gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating the frequency of a noisy sinusoid by linear regression (Corresp.) (1985)

The estimation of the parameters of a sinusoid from observations of signal samples corrupted by additive noise is investigated. At high signal-to-noise ratios the additive noise is viewed as an equivalent phase noise, suggesting frequency and phase estimation by linear regression on the signal phase. The variances of the regression estimates are shown to achieve the Cramer-Rao bounds. A formula for the variance of the regression frequency estimator is derived in terms of the noise power spectrum. A simple formula for the variance with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/f^{2}</tex> phase noise is presented.
<title>Optical and electronic error correction schemes for highly parallel access memories</title> (1993)

We have fabricated and tested an optically addressed, parallel electronic Reed-Solomon decoder for use with parallel access optical memories. A comparison with various serial implementations has demonstrated that for many instances of code block size and error correction capability, the parallel approach is superior from the perspectives of VLSI layout area and decoding latency. The demonstrated Reed-Solomon parallel pipeline decoder operates on 60 bit input words and has been demonstrated at a clock rate of 5 MHz yielding a demonstrated data rate of 300 Mbps.
Taking Complement to the Clinic – has the Time Finally Come? (2009)

Complement has been studied for over a century and its role in promoting the effector side of antibody-mediated immune reactions and of inducing inflammation is well understood. Nevertheless, it has proved surprisingly difficult to translate this information into pharmaceutical agents that can be used to treat immunopathological and inflammatory disease. There are, however, now clear signs that this situation will change. New types of therapeutic agents to interfere with complement function are being developed and it has become apparent quite recently that some common and otherwise untreatable diseases such as age-related macular degeneration are very largely due to mutations in the complement system that leads to a hyperinflammatory state. This has stimulated a renaissance of interest in the complement system as a therapeutic target and in this short review we discuss the possible ways of taking complement to the clinic, and the indications for which this may be carried out.
Folded conical helix antenna (2001)

A novel conical monopole antenna composed of multiple spiral wires for the HF to VHF frequency bands is presented. The antenna exhibits broad bandwidth and good efficiency in an electrically small package. Broadbanding and impedance matching techniques used during the design process of this antenna are described. Measured data from a VHF version of this antenna is shown. The performance of this antenna is then compared to the performance of other electrically small antennas.
John Lorne Campbell. Duain Ghaidhealach mu bliadhna Thearlaich (Highland Songs of the Forty-five). Edited and Translated with Glossary and Notes. Edinburgh, John Grant, 1933 (1937)

Fraser J. John Lorne Campbell. Duain Ghaidhealach mu bliadhna Thearlaich (Highland Songs of the Forty-five). Edited and Translated with Glossary and Notes. Edinburgh, John Grant, 1933. In: Etudes Celtiques, vol. 2, fascicule 3, 1937. pp. 137-138.
Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the novel αv-integrin antibody EMD 525797 (DI17E6) in healthy subjects after ascending single intravenous doses (2013)

Ascending single doses of EMD 525797 were shown to be safe and well tolerated. No safety concerns were identified. This study supports the ongoing investigation of EMD 525797.
Osteotomy of the fusion mass in scoliosis. (1982)

The value of an osteotomy of the fusion mass in attaining realignment of the spine when a lateral shift of the trunk over the pelvis has developed in the frontal plane was studied in fifty-five patients. All had had a previously fused but progressive spinal deformity. The indications for osteotomy were progression of the curve, imbalance of the trunk, pain, deteriorating cardiopulmonary function, or pseudarthrosis, or a combination of these conditions. Twenty-one patients had idiopathic scoliosis; fourteen, congenital scoliosis; ten, paralytic scoliosis; four, myelodysplastic scoliosis; and six had scoliosis secondary to miscellaneous conditions. A total of 154 osteotomies of the fusion mass, or 2.8 osteotomies per patient, were performed. Nine patients underwent an anterior spinal osteotomy or wedge resection as well. Most had a two-stage procedure which consisted of a posterior osteotomy, halo-femoral traction, and a posterior re-fusion with Harrington instrumentation two weeks later. At an average follow-up of thirty-two months, it was found that osteotomy of the fusion mass enabled the surgeon to realign the trunk over the pelvis and to correct pelvis obliquity, but correction of the angular deformity was only secondary. Although the rate of complications was high (51 per cent, including one postoperative death), osteotomy of the fusion mass and re-fusion may be indicated in a patient with a previously fused but progressively unbalanced, painful deformity of the spine.
Palm Date Fibers: Analysis and Enzymatic Hydrolysis (2010)

Waste palm dates were subjected to analysis for composition and enzymatic hydrolysis of their flesh fibers. The fruit contained 32% glucose and 30% fructose, while the water-insoluble fibers of its flesh consisted of 49.9% lignin and 20.9% polysaccharides. Water-insoluble fibers were settled to 55% of its initial volume in 12 h. The presence of skin and flesh colloidal fibers results in high viscosity and clogging problems during industrial processes. The settling velocity of the fibers was improved by enzymatic hydrolysis. Hydrolysis resulted in 84.3% conversion of the cellulosic part of the fibers as well as reducing the settling time to 10 minutes and the final settled volume to 4% of the initial volume. It implies easier separation of the fibers and facilitates fermentation processes in the corresponding industries. Two kinds of high- and low-lignin fibers were identified from the water-insoluble fibers. The high-lignin fibers (75% lignin) settled easily, while the low-lignin fibers (41.4% lignin) formed a slurry suspension which settled very slowly. The hydrophilicity of these low-lignin fibers is the major challenge of the industrial processes.
Decision directed channel estimation for improving performance in LTE-A (2010)

The use of decision directed (DD) channel estimation in a MIMO-OFDM downlink receiver with a LTE pilot structure is studied in this paper. The space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) algorithm is used to improve the receiver performance from the one obtained by using the pilot symbol based least-squares (LS) channel estimator. The DD channel estimation improves the performance with high user velocities, where the pilot symbol density is not sufficient. The DD channel estimation can also be used to reduce the pilot overhead without any performance degradation by transmitting data instead of pilot symbols. The complexity of the SAGE channel estimator is discussed as well.
Effect of Kaolin/pesf Ratio and Sintering Temperature on Pore Size and Porosity of the Kaolin Membrane Support (2011)

This study discusses the effect of kaolin/PESf ratio and sintering temperature on the pore size and porosity of the flat sheet kaolin membrane support. Inexpensive kaolin has been proposed as a replacement for A12O3, Ti2O and ZrO2 as a membrane material. In casting the support precursor, Polyethersulfone (PESf), solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and kaolin were used as a polymer binder, solvent and ceramic powder, respectively. The morphology structure and pore size were observed under the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the porosity were obtained by calculation using weight loss, area and thickness data of the prepared support. The results showed that both of the membrane pore size and porosity linearly decreased from 20 to 8 I¼m and 26 to 11%, respectively when sintering temperature was increased from 1100 to 1500Â°C and kaolin/PESf ratio was increased from 1:1 to 3.5:1.
The EBNA-2 arginine-glycine domain is critical but not essential for B-lymphocyte growth transformation; the rest of region 3 lacks essential interactive domains (1994)

Since deletion of region 3 (amino acids [aa] 333 to 425) of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 2 (EBNA-2) results in EBV recombinants which cannot transform primary B lymphocytes (J. I. Cohen, F. Wang, and E. Kieff, J. Virol. 65:2545-2554, 1991), the role of domains of region 3 was investigated. Deletion of the Arg-Gly repeat domain, R-337GQSRGRGRGRGRGRGKG354, results in EBV recombinants that transform primary B lymphocytes with modestly decreased activity. The transformed cells grow slowly and are difficult to expand. EBNA-2 deleted for the Arg-Gly domain does not associate with the nuclear chromatin fraction. The Arg-Gly repeat has an intrinsic ability to bind to histone H1, to other proteins, including EBNA-1, and to nucleic acids, especially poly(G). Two independent deletions of each part of the rest of region 3 (aa 359 to 383 and 385 to 430) have little effect on transformation, while deletion of the rest of region 3 (aa 361 to 425) as a single segment substantially reduces transformation efficiency. EBNA-2 deleted for all of region 3 can still transactivate the LMP1 promoter in transient expression assays but is less active than EBNA-2 in transactivating the BamHI-C promoter. EBNA-2 deleted for the Arg-Gly domain is better than EBNA-2 at transactivating the LMP1 promoter and is as active as EBNA-2 in transactivating the BamHI-C promoter. These data are most compatible with a model in which the Arg-Gly domain of region 3 is a modulator of EBNA-2 interactions and activities, while the rest of region 3 is important in positioning the region 2 J kappa binding domain relative to the region 4 acidic transactivating domain. Despite the null phenotype of the region 3 deletion, region 3 is unlikely to mediate essential interactions with other proteins.
Room geometry inference based on spherical microphone array eigenbeam processing (2013)

The knowledge of parameters characterizing an acoustic environment, such as the geometric information about a room, can be used to enhance the performance of several audio applications. In this paper, a novel method for three-dimensional room geometry inference based on robust and high-resolution beamforming techniques for spherical microphone arrays is presented. Unlike other approaches that are based on the measurement and processing of multiple room impulse responses, here, microphone array signal processing techniques for uncontrolled broadband acoustic signals are applied. First, the directions of arrival (DOAs) and time differences of arrival (TDOAs) of the direct signal and room reflections are estimated using high-resolution robust broadband beamforming techniques and cross-correlation analysis. In this context, the main challenges include the low reflected-signal to background-noise power ratio, the low energy of reflected signals relative to the direct signal, and their strong correlation with the direct signal and among each other. Second, the DOA and TDOA information is combined to infer the room geometry using geometric relations. The high accuracy of the proposed room geometry inference technique is confirmed by experimental evaluations based on both simulated and measured data for moderately reverberant rooms.
The enzymatic degradation of polymers <i>in vitro</i> (1987)

Specimens of 14C-labeled poly(ethylene terephthalate), nylon 66, and poly(methyl methacrylate) have been synthesized and exposed, in vitro, to a number of enzyme solutions. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) was found to be affected by esterase and papain, although in different ways, but not by trypsin or chymotrypsin. Nylon 66 was unaffected by esterase but degraded by the other three. Poly(methyl methacrylate) was not affected by any of these enzymes. This indicates that some nominally stable polymers are susceptible to degradation by enzymes under some circumstances. The amount of degradation is small, but could have significant sequelae should it be reproduced in vivo.
The hemodynamics of erectile dysfunction following nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy. (1996)

These data strongly support a vascular mechanism in the genesis of post-NSRRP impotence. This mechanism is predominantly arterial in nature, but some men have a mixed pattern with both arterial and venous components. The postoperative arterial insufficiency may be the result of intraoperative injury to the accessory pudendal artery. The exact means by which CVOD develops in this situation remains unclear at this time.
Adrenal responses to corticotrophin‐releasing factor in conscious hypophysectomized calves. (1990)

1. Adrenal responses to intra-aortic infusions of pure synthetic ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) have been investigated in functionally hypophysectomized calves previously fitted with an adrenal clamp. 2. CRF caused an increase in the output of cortisol from the adrenal gland, which was dose related over the range 4-8 pmol min-1 and maximal at the higher of these doses; this response was observed at a dose below that which produced any change in adrenal vascular resistance. Cortisol output was also found to be related linearly to the rate at which CRF was estimated to be presented to the gland during these infusions. 3. The infusions of CRF also provoked the release of small, but readily detectable, amounts of adrenocorticotrophin-like peptides (ACTH) from the gland. This was mainly in the form of ACTH1-39 with some pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) also being released. 4. Comparison of the adrenal steroidogenic response to exogenous CRF with that to synthetic ACTH1-24 showed that CRF was the more potent; in each case cortisol output was related linearly to the presentation rate of the peptide. 5. It is concluded that the adrenal cortex in the calf is capable of releasing cortisol in response to exogenous CRF at low concentrations and is even more sensitive to CRF than it is to exogenous ACTH over the dose range that was employed.
Expression of neural cell adhesion molecules (polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule and L1‐cell adhesion molecule) on resected small cell lung cancer specimens: In relation to proliferation state (2001)

The expression of NCAM with PSA side chains might be a prognostic factor and NCAM a marker for SCLC. L1-CAM may be synthesized independent of state of proliferation of individual tumor cell and may affect clinical feature of SCLC.
Stimulation of ADP‐Ribosyl Cyclase Activity of the Cell Surface Antigen CD38 by Zinc Ions Resulting from Inhibition of Its NAD<sup>+</sup> Glycohydrolase Activity (1996)

The lymphocyte cell surface antigen, CD38, which has an amino acid sequence similar to Aplysia ADP-ribosyl cyclase, catalyzes not only the hydrolysis of NAD+ and 1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl) adenosine 5'-phosphate cyclic anhydride (cyclic ADP-ribose) but also the formation of cyclic ADP-ribose from NAD+. To characterize the bifunctional enzyme properties, we produced the recombinant CD38 fused with a maltose-binding protein (MBP-CD38). Zinc ions stimulated the ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity of MBP-CD38, but inversely inhibited its NAD+ glycohydrolase activity which was approximately 100-fold dominant to the cyclase activity in the absence of Zn2+. Such dual effects of Zn2+ were also observed in the native membrane-bound CD38 of HL-60 cells which had been caused to differentiate by retinoic acid. Zinc ions inhibited the NAD+ glycohydrolase reaction catalyzed by MBP-CD38 in an uncompetitive manner, whereas they enhanced the ADP-ribosyl cyclase reaction without affecting the Km value for NAD+. There was an increase in the fluorescence intensity of a hydrophobic fluorescent probe, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate, in the presence of MBP-CD38. The fluorescence increase was further enhanced by the addition of Zn2+ with a shift in the maximum emission wavelength from 484 nm to 470 nm, suggesting that Zn2+ caused conformational changes of MBP-CD38. These results indicate that Zn2+ directly interacts with CD38 to stimulate its ADP-ribosyl cyclase with inhibition of its NAD+ glycohydrolase, probably due to prevention of the access of water molecule to an intermediate of the enzymesubstrate complex.
Volume graphics (1993)

Volume graphics, which employs a volume buffer of voxels for 3D scene representation, is discussed. Volume graphics offers advantages over surface graphics: it is viewpoint independent, insensitive to scene and object complexity, and suitable for the representation of sampled and simulated data sets. Moreover, geometric objects can be mixed with these data sets. Volume graphics supports the visualization of internal structures and lends itself to the realization of block operations, constructive solid geometry modeling, irregular voxel sizes, and hierarchical representation. The problems associated with the volume buffer representation (such as discreteness, memory size, processing time, and loss of geometric representation) are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Heavy- and light-hole character of optical transitions in InAs/GaAs single-monolayer quantum wells (1992)

We examine the nature of the optical transitions in InAs/GaAs single-monolayer quantum wells grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The heavy- and light-hole character of the observed transitions is revealed by monitoring the linear polarization of the emitted luminescence and by selective excitation of the states by linearly polarized light. In addition, these experiments provide information about the band alignment between InAs and GaAs.
Contracts evaluation of software and services acquisition in outsourcing (2010)

Contract plays an important role while outsourcing relationship exists. If an organization decides to acquire software and services products, the contract is a fundamental mechanism to ensure that expectations are realized. This paper describes a contract evaluation method for Software and Services Acquisition Organizations, which allows minimizing the causes of failure in the relationship between acquirer and supplier.
www.treatobacco.net (2003)

The Society for Research in Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT) and World Health Organization (WHO), in a collaborative initiative between public and private organisations, have created a free internet based resource, www.treatobacco.net, for those working on the treatment of tobacco dependence. This innovative project was started with a grant from three pharmaceutical companies, …
Evaluations and Considerations for Self-Assembled Monolayer Field-Effect Transistors (2002)

We elucidate the key chemical and physical requirements necessary for the future successful design and fabrication of molecular field-effect devices. We show that the molecular assembly, device fabrication, and electrical measurements of reported self-assembled monolayer field-effect transistors (SAMFETs) cannot be reproduced. Carrier tunneling and device electrostatics place minimum molecular lengths of L > 2.5−3 nm and minimum gate dielectric thickness tdielectric ≲ L/1.5 for such devices. In conflict with reported SAMFET device characteristics, for the values of L and tdielectric in these structures, it is fundamentally impossible to either turn the devices off or to obtain a significant field-effect. Synthesis, assembly, and characterization of functionalized molecular systems and fabrication and characterization of appropriately scaled device structures may enable the successful preparation of a molecular field-effect transistor.
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Class II Histone Deacetylase, HDAC10 (2002)

A novel histone deacetylase, HDAC10, was isolated from a mixed tissue human cDNA library. HDAC10 was classified as a class II subfamily member based upon similarity to HDAC6. The genomic structure of HDAC10 was found to consist of 20 exons. HDAC10 has two sequence variants, HDAC10v1 and HDAC10v2, and two transcripts were detectable by Northern blot analysis. HDAC10v1 and HDAC10v2 were found to be identical through exon 17 but diverged after this exon. HDAC10v2 has an 82-bp alternate exon that generates a frameshift and shortens the sequence by 11 amino acids. In this study, the characterization of HDAC10v1 was performed. HDAC10v1 has an N-terminal catalytic domain, two putative C-terminal retinoblastoma protein binding domains, and a nuclear hormone receptor binding motif. The HDAC10v1 enzyme was found to be catalytically active based upon its ability to deacetylate a (3)H-acetylated histone H4 N-terminal peptide. Immunofluorescence detection of transfected HDAC10v1-FLAG indicated that the enzyme is a nuclear protein. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicated that HDAC10v1 associated with HDAC2 and SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors). In addition, based upon the public data base, a single nucleotide polymorphism was found in the C terminus of HDAC10 which changes a Gly residue to Cys, suggesting that HDAC10 molecules containing these single nucleotide polymorphisms may be folded improperly. HDAC10 extends the HDAC superfamily and adds to a growing number of HDACs that have been found to have splice variants, suggesting that RNA processing may play a role in mediating the activity of HDACs.
Midprediction error filtering approach to the detection of glottal closing instants (2002)

The paper presents a new method, midprediction (MIDP) error filter, for the detection of the glottal closing instants (GCIs) in vowel speech signals. The performance of midprediction error filter in the detection of GCIs has been compared with the linear prediction (LP) error filter and two-sided prediction (TP) error filter. The MIDP error filter is observed to have higher gain at high frequencies compared to the LP error filter and the TP error filter. This helps in better performance of MIDP error filter in the detection of GCIs. Because of the zero phase response of the MIDP error filter, there will be no loss of timing information in the detection of the GCIs.
Comparative abuse liability of GHB and ethanol in humans. (2013)

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB; sodium oxybate) is approved for narcolepsy symptom treatment, and it is also abused. This study compared the participant-rated, observer-rated effects, motor/cognitive, physiological, and reinforcing effects of GHB and ethanol in participants with histories of sedative (including alcohol) abuse. Fourteen participants lived on a residential unit for ∼1 month. Sessions were conducted Monday through Friday. Measures were taken before and repeatedly up to 24 hours after drug administration. Participants were administered GHB (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g/70 kg), ethanol (12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 g/70 kg), or placebo in a double-blind, within-subjects design. For safety, GHB and ethanol were administered in an ascending dose sequence, with placebos and both drugs intermixed across sessions. The sequence for each drug was stopped if significant impairment or intolerable effects occurred. Only 9 and 10 participants received the full dose range for GHB and ethanol, respectively. The highest doses of GHB and ethanol showed onset within 30 minutes, with peak effects at 60 minutes. GHB effects dissipated between 4 and 6 hours, whereas ethanol effects dissipated between 6 and 8 hours. Dose-related effects were observed for both drugs on a variety of measures assessing sedative drug effects, abuse liability, performance impairment, and physiological effects. Within-session measures of abuse liability were similar between the two drugs. However, postsession measures of abuse liability, including a direct preference test between the highest tolerated doses of each drug, suggested somewhat greater abuse liability for GHB, most likely as a result of the delayed aversive ethanol effects (e.g., headache).