gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video scene analysis of interactions between humans and vehicles using event context (2010)

We present a methodology to estimate a detailed state of a video scene involving multiple humans and vehicles. In order to automatically annotate and retrieve videos containing activities of humans and vehicles, the system must correctly identify their trajectories and relationships even in a complex dynamic environment. Our methodology constructs various joint 3-D models describing possible configurations of humans and vehicles in each image frame and performs maximum-a-posteriori tracking to obtain a sequence of scene states that matches the video. Reliable and view-independent scene state analysis is performed by taking advantage of event context. We focus on the fact that events occurring in a video must contextually coincide with scene states of humans and vehicles. Our experimental results verify that our system using event context is able to analyze and track 3-D scene states of complex human-vehicle interactions more reliably and accurately than previous systems.
Compressed bitmap indexes: beyond unions and intersections (2014)

Summary Compressed bitmap indexes are used to speed up simple aggregate queries in databases. Indeed, set operations like intersections, unions and complements can be represented as logical operations (AND, OR and NOT) that are ideally suited for bitmaps. However, it is less obvious how to apply bitmaps to more advanced queries. For example, we might seek products in a store that meet some, but maybe not all, criteria. Such threshold queries generalize intersections and unions; they are often used in information‐retrieval and data‐mining applications. We introduce new algorithms that are sometimes three orders of magnitude faster than a naïve approach. Our work shows that bitmap indexes are more broadly applicable than is commonly believed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy: a 3-year confocal microscopy study. (2003)

Wounding of the cornea by PRK alters the normal structure, cellularity, and innervation of the cornea for up to 36 months.
Structures and Electronic Properties of Si<sub>n</sub>C<sub>5-n</sub> Clusters in Electric Fields (1999)

We obtained the structures of silicon-carbon clusters Si n C 5- n and Si 5 C 5 by first-principles supercell calculations using the local density approximation and the pseudopotential plane wave method. The ground-state atomic geometries of Si n C 5- n agreed well with previous studies by ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations. The ground-state structure of Si 5 C 5 is a distorted monocyclic geometry resembling a stable C 10 structure. We calculated the electric polarizability tensors of Si n C 5- n clusters by applying a low electric field. We found an abrupt drop in the average polarizability when n increases from 2 to 3, reflecting the structural change from one to two dimensions. We manipulated Si 2 C 3 and Si 3 C 2 clusters theoretically with a high electric field. Linear (Si 2 C 3 ) and plane (Si 3 C 2 ) clusters bend in the direction of the field. Field-induced distortion is interpreted using the electronegativity of Si and C atoms. The present simulation enabled us to emphasize the electronegativity of atoms in mixed clusters as a crucial factor in controlling and designing the structures of clusters using high electric fields.
Defining the Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cell Repertoire in C57BL/6 Mice (2011)

HSV type 1 (HSV-1) expresses its genes sequentially as immediate early (α), early (β), leaky late (γ1), and true late (γ2), where viral DNA synthesis is an absolute prerequisite only for γ2 gene expression. The γ1 protein glycoprotein B (gB) contains a strongly immunodominant CD8(+) T cell epitope (gB(498-505)) that is recognized by 50% of both the CD8(+) effector T cells in acutely infected trigeminal ganglia (TG) and the CD8(+) memory T cells in latently infected TG. Of 376 predicted HSV-1 CD8(+) T cell epitopes in C57BL/6 mice, 19 (gB(498-505) and 18 subdominant epitopes) stimulated CD8(+) T cells in the spleens and TG of HSV-1 acutely infected mice. These 19 epitopes identified virtually all CD8(+) T cells in the infected TG that represent all or the vast majority of the HSV-specific CD8(+) TCR repertoire. Only 11 of ∼84 HSV-1 proteins are recognized by CD8(+) T cells, and most (∼80%) are expressed before viral DNA synthesis. Neither the immunodominance of gB(498-505) nor the dominance hierarchy of the subdominant epitopes is due solely to MHC or TCR affinity. We conclude that the vast majority of CD8(+) T cells in HSV-1 acutely infected TG are HSV specific, that HSV-1 β and γ1 proteins that are expressed before viral DNA synthesis are favored targets of CD8(+) T cells, and that dominance within the TCR repertoire is likely due to the frequency or expansion and survival characteristics of CD8(+) T cell precursors.
Improved tuning and calibration in liquid chromatography/thermospray mass spectrometry using acetic acid cluster ions (1991)

Abstract Tuning and calibration of a thermospray ion source can cause rapid contamination of the source, and can have the disadvantage of introducing substances or solvents that are not used in the subsequent analytical work on the mass spectrometer. The use of aqueous 0.05 M ammonium acetate alone to produce acetic acid clusters for calibration in the mass range up to m / z 800 is reported. A low temperature of the vaporizer and the source block is used in order to maintain the clusters formed. The low temperature makes possible a very good signal‐to‐noise ratio, since the only ions formed are clusters of the general formula [(CH 3 COOH) m (NH 3 ) n (H 2 O) p NH 4 ] + . Owing to the use of the ammonium acetate mobile phase, no interference from other sources was observed, e.g. clusters of solvents with ammonium acetate or impurities.
Gold Catalysis and Fluorine (2010)

Abstract Performing gold‐catalyzed organic transformations in the presence of fluorinating reagents can lead to both fluorinated and non‐fluorinated products. Gold(I) complexes can activate alkynes towards nucleophilic attack by fluoride leading to fluoroalkenes under mild conditions. Fluorinated products can also be prepared upon performing gold‐catalyzed transformations in the presence of electrophilic sources of fluorine. In most cases, however, the combination of gold and electrophilic fluorinating reagents does not lead to fluorination but delivers products of oxidative homo‐ or cross‐coupling. In these processes the “F + ” source is likely acting as a sacrificial two‐electron external oxidant performing the key oxidation of gold(I) to gold(III) in the redox cycle. Oxidative coupling is an emerging field of gold catalysis which, when combined with the well‐established reactivity of gold as a soft π‐acid, holds promise as a mild and efficient method for the construction of complex organic molecules.
The emergence of bacterial genetics (1991)

Brock (U. of Wisconsin) highlights and analyzes the experimental work that shaped and drove the field of bacterial genetics. Concentrating on the science rather than the personalities involved, he discusses key data from original sources, illustrating his analysis with unpublished material and conversations with surviving investigators. Annotation
G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Mediated Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation through Cooperation of Gα<sub>q</sub> and Gα<sub>i</sub> Signals (2000)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been shown to stimulate extracellular regulated kinases (ERKs) through a number of linear pathways that are initiated by G(q/11) or G(i) proteins. We studied signaling to the ERK cascade by receptors that simultaneously activate both G protein subfamilies. In HEK293T cells, bradykinin B(2) receptor (B(2)R)-induced stimulation of ERK2 and transcriptional activity of Elk1 are dependent on Galpha(q)-mediated protein kinase C (PKC) and on Galpha(i)-induced Ras activation, while they are independent of Gbetagamma subunits, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and tyrosine kinases. Similar results were obtained with m(1) and m(3) muscarinic receptors in HEK293T cells and with the B(2)R in human and mouse fibroblasts, indicating a general mechanism in signaling toward the ERK cascade. Furthermore, the bradykinin-induced activation of ERK is strongly reduced in Galpha(q/11)-deficient fibroblasts. In addition, we found that constitutively active mutants of Galpha(q/11) or Galpha(i) proteins alone poorly stimulate ERK2, whereas a combination of both led to synergistic effects. We conclude that dually coupled GPCRs require a cooperation of Galpha(i)- and G(q/11)-mediated pathways for efficient stimulation of the ERK cascade. Cooperative signaling by multiple G proteins thus might represent a novel concept implicated in the regulation of cellular responses by GPCRs.
Efficient Silencing of <i>bcr</i>/<i>abl</i> Oncogene by Single- and Double-Stranded siRNAs Targeted against b2a2 Transcripts (2004)

In this work, double- and single-stranded small-interference RNAs (siRNAs) were designed to knock down the bcr/abl oncogene in leukaemia KYO-1 cells. The siRNA molecules were targeted against two distinct sites encompassing the b2a2 junction of the bcr/abl transcripts. The siRNAs were able to reduce the levels of both bcr/abl mRNA and protein p210(BCR/ABL). Conversely, control siRNAs bearing 3 or 4 base-pair substitutions did not produce any inhibitory effect. The designed siRNAs were also found to be active in KCl22 cells, which harbor the b2a2 junction, but not in K562 cells, which, by contrast, harbor the b3a2 junction. The anti-b2a2 siRNAs promoted biological effects on KYO-1 cells, because the bcr/abl suppression resulted in the inhibition of cell growth and colony formation in agar and activation of apoptosis and upregulation of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27 protein. The bioactivity of the designed siRNAs is discussed in terms of internal stability of the RNA duplexes. Our data suggest that siRNAs can be considered strong tools for functional analysis of bcr/abl and for developing molecular therapeutic approaches to leukaemia.
Surface plasmon resonance study of the actin-myosin sarcomeric complex and tubulin dimers (2003)

Abstract Biosensors based on the principle of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection were used to measure biomolecular interactions in sarcomeres and changes in the dielectric constant of tubulin samples with varying concentration. At SPR, photons of laser light efficiently excite surface plasmons propagating along a metal (gold) film. This resonance manifests itself as a sharp minimum in the reflection of the incident laser light and occurs at a characteristic angle. The dependence of the SPR angle on the dielectric permittivity of the sample medium adjacent to the gold film allows the monitoring of molecular interactions at the surface. We present results of measurements of cross-bridge attachment-detachment within intact mouse heart muscle sarcomeres and measurements on bovine tubulin molecules pertinent to cytoskeletal signal transduction models.
Rapid stimulation of hepatic oxygen consumption by 3,5-di-iodo-<scp>l</scp>-thyronine (1989)

Tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) as well as 3,5-di-iodothyronine (T2) stimulated O2 consumption by isolated perfused livers from hypothyroid rats at a concentration as low as 1 pM by about 30% within 90 min. Application of T2 resulted in a faster stimulation than with application of T3 or T4. Inhibition of iodothyronine monodeiodinase by propylthiouracil, thereby blocking the degradation of T4 to T3 and of T3 to T2, demonstrated that only T2 is the active hormone for the rapid stimulation of hepatic O2 consumption: T3 and T4 lost all of their stimulative activity, whereas T2 was as potent as in the absence of propylthiouracil. Perfusion experiments with thyroid-hormone analogues confirmed the specificity of the T2 effect. The nucleus is unlikely to contribute to the rapid T2 effect, as can be deduced from perfusion experiments with cycloheximide and lack of induction of malic enzyme by T2. In conclusion, a new scheme of regulation of mitochondrial activity is proposed: T2 acts rapidly and directly via a mitochondrial pathway, whereas T3 exerts its long-term action indirectly by induction of specific enzymes.
An automatic hierarchical image classification scheme (1998)

Article Free Access Share on An automatic hierarchical image classification scheme Authors: Jing Huang Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYView Profile , S. Ravi Kumar Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYView Profile , Ramin Zabih Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims MULTIMEDIA '98: Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on MultimediaSeptember 1998 Pages 219–228https://doi.org/10.1145/290747.290774Published:01 September 1998Publication History 56citation1,209DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations56Total Downloads1,209Last 12 Months80Last 6 weeks11 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Synthesis of Diamond Particles under Alkaline Hydrothermal Conditions (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Structure and energetics of single and multilayer fullerene cages (1993)

Minimum energy structures for large carbon cages are investigated using realistic atomic potentials. Above a critical size of \ensuremath{\sim}6000 there is a stability crossover from single to multilayer cages. The lowest energy atomic configuration of a cage of any size consists only of hexagons and pentagons and is polyhedral in shape. Lowest energy defects involve either rearrangements between pentagons and hexagons or 5-7-5 triplets. Simulated transmission electron microscopy images show that a polyhedral onion appears spheroidal when viewed along its highest symmetry axis, and polyhedral when viewed from a more general direction.
How did Australia's hung parliament deliver a carbon price? (2012)

Even since the Labor Party won power in 2007, it has been dogged by a story of chaos, narrated by the opposition, sections of the media and the resources sector. Climate change politics has been the cause of most of this real and imagined turmoil during both Labor's period of majority government (2007- 2010) and its period of minority government (2010-present).
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Imatinib and Impact on Clinical Decision Making. (2006)

Abstract OBJECTIVES: Imatinib (IM) has demonstrated durable clinical efficacy in the majority of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Optimal response may be influenced by multiple innate and external factors, some of which may be controlled by monitoring plasma concentrations of the drug. This abstract reports 6 cases where analyzing plasma IM trough concentrations (Cmin) in patients treated with three commonly used IM doses (400, 600, and 800 mg daily) influenced clinical decision making. METHODS: IM trough blood samples were collected at a time before that day’s IM dosing. Plasma concentrations of IM were determined by a validated LC/MS/MS method. RESULTS: In large population studies of CML patients enrolled in Phase I, II, and III clinical trials, the mean Cmin levels of IM at 400 mg qd, 600 mg qd, and 400 mg bid doses were: 981 (±543, 55%, n=394), 1572 (±1032, 66%, n=14), and 3479 (±1264, 36%, n=14) ng/mL, respectively. Large inter-patient variability was shown at all three doses. Of the 6 cases detailed in the table below, 4 (ID 1, 3, 4, and 5) had dose reduction due to tolerability concerns with subsequent improvement of symptoms following dose adjustment. One patient (ID 2) had a dose increase because of a poor qRT-PCR response. Another (ID 6) had a dose increase due to low plasma IM exposure resulting from drug-drug interaction with phenytoin, a known inducer of CYP3A4 (the major metabolizing isozyme for IM). After dose adjustment, all six patients showed good clinical response to IM treatment. The new mean Cmin value in these patients was 2000 (±471) ng/mL, representing a 24% coefficient of variability. CONCLUSIONS: Although the data is limited, IM drug monitoring proved useful in managing tolerability, lack of efficacy, adherence or potential drug interactions that modulate imatinib drug concentrations. More prospective studies are needed to demonstrate the value of IM drug monitoring in routine clinical practice. Patient ID Age, Sex CML Stage IM Daily Dose 1st Cmin (ng/mL) Reason for Dose Change New Dosing Regimen New Cmin (ng/mL) CP, chronic phase1 1 54, f CP 200 mg bid, Jan 03 3048, Sep 05 transfusion-dependent, anemia, Sep 05 300 mg, Oct 05 2130, Jan 06 2 9, f CP 300 mg, Jan 05 not done qRT-PCR 0.016, Jan 06 400 mg, Jan 06 2341, Jul 06 3 13, f CP 300 mg bid, May 05; 700 mg, Aug 05; 600 mg, Sep 05 1966, Feb 06 nausea, fatigue, arthralgias, myalgia, ongoing 400 mg, Mar 06 1222, May 06 4 67, f CP 400 mg, Feb 05 not done myelosuppression, Mar 05 200 mg, Mar 05 1928, May 06 5 53, f CP 400 mg, Apr 03; 600 mg, May 03; 800 mg, Jul 04 not done inflammatory pulmonary reaction with shortness of breath; dose held, Mar 05 400 mg, Oct 05 2378, May 06 6 73, m CP 350 mg, on phenytoin, Apr 99 35, Jun 99 stopped phenytoin, Jul 99 500 mg, Jul 99 not done; qRT-PCR negative, Jul 06
An Improved Device for Collecting Pink Bollworm Moths for Large-Scale Rearing Programs1 (1971)

During development of our large-scale rearing program there has been a gradual transition from hand labor to mechanization. Devices have been developed eliminating need for a large labor force and contributing a degree of efficiency not possible with hand labor. During the early stages of the program it was recognized that collection of emerging adults required a technique that would utilize the insects physical responses, i.e. phototactic and geotactic. A device used early in the program was a modification of the 4-gal frozen-food can described by Richmond and Husman (1957), but it proved inadequate as production increased. A cardboard collecting box was then developed that utilized plastic ice cream containers as the trap. Pupae were placed in the cardboard box and when they emerged they were moved into the plastic traps in response to dim overhead incandescent light. This was superior to the frozen-food can but required considerable labor in constructing boxes, cleaning, and decontaminating the reusable plastic traps. Also a considerable loss occurred where moths died inside the cardboard boxes, apparently because they were unable to locate the small exit holes. A device was constructed (Mangum et al. 1969) utilizing a series of cardboard boxes connected by plastic manifold pipes to a central trap. A gentle flow of air was pulled through the pipes and a BL lamp was used to attract the moths into the traps. The device was adequate for large-scale production, but it required use of specially made cardboard boxes. Care had to be taken that the boxes fitted properly, otherwise emerging moths could escape. There was also some mortality inside the boxes. This collection method has now been superseded by a device that eliminates use of cardboard boxes and uses both the phototactic and geotactic responses of the insect.
Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination Using an AS03B-Adjuvanted Influenza A(H5N1) Vaccine in Infants and Children <3 Years of Age (2014)

NCT01323946.
Magnetic-resonance-based system for chemical agent screening (2003)

Quantum Magnetics is developing a system based on magnetic resonance (MR), combined with a proprietary technology, to screen for chemical agents in nonmetallic containers, without the need to open the container. It derives from the successful design and testing of a similar system for detecting liquid explosives. Preliminary measurements indicate that the system promises to quickly screen for many chemical agents and to offer an unambiguous hazard/safe result. The system will be designed to be portable and easy to operate, to need minimal human interpretation, and to be ideal for operation at checkpoints, government building, airports, and the like.
Distributed Vertex Cover Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks (2014)

Vertex covering has important applications for wireless sensor networks such as monitoring link failures, facility location, clustering, and data aggregation. In this study, we designed three algorithms for constructing vertex cover in wireless sensor networks. The first algorithm, which is an adaption of the Parnas & Ron's algorithm, is a greedy approach that finds a vertex cover by using the degrees of the nodes. The second algorithm finds a vertex cover from graph matching where Hoepman's weighted matching algorithm is used. The third algorithm firstly forms a breadth-first search tree and then constructs a vertex cover by selecting nodes with predefined levels from breadth-first tree. We show the operation of the designed algorithms, analyze them, and provide the simulation results in the TOSSIM environment. Finally we have implemented, compared and assessed all these approaches. The transmitted message count of the first algorithm is smallest among other algorithms where the third algorithm has turned out to be presenting the best results in vertex cover approximation ratio.
RecA requires two molecules of Mg2+ ions for its optimal strand exchange activity in vitro (2018)

Mg2+ ion stimulates the DNA strand exchange reaction catalyzed by RecA, a key step in homologous recombination. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of Mg2+ and the strand exchange reaction itself, we investigated the interaction of RecA with Mg2+ and sought to determine which step of the reaction is affected. Thermal stability, intrinsic fluorescence, and native mass spectrometric analyses of RecA revealed that RecA binds at least two Mg2+ ions with KD ≈ 2 mM and 5 mM. Deletion of the C-terminal acidic tail of RecA made its thermal stability and fluorescence characteristics insensitive to Mg2+ and similar to those of full-length RecA in the presence of saturating Mg2+. These observations, together with the results of a molecular dynamics simulation, support the idea that the acidic tail hampers the strand exchange reaction by interacting with other parts of RecA, and that binding of Mg2+ to the tail prevents these interactions and releases RecA from inhibition. We observed that binding of the first Mg2+ stimulated joint molecule formation, whereas binding of the second stimulated progression of the reaction. Thus, RecA is actively involved in the strand exchange step as well as bringing the two DNAs close to each other.
Transversely Spark-Initiated Chemical Laser with High Pulse Energies (1970)

Peak powers exceeding 1 kW of 5.0-μ radiation have been obtained from a pulsed chemical laser. Reactions of CS2/O2/inert gas mixtures were initiated by means of a transverse spark discharge. A maximum pulse energy of 26 mJ was obtained. The pumping reaction was believed to be O+CS=CO+S. Laser action was observed on 79 P-branch transitions in the 13→12 to 2→1 transitions of ground state CO.