gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capturing human hand motion in image sequences (2003)

Visually capturing human hand motion requires estimating the 3D hand global pose as well as its local finger articulations. This is a challenging task that requires a search in a high dimensional space due to the high degrees of freedom that fingers exhibit and the self occlusions caused by global hand motion. We propose a divide and conquer approach to estimate both global and local hand motion. By looking into the palm and extra feature points provided by fingers, the hand pose is determined from the palm using an iterative closed point (ICP) algorithm and factorization method. The hand global pose serves as the base frame for the finger motion capturing. Noticing the natural hand motion constraints, we propose an efficient tracking algorithm based on a sequential Monte Carlo technique for tracking finger motion. To enhance the accuracy, pose estimations and finger articulation tracking are performed in an iterative manner. Our experiments show that our approach is accurate and robust for natural hand movements.
Holographic ROM system for high-speed replication (2003)

Conventional holographic memory systems have generally focused on a page-oriented storage approach. One common characteristic of these systems is that they require the recording of thousands of separate holograms, whether as local pages or individually placed bits, in order to fill the memory to capacity. While such configurations are suitable for write-once read-many (WORM) or rewritable memories, they are not practical as a distributable read-only memory (ROM) format, which requires fast replicability for mass production. A typical page-oriented system using a megabit-sized array would require the recording of hundreds of thousands of holograms to reach capacities of 100 GB or more. Even with millisecond-order hologram exposure times, taking into account the added time required for changing positions, recording one memory to full capacity would likely require tens of minutes, if not hours. In this paper we propose a novel holographic ROM architecture in which the time required to produce a 100 GB-order capacity disc may be reduced to under a minute, and potentially to the order of seconds.
Engine speed control for the automatic manual transmission during shift process (2012)

This paper mainly study the shift process of the automated mechanical transmission(AMT) and put forward that the shift quality can be significantly improved by means of the control of the engine speed. The engine speed control can be divided into up-shift control and downshift control. During up-shift, we integrate the advantage of the Bang-Bang algorithm and PID algorithm and use dual-mode control algorithm including the two algorithms mentioned above. Comparatively, during downshift, we only use the PID control algorithm. Furthermore, to verify the feasibility of the engine speed control algorithm, a series of experiments on a AMT sample car had conducted. The results from the experiments show that the control algorithm can not only improve the shift quality, but also significantly reduce fuel consumption and improve automobile dynamic property.
Facile Surface Functionalization of Carbon/Nafion for Enhancement of Methanol Electro-Oxidation (2010)

We report a facile electrochemical method to produce functional groups on the carbon surface in which multiple cyclic voltammetric (CV) sweeps are imposed in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte on the samples containing carbon cloth, Vulcan XC72R, and Nafion ionomer. With supply of ambient O2, the generation of radicals from the oxygen reduction and Nafion ionomer degradation enables an accelerated formation of oxygenated functional groups on the carbon surface. Raman analysis reveals structural variation for the carbon electrodes after CV modifications. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the alteration of carbon structure in conjunction with notable increase of oxygenated groups and reduction in fluorine amount. The functionalized electrodes allow a 250% increment for PtRu electrodeposition as compared to the reference sample. We carry out electrochemical measurements on methanol electro-oxidation for the PtRu samples. The functionalized electrode demonstrates significant improvement in apparent current density and mass activity as opposed to the reference sample.
Cross-Layer Fairness-Driven Concurrent Multipath Video Delivery Over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2014)

The growing availability of various wireless access technologies promotes increasing demand for mobile video applications. Stream control transmission protocol (SCTP)-based concurrent multipath transfer (CMT) improves the wireless video delivery performance with its parallel transmission and bandwidth (BW) aggregation features. However, the existing CMT solutions deployed at the transport layer only are not accurate enough due to lower layer uncertainties, such as variations of the wireless channel. In addition, CMT-based video transmission may use excessive BW in comparison with the popular Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)-based flows, which results in unfair sharing of network resources. This paper proposes a novel cross-layer fairness-driven (CL/FD) SCTP-based CMT solution (CMT-CL/FD) to improve video delivery performance, while remaining fair to the competing TCP flows. CMT-CL/FD utilizes a cross-layer approach to monitor and analyze path quality, which includes wireless channel measurements at the data-link layer and rate/BW estimations at the transport layer. Furthermore, an innovative window-based mechanism is applied for flow control to balance delivery fairness and efficiency. Finally, CMT-CL/FD intelligently distributes video data over different paths depending on their estimated quality to mitigate packet reordering and loss, under the constraint of TCP-friendly flow control. Simulation results show how CMT-CL/FD outperforms existing solutions in terms of both video delivery performance and TCP-friendliness.
Phase Behavior of 12-Hydroxystearic Acid Gels (2014)

determined by DSC .....
Astrocytic modulation of blood brain barrier: perspectives on Parkinsonâ€™s disease (2014)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a tightly regulated interface in the Central Nervous System (CNS) that regulates the exchange of molecules in and out from the brain thus maintaining the CNS homeostasis. It is mainly composed of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes and astrocytes that create a neurovascular unit (NVU) with the adjacent neurons. Astrocytes are essential for the formation and maintenance of the BBB by providing secreted factors that lead to the adequate association between the cells of the BBB and the formation of strong tight junctions. Under neurological disorders, such as chronic cerebral ischemia, brain trauma, Epilepsy, Alzheimer and Parkinson's Diseases, a disruption of the BBB takes place, involving a lost in the permeability of the barrier and phenotypical changes in both the ECs and astrocytes. In this aspect, it has been established that the process of reactive gliosis is a common feature of astrocytes during BBB disruption, which has a detrimental effect on the barrier function and a subsequent damage in neuronal survival. In this review we discuss the implications of astrocyte functions in the protection of the BBB, and in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related disorders. Additionally, we highlight the current and future strategies in astrocyte protection aimed at the development of restorative therapies for the BBB in pathological conditions.
Dopamine-Deprived Striatal GABAergic Interneurons Burst and Generate Repetitive Gigantic IPSCs in Medium Spiny Neurons (2009)

Striatal GABAergic microcircuits modulate cortical responses and movement execution in part by controlling the activity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs). How this is altered by chronic dopamine depletion, such as in Parkinson's disease, is not presently understood. We now report that, in dopamine-depleted slices of the striatum, MSNs generate giant spontaneous postsynaptic GABAergic currents (single or in bursts at 60 Hz) interspersed with silent episodes, rather than the continuous, low-frequency GABAergic drive (5 Hz) observed in control MSNs. This shift was observed in one-half of the MSN population, including both "D(1)-negative" and "D(1)-positive" MSNs. Single GABA and NMDA channel recordings revealed that the resting membrane potential and reversal potential of GABA were similar in control and dopamine-depleted MSNs, and depolarizing, but not excitatory, actions of GABA were observed. Glutamatergic and cholinergic antagonists did not block the GABAergic oscillations, suggesting that they were generated by GABAergic neurons. In support of this, cell-attached recordings revealed that a subpopulation of intrastriatal GABAergic interneurons generated bursts of spikes in dopamine-deprived conditions. This subpopulation included low-threshold spike interneurons but not fast-spiking interneurons, cholinergic interneurons, or MSNs. Therefore, a population of local GABAergic interneurons shifts from tonic to oscillatory mode when dopamine deprived and gives rise to spontaneous repetitive giant GABAergic currents in one-half the MSNs. We suggest that this may in turn alter integration of cortical signals by MSNs.
Ferrite-Based Reflective-Type Frequency Selective Limiters (2018)

Ferrimagnetic materials possess unique nonlinear properties at RF/microwave frequencies that enable analog signal processing effects such as frequency selective limiters (FSL) with low-loss (<; 3 dB), low power thresholds (<; -20 dBm), flat limiting response, high selectivity (<; 5 MHz), and rapid response times (<; 5 us). FSL technologies can be used to add capability to radar, electronic warfare, and communications systems by protecting them from high power microwave attack, preserving sensitivity to signals-of-interest, and extending front end receiver dynamic range. Recent developments in reflectivetype FSL devices are presented here.
Design and implementation of coded aperture coherent scatter spectral imaging of cancerous and healthy breast tissue samples (2016)

A scatter imaging technique for the differentiation of cancerous and healthy breast tissue in a heterogeneous sample is introduced in this work. Such a technique has potential utility in intraoperative margin assessment during lumpectomy procedures. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of the imaging method for tumor classification using Monte Carlo simulations and physical experiments. The coded aperture coherent scatter spectral imaging technique was used to reconstruct three-dimensional (3-D) images of breast tissue samples acquired through a single-position snapshot acquisition, without rotation as is required in coherent scatter computed tomography. We perform a quantitative assessment of the accuracy of the cancerous voxel classification using Monte Carlo simulations of the imaging system; describe our experimental implementation of coded aperture scatter imaging; show the reconstructed images of the breast tissue samples; and present segmentations of the 3-D images in order to identify the cancerous and healthy tissue in the samples. From the Monte Carlo simulations, we find that coded aperture scatter imaging is able to reconstruct images of the samples and identify the distribution of cancerous and healthy tissues (i.e., fibroglandular, adipose, or a mix of the two) inside them with a cancerous voxel identification sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 92.4%, 91.9%, and 92.0%, respectively. From the experimental results, we find that the technique is able to identify cancerous and healthy tissue samples and reconstruct differential coherent scatter cross sections that are highly correlated with those measured by other groups using x-ray diffraction. Coded aperture scatter imaging has the potential to provide scatter images that automatically differentiate cancerous and healthy tissue inside samples within a time on the order of a minute per slice.
Enhanced Route Optimization for Mobile IPv6 (2007)

This document specifies an enhanced version of Mobile IPv6 route optimization, providing lower handoff delays, increased security, and reduced signaling overhead.
Textured, doped, ZnO thin films produced by a new process for a-Si and CIGS solar cell application (2007)

The properties of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) used as a front electrode for thin-film solar cells and modules play a major role in determining the maximum attainable conversion efficiency. Doped ZnO is an important TCO that is widely used in amorphous/nanocrystalline silicon (a-Si/nc-Si) and CIGS thin-film solar cells. In the case of a-Si/nc-Si cells, the ZnO thin film should be textured to promote light trapping to increase the short-circuit current density J<sub>sc</sub>. In this work, textured, aluminum-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) thin films have been directly deposited by a sputtering-based method and without the need for post-deposition etching. The morphology, optical properties and electrical properties of the films have been studied. SEM micrographs show that feature sizes around 0.2 - 0.4μm have been achieved at a film thickness of 1μm, and that the morphology can be controlled by the deposition conditions. AFM images were analyzed to extract a set of topographic parameters (amplitude, spatial, and hybrid). The optical transmission, haze, and angle-resolved light scattering of the textured ZnO:Al films were measured and compared to properties of commercially-available textured SnO<sub>2</sub>:F thin films on glass. Higher haze and reduced absorption could be obtained with the textured ZnO:Al films. Hall effect measurements on these films yielded a carrier concentration and mobility of 2.75 x 10<sup>20</sup>cm<sup>-3</sup> and 24.1cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs, respectively. We also report that the use of these textured ZnO:Al films as the top TCO for CIGS solar cells results in reduced cell reflectance and increased J<sub>sc</sub>. The novel deposition method provides a potential pathway to large area and cost effective production of a textured ZnO TCO for thin-film PV manufacturing operations.
Fast Internal Temperature Measurements in PBX9501 Thermal Explosions (2006)

We have made spatially and temporally resolved temperature measurements internal to a thermal explosion in PBX9501, which is a plastic bonded explosive composed of 95% HMX and 2.5% estane mixed with 2.5% nitroplasticizer (BDNPA/F). In order to study the evolution of ignition in a thermally treated piece of explosive, we have pushed the time resolution of several different temperature diagnostics. In this paper, we will discuss the details of the time response of these diagnostics including temperature uncertainties. The temperature measurements are made both by thermocouples with corrections applied to compensate for the thermocouple response time and with optical pyrometry. An additional goal of adding high energy radiography diagnostics to future experiments has motivated an effort to synchronize thermal explosions to an external clock. In this paper, I discuss our current capabilities for controlling and measuring the development of an ignition within a piece of heated PBX9501.
Structure of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> 024 and 056 O‐Specific Sialic‐Acid‐Containing Polysaccharides and Linkage of these Structures to the Core Region in Lipopolysaccharides (1994)

The lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O24 and O56 could be separated into higher-molecular-mass and lower-molecular-mass fractions. Mild acid hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharides of both serotypes released an O-specific polysaccharide and a tetrasaccharide repeating unit. Oligomers of the repeating unit, the core and the oligosaccharide that contains a fragment of the repeating unit linked to the core region were also obtained according to hydrolysis conditions. On the basis of sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation, fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy of the hydrolysis products, the biological repeating units of the O-specific polysaccharides were shown to be the following tetrasaccharides: [formula: see text] The structures differ from the structures proposed previously by Kogan et al. [Kogan, G., Shashkov, A. S., Jann, B. & Jann, K. (1993) Carbohydr. Res. 238, 261-270; Kogan, G., Jann, B. & Jann, K. (1993) Carbohydr. Res. 238, 335-338]. The O-specific repeating unit in E. coli O24 lipopolysaccharide is linked to O6 of the terminal D-galactose in the core region, whereas in O56 LPS the repeating unit is linked to O4 of a subterminal D-glucose residue in an R2 type core.
DPPC-RE: TCAM-based distributed parallel packet classification with range encoding (2006)

Packet classification has been a critical data path function for many emerging networking applications. An interesting approach is the use of ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) to achieve deterministic, high-speed packet classification performance. However, apart from high cost and power consumption, due to slow growing clock rate for memory technology, in general, the traditional single TCAM-based solution has difficulty to keep up with fast growing line rates. Moreover, the TCAM storage efficiency is largely affected by the need to support rules with ranges or range matching. In this paper, a distributed TCAM scheme that exploits chip-level-parallelism is proposed to greatly improve the throughput performance. This scheme seamlessly integrates with a range encoding scheme which not only solves the range matching problem, but also ensures a balanced high throughput performance. A thorough theoretical worst-case analysis of throughput, processing delay, and power consumption, as well as the experimental results show that the proposed solution can achieve scalable throughput performance matching up to OC768 line rate or higher. The added TCAM storage overhead is found to be reasonably small for the five real-world classifiers studied.
Perspectives on Preparation of Cellulose for Hydrolysis (1979)

Destruction of fiber and achievement of large surface areas are goals in the preparation of cellulose for hydrolysis to fermentable sugars. Pretreatments and cellulosic raw materials that are appropriate differ from those employed in fiber-conserving pulping systems. Alternative pretreatments to disrupt the lignin-hemicellulose-cellulose complex, remove extractives, and generate large surface areas are discussed. The Purdue processes yield amorphous cellulose by treatment of the raw material with Cadoxen, ferric tartrate, or sulfuric acid as solvents. The Iotech process employs explosive depressurization to remove lignin and to increase surface area while maintaining cellulose crystallinity. Plants with low lignin and extractives content and cell morphology that facilitates downstream processing are preferred in systems designed to optimize the production of fermentable sugars.
Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Two Low-Dimensional Materials Constructed from [Mn<sup>III</sup>(salen)H<sub>2</sub>O]<sup>+</sup> and [M(CN)<sub>8</sub>]<sup>3</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>/4</sup><sup>-</sup> (M = Mo or W) Precursors (2004)

The syntheses, X-ray structures, and magnetic behaviors of two new cyano-bridged assemblies, the molecular [Mn(III)(salen)H2O]3[W(V)(CN)8].H2O (1) and one-dimensional [Mn(salen)(H2O)2]2[[Mn(salen)(H2O)][Mn(salen)]2[Mo(CN)(8)]].0.5ClO4.0.5OH.4.5H2O (2), are presented. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, has space group P2(1)/c, and has unit cell constants a = 13.7210(2) A, b = 20.6840(4) A, c = 20.6370(2) A, and Z = 4. Compound 2 crystallizes in the triclinic system, has space group P, and has unit cell dimensions a = 18.428(4) A, b = 18.521(3) A, c = 18.567(4) A, and Z = 2. The structure of 1 consists of the asymmetric V-shaped Mn-NC-W-NC-Mn-O(phenolate)-Mn molecules, where W(V) coordinates with [Mn(salen)H2O] and singly phenolate-bridged [Mn(salen)H2O]2 moieties through the neighboring cyano bridges. The [W(V)(CN)8]3- ion displays distorted square-antiprism geometry. The structure of 2 consists of the cyano-bridged [Mn3(III)Mo(IV)]n- repeating units linked by double phenolate bridges into one-dimensional zigzag chains. The Mn(III) centers are bound to Mo(IV) of square-antiprism geometry through the neighboring cyano bridges. The magnetic studies of 1 reveal the antiferromagnetic intramolecular interactions through the CN and phenolate bridges and the relatively weak intermolecular interactions. Compound 1 becomes antiferromagnetically ordered below TN = 4.6 K. The presence of the magnetic anisotropy is documented with the MH measurements carried out for both polycrystalline and single-crystal samples. At T = 1.9 K, the spin-flop transition is observed in the field of 18 kOe applied parallel to the bc plane, which is the easy plane of magnetization. Field dependence of magnetization of 1 shows field-induced metamagnetic behavior from the antiferromagnetic ground state of ST = 3/2 to the state of ST = 5/2. The magnetic properties of 2 indicate a weak antiferromagnetic interaction between Mn(III) centers in double-phenolate-bridged [Mn(III)(salen)]2 dinuclear subunits and a very weak ferromagnetic interaction between them through the diamagnetic [Mo(IV)(CN)8]4- spacer.
Syntheses, Structures, and Catalytic Ethylene Oligomerization Behaviors of Bis(phosphanyl)aminenickel(II) Complexes Containing <i>N</i>‐Functionalized Pendant Groups (2009)

Abstract Several N ‐functionalized bis(phosphanyl)amine ligands respectively containing benzyl, furfuryl, thiophene‐2‐methyl, thiophene‐2‐ethyl, and 2‐picolyl groups ( 1a – e ) were synthesized and characterized. The ligands reacted with (DME)NiBr 2 in CH 2 Cl 2 to give their corresponding nickel complexes [Ph 2 PN(R)PPh 2 NiBr 2 ] [R = CH 2 C 6 H 5 ( 2a ), CH 2 C 4 H 3 O ( 2b ), CH 2 C 4 H 3 S ( 2c ), CH 2 C 5 H 4 N ( 2d ), and CH 2 CH 2 C 4 H 3 S ( 2e )]. The structures of these complexes were established by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. All these nickel complexes were highly active towards ethylene oligomerization in the presence of methylaluminoxane or Et 2 AlCl, producing a high content of butene (C4). Especially for 2e , which contains a thiophene‐2‐ethyl pendant group, the oligomerization products obtained at –40 °C contained 95.9 mol‐% C4 fraction with 100 mol‐% 1‐butene. Over 50 °C, however, these nickel complexes underwent Friedel–Crafts alkylation of toluene with ethylene and the olefin oligomers.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester. Volume 70, Number 3 (1988): <i>Sects and New Religious Movements</i>. Edited by Anthony Dyson and Eileen Barker. Manchester: John Rylands University Library of Manchester, 1988. 240 pp. £17.50. (1991)

Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester. Volume 70, Number 3 (1988): Sects and New Religious Movements. Edited by Anthony Dyson and Eileen Barker. Manchester: John Rylands University Library of Manchester, 1988. 240 pp. £17.50. - Volume 60 Issue 1
A study of the liquid Pr-ion source (1987)

The author has made liquid Pr-ion sources and studied several of their performance characteristics. The mass spectrum of the emitted ions and its dependence on the source operating current has been studied both with a time-of-flight and with a magnetic-sector spectrometer. It was found that the dominant species emitted by the source are Pr2+ and Pr+. Clusters Prn+ with n=2,. . ., 13 comprising <1% of the beam are also present. The dependence of their abundance on the source current is complicated and not well understood. The differential current per unit solid angle decreases with the angle of emission for all species and at all source currents. The FWHM of the energy distribution of the species considered increases in general with the source current, although not in a simple manner. Apart from Pr2+ whose FWHM is angle-independent, the FWHM of the other species decreases with the angle of emission. The energy distributions of Pr2+ and Pr2+ are single-peaked at all source currents, unlike those of Pr+ and Pr3+ which display a complicated behaviour.