gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ameliorating effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on gastric dysrhythmia, delayed emptying, and impaired accommodation in diabetic rats (2010)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on gastric accommodation, gastric dysrhythmia, and gastric emptying (GE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Five experiments were performed in five groups of STZ-induced diabetic rats to study the effects of EA at ST-36 (Zusanli) on gastric slow-wave dysrhythmia, delayed GE and intestinal transit, impaired gastric accommodation, and the mechanisms of EA involving the autonomic and opioidergic pathways. We found the following: 1) EA improved gastric dysrhythmia in the diabetic rats. The normal percentage of slow waves was 55.4 +/- 2.9% at baseline and significantly increased to 69.2 +/- 2.2% with EA (P = 0.01); this effect was blocked by naloxone. 2) EA resulted in a 21.4% increase in GE and 18.2% increase in small intestinal transit in the diabetic rats. 3) EA restored diabetes-induced impairment in gastric accommodation. Gastric accommodation was 0.98 +/- 0.13 ml with sham EA and significantly increased to 1.21 +/- 0.15 ml with EA (P = 0.01), and this effect was blocked by naloxone. 4) EA increased vagal activity assessed by the spectral analysis of the heart rate variability. We concluded that EA at ST-36 improves gastric dysrhythmia, delayed GE and intestinal transit, and impaired accommodation in STZ-induced diabetic rats, and the improvement seems to be mainly mediated via the vagal pathway. EA may have a promising therapeutic potential for diabetic gastroparesis.
Evidence for Antibody Activity against the Receptor for IgE in a Rabbit Antiserum Prepared against IgE-Receptor Complexes (1978)

Abstract A rabbit antiserum prepared against rat IgE-receptor complexes was examined for evidence of antibody activity against receptors for IgE. The antibodies were specifically purified by absorption onto and subsequent elution from intact rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells and rendered specific for mast cells by absorption with mast cell-depleted rat peritoneal exudate cells. Surface-labeled RBL cells were extracted with Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) and the soluble extract was incubated with the purified antibodies; the components bound by the antibodies were analyzed on 10% SDS polyacrylamide gels. The major component bound by the antibodies had a relative mobility identical to that of the receptor for IgE. Confirmation that this component was indeed the receptor for IgE was shown in that this receptor was progressively removed from the NP-40 extract by increasing amounts of the purified antibodies. The ability of these purified antibodies to interact with the receptor was strongly inhibited when the receptor was complexed with IgE; in addition, the purified antibodies demonstrated little activity against purified IgE-receptor complexes. These results suggested that the antigenic site(s) interacting with the purified antibodies were either in or closely adjacent to the IgE-binding site on the receptor. In contrast, the original antiserum, after removal of anti-IgE antibodies by absorption with IgE covalently linked to Sepharose, demonstrated significant activity against the purified IgE-receptor complexes. This suggested that antibodies against sites on the receptor distant from the IgE-combining site were present in the original antiserum. These sites were probably buried in the membrane and thus lost in the antibody purification procedure.
Multi-frequency acoustics for suspended sediment studies: an application in the Parana River (2013)

A method of using two acoustic Doppler current profilers operating at different frequencies and employed at the same measuring vertical to sample a profile of suspended sediment concentration has been previously applied in the Parana River (Argentina) but has not been validated by direct sediment samples. The present work fills this gap by reporting new field data and comparing them with acoustically inferred sediment concentrations. The agreement between directly measured sediment concentrations and grain sizes with corresponding estimates from an employed backscatter model was found to be good (squared correlation coefficients are 0.9 and 0.8, and mean deviations are 14 and 6%, respectively). The interrelations between flow velocity and suspended sediment concentration at fixed locations and in a moving mode along a river cross-section have been also investigated. Observed events of bed sediment re-suspension were found to be highly correlated with fluctuations of the vertical flow velocity, with a 100–150s quasi-periodicity. The size of re-suspension plumes was increasing from the channel thalweg to the low-submerged bar areas.
Endometrial Cancer-Associated FGF18 Expression Is Reduced by Bazedoxifene in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells In Vitro and in Murine Endometrium (2016)

Endometrial cancer develops during exposure to estrogen unopposed by progesterone. Traditional formulations for menopausal hormone therapy include a progestin in women with a uterus. However, progestin exposure increases breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Alternatives to progestin include bazedoxifene (BZA), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, which prevents estrogen induced endometrial hyperplasia in clinical trials. Molecular mechanisms responsible for BZA's antiproliferative effect are not fully elucidated. We profiled endometrial adenocarcinoma, hyperplasia, and normal proliferative endometrium for differential expression in genes known to be regulated by estrogens or progesterone. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)18, a paracrine growth factor promoting epithelial proliferation, was significantly increased in adenocarcinoma. Progesterone represses FGF18 by inducing heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2 (HAND2) in stromal cells. Notably, we confirmed lower HAND2 mRNA in adenocarcinoma, along with higher FGF tyrosine kinase receptor 2 and E74-like factor 5, collectively promoting FGF18 activity. We hypothesized BZA reduces epithelial proliferation by inhibiting FGF18 synthesis in stromal cells. To determine whether BZA regulates FGF18, we treated primary stromal cells with BZA or vehicle. In vitro, BZA reduced FGF18, but did not affect, HAND2. CD1 female mice received either BZA, conjugated estrogen (CE), or combined BZA/CE for 8 weeks. CE-treated mice had nearly 3-fold higher FGF18 expression. In contrast, BZA-treated mice, alone or with CE, had similar FGF18 as controls. Unexpectedly, BZA, alone or with CE, reduced HAND2 more than 80%, differing from progesterone regulation. Reduction of FGF18 is a potential mechanism by which BZA reduces endometrial proliferation and hyperplasia induced by estrogens. However, BZA works independently of HAND2, revealing a novel mechanism for progestin-free hormone therapy in postmenopausal women.
Synthesis and polymerization of 1,3‐bis‐(2,3‐epoxypropylphenyl)tetramethyldisiloxanes and related compounds (1967)

Abstract 1,3‐Bis[ p ‐(2,3‐epoxypropyl)phenyl]tetramethyldisiloxane and its meta isomer were synthesized and subsequently cured with m ‐phenylenediamine. Dielectric properties of the cured resin derived from the para isomer were measured between 25 and 100°C. The ambient temperature dielectric constant of the resin at 1 kc./sec. was 3.4, its dissipation factor was 0.01, and its volume resistivity was 10 14 ohm‐cm. at 500 v. d.c. Several allylphenylsiloxanes were also prepared by the cohydrolysis of allylphenyldimethylethoxysilane with dimethyldiethoxysilane, bis(dimethylethoxysilyl)benzene, and methyltriethoxysilane. Preliminary epoxidation studies on these latter materials were also carried out.
<title>Comparison of dictionary-based approaches to automatic repeating melody extraction</title> (2001)

Automatic melody extraction techniques can be used to index and retrieve songs in music databases. Here, we consider a piece of music consisting of numerical music scores (e.g. the MIDI file format) as the input. Segmentation is done based on the tempo information, and a music score is decomposed into bars. Each bar is indexed, and a bar index table is built accordingly. Two approaches were proposed to find repeating patterns by the authors recently. In the first approach, an adaptive dictionary-based algorithm known as the Lempel Ziv 78 (LZ-78) was modified and applied to melody extraction, which is called the modified LZ78 algorithm or MLZ78. In the second approach, a sliding window is applied to generate the pattern dictionary. It is called the Exhaustive Search with Progressive LEngth algorithm or ESPLE. Dictionaries generated from both approaches need to be pruned to remove non-repeating patterns. Each iteration of either MLZ78 or ESPLE is followed by pruning of updated dictionaries generated from the previous cycle until the dictionaries converge. Experiments are performed on MIDI files to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms. In this research, we compare results obtained from these two systems in terms of complexity, performance accuracy and efficiency. Their relative merits and shortcomings are discussed in detail.
Simulations of temperature field induced by laser in biological tissue (2001)

Hyperthermia is an important approach to treat tumor. Because the difference in the damage between normal and abnormal tissue disappears at high temperature, the distribution of temperature will influence the curative effect and the security of patients directly during laser treatment. Based on Monte-Carlo simulation of photon propagation, steady state temperature fields induced by continuous flat laser beam and Gaussian laser beam are calculated through solving bio-heat transfer equation with difference method, and the influences of various optical parameter on optical energy deposition and temperature elevation in biological are investigated in detail. The results show that pyrogenation area is wider than the area of light radiation, and the maximal energy deposition may not be corresponding to the maximal temperature elevation.
Improved Large-Scale Process Cooling Operation through Energy Optimization (2013)

This paper presents a study based on real plant data collected from chiller plants at the University of Texas at Austin. It highlights the advantages of operating the cooling processes based on an optimal strategy. A multi-component model is developed for the entire cooling process network. The model is used to formulate and solve a multi-period optimal chiller loading problem, posed as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. The results showed that an average energy savings of 8.57% could be achieved using optimal chiller loading as compared to the historical energy consumption data from the plant. The scope of the optimization problem was expanded by including a chilled water thermal storage in the cooling system. The effect of optimal thermal energy storage operation on the net electric power consumption by the cooling system was studied. The results include a hypothetical scenario where the campus purchases electricity at wholesale market prices and an optimal hour-by-hour operating strategy is computed to use the thermal energy storage tank.
Total Synthesis of Antheliolide A (2006)

The first synthesis of the structurally unique marine natural product antheliolide A (1) has been accomplished by the pathway outlined in Scheme 1. The sequence is stereocontrolled and has led to the synthesis of (+/-)-1, and ent-1 as well as 1. The route contains a number of noteworthy or novel steps including (1) formation of the mixed acetal 7, (2) the diastereoselective bicyclization to form 8 in which stereocenters are correctly established at each carbon of the four-membered ring, (3) the chain extension 8 --> 11, (4) the efficient closure of the nine-membered ring of 12, (5) the mild oxidative cleavage sequence 14 --> 17, and (6) the successful and quick formation of the last three rings of 1 from aldehyde 17 via 18. The synthesis of 1 has also resulted in the clarification of its absolute configuration, which had not been determined previously.
Equine Encephalomyelitis Due to a Protozoan Parasite Resembling Toxoplasma gondii (1974)

SUMMARY Four horses were admitted at different times to the Ohio State University Veterinary Hospital for treatment of a neurologic disease. After attempts at treatment, 2 horses died and 2 were euthanatized. On necropsy, focal malacia and hemorrhage were found in the spinal cord and brain. Necrosis of nervous tissue and perivascular cuffings of lymphocytes and macrophages occurred in association with organisms resembling Toxoplasma gondii . Unlike T gondii , the organisms extensively invaded neurons. They were arranged in rosettes and aggregates resembling cystlike structures. All organisms were distinctly periodic acid Schiff ( pas )-negative. A thin wall apparently separated the cystic structures from the surrounding tissue but, unlike T gondii , the wall did not stain with Wilder's silver impregnation.
The Effects of Processing Instruction and the Production-Oriented Approach on Chinese EFL Learners’ Improvement in Grammatical Accuracy and Complexity (2022)

This study investigated the effectiveness of comprehension-based processing instruction (PI) and the production-oriented approach (POA) on Chinese L1 learners’ acquisition of complex structures in L2 English. Two groups of first-year college students (n = 94) participated in an intensive skill-integrated course for two months. They were randomly assigned to either a processing instruction or a POA class. Their recognition and production of six target forms (present/past perfect, temporal adverbial clauses, indicative/subjunctive conditionals, and oblique relative clauses) were assessed in a pre-, post-, and delayed-test design. Overall, the POA group made greater progress than the PI group in both receptive and productive tasks, suggesting that POA can be a viable instructional strategy to facilitate L2 learners’ acquisition of complex grammatical features. POA was also found to be effective in fostering learners’ self-efficacy beliefs in L2 production. However, it did not induce them to apply those structures in spontaneous production contexts. PI was not as effective as POA in improving the students’ grammatical accuracy, while it nevertheless enhanced their intake of the target forms to a considerable degree.
The Homologous Region Sequence (hr1) of Autographa californica Multinucleocapsid Polyhedrosis Virus Can Enhance Transcription from Non-baculoviral Promoters in Mammalian Cells (2003)

The Autographa californica multinucleocapsid polyhedrosis virus homologous region sequence hr1 enhances transcription from the viral polyhedrin promoter in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells and independently functions as an origin of replication (ori) sequence. The binding of the host nuclear protein, hr1-binding protein (hr1-BP), is crucial for the enhancer activity (Habib, S., Pandey, S., Chatterji, U., Burma, S., Ahmad, R., Jain, A., and Hasnain, S. E. (1996) DNA Cell Biol. 15, 737-747 and Habib, S., and Hasnain, S. E. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 28250-28258). We demonstrate that hr1 can also enhance transcription from non-baculoviral promoters like cytomegalovirus and hsp70 in mammalian cells but does not support ori activity in these cells. Unlike insect cells, hr1 can also function in mammalian cells as an enhancer when present in trans. hr1 DNA sequence binds with high affinity and specificity to nuclear factors in the mammalian cells. The insect hr1-BP- and the hr1-BP-like proteins from mammalian cells (mhr1-BP) have different properties with respect to ion requirements, DNA groove binding, and molecular size. When mammalian cells are infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing two promoters, the baculovirus polyhedrin and Drosophila hsp70 gene promoter, the hsp70 gene promoter alone is active in these cells, and this activity is further enhanced by the presence of an additional hr1 in the recombinant virus. hr1 may thus also have a role in baculovirus-mediated gene delivery in mammalian cells.
Target-assisted self-cleavage DNAzyme probes for multicolor simultaneous imaging of tumor-related microRNAs with signal amplification (2019)

In this work, we have developed a novel and highly selective signal amplification strategy based on target-assisted self-cleavage DNAzyme probes for multicolor and simultaneous imaging of miRNA-222 and miRNA-223 in living cells. The fluctuation of miRNA-222 and miRNA-223 expression levels could also be monitored.
Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance Line Shape of a Linear Chain of Spins (1973)

Pulsed nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) experiments on the ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ nuclei were performed on single crystals of fluoroapatite for the applied magnetic field along the hexagonal $c$ axis. An expression for the ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ free-induction decay was calculated by exactly diagonalizing the Hamiltonian of a closed linear chain of five spins with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor dipolar interactions; the effects of other nuclei were included by using a Gaussian broadening function on the calculated multiplets. Good agreement between this theory and experiment was obtained.
A Pressure Control Valve Using MR Fluid (1999)

A novel control valve using MR fluid (MR valve) is proposed for fluid control systems. The MR or Magneto-Rheological fluid is a newly developed functional fluid whose apparent viscosity is controlled by the applied magnetic field intensity wider than that of Electro-Rheological fluid. The MR valve consists of a flow channel between a pair of magnetic poles and the differential pressure is controlled by the applied magnetic field intensity. It features simple, compact and reliable structure without moving parts.An MR valve is fabricated. The magnetic poles have 20mm×3Omm in face size and 3mm in gap length and are connected to an electromagnet. Through experiments on the static characteristics, it is found that the differential pressure is controlled by the applied magnetic field intensity under little influence of the flowrate, which corresponds to a pressure control valve. The differential pressure and output power changes of 0.68MPa and 20W are obtained with the input current and power changes of 710A-turns and 1.9W at the flowrate of 30cm3/s (1.8L/min).
An inducible nuclear factor binds to a growth hormone-regulated gene. (1990)

Transcription of the serine protease inhibitor (Spi) 2.1 gene, a member of the serine protease inhibitor family, is induced by growth hormone (GH) in rat liver. To further study the mechanism involved in this process, we have isolated and characterized the Spi 2.1 gene from a rat genomic library. Examination of the 5'-flanking region of the Spi 2.1 gene from normal animals revealed the presence of a DNase I hypersensitive site within 500 base pairs of the transcriptional initiation site, which was not detectable in hypophysectomized animals. Portions of the 5'-flanking region of the Spi 2.1 gene were fused to a heterologous promoter and reporter gene and introduced into primary rat hepatocytes by lipofection. Spi 2.1 sequences from -275 to -54 gave a 2-3-fold induction of reporter gene activity in cells grown in the presence of GH, similar to the level of induction of the endogenous Spi 2.1 mRNA in isolated hepatocytes. Further definition of the essential sequences revealed that a segment from -147 to -102 could confer GH responsiveness when linked in tandem copies in front of a heterologous promoter. Using the gel shift assay, a nuclear factor(s) from normal rat liver was identified which could interact with this minimal response fragment. The importance of this activity to GH regulation was suggested by the fact that it was absent in hypophysectomized animals but reappeared by 1 h after treatment of such animals with GH. The appearance of this activity was not blocked by pretreatment of animals with an inhibitor of protein synthesis, suggesting a preexisting factor is modified by GH to yield an activity which interacts with the Spi 2.1 gene.
Compositional and Thickness Dependence of the Ferromagnetic Anisotropy in Resistance of Iron-Nickel Films (1964)

Experiments are reported in which (1) the resistivity has been measured as a function of the angle between the magnetic field direction and the current direction and as a function of the thickness in 82% Ni-18% Fe thin films, (2) the ferromagnetic resistance anisotropy in these films has been measured as a function of thickness, (3) the anisotropy in the fractional magnetoresistance has been measured as a function of thickness in these films, and (4) the anisotropy in the fractional magnetoresistance of films ranging in composition from 65% Ni-35% Fe to 92% Ni-8% Fe has been measured. The angular dependence of the resistivity agreed with theoretical predictions, provided suitable values are assumed for the mean free path and bulk resistivity of the films. The ferromagnetic resistance anisotropy appears to be independent of film thickness in the range from 75 to 2500 Å. The anisotropy in fractional magnetoresistance is lower than in bulk due to an abnormally high value for the resistivity of the zero magnetostrictive films studied. Nonzero magnetostrictive films also exhibit anomalies when the anisotropy in fractional magnetoresistance is compared with that in bulk material. A simple analytic expression relating these resistance anomalies to the magnetostriction parameter for the films is explained in terms of the magnetostriction of the films and the fact that they are attached to the substrate.
Introduction (2010)

First of all, it is important to know the relationship between a ‘code’ and a ‘symbol’ in this context:
Human α- and β-Defensins Block Multiple Steps in Herpes Simplex Virus Infection (2006)

This study examined the ability of nine human defensins (HD) to protect against herpes simplex virus infection. Noncytotoxic concentrations of all six alpha-defensins (HNP1-4, HD5, and HD6) and human beta-defensin (hBD) 3 inhibited HSV infection. Two other beta-defensins, hBD1 and 2, lacked this protective activity. Synchronized assays revealed that HNP-4, HD6, and hBD3 acted primarily by preventing binding and entry, whereas HNP1-3 and HD5 also inhibited postentry events. Even when added several hours after entry, substantial reduction in viral gene expression ensued. Human cervical epithelial cells incubated with HNP-1 or HD5 accumulated the peptides intracellularly. Surface plasmon resonance studies revealed that HNPs 1, 2, 3, and HD5 bound HSV glycoprotein B (gB) with high affinity, but showed minimal binding to heparan sulfate, the receptor for attachment. In contrast, HNP-4 and HD6 bound heparan sulfate, but not gB. HBD3 bound both gB and heparan sulfate, but hBD1 and hBD2 bound neither. Admixture of HD5 with hydroxyethylcellulose significantly protected mice from a viral challenge lethal to controls receiving an inactive peptide or hydroxyethylcellulose alone. These findings demonstrate that HDs act at multiple steps in the HSV life cycle and support the development of defensins or defensin-like peptides as microbicides.
Integration Strategies for Enterprise Knowledge Graphs (2016)

Semantic computing and enterprise Linked Data have recently gained traction in enterprises. Although the concept of Enterprise Knowledge Graphs (EKGs) has meanwhile received some attention, a formal conceptual framework for designing such graphs has not yet been developed. By EKG we refer to a semantic network of concepts, properties, individuals and links representing and referencing foundational and domain knowledge relevant for an enterprise. Through the efforts reported in this paper, we aim to bridge the gap between the increasing need for EKGs and the lack of formal methods for realising them. We present a thorough study of the key concepts of knowledge graphs design along with an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various design decisions. In particular, we distinguish between two polar approaches towards data fusion, i.e., the unified and the federated approach, describe their benefits and point out shortages.