gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical And Semiconductor Properties Of Lead Telluride Coatings (1990)

The optical and semiconductor properties of lead telluride coatings are dependent on various factors contributing to its performance. In this paper, we will present the temperature dependent effects of single layer lead telluride coatings on the dispersion and absorption characteristics, absorption edge, and carrier concentration from 15 K to 436 K using both experimental and theoretical analysis.
Intangibilidad de la masa frente a las prendas de créditos futuros en la nueva Ley Concursal (2011)

La reforma de la Ley Concursal aprobada por las Cortes justo antes de su ultima disolucion restringe la eficacia concursal de las prendas de creditos futuros e impide que estas puedan afectar a la masa gravando los creditos nacidos despues de la declaracion de concurso. La norma es defectuosa en su supuesto de hecho, pero menos violenta en sus efectos que lo que podia esperar quien desconociera el tratamiento actual de tales prendas en la jurisprudencia concursal. Al introducir finalmente una «excepcion a la excepcion», genera un problema severo de conflicto de leyes en la determinacion de lo que deba entenderse por «registro publico».
A novel host-responsive sensor mediates virulence and type III secretion during Pseudomonas aeruginosa–host cell interactions (2012)

Sensitive sensory mechanisms are instrumental in affording Pseudomonas aeruginosa the capacity to establish diverse yet severe human infections, which can manifest themselves in long-term untreatable disease. The ability of P. aeruginosa to tightly regulate gene expression and virulence factor production, in response to activation of these sensory components, enables the pathogen to sustain infection despite the host immune response and aggressive antibiotic treatment. Although a number of factors are recognized as playing a role in early infection, very little is known regarding the sensors involved in this process. In this study, we identified P. aeruginosa PA3191 as a novel host-responsive sensor that plays a key role during P. aeruginosa-host interactions and is required for optimum colonization and dissemination in a mouse model of infection. We demonstrated that PA3191 contributed to modulation of the type III secretion system (T3SS) in response to host cells and T3SS-inducing conditions in vitro. PA3191 (designated GtrS) acted in concert with the response regulator GltR to regulate the OprB transport system and subsequently carbon metabolism. Through this signal transduction pathway, T3SS activation was mediated via the RsmAYZ regulatory cascade and involved the global anaerobic response regulator Anr.
Supramolecular insulin assembly II for a sustained treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (2010)

Diabetes is a chronic disease requiring continuous medical supervision and patient education to prevent acute secondary complications. In this study, we have harnessed the inherent property of insulin to aggregate into an oligomeric intermediate on the pathway to amyloid formation, to generate a form that exhibits controlled and sustained release for extended periods. Administration of a single dose of the insulin oligomer, defined here as the supramolecular insulin assembly II (SIA-II), to experimental animals rendered diabetic by streptozotocin or alloxan, released the hormone capable of maintaining physiologic glucose levels for >120 days for bovine and >140 days for recombinant human insulin without fasting hypoglycemia. Moreover, the novel SIA-II described here not only improved the glycemic control, but also reduced the extent of secondary diabetic complications.
Copolymerization of various isocyanates with ethylene oxide (1970)

Abstract Copolymerization of various monoisocyanates with ethylene oxide was attempted in relation to the alternate copolymerization of phenyl isocyanate with ethylene oxide by triethylaluminum catalyst. It was found that aliphatic and alicyclic isocyanates are not copolymerizable at all while many of aromatic isocyanates give the copolymer. The copolymer obtained was supposed to be alternate one. As to the substituted phenyl isocyanates, it was shown that ortho ‐substituted isocyanates give the copolymer in high yield, with one exception: o ‐anisyl isocyanate. There is no relation between the copolymer yields and H AMMETT 'S substituent constants. These results suggest that triethylaluminum may preferentially coordinate with the oxygen atom rather with the nitrogen of the isocyanate group and that the coordination of the catalyst with the substituent may also occur. These expectations were confirmed by the infrared technique and the copolymer structure.
Grain Harvest Logistics Modeling and Optimization of Single Harvester / Grain Cart Operations (2018)

Grain harvesting machinery represents one of the largest costs to producers, and harvesting machinery selection is one of the most difficult and important decisions grain producers make. For most large grain producers in the Midwestern United States, in-field harvest machinery may consist of one or more harvesters and service units (usually a grain cart). In this research, optimization models for the harvester and grain cart were developed. The models allowed for direct comparison between machines of different capacities based on the most efficient route, thereby eliminating the operator affect. The harvester optimization model utilized a genetic algorithm to determine the optimal pass order, which minimized the non-working in-field time. Compared to past harvest data of three row crop production fields, the model was able to reduce the non-working in-field travel by an average of 29.1% with a standard deviation of 2.7%. A route optimization model was also developed for the grain cart, which reduced the in-field travel of the grain cart by an average of 25.2% with a standard deviation of 5.4% on five test fields. The models were integrated into a Decision Support Tool (DST) developed in MATLAB. The DST allowed users to upload past spatial yield data and compare machinery performance in their specific fields.
Reflections on trusting trust (1984)

To what extent should one trust a statement that a program is free of Trojan horses? Perhaps it is more important to trust the people who wrote the software.
Quantitative analysis of the nonlinear relationship between neutron or x-ray reflectance and the scattering-length-density profile (1995)

Understanding the nonlinear relationship between neutron or x-ray reflectance and the scattering-length-density (SLD) profile of a surface film is important for valid and efficient data inversion in reflectivity studies of material films, surfaces, and interfaces. For this reason, a systematic analysis is made of the relationship based on existing reflection theories. Mutual relationships among Parratt's formula (a recurrence relationship in optics for calculating the reflectance of a multilayered film), the nonlinear differential equation, the weighted-superposition approximation (WSA), the distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA), and the Born approximation (BA) are first explored. Derivations are presented to unify the nonlinear differential equation for the reflectance, the WSA, the DWBA, and the BA under the same Parratt formula. A simplified DWBA formula is also obtained from the WSA and shown to be simpler and more accurate than the regular DWBA formula. Extensive numerical comparisons are carried out to establish well defined ranges of validity for various formulas. In particular, although the BA is useful for analyzing only large-Q data, such as in x-ray studies, the modified BA formula is shown to be very accurate for most free-liquid surfaces. The simplified DWBA is found to be accurate for films on substrates for which an average SLD is well defined. For both free-liquid surfaces and films on substrates in which multiple reflections are weak, the WSA is proven to be accurate over the entire range of Q except some small deviation around the critical edge.Finally, the origin and manifestation of nonlinearity in the reflectance-SLD relationship are discussed quantitatively. The nonlinearity is found to originate from three sources: multiple reflections between interfaces, the nonlinear dependence of the Fresnel reflectance on the SLD, and the dependence of the phase speed of the wave on the SLD. The nonlinearity affects a reflectivity curve in both amplitude and phase and a simple criterion is established for dividing a reflectivity curve into a nonlinear region and a linear region to facilitate data analysis. Results in this analysis may be used as the basis for developing new methods or improving existing methods for model-independent reflectivity data inversion.
Day-ahead forecasting for photovoltaic power using artificial neural networks ensembles (2016)

Solar photovoltaic plants power output forecasting using machine learning techniques can be of a great advantage to energy producers when they are implemented with day-ahead energy market data. In this work a model was developed using a supervised learning algorithm of multilayer perceptron feedforward artificial neural network to predict the next twenty-four hours (day-ahead) power of a solar facility using fetched weather forecast of the following day. Each set of tested network configuration was trained by the historical power output of the plant as a target. For each configuration, one hundred networks ensembles was averaged to give the ability to generalize a better forecast. The trained ensembles performances were analyzed using statistical indicators. The best-performing model ensembles were eventually used to predict power from the automatically fetched weather data.
Composition of Human Body Movement by Using Action Unit Based on a Muscular Model (2004)

Presently, by using motion capture system for generating human body movement in CG, it is possible to take in movement correctly. However, motion capture system requires expensive equipment and cannot be used easily. Therefore, we developed a system which can compound and make a human body movement animation simply. In addition, a human body movement animation needs human body model. Action Unit is used for this model. Action Unit takes human’s muscles into consideration, and it has arranged muscles so that it may become the right position anatomically. We evaluated an usability of the depeloped system, and checked its validity.
Investigation of resistance to DNA cross-linking agents in 9L cell lines with different sensitivities to chloroethylnitrosoureas. (1985)

The 9L-2, 9L-7, and 9L-8 cell lines, derived from the 9L in vivo rat brain tumor, were treated with nitrosoureas that can alkylate and cross-link DNA and carbamoylate intracellular molecules to various extents. Compared to 9L cells, 9L-2 cells were very resistant to the cytotoxic effects of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, and to 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-D-deoxyglucopyranose. The sensitivity of 9L-7 and 9L-8 cell lines to these drugs was intermediate between 9L and 9L-2. Treatment of 9L, 9L-2, 9L-7, and 9L-8 cell lines with 1,3-bis(trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea produced approximately the same level of cell kill. Compared to 9L cells, 9L-2 cells are 10-fold more resistant to the cytotoxic effects, 34-fold more resistant to the induction of sister chromatid exchanges, and have 40% fewer DNA interstrand cross-links caused by treatment with 3-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea . In contrast, treatment of 9L and 9L-2 cells with 1-ethylnitrosourea produced approximately the same level of cell kill and induction of sister chromatid exchanges. Our results suggest that the resistance of 9L-2, 9L-7, and 9L-8 cells is related to DNA cross-linking and not to alkylation or carbamoylation. We studied the effects of other agents that form DNA cross-links with structures different from those formed by treatment with chloroethylnitrosoureas (CENUs) in 9L and 9L-2 cells. In contrast to results obtained with CENUs, 9L-2 cells were 2-fold more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects, 2-fold more sensitive to the induction of sister chromatid exchanges, and had 3-fold more cross-links formed than 9L cells treated with nitrogen mustard. However, the amount of cell kill, number of sister chromatid exchanges induced, and the DNA cross-linking were the same for 9L and 9L-2 cells treated with cis-diamminedichlorplatinum(II). Our results indicate that cellular resistance to CENUs is highly specific and that the mechanism of resistance does not allow cross-resistance with other DNA cross-linking agents. These and other results suggest that when DNA repair processes mediate cellular resistance to CENUs, other cross-linking agents will not be cross-resistant unless they form alkylation products that are affected by repair processes that mediate resistance to CENUs.
Efficient detection in hyperspectral imagery (2001)

Hyperspectral sensors collect hundreds of narrow and contiguously spaced spectral bands of data. Such sensors provide fully registered high resolution spatial and spectral images that are invaluable in discriminating between man-made objects and natural clutter backgrounds. The price paid for this high resolution data is extremely large data sets, several hundred of Mbytes for a single scene, that make storage and transmission difficult, thus requiring fast onboard processing techniques to reduce the data being transmitted. Attempts to apply traditional maximum likelihood detection techniques for in-flight processing of these massive amounts of hyperspectral data suffer from two limitations: first, they neglect the spatial correlation of the clutter by treating it as spatially white noise; second, their computational cost renders them prohibitive without significant data reduction like by grouping the spectral bands into clusters, with a consequent loss of spectral resolution. This paper presents a maximum likelihood detector that successfully confronts both problems: rather than ignoring the spatial and spectral correlations, our detector exploits them to its advantage; and it is computationally expedient, its complexity increasing only linearly with the number of spectral bands available. Our approach is based on a Gauss-Markov random field (GMRF) modeling of the clutter, which has the advantage of providing a direct parameterization of the inverse of the clutter covariance, the quantity of interest in the test statistic. We discuss in detail two alternative GMRF detectors: one based on a binary hypothesis approach, and the other on a "single" hypothesis formulation. We analyze extensively with real hyperspectral imagery data (HYDICE and SEBASS) the performance of the detectors, comparing them to a benchmark detector, the RX-algorithm. Our results show that the GMRF "single" hypothesis detector outperforms significantly in computational cost the RX-algorithm, while delivering noticeable detection performance improvement.
Magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonian syndromes (1989)

High field strength magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a noninvasive means of evaluating patients with parkinsonism. Using strict clinical criteria, we began a prospective study of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonian syndromes (PS) including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and atypical parkinsonism (ATYP). We detected moderate to severe putaminal hypointensity more frequently in PS than in PD and controls, although putaminal hypointensity did not distinguish between MSA, PSP, or ATYP. Signal intensity in the lateral substantia nigra did not differ significantly among patients with PD, PS, or controls and was therefore not a useful MRI marker. Pars compacta width was significantly narrower in both PD and PS. Subcortical and periventricular hyperintense foci were more abundant in PD and PS than controls. Atrophy of the brainstem occurred only in patients with PS.
Recognizing and Treating Fibromyalgia (1997)

Fibromyalgia is a chronic medical condition characterized by widespread body pain and uncontrollable fatigue. It is often accompanied by many other problems such as irritable bowel, headaches, sleep disorder, and poor circulation. Diagnostic criteria including tender point locations and various other symptoms are provided to aid in recognizing fibromyalgia. Treatment options including the latest drug therapies and self-help therapies should assist the health care provider in treating the fibromyalgia patient. The clinician and the patient must work closely together to identify the combination of treatment options and medications that are most beneficial to each patient. Patient education is crucial since patients who understand their medical condition will be better able to manage their symptoms. Through further research and education, an improved quality of life for patients with fibromyalgia and their families can be attained.
Optical fiber identification system using fiber Bragg gratings (1996)

Summary form only given. In this paper, we present a new identification method that uses identification-numbered (ID-numbered) fiber devices. The ID-numbered fiber devices consist of a combination of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) having various reflection wavelengths.
Pseudosynovial fluid from loosened total hip prosthesis induces osteoclast formation (2005)

Interface tissue between the bone and loosening total hip implant is acidic and highly osteolytic. It is characterized by the formation of cathepsin K positive foreign body giant cells. Similar structures to those found in the normal joint surround the artificial hip joint. Cells in synovial membrane of the artificial hip generate synovial fluid that is called pseudosynovial fluid. Interface tissue fibroblasts are able to produce receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL), which can induce osteoclastogenesis during the loosening process. Western blot analysis indicated that RANKL is present in the pseudosynovial fluid. Pseudosynovial fluid induced cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells to form multinuclear TRAP positive giant cells. In the presence of osteoprotegerin, the soluble RANKL decoy receptor, the number of TRAP positive multinuclear cells was reduced to half (p < 0.05). The multinuclear cells induced with pseudosynovial fluid contained active cathepsin K protein and were capable of bone matrix resorption in vitro. The cells were shown to express osteoclast phenotype markers, such as mRNA for cathepsin K, TRAP, and calcitonin receptor. It is therefore apparent that pseudosynovial fluid from patients with aseptic loosening of total hip prosthesis contains a potent osteoclastogenic factor RANKL that further suggests a favorable environment for osteoclast formation in the peri-implant tissues. It is thus concluded that suppression of RANKL activity may be beneficial in terms of increasing the lifetime of total hip prostheses.
Temporal information in speech: acoustic, auditory and linguistic aspects (1992)

The temporal properties of speech appear to play a more important role in linguistic contrasts than has hitherto been appreciated. Therefore, a new framework for describing the acoustic structure of speech based purely on temporal aspects has been developed. From this point of view, speech can be said to be comprised of three main temporal features, based on dominant fluctuation rates: envelope, periodicity, and fine-structure. Each feature has distinct acoustic manifestations, auditory and perceptual correlates, and roles in linguistic contrasts. The applicability of this three-featured temporal system is discussed in relation to hearing-impaired and normal listeners.
Etifoxine for Pain Patients with Anxiety (2015)

Etifoxine (etafenoxine, Stresam®) is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic with an anticonvulsant effect. It was developed in the 1960s for anxiety disorders and is currently being studied for its ability to promote peripheral nerve healing and to treat chemotherapy-induced pain. In addition to being mediated by GABAAα2 receptors like benzodiazepines, etifoxine appears to produce anxiolytic effects directly by binding to β2 or β3 subunits of the GABAA receptor complex. It also modulates GABAA receptors indirectly via stimulation of neurosteroid production after etifoxine binds to the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) of the outer mitochondrial membrane in the central and peripheral nervous systems, previously known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). Therefore, the effects of etifoxine are not completely reversed by the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil. Etifoxine is used for various emotional and bodily reactions followed by anxiety. It is contraindicated in situations such as shock, severely impaired liver or kidney function, and severe respiratory failure. The average dosage is 150 mg per day for no more than 12 weeks. The most common adverse effect is drowsiness at the initial stage. It does not usually cause any withdrawal syndromes. In conclusion, etifoxine shows less adverse effects of anterograde amnesia, sedation, impaired psychomotor performance, and withdrawal syndromes than those of benzodiazepines. It potentiates GABAA receptor-function by a direct allosteric effect and by an indirect mechanism involving the activation of TSPO. It seems promising that non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics including etifoxine will replenish shortcomings of benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors according to animated studies related to TSPO.
The universality of various types of SIMD machine interconnection networks (1977)

SIMD machine architects must choose an interconnection network to provide interprocessor communication. The universality of a network is its ability to simulate arbitrary interconnections of the processing elements. We examine the universality of five particular networks which cover the types used in the Illiac IV, STARAN, Omen, SIMDA, and RAP machines. They also cover the types discussed by Feng, Lang, Lawrie, Orcutt, Siegel, and Stone. We give O((log2N)2) algorithms, where N is the number of processing elements, for the Perfect Shuffle, PM21, WPM21, and Cube networks to simulate arbitrary interconnections (Orcutt has given an O(N1/2log2N) algorithm for the Illiac network). We analyze Batcher's bitonic sorting method and show how each network can implement it on an SIMD machine. We discuss how sorting destination tags is equivalent to simulating interconnections.
Amides of the Alkali and the Alkaline Earth Metals (1964)

Abstract Following preparative work, the behavior of amides towards excess ammonia (ammoniate formation) and on removal of ammonia (degradation to imides)was studied particularly with regard to the solid state (crystal structure) and the transition to the liquid phase (melting point). Energy relationships are discussed on the basis of enthalpies of formation. Studies on ternary amides and imides are still in the initial stage. – Emphasis is laid here on the establishment of parallels between amides and hydroxides as well as between the aquo and ammono systems, and also on the differences between the amides with their dipolar NH 2 ‐ anion, and the halides. The results, although still incomplete, permit a survey to be given of experimental data with the aid of information obtained from the pertinent literature.