gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reverse engineering Web applications: the WARE approach (2004)

Abstract The rapid, progressive diffusion of Web applications in several productive contexts of our modern society is laying the foundations of a renewed scenario of software development, where one of the emerging problems is that of defining and validating cost‐effective approaches for maintaining and evolving these software systems. Due to several factors, the solution to this problem is not straightforward. The heterogeneous and dynamic nature of components making up a Web application, the lack of effective programming mechanisms for implementing basic software engineering principles in it, and undisciplined development processes induced by the high pressure of a very short time‐to‐market, make Web application maintenance a challenging problem. A relevant issue consists of reusing the methodological and technological experience in the sector of traditional software maintenance, and exploring the opportunity of using reverse engineering to support effective Web application maintenance. This paper presents an approach for defining reverse engineering processes involving Web applications. The approach has been used to implement a process, including reverse engineering methods and a supporting software tool, that helps to understand existing undocumented Web applications to be maintained or evolved, through the reconstruction of UML diagrams. The proposed reverse engineering process has been submitted to a validation experiment, the results of which showed the usability of the process for reverse engineering Web applications with different characteristics, and highlighted possible areas for improvement of its effectiveness. The experiment and the lessons learned from it are presented in the paper. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Integrated Framework for Automating Content Enrich Packaging and Distribution with DRM support. (2006)

Content enrichment is one of the most expensive activities related to the integration and augmentation of information of content elements. This activity is typically performed for cultural and educational content and recently also for edutainment and infotainment. AXMEDIS Framework aims at providing technical solutions and tools for reducing costs by automating content production, protection and distribution, thus supporting activities of content enrichment. The AXMEDIS solution is based on GRID technology and provides an efficient management of content processing and finalization as well as for dynamic service discovery and composition, distributed resource management and adaptive media delivery. AXMEDIS is a large IST FP6 Integrated Project of Research and Development, in which a set of enabling technologies are developed to cope with the above mentioned problems.
Plant Outage Time Savings Provided by Subcritical Physics Testing at Vogtle Unit 2 (2006)

The most recent core reload design verification physics testing done at Southern Nuclear Company’s (SNC) Vogtle Unit 2, performed prior to initial power operations in operating cycle 12, was successfully completed while the reactor was at least 1% ΔK/K subcritical. The testing program used was the first application of the Subcritical Physics Testing (SPT) program developed by the Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. The SPT program centers on the application of the Westinghouse Subcritical Rod Worth Measurement (SRWM) methodology that was developed in cooperation with the Vogtle Reactor Engineering staff. The SRWM methodology received U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approval in August of 2005. The first application of the SPT program occurred at Vogtle Unit 2 in October of 2005. The results of the core design verification measurements obtained during the SPT program demonstrated excellent agreement with prediction, demonstrating that the predicted core characteristics were in excellent agreement with the actual operating characteristics of the core. This paper presents an overview of the SPT Program used at Vogtle Unit 2 during operating cycle 12, and a discussion of the critical path outage time savings the SPT program is capable of providing.
A code generation interface for ANSI C (1991)

Abstract 1cc is a retargetable, production compiler for ANSI C; it has been ported to the VAX, Motorola 68020, SPARC, and MIPS R3000, and some versions have been in use for over a year and a half. It is smaller and faster than generally available alternatives, and its local code is comparable. This paper describes the interface between the target‐independent front end and the target‐dependent back ends. The interface consists of shared data structures, a few functions, and a dag language. While this approach couples the front and back ends tightly, it results in efficient, compact compilers. The interface is illustrated by detailing a code generator that emits naive VAX code.
Hypersensitivity to Clinically Useful Alkylating Agents and Radiation in Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-Deficient Cell Lines (1990)

Mutant V79 Chinese hamster cell lines, deficient in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity, were previously shown to be significantly resistant to etoposide, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, and hypersensitive to camptothecin, a topoisomerase I inhibitor (Chatterjee, S.; Trivedi, D.; Petzold, S.J.; Berler, N.A. Mechanism of epipophyllotoxin-induced cell death in poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) synthesis-deficient V79 Chinese hamster cell lines. Cancer Res. 50:2713-2718, 1990 and Chatterjee, S.; Cheng, M.F.; Trivedi, D.; Petzold, S.J.; Berger, N.A. Camptothecin hypersensitivity in poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-deficient cell lines. Cancer Commun. 1:389-394; 1990). We have now demonstrated hypersensitivity of these mutant cell lines, designated ADPRT 54 and ADPRT 351, to a variety of antitumor agents including melphalan, BCNU, mitomycin, and bleomycin. They are also hypersensitive to UV- and x-irradiation. These mutants, however, are significantly resistant to the topoisomerase II-targeted DNA intercalators, Adriamycin and m-AMSA. Our results strongly suggest that inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase could be useful to potentiate the cytotoxicity of a variety of currently available antitumor drugs.
The influence of oxygen partial pressure and temperature on Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O 110 K superconductor phase formation and its stability (1993)

A systematic study of the influence of oxygen partial pressure on 110 K phase formation in the Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system has been undertaken on the optimum nominal composition to promote the Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ow (2223, 110 K) phase, i.e.; Bi1.84Pb0.34Sr1.91Ca2.03Cu3.06Ow. The relationship between 110 K phase fraction, oxygen partial pressure, sintering temperature, and time has been mapped for this composition via experimental data. The optimum conditions for 110 K phase formation were identified as 0.01≤PO2≤0.35 atm, at 820≤T≤880 °C for ≤36 h with intermediate grinding every 6 h. The single 110 K phase stability range was determined as PO2≤0.5 atm. The variation of oxygen partial pressure during the 110 K phase formation process was monitored via a Y2O3-ZrO2 oxygen sensor and a possible mechanism for its formation and the effect of PO2 thereon is discussed.
First‐Principles Considerations in the Design of Pd‐Alloy Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction (2007)

The enhanced catalytic activity of Pd-alloy catalysts in oxygen reduction and the “volcano” relationship between activity and degree of alloying were studied by experiment and DFT calculations. Catalytic activity correlates with adsorption energy (AE) of Oads, which in turn depends on lattice strain (a/a0) due to alloying. A guideline for the rational design of such catalysts (see picture) predicts that a Pd11Fe alloy will have similar activity to Pt. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z604332_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Nuclear p53 Immunoreaction Associated with Poor Prognosis of Breast Cancer (1991)

p53 protein has been frequently detected at high levels in the nuclei of human breast cancer cells. We analyzed immunohistochemically the association between nuclear localization of p53 protein and clinical and histological parameters of breast cancer patients. Surgically resected tissues of 73 primary breast cancers were processed by acetone fixation and paraffin embedding and examined using an anti-p53 monoclonal antibody, PAb1801. p53 immunoreactivity was detected in the nuclei of cancer cells in 17 cases (23%). The nuclear p53 immunoreaction was closely associated with overexpression of c-erbB-2 protein (P less than 0.05), high histologic grade (P less than 0.01), advanced clinical stage (P less than 0.05), and negative estrogen receptor status (P less than 0.01). When 31 cases which had been followed up for more than 50 months were examined, a positive nuclear p53 immunoreaction was found to be significantly associated with shorter overall survival of patients (P less than 0.01). These results suggest that immunohistochemical examination of nuclear p53 protein is clinically useful as an indicator of breast cancer aggressiveness.
Diffusion competition between solvent and nonsolvent during the coagulation process of cellulose / ammonia / ammonium thiocynate fiber spinning system (1990)

Abstract An investigation of the diffusion competition between solvent and nonsolvent in a coagulation bath is presented for the formation of a new cellulosic fiber by wet‐spinning. The system consisted of the spinnable cellulose solution with a mixture of liquid ammonia/ammonia thiocynate as the solvent and low‐molecular‐weight alcohols as the nonsolvents. The diffusion competition between solvent and nonsolvent was quantitatively characterized in terms of their mass transfer rate differences. The measurements of this rate difference were performed on the model filament shaped from gelled cellulose solutions. Results revealed that an increase in molecular size of coagulant, bath temperature, and coagulant concentration in the bath enhanced preferential diffusion of solvent from cellulose solution. Fiber spinning experiments showed that a higher value of the initial modulus of the fiber was attained with a coagulation condition providing a lower value of mass transfer rate difference. The importance of mass transfer rate difference was also shown in the influence of the fiber cross‐sectional shapes.
Tissue Response to Subcutaneously Implanted Recombinant Spider Silk: An in Vivo Study (2009)

Spider silk is an interesting biomaterial for medical applications. Recently, a method for production of recombinant spider silk protein (4RepCT) that forms macroscopic fibres in physiological solution was developed. Herein, 4RepCT and MersilkTM (control) fibres were implanted subcutaneously in rats for seven days, without any negative systemic or local reactions. The tissue response, characterised by infiltration of macrophages and multinucleated cells, was similar with both fibres, while only the 4RepCT-fibres supported ingrowth of fibroblasts and newly formed capillaries. This in vivo study indicates that 4RepCT-fibres are well tolerated and could be used for medical applications, e.g., tissue engineering.
Effect of aliphatic diacyl adipic dihydrazides on the crystallization of poly(lactic acid) (2015)

ABSTRACT A series of aliphatic diacyl adipic dihydrazides (ADHs) with different alkyl moieties were synthesized by the reaction between adipic dihydrazide and acyl chloride. Then these ADHs were solution blended with PLA respectively and were evaluated as nucleating agents. Through the investigation of nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization, it was found that both the crystallization rate and the crystallinity of PLA could be enhanced by adding only 1 wt % of ADHs. Especially for ADH‐Oc (ADH‐Octyl), the crystallization rate of PLA increased about 4 times at 105°C. Optical morphology showed that and the size of PLA spherulites decreased and the nucleation density increased with the existence of ADH‐Oc. Meanwhile, the crystal structure of PLA were not discerniblly affected after the addition of ADHs as found by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. Thus, this study suggested these ADHs compounds are simple and potential nucleating agents to enhance crystallization ability of PLA. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 42028.
Struvite Precipitation in the Sludge Stream at Slough Wastewater Treatment Plant and Opportunities for Phosphorus Recovery (1999)

Abstract Struvite precipitation has been a problem at Slough wastewater treatment works for a number of years. The plant has recently been extended with a 3-stage Bardenpho plant which has reduced the phosphorus concentration in the effluent and led to an increase in struvite precipitation in the digested sludge pipelines. These problems have been overcome in the short term by dissolving the struvite in 10% sulphuric acid. It is hoped to provide longer term protection against struvite precipitation by installing magnetic water softening devices at key locations. This form of protection is already providing some benefit at one point on the site. The phosphorus concentration and loads at a number of points on the site have been investigated. By combining two streams, the centrate from the sludge dewatering plant and the liquor from thickening the waste activated sludge, a relatively clean stream containing 160 mgl−1 of soluble phosphate, a load of 136 kgd−1 can be produced. In order to make best use of this stream it is important to prevent struvite formation at other points in the plant where the precipitation can cause operational problems. Keywords: Phosphorus removalstruviteactivated sludgedigestion
Trigeminal Receptor Study of High-Intensity Cooling Agents (2017)

Compounds capable of providing trigeminal effects are important to the flavor industry. Cooling agents activate a class of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 18 cooling agents by high-throughput screening through TRPM-8 and TRPA-1 channels. These coolants were further evaluated by a sensory analysis panel in a sucrose solution testing for a perceived activity. The results reveal that WS-5 activates both TRPA-1 and TRPM-8 receptor channels; WS-3 actives primarily TRPM-8, whereas FEMA-4557 activates the TRPA-1 channel. Sensory evaluation shows that for the same concentration in aqueous solution, the cooling intensity follows the order WS-5 > WS-3 > FEMA-4557 > WS-23. Human sensory perception of cooling intensity correlates better for TRPM-8 than for TRPA-1.
Glycoprotein production for structure analysis with stable, glycosylation mutant CHO cell lines established by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (2010)

Stable mammalian cell lines are excellent tools for the expression of secreted and membrane glycoproteins. However, structural analysis of these molecules is generally hampered by the complexity of N-linked carbohydrate side chains. Cell lines with mutations are available that result in shorter and more homogenous carbohydrate chains. Here, we use preparative fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and site-specific gene excision to establish high-yield glycoprotein expression for structural studies with stable clones derived from the well-established Lec3.2.8.1 glycosylation mutant of the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. We exemplify the strategy by describing novel clones expressing single-chain hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF, a secreted glycoprotein) and a domain of lysosome-associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3d). In both cases, stable GFP-expressing cell lines were established by transfection with a genetic construct including a GFP marker and two rounds of cell sorting after 1 and 2 weeks. The GFP marker was subsequently removed by heterologous expression of Flp recombinase. Production of HGF/SF and LAMP3d was stable over several months. 1.2 mg HGF/SF and 0.9 mg LAMP3d were purified per litre of culture, respectively. Homogenous glycoprotein preparations were amenable to enzymatic deglycosylation under native conditions. Purified and deglycosylated LAMP3d protein was readily crystallized. The combination of FACS and gene excision described here constitutes a robust and fast procedure for maximizing the yield of glycoproteins for structural analysis from glycosylation mutant cell lines.
Evaluation of microarray data normalization procedures using spike-in experiments (2006)

The use of spike-in experiments is a powerful approach for evaluating microarray preprocessing procedures. Analyzed data are characterized by properties of the observed log-ratios and the analysis' ability to detect differentially expressed genes. If bias is not a major problem; we recommend the use of either the CM-procedure or partial filtration.
Conclusion (2000)

People’s enthusiasm for and consent regarding a nation’s development are not readily quantifiable. They are, however, important economic indicators in estimating a nation’s economic potential, and thus are essential elements of economic growth. Accordingly, I tried to find the roots of the growth energy of Asia in its historical background and attempted to forecast its future within the framework of a causal nexus of military power, science and technology, and economic power. From this view, the development energy that Asian nations have shown so far is truly incredible and, based on the factors explored in this book, the future looks very promising. Nevertheless, in the late 1990s Asian economics are being hit hard enough by plummeting stock prices and currency instability to be considered part of an ‘Asian panic’. Such economic instability originating from South-east Asian countries is causing concern as to whether the depletion of the aforementioned development energy is the cause of the crisis.
Hydrogen Tunneling above Room Temperature Evidenced by Infrared Ion Spectroscopy (2017)

While hydrogen tunneling at elevated temperatures has, for instance, often been postulated in biochemical processes, spectroscopic proof is thus far limited to cryogenic conditions, under which thermal reactivity is negligible. We report spectroscopic evidence for H-tunneling in the gas phase at temperatures around 320-350 K observed in the isomerization reaction of a hydroxycarbene into an aldehyde. The charge-tagged carbene was generated in situ in a tandem mass spectrometer by decarboxylation of oxo[4-(trimethylammonio)phenyl]acetic acid upon collision induced dissociation. All ion structures involved are characterized by infrared ion spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The charge-tagged phenylhydroxycarbene undergoes a 1,2-H-shift to the corresponding aldehyde with an half-life of about 10 s, evidenced by isomer-selective two-color (IR-IR) spectroscopy. In contrast, the deuterated (OD) carbene analogue showed much reduced 1,2-D-shift reactivity with an estimated half-life of at least 200 s under the experimental conditions, and provides clear evidence for hydrogen atom tunneling in the H-isotopologue. This is the first spectroscopic confirmation of hydrogen atom tunneling governing 1,2-H-shift reactions at noncryogenic temperatures, which is of broad significance for a range of (bio)chemical processes, including enzymatic transformations and organocatalysis.
Concise Review: Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2019)

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, are the ideal cell sources for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. In particular, regenerative therapy with hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) is an unmet medical need for the treatment of severe heart failure. Cardiac differentiation protocols from hPSCs are made on the basis of cardiac development in vivo. However, current protocols have yet to yield 100% pure CMs, and their maturity is low. Cardiac development is regulated by the cardiac gene network, including transcription factors (TFs). According to our current understanding of cardiac development, cardiac TFs are sequentially expressed during cardiac commitment in hPSCs. Expression levels of each gene are strictly regulated by epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs significantly influence cardiac differentiation. These complex circuits of genetic and epigenetic factors dynamically affect protein expression and metabolic changes in cardiac differentiation and maturation. Here, we review cardiac differentiation protocols and their molecular machinery, closing with a discussion of the future challenges for producing hPSC-derived CMs. Stem Cells 2019;37:992-1002.
Confidence intervals for the effect of a prognostic factor after selection of an ‘optimal’ cutpoint (2004)

When investigating the effects of potential prognostic or risk factors that have been measured on a quantitative scale, values of these factors are often categorized into two groups. Sometimes an 'optimal' cutpoint is chosen that gives the best separation in terms of a two-sample test statistic. It is well known that this approach leads to a serious inflation of the type I error and to an overestimation of the effect of the prognostic or risk factor in absolute terms. In this paper, we illustrate that the resulting confidence intervals are similarly affected. We show that the application of a shrinkage procedure to correct for bias, together with bootstrap resampling for estimating the variance, yields confidence intervals for the effect of a potential prognostic or risk factor with the desired coverage.
Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in more than 16 million infections and more than 600,000 deaths worldwide. There is an urgent need to develop a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, several strategies are being pursued to develop a safe and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, each vaccine strategy has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is important to evaluate multiple vaccine platforms to select the most efficient vaccine platform for SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian virus, has several well-suited properties for development of a vector vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we elaborate on the idea of considering NDV as a vaccine vector for SARS-CoV-2.
Design of a Reduction-Resistant Ce[sub 0.8]Sm[sub 0.2]O[sub 1.9] Electrolyte Through Growth of a Thin BaCe[sub 1−x]Sm[sub x]O[sub 3−α] Layer over Electrolyte Surface (2004)

A method that can block off electronic current through a samaria-doped ceria (SDC, electrolyte is proposed. A thin -based layer 12 μm thick was grown by a solid-state reaction of the electrolyte substrate and a BaO film deposited previously over the substrate surface at 1500°C. A homogeneous junction between the layer and the electrolyte was formed, thus allowing no delamination and cracking of the layer. Tolerance of this layer to was high enough to suppress decomposition into and Open-circuit voltages of a hydrogen-air fuel cell with the coated SDC electrolyte were near 1 V or more in the range of 600-950°C. The resulting peak power density was higher than that of a fuel cell with an uncoated SDC electrolyte. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Ligandstruktur und Komplexierung, XXXIV. Nichtcyclische Neutralliganden mit Phenol‐Endgruppen (1978)

Abstract Die halbseitig durch Oligoethylenoxy‐Ketten verbundenen Brenzkatechinether 1 – 3 liefern mit Alkali‐ oder Erdalkalimetallsalzen drei verschiedene Komplextypen: durch anorganische Gegen‐ionen neutralisierte vom Typ der offenkettigen Kronenetherkomplexe und — nach Abspaltung eines oder zweier Protonen — „saure”︁ Komplexe, in denen die Liganden als Mono‐ bzw. Dianionen vorliegen.