gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quinolones:  Novel Probes in Antifilarial Chemotheraphy<sup>,</sup> (2000)

Quinolones have been discovered in our laboratory as a new class of antifilarial agents. This has led to the design, synthesis, and antifilarial evaluation of a number of N-substituted quinol-4(1H)-one-3-carboxamide derivatives 4-6. The macrofilaricidal activity of the target compounds was initially evaluated in vivo against Acanthoeilonema viteae by oral administration of 200 mg/kg x 5 days. Among all the synthesized compounds, 13 displayed activity, with the most potent compound (4a) exhibiting 100% macrofilaricidal and 90% microfilaricidal activities. Compound 4e elicited significant macrofilaricidal (80%) response while compound 5c showed 100% sterilization of female worms. Finally, the two most potent macrofilaricidal compounds, namely 4a and 4e, have been screened for their potency against DNA topoisomerase II, and it has been observed that both have the capability to interfere with this enzyme at 10 micromol/mL concentration. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) associated with position-3 and aryl ring substituents is discussed.
A dual function membrane bioreactor system for enhanced aerobic remediation of high-strength industrial waste (1998)

A ceramic micro-filtration cross-flow membrane coupled to an aerobic bioreactor has been successfully operated as alternatively the system aerator or as a filter of treated waste in the biological remediation of a food industry waste-stream. Membranes with nominal pore sizes ranging from 1.2 to 0.2 μm with the same air supply provide 20 to 70% higher aeration rates than a traditional ring-sparger. In addition, by acting as a physical barrier, the membrane allowed an indigenous waste-specific microflora to develop (109 cfu/ml) which under conditions of nitrogen deficiency, provided a high level of remediation coupled to very low sludge production. At 25°C (typical waste-stream temperature), with COD inputs of up to 9600 mg/l and BOD5 up to 5300 mg/l, reductions in excess of 95% in membrane permeate levels were obtained. Suspended solids in the permeate were also kept low at less than 25 mg/l.
A Practical Approach to a Secure E-Will System in the R.O.C. (2010)

Chien et al. (2009) proposed an e-will system on the Internet using an identity-based cryptosystem. They claimed that their e-will system was secure enough to be used in practice since their system conforms to R.O.C. (Taiwan) Civil Law. However, we found several problems of Chien et al.'s scheme. First, the Trust Authority knows or can easily compute the user's private key. Therefore, it does not provide the non-repudiation property and it does not conform to the Electronic Signatures Act and the relevant regulations in the R.O.C. (Taiwan) government. Second, their scheme does not provide any long-term validation method of digital signatures. Therefore, we may fail to check the validity of the testator's will after death. To solve these problems, we propose a novel e-will system based on Government Public Key Infrastructure (GPKI) that can be used in practice.
Determination of Lubricating Film Thickness for Permeable Hydrogel and Non-Permeable Polyurethane Layers Bonded to a Rigid Substrate with Articular Reference to Cushion form Hip Joint Replacements (1996)

The lubricating film thickness in a model of compliant layered bearings, using both permeable hydrogels and non-permeable polyurethane elastomers for total hip joint replacements, has been measured using optical interferometry, under both entraining and squeeze-film motion. The film thickness in the lubricated contact was measured for both water and a 40 per cent glycerol solution in water as a function of entraining velocity and squeeze-film time. The measured lubricating film thickness for the permeable hydrogel was compared to that of the non-permeable polyurethane elastomer and little difference was found when the lubricating film thickness was sufficiently large (greater than 150 nm). Comparison of the experimental results and the theoretical predictions based upon elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis showed good agreement in the entraining experiments where the film thickness was greater than 150 nm. In the squeeze-film experiments the experimental measurements were greater than the theoretical predictions for all squeeze times due to the formation of a central pocket of fluid which was not predicted by the simple theory used. This also occurred for the hydrogels for films greater than 150 nm. For longer squeeze times the film thickness for the hydrogel fell below the theoretical prediction. This was considered to be due to the permeability of the hydrogel reducing the film thickness when the film thickness was less than 150 nm. The permeability of the hydrogel was not modelled in the theoretical lubrication analysis used in this study.
Noncausal Gauss Markov random fields: parameter structure and estimation (1993)

The parameter structure of noncausal homogeneous Gauss Markov random fields (GMRF) defined on finite lattices is studied. For first-order (nearest neighbor) and a special class of second-order fields, a complete characterization of the parameter space and a fast implementation of the maximum likelihood estimator of the field parameters are provided. For general higher order fields, tight bounds for the parameter space are presented and an efficient procedure for ML estimation is described. Experimental results illustrate the application of the approach presented and the viability of the present method in fitting noncausal models to 2-D data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A reference model architecture for intelligent vehicle and highway systems (2003)

The real-time control system (RCS), reference model architecture for intelligent control systems has been used for the design and implementation of a wide variety of intelligent systems applications. The RCS reference model architecture defines hierarchical heterogeneous layers of control. Each layer has characteristic timing and bandwidth of sensory processing and servo control loops. Each layer also has characteristic range and resolution of world model maps, and characteristic spatial-temporal range and resolution of goals and plans. Each layer consists of one or more computational nodes, and each node contains sensory processing, world modeling, and task decomposition modules. These modules are interconnected within the nodes and the nodes are interconnected within and between layers by a communications system that provides database services and message passing functions. The RCS reference model is currently being used as a control system architecture for the US Army/Marine Corps unmanned ground vehicle Robotics Testbed vehicle. This paper suggests how the RCS reference model architecture might be adopted for the design of advanced vehicle control systems, and for advanced traffic management systems, and for advanced traveler information systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cloning of the pullulanase gene and overproduction of pullulanase in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes (1985)

The pullulanase gene (pul) of Klebsiella aerogenes was cloned into a pBR322 vector in Escherichia coli. Deletion analysis of the recombinant plasmid showed that the pul coding sequence, probably with the regulator gene, was located entirely within a 4.2-kilobase segment derived from the chromosomal DNA of K. aerogenes. E. coli cells carrying the recombinant plasmids produced about three- to sevenfold more pullulanase than did the wild-type strain of K. aerogenes W70. When the cloned cells of E. coli were grown with pullulan or maltose, most pullulanase was produced intracellularly, whereas K. aerogenes produced pullulanase extracellularly. Transfer of the plasmid containing the pul gene into K. aerogenes W70 resulted in about a 20- to 40-fold increase in total production of pullulanase, and the intracellular enzyme level was about 100- to 150-fold higher than that of the parent strain W70. The high level of pullulanase activity in K. aerogenes cells carrying the recombinant plasmid was maintained for at least 2 weeks.
Protection of n‐Si Photoanode against Photocorrosion in Photoelectrochemical Cell for Water Electrolysis (1986)

The photoelectrochemical behavior of n‐type Si electrode in aqueous solutions was investigated. Protection of the electrodes against photocorrosion was achieved by chemically depositing a thin film of manganese oxide on the surface. The electrodes have shown complete stability during oxygen evolution under continuous illumination of more than 650h. The electrodes have been characterized in terms of surface topography, surface analysis, and flatband potential using scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and capacitance‐potential characteristics, respectively. Mn in the film is observed to be present in the +3 state. The XPS analysis of the electrode that has been producing oxygen shows that the photogenerated holes on the electrode surface oxidize water to oxygen and do not oxidize the Mn3+ to higher valence state. Mott‐Schottky plots have been used to determine the flatband potential of the electrode. They show that the flatband potential of the protected electrode shifts in the cathodic direction with an increase in the pH of the solution.
THE RECOVERY OF X-IRRADIATED SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM BY MEANS OF HIGHLY POLYMERIZED DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA) (1959)

S>Reported data suggest that the postirradiation treatment of UV and x- irradiated S. typhimurium with highly polymerized isologous deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) may prevent the death induced by radiation. In irradiated cultures treated with isologous DNA the number of colony forming survivors was increased, whereas in untreated control cultures this number continuously decreases. The recovery reflected the reestablishment of cell division mechanism impaired by radiation. This effect of highly polymerized isologous DNA can not be considered as a nutritional one, since it has not been observed with isologous DNA digests, or with lower molecular weight DNA derivatives, or with heterologous DNA. (auth)
Bromide's effect on DBP formation, speciation, and control: part 1, ozonation (1994)

Ozonation of high‐bromide waters at ambient pH will likely result in bromate concentrations that exceed the maximum contaminant level specified in the draft D–DBP Rule. The effect of variable ozone dosage and bromide concentration on the formation of organic disinfection by‐products (DBPs) and bromate were evaluated. Low ozone dosages resulted in oxidation of organic precursors, yielding decreases in the formation potential for total trihalomethanes (THMs), six haloacetic acids (HAAs), and total organic halide (TOX). Increasing the ozone dosage oxidized bromide to bromate, decreasing the bromide for incorporation into DBPs. Bromate concentrations were linearly correlated with ozone residuals. Changes in the bromine incorporation factors n and n' reflected differences in the resulting speciation of THMs and HAAs, respectively. Because TOX measurements based on chloride equivalence may underestimate the halogenated DBP yield for high‐bromide waters, a procedure is described whereby bromide and bromate concentrations were used to correct the TOX measurement.
Monte Carlo Modeling of Amorphous Polymer Deformation:  Evolution of Stress with Strain (1999)

A three-dimensional polybead model of the structure and large strain deformation of amorphous polymeric networks is constructed and evolved via Monte Carlo techniques. The model has successfully simulated various deformation conditions and been found to qualitatively capture the proper state of deformation, rate of deformation, and temperature dependence of real amorphous polymeric materials. Partitioning of the stress calculations indicates that strain softening following yield is a result of the evolution of intermolecular contributions to the response whereas the strain hardening phenomenon is a result of evolution in the intramolecular contributions. These calculations provide a fundamental basis for development of continuum-level plasticity models and, indeed, support assumptions currently used in successful constitutive models of the elastic−viscoplastic behavior of polymers.
Molecular Identification of the Human Melanocortin-2 Receptor Responsible for Ligand Binding and Signaling (2007)

The melanocortin-2 receptor (MC2R), also known as the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) receptor, plays an important role in regulating and maintaining adrenocortical function, specifically steroidogenesis. Mutations of the human MC2R (hMC2R) gene have also been identified in humans with familial glucocorticoid deficiency; however, the molecular basis responsible for hMC2R ligand binding and signaling remains unclear. In this study, both truncated ACTH peptides and site-directed mutagenesis studies were used to determine molecular mechanisms of hMC2R binding ACTH and signaling. Our results indicate that ACTH1-16 is the minimal peptide required for hMC2R binding and signaling. Mutations of common melanocortin receptor family amino acid residues E80 in transmembrane domain 2 (TM2), D107 in TM3, F178 in TM4, F235 and H238 in TM6, and F258 in TM7 significantly reduced ACTH-binding affinity and signaling. Furthermore, mutations of unique amino acids D104 and F108 in TM3 and F168 and F178 in TM4 significantly decreased ACTH binding and signaling. In conclusion, our results suggest that the residues in TM2, TM3, and TM6 of hMC2R share similar binding sites with other MCRs but the residues identified in TM4 and TM7 of hMC2R are unique and required for ACTH selectivity. Our study suggests that hMC2R may have a broad binding pocket in which both conserved and unique amino acid residues are required, which may be the reason why alpha-MSH was not able to bind hMC2R.
Stable transformation of Leptomonas seymouri by circular extrachromosomal elements. (1991)

To define the cis-acting sequences necessary for gene expression and DNA replication in trypanosomatids, we have developed a selectable vector that can be grown in Escherichia coli and maintained stably in the insect trypanosomatid Leptomonas seymouri. The vector is relatively small (6 kilobase pairs) and contains a portion of the L. seymouri alpha-tubulin gene positioned in-frame with a truncated neomycin phosphotransferase gene that confers resistance to the aminoglycoside G418. This construct is maintained in cells as a high-copy-number circular extrachromosomal element containing several head-to-tail copies of the transforming plasmid. In L. seymouri, alpha-tubulin-neomycin phosphotransferase fusion RNAs are polyadenylylated and possess a trans-spliced mini-exon. Additional DNA sequences can be inserted into the vector, propagated, and expressed in transformed cells.
Platelet·Activating-Factor-lnduced Augmentation of Production of Eosinophil-Lineage Cells in Hematopoietic Precursor Cells Obtained from Human Umbilical Cord Blood (1993)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced augmentation of spontaneous differentiation into eosinophil-lineage cells from hematopoietic precursor cells was found among human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs). This ability of PAF to augment eosinophil production was significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited by the addition of the anti-PAF agent WEB 2086. This enhancing effect of PAF was significantly (p < 0.01) diminished by the presence of antibodies to interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, -beta and IL-3, whereas antibodies to IL-5 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) did not diminish it. IL-1 beta, IL-3 or IL-5 gene expression was detected in cellular RNA isolated from both medium- and PAF-stimulated CBMCs using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method; however, no expression of GM-CSF was detected. Moreover, 5 times as much IL-3 was detected in the PAF-stimulated CBMC culture supernatant than in that of cells treated with the medium. In the case of IL-1 beta, there was no difference between the 2 cell preparations. On the other hand, no IL-5 or GM-CSF was detected in the supernatant after stimulation with medium or PAF. Depletion of CD2+, CD16+ or CD19+ cells, but not CD14+ cells, from CBMCs resulted in a marked decrease in PAF-induced augmentation of eosinophil production. These results suggest that PAF induces the augmentation of IL-3 production in CBMCs which in turn enhances differentiation into eosinophil-lineage cells.
Generating models of mental retardation from data with machine learning (2002)

The article focuses on generating simple and expressive domain models of Mental Retardation (MR) from data using knowledge discovery and data mining (KDD) methods. 2137 cases (mild or borderline MR) and 2165 controls (randomly selected) from the National Collaborative Perinatal Project (NCPP), a multicentric study involving pregnant mothers and the outcomes, constituted our sample. Twenty attributes (prenatal, perinatal and postnatal), thought to play a role in MR were utilized. The outcome variable (class) was, whether the child was retarded or not, based on the IQ score. Tree learners (C4.5, CART), rule inducers (C4.5 Rules, FOCL) and a reference classifier (Naive Bayes) were the machine learning algorithms used for model building. The predictive accuracy ranged from 68.4% (FOCL) to 70.3% (Naive Bayes). CART obtained a sensitivity of 79.0% and also generated highly stable and simple trees across fifty random two-third training), one-third (testing) partitions of the sample. The algorithms identified emotional/behavioral problems in children as a significant predictor of MR risk. Our study shows that the KDD methods hold promise in recovering useful structure from medical data.
Practical Aspects of Radar Rainfall Estimation Using Specific Differential Propagation Phase (2000)

Rainfall estimation using specific differential phase (KDP) involves estimation of KDP over a propagation path. The choice of pathlength plays an important role in the performance of rainfall algorithms using KDP. The path-integrated nature of KDP-based rainfall estimates may involve inhomogeneous paths, thereby having potential implications on the pathlengths used in algorithms for rainfall estimation and measurement errors. The effect of inhomogeneous rainfall paths (over which KDP is estimated) on the choice of rainfall rate algorithms is studied as a function of rain pathlength. Rainfall estimation is biased when algorithms relating rainfall rate and KDP are used over nonuniform paths. This bias is evaluated and compared for different rainfall algorithms. Radar and rain gauge data collected during the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Experiment (CaPE) are used to evaluate the performance of KDP-based rainfall algorithms, for different pathlengths.
System Support for Online Reconfiguration (2003)

Online reconfiguration provides a way to extend and replace active operating system components. This provides administrators, developers, applications, and the system itself with a way to update code, adapt to changing workloads, pinpoint performance problems, and perform a variety of other tasks all while the system is running. With generic support for interposition and hot-swapping, a system allows active components to be wrapped with additional functionality or replaced with a different implementations that have the same interfaces. This paper identifies four support mechanisms required by online reconfiguration. It describes each mechanism’s implementation in the K42 operating system, and how they are combined to implement interposition and hotswapping. It then illustrates some dynamic performance enhancements achievable with K42’s online reconfiguration including: adaptive algorithms, common case optimizations, and workload specific specializations.
Cor Biloculare with Transposition of the Great Cardiac Vessels and Atresia of the Pulmonary Artery. Phylogenetic and Ontogenetic Interpretation (1942)

Journal Article Cor Biloculare with Transposition of the Great Cardiac Vessels and Atresia of the Pulmonary Artery. Phylogenetic and Ontogenetic Interpretation Get access J. I. Rossman J. I. Rossman From the Henry Baird Favill Laboratory of St. Luke's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 12, Issue 10, 1 October 1942, Pages 534–542, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/12.10.534 Published: 01 October 1942
Immunolocalization of ion transport proteins in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney epithelial cells. (1996)

The kidneys of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease become massively enlarged due to the progressive expansion of myriad fluid-filled cysts. The epithelial cells that line the cyst walls are responsible for secreting the cyst fluid, but the mechanism through which this secretion occurs is not well established. Recent studies suggest that renal cyst epithelial cells actively secrete Cl across their apical membranes, which in turn drives the transepithelial movement of Na and water. The characteristics of this secretory flux suggest that it is dependent upon the participation of an apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-like Cl channel and basolateral Na,K-ATPase. To test this hypothesis, we have immunolocalized the CFTR and Na,K-ATPase proteins in intact cysts and in cyst epithelial cells cultured in vitro on permeable filter supports. In both settings, cyst epithelial cells were found to possess Na,K-ATPase exclusively at their basolateral surfaces; apical labeling was not detected. The CFTR protein was present at the apical surfaces of cyst epithelial cells that had been stimulated to secrete through incubation in forskolin. CFTR was detected in intracellular structures in cultured cyst epithelial cells that had not received the forskolin treatment. These results demonstrate that the renal epithelial cells that line cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease express transport systems with the appropriate polarity to mediate active Cl and fluid secretion.
Human T cell glycosylation and implications on immune therapy for cancer (2020)

Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification, giving rise to a diverse and abundant repertoire of glycans on the cell surface, collectively known as the glycome. When focusing on immunity, glycans are indispensable in virtually all signaling and cell-cell interactions. More specifically, glycans have been shown to regulate key pathophysiological steps within T cell biology such as T cell development, thymocyte selection, T cell activity and signaling as well as T cell differentiation and proliferation. They are of major importance in determining the interaction of human T cells with tumor cells. In this review, we will describe the role of glycosylation of human T cells in more depth, elaborate on the importance of glycosylation in the interaction of human T cells with tumor cells and discuss the potential of cancer immunotherapies that are based on manipulating the glycome functions at the tumor immune interface. <sup>1,2</sup>.