gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Syntheses of new porphyrin-type photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy</title> (1992)

In the first part of this paper, syntheses of water-soluble photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy are described. Vinylporphyrins and vinylchlorins react with N.N- dimethylmethyleneammonium iodide (Eschenmoser's reagent) to give 2- (dimethylaminomethyl)vinyl derivatives which can be readily quaternized with methyl iodide to give highly water-soluble quaternary ammonium salts. Deuteroporphyrin-IX dimethyl ester undergoes direct substitution with dimethylaminomethyl at the nuclear 2- and 4-positions. The second part of this report describes the syntheses of bacteriochlorin analogues of natural chlorophyll derivatives; these are obtained by osmium tetraoxide oxidation of chlorins to give vic-dihydroxybacteriochlorins. Acid catalyzed pinacol-pinacolone rearrangements of a number of vic-dihydroxybacterochlorins to given ketobacteriochlorins are described, and the chemistry of the rearrangement is investigated. Biological studies of all sensitizers described will be reported elsewhere.
Mechanical properties of tantalum-tungsten interlayer between tungsten tile and thimble to prevent helium leak from He-cooled divertor (2013)

The tungsten parts made of pure tungsten tile and dispersion strengthened tungsten thimble with 3 mm interlayer of tantalum-tungsten alloy are fabricated by Spark Plasmas Sintering (SPS). The process of SPS is that the temperature is raised to 1700 °C at a rate of 100 °C/min and kept for 3 min, under a constant pressure of 50MPa along the Z-axis. The mechanical properties of the interlayer with different percent of tantalum are measured. The results show that with increasing percent of tantalum, the hardness first increases and then decreases; and as the indentation on the sample is closer to dispersion strengthened tungsten, the value of Vickers hardness is much higher. The Vickers hardness of interlayer is the highest when the content of tantalum is 50% and the indentation is next to dispersion strengthened tungsten. Bending strength drops with increasing content of tantalum, when the content of tantalum is 100% the value of bending strength is the lowest. The fracture toughness is highest as the content of tantalum is 25%, the value is 9.89MPa•m1/2. The toughening tungsten-tantalum interlayer between tungsten tile and thimble would better prevent helium leak from He-cooled divertor for DEMO.
Transcellular gaps in microvascular walls of frog and rat when permeability is increased by perfusion with the ionophore A23187. (1995)

1. The experiments described in this paper aimed to determine whether the gaps which develop in microvascular endothelium in association with increases in permeability are located in the intercellular clefts or are openings passing through the endothelial cells. 2. Hydraulic permeability (Lp) was estimated in frog mesenteric capillaries and single rat venules using a microperfusion-micro-occlusion technique before and during perfusion with solutions containing the ionophore A23187 at a concentration of 10 microM. When Lp was seen to have increased, the tissues were fixed in situ with 2.5% glutaraldehyde. 3. The increases in Lp varied considerably from vessel to vessel. In six frog vessels Lp increased from 2.6 +/- 0.9 x 10(-7) to 266 +/- 159 x 10(-7) cm s-1 cmH2O-1 and in three rat venules Lp rose from 0.94 +/- 0.09 x 10(-7) to 16.4 +/- 4.9 x 10(-7) cm s-1 cmH2O-1 (means +/- S.E.M.). 4. Forty openings or gaps were completely reconstructed from electron micrographs of serial ultrathin sections of the six frog vessels. Thirty-nine of these gaps passed through the endothelial cells and did not communicate with the intercellular clefts; one was intercellular. Similarly, fifteen out of sixteen gaps reconstructed from electron micrographs of the rat venules were transcellular and clearly separated from the intercellular clefts. 5. The increased Lp and associated ultrastructural changes induced by A23187 were reversed by perfusion with ionophore-free solutions.
The Quantitative Analysis of Psychiatric Sequelae after Direct Surgery of Anterior Communicating Aneurysms (1977)

Follow-up study of 50 cases with directly operated anterior communicating aneurysm was made, ranging from 6 months to 5 years and 6 months. Forty six cases were alive and the condition of all these cases was evaluated through questionnaires, and 42 cases of them were examined utilizing the WAIS and Y-G test. Four patients out of 46 cases showed decreased ADL and they needed help in their daily activity. About 60% of the cases have resumed full activity of previous occupation, although 68% of the 46 cases have complained of slight headache, forgetfullness and worries about their illness being never cured. The number of cases with the above complaints decreased markedly 2 years after surgery was performed. Verbal IQrecovered sooner than Performance IQobtained on WAIS, and the profile of recovery showed quite a resemblance in the repeated WAIS. Comparing pre and post-operative cases in short term the cause of the poor IQ at present study was considered due to subarachnoid hemorrhage itself rather than to surgical intervention. Poor preoperative condition, such as grade III, IV, of Hunt and Hess, showed delay in recovery. There was no definite evidence of disturbing IQrecovery by angiospasm, ventricular dilatation, direction of aneurysm etc., as far as preoperative grade I, and II groups were concerned. The ultimate evaluation of the patient in regard to social adaptability from IQ test required a 2 year period. Symptoms of so called normal pressure hydrocephalus due to subarachnoid hemorrhage showed sometimes remarkable recovery of the mental state after shunt operation, but in other cases, shunt procedure failed to show persistent effect and several patients showed good IQ in the follow-up study, although the shunt device lost patency in early stage of follow-up. Y-G test showed interesting fact that the cases of poor IQ, especially poor Performance IQ, assumed types of passive adaptability.
100 GHz on-wafer S-parameter measurements by electrooptic sampling (2003)

The authors describe an electrooptic sampling system with a measurement bandwidth in excess of 200 GHz for on-wafer millimeter-wave measurements. An active probe frequency-multiplier has been developed to supply the millimeter-wave stimulus signal to the device under test. On-wafer measurements of S-parameters of linear circuits, time-waveforms of nonlinear circuits, and propagation characteristics of uniplanar waveguides on GaAs to 100 GHz by direct electrooptic sampling have been demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Conserved Proline Triplet in Val-tRNA Synthetase and the Origin of Elongation Factor P (2014)

Bacterial ribosomes stall on polyproline stretches and require the elongation factor P (EF-P) to relieve the arrest. Yet it remains unclear why evolution has favored the development of EF-P rather than selecting against the occurrence of polyproline stretches in proteins. We have discovered that only a single polyproline stretch is invariant across all domains of life, namely a proline triplet in ValS, the tRNA synthetase, that charges tRNA(Val) with valine. Here, we show that expression of ValS in vivo and in vitro requires EF-P and demonstrate that the proline triplet located in the active site of ValS is important for efficient charging of tRNA(Val) with valine and preventing formation of mischarged Thr-tRNA(Val) as well as efficient growth of E. coli in vivo. We suggest that the critical role of the proline triplet for ValS activity may explain why bacterial cells coevolved the EF-P rescue system.
Annotation: The similarities and differences between autistic disorder and Asperger's disorder: a review of the empirical evidence (2004)

There is currently insufficient evidence to establish the validity of Asperger's disorder as a syndrome distinct from high-functioning autism. The findings are consistent with the view that these disorders belong on an autism spectrum.
ADRIAMYCIN EXTRAVASATION INJURIES (1986)

Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Rutgers Medical School, CN19 New Brunswick, N.J. 08903
Characterization and complete genome sequence analysis of novel bacteriophage IME-EFm1 infecting Enterococcus faecium (2014)

We isolated and characterized a novel virulent bacteriophage, IME-EFm1, specifically infecting multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium. IME-EFm1 is morphologically similar to members of the family Siphoviridae. It was found capable of lysing a wide range of our E. faecium collections, including two strains resistant to vancomycin. One-step growth tests revealed the host lysis activity of phage IME-EFm1, with a latent time of 30 min and a large burst size of 116 p.f.u. per cell. These biological characteristics suggested that IME-EFm1 has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent. The complete genome of IME-EFm1 was 42 597 bp, and was linear, with terminally non-redundant dsDNA and a G+C content of 35.2 mol%. The termini of the phage genome were determined with next-generation sequencing and were further confirmed by nuclease digestion analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a complete genome sequence of a bacteriophage infecting E. faecium. IME-EFm1 exhibited a low similarity to other phages in terms of genome organization and structural protein amino acid sequences. The coding region corresponded to 90.7 % of the genome; 70 putative ORFs were deduced and, of these, 29 could be functionally identified based on their homology to previously characterized proteins. A predicted metallo-β-lactamase gene was detected in the genome sequence. The identification of an antibiotic resistance gene emphasizes the necessity for complete genome sequencing of a phage to ensure it is free of any undesirable genes before use as a therapeutic agent against bacterial pathogens.
Stock Market Prices Do Not Follow Random Walks: Evidence From a Simple Specification Test (1987)

In this paper, we test the random walk hypothesis for weekly stock market returns by comparing variance estimators derived from data sampled at different frequencies. The random walk model is strongly rejected for the entire sample period and for all sub-periods for a variety of aggregate returns indexes and size-sorted portfolios. Although the rejections are largely due to the behavior of small stocks, they cannot be ascribed to either the effects of infrequent trading or time-varying volatilities.
Cluster failure: Why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates (2016)

The most widely used task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyses use parametric statistical methods that depend on a variety of assumptions. In this work, we use real resting-state data and a total of 3 million random task group analyses to compute empirical familywise error rates for the fMRI software packages SPM, FSL, and AFNI, as well as a nonparametric permutation method. For a nominal familywise error rate of 5%, the parametric statistical methods are shown to be conservative for voxelwise inference and invalid for clusterwise inference. Our results suggest that the principal cause of the invalid cluster inferences is spatial autocorrelation functions that do not follow the assumed Gaussian shape. By comparison, the nonparametric permutation test is found to produce nominal results for voxelwise as well as clusterwise inference. These findings speak to the need of validating the statistical methods being used in the field of neuroimaging.
Effect of a Calcium Carbonate-Based Toothpaste with 0.3% Triclosan on pH Changes in Dental Plaque in vivo (1994)

The effects of a calcium carbonate-based toothpaste with added 0.3% triclosan on the pH of human dental plaque after a cariogenic challenge with 10% sucrose solution was investigated against a calcium carbonate-based toothpaste without triclosan and an alumina-based toothpaste. A silica-based toothpaste served as a control. Twenty adult volunteers were included in this study. The results showed that the plaque pH drop and the area under the curve for both calcium carbonate-based toothpastes, with and without 0.3% triclosan, were significantly less as compared with the alumina-based toothpaste, with both parameters being least for the toothpaste with added 0.3% triclosan. Calcium carbonate has been shown in previous studies to have a buffering effect on the plaque pH after an acidogenic challenge. The addition of 0.3% triclosan to the calcium carbonate-based toothpaste seemed to enhance this effect.
Elevated Levels of the 64-kDa Cleavage Stimulatory Factor (CstF-64) in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Macrophages Influence Gene Expression and Induce Alternative Poly(A) Site Selection (2005)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages influences the expression of multiple genes through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. We observed a 5-fold increase in CstF-64 expression following LPS treatment of RAW macrophages. The increase in CstF-64 protein was specific in that several other factors involved in 3'-end processing were not affected by LPS stimulation. Activation of RAW macrophages with LPS caused an increase in proximal poly(A) site selection within a reporter mini-gene containing two linked poly(A) sites that occurred concomitant with the increase in CstF-64 expression. Furthermore, forced overexpression of the CstF-64 protein also induced alternative poly(A) site selection on the reporter minigene. Microarray analysis performed on CstF-64 overexpressing RAW macrophages revealed that elevated levels of CstF-64 altered the expression of 51 genes, 14 of which showed similar changes in gene expression with LPS stimulation. Sequence analysis of the 3'-untranslated regions of these 51 genes revealed that over 45% possess multiple putative poly(A) sites. Two of these 51 genes demonstrated alternative polyadenylation under both LPS-stimulating and CstF-64-overexpressing conditions. We concluded that the physiologically increased levels of CstF-64 observed in LPS-stimulated RAW macrophages contribute to the changes in expression and alternative polyadenylation of a number of genes, thus identifying another level of gene regulation that occurs in macrophages activated with LPS.
ORA: Organization Risk Analyzer (2004)

Abstract : ORA is a network analysis tool that detects risks or vulnerabilities of an organization's design structure. The design structure of an organization is the relationship among its personnel, knowledge, resource, and task entities. These entities and relationships are represented by the Meta-Matrix. Measures that take as input a Meta-Matrix are used to analyze the structural properties of an organization for potential risk. ORA contains over 50 measures which are categorized by which type of risk they detect. Measures are also organized by input requirements and by output. ORA generates formatted reports viewable on screen or in log files, and reads and writes networks in multiple data formats to be interoperable with existing network analysis packages. In addition, it has tools for graphically visualizing Meta-Matrix data and for optimizing a network's design structure. ORA uses a Java interface for ease of use, and a C++ computational backend. The current version ORA 1.2 software is available.
Coded Modulation Theory and Performance (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Trellis-coded Modulation The Symbol-based MAP Algorithm Turbo Trellis-coded Modulation Bit-interleaved Coded Modulation Bit-interleaved Coded Modulation Using Iterative Decoding Coded Modulation Performance Near-capacity Turbo Trellis-coded Modulation Design Based on EXIT Charts and Union Bounds Summary and Conclusions
<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>as a Host for<i>Xanthomonas campestris</i>pv.<i>campestris</i> (1990)

We suggest that the cruciferous weed Arabidopsis thaliana may serve as a model organism in plant pathology since its biological and genetic properties and genomic structure are particularly amenable to the isolation of plant genes. We report here that Arabidopsis was a host for the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the causal agent of black rot in cruciferous crops. Two ecotypes of Arabidopsis showed differential responses to X. c. pv. campestris, suggesting that disease resistance genes are present in the Arabidopsis gene pool and may be isolated in a straightforward manner
Ultrasound imaging of the lower urinary system in women after Burch colposuspension (2001)

These findings supported our hypothesis that signs of urgency follow over-elevation of the bladder neck. These results helped us significantly to refine our GSI management.
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Hollow Fiber Membranes (2006)

Yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) hollow fiber membranes have been developed by a combined phase inversion and sintering method. An organic binder solution (dope) containing suspended YSZ particles is spun to form a hollow fiber precursor, which is then sintered at elevated temperatures. The prepared hollow fibers have the asymmetric structure including the sponge‐like structures at center, sandwiched by the long finger‐like structures located at the outer and inner walls of the fibers. Experimental results indicate that by controlling the YSZ/polymer weight ratio at 9 or 10 and sintered at a temperature of 1590°C or 1550°C for 10 h, respectively, gas‐tight asymmetric YSZ hollow fiber membranes with high mechanical strength can be obtained.
Fluorescence Quenching in Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Oxygen (1969)

The role of the possible fluorescence quenching process S1 + O2(1Σg−) → T + O2(1Δg) which involves energy transfer to oxygen is examined in a number of aromatic hydrocarbons. It is observed that quenching is just as efficient in aromatics where the S1–T energy gap is too small (&lt; 7900 cm−1) for excitation of oxygen in the above process as in aromatics where it is allowed energetically. This process cannot therefore account for the general phenomenon of fluorescence quenching by oxygen in aromatics. Evidence bearing on other quenching mechanisms is discussed.
Hybridization-based <i>in situ</i> sequencing (HybISS) for spatially resolved transcriptomics in human and mouse brain tissue (2020)

Visualization of the transcriptome in situ has proven to be a valuable tool in exploring single-cell RNA-sequencing data, providing an additional spatial dimension to investigate multiplexed gene expression, cell types, disease architecture or even data driven discoveries. In situ sequencing (ISS) method based on padlock probes and rolling circle amplification has been used to spatially resolve gene transcripts in tissue sections of various origins. Here, we describe the next iteration of ISS, HybISS, hybridization-based in situ sequencing. Modifications in probe design allows for a new barcoding system via sequence-by-hybridization chemistry for improved spatial detection of RNA transcripts. Due to the amplification of probes, amplicons can be visualized with standard epifluorescence microscopes for high-throughput efficiency and the new sequencing chemistry removes limitations bound by sequence-by-ligation chemistry of ISS. HybISS design allows for increased flexibility and multiplexing, increased signal-to-noise, all without compromising throughput efficiency of imaging large fields of view. Moreover, the current protocol is demonstrated to work on human brain tissue samples, a source that has proven to be difficult to work with image-based spatial analysis techniques. Overall, HybISS technology works as a targeted amplification detection method for improved spatial transcriptomic visualization, and importantly, with an ease of implementation.
Quercetin inhibits inducible ICAM-1 expression in human endothelial cells through the JNK pathway (1999)

The cell adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays a pivotal role in inflammatory responses. Quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone), a naturally occurring dietary flavonol, has potent anti-inflammatory properties. The effect of quercetin on ICAM-1 expression induced by agonists phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in human endothelial cell line ECV304 (ECV) was investigated. Quercetin treatment downregulated both PMA- and TNF-alpha-induced surface expression, as well as the ICAM-1 mRNA levels, in ECV cells in a dose-dependent (10-50 microM) manner. Quercetin had no effect on PMA- or TNF-alpha-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. However, under similar conditions a remarkable dose-dependent downregulation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation was observed. This decrease in AP-1 activation was observed to be associated with the inhibitory effects of quercetin on the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. These results suggest that quercetin downregulates both PMA- and TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 expression via inhibiting both AP-1 activation and the JNK pathway.
OR: an object relation oriented model (1993)

Programming in traditional Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) languages obscures much of the semantics of relations among objects and the process of maintaining these relations. Currently, these relations are buried or hardwired in the objects' methods and variables, leaving the interactions among related objects to the objects themselves. An object-oriented model called the OR is presented. The Object-Relation (OR) model suggests a view of the world in terms of objects and relations among them. The model facilitates the expression of the relations among objects as a new type of objects, called relational objects. The relational objects replace the implicit interconnections that typically exist in every software system. These relational objects are defined in class hierarchies or generic class hierarchies in uniform formats and can be used similarly to the way regular objects are used. Relational objects are dynamic objects responsible for dynamically maintaining relations among objects. Thus, the OR model makes traditional objects smaller and more independent, while taking care only of the relations among the objects. This results in a better decomposition of the system, loosely coupled objects, and higher reuse. Relational objects express constraints that must hold among objects. A change in an object may affect the relations between itself and other objects. To maintain the relation, a attempt to satisfy a relational constraint has to be made; this is referred to as local constraint satisfaction. Local satisfaction may affect other relations. Hence, a change in one object can propagate to other objects. It is necessary to reach global constraint satisfaction by satisfying local constraints.
Relational objects are useful in systems where relations among objects change dynamically. The Object-Relation (OR) model can be used in prototyping tools, where users can define relations among existing objects without modifying the objects themselves. An implementation of the OR model, called Midori, is presented. Midori is an environment that supports a interactive design process using objects and relational objects. A user in that environment is able to inspect and modify the behavior of the composed system.