gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multicoverage shaped reflector antenna designs (2003)

The application of the hybrid shaped reflector/array feed approach to the design of multiple contoured antennas is examined. The results show that a hybrid antenna can achieve coverage gain performance comparable to that of a conventional array-fed parabolic reflector design but with a significantly reduced number of feed elements. Increasing the number of feed elements results in a reduced amount of reflector shaping, which in turn leads to better control of the sidelobes and roll-off characteristics. For single and dual beam coverages, improvements can be achieved by imposing constraints on these parameters during the optimization process. For multiple coverages, however, the need to share the reflector shape between several beams restricts the freedom to control the spurious radiation. It appears that for such requirements the sidelobes can be improved only by increasing the number of feed elements to reduce the amount of reflector shaping. This design approach has been used to deal with different multicoverage scenarios including dual-beam AFSAT coverage (C-band), the seven-beam EUROPESAT coverage (Ka-band), and the modified five-beam EUROPESAT supercoverage. >
Evidence for a new species of whitefly: UCR findings and implications (1993)

The whitefly that caused over $500 million in damage to U.S. agricultural production in 1991 initially was referred to as a strain of sweetpotato whitefly. New studies provide evidence that this whitefly is a distinct species, now referred to as silverleaf whitefly. The research leading to this finding and the recognition of this new species are critical to California agriculture and directly impact the search for management strategies against silverleaf whitefly.
The Lack of Bactericidal Effect of Mouse Blood for Nonvirulent Group A Streptococci (1959)

Summary Mouse blood in in vitro bactericidal tests is unable to sterilize even a small inoculum of certain group A streptococcal strains (327W and Type 1) which, on intraperitoneal injection into intact mice are shown to be of very low virulence. By contrast human blood is highly effective. The difference in growth-promoting properties of mouse and human blood appears to play no important role in this difference, nor does the relatively low neutrophil density of mouse blood. Evidence is presented suggesting that the slowness of ingestion of streptococci by mouse neutrophils (allowing extracellular proliferation to proceed relatively unchecked) is an important factor contributing to the poor bactericidal power of mouse blood. However, the existence of a strain that is readily phagocytized, the growth of which is only moderately inhibited by mouse blood suggests that factors other than ingestion rate are concerned.
The Implications of Tolerance Optimization on Compressor Blade Design (2015)

Geometric variability increases performance variability and degrades the mean performance of turbomachinery compressor blades. These detrimental effects can be reduced by using robust optimization to design the blade geometry or by imposing stricter manufacturing tolerances. This paper presents a novel computational framework for optimizing compressor blade manufacturing tolerances and incorporates this framework into existing robust geometry design frameworks. Optimizations of an exit guide vane geometry are conducted. When the design is optimized to improve performance at a single operating point, the optimal geometry is found to depend on the manufacturing tolerances due to a switch in the dominant loss mechanism. Including multiple operating points in the optimization avoids this switch so that the geometry and tolerance optimization problems are decoupled.
0.7 Tbit/s (66 × 10.66 Gbit/s) WDM transmissionover 2212 km using broadband,high-power EDFAs with pump reflector (1998)

0.7 Tbit/s WDM signals were successfully transmitted over 2212 km using EDFA repeaters with pump reflectors, which improved EDFA output power and gain flatness. Our broadband EDFAs and accurate gain equalisation enabled a WDM bandwidth of 26 nm.
The X chromosome shows less genetic variation at restriction sites than the autosomes. (1986)

Using a standard technique, 122 single-copy probes were screened for their ability to detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the human genome. The use of a standardized RFLP screening enables the introduction of statistical methods in the analysis of differences in RFLP content between chromosomes and enzymes. RFLPs were detected from panels containing at least 17 unrelated chromosomes, digested with TaqI, MspI, BglII, HindIII, EcoRI, and PstI. Forty autosomal probes, representing a sample of 2,710 base pairs (bp) per haploid genome, were tested, and 24 RFLPs were found. With 82 X-chromosomal probes, 17 RFLPs were found in 6,228 bp per haploid genome. The frequency of X-chromosomal RFLPs is three times less than that of the autosomes; this difference is highly significant (P = less than .001). The frequency of RFLPs revealed by various restriction enzymes and the possibility that the X chromosome is a "low mutation" niche in the human genome are discussed.
Sj, a New Antigen in the MN System, and Further Studies on Tm<sup>1</sup> (1968)

Summary. A serum containing antibody activity within the MN blood group system is described. Absorption studies showed that the serum detects two new antigenic determinants that have been named Tm and Sj. The results obtained when 1,400 bloods, 500 from Negroes and 900 from Caucasians, were tested for ten antigens in the MN system — M, M 1 , N, S, s, U, Hu, He, Tm and Sj — are presented. Unlike most of the recently described new antigens in the MN system both Tm and Sj are of fairly high frequency in Caucasians and Negroes. Calculations of gene frequencies from these data are published in an accompanying paper [7].
Photoemission and photoabsorption study of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>adsorption on Cu(111) surfaces (1997)

We have carried out an extensive study of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ adsorption on Cu(111) surfaces using low-energy electron diffraction, photoemission, and x-ray-absorption spectroscopy. It is found that in valence-band photoemission a state forms right below the Fermi energy for an annealed, well-ordered monolayer, similar to the case of K-doped ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}.$ This peak disperses across the Fermi energy at off normal emission geometry. The spectra of carbon core-level photoemission show that the line shape is highly asymmetric with a metalliclike tail. The carbon near-edge absorption spectra show that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is attenuated, and a clear Fermi edge jump appears at the absorption onset. This evidence indicates that charge transfers from the substrate to the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecular orbitals and the overlayer becomes metallic. The amount of charge transfer can be determined to be 1.5--2 electrons per molecule from both the area of the occupied LUMO in photoemission and the peak shift in near-edge absorption spectra. It has been reported that many metal surfaces with originally different work functions covered by a monolayer of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ have a similar work function of about 5 eV. We suggest that the measured work functions are due to the metallic ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ overlayers and are similar regardless of the metal substrates. This is in line with the reported alignment of monolayer energy levels to substrate Fermi energy. Since the work functions are similar, the energy levels with respect to the vacuum level are also similar. Finally we compare near-edge x-ray-absorption with inverse photoemission spectroscopy to address the screening effects.
Spatial Exploration-Induced<i>Arc</i>mRNA and Protein Expression: Evidence for Selective, Network-Specific Reactivation (2005)

The immediate-early gene Arc is transcribed in neurons that are part of stable neural networks activated during spatial exploratory behaviors. Arc protein has been demonstrated to regulate AMPA-type glutamate receptor trafficking by recruiting endosomal pathways, suggesting a direct role in synaptic plasticity. The purpose of the present study is to examine the fidelity of Arc mRNA translation and the temporal dynamics of behaviorally induced Arc protein expression after rats explore a novel environment. These experiments reveal two waves of Arc protein expression after a single exploration session. In the initial wave, virtually all cells that express Arc mRNA in the hippocampus and parietal cortex also express Arc protein, indicating, at a cellular level, that mRNA transcription and translation are closely correlated from 30 min to 2 h in hippocampal CA and parietal neurons. A second wave of protein expression spans the interval from 8 to 24 h and is also remarkably specific to cells active in the original behavior-induced network. This second wave is detected in a subset of the original active network and displays the novel property that the proportions of Arc-positive neurons become correlated among regions at 24 h. This suggests that the second expression wave is driven by network activity, and the stabilization of circuits reflecting behavioral experience may occur in temporally discrete phases, as memories become consolidated. This is the first demonstration of network-selective translational events consequent to spatial behavior and suggests a role for immediate-early genes in circuit-specific, late-phase synaptic biology.
Loss-of-function mutations in the maize homeobox gene, <i>knotted1</i>, are defective in shoot meristem maintenance (1997)

The product of the maize homeobox gene, knotted1 (kn1), localizes to the nuclei of cells in shoot meristems, but is absent from portions of the meristem where leaf primordia or floral organs initiate. Recessive mutant alleles of kn1 were obtained by screening for loss of the dominant leaf phenotype in maize. Mutant kn1 alleles carrying nonsense, splicing and frame shift mutations cause severe inflorescence and floral defects. Mutant tassels produce fewer branches and spikelets. Ears are often absent, and when present, are small with few spikelets. In addition, extra carpels form in female florets and ovule tissue proliferates abnormally. Less frequently, extra leaves form in the axils of vegetative leaves. These mutations reveal a role for kn1 in meristem maintenance, particularly as it affects branching and lateral organ formation.
Data for: Emergent ferromagnetism near three-quarters filling in twisted bilayer graphene (2019)

This archive contains the data and Python code generating figures for the article "Emergent ferromagnetism near three-quarters filling in twisted bilayer graphene" by Aaron L. Sharpe, Eli J. Fox, Arthur W. Barnard, Joe Finney, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, M. A. Kastner, and David Goldhaber-Gordon and available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.03520. This archive contains the following: 1) TBG_ferromagnetism_figures.ipynb, a Jupyter notebook loading data and generating figures. The notebook has been tested with Python version 3.6.7 and Jupyter notebook server version 5.5.0. 2) HTML_notebook directory that contains 'TBG_ferromagnetism_figures.html' an HTML file generated from the Jupyter notebook, and PNG files loaded by the HTML file, 3) scripts directory that contains additional files used by the Jupyter notebook, and 4) data directory, containing all data used to generate figures for the manuscript, stored as JSON objects. Refer to the notebook for figure captions describing the data.
Combined Effects of Caffeine and Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> on the Proliferation of Osteoblast‐Like Cells (UMR106‐01) (1999)

The present data for the first time demonstrate the possible implication of routine caffeine intake in the acceleration of pathological conditions of periodontitis. Thus, we propose that chronic caffeine intake is one of the possible risk factors in the advancement of pathology in the periodontitis patient. Further research in this area is warranted.
Adsorption-induced chemomechanical behavior of polypyrrole films (1997)

We have discovered that electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole films undergo quick and intensive bending in ambient air without the use of heat, ions, or an electric field. The principle of motion was based on a reversible van der Waals adsorption of water or polar organic molecules onto the film, which distinguished it from other systems owing to electrochemical doping and undoping. The motion of film largely depended on the kind of adsorbate used: water vapor molecules caused rapid bending of the film to the opposite side. In contrast, when polar organic molecules were used as an adsorbate, the bending of film occurred to the same side, namely, the direction of bending was just opposite to that observed for water vapor. On the basis of this phenomenon, we have devised a novel actuator which moves by a spontaneous rotation. Further, an experimental “polypyrrole engine” has been made, which used a polypyrrole belt as working substance and adsorbate as fuel. When water and iodomethane were used as the adsorbates, the belt rotated at a speed of 22 cm min−1. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 383–388, 1997
Estimating crack parameters from observations of P-wave velocity anisotropy (1980)

Abstract Cracks are a very common feature of crustal rocks, and their behavior and properties under various conditions are of growing importance to a variety of applications, including investigations of oil and water resources in cracked reservoirs, extraction of geothermal heat, and earthquake prediction by the seismic effects of dilatancy. This paper discusses mapping cracks by measurements of velocity-anisotropy in underground refractors. The technique is demonstrated by interpreting the velocity measurements of Bamford and Nunn (1979) in shallow fractured limestone. The estimated crack distributions are found to be consistent with rose-diagrams at neighboring outcrops, and the degree of saturation of the cracks has a major effect on velocity variations.Elastic constants can be derived for an equivalent purely elastic solid which has the same velocity variations as the cracked solid. This allows synthetic seismograms to be calculated for propagation through cracked structures, which demonstrates that use of polarization anomalies in three-component recordings is a sensitive technique for investigating cracked solids.
Proof of convergence for the distributed optimal rate assignment algorithm (2003)

Previous work has discussed maximization of reverse link throughput of a multi-service CDMA system by jointly optimizing powers and rates. That was for a single cell optimization with the effect of other cells entering only as independent other-cell interference. One can try to extend the approach to multiple cells, but this becomes very complex. This paper assumes that each base station does its optimization independently of the other base stations. The different base stations will be affecting each other through other cell interference, continually being modified by the separate optimizations. There is then the question of stability and convergence of such uncoordinated optimizations. We prove that the algorithm nevertheless converges.
Frame loss due to buffer overflows in fast packet networks (2002)

An analytical method is derived to estimate the protocol data unit (PDU) frame loss probability as a function of buffer size when identical sources are multiplexed on a fast packet link. The generation of PDUs from each source is governed by an on-off source model, and upper and lower bounds on the frame loss probability are derived. The analysis takes into account the correlated nature of fast packet losses within a PDU due to buffer overflows. The required buffer size for a given frame loss probability is directly proportional to the expected PDU frame length, and the loss probability decreases exponentially with increasing buffer size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Über das Verhalten von F‐Säuren bei Oxidation mit Lipoxydase in Anwesenheit von SH‐haltigen Verbindungen (1988)

Abstract Bei Zellzerstörung freigesetzte Enzyme oxidieren Furancarbonsäuren (F‐Säuren) 1 zu den extrem unbeständigen Dioxoenen 2 . Inkubationsversuche in vitro zeigen, daß diese Verbindungen sehr leicht mit Thiolen wie Ethanthiol, Cystein oder Glutathion Thio‐ether der Struktur 3 und 4 bilden, die weitere Oxidation erleiden können. Die Oxidationsprodukte reagieren neuerlich mit Thiolen, so daß schließlich Dithioether 5 entstehen. Die Identifizierung dieser neuartigen Glutathion‐ und Cystein‐Konjugate erfolgte mittels HPLC/LSIMS bzw. im Fall von Ethanthiol durch GC/MS.
Interactive Image‐Guided Neurosurgery (1995)

Interactive image-guided (IIG) surgery involves the synchronal display of the tip of a surgical device on preoperative scans. This display allows the surgeon to locate the present surgical position relative to the final site of surgical interest. We have developed a technique for IIG surgery device based on a six-degree-of-freedom articulated arm. Design accuracy for the arm is less than 0.1 mm and the present implementation has a submillimetric accuracy. The display can show the surgical position on any tomographic image set with simultaneous display on up to three image sets. Laboratory results and clinical applications are discussed.
Filtration properties of lignin precipitated from black liquor (2007)

The important subject of filtration properties of lignin suspensions precipitated from black liquor has not been thoroughly investigated. We conducted precipitation experiments using black liquor from a Swedish pulp mill; sulfuric acid and carbon dioxide were used as the acidifying agents. The precipitation pH and temperature were varied to study their effect on the filtration properties of the resulting lignin suspensions. The results show that the precipitation conditions, temperature in particular but also precipitation pH, are important factors that influence the filtration properties. At high pH (>pH 10.8) and low temperatures (<70°C), the lignin suspensions are difficult to filter. The lignin suspensions are readily filterable at lower precipitation pH (8.8-10.8) and temperature of 80°C.
Structure of silk by raman spectromicroscopy: From the spinning glands to the fibers (2011)

Raman spectroscopy has long been proved to be a useful tool to study the conformation of protein-based materials such as silk. Thanks to recent developments, linearly polarized Raman spectromicroscopy has appeared very efficient to characterize the molecular structure of native single silk fibers and spinning dopes because it can provide information relative to the protein secondary structure, molecular orientation, and amino acid composition. This review will describe recent advances in the study of the structure of silk by Raman spectromicroscopy. A particular emphasis is put on the spider dragline and silkworm cocoon threads, other fibers spun by orb-weaving spiders, the spinning dope contained in their silk glands and the effect of mechanical deformation. Taken together, the results of the literature show that Raman spectromicroscopy is particularly efficient to investigate all aspects of silk structure and production. The data provided can lead to a better understanding of the structure of the silk dope, transformations occurring during the spinning process, and structure and mechanical properties of native fibers.
Implantation of Electromagnetic Ossicular Replacement Device (1994)

Semi-implantable hearing aids consisting of permanent middle ear implanted magnet, either partial ossicular replacement prostheses (PORP's) or total ossicular replacement prostheses (TORP's) driven by an electromagnet placed in the ear canal have been tested on six patients undergoing surgery for chronic otitis. The surgical and audiological problems are described. The audiological results were excellent in all six cases. A functional gain of 40-70 dB can be obtained for entire frequency range of the audiogram.
Maximized Optical Absorption in Ultrathin Films and Its Application to Plasmon-Based Two-Dimensional Photovoltaics (2010)

For ultrathin films of a given material, light absorption is proportional to the film thickness. However, if the optical constants of the film are chosen in an optimal way, light absorption can be high even for extremely thin films and optical path length. We derive the optimal conditions and show how the maximized absorptance depends on film thickness. It is then shown that the optimal situation can be emulated by tuning of the geometric parameters in feasible nanocomposites combining plasmonic materials with semiconductors. Useful design criteria and estimates for the spatial absorption-distribution over the composite materials are provided. On the basis of efficient exchange of oscillator strength between the plasmonic and semiconductor constituents, a high quantum yield for semiconductor absorption can be achieved. The results are far-reaching with particularly promising opportunities for plasmonic solar cells.
Towards energy-efficient database cluster design (2012)

Energy is a growing component of the operational cost for many "big data" deployments, and hence has become increasingly important for practitioners of large-scale data analysis who require scale-out clusters or parallel DBMS appliances. Although a number of recent studies have investigated the energy efficiency of DBMSs, none of these studies have looked at the architectural design space of energy-efficient parallel DBMS clusters. There are many challenges to increasing the energy efficiency of a DBMS cluster, including dealing with the inherent scaling inefficiency of parallel data processing, and choosing the appropriate energy-efficient hardware. In this paper, we experimentally examine and analyze a number of key parameters related to these challenges for designing energy-efficient database clusters. We explore the cluster design space using empirical results and propose a model that considers the key bottlenecks to energy efficiency in a parallel DBMS. This paper represents a key first step in designing energy-efficient database clusters, which is increasingly important given the trend toward parallel database appliances.
Knowledge discovery using KNOW-IT (KNOWledge Base Information Tools) (2002)

KNOW-IT is an integrated suite of robust tools which transform vast, unmanageable bodies of raw textual data into accessible and surveyable intelligence. Unlike most other information extraction systems, KNOW-IT extracts domain independent, time stamped information from various types of texts including news texts, utilizing more general semantic relations to link concepts which occur. KNOW-IT is an end-to-end system which takes raw texts as input and generates a knowledge base that can be utilized for a variety of information access systems, such as a visual knowledge base browser and a question-answering system.
A Novel Approach Based on Fusion of Three Neural Experts for Handwriting Recognition (2010)

This paper presents a novel approach based on fusion of three neural experts for handwriting recognition. The first expert provides a heuristic based binary segmentation of the handwritten word, and passes the best segmentation hypotheses to the second expert. The second expert is a neural character classifier for classifying each segment into a character representation. The outcomes are fed into the third expert, which is a neural word recognizer. The word recognizer is responsible for matching the given sequential characters to one of the words in the lexicon. The preliminary experiments were performed on CEDAR benchmark database. The performance of the proposed approach was measured using the segmentation accuracy, the character classification accuracy and the word recognition accuracy. The experimental results show an improvement in segmentation, character and word recognition accuracies compared to the published results.