gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear endomicroscopy using a double-clad fiber coupler (2010)

A double-clad fiber coupler is developed to be used in two-photon-excited fluorescence endomicroscopy to replace a dichroic mirror and separate the fluorescence signal from the excitation laser beam. With the double-clad fiber coupler, the endomicroscope becomes more compact, easier to be aligned, and more stable in alignment. The double-clad fiber coupler can transmit 62% of the excitation laser beam through the core. The fluorescence collection efficiency of the double-clad fiber coupler is 34%, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest fluorescence collection efficiency achieved by couplers used in two-photon-excited fluorescence endomicroscopes. As a result, the contrast of endomicroscopy imaging is enhanced.
Modified purine nucleosides as dangling ends of DNA duplexes: the effect of the nucleobase polarizability on stacking interactions (2002)

Base-modified nucleotide residues have been appended to the 5′-terminus of the self-complementary oligo-2′-deoxynucleotide duplex [5′-d(CGCGCG)]2 as dangling ends. Temperature-dependent UV measurements on the resulting oligomers indicate generally higher thermal stabilities (Tm) compared to that without an overhanging end. The duplex stabilization (ΔTm) was correlated with the molecular polarizability (αm) of the base of the pendant nucleoside showing that: the higher the molecular polarizability αm of a dangling nucleobase, the higher the thermal stability of the DNA duplex.
MicroRNA-152 targets DNA methyltransferase 1 in NiS-transformed cells via a feedback mechanism (2012)

Nickel (Ni) compounds are well-recognized human carcinogens, yet the molecular mechanisms by which they cause human cancer are still not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding RNAs, are involved in diverse biological functions and carcinogenesis. In previous study, we identified upregulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression in nickel sulfide (NiS)-transformed human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. Here, we investigated whether some miRNAs are aberrantly expressed and targets DNMT1 in NiS-transformed cells. Our results showed that the expression of miRNA-152 (miR-152) was specifically downregulated in NiS-transformed cells via promoter DNA hypermethylation, whereas ectopic expression of miR-152 in NiS-transformed cells resulted in a marked reduction of DNMT1 expression. Further experiments revealed that miR-152 directly downregulated DNMT1 expression by targeting the 3' untranslated regions of its transcript. Interestingly, treatment of DNMT inhibitor, 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, or depletion of DNMT1 led to increased miR-152 expression by reversion of promoter hypermethylation, DNMT1 and MeCP2 binding to miR-152 promoter in NiS-transformed cells. Moreover, inhibition of miR-152 expression in 16HBE cells could increase DNMT1 expression and result in an increase in DNA methylation, DNMT1 and MeCP2 binding to miR-152 promoter, indicating an interaction between miR-152 and DNMT1 is regulated by a double-negative circuit. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miR-152 in NiS-transformed cells led to a significant decrease of cell growth. Conversely, inhibition of miR-152 expression in 16HBE cells significantly increased cell growth. Taken together, these observations demonstrate a crucial functional crosstalk between miR-152 and the DNMT1 via a feedback loop involved in NiS-induced malignant transformation.
Retargeting Strategies for Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Viruses (2016)

Most of the oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) exhibit a high safety profile achieved through attenuation. They carry defects in virulence proteins that antagonize host cell response to the virus, including innate response, apoptosis, authophagy, and depend on tumor cell proliferation. They grow robustly in cancer cells, provided that these are deficient in host cell responses, which is often the case. To overcome the attenuation limits, a strategy is to render the virus highly cancer-specific, e.g., by retargeting their tropism to cancer-specific receptors, and detargeting from natural receptors. The target we selected is HER-2, overexpressed in breast, ovarian and other cancers. Entry of wt-HSV requires the essential glycoproteins gD, gH/gL and gB. Here, we reviewed that oncolytic HSV retargeting was achieved through modifications in gD: the addition of a single-chain antibody (scFv) to HER-2 coupled with appropriate deletions to remove part of the natural receptors' binding sites. Recently, we showed that also gH/gL can be a retargeting tool. The insertion of an scFv to HER-2 at the gH N-terminus, coupled with deletions in gD, led to a recombinant capable to use HER-2 as the sole receptor. The retargeted oncolytic HSVs can be administered systemically by means of carrier cells-forcedly-infected mesenchymal stem cells. Altogether, the retargeted oncolytic HSVs are highly cancer-specific and their replication is not dependent on intrinsic defects of the tumor cells. They might be further modified to express immunomodulatory molecules.
Effects of gallium doping on the properties of amorphous-SiC:H films prepared by magnetron cosputtering (1998)

Amorphous SiC:H films have been doped with gallium. The films were prepared by magnetron cosputtering of silicon and gallium in an atmosphere of Ar and CH4. The effects of gallium concentration (z) on the structural, optical, electrical, and optoelectronic properties of the films were investigated. Doping at even very low Ga concentrations below Z=10−3 results in a reduction of both the dark and the photoconductivity, which were found to be decreased by more than two orders of magnitude, and the activation energy of the dark conductivity is increased by about 30%. An increase of z up to 10−2 leads to further reduction of the photoconductivity without any significant change of its activation energy, while the dark conductivity slightly increases and the corresponding activation energy drops to about 50% of its value observed for z&lt;10−3. The optical band gap remains unchanged at such low Ga concentrations. These results indicate that the n-type conduction of the undoped film confirmed by a thermoelectric power experiment is compensated by the gallium doping; the type of conduction shifts from n to weak p with increasing z. At higher Ga concentrations z&gt;10−2, infrared absorption measurements indicate a strong reduction of the H concentration in the films, which was taken as evidence for a distortion of the amorphous network by excessively incorporated Ga atoms, which suppress the attachment of H to dangling Si bonds. In this fluence regime the optical band gap shrinks by about a factor of 2 and the photoconductivity becomes quenched, while the dark conductivity increases by about six orders of magnitude.
Novel Approach to Measuring the Droplet Detachment Force from Fibers (2016)

Determining the force required to detach a droplet from a fiber or from an assembly of fibers is of great importance to many applications. A novel technique is developed in this work to measure this force experimentally by using ferrofluid droplets in a magnetic field. Unlike previous methods reported in the literature, our technique does not require air flow or a mechanical object to detach the droplet from the fiber(s); therefore, it simplifies the experiment and also allows one to study the capillarity of the droplet-fiber system in a more isolated environment. In this article, we investigated the effects of the relative angle between intersecting fibers on the force required to detach a droplet from the fibers in the in-plane or out-of-plane direction. The in-plane and through-plane detachment forces were also predicted via numerical simulation and compared with the experimental results. Good agreement was observed between the numerical and experimental results. It was found that the relative angle between intersecting fibers has no significant effect on the detachment force in the out-of-plane direction. However, the detachment force in the in-plane direction depends strongly on the relative angle between the fibers, and it increases as this angle increases.
Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging applied to live cells (2004)

We have developed a wide-field time-resolved imaging system to image quantitatively both the fluorescence lifetime and the rotational correlation time of a fluorophore. Using a polarization-resolved imager, we simultaneously image orthogonal polarization components of the fluorescence emission onto a time-gated intensified CCD. We demonstrate imaging of solvent viscosity variations through the rotational correlation time of fluorescein in a multiwell plate and apply this technique to probe the microviscosity in live cells.
Apparatus for Microdetermination of Molecular Weights of Volatile Liquids (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApparatus for Microdetermination of Molecular Weights of Volatile LiquidsLeonard NashCite this: Anal. Chem. 1951, 23, 12, 1868–1870Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1951https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60060a043RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views22Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (429 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
QoE-aware dynamic bandwidth allocation optimization for mobile IPTV service over heterogeneous networks (2011)

An important problem for mobile IPTV service is to provide real-time user perceived QoE-guaranteed multimedia services over packet-based heterogeneous networks. We propose and analyze resource allocation algorithms based on reward optimization with bandwidth allocation of four different class levels in a constraints limited system resource. For QoE requesting and delivering in real-time, these bandwidth allocation and adaptation algorithms are developed based on two strategies: cost-based admission control in priority reservation regarding system (service provider) benefit and flow-based dynamic adaptation control regarding user satisfy in QoE. We design the system as a M/M/m/m and M/M/m/m/s queueing models and then apply a cost-based admission control algorithm with the terms `reward' and `loss' per each class respectively according to whether a service request is admitted or rejected. The system can obtain the best reward as a function of cost characteristics and user requests. For the multimedia traffic control with the amount of bandwidth, a flow-based dynamic adaptation algorithm is proposed in the second strategy. In order to allocate the amount of bandwidth optimally in an already defined bandwidth for each users' service request, a call admission control-based dynamic allocation for each service flow is useful to compensate the system for `loss'. Also, we measure video quality using Jerkiness and RMSE methods to prove performance of the proposed algorithms. Finally, the system which is applying our algorithms essentially achieves the best performance. The formulated bandwidth allocation and adaptation algorithms for real-time QoE-guaranteed multimedia service in this research are useful to get an advantage in cost benefit as an aspect of the system or service provider.
Origin of the green/blue luminescence from nanocrystalline silicon (1994)

It is shown that the green/blue luminescence which is found in oxidized nanocrystalline and ‘‘porous’’ silicon is associated with the presence of OH groups adsorbed on structural defects in the SiO2 network.
Two-photon microscopy with wavelength switchable fiber laser excitation (2006)

Two-photon scanning fluorescence microscopy has become a powerful tool for imaging living cells and tissues. Most applications of two-photon microscopy employ a Ti:sapphire laser excitation source, which is not readily portable or rapidly tunable. This work explores the use of two-photon fiber laser excitation (TP-FLEX) as an excitation source for scanning two-photon microscopy. We have further demonstrated the use of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for facile tuning of the excitation wavelength over the range from 810 nm to 1100 nm. We generated two-photon fluorescence images at excitation wavelengths from 850 nm to 1100 nm detected on a scanning-stage microscope. By PCF wavelength tuning the dye BODIPY fl was selectively excited at 1000 nm whereas MitoTracker red was excited preferentially at 1100 nm. We discuss the potential for fiber laser sources coupled with PCF wavelength tuning as an attractive tunable excitation source for two-photon scanning fluorescence microscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Heterocyclic Multicomponent Reaction for the Combinatorial Synthesis of Fused 3‐Aminoimidazoles. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Suggestions for control mechanism for reducing the number of priority changes in an adaptive loop (1980)

A modified Pierce loop network has been described in an earlier paper, incorporating adaptive flow control. This involves a full duplex loop with two types of time slots, one for handling data packets and the other for the transmission of control packets. Each node adjusts its slot usage priority according to its current queue size. A loop supervisor maintains a record of node priorities, and assigns appropriate priority to slots. Since each priority change creates a control message, the number of control packets can become unnecessarily large and eventually cause congestion. In the paper, we describe the use of a statistical mechanism for reducing the number of unnecessary priority changes but with little adverse effect on data-traffic performance. The effectiveness of such a mechanism is evaluated in terms of its ability to prevent overreaction to random queue fluctuation while reacting correctly when a priority change is warranted.
A Biophysical Investigation of Recombinant Hemoglobins with Aromatic B10 Mutations in the Distal Heme Pockets<sup>,</sup> (2005)

This study examines the structural and functional effects of amino acid substitutions in the distal side of both the alpha- and beta-chain heme pockets of human normal adult hemoglobin (Hb A). Using our Escherichia coli expression system, we have constructed four recombinant hemoglobins: rHb(alphaL29F), rHb(alphaL29W), rHb(betaL28F), and rHb(betaL28W). The alpha29 and beta28 residues are located in the B10 helix of the alpha- and beta-chains of Hb A, respectively. The B10 helix is significant because of its proximity to the ligand-binding site. Previous work showed the ability of the L29F mutation to inhibit oxidation. rHb(alphaL29W), rHb(betaL28F), and rHb(betaL28W) exhibit very low oxygen affinity and reduced cooperativity compared to those of Hb A, while the previously studied rHb(alphaL29F) exhibits high oxygen affinity. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicates that these mutations in the B10 helix do not significantly perturb the alpha(1)beta(1) and alpha(1)beta(2) subunit interfaces, while as expected, the tertiary structures near the heme pockets are affected. Experiments in which visible spectrophotometry was utilized reveal that rHb(alphaL29F) has equivalent or slower rates of autoxidation and azide-induced oxidation than does Hb A, while rHb(alphaL29W), rHb(betaL28F), and rHb(betaL28W) have increased rates. Bimolecular rate constants for NO-induced oxidation have been determined using a stopped-flow apparatus. These findings indicate that amino acid residues in the B10 helix of the alpha- and beta-chains can play different roles in regulating the functional properties and stability of the hemoglobin molecule. These results may provide new insights for designing a new generation of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers.
Tumor marker disaccharide D‐Gal‐<i>β</i>1,3‐GalNAc complexed to heat‐labile enterotoxin from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1996)

Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) is part of the cholera toxin (CT) family and consists of a catalytic A subunit and a B pentamer that serves to recognize the oligosaccharide part of the GM1 ganglioside receptor. We report here the crystal structure of heat-labile enterotoxin in complex with the disaccharide portion of the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T-antigen) tumor marker. The toxin:carbohydrate complex is determined to 2.13 A resolution, yielding an R-factor of 18.5%. The T-antigen disaccharide, D-Gal-beta 1,3-GalNAc-Ser/Thr, is present in more than 85% of human carcinomas and monitoring its autoimmune response is used for the early detection of tumors. Insight into the molecular recognition of this tumor antigen by sugar binding proteins can benefit the development of a diagnostic tool for human carcinomas as well as a T-antigen directed anticancer drug delivery system.
MAGNETICALLY-INDUCED SUPER RESOLUTION USING MAGNETO-STATIC COUPLING (1995)

A magneto-static coupled triple-layered medium was fabricated on a photopolymer-glass substrate by RF magnetron sputtering. The medium is composed of a reading layer, a non-magnetic intermediate layer, and a writing layer. The reading layer shows in-plane magnetization at room temperature and perpendicular magnetization at high temperature. Magnetically-Induced Super Resolution (MSR) was achieved by formation of a perpendicular magnetization mask in addition to an in-plane magnetization mask without applying a readout magnetic field. A carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of 44 dB was obtained for a mark length of 0.38 μm.
Quantum McEliece public-key cryptosystem (2012)

The McEliece cryptosystem is one of the best-known (classical) public-key cryptosystems, which is based on algebraic coding theory. In this paper, we present a quantum analogue of the classical McEliece cryptosystem. Our quantum McEliece public-key cryptosystem is based on the theory of stabilizer codes and has the key generation, encryption and decryption algorithms similar to those in the classical McEliece cryptosystem. We present an explicit construction of the quantum McEliece public-key cryptosystem using Calderbank-Shor-Steane codes based on generalized Reed-Solomon codes. We examine the security of our quantum McEliece cryptosystem and compare it with alternative systems.
The diagnostic effectiveness of the flexible bronchoscope in children (1985)

Over a 5-year period 1,000 pulmonary endoscopic procedures (172 laryngoscopies, 828 bronchoscopies) were performed in children less than 10 years of age using flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopes, with sedation and topical anesthesia. An endoscopic diagnosis of direct relevance to the primary indication for the procedure was established in 76% of the cases; in an additional 15%, abnormalities relevant to a secondary indication were found. Findings were normal in 9% of the cases. The bronchoscope was most useful in the evaluation of patients who had stridor, atelectasis, persistent wheezing, or a suspected foreign body for which there was insufficient evidence to warrant open-tube bronchoscopy, and for patients who had tracheostomies. The high diagnostic yield and low complication rate strongly support the use of the flexible bronchoscope in the diagnostic evaluation of infants and children who have a variety of pulmonary problems.
Tyrosine phosphorylation and cytoskeletal reorganization in platelets are triggered by interaction of integrin receptors with their immobilized ligands (1993)

Agonist-induced platelet activation causes fibrinogen binding to integrin alpha IIb beta 3 (glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa) and platelet aggregation. This is associated with the phosphorylation of specific platelet proteins on tyrosine residues. Since fibrinogen immobilized on a solid matrix can bind platelet GP IIb-IIIa without the need for exogenous agonists, we examined whether platelet adhesion to a fibrinogen matrix induces tyrosine phosphorylation. Platelets adhered to fibrinogen in a GP IIb-IIIa-dependent manner and assumed a spread morphology. This change in cell shape was associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple proteins, most prominently two unidentified proteins (101 and 105 kDa) and pp125FAK, a focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase. Pretreatment of platelets with prostaglandin I2 to increase cAMP, with cytochalasin D to inhibit actin polymerization, or with ADP scavengers to remove ADP did not affect initial adhesion, but inhibited both platelet spreading and tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125FAK and the 101- and 105-kDa proteins. This suggested that adhesion to fibrinogen caused cytoskeletal reorganization and the local release of ADP from platelet-dense granules, which potentiated the biochemical and morphological responses of the platelets to fibrinogen. Platelet adhesion to a collagen matrix also led to the induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of the 101- and 105-kDa proteins and pp125FAK. In this case, tyrosine phosphorylation was dependent on the interaction of collagen with integrin alpha 2 beta 1 (GP Ia-IIa), and it was independent of both GP IIb-IIIa and ADP. These results indicate that platelet adhesion to fibrinogen or collagen induces signal transduction that is initiated through integrins GP IIb-IIIa and alpha 2 beta 1, respectively. In both cases, tyrosine phosphorylation is accompanied by cytoskeletal reorganization and changes in cell shape. However, different regulatory components may be interposed between each of these integrins and the enzymes that control the level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation.
Regulation of the myeloperoxidase enhancer binding proteins Pu1, C-EBP alpha, -beta, and -delta during granulocyte-lineage specification. (1996)

We have compared the molecular architecture and function of the myeloperoxidase upstream enhancer in multipotential versus granulocyte-committed hematopoietic progenitor cells. We show that the enhancer is accessible in multipotential cell chromatin but functionally incompetent before granulocyte commitment. Multipotential cells contain both Pu1 and C-EBP alpha as enhancer-binding activities. Pu1 is unphosphorylated in both multipotential and granulocyte-committed cells but is phosphorylated in B lymphocytes, raising the possibility that differential phosphorylation may play a role in specifying its lymphoid versus myeloid functions. C-EBP alpha exists as multiple phosphorylated forms in the nucleus of both multipotential and granulocyte-committed cells. C-EBP beta is unphosphorylated and cytoplasmically localized in multipotential cells but exists as a phosphorylated nuclear enhancer-binding activity in granulocyte-committed cells. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-induced granulocytic differentiation of multipotential progenitor cells results in activation of C-EBP delta expression and functional recruitment of C-EBP delta and C-EBP beta to the nucleus. Our results implicate Pu1 and the C-EBP family as critical regulators of myeloperoxidase gene expression and are consistent with a model in which a temporal exchange of C-EBP isoforms at the myeloperoxidase enhancer mediates the transition from a primed state in multipotential cells to a transcriptionally active configuration in promyelocytes.