gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using a multilayer perceptrons for accurate modeling of quasi-fractal patch antennas (2010)

A multilayer perceptrons (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN) with one hidden layer and trained through the efficient resilient backpropagation (RPROP) algorithm is used for modeling quasi-fractal patch antennas. The design of the proposed antenna is based on the application of rectangular Koch fractal curve to the edges of a conventional microstrip inset-fed patch antenna. The electromagnetic (EM) characterization of the patch antennas was performed using the Ansoft DesignerTM software that uses the method of moments. A parametric analysis was developed as function of the dielectric substrate thickness and size of the quasi-fractal patch antennas. Considering the region of interest of the design parameters a representative EM-dataset was obtained to develop the MLP network model using the conventional EM-ANN neuromodeling technique. The MLP model is able to estimates the behavior of the antennas with very good accuracy and low computational cost. Good agreement is observed between simulated and measured results.
Ethylene and cytokinin signalling in plants: the role of two-component systems. (1997)

Two-component systems involve the use of histidine kinases and response-regulator proteins, and allow for the perception of a variety of signals. ETR1 is an ethylene receptor in plants, and contains domains with sequence similarity to histidine kinases and response regulators. Ethylene signalling involves a phosphorylation cascade, employing both histidine kinases and serine/threonine kinases. CKI1 is involved in the cytokinin signalling pathway in plants, and contains domains with sequence similarity to histidine kinases and response regulators. The identification of two-component systems in eukaryotes indicates that this is a general signalling mechanism, not limited solely to prokaryotes.
Computer simulation and the performance capabilities of the Navstar space-based navigation system (1981)

Six Navstar navigation satellites are presently traveling through space 10,898 nautical miles above the earth. By 1987, the operational constellation, which will consist of at least 18 larger and more advanced satellites, will be providing continuous navigation coverage to a worldwide class of civilian and military users. The Navstar satellite constellation will yield routine accuracies nearly 20 times better than any other global navigation system. This paper explores some of the computer modeling methods used by the Navstar system itself and by researchers who have been simulating the military and civilian benefits to be derived from its use.
Adding full text indexing to the operating system (2002)

Many challenges must be faced when incorporating full text retrieval into the operating system. The search engine must be a nearly invisible, natural extension to the operating system, just like the file system and the network. The search engine must meet user expectations of an operating system, specifically in areas such as performance, fault tolerance, and security. It must handle a very heterogeneous collection of documents, in many formats, many languages and many styles. The search engine must scale with the operating system, from small laptop computers to large multiprocessor servers. The paper is an overview of the challenges faced when incorporating full text indexing into the Microsoft Windows NT/sup TM/ operating system. Specific solutions used by the Microsoft 'Tripoli' search engine, are offered.
Alkylated Kraft Lignin-Based Thermoplastic Blends with Aliphatic Polyesters (2002)

Polymeric materials solely composed of certain alkylated kraft lignin preparations can be quite similar to polystyrene in tensile behavior. They may be plasticized in forming miscible blends with aliphatic polyesters possessing methylene/carboxylate group ratios (CH2/COO) of 2.0−4.0. The alkylated kraft lignin species in such materials range from individual molecular components to huge supramacromolecular associated complexes. The interactions between the alkylated kraft lignin components and polyester chains are most favorable when CH2/COO falls between 2.5 and 3.0. Under these circumstances a much smaller proportion of alkylated kraft lignin in the blend is required to disrupt the crystalline domains of the polyester than if CH2/COO were 4.0. Despite this, appreciably more aliphatic polyester is needed to plasticize the alkylated kraft lignin when CH2/COO lies between 2.5 and 3.0: the supramacromolecular complexes tend to be dismantled to a greater extent when the plasticizer interacts more favorably with the individual kraft lignin components of which they are composed.
A system for constructing configurable high-level protocols (1995)

New distributed computing applications are driving the development of more specialized protocols, as well as demanding greater control over the communication substrate. Here, a network subsystem that supports modular, fine-grained construction of high-level protocols such as atomic multicast and group RPC is described. The approach is based on extending the standard hierarchical model of the x-kernel with composite protocols in which micro-protocol objects are composed within a standard runtime framework. Each micro-protocol realizes a separate semantic property, leading to a highly modular and configurable implementation. In contrast with similar systems, this approach provides finer granularity and more flexible inter-object communication. The design and prototype implementation runing on Mach are described. Performance results are also given for a micro-protocol suite implementing variants of group RPC.
Large miRNA survival analysis reveals a prognostic four-biomarker signature for triple negative breast cancer (2019)

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is currently the only major breast tumor subtype without effective targeted therapy and, as a consequence, usually presents a poor outcome. Due to its more aggressive phenotype, there is an urgent clinical need to identify novel biomarkers that discriminate individuals with poor prognosis. We hypothesize that miRNAs can be used to this end because they are involved in the initiation and progression of tumors by altering the expression of their target genes. To identify a prognostic biomarker in TNBC, we analyzed the miRNA expression of a cohort composed of 185 patients diagnosed with TNBC using penalized Cox regression models. We identified a four-biomarker signature based on miR-221, miR-1305, miR-4708, and RMDN2 expression levels that allowed for the subdivision of TNBC into high- or low-risk groups (Hazard Ratio - HR = 0.32; 95% Confidence Interval - CI = 0.11-0.91; p = 0.03) and are also statistically associated with survival outcome in subgroups of postmenopausal status (HR = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.04-0.90; p= 0.016), node negative status (HR = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.01-1.04; p = 0.026), and tumors larger than 2cm (HR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.05-0.81; p = 0.021). This four-biomarker signature was significantly associated with TNBC as an independent prognostic factor for survival.
Trellis-coded quantization designed for noisy channels (1994)

Trellis-coded quantization (TCQ) of memoryless sources is developed for transmission over a binary symmetric channel. The optimized TCQ coder can achieve essentially the same performance as Ayanoglu and Gray's (1987) unconstrained trellis coding optimized for the binary symmetric channel, but with a much lower implementation complexity for transmission rates above 1 b/sample. In most cases, the optimized TCQ coder also provides larger signal-to-noise ratio than Farvardin and Vaishampayan's (1991) channel-optimized vector quantization. Algorithms are developed for the joint design of trellis-coded quantization/modulation (TCQ/TCM). The jointly designed TCQ/TCM system outperforms the straightforward cascade of separately designed TCQ and TCM systems. The improvement is most significant at low channel signal-to-noise ratio. For a first-order Gauss-Markov source, the predictive TCQ/TCM performance can exceed that of optimum pulse amplitude modulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prevalence of extra‐oesophageal manifestations in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease: an analysis based on the ProGERD Study (2003)

Patients with GERD have a high probability of experiencing EED, which may be associated with a number of prognostic factors such as duration and severity of GERD. Extra-oesophageal disorders are slightly, but statistically, more prevalent in ERD than in NERD patients.
Regulatory roles of tankyrase 1 at telomeres and in DNA repair: suppression of T-SCE and stabilization of DNA-PKcs (2010)

Intrigued by the dynamics of the seemingly contradictory yet integrated cellular responses to the requisites of preserving telomere integrity while also efficiently repairing damaged DNA, we investigated roles of the telomere associated poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) tankyrase 1 in both telomere function and the DNA damage response following exposure to ionizing radiation. Tankyrase 1 siRNA knockdown in human cells significantly elevated recombination specifically within telomeres, a phenotype with the potential of accelerating cellular senescence. Additionally, depletion of tankyrase 1 resulted in concomitant and rapid reduction of the nonhomologous end-joining protein DNA-PKcs, while Ku86 and ATM protein levels remained unchanged; DNA-PKcs mRNA levels were also unaffected. We found that the requirement of tankyrase 1 for DNA-PKcs protein stability reflects the necessity of its PARP enzymatic activity. We also demonstrated that depletion of tankyrase 1 resulted in proteasome-mediated DNA-PKcs degradation, explaining the associated defective damage response observed; i.e., increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation-induced cell killing, mutagenesis, chromosome aberration and telomere fusion. We provide the first evidence for regulation of DNA-PKcs by tankyrase 1 PARP activity and taken together, identify roles of tankyrase 1 with implications not only for DNA repair and telomere biology, but also for cancer and aging.
Heart Rate Monitors: Validity, Stability, and Functionality (1988)

In brief: The validity of 13 commercially available heart rate (HR) monitors was assessed by comparing the monitored values with simultaneous ECG readings. Stability, as well as validity, was measured using several ergometric devices, and functionality was evaluated by analyzing the practical aspects of each device. Results indicate excellent correlations between readings obtained by ECG and HR monitors using conventional chest electrodes to measure electrical activity of the heart. Most of the monitors using other types of electrodes or using an earlobe photocell to measure opacity of blood flow were inadequate. The authors point out functional differences in the monitors to help potential users choose the best one to fit their needs.
Pulse Activation of Hydrogen-Storage Alloy Electrodes in Nickel/Metal Hydride Batteries (2000)

Both pulse‐potential and pulse‐current processes were employed to activate hydrogen‐storage alloy electrodes. Parameters that affect the electrode activation and capacity were investigated. In the pulse‐potential process, the electrode showed fairly good activation and high discharge capacity when the hydriding and dehydriding potentials were set at −1.2 and −0.8 V, respectively, with respect to an Hg/HgO electrode. Similar results were found in the pulse‐current process, for which applicable hydriding and dehydriding currents were 400 and , respectively. An increase in total pulse time was not only useful for activation but also beneficial to the discharge capacity. The time interval had little effect on the electrode capacity but significantly influenced the activation process. A longer ratio of enhanced the electrode maximum capacity but retarded activation. An appropriate ratio of for pulse‐potential was 0.5, and for pulse‐current it was 0.83. In addition, the cycle‐life stability and high‐rate discharge capability of pulsed electrodes were superior to those of untreated electrodes. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A new saturable absorber for the CO2 laser using doped KCl (1978)

A new class of saturable absorbers for 10-μm applications using doped alkali halides is demonstrated. For the ReO−4 molecular ion in KCl, the vibrational transition saturates like an ideal two-level system. This behavior is a result of the large anharmonic shift in the absorption spectra of the dopant ion. Saturation parameters of 1.45 MW/cm2 and a relaxation time T1 of 120 ps are measured at room temperature.
Operating characteristics and commercial operating experience with high temperature SCR NO<sub>x</sub> catalyst (1994)

Abstract Selective catalytic reduction of NO x has been recognized as a very effective method to achieve low NO x emissions. A family of versatile catalyst technologies has been developed by Engelhard to control NO x emissions over a wide range of operating temperatures, 177 to 593°C (350 to 1100°F). Reaction mechanisms are different for the catalysts used over this broad temperature range. The catalyst designed for high temperature operation is zeolite based and operates in the 454 to 593°C range (850 to 1100°F). Performance characteristics of this high temperature SCR NO x catalyst are presented. The reaction mechanism for the high temperature catalyst is contrasted with the low and medium temperature catalyst. Commercial operating data on this ZNX™ catalyst are presented for installations on a reciprocating engine and a gas turbine.
Iron- and Nitrogen-Functionalized Graphene Nanosheet and Nanoshell Composites as a Highly Active Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2013)

In this work, we develop a simple method to thermally synthesize a nonprecious metal-based nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) electrocatalyst using exfoliated graphene (Ex-G) and urea with varying amounts of iron (Fe) precursor. The morphology and structural features of the synthesized electrocatalyst (Fe-NG) were characterized by SEM and TEM, revealing the existence of graphitic nanoshells that potentially contribute to the ORR activity by providing a higher degree of edge plane exposure. The surface elemental composition of the catalyst was analyzed through XPS, which showed a high content of a total N species (∼8 at. %), indicative of the effective N-doping, present mostly in the form of pyridinic nitrogen groups. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of the catalyst was evaluated by rotating disk electrode voltammetry in alkaline electrolyte and in a zinc-air battery cell. Fe-NG demonstrated high onset and half-wave potentials of −0.023 V (vs SCE) and −0.110 V (vs SCE), respectively. This excellent ORR activity is translated into practical zinc-air battery performance capabilities approaching that of commercial platinum-based catalyst.
Preoperative Measurement of Cartilage Defects by MRI Underestimates Lesion Size (2011)

Our study compared the size of cartilage defects measured by preoperative MRI with surgical measurements after debridement. On average, the final total defect area per knee was 65% larger than estimated preoperatively by MRI. Individual defects were larger than predicted by 47% to 377%, depending on defect location.
ITRAX: description and evaluation of a new multi-function X-ray core scanner (2006)

Abstract A new automated multi-function core scanning instrument, named ITRAX, has been developed that records optical, radiographic and elemental variations from sediment half cores up to 1.8 m long at a resolution as fine as 200 μm. An intense micro-X-ray beam focused through a flat capillary waveguide is used to irradiate samples to enable both X-radiography and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. Data are acquired incrementally by advancing a split core, via a programmable stepped motor drive, through the flat, rectangular-section X-ray beam. Traditional XRF determination of element composition in sediments provides high-quality data, but it takes a considerable time and normally consumes gram quantities of material that is often only available in limited quantities. The ITRAX core scanner non-destructively collects optical and X-radiographic images, and provides high-resolution elemental profiles that are invaluable for guiding sample selection for further (destructive) detailed sampling. This paper presents a description of the construction, characteristics and capabilities of the ITRAX system. High-resolution ITRAX data obtained from sediment cores are also presented and compared with results from traditional wavelength-dispersive XRF analysis at lower resolution. Finally, some recent technical developments linked to the second-generation ITRAX are presented.
Nasal response to a single antigen challenge in patients with allergic rhinitis — inflammatory cell recruitment persists up to 48 hours (1999)

Nasal challenge with the relevant antigen can induce a late response characterized by local accumulation of eosinophils, neutrophils and mononuclear cells persisting for 48 h and accompanied by release of ECP, MPO, LTB4 and histamine. These results indicate that a single antigen challenge in patients with allergic rhinitis causes prolonged inflammatory alterations which may contribute to the development of airway hyperreactivity.
Mixed Frame-/Event-Driven Fast Pedestrian Detection (2019)

Pedestrian detection has attracted enormous research attention in the field of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) due to that pedestrians are the most vulnerable traffic participants. So far, almost all pedestrian detection solutions are based on the conventional frame-based camera. However, they cannot perform very well in scenarios with bad light condition and high-speed motion. In this work, a Dynamic and Active Pixel Sensor (DAVIS), whose two channels concurrently output conventional gray-scale frames and asynchronous low-latency temporal contrast events of light intensity, was first used to detect pedestrians in a traffic monitoring scenario. Data from two camera channels were fed into Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) including three YOLOv3 models and three YOLO-tiny models to gather bounding boxes of pedestrians with respective confidence map. Furthermore, a confidence map fusion method combining the CNN-based detection results from both DAVIS channels was proposed to obtain higher accuracy. The experiments were conducted on a custom dataset collected on TUM campus. Benefiting from the high speed, low latency and wide dynamic range of the event channel, our method achieved higher frame rate and lower latency than those only using a conventional camera. Additionally, it reached higher average precision by using the fusion approach.
Acquisition of Serum Antibody to Norwalk Virus and Rotavirus and Relation to Diarrhea in a Longitudinal Study of Young Children in Rural Bangladesh (1982)

Serum antibodies to Norwalk virus and to rotavirus were measured during longitudinal studies of infectious diseases and nutrition in rural Bangladesh. Initially, the prevalence of antibody to Norwalk virus was 7% in children younger than six months and increased to 80% in children two to five years of age. The incidence of titer increases was highest in one- and two-year-olds and in children who had low or undetectable levels of antibody. Some Norwalk virus infections appeared to result in diarrhea. Nearly all children had serum antibodies to rotavirus at the beginning of the study; however, children with the lowest levels of antibody to rotavirus had the greatest risk of rotavirus diarrhea. Over half of the children had a fourfold increase in titer of antibody to rotavirus during the year, and 7% had increases in two of the three study periods during the year. Most increases in titer of antibody to rotavirus appeared to result from subclinical infections.
Respiration impacts phase difference‐based field maps in echo planar imaging (2013)

Maps obtained under free breathing can significantly impact the field map and thus corrupt the geometric distortion correction. The effect can be greatly reduced by acquiring the field map data under breath hold. Data acquired under free breathing can be improved with retrospective phase correction or by averaging several field maps.
In vivo kinetic status of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells as inferred from labeling with bromodeoxyuridine. (1984)

The extent of incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) into DNA of different types of hematopoietic stem cells assayed in vivo and of progenitor cells assayed in vitro was determined after continuous infusion of BrdUrd into mice for either four or seven days. Cells surviving subsequent exposure to 320 nm ultraviolet light (UV320) were considered not to have incorporated BrdUrd. Assays of stem cells were carried out in 8-Gy-irradiated Balb/c-specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice by measuring the ability of injected marrow: (a) to form spleen colonies at either seven, ten, or 13 days (the units giving rise to such colonies were named CFU-S-7, CFU-S-10, and CFU-S-13), (b) to increase the marrow content at 13 days of colony-forming cells (CFC) responsive in vitro to pregnant-mouse-uterus extract (P) (this ability was named marrow-repopulating ability P-CFC [MRA-P-CFC]) and, (c) to increase blood platelet counts at day 13 (this was named platelet-repopulating ability [PRA]). The in vitro assays carried out on marrow from BrdUrd-infused mice were measurements of the content of CFC responsive to P and to P plus human spleen-conditioned medium (H). The percentage survival after exposure to UV320 in marrows obtained after four and seven days of infusion of BrdUrd, respectively, was: MRA-P-CFC, 100% and 100%; PRA, 80% and 50%; CFU-S-13, 65% and 25%; CFU-S-10, 11% and 3%; CFU-S-7, 8% and 2%; P + H CFC, 20% and 12%; and P-CFC, 6% and 6%. These results are in agreement with predictions from previous experiments that studied the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on bone marrow using the same assays and are compatible with a model that considers marrow to be organized as a concatenated series of compartments in which turnover rate increases as maturity increases.
Autoregulation of<i>swrAA</i>and Motility in<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2008)

We demonstrate that transcription of the gene swrAA, required for swarming migration in Bacillus subtilis, is driven by two promoters: a sigD-dependent promoter and a putative sigA-dependent promoter, which is inactive during growth in liquid Luria-Bertani medium and becomes active in the presence of the phosphorylated form of the response regulator DegU or on semisolid surfaces. Since sigD transcription is enhanced by SwrAA, this finding reveals that swrA expression is controlled by a positive feedback loop. We also demonstrate that the positive action of SwrAA in swimming and swarming motility is prevented in strains carrying a deletion of the two-component system degS-degU and that this effect is independent of swrAA transcription. Therefore, both DegU and SwrAA must be present to achieve full motility in B. subtilis.