gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable Recommendation with Social Contextual Information (2014)

Exponential growth of information generated by online social networks demands effective and scalable recommender systems to give useful results. Traditional techniques become unqualified because they ignore social relation data; existing social recommendation approaches consider social network structure, but social contextual information has not been fully considered. It is significant and challenging to fuse social contextual factors which are derived from users' motivation of social behaviors into social recommendation. In this paper, we investigate the social recommendation problem on the basis of psychology and sociology studies, which exhibit two important factors: individual preference and interpersonal influence. We first present the particular importance of these two factors in online behavior prediction. Then we propose a novel probabilistic matrix factorization method to fuse them in latent space. We further provide a scalable algorithm which can incrementally process the large scale data. We conduct experiments on both Facebook style bidirectional and Twitter style unidirectional social network data sets. The empirical results and analysis on these two large data sets demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms the existing approaches.approaches.
Capacitation and acrosome reaction in stallion spermatozoa : functional and clinical aspects (2001)

Male fertility requires completion of a sequence of elaborate processes\nincluding not only spermatogenesis, sperm transport, accessory gland\nsecretion and sperm deposition in the female reproductive tract, but also\ntwo very important sperm related events, i.e. capacitation and acrosome\nreaction. In absence of either no fertilisation in vivo can take place. The\nsite of capacitation in vivo is the oviduct or the uterus, depending on the\nspecies, and that of the acrosome reaction is the zona pellucida. A zona\npellucida glycoprotein, ZP3 and progesterone are the two most studied\nphysiological inducers of acrosome reaction. Since the report of the\npresence of progesterone binding sperm proteins, conveniently termed\nprogesterone receptors, on the plasma membrane, progesterone induced sperm\nacrosome reaction has attracted a great deal of attention.\n\nThe work presented in this thesis concerns the membrane changes taking\nplace in stallion spermatozoa during capacitation and acrosome reaction,\nand the signal transduction mechanism leading to the latter in response to\nprogesterone stimulation. Novel flow cytometry-based techniques for\nevaluating capacitation and acrosome reaction have been described, and a\nnew parameter to predict male fertility, based on exposure of progesterone\nreceptor, has been proposed.
Effect of Estrogen Deficiency on Skeletal and Alveolar Bone Density in Sheep (2002)

Serial measurements of alveolar BMD predicts loss of skeletal BMD in OVX sheep. Changes in alveolar BMD precede estrogen deficiency, suggesting that early signs of reduced BMD may be detected in peri-menopausal women. The presence of biomarkers of bone metabolism within saliva and their correlation with reduced BMD suggests that saliva could be used as an adjunct screening method for assessment of skeletal bone density.
Genetic evolution and co-evolution of computer programs (1991)

this paper for descriptive purposes only. The co-evolution algorithm uses only relative fitness. In one run (with population size of 300), the individual strategy for player X in the initial random generation (generation 0) with the best relative fitness was
Deceptive Attack and Defense Game in Honeypot-Enabled Networks for the Internet of Things (2016)

In modern days, breakthroughs in information and communications technologies lead to more and more devices of every imaginable type being connected to the Internet. This also strengthens the need for protection against cyber-attacks, as virtually any devices with a wireless connection could be vulnerable to malicious hacking attempts. Meanwhile, honeypot-based deception mechanism has been considered as one of the methods to ensure security for modern networks in the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we address the problem of defending against attacks in honeypot-enabled networks by looking at a game-theoretic model of deception involving an attacker and a defender. The attacker may try to deceive the defender by employing different types of attacks ranging from a suspicious to a seemingly normal activity, while the defender in turn can make use of honeypots as a tool of deception to trap attackers. The problem is modeled as a Bayesian game of incomplete information, where equilibria are identified for both the one-shot game and the repeated game versions. Our results show that there is a threshold for the frequency of active attackers, above which both players will take deceptive actions and below which the defender can mix up his/her strategy while keeping the attacker's success rate low.
Application generator based on parameterized templates (2004)

This paper presents a proprietary application generator that generates the source code based on code templates and on user-defined parameters applied to these templates. The generator is designed to generate source code written in different languages and for different types of applications. The underlying data model and structure of the templates are presented. The operating principles of the tool are explained on some simple template examples written in XML and on the VB.NET source code generated by the templates. Usage of the tool is briefly described at the end of the article
Front-End Processing of Cell Lysates for Enhanced Chip-Based Detection (2006)

The goal of this project was to develop a means to separate target DNA oligomers from complex mixtures using a tag-and separate approach that involves the use of surfactants that bind specifically to short sequences of the DNA targets. The surfactants include a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) segment to provide highly specific binding to DNA targets. Separation is achieved using capillary electrophoresis, the standard method of fluid manipulation used in lab-on-a-chip devices. A small unknown sample is first mixed with the PNA surfactants (PNAA) to tag the DNA targets, and then the sample is flushed with conventional surfactant micelles to pick up the tagged DNA targets. The method has several advantages over other specific DNA separation methods, such as the use of magnetic beads. Binding of PNAA to DNA occurs in solution, rather than on a bead surface, improving binding kinetics and preventing fouling of the bead surface by adsorption of proteins or lipids. The method is also compatible with longer DNA targets possessing overhanging stretches of DNA. The use of surfactants also helps to keep the capillary wall clean and free of adsorbed protein and lipid. The method can also distinguish both sequence and molecular weight of the target DNA.
Systematic real-time traffic segmentation in substation automation systems (2013)

There are two types of real-time Layer 2 multicast traffic in an IEC 61850 substation. It is desirable to properly segment the multicast traffic in order to avoid overloading end devices that do not subscribe to the traffic. The traffic can be segmented based on VLANs and multicast address filters. However, the engineering of VLANs and multicast address filters in complex IEC 61850 substation systems requires meticulous effort to avoid errors. This paper presents a systematic approach to not only assign minimum number of VLANs and multicast addresses to real-time traffic in an IEC 61850 substation, but also to derive the appropriate VLAN and multicast address filter settings for all Ethernet switches in the substation. The derived switch filter settings ensure that the traffic reaches only its subscribers and thereby the proper operation of substation automation system.
S. Ashcroft and C. Pereira. Practical Statistics for the Biological Sciences. Palgrave, Suffolk: Macmillan2003. pp. 148 + Appendices, Glossary and Index. £18·99, ISBN 0 333 96044 0 (2004)

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SO<sub>2</sub> Uptake on Oleic Acid: A New Formation Pathway of Organosulfur Compounds in the Atmosphere (2016)

Organosulfates are tracers for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. We propose a new mechanism of organosulfur product formation in the atmosphere, in which sulfur dioxide (SO2) reacts directly with alkenes. The experiments were conducted at the gas–liquid interface with a coated-wall flow tube reactor. It was shown, for the first time, that SO2 reacts efficiently with the unsaturated bond in oleic acid under atmospheric conditions (without ozone), leading to the formation of C9 and C18 organosulfur products. The associated uptake coefficients were in excess of 10–6, decreasing with initial SO2 concentration and increasing with humidity. These results might explain a fraction of organosulfur products detected in atmospheric particles. This work tends to elucidate the role of organosulfates’ interfacial chemistry as a potentially unrecognized pathway for their contribution to SOA formation; however, it remains to be determined how significant this pathway is to the overall organosulfate abundances measured in ambient aerosol.
Impulses and stochastic arithmetic for signal processing (2002)

Explores the use of Poisson point processes and stochastic arithmetic to perform signal processing, functions. Our work is inspired by the asynchrony and fault tolerance of biological neural systems. The essence of our approach is to code the input signal as the rate parameter of a Poisson point process, perform stochastic computing operations on the signal in the arrival or "pulse" domain, and decode the output signal by estimating the rate of the resulting process. An analysis of the Poisson pulse frequency modulation encoding error is performed. Asynchronous, stochastic computing operations are applied to the impulse stream and analyzed. A special finite impulse response (FIR) filtering scheme is proposed that preserves the Poisson properties and allows filters to be cascaded without compromising the ideal signal statistics.
Gut-liver axis at the frontier of host-microbial interactions (2017)

Liver and intestine are tightly linked through the venous system of the portal circulation. Consequently, the liver is the primary recipient of gut-derived products, most prominently dietary nutrients and microbial components. It functions as a secondary "firewall" and protects the body from intestinal pathogens and other microbial products that have crossed the primary barrier of the intestinal tract. Disruption of the intestinal barrier enhances microbial exposure of the liver, which can have detrimental or beneficial effects in the organ depending on the specific circumstances. Conversely, the liver also exerts influence over intestinal microbial communities via secretion of bile acids and IgA antibodies. This mini-review highlights key findings and concepts in the area of host-microbial interactions as pertinent to the bilateral communication between liver and gut and highlights the concept of the gut-liver axis.
Restructuring of memory hierarchy in computing system with spintronics-based technologies (2012)

The restructuring of today's computer memory hierarchies that are caught in a dilemma between performance gain and power reduction is one of the most promising ways to making the computers much more efficient with much less power. To this end, several possibilities of using NV memories and NV logic with spin-transfer-torque magnetic tunnel junction (STT-MTJ) as levels in new hierarchies are discussed. A new NV-SRAM cell consisting of four transistors and two MTJs (4T-2MTJ) is shown to be a promising candidate for future NV-cache memories. For NV-main memories, we propose a PFET-based 1T-1MTJ cell combined with a new sense amplifier (S/A). A new NV-latch that can be constructed in flip-flops of synchronous core circuits is proposed and the world's fastest 600MHz operation is experimentally demonstrated.
Efficient adaptive cooling rate hybrid ARQ protocols (2003)

Efficient stop-and-wait, go-back-N and selective-repeat hybrid automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) protocols with adaptive forward error correction using punctured and repetition convolutional coding are proposed and analyzed. The basic idea is to vary the coding rate for error correction according to system parameters, such as the signal-to-noise ratio, the round trip delay and the buffer size at the receiver, so as to maximize the throughput efficiency. The authors refer to these schemes as adaptive coding rate (ACR) ARQ protocols. The performance of the proposed ACR ARQ protocols is evaluated for an additive white Gaussian noise channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prioritized MPEG-4 Audio-Visual Objects Streaming over the DiffServ (2005)

The object-based scalable coding in MPEG-4 is investigated, and a prioritized transmission scheme of MPEG-4 audio-visual objects (AVOs) over the DiffServ network with the QoS guarantee is proposed. MPEG-4 AVOs are extracted and classified into different groups according to their priority values and scalable layers (visual importance). These priority values are mapped to the IP DiffServ per hop behaviors (PHB). This scheme can selectively discard packets with low importance, in order to avoid the network congestion. Simulation results show that the quality of received video can gracefully adapt to network state, as compared with the 'best-effort' manner. Also, by allowing the content provider to define prioritization of each audio-visual object, the adaptive transmission of object-based scalable video can be customized based on the content.
Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption By Low-Frequency Ultrasound (2006)

Background and Purpose— A recent study showed a dramatic increase in cerebral hemorrhage comprising atypical locations with low-frequency ultrasound–mediated recombinant tissue plasminogen activator–thrombolysis in humans. Here, we provide a possible explanation for this phenomenon by a side effect observed in a study using the similar ultrasound device. Methods— The study was originally undertaken to investigate by transcranial Doppler sonography, positron emission tomography and perfusion MRI whether transcranial application of wide-field low-frequency ultrasound (300 kHz) improves cerebral hemodynamics in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Results— Showing no clear positive effect on cerebral hemodynamics in 4 patients and on cerebral perfusion (positron emission tomography) in 2 patients, the study has been terminated early because of a remarkable side effect in the first patient (a 62 year-old man) undergoing perfusion-MRI: detection of frontoparietal extravasation of Gadolinium contrast ag...
Integrated Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor Using PbTiO<sub>3</sub> Thin Film (1983)

A linear array infrared sensor has been developed by depositing PbTiO 3 thin film on Pt-coated mica, Si crystal or Si membrane by rf sputtering. A basic study on sensing characteristics has been made on the linear array sensor having 16 elements. Frequency dependence of the pyroelectric current and their cross talk are analyzed by taking account of thermal diffusion in the array. A primitive experimental trial in the room-temperature-operable infrared imaging has been done.
Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Homo-Coupling of Aryl Grignard Reagents (2005)

[reaction: see text] Iron-catalyzed homo-coupling of aryl Grignard reagents was successfully developed. A variety of aryl Grignard reagents were efficiently converted into the corresponding symmetrical biaryls in the presence of 1-5 mol % FeCl3 and a stoichiometric amount of 1,2-dichloroethane.
Characterization of the ethanol‐inducible <i>alc</i> gene‐expression system in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2001)

Controlled expression of transgenes in plants is key to the characterization of gene function and the regulated manipulation of growth and development. The alc gene-expression system, derived from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, has previously been used successfully in both tobacco and potato, and has potential for use in agriculture. Its value to fundamental research is largely dependent on its utility in Arabidopsis thaliana. We have undertaken a detailed function analysis of the alc regulon in A. thaliana. By linking the alcA promoter to beta-glucuronidase (GUS), luciferase (LUC) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) genes, we demonstrate that alcR-mediated expression occurs throughout the plant in a highly responsive manner. Induction occurs within one hour and is dose-dependent, with negligible activity in the absence of the exogenous inducer for soil-grown plants. Direct application of ethanol or exposure of whole plants to ethanol vapour are equally effective means of induction. Maximal expression using soil-grown plants occurred after 5 days of induction. In the majority of transgenics, expression is tightly regulated and reversible. We describe optimal strategies for utilizing the alc system in A. thaliana.
Ablation of Akt2 Induces Autophagy through Cell Cycle Arrest, the Downregulation of p70S6K, and the Deregulation of Mitochondria in MDA-MB231 Cells (2011)

Collectively, our data demonstrates that Akt2 augments cell proliferation by facilitating cell cycle progression through the upregulation of the cell cycle engine, and protects a cell from pathological autophagy by modulating mitochondrial homeostasis. Our data, thus, raises the possibility that Akt2 can be an effective anticancer target for the control of (breast) cancer.
Evaluation of Human Monoclonal Antibody 80R for Immunoprophylaxis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by an Animal Study, Epitope Mapping, and Analysis of Spike Variants (2005)

In this report, the antiviral activity of 80R immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), a human monoclonal antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) protein that acts as a viral entry inhibitor in vitro, was investigated in vivo in a mouse model. When 80R IgG1 was given prophylactically to mice at doses therapeutically achievable in humans, viral replication was reduced by more than 4 orders of magnitude to below assay limits. The essential core region of S protein required for 80R binding was identified as a conformationally sensitive fragment (residues 324 to 503) that overlaps the receptor ACE2-binding domain. Amino acids critical for 80R binding were identified. In addition, the effects of various 80R-binding domain amino acid substitutions which occur in SARS-like-CoV from civet cats, and which evolved during the 2002/2003 outbreak and in a 2003/2004 Guangdong index patient, were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the vast majority of SARS-CoVs are sensitive to 80R. We propose that by establishing the susceptibility and resistance profiles of newly emerging SARS-CoVs through early S1 genotyping of the core 180-amino-acid neutralizing epitope of 80R, an effective immunoprophylaxis strategy with 80R should be possible in an outbreak setting. Our study also cautions that for any prophylaxis strategy based on neutralizing antibody responses, whether by passive or active immunization, a genotyping monitor will be necessary for effective use.
Indonesian Medicinal Plants. IV. On the Constituents of the Bark of Fagara rhetza (Rutaceae). (2). Lignan Glycosides and Two Apioglucosides. (1992)

Two new lignan glycosides, named hazaleanin A (1) and hazaleanin B (2), and two new apioglucosides, named isopropyl apioglucoside (3) and 4-hydroxyguaiacol apioglucoside (4), were isolated from the bark of Fagara rhetza (Rutaceae), an Indonesian medicinal plant from Flores Island, Indonesia. The chemical structures of 1, 2, 3, and 4 have been elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, including a chiral synthesis of an aglycone derivative of 1.
The Geometry of Physics (2003)

This book provides a working knowledge of those parts of exterior differential forms, differential geometry, algebraic and differential topology, Lie groups, vector bundles and Chern forms that are essential for a deeper understanding of both classical and modern physics and engineering. Included are discussions of analytical and fluid dynamics, electromagnetism (in flat and curved space), thermodynamics, the deformation tensors of elasticity, soap films, special and general relativity, the Dirac operator and spinors, and gauge fields, including Yang-Mills, the Aharonov-Bohm effect, Berry phase, and instanton winding numbers, quarks, and quark model for mesons. Before discussing abstract notions of differential geometry, geometric intuition is developed through a rather extensive introduction to the study of surfaces in ordinary space; consequently, the book should be of interest also to mathematics students. Ideal for graduate and advanced undergraduate students of physics, engineering and mathematics as a course text or for self study.
Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome: Health Care Throughout Life (2013)

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease that displays genetic heterogeneity; there are 9 known subtypes. HPS is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, a platelet storage pool deficiency and resultant bleeding diathesis, and lysosomal accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin. Patients with HPS, specifically those with the genotypes HPS-1, HPS-2, or HPS-4, are predisposed to interstitial lung disease. In addition, some patients with HPS develop granulomatous colitis. Optimal health care requires a thorough knowledge of the unique health risks and functional limitations associated with this syndrome.
Endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat thoracic aorta by amrinone-induced nitric oxide release (1996)

To determine whether amrinone and its induced increase of cyclic AMP releases nitric oxide and enhances endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation, we studied nitric oxide production and vascular relaxation of rat thoracic aorta on treatment with amrinone and forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase. When 20 microM amrinone was applied to ring segments of aorta previously contracted with phenylephrine, relaxation was greater in segments with endothelium than in those without (% relaxation 94 +/- 4 vs 37 +/- 7%, P < 0.01). However, a higher concentration of amrinone (> 50 microM) induced the same degree of relaxation in ring segments with or without endothelium, probably due to its direct effect on vascular smooth muscle. The maximal relaxant concentration (100 microM) of amrinone induced an increase (2.5 fold) in cyclic GMP in ring segments. Forskolin also induced concentration-dependent relaxation, but removal of the endothelium attenuated the relaxation induced by forskolin about seven-fold. NG-nitro L-arginine reversed the relaxation induced by amrinone or forskolin in ring segments with, but not without, endothelium. Nitric oxide production in ring segments of aorta, following application of amrinone or forskolin, was detected by nitric oxide-selective electrode and electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping methods. Pre-treatment with NG-nitro L-arginine or removal of the endothelium suppressed nitric oxide production by amrinone or forskolin. These data showed that amrinone enhances the release of nitric oxide from rat aortic endothelial cells, and induces endothelium-derived relaxing factor/nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation.
Purification and Characterization of a new Lectin from the Red Marine Alga Hypnea Musciformis (2002)

A lectin from the red marine alga Hypnea musciformis (HML) was purified by extraction with 20 mM PBS, precipitation with 70% saturated ammonium sulphate, ion-exchange DEAE-Cellulose chromatography and RP-HPLC. The 9.3 kDa polypeptide agglutinates erythrocytes from various sources and shows oligomerization tendencies under certain MALDI-TOF/MS conditions. Preliminary N-terminal sequencing and biological assays strongly suggest that the HML may belong to a new class of algae lectins.