gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Emissive and Color‐Tunable CuInS<sub>2</sub>‐Based Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Off‐Stoichiometry Effects and Improved Electroluminescence Performance (2012)

Abstract The off‐stoichiometry effects and gram‐scale production of luminescent CuInS 2 ‐based semiconductor nanocrystals, as well as their application in electroluminescence devices are reported. The crystal structures and optical properties of CuInS 2 nanocrystals can be significantly influenced by controlling their [Cu]/[In] molar ratio. A simple model adapted from the bulk materials is proposed to explain their off‐stoichiometry effects. Highly emissive and color‐tunable CuInS 2 ‐based NCs are prepared by a combination of [Cu]/[In] molar ratio optimization, ZnS shell coating, and CuInS 2 –ZnS alloying. The method is simple, hassle‐free, and easily scalable to fabricate tens of grams of nanocrystal powders with photoluminescence quantum yields up to around 65%. Furthermore, the performance of high‐quality CuInS 2 ‐based NCs in electroluminescence devices is examined. These devices have lower turn‐on voltages of around 5 V, brighter luminance up to approximately 2100 cd m −2 and improved injection efficiency of around 0.3 lm W −1 (at 100 cd m −2 ) in comparison to recent reports.
Focused beam‐stop array for the measurement of scatter in megavoltage portal and cone beam CT imaging (2008)

We describe a focused beam-stop array (BSA) for the measurement of object scatter in imaging systems that utilize x-ray beams in the megavoltage (MV) energy range. The BSA consists of 64 doubly truncated tungsten cone elements of 0.5 cm maximum diameter that are arranged in a regular array on an acrylic slab. The BSA is placed in the accessory tray of a medical linear accelerator at a distance of approximately 50 cm from the focal spot. We derive an expression that allows us to estimate the scatter in an image taken without the array present, given image values in a second image with the array in place. The presence of the array reduces fluence incident on the imaged object. This leads to an object-dependent underestimation bias in the scatter measurements. We apply corrections in order to address this issue. We compare estimates of the flat panel detector response to scatter obtained using the BSA to those derived from Monte Carlo simulations. We find that the two estimates agree to within 10% in terms of RMS error for 30 cm x 30 cm water slabs in the thickness range of 10-30 cm. Larger errors in the scatter estimates are encountered for thinner objects, probably owing to extrafocal radiation sources. However, RMS errors in the estimates of primary images are no more than 5% for water slab thicknesses in the range of 1-30 cm. The BSA scatter estimates are also used to correct cone beam tomographic projections. Maximum deviations of central profiles of uniform water phantoms are reduced from 193 to 19 HU after application of corrections for scatter, beam hardening, and lateral truncation that are based on the BSA-derived scatter estimate. The same corrections remove the typical cupping artifact from both phantom and patient images. The BSA proves to be a useful tool for quantifying and removing image scatter, as well as for validating models of MV imaging systems.
Passive guided wave tomography for pipes inspection (2019)

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) consists in embedding sensors in a structure like aircraft fuselages, pipes or ship hulls in order to detect defects (for example cracks or corrosion in metallic materials or delamination in composite materials) before a serious damage occurs in the structure. Guided elastic waves emitted by a sensor and propagating to another one are often used as the physical way of detecting the defect. However, the implementation of SHM systems is restricted in many situations by the necessity to store or to harvest the electric energy necessary to emit the waves and also by the intrusiveness of the sensors. Guided wave tomography imaging is able to localize and quantify the severity of the defect when it comes to loss of thickness such as corrosion or erosion. However, it needs many sensors (generally piezoelectric-PZT-transducers) and it has a cost, particularly in terms of intrusiveness. Passive guided wave tomography, which uses ambient ultrasonic waves that are naturally present in the structure, is a promising method to design an SHM system with minimal power consumption and intrusiveness since no energy is required to emit the waves. In this paper the application of passive tomography to pipe inspection and comparison with classical "active" guided waves tomography approach are described.
Synthesis of β-Lactams using a New Phosphorylating Agent<sup>1</sup>, Phenyl<i>N</i>-Methyl-<i>N</i>-phenylphosphoramidochloridate (1984)

A partir du compose phosphorylant du titre et de N,N-phtaloyl glycine ou d'acide phenoxyacetique puis d'imines, synthese d'azetidinones-2
Melatonin stimulates calmodulin phosphorylation by protein kinase C (2004)

Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent processes can be modulated by the availability of Ca(+2), the subcellular distribution of both CaM and its target proteins, CaM antagonism, and post-translational modifications such as CaM phosphorylation. Melatonin, the pineal secretory product synthesized during the dark phase of the photoperiod is an endogenous CaM antagonist. This indolamine causes CaM subcellular redistribution in epithelial MDCK and MCF-7 cells, and selectively activates protein kinase C alpha (PKC alpha) in neuronal N1E-115 cells. In the present work we have characterized the phosphorylation of CaM mediated by PKC alpha and its stimulation by melatonin in an in vitro reconstituted enzyme system. Additionally, the participation of MAPK and ERKs, downstream kinases of the PKC signaling pathway, was explored utilizing MDCK cell extracts as source of these kinases. Phosphorylation of CaM was characterized in the whole cells by MDCK cell metabolic labeling with [(32)P]-orthoposhospate, and CaM separation by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, as well as by immunocolocalization of phosphorylated threonine/serine residues and CaM in cultured cells incubated with melatonin. Our results show that melatonin increased CaM phosphorylation by PKC alpha with an EC(50) of 10(-8) m in the presence of the phorbol ester, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) in the in vitro reconstituted enzyme system. An increase in phosphorylated CaM was also observed in cells cultured with melatonin, or PMA for 2 hr, while, PKC, MAPK, or ERK inhibitors abolished CaM phosphorylation elicited by melatonin in MDCK cell extracts. Our data show that melatonin can stimulate phosphorylation of CaM by PKC alpha in the in vitro reconstituted system and suggest that in MDCK cells this phosphorylation is accomplished by PKC. Modification of CaM by melatonin can be another route to inhibit CaM interaction with its target enzymes.
쌀단백질이 첨가된 냉동 반죽으로 제조한 쌀 생면의 품질특성 (2019)

Purpose: Quality characteristics of the rice wet noodle, such as udong, using frozen dough with different amounts of rice protein and soy protein, were investigated. Methods: The rice flour and protein were prepared from the japonica type Sindongjin variety. The ratio of rice protein and soy protein isolate was 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, and 0:100. The color values of the rice flour dough and cooked noodles, noodle volume, cooking loss, water absorption after cooking, and texture properties were measured. Results: The color values of dough ranged from 84.70 to 87.41 for the L values, from -0.94 to -1.24 for redness (+a), and from 6.33 to 9.58 for yellowness (+b), and those of the cooked noodles ranged from 66.38~68.82 for L, -1.18~-1.43 for +a, and 1.67~2.71 for +b. The color values of the rice noodle prepared from frozen dough were not different those color values obtained from the raw noodle dough. The volume and cooking loss of rice noodles after cooking were 13.67~14.83 mL and 4.89~5.24%, respectively. The cooking loss of the rice noodle using frozen rice dough was increased. The hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and resilience of the cooked noodles made with 100% soy protein showed the highest values of 931.05 g/cm2, 0.65, 546.58 and 0.41, respectively. The elastic limit and distance by tensile test showed no significant difference between the different rice and soy protein ratios. The addition of rice protein decreased the hardness and cohesiveness of the cooked noodles, but those noodles maintained their elasticity compared to that of the noodles with added soy protein. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that texture quality of noodles with rice protein replaced by soy protein can be maintained after freezing the dough. The texture properties of rice wet noodle using rice protein can probably be improved by conducting further studies.
Bioavailability and activity of phytosome complexes from botanical polyphenols: the silymarin, curcumin, green tea, and grape seed extracts. (2009)

Plant-derived polyphenols are increasingly receiving attention as dietary supplements for the homeostatic management of inflammation, to support detoxication, and for anticancer, weight loss, and other benefits. Their pro-homeostatic effects on genes, transcription factors, enzymes, and cell signaling pathways are being intensively explored, but the poor bioavailability of some polyphenols likely contributes to poor clinical trial outcomes. This review covers four polyphenol preparations with poor bioavailability and their complexation into phytosomes to bypass this problem. Silybin and the other silymarin flavonolignans from milk thistle conserve tissue glutathione, are liver-protective, and have anticancer potential. Curcumin and its related diphenolic curcuminoids have potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. The green tea flavan-3-ol catechins have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardio- and neuro-protective effects, and anti-carcinogenic benefits, with fat oxidation effects coupled to weight loss. The complex grape seed proanthocyanidin mix (including catechin and epicatechin monomers and oligomers) counters oxidative stress and protects the circulatory system. For each of these preparations, conversion into phytosomes has improved efficacy without compromising safety. The phytosome technology creates intermolecular bonding between individual polyphenol molecules and one or more molecules of the phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC). Molecular imaging suggests that PC molecule(s) enwrap each polyphenol; upon oral intake the amphipathic PC molecules likely usher the polyphenol through the intestinal epithelial cell outer membrane, subsequently accessing the bloodstream. PC itself has proven clinical efficacy that contributes to phytosome in vivo actions. As a molecular delivery vehicle, phytosome technology substantially improves the clinical applicabilities of polyphenols and other poorly absorbed plant medicinals.
Mechanisms of the Interleukin 5-Induced Differentiation of B Cells1 (1989)

Interleukin 5 (IL5), a lymphokine produced by T cells, induces differentiation of B cell chronic leukemia BCL1-B20 cells into IgM-producing cells accompanied with growth arrest. To elucidate the intracellular mechanisms, the roles of Ca2+ mobilization and protein phosphorylation in the activation of the cells were examined. F(ab')2 fragment of anti-immunoglobulin (anti-Ig), which cross-links membrane-bound Ig, and calcium ionophore A23187 caused a rapid increase in the intracellular free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i), whereas these stimulants did not give rise to differentiation of the cells. In contrast, treatment with IL5 did not affect either [Ca2+]i or the rates of Ca2+ uptake from the outside and release from the inside of the cells. Analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that the in vitro phosphorylation of acidic 80-, 60-, and 45-kDa proteins was induced upon stimulation with IL5. Treatment with IL5 also caused a marked decrease in the in vitro phosphorylation of an acidic 100-kDa protein which was highly phosphorylated in the unstimulated state. Addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to the culture inhibited IL5-mediated differentiative responses. Therefore, these results suggest that Ca2+ mobilization is not involved but activities of stimulatory and inhibitory kinases may be involved in the IL5-mediated differentiation process.
Wavelength-routed optical networks: linear formulation, resource budgeting tradeoffs, and a reconfiguration study (2000)

We present algorithms for the design of optimal virtual topologies embedded on wide-area wavelength-routed optical networks. The physical network architecture employs wavelength-conversion-enabled wavelength-routing switches (WRS) at the routing nodes, which allow the establishment of circuit-switched all-optical wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) channels, called lightpaths. We assume packet-based traffic in the network, such that a packet travelling from its source to its destination may have to multihop through one or more such lightpaths. We present an exact integer linear programming (ILP) formulation for the complete virtual topology design, including choice of the constituent lightpaths, routes for these lightpaths, and intensity of packet flows through these lightpaths. By minimizing the average packet hop distance in our objective function and by relaxing the wavelength-continuity constraints, we demonstrate that the entire optical network design problem can be considerably simplified and made computationally tractable. Although an ILP may take an exponential amount of time to obtain an exact optimal solution, we demonstrate that terminating the optimization within the first few iterations of the branch-and-bound method provides high-quality solutions. We ran experiments using the CPLEX optimization package on the NSFNET topology, a subset of the PACBELL network topology, as well as a third random topology to substantiate this conjecture. Minimizing the average packet hop distance is equivalent to maximizing the total network throughput under balanced flows through the lightpaths. The problem formulation can be used to design a balanced network, such that the utilizations of both transceivers and wavelengths in the network are maximized, thus reducing the cost of the network equipment. We analyze the trade-offs in budgeting of resources (transceivers and switch sizes) in the optical network, and demonstrate how an improperly designed network may have low utilization of any one of these resources. We also use the problem formulation to provide a reconfiguration methodology in order to adapt the virtual topology to changing traffic conditions.
Effects of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF before and after percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with calculus of upper urinary tract infection (2013)

Objective To investigate the effects of IL-2,IL-6 and TNF before and after percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with calculus of upper urinary tract infection,and to understand the change of immune state in the patients.Methods Thirty-six patients with calculus of upper urinary tract infection underwent the minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy were selected,and 30 health controls were selected as the control group,IL-2,IL-6 and TNF levels were measured and compared before surgery,24 hours and 7 days after operation.Results Compared with the control group,the level of IL-2 before the operation was slightly lower(P =0.0780),24 hours after the operation was significantly lower (P =0.0000),and 7 days after the operation was slightly higher(P =0.6998) ; the level of IL-6 before the operation was significantly higher (P =0.0000),24 hours after the operation was significantly increased (P =0.0000),and 7 days after operation was still significandy higher(P =0.0027) ; The level of TNF before the operation was higher(P =0.0000),24 hours after the operation was significantly increased (P =0.0000),and 7 days after the operation was higher(P =0.0000).Conclusions Calculus of upper urinary tract infection have degree of i mmunosuppression,the immune suppression of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy increased significantly in 24 hours after the operation,and then restored gradually.

Key words: 
Calculus of upper urinary tract infection;  Percutaneous nephrolithotomy;  Cytokine
Serological response of cattle, sheep and goats in Kenya vaccinated with killed Brucella melitensis strain H38 adjuvant vaccine (1983)

The antibody responses of cattle, sheep and goats to the Brucella melitensis H38 adjuvant vaccine were monitored by serum (tube) agglutination, complement fixation and Rose Bengal plate tests. High and persisting antibody titres were induced by a single dose of this vaccine in all three species. It would be difficult to classify reactors by commonly used diagnostic tests in a control or an eradication programme using the H38 adjuvant vaccine.
Constant data length retrieval for video servers with variable bit rate streams (2002)

We define a novel retrieval algorithm for variable bit rate video streams called GCDL that reads the video data from the disk as constant size data blocks. We formulate for GCDL a deterministic admission control criterion and evaluate its performance. Compared to existing retrieval algorithms, GCDL decreases the buffer requirement and start up latency while admitting the same number of clients.
A comparative study of business leadership styles and gender amongst Chinese managers in Taiwan and Australia (2007)

Many decades ago, there were not many women leaders to lead groups in any social situation. Male leadership has been more socially acceptable than female leadership. Both in Western and Eastern societies, leadership mainly belonged to powerful men. Globalization has brought the diverse cultures of the world together and greater equality to men and women. In the equal opportunity age, societies seek powerful leaders regardless of gender. Even in Asia, today there are quite a few women leaders in politic and business. What characteristics make a successful group leader? Do these women have some special characteristics that made them successful leaders?
Three-dimensional concentration profiles of hybrid diffusers in crystalline silicon (1993)

The diffusion of ion-implanted Au, Pt, and Zn in crystalline Si has been investigated. The implantation was performed in photolithographically defined areas of the wafer and a spreading resistance technique was used to measure the three-dimensional concentration profiles of the metal atoms after high temperature diffusion anneals. We found that the lateral spread under the mask is larger than the vertical diffusion, especially on the sample side opposite to the implanted diffusion source. All the significant features of the measured profiles can be explained as a consequence of the kick-out mechanism of diffusion for these transition metals. In fact, the peculiar shape of the concentration profiles is determined by the interplay between the influx of interstitial metal atoms and the outflux of silicon self-interstitials generated by the kick-out reaction. Despite the high lateral diffusion, it will be shown that by a suitable combination of implantation fluence and annealing temperature it is possible to limit this lateral spread inside ∼200 μm, while maintaining a high metal concentration in the region under the implanted area. This demonstrates the possibility of using transition metal diffusion to control minority carrier lifetime in a selected area of a semiconductor device.
<i>PLASTOCHRON2</i> Regulates Leaf Initiation and Maturation in Rice (2006)

In higher plants, leaves initiate in constant spatial and temporal patterns. Although the pattern of leaf initiation is a key element of plant shoot architecture, little is known about how the time interval between initiation events, termed plastochron, is regulated. Here, we present a detailed analysis of plastochron2 (pla2), a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant that exhibits shortened plastochron and precocious maturation of leaves during the vegetative phase and ectopic shoot formation during the reproductive phase. The corresponding PLA2 gene is revealed to be an orthologue of terminal ear1, a maize (Zea mays) gene that encodes a MEI2-like RNA binding protein. PLA2 is expressed predominantly in young leaf primordia. We show that PLA2 normally acts to retard the rate of leaf maturation but does so independently of PLA1, which encodes a member of the P450 family. Based on these analyses, we propose a model in which plastochron is determined by signals from immature leaves that act non-cell-autonomously in the shoot apical meristem to inhibit the initiation of new leaves.
Interface Engineering Catalytic Graphene for Smart Colorimetric Biosensing (2012)

Herein a hybrid catalyst consisting of "naked" Au-NPs in situ grown on graphene sheets is engineered, which exhibits a synergetic effect in mimicking peroxidase at its interface, although free Au-NPs or graphene alone has very little activity. What is more, one of the unique features of our synergetic catalyst is that its interface can be reversibly switched from "inactive" to "active" upon treatment with different ssDNA species in solution, thus providing a powerful and versatile basis for designing graphene/DNA-based label-free colorimetric biosensors. Compared with other signal transduction modes in traditional graphene/aptamer-based systems, our novel signaling strategy not only avoids any labeling or modification procedures but also reduces the background signal due to the "off-on" switching mode during the sensing. Furthermore, this facile and general approach can be applicable to the other extended graphene/aptamer-based systems for colorimetric detection of a wide range of analytes. We envision that the tunable graphene-based smart interface could find potential applications in the development of biocatalysis, bioassays, and smart material devices in the future.
Filtrate of fermented mycelia from Antrodia camphorata reduces liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats (2006)

It demonstrates that FMAC can retard the progression of liver fibrosis induced by CCl(4) in rats.