gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of work related trauma on the psychological health of nursing staff: a cross sectional study. (2000)

This study aims to investigate the effects of work-related trauma exposure on the health of nursing staff in hospitals. The survey was conducted using a randomised sample of 314 nurses. Half (52.2%, n = 189) of staff surveyed had multiple exposures to different kinds of trauma. Results on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Beck's Depression Inventory--Revised (BDI-R) suggested that nearly 40% of staff experienced poor health, while nearly 10% experienced moderate to severe depression. Results of the logistic analyses, after adjusting for confounders, suggested that high and long term trauma exposure is detrimental to the mental health of nurses. These findings indicate that hospital nursing staff, in particular those who have high exposure to trauma, are in urgent need of support services such as debriefing and counselling.
Nociceptor-specific gene deletion reveals a major role for Na<sub>v</sub>1.7 (PN1) in acute and inflammatory pain (2004)

Nine voltage-gated sodium channels are expressed in complex patterns in mammalian nerve and muscle. Three channels, Na(v)1.7, Na(v)1.8, and Na(v)1.9, are expressed selectively in peripheral damage-sensing neurons. Because there are no selective blockers of these channels, we used gene ablation in mice to examine the function of Na(v)1.7 (PN1) in pain pathways. A global Na(v)1.7-null mutant was found to die shortly after birth. We therefore used the Cre-loxP system to generate nociceptor-specific knockouts. Na(v)1.8 is only expressed in peripheral, mainly nociceptive, sensory neurons. We knocked Cre recombinase into the Na(v)1.8 locus to generate heterozygous mice expressing Cre recombinase in Na(v)1.8-positive sensory neurons. Crossing these animals with mice where Na(v)1.7 exons 14 and 15 were flanked by loxP sites produced nociceptor-specific knockout mice that were viable and apparently normal. These animals showed increased mechanical and thermal pain thresholds. Remarkably, all inflammatory pain responses evoked by a range of stimuli, such as formalin, carrageenan, complete Freund's adjuvant, or nerve growth factor, were reduced or abolished. A congenital pain syndrome in humans recently has been mapped to the Na(v)1.7 gene, SCN9A. Dominant Na(v)1.7 mutations lead to edema, redness, warmth, and bilateral pain in human erythermalgia patients, confirming an important role for Na(v)1.7 in inflammatory pain. Nociceptor-specific gene ablation should prove useful in understanding the role of other broadly expressed genes in pain pathways.
The Differential Effect of Food Intake and β-Adrenergic Stimulation on Adipose-Derived Hormones and Cytokines in Man (1999)

We determined whether the physiologic changes that accompany food intake or sympathetic activation by beta-adrenergic stimulation result in alterations in the secretion of leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), or interleukin-6 (IL-6) by serially sampling sc abdominal adipose interstitial fluid by open-flow microperfusion before and after a standardized meal and in response to isoproterenol (1 micromol/L) delivered locally. Post cibum IL-6 rose up to 5-fold, whereas leptin and TNF alpha secretion did not change; TNF alpha, but not IL-6, correlated positively with indices of lipolysis. Isoproterenol-induced lipolysis was accompanied by a transient 40% reduction in leptin and a parallel 85% elevation of TNF alpha concentration, whereas IL-6 levels did not change; again, TNF alpha correlated positively with lipolysis. These data show that secretion of some, but not all, metabolically relevant polypeptides by adipose tissue is modulated within a short time frame by food or stress stimuli, suggesting a role of these peptides in local autocrine/paracrine or distant endocrine effects on fat metabolism. TNF alpha's close correlation with lipolysis suggests that this cytokine participates in a local positive autocrine feedback loop, potentiating lipolysis and inhibiting insulin's antilipolytic actions. The regulations of adipose leptin, TNF alpha, and IL-6 secretion seem distinct from each other and different in the fed vs. fasting state.
Efficient Sweeping Algorithm for Multi-Security Mobile Robots (2010)

In this paper, we aim at providing a novel sweeping method for multi-security mobile robots. The sweeping problem of the multi-robots can be modeled as the stick pulling problem in which the swarm robots should sweep unknown terrains in order to remove sticks collaboratively. For the purpose, we define a certain map, what is called stick map. And we suggest how to make swarm robots build up and utilize the map in order to improve the productivity of collaborative removing sticks. Finally, the efficiency of our algorithm is verified with simulation experiments.
A comparison of impedance measurement techniques in air. (1984)

The acoustic impedance of several Helmholtz resonators were measured using two different techniques. The first technique employed the conventional Standing Wave Tube method. The second was the Dual-Microphone Transfer Function of J. Y. Chung and D. A. Blaser. The calculability of the frequency dependent Helmholtz resonator impedance allowed the methods to be compared for both absolute accuracy and relative precision. The average relative precision for the SWT technique was 4.2% while the average for the dual-microphone technique was 18.4%. (Author)
Polysulfurating reagent design for unsymmetrical polysulfide construction (2018)

From life science to material science, to pharmaceutical industry, and to food chemistry, polysulfides are vital structural scaffolds. However, there are limited synthetic methods for unsymmetrical polysulfides. Conventional strategies entail two pre-sulfurated cross-coupling substrates, R-S, with higher chances of side reactions due to the characteristic of sulfur. Herein, a library of broad-spectrum polysulfurating reagents, R-S-S-OMe, are designed and scalably synthesized, to which the R-S-S source can be directly introduced for late-stage modifications of biomolecules, natural products, and pharmaceuticals. Based on the hard and soft acids and bases principle, selective activation of sulfur-oxygen bond has been accomplished via utilizing proton and boride for efficient unsymmetrical polysulfuration. These polysulfurating reagents are highlighted with their outstanding multifunctional gram-scale transformations with various nucleophiles under mild conditions. A diversity of polysulfurated biomolecules, such as SS-(+)-δ-tocopherol, SS-sulfanilamide, SS-saccharides, SS-amino acids, and SSS-oligopeptides have been established for drug discovery and development.
Aptamer affinity ligands in protein chromatography (2017)

The present review deals with the place of single chain oligonucleotide ligands (aptamers) in affinity chromatography applied to proteins. Aptamers are not the only affinity ligands available but they represent an emerging and highly promising route that advantageously competes with antibodies in immunopurification processes. A historical background of affinity chromatography from the beginning of the discipline to the most recent outcomes is first presented. Then the focus is centered on aptamers which represent the last step so far to the long quest for affinity ligands associating very high specificity, availability and strong stability against most harsh cleaning agents required in chromatography. Then technologies of ligand selection from large libraries followed by the most appropriate chemical grafting approaches are described and supported by a number of bibliographic references. Experimental results assembled from relevant published paper are reported; they are selected by their practical applicability and potential use at large scale. The review concludes with specific remarks and future developments that are expected in the near future to turn this technology into a large acceptance for preparative applications.
Spectral-Based Ink Selection for Multiple-Ink Printing I. Colorant Estimation of Original Objects (1998)

Research has been initiated to determine a set of six basis colorants which are the best representation of artwork such as paintings. That is, their spectral information can be accurately reconstructed by linear combinations of the six estimated colorants. Since each painting is possibly created by different colorants, the six estimated colorants are image dependent. The clue leading to the six estimated colorants is the six eigenvectors determined from the corresponding spectral measurements. The relationship between the six eigenvectors and estimated colorants is merely the linear transformation (or geometrical rotation). Based on this faith, a constrained-rotation engine using MATLAB was devised to perform the transformation from the eigenvectors to a set of all-positive vectors as the estimated colorants. Once a set of reasonable colorants is uncovered, this set of colorants can be used to synthesize the original artwork with the least metameric effect between the reproductions and originals.
Taste Sensor (2016)

This chapter reviews the state-of-the-art technology of electronic tongues, mainly by focusing on a taste sensor, that is, an electronic tongue with global selectivity. It first explains the physiological knowledge of taste. The features of electronic tongues based on sensor arrays to measure liquid are low selectivity and high cross-selectivity instead of high selectivity and the capability of statistically analyzing the outputs from multiple sensors. There are two types of commercialized electronic tongue in the world. One is the taste sensing systems SA402B and TS-5000Z, which is usually called the taste sensor, and another is the Astree II e-tongue. In the future, an integrated biosensor system for the five senses will be developed to enable us to quantify the quality (palatability and safety), construct a quality information database, develop a quality description tool of foods, and visualize the five senses.
GHRH and GH secretagogues: clinical perspectives and safety. (2004)

The diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD), as well as the possibility of counteracting somatopause and age-related changes in body composition, structural functions, and metabolism, prompted interest in potential clinical uses of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and GH secretagogues (GHS). GHD often reflects hypothalamic GHRH deficiency and it has been clearly demonstrated that the age-related decline in the function of the GH/IGF-I axis reflects a reduction in hypothalamic function as evidenced by the preservation of the releasable pool of pituitary GH in aged subjects. The effectiveness of recombinant human GH (rhGH) is well established, but it is also recognized that GH replacement does not mimic physiological GH secretion which theoretically would be restored by GHRH and/or GHS. At present, it has been clearly demonstrated that GHRH and/or GHS represent reliable tools for the diagnosis of GHD. On the other hand, neither GHRH nor GHS has been shown to provide effective alternatives to rhGH for the treatment of GHD. Although GHRH and/or GHS represent the most logical approaches for the restoration of the GH/IGF-I axis to a youthful level of activity and for counteracting the somatopause, this hypothesis has never been proven definitively. Conceptually, GHRH replacement would be the most physiological approach and its safety is guaranteed, provided an appropriate dose is used, in order to avoid hyperactivity of the GH/IGF-I axis. However, a long-acting preparation is needed. On the other hand, GHS, e.g., ghrelin analogues, could be considered as a function of their selectivity of action. However, ghrelin has a wide spectrum of endocrine and non-endocrine actions at both central and peripheral levels. Thus, non-selective GHS, although available in orally active forms, could elicit unforeseen side effects. Previous studies with GHRH and/or GHS in aging patients provided encouraging results. However, it still remains to be definitively demonstrated that aged subjects would benefit from chronic treatment with these molecules.
Beyond the skeleton (2008)

Biomaterials play a pivotal role as scaffolding materials in the study of three-dimensional (3D) cell and tissue development and in a variety of bioengineering strategies for the restoration of damaged and malfunctioning tissues. Both in vitro and in vivo (e.g. cell-based therapies) bioengineering strategies deliver cells or a mixture of cells and signaling factors to a target tissue together with an acellular scaffolding material that triggers tissue ingrowth and regeneration. Bioengineering strategies in which tissue-like constructs are produced under controlled conditions are based on 3D lattices as vehicles for the cells that regenerate into the required tissues. Fabrication of engineered tissue is a complicated task, since tissue function is controlled by complex spatially and temporally ordered cues, each of which is the product of a myriad of cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions.
Drug interactions and hormonal contraception (2009)

Abstract Drug interactions with contraceptives are of concern, particularly when steroid metabolism is induced, as this may reduce contraceptive efficacy. The author discusses the prediction of drug interactions and the interpretation of pharmacokinetic interaction studies of combined hormonal contraceptives. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Branched Chain Amino Acid Oxidation in Cultured Rat Skeletal Muscle Cells (1980)

Leucine metabolism in skeletal muscle is linked to protein turnover. Since clofibrate is known both to cause myopathy and to decrease muscle protein content, the present investigations were designed to examine the effects of acute clofibrate treatment on leucine oxidation. Rat skeletal muscle cells in tissue culture were used in these studies because cultivated skeletal muscle cells, like muscle in vivo, have been shown to actively utilize branched chain amino acids and to produce alanine. The conversion of [1-(14)C]leucine to (14)CO(2) or to the [1-(14)C]keto-acid of leucine (alpha-keto-isocaproate) was linear for at least 2 h of incubation; the production of (14)CO(2) from [1-(14)C]leucine was saturable with a K(m) = 6.3 mM and a maximum oxidation rate (V(max)) = 31 nmol/mg protein per 120 min. Clofibric acid selectively inhibited the oxidation of [1-(14)C]leucine (K(i) = 0.85 mM) and [U-(14)C]isoleucine, but had no effect on the oxidation of [U-(14)C]glutamate, -alanine, -lactate, or -palmitate. The inhibition of [1-(14)C]leucine oxidation by clofibrate was also observed in the rat quarter-diaphragm preparation. Clofibrate primarily inhibited the production of (14)CO(2) and had relatively little effect on the production of [1-(14)C]keto-acid of leucine. A physiological concentration-3.0 g/100 ml-of albumin, which actively binds clofibric acid, inhibited but did not abolish the effects of a 2-mM concentration of clofibric acid on leucine oxidation. Clofibrate treatment stimulated the net consumption of pyruvate, and inhibited the net production of alanine. The drug also increased the cytosolic NADH/NAD(+) ratio as reflected by an increase in the lactate/pyruvate ratio, in association with a decrease in cell aspartate levels. The changes in pyruvate metabolism and cell redox state induced by the drug were delayed compared with the nearly immediate inhibition of leucine oxidation. These studies suggest that clofibric acid, in concentrations that approximate high therapeutic levels of the drug, selectively inhibits branched chain amino acid oxidation, possibly at the level of the branched chain keto-acid dehydrogenase.
Chiral Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Asymmetric Trisubstituted Aziridine Synthesis Using α-Diazoacyl Oxazolidinones (2011)

Despite the remarkable advances in catalytic asymmetric aziridinations over the past decades, establishing a general procedure for the stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted aziridines has remained an elusive goal. Chiral N-triflyl phosphoramide-catalyzed reactions of N-α-diazoacyl oxazolidinones and N-Boc imines were developed as a solution to this unmet challenge.
Pathways for internalization and recycling of the chemokine receptor CCR5 (2002)

M-tropic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) strains enter the cell after interaction with their receptors, CD4 and the G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor CCR5. The number of cell surface CCR5 molecules is thought to be important in determining the infection rate for HIV. Cell surface CCR5 is dependent on the rate of receptor internalization and recycling. Internalization of G-protein-coupled receptors after agonist activation is thought to occur either through clathrin-coated pits or through caveolae. In this study, the role of these different pathways was investigated in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing CCR5 using specific inhibitors. Internalization of CCR5 after chemokine treatment was inhibited by sucrose, indicating a role for the clathrin-coated pit pathway. Activation of CCR5 leads to arrestin-2 movement in the cells, providing further evidence for the involvement of clathrin-coated pits. Nystatin and filipin also affected the rate of internalization of CCR5, indicating a role for caveolae. Using inhibitors of vesicle transport in the cell, it was found that the CCR5 recycling pathway is independent of the Golgi apparatus and late endosomes. Protein synthesis is not involved in receptor recovery. It seems likely that after internalization, CCR5 is directed to early endosomes and subsequently recycled to the cell surface.
The Use of the Emu Promoter With Antibiotic and Herbicide Resistance Genes for the Selection of Transgenic Wheat Callus and Rice Plants (1994)

Coding sequences of selectable marker genes were introduced into a plasmid containing the Emu promoter sequence which drives high levels of expression in cereal cells. The selectable markers were those coding for the enzymes neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT*) for kanamycin resistance, hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) for hygromycin resistance, phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) for resistance to the herbicidal compound phosphinothricin, and a mutant acetolactate synthase (ALS) for resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides. Plasmid DNAs were introduced into wheat and rice protoplasts by electroporation. Wheat protoplast-derived callus lines producing NPT and PAT were selected with kanamycin and phosphinothricin respectively. Wheat callus transformed with the gene coding for the mutant ALS was selected with sulfometuron methyl following the bombardment of suspension cultures with DNA-coated microparticles. With rice, transformed plants were regenerated from protoplast-derived cultures selected with kanamycin and hygromycin. Integration of the introduced DNA in transformed rice plants was confirmed by gel blot hybridisation, and significant levels of the NPT enzyme were measured by ELISA in leaves of the primary transformants as well as in leaves, seeds and roots of progeny plants. The results confirm that efficient selection of transformed cereal cultures and plants can be achieved by using selectable genes linked to the Emu promoter.
Advances in complex multiparameter flow cytometry technology: Applications in stem cell research (2009)

Flow cytometry and cell sorting are critical tools in stem cell research. Recent advances in flow cytometric hardware, reagents, and software have synergized to permit the stem cell biologist to more fully identify and isolate rare cells based on their immunofluorescent and light scatter characteristics. Some of these improvements include physically smaller air-cooled lasers, new designs in optics, new fluorescent conjugate-excitation pairs, and improved software to visualize data, all which combine to open up new horizons in the study of stem cells, by enhancing the resolution and specificity of inquiry. In this review, these recent improvements in technology will be outlined and important cell surface and functional antigenic markers useful for the study of stem cells described.
An E.P.R. study of Cr<sup>3+</sup>in C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·COOH·COOK (1989)

It is known that the trivalent chromium has a strong inhibiting effect on the crystal growth of potassium hydrogen phthalate, C6H4·COOH·COOK and abbreviated as KAP, and also strongly influences its morphology. Electron paramagnetic resonance (X-band) has been applied to study Cr3+ in single crystals of this compound. Three different Cr3+ centres have been identified. They have relative concentrations of approximately 6:3:1 and zero field splittings of 52·5, 65·5 and 61 GHz, respectively. All three centres possess no symmetry. From the E.P.R. analysis it is concluded that Cr3+ enters the KAP lattice substitutionally at the K+ site, creating thereby two K+ vacancies. The three centres correspond to three different configurations of the associated vacancies. It is likely that different Cr3+ centres are correlated with particular effects reported in previous crystal growth experiments.
Association of Infection Due to Helicobacter pylori with Specific Upper Gastrointestinal Pathology (1991)

The association of infection with Helicobacter pylori and antral (type B) gastritis now is clear, and the development of sensitive and specific serologic assays for IgA and IgG allows for diagnosis of this infection by noninvasive means. With use of these assays, we studied the association of infection with H. pylori and four other upper gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions: Barrett's esophagus, pernicious anemia (which accompanies type A gastritis), and duodenal and gastric ulcers. H. pylori was present in only 39% of 41 patients with Barrett's esophagus whose gastric biopsy specimens were examined histologically. Each serologic assay correctly categorized 39 (95.1%) of the 41 patients. For both assays the frequency of seropositivity noted for 58 patients with Barrett's esophagus was not different from that noted for age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Among 40 patients with pernicious anemia, the results of assays for IgA and IgG were positive for 17.5% and 0%, respectively; these prevalences were significantly less than the 50% (IgA) and 40% (IgG) positivities noted for matched controls (P less than .01 for each; McNemar's test). Among 57 patients with documented duodenal or gastric ulcers, the results of assays for IgG and IgA were positive for 100% and 98.2%, respectively; these prevalences were significantly higher than the rate noted for matched controls (P less than .001 for duodenal ulcers and P = .02 for gastric ulcers for IgA assay). These data suggest that infection with H. pylori is strongly associated with duodenal and gastric ulcers, negatively associated with pernicious anemia, and independent of Barrett's esophagus.
A tentative algorithm for estimating the glottal waveform with glottal closure information (1999)

It is known that the glottal waveform includes acoustic information on the individuality of speakers, and that the inverse filtering method is useful in extracting glottal waveform from speech signals. In conventional methods, stationary analysis is performed for the duration of a few pitches. Short-time analysis with the drawback of unstable estimation, is performed for one pitch duration. We propose a new method of inverse filtering by using the estimation algorithm for the vocal tract transfer function; the analysis is performed stably for each pitch using the mapping algorithm with the Fejér kernel. The experimental results show reasonable estimation of glottal waveforms. In addition, we investigate the effect of the estimation order and the method of solving the Yule-Walker equation. The experiments are performed for (1) different speakers, and different vowels in different order, and (2) different algorithms such as the TLS and Levinson algorithm. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 82(2): 28–36, 1999