gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research Focuses Not Only on Where, Why, How of Falls, but Also on Preventing Them (1990)

MOBILITY, strength, and balance may be improved through exercise. One researcher who is interested in the second investigative approach solicited by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (Bethesda, Md) (please see accompanying article on page 2021) is David M. Buchner, MD, associate professor of health services and geriatrics at the University of Washington, Seattle. Buchner wondered if "disuse atrophy of muscles was contributing to falls," especially in community-living adults. In a prospective cohort study of 149 people followed up for 1 year, he and his colleagues found an association between leg strength and falls in men but not in women (<i>Clin Res.</i>In press. Abstract). Given this finding, the next question is, "Will the incidence of falls decrease if leg muscles are strengthened?" As part of the NIH prevention initiative, Buchner and colleagues plan to address this question using an intensive exercise program to boost strength and aerobic capacity. <h3>Centers</h3>
Towards quantifying cascading blackout risk (2007)

Blackouts become widespread by initial failures propa- gating in a diverse and intricate cascade of rare events. We describe this complicated cascade using a bulk probabilistic model in which the initial failures propagate randomly ac- cording to a branching process. The branching process pa- rameters can be statistically estimated from observed data or simulations and then used to efficiently predict the prob- ability distribution of blackout size. We review the cur- rent testing of these methods on simulations and observed data and discuss the next steps towards achieving verified and practical methods for quantifying cascading failure of electric power systems. The ability to efficiently quantify cascading blackout risk from observed data and simulations could offer new ways to monitor power transmission system reliability and quantify the reliability benefit of proposed improvements.
DEMPSTER’S RULE AS SEEN BY LITTLE COLORED BALLS (2012)

Dempster’s rule is traditionally interpreted as an operator for fusing belief functions. While there are different types of belief fusion, there has been considerable confusion regarding the exact type of operation that Dempster’s rule performs. Many alternative operators for belief fusion have been proposed, where some are based on the same fundamental principle as Dempster’s rule, and others have a totally different basis, such as the cumulative and averaging fusion operators. In this article, we analyze Dempster’s rule from a statistical and frequentist perspective and compare it with cumulative and averaging belief fusion. We prove, and illustrate by examples on colored balls, that Dempster’s rule in fact represents a method for serial combination of stochastic constraints. Consequently, Dempster’s rule is not a method for cumulative fusion of belief functions under the assumption that subjective beliefs are an extension of frequentist beliefs. Having identified the true nature of Dempster’s rule, appropriate applications of Dempster’s rule of combination are described such as the multiplication of orthogonal belief functions, and the combination of preferences dictated by different parties.
Anti-Infective Activities of Lactobacillus Strains in the Human Intestinal Microbiota: from Probiotics to Gastrointestinal Anti-Infectious Biotherapeutic Agents (2014)

A vast and diverse array of microbial species displaying great phylogenic, genomic, and metabolic diversity have colonized the gastrointestinal tract. Resident microbes play a beneficial role by regulating the intestinal immune system, stimulating the maturation of host tissues, and playing a variety of roles in nutrition and in host resistance to gastric and enteric bacterial pathogens. The mechanisms by which the resident microbial species combat gastrointestinal pathogens are complex and include competitive metabolic interactions and the production of antimicrobial molecules. The human intestinal microbiota is a source from which Lactobacillus probiotic strains have often been isolated. Only six probiotic Lactobacillus strains isolated from human intestinal microbiota, i.e., L. rhamnosus GG, L. casei Shirota YIT9029, L. casei DN-114 001, L. johnsonii NCC 533, L. acidophilus LB, and L. reuteri DSM 17938, have been well characterized with regard to their potential antimicrobial effects against the major gastric and enteric bacterial pathogens and rotavirus. In this review, we describe the current knowledge concerning the experimental antibacterial activities, including antibiotic-like and cell-regulating activities, and therapeutic effects demonstrated in well-conducted, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials of these probiotic Lactobacillus strains. What is known about the antimicrobial activities supported by the molecules secreted by such probiotic Lactobacillus strains suggests that they constitute a promising new source for the development of innovative anti-infectious agents that act luminally and intracellularly in the gastrointestinal tract.
Ultra-low voltage, ultra-small mode volume silicon microring modulator (2010)

We show GHz modulation in a 2.5 microm radius silicon micro-ring, with only 150 mV peak-peak drive voltage and an electro-optic modal volume of only 2 microm(3). The swing voltage and the micro-ring modulator are the smallest demonstrations so-far in silicon. The presented approach lays the ground work for a new class of high speed low voltage modulators enabling, seamless integration of nanophotonics with low voltage digital CMOS nano-electronics.
Relationships between Knee Valgus, Hip-Muscle Strength, and Hip-Muscle Recruitment during a Single-Limb Step-Down (2009)

Gluteus maximus recruitment might have greater association with reduced knee valgus in women than does external-rotation strength during step-down tasks. Gluteus medius strength might be associated with increased knee valgus.
Broad band monolithic microwave active inductor and application to a miniaturized wide band amplifier (2003)

A broadband monolithic microwave active inductor composed of two FETs and a resistor is proposed. The most significant innovation of the active inductor is considered to be a novel circuit structure which suppresses stray capacitance to yield a much higher-frequency operating range than a spiral inductor. The inductor is small and independent of the inductance value. The FET-oriented configuration allows a denser chip circuitry packing. A 0.1-10-GHz miniaturized wideband amplifier realized using the active inductors is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Growth of carbon doping Ga0.47In0.53As using CBr4 by gas source molecular beam epitaxy for InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor applications (1999)

In this article, we present the comparison of material quality and device performance of gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE)- and metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE)-grown C-doped InGaAs and npn InGaAs/InP heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). The results indicate that the crystal quality of GSMBE-grown samples is comparable to that of MOMBE-grown samples. The GSMBE-grown HBTs show excellent dc and high frequency performance. The dc current gain (β) was 37 at a collector current of 21 mA and the emitter-base and base-collector junction ideality factors were 1.14 and 1.04 indicating good junction properties. For high frequency performance, the fT and fmax are around 108 and 128 GHz for a 4000 Å InGaAs collector with an emitter area of 3×10 μm2. Finally, the thermal stability of C-doped InGaAs and its effects on InP/InGaAs HBT device reliability will be discussed.
Feature Selection and Design of Intrusion Detection System Based on k-Means and Triangle Area Support Vector Machine (2010)

Nowadays, challenged by malicious use of network and intentional attacks on personal computer system, intrusion detection system has become an indispensible and infrastructural mechanism for securing critical resource and information. Most current intrusion detection systems focus on hybrid supervised and unsupervised machine learning technologies. The related work has demonstrated that they can get superior performance than applying single machine learning algorithm in detection model. Besides, with the scrutiny of related works, feature selecting and representing techniques are also essential in pursuit of high efficiency and effectiveness. Performance of specified attack type detection should also be improved and evaluated. In this paper, we incorporate information gain (IG) method for selecting more discriminative features and triangle area based support vector machine (TASVM) by combining k-means clustering algorithm and SVM classifier to detect attacks. Our system achieves accuracy of 99.83%, detection rate of 99.88% and false alarm rate of 2.99% on the 10% of KDD CUP 1999 evaluation data set. We also achieve a better detection performance for specific attack types concerning precision and recall.
The ubiquitin–proteasome system in cardiovascular diseases—a hypothesis extended (2003)

During recent years, the ubiquitin-proteasome system has become known as the major pathway of non-lysosomal degradation of intracellular proteins, involving two sequential steps. In the first step, multiple moieties of ubiquitin are covalently bound to target proteins to be recognized and degraded by the multi-enzymatic proteasome complex in the second step. In addition to the elimination of damaged and unneeded proteins, this system fulfills an important function in the regulation of cellular mediators in various biological pathways. Foremost, these biological pathways include inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, all of which constitute important characteristics of atherosclerosis. Indeed, recent experimental evidence supports a potential involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the initiation, progression, and complication stage of atherogenesis. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the ubiquitin-proteasome system in cardiovascular diseases and discusses the potential use of proteasome inhibitors in cardiovascular therapy.
High definition 10μm pitch InGaAs detector with asynchronous laser pulse detection mode (2016)

In recent years SCD has developed InGaAs/InP technology for Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) imaging. The first product, Cardinal 640, has a 640x512 (VGA) format at 15μm pitch, and more than a thousand units have already been delivered. We now present Cardinal 1280, having the smallest pitch available today (10μm), with a 1280x1024 (SXGA) format. Cardinal 1280 addresses both long-range daylight imaging, and passive or active imaging in Low Light Level (LLL) conditions. The Readout Integrated Circuit supports snapshot imaging at 13 bit resolution with a frame rate of 160Hz at full format, or a frame rate of 640Hz with 2x2 binning. It also has a Low Noise Imaging (LNIM) mode with 35ereadout noise with internal Correlated Double Sampling (CDS). An asynchronous Laser Pulse Detection (ALPD) mode is implemented with 2x2 binning in parallel to SWIR imaging (with 10 μm resolution). The new 10 μm pixel is sensitive down to the visible (VIS) spectrum, with a typical dark current of ~ 0.5fA at 280K, and a quantum efficiency >80% at 1550nm. The Focal Plane Array is integrated into a ruggedized, high vacuum integrity, metallic package, with a Thermo- Electric Cooler (TEC) for optimized performance, and a high grade Sapphire window. In this paper we will present the architecture and preliminary measurement results.
Single bit sigma-delta modulator with nonlinear quantization for µ-law coding (1997)

This paper presents a 1st order sigma-delta-modulator with µ-law coding for dynamic compression of audio signals. The nonlinearity is located in the feedback loop of the modulator and does not require an internal multibit A/D converter. The modulator requires just one opamp, one comparator, and a minimum of digital logic to generate a four bit feedback and to ensure a stable operation. The µ-law-function for µ=255 is approximated by a standardised piecewise linear 16 segment function which is commonly used in telecommunication. The chip has been designed and fabricated in a standard 1.5µm n-well CMOS process, occupies a die area of 2 mm2, and has been successfully tested.
Effect of Bile Acids on the Intestinal Absorption of Endotoxin in Rats (1969)

The absorption of tritium-labeled Escherichia coli O89 Westphal-type endotoxin from the peritoneal cavity of rats was diminished by bile by 23% and by sodium deoxycholate by 47%, respectively. Practically, there is no endotoxin absorption from the intestinal tract of normal rats. The bile duct of rats was chronically cannulated for experimental purposes. A significant amount of perorally administered endotoxin absorbed from the intestinal canal into the blood in the rats treated thus. Absorption was demonstrated by the lethal effect of endotoxin on rats previously hypersensitized by lead acetate, and by the radioactivities found in the blood samples. The intestinal absorption of endotoxin in rats, rendered bile-deficient, may be prevented by sodium deoxycholate. Supported by their experimental findings, we emphasize the important role of bile acids in the defense mechanism of the macroorganism against bacterial endotoxins.
3′‐Mercapto‐2′,3′‐dideoxynucleotides are high effective terminators of DNA synthesis catalyzed by HIV reverse transcriptase (1992)

Four 3'-mercapto-2',3'-dideoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates (A, G, C and T) were tested as DNA chain terminator substrates for calf thymus alpha-DNA polymerase, E. coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and reverse transcriptases of AMV, HIV and MLV viruses. It was shown that the analogues selectively and irreversibly terminated DNA chain elongation by AMV and HIV reverse transcriptases and the terminal transferase. Other DNA polymerases tested did not use the nucleotide analogues as chain terminator substrate.
Magnetic properties of novel epitaxial films (invited) (1987)

The surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) is used to explore the magnetism of ultra thin Fe films extending into the monolayer regime. Both bcc α-Fe and fcc γ-Fe single-crystalline, multilayer films are prepared on the bulk-terminated (1×1) structures of Au(100) and Cu(100), respectively. The characterizations of epitaxy and growth mode are performed using low-energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy. Monolayer range Fe/Au(100) is ferromagnetic with a lower Curie temperature than bulk α-Fe. The controversial γ-Fe/Cu(100) system exhibits a striking, metastable, surface magnetic phase at temperatures above room temperature, but does not exhibit bulk ferromagnetism.
Confidence measures for the SWITCHBOARD database (2002)

There is increasing interest in systems which attempt to automate a task or a transaction using speech input and output. To function effectively with imperfect speech recognition, such systems require an estimate of which words in the output from the recogniser are likely to be correct and which can probably be disregarded as incorrect, i.e. a confidence-measure for each decoded word. We define a measure for evaluating the effectiveness of a post-classifier which estimates confidence-measures, and describe the development of a post-classifier for words decoded from the SWITCHBOARD database, which uses statistics derived from a Viterbi decoder. Without any grouping of the decoded word-classes, the post-classifier increased the probability of deciding whether a decoded word was correct or incorrect by 32%. When grouping was used, longer words showed an improvement of 65%.
Closed-loop insulin delivery for treatment of type 1 diabetes (2011)

Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common endocrine problems in childhood and adolescence, and remains a serious chronic disorder with increased morbidity and mortality, and reduced quality of life. Technological innovations positively affect the management of type 1 diabetes. Closed-loop insulin delivery (artificial pancreas) is a recent medical innovation, aiming to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia while achieving tight control of glucose. Characterized by real-time glucose-responsive insulin administration, closed-loop systems combine glucose-sensing and insulin-delivery components. In the most viable and researched configuration, a disposable sensor measures interstitial glucose levels, which are fed into a control algorithm controlling delivery of a rapid-acting insulin analog into the subcutaneous tissue by an insulin pump. Research progress builds on an increasing use of insulin pumps and availability of glucose monitors. We review the current status of insulin delivery, focusing on clinical evaluations of closed-loop systems. Future goals are outlined, and benefits and limitations of closed-loop therapy contrasted. The clinical utility of these systems is constrained by inaccuracies in glucose sensing, inter- and intra-patient variability, and delays due to absorption of insulin from the subcutaneous tissue, all of which are being gradually addressed.
Isolation and Developmental Expression of Tyrosinase Family Genes in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (2003)

The tyrosinase family of genes in vertebrates consists of three related members encoding melanogenic enzymes, tyrosinase (Tyr), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1, Tyrp1) and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (Dct, TRP-2, Tyrp2). These proteins catalyze melanin production in pigment cells and play important roles in determining vertebrate coloration. This is the first report examining melanogenic gene expression in pigment cells during embryonic development of amphibians. Xenopus provides a useful experimental system for analyzing molecular mechanisms of pigment cells. However, in this animal little information is available not only about the developmental expression but also about the isolation of pigmentation genes. In this study, we isolated homologues of Tyr, Tyrp1 and Dct in Xenopus laevis (XlTyr, XlTyrp1, and XlDct). We studied their expression during development using in situ hybridization and found that all of them are expressed in neural crest-derived melanophores, most of which migrate through the medial pathway, and in the developing diencephalon-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Further, XlDct was expressed earlier than XlTyr and XlTyrp1, which suggests that XlDct is the most suitable marker gene for melanin-producing cells among them. XlDct expression was detected in migratory melanoblasts and in the unpigmented RPE. In addition, the expression of XlDct was detected in the pineal organ. The sum of these studies suggests that expression of the tyrosinase family of genes is conserved in pigment cells of amphibians and that using XlDct as a marker gene for pigment cells will allow further study of the developmental mechanisms of pigment cell differentiation using Xenopus.
Amidopyrine and Pernicious Anaemia (1941)

MEDICAL MEMORANDAEDICAL URNAL199days after a dose of diphtheria toxin-antitoxin.Vaughan and Pipes (1936) described a case very similar to the present one in which a severe reaction was caused by 0.1 c.cm. of anti-tetanic serum given intradermally.An interesting feature of our case was the rapidly spreading inflammation of lymphatic vessels and glands draining ;he site of injection.It is obvious that such a reaction must be due to the presence of some substance flowing along the lymphatic which causes dilatation of the surrounding capillaries as it travels.Whether this substance is the actual serum injected or some tissue product is unknown, but it is interesting to realize that 0.02 c.cm. of serum intra- dermally can produce such an intense and prolonged lymphangitis as was observed. SummaryA case of allergic shock after the intradermal injection of horse serum is described in a youth aged 18, who was also sensitive to poison ivy, pollen, and salmon protein.A severe systemic reaction was induced by as little as 0.02 c.cm. of serum given intradermally.The case emphasizes the importance of skin-testing before the therapeutic use of serum, particularly in patients with a family or personal history of allergic disease.
Exploiting Partially Reconfigurable FPGAs for Situation-Based Reconfiguration in Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are typically composed of very small, battery-operated devices (sensor nodes) containing simple microprocessors with few computational resources. However, the rapidly increasing popularity of WSNs has placed increased computational demands upon these systems, due to increasingly complex operating environments and enhanced data-sensing technology. Whereas introducing more powerful microprocessors into sensor nodes addresses these demands, sensor nodes do not contain sufficient energy reserves to support these microprocessors. In this paper, we present a partially reconfigurable FPGA-based architecture and methodology to provide increased WSN flexibility and computational resources, resulting in superior power consumption and performance compared to a microprocessor capable of satisfying similar demands.
High‐gain printed dipole antenna (2005)

Abstract A printed dipole antenna showing high gain (about 6.8 dBi) radiation in the azimuthal plane is presented. The dipole antenna has a narrow width of 10 mm and a total length of about 202 mm (with 1.64 wavelengths of the frequency at 2442 MHz, the center frequency of the 2.4‐GHz WLAN band). In each one of the two radiating arms of the dipole antenna, a meandered line is inserted as a phase‐reversal device. With this arrangement, the proposed dipole antenna performs as a collinear array antenna with three in‐phase half‐wavelength radiating elements, leading to constructive radiation in the azimuthal plane and small side lobes in the elevation plane. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 214–218, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20948
Oncogenes in the study of endothelial cell growth and differentiation. (1994)

During embryogenesis endothelial cells differentiate from mesodermal blood islands, proliferate and form new blood vessels throughout embryonic and early postnatal life by the processes of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Proliferation then ceases and is very low in the adult, although it resumes under certain physiological and pathological conditions, such as wound healing, tumor growth and hemangiomatous diseases. Expression of the polyoma middle T (PymT) oncogene in mouse endothelial cells leads to their rapid transformation and to the development of hemangiomas. These endothelial tumors allow the establishment of endothelioma (End) cell lines, which resemble normal endothelial cells yet exhibit a drastically altered proteolytic activity. The specific effects of PymT on the growth of endothelial cells appear in part to be mediated through the activation of cellular tyrosine kinases.