gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane transport and <i>in vitro</i> metabolism of the Ras cascade messenger, glycerophosphoinositol 4‐phosphate (1999)

The glycerophosphoinositols, phosphoinositide metabolites formed by Ras-dependent activation of phospholipase A2 and a lysophospholipase, have been proposed to be markers of Ras-induced cell transformation. These compounds can have important cellular effects; GroPIns4P is an inhibitor of G protein-stimulated adenylate cyclase and is transiently produced in several cell types after growth factor receptor stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the small G protein Rac, indicating the importance of defining further its cellular actions and metabolism. We show here that, in postnuclear membranes from Swiss 3T3 cells, there is no high-affinity 'receptor' binding of GroPIns4P. Instead, possibly through the interaction with a transporter, GroPIns4P rapidly equilibrates between medium and cell cytosol, and, at higher concentrations, can concentrate in the cell cytosol. GroPIns4P can be dephosphorylated to GroPIns in vitro by an enzyme that is membrane-associated, Ca2+-dependent, GroPIns4P-selective and has a specific pH profile. Under in vitro phosphorylating conditions, there is production of GroPIns(4,5)P2 and other inositol phosphates. As these in vitro enzyme activities do not fully correlate with the in vivo handling of GroPIns4P, the intracellular GroPIns4P levels may be controlled by its direct physical removal from the cells.
A Sprayed Steel Tool for Permanent Mold Casting of Aluminum (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new application of steel sprayed tooling for the manufacture of prototype permanent molds for aluminum casting is discussed in this paper. The prototype tooling is quickly made by spraying onto substrates that define the tooling shell shape. The shell material, structure, and geometry are adequate to withstand, for a limited number of pours, the demands placed on an aluminum permanent mold. An initial demonstration shows the promise of this method.</div>
<title>T2 omni-directional vehicle mechanical design</title> (1999)

In response to ultra-high maneuverability vehicle requirements, Utah State University (USU) has developed an autonomous vehicle with unique mobility and maneuverability capabilities. This paper describes the mechanical design of the USU T2 Omni-Directional Vehicle (ODV). The T2 vehicle is a second- generation ODV and weighs 1350 lb with six independently driven and steered wheel assemblies. The six wheel, independent steering system is capable of infinite rotation, presenting a unique solution to enhanced vehicle mobility requirements. Mechanical design of the wheel drive motors and the performance characteristics of the drive system are detailed. The steering and suspension system is discussed and the design issues associated with these systems are detailed. The vehicle system architecture, vetronics architecture, control system architecture, and kinematic-based control law development are described.
Short Sales Are Almost Instantaneously Bad News: Evidence from the Australian Stock Exchange (1998)

This paper investigates the market reaction to short sales on an intraday basis in a market setting where short sales are transparent immediately following execution. We find a mean reassessment of stock value following short sales of up to −0.20 percent with adverse information impounded within fifteen minutes or twenty trades. Short sales executed near the end of the financial year and those related to arbitrage and hedging activities are associated with a smaller price reaction; trades near information events precipitate larger price reactions. The evidence is generally weaker for short sales executed using limit orders relative to market orders.
Graph Classification using Structural Attention (2018)

Graph classification is a problem with practical applications in many different domains. To solve this problem, one usually calculates certain graph statistics (i.e., graph features) that help discriminate between graphs of different classes. When calculating such features, most existing approaches process the entire graph. In a graphlet-based approach, for instance, the entire graph is processed to get the total count of different graphlets or subgraphs. In many real-world applications, however, graphs can be noisy with discriminative patterns confined to certain regions in the graph only. In this work, we study the problem of attention-based graph classification. The use of attention allows us to focus on small but informative parts of the graph, avoiding noise in the rest of the graph. We present a novel RNN model, called the Graph Attention Model (GAM), that processes only a portion of the graph by adaptively selecting a sequence of "informative" nodes. Experimental results on multiple real-world datasets show that the proposed method is competitive against various well-known methods in graph classification even though our method is limited to only a portion of the graph.
Let the audience de‐side: Possibilities for postmodern discourse ethics (1994)

Critique d'A. Gross qui apparait plus preoccupe par la metapresentation du debat Derrida-Searle que par les caracteristiques de la science (science du langage y compris)
Serum Vitamin D Metabolites and Their Binding Protein in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis (1984)

Serum parameters of calcium metabolism were measured in 32 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis due to either hepatitis (n = 13), alcohol abuse (n = 11), Wilson's disease (n = 3), or primary or secondary biliary cirrhosis (n = 5). All measurements were normal in the small group of patients with Wilson's disease. The serum concentrations of albumin, vitamin D-binding protein, total calcium, phosphorus, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH2)D3) were decreased in the other patients with cirrhosis, but their mean serum concentrations of ionized calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) and free 1,25-(OH2)D3 index were normal. A slight but significant increase in the serum PTH measured using a carboxyl-terminal antiserum was found. A significant correlation was found between the serum concentration of either albumin or vitamin D-binding protein and the serum concentrations of total calcium, 25-OHD3, 1,25-(OH2)D3, and PTH but not with ionized calcium or free 1,25-(OH2)D3 index. The observed abnormalities of calcium metabolism in unselected patients with cirrhosis were mainly due to decreased protein synthesis. Only the patients with severe cirrhosis had decreased concentrations of 25-OHD3 but they were nevertheless able to maintain a normal ionized serum calcium and free 1,25-(OH2)D3 level, possibly by means of compensatory hyperparathyroidism.
Interchain and intrachain crosslinking of actin thiols by a bifunctional thiol reagent (1992)

From 1,9-nonylenedithiol and Ellman's Reagent the bifunctional asymmetric disulfide n-nonylene-1,9-bis-[5-dithio-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)] (NBDN) was prepared. By monovalent reaction with cysteine-374 the crosslinker could be introduced into monomeric actin, with release of one equivalent of yellow 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate (NTB). From the monovalent actin derivative we prepared a crosslinked actin dimer (Cys-374-Cys-374') as well as a monomer with a crosslink between Cys-374 and Cys-10. Neither crosslinked actin species was able to polymerize the crosslinked monomer even in the presence of phalloidin. The crosslinked monomer polymerized on the addition of dithiothreitol, thus providing the first unpolymerizable actin species whose polymerizability can be restored under mild conditions. We suggest the use of NBDN as a thiol-specific crosslinker that reacts under spectrophotometric control and can be removed by the addition of thiols.
Rational Design of Sugar‐Based‐Surfactant Combined Catalysts for Promoting Glycerol as a Solvent (2008)

A sugary treat: Here we report the great efficiency of sugar-based-surfactant combined catalysts for conducting selective base-catalyzed organic reactions in glycerol. Close control of the reaction selectivity was successfully obtained owing to the formation of catalytic hydrophobic pockets in glycerol (see figure). The advantages of our catalytic processes and its similarities with catalysis in water are also highlighted. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Development of a simple UV Assay method for Artesunate in Pharmaceutical Formulations (2011)

Artesunate (ART) is a readily available anti malarial in combination therapy. The assay method has posed a challenge because it does not have a readily recognisable absorption chromophore needed for UV spectroscopy. A simple and rapid assay method involving two reaction steps has been developed for assay of ART in pharmaceutical formulations. The method involves basic reaction of ethanolic solution of ART with 0.1N sodium hydroxide and then neutralisation and acidification of this reaction mixture with 0.1M solution of acetic acid in 20% ethanol. This gave a good UV spectrum for ART with λmax at 242nm. HPLC analysis of this mixture revealed the presence of two prominent peaks. The peaks were further identified with HPLC-mass spectrometer to possibly be those of glycal and furanose acetal. The method was validated for stability, linearity, accuracy, intra- and inter-day precision and was used to assay ART in commercial tablets. The method is simple and suitable for the assay of ART in pharmaceutical formulations.
Practical Phase-Modulation Stabilization in Quantum Key Distribution via Machine Learning (2019)

In secure communication, maintaining system stability is crucial for practical quantum key distribution (QKD). To date, ``scanning-and-transmitting'' programs have been adopted to stabilize all QKD systems, reducing efficiency in key transmission. For this reason, the authors turn to a machine-learning model to predict variations in physical parameters and actively exercise real-time control over corresponding QKD devices, dramatically increasing the efficiency of key transmission. This approach should also be applicable to other QKD systems using any coding scheme or QKD protocol, and thus should impact large-scale application of quantum communication networks in the near future.
The effect of exercise induced glycogen depletion on the lactate, ventilatory and electromyographic thresholds. (1997)

Six trained, male cyclists (Age = 24.0 +/- 2.45 yrs, Ht = 1.76 +/- 0.84 m, Mass = 76.22 +/- 10.03 kg, % Fat = 8.57 +/- 1.50, VO2 peak = 68.97 +/- 10.46 ml . kg-1 . min-1) completed a progressive, incremental cycle ergometer test under NG and DG conditions in a randomized order. Glycogen depletion was accomplished by having the subjects: (1) engage in a 12 hour fast prior to the exercise test, (2) complete a 1.5 hour ride at their ventilatory threshold, and (3) complete 4 to 8 one-minute rides at 100% of VO2 peak. Six hours following the depletion rides, the subjects completed the exercise test (90 rpm, 45 watts/2 min). Blood was withdrawn through a forearm venous catheter each minute and later analyzed for blood lactate. Metabolic data were measured every 30s and the IEMG of the rectus femoris was recorded during the last 10s of each minute of the exercise test. Results showed that under NG, the IEMG (TIEMG), lactate (Tlac), and ventilatory (Tvent) thresholds occurred at a similar VO2 (TIEMG = 3.46 +/- 0.31, Tlac = 3.51 +/- 0.34, Tvent = 3.36 +/- 0.42 L . min-1). However, under DG there was a significant shift in the TIEMG to a higher VO2 (TIEMG = 4.41 +/- 0.54 L . min-1 = p 0.003). Tlac was not significantly greater following glycogen depletion, but had shifted to a higher VO2 in relation to the Tvent (Tlac = 3.96 +/- 0.40 L . min-1, Tvent = 3.37 +/- 0.64 L . min-1 = p 0.01). These data show that lactate accumulation and muscle activation of the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris are not the controlling mechanisms of the ventilatory threshold during progressive, incremental cycling exercise.
Liver- and Colon-Specific DNA Methylation Markers in Plasma for Investigation of Colorectal Cancers with or without Liver Metastases (2018)

Quantitative analysis of plasma DNA with tissue-specific methylation patterns using droplet digital PCR is applicable for the investigation of cancers and assessing organ transplantation. This approach is useful for differentiating patients with and without metastases to other organs.
Analysis of γc-Family Cytokine Target Genes (2003)

Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21 form a family of cytokines based on their sharing the common cytokine receptor gamma chain, gamma(c), which is mutated in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). As a step toward further elucidating the mechanism of action of these cytokines in T-cell biology, we compared the gene expression profiles of IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, and IL-15 in T cells using cDNA microarrays. IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 each induced a highly similar set of genes, whereas IL-4 induced distinct genes correlating with differential STAT protein activation by this cytokine. One gene induced by IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 but not IL-4 was dual-specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5). In IL-2-dependent CTLL-2 cells, we show that IL-2-induced ERK-1/2 activity was inhibited by wild type DUSP5 but markedly increased by an inactive form of DUSP5, suggesting a negative feedback role for DUSP5 in IL-2 signaling. Our findings provide insights into the shared versus distinctive actions by different members of the gamma(c) family of cytokines. Moreover, we have identified a DUSP5-dependent negative regulatory pathway for MAPK activity in T cells.
A mass spectrometric journey into protein and proteome research (2003)

It is a frequently debated question whether technology drives biology or whether biology drives the development of new technologies. This issue is discussed in this manuscript as an account that covers approximately a decade during which mass spectrometry and protein biochemistry have intersected. It is shown that the capabilities of the mass spectrometric methods, initially developed to address the specific need to identify proteins reliably and at high sensitivity soon transcended the intended task. The rapid development of mass spectrometric technologies applied to protein research has catalyzed entirely new experimental approaches and opened up new types of biological questions to experimentation, culminating in the field of proteomics. Some conclusions from this case study relating to technological research and the environment in which it is carried out are also discussed.
The PK Domain of the Large Subunit of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Ribonucleotide Reductase (ICP10) Is Required for Immediate-Early Gene Expression and Virus Growth (1998)

The large subunit of herpes simplex virus (HSV) ribonucleotide reductase (RR), RR1, contains a unique amino-terminal domain which has serine/threonine protein kinase (PK) activity. To examine the role of the PK activity in virus replication, we studied an HSV type 2 (HSV-2) mutant with a deletion in the RR1 PK domain (ICP10DeltaPK). ICP10DeltaPK expressed a 95-kDa RR1 protein (p95) which was PK negative but retained the ability to complex with the small RR subunit, RR2. Its RR activity was similar to that of HSV-2. In dividing cells, onset of virus growth was delayed, with replication initiating at 10 to 15 h postinfection, depending on the multiplicity of infection. In addition to the delayed growth onset, virus replication was significantly impaired (1,000-fold lower titers) in nondividing cells, and plaque-forming ability was severely compromised. The RR1 protein expressed by a revertant virus [HSV-2(R)] was structurally and functionally similar to the wild-type protein, and the virus had wild-type growth and plaque-forming properties. The growth of the ICP10DeltaPK virus and its plaque-forming potential were restored to wild-type levels in cells that constitutively express ICP10. Immediate-early (IE) genes for ICP4, ICP27, and ICP22 were not expressed in Vero cells infected with ICP10DeltaPK early in infection or in the presence of cycloheximide, and the levels of ICP0 and p95 were significantly (three- to sevenfold) lower than those in HSV-2- or HSV-2(R)-infected cells. IE gene expression was similar to that of the wild-type virus in cells that constitutively express ICP10. The data indicate that ICP10 PK is required for early expression of the viral regulatory IE genes and, consequently, for timely initiation of the protein cascade and HSV-2 growth in cultured cells.
Digital Waveform Generator and Potentistat Controller for Pulse Electrochemical Techniques (1986)

ABSTRACT An instrument which uses two computers operating in parallel for waveform generation, data acquisition, and general control of an electrochemical potentiostat is described. It is presently programmed to perform eight different pulse methods, but other methods can be tried and then included in the program, if desired. Liquid or solid electrodes, either dropping or stationary, may be used. Step times down to 31 μs (sweep rates in excess of 100 V/s) are available with total timing errors of less than 20 ns. Exact control of step time, time between step application and current integration, length of integration, and delay between drop fall and experiment beginning is provided. Different values of the above parameters, except for drop fall delay, may be selected for the anodic and cathodic steps in differential methods, allowing unsymmetrical operation. Circuits to provide drop profile data in tast polarography and to record drop times for surface tension measurements are included.
Regulation of interferon and Toll‐like receptor signaling during macrophage activation by opposing feedforward and feedback inhibition mechanisms (2008)

Activated macrophages and their inflammatory products play a key role in innate immunity and in pathogenesis of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. Macrophage activation needs to be tightly regulated to rapidly mount responses to infectious challenges but to avoid toxicity associated with excessive activation. Rapid and potent macrophage activation is driven by cytokine-mediated feedforward loops, while excessive activation is prevented by feedback inhibition. Here we discuss feedforward mechanisms that augment macrophage responses to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and cytokines that are mediated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). IFN-gamma also drives full macrophage activation by inactivating feedback inhibitory mechanisms, such as those mediated by interleukin-10 (IL-10), and STAT3. Priming of macrophages with IFN-gamma reprograms cellular responses to other cytokines, such as type I IFNs and IL-10, with a shift toward pro-inflammatory STAT1-dominated responses. Similar but partially distinct priming effects are induced by other cytokines that activate STAT1, including type I IFNs and IL-27. We propose a model whereby opposing feedforward and feedback inhibition loops crossregulate each other to fine tune macrophage activation. In addition, we discuss how dysregulation of the balance between feedforward and feedback inhibitory mechanisms can contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Reprogramming events of mammalian somatic cells induced by <i>Xenopus laevis</i> egg extracts (2007)

Abstract It is known that differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to an undifferentiated state in oocyte cytoplasm after nuclear transfer. Recently, some reports suggested that Xenopus egg extracts have the ability to reprogram mammalian somatic cells. Reprogramming events of mammalian cells after Xenopus egg extract treatment and after cell culture of extract‐treated cells have not been elucidated. In this experiment, we examined reprogramming events in reversibly permeabilized or nonpermeabilized porcine fibroblast cells after Xenopus egg extract treatment. The Xenopus egg‐specific histone B4 was assembled on porcine chromatin and nuclear lamin LIII was incorporated into nuclei. Deacetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 in extract‐treated cells was detected in nonpermeabilized cells, suggesting that a part of reprogramming may be induced even in nonpermeabilized cells. Following culture of extract‐treated cells, the cells began to express the pluripotent marker genes such as POU5F1 ( OCT4 ) and SOX2 and to form colonies. Reactivation of the OCT4 gene in extract‐treated cells was also confirmed in bovine fibroblasts transformed with an OCT4‐EGFP construct. These results suggest that nuclei of mammalian cells can be partially reprogrammed to an embryonic state by Xenopus egg extracts and the remodeled cells partly dedifferentiate after cell culture. A system using egg extracts may be useful for understanding the mechanisms and processes of dedifferentiation and reprogramming of mammalian somatic cells after nuclear transfer. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1268–1277, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrochemistry of Acids on Platinum. Application to the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in the Presence of Pyridinium Ion in Water (2013)

A detailed cyclic voltammetric investigation of the reduction of moderately weak acids on platinum reveals that they are reduced in two steps: one involving the hydrated protons initially present at equilibrium and the second the reduction of the acid through its prior conversion into hydrated protons. The reduction of pyridinium ions (protonated pyridine) follows this reaction scheme as does any other acid of similar pK (e.g., acetic acid). Rather than being catalytically reduced, CO2 plays a similar role through its prior conversion to carbonic acid. No trace of methanol or formate could be detected upon preparative-scale electrolysis of CO2 on the same electrode in the presence of pyridinium ions.
The homotopy continuation method to approach voltage collapse of electric power systems (2002)

The voltage collapse phenomena in a power system has been attributed to a lack of sufficient reactive power reserve when the power system experiences a heavy load or severe contingencies. A homotopy continuation method is presented to approach the voltage collapse point by tracing the system operating condition even near or at the system bifurcation point when some system parameters vary. The model employed includes the internal and the terminal buses of the generator and the IEEE type-1 excitation system. The phenomena of voltage collapse are analyzed on a three-bus power system which is augmented by an IEEE type-1 excitation system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>