gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Features of eye gaze interface for selection tasks (2002)

Eye gaze interface has potential as a new human computer interaction method, evident in the numerous kinds developed so far. However, in order to make sure that such an interface is both useful and convenient in daily life for a wide range of users, we need to undertake more indepth studies of human behavior in order to adapt the design to human factors. A prototype system for a menu based interface is described and an experiment designed to analyze users' performance is reported. The results show that: 1) the eye gaze interface is faster to operate than the mouse; 2) making selection by means of an eye mark takes longer than just reading menu commands; and 3) most errors are induced by lack of adequate visual feedback from the screen. Based on the results, two methods to reduce selection error and to improve the performance are discussed, and three facts that improve the usability of the eye gaze interface are presented.
Role of luminal H+ in the pathogenesis of experimental esophagitis. (1982)

The pathogenesis of acidic reflux esophagitis was investigated in an experimental model with special emphasis on the role of lumen-to-mucus diffusion of H+ in the pathogenetic mechanism. Esophageal damage was produced by perfusing an isolated segment of rabbit esophagus in situ with three injurious endogenous secretions of the upper gastrointestinal tract (taurocholate, 10 mM; pepsin, 2500 U/ml; lysolecithin, 2 mg/ml) with and without acid (HCl, 10 to 150 mM). The severity of mucosal damage was assessed using as indicators of mucosal integrity transmucosal potential difference, net flux of Na+, and mucosal permeability to two neutral molecules of different sizes--3H-H2O and 14C-erythritol. The data indicate that although the presence of luminal acid is needed for mucosal damage to develop, there is no relationship between the severity of the damage and the magnitude of the lumen-to-mucosa diffusion of H+. Even markedly increased diffusion of H+ alone, induced by an unphysiological high concentration of luminal acid (300 mM HCl), had only a minor influence on mucosal integrity, whereas all three test agents were able to cause severe mucosal damage in association with much lower rates of H+ diffusion. Furthermore, the severity of the mucosal damage caused by an individual test agent was not dependent on the HCl; concentration used (and hence on the magnitude of lumen-to-mucosa diffusion of H+). The data suggest that esophageal mucosal damage caused by taurocholate, pepsin, or lysolecithin in the presence of luminal acid is due to the direct action of the agent itself rather than to excessive accumulation of luminal H+ into the mucosal tissue.
Two‐Surface Strategy in Electrochemical DNA Hybridization Assays: Detection of Osmium‐Labeled Target DNA at Carbon Electrodes (2003)

Abstract Target DNAs, including a 71‐mer oligonucleotide, a PCR product and a plasmid DNA, all containing oligo(A) stretches, were hybridized at magnetic Dynabeads oligo(dT) 25 (DBT). The hybridization events were detected using a technique based on chemical modification of the target DNA with a complex of osmium tetroxide with 2,2′‐bipyridine (Os, bipy) and voltammetric detection at carbon electrodes. DNA was modified with Os, bipy prior to capture at DBT, at the beads, or after release from the beads. In the latter case, DNA‐Os, bipy was detected in the reaction mixture using adsorptive transfer stripping voltammetry involving extraction of unreacted Os, bipy from the electrode by organic solvents. Pre‐labeling of the target plasmid DNA and the PCR product with Os, bipy significantly increased the yield of DNA captured at the beads. Tens of femtomoles of both short (the 71‐mer oligonucleotide) and long (the 3‐kilobase plasmid) target DNAs in a 20‐microliter hybridization sample can be easily detected by means of these techniques. Various carbon electrode materials, including pyrolytic graphite (PGE), highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPGE), carbon paste (CPE), glassy carbon and pencil graphite, were tested regarding their suitability for the detection of osmium‐labeled DNA. Among them, PGE and HOPGE appeared usable in the measurements of both purified DNA‐Os, bipy and its mixtures with unreacted Os, bipy while CPE was suitable for the detection purified osmium‐labeled DNA.
Polymorphisms of OATP-C (SLC21A6) and OAT3 (SLC22A8) genes: Consequences for pravastatin pharmacokinetics (2003)

Certain commonly occurring single-nucleotide polymorphisms in OATP-C, such as T521C (Val174Ala), are likely to be associated with altered pharmacokinetics of pravastatin. Large clinical studies are needed to confirm these observations.
Intracellular delivery of bioloyically active macromolecules by protein transduction domains(PTDs) (2002)

由于细胞膜的存在限制了生物利用度,大分子物质的胞内转运还存在许多问题.最近通过对蛋白质转导结构域的研究已经排除了这一障碍.应用蛋白质转导结构域将大分子蛋白质、核酸、病毒、小分子物质转运到目标细胞内已引起了人们越来越多的关注.虽然十年前就发现了蛋白质转导结构域,如触足蛋白、Tat及Vp22,但其作用机制刚刚明确并开始被广泛的应用.除了富含精氨酸的蛋白质转导结构域,我们通过流式细胞光密度的测定和酶的测定,还发现赖氨酸同聚物也能够介导许多细胞的转导过程.蛋白质转导结构域,有天然存在的和人工合成的,已越来越广泛的应用于将生物活性物质转运到细胞内以便更好的治疗某些疾病,如癌症、中风、关节炎等等.
Detection of Laser Beam's Center-line in 2D Images (2009)

Modeling, reconstruction and visualization of 3D images is crucial in such fields as industrial engineering and manufacture, medicine, game development, etc. A physical object can be transferred to 3D virtual space by using a 3D laser scanner. Quality of the 3D model of the object scanned strongly depends on that of the laser beam’s center-line detected in the 2D image. A technique for detection of the laser beam’s center-line in a set of 2D images is presented. It uses two shifted kernels of the first-order Gaussian derivatives combined in a nonlinear way. Filtering is performed in a number of directions to select the one with the maximal response. The laser beam’s center-line is identified by the local maxima in the filtered image through evaluation of its first- and second-order derivatives. The technique was tested on images with a laser trace left on the object scanned. Ill. 7, bibl. 9 (in English; summaries in English, Russian and Lithuanian).
Design parameters for differentially pumped rotating platforms (1987)

We have constructed a large differentially pumped platform for use in ultrahigh vacuum. The design utilizes spring-loaded Teflon seals to permit differential pumping between two horizontal stainless-steel disks. This allows the rotation of the upper disk and the items built into it directly inside a vacuum chamber while maintaining a pressure of 2×10−10 Torr. The following design parameters are discussed: conductance across the seals, deflection of the seals, rotational friction, and differential thermal expansion during bakeout.
Long-Term Inhibition of Rho-Kinase Suppresses Left Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction in Mice (2004)

These results indicate that Rho-kinase is substantially involved in the pathogenesis of LV remodeling after MI associated with upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting a therapeutic importance of the molecule for the prevention of post-MI heart failure.
Optical Fiber Point Temperature Sensor (1988)

An all fiber interferometric temperature sensor capable of remote operation is described. The fiber sensing element is configured as a Fabry-Perot cavity of typically less than 5 mm situated at the end of a lead fiber of arbitrary length (typically 2 m). The sensing element is addressed via a fiber coupler. Such configuration enables both remote detection and multiplexing of a number of sensing elements for multiple point measurements.
<i>Bacillus cereus</i>Induces Permeability of an In Vitro Blood-Retina Barrier (2008)

Most Bacillus cereus toxin production is controlled by the quorum-sensing-dependent, pleiotropic global regulator plcR, which contributes to the organism's virulence in the eye. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of B. cereus infection and plcR-regulated toxins on the barrier function of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, the primary cells of the blood-retina barrier. Human ARPE-19 cells were apically inoculated with wild-type or quorum-sensing-deficient B. cereus, and cytotoxicity was analyzed. plcR-regulated toxins were not required for B. cereus-induced RPE cytotoxicity, but these toxins did increase the rate of cell death, primarily by necrosis. B. cereus infection of polarized RPE cell monolayers resulted in increased barrier permeability, independent of plcR-regulated toxins. Loss of both occludin and ZO-1 expression occurred by 8 h postinfection, but alterations in tight junctions appeared to precede cytotoxicity. Of the several proinflammatory cytokines analyzed, only interleukin-6 was produced in response to B. cereus infection. These results demonstrate the deleterious effects of B. cereus infection on RPE barrier function and suggest that plcR-regulated toxins may not contribute significantly to RPE barrier permeability during infection.
Adaptive prediction in speech differential encoding systems (1980)

The design of speech coders that produce high-quality highly intelligible speech at 6 to 16 kb/s while retaining robustness to background and transmission impairments is an area of current research interest. Differential encoding structures employing adaptive quantization and adaptive prediction constitute one of the most promising approaches to achieving these design objectives. This paper focuses on the design and analysis of adaptive predictors for differential encoders. Several differential encoding systems, including adaptive predictive coding, differential pulse-code modulation, noise feedback coding, direct feedback coding, and prediction error coding, are described and related. Adaptive quantizers are briefly discussed and quantitative and qualitative indicators of speech coder performance are defined. The channel model, the speech model, and the research problem statements used in the design of differential encoders and adaptive predictors are presented. The nomenclature and theory of forward and backward adaptive prediction are developed, and several new backward adaptive algorithms based on various assumptions are presented. A detailed survey of theoretical and simulation results on adaptive prediction for speech differential encoders is given, and the effects of background and transmission impairments on these systems are discussed, Finally, the impact of adaptive predictors on rate distortion theory motivated coders is indicated. Numerous areas for future research are highlighted.
Carrier-Based Common Mode Voltage Control Techniques in Three-Level Diode-Clamped Inverter (2012)

Switching converters are used in electric drive applications to produce variable voltage, variable frequency supply which generates harmful large dv / dt and high-frequency common mode voltages (CMV). Multilevel inverters generate lower CMV as compared to conventional two-level inverters. This paper presents simple carrier-based technique to control the common mode voltages in multilevel inverters using different structures of sine-triangle comparison method such as phase disposition (PD), phase opposition disposition (POD) by adding common mode voltage offset signal to actual reference voltage signal. This paper also presented the method to optimize the magnitude of this offset signal to reduce CMV and total harmonic distortion in inverter output voltage. The presented techniques give comparable performance as obtained in complex space vector-based control strategy, in terms of number of commutations, magnitude, and rate of change of CMV and harmonic profile of inverter output voltage. Simulation and experimental results presented confirm the effectiveness of the proposed techniques to control the common mode voltages.
Sublingual vaccination with influenza virus protects mice against lethal viral infection (2008)

We assessed whether the sublingual (s.l.) route would be an effective means of delivering vaccines against influenza virus in mice by using either formalin-inactivated or live influenza A/PR/8 virus (H1N1). Sublingual administration of inactivated influenza virus given on two occasions induced both systemic and mucosal antibody responses and conferred protection against a lethal intranasal (i.n.) challenge with influenza virus. Coadministration of a mucosal adjuvant (mCTA-LTB) enhanced these responses and resulted in complete protection against respiratory viral challenge. In addition, s.l. administration of formalin-inactivated A/PR/8 plus mCTA-LTB induced systemic expansion of IFN-gamma-secreting T cells and virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Importantly, a single s.l. administration of live A/PR/8 virus was not pathogenic and induced protection mediated by both acquired and innate immunity. Moreover, s.l. administration of live A/PR/8 virus conferred heterosubtypic protection against respiratory challenge with H3N2 virus. Unlike the i.n. route, the A/PR/8 virus, whether live or inactivated, did not migrate to or replicate in the CNS after s.l. administration. Based on these promising findings, we propose that the s.l. mucosal route offers an attractive alternative to mucosal routes for administering influenza vaccines.
Key Concepts and Services of a Grid Information Service (2002)

The term &quot;Grid&quot; has become common parlance among parallel and distributed computer scientists to denote a middleware infrastructure for wide-area scientific and engineering computing. The discussion of standards and best practices is ongoing in the Grid Forum community to identify key pieces of the middleware infrastructure. One of the areas under discussion is different models for grid information services.
<i>In Vivo</i> Biocompatibility and Degradation Studies of Polyhydroxyoctanoate in the Rat: A New Sealant for the Polyester Arterial Prosthesis (1999)

The present study examined the biocompatibility and degradation properties of poly (β-hydroxy octanoate) (PHO) as an impregnation substrate on arterial prostheses. PHO-impregnated polyester grafts sterilized by ethylene oxide (EO) or gamma (γ) radiation, and polyester Dacron® prostheses impregnated with fluoropolymer, gelatin, or albumin were implanted subcutaneously in rats for periods ranging from 2 to 180 days. The biocompatibility was assessed by quantifying the alkaline and acid phosphatase secretion while performing histological studies at the tissue/prosthesis interface. The degradation was determined by chemical analysis of the EO and γ-sterilized PHO after implantation using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Alkaline phosphatase activity by the sterilized PHO and by the gelatin and albumin grafts was significantly elevated early after implantation in contrast to that of the Dacron and fluoropolymer grafts that occurred later, at 7 and 5 days, respectively The peak of acid phosphatase activity for all of the grafts occurred between 5 and 10 days postimplantation, with the γ-sterilized PHO grafts recording the greatest activity. Histological study revealed that the tissue incorporation into the graft wall was earlier and more complete for the Dacron and fluoropolymer grafts after 6 months than for the gelatin and albumin grafts, because the latter induced important inflammatory reactions during the resorption of the cross-linked protein substrates. The EO and γ-sterilized PHO grafts exhibited a similar healing sequence characterized by the development of a collagenous tissue surrounding the prostheses. However, no infiltration of tissue into the graft wall was observed after 6 months, mainly because of the presence of the PHO. Degradation of the EO and γ-sterilized PHO occurred preferentially by a hydrolytic mechanism as shown by a 30% molecular weight decrease after 6 months. In conclusion, PHO showed good biocompatibility in terms of enzyme activity and tissue reaction. Degradation was a slow, in vivo process controlled primarily by a random hydrolytic reaction and by a local enzymatic attack by macrophages and giant cells.
The analysis and quantification of a clonal B cell response in a hyperimmunized anti-D donor (2006)

Healthy volunteers are hyperimmunized with RhD-positive red cells in order to obtain plasma containing high titres of anti-D immunoglobulin, which is used for the prevention of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. We analysed the anti-D immune response in a donor who had been hyperimmunized for 7 years and who showed declining anti-D titres despite re-immunization. A phage display library representing the complete immunorepertoire and a second library representing the IGHV3 superspecies family genes (IGHV3s) repertoire in the donor were constructed and analysed. A clonal Ig-gene rearrangement was quantified in the peripheral blood by limiting dilution polymerase chain reaction (PCR) All RhD-binding phages from both libraries, except one, had heavy chains with IGH-VDJ rearrangements of the same clonal origin, but with different patterns of somatic mutations and joined with different light chains. Limiting dilution PCR performed on mRNA and genomic DNA showed a frequency of 1 clonal B cell in 2000 IgG1/3-positive B cells. We show the presence of clonally related RhD-specific B cells in a hyperimmunized anti-D donor who had declining anti-D titres and who was unresponsive to re-immunization. Furthermore, we found a high frequency of clonal B cells. These results contribute to the understanding of the immune response against RhD in hyperimmunized anti-D donors.
An Approximate Relation Between Elastic Moduli and Thermal Expansivities (1963)

A large number of polycrystalline and amorphous materials ranging from pure metals to glassy polymers have been found to obey the relations α2E=150 [dyn cm−2°K−2]s at normal temperatures. The linear coefficient of expansion is denoted by α, Young's modulus by E, and s is a dimensionless spread factor (0.5&lt;s&lt;2). The spread of about ±0.3 decade is small compared to the three-decade range of E covered by the data. Notable exceptions to the relation are certain alloys, some inorganic glasses, cellular materials (e.g., wood), granular materials (e.g., cement), and rubbery materials. The variations with temperature of α, E, and heat capacity Cp are compared for representative materials and implications of the α2E relation are discussed. An empirical approach in which generalized Grüneisen numbers are utilized and a preliminary statistical mechanical attempt to relate α to Cv and the elastic properties of polymers are discussed. Both lead to the conclusion that for polymers, perhaps even more so than for metals, it would be of interest to make separate measurements to very low temperatures of α, Cp, and various elastic moduli.
An Analysis of Traffic and Throughput for UMTS Packet Core Networks (2010)

Mobile packet services are penetrating mobile markets rapidly. The mobile industry relies heavily on data services to replace traditional voice services. Designing a reliable packet service network is critical to the mobile operators’ ability to maintain their core competence in a data service market. The current literature provides many practical tools and theoretical methods to design, plan and dimension Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio networks but overlooks the algorithms of network plan and dimensioning for the core networks. This paper introduces the algorithms to dimension the throughput for packet switched domain of a UMTS network. The analysis is based on the traffic and data throughput generated and absorbed in the interfaces of network entities in UMTS PS network. A case study is provided to verify the algorithms created for UMTS PS network. This paper provides UMTS PS network operators an optimum network size and network structure to deliver an optimum quality of service for users.
Mouse Hybrid Cell Lines produce Antibodies to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (1979)

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay procedure has been devised for the assay of antibodies produced in the mouse to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). It is based on the adsorption of virus to flexible micro-well plates and uses radio-iodine-labelled rabbit antibody against mouse immunoglobulin to assess antibody binding. Using this assay for screening, cell hybrids have been obtained which yield monoclonal antibody to HSV-1. The hybrids are between spleen cells from hyperimmune mice and an immunoglobulin-non-secreting, azaquanine resistant myeloma cell line (NS-1). From 480 hybrid cell lines initially examined, five stable cell lines were obtained which released HSV-1-specific antibody in vitro and in vivo. Mice carrying transplants of these cell lines yield binding titres in serum of up to 1/25000. Both IgG and IgM antibodies were obtained in this way.
Quantification of Residual Host Cell DNA in Adenoviral Vectors Produced on PER.C6 <sup>®</sup> Cells (2005)

Recombinant adenoviral vectors for gene therapy and vaccination are routinely prepared on cultures of immortalized cells, allowing the production of vector batches of high titer and consistent quality. Quantification of residual DNA from the producing cell line is part of the purity tests for clinical lots. Stringent guidelines stipulate the maximum acceptable level of DNA per dose of vector, and this quantification is therefore a crucial piece of information for researchers and manufacturers alike. In this paper we describe an optimized assay based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the quantification of residual PER.C6 DNA in recombinant adenoviral vectors. In order to reduce the risk of introducing contaminations and to increase the throughput, the assay was designed to require minimum sample handling. Furthermore, DNA extraction from the samples is not necessary, thereby eliminating the need to account for possible sample losses. We also report the results of the assay qualification, demonstrating that the assay is accurate, precise, and sensitive. Finally, we applied the assay successfully to determine the level of host cell DNA in an adenovirus vector produced on PER.C6 cells throughout a standard purification process. Because of its specifications, we anticipate that the assay can have broad applicability to biologics other than adenoviral vectors produced on PER.C6 cells.
Glycolipid Nanotube Hollow Cylinders as Substrates:  Fabrication of One-Dimensional Metallic−Organic Nanocomposites and Metal Nanowires (2004)

A synthetic glycolipid N-(11-cis-octadecennoyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylamine was employed for the fabrication of organic tubular structures with a cyclic hollow cylinder 30−50 nm wide through molecular self-assembly in water. Gold or silver nanoparticles encapsulated in the hollow cylinders of the lipid nanotubes (LNTs), GNPs@LNT or SNPs@LNT, respectively, were fabricated by loading aqueous gold (GNPs) or silver nanoparticles (SNPs) into the LNT hollow cylinders using capillary force. To explore an advanced fabrication method for one-dimensional organization of metals, we have removed the LNT organic shell of the GNPs@LNT or SNPs@LNT nanocomposite by firing the nanocomposite in air at 450−1000 °C. A continuous gold nanowire 20−30 nm wide was successfully obtained under the firing conditions of T = 550−750 °C, indicating that the inner cavity of the LNT can also be used as a template for the organization of gold nanowire. On the other hand, we have found no remarkable formation of silver nanowires after the same treatment for the SNPs@LNT nanocomposite as mentioned for the GNPs@LNT. All the nanostructures have been analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED).