gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term culture, cloning, and surface markers of mixed leukocyte culture-derived human T lymphocytes with natural killer-like cytotoxicity. (1982)

Abstract Human lymphocytes alloactivated in mixed leukocyte cultures (MIX) can exert specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity against normal allogeneic targets and against certain cell lines. The former is directed by defined alloantigens expressed by almost all normal tissues, the latter against as yet undefined structures expressed predominantly by transformed tumor and virus-infected cells. This type of alloantigen-unrestricted cytotoxicity may be considered analogous to the spontaneous cytotoxicity mediated by unprimed, freshly isolated normal lymphocytes designated “natural killing” (NK). The NK-like cytotoxic cells recovered from MLC are shown here to be suceptible to the growth-promoting properties of interleukin 2 (IL 2) containing culture supernatants of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocytes. The NK-like cytotoxic patterns are retained for the finite (65 to &gt;80 days) life spans of these IL 2-dependent cell lines. From these, clones can be isolated by limiting dilution, which manifest exclusively NK-like or alloantigen-directed cytotoxicity. The cloned cells also retain cytotoxic activity up to the end of their life spans. Surface marker phenotyping of selected clones shows that they are mature activated T cells (OKT3+, Lyt-3+, UCHT1+, HLA-DR+, HTA1−). Cloned cells can possess either of the mutually exclusive OKT4+/OKT8− or OKT4−/OKT8+ phenotypes, but with no relation to cytotoxic or helper functions. Two monoclonal antibodies, OKM1 and M522, which are known to deplete almost all NK activity from freshly prepared peripheral blood mononuclear cells, react differently on cloned cells. M522 is expressed only by clones with cytotoxic function (NK-like or alloantigen-directed), whereas 0KM1 is expressed only weakly on NK-like clones. In contrast, expression of structures detected by the rat monoclonal antibody YD1/48.HLK is restricted exclusively to those clones with NK-like function. The results presented here indicate that human NK-like phenomena are amenable to analysis at the clonal level by using IL 2-driven cell lines.
Imaging of acoustic fields in bulk acoustic-wave thin-film resonators (2000)

By using an atomic-force-microscope-based technique, we image the vibration of high-frequency, bulk-mode, thin-film resonators. Our experimental technique is capable of monitoring the vibration of these devices over a broad frequency range, from 1 MHz to beyond 10 GHz, allowing us to obtain quantitative measurements of the piezoelectric properties of thin-film materials in that frequency range. This technique allows us to map the complex vibration modes of a new generation of high-frequency bulk piezoelectric resonators, revealing the presence of vibration patterns of very different characteristic lengths.
Simple Objective Detection of Human Lyme Disease Infection Using Immuno-PCR and a Single Recombinant Hybrid Antigen (2014)

A serology-based tiered approach has, to date, provided the most effective means of laboratory confirmation of clinically suspected cases of Lyme disease, but it lacks sensitivity in the early stages of disease and is often dependent on subjectively scored immunoblots. We recently demonstrated the use of immuno-PCR (iPCR) for detecting Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in patient serum samples that were positive for Lyme disease. To better understand the performance of the Lyme disease iPCR assay, the repeatability and variability of the background of the assay across samples from a healthy population (n = 36) were analyzed. Both of these parameters were found to have coefficients of variation of <3%. Using eight antigen-specific iPCR assays and positive call thresholds established for each assay, iPCR IgM and/or IgG diagnosis from Lyme disease patient serum samples (n = 12) demonstrated a strong correlation with that of 2-tier testing. Furthermore, a simplified iPCR approach using a single hybrid antigen and detecting only IgG antibodies confirmed the 2-tier diagnosis in the Lyme disease patient serum samples (n = 12). Validation of the hybrid antigen IgG iPCR assay using a blinded panel of Lyme disease and non-Lyme disease patient serum samples (n = 92) resulted in a sensitivity of 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50% to 84%), compared to that of the 2-tier analysis at 59% (95% CI, 41% to 76%), and a specificity of 98% (95% CI, 91% to 100%) compared to that of the 2-tier analysis at 97% (95% CI, 88% to 100%). A single-tier hybrid antigen iPCR assay has the potential to be an improved method for detecting host-generated antibodies against B. burgdorferi.
Initial treatment of CLL: integrating biology and functional status (2015)

A better understanding of the biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has led to significant advances in therapeutic strategies for patients with CLL. Chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) has been the standard first-line therapy for CLL. Age and comorbidities can help decide which patients may benefit from a CIT approach. FCR (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab) is the current standard treatment option for younger patients with CLL. For older patients and for patients with renal dysfunction, bendamustine and rituximab may be a better option. For older patients with comorbidities who may not be able to tolerate intensive CIT, the combination treatment of chlorambucil and obinutuzumab or ofatumumab is an option. For patients with del(17p), ibrutinib is the treatment of choice. Several ongoing phase 3 clinical trials with novel therapies will further refine the frontline therapy of CLL.
Singular points in the magnetization curve of a polycrystalline ferromagnet (1974)

The reversible magnetization curve M(H) of a polycrystalline ferromagnet has been investigated with the objective of examining the properties of the singularities located at H = −HA, the anisotropy field, along the hard direction. Using a simple model that approximates the system as a continuous assembly of noninteracting particles, we show that the singular point becomes apparent in the successive derivatives dnM/dHn plotted as functions of H. Indeed, differentiation accentuates more and more the singularity hidden in the magnetization curve, and the minimum order n* at which it can be detected is the order for which the function dn*M/dHn* has a discontinuity in the slope at the singular point. The general formula for the dependence of n* on the symmetry properties of the hard direction is given together with the analytical expression for the shape and amplitude of the singularity in the most important cases. The same sort of phenomenon is shown to be present in the reversible transverse susceptibility, and the general expression for nt* is also given. For all the symmetry cases, nt* turns out to be lower than n*. Experimental tests of the theory have been carried out for binary axes of both uniaxial and cubic materials—namely, BaFe12O19, Fe, and CoFe2O4. The singularity appears in d2M/dH2, as expected, and position and amplitude are in good agreement with the values predicted by theory. The suggestion is made that singular point detection (SPD) could be used as a new technique for measuring the anisotropy in polycrystalline samples.
Manipulation in Human Environments (2006)

Robots that work alongside us in our homes and workplaces could extend the time an elderly person can live at home, provide physical assistance to a worker on an assembly line, or help with household chores. In order to assist us in these ways, robots will need to successfully perform manipulation tasks within human environments. Human environments present special challenges for robot manipulation since they are complex, dynamic, uncontrolled, and difficult to perceive reliably. In this paper we present a behavior-based control system that enables a humanoid robot, Domo, to help a person place objects on a shelf. Domo is able to physically locate the shelf, socially cue a person to hand it an object, grasp the object that has been handed to it, transfer the object to the hand that is closest to the shelf, and place the object on the shelf. We use this behavior-based control system to illustrate three themes that characterize our approach to manipulation in human environments. The first theme, cooperative manipulation, refers to the advantages that can be gained by having the robot work with a person to cooperatively perform manipulation tasks. The second theme, task relevant features, emphasizes the benefits of carefully selecting the aspects of the world that are to be perceived and acted upon during a manipulation task. The third theme, let the body do the thinking, encompasses several ways in which a robot can use its body to simplify manipulation tasks.
Robert A. Caro, The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York. New York: Knopf, 1974. $17.95. £10·25 (1977)

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A cognitive brain-computer interface prototype for the continuous monitoring of visual working memory load (2015)

We investigate the neural correlates of visual working memory using electroencephalography (EEG). Our objective is to develop a cognitive Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) able to monitor visual working memory load in real-time. A system with these properties would eventually have different applications, such as training, rehabilitation, or safety while operating dangerous machinery. The BCI performances were evaluated using cross-validation. With an appropriately chosen classification threshold, it is possible to detect high working memory load with a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 72%. However, it is well known that some subjects are BCI illiterate, meaning that up to 30% of the users have too high signal variability to use EEG-based BCI systems. If we analyse each subject individually, it is possible to detect high working memory load with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 81% (accuracy = 81%) for a typical good subject. Changes due to visual working memory load were observed in frontal, parietal, and occipital regions.
Quantized acoustic phonon modes in quantum wires and quantum dots (1994)

Acoustic phonon modes in isotropic cubic media are derived for a number of quantum-wire and quantum-dot geometries of significant interest in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. In each case, the mode amplitude is determined by requiring that the mode energy be given by that of the properly quantized phonon. For the case of cylindrical quantum wires and quantum dots with rectangular faces, the Hamiltonians for the deformation potential interactions are derived. These quantized acoustic modes and the associated deformation potential Hamiltonians provide a basis for modeling carrier-acoustic-phonon interactions in a variety of mesoscopic devices. Our new results supplement previous treatments of related piezoelectric effects in cylindrical quantum wires.
Hexaalkoxytruxenes, A New Series of Disc-Like Mesogens†; (1984)

Abstract An homologous series of hexa-n-alkoxytruxenes has been prepared with values of n from 6 to 14. Interphase transitions between solid, mesomorphic and isotropic phases were studied by hot stage microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that all of the mesophases were of the same type; a hexagonal ordered columnar phase (Dho), with an unusually large temperature range. Systematic X-ray studies were performed with respect to temperature and chain lenght.
Grazing of a <i>Tetrahymena</i> sp. on Adhered Bacteria in Percolated Columns Monitored by In Situ Hybridization with Fluorescent Oligonucleotide Probes (1998)

Predation of attached Pseudomonas putida mt2 by the small ciliate Tetrahymena sp. was investigated with a percolated column system. Grazing rates were examined under static and dynamic conditions and were compared to grazing rates in batch systems containing suspended prey. The prey densities were 2 x 10(8) bacteria per ml of pore space and 2 x 10(8) bacteria per ml of suspension, respectively. Postingestion in situ hybridization of bacteria with fluorescent oligonucleotide probes was used to quantify ingestion. During 30 min, a grazing rate of 1,382 +/- 1,029 bacteria individual-1 h-1 was obtained with suspended prey; this was twice the grazing rate observed with attached bacteria under static conditions. Continuous percolation at a flow rate of 73 cm h-1 further decreased the grazing rate to about 25% of the grazing rate observed with suspended prey. A considerable proportion of the protozoans fed on neither suspended bacteria nor attached bacteria. The transport of ciliates through the columns was monitored at the same time that predation was monitored. Less than 20% of the protozoans passed through the columns without being retained. Most of these organisms ingested no bacteria, whereas the retained protozoans grazed more efficiently. Retardation of ciliate transport was greater in columns containing attached bacteria than in bacterium-free columns. We propose that the correlation between grazing activity and retardation of transport is a consequence of the interaction between active predators and attached bacteria.
Studies on the enzymatic synthesis of lipophilic derivatives of natural antioxidants (1999)

Abstract The esterification of some natural antioxidants such as cinnamic acid derivatives and ascorbic acid in non‐aqueous media, catalyzed by immobilized lipases from Candida antarctica and Rhizomucor miehei , was investigated. The alcohol chain length affected the rate of esterification of cinnamic acids by both lipases. Higher reaction rates were observed when the esterification was carried out with medium‐ or long‐chain alcohols. The rate also depended on aromatic acid structure. The reactivity of the carboxylic function of the cinnamic acids was affected by electron‐donating substituents in the aromatic ring. Higher yields were observed for the esterification of p ‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid (97%) catalyzed by C. antarctica lipase and for the esterification of cinnamic acid (59%) catalyzed by R. miehei lipase. Candida antarctica lipase was more suitable for producing ascorbic acid fatty esters, catalyzing with a relatively high yield (up to 65% within 24 h) the regioselective esterification of ascorbic acid with various fatty acids in 2‐methyl‐2‐propanol. The reaction rate and yield depended on the fatty acid chain length and on the molar ratio of reactants. All ascorbic acid fatty esters produced by this procedure exhibited a significant antioxidant activity in a micellar substrate composed of linoleic acid.
Synthesis of some di- and tri-subsituted analogs of luteinzing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH). (1975)

Eight new di- and tri-substituted luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogs, i.e., des-Gly10-[Thr4]-LH-RH-ethylamide, des-Gly10-[Phe5]-LH-RH-ethylamide, des-Gly10-[Phe5, Ile7]-LH-RH-ethylamide, des-Gly10-[Nle7]-LH-RH-ethylamide, des-Gly10-[Met7]-LH-RH-ethylamide, des-Gly10-[Orn8]-LH-RH-ethylamide, des-Gly10-[Lys8]-LH-RH-ethylamide and des-Gly10-[Gly9]-LH-RH-ethylamide, were synthesized by the solution method, and tested in vitro for the ability to induce secretion of luteinizing hormone. On the basis of structure-activity relations of these analogs, it is concluded that the effect of several structural changes in the LH-RH-molecule on its hormonal activity is"additive".
A Study of Load Reduction Effect on Conduits Using Compressible Inclusion (2003)

Researches on the induced trench method using compressible materials such as clay, mud, straw, or EPS block have been performed to reduce the load acting on buried conduits under a high fill. The induced trench method has the problems that the arching area due to the compressible arching material is one dimensional or localized in a narrow zone. The main purpose of this study is to solve the problems of the induced trench method mentioned above. The various types of laboratory model tests are conducted to find the effects of the variations of EPS block width, multilayer application, soil density, and diameter of the flexible steel pipe. A series of model tests was conducted to evaluate the reduction of earth pressure on conduits using EPS block. Based on modeling test it is found that the magnitude of vertical earth pressure on conduits was reduced about 60% compared with conventional flexible conduit systems.
An improved off-line identification technology for parameters of surface permanent magnet synchronous motors (2017)

Based on the model of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor, an improved algorithm for off-line parameter identification of motor is presented. In this paper, the single-phase sinusoidal AC signal is injected into the motor which can simulate the single-phase locked-rotor test and the DC signal is injected into the motor in order to simulate the DC test, then filtering the input signal to obtain the real and imaginary part of the voltage and current signals <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</sup> , then the motor resistance and inductance can be calculated. A three-phase sinusoidal AC signal is injected into the motor to simulate the no-load test, then the flux of permanent magnet motor can be deduced by the motor steady-state model and power equivalence principle.
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 44) (2014)

Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since January 2014 are reviewed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Harnessing the Information Ecosystem with Wiki-based Visualization Dashboards (2009)

We describe the design and deployment of Dashiki, a public website where users may collaboratively build visualization dashboards through a combination of a wiki-like syntax and interactive editors. Our goals are to extend existing research on social data analysis into presentation and organization of data from multiple sources, explore new metaphors for these activities, and participate more fully in the web!s information ecology by providing tighter integration with real-time data. To support these goals, our design includes novel and low-barrier mechanisms for editing and layout of dashboard pages and visualizations, connection to data sources, and coordinating interaction between visualizations. In addition to describing these technologies, we provide a preliminary report on the public launch of a prototype based on this design, including a description of the activities of our users derived from observation and interviews.
Dispersion Engineering with Leaky-Mode Resonant Photonic Lattices (2009)

We investigate the dispersion properties of leaky-mode resonance elements with emphasis on slow-light applications. Using particle swarm optimization, we design three exemplary bandpass leaky-mode devices. A single-layer silicon-on-insulator leaky-mode element shows a time-delay peak of ~8 ps at the resonance wavelength. A double membrane element exhibits an average delay of ~6 ps over ~0.75 nm spectral bandwidth with a relatively flat dispersion response. By cascading five double-membrane elements, we achieve an accumulative delay of ~30 ps with a very flat dispersion response over ~0.5 nm bandwidth. Thus, we show that delay elements based on leaky-mode resonance, by proper design, exhibit large amount of delay yet very flat dispersion over appreciable spectral bandwidths, making them potential candidates for optical buffers, delay lines, and switches.
A current Bellcore view of SONET ATM VP rings (2002)

This paper reviews the generic requirements and plans for SONET ATM VP rings. It provides a perspective on where SONET ATM VP ring technology is and the issues facing this technology. This view is based on requirements work done at Bellcore and interaction with industry on supporting the ATM VP ring concept. SONET ring equipment with ATM VP functionality is expected to process and add-drop ATM cells at the ATM VP layer. The goal of this architecture is to gain an improved SONET transport efficiency for ATM cell traffic. This paper shows why ATM VP functionality in SONET rings is an attractive network transport technology.
Efficacy of Memantine on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms Related to Dementia: A Systematic Meta-Analysis (2007)

Initial data appear to indicate that memantine decreases NPI scores and may have a role in managing BPSD. However, there are a number of limitations with the current data; the effect size was relatively small, and whether memantine produces significant clinical benefit is not clear.
Use of two-photon light for absolute calibration of photoelectric detectors (1980)

A description is given of a method for calibrating photodetectors based on some characteristics of the statistics of the field of spontaneous parametric light scattering. A phenomenological theory of parametric scattering is used to demonstrate that photons are only emitted in pairs. It is shown that, in principle, a priori information on the two-photon character and directionality of parametrically scattered light can be used for absolute calibration of photodetectors operated both in the analog linear regime and in the discrete photoelectron pulse counting regime.
Dynamic extraction topic descriptors and discriminators (2004)

Effective knowledge management may require going beyond initial knowledge capture, to support decisions about how to extend previously-captured knowledge. Electronic <i>concept maps,</i> interlinked with other concept maps and multimedia resources, can provide rich <i>knowledge models</i> for human knowledge capture and sharing. This paper presents research on methods for supporting experts as they extend these knowledge models, by searching the Web for new context-relevant topics as candidates for inclusion. This topic search problem presents two challenges: First, how to formulate queries to seek topics that reflect the context of the current knowledge model, and, second, how to identify candidate topics with the right balance of novelty and relevance. More generally, this problem raises the broad question of the interaction of topic information from the local analysis space (a collected set of documents) and the global search space (the Web). The paper develops a framework for understanding this interaction, and proposes and evaluates techniques for addressing the query formation and topic identification questions by dynamically extracting topic descriptors and discriminators from a knowledge model, to characterize information needs for retrieval and filtering of relevant material. Using these techniques, we have developed a support tool that starts from a knowledge model under construction and automatically produces a set of suggestions for topics to include, proactively supporting users as they extend knowledge models.
Sensitive assay of RNA interference in <i>Drosophila</i> and Chinese hamster cultured cells using firefly luciferase gene as target (2000)

A sensitive cellular assay system for RNA interference was developed using the firefly luciferase gene as target. RNA interference was noted not only in Drosophila cultured cells but Chinese hamster cells (CHO-K1) as well, although double-stranded RNA required for the latter was 2500 times more than for the former. Cognate double-stranded RNA as short as 38 bp was found to be still capable of inducing RNA interference in Drosophila cultured cells.