gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct Gene Expression Profile of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Comparison to Skin Fibroblasts Employing cDNA Microarray Analysis of 9600 Genes (2005)

Broad differentiation capacity has been described for mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from human bone marrow. We sought to identify genes associated with the immature state and pluripotency of this cell type. To prove the pluripotent state of the MSC, differentiation into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes was performed in vitro. In contrast, normal skin cells did not harbor these differentiation abilities. We compared the expression profile of human bone marrow MSC with cDNA from one primary human skin cell line as control, using a cDNA chip providing 9600 genes. The identity of all relevant genes was confirmed by direct sequencing. Data of gene array expression were corroborated employing quantitative PCR analysis. About 80 genes were differently expressed more than threefold in MSC compared to mature skin fibroblasts. Interestingly, primary human MSC were found to upregulate a number of genes important for embryogenesis such as distal-less homeo box 5, Eyes absent homolog 2, inhibitor of DNA binding 3, and LIM protein. In contrast, mesenchymal lineage genes were downregulated in MSC in comparison to skin cells. We also detected expression of some genes involved in neural development, indicating the broad differentiation capabilities of MSC. We conclude that human mesenchymal stem cells harbor an expression profile distinct from mature skin fibroblast, and genes associated with developmental processes and stem cell function are highly expressed in adult mesenchymal stem cells.
Firing characteristics of single-fiber carotid sinus baroreceptors. (1990)

This study examined firing patterns of single-fiber carotid baroreceptors in response to slow ramp increases in carotid sinus pressure (1-2 mm Hg/sec) in vascularly isolated carotid sinus preparations in thiopental-anesthetized dogs (25 mg/kg, plus 10 mg/kg/hr). Two general types of baroreceptor discharge patterns were obtained: 1) type I, a discontinuous, hyperbolic pattern characterized by a sudden onset of discharge at threshold pressure with a relatively high threshold frequency, which gradually increased to a higher saturation firing rate and 2) type II, a continuous, sigmoidal pattern characterized by a gradual increase in discharge above threshold pressure and a relatively low threshold frequency and saturation firing rate. Type II baroreceptor curves typically showed spontaneous discharge below threshold pressure and significantly lower sensitivities, threshold frequency, saturation firing rate, and threshold pressure than those of type I receptors. However, the saturation pressures and operating ranges of the type II receptors were greater than those of type I receptors, and the pressure at which type II receptors had their greatest sensitivity was greater than that for type I receptors. Type I baroreceptors generally had large myelinated afferent A fibers; type II baroreceptors generally had smaller A and unmyelinated C fibers, based on conduction velocities. The presence of spontaneous activity with type II baroreceptors, combined with significantly lower sensitivities and wider pressure operating ranges seen relative to type I baroreceptors, suggests that these receptors may primarily serve to provide information on tonic, or baseline, levels of arterial blood pressure to the central cardiovascular centers. The sudden onset of discharge, higher sensitivities, and narrower operating ranges of type I baroreceptors suggest that their primary role may be to provide information on dynamic, sudden changes in arterial pressure.
Recent Progress of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Applications in Sandstones and Carbonate Rocks (2010)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has become an increasingly important technique in recent years for the characterization of porous materials. In particular, its importance in petroleum exploration has been enhanced by new NMR well‐logging techniques for the characterization of both rocks and natural fluids. Such advanced techniques have been accepted as one of the most valuable logging services. There are several areas currently being developed in the study of pore structure and rock heterogeneity including the physics of internal magnetic fields, the two‐dimensional NMR paradigm, heterogeneity decomposition, and the mathematics of Laplace inversion. Although the methods have been developed for rocks, they are generally applicable to partially saturated porous media such as the vadose zone.
NIC: Detecting Adversarial Samples with Neural Network Invariant Checking (2019)

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are vulnerable to adversarial samples that are generated by perturbing correctly classified inputs to cause DNN models to misbehave (e.g., misclassification). This can potentially lead to disastrous consequences especially in security-sensitive applications. Existing defense and detection techniques work well for specific attacks under various assumptions (e.g., the set of possible attacks are known beforehand). However, they are not sufficiently general to protect against a broader range of attacks. In this paper, we analyze the internals of DNN models under various attacks and identify two common exploitation channels: the provenance channel and the activation value distribution channel. We then propose a novel technique to extract DNN invariants and use them to perform runtime adversarial sample detection. Our experimental results of 11 different kinds of attacks on popular datasets including ImageNet and 13 models show that our technique can effectively detect all these attacks (over 90% accuracy) with limited false positives. We also compare it with three state-of-theart techniques including the Local Intrinsic Dimensionality (LID) based method, denoiser based methods (i.e., MagNet and HGD), and the prediction inconsistency based approach (i.e., feature squeezing). Our experiments show promising results.
Evolutionary relationships of lactate dehydrogenases (LDHs) from mammals, birds, an amphibian, fish, barley, and bacteria: LDH cDNA sequences from Xenopus, pig, and rat. (1994)

The nucleotide sequences of the cDNAs encoding LDH (EC 1.1.1.27) subunits LDH-A (muscle), LDH-B (liver), and LDH-C (oocyte) from Xenopus laevis, LDH-A (muscle) and LDH-B (heart) from pig, and LDH-B (heart) and LDH-C (testis) from rat were determined. These seven newly deduced amino acid sequences and 22 other published LDH sequences, and three unpublished fish LDH-A sequences kindly provided by G. N. Somero and D. A. Powers, were used to construct the most parsimonious phylogenetic tree of these 32 LDH subunits from mammals, birds, an amphibian, fish, barley, and bacteria. There have been at least six LDH gene duplications among the vertebrates. The Xenopus LDH-A, LDH-B, and LDH-C subunits are most closely related to each other and then are more closely related to vertebrate LDH-B than LDH-A. Three fish LDH-As, as well as a single LDH of lamprey, also seem to be more related to vertebrate LDH-B than to land vertebrate LDH-A. The mammalian LDH-C (testis) subunit appears to have diverged very early, prior to the divergence of vertebrate LDH-A and LDH-B subunits, as reported previously.
Instrumentation V: ICs: From sensors to displays: Instrument performance is up, costs are down. It's done, not with mirrors, but with integrated circuits (1976)

From small simple digital panel meters to large sophisticated test systems, integrated circuits continue to have a vast impact on improvements in instrument performance. The driving force behind all this has been the continuous increase in IC-device volumetric efficiency-from SSI to MSI to today's LSI ICs.
A high reliability metal insulator metal capacitor for 0.18 μm copper technology (2002)

A high reliability Metal-Insulator-Metal capacitor integrated into a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS foundry technology using Copper interconnects is discussed. Integration solutions specific to Copper processing are described and process yield and reliability results are presented on 0.72 fF//spl mu/m/sup 2/ capacitors. Performance and reliability metrics are shown to be comparable to those formed on Aluminum technologies.
Elasto-kinematics design of an innovative composite material suspension system (2017)

Abstract. In this paper, a lightweight suspension system for small urban personal transportation vehicle is presented. A CFRP (Carbon fiber reinforce polymer) beam spring has been used to efficiently integrate the functions of suspension control arm and anti-roll bar. Composites materials were chosen to tailor the required behavior of the beam spring and to reduce the weight. Furthermore, larger space for engine compartment has been provided thanks to the compact arrangement of beam suspension components. This suspension could be installed on electric/hybrid vehicles and conventional automobiles.
The all digital loop: benefits of an integrated voice-data access network (2002)

With the evolution towards the multi-service network, voice and data, today's most important services, will be transported over a single network infrastructure. Although digital subscriber line (xDSL) systems can already transport both services simultaneously over a single twisted telephone pair, they still use separate frequency bands. There is a tendency to carry the telephony signal in-band, as part of the digital data stream. This paper discusses several benefits of an integrated voice-data access network based on xDSL. In a DSL-based solution carrying voice in-band, the bulky plain old telephone service (POTS) splitter that is normally required to separate voice and data becomes superfluous, resulting in higher density. An all-digital loop can use the lower part of the frequency spectrum that was reserved for POTS. Simulations have shown that the flexibility and high spectral efficiency of discrete multitone modulation (DMT) increase the capacity or reach. The lifeline service for voice is also considered. A DSL low-power mode, which only uses the elements needed to support voice service, can help achieve this goal.
A Modular Adversarial Approach to Social Recommendation (2019)

This paper proposes a novel framework to incorporate social regularization for item recommendation. Social regularization grounded in ideas of homophily and influence appears to capture latent user preferences. However, there are two key challenges: first, the importance of a specific social link depends on the context and second, a fundamental result states that we cannot disentangle homophily and influence from observational data to determine the effect of social inference. Thus we view the attribution problem as inherently adversarial where we examine two competing hypothesis---social influence and latent interests---to explain each purchase decision. We make two contributions. First, we propose a modular, adversarial framework that decouples the architectural choices for the recommender and social representation models, for social regularization. Second, we overcome degenerate solutions through an intuitive contextual weighting strategy, that supports an expressive attribution, to ensure informative social associations play a larger role in regularizing the learned user interest space. Our results indicate significant gains (5-10% relative [email protected]) over state-of-the-art baselines across multiple publicly available datasets.
Suits for the Hirsute: Defending Against America's Undeclared War on Beards in the Workplace (1995)

Argues that the right to have a beard is protected from infringement by government actors (state and federal) by the First Amendment. Analyzes free-expression cases from the United States Supreme Court, lower federal courts, nad the state courts of California in developing the argument.
Compounds Derived from the Mannich Bases of β-Phenylpropiophenone (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompounds Derived from the Mannich Bases of β-PhenylpropiophenoneJ. F. Cavalla, J. P. Marshall, and R. A. SelwayCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 6, 716–721Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00336a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00336a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Proposal of the Structure of Modified Nucleosides Expected to be highly Anti-Viral Active and Lowly Toxic. (2008)

The structure of modified nucleosides expected to be highly anti-viral active and lowly toxic is proposed.
Strategy for Identifying Repurposed Drugs for the Treatment of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (2014)

By identifying known drugs as potential therapeutics for CCM, we have decreased the time, cost, and risk of bringing treatments to patients. Each drug also prompts additional exploration of biomarkers of CCM disease. We further suggest that the structure-function screening platform presented here may be adapted and scaled to facilitate drug discovery for diverse loss-of-function genetic vascular disease.
Electron beam lithography using MEBES IV (1992)

The lithographic performance of the MEBESR IV maskmaker is described. This raster-scan electron beam lithography system automates the thermal field emission (TFE) column and makes a number of advances in the electronics and software control subsystems to achieve the stability and accuracy sufficient for 64-Mbit production and 256-Mbit development. Key module developments are highlighted, including TFE column vibration reduction, column setup automation, 160 MHz blanking at a high slew rate, low noise, and increased linearity of the deflection control electronics, and multipoint system temperature control. Data on lithographic quality is presented, as well as ghostTM proximity correction results for 1× maskmaking applications with 0.2 μm minimum feature sizes.
Interactive Selective Pressures of Hla-Restricted Immune Responses and Antiretroviral Drugs on HIV-1 (2005)

HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses mediated by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) recognition and antiretroviral drugs exert selection pressure on HIV-1 in vivo. The selection of CTL escape mutations strongly underpins the failure of CTL control in most untreated infections whilst drug-resistance mutations predict failure of drug control. These two evolutionary forces share common target residues in HIV-1 at which their selection effects could be synergistic or antagonistic, such that the propensity to develop drug resistance and virological treatment failure may be influenced by HLA type. We examined HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease sequences in a large clinical observational cohort of 487 HIV-infected individuals and found evidence of site-specific interactions between specific antiretroviral drug exposures, HLA alleles and HIV sequence diversity at population level. Such interactions may have general and specific implications for explaining in vivo/in vitro discordance of drug resistance, host-specific susceptibility to drug resistance, individualization of therapy and therapeutic vaccine design.
Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides as Unique Chemical Reagents/Sorbents (2001)

A new family of porous inorganic solids based on nanocrystalline metal oxides is discussed. These materials, made up of 4-7 nm MgO, CaO, Al2O3, ZnO, and others, exhibit unparalleled destructive adsorption properties for acid gases, polar organics, and even chemical/biological warfare agents. These unique sorption properties are due to nanocrystal shape, polar surfaces, and high surface areas. Free-flowing powders or consolidated pellets are effective, and pore structure can be controlled by consolidation pressures. Chemical properties can be adjusted by choice of metal oxide as well as by incorporating other oxides as monolayer films.
Feature-based design approach in the sheet metal industries (2002)

The present paper describes the use of design by features in building a system to automate the die layout for sheetmetal stamped parts. Starting from a CAD conventional drawing for stamped part, an algorithm is designed to extract the features of the part and to output a list of features. The list is interpreted by a graphics system as a sequence of calls to subroutines with arguments that define the characteristic dimensions of the features. The graphics system follows the sequence in the list and reconstructs the part one feature at a time for the user to check or modify the part if so desired. The feature list is a complete specification of the part equivalent to a conventional drawing but has several advantages. First, the detailed geometric description in a drawing contains a large amount of details about geometric primitive entities such as lines, arcs, and various views. This description is replaced by structured and aggregated entities-the features, which result in a much more concise description. Second, proper and adequate features correspond to the human conceptualization of the particular part and reflect the technical "jargon" used to exchange information. Thus features are a common language used by the group of people involved in the manufacture of the parts and are used to communicate precisely and efficiently. Third, and the most important aspect of description by features, is that the list of features is a syntactic description of the part rather than a geometric one. Design changes, for example can be made by editing the features list. Process sequencing can be achieved by changing the position of a specific feature in the features list. In short, the part description consists of strings of alphanumeric symbols which stand for objects (features), with their attributes (features dimensions). The symbols can be processed by text editors and can be reasoned about by expert systems. This conceptual framework will make it possible to design knowledge-based interfaces between CAD and CAM systems that interact and reason about a design and thus exhibit a degree of intelligence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PEGylated conjugated polyelectrolytes containing 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole units for targeted cell imaging (2012)

Two amphiphilic conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) were designed and synthesized via a post-polymerization strategy. A neutral precursor polymer of poly(9,9-bis(6′-azidohexyl)fluorene-alt-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole) (PFBD-N3) was synthesized first through Suzuki polymerization, which was followed by click reaction to incorporate dense poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to afford PFBD-PEG600-COOH and PFBD-PEG2000-COOH, respectively. The CPEs show better solubility in water with increasing PEG chain length due to the increased hydrophilicity of longer PEG chains. Both CPEs formed nanoparticles (NPs) in water and were used as cellular probes for visualization of HT-29 cancer cells. As compared to PFBD-PEG600-COOH NPs, PFBD-PEG2000-COOH NPs were less efficiently taken up by cells due to the longer PEG side chains, which significantly inhibited nonspecific cellular uptake. Further conjugation of PFBD-PEG2000-COOH with c(RGDfK) yielded PFBD-PEG2000-RGD NPs as a specific cellular probe for targeted cancer cell imaging. Preliminary study revealed that PFBD-PEG2000-RGD NPs were favorable for targeted cellular imaging with low cytotoxicity, high selectivity and good photostability.
A high dynamic range camera with a non-destructive readout complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor sensor (2009)

We report on a hardware-based implementation of two image processing algorithms that take advantage of a non-destructive readout (NDR) imager, which is connected to a custom embedded system. A reconfigurable logic device on the embedded system is used to control the imager, capture raw NDR image data and perform two different image processing algorithms: correlated double sampling (CDS) and 'up-the-ramp' image reconstruction. Implementing both of these reconstruction algorithms on the embedded system requires less data to be transmitted than the total of all of the raw image data, thus improving the frame rate. 'Up-the-ramp' images possess superior quality to CDS images, at the expense of a lower frame rate.
Interferon induction: a conformational hypothesis. (1979)

The ability of polynucleotides or polynucleotide duplexes such as poly(I).poly(C) to induce interferon production is proposed to depend on the existence of certain stable glycosidic orientations. It appears that a slight increase in instability of 1--3 kcal/mole (1 cal = 4.184 J) in the conformational regions near 20 degrees, 80 degrees, and 160 degrees leads to a loss of potency with respect to interferon induction. Thus, it is proposed that, for a polynucleotide to exist in the overall conformation necessary for interferon induction, stability of glycosidic orientations near 20 degrees, 80 degrees, and 160 degrees may be necessary to confer flexibility and activity on polynucleotide structures. This proposed conformational triad of stable conformational regions essential to interferon induction is based on the results of conformational energy calculations of the glycoside rotational profiles of adenosine, 7-deazaadenosine, inosine, and 7-deazainosine, as well as the conformational properties of other purine nucleoside analogs, and on inferences derived from calculations about the conformational effect in polynucleotides of removing the 2'-OH group.
Biomimetic matrices for myocardial stabilization and stem cell transplantation (2010)

Although natural biological matrices have demonstrated modest improvement in the survival of cells transplanted into the infarcted myocardium, these materials have not been amenable to systematic optimization and therefore have limited potential to treat postinfarct cardiac injuries. Here we have developed tunable bioactive semi-interpenetrating polymer network (sIPN) hydrogels with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) labile crosslinkers to be used as an assistive microenvironment for transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into the infarcted myocardium. Injectable sIPN hydrogels were designed with a range of mechanical and biological properties that yielded material-dependent BMSC proliferation in vitro. Five groups were evaluated to treat myocardial infarction (MI) in adult mice: saline injection; green fluorescent protein (GFP)(+)-BMSCs delivered in saline; a sIPN matrix; a sIPN + GFP(+)-BMSCs; and Matrigel™ + GFP(+)-BMSCs. Injection of cells alone created a transient improvement in LV function that declined over time, and the synthetic hydrogel without cells resulted in the highest LV function at 6 weeks. Donor GFP-positive cells were detected after matrix-enhanced transplantation, but not without matrix support. Biomimetic sIPN hydrogel matrices succeeded both in mechanically supporting the injured myocardium and modestly enhancing donor cell survival. These matrices provide a foundation for systematic development of "pro-survival" microenvironments, and improvement in the long-term results of cardiac stem cell transplantation therapies.