gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B7-H3 expression associates with tumor invasion and patient's poor survival in human esophageal cancer. (2015)

B7-H3, a member from B7-family co-stimulatory ligands, plays an important role in adaptive immune responses. In addition, recent studies also demonstrated that B7-H3 could be highly expressed in various types of human cancers, and its expression level was significantly associated with cancer patients' clinicopathological parameters and postoperative prognoses. As of now, the exact role of B7-H3 expression in human esophageal cancer still remains elusive. In the present study, we characterized the B7-H3 expression in the human esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109 and TE-1, and in 174 cases of human esophageal cancer tissues, and to analyze its clinical implications and its correlation to T cell infiltration. By using the RNA interference method to down-regulate the B7-H3 expression in human esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109, we further studied the contribution of high B7-H3 expression to the biological features of this malignancy. Our results showed that B7-H3 was highly expressed in the cell line Eca-109 and TE-1, the high expression level of B7-H3 in esophageal cancer tissues was significantly associated with tumor invasion and patient's poor survival. Moreover, the higher B7-H3 expression was significantly and inversely correlated to the CD3(+)T cells infiltration in tumor nest of esophageal cancer tissues. We successfully constructed the recombinant lentivirus of siRNA targeting B7-H3, and the cellular studies showed that the down regulation of B7-H3 expression could suppress the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in Eca-109 cells, which was consistent with the finding from the clinical sample cohort study. Collectively, the high B7-H3 expression was involved in the cancer progression of human esophageal cancer, and might contributed to the negative regulation of T-cell mediated antitumor response in tumor microenvironment, and the proliferation and mobility of esophageal cancer cells. The detailed mechanism and the potential value of clinical use targeting B7-H3 against human esophageal cancer merit further investigation.
Fatty Liver, Alcoholic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis Produced by Alcohol in Primates (1974)

Abstract Because previous experimental studies in which alcohol was fed to rats or volunteers led only to fatty liver, alcohol, 4.5 to 8.3 g per kilogram as isocaloric substitution for carbohydrate, was fed to 13 baboons for nine months to four years. The entire spectrum of alcoholic liver injury was produced, including fatty liver in all animals, alcoholic hepatitis in four and cirrhosis (in two). The data suggest that a nutritious diet will not prevent the development of alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis when excessive alcohol is chronically consumed. (N Engl J Med 290:128–135, 1974)
High-Dose 5-Fluorouracil with Uridine-Diphosphoglucose Rescue Increases Thymidylate Synthase Inhibition but Not 5-Fluorouracil Incorporation into RNA in Murine Tumors (2002)

5-Fluorouracil (5FU) shows a steep dose response curve in several experimental systems, but the clinical use of high doses is hampered by the toxic side effects of this drug. Uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) rescue allows an increase in the maximum tolerated dose of 5FU in mice from 100 (FU(100)) to 150 mg/kg (5FU(150)+UDPG) and the higher dose is more effective than the standard treatment against several tumors. In the present paper we report on the effect of high-dose 5FU on thymidylate synthase (TS) levels and on 5FU incorporation into RNA. In the resistant murine tumor (Colon 26A) high-dose 5FU inhibited TS catalytic activity 8 h after treatment (4-fold; p = 0.00041) and the inhibition persisted until day 3 (p < 10(-4)). Standard-dose 5FU did not significantly inhibit TS activity. In a relatively sensitive tumor (Colon 26-10), there was no difference in the initial extent of TS inhibition by the two 5FU doses, but TS was still inhibited (2-fold) on day 3 after (5FU(150)+UDPG) while it was within the normal range after 5FU(100). In both tumor types TS activity showed an impressive rebound (3-fold) on days 3-7, and this occurred after both 5FU doses. In Colon 26A, however, a new 5FU injection on day 7 was still able to inhibit TS but not as effectively as the first dose. 5FU incorporation into RNA reached similar peak values (8 pmol/microg RNA) after the two 5FU doses, but the clearance was faster in mice receiving UDPG rescue. We conclude that UDPG does not interfere with the extent of TS inhibition by 5FU, but UDPG allows the use of a higher dose of 5FU resulting in enhanced TS inhibition. UDPG, however, increases 5FU clearance from RNA. In this experimental system the inhibition of TS seems essential in order to obtain a good antitumor activity, while 5FU incorporation into RNA does not seem to play a role in the antitumor activity of 5FU. Since preliminary results indicate that UDPG is well tolerated by patients, the use of higher 5FU doses may improve the response rate of human tumors.
Herecast:an open infrastructure for locationbased services using WiFi (2006)

This paper describes a location positioning system called Herecast. Herecast addresses many of the current weaknesses found in current location positioning systems. This paper describes the Herecast architecture and how it has been used to develop several location-aware applications
Mitochondria-associated ER membranes in Alzheimer disease (2012)

Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with the accumulation in the brain of extracellular neuritic plaques composed mainly of β-amyloid (Aβ) and of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau. It is also associated with other features that have received less attention, including aberrant phospholipid, cholesterol, and calcium metabolism, and altered mitochondrial function and dynamics. The underlying mechanism(s) that might explain these observations are currently unknown. We recently showed that presenilin-1 (PS1), presenilin-2 (PS2), and γ-secretase activity, which processes the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to generate Aβ, are located predominantly in a specialized subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that is physically and biochemically connected to mitochondria, called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAM). MAM is an intracellular lipid raft-like structure intimately involved in cholesterol and phospholipid lipid metabolism, in calcium homeostasis, and in mitochondrial function and dynamics. The coincidence of the functions associated with MAM with the symptomatology of AD led us to speculate that presenilins play a role in maintaining MAM function. We found that, consistent with this supposition, both MAM function and ER-mitochondrial connectivity are increased significantly in AD, which may help explain many of the biochemical and morphological features of the disease. Based on these findings, we propose that AD is fundamentally a disorder of ER-mitochondrial communication (the "MAM hypothesis"). This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Mitochondrial function and dysfunction in neurodegeneration'.
Role of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase Syk in Regulating Cell-Cell Adhesion and Motility in Breast Cancer Cells (2009)

The expression of the Syk protein tyrosine kinase in breast cancer cells is inversely correlated with invasive growth and metastasis. The expression of Syk inhibits cell motility while supporting the formation of cell clusters by enhancing cell-cell contacts and promoting the redistribution of the adhesion proteins cortactin and vinculin to these contacts. Syk associates physically with cortactin and catalyzes its phosphorylation on tyrosine. The clustering of integrins leads to the phosphorylation of Syk and of numerous cellular proteins in a manner dependent on the activity of the kinase and on the presence of tyrosine 342 located in the linker B region. The ability of Syk to participate in integrin-mediated protein tyrosine phosphorylation correlates well with its ability to inhibit cell motility.
Computer recognition of hand-written characters using the distance transform (1992)

A new statistical classifier for hand-written character recognition is presented. The system features a preprocessing phase for image normalisation and a distance transform applied to the normalised image, which converts a B/W picture into a grey scale image. A k-nearest-neighbour classifier follows, based on the distance transform and a suitable metric. The system has an accuracy of 98.96% when applied to the US Post Office zip code database, at 0.98% error rate.
New intrinsic gettering process in Czochralski-silicon wafer (2002)

A new intrinsic gettering (IG) process was established in Czochralski-silicon (CZSi) wafer subjected to a one-step annealing sequence based on the interaction of interstitial oxygen with the defects induced by neutron irradiation. The defects in Czochralski silicon wafer can be controlled by neutron irradiation. When irradiation flux changes from 5/spl times/10/sup 17/ to 1.5/spl times/10/sup 18/ cm/sup -2/, combining with one-step high-temperature annealing procedure, the neutron irradiated wafers showed an excellent intrinsic gettering effect.
Towards a General Theory of Neural Computation Based on Prediction by Single Neurons (2008)

Although there has been tremendous progress in understanding the mechanics of the nervous system, there has not been a general theory of its computational function. Here I present a theory that relates the established biophysical properties of single generic neurons to principles of Bayesian probability theory, reinforcement learning and efficient coding. I suggest that this theory addresses the general computational problem facing the nervous system. Each neuron is proposed to mirror the function of the whole system in learning to predict aspects of the world related to future reward. According to the model, a typical neuron receives current information about the state of the world from a subset of its excitatory synaptic inputs, and prior information from its other inputs. Prior information would be contributed by synaptic inputs representing distinct regions of space, and by different types of non-synaptic, voltage-regulated channels representing distinct periods of the past. The neuron's membrane voltage is proposed to signal the difference between current and prior information ("prediction error" or "surprise"). A neuron would apply a Hebbian plasticity rule to select those excitatory inputs that are the most closely correlated with reward but are the least predictable, since unpredictable inputs provide the neuron with the most "new" information about future reward. To minimize the error in its predictions and to respond only when excitation is "new and surprising," the neuron selects amongst its prior information sources through an anti-Hebbian rule. The unique inputs of a mature neuron would therefore result from learning about spatial and temporal patterns in its local environment, and by extension, the external world. Thus the theory describes how the structure of the mature nervous system could reflect the structure of the external world, and how the complexity and intelligence of the system might develop from a population of undifferentiated neurons, each implementing similar learning algorithms.
Design and performance analysis for data transmission in GSM/GPRS system with voice activity detection (2002)

To efficiently utilize the bandwidth of cellular mobile systems and offer service of high quality to both voice and data users, we propose a protocol to integrate packet-switched data traffic into current time-division multiple-access (TDMA)-type circuit-switched digital voice systems. We analyze the performance of the proposed system, which transmits data packets in the silent periods of a conversation with voice activity detection and adapts itself to the GSM/GPRS system, which uses the idle channels to provide data services. We show that the proposed protocol can increase the bandwidth utilization efficiency and improve the throughput/delay performance of the data transmission while minimizing the impact on the current GSM/GPRS service.
MOv18 Monoclonal Antibody in Diagnostic Applications: Capability to Recognize the Histotype of the Original Tumor (1990)

Cells from 52 ascitic fluids and 28 abdominopelvic cavity washings, obtained from 46 ovarian cancer patients, 17 patients bearing malignancies of non ovarian sites and 17 patients with non-malignant ovarian diseases, were tested using 2 methods: traditional cytology and monoclonal antibody immunofluorescence. The immunologic test using the MOv18 MAb, raised against ovarian carcinoma, revealed immunoreactive cells in 83% of the 36 cytologically positive fluids and in one of the 8 negative fluids from ovarian carcinoma patients and in 18% of the 17 fluids from patients with non-malignant ovarian disease. Forty six cytologically positive ascitic fluids from malignant patients were analyzed in order to evaluate the ability of this MAb to identify the histotype of metastatic cells. Ninety-three percent (26/28) of the effusions from nonmucinous ovarian carcinomas contained MOv18-positive cells, whereas no reactive cells were found in cytologically malignant fluids from patients with ovarian tumors of other oncotypes or with carcinomas of non-ovarian origin. The MOv18 reagent, used as an adjuvant in cytological analysis, can help in the identification of the histotype of metastatic cells of unknown origin.
A direct 3-D shape modeling system (2002)

A newly developed 3-D shape modeling system based on constructive solid geometry (CSG) is described, in which a direct and interactive shape modeling process is supported. This feature is realized by a voxel model for real-time set operations, and a volume scanning display for the direct visualization of the voxel model, besides the CSG model for data structure management. The set operations on the voxel model can be executed as simple bit calculations, and therefore, the voxel data for the set object can be created in real time. The volume scanning display is a suitable device for presenting the voxel data. There is not need for intensive calculations to display the set objects. The volume scanning display can provide exact 3-D images without goggles or glasses. The concept should be useful in an actual modeling environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and Implementation of a Data Persistence Layer for the GEMMA Framework (2017)

Data within an organization is highly structured and organized into specified applications or systems. These systems have a different function within an organization, so each user will have a different level to access each system. So by the data mapping approach user can easily isolate those data and prepare the declarations for the available data element. Generic Modular Mapping Framework (GEMMA) a new common generic framework for data mapping was developed by Airbus Group Innovation GmbH to avoid numerous potential issues in matching data from one source to another. It is geared towards the high flexibility in dealing with a large number of different challenges in handling huge data. It has an open architecture that allows the inclusion of the application-specific code and provides a generic rule-based mapping engine that allows the users to define their own mapping rules. But GEMMA tool is presently used to read and process the data on the fly in memory, as each time the tool is used for mapping data from different sources. This has an impact on large memory consumption when handling large data and is inefficient in storing and retrieving the session data which are the user decisions. This paper provides a detailed description of the GEMMA tool, with the new concept for specific requirements inherited in the framework and in the current architecture to achieve the goals.
Purification and Characterization of β-N-Acetylhexosaminidases and β-Galactosidase from Streptococcus 6646K1 (1976)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>
Perinatal exposure to 4-nonylphenol can affect fatty acid synthesis in the livers of F1 and F2 generation rats (2018)

<i>Objective</i>: To explore the effects of different dosages of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on the fatty acid synthesis and estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression in the livers of F1 and F2 rats. <i>Method</i>: Pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, NP-5 (5 μg per kg per day), NP-25 (25 μg per kg per day) and NP-125 (125 μg per kg per day). 4-NP was gavaged from gestation day (GD) 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21. Some female rats from the experimental groups were mated with male rats from the control group to obtain the F2 rats. F1 generation rats (23 weeks old) and F2 generation rats (13 weeks old) were killed to detect blood biochemistry and the expression of genes and proteins. <i>Results</i>: Compared with the control group, 4-NP (NP-5, NP-25 and NP-125) can increase the liver organ coefficient of the F1 male offspring (<i>P</i> < 0.05 or <i>P</i> < 0.01). The concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the F1 female NP-5 group was significantly higher than that of the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.01); other indicators had not changed, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). As the dosage of 4-NP increased, more significant changes of blood biochemistry were found, especially in the NP-125 rats (<i>P</i> < 0.05 or <i>P</i> < 0.01). The changes of histopathology by liver biopsy were consistent with biochemical indices of blood (<i>P</i> < 0.05 or <i>P</i> < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis increased significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05 or <i>P</i> < 0.01), and the degrees of increase were proportional to the dose of 4-NP, as measured by lipoprotein lipase (<i>Lpl</i>), fatty acid synthetase (<i>Fas</i>), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (<i>Srebp-1</i>) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (<i>Ppar</i>)-<i>γ</i>. The expression of genes and proteins of ERα were changed significantly, as well (<i>P</i> < 0.05 or <i>P</i> < 0.01). The above changes in the liver tissues of F2 generation rats were consistent with the F1 generation rats. <i>Conclusion</i>: Perinatal exposure to 4-NP can affect the synthesis of fatty acid in the livers of F1 and F2 generation rats. The low expression of ERα may be one of the mechanisms by which 4-NP affected fatty acid synthesis in the livers of rats.
BLEPHAROSPASM: FEATURES OF HUMAN INFERIOR CUL-DE-SACS (1994)

1University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Southern College of Optometry, Memphis, TN.
High-Level Expression of Recombinant Fc Chimeric Proteins in Suspension Cultures of Stably Transfected J558L Cells (2002)

Recombinant Fc chimeric proteins are useful tools for studying protein function, including the analysis of molecular interactions by techniques such as expression cloning. Here we describe a method we have used to express the IgLON family proteins, CEPU1 and OBCAM, as recombinant Fc chimeric proteins in stably transfected mouse J558L myeloma cells. The use of this cell line provided the opportunity to maximize protein production, as it secretes antibodies in large quantities and can be grown to high density in small volumes of culture medium. Isolation of recombinant OBCAMFc from the adherent COS7 cell line suggested a minimum level of expression of 0.07 mg OBCAMFc/100 mL culture medium, while the J558L cell line expressed OBCAMFc at approximately 11.4 mg/100 mL culture medium. Purification of IgLON-Fc expressed by J558L cells was simpler than purification from COS7 cells because of the lower volume of culture medium generated. Furthermore, contamination of J558L expressed IgLONFc with bovine IgG from the culture medium was negligible. The method presented, which utilizes a commercially available small-scale bioreactor, provides the nonspecialist protein expression laboratory with the means to produce recombinant proteins quickly and easily in milligram quantities.
The conversion of members' rights in South African retirement funds from defined benefits to defined contributions and the statutory apportionment of the resulting actuarial surplus (2004)

This paper reviews and discusses the history of the conversion of members' rights in South African retirement funds from defined benefits to defined contributions. It explains the development of the law in this regard, including legislation governing the apportionment of surplus on conversion. It draws lessons from the process and discusses its ongoing effects. Keywords: Retirement funds; defined benefits; defined contributions; conversion; apportionment of surplus South African Actuarial Journal Vol.4 2004: 1-62
Room-Temperature Printing of Micron-Scale-Wide Metal Lines for Microsystems via Atmospheric Microsputtering (2019)

We report a novel ion drag beam-focused, atmospheric pressure microplasma sputterer that allows, for the first time, direct-write additive manufacturing of electronics-quality conductive lines on temperature-sensitive substrates. Gold lines as narrow as 1.7 μm (i.e., on par with state-of-the-art CMOS metallization, and up to two orders of magnitude finer than reported values from competing microsputtering reactors), with electrical resistivity as low as 30 μΩ-cm without annealing (i.e., half the reported resistivity value from low-temperature silver nanoparticle ink imprints), and roughness as low as 1.3 nm are reported. Smooth, conductive lines with thickness in the 30 nm to 250 nm range were successfully created.
Opportunities for new research using the post-2001 ONS Longitudinal Study. (2005)

The addition of 2001 Census data to the ONS Longitudinal Study extends the range of research topics that this unique data resource can support. Census questions on religion, care-giving and self-rated health that were asked for the first time in 2001 and the repetition of 1991 questions on limiting long-standing illness and ethnicity raise opportunities for new longitudinal investigation in these areas. This article describes how new 2001 methodologies including data imputation, the One Number Census and de jure enumeration affect the LS database. The support service for existing and prospective LS users is described.
Classification of Sleep-disordered Breathing (2001)

Increasing recognition of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and its morbidity have prompted reevaluation of techniques to identify respiratory events during sleep. The present study was designed to evaluate the utility of various metrics of SDB and to identify the optimal respiratory metric that objectively correlates to symptoms of excessive daytime somnolence (EDS). Metrics were derived from combinations of conventional apnea/hypopnea, flow limitation events (transient elevated upper airway resistance identified by characteristic flattening on the flow/time tracing, using a noninvasive nasal cannula technique), desaturation, and arousal. A total of 137 subjects underwent clinical evaluation and nocturnal polysomnogram. In 34 randomly selected subjects, the best metrics for discriminating between 13 subjects with no EDS/snoring and 21 patients with EDS and snoring were identified by receiver operator curve analysis. Of the metrics and cut points tested, a total respiratory disturbance index (RDI(Total), sum of apneas, hypopnea, and flow limitation events) of 18 events/h was found to have the best discriminant ability (100% sensitivity and 96% specificity). Prospective testing of this metric was then performed with the remaining 103 subjects (14 nonsnoring non-EDS, 21 snoring non-EDS, 68 snoring with EDS). Using this cutoff of 18 events/h, we obtained 71% sensitivity and 60% specificity for identifying subjects with EDS. We conclude that, in subjects with upper airway dysfunction, an index that incorporates all respiratory events provides the best quantitative physiological correlate to EDS.