gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein and Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 Degradation in<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>-Induced Cytopathicity (2010)

As intracellular bacteria, chlamydiae block the apoptotic pathways of their host cells. However, the infection of epithelial cells causes the loss of cell membrane integrity and can result in nonapoptotic death. Normally, cells undergoing necrosis release high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) that acts as an important proinflammatory mediator. Here, we show that in Chlamydia trachomatis-infected HeLa cells HMGB1 is not translocated from the nucleus to the cytosol and not released from injured cells in increased amounts. At 48 h after infection, degradation of HMGB1 was observed. In infected cells, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), a DNA repair enzyme that also regulates HMGB1 translocation, was found to be cleaved into fragments that correspond to a necrosis like pattern of PARP-1 degradation. Cell-free cleavage assays and immunoprecipitation using purified proteolytic fractions from infected cells demonstrated that the chlamydial-protease-like activity factor (CPAF) is responsible for the cleavage of both HMGB1 and PARP-1. Proteolytic cleavage of PARP-1 was accompanied by a significant decrease in the enzymatic activity in a time-dependent manner. The loss of PARP-1 function obviously affects the viability of Chlamydia-infected cells because silencing of PARP-1 in uninfected HeLa cells with specific small interfering RNA results in increased cell membrane permeability. Our findings suggest that the Chlamydia-specific protease CPAF interferes with necrotic cell death pathways. By the degradation of HMGB1 and PARP-1, the pathogen may have evolved a strategy to reduce the inflammatory response to membrane-damaged cells in vivo.
The regulatory role of cell mechanics for migration of differentiating myeloid cells (2009)

Migration of cells is important for tissue maintenance, immune response, and often altered in disease. While biochemical aspects, including cell adhesion, have been studied in detail, much less is known about the role of the mechanical properties of cells. Previous measurement methods rely on contact with artificial surfaces, which can convolute the results. Here, we used a non-contact, microfluidic optical stretcher to study cell mechanics, isolated from other parameters, in the context of tissue infiltration by acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells, which occurs during differentiation therapy with retinoic acid. Compliance measurements of APL cells reveal a significant softening during differentiation, with the mechanical properties of differentiated cells resembling those of normal neutrophils. To interfere with the migratory ability acquired with the softening, differentiated APL cells were exposed to paclitaxel, which stabilizes microtubules. This treatment does not alter compliance but reduces cell relaxation after cessation of mechanical stress six-fold, congruent with a significant reduction of motility. Our observations imply that the dynamical remodeling of cell shape required for tissue infiltration can be frustrated by stiffening the microtubular system. This link between the cytoskeleton, cell mechanics, and motility suggests treatment options for pathologies relying on migration of cells, notably cancer metastasis.
Gaussian particle filtering (2003)

Sequential Bayesian estimation for nonlinear dynamic state-space models involves recursive estimation of filtering and predictive distributions of unobserved time varying signals based on noisy observations. This paper introduces a new filter called the Gaussian particle filter. It is based on the particle filtering concept, and it approximates the posterior distributions by single Gaussians, similar to Gaussian filters like the extended Kalman filter and its variants. It is shown that under the Gaussianity assumption, the Gaussian particle filter is asymptotically optimal in the number of particles and, hence, has much-improved performance and versatility over other Gaussian filters, especially when nontrivial nonlinearities are present. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the versatility and improved performance of the Gaussian particle filter over conventional Gaussian filters and the lower complexity than known particle filters.
A Method to Support Variability of Enterprise Services on the Cloud (2009)

Web-business platforms offer business capabilities as enterprise services hosted in a multi-tenant cloud environment. Often there is a need to create heavyweight variants of these enterprise services to support: inherent variability in the underlying business process, industry-specific requirements, globalization concerns and customer-specific requirements. These variability concerns affect both the service interface and the service provider implementation and hence are crosscutting in nature. In this paper, we use principles of aspect-oriented software development to modularize these variability concerns. We also provide an aspect specification scheme to specify these concerns. We propose an approach to create heavyweight service variants centered on a service kernel, which forms a common service core across tenants. Heavyweight service variants are created by weaving aspects into the service kernel. Our approach provides improved governance for the provider while offering maximum flexibility for the consumers.
A new cost effective SRM drive using commercial 6-switch IGBT modules (2006)

The main purpose of this paper is to describe six-switch inverters for cost effective Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) drive used in commercial applications. For effective utilization of the developed system, a novel direct current controlled PWM scheme is designed and implemented to produce the desired dynamic and static speed-torque characteristic. Compared with the conventional split typed asymmetric converter topology, it can minimize the entire system size and cost and can increase the efficiency. Therefore, it may pave a new way for SRM to compete with other ac motors, such as induction motors, brushless dc motors, and so on. The validity of the proposed method is verified by theoretical explanation, simulation, and experimental results.
Business Ethics: A Catalyst for Rapid Economic Growth (2012)

Over the past 4-5 years the global economic meltdown has affected downwardly most economic of the world largely due to global unit cell of the business world. Businesses in most countries especially in developing nations in their bid to survive and grow adopted some unethical practices to remain in the market.This paper examined the concept of business ethics, development and its role in rapid economic growth in organizations and economy in the face of modern challenges. Focused is on current practices and prospective benefits of ethical business practices in a dynamic economy like Nigeria The paper recommends complete commitment, upholding, adhering and practice of business within the code of ethics by all stakeholders or parties for accelerated economic growth.
The use of an in vitro haemoperfusion circuit to evaluate the blood compatibility of albumin-coated Amberlite XAD-7 resin. (1978)

We have developed an in vitro haemoperfusion circuit, which closely simulates the conditions encountered in a clinical haemoperfusion, for testing the blood compatibility of new adsorbent materials. Fresh heparinised human blood is perfused for 2 hours over two model columns arranged in parallel closed circuits. The present study was performed to investigate the blood compatibility of human serum albumin-coated Amberlite XAD-7 resin. Mean platelet losses over 2 hours were greater following perfusion of the uncoated resin (44 +/- SE 5.6%) than the albumin-coated resin (17 +/- SE 2.2%) (p less than 0.01). Mean white cell losses were similar (55%) for both resins. No rises in Swank screen filtration pressure, which detects the presence of cellular aggregates in blood, were observed. Coating of XAD-7 resin with HSA therefore improves its blood compatibility with respect to platelet losses and we thus intend to use this preparation in a clinical trial of resin haemoperfusion in fulminant hepatic failure.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF ME3SIOP(S)CL2, ME3SIOP(S)BR2 AND ME3SIOP(O)BR2 (1980)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Disilylsulfids (I) mit Phosphoroxychlorid oder ‐bromid (II) liefert die O‐Silylthiophosphate (III).
Fast (300 ps) polarization insensitive semiconductor optical amplifier switch with low driving current (70 mA) (2005)

Switching characteristics (300ps) of polarization insensitive (<0.3dB) Tapered Semiconductor OFtical Amplifiers with 20 dB fiber to fiber gain and //sup +/sub -//0.2 dB gain ripple are investigated as a function of input power and wavelength.
The Performance of a Gamma Camera for the Visualization of Radioactive Isotopes in vivo (1963)

A prototype gamma camera for visualizing the distribution of radioactivity in vivo has been investigated and improved. Performance figures are given for each parameter that has been changed, to serve as a guide for practical applications and future development of the instrument. The camera differs from that of Anger mainly in that the display is presented on a storage tube; some advantages of this method of display are given.
Evidence of a linkage between matrilin-1 gene (MATN1) and idiopathic scoliosis (2006)

The results suggest that the familial idiopathic scoliosis is associated to the MATN1 gene.
Recyclable Polystyrene-Supported Siloxane-Transfer Agent for Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions (2014)

The rational design, synthesis, and validation of a significantly improved insoluble polymer-supported siloxane-transfer agent has been achieved that permits efficient palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The cross-linked polystyrene support facilitates product purification with excellent siloxane recycling. Drawbacks of a previous polymer-supported siloxane-transfer agent, relating to reaction efficiency and polymer stability after repeated cycles, have been addressed.
Conjugate Eye Deviation in Acute Stroke (2006)

Selective dysfunction of cortical areas involved in spatial attention and control of eye movements is sufficient to cause CED in patients with acute stroke. However, in the majority of cases, CED is an indicator of large infarcts involving more than one area, including both cortical and subcortical structures.
Reagin-like antibodies in rats infected with the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. (1967)

The immune response to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats is closely associated with the formation of antibodies resembling human reagins. These are detected in some rats immediately after acquiring resistance to the parasite after an initial infection and in all rats 1 week later. Further infections stimulate an anamnestic rise in `reagin' production. `Reagin' formation is due to the living worms, primarily the adult stage. `Reagins' were detected by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the rat (homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis=PCA) with a 72-hour interval between intradermal injection of antibody and intravenous injection of antigen, which was a saline extract of adult worms. `Reagin' production in rats vaccinated with worm extracts contrasts sharply with `reagin' production in rats infected with living worms. Vaccination with worm extracts stimulates `reagin' production in only some rats during the primary response only; after second and later vaccinations, `reagins' were not detected in any rats. Prolonged vaccination induces the formation of `blocking' antibodies and a further type of antibody capable of inducing 6-hour PCA, but not 72-hour PCA in rats. Even after prolonged vaccination, however, a subsequent infection stimulates an anamnestic rise in `reagin' production in some rats. Vaccination did not induce resistance to infection in any rats. Rats recovered from an initial infection become increasingly susceptible to anaphylactic shock when challenged with worm antigen, but the sensitivity of rats to systemic anaphylaxis is not closely correlated to the level of circulating `reagins'. Heterologous anaphylactic reactions did not induce expulsion of worms from the intestine and anaphylaxis is not directly related to the ability of rats to resist infection.
Activated Carbons in Sugar and Soft Drink Manufacture (2006)

There is a significant difference between trainers and trainees with regard to their experience of online education. Further studies are required to assess how to effectively implement online education in postgraduate training programs and identify strategies to overcome the reported deficiencies.
Differences Across Device Usage in Search Engine Advertising (2017)

For advertisers, search engine advertising represents an attractive opportunity to selectively reach the target group at a point in time when the prospects are already thematically involved and activated. One question that subsequently arises is if users use various devices during different phases of the search process and if this behavior affects the search engine advertising outcome measured by corresponding performance indicators. The present chapter addresses this question. Based on a search engine advertising campaign of a German service provider, the authors examine the development of performance indicators across multiple devices. Specifically, we retrace the development across desktops, tablets, and mobile devices. Thus, the chapter provides insights into device usage in search engine advertising. The chapter concludes with overall trends in search engine advertising.
MemZip: Exploring unconventional benefits from memory compression (2014)

Memory compression has been proposed and deployed in the past to grow the capacity of a memory system and reduce page fault rates. Compression also has secondary benefits: it can reduce energy and bandwidth demands. However, most prior mechanisms have been designed to focus on the capacity metric and few prior works have attempted to explicitly reduce energy or bandwidth. Further, mechanisms that focus on the capacity metric also require complex logic to locate the requested data in memory. In this paper, we design a highly simple compressed memory architecture that does not target the capacity metric. Instead, it focuses on complexity, energy, bandwidth, and reliability. It relies on rank subsetting and a careful placement of compressed data and metadata to achieve these benefits. Further, the space made available via compression is used to boost other metrics - the space can be used to implement stronger error correction codes or energy-efficient data encodings. The best performing MemZip configuration yields a 45% performance improvement and 57% memory energy reduction, compared to an uncompressed non-sub-ranked baseline. Another energy-optimized configuration yields a 29.8% performance improvement and a 79% memory energy reduction, relative to the same baseline.
Use of the Brayton Cycle in Solar Electric Power Generation (1989)

The utilization of gas turbines in a central receiver is an attractive alternative due to the ability of these prime movers to endure temperatures of about 2000°F while achieving high performance. In this paper the problems of modifying a 250 kW Allison Turboshaft Engine and its conversion into solar gas turbines are presented. The various solutions referring to the various system components, such as combustion chamber, hot pipeline, electric generator and control system are detailed.
Design, fabrication, and operation of submicron gap comb-drive microactuators (1992)

Making submicron interelectrode gaps is the key to reducing the driving voltage of a micro comb-drive electrostatic actuator. Two new fabrication technologies, oxidation machining and a post-release positioning method, are proposed to realize submicron gaps. Two types of actuator (a resonant type and a nonresonant type) with submicron gaps were successfully fabricated and their operational characteristics were tested experimentally. The drive voltage was found to be lower than that of existing actuators. The stability of comb-drive actuators is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Consequences of a subtle sialic acid modification on the murine polyomavirus receptor (1997)

Polyomaviruses are small, nonenveloped DNA tumor viruses with restricted host ranges. Virus binding to cell surface receptors is one determinant of viral tropism. Although murine polyomavirus is among the best characterized viruses, little is known about the sialic acid-containing receptor and its interaction with viral particles. By using nonradioactive virus binding assays as recently described for the B-lymphotropic papovavirus, murine polyomavirus particles were found to bind in a saturable and noncooperative manner to 25,000 receptors per 3T6 mouse fibroblast. The virus-receptor interaction at 4 degrees C was of high affinity (Kd = 1.8 x 10(-11) M), very fast (k1 = 1.7 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1)), and stable (half-life = 38 min). Elongation of the N-acyl side chain of sialic acid by biosynthetic modulation with synthetic precursor analogs has been shown for other polyomaviruses to influence both sialic acid-dependent binding and infection (O. T. Keppler, P. Stehling, M. Herrmann, H. Kayser, D. Grunow, W. Reutter, and M. Pawlita, J. Biol. Chem. 270:1308-1314, 1995). In 3T6 cells in which about one-third of the sialic acids were modified, infection and binding of polyomavirus particles were significantly reduced. The number of receptors per cell was decreased to 18,000, with the remaining receptors displaying the same affinity as in untreated cells. Molecular modeling studies based on the three-dimensional structure of a mouse polyomavirus-sialyllactose complex recently solved by T. Stehle and coworkers (T. Stehle, Y. W. Yan, T. L. Benjamin, and S. C. Harrison, Nature 369:160-163, 1994) were performed. They suggest that the elongation of the N-acyl side chain by a single methylene group leads to steric hinderence, with the peptide backbone of a loop walling the tip of the shallow sialic acid binding groove. This collision appears to be incompatible with functional binding. The data are taken as a basis to discuss possible features of the organization and topology of the cellular receptor for mouse polyomavirus.
Photocatalytic Decomposition of Pure Water into H2 and O2 over SrTa2O6 Prepared by a Flux Method (1999)

Abstract Orthorhombic (orth.) SrTa2O6 powder which was hardly obtained by a solid state reaction was easily synthesized by using a strontium borate flux. The native SrTa2O6 powder showed photoluminescence and a photocatalytic activity for decomposition of pure water into H2 and O2. The photocatalytic activity was drastically increased by loading a NiO co-catalyst even without pretreatment. The optimum amount of NiO loaded was 0.10 wt%. The quantum yield of the NiO(0.10 wt%)/SrTa2O6 photocatalyst was 7% at least.
Radioiodine and Pregnancy (1999)

The fetal thyroid begins to accumulate radioiodine around the 12th week of pregnancy. Iodide easily crosses the placenta and fetal thyroid uptake can be effectively blocked by administration of radioiodine to the mother. Therapeutic administration of radioiodine to the mother will usually result in fetal hypothyroidism and may be associated with attention deficit disorders and impairment of figurative memory in the offspring. The hazard to a fetus from exposure to a family member, not the mother, who has been treated with radioiodine is very small and can be minimized by adherence to standard post treatment guidelines. Lactating mothers who have received standard diagnostic doses of 131I or who have been treated with 131I should not breast-feed their infant from that point forward. Breast-feeding in future pregnancies is not contraindicated. Pregnancy testing within 48 hours before 131I administration to potentially fertile women is a wise clinical practice. Demonstrated effects of radioiodine on spermatogenesis suggest that it is wise to recommend a 120-day waiting period between radioiodine and fertilization.
The value of the corporate governance canon on Chinese companies (2019)

China has yet to import the corporate governance ‘canon’ (generally accepted rules as promoting share-holder value as well as minority shareholder and other stakeholders’ rights) into its Code of Corporate Governance. What effect would Chinese companies’ simply adopting such a canon—as defined by Hong Kong or other foreign corporate governance practices—have on their share prices? We look at Mainland Chinese companies listed in Hong Kong, looking at the way their share prices react to economic fluctuations when they have better or worse corporate governance practices. Using a differences-in-differences methodology, that such share prices could/would increase by around 7%—increasing profits by about $330 billion. Yet, a significant part of the distribution of these companies lose money in the short-run. These results provide yet another confirmation that adopting the corporate governance canon can profit companies’ investors, but not all of them.
Optimization of SiGe HBT technology for high speed analog and mixed-signal applications (2002)

SiGe HBTs have achieved record peak f/sub T/ values values and impressive digital circuit ECL RO delays but no analog circuit results have been reported. In this work we investigate the leverage of SiGe HBTs for analog circuits by optimizing the Ge-profile for a high /spl beta/V/sub A/ product and high f/sub T/ under the constraint of breakdown voltage and effective strain of the SiGe layer. Analytical calculations of /spl beta/, V/sub A/, and f/sub T/ of SiGe-HBTs as a function of Ge profile predict the largest performance advantage over Si BJTs for the most steeply graded Ge profile. SiGe-HBT transistors are fabricated with /spl beta/V/sub A/ products of 6160 V, BV/sub CEO/ of 3.5 V and f/sub max/ of 46 GHz, and compared to Si-BJTs fabricated with the same process. Digital performance is benchmarked by an ECL ring oscillator delay of 17.2 psec. The leverage for analog technology is demonstrated by fabrication of a 1 GHz SiGe-HBT 12 bit Digital to Analog Convertor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>CREB3L2-PPARγ</i> Fusion Mutation Identifies a Thyroid Signaling Pathway Regulated by Intramembrane Proteolysis (2008)

The discovery of gene fusion mutations, particularly in leukemia, has consistently identified new cancer pathways and led to molecular diagnostic assays and molecular-targeted chemotherapies for cancer patients. Here, we report our discovery of a novel CREB3L2-PPARgamma fusion mutation in thyroid carcinoma with t(3;7)(p25;q34), showing that a family of somatic PPARgamma fusion mutations exist in thyroid cancer. The CREB3L2-PPARgamma fusion encodes a CREB3L2-PPARgamma fusion protein that is composed of the transactivation domain of CREB3L2 and all functional domains of PPARgamma1. CREB3L2-PPARgamma was detected in <3% of thyroid follicular carcinomas. Engineered overexpression of CREB3L2-PPARgamma induced proliferation by 40% to 45% in primary human thyroid cells, consistent with a dominant oncogenic mechanism. Wild-type CREB3L2 was expressed in the thyroid as a bZIP transcription factor with a transmembrane domain that has flanking S1P and S2P proteolytic cleavage sites. Native CREB3L2 was cleaved to nuclear CREB3L2 by regulated intramembrane proteolysis in normal thyroid cells that expressed the S1P and S2P proteases. Nuclear CREB3L2 stimulated transcription 8-fold from the EVX1 cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element in the absence of cAMP, whereas CREB3L2-PPARgamma inhibited transcription 6-fold from EVX1 in the same experiments. CREB3L2-PPARgamma also inhibited 4-fold the expression of thyroglobulin, a native cAMP-responsive gene, in primary thyroid cells treated with thyroid-stimulating hormone. Our findings identify a novel CREB3L2-PPARgamma gene fusion mutation in thyroid carcinoma and reveal a thyroid signaling pathway that is regulated by intramembrane proteolysis and disrupted in cancer.