gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient L1-Norm Principal-Component Analysis via Bit Flipping (2017)

It was shown recently that the K L1-norm principal components (L1-PCs) of a real-valued data matrix X ∈ R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D×N</sup> (N data samples of D dimensions) can be exactly calculated with cost O(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">NK</sup> ) or, when advantageous, O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dK - K + 1</sup> ) where d=rank (X), K<;d. In applications where X is large (e.g., “big” data of large N and/or “heavy” data of large d), these costs are prohibitive. In this paper, we present a novel suboptimal algorithm for the calculation of the K <; d L1-PCs of X of cost O (ND min {N, D} + N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> + d)), which is comparable to that of standard L2-norm PC analysis. Our theoretical and experimental studies show that the proposed algorithm calculates the exact optimal L1-PCs with high frequency and achieves higher value in the L1-PC optimization metric than any known alternative algorithm of comparable computational cost. The superiority of the calculated L1-PCs over standard L2-PCs (singular vectors) in characterizing potentially faulty data/measurements is demonstrated with experiments in data dimensionality reduction and disease diagnosis from genomic data.
Durable and Water-Floatable Ionic Polymer Actuator with Hydrophobic and Asymmetrically Laser-Scribed Reduced Graphene Oxide Paper Electrodes (2014)

Ionic polymer actuators driven by electrical stimuli have been widely investigated for use in practical applications such as bioinspired robots, sensors, and biomedical devices. However, conventional ionic polymer-metal composite actuators have a serious drawback of poor durability under long-term actuation in open air, mainly because of the leakage of the inner electrolyte and hydrated cations through cracks in the metallic electrodes. Here, we developed a highly durable and water-floatable ionic polymer artificial muscle by employing hydrophobic and asymmetrically laser-scribed reduced graphene oxide paper electrodes (HLrGOP). The highly conductive, flexible, and cost-effective HLrGOP electrodes have asymmetrically smooth hydrophobic outer and rough inner surfaces, resulting in liquid-impermeable and water-floatable functionalities and strong bonding between an ionic polymer and the electrodes. More interestingly, the HLrGOP electrode, which has a unique functionality to prevent the leakage of the vaporized or liquid electrolyte and mobile ions during electrical stimuli, greatly contributes to an exceptionally durable ionic polymer-graphene composite actuator that is a prerequisite for practical applications in active biomedical devices, biomimetic robots, touch-feedback haptic systems, and flexible soft electronics.
Methylprednisolone pulsing of heart transplant patients in the home. (1989)

Methylprednisolone pulsing is the first form of treatment used to reverse acute moderate rejection in heart transplant patients at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Before May 1986, patients who needed administration of medications to be pulsed were admitted to the hospital. With our increasing number of transplant patients, lack of hospital beds, and efforts toward cost containment, a new system was established. From June 1986 to April 1988, 53 heart transplantations were performed in 40 adults and 13 children. Home care agency nurses received in-service training by the heart transplant clinical specialist. Insurance companies were contacted directly to obtain financial approval when it was not considered a covered benefit. Of 47 episodes of rejection, 45 were successfully treated in the home with resolution, whereas hospital admission was required in two cases of rejection episodes for successful resolution. There were marked financial savings, increased patient satisfaction, no patient infections, and minimal side effects, which included hypertension in five patients, headaches in two patients, and difficulty gaining venous access in two patients. Most problems were easily handled by telephone communication. Therefore, after a 22-month experience with administration of methylprednisolone pulses in the home, we believe that this is a satisfactory method of treating patients. It is cost-effective, has minimal side effects, and leads to increased patient satisfaction.
Crystal Quality Evaluation by Electrochemical Preferential Etching of p-Type SiC Crystals (2000)

An electrochemical etching process is used for evaluating the types and the distribution of crystal defects on both the Si and C faces of p‐type 6H and 4H‐SiC. The surface morphology of the etched area is different for the two surface polarities. Dislocation‐related etch‐pits appeared on the etched surfaces due to a preferential etching process. The etching experiments were conducted in a commercial apparatus in combination with accurate capacitance‐voltage profiling, showing that this characterization method is highly useful and simple for evaluating SiC material quality. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
RESEARCH ON INTELLIGENT QUESTION-ANSWERING SYSTEMS (1968)

Abstract : This report describes progress toward an 'intelligent question- answering system'--a system that can accept facts, retrieve items from memory, and perform logical deductions necessary to answer questions. Two versions of such a system have been implemented, and the authors expect these to be the first in an evolving series of question-answerers. The first system, QA1, is based upon relational information organized in a list-structured memory. The data consist of general facts about relations as well as specific facts about objects. QA1 has limited deductive ability. QA2 is based upon formal theorem- proving techniques. Facts are represented by statements in the predicate calculus. Although the memory organization is simpler than that of QA1, the sophisticated logical abilities of QA2 result in greater question-answering power. The report gives examples of the performance of QA1 and QA2 on typical problems that have been done by previous question-answerers, and describes plans for extending the capabilities of QA2.
Chromium(VI)-induced DNA lesions and chromium distribution in rat kidney, liver, and lung. (1983)

DNA lesions were detected in rat organ nuclei following an i.p. injection of sodium dichromate. Kidney, liver, and lung nuclei were examined for DNA interstrand cross-links, strand breaks, and DNA-protein cross-links using the alkaline elution technique. The time course for formation of cross-links in kidney nuclei revealed the presence of DNA interstrand and DNA-protein cross-links 1 hr after injection of sodium dichromate. By 40 hr in kidney, DNA interstrand cross-links had been repaired, but DNA-protein cross-links persisted. In liver nuclei, the time course for formation of cross-links after injection of dichromate showed a maximum in DNA-protein cross-linking at 4 hr and a maximum in DNA interstrand cross-linking at 2 hr. By 36 hr, in the liver, both types of lesions had been repaired. In lung nuclei, both DNA interstrand and DNA-protein cross-links were observed 1 hr after dichromate injection; however, by 36 hr, only DNA-protein cross-links persisted. No DNA lesions were detectable in kidney 1 hr after an i.p. injection of chromium(III) chloride. Chromium distribution in rat kidney, liver, and lung was measured and is discussed with respect to the observed DNA lesions. The lung and kidney may be more sensitive than liver to chromium-induced DNA damage, an observation which correlates with the reported toxicity and carcinogenicity data for chromium(VI) in both animals and humans.
Eliminating noisy information in Web pages for data mining (2003)

A commercial Web page typically contains many information blocks. Apart from the main content blocks, it usually has such blocks as navigation panels, copyright and privacy notices, and advertisements (for business purposes and for easy user access). We call these blocks that are not the main content blocks of the page the noisy blocks. We show that the information contained in these noisy blocks can seriously harm Web data mining. Eliminating these noises is thus of great importance. In this paper, we propose a noise elimination technique based on the following observation: In a given Web site, noisy blocks usually share some common contents and presentation styles, while the main content blocks of the pages are often diverse in their actual contents and/or presentation styles. Based on this observation, we propose a tree structure, called Style Tree, to capture the common presentation styles and the actual contents of the pages in a given Web site. By sampling the pages of the site, a Style Tree can be built for the site, which we call the Site Style Tree (SST). We then introduce an information based measure to determine which parts of the SST represent noises and which parts represent the main contents of the site. The SST is employed to detect and eliminate noises in any Web page of the site by mapping this page to the SST. The proposed technique is evaluated with two data mining tasks, Web page clustering and classification. Experimental results show that our noise elimination technique is able to improve the mining results significantly.
4-Amino-2-[4-[1-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-2(<i>S</i>)- [[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]- piperazinyl]-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (L-765,314):  A Potent and Selective α<sub>1b</sub> Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUELetterNEXT4-Amino-2-[4-[1-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-2(S)- [[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]- piperazinyl]-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (L-765,314): A Potent and Selective α1b Adrenergic Receptor AntagonistMichael A. Patane, Ann L. Scott, Theodore P. Broten, Raymond S. L. Chang, Richard W. Ransom, Jerry DiSalvo, Carlos Forray, and Mark G. BockView Author Information Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular Pharmacology, and New Lead Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, Biochemistry and Physiology Department, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, and Synaptic Pharmaceutical Corp., 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 8, 1205–1208Publication Date (Web):March 19, 1998Publication History Received23 January 1998Published online19 March 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm980053fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm980053frapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views590Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antagonists,Inhibition,Receptors,Rodent models,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
Color correction based on LMS and RGB subspace (2005)

In this paper, we developed a 3-dimension 1-rank mapping function which is CIELAB space versus the device RGB space based on LMS in RGB subspace, and then implemented color correction of scanning input data by using this function. Experiment proved that the color difference between the original and the computational color data from the individual RGB subspaces with color mapping function is less than that in the whole RGB space.
Effects of certain components of simulated hail injury on soybeans and corn (1953)

Hail injury to crops is rather frequent and widespread in Iowa. No figures are available on losses to specific crops, but annual estimated losses to all crops in Iowa from 1936 to 1948 have been large, particularly in 1943, 1944 and 1947. These losses, shown in table 1, were compiled from township assessors' reports.\nIn 1947, the losses in five counties were more than 1 million dollars. Simulated hail damage experiments are conducted primarily to provide information which will enable farmers and hail insurance companies to ascertain, at time of loss, the Ultimate damage to a growing crop. Past investigations for the most part have attempted to imitate actual hall injury. Considerable difficulty has been encountered In attempting to translate the resulting data into information useful in determining the extent of injury due to actual hail.\nIt has become apparent from past investigations that the component factors which contribute to the ultimate damage must be considered relative to their separate or individual effects. The objective of this study was to make a critical evaluation of some of these component factors, as measured by their separate and additive effects on yield of seed and other agronomic characters of soybeans and corn. No attempt was made to make the general appearance of the treated plants similar to that of plants actually injured by hail. The experiments were designed to yield information having direct application to hail adjustment problems in the field.\nThe first part of this study was concerned with soybeans and the second part with corn. The data presented will be included under these two major subdivisions.
Micro active guide wire catheter system (2002)

We propose a new prototype model of micro catheter with active guide wire that has two bending degrees of freedom using an ionic conducting polymer film actuator on its front-end as the servo actuator. In this paper, the bending characteristics of the micro active catheter (MAC) have been measured by application of electricity in the physiological saline solution. By using simulators (whose conditions are similar to those of a body cavity), we have carried out "in vitro" simulation experiments and the contrast experiments of operability between the proposed catheter and a conventional guide wire catheter. The experimental results indicate that the proposed MAC is applicable to intracavity operations.
Efficient Newton-Raphson and implicit Euler methods for solving the HNC equation (1992)

In this paper a new Newton-Raphson (NR) method and a new implicit Euler method are developed for numerically solving the HNC and related equations for simple fluids. The new methods are efficient, stable and easy to implement. The implicit Euler method is derived through a reformulation of the usual HNC problem into the form of an initial value problem (IVP). The IVP formulation allows application of specialized numerical techniques developed for the solution of stiff systems of differential equations. The implicit Euler method is shown to have excellent stability and rate of convergence. The relationship between the implicit Euler method and the NR method is elucidated, and it is shown that in the limit of infinite step-size, the implicit Euler method reduces to the NR method.
Use of 115 kb/s infra-red interface for mobile multimedia (2005)

This paper introduces the current status of the 115 kb/s infra-red interface that has been designed to connect PDAs, sub-notebooks and other portable computers to cellphones. Experience from mobile multimedia trials has enabled us to identify key issues with mobile multimedia communications. These potential problems are addressed using infra-red communications, as proposed by the Infra-Red Data Communications Association (IRDA), to firstly decouple the functions of the mobile phone and mobile computing device, and secondly to provide a simple and inexpensive communications interface. We outline the key issues and introduce the Hewlett-Packard Serial Infra-Red Link (HP SIR) before reviewing the current proposal.
79.3: Effect of Surface Treatment on the Performance of TIPS Pentacene TFT by Inkjet Printing (2010)

Abstract We have studied the effect of self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) on the performance of printed TFT for a bottom contact, bottom gate TFT. A 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS pentacene) was inkjet printed on the Ag source and drain electrodes. To reduce the energy barrier (1.6 eV) between the pristine Ag and TIPS pentacene, the Ag layer was treated by pentafluorothiophenol. And we controlled the physical interactions at the semiconductor/gate dielectric(photoacryl) interface by inserting a hydrophobic SAM of organoalkyl‐Silanes with octyltrichlorosilane or β‐phenethyltrichlorosilane. The results show that the TIPS pentacene TFT with PFBT/PTS treatment has field‐effect mobility of 0.18 cm 2 /Vs, subthreshold slope of 0.6 V/decade, and on/off current ratio of 10 7 .
Heterologous myb genes distinct from<i>GL1</i>enhance trichome production when overexpressed in<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> (1999)

Myb-class transcription factors implicated in cell shape regulation were overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum in an attempt to assess the extent to which cellular differentiation programs might be shared between these distantly related plants. GLABROUS 1, a myb gene required for trichome development in Arabidopsis, did not alter the trichome phenotype of the tobacco plants in which it was overexpressed. MIXTA, which in Antirrhinum majus is reported to regulate certain aspects of floral papillae development, did not complement the glabrous 1 mutant of Arabidopsis. However, 35S:MIXTA transformants of N. tabacum displayed various developmental abnormalities, most strikingly production of supernumerary trichomes on cotyledons, leaves and stems. In addition, floral papillae were converted to multicellular trichomes. CotMYBA, a myb gene which is expressed in Gossypium hirsutum ovules and has some homology to MIXTA, was also overexpressed in the two species. A similar but distinct syndrome of abnormalities, including the production of cotyledonary trichomes, was observed in 35S:CotMYBA tobacco transformants. However, CotMYBA did not alter trichome production in Arabidopsis. These results suggest that the trichomes of Arabidopsis and Nicotiana are merely analogous structures, and that the myb genes regulating their differentiation are specific and separate.
Transient Behavior of Mechanoluminescence from Europium Complex in Powder and in Polymer-Dispersed Film (1998)

Abstract Transient properties of mechanoluminescence (ML) from europium complex in powder and in polymer-dispersed film were investigated. In polymer-dispersed film, its decay curve was found to be composed of two components corresponding to the emission from ambient nitrogen molecules and europium ion. On the other hand, the decay curve of powder was composed of a single component corresponding to the emission from europium ion. From these results and supplemental experiments, the difference in ML excitation mechanism between polymer-dispersed film and powder is discussed.
Membrane electrical properties and prediction of motor-unit type of medial gastrocnemius motoneurons in the cat (1985)

Membrane electrical properties [time constant, action potential afterhyperpolarization (AHP), rheobase, input resistance, and axonal conduction velocity] were measured in motoneurons of cat medial gastrocnemius (MG) motor units. Motor units were classified on the basis of their mechanical responses as fast twitch, fast fatiguing (FF); fast twitch with intermediate fatigue resistance (FI); fast twitch, fatigue resistant (FR); or slow twitch, fatigue resistant (S; 11, 22). Motoneuron membrane time constant, estimated from the voltage response at the onset or termination of long (50-100 ms) current pulses and corrected for voltage-response nonlinearities (32), was found to differ significantly among the major motor-unit types, increasing in the order FF less than FR less than S. Afterhyperpolarization magnitude, half-decay time, and duration were all significantly greater for the fast (FF + FI + FR) versus the slow (S) motor units. The AHP half-decay time was correlated with muscle unit twitch time over the entire motoneuron population and within the type S motor-unit population. There was no significant correlation between twitch time and AHP half-decay time among the types FF and FR motor-unit populations. In agreement with previous studies, we found a significant difference in both rheobase and input resistance among the major motor-unit types, with rheobase increasing in the order S less than FR less than FF and input resistance decreasing in that order (S greater than FR greater than FF). The differences in input resistance were present both before and after correcting for voltage-response nonlinearities (32). Also in agreement with previous studies, the mean axonal conduction velocity was significantly faster among the fast (FF + FI + and FR) compared with the slow (S) motor units. These data were used to examine the properties alone to determine motor-unit type, which has traditionally been defined on the basis of the muscle unit's mechanical properties (11, 22). We used a discriminant analysis program to classify 73 mechanically typed motor units for which we had measures of rheobase, input resistance, membrane time constant, and AHP half-decay time. This model was able to properly classify 71 of the 73 motor units of this data set, indicating that the motor units of this data set could be grouped into three categories representing the three major motor-unit types (FF, FR, and S) on the basis of their rheobase, input resistance, membrane time constant, and AHP half-decay time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)