gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of large single-crystal SiC substrates (1998)

This article reviews the recent development of large single-crystal silicon carbide (SIC) substrates. The technological potential of SiC for high-power, high-temperature, and high-frequency electronic devices has been recognized for several decades; however, such applications have been largely hindered by problems related to bulk crystal growth. The SiC bulk crystal growth technology has recently achieved drastic improvement and enabled the growth of large high-quality single crystals. Due to the availability of large high-quality substrates, progress in SiC thin-film epitaxy and devices has been rapid, and application of SiC to many fields is fast reaching its real potential. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 81(6): 8–19, 1998
FEASIBILITY OF THE INTERLOCK PROTOCOL AGAINST MAN-IN-THE-MIDDLE ATTACKS ON QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY (2005)

If an eavesdropper succeeds in compromising the quantum as well as the classical channels and mimics the receiver "Bob" for the sender "Alice" and vice versa, one defence strategy is the successive, temporally interlocked partial transmission of the entire encrypted message.
Flow-enhanced solution printing of all-polymer solar cells (2015)

Morphology control of solution coated solar cell materials presents a key challenge limiting their device performance and commercial viability. Here we present a new concept for controlling phase separation during solution printing using an all-polymer bulk heterojunction solar cell as a model system. The key aspect of our method lies in the design of fluid flow using a microstructured printing blade, on the basis of the hypothesis of flow-induced polymer crystallization. Our flow design resulted in a ∼90% increase in the donor thin film crystallinity and reduced microphase separated donor and acceptor domain sizes. The improved morphology enhanced all metrics of solar cell device performance across various printing conditions, specifically leading to higher short-circuit current, fill factor, open circuit voltage and significantly reduced device-to-device variation. We expect our design concept to have broad applications beyond all-polymer solar cells because of its simplicity and versatility.
Implementation of a new MPEG-2 transport stream processor for digital television broadcasting (2002)

We introduce a real-time, dual independent output MPEG-2 transport stream (TS) processor designed specific for the China HDTV testing zones. The processor is a single piece of equipment, of which the core functions are realized in FPGA and DSP. Key technologies include a program clock reference (PCR) correction and a packets controller, which are important for TS processing, are described in detail. An improved PCR correction scheme developed by the authors is also proposed.
CD45 tyrosine phosphatase activity and membrane anchoring are required for T-cell antigen receptor signaling. (1994)

T cells that lack the CD45 transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase have a variety of T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling defects that are corrected by reexpression of wild-type CD45 or its intracytoplasmic domains. In this study, a chimeric molecule containing the myristylation sequence of Src and the intracellular portion of CD45, previously shown to restore function in CD45- T cells, was mutagenized to determine if membrane-associated CD45 tyrosine phosphatase activity is required to restore TCR-mediated signaling in CD45- T cells. Abolition of enzymatic activity by substitution of a serine for a critical cysteine in the first catalytic domain resulted in failure of this molecule to restore TCR signaling. Another mutation, in which a single amino acid substitution destroyed the myristylation site, resulted in failure of the chimeric molecule to partition to the plasma membrane. Although expressed at high levels and enzymatically active, this form of intracellular CD45 also failed to restore normal signaling in CD45- T cells. These findings strongly suggest that CD45's function in TCR signaling requires its proximity to membrane-associated tyrosine phosphatase substrates.
Characterization of antibodies to synthetic nerve growth factor (NGF) and ProNGF peptides (1989)

Sequence data for the mature nerve growth factor (NGF) protein and its precursor are available from molecular cloning of the NGF gene in several species, including mice, humans, rats, and chickens. Hydrophilicity analysis of the predicted rat and chicken prepro-NGF was carried out to locate putative antigenic determinants. Eight peptides were selected and synthesized based on hydrophilicity profiles. Two peptides represent sequences in the rat (and mouse) pro-NGF, one peptide (our peptide P3) represents a highly conserved region of the mature NGF protein (identical in humans, mice, rats, and chickens), two peptides are specific for the mature chicken NGF, and the remaining three peptides are specific for the mature rat NGF (each with only one amino acid substitution compared with corresponding segments of the mouse NGF). For immunization, the peptides were conjugated to keyhold limpet hemocyanin and used to produce antisera in rabbits. After bleeding, peptide-specific antibodies were purified on affinity columns prepared by coupling each of the synthetic peptides. The different peptide antisera and affinity-purified antibodies then were characterized by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry of the male mouse submandibular gland, a rich exocrine source of NGF. ELISA analysis showed that all peptide antisera bound two to four orders of magnitude better than normal rabbit serum to a coat of their proper peptide. The higher binding was retained by the purified peptide antibodies compared with normal rabbit immunoglobulin. Specific tests, in which one peptide antiserum was checked against different peptide coats in the ELISA, also showed two to four orders of magnitude higher binding of antibodies to the proper synthetic peptide. The peptide antibodies also were tested for their ability to bind to native mouse beta NGF coated to the immunoplates. Only antibodies raised to the conserved P3 peptide recognized native NGF to an extent similar to that obtained with polyclonal anti-NGF antibodies. Conversely, P3 was well recognized by several different NGF antisera. Immunohistochemically, both peptide antisera against the pro-NGF stained the perinuclear cytoplasm in the basal part of the cells of the granulated convoluted tubules in the mouse submandibular gland.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Syntheses of (.+-.)-2-((inden-7-yloxy)methyl)morpholine hydrochloride (YM-08054, indeloxazine hydrochloride) and its derivatives with potential cerebral-activating and antidepressive properties. (1985)

The synthesis of (±)-2-[(inden-7-yloxy) methyl] morpholine hydrochloride (7·HCl, YM-08054, indeloxazine hydrochloride) and its optical resolution into levo- and dextro-isomers were investigated. A practical synthetic method for 7·HCl was established by employing preferential crystallization from an equilibrium mixture of 7·HCl and its tautomer, (±)-2-[(inden-4-yloxy)-methyl] morpholine hydrochloride (6·HCl), in the presence of a catalytic amount of base in MeOH. It was found that 7·HCl and its levo-rotatory isomer ((-)-7·HCl) showed not only strong antidepressive activities, but also potent cerebral-activating properties. The syntheses and pharmacological activities of related compounds are also discussed briefly.
Prediction of outcome in dilated cardiomyopathy. (1987)

One hundred and sixty nine patients (mean age 39.1 years) with documented dilated cardiomyopathy were studied for a mean of 5.5 years One hundred and four patients died during this period. The average (SD) interval from the onset of symptoms to death was 4.1 (3.7) years. One year and five year mortality rates were 27.8% and 57.4% respectively. Most of the deaths occurred within two years of diagnosis. The only difference between survivors and those who died was in the severity of left ventricular dysfunction at the time of referral. Significant differences between survivors and non-survivors were found for left ventricular end diastolic pressure (17.3 versus 23.4 mm Hg), left ventricular end systolic volume (87.4 versus 128.9 ml/m2), left ventricular end diastolic volume (130.7 versus 173.2 ml/m2), and ejection fraction (32.8 versus 25.4%). The duration of previous symptoms, preceding virus infection, positive family history, recent pregnancy, or heavy alcohol intake did not seem to influence prognosis. Nor did treatment, which was similar in both groups with a quarter of the patients receiving vasodilators. Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy have a high mortality irrespective of treatment. The only identifiable prognostic indicator was the severity of left ventricular impairment at referral.
Some physicochemical analyses of kefir produced under different fermentation conditions (2011)

This study presents physicochemical attributes of kefir under different cultural conditions. Maximum values of kefirbiomass and kefiran were achieved when 100 ml of skimmed cows’ milk (pH 6)/250 ml glass container was fermented with 5 gfresh kefir grains after stationary incubation at 30°C for 120 h. Amino acids profile in kefir included most types of amino acidsexcept asparagine, glutamine and tryptophan. Analysis of kefir or ganic acids indicated that lactic acid had highest concentration(7.30 mg/ml), followed by acetic acid (6.50 mg/ml) and maleic acid (4.00 mg/ml). Production of ethanol was high, reaching aconcentration value of 0.22% (w/w). Highest kefir biomass and kefiran concentration were maintained when fermentation processwas carried out using a medium formulation composed of: lactose, 40; ammonium chloride, 4.0; KH
Thermo-Chemical Convection in Europa's Icy Shell with Salinity (2005)

Europa's icy surface displays numerous pits, uplifts, and chaos terrains that have been suggested to result from solid-state thermal convection in the ice shell, perhaps aided by partial melting. However, numerical simulations of thermal convection show that plumes have insufficient buoyancy to produce surface deformation. Here we present numerical simulations of thermochemical convection to test the hypothesis that convection with salinity can produce Europa's pits and domes. Our simulations show that domes (200-300 m) and pits (300-400 m) comparable to the observations can be produced in an ice shell of 15 km thick with 5-10% compositional density variation if the maximum viscosity is less than 10(exp 18) Pa sec. Additional information is included in the original extended abstract.
22.7% efficient PERL silicon solar cell module with a textured front surface (2002)

This paper describes a solar cell module efficiency of 22.7% independently measured at Sandia National Laboratories. This is the highest ever confirmed efficiency for a photovoltaic module of this size achieved by cells made from any material. This 778-cm/sup 2/ module used 40 large-area double layer antireflection coated PERL (passivated emitter, rear locally-diffused) silicon cells of average efficiency of 23.1%. A textured front module surface considerably improved the module efficiency. Also reported is an independently confirmed efficiency of 23.7% for a 21.6 cm/sup 2/ cell of the type used in the module. Using these PERL cells in the 1996 World Solar Challenge solar car race from Darwin to Adelaide across Australia, Honda's Dream and Aisin Seiki's Aisol III were placed first and third, respectively. Honda also set a new record by reaching Adelaide in four days with an average speed of 90 km/h over the 3010 km course.
Mechanical Characterization of Carpet Waste Natural Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites (2009)

This investigation deals with the property characterization of polymeric composites from abundantly available and renewable jute fibers. The aim of this article is to explore the possibility of using carpet waste jute yarn for value added fiber-reinforced composite materials and to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of these low-cost composites. Jute yarn was treated with 25 wt% NaOH solution to improve fiber—matrix interface. NaOH-treated jute yarn was crimpier, bulkier, more hairy, and flexible. The investigation of the mechanical properties of composites was performed as a function of yarn type, reinforcement form, matrix type, alkali treatment, and fiber content. For this purpose, the tensile, flexural and charpy impact tests were performed. It was found that composite samples from alkali treated reinforcement had better mechanical properties based on the investigated parameters. SEM analyses showed that alkali treatment improves bonding across the fiber—matrix interface. Jute—epoxy composites showed better tensile and flexural strength in comparison to jute—polyester composites, whereas impact strength of epoxy matrix composites were almost half that of polyester matrix composites. Composites from double ply jute yarns showed better flexural strength. Taking into account the reinforcement form, jute composites from random reinforcement form showed higher tensile strength and modulus. The study strongly suggests that the jute fiber waste-reinforced polymer composite materials are quite capable to serve as a potential cost effective, technologically viable, and attractive substitute to the conventional glass fiber composites.
Optimal mobility-aware admission control in content delivery networks (2004)

This paper addresses the problem of mobility management in content delivery networks (CDN). We introduce a CDN architecture where admission control is performed at mobility aware access routers. We formulate a Markov modulated Poisson decision process for access control that captures the bursty nature of data and packetized traffic together with the heterogeneity of multimedia services. The optimization of performance parameters, like the blocking probabilities and the overall utilization, is conducted and the structural properties of the optimal solutions are also studied. Heuristics are proposed to encompass the computational difficulties of the optimal solution when several classes of multimedia traffic are considered.
Programming Microsoft Directshow (2001)

The effects of leptin on bone are controversial. Although in vitro studies have shown that leptin stimulates osteoblast differentiation and mineralization and inhibits osteoclastogenesis, some rodent studies have shown that leptin administered centrally might result in decreased bone formation. In the present study we have investigated the skeletal effects of supraphysiological concentrations of leptin administered sc to rats. Female Fischer rats were given leptin 100 μg/d, 200 μg/d, or saline by continuous infusion for 9 wk. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bone microarchitecture was analyzed by micro-computed tomography, and biomechanical properties were tested by three-point bending experiments. At the end of the study, the body weight was significantly lower in rats receiving leptin compared with controls (-10.8% and -12.0% in low- and high-dose leptin groups, respectively). The high-dose leptin group also significantly lost weight compared with baseline. The plasma leptin concentration was 14- and 33-fold increased in the low- and high-dose groups, respectively. No significant differences in femoral BMD were observed. Whole-body BMD was significantly lower in the low-dose leptin group, whereas there was no difference between the high-dose leptin group and the control. Mechanical strength and microarchitecture were similar in the high-dose and the control group. The low-dose group, however, had decreased cortical volume in the femoral metaphysis, lowered bone strength, and altered moment of inertia. In conclusion, leptin given at very high doses maintains BMD, microarchitecture, and mechanical strength in female rats, despite a significant decrease in body weight.
Anti‐ulcerogenic activity of fulvic acids and 4′‐methoxy‐6‐carbomethoxybiphenyl isolated from shilajit (1988)

Abstract Fulvic acids (FA) and 4′‐methoxy‐6‐carbomethoxybiphenyl (MCB, 1), two major organic compounds isolated from Shilajit (a humus product), were screened for anti‐ulcerogenic activity in albino rats. Both FA and MCB showed significant anti‐ulerogenic effects in the battery of tests accepted for this purpose. The mechanism of anti‐ulcerogenic action was studied with MCB on the basis of its effects on mucin content (gastric juice carbohydrates and carbohydrate/protein ratio) and on the concentration of DNA and protein in the gastric juice. The MCB‐induced changes in the mucosa provided resistance against the effect of ulcerogens and also against shedding of mucosal cells. A preliminary acute toxicity study indicated that both FA and MCB had a low order of toxicity.
Development of fault section identification technique for low voltage DC distribution systems by using capacitive discharge current (2018)

The increasing importance of energy efficiency has led to several studies related to the construction of a reliable low voltage DC (LVDC) distribution system. Specifically, studies on a protection scheme that considers the fault characteristics of an LVDC distribution system are essential to improve system reliability. When compared to a conventional distribution system, the most distinct feature of an LVDC distribution system is the existence of a capacitive discharge current from converters under a fault condition that results in the prompt operation of protection devices. Therefore, this study involves proposing a precise and rapid technique to identify the fault section in an LVDC distribution system. The technique involves two stages, namely: an analysis stage to analyze the capacitive discharge current and a decision stage to identify the fault section based on the fault type. A detailed discussion of each step is presented and its feasibility is verified based on the results of simulations with an ElectroMagnetic Transients Program and MATLAB®.
A Far-field Noise and Near-field Unsteadiness of a Simplified High-lift-configuration Model (Slat) (2009)

Airframe noise generation at the flap-edge is investigated on a simplified three elements high-lift configuration wing model. Lowspeed wind tunnel experiments for aerodynamics measurements in JAXA-LWT2 and noise measurements in Large scale anechoic facility of Railway Technical Research Institute as well as steady-state Reynolds-Average NavierStokes computation (RANS) has been implemented. Cross spectrum analysis and computational results connect the far-field noise and the near-field unsteadiness, and then show the noise generation mechanism around a flap-edge. Flap-edge noise component around 2.5kHz is caused by the oscillation of the merged longitudinal vortex, which is formed by the top-side vortex and the side-edge vortex, in downstream area. The vortex is excited by shear layer instability at a lower corner of the flap-edge. In addition, three kinds of the flap-edge shape modification are tested. As a result, reduction of the far-field noise is achieved with specific shapes. Most effective modification is LowerRound flap-edge which has rounded corner at the lower side and a sharp-edge at upper side. Furthermore, variations in the vortical structures at the flap-edge with/without low noise shape are discussed using the data provided by PIV measurement and computation.
Propagation of partially polarized light through anisotropic media with or without depolarization: A differential 4 × 4 matrix calculus (1978)

We extend the scope of the Mueller calculus to parallel that established by Jones for his calculus. We find that the Stokes vector S of a light beam that propagates through a linear depolarizing anisotropic medium obeys the first-order linear differential equation dS/dz = mS, where z is the distance traveled along the direction of propagation and m is a 4 × 4 real matrix that summarizes the optical properties of the medium which influence the Stokes vector. We determine the differential matrix m for eight basic types of optical behavior, find its form for the most general anisotropic nondepolarizing medium, and determine its relationship to the complex 2 × 2 differential Jones matrix. We solve the Stokes-vector differential equation for light propagation in homogeneous nondepolarizating media with arbitrary absorptive and refractive anisotropy. In the process, we solve the differential-matrix and Mueller-matrix eigenvalue equations. To illustrate the case of inhomogeneous anisotropic media, we consider the propagation of partially polarized light along the helical axis of a cholesteric or twisted-nematic liquid crystal. As an example of depolarizing media, we consider light propagation through a medium that tends to equalize the preference of the state of polarization to the right and left circular states.
Diversity of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus Strains Isolated from Fish, Shellfish, and Other Reservoirs in Northwestern Spain (2000)

A comparison was done of 231 strains of birnavirus isolated from fish, shellfish, and other reservoirs in a survey study that began in 1986 in Galicia (northwestern Spain). Reference strains from all of the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus serotypes were included in the comparison, which was done by neutralization tests and agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the viral genome. The neutralization tests with antisera against the West Buxton, Spajarup (Sp), and Abild (Ab) strains showed that most of the Galician isolates were European types Sp and Ab; however, many isolates (30%) could not be typed. Results from agarose gels did not provided information for grouping of the strains, since all were found to have genomic segments of similar sizes. Analysis of polyacrylamide gels, however, allowed six electropherogroups (EGs) to be differentiated on the basis of genome mobility and separation among segments, and a certain relationship between EGs and serotypes was observed. A wide diversity of electropherotypes was observed among the Galician isolates, and as neutralization tests showed, most of the isolates were included in EGs corresponding to European types Ab and Sp. Only 6.5% of the isolates had the electropherotype characteristic of American strains.
Improved Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique for Determining the Species Composition of Eimeria in Poultry Litter (2006)

An improved polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for determining the species composition of Eimeria in poultry litter was developed by incorporating species-specific internal standards in the assay. Internal standard molecules were prepared by fusing seven different Eimeria species-specific intervening transcribed sequence 1 (ITS1) rDNA primer pairs to a non-Eimeria DNA molecule and by cloning the hybrid DNA molecules into a plasmid. The internal DNA standards were then used in Eimeria-specific ITS 1 PCR, and they were found to be capable of detecting E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. praecox, and E. tenella oocysts isolated directly from poultry litter.
Flow-rate characteristics parameters of pneumatic component (2008)

Flow-rate characteristics of pneumatic component are represented by dasiasonic conductance Cpsila, dasiacritical pressure ratio bpsila, dasiasubsonic index mpsila and dasiacracking pressure ratio apsila as specified by ISO 6593. The 4 parameters are basements for designing, model selecting, simulating, evaluating and comparing pneumatic components and systems, so it is essential to grasp them. But it needs a power source with large capacity and long time to carry out the test. It has a high demand for the test equipment too. In the paper, the 4 parameters detail information are given, including the distribution of C about regulators and solenoid valves; the distribution of b and m about solenoid valves, silencers and other pneumatic products; the test results of opening critical pressure ratio a, and so on. Thus it maybe saves much time and money for the designers, manufacturers and users in using them.