gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GaAs gigabit monolithic optoelectronic transmitter (1983)

Abstract : The objective of this program was to develop the Technologies required to monolithically integrate a high performance AlGaAs laser diode with high speed digital GaAs circuitry. This objective was met with the demonstration of a fully integrated optoelectronic transmitter consisting of a Transverse junction stripe (TJS) laser diode, a power driver transistor, and a 4:1 multiplexer. This demonstration is the first major step in the development of high speed optical interconnects for future digital systems operating a gigabit second data rates.
Detection of β-Lactamase Residues in Milk by Sandwich ELISA (2013)

β-Lactamase residues in milk represent a public health risk. The cylinder plate detection method, which is based on bacterial growth, is laborious and time consuming. In this study, 15 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were selected against Temoneira (TEM) 1 β-lactamase. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on an optimum mAb pair was developed and validated for the detection of β-lactamase. The limit of detection and linear dynamic range of the method were 4.17 ng/mL and 5.5-100 ng/mL, respectively. β-Lactamase recovery in pure milk was 96.82-103.13%. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 6.21-7.38% and 12.96-13.74%, respectively. Our developed sandwich ELISA can be used as a rapid detection method of β-lactamase in milk.
Enzymatic Removal of Ribonucleotides from DNA Is Essential for Mammalian Genome Integrity and Development (2012)

The presence of ribonucleotides in genomic DNA is undesirable given their increased susceptibility to hydrolysis. Ribonuclease (RNase) H enzymes that recognize and process such embedded ribonucleotides are present in all domains of life. However, in unicellular organisms such as budding yeast, they are not required for viability or even efficient cellular proliferation, while in humans, RNase H2 hypomorphic mutations cause the neuroinflammatory disorder Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Here, we report that RNase H2 is an essential enzyme in mice, required for embryonic growth from gastrulation onward. RNase H2 null embryos accumulate large numbers of single (or di-) ribonucleotides embedded in their genomic DNA (>1,000,000 per cell), resulting in genome instability and a p53-dependent DNA-damage response. Our findings establish RNase H2 as a key mammalian genome surveillance enzyme required for ribonucleotide removal and demonstrate that ribonucleotides are the most commonly occurring endogenous nucleotide base lesion in replicating cells.
IBX‐Mediated Oxidative Ugi‐Type Multicomponent Reactions: Application to the N and C1 Functionalization of Tetrahydroisoquinoline (2007)

Ugi wonderland: An Ugi-type reaction of tetrahydroisoquinoline with an isocyanide and a carboxylic acid in the presence of iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) afforded the 1,2-diacylated adduct in good to excellent yields (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z701603_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The inhibitory effects of Radix Astragali on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension of rats. (1998)

By preserving the IAPA wall cells and dilating IAPA, RA may play an important role in inhibiting the remodeling of IAPA and preventing PHT.
NAV/COM Hybrid Architecture for Innovative Location Based Payment Systems (2009)

Identification and authentication procedures are really important aspects when talking about payments. Nowadays, credit and debit cards are the target for thieves since they can be easily cloned. One of the main fraud sources is represented by the Point Of Sale, the well-known POS. The paper describes an innovative payment system studied, developed and tested within the GAL-PMI Project, an initiative funded by the Industry Division of the Piedmont Region. The system provides users with a user- friendly application to perform payments by means of personal mobile devices like PDA or smartphone, using Global Navigation Satellite Systems as the baseline to increase security aspects. The paper gives an overview of this payment system architecture, going through the technological infrastructure that is based on navigation and communication capabilities. Finally, the paper presents a real test case, which has been set-up to demonstrate how security aspects can be improved within identification and authentication processes during payments at gas station.
Assessment of proposed electromagnetic quantum vacuum energy extraction methods (2009)

In research articles and patents several methods have been proposed for the extraction of zero-point energy from the vacuum. None has been reliably demonstrated, but the proposals remain largely unchallenged. In this paper the feasibility of these methods is assessed in terms of underlying thermodynamics principles of equilibrium, detailed balance, and conservation laws. The methods are separated into three classes: nonlinear processing of the zero-point field, mechanical extraction using Casimir cavities, and the pumping of atoms through Casimir cavities. The first two approaches are shown to violate thermodynamics principles, and therefore appear not to be feasible, no matter how innovative their execution. The third approach does not appear to violate these principles.
Using the Care Dependency Scale for fall risk screening (2007)

Nursing assessment in hospitals could be simplified by using the Care Dependency Scale for fall risk screening. Its value in fall risk screening in nursing homes requires further testing.
Variable specific activity of Escherichia coli β‐galactosidase in bacterial cells (2001)

Escherichia coli lacZ is a frequently employed reporter gene for the monitoring of gene expression and recombinant protein production due the simple determination of β-galactosidase activity in both qualitative and quantitative assays. In the absence of either total or recombinant protein synthesis, we observed a lack of correlation between protein amount and enzymatic activity in both engineered and native β-galactosidases in Escherichia coli cells. A delayed fading of β-galactosidase activity compared with the rapid degradation of intact protein suggests a progressive increase in enzyme-specific activity during the life of the protein. This intriguing event does not involve solubilization from major protein aggregates and it occurs both in vivo and in cell extracts, but not in solutions of purified protein. Possible explanations for this activation are examined in the context of the assisted protein folding network and proteolytic degradation of misfolded proteins. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 72: 255–260, 2001.
Improvement of Dissolution and Bioavailability for Mebendazole, an Agent for Human Echinococcosis, by Preparing Solid Dispersion with Polyethylene Glycol. (1991)

The solid dispersion of mebendazole was prepared with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance the dissolution rate of mebendazole, an agent for the chemotherapy of human echinococcosis. The dissolution rate of the solid dispersion increased compared with the physical mixture, and also increased with the incorporation of an increasing amount of PEG-6000. An extensive improvement of the dissolution rate was observed when the ratio of the solid dispersion of mebendazole to PEG-6000 was more than 1: 2. Furthermore, greater bioavailability in rabbits was obtained after oral administration of the solid dispersion compared with the physical mixture.
[Neophobia in rats during the transition from milk to definitive nutrition]. (1995)

After isolation of rat puppies from mother at the age of 17, 21, 26, 31 or 36 days, studies have been made within 3 days on water consumption and utilization of a 0.2% solution of saccharin. The presence or absence of neophobia were indicated by relative consumption of saccharin solution in percentage to total volume of drinking. It was shown that at the age of 17-19 days neophobia is absent, at 21-23 days it becomes evident, at 26-28 days it is present only in females, at 31-33 days it is absent in animals of both sexes (saccharin consumption at this age is maximal), at 36-38 days significant neophobia was registered both in females and males. Fluctuations in neophobia are discussed in relation to weanling.
The human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide preserves pancreatic beta cells via regulation of cell kinetics and suppression of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in a mouse model of diabetes (2011)

Liraglutide increases beta cell mass not only by directly regulating cell kinetics, but also by suppressing oxidative and ER stress, secondary to amelioration of glucolipotoxicity.
Mass filter and focusing ion detector for use with time-of-flight velocity distribution measurements (1979)

A novel mass filter and focusing ion detector for time-of-flight studies of dissociative ionization fragments is described. The filter-dector combination is particularly suited for measuring the kinetic energy released in the molecular dissociation process. The mass filter utilizes a computer-controlled, time-dependent retarding potential synchronized with, and located a distance L from, a pulsed electron-bombardment ion source. Ions arriving at the filter at time t have a kinetic energy of mL(2)/2t(2). The retarding potential varies with time as mL(2)/2et(2), thus deflecting ions with masses less than m. Operation of the filter in a mode which provides unity mass resolution at 16 amu has been demonstrated. The detector consists of a channel electron multiplier and a focusing electrode configuration approximating that of a charged sphere above a grounded conducting plane. The planar input aperture of the detector is located just behind the mass filter along the ion flight path. The detector features high efficiency, large input aperture, low background, and simple operation. Ion transit times through the detector are small and essentially independent of the initial ion kinetic energy.
Structure-function relationship of human neutrophil collagenase: identification of regions responsible for substrate specificity and general proteinase activity. (1993)

The family of matrix metalloproteinases is a family of closely related enzymes that play an important role in physiological and pathological processes of matrix degradation. The most distinctive characteristic of interstitial collagenases (fibroblast and neutrophil collagenases) is their ability to cleave interstitial collagens at a single peptide bond; however, the precise region of the enzyme responsible for this substrate specificity remains to be defined. To address this question, we generated truncated mutants of neutrophil collagenase with various deletions in the COOH-terminal domain and chimeric molecules between neutrophil collagenase and stromelysin and assayed the expressed enzymes against type I collagen and the general substrate, casein. Our data suggest that substrate specificity for interstitial collagen is determined by a 16-aa sequence in the COOH-terminal domain of neutrophil collagenase and is influenced by the integrity of a disulfide-defined loop at the COOH terminus for maximal activity. It was found that a relatively large region of 62-aa residues influenced the relative efficiency of collagenolytic activity. In addition to the region that conferred this specificity, a site at the COOH side of the presumptive zinc-binding locus was found to be necessary for general catalytic activity. Mutation of a critical aspartic residue at position 253 within this area resulted in complete loss of proteolytic activity, suggesting that Asp-253 might function as one of the ligands for divalent cations, which are essential for enzymatic activity.
Multiple Choice and Constructed Response Tests: Do Test Format and Scoring Matter? (2011)

: Nowadays, multiple choice (MC) tests are very common, and replace many constructed response (CR) tests. However, literature reveals that there is no consensus whether both test formats are equally suitable for measuring students‟ ability or knowledge. This might be due to the fact that neither the type of MC question nor the scoring rule used when comparing test formats are mentioned. Hence, educators do not have any guidelines which test format or scoring rule is appropriate. : The study focuses on the comparison of CR and MC tests. More precisely, short answer questions are contrasted to equivalent MC questions with multiple responses which are graded with three different scoring rules. : An experiment was conducted based on three instruments: A CR and a MC test using a similar stem to assure that the questions are of an equivalent level of difficulty. This procedure enables the comparison of the scores students gained in the two forms of examination. Additionally, a questionnaire was handed out for further insights into students‟ learning strategy, test preference, motivation, and demographics. In contrast to previous studies the present study applies the many-facet Rasch measurement approach for analyzing data which allows improving the reliability of an assessment and applying small datasets. : Results indicate that CR tests are equal to MC tests with multiple responses if Number Correct (NC) scoring is used. An explanation seems straight forward since the grader of the CR tests did not penalize wrong answers and rewarded partially correct answers. This means that s/he uses the same logic as NC scoring. All other scoring methods such as the All-or-Nothing or University-Specific rule neither reward partial knowledge nor penalize guessing. Therefore, these methods are found to be stricter than NC scoring or CR tests and cannot be used interchangeably. : CR tests can be replaced by MC tests with multiple responses if NC scoring is used, due to the fact that the multiple response format measures more complex thinking skills than conventional MC questions. Hence, educators can take advantage of low grading costs, consistent grading, no scoring biases, and greater coverage of the syllabus while students benefit from timely feedback.
How Does Chili Cause Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms? (1995)

Chili ingestion produces gastrointestinal symptoms in many subjects. Some of these symptoms, such as heartburn, might well arise from the esophagus, but the pathogenesis is unknown. We studied the effects of chili ingestion on esophageal motility in 16 healthy volunteers and correlated these with the production of chili-induced upper gastrointestinal symptoms. We also studied the effects of chili instillation into the esophagus in 15 of the subjects to determine whether typical symptoms were produced. There were no changes in esophageal manometric parameters in all 16 subjects after the ingestion of a chili suspension (5 g chili powder in 100 ml water), although half of them reported one or more symptoms. Direct instillation of the same chili suspension into the lower esophagus produced typical symptoms in all 15 volunteers tested. Chili-induced upper gastrointestinal symptoms were not accompanied by changes in esophageal motility. The esophageal mucosa itself was sensitive to chili, suggesting that at least some of the upper gastrointestinal symptoms produced by chili are mediated by direct stimulation of chili-sensitive afferent nerve endings in the esophageal mucosa.
An assessment of the Coulter counter model S (1970)

An assessment of the Coulter model S automatic blood counter has been carried out. The standard deviations for the haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, red cell count, and white cell count are, respectively, +/- 0.15 g/100 ml, +/- 0.45%, +/- 0.04 m/c mm, and +/- 0.47 thous/c mm. These results are clearly more accurate than careful manual estimates, performed for comparison on the same samples. Details of the comparisons are presented. A comparison is also made with routine daily estimations.;Carryover' from one sample to the next was found to be about 2%, and tests in the ranges likely to be found in practice showed good linearity for the haemoglobin estimation, haematocrit, red cell count, and white cell count. A brief account of instrument failures is given.The performance of the Coulter model S compares well with that of other automated equipment for which detailed evaluations are available.
Recombination in Thermotoga: Implications for Species Concepts and Biogeography (2005)

Here we characterize regions of the genomes of eight members of the hyperthermophilic genus Thermotoga. These bacteria differ from each other physiologically and by 3-20% in gene content and occupy physically distinct environments in widely disparate regions of the globe. Among the four different lineages (represented by nine different strains) that we compare, no two are closer than 96% in the average sequences of their genes. By most accepted recent definitions these are different "ecotypes" and different "species." And yet we find compelling evidence for recombination between them. We suggest that no single prokaryotic species concept can accommodate such uncoupling of ecotypic and genetic aspects of cohesion and diversity, and that without a single concept, the question of whether or not prokaryotic species might in general be cosmopolitan cannot be sensibly addressed. We can, however, recast biogeographical questions in terms of the distribution of genes and their alleles.
Vinegar Classification Based on Feature Extraction and Selection From Tin Oxide Gas Sensor Array Data (2003)

Tin oxide gas sensor array based devices were often cited in publications dealing with food products. However, during the process of using a tin oxide gas sensor array to analysis and identify different gas, the most important and difficult was how to get useful parameters from the sensors and how to optimize the parameters. Which can make the sensor array can identify the gas rapidly and accuracy, and there was not a comfortable method. For this reason we developed a device which satisfied the gas sensor array act with the gas from vinegar. The parameters of the sensor act with gas were picked up after getting the whole acting process data. In order to assure whether the feature parameter was optimum or not, in this paper a new method called “distinguish index”(DI) has been proposed. Thus we can assure the feature parameter was useful in the later pattern recognition process. Principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to combine the optimum feature parameters. Good separation among the gases with different vinegar is obtained using principal component analysis. The recognition probability of the ANN is 98 %. The new method can also be applied to other pattern recognition problems.
Isolation and Identification of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (2002)

The bursal supernatant of 40 day old infected chickens of shandong poultry origin is inoculated into 10 day old SPF embryonating eggs by the chorioallantic membrane (CAM) route,the virus isolate is acquired.It can cause the embryonating eggs dead between 72 and 84 hours postinoculation.The isolate of infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV) is identified by immunodiffusion;hemagglutination test and experimental infection.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (1939)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation F. R. Watson; The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 July 1939; 11 (1): 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1916000 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Language-independent sandboxing of just-in-time compilation and self-modifying code (2012)

When dealing with dynamic, untrusted content, such as on the Web, software behavior must be sandboxed, typically through use of a language like JavaScript. However, even for such specially-designed languages, it is difficult to ensure the safety of highly-optimized, dynamic language runtimes which, for efficiency, rely on advanced techniques such as Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation, large libraries of native-code support routines, and intricate mechanisms for multi-threading and garbage collection. Each new runtime provides a new potential attack surface and this security risk raises a barrier to the adoption of new languages for creating untrusted content.
Production of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of potato virus Y (1986)

SUMMARY Monoclonal antibodies (McAb) were obtained to potato virus Y (PVY) after immunisation of BALB/c mice with purified PVY, tobacco necrotic strain (PVY n ). Spleen cells from a mouse showing a high serum titre were used for fusion with X63NS1 myeloma cells. Hybridomas were selected in medium containing HAT. Culture supernatants were screened for antibody production against PVY, ordinary strain (PVY 0 ) and PVY n using indirect ELISA. Clones of interest were further cross‐reacted with 12 isolates each of PVY 0 and PVY n and two isolates of potato virus A (PVA) and healthy sap. For further trials, two clones which reacted specifically with PVY n isolates and one which detected all PVY isolates except two of potato virus C (PVC) were selected.
Deletions in the Repertoire of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Type III Secretion Effector Genes Reveal Functional Overlap among Effectors (2009)

The gamma-proteobacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 uses the type III secretion system to inject ca. 28 Avr/Hop effector proteins into plants, which enables the bacterium to grow from low inoculum levels to produce bacterial speck symptoms in tomato, Arabidopsis thaliana, and (when lacking hopQ1-1) Nicotiana benthamiana. The effectors are collectively essential but individually dispensable for the ability of the bacteria to defeat defenses, grow, and produce symptoms in plants. Eighteen of the effector genes are clustered in six genomic islands/islets. Combinatorial deletions involving these clusters and two of the remaining effector genes revealed a redundancy-based structure in the effector repertoire, such that some deletions diminished growth in N. benthamiana only in combination with other deletions. Much of the ability of DC3000 to grow in N. benthamiana was found to be due to five effectors in two redundant-effector groups (REGs), which appear to separately target two high-level processes in plant defense: perception of external pathogen signals (AvrPto and AvrPtoB) and deployment of antimicrobial factors (AvrE, HopM1, HopR1). Further support for the membership of HopR1 in the same REG as AvrE was gained through bioinformatic analysis, revealing the existence of an AvrE/DspA/E/HopR effector superfamily, which has representatives in virtually all groups of proteobacterial plant pathogens that deploy type III effectors.