gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Matrix converter topologies with reduced number of switches (2003)

A direct AC-to-AC converter commonly termed a matrix converter has a simple structure and many attractive features. However, the complexity of its conventional PWM strategy is prone to commutation failure, which is a factor that keeps it from being utilized in industry. This paper focuses on several alternative dual-bridge matrix topologies which do not possess this problem. First, these converters have the same characteristics as a conventional matrix converter, such as four-quadrant operation, unity input power factor, no DC-link capacitor, and high quality voltage/current waveforms. Second, the number of switches can be reduced thus reducing the cost. Third, the switches on the line side can turn on and off at zero current, they do not have any difficult commutation problems. Lastly, the complexity of the clamp circuit in these topologies can be greatly simplified thereby further reducing the cost. This paper introduces several topologies with a reduced number of switches and analyzes the characteristics of this converter family. Simulation and experimental results of a 9-switch topology are provided to verify its feasibility.
Strain-Induced Back Channel Electron Mobility Enhancement in Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated by Continuous-Wave Laser Lateral Crystallization (2011)

Four-terminal (4T) polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs) having both front and back gates were fabricated to investigate the effect of the internal tensile strain induced by continuous-wave (CW) laser lateral crystallization (CLC) on the carrier mobility. The tensile strain values at the surfaces and back interfaces were estimated to be approximately 0.3% and over 0.4%, respectively. In both front and back channel operations, the successful operation of a variable threshold voltage ( V th ) scheme was confirmed. Front and back channel effective electron mobilities of 4T CLC poly-Si TFTs were evaluated under bias conditions so as not to form an inversion layer on the V th -control gate side. Because of the larger tensile strain at the back interface, the back channel effective electron mobility was 1.2 times larger than the front channel effective mobility.
Graph isomorphism and adiabatic quantum computing (2014)

In the graph isomorphism (GI) problem two $N$-vertex graphs $G$ and ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ are given and the task is to determine whether there exists a permutation of the vertices of $G$ that preserves adjacency and transforms $G\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{G}^{\ensuremath{'}}$. If yes, then $G$ and ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ are said to be isomorphic; otherwise they are nonisomorphic. The GI problem is an important problem in computer science and is thought to be of comparable difficulty to integer factorization. In this paper we present a quantum algorithm that solves arbitrary instances of GI and which also provides an approach to determining all automorphisms of a given graph. We show how the GI problem can be converted to a combinatorial optimization problem that can be solved using adiabatic quantum evolution. We numerically simulate the algorithm's quantum dynamics and show that it correctly (i) distinguishes nonisomorphic graphs; (ii) recognizes isomorphic graphs and determines the permutation(s) that connect them; and (iii) finds the automorphism group of a given graph $G$. We then discuss the GI quantum algorithm's experimental implementation, and close by showing how it can be leveraged to give a quantum algorithm that solves arbitrary instances of the NP-complete subgraph isomorphism problem. The computational complexity of an adiabatic quantum algorithm is largely determined by the minimum energy gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}(N)$ separating the ground and first-excited states in the limit of large problem size $N\ensuremath{\gg}1$. Calculating $\ensuremath{\Delta}(N)$ in this limit is a fundamental open problem in adiabatic quantum computing, and so it is not possible to determine the computational complexity of adiabatic quantum algorithms in general, nor consequently, of the specific adiabatic quantum algorithms presented here. Adiabatic quantum computing has been shown to be equivalent to the circuit model of quantum computing, and so development of adiabatic quantum algorithms continues to be of great interest.
Development of a real-time PCR assay with an internal amplification control for the screening of Shiga toxin-producing<i>Escherichia coli</i>in foods (2009)

International audience
Overexpression of the calpain-specific inhibitor calpastatin reduces human alpha-Synuclein processing, aggregation and synaptic impairment in [A30P]αSyn transgenic mice (2014)

Lewy bodies, a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), contain aggregated alpha-synuclein (αSyn), which is found in several modified forms and can be discovered phosphorylated, ubiquitinated and truncated. Aggregation-prone truncated species of αSyn caused by aberrant cleavage of this fibrillogenic protein are hypothesized to participate in its sequestration into inclusions subsequently leading to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. Here, we investigated the role of calpain cleavage of αSyn in vivo by generating two opposing mouse models. We crossed into human [A30P]αSyn transgenic (i) mice deficient for calpastatin, a calpain-specific inhibitor, thus enhancing calpain activity (SynCAST(-)) and (ii) mice overexpressing human calpastatin leading to reduced calpain activity (SynCAST(+)). As anticipated, a reduced calpain activity led to a decreased number of αSyn-positive aggregates, whereas loss of calpastatin led to increased truncation of αSyn in SynCAST(-). Furthermore, overexpression of calpastatin decreased astrogliosis and the calpain-dependent degradation of synaptic proteins, potentially ameliorating the observed neuropathology in [A30P]αSyn and SynCAST(+) mice. Overall, our data further support a crucial role of calpains, particularly of calpain 1, in the pathogenesis of PD and in disease-associated aggregation of αSyn, indicating a therapeutic potential of calpain inhibition in PD.
Elimination of Combustion Difficulties in a Glow Plug-Assisted Diesel Engine Operated with Pure Ethanol and Water-Ethanol Mixtures (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Forced ignition with glow plugs has great potential for the utilization of alcohol fuels in diesel engines. However, the installation of glow plugs may cause misfiring or knocking in parts of the operating range. This paper presents an analysis of the factors influencing the ignition characteristics of ethanol in a glow plug-assisted diesel engine; these factors may be classified into two categories: the factors related to the temperature history of the drop lets before contact with the glow plug, and those related to the probability of contact. By optimizing these factors, the combustion difficulties were successfully eliminated over the whole operating range, and engine performance comparable with conventional diesel operation was achieved.</div>
Intraoral body-piercing: a case report. (1996)

Body-piercing is growing in popularity. Intraoral sites are being selected more frequently for piercing. A case of a lingual barbell is described.
Degradation in tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3)-based organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) (2001)

Poor device stability has been a major concern for organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). The relatively short operational lifetime of the OLEDs is predominantly attributed to an intrinsic degradation behavior, which leads to a decrease in the electroluminescence quantum efficiency of the devices in time. Recently, we found that the injection of holes in tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (AlQ<SUB>3</SUB>), the most widely used organic electroluminescent material, is the main factor responsible for the intrinsic degradation behavior in OLEDs. The photoluminescence quantum efficiency of AlQ<SUB>3</SUB> has been found to decrease as a result of predominantly hole current flow. Further studies using time-resolved fluorescence measurements reveal that degradation is also associated with a decrease in the lifetime of the AlQ<SUB>3</SUB> excited states, thus revealing the nature of the degradation products as luminescence quenchers. Various phenomena pertaining to device degradation will be discussed.
Amelioration of Disordered Hepatic Protein Synthesis by the Deleted Form of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Models of Liver Failure in Rats (1996)

Because the liver plays an important role in protein synthesis and cholesterol metabolism and reductions in these functions are observed in almost all hepatic disorders, the effects of the deleted form of hepatocyte growth factor (dHGF) on disordered hepatic protein synthesis were studied in various liver-injured rat models using Wistar male rats. In the 70% hepatectomized rats, plasma clotting time was prolonged and the serum level of total protein and the liver protein content were decreased. The treatment of the animals with dHGF (100-500 micrograms kg-1, i.v., twice daily) ameliorated these parameters at 48 or 72 h. The administration of carbon tetrachloride or D-galactosamine to hepatectomized rats induced a marked prolongation of plasma clotting time and hypoproteinaemia. In the animals treated with dHGF (500 micrograms kg-1, i.v., twice daily) these parameters were rapidly reversed compared with those of control groups. In a hepatocellular necrosis model induced by dimethylnitrosamine, the plasma clotting time was extremely prolonged, and liver protein content, serum total protein, albumin, HDL-cholesterol (as an index of lipoprotein) and plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity severely reduced. In this severely injured model, dHGF (5-500 micrograms kg-1, i.v., twice daily for 28 days) dose-dependently prevented the loss of liver protein content and improved the disordered plasma coagulability and serum protein levels. These results suggest that dHGF is useful for ameliorating the disorders in hepatic functions such as protein synthesis.
A Novel Detecting and Controlling Strategy of the Discharge Status in High Speed Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (2009)

There are three discharging statuses-open, discharge and short-in high speed wire electrical discharge machining (HS-WEDM). This paper proposes a novel detecting and controlling strategy of the discharge statuses in HS-WEDM. Floating threshold of voltage which changes with the mode of gap current is proposed in this paper; three basic discharge statuses are detected and controlled by this method. Thus the fine precision and the sensitive of detection will be achieved. Normally, most of the used detecting methods are about fixed voltage threshold detecting technology, these methods can not be used on the range of the current is large and the non-rectangle discharge current waveform. In this paper, the floating threshold of voltage with the mode of gap current following is used to detect the discharge statuses, and the problem about the gap voltage waved with the gap current can be settled effectively. The random gap current wave also can be detected by this method.
A comparison of different methods of extraction of the M-protein from Streptococcus equi. (1991)

The molecular weights of the proteins produced in different extracts of Streptococcus equi were compared on immunoblots with antisera against acid extracted and mutanolysin extracted M-protein. Acid and alkaline extracts of S. equi contained some peptides of similar molecular weight that reacted with antiserum against an acid extracted 41,000 m.w. fragment suggesting that these fragments contained common epitopes. Comparison of the amino acid compositions of the 35,000 m.w. fragment of the alkaline extract and the 41,000 m.w. fragment of the acid extract suggest that these immunologically reactive fragments were probably derived from the same protein. Little cross-reactivity was observed between antisera against S. equi acid extracted protein and the native 58,000 m.w. M-protein. This suggests that conformational epitopes on the native M molecule are not present after acid treatment.
Radiation dosimetry in human bone using electron paramagnetic resonance (1995)

Accurate measurements of dose in bone are required in order to improve the dosimetry of systemic radiotherapy for osseous metastases. Bone is an integrating dosimeter which records the radiation history of the skeleton. During irradiation, electrons become trapped in the crystalline component of bone mineral (hydroxyapatite). The traps are very stable; at room temperature, emptying of the traps occurs with a half-life of many years. The population of trapped unpaired electrons is proportional to the radiation dose administered to the bone and can be measured in excised bone samples using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). EPR spectra of synthetic hydroxyapatite, irradiated with Co-60, were obtained at room temperature and at 77 K. At room temperature, the radiation-induced signal, with a g-value of 2.001 +/- 0.001, increased linearly with absorbed dose above a lower threshold of 3 Gy, up to doses of 200 Gy. In contrast with pure hydroxyapatite, EPR spectra of excised human bone showed a broad "native' signal, due to the organic component of bone, which masks the dosimetrically important signal. This native signal is highly variable from sample to sample and precludes the use of EPR as an absolute dosimetry technique. However, after subtraction of the background signal, irradiated human bone showed a linear response with a lower limit of measurement similar to that of synthetic hydroxyapatite. Bone is an in vivo linear dosimeter which can be exploited to develop accurate estimates of the radiation dose delivered during systemic radiotherapy and teletherapy. However, improved sensitivity of the EPR dosimetry technique is necessary before it can be applied reliably in clinical situations.
Ozonation of methyl oleate in hexane, in a thin film, in SDS micelles, and in distearoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes: yields and properties of the Criegee ozonide (1992)

We here explore the use of Criegee ozonides as markers of ozone damage to lipids in systems that model pulmonary surfactant, lung lining fluids, and/or pulmonary membranes. Ozonation of methyl oleate in hexane gives an 89% yield of the Criegee ozonide. The presence of water should reduce the yield of this ozonide, and as expected, small but significant yields of Criegee ozonides are formed when the ozonation of methyl oleate is carried out as a film over phosphate buffer, in aqueous micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), or in distearoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) liposomes spiked with methyl oleate. Analysis utilizes reversed-phase HPLC and 1H NMR. The total yield of ozonides in 0.02 M SDS micelles exposed to 26 ppm ozone for 3 h at pH 7.4 and 22 degrees C is 11%; 7.5% is the normal ozonide, methyl 5-octyl-1,2,4-trioxolane-3-octanoate (MOO2) (ca. 4.2% trans and ca. 3.3% cis), and 3.5% is accounted for by the two cross ozonides, 3,5-dioctyl-1,2,4-trioxolane (MOO1) and dimethyl 1,2,4-trioxolane-3,5-dioctanoate (MOO3). No significant difference of ozonide yields is observed for ozonations with 26 ppm and 1.2% (12,000 ppm) ozone. The conversion of methyl oleate increaes with increasing SDS concentration. Approximately comparable yields of ozonides also are found in the ozonation of methyl oleate in DSPC liposomes although yields are not quantified. The ozonides slowly hydrolyze at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C with half-lives for trans-MOO2 and cis-MOO2 in 0.10 M SDS micelles of 23 and 6 days, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Colorimetric and Resistive Polymer Electrolyte Thin Films for Real-time Humidity Sensors (2012)

We have developed fast responsive, colorimetric and resistive-type polymeric humidity sensors from a series of self-assembled poly(styrenesulfonate-methylbutylene) (PSS-b-PMB) block copolymers with tailored hygroscopic properties. In dry state, the PSS-b-PMB films exhibit hexagonal cylindrical morphology where hydrophobic PMB cylinders are dispersed within a PSS matrix. Under levels of humidity, the PSS-b-PMB thin films self-displayed discernible reflective color changes, covering almost entire visible light regions from violet (RH = 20%) to red (RH = 95%). The sensors also revealed a few orders of magnitude changes in impedance with exposure to humid air by taking advantages of strong polymer electrolytes characteristics. Remarkably, the time to complete the changes in the signals was only a few seconds, as rationalized by good connectivity of the PSS domains and short water diffusion pathways in nanometer scales. Repeated hydration/dehydration tests demonstrated reliable sensor properties, which is in sharp contrast to the poor stability of PSS homopolymer sensors lacking organization.
Trace and Label-Free MicroRNA Detection Using Oligonucleotide Encapsulated Silver Nanoclusters as Probes (2012)

A simple, sensitive, and label-free method for microRNA (miRNA) biosensing was described using oligonucleotide encapsulated silver nanoclusters (Ag-NCs) as effective electrochemical probes. The functional oligonucleotide probe integrates both recognition sequence for hybridization and template sequence for in situ synthesis of Ag-NCs, which appears to possess exceptional metal mimic enzyme properties for catalyzing H(2)O(2) reduction. The miRNA assay employs gold electrodes to immobilize the molecular beacon (MB) probe. After the MB probe subsequently hybridizes with the target and functional probe, the oligonucleotide encapsulated Ag-NCs are brought to the electrode surface and produce a detection signal, in response to H(2)O(2) reduction. An electrochemical miRNA biosensor down to 67 fM with a linear range of 5 orders of magnitude was obtained. Meanwhile, the MB probe allows the biosensor to detect the target with high selectivity. The Ag-NCs-based approach provides a novel avenue to detect miRNA with high sensitivity and selectivity while avoiding laborious label and signal amplification. It is convinced that rational introduction of signal amplification strategy to the Ag-NCs-based bioanalysis can further improve the sensitivity. To our best knowledge, this is the first application of the electrocatalytic activity of Ag-NCs in bioanalysis, which would be attractive for genetic analysis and clinic biomedical application.
Silicon carbide powder and sintered materials (2011)

Silicon carbide (SiC) was first industrially synthesized in 1894 and has been used as refractories, abrasives and high temperature furnace parts. The basic fabrication and sintering technologies were almost established by about 1970. Recently, sintered SiC has become a key material as it has been widely used in advanced industries of semiconductors and high precision machines. New fabrication methods for modern SiC powders and sintering methods are being developed on the bases of traditional methods. In this review, the original studies and recent developments have been given maximum possible emphasis, and in particular, basic points of view are introduced.
Demonstration of Entanglement of Electrostatically Coupled Singlet-Triplet Qubits (2012)

Quantum computers have the potential to solve certain problems faster than classical computers. To exploit their power, it is necessary to perform interqubit operations and generate entangled states. Spin qubits are a promising candidate for implementing a quantum processor because of their potential for scalability and miniaturization. However, their weak interactions with the environment, which lead to their long coherence times, make interqubit operations challenging. We performed a controlled two-qubit operation between singlet-triplet qubits using a dynamically decoupled sequence that maintains the two-qubit coupling while decoupling each qubit from its fluctuating environment. Using state tomography, we measured the full density matrix of the system and determined the concurrence and the fidelity of the generated state, providing proof of entanglement.
Extended gloss overlaps as a measure of semantic relatedness (2003)

This paper presents a new measure of semantic relatedness between concepts that is based on the number of shared words (overlaps) in their definitions (glosses). This measure is unique in that it extends the glosses of the concepts under consideration to include the glosses of other concepts to which they are related according to a given concept hierarchy. We show that this new measure reasonably correlates to human judgments. We introduce a new method of word sense disambiguation based on extended gloss overlaps, and demonstrate that it fares well on the SENSEVAL-2 lexical sample data. 1
Using unconventional materials for electromagnetic shielding (2013)

An exploratory frequency domain shielding performance analysis was performed from 1 kHz to 20 GHz to determine what kind of electromagnetic enclosure shielding performance would be expected if non-conventional materials or techniques were used rather than conventional metal construction. In order to cover the wide frequency range, three coupling mechanisms were used (wall transfer impedance, aperture polarizability and aperture excitation of an electrically large cavity). Four enclosures (two sizes, two materials-one aluminum, one plastic with nickel on copper plating) were used to represent typical equipment enclosures. Below 100 MHz, shielding performance was determined by the wall material. Above about 100 MHz, the kind of apertures found in practical enclosures were more important than the wall material.
VUV Ellipsometry on Beryllium Chalcogenides (1999)

We have determined the dielectric function (DF) of beryllium chalcogenides between 2.5 and 25 eV using an ellipsometer operating with synchrotron radiation in the VUV range. The VUV ellipsometer is, in particular, useful for the characterization of wide band gap semiconductors since the spectral range of spectrometers equipped with conventional light sources is limited to below 6 eV. Beryllium chalcogenides are a relatively new class of material with still unknown optical and electronic properties. Here we determine the dielectric function of BeTe and BexZn1—xSe for the full composition range (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). We verify that they are wide band gap semiconductors with their direct band gaps at 4.2 eV (BeTe) and 5.55 eV (BeSe).
REVIEWS L'Abuzé en court. Édition critique par DUBUISROGER. (Textes Littéeraires Français, 199). Geneva: Droz. 1973. lviii + 169 pp. 20 Sw.F. (1978)

REVIEWS Get access L'Abuzé en court. Édition critique ROGER par DUBUIS. (Textes Littéeraires Français, 199). Geneva: Droz. 1973. lviii + 169 pp. 20 Sw.F. H. GASTON HALL H. GASTON HALL WARWICK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XXXII, Issue 4, October 1978, Pages 444–445, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XXXII.4.444 Published: 01 October 1978
The effect of electric field polarization on indoor propagation (2002)

We have carried out a study on the effects of electric field polarization on the received power in indoor locations predicted using a 3-D ray tracing tool. We assess the importance of including depolarization losses when considering propagation between vertically polarized antennas. These losses are incurred as the vertically polarized electric field is coupled into the horizontally polarized field as a result of scattering and reflection from walls. Also examined was the predicted strength of cross-polarization when the field is launched by a vertically polarized antenna and received by a horizontally polarized antenna. Finally we have looked at how do the predicted propagation losses compare for the case of using horizontally polarized antennas at both the receiver and the transmitter as opposed to using vertically polarized antennas at both ends. The results compare favorably to measurements reported in the literature.