gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three dimensional microstructuring of biopolymers by femtosecond laser irradiation (2009)

A sequence of single femtosecond pulses is used to create a pattern of laser affected spots at increasing depths below the surface of transparent biopolymer samples. Materials with different water contents and mechanical strengths, gelatine, chitosan, synthetic polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and biopolymer-polymer blends, are irradiated near the edge of the sample with an amplified Titanium:Sapphire laser (800 nm) delivering 30 fs pulses through a 0.45 numerical aperture objective with energies of 100–3000 nJ. The micrometric modified region is observed by optical microscopy perpendicularly to irradiation. Self-focusing and optical aberration are major factors controlling morphology and size of the created spots.
Medical management of langerhans cell histiocytosis from diagnosis to treatment (2012)

Further fundamental and clinical research is still needed in this field. Progress may be expected from collaborations organized at national and international levels, among collaborative groups and expert networks. Collections of tissue and blood samples in biobanks must also be organized. New international protocols will be opened to patient accrual and represent an opportunity to further develop global research.
Thermal Oxidation of SiC in  N 2 O (1994)

Thermal oxidation kinetics of 3C and in at 1050 to 1150°C have been studied. The oxidation rate follows an unusual parabolic‐linear relationship that has also been found for oxidation of silicon in . The activation energy of the parabolic rate constant for , and for . The limiting mechanism for oxidation is attributed to the diffusion of through the oxynitride layer. metal oxide semiconductor capacitors fabricated in exhibit fixed oxide charge densities on the order of 1012 cm−2 and are slightly lower than those oxidized in steam.
Alterations in Specific Gravity during the Ripening of Bull Spermatozoa (1952)

Experiments aiming at a separation of bull spermatozoa, according to size, by the aid of a counter-current centrifuge, the principle of which was sketched by r~indahl (8), suggested that changes in specific density or volume occurred during the ripening ' of the sperm cells. A review of literature failed to reveal any data concerning such changes. For our purpose it was necessary to define a series of ripening stages delimited by visible changes. As such we have made use of the loss of the residual protoplasm and the cessation of motility and distinguished three stages: Spermatozoa with residual drop, motile" ones without residual drop, and non-motile ones without residual drop. These three types have been denominated unripe, ripe, and over-ripe. To be able to follow alterations in the specific density of spermatozoa, we have carried out determinations of the mean density of the sperm cells in a number of ejaculates taken from normally fertile bulls, and related the obtained data statistically to the frequencies of unripe, ripe and over-ripe spermatozoa in the ejaculates.
Novel Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Based Vaccine Induces Robust CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell–Mediated Antitumor Immunity (2015)

Vaccines that can coordinately induce multi-epitope T cell-mediated immunity, T helper functions, and immunologic memory may offer effective tools for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we report the development of a new class of recombinant protein cancer vaccines that deliver different CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell epitopes presented by MHC class I and class II alleles, respectively. In these vaccines, the recombinant protein is fused with Z12, a novel cell-penetrating peptide that promotes efficient protein loading into the antigen-processing machinery of dendritic cells. Z12 elicited an integrated and multi-epitopic immune response with persistent effector T cells. Therapy with Z12-formulated vaccines prolonged survival in three robust tumor models, with the longest survival in an orthotopic model of aggressive brain cancer. Analysis of the tumor sites showed antigen-specific T-cell accumulation with favorable modulation of the balance of the immune infiltrate. Taken together, the results offered a preclinical proof of concept for the use of Z12-formulated vaccines as a versatile platform for the development of effective cancer vaccines.
Optimizing queries with materialized views (2002)

While much work has addressed the problem of maintaining materialized views, the important question of optimizing queries in the presence of materialised views has not been resolved. In this paper, we analyze the optimization question and provide a comprehensive and efficient solution. Our solution has the desirable property that it is a simple generalization of the traditional query optimization algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Endometrial stem cells (2007)

These initial studies providing the first functional evidence for epithelial and stromal stem/progenitor cells in human and mouse endometrium lay the groundwork for further studies to characterize their stem cell properties. They also provide the impetus to discover specific markers that will enable their prospective isolation and allow their location in normal and pathological endometrium to be determined.
Dead-Time Control System for a Synchronous Buck dc-dc Converter (2007)

The autonomy of battery-operated electronic systems directly depends on the energy conversion efficiency from the battery to the lower voltage levels required by nowadays CMOS technologies. One of the major contributions for power losses in buck dc-dc converters is explained and analyzed. The work presented in this paper focuses on optimizing buck converter efficiency (synchronous rectification) by minimizing body-diode conduction losses. A new control technique, and a drive system that regulates the dead-time to a minimum value of 2 ns, are presented. Converter losses decrease by 19 % to 32 % when compared to the fixed dead-time solution.
Surveillance through concrete walls (2004)

This paper studies the capability of ultra-wideband short-pulse (UWB SP) radar to provide surveillance through concrete walls, including multistatic radar surveillance and 3D through-wall imaging. A full-wave electromagnetic simulator is used to generate high fidelity through-wall radar data. The raw radar data are transformed into radar images using a back projection algorithm. It is shown that UWB SP radar can track targets moving inside a room with concrete walls as well as providing static mapping of the room interior. The velocity of the electromagnetic wave inside a concrete wall is reduced compared to free space thus defocusing target images, displacing targets from their true positions, and possibly producing false targets. This problem can be mitigated by including the time of flight difference due to the concrete walls into the image generation algorithm. 3D through-wall radar imaging obtained using UWB SP radar centered at 2 GHz requires a very large antenna aperture to be able to see the shape of the human phantoms. However, using a center frequency of 10 GHz reduces this aperture requirement fivefold making the system more practical operationally. However, attenuation is much higher at 10 GHz than at 2 GHz.
Treatment responses in Asians and Caucasians with chronic hepatitis C infection (2008)

Genotype 1 CHC in Asian subjects is associated with higher rates of virological response compared to that in Caucasians.
Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy After COVID-19: Time for a New “Normal” (2021)

In late 2019, a previously unknown coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (the coronavirus that causes COVID-19), was reported in Wuhan, China. Similar to the polio virus epidemic, the fear, uncertainty, and collective response associated with COVID-19 have disrupted daily life on a global scale. In this editorial, we argue that it is time for musculoskeletal physical therapists to grasp the opportunity provided by the COVID-19 pandemic to provide care that is (1) primarily active, (2) focused on self-efficacy and self-management, and (3) far less reliant on passive therapies. <i>J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(1):5-7. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.0102</i>.
Practice Bulletin No. 127 (2012)

Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and the most common reason for antenatal hospitalization(1–4). In the United States, approximately 12% of all live births occur before term, and preterm labor preceded approximately 50% of these preterm births (5, 6). Although the causes of preterm labor are not well understood, the burden of preterm births is clear—preterm births account for approximately 70% of neonatal deaths and 36% of infant deaths as well as 25–50% of cases of long-term neurologic impairment in children (7–9). A 2006 report from the Institute of Medicine estimated the annual cost of preterm birth in the United States to be $26.2 billion or more than$51,000 per premature infant (10). However, identifying women who will give birth preterm is an inexact process.The purpose of this document is to present the various methods proposed to manage preterm labor and to review the evidence for the roles of these methods in clinical practice. Identification and management of risk factors for preterm labor are not addressed in this document.
Analysis of LVAD log files for the early detection of pump thrombosis (2017)

Nowadays, one standard therapy for advanced heart failure is the implantation of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). The LVAD is a mechanical pump, which supports the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. However, there are serious complications including pump thrombosis. Pump thrombosis is a formation of blood clot inside the LVAD pump, which can result in pump stop and worst case leads to death. To increase the probability of success in thrombosis treatment, an early diagnosis of pump thrombosis is important. An often mentioned indication for pump thrombosis is an increase in pump current. For this reason, this paper analyzes the log files of LVAD patients. Four algorithms were developed and applied to the measured pump current with the aim to detect an increase in pump current earlier as it is actually done by the physician. The first algorithm incorporated different absolute thresholds. In addition, the second algorithm considered the circadian fluctuation to estimate suitable thresholds. The third and fourth algorithms applied a relative threshold based on the standard deviation of the pump current. The third algorithm applied a standard deviation, which is calculated for each patient and each hours of the day individually. The fourth algorithm used for each patient an individual average standard deviation. This paper shows the results of 5 pump thromboses curves analyzed with the different algorithms each. Using the fourth algorithm, a pump current increase was detected approximately 4 days earlier compared to the “High Watt” alarm caused by the LVAD controller.
The S-Algorithm: A Promising Solution for Systematic Functional Test Generation (1985)

We present a new algorithm for functional test generation of VLSI systems. This algorithm for functional test generation for each testable register-transfer (RT) level fault defined in our established fault model. The technique developed is appropriate for test generation in top-down Computer-Aided Design process. The development of the algorithm is based on two foundations: the RT-level fault model and symbolic execution technique. A well-defined RT-language for the functional representation of a digital system is described. Based on this language, the RT-level fault modeling and fault collapsing analysis are performed. The fault model is established to lay an analytical foundation for the investigation of faulty behavior among RT-level fault types. The RT-level symbolic execution technique is used to derive test patterns during test generation. Major problem areas are defined and appropriate solutions are presented. The whole test generation process is divided into three stages: preprocess, the S-algorithm, and post-process. "Divide and conquer" principle is used throughout the test generation process for systematic problem solving. The S-algorithm is the heart of the overall algorithm. It performs test pattern generation based on the reduced fault model using machine symbolic execution. This test generation algorithm has been implemented in PASCAL on IBM 370/168.
Hydraulics Offer Advantages in Power Brake Boosters (1973)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The use of hydraulics offers a power brake system that provides the higher pressures required to meet the new federal safety stopping distance regulations for some passenger car and truck applications. The design and operating characteristics of the Bendix Hydro-Boost hydraulic power brake booster are explained.</div>
THE NUMBER OF OOCYTES IN THE MATURE RHESUS MONKEY (MACACA MULATTA) (1951)

Estimates have been made of the total number of oocytes in ovaries removed on different days of the menstrual cycle from twelve sexually mature rhesus monkeys. They have been analysed on two assumptions: ( a ) that no relation exists over the range of age studied between age and the number of oocytes present; and ( b ) that such a relation exists. The data were grouped in the following three temporal phases of the menstrual cycle: days 1–9, days 10–18, days 19–27. Statistical analysis failed to reveal any significant difference between the average total number of oocytes present at the beginning, the middle, or the end of the menstrual cycle.
Controlled Medical Vocabulary Construction: Methods from the Canon Group (1994)

Journal Article Controlled Medical Vocabulary Construction: Methods from the Canon Group Get access James J. Cimino, MD James J. Cimino, MD Correspondence and reprints: James J. Cimino, MD, Center for Medical Informatics, Atchley Pavilion, Room 1310, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY 10032. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, Volume 1, Issue 3, May 1994, Pages 296–297, https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1994.95236160 Published: 01 May 1994 Article history Received: 30 December 1993 Accepted: 10 January 1994 Published: 01 May 1994
Structure Elucidation and Synthesis of Flavonol Acylglycosides. III.. The synthesis of tiliroside (1981)

Abstract Naturally occurring kaempferol 3‐ O ‐β‐ D ‐(6″‐ O ‐coumaroyl)glucopyranoside (tiliroside) has been synthesized thereby confirming its structure. This is the first acylated flavonoid glycoside to be synthesized.
Comparison of low and high dose ionising radiation using topological analysis of gene coexpression networks (2012)

Our method of applying network topological differences can aid in identifying the differences among similar (eg: radiation effect) yet very different biological conditions (eg: different dose and time) to generate testable hypotheses. This is the first study where a network level analysis was performed across two different radiation doses at various time points, thereby illustrating changes in the cellular response over time.
Colonization Factor Antigen 11, and Belong to Serogroups Other Than 06. (1985)

Enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli, which belonged to serogroups other than O6 and produced colonization factor antigen II, usually produced only coli surface antigen 3 (CS3) and gave weak mannose-resistant haemagglutination of bovine erythrocytes. A non-autotransferring plasmid, NTP165, from a strain of E. coli O168. H16 coded for heat-stable enterotoxin, heat-labile enterotoxin and CS antigens. The CS antigens expressed after acquisition of plasmid NTP165 depended on the recipient strain: a biotype A strain of serotype O6. H16 expressed CS1 and CS3; a biotype C strain of serotype O6. H16 expressed CS2 and CS3; strain K12 and strain E19446 of serotype O139. H28 expressed only CS3. An exceptional wild-type strain, E24377, of serotype O139. H28 produced CS1 and CS3 when isolated; a variant of E24377 which had lost the plasmid coding for CS antigens produced both CS1 and CS3 after the introduction of NTP165.
Glioblastoma‐derived tumorospheres identify a population of tumor stem‐like cells with angiogenic potential and enhanced multidrug resistance phenotype (2006)

We investigated in vitro the properties of selected populations of cancer stem-like cells defined as tumorospheres that were obtained from human glioblastoma. We also assessed their potential and capability of differentiating into mature cells of the central nervous system. In vivo, their tumorigenicity was confirmed after transplantation into the brain of non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mice. The angiogenic potential of tumorospheres and glioblastoma-derived cells grown as adherent cells was revealed by evaluating the release of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and CXCL12 by ELISA, as well as by rat aortic ring assay. The proliferative response of tumorospheres in the presence of CXCL12 was observed for the first time. Multidrug resistance-associated proteins 1 and 3 as well as other molecules conferring multidrug resistance were higher when compared with primary adherent cells derived from the same tumor. Finally, we obtained cells from the tumor developing after grafting that clearly expressed the putative neural stem cell marker CD133 as shown by FACS analysis and also nestin and CXCR4. The cells' positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein was very low. Moreover these cells preserved their angiogenic potential. We conclude that human glioblastoma could contain tumor cell subsets with angiogenic and chemoresistance properties and that this chemoresistance potential is highly preserved by immature cells whereas the angiogenic potential is, to a higher extent, a property of mature cells. A better understanding of the features of these cell subsets may favor the development of more specifically targeted therapies.
Inferring evolutionary responses of Anolis carolinensis introduced into the Ogasawara archipelago using whole genome sequence data (2017)

Invaded species often can rapidly expand and establish in novel environments through adaptive evolution, resulting in devastating effects on native communities. However, it is unclear if genetic variation at whole-genomic levels is actually reduced in the introduced populations and which genetic changes have occurred responding to adaptation to new environments. In the 1960s, Anolis carolinensis was introduced onto one of the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, and subsequently expanded its range rapidly throughout two of the islands. Morphological comparison showed that lower hindlimb length in the introduced populations tended to be longer than those in its native Florida populations. Using re-sequenced whole genomic data, we estimated that the effective population size at the time of introduction was actually small (less than 50). We also inferred putative genomic regions subject to natural selection after this introduction event using SweeD and a method based on Tajima's D, π and F <sub>ST</sub> . Five candidate genes that were potentially subject to selection were estimated by both methods. The results suggest that there were standing variations that could potentially contribute to adaptation to nonnative environments despite the founder population being small.
Native-Foreign Langage Effect In The McGurk Effect : A Test With Chinese and Japanese. (1998)

This study examined the manners of audiovisual speech perception, using the “McGurk effect”, when the speakers were foreigners. The McGurk effect demonstrates that visual (lip movement) information is used during speech perception even when it is discrepant with auditory information. Subjects, 17 Chinese and 23 Japanese reported what they heard while looking at and listening to the speakers’ face on the monitor. There were 4 speakers, 2 Chinese and 2 Japanese. All the stimuli were made of one syllable utterance. Half of them were audio-visually compatible stimuli, but half of them were audio-visually incompatible stimuli. The results indicate that the Japanese subjects used more visual information on speech perception when the speakers were foreigners. But the Chinese subjects did not show such language asymmetry.
How to Count Patents and Value Intellectual Property: Uses of Patent Renewal and Application Data (1996)

Patent counts are very imperfect measures of innovative output. This paper discusses how additional data -the number of years a patent is renewed and the number of countries in which protection for the same invention is sought -can be used to improve on counts in studies which require a measure of the extent of innovation. A simple renewal based weighting scheme is proposed which may remove half of the noise in patent counts as a measure of innovative output.
An enzyme immunoassay of ADAMTS13 distinguishes patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura from normal individuals and carriers of ADAMTS13 mutations (2004)

Recent studies demonstrate that assay of ADAMTS13, a circulating zinc metalloprotease that cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF) at the Y1605-M1606 bond, is an important tool in the diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). In order to develop a method that could be adapted for general use, we describe an enzyme immunoassay (EIA)-based method for measuring the activity of ADAMTS13 in patient plasma samples. A monomeric peptide consisting of the amino acid residues D1596-R1668 of VWF was produced that spanned the ADAMTS13 cleavage site and was franked by glutathione s-transferase (GST) and a 6His sequences at the amino and carboxyl termini respectively. When probed with either anti-GST or anti-6His, the VWF fragment appeared as a 38.1-kDa band. After incubation with normal plasma, the VWF fragment was replaced by a 30.4-kDa band, which was recognized by anti-GST but not by anti-6His, consistent with the expected cleavage at the Y1605-M1606 bond. EDTA or plasma samples from patients with TTP inhibited this cleavage. After incubation with normal plasma, the VWF fusion protein immobilized onto anti-GST coated microtiter plate wells lost its anti-6His binding activity in a time- and plasma concentration-dependent manner. By using this EIA, the ADAMTS13 activity level was less than 0.12 U/mL in patients with acquired or hereditary TTP, distinguishing these patients from normal individuals or carriers of one copy of mutant ADAMTS13 allele. These results suggest the EIA method based on the VWF fusion protein is a simple but promising alternative for measuring ADAMTS13 activity.
Activity of the rhizosphere of perennial leguminous grasses under conditions of biological agriculture (2008)

Versatile microbe-plant interrelations are shown in investigations performed on gray forest soils with the use of perennial leguminous grasses of various growth years. The main parameters of biological activity and agrochemical indices are assessed and the structure of the microbial assemblage of rhizosphere soils is determined. Cultivation of perennial leguminous grasses in a biological agriculture system creating optimal conditions for growing subsequent farm crops is examined.