gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA-lipid systems: A physical chemistry study (2002)

It is well known that the interaction of polyelectrolytes with oppositely charged surfactants leads to an associative phase separation; however, the phase behavior of DNA and oppositely charged surfactants is more strongly associative than observed in other systems. A precipitate is formed with very low amounts of surfactant and DNA. DNA compaction is a general phenomenon in the presence of multivalent ions and positively charged surfaces; because of the high charge density there are strong attractive ion correlation effects. Techniques like phase diagram determinations, fluorescence microscopy, and ellipsometry were used to study these systems. The interaction between DNA and catanionic mixtures (i.e., mixtures of cationic and anionic surfactants) was also investigated. We observed that DNA compacts and adsorbs onto the surface of positively charged vesicles, and that the addition of an anionic surfactant can release DNA back into solution from a compact globular complex between DNA and the cationic surfactant. Finally, DNA interactions with polycations, chitosans with different chain lengths, were studied by fluorescence microscopy, in vivo transfection assays and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The general conclusion is that a chitosan effective in promoting compaction is also efficient in transfection.
Probing the Importance of the Hemilabile Site of Bis(phosphine) Monoxide Ligands in the Copper-Catalyzed Addition of Diethylzinc to<i>N</i>-Phosphinoylimines: Discovery of New Effective Chiral Ligands (2008)

The hemilabile ligand Me-DuPHOS(O) 2 has proven to be a successful ligand for the copper-catalyzed addition of diethylzinc to N-phosphinoylimines. The corresponding alpha-chiral amines were obtained in high yields (80-98%) and enantiomeric ratios (19.0:1 to 99.0:1 er). Furthermore, this Cu* 2 catalytic system has been shown to be effective in the addition of diethylzinc to nitroalkenes and in the reduction of beta,beta-disubstituted vinyl phenyl sulfones. This paper describes a general structure/selectivity study in which the three ligand subunits (chiral phospholane-linker-labile coordinating group (Z)) are systematically modified and tested in the copper-catalyzed addition of diethylzinc to the N-phosphinoylimine 1 derived from benzaldehyde. This study led to the discovery of a new class of effective chiral ligands that combine a chiral phospholane unit and an achiral phosphine oxide.
MEDICINAL PLANTS - A POTENT ANTIBACTERIAL SOURCE AGAINST BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT (BLB) OF RICE (2011)

The antibacterial potential of indigenous medicinal plants as alternative chemical pesticides for controlling bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice was investigated. Twenty-five different species of medicinal plants were collected from various sites in Pakistan. Decoctions of all medicinal plant species were screened by the disc plate diffusion method for testing the susceptibility of an aggressive isolate of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo 105). Out of twenty five medicinal plants, Thuja orientalis (cone + leaves), Azadirachta indica (seeds + fruits), Amomum subulatum (fruits), Terminalia chebula (fruits), Terminalia bellirica (fruits), Anethum graveolens (fruits) and Ferula assa-foetida (fruits) decoctions showed significant activity. The efficacy of decoctions from six promising plants were further tested through detached leaf, glasshouse and field assays. A decoction of Terminalia chebula demonstrated the highest effectiveness in terms of regulating BLB in the plants both under laboratory and field conditions. Bioactive fractions of Terminalia chebula were purified, characterized and tentatively identified as allegic acid.
Coalescence and Fragmentation of Cortical Networks during Focal Seizures (2010)

Epileptic seizures reflect a pathological brain state characterized by specific clinical and electrical manifestations. The proposed mechanisms are heterogeneous but united by the supposition that epileptic activity is hypersynchronous across multiple scales, yet principled and quantitative analyses of seizure dynamics across space and throughout the entire ictal period are rare. To more completely explore spatiotemporal interactions during seizures, we examined electrocorticogram data from a population of male and female human patients with epilepsy and from these data constructed dynamic network representations using statistically robust measures. We found that these networks evolved through a distinct topological progression during the seizure. Surprisingly, the overall synchronization changed only weakly, whereas the topology changed dramatically in organization. A large subnetwork dominated the network architecture at seizure onset and preceding termination but, between, fractured into smaller groups. Common network characteristics appeared consistently for a population of subjects, and, for each subject, similar networks appeared from seizure to seizure. These results suggest that, at the macroscopic spatial scale, epilepsy is not so much a manifestation of hypersynchrony but instead of network reorganization.
Syntheses and Molecular Structures of an Isoelectronic Series of (2‐Hetero‐)1,3‐Diphosphabenzenes (1991)

Syntheses, NMR spectra, and X‐ray molecular structures of three (2‐hetero‐)1,3‐diphosphabenzenes are reported which constitute an isoelectronic triade of compounds with BH 2 , CH, and N bridging units between the two phosphorus atoms. The remaining three carbon atoms of the rings are part of a 2‐methallylic system. The 2‐borataheterocycle 3 has been prepared by the reaction of CH 2 = C(CH 2 )PPh 2 ) 2 ( 1 ) with Me 2 SBH 2 Br to give an intermediate 2 still containing the exocyclic olefinic bond. Treatment of 2 with a base, deprotonation of one ring CH 2 group, and proton migration from the other one to the olefinic CH 2 group afford the 5‐methyl‐1λ 5 ‐phospha‐3‐phosphonia‐2‐boratabenzene 3 . The PBP unit is tilted by 144.0(2)° against the planar C 3 P 2 part of the ring. A heterocyclic precursor 4 for the carbon analog is generated from 1 and CH 2 I 2 , which on reaction with a strong base yields the diphosphabenzene 5 with a fully planar ring skeleton. For the synthesis of the aza analog 7 , CH 2 =C(CH 2 Cl) 2 is treated with HN(PPh 2 ) 2 to give the precursor 6 , which can be deprotonatad at nitrogen and carbon with a base. In the crystals of 7 , two independent molecules of very similar structure are present. The molecules show planar heterocycles.
Mediation by 5‐hydroxytryptamine<sub>2B</sub>receptors of endothelium‐dependent relaxation in rat jugular vein (1995)

1. An 'atypical' 5-HT2 receptor which is located on the endothelium of rat jugular vein has been described. In the present study we have further defined the nature of the 5-HT2 receptor subtype present in this preparation. 2. In experiments conducted in the presence of ketanserin to preclude involvement of 5-HT2 receptors, the mixed 5-HT2B/2C antagonist, SB 200646, acted as an antagonist of 5-HT at the endothelial 5-HT receptor (pA2 = 7.2). Yohimbine, which exhibits negligible affinity for rat 5-HT2C receptors but has high 5-HT2B receptor affinity, acted as a potent but non-surmountable antagonist (pA2 > or = 7.3) in rat jugular vein. Neither yohimbine nor SB 200646 affected endothelium-dependent relaxations induced by carbachol. 3. Mianserin also acted as a surmountable antagonist (pA2 = 7.3) and the 5-HT2B agonist, BW 723C86, acted as a potent partial agonist (pEC50 [95% C L], intrinsic activity +/- s.e. mean = 7.9 [7.6-8.3], 0.84 +/- 0.04). Responses to BW 723C86 were antagonized by SB 200646 (0.3 microM) yielding an 'apparent' pA2 [95% CL] of 7.03 [6.76-7.32]. 4. These data are consistent with the presence of 5-HT2B receptors mediating endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat jugular vein.
ChemInform Abstract: A FAST N‐SUBSTITUTED α‐AMINONITRILE SYNTHESIS (1985)

Abstract Durch kurzzeitiges Erhitzen eines Gemisches aus den Carbonylverbindungen (I), den Aminen (II) und Trimethylsilylcyanid (III) werden die Aminonitrile (IV) in meist sehr guten Ausbeuten erhalten.
Surface waves reduction in microstrip antennas (2013)

This paper presents a survey of reducing surface waves in printed and microstrip antennas on substrates which may be electrically thick, as would be the case for printed antennas at millimeter wave frequencies. The surface wave loss is one of the well-known problems that researchers around the world are trying to overcome. This paper defines the problem and describes the main techniques proposed to reduce surface waves in MSA's.
Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on glucose kinetics during exercise (1994)

Six well-trained men (peak pulmonary oxygen uptake = 5.03 +/- 0.11 l/min) were studied during 2 h of exercise at 69 +/- 1% peak pulmonary oxygen uptake to examine the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on glucose kinetics. Subjects ingested 250 ml of either a 10% glucose solution containing 6-[3H]glucose (CHO) or a sweet placebo every 15 min during exercise. Glucose kinetics were assessed by 6,6-[2H]glucose infusion corrected for gut-derived glucose in CHO. Plasma glucose was higher (P < 0.05) in CHO from 20 min. Total glucose appearance was higher in CHO due to glucose delivery from the gut (68 +/- 7 g), since hepatic glucose production was reduced by 51% (29 +/- 5 vs. 59 +/- 5 g). Glucose uptake was higher in CHO (96 +/- 7 vs. 60 +/- 6 g) with the ingested glucose supplying 67 +/- 4 g and, with the assumption that it was fully oxidized, accounted for 14 +/- 1% of total energy expenditure. In conclusion, CHO ingestion during prolonged exercise results in suppression of hepatic glucose production and increased glucose uptake. These effects appear to be mediated mainly by increased plasma glucose and insulin levels.
Potential Role of a Novel Transcriptional Coactivator PELP1 in Histone H1 Displacement in Cancer Cells (2004)

The estrogen receptor plays an important role in breast cancer progression. Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1), also called modulator of nongenomic activity of estrogen receptor (MNAR), a novel coactivator of estrogen receptor, modulates estrogen receptor transactivation functions. The mechanisms by which PELP1 modulates estrogen receptor genomic functions is not known. Here, using biochemical and scanning confocal microscopic analysis, we have demonstrated nuclear localization and functional implications of PELP1. Subnuclear fractionation showed PELP1 association with chromatin and nuclear matrix fractions. Ligand stimulation promoted recruitment of PELP1 to 17beta-estradiol responsive promoters, its colocalization with acetylated H3, and increased PELP1-associated histone acetyltransferase enzymatic activity. Far Western analysis revealed that PELP1 interacts with histone 1 and 3, with more preference toward histone 1. Using deletion analysis, we have identified the PELP1 COOH-terminal region as the histone 1 binding site. The PELP1 mutant lacking histone 1-binding domain acts as a dominant-negative and blocks estrogen receptor alpha-mediated transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed a cyclic association and dissociation of PELP1 with the promoter, with recruitment of histone 1 and PELP1 occurring in opposite phases. PELP1 overexpression increased the micrococcal nuclease sensitivity of estrogen response element-containing nucleosomes. Our results provide novel insights about the transcription regulation of PELP1 and suggest that PELP1 participates in chromatin remodeling activity via displacement of histone 1 in cancer cells.
The spring scheduling coprocessor: a scheduling accelerator (1999)

The spring scheduling coprocessor is a novel very large scale integration (VLSI) accelerator for multiprocessor real-time systems. The coprocessor can be used for static as well as online scheduling. Many different policies and their combinations can be used (e.g., earliest deadline first, highest value first, or resource-oriented policies such as earliest available time first). In this paper, we describe a coprocessor architecture, a CMOS implementation, an implementation of the host/coprocessor interface and a study of the overall performance improvement. We show that the current VLSI chip speeds up the main portion of the scheduling operation by over three orders of magnitude. We also present an overall system improvement analysis by accounting for the operating system overheads and identify the next set of bottlenecks to improve. The scheduling coprocessor includes several novel VLSI features. It is implemented as a parallel architecture for scheduling that is parameterized for different numbers of tasks, numbers of resources, and internal wordlengths. The architecture was implemented using a single-phase clocking style in several novel ways. The 328 000 transistor custom 2-/spl mu/m VLSI accelerator running with a 100-MHz clock, combined with careful hardware/software co-design results in a considerable performance improvement, thus removing a major bottleneck in real-time systems.
Characterization of Retinoic Acid-induced AP-1 Activity in B16 Mouse Melanoma Cells (1997)

Retinoic acid (RA) induces differentiation of B16 mouse melanoma cells, which is accompanied by an increase in protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) as well as a selective enrichment of nuclear PKCalpha. We report here that RA also increases AP-1 activity in these cells. Transient transfection of B16 cells with luciferase reporter gene constructs indicated that RA induced a concentration-dependent increase in AP-1 activity. Acute treatment (2 h) of B16 cells with phorbol dibutyrate (PDB) increased AP-1 activity by 10-fold. RA treatment did not change the expression of Jun family members; however, it decreased the expression of c-Fos. In contrast acute PDB treatment induced c-Fos expression, while having little effect on c-Jun. Five DNA-protein complexes were formed with nuclear extracts from B16 cells and an oligonucleotide containing an AP-1 consensus sequence. Several complexes were decreased in cells treated with RA. Conversely, certain complexes were increased in cells acutely treated with PDB. The slowest migrating complexes were shown to contain Fos family members. Down-regulation of PKC inhibited both the acute PDB-induced and the RA-induced increase in AP-1 activity. The selective PKC enzyme inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide, reduced PDB-stimulated AP-1 activity, but enhanced RA-induced AP-1 activity. These results together with our previous studies suggest the intriguing possibility that PKC protein, but not enzyme activity, may be required for RA-induced AP-1 activity.
Purification of rat liver N-heparan-sulfate sulfotransferase. (1988)

N-Heparan-sulfate sulfotransferase catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenilyl sulfate to the nitrogen of glucosamine in heparan sulfate. This reaction is an obligatory step for subsequent epimerization of D-glucuronic to L-iduronic acid and of O-sulfation of the sugar chains. We have purified this sulfotransferase from rat liver membranes to apparent homogeneity using a combination of conventional and affinity chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, heparin-agarose, 3',5'-ADP-agarose, wheat germ-Sepharose, and finally a glycerol gradient. The pure enzyme is a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 97,000. It was enriched in specific activity 65,000-fold over the homogenate. The recovery of activity was 4% of that of the homogenate. Preliminary enzymatic characterization of the purified sulfotransferase indicates a high degree of substrate specificity. Transfer of sulfate occurs to heparan sulfate, N-heparan sulfate, and N-desulfated heparin, but not to N-acetylated heparan sulfate, N-acetylated heparin, chondroitin, chondroitin sulfate, and tyrosine-containing tripeptides.
Demonstration of a jitter rejection technique for free-space laser communication (1997)

An active jitter compensation scheme intended for free space intersatellite laser communication, utilizing self-tuning feedforward compensation, is developed. It is implemented via computer-controlled analog circuitry. The theory, design, and implementation of the laboratory prototype are discussed. A performance evaluation, comparing the feedforward compensator with the existing closed-loop control, is presented with the feedforward technique demonstrating significant jitter reduction.
Model based cell-array OPC development for productivity improvement in memory device fabrication (2018)

Traditionally, optical proximity correction (OPC) on cell array patterns in memory layout uses simple bias rules to correct hierarchically-placed features, but requires intensive, rigorous lithographic simulations to maximize the wafer process latitude. This process requires time-consuming procedures to be performed on the full chip (excluding the cell arrays) to handle unique cell features and layout placements before (and even sometimes after) OPC. The time required limits productivity for both mask tapeouts and the wafer process development. In this paper, a new cell array OPC flow is introduced that reduces turnaround-time for mask tapeouts from days to hours, while maintaining acceptable OPC quality and the perfect geometric consistency on the OPC output that is critical for memory manufacturing. The flow comprises an effective sub-resolution assist features (SRAFs) insertion and OPC for both the cell array and the peripheral pattern areas. Both simulation and experimental results from actual wafer verification are discussed.
Thin autofocus camera module by a large-stroke micromachined deformable mirror (2010)

The conventional auto-focus and zoom image systems were made by a set of motor-moved lenses. Because of mechanical moving parts, it is not easy to miniaturize their sizes. In this paper, we propose a thin autofocus system using a large stroke MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) deformable mirror which has the potential to downscale the size and to minimize chromatic aberration. The large stroke MEMS deformable mirror is made by a polyimide membrane that has a maximum 12 microm displacement over a 3 mm aperture. The module size is 5.4 mm thick in optical design layout and 6.7 mm after packaging. This autofocus system is designed with the f-number=4.13, on-axis MTF=0.28 at full frequency of 230 cycles/mm, and incident light within+/-26 degree. The position of clear image can vary from 4 cm to 50 cm achieved by controlling the surface curvature of the MEMS deformable mirror.
Thermal Decomposition of Aluminum Chloride Hexahydrate (2005)

The decomposition rate of aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCl3·6H2O) was measured as weight loss at ambient pressure and elevated temperatures up to 270 °C. Such incomplete thermal decomposition produces a porous and reactive basic aluminum chloride [Al2O3·2HCl·2H2O or Al2(OH)4Cl2·H2O] which dissolves in water to give poly(aluminum chloride) used as an efficient flocculation agent. A slowly rising temperature method and very small sample masses, which minimize heat and mass transfer intrusions, were employed to determine intrinsic reaction rates. A fractional order kinetic equation of Arrhenius type was proposed for the decomposition and tested also against the results amassed by experiment in a constant temperature mode. This correlation allows the estimation of the reaction rate as a function of temperature and the extent of decomposition. It can be readily employed in modeling and simulation of the decomposition process. The contents of aluminum and chlorine in the decomposed solids were also explored in the course of the decomposition process. Pore volume (porosity), pore-size distribution, and BET surface area data were also collected on decomposed chloride particles.
Purification and characterization of DNA helicase III from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1993)

Two forms of DNA helicase activity, Rad3 and ATPase III, were previously purified from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterized. Here, we have identified and purified an additional DNA helicase activity from S. cerevisiae to near homogeneity. This helicase differs from those described previously in its chromatographic behavior, molecular weight, enzymatic properties, and genetic properties. Thus, we named it DNA helicase III. Its apparent molecular mass is about 120 kDa as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. DNA helicase III requires a divalent cation Mg2+ or Mn2+, either ATP or dATP, and a single-stranded portion on the duplex substrate. Helicase III moves in the 5'-->3' direction on single-stranded portions of the substrate and unwinds the strand of DNA in the 3'-->5' direction. It also has an intrinsic DNA-dependent ATPase (dATPase) activity that hydrolyzes either ATP or dATP to ADP or dADP and orthophosphate in the presence of DNA. DNA helicase III activity was not affected by either rad3 or radH mutations, suggesting that it is encoded by a gene different from RAD3 and RADH.
An algorithm and implementation to predict the arrival of transit vehicles (2002)

This paper presents an algorithm to predict transit vehicle arrival times up to an hour in advance. The time series of data from an automated vehicle location system, consisting of time and location pairs, is used with historical statistics in an optimal filtering framework to predict future arrivals.
Dual‐bandgap characteristics of spurline filters and its circuit modeling (2007)

Abstract A novel asymmetrical spurline filter is introduced in this article. Its dual‐bandgap characteristics are reported for the first time and can be adjusted by changing the difference between the two spurlines' lengths. Moreover, a simple circuit model is set up for the new filter by using two LCR‐resonators. The proposed spurline filter and its circuit model are discussed and verified by a good agreement between simulations and measurements. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2805–2807, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22862
The synthesis rules in a Chinese text-to-speech system (1989)

The synthesis rules developed for a successfully implemented Chinese text-to-speech system are described in detail. The design approach is based on a syllable concatenation that is rooted in the special characteristics of the Chinese language. Special attention given to the lexical tones and other prosodic rules, such as concatenation rules, sandhi rules, stress rules, intonation patterns, syllable duration rules, pause insertion rules, and energy modification rules. The rules are derived from the acoustic properties of Mandarin Chinese and therefore are useful not only in designing other Chinese text-to-speech systems, but also in understanding the characteristics of Mandarin sentences and processing Mandarin speech signals for other purposes such as segmentation or recognition. >
[Research and development of the wireless network system to monitor clinical nursing information]. (2010)

The system has strong practicality. which can provide information for clinical care, ensuring the safety of medical care.