gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spike timing dependent plasticity: a consequence of more fundamental learning rules (2010)

Spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) is a phenomenon in which the precise timing of spikes affects the sign and magnitude of changes in synaptic strength. STDP is often interpreted as the comprehensive learning rule for a synapse - the "first law" of synaptic plasticity. This interpretation is made explicit in theoretical models in which the total plasticity produced by complex spike patterns results from a superposition of the effects of all spike pairs. Although such models are appealing for their simplicity, they can fail dramatically. For example, the measured single-spike learning rule between hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons does not predict the existence of long-term potentiation one of the best-known forms of synaptic plasticity. Layers of complexity have been added to the basic STDP model to repair predictive failures, but they have been outstripped by experimental data. We propose an alternate first law: neural activity triggers changes in key biochemical intermediates, which act as a more direct trigger of plasticity mechanisms. One particularly successful model uses intracellular calcium as the intermediate and can account for many observed properties of bidirectional plasticity. In this formulation, STDP is not itself the basis for explaining other forms of plasticity, but is instead a consequence of changes in the biochemical intermediate, calcium. Eventually a mechanism-based framework for learning rules should include other messengers, discrete change at individual synapses, spread of plasticity among neighboring synapses, and priming of hidden processes that change a synapse's susceptibility to future change. Mechanism-based models provide a rich framework for the computational representation of synaptic plasticity.
Dendritic processes of osteocytes are mechanotransducers that induce the opening of hemichannels (2010)

Osteocytes with long dendritic processes are known to sense mechanical loading, which is essential for bone remodeling. There has been a long-standing debate with regard to which part(s) of osteocyte, the cell body versus the dendritic process, acts as a mechanical sensor. To address this question experimentally, we used a transwell filter system that differentiates the cell body from the dendritic processes. Mechanical loading was applied to either the cell body or the dendrites, and the osteocyte's response was observed through connexin 43 hemichannel opening. The hemichannels located on the cell body were induced to open when mechanical loading was applied to either the dendritic processes or the cell body. However, no significant hemichannel activity in the dendrites was detected when either part of the cell was mechanically stimulated. Disruption of the glycocalyx by hyaluronidase on the dendrite side alone is sufficient to diminish a dendrite's ability to induce the opening of hemichannels on the cell body, while hyaluronidase has no such effect when applied to the cell body. Importantly, hyaluronidase treatment to the dendrite side resulted in formation of poor integrin attachments with the reduced ability of the dendrites to form integrin attachments on the underside of the transwell filter. Together, our study suggests that the glycocalyx of the osteocyte dendritic process is required for forming strong integrin attachments. These integrin attachments probably serve as the mechanotransducers that transmit the mechanical signals to the cell body leading to the opening of hemichannels, which permits rapid exchange of factors important for bone remodeling.
Application of Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide photovoltaic cells to extend the endurance and capabilities of the Raven RQ-11B Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (2010)

Prior thesis work has demonstrated the possibility of extending the flight time of military Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (SUAV) by 200% with the implementation of thinfilm photovoltaic (TFPV) cells. In this thesis, we investigate how thin-film photovoltaic cells, made out of Copper Indium Gallium Di-Selenide (CIGS) semiconductor materials and mounted on the wings of the Raven RQ-11B SUAV, provide sufficient electrical power to fully operate the UAV for extended periods of time. This research focuses on extending the flight time of the Raven RQ-11B and on minimizing its sole dependence on lithium-ion batteries. This research will also demonstrate that increasing the size of the wings, adding a DC to DC power converter, and using a Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) will enable the Raven RQ-11B to keep its lithium-ion battery charging continuously, while operating under varying daylight conditions. Additionally, this research will investigate the advantage of enabling systems on the ground to "self-charge." This will enable tactical units to operate in any field, to include areas where power sources are unavailable.
A device for measuring potentially hazardous forces on medical equipment for patient transport (2010)

Transport of critically ill patients has been identified as a risky procedure. Among other factors, it exposes subjects to external forces (not limited to mechanical shocks) that can be detrimental to the physical condition of humans. Intra- or interhospital transfers are associated with a high leve
[Experimental study on pharmacodynamical of Oxalis griffithii, a national medicine in Guizhou]. (2005)

These results suggested that Oxalis griffithii had the effects of antinflammatory, pyretolysis, and safety.
Remotely programmable routing device with optical clock division (1995)

We demonstrate the first time-division routing (demultiplexing) device that operates entirely in the optical domain. The device is remotely programmable: the data channels that are present during the device start-up are routed to one of the two output ports, the remaining channels are routed to the other port.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Power electronics: circuits, devices, and applications (1989)

1. Introduction. 2. Power Semiconductor Diodes and Circuits. 3. Diode Rectifiers. 4. Power Transistors. 5. DC-DC Converters. 6. Pulse-width Modulated Inverters. 7. Thyristors. 8. Resonant Pulse Inverters. 9. Multilevel Inverters. 10. Controlled Rectifiers. 11. AC Voltage Controllers. 12. Static Switches. 13. Flexible AC Transmission Systems. 14. Power Supplies. 15. DC Drives. 16. AC Drives. 17. Gate Drive Circuits. 18. Protection of Devices and Circuits. Appendices: Three-phase Circuits, Magnetic Circuits, Switching Functions of Converters, DC Transient Analysis, Fourier Analysis, Thyristor Commutation Techniques, Data Sheets.
Synthesis of Functionalized Mono-, Di-, Tri-, and Tetraphosphines: Attempted Application to Prepare Hyperbranched Polymers and Dendrimers Built with Phosphines at Each Branching Point (2000)

The synthesis of several functionalized mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraphosphines is described. These compounds are used for the attempted preparation of hyperbranched polymers and dendrimers possessing free phosphino groups at each branching point within the structure. These attempts were not fully successful, but several phosphaacetylenic derivatives have been isolated.
Synthesis of pyrazoles and oxyquinoxalines from 2,4‐dioxohexenoales (1973)

Abstract Condensation of ethyl 2,4‐dioxo‐6‐phenylhex‐5‐enoates (I; R = H, I; R = Me, I, R = Ph) with various hydrazines yielded ethyl 5‐styrylpyrazole‐3‐carboxylates (III), which were hydrolyzed to the acids (IV), and ozonized to 5‐keto pyrazole esters (VI) and acids (VII). Reduction of the 5‐formylpyrazoles (VI; R = II) with borohydride afforded the 5‐hydroxymethyl derivatives (VIII). The same 2,4‐dioxohexenoates (I) when treated with o‐phenylenediamine gave 2‐oxy‐quinoxalines (V; R = H, V; R = Me, V; R = Ph). The uv spectra data of these compounds are given.
<i>Legionella longbeachae</i>and Legionellosis (2011)

Reported cases of legionellosis attributable to Legionella longbeachae infection have increased worldwide. In Australia and New Zealand, L. longbeachae has been a known cause of legionellosis since the late 1980s. All cases for which a source was confirmed were associated with potting mixes and composts. Unlike the situation with other Legionella spp., L. longbeachae-contaminated water systems in the built environment that cause disease have not been reported. Spatially and temporally linked outbreaks of legionellosis associated with this organism also have not been reported. Sporadic cases of disease seem to be limited to persons who have had direct contact with potting soil or compost. Long-distance travel of the organism resulting in infection has not been reported. These factors indicate emergence of an agent of legionellosis that differs in etiology from other species and possibly in route of disease transmission.
Wideband TM01-mode travelling wave coupler (1997)

The paper describes a TM01-mode tracking coupler using a travelling wave mechanism for satellite antennas which require autotrack capability. The coupler can also be used as a pure TM01-mode generator. The paper covers theoretical coupler design as well as measured results from Ka-band hardware.
Targeted deletion of the neutral endopeptidase gene alters ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia in mice (1999)

Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is one of the major endopeptidases responsible for the inactivation of substance P in the carotid body, a neurotransmitter shown to be important in the transduction of hypoxic stimuli. Ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia were measured by indirect plethysmography in unanesthetized, unrestrained wild-type mice and in mice in which the NEP gene was deleted (NEP -/-). Ventilation was measured while the animals breathed room air: 12% O(2) in N(2) and 8% O(2) in N(2). Deletion of the NEP gene caused marked alterations in both the magnitude and composition of the hypoxic ventilatory response to both 8% O(2) in N(2) and 12% O(2) in N(2), compared with the wild-type mice (C57BL/6J) on the same genetic background as the NEP -/- mice. Treatment of C57BL/6J mice with thiorphan, a NEP inhibitor, resulted in a greater ventilatory response to 8% O(2) because of a significantly greater shortening of expiratory time. The results of these studies demonstrate that NEP plays an important role in modifying the expression of the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia.
Security evaluation of open source clouds (2013)

In this paper we analyze most common open source cloud architectures. We installed OpenStack, Eucalyptus, Open-Nebula, and CloudStack and evaluated the security aspects of their architecture and their compliance with security requirements defined by the ISO 27001:2005 standard which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, operating, monitoring, reviewing, maintaining and improving a documented Information Security Management System within the context of the organization's overall business risks. Although the analyzed open source cloud solutions offer scalable and flexible platforms for IaaS and provide a lot of security measures, still our research results show security incompliance with several ISO 27001:2005 controls and control objectives that directly depend on cloud software solutions.
Recoverable and recyclable water-soluble sulphonated salicylaldimine Rh(<scp>i</scp>) complexes for 1-octene hydroformylation in aqueous biphasic media (2014)

A series of water-soluble Rh(i) mononuclear complexes of general formula: [Rh(sulphsal-X-R)(COD)] [sulphsal = sulphonated salicylaldimine, COD = cyclooctadiene; where R = H, Cl, CH3 and X = H, (t)Bu] have been synthesized. All the compounds were characterised using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction (for complex ) and mass spectrometry. All the compounds display excellent water-solubility at room temperature and were tested as catalyst precursors in the aqueous biphasic hydroformylation of 1-octene. The catalysts could be easily recovered by phase separation and were used up to 5 times without any significant loss in activity and 1-octene conversion. Very high yields of the expected aldehydes were obtained without addition of any phase transfer agents, co-solvents or hydrophobic ligands. Excellent aldehyde chemoselectivity is observed for all the catalysts but this varied each time the catalysts were recycled, with the formation of a small amount of internal olefins. ICP-OES and mercury poisoning experiments show that a combination of homogeneous catalysis and catalysis mediated by nanoparticles is taking place in these systems.
Determining Mammosphere-Forming Potential: Application of the Limiting Dilution Analysis (2012)

Originally adapted from the neurosphere assay, the nonadherent mammosphere assay has been utilized to assess early progenitor/stem cell frequency in a given population of mammary epithelial cells. This method has also been used to measure the frequency of tumorsphere initiating cells in both primary mammary tumors as well as in tumor cell lines. Although, the mammosphere assay has been used extensively in the mammary gland field, a standard method of quantifying and analyzing sphere growth in this assay has remained undefined. Here, we discuss the use and benefit of using a limiting dilution analysis to quantify sphere-forming frequency in primary mammary epithelial cells grown in nonadherent conditions.
Microprocessor system failures debug and fault isolation methodology (2009)

Diagnosis of functional failures can be used to debug design issues, isolate manufacturing defects, and improve manufacturing yield. Automated failure analysis and rapid root-cause isolation is critical for meeting ever decreasing product time to market demand. Conventional debug approach requires in-depth architecture knowledge and debug expertise. In this paper, we present a two phase approach for isolating microprocessor functional failures. First, failing functional blocks are identified utilizing functional fault simulation. Then, algorithmic diagnosis techniques are applied to accurately identify the failing signals within a functional block. Results are presented showing successful isolation of silicon defects on Intel® Core <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">¿</sup> dual-core processor.
Robot-assisted microscope for neurosurgery (1995)

We describe the implementation of a robotic arm connected to a neurosurgical operative microscope. A force feedback sensor drives the motors of the arm in response to the positioning of the microscope by the surgeon. Computer graphic techniques allow tracking of the current position of the microscope within the volumetric reconstruction of the brain. The integration of the prototype into the neurosurgical operating room is currently being evaluated. Preliminary comments on this experimental phase are offered.
Anodic stripping voltammetry: an instrumental analysis experiment (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnodic stripping voltammetry: an instrumental analysis experimentJoseph Wang Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 12, 1074Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 1983Published inissue 1 December 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ed060p1074Request reuse permissionsArticle Views766Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Geometric methods for multi-agent collision avoidance (2010)

We present an approach to reciprocal collision avoidance, where multiple mobile agents must avoid collisions with each other while moving in a common workspace. Each agent acts fully independently, and does not communicate with others. Yet our approach guarantees that all agents will be collision-free for at least a fixed amount of time. Our approach provides a sufficient condition for collision-free motion. Given the agent's objective, the optimal collision-free action can be computed very efficiently, as it is the solution to a two-dimensional linear program. We show our approach on dense and complex simulation scenarios involving thousands of agents at fast real-time running times.
Nanomechanical characterisation of solid surfaces and thin films (2003)

AbstractDepth-sensing nanoindentation measurement techniques are commonly used to measure nanomechanical properties of surface layers of bulk materials and of ultrathin coatings. The nanoindentation apparatus continuously monitors the load and the position of the indenter relative to the surface of the specimen (depth of an indent) during the indentation process. Mechanical property measurements can be made at a minimum penetration depth of about 20 nm (or a plastic depth of about 15 nm). In this paper, mechanical property measurements using nanoindentation techniques are reviewed and discussed. Emphasis is given to the use of sharp indenters and how they can be used to measure hardness, elastic modulus, continuous stiffness, scratch resistance, film-substrate adhesion, residual stresses, time dependent creep and relaxation properties, fracture toughness, and fatigue. Applications of the continuous stiffness measurement technique to the characterisation of multilayered structures and graded materials are presented. Recent progress in the development of the nanofatigue measurement technique is briefly reviewed. Directions for future research in nanoindentation are discussed.
檢驗自戀型人格、情緒智商、壓力因應方式與工作倦怠間的關係:路徑分析研究 (2011)

The current research investigated the effect of narcissism in a sample of 333 employees in Taiwan. Specifically, this study first validated the Chinese version of narcissism personality inventory (NPI) using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Next, this study examined the relationships among narcissism, emotional intelligence, coping style, and burnout using path anlyses. The study used the following instruments to assess examined variables: (a) Narcissism Personality Inventory (NPI; Raskin & Hall, 1979), (b) Self-report emotional intelligence test (SREIT; Schutte, Malouff, Hall, Haggerty, Cooper, Golden, & Dornheim, 1998), (c) The Problem-Focused Style of Coping (PF-SOC; Heppner, Cook, Wright & Johnson, 1995), and (d) Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS; Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter, 1996). The results of this study suggested that managers with higher level of narcissism were associated with higher emotional intelligence. Also, higher emotional intelligence is positively related to greater use of problem-focused coping and is negatively associated with emotion-focused coping. The results of this study provide helpful management strategies and psychoeducational trainings for organizations, managers, psychologists, and human resources staff.
HSP90 inhibition enhances cancer immunotherapy by upregulating interferon response genes (2017)

T-cell-based immunotherapies are promising treatments for cancer patients. Although durable responses can be achieved in some patients, many patients fail to respond to these therapies, underscoring the need for improvement with combination therapies. From a screen of 850 bioactive compounds, we identify HSP90 inhibitors as candidates for combination with immunotherapy. We show that inhibition of HSP90 with ganetespib enhances T-cell-mediated killing of patient-derived human melanoma cells by their autologous T cells in vitro and potentiates responses to anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 therapy in vivo. Mechanistic studies reveal that HSP90 inhibition results in upregulation of interferon response genes, which are essential for the enhanced killing of ganetespib treated melanoma cells by T cells. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that HSP90 inhibition can potentiate T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses, and rationale to explore the combination of immunotherapy and HSP90 inhibitors.Many patients fail to respond to T cell based immunotherapies. Here, the authors, through a high-throughput screening, identify HSP90 inhibitors as a class of preferred drugs for treatment combination with immunotherapy.
Synthesis of Triblock Copolymer Brushes by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2002)

Surface-tethered triblock copolymers composed of poly(methyl acrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate), and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) were grown from gold substrates by a series of atom transfer radical polymerizations at ambient temperature. GPC determinations of the molecular weights of desorbed triblock homopolymers suggest that this method can yield relatively homogeneous polymer brushes. To quench polymerization after the synthesis of each block, films were either exposed to a large excess of Cu(II)Br2 or simply rinsed with solvent. Comparison of the thicknesses of multiblock homopolymer films with the thicknesses of films prepared using a single initiation step shows that in the Cu(II) quenching approach >95% of the active chains support growth of an additional block. However, for simple solvent rinsing between blocks, only 85−90% of active chains were preserved during the quenching step.
The Impact of Computer Aided Architectural Design on Physical Reality (2004)

Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) has produced three types and three generations of CAAD researchers, teachers and practitioners. The three types – CAAD inventors, implementers and users – benefit from the constantly improving computer technology. The three generations – CAAD pioneers, trendsetters and educators are in a more difficult situation as the attitude towards, and the knowledge about, Computer Aided Architectural Design in the general public and in the professional community is unstable. To explore the impact of CAAD on physical reality and to discover future challenges, it is useful to look at the pioneers of CAAD, as they often combine in one person the characteristics of the development that occurred afterwards. Tom Maver is one of the premier examples. The paper presents thoughts on CAAD teaching and research and contrasts them with the professional reality at ETH, in order to explore the impact of CAAD on the physical reality.