gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a wound assessment system for quantitative chronic wound monitoring (2003)

Wound care technology is rapidly advancing, yet the treatment of wounds remains as much art as science. Much of the data currently collected on healing wounds is qualitative-varying by assessor and not easily tracked over time. The purpose of this research project is to evaluate several methods for quantitative wound assessment-wound volume, wound area, and wound coloration. By comparing various assessment parameters for the same patient population, conclusions can be drawn on which information is most useful to the clinical community and which information can be collected in a reasonable amount of time in the busy environment of the health care clinic.
Requirement of p27 <sup>Kip1</sup> for Restriction Point Control of the Fibroblast Cell Cycle (1996)

Cells deprived of serum mitogens will either undergo immediate cell cycle arrest or complete mitosis and arrest in the next cell cycle. The transition from mitogen dependence to mitogen independence occurs in the mid-to late G1 phase of the cell cycle and is called the restriction point. Murine Balb/c-3T3 fibroblasts deprived of serum mitogens accumulated the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27Kip1. This was correlated with inactivation of essential G1 cyclin-CDK complexes and with cell cycle arrest in G1. The ability of specific mitogens to allow transit through the restriction point paralleled their ability to down-regulate p27, and antisense inhibition of p27 expression prevented cell cycle arrest in response to mitogen depletion. Therefore, p27 is an essential component of the pathway that connects mitogenic signals to the cell cycle at the restriction point.
Impedance camera: a system for determining the spatial variation of electrical conductivity (1978)

A data collection and data interpretation method is presented for predicting, from measurements made on the periphery of the core sample, the electrical conductivity distribution within core samples. This method uses an array of electrodes on the periphery to probe through the core sample. Surprisingly accurate detail can be seen in the estimated conductivity distribution. This method has been demonstrated using synthetic examples modeled and analyzed on a computer. Extensions of the procedure may be useful in subsurface geophysical probing and remote probing methods using physical phenomena satisfying Laplace's equation.
PMPT - Performance Monitoring PEBS Tool (2006)

For many applications a common source of performance degradation is excessive processor stalling from high memory latencies or poor data placement. Performance degradations from program and memory hierarchy interactions are often difficult for programmers and compilers to correct due to a lack of run-time information or limited knowledge about the underlying problem. By leveraging the Pentium 4 processor's performance monitoring hardware, specific run-time information can be provided, allowing code modifications to reduce or even eliminate problematic code, resulting in reduced execution times. Furthermore, many tools currently available to aid programmers are program counter centric. These tools point out which area of the code produce slowdowns, but they do not directly show where the problem data structures are. This is a common problem in programs that dynamically allocate memory. By creating a "malloc-centric" tool, we can develop an interesting perspective of the memory behavior of the system, providing better insight into the sources of performance problems.
DSCUs: A STUDY OF BEHAVIOR BEFORE AND AFTER RESIDENCE (1994)

1. Environmental design, family involvement, consistent routines and activity programs designed to meet the special needs of persons with dementia are hallmarks of most dementia programs. There is a lack of research to support the usefulness of Dementia Specific Care Units (DSCUs) for residents of long-term care facilities that have irreversible dementia. 2. A specialized 24-bed DSCU was designed for those residents with cognitive impairment who would benefit from enhanced programming, and controlled and balanced environmental stimulation. 3. Assessments of residents' behavior and need for physical and chemical restraints were done one month prior to and two months after the opening of a DSCU. Of the 8 behaviors measured, 7 showed improvement and paired t-tests revealed this to be a statistically significant difference. 4. Even though causal claims cannot be made, the results strongly demonstrate an improvement in behaviors associated with dementia from pre- to post-measurement. There is a need for units to become increasingly able to meet the specialized needs of clients.
Liquid Crystal Compounds Incorporating the Trans-1,4-Substituted Cyclohexane Ring System (1979)

Abstract A number of esters and other compounds containing a trans-1,4-substituted cyclohexane ring system-have been prepared, and the liquid crystal thermal stabilities of these new mesogens are discussed in relation to those of their analogues containing the 1,4-phenylene ring. The observed effects are discussed in terms of a possible thermal energy absorption by the cyclohexane ring in causing minor conformational changes. Other physical properties of these new mesogens are also discussed with particular reference to their potential in applications. In relation to electro-optical display devices, such properties as birefringence, dielectric anistropy, viscosity etc., are important parameters, and the new materials have been assessed in this context as possible additives to the 4-n-alkyl- and 4-n-alkyloxy-4′-cyanobiphenyls for producing a favorable combination of physical parameters. Also reported is a liquid crystal mixture which has a 100°C nematic range and which contains only materials which are aliphatic. This mixture is assessed for its potential application as an anistropic solvent in analytical techniques such as ultra-violet spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Enantioselective synthesis on the solid phase (2006)

Organic transformations on substrates which are immobilized on an insoluble, polymeric carrier have found broad application in compound collection synthesis. In contrast to other synthetic methodologies in solid-phase organic synthesis, reactions that afford non-racemic products are strikingly under-represented. Not only does the introduction of stereoinformation on immobilized, achiral starting materials provide enantioenriched products which can be of value for biological testing, but it also opens up new perspectives for accessible structures. This feature article gives an overview of successful enantioselective transformations on a solid support. Critical differences in the corresponding solution-phase protocols are highlighted, and applications to the generation of compound collections are particularly mentioned.
On the Effect of Tetraborate Ions in the Generation of Colored Products in Thermally Processed Glycine−Carbohydrate Solutions (2007)

The effect of tetraborate ions on Maillard browning was investigated in a series of monosaccharide-glycine reactions in aqueous bis-tris buffer at pH 7.2. Addition of borax (sodium tetraborate) in catalytic amounts led to enhanced browning measured by absorbance at 420 nm in the order xylose > arabinose > galactose approximately = fructose > ribose > mannose > rhamnose, and the degree of browning with borax was uniformly greater than that produced by phosphate on an equimolar basis. A mechanism is proposed for borax catalysis in which monosaccharide-borate complexation shifts carbohydrate equilibria to favor open-chain (carbonyl) forms, thereby enhancing the rate of the Maillard reaction.
Glycoprotein gL-Independent Infectivity of Pseudorabies Virus Is Mediated by a gD-gH Fusion Protein (1999)

Envelope glycoproteins gH and gL, which form a complex, are conserved throughout the family Herpesviridae. The gH-gL complex is essential for the fusion between the virion envelope and the cellular cytoplasmic membrane during penetration and is also required for direct viral cell-to-cell spread from infected to adjacent noninfected cells. It has been proposed for several herpesviruses that gL is required for proper folding, intracellular transport, and virion localization of gH. In pseudorabies virus (PrV), glycoprotein gL is necessary for infectivity but is dispensable for virion localization of gH. A virus mutant lacking gL, PrV-DeltagLbeta, is defective in entry into target cells, and direct cell-to-cell spread is drastically reduced, resulting in only single or small foci of infected cells (B. G. Klupp, W. Fuchs, E. Weiland, and T. C. Mettenleiter, J. Virol. 71:7687-7695, 1997). We used this limited cell-to-cell spreading ability of PrV-DeltagLbeta for serial passaging of cells infected with transcomplemented virus by coseeding with noninfected cells. After repeated passaging, plaque formation was restored and infectivity in the supernatant was observed. One single-plaque isolate, designated PrV-DeltagLPass, was further characterized. To identify the mutation leading to this gL-independent infectious phenotype, Southern and Western blot analyses, radioimmunoprecipitations, and DNA sequencing were performed. The results showed that rearrangement of a genomic region comprising part of the gH gene into a duplicated copy of part of the unique short region resulted in a fusion fragment predicted to encode a protein consisting of the N-terminal 271 amino acids of gD fused to the C-terminal 590 residues of gH. Western blotting and radioimmunoprecipitation with gD- and gH-specific antibodies verified the presence of a gDH fusion protein. To prove that this fusion protein mediates infectivity of PrV-DeltagLPass, cotransfection of PrV-DeltagLbeta DNA with the cloned fusion fragment was performed, and a cell line, Nde-67, carrying the fusion gene was established. After cotransfection, infectious gL-negative PrV was recovered, and propagation of PrV-DeltagLbeta on Nde-67 cells produced infectious virions. Thus, a gDH fusion polypeptide can compensate for function of the essential gL in entry and cell-to-cell spread of PrV.
An integrated metagenomics pipeline for strain profiling reveals novel patterns of bacterial transmission and biogeography (2016)

We present the Metagenomic Intra-species Diversity Analysis System (MIDAS), which is an integrated computational pipeline for quantifying bacterial species abundance and strain-level genomic variation, including gene content and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), from shotgun metagenomes. Our method leverages a database of more than 30,000 bacterial reference genomes that we clustered into species groups. These cover the majority of abundant species in the human microbiome but only a small proportion of microbes in other environments, including soil and seawater. We applied MIDAS to stool metagenomes from 98 Swedish mothers and their infants over one year and used rare SNPs to track strains between hosts. Using this approach, we found that although species compositions of mothers and infants converged over time, strain-level similarity diverged. Specifically, early colonizing bacteria were often transmitted from an infant's mother, while late colonizing bacteria were often transmitted from other sources in the environment and were enriched for spore-formation genes. We also applied MIDAS to 198 globally distributed marine metagenomes and used gene content to show that many prevalent bacterial species have population structure that correlates with geographic location. Strain-level genetic variants present in metagenomes clearly reveal extensive structure and dynamics that are obscured when data are analyzed at a coarser taxonomic resolution.
Production and analysis of special high-purity acids purified by subboiling distillation (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProduction and analysis of special high-purity acids purified by subboiling distillationEdwin C. Kuehner, Robert. Alvarez, Paul J. Paulsen, and Thomas J. MurphyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 12, 2050–2056Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60320a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60320a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views790Altmetric-Citations165LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Perilipin: unique proteins associated with intracellular neutral lipid droplets in adipocytes and steroidogenic cells (1995)

For several reasons it seems reasonable to suspect that perilipins participate in lipid hydrolysis. First, they are located at the lipid droplet surface, the presumed site of HSL and cholesteryl esterase action. Secondly, they are polyphosphorylated by PKA in concert with lipid hydrolysis. Finally, these proteins appear to be expressed primarily, if not solely, in adipocytes and steroidogenic cells, cells in which lipid hydrolysis is stimulated by cyclic AMP and mediated by HSL or cholesteryl esterase(s), whereas other cells that contain abundant neutral lipid depositions contain no perilipin [13]. Interestingly, these closely related hydrolases share no homology with other mammalian lipases [3]. Although such attributes provide a link between perilipin and lipid hydrolysis, we have no evidence that perilipins participate directly in, or are necessary for, lipid catabolism. The basis for the strong affinity between the perilipins and neutral lipids is unknown. Clearly, lipids and perilipins are tightly linked, as evidenced by selective targeting of epitope-tagged perilipin to lipid droplets and by the paradoxical appearance of lipid droplets in pre-adipocytes transfected with a sense perilipin A construct. Indeed, in differentiating adipocytes the earliest lipid depositions are associated with perilipins, and restriction of perilipin synthesis with anti-sense constructs may impede lipid formation and deposition. It remains to be determined if, in the normal course of events, perilipins are directed toward lipid depositions or if lipids are transported to perilipin foci. Whatever the temporal sequence, the result is that neutral lipids are encased in perilipin-bounded droplets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Recombinant expression, purification and characterization of Kch, a putative <i>Escherichia coli</i> potassium channel protein (1998)

The Escherichia coli gene kch, similar in primary structure to eukaryotic voltage-gated potassium channels, was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli. The protein was solubilized from the plasma membrane with dodecylmaltopyranoside, lauryldimethylamine oxide or N-laurylsarcosine and was purified in milligram amounts by imidazole elution from a nickel-chelate column. The molecular mass of the purified protein in a number of detergents with 12 carbon atom chains suggests that rKch forms primarily tetramers of the 50 kDa monomers. CD spectroscopy of the purified protein indicates a significant alpha-helical content that is preserved upon addition of SDS.
Interface roughness and period variations in MQW structures determined by X-ray diffraction (1988)

A method for estimating the interface widths in multiple quantum well (MQW) structures is described. Generally it has been assumed that the average interface shapes on each side of a quantum well are the same, yet there is no reason to assume that this is correct. The method presented here can predict the interface profile on both sides of a quantum well and therefore detect the presence of any asymmetry. The results are compared with the more familiar predictive Fourier transform approach and qualitative agreement is observed, although the latter cannot predict any asymmetry. Deducing the interface width from the predictive Fourier transform method can be difficult because of series termination effects and could possibly be misleading if insufficient satellites are measured. The limitations are essentially by-passed with the described approach. A simple method for deriving period variations is also given and in the example presented this amounts to about two monolayers. The interface widths in this example are 6.5 and 5.4 monolayers and these best-fit values give an R-factor just above that which could be expected from the data. Also the fit for two similarly graded interfaces results in a significant worsening in the agreement.
A low-power video decoder with power, memory, bandwidth and quality scalability (2002)

This paper describes a low-power scalable video decoder for use in portable video applications. The scalable video decoder uses tree structured vector quantization (TSVQ) of perceptually weighted block transforms. The subjective quality of compressed images improves significantly by the use of perceptual distortion measures. The low-complexity, low-power architecture requires only table-lookups to perform video decompression. Inverse transforms are performed as pre-processing steps in the tables. Color conversion from YUV to RGB and color quantization are also performed as pre-processing steps in the tables. The video decoder provides a trade-off between rate-distortion, power and memory size. This allows to trade-off power and memory size for better quality of compressed video and vice-versa. The power consumption of our video decoder is orders of magnitude smaller than other decoders in existing technology. Measured performance shows that the scalable video decoder consumes between 50 to 150 micro-watt with a 1.5 V power supply in 0.8 /spl mu/ CMOS technology for 160/spl times/240 resolution video at 30 frames per second.
Electronic states of graphene nanoribbons and analytical solutions (2010)

Graphene is a one-atom-thick layer of graphite, where low-energy electronic states are described by the massless Dirac fermion. The orientation of the graphene edge determines the energy spectrum of π-electrons. For example, zigzag edges possess localized edge states with energies close to the Fermi level. In this review, we investigate nanoscale effects on the physical properties of graphene nanoribbons and clarify the role of edge boundaries. We also provide analytical solutions for electronic dispersion and the corresponding wavefunction in graphene nanoribbons with their detailed derivation using wave mechanics based on the tight-binding model. The energy band structures of armchair nanoribbons can be obtained by making the transverse wavenumber discrete, in accordance with the edge boundary condition, as in the case of carbon nanotubes. However, zigzag nanoribbons are not analogous to carbon nanotubes, because in zigzag nanoribbons the transverse wavenumber depends not only on the ribbon width but also on the longitudinal wavenumber. The quantization rule of electronic conductance as well as the magnetic instability of edge states due to the electron-electron interaction are briefly discussed.
Inhibition of cathepsin B by peptidyl aldehydes and ketones: slow-binding behavior of a trifluoromethyl ketone (1988)

Inhibition of the cysteine proteinase cathepsin B by a series of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-alanine ketones and the analogous aldehyde has been investigated. Surprisingly, whereas the aldehyde was found to be almost as potent a competitive reversible inhibitor as the natural peptidyl aldehyde, leupeptin, the corresponding trifluoromethyl ketone showed comparatively weak (and slow-binding) reversible inhibition. Evaluation of competitive hydration and hemithioketal formation in a model system led to a structure-activity correlation spanning several orders of magnitude in both cathepsin B inhibition constants (Ki) and model system equilibrium data (KRSH,apparent).
Fabrication of Porous Si@C Composites with Core-Shell Structure and Their Electrochemical Performance for Li-ion Batteries (2019)

The pores in silicon particles can accommodate the volume expansion of silicon during the charging–discharging process. However, pores in silicon particles are easily occupied by carbon during the preparation of silicon/carbon composites. In this paper, sulfur was adsorbed in the pores of porous silicon particles before polyaniline (PANI) coating by in-situ polymerization, so that the pores were preserved in porous silicon@carbon (p-Si/@C) composites after the sublimation of sulfur during carbonization. The microstructure and the electrochemical performances of the obtained p-Si/@C composites were investigated. The results indicate that p-Si/@C composites prepared with a sulfur-melting process show a better high-rate performance than those without a sulfur-melting process. Remarkably, the former show a better capacity retention when returning to a low current density. The reversible capacities of the former were 1178 mAh·g−1, 1055 mAh·g−1, 944 mAh·g−1, and 751 mAh·g−1 at 0.2 A·g−1, 0.3 A·g−1, 0.5 A·g−1, and 1.0 A·g−1, respectively. Moreover, the reversible capacities could return to 870 mAh·g−1, 996 mAh·g−1, and 1027 mAh·g−1 when current densities returned to 0.5, 0.3, and 0.2 A·g−1, respectively.
Mutual optimization of resolution enhancement techniques (2002)

As subhalf wavelength optical lithography is pursued, the variety of imaging requirements increases. This can result in complex combinations of various resolution enhancement techniques. Optimization based on simple standards or rules is not possible. Problems often arise as analysis is carried out in a spatial domain, where mask and image properties are evaluated using sizing or dimensional evaluations. A more appropriate perspective for image optimization is that of the lens pupil, in a spatial frequency domain. In this paper, we describe the common characteristics of resolution enhancement, beyond the historical comparisons of alternating phase shifting masking (PSM) and strong OAI. Enhancement techniques including assist feature optical proximity correction (OPC), custom illumination, attenuated PSM, and pupil filtering are described from a spatial frequency standpoint where each can be utilized to take advantage of strengths and avoid weaknesses. As a result of this type of analysis, we will also describe an alternative OPC method in which assist features of varying tone, referred to as gray bars, provide significant image improvement.