gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LASER CAVITIES TERMINATED BY DIFFRACTION GRATINGS. (1964)

A theoretical study is performed of the resonant modes of a laser cavity having end mirrors with periodic reflectivity. A particular example is examined in which the end mirrors are constituted by two identical strip diffraction gratings. The modes and the corresponding eigenvalues are evaluated in successive approximations. It was found that a particular frequency exists for which losses are very low, while neighboring frequencies suffer heavy losses. This effect increases very rapidly with the total number of strips in the grating. (Author)
IL-17 and IFN-γ production in peripheral blood following BCG vaccination and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in human. (2012)

IL-17 acts as an effector molecule similar to IFN-gamma after BCG vaccination and Mtb infection to protect human against TB. The current findings do not support IL-17 as an inducer of tissue damage in TB.
Atomic transport in amorphous alloys: An introduction (1986)

The measurement of the diffusivities of metallic and metalloid species in amorphous alloys has necessitated the development of techniques capable of a resolution of a few nanometers over a total penetration depth of less than a micron. Various profiling techniques employing ion beams and the ultrasensitive multilayer technique are outlined. Generalities concerning the diffusion of different solutes in the same amorphous alloy or family of alloys, and the diffusion of the same solute in different amorphous alloys are presented, and the effect of solute concentration discussed. The role of amorphous alloys as diffusion barriers in microelectronic circuitry is outlined with emphasis on recent results. The influence of the nature of the substrate and metallic overlayer receives special attention. Barrier layers effective up to 700 °C have recently been made.
Cationic PTD/CPP-mediated macromolecular delivery: charging into the cell (2015)

PTDs/CPPs have shown great potential to deliver otherwise undeliverable macromolecular therapeutics into cells for experimentation in cell culture and in animal disease models in vivo. Moreover, over 25 clinical trials have been performed predominantly using the TAT-PTD. However, more work is still needed. Endosomal escape and target-cell specificity remain two of the major future challenges.
Polylysine-Gd-DTPAn and Polylysine-Gd-DOTAn Coupled to Anti-CEA F(ab′)2 Fragments as Potential Immunocontrast Agents (1998)

The immunoreactivity of the gadolinium (Gd)-labeled anti-CEA F(ab')2 immunoconjugates was 80% to 85%. Compared with that of commercial chelates, the relaxivity (R1) increase is as follows: Gd-DTPA < Gd-DOTA < Gd-H2O < PL-Gd-DTPA24-28 < PL-Gd-DTPA24-28 F(ab')2 < PL-Gd-DOTA24-28 < PL-Gd-DOTA24-28 F(ab')2. 1H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion data of immunoconjugates showed that the high relaxivity enhancement was the result of a reduction of the molecular tumbling rate. Twenty-four hours after intravenous injection of 50 micrograms (1 mumol Gd/kg) of Gd-labeled immunoconjugates to nude mice grafted with human colorectal carcinoma LS 174T, the tumor uptake was 10% to 15%, resulting in an increase of R1 of up to 15% to 20% versus noninjected mice. No difference was found between PL-Gd-DTPA24-28 F(ab')2 and PL-Gd-DOTA24-28 F(ab')2 immunoconjugates for tumor, liver, and kidney uptake. A high signal intensity of tumor was observed in 50% of the tested mice.
Isolation, characterization and baculovirus-mediated expression of the cDNA encoding cytosine DNA methyltransferase from Pisum sativum (1998)

A series of overlapping clones complementary to the Arabidopsis cytosine-5 DNA methyltransferase (C-5 MTase) has been isolated from pea cDNA libraries. The assembled nucleic acid sequence contains an open reading frame of 4761 bp encoding a protein of 1554 amino acids. Like other eukaryotic C-5 MTases, the inferred protein has a presumed regulatory N-terminal region linked to a catalytic C-terminal domain, which has eight of the ten conserved motifs found in prokaryotic C-5 MTases. The pea C-5 MTase has 65% identity at the nucleotide level and 61% identity at the protein level, with the Arabidopsis C-5 MTase. The catalytic domain of the pea enzyme shares 78% identity with Arabidopsis and approximately 52% identity with murine and human C-5 MTases, including the relative position of the proline-cysteine dipeptides of the catalytic centre. Using the conserved region of the cDNA as a probe, we have identified a transcript of 5 kb. Southern blot analysis of pea genomic DNA with the above probe indicates the presence of a single gene. Using poly(A)+ RNA from different developmental stages and different tissues, we have observed that expression is confined mostly to the rapidly dividing tissues of the plant. Expression of this assembled cDNA in a baculovirus system gives a protein of approximately 174 kDa. The expressed protein can be cross-linked, in an AdoMet-dependent manner, to duplex oligonucleotide substrates containing FdC in place of target cytosines in either CG or CAG/CTG sequences.
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE <i>alc</i> GENE PRODUCT OF BACTERIOPHAGE T4 (1984)

Bacteriophage T4 infection rapidly and almost completely inhibits transcription of host and other phage DNAs. Two processes have been implicated to date in this inhibition: (1) ADP ribosylation of the alpha subunits of the RNA polymerase, involving gpalt (which is injected with the phage DNA) and, later, gpmod; and (2) the action of the T4 alc/unf gene product, synthesized immediately after infection. The latter unfolds the host genome and also blocks transcription of cytosine-containing DNA. Here, we describe the identification on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels of gpalc/unf, the more precise mapping of the gene and the identification and analysis of the appropriate DNA sequence from an Unf+ alc mutant.
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in multiple myeloma: implications and significance (2004)

Angiogenesis governs the progression of multiple myeloma (MM). Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) contribute to angiogenesis and comprise mature ECs and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The present study sought to characterize CECs and their relation to disease activity and therapeutic response in 31 consecutive patients with MM. CECs, identified as CD34(+)/CD146(+)/CD105(+)/CD11b(-) cells, were 6-fold higher in patients compared to controls and correlated positively with serum M protein and beta(2)-microglobulin. Circulating EPCs displayed late colony formation/outgrowth and capillary-like network formation on matrigel; these processes were inhibited after effective thalidomide treatment. Co-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (KDR) and CD133 characterized EPCs in MM, and KDR mRNA elevations correlated with M protein levels. In vitro exposure of ECs to thalidomide or its derivative CC-5013 inhibited gene expression of the receptors for transforming growth factor-beta and thrombin. Thus, elevated levels of CECs and EPCs covary with disease activity and response to thalidomide, underscoring the angiogenic aspect of MM and suggesting that angioblastlike EPCs are a pathogenic biomarker and a rational treatment target in MM. The results also highlight the anti-angiogenic properties of thalidomide and CC-5013 and further elucidate possible mechanisms of their effectiveness against MM. (Blood. 2005;105:3286-3294).
Lithium-Induced Polyuria: Effect of Lithium on Adenylate Cyclase and Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Phosphodiesterase in Medullary Ascending Limb of Henle's Loop and in Medullary Collecting Tubules* (1980)

We investigated the effects of hyperosmolality, chronic treatment with lithium chloride (LiCl), and the addition of LiCl in vitro on vasopressin-sensitive (VP) adenylate cyclase (AdC) and cAMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDIE) activities in the medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (MAL) and medullary collecting tubule (MCT) microdissected from the outer medulla of the rat kidney. A hyperosmolar medium (800 mosmol) markedly enhanced AdC activity stimulated by 10(-6) M VP specifically in MCT, while having little effect or slightly decreasing VP-stimulated AdC in MAL, compared to activities under standard isotonic conditions. Hyperosmolality decreased cAMP-PDIE activity to about the same degree in MAL and MCT. Inclusion of LiCl in the incubation medium (15-20 mM) caused a significant dose-dependent inhibition of VP-stimulated AdC activity in both MAL and MCT, but had no effect on CAMP-PDIE in either segment. AdC and cAMP-PDIE activities in MAL and MCT from chronic LiCl-treated polyuric rats did not differ from controls when assayed under standard isotonic conditions. However, when assayed in a hyperosmolar (800 mosmol) medium, VP-sensitive AdC activity was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in MCT from LiCl-treated rats compared to control levels, while VP-sensitive AdC in MAL did not differ in LiCl-treated and control rats. The present results suggest that lowered VP-sensitive AdC activity in MCT of LiCl-treated polyuric rats may contribute to the observed lower concentrating ability and collecting tubule resistance to VP. Inhibition of VP-sensitive AdC in MAL as well as MCT by the acute addition of LiCl in vitro may explain the decreased urinary diluting ability observed with acute infusions of Li salts in vivo in the rat.
Inactivation of bacteria and viruses in water: passage of germicidal ultraviolet light through Teflon (1985)

Teflon pipe as used in a water purification system transmitted germicidal ultraviolet (UV) light to inactivate Pseudomonas aeruginosa and poliovirus. The information is useful for animal care workers and others concerned with the prevention of microbial growth in water systems such as deionizers and distilled water. Of special significance is that there is a plastic that transmits UV light.
Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor Ligands and Their Role in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Therapeutic Strategies (2016)

Imatinib therapy remains the gold standard for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia; however, the acquired resistance to this therapeutic agent in patients has urged the scientists to devise modalities for overcoming this chemoresistance. For this purpose, initially therapeutic agents with higher tyrosine kinase activity were introduced, which had the potential for inhibiting even mutant forms of Bcr-Abl. Furthermore, coupling imatinib with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands also showed beneficial effects in chronic myeloid leukemia cell proliferation. These combination protocols inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis as well as differentiation in chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ligands increased imatinib uptake by upregulating the expression of human organic cation transporter 1. Taken together, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ligands are currently being considered as novel promising therapeutic candidates for chronic myeloid leukemia treatment, because they can synergistically enhance the efficacy of imatinib. In this article, we reviewed the potential of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ligands for use in chronic myeloid leukemia treatment. The mechanism of action of these therapeutics modalities are also presented in detail.
The Action of Zinc on the 20,21-Ketol Acetate Group of a Δ<sup>16</sup>-Pregnene (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Action of Zinc on the 20,21-Ketol Acetate Group of a Δ16-PregneneWilliam R. Nes and Harold L. MasonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 10, 4765–4766Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01154a085https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01154a085research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiple myeloma (1994)

The mortality associated with multiple myeloma is due to the progressive accumulation of a clonal population of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Tumor cells may also be found in the blood and other extramedullary sites, especially in the terminal stages of the disease. During disease progression, numerous effects lead to significant morbidity, including immunosuppression, increased bone turnover, anemia, and renal deterioration. For more than two decades it has been realized that chemotherapy and radiotherapy could provide effective temporary relief from the pain and suffering associated with this malignancy. Unfortunately, these benefits are usually short lived, and essentially all patients experience recurrent disease that is usually refractory to additional therapy.
The Deduction of the Optimal Length to Width Ratio of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell and the Fabrication of a Module (2009)

A novel 8 V DC power source with an external series-parallel connection of 50 Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSCs) has been proposed. One DSC has the optimized length to width ratio of and an active area () which attained a conversion efficiency of 4.02%. From the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis, it was found that the resistance elements related to the Pt electrode and electrolyte interface behave like that of diode and the series resistance corresponds to the sum of the other resistance elements. Surface morphology and sheet resistance of Pt counter electrode did not degrade the performance of the cell. This novel 8V-0.33A DC power source shows stable performance with an energy conversion efficiency of 4.24% under 1 sun illumination (AM 1.5, Pin of ).
Variations on a theme by Ziv and Lempel (data compression) (2003)

The data compression methods of J. Ziv and A. Lempel (1976) are modified and augmented in three ways in order to improve the compression ratio and hold the size of the encoding tables to a fixed size. The improvements are in the area of dispensing with any uncompressed output, ability to use fixed size encoding tables by using a replacement strategy, and more rapid adaptation by widening the class of strings which may be added to the dictionary. It is shown how these improvements also provide an adaptive probabilistic model for the input data. The issue of data structures for efficient implementation is also addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An algorithm for 3D acoustic time-Laplace-Fourier-domain hybrid full waveform inversion (2013)

ABSTRACT When full waveform inversion (FWI) is performed in the Laplace-Fourier domain, Laplace-Fourier-domain wave modeling, using finite-difference or finite-element methods, is performed to compute the gradient direction. In this case, a complex impedance matrix is composed and factored by direct matrix solvers. Alternatively, iterative matrix solvers may be used. However, solving 3D problems with such methods requires excessive computer memory or computing time, which causes problems in the application of the Laplace-Fourier-domain FWI. To avoid computational overburden in 3D problems, we propose a time-Laplace-Fourier hybrid FWI, in which forward and backward modeling are performed in the time domain and other procedures are conducted in the Laplace-Fourier domain. Our hybrid FWI is applied to two groups of frequencies. Inversions for the first and second groups of frequencies correspond to the Laplace-domain FWI and the Laplace-Fourier-domain FWI, respectively. The graphic processing unit is used to speed up the hybrid inversion algorithm. To verify the feasibility of this technique, the 3D hybrid FWI is applied to the data recorded along the A1 line of the synthetic SEG/EAGE 3D salt model and 3D wide-azimuth real exploration data. Numerical examples show that the hybrid FWI yields reasonable subsurface velocity structures that contribute to the enhancement of reverse-time migration images.
Rapid computation of configuration space obstacles (2002)

Mathematical properties of configuration space are presented, and algorithms invoking those properties for efficient computation of obstacles in configuration space are described. Simple elements in Cartesian space which can be transformed into configuration space rapidly are identified. Transformations of complex workspace shapes into configuration space are described in terms of multiple transformations of such simpler primitives. Computational considerations and examples are presented for the first three degrees of freedom of an industrial robot.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laser-Assisted Mass Spectrometry (1997)

The wide range of uses for laser-assisted mass spectrometry is presented and illustrated with examples. In contrast to the practical aspects of these methods, knowledge about desorption and ion formation mechanisms in laser MS is lagging behind. Our group's efforts to unravel these mechanisms are also discussed.
Response generation in collaborative negotiation (1995)

In collaborative planning activities, since the agents are autonomous and heterogeneous, it is inevitable that conflicts arise in their beliefs during the planning process. In cases where such conflicts are relevant to the t~t~k at hand, the agents should engage in collaborative negotiation as an attempt to square away the discrepancies in their beliefs. This paper presents a computational strategy for detecting conflicts regarding proposed beliefs and for engaging in collaborative negotiation to resolve the conflicts that warrant resolution. Our model is capable of selecting the most effective aspect to address in its pursuit of conflict resolution in cases where multiple conflicts arise, and of selecting appropriate evidence to justify the need for such modification. Furthermore, by capturing the negotiation process in a recursive Propose-Evaluate.Modify cycle of actions, our model can successfully handle embedded negotiation subdialogues.
The Stability of Glutardialdehyde-Stabilized 35-Heparinized Surfaces in Contact with Blood (1977)

Heparin can be bound to polymer surfaces by precipitation of an ionic heparin-amine complex which can be stabilized against dissolution by treatment with glutardialdehyde. The aim of this investigation was to study the degree and course of desorption of heparin from such a heparinized surface on contact with blood. This desorption must be considered when analysing the interaction between the heparinized surface and blood. Different heparinized surfaces were prepared by using 35S-labelled heparin, and the desorption of heparin on exposure in vitro to citrated plasma or heparinized blood as well as during exposure at in vivo conditions was quantified. During in vitro experiments, the glutardialdehyde stabilized surface became stable with no further desorption of heparin after an initial loss of about 3% of the initial surface-bound heparin. Under in vivo conditions, there was an initial loss of about 12%. There was no further loss from surfaces inserted into the circulation of the dog for seven days as compared to those inserted for one hour.
<title>Experimental applications of smart composites</title> (1997)

The issues of fabrication, evaluation and experimental testing of smart composites are discussed. The technology for the fabrication of fiber reinforced polymer composites with embedded fiber optic sensors is developed. Smart composites are produced by a custom built pultruder. It is shown that the mechanical properties of pultruded carbon reinforced composites with and without optical fiber are superior to that of pultruded glass analogue. The embedded optical fibers do not have significant effect on the tensile properties of pultruded FRP, but they deteriorate the shear strength of composites. Polyimide coating on optical fiber results in a good interface between optical fiber and host material; whereas acrylate coating cannot withstand the high production temperature and causes sever debonding of optical fiber and resin. The specific application in view is the use of smart reinforcements for innovative concrete structures.
Multiscale Superpixel Kernel-Based Low-Rank Representation for Hyperspectral Image Classification (2019)

Classification plays an important role in the field of hyperspectral image (HSI) remote sensing. In this letter, a novel multiscale superpixel kernel-based low-rank representation (MSKLRR) classifier is proposed for HSI classification. A multiscale superpixel segmentation method is first used to generate several homogeneous regions at different scales. Then, the multiscale superpixel spectral-spatial kernel (SSK) is generated using the radial basis function (RBF) kernel on the multiscale superpixels. Finally, the multiscale superpixel kernel is integrated into a low-rank representation (LRR) to generate the MSKLRR classifier for HSI classification. The experimental results with two widely used HSIs suggest an advantage of the proposed method over other classical classification methods.
The anatomical precursor of colorectal carcinoma (1974)

The very common hyperplastic polyp is not a neoplasm and is unrelated to either adenoma or carcinoma. Adenomas, which are only one-tenth as common, may occur grossly as adenomatous polyps or papillary adenomas. Be they large or small, pedunculated, sessile, or flat, they are true neoplasms—non-invasive and thought of as benign. Depending on size, and probably related to a sessile mode of growth, in adenomas one may readily observe intramucosal carcinoma and/or „early”︁ invasive cancer. On the other hand, although microscopic examination has been performed on many thousands of minute mucosal lesions (e.g. 5 mm or less), „early”︁ cancer, defined as intramucosal carcinoma with or without microinvasion, does not seem to occur unassociated with adenoma. Since colorectal carcinoma is so common, one should easily find many examples of „early”︁ cancer as defined above if the majority of ordinary adenocarcinomas arose directly from normal crypts of Lieberkühn. (Of course the unusual anaplastic undifferentiated colonic cancers or carcinomas arising in ulcerative colitis remain in an area of unknown morphogenesis). The apparent non-existence of small foci of intramucosal carcinoma, with or without micro-invasion, in normal mucosa, and their frequency in adenomas, are two fundamental pathologic facts. They seem to disprove the proposition that cancer cells ordinarily arise de novo from the normal cells of the crypt of Lieberkühn without the interposition of a stage in the neoplastic process that we recognize as adenoma.