gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable, p<scp>H</scp>‐<scp>R</scp>esponsive Carboxymethyl Cellulose/<scp>P</scp>oly(<scp>A</scp>crylic Acid) Hydrogels for Oral Insulin Delivery (2013)

Biodegradable and pH-responsive carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(acrylic acid) hybrid hydrogels are synthesized. The hydrogels deswell in acidic artificial gastric fluid (AGF) but rapidly swell in neutral artificial intestinal fluid (AIF), rendering selective enzymatic degradation of the gels as well as accelerated drug release from insulin-loaded hydrogels in AIF. Oral administration of insulin-loaded hydrogels to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats leads to a continuous decline in the fasting blood glucose level within 6 h post-administration, and the relative pharmacological availability increases more than 10 times compared to oral administration of free insulin solution. The relative bioavailability of hydrogel-encapsulated insulin after oral administration to healthy rabbits is 6.6%.
Distortions of synthesized views caused by compression of views and depth maps (2009)

The paper deals with prospective 3D video transmission systems that would use compression of both multiview video and depth maps. The paper addresses the problem of quality of views synthesized from other views transmitted together with depth information. For the state-of-the-art depth map estimation and view synthesize techniques, the paper proves that AVC/SVC-based Multiview Video Coding technique can be used for compression of both view pictures and depth maps. The paper reports extensive experiments where synthesized video quality has been estimated by use of both PSNR index and subjective assessment. Defined is the critical value of depth quantization parameter as a function of the reference view quantization parameter. For smaller depth map quantization parameters, depth map compression has negligible influence on fidelity of synthesized views.
Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in detection of benign or malignant breast disease in women (1999)

Using a highly sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, we have evaluated the measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a potential diagnostic test for differentiation between women with breast cancer and those with benign breast disease. In a controlled study consisting of 284 women with well-documented patient files and matched for age and long-term place of residence, serum samples collected from 90 women with histologically confirmed breast cancer, 94 women with benign breast disease and 100 controls were analysed. Serum total PSA levels in benign breast disease and cancer patients are not statistically different from those of healthy controls. Total PSA levels decrease with age in normal controls and breast cancer patients but not in those with benign breast disease. The total PSA concentration decreases after menopause in healthy women, though not in patients with breast cancer or benign breast disease. Total PSA bore no relation to the histological type or grade of the tumour or the disease stage of the breast cancer patients. In benign breast disease, all mastopathy patients had normal total PSA, whereas elevation of the values was observed in 7% of fibroadenoma patients. Our results show that serum total PSA cannot be used to distinguish between healthy women and/or women with breast cancer or benign breast disease.
SOCIAL POLICY. By T. H. Marshall. New York: Hillary House, 1965. 192 pp. $3.00 (1966)

Journal Article Social Policy. By T. H. Marshall. New York: Hillary House, 1965. 192 pp. $3.00 Get access Arnold M. Rose Arnold M. Rose University of Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 44, Issue 3, March 1966, Page 424, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/44.3.424 Published: 01 March 1966
Highly Efficient and Specific Gene Transfer to Purkinje Cells <i>In Vivo</i> Using a Herpes Simplex Virus I Amplicon (2002)

The transduction of cerebellar neurons in vivo with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) amplicon carrying the lacZ gene has been investigated after injection of the vector in the cerebellar cortex, ventricles, and inferior olive of adult rats. Injection into the cerebellar cortex resulted in transduction of Purkinje cells near the needle tract and injection into the ventricles yielded no transduced neurons. In contrast, high transduction efficiency was achieved by vector injection into the inferior olive, resulting in one of three positive Purkinje cells all over the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebellar hemispheres. Because neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei are also transduced, we suggest that the vector is delivered from the inferior olive to the cerebellar nuclei and then to Purkinje cells by retrograde axonal transport. Expression of the lacZ gene within Purkinje cells was surprisingly persistent and was maintained at the same level for at least 40 days. Importantly, no signs of either toxicity or inflammation were observed in the cerebellum after vector injection, except for the borders of the needle tract where some reactive astrocytes were detected. Indeed, motor coordination of treated animals was entirely normal, as assessed by the rota-rod test. These results demonstrate that HSV-1 amplicon vectors can effect safe and stable transgene expression in Purkinje cells in vivo, raising the possibility of using these vectors for long-term gene therapy of human cerebellar disorders.
Automatic Multi-Layer Red-Eye Detection (2006)

Red-eye is a frequently encountered problem caused by flash reflection bouncing back into the camera from a person's retina. In this paper, we propose a two-stage automatic red-eye detection method. At the first stage, a series of heuristic filters are used to rapidly remove impossible regions according to constraints on color, smoothness, and size. A multi-layer process is applied at this stage to prevent the influence of surrounding redness of the eye. Moreover, at each layer, the approximate size of pupil can be decided automatically without multi-scaling. At the second stage, an SVM classifier that was trained for eye detection is applied to confirm the remaining candidate regions. Some experimental results on real images show the performance of the propose algorithm.
Inhibition of Preprotein Translocation and Reversion of the Membrane Inserted State of SecA by a Carboxyl Terminus Binding MAb (1997)

SecA is the peripheral subunit of the preprotein translocase of Escherichia coli. SecA consists of two independently folding domains, i.e., the N-domain bearing the high-affinity nucleotide binding site (NBS-I) and the C-domain that harbors the low-affinity NBS-II. ATP induces SecA insertion into the membrane during preprotein translocation. Domain-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed to analyze the functions of the SecA domains in preprotein translocation. The antigen binding sites of the obtained mAbs were confined to five epitopes. One of the mAbs, i.e., mAb 300-1K5, recognizes an epitope in the C-domain in a region that has been implicated in membrane insertion. This mAb, either as IgG or as Fab, completely inhibits in vitro proOmpA translocation and SecA translocation ATPase activity. It prevents SecA membrane insertion and, more strikingly, reverses membrane insertion and promotes the release of SecA from the membrane. Surface plasmon resonance measurements demonstrate that the mAb recognizes the ADP- and the AMP-PNP-bound state of SecA either free in solution or bound at the membrane at the SecYEG protein. It is concluded that the mAb actively reverses a conformation essential for membrane insertion of SecA. The other mAbs directed to various epitopes in the N-domain were found to be without effect, although all bind the native SecA. These results demonstrate that the C-domain plays an important role in the SecA membrane insertion, providing further evidence that this process is needed for preprotein translocation.
Studies on the defect underlying the lysosomal storage of sialic acid in Salla disease. Lysosomal accumulation of sialic acid formed from N-acetyl-mannosamine or derived from low density lipoprotein in cultured mutant fibroblasts. (1986)

Salla disease is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by mental retardation and disturbed sialic acid metabolism. To study endogenous synthesis and breakdown of sialic acid, fibroblasts were incubated for 5 d in the presence and then in the absence of N-[3H]acetylmannosamine. Labeling of free sialic acid was 5-10 times higher in mutant than in normal cells. Radioactivity decreased in 4 d by 75% in normal but only by 30% in mutant fibroblasts. The labeling pattern was not normalized upon coculture of mutant and normal cells. To study the metabolism of extracellular sialic acid, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was labeled in the sialic acid moiety (periodate-NaB3H4) or in the protein moiety (125I). Binding, internalization, lysosomal degradation, and exit of products of protein catabolism were similar in normal and mutant fibroblasts. Upon incubation with LDL labeled in the sialic acid moiety, mutant cells accumulated 2-3 times more free sialic acid radioactivity than normal fibroblasts, mostly in the lysosomal fraction. After a 24-h chase incubation, radioactivity in free sialic acid decreased by 70-80% in normal but only by 10-30% in mutant cells. In mutant fibroblasts, 40% of the radioactivity remained in lysosomes, whereas no labeled free sialic acid was detected in lysosomes from normal fibroblasts. We conclude that in Salla disease, fibroblast endogenous synthesis of sialic acid and lysosomal cleavage of exogenous glycoconjugates is normal, but free sialic acid cannot leave the lysosome. These findings suggest that the basic defect in Salla disease is deficient transport of free sialic acid through the lysosomal membrane.
Revisions of Structural Assignments for l-Methyl-(3 and 5)-amino-4-nitropyrazoles and Related Compounds (1971)

Amino proton chemical shifts recorded for the compounds described as 5-amino-1-methyl-4-nitropyrazole and the 3-amino isomer (3) are inconsistent with charge densities calculated from simple H.m.o. treatments.Unequivocal synthesis of 5-amino-1-methyl-4-nitropyrazole from 5-amino-1-methylpyrazole proves that the assignments should be interchanged; the structures of compounds derived from these amino-nitropyrazoles are revised accordingly.
Fabrication of a GaAs-AlGaAs GRIN-SCH SQW laser diode on silicon by epitaxial lift-off (1991)

The epitaxial liftoff (ELO) of a GaAs-AlGaAs graded-index separate-confinement-heterostructure (GRIN-SCH) single-quantum-well (SQW) laser diode and the subsequent transfer to a Si substrate are described. It is the first time that a layer structure containing Al/sub 0.60/Ga/sub 0.40/As has been lifted off, and the 5- mu m thin film was cleaved after ELO by a novel process, called wedge-induced facet cleaving (WFC). The pulsed operation performance of the ELO WFC laser was similar to that of conventionally processed GRIN-SCH SQW lasers. These results hold promise for integrating III-V short-cavity lasers on arbitrary substrates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polymorphisms in the <i>SLC2A2</i> (GLUT2) Gene Are Associated With the Conversion From Impaired Glucose Tolerance to Type 2 Diabetes (2005)

Impaired insulin secretion is a fundamental defect in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes regulating insulin secretion (SLC2A2 [encoding GLUT2], GCK, TCF1 [encoding HNF-1alpha], HNF4A, GIP, and GLP1R) are associated with the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 diabetes in participants of the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. With the exception of SLC2A2, other genes were not associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. All four SNPs of SLC2A2 predicted the conversion to diabetes, and rs5393 (AA genotype) increased the risk of type 2 diabetes in the entire study population by threefold (odds ratio 3.04, 95% CI 1.34-6.88, P = 0.008). The risk for type 2 diabetes in the AA genotype carriers was increased in the control group (5.56 [1.78-17.39], P = 0.003) but not in the intervention group. We conclude that the SNPs of SLC2A2 predict the conversion to diabetes in obese subjects with IGT.
GeCCo: Finger gesture-based command and control for touch interfaces (2012)

With touch-based interfaces becoming commonplace on personal computing devices ranging from phones and slates to notebook and desktop PCs, a number of common tasks that were once performed using mouse or keyboard input now need to be performed using fingers on the touch surface. Finger-drawn gestures offer a viable alternative to desktop and keyboard shortcuts as shortcuts for common tasks such as launching of applications and navigation of large media collections. In order to be truly effective, the interface for definition, management and invocation of gestures should be highly intuitive, and optimized for the device. In particular, the process of invoking gestures should be seamless and natural. Further, the recognition of gestures needs to be robust for the specific user. In this paper, we describe GeCCo (Gesture Command and Control), a system for personalized finger gesture shortcuts for touch-enabled desktops and trackpad-enabled notebook PCs. One of the key issues addressed in the design of GeCCo is that of mode switching in the context of notebook PCs. We describe a user study to decide between different interactions for mode switching. The interactions are designed such that mode switch and gesture can be simultaneously indicated. Since new gestures may be defined by the user at any time, statistical pattern classification techniques which require large numbers of training samples for each gesture are not useful. Instead we use nearest-neighbor classification with Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) distance, and a writer adaptation scheme for improving accuracy to desired levels. We conclude the paper with experimental results and some thoughts on next steps.
Telecytopathology facilitates the use of rapid on-site evaluation in endoscopic ultraound fine needle aspiration of the pancreas to improve patient outcomes (2015)

Telecytopathology (TCP) has a variety of different applications in clinical practice and is becoming more widely utilized. Potential uses are broad and include second opinion consultation, primary diagnosis, educational/tumor board, and immediate fine-needle aspiration (FNA) interpretation. More recently, TCP use has been increasingly applied to the immediate evaluation of FNA biopsy adequacy evaluation. This process is generally known as rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). Khurana et al. reported their findings using TCP for ROSE in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) FNA of the pancreas.[1] They separated 217 patients into two cohorts. One cohort had on-site evaluation performed by a cytopathologist utilizing TCP. The other cohort did not have on-site evaluation. The TCP system utilized a commercially available passive live video from the microscope, obtained at the point of care (EUS gastrointestinal suite) and delivered to the attending cytopathologist in their office at a remote location. A cytotechnologist at the point of care operated the microscope. This was a retrospective study and the decision for ROSE versus non-ROSE was made by the gastroenterologist performing the endoscopy. Based on the on-site evaluation, it was possible for the TCP ROSE cohort to have additional passes performed, as deemed necessary for diagnosis. The majority of solid lesions were selected for TCP ROSE, and the majority of cystic lesions were not selected for TCP ROSE. The authors examined a variety of individual data points, including the nature of the lesion being evaluated (solid vs. cystic) and the diagnostic rates. The four major diagnostic categories included: (1) Nondiagnostic, (2) negative/benign, (3) atypical/suspicious, and (4) malignant. In solid lesions, the percentages for negative/benign and atypical/suspicious were similar in each cohort. Use of TCP ROSE favored solid lesions and had a nondiagnostic rate of 3.7% in comparison to a 25.6% nondiagnostic rate in the solid lesions without immediate evaluation. There was no statistical difference in nondiagnostic rates for cystic lesions between the two groups, although most did not have TCP ROSE (79/93). For all patients, after using multivariate logistic regression, the odds of a nondiagnostic sample were 6.9 times greater without the use of TCP ROSE.
Air flow technique for large scale dispersion and alignment of carbon nanotubes on various substrates (2005)

Herein we present a method to disperse and align carbon nanotubes on various substrate surfaces. Using the shear forces associated with a rapidly moving fluid, nanoscale objects were positioned in a direction corresponding to the flow vector of the fluid. Dispersion of carbon nanotubes on microaddressable electrodes via the gas flow method creates opportunities for scaling up the production of nanoscale devices. In this letter, we demonstrate the feasibility of the method and the electrical characterization results obtained after the fabrication of carbon nanotube testing structures.
Mapping intracellular mechanics on micropatterned substrates (2016)

The mechanical properties of cells impact on their architecture, their migration, intracellular trafficking, and many other cellular functions and have been shown to be modified during cancer progression. We have developed an approach to map the intracellular mechanical properties of living cells by combining micropatterning and optical tweezers-based active microrheology. We optically trap micrometer-sized beads internalized in cells plated on crossbow-shaped adhesive micropatterns and track their displacement following a step displacement of the cell. The local intracellular complex shear modulus is measured from the relaxation of the bead position assuming that the intracellular microenvironment of the bead obeys power-law rheology. We also analyze the data with a standard viscoelastic model and compare with the power-law approach. We show that the shear modulus decreases from the cell center to the periphery and from the cell rear to the front along the polarity axis of the micropattern. We use a variety of inhibitors to quantify the spatial contribution of the cytoskeleton, intracellular membranes, and ATP-dependent active forces to intracellular mechanics and apply our technique to differentiate normal and cancer cells.
On hyperfine frequency shifts caused by buffer gases: Application to the optically pumped passive rubidium frequency standard (1982)

Experiments are reported on the effect of buffer gases on the hyperfine frequency of rubidium 87 as used in passive rubidium frequency standards. In some mixtures of buffer gases a strong quadratic dependence of the frequency on temperature is observed. The data are explained by means of a phenomenological approach and with the help of data published previously on pure buffer gases. A comment is made on an article which appears to lead to doubtful conclusions.
Primary Vaccination with Low Dose Live Dengue 1 Virus Generates a Proinflammatory, Multifunctional T Cell Response in Humans (2012)

The four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1-DENV-4) have a large impact on global health, causing 50-100 million cases of dengue fever annually. Herein, we describe the first kinetic T cell response to a low-dose DENV-1 vaccination study (10 PFU) in humans. Using flow cytometry, we found that proinflammatory cytokines, IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2, were generated by DENV-1-specific CD4(+) cells 21 days post-DENV-1 exposure, and their production continued through the latest time-point, day 42 (p<0.0001 for all cytokines). No statistically significant changes were observed at any time-points for IL-10 (p = 0.19), a regulatory cytokine, indicating that the response to DENV-1 was primarily proinflammatory in nature. We also observed little T cell cross-reactivity to the other 3 DENV serotypes. The percentage of multifunctional T cells (T cells making ≥ 2 cytokines simultaneously) increased with time post-DENV-1 exposure (p<0.0001). The presence of multifunctional T cells together with neutralizing antibody data suggest that the immune response generated to the vaccine may be protective. This work provides an initial framework for defining primary T cell responses to each DENV serotype and will enhance the evaluation of a tetravalent DENV vaccine.
URTIs: recommended diagnosis and treatment in general practice (2013)

Abstract Although antibiotics have only a minor role to play in the management of most upper respiratory tract infections, it can be difficult to recognise when there might be serious complications. In our Drug review the authors describe the features and usual treatment of common URTIs, followed by sources of further information.
A Novel Augmented Graph Approach for Estimation in Localisation and Mapping (2009)

This thesis proposes the use of the augmented system form -a generalisation of the information form representing both observations and states.In conjunction with this, this thesis proposes a novel graph representation for the estimation problem together with a graph based linear direct solving algorithm.The augmented system form is a mathematical description of the estimation problem showing the states and observations.The augmented system form allows a more general range of factorisation orders among the observations and states, which is essential for constraints and is beneficial for sparsity and numerical reasons.The proposed graph structure is a novel sparse data structure providing more symmetric access and faster traversal and modification operations than the compressedsparse-column (CSC) sparse matrix format.The graph structure was developed as a fundamental underlying structure for the formulation of sparse estimation problems.This graph-theoretic representation replaces conventional sparse matrix representations for the estimation states, observations and their interconnections.This thesis contributes a new implementation of the indefinite LDL factorisation algorithm based entirely in the graph structure.This direct solving algorithm was developed in order to exploit the above new approaches of this thesis.The factorisation operations consist of accessing adjacencies and modifying the graph edges.The developed solving algorithm demonstrates the significant differences in the form and approach of the graph-embedded algorithm compared to a conventional matrix implementation.The contributions proposed in this thesis improve estimation methods by providing novel mathematical data structures used to represent states, observations and the sparse links between them.These offer improved flexibility and capabilities which are exploited in the solving algorithm.The contributions constitute a new framework for the development of future online and incremental solving, data association and analysis algorithms for online, large scale localisation and mapping.
Merging strategic and tactical planning in dynamic, uncertain environments (2003)

An approach to planning in dynamic and uncertain environments is presented. Planning is viewed as a process in which an agent's long-term goals are transformed into short-term tasks and objectives, given in the context of planning. The model allows for a dynamic balance between long-term strategic planning and short-term tactical planning. A combination of rules and scripts is used. Rules are used for reasoning about long-term strategic choices. Scripts are used for representing short-term tasks and objectives. The uncertainty calculi of RUM/PRIMO are used for supporting reasoning under uncertainty. In the proposed model, it is also possible to achieve seamless integration of case-based reasoning into the planning process. These ideas have been implemented in a system called MARS, which plans in the financial domain of mergers and acquisitions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>