gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A parallel dynamic programming algorithm on a multi-core architecture (2007)

Dynamic programming is an efficient technique to solve combinatorial search and optimization problem. There have been many parallel dynamic programming algorithms. The purpose of this paper is to study a family of dynamic programming algorithm where data dependence appear between non-consecutive stages, in other words, the data dependence is non-uniform. This kind of dynnamic programming is typically called nonserial polyadic dynamic programming. Owing to the non-uniform data dependence, it is harder to optimize this problem for parallelism and locality on parallel architectures. In this paper, we address the chanllenge of exploiting fine grain parallelism and locality of nonserial polyadic dynamic programming on a multi-core architecture. We present a programming and execution model for multi-core architectures with memory hierarchy. In the framework of the new model, the parallelism and locality benifit from a data dependence transformation. We propose a parallel pipelined algorithm for filling the dynamic programming matrix by decomposing the computation operators. The new parallel algorithm tolerates the memory access latency using multi-thread and is easily improved with tile technique. We formulate and analytically solve the optimization problem determing the tile size that minimizes the total execution time. The experiments on a simulator give a validation of the proposed model and show that the fine grain parallel algorithm achieves sub-linear speedup and that a potential high scalability on multi-core arichitecture.
Intracellular Peptidase of Bac. subtilis (1966)

A peptidase was isolated from the cells of amylase-producing Bac. subtilis by means of cell lysis with egg white lysozyme, followed by freezing and thawing, salting out, dialysis and ion-exchanger column chromatography. The enzyme required manganese ion to show the enzyme activity. Also the enzyme was stable in the presence of magnesium ion. The enzyme hydrolyzed various synthetic peptides by stepwise removal of the amino terminal amino acid of peptides and thus the peptidase was found to be aminopeptidase.
Evaluation of directional microphone drift in digital hearing aids (2012)

The occurrence of directional microphone drift following hearing aid use has been infrequently examined. This study uses the front-to-side ratio to evaluate changes in directional microphone output from new behind-the-ear hearing aids and following approximately three months of hearing aid use. Results indicate no overall significant differences in the front-to-side ratio between initial and follow-up measurements.
Pulse Laser Ablation by Reflection of Laser Pulse at Interface of Transparent Materials (2011)

This chapter is devoted to a series of studies on a peculiar kind of pulse laser ablation which is found to take place at the interface of two transparent materials. Transparent media treated here include air (gas), liquid and solid medium. This research started from the discovery of appreciable reduction of laser ablation threshold for roughened solid surface by our group. iv. this effect is not a microscopic one, but a macroscopic one, v. since the phenomenon can be qualitatively described by optics equations. Appreciable enhancement of laser absorption or the reduction of ablation threshold occurs only when the laser beam is incident from the material of higher refractive index to that of lower index. In other words, the phenomena are represented by the difference in refractive index of adjacent media in both sides of the material interface, and not by the mechanical properties of media. This chapter consists of three topics, which are (i) the enhancement of laser beam absorption by roughened surface, and its evidence through high speed imaging of the ground glass surface ablation, and its unique application to the initiation of high explosive powder www.intechopen.com Lasers -Applications in Science and Industry 132 2. Reduction of pulse laser ablation threshold fluence for roughened surface of a transparent material 2.1 Evidences of enhanced absorption of laser energy at roughened surface We have found appreciable reduction of pulse laser ablation threshold of transparent materials, when the laser beam is focused through the material to the interface of the material and air, if the output surface is a roughened surface. (Nagayama et al, 2005) Peculialities of ablation of non-smooth surfaces, however, have been reported by several authors.
ARC+(Registered Trademark) and ARC PC Welding Simulators: Teach Welders with Virtual Interactive 3D Technologies (2011)

123 Certification Inc., a Montreal based company, has developed an innovative hands-on welding simulator solution to help build the welding workforce in the most simple way. The solution lies in virtual reality technology, which has been fully tested since the early 90's. President and founder of 123 Certification Inc., Mr. Claude Choquet Ing. Msc. IWE. acts as a bridge between the welding and the programming world. Working in these fields for more than 20 years. he has filed 12 patents world-wide for a gesture control platform with leading edge hardware related to simulation. In the summer of 2006. Mr Choquet was proud to be invited to the annual IIW International Weld ing Congress in Quebec City to launch the ARC+ welding simulator. A 100% virtual reality system and web based training center was developed to simulate multi process. multi-materiaL multi-position and multi pass welding. The simulator is intended to train welding students and apprentices in schools or industries. The welding simulator is composed of a real welding e[eetrode holder (SMAW-GTAW) and gun (GMAW-FCAW). a head mounted display (HMD), a 6 degrees of freedom tracking system for interaction between the user's hands and head. as well as external audio speakers. Both guns and HMD are interacting online and simultaneously. The welding simulation is based on the law of physics and empirical results from detailed analysis of a series of welding tests based on industrial applications tested over the last 20 years. The simulation runs in real-time, using a local logic network to determine the quality and shape of the created weld. These results are based on the orientation distance. and speed of the welding torch and depth of penetration. The welding process and resulting weld bc.1d are displayed in a virtual environment with screenplay interactive training modules. For review. weld quality and recorded process values can be displayed and diagnosed after welding. To help in the le.tming process, a learning curve for each student and each Virtual Welding Class'" can be plotted, for an instructor's review or a required third party evaluation.
The PIR-International Protein Sequence Database (1998)

From its origin the Protein Information Resource (http://www-nbrf. georgetown.edu/pir/) has supported research on evolution and computational biology by designing and compiling a comprehensive, quality controlled, and well-organized protein sequence database. The database has been produced and updated on a regular schedule since 1984. Since 1988 it has been maintained collaboratively by the PIR-International, an association of data collection centers engaged in international cooperation for the development of this research resource during a period of explosive acquisition of new data. As of June 1997, essentially all sequence entries have been classified into families, allowing the efficient application of methods to propagate and standardize annotation among related sequences. The databases are available through the Internet by the World-Wide Web and FTP, or on CD-ROM and magnetic media.
X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. (1989)

The X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP) syndrome is characterized by a selective immunodeficiency to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) manifested by severe or fatal infectious mononucleosis and acquired immunodeficiency. Prospective studies in males prior to EBV infection have demonstrate vigorous cytotoxic cellular responses, which are predominantly polyclonally activated alloreactive cytotoxic T cells. Cytotoxic T cells that recognize EBV-infected autologous B cells have been demonstrated. Fatal EBV infections in males with XLP usually result from extensive liver necrosis. Males who survive acute EBV infection demonstrate global cellular immune defects with deficient T-, B- and NK-cell responses. It is hypothesized that uncontrolled alloreactive T-cell responses triggered by EBV-transformed B cells result in the immunopathy of XLP. Genetic studies have demonstrated XLP to be genetically linked to restriction fragment length polymorphisms detected with the DXS42 and DXS37 probes (from Xq26-q27). These probes make detection of carrier females and presymptomatic (EBV-seronegative) XLP males possible. Treatment of males with XLP experiencing acute EBV infection has not been successful, and current efforts are directed at prophylaxis with intravenous gammaglobulin.
Versatile Visualization of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Near-Infrared Fluorescence Microscopy (2005)

Fluorescence microscopy in the near-infrared between 950 and 1600 nm has been developed as a novel method to image and study single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in a variety of environments. Intrinsic photoluminescence of disaggregated pristine SWNTs was excited by a diode laser and detected with a two-dimensional InGaAs photodiode array. Individual nanotubes were visualized with a spatial resolution of ca. 1 microm and characterized with polarization measurements and emission spectroscopy. Spatially resolved emission spectra allowed (n,m) identification of single nanotubes and revealed small environmentally induced spectral shifts between segments of long tubes. Nanotube motions in aqueous surfactant were visualized with a time resolution of 50 ms and used to estimate the diffusion coefficient.
Can allosteric regulation be predicted from structure? (2000)

During the last decade, the classical view of a protein existing in equilibrium between discrete conformational states has undergone a radical transformation. Experimental observations, particularly those obtained from NMR-detected hydrogen/deuterium exchange, indicate that even under native conditions proteins need to be considered as complex statistical ensembles (see for example refs. 1–13). In the view pioneered by Englander and coworkers (1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14) proteins undergo local unfolding reactions scattered throughout their entire structures. These unfolding reactions occur independently of each other, may involve only a few amino acids, and give rise to a large number of states in which each state is defined by the presence of one or several locally unfolded regions. This collection of states defines the native-state ensemble. The immediate, and perhaps most relevant, consequence of these observations is that the Gibbs energy of stabilization of a protein is not uniformly distributed throughout its three-dimensional structure. There are regions with high stability constants and regions with low stability constants (13, 15). Furthermore, under native conditions cooperativity appears to be local or regional rather than global. The implications of these findings have been mostly discussed in relation to the protein folding problem; however, their biological implications are tremendous because the native state is the functionally relevant state. If cooperativity is local or regional rather than global, how do distal sites communicate with each other? How do regulatory allosteric interactions take place? How are the functional properties of a protein related to the distribution of states within the native ensemble, and how does ligand binding affect this distribution and modulate function? Is the location of stable and unstable regions a random event or it is dictated by functional considerations? How are protein function and stability related?
Influence of the biostimulant folcysteine on the interference of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) with eggplant (Solarium melongenah.) (2001)

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of the biostimulant folcysteine on the interference relationship between eggplant (Solarium melongena L.) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L). The influence of folcysteine on the competitive ability of eggplant and nutsedge was assessed with a replacement series study performed in the greenhouse at the University of Florida, Gainesville, and in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. The influence of folcysteine on the interference of nutsedge with eggplant yield was determined in an additive series field study with or without folcysteine, conducted in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Jira Moradita' and nutsedge from Gainesville, Florida, and San Cristobal, Dominican Republic, were utilized for the green house and field studies, respectively. In every experiment, eggplant transplants (15 cm in height, 3-4 true-leaf stage) were sprayed with an aqueous solution of folcysteine (0, 100, 200, 300 or 400 ppm in the competitive ability study, 0 or 400 ppm in the additive study) immediately before transplanting. Purple nutsedge was allowed to interfere with eggplant for 32 days (replacement series study) or season-long (additive series study). Results of the replacement series experiment indicate that increasing the folcysteine rate increased dry matter accumulation in eggplant, enhancing its competitive ability when interfering with purple nutsedge. Data from the field experiment indicate that increasing purple nutsedge density reduced eggplant yield, and that eggplant with or without folcysteine treatment attained the same extent of yield loss from purple nutsedge interference at a given weed density. The purple nutsedge density/eggplant yield loss relationship was best fitted to a rectangular hyperbola equation, with maximum yield loss values of 28% at the weed densities of 150-200 plants per m2. Although folcysteine increased the early competitiveness of eggplants, that effect was not reflected in fruit yield. This finding indicated that the early eggplant growth stimulation by folcysteine did not sufficiently overcome the negative effect of season-long purple nutsedge interference. Future research should explore the effect of post-transplanting folcysteine treatments on the yield of purple nutsedge-infested eggplant.
Oligomeric isosorbide esters as alternative renewable resource plasticizers for PVC (2010)

Abstract Oligo(isosorbide adipate) (OSA), oligo(isosorbide suberate) (OSS), and isosorbide dihexanoate (SDH) were synthesized and evaluated as renewable resource alternatives to traditional phthalate plasticizers. The structure of the synthesized oligomers was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR), and molecular weight was determined by size exclusion chromatograph. The plasticizers were blended with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and the miscibility and properties of the blends were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, tensile testing, and thermogravimetry. Especially the blends plasticized with SDH had almost identical properties with PVC/diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) blends. The blends containing OSA and OSS plasticizers, based on dicarboxylic acids, had somewhat lower strain at break but higher stress at break and better thermal stability compared to the PVC/DIOP or PVC/SDH blends. All the synthesized isosorbide plasticizers showed potential as alternative PVC plasticizers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Emerging Biomarkers in Heart Failure (2011)

Novel applications of established biomarkers of HF as well as elucidation and validation of emerging assays for HF syndromes have collectively led to a growing interest in the more widespread use of such testing in patients affected by the diagnosis.
Sedative Dosing of Propofol for Treatment of Migraine Headache in the Emergency Department: A Case Series (2013)

Introduction: Migraine headaches requiring an emergency department visit due to failed outpatient rescue therapy present a significant challenge in terms of length of stay (LOS) and financial costs. Propofol therapy may be effective at pain reduction and reduce that length of stay given its pharmacokinetic properties as a short acting intravenous sedative anesthetic and pharmacodynamics on GABA mediated chloride flux.Methods: Case series of 4 patients presenting to an urban academic medical center with migraine headache failing outpatient therapy. Each patient was given a sedation dose (1 mg/kg) of propofol under standard procedural sedation precautions.Results: Each of the 4 patients experienced dramatic reductions or complete resolution of headache severity. LOS for 3 of the 4 patients was 50% less than the average LOS for patients with similar chief complaints to our emergency department. 1 patient required further treatment with standard therapy but had a significant reduction in pain and a shorter LOS. There were no episodes of hypotension, hypoxia, or apnea during the sedations.Conclusion: In this small case series, sedation dose propofol appears to be effective and safe for the treatment of refractory migraines, and may result in a reduced LOS. [West J Emerg Med. 2013;14(6):646-649.]
An Analogy of Endometriosis Recognition Using Machine Learning Techniques (2021)

Endometriosis is a gynecological disorder which occurs in the age group of 15-45 years. In normal cases endometrial tissue is found inside the lining of uterus but in case f endometrium, tissue is found outside the uterus. In advanced cases these tissues may line other organs such as Kidneys, Pancreas, Liver and Intestines which is called as Deep endometriosis. Endometriosis is both symptomatic and asymptomatic. The symptoms of endometriosis is similar to other symptoms such as pelvic pain, inflammatory disease etc. Unfortunately it can be diagnosed only through laparoscopic procedures. The Laparoscopic procedures causes unrepairable wound, health challenges to the women. This paper surveys various methodologies of identifying the presence of endometriosis through the medical images using machine learning techniques includes “ Logistic Regression, Convolutional Neural network, Artificial Neural Network, Neural Network, Support Vector Machines(SVM), Naive Bayes, Decision Tree” etc.. This survey illustrated the pros and cons of the various methods.
Efficient artificial magnetic conductor shield for wireless power (2015)

Artificial magnetic conductors (AMC) offer a solution to increasing link efficiency in inductive power transfer (IPT) while reducing magnetic fields outside the air gap. A practical design for an artificial magnetic conductor, suitable for use as a shield for inductive power transfer, is presented. The AMC makes use of a ferrite substrate and lumped capacitor loading. A model of the plane wave behaviour of the structure is compared to simulation and the performance of the AMC compared to other shielding solutions, in an IPT scenario. The plane wave behaviour is found not to provide a good prediction of the AMC behaviour in the IPT scenario. The AMC shield is found to offer the greatest link efficiency, in the IPT scenario.
Pan-cancer computational histopathology reveals mutations, tumor composition and prognosis (2019)

The diagnosis of cancer is typically based on histopathological assessment of tissue sections, and supplemented by genetic and other molecular tests 1–6 . Modern computer vision algorithms have high diagnostic accuracy and potential to augment histopathology workflows 7–9 . Here we use deep transfer learning to quantify histopathological patterns across 17,396 hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained histopathology slide images from 28 cancer types and correlate these with matched genomic, transcriptomic and survival data. This approach accurately classifies cancer types and provides spatially resolved tumor and normal distinction. Automatically learned computational histopathological features correlate with a large range of recurrent genetic aberrations pan-cancer. This includes whole genome duplications, which display universal features across cancer types, individual chromosomal aneuploidies, focal amplifications and deletions as well as driver gene mutations. There are wide-spread associations between bulk gene expression levels and histopathology, which reflect tumour composition and enables localising transcriptomically defined tumour infiltrating lymphocytes. Computational histopathology augments prognosis based on histopathological subtyping and grading and highlights prognostically relevant areas such as necrosis or lymphocytic aggregates. These findings demonstrate the large potential of computer vision to characterise the molecular basis of tumour histopathology and lay out a rationale for integrating molecular and histopathological data to augment diagnostic and prognostic workflows.
How Cannabis Causes Paranoia: Using the Intravenous Administration of ∆ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to Identify Key Cognitive Mechanisms Leading to Paranoia (2014)

Paranoia is receiving increasing attention in its own right, since it is a central experience of psychotic disorders and a marker of the health of a society. Paranoia is associated with use of the most commonly taken illicit drug, cannabis. The objective was to determine whether the principal psychoactive ingredient of cannabis-∆(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-causes paranoia and to use the drug as a probe to identify key cognitive mechanisms underlying paranoia. A randomized, placebo-controlled, between-groups test of the effects of intravenous THC was conducted. A total of 121 individuals with paranoid ideation were randomized to receive placebo, THC, or THC preceded by a cognitive awareness condition. Paranoia was assessed extensively via a real social situation, an immersive virtual reality experiment, and standard self-report and interviewer measures. Putative causal factors were assessed. Principal components analysis was used to create a composite paranoia score and composite causal variables to be tested in a mediation analysis. THC significantly increased paranoia, negative affect (anxiety, worry, depression, negative thoughts about the self), and a range of anomalous experiences, and reduced working memory capacity. The increase in negative affect and in anomalous experiences fully accounted for the increase in paranoia. Working memory changes did not lead to paranoia. Making participants aware of the effects of THC had little impact. In this largest study of intravenous THC, it was definitively demonstrated that the drug triggers paranoid thoughts in vulnerable individuals. The most likely mechanism of action causing paranoia was the generation of negative affect and anomalous experiences.
Flow-Cytometric Analysis of Mouse Platelet Function (2004)

Characterization of platelet-membrane glycoproteins and their intracellular signaling pathways has become essential to understanding platelet function not only in the context of thrombosis and hemostasis, but also other processes like inflammation, tumor metastasis, and atherosclerosis. Besides their central role in these processes in vivo, platelets are increasingly used as a convenient and physiologically relevant model for basic studies on cell adhesion and signaling processes.
Design and motion planning of a two-moduled indoor pipeline inspection robot (2008)

This paper deals with design and motion planning of a reconfigurable robot that can be used for inspection of 80-100 mm pipelines. This robot consists of two connecting modules and each module consists of three pairs of caterpillar, which is operated by micro DC motor. The robot is foldable by using an embedded four-bar mechanism and compression of a spring connected to the four-bar allows the robot to maintain contact with the wall of pipelines. Controlling the speed of each caterpillar independently provides a steering capability to go through elbow and T-branch. The robot system has been developed and the validity of this mechanism was proved by experimentation.