gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An algorithm for a fast two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2002)

The authors present an algorithm for the implementation of the two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT) for 2/sup n/*2/sup n/ data points. This algorithm is based on a recently published fast one-dimensional DCT algorithm. The new algorithm is recursive, fast, and numerically stable. The two-dimensional decomposition in this new algorithm is based on the vector-radix approach. In this approach, the data matrix is partitioned into four subblocks, each of which, after some processing is transformed by a lower order DCT. The results from the lower order transforms are then combined to form the desired two-dimensional DCT. The overall complexity of the new transform is compared in terms of the number of multiplications and additions required to perform the two-dimensional DCT with those of a row/column implementation using the fast one-dimensional transform.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Towards correcting input data errors probabilistically using integrity constraints (2006)

Mobile and pervasive applications frequently rely on devices such as RFID antennas or sensors (light, temperature, motion) to provide them information about the physical world. These devices, however, are unreliable. They produce streams of information where portions of data may be missing, duplicated, or erroneous. Current state of the art is to correct errors locally (e.g., range constraints for temperature readings) or use spatial/temporal correlations (e.g., smoothing temperature readings). However, errors are often apparent only in a global setting, e.g., missed readings of objects that are known to be present, or exit readings from a parking garage without matching entry readings.In this paper, we present StreamClean, a system for correcting input data errors automatically using application defined global integrity constraints. Because it is frequently impossible to make corrections with certainty, we propose a probabilistic approach, where the system assigns to each input tuple the probability that it is correct.We show that StreamClean handles a large class of input data errors, and corrects them sufficiently fast to keep-up with input rates of many mobile and pervasive applications. We also show that the probabilities assigned by StreamClean correspond to a user's intuitive notion of correctness.
V. STATUS AND DISCUSSION (1994)

The Resource objects are used by the operation simply to provide a way in which accelerator resources can be locked. The Resource objects are maintained in a database pre- configured with the available accelerator resources. In some cases, exclusive write access to a resource is required, due either to the nature of the operation or to the nature of the resource. In either case, the resource is marked with the identifier of the operation with exclusive access. Also the host computer of the locking client and client information is kept in this object as well. This is useful for knowing which client on which computer is holding what devices. In general, the identifier of each operation using the resource is kept in the resource object as well as the host computer that the client is located. E. Starting an Operation
Truncation of the cytoplasmic tail of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor prevents agonist-induced uncoupling. (1992)

An agonist-induced change in the functional properties of a constant number of receptors seems to be a ubiquitous phenomenon involved in the regulation of cell surface receptors. Although the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon (called uncoupling or desensitization) have been studied in detail using beta 2-adrenergic receptors it is unclear if the models derived from these studies are applicable to other members of the family of G protein-coupled receptors. Since it has been shown previously that truncation of the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor results in a delay in the onset of agonist-induced uncoupling (Bouvier, M., Hausdorff, W.P., De Blasi, A., O'Dowd, B.F., Kobilka, B.K., Caron , M.G., and Lefkowitz, R.J. (1988) Nature 333, 370-373), we now present experiments designed to test the effects of a similar truncation of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin (LH/CG) receptor on its functional properties. The results presented herein show that (i) clonal lines of human embryonic kidney cells stably transfected with cDNAs encoding for the wild-type (rLHR-wt) or a mutant receptor truncated at amino acid residue 631 (rLHR-t631) express functional LH/CG receptors as judged by their ability to bind hCG and to respond to it with increased cAMP accumulation; (ii) a preincubation of the cells expressing rLHR-wt with hCG leads to a reduction in the ability of hCG to activate adenylylcyclase; and (iii) this reduction is severely blunted in cells expressing rLHR-t631. These results demonstrate that the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of the LH/CG receptor is necessary for agonist-induced uncoupling.
IEEE 802.11ah: The Wi-Fi Approach for M2M Communications (2014)

M2M communications are projected to be one of the fastest growing technology segments of the IT sector in the next years. Sensor and actuator networks connect communication machines and devices so that they automatically transmit information, serving the growing demand for environmental data acquisition. IEEE 802.11ah Task Group addresses the creation of a new standard for giving response to the particular requirements of this type of networks: large number of power-constrained stations, long transmission range, small and infrequent data messages, low data-rates and non-critical delay. This article explores the key features of this new standard under development, especially those related to the reduction of energy consumption in the MAC Layer. In this direction, a performance assessment of IEEE 802.11ah in four typical M2M scenarios has been performed.
Identification of a novel MTOR activator and discovery of a competing endogenous RNA regulating autophagy in vascular endothelial cells (2014)

MTOR, a central regulator of autophagy, is involved in cancer and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Modulating the MTOR signaling balance could be of great significance for numerous diseases. No chemical activators of MTOR have been found, and the urgent challenge is to find novel MTOR downstream components. In previous studies, we found a chemical small molecule, 3-benzyl-5-((2-nitrophenoxy) methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (3BDO), that inhibited autophagy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and neuronal cells. Here, we found that 3BDO activated MTOR by targeting FKBP1A (FK506-binding protein 1A, 12 kDa). We next used 3BDO to detect novel factors downstream of the MTOR signaling pathway. Activation of MTOR by 3BDO increased the phosphorylation of TIA1 (TIA1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding protein/T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen-1). Finally, we used gene microarray, RNA interference, RNA-ChIP assay, bioinformatics, luciferase reporter assay, and other assays and found that 3BDO greatly decreased the level of a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) derived from the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of TGFB2, known as FLJ11812. TIA1 was responsible for processing FLJ11812. Further experiments results showed that FLJ11812 could bind with MIR4459 targeting ATG13 (autophagy-related 13), and ATG13 protein level was decreased along with 3BDO-decreased FLJ11812 level. Here, we provide a new activator of MTOR, and our findings highlight the role of the lncRNA in autophagy.
CARRIER FUNCTION IN ANTI-HAPTEN IMMUNE RESPONSES (1970)

Preimmunization of either guinea pigs or rabbits to bovine gamma globulin (BGG) prepares the animals for markedly enhanced antibody responses to 2,4-dinitrophenyl-BGG (DNP-BGG). This phenomenon is observed both in the primary anti-DNP antibody response to DNP-BGG and in the secondary anti-DNP antibody response to DNP-BGG in animals primed with DNP-ovalbumin (DNP-OVA). The BGG preimmunization is most effective if the antigen is administered as a complete Freund's adjuvant emulsion; in rabbits, a dose of 1 microg of BGG is more effective than a dose of 50 microg, whereas the reverse is true in guinea pigs. Transfusion of homologous anti-BGG sera fails to replace active immunization with BGG in the preparation of animals for these enhanced anti-DNP antibody responses. Both the immunoglobulin class and the average association constant for epsilon-DNP-L-lysine of the anti-DNP antibody produced in these enhanced responses is determined by the mode and time of immunization with haptenic conjugates and is not appreciably influenced by the nature of the carrier preimmunization. These studies indicate that the carrier specificity of hapten-specific anamnestic antibody responses is largely due to the interaction of two independent cell associated recognition units, one specialized for carrier and the other specific for haptenic determinants.
The Friedel−Crafts Allylation of a Prenyl Group Stabilized by a Sulfone Moiety:  Expeditious Syntheses of Ubiquinones and Menaquinones (2003)

An efficient synthetic method for the protected p-hydroquinone compounds 4 containing the C5 trans allylic sulfone moiety has been developed by the direct Friedel-Crafts allylation of the protected dihydroquinone 2 with 4-chloro-2-methyl-1-phenylsulfonyl-2-butene (7a) or 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylsulfonyl-2-butene (7b). Expeditious total syntheses of coenzyme Q-10 and vitamin K2(20) have been demonstrated from these valuable key compounds 4a and 4b.
The composition and the structure of bacterioferritin of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1981)

Bacterioferritin isolated from Escherichia coli is of two kinds: a protein containing a polynuclear iron compound, the bacterioferritin proper and a protein free of the polynuclear iron compound, the apo-bacterioferritin. Bacterioferritin of both kinds is characterized by absorption maxima at 417,530 and 560 nm, contributed by protohaem IX. Single crystals of bacterioferritin of the space group I432 suggest that the molecule is made up of 24 identical subunits related by a cubic point symmetry. The molecular weight of the protein subunit, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, is 15000. In the electron microscope the bacterioferritin molecule appears to be a sphere of 9.5 nm (95 A) diameter composed of a negatively staining outer shell and an inner electron-dense core of 6 nm (60 A) diameter.
A novel sarcoidosis risk locus for Europeans on chromosome 11q13.1 (2012)

Sarcoidosis is a complex inflammatory disease with a heterogeneous clinical picture. Amongst others, an acute and chronic clinical course can be distinguished, for which specific genetic risk factors are known. In order to identify additional risk loci for sarcoidosis and its acute and chronic subforms, we analyzed imputed data from a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) for these phenotypes.
17.8 A 170MHz-Lock-In-Range and −253dB-FoM<sub>jitter</sub> 12-to-14.5GHz Subsampling PLL with a 150µW Frequency-Disturbance-Correcting Loop Using a Low-Power Unevenly Spaced Edge Generator (2020)

This work presents a 12-to-14.5GHz SSPLL, robust to frequency disturbances with a wide lock -in range. The proposed f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> -correcting loop (FCL) generates a new signal of S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">us</sub> with unevenly spaced edges that are adaptively aligned with the zero crossing points of the output signal of the SSPLL, S our (top right of Fig. 17.8.1). Since S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">us</sub> can detect the f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> of S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OUT</sub> more frequently, the lock-in range can be extended. Meanwhile, in the main loop, the original reference clock, S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF</sub> , senses the jitter of S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OUT</sub> as it does conventionally. Consequently, since the role of S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">us</sub> is limited to the detection of f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> events, S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">us</sub> has a relaxed requirement of the jitter, thus requiring only 104W. The FCL monitors S our seamlessly, so f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> can be detected quickly, decreasing the TRA. Since the positions of the edges of S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">us</sub> are realigned adaptively according to the muitiplication factor, M, the resolution of f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> in the SSPLL can be maintained as f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF</sub> .
Fat malassimilation in three cats (1989)

Three cats were thin despite eating well. Steatorrhoea was confirmed in each by 72-hour fat assimilation tests. Fat digestibility in all 3 increased twofold when the diet was supplemented with pancreatic enzymes, suggesting the possibility of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. However, examination of stained faecal smears gave evidence of both maldigestion and malabsorption of fat, without maldigestion of starch, and only one case had indications of protein maldigestion. In the latter cat, fat digestibility normalised with pancreatic enzyme supplementation and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was considered likely. However, at post-mortem examination enteropathy and pancreatitis, but not exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, were found. The cause of fat malassimilation in these cats was unknown. The evaluation of malassimilation in cats is difficult because investigative tests used in other species are either unsuitable or have not been evaluated in cats.
Activation of Mg Acceptor in GaN : Mg with Pulsed KrF (248 nm) Excimer Laser Irradiation (2001)

We report on the activation of Mg acceptors in Mg-doped GaN films, grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, via the use of a pulsed KrF (248 nm) excimer laser irradiation. The as-grown GaN : Mg, which was irradiated by the KrF excimer laser at a laser energy density of 590 mJ/cm2 in a N2 ambient showed a hole concentration of 4.42 × 1017 cm—3. Furthermore the hole concentration in GaN : Mg, which was activated by a conventional rapid thermal annealing, was increased from 4.3 × 1017 to 9.42 × 1017 cm—3 as the result of subsequent laser irradiation. These results suggest that a pulsed KrF excimer laser irradiation can dramatically enhance the p-type conductivity of GaN : Mg by efficiently dissociating the Mg–H complexes.
Role for ATM in DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of BRCA1. (2000)

The human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia is characterized by immunodeficiency, progressive cerebellar ataxia, radiosensitivity, cell cycle checkpoint defects, and cancer predisposition. The gene product [ataxia-telangiectasia mutation (ATM)] mutated in this syndrome is a component of the DNA damage detection pathway. Loss of ATM function in human and mouse cells causes defects in DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint control and, not surprisingly, humans and mice with compromised ATM function are prone to cancers. An excess of breast cancer in the relatives of ataxia-telangiectasia patients has also been reported by epidemiological studies. Predisposition to breast and ovarian cancers is also observed in women with germline mutations in BRCA1, a tumor suppressor gene. BRCA1 is a nuclear protein with a cell cycle-regulated expression pattern and is hyperphosphorylated in response to DNA-damaging agents. Here we show that rapid ionizing radiation-induced in vivo phosphorylation of BRCA1 requires the presence of functional ATM protein. Furthermore, we show that ATM interacts with BRCA1, and this association is enhanced by radiation. We also demonstrate that BRCA1 is a substrate of ATM kinase in vitro and in vivo. Using phospho-specific antibodies against serines 1387, 1423, and 1457 of BRCA1, we demonstrate radiation-induced, ATM-dependent phosphorylation of BRCA1 at these sites. These findings show that BRCA1 is regulated by an ATM-dependent mechanism as a part of the cellular response to DNA damage. This interaction between ATM and BRCA1 argues in favor of the involvement of particular aspects of ATM function in breast cancer predisposition.
Effects of lixisenatide once daily on gastric emptying in type 2 diabetes — Relationship to postprandial glycemia (2013)

In this study, lixisenatide at a dose of 20 μg QD reduced postprandial glycemic excursions in patients with T2DM, possibly as a result of sustained slowing of gastric emptying.
Biocompatible Functionalized Polyglycerol Microgels with Cell Penetrating Properties (2009)

Gels for cells: A new method to produce biocompatible polyglycerol microgel nanoparticles with controllable size (25–100 nm, see picture, top) and a readily functionalizable surface is developed. Fluorescence imaging shows clear evidence for particle uptake by cells through endocytotic pathways and localization of the particles in the perinuclear region. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Cystatin C in cerebrospinal fluid and multiple sclerosis (2006)

The 12.5 kDa CysC isoform is a storage-related artifact and is not useful as a diagnostic marker for MS.
The Effect of Clonixin and Betamethasone on Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis and Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Rats (1972)

The adjuvant arthritic rat (AAR) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitic rat (EAE) are models for studying inflammatory reactions triggered by immunologic processes (1–3). In the AAR the disease manifests itself in a systemic inflammation which can be evaluated by measuring the swelling of the hind paws. In the EAE the inflammation encompasses the myelin sheath which results in hind limb paralysis. Although there are similarities between these two models, the response varies according to the classes of drugs. Anti-inflammatory drugs, both steroidal and nonsteroidal as well as immunosuppressants are active in the AAR while only steroids and immunosuppressants are active in the EAE (4,5).
Radiation efficiency measurements of a thin-film Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting half-loop antenna at 500 MHz (2002)

A 500 MHz half-loop antenna and matching network has been fabricated from a 2 cm by 2 cm thin film of the high-temperature superconductor YBaCuO. The antenna demonstrates a radiation efficiency of 20% compared to 7% for a comparable copper antenna.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polycomb EZH2 controls self-renewal and safeguards the transcriptional identity of skeletal muscle stem cells (2011)

Satellite cells (SCs) sustain muscle growth and empower adult skeletal muscle with vigorous regenerative abilities. Here, we report that EZH2, the enzymatic subunit of the Polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is expressed in both Pax7+/Myf5⁻ stem cells and Pax7+/Myf5+ committed myogenic precursors and is required for homeostasis of the adult SC pool. Mice with conditional ablation of Ezh2 in SCs have fewer muscle postnatal Pax7+ cells and reduced muscle mass and fail to appropriately regenerate. These defects are associated with impaired SC proliferation and derepression of genes expressed in nonmuscle cell lineages. Thus, EZH2 controls self-renewal and proliferation, and maintains an appropriate transcriptional program in SCs.
Vacuum arc deposition devices (2006)

The vacuum arc is a high-current, low-voltage electrical discharge which produces a plasma consisting of vaporized and ionized electrode material. In the most common cathodic arc deposition systems, the arc concentrates at minute cathode spots on the cathode surface and the plasma is emitted as a hypersonic jet, with some degree of contamination by molten droplets [known as macroparticles (MPs)] of the cathode material. In vacuum arc deposition systems, the location and motion of the cathode spots are confined to desired surfaces by an applied magnetic field and shields around undesired surfaces. Substrates are mounted on a holder so that they intercept some portion of the plasma jet. The substrate often provides for negative bias to control the energy of depositing ions and heating or cooling to control the substrate temperature. In some systems, a magnetic field is used to guide the plasma around an obstacle which blocks the MPs. These elements are integrated with a deposition chamber, cooling, vacuum gauges and pumps, and power supplies to produce a vacuum arc deposition system.
Buforin I, a natural peptide, inhibits botulinum neurotoxin B activity in vitro (1999)

Botulinum neurotoxin B (BoNT/B) serotype specifically cleaves between the amino acids glutamine and phenylalanine (Q and F bond) in position 76-77 of synaptobrevin (VAMP2). We evaluated peptides that contain the QF cleavage site but are not identical in primary structure to the VAMP2 sequence surrounding the QF site for both inhibition of BoNT/B proteolytic activity and as substrates for BoNT/B. A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was used to measure digested peptides. A dose as high as 600 microM of substance P, and 11-amino acid peptide containing the QF bond, was neither a substrate nor inhibitor of BoNT/B in our assay, suggesting that more than the QF bond is required to be recognized by BoNT/B. Buforin I (B-I, QF site 24-25) is 39 amino acids in length, and sequence comparison of B-I and VAMP2 indicated a similarity of 18% for conserved amino acids around the QF site. Furthermore, computer-aided secondary structure computations predict alpha-helical structures flanking the QF site for VAMP2 and for the upstream sequence of B-I. Although predictions for the downstream sequence give nearly equal tendencies for alpha-helical and beta-sheet structures, Yi et al. showed that the downstream sequence is likely to be the alpha-helix based on their examination of buforin II (B-II, a 21-amino acid subset of B-I (16-36)), which includes the QF site and the downstream sequence of B-I. Buforin I was found not to be a substrate for BoNT/B; however, B-I dose dependently and competitively inhibited BoNT/B activity, yielding IC(50) = 1 x 10(-6) M. In contrast, B-II was not a substrate for BoNT/B and exhibited only 25% of the B-I inhibition of BoNT/B. Two additional B-I deletion peptides were tested for inhibition of BoNT/B proteolysis: peptide 36 (36 mer; containing B-I amino acids 1-36) and peptide 24 (24 mer; B-I amino acids 16-39). Peptide 24 had a similar inhibitory effect to B-II (ca. 25% of B-I) but peptide 36 was almost 50% as potent as B-I. These findings suggest that the buforin tertiary structure is important for the inhibitory activity of these peptides for BoNT/B.