gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Automated Fully Enzymatic Assays for Lipase Activity in Serum Compared: Positive Interference from Post-Heparin Lipase Activity (1992)

The fully enzymatic Wako and Ektachem assays for pancreatic lipase in serum were found to yield precise (especially Ektachem) and consistent results that were significantly correlated (r = 0.995). Less good concordance was found with the turbidimetric aca method, results being on several occasions above normal by Wako or Ektachem but within the reference limit by the aca. Supplementation of aca packs with colipase generally increased lipase activities measured by the aca in these samples, thereby improving the correlation with Wako and Ektachem. In vitro addition experiments documented that both Wako and Ektachem were relatively insensitive to common chemical interferences. However, post-heparin lipase activities produced a positive interference in both assays, resulting in seemingly increased lipase activities that were suggestive of pancreatic disease. Substituting sodium glycocholate (6 mmol/L) for deoxycholic acid largely eliminated this positive interference in the Wako assay. Because Ektachem reagents cannot be modified in this way, we added sodium glycocholate (2-12 mmol/L) to sera; however, this failed to dissipate the in vivo effect of heparin on the Ektachem results.
A Designed Protein Interface That Blocks Fibril Formation (2004)

Protein fibril formation is implicated in many diseases, and therefore much effort has been focused toward the development of inhibitors of this process. In a previous project, a monomeric protein was computationally engineered to bind itself and form a heterodimer complex following interfacial redesign. One of the protein monomers, termed monomer-B, was unintentionally destabilized and shown to form macroscopic fibrils. Interestingly, in the presence of the designed binding partner, fibril formation was blocked. Here we describe the complete characterization of the amyloid properties of monomer-B and the inhibition of fiber formation by the designed binding partner, monomer-A. Both proteins are mutants of the betal domain of streptococcal protein-G. The free monomer-B protein forms amyloid-type fibrils, as determined by transmission electron microscopy and the change in fluorescence of Thioflavin T, an amyloid-specific dye. Fibril formation kinetics are influenced by pH, protein concentration, and seeding with preformed fibrils. Under all conditions tested, monomer-A was able to inhibit the formation of monomer-B fibrils. This inhibition is specific to the engineered interaction, as incubation of monomer-B with wild-type protein-G (a structural homologue) did not result in inhibition under the same conditions. Thus, this de novo-designed heterodimeric complex is an excellent model system for the study of protein-based fibril formation and inhibition. This system provides additional insight into the development of pharmaceuticals for amyloid disorders, as well as the potential use of amyloid fibrils for self-assembling nanostructures.
Polynomial Estimation of Time-Varying Multipath Gains With Intercarrier Interference Mitigation in OFDM Systems (2009)

In this paper, we consider the case of a high-speed mobile receiver operating in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system. We present an iterative algorithm for estimating multipath complex gains with intersubcarrier interference (ICI) mitigation (using comb-type pilots). Each complex gain variation is approximated by a polynomial representation within several OFDM symbols. Assuming knowledge of delay-related information, polynomial coefficients are obtained from time-averaged gain values, which are estimated using the least-square (LS) criterion. The channel matrix is easily computed, and the ICI is reduced by using successive interference suppression (SIS) during data symbol detection. The algorithm's performance is further enhanced by an iterative procedure, performing channel estimation and ICI mitigation at each iteration. Theoretical analysis and simulation results for a Rayleigh fading channel show that the proposed algorithm has low computational complexity and good performance in the presence of high normalized Doppler spread.
Putting local features on a manifold (2010)

Local features have proven very useful for recognition. Manifold learning has proven to be a very powerful tool in data analysis. However, manifold learning application for images are mainly based on holistic vectorized representations of images. The challenging question that we address in this paper is how can we learn image manifolds from a punch of local features in a smooth way that captures the feature similarity and spatial arrangement variability between images. We introduce a novel framework for learning a manifold representation from collections of local features in images. We first show how we can learn a feature embedding representation that preserves both the local appearance similarity as well as the spatial structure of the features. We also show how we can embed features from a new image by introducing a solution for the out-of-sample that is suitable for this context. By solving these two problems and defining a proper distance measure in the feature embedding space, we can reach an image manifold embedding space.
A New Coupling Approach Using a 1D System Simulation Software and a 3D Combustion Code Applied to Transient Engine Operation (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Today's engine development concentrates mostly on steady state conditions to benchmark performance. In fact, the engine behaviour under transient operation is increasingly of interest due to the dynamic interactions between the engine sub-systems. Transient testing is however highly demanding and requires complex and sophisticated facilities.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper highlights an efficient way to investigate the transient engine behaviour using an original numerical approach based on the coupling between IFP-ENGINE, a 1D engine simulation tool, and IFP-C3D, a 3D combustion code. IFP-C3D is employed to extend or replace the experimental combustion maps used in IFP-ENGINE in the form of Wiebe's law. Basically, the process consists in first making the 3D in-cylinder combustion computations corresponding to all relevant engine operating conditions and then processing the combustion results via IFP-Combustion-Fitting, a specific tool that feeds IFP-ENGINE model with optimised Wiebe's law coefficients.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">We first present the main tools as well as the coupling process. An application to the transient simulation of a turbo-charged gasoline direct injection engine is then proposed. The results of the numerical simulation are compared to the experimental results to demonstrate the predictability of this approach.</div>
Comparison of three physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models for the prediction of contrast agent distribution measured by dynamic MR imaging (2008)

In this evaluation, the dispersion model was most robust for prediction of Gd-CTCs derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI. This represents a preliminary step in the development of a PBPK model useful for predicting Gd-CTCs at a time resolution appropriate for dynamic MRI applications.
Eosinophil count in nasal secretions of subjects with and without nasal symptoms. (2000)

The aim of this paper, based on a cross-sectional study of 129 patients with nonallergic chronic nasal symptoms and 40 healthy controls, was to examine the leucocyte differential count in nasal secretions as a diagnostic test. Nasal secretions were collected using preweighed suction glass canulas under controlled conditions (-100Pa, 30 sec). Leucocyte and differential counts were performed using a Thoma hemocytometer and on cytospin slides after May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining. The percentage of eosinophils (Eo) was significantly higher in patients (mean +/- SEM: 15.1 +/- 2.3%) than in controls (5 +/- 2.6%) (p < 0.04). Comparison of the frequency distribution of the percentage of Eo in patients and controls clearly showed a subgroup of patients presenting with nasal secretion hypereosinophilia, and allowed us to set the positivity criterion at Eo = 20%. Diurnal variations in Eo count in 11 controls and 8 patients confirmed the value of the cutoff point. In 28 patients with nasal polyposis who underwent surgery, a correlation was found between secretion and tissue eosinophelia (r = 0.58, p = 0.001). Patients with nasal secretion hypereosinophilia had no more leucocytes in their secretions than healthy controls, the increase in eosinophils being balanced by a decrease in neutrophils. In patients without hypereosinophilia, the number of leucocytes per milligram of secretion was four times higher (8672 +/- 2521) than in the controls (2020 +/- 823) (p = 0.06) (cut-off point = 2500 leu/mg). These data show that the nasal cytogram can be modified either in qualitative or quantitative way, probably depending on the underlying inflammatory process.
Gelsolin Induces Promonocytic Leukemia Differentiation Accompanied by Upregulation of p21CIP1 (2012)

Tumor suppressor genes have received much attention for their roles in the development of human malignancies. Gelsolin has been found to be down-regulated in several types of human cancers, including leukemias. It is, however, expressed in macrophages, which are the final differentiation derivatives for the monocytic myeloid lineage, implicating this protein in the differentiation process of such cells. In order to investigate the role of gelsolin in leukaemic cell differentiation, stable clones over-expressing ectopic gelsolin, and a control clone were established from U937 leukaemia cells. Unlike the control cells, both gelsolin-overexpressing clones displayed retarded growth, improved monocytic morphology, increased NADPH and NSE activities, and enhanced surface expression of the β-integrin receptor, CD11b, when compared with the parental U937 cells. Interestingly, RT- PCR and western blot analysis also revealed that gelsolin enhanced p21CIP1 mRNA and protein expression in the overexpressing clones. Moreover, transient transfection with siRNA silencing P21CIP1, but not the control siRNA, resulted in a reduction in monocytic differentiation, accompanied by an increase in proliferation. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that gelsolin, by itself, is capable of inducing monocytic differentiation in U937 leukaemia cells, most probably through p21CIP1 activation.
Sexualidad y VIH/SIDA en el mundo marítimo de Valparaíso (2001)

Esta publicación da cuenta de los resultados de un proyecto de investigación acción realizado con parejas de trabajadores marítimo portuarios de la Comuna de San Antonio, orientado a promover la prevención del VIH/SIDA dentro de esta población. En una primera fase, que es la que se informa en este artículo, el proyecto consistió en un diagnóstico cuantitativo y cualitativo sobre temas relacionados con la sexualidad de estas mujeres y con la comunicación al interior de la pareja. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que el machismo arraigado en el sector portuario se expresa fuertemente a nivel de la sexualidad tanto en la legitimidad social y cultural de las relaciones extramaritales como en las escasas posibilidades que se les ofrecen a las mujeres para participar en la toma de decisiones respecto de la vida sexual. La conjugación de estos factores convierte a este grupo específico en una población con un alto grado de vulnerabilidad frente al VIH, haciéndose necesario promover estrategias de capacitación y empoderamiento en este grupo de mujeres. En este sentido, la educación informal y la realización de talleres educativos adecuados a su realidad social y cultural aparecen como la mejor forma de llegar a este grupo específico de la población.
[Effect of a strong constant magnetic field and a hypomagnetic surrounding medium on histochemical indices of albino rat liver]. (1976)

The paper presents histochemical measurements of the liver of white rats exposed to strong and weak constant magnetic fields. A repeated influence (30 min a day) of the strong magnetic field of 912 ersted for 16 days inhibits synthetic processes in the liver tissue. A more prolonged (30 days) exposure to the field produces insignificant histochemical changes which seem to be induced by the occuring compensatory reaction. It is shown that a month long stay of animals in the environment shielded from the geomagnetic field may enhance synthetic processes in some cells and inhibit them in others.
Semantically driven social data aggregation interfaces for Research 2.0 (2011)

We propose a framework to address an important issue in the context of the ongoing adoption of the "Web 2.0" in science and research, often referred to as "Science 2.0" or "Research 2.0". A growing number of people are linked via acquaintances and online social networks such as Twitter1allows indirect access to a huge amount of ideas. These ideas are contained in a massive human information flow [35]. That users of these networks produce relevant data is being shown in many studies [1][2][28][36]. The problem however lies in discovering and verifying such a stream of unstructured data items. Another related problem is locating an expert that could provide an answer to a very specific research question. We are using semantic technologies (RDF2, SPARQL3), common vocabularies(SIOC4, FOAF5, SWRC6) and Linked Data (DBpedia7, GeoNames8, CoLinDa9) [3][4][5] to extract and mine the data about scientific events out of context of microblogs. Hereby we are identifying persons and organization related to them based on entities of time, place and topic. The framework provides an API that allows quick access to the information that is analyzed by our system. As a proof-of-concept we explain, implement and evaluate such a researcher profiling use case. It involves the development of a framework that focuses on the proposition of researches based on topics and conferences they have in common. This framework provides an API that allows quick access to the analyzed information. A demonstration application: "Researcher Affinity Browser" shows how the API supports developers to build rich internet applications for Research 2.0. This application also introduces the concept "affinity" that exposes the implicit proximity between entities and users based on the content users produced. The usability of a demonstration application and the usefulness of the framework itself are investigated with an explicit evaluation questionnaire. This user feedback led to important conclusions about successful achievements and opportunities to further improve this effort.
Spectroscopic ellipsometry—A perspective (2013)

Since its initial development in the early 1970s, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) has become the primary technique for determining optical properties of materials. In addition to the other historic role of ellipsometry, determining film thicknesses, SE is now widely used to obtain intrinsic and structural properties of homogeneous and inhomogeneous materials in bulk and thin-film form, including properties of surfaces and interfaces. Its nondestructive capability for determining critical dimensions has made SE indispensible in integrated-circuits technology. The present work is aimed at those who are unfamiliar with SE but may feel that it could provide useful information in specific situations. Accordingly, the author gives some background and basic theory, and then illustrates capabilities with various applications. Coverage of the topic is necessarily limited, but references to more complete treatments are provided.
Acetaminophen Causes an Increased International Normalized Ratio by Reducing Functional Factor VII (2000)

Acetaminophen may increase International Normalized Ratio (INR) in patients taking anticoagulation medication, and in patients with acetaminophen poisoning without hepatic injury. The objective of this study was to describe and investigate the effect of acetaminophen on INR. The authors studied patients admitted to a regional toxicology treatment center with acetaminophen poisoning with INR and without potentially confounding coingestion or hepatic injury. Exposed and nonexposed (control) cohorts were recruited from admissions with acetaminophen poisoning and psychotropic drug poisoning, respectively. From 1,437 acetaminophen poisonings, after exclusions, there were 143 admissions with 205 estimations of INR. INR showed a time-dependent increase. Fifty percent of all patients and 66% of those with an extrapolated 4-hour acetaminophen concentration > or = 150 mg/L had an abnormal INR at some time. Dose ingested (p = 0.01) and nomogram-based risk (p for trend = 0.005) were correlated with the effect. N-acetylcysteine had a protective effect. Functional factor VII was lower (p = 0.005) in exposed patients (n = 30) than controls (n = 8), and less than antigenic factor VII in exposed patients (p = 0.03). Factor IX was lower (p = 0.02). Factor VIIIc was not significantly different. The authors concluded that an isolated, small rise in INR is common after acetaminophen poisoning without hepatic injury. It appears to be caused by inhibition of Vitamin K-dependent activation of coagulation factors. This effect suggests a possible mechanism for the observed interaction between acetaminophen and warfarin.
Damping–undamping strategies for the Levenberg–Marquardt nonlinear least-squares method (1997)

The speed of the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) nonlinear iterative least-squares method depends upon the choice of damping strategy when the fitted parameters are highly correlated. Additive damping with small damping increments and large damping decrements permits LM to efficiently solve difficult problems, including those that otherwise cause stagnation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
M2M Billing for Electric Autonomous Vehicles (2018)

Electric Autonomous Vehicles (EAVs) promise to be an effective way to solve transportation issues such as accidents, emissions and congestion, and aim at establishing the foundation of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) economy. For this to be possible, the market should be able to offer appropriate charging services without involving humans. The state-of-the-art mechanisms of charging and billing do not meet this requirement, and often impose service fees for value transactions that may also endanger users and their location privacy. This paper aims at filling this gap and envisions a new charging architecture and a billing framework for EAV which would enable M2M transactions via the use of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT).
Non-numeric preference relations and their satisfaction degrees for pairwise fuzzy group-decision making (2002)

This article discusses gradual improvements to pairwise group-decision making based on fuzzy preference relations. A single-points numeric method and a semi-numeric, i.e. linguistic labels representation with fuzzy sets computation method are summarized. Then, degrees of satisfaction to the preference values are defined and accommodated to the model. This allows the decision makers to express the corresponding satisfaction degrees to the preference values. The proposed method is verified and applied to solving fuzzy group-decision making cases. The results are observed and the possibilities to further improve the method are discussed.
The influence of vehicle distribution models on packet success probability on a three lane motorway (2002)

This paper evaluates the influence of vehicle distribution models on the packet success probability when used for vehicles sending data to a base station near the motorway. Four statistical models for the distribution of the vehicles on a three lane motorway are analyzed and compared with the results obtained when using real vehicle measurements. The measurements are split into three traffic conditions: queueing traffic with low speed, heavy traffic with small average headways and light traffic. The distribution models are used to calculate packet success probabilities using Rice distribution, capture effect and a single slope path loss model. The results show that, depending on the desired accuracy, fixed vehicle positions or exponential distributions can be chosen.
Enhancing the Electrochemical Performance of SbTe Bimetallic Anodes for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries: Roles of the Binder and Carbon Support Matrix (2019)

Synergism between the alloy materials and the carbon support matrix, in conjunction with the binder and electrolyte additives, is of utmost importance when developing sodium-ion batteries as viable replacements for lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we demonstrate the importance of the binder and carbon support matrix in enhancing the stabilities, cyclabilities, and capacity retentions of bimetallic anodes in sodium-ion batteries. SbTe electrodes containing 20%, 30%, and 40% carbon were fabricated with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) binders, and electrochemically evaluated at a current rate of 100 mA g<sup>-1</sup> using electrolytes with 0%, 2%, and 5% added fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). The electrodes with the PVDF binder in cells with 5% FEC added to the electrolyte showed capacity retentions that increased with increasing carbon percentage, delivering reversible capacities of 34, 69, and 168 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> with 20%, 30%, and 40% carbon; these electrodes retained 8.1%, 17.4%, and 44.8% of their respective capacities after 100 cycles. However, electrodes composed of the PAA binder in cells with 5% FEC added to the electrolyte delivered reversible capacities of 408, 373, and 341 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> with 20%, 30%, and 40% carbon; 93.5%, 93.4%, and 94.4% of their respective capacities were retained after 100 cycles. The carbon support matrix plays a significant role in improving the stability, cyclability, and capacity retention of the electrode. However, when the tradeoff between capacity and cyclability associated with carbon percentage is considered, the binder plays a significantly more prominent role in achieving high capacities, high cyclabilities, and enhanced retention rates.
Video scene detection using dominant sets (2008)

In this paper, we propose a weighted undirected graph-based video scene detection method. The method is based on the idea of using the complete information of the graph. For this aim, each shot is represented by a vertex on the graph. Edge weights among vertices are evaluated by using spatial and temporal similarities of shots. Only a single video scene boundary which has the highest probability to be the correct one is determined and this scene boundary information is also used as a clue in the next steps. A tree-based peeling strategy is proposed to determine the boundaries of the remaining scenes. In order to test our graph-based video scene detection method, we used DVD chapters' information and promising results were obtained when compared to the results of the similar work presented in literature.
Reactive dyes: Preparation of substituted styrylpyrimidines and styryl‐<i>s</i>‐triazines (1966)

Abstract Reactive styrene dyes, in which a dichloropyrimidine or triazine group is incorporated with the reactive methylene component, have been prepared and evidence for their chemical reaction with polyamide fibre (nylon) given. The corresponding hydroxy‐, amino‐ and substituted‐amino‐styryl‐ s ‐triazines have been made. The diaminotriazinyl group has also been introduced into the aldehyde component, but attempts to hydrolyse this to give the corresponding dihydroxy derivative were unsuccessful.