gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Course of Tardive Dyskinesia in Patients on Long-Term Neuroleptics (1989)

Results are presented of five consecutive annual examinations using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale for 101 community-based chronic psychiatric patients. These 101 patients had a history of longer and more consistent neuroleptic treatment than the 231 patients who initially entered the study, so no conclusions about prevalence of TD can be drawn. At each examination two-thirds of this group showed signs of TD; however, only 45% were TD positive at most examinations and 24% were best described as having fluctuating TD status. Of those patients who were consistently TD positive, 82% showed no overall significant change in summed AIMS scores, 11% improved and 7% became worse.
Synthesis of Luminescent N-Arylcarbazoles by Copper Bronze-Mediated Reaction (2004)

A copper bronze-mediated carbazole arylation reaction under mild reaction conditions is reported. Yields of 9-arylcarbazoles achieved are nearly quantitative and almost independent of the nature of the substitution on the carbazole or the aryl halide. A series of 9-arylcarbazole derivatives have been synthesised and their luminescence studied. Keywords: 9-arylcarbazole, arylation, copper-bronze catalysis, semiempirical calculations, luminescence
DDAS: Distance and direction awareness system for intelligent vehicles (2007)

Wireless technology has been widely used for applications of wireless Internet access. With the matured wireless transmission technology, the new demand on wireless applications is toward the concept of deploying wireless devices on transportation systems such as buses, trains and vehicles. Statistics of car accident cases show that car accidents are often caused from drivers unnoticing other approaching cars during driving. Without the assistants of automotive personal computer system (also called as Auto PC), during high-speed moving, driver always counts on himself/herself to look for all vehicles around him/her via limited vision and acoustic recognition. In case that the Auto PC is able to provide useful surrounding information, such as the directions and distances to nearby vehicles, to drivers, unnecessary collisions could be obviously avoided, especially in cases of changing lane, crossing intersection and making a turn. In this paper, we will introduce the concept of automatic distance and direction awareness system (DDAS) and describe the designed embedded DDAS integrated with three-wheel and four-wheel robot cars.
A low-complexity calibration algorithm for current steering DACs (2005)

The paper presents one possible way of improving both the static and dynamic performance of a current steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) by calibrating the current sources in the matrix. The method uses a successive approximation register (SAR) and a high resolution current comparator. The current through the least significant bit (LSB) section sets the current of a reference generator which is then used to calibrate the matrix. To avoid the need to subtract current in the process of calibration, the LSB section is purposefully oversized with respect to the MSB section. This greatly simplifies the implementation of the current generation circuitry. The fractional calibration currents are commutated by turning off the respective cascode transistors. As the calibration is intended to take place on command, in order to compensate for temperature and component parameter drift, a dedicated signal is provided to trigger the calibration process. When the cycle is completed, an "end of conversion" flag is raised, allowing an easy feedback control of the DAC by an external monitoring system. The paper shows that it is possible to allow a large mismatch of the matrix transistors and still achieve good linearity. Because of the reduced size, dynamic behaviour can be improved as well. Schematic solutions for the main building blocks and simulation results are also presented.
Hereditary ovarian cancer: a dilemma in prognosis. (1992)

Five women in three generations developed ovarian cancer. We closely monitored 36 descendent women in this family who were at high risk for developing this disease. Prophylactic oophorectomy is considered the optimal way to prevent the development of ovarian cancer. In the light of the young age of the women at risk and their strong objection to oophorectomy, we closely monitored the examinees for early signs of cancer for more than 5 years. None of them developed cancer. The dilemma in treatment of women at risk is discussed.
Identification of a repeated epitope recognized by human serum antibodies in a surface protein antigen of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (1996)

This study determined the antigen determinants of a 190-kDa protein antigen of Streptococcus mutans that is involved in the initial attachment to the tooth surface. In 5 subjects, the reactivities of serum antibodies to 7 overlapping surface protein antigen fragments covering the entire antigen molecule and 19 sequential overlapping synthetic 19-mer peptides covering the entire A-region of the surface protein antigen were examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study showed that the A-region of the antigen is strongly immunogenic in humans and contains several widely distributed epitopes. In addition, an amino acid sequence of the one of dominant epitopes in a certain subject was identified as LTAENTAI with ELISA inhibition assays using the relevant truncated peptides. This epitope was located both at the positions from L-346 to I-364 and L-430 to E-437 of the antigen molecule, and serum antibodies against the epitope were found in 3 of the 5 subjects.
Electrochemical, spectroscopic and theoretical studies of a simple bifunctional cobalt corrole catalyst for oxygen evolution and hydrogen production (2013)

Six cobalt and manganese corrole complexes were synthesized and examined as single-site catalysts for water splitting. The simple cobalt corrole [Co(tpfc)(py)2] (1, tpfc = 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole, py = pyridine) catalyzed both water oxidation and proton reduction efficiently. By coating complex 1 onto indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, the turnover frequency for electrocatalytic water oxidation was 0.20 s(−1) at 1.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, pH = 7), and it was 1010 s(−1) for proton reduction at −1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, pH = 0.5). The stability of 1 for catalytic oxygen evolution and hydrogen production was evaluated by electrochemical, UV-vis and mass measurements, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), which confirmed that 1 was the real molecular catalyst. Titration and UV-vis experiments showed that the pyridine group on Co dissociated at the beginning of catalysis, which was critical to subsequent activation of water. A proton-coupled electron transfer process was involved based on the pH dependence of the water oxidation reaction catalyzed by 1. As for manganese corroles 2–6, although their oxidizing powers were comparable to that of 1, they were not as stable as 1 and underwent decomposition at the electrode. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that water oxidation by 1 was feasible through a proposed catalytic cycle. The formation of an O–O bond was suggested to be the rate-determining step, and the calculated activation barrier of 18.1 kcal mol(−1) was in good agreement with that obtained from experiments.
Gold Nanorod-Seeded Growth of Silver Nanostructures:  From Homogeneous Coating to Anisotropic Coating (2008)

Single crystalline gold nanorods (Au NRs) dominated by {110} side facets were employed as seeds to tailor the deposition of Ag. Apart from homogeneous coating, anisotropic coating of Ag was observed and resulted in an orange slice-like shape for the Au@Ag nanocrystal. Different growth rates for the {110} side facets were responsible for this shape: among the four {110} facets, two of the neighboring {110} facets grew more quickly and another two grew more slowly, thus inducing the anisotropic deposition of Ag around the Au NR. This growth behavior is believed to be a consequence of competition between the strong stabilization of cetyltrimethylammomium bromide (CTAB) molecules to the {110} facets of Ag and minimization of the overall surface energy. Although the reason for the anisotropic coating remains to be clarified, our results lead to one important conclusion: The interaction of CTAB and metal can be utilized to tune the shapes of bimetallic structures.
Incidence of Dementia After Ischemic Stroke (2002)

The risk of incident dementia is high among patients with ischemic stroke, particularly in association with intercurrent medical illnesses that might cause cerebral hypoxia or ischemia, suggesting that cerebral hypoperfusion may serve as a basis for some cases of dementia after stroke.
Binding of Thiostrepton to a Complex of 23‐S rRNA with Ribosomal Protein L11 (1979)

Thiostrepton binds with high affinity and with a 1 : 1 stoichiometry to a complex formed between Escherichia coli 23-S ribosomal RNA and ribosomal protein L11 of E. coli or the homologous protein BM-L11 of Bacillus megaterium. In the presence of T1 ribonuclease, protein BM-L11 and thiostrepton protect from degradation a fragment of E. coli 23-S RNA estimated to be about 50 nucleotides in length.
NURSE PRACTITIONERS IN THE COMMUNITY HEALTH AGENCY (1974)

The introduction of nurse practitioners into community nursing services may engender serious dislocations and discontinuities in the existing community health nursing and health care systems and may mandate changes in staffing patterns and compensation. Cost/benefit factors related to the utilization of nurse practitioners require careful consideration in the context of particular agency service goals and of alternative modalities for administration of team efforts. Properly administered, nurse practitioners offer an excellent opportunity for extension and improvement of community health nursing services.
Properties of the Hydrates of Fluorocarbons 142b and 12B1 (1963)

Thermodynamic data on the systems F-142B (CH3CCIF2)-H2O-NaCl and F-12B1 (CCIF2Br)-H2O-NaCI include pressure-temperature phase diagrams, heats of formation, hydrate compositions, and the temperature depressions due to NaCl. Both hydrating agents have properties which appear useful in the hydrate process for desalting sea water. Six hydrating agents are compared by calculating the energy requirements and total heat exchanger surface required for each process when producing 1,000,000 gallons per day of fresh water. The agents considered are propane, F-21(CHCI2F), F-12B1, F-142b, methyl bromide, and F-31(CH2CIF) in order of increasing critical formation temperature. High temperature hydrating agents have a distinct advantage with respect to energy requirements and capital costs of heat exchangers. Energy requirements lower than 20 kw.-hr. per 1000 gallons appear easily possible.
Characterizing the genetic basis of bacterial phenotypes using genome-wide association studies: a new direction for bacteriology (2014)

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have become an increasingly important approach for eukaryotic geneticists, facilitating the identification of hundreds of genetic polymorphisms that are responsible for inherited diseases. Despite the relative simplicity of bacterial genomes, the application of GWASs to identify polymorphisms responsible for important bacterial phenotypes has only recently been made possible through advances in genome sequencing technologies. Bacterial GWASs are now about to come of age thanks to the availability of massive datasets, and because of the potential to bridge genomics and traditional genetic approaches that is provided by improving validation strategies. A small number of pioneering GWASs in bacteria have been published in the past 2 years, examining from 75 to more than 3,000 strains. The experimental designs have been diverse, taking advantage of different processes in bacteria for generating variation. Analysis of data from bacterial GWASs can, to some extent, be performed using software developed for eukaryotic systems, but there are important differences in genome evolution that must be considered. The greatest experimental advantage of bacterial GWASs is the potential to perform downstream validation of causality and dissection of mechanism. We review the recent advances and remaining challenges in this field and propose strategies to improve the validation of bacterial GWASs.
A virtual machine emulator for performance evaluation (1980)

The Seventh Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, held in December 1979, continues an excellent tradition. Part of that tradition includes the publication of some of the best papers in a subsequent issue of the Communications of the ACM. The papers from the Seventh SOSP are included here, and give a good indication of the quality of the program from which they were selected. The symposium was excellently organized by the General Chairperson, Michael Schroeder, and his assistants. The quality
Passively aligned four-channel reflective InP MQWmodulator transmitter (1995)

A four-channel InP MQW modulator array chip and a singlemode fibre ribbon are passively aligned using an alumina tile with a laser-drilled precision hole array to construct an optical transmitter suitable for highly parallel reflective analogue interconnections. The transmitter operates at 1540 nm with an average loss due to packaging of 2.3 dB.
Monolith Catalytic Process for Producing Sorbitol:  Catalyst Development and Evaluation (2004)

Monolithic ruthenium catalysts (Ru/inorganic washcoat/cordierite) were evaluated for use in a monolith loop reactor process for hydrogenating glucose to sorbitol. Washcoat formulations included alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, and selected mixed oxides. Commercially attractive reaction rates were attained with several catalysts. Rates normalized to the amount of Ru were lower for monolithic catalysts than for Ru/C slurry catalyst benchmarks, most likely because of internal mass-transfer limitation. The concentrations of reaction byproducts (gluconic acid, ethylene glycol, and mannitol) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and are compared to slurry benchmarks. Selected monolithic catalysts exhibited a slow but steady activity decline in extended life testing (tens of runs); the deactivation mechanism has not yet been elucidated. With some further catalyst optimization, monolith catalysts can successfully replace the Raney nickel catalysts currently in use at the commercial scale, lower the overall catalyst cost, and reduce metal leaching into the reaction product.
Simultaneous measurement of three displacement derivatives using a multiple image-shearing interferometric camera (1979)

This paper describes a multiple image-shearing camera. By incorporating coherent light illumination, the camera serves as a multiple-shearing speckle interferometer which measures the derivatives of surface displacements with respect to three directions simultaneously. The application of the camera to the study of flexural strains in bent plates is shown, and the determination of the complete state of two-dimensional strains is also considered. The multiple image-shearing camera uses an interference phenomenon, but is less demanding than holographic interferometry with respect to vibration isolation and the coherence of the light source. It is superior to other speckle techniques in that the obtained fringes are of much better quality.
Tradeoffs for magnetic printing of servo patterns (2002)

Simple Schwarz–Christoffel mapping is used to estimate fields and flux components of a permeable master for printing reference patterns for self-servo writing. Geometry of lines and spaces govern effectiveness of the printing. Magnetic images from a spin stand illustrate adequate control of noise components.
Synthesis of Novel Oligosaccharides from Leucrose by an<i>α</i>-Glucosidase (1995)

An alpha-glucosidase was purified in an electrophoretically pure state from an extract of koji culture of Aspergillus sp. KT-11. This enzyme was found to have a transferring activity when the reaction was done in a high concentration of leucrose at pH 4.5. Two kinds of transfer products, fractions I and II, were obtained from leucrose by the enzyme and they were identified as [(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->5)-D-fructopyranose] and [alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->5)-D- fructopyranose], respectively. These are considered to be novel oligosaccharides.
Anti‐Tumour Activity of Idiotype‐Specific, MHC‐Restricted Th1 and Th2 Clones <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (1993)

Idiotypes (Id) can serve as individual markers on B cells; therefore, cytotoxic Id‐specific T cells may play a significant role in immunological surveillance of Id + B‐cell tumours. We have investigated the anti tumour activity of CD4 + BALB/c Thl and Th2 clones which recognize a processed Id of the syngeneic λ2 315 L chain in the context of the class II MHC molecule I‐E d . Id‐specific T cells and A 20/46 B lymphoma cells transfected with the λ2 315 gene were injected s.c. into the same site of BALB/c mice (Winn assay). The results show that both Th l and Th2 clones can protect against tumour development. The protection was Id‐specific because T cells did not influence tumour development by an A20/46 B lymphoma cell line transfected with the pSV2neo expression vector alone. In vitro studies showed that the Th1 clones were cytotoxic to λ2 315 ‐transfected B lymphoma cells; by contrast, the Th2 clone was not cytotoxic in 5l Cr‐release assay even though the Th2 cells inhibited the growth of λ2 315 B lymphoma cells. The anti lympboma properties of both the Thl and Th2 clones appear to involve as yet undefined cytotoxic and growth inhibiting molecules.
RETARDERS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES: EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND IN-SERVICE COSTS. VOLUME II: APPENDICES (1981)

The potential benefits to be derived from retarder use in heavy truck applications are evaluated in terms of (1) productivity gains due to decreased trip time, (2) cost savings due to decreased brake wear and maintenance, and (3) safety enhancement due to reduced probability of a runaway accident.
Neuroprotective Effects of<scp>d-</scp>Allose against Retinal Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury (2006)

These results suggest that D-allose may protect neurons by decreasing extracellular glutamate and attenuating oxidative stress in ischemic insult.
Low Temperature Bonding Technology for 250 °C-Operating SiC Power Modules Using Nano-Composite Cu/Sn Paste (2016)

A low temperature bonding technology for SiC power devices bonded to an active metal brazed copper on Si3N4 substrate is successfully realized using a transient liquid phase sintering (TLPS) method with a nano-composite Cu/Sn paste. The bonding process of the paste is composed of two steps. The first step is the TLPS reaction of the molten Sn with Cu powder. The second step is the solid state reaction between Cu6Sn5 and Cu which forms Cu3Sn. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis is used to evaluate the reaction temperature of the TLPS process. The solid state reaction of the Cu3Sn phase formation is investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. It is found that the completion of both the TLPS reaction and the solid state reaction is realized at 280 deg C for 20 min. The microstructure change of each reaction step is analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Based on the results mentioned above, the bonding process conditions of temperature and time is determined. SiC devices are bonded to an active metal brazed copper (AMC) on Si3N4 ceramic substrate using the nano-composite Cu/Sn paste. The shear strength of the bond is 39 MPa, which is about 6 times higher than the IEC standard. Since these reactions are completed at the bonding process temperature of 280 deg C, the shear strength is not affected by the process temperature over 280 deg C. The shear strength at 400 deg C is also measured and 18 MPa is obtained even the devices are bonded at 280 deg C. The proposed bonding method with the nano-composite Cu/Sn paste is a promising technology for 250 deg C-operating SiC power modules, because the process temperature is close to the operating temperature of the devices.
Dislocation generation at the coalescence of aluminum nitride lateral epitaxy on shallow-grooved sapphire substrates (2007)

The joining of defect-free AlN stripes is observed to trigger the generation of a large density of threading dislocations in the vicinity of the coalescence point. The AlN structure was grown by pulsed lateral epitaxy on shallow-grooved sapphire substrates. In the precoalescence stage, the dislocation density in the lateral epitaxial region (&lt;108cm−2) is over two orders of magnitude less than in standard c-plane epitaxy. Basal-plane dislocations (b=a=13&lt;112¯0&gt;) are generated at the coalescence point as a result of relaxation of compressive stress that develops due to temperature gradients during growth. They bend toward the surface during the postcoalescence growth stage, leading to a high density of pure-edge threading dislocations in the lateral growth regions. Some threading dislocations form loops on prismatic planes in the crystal and the basal segments are observed to glide in the [0001] direction under the electron beam in the microscope.
Genetic variation for adventitious rooting in response to low phosphorus availability: potential utility for phosphorus acquisition from stratified soils (2003)

We hypothesized that adventitious roots may improve crop adaptation to low-phosphorus soils by enhancing topsoil foraging. In a tropical field study, phosphorus stress stimulated adventitious rooting in two phosphorus-efficient genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) but not in two phosphorus-inefficient genotypes. Although phosphorus availability had no consistent effects on the length or biomass of whole root systems, it had differential effects on adventitious, basal, and taproots within root systems in a genotype-dependent manner, resulting in increased allocation to adventitious roots in efficient genotypes. Adventitious roots had greater length per unit biomass than other root types, especially under phosphorus stress. Adventitious roots had less construction cost than basal roots, despite having similar tissue nitrogen content. Phosphorus stress reduced lateral root density, and adventitious roots had less lateral root density than basal roots. Lateral roots formed further from the root tip in adventitious roots compared with basal roots, especially under phosphorus stress. Field results were confirmed in controlled environments in solid and liquid media. Stimulation of adventitious rooting by phosphorus stress tended to be greater in wild genotypes than in cultivated genotypes. We propose that adventitious rooting is a useful adaptation to low phosphorus availability, because adventitious roots explore topsoil horizons more efficiently than other root types.