gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapport with Virtual Agents: What Do Human Social Cues and Personality Explain? (2016)

Rapport has been recognized as an important aspect of relationship building. While rapport in the context of human-human interaction has been widely studied, how it can be established and maintained in human-agent interaction has been studied only recently. Our study investigates how social cues and personality of a human interacting with an agent can be used for automatic prediction of rapport in this context. We conduct experiments with two emotional virtual agents. Alongside the audio-visual data, we also collect human personality measures and two measures of rapport: self-reported rapport and rapport judged by observers. The social cues, such as turn-taking patterns and facial expressions are extracted from audio-visual data. Our results show that the most significant cues that infer the rapport judgments are the number of turn-taking cues and pauses. We also find that some of the significant social cues related to rapport are similar to those reported in previous psychology literature. We also confirm previous findings on how human personality plays an important role in perceiving the interaction with agents-people who score high in extraversion and agreeableness report higher rapport with both agents. Finally, the rapport prediction results suggest that automatic analysis of social phenomena in human-agent interaction could be a feasible method for agent evaluation.
Connectivity-Aware Routing (CAR) in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (2007)

Vehicular ad hoc networks using WLAN technology have recently received considerable attention. We present a position-based routing scheme called Connectivity-Aware Routing (CAR) designed specifically for inter-vehicle communication in a city and/or highway environment. A distinguishing property of CAR is the ability to not only locate positions of destinations but also to find connected paths between source and destination pairs. These paths are auto-adjusted on the fly, without a new discovery process. "Guards" help to track the current position of a destination, even if it traveled a substantial distance from its initially known location. For the evaluation of the CAR protocol we use realistic mobility traces obtained from a microscopic vehicular traffic simulator that is based on a model of driver behavior and the real road maps of Switzerland.
Enhanced enantioselectivity of an enzymatic reaction by the sulfur functional group. A simple preparation of optically active .beta.-hydroxy nitriles using a lipase (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnhanced enantioselectivity of an enzymatic reaction by the sulfur functional group. A simple preparation of optically active .beta.-hydroxy nitriles using a lipaseToshiyuki Itoh, Yumiko Takagi, and Shigenori NishiyamaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4, 1521–1524Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00004a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00004a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
microRNA Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Disease Models (2013)

Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of human morbidity and mortality, posing a high socioeconomic burden on the health sector worldwide. microRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a new class of unique molecular regulators involved in the pathophysiology of a wide range of disorders. Studies in the past decade have identified miRNA signatures of various cardiovascular disorders and successfully validated miRNA-based therapeutic options in various small and a few large experimental cardiovascular disease models. In these models, researchers manipulate the expression of miRNAs and downstream signaling cascades, aiming to prevent and cure cardiovascular disease. Here, we review and discuss the recent reports on the in vivo use of miRNA animal models and miRNA therapeutic development as well as provide an outlook for clinical applications in the near future.
Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: New Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy (2019)

Immunotherapy is a clinically validated treatment for many cancers to boost the immune system against tumor growth and dissemination. Several strategies are used to harness immune cells: monoclonal antibodies against tumor antigens, immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccination, adoptive cell therapies (e.g., CAR-T cells) and cytokine administration. In the last decades, it is emerging that the chemokine system represents a potential target for immunotherapy. Chemokines, a large family of cytokines with chemotactic activity, and their cognate receptors are expressed by both cancer and stromal cells. Their altered expression in malignancies dictates leukocyte recruitment and activation, angiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, and metastasis in all the stages of the disease. Here, we review first attempts to inhibit the chemokine system in cancer as a monotherapy or in combination with canonical or immuno-mediated therapies. We also provide recent findings about the role in cancer of atypical chemokine receptors that could become future targets for immunotherapy.
EVIDENCE FOR TRANSMISSION OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX AMONG A DUFFY ANTIGEN NEGATIVE POPULATION IN WESTERN KENYA (2006)

We present evidence that a parasite with characteristics of Plasmodium vivax is being transmitted among Duffy blood group-negative inhabitants of Kenya. Thirty-two of 4,901 Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus (0.65%) collected in Nyanza Province were ELISA positive for the P. vivax circumsporozoite protein VK 247. All positives were found late in the rainy season, when An. funestus predominated, and disproportionately many were found at a single village. A P. vivax specific sequence of the SSU rRNA gene was amplified from three of six ELISA-positive mosquitoes. Erythrocytes from 31 children, including 9 microscopically diagnosed as infected with P. vivax, were negative by flow cytometry for the Fy3 or Fy6 epitopes, which indicate Duffy blood group expression. A DNA fragment specific for the C terminus of the gene for P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) was amplified from the blood of four of these children and subsequently sequenced from two.
Immune response mediated by liposome-associated protein antigens. I. Potentiation of the plaque-forming cell response. (1982)

Mice, immunized with liposome-associated bovine serum albumin (LSM-BSA), showed a significantly higher BSA-specific plaque-forming cell (PFC) response than did mice injected with fluid BSA (fBSA). Physical association between the liposome carrier and the protein antigen is imperative for potentiating the PFC response, since the injection of empty liposomes, together with fBSA, was found to be ineffective in inducing an immune response. Liposome-associated protein antigen was found to be a potent stimulator of immunological memory, as demonstrated by the ability of LSM-BSA primed animals to generate a vigorous PFC response upon challenge with the weakly immunogenic fBSA. The injection of congenitally athymic homozygous nude (Nu/Nu) mice with LSM-BSA failed to induce significant antibody formation, whereas the heterozygous (Nu/+) littermates gave a normal PFC response to the same LSM-BSA preparation. Thus, BSA remains a T-cell-dependent antigen, despite its entrapment within liposomes, and T lymphocytes appear to play an obligatory role in providing synergistic interactions for eliciting a BSA-specific PFC response to the LSM-BSA.
Valid transformations: a new class of loop transformations for high-level synthesis and pipelined scheduling applications (1996)

In this paper we present a new class of loop optimizing transformations called valid transformations, which are suitable for fine-grain parallelization applications such as high-level synthesis of VLSI designs or compilers for super-scalar or VLIW machines. This class of transformations are different from existing ones in that valid transformations can be illegal. Nevertheless, if a transformation is valid, the transformed loop has a feasible pipeline schedule. We present an example valid transformation called loop expansion which can help produce cost-performance efficient designs and explore a larger design space for a satisfactory design. Several examples are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed technique.
Transforming the Language of Life: Transformer Neural Networks for Protein Prediction Tasks (2020)

A bstract The scientific community is rapidly generating protein sequence information, but only a fraction of these proteins can be experimentally characterized. While promising deep learning approaches for protein prediction tasks have emerged, they have computational limitations or are designed to solve a specific task. We present a Transformer neural network that pre-trains task-agnostic sequence representations. This model is fine-tuned to solve two different protein prediction tasks: protein family classification and protein interaction prediction. Our method is comparable to existing state-of-the art approaches for protein family classification, while being much more general than other architectures. Further, our method outperforms all other approaches for protein interaction prediction. These results offer a promising framework for fine-tuning the pre-trained sequence representations for other protein prediction tasks.
A 20-minute breath test for helicobacter pylori. (1991)

In this study, we evaluated a simplified rapid 14C-urea breath test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori. Fasting patients undergoing initial assessment for H. pylori drank 5 microCi of 14C-urea in 20 ml of water. Breath was collected at intervals for 30 min. Samples were counted in a beta-counter, and the results were expressed as counts per minute (cpm). In the same week, patients underwent endoscopy, and a blinded investigator examined biopsy samples of gastric mucosa by culture and histology for H. pylori. There were 49 H. pylori-negative (HP-) and 104 H. pylori-positive (HP+) patients in the study. HP+ patients expired a mean of 4398 cpm (SD 2468) per mmol CO2 in a sample taken 20 min after ingestion of the isotope. In contrast, HP--patients expired only 340 cpm (SD 196). If the mean +3 SD of HP- patients was used as a cutoff value, the 20-minute sample gave a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 100% for detecting H. pylori. The radiation exposure from this test is less than 1% of that received from an upper gastrointestinal series, and the short collection time makes it both convenient and cost effective.
LSTM-Based Whisper Detection (2018)

This article presents a whisper speech detector in the far-field domain. The proposed system consists of a long-short term memory (LSTM) neural network trained on log-filterbank energy (LFBE) acoustic features. This model is trained and evaluated on recordings of human interactions with voice-controlled, far-field devices in whisper and normal phonation modes. We compare multiple inference approaches for utterance-level classification by examining trajectories of the LSTM posteriors. In addition, we engineer a set of features based on the signal characteristics inherent to whisper speech, and evaluate their effectiveness in further separating whisper from normal speech. A benchmarking of these features using multilayer perceptrons (MLP) and LSTMs suggests that the proposed features, in combination with LFBE features, can help us further improve our classifiers. We prove that, with enough data, the LSTM model is indeed as capable of learning whisper characteristics from LFBE features alone compared to a simpler MLP model that uses both LFBE and features engineered for separating whisper and normal speech. In addition, we prove that the LSTM classifiers accuracy can be further improved with the incorporation of the proposed engineered features.
Design and challenges of passive UHF RFID tag in 90nm CMOS technology (2008)

This paper presents a low-power, passive, EPCtrade C1G2-compatible UHF RFID tag design implemented in a 90 nm CMOS technology. In order to reduce its cost, diode-connected NMOSFETs in a standard CMOS technology is used instead of Schottky diodes. A sub-1 V, low temperature-coefficient voltage reference, using self-biased mutual compensation without large resistors, is proposed to save the chip area. To minimize the substantial leakage power in this technology, the baseband processor is designed with sufficient margins for subthreshold power supply. An energy-aware scheme is also implemented. Better power saving is achieved by using the RF envelope as clock and control signal of gating clock.
Expression of <i>Reticulomyxa filosa</i> tubulins in <i>Pichia pastoris</i>: regulation of tubulin pools (1997)

We expressed the alpha2- and beta2-tubulin isoforms of the giant freshwater amoeba Reticulomyxa filosa in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Single expression lead to little or no detectable material. Coexpression of both tubulins, however, resulted in a significant increase of expressed proteins. At the same time, the detectable internal tubulins of the host yeast cell were downregulated. This finding indicates the functionality of the expressed amoeba tubulins. Further regulation phenomena were observed on the level of equilibrium between the two R. filosa tubulin isoforms and on the level of the total tubulin pool. The P. pastoris/R. filosa system therefore seems to be an accessible system for the simultaneous study of the various mechanisms involved in tubulin regulation.
Vaccination in murine schistosomiasis with adult worm derived antigens - II. Protective and immune response in inbred mice (1992)

Previous work in our laboratory, mainly focused the prospects of achieving resistance against Schistosoma mansoni infection with adult worm-derived antigens in the form of a soluble extract (SE). This extract obtained by incubation of living adult schistosomes in saline, contains a large number of distinct molecules and was actually shown to be significantly protective in different outbred animals models such as Swiss mice and rabbits. It thus appeared worthwhile to investigate the potential protective activity of SE in different inbred strains of mice, known to be highly susceptible to the infection. Herein we present data showing that DBA/2 mice, once immunized with SE acquire significant levels of resistance to a S. mansoni cercarial challenge. In addition, preliminary studies on the immune system of immunized animals revealed that, injection of SE caused no general imbalance of B or T cell responses.
The effect of silane hydrolysis on aluminum oxide dispersion stability in ceramics processing (2002)

Abstract The controlled hydrolysis of organosilanes has been shown to greatly influence both the surface adsorption of silanes on alumina powder, and the resultant dispersion stability of alumina in organic solvent slurries. Plateau adsorption concentrations from settling experiments show that complete surface coverage for hydrolyzed forms of both n-octyltrimethoxysilane (NOS) and N-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AAPS) is typically achieved at concentrations of approximately 6 μmol/m2. Moreover, the settling densities of dispersions prepared with hydrolyzed silanes are consistently higher than densities achieved with monomeric silanes alone (as seen in case studies involving NOS in toluene, and AAPS in isopropyl alcohol). Similarly, ceramic slips prepared with polystyrene and alumina, or with poly(isobutyl methacrylate) and alumina also lead to ceramic green bodies with increased densities when the slips are prepared with hydrolyzed silanes. In addition, solid state NMR and dynamic mechanical analyses of resultant green bodies reveal that the molecular motional behavior of these polymers is strongly influenced by the presence of hydrolyzed silanes. These results collectively add to a growing body of evidence which supports the idea that not only is hydrolysis required for silanes to produce controllable and predictable effects in many industrial processes, but hydrolysis must be made to occur at the 'right time' within any sequence of steps that define an industrial process. In the case of ceramic slurries, the 'right time' is the period just prior to the mixing of the ceramic slip ingredients. Keywords: SILANEALUMINASETTLINGDISPERSIONDMANMR
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF GAS HYDRATES FORMED FROM H2S AND CH4 UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS (2008)

Shallow marine gas hydrates occurring above the Sulfate-Methane-Interface (SMI) often contain small amounts of H2S beside methane and other hydrocarbons, but the distribution of H2S in these natural samples is not always homogeneous. To learn more about the formation of H2Scontaining hydrates, gas hydrates with different ratios of H2S/CH4 were synthesized under various conditions. The samples were synthesized from ice and water phases, with constant feed gas compositions or controlled changes in feed gas compositions. It turns out that the detailed nature of the synthetic hydrate samples depends on the method of sample preparation. The sample prepared with gas containing small amounts of H2S (1% H2S and 99% CH4) appeared homogeneous in composition, while that prepared in a water-H2S-CH4 system with higher H2S contents was heterogeneous. The samples were analysed with Raman spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Turbulence measurements using a nanoscale thermal anemometry probe (2010)

A nanoscale thermal anemometry probe (NSTAP) has been developed to measure velocity fluctuations at ultra-small scales. The sensing element is a free-standing platinum nanoscale wire, 100 nm × 2 μm × 60 μm, suspended between two current-carrying contacts and the sensor is an order of magnitude smaller than presently available commercial hot wires. The probe is constructed using standard semiconductor and MEMS manufacturing methods, which enables many probes to be manufactured simultaneously. Measurements were performed in grid-generated turbulence and compared to conventional hot-wire probes with a range of sensor lengths. The results demonstrate that the NSTAP behaves similarly to conventional hot-wire probes but with better spatial resolution and faster temporal response. The results are used to investigate spatial filtering effects, including the impact of spatial filtering on the probability density of velocity and velocity increment statistics.
Using hyperlinks to enrich message board content with linked data (2010)

Since social media sites have existed, a major element of the conversations which take place on them has been links to external websites. Users share videos or photos they have seen, point to products or movies they are interested in, and use external articles as a reference in discussions. As websites publish more structured and machine-readable data, notably in RDF, an increasing number of the links posted to social media sites do not just point to a webpage but are also associated with a structured data source. The integration of such external data can give us an enhanced insight into the conversation, both for analysing communities and for building applications. This approach can be applied to any online social space, but in this paper we present the use-case of enriching bulletin boards. We investigate the hyperlinks posted on a message board over a 10 year period and show how the external structured information related to these links has grown. We use data aggregated from several external sites providing RDF data or APIs to show how enriching forums with external data can provide us with enhanced insight into online conversation. We discuss potential applications of this approach, for message boards and for social media in general.
Anti-D: mechanisms of action. (1998)

Immunoglobulin that recognizes and binds specifically to the erythrocyte D antigen (anti-D globulin, WinRho SDF; Nabi, Boca Raton, FL) has recently been shown to be an effective therapy for many patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Its mechanisms of action are not completely understood. Intravenous (IV) infusion of anti-D into a D-positive recipient leads to antibody coating of circulating erythrocytes that are cleared primarily by the spleen. This immune-mediated clearance of sensitized erythrocytes occupies the reticuloendothelial system and allows survival of antibody-coated platelets. Based on clinical observations, experimental data, and theoretical calculations, the efficacy of anti-D therapy in ITP depends on several factors that influence the amount of erythrocyte sensitization and the rate of immune-mediated erythrocyte clearance by the spleen. Antibody characteristics, including the antibody concentration, binding affinity, and dissociation constants, may be important, as well as the number of D-antigen binding sites on the erythrocytes. Although the primary mechanism of action of anti-D is believed to be immunologic blockade of Fc receptors (FcR) within the reticuloendothelial system (RES), other immunomodulatory effects are also possible.
A Game-Theoretic Approach for Testing for Hardware Trojans (2016)

The microcircuit industry is witnessing a massive outsourcing of the fabrication of ICs (Integrated Circuit), as well as the use of third party IP (Intellectual Property) and COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) tools during IC design. These issues raise new security challenges and threats. In particular, it brings up multiple opportunities for the insertion of malicious logic, commonly referred to as a hardware Trojan, in the IC. Testing is typically used along the IC development lifecycle to verify the functional correctness of a given chip. However, the complexity of modern ICs, together with resource and time limitations, makes exhaustive testing commonly unfeasible. In this paper, we propose a game-theoretic approach for testing digital circuits that takes into account the decision-making process of intelligent attackers responsible for the infection of ICs with hardware Trojans. Testing for hardware Trojans is modeled as a zero-sum game between malicious manufacturers or designers (i.e., the attacker) who want to insert Trojans, and testers (i.e., the defender) whose goal is to detect the Trojans. The game results in multiple possible mixed strategy Nash equilibria that allow to identify optimum test sets that increase the probability of detecting and defeating hardware Trojans in digital logic. Results also show that the minimum number of Trojan classes tested by the defender and the fines imposed to the attacker can deter rational as well as irrational attackers from infecting circuits with Trojans.