gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GIGANTEA is a nuclear protein involved in phytochrome signaling in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2000)

In a genetic screen of available T-DNA-mutagenized Arabidopsis populations for loci potentially involved in phytochrome (phy) signaling, we identified a mutant that displayed reduced seedling deetiolation under continuous red light, but little if any change in responsiveness to continuous far-red light. This behavior suggests disruption of phyB, but not phyA signaling. We have cloned the mutant locus by using the T-DNA insertion and found that the disrupted gene is identical to the recently described GIGANTEA (GI) gene identified as being involved in control of flowering time. The encoded GI polypeptide has no sequence similarity to any known proteins in the database. However, by using beta-glucuronidase-GI and green fluorescent protein-GI fusion constructs, we have shown that GI is constitutively targeted to the nucleus in transient transfection assays. Optical sectioning by using the green fluorescent protein-GI fusion protein showed green fluorescence throughout the nucleoplasm. Thus, contrary to previous computer-based predictions that GI would be an integral plasma membrane-localized polypeptide, the data here indicate that it is a nucleoplasmically localized protein. This result is consistent with the proposed role in phyB signaling, given recent evidence that early phy signaling events are nuclear localized.
The vacuolar-type H+-ATPase at a glance – more than a proton pump (2014)

The vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) has long been appreciated to function as an electrogenic H(+) pump. By altering the pH of intracellular compartments, the V-ATPase dictates enzyme activity, governs the dissociation of ligands from receptors and promotes the coupled transport of substrates across membranes, a role often aided by the generation of a transmembrane electrical potential. In tissues where the V-ATPase is expressed at the plasma membrane, it can serve to acidify the extracellular microenvironment. More recently, however, the V-ATPase has been implicated in a bewildering variety of additional roles that seem independent of its ability to translocate H(+). These non-canonical functions, which include fusogenicity, cytoskeletal tethering and metabolic sensing, are described in this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, together with a brief overview of the conventional functions of the V-ATPase.
Open3D: A Modern Library for 3D Data Processing (2018)

Open3D is an open-source library that supports rapid development of software that deals with 3D data. The Open3D frontend exposes a set of carefully selected data structures and algorithms in both C++ and Python. The backend is highly optimized and is set up for parallelization. Open3D was developed from a clean slate with a small and carefully considered set of dependencies. It can be set up on different platforms and compiled from source with minimal effort. The code is clean, consistently styled, and maintained via a clear code review mechanism. Open3D has been used in a number of published research projects and is actively deployed in the cloud. We welcome contributions from the open-source community.
Purfication and Properties of Collegenase from a Streptomyces Species (1987)

A collagenase active against native, insoluble collagen was isolated from the culture filtrate of a streptomycete which has been designated Streptomyces sp. C-51. Collagenase was produced by growing this strain in media containing gelatin. Purification by ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatographies on DEAE-Toyopearl and DEAE-Cellulofine columns produced active enzyme which was free of contaminating proteins, including nonspecific proteinases, but which contained two active subspecies (I and II). Both subspecies were purified by preparative slab gel electrophoresis. The apparent molecular weights were 100,000 for the homogeneous fraction I and 90,000-110,000 for the microheterogeneous fraction II. These two subspecies were most active at pH 8-9, very similar in amino acid composition and immunologically identical. Some other properties of the Streptomyces C-51 collagenase were compared with those of Clostridium histolyticum collagenase. Substrate specificity, insensitivity to N-ethylmaleimide and diisopropyl fluorophosphate, and sensitivity to certain metal ion complexing agents were similar for the collagenases from both microorganisms.
Self‐compatibility in <i>Brassica napus</i> is caused by independent mutations in <i>S</i>‐locus genes (2007)

Brassica napus is an amphidiploid species with the A genome from Brassica rapa and the C genome from Brassica oleracea. Although B. rapa, B. oleracea and artificially synthesized amphidiploids with the AC genome are self-incompatible, B. napus is self-compatible. Six S genotypes were identified in B. napus, five of which had class I S haplotypes from one species and a class II S haplotype from the other species, and mutations causing self-compatibility were identified in three of these S genotypes. The most predominant S genotype (BnS-1;BnS-6), which is that of cv. 'Westar', had a class I S haplotype similar to B. rapa S-47 (BrS-47) and a class II S haplotype similar to B. oleracea S-15 (BoS-15). The stigmas of 'Westar' rejected the pollen grains of both BrS-47 and BoS-15, while reciprocal crossings were compatible. Insertion of a DNA fragment of about 3.6 kb was found in the promoter region of the SP11/SCR allele of BnS-1, and transcripts of SP11/SCR were not detected in 'Westar'. The nucleotide sequence of the SP11 genomic DNA of BnS-6 was 100% identical to that of SP11 of BoS-15. Class I SP11 alleles from one species showed dominance over class II SP11 alleles from the other species in artificially synthesized B. napus lines, suggesting that the non-functional dominant SP11 allele suppressed the expression of the recessive SP11 allele in 'Westar'. Two other S genotypes in B. napus also had non-functional class I S haplotypes together with recessive BnS-6. These observations suggest independent origins of self-compatibility in B. napus.
Modification of wheat straw in a high‐shear mixer (1984)

Wheat straw (Ws)was treated in a pilot-scale continuous mixer to disrupt the lignin-hemicellulose-cellulose (LHC) complex. An efficient and practical method was desired to remove lignin and hemicellulose (pentosans)rapidly and efficiently from the lignocellulose complex and to make the cellulose accessible to enzymatic hydrolysis. Milled WS in the presence of various chemicals in aqueous solutions was extruded from the mixer under several processing conditions. Chemicals used were sodium hydroxide (NaOH) sodium sulfide (Na(2)S), anthraquinone (AQ), anthrahydroquinone (AHQ), hexamethylenediamine (HMDA), hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS), which were used alone and in selected combinations. Concomitantly, WS was treated in laboratory batches using similar reaction conditions, except for mixing and shearing. In extrusion treatments of WS at 20% concentration at 97 degrees C for 5.5 min with NaOH (15.7%, dry WS basis), NaOH (15.7%) + AHQ (0.3%), and NaOH (12.7%) + Na(2)S (5.0%), 64-72% of the WS lignin and 36-43% of the pentosans were removed from aqueously washed extrudates (residues). This compares with 46-56% and 23-27%, respectively, for batch treatments. AHQ and Na(2)S enhanced delignification. Cellulase treatment of the residues, which contained about 99%of the WS cellulose, converted 90-92%of the cellulose to glucose compared with 61-69%for the batch pretreatments. Treatments of WS with amines and H(2)O(2) (alone or combined with NaOH)were less effective for LHC disruption. In all instances the relatively high-shear extrusion treatments were superior to the laboratory-batch treatments.
The innate immune sensor Toll-like receptor 2 controls the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (2019)

Cellular senescence is a stress response program characterized by a robust cell cycle arrest and the induction of a proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that is triggered through an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that, during oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and its partner TLR10 are key mediators of senescence in vitro and in murine models. TLR2 promotes cell cycle arrest by regulating the tumor suppressors p53-p21<sup>CIP1</sup>, p16<sup>INK4a</sup>, and p15<sup>INK4b</sup> and regulates the SASP through the induction of the acute-phase serum amyloids A1 and A2 (A-SAAs) that, in turn, function as the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) signaling through TLR2 in OIS. Last, we found evidence that the cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway primes TLR2 and A-SAAs expression in OIS. In summary, we report that innate immune sensing of senescence-associated DAMPs by TLR2 controls the SASP and reinforces the cell cycle arrest program in OIS.
Ultrastructure of Blue-Green Algae (1969)

Two freshwater blue-green algae, Tolypothrix tenuis and Fremyella diplosiphon, and an oscillatorialike marine alga, were found to possess structures on the photosynthetic lamellae which appear to correspond to the phycobilisomes of red algae. These homologous structures are important because they contain the phycobilins which are accessory pigments involved in photosynthesis. As in the red algae, the phycobilisomes were attached on the outer side of each lamellae, i.e., the side facing away from its own membrane pair. Although our study on Anacystis nidulans has not thus far revealed the presence of phycobilisomes, some observations were made on the structure of the polyhedral bodies. After negative staining, the polyhedral bodies were seen to be composed of regularly spaced subunits arranged in a crystalline array. Elongated segmented rods, which differed from the polyhedral bodies, were found in the nuclear region of apparently healthy Tolypothrix cells.
Analysis of spectral signatures of stator currents on a three-phase induction motor operating in non stationary mode for rotational speed and slip detection using rotor slot harmonics (2013)

This paper investigates some techniques of digital signal processing, using the rotor slot harmonics present in the stator currents waveforms, to estimate the motor slip and the rotational speed when operating in stationary or in nonstationary mode. This research also highlights the importance of identifying whether a motor is capable or not of producing rotor slots harmonics, and shows how it is possible to do this using simple tables. An algorithm to estimate the slip and speed variation was developed. Finally, it has been done some analysis about issues such as: sample rate, window length and the use of the chirp z-Transform with the short time Fourier transform to improve the tests results. It has also been analysed the use of this methodology when the motor is operating powered by a frequency converter and variable load. Furthermore, the efficiency of the method has been confirmed by experimental results.
A new test structure to study electromigration at grain boundaries using the single-crystal aluminum interconnection (2002)

The new test structure with single-crystal aluminum interconnection made by the lateral-epitaxial growth method, was designed to study electromigration (EM) at grain boundaries in bamboo structure. Having only two bamboo grain boundaries, the EM mechanism can be analyzed more accurately by this new structure than using the ordinary structure of series of grain boundaries.
Performance comparison of coherent ultrashort light pulse and incoherent broad-band CDMA systems (1999)

We compare the theoretical bit-error-rate (BER) performance limits of coherent ultrashort light pulse and incoherent broad-band code-division multiple access (CDMA) communication systems. Our comparison highlights the fundamental differences in the scaling of BER and throughput with important system parameters. The results indicate that for the same optical bandwidth and BER, an ultrashort pulse CDMA with a code length of 512 can in principle yield a substantial throughput advantage over the incoherent broad-band systems.
Combination therapy of established cancer using a histone deacetylase inhibitor and a TRAIL receptor agonist (2008)

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and agents such as recombinant tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and agonistic anti-TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R) antibodies are anticancer agents that have shown promise in preclinical settings and in early phase clinical trials as monotherapies. Although HDACi and activators of the TRAIL pathway have different molecular targets and mechanisms of action, they share the ability to induce tumor cell-selective apoptosis. The ability of HDACi to induce expression of TRAIL-R death receptors 4 and 5 (DR4/DR5), and induce tumor cell death via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway provides a molecular rationale to combine these agents with activators of the TRAIL pathway that activate the alternative (death receptor) apoptotic pathway. Herein, we demonstrate that the HDACi vorinostat synergizes with the mouse DR5-specific monoclonal antibody MD5-1 to induce rapid and robust tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, using a preclinical mouse breast cancer model, we show that the combination of vorinostat and MD5-1 is safe and induces regression of established tumors, whereas single agent treatment had little or no effect. Functional analyses revealed that rather than mediating enhanced tumor cell apoptosis via the simultaneous activation of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, vorinostat augmented MD5-1-induced apoptosis concomitant with down-regulation of the intracellular apoptosis inhibitor cellular-FLIP (c-FLIP). These data demonstrate that combination therapies involving HDACi and activators of the TRAIL pathway can be efficacious for the treatment of cancer in experimental mouse models.
Prevalence and onset of comorbidities in the CDKL5 disorder differ from Rett syndrome (2016)

This study captured a much clearer picture of the CDKL5 disorder than previously possible using the largest sample available to date. There were differences in the presentation of clinical features occurring in the CDKL5 disorder and in Rett syndrome, reinforcing the concept that CDKL5 is an independent disorder with its own distinctive characteristics.
The Olfactory System and Alzheimer's Disease (1989)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered to be the number one health problem and seems to be reaching epidemic proportion in the USA. The cause of AD is not known, a reliable animal model of the disease has not been found and appropriate treatment of this dementia is wanting. The present review focuses on the possibility that a virus or exogenous toxic materials may gain access to the CNS using the olfactory mucosa as a portal of entry. Anterograde and retrograde transport of the virus/zeolites to olfactory forebrain regions, which receive primary and secondary projections from the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and which, in turn, project centrifugal axons to the MOB, may initiate cell degeneration at such loci. Pathological changes may, thus, be initially confined to projecting and intrinsic neurons localized in cortical and subcortical olfactory structures; arguments are advanced which favor the view that excitotoxic phenomena could be mainly responsible for the overall degenerative picture. Neurotoxic activity may follow infection by the virus itself, be facilitated by loss of GABAergic terminals in olfactory cortex, develop following repeated episodes of physiological long term potentiation (which unmasks NMDA receptors) or be due to excessive release, faculty re-uptake or altered glutamate receptor sensitivity. Furthermore, a reduction in central inhibitory inputs to the MOB might then result in disinhibition of mitral/tufted neurons and enhance the excitotoxic phenomena in the MOB projecting field. Within this context, and in line with recent studies, it is believed that pathology begins at cortical (mainly olfactory) regions, basal forebrain neurons being secondarily affected due to retrograde degeneration. In addition, failure to produce a critical level of neurotrophic factors by a damaged MOB and olfactory cortex, could adversely affect survival of basal cholinergic neurons which innervate both regions. Support for these hypothesis is provided, first, by recent reports on pathological findings in AD brains which seem to involve preferentially the olfactory and entorhinal cortices, the olfactory amygdala and the hippocampus, all of which receive primary or secondary projections from the MOB; secondly, by the presence of severe olfactory deficits in the early stages of the disease, mainly of a discriminatory nature, which points to a malfunction of central olfactory structures.
Toward a model of outdoor lighting scene brightness (2010)

Light quantities based on the photopic luminous efficiency function do not predict brightness perceptions of lighted outdoor scenes such as streets, parking lots and plazas. This paper summarises a series of experiments conducted using scale-model outdoor scenes illuminated by different light sources to assess judgements of brightness. From the results and from previously published literature on the relative increase in short-wavelength spectral sensitivity for brightness, a tentative model for brightness perception of outdoor scenes is proposed. The model can serve as a starting point for efficiently testing future hypotheses regarding brightness perception in lighted outdoor scenes.
A Space-Efficient Recursive Procedure for Estimating a Quantile of an Unknown Distribution (1983)

Consider the problem of computing an estimate of a percentile or quantile of an unknown population based on a random sample of n observations. By viewing this problem as a problem in stochastic approximation, we obtain an estimator that requires only a small amount of direct access storage space that does not increase with the sample size. We show that a modified version of the simple stochastic approximation estimator has the same large-sample behavior as the sample quantile, which has the smallest asymptotic variance among all reasonable estimators. The modified procedure also yields an estimate of the asymptotic variance of the estimator. Some simulation results are presented to show that the proposed estimator performs well in samples of moderate size.
Practical considerations for single-pole-trip line-protection schemes (2005)

This paper discusses some practical aspects of implementing single-pole tripping schemes in transmission-line protection. Implementation and techniques will vary in the design of protective relaying systems that implement single-pole trip (SPT), as well as in the philosophy of the users applying these devices; however, the intent is to discuss issues that need to be considered for SPT systems. We present a quick review of the benefits and implementation of SPT, emphasizing the benefits for power system stability with a relatively minor incremental cost compared to three-pole trip (3PT) systems for EHV and many HV transmission systems. We also discuss specific aspects of implementing single-pole-tripping in line-protective relaying schemes. In addition, we discuss using a faulted-phase selection algorithm, some reclosing scheme philosophy, and the greater flexibility that improved communication channels give to SPT systems. We analyze the open-pole period of an SPT system to gain some insight into the behavior of the measured quantities and protective relaying elements.
Mesenchymal stromal cells: a key player in ‘innate tolerance’? (2012)

The existence of a mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) population with the main property of physically supporting parenchymal tissues has long been recognized in virtually all organs. However, it was only recently that MSC have been identified as playing a novel role in modulating inflammation. It has been extensively documented that, under particular circumstances, MSC potently impair virtually all cells of the immune system, including antigen-presenting-cells.
The Cosmic Positron Fraction: Implications of a New Measurement (1995)

The first balloon flight of the HEAT instrument in 1994 yielded results on the cosmic ray positron fraction with good statistical and systematic accuracy over the range 4.5-50 GeV. These results do not confirm the distinct increase in the positron fraction above 10 GeV that was reported in several other experiments. This seems to rule out a number of models that were proposed to explain the apparent positron excess. In the context of the leaky box model, we conclude from our data that at most 2-3% of the total electron flux (e + + e \\Gamma ) arriving near Earth could consist of positrons from primary sources. 1 Introduction Electrons and positrons are distinguished from the nuclear cosmic rays by their low mass and the absence of hadronic interactions. Therefore, at high energies their propagation through the galaxy becomes dominated by radiative energy losses. Different mechanisms may also contribute to the sources of these particles, but are difficult to identify on the basis o...
High performance non-interferometric semiconductor-optical-amplifier/fibre-Bragg-gratingwavelength converter (1998)

The authors have demonstrated a high performance, non-interferometric, semiconductor-optical-amplifier/fibre-Bragg-grating wavelength converter requiring a record low switching power of < –12 dBm for return-to-zero data at 10 Gbit/s. The converted output is a non-inverting signal with an extinction ratio of 30. The transmission properties of the converted output in non-dispersion-shifted fibre are also investigated.
Nutrients yield through berseem and sorghum sudan fodder crop rotation in West Bengal. (2000)

Berseem was cultivated in winter followed by sorghum sudan during summer in small plots (8m x 5m) with four replications each under recommended level of inputs. Average production (q/ha) of green fodder, DM, TDN and CP was 1040, 139, 78 and 27, respectively. Average cost of production (Rs/q) of green fodder, DM, TDN and CP were 12.12, 90.70, 165.88 and 466.93, respectively.
2,4-Diamino-6,7-dimethoxyquinoline derivatives as .alpha.1-adrenoceptor antagonists and antihypertensive agents (1988)

A series of 2,4-diamino-6,7-dimethoxyquinoline derivatives (2), prepared by LDA- or ZnCl2-mediated intramolecular cyclization of an N-[1-(dialkylamino)ethylidene]-2-cyano-4,5-dimethoxyaniline (3), was evaluated for alpha-adrenoceptor affinity and antihypertensive activity. Most compounds displayed high in vitro binding affinities (Ki's, 10(-10) M) for alpha 1-adrenoceptors with alpha 1-/alpha 2-selectivity ratios of at least 10,000. 4-Amino-2-[4-(2-furoyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyquinoline++ + (14) proved to be the most potent member (Ki = 1.4 X 10(-10) M) of series 2, and displayed no activity at alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding sites at concentrations up to 10(-6) M. In the rabbit pulmonary artery, 14 was a highly potent (pA2 = 9.76 +/- 0.26) competitive antagonist of the alpha 1-mediated vasoconstrictor action of noradrenaline and was some 20 times more active than prazosin. pKa measurements confirmed that, at physiological pH, N-1 protonation of series 2 would efficiently provide 1b, a key pharmacophore for alpha 1-adrenoceptor recognition. Antihypertensive activity for series 2 was evaluated after oral administration (3 mg/kg) to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and falls in blood pressure were determined at 1 and 4.5 h. Various quinoline derivatives (2) proved to be effective antihypertensive agents in SHR, with both efficacy and duration of action at least equivalent to prazosin, and 14 displayed the most favorable overall profile. These observations are consistent with the high affinity and selectivity displayed by series 2 for postjunctional alpha 1-adrenoceptors.