gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrically gain-switched vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1992)

The authors report electrical gain-switching of a packaged vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). Pulse durations as short as 24 ps at repetition rates up to 2 GHz were obtained from a four-quantum-well GaAs/AlGaAs VCSEL, which emits 0.8 mW continuous wave power in a single mode at room temperature and has a current threshold of 5 mA. Simultaneous measurement of the optical spectrum showed an almost transform limited linewidth indicating ultralow chirp. Optical pumping with subpicosecond pulses of the same packaged devices, held at a constant electrical bias, yielded 22 ps pulses, in good agreement with the electrical pumping. Simple calculations show that the pulse duration obtained by gain-switching is limited by the design constraints necessary to operate the VCSEL continuous wave at room temperature with low-threshold current, high-quantum efficiency, and reasonable output power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiplexed Hybridization Detection with Multicolor Colocalization of Quantum Dot Nanoprobes (2005)

We demonstrate a hybridization detection method using multicolor oligonucleotide-functionalized quantum dots as nanoprobes. In the presence of various target sequences, combinatorial self-assembly of the nanoprobes via independent hybridization reactions leads to the generation of discernible sequence-specific spectral codings. Detection of single-molecule hybridization is achieved by measuring colocalization of individual nanoprobes. Genetic analysis for anthrax pathogenicity through simultaneous detection of multiple relevant sequences is demonstrated using this novel biosensing method as proof-of-concept.
Cavity pressure determination and leakage testing for sealed surface micromachined membranes: a novel on-wafer test method (2002)

The knowledge of the cavity pressure and the tightness of sealed surface micromachined membranes is essential for the description of their behavior and for the evaluation of their long-term stability. We are presenting a novel procedure to determine the cavity pressure and the tightness of sealed surface micromachined structures. The basic idea for cavity pressure determination is to compare two pressure-dependent resonance frequency measurements of a sealed and subsequently opened structure. The pressure dependent resonance frequency of the sealed structure depends on the clamping conditions, while the resonance frequency of the opened structure strongly depends on the compression of the gas-film between the plates. To characterize the structures with high accuracy a setup containing a temperature and pressure controlled chamber was installed. To equalize the ambient and the cavity pressure after the first characterization the sealed structures have to be opened by means of with an focused ion beam (FIB) and again measured pressure-dependent. An important application of the developed method is on-wafer process monitoring of surface micromachining processes.
A Nucleolar RNA Helicase Recognized by Autoimmune Antibodies from a Patient With Watermelon Stomach Disease (1996)

Watermelon stomach is characterized by prominent stripes of ectatic vascular tissue in the stomach similar to stripes on a watermelon; in patients with this disorder chronic gastrointestinal bleeding occurs and approximately half of these patients have associated autoimmune disorders. In the serum of one patient, an antinucleolar antibody titer of 1:25 600 was found; the antibodies specifically recognized an approximately 100 kDa nucleolar protein, which we referred to as the 'Gu' protein. Its cDNA was cloned and sequenced. The Gu protein is a member of a new subgroup of RNA helicases, the DEXD box family. Gu protein fused with glutathione S-transferase contains ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity which preferably translocates in the 5'-->3' direction. Its RNA folding activity, RNA-dependent ATPase and dATPase activities, and its translocation direction are similar to those of RNA helicase II [Flores-Rozas, H. and Hurwitz, J. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 21372-21383]. Sequencing of 209 amino acids of RNA helicase II peptides showed 96.7% identity with the cDNA-derived amino acid sequence of the Gu protein. The precise biological roles of this RNA helicase in the biogenesis of ribosomal RNA and the pathogenesis of watermelon disease and autoimmune disorder require further study.
μJ range optical fiber parametric chirped pulse amplification of short pulses at 1 μm (2016)

We report here on a Fiber Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification in which 1053 nm laser pulses are amplified in a large mode area photonic band gap fiber by an all-fiber pulsed pump in the μJ range with a gain of 53 dB and compressed up to about 400 fs.
Delta modulation strategies for resonant link inverters (1990)

The suitability of delta modulation strategies for resonant link inverters is explored in detail. The control and spectral characteristics of various delta modulators are examined in an effort to develop a model for the same. The more fundamental question of comparing delta modulation systems with conventional pulse-width-modulated (PWM) systems, given similar devices, is addressed, and it shown that the former provides a viable high-performance alternative. As the resonant DC link topology allows at least an order of magnitude increase in the switching frequency, Sigma Delta M systems using a given family of devices are capable of better spectral response than a conventional PWM inverter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and subsequent multiple myeloma among African American and white veterans in the United States (2005)

The age-adjusted incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) is 2-fold higher in African Americans than in whites. A few small studies have reported a higher prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) in African Americans versus whites. Etiologic factors for MGUS and determinants for transformation of MGUS to MM are unknown. We quantified the prevalence of MGUS and subsequent risk of MM among 4 million African American and white male veterans admitted to Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals. The age-adjusted prevalence ratio of MGUS in African Americans compared with whites was 3.0 (2.7-3.3 95% confidence interval). Among 2046 MGUS cases, the estimated cumulative risk of MM during the first 10 years of follow-up was similar (P = .37) for African Americans (17%) and whites (15%). In the largest study to date, we suggest that the excess risk of MM in African Americans results from an increase in risk of MGUS rather than an increased risk of progression from MGUS to MM.
Enhanced neurogenesis from neural progenitor cells with G1/S‐phase cell cycle arrest is mediated by transforming growth factor β1 (2008)

We have previously demonstrated that a G1/S-phase cell cycle blocker, deferoxamine (DFO), increased the number of new neurons from rat neurosphere cultures, which correlated with prolonged expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p27(kip1) [H. J. Kim et al. (2006)Brain Research, 1092, 1-15]. The present study focuses on neuronal differentiation mechanisms following treatment of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) with a G1/S-phase cell cycle blocker. The addition of DFO (0.5 mm) or aphidicolin (Aph) (1.5 microm) to neurospheres for 8 h, followed by 3 days of differentiation, resulted in an increased number of neurons and neurite outgrowth. DFO induced enhanced expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and cdk5 at 24 h after differentiation, whereas Aph only increased TGF-beta1 expression. DFO-induced neurogenesis and neurite outgrowth were attenuated by administration of a cdk5 inhibitor, roscovitine, suggesting that the neurogenic mechanisms differ between DFO and Aph. TGF-beta1 (10 ng/mL) did not increase neurite outgrowth but rather the number of beta-tubulin III-positive cells, which was accompanied by enhanced p27(kip1) mRNA expression. In addition, TGF-beta receptor type II expression was observed in nestin-positive NPCs. Results indicated that DFO-induced TGF-beta1 signaling activated smad3 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In contrast, TGF-beta1 signaling inhibition, via a TGF-beta receptor type I inhibitor (SB-505124), resulted in decreased DFO-induced neurogenesis, in conjunction with decreased p27(kip1) protein expression and smad3 translocation to the nucleus. These results suggest that cell cycle arrest during G1/S-phase induces TGF-beta1 expression. This, in turn, prompts enhanced neuronal differentiation via smad3 translocation to the nucleus and subsequent p27(kip1) activation in NPCs.
Co ferrite films with excellent perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and high coercivity deposited at low temperature (1999)

The present article describes CoxFe3−xO4 films, which were fabricated at 90 °C by the ferrite-plating method and have the excellent perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the perpendicular coercivity Hc⊥ above 2 kOe. The films were composed of Co ferrite and Fe3O4 grains. The highest Hc⊥ reached 3 kOe at the composition of Co0.43Fe2.57O4 and the saturation magnetization Ms was 500–550 emu/cc. Hc⊥ was over 2 kOe even for a film thickness of 35 nm without any underlayers. ΔM⊥ evaluation that is measured in the perpendicular direction to the film plane showed that the interactions in the films supported the magnetized state, stabilizing the direct current remanent state. The Mössbauer analyses revealed that the Co0.43Fe2.57O4 films have excellent perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the magnetization direction inclined from the perpendicular axis due to the demagnetization field. This achievement will open the way to develop the high-density perpendicular recording media even when plastic disks and sheets are used as substrates.
Resveratrol and Diabetes (2013)

Resveratrol is a stilbene compound, and a phytoalexin, synthesized by plants in response to stressful stimuli, usually caused by infection. It is abundantly present in red wine, ports and sherries, red grapes, blueberries, peanuts, itadori tea, as well as hops, pistachios, and in grape and cranberry juices. The anti-hyperglycemic effects of resveratrol seem to be the result of an increased action of the glucose transporter in the cytoplasmic membrane. Studies on rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes have demonstrated that the expression of the insulin-dependent glucose transporter, GLUT4, is increased after resveratrol ingestion. Also, resveratrol enhances adiponectin levels, which could be one of the potential mechanisms by which it improves insulin sensitivity. Another important observation is that resveratrol induces the secretion of the gut incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1. Resveratrol is also reported to activate Sir2 (silent information regulatory 2), a SIRT1 homolog, thus mimicking the benefits of calorie restriction. It produces a wide variety of effects in mammalian cells, including activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which is involved in some of the same metabolic pathways as SIRT1, which may influence other mechanisms via the involvement of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). In the near future, resveratrol-based therapies with either resveratrol or its analogs that have better bioavailability could be useful in the treatment of diabetes and its complications, either alone or in combination with other anti-diabetic drugs.
Controlling Object Hand-Over in Human–Robot Collaboration Via Natural Wearable Sensing (2018)

With the deployment of collaborative robots in intelligent manufacturing, object hand-over between humans and robots plays a significant role in human-robot collaborations. In most collaboration studies, human hand-over intentions were usually assumed to be known by the robot, and the research mainly focused on robot motion planning and control during the hand-over process. Several approaches have been developed to control the human-robot hand-over, such as vision-based approach and physical contact-based approach, but their applications in manufacturing environments are limited due to various constraints, such as limited human working ranges and safety concerns. In this paper, we develop a practical approach using a wearable sensory system, which has a natural and simple configuration and can be easily utilized by humans. This approach could make a robot recognize a human's hand-over intentions and enable the human to effectively and naturally control the hand-over process. In addition, the approach could recognize the attribute classes of the objects in the human's hand using the wearable sensing and enable the robot to actively make decisions to ensure that graspable objects are handed over from the human to the robot. Results and evaluations illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach in human-robot hand-over control.
Power generation of dielectric elastomer generator with diaphragm configuration under triangular harvesting cycle (2020)

The energy conversion performance of the dielectric elastomer generator (VHB 4905 acrylic elastomer, 3M) was investigated with the diaphragm configuration. Under the “triangular” harvesting scheme, the average energy density and energy conversion efficiency within one electromechanical cycle are measured to be about 102±5 mJ/g and 9.5±2.6 %, respectively, which are 75% and 98 % higher than that of the “quadrangular” harvesting scheme with the identical loading configuration. Large proportion of mechanical energy is dissipated via viscosity of the acrylic elastomer material, which implies that the energy conversion performance of dielectric elastomer generator is able to be considerably improved by adopting dielectric elastomer material with low viscoelasticity. For the diaphragm configuration, the capacitance of the dielectric elastomer film is proportional to the square of stretching displacement.
Gastrointestinal Motility in Patients with the Irritable Bowel Syndrome (1987)

Patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often have symptoms from both proximal and distal parts of the gut. Motility disturbances have been reported to occur from the esophagus to the distal colon in IBS patients. The patients often have a decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressure and various abnormalities of esophageal peristalsis. Mean transit time in the small intestine after a meal is short in patients with diarrhoea, and long in patients with constipation and pain compared with normals. IBS patients also show abnormalities of the interdigestive MMC, particularly when exposed to stressful stimuli. Previous studies of the colonic oscillating control potential suggested an increased prevalence of 3/min. slow waves in IBS patients compared with normals, but later studies could not confirm this. Long time measurements with multiple electrodes along the colon show a high prevalence of short-lasting segmental contractions in constipated patients, while both short and long-lasting contractions are decreased in painless diarrhoea. Rectal recordings in IBS patients have shown an increased contractile response up to 3 hrs after a meal. --The disturbed gut motility in IBS patients seems to be due no neural influences rather than strictly myogenic factors.
Proline-rich activator CTF1 targets the TFIIB assembly step during transcriptional activation. (1994)

Activators can stimulate transcription through direct or indirect interactions with general initiation factors. We show here that the proline-rich activation domain of CTF1 (CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor 1) selectively interacts with TFIIB but not with the TATA-binding protein (TBP), whereas previous studies have shown that the acidic activation domain of viral VP16 interacts directly with both TBP and TFIIB. In addition, consistent with studies of acidic activation domains, we demonstrate that the activation domain of CTF1 facilitates the recruitment (or stabilization) of TFIIB within TBP-DNA complexes during preinitiation complex assembly. CTF1-enhanced TFIIB recruitment was observed in both human and yeast systems. The results indicate that the proline-rich activation domain enhances transcription, at least in part, through direct interactions with TFIIB and, with previous observations, suggest models involving either quantitative or qualitative changes in TFIIB-TFIID-promoter interactions that lead to increased utilization of downstream initiation factors.
Breast cancer classification from digital breast tomosynthesis using 3D multi-subvolume approach (2020)

Digital mammography (DM) was the most common image guided diagnostic tool in breast cancer detection up till recent years. However, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) imaging, which presents more accurate results than DM, is going to replace DM in clinical practice. As in many medical image processing applications, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been shown promising in reducing radiologists reading time with enhanced cancer diagnostic accuracy. In this paper, we implemented a 3D network using deep learning algorithms to detect breast cancer malignancy using DBT craniocaudal (CC) view images. We created a multi-sub-volume approach, in which the most representative slice (MRS) for malignancy scans is manually selected/defined by expert radiologists. We specifically compared the effects on different selections of the MRS by two radiologists and the resulting model performance variations. The results indicate that our scheme is relatively robust for all three experiments.
NILM dashboard: Actionable feedback for condition-based maintenance (2020)

Modern power monitoring systems record vast amounts of equipment operational data. For these systems to improve efficiency and performance, the data must be presented as an intuitive decision aid for watchstanders. The Nonintrusive Load Monitor (NILM) dashboard provides actionable information for energy score-keeping, activity tracking, and equipment condition-based maintenance (CBM). Using a NILM to present metrics that track changes in equipment signature and equipment behavior allows for effective CBM. Electrical monitoring through the NILM dashboard can identify both "soft" faults (the gradual degradation of equipment performance) and "hard" faults (the complete failure of a piece of equipment). This paper presents metrics and visualizations that have proven useful for CBM. Analysis from case studies of fault conditions identified aboard two United States Coast Guard cutters (USCGCs), SPENCER and ESCANABA, are discussed.
Cancer antigen WT1-targeting treatment for the malignancies -Development of WT1 peptide vaccine- (2008)

Wilm's tumor gene WT1, which has an oncogenic function, is expressed in various kinds of hematological malignancies and solid cancers. WT1 antibodies at higher titers and WT1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) at higher frequencies were detected in cancer patients than in healthy donors, indicating that WT1 protein was immunogenic. Furthermore, WT1-specific immune responses are considered to be involved with Graft versus Leukemia effect in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These findings provided us with the rationale for cancer immunotherapy targeting WT1. Clinical trials of WT1 peptide vaccination for cancer patients were started, and WT1 vaccination-driven immunological responses and clinical responses, including reduction of leukemic cells, reduction of M-protein amount in myeloma, and shrinkage of solid cancer, were observed. Further enhancement of efficacy of WT1 peptide vaccine can be expected by co-administration of WT1-specific helper peptide or anti-cancer chemotherapy agent. WT1 peptide vaccination in the setting of MRD (minimal residual disease) may prolong "progression-free survival time", or decrease "relapse rate".
Ionic Transport Phenomena in Nanofluidics:  Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Exclusion-Enrichment Effect on a Chip (2005)

In nanometer-sized apertures with charged surfaces, the extension of the electrical double layer results in the electrostatic exclusion of co-ions and enrichment in counterions, which affects the permselectivity of such structures. A modeling of this phenomenon is proposed and is compared with quantitative measurements of the ionic permeability change of a Pyrex nanoslit at low ionic strength. The comparison of experimental results with theoretical predictions justifies that electrostatic forces are the governing forces in nanofluidics.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Bicyclic δ-Lactones via N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction (2015)

The N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed cascade reaction of enals with malonates to give bicyclic δ-lactones was developed. The cyclopentane- and cyclohexane-fused δ-lactones with three continued stereocenters were obtained in high yields with excellent diastereo- and high enantioselectivities.
Status of the International Space Station Regenerative ECLSS Water Recovery and Oxygen Generation Systems (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">NASA is developing three racks containing regenerative water recovery and oxygen generation systems (WRS and OGS) for deployment on the <i>International Space Station (ISS)</i>. The major assemblies included in these racks are the Water Processor Assembly (WPA), Urine Processor Assembly (UPA), Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA), and the Power Supply Module (PSM) supporting the OGA. The WPA and OGA are provided by Hamilton Sundstrand Space Systems International (HSSSI), Inc., while the UPA and PSM are developed in-house by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The assemblies have completed the manufacturing phase and are in various stages of testing and integration into the flight racks. This paper summarizes the status as of April 2005 and describes some of the technical challenges encountered and lessons learned over the past year.</div>
Protecting Your Online You: A New Approach to Handling Your Online Persona After Death (2011)

People create online personas through email, social networking, and virtual world services. Upon signing up for one of these services, a person enters into a contractual agreement governing the terms of use. These agreements include limitations on what will happen to his account after he dies. The conditions governing what happens to the account after the creator dies vary widely, which gives rise to a situation where it is nearly impossible to know how all of one’s digital assets will be handled after death. Due to the increased use of these services, the lack of clarity in what happens to one’s online persona after death is becoming a greater problem. This Note proposes treating one’s online persona as part of one’s estate and handling it in a similar manner as other assets, which can be bequeathed to a designated person. An exception to this general probate treatment, however, arises when a person’s digital assets are left unresolved in his will. In much the same way that past love letters from a deceased husband offer a window into his life, a person’s e-mail, social network postings, and other digital artifacts should also be available after death and the solution proposed here makes that a more likely reality while still protecting the creator’s potential privacy interest. Such a system will result in the fulfillment of the digital creator’s wishes, better guarantees of privacy, and the assurance of a more equitable and better defined legal system for addressing one’s online persona after death. © 2012 Noam Kutler. This Note is the first-place winner of the Berkeley Technology Law Journal ’s annual student writing competition. † Associate, KL B.A., Rutgers University (2004). I would like to thank Professor Naomi Cahn, Christopher Healey, Andrew Emerson, and the editors of the Berkeley Technology Law Journal for their thoughtful comments and assistance in completing this Note. I would also like to thank my wife Stephanie for her unending support and encouragement. 1641-1670_KUTLER_041712 (DO NOT DELETE) 4/17/2012 2:27 PM 1642 BERKELEY TECHNOLOGY LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 26:1641