gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT IN OVERWINTERING PEAR PSYLLA, <i>CACOPSYLLA PYRICOLA</i> (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE): SEASONALITY AND EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD (1998)

Abstract Effects of photoperiod, time of year, temperature, and an insect growth regulator (fenoxycarb) on ovarian development rate in overwintering pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), were determined. Winterform pear psylla were collected from the field at intervals between October and February, and reared at 20 °C and one of three treatments: short-day photoperiod, long-day photoperiod, or short-day photoperiod + fenoxycarb. Insects were then dissected at intervals to score ovarian development. Baseline scores (i.e., ovarian development in the field on date of collection) increased very slowly between October and February. By mid-February, only about 20% of insects in the field were categorized as having postdiapause status based upon ovarian development. In the laboratory, time required for insects to reach postdiapause status decreased between the October and February collection dates. Number of days necessary for 50% of the long-day insects to reach postdiapause status was approximately 2 weeks in October, 6 days in December, and < 2 days in February. Short-day insects also required fewer than 2 days in February, but required > 2 weeks in the October and December samples. Our results suggested that insects collected in January and February had completed diapause but that ovarian development was subsequently prevented in the field by low temperatures. Fenoxycarb caused rapid ovarian development even in October-collected insects; rate of development was only slightly more rapid in the February-treated psylla.
Sequencing and automated whole-genome optical mapping of the genome of a domestic goat (Capra hircus) (2012)

We report the ∼2.66-Gb genome sequence of a female Yunnan black goat. The sequence was obtained by combining short-read sequencing data and optical mapping data from a high-throughput whole-genome mapping instrument. The whole-genome mapping data facilitated the assembly of super-scaffolds >5× longer by the N50 metric than scaffolds augmented by fosmid end sequencing (scaffold N50 = 3.06 Mb, super-scaffold N50 = 16.3 Mb). Super-scaffolds are anchored on chromosomes based on conserved synteny with cattle, and the assembly is well supported by two radiation hybrid maps of chromosome 1. We annotate 22,175 protein-coding genes, most of which were recovered in the RNA-seq data of ten tissues. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the primary and secondary follicles of a cashmere goat reveal 51 genes that are differentially expressed between the two types of hair follicles. This study, whose results will facilitate goat genomics, shows that whole-genome mapping technology can be used for the de novo assembly of large genomes.
A New Approach for Fault Confinement in CAN-Network (2007)

Now-a-days automated and interconnected process as in distributed control system requires a very reliable communication. The serial communication protocol called CAN (controller area network) is taken into account and is made more reliable by introducing additional fault confinement mechanisms. Since actual CAN protocol is bus topology based in which multiple components (direct electrical connection between the nodes) are present, its use in safety critical application is not recommended. So active star topology based CAN protocol is proposed, which needs the design of respective hub that could enforce confinement of faulty nodes thus avoiding any severe failure of communication. In future the hub with its fault tolerant mechanism is to be implemented in FPGA and further can be realized as an ASIC
Clinical Application and Limitations of Interferon-  Release Assays for the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (2011)

Interferon-release assays (IGRAs) represent advances in tuberculosis immunology and evolutionary biology. IGRAs were designed to replace tuberculin skin test (TST) for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection because of their logistical advantages and enhanced specificity over TST. Although IGRAs and TST have been useful in epidemiologic studies, they lack the sensitivity and reproducibility normally expected from diagnostic tests in clinical practice. In this review, we present an overview of the current recommendations and knowledge in the field and discuss practical approaches in areas of uncertainty related to discordant IGRA results.
An Examination of the Components that Increase Acceptance of Smartphones among Healthcare Professionals (2010)

The electronic Journal of Health Informatics is an international journal committed to scholarly excellence and dedicated to the advancement of Health
Electrical Evaluation of Wet and Dry Cleaning Procedures for Silicon Device Fabrication (1989)

Three different cleaning procedures of silicon wafers are investigated: (i) standard wet clean, (ii) combination of UV/oxygen and wet cleans, and (iii) entirely dry clean consisting of UV/oxygen, and thermally enhanced remote microwave plasma treatments. Their performance is experimentally compared when they are used after resist stripping, and before gate oxidation in MOS device fabrication. The electrical characteristics of subsequently formed MOS test structures show no substantial difference in the performance of devices processed using cleans (i) and (ii). The inferior distribution of the oxide breakdown events in the case of clean (iii) is attributed to the surface roughness developed using this cleaning mode.
Training DNNs with Hybrid Block Floating Point (2018)

The wide adoption of DNNs has given birth to unrelenting computing requirements, forcing datacenter operators to adopt domain-specific accelerators to train them. These accelerators typically employ densely packed full precision floating-point arithmetic to maximize performance per area. Ongoing research efforts seek to further increase that performance density by replacing floating-point with fixed-point arithmetic. However, a significant roadblock for these attempts has been fixed point's narrow dynamic range, which is insufficient for DNN training convergence. We identify block floating point (BFP) as a promising alternative representation since it exhibits wide dynamic range and enables the majority of DNN operations to be performed with fixed-point logic. Unfortunately, BFP alone introduces several limitations that preclude its direct applicability. In this work, we introduce HBFP, a hybrid BFP-FP approach, which performs all dot products in BFP and other operations in floating point. HBFP delivers the best of both worlds: the high accuracy of floating point at the superior hardware density of fixed point. For a wide variety of models, we show that HBFP matches floating point's accuracy while enabling hardware implementations that deliver up to 8.5x higher throughput.
Optimisation of Field Device Life-Cycle in Process Automation by a flexible Component-based Function Management (2006)

Flexible production tasks in modern process plants, changes of production strategies, the ongoing development of field devices, changing applications of the process control and operation management level highly require an optimally adaptive field device functionality. A flexible device functionality is especially motivated by its extension with innovative device and process diagnostics, considering deployment specifics of the technical place. In terms of automation of automation, the providing of explorable field device functionality is one precondition to realise automated, distributed applications in process control engineering. The paper describes a concept of a component based function management of field devices, realising a dual field device functionality: the precise fulfilment of its conventional task and the provision of a window to the process enabling flexible functional device extensions. A flexible component based function management leads to a reduction of engineering investments on field device manufacturer and plant operator side.
Design of Aplanatic Singlet for Pickup (2005)

Synthesis of aplanatic singlet for optical pickups is described. Numerical solution of proposed differentiation equations allows to receive required surfaces at once providing attainment of axial stigmatism and sine condition for required numerical aperture.
Synthesis and Biopharmaceutical Studies of JLTN as Potential Dasatinib Prodrug (2013)

Dasatinib was identified as a potent orally administered Src/Abl kinase inhibitor with excellent antiproliferative activity against Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase. The low bioavailability of Dasatinib may be due to both incomplete oral absorption and first-pass metabolism. A prodrug, JLTN, was synthesized to minimize the first-pass effect of Dasatinib and improve the oral bioavailability following oral administration via targeting intestinal peptide transporter and enhancing chemical stability. Biological evaluation data indicated that there was a 150%-fold increase in oral bioavailability of this prodrug compared to the parent drug Dasatinib in monkeys.
Complement and systemic lupus erythematosus (2005)

New findings have helped to reinforce the role of complement in the etiology and tissue damage of systemic lupus erythematosus. These findings point to more precise, mechanism-based therapies for autoimmune and inflammatory disease.
<i>In vivo</i>urea cycle flux distinguishes and correlates with phenotypic severity in disorders of the urea cycle (2000)

Urea cycle disorders are a group of inborn errors of hepatic metabolism that result in often life-threatening hyperammonemia and hyperglutaminemia. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of partial deficiencies during asymptomatic periods is difficult, and correlation of phenotypic severity with either genotype and/or in vitro enzyme activity is often imprecise. We hypothesized that stable isotopically determined in vivo rates of total body urea synthesis and urea cycle-specific nitrogen flux would correlate with both phenotypic severity and carrier status in patients with a variety of different enzymatic deficiencies of the urea cycle. We studied control subjects, patients, and their relatives with different enzymatic deficiencies affecting the urea cycle while consuming a low protein diet. On a separate occasion the subjects either received a higher protein intake or were treated with an alternative route medication sodium phenylacetate/benzoate (Ucephan), or oral arginine supplementation. Total urea synthesis from all nitrogen sources was determined from [(18)O]urea labeling, and the utilization of peripheral nitrogen was estimated from the relative isotopic enrichments of [(15)N]urea and [(15)N]glutamine during i.v. co-infusions of [5-(amide)(15)N]glutamine and [(18)O]urea. The ratio of the isotopic enrichments of (15)N-urea/(15)N-glutamine distinguished normal control subjects (ratio = 0.42 +/- 0.06) from urea cycle patients with late (0.17 +/- 0.03) and neonatal (0.003 +/- 0.007) presentations irrespective of enzymatic deficiency. This index of urea cycle activity also distinguished asymptomatic heterozygous carriers of argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency (0. 22 +/- 0.03), argininosuccinate lyase deficiency (0.35 +/- 0.11), and partial ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (0.26 +/- 0.06) from normal controls. Administration of Ucephan lowered, and arginine increased, urea synthesis to the degree predicted from their respective rates of metabolism. The (15)N-urea/(15)N-glutamine ratio is a sensitive index of in vivo urea cycle activity and correlates with clinical severity. Urea synthesis is altered by alternative route medications and arginine supplementation to the degree that is to be expected from theory. This stable isotope protocol provides a sensitive tool for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic modalities and acts as an aid to the diagnosis and management of urea cycle patients.
Acylgruppenwanderung, V. Kinetische Daten der Acylgruppenwanderung von 2‐Benzoyl‐3‐indenyl‐acetat und 3‐Benzoyl‐2‐indenyl‐acetat (1975)

Abstract Die durch Esterkondensation aus 1‐Indanon erhaltenen 2‐Acyl‐1‐indanone 6 und 8 werden mit Acetylchlorid in die zugehörigen Enolester 7 und 9 übergeführt. Die Z ‐Isomeren, ( Z )‐2‐(1‐Acetoxyäthyliden)‐1‐indanon ( 7B ) und ( Z )‐2‐(1‐Acetoxybenzyliden)‐1‐indanon ( 9aB ) sowie 9bB und 9cB liegen in Lösung durch schnelle Acetylgruppenwanderung im Gleich‐gewicht mit den 2‐Acyl‐3‐indenyl‐acetaten 7C und 9C vor: 7B ⇄ 7C bzw. 9B ⇄ 9C . Die Isomerisierung der semicyclischen CC‐Doppelbindung 7B ⇄ 7A bzw. 9B ⇄ 9A wird photochemisch erreicht. Durch eine NMR‐Linienformanalyse wurden die kinetischen Daten der Acetylgruppenwanderung am Beispiel der beiden isomeren Enolester 2‐Benzoyl‐3‐indenylacetat ( 9a C ) und 3‐Benzoyl‐2‐indenyl‐acetat ( 10 C ) ermittelt.
Effects of Hormonal Perturbations on the Small Dermatan Sulfate Proteoglycan and Mechanical Properties of the Uterine Cervix of Late Pregnant Rats (1991)

Rats at 16-18 days of pregnancy were treated with various hormones in attempts to accelerate cervical softening and dilatation. Mechanical properties and biochemical components of the extracellular matrix were quantified at day 19. PGF2 alpha treatment significantly increased cervical wet weight, inner circumference, total amount and concentration of small dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, and the ratio of small proteoglycan to collagen; it decreased the concentration of collagen. Fluprostenol increased the extensibility and the rate of creep and decreased the collagen concentration. The progesterone antagonist ZK 98.734 (11 beta-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-(3-hydroxy-prop-(Z)- enyl)-4,9,(10)-estradiene-3-one) increased the inner circumference and the ratio of small proteoglycan to collagen; it decreased the collagen concentration. Treatment with 17 beta-estradiol increased the amount of medium-sized proteoglycans and decreased the concentration of the small proteoglycan. The results support the hypothesis advanced in our earlier study that the inner circumference of the cervix, a measure of dilatation, is dependent upon the ratio of small dermatan sulfate proteoglycan-II (decorin) to collagen. These studies also suggest that changes in the inner circumference and the extensibility of the cervix involve two distinct processes of connective tissue alteration.
Resilient cloud data storage services (2013)

With the advance of cloud computing technologies, there is a huge demand for computing resources and storage. Many organizations prefer to outsource their storage and other resources. As the data reside on the third parties data centers, security is becoming a major concern. In this paper we propose a Resilient Cloud Storage (RCS) architecture that addresses the major security issues for cloud storage such as access control confidentiality, integrity, and secure communications. Our resilient approach is based on moving target defense and key hopping techniques. Data is partitioned into a random number of partitions where different keys are used to encrypt each partition. We also show that by using key hopping technique, we can reduce smaller key length that is normally used to improve performance without compromising the security. Our experimental results show that we can improve performance by 50% when we use a key of length 512 when compared with certificate technique that uses key length of 2048.
In vitro activity of Bay 12-8039, a new 8-methoxyquinolone (1997)

MICs of Bay 12-8039 and comparative antimicrobials were determined for 820 recent clinical isolates. Ciprofloxacin was approximately 2-fold more active than Bay 12-8039 and ofloxacin against Enterobacteriaceae and approximately 8-fold more active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bay 12-8039 was approximately 2- to 16-fold more active than ciproiloxacin and ofloxacin against nonfermenters (except P. aeruginosa), staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, and anaerobes. As determined by regression analysis, there was a high degree of correlation among quinolone MICs.
SDF-1 Responsiveness Does Not Correlate With CXCR4 Expression Levels of Developing Human Bone Marrow B Cells (1999)

Chemokines and their receptors are broadly expressed in different tissues and are involved in diverse biologic processes. Gene inactivation studies have shown that both stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) are essential for B lymphopoiesis. However, it is not yet clear by which mechanisms B lymphopoiesis is affected. In the present study, we have examined CXCR4 expression and function on primary B cells representing sequential stages of development (eg, pro-B, pre-B, immature, and mature B cells) in fetal and adult bone marrow. The expression of CXCR4 was observed to be sinusoidal. Expression was highest on pre-B cells, decreased as cells developed into immature B cells, and then increased again upon transition to the mature B-cell stage. The corresponding ligand SDF-1 was shown to trigger vigorous cell signaling and migration responses, which are restricted to early lineage B cells. The responsiveness to SDF-1 was markedly decreased for immature and mature B cells despite relatively high levels of CXCR4 expression. Thus, the diminished responsiveness to SDF-1 by more mature B cells was determined to be disproportionate to the level of CXCR4 expression. These findings raise the possibility that CXCR4 function is differentially controlled during B lymphopoiesis and may be relevant to the compartmentalization of B-cell precursors in the bone marrow.
Vector quantized binary features for visual pose measurement (2002)

Visual pose measurement computes the translation and orientation of an object based on an image. The problem is made difficult by background clutter, partial occlusions, and illumination variations. This paper presents a solution to these problems with a new algorithm for planar, visual pose measurement based on compressed, binary subtemplates. For a given object, we take a sequence of training images as the object rotates. On each training image, we detect binary edges and pick binary edge subtemplates as features to model the object. These features are compressed using the Lloyd algorithm, a conventional image compression technique. We detect the object in an image using a Hough transform. We demonstrate the algorithm on images with background clutter, partial occlusions, and illumination variations.
New ent-kaurane diterpenoids from Isodon rubescens (2003)

Two new ent-kaurane diterpenoids, 16( S)-hydroxymethyl-1alpha, 6beta, 7beta, 11beta-tetrahydnoxy-7a, 20-epoxyent-kauran-15-one (1) and 16 ( R)-hydroxymethyl-1alpha, 6beta, 7beta, 14beta-tetrahydroxy-7alpha, 20-epoxy-ent-kauran-15-one (2), named rubescensins F (1) and G (2), respectively, were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the dried leaves of Isodon rubescens ( Hemsl.) Ham collected in Jiyuan Prefecture, Henan Province, together with fourteen known compounds lasiodonin (3), oridonin (4), ponicidin, rubescensins C and D, rabdoternin C, wikstroemioidin B, enmenol-1alpha-O-beta-D-glucoside, enmenol, pedalitin, salicylic acid, ursolic acid, beta-sitosterol and daucosterol. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data.
Characterisation of a fall protein of sugar pine and detection of its homologue associated with frost hardiness of western white pine needles (1995)

A 19-kDa protein of sugar pine (named Pinl I; i.e., protein I of Pinuslambertiana Dougl.) was detected in increasing amounts in the fall. This protein was separated by SDS–PAGE and also by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Pinl I was composed of two acidic isoforms. This protein was subjected to N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. The two isoforms had an identical N-terminal amino acid sequence. The N-terminal peptide was synthesized and purified, and the purity of the synthetic peptide was greater than 95%. The peptide was conjugated to a carrier protein, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Rabbits were immunized with peptide–KLH and the antipeptide antibody was purified from the crude antisera by immunoaffinity chromatography. The antibody was shown to bind specifically to PinI I. This anti-Pin I I antibody was used in a Western immunoblot to detect the homologues of Pin1 1 in two other five-needled pines: western white pine (Pinusmonticola Dougl.; named Pinm III) and eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.). The antibody was also used to monitor the seasonal variation of Pinm III in western white pine needles. Pinm III was shown to be associated with overwintering of western white pine seedlings. A significant correlation was observed between the frost hardiness of western white pine foliage and the content of Pinm III.
Hydrogen-induced silicon wafer splitting (2003)

The wafer splitting in the “smart-cut” process was analyzed by using the linear elasticity theory and thermodynamics under the assumption that the process is controlled by the nucleation and growth of microcracks. It was found that the nucleation size for the initiation of microcracks in the hydrogen-implanted region decreases with the amount of the implanted atomic hydrogen. By considering the annihilation of the implanted atomic hydrogen to form molecular hydrogen, the growth behavior of a microcrack was calculated, from which the maximum crack size was found to be proportional to the square root of the temperature and the amount of the implanted hydrogen. The growth rate of the microcrack increases with temperature and the amount of implanted hydrogen. A lower bound estimate of the amount of molecular hydrogen needed for the growth of the microcrack was established, which is a function of the crack size and fracture toughness of silicon.
Formation of Ba-ferrite films with perpendicular magnetization by targets-facing type of sputtering (1982)

Ba-ferrite films have been prepared by means of Targets-Facing type of sputtering method which is very useful to prepare magnetic films at high rate without any bombardment of high energy particles such as γ-electrons and negative ions emitted from the targets and is favorable to obtain stoichiometric films of good quality. C-axis orientation of the films depends strongly on substrate temperature and crystal structure of substrate. C-axis well oriented BaM films are deposited on amorphous materials such as a-SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> . The deposited films of 3000 Å in thickness have ΔΘ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</inf> less than 1 degree, magnetic anisotropy constant of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3.2\times10^{6}</tex> erg/cc, saturation magnetization of 380 emu/cc and coercive force of 1.3 kOe. These films reveal much better c-axis orientation and surface smoothness than the films deposited by DC diode type of sputtering method and have almost the same composition as that of the targets.