gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of 150 cases of life-threatening digitalis intoxication with digoxin-specific Fab antibody fragments. Final report of a multicenter study. (1990)

One hundred fifty patients with potentially life-threatening digitalis toxicity were treated with digoxin-specific antibody fragments (Fab) purified from immunoglobulin G produced in sheep. The dose of Fab fragments was equal to the amount of digoxin or digitoxin in the patient's body as estimated from medical histories or determinations of serum digoxin or digitoxin concentrations. The youngest patient received Fab fragments within several hours of birth, and the oldest patient was 94 years old. Seventy-five patients (50%) were receiving long-term digitalis therapy, 15 (10%) had taken a large overdose of digitalis accidentally, and 59 (39%) had ingested an overdose of digitalis with suicidal intent. The clinical response to Fab was unspecified in two cases, leaving 148 patients who could be evaluated. One hundred nineteen patients (80%) had resolution of all signs and symptoms of digitalis toxicity, 14 (10%) improved, and 15 (10%) showed no response. After termination of the Fab infusion, the median time to initial response was 19 minutes, and 75% of the patients had some evidence of a response by 60 minutes. There were only 14 patients with adverse events considered to possibly or probably have been caused by Fab; the most common events were rapid development of hypokalemia and exacerbation of congestive heart failure. No allergic reactions were identified in response to Fab treatment. Of patients who experienced cardiac arrest as a manifestation of digitalis toxicity, 54% survived hospitalization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Macrocyclic Diterpenes. α- and β-4,8,13-Duvatriene-1,3-diols from Tobacco<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMacrocyclic Diterpenes. α- and β-4,8,13-Duvatriene-1,3-diols from Tobacco1Donald L. Roberts and R. L. RowlandCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 11, 3989–3995Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01058a056https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01058a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Visual attention for efficient high-fidelity graphics (2005)

High-fidelity rendering of complex scenes at interactive rates is one of the primary goals of computer graphics. Since high-fidelity rendering is computationally expensive, perceptual strategies such as visual attention have been explored to achieve this goal. In this paper we investigate how two models of human visual attention can be exploited in a selective rendering system. We examine their effects both individually, and in combination, through psychophysical experiments to measure savings in computation time while preserving the perceived visual quality for a task-related scene. We adapt the lighting simulation system Radiance to support selective rendering, by introducing a selective guidance system which can exploit attentional processes using an importance map. Our experiments demonstrate that viewers performing a visual task within the environment consistently fail to notice the difference between high quality and selectively rendered images, computed in a significantly reduced time.
Overview of aluminum alloy mechanical properties during and after fires (2015)

Abstract Aluminum alloys are increasingly being used in a broad spectrum of load-bearing applications such as lightweight structures, light rail, bridge decks, marine crafts, and off-shore platforms. A major concern in the design of land-based and marine aluminum structures is fire safety, at least in part due to mechanical property reduction at temperatures significantly lower than that for steel. A substantial concern also exists regarding the integrity and stability of an aluminum structure following a fire; however, little research has been reported on this topic. This paper provides a broad overview of the mechanical behavior of aluminum alloys both during and following fire. The two aluminum alloys discussed in this work, 5083-H116 and 6061-T651, were selected due to their prevalence as lightweight structural alloys and their differing strengthening mechanisms (5083 – strain hardened, 6061 – precipitation hardened). The high temperature quasi-static mechanical and creep behavior are discussed. A creep model is presented to predict the secondary and tertiary creep strains followed by creep rupture. The residual mechanical behavior following fire (with and without applied stress) is elucidated in terms of the governing kinetically-dependent microstructural mechanisms. A review is provided on modeling techniques for residual mechanical behavior following fire including empirical relations, physically-based constitutive models, and finite element implementations. The principal objective is to provide a comprehensive description of select aluminum alloys, 5083-H116 and 6061-T651, to aid design and analysis of aluminum structures during and after fire.
Phospholipid vesicles interfere with the binding of antibody fragments to the light chain of factor VIII (2005)

Factor VIII binds to phospholipid membranes through the C2 domain (S2173-Y2332). Residues M2199, F2200, L2251, L2252, V2223, W2313 and V2314 at the tips of beta-hairpins and loops are thought to contribute to phospholipid membrane binding. Similarly, residues in the C2 domain of the homologous protein factor V forma phospholipid binding site, but residues in the A3 and C1 domains are also thought to contribute to membrane binding. Phage display technology was previously used to isolate factor VIII light chain specific single-chain variable domain fragments (scFv) from patients with factor VIII inhibitors. Phospholipid vesicles inhibited the binding of factor VIII to scFvs WR1 and WR16 (epitope : E2181-M2199) with half saturation values of 23 and 47 muM respectively. The single point mutant F2200A factor VIII light chain bound to WR1 and WR16 with a much lower affinity than wild type protein suggesting that residue F2200 is also included in the epitopes of these scFvs. Binding of factor VIII to C2-specific scFvs WR13 and EL14 (epitope : K2207-M2321) was not inhibited by phospholipid vesicles. Consistent with this, F2200A factor VIII light chain bound to these scFvs with the same affinity as the wild type protein. However, phospholipid vesicles also inhibited the binding of factor VIII to the A3-C1-specific scFvs KM36 (epitope : Q1778-D1840) and KM38 (epitope : S1690-N1777 and/or V1841-N2172) with half saturation values of 84 and 165 microM, respectively, suggesting that the A3 and/or C1 domains may contribute to membrane binding of the cofactor.
Enhancement of Band Edge Emission from ZnS/Zn(OH) <sub>2</sub> Quantum Dots (2001)

ZnS and Zn(OH)2 capped ZnS semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been synthesized by the colloidal chemical method using inorganic reagents. Transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction results have shown that the monodispersed ZnS QDs have a diameter of 1-5 nm and the wurtzite structure. The polarities of the precursors and surfactant solvents have shown strong effects on the properties of the photoluminescence for ZnS QDs. For ZnS QDs capped with a wider band gap Zn(OH)2 shell, the surface trap states were passivated and hence the band-edge emissions have been enhanced.
Nanotribology: Friction on a nanometer scale (1993)

The submicrometer length scale is mostly beyond the resolution of classical tribometers. The Scanning Force and Friction Microscope operated as a nanotribometer is a suitable tool for the investigation of nanotribological properties. The Scanning Force and Friction Microscope measures simultaneously forces normal and parallel to the sample surface with a resolution down to the atomic scale. The setup of a Scanning Force Microscope based nanotribometer, its calibration and the methods for quantitative data analysis are discussed. It is shown that a two-dimensional histogram analysis yields quantitative data on the distribution of the indium on a nanometer scale. The concepts are applied to the analysis of a silicon oxide surface with indium clusters are discussed. The chemical sensitivity of the Scanning Force and Friction Microscope operated under ambient condition makes this instrument a promising candidate for a standardized tool in nanotribology.
Floorplanning optimization with trajectory piecewise-linear model for pipelined interconnects (2004)

Interconnect pipelining has a great impact on system performance, but has not been considered by automatic floorplanning. Consid-ering interconnect pipelining, we study the floorplanning optimiza-tion problem to minimize system CPI (cycles per instruction) and in turn maximize system performance. We develop an efficient table-based model called trajectory piece-wise linear (TPWL) model to estimate CPI with interconnect pipelining. Experiments show that the TPWL model differs from cycle-accurate simulations by less than 3.0%. We integrate this model with a simulated-annealing based floorplan optimization to obtain CPI-aware floorplanning. Compared to the conventional floorplanning to minimize area and wire length, our CPI-aware floorplanning can reduce CPI by up to 28.6% with a small area overhead of 5.69% under 100nm technol-ogy and obtain better results under 70nm technology. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first in-depth study on floorplan-ning optimization with consideration of interconnect pipelining.
Selective Neuronal Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein with Cytomegalovirus Promoter Reveals Entire Neuronal Arbor in Transgenic Mice (1998)

In simple nervous systems, identified groups of neurons can be studied in depth. To allow the same advantage in the mammalian brain, we have generated green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice in which only a few types of neurons are strongly labeled with a fluorescent molecule, which the neurons synthesize internally, allowing the cells, their dendrites, filopodia, and axons to be identified in both living and fixed CNS, in slices and culture. The same neurons, with GFP expression controlled by part of the major immediate early promoter of human cytomegalovirus (CMV), show GFP beginning early in development, from one generation to the next, allowing cellular and physiological studies of axonal and dendritic growth, fate mapping, anatomical connections, and synapse formation in identified neurons. The human CMV promoter sequence we used was different from that used in previous work with other reporter genes and gave a dramatically different pattern of expression. Two transgenic lines with the same CMV promoter show similar anatomical patterns of expression in the present study. Strong GFP labeling was found in a subpopulation of mossy fibers that innervated parasagittal bands in the cerebellar cortex and olfactory axons that projected into the olfactory bulb, subsets of motoneurons and dorsal root ganglion cells, granule but not mitral cells of the olfactory bulb, and a group of neurons in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. A novel type of neuron was strongly labeled in the olfactory bulb external plexiform layer. In normal brains, CMV does not constitute a threat, but in the developing brain, CMV can cause debilitating neurodegeneration and death; studies using the CMV promoter aid in understanding the affinity of CMV that has been suggested for specific brain regions.
Voting with Witnesses: A Constistency Scheme for Replicated Files. (1986)

Voting schemes ensure the consistency of replicated files by disallowing all read and write requests that cannot collect an appropriate quorum of copies. This procedure requires a minimum number of three copies to be of any practical use and tends to disallow a relatively high number of read and write requests. We propose to replace some of these copies by mere records of the current state of the file. These records, called witnesses, will be assigned weights and participate to the collection of quorums. We show, that under very general assumptions, the reliability of a replicated file consisting ofn copies andm witnesses is the same as the reliability of a replicated file consisting of n + m copies. We also compare the availability of a replicated file consisting of two copies and one witness with that of a file having three copies and show that, under normal circumstances, the two files have similar availabilities.
Solubility of Crystalline Polymers. II. Polyethylene Fractions Crystallized From Dilute Solutions (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility of Crystalline Polymers. II. Polyethylene Fractions Crystallized From Dilute SolutionsJ. F. Jackson and L. MandelkernCite this: Macromolecules 1968, 1, 6, 546–554Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60006a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60006a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views401Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An innovative dynamic bus lane system and its simulation-based performance investigation (2009)

The strategy of exempting bus from other traffic through exclusive bus lanes (XBL) is prevalent. Rather than just deploying the XBL system, in this study, a new innovative dynamic bus lane (DBL) operation system which is expected to be more productive is initially introduced. Unlike conventional studies which are mainly focused on operational performance of buses, this study attempts to examine the influences on buses and adjacent traffic following the provision of both XBL and the new system. Impact measurements in terms of travel time and traffic conflicts changes are used as assessment indicators. Comparisons with the exclusive bus lane system as well as the mixed traffic flow are analyzed and highlighted through the application of micro-simulation approach. Simulation results showed that both XBL and DBL have positive impact on buses and negative impact on adjacent traffic. Traffic conflicts frequency will increase if either bus lane system is applied. Also it is found that DBL performs better than XBL in terms of achieving the goal of bus operation improvement while limited the performance deterioration to other vehicles and conflicts risks in a relative lower magnitude. Results also suggest the necessity of selecting the optimal strategies according to the tradeoff between the operational performance and safety performance under different traffic conditions.
Health effects of phenoxy herbicides. A review. (1986)

A review of epidemiological studies on the health effects of exposure to phenoxy herbicides suggests that exposure may be associated with an increased incidence of cancer and unfavorable outcomes of pregnancy. Studies on cancer have found increased risks of 5.3, 6.8 and 3.96 for soft-tissue sarcoma, 7.7 and 6.0 for stomach cancer, 2.05 for lung cancer, 4.8 for lymphoma, 2.3 for all cancers combined, and 5.2 for liver cancer after exposure to 2,4,5-T or dioxin contaminants. Several studies have suggested a possible increase in birth defects after paternal exposure. An increased risk of hydatidiform mole is suggested by Vietnamese studies on the effects of maternal exposure.
Comparative Study of the Flesh Quality of Clarias gariepinus in Farm-raised and Wild Populations (2019)

Aim. Nutrients analysis of wild and farmed raised African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) were studied. The comparative work was carried out to find out if habitat could affect the nutrient composition of the fish. Study design: Five live C. gariepinus were obtained for three wild location and three fish farm each (n=30). One-way analysis of variance was use to examine the nutrients composition across the study locations. Methodology: Five individual fishes were randomly selected from the forty individuals in a population obtained from six locations. They were sacrificed and cut into three (tail, middle and trunk) chunks. These were oven dried at a constant temperature of 105ºC using oven model LCON53CF. The samples were later blend using electric blender and kept in airtight nylon for further analysis. Standard methods were employed in the analysis of body nutrients. Results: A significant difference was observed in proximate composition of C. gariepinus on dry matter bases. The moisture and lipids content were lower in wild C. gariepinus (5.16±0.07;15.27+0.08%) than farm raised (5.25±0.10%;18.54+0.08%). The average protein and ash contents in farm-raised C. gariepinus were significantly (p<0.05) lower (66.23+0.08%; 5.00+0.07%) than wild C. gariepinus (67.24+0.09%;9.06+0.07%). Organoleptic study revealed differences in taste between wild and farm raised C. gariepinus (p<0.05). The amino acids profile showed little disparity in quantity in wild and farm raised C. gariepinus. No significant difference (p>0.05) was noticed in the mean values of amino acids in wild (4.21) and farmed raised (4.16) C. gariepinus. The percentage of saturated fatty acids was higher (56.24%) in farmed raised C. gariepinus than the wild stocks (44.53%) unlike the unsaturated fatty acids that was higher in wild (79.46%) than the farmed raised (54.03%). Conclusion: The study revealed that wild fish possess some nutritional advantages over the culture C. gariepinus.
Sympathetic innervation alters activation of pacemaker current (<i>I</i><sub>f</sub>) in rat ventricle (2000)

Pacemaker current (If) exists in both neonatal and adult ventricles, but activates at more negative voltages in the adult. This study uses whole-cell patch clamp to investigate the factors that may contribute to the maturational shift of If, comparing neonatal rat ventricular myocytes that were cultured for 4-6 days either alone, in co-culture with sympathetic nerves, or with neurotransmitters chronically present in culture. If recorded from nerve-muscle co-cultures had a significantly more negative and shallower activation-voltage relation than that from control muscle cultures, which was reflected in the midpoint potential (V50) and slope factor (K) of activation. This effect of innervation was prevented by the sustained presence in the culture of the alpha1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin (Pz) at 10(-7) M. In parallel experiments, myocytes treated with noradrenaline (NA) at 10(-7) M or neuropeptide Y (NPY) at 10(-7) M during culture had the same If activation as control cells, but cells treated with NA and NPY together had a significantly more negative and shallower activation curve. Maximum conductance and reversal potential were unchanged. The effect of chronic exposure to NA + NPY was prevented by the sustained presence of either Pz or the NPY Y2 selective antagonist T4-[NPY(33-36)]4 (3.5 x 10(-7) M) in the culture, indicating a requirement for both alpha1-adrenergic and NPY Y2 activation. Substituting NA with the alpha1A-adrenergic selective agonist A61603 (5(-10) x 10(-9) M), in the presence of NPY, did not alter If, suggesting the involvement of alpha1B- rather than alpha1A-adrenoceptors. Further, sequential exposure to NPY followed by NA was effective in reproducing the action of chronic simultaneous exposure to these agonists, but sequential exposure to NA followed by NPY was ineffective. The results are consistent with past studies indicating that NPY affects the functional expression of the alpha1B-adrenergic cascade and suggest that sympathetic innervation induces a negative shift of If in ventricle via a combined action at alpha1B-adrenergic and NPY Y2 receptors. This effect of innervation probably contributes to the developmental maturation of If activation.
The light within (2017)

Abstract This paper contributes to the study of religious metaphor by combining discourse analysis with cognitive semantics. In particular, it engages in a diachronic study of 30 pamphlets written by British Quakers and addressed to the general public to investigate the consistency of metaphor use in that genre across three and a half centuries. Consistency is seen as metaphors recording the same source domains and/or scenarios and/or lexical realisations across time, with maximum consistency meeting all three criteria. Utilising the notions of genre and discourse community along with metaphor domains and scenarios, the analysis shows that among 19 metaphor domains that occur in texts from at least two different centuries, just under 60 per cent are highly or maximally consistent, with domains of maximum consistency being the largest group. The changing purposes of the pamphlet genre and the evolving social and historical contexts do not diminish this long-term metaphor consistency. This overall finding is explained with recourse to the dual-processing/representation theory of religious cognition, which posits a difference between theological and basic everyday representations and processing of God concepts. Quakerism shows an overall lack of abstract theology, with Quakers instead establishing various metaphors for God to express their lived experience of the divine. The remarkable consistency of metaphors in Quaker pamphlets suggests that Quakerism makes God concepts intuitively meaningful and relevant.