gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of transitional photoperiods on testicular development and puberty in male deer mice ( <i>Peromyscus maniculatus</i> ) (1984)

In a series of five experiments, young male deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) were exposed to photoperiods ranging in length from 3 to 19 h per 24-h period, as well as to constant light and constant darkness. Reproductive organ growth as measured at 6 weeks of age was inhibited by less than or equal to 11.5 h of light. In males receiving 11.5-19 h of light, there was a quantitative increase in reproductive organ size as a function of photoperiod. Rather than a 'critical' photoperiod partitioning reproductive inhibition and stimulation, there was a zone of gradual transition from inhibition to full stimulation. Histological analysis of testes demonstrated that spermatogenesis was stimulated by long photoperiods. Examination of the epidermal surface of the penis by scanning electron microscopy indicated that penile spine development was also regulated by photoperiod.
Microchannel DNA Sequencing by End-Labelled Free Solution Electrophoresis (2005)

The further development of End-Labeled Free-Solution Electrophoresis will greatly simplify DNA separation and sequencing on microfluidic devices. The development and optimization of drag-tags is critical to the success of this research.
Ketogenic diet and other dietary treatments for epilepsy (2012)

Our review update included data from four new randomised studies of the ketogenic diet. Although none were blinded, some were of good quality. These studies suggest that in children, the ketogenic diet results in short to medium term benefits in seizure control, the effects of which are comparable to modern antiepileptic drugs. However, one study of long term outcome reports a high attrition rate for the diet. This would suggest that many children find the diet difficult to tolerate. The main reasons for drop-outs in the included studies included gastrointestinal side effects and dislike for the diet.We found just three studies on the use of the diet in adults and none of these were randomised. There has been less research involving other diets. We found one randomised study of reasonable quality of the Atkins diet. This study showed similar benefits in seizure control with a less restrictive diet.For those with medically intractable epilepsy or those in whom surgery is unsuitable, a ketogenic diet could improve seizure control, but tolerability is poor. One observational study suggested that the Atkins diet may have a similar effect on seizure control, but this requires more investigation.
Deep Neural Networks with Inexact Matching for Person Re-Identification (2016)

Person Re-Identification is the task of matching images of a person across multiple camera views. Almost all prior approaches address this challenge by attempting to learn the possible transformations that relate the different views of a person from a training corpora. Then, they utilize these transformation patterns for matching a query image to those in a gallery image bank at test time. This necessitates learning good feature representations of the images and having a robust feature matching technique. Deep learning approaches, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), simultaneously do both and have shown great promise recently. In this work, we propose two CNN-based architectures for Person Re-Identification. In the first, given a pair of images, we extract feature maps from these images via multiple stages of convolution and pooling. A novel inexact matching technique then matches pixels in the first representation with those of the second. Furthermore, we search across a wider region in the second representation for matching. Our novel matching technique allows us to tackle the challenges posed by large viewpoint variations, illumination changes or partial occlusions. Our approach shows a promising performance and requires only about half the parameters as a current state-of-the-art technique. Nonetheless, it also suffers from false matches at times. In order to mitigate this issue, we propose a fused architecture that combines our inexact matching pipeline with a state-of-the-art exact matching technique. We observe substantial gains with the fused model over the current state-of-the-art on multiple challenging datasets of varying sizes, with gains of up to about 21%.
Recovery of Superior Homozygous Progeny from Biparental Crosses and Backcrosses (1999)

Breeders of self‐pollinated species are often confronted with the question of how best to incorporate exotic germplasm into breeding populations. The objective of this work was to illustrate those situations in which a breeder might utilize one or more backcrosses to the better parent of a self‐pollinating population to increase the probability of recovery of desirable homozygous progeny from the population. The stochastic theory is presented along with probabilities associated with different conditions. The number of cycles of backcrossing needed to recover desirable progeny is a function of three variables specific to a particular pair of parents: the number of allelic differences between parents ( N ), the proportion ( k ) of desirable alleles in the better parent, and the number of loci homozygous for desirable alleles by which a progeny must exceed the number in the better parent to be selected ( n d ). In crosses between parents bearing equal or nearly equal numbers of desirable alleles ( k close to 0.5), selfing provides the greatest probability of recovering the desired plants. As k approaches 1, the increased probability of recovering desirable alleles by backcrossing to the better parent outweighs the decreased probability of recovering desirable alleles from the worse parent, and backcrossing is indicated. With increasing N , or increasing n d , more cycles of backcrossing are needed to maximize the probability of recovery of desirable plants.
Enhanced plasma persistence of therapeutic enzymes by coupling to soluble dextran (1977)

Conjugation of carboxypeptidase G and arginase, two enzymes of therapeutic interest, to a soluble dextran significantly enhanced plasma persistence in normal and tumour-bearing mice. A prolonged decrease in arginine concentrations in plasma of tumour-bearing mice was demonstrated by using the dextran-linked arginase. Gel filtration of dextran-enzyme conjugate showed that enzyme activity co-chromatographed as a single peak with carbohydrate, and enzyme was shown to be covalently linked to the dextran.
Design a wireless radio frequency identification based intelligent drug preparation system (2008)

A wireless radio frequency identification (RFID) based intelligent drug preparation system is developed and validated. Locations of the prescribed drugs on the drug shelf that correlated to a patientpsilas prescription in the hospital information system (HIS) are identified via RFID. During drug dispensing, pharmacists are prompted with such location information on a real-time basis such that a warning signal will be alarmed should the pharmacist picked up a wrong drug or mistakenly placing back a drug bottle into a wrong drug partition. By incorporating a digital pharmacopedia in the system, pictures and related information of the designated drugs will also be displayed concurrently with the patientpsilas drug orders. Improved drug dispensing efficiency and reduced human error can be achieved with the aid of the proposed system.
Pilot study of H<sub>2</sub> therapy in Parkinson's disease: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial (2013)

The results indicated that drinking H₂-water was safe and well tolerated, and a significant improvement in total UPDRS scores for patients in the H₂-water group was demonstrated.
Intrinsic multiprocessing (1967)

Multiple access systems for processing data from online experiments or remote consoles are normally treated by time-slicing multiprogramming techniques. A substantial share of CPU time is consumed with program swapping, terminal polling and buffering, I/O control, etc. This increases the overhead time loss and/or decreases the number of terminals a system can accommodate.
Continuous-time adaptive control of systems with unknown backlash (1995)

This paper addresses one of the nondifferentiable nonlinearities which appear very often in industrial control applications: backlash. The authors first present a right inverse of backlash and then give one of its possible implementations. Characteristics like backlash are seldom known, so an adaptive version of the authors' backlash inverse is more suitable for applications. The authors develop an adaptive backlash inverse scheme and apply it to feedback control of a known linear plant with an unknown backlash at its input. The authors use simulation results to illustrate achieved performance improvements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Triazoles as Plant Growth Regulators and Stress Protectants (1999)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Translocation and Efficacy of Application Methods General Plant Responses to Triazoles Mode of Action Stress Protection Potential and Current Applications A Novel Seed Treatment Technology Summary Literature Cited
Aldehyde dehydrogenase as a novel and potential therapy for conjunctival fibrosis (2014)

Fibroproliferative diseases including pulmonary fibrosis and scleroderma are leading causes of mortality. Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation and variable blistering and scarring of one or more of the mucous membranes and the skin. MMP affecting the conjunctiva was formally termed Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid (OCP). Ocular MMP (OcMMP) will be used in this thesis to describe studies carried out on MMP patients having ocular involvement as a major component of their disease. Therefore OcMMP is synonymous with the term OCP used in previous studies. OcMMP affects the readily accessible conjunctiva; providing a model disease for investigating the role and control of inflammation and fibrosis. Current immunosuppressive therapy fails to halt the aggressive and visually devastating scarring. This study aimed to identify novel pro-fibrotic genes and to use functional surrogate scarring assays to assess the gene products for their therapeutic potential. OcMMP fibroblasts maintained their phenotype in-vitro and exhibited increased collagen production and secretion, decreased matrix reorganisation and reduced rates of proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation. Gene expression profiling revealed that Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3 (ALDH1A3) is up regulated in OcMMP. Elevated expression of ALDH1A3 was confirmed by qPCR and protein levels assessed by western blot. Addition of disulfiram, a selective aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor restored phenotype and function of OcMMP fibroblasts to control cell levels. Conversely, aldehyde dehydrogenase activation using retinoic acid added to control conjunctival fibroblasts cultures promoted OcMMP-like phenotype in the scarring assays. Protein phosphorylation profiling also uncovered potential ALDH1A3 signalling pathways and that ALDH1A3 may be mediating the fibrotic response in OcMMP by orchestrating impaired fibroblast/dendritic cell interactions and metabolic stress. These significant findings not only show that ALDH1A3 is a novel anti-scarring target in OcMMP but also that ALDH inhibition may be a novel therapeutic approach to fibrosis with application in OcMMP and one that should be evaluated in other scarring disorders.
Synthesis of N-derivatised pyrroles: precursors to highly functionalised electropolymers (1999)

We describe the synthesis and characterisation of 13 new pyrrole derivatives which provide routes to amino acid, di- and tri-peptide functionalised electropolymers directly or via post-polymerisational chemistry.
[Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor-4 in fetal kidneys and pathological kidneys of children]. (2007)

The development of fetal kidneys in the early period could not be regulated by FGF-FGFR4 signal which takes part in the development of renal tubules and collecting duct in the mature period. The FGFR4 expression is related with renal pathology in children with PNS, AGN, HSPN or IHU. A proper increase of FGFR4 expression is beneficial to the recovery of renal tissues but an over-expression relates to a severe renal damage.
Scanner linearity (1993)

We describe a Iinearscannermodelthatprovides a useful characterization of the response of a scanner to diffusely reflecting surfaces. We show how the linear model can be used to estimate that portion of the scanner sensor responsivities that fall within the linear space spanned by the input signals. We also describe how the model can be extended to characterize a scanner's response to surfaces that fluoresce under the scanner illuminant.
Instruments and Methods for Characterizing Radioactive Aerosols (1972)

The importance of characterizing aerosol properties in evaluating the behavior and potential hazards of radioactive aerosols is emphasized. The instruments and techniques for studying the properties of radioactive aerosols including special properties such as chemical form, solubility, and state of electrostatic charge are discussed. The uses of electrostatic and thermal precipitators for electron-microscopic observations and measurements, and of various aerodynamic samplers such as impactors, centripeters, cyclones, and aerosol centrifuges for study of size distribution, particle density and shape factors, and relative specific activity are reviewed. The conventional terminology for describing particle size and size distributions is described with emphasis on the relationships to the factors associated with the potential hazards of inhaling radioactive aerosols.
Unambiguous Characterization of Gunshot Residue Particles Using Scanning Laser Ablation and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (2012)

A new method based on scanning laser ablation and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) for the detection and identification of gunshot residue (GSR) particles from firearms discharges has been developed. Tape lifts were used to collect inorganic residues from skin surfaces. The laser ablation pattern and ICPMS conditions were optimized for the detection of metals present in GSR, such as (121)Sb, (137)Ba, and (208)Pb. Other isotopes ((27)Al, (29)Si, (31)P, (33)S, (35)Cl, (39)K, (44)Ca, (57)Fe, (60)Ni, (63)Cu, (66)Zn, and (118)Sn) were monitored during the ICPMS analyses to obtain additional information to possibly classify the GSR particles as either characteristic of GSR or consistent with GSR. In experiments with real samples, different firearms, calibers, and ammunitions were used. The performed method evaluation confirms that the developed methodology can be used as an alternative to the standard scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) technique, with the significant advantage of drastically reducing the analysis time to less than 66 min.
A low stress bond pad design for low temperature solder interconnections on through silicon vias (TSVs) (2010)

Low temperature bonds are thin intermetallic bonds that are formed between devices when plated layers of different metals on each side of the component come into contact under relatively low temperature and high pressure. These joints comprised completely of intermetallic compounds, will fail in a sudden unexpected manner, compared to normal solder joints which fail in a ductile manner where cracks grow more slowly. This problem of weak interconnects is further exacerbated when these thin interconnections are formed on pads located above through-silicon vias (TSVs). When a change in temperature occurs, the mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) causes the copper inside the TSV to expand or contract much more than the surrounding silicon. This could result in unexpectedly high tensile stresses in the joints. This additional tensile stress on post-formation cooling to room temperature increases the likelihood of joint failure. This paper presents a novel pad design to overcome the situation of high stress in the joints. The proposed design does not involve any additional fabrication or material cost. Simulation results show that with the proposed pad design, the maximum tensile stress in the interconnect decreases by 50%. Reliability assessment has also done in order to compare the proposed pad design with the conventional design. It is found that the samples with the proposed design have a better drop impact reliability performance and higher shear strength than the samples with the usual pad design.
Efficient and facile tuning of Vulcan XC72 with ultra-small Pt nanoparticles for electrocatalytic applications (2015)

In this work, we report a facile and straightforward approach for the preparation of electroactive catalysts based on the anchoring of crystalline, ultrafine Pt nanoparticles on the surface of amino-functionalized Vulcan XC72.
<i>Escherichia coli</i>Shiga toxins induce apoptosis in epithelial cells that is regulated by the Bcl-2 family (2000)

Human intestinal cells lack globotriaosylceramide (Gb(3)), the receptor for Shiga toxin-1 (Stx1) and Shiga toxin-2 (Stx2). Therefore, the role of these toxins in mediating intestinal disease during infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is unclear. The aims of this study were to determine whether Stx1 and Stx2 induce apoptosis in epithelial cells expressing (HEp-2, Caco-2) or lacking (T84) Gb(3) and to characterize the role of the Bcl-2 family. Stx1 (12.5 ng/ml) induced apoptosis in both HEp-2 (21.9 +/- 7.9% vs. 0.8 +/- 0.3%, P = 0.01) and Caco-2 (10.1 +/- 1.2% vs. 3.1 +/- 0.4%, P = 0.006) cells but not in Gb(3)-deficient T84 cells. Toxin-mediated apoptosis of HEp-2 cells was associated with enhanced expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax. Inhibition of caspase activation prevented toxin-stimulated apoptosis. In addition, overexpression of Bcl-2 by transient transfection blocked Stx1-stimulated cell death. These findings indicate that Shiga toxins produced by E. coli signal Gb(3)-expressing epithelial cells to undergo apoptosis in association with enhanced Bax expression, thereby resulting in activation of the caspase cascade.
Fast calculation of Fresnel diffraction calculation using AMD GPU and OpenCL (2011)

This paper presents a fast calculation of Fresnel diffraction, which is used for various optics calculation with a GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) made by AMD and OpenCL (Open Computing Language). The maximum computational speed is about 15 times faster than a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
Sexing Mammalian Sperm – Where Do We Go from Here? (2012)

The only commercially viable method of sexing mammalian sperm is to use a flow cytometer to measure sperm DNA content via fluorescence of the DNA-bound fluorophore Hoechst 33342, and then sort sperm into three populations, probably X, probably Y, and undetermined. Millions of insemination doses of sexed sperm are produced annually by this procedure. Although accuracy of sexing usually exceeds 90%, this procedure of sexing one sperm at a time has serious limitations, including cost, sort rates, and damage to sperm resulting in lowered fertility, but not abnormalities in offspring. Suggested areas for research include determining how sperm are damaged and where in the process of fertilization and embryonic development the infertility is manifest. Pre and post sorting procedures are done in approximately hourly batches, and these might be changed to continuous procedures. Numerous genetic, physical, and immunological procedures for sexing millions of sperm in parallel have been proposed, but none appears to be suitable for commercialization at this time due to issues of accuracy, repeatability, damage to sperm, and other problems. However, increasing numbers of reports are appearing concerning improvements in these procedures, and it appears inevitable that one or more of them eventually will prove to be efficacious. In developing such procedures, it is critical to monitor sexing accuracy regularly by rapid and inexpensive procedures such as fluorescence in situ hybridization, quantitative PCR, or sort reanalysis by flow cytometry. Furthermore, monitoring fertility of sexed sperm such as in vitro fertilization should be integral to the development process. Intellectual property issues could be substantive.
Simplified approaches to determine the attractant preference of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (2008)

The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, is an invasive species that has been introduced into the United States and more recently into several countries in the Asian-Pacific region. The foraging dynamics of this pest ant is important in understanding its interactions with native ant species and in devising the most effective toxic bait control methods. In this study the effect of worker density, size of the foraging area, the number of food lures, duration of experiments, and the effect of the queen on foraging activity were investigated under laboratory conditions. The results showed that of the four ant densities investigated (very small, small, medium and high) the medium ant density most consistently had more workers at the food lures than the other ant density situations. The percentage of worker ants at the food lures was negatively correlated with an increase in foraging territory size for all four worker ant densities. Significantly fewer foragers were observed in the foraging areas when a queen was present, then when the queen was absent. In addition, when number of food lures was increased from 1 to 12, the mean number of workers found at the lures was significantly higher when four food lures were present. Furthermore, the number of worker ants observed on the food lures increased for the first 2.5 h and then decreased with time. The study suggests that observations of foraging activity could be restricted to 2.5 h. These data lay the ground work for further studies in optimizing the effectiveness of fire ant bait toxicants.
Marine natural products as therapeutic agents (1999)

AbstractThe marine environment has been shown to provide a source of great diversity of chemical structures with promising biological activities. A growing number of these compounds are entering clinical trials and thus, the impact of this field on the biomedical industry is increasing. The majority of recent patents discussing marine natural products have focused on the discovery of antitumour agents with the antiviral and anti-inflammatory areas receiving significantly less attention. The phylum Porifera is the source of the greatest number of metabolites described in recent patents. The review is organised phylogenetically and will provide a description of the patent literature in the field of marine natural products focussing on the period 1996 to April 1999.Keywordsanticanceranti-inflammatoryantiviralindustrymarinemetabolitenatural product