gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrospun type 1 collagen matrices preserving native ultrastructure using benign binary solvent for cardiac tissue engineering (2015)

Electrospinning is a well-established technique that uses a high electric field to fabricate ultrafine fibrous scaffolds from both natural and synthetic polymers to mimic the cellular microenvironment. Collagen is one of the most preferred biopolymers, due to its widespread occurrence in nature and its biocompatibility. Electrospinning of collagen alone has been reported, with fluoroalcohols such as hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and trifluoroethanol (TFE), but the resultant collagen lost its characteristic ultrastructural integrity of D-periodicity 67 nm banding, confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the fluoroalcohols used were toxic to the environment. In this study, we describe the use of glacial acetic acid and DMSO to dissolve collagen and generate electrospun nanofibers of collagen type 1, which is non-toxic and economical. TEM analysis revealed the characteristic feature of native collagen triple helical repeats, showing 67 nm D-periodicity banding pattern and confirming that the ultrastructural integrity of the collagen was maintained. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed fiber diameters in the range of 200-1100 nm. Biocompatibility of the three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds was established by MTT assays using rat skeletal myoblasts (L6 cell line) and confocal microscopic analysis of immunofluorescent-stained sections of collagen scaffolds for muscle-specific markers such as desmin and actin. Primary neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCM) seeded onto the collagen scaffolds were able to maintain their contractile function for a period of 17 days and also expressed higher levels of desmin when compared with 2D cultures. We report for the first time that collagen type 1 can be electrospun without blending with copolymers using the novel benign solvent combination, and the method can be potentially explored for applications in tissue engineering.
Brain Redox Imaging (2010)

Nitroxyl contrast agents (nitroxyl radicals, also known as nitroxide) are paramagnetic species, which can react with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to lose paramagnetism to be diamagnetic species. The paramagnetic nitroxyl radical forms can be detected by using electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI), Overhauser MRI (OMRI), or MRI. The time course of in vivo image intensity induced by paramagnetic redox-sensitive contrast agent can give tissue redox information, which is the so-called redox imaging technique. The redox imaging technique employing a blood-brain barrier permeable nitroxyl contrast agent can be applied to analyze the pathophysiological functions in the brain. A brief theory of redox imaging techniques is described, and applications of redox imaging techniques to brain are introduced.
Role of cytochrome P<sub>1</sub> in the induction of NAD(P)H:quinone reductase in a murine hepatoma cell line and its mutants (1987)

NAD(P)H:Quinone oxidoreductase (QR) is a widely-distributed enzyme that promotes obligatory two-electron reductions of quinones and thereby protects cells against the cytotoxicity of quinones and their metabolic precursors. QR is induced by a wide variety of chemoprotectors in many animal tissues as well as in the Hepa 1c1c7 murine hepatoma cell line. Such inducers fall into two families: dual inducers (e.g. polycyclic aromatics, azo dyes, beta-naphthoflavone) that elevate QR as well as cytochrome P1-450, and selective inducers of QR (e.g. tert-butylhydroquinone and other redox-labile diphenols). Induction by the first family of inducers depends on binding to the Ah (Aryl hydrocarbon) receptor and the associated expression of a functional cytochrome P1-450 enzyme, whereas the induction by redox-labile diphenols does not appear to be receptor-mediated. In order to analyze the possible role of the cytochrome P1-450 system in the induction of QR, we examined this process in the Hepa 1c1c7 cells and in four mutants of this cell line that are defective in the induction or expression of functional cytochrome P1-450. tert-Butylhydroquinone was an effective inducer of QR in all of the cell lines, and this process does not, therefore, depend on a functional cytochrome P1-450 enzyme. In contrast, azo dyes and polycyclic aromatics induce QR in the parent cell line but not in the various types of cytochrome P1-450-defective mutants. We conclude that the Ah receptor and cytochrome P1-450 function are involved in the induction of QR by certain azo dyes and polycyclic aromatics, but not by phenolic antioxidants.
3.3kW CLLC converter with synchronous rectification for plug-in electric vehicles (2017)

This paper presents an innovative technique for synchronous rectification in the bidirectional CLLC converter with the integrated transformer for plug-in electric vehicle (EV) applications. To improve the efficiency and power density, the integrated transformer is introduced and simulated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method. In addition, synchronous rectification method is implemented by controlling the turn-on and turn-off timings based on the phase difference between resonant currents of primary and secondary sides. Furthermore, a simplified closed loop design is discussed and implemented on a digital signal processor (TMS320F28335). The effectiveness of the control loop is verified through the experimental results. A 3.3kW proof-of-concept prototype is built with power density of 1kW/L, a gravimetric power density of 0.9kW/kg and peak efficiency of 97.5%.
A Programmable Surface Acoustic Wave Matched Filter for Phase-Coded Spread Spectrum Waveforms (Short Papers) (1973)

A programmable surface acoustic wave (SAW) matched filter for biphase-coded spread spectrum waveforms has been constructed using a temperature-stable ST-cut quartz tapped delay line (TDL) and silicon-on-sapphire integrated control circuits. Construction is hybrid with wire stitch bond interconnections between the acoustic and microelectronic portions of the device. The SAW TDL operates at 120-MHz center frequency with 100-ns spacing between adjacent taps for a 10-MHz chip rate. The output of each tap can be individually switched to a load with 0 or 180/spl deg/ phase shift by the silicon-on-sapphire integrated control circuits. The high-speed capability of silicon-on-sapphire integrated circuits allows programming (code changing) to be achieved with a serial data input at 10-MHz rates, while the low temperature coefficient of ST-cut quartz allows satisfactory operation over a wide temperature range (-25/spl deg/C to +85/spl deg/C).
Do microglial cells phagocyte the beta/A4-amyloid senile plaque core of Alzheimer disease? (1994)

We performed EM, immuno-EM and light microscope immunohistochemistry studies on the topographic and functional relationships between microglial cells and amyloid senile plaque core in Alzheimer's disease. Microglial cells with cytologic characteristics of phagocytic function were associated to amyloid fibrils and to other neuropathological degenerative processes. On the periphery of the amyloid plaque core, microglial cells contain intracytoplasmic bundles of membrane bound fibrils. These fibrils, like plaque core fibrils, are immunodecorated. Immunostaining was observed neither in secretory organelles nor in hyalaplasm. Preamyloid deposits in superficial layers were not associated to microglial cells. These data lead us to conclude that the microglial cells participate to phagocytosis of beta/A4 amyloid and do not secrete this substance in Alzheimer's disease.
Optimal Design for Delta–Sigma Modulators With Root Loci Inside Unit Circle (2012)

Single-stage high-order delta-sigma modulators (DSMs) designed by methods with root loci inside the unit circle (RLiUC) can operate stably with full-scale input. The previously published RLiUC method uses a conservative approach to design the loop filter's transfer function H(z) of a DSM, thus resulting in a modest SNR. In this brief, the pole-zero locations of H(z) are optimized to maximize the stable input range while minimizing SNR reduction. Accordingly, optimal third- and fourth-order RLiUC DSMs are designed, and a systematic method for orders higher than 4 is developed. The considerations for the optimal design are the in-band noise attenuation and out-of-band gain of RLiUC DSMs. With an oversampling ratio of 32 and a quantizer bit number of 6, the optimized fourth-order RLiUC DSM achieves a peak SNR of 109 dB. Compared with the previously published result, the SNR is improved by 20 dB. To demonstrate the advantage of RLiUC DSMs, an application example for a class-D amplifier is used. With the RLiUC DSM, the achieved low-distortion output power of class-D amplifiers can be maximized.
추사 김정희의 서독(書牘)에 담긴 사유양식과 정신세계에 대한 일 고찰 (2008)

본고에서는 추사의 서독(간찰)이 지닌 사유양식과 정신세계를 탐색하기 위해 경학 연찬의 논리적 서독, 선사상을 담은 서독, 인간적 특성을 드러낸 서독 등의 세 부류를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 추사는 대개 초기에는 경학을 연찬하면서 고증학적의 인식을 매우 명료하게 제시하고 상대방을 설복시키는 언사를 구사했다. 그리고 뒤에는 선사상을 수용하면서 대상에 대한 조망적 관점을 확보하여 여유와 해학의 언어를 구사했다. 그리고 일부 서찰에서는 현실의 모순을 우회적으로 비판하거나 소외를 경험하는 타자에 대한 동정의 뜻을 완곡하게 담기도 했다. 특히 추사의 경학설을 담은 서독은 ① 사설(師說)과 가법(家法)의 중시 ② 박종(博綜)의 추구 ③ 집일(輯佚)의 방법에 대한 관심 ④ 단주(段注)에 대한 비판적 검토 ⑤ 고체(固滯)함과 고체(固滯)하지 않음의 절충 등의 면에서 청대 고증학의 방법을 받아들이면서도 그것을 극복하려는 의지를 담고 있다. 이것은 추사가 초기부터 선험적 논리를 준용하고 기성의 개념을 조작하는 방법이 아니라 경문의 자구를 문헌 교합을 통해 의미 해석하고 그것을 바탕으로 경문의 의리를 탐색하는 방법을 추구했음을 잘 말해 준다. 그리고 청대의 고증학에서 영향을 받아 사설(師說)과 가법(家法)을 중시하고 집일(輯佚)의 방법에 대해 관심을 두었지만, 청대의 학술도 상대화해서 박종(博綜)을 추구하고 고체(固滯)함과 고체(固滯)하지 않음의 절충을 선언하였다는 점에서 독자적 학문방법을 모색하려는 고심을 엿볼 수 있게 한다. 이에 비해 선사상을 담은 서찰은 객관 사물과 사실의 외관에 구애받지 않고 객체를 종람(縱覽)하면서 주관적 이해를 침투시키는 방법을 사용하고 있다. 일견 학문적 담론을 주로 행한 초기의 서독과 무관한 듯 보이지만, 실은 독자적 사색을 추구하는 의식이 그러한 글쓰기에 잘 나타나 있으며, 그 점에서 초기의 학문 담론의 서독이 드러낸 사유방법 및 정신세계와 일맥상통하는 부분이 있다고 말할 수 있다. 한편, 추사는 현실에 대한 문제를 언급한 서독이나 지인 등에게 부친 서독에서 결코 스스로의 감정을 억제하고 객관과 거리를 둔 `목석`으로서가 아니라 현실이나 타자의 존재를 주체와의 진정한 관계 속에서 재구성하였다. 이 점도 역시 초기의 서독에서 나타난 독자적 사색의 사유방법 및 정신세계와 연관되어 있다고 말할 수 있다. 앞으로 추사의 서독(간찰)들을 계년화(繫年化)하고 관련 사실을 고증하며, 수수자(收受者)의 서한을 집록하여 추사의 예술세계와 정신세계에 대한 연구를 심화시켜 나아야 할 것이다. 또한 언문 간찰에 대한 연구도 새롭게 진행시켜, 한문 서독과의 관련성 및 그 독자성을 면밀하게 고찰할 필요가 있다.
Code automorphism group algorithms and applications (1996)

We investigate how the code automorphism groups can be used to study such combinatorial objects as codes, finite projective planes and Hadamard matrices. For this purpose, we write down a computer program for computing code automorphisms in PASCAL language. Then we study the combinatorial properties using those code automorphism group algorithms and the relationship between combinatorial objects and codes.
Speech driven head motion synthesis based on a trajectory model (2007)

Making human-like characters more natural and life-like requires more inventive approaches than current standard techniques such as synthesis using text features or triggers. In this poster we present a novel approach to automatically synthesise head motion based on speech features. Previous work has focused on frame wise modelling of motion [Busso et al. 2007] or has treated the speach data and motion data streams separately [Brand 1999], although the trajectories of the head motion and speech features are highly correlated and dynamically change over several frames. To model longer units of motion and speech and to reproduce their trajectories during synthesis, we utilise a promising time series stochastic model called "Trajectory Hidden Markov Models" [Zen et al. 2007]. Its parameter generation algorithm can produce motion trajectories from sequences of units of motion and speech. These two kinds of data are simultaneously modelled by using a multi-stream type of the trajectory HMMs. The models can be viewed as a Kalman-smoother-like approach, and thereby are capable of producing smooth trajectories.
Critical Time Crystals in Dipolar Systems (2017)

We analyze the quantum dynamics of periodically driven, disordered systems in the presence of long-range interactions. Focusing on the stability of discrete time crystalline (DTC) order in such systems, we use a perturbative procedure to evaluate its lifetime. For 3D systems with dipolar interactions, we show that the corresponding decay is parametrically slow, implying that robust, long-lived DTC order can be obtained. We further predict a sharp crossover from the stable DTC regime into a regime where DTC order is lost, reminiscent of a phase transition. These results are in good agreement with the recent experiments utilizing a dense, dipolar spin ensemble in diamond [Nature (London) 543, 221 (2017)NATUAS0028-083610.1038/nature21426]. They demonstrate the existence of a novel, critical DTC regime that is stabilized not by many-body localization but rather by slow, critical dynamics. Our analysis shows that the DTC response can be used as a sensitive probe of nonequilibrium quantum matter.
Big Deployables in Small Satellites (2014)

The concept of utilizing small satellites to perform big mission objectives has grown from a distant idea to a demonstrated reality. One of the challenges in using small-satellite platforms for high-value missions is the packaging of long and large surface-area devices such as antennae, solar arrays and sensor positioning booms. One possible enabling technology is the slit-tube, or a deployable “tape-measure” boom which can be flattened and rolled into a coil achieving a high volumetric packaging efficiency. Common design constraints however relate to the need for complex deploying mechanisms to manage the stored energy of the metallic slit-tube coil as it is unreeled, the deployed non-axial stiffness and strength, positional stability and wire-harness management. In this paper, we discuss the design, analysis and fabrication of a High Strain Composite (HSC) slit-tube boom system under development in support of the DARPA Phoenix effort. The utility of HSC materials enables a highly tuned structure resulting in a slit-tube which is stable (i.e., no stored energy) in both the stowed and extended configurations and hence reducing the deployment mechanism complexity and volume. In addition, composites enable the ability incorporate thermally invariant materials and to embed wire harnessing/antenna feeds directly into the boom.
H+-Independent Glutamine Transport in Plant Root Tips (2010)

The combined data suggest that proton-independent glutamine facilitators exist in root tips.
The SiGe heterojunction source PNPN n-MOSFET with SSOI for low power application (2009)

A novel device concept, SiGe tunnel source(PNPN) based on the principle of band to band tunneling is reported in this paper. The SiGe source PNPN tunneling FET shows steep sub-threshold swing and higher turn on current than SiGe source PIN tunnel FET. For achieving high turn on current, the SSOI is also investigated in SiGe tunnel source device.
Aircraft navigation instruments (1951)

Many of the instruments which are used by aircraft navigators are described here. These instruments are designed to be direct reading, unambiguous, and accurate; they must be compact and lightweight, as well as easily seen.
Proposed structure for coenzyme F<sub>420</sub> from methanobacterium (1978)

The low-potential electron carrier, coenzyme F420, was purified from Methanobacterium strain M.o.H. A yield of 160 mg/kg of wet-packed cells was obtained. Results of analysis of hydrolytic fragments and periodate oxidation products of the coenzyme, by infrared, UV-visible, 1H and 13CNMR spectrometry, mass spectrometry, and quantitative elemental analyses indicate that coenzyme F420 is: N-[N-[O-[5-(8-hydroxy-5-deazaisoalloxazin-10-yl)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-4-pentoxyhydroxyphosphinyl]-L-lactyl]-gamma-L-glutamyl]-L-glutamic acid. A convenient trivial name would be the N-(N-L-lactyl-gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-glutamic acid phosphodiester of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin 5'-phosphate. Proof of structure by organic synthesis was not performed; the stereochemical configuration of the hydroxyl groups on the side chain as well as the position of the hydroxyl group on the aromatic ring require confirmation by organic synthesis of the molecule.
The Design and Implementation of Modern Column-Oriented Database Systems (2013)

In this article, we survey recent research on column-oriented database systems, or column-stores, where each attribute of a table is stored in a separate file or region on storage. Such databases have seen a resurgence in recent years with a rise in interest in analytic queries that perform scans and aggregates over large portions of a few columns of a table. The main advantage of a column-store is that it can access just the columns needed to answer such queries. We specifically focus on three influential research prototypes, MonetDB [46], VectorWise [18], and C-Store [88]. These systems have formed the basis for several wellknown commercial column-store implementations. We describe their similarities and differences and discuss their specific architectural features for compression, late materialization, join processing, vectorization and adaptive indexing (database cracking).
Joint Spectral Correspondence for Disparate Image Matching (2013)

We address the problem of matching images with disparate appearance arising from factors like dramatic illumination (day vs. night), age (historic vs. new) and rendering style differences. The lack of local intensity or gradient patterns in these images makes the application of pixel-level descriptors like SIFT infeasible. We propose a novel formulation for detecting and matching persistent features between such images by analyzing the eigen-spectrum of the joint image graph constructed from all the pixels in the two images. We show experimental results of our approach on a public dataset of challenging image pairs and demonstrate significant performance improvements over state-of-the-art.
Critical Role of Interleukin-1β for Transcriptional Regulation of Endothelial 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin Synthase (2003)

Our data show that PTPS induction is necessary for optimized BH4 synthesis in cytokine-stimulated HCAECs and point to IL-1beta as a leading cytokine in this process.
Phase-transfer alkylation of heterocycles in the presence of 18-crown-6 and potassium tert-butoxide (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase-transfer alkylation of heterocycles in the presence of 18-crown-6 and potassium tert-butoxideWayne C. Guida and David J. MathreCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 16, 3172–3176Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01304a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01304a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2955Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Homogeneous Catalysis—II (1974)

The behavior of α,β-unsaturated esters and of alkenylbenzenes has been studied under hydroformylation conditions with Co2(CO)8 and Rh/Al2O3 as catalysts. The results show that the formation of either aldehydes or saturated products as well as the distribution of isomeric aldehydes depend on: (1) the presence of -COOR and C6H5- groups, (2) the location of the substituents on the double bond, and (3) the nature of catalytic precursors. Furthermore, in rhodium catalysis, the geometry of the double bond in olefinic stereoisomers affects the aldehyde distribution; this allowed us to establish the cis character of the addition.
Tendon Strain Measurements With Dynamic Ultrasound Images: Evaluation of Digital Image Correlation (2012)

Strain is an essential metric in tissue mechanics. Strains and strain distributions during functional loads can help identify damaged and pathologic regions as well as quantify functional compromise. Noninvasive strain measurement in vivo is difficult to perform. The goal of this in vitro study is to determine the efficacy of digital image correlation (DIC) methods to measure strain in B-mode ultrasound images. The Achilles tendons of eight male Wistar rats were removed and mechanically cycled between 0 and 1% strain. Three cine video images were captured for each specimen: (1) optical video for manual tracking of optical markers; (2) optical video for DIC tracking of optical surface markers; and (3) ultrasound video for DIC tracking of image texture within the tissue. All three imaging modalities were similarly able to measure tendon strain during cyclic testing. Manual/ImageJ-based strain values linearly correlated with DIC (optical marker)-based strain values for all eight tendons with a slope of 0.970. DIC (optical marker)-based strain values linearly correlated with DIC (ultrasound texture)-based strain values for all eight tendons with a slope of 1.003. Strain measurement using DIC was as accurate as manual image tracking methods, and DIC tracking was equally accurate when tracking ultrasound texture as when tracking optical markers. This study supports the use of DIC to calculate strains directly from the texture present in standard B-mode ultrasound images and supports the use of DIC for in vivo strain measurement using ultrasound images without additional markers, either artificially placed (for optical tracking) or anatomically in view (i.e., bony landmarks and/or muscle-tendon junctions).
Plicní hypertenze - patofyziologické mechanizmy (2014)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is known for its variable etiology. PH pathophysiology is very complex and our therapeutic options are limited. Most of known underlying disease mechanisms play a role across all etiological groups of PH, and they are followed by the same morphological and functional changes of pulmonary vasculature. Mostly, we are not able to determine whether one particular mechanism works as a cause or consequence in the chain of events. An imbalance between vasoconstriction and vasodilation becomes the major functional change of pulmonary vasculature in PH. The main morphological changes (termed together as remodeling) include cell hyperplasia of pulmonary artery leading to its thickening and narrowing, and impaired regulation of extracellular matrix production leading to reduction in its elasticity. As a result of all these changes, the peripheral vascular resistance in pulmonary vascular bed rises, thus increasing afterload of the right ventricle and finally progressing to its failure. This review aims to summarize and explain the nature of the functional and histological changes in pulmonary arteries which occur in pulmonary hypertension, separately define the role of endothelium and pulmonary artery myocytes, and discuss the most important known pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to these changes.