Abstract Metribuzin [4‐amino‐6‐ tert ‐butyl‐3‐(methylthio)‐ as ‐triazin‐5(4H)one] controls several species of troublesome annual broadleaf weeds in soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] but it sometimes causes excessive crop injury. To determine the extent to which this injury is caused by differential sensitivity of cultivars to metribuzin, we evaluated the response of approximately 250 soybean cultivars to soil‐incorporated metribuzin in field experiments in 1973 and 1974. Most cultivars were relatively tolerant of metribuzin at 0.56 kg/ha. At 0.84 and 1.7 kg/ha, many entries were severely injured or killed. Some of the most sensitive cultivars were ‘Altona,’ ‘Hurrelbrink,’ ‘Norman,’ ‘Portage,’ ‘Semmes,’ ‘Tracy,’ and ‘Vansoy.’ These cultivars, and possibly others with only moderate resistance to metribuzin, should probably be avoided when metribuzin is to be used for weed control.
Caractérisation de réactions primaires de dégradation oxydante au cours de l'autoxydation des polyoxyéthylènes à 25°C: Étude en solution aqueuse avec amorçage par radiolyse du solvant. VI. Polyoxyéthylène: Produits d'oxydation et schéma cinétique (1973)

Abstract L'autoxydation du polyoxyéthylène en solution aqueuse a été réalisée par amorçage radiochimique à 25°C. L'hydroperoxydation du polymére est accompagnèe par une dégradation oxydante produisant du formaldéhyde et neuf autres composés primaires de bas poids molèculaire. Les rèsultats sont expliquès par la décomposition monomoléculaire de radicaux peroxyles secondaires PO•2, selon un mécanisme à six centres avec libération de radicaux alcoxyles PO•, et par des réactions de propagation intramoléculaires à courte distance par les deux types de radicaux libres PO• 2 et PO•.
Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Receptor Superfamily Members by Lung T Lymphocytes in Interstitial Lung Disease (1996)

Recently, a novel receptor superfamily has been identified whose members interact with a parallel family of ligands showing homology to tumor necrosis factor (TNF). To investigate the role of these receptor structures in the pulmonary environment, we evaluated the expression of some members of the TNF-receptor (CD27, CD30, CD40, CD95/Fas, CD120a, and CD120b) and TNF-ligand (CD40L, CD70/CD27L, CD30L, and mTNFalpha) superfamilies by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) T cells recovered from healthy subjects and patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Lung T lymphocytes recovered from control subjects showed a slight expression of CD27 but did not bear CD30, CD40, CD120a, or CD120b antigens. CD27 expression was restricted to normal CD4+ cells. Fas antigen (CD95), which is involved in activation-driven T-cell suicide, and the ligand for CD27 (CD70) were weakly expressed by normal BAL T-cell subpopulations. In patients with sarcoidosis, the majority of pulmonary T lymphocytes were CD4+ cells that expressed low levels of CD27 antigen and an upregulation of CD95 and CD70 molecules. When we characterized lymphocytes accumulating in the lung of patients with HIV infection and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, we demonstrated that T cells accounting for the CD8 alveolitis bore TNF-receptor type 2 (CD120b) at high density and were CD70+ while CD40L, CD30L, or mTNF-alpha expression were not found. The discrete surface expression of the TNF-receptors and TNF-ligands on alveolar T-cell subsets suggests that these molecules play a role in the immune regulatory mechanisms that ultimately lead to the alveolitis in the pulmonary microenvironment of interstitial lung disease.
Effect of Poly(D,L-lactide) Addition to 2-Cyanoacrylates on Their Physical Properties and Toxicity (1989)

Poly(D,L-lactide)'s (PLA) with different molecular weights were added to 2-cyanoacrylates (CA) to modify the physical properties of CA as a sur gical adhesive. The CA's used were ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate, isobutyl 2-cyano acrylate, and ethoxyethyl 2-cyanoacrylate. The viscosity and the set time of CA increased, and the bond strength reached a maximum, when the concentration of PLA with the molecular weight of 420,000 increased for the three CA's. To evaluate the toxicity of the mixtures, microspheres were prepared from the polymer of CA and PLA, and added to the medium for the culture of 3T3 cells. It was found that the PLA addition to ethoxyethyl 2-cyanoacrylate resulted in a decrease of the cell growth inhibition by the ethoxyethyl 2-cyanoacrylate polymer. Isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate exhibited no significant inhibition on the 3T3 cell growth.
Image de-blocking with wavelet-based multiresolution analysis and spatially variant OS filters (2002)

A novel approach for de-blocking of block based image and video compression algorithms is presented. In our algorithm a blocky image is first decomposed into approximation and detail subspaces with a J-level multiresolution analysis (MRA). In the next step, the low-pass approximation image and the high-pass detail images are processed independently with spatially adaptive order statistic (OS) filters. The proposed algorithm can effectively eliminate or reduce the blocking artifacts and is computationally efficient.
Serum Stimulation of Lysyl Hydroxylase Activity in Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts (1985)

In the absence of ascorbic acid, confluent human skin fibroblasts incubated in 0.5% serum-supplemented medium had one-third of the level of lysyl hydroxylase activity of cells incubated in media containing high serum concentrations (5-20%). This difference appeared to be due to a decline in the enzyme activity following serum deficiency, and was largely abolished by addition of ascorbic acid to the medium. The effect of serum deficiency was slow, manifesting in 48 h at the earliest, and was completely reversed by replenishing the medium with serum. Prolyl hydroxylase activity was independent of serum concentration, both in the absence and in the presence of ascorbic acid in the culture medium.
Pyoderma gangrenosum in a patient with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and complement deficiency (2000)

About 50% of cases of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) are associated with a variety of systemic diseases. We describe a patient with severe PG on both legs who suffered from an autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in association with a congenital deficiency of complement factors C2 and C4. To the best of our knowledge, this constellation has not been previously reported.
Fracture Azimuth—A Shallow Experiment (1980)

A small-scale, shallow experiment was conducted by Amoco Production Research, Sandia Laboratories, and the U. S. Geological Survey, in order to study the potential of several geophysical monitoring techniques for determining in-situ fracture geometry. The program included core analysis, surface strain gage over-coring, borehole measurements, tiltmeter surveys, surface electric potential measurements, and post-coring. Each of the techniques correctly measured an East-West fracture which was longer to the East. This azimuth was apparently controlled by in-situ stresses, and it was noted that these were not affected by a horizontal stress relief located due East of the site.