gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Pathway Activity in Primary Tumors and NCI60 Cell Lines Using Gene Expression Profiling Data (2007)

To determine cancer pathway activities in nine types of primary tumors and NCI60 cell lines, we applied an in silica approach by examining gene signatures reflective of consequent pathway activation using gene expression data. Supervised learning approaches predicted that the Ras pathway is active in approximately 70% of lung adenocarcinomas but inactive in most squamous cell carcinomas, pulmonary carcinoids, and small cell lung carcinomas. In contrast, the TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, Src, Myc, E2F3, and beta-catenin pathways are inactive in lung adenocarcinomas. We predicted an active Ras, Myc, Src, and/or E2F3 pathway in significant percentages of breast cancer, colorectal carcinoma, and gliomas. Our results also suggest that Ras may be the most prevailing oncogenic pathway. Additionally, many NCI60 cell lines exhibited a gene signature indicative of an active Ras, Myc, and/or Src, but not E2F3, beta-catenin, TNF-alpha, or TGF-beta pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey of cancer pathway activities in nine major tumor types and the most widely used NCI60 cell lines. The "gene expression pathway signatures" we have defined could facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanisms in cancer development and provide guidance to the selection of appropriate cell lines for cancer research and pharmaceutical compound screening.
Antiangiogenics: The Potential Role of Integrating This Novel Treatment Modality With Chemoradiation for Solid Cancers (2007)

Although still in very early stages of clinical development, the combination of antiangiogenics with contemporary chemoradiotherapy regimens has emerged as a feasible and promising approach to many cancers. We review the rationale and the current understanding of antiangiogenics and their therapeutic potential in combination with chemoradiotherapy. Finally, we offer a perspective on future research directions aimed at making this complex therapeutic approach successful in the clinic.
LumiNOC: A Power-Efficient, High-Performance, Photonic Network-on-Chip (2014)

To meet energy-efficient performance demands, the computing industry has moved to parallel computer architectures, such as chip multiprocessors (CMPs), internally interconnected via networks-on-chip (NoC) to meet growing communication needs. Achieving scaling performance as core counts increase to the hundreds in future CMPs, however, will require high performance, yet energy-efficient interconnects. Silicon nanophotonics is a promising replacement for electronic on-chip interconnect due to its high bandwidth and low latency, however, prior techniques have required high static power for the laser and ring thermal tuning. We propose a novel nano-photonic NoC (PNoC) architecture, LumiNOC, optimized for high performance and power-efficiency. This paper makes three primary contributions: a novel, nanophotonic architecture which partitions the network into subnets for better efficiency; a purely photonic, in-band, distributed arbitration scheme; and a channel sharing arrangement utilizing the same waveguides and wavelengths for arbitration as data transmission. In a 64-node NoC under synthetic traffic, LumiNOC enjoys 50% lower latency at low loads and ~40% higher throughput per Watt on synthetic traffic, versus other reported PNoCs. LumiNOC reduces latencies ~40% versus an electrical 2-D mesh NoCs on the PARSEC shared-memory, multithreaded benchmark suite.
Design and implementation of a high speed parallel architecture for ATM UNI (2002)

In this paper, a parallel architecture is proposed to support the operations described in the ITU-T Recommendation I.432 (B-ISDN user-network interface-Physical layer specification). It is rather difficult to perform their operations on a bit serial architecture at a high rate. This paper demonstrates how these tasks can be achieved by means of parallelism. First, we describe the user-network interfaces in general and their physical layer properties. Then a parallel architecture is proposed with a general translation method which converts the serial operation into the parallel one. The application of the parallel architecture on each function is also depicted and the system has been realized in hardware using CMOS technology.
Enrichment of artificial sea water. A critical examination of Chelex-100 for group-wise analyte pre-concentration and matrix separation (1988)

Within the framework of a stability study in a project to propose stable solutions of trace elements that can be used as reference materials for the analysis of, inter alia, sea water and mineralised biological materials, Chelex-100 was used for sample enrichment prior to establishing possible variations of the concentration of the test elements (Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) as a function of the storage time. As ICP-AES was the analytical method of choice, group-wise concentration of trace elements is preferred. The widely varying success with which Chelex-100 has been used for sample enrichment compelled us to undertake a systematic examination of each of the procedures involved in sample enrichment.It became apparent that the conditions required for the realisation of experimentally controlled trace-element recovery are considerably more critical than is generally assumed. Thus, it appears that pH, column washing conditions and amount of resin are the most critical parameters. Under the derived optimum conditions, quantitative recovery was attained for Cd, Co, Cu, Pb and Zn from artificial sea water that was spiked with these test elements in the concentration range 5–100 µg l–1. The resulting enrichment factor was sufficient for the aim intended.
Hydroxide Degradation Pathways for Imidazolium Cations: A DFT Study (2014)

Imidazolium cations are promising candidates as covalently tetherable cations for application in anion exchange membranes. They have generated specific interest in alkaline membrane fuel cell applications where ammonium-based cations have been the most commonly applied but have been found to be susceptible to hydroxide attack. In the search for high stability cations, a detailed understanding of the degradation pathways and reaction barriers is required. In this work, we investigate imidazolium and benzimidazolium cations in the presence of hydroxide using density functional theory calculations for their potential in alkaline membrane fuel cells. The dominant degradation pathway for these cations is predicted to be the nucleophilic addition–elimination pathway at the C-2 atom position on the imidazolium ring. Steric interferences, introduced by substitutions at the C-2, C-4, and C-5 atom positions, were investigated and found to have a significant, positive impact on calculated degradation energy barriers. Benzimidazolium cations, with their larger conjugated systems, are predicted to degrade much faster than their imidazolium counterparts. The reported results provide important insight into designing stable cations for anion exchange membranes. Some of the molecules studied have significantly increased degradation energy barriers suggesting that they could possess significantly improved (several orders of magnitude) durability compared to traditional cations and potentially enable new applications.
Main Peak Profiles of Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Si(001) Wafers Excited by Monochromatic X-Ray Beam W-Lβ (II) (1993)

In the mapping of trace metal impurities on a Si wafer by the total reflection X-ray fluorescent (TXRF) analysis with use of monochromatic W-Lβ radiation, the trace metal impurity peaks as well as a main peak profile show a drastic change even with a slight translation of the measurement position on the wafer surface. This phenomenon is shown to arise from multiple effects: in the TXRF system (Technos TREX-610) the measurement point is adjusted by movements based on the polar coordinates and the incident X-ray beam is diffracted in the direction of the detector with high intensity when the Bragg-reflection condition is satisfied [I. Yakushiji et al .: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31 (1992) 2872]. X-ray fluorescent peaks of Fe-Kα and Ni-Kα radiations with very small intensity were found to be influenced by the intensity of the W-Lβ radiation detected by the X-ray fluorescent detector. It is pointed out that this is very important in estimating the accuracy of the measurement data.
Non Invasive Sensors for Monitoring the Efficiency of AC Electrical Rotating Machines (2010)

This paper presents a non invasive method for estimating the energy efficiency of induction motors used in industrial applications. This method is innovative because it is only based on the measurement of the external field emitted by the motor. The paper describes the sensors used, how they should be placed around the machine in order to decouple the external field components generated by both the air gap flux and the winding end-windings. The study emphasizes the influence of the eddy currents flowing in the yoke frame on the sensor position. A method to estimate the torque from the external field use is proposed. The measurements are transmitted by a wireless module (Zig-Bee) and they are centralized and stored on a PC computer.
A path density protocol for MANETs (2006)

Knowing or being able to measure the "path density" at sources of communications is essential to provide fair capacity distribution between sessions in multi-hop ad hoc networks. We propose and have implemented PDP, a path density recording protocol. In this paper we describe PDP, discuss protocol design options and explain how it was piggybacked onto an existing reactive routing scheme. We assess the validity of our approach both using simulations and real world measurements.
Reaction of Phosphine with Isocyanates (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Phosphine with IsocyanatesSHELDON A. BUCKLERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 10, 1460–1462Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01092a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views322Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (408 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Fast Algorithms for Detecting Circular VAR Flows in Large Power-Flow Models (2008)

Circular VAR flows are mainly caused by improper coordination of reactive power control devices such as transformers in the power system. Circular VAR flow results in wastage of reactive power resources, and could lead to higher line currents as well as unnecessary switching of reactive power controls. In large power system, locating the presence of circular VAR flows is a challenging task. By treating the reactive power-flow problem as a directed graph, two new algorithms are proposed in the paper for detection of circular VAR flows. The first algorithm extends the standard graph theory approach by finding all the strongly connected components of a graph. The second algorithm is based on certain simple yet powerful necessary conditions for circular VAR loops in power systems that are proposed in this paper. The two algorithms are shown to be extremely fast by detecting all circular VAR loops in two large-scale power-flow models.
Elevated levels of total and dengue virus‐specific immunoglobulin E in patients with varying disease severity (2003)

The kinetics of total and dengue virus-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) were studied in serial serum samples obtained from 168 patients, 41 of whom suffered from primary dengue virus infection and 127 suffered from secondary dengue virus infection. Seventy-one patients were classified as dengue fever, 30 as dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 67 as dengue shock syndrome. A control group included single serum samples from patients with a herpes virus infection (n = 14), non-dengue febrile patients (n = 10), and healthy blood donors (n = 10). Patients with dengue virus infection had higher levels of total and dengue virus-specific IgE than non-dengue patients (P < 0.05). Patients with secondary dengue virus infections had not significantly increased levels of both total and dengue virus-specific IgE in the acute phase of disease compared to patients with primary dengue virus infections. Dengue virus-specific IgE was significantly higher in dengue hemorrhagic fever and/or dengue shock syndrome patients compared to dengue fever and non-dengue patients (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study showed elevated total and dengue virus-specific IgE serum antibody levels in the acute stage of disease. Therefore, measurement of both total and dengue virus-specific IgE serum antibodies can be used as an additional prognostic marker in the development of severe complications in dengue virus infections. In addition, the presence and increase of dengue virus-specific IgE serum antibodies in patients with dengue virus infections is suggestive of the pathogenetic role that IgE may play in the hemostatic disorders observed in dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome.
Renewable Energy in Water and Wastewater Treatment Applications; Period of Performance: April 1, 2001--September 1, 2001 (2003)

This guidebook will help readers understand where and how renewable energy technologies can be used for water and wastewater treatment applications. It is specifically designed for rural and small urban center water supply and wastewater treatment applications. This guidebook also provides basic information for selecting water resources and for various kinds of commercially available water supply and wastewater treatment technologies and power sources currently in the market.
Baseband estimation and compensation of joint TX/RX I/Q imbalance in SC-FDE transceivers (2009)

Previous work on I/Q imbalance in SC-FDE transceivers investigates the effect of receiver I/Q imbalance but does not consider Doppler effects due to mobility. SCFDE in doubly-selective channels is studied without considering I/Q imbalance. In this paper, we derive an equivalent channel model for SC-FDE in the presence of both joint Tx/Rx I/Q imbalance and mobility and present an effective low-complexity digital baseband compensation scheme. Furthermore, we propose a novel joint channel and I/Q imbalance parameter estimation scheme for SC-FDE transceivers.
Multiclass reduced-set support vector machines (2006)

There are well-established methods for reducing the number of support vectors in a trained binary support vector machine, often with minimal impact on accuracy. We show how reduced-set methods can be applied to multiclass SVMs made up of several binary SVMs, with significantly better results than reducing each binary SVM independently. Our approach is based on Burges' approach that constructs each reduced-set vector as the pre-image of a vector in kernel space, but we extend this by recomputing the SVM weights and bias optimally using the original SVM objective function. This leads to greater accuracy for a binary reduced-set SVM, and also allows vectors to be "shared" between multiple binary SVMs for greater multiclass accuracy with fewer reduced-set vectors. We also propose computing pre-images using differential evolution, which we have found to be more robust than gradient descent alone. We show experimental results on a variety of problems and find that this new approach is consistently better than previous multiclass reduced-set methods, sometimes with a dramatic difference.
X-Ray Gated Images Of Imploding Microballoons (1989)

A four-frame, fast gated microchannel plate x-ray detector has been used on the OMEGA laser system to obtain two-dimensional, time-resolved pinhole camera images (in the 1-2.5 keV region) of imploding laser fusion targets. The camera, which has a frame time less than 150 ps has proven to be a valuable tool, both in recording implosion dynamics and in detecting and identifying implosion non-uniformities.
Effects of a DA2/α2 Agonist and a β1-Blocker in Combination with an ACE Inhibitor on Adrenergic Activity and Left Ventricular Remodeling in an Experimental Model of Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Coronary Artery Occlusion (1999)

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems overactivity play a major role in worsening the extent of heart failure. Attenuation of neurohumoral activation with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and beta-blockers has proven beneficial in congestive heart failure. Because ACE inhibition is a recommended treatment for heart failure, this study was designed to test the effects on neurohumoral activation, hemodynamics, and left ventricular (LV) volume of the combination of an ACE inhibitor (delapril) with a DA2-dopaminergic receptor/alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist (CHF-1024) or a beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist (metoprolol) after a moderate to large myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. MI was induced by left coronary artery ligation in 134 rats, and six were not operated on. After 2 months, the animals with ECG evidence of MI were treated for 1 more month with CHF- 1024, 0.33 mg/kg/day or with metoprolol (10 mg/kg/day), delivered through implanted osmotic minipumps, in addition to delapril (6 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water. Daily urinary excretion of norepinephrine (NE) and circulating concentration were measured. Hemodynamic variables were measured, and three-dimensional morphometric analysis was done on the diastole-arrested hearts to quantify infarct size and LV geometry. In conscious animals, delapril alone or with CHF-1024 or metropolol did not modify heart rate or systolic blood pressure. Both combination treatments, however, significantly reduced heart rate in anesthetized animals compared with the group receiving vehicle. Infarct size was not different between treatments, averaging 20-22% of LV volume. The threefold increase of LV chamber volume in infarcted rats was significantly attenuated by delapril alone or with CHF-1024 or metoprolol (-37 to -44%, p<0.05). Treatment with a combination of the ACEi and CHF-1024 tended to normalize the shape of the LV cavity. Urinary NE excretion was unaffected by delapril alone but was reduced by the addition of CHF-1024 or metoprolol. In conclusion, 1 month of treatment with doses of delapril having no hemodynamic effect, reduced LV volume in a model of chronic heart failure. When CHF-1024 or metoprolol was given with delapril, sympathetic activation decreased with no unwanted effects, such as excessive hypotension.
Photoelectrocatalysis: principles, nanoemitter applications and routes to bio-inspired systems (2010)

An overview on processes that are relevant in light-induced fuel generation, such as water photoelectrolysis or carbon dioxide reduction, is given. Considered processes encompass the photophysics of light absorption, excitation energy transfer to catalytically active sites and interfacial reactions at the catalyst/solution phase boundary. The two major routes envisaged for realization of photoelectrocatalytic systems, e.g. bio-inspired single photon catalysis and multiple photon inorganic or hybrid tandem cells, are outlined. For development of efficient tandem cell structures that are based on non-oxidic semiconductors, stabilization strategies are presented. Physical surface passivation is described using the recently introduced nanoemitter concept which is also applicable in photovoltaic (solid state or electrochemical) solar cells and first results with p-Si and p-InP thin films are presented. Solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies reach 12.1% for homoepitaxial InP thin films covered with Rh nanoislands. In the pursuit to develop biologically inspired systems, enzyme adsorption onto electrochemically nanostructured silicon surfaces is presented and tapping mode atomic force microscopy images of heterodimeric enzymes are shown. An outlook towards future envisaged systems is given.
Formation of a Novel Polypyrrole/Porous Phosphate Glass Ceramic Nanocomposite (1999)

Este trabalho focaliza a obteno de um novo nanocompsito, formado mediante a polimerizao in situ de monmeros de pirrol na superfcie dos poros de vitrocermicas porosas com esqueleto LiTi2(PO4)3, aps troca-inica com cobre. This work is concerned with evidences of a new composite system, formed by in situ polimerization of pyrrole moieties in the copper-exchanged pore surface of LiTi2(PO4)3 glass ceramic.
Hyaluronic Acid and Dextran-Based Semi-IPN Hydrogels as Biomaterials for Bioprinting (2011)

Bioprinting is a recent technology in tissue engineering used for the design of porous constructs through layer-by-layer deposition of cell-laden material. This technology would benefit from new biomaterials that can fulfill specific requirements for the fabrication of well-defined 3D constructs, such as the preservation of cell viability and adequate mechanical properties. We evaluated the suitability of a novel semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN), based on hyaluronic acid and hydroxyethyl-methacrylate-derivatized dextran (dex-HEMA), to form 3D hydrogel bioprinted constructs. The rheological properties of the solutions allowed proper handling during bioprinting, whereas photopolymerization led to stable constructs of which their mechanical properties matched the wide range of mechanical strengths of natural tissues. Importantly, excellent viability was observed for encapsulated chondrocytes. The results demonstrate the suitability of hyaluronic acid/dex-HEMA semi-IPNs to manufacture bioprinted constructs for tissue engineering.
Development of subpicosecond Yb:YAG laser for material processing (2000)

The use of sub-ps laser pulses for material processing results in very precise cutting and drilling with high efficiency. But the energy of femtosecond laser pulse is essentially small. To accomplish high throughput for the industrial applications, it is required to operate the laser system at a high repetition rate and thus at a high average power. Therefore, we decided to develop a LD-pumped femtosecond MHz Yb:YAG MOPA laser system. As a first step, the development of a Yb:YAG oscillator, which employs Kerr-lens mode locking, is in progress.
The design and implementation of a prototype exokernel operating system (1995)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.
Studies on dissolution of carbohydrates in ionic liquids and extraction from aqueous phase (2009)

An extended study on the solubility of the carbohydrates glucose, fructose, sucrose and lactose in twenty eight different ionic liquids (ILs) was performed. These ILs were based on the combination of tetraalkylammonium, tetraalkylphosphonium, 1-methyl-3-alkylimidazolium and dimethyl-tetraalkylguanidinium cations containing alkyl and ether pendant substituent groups, and anions of chloride, dicyanamide, saccharine, acesulfame, acetate or thiocyanate. It was possible to achieve solubilities, at 35 °C, of each carbohydrate up to 43.9, 49.0, 17.1 and 16.6% (g of carbohydrate per 100 g of IL), respectively. The possibility to extract carbohydrates from an aqueous phase by hydrophobic ILs was also demonstrated. Besides, some selectivity for a mixture of two carbohydrates was also observed.