gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of toll-like receptors 2, 3, and 4 on human melanoma cells induces inflammatory factors (2008)

Toll-like receptors (TLR) have been shown to be expressed on various types of cancers; however, their functional activity is not known. We examined TLR profiles of human melanoma cells and showed that TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 were found to be highly expressed. By PCR array analysis, specific stimulation of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 on melanoma cells showed significant activation of the adaptor protein MyD88, as well as downstream signal transduction factors nuclear factor-kappaB and inflammatory response-related factors. Specific ligand activation of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 was shown to induce cell migration. Peripheral blood lymphocytes and melanoma purified RNA was shown to activate TLR3 on melanoma cells. These studies show expression and functional activity of specific TLRs on melanoma cells and as potential therapeutic targets to control tumor progression.
Poliovirus replicase stimulation by terminal uridylyl transferase. (1985)

In an in vitro poliovirus replication system, purified viral polymerase, plus sense virion RNA, and a host factor have been previously shown to be necessary for the transcription of minus strands. We have found that a partially purified eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2) fraction from rabbit reticulocytes can replace HeLa host factor in the replicase reaction. This enzyme preparation contains eIF-2 and two other major proteins. In addition to eIF-2 activity, which does not appear to play a role in the replicase reaction, we find that the fraction contains terminal uridylyl transferase activity. The enzyme adds UMP moieties to the 3' end of primer RNA molecules. The number of UMP residues added depends on the primer. Although long tails of heterogeneous lengths (50 to 100 nucleotides) can be polymerized on the 3' end of oligo(U), a poly(A) primer accepts only four U's. The terminal uridylyl transferase activity requires only UTP, Mg2+, a sulfhydryl reagent, and an RNA primer for activity. It is partially associated with ribosomes. We provide preliminary evidence that it may be responsible for host factor-like activity. We present a model for minus strand synthesis by poliovirus replicase, based on the hypothesis that a terminal uridylyl transferase can participate in initiation.
Institutional Developments in the Globalization of Securities and Futures Markets (1992)

Jodi G. Scarlata describes recent institutional developments in this globalization and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these changes. Substantial benefits, she notes, are occurring because of these developments.
Effects of Estrone and Progesterone on Male Rabbit Mammary Glands. I. Varying Doses of Progesterone (1941)

Eighteen doses of 0.25, 1.0, 4.0 and 8.0 I.U. of crystalline progesterone were given, simultaneously with 120 I.U. of estrone, to immature male rabbits during a period of 4 weeks. Of these 4 levels of progesterone, the 1.0 I.U. dose synergized best although the prolactational proliferation induced was not maximal. The 4.0 and 8.0 I.U. doses of progesterone were apparently inhibiting as shown by the relatively poor mammary growth obtained.
Phonon spectra of ultrathin GaAs/AlAs superlattices: An<i>ab initio</i>calculation (1990)

Phonon spectra of ultrathin (GaAs${)}_{\mathrm{n}}$(AlAs${)}_{\mathrm{n}}$ (001) superlattices are studied theoretically using linear-response density-functional techniques. Results are presented for n=1,2,3 superlattices, along with prototype supercell calculations aimed at simulating a completely disordered (alloy) as well as some partially disordered superlattices. Besides interfacial disorder, which modifies the effective confinement length of low-order longitudinal-optic phonons, we find that---in the ultrathin regime---some degree of cationic mixing must also affect inner planes in order to explain experimental findings.
SAPWIN-a symbolic simulator as a support in electrical engineering education (2001)

Gaining an insight into circuit properties in electrical engineering classes can be achieved by using computer based tools. A computer program which combines symbolic and numerical simulation capabilities is of great help, because such a program provides students with automatic analysis tools. This paper presents the program SAPWIN, which has been developed to perform an automatic symbolic and numerical analysis of linear circuits. The paper presents program features, their development lines and fundamental aspects. Also, the educational purposes which are contained in the use of the program itself are presented.
3-D tomographic imaging of near-surface seismic velocity and attenuation (1992)

Abstract As a result of the similarity between velocity and attenuation imaging, we have implemented both using the same 3-D tomography software, with simple variable changes. The resulting sets of linear equations are solved by the Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique (SIRT). The algorithm is applied to 3-D estimation of near-surface velocity and attenuation distributions from 3-D surface-survey field data from the Ouachita frontal thrust zone in southeastern Oklahoma; the images obtained correlate well with the known surface geology. Resolution analysis by computation of point spread functions indicates highest resolution in the direction parallel to the densest distribution of survey points (the receiver lines).
Molecular Basis of Association of Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3 with the Family B G Protein-Coupled Secretin Receptor (2009)

The three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) have been recognized as being important for the trafficking and function of a subset of family B G protein-coupled receptors, although the structural basis for this has not been well established. In the current work, we use morphological fluorescence techniques, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation to demonstrate that the secretin receptor associates specifically with RAMP3, but not with RAMP1 or RAMP2. We use truncation constructs, peptide competition experiments, and chimeric secretin-GLP1 receptor constructs to establish that this association is structurally specific, dependent on the intramembranous region of the RAMP and TM6 and TM7 of this receptor. There were no observed changes in secretin-stimulated cAMP, intracellular calcium, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, or receptor internalization in receptor-bearing COS or CHO-K1 cells in the presence or absence of exogenous RAMP transfection, although the secretin receptor trafficks normally to the cell surface in these cells in a RAMP-independent manner, resulting in both free and RAMP-associated receptor on the cell surface. RAMP3 association with this receptor was shown to be capable of rescuing a receptor mutant (G241C) that is normally trapped intracellularly in the biosynthetic machinery. Similarly, secretin receptor expression had functional effects on adrenomedullin activity, with increasing secretin receptor expression competing for RAMP3 association with the calcitonin receptor-like receptor to yield a functional adrenomedullin receptor. These data provide important new insights into the structural basis for RAMP3 interaction with a family B G protein-coupled receptor, potentially providing a highly selective target for drug action. This may be representative of similar interactions between other members of this receptor family and RAMP proteins.
Rat stem cell factor and IL-6 preferentially support the proliferation of c-kit-positive murine hemopoietic cells rather than their differentiation. (1993)

We have investigated the effect of stem cell factor (SCF) alone and in combination with interleukin-3 (IL-3) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) on the proliferation and maintenance of primitive hemopoietic progenitor cells. Results from liquid preculture of either unfractionated bone marrow cells or lineage (Lin)-c-kit+ cells indicates that the combination of SCF + IL-3 results in the greatest expansion of total nucleated cell numbers; however, the combination of SCF + IL-6 results in the greatest expansion of colony-forming cells in culture (CFU-C) and in spleen (CFU-S). Morphologic examination confirmed the increase in immature cells after culture with SCF + IL-6 and, therefore, this combination is deemed superior for the expansion of primitive cells in liquid culture. Reconstitution assays using congenic mice (Ly5) revealed that cultured cells in the presence of SCF + IL-6 contained stem cells that were capable of reconstituting the hemopoiesis in lethally irradiated mice. Although it remains unclear whether SCF + IL-6 directly supports the self-renewal of stem cells, SCF + IL-6 is a powerful tool for manipulating primitive hemopoietic cells in vitro.
Engineering Management for the Design/Construction of Major Mining and Metallurgical Projects (1973)

Based on Comalco Ltd's experience over the past 10 years, this paper outlines the scope of engineering input and considers some aspects of engineering management for the preliminary investigation, design and construction of major mining and metallurgical projects. Alternative methods of engineering management are discussed. Comment is made with respect to a range of problems frequently encountered with emphasis given to problems relating to projects constructed in remote locations.
Resolution of flecainide acetate, N-(2-piperidylmethyl)-2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzamide acetate, and antiarrhythmic properties of the enantiomers (1986)

The antiarrhythmic agent flecainide acetate was resolved by fractional crystallization of its diastereomeric alpha-bromocamphor-pi-sulfonate salts. Optical purity of the two enantiomers was shown to be greater than 99% by an NMR technique using the chiral shift reagent Eu(hfbc)3. Antiarrhythmic effects of flecainide and its enantiomers were assessed in two different animal models, chloroform-induced ventricular fibrillation in mice and ouabain-induced ventricular tachycardia in dogs. The two enantiomers were highly effective in suppressing both of these experimental arrhythmias and appeared to be essentially equipotent. No significant differences were found either between the two enantiomers or between the enantiomers and racemic flecainide.
A compact, high power notch filter with adjustable F/sub 0/ and bandwidth (1994)

The network described is a notch filter, synthesized as a capacitively-coupled short circuited shunt stub design. A well-known equivalence between open circuited, quarter wavelength high-impedance stubs, and capacitively coupled short-circuited stubs of lower impedance, is used iteratively to achieve a design with some innovative features: The shunt stubs are all the same impedance; typically; 50 /spl Omega/. The series 90 degree coupling lines are also the same impedance (again typically 50 /spl Omega/). Dimensions and components may thus be easily selected for high-power and low-loss operation. The coupling capacitors (which are in series with the stubs) are adjustable without compromising Q. Re-entrant stubs are used which allow a mixed lumped-distributed stub response and easy adjustment of stub lengths. A rugged coaxial construction is adopted with nothing cantilevered or unsupported. These features result in a design which is quite compact, tunable over a wide range of center frequencies, allows for adjustable bandwidth and thus selectivity, while intrinsically exhibiting high-power capability, low passband loss, and suitability for operation in demanding environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bax and Bak function as the outer membrane component of the mitochondrial permeability pore in regulating necrotic cell death in mice (2013)

A critical event in ischemia-based cell death is the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). However, the molecular identity of the components of the MPTP remains unknown. Here, we determined that the Bcl-2 family members Bax and Bak, which are central regulators of apoptotic cell death, are also required for mitochondrial pore-dependent necrotic cell death by facilitating outer membrane permeability of the MPTP. Loss of Bax/Bak reduced outer mitochondrial membrane permeability and conductance without altering inner membrane MPTP function, resulting in resistance to mitochondrial calcium overload and necrotic cell death. Reconstitution with mutants of Bax that cannot oligomerize and form apoptotic pores, but still enhance outer membrane permeability, permitted MPTP-dependent mitochondrial swelling and restored necrotic cell death. Our data predict that the MPTP is an inner membrane regulated process, although in the absence of Bax/Bak the outer membrane resists swelling and prevents organelle rupture to prevent cell death. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00772.001.
Standards, Database Design, and Retrospective Conversion. (1987)

Cet article presente l'etat de l'art et octobre 1987 concernant l'automatisation des bibliotheques: la methodologie, les materiels et logiciels utilises, la conception de la base de donnees (format des enregistrements), la conversion retrospective des donnees (REMARC) et les fichiers d'utilisateurs
Quality comparison of low complexity 4800 bps self excited and code excited vocoders (2005)

This paper presents a formal objective and subjective comparison of a number of LPC vocoders which operate at bit rates around 4800 bps. In this work, particular emphasis is placed on the Self Excited Vocoder (SEV), a new speech coding approach which was introduced by the authors at ICASSP86 [1]. Many members of a class of LPC vocoders of which the SEV, the well known Multiple Pulse Excited Linear Predictive Coder (MPLPC) [2], and Code Excited Linear Predictive Coder (CELPC) [3] are members, are simulated and compared. Through these experiments, the SEV is shown to be a low complexity, simply implemented speech coder that is competitive with the other coders in this class in producing high quality speech at low bit rates.
Single-mode optical Y-branching circuit using deposited silica guides (DS guides) (1981)

A new optical Y-branching circuit using embedded single-mode glass waveguides is presented. The glass waveguides were made by depositing core glass on a silica substrate after forming grooves to contain the core (DS guides). Waveguide transmission loss is 0.6 dB/cm. The loss caused at a branching point is 0.13 dB when the branching angle is 0.3°.
Frame-mounted tissue heart valves: technique of construction (1974)

<b>Bartek, I. T., Holden, M. P., and Ionescu, M. I. (1974)</b>. <i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 51-55. <b>Frame-mounted tissue heart valves: technique of construction</b>. The technical details for the construction and preservation of frame-mounted tissue heart valves are described. The results of clinical and experimental work which have prompted changes and improvements in valve construction are briefly discussed.
IL-6 Controls the Innate Immune Response against <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> via Classical IL-6 Signaling (2012)

The cytokine IL-6 plays a protective role in immune responses against bacterial infections. However, the mechanisms of IL-6-mediated protection are only partially understood. IL-6 can signal via the IL-6R complex composed of membrane-bound IL-6Rα (mIL-6Rα) and gp130. Owing to the restricted expression of mIL-6Rα, classical IL-6 signaling occurs only in a limited number of cells such as hepatocytes and certain leukocyte subsets. IL-6 also interacts with soluble IL-6Rα proteins and these IL-6/soluble IL-6Rα complexes can subsequently bind to membrane-bound gp130 proteins and induce signaling. Because gp130 is ubiquitously expressed, this IL-6 trans-signaling substantially increases the spectrum of cells responding to IL-6. In this study, we analyze the role of classical IL-6 signaling and IL-6 trans-signaling in the innate immune response of mice against Listeria monocytogenes infection. We demonstrate that L. monocytogenes infection causes profound systemic IL-6 production and rapid loss of IL-6Rα surface expression on neutrophils, inflammatory monocytes, and different lymphocyte subsets. IL-6-deficient mice or mice treated with neutralizing anti-IL-6 mAb displayed impaired control of L. monocytogenes infection accompanied by alterations in the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as in the recruitment of inflammatory cells. In contrast, restricted blockade of IL-6 trans-signaling by application or transgenic expression of a soluble gp130 protein did not restrain the control of infection. In summary, our results demonstrate that IL-6Rα surface expression is highly dynamic during the innate response against L. monocytogenes and that the protective IL-6 function is dependent on classical IL-6 signaling via mIL-6Rα.
A 5V complementary-SiGe BiCMOS technology for high-speed precision analog circuits (2003)

A novel complementary-SiGe BiCMOS technology developed for ultra-high speed precision analog circuits is presented. The modular process offers comparable NPN and PNP performance utilizing unique interface and SiGe base process.
Adaptation (2018)

The concept of adaptation , or the adjustment of an organism to its environment, is a fundamental property of all living forms. In humans, a genetic adaptation, which provides a relative benefit to an individual, is likely to be selected and retained to provide an evolutionary advantage. Other forms of phenotypic adaptation reflect the plasticity in individuals, through either developmental adaptation or short‐term adaptation resulting from homeostatic regulatory mechanisms in the body. Environmental stress arises from all kinds of human experiences, where either physical or social environmental stressors will cause a deviation from homeostasis and elicit responses that can be adaptive. Traditional models of environmental stressors leading to stress and leading, in turn, to adaptive responses may not be realistic under modern conditions of social disparities, warfare, and mass intercontinental migrations. Increased world population, global climate change, international conflict and warfare, and widespread losses in biodiversity will present dramatically new stressors requiring novel adaptive patterns for our species.
Reflective terahertz (THz) imaging: system calibration using hydration phantoms (2013)

Terahertz (THz) hydration sensing continues to gain traction in the medical imaging community due to its unparalleled sensitivity to tissue water content. Rapid and accurate detection of fluid shifts following induction of thermal skin burns as well as remote corneal hydration sensing have been previously demonstrated in vivo using reflective, pulsed THz imaging. The hydration contrast sensing capabilities of this technology were recently confirmed in a parallel 7 Tesla Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging study, in which burn areas are associated with increases in local mobile water content. Successful clinical translation of THz sensing, however, still requires quantitative assessments of system performance measurements, specifically hydration concentration sensitivity, with tissue substitutes. This research aims to calibrate the sensitivity of a novel, reflective THz system to tissue water content through the use of hydration phantoms for quantitative comparisons of THz hydration imagery.Gelatin phantoms were identified as an appropriate tissue-mimicking model for reflective THz applications, and gel composition, comprising mixtures of water and protein, was varied between 83% to 95% hydration, a physiologically relevant range. A comparison of four series of gelatin phantom studies demonstrated a positive linear relationship between THz reflectivity and water concentration, with statistically significant hydration sensitivities (p < .01) ranging between 0.0209 - 0.038% (reflectivity: %hydration). The THz-phantom interaction is simulated with a three-layer model using the Transfer Matrix Method with agreement in hydration trends. Having demonstrated the ability to accurately and noninvasively measure water content in tissue equivalent targets with high sensitivity, reflective THz imaging is explored as a potential tool for early detection and intervention of corneal pathologies.
The Anti-Plague System and the Soviet Biological Warfare Program (2006)

The USSR possessed a unique national public health system that included an agency named "anti-plague system." Its mission was to protect the country from highly dangerous diseases of either natural or laboratory etiology. During the 1960s, the anti-plague system became the lead agency of a program to defend against biological warfare, codenamed Project 5. This responsibility grew and by the middle 1970s came to include undertaking tasks for the offensive biological warfare program, codenamed Ferment. This article describes the anti-plague system's activities relevant to both aspects of the Soviet Union's biological warfare program, offense and defense, and analyzes its contributions to each.
Self-Poisoning Among Adults Using Multiple Transdermal Nicotine Patches (1996)

This case series demonstrated that simultaneous application of several transdermal nicotine patches can be implicated in adult suicide attempts. While signs of toxicity included gastrointestinal complaints, changes in level of consciousness, seizures and parasympathetic effects typical of nicotine poisoning, the frequent presence of co-intoxicants complicated the clinical course. As the accessibility of transdermal nicotine patches increases, increasing misuse of these products by suicidal adults is likely.
High‐dose cyclophosphamide results in long‐term disease remission with restoration of a normal quality of life in patients with severe refractory chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (2005)

We previously reported the improvement of clinical parameters in severe, refractory chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) following high-dose cyclophosphamide therapy. Here, we examine effects of this therapy on quality of life, report long-term clinical follow-up, and include new data on a fifth patient. Patients completed The Medical Outcomes Short Form 36 to assess quality of life impact. Pretherapy and post-therapy scores were compared with the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Patient's post-therapy scores were compared with the normal United States population. Functional status was assessed with the Modified Rankin score. Strength was assessed using a summated MRC strength. Nerve conduction studies were conducted using standard techniques with supramaximal stimulation. The median follow-up for the five patients is 2.9 (range: 1.6-4.8) years. The first four patients remain off all immunomodulatory medications. In six of the eight quality of life scales measured, patients enjoyed clinically significant improvement. Their overall strength increased by a median change of 10 (range: -1 to 20); their overall Modified Rankin score increased by a median of 3 (range: 0-4), and their summated compound motor action potential amplitudes increased by a mean of 3.69 mV (range: 0.156-7.83). Patient 5 has had stabilization of motor strength. High-dose cyclophosphamide can markedly improve functionality and quality of life for patients with severe refractory CIDP.
Electron Self-Exchange Kinetics for a Water-Soluble Ferrocenium/Ferrocene Couple:  Rate Modulation via Charge Dependent Calix[6]arene-<i>p</i>-sulfonate Encapsulation (1996)

Both trimethylaminomethylferrocene (TMAFc+) and the corresponding ferrocenium species can be encapsulated by calix[6]arene-p-sulfonate in water as solvent. Selective encapsulation of the TMAFc2+ form provides a basis for electrostatic acceleration of the TMAFc2+/+ self-exchange kinetics. Encapsulation of both redox forms by the anionic host, however, eliminates the reactivity enhancement effect.