gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of Friction Reducers for Recycled Stimulation Fluids in Environmentally Sensitive Regions (2010)

Abstract Recent studies involving the measurement of friction reducer performance with a variety of brines typical of flow back/recycled stimulation waters of the North Eastern United States have indicated a clear differentiation by specific product type. The friction reducer variances specifically studied were: product charge, charge type, charge distribution reflective of polymerization, molecular weight, inverse emulsion surfactant packages, and manipulation of the internal or external phases. Increasing environmental regulatory pressure in geographic regions sensitive to water use, stimulation flow back discharge, and an increasing need for recycled water, the Marcellus gas play for example, have created a greater demand for higher performing additives in fluid systems used for oil/gas well fracturing. One additive that is greatly influenced by brine characteristic and water quality is the friction reducer. Increasing the ionic strength as well as multivalent cation content of the water typically limits the type of friction reducer used to obtain optimum performance. Standard anionic friction reducers do not perform well in many of these recycled waters as the friction reducer’s ultimate performance is decreased, but also the rate of inversion is retarded and the potential for formation damage is increased. When compared to standard friction reducers, the ultimate friction reduction of the best of the series studied achieved nearly twice the friction reduction, approaching Virk’s theoretical limit, and had an inversion rate nearly four times as rapid as a standard friction reducer. The dosages of the friction reducer were from 0.25 to 1.00 gallons per thousand gallons of treatment fluid. These friction reducers were tested in a variety of brines in a 10 gallon capacity friction loop through a ½ inch pipe at a Newtonian Reynolds number of 150,000. The data was collected every second during a 10 minute run with 6 specific performance criteria used to rank the candidates. This study demonstrates it is possible to provide a friction reducer that works well in brine content typical to stimulation fluids that contain a majority of flow back water from previous well treatments. This would allow well service companies to provide quality stimulation fluids of greater brine content and also minimize fluid disposal volumes and affiliated costs. Chemical additives such as these are needed in regions where both water quality and quantity are concerns.
Diffusion of Silver Nitrate in Concentrated Aqueous Solutions (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiffusion of Silver Nitrate in Concentrated Aqueous SolutionsG. J. Janz, G. R. Lakshminarayanan, M. P. Klotzkin, and G. E. MayerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1966, 70, 2, 536–539Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100874a036https://doi.org/10.1021/j100874a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
How is the fractal dimension of a thin film top surface connected with the roughness parameters and anisotropy of this surface? (1991)

It was previously shown how the fractal dimension of thin films top surfaces can be obtained from the surface relief reconstructed by microdensitometer analysis of an electron micrograph of a shadowed replica of the surface. Here is presented a comparative study of roughness, fractal dimension and anisotropy of thin films top surfaces. After a theoretical study devoted to some regular and more or less isotropic surfaces, results are given for several real surfaces and it is shown how the characterization of a rough surface by its fractal dimension yields results about its roughness and anisotropy.
Effect of intramucosal infiltration of different concentrations of adrenaline on hemodynamics during transsphenoidal surgery (2014)

Adrenaline in a concentration of 1:400,000 added to 2% lignocaine for nasal mucosa infiltration produces less hemodynamic response as compared with adrenaline 1:200,000 added to 2% lignocaine while at the same time providing similar operating conditions.
Optimizing Control of Basis Weight Profile in Paper Machines Based on Virtual Slice-Bolt Position. (1999)

抄紙機の紙の抄造において一番重要な品質である坪量 (1m2あたりの紙の重さ, 単位g/m2) を, 幅方向に均一化する坪量プロファイ制御において, 筆者らの考案した仮想スライスボルト対応最適化制御を, プロセス最適化の観点から理論的に考察し, それが現場の品質要求を十分満たす制御方式であることを示す.
Auctions of Shares (1979)

Unit and share auctions, 675.—Formulation, 676.—No proprietary information, 677.—Proprietary information, 680.—Discriminatory pricing, 686.—Vickrey auctions, 687.—Conclusion, 688.
An attempt of time domain microwave computed tomography for biomedical use (2005)

So-called time-domain measurement techniques were employed for visualizing the complex permittivity distribution inside a human body. A microwave pulse with a bandwidth from 0.8 GHz to 4.2 GHz is radiated from a transmitting antenna toward the object immersed in a saline solution that is called a bolus. The transmitted signal is detected by a receiving antenna that is placed on the opposite side of the transmitting antenna. The signal transmitted on the straight path between those two antennas is measured by leaving only the signal that corresponds to the transmission time between those two antennas. This procedure is repeated to obtain a complete set of projection data of the target while the antenna pair is moved on and around the translation- and rotation-axes just like the first generation X-ray CT. The transmission time between two antennas is estimated from complex permittivity of a bolus and biological phantoms. It was demonstrated that time-domain microwave computed tomography (TD-MCT) is feasible by measuring only the transmitted signal on a straight-transmission-path between two antennas by means of a time-domain measurement technique.
DETECTION OF PLASMA MEMBRANE CARBOHYDRATES WITH LECTIN PEROXIDASE CONJUGATES (1973)

With the use of the cytochemical stain for horseradish peroxidase of Graham and Karnovsky (1966. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 14:291), conjugates of horseradish peroxidase with ricin, wheat germ agglutinin, and phytohemagglutinin were employed for the morphologic demonstration of d-galactose (ricin), N-acetylglucosamine (wheat germ), and N-acetylgalactosamine (phytohemagglutinin) containing moieties on the surface of unfixed, or paraformaldehyde-fixed rat lymphoid cells. D-Galactose, or d-galactose containing disaccharides inhibited the interaction between ricin peroxidase and lymphoid cell surface; also, N-acetylglucosamine inhibited the wheat germ peroxidase-lymphoid cell interaction, but N-acetylgalactosamine failed to inhibit the reaction between phytohemagglutinin peroxidase and the surface of lymphoid cells.
Akt promotes BMP2-mediated osteoblast differentiation and bone development (2009)

Signaling through the IGF-I receptor by locally synthesized IGF-I or IGF-II is crucial for normal skeletal development and for bone remodeling. Osteogenesis is primarily regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which activate gene expression programs driven by bone-specific transcription factors. In a mesenchymal stem cell model of osteoblast commitment and differentiation controlled by BMP2, we show that an inhibitor of PI3-kinase or a dominant-negative Akt were as potent in preventing osteoblast differentiation as the IGF binding protein IGFBP5, whereas a Mek inhibitor was ineffective. Conversely, an adenovirus encoding an inducible-active Akt was able to overcome the blockade of differentiation caused by IGFBP5 or the PI3-kinase inhibitor, and could restore normal osteogenesis. Inhibition of PI3-kinase or Akt did not block BMP2-mediated signaling, because the Smad-responsive genes Sox9 and JunB were induced normally under all experimental conditions. When activated during different stages of osteoblast maturation, dominant-negative Akt prevented accumulation of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and reduced mineralization, and more significantly inhibited the longitudinal growth of metatarsal bones in primary culture by interfering with both chondrocyte and osteoblast development and function. We conclude that an intact IGF-induced PI3-kinase-Akt signaling cascade is essential for BMP2-activated osteoblast differentiation and maturation, bone development and growth, and suggest that manipulation of this pathway could facilitate bone remodeling and fracture repair.
INFLUENCE OF DECREASED LENGTH OF DIFFERENT SPECTRAL PHOTOPERIODS ON TESTIS DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC FOWL (1970)

Summary. White Leghorn cockerels between 14 and 18 weeks of age were subjected to a decrease in hours of clear, red, blue and green photoperiods. The decrease in photoperiod length of clear and red light inhibited testis development and spermatogenesis. The decrease in photoperiod length in blue and green light failed to show the inhibitory effect. Pituitary gonadotrophin activity indicated that both production and release of gonadotrophins were inhibited by decreased hours of clear and red light.
Induced strain actuation of composite plates (1989)

Two models of induced strain plate actuator/substrate systems are developed and verified experimentally.Equations relating the actuation strains produced by the strain actuators to the induced strains found in the system are derived for both models.In addition, the plate strain energy relations are also developed.Exact and approximate solutions are formulated for isotropic and anisotropic plate systems.Exact solutions are found for actuator/substrate systems with free-free, free-free boundary conditions, and a general procedure for solving the strain energy equations with a Rayleigh-Ritz approximate solution is formulated for systems with arbitrary boundary conditions and external loads.Specific solutions are detailed for cantilever plate systems, including a discussion of the assumed modes selected.A model for predicting the actuation strains produced by a specific class of induced strain actuators, piezoceramic actuators, is also developed.The non-linear properties of piezoceramics are discussed and the important effects of such non-linearities are accounted for by developing a strain dependent model for the actuation strains created in piezoceramics.The models developed were verified through experimentation via two sets of plate test articles.The first set of simple test articles were used to verify the accuracy of the basic induced strain actuation models, the strain dependence of piezoceramic actuation strains, and a semi-empirical solution procedure.The second, more representative, set of large cantilever plate test articles verified the ability of the models to predict the strains induced in systems with extensive stiffness couplings and complicated boundary conditions, and the Ritz model.Agreement between the solutions predicted by the induced strain actuator models and the experimentally measured deformations was excellent, verifying the effectiveness of using induced strain actuation for shape control of structures such as aeroelastic lifting surfaces and components of intelligent structures.-
Discovery of a metabolic pathway mediating glucose-induced desensitization of the glucose transport system. Role of hexosamine biosynthesis in the induction of insulin resistance. (1991)

Based on our previous finding that desensitization of the insulin-responsive glucose transport system (GTS) requires three components, glucose, insulin, and glutamine, we postulated that the routing of incoming glucose through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway plays a key role in the development of insulin resistance in primary cultured adipocytes. Two approaches were used to test this hypothesis. First, we assessed whether glucose-induced desensitization of the GTS could be prevented by glutamine analogs that irreversibly inactivate glutamine-requiring enzymes, such as glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) the first and the rate-limiting enzyme in hexosamine biosynthesis. Both O-diazoacetyl-L-serine (azaserine) and 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine inhibited desensitization in 18-h treated cells without affecting maximal insulin responsiveness in control cells. Moreover, close agreement was seen between the ability of azaserine to prevent desensitization of the GTS in intact adipocytes (70% inhibition, ED50 = 1.1 microM), its ability to inactivate GFAT in intact adipocytes (64% inhibition, ED50 = 1.0 microM) and its ability to inactivate GFAT activity in a cytosolic adipocyte preparation (ED50 = 1.3 microM). From these results we concluded that a glutamine amidotransferase is involved in the induction of insulin resistance. As a second approach, we determined whether glucosamine, an agent known to preferentially enter the hexosamine pathway at a point distal to enzymatic amidation by GFAT, could induce cellular insulin resistance. When adipocytes were exposed to various concentrations of glucosamine for 5 h, progressive desensitization of the GTS was observed (ED50 = 0.36 mM) that culminated in a 40-50% loss of insulin responsiveness. Moreover, we estimated that glucosamine is at least 40 times more potent than glucose in mediating desensitization, since glucosamine entered adipocytes at only one-quarter of the glucose uptake rate, yet induced desensitization at an extra-cellular dose 10 times lower than glucose. In addition, we found that glucosamine-induced desensitization did not require glutamine and was unaffected by azaserine treatment. Thus, we conclude that glucosamine enters the hexosamine-desensitization pathway at a point distal to GFAT amidation. Overall, these studies indicate that a unique metabolic pathway exists in adipocytes that mediates desensitization of the insulin-responsive GTS, and reveal that an early step in this pathway involves the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to glucosamine 6-phosphate by the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine pathway, glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase.
Demonstration of an InAsSb strained-layer superlattice photodiode (1988)

A photodiode consisting of a p-n junction embedded in an InAs0.09Sb0.91/InSb strained-layer superlattice with equal 130-Å-thick layers was grown using molecular beam epitaxy. This nonoptimized device exhibited photoresponse out to a wavelength of 8.7 μm at 77 K. The resistance and the minority-carrier diffusion length of the photodiode result in a detectivity (3×109 cm Hz1/2/W) at 7 μm that is within one order of magnitude of the detectivity of the best HgCdTe detectors at that wavelength.
Shim6: Level 3 Multihoming Shim Protocol for IPv6 (2009)

This document defines the Shim6 protocol, a layer 3 shim for providing
locator agility below the transport protocols, so that multihoming can
be provided for IPv6 with failover and load sharing properties,
without assuming that a multihomed site will have a provider
independent IPv6 address prefix which is announced in the global IPv6
routing table. The hosts in a site which has multiple provider
allocated IPv6 address prefixes, will use the Shim6 protocol specified
in this document to setup state with peer hosts, so that the state can
later be used to failover to a different locator pair, should the
original one stop working.
Thermal Annealing Effect of Indium Tin Oxide Contact to GaN Light-Emitting Diodes (2005)

We have fabricated GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) for p -type contacts. The current–voltage ( I – V ) characteristics of the devices have been studied. When annealed at 700°C, the p – n junction of the diodes became very leaky, and even electrical short circuits have been observed. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer analyses (EDS), it was found that indium (In) diffused into the LED structure with defects such as threading dislocations (TDs) or V-pits. The defects provide leakage paths to cause short circuits in p – n junctions at high annealing temperatures.
Real-time fast polarization tracking based on polarization phase locking least mean square algorithm (2019)

We propose a fast polarization tracking scheme based on polarization phase locking least mean square (LMS) algorithm and experimentally demonstrate it in real-time implementation with a quasi-feed-forward digital signal processing (DSP) architecture. It has the advantages of no frequency/phase offset feedback requirement from the carrier recovery stage. The tracking performance of the proposed algorithm is verified in both simulation and real-time coherent transmission systems. It can track the state of polarization (SOP) variations up to 12 Mrad/s and 3.3 Mrad/s in 100-Gb/s QPSK and 400-Gb/s 16QAM simulation system, and can track 2.5 Mrad/s in 10-Gb/s QPSK real-time experiment, which has great improvement over conventional LMS algorithm.
Hydrolyzable poly(ester‐urethane) networks from <scp>L</scp>‐lysine diisocyanate and <scp>D</scp>,<scp>L</scp>‐lactide/ϵ‐caprolactone homo‐ and copolyester triols (1994)

Abstract Bioabsorbable poly(ester‐urethane) networks were synthesized from ethyl 2,6‐diisocyanatohexanoate ( L ‐lysine diisocyanate) (LDI) and a series of polyester triols. LDI was synthesized by refluxing L‐lysine monohydrochloride with ethanol to form the ester, which was subsequently refluxed with 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexamethyldisilazane to yield a silazane‐protected intermediate. This product was then phosgenated using triphosgene. Polyester triols were synthesized from D,L‐lactide, ϵ‐caprolactone, or comonomer mixtures thereof, using glycerol as initiator and stannous octoate as catalyst. Polyurethane networks were cured using [NCO]/[OH] = 1.05 and stannous octoate (0.05 wt %) for 24 h at room temperature and pressure and 24 h at 50°C and 0.1 mm Hg. LDI‐based polyurethane networks were totally amorphous and possessed very low sol contents. Networks based on poly (D,L‐lactide) triols were rigid ( T g ∽ 60°C) with ultimate tensile strengths of ∼ 40–70 MPa, tensile moduli of ∼ 1.2–2.0 GPa, and ultimate elongations of ∼ 4–10%. Networks based on ϵ‐caprolactone triols were low‐modulus elastomers with tensile strengths and moduli of ∼ 1–4 MPa and ∼ 3–6 GPa, respectively, and ultimate elongations of ∼ 50–300%. Networks based on copolymers displayed physical properties consistent with monomer composition and were tougher than the networks based on the homopolymers. Tensile strengths for the copolymers were ∼ 3–25 MPa with ultimate elongations up to 600%. Hydrolytic degradation under simulated physiological conditions showed that D , L ‐lactide homopolymer networks were the most resistant to degradation, undergoing virtually no change in mass or physical properties for 60 days. ϵ‐Caprolactone‐based networks were resistant to degradation for 40 days, and high‐lactide copolymer‐based networks suffered substantial losses in physical properties after only 3 days. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Detection of <i>in vivo</i> biomarkers of phospholipidosis using NMR‐based metabonomic approaches (2001)

Abstract The application of high‐field 1 H NMR spectroscopy to the analysis of biological fluids has proved to be a valuable approach to toxicological screening. Coupled with data reduction and chemometric analyses, this technology has a high capacity for elucidating relevant metabolic information pertaining to the nature and mechanism of toxic processes in an organism. This approach is encapsulated in the concept of metabonomics, which is defined as ‘the quantitative measurement of the dynamic multiparametric metabolic response of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification’, and can be regarded as complementary to studies of the genome (genomics) and the proteins in an organism (proteomics). Here the metabonomics approach to drug toxicity evaluation is exemplified using 1 H NMR spectroscopy to investigate the biochemical perturbations in urine after dosing Fischer rats with the cationic, amphiphilic drugs chloroquine, amiodarone and DMP 777, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor. These drugs are known to induce phospholipidosis, characterized by lysosomal lamellar body and drug accumulation. Using a metabonomic approach, combinations of specific urinary biomarkers were identified for each compound, together with a putative general marker of phospholipidosis, phenylacetylglycine. Furthermore, in the case of chloroquine, clear evidence of hepatotoxicity was determined. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
6A5 - Possibility of self-focusing due to intensity dependent anomalous dispersion (1966)

Close to an atomic resonance, the dependence of the real part of the susceptibility on power level (i.e., saturation effects) can be sizeable and therefore lead to self-trapping or self-focusing. It is shown here under what conditions this effect can occur. Order of magnitude estimates are given for the intensity dependent index change and the diameter of the trapped beam for some laser materials.
Oxidation and oxidative carbonylation of methane and ethane by hexaoxo-µ-peroxodisulfate(2–) ion in aqueous medium. A model for alkane oxidation through the hydrogen-atom abstraction pathway (1992)

In aqueous medium, at 105–115 °C, SO4-˙(generated from S2O82–) was found to abstract a hydrogen atom from methane and ethane to form the corresponding alkyl radicals which could be trapped efficiently by carbon monoxide, the resultant acyl radicals being ultimately converted into the homologous carboxylic acids.
A General Approach to Speech Recognition (1995)

The aim is to build a speech based query interface to a text retrieval system. The interface will be independent of the underlying Information Retrieval engine. First steps in this project will be presented in this paper. A study of the properties of typical Information Retrieval queries has shown that the speech interface must effectively address requirements like speaker independence, fluently spoken speech, and uncontrolled vocabulary. These requirements can only be approximated with the currently available speech recognition techniques. Furthermore, such requirements demand a multidisciplinary approach from areas like signal processing, pattern recognition, and linguistics. In order to coordinate these approaches and to be open for further developments in these areas, a speech recognition architecture has been introduced and this will also be presented.
FPGA-based optical programmable switch and interface card for disaggregated OPS/OCS data centre networks (2015)

We present an FPGA-based optical switch and interface card (SIC) for an optical disaggregated OPS/OCS DCN. It eliminates electronics from ToR switch and enables direct intra-rack blade-to-blade communication to deliver ultra-low intra-rack latency.