gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphosilicate glass flow for integrated optics (1980)

We have carried out an investigation of the use of phosphosilicate glass (PSG) flow for integrated optical circuits. PSG layers of thicknesses ranging from 4 to 22 μm were chemically vapor deposited on V-grooves in silicon substrates having a depth of 175 μm. The effect on the flow of (1) P2O5 concentration in PSG layers (5–10 mol %), (2) ambient during flow (dry O2, wet O2, POCl3, and wet N2), (3) temperature (1000°–1200°C) and (4) time (30–120 min) of the process has been determined. The extent of flow, as measured by curvature of the rounded corners, has been plotted against PSG layer thickness and reflow time. Radii of curvature up to 36 μm through 70° bends have been measured.
Perceptual Systems for Robots (1984)

This review presents a sampling of recent research on the design of perceptual systems for robots, with special emphasis on pattern recognition based on an array of touch sensors, and optic flow techniques for depth extraction and navigation based on a sequence visual images. It not only presents specific work in machine vision, machine touch and robotics, but also illuminates what we believe to be general principles for the design of perceptual systems for an animal, or human, as well as for a robot.
siRNA Modifications and Sub-Cellular Localization: A Question of Intracellular Transport? (2008)

RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionary conserved post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism, in which double stranded RNA effector molecules trigger the degradation of complementary mRNA transcripts. The use of RNAi to reduce gene expression with high specificity and ready availability is a powerful tool for reverse genetics and provides great therapeutic potential for targeting diseases caused by the expression of a deleterious gene or mutant allele, e.g. cancer and viral infections. Besides the known preferences of the RNAi technique, there is a need for the development of improved small double stranded silencing triggers with long lasting silencing activity and maximum specificity. The introduction of chemically modified nucleotides into short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is currently the method of choice. In this review, we summarize the effects of various modifications on siRNA sub-cellular localization and silencing activity, discuss ideal chemical modifications and positions within siRNAs suited for their use in medical therapies and present a new perspective to study siRNA mediated silencing in vivo by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) to further improve RNAi-based pharmaceuticals.
Real-Time PCR Assay Provides Reliable Assessment of Intrapartum Carriage of Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (2010)

The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of the real-time PCR assay for determining the group B Streptococcus (GBS) status of women in labor. In this prospective study we compared the results of culture and PCR testing of vaginal and rectal samples collected by nursing staff when women were in labor. Patients' charts were also reviewed to obtain relevant information about pregnancy risk factors. Our results demonstrated a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 90.5%, 96.1%, 86.4%, and 97.4%, respectively, for rapid PCR. Of the 196 women evaluated, 29 (14.8%) presented with unknown GBS status, 11 (37.9%) of whom received unnecessary intrapartum antibiotics. The rapid real-time PCR test was robust and was able to reliably detect the presence of GBS in women in labor within 1 h of specimen submission to the laboratory. We recommend that the rapid PCR test be targeted to women who present in labor with unknown GBS status. In cases where the laboratory does not offer 24-h availability of testing, sample collection followed by PCR testing the next morning is still valuable and provides reliable results 24 to 48 h faster than culture and will aid appropriate decision-making regarding continuing or stopping antibiotics for neonates of women with unknown GBS status.
Stent grafting technique using Matsui-Kitamura (MK) stent for patients with aortic arch aneurysm (2005)

Endovascular stent grafting EVSG using the MK stent with extra-anatomic arch vessel bypass under SCP using LHB could be a useful and less invasive method for patients with aortic arch aneurysm who are at a high surgical risk.
Statin-Associated Myopathy with Normal Creatine Kinase Levels (2002)

Some patients who develop muscle symptoms while receiving statin therapy have demonstrable weakness and histopathologic findings of myopathy despite normal serum creatine kinase levels.
Technical note: Test of a low-cost and animal-friendly system for measuring methane emissions from dairy cows (2012)

Methane is a greenhouse gas with a significant anthropogenic contribution from cattle production. A demand exists for techniques that facilitate evaluation of mitigation strategies for dairy cows. Therefore, a low-cost system facilitating the highest possible animal welfare was constructed and validated. The system uses the same principles as systems for open-circuit indirect calorimetry, but to lower the costs, the chamber construction and air-conditioning system were simpler than described for other open-circuit systems. To secure the highest possible animal welfare, the system is located in the cow's daily environment. The system consists of 4 transparent polycarbonate chambers placed in a square so that the cows are facing each other. The chamber dimensions are 183 (width), 382 (length), and 245 cm (height) with a volume of 17 m(3). Flow and concentrations of O(2), CO(2), CH(4), and H(2) are measured continuously in the outlet. Flow is measured with a mass flow meter, O(2) with a paramagnetic sensor, CO(2) and CH(4) with infrared sensors, and H(2) with an electrochemical sensor. Chamber inlet is placed in the barn and background concentrations may differ between chambers, but delta values between background and outlet concentrations for all chambers were within instrument tolerance. Average recovery rates of CO(2) and CH(4) were (mean ± SD) 101 ± 4 and 99 ± 7%, respectively. This is within the expected tolerance of the whole system (gas sensors and flow meters). Feed dry matter intakes were not affected by confining the animals in chambers, as dry matter intake before and during chamber stay were similar. It was concluded that the system delivers reliable values, and the transparent construction in combination with the location in the barn environment prevent negative impact on animal welfare and, thereby, data quality.
Novel Utilization of the Dielectric Resonator Antenna as an Oscillator Load (2007)

For the first time, the idea of using the dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) as an oscillator load, named as DRAO, is presented in this paper. Unlike the conventional dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO), where the DR was merely used as a resonator, the DR here serves as both the radiating and oscillating loads. In addition, a compact tri-function hollow DR that incorporates the packaging function to the above dual function is demonstrated. The design procedures of the dual- and tri-function DRAOs are discussed. For demonstration, the DRAOs are designed at 1.85 GHz, which is used in the popular personal communications system (PCS). The return losses, input impedances, antenna gains, signal spectrums, phase noise, and radiation patterns of the two DRAOs are presented. It is shown that the loaded Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> factor of the DRA can be increased by internally embedding a compact metallic cavity to the DR. It is found that with a higher loaded Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> factor, the phase noise of the antenna oscillator using the hollow DRA (tri-function DRAO) is better than that using a solid DRA (dual-function DRAO).
Off-line Cursive Handwriting Recognition Using Style Parameters (1993)

We present a system for recognizing off-line cursive English text, guided in part by global characteristics of the handwriting. A new method for finding the letter boundaries, based on minimizing a heuristic cost function, is introduced. The function is evaluated at each point along the baseline of the word to find the best possible segmentation points. The algorithm tries to find all the actual letter boundaries and as few additional ones as possible. After size and slant normalizations, the segments are classified by a one hidden layer feedforward neural network. The word recognition algorithm finds the segmentation points that are likely to be extraneous and generates all possible final segmentations of the word, by either keeping or removing them. Interpreting the output of the neural network as posterior probabilities of letters, it then finds the word that maximizes the probability of having produced the image, over a set of 30,000 words and over all the possible final segmentati...
Differential turnover of phosphate groups on neurofilament subunits in mammalian neurons in vivo. (1986)

The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of specific proteins was demonstrated directly in the intact vertebrate nervous system in vivo. By exploiting the neurons' ability to segregate a select group of cytoskeletal proteins from most other phosphorylated constituents of the cell by axoplasmic transport, we were able to examine the dynamics of phosphate turnover on neurofilament proteins in mouse retinal ganglion cell neurons simultaneously labeled with [32P]orthophosphate and [3H]proline in vivo. Three [3H]proline-labeled neurofilament protein (NFP) subunits, designated H (160-200 kDa), M (135-145 kDa), and L (68-70 kDa), entered optic axons in a mole:mole ratio similar to that of isolated axonal neurofilaments, supporting the notion that newly synthesized NFPs are transported along axons as assembled neurofilaments. NFP subunits incorporated high levels of 32P before reaching axonal sites at the level of the optic nerve. As neurofilaments were transported along axons, however, many initially incorporated [32P]phosphate groups were removed. Loss of these phosphate groups occurred to a different extent on each subunit. A minimum of 50-60 and 35-40% of the labeled phosphate groups was removed in a 5-day period from the L and M subunits, respectively. By contrast, the H subunit exhibited relatively little or no phosphate turnover during the same period. Dephosphorylation of L in axons is accompanied by a decrease in its net state of phosphorylation; changes in the phosphorylation state of H and M, however, also reflect ongoing addition of phosphates to these polypeptides during axonal transport (Nixon, R.A., Lewis, S.E., and Marotta, C.A. (1986) J. Neurosci., in press). The possibility is raised that dynamic rearrangements of phosphate topography on NFPs represent a mechanism to coordinate interactions of neurofilaments with other proteins as these elements are transported and incorporated into the stationary cytoskeleton along retinal ganglion cell axons.
Low affinity binding of an LFA-3/IgG1 fusion protein to CD2<sup>+</sup>T cells is independent of cell activation (1999)

Quantitative analysis of binding of the bivalent recombinant soluble fusion protein, LFA-3/IgG1, shows that the fusion protein binds to human CD2+ PBLs primarily through low affinity (KD approximately 140 microM) but also through high avidity (90 nM) interactions. The concentration dependence for LFA-3/IgG1 PBL binding took the form of two overlapping bell-shaped curves separated by a clear and reproducible minimum. This was accounted for in part by minor heterogeneity in the LFA-3/IgG1 preparations, and potentially by the ability of the ligand to bind to both CD2 and Fc receptors (FcR), best evidenced by the distinct binding properties of the fusion protein to NK and T cells. The low affinity LFA-3/ IgG1 binding to T cells is consistent with binding to CD2 only, and is in agreement with the low affinity reported for interactions between soluble forms of LFA-3 and CD2 by surface plasmon resonance technology. Moreover, as the low affinity determinations are similar for CD2 on resting and activated T cells, although the CD2 molecule has been reported to be altered to reveal new epitopes upon T cell activation, the binding data argue against multiple cell activation-dependent affinity states of CD2 for LFA-3 binding. This is distinct from that observed with other adhesion partners, and suggests that the different adhesion pathways utilize distinct mechanisms to mediate cell adhesion.
Photocatalytic production of hydrogen on Ni/NiO/KNbO3/CdS nanocomposites using visible light (2008)

The photocatalytic production of H2 from water splitting was demonstrated on Ni/NiO/KNbO3/CdS nanocomposites using visible light irradiation at wavelengths >400 nm in the presence of isopropanol. The inherent photocatalytic activity of bulk-phase CdS was enhanced by combining Q-sized CdS with KNbO3 and Ni deposited on KNbO3. Enhanced activity is most likely due to effective charge separation of photogenerated electrons and holes in CdS that is achieved by electron injection into the conduction band of KNbO3 and the reduced states of niobium (e.g., Nb(IV) and Nb(III)) are shown to contribute to enhanced reactivity in the KNbO3 composites by mediating effective electron transfer to bound protons. We also observed that the efficient attachment of Q-size CdS and the deposition of nickel on the KNbO3 surface increases H2 production rates. Other factors that influence the rate of H2 production including the nature of the electron donors and the solution pH were also determined. The Ni/NiO/KNbO3/CdS nanocomposite system appears to be a promising candidate for possible practical applications including the production of H2 under visible light.
Photodimerization of coumarin in aqueous and micellar media (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotodimerization of coumarin in aqueous and micellar mediaKayambu Muthuramu and Vaidhyanathan Rama MurthyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 20, 3976–3979Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00141a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00141a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views807Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chronic subcutaneous administration of kisspeptin-54 causes testicular degeneration in adult male rats (2006)

The kisspeptins are KiSS-1 gene-derived peptides that signal through the G protein-coupled receptor-54 (GPR54) and have recently been shown to be critical regulators of reproduction. Acute intracerebroventricular or peripheral administration of kisspeptin stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. This effect is thought to be mediated via the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) system. Chronic administration of GnRH agonists paradoxically suppresses the HPG axis after an initial agonistic stimulation. We investigated the effects of continuous peripheral kisspeptin administration in male rats by use of Alzet minipumps. Initially we compared the effects of acute subcutaneous administration of kisspeptin-10, -14, and -54 on the HPG axis. Kisspeptin-54 produced the greatest increase in plasma LH and total testosterone at 60 min postinjection and was used in the subsequent continuous administration experiments. Chronic subcutaneous long-term administration of 50 nmol kisspeptin-54/day for 13 days decreased testicular weight. Histological examination showed degeneration of the seminiferous tubules associated with a significant decrease in the circulating levels of the testes-derived hormone, inhibin B. Plasma free and total testosterone were also lower, although these changes did not reach statistical significance. Further studies examined the effects of shorter periods of continuous kisspeptin administration. Subcutaneous administration of 50 nmol kisspeptin-54 for 1 day increased plasma LH and testosterone. This effect was lost after 2 days of administration, suggesting a downregulation of the HPG axis response to kisspeptin following continuous administration. These findings indicate that kisspeptin may provide a novel tool for the manipulation of the HPG axis and spermatogenesis.
CD45-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency caused by uniparental disomy (2012)

Analysis of the molecular etiologies of SCID has led to important insights into the control of immune cell development. Most cases of SCID result from either X-linked or autosomal recessive inheritance of mutations in a known causative gene. However, in some cases, the molecular etiology remains unclear. To identify the cause of SCID in a patient known to lack the protein-tyrosine phosphatase CD45, we used SNP arrays and whole-exome sequencing. The patient's mother was heterozygous for an inactivating mutation in CD45 but the paternal alleles exhibited no detectable mutations. The patient exhibited a single CD45 mutation identical to the maternal allele. Patient SNP array analysis revealed no change in copy number but loss of heterozygosity for the entire length of chromosome 1 (Chr1), indicating that disease was caused by uniparental disomy (UPD) with isodisomy of the entire maternal Chr1 bearing the mutant CD45 allele. Nonlymphoid blood cells and other mesoderm- and ectoderm-derived tissues retained UPD of the entire maternal Chr1 in this patient, who had undergone successful bone marrow transplantation. Exome sequencing revealed mutations in seven additional genes bearing nonsynonymous SNPs predicted to have deleterious effects. These findings are unique in representing a reported case of SCID caused by UPD and suggest UPD should be considered in SCID and other recessive disorders, especially when the patient appears homozygous for an abnormal gene found in only one parent. Evaluation for alterations in other genes affected by UPD should also be considered in such cases.
Mutual Anonymous Communications: A New Covert Channel Based on Splitting Tree MAC (2007)

Known covert channel based on splitting algorithms in Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols requires the receiver's knowledge of the sender's identity. In this paper we present a new covert channel that does not have this restriction. In such a channel, multiple senders may operate independently without knowing each other, and the receiver can learn the transmitted information without knowing the identity of any covert sender a priori. These properties make the channel robust to malfunctioning senders, and more importantly help protect the secrecy of senders' identity which is essential for covert communications. We also analyze the capacity of our proposed covert channel.
Bone Mineral Density in Children and Adolescents: Relation to Puberty, Calcium Intake, and Physical Activity (1997)

The association of height, weight, pubertal stage, calcium intake, and physical activity with bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated in 500 children and adolescents (205 boys and 295 girls), aged 4 -20 yr.The BMD (grams per cm 2 ) of lumbar spine and total body was measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.Lumbar spine volumetric BMD was calculated to correct for bone size.BMD and volumetric BMD increased with age.During puberty, the age-dependent increment was higher.After adjustment for age, the Tanner stage was significantly associated with all three BMD variables in girls and with spinal BMD in boys.In boys, positive correlations were found between BMD and both calcium intake and physical activity after adjustment for age.Stepwise regression analysis with weight, height, Tanner stage, calcium intake, and physical activity as determinants with adjustment for age resulted in a model with Tanner stage in girls and weight in boys for all three BMD variables.The major independent determinant of BMD was the Tanner stage in girls and weight in boys.(
Regression Analysis for Unit Cost and Budgeting (1993)

Polaromonas sp. str. GM1 is an aerobic, psychrotolerant, heterotrophic member of the Betaproteobacteria and is the only isolate capable of oxidising arsenite at temperatures below 10 °C. Sequencing of the aio gene cluster in GM1 revealed the presence of the aioB and aioA genes, which encode the arsenite oxidase but the regulatory genes typically found upstream of aioB in other members of the Proteobacteria were absent. The GM1 Aio was purified to homogeneity and was found to be a heterodimer. The enzyme contained Mo and Fe as cofactors and had, using the artificial electron acceptor 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, a Km for arsenite of 111.70 ± 0.88 μM and a Vmax of 12.16 ± 0.30 U mg(-1), which is the highest reported specific activity for any known Aio. The temperature-activity profiles of the arsenite oxidases from GM1 and the mesophilic betaproteobacterium Alcaligenes faecalis were compared and showed that the GM1 Aio was more active at low temperatures than that of A. faecalis. A homology model of the GM1 Aio was made using the X-ray crystal structure of the Aio from A. faecalis as the template. Structural changes that account for cold adaptation were identified and it was found that these resulted in increased enzyme flexibility and a reduction in the hydrophobicity of the core.
Copper(II) Complexes of the Hexaaza Macrocyclic Ligand 3,6,9,16,19,22-Hexaaza-27,28-dioxatricyclo[22.2.1.1<sup>11,14</sup>]octacosa-1(26),11,13,24-tetraene and Their Interaction with Oxalate, Malonate, and Pyrophosphate Anions (1996)

The hexaaza macrocyclic ligand 3,6,9,16,19,22-hexaaza-27,28-dioxatricyclo[22.2.1.1(11,14)]octacosa-1(26),11,13,24-tetraene (BFBD), forms both mono- and dinuclear complexes, as well as several protonated and hydroxo chelates, with Cu(II) ions. These cationic species can bind inorganic and organic anions through coordination and hydrogen bonding. Stability constants of the mono- and dinuclear Cu(II) complexes of BFBD and their interaction with oxalate, malonate, and pyrophosphate anions have been measured potentiometrically. The nature of the bonding between the hosts and the guests is discussed. The crystal structures of two new dinuclear Cu(II) complexes, determined by X-ray crystallography, are also reported. [BFBDCu(2)(Cl)(3)]ClO(4).0.5H(2)O crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/n, with a = 13.267(2) Å, b = 12.155(6) Å, c = 18.461 0 Å, beta = 90.86(2) degrees, and Z = 4. Each Cu(II) ion is coordinated by three nitrogen atoms from the diethylenetriamine unit of the macrocyclic ligand and two chloride anions, forming a square pyramidal geometry. [BFBDCu(2)(Ox)](BF(4))(1.8)Cl(0.2) crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1, with a = 6.772(1) Å, b = 10.646(2) Å, c = 11.517(2) Å, alpha = 64.74(3) degrees, beta = 79.79(3) degrees, gamma = 81.94(3) degrees, and Z = 1. The environment of each copper is intermediate between square pyramidal and trigonal pyramidal. The oxalate anion bridges in a bis-bidentate fashion between two Cu(II) ions.