gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A compiler address transformation for conflict-free access of memories and networks (2002)

A method for mapping arrays into parallel memories to minimize serialization and network conflicts for lock-step systems is presented. Each array is associated an arbitrary number of data access patterns that can be identified following compiler data-dependence analysis. Conditions for conflict-free access of parallel memories and network are derived for arbitrary power-of-2 data patterns and arbitrary multistage networks. The authors propose an efficient heuristic to synthesize combined address transformation (NP complete) which applies to arbitrary linear patterns, arbitrary multistage networks, and an arbitrary number of power-of-2 memories. The method can be implemented as part of the address transformation (Xor and And) or through compiler emulation. The performance of optimized storage schemes is presented for FFT, arbitrary sets of data patterns, non power-of-2 stride access in vector processors, interleaving, and static row-column storages. Their approach is profitable in all the above cases and provides a systematic method for converting array-memory mapping and network aspects of algorithms from one network topology to another.
Software aging estimation and prediction of a real VOD system based on PCA and neural networks (2009)

The phenomenon of software aging refers to the exhaustion of operating system resource, fragmentation and accumulation of errors, which results in progressive performance degradation or transient failures or even crashes of applications. In this paper, we investigate the software aging patterns of a real VOD system. First, we collect data on several system resource usage and application server. Then, non-parametric statistical methods and linear regression models are adopted to detect aging and estimate trends in the data sets. Finally, artificial neural network (ANN) models are constructed to model the extracted data series of systematic parameters and to predict software aging of the VOD system. In order to reduce the complexity of ANN and to improve its efficiency, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the dimensionality of input variables of ANN. The experimental results show that the software aging prediction model based on ANN is superior to the time series models in the aspects of prediction precision. Based on the models employed here, software rejuvenation policies can be triggered by actual measurements.
Color 3D Printing: Theory, Method, and Application (2016)

Our research team proposes a colored manufacturing technology with a layer-by-layer printing process. Using digital inkjet printing in layer-by-layer printing color graphics, a further low-cost color 3D Printing (3DP) technology can be developed. It can provide an integrated way to prototype and reproduce 3D objects, from concept to design and manufacturing. Ultimately, with fast graphics printing method, it guarantees a feasible way to further promote cultural and creative products.
Coherent Diffraction Imaging with Absorption Contrast using Broadband Tabletop Soft X-ray Sources (2015)

We demonstrate nanometer scale resolution with absorption contrast without the need for scanning wavelength as is typically done. This is accomplished by applying polychromatic coherent diffraction imagining with a tabletop, ultrafast, broadband high harmonic source.
Rotorcraft virtual sensors via deep regression (2019)

Raw sensor data containing high-fidelity information is highly desirable for valuable post-processing. We developed a machine learning model that performs deep regression to infer rotorcraft component vibration spectra from a few flight conditional indicators (CI). The model consists of a deep neural network of fully connected layers (DNN) that performs high-dimensional and non-linear multivariate regression to reconstruct raw accelerometer data. The network architecture hyperparameters were optimized using an evolutionary genetic algorithm (GA) that was more effective than random and manual search methods. The best GA design was further tuned to achieve spectrum reconstruction accuracies above 95% on validation datasets. An automated model generator workflow was developed to train and evaluate thousands of DNN designs using parallel asynchronous execution on a Cray XC50, which were monitored and studied. Finally, as a verification step of the DNN inference model operation and performance, a detailed sensitivity analysis was performed using a modified Sobol sampling technique to understand response behavior and limitations. The sensitivity analysis method utilized Dask-distributed across multiple nodes on our HPC to evaluate millions of generated samples in parallel.
Location-based Marketing: the academic framework (2012)

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.
Management of pneumococcal meningitis (2002)

During the past decade antibiotic resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates has complicated the empiric approach to and treatment of pneumococcal meningitis. Standard empiric therapy for suspected bacterial meningitis for infants and children older than 1 month of age is the combination of cefotaxime or ceftriaxone and vancomycin. Treatment is modified after antimicrobial susceptibilities are available. The optimal treatment of pneumococcal meningitis caused by strains with a cefotaxime/ceftriaxone MIC >2 microg/ml is unknown, although the addition of rifampin to the initial combination is generally recommended. The role of newer agents including quinolones is under investigation. Dexamethasone remains the only adjunctive antiinflammatory therapy to consider. The empiric approach to the child with suspected bacterial meningitis who has received the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine currently remains unchanged.
The Vanilloid Receptor TRPV1 Is Tonically Activated <i>In Vivo</i> and Involved in Body Temperature Regulation (2007)

The vanilloid receptor TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) is a cation channel that serves as a polymodal detector of pain-producing stimuli such as capsaicin, protons (pH <5.7), and heat. TRPV1 antagonists block pain behaviors in rodent models of inflammatory, neuropathic, and cancer pain, suggesting their utility as analgesics. Here, we report that TRPV1 antagonists representing various chemotypes cause an increase in body temperature (hyperthermia), identifying a potential issue for their clinical development. Peripheral restriction of antagonists did not eliminate hyperthermia, suggesting that the site of action is predominantly outside of the blood-brain barrier. Antagonists that are ineffective against proton activation also caused hyperthermia, indicating that blocking capsaicin and heat activation of TRPV1 is sufficient to produce hyperthermia. All TRPV1 antagonists evaluated here caused hyperthermia, suggesting that TRPV1 is tonically activated in vivo and that TRPV1 antagonism and hyperthermia are not separable. TRPV1 antagonists caused hyperthermia in multiple species (rats, dogs, and monkeys), demonstrating that TRPV1 function in thermoregulation is conserved from rodents to primates. Together, these results indicate that tonic TRPV1 activation regulates body temperature.
X Chromosome Reactivation Initiates in Nascent Primordial Germ Cells in Mice (2007)

During primordial germ cell (PGC) development, epigenetic reprogramming events represented by X chromosome reactivation and erasure of genomic imprinting are known to occur. Although precise timing is not given, X reactivation is thought to take place over a short period of time just before initiation of meiosis. Here, we show that the cessation of Xist expression commences in nascent PGCs, and re-expression of some X-linked genes begins in newly formed PGCs. The X reactivation process was not complete in E14.5 PGCs, indicating that X reactivation in developing PGCs occurs over a prolonged period. These results set the reactivation timing much earlier than previously thought and suggest that X reactivation may involve slow passive steps.
Cavitation par Excitation Acoustique Bifréquentielle : Application à la Thrombolyse Ultrasonore (2009)

Enhancing cavitation activity using lower acoustic intensities is interesting to a variety of therapeutic applications, where the mechanical effects of cavitation are required with minimal heating of surrounding tissues. The present experimental work is focused on the modification of the inertial cavitation threshold and on the cavitation activity beyond the threshold where an excitation signal made of two neighbouring frequency components is used. A significant reduction of the acoustic intensity required to trigger cavitation can be obtained in a medium with a strong cavitation threshold. Moreover, comparing the evolution of the cavitation activity beyond the threshold where mono- and bi-frequency excitations are used, it is shown, in the latter case, that strong activities can be reached with intensities closer to the threshold value. This fact would offer a dual-benefit in terms of therapeutic applications, as it enables a better separation between the cavitating and non-cavitating regime and allows lower intensities to be used to attain a given cavitation activity. The evolution of the bifrequency threshold as function of the external parameters shows that the mechanisms involved are nonlinear. Experiments on in vitro blood clot models have validated the efficiency of this bifrequency excitation for purely ultrasound thrombolysis
Real‐time 3D surface‐image‐guided beam setup in radiotherapy of breast cancer (2004)

We describe an approach for external beam radiotherapy of breast cancer that utilizes the three-dimensional (3D) surface information of the breast. The surface data of the breast are obtained from a 3D optical camera that is rigidly mounted on the ceiling of the treatment vault. This 3D camera utilizes light in the visible range therefore it introduces no ionization radiation to the patient. In addition to the surface topographical information of the treated area, the camera also captures gray-scale information that is overlaid on the 3D surface image. This allows us to visualize the skin markers and automatically determine the isocenter position and the beam angles in the breast tangential fields. The field sizes and shapes of the tangential, supraclavicular, and internal mammary gland fields can all be determined according to the 3D surface image of the target. A least-squares method is first introduced for the tangential-field setup that is useful for compensation of the target shape changes. The entire process of capturing the 3D surface data and subsequent calculation of beam parameters typically requires less than 1 min. Our tests on phantom experiments and patient images have achieved the accuracy of 1 mm in shift and 0.5 degrees in rotation. Importantly, the target shape and position changes in each treatment session can both be corrected through this real-time image-guided system.
Time-domain simulation of system interconnect using convolution and Newton-Raphson iteration methods (2010)

In today's world electronic system interconnections, commonly called channels, are routed over packages and printed circuit boards and are characterized by measuring eyes and calculating the bit error rate (BER). Many factors such as jitter, inter-symbol interference, simultaneous switching noise and crosstalk impact the BER of an interconnection. In the design phase, it is common practice to use circuit simulation to guarantee an acceptable BER level. This is done by acquiring the voltage waveform at the input of the receiver circuit in a robust statistical manner using time domain simulations. The possible time-domain simulation techniques can be classified in two ways: a transient solver (e.g., ASTAP, Spice) which uses non-linear Newton-Raphson iteration methods, and another second technique based on linear convolution and which has gained wide acceptance more recently due to the large number of bits that can be simulated. In this work, the two methods are applied for the timedomain analysis of a real interconnection system represented by the concatenation of 52 mixed 2-D and 3-D models. The 3D models are needed to describe the high-order modes in proximity of package discontinuities, such as via transitions and connectors. The ports of these models range in number from 18 to 36 depending on the number of aggressors that can create significant crosstalk. In this work the required rules of thumb derived from a sampling criterion will be described, so that the correct sampling frequency of the S-parameter models can be determined and robust simulation results for such a large cascaded netlist can be achieved. The overall interconnection model includes behavioral models for the driver and receiver circuits that employ equalization. Behavioral models give a needed simplification because the complexity of the original transistor-level I/O circuits leads to unacceptable long simulation times. We will use the analysis of the described real interconnection system to compare the two transient simulation approaches and quantify their expected accuracy. Furthermore, the limitations of the existing simulation methods in handling complex interconnections will be discussed, with particular emphasis on the checking and enforcement of causality and passivity for these models.
Characterization of IIP2 and DC-offsets in transconductance mixers (2001)

Envelope distortion in transconductance mixers is analyzed in this paper. The analysis consists of a simplified theoretical study, simulation results, and measurements about several implemented mixers. The studied mixers are active single-balanced and double-balanced structures. A theoretical mismatch analysis is carried out instead of a complex mixer nonlinearity analysis; this gives an intuitive sense of even-order nonlinearity in balanced mixers, and provides information about the fundamental restrictions of second-order input intercept point (IIP2) and the relations of different imbalances to actual performance. The analysis uses a number of simplifying assumptions, but without losing generality. The IIP2 is sensitive to any mismatch in a differential circuit topology. It will be shown that an excellent IIP2 can be achieved in slightly imbalanced conditions by a controllable mismatch device.
High aspect ratio plasma etching of bulk lead zirconate titanate (2006)

Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) is a high energy density active material with good piezoelectric coefficient and electromechanical coupling constant making it highly suitable for microsystems applications. In this paper, we present a rapid anisotropic high aspect ratio etching process for defining micron size features in PZT. We used an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) system employing sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and argon (Ar) based chemistry. A seed layer of Au/Cr was lithographically patterned onto fine lap finished PZT-4 substrates followed by electrodeposition of a thick 2-5 μm nickel on the seed layer, which acts as a hard mask during the etching process. The demonstrated technique was used to etch bulk PZT ceramic substrates, thereby opening possibilities for integration of bulk PZT substrates and structures into microsystems. A maximum etch rate of 19 μm/hr on PZT-4 and 25 μm/hr for PZT-5A compositions was obtained using 2000 W of ICP power, 475 W of substrate power, 5 sccm of SF<sub>6</sub>, and 50 sccm of Ar on PZT substrate. We have also demonstrated a high aspect ratio etch (>5:1) on a 3 μm feature size. Detailed analysis of the effects of ICP power, substrate power, and the etch gas composition on the etch rate of PZT are also presented in this article.
Simple tunable dual-wavelength fiber laser and multiple self-mixing interferometry to large step height measurement (2016)

A simple tunable dual-wavelength fiber laser was developed and multiple self-mixing interferometry to large step height measurement was demonstrated. The fiber laser, which can emit two wavelengths without laser mode competition, is composed of a single fiber ring cavity and two fiber branches. Each branch includes a length of erbium-doped fiber and a fiber Bragg grating. Large step heights can be measured using multiple self-mixing interference of the two wavelengths. The maximum height that can be measured is half synthetic wavelength of the two wavelengths. A step height of 2mm constructed with two gauge blocks has been measured. The standard deviation of measurement results is 2.5nm.
Automated assessment and experiences of teaching programming (2005)

This article reports on the design, implementation, and usage of the CourseMarker (formerly known as CourseMaster) courseware Computer Based Assessment (CBA) system at the University of Nottingham. Students use CourseMarker to solve (programming) exercises and to submit their solutions. CourseMarker returns immediate results and feedback to the students. Educators author a variety of exercises that benefit the students while offering practical benefits. To date, both educators and students have been hampered by CBA software that has been constructed to assess text-based or multiple-choice answers only. Although there exist a few CBA systems with some capability to automatically assess programming coursework, none assess Java programs and none are as flexible, architecture-neutral, robust, or secure as the CourseMarker CBA system.
The Influence of Dynamical Imperfection on the Vibration of Rotating Disks (1957)

This paper is concerned with the vibration of disks particularly the form known as the ‘stationary wave’ which can develop in a rotating disk by the application of a stationary axial force at the periphery. The forms of vibration involving n nodal diameters are considered, and phenomena associated with linear and non-linear free and forced vibration are discussed in detail. Thereafter, attention is focused on the behaviour of real disks which, owing to inevitable imperfection, possess two independent modes of vibration, and thus two natural frequencies, for each value of n. It is shown that the stationary wave is greatly influenced by the degree of imperfection present. Experimental studies with stationary and rotating disks are presented covering forced vibration in the linear and nonlinear zones. The results show that a non-linear stationary wave may exist in a rotating disk over a wide speed range depending on the magnitude of the applied force. As speed increases this wave finally collapses and in doing so becomes a travelling wave which accelerates slowly in the direction of disk rotation as its amplitude subsides. Experiments conducted with large artificial imperfection show that the stationary wave may be transformed into two modes of vibration which are fixed in position in the disk. These modes resonate separately at their respective frequencies and apparently suffer a high degree of aerodynamic damping due to rotation. The magnitude of disk vibration is thus greatly reduced by the introduction of imperfection. Short mathematical appendices are included which contain the main theoretical results.
Key Management Protocol with Implicit Certificates for IoT systems (2015)

This paper proposes a Key Management Protocol for mobile and industrial Internet of Things systems, targeting, at the same time, robust key negotiation, lightweight node authentication, fast re-keying, and efficient protection against replay attacks. The proposed approach pragmatically leverages widely accepted Elliptic Curve Cryptography constructions, specifically the (Elliptic Curve) "Fixed" Diffie Hellman key exchange and the (Elliptic Curve) Qu-Vanstone implicit certificates. Our value added is their suitable integration into a security protocol exchange, designed at layer 2, in the 802.15.4 protocol stack, which permits to i) avoid Elliptic Point multiplications upon rekeying of previously paired devices, and ii) support mutual authentication while securing the protocol exchange. To prove its viability, the proposed Key Management Protocol has been implemented and assessed on severely constrained devices. As expected, but made explicit and quantified by our experimental performance evaluation, the usage of implicit certificates in conjunction with an optimized message exchange yields impressive gains in terms of airtime consumption with respect to state of the art schemes.
Genetic Improvement of Bioenergy Crops (2008)

Ethanol as an alternative fuel is receiving a lot of attention because it addresses concerns related to dwindling oil supplies, energy independence, and climate change. The majority of the ethanol in
A New Lactam Protecting Group (1992)

Abstract N-Alkenyl and N-alkoxymethyl lactams are impervious to many reagents and are useful protecting groups for lactams. Conversion to the corresponding 2-ethoxy iminium salt and hydrolysis in neutral water removes the protecting group. Mild basification regenerates the lactam.
Simple color tests based on an alanyl peptidase reaction which differentiate Listeria monocytogenes from other Listeria species (1997)

The hydrolysis of DL-alanine-beta-naphthylamide and D-alanine-p-nitroanilide for identification of Listeria spp. has been studied with 227 cultures. All species of Listeria, except L. monocytogenes, hydrolyzed these substrates. The reactions were detected by simple chromogenic reactions and could substitute for the CAMP test.
Design and implementation of a 5.25GHz radio transceiver for a MIMO testbed (2005)

This paper describes the development and implementation of a 5.25 GHz radio transceiver for a MIMO testbed. The transceiver is built with off the shelf components on several printed circuit boards. A modular concept enables expansion of the system from a simple 1/spl times/1 SISO to a complex 8/spl times/8 MIMO setup. Calibration curves and MIMO wireless measurements of the fully functional testbed are presented.
Intrinsic current bistability in InAs/Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>Sb resonant tunneling devices (1994)

We report the design and demonstration of a novel resonant tunneling device displaying bistability in operating current over a range of applied voltage. The device is based on a type II InAs/AlxGa1−xSb (0.4&lt;x&lt;0.6) double barrier heterostructure. This structure permits the simultaneous accumulation of electrons and holes in the quantum well/barrier region, resulting in a dependence of the steady-state charge distribution on the bias history of the device. This dependence is experimentally manifested as an ‘‘S’’-shaped negative differential resistance region under current-controlled measurement conditions or as hysteretic I-V behavior under voltage-controlled conditions. Room temperature operating currents in excess of 2.5×105 A/cm2 are observed, along with peak-to-valley voltage ratios up to 1.5.
High brightness LEDs for general lighting applications Using the new ThinGaN™-Technology (2004)

During the last years GaN-technology has proven to fulfill the requirements of solid state lighting. Lighting requirements are mainly driven by brightness, operation voltage and lifetime. Brigthness is determined by internal efficiency as well as extraction efficiency whereas the ohmic losses determining the operating voltage are dominated by series resistance and contact resistance. Both, brightness and voltage, strongly depend on the device structure as well as the chip design. SiC based [1, 2] as well as Sapphire based LEDs [3] have proven their capability for high brightness devices, still suffering from various compromises such as cost, ESD-stability, high series resistance etc. Recently OSRAM-OS has demonstrated its newly developed product line based on the so called ThinGaN™ technology, a true thinfilm approach that overcomes most of the compromises mentioned. The technology allows highest brightness levels at lowest operating voltage, is scalable and supports all wavelengths. The devices act as true surface emitters with a lambertian emission pattern. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)