gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contribution of acetate to butyrate formation by human faecal bacteria (2004)

Acetate is normally regarded as an endproduct of anaerobic fermentation, but butyrate-producing bacteria found in the human colon can be net utilisers of acetate. The butyrate formed provides a fuel for epithelial cells of the large intestine and influences colonic health. [1-(13)C]Acetate was used to investigate the contribution of exogenous acetate to butyrate formation. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia spp. grown in the presence of 60 mm-acetate and 10 mm-glucose derived 85-90 % butyrate-C from external acetate. This was due to rapid interchange between extracellular acetate and intracellular acetyl-CoA, plus net acetate uptake. In contrast, a Coprococcus-related strain that is a net acetate producer derived only 28 % butyrate-C from external acetate. Different carbohydrate-derived energy sources affected butyrate formation by mixed human faecal bacteria growing in continuous or batch cultures. The ranking order of butyrate production rates was amylopectin > oat xylan > shredded wheat > inulin > pectin (continuous cultures), and inulin > amylopectin > oat xylan > shredded wheat > pectin (batch cultures). The contribution of external acetate to butyrate formation in these experiments ranged from 56 (pectin) to 90 % (xylan) in continuous cultures, and from 72 to 91 % in the batch cultures. This is consistent with a major role for bacteria related to F. prausnitzii and Roseburia spp. in butyrate formation from a range of substrates that are fermented in the large intestine. Variations in the dominant metabolic type of butyrate producer between individuals or with variations in diet are not ruled out, however, and could influence butyrate supply in the large intestine.
Benzopyrones. Part VIII. Mono- and di-tetrazol-5-ylchromones. The infrared cyano-absorption of some 4-oxochromencarbonitriles (1972)

Some chromones containing a nitrile group at C-2, C-6, or C-8, or at both C-2 and C-6, have been synthesized, l.r. absorption by a nitrile group at C-6 or C-8 is of normal intensity, but that of such a group at C-2 is over 100 times less intense, and is not visible at the concentrations commonly used. Reasons for this behaviour are suggested and the difference in absorption was used to identify the mononitrile obtained by successive amidification and dehydration of diethyl 4-oxochromen-2,6-dicarboxylate. Ethyl 7-ethoxycarbonylmethoxy-4-oxochromen-2-carboxylate also gave a mononitrile; the structure of the latter was proved by the synthesis of both possible products; neither of the nitrile groups of 7-cyanomethoxy-4-oxochromen-2-carbonitrile absorbs appreciably in the CN stretching region. Most of the 4-oxochromencarbonitriles were converted into the corresponding mono- and di-tetrazoles, some of which show a high level of activity as antiallergic agents. 4-Methyl-3-(tetrazol-5-yl)-coumarin is inactive.
Computer Image 1991 (1991)

Image von Computerfirmen. Themen: Gestützter und ungestützter Bekanntheitsgrad vonHerstellerfirmen aus der Computerbranche; besterComputerhersteller; Vergleich des Images der HerstellerCommodore, IBM, Siemens-Nixdorf bezüglich ihrer finanziellenLage, ihres Rufs, der Arbeitnehmerorientierung, derFührungsqualität, der technologischen Entwicklung, derKundenfreundlichkeit, der Hilfsbereitschaft bzw. Kooperation,der Produktqualität, des Umweltbewußtseins und derSponsoring-Aktivitäten der Unternehmen; Computernutzung in derAusbildung, bei der Arbeit und privat; Vorhandensein einesComputers im Haushalt; Fabrikat und Marke des Computers sowiehauptsächliche Nutzung; aktuelle Kaufabsicht für einen Computerund präferiertes Fabrikat. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Familienstand; Schulbildung;Berufsausbildung; berufliche Position; Berufstätigkeit;Haushaltseinkommen; Personen im Haushalt mit eigenem Einkommen;Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung; Befragter istHaushaltsvorstand; Charakteristika des Haushaltsvorstands;Haushaltsführung durch den Befragten. Frauen wurde zusätzlich gefragt: Befragte ist Hausfrau. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Ortsgröße; Bundesland.
Three-Dimensional Solution Structure of α-Conotoxin MII, an α<sub>3</sub>β<sub>2</sub> Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Targeted Ligand<sup>,</sup> (1997)

alpha-Conotoxin MII, isolated from Conus magus, is a potent peptidic toxin which specifically targets the mammalian neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, alpha3beta2 subtype. The three-dimensional structure of alpha-conotoxin MII in aqueous solution has been determined by two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy. NOE-derived distances, refined by an iterative relaxation matrix approach, as well as dihedral and chirality restraints were used in high-temperature biphasic simulated annealing calculations. Fourteen minimum energy structures out of 50 subjected to the SA simulations were chosen for evaluation; these 14 structures have a final RMS deviation of 0.76 +/- 0.31 and 1.35 +/- 0.34 A for the backbone and heavy atoms, respectively. The overall structure is unusually well-defined due to a large helical component around the two disulfide bridges. The principal backbone folding motif may be common to a subclass of alpha-conotoxins. There are two distinct surfaces on the molecule almost at right angles to one another. One entirely consists of the hydrophobic residues Gly1, Cys2, Cys3, Leu15, and Cys16. The second comprises the hydrophilic residues Glu11, His12, Ser13, and Asn14. These surfaces on the ligand could be essential for the subtype-specific recognition of the receptor.
Inhibition of Serine Proteinases Plasmin, Trypsin, Subtilisin A, Cathepsin G, and Elastase by LEKTI:  A Kinetic Analysis (2003)

The human LEKTI gene encodes a putative 15-domain serine proteinase inhibitor and has been linked to the inherited disorder known as Netherton syndrome. In this study, human recombinant LEKTI (rLEKTI) was purified using a baculovirus/insect cell expression system, and the inhibitory profile of the full-length rLEKTI protein was examined. Expression of LEKTI in Sf9 cells showed the presence of disulfide bonds, suggesting the maintenance of the tertiary protein structure. rLEKTI inhibited the serine proteinases plasmin, subtilisin A, cathepsin G, human neutrophil elastase, and trypsin, but not chymotrypsin. Moreover, rLEKTI did not inhibit the cysteine proteinase papain or cathepsin K, L, or S. Further, rLEKTI inhibitory activity was inactivated by treatment with 20 mM DTT, suggesting that disulfide bonds are important to LEKTI function. The inhibition of plasmin, subtilisin A, cathepsin G, elastase, and trypsin by rLEKTI occurred through a noncompetitive-type mechanism, with inhibitory constants (K(i)) of 27 +/- 5, 49 +/- 3, 67 +/- 6, 317 +/-36, and 849 +/- 55 nM, respectively. Thus, LEKTI is likely to be a major physiological inhibitor of multiple serine proteinases.
Study of turbulence on supersonic compression surfaces using Reynolds stress model (1992)

A theoretical study was conducted to determine the effects of adverse pressure gradient and compressibility in modeling turbulent compressible flows. The zero equation, kinetic-energy/dissipation eddy-viscosity models, and Reynolds stress model predictions are presented and compared with experimental data. It is shown that the effects of compressibility, which include the mass-averaged fluctuation term u j '', the pressure-dilatation term p'∂u l ''/∂x l , and the dilatation dissipation μ(∂u l ''/∂x l ) 2 /p, are important in modeling turbulent compressible flows
Passive Ultrawide Bandwidth RFID (2008)

Ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) technology is a promising solution for next generation radiofrequency identification (RFID) systems to overcome most of the main limitations of current RFID systems such as very short operating range, insufficient ranging resolution for accurate localization, sensitivity to interference and scarce multiple access capability. In this paper, the UWB technology is applied to (semi-)passive RFID based on backscatter modulation and the potential performance is investigated in terms of range/data rate trade-off and clutter effect mitigation using experimental data.
Application of a novel rf coil design to the magnetic resonance force microscope (1996)

We report a rf coil design based on the Alderman–Grant coil called the modified Alderman–Grant coil (MAGC), and demonstrate its efficacy in the magnetic resonance force microscope (MRFM). The rf field of the MAGC has a magnitude comparable to that of a solenoidal coil of similar size (for the same input power) but the coil has a much smaller inductance. This is advantageous in electron spin resonance MRFM experiments which would benefit from rf frequencies in excess of 1000 MHz. The open design of the MAGC is also advantageous because it provides superior access to the sample mounted on a mechanical cantilever by the optical fiber and permanent magnet and so allows the sample to be placed at the center of the coil.
Fatigue of Drillstring: State of the Art (2002)

Failure due to fatigue is a very costly problem in oil and gas industry. Many investigators have previously addressed this problem, but its frequency of occurrence is still excessive. Torque and tension can be correctly predicted but computations of fatigue duration are still approximate. Regarding the fatigue failure of drillstring, this paper summarizes the state of the art. Prediction and calculation of fatigue duration are stated, including both history of the simplified approach based on Miner's rule and a few elements of the fracture mechanics theory. Existing inspection methods, their limitations and further recommendations are provided. Moreover, the fatigue tests are performed when human life and environment may be at risk. The loading conditions, the test frequency, the number and the size of test specimens are given. Environmental effects such as corrosion are recalled. Prevention and inhibitors are mentioned. Last chapter focuses on enhancement of drillstring. Drillpipes geometry improvement, connections re-design, steel properties such as toughness, tool-joints hardfacing and inspection of drillpipes are discussed.
FMIR infrared spectroscopy of coatings on fibers and metal plates (1965)

Abstract The FMIR technique offers a new and improved means of identifying coatings on fibers, elucidating coating–substrate bonds, and determining the nature of absorption sites on substrates by infrared spectroscopy. This technique is based on the internal reflectance of radiation in the middle infrared region. The ability to obtain infrared spectra of surface materials without removing the materials from the fiber gives the FMIR technique a noteworthy advantage over transmission techniques.
Similarity of outcome predictors across opiate, cocaine, and alcohol treatments: Role of treatment services. (1994)

This study examined the patient and treatment factors associated with 6-month outcome in 649 opiate-, alcohol-, and cocaine-dependent (male and female) adults, treated in inpatient and outpatient settings, in 22 publicly and privately funded programs. Outcomes were predicted by similar factors, regardless of the drug problem of the patient or the type of treatment setting or funding. Greater substance use at follow-up was predicted only by greater severity of alcohol and drug use at treatment admission, not by the number of services received during treatment. Better social adjustment at follow-up was negatively predicted by more severe psychiatric, employment, and family problems at admission and positively predicted by more psychiatric, family, employment, and medical services provided during treatment.
When governments hack opponents: a look at actors and technology (2014)

Repressive nation-states have long monitored telecommunications to keep tabs on political dissent. The Internet and online social networks, however, pose novel technical challenges to this practice, even as they open up new domains for surveillance. We analyze an extensive collection of suspicious files and links targeting activists, opposition members, and nongovernmental organizations in the Middle East over the past several years. We find that these artifacts reflect efforts to attack targets' devices for the purposes of eavesdropping, stealing information, and/or unmasking anonymous users. We describe attack campaigns we have observed in Bahrain, Syria, and the United Arab Emirates, investigating attackers, tools, and techniques. In addition to off-the-shelf remote access trojans and the use of third-party IP-tracking services, we identify commercial spyware marketed exclusively to governments, including Gamma's FinSpy and Hacking Team's Remote Control System (RCS). We describe their use in Bahrain and the UAE, and map out the potential broader scope of this activity by conducting global scans of the corresponding command-and-control (C&C) servers. Finally, we frame the real-world consequences of these campaigns via strong circumstantial evidence linking hacking to arrests, interrogations, and imprisonment.
Antibodies to HLA-E may account for the non-donor-specific anti-HLA class-Ia antibodies in renal and liver transplant recipients (2011)

The non-donor-specific anti-HLA-Ia antibodies correlate significantly with lower graft survival in organ transplant patients. Based on our earlier findings that anti-HLA-E murine monoclonal antibodies (MEM-E/02 and 3D12) reacted with different HLA-Ia alleles and the peptides shared by HLA-E and HLA class, Ia alleles inhibited the HLA-Ia reactivity of the anti-HLA-E antibodies in normal non-alloimmunized males, the possibility of that anti-HLA-E IgG may account for the non-donor-specific anti-HLA-Ia antibodies in the allograft recipients was examined by multiplex-Luminex®-immunoassay. About 73% of renal and 53% of liver transplant patients' sera with high level of anti-HLA-E IgG showed reactivity to different non-donor HLA-Ia alleles. About 50% renal and 52% liver allograft recipients' sera with low level of anti-HLA-E IgG had no reactivity to any HLA-Ia alleles; however, the IgG isolated from the same sera with protein-G columns showed the presence of anti-HLA-E IgG with HLA-Ia reactivity. Furthermore, both recombinant HLA-E and the IgG-free serum containing soluble HLA-E (sHLA-E) inhibited HLA-Ia reactivity of anti-HLA-E murine monoclonal IgG significantly. The data suggest that the HLA-Ia reactivity of the anti-HLA-E antibody accounts for the non-donor-specific anti-HLA-Ia antibodies. It is proposed that the sHLA-E heavy chain, shed in circulation after organ transplantation, may expose cryptic epitopes of HLA-E to elicit anti-HLA-E IgG antibodies, which may cross react with HLA-Ia alleles due to the peptide sequences shared between them. This study provides a new explanation for the presence of non-donor-specific antibodies for non-existing HLA-Ia alleles, frequently observed and correlated with survival in organ transplant recipients.
Analysis of Complement Fixation and Commercial Enzyme Immunoassays for Detection of Antibodies to <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> in Human Serum (2000)

The Meridian ImmunoCard (IC), GenBio ImmunoWELL-IgM, and Remel EIA commercial antibody tests are qualitative enzyme immunoassays that detect antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in serum. These tests were compared to an M. pneumoniae complement fixation (CF) assay, which uses a commercially available antigen component. The Meridian IC and the ImmunoWELL-IgM detect immunoglobulin M (IgM) only; the Remel EIA and the CF test detect both IgM and IgG antibodies. Detection of specific IgM antibody, which appears early in infection, can be, but is not always, indicative of a recent or current infection. Paired serum samples from 64 adult patients with probable M. pneumoniae infection were examined with each of the four tests. Thirty (47%) of the 64 acute-phase sera were IgM positive by Meridian IC, 26 (41%) were positive by Remel EIA, 24 (38%) were positive by CF, and 15 (23%) were positive by ImmunoWELL-IgM. When both the acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples from each patient were examined, 61 (95%) of the 64 patients were positive by CF, 60 patients (94%) were positive by Remel EIA, 52 patients (81%) were IgM positive by the Meridian IC, and 29 patients (45%) were IgM positive by the ImmunoWELL-IgM assay. The Meridian IC was more sensitive than the other tests for early detection of IgM antibodies. However, after examining paired serum samples, we concluded that the detection of IgM alone may not be useful for all cases of mycoplasma infection, especially in an adult population.
Approximation of color characterization MLUTS with artificial neural networks (2004)

MLUTs used in color characterization require significant memory for embedded systems. Most tools that create device characterization maps, use MLUTs. For this reason, there is interest in approximating MLUT color characterization mappings with more compressed function approximation methods. In this document, artificial neural network approximations for MLUTs are investigated. Color accuracy, computational loads, and memory requirements are discussed.
Silicon electro-optic micro-modulator fabricated in standard CMOS technology as components for all silicon monolithic integrated optoelectronic systems <sup>*</sup> (2021)

Abstract In this paper, optoelectronic characteristics and related switching behavior of one monolithically integrated silicon light-emitting device (LED) with an interesting wavelength range of 400–900 nm are studied. Through the comparison of two types of geometry, Si avalanche-based LED and Si field-effect LED (Si FE LED), in the same device, we establish the dimensional dependence of the switching speed of the LED. Almost-linear modulation curve implies lower distortion is shown for the Si FE LED with light emission enhancement, and technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulations are in line with the experimental results. Our findings indicate that ON–OFF keying up to GHz frequencies should be feasible with such diodes. Potential applications should include Si FE LED integrated into the micro-photonic systems.
Coronavirus Genetically Redirected to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Exhibits Effective Antitumor Activity against a Malignant Glioblastoma (2009)

Coronaviruses are positive-strand RNA viruses with features attractive for oncolytic therapy. To investigate this potential, we redirected the coronavirus murine hepatitis virus (MHV), which is normally unable to infect human cells, to human tumor cells by using a soluble receptor (soR)-based expression construct fused to an epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor targeting moiety. Addition of this adapter protein to MHV allowed infection of otherwise nonsusceptible, EGF receptor (EGFR)-expressing cell cultures. We introduced the sequence encoding the adaptor protein soR-EGF into the MHV genome to generate a self-targeted virus capable of multiround infection. The resulting recombinant MHV was viable and had indeed acquired the ability to infect all glioblastoma cell lines tested in vitro. Infection of malignant human glioblastoma U87DeltaEGFR cells gave rise to release of progeny virus and efficient cell killing in vitro. To investigate the oncolytic capacity of the virus in vivo, we used an orthotopic U87DeltaEGFR xenograft mouse model. Treatment of mice bearing a lethal intracranial U87DeltaEGFR tumor by injection with MHVsoR-EGF significantly prolonged survival compared to phosphate-buffered saline-treated (P = 0.001) and control virus-treated (P = 0.004) animals, and no recurrent tumor load was observed. However, some adverse effects were seen in normal mouse brain tissues that were likely caused by the natural murine tropism of MHV. This is the first demonstration of oncolytic activity of a coronavirus in vivo. It suggests that nonhuman coronaviruses may be attractive new therapeutic agents against human tumors.
Preparation of Crystalline Phosphorylated Derivatives of Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Crystalline Phosphorylated Derivatives of Vitamin B6Elbert A. Peterson and Herbert A. SoberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 1, 169–175Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01630a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01630a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views697Altmetric-Citations398LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3D Modeling from Uncalibrated Color Images for a Complete Wound Assessment Tool (2007)

This paper is concerned with the 3D modeling of skin wound using uncalibrated vision techniques for the volumetric assessment of the healing process. We have developed an original approach for matching two color images captured with a free-handled digital camera and generate a semi-dense 3D model. We evaluate the precision of the inferred 3D model by registration to a ground truth on artificial wounds. The method is then applied to volumetric measurements. The clinician requirements of a global 5% precision are overshot as 3% is obtained locally. The best configuration for taking photos lies between 1.2 and 1.5 for distance ratios and between 15 degrees and 30 degrees for vergence of the stereo pair. This work is part of the ESCALE project dedicated to the design of a complete 3D and color wound assessment tool using a simple free handled digital camera: a smart solution for massive diffusion in care centers as such very low cost system should be operated directly by nurses.
Dependence of magnetoresistive head readback characteristics on sensor height (1991)

The microtrack profile and bias point of a magnetoresistive (MR) head play a fundamental role in determining the full track response. In this paper the stripe height dependence of these properties is studied. The magnetic center of the MR head is found to approach the physical center, and microtrack side slopes become steeper and more equal as the stripe height is decreased. These experimentally observed trends can be understood using a simple model based on anisotropic flux propagation in the MR sensor.
The dynamic of the water explosive vaporization on the flat microheater (2018)

The dynamic of explosive vaporization of the water on the multilayer thin-film resistor with the size of 100 × 110 μm has been investigated. An original optical method based on measuring of laser intensity reflected from resistor surface was used. The characteristics of the initial stage of the explosive vaporization were obtained. The dependence of the boiling temperature on the temperature growth rate and the dependence of boiling time on the effective heat flux were defined. The lifetime of the main vapour bubble and the satellite bubble were estimated.
The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire in Randomized Controlled Trials of Treatment for Ulcerative Colitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2020)

These analyses found that IBDQ-32 scores are sensitive to treatment. The results provided here support the use of the IBDQ-32 to capture treatment benefits on quality of life for patients with ulcerative colitis.