gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RELEASE OF AN ACTIVE SODIUM TRANSPORT INHIBITOR (ASTI) FROM RAT HYPOTHALAMIC CELLS IN CULTURE (1984)

To investigate the hypothesis whether the hypothalamus releases an active (ouabain-sensitive) sodium transport inhibitor, we cultured hypothalamic and cortical cells from day 17 fetal rats. Culture media from hypothalamic cells reduced the total erythrocyte sodium efflux rate constant from 0.487 +/- (SE) 0.014 to 0.408 +/- 0.013 (P less than 0.001), and the ouabain-sensitive rate constant from 0.305 +/- 0.015 to 0.240 +/- 0.016 (P less than 0.01). Hypothalamic media also showed a dose-dependent displacement of [3H]-ouabain-binding to erythrocyte membranes. Neither cortical nor conditioned media (incubated without cells) had any effect. Various well-characterized hormones of hypothalamic origin failed to inhibit sodium efflux rate constant. These studies demonstrate that fetal rat hypothalamic cells contain and release a factor which inhibits sodium transport in human erythrocytes.
System architecture for psychological customization of communication technology (2004)

Personalization is a process that changes the functionality, interface, information content, or appearance of a system to increase its personal relevance to an individual. Personalization systems accommodate individual's needs and interests explicitly through changes and selections initiated by the user, and implicitly through automatic adaptation techniques. Currently most of the emphasis in personalization systems is geared towards the utilitarian aspects of personalized information delivery. However, what is lacking is the customization of information based on its likely emotional and cognitive effects on different users of communication technology. Information presented to individual users or a group of users may be customized on the basis of the immediate emotional and cognitive types of psychological effects it is likely to enable or create in certain individuals or groups. Both content and its way of presentation (modality, visual layouts, ways of interaction, structure) may be varied. Despite obvious complexities empirical evidence suggests that the way of presenting information to certain psychological profiles has predictable psychological effects. For instance, one may facilitate positive emotion for users with certain personality type or more efficient learning for certain cognitive styles. This is the basic concept of mind-based technologies. Psychological customization may be considered an operationalization and technique of implementing the concept of mind-based technologies in system design. Psychological customization may be used for controlling social interaction-centric and individual-centric influence of the content and way of presentation of information on consequent and transient emotional and cognitive effects. This paper explores the design space and presents a basic system architecture to implement psychological customization.
Bone Density and Ash Studies in Avian Osteopetrosis (1982)

Bone density and ash were measured in diaphyses of osteopetrotic and normal chicken tibiotarsi. In lesions of less than one year's duration, osteopetrotic bone was less dense than disease-free bone. The new osteopetrotic bone yielded approximately the same ash content per unit bone dry weight, as did disease-free bone of comparable age, but there was consistently less ash per unit bone wet volume in the diseased bones. This indicates that, in its early stages, osteopetrosis is characterized by spongy bone that lacks dense mineral deposition.
Early Surfactant Guided by Lamellar Body Counts on Gastric Aspirate in Very Preterm Infants (2013)

Using LBC test as indicator of lung maturity and early surfactant therapy in very preterm newborns, it is possible to reduce the need for oxygen supplementation.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Aldoxorubicin in an Intracranial Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Glioblastoma (2014)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with a median survival of 12 to 15 months after diagnosis. Acquired chemoresistance, high systemic toxicity, and low penetration of the blood brain barrier by many anticancer drugs contribute to the failure of anti-GBM therapies. To circumvent some of these obstacles, we tested a novel prodrug approach to evaluate anti-GBM efficacy by utilizing serum albumin-binding doxorubicin (Doxo), aldoxorubicin (Aldoxo), which is less toxic, is released from albumin in an acidic environment and accumulates in tumor tissues. A human GBM cell line that expresses a luciferase reporter (U87-luc) was stereotactically injected into the left striatum of the brain of immunodeficient mice. Following initial tumor growth for 12 days, mice were injected once a week in the tail-vein with Aldoxo [24 mg/kg or 18 mg/kg of doxorubicin equivalents-3/4 maximum tolerated dose (MTD)], Doxo [6 mg/kg (3/4 MTD)], or vehicle. Aldoxo-treated mice demonstrated significantly slower growth of the tumor when compared to vehicle-treated or Doxo-treated mice. Five out of eight Aldoxo-treated mice remained alive more than 60 days with a median survival of 62 days, while the median survival of vehicle- and Doxo-treated mice was only 26 days. Importantly, Aldoxo-treated mice exhibited high levels of Doxo within the tumor tissue, accompanied by low tumor cell proliferation (Ki67) and abundant intratumoral programmed cell death (cleaved caspase-3). Effective accumulation of Aldoxo in brain tumor tissues but not normal brain, its anti-tumor efficacy, and low toxicity, provide a strong rationale for evaluating this novel drug conjugate as a treatment for patients afflicted with GBM.
Changes in Levels of Serum Insulin, C-Peptide and Glucose after Electroacupuncture and Diet Therapy in Obese Women (2006)

Our purpose was to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) therapy on body weight and on levels of serum insulin, c-peptide and glucose in obese women. 52 healthy women were included in this study and were allocated into three groups: 1) Placebo EA group (n = 15; mean age = 41.8 +/- 4.6 and mean body mass index {BMI} = 33.2 +/- 3.5); 2) EA group (n = 20; mean age = 42.1 +/- 4.4 and BMI = 35.9 +/- 3.6) and 3) Diet restriction group (n = 20; mean age = 42.9 +/- 4.3 and BMI = 34.7 +/- 2.7). EA was applied to the ear points Hunger and Shen Men on alternating days and to the body points LI 4, LI 11, St 36 and St 44 once a day for 30 minutes over 20 days. Diet restriction that entailed a 1450 kilocalorie (kcal) diet program was applied to the three groups for 20 days. An increase in weight loss was observed when weight loss in the EA group (p < 0.000) was compared to that in the diet restricted and placebo EA groups using the Tukey HSD test. There were increases in the serum insulin (p < 0.001) and c-peptide levels (p < 0.000) in the women treated with EA compared to those in the women treated with the placebo EA and diet restriction groups. A decrease was observed in the glucose levels (p < 0.01) in both the EA and diet restriction groups compared to those in the placebo EA group. Our results suggest that EA therapy is an effective method in treating obesity. EA therapy also helps serum glucose levels to decrease through the increase of serum insulin and c-peptide levels.
The effect of two urea-containing creams on dry, eczematous skin in atopic patients. I. Expert, patient and instrumental evaluation (1999)

The management of atopic dermatitis includes moisturizing creams, although scientific studies of their influence on the skin are scarce. In the present randomized double-blind study, the effects of a new moisturizing cream were compared with those of an already registered medicinal cream in the treatment of dry, eczematous skin in atopic patients, using multiple methods. The new cream contained 5% urea as active substance and the established licensed cream contained 4% urea and 4% sodium chloride as active ingredients. The new cream was studied in 25 patients and the established cream was tested in 23 patients.The patients were asked to apply the cream to dry, eczematous areas at least once daily for 30 days. At inclusion in the study and after 15 and 30 days of treatment the severity of the dry skin was evaluated by a dermatologist, assessed by the patients and measured in terms of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin capacitance. Both groups improved during the study, but no statistically significent differences between them were found. This multi-parametric approach covers different aspects of skin dryness and provides the possibility of evaluating treatment effects in a cost-effective way.
25.2: Analysis and Improvement of Viewing Conditions for Two‐View and Multi‐View Displays (2009)

Abstract By analyzing the viewing conditions of two‐view and multi‐view 3D displays, it is possible to expand the display observation area and improve the viewing conditions of 3D images.
A database taxonomy based on data-driven knowledge modeling (2006)

Taking a cue from data mining, the author employs a data model to capture data and its relationships in an RDBMS in order to create a database taxonomy. The combination of this data model and its mapping algorithms transform selected lists of data, or information, into an explicit knowledge representation. End-users view this taxonomy from a client interface that functions like database navigation structure. These advances redefine database access, as we know them, by enabling end-users to browse and explore database content. More importantly, this data-driven knowledge modeling capability lays the foundation for solving other, more challenging data access issues, namely machine-mediated access and database interoperability.
An organoantimony catalyst for peptide synthesis; preparation and aminolysis of triphenylantimony bis(aminoacylate)s (1988)

Abstract Triphenylantimony bis(aminoacylate)s [Ph 3 Sb(OA) 2 , A = ZGly, ZPhe, ZLeu, BzPhe] were prepared by direct condensation between triphenylstibine oxide and N ‐protected amino‐acids in acetone. The aminolysis of these antimony aminoacylates by amino‐acid esters gave corresponding dipeptides, which lead to a catalytic dipeptide synthesis using triphenylstibine oxide as a catalytic precursor of the antimony aminoacylate in situ .
Parylene flexible neural probe with micro fluidic channel (2004)

A flexible neural probe with an integrated fluidic channel is proposed. Since parylene thin film is used as the main structure, the probe is sufficiently flexible to perform a less invasive implant for neural recording. The micro fluidic channel of this probe can be used not only to inject certain chemicals into biological tissues but also to improve mechanical stiffness prior to the insertion when the channel is filled with rigid polymer, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), which is dissolved into the tissues. We have succeeded in inserting the probe into a rat's brain and measuring the neural signals from it.
국가 거버넌스의 평가를 위한 분석틀 (2014)

사회구조의 복잡화와 개인욕구의 다양화와 함께 기존의 통치(government) 가 각종 사회문제를 해결하는 데 한계를 드러냄에 따라 거버넌스(governance) 가 새로운 정치 혹은 행정 패러다임으로 등장하고 있다. 그러나 거버넌스 실행 에서 거버넌스가 제대로 운영되지 못해 거버넌스가 지향하는 가치가 제대로 실현되지 못하고 있다. 따라서 거버넌스의 효과에...
Shared Decision Making in Uncomplicated Appendicitis (2016)

This commentary discusses a cohort study published in JAMA Surgery that investigated the role of shared decision making in nonsurgical vs surgical management of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children.
<i>In vitro</i> characterization of a slow release system of polylactic acid and rhBMP2 (2007)

The aim of the present report was to test a system for controlled release of recombinant human bone morphogenic protein (rhBMP2) incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) implants. Incorporation of rhBMP2 into the polymer was accomplished by mixing rhBMP2 solution with granular powder of amorphous poly-DL-lactic acid, subsequent lyophilization, and high pressure CO(2) treatment at 100 bar. Porous cylindrical implants of 8 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness were fabricated with 100, 200, 400, and 800 microg BMP2/g polymer and submitted to in vitro testing. Polymer degradation was assessed during immersion of PLA implants into PBS for 176 days by measuring the inherent viscosity at days 0, 99, and 131. BMP2 release was evaluated by immersion of both the lyophilized powder and the implants into cell culture medium for up to 27 days. BMP2 release was assessed using a custom made ELISA. The biological activity of the released growth factor was determined by measuring the induction of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in C2C12 cells. There was a significant retardation in the release of BMP2 from the implants compared to the granular powder. Detectable amounts of BMP2 were found for all concentrations of BMP2 until the end of the observation period. Significant induction of AP was detected by BMP released from the implants after 3, 6, and 9 days. The present in-vitro study has shown that incorporation of rhBMP2 into PLA implants with subsequent slow release of biologically active growth factor is possible.
Remedial action plan and site design for stabilization of the inactive uranium mill tailings site at Lakeview, Oregon: Volume 1, Text and appendices A through D. Final report: Revision 1 (1992)

The Lakeview inactive uranium processing site is in Lake County, Oregon, approximately one mile northwest of the town of Lakeview, sixteen miles north of the California-Oregon border, and 96 miles east of Klamath Falls. The total designated site covers an area of 258 acres consisting of a tailings pile (30 acres). seven evaporation ponds (69 acres), the mill buildings, and related structures. The mill buildings and other structures have been decontaminated and are currently being used by Goose Lake Lumber Company. The tailings pile at the processing site was originally stabilized by Atlantic Richfield with an earthen cover 18--24 inches thick. The average depth of the tailings, including the cover, varied from six to eight feet. There were estimated to be 662,000 cubic yards of tailings, windblown contaminated materials, and vicinity property materials. During remedial action under the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project, approximately 264,000 cubic yards of additional contaminated materials were identified from excavations required to remove thorium- and arsenic-contaminated soils. The remedial action for the Lakeview site consisted of the cleanup, relocation, consolidation, and stabilization of all residual radioactive materials and thorium- and arsenic-contaminated materials in a partially below-grade disposal cell at a location approximately sevenmore » miles northwest of the tailings site, identified as the Collins Ranch site. A cover, including a radon/infiltration barrier and rock layer for protection from erosion, was Placed on top of the tailings. A rock-soil matrix covers the topslope and provides a growth medium for vegetation. The US Department of Energy (DOE) will retain the license and surveillance and maintenance responsibilities for the final restricted site of 13 acres.« less
Mobile Video Perception: New Insights and Adaptation Strategies (2014)

It is now a common knowledge for mobile users to notice that the video viewing experience for the same device and same content can be dramatically different. The main reason for such difference is the dynamic viewing environment of mobile device which may change from indoor to outdoor or from walking to riding in a traveling vehicle. In this paper, we report our recent study on how mobile video perception is different from conventional TV viewing experiences in the living room and on which adaption strategy we can take to generate video bitstreams that matches better with the dynamic viewing environment. We first identify several key factors that would impact the mobile video perception, including display size and viewing distance, surrounding luminance, and body movement. These factors will be evaluated by context-aware subjective tests specifically designed to quantify the correlations between these factors and the viewing experience. Based on such evaluation, we develop a mobile video quality assessment tool to measure the just noticeable distortion in a given viewing environment. With appropriate rate adaptation to viewing context parameters, we show that an environment-aware video bit-stream preparation is able to enhance mobile video experience by exploiting inherent video signal redundancy under a given viewing context. Such adaptation can also reduce the bitrate requirement by an average of 30%.
Stereoselective Cycloadditions of Chiral Acyl-Nitroso Compounds (1989)

The oxidation of two hydroxamic acids, both derived from mandelic acid, in the presence of dienes produces adducts derived from the cycloaddition of the diene and intermediate acylnitroso compound in good yield, and with good to high diastereoselectivity.
Cellular uptake and intracellular fate of engineered nanoparticles: A review on the application of imaging techniques (2010)

The use of imaging tools to probe nanoparticle-cell interactions will be crucial to elucidating the mechanisms of nanoparticle-induced toxicity. Of particular interest are mechanisms associated with cell penetration, translocation and subsequent accumulation inside the cell, or in cellular compartments. The objective of the present paper is to review imaging techniques that have been previously used in order to assess such interactions, and new techniques with the potential to be useful in this area. In order to identify the most suitable techniques, they were evaluated and matched against a list of evaluation criteria. We conclude that limitations exist with all of the techniques and the ultimate choice will thus depend on the needs of end users, and their particular application. The state-of-the-art techniques appear to have the least limitations, despite the fact that they are not so well established and still far from being routine. For example, super-resolution microscopy techniques appear to have many advantages for understanding the details of the interactions between nanoparticles and cells. Future research should concentrate on further developing or improving such novel techniques, to include the development of standardized methods and appropriate reference materials.
Mechanical properties of human skin equivalents submitted to cyclic tensile forces (1998)

The P-Δ indentation curves obtained from a loading history give valuable characteristics that allow accurate description of the mechanical behavior of tissue engineered skins during their optimization process for transplantation or experimental purposes.
MRI of Rabbit Atherosclerosis in Response to Dietary Cholesterol Lowering (1999)

Direct imaging of the atherosclerotic plaque, rather than the angiographic lumen, may provide greater insight into the response of atherosclerosis to cholesterol-lowering therapy. Aortic plaque was studied in vivo by MRI in rabbits undergoing dietary cholesterol intervention. Thirty-one rabbits underwent aortic balloon injury and high-cholesterol diet for 4 months and then were assigned to low-cholesterol versus continued high-cholesterol diet for up to an additional 16 months. High-resolution (310 micrometer) fast spin-echo MRI of the abdominal aorta was performed at 4, 12, and 20 months and compared with histology. MRI demonstrated a significant reduction in % area stenosis in rabbits placed on low-cholesterol diet (44.6+/-2. 1% at 20 months versus 55.8+/-1.5% at 4 months, P=0.0002). In contrast, % area stenosis increased in rabbits maintained on high-cholesterol diet (69.8+/-3.8% at 20 months versus 55.8+/-1.5% at 4 months, P=0.001). Similarly, plaque thickness decreased significantly in the low-cholesterol group (0.60+/-0.05 mm at 20 months versus 0.85+/-0.06 mm at 4 months, P=0.006), with a trend toward increase in the high-cholesterol group (1.02+/-0.08 mm at 20 months versus 0.85+/-0.06 mm at 4 months, P=0.1). Thus, in rabbits undergoing dietary cholesterol lowering, MRI detected regression of aortic atherosclerotic plaque in vivo. Plaque progression was seen with maintenance of high-cholesterol diet. MRI is a promising noninvasive technology for directly imaging atherosclerosis and its response to therapeutic interventions.
The Kaposin B Protein of KSHV Activates the p38/MK2 Pathway and Stabilizes Cytokine mRNAs (2005)

Cytokine production plays a critical role in diseases caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Here we show that a latent KSHV gene product, kaposin B, increases the expression of cytokines by blocking the degradation of their messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Cytokine transcripts are normally unstable because they contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3' noncoding regions that target them for degradation. Kaposin B reverses this instability by binding to and activating the kinase MK2, a target of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and a known inhibitor of ARE-mRNA decay. These findings define an important mechanism linking latent KSHV infection to cytokine production, and also illustrate a distinctive mode by which viruses can selectively modulate mRNA turnover.
Perfect surface crystallization and parasitic structures in nonstoichiometric glass-ceramics: Micro-/nanoscopic aspects (2013)

Uniform and highly oriented crystalline layers with submillimeter thickness have been demonstrated recently by crystallization in nonstoichiometric precursor glass, i.e., perfectly surface-crystallized glass-ceramics (PSC-GCs). Although the origin of PSC in the SrO−TiO2−SiO2 system was interpreted by the presence of SiO2-rich amorphous nanoparasites on the crystalline domains [Takahashi et al., Sci. Rep. 3, 1147 (2013)], an essential question arose: Is the parasitic structure in PSC-GCs special or natural? To answer it, we prepared PSC samples from other ternary titanosilicate systems and conducted micro- and nanoscopic observations. We found the conditions necessary for PSC by combining our results with previous PSC studies.
Low complexity equalizers for US Digital Cellular System (2003)

Three low-complexity equalizer algorithms which meet all the US digital cellular (USDC) system performance specifications (IS-54) with a margin are presented. For the proposed equalizers, the BER performance results, under IS-54 stipulated multipath and fading conditions, including the effect of AWGN and cochannel interference, are provided. The effect of sample timing estimation, frequency offsets corrections, and practical IF filter distortion are included in the simulations. The results show that mobile radio equalizers, of fairly low complexity ( >
Stabilized Zirconias Prepared by Mechanical Alloying (1993)

Cubic zirconias stabilized by various additive oxides have been obtained by mechanical alloying using high‐energy ball‐milling. Starting materials are powders of monoclinic zirconia mixed with magnesia, calcia, or yttria. Solid‐state reaction is induced by ball‐milling and, under given experimental conditions, a single phase consisting of cubic‐zirconia nanocrystals is prepared from constituent oxides. Energy dispersive analyses in electron microscopy on ball‐milled powders confirm that cubic zirconias have the composition corresponding to that of starting powders.