gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Different, Different Direction (2020)

In an editorial, Museum Anthropology Review editor Jason Baird Jackson discusses new developments for the journal, highlighting its new status as a publication of the Indiana University Press. The move of the journal’s publishing home from the Mathers Museum of World Cultures to the Indiana University Press necessitates reversing an editorial plan previously announced. As has been true for all but the past year of its history, the journal welcomes scholarly and practitioner contributions from across the full breadth of the fields of museum anthropology, museum-based folklore studies, and material culture studies.
Dried Foam Films: Self‐Standing, Water‐Free, Reversed Bilayers of Amphiphilic Compounds (2005)

Complete removal of interstitial water molecules from various foam films of amphiphilic compounds results in self-standing bilayer membranes. The dried foam films (DFFs) in the micrometer to submicrometer range (see picture) are stable even under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions and at temperatures higher than 100 °C.
The clinical value of Imaging Findings in diagnosis of Thyroid carcinoma (2009)

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the CT and ultrasound for thyroid carcino-ma. Methods The images were reviewed of 46 cases of thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis. Results The final diagnosis rate of US in thyroid carcinoma was 67.4% , and CT was 69.6%. The diagnoisie of lymph node metastasis US was 44. 7% ,and CT was 60. 9%. Conclusion Ultrasound and CT in combination on thy-roid carcinoma diagnosis has important value and ultrasound should be used as the preferred method for thyroid-carcinoma.

Key words: 
Thyroid carcinoma; CT scanning;  Ultrasonography; Diagnosis;  Differential diagnosis
Accumulation of positive charges in organic light-emitting diodes with a double-layer structure (1999)

The current–voltage properties of organic light-emitting diodes were analyzed based on the assumptions that: (1) they are determined by the carrier injection processes, and (2) the charges are accumulated near the organic/organic interface. From the results, the amount of accumulated charges was estimated. The amount was also determined from the analyses of transient currents observed by applying pulsed voltage to the devices. By deconvoluting the current components, the discharge of accumulated charges from the bulk of the organic layers was evaluated. The amounts determined by these two methods showed good agreement. All the results indicated that positive charges are accumulated near the organic/organic interface and that the amount increases as the electron injection ability of the cathode is lowered.
Grid-based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Sensor Networks (2008)

Sensor nodes in wireless network have several limitations such as lack of energy resource and network bandwidth. There are many researches to extend lifetime of sensor network and enhance availability. However, most of the previous researches didn't consider the mobile sink node. Those researches aren't suitable in the environment having mobile sinks. In this paper. we propose a scheme that reduces communication overheads and energy consumptions and improves reliability in routing path setup. Proposed scheme has excellent scalability without degrading performance in environment where many sink nodes exist and/or the network size is huge. Proposed scheme saves the energy consumption up to 70% in comparison with the previous grid-based and cluster-based protocol. As a result, proposed scheme increases the lifetime of sensor network and enhances availability of wireless sensor network.
Conjugates of phenylacetic acid with taurine and other amino acids in various species (1971)

10-3min-1 respectively. Thus after five half-lives for the reactions in which compounds (I) and (II) are destroyed only about 45% of the theoretical amount of aspartic acid had been released in each case. Free L-aspartic acid was found to be stable under the conditions employed, both in the presence and the absence of free N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
Community Participation in Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding in Multi-Ethnic and Multi-Religious Settings1 (2013)

This paper is on Nigeria. The countryis bedeviled by different forms of violent conflicts. Most of the problems take place in multi-ethnic and multi-religious settings and the main factors responsible for them include competition for resources, contradicting value systems, psychological needs of individuals and groups, and unhealthy communication systems. The situation is compounded by policy makers who often fail to treat groups equally and respond proactively to the problems associated with diversity. This paper argues that this kind of problem can be reduced through better community participation in development. The paper draws some concrete case studies from Niger State, one of the least developed states in Nigeria.
RPE65 from Cone-dominant Chicken Is a More Efficient Isomerohydrolase Compared with That from Rod-dominant Species (2008)

Cones recover their photosensitivity faster than rods after bleaching. It has been suggested that a higher rate regeneration of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore for visual pigments, is required for cones to continuously function under bright light conditions. RPE65 is the isomerohydrolase catalyzing a key step in regeneration of 11-cis-retinal. The present study investigated whether RPE65 in a cone-dominant species is more efficient in its enzymatic activity than that from roddominant species. In vitro isomerohydrolase activity assay showed that isomerohydrolase activity in the chicken retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was 11.7-fold higher than in the bovine RPE, after normalization by RPE65 protein levels. Similar to that of human and bovine, the isomerohydrolase activity in chicken RPE was blocked by two specific inhibitors of lecithin retinal acyltransferase, indicating that chicken RPE65 also uses all-trans-retinyl ester as the direct substrate. To exclude the possibility that the higher isomerohydrolase activity in the chicken RPE could arise from another unknown isomerohydrolase, we expressed chicken and human RPE65 using the adenovirus system in a stable cell line expressing lecithin retinal acyltransferase. Under the same conditions, isomerohydrolase activity of recombinant chicken RPE65 was 7.7-fold higher than that of recombinant human RPE65, after normalization by RPE65 levels. This study demonstrates that RPE65 from the cone-dominant chicken RPE possesses significantly higher specific retinol isomerohydrolase activity, when compared with RPE65 from rod-dominant species, consistent with the faster regeneration rates of visual pigments in cone-dominant retinas.
A mesoporous aluminium metal–organic framework with 3 nm open pores (2012)

A mesoporous metal–organic framework of [Al(OH)(SDC)] (CYCU-3) (H2SDC = 4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic acid) was synthesised by using Al(III) ions and H2SDC under solvothermal conditions. The structure forms 3D mesoporous frameworks in which the carboxylate oxygen on each terminus of the ligand forms octahedral AlO6 by corner-sharing. As verified by N2 sorption measurements, the CYCU-3 exhibits the largest pore volume and open channels (3.0 nm) in the system of Al-MOFs reported to date. This mesoporous Al-MOF also displays highly porous properties and uptake capacities of H2 (8.22 mmol g−1 at 77 K and 1 atm) and CO2 (2.83 mmol g−1 CO2 at 273 K and 1 atm).
T cell-derived B cell growth and differentiation factors. Dichotomy between the responsiveness of B cells from adult and neonatal mice. (1983)

In these studies we have determined the molecular weights of B cell growth factor (BCGF) (less than 20,000), and B cell differentiation factors (BCDF) that induce immunoglobulin M (IgM) secretion (BCDF mu) (30-60,000) and IgG secretion (BCDF gamma) (less than 20,000). Thus, the molecular weight of BCDF mu is distinct from that of BCGF and BCDF gamma; BCGF and BCDF gamma cannot be distinguished. In addition, BCGF, BCDF mu, and BCDF gamma are distinguishable by their presence or absence in different supernatants from a panel of mitogen-induced T cell clones. These results suggest that the three lymphokines are different. This conclusion is supported by their differential biological effect on B cells from adult and neonatal mice. Thus, treatment with anti-Ig induces B cells from adult mice to proliferate and this proliferation is sustained by BCGF. In contrast, even in the presence of BCGF, anti-Ig does not induce B cells from neonatal mice to proliferate. However, BCDF mu and BCDF gamma induce IgM and IgG secretion in B cells, respectively, from both adult and neonatal mice. Thus, mature B cells can both clonally expand and differentiate in response to anti-Ig, BCGF, and BCDF, whereas immature B cells can only differentiate. The poor response of neonatal B cells to anti-Ig and BCGF may partially explain the relative immunoincompetence of immature B cells.
Structure of the rat gene encoding cholesterol 7.alpha.-hydroxylase (1990)

Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (7 alpha-hydroxylase) is a microsomal cytochrome P-450 that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in bile acid biosynthesis, the major catabolic pathway in cholesterol homeostasis. The gene encoding the rat 7 alpha-hydroxylase has been isolated and characterized. Southern blotting experiments demonstrated that the gene is present in a single copy in the rat genome. DNA sequence analysis showed that the 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene is unique among the characterized cytochrome P-450s in that it contains only six exons. Nuclease S1 and primer-extension mapping experiments positioned the 5'-ends of the 7 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA approximately 20-25 nucleotides downstream of a consensus TATAAA sequence. RNA blotting experiments demonstrated the presence of multiple 7 alpha-hydroxylase mRNAs that differ in the lengths of their 3'-untranslated regions.
A Security Analysis of Honeywords (2018)

Honeywords are decoy passwords associated with each user account, and they contribute a promising approach to detecting password leakage. This approach was first proposed by Juels and Rivest at CCS'13, and has been covered by hundreds of medias and also adopted in various research domains. The idea of honeywords looks deceptively simple, but it is a deep and sophisticated challenge to automatically generate honeywords that are hard to differentiate from real passwords. In Juels-Rivest's work, four main honeyword-generation methods are suggested but only justified by heuristic security arguments.
1/f Noise in (AlGa)As/GaAs Heterostructure Van der Pauw element (1987)

Both the current and Hall terminals of an Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</inf> As/ GaAs heterostructure Van der Pauw element show the pure 1/f noise characteristics without any generation-recombination noise with a difference of 17 dBV/√Hz between them. The noise level across the Hall terminals is equal to that of the thermal noise at about 1 kHz, and the minimum magnetic field is estimated from the Hall terminal noise and the maximum magnetic field sensitivity as about 2 nT.
Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits B16 mouse melanoma cell growth by induction of differentiation. (1995)

DHEA inhibited the growth of B16 mouse melanoma cells by the induction of differentiation, possibly related to PKC upregulation mediated by DHEA receptor.
CNS Synaptogenesis Promoted by Glia-Derived Cholesterol (2001)

The molecular mechanisms controlling synaptogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS) are poorly understood. Previous reports showed that a glia-derived factor strongly promotes synapse development in cultures of purified CNS neurons. Here, we identify this factor as cholesterol complexed to apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins. CNS neurons produce enough cholesterol to survive and grow, but the formation of numerous mature synapses demands additional amounts that must be provided by glia. Thus, the availability of cholesterol appears to limit synapse development. This may explain the delayed onset of CNS synaptogenesis after glia differentiation and neurobehavioral manifestations of defects in cholesterol or lipoprotein homeostasis.
Deuteron-induced fission in uranium and thorium (1941)

Abstract p474 not incr2. recapture.
Performance Comparison of R-PHY and R-MACPHY Modular Cable Access Network Architectures (2017)

Emerging modular cable network architectures distribute some cable headend functions to remote nodes that are located close to the broadcast cable links reaching the cable modems (CMs) in the subscriber homes and businesses. In the remote-PHY (R-PHY) architecture, an R-PHY device conducts the physical layer processing for the analog cable transmissions, while the headend runs the data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS) medium access control (MAC) for the upstream transmissions of the distributed CMs over the shared cable link. In contrast, in the remote MACPHY (R-MACPHY) architecture, an R-MACPHY device (RMD) conducts both the physical and MAC layer processing. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive performance comparison of the R-PHY and R-MACPHY architectures. We first develop analytical delay models for the polling-based MAC with gated bandwidth allocation of Poisson traffic in the R-PHY and R-MACPHY architectures. We then conduct extensive simulations to assess the accuracy of the analytical model and to evaluate the delay-throughput performance of the R-PHY and R-MACPHY architectures for a wide range of deployment and operating scenarios. Our evaluations include long converged interconnect network (CIN) distances between remote nodes and headend, bursty self-similar traffic, and double-phase polling to mask long CIN propagation distances. We find that for long CIN distances above 100 miles, the R-MACPHY architecture achieves significantly shorter mean upstream packet delays than the R-PHY architecture, especially for bursty traffic. Our extensive comparative R-PHY and R-MACPHY evaluation can serve as a basis for the planning of modular broadcast cable based access networks.
Effect of Cream Bases on the Antimicrobial Properties of the Essential Oil of Aframomum meleguata (1991)

The antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of Aframomum meleguata (AMO) and the effect of cream bases on these properties were investigated using both Agar dilution and diffusion methods. The oil was found to be most active against gram positive bacteria with a MIC of 0.001% v/v against S. aureus and B. subtilis. C. albicans was inhibited at 0.5% v/v while Ps. aeruginosa and E. coli were each inhibited by 1.0% v/v. The release rate of the oil from the water soluble cream bases, Cetomacrogol or Aqueous cream was greater than that from the hydrocarbon cream base, oily cream due to the hydrophobicity of the oily cream.
CRF binding protein facilitates the presence of CRF type 2α receptor on the cell surface (2016)

Corticotropin releasing factor binding protein (CRF-BP) was originally recognized as CRF sequestering protein. However, its differential subcellular localization in different brain nuclei suggests that CRF-BP may have additional functions. There is evidence that CRF-BP potentiates CRF and urocortin 1 actions through CRF type 2 receptors (CRF2R). CRF2R is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is found mainly intracellularly as most GPCRs. The access of GPCRs to the cell surface is tightly regulated by escort proteins. We hypothesized that CRF-BP binds to CRF2R, exerting an escort protein role. We analyzed the colocalization of CRF-BP and CRF2R in cultured rat mesencephalic neurons, and the localization and interaction of heterologous expressed CRF-BP and CRF2αR in yeast, human embryonic kidney 293, and rat pheochromocytoma 12 cells. Our results showed that CRF-BP and CRF2R naturally colocalize in the neurites of cultured mesencephalic neurons. Heterologous expression of each protein showed that CRF-BP was localized mainly in secretory granules and CRF2αR in the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, CRF-BP and CRF2αR colocalized when both proteins are coexpressed. Here we show that CRF-BP physically interacts with the CRF2αR but not the CRF2βR isoform, increasing CRF2αR on the cell surface. Thus, CRF-BP emerges as a GPCR escort protein increasing the understanding of GPCR trafficking.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of an Oxalic Acid Amide Library (2004)

Monoamides of oxalic acid are of interest as bioisosteric replacements for phosphate groups in the design of new enzyme inhibitors. Here, we have demonstrated the use of oxalic acid as a linker to the Wang resin to synthesize individual or libraries of phosphate biosteres. The highly reactive resin-bound acid chloride reacts with arylamines to yield resin-bound N-aryloxamic acids (oxanilic acids). This methodology is especially useful for the rapid synthesis of 2-(oxalylamino)benzoic acids (OBAs), because it can be utilized for library synthesis and eliminates the intermediate purification step necessary in solution-phase reactions. The products are cleaved off the resin with trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane in good yields.
Using Double-stranded RNA to Prevent in Vitro and in Vivo Viral Infections by Recombinant Baculovirus (2003)

Introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into a wide variety of cells and organisms results in post-transcriptional depletion of the homologue endogenous mRNA. This well-preserved phenomenon known as RNA interference (RNAi) is present in evolutionarily diverse organisms such as plants, fungi, insects, metazoans, and mammals. Because the identification of the targeted mRNA by the RNAi machinery depends upon Watson-Crick base-pairing interactions, RNAi can be exquisitely specific. We took advantage of this powerful and flexible technique to demonstrate that selective silencing of genes essential for viral propagation prevents in vitro and in vivo viral infection. Using the baculovirus Autographa californica, a rapidly replicating and highly cytolytic double-stranded DNA virus that infects many different insect species, we show for the first time that introduction of dsRNA from gp64 and ie1, two genes essential for baculovirus propagation, results in prevention of viral infection in vitro and in vivo. This is the first report demonstrating the use of RNAi to inhibit a viral infection in animals. This inhibition was specific, because dsRNA from the polyhedrin promoter (used as control) or unrelated dsRNAs did not affect the time course of viral infection. The most relevant consequences from the present study are: 1) RNAi offers a rapid and efficient way to interfere with viral genes to assess the role of specific proteins in viral function and 2) using RNAi to interfere with viral genes essential for cell infection may provide a powerful therapeutic tool for the treatment of viral infections.
Monodisperse F-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Single-Crystal Nanotubes with Amphiphilic Surface Properties (2009)

Uniform F-substituted HAp nanotubes with different aspect ratios and surface properties have been successfully prepared via a hydrothermal synthetic route. A small amount of 3% F doping into HAp can lead to the formation of nanotubes. This study will provide not only novel building blocks for the construction of artificial bones or other composites with novel mechanical properties but also a new strategy for the controlled growth of inorganic nanotubes.
Intersubband electroluminescence in GaAs/AlGaAsquantum cascade structures (1997)

The authors report the first observation of intersubband electroluminescence in GaAs/AlGaAs-based quantum cascade structures. A 100 Å Al0.15Ga0.85As/Al0.4Ga0.6As well is employed to bridge the individual active regions to enhance the overall quantum efficiency, thus greatly simplifying the design and growth of quantum cascade structures.
Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression by growth factors in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (1990)

The aim of this investigation was to study the regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene expression in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Near-confluent cells were deprived of serum for 24 h and then exposed to IGF-I, insulin, serum, basic fibroblast growth factor (basic FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB; consisting of B-chain homodimer) or GH for 24 h. Levels of IGF-I mRNA were measured by solution hybridization. The level of IGF-I mRNA was markedly decreased by 10% (v/v) newborn calf serum (78 +/- 4 (S.E.M.) % decrease), 1 nmol basic FGF/l (53 +/- 8%), and 1 nmol PDGF-BB/l (40 +/- 3%) when measured after 24 h. The effect of PDGF-BB was significant after 6 h and became more marked after 24 h. GH (1 nmol/l or 0.1 mumol/l) or insulin (1 nmol/l) had no effect after 24 h, whereas IGF-I (1 nmol/l) and insulin (10 mumol/l) increased IGF-I mRNA 64 +/- 20% and 46 +/- 14% respectively. The increase caused by IGF-I was demonstrated after 3 h, and was most marked after 24 h. Using Northern blot analysis of cultured aortic smooth muscle cells, IGF-I transcripts of 7.4, 1.7 and 1.1-0.8 kilobases were observed. Exposure of the cells to 10% serum, 1 nmol basic FGF/l or 1 nmol PDGF-BB/l for 48 h increased the cell number by 104 +/- 7%, 64 +/- 3% and 61 +/- 22% respectively, while IGF-I, insulin and GH had little effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Statistical Analysis of Dissymmetry in Volumetric Medical Images (1997)

We present a general method to study the dissymmetry of anatomical structures such as the human brain. Our method relies on the estimate of 3D dissymmetry fields, the use of 3D vector field operators, and T 2 statistics to compute significance maps. We also present a fully automated implementation of this method which relies mainly on the intensive use of a 3D non-rigid inter-patient matching tool. Such a tool is applied successively between the images and their symmetric versions with respect to an arbitrary plane, both to realign the images with respect to the midplane of the subject and to compute a dense 3D dissymmetry map. Inter-patient matching is also used to fuse the data of a population of subjects. We then describe three main application elds: the study of the normal dissymmetry within a given population, the comparison of the dissymmetry between two populations, and the detection of the significant abnormal dissymmetries of a patient with respect to a reference population. Fina...
3′-Deoxy-3′-Hydroxyamino-β-D-Xylofuranosyluracil and Derivatives Thereof (1988)

Abstract The title compound was prepared by reduction of the oxime of the 3′-ketouridine. Condensation with aldehydes gave a series of nitrones whose reduction afforded “second generation” hydroxylamines, some of which showing antiviral activity. The nitroxide free radicals formed upon oxidation of hydroxylamines gave good e.s.r. spectra useful for configurational and conformational assignments.