gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renal CD133+/CD73+ Progenitors Produce Erythropoietin under Hypoxia and Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibition (2013)

The identity of the peritubular population of cells with mesenchymal phenotype thought responsible for producing erythropoietin in humans remains unclear. Here, renal CD133(+)/CD73(+) progenitor cells, isolated from the human renal inner medulla and described as a population of mesenchymal progenitors, released erythropoietin under hypoxic conditions. CD133(-) cells did not synthesize erythropoietin, and CD133(+) progenitor cells stopped producing erythropoietin when they differentiated and acquired an epithelial phenotype. Inhibition of prolyl hydroxylases, using either dimethyloxalylglycine or a small hairpin RNA against prolyl hydroxylase-2, increased both hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) expression and erythropoietin transcription. Moreover, under hypoxic conditions, inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase significantly increased erythropoietin release by CD133(+) progenitors. Finally, blockade of HIF-2α impaired erythropoietin synthesis by CD133(+) progenitors. Taken together, these results suggest that it is the renal CD133(+) progenitor cells that synthesize and release erythropoietin under hypoxia, via the prolyl hydroxylase-HIF-2α axis, in the human kidney. In addition, this study provides rationale for the therapeutic use of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors in the setting of acute or chronic renal injury.
Updating dopamine reward signals (2012)

Recent work has advanced our knowledge of phasic dopamine reward prediction error signals. The error signal is bidirectional, reflects well the higher order prediction error described by temporal difference learning models, is compatible with model-free and model-based reinforcement learning, reports the subjective rather than physical reward value during temporal discounting and reflects subjective stimulus perception rather than physical stimulus aspects. Dopamine activations are primarily driven by reward, and to some extent risk, whereas punishment and salience have only limited activating effects when appropriate controls are respected. The signal is homogeneous in terms of time course but heterogeneous in many other aspects. It is essential for synaptic plasticity and a range of behavioural learning situations.
Adhesion molecule expression in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease tissue (1994)

Differences in lymphocyte populations have been demonstrated in gingivitis and periodontitis lesions. A differential expression of adhesion molecules may play a role in lymphocyte trafficking in these tissues. An indirect avidin biotin immunoperoxidase technique was used to stain a range of adhesion molecules in tissue sections of 21 gingival biopsies from both gingivitis and periodontitis subjects. These specimens were placed into three groups according to the size of the infiltrate. ICAM-1, PECAM-1 and LECAM-1 expression on mononuclear cells in the inflammatory infiltrates increased significantly with increasing size of infiltrate. Approximately 50% of these mononuclear cells were LFA-1+ and CD29+. When specimens were grouped according to their putative disease status there were no significant differences between mononuclear cell adhesion molecule expression in small infiltrates from either gingivitis or adult periodontitis subjects. This was also the case with larger lesions from both clinical groups. Therefore there does not appear to be a differential expression of adhesion molecules on lymphocytes in gingivitis and periodontitis tissue. Endothelial cells were positive for ICAM-1, PECAM-1, CD29, GMP-140 but negative for ELAM-1. Keratinocyte expression of ICAM-1 increased with increasing size of infiltrate although in heavy infiltrates, cells in the region of the junctional epithelium which were positive in small lesions, became ICAM-1 negative. The upper layers of the oral epithelium were positive for LECAM-1 in small infiltrates and with increasing size of infiltrate, the lower layers and many of the sulcular and junctional epithelium keratinocytes were positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
64-channel byte interleaver for gigabit SDH transmission systems (1992)

A new circuit configuration of a large-scale byte interleaver that forms a multigigabit STMN signal directly from STM-1 signals (155.52 Mbit/s) is proposed. The circuit based on the conventional bit interleaver, is uniquely equipped with N/8 row-column exchangers. 64-channel byte multiplexing from 125 Mbit/s to 8 Gbit/s is demonstrated for the first time. The proposed method paves the way for the future large-scale STM-N byte interleaver needed in the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH).
Arsenic Source Vapor Pressure Kinetics and Capsule Diffusion (1971)

After diffusion temperature and time, the most important parameters in capsule diffusion source behavior are the dopant vapor pressure characteristics in the capsule. The vapor pressure behavior is a function of the degree of homogenization of the Si-dopant system and hence of the source preparation technology. Various methods of preparing Si-As source material are discussed. Homogenized-source preparation is described as it relates to reproducibility and controlled capsule diffusion behavior. The measurement of the kinetics of arsenic vapor pressure development in a typical capsule system and the role of vapor pressure in determining capsule diffusion behavior are described. Finally, the dependence of arsenic vapor pressure characteristics, and hence of the diffusion, on source weight-to-capsule volume ratio is described.
Enhancing NBTI Recovery in SRAM Arrays Through Recovery Boosting (2011)

Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is an important lifetime reliability problem in microprocessors. SRAM-based structures within the processor are especially susceptible to NBTI since one of the pMOS devices in the memory cell always has an input of “0”. Previously proposed recovery techniques for SRAM cells aim to balance the degradation of the two pMOS devices by attempting to keep their inputs at a logic “0” exactly 50% of the time. However, one of the devices is always in the negative bias condition at any given time. In this paper, we propose a technique called Recovery Boosting that allows both pMOS devices in the memory cell to be put into the recovery mode by slightly modifying to the design of conventional SRAM cells. We evaluate the circuit-level design of a physical register file and an issue queue that use such cells through SPICE-level simulations. We then conduct an architecture-level evaluation of the performance and reliability of using area-neutral designs of these two structures. We show that Recovery Boosting provides significant improvement in the static noise margins of the register file and issue queue while having very little impact on power consumption and performance.
Data-centric middleware based digital twin platform for dependable cyber-physical systems (2017)

The concept of digital twin, a kind of virtual things with the precise states of the corresponding physical systems, is suggested by industrial domains to accurately estimate the status and predict the operation of machines. Digital twin can be used for development of critical systems, such as self-driving cars and autoproduction factories. There, however, will be so different digital twins in terms of resolution, complexity, modelling languages and formats. It is required to cooperate heterogeneous digital twins in standardized ways. Since a centralized digital twin system uses too big resources and energies, it is preferable to make large-scale digital twin system geographically and logically distributed over the Internet. In addition, efficient interworking functions between digital twins and the physical systems are required also. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture of large-scale digital twin platform including distributed digital twin cooperation framework, flexible data-centric communication middleware, and the platform based digital twin application to develop a reliable advanced driver assistance system.
Ring Expanded Nucleoside Analogues Inhibit RNA Helicase and Intracellular Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication (2008)

A series of ring expanded nucleoside (REN) analogues were synthesized and screened for inhibition of cellular RNA helicase activity and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. We identified two compounds, 1 and 2, that inhibited the ATP dependent activity of human RNA helicase DDX3. Compounds 1 and 2 also suppressed HIV-1 replication in T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. Neither compound at therapeutic doses was significantly toxic in ex vivo cell culture or in vivo in mice. Our findings provide proof-of-concept that a cellular factor, an RNA helicase, could be targeted for inhibiting HIV-1 replication.
Keyword spotting method based on speech feature space trace matching (2004)

Keyword spotting (KWS) has been an active research area in recent years. Based on the theory of feature space trace time normalization, an efficient keyword spotting method is proposed in this paper, with the effect of the fragment trace length probed. Experiments show that the performance of this method is close to that of manual spotting, having some practicability.
Modeling and tissue parameter extraction challenges for free space broadband fNIR brain imaging systems (2011)

Fiber based functional near infra-red (fNIR) spectroscopy has been considered as a cost effective imaging modality. To achieve a better spatial resolution and greater accuracy in extraction of the optical parameters (i.e., μa and μ's), broadband frequency modulated systems covering multi-octave frequencies of 10-1000MHz is considered. A helmet mounted broadband free space fNIR system is considered as significant improvement over bulky commercial fiber fNIR realizations that are inherently uncomfortable and dispersive for broadband operation. Accurate measurements of amplitude and phase of the frequency modulated NIR signals (670nm, 795nm, and 850nm) is reported here using free space optical transmitters and receivers realized in a small size and low cost modules. The tri-wavelength optical transmitter is based on vertical cavity semiconductor lasers (VCSEL), whereas the sensitive optical receiver is based on either PIN or APD photodiodes combined with transimpedance amplifiers. This paper also has considered brain phantoms to perform optical parameter extraction experiments using broadband modulated light for separations of up to 5cm. Analytical models for predicting forward (transmittance) and backward (reflectance) scattering of modulated photons in diffused media has been modeled using Diffusion Equation (DE). The robustness of the DE modeling and parameter extraction algorithm was studied by experimental verification of multi-layer diffused media phantoms. In particular, comparison between analytical and experimental models for narrow band and broadband has been performed to analyze the advantages of our broadband fNIR system.
Vector-radix IDCT implementation for MPEG decoding (2002)

This paper introduces a hardware architecture and VHDL implementation of a Vector-Radix DCT/IDCT algorithm. The architecture provides a true generic structure for both DCT and IDCT. For MPEG-1 video IDCT, it can run at a low frequency of 27 MHz to meet the data rate at SIF resolution with the additional capability of handling part of an inverse quantization task. For MPEG-2 at MP@ML, the IDCT can be carried out at 81 MHz clock rate. The 8/spl times/8 implementation can also be easily upgraded to handle any N/spl times/N transform of power of two.
Evaluation of the Role of the Bvg Intermediate Phase in <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> during Experimental Respiratory Infection (2005)

The BvgAS system of Bordetella pertussis was traditionally considered to mediate a transition between two phenotypic phases (Bvg(+) and Bvg(-)) in response to environmental signals. We characterized a third state, the intermediate (Bvg(i)) phase, which can be induced by introducing a 1-bp substitution into bvgS (the bvgS-I1 mutation) or by growing B. pertussis under conditions intermediate between those leading to the Bvg(+) and Bvg(-) phases. Like B. bronchiseptica, B. pertussis displays in its Bvg(i) phase a characteristic colony morphology and hemolytic activity and expresses a Bvg(i)-phase-specific polypeptide called BipA, whose synthesis is regulated by bvgAS at the transcriptional level. Based on our results, we hypothesize that the Bvg(i) phase of B. pertussis may be involved in facilitating transmission between hosts. Thus, a B. pertussis mutant carrying the bvgS-I1 mutation (GMT1i) persisted at wild-type levels only in the upper murine respiratory tract. Interestingly, a bipA deletion derivative of GMT1i displayed a reduced ability to colonize the nasal cavity of mice compared with GMT1i. However, in experimental mixed infections GMT1i expressing the Bvg(i) phase could establish an initial colonization in the nose and trachea of mice as efficiently as GMT1, but the wild-type strain outcompeted GMT1i at a later time point at all sites of the respiratory tract, suggesting that the Bvg(i) phase does not serve as a phenotypic phase specialized in colonization. Finally, even though B. pertussis expresses in vitro the Bvg(i) phase at the human nasal temperature, anti-BipA antibodies were undetectable in a large collection of sera from pertussis patients.
The Gram Stain: The Century-Old Quintessential Rapid Diagnostic Test (1988)

Although described over 100 years ago, the Gram stain in the setting of the contemporary clinical microbiology laboratory still remains the prototype rapid test rivaling other modalities such as fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies and nucleic acid probes for diagnostic purposes. Often underused and abused and nearly abandoned as a diagnostic adjunct, this simple staining technique in the hands of an experienced viewer with an eye toward subtleties and the unexpected is without peer for the recognition of a multitude of infectious agents.
[Inactivation of bacterial spores by high hydrostatic pressure]. (2002)

High pressure biotechnology was developed in Japan in the 90's. This new technology has been used in several domains, including chemical synthesis, food industry, physical chemistry of proteins. Moreover, it could be used instead of heat or chemical treatment for inactivation of pathogenic micro-organisms. Hydrostatic pressures ranging from 100 to 300 MPa cause the inactivation of viruses, parasites, yeast and bacteria. However, bacterial spores are particularly resistant and their inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure can be achieved in combination with synergistic treatments (heat, chemicals and ultrasound).
An Object Model Framework for Interface Management in Building Information Models (2007)

The construction industry's overall project performance is significantly reduced by numerous interface issues that also hinder its industrialization. Interface Management (IM) is becoming critical to the success of multidisciplinary construction projects. This research deals with three challenging problems associated with IM: 1) how to build a holistic understanding of interface issues for developing all-around IM solutions; 2) how to define and present interface information in a unified, accurate, and efficient way to improve information sharing, coordination, and implementation; and 3) how to resolve interface issues as a whole to optimize IM performance. Comprehensive cause factors of interface issues are investigated from different yet interrelated perspectives. These cause factors allow for the development of an object data model and a systematic IM strategy. The findings of this multi-perspective approach not only add a holistic view of interface issues to the existing body of knowledge but also provide a theoretical base for researchers and practitioners to seek all-around IM solutions. As a key innovation, an object view of interfaces is defined, resulting in a unified way of presenting interface information. This new technique of modeling interfaces as knowledgeable, intelligent, and active objects is far superior to the traditional use of simple relationships. The proposed Interface Object Model (IOM) framework is the first in the literature to present a comprehensive data structure and its dependencies of interface information for object modeling. This can greatly improve the quality and interoperability of modeled interface information. When integrated into a Building Information Modeling (BIM) approach, this technique can significantly enhance BIM capabilities for interface-related coordination, decision-making, operation, and management. As a first application, a systematic model-based IM strategy is conceptually developed, which provides a good foundation for creating an implementation environment for the developed interface model. This strategy aims to resolve interface issues as a whole throughout a complete project process. The multi-perspective approach, the generically structured IOM, and the conceptual, systematic IM strategy all target broad applications. Individually or jointly, they can also be applied to other domains beyond construction.
Anexos 2-9 : linha 4 Amarela : trecho Morumbi - Luz (2000)

This Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Sao Paulo Integrated Urban Transport Project, covers mainly the reallocation impacts resulting from the construction of the subway's Yellow Line, segment Morumbi - Luz, which will link two important commercial areas: Pinheiros and Faria Lima, currently isolated by the natural barrier of the River Pinheiros. The RAP stipulates that although massive expropriations will be minimized, resettlement will occur, not only for project affected families (PAF), but also for local enterprises. Based on a survey conducted by the Companhia do Metropolitano de Sao Paulo (CMSP), to promote consultation with affected populations, the RAP assumes the following mitigating measures: resettlement will be minimized as possible, aiming at maintaining, or recovering living conditions, through either household, and enterprise reconstruction, or relocation as needed, to uphold community ties, and productive capacity. Compensation will be available for household, and enterprise losses, based on market values, to include moving expenses, while, income losses will be compensated for a period of one year following reallocation.
[Duodenal absorption of a low molecular weight heparin in rabbits]. (1984)

Commercial heparin cannot practically cross the intestinal barrier. Meanwhile, because of the theoretical interest in oral heparin therapeutics, we applied our studies to a low molecular weight heparin fraction (3 000 to 4 000 D). This fraction was directly injected into anaesthetized rabbit duodenum. For an equal anticoagulant activity (expressed in international units), commercial heparin is not absorbed whereas the low molecular weight fraction mainly induces an early plasmatic anti-Xa activity which remains over the fifth hour.
Deficiency in prohormone convertase PC1 impairs prohormone processing in Prader-Willi syndrome (2016)

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by a loss of paternally expressed genes in an imprinted region of chromosome 15q. Among the canonical PWS phenotypes are hyperphagic obesity, central hypogonadism, and low growth hormone (GH). Rare microdeletions in PWS patients define a 91-kb minimum critical deletion region encompassing 3 genes, including the noncoding RNA gene SNORD116. Here, we found that protein and transcript levels of nescient helix loop helix 2 (NHLH2) and the prohormone convertase PC1 (encoded by PCSK1) were reduced in PWS patient induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC-derived) neurons. Moreover, Nhlh2 and Pcsk1 expression were reduced in hypothalami of fasted Snord116 paternal knockout (Snord116p-/m+) mice. Hypothalamic Agrp and Npy remained elevated following refeeding in association with relative hyperphagia in Snord116p-/m+ mice. Nhlh2-deficient mice display growth deficiencies as adolescents and hypogonadism, hyperphagia, and obesity as adults. Nhlh2 has also been shown to promote Pcsk1 expression. Humans and mice deficient in PC1 display hyperphagic obesity, hypogonadism, decreased GH, and hypoinsulinemic diabetes due to impaired prohormone processing. Here, we found that Snord116p-/m+ mice displayed in vivo functional defects in prohormone processing of proinsulin, pro-GH-releasing hormone, and proghrelin in association with reductions in islet, hypothalamic, and stomach PC1 content. Our findings suggest that the major neuroendocrine features of PWS are due to PC1 deficiency.
An Algorithm for Tuning an Active Appearance Model to New Data (2006)

Active Appearance Models [5] are widely used to match statistical models of shape and appearance to new images rapidly. They work by findi ng model parameters which minimise the sum of squares of residual differences between model and target image. Their efficiency is achieved by pre-c omputing the Jacobian describing how the residuals are expected to change as the parameters vary. This leads to a method of predicting the position of the minima based on a single measurement of the residuals (though in practise the algorithm is iterated to refine the estimate). However, the estimate of the Jacobian from the training set will only be an approximation for any given target image, and may be a poor one if the target image is significantly different from the training im ages. This paper describes a simple method of updating a representation of the Jacobian as the search progresses. This allows us to tune the AAM to the current example. Though useful for matching to a single image, it is particularly powerful when tracking objects through sequences, as it gives a method of tuning the AAM as the search progresses. We demonstrate the power of the technique on a variety of datasets.