gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vapochromic Luminescence of a Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework for Sensing Applications (2016)

For the integration of responsive molecular units into chemically stable metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), the luminescent ligand 9‐fluoreneone‐2,7‐dicarboxylic acid (H 2 FDC) was utilised in a reaction with Zr 4+ . The resulting framework has fcu topology and is permanently porous with a BET surface area of 1428 m 2 g –1 . The MOF shows guest‐responsive fluorescent properties and is therefore suitable for application in sensing of solvent vapours. Saturated vapours of non‐polar aromatic and non‐aromatic compounds can be distinguished on the basis of their shifts in the fluorescence emission peak. Polar solvents are also distinguishable, whereas aprotic solvents induce a hypsochromic and protic solvents a bathochromic shift. Furthermore, different alcohols can be distinguished from each other. In the case of water, the significant dependence of the emission wavelength on the concentration demonstrates the potential of the MOF as a humidity sensor.
Long Text Generation via Adversarial Training with Leaked Information (2017)

Automatically generating coherent and semantically meaningful text has many applications in machine translation, dialogue systems, image captioning, etc. Recently, by combining with policy gradient, Generative Adversarial Nets (GAN) that use a discriminative model to guide the training of the generative model as a reinforcement learning policy has shown promising results in text generation. However, the scalar guiding signal is only available after the entire text has been generated and lacks intermediate information about text structure during the generative process. As such, it limits its success when the length of the generated text samples is long (more than 20 words). In this paper, we propose a new framework, called LeakGAN, to address the problem for long text generation. We allow the discriminative net to leak its own high-level extracted features to the generative net to further help the guidance. The generator incorporates such informative signals into all generation steps through an additional Manager module, which takes the extracted features of current generated words and outputs a latent vector to guide the Worker module for next-word generation. Our extensive experiments on synthetic data and various real-world tasks with Turing test demonstrate that LeakGAN is highly effective in long text generation and also improves the performance in short text generation scenarios. More importantly, without any supervision, LeakGAN would be able to implicitly learn sentence structures only through the interaction between Manager and Worker.
Separating Facts from Fiction: Linguistic Models to Classify Suspicious and Trusted News Posts on Twitter (2017)

Pew research polls report 62 percent of U.S. adults get news on social media In a December poll, 64 percent of U.S. adults said that "made-up news" has caused a "great deal of confusion" about the facts of current events Fabricated stories in social media, ranging from deliberate propaganda to hoaxes and satire, contributes to this confusion in addition to having serious effects on global stability.
Chemistry of Durable and Regenerable Biocidal Textiles (2005)

Unlike the widely used slow-releasing biocidal mechanism now employed in biocidal textiles, a novel regenerable process, based on a regeneration principle and halamine chemistry, has been developed in antimicrobial finishing of textiles. Halamine-modified textile materials demonstrate durable and regenerable antimicrobial functions and execute rapid inactivation of a broad spectrum of microorganisms by contact without yielding drug resistance. The unique properties of the products render them useful materials for medical-use and hygienic textiles. The chemistry of the biocidal materials is be discussed.
Low Seroprevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies Targeting Two Clade F AAV in Humans (2018)

To assess the therapeutic utility of AAVHSC15 and AAVHSC17, two recently described Clade F adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to these AAVs was assessed in a representative human population and compared to that of AAV9. NAb levels were measured in 100 unique human sera of different races (34, Black, 33 Caucasian, and 33 Hispanic) and sex (49% female, 51% male) collected within the United States. Fifty-six sera were tested in Huh7 cells and 44 sera were tested in 2V6.11 cells with vectors packaged with either a CMV-promoter upstream of LacZ or a CBA-promoter upstream of Firefly Luciferase, respectively. For AAVHSC15, AAVHSC17, and AAV9, 24/100 (24%), 21/100 (21%), and 17/100 (17%), respectively, of all sera tested were seropositive for NAbs using 50% inhibition of cellular transduction at a 1/16 dilution of serum as cutoff for seropositivity. Only 6% of positive sera had titers of 1/150 to 1/340, indicating that the majority of positive sera were of low titer. Significant cross-reactivity of NAbs across all three AAV serotypes was observed. These data show that approximately 80% of humans evaluated were seronegative for pre-existing NAbs to the AAV serotypes tested, suggesting that the vast majority of human subjects would be amenable to therapeutic intervention with Clade F AAVs.
CD4<b>+</b>CD25<b>+</b> regulatory T cells inhibit natural killer cell functions in a transforming growth factor–β–dependent manner (2005)

Tumor growth promotes the expansion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (T reg) cells that counteract T cell-mediated immune responses. An inverse correlation between natural killer (NK) cell activation and T reg cell expansion in tumor-bearing patients, shown here, prompted us to address the role of T reg cells in controlling innate antitumor immunity. Our experiments indicate that human T reg cells expressed membrane-bound transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, which directly inhibited NK cell effector functions and down-regulated NKG2D receptors on the NK cell surface. Adoptive transfer of wild-type T reg cells but not TGF-beta-/- T reg cells into nude mice suppressed NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, reduced NKG2D receptor expression, and accelerated the growth of tumors that are normally controlled by NK cells. Conversely, the depletion of mouse T reg cells exacerbated NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity in vivo. Human NK cell-mediated tumor recognition could also be restored by depletion of T reg cells from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. These findings support a role for T reg cells in blunting the NK cell arm of the innate immune system.
OP△T and OT△T Trip Setpoint Generation Methodology (1984)

Core safety limits define reactor operating conditions and parameters that will assure fuel rod and reactor system's integrity. Limiting safety system settings (LSSS) programmed into reactor protection system (RPS) then ensure a rapid reactor trip to prevent or suppress conditions which might violate the core safety limits. Generation of the LSSS must properly take into account uncertainties in both calculated and measured parameters in order to assure, with an appropriate degree of confidence, that the RPS will protect the core safety limits. Reviewed in this report are Westinghouse RPS setpoint generation philosophy, methodology of safety limit development and LSSS generation procedure. The Westinghouse RPS trip setpoint generation methodology has been established based on the calculation of core safety limits and the selection of LSSS allowing appropriate uncertainties in a conservative manner. Such conservative values of setpoint assure a high degree of core protection against fuel melting and occurrence of DNB.
Micromechanical gain slope compensator for spectrally linear optical power equalization (2000)

We present a device which produces changes in the slope of its transmitted spectra via an applied bias, a spectrally linear optical power equalizer (SLOPE) device. This device may have application for equalizing power levels in optical networks when simple gain tilt is all that is required, for example in optical power amplifiers.
Cardiac mitochondria in heart failure: decrease in respirasomes and oxidative phosphorylation (2008)

We propose that the mitochondrial defect lies in the supermolecular assembly rather than in the individual components of the ETC.
Chasing Noise (2010)

We present a simple model in which rational but uninformed traders occasionally chase noise as if it were information, thereby amplifying sentiment shocks and moving prices away from fundamental values. We fill a theoretical gap in the literature by showing conditions under which noise traders can have an impact on market equilibrium disproportionate to their size in the market. The model offers a partial explanation for the surprisingly low market price of financial risk in the Spring of 2007.
Transcranial Electric Stimulation Entrains Cortical Neuronal Populations in Rats (2010)

Low intensity electric fields have been suggested to affect the ongoing neuronal activity in vitro and in human studies. However, the physiological mechanism of how weak electrical fields affect and interact with intact brain activity is not well understood. We performed in vivo extracellular and intracellular recordings from the neocortex and hippocampus of anesthetized rats and extracellular recordings in behaving rats. Electric fields were generated by sinusoid patterns at slow frequency (0.8, 1.25 or 1.7 Hz) via electrodes placed on the surface of the skull or the dura. Transcranial electric stimulation (TES) reliably entrained neurons in widespread cortical areas, including the hippocampus. The percentage of TES phase-locked neurons increased with stimulus intensity and depended on the behavioral state of the animal. TES-induced voltage gradient, as low as 1 mV/mm at the recording sites, was sufficient to phase-bias neuronal spiking. Intracellular recordings showed that both spiking and subthreshold activity were under the combined influence of TES forced fields and network activity. We suggest that TES in chronic preparations may be used for experimental and therapeutic control of brain activity.
AN ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS STRATEGY TO INCREASESUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVENESS IN STREET VENDORS (STUDIES IN MANG UDIN ICE BUSINESS IN BANDAR LAMPUNG) (2016)

Street Vendors is one small business that is growing rapidly in Bandar Lampung. One of them is the Mang Udin Ice business located in front of Pasar Mangga Dua Bandar Lampung.The formulation of the problems of this study are: Business strategy what can be done to increase sustainable competitiveness?The purpose of this study was to determine the business strategy of what can be done to increase sustainable competitiveness.This study used a qualitative descriptive method by using primary and secondary data; and data collection techniques by observation, interviews, documentation and questionnaires; as well as qualitative analysis method by SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities And Threats). Based on the analysis diagram Cartesian SWOT obtainedMang Udin Ice Business located in Quadrant I, business strategies can be implemented to increase sustainable competitiveness is the generic strategies are: Cost Advantage Strategy (buy raw materials in large quantities and reduce the cost of labor),Differentiation Strategy (multiply choice pruduk and increase product quality, adding a type of food products, open new business branches and do joint ventures), Focus Strategy (maintain the quality products and always maintain the cleanliness).Based on the analysis Strategic SWOT matrix, the highest scores were effective to increase sustainable competitiveness is Strength OpportunityStrategy (SO) with a score of 3.07, followed successively by Weakness Opportunity Strategy (WO) with a score of 2.57, Strength Threats Strategy(ST) with a score of 2.02 and Weakness ThreatsStrategy (WT) with a score of 1.52. Business strategy that can be performed on SO are: increase the quality of products that are superior to the competitors, increase product choice, keep clean; the WO are: increase the choice of products, open new business branches, add facilities (seating), and increase the number of workers who can be trusted; in ST are: increase the quality of products that are superior to the competitors, always maintain cleanliness and to reassess the business; and the WT are: product innovation in order to increase the variety and quality of products, as well as doing a good joint venture with the owners of capital or other business.
Derivations from Banach function algebras (2004)

We study the structure of derivations D : AlgA C [X] → A, where A is a function algebra defined on a compact subset of C such that A contains C [X]. We show that, under certain conditions on the algebra A, all such derivations are zero. We give examples to show the necessity of these conditions.
A Novel and Robust Packaging Technology for Miniaturized FET-Based Biosensors with Microfluidic Channels (2016)

FET devices are extensively used for sensors, including gas sensors and biosensors. In contrast to traditional resistive devices, FET has transconductance gain, which can significantly improve the S/N ratio. Recently, more applications in biosensors combine microfluidic channels and FET system. In FET-based biosensors, the wafer manufacturing process always requires a lot of cost, and it is used for metal lines as interconnects. Miniaturized chip plays a key role in reducing the manufacturing cost. However, simultaneously integrating the sensor and microfluidic channels on one chip is challenging. In this study, a novel and robust packaging method has been developed, to effectively reduce the size of the sensor chip and thereby the cost. 1 mm 2 FET sensor chip has been fabricated and embedded in epoxy. Photolithography and metal deposition were done followed by lift-off process for metal interconnect. The FET-embedded chip was passivated and covered by the microfluidic channel made of PMMA.
THE PITUITARY GLAND OF THE AFRICAN LUNGFISH, PROTOPTERUS AETHIOPICUS (1940)

This study is based on two male specimens, 14 inches long. The flattened pituitary gland lies close to the brain and is located caudally to the infundibulum. There is no sella turcica in the cranial floor. In a ventral view of the brain only the infundibular process and the flattened ovoid pars anterior are visible. The infundibular process is wide and thin-walled except in a median ventro-caudal region applied to the pars intermedia, where a considerable thickening occurs. The epithelial portion of the gland possesses a conspicuous hypophysial cavity which almost completely separates an antero-dorsal intermediate zone from a more elongated ventro-caudal pars distalis. The pars intermedia is composed of open or losed epithelial diverticula which are associated with the hypophysial cavity and are interdigitated with the compact fibrous portion of the infundibular process. The pars distalis is composed of cords of epithelial cells. The majority of the intermedia cells are basophilic but a number of cells reacting with orange G are present, especially in the region immediately in contact with the neural tissue. In the pars distalis chromophobes are rarely seen. After Heidenhain's azan method three types of chromophilic cells may be distinguished, deeply staining basophiles, acidophiles selectively stained with orange G and acidophiles reacting with azocarmine. There is no pars tuberalis or saccus vasculosus.
Synthesis and processing of glycoprotein gG of herpes simplex virus type 2 (1985)

Monoclonal antibody 13 alpha C5-1-A11 immunoprecipitated two major polypeptides of molecular weights 108,000 and 120,000 from extracts of herpes simplex virus type 2-infected BHK-21 cells labeled with [35S]methionine or [3H]glucosamine. In pulse-chase experiments, both labels were chased from the 120,000-molecular-weight peptide (120K peptide) into the 108K molecule. Endoglycosidase H (endo H) reduced the 120K peptide to a 112K peptide but did not affect the 108K peptide. Similar profiles were obtained with monoclonal antibody AP-1 which reacts with a 92K glycoprotein, gG, which maps to the short unique region of the genome. Cross-absorption experiments indicated that both antibodies reacted with the same peptides, suggesting that the 120K peptide is a partially glycosylated high-mannose-type precursor of gG (pgG1). Immunoprecipitation from monensin-treated cells indicated that pgG1(120K) may undergo peptide cleavage to form a 74K high-mannose-type peptide (pgG2) and that this 74K peptide may be further processed into an endo H-resistant 110K to 116K peptide. In the presence of tunicamycin, gG(108K) was replaced by 110K and 105K peptides which were resistant to both endo H and endoglycosidase F. The 105K peptide was the only molecule labeled by [3H]galactose or [3H]glucosamine in the presence of tunicamycin, and none of the peptides were labeled with [3H]mannose, indicating the probable presence of O-linked sugars in the 105K peptide. Our results imply that cotranslational glycosylation of the unglycosylated precursor 110K peptide results in the high-mannose-type pgG1(120K), which probably undergoes peptide cleavage. This putative cleavage product may then mature into gG (108K) by the trimming of sugars and the addition of complex and probably O-linked sugars; the high-mannose-type pgG2(74K) is probably an intermediate peptide formed in this process.
Gender Prediction on Twitter Using Stream Algorithms with N-Gram Character Features (2012)

The rapid growth of social networks has produced an unprecedented amount of user-generated data, which provides an excellent opportunity for text mining. Authorship analysis, an important part of text mining, attempts to learn about the author of the text through subtle variations in the writing styles that occur between gender, age and social groups. Such information has a variety of applications including advertising and law enforcement. One of the most accessible sources of user-generated data is Twitter, which makes the majority of its user data freely available through its data access API. In this study we seek to identify the gender of users on Twitter using Perceptron and Nai ve Bayes with selected 1 through 5-gram features from tweet text. Stream applications of these algorithms were employed for gender prediction to handle the speed and volume of tweet traffic. Because informal text, such as tweets, cannot be easily evaluated using traditional dictionary methods, n-gram features were implemented in this study to represent streaming tweets. The large number of 1 through 5-grams requires that only a subset of them be used in gender classification, for this reason informative n-gram features were chosen using multiple selection algorithms. In the best case the Naive Bayes and Perceptron algorithms produced accuracy, balanced accuracy, and F-measure above 99%.
Sharing systems for future HiFi systems (2004)

The modern audio compression techniques and increased bandwidth in the Internet has dramatically changed the music industry. Music in the 19th century was a service. In the 20th century music became an industrial product. In the 21st century music will be a service again. Illegal sharing services like KaZaA are widely spread. Legal online music services like iTunes from Apple or Napster 2 from Roxio already have been started successfully. Using these systems PC users have access to a huge music database. In contrast to this users of home HiFi systems still miss such online services. The authors give an impression of the future HiFi system they dream of. Like a modern PC the dreamed system, which is currently under development has Internet access and operates with a hard disk. Unlike a PC the HiFi system has a simple user interface. The connection of HiFi system to a special peer-to-peer network provides easy browsing through numerous music titles. The introduced automatic mode allows the user to listen to his favorite music with a one button interaction. Technologies like audio fingerprinting and melody transcription are necessary for future HiFi systems. Some other technologies like recommendation engines and light weighted digital rights management systems are currently under development. The core component of the HiFi system is the content manager. It tries to match the user profile with other existing profiles to send song requests to the connected peer-to-peer network automatically. The described system is closely related to a European research project called semantic HiFi, which is lead by the famous music/acoustic research institute IRCAM. The sharing system is the main contribution of Fraunhofer lDMTand 4FriendsOnly.com AG.
Damage-free wafer cleaning by water and gas mixture jet (2005)

A damage-free single wafer cleaning method using a water and gas mixture jet (two-fluid jet) has been developed. It was confirmed that the combination cleaning process of the two-fluid jet and APM (NH/sub 4/OH/H/sub 2/O/sub 2//DIW) dispense showed higher cleaning performance than that of conventional batch-type APM cleaning for 65 nm gate patterns. The cleaning performance of the two-fluid jet was improved by adjusting the velocity distribution of water droplets. Two-fluid jet cleaning can also be applied to Cu interconnects processes.
[Function of the microcirculatory system during the long-term regression of the early stages of atherogenesis]. (1988)

Lipid metabolism, intestinal mesentery microcirculatory bed (MCB) and erythrocyte (E) morphology in arterial and venous blood were studied in rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis (the model of N. N. Anichkov) and its spontaneous regression. The interrelation was determined between lipid metabolism (LM), MCB structural and functional disorders and anomalous E form appearance, and to a lesser extent the atheromatosis of the aorta. Microcirculatory (MC) disorders disappeared 12 months later in the regression of the early stages of atherogenesis (after 2 months of diet). The generalized character of MC disorders in LM suggests the existence of a trend towards MC reconstitution in prolonged regression in different organs and tissues. Thus, LM correction at the early stages of the pathological process can be accompanied by the disappearance of MC disorders, which seems important for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
6.8 mW 15 dBm IIP3 CMOS common‐gate LNA employing post‐linearisation technique (2014)

A linearised differential common‐gate CMOS low‐noise amplifier (LNA) is proposed. The linearity is improved by a cross‐coupled post‐distortion technique, employing PMOS in a weak inversion region as an auxiliary field effect transistor to cancel the third‐order nonlinear currents of a common‐gate LNA and impair the related second‐order nonlinear currents. Meanwhile, the resulting noise figure is little affected. The LNA implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology demonstrates that IIP3 and gain have about 8.2 and 1.5 dB improvements in the designed frequency band, respectively. A NF of 3.4 dB is obtained with a power dissipation of 6.8 mW under a 1.8 V power supply.
Early [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography at Two Days of Gefitinib Treatment Predicts Clinical Outcome in Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Lung (2011)

Early assessment of [(18)F]FDG tumor uptake with PET at 2 days of gefitinib treatment could be useful to predict clinical outcome earlier than conventional CT evaluation in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.