gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the sensitivity of leukaemic cells to cytotoxic drugs by bioluminescence measurement of ATP in cultured cells (1986)

A short-term test in vitro is described, which can be used to detect resistance to cytostatic agents in leukaemic cells. Leukaemic cell suspensions were incubated with cytostatic agents and the resulting intracellular ATP concentrations were measured by a bioluminescence ATP assay. There was a clear dose-effect relationship in acute leukaemia and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells for drugs used in the treatment of leukaemias. A good correlation was found between the ATP content of leukaemic cells and cell viability as determined by the trypan blue dye exclusion test. Preliminary individual clinical correlations suggest a correlation between the chemosensitivity in vitro and the response patterns in vivo in leukaemia patients. This simple, fast and sensitive method may have application for determination of drug-induced cytotoxicity in leukaemic cells in vitro.
Heterojunction Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells with n-Type Microcrystalline Cubic Silicon Carbide as a Window Layer (2007)

The application of phosphorus doped hydrogenated microcrystalline cubic silicon carbide (µc-3C–SiC:H) as a window layer of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells is demonstrated. The µc-3C–SiC:H thin films were deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition technique using monomethylsilane gas diluted with hydrogen. The deposition of µc-3C–SiC:H on a transparent conducting electrode (TCO) was realized by the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) covered on the TCO. Using this covering technique, the µc-3C–SiC:H was applied to the n-layer of an n–i–p-type a-Si:H solar cell. An efficiency of 4.61% with an open circuit voltage of 0.947 V was obtained. This result indicated that the use of µc-3C–SiC:H for an n-layer will realize to achieve a higher Voc in the photovoltaic characteristic.
Analysis of the Travel Characteristics of Vehicles using Digital Map and DGPS Received Data (2000)

ABSTRACT This study was analysed the characteristis of traveling vehicles using the collected data by DGPS receiver. These data were checked the vehicle position in every 2 seconds and compared with GIS digital map after correcting the errors. These are compared travel speed and running speed overall and analysed the stopping vehicle in the middle of travelling. The stopping frequency, stopping time and stopping factor was analysed. The X, Y coordinates positioning of DGPS received data about stopping vehicle was analysed. DGPS receiver didn't position at first but positioned it exactly as time went. This study carried out the basic study about travel characteristics with digital map and DGPS received data. Few studies which applied advanced technology like GIS & DGPS have been executed. I hope 2000년 9월 5일 접수 Received on September 5. 2000 1 경일대학교 도시정보지적공학과 (jskim@bear.kyungil.ac.kr) Dept. of Urban Information & Cadastral Engineering, Kyungil University 2 대구대학교 토목공학과 (cmlim@Taegu.ac.kr) Dept. of Civil Engineering, Taegu University
Resource Adaptation using XML within the MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework (2003)

In heterogenous networks like the Internet nearly every day new devices gain access to it. In most cases the content (resources), in particular multimedia resources, obtained by these devices need to be adapted to their specific capabilities. In addition, scalable formats enable the possibility to retrieve different versions of the same resource by performing simple manipulations on its bitstream. Due to the fact that new scalable formats will arise in the future the adaptation of these multimedia resources shall be performed in an interoperable way. In this thesis, XML is used to describe the structure of the bitstream and the resulting XML description is transformed instead of applying the adaptation directly on the bitstream. Subsequently, the transformed XML description is used to generate the adapted version of the bistream. Furthermore, this XML description describes the bitstream in such generic way which allows resource agnostic adaptation to be performed. The transformation of the XML description can be conducted by using different approaches. In this thesis, however, XSLT is used to perform these transformations. An application using the MPEG-4 visual coding standard for validation and verifcation of this approach is given.
Instrumentation for in-flight SSME rocket engine plume spectroscopy (1994)

This paper describes instrumentation that is under development for an in-flight demonstration of a plume spectroscopy system on the space shuttle main engine. The instrumentation consists of a nozzle mounted optical probe for observation of the plume, and a spectrometer for identification and quantification of plume content. This instrumentation, which is intended for use as a diagnostic tool to detect wear and incipient failure in rocket engines, will be validated by a hardware demonstration on the Technology Test Bed engine at the Marshall Space Flight Center.
Production of single-mode fibres with negligible intrinsic birefringence and polarisation mode dispersion (1981)

Spinning the preform during drawing produces a fibre with a permanent twist. It is shown that such a fibre has negligible polarisation birefringence and rotation. Polarisation mode dispersion is similarly reduced.
John Powell (1964)

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Spectral tuning of electroluminescence in conjugated copolymers by application of an external electric field (1996)

Color or spectral tuning of light emitted by LEDs based on conjugated polymers is important if such LEDs are to find applications in multicolor display devices. A copolymer system is described in which the wavelength of the electroluminescence can be controlled by the external voltage applied. Following an account of the monomer synthesis and copolymerization route, features of the photoluminescence, absorption, and electroluminescence spectra are reported and preliminary ideas presented about how to explain the results.
A heparin‐binding growth factor, midkine, binds to a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, PG‐M/versican (2000)

Midkine is a heparin-binding growth factor with survival-promoting and migration-enhancing activities. In order to understand the regulation of midkine signaling, we isolated midkine-binding proteoglycans from day 13 mouse embryos, when midkine is intensely expressed. Deglycosylation followed by SDS/PAGE revealed various protein bands; one of these was identified as PG-M/versican by in gel trypsin digestion and sequencing the resulting peptides. PG-M/versican isolated from day 13 mouse embryos bound midkine with a Kd of 1.0 nM. Pleiotrophin/heparin-binding growth-associated molecule, which has a structure related to midkine, was also bound similarly. Digestion with chondroitinase ABC, AC-I or B abolished the binding to midkine. Heparin as well as chondroitin sulfate D and E inhibited the binding. After chondroitinase ABC digestion, the midkine-binding PG-M/versican released 4-sulfated, 6-sulfated, 2, 6-disulfated and 4,6-disulfated unsaturated disaccharides. These results suggest that midkine binds to a polysulfated domain in the chondroitin sulfate chain with a region of dermatan sulfate structure. This proteoglycan may modulate the midkine activity, as binding to midkine can enhance midkine action by concentrating it to the cell periphery or inhibit the action by competing with the binding to a signaling receptor.
Are aberrant phase transitions a driver of cellular aging? (2016)

Why do cells age? Recent advances show that the cytoplasm is organized into many membrane-less compartments via a process known as phase separation, which ensures spatiotemporal control over diffusion-limited biochemical reactions. Although phase separation is a powerful mechanism to organize biochemical reactions, it comes with the trade-off that it is extremely sensitive to changes in physical-chemical parameters, such as protein concentration, pH, or cellular energy levels. Here, we highlight recent findings showing that age-related neurodegenerative diseases are linked to aberrant phase transitions in neurons. We discuss how these aberrant phase transitions could be tied to a failure to maintain physiological physical-chemical conditions. We generalize this idea to suggest that the process of cellular aging involves a progressive loss of the organization of phase-separated compartments in the cytoplasm.
TARGETED ENERGY TRANSFER IN A SYSTEM WITH SOFT NONLINEARITY (2008)

Targeted energy transfer (TET) in a 2DOF system consisting of primary linear oscillator and nonlinear energy sink (NES) with non – polynomial potential is investigated. Use of non – polynomial and even non – analytic potential functions is motivated by needs of practical design. It is demonstrated that the complexification – averaging technique of analysis developed before can be successfully extended for these cases with proper modifications.
Oxidative Decarboxylation of Levulinic Acid by Silver(I)/Persulfate (2011)

The oxidative decarboxylation of levulinic acid (LA) by silver(I)/persulfate [Ag(I)/S₂O₈²⁻] has been investigated in this paper. The effects of buffer solution, initial pH value, time and temperature and dosages of Ag(I)/S₂O₈²⁻ on the decarboxylation of LA were examined in batch experiments and a reaction scheme was proposed on basis of the reaction process. The experimental results showed that a solution of NaOH-KH₂PO₄ was comparatively suitable for the LA decarboxylation reaction by silver(I)/persulfate. Under optimum conditions (temperature 160 °C, pH 5.0, and time 0.5 h), the rate of LA conversion in NaOH-KH₂PO₄ solutions with an initial concentration of 0.01 mol LA reached 70.2%, 2-butanone (methyl ethyl ketone) was the single product in the gas phase and the resulted molar yield reached 44.2%.
Role of Pressure Drop on Rapid Pressure Swing Adsorption Performance (2017)

A loss in process performance for rapid pressure swing adsorption processes at high cycling frequencies is typically associated with an increase in pressure drop and mass and heat transfer resistances. An experimental study was performed to isolate the effect of pressure drop on process performance using particles ∼0.5 mm in diameter. The results demonstrate column pressure drop has a negligible effect on process performance in the flow regime where Darcy’s law holds for the high pressure production step. They also suggest, within our operational range, it is more advantageous to operate with a long, thin column as opposed to a short, wide column. A brief simulation study was also conducted to support the experimental results. It confirmed pressure drop effects were minimal, leaving mass and heat transfer resistances as more logical causes of performance decline with increasing cyclic frequency in this study. However, further research is needed to extend these conclusions to much smaller particles.
Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies on <i>Dipetalonema viteae</i> (Filarioidea) (1983)

The antigenic properties of adult male and female of Dipetalonema viteae were studied by immunocytochemistry. Using antisera of the rodents Meriones unguiculatus and Mastomys natalensis infected with D. viteae, the binding of antibodies to sections of filariae embedded in Epon was assayed by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique and by electron microscopy. The optimal staining intensity was obtained with an antiserum dilution of 1:5000. Control sera were obtained from sex and age matched uninfected animals. Female D. viteae showed maximal antigen-antibody reactions within the uterus: in the inner uterus wall, in the "nutrient channels" between the maturing eggs and the differentiating microfilariae, on the eggshells, in the cuticula of microfilariae and in the spermatheca on the cell membrane of the mature spermatozoa. Male filariae showed binding of antibodies in the vesicula seminalis: in the nucleus and the nuclear membrane of primary spermatocytes and on maturing spermatids. Less pronounced antigen-antibody reactions in the cuticula, muscle and intestine were observed in both sexes. The PAP-technique offers significant improvements in comparison with other techniques, e.g., immunofluorescence, used to detect antigens on filariae: the PAP-technique has an increased sensitivity with a concomitant reduction in nonspecific background and can be used for both light and electron microscopy; moreover, PAP-treated tissues can be stored indefinitely at room temperature.
Stable and efficient reduction of substrate model networks using congruence transforms (1995)

Parasitic analog-digital noise coupling has been identified as a key issue facing designers of mixed-signal integrated circuits. In particular, signal cross talk through the common chip substrate has become increasingly problematic. This paper demonstrates a new methodology for developing simulation, synthesis, and verification models to analyze the global electrical behavior of the non-ideal semiconductor substrate. RC substrate network models, which are generated via a triangular discretization method, are accurately approximated for subsequent analysis by an efficient reduction algorithm. This algorithm utilizes the well-conditioned Lanczos process to formulate Pade approximations of the network port admittance. Congruence transformations are employed to ensure stability, and to create reduced networks which are easily realizable with SPICE-compatible RC elements. For validation, the strategy has been successfully applied to several mixed-signal circuit examples.
Immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and expression in diffuse histiocytic lymphomas reveal cellular lineage, molecular defects, and sites of chromosomal translocation (1986)

We have examined the immunoglobulin gene configurations in cell lines from eight patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma in order to establish the cellular lineage and stage of differentiation of these lymphomas. The presence of heavy and light chain gene rearrangements as well as heavy chain class switching in seven cells placed these tumors within the B cell lineage. In contrast, one cell (SU-DHL-1), which lacks B cell-restricted surface antigens, retained germline heavy and light chain loci, indicating that it may represent a true histiocyte or uncommitted cell. Truncated RNAs for both the heavy and light chain immunoglobulins were responsible for the lack of surface immunoglobulin in the SU-DHL-2 cell line. Another cell line (SU-DHL-6), which possesses a t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation, demonstrated an unexpected recombination within its heavy chain gene locus that may be the interchromosomal breakpoint.
IPv6 and multicast filtering for high-performance multimedia applications (2007)

It is widely acknowledged that the IPv4 address space will be close to exhaustion within the next few years, and the future growth of the Internet increasingly depends on the timely deployment and availability of IPv6. Both the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and the Australian Government have recently issued statements pushing for the adoption of IPv6. This paper reports on our experiences in migrating CSIROpsilas multicast-based high-performance multimedia platform, currently used in medical conferencing and remote education applications, to IPv6. Application code changes, along with network equipment configuration, are discussed. Additionally, to optimise network bandwidth and end system resource usage, we implement and compare three multicast filtering techniques: at the application, in the OS kernel, and in the network via source specific multicast (SSM). We show that the integrated multicast support in IPv6 allows high-performance multimedia applications to be enhanced with minimum effort when migrating to IPv6.
An Adaptive Window Management System (1997)

Modern complex and information intensive computer applications involve multi-window operations. To simultaneously visualize all the necessary information for a task requires time—consuming window management operations by the user. Since these activities are not directly related to the user’s task domain, time spent on window management results in loss of user’s mental context and an increase in the actual task completion time. We propose an Adaptive Window Manager (AWM) which automates the layout of the windows on the display screen according to the current user and his current task domain and learns the user’s layout requirements. In this paper, we shortly address what user model we used for building AWM.
Web Application Attack Prevention for Tiered Internet Services (2008)

Because most Web application attacks exploit vulnerabilities that result from lack of input validation, a promising approach to thwarting these attacks is to apply validation checks on tainted portions of the operands used in security-sensitive operations, where a byte is tainted if it is data/control dependent on some network packet(s). This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a dynamic checking compiler called WASC, which automatically adds checks into Web applications used in three-tier Internet services to protect them from the most common two types of Web application attacks: SQL- and script-injection attack. In addition to including a taint analysis infrastructure for multi-process and multi-language applications, WASC features the use of SQL and HTML parsers to defeat evasion techniques that exploit interpretation differences between attack detection engines and target applications. Experiments with a fully operational WASC prototype show that it can indeed stop all SQL/script injection attacks that we have tested. Moreover, the end-to-end latency penalty associated with the checks inserted by WASC is less than 30% for the test Web applications used in our performance study.
K and M changes in close lightning ground flashes in Florida (1990)

Electric field changes produced by K and M processes in Florida lightning ground flashes at distances within 12 km are analyzed and compared. The geometric‐mean time durations were similar: 0.7 ms for 135 K changes and 0.9 ms for 80 M changes. The geometric‐mean time intervals between events were dissimilar: 12.5 ms for 93 K change intervals and 2.1 ms for 48 M change intervals. Our geometric mean K change interval is about twice the median value observed by Kitagawa et al. (1962) in New Mexico who used a somewhat different measurement technique, while our geometric mean M change interval is about one‐third the New Mexico median value although Kitagawa et al. (1962) apparently excluded from their statistical data those M components occurring within 15 ms of the return stroke initial peak field, and we included these. The K electric field changes were not always simple ramps superimposed on the slower interstroke J or final F field changes, but, rather, could be grouped into four general waveshape categories. All M field changes had relatively similar hooked shapes. We argue that the hypothesis proposed by Kitagawa et al. (1962) that K and M processes are essentially the same physical phenomenon is not supported by our data, although it cannot be positively ruled out; and, additionally, that the conclusion of Kitagawa and Brook (1960) that the net interstroke field change (J change) is essentially the sum of the individual K changes is also not supported by our data. Further, our data suggest that there is a significantly higher upper limit for the moment change associated with K processes in ground flashes than the 1 to 2 C‐km reported by Brook and Kitagawa (1960) and Ogawa and Brook (1964).
Medusa: the design and development of a TCP/IP communications nexus for the MOOS Portable Ocean Observatory Program (2005)

One of the key capabilities envisioned of MOOS (MBARI Ocean Observing System) is to provide both power and communications to oceanographic instrumentation in the benthic environment. With many technical elements, such as low-power instrument control 'nodes' and EOM (electro optical mechanical) cabling being proven at sea, the need to manage TCP/IP communications over a fiber optic link to the benthic environment became apparent. This requirement led to the construction of a custom network switch with fiber optic capability named Medusa. Medusa provides the foundation for MOOS undersea networks with managed L2 TCP/IP packet switching including fault tolerance and enhanced diagnostic capabilities for gauging the health of the undersea network. This paper describes the overall requirements, design, software capabilities, and features of the Medusa platform
Cross-domain access control via PKI (2003)

In this note we consider how role-based access control can be managed on a large scale over the Internet and across organizational boundaries. We take a PKI approach, in which users are identified using public key certificates, as are the servers. The main features of our approach are: access control by (client, role) pair; implied revocation based on the role hierarchy; automatic generation of certificate validity tickets; and certificate chains to prove a client role hierarchy to a server.
Identifying a Threshold Impurity Level for Organic Solar Cells: Enhanced First‐Order Recombination Via Well‐Defined PC<sub>84</sub>BM Traps in Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (2011)

Abstract Small amounts of impurity, even one part in one thousand, in polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells can alter the electronic properties of the device, including reducing the open circuit voltage, the short circuit current and the fill factor. Steady state studies show a dramatic increase in the trap‐assisted recombination rate when [6,6]‐phenyl C 84 butyric acid methyl ester (PC 84 BM) is introduced as a trap site in polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells made of a blend of the copolymer poly[N‐9″‐hepta‐decanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐5,5‐(4′,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole) (PCDTBT) and the fullerene derivative [6,6]‐phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC 60 BM). The trap density dependent recombination studied here can be described as a combination of bimolecular and Shockley–Read–Hall recombination; the latter is dramatically enhanced by the addition of the PC 84 BM traps. This study reveals the importance of impurities in limiting the efficiency of organic solar cell devices and gives insight into the mechanism of the trap‐induced recombination loss.
Planning for autonomous door opening with a mobile manipulator (2010)

Computing a motion that enables a mobile manipulator to open a door is challenging because it requires tight coordination between the motions of the arm and the base. Hard-coding the motion, on the other hand, is infeasible since doors vary widely in their sizes and types, some doors are opened by pulling and others by pushing, and indoor spaces often contain obstacles that limit the freedom of the mobile manipulator and the degree to which the doors open up. In this paper, we show how to overcome the high-dimensionality of the planning problem by identifying a graph-based representation that is small enough for efficient planning yet rich enough to contain feasible motions that open doors. The use of graph search-based motion planning enables us to handle consistently the wide variance of conditions under which doors need to be open. We demonstrate our approach on the PR2 robot - a mobile manipulator with an omnidirectional base and a 7 degree of freedom arm. The robot was successful in opening a variety of doors both by pulling and pushing.