gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C-LSTM: Enabling Efficient LSTM using Structured Compression Techniques on FPGAs (2018)

Recently, significant accuracy improvement has been achieved for acoustic recognition systems by increasing the model size of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. Unfortunately, the ever-increasing size of LSTM model leads to inefficient designs on FPGAs due to the limited on-chip resources. The previous work proposes to use a pruning based compression technique to reduce the model size and thus speedups the inference on FPGAs. However, the random nature of the pruning technique transforms the dense matrices of the model to highly unstructured sparse ones, which leads to unbalanced computation and irregular memory accesses and thus hurts the overall performance and energy efficiency. In contrast, we propose to use a structured compression technique which could not only reduce the LSTM model size but also eliminate the irregularities of computation and memory accesses. This approach employs block-circulant instead of sparse matrices to compress weight matrices and reduces the storage requirement from $\mathcal{O}(k^2)$ to $\mathcal{O}(k)$. Fast Fourier Transform algorithm is utilized to further accelerate the inference by reducing the computational complexity from $\mathcal{O}(k^2)$ to $\mathcal{O}(k\text{log}k)$. The datapath and activation functions are quantized as 16-bit to improve the resource utilization. More importantly, we propose a comprehensive framework called C-LSTM to automatically optimize and implement a wide range of LSTM variants on FPGAs. According to the experimental results, C-LSTM achieves up to 18.8X and 33.5X gains for performance and energy efficiency compared with the state-of-the-art LSTM implementation under the same experimental setup, and the accuracy degradation is very small.
OPTIMIZING THE PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT METHOD FOR EFFICIENT GENETIC TRANSFORMATION (1998)

Particle bombardment method has evolved into a useful tool for biotechnologists, allowing direct gene transfer to a broad range of cells and tissues over the past several years. Some of the important applications of the process include the production of fertile transgenic crops including maize, soybean, rice, wheat, barley, sorghum, etc. Recent results have extended the range of gene transfer to animal and bacterial cells. In this article the method of particle bombardment is reviewed and discussed, and practical suggestions for improving transformation efficiency are presented. Discipline: Biotechnology Additional key words: biolistic, particle gun, direct gene transfer
Carbon modified TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalysts for water purification (2009)

Carbon modified TiO 2 photocatalysts for water purification Carbon can form different structures with TiO 2 : carbon-doped TiO 2 , carbon coated TiO 2 and composites of TiO 2 and carbon. The presence of carbon layer on the surface of TiO 2 as well as the presence of porous carbon in the composites with TiO 2 can increase the concentration of organic pollutants on the surface of TiO 2 , facilitating the contact of the reactive species with the organic molecules. Carbon-doped TiO 2 can extend the absorption of the light to the visible region by the narrowing of the band gap and makes the photocatalysts active under visible light irradiation. TiO 2 loaded carbon can also work as a photocatalyst, on which the molecules are adsorbed in the pores of carbon and then they undergo the photocatalytic decomposition with UV irradiation. Enhanced photocatalytic activity for the destruction of some organic compounds in water was noticed on the carbon coated TiO 2 and TiO 2 loaded activated carbon, mostly because of the adsorptive role of carbon. However, in carbon-doped TiO 2 , the role of carbon is somewhat different, the replacement of carbon atom with Ti or oxygen and formation of oxygen vacancies are responsible for extending its photocatalytic activity towards the visible range.
Method of optimal directions for frame design (1999)

A frame design technique for use with vector selection algorithms, for example matching pursuits (MP), is presented. The design algorithm is iterative and requires a training set of signal vectors. The algorithm, called method of optimal directions (MOD), is an improvement of the algorithm presented by Engan, Aase and Husoy see (Proc. ICASSP '98, Seattle, USA, p.1817-20, 1998). The MOD is applied to speech and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, and the designed frames are tested on signals outside the training sets. Experiments demonstrate that the approximation capabilities, in terms of mean squared error (MSE), of the optimized frames are significantly better than those obtained using frames designed by the algorithm of Engan et. al. Experiments show typical reduction in MSE by 20-50%.
Chalcogenide Glass Bolometers (1973)

The chalcogenide glass Tl(2)SeAs(2) Te(3) has been evaluated as a thermistor bolometer material for room temperature operation. Thin film bolometers were fabricated on mica, glass, and sapphire substrates by both hot-pressing and rf sputtering techniques. Best results were achieved with 10-micro thick Tl(2)SeAs(2) Te(3) elements on thin mica substrates. Using a 500 K blackbody at a 10-Hz chopping frequency, a 2.5 x10(_3)cm(2) device yielded an NEP of 2.3 x 10(_9) W Hz(_4) cm(-2) device achieved an NEP of 7.7 x 10(-10) W Hz(-1/2) The ac performance of these devices is limited by their inherently long response times (tau congruent with 1 sec).
Selecting AAC Devices for Persons with ALS Taking into Consideration the Disease Progression (2009)

Progressive neurological disorders, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), pose a great challenge to Assistive Technology (AT) selection. In fact, as the disease progresses, the patient needs for AT support change and assistive technology devices can soon become of no use to the patient. To assist professionals in the selection of AT devices for Communication, a table that suggests commercially available technologies appropriate to each stage of ALS is presented. This instrument provides a guideline for technology selection, taking into consideration the disease progression. However, it does not substitute a thorough patient assessment, and it does not consider user preferences. The main purpose of developing such a table is to bring into the assistive technology selection process not only the ALS patient present needs but also the envisioned future needs. Prescribing AT with these concerns has the potential to reduce the need to substitute devices as the disease progresses, releasing the patient from the effort to adapt to a different technology and avoiding the usually long time interval before getting a new device, during which the person stays with no useful AT support.
Basic, not acidic fibroblast growth factor stimulates proliferation of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. (1997)

bFGF, in contrast to its analogue aFGF, stimulates cell proliferation in cultured human RPE cells. It may act as an autocrinic agent (secretion by and action on the same cell) and thus be a specific regulator for cell proliferation in repair and replacement of the RPE cell monolayer.
Endogenous anti-β-glucan antibodies, a potential predictive biomarker for the efficacy of soluble yeast β-1,3/1,6 glucan (Imprime PGG®) immunotherapy in cancer patients (VAC3P.947) (2014)

Abstract The innate immune response to Imprime PGG® (Imprime PGG) is being leveraged to develop a novel cancer immunotherapy in conjunction with anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies. Previous research has demonstrated the presence of endogenous anti-β-glucan antibodies (ABA) as a necessary prerequisite for the binding and functional activity of Imprime PGG in innate immune cells. In this study, healthy donors with varying levels of ABA were evaluated to determine the threshold of ABA above which binding and modulation of functions were observed. Donors who had ABA levels above the threshold showed Imprime PGG binding (&gt; 5%) to their neutrophils and monocytes with significant modulation of functions, including, a) activation of complement (C5a), b) increased surface expression of complement receptor 3, c) modulation of activation markers (CD62L), and d) production of selective chemokines (IL-8). The potential of the ABA level being a clinical biomarker was then evaluated in a non-small cell lung cancer trial by segregating patients into biomarker (BM) positive or negative populations based on the established ABA threshold. The BM positive patients showed a significantly increased objective response rate and marked survival benefit not seen in the BM negative patients. These results demonstrate a successful translation of biomarker discovery in healthy donors to clinical utility in cancer patients. ABA is a potential predictive biomarker for efficacy of Imprime PGG immunotherapy.
Adulteration of fruit juice beverages (1988)

The financial incentives to adulterate fruit juices are enormous the losers are the consumers. This is an in-depth look at new concerns and worldwide regulatory developments, focusing on chemical, instrumental, and statistical methods currently available to deter adulteration and international prob
Facilitated transport membrane systems (1989)

Etude theorique detaillee des phenomenes interfaciaux dans les processus a membranes. La separation par membrane liquide est etudiee, deux modeles theoriques sont consideres: membrane liquide a emulsion, membrane liquide immobilisee. Un tableau recapitule le type de membrane a selectionner en fonction des especes a separer
Numerical and analytical modeling of Fourier domain mode-locked lasers (2013)

The main objective of this work is the numerical and analytical modeling of Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers. The numerical simulations that solve the FDML propagation equation using a split-step Fourier algorithm, can be used to investigate the formation of a stationary state and the dependence of the instantaneous linewidth on various physical effects. The results are verified by comparison with available experimental data. A key result is that the instantaneous linewidth is not dominated by spontaneous emission or external noise sources, but results directly from the FDML dynamics. For the first time the possibility of generating ultrashort pulses with FDML lasers is investigated theoretically. Finally, an analytical model for an FDML laser is set up. Here, a Gaussian function is used as an approach and the equations of motion are derived by means of the variational principle and the method of moments.
CXXC5 is a transcriptional activator of <i>Flk‐1</i> and mediates bone morphogenic protein‐induced endothelial cell differentiation and vessel formation (2013)

CXXC5 is a member of a small subset of proteins containing CXXC-type zinc-finger domain. Here, we show that CXXC5 is a transcription factor activating Flk-1, a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. CXXC5 and Flk-1 were accumulated in nucli and membrane of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), respectively, during their endothelial differentiation. CXXC5 overexpression induced Flk-1 transcription in both endothelium-differentiated mESCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vitro DNA binding assay showed direct interaction of CXXC5 on the Flk-1 promoter region, and mutation on its DNA-binding motif abolished transcriptional activity. We showed that bone morphorgenetic protein 4 (BMP4) induced CXXC5 transcription in the cells, and inhibitors of BMP signaling suppressed the CXXC5 induction and the consequent Flk-1 induction by BMP4 treatment. CXXC5 knockdown resulted in suppression of BMP4-induced stress fiber formation (56.8 ± 1.3% decrease, P<0.05) and migration (54.6 ± 1.9% decrease, P<0.05) in HUVECs. The in vivo roles of CXXC5 in BMP-signaling-specific vascular development and angiogenesis were shown by specific defect of caudal vein plex vessel formation (57.9 ± 11.8% decrease, P<0.05) in cxxc5 morpholino-injected zebrafish embryos and by suppression of BMP4-induced angiogenesis in subcutaneously injected Matrigel plugs in CXXC5(-/-) mice. Overall, CXXC5 is a transcriptional activator for Flk-1, mediating BMP signaling for differentiation and migration of endothelial cell and vessel formation.
Ruthenium‐Catalysed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Trisubstituted Enamides Derived from 2‐Tetralone and 3‐Chromanone: Influence of Substitution on the Amide Arm and the Aromatic Ring (2003)

Abstract Cyclic enamides were prepared in one step from tetralone and chromanone derivatives and primary amides under acidic conditions. The enantioselective hydrogenation of these enamides bearing an endocyclic trisubstituted carbon‐carbon double bond was performed at room temperature in the presence of ruthenium catalysts. On the one hand, the nature of the amide group had little influence on the enantioselectivity of the hydrogenation when mononuclear precatalysts were used. On the other hand, the presence of a coordinating atom at some specific position on the tetralone and chromanone skeleton led to a dramatic decrease of the enantiomeric excesses.
A 55nm, 0.6mm<sup>2</sup> Bluetooth SoC integrated in cellular baseband chip with enhanced coexistence (2013)

This paper describes a 55nm, 0.6mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Bluetooth SoC integrated in cellular baseband. Several techniques are used to enhance co-existence performance of Bluetooth with cellular and Wi-Fi. First is the design of current-mode interfaces from LNA to complex BPF for better linearity and the additional antialiasing LPF placed before ADC for outband rejection in the RX. Second is the use of a passive voltage sampling mixer to lower out-of-band emission noise floor in TX. Moreover, only two inductors are used, one of which is a field-cancelling inductor used in VCO layout to achieve a spur-free LO signal, minimizing magnetic coupling from other parts of SoC. The TX output power is +11dBm at BDR mode and +8dBm at EDR3 mode, with 1.5-kHz frequency drift and <;6% RMS DEVM. The RX sensitivity is better than -96.5dBm and -89.2dBm for BDR and EDR3 modes respectively. The measured BT RX sensitivity is -57dBm at BDR mode while co-existing with -5dBm of Wi-Fi 54Mbps OFDM.
SimOpt: a library of simulation optimization problems (2011)

We present SimOpt --- a library of simulation-optimization problems intended to spur development and comparison of simulation-optimization methods and algorithms. The library currently has over 50 problems that are tagged by important problem attributes such as type of decision variables, and nature of constraints. Approximately half of the problems in the library come with a downloadable simulation oracle that follows a standardized calling protocol. We also propose the idea of problem and algorithm wrappers with a view toward facilitating assessment and comparison of simulation optimization algorithms.
ESPN: a case for energy-star photonic on-chip network (2013)

Photonic Network-on-Chips (NoCs) have recently been proposed due to their inherent low latency and high bandwidth. However, the high static power of the photonic components (e.g. laser source, resonators and waveguides) often results in energy-inefficient architectures. In this paper, we advocate the Energy-Star Photonic Network (ESPN) architecture that optimizes energy utilization via a two-pronged approach: (1) by enabling dynamic resource provisioning, ESPN adapts photonic network resources based on runtime traffic characteristics and (2) by utilizing all-optical adaptive routing, ESPN improves energy efficiency by intelligently exploiting existing network resources without introducing high latency and power hungry auxiliary routing mechanisms. Our evaluation results show that compared to the baseline design, ESPN reduces power and energy consumption under synthetic traffic patterns by 50% and 58% respectively.
Ex Vivo Generation of Human Anti–Pre-B Leukemia-Specific Autologous Cytolytic T Cells (1997)

In contrast to other neoplasms, antigen-specific autologous cytolytic T cells have not been detected in patients with human pre-B–cell leukemias. The absence of efficient B7 family (B7-1/CD80; B7-2/CD86) -mediated costimulation has been shown to be a major defect in tumor cells' capacity to function as antigen-presenting cells. We show here the generation of autologous anti–pre-B–cell leukemia-specific cytolytic T-cell lines from the marrows of 10 of 15 patients with pre-B–cell malignancies. T-cell costimulation via CD28 is an absolute requirement for the generation of these autologous cytolytic T cells (CTL). Although costimulation could be delivered by either bystander B7 transfectants or professional antigen-presenting cells (indirect costimulation), optimal priming and CTL expansion required that the costimulatory signal was expressed by the tumor cell (direct costimulation). These anti–pre-B–cell leukemia-specific CTL lysed both unstimulated and CD40-stimulated tumor cells from each patient studied but did not lyse either K562 or CD40-stimulated allogeneic B cells. Cytolysis was mediated by the induction of tumor cell apoptosis by CD8+ T cells via the perforin-granzyme pathway. Although we were able to generate anti–leukemia-specific CTL from the bone marrow, we were unable to generate such CTL from the peripheral blood of these patients. These studies show that antigen-specific CTL can be generated from the bone marrow of patients with pre-B–cell leukemias and these findings should facilitate the design of adoptive T-cell–mediated immunotherapy trials for the treatment of patients with B-cell precursor malignancies.
Non-human primate immune libraries combined with germline humanization (2009)

Panning of libraries constructed from immunised non-human primates (NHP) has not been widely used, even though this has proven to be a successful approach for the isolation of human-like antibody fragments with affinities in the nanomolar to the picomolar range. As recently demonstrated, after initial isolation of antibodies with such high affinities, germline humanization may be applied to these Fabs or scFvs to increase the similarity of their framework regions with those encoded by human germline genes. 'Germlinized' antibody fragments may be converted to full size IgGs; indications are given that these IgGs could be better tolerated in clinical use than human antibodies. The use of the combination of NHP immune libraries and germline humanization thus may compete with use of libraries of human origin, whether naïve or immune, and with synthetic libraries. In this report, the various approaches will be compared, and advantages of the two-step NHP-based method, as well as corresponding intellectual property aspects, will be discussed.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Induces miR-132 and miR-212 to Regulate Cellular Morphology and Migration in Immortalized LβT2 Pituitary Gonadotrope Cells (2011)

GnRH is central to the regulation of reproductive function. It acts on pituitary gonadotropes to stimulate LH and FSH synthesis and secretion. We had previously presented evidence for translational control of LHβ synthesis; therefore we investigated whether micro-RNAs might play a role in GnRH regulation in LβT2 cells. We show here that GnRH strongly induces the AK006051 gene transcript that encodes two micro-RNAs, miR-132 and miR-212, within the first intron. We show furthermore that the AK006051 promoter region is highly GnRH responsive. We verify that the p250Rho GTPase activating protein (GAP) is a target of miR-132/212 and show that GnRH treatment leads to a decrease in mRNA and protein expression. This reduction is blocked by an anti-miR to miR-132/212 and mimicked by a pre-miR-132. GnRH inhibits p250RhoGAP expression through a miR-132/212 response element within the 3'-untranslated region. The loss of p250RhoGAP expression leads to activation of Rac and marked increases in both the number and length of neurite-like processes extending from the cell. Knockdown of p250RhoGAP by small interfering RNA induces the same morphological changes observed with GnRH treatment. In addition, loss of p250RhoGAP causes an increase in cellular motility. Our findings suggest a novel pathway regulating long-term changes in cellular motility and process formation via the GnRH induction of miR-132/212 with the subsequent down-regulation of p250RhoGAP.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Domino Enantioselective Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.2.2]lactones (2011)

Once, twice, three times a catalyst! A novel domino rhodium(I)-catalyzed asymmetric transformation of substituted oxabicyclic alkenes into bicyclo[2.2.2]lactones proceeded with good yields (up to 78 %) and excellent stereoselectivity (>97 % ee; see scheme; cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene, Tf=trifluoromethanesulfonyl). Mechanistic investigations suggest that this process proceeds by rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric ring opening, allylic alcohol isomerization and oxidation. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Design of Actuation for Bistable Structures Using Smart Materials (2008)

Several smart materials such as shape memory alloys (SMA) and electroactive polymers (EAP) have good properties in small scales and are often a good choice for tiny surface deflection applications. However they need continuous powering to keep their shape change, leading to a significant loss of energy. An interesting approach is to associate a smart material with a bistable element, which provides two stable positions without power. This action requires some energy to snap from one position to the other one. This association gives a very power-efficient solution. In this paper, we present a mechanical study on the actuation of a bistable structure, using a distributed torque actuation that is very suitable for smart materials. We provide an approach to optimize the actuation location, this allow to use less powerful and more compact actuators.
Metabolomic Profiling of <i>Rhodosporidium toruloides</i> Grown on Glycerol for Carotenoid Production during Different Growth Phases (2014)

Carotenoid production from three strains of Rhodosporidium toruloides grown on glycerol was studied. A time-dependent metabolomics approach was used to understand its metabolism on glycerol and mechanism for carotenoid production in three strains during different growth phases (1, 4, 7, and 12 days). Strain CBS 5490 was the highest carotenoid producer (28.5 mg/L) and had a unique metabolic profile. In this strain, metabolites belonging to the TCA cycle and amino acids were produced in lower amounts, as compared to the other strains. On the other hand, it produced the highest amounts of carotenoid and fatty acid metabolites. This indicated that the lower production of the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolites promoted energy and metabolic flux toward the carotenoid and fatty acid synthesis metabolic pathways. This study shows that metabolomic profiling is a useful tool to gain insight into the metabolic pathways in the cell and to shed light on the different molecular mechanisms between strains.