gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Folate antagonists. 5. Antimalarial and antibacterial effects of 2,4‐diamino‐6‐(aryloxy and aralkoxy)quinazoline antimetabolites (1972)

Abstract 2 Various4‐diamino‐6‐(phenoxy, naphthyloxy, and phenalkoxy)quinazolines (VIII, XIV) were synthesized for antimalarial and antibacterial evaluation. Treatment of the anion of the requisite phenol or naphthol with 5‐chloro‐2‐nitrobenzonitrile (V) gave the corresponding 2‐nitro‐5‐(phenoxy and naphthyloxy)benzonitriles (VI) (33–78%). Alternatively, alkylation of 5‐hydroxy‐2‐nitrobenzaldehyde (IX) with the appropriate phenalkyl halide afforded the 2‐nitro‐5‐(phenalkoxy)benzaldehydes (X) (27–62%), which were converted to the 2‐nitro‐5‐(phenalkoxy)benzonitriles (XII) via the intermediate oximes XI (62–87% overall). Reduction of the 2‐nitrobenzonitriles (VI, XII) with stannous chloride‐hydrochloric acid provided the corresponding 2‐amino‐5‐(phenoxy, naphthyloxy, and phenalkoxy)benzonitriles (VII, XIII) (30–83%), which upon cyclization with chloroformamidine hydrochloride gave the 2,4‐diaminoquinazolines VIII and XIV (12–85%). Against Plasmodium berghei in mice, eleven compounds were active orally at doses ranging from 6.3 to 174 mg./kg./day for 6 days, while seven substances displayed activity subcutaneously following single doses of 40–640 mg./kg. Fifteen compounds exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against Streptococcus faecalis (MGH‐2), normal (UC‐76) and drug‐resistant (S18713) Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (Vogel), and Shigella sonnei (C‐10) with MIC's ranging from < 0.25 to 20 μg./ml. (gradient plate). Data on the inhibitory effects of representative compounds against Streptococcus faecalis R ( S. faecium var. durans), S. faecalis A (amino‐pterin, methotrexate‐resistant), and Lactobacillus plantarum are presented, and overall structure‐activity relationships are discussed.
Tagging RDT&E. Volume 1. Technology Assessment and Development Reports (1994)

Abstract : The purpose of the Tagging Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDT&E) contract was to assist in the development of tag and seal systems to support U.S. arms control treaty verification inspections. Numerous technical assessments of tag and seal technology concepts were performed. Developmental. functional, operational, and environmental testing of DOE prototypes and commercial tag and seal systems representing a wide range of technologies were conducted. In addition, the Secure Loop Inspectable Tag/Seal (SLITS), the Passive Tamper Indicating Loop Seal (PTILS), and the Universal videographic Reader (UR) systems were developed to the industrial (fieldable) prototype stage. Arms control, Technology assessments, Treaty verification, Environmental testing, Tags and seals, Operational testing.
Stroke in south Alabama: incidence and diagnostic features--a population based study. (1984)

This study has attempted to identify all persons from an area of southern Alabama who had a stroke in 1980 and were hospitalized. Data were gathered on disease onset, clinical course, laboratory results, history of risk factors, and outcome. The age-adjusted incidence rates for initial stroke were 109 per 100,000 for whites and 208 per 100,000 for blacks. Age-specific rates were higher in blacks than whites, and highest for black females. The distribution of cases by type of stroke was: atherothrombotic (6%), embolic (26%), lacunar (13%), infarction of unspecified origin (40%), parenchymatous hemorrhage (8%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (6%), and unidentified type (1%). Blacks had higher incidence rates for hemorrhages, and black females had the highest incidence rate for lacunar stroke. The overall stroke incidence rates in this series were not significantly higher than those from prior population studies, suggesting that southern Alabama is not part of the so-called "Stroke Belt" area of the southeastern United States.
在1.319μm产生122W连续波功率由二极管泵浦的Nd：YAG激光器 (2001)

报导了振荡于1.319μm波长上的高功率二极管泵浦的Nd:YAG激光器，122W连续波（CW）激光束的M^2因子达到了35，光效率为19．6％，在1．319μm处，包括热透镜效应在内的一些激射特性，与在1．06μm的情形相当，与非激射条件相比，在激射条件下1．319μm处的热透镜应的焦距减小25％，在1．06μm处则增加了15％，根据这些实验结果，并相对于高激光能级上非辐射跃迁，讨论了Nd:YAG棒的热损耗。
Analysis of PCFICH channel architecture for LTE using unfolding technique (2011)

Realization of transmitter and Receiver architecture for LTE is the major research work being carried out by implementation experts. There are four Control channels available in LTE for both uplink and downlink. The uplink control channel is PUCCH. The downlink control channels are PDCCH, PCFICH and PHICH. The Physical Control Format Indicator Channel(PCFICH) is one among the downlink physical control channel and it carries the number of OFDM symbols used by the PDCCH channel, denoted as Control Format Indicator(CFI). These control channels play a key role in the correct decoding of the payload information. The CFI is the first information received by the User and so is important for the system performance. In this paper, the realization of architecture for the PCFICH are done using FPGA, and the VLSI DSP technique called unfolding is applied for optimization. The simulations are done using Modelsim and are implemented in Xilinx Spartan 3E kit.
D-Cycloserine Treatment of Alzheimer Disease (1994)

Degeneration of cortical glutamatergic projections may contribute to the cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease (AD). To evaluate whether 1glutamate system stimulation might confer symptomatic benefit, we administered D-cycloserine, a putative partial indirect agonist at certain N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, to 12 patients with probable AD. The patients (seven men, five women) had a mean age of 65 +/- 8.4 years; Mini Mental State Examination scores ranged from 15 to 25. A dose escalation phase, in which cycloserine was given in daily oral doses from 25 to 500 mg (total of six dose levels, 1 week per dose), was followed by a "best dose" crossover comparison with placebo under double-blind conditions. The crossover phase consisted of 2 weeks of cycloserine and 2 weeks of placebo, separated by a 1-week washout period. We observed no significant or consistent effect on neuropsychological outcome measures. The results suggest that short-term potentiation of NMDA-mediated glutamatergic transmission may not prove useful in the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer dementia.
1994 Spending for Food Away From Home Outpaces Food at Home (1995)

F ood spending in the United States rose to $647 billion in 1994, a 5.3-percent increase over 1993 (table 1). Expenditures for eating out (food away from home) led the way, rising 6.1 percent to $303.2 billion. Retail food expenditures (food at home) rose 4.6 percent to $343.7 billion. Adjusted for inflation, however, total food spending rose 2.6 percent in 1994--up 1.0 percent for food at home and up 4.3 percent for food away from home. Personal food spending increased less than that for most other major categories of personal consumption since the 1990-91 recession, as is typical. Personal food spending differs from total food spending because it excludes expenditures by governments and businesses. Personal expenditures for all food rose 5.7 percent in 1994, while spending on transportation, cars, and gasoline went up 6.7 percent, and medical care and drugs increased 6.6 percent (table 2). Of the 5.7-percent increase for all personal food expenditures in 1994, there was a 7.4-percent growth in away-from-home food expenses compared with only a 4.7-percent increase in expenditures for food at home. In 1994, only 11.4 percent of disposable personal income of households was spent on food-6.8 percent went to food at home and 4.5 percent to food away from home. That compares with 12.4 percent of disposable personal income going to food in 1984. About 25 percent of disposable personal income in 1994 was spent on housing (including supplies, fuel, and furniture), 16 percent on medical care and drugs, 11 percent on transportation (including cars and gasoline), and only 4 percent was allocated to savings. Once adjusted for inflation and population growth, total food spending per person fell 0.9 percent in 1994 (fig. 1). But the trend toward eating out more continues, with a 3.2-percent increase partially offsetting a 4.3-percent decrease in food at home to soften the decline in per capita real food spending.
Modeling Population Genetic Data in Autotetraploid Species (2005)

Allozyme and PCR-based molecular markers have been widely used to investigate genetic diversity and population genetic structure in autotetraploid species. However, an empirical but inaccurate approach was often used to infer marker genotype from the pattern and intensity of gel bands. Obviously, this introduces serious errors in prediction of the marker genotypes and severely biases the data analysis. This article developed a theoretical model to characterize genetic segregation of alleles at genetic marker loci in autotetraploid populations and a novel likelihood-based method to estimate the model parameters. The model properly accounts for segregation complexities due to multiple alleles and double reduction at autotetrasomic loci in natural populations, and the method takes appropriate account of incomplete marker phenotype information with respect to genotype due to multiple-dosage allele segregation at marker loci in tetraploids. The theoretical analyses were validated by making use of a computer simulation study and their utility is demonstrated by analyzing microsatellite marker data collected from two populations of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), an economically important autotetraploid tree species. Numerical analyses based on simulation data indicate that the model parameters can be adequately estimated and double reduction is detected with good power using reasonable sample size.
Compact 111-Gbit/s integrated RZ-DQPSK modulator using hybrid assembly technique with silica-based PLCs and LiNbO<inf>3</inf> devices (2008)

We developed a compact RZ-DQPSK modulator using six arrayed optical phase modulators with an LN waveguide, two PLCs with 1×2 couplers and a U-turned waveguide. This modulator exhibited good 111-Gbit/s CSRZ-DQPSK modulation performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7H‐Pyrido(2,3‐c)carbazoles from 5‐Bromo‐8‐ methoxyquinolines via Coupling and Azide Cyclization Reactions. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
3D Si/C Fiber Paper Electrodes Fabricated Using a Combined Electrospray/Electrospinning Technique for Li‐Ion Batteries (2014)

Although the theoretical capacity of silicon is ten times higher than that of graphite, the overall electrode capacity of Si anodes is still low due to the low Si loading and heavy metal current collector. Here, a novel flexible 3D Si/C fiber paper electrode synthesized by simultaneously electrospraying nano‐Si‐PAN (polyacrylonitrile) clusters and electrospinning PAN fibers followed by carbonization is reported. The combined technology allows uniform incorporation of Si nanoparticles into a carbon textile matrix to form a nano‐Si/carbon composite fiber paper. The flexible 3D Si/C fiber paper electrode demonstrate a very high overall capacity of ≈1600 mAh g ‐1 with capacity loss less than 0.079% per cycle for 600 cycles and excellent rate capability. The exceptional performance is attributed to the unique architecture of the flexible 3D Si/C fiber paper, i.e., the resilient and conductive carbon fiber network matrix, carbon‐coated Si nanoparticle clusters, strong adhesion between carbon fibers and Si nanoparticle clusters, and uniform distribution of Si/C clusters in the carbon fiber frame. The scalable and facile synthesis method, good mechanical properties, and excellent electrochemical performance at a high Si loading make the flexible 3D Si/C fiber paper batteries extremely attractive for plug‐in electric vehicles, flexible electronics, space exploration, and military applications.
Spatially Common Sparsity Based Adaptive Channel Estimation and Feedback for FDD Massive MIMO (2015)

This paper proposes a spatially common sparsity based adaptive channel estimation and feedback scheme for frequency division duplex based massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems, which adapts training overhead and pilot design to reliably estimate and feed back the downlink channel state information (CSI) with significantly reduced overhead. Specifically, a nonorthogonal downlink pilot design is first proposed, which is very different from standard orthogonal pilots. By exploiting the spatially common sparsity of massive MIMO channels, a compressive sensing (CS) based adaptive CSI acquisition scheme is proposed, where the consumed time slot overhead only adaptively depends on the sparsity level of the channels. In addition, a distributed sparsity adaptive matching pursuit algorithm is proposed to jointly estimate the channels of multiple subcarriers. Furthermore, by exploiting the temporal channel correlation, a closed-loop channel tracking scheme is provided, which adaptively designs the nonorthogonal pilot according to the previous channel estimation to achieve an enhanced CSI acquisition. Finally, we generalize the results of the multiple-measurement-vectors case in CS and derive the Cramér-Rao lower bound of the proposed scheme, which enlightens us to design the nonorthogonal pilot signals for the improved performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms its counterparts, and it is capable of approaching the performance bound.
[125I]iodopindolol: a new beta adrenergic receptor probe. (1981)

When utilizing iodohydroxybenzylpindolol (IHYP) as an adrenergic receptor probe in muscle membrane systems, the data demonstrated an unacceptably high nonspecific binding component. Bearer et al. have reported that chloramine-T induced iodination of hydroxybenzylpindolol (HYP) results in the incorporation of iodine into the indole ring rather than into the phenolic moiety as noted previously by others. These results suggest that pindolol itself can also be iodinated. Therefore, the usefulness of carrier free 125I-labeled iodopindolol (IPIN) as an adrenergic receptor probe was investigated. Using between 0.01 nM and 0.1 nM [125I]IPIN in two different muscle membrane systems, we found the nonspecific binding component to be 10% or less of total binding. When [125I]IPIN was used with membranes prepared from rat skeletal muscle, we found it to interact with a single set of high affinity binding sites (KD = 0.13 +/- 0.01 nM) with the characteristics of beta adrenergic receptors and a density of 48.5 fmoles/mg protein. IPIN binding was also studied with purified dog cardiac sarcolemma. A single set of binding sites was detected having a KD of 1.64 +/- 0.5 nM; the density of these sites was 289 fmoles/mg membrane protein. [125I]IPIN may be a useful probe for the beta adrenergic receptor of tissues in which [125I]IHYP and other beta adrenergic receptor probes have a non-specific binding component which approaches that of the specific binding component.
Role of Magnetism in Catalysis: RuO<sub>2</sub> (110) Surface (2013)

Angular momentum seems to not be conserved in chemical reactions where one of the reactants is magnetic; consequently, such reactions show a high activation barrier. An example is the production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water: practically all losses occur in the production of (magnetic) oxygen. Anodes with a low overvoltage (a measure of the losses) are based on the ruthenium dioxide (110) surface. First-principles electronic structure calculations show that this surface itself carries magnetic moments. This magnetic surface enables the production of oxygen in the ground state while conserving angular momentum.
An efficient key management for large dynamic groups (2004)

Key management for large dynamic groups is a difficult problem because of scalability and security. The SKDC (simple key distribution center) method is very weak in scalability. The logical key hierarchy (LKH) algorithm proposed in 1997 has greatly improved scalability for key management in large dynamic groups. In 1998, the one-way-function tree (OFT) method appeared to obtain more efficiency than LKH. But the OFT method has security breaches in collusion attacks. We present a new method which is more efficient than OFT and resistant to collusion attacks.
Polycarbonates from the Polyhydroxy Natural Product Quinic Acid (2011)

Strategies for the preparation of polycarbonates, derived from natural polyhydroxy monomeric repeat units, were developed for biosourced polycarbonates based on quinic acid. The design and synthesis of regioselectively tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy (TBS)-protected 1,4- and 1,5-diol monomers of quinic acid were followed by optimization of their copolymerizations with phosgene, generated in situ from trichloromethyl chloroformate, to yield protected poly(1,4-quinic acid carbonate) and poly(1,5-quinic acid carbonate). The molecular weights reached ca. 7.6 kDa, corresponding to degrees of polymerization of ca. 24, with polydispersities ranging from 2.0 to 3.5, as measured by SEC using tetrahydrofuran as the eluent and with polystyrene calibration standards. Partially because of the presence of the bicyclic backbone, each regioisomeric poly(quinic acid carbonate) exhibited relatively high glass-transition temperatures, 209 °C for poly(1,4-quinic acid carbonate) and 229 °C for poly(1,5-quinic acid carbonate). Removal of the TBS-protecting groups was studied under mild conditions to achieve control over potential competing reactions involving polymer degradation, which could include cleavage of lactones within the repeat units, carbonate linkages, or both between the repeat units. Full deprotection was not achieved without some degree of polymer degradation. The regiochemistry of the monomer showed significant impact on the reactivity during deprotection and also on the thermal properties, with the 1,5-regioisomeric polymer having lower reactivity and giving higher T(g) values, in comparison with the 1,4-regioisomer. Each regioisomer underwent a 10-20 °C increase in T(g) upon partial removal of the TBS-protecting groups. As the extent of deprotection increased, the solubility decreased. Ultimately, at long deprotection reaction times, the solubility increased and the T(g) decreased because of significant degradation of the polymers.
The effects of allelic variation at the <i>Mla</i> resistance locus in barley on the early development of <i>Erysiphe graminis</i> f.sp. <i>hordei</i> and host responses (1995)

The development of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei isolate CC1 was followed on the susceptible barley variety Pallas, and the near‐isogenic resistant varieties, P‐01 ( Mla1 ), P‐02 ( Mla3 ), P‐03 ( Mla6 ) and P‐04B ( Mla7 ). The development of CC1 was examined in relation to the host’s cellular resistance responses, papilla formation and hypersensitive cell death, and to the transcription of five barley defence‐related genes. The infection type exhibited by each variety was positively correlated with the time of CC1 developmental arrest and with the timing of the hypersensitive response, indicating a positive role for hypersensitive cell death in Mla resistance. On P‐01 and P‐03, a rapid hypersensitive response in the epidermis was associated with a higher percentage of germlings arrested in their development at the haustorial stage. On P‐02 and P‐04B, a slower hypersensitive response was associated with haustoria, and more elongating secondary hyphae were formed. There was a later, and more extensive combined epidermal and mesophyll hypersensitive response associated with elongating secondary hyphae on these two varieties. A significant papilla response by P‐03 corresponded to a larger number of germlings being arrested at the secondary lobed stage on this variety. In general, defence gene transcript levels were lower in Pallas than in the four resistant varieties. Levels of defence gene transcripts were often greater in tissues where a larger number of cells were undergoing hypersensitive cell death, suggesting an association between defence gene expression and the hypersensitive response.
Hierarchical Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@TiO<sub>2</sub> Yolk–Shell Microspheres with Enhanced Microwave‐Absorption Properties (2013)

A facile and efficient strategy for the synthesis of hierarchical yolk-shell microspheres with magnetic Fe3O4 cores and dielectric TiO2 shells has been developed. Various Fe3O4@TiO2 yolk-shell microspheres with different core sizes, interstitial void volumes, and shell thicknesses have been successfully synthesized by controlling the synthetic parameters. Moreover, the microwave absorption properties of these yolk-shell microspheres, such as the complex permittivity and permeability, were investigated. The electromagnetic data demonstrate that the as-synthesized Fe3O4@TiO2 yolk-shell microspheres exhibit significantly enhanced microwave absorption properties compared with pure Fe3O4 and our previously reported Fe3O4@TiO2 core-shell microspheres, which may result from the unique yolk-shell structure with a large surface area and high porosity, as well as synergistic effects between the functional Fe3O4 cores and TiO2 shells.
Quantum boxes as active probes for photonic microstructures: The pillar microcavity case (1996)

A GaAs/AlAs planar cavity containing a collection of InAs quantum boxes in its core region has been grown in a single step by molecular beam epitaxy, and processed by electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching into pillar microresonators. The optical study by photoluminescence of these localized light emitters allows a systematic and precise determination of the energies of the first confined photon modes of such microstructures, in good agreement with theoretical estimates. More generally, such probes facilitate the experimental study of the modes of complex photonic microstructures and of the spontaneous emission alteration they entail on a quasimonochromatic light emitter.
Calculation of the vibrational spectrum of cubic LiZnAs (2005)

Cubic LiZnAs is typical of ${\mathrm{A}}^{\mathit{I}}{\mathrm{B}}^{\mathit{II}}{\mathrm{C}}^{\mathit{V}}$ ``filled tetrahedral'' semiconductors, whose properties closely resemble those of a III--V binary ``analog,'' e.g., GaAs. For LiZnAs we analyze the phonon dispersion relation and compare with that of GaAs, identify Born dynamical charges, characterize zone-center optic modes, and predict low and high-temperature Debye temperatures. High-frequency optic modes are $\mathrm{Li}\mathrm{As}$ dominated, due to the low Li mass. We briefly compare predictions with recent Raman data for LiZnP, another member of this compound class. Just as Zn in LiZnAs has been ``promoted'' to mimic a column III atom, yielding ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}{(\mathrm{Zn}\mathrm{As})}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, we suggest that hexagonal LiBC, should be regarded as ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}{(\mathrm{B}\mathrm{C})}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, resembling hexagonal BN (with C promoted to resemble N) weakly perturbed by the ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ potential. Deintercalation of Li from LiBC should consequently be very difficult, inhibiting its possible superconductivity.