gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of 2-(4-Pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1 <i>H</i> -benzimidazole (ABT-724), a Dopaminergic Agent with a Novel Mode of Action for the Potential Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (2004)

A new class of agents with potential utility for the treatment of erectile dysfunction has been discovered, guided by the hypothesis that selective D4 agonists are erectogenic but devoid of the side effects typically associated with dopaminergic agents. The lead agent 2-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazole (1, ABT-724) was discovered by optimization of a series of benzimidazole arylpiperazines. This highly selective D4 agonist was found to be very potent and efficacious in vivo, eliciting penile erections in rats at a dose of 0.03 micromol/kg, with a positive response rate of 77% erectile incidence. Even at high doses, it was devoid of side effects in animal models of central nervous system behaviors, emesis, or nausea. The structure-activity relationship of the parent benzimidazole series leading to 1 is described, with the detailed in vitro and in vivo profiles described. Distinctive structural features were discovered that are associated with D4 selective agonism in this series of analogues.
Semantic data placement for power management in archival storage (2010)

Power is the greatest lifetime cost in an archival system, and, as decreasing costs make disks more attractive than tapes, spinning disks account for the majority of power drawn. To reduce this cost, we propose reducing the number of times disks have to spin up by grouping together files such that a typical spin-up handles several file accesses. For a typical system, we show that if only 30% of total accesses occur while disks are still spinning, we can conserve 12% of the power cost. We classify files according to directory structure and see access hit rates of up to 66% for a power savings of up to 52% of the power cost of spinning up for every read in easily-separable workloads.
TrueSkill 2: An improved Bayesian skill rating system (2018)

Online multiplayer games, such as Gears of War and Halo, use skill-based matchmaking to give players fair and enjoyable matches. They depend on a skill rating system to infer accurate player skills from historical data. TrueSkill is a popular and effective skill rating system, working from only the winner and loser of each game. This paper presents an extension to TrueSkill that incorporates additional information that is readily available in online shooters, such as player experience, membership in a squad, the number of kills a player scored, tendency to quit, and skill in other game modes. This extension, which we call TrueSkill2, is shown to significantly improve the accuracy of skill ratings computed from Halo 5 matches.  TrueSkill2 predicts historical match outcomes with 68% accuracy, compared to 52% accuracy for TrueSkill.
Microbiological characterization and probiotic potential of koko and koko sour water, African spontaneously fermented millet porridge and drink (2004)

The present study gives a detailed picture of the taxonomy and diversity of LAB in an African-fermented millet product that may have potential as a probiotic product for the local population. The chemometric tools Principal Component Analysis and anova Partial Least Squares Regression were proven to be useful in the analysis of microbial groupings and associations with specific sites and stages in the production of koko and KSW.
부동산 부실채권의 회수실태에 관한 연구 (2009)

금융기관인 채권자가 자금 등을 제공할 때 채권 회수를 위해 여러 형태로 안전장치를 확보한 후 제공하는 것이 일반적이다. 담보목적물이 부동산인 경우에 그 채무가 불이행상태에 이르면 통상 법원경매를 통해서 채권을 회수하게 된다. 따라서 채권자가 중요시하는 부동산 담보대출의 문제점을 경매결과에서 파악할 수 있을 것이라는 가설을 설정하였다.
이 가설의 검증을...
Corrosion of Polymers and Elastomers (2006)

Corrosion of Polymers and Elastomers provides a detailed examination of the corrosive effects of thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, and elastomeric materials. The book is perfectly suited for specialists interested in the corrosion resistance and mechanisms of these materials. Following a general introduction to the composition, pr
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of new resveratrol analogues as potential anti-cancer agents (2019)

A series of novel resveratrol derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as anti-cancer agents. Most of the compounds showed significant anti-proliferative activities against three human cancer cell lines (HepG2, A549 and Hela). Among these compounds, compound <b>r</b> displayed the most potent inhibitory activity and showed low cytotoxic activity. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle assays demonstrated that compound <b>r</b> significantly induced apoptosis (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and arrested cell cycle at S phase. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis showed compound <b>r</b> disrupted the tubulin network. Docking simulations supported the pharmacological results of compound <b>r</b>. It is believed that this work would be very useful for designing a new series of tubulin inhibitors.
Efficient breakdown voltage doubler for 10 Gbit/s SiGe modulator drivers (2005)

A novel intrinsic collector-base capacitance (CCB) feedback network was incorporated into the series-connected voltage balancing (SCVB) circuit configuration to implement 10 Gbit/s SiGe modulator drivers. The driver fabricated in 0.35 µm SiGe BiCMOS process could output 9 Vpp differential output swing with rise/fall time (20 to 80%) less than 27 ps. Compared with drivers using only SCVB, the power consumption could be greatly reduced from 2 to 1 W.
Luminescent properties of .BETA.-SiAlON:Eu2+ green phosphors synthesized by gas pressured sintering (2008)

β-SiAlON: Eu2+ oxynitride green phosphors with compositions of EuxSi6-zAlzOzN8-z (x=0.0065 -0.0390, z=0.231) were successfully prepared using GPS (gas pressured sintering) method. The phase purity, microstructure, luminescent and thermal quenching properties for the prepared β-SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors were investigated in detail. The prepared β-SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphor samples with Eu2+ doping concentration of x<0.0238 showed pure single β-SiAlON phase. The prepared β-SiAlON: Eu2+ phosphors absorbed UV-visible spectral region, and showed a single intense broadband emission in a range from 525 to 540 nm. The effects of the Eu2+ doping concentration on the optical properties for the β-SiAlON: Eu2+ phosphors were discussed under consideration of concentration quenching. The temperature dependence of photoluminescence (PL) properties was investigated from 25 to 300°C, and the activation energies (ΔE) for thermal quenching of the prepared β-SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors were determined by Arrhenius fitting. The experimental results clearly indicates that the prepared β-SiAlON:Eu2+ has great potentials as a down-conversion green phosphor for white light emitting diodes (LEDs) utilizing near UV or blue LEDs as the primary light source.
A label free exonuclease III-aided fluorescence assay for adenosine triphosphate based on graphene oxide and ligation reaction (2013)

A label free exonuclease III (Exo III)-aided fluorescence assay for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was developed based on the ATP-dependent enzymatic reaction and graphene oxide (GO). This strategy relies on the principle that Exo III shows different cleavage capacity for a DNA substrate in the absence and presence of ATP and the preferential binding of GO to single-stranded DNA over double-stranded one. By combining the unique properties of SYBR Green I and GO adsorption, this sensor displays an improved sensitivity and a wide linear range within the ATP concentration from 1 nM to 200 nM with a low detection limit of 0.2 nM. The proposed method is simple, cost-effective and convenient, which might create a new methodology for developing a sensitive ATP biosensor.
Consideraciones preliminares sobre la incidencia en la Ley de Competencia Desleal del Anteproyecto (1) de Ley que incorpora la Directiva sobre las prácticas comerciales desleales (2) (2008)

El presente articulo analiza la incidencia que tiene sobre los aspectos de Derecho sustantivo de la Ley 3/1991, de 10 de enero, de Competencia Desleal, el «Anteproyecto de Ley por el que se modifica el regimen legal de la competencia desleal para la mejora de la proteccion de los consumidores y usuarios». El Anteproyecto supone la transposicion a nuestro ordenamiento de la Directiva 2005/29/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 11 de mayo de 2005, relativa a las practicas comerciales desleales de las empresas en sus relaciones con los consumidores.
Synthesis of Nanoscale Mesoporous Silica Spheres with Controlled Particle Size (2002)

A simple one-step procedure is described for the synthesis of spherical mesoporous silica, in which the size of the particles is controlled over a range of diameters from 65 to 740 nm by varying the initial silicate/surfactant concentration under dilute conditions. The particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and liquid nitrogen adsorption. Synthesis using a charged template, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, under aqueous conditions yielded particles of irregular spherical shape with highly ordered mesoporous channels. Synthesis under ethanol/water cosolvent conditions yielded smooth spheres with a starburst mesopore structure extending from the center of the particle to the circumference. All materials were thermally stable and exhibited two steps in their liquid nitrogen isotherms corresponding to reversible channel filling and non-reversible adsorption between particles. Mesopore volumes varied from 0.64 to 0.93 cm3 g-1 and surface areas varied from 917 to 1373 m2 g-1. From analysis of mesopore geometry and overall particle shape a three-stage mechanism for synthesis is proposed.
Mass spectra of diverse organic species utilizing the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) microplasma ionization source (2015)

The ability to generate molecular mass spectra is demonstrated for the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD).
Spectral polarization of clear and hazy coastal skies (2012)

Linear polarization of the clear daytime sky has often been measured as a spectrally integrated or quasi-monochromatic variable, but seldom as a spectral one. So we use a hyperspectral imaging system to measure skylight polarization at high spectral and angular resolutions for clear and hazy skies at our coastal site. The resulting polarization maps and spectra exhibit both commonalities and differences that seem unexplained by an existing polarized radiative transfer model. Comparing the measured polarization spectra with those predicted by aerosol single scattering suggests some basic verisimilitude tests for improving such models.
Absolute density measurement of cyanogen fluoride in CHF3/N2 electron cyclotron resonance plasma using infrared diode laser absorption spectroscopy (1997)

The absolute density of the cyanogen fluoride (FCN) molecule has been measured in a CHF3/N2 electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) plasma using infrared diode laser absorption spectroscopy. The R(22) rotational-vibrational line at 1060.340 cm−1 in the ν1 fundamental of F19C12N14 was used for the spectroscopy. The extinction process of FCN in the afterglow was discussed on the basis of the decay rate after discharge termination. Moreover, the absolute FCN density in a CHF3 ECR plasma during etching of silicon nitride has been calculated on the basis of the data shown in our previous study [K. Miyata et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 15, 568 (1997)]. It was found that approximately 10% of nitrogen atoms coming from silicon nitride formed FCN.
Fermentation performance of a recombinant lactose-consuming flocculating Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (2005)

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in bioreactors utilizing immobilized or flocculating cells in continuous process in order to improve the bioprocess productivity. One of possible promising implementations of continuous flocculation yeast system is bioremediation of cheese whey by means of alcoholic fermentation of lactose. The aim of this work was to carry out a kinetic analysis of alcoholic fermentation of lactose using strain NCYC869-A3/T1, a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae flocculent strain expressing both the LAC4 (coding for b-galactosidase) and LAC12 (lactose permease) genes of Kluyveromyces lactis. Fermentations were performed in a 600 mL bubble column bioreactor, with different initial lactose concentrations. The lactose was completely consumed in all the fermentations. The maximum specific growth rate was found to increase with initial lactose concentration, reaching its maximum at 20 g L-1 initial lactose (doubling time of about 2 h). At higher initial lactose concentrations, specific growth rate decreased, indicating that the effect of substrate inhibition had become significant. The maximum ethanol concentration produced increased linearly when the initial lactose concentration was increased between 5 and 200 g L-1. However, the ethanol yields obtained were low (45 60% of the theoretical value), probably because of the high aeration rates used. In shake-flask fermentations, in conditions of micro aeration, the yeast was unable to completely consume 200 g L-1 initial lactose, producing a maximum of 57 g L-1 ethanol (which is about the same concentration produced in the bioreactor from complete consumption of 200 g L-1 lactose). Probably, the yeast has low ethanol tolerance and the ethanol produced inhibits further lactose fermentation. Ethanol productivity increased with increasing initial lactose concentration up to 150 g L-1 (1.23 g L-1 h-1). Further increase in initial lactose to 200 g L-1 led to a slight decrease in ethanol productivity.
The breast cancer gene product TSG101: a regulator of ubiquitination? (1997)

Sequence analysis is a powerful tool to obtain structural and functional information about genes and their products. Here we show that TSG101, a gene subjected to somatic mutations in breast cancer, contains an amino terminal domain that is a homologue of ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (UBCs) and not, as previously proposed, DNA-binding domains. As the UBC active site residue is replaced in the TSG101 sequence in a similar manner to several other members of the UBC family, we propose a role for TSG101 in regulating the ubiquitination of short-lived gene products.
Nitric Oxide Signaling in<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Biofilms Mediates Phosphodiesterase Activity, Decreased Cyclic Di-GMP Levels, and Enhanced Dispersal (2009)

Bacteria in biofilms often undergo active dispersal events and revert to a free-swimming, planktonic state to complete the biofilm life cycle. The signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) was previously found to trigger biofilm dispersal in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa at low, nontoxic concentrations (N. Barraud, D. J. Hassett, S. H. Hwang, S. A. Rice, S. Kjelleberg, and J. S. Webb, J. Bacteriol. 188:7344-7353, 2006). NO was further shown to increase cell motility and susceptibility to antimicrobials. Recently, numerous studies revealed that increased degradation of the secondary messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) by specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs) triggers a planktonic mode of growth in eubacteria. In this study, the potential link between NO and c-di-GMP signaling was investigated by performing (i) PDE inhibitor studies, (ii) enzymatic assays to measure PDE activity, and (iii) direct quantification of intracellular c-di-GMP levels. The results suggest a role for c-di-GMP signaling in triggering the biofilm dispersal event induced by NO, as dispersal requires PDE activity and addition of NO stimulates PDE and induces the concomitant decrease in intracellular c-di-GMP levels in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, gene expression studies indicated global responses to low, nontoxic levels of NO in P. aeruginosa biofilms, including upregulation of genes involved in motility and energy metabolism and downregulation of adhesins and virulence factors. Finally, site-directed mutagenesis of candidate genes and physiological characterization of the corresponding mutant strains uncovered that the chemotaxis transducer BdlA is involved in the biofilm dispersal response induced by NO.
Surgical Technique for the Implantation of Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts and Subsequent <em>In Vivo </em>Monitoring (2015)

The development of Tissue Engineered Vessels (TEVs) is advanced by the ability to routinely and effectively implant TEVs (4-5 mm in diameter) into a large animal model. A step by-step protocol for inter-positional placement of the TEV and real-time digital assessment of the TEV and native carotid arteries is described here. In vivo monitoring is made possible by the implantation of flow probes, catheters and ultrasonic crystals (capable of recording dynamic diameter changes of implanted TEVs and native carotid arteries) at the time of surgery. Once implanted, researchers can calculate arterial blood flow patterns, invasive blood pressure and artery diameter yielding parameters such as pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, pulse pressures and compliance. Data acquisition is accomplished using a single computer program for analysis throughout the duration of the experiment. Such invaluable data provides insight into TEV matrix remodeling, its resemblance to native/sham controls and overall TEV performance in vivo.
Early Events of Citrus Greening (Huanglongbing) Disease Development at the Ultrastructural Level (2010)

Citrus greening (Huanglongbing [HLB]) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. The causal agent of HLB in Florida is thought to be 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'. Understanding of the early events in HLB infection is critical for the development of effective measures to control the disease. In this work, we conducted cytopathological studies by following the development of the disease in citrus trees graft inoculated with 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-containing material under greenhouse conditions to examine the correlation between ultrastructural changes and symptom production, with the main objective of characterizing the early events of infection. Based on our observations, one of the first degenerative changes induced upon invasion of the pathogen appears to be swelling of middle lamella between cell walls surrounding sieve elements. This anatomical aberration was often observed in samples from newly growing flushes in inoculated sweet orange and grapefruit trees at the early "presymptomatic" stage of HLB infection. Development of symptoms and their progression correlated with an increasing degree of microscopic aberrations. Remarkably, the ability to observe the bacterium in the infected tissue also correlated with the degree of the disease progression. Large numbers of bacterial cells were found in phloem sieve tubes in tissue samples from presymptomatic young flushes. In contrast, we did not observe the bacteria in highly symptomatic leaf samples, suggesting a possibility that, at more advanced stages of the disease, a major proportion of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' is present in a nonviable state. We trust that observations reported here advance our understanding of how 'Ca. L. asiaticus' causes disease. Furthermore, they may be an important aid in answering a question: when and where within an infected tree the tissue serves as a better inoculum source for acquisition and transmission of the bacterium by its psyllid vector.
Determination of VIS- NIR absorption coefficients of mammalian fat, with time- and spatially resolved diffuse reflectance and transmission spectroscopy (2004)

The objective is derived from the need for a reliable absorption spectrum of lipids for component analysis of in vivo tissue spectra. NIR in vivo spectroscopy enables to derive the concentration of the key tissue constituents absorbing in the 600-1100 nm range, that is oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, water and lipids. Yet, although the first three constituents are already well characterized in literature, quite few data are available on mammalian lipids. In the present proceeding we report the absorption spectrum of a clear purified oil obtained from pig lard. Absorption coefficients were measured with time- and spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy techniques. At temperatures of 37°C and higher it is a clear transparent liquid thus suitable for collimated transmission measurements. In total three independent measurement techniques were employed to determine the absorption coefficients of mammalian lipids.
Cytoskeletal movements and substrate interactions during initiation of neurite outgrowth by sympathetic neurons in vitro (1994)

The initial outgrowth of neurites from chick sympathetic neurons grown in vitro was investigated by time-lapse microscopy with laser-scanning and conventional light microscopes. Video-enhanced contrast, differential interference contrast optics (VECDIC) were used to monitor movements of neuronal cytoplasm, as well as the movements of small beads attached to the surface membrane, and interference reflection microscopy (IRM) was used to determine the concomitant pattern of attachment to the growth substrate (polyornithine or laminin). Related changes in the distributions of actin filaments, microtubules, and neurofilaments were determined by fluorescence labeling methods. Neurite formation on both substrates entailed invasion of the actin cores of filopodia by cytoplasm containing microtubules and neurofilaments. Small beads attached to the surface membrane surrounding the cytoplasm moved outward simultaneously with the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm invaded filopodia of neurons plated on laminin soon after attachment to the substrate or, for neurons generated in vitro, within as little as 3 min after cytokinesis. However, cytoplasm invaded filopodia of neurons grown on polyornithine only when they contacted a three-dimensional object such as another cell or a large, polyornithine-coated polystyrene bead. The observation that adhesion of filopodia to polyornithine-coated beads can initiate neurite formation is inconsistent with the commonly held view that neurite formation requires adhesion mediated by specific cell adhesion molecules. Simultaneous IRM and DIC imaging showed that cytoplasm invaded filopodia when only their tips were closely apposed to a substrate but not when they were closely apposed to a substrate along their entire lengths. These findings help to elucidate the mechanisms by which interactions between the cytoskeleton and the growth substrate initiate and produce the neuronal movements that lead to the formation of neurites.
Review of laser welding monitoring (2013)

Laser welding, as a highly efficient processing technology, has been widely applied to manufacturing industry. This paper makes an overview on real time monitoring of laser welding. It begins with a detailed introduction to six typical sensors (photodiode, visual, spectrometer, acoustical sensor, pyrometer, plasma charge sensor) in laser welding detection. Then it makes a review on multi-sensor fusion technology in both laser welding monitoring and adaptive control. Last, subjects for future research concerning welding monitoring and control have been proposed. The paper concludes that the real-time monitoring of laser welding can provide a great amount of valid information about welding status to help effectively identify weld defects and realize adaptive control.
Precise notation for business rules templates (2006)

Templates are a popular way of knowledge representation. It already has showed its effectiveness in information extraction and ontology axioms specification. Ability to create templates can help enforce the consistent deployment of rules across different business scenarios, applications, projects and business units. Templates allow end users to modify or create rules within a strict set of constraints appropriate to satisfying different user requirements, application functionality, and security concerns. In this paper templates with unambiguously defined structure are applied for the specification of business rules in the business society. The purpose of this paper is to describe business rules templates metamodel, precise notation and process of creating business rules from templates