gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Room Temperature Magnesium Electrodeposition from Glyme-Coordinated Ammonium Amide Electrolytes (2015)

We prepared less volatile and halide-free electrolytes for room temperature non-dendritic magnesium (Mg) electrodeposition by mixing a Mg2+-amide-containing ionic liquid (IL) with equimolar glyme (Mg2++IL : glyme = 1:1). Raman spectroscopy suggested that in the equimolar mixture most glyme molecules are coordinated to Mg2+ cations and/or IL cations, which is also supported by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The glyme-coordinated IL electrolytes showed sizable redox currents (order of mA cm–2), while aging deterioration of electrochemical properties was observed for the triglyme mixture due to partial bath decomposition. The tetraglyme-coordinated IL electrolyte enabled flat electrodeposition of Mg with a metallic luster and showed with very high anodic stability (ca. +4 V vs. Mg) because of decrease in uncoordinated glymes, which can be used for high-voltage Mg ion batteries.
American Botanical Council Corrects Inaccurate Media Stories: Herbal Supplements Do Not Contain Animal Tissue (2000)

A July 30 Reuters News Service story wrongly implies that herbal supplements contain animal tissue. A letter to the editor, published in the July 27th issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, and the resulting media coverage incorrectly refer to dietary supplements that contain animal tissue as "herbal," according to the independent herb science group American Botanical Council (ABC). 1
Light-emitting Diodes as a Radiation Source for Plants (1991)

Development of a more effective radiation source for use in plant-growing facilities would be of significant benefit for both research and commercial crop production applications. An array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that produce red radiation, supplemented with a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 30 micromoles s-1 m-2 in the 400- to 500-nm spectral range from blue fluorescent lamps, was used effectively as a radiation source for growing plants. Growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. Grand Rapids') plants maintained under the LED irradiation system at a total PPF of 325 micromoles s-1 m-2 for 21 days was equivalent to that reported in the literature for plants grown for the same time under cool-white fluorescent and incandescent radiation sources. Characteristics of the plants, such as leaf shape, color, and texture, were not different from those found with plants grown under cool-white fluorescent lamps. Estimations of the electrical energy conversion efficiency of a LED system for plant irradiation suggest that it may be as much as twice that published for fluorescent systems.
Performance evaluation of network scanning tools with operation of firewall (2016)

As the number of devices connected to the Internet has been exponentially increasing, the degree of threats to those devices and networks has been also increasing. Various network scanning tools, which use fingerprinting techniques, have been developed to make the devices and networks secure by providing the information on its status. However, the tools may be used for malicious purposes. Using network scanning tools, attackers can not only obtain the information of devices such as the name of OS, version, and sessions but also find its vulnerabilities which can be used for further cyber-attacks. In this paper, we compare and analyze the performances of widely used network scanning tools such as Nmap and Nessus. The existing researches on the network scanning tools analyzed a specific scanning tools and they assumed there are only small number of network devices. In this paper, we compare and analyze the performances of several tools in practical network environments with the number of devices more than 40. The results of this paper provide the direction to prevent possible attacks when they are utilized as attack tools as well as the practical understanding of the threats by network scanning tools and fingerprinting techniques.
A Review on Surface-Functionalized Cellulosic Nanostructures as Biocompatible Antibacterial Materials (2020)

As the most abundant biopolymer on the earth, cellulose has recently gained significant attention in the development of antibacterial biomaterials. Biodegradability, renewability, strong mechanical properties, tunable aspect ratio, and low density offer tremendous possibilities for the use of cellulose in various fields. Owing to the high number of reactive groups (i.e., hydroxyl groups) on the cellulose surface, it can be readily functionalized with various functional groups, such as aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and amines, leading to diverse properties. In addition, the ease of surface modification of cellulose expands the range of compounds which can be grafted onto its structure, such as proteins, polymers, metal nanoparticles, and antibiotics. There are many studies in which cellulose nano-/microfibrils and nanocrystals are used as a support for antibacterial agents. However, little is known about the relationship between cellulose chemical surface modification and its antibacterial activity or biocompatibility. In this study, we have summarized various techniques for surface modifications of cellulose nanostructures and its derivatives along with their antibacterial and biocompatibility behavior to develop non-leaching and durable antibacterial materials. Despite the high effectiveness of surface-modified cellulosic antibacterial materials, more studies on their mechanism of action, the relationship between their properties and their effectivity, and more in vivo studies are required.
First-principles simulations of STM images: From tunneling to the contact regime (2004)

The operation of the STM on metallic surfaces from the tunneling to the contact regime has been explored with a combination of first-principles total energy methods and a calculation of the electronic currents based on nonequilibrium Keldish-Green's function techniques. Our calculations for the behavior of the total energy, forces, atomic relaxations, and currents for an Al tip on an Al(111) surface as a function of the tip-sample distance indicate that atomic relaxations and saturation effects become relevant in a similar distance range where the onset of a short-range chemical interaction between the tip apex and the surface atoms is taking place. These two factors, that have an opposite influence in the current, lead to corrugations of the order of $0.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$, similar to the ones found experimentally in other (111) metal surfaces, for the closer distances (around $4.25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$) where stable operation can be achieved.
Incarnational Spiritual Influences: Baptismal Covenant & the Life Styles / Stages of Elizabeth Seton (2001)

Elizabeth fulfilled many roles during her life: daughter and stepchild, wife, widow, convert, mother, and foundress. To each she brought her understanding of her baptismal covenant with God. This article explores each of Elizabeth’s roles, and how the combination of relationships and events led her to see God in others and understand God’s will for her life. This understanding of God that develops through life stages and events is a hallmark of Incarnational Spirituality. The culture that Elizabeth was born into, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s influence on her ideas about education, and early life in the community of the Sisters of Charity are also discussed.
NCHRP Report 350 Test 3-11 of the Long-Span Guardrail with 5.7 m Clear Span and Nested W-Beams over 11.4 m (2006)

The objective of this project was to develop a long-span guardrail design that meets National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 evaluation criteria and is less expensive to construct than the existing design. The researchers reviewed design details of the long-span guardrails previously developed, especially the design presented by Mak, to evaluate expected behavior of the guardrail when subjected to NCHRP Report 350 tests. Design features that have been found to be important in terms of capacity of the guardrail to contain and redirect a vehicle are the structural strength and geometries of the guardrail. Lateral stiffness of the guardrail system is the primary design feature that determines maximum deflection of the guardrail during a collision and changes in lateral stiffness of the guardrail system along its length are the key features influencing pocketing of the vehicle. The BARRIER VII computer program was used to evaluate expected performance of the proposed design in NCHRP Report 350 tests. This program models a collision in two dimensions with a simple characterization of a vehicle and a detailed characterization of the guardrail. It was used to evaluate the expected deflections of the barrier and to predict any potential of the barrier to allow any unacceptable pocketing of the vehicle. Reported herein are the details and results of the full-scale crash test performed on the long-span guardrail. The rail element ruptured and allowed the vehicle to penetrate the rail system. The vehicle subsequently rolled onto its side. Therefore, the rail failed evaluation criteria for NCHRP Report 350 test 3-11. The abrupt change in stiffness of the rail element where it changes from two layer of W-beam (nested) to a single layer may have contributed to rupture of the single layer rail element.
Ultrasensitive detection of proteins and sugars at single-cell level (2016)

Each cell produces its own responses even if it appears identical to other cells. To analyze these individual cell characteristics, we need to measure trace amounts of molecules in a single cell. Nucleic acids in a single cell can be easily amplified by polymerase chain reaction, but single-cell measurement of proteins and sugars will require de novo techniques. In the present study, we outline the techniques we have developed toward this end. For proteins, our ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) coupled with thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide cycling can detect proteins at subattomoles per assay. For sugars, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy coupled with glucose oxidase-catalyzed reaction allows us to measure glucose at tens of nM. Our methods thus offer versatile techniques for single-cell-level analyses, and they are hoped to strongly promote single-cell biology as well as to develop noninvasive tests in clinical medicine.
A novel small animal model for biocompatibility assessment of polymeric materials for use in prosthetic heart valves (2009)

A composite polymeric material, poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene) (SIBS) with an embedded reinforcement polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric, is undergoing investigation for potential use in a novel heart valve. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a small animal model to assess the biocompatibility of composite samples in a cardiovascular tissue and blood-contacting environment. Composite samples were manufactured using dip coating and solvent casting with two coating thicknesses (25 and 50 microm). A novel rat abdominal aorta model was developed to test the dip-coated samples in a similar pulsatile flow condition to its intended use, and both dip-coated and solvent-cast samples were tested using a rat subcutaneous model. Tissue response, defined by degree of cellular infiltration and encapsulation, was minimized when a smooth coating of SIBS shielded the PET fabric from exposure to blood and tissue, and the degree of tissue response was directly correlated with the degree of surface roughness. Surface modification using phospholipid further reduces the tissue response. We have demonstrated the applicability of using a novel rat abdominal aorta model for biocompatibility assessment of polymeric materials that will be used in cardiovascular implants. For the purpose of this study, our results indicate that solvent casting with a 25-microm SIBS coating thickness will provide optimal biocompatibility for the SIBS valve.
Stabilizing Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Flavan-3-ols and Dimeric Procyanidins from Cocoa (2002)

Cocoa flavanols and procyanidins have numerous biological activities. It is known that (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin (dimer B2), and epicatechin-(4beta-6)-epicatechin (dimer B5) are unstable at physiologic pH, degrading almost completely within several hours, whereas they are relatively stable at pH 5.0. The present study investigated the effects of ascorbic and citric acid on the stability of monomers and dimers in simulated intestinal juice (pH 8.5) and in sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The addition of ascorbic acid to the incubation mixture significantly increased the stability of the monomers and dimers, whereas the addition of citric acid provided no protective effects. LC-MS showed that with the degradation of dimer B2 and dimer B5, doubly linked A-type dimers were formed. The present results, although not directly transferable to in vivo conditions, suggest that ascorbic acid may stabilize cocoa flavanols and procyanidins in the intestine where the pH is neutral, or alkaline, before absorption.
Automated reading of MIC microdilution trays containing fluorogenic enzyme substrates with the Sensititre Autoreader (1985)

The Sensititre Autoreader is a microcomputer-driven instrument capable of automatically reading antimicrobial susceptibility microdilution trays. The instrument measures the fluorescence liberated by bacterial enzymatic activity on fluorogenic substrates as an indicator of growth in each well. A mathematical algorithm converts the fluorescent signals from an antimicrobial dilution series to an MIC endpoint. A three-center study evaluated the performance of the Autoreader in comparison with MIC determined visually in a duplicate set of control plates lacking fluorogenic substrate. Among 828 isolates of gram-negative bacilli tested against 17 antimicrobial agents, Autoreader 18-h MIC were within +/- 1 twofold dilution of control MIC values (agreement) in 95.3% of instances. In 3.5% of the instances, Autoreader values occurred +/- 2 half-step dilutions from control values (minor discrepancy), and in only 1.2% of instances did Autoreader values deviate from control values by greater than +/- 2 dilution steps (major discrepancy). Agreement, minor discrepancies, and major discrepancies were noted among 148 gram-positive cocci tested against 11 antimicrobial agents in 93.5, 4.8, and 1.7% of the instances, respectively. Over half of the major discrepancies noted with gram-negative bacilli occurred with Proteus mirabilis-beta-lactam combinations, a problem that was resolved when a lower initial inoculum was used. Inter-and intralaboratory reproducibility was excellent. Standard Sensititre susceptibility trays may be instrument read at 18 h reproducibly and accurately with only slight modification of conventional procedures to include fluorogenic enzyme substrates in the incubation broth.
Pigments and isoprenoid compounds in extremely and moderately halophilic bacteria (1974)

Quantitative measurements were carried out on pigmented and colorless isoprenoid compounds in several species of extremely and moderately halophilic bacteria. Phytoene was found in most extreme halophiles; it was present in high concentrations in a moderately halophilic coccus (H 5 ) and absent from a moderately halophilic rod (A 31 C). Only the pigmented extreme halophiles contained β-carotene. Halobacterium cutirubrum contained substantial amounts of lycopene; this compound was present only in small amounts or missing from the other bacteria. Though lycopene is a precursor of β-carotene in plants, there was no correlation between the amounts of lycopene and β-carotene in the different bacterial species. C 50 pigments (bacterioruberins) were found only in pigmented extreme halophiles. There was no consistent correlation between the amounts of C 40 and C 50 compounds in these bacteria. This suggests that the latter may have a biosynthetic pathway independent of the former.Squalene, dihydrosqualene, and tetrahydrosqualene were found in most of the bacteria studied. Menaquinone was found in all species, except the moderately halophilic rod A 31 C which contained ubiquinone instead. The visual pigment retinal was found in most of the pigmented extreme halophiles, but was not detected in the moderate halophiles.
AutoFlux: an autonomous system for the direct measurement of the air-sea fluxes of CO<sub>2</sub>, heat and momentum (2009)

AutoFlux is an autonomous system for making direct measurements of the air-sea exchanges of CO2, momentum and heat. Such measurements are usually restricted to short, dedicated air-sea interaction cruises on research ships which last only a few weeks. In contrast, AutoFlux was recently deployed continuously on the RRS Discovery for two years and is now currently part of a three year measurement programme on the Norwegian weather ship Polarfront. The instrumentation on Polarfront also includes two different wave measurement systems and digital cameras. The various systems are described and initial results presented.
T Lymphocyte Population Dynamics and Function Following a Primary Bovine Herpesvirus Type-1 Infection (1987)

Following a primary bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) infection the concanavalin A (Con A) induced proliferative responses of peripheral blood T lymphocytes were suppressed. This suppression occurred in the absence of detectible serum suppressor factors, suppressor cell activity or decreased accessory cell function. However, regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between the percentage of T lymphocytes present within the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) population and the amplitude of Con-A-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses (LPR). Direct evidence that a numerical deficit of responder T lymphocytes was limiting LPR was obtained by using an immunomagnetic microsphere (IMM) negative enrichment protocol to produce a PBMC population with a constant percentage (75 +/- 6%) of T lymphocytes. The Con-A-induced LPR of these enriched T lymphocytes remained constant following BHV-1 infection. Flow cytometric (FC) analysis of PBMC indicated that the decreased percentage of circulating T lymphocytes, associated with BHV-1 infection, was caused primarily by a selective depletion of the BoT8 subset. These FC data were consistent with the indirect evidence of increased TH activity, as indicated by elevated Con A-induced IL-2 production. Thus, 2 to 5 days following viral infection, the circulating T lymphocytes were activated as shown by elevated IL-2 production, increased recombinant bovine IL-2 (rBo
Molecularly Engineered, High-Performance Adsorbent (1988)

We prepared highly crystalline, low-silica X zeolite (LSX) in a self-bound form directly from porous, preformed metakaolin pellets. In the appropriate cation form, these materials should have Improved adsorption properties for weakly Interacting adsorbates such as nitrogen. The composition of the synthesis medium, substrate porosity, aging period, and crystallization conditions affected both the total amount of zeolite produced and the relative amount of X and A phases formed. Materials were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption, and 29Si MAS NMR. Pellets converted In situ under optimum conditions contained >95% X zeolite having a Si/Al ratio equal to 1.0. These properties, combined with a large median pore diameter and acceptable crush strength, make this material a superior adsorbent. As predicted, a calcium low-silica X zeolite, properly activated, possesses higher N2 capacity (1.37 moles/g at 30°C, 1 atm) and N2/O2 selectivity (11.5 from air at 30°C) than any other adsorbent.
Redundant Ubiquitin Ligase Activities Regulate Wee1 Degradation and Mitotic Entry (2007)

The irreversible nature of mitotic entry is due to the activation of mitosis specific kinases such as cdk1/cyclin B. Cdk1/cyclin B induces activation of mitosis by promoting phosphatases while suppressing inhibitory factors such as the tyrosine kinase wee1. Since wee1 keeps cdk1/cyclin B inactive during the S and G2 phases, its activity must be down-regulated for mitotic progression to occur. One mechanism of suppressing wee1 activity is ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Cdk1/cyclin B1 phosphorylates wee1, targeting it for recognition by ubiquitin ligases and subsequent proteasomal degradation. One of the ubiquitin ligases promoting wee1 destruction during mitosis is the SCF(beta-trcp) complex. We demonstrate that this complex, and a second SCF complex containing the F-box protein Tome-1, regulate wee1 degradation during the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Therefore, redundant ubiquitin ligase activities promote efficient mitotic entry of eukaryotic cells.
Task assignment with unknown duration (2002)

We consider a distributed server system and ask which policy should be used for assigning jobs (tasks) to hosts. In our server, jobs are not preemptible. Also, the job's service demand is not known a priori. We are particularly concerned with the case where the workload is heavy-tailed, as is characteristic of many empirically measured computer workloads. We analyze several natural task assignment policies and propose a new one TAGS (Task Assignment based on Guessing Size). The TAGS algorithm is counterintuitive in many respects, including load un balancing, non -work-conserving, and fairness . We find that under heavy-tailed workloads, TAGS can outperform all task assignment policies known to us by several orders of magnitude with respect to both mean response time and mean slowdown, provided the system load is not too high. We also introduce a new practical performance metric for distributed servers called server expansion . Under the server expansion metric, TAGS significantly outperforms all other task assignment policies, regardless of system load.
Beekene, Biteken, Teken : mots étrangers en ancien français (1946)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
HIV Protective <i>KIR3DL1</i> and <i>HLA-B</i> Genotypes Influence NK Cell Function Following Stimulation with HLA-Devoid Cells (2010)

Epidemiological studies in humans have implicated carriage of combinations of genes encoding certain KIR3DL1 (killer Ig-like receptor 3DL1) alleles and their HLA-Bw4 ligands in slower progression to AIDS, lower viral load and protection from infection. Given that the KIR3DL1*h/*y/HLA-B*57 genetic combination is strongly associated with favorable HIV outcomes, we measured responses from NK cells isolated from these individuals by multiparametric flow cytometry for cytokine secretion and degranulation in response to stimulation with HLA-devoid cells to assess whether the KIR/HLA compound genotypes linked to better HIV outcome favor increased NK cell functional potential. Our results indicate that NK cells from these individuals had increased functional potential, particularly in the KIR3DL1(+) NK cell subset. These results support a link between KIR/HLA genotypes and NK cell function and could provide an explanation for the observation that some KIR/HLA combinations are associated protective phenotypes in the context of host-HIV interactions.
Prognostic role of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in lung cancer: an immunohistochemical analysis. (1998)

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a 36 kDa protein acting as a subunit of DNA polymerase delta, and is therefore associated with DNA replication. Its involvement in DNA excision repair after DNA sub-lethal damage has been reported. We assessed the immunohistochemical expression of PCNA in 94 lung cancer specimens in order to evaluate its potential relationship with clinical history and the outcome of the evaluated patients. We found PCNA protein expressed in all the evaluated neoplastic specimens, but with different expression levels. In addition, our results showed a subgroup of patients (high expressors) having a statistically significant worse outcome compared to the other two groups of patients, independently of' any other clinico-pathological feature. In conclusion, our data highlight the central role of PCNA and estimation of the proliferation rate in the prediction of the prognosis of lung cancer patients.