gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Absence of Mitochondrial Thioredoxin 2 Causes Massive Apoptosis, Exencephaly, and Early Embryonic Lethality in Homozygous Mice (2003)

Thioredoxin 2 (Trx-2) is a small redox protein containing the thioredoxin active site Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys that is localized to the mitochondria by a mitochondrial leader sequence and encoded by a nuclear gene (Trx-2). Trx-2 plays an important role in cell viability and the regulation of apoptosis in vitro. To investigate the role of Trx-2 in mouse development, we studied the phenotype of mice that have the Trx-2 gene silenced by mutational insertion. Homozygous mutant embryos do not survive to birth and die after implantation at Theiler stage 15/16. The homozygous mutant embryos display an open anterior neural tube and show massively increased apoptosis at 10.5 days postcoitus and are not present by 12.5 days postcoitus. The timing of the embryonic lethality coincides with the maturation of the mitochondria, since they begin oxidative phosphorylation during this stage of embryogenesis. In addition, embryonic fibroblasts cultured from homozygous Trx-2-null embryos were not viable. Heterozygous mice are fertile and have no discernible phenotype visible by external observation, despite having decreased Trx-2 mRNA and protein. These results show that the mitochondrial redox protein Trx-2 is required for normal development of the mouse embryo and for actively respiring cells.
A broadband high power millimeter to centimeter spectrometer (1983)

A simple spectrometer is described for measuring directly both a high electric field (0.1 – 100 kV/cm) and wavelength over a broadband (0.1 – 10 cm). The combination of interference and gas breakdown are utilized in measuring the electric field and wavelength. Electron diffusion and the characteristic breakdown relation limit resolution of submillimeter wavelengths by requiring very high electric field (> 100 kV/cm).
Solid Breast Masses: Neural Network Analysis of Vascular Features at Three-dimensional Power Doppler US for Benign or Malignant Classification (2007)

Three-dimensional power Doppler US images and neural network analysis of features can aid in classification of breast tumors as benign or malignant.
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Bandpass Filter With Embedded Band Notch Structures (2007)

A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with narrow notched (rejection) band in the UWB passband realized on a microstrip line is implemented and presented in this letter for use in wireless communication applications within the unlicensed UWB range set by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The filter consists of five short-circuited stubs separated by nonredundant connecting lines in order to exhibit a high selectivity filtering characteristic. The narrow notched (rejection) band was introduced by using a new technique which involves embedding open stubs in the first and last connecting lines in order to reject any undesired existing radio signal which may interfere with the determined UWB passband. The bandwidth of the notched filter can be controlled by adjusting the width of the stubs or the gaps or both. The length of the stubs can be tuned to select a specific frequency for the notched band. The embedded stubs can be used to excite single or double band-reject response. Two UWB BPFs with narrow notched band having a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of about 4.6% and 6.5% were realized theoretically and verified by full-wave EM simulation and the experiment. Excellent agreement between the predicted and measured results was obtained and is demonstrated
Sequence dependence of conformations of self-complementary duplex tetradeoxynucleotides containing cytosine and guanine (1984)

The four self-complementary tetradeoxynucleotides which contain only cytosine and guanine are 5'-d-(CpGpCpG)-3', 5'-d(CpCpGpG)-3', 5'-d(GpCpGpC)-3', and 5'-d(GpGpCpC)-3'. The Raman spectra of aqueous solutions (about 0.05 M in monomer) of these tetranucleotides at pH 7 and 2 degrees C show clearly that these self-complementary tetranucleotides form double-stranded duplex structures of the canonical B type when the NaCl concentration is 0.5 M NaCl. If the temperature is raised to 50 degrees C, the Raman spectra show that in each case the double-helical B form melts in a non-cooperative way to a disordered single-chain form. On the other hand, if the salt concentration is raised to saturation, the Raman spectrum of only one of these four tetranucleotide solutions at 2 degrees C is changed in any substantial way. The Raman spectrum of the tetranucleotide 5'-d(CpGpCpG)-3' at 2.2 degrees C and at 4 M or higher salt concentration strongly resembles that of double-helical Z-form poly(dC-dG) taken under similar conditions. We conclude that the tetramer 5'-d(CpGpCpG)-3' is the only self-complementary double-helical tetranucleotide containing only cytosine and guanine in which the B-Z transition can be induced by increasing the salt concentration. This tetramer has several types of stacking interactions which differ markedly from stacking interactions in the other tetramers and may account for the enhanced stabilization of its Z conformation.
Synergistic Effect of<i>d</i>-Limonene and Ethanol on the Transdermal Permeation of NB-818 (1995)

The promoting effect of typical absorption enhancers and various terpenes on the transdermal permeation of NB-818, a new calcium entry blocker of dihydropyridine class, through a hairless mouse excised skin from an ethanolic suspension system was investigated in vitro. The permeability of NB-818 was markedly enhanced by incorporating dlimonene and β-pinene into the suspension. While the other enhancers tested only slightly affected the skin permeation of NB-818. The steady-state flux (Jss) of NB-818 in logarithmic scale linearly increased with increasing ethanol concentration up to 62.5%, then drastically enhanced by further increase of ethanol concentration. The trend in Jss differed from that in solubility suggesting that higher concentration of ethanol might have a strong direct effect on the stratum corneum. The Jss values of NB-818 at 25–50% ethanol concentration were significantly enhanced by the incorporation of 2% of d-limonene. Combined effect of dlimonene and ethanol on the transdermal permeation of NB-818 was investigated by comparing the Jss values of NB-818, d-limonene and ethanol. The both ingredients appeared to act synergistically on the skin permeation of NB-818.
First‐Principles Prediction of Insertion Potentials in Li‐Mn Oxides for Secondary Li Batteries (1997)

First-principles methods have started to be widely used in materials science for the prediction of propel-ties of metals, alloys, and compounds. In this study, we demonstrate how first-principles methods can be used to predict the average open-circuit voltage that can be obtained from a lithium battery with spinel or layered manganese oxides used as the cathode. For this purpose we combine a basic thermodynamical model with the ab initio pseudopotential method. The good agreement between the computed and experimental average output potentials suggests that first-principles methods can be an important tool to design novel battery materials.
Ranking Regions of Visual Saliency in RGB-D Content (2018)

Effective immersion takes place when the user can relate to the 3D environment presented and interact with key objects. Efficiently predicting which objects in a scene are in the user's attention, without using additional hardware, such as eye tracking solutions, provides an opportunity for creating more immersive scenes in real time and at lower costs. This is nonetheless algorithmically challenging. In this paper, we are proposing a technique that efficiently and effectively identifies the most salient objects in a scene. We show how it accurately matches user selection within 0.04s and is over 95% faster than other saliency algorithms while also providing a ranking of the most salient segments in a scene.
Image analysis by enhanced facet modelling (2003)

A method of modeling image surfaces that combines B.J. Burns' (1986) orientation prominence work with R.M. Haralick's (1980) facet modeling and extends these ideas to the surface region-manipulation level is introduced. The proposed intermediate representation for grey level images retains a maximal amount of implicit image information in a form geared to high-level processing, so that features can be manipulated without explicit placement of edges. The proposed model, known as the extended facet region model (EFRM), performs surface fitting, leading to a segmentation of the image where the gradient orientation of surface patches is the initial grouping parameter. The image representation scheme developed so far has been successfully applied to several problem sets within the vision field.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Suppression of tumor cell growth in vitro by a bone marrow factor. (1984)

A supernatant factor derived from monodispersed bone marrow cells was tested for its ability to inhibit the growth of tumor cell lines and freshly dispersed hemopoietic cells in vitro. The supernatant fluid from bone marrow cells was capable of inhibiting the mitogenic response of rat thymocytes to concanavalin A. It also was capable of inhibiting growth of HeLa cells, Sarcoma 180, EL-4, and BALB/c K3T3 tumor cell lines as measured by thymidine incorporation. The factor did not inhibit the growth of normal thymus cells, marrow cells, or WI-38-SV40, and F-46 tumor cell lines. From data derived from 51Cr release assays, the factor appears to be selectively cytoreductive. Bone marrow supernatant factor is stable to heat (100 degrees for 10 min) and trypsin digestion, but is sensitive to carboxypeptidase B digestion. Molecular weight estimation by gel filtration chromatography on a Sephadex G-75 column indicates its apparent molecular weight to be less than 12,000. Bone marrow supernatant factor appears to function across species and strain barriers.
“Rewiring” Filterbanks for Local Fourier Analysis: Theory and Practice (2011)

This paper describes a series of new results outlining equivalences between certain “rewirings” of filterbank system block diagrams, and the corresponding actions of convolution, modulation, and downsampling operators. This gives rise to a general framework of reverse-order and convolution subband structures in filterbank transforms, which we show to be well suited to the analysis of filterbank coefficients arising from subsampled or multiplexed signals. These results thus provide a means to understand time-localized aliasing and modulation properties of such signals and their subband representations - notions that are notably absent from the global viewpoint afforded by Fourier analysis - as well as signal recovery from sampled sequences based on their filterbank characterizations. The utility of filterbank rewirings is demonstrated by the closed-form analysis of signals subject to degradations such as missing data, spatially or temporally multiplexed data acquisition, or signal-dependent noise, the likes of which are often encountered in practical signal processing applications.
Ghrelin Does Not Stimulate Food Intake in Patients with Surgical Procedures Involving Vagotomy (2005)

Ghrelin is unlikely to be an effective appetite-stimulatory treatment for patients with vagotomy and esophageal or gastric surgery. Our results suggest that an intact vagus nerve may be required for exogenous ghrelin to increase appetite and food intake in man.
Controlled collapse chip connection (C4)-an enabling technology (2002)

Much of the technical information presented herein has been published by either IBM or Motorola This paper provides a higher-level view of the benefits, considerations and leverage applications of the C4 and DCA technologies. A key to acceptance and use of a new or different technology is its application in successful products. Although C4 is not new and has-been utilized extensively by IBM, it is different to Motorola. DCA is a relatively new technology and, thus, has a shorter history. As a foundation, this paper discusses the key C4 and DCA technical features and describes some initial product applications at Motorola. This linkage shows the enabling characteristics of the C4 flip-chip technology. Finally, future trends and directions of C4 and DCA technologies are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
VM Preferred Guests (2000)

Abstract In non-VM installations, hardware Logical Partitioning (LPAR) support is widely viewed as an alternative to VM/ESA and its Multiple Preferred Guest (MPG) facilities. However, VM afficionados know that there must be a catch, since VM offers so much more. In fact, as this session explains, running VM in an LPAR can be a viable configuration option. Because LPAR and MPG are based on many of the same technologies and concepts, it isn't surprising that they are often compared and sometimes confused. In this session, we try to present a factual comparison of LPAR and MPG, with an eye to helping customers decide which solution is the right one for them.
CRISPR-Cas Genome Surgery in Ophthalmology (2017)

Genetic disease affecting vision can significantly impact patient quality of life. Gene therapy seeks to slow the progression of these diseases by treating the underlying etiology at the level of the genome. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated systems (Cas) represent powerful tools for studying diseases through the creation of model organisms generated by targeted modification and by the correction of disease mutations for therapeutic purposes. CRISPR-Cas systems have been applied successfully to the visual sciences and study of ophthalmic disease – from the modification of zebrafish and mammalian models of eye development and disease, to the correction of pathogenic mutations in patient-derived stem cells. Recent advances in CRISPR-Cas delivery and optimization boast improved functionality that continues to enhance genome-engineering applications in the eye. This review provides a synopsis of the recent implementations of CRISPR-Cas tools in the field of ophthalmology.
Hyperinsulinism and Hyperammonemia in Infants with Regulatory Mutations of the Glutamate Dehydrogenase Gene (1998)

The hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome is caused by mutations in the glutamate dehydrogenase gene that impair the control of enzyme activity.
Methods in Comprehensive Mass Spectrometry-Based Measurement of Sphingolipids (2012)

Molecular analysis of lipids has essentially improved by introduction of multidimensional mass spectrometry. This important technique allows identification and quantification of complex sphingolipids, e.g. glycosphingolipids and ceramides, from diverse intestinal sources including liver and bowel. In the following a short overview is given concerning this important technical tool which facilitates molecular characterization of lipids in intestinal physiology and diseases.
A phase 1/2a study to test the safety and immunogenicity of a p16<sup>INK4a</sup> peptide vaccine in patients with advanced human papillomavirus‐associated cancers (2016)

Vaccination with the p16(INK4a) -derived peptide P16_37-63 appears to induce cellular and humoral immune responses and does not cause severe toxicities. The results of the current study pave the way for the further clinical development of p16(INK4a) -based cancer immunotherapeutics. Cancer 2016;122:1425-1433. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
An In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As tunnel diode for monolithic multijunction solar cell application (1988)

p/sup +//n/sup +/ In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As tunnel diodes have been fabricated on an InP substrate by liquid-phase epitaxy. The large conductance and high peak current densities exhibited in these diodes indicate that they are suitable as intercell ohmic contacts for multijunction solar cells. The fabrication procedures and electrical properties of the p/sup +//n/sup +/In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As tunnel diodes are reported. The potential applications of In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As tunnel diodes for multijunction solar cells are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interference-Blocking Algorithm for OFDM Systems: Insensitive to Time and Frequency Synchronization Error (2007)

A covariance matrix based anti-interference algorithm is proposed for SIMO OFDM systems. This algorithm constructs the interference-blocking filter without the information of the inferences. This algorithm is insensitive to the time synchronization error and to the carrier frequency synchronization error. Therefore, it is especially useful for the case when interferences are strong and unknown, such as the case in the unlicensed spectrum.
Continuous simulation of air base assets (CSAA)---“integrating logistics support operations”---a proposed methodology (1997)

A unique approach is developed for analyzing the balance between supply versus demand in evaluating logistics requirements of the armed forces of the United States. With this approach new ways of measuring combat readiness and logistics support are proposed and available to ensure that the armed forces remain ready to fight during the projected defense draw down beyond the year 2000.
Protein Kinase G Iα Inhibits Pressure Overload–Induced Cardiac Remodeling and Is Required for the Cardioprotective Effect of Sildenafil In Vivo (2012)

These findings reveal direct roles for PKGIα in attenuating pressure overload-induced remodeling in vivo and as a required effector for the cardioprotective effects of sildenafil.
A model for anomalous short-channel behavior in submicron MOSFETs (1993)

Experimental data and simulation results for submicron MOSFETs are reported and used to support a physical explanation for two important anomalies in the dependence of device threshold voltage on channel length. They are the widely observed increase in threshold voltage with decreasing channel length (roll-up), and the more recent observation that the ultimate threshold voltage decrease (roll-off) occurs at a rate which is far in excess of that which can be explained with conventional models of laterally uniform channel doping. A model that attributes roll-up as well as roll-off to lateral redistribution of doping near the source and drain junctions is proposed. This lateral redistribution is caused by crystal defects formed during post-source/drain-implant anneal. The resulting profile consists of an enhancement of background doping adjacent to the junction edge, bounded by a depression of the doping farther into the channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Overexpression of a BAHD Acyltransferase, <i>OsAt10</i>, Alters Rice Cell Wall Hydroxycinnamic Acid Content and Saccharification    (2013)

Grass cell wall properties influence food, feed, and biofuel feedstock usage efficiency. The glucuronoarabinoxylan of grass cell walls is esterified with the phenylpropanoid-derived hydroxycinnamic acids ferulic acid (FA) and para-coumaric acid (p-CA). Feruloyl esters undergo oxidative coupling with neighboring phenylpropanoids on glucuronoarabinoxylan and lignin. Examination of rice (Oryza sativa) mutants in a grass-expanded and -diverged clade of BAHD acyl-coenzyme A-utilizing transferases identified four mutants with altered cell wall FA or p-CA contents. Here, we report on the effects of overexpressing one of these genes, OsAt10 (LOC_Os06g39390), in rice. An activation-tagged line, OsAT10-D1, shows a 60% reduction in matrix polysaccharide-bound FA and an approximately 300% increase in p-CA in young leaf tissue but no discernible phenotypic alterations in vegetative development, lignin content, or lignin composition. Two additional independent OsAt10 overexpression lines show similar changes in FA and p-CA content. Cell wall fractionation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry experiments isolate the cell wall alterations in the mutant to ester conjugates of a five-carbon sugar with p-CA and FA. These results suggest that OsAT10 is a p-coumaroyl coenzyme A transferase involved in glucuronoarabinoxylan modification. Biomass from OsAT10-D1 exhibits a 20% to 40% increase in saccharification yield depending on the assay. Thus, OsAt10 is an attractive target for improving grass cell wall quality for fuel and animal feed.
Successful liver transplantation in a patient with severe haemophilia A and a high‐titre factor VIII inhibitor (2004)

We present the case of a 61-year-old man with severe haemophilia A and a high-titre factor VIII inhibitor who underwent successful orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for hepatocellular carcinoma. Postoperatively, a modest early anamnestic response to FVIII was followed by immunological tolerance to FVIII. This case illustrates the technical feasibility of OLT in some patients with high-titre inhibitors to FVIII, and suggests that immune tolerance may be induced by endogenously produced FVIII from the transplanted organ.
Deficient CX3CR1 Signaling Promotes Recovery after Mouse Spinal Cord Injury by Limiting the Recruitment and Activation of Ly6Clo/iNOS+ Macrophages (2011)

Macrophages exert divergent effects in the injured CNS, causing either neurotoxicity or regeneration. The mechanisms regulating these divergent functions are not understood but can be attributed to the recruitment of distinct macrophage subsets and the activation of specific intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we show that impaired signaling via the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 promotes recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice. Deficient CX3CR1 signaling in intraspinal microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) attenuates their ability to synthesize and release inflammatory cytokines and oxidative metabolites. Also, impaired CX3CR1 signaling abrogates the recruitment or maturation of MDMs with presumed neurotoxic effects after SCI. Indeed, in wild-type mice, Ly6C(lo)/iNOS(+)/MHCII(+)/CD11c(-) MDMs dominate the lesion site, whereas CCR2(+)/Ly6C(hi)/MHCII(-)/CD11c(+) monocytes predominate in the injured spinal cord of CX3CR1-deficient mice. Replacement of wild-type MDMs with those unable to signal via CX3CR1 resulted in anatomical and functional improvements after SCI. Thus, blockade of CX3CR1 signaling represents a selective anti-inflammatory therapy that is able to promote neuroprotection, in part by reducing inflammatory signaling in microglia and MDMs and recruitment of a novel monocyte subset.
Development of 66 kV and 275 kV Class REBCO HTS Power Cables (2012)

A Japanese national project called “Materials & Power Applications of Coated Conductors (M-PACC)” started in FY2008. In this project, we are developing a 66 kV/5 kA large-current high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable and 275 kV/3 kA high-voltage HTS cable, using rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tapes. These HTS cables are expected to offer a compact cable with a large capacity and low power transmission loss. After the cable design has been studied and elemental technologies for each component of the cable system, such as ac loss reduction, protection against over-current, and high-voltage electrical insulation have been developed, two cable systems will be constructed and verified to meet the required specifications in FY2012. This paper describes the progress and status of these HTS cable developments in the M-PACC project.
Theory of stretched-pulse transmission in dispersion-managed fibers (1997)

Approximate analytical expressions for quasi-steady-state pulse parameters of stretched pulses in dispersion-managed fibers are derived. The analysis uses the same approach as that developed for the analysis of stretched-pulse fiber ring lasers but with improved calculation of nonlinearity-induced pulse chirping by means of an approximate variational method. The energy-enhancement factor of the stretched pulse is derived, showing reasonable agreement with numerical results.