gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liver X Receptors Downregulate 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Expression and Activity (2002)

11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD-1) converts inactive corticosteroids into biologically active corticosteroids, thereby regulating the local concentration of active glucocorticoids, such as cortisol. 11beta-HSD-1 is particularly expressed in adipocytes and liver and appears to be causally linked to the development of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Liver X receptor (LXR)-alpha and -beta are nuclear oxysterol receptors whose key role in lipid metabolic regulation has recently been established. In this study, we show that treatment of adipocytes derived from 3T3-L1 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts in vitro with synthetic or natural LXR agonists decreases mRNA expression of 11beta-HSD-1 by approximately 50%, paralleled by a significant decline in 11beta-HSD-1 enzyme activity. Downregulation of 11beta-HSD-1 mRNA by LXRs started after a lag period of 8 h and required ongoing protein synthesis. Moreover, long-term per os treatment with a synthetic LXR agonist downregulated 11beta-HSD-1 mRNA levels by approximately 50% in brown adipose tissue and liver of wild-type but not of LXRalpha(-/-)beta(-/-) mice and was paralleled by downregulation of hepatic PEPCK expression. In conclusion, LXR ligands could mediate beneficial metabolic effects in insulin resistance syndromes including type 2 diabetes by interfering with peripheral glucocorticoid activation.
Aerodynamic Impacts of Helicopter Blade Erosion Coatings (2012)

The United States Army helicopter fleet experiences deformation of rotor blade contours from sand erosion and the implementation of technologies to protect against it. An investigation was performed to determine the effect of a typical erosion protection coating on the main rotor performance of a UH-60A Blackhawk utility helicopter. Computational fluid dynamics was used to calculate aerodynamic coefficients for representative coated airfoil sections. Hover analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of the coated airfoils on main rotor performance. The results show that airfoil erosion protection coatings can cause a decrease in the rotor’s aerodynamic efficiency.
Auxetic metamaterials from disordered networks (2018)

Recent theoretical work suggests that systematic pruning of disordered networks consisting of nodes connected by springs can lead to materials that exhibit a host of unusual mechanical properties. In particular, global properties such as Poisson's ratio or local responses related to deformation can be precisely altered. Tunable mechanical responses would be useful in areas ranging from impact mitigation to robotics and, more generally, for creation of metamaterials with engineered properties. However, experimental attempts to create auxetic materials based on pruning-based theoretical ideas have not been successful. Here we introduce a more realistic model of the networks, which incorporates angle-bending forces and the appropriate experimental boundary conditions. A sequential pruning strategy of select bonds in this model is then devised and implemented that enables engineering of specific mechanical behaviors upon deformation, both in the linear and in the nonlinear regimes. In particular, it is shown that Poisson's ratio can be tuned to arbitrary values. The model and concepts discussed here are validated by preparing physical realizations of the networks designed in this manner, which are produced by laser cutting 2D sheets and are found to behave as predicted. Furthermore, by relying on optimization algorithms, we exploit the networks' susceptibility to tuning to design networks that possess a distribution of stiffer and more compliant bonds and whose auxetic behavior is even greater than that of homogeneous networks. Taken together, the findings reported here serve to establish that pruned networks represent a promising platform for the creation of unique mechanical metamaterials.
Regulation of Bcl-2 Expression by Dihydrotestosterone in Hormone Sensitive LNCaP-FGC Prostate Cancer Cells (2003)

Together these results suggest that the suppression of bcl-2 expression by DHT in hormone sensitive LNCaP-FGC prostate cancer cells occurs directly. In addition, these results provide a possible mechanistic basis for the up-regulation (derepression) of bcl-2 observed in hormone independent prostate cancers.
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection, complement factor H variants and age-related macular degeneration (2008)

There is a possible association between AMD and C pneumoniae infection, although CFH may not be directly involved in the pathogenesis of C pneumoniae infection-mediated AMD.
[Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Tiumen' region]. (2006)

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) was evaluated in the pilot study of 731 patients living in Tyumen city and a southern part of Tyumen region as well as in Khanty-Mansi (KMAO) and Yamal-Nenets (YNAO) autonomic okrugs. An index of MS prevalence was 22,4 per 100,000 in Tyumen region as a whole. This index was higher--29.1 per 100 000 - in the southern part. In KMAO and YNAO, the MS prevalence was 14,3 and 27,8 respectively. Women prevailed among patients in all the regions, their number being twice higher (461 and 270). However, if in the southern part and in KMAO this ratio was approximately equal, in YNAO percentage of men was significantly higher. It should be noted that these data need further study. We revealed that using of current diagnostic criteria may often lead to misunderstanding of diagnosis of "definite" MS. Essential difference in MS prevalence in different regions may be explained by ethnical stratification. In particular, there are many newly migrated people in the okrugs and MS occurs more often in that group. At the same time, there is no any information on the prevalence of "definite" MS among the native-born population of KMAO and YNAO.
People tracking with human motion predictions from social forces (2010)

For many tasks in populated environments, robots need to keep track of current and future motion states of people. Most approaches to people tracking make weak assumptions on human motion such as constant velocity or acceleration. But even over a short period, human behavior is more complex and influenced by factors such as the intended goal, other people, objects in the environment, and social rules. This motivates the use of more sophisticated motion models for people tracking especially since humans frequently undergo lengthy occlusion events. In this paper, we consider computational models developed in the cognitive and social science communities that describe individual and collective pedestrian dynamics for tasks such as crowd behavior analysis. In particular, we integrate a model based on a social force concept into a multi-hypothesis target tracker. We show how the refined motion predictions translate into more informed probability distributions over hypotheses and finally into a more robust tracking behavior and better occlusion handling. In experiments in indoor and outdoor environments with data from a laser range finder, the social force model leads to more accurate tracking with up to two times fewer data association errors.
The Spanish multidrug resistant tuberculosis network (2000)

The network to monitor the spread of multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Spain based on genomic typing and set up in January 1998 benefits from the participation of about 90% of the laboratories of the national health system. Of the 94 MDR-TB pa
On signal tracing in post-silicon validation (2010)

It is increasingly difficult to guarantee the first silicon success for complex integrated circuit (IC) designs. Post-silicon validation has thus become an essential step in the IC design flow. Tracing internal signals during circuit's normal operation, being able to provide real-time visibility to the circuit under debug (CUD), is one of the most effective silicon debug techniques and has gained wide acceptance in industrial designs. Trace-based debug solution, however, involves non-trivial design for debug overhead. How to conduct signal tracing effectively for bug elimination is therefore a challenging task for IC designers. In this paper, we provide in-depth discussion for trace-based debug strategy and review recent advancements in this important area.
Low threshold current AlGaAs/GaAs rib-waveguide separate-confinement-heterostructure distributed-feedback lasers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1987)

AlGaAs/GaAs rib-waveguide separate-confinement-heterostructure (SCH) distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers emitting at 880 nm were fabricated by a two-step atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth technique. A CW threshold current as low as 18 mA and an output power of more than 10 mW per facet at room temperature were obtained. Also, single longitudinal and fundamental transverse modes were maintained up to more than twice the threshold current level.
[Chemical Constituents from Eucommia ulmoides]. (2016)

Compounds 5–8 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
From Visual Exploration to Storytelling and Back Again (2016)

The primary goal of visual data exploration tools is to enable the discovery of new insights. To justify and reproduce insights, the discovery process needs to be documented and communicated. A common approach to documenting and presenting findings is to capture visualizations as images or videos. Images, however, are insufficient for telling the story of a visual discovery, as they lack full provenance information and context. Videos are difficult to produce and edit, particularly due to the non-linear nature of the exploratory process. Most importantly, however, neither approach provides the opportunity to return to any point in the exploration in order to review the state of the visualization in detail or to conduct additional analyses. In this paper we present CLUE (Capture, Label, Understand, Explain), a model that tightly integrates data exploration and presentation of discoveries. Based on provenance data captured during the exploration process, users can extract key steps, add annotations, and author "Vistories", visual stories based on the history of the exploration. These Vistories can be shared for others to view, but also to retrace and extend the original analysis. We discuss how the CLUE approach can be integrated into visualization tools and provide a prototype implementation. Finally, we demonstrate the general applicability of the model in two usage scenarios: a Gapminder-inspired visualization to explore public health data and an example from molecular biology that illustrates how Vistories could be used in scientific journals. (see Figure 1 for visual abstract).
<title>Wide Field And Planetary Camera For Space Telescope</title> (1982)

The Wide Field and Planetary Camera instrument is being constructed at JPL as one of the instruments on Space Telescope. The instrument will be used to map the Universe and to study the outer planets. It will be able to see deeper into the heavens (by a factor of 1000) than has ever been seen before. The predicted performance will be reviewed along with a description of the instrument, and its current fabrication status.
C-h & c-o functionalization by silicon-heteroatom interelement linkage (2019)

La quimica sintetica es casi inimaginable sin tres elementos principales del grupo, a saber, boro, silicio y estano. Cuando se unen a un atomo de carbono de cualquier hibridacion, estos grupos funcionales sirven como linchpins excepcionalmente versatiles en sintesis, transformandose selectivamente en una enorme variedad de enlaces C-C y C-X, por lo tanto, descubren nuevos metodos para forjar el valor agregado C-Si, Los bonos C-B y C-Sn siempre tienen una gran demanda. En linea con el interes de la investigacion en el grupo de Martin de la activacion de enlaces o moleculas inertes, esta tesis doctoral se centra en el desarrollo de nuevas tecnicas para hacer uso del enlace de interelemento de silicio-heteroatomo para funcionalizar el enlace inerte C-O & C-H a traves de catalisis de niquel o sistema sin transicion de metal. Hemos desarrollado tres nuevos metodos para la funcionalizacion de enlaces inertes C-O y C-H mediante el uso de enlaces de interelemento basados ​​en silicio. Todas las transformaciones anteriores muestran un excelente perfil de quimioselectividad en condiciones suaves. Se realizan estudios y debates mecanicistas preliminares para comprender como y por que se produjeron estas reacciones. Las transformaciones realizadas contribuyen a la comprension del uso mas prolifico de enlaces quimicos inertes a los compuestos de valor agregado de sintesis.
Rosette Constellations of Earth Satellites (1980)

Satellite constellations having rosette (flowerlike) orbital patterns are described which exhibit better worldwide coverage properties than constellations previously reported in U.S. literature. The best rosettes with 5-15 satellites are identified and evaluated relative to prior results. In most cases, the best results are obtained by placing one satellite in each of N separate planes and by using inclined rather than polar orbits. Coverage properties of these constellations are analyzed in terms of the largest possible great circle range between an observer anywhere on the Earth's surface and the nearest subsatellite point. When evaluated in this manner, coverage properties are invariant with deployment altitude. As deployment altitude is reduced, however, higher order constellations must be used to maintain a fixed minimum viewing angle. Coverage properties are also invariant with deployment orientation relative to Earth coordinates, although specific orientations can cause the satellite patterns to appear quasi-stationary. Thus these constellations offer a promising alternative to the use of geostationary satellites. Rosette constellations can also be used to guarantee multiple satellite visibility on a continuous worldwide basis. It is shown that 5, 7, 9, and 11 satellites are the minimum numbers required for single, double, triple, and quadruple visibility, respectively. Examples of rosette constellations which achieve these bounds are given.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1991)

Journal Article REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access The Music of Claude Debussy. By Richard S. Parks. pp. xiv + 366. ( Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1989 [ 1990], £25/$39.95. ISBN 0-300-04439-9.) MICHAEL RUSS MICHAEL RUSS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 72, Issue 1, February 1991, Pages 144–149, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/72.1.144 Published: 01 February 1991
Ninth SPE Comparative Solution Project: A Reexamination of Black-Oil Simulation (1995)

Abstract The Ninth SPE Comparative Solution Project presented in the following paper provides a reexamination of black-oil simulation based on a model of moderate size (9,000 cells) and with a high degree of heterogeneity provided by a geostatistically-based permeability field. Nine participants provided data for the comparison which is based on a dipping reservoir with twenty-five somewhat randomly placed producers and a single water injector. Results showed that significant agreement could be achieved for this problem on the basis of total production rates, saturations, and reservoir pressures. On the other hand, rates for some individual wells did show variations of as much as 30% due to differing treatments of well flowing bottomhole pressures. All participants were able to simulate the study in fewer than sixty time-steps with an average of 4-5 Newton iterations per step. In addition, the results showed that this moderate-sized problem could be simulated in only a few minutes in a workstation environment for the two plus years of data.
New lower bounds for oblivious routing in undirected graphs (2006)

Oblivious routing algorithms for general undirected networks were introduced by Racke, and this work has led to many subsequent improvements and applications. Racke showed that there is an oblivious routing algorithm with polylogarithmic competitive ratio (with respect to edge congestion) for any undirected graph. However, there are directed networks for which the competitive ratio is in Ω(√n).To cope with this inherent hardness in general directed networks, the concept of oblivious routing with demands chosen randomly from a known demand distribution was introduced recently. Under this new model, O(log2n)-competitiveness with high probability is possible in general directed graphs.However, it remained an open problem whether or not the competitive ratio, under this new model, could also be significantly improved in undirected graphs. In this paper, we rule out this possibility by providing a lower bound of Ω(log n/log log n) for the multicommodity case and Ω(√logn) for the single-sink case for oblivious routing in a random demand model.We also introduce a natural candidate model for evaluating the throughput of an oblivious routing scheme which subsumes all suggested models for the throughput of oblivious routing considered so far. In this general model, we first prove a lower bound Ω(log n/log log n) for the competitive ratio of any oblivious routing scheme. Interestingly, the graphs that we consider for the lower bound in this case are expanders, for which we also obtain a lower bound Ω(log n/log log n) on the competitive ratio of congestion based oblivious routing with adversarial demands.
Ethanol Annual Report FY 1990 (1991)

This report summarizes the research progress and accomplishments of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Ethanol from Biomass Program, field managed by the Solar Energy Research Institute, during FY 1990. The report includes an overview of the entire program and summaries of individual research projects. These projects are grouped into the following subject areas: technoeconomic analysis; pretreatment; cellulose conversion; xylose fermentation; and lignin conversion. Individual papers have been indexed separately for inclusion on the data base.
Chronic mesenteric artery insufficiency produces hyperplasia of the intestine - case report (2007)

Chronic ischemia produces corresponding tissue hypoplasia. However, the present paper reports a distinctive hypertrophy of the intestine due to chronic mesenteric artery insufficiency. Two patients with chronic mesentery artery insufficiency confirmed by angiography are presented. The first patient demonstrated marked hypertrophy of the intestine, while the second patient was remarkable for pronounced hypoplasia. During the surgery of the first patient, an ileum approximately 60 cm long with a sausage-like consistency and cyanosis was identified proximal to the cecum; wall-attached thromboembolism material and the hypertrophic segment of ileum were removed. In the other patient, the intestine wall was paper thin; after the aortomesenteric bypass, the intestine wall grew thicker. Postoperative recovery of both patients was uneventful. The commonly observed situation after a longstanding hypoxic insult in a setting of chronic mesenteric ischemia is that the target tissue will, at least, develop slight hypoplasia. However, the cases presented here had either pronounced hyperplasia or severe hypoplasia. The authors find this observation so interesting that they report it in the hope that an explanation for this conundrum may come forth.
Reconstruction of Extensive Long Bone Defects in Sheep Using Resorbable Bioceramics Based on Silicon Stabilized Tricalcium Phosphate (2006)

In this study we evaluated the performance of Skelite, a resorbable bioceramic based on silicon stabilized tricalcium phosphate (Si-TCP), in promoting the repair of a large-sized, experimentally induced defect in a weight-bearing long bone sheep model. Eighteen 2-year-old ewes were used in this study. Animals were sacrificed at 3, 6, and 12 months. One animal entered a very prolonged followup and was sacrificed 2 years after surgery. Bone formation and scaffold resorption were evaluated by sequential x-ray studies, CT scans, histology, immunohistology, microradiography, and quantitative analysis of x-ray studies (optical density) and microradiographs (percentage of bone and scaffold area). Our data show an excellent implant integration and significant bone regeneration within the bone substitute over the course of the experiment. Progressive osteoclastic resorption of the biomaterial was also evident. At 1 year from surgery, the remaining scaffold was approximately 10-20% of the scaffold initially implanted, while after 2 years it was essentially completely resorbed. At the end of the observation period, the segmental defect was filled with newly formed, highly mineralized, lamellar bone.
Synthesis, characterisation and crystal structure of 1,2-bis(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethene-1,2-diol (2005)

From the condensation reaction of (6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methanol and pyridine-2-carbaldehyde at 130 °C without catalyst or solvent was isolated an unexpected compound 1,2-bis(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethene-1,2-diol, in crystal form. The new compound was characterised by mass spectroscopy, IR, 1 H NMR, UV-Vis and single crystal X-ray diffraction showing that it is a symmetrical molecule with two intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The molecular and crystalline structure of 1,2-bis(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethene-1,2-diol indicated that the molecule crystallised in a monoclinic crystal system and belongs to P2 1 /c space group with two molecules per unit cell. Within the accuracy of the analysis the molecule is planar and there are two moderate intramolecular O–H⃛N hydrogen bonds. We think that the presence of two moderate intramolecular hydrogen bonds gives stabilisation to the crystal structure, making isolation of a single crystal form possible.
An advanced system to generate pronunciations of proper nouns (2002)

Accurate recognition of proper nouns is a critical component of automatic speech recognition (ASR). Since there are no obvious letter-to-sound conversion rules that govern the pronunciation of any large set of proper nouns, this is an open-ended problem that evolves constantly under various sociolinguistic influences. A Boltzmann machine neural network is well-suited for the task of generating the most likely pronunciations of a proper noun. This pronunciation output can be used to build better acoustic models for the noun that result in improved recognition performance. We present an advanced version of this N-best pronunciations system; and a multiple pronunciations dictionary of 18000 surnames and 25000 pronunciations used as a training database. The database and software are available in the public domain.
Integrality and Separability of Multitouch Interaction Techniques in 3D Manipulation Tasks (2011)

Multitouch displays represent a promising technology for the display and manipulation of data. While the manipulation of 2D data has been widely explored, 3D manipulation with multitouch displays remains largely unexplored. Based on an analysis of the integration and separation of degrees of freedom, we propose a taxonomy for 3D manipulation techniques with multitouch displays. Using that taxonomy, we introduce Depth-Separated Screen-Space (DS3), a new 3D manipulation technique based on the separation of translation and rotation. In a controlled experiment, we compared DS3 with Sticky Tools and Screen-Space. Results show that separating the control of translation and rotation significantly affects performance for 3D manipulation, with DS3 performing faster than the two other techniques.