gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of the Fully Phosphorylated GPI Anchor Pseudohexasaccharide of <i>Toxoplasma </i><i>g</i><i>ondii</i> (2001)

Retrosynthesis of the fully phosphorylated glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchor pseudohexasaccharide 1a led to building blocks 2-6, of which 5 and 6 are known. The formation of pseudodisaccharide building block 2 is based on readily available building block 7, which gave, via derivative 11 and its glycosylation with known donor 12, the desired compound 2. Building block 3, with the required access to all hydroxy groups being permitted, was prepared from mannose in five steps. From a readily available precursor, building block 4 was obtained, which on reaction with 3 gave disaccharide 23. The synthesis of the decisive pseudohexasaccharide intermediate 32 was based on the reaction of 23 with 5, then with 6, and finally with 2. To obtain high stereoselectivity and good yields in the glycosylation reactions, anchimeric assistance was employed. To enable regioselective attachment of the two different phosphorus esters, the 6f-O-silyl group of 32 was first removed and the aminoethyl phosphate residue was attached. Then the MPM group was oxidatively removed, and the second phosphate residue was introduced. Unprotected 1a was then liberated in two steps: treatment with sodium methanolate removed the acetyl protecting groups, and finally, catalytic hydrogenation afforded the desired target molecule, which could be fully structurally assigned.
Inhibition of human α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by open channel blockers of <i>N</i>‐methyl‐<scp>D</scp>‐aspartate receptors (2003)

1. Human alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and the effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor open channel blockers memantine and cerestat on this receptor were examined using two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings and 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (125I-alpha-bgtx) binding. 2. Memantine and cerestat produced complete inhibition of ACh-induced inward currents with affinities similar to that reported for native NMDA receptors. Cerestat, IC50 1.7 (-1; +2) microm, was more potent than memantine, IC50 5 (-3;+8) microM, and the effects of both drugs were fully and rapidly reversible. 3. Inhibition of alpha 7 receptor function was voltage-independent, and it occurred at concentrations far lower than those needed to inhibit (never completely) binding of 125I-alpha-bgtx to alpha 7 receptors, suggesting that the effects of memantine or cerestat are noncompetitive. 4. These results provide evidence that human alpha 7 receptors are inhibited by memantine and cerestat and suggest that caution should be applied when using these compounds to study systems in which NMDA and nACh receptors co-exist.
Driver Classification Using ve-DYNA Advanced Driver (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A driver model is presented that accounts for individual driver behavior and allows driver classification or behavior for common driving tasks. Typical driver errors can be modeled by means of parameters of the driver controller and by influencing the driving course. This is illustrated for some typical driver types and driving maneuvers.</div>
Using the Forest to See the Trees: Exploiting Context for Visual Object Detection and Localization (2010)

Recognizing objects in images is an active area of research in computer vision. In the last two decades, there has been much progress and there are already object recognition systems operating in commercial products. However, most of the algorithms for detecting objects perform an exhaustive search across all locations and scales in the image comparing local image regions with an object model. That approach ignores the semantic structure of scenes and tries to solve the recognition problem by brute force. In the real world, objects tend to co-vary with other objects, providing a rich collection of contextual associations. These contextual associations can be used to reduce the search space by looking only in places in which the object is expected to be; this also increases performance, by rejecting patterns that look like the target but appear in unlikely places. Most modeling attempts so far have defined the context of an object in terms of other previously recognized objects. The drawback of this approach is that inferring the context becomes as difficult as detecting each object. An alternative view of context relies on using the entire scene information holistically. This approach is algorithmically attractive since it dispenses with the need for a prior step of individual object recognition. In this paper we use a probabilistic framework for encoding the relationships between context and object properties and we show how an integrated system provides improved performance. We view this as a significant step towards general purpose machine vision systems. 1.
Toward a more accurate and extensible colorimetry. Part VI. Improved weighting functions. Preliminary results (1998)

This Part VI is a progress report, with two motivations. (1) To publish the new method of extraction of weighting functions, and to show the demonstrated large reduction of tristimulus error in an array of ten disparate visually-matching pairs of white lights, and (2) to attempt to interest others in joining the work. The direct extraction of improved weighting functions (WFs) from an array of visually matching pairs of white lights is the subject of Part VI. This new approach is made necessary by our finding (Part I) that color-matching functions by either the Maxwell method or by the maximum saturation method lead to large errors (discrepancies) in computed chromaticities of pairs of visually-matching lights. Using spectral power distributions (SPDs) of 5 types from Part IV, eight observers make 5 strongly metameric visual matches to the same broadband reference white light, with 1.3° visual field and 70 cd/m2 luminance of the reference white. Each of the resulting 5 SPDs is averaged over the 8 observers, and the 5 averaged SPDs are formed into 10 pairs (the five averaged visually-matching lights taken two at a time). Tristimulus values X, Y, and Z are computed for each member of each pair by the CIE 1931 weighting functions (color-matching functions) x, y, and z. Absolute ΔX, the tristimulus error (the difference between computed X1 and X2 of the visually-matching lights), is computed for each pair and summed over the 10 pairs, as are ΔY and ΔZ. The often-large 10-pair total tristimulus error TTE is computed for X, Y, or Z. For example TTEX is the sum of the ten absolute ΔX's of the 10 pairs. Then x is progressively altered in spectral shape by an algorithm that on each iteration reduces TTEX. Weighting functions y and z are altered in turn. Reduction to 1–3%, of the TTE initially associated with the CIE weighting function, is achieved in this preliminary work. The changes in shape of the resulting functions are discussed. The simpler term “weighting function” is used rather than “color-matching function” for these, and it is recognized that, when finally correct, these functions should represent the three spectral sensitivities of the normal human visual system. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 23, 226–233, 1998
Noise Levels of Turbojet- and Turbofan-Powered Aircraft (1963)

First Page
A Comparison of Fish Oil Sources for Parenteral Lipid Emulsions in a Murine Model (2016)

PFO emulsions present an attractive possibility for improving inflammation in PN-dependent patients by concentrating anti-inflammatory EPA and DHA. However, 20% PFO emulsions were poorly tolerated and precipitated adverse end organ sequelae, suggesting that they may not be safe. Development of novel manufacturing methods may achieve safe 20% PFO parenteral emulsions, but by established formulation methods, these emulsions were clinically suboptimal despite meeting pharmacopeial standards.
Non-realistic 3D object stylization (2014)

In this paper we introduce the novel paradigm of non-realistic 3D stylization, where the expressiveness of a given 3D model is manifested in the 3D shape itself, rather than only in its rendering. We analyze the input model using abstraction, simplification, and symmetrization operators to determine important features that are later represented by new geometry. Doing so, we create a stylized and expressive representation of the input that can be rendered or might be printed using a 3D printer. We conducted a user study to verify the proposed stylizations and demonstrate the approach by using standard geometry of buildings as well as natural and technical objects.
Finite-element modeling of one- and two-dimensional MQW semiconductor optical waveguides (1993)

A finite-element characterization of optical waveguides incorporating multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures is presented. Optical modeling of a planar MQW region is tested to verify that the quantum-well region can be replaced by a homogeneous region with a suitable effective index. Optical modeling of a semiconductor laser incorporating MQW regions with two-transverse-dimensional confinement is then used to identify the range of single-lateral-mode operation. The effective index, the power fraction in the active region, and the spot size dependence on the total optical power for the case of a self-defocusing MQW region are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Bisection Method for Measuring the Distance of a Stable Matrix to the Unstable Matrices (1988)

We describe a bisection method to determine the 2-norm and Frobenius norm distances from a given matrix A to the nearest matrix with an eigenvalue on the imaginary axis. If A is stable in the sense that its eigenvalues lie in the open-left half plane, then this distance measures how “nearly unstable“ A is. Each step provides either a rigorous upper bound or a rigorous lower bound on the distance. A few bisection steps can bracket the distance within an order of magnitude. Bisection avoids the difficulties associated with nonlinear minimization techniques and the occasional failures associated with heuristic estimates. We show how the method might be used to estimate the distance to the nearest matrix with an eigenvalue on the unit circle.
The Role of the Principal. (1978)

While curriculum change can and should arise from various sources within a school, it is my belief, given the current level of inservice support for teachers, that the Principal must accept the pivotal role as initiator and facilitator of a school-based reading program. Many attempts have been made to give staff within a school the necessary skills, understanding and knowledge to carry out school-based curriculum development. The current level of support in this area, however, is insufficient to reach all schools. Therefore, many schools may find that, within the staff, and this includes the Principal, there is a limited level of expertise necessary to develop a reading program- Nevertheless, the fact that this training is insufficient does not mean that schools are unable to engage in effective school-based curriculum development in Reading.
PEARL: a programmable virtual router platform (2011)

Programmable routers supporting virtualization are a key building block for bridging the gap between new Internet protocols and their deployment in real operational networks. This article presents the design and implementation of PEARL, a programmable virtual router platform with relatively high performance. It offers high flexibility by allowing users to control the configuration of both hardware and software data paths. The platform makes use of fast lookup in hardware and software exceptions in commodity multicore CPUs to achieve highspeed packet processing. Multiple isolated packet streams and virtualization techniques ensure isolation among virtual router instances.
A formal methods approach to the analysis of mode confusion (2002)

The goal of the new NASA Aviation Safety Program (AvSP) is to reduce the civil aviation fatal accident rate by 80% in ten years and 90% in twenty years. This program is being driven by the accident data with a focus on the most recent history. Pilot error is the most commonly cited cause for fatal accidents (up to 70%) and obviously must be given major consideration in this program. While the greatest source of pilot error is the loss of situation awareness, mode confusion is increasingly becoming a major contributor as well. This paper will explore how formal models and analyses can be used to help eliminate mode confusion from flight deck designs and at the same time increase our confidence in the safety of the implementation. The paper is based upon interim results from a new project involving NASA Langley and Rockwell Collins in applying formal methods to a realistic business jet Flight Guidance System (FGS).
Aminoacyl nucleosides. VII. N-(purin-6-ylcarbamoyl)threonine. A new component of transfer ribonucleic acid (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAminoacyl nucleosides. VII. N-(purin-6-ylcarbamoyl)threonine. A new component of transfer ribonucleic acidMartin P. Schweizer, Girish B. Chheda, Lubomyr Baczynskyj, and Ross Hume HallCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 8, 3283–3289Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00836a023https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00836a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemical Sensing of Explosive Targets in the Bedford Basin, Halifax, Nova Scotia (2001)

No abstract prepared.
Identification and Characterization of Putative Secreted Antigens from<i>Babesia microti</i> (2003)

The need for improved diagnostic reagents to identify human long-term carriers of the zoonotic parasite Babesia microti is evidenced by numerous reported cases of transfusion-acquired infections. This report describes the identification and initial characterization of 27 clones representing seven genes or gene families that were isolated through serological expression cloning by using a technique that we specifically designed to screen for shed antigens. In this screen, sera from B. microti-infected SCID mice, putatively containing secreted or shed antigens from the parasites, were harvested and used to immunize syngeneic immunocompetent mice (BALB/c). After boosting, the sera from the BALB/c mice, containing antibodies against the immunodominant secreted antigens, were used to screen a B. microti genomic expression library. Analyses of the putative peptides encoded by the novel DNA sequences revealed characteristics indicating that these peptides might be secreted. Initial serological data obtained with recombinant proteins and a patient serum panel demonstrated that several of the proteins could be useful in developing diagnostic tests for detection of B. microti antibodies and antigens in serum.
In Vitro Pathogenicity of<i>Acanthamoeba</i>Is Associated with the Expression of the Mannose-Binding Protein (2006)

The data demonstrating that the pathogenic potential of Acanthamoeba directly correlates with the expression level of the MBP in conjunction with our published studies showing that Acanthamoeba MBP is a major virulence protein suggest that the amoeba lectin has the potential to serve as a marker of pathogenicity.
Excitatory amino acids (2002)

Recent developments in the understanding of the molecular function of memory and other CNS-mediated processes have arisen from the multidisciplinary interplay of excitatory amino acid synthesis and medicinal chemistry, X-ray crystallographic structural protein analysis, molecular biology, pharmacology and physiology. This review seeks to place recent synthetic developments of EAA analogues in the wider pharmacological setting, illustrating the need for and importance of these compounds.
Über die Diapause von Stenocranus minutus Fabr. (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). (Zugleich 6. Beitrag zur Biologie mitteleuropäischer Zikaden). (2017)

Die winterliche Entwicklungshemmung der weiblichen Gonaden von Stenocranus minutus Fabr. (Auchenorrhyncha, Delphacidae) erweist sich bei einer ersten experimentellen Analyse als eine während der Larvalentwicklung durch Langtag (18/6) induzierte Praeovipositionsdiapause, die nur durch eine (vierwöchige) Kurztagperiode (8/16) zu Beginn der Imaginalentwicklung aufgehoben werden konnte. Kurztag (8/16) während der Larvalentwicklung ergibt eine signifikant um 13% (Männchen) bzw. 18% (Weibchen) kleinere Modifikation (forma minutior), deren Ovarialentwicklung diapausefrei verläuft, so daß die jungen Weibchen bei Langtag schon nach wenigen Wochen mit der Eiablage beginnen. Die Bedeutung dieser photoperiodisch bedingten Umstimmung für Populationsdynamik und Morphogenese wird diskutiert.
Well-Defined Star-Shaped Polyglutamates with Improved Pharmacokinetic Profiles As Excellent Candidates for Biomedical Applications (2015)

There is a need to develop new and innovative polymer carriers to be used as drug delivery systems and/or imaging agents owing to the fact that there is no universal polymeric system that can be used in the treatment of all diseases. Additionally, limitations with existing systems, such as a lack of biodegradability and biocompatibility, inevitably lead to side effects and poor patient compliance. New polymer therapeutics based on amino acids are excellent candidates for drug delivery, as they do not suffer from these limitations. This article reports on a simple yet powerful methodology for the synthesis of 3-arm star-shaped polyglutamic acid with well-defined structures, precise molecular weights (MW), and low polydispersity (Đ = <1.3). These were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA) in a divergent method from novel multifunctional initiators. Herein, their exhaustive physicochemical characterization is presented. Furthermore, preliminary in vitro evaluation in selected cell models, and exhaustive in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, highlighted the advantages of these branched systems when compared with their linear counterparts in terms of cell uptake enhancement and prolonged plasma half-life.
“Supra Crystals” Made of Nanocrystals (2001)

Quantum-dot superlattices provide a new horizon in fundamental physics. The fabrication and characterization of well-defined 3D superlattices made of silver nanocrystals is described in this communication. “Supra crystals” of relatively large sizes could be obtained with very high reproducibility. The picture shows an SEM image at a 45° tilt of the silver nanocrystal aggregates on an HOPG substrate.
GSH transport and GSH-dependent detoxication in small intestine of rats exposed in vivo to hypoxia (1996)

The effects of hypoxia on glutathione (GSH) concentration and GSH-related enzyme and transport systems were studied in the small intestine of rats exposed to 8-10 days of 10.5% O2. Exposure to hypoxia resulted in a 40% lower GSH concentration in enterocytes and a 50% lower concentration in blood plasma. Activities of GSH-related detoxication enzymes in the intestinal epithelium were largely unaffected by hypoxic exposure. GSH degradation and synthesis rates in enterocytes isolated from hypoxic rats were comparable with rates in normoxic controls, but GSH uptake rate was decreased by 30%. Stimulation of absorption of GSH by phenylephrine, such as occurs in control rats, was not detectable in isolated, vascularly perfused intestines of hypoxic rats. Decreased GSH uptake was associated with enhanced transepithelial appearance of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in everted intestinal sacs incubated with peroxidized methyl linoleate. These results suggest that chronic hypoxia results in impaired uptake of GSH in the small intestine, and this may result in impaired GSH-related defense mechanisms in the small intestine.
Influence of Cultivar, Maturity, and Sampling on Blackberry (<i>Rubus</i>L. Hybrids) Anthocyanins, Polyphenolics, and Antioxidant Properties (2004)

Total anthocyanin pigments increased from 74.7 to 317 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) from underripe to overripe for Marion blackberries and from 69.9 to 164 mg/100 g FW for Evergreen blackberries. Total phenolics did not show a marked change with maturity with values slightly decreasing from underripe to ripe. Antioxidant activities, while increasing with ripening, also did not show the marked change that total anthocyanins exhibited. The impact of variation due to plots, subsampling, sample preparation, and measurement on Marion composition was examined in detail. Plot-to-plot and sample differences were the major contributors to variation, with sample preparation being an important contributor for some parameters. Measurement variation was a relatively small component of the total variation. Total anthocyanins for 11 blackberry cultivars ranged from 131 to 256 mg/100 g FW (mean = 198), total phenolics ranged from 682 to 1056 mg GAE/100 g FW (mean = 900), oxygen radical absorbance capacity ranged from 37.6 to 75.5 micromol TE/g FW (mean = 50.2), and ferric reducing antioxidant power ranged from 63.5 to 91.5 micromol TE/g FW (mean = 77.5).