gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modular Trough Power Plant Cycle and Systems Analysis (2002)

This report summarizes an analysis to reduce the cost of power production from modular concentrating solar power plants through a relatively new and exciting concept that merges two mature technologies to produce distributed modular electric power in the range of 500 to 1,500 kWe. These are the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power plant and the concentrating solar parabolic (CSP) trough technologies that have been developed independent of each other over many years.
Asymmetrically cut crystals as optical elements for highly collimated x-ray beams (1995)

Asymmetrically cut perfect crystals, in both the Laue and Bragg geometries, are examined as single crystal monochromators for x-ray beams that are collimated to a small fraction of the Darwin width, as is typical in experiments with coherent x rays. Both the Laue and asymmetric Bragg geometries are plagued by an inherent chromatic aberration that increases the beam divergence much beyond that of the symmetric Bragg geometry. Measurements from a recent experiment at the ESRF are presented to compare Si(220) (symmetric Bragg), diamond(111) (asymmetric Laue), and diamond(111) (symmetric Bragg inclined) geometries.
PREVENTION OF CANCELLOUS BONE LOSS BUT PERSISTENCE OF RENAL BONE DISEASE DESPITE NORMAL 1,25 VITAMIN D LEVELS TWO YEARS AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION (1995)

Osteopenia has been observed to occur frequently after renal transplantation. The present study was undertaken to assess whether an immunosuppressive regimen combining cyclosporine with no or the lowest possible maintenance doses of glucocorticoid may prevent osteopenia after kidney transplantation. Thirty-four patients were prospectively followed for two years. Serial blood drawings were done for determination of serum indices of calcium and bone metabolism and an iliac crest bone biopsy was performed at time of transplantation. A second bone biopsy was done in 20 patients during the second year of observation. Creatinine clearance was 56 +/- 6 ml/min one year and 46 +/- 6 ml/min two years after transplantation. Serum parathyroid hormone levels were elevated in 24 patients at time of grafting, decreased significantly thereafter, but remained above the normal range. Ten patients had low or normal serum parathyroid hormone levels at time of transplantation and showed a significant increase after grafting. Two years after transplantation, the mean cumulative dose of prednisone was 5.9 +/- 0.5 g. After the first six months, 30-40% of the patients were not on maintenance doses of steroids. None of the patients experienced fractures, and cancellous bone volume was within or above the normal range in all repeat bone biopsies. It is of note that metabolic bone abnormalities did not resolve 1-2 years after transplantation despite normalization of serum 1,25 vitamin D levels. The histologic abnormalities at the time were consistent with the bone findings in renal failure suggesting resistance of bone to normal circulating levels of 1,25 vitamin D.
Motion-Based Handwriting Recognition for Mobile Interaction (2006)

This paper presents a new interaction technique for camera-enabled mobile devices. The handheld device can be used for writing just by moving the device. In our method, interframe dominant motion is estimated from images, and the discrete cosine transform is used for computing discriminating features from motion trajectories. The k-nearest neighbor rule is applied for classification. A realtime implementation of the method was developed for a mobile phone. In experiments, recognition rates ranging from 92 % to 98 % were achieved, which testifies to the practicality of our approach
Plasma IGFBP-2 levels predict clinical outcomes of patients with high-grade gliomas (2009)

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) is a malignancy-associated protein measurable in tumors and blood. Increased IGFBP-2 is associated with shortened survival of advanced glioma patients. Thus, we examined plasma IGFBP-2 levels in glioma patients and healthy controls to evaluate its value as a plasma biomarker for glioma. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels in 196 patients with newly diagnosed glioma and 55 healthy controls were analyzed using an IGFBP-2 ELISA kit. Blood was collected before surgery, after two-cycle adjuvant chemotherapy, and at recurrence. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels were correlated with disease-free survival (DFS) using Cox regression analyses. We found that preoperative plasma IGFBP-2 levels were significantly higher in high-grade glioma patients (n = 43 for grade III glioma; n = 72 for glioblastoma multiforme [GBM]) than in healthy controls (n = 55; p < 0.001) and low-grade (grade II) glioma patients (n = 81; p < 0.001). No significant differences in preoperative plasma IGFBP-2 levels were observed between grade III glioma and GBM patients or between grade II glioma patients and healthy controls. After recurrence, plasma IGFBP-2 levels were significantly increased in GBM patients (n = 26; p < 0.001). Preoperative plasma IGFBP-2 levels were significantly correlated with DFS in GBM patients (hazard ratio, 1.404; 95% confidence interval, 1.078-1.828; p = 0.012). We conclude that preoperative plasma IGFBP-2 levels are significantly higher in high-grade glioma patients than in low-grade glioma patients and healthy subjects, and are significantly correlated with recurrence and DFS in patients with GBM. Longitudinal studies with a larger study population are needed to confirm these findings.
Evaluation of systems for purification of fuel gas from anaerobic digestion. Engineering report (1978)

Fuel gas obtained from the anaerobic digestion of waste materials usually needs to be treated before being transmitted in existing pipeline systems. The purification scheme involves the removal of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and moisture from the digester gas to meet pipeline specifications. Gas treatment systems for the handling of 0.1, 1.0, and 3.0 MM Scfd of raw feed gas and product delivery pressures of 125 and 1000 psia were considered in this study. From the results of an economic and technical analysis of these systems, physical absorption systems, particularly water scrubbing, were found to be the most economical system for the treatment of digester gas with the flow streams considered. The Fluor Solvent process was economically comparable with the water scrubbing process for high pressure applications, but the value presented had a large uncertainty. The commercial chemical absorption systems were less economical due to high heat requirements for solvent regeneration. Among the chemical absorption processes, the hot potassium systems were found to be more economical than the amine system. The molecular sieve adsorption process was economically similar to the chemical absorption process. The GE membrane separation process was economically comparable for both high and low pressure apllications, but this system has not been evaluated in real-life conditions. Since no kinetic and equilibrium data were available for the phosphate buffer system, estimates had to be assumed. Using what were believed to be very conservative estimates, this chemical absorption process was found to be economically competitive with the water scrubbing process for treating gas with a delivery pressure of 125 psia.The cost analyses in this study were based on the assumption of no recovery of the CO/sub 2/ by-product. It was found that credits for the recovery of the CO/sub 2/ could be significant.
Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis. 2nd Edition (2008)

Aufgrund ihres enormen wirtschaftlichen Potenzials ist die heterogene Katalyse ein wichtiges Thema für Industrie und Forschung. Das Handbuch ist konkurrenzlos und unentbehrlich für jeden, der sich mit der Anwendung des Verfahrens befasst, die zweite Auflage wurde lange erwartet. \n––– \nNow in 8 volumes, the completely revised and expanded second edition of this much-cited handbook collates the knowledge available on heterogeneous catalysis, providing easy-to-find yet comprehensive information. The new edition contains some 80% more material and takes into account the latest developments in the field, making it still the most up-to-date compendium in heterogeneous catalysis. More than 300 leading experts -- a veritable "Who's Who" in catalysis -- contributed to this unrivalled masterpiece, covering all aspects of the subject, from the physico-chemical foundations to large-scale industrial applications. \nWith its straightforward presentation, this is an essential and indispensable tool for every scientist working in this area.
Selegiline as the primary treatment of Parkinson's disease - a long-term double-blind study (1997)

Selegiline therapy offers beneficial long-term effets in the treatment of PD.
Visible light initiated and collapsed resistive switching in TbMnO3/Nb:SrTiO3 heterojunctions (2013)

Simple oxide heterostructures have been fabricated by depositing TbMnO3 thin films on Nb:SrTiO3 substrates at different temperatures. Remarkable switching with an on/off resistance ratio of ~5000 is found in the sample grown at 720 °C, while only tiny resistive hysteresis can be observed in the sample grown at 650 °C. A jump switching in the I-V loop at the lower resistance state with negative bias is initiated by a visible light pulse in the sample grown at 650 °C, whereas a drop switching can be observed in the sample grown at 720 °C. A trapping-detrapping process along the TbMnO3/Nb:SrTiO3 interfaces is proposed to explain the anomalous photoresponse.
Molecular-genetic and Chemotaxonomic Studies on Actinomadura and Nocardiopsis (1983)

The relationships of 24 strains of 13 species of Actinomadura and 4 strains of Nocardiopsis dassonvillei were determined by nucleic acid hybridization studies. DNA-rRNA cistron similarity and DNA homology values reveal that Actinomadura is genetically heterogeneous. One cluster contained the type species Actinomadura madurae, Actinomadura pelletieri, Actinomadura verrucosospora, Actinomadura malachitica, Actinomadura citrea and 'Actinomadura kijaniata'. A second cluster embraced Actinomadura pusilla, Actinomadura roseoviolacea, Actinomadura libanotica, Actinomadura roseola and Actinomadura ferruginea. The internal homogeneity of the two Actinomadura clusters was demonstrated by a high similarity in the menaquinone and fatty acid composition of the strains enclosed. Actinomadura spadix, Actinomadura spiralis, and two strains of Actinomadura madurae were found to be unrelated to each other and could not be allocated to one of the two major Actinomadura clusters. Nocardiopsis dassonvillei was genetically and phenotypically clearly separated from all Actinomadura species investigated.
Broadcast disks (1995)

This paper proposes the use of repetitive broadcast as a way of augmenting the memory hierarchy of clients in an asymmetric communication environment. We describe a new technique called "Broadcast Disks" for structuring the broadcast in a way that provides improved performance for non-uniformly accessed data. The Broadcast Disk superimposes multiple disks spinning at different speeds on a single broadcast channel--in effect creating an arbitrarily fine-grained memory hierarchy. In addition to proposing and defining the mechanism, a main result of this work is that exploiting the potential of the broadcast structure requires a re-evaluation of basic cache management policies. We examine several "pure" cache management policies and develop and measure implementable approximations to these policies. These results and others are presented in a set of simulation studies that substantiates the basic idea and develops some of the intuitions required to design a particular broadcast program.
Uterine Leiomyoma: Available Medical Treatments and New Possible Therapeutic Options (2013)

To date, several pathogenetic factors such as genetic factors, epigenetic factors, estrogens, progesterone, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix components have been implicated in leiomyoma development and growth. On the basis of current hypotheses, several medical therapies have been investigated. GnRH agonist has been approved by US Food and Drug Administration for reducing fibroid volume and related symptoms. In addition, the FDA also approved an intrauterine device, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena), for additional use to treat heavy menstrual bleeding in intrauterine device users only. Currently, mifepristone, asoprisnil, ulipristal acetate, and epigallocatechin gallate have been shown to be effective for fibroid regression and symptomatic improvement which are all in clinical trial. In addition, some synthetic and natural compounds as well as growth factor inhibitors are now under laboratory investigation, and they could serve as future therapeutic options.
View-based clustering and content-based retrieval of 3-D objects from their appearances (2010)

This paper addresses the problem of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) scheme of 3-D objects using 2-D views. A clustering algorithm has been proposed to group the images in from low-dimensional subspaces of the data set. Each cluster has images with distinct range of viewpoints. Discrete clusters are generated in a tree-like structure. The training set of the retrieval scheme is formed using the collection of clusters obtained. Content-based image retrieval is carried out in two stages. The quality of clusters obtained by the proposed clustering scheme is compared with state-of-the-art K-means algorithm and the results validate the superiority of the proposed clustering scheme. The benchmark data set for objects with large pose variations has been used to illustrate the effectiveness of proposed grouping scheme and the retrieval process.
Understanding Algebra Equation Solving Strategies. (1987)

Abstract : A task analysis of linear algebraic equation solving is presented. The problem space is shown to have an elegant mathematical form. Several strategies for searching the problem space are delineated, and their properties discussed. The forward search strategy, which appears to be the one most commonly taught in high-school textbooks, tends to generate non-optimal solution paths. An operator-subgoaling search strategy tends to generate shorter paths. Bundy and Welham's waterfall loop strategy is shown to be a variant of operator-subgoaling that is more amenable for use by humans. This task analysis suggests that the waterfall loop strategy may be better for teaching a high-school students than the forward search strategy.
Both CD34+38+ and CD34+38− Cells Home Specifically to the Bone Marrow of NOD/LtSZ <i>scid/scid</i> Mice but Show Different Kinetics in Expansion (2001)

Human hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) have been shown to engraft, differentiate, and proliferate in the hemopoietic tissues of sublethally irradiated NOD/LtSZ scid/scid (NOD/SCID) mice. We used this model to study homing, survival, and expansion of human HSC populations from different sources or phenotype. We observed that CD34+ cells homed specifically to bone marrow (BM) and spleen, but by 3 days after injection, survived only in the BM. These BM-homed CD34+ cells proliferated intensively and gave rise to a 12-fold, 5.5-fold, and 4-fold expansion in 3 days for umbilical cord blood, adult mobilized peripheral blood, and adult BM-derived cells, respectively. By injection of purified subpopulations, it was demonstrated that both CD34+38+ and CD34+38- umbilical cord blood HSC homed to the BM and expanded. Importantly, kinetics of expansion were different: CD34+38+ cells started to increase in cell number from day 3 onwards, and by 4 wk after injection, virtually all CD34+ cells had disappeared. In contrast, CD34+38- cells remained quiescent during the first week and started to expand intensively from the third week on. In this paper, we have shown that homing, survival, and expansion of stem cells are three independent phenomena important in the early phase of BM engraftment and that kinetics of engraftment differ between CD34+38+ and CD34+38- cells.
Two variants of the <i>CIP1/WAF1</i> gene occur together and are associated with human cancer (1995)

Several groups have recently isolated and characterized an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, p21CIP1/WAF1 which is transcriptionally induced by wild-type but not mutant p53. It is likely that p21CIP1/WAF1 mediates the growth suppression effects of p53 by arresting the cell cycle at the G1/S checkpoint, and by inducing apoptosis. To test the hypothesis that primary human tumors have mutations in the CIP1/WAF1 gene which propagates the carcinogenic process, we examined primary breast and sarcoma tumor specimens for alterations in the CIP1/WAF1 gene. Unique, or acquired somatic mutations were not observed indicating that they are not selected for during the carcinogenic process; however, two common variants were identified. The variants were not unique to tumors as 10.7% of normal individuals exhibited the variants. Nonetheless, the frequency of the variants in tumors with wild-type p53 (20.4%) was significantly greater (p = 0.05) than in normal DNAs. In contrast, the frequency of the variants (4.1%) was found to be significantly lower in tumors with p53 mutations (p = 0.006). These data suggest that the occurrence of the variants may have a direct effect on tumor development and may, in some cases, be incompatible with p53 mutations.
Broadband ecosystem for rural areas in the republic of Croatia (2011)

This paper presents an approach to broadband development in rural areas in the Republic of Croatia. It describes the current state of broadband in rural areas and reasons for uneven development. The broadband ecosystem is explained as well as its importance for successful involvement of population in Internet use. At the end, recommendations are given for better approach to broadband development in rural areas of the Republic of Croatia.
Preparation and Reactions of Enantiomerically Pure α-Functionalized Grignard Reagents (2013)

A strategy for the generation of enantiomerically pure α-functionalized chiral Grignard reagents is presented. The approach involves the synthesis of α-alkoxy and α-amino sulfoxides in ≥99:1 dr and ≥99:1 er via asymmetric deprotonation (s-BuLi/chiral diamine) and trapping with Andersen's sulfinate (menthol derived). Subsequent sulfoxide → Mg exchange (room temperature, 1 min) and electrophilic trapping delivers a range of enantiomerically pure α-alkoxy and α-amino substituted products. Using this approach, either enantiomer of products can be accessed in 99:1 er from asymmetric deprotonation protocols without the use of (-)-sparteine as the chiral ligand. Two additional discoveries are noteworthy: (i) for the deprotonation and trapping with Andersen's sulfinate, there is a lack of stereospecificity at sulfur due to attack of a lithiated intermediate onto the α-alkoxy and α-amino sulfoxides as they form, and (ii) the α-alkoxy-substituted Grignard reagent is configurationally stable at room temperature for 30 min.
Principles of object-oriented software development (1995)

Part I: Designing Object-Oriented Systems 1. Introduction What is Object Orientation The Object-Oriented Software LifeCycle Paradigms of Programming An Overview of This Book Further Literature on O-OP 2. Object-Oriented Programming Computing Devices the Object Model Encapsulation and Inheritance in C++ Generic Types Canonical Classes DD> Benefits and Pitfalls Extensions to the Object Model 3. Object-Oriented Design The Process of Design Identifying Objects Contracts Design Guidelines 4. Software Engineering Perspectives Validating Software A Framework for Testing Object-Oriented Programs Metrics for Object-Oriented Design An Objective Sense of Style Towards a Formal Approach Part II: Object-Oriented Languages And Systems 5. Object-Oriented Programming Languages The Object Paradigm Comparing Smalltalk, Eiffel and C++ Design Dimensions of Object-Oriented Languages Prototypes-Delegation Versus Inheritance Meta-Level Architectures 6. Distribution And Concurrency A Modeling Perspective Objects and Processes Concurrent Extensions of C++ Inheritance on Process Requirements for Distribution 7. Composition Mechanisms Composition by Inheritance Interaction Through Delegation Indirect Cooperation Event Driven Control Part III: Foundations Of Object-Oriented Modeling 8. Abstract Data Types Abstraction and Types Algebraic Specification Decomposition-Modules Versus Objects Type Versus Classes 9. Polymorphism Abstract Inheritance The Subtype Relation Flavors of Polymorphism Type Abstraction Existential Types: Hiding Self-Reference 10. Behavioral Refinement Types as Behavior Verifying Behavioral Properties On the Notion of Behavioral Types Objects as Behavioral Types Specifying Behavioral Compositions Part IV: Object Oriented Application Frameworks 11. Libraries And Environments Application Development Library Design Methods and Tools Libraries for C++ 12. Hypermedia Frameworks The Concepts of Hypermedia A Hypermedia Model Multi-Paradigm Programming Heterogeneous Systems
Fenbendazole treatment and litter size in rats. (2006)

Fenbendazole is commonly used in laboratory animal medicine as an anthelmintic for elimination of pinworms. It is generally regarded as a safe drug with minimal side effects. In our facility, 2 breeding colonies of rats were treated with fenbendazole to eliminate pinworms. Analysis of the breeding records revealed that feeding Sprague-Dawley rats a diet containing fenbendazole on a continuous basis for 7 consecutive weeks was associated with a significant reduction in litter size. Although the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown, the finding prompts caution when using fenbendazole to treat valuable breeding colonies or strains that are poor breeders.
Assignment of the Liposidomycin Diazepanone Stereochemistry (2001)

The liposidomycins comprise a family of complex nucleoside antibiotics that inhibit bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis. Their structures (1, 2) feature nucleoside, ribofuranoside, diazepanone, and lipid regions. Several stereogenic centers remain unassigned, including three within the diazepanone region: C-6', C-2'", and C-3'". An intramolecular reductive amination reaction has been used to prepare model diazepanones. Analysis of 40 and two of its diastereomers by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and molecular modeling indicates a close relative configurational and conformational match between 40 and the liposidomycin diazepanone degradation product 43 and allows the assignment of stereochemistry of the natural products as either [C-6'(R), C-2'"(R), C-3'"(R)] or [C-6'(S), C-2'"(S), C-3'"(S)].
Permanent and Peripheral Embolization: Temperature‐Sensitive p(<i>N</i>‐Isopropylacrylamide‐<i>co</i>‐butyl Methylacrylate) Nanogel as a Novel Blood‐Vessel‐Embolic Material in the Interventional Therapy of Liver Tumors (2011)

Abstract Permanent and peripheral embolization is a requirement of embolic materials in the transcatheter arterial embolization of liver tumors. So far, it has been difficult to find materials that have both good flowability and high mechanical strength. In the present work, a temperature‐sensitive p( N ‐isopropylacrylamide‐ co ‐butyl methylacrylate) (PIB) nanogel is explored as a novel blood‐vessel‐embolic material in the interventional therapy of liver tumors. With increasing temperature, the PIB nanogel dispersion sequentially exhibits three phase states; swollen gel, flowable sol, and finally shrunken gel. Iohexol, a nonionic X‐ray contrast agent, increases the volume‐phase transition temperature of the PIB nanogel and decreases the critical gelation concentration. Angiographical and histological studies on the embolization in the liver arteries of VX2 tumor‐bearing rabbits indicate that the PIB nanogel dispersion mixed with iohexol (designated as PIB‐I‐6150) completely occludes all levels of blood vessels, including peripheral vessels. In addition, data on tumor volume, necrosis level, and the number of metastatic foci indicate that PIB‐I‐6150 has better peripheral embolization than Lipiodol. Experiments concerning cytotoxicity, hemolysis, histology, and liver function indicate that PIB‐I‐6150 has good biocompability.