gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal processing techniques for landmine detection using impulse ground penetrating radar (2002)

Landmines are affecting the lives and livelihoods of millions of people around the world. A number of detection techniques, developed for use with impulse ground penetrating radar, are described, with emphasis on a Kalman filter based approach. Comparison of results from real data show that the Kalman filter algorithm provides the best detection performance, although its computational burden is also the highest.
Interactions in Neopentyl Polyol Ester—Tricresyl Phosphate—Iron Systems at 500 F (1969)

Neopentyl polyol esters, typical of turbine engine lubricant base stocks, are thermally stable at 500 F, unless, as reported by others, ferrous metals are present; in the latter case oil degradation and metal corrosion are severe. Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) stabilizes the metal-ester system by generating a passive oxide film on the active metal surface. In the presence of water, TCP accelerates ester hydrolysis, resulting in acids corrosive to lead. Aliphatic amines which react with TCP acidic impurities or breakdown products reduce the catalyzed hydrolysis of the esters. TCP reacts with free carboxylic acids to generate corrosive phosphoric-type acids. Reaction mechanisms are postulated.
Gelation of Polyacrylic Acid Aqueous Solutions and the Measurement of Viscosity (1975)

A simple method is described for following changes in viscosity of concentrated aqueous solutions of polycarboxylic acids used in certain dental cements. The difference in behavior over several months between solutions of polyacrylic acid and related polyelectrolytes is discussed.
Transcription Factor CCG-8 as a New Regulator in the Adaptation to Antifungal Azole Stress (2013)

Antifungal azoles are widely used for controlling fungal infections. Fungi are able to change the expression of many genes when they adapt to azole stress, and increased expression of some of these genes can elevate resistance to azoles. However, the regulatory mechanisms behind transcriptional adaption to azoles in filamentous fungi are poorly understood. In this study, we found that deletion of the transcription factor gene ccg-8, which is known to be a clock-controlled gene, made Neurospora crassa hypersensitive to azoles. A comparative genome-wide analysis of the responses to ketoconazole of the wild type and the ccg-8 mutant revealed that the transcriptional responses to ketoconazole of 78 of the 488 transcriptionally ketoconazole-upregulated genes and the 427 transcriptionally ketoconazole-downregulated genes in the wild type were regulated by CCG-8. Ketoconazole sensitivity testing of all available knockout mutants for CCG-8-regulated genes revealed that CCG-8 contributed to azole adaption by regulating the ketoconazole responses of many genes, including the target gene (erg11), an azole transporter gene (cdr4), a hexose transporter gene (hxt13), a stress response gene (locus number NCU06317, named kts-1), two transcription factor genes (NCU01386 [named kts-2] and fsd-1/ndt80), four enzyme-encoding genes, and six unknown-function genes. CCG-8 also regulated phospholipid synthesis in N. crassa in a manner similar to that of its homolog in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Opi1p. However, there was no cross talk between phospholipid synthesis and azole resistance in N. crassa. CCG-8 homologs are conserved and are common in filamentous fungi. Deletion of the CCG-8 homolog-encoding gene in Fusarium verticillioides (Fvccg-8) also made this fungus hypersensitive to antifungal azoles.
5-Propyl-2'-deoxyuridine: a specific anti-herpes agent (1978)

In both primary rabbit kidney cells and human skin fibroblasts, 5-propyl-2'-deoxyuridine proved inhibitory to herpes simplex virus at a concentration as low as 1 micrograms/ml, whereas concentrations higher than 200 micrograms/ml were required to inhibit vaccinia virus replication or normal cell metabolism.
Analysis of Thompson Sampling for the multi-armed bandit problem (2011)

The multi-armed bandit problem is a popular model for studying exploration/exploitation trade-off in sequential decision problems. Many algorithms are now available for this well-studied problem. One of the earliest algorithms, given by W. R. Thompson, dates back to 1933. This algorithm, referred to as Thompson Sampling, is a natural Bayesian algorithm. The basic idea is to choose an arm to play according to its probability of being the best arm. Thompson Sampling algorithm has experimentally been shown to be close to optimal. In addition, it is efficient to implement and exhibits several desirable properties such as small regret for delayed feedback. However, theoretical understanding of this algorithm was quite limited. In this paper, for the first time, we show that Thompson Sampling algorithm achieves logarithmic expected regret for the multi-armed bandit problem. More precisely, for the two-armed bandit problem, the expected regret in time $T$ is $O(\frac{\ln T}Δ + \frac{1}{Δ^3})$. And, for the $N$-armed bandit problem, the expected regret in time $T$ is $O([(\sum_{i=2}^N \frac{1}{Δ_i^2})^2] \ln T)$. Our bounds are optimal but for the dependence on $Δ_i$ and the constant factors in big-Oh.
Systemic administration of 1R,4S-4-amino-cyclopent-2-ene-carboxylic acid, a reversible inhibitor of GABA transaminase, blocks expression of conditioned place preference to cocaine and nicotine in rats (2002)

We examined the effect of 1R,4S-4-amino-cyclopent-2-ene-carboxylic acid (ACC), a reversible inhibitor of GABA transaminase, on the expression of conditioned place preference response to cocaine and nicotine in rats. Cocaine (20 mg/kg i.p.) and nicotine (0.4 mg/kg s.c.), but not vehicle or 300 mg/kg i.p. of ACC, produced a significant conditioned place preference response. Pretreatment of animals with 300 and 75 mg/kg i.p. of ACC significantly attenuated the expression of the cocaine- and nicotine-induced conditioned place preference responses, respectively. These results are the first to suggest that reversible inhibition of GABA transaminase may be useful in blocking cue-induced relapse to nicotine and cocaine. Synapse 44:61–63, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Trimethylsilylmethyl-1,4-benzoquinones. Generation and trapping of o-quinone methides (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrimethylsilylmethyl-1,4-benzoquinones. Generation and trapping of o-quinone methidesKostas Karabelas and Harold W. MooreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 13, 5372–5373Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00169a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00169a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views300Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
AKT Facilitates EGFR Trafficking and Degradation by Phosphorylating and Activating PIKfyve (2013)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that controls cell proliferation, growth, survival, metabolism, and migration by activating the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)-AKT and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase)-RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) pathways. EGFR signaling to these pathways is temporally and spatially regulated. Endocytic trafficking controls the access of EGFR to these downstream effectors and also its degradation, which terminates EGFR signaling. We showed that AKT facilitated the endocytic trafficking of EGFR to promote its degradation. Interfering with AKT signaling reduced both EGFR recycling and the rate of EGFR degradation. In AKT-impaired cells, EGFRs were unable to reach the cell surface or the lysosomal compartment and accumulated in the early endosomes, resulting in prolonged signaling and increased activation of ERK and RSK. Upon EGF stimulation, AKT phosphorylated and activated the kinase PIKfyve [FYVE-containing phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase], which promoted vesicle trafficking to lysosomes. PIKfyve activation promoted EGFR degradation. Similar regulation occurred with platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), suggesting that AKT phosphorylation and activation of PIKfyve is likely to be a common feedback mechanism for terminating RTK signaling and reducing receptor abundance.
Capture, integration, and analysis of digital system requirements with conceptual graphs (1997)

Initial requirements for new digital systems and products that are generally expressed in a variety of notations including diagrams and natural language can be automatically translated to a common knowledge representation for integration, for consistency and completeness analysis, and for further automatic synthesis. Block diagrams, flowcharts, timing diagrams, and English as used in specifying digital systems requirements are considered as examples of source notations for system requirements. The knowledge representation selected for this work is a form of semantic network called conceptual graphs. For each source notation, a basis set or semantic primitives in terms of conceptual graphs is given, together with an algorithm for automatically generating conceptual structures from the notation. The automatic generation of conceptual structures from English presumes a restricted sublanguage of English and feedback to the author for verification of the interpretation. Mechanisms for integrating the separate conceptual structures generated from individual requirements expressions using schemata are discussed, and methods are illustrated for consistency and completeness analysis.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ON THE AMYLOPECTIN OF WAXY-BARLEY LARGE STARCH GRANULES (1992)

The hydrolysis of waxy-barley starch by the α-amylase of B. subtilis was followed by gel chromatography on Sepharose CL 6B. A range of intermediate dextrins were initially produced, and at later stages dextrins with a degree of polymerization in the range 100–200 accumulated. Maltohexaose was produced simultaneously from the external chains. The hydrolysis of the amylopectin β-limit dextrin followed a similar pattern, though smaller amounts of the low-molecular weight material were formed. The sizes of the more resistant products in the hydrolysis mixtures suggested that the amylopectin contained two types of unit clusters with d.p. for the β-limit dextrins of 65 and 85. A regular model for the structure of the amylopectin that shows the possible mode of interconnection of the unit clusters is presented.
A Probabilistic Approach to Image Orientation Detection via Confidence-Based Integration of Low-Level and Semantic Cues (2005)

Automatic image orientation detection for natural images is a useful, yet challenging research area. Humans use scene context and semantic object recognition to identify the correct image orientation. However, it is difficult for a computer to perform the task in the same way because current object recognition algorithms are extremely limited in their scope and robustness. As a result, existing orientation detection methods were built upon low-level vision features such as spatial distributions of color and texture. In addition, discrepant detection rates have been reported. We have developed a probabilistic approach to image orientation detection via confidence-based integration of low-level and semantic cues within a Bayesian framework. Our current accuracy is approaching 90% for unconstrained consumer photos, impressive given the findings of a psychophysical study conducted recently. The proposed framework is an attempt to bridge the gap between computer and human vision systems, and is applicable to other problems involving semantic scene content understanding.
Reactive oxygen species and tendinopathy: do they matter? (2004)

Reactive oxygen species are probably involved in tendinopathy

We propose that a molecular link between the exaggerated dysfunctional repair response in overuse tendinopathies and the subsequent orchestration of effective tendon healing is the control of the production and persistence of reactive oxygen species within the intracellular and extracellular milieu of the tendon tissue. Reactive oxygen production and the ensuing cellular response can be strongly influenced by lifestyle factors such as the intensity and frequency of exercise.

“Reactive oxygen species” (ROS; also referred to as active oxygen species, AOS; reactive oxygen intermediates, ROI) is a collective term for both radical and non-radical but reactive species derived from oxygen. A free radical, is “any species capable of independent existence that contains one or more unpaired electrons”.1 The presence of such unpaired electron(s) often imparts considerable reactivity. Commonly detected and potentially physiologically relevant ROS include the superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, and peroxyl radicals. A further and inter-related group are the reactive nitrogen species (RNS)—for example, peroxynitrite.1

ROS are continually produced during normal cell metabolism. The mitochondrial respiratory chain, NADPH-cytochrome P450 enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum, phagocytic cells, lipoxygenase, and cyclo-oxygenase are also sources of basal ROS production.1 Trauma and environmental and physiological stimuli may enhance ROS production.1

Traditionally, ROS are viewed as imposing cellular/tissue damage through lipid peroxidation, protein modification, DNA strand cleavage, and oxidative base modification, although the relative reactivity and susceptibility of the molecular targets vary. Thus, ROS production is implicated in numerous aspects of pathophysiology including tumorigenesis, coronary heart disease, autoimmune disease, overuse exercise related damage to muscle, and impairment of fracture healing.1,2

This association with cellular damage and pathology has predisposed much of the literature to consider decreased …
Medical therapy for erectile dysfunction (1996)

Erectile dysfunction is a common problem, but recent developments in medical therapies have made it possible to provide satisfactory erectile function for most patients. Here we review the available nonsurgical therapies including intracavernosal vasodilator injections, vacuum devices, exogenous androgen therapy, and various oral and topical agents. We particularly focus on the use of intracavernosal prostaglandin E, therapy because recent trials have suggested that it is the most effective medical therapy with minimal side effects available. With the advent of these nonsurgical therapies, most men with erectile dysfunction can enjoy satisfactory erections without requiring surgical intervention such as vascular surgery or penile prostheses.
PARTICLE ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES TO ENHANCE DISSOLUTION OF POORLY WATER SOLUBLE DRUGS (2010)

Poor aqueous solubility of a drug is an industry wide issue for pharmaceutical scientists in dosage form development. Numerous approaches have been developed for solubility enhancement of biopharmaceutical class II drugs (low solubility and high permeability). Particle engineering techniques are developed to modify the physicochemical, micromeritic and biopharmaceutical properties of the poorly soluble drugs and hence solubility. Various particle engineering processes like super critical fluid technology, cryogenic technology, nanomilling, evaporative precipitation into aqueous solution, melt sonocrystallization and cryo‐vacuum; etc methods were developed based on the drug properties and requirement of nanoparticles characters. Patented nanomilling processes have come up based on the principles of pearl milling (nanocrystals), high‐pressure homogenization (dissocubes, nanopure) and combined precipitation‐homogenization (nanoedge). The use of these processes has improved in vitro dissolution rates and in vivo b ioavailabilities of many poorly water soluble drugs. This review highlights several commercially available particle engineering processes recently reported in the literature for increasing the dissolution properties of poorly water soluble drugs.
A Stochastic Power Network Calculus for Integrating Renewable Energy Sources into the Power Grid (2012)

Renewable energy such as solar and wind generation will constitute an important part of the future grid. As the availability of renewable sources may not match the load, energy storage is essential for grid stability. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of integrating solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines into the grid by also accounting for energy storage. To deal with the fluctuation in both the power supply and demand, we extend and apply stochastic network calculus to analyze the power supply reliability with various renewable energy configurations. To illustrate the validity of the model, we conduct a case study for the integration of renewable energy sources into the power system of an island off the coast of Southern California. In particular, we asses the power supply reliability in terms of the average Fraction of Time that energy is Not-Served (FTNS).
Gel Based Isoelectric Focusing of Peptides and the Utility of Isoelectric Point in Protein Identification (2003)

Here we present the theoretical and experimental evaluation of peptide isoelectric point as a method to aid in the identification of peptides from complex mixtures. Predicted pI values were found to match closely the experimentally obtained data, resulting in the development of a unique filter that lowers the effective false positive rate for peptide identification. Due to the reduction of the false positive rate, the cross-correlation parameters Xcorr and deltaCn from the SEQUEST program can be lowered resulting in 25% more peptide identifications. This approach was successfully applied to analysis of the soluble fraction of the E. coli proteome, where 417 proteins were identified from 1022 peptides using just 20 microg of material.
New Geometrical Results About 4-Th Order Direction Finding Methods Performance (1996)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Trieste, Italy, 1996
Internet of vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular clouds (2014)

Traditionally, the vehicle has been the extension of the man's ambulatory system, docile to the driver's commands. Recent advances in communications, controls and embedded systems have changed this model, paving the way to the Intelligent Vehicle Grid. The car is now a formidable sensor platform, absorbing information from the environment (and from other cars) and feeding it to drivers and infrastructure to assist in safe navigation, pollution control and traffic management. The next step in this evolution is just around the corner: the Internet of Autonomous Vehicles. Pioneered by the Google car, the Internet of Vehicles will be a distributed transport fabric capable to make its own decisions about driving customers to their destinations. Like other important instantiations of the Internet of Things (e.g., the smart building), the Internet of Vehicles will have communications, storage, intelligence, and learning capabilities to anticipate the customers' intentions. The concept that will help transition to the Internet of Vehicles is the Vehicular Cloud, the equivalent of Internet cloud for vehicles, providing all the services required by the autonomous vehicles. In this article, we discuss the evolution from Intelligent Vehicle Grid to Autonomous, Internet-connected Vehicles, and Vehicular Cloud.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESIS OF PYRIMIDINE DEOXYNUCLEOSIDES PART 2, ONE‐STEP HALOGENATION AT THE 2′‐POSITION OF URIDINE, AND RELATED REACTIONS OF CYTIDINE AND N(4)‐ACETYLCYTIDINE (1974)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von 2,2′‐Anhydro‐1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyluracil (I) mit Acetylbromid in siedendem Essigester entsteht in 94%iger Aubeute das Bromderivat (II), das auch aus der Acetylverbindung (III) mit Acetylbromid in Essigester in quantitativer Ausbeute und durch Umsetzung von Uridin (IV) mit Acetylbromid in Acetonitril erhalten wird.
Analysis and design of a three-phase synchronous solid-state VAr compensator (1989)

A three-phase synchronous solid-state VAr compensator (SSVC) system that uses a three-phase pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) voltage-source inverter is presented and analyzed. The proposed SSVC system can compensate for leading and lagging displacement power factor. Pulsewidth modulation is used as a means of reducing the size of reactive components. The SSVC system is analyzed under self- and independently-controlled DC bus voltage operating conditions. Other areas of investigation include the design of SSVC filter components for both approaches and the closing of the loop around the reactive power command signal. Predicted results are verified experimentally for the case of the SSVC working with a self-controlled DC bus.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of isopropanol and hexane for extraction of vitamin E and oryzanols from stabilized rice bran (1996)

Abstract The effects of solvent‐to‐bran ratio (2∶1 and 3∶1, w/w), extraction temperature (40 and 60°C), and time (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min) were studied for hexane and isopropanol extraction. Increasing the solvent‐to‐bran ratios and extraction temperature increased the amounts of crude oil, vitamin E and oryzanol recovered for both solvents. An extraction time of 15 min was sufficient for optimum crude oil, vitamin E, and oryzanol extraction. Preheated isopropanol (3∶1 solvent/bran ratio and 60°C) extracted less crude oil ( P <.05) but more vitamin E ( P <.05) and similar amounts of oryzanol ( P >.05) relative to preheated hexane. The data suggest that isopropanol is a promising alternative solvent to hexane for extraction of oil from stabilized rice bran.
Asymmetric Halo CMOSFET to Reduce Static Power Dissipation with Improved Performance (2005)

The paper presents the benefits of asymmetric halo (AH) MOSFETs over conventional symmetric halo (SH) MOSFETs to reduce static leakage in CMOS circuits. Device doping profiles have been optimized to obtain minimum leakage at iso on-current. Static leakage in AH devices is suppressed (61% in NMOS and 90% in PMOSFET) due to reduced band-to-band tunneling current in reverse biased drain-substrate junctions. At iso on-current, the delay in an AH ring-oscillator reduces by 11% because of reduced drain junction capacitance.
Coreference-inspired coherence modeling (2008)

Research on coreference resolution and summarization has modeled the way entities are realized as concrete phrases in discourse. In particular there exist models of the noun phrase syntax used for discourse-new versus discourse-old referents, and models describing the likely distance between a pronoun and its antecedent. However, models of discourse coherence, as applied to information ordering tasks, have ignored these kinds of information. We apply a discourse-new classifier and pronoun coreference algorithm to the information ordering task, and show significant improvements in performance over the entity grid, a popular model of local coherence.