gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CO<sub>2</sub> Capture by Temperature Swing Adsorption: Use of Hot CO<sub>2</sub>-Rich Gas for Regeneration (2015)

Temperature swing adsorption (TSA) is an attractive technology for CO2 removal from gas streams. CO2 capture by a TSA process in which the recovered CO2 product is heated and used as regeneration purge gas has been examined. Our study is based on cyclic experiments performed on a single adsorption column packed with the commercially available zeolite NaUSY adsorbent. The commercial Aspen adsorption simulator was used to simulate the experimental system, where the model predictions agreed quite well with experimental results in terms of breakthrough and results for cycle designs based on indirect heating followed by hot product gas purge. The validated model was used to simulate the case of regeneration using only hot product gas purge, which was difficult to examine experimentally due to constraints of the experimental system used. With a three-step cycle of (1) adsorption, (2) hot gas purge, and (3) cooling, this case yielded product purities of >91% CO2 and maximum recoveries of 55.5, 76.2, and 83.6% at specific (thermal) energy consumptions of 3.4, 3.8, and 4.5 MJ/kg of CO2 for regeneration temperatures of 150, 200, and 250 °C, respectively. Calculated productivities also varied from 0.024, 0.037, and 0.047 kgCO2/kgads·h for the various regeneration temperatures. Incorporation of a product CO2 purge prior to desorption with hot CO2 purge gas increased the purity to 96% at a recovery of 90.8%—these conditions are suitable for CO2 sequestration.
Microlenses self-aligned to optical fibers fabricated using the hydrophobic effect (2001)

We report a means of fabricating microlenses on transparent spacers that are self-aligned to optical fibers. The lenses so formed have f-numbers (f/sup /s) as low as f/1.55 and can be fabricated with minimal processing steps. Lenses can be fabricated desirably "over-sized," with input apertures larger than operational beam diameters, The lenses deviate from spherical by as little as /spl plusmn/80 nm over the middle 90% of their surfaces, and are diffraction limited when used in their paraxial regions. Previous work suggests that arrays of such lenses can be fabricated in parallel with good uniformity (/spl Delta/f/f/spl sim//spl plusmn/5.9% for a 15×15 array of 500 μm f/1.4 lenses), stability, and reproducibility (average f/sup /s are reproducible to within 3.5%). Although coupling efficiencies have not been measured, these values suggest that the lenses are of sufficient quality for a variety of multimode fiber applications.
Astonishing diversity of natural surfactants: 2. Polyether glycosidic ionophores and macrocyclic glycosides (2005)

Polyether glycosidic ionophores and macrocyclic glycosides are of great interest, especially for the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries. These biologically active natural surfactants are good prospects for the future chemical preparation of compounds useful as antibiotics, anticancer agents, or in industry. More than 300 interesting and unusual natural surfactants are described in this review article, including their chemical structures and biological activities.
Does the time of administration (morning or evening) affect the tolerability or efficacy of tamsulosin? (2001)

In contrast to other alpha-blockers, night-time dosing is not necessary to improve the tolerability or efficacy of tamsulosin.
Non‐viral‐mediated gene therapy approaches for bone repair (2005)

GAM technology appears to improve the functional stability and release duration of incorporated DNA-polymer complexes in the present in vitro studies. The ongoing objective of our research is to develop a localized treatment to improve the uptake and expression of plasmid DNA by non-viral-mediated gene therapy.
Distributed Statistical Machine Learning in Adversarial Settings: Byzantine Gradient Descent (2017)

We consider the problem of distributed statistical machine learning in adversarial settings, where some unknown and time-varying subset of working machines may be compromised and behave arbitrarily to prevent an accurate model from being learned. This setting captures the potential adversarial attacks faced by Federated Learning -- a modern machine learning paradigm that is proposed by Google researchers and has been intensively studied for ensuring user privacy. Formally, we focus on a distributed system consisting of a parameter server and $m$ working machines. Each working machine keeps $N/m$ data samples, where $N$ is the total number of samples. The goal is to collectively learn the underlying true model parameter of dimension $d$. In classical batch gradient descent methods, the gradients reported to the server by the working machines are aggregated via simple averaging, which is vulnerable to a single Byzantine failure. In this paper, we propose a Byzantine gradient descent method based on the geometric median of means of the gradients. We show that our method can tolerate $q \le (m-1)/2$ Byzantine failures, and the parameter estimate converges in $O(\log N)$ rounds with an estimation error of $\sqrt{d(2q+1)/N}$, hence approaching the optimal error rate $\sqrt{d/N}$ in the centralized and failure-free setting. The total computational complexity of our algorithm is of $O((Nd/m) \log N)$ at each working machine and $O(md + kd \log^3 N)$ at the central server, and the total communication cost is of $O(m d \log N)$. We further provide an application of our general results to the linear regression problem. A key challenge arises in the above problem is that Byzantine failures create arbitrary and unspecified dependency among the iterations and the aggregated gradients. We prove that the aggregated gradient converges uniformly to the true gradient function.
A method for carrier frequency and phase synchronization of two autonomous cooperative transmitters (2005)

Cooperative communication protocols in which two or more sources transmit simultaneously in a single subchannel offer the potential for increased power efficiency and achievable rate with respect to orthogonal transmit cooperation. These protocols are, however, complicated by the fact that they require strict transmitter synchronization in order for the carrier signals from each source to arrive in phase and constructively combine at the intended destination. This paper develops an explicit method for synchronizing the carriers of two sources in a cooperative communication system with one destination. Unlike the prior work in this area, the approach described in this paper allows for source and/or destination mobility. The performance of the proposed carrier synchronization system is investigated for several channel models and practical design considerations are also discussed.
Bioinspired Microorigami by Self‐Folding Polymer Films (2012)

Abstract Investigation of self‐folding thin films, which mimic natural mechanisms of movement and form complex 3D structures, is a novel and very promising research direction. This manuscript summarizes recent advances in the development and application of biomimetic self‐folding polymer films. magnified image
E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin and guanylyl cyclase C: new functions and unsuspected actions. (2003)

Some E. coli cause diarrhea by elaborating heat-labile and heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins which stimulate intestinal secretion. E. coli ST's are small peptides which bind to intestinal luminal epithelial cell receptors. The ST receptor, one of a family of receptor-cyclases called guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), is a membrane spanning protein containing an extracellular binding domain and intracellular protein kinase and catalytic domains. The intestine synthesizes and secretes homologous peptides, guanylin and uroguanylin. The kidney also synthesizes uroguanylin. ST, guanylin or uroguanylin binding to GC-C results in increased cGMP, phosphorylation of the CFTR Cl- channel and secretion. Proguanylin and prouroguanylin circulate in blood and bind to receptors in intestine, kidney, liver, brain etc. In the kidney, they stimulate the excretion of Na+ and K+. Study of GC-C "knock-out" mice reveal that GC-C is important to intestinal salt and water secretion, duodenal bicarbonate secretion, recovery from CCl4-induced liver injury, and to intestinal polyp formation in Min mice lacking GC-C.
(Pt/Co)/TbFeCo DOUBLE LAYERED FILM FOR SHORTER WAVELENGTH LASER RECORDING (1991)

For realizing a very high density magneto-optical disk using a shorter wavelength laser, magnetic properties and read/write characteristics of (Pt/Co)/TbFeCo exchange coupled double layered film were studled. It was found that exchange coupling force working on TbFeCo layer must be smaller than coercivity of TbFeCo layer to write good shaped domains. Moreover, multl-domain structure of Pt/Co film, which increases disk noise, could be removed by exchange coupling.
Autonomous middleware framework for sensor networks (2005)

Programming sensor networks currently is a subtle task not because of enormous amount of code but due to inherent limitations of embedded hardware like the power, memory, network bandwidth and clock speed. In addition, there are very few programming abstractions and standards available which lead to close coupling between the application code and the embedded OS requiring understanding of low-level primitives during implementation. A middleware can provide glue code between the applications and the heterogeneity of devices by providing optimized set of services for autonomously managing the resources and functionality of wireless nodes in a distributed wireless sensor network. This paper presents an autonomous middleware framework for low power distributed wireless sensor networks that support adaptive sensor functionality, context aware communications, clustering, quality of service and fault-tolerance. Finally an application on how to use the autonomous middleware is illustrated on the envelope system research apparatus (ESRA).
Decreased White Blood Cell Count Related to Haloperidol Add-on Treatment to Olanzapine (2011)

Background: Leukopenia is a potentially severe side effect of antipsychotic drugs. Clozapine, olanzapine, and chlorpromazine are found to induce leukopenia. Haloperidol-induced leukopenia is occasionally reported. Research are limited to explore hematologic side effects related to the combined use of olanzapine and haloperidol. Case Report: We present a case of a patient with schizophrenia, whose white blood cell count was decreased following receiving a combination of haloperidol and olanzapine, and increased rapidly after discontinuing haloperidol. Conclusion: This case reminds us paying attention to the leukopenic effect of the use of haloperidol or combined antipsychotic drugs. Encountering a patient with a suspected antipsychotics-induced hematologic problem, clinicians need to consider those frequently mentioned offending agents, and to observe its relation with other antipsychotic drugs.
Modeling of perimeter-gated silicon avalanche diodes fabricated in a standard single-well CMOS process (2009)

We investigate design, fabrication and numerical modeling details of a silicon impact ionization device that was implemented in a standard single-well CMOS process line for use in biomedical applications. Device performance modeling of the perimeter-gated silicon avalanche diode is presented. To lower dark current, tune the current multiplication rate, and change the breakdown voltage, two techniques were develop: First is laying out n-wells close to each other to favorably increase spatial aliasing of diffused dopants, and second is using a gate terminal at the perimeter to modify electric field in the vicinity of the p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -n junction. Results verified by calculations and simulations show that the device can be operated in photon-counter mode with high breakdown voltages and sharp current transitions or in current multiplication mode as in solid-state impact ionization multipliers.
<title>Digimarc MediaBridge: the birth of a consumer product from concept to commercial application</title> (2002)

This paper examines the issues encountered in the development and commercial deployment of a system based on digital watermarking technology. The paper provides an overview of the development of digital watermarking technology and the first applications to use the technology. It also looks at how we took the concept of digital watermarking as a communications channel within a digital environment and applied it to the physical print world to produce the Digimarc MediaBridge product. We describe the engineering tradeoffs that were made to balance competing requirements of watermark robustness, image quality, embedding process, detection speed and end user ease of use. Today, the Digimarc MediaBridge product links printed materials to auxiliary information about the content, via the Internet, to provide enhanced informational marketing, promotion, advertising and commerce opportunities.
Modeling and animating eye blinks (2011)

Facial animation often falls short in conveying the nuances present in the facial dynamics of humans. In this article, we investigate the subtleties of the spatial and temporal aspects of eye blinks. Conventional methods for eye blink animation generally employ temporally and spatially symmetric sequences; however, naturally occurring blinks in humans show a pronounced asymmetry on both dimensions. We present an analysis of naturally occurring blinks that was performed by tracking data from high-speed video using active appearance models. Based on this analysis, we generate a set of key-frame parameters that closely match naturally occurring blinks. We compare the perceived naturalness of blinks that are animated based on real data to those created using textbook animation curves. The eye blinks are animated on two characters, a photorealistic model and a cartoon model, to determine the influence of character style. We find that the animated blinks generated from the human data model with fully closing eyelids are consistently perceived as more natural than those created using the various types of blink dynamics proposed in animation textbooks.
Design and analysis of lunar lander manual control modes (2009)

All Apollo landings were performed by the crew, manually commanding the lunar module (LM) attitude and rate-of-descent (ROD). In future missions, the astronauts will again need manual control of the flight path and attitude. Crew interaction mechanisms have been proposed to re-designate a landing aimpoint during the approach phase. However, manual control modes, crew control capability, and resulting vehicle performance during terminal descent have not been thoroughly investigated. A rate-control attitude hold (RCAH) mode was ultimately used in the LM for lateral flight and descent rate was controlled incrementally (P66), although other modes were considered and evaluated. These modes, as well as others proposed during Apollo, are reviewed and discussed in terms of their applicability to Altair. The ALHAT guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) algorithms for autonomous precision lunar landing were modified to include two manual flight control modes: RCAH with incremental ROD (A66) and incremental lateral velocity control with incremental ROD (A68) using Altair LDAC1-Delta vehicle parameters. Crew interactions with the ALHAT GNC system are described throughout the mission phases from lunar orbit to touchdown, focusing on manual control of flight path and attitude during terminal descent. These ALHAT manual attitude control modes are described and vehicle performance is discussed in terms of its estimated impact on handling quality ratings.
Science and Engineering of Large-Scale Complex Systems (2005)

The world's economy can be seen as a an excellent playing field for the multiple, multi-faceted scientific disciplines and scientists. But for various reasons and causes, they are or disregarded or sometimes even carefully avoided. Kemal Delic, a lab scientist with Hewlett-Packard's R&D operations and a senior enterprise architect, explains.
Photocyclizations of tyrosines, tyramines, catechol amines, and normescaline (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotocyclizations of tyrosines, tyramines, catechol amines, and normescalineOsamu Yonemitsu, Takashi Tokuyama, Michael Chaykovsky, and Bernhard WitkopCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 3, 776–784Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01005a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01005a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
All-electron magnetic response with pseudopotentials: NMR chemical shifts (2001)

A theory for the ab initio calculation of all-electron NMR chemical shifts in insulators using pseudopotentials is presented. It is formulated for both finite and infinitely periodic systems and is based on an extension to the projector augmented-wave approach of Bl\"ochl [P. E. Bl\"ochl, Phys. Rev. B 50, 17 953 (1994)] and the method of Mauri et al. [F. Mauri, B. G. Pfrommer, and S. G. Louie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 5300 (1996)]. The theory is successfully validated for molecules by comparison with a selection of quantum chemical results, and in periodic systems by comparison with plane-wave all-electron results for diamond.
EFFECT OF TOTAL LIPIDS, TRIACYLGLYCEROLS AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS ON MALONALDEHYDE CONTENT IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHICKEN MUSCLES AND THE CORRESPONDING SKIN (1989)

Total lipid extracted from chicken breast, thigh, drumstick and wing muscles and the corresponding skin was analyzed for triacylglycerols and phospholipids as well as their fatty acid composition and also for malonaldehyde and lipid oxidation fluorescent products (LOFP) content. Muscles consist of only 1.2–3.2% lipid, but lipid concentration in the skin ranges from 22.2–31.7%. The percentage of phospholipid in muscle lipid was 20 times more than that of the skin. The fatty acids of triacylglycerols from muscles and skin contained less than 2% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Fatty acids from phospholipid of the meat contained over 15% arachidonic acid and substantial amounts of PUFA with 22 carbon atoms. Skin phospholipid had 10.6–13.2% of all PUFA. Differences in the lipid composition of muscles and skin resulted in a concentration of malonaldehyde in muscle lipids of 30–50 mg/g, a value more than 15 times greater than in lipids of the skin. However, the TBA number of the skin was the same or a little bit lower as compared to muscles. The relative levels of LOFP in the organic phase of Folch-extracted muscle and skin tissues paralleled the trend found for malonaldehyde concentrations. It was concluded that the simultaneous determination of total lipid content and malonaldehyde concentration in lipid extracted from various chicken muscles and corresponding skin was the most informative method for evaluation of precursors of lipid oxidation in fresh tissue.
A novel universal voltage-mode filter with three inputs and single output using only two operational floating current conveyor (2002)

A novel universal voltage-mode second-order filter with three inputs and single output using operational floating current conveyors (OFCC) is presented. The configuration uses two OFCC, two capacitors and three resistors. The proposed filter offers the following advantages: realization of low pass, high pass, band pass, notch and all pass filter from the same configuration; no requirement for component-matching conditions or cancellation constraints, which makes the universal filter easier to design; orthogonal adjustment of /spl omega//sub 0/ and Q; low active and passive sensitivities, using active elements of the same type (two OFCC).
Activated platelets are the source of elevated levels of soluble CD40 ligand in the circulation of inflammatory bowel disease patients (2003)

Elevated levels of sCD40L in the circulation of IBD patients reflect enhanced surface expression and release of CD40L by platelets. This phenomenon translates to an increased platelet activation state apparently induced by passage through an inflamed mucosal microvascular bed, a conclusion supported by the positive correlation of plasma sCD40L levels with the extent of anatomical involvement by IBD. These results suggest that platelet-endothelial interactions critically contribute to activation of the CD40 pathway in IBD.
PARP* Inhibitors in BRCA-Associated Cancers (2010)

None; investigational agents olaparib (AZD2281) and BSI-201 are in phase I and II clinical trials; other PARP inhibitors under investigation include AGO 14699 (Pfizer), ABT-888 (Enzo), and MK4827 (Merck).
Symplectic stereomodelling method for solving elastic wave equations in porous media (2013)

In this paper, we propose a new symplectic stereomodelling (SSM) method to solve lowfrequency poroelastic wave equations in fluid-saturated porous media, which is proved to be symplectic for time advancing. First, we change the two-phase system without the dissipative mechanism into the generalized Birkhoffian system for the two-phase medium case, and then suggest a symplectic scheme to numerically discretize the Birkhoffian system via the two-stage partitioned Runge-Kutta method. In the SSM method, we use the symplectic algorithm for time advancing and employ the stereomodelling method to discretize the high-order spatial derivatives. In addition, the SSM method relies on the spatial operator-split technique to effectively reduce numerical dispersion and achieve better numerical stability. Based on this structure, the SSM method can (1) effectively suppress the numerical dispersion caused by the discretization of wave equations when coarse grids are used or when the porous medium has discontinuous interfaces, and (2) preserve the Birkhoffian structure of the two-phase system without the dissipative mechanism for the long-time computation of modelling wave propagating in two-phase media. Our numerical experiments show that the SSM method can provide clear seismic wavefields including fast P, slow P and S waves on coarser grids for porous media saturated with fluid. This is in contrast with other numerical methods, such as the fourth-order Lax-Wendroff correction and the conventional symplectic method, which suffers from serious numerical dispersion for the same case.