gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual U: defeating face liveness detection by building virtual models from your public photos (2016)

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to bypass modern face authentication systems. More specifically, by leveraging a handful of pictures of the target user taken from social media, we show how to create realistic, textured, 3D facial models that undermine the security of widely used face authentication solutions. Our framework makes use of virtual reality (VR) systems, incorporating along the way the ability to perform animations (e.g., raising an eyebrow or smiling) of the facial model, in order to trick liveness detectors into believing that the 3D model is a real human face. The synthetic face of the user is displayed on the screen of the VR device, and as the device rotates and translates in the real world, the 3D face moves accordingly. To an observing face authentication system, the depth and motion cues of the display match what would be expected for a human face.

We argue that such VR-based spoofing attacks constitute a fundamentally new class of attacks that point to a serious weaknesses in camera-based authentication systems: Unless they incorporate other sources of verifiable data, systems relying on color image data and camera motion are prone to attacks via virtual realism. To demonstrate the practical nature of this threat, we conduct thorough experiments using an end-to-end implementation of our approach and show how it undermines the security of several face authentication solutions that include both motion-based and liveness detectors.
A Winding Model for Unsteady Thermal Stress within Wound Roll Considering Entrained Air Effect on Heat Conduction (2011)

Plastic film, formed as wound roll, is stored and transported under the various temperatures which can be different from the winding temperature. This temperature change affects the in-roll stress variation over time. As a result, it could lead to wound roll defect such as blocking or wrinkling. It is extremely important to theoretically estimate the in-roll stress in order to prevent the defect efficiently. In this study, a winding model for the unsteady thermal stress, considering entrained air effect on heat conduction in radial direction is presented. Air layer is formed between the wound films due to air entrainment during winding. On the winding model, the film is treated as equivalent layer combined with the air layer. In addition, the equivalent thermal conductivity, density and specific heat are taken into account the variation of contact between the wound films. Experimental verification result states that the predicted values correspond well to the experimental values. From a parametric study, it is shown that the air layer tends to influence on the heat conduction and the thermal stress if thermal conductivity of plastic film is high and the thickness of the air layer is thick.
Evaluating information security investments using the analytic hierarchy process (2005)

In today's information-based economy, organizations must avoid costly information security breaches. Unfortunately, organizations cannot make all of their information 100% secure all of the time. There are economic, as well as technical, impediments that prevent perfect information security. Accordingly, organizations usually prepare an annual fixed (limited) budget for the maintenance and improvement of their information security systems. Two key issues confront the chief information security officer (CISO) of an organization: how to spend this limited information security budget most effectively, and how to make the case to the organization's chief financial officer (CFO) for an increase in funds to further enhance the organization's information security. The primary objective of this article is to show how to use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to address these two information security issues.
Factors Involved in the Regulation of Type I Collagen Gene Expression: Implication in Fibrosis (2002)

Type I collagen, the major component of extracellular matrix in skin and other tissues, is a heterotrimer of two alpha1 and one alpha2 collagen polypeptides. The synthesis of both chains is highly regulated by different cytokines at the transcriptional level. Excessive synthesis and deposition of collagen in the dermal region causes thick and hard skin, a clinical manifestation of scleroderma. To better understand the causes of scleroderma or other tissue fibrosis, it is very important to investigate the molecular mechanisms that cause upregulation of the Type I collagen synthesis in these tissues. Several cis-acting regulatory elements and trans-acting protein factors, which are involved in basal as well as cytokine-modulated Type I collagen gene expression, have been identified and characterized. Hypertranscription of Type I collagen in scleroderma skin fibroblasts may be due to abnormal activities of different positive or negative transcription factors in response to different abnormally induced signaling pathways. In this review, I discuss the present day understanding about the involvement of different factors in the regulation of basal as well as cytokine-modulated Type I collagen gene expression and its implication in scleroderma research.
Photoacoustic investigation of thermal and transport properties of amorphous GeSe thin films (1994)

In this work the possibility of simultaneous determination of thermal and transport properties of thin films using a photoacoustic method was investigated. The properties of amorphous GeSe thin films, which were evaporated on quartz substrata, were examined by measuring their amplitude and phase photoacoustic spectra as a function of the modulated optical laser beam frequency. The measurements were performed in a specially constructed photoacoustic cell which enabled excitation of the sample on one side and detection of the acoustic response on the other. Thermal diffusivity and transport properties (diffusivity coefficient, recombination time, and the surface recombination velocity) of the GeSe thin films were determined by comparing of the experimental results and the calculated theoretical photoacoustic spectra.
Delamanid for Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis (2012)

Delamanid was associated with an increase in sputum-culture conversion at 2 months among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. This finding suggests that delamanid could enhance treatment options for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. (Funded by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00685360.).
Monte Carlo investigation of electron-impact ionization in liquid xenon (1993)

The electron-energy-distribution function, drift velocity, and ionization rate for electrons in liquid xenon have been calculated using a kinetic model for electron transport. The electron-scattering rates have been obtained with the Van Hove approach in which the liquid is characterized by the dynamic structure function S(q,\ensuremath{\omega}). The threshold field for ionization ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{t}}$ (such that the ionization coefficient \ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\ne}0 for E>${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{t}}$) is found to be approximately 400 kV/cm. This value for ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{t}}$ as well as those for \ensuremath{\alpha} are in good agreement with experiment. In particular, the minimum at high fields in the experimental \ensuremath{\alpha} vs E curve is also present in the calculated results. These results serve to elucidate the kinetics of electron avalanches in liquids.
Reactions of Nucleosides on Polymer Supports. Synthesis of Thymidylylthymidylylthymidine<sup>*</sup> (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Nucleosides on Polymer Supports. Synthesis of Thymidylylthymidylylthymidine*Robert L. Letsinger, Marvin H. Caruthers, and Donald M. JerinaCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 5, 1379–1388Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00857a021https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00857a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calibration and matching of floating gate devices (2002)

We measure the matching characteristics of floating gate MOSFET devices. Arrays of ten FG PFET devices were fabricated on two different runs of the same process. Matching characteristics were measured: (1) direct from the foundry, (2) after Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, (3) after self-limiting PFET hot-electron injection, and (4) after UV exposure. We also found significant threshold voltage drift in long-term memory tests.
Estimating Service Lives of Organic Vapor Cartridges II: A Single Vapor at All Humidities (2004)

A widely used equation model for estimating service lives of organic vapor air-purifying respirator cartridges has been updated with more recent research results. It has been expanded to account for effects of high relative humidities. Adsorption capacity competition between water vapor and organic vapor is largely explained by mutual exclusion of adsorption volume of the activated carbon. The Dubinin/Radushkevich equation is used to describe the adsorption isotherms of both water and organic vapors. Effects of relative humidity and adsorbed water on adsorption rates are described by an empirical correlation with breakthrough times. The dynamic natures of adsorption and competition are incorporated using an expanding zone model with displaced water rollup. The complete model has been tested and verified with published and unpublished data from many sources.
Nanocomposite underfills for flip-chip applications (2004)

The no-flow underfill process is an attractive alternative to the use of capillary underfills in flip-chip attachment. A limitation of typical no-flow underfills is their high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) compared to that of capillary unddills. Conventional micron-sized inorganic fillers that are used to decrease the CTE in capillary underfills have not been successfully incorporated into no-flow formulations because they interfere with the solder interconnection process. This paper describes nanocomposite no-flow underfill adhesives, a promising new class of materials that addresses this liiitation. Nanosilica fillers can be incorporated into self-fluxing no-flow underfill adhesives to lower the CTE of the adhesive formulation. The investigations reported in this paper indicate that unlike conventional fillers, nanosilica filler does not interfere with solder interconnection when present between the solder bumps and bonding pads prior to solder reflow. This nanocomposite technology has provided liquid adhesives that show promise as no-flow underfill adhesives having material properties and thermal performance more like capillary underfills. For a selected nanocomposite underfill adhesive, the CTE, modulus, and viscosity will he compared to an untilled analogue, and its use in the no-flow underfill process will he described. Finally, preliminary thermal cycling data that demonstrate the potential for achieving a significant reliability enhancement with a nanocomposite noflow underfill will be presented.
Experimental Studies on Swirling Flow in a Vertical Circular Tube (2011)

Swirling flows are related to the spiral motion in the tangential direction in addition to the axial and radial direction using several swirl generators. These type of flows are used in combustion chambers to improve flame stability, heat exchanger to enhance heat transfer coefficients, agricultural spraying machines and some vertical pipes to move slurries or transport of materials. However, only a few studies three dimensional velocity profiles in a vertical pipe have been reported. In this present paper, 3 dimension particle image velocimetry(PIV) technique was employed to measure the velocity profiles in water along a vertical circular pipe with Reynolds number from 6000 to 13,000. A tangential inlet condition was used as the swirl generator to produce the required flow. The velocities were measured with swirling flow in the water along the test section using the PIV technique.
Effects of PEEP on the Intracranial System of Patients With Head Injury and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Role of Respiratory System Compliance (2005)

In patients with low Crs, PEEP has no significant effect on cerebral and systemic hemodynamics. Monitoring of Crs may be useful for avoiding deleterious effects of PEEP on the intracranial system of patients with normal Crs.
A Usability Evaluation of an Infusion Pump by Nurses Using a Patient Simulator (2005)

Using a high-fidelity patient simulator, this study had nurses evaluate the advanced features of an intravenous (IV) infusion pump being considered for purchase by a large Canadian health region. Three use cases or scenarios were developed, based on known difficulties administering multiple drugs through separate IV lines and the potential for certain drugs (e.g., heparin) to contribute to adverse outcomes in patients if the drug dosage was incorrectly calculated. After an in-service training session with the pump, thirteen nurses performed the use cases on an Emergency Care Simulator, which displayed a range of vital signs. During the sessions, nurses were required to use a think-aloud protocol, verbalizing all steps they were performing. The most common problems found were with the “Change Mode”and the “Select New Patient”features. Use of the On/Off switch was identified as a common strategy to clear pump information and to escape incorrect navigation paths. The consequential contribution to patient safety of these problems ranged from non-hazardous to potentially very hazardous. A number of design recommendations were made to address problems that were identified with the pump's hardware and software configurations, as well as to any in-service provided to new pump users.
Nitrous Oxide as a Hydrogen Acceptor for the Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols (2015)

The oxidation of alcohols with N2O as the hydrogen acceptor was achieved with low catalyst loadings of a rhodium complex that features a cooperative bis(olefin)amido ligand under mild conditions. Two different methods enable the formation of either the corresponding carboxylic acid or the ester. N2 and water are the only by-products. Mechanistic studies supported by DFT calculations suggest that the oxygen atom of N2O is transferred to the metal center by insertion into the Rh-H bond of a rhodium amino hydride species, generating a rhodium hydroxy complex as a key intermediate.
A smart universal remote control based on audio-visual device virtualization (2009)

With the rapid development of home network technology, sharing multimedia content among AV devices has become easier, however, the operation of these AV devices have become more complicated. These devices display status and related information through on-screen display (OSD) or liquid crystal display module (LCM) display, but the displays have some issues with OSD interference to reception or require users to understand all the symbols on the LCM display. This paper proposes a universal remote control based on AV device virtualization, called V-URC (virtualization based universal remote control), in order to control AV devices V-URC dynamically generates user interfaces, which conform to the current state of devices; this not only simplifies the operation of AV devices, but also eliminates the issues caused by LCM display and OSD-based AV devices In addition, for new AV devices, V-URC can be used directly without the need to go through complicated learning programs or update of firmware.
[Effect of intranasal glucosteroid on the gene expression of interleukin-5 in nasal polyps]. (2004)

These findings indicate that topical steroid treatment may suppress the IL-5 gene expression, and steroids may inhibit eosinophil functions.
Two tumor promoters, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and thapsigargin, act synergistically via distinct signaling pathways to stimulate gene expression. (1990)

The transcriptionally active RVL3-VL30 element contains a triple repeat of TGACTCC, a sequence nearly identical to the AP-1 binding site. However, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulation was unable to elicit chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) expression from a construct containing these AP-1-like sequences upstream of the thymidine kinase promoter present in pTES. Endothelin, which activates protein kinase C (pkC) and elevates intracellular Ca2+ in Rat-1 cells, was effective in stimulating CAT expression from the VL30-pTES construct. We attempted to assess the relative importance of these second messenger systems by stimulating each pathway separately with exogenous agonists. We determined that neither stimulation of pkC by the tumor promoter TPA nor elevation of intracellular Ca2+ by the tumor promoter thapsigargin was sufficient to stimulate CAT expression from the VL30-pTES vector. When combined, the two tumor promoters induced a synergistic increase in CAT expression. Our data indicate that elevation of intracellular Ca2+ by thapsigargin was not required for full activation of pkC by TPA. First, TPA was able to stimulate expression of other genes in Rat-1 cells, indicating full activation of pkC. Second, thapsigargin synergized effectively with epidermal growth factor to stimulate CAT activity from the VL30-pTES construct in cells depleted of pkC activity by chronic TPA treatment. The permissive effects of thapsigargin on gene expression were also observed for an endogenous gene, transin/stromelysin. The permissive effects of elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels may represent a general mechanism for the stimulation of some genes by pkC-mediated pathways.
Simulation of Interactions in Asphaltene Aggregates (2000)

Molecular mechanics and dynamics calculations were carried out for asphaltenes and resins from crude oils of different origins. Average structural models were used in order to study the forces that determine the association process of asphaltenes and resins in crude oils. The stabilization energies obtained for asphaltene and resin associates were due mainly to the van der Waals forces between the molecules. Comparatively, the contribution of the hydrogen bonding to the stabilization energy was low. It was also found that few structural changes occur in the molecules due to aggregation. Therefore, the contribution of the conformation changes to the stabilization energy was also very low. According to the results obtained, the stabilization energy of the associates depends on the structural characteristics of the molecules. In particular, the stabilization energy is more favorable for those molecules with lower hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, higher aromaticity, and higher aromatic condensation degree. When different solvents were used to break the associates, this tendency was confirmed. The breaking of the associates occurred for those molecules with higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratio and lower aromaticity. These results can be linked to the experimental finding of a greater tendency to precipitate for those asphaltenes with low hydrogen-to-carbon ratio and high aromaticity.
Use of the esophageal balloon in the diagnosis of carcinomas of the head, neck and upper gastrointestinal tract. (1984)

A study was undertaken to demonstrate the safety, efficacy and value of esophageal balloon cytology in the diagnosis of esophageal lesions and as a tool in screening a high-risk patient population. The sampling was performed 110 times on 96 patients, 11 with known obstructive carcinoma of the esophagus and 85 thought to be at risk for esophageal cancer: 74 with treated or untreated cancer of the head and neck area and 11 with dysphagia or other findings requiring clarification. The method was well tolerated by the patients, and the cytologic smears were of excellent quality. Malignant or suspicious cells were found in smears from 7 to 11 patients with documented esophageal cancer and in 7 of 85 patients believed to be at risk. In the latter group there were three unsuspected recurrent cancers of the oropharyngeal region and one unsuspected carcinoma in situ of the esophagus. There were no false-suspicious or false-positive results. This noninvasive technique of esophageal cytology obviously deserves additional trials as an adjunct in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the head and neck and upper gastrointestinal tract, especially in high-risk patients.
Differential expression of the α2,3-sialic acid residues in breast cancer is associated with metastatic potential (2011)

Aberrant sialylation is closely associated with the malignant phenotype of cancer cells and metastatic potential. However, the precise nature of the molecules in breast cancers has not been unveiled. In this study, we investigated the expression levels of α2,3-sialic acid residues of 50 primary tumor cases, 50 pair-matched lymph node metastasis tumor samples and in the MDA-MB-231, T-47D and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines with different metastatic potential. The expression of α2,3-sialic acid residues was analyzed by histochemistry, cytochemistry and flow cytometry with Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL). The invasion and migration abilities of cells were examined using cell adhesion and transwell in vitro assays. Pair-matched lymph node metastasis tumor samples exhibited higher levels of expression of α2,3-sialic acid residues compared to that of primary tumors (P=0.0432). Furthermore, of 38 tumors cases in T1/T2 stages, 31 (81.58%) had weak staining for MAL, which specifically binds to α2,3-sialic acid residues, whereas of 12 tumor cases in T3/T4 stages, only 1 (8.33%) had weak reactions for MAL. The highly metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 exhibited the strongest binding to MAL and the highest expression levels of α2,3-sialic acid residues among the selected cell lines, depending on mRNA expression levels of α2,3-sialyltransferase gene. The adhesion, invasion and migration activities confirmed that MDA-MB-231 exhibited the greater cell adhesion to, migration toward and invasion to Matrigel. Taken together, the high expression of α2,3-sialic acid residues in breast cancer was associated with metastatic potential. This property may be important for developing new therapeutic approaches for breast cancer.
High frequency of fetal cells within a primitive stem cell population in maternal blood (2008)

These results identify adherent CD34+ stem cells as candidate fetal microchimeric cells, which are capable of sustaining the fetal cell population in the long term and have the ability to colonize multiple tissues and organs.