gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and LFA-1 in adenocarcinoma of the lung with observations on the expression of these adhesion molecules in non-neoplastic lung tissue. (1998)

Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), and the lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1) are cell adhesion molecules thought to play an important role in the complex process of airway inflammation and tumor cell growth. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and LFA-1 in adenocarcinoma of lung and in major cellular compartments of non-neoplastic lung tissue. We examined cellular compartments in tissue from five bronchoalveolar carcinomas, three acinar adenocarcinomas, and one colon cancer metastatic to the lung. The compartments in neoplasms included the tumor cells proper, endothelial cells within the tumor vasculature, tumor stromal cells, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The compartments in non-neoplastic lung tissue included lung endothelial cells, pulmonary lymphocytes, interstitial fibroblasts, Type II alveolar pneumocytes, and bronchial epithelial cells. ICAM-1 was expressed in tumor cells from all of the nine adenocarcinomas. In contrast, VCAM-1 expression was not identified in tumor cells from any of the nine adenocarcinomas. ICAM-1 was expressed in all cellular compartments of the non-neoplastic lung tissue, whereas VCAM-1 was expressed only in pulmonary lymphocytes and interstitial fibroblastic cells. LFA-1 was uniformly expressed in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from each of the nine tumors and all of the lymphocytes in non-neoplastic lung tissue. This study showed major differences in the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in tumor cells from pulmonary adenocarcinoma and also provided evidence for a wider distribution of ICAM-1, compared with VCAM-1, in non-neoplastic cellular compartments of the lung. ICAM-1 expression was particularly noticeable in bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. Upregulation of ICAM-1 in pulmonary adenocarcinoma might foster binding by LFA-1-bearing lymphocytes, with a possible impact on the vulnerability of tumor cells to host defense mechanisms.
Induction of prolonged survival of CD4+ T lymphocytes by intermittent IL-2 therapy in HIV-infected patients (2005)

HIV infection leads to decreases in the number of CD4 T lymphocytes and an increased risk for opportunistic infections and neoplasms. The administration of intermittent cycles of IL-2 to HIV-infected patients can lead to profound increases (often greater than 100%) in CD4 cell number and percentage. Using in vivo labeling with 2H-glucose and BrdU, we have been able to demonstrate that, although therapy with IL-2 leads to high levels of proliferation of CD4 as well as CD8 lymphocytes, it is a remarkable preferential increase in survival of CD4 cells (with half-lives that can exceed 3 years) that is critical to the sustained expansion of these cells. This increased survival was time-dependent: the median half-life, as determined by semiempirical modeling, of labeled CD4 cells in 6 patients increased from 1.7 weeks following an early IL-2 cycle to 28.7 weeks following a later cycle, while CD8 cells showed no change in the median half-life. Examination of lymphocyte subsets demonstrated that phenotypically naive (CD27+CD45RO-) as well as central memory (CD27+CD45RO+) CD4 cells were preferentially expanded, suggesting that IL-2 can help maintain cells important for host defense against new antigens as well as for long-term memory to opportunistic pathogens.
A wavelet-based voice activity detection algorithm in noisy environments (2003)

This paper presents a new voice activity detection (VAD) algorithm based on the perceptual wavelet packet transform (PWPT) and the Teager energy operator (TEO). The basic procedure of the proposed VAD algorithm is to make use of the PWPT to decompose the input speech into critical subband signals. Then a parameter called voice activity shape (VAS) can be derived from the TEO of these critical subband signals. It is shown in this paper that the VAS can be used as a robust feature for VAD. The advantage of this new algorithm is that the preset threshold values or a priori knowledge of the SNR usually needed in conventional VAD methods can be completely avoided. Various experimental results show that the proposed VAD algorithm is capable of outperforming to the ITU-T G.729B VAD and can operate reliably in real noisy environments.
Customizing C++ to improve the reusability of class libraries (2002)

OPTEC is a language extension tool for customizing a strongly typed object-oriented language to improve the usability of specific class libraries. Using OPTEC, a system specific language for non-expert programmers call be built easily by extending C++. The system specific language supports selection of the appropriate private class from the class libraries, simplifies the use of the class, and makes it easy to define a subclass from an abstract class. The language extensions of C++ can be defined by transformation rules. OPTEC uses a tree rewriting method, in which semantic analysis is integrated. We first describe how extension and customization of the C++ language is effective for increasing the reusability of a library. Then, we illustrate the usability of OPTEC by means of extension rule examples, and present an efficient algorithm to apply rules. We also show a software organization of OPTEC and its application result.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cellulose Technology Research (1975)

The science and technology of polymers during the past few decades have been centered largely around the phenomena and the products that result from precipitating or "freezing" long chain molecules into fixed matrices leading to important commercial structural shapes such as fibers, films, plastics, and coatings.
Graphene Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles and Their Characterization (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract Introduction Experimental Results and Discussion Conclusions
Vaccine components and constituents: responding to consumer concerns (2006)

Vaccination remains a vital strategy in the prevention of infectious disease. Commercial vaccine formulations contain a range of additives or manufacturing residuals, which may contribute to patient concerns about vaccine safety. Primary health care professionals are well placed to address patient concerns about vaccine safety. We describe the key constituents present in vaccines, discuss issues related to safety and acceptability of these constituents, and provide a table highlighting constituents of commercially available vaccines in Australia.
Concentrating Solar Power Gen3 Demonstration Roadmap (2017)

Today's power-tower concentrating solar power (CSP) technology exists in large part as a result of Department of Energy (DOE) and utility industry funding of demonstration systems in the 1980s and 1990s. Today's most advanced towers are integrated with molten-salt thermal energy storage, delivering thermal energy at 565 degrees C for integration with conventional steam-Rankine cycles. The supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle has been identified as a likely successor to the steam-Rankine power cycle due to its potential for high efficiency when operating at elevated temperatures of 700 degrees C or greater. Over the course of the SunShot Initiative, DOE has supported a number of technology pathways that can operate efficiently at these temperatures and that hold promise to be reliable and cost effective. Three pathways - molten salt, particle, and gaseous - were selected for further investigation based on a two-day workshop held in August of 2016. The information contained in this roadmap identifies research and development challenges and lays out recommended research activities for each of the three pathways. DOE foresees that by successfully addressing the challenges identified in this roadmap, one or more technology pathways will be positioned for demonstration and subsequent commercialization within the next ten years. Based on current knowledge of the three power tower technologies, all three have the potential to achieve the SunShot goal of 6 cents/kilowatt-hour. Further development, modeling, and testing are now required to bring one or more of the technologies to a stage where integrated system tests and pilot demonstrations are feasible.
Subcellular Localization of the Major Autolysin, ATL and Its Processed Proteins in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1997)

The Staphylococcus aureus autolysin gene, atl, encodes a unique 138-kDa protein (ATL) with amidase and glucosaminidase domains. ATL has been suggested to undergo proteolytic processing to generate two extracellular peptidoglycan hydrolases, 51-kDa endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (51-kDa GL) and 62-kDa N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase (62-kDa AM). To investigate cell-associated bacteriolytic enzymes for atl gene products, proteins were extracted from the cells as follows. The cells were exposed to 3 M LiCl followed by 4% SDS. Thereafter, the cells were disrupted and again extracted with 4% SDS. Whole SDS-stable cell-associated bacteriolytic proteins were extracted without disrupting the cells. Exposure to 3 M LiCl released major 138-, 115-, 85-, 62- and 51-kDa bacteriolytic proteins, and subsequent 4% SDS extraction released major 138- and 115-kDa bacteriolytic proteins. These bacteriolytic proteins were missing in extracts of atl mutant RUSAL2 (S. aureus RN450 atl::Tn551). Immunoblotting studies suggest that these are all atl gene products: the 138-kDa protein is an ATL with a cleaved signal sequence; the 115- and 85-kDa proteins are intermediates; and the 51- and 62-kDa proteins are cell-associated 51-kDa GL and 62-kDa AM, respectively. The trypsin susceptibility of these proteins suggests that they are located outside the cell membrane. Differences in extractability and immunoelectron microscopic studies suggest that atl gene products are associated with cells in two different ways, LiCl extractable and non extractable. We suggest that the 138-kDa ATL undergoes processing through intermediate proteins (115- and 85-kDa proteins) to mature as the active cell cluster-dispersing enzymes 51-kDa GL and 62-kDa AM on the cell surface.
A Performance Comparison of Tightly Coupled GPS/INS Navigation Systems based on Extended and Sigma Point Kalman Filters (2006)

: In tightly coupled GPS/INS integration, the data fusion algorithm is faced with nonlinear system dynamics and measurement models. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) approximates the propagation of Gaussian random vectors through these nonlinear equations using a linear transformation. This captures mean and covariance to first order accuracy only. Sigma-point Kalman filters (SPKF) offer third order accuracy. In this paper, the performance of EKF-based and SPKF-based tightly coupled GPS/INS systems is compared in numerical simulations. The simulation results were confirmed by post-processing raw GPS and inertial sensor data that was recorded during a test drive. It was found that, except for specific situations without practical relevance, EKF and SPKF offer an identical performance. This is due to the fact that for tightly coupled—as well as loosely coupled—GPS/INS integration, the higher-order transformation terms are negligible. This result was shown analytically.
Color graphic display. (1985)

Recently computer graphics technology is developing rapidly. In the field of the fusion plasma physics, too, this technology is useful to analyze and clearly show complicated three dimensional processes. In this report, hardware configuration of a color graphic display is summarized.
Control of peroxisome proliferation in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> by <i>ADR1, SNF1 (CAT1, CCR1)</i> and <i>SNF4 (CAT3)</i> (1992)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADR1 gene has recently been demonstrated to control transcription of several genes encoding peroxisomal proteins or proteins necessary for peroxisome formation. Therefore, the effect of two other genes (SNF1 (CAT1, CCR1) and SNF4 (CAT3)) known to control derepression of glucose-repressible genes was studied. Levels of transcripts of genes encoding catalase A, fatty acid beta-oxidation enzymes and of the PAS1 gene are reduced in snf1 and snf4 mutants on ethanol as well as on oleic acid medium. By immunogold labelling with an antibody directed against peroxisomal thiolase, clusters of peroxisomes were detected in wild-type cells, whereas smaller single peroxisomes were observed in adr1 mutant cells. Results of immunofluorescence experiments are consistent with these observations. No peroxisomes were detected in snf1 and snf4 mutants by immunogold labelling as well as by immunofluorescence.
Quantitative and Atomic-Scale View of CO-Induced Pt Nanoparticle Surface Reconstruction at Saturation Coverage via DFT Calculations Coupled with <i>in Situ</i> TEM and IR (2017)

Atomic-scale insights into how supported metal nanoparticles catalyze chemical reactions are critical for the optimization of chemical conversion processes. It is well-known that different geometric configurations of surface atoms on supported metal nanoparticles have different catalytic reactivity and that the adsorption of reactive species can cause reconstruction of metal surfaces. Thus, characterizing metallic surface structures under reaction conditions at atomic scale is critical for understanding reactivity. Elucidation of such insights on high surface area oxide supported metal nanoparticles has been limited by less than atomic resolution typically achieved by environmental transmission electron microscopy (TEM) when operated under realistic conditions and a lack of correlated experimental measurements providing quantitative information about the distribution of exposed surface atoms under relevant reaction conditions. We overcome these limitations by correlating density functional theory predictions of adsorbate-induced surface reconstruction visually with atom-resolved imaging by in situ TEM and quantitatively with sample-averaged measurements of surface atom configurations by in situ infrared spectroscopy all at identical saturation adsorbate coverage. This is demonstrated for platinum (Pt) nanoparticle surface reconstruction induced by CO adsorption at saturation coverage and elevated (>400 K) temperature, which is relevant for the CO oxidation reaction under cold-start conditions in the catalytic convertor. Through our correlated approach, it is observed that the truncated octahedron shape adopted by bare Pt nanoparticles undergoes a reversible, facet selective reconstruction due to saturation CO coverage, where {100} facets roughen into vicinal stepped high Miller index facets, while {111} facets remain intact.
Site-Specific Conjugation of Native Antibodies Using Engineered Microbial Transglutaminases (2020)

Site-specific bioconjugation technologies are frequently employed to generate homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and are generally considered superior to stochastic approaches like lysine coupling. However, most of the technologies developed so far require undesired manipulation of the antibody sequence or its glycan structures. Herein, we report the successful engineering of microbial transglutaminase enabling efficient, site-specific conjugation of drug-linker constructs to position HC-Q295 of native, fully glycosylated IgG-type antibodies. ADCs generated via this approach demonstrate excellent stability <i>in vitro</i> as well as strong efficacy <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. As it employs different drug-linker structures and several native antibodies, our study additionally proves the broad applicability of this approach.
Improved Estimation of the Ranking Probabilities in Partial Orders Using Random Linear Extensions by Approximation of the Mutual Ranking Probability (2003)

The application of partial order theory and Hasse diagram technique in environmental science is getting increasing attention. One of the latest developments in the field of Hasse diagram technique is the use of random linear extensions to estimate ranking probabilities. In the original algorithm for estimating the ranking probability it is assumed that the order between two incomparable pair of objects can be chosen randomly. However, if the total set of linear extensions is considered there is a specific probability that one object will be larger than another, which can be far from 50%. In this study it is investigated if an approximation of the mutual ranking probability can improve the algorithm. Applying an approximation of the mutual ranking probability the estimation of the ranking probabilities are significantly improved. Using a test set of 39 partial orders with randomly chosen values the relative mean root square difference (MRSD) decrease in average from 7.9% to 2.2% and a maximum relative improvement of 90% can be found. In the most successful case the relative MRSD goes as low as 0.77%.
Structured Estolides: Control of Length and Sequence (2007)

Abstract Using ester‐forming reactions such as carbodiimide coupling and a modified Yamaguchi symmetrical anhydride method, a variety of estolides based on 17‐hydroxy oleic and 17‐hydroxy stearic acid have been prepared. These hydroxy fatty acids are produced in good yields from hydrolysis of sophorolipids, which are in turn derived from fermentation of fats and oils. Since the estolides are formed one unit, or ester bond, at a time, their length and sequence can be precisely controlled. The key to this control is the use of protecting groups at either the carboxylic or hydroxy end of the starting hydroxy fatty acids. Two mono‐protected dimers, for example, when combined in a fragment‐condensation approach, give a tetramer with no “contamination” from estolides of other lengths. This methodology opens the way to functionalized estolides, and several variants were prepared: hybrid estolides, containing non‐fatty acid moieties such as amino acids; polymerizable estolides, containing a norbornene unit; and non‐linear estolides that extend from a branched core such as glycerol or pentaerythritol. With the benzoyl chloride‐mediated symmetrical anhydride method, yields for individual coupling steps ranged from 75 to 93%.
Two Distinct Mechanisms For Induction of Dendritic Cell Apoptosis in Response to Intact <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2003)

Apoptotic dendritic cells (DCs) are ineffective at inducing immunity. Thus, parameters that regulate DC viability during a primary infection will help to determine the outcome of the subsequent immune response. In this regard, pathogens have developed strategies to promote DC apoptosis to counterbalance the nascent primary immune response. We demonstrate, using cultured bone marrow-derived DCs, that Streptococcus pneumoniae can induce DC apoptosis through two distinct mechanisms: 1) a rapid, caspase-independent mechanism of apoptosis induction, critically dependent on bacterial expression of pneumolysin, and 2) a delayed-onset, caspase-dependent mechanism of apoptosis induction associated with terminal DC maturation. Delayed-onset apoptosis does not require bacterial internalization, but rather is triggered by the interaction of bacterial subcapsular components and bone marrow-derived DC (likely Toll-like) receptors acting in a myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent manner. In this regard, heavy polysaccharide encapsulation interferes with both DC maturation and apoptosis induction. In contrast, neither CD95/CD95 ligand interactions nor TNF-alpha appear to play a role in the delayed onset of apoptosis. These data are the first to define two mechanistically distinct pathways of DC apoptosis induction in response to an extracellular bacterium that likely have important consequences for the establishment of antibacterial immunity.
Long-range spatiotemporal motion understanding using spatiotemporal flow curves (2002)

A spatiotemporal (ST) image cube, created by stacking a temporally dense sequence of images together, is a temporally coherent data representation. Using ST surface flow, i.e., the extension of optical flow to ST surfaces, it is shown how ST flow curves can be recovered and then used to detect groups of flow curves such that each group represents a single object or surface in the scene undergoing motion. The algorithm forms clusters of similar flow curves and is based on constraints called the temporal uniqueness constraints. First, a point in an image can only move to at most one point in the next image. Second, a point in an image can come from at most one point in the previous image. When these constraints are violated, or it appears that they are violated, occlusion or disocclusion has occurred and therefore can also be detected. Successful grouping of coherent regions of the ST cube for two gray-level image sequences is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and reactivity of intermediates formed in the T<sup>4</sup>RNA ligase reaction (1987)

The intermediate adenylated donor derivatives A(5')pp(5')dTp and A(5')pp(5')GpGpGp have been prepared from suitable phosphorylating reagents activated by 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Phosphodiester bond formation between donor and acceptor oligonucleotides as catalyzed by T4 RNA ligase is shown to be more efficient when the adenylated form of the donor molecule is used.
Investigations into soccer aerodynamics via trajectory analysis and dust experiments (2012)

We present a summary of our investigations into the aerodynamics of soccer balls (association footballs). Using a ball launcher and high-speed cameras, we are able to determine drag and lift coefficients using trajectory analysis. Advantages of this approach over wind tunnels include studying balls in flight without a support rod, which may influence aerodynamic studies in wind tunnels, and the ability to determine lift coefficients in regions inaccessible by many wind tunnels. We have found lift coefficients for spin parameters between 0 and 1 and Reynolds numbers between 130,000 and 300,000. Launching a ball into a dust cloud allows for the study of boundary-layer separation, again without the need of a support rod, which is needed for wind-tunnel studies. We have found boundary-layer separation angles in and around the drag crisis. Anomalous behavior is seen just past the drag crisis.
Liposomal membranes. 13. Transport of an amino acid across liposomal bilayers as mediated by a photoresponsive carrier (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiposomal membranes. 13. Transport of an amino acid across liposomal bilayers as mediated by a photoresponsive carrierJunzo Sunamoto, Kiyoshi Iwamoto, Yukio Mohri, and Tetsumi KominatoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 20, 5502–5504Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00384a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00384a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views525Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts