gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical effect of S-1 monotherapy on advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with acquired drug resistance of gefitinib (2012)

Objective To investigate the effect,survival time and toxicity of S-1 monotherapy on advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with acquired drug resistance of gefitinib.Methods Patients with pathologically confirmed stage Ⅳ lung adenocarcinoma who had had disease control with gefitinib were retrospectively reviewed.After acquired drug resistance,patients received S-1 orally administered at 40 mg/m2 twice a day for 14 days followed by a 7 days rest period.The efficacy and toxicities were observed.Results In the periord of S-1 monotherapy,three patients achieved partial response (PR),and the overall response rate (ORR) of eligible patients was 20％ (3/15),Disease control rate was 60％ (9/15).Median progression-free survival was 205 days (95％ CI:9.174-400.826 days),whereas median survival time was 270 days(95％ CI:262.623-277.377 days).Overallsurvival and PFS in patients with disease control (311 days and 239 days,respectively) were longer than those of patients with disease progression (110 days and 50 days,respectively ; P ＜ 0.05).Survival times was not related with the sex,age,eastern cooperative oncology group performance status and ORR.The most common toxicities of grade 3 or 4 was diarrhea,the incidence was 13.3 ％.Conclusions S-1 monotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with acquired drug resistance of gefitinib,can make part of the patients acquire remission again,prolong the survival time,and the toxicity is tolerable.

Key words: 
Epidermal growth factor receptor;  Non-small-cell lung cancer;  Gefitinib;  S-1; Drug resistance
Study of compressed log-periodic dipole antennas (1970)

The behavior of log-periodic dipole (LPD) antennas, which are compressed along the transmission-line axis, is studied both experimentally and theoretically. Compressed LPD antennas are found to be efficient, of low gain, and frequency independent. With compression, the radiation pattern approaches dipole-like behavior and the bandwidth increases slightly. It is also found that LPD antennas exhibit anomalous frequency-dependent behavior in narrow bands of frequencies ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\approx 1/8</tex> of a log period in width) when a reactive termination is used and when the scaling factor <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\tau</tex> is below about 0.92-0.93.
The <i>filA (rpoF)</i> gene of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> encodes an alternative sigma factor required for flagellin synthesis (1992)

In order to better understand the regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin expression we cloned the sigma factor of RNA polymerase used to transcribe the flagellin gene. It is a member of the sigma 28 class of alternative sigma factors described in several bacterial genera. Using the published sequence of the fliA gene encoding the sigma 28 from Salmonella typhimurium, we designed two oligonucleotides and, using the polymerase chain reaction, isolated the fliA gene from S. typhimurium chromosomal DNA. This heterologous probe was used in the DNA blot analysis of restriction digests of P. aeruginosa DNA. A 1.7 kb SalI-EcoRI fragment reacted with the probe and this fragment was cloned into the pBluescript vectors. The P. aeruginosa fliA gene was able to complement the motility defect of an Escherichia coli fliA mutant, but only when transcription was driven from the vector promoter. Insertional inactivation of the fliA gene with a gentamicin gene cassette rendered P. aeruginosa nonmotile and unable to express the flagellin gene. The 1.7 kb cloned fragment was sequenced and shown to contain the entire fliA gene. P. aeruginosa FliA shares 67% amino acid similarity with the homologous S. typhimurium sequence. Transcriptional analysis of the fliA gene showed that its expression was not dependent on RpoN, a sigma factor shown also to be required for flagellin synthesis. A reading frame downstream of fliA was found to encode the P. aeruginosa homologue of the enterobacterial cheY gene.
Impact of metal gate work function on gate leakage of MOSFETs (2004)

A systematic study of tunneling leakage current in metal gate MOFETs is carried out and the physical model used were corroborated by experiments. Effects of metal gate work function on tunnelling characteristics and the criterion for choosing suitable metal gate results in significant reduction of gate-SDE tunnelling. As a result, SOI FETs exhibit much lower off-state leakage than the bulk ones, particularly for high-K dielectric, indicating their superior scalability in terms of leakage currents.
High-speed fabrication of patterned colloidal photonic structures in centrifugal microfluidic chips (2006)

In this paper, we report a rapid and facile method for fabricating colloidal photonic crystals inside microchannels of radially symmetric microfluidic chips which were made using soft-lithography. As the suspension of monodisperse silica or polystyrene latex spheres was driven to flow through the channels under the action of centrifugal force, the colloidal spheres were quickly assembled into face centered cubic arrangement which had a few photonic stop bands. The soft-microfluidic channels and cells confined the colloidal crystals into designed patterns. The optical reflectance was modulated by the refractive-index mismatch between the colloidal particles and the solvent in the interstices between the particles. Therefore, the present microfluidic chips with built-in colloidal photonic crystals can be used as in-situ optofluidic microsensors for high throughput screening or light filters in integrated adaptive optical devices.
Sources of NADPH and Expression of Mammalian NADP+-specific Isocitrate Dehydrogenases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1998)

To compare roles of specific enzymes in supply of NADPH for cellular biosynthesis, collections of yeast mutants were constructed by gene disruptions and matings. These mutants include haploid strains containing all possible combinations of deletions in yeast genes encoding three differentially compartmentalized isozymes of NADP -specific isocitrate dehydrogenase and in the gene encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Zwf1p). Growth phenotype analyses of the mutants indicate that either cytosolic NADP -specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idp2p) or the hexose monophosphate shunt is essential for growth with fatty acids as carbon sources and for sporulation of diploid strains, a condition associated with high levels of fatty acid synthesis. No new biosynthetic roles were identified for mitochondrial (Idp1p) or peroxisomal (Idp3p) NADP -specific isocitrate dehydrogenase isozymes. These and other results suggest that several major presumed sources of biosynthetic reducing equivalents are non-essential in yeast cells grown under many cultivation conditions. To develop an in vivo system for analysis of metabolic function, mammalian mitochondrial and cytosolic isozymes of NADP -specific isocitrate dehydrogenase were expressed in yeast using promoters from the cognate yeast genes. The mammalian mitochondrial isozyme was found to be imported efficiently into yeast mitochondria when fused to the Idp1p targeting sequence and to substitute functionally for Idp1p for production of -ketoglutarate. The mammalian cytosolic isozyme was found to partition between cytosolic and organellar compartments and to replace functionally Idp2p for production of -ketoglutarate or for growth on fatty acids in a mutant lacking Zwf1p. The mammalian cytosolic isozyme also functionally substitutes for Idp3p allowing growth on petroselinic acid as a carbon source, suggesting partial localization to peroxisomes and provision of NADPH for -oxidation of that fatty acid.
A multi step parallel 10b 1.5 µ s ADC (1984)

The application of a multi-step parallel A/D conversion technique, consisting of a single three-position-switchable current-output DAC, a nonlinearity corrected resistor string and a buffered comparator array, to a 10b 1.5μs ADC, will be described.
Activation of MPF in Fission Yeast (2007)

In fission yeast p34cdc2/cyclin is activated at the G2/M boundary by dephosphorylation of Tyr15 of the p34cdc2 subunit. Two protein phosphatases carry out this dephosphorylation event. The major activity is encoded by cdc25, which is a distantly related member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family. A minor activity is provided by a newly identified fission yeast protein tyrosine phosphatase.
BACnet: A Technical Update. (1994)

BACnet is a communication protocol for Building Automation and Control networks that has been developed by ASHRAE Standards Project Committee (SPC) 135P. The committee has been working on the standard since the middle of 1987 and published a draft version public review in August, 1991. Substantive changes have been made to the proposed BACnet standard, which will undergo a second public review in 1994.
An Anticoagulant with Light‐Triggered Antidote Activity (2006)

A light remedy to overdosing: Aptamers with an intramolecular “caged” antisense region remain active until they are irradiated. Upon irradiation, the antisense activity is released and the aptamer refolds into an inactive structure (see scheme).
Translation of Drug Interaction Knowledge to Actionable Labeling (2019)

The authors declared no competing interests for this work.
Optimizing Dynamic Binary Translation for SIMD Instructions (2006)

Dynamic binary translation technology allows a program written for one architecture to be executed on a second architecture without recompiling the source code. Effective dynamic binary translation of SIMD (single instruction multiple data) instructions has become more and more important as SIMD extensions have gained popularity among general-purpose CPUs within the last decade. Many SIMD extensions allow an SIMD register to hold data of different types at different times. Supporting multiple data types within the same register complicates the task of a dynamic translator, which may or may not be able to determine the type of the register at translation time. We propose the SIMD data type tracking algorithm to translate the SIMD instructions and three algorithms to further optimize the translation. Our results show that the three optimizing algorithms give overall 3.89% performance improvement for SPEC2K INT benchmarks and 6.61%for SPEC2KFP benchmarks.
Molecular evolution of voltage-sensitive ion channel genes: on the origins of electrical excitability. (1993)

We have analyzed nucleic acid and amino acid sequence alignments of a variety of voltage-sensitive ion channels, using several methods for phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Ancient duplications within this family gave rise to three distantly related groups, one consisting of the Na+ and Ca++ channels, another the K+ channels, and a third including the cyclic nucleotide-binding channels. A series of gene duplications produced at least seven mammalian homologues of the Drosophila Shaker K+ channel; clones of only three of these genes are available from all three mammalian species examined (mouse, rat, and human), pointing to specific genes that have yet to be recovered in one or another of these species. The Shaw-related K+ channels and the Na+ channel family have also undergone considerable expansion in mammals, relative to flies. These expansions presumably reflect the needs of the high degree of physiological and neuronal complexity of mammals. Analysis of the separate domains of the four-domain channels (Ca++ and Na+) supports their having evolved by two sequential gene duplications and implies the historical existence of a functional two-domain channel.
Cathode-Ray Bunching (1939)

The bunching of cathode rays in the klystron, described in this Journal by R. H. Varian and S. F. Varian, is treated mathematically here, and is found to result in a current having a wave form with sharp peaks and containing strong higher harmonics. In the absence of appreciable ``de-bunching'' by mutual repulsion, the kinematics of the bunching process leads to specifications for an optimum condition of bunching and to the prediction of an ideal efficiency of 58 percent for the conversion of the cathode-ray power into high frequency power. De-bunching becomes important under certain calculated conditions, limiting the amplification factors obtainable in amplifiers without regeneration. It also changes the optimum conditions for oscillators and reduces their efficiencies by calculable amounts. The power required in the buncher is relatively very small and depends on the buncher voltage almost like that of an additional ohmic resistance.
Parallel plate slot coupler modeling using two dimensional frequency domain transmission line matrix method (2005)

A slot coupler for coupling between via-defined waveguides is analyzed using the 2D frequency domain transmission line matrix (2D-TLM) method. The general 2D-TLM model for a slot coupling between parallel plate waveguides is useful in the design of advanced low cost millimeter-wave packaging. The via waveguide coupler is modeled and the model verified by comparison to measurement.
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Membrane with Molecular Sieving Properties by Microwave-Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis (2009)

A zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) as member of the metal-organic framework family has been crystallized as a thin porous layer on an asymmetric ceramic support. Hydrogen can be selected from other gases by molecular sieving.
Synthesis of a Degradable High-Performance Epoxy-Ended Hyperbranched Polyester (2017)

Degradation and recycling of cured thermosetting epoxy resins are major challenges to the industry. Here, a low-viscosity, degradable epoxy-ended hyperbranched polyester (DEHP) is synthesized by a reaction between epichlorohydrin and a carboxyl-ended hyperbranched polyester (DCHP) obtained from an esterification between citric acid and maleic anhydride. The chemical structures of DCHP and DEHP were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and <sup>1</sup>H NMR. DEHP has a positive effect on reinforcing and toughening of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA). With an increase in the content and molecular weight of DEHP, the mechanical performances of the cured DEHP/DGEBA composites, including the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths, increase first and then decrease. The improvements on the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths were 34.2-43.4%, 35.6-48.1%, and 117.9-137.8%, respectively. Moreover, the DEHP also promotes degradation of the cured DEHP/DGEBA composites. The degree of degradation of the cured DEHP/DGEBA composites increases with an increase of the DEHP content and molecular weight. The composites containing 12 wt % DEHP can be degraded completely in only about 2 h at about 90 °C, compared with the degradation degree (35%) of cured DGEBA, indicating good degradation and recycling properties of the DEHP.
Translocating the blood-brain barrier using electrostatics (2012)

Mammalian cell membranes regulate homeostasis, protein activity and cell signaling. The charge at the membrane surface has been correlated with these key events. Although mammalian cells are known to be slightly anionic, quantitative information on the membrane charge and the importance of electrostatic interactions in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics remain elusive. Recently, we reported for the first time that brain endothelial cells are more negatively charged than human umbilical cord cells, using zeta-potential dynamic light scattering. Here, we hypothesize that anionicity is a key feature of the blood-brain barrier and contributes to select which compounds cross into the brain. For the sake of comparison, we also studied the membrane surface charge of blood components – red blood cells, platelets and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To further quantitatively correlate the negative zeta-potential values with membrane charge density, model membranes with different percentages of anionic lipids were also evaluated. From all the cells tested, brain cell membranes are the most anionic and the ones having their lipids mostly exposed, which explains why lipophilic cationic compounds are more prone to cross the blood-brain barrier.
Polymeric Peroxide of 1,3-Butadiene (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymeric Peroxide of 1,3-ButadieneC. T. Handy and H. S. RothrockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 19, 5306–5308Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01552a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01552a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views383Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Near-optimal control of cooling towers for chilled-water systems (1990)

This paper presents an algorithm for near-optimal control of cooling towers. The algorithm is based upon an open-loop control equation in terms of the total chilled-water cooling load. The parameters of this equation may be estimated from design data with relations derived from a simple model for cooling tower and chiller power trade-offs with tower control. Results of the near-optimal control algorithm are compared with the true optimal solution applied to detailed simulation model. The algorithm is extremely simple and is easily implemented in existing systems.
Accumulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Lungs during Pneumocystis Pneumonia (2012)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of hematopoietic precursors with the ability to adversely affect host immunity. They have been shown to accumulate in pathological conditions, such as cancer and some microbial diseases. In the mouse and rat models of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP), we found a distinct population of cells with MDSC-like morphology in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, constituting up to 50% of the total cells in BAL fluid. These cells were not seen in the BAL fluid from normal animals or from Pneumocystis-infected animals that had been successfully treated for PcP with a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. With flow cytometry, these cells were found to express the characteristic MDSC surface markers Gr-1 and CD11b in mice or CD11bc and His48 in rats. Using reverse transcription-PCR, we demonstrated that these cells produced high levels of arginase-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA. These cells were shown to suppress CD4(+) T-cell proliferation in response to stimulation by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Adoptive transfer of these cells to normal mice caused lung damage, as indicated by elevated levels of albumin and lactate dehydrogenase in the BAL fluid. These experiments provide evidence of the presence of MDSCs in the lungs during PcP. Further studies on the roles of MDSCs in PcP are warranted in order to develop treatment strategies which can reduce the number of MDSCs and the damage caused by these cells.
Kinetics of the humoral immune response to blood-induced falciparum malaria in the squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus. (1983)

Twenty squirrel monkeys were inoculated with the Palo Alto (FUP) strain of Plasmodium falciparum and treated with quinine one or two weeks after inoculation. Antibody production, measured by the IFA technique, closely followed the appearance of parasites in the blood, rose to a maximum in about two to three weeks, stayed at this level for one to two months and then declined progressively. IgM antibodies appeared faster than any other class of antibody and at two weeks of infection represented 50-80% of total malarial antibodies. IgM antibodies also declined more rapidly and reached barely detectable levels within two to three months. IgG antibodies rose slowly to a maximal level which was, however, maintained for a longer period. No significant differences were observed between intact and splenectomized monkeys. Challenge with virulent parasites two months after the initial infection showed that both groups of monkeys, particularly the intact ones, had acquired a strong protective immunity. The secondary IgG response was stronger when the challenge was performed more than two months after the primo-inoculation.
WARNING: AIR BAGS POSE DANGER TO CHILDREN (1996)

This article describes the potential safety threat to children from air bags. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reports that unbelted or improperly belted children are at increased risk for injury and even death from air bags. The NHTSA has prepared a three-point public awareness message to keep children safe: 1) never put a rear-facing child seat in the front seat of a car with a passenger-side air bag; 2) make sure all children are buckled up no matter where they sit; and 3) place children of any age in the rear seat for the safest ride.
Effects of a lateral turn on mixed venous oxygen saturation and heart rate in critically ill adults. (1990)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a lateral turn on mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) and heart rate in 183 critically ill adults. Mean SvO2 decreased from a baseline of 67% to 61% saturation (p less than 0.0001) immediately after turning and gradually returned to 66% saturation (p less than 0.002) within 4 minutes. Mean heart rate increased slightly from a baseline of 99 beats/min to 102 beats/min (p less than 0.0001) immediately after turning and decreased slightly to 101 beats/min (p less than 0.0004) within 4 minutes. These statistically significant changes in SvO2 and heart rate were not clinically significant for most patients. However, physiologic responses to turning were highly variable. SvO2 reductions of 25% or more from baseline, heart rate increases and decreases of 10 beats/min or more, and signs of activity intolerance occurred in some patients. Nurses should expect critically ill patients to have a decrease in SvO2 of approximately 9% of baseline and small changes in heart rate after turning. These changes should be transient, with SvO2 and heart rate gradually returning toward baseline levels during the next 4 minutes. If turning triggers large or prolonged changes in SvO2 or heart rate, prompt repositioning and evaluation are needed to prevent adverse effects.