gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internal stresses in amorphous silicon films depositied by cylindrical magnetron sputtering using Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Ar+H2 (1981)

Previous investigations of the thin metal films deposited using cylindrical-post magnetron sputtering sources have identified working gas transition pressures below which the internal stresses are compressive and above which they are tensile. The transition pressures increase with the atomic mass of the target material (Mt) relative to that of the working gas (Mg). This paper reports the occurrence of stress transitions in amorphous silicon films formed by dc cylindrical magnetron sputtering from a P-doped Si target using Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Ar+H2 as working gases. The compressive stresses were comparable to those seen in metal films (∠1 GN/m2). However, the transition pressures and entrapped gas contents were greater than for metal films with comparable Mt/Mg. Experiments with special shields were conducted to investigate the mechanism of gas entrapment. The occurrence of large compressive stresses and entrapped gas concentrations for films such as these, where Mt/Mg&lt;1, suggests that mechanisms different from simple target ion reflection, proposed in the earlier metallic film studies, are operative.
Distribution of Impurities in Zn,O-Doped GaP Liquid Phase Epitaxy Layers (1970)

A series of variously doped liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) layers were analyzed to establish the distribution of Zn,O and residual impurities contributing to the net impurity gradient previously observed in the p‐layer of high efficiency LPE diodes. From these experiments we conclude that the net impurity gradient is primarily a consequence of a decreasing Zn concentration along the growth direction, and, to a lesser degree, an increasing residual donor concentration. The distribution of intentional and unintentional impurities was found to be independent of substrate doping level.
Evidence That CD147 Modulation of β-Amyloid (Aβ) Levels Is Mediated by Extracellular Degradation of Secreted Aβ (2008)

Cerebral deposition of beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease. Intramembranous proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein by a multiprotein gamma-secretase complex generates Abeta. Previously, it was reported that CD147, a glycoprotein that stimulates production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), is a subunit of gamma-secretase and that the levels of secreted Abeta inversely correlate with CD147 expression. Here, we show that the levels and localization of CD147 in fibroblasts, as well as postnatal expression and distribution in brain, are distinct from those of integral gamma-secretase subunits. Notably, we show that although depletion of CD147 increased extracellular Abeta levels in intact cells, membranes isolated from CD147-depleted cells failed to elevate Abeta production in an in vitro gamma-secretase assay. Consistent with an extracellular source that modulates Abeta metabolism, synthetic Abeta was degraded more rapidly in the conditioned medium of cells overexpressing CD147. Moreover, modulation of CD147 expression had no effect on epsilon-site cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and Notch1 receptor. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CD147 modulates Abeta levels not by regulating gamma-secretase activity, but by stimulating extracellular degradation of Abeta. In view of the known function of CD147 in MMP production, we postulate that CD147 expression influences Abeta levels by an indirect mechanism involving MMPs that can degrade extracellular Abeta.
Novel closely spaced planar dual‐band frequency‐selective surface (2013)

A novel, dual‐band frequency‐selective surface (FSS) is presented. The designed and fabricated FSS structure has closely spaced operation bands and high selective frequency response at each operation band. Two‐dimensional compact U‐shaped slot resonators are used in each FSS unit cell to obtain this ability. Also, each slot resonator is composed of straight slot section at the centre connected to two U‐shaped arms at each end. The dimensions of the slot resonators are optimised using via full‐wave electromagnetic simulations using CST Microwave Solver. The proposed FSS structure is independent of incident polarisation and angle because of 90° rotation of the unit cell. The validity of the proposed FSS is confirmed by both simulation and measurement results. In the experimental verification, a waveguide measurement setup is chosen. Both measurement and simulation results show that the FSS structure operates at the designed frequencies of 8.80 and 9.54 GHz, which are very close to each other.
Parallel pseudorandom sequences for built-in test (1984)

Parallel pseudorandom sequences for use in built-in test are discussed. Some of the desired properties of such sequences are unique to the two-dimensional nature of these sequences. A conventional LFSR with parallel output is shown to be a poor choice for such a generator. A compact generator that provides sequences with the desired properties is described.
Redox Regulation of Angiogenesis: NADPH Oxidase as a Drug Target (2011)

More than a decade ago people observed that angiogenic responses could be inhibited by antioxidants or enhanced by exogenous reactive oxygen molecules such as hydrogen peroxide. Accumulating experimental evidence suggests that redox modulation of the function of thiol-containing proteins, such as the protein tyrosine phosphatases, by reactive oxygen species has a pivotal role in modulating intracellular signalings. NADPH oxidase is the sole enzymatic system identified so far that has a dedicated function of generating reactive oxygen molecules. It is not surprising that this enzyme has been implicated in modulating angiogenic responses as shown in both in vitro and in vivo studies. NADPH oxidase may exert proangiogenic effects by inducing growth factor release from parenchymal cells and promoting angiogenic activities of vascular endothelial and mural cells. Here we review the redox signaling mechanisms that are involved in modulating angiogenesis, and different NADPH oxidase isoforms that may have a role in such a process. Unlike growth factor receptor-mediated angiogenic signalings, a feature of NADPH oxidase-mediated redox signaling is that, by inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatases, NADPH oxidase may represent an intracellular signal amplifier for multiple receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated pathways involved in angiogenesis. Pharmacological inhibitors of NADPH oxidase have been used to suppress angiogenesis in different models. Encouragingly, drug targeting of NADPH oxidase has been shown to be effective in reducing pathological angiogenesis such as retinopathy. In summary, NADPH oxidase may be a new drug target for antiangiogenic therapies, yet we are still facing great challenges in achieving specific inhibition of different NADPH oxidase isoforms by drugs.
Effects of recombinant human G-CSF and GM-CSF on primary human leukemic cells. (1989)

The effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) on primary human leukemic cells were studied. Phagocyte-depleted mononuclear cells containing more than 88% blasts were obtained from peripheral blood of 11 AML and 2 ALL patients and from bone marrow aspirates from 2 ALL patients. The leukemic cells were incubated with these CSF in suspension cultures or in methylcellulose cultures. In suspension cultures, the spontaneous proliferation was observed in 1 M4 patient. RhG-CSF stimulated the leukemic cell proliferation in 5 AML, cases and rhGM-CSF that in 4 AML cases. In methylcellulose cultures, spontaneous colony formation occurred in 3 M4 patients. RhG-CSF and rhGM-CSF stimulated the leukemic colony formation in 8 AML cases. The CSFs had an additive effect in both cultures. Neither CSF induced O2- production or phagocytic activity. From these results, we concluded that both CSFs stimulated the proliferation of leukemic cells without inducing differentiation.
Improved Outcomes in Islet Isolation and Transplantation by the Use of a Novel Hemoglobin-based O2 Carrier (2006)

During isolation, islets are exposed to warm ischemia. In this study, intraductal administration of oxygenated polymerized, stroma-free hemoglobin-pyridoxalated (Poly SFH-P) was performed to improve O2 delivery. Rat pancreata subjected to 30-min warm ischemia were perfused intraductally with collagenase in oxygenated Poly SFH-P/RPMI or RPMI (control). PO2 was increased by Poly SFH-P (381.7 +/- 35.3 mmHg vs. 202.3 +/- 28.2, p = 0.01) and pH maintained within physiological range (7.4-7.2 vs. 7.1-6.6, p = 0.009). Islet viability (77% +/- 4.6 vs. 63% +/- 4.7, p = 0.04) was improved and apoptosis lower with Poly SFH-P (caspase-3: 34,714 +/- 2167 vs. 45,985 +/- 1382, respectively, p = 0.01). Poly SFH-P improved islet responsiveness to glucose as determined by increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and improved insulin secretion (SI 5.4 +/- 0.1 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.2, p = 0.03). Mitochondrial integrity was improved in Poly SFH-P-treated islets, which showed higher percentage change in membrane potential after glucose stimulation (14.7% +/- 1.8 vs. 9.8 +/- 1.4, respectively, p < 0.05). O2 delivery by Poly SFH-P did not increase oxidative stress (GSH 7.1 +/- 2.9 nm/mg protein for Poly SFH-P vs. 6.8 +/- 2.4 control, p = 0.9) or oxidative injury (MDA 1.8 +/- 0.9 nmol/mg protein vs. 6.2 +/- 2.4, p = 0.19). Time to reach normoglycemia in transplanted diabetic nude mice was shorter (1.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 7 +/- 2.5 days, p = 0.02), and glucose tolerance improved in the Poly SFH-P group (AUC 8106 +/- 590 vs. 10,863 +/- 946, p = 0.03). Oxygenated Poly SFH-P improves islet isolation and transplantation outcomes by preserving mitochondrial integrity.
A distributional approach to Namias' fractional Fourier transforms (1988)

Synopsis A fractionalisation of the Fourier transform was developed formally by Namias. By workingin ℐ, we found that this theory could be made mathematically rigorous. Here we extend our previous results to the space ℐ′ to consider fractional powers of the distributional Fourier transform. The paper concludes with an application to an ordinary differential equation which shows how a distributional approach can sometimes be more useful than a classical approach.
Topical Application of Fucoidan Improves Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms in NC/Nga Mice (2012)

Fucoidan is a sulphated polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed and possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties including antiallergic and immunologic activities. The present study attempted to examine the effectiveness of fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the NC/Nga mice model. Three per cent fucoidan or 0.1% dexamethasone was topically applied to the dorsal skin of AD-induced mice for 4 weeks. The dermatitis severity scores and scratch counts of fucoidan or dexamethasone-treated animals were significantly lower than the control group. Histological analysis showed that the number of mast cells infiltrating into skin lesions and the epidermis thickness were significantly decreased after the treatments. Levels of serum histamine and IgE were also decreased. There was no significant difference on improvement of AD-like symptoms between fucoidan and dexamethasone. To elucidate possible mechanism of action, effects of fucoidan on regulation of AD-associated chemokines, such as thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) chemokine, were investigated in human epidermal keratinocytes. Fucoidan significantly inhibited mRNA expression of these chemokines in a dose-dependent manner. This is the first animal study to demonstrate that fucoidan has significant effects on improving AD-like conditions as effective as dexamethasone, a well-recognized corticosteroid remedy for the disease.
Optical packet switching in core networks: between vision and reality (2002)

The research on optical packet switching (OPS) has witnessed considerable progress in the 1990s. We examine the future potential of OPS in the core network by discussing this switching approach and the current status of a number of its enabling technologies. Many of these technologies are still in the stage of research and experimentation. We see that optical packet switching may be deployed in the long-term future subject to satisfaction of three main conditions/developments. First, additional technological developments have to take place to overcome remaining implementation challenges while making OPS cost-effective to deploy. Second, a rational migration scenario of the network toward gradual deployment of packet-based optical switching approaches should exist. Finally, carriers have to become more interested in packet-based optical switching solutions.
A review of large-vocabulary continuous-speech (1996)

Considerable progress has been made in speech-recognition technology over the last few years and nowhere has this progress been more evident than in the area of large-vocabulary recognition (LVR). Current laboratory systems are capable of transcribing continuous speech from any speaker with average word-error rates between 5% and 10%. If speaker adaptation is allowed, then after 2 or 3 minutes of speech, the error rate will drop well below 5% for most speakers. LVR systems had been limited to dictation applications since the systems were speaker dependent and required words to be spoken with a short pause between them. However, the capability to recognize natural continuous-speech input from any speaker opens up many more applications. As a result, LVR technology appears to be on the brink of widespread deployment across a range of information technology (IT) systems. This article discusses the principles and architecture of current LVR systems and identifies the key issues affecting their future deployment. To illustrate the various points raised, the Cambridge University HTK system is described. This system is a modem design that gives state-of-the-art performance, and it is typical of the current generation of recognition systems.
Transfection types, methods and strategies: a technical review (2021)

Transfection is a modern and powerful method used to insert foreign nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. The ability to modify host cells' genetic content enables the broad application of this process in studying normal cellular processes, disease molecular mechanism and gene therapeutic effect. In this review, we summarized and compared the findings from various reported literature on the characteristics, strengths, and limitations of various transfection methods, type of transfected nucleic acids, transfection controls and approaches to assess transfection efficiency. With the vast choices of approaches available, we hope that this review will help researchers, especially those new to the field, in their decision making over the transfection protocol or strategy appropriate for their experimental aims.
Polyvinylidene fluoride‐<i>co</i>‐chlorotrifluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride‐<i>co</i>‐hexafluoropropylene nanofiber‐coated polypropylene microporous battery separator membranes (2012)

Abstract Nanofiber‐coated polypropylene (PP) separator membranes were prepared by coating a Celgard® microporous PP membrane with electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride‐ co ‐chlorotrifluoroethylene (PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE) and PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE/polyvinylidene fluoride‐ co ‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐ co ‐HFP) nanofibers. Three PVDF polymer solutions of varying compositions were used in the preparation of the nanofiber coatings. Two of the polymer solutions were PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE blends made using different types of PVDF‐ co ‐HFP copolymers. The PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE and PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE/PVDF‐ co ‐HFP blend nanofiber coatings have been found to have comparable adhesion to the PP microporous membrane substrate. The electrolyte uptakes and separator–electrode adhesion properties of nanofiber‐coated membranes were evaluated. Both the electrolyte uptake and the separator–electrode adhesion were improved by the nanofiber coatings. The improvement in electrolyte update capacity is not only related to the gelation capability of the PVDF copolymer nanofibers, but also attributed to the increased porosity and capillary effect on nanofibrous structure of the electrospun nanofiber coatings. Enhancement of the separator–electrode adhesion was owing to the adhesion properties of the copolymer nanofiber coatings. Compared with the PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE/PVDF‐ co ‐HFP blend nanofiber coatings studied, the PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE coating was more effective in improving the electrolyte uptake and separator–electrode adhesion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Three New Metabolites from the Marine Yeast <i>Aureobasidium </i><i>p</i><i>ullulans</i> (1998)

Two new diketopiperazines (1 and 2) with a d-cis-4-hydroxyproline residue, and orcinotriol (3), a new 1,3-dihydroxyphenol derivative, were isolated from cultured broth of the yeast Aureobasidium pullulans, which was isolated from an Okinawan marine sponge. The structures of the compounds, including their absolute stereochemistries, were determined by spectroscopic data and chemical means.
Exploring the marketing potential of location-based mobile games (2017)

Purpose Location-based mobile games, like Pokémon GO, have been tremendously prevalent in recent years. Marketing professionals have considered this type of game as a promising marketing platform. The purpose of this study is to explore the marketing potential of location-based mobile games by examining players’ responses to sponsors featured in Pokémon GO. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted among gamers of Pokémon GO to examine the psychological process of the gameplay, and how it influences some marketing outcomes. A conceptual model was built based on the survey results. Findings Results indicated that gamers of Pokémon GO experienced spatial presence, which positively influenced their attitudes toward and intentions to visit the sponsors. Moreover, spatial presence was positively influenced by players’ game engagement, perceived mobility and contextual perceived value. Some motives of playing Pokémon GO were also identified, including the entertainment motive and social motive. Originality/value This study is the first one to analyze the marketing potential of Pokémon GO, which is a successful location-based mobile game. The results are meaningful to marketing professionals who are interested in this innovative media platform. This study is also the first one to apply the theory of spatial presence to the investigations of this type of game. It showcases the power of this theory in guiding the research of interactive marketing with mobile gaming.
Theoretical calculations of base-base interactions in nucleic acids: II Stacking interactions in polynucleotides (1978)

Base-base interactions were computed for single- and double stranded poly,ucleotides, for all possible base sequences. In each case, both right and left stacking arrangements are energetically possible. The preference of one over the other depends upon the base-sequence and the orientation of the bases with respect to helix-axis. Inverted stacking arrangement is also energetically possible for both single- and double-stranded polynucleotides. Finally, interacting energies of a regular duplex and the alternative structures were compared. It was found that the type II model is energetically more favourable than the rest.
Hepatocytic differentiation of cultured rat pancreatic ductal epithelial cells after in vivo implantation. (1995)

We have investigated the differentiation potential of propagable cultured rat pancreatic duct epithelial cells after in vivo implantation in isogeneic Fischer-344 rats. Cells genetically labeled with Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacZ) reporter gene were embedded in a mixture of collagen and Matrigel (basement membrane matrix) and implanted either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. Tissues from the two locations were harvested 4 to 8 weeks later. The great majority of the lacZ-labeled epithelial cells colonizing both sites phenotypically resembled hepatocytes, although they demonstrated different degrees of hepatocytic differentiation. Less than 5% of lacZ-labeled cells formed ductular structures. The hepatocyte-like cells from the subcutaneous implantation site expressed mixed phenotypes of both hepatocyte and ductal cell, including the expression of alpha-fetoprotein, tyrosine amino-transferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, carbonic anhydrase II, and cytokeratin 19. In contrast, the hepatocyte-like cells colonizing the mesentery showed the phenotype of mature hepatocytes, including an abundant glycogen storage and a lack of alpha-fetoprotein and carbonic anhydrase II expressions. Neither acinar cell nor endocrine differentiation was seen. These findings demonstrate that pancreatic ductal cells can be the progenitor cell for transdifferentiated hepatocytes.
Caution about Newcastle Disease Virus-Based Live Attenuated Vaccine (2008)

Caution about Newcastle Disease Virus-Based Live Attenuated VaccineIn several recent papers, two published last year in the Journal of Virology by DiNapoli et al. (3) and Ge et al. ( 4), an earlier study by Martinez-Sobrido et al. in 2006 (6), and a review by Bukreyev et al. in 2006 (1), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is proposed as a potential vector in the development of a novel bi-or multivalent vaccine.We question whether those studies satisfactorily address the possibility of genetic exchange involving nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses such as NDV.In fact, powerful evidence of recombination in NDV was first found as early as 2003 (2).Two recent studies (5, 8) further demonstrated recombination events in NDV.In particular, a natural multirecombinant was identified, which shows that the recombination rate might not be low, at least in NDV (5).It has also been found that NDV live attenuated vaccines have the capacity to play roles in shaping NDV evolution by homologous recombination with wild-type virus (5).In addition, there is more and more evidence of homologous recombination involving other nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses like Zaire Ebola virus (10), measles virus (9), mumps virus (2), canine distemper virus (7), etc.Unfortunately, neither recombination between a vaccine virus and other circulating nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses resulting in untoward recombinants nor potential instability of the inserted foreign gene was fully addressed and evaluated in these studies.We should never entirely dismiss the possibility of untoward recombination events.Safety issues with respect to the use of NDV-based live attenuated vaccine need to be recognized and addressed.Therefore, coinfection laboratory studies, including in vivo experiments, with vaccine candidate and wild-type viruses should be carried out to better evaluate the risks associated with genetic exchange.
Characterization of epoxy foams (2003)

Abstract Epoxy foams were prepared from the commercial system (LY 5054 epoxy resin, HY 5054 amine as curing agent, and DY 5054 siloxane as foaming agent) supplied by Ciba‐Geigy. From the differential scanning calorimeter results the optimal epoxy–amine ratio was determined. A maximum T g ∞ value of 85°C was found for an epoxy–amine ratio of 100:35 by weight. In this system, the siloxane reacts with the amine releasing hydrogen that acts as the real foaming agent. The density decreased from 490 to 215 kg/m 3 as the epoxy:blowing agent ratio increased from 100:1 to 100:3 by weight of the reactive mixture. Under the synthesizing conditions, the glass transition temperature ( T g ∞ ) of the foam did not vary significantly as the blowing agent increased. The modulus and compressive strength of the foam exhibited a power‐law dependence with respect to density of the form: E ∝(ρ) n , where n =1.8. Scanning electron microscopy analysis verified that the foam have a closed cell structure. The relation between composition, final morphology, density, and properties of the foam was analyzed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2992–2996, 2003