gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study on the mechanism of the thermal decarboxylation of 2-oxetanones (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheoretical study on the mechanism of the thermal decarboxylation of 2-oxetanonesTsutomu Minato and Shinichi YamabeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 9, 1479–1483Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00157a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00157a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Poor Long-Term Survival after Acute Myocardial Infarction among Patients on Long-Term Dialysis (1998)

Patients on dialysis who have acute myocardial infarction have high mortality from cardiac causes and poor long-term survival.
Study of Zinc Dialkydithiophosphate Antiwear Film Formation and Removal Processes, Part I: Experimental (2005)

Two recent trends in engine oil formulation are a progressive reduction in phosphorus concentration so as to reduce its impact on the de-NO x catalyst, and an increase in dispersant concentration to control the level of lubricant viscosity increase over extended drain intervals. Unfortunately, both of these trends make it more difficult to generate and retain effective antiwear films on lubricated surfaces and both thus strengthen the need to understand the processes by which antiwear films are formed, and removed, during rubbing. This article and its companion outline a study of the kinetics of antiwear film growth and removal. In Part I, a test method for monitoring antiwear film thickness during rolling/sliding is described and employed to explore how various factors, including operating temperature, antiwear additive type and concentration, and the presence of dispersant, influence both the formation and removal of the tribofilms formed by the antiwear additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). Part II then analyzes the obtained results to derive a kinetic model of ZDDP film formation and removal (Fujita, et al. [Citation1]. Presented at the STLE Annual Meeting in Toronto, Ontario, Canada May 17-20, 2005 Review led by Elaine Yamaguchi KEY WORDS: Zinc DithiophosphateAntiwearZDDPZnDTPTribofilmInterferometryWearDispersantBoundary Lubrication Notes Presented at the STLE Annual Meeting in Toronto, Ontario, Canada May 17-20, 2005 Review led by Elaine Yamaguchi
Data authentication and provenance management (2007)

With the proliferation of data on the web, it has become astonishingly easy to locate, modify, and republish data (by republish, we are referring to web publishing and not to paper publications). Hence, in addition to the difficulty in locating the origins of data, it's even harder to know the exact details of the "history" of a data item. This information, namely the origins and history of data, is called the provenance information of data. In this paper, we present a model for authenticating data as well as to storing the corresponding provenance information.
Reducing interference in ad hoc networks through topology control (2005)

Topology control aims to increase the lifetime of an ad hoc network by selecting only a subset of the available links to be used for routing. The tradeoff between keeping the spanner properties of the graph while sparsifying the graph has been well studied. However, it has often been assumed that a sparse graph implicitly has low interference, but recent research shows that that is not necessarily true. In this paper, we discuss different methods to measure interference, and present a new interference model that aims to describe the interference of the entire network, rather than just the worst part of it.We present API, a topology control algorithm that serves two purposes: it minimizes the interference in the network according to our metrics, and it keeps the spanner properties of the original graph. The paper is completed by simulations that compare different topologies with respect to different interference metrics.
An analysis of rule coverage as a criterion in generating minimal test suites for grammar-based software (2005)

The term grammar-based software describes software whose input can be specified by a context-free grammar. This grammar may occur explicitly in the software, in the form of an input specification to a parser generator, or implicitly, in the form of a hand-written parser, or other input-verification routines. Grammar-based software includes not only programming language compilers, but also tools for program analysis, reverse engineering, software metrics and documentation generation. Such tools often play a crucial role in automated software development, and ensuring their completeness and correctness is a vital prerequisite for their us.In this paper we propose a strategy for the construction of test suites for grammar based software, and illustrate this strategy using the ISO CPP grammar. We use the concept of rule coverage as a pivot for the reduction of implementation-based and specification-based test suites, and demonstrate a significant decrease in the size of these suites. To demonstrate the validity of the approach, we use the reduced test suite to analyze three grammar-based tools for CPP++. We compare the effectiveness of the reduced test suite with the original suite in terms of code coverage and fault detection.
Evaluation of immune responses in HIV infected patients with pleural tuberculosis by the QuantiFERON®TB-Gold interferon-gamma assay (2008)

The QFT-TB test in blood could contribute to the diagnosis of TB pleuritis in the HIV positive population. Still, the number of inconclusive results is too high to recommend the commercial QFT-TB test for routine use in pleural fluid in a TB/HIV endemic resource-limited setting.
Investigation into atropine‐induced antinociception (1990)

1. The effect of atropine on the nociceptive system was examined in mice and rats by use of the hot-plate, writhing and tail-flick tests. 2. Atropine dose-dependently produced analgesia, no effect and hyperalgesia. Analgesia was observed in both species with doses ranging from 1 to 100 micrograms kg-1 while hyperalgesia was obtained with 5 mg kg-1. 3. Atropine antinociception was prevented by pirenzepine (0.1 microgram per mouse, i.c.v.), dicyclomine (10 mg kg-1, i.p.), atropine-methylbromide (0.5 microgram per mouse, i.c.v.) and hemicholinium-3 (1 microgram per mouse, i.c.v.). Naloxone (1 mg kg-1, i.p.), alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (100 mg kg-1, s.c.) and reserpine (2 mg kg-1, i.p.) were ineffective. 4. The site of atropine analgesia is in the CNS since it exerts its antinociceptive effect also when injected i.c.v. (1-10 ng per mouse). Moreover drugs which do not cross the blood-brain barrier, such as hemicholinium-3, pirenzepine and atropine methylbromide, were unable to antagonize atropine analgesia if administered i.p. 5. Atropine also in vitro, showed a biphasic action on electrically-evoked guinea-pig ileum contractions. Concentrations between 10(-14) and 10(-12) M increased electrically and nicotine-evoked contractions but did not affect acetylcholine- and oxotremorine-evoked contractions. Concentrations above 10(-9) M inhibited both electrically- and drug (acetylcholine, nicotine and oxotremorine)-evoked contractions while they were ineffective on unstimulated ileum. 6. On the basis of the above findings, amplification of cholinergic transmission by very low doses of atropine is postulated, through a selective blockade of presynaptic muscarinic autoreceptors, as the likely mechanism of action. 7. Atropine antinociception, unlike oxotremorine antinociception, was obtained without any impairment of mouse rota-rod performance. 8. The antagonism by pirenzepine and dicyclomine of oxotremorine and atropine antinociception suggests that M1 muscarinic receptor subtypes are responsible for cholinergic analgesia.
Field-dependent mobility model for two-dimensional numerical analysis of MOSFET's (1979)

A field-dependent mobility model for use in two-dimensional numerical analysis of MOSFET's is proposed. This model takes into account two field components: One is the gate field which induces carriers in the inversion layer and the other is the drain field which transports carriers to the drain. Mobility is assumed to be a product of two functions, each of which includes only a field component perpendicular or parallel to the current flow ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E_{\perp} or E_{\parallel}</tex> ), that is \micro = \micro_{0} f (N_{B}, E_{\parallel})g(E_{\perp}), with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\micro_{0}</tex> and N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</inf> being a constant and the impurity concentration, respectively. This equation is applied to calculate the mobility at each mesh point in the numerical analysis. The validity of the present model is demonstrated using several MOSFET structures, for example, conventional structures with short and long gate lengths, and offset-gate structrues with channel-doped layers. Reasonable agreement is found between calculated and experimental results under moderate bias conditions. Flat-band voltage, V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FB</inf> , is assumed to be the only fitting parameter and is adjusted once for each set of samples. Quantitative agreement for short-channel MOSFET's is improved, typically by a factor of 2, and errors are within 20 percent with respect to the experiments.
Ammonium chloride inhibits cell fusion induced by syn mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 (1977)

Cell fusion induced by syn mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 is inhibited by NH4Cl. The inhibition of fusion is both rapid and rapidly reversible and apprears to be due to the NH4+ ion. Virus production was not significantly altered by NH4Cl, although cell growth was greatly diminished.
Inclusion Properties of Acyclic <i>p</i>-Substituted Phenol–Formaldehyde Oligomers (1989)

Abstract Acyclic para-substituted phenol–formaldehyde oligomers (R=H, Me, n-Bu, t-Bu, and cyclohexyl; the number of phenol units=3–6) form host–guest complexes with various organic compounds. The inclusion property of the acyclic oligomers is greatly influenced by the p-substituents of phenol and the number of phenol units in the oligomers; for example, a) while the t-butyl tetramer is effective, the corresponding butyl tetramer has a poor ability for the complex formation, and b) the tetramers and pentamers are good hosts for organic compounds, forming 2:1 (host:guest) complexes in many cases.
Effects of Hypoxia on Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Cells: Protection by Antioxidants (2002)

Age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, are probably linked to the effects of oxygen radicals derived from light or metabolic reactions. We have investigated the effects of hypoxia on bovine retinal pigmented epithelial cells (RPE) and the response of these cells to two antioxidants that have previously shown a beneficial action against free radical-linked senescent involution. The main results of the study were as follows: (i) Hypoxia induced apoptotic damage on RPE cells, with LDH leakage and ATP reduction; (ii) both vitamin C (VC) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) treatment protected against hypoxia-induced apoptosis, with less DNA fragmentation. In our opinion, these findings justify further experimental and clinical work to investigate the role of hypoxia in the mechanisms of age-related RPE injury and death as well as the potential of antioxidant administration to prevent or delay retinal degenerative processes caused by oxygen-dependent pathophysiological conditions.
Comparison of a New Commercial Test, GLABRATA RTT, with a Dipstick Test for Rapid Identification of <i>Candida glabrata</i> (2005)

This study compares the performance of a 3-h dipstick trehalose test with GLABRATA RTT, a new commercially available 20-min test for the rapid identification of Candida glabrata. With the exception of blood agar, GLABRATA RTT gave reliable results with all media tested and was always superior to the dipstick test.
Real time 3D animation using progressive transmission (2003)

Current methods of compressing 3D animation for transmission over the Internet tend to be of very low quality. Quality is sacrificed to keep bandwidth low when using lossy compression techniques such as MPEG, Cinepak, or more recent formats such as Vivo and VDOnet. While these techniques can be effective approaches to all-purpose video compression, it should be possible to achieve better performance with the knowledge that the source consists of 3D animation. A new technique is proposed, which instead of focusing on compressing the rendered frames of the animation sequence, compresses and optimizes the original source scene data for streaming, and renders the 3D scene in real time on the client system.
Deceive, and be deceived! (2004)

In their struggle for life, many species, for example prokaryotes, plants and animals, defend themselves by producing substances which may poison or disorientate (potential) enemies (grazers/predators etc), or signal information which puts (potential) enemies on the wrong track. Examples of poisonous/ disorientating substances include prussic acid (e.g. almonds) or morphine (papaver), examples of 'false' visual cues include the appearance of harmless hoverflies which strongly resemble 'dangerous' wasps or certain orchid flowers which resemble the female sex organs of certain insects ('mimicry'). Misleading is an essential part of communication systems.
Automated species recognition of antbirds in a Mexican rainforest using hidden Markov models (2008)

Behavioral and ecological studies would benefit from the ability to automatically identify species from acoustic recordings. The work presented in this article explores the ability of hidden Markov models to distinguish songs from five species of antbirds that share the same territory in a rainforest environment in Mexico. When only clean recordings were used, species recognition was nearly perfect, 99.5%. With noisy recordings, performance was lower but generally exceeding 90%. Besides the quality of the recordings, performance has been found to be heavily influenced by a multitude of factors, such as the size of the training set, the feature extraction method used, and number of states in the Markov model. In general, training with noisier data also improved recognition in test recordings, because of an increased ability to generalize. Considerations for improving performance, including beamforming with sensor arrays and design of preprocessing methods particularly suited for bird songs, are discussed. Combining sensor network technology with effective event detection and species identification algorithms will enable observation of species interactions at a spatial and temporal resolution that is simply impossible with current tools. Analysis of animal behavior through real-time tracking of individuals and recording of large amounts of data with embedded devices in remote locations is thus a realistic goal.
Superparamagnetic Behavior in Noninteracting NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Nanoparticles Grown in SiO<sub>2</sub>Matrix (2007)

Inverse spinel NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (2.5 nm–25 nm) in SiO2 matrix were prepared by sol–gel method. The phase and particle size of the samples were determined by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. Magnetic properties and Mössbauer spectra of the samples were studied with different ferrite particle sizes. Superparamagnetic behavior was observed at room temperature when the average particle size was less than 6 nm and also for larger particles at higher temperatures. The Mössbauer spectra changed from two-peaks to six-peaks pattern with the increase in particles size and decrease in temperature. Two sets of sextets in the Mössbauer spectra indicate the presence of iron ion in the tetrahedral as well as in octahedral sites. The Langevin function used to explain paramagnetism is found to describe well the magnetic behavior of these samples consisting of single domain particles in the superparamagnetic state.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Unnatural Enediynes and Related Analogues Equipped with pH-Dependent or Phototriggering Devices (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Unnatural Enediynes and Related Analogues Equipped with pH-Dependent or Phototriggering DevicesMoumita Kar and Amit BasakView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 7, 2861–2890Publication Date (Web):June 23, 2007Publication History Received2 June 2006Published online23 June 2007Published inissue 1 July 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr068399ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr068399iresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2968Altmetric-Citations183LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Crystal cleavage,Genetics,Molecules,Reactivity,Sulfones Get e-Alerts
Finite element modeling for optimization of microwave heating of in‐shell eggs and experimental validation (2011)

SUMMARY Considering microwave (MW) heating as a viable alternative for in‐shell pasteurization of eggs, after the simulation of the MW heating process by using a finite element model, process optimization was carried out to determine the most effective procedure and design for the process. The varying parameters obtained by using different modeling techniques for MW heating of in‐shell eggs were optimized. Laboratory‐scale experimental trials were conducted to test the validity and effectiveness of the optimized parameters. The optimal parameters set forth were found to be more efficient in terms of heating time and uniformity. MW heating appeared to be a viable alternative for the pasteurization of in‐shell eggs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Skew correction of business card images in PDA (2004)

We present an efficient algorithm for skew correction of business card images obtained by a PDA camera. -The proposed method is composed of four parts: block adaptive binarization (BAB), stripe generation, skew angle calculation, and image rotation. In the BAB, an input image is binarized block by block so as to lessen the effects of irregular illumination and shadows over the input image. In the stripe generation, character string clusters are generated merging character strings and their inter-spaces, and then only clusters useful for skew angle calculation are output as stripes. In the skew angle calculation, the direction angles of the stripes are calculated using their central moments and then the skew angle of the input image is determined averaging the direction angles. In the image rotation, the input image is rotated by the skew angle. Experimental results show that the proposed method yields correction rates of 100% for business card images in normal conditions and about 90% for those in ill conditions.
DPAnalyzer: An example of combining common and innovative methods for probe-vehicle-based urban traffic monitoring (2011)

The acronym DPAnalyzer (short for Density Profile Analyzer) represents a recently proposed and innovative method for estimating traffic states at (signalized) intersections based on common probe vehicle data (PVD). This contribution describes a new extension to this approach which at first yields an alternative way to compute travel and delay times from PVD without the need of vehicle tracking. Most notably, however, the extended DPAnalyzer now is able to directly incorporate nearly all types of algorithms used for (probe-vehicle-based) urban travel time monitoring. This paper explains the basic concepts of how to realize these connections and elucidates the advantages resulting from that.
Trifluoroacetyl as a Protecting Group for 1-Halo Sugars (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrifluoroacetyl as a Protecting Group for 1-Halo SugarsHoward NewmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 4, 1287–1288Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01015a533Request reuse permissionsArticle Views790Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (298 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts