gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of a Recombinant Burkholderia Intracellular Motility A Protein for Immunodiagnosis of Glanders (2011)

Glanders, caused by the Gram-negative, nonmotile bacterium Burkholderia mallei, is a contagious and highly fatal disease of equines. During the last decade, the number of glanders outbreaks has increased steadily. The disease also has high zoonotic significance and B. mallei is listed biological warfare agent. The complement fixation test (CFT) is a routinely used and internationally recognized test to screen equine sera for the glanders. However, discrepant results have been observed using the CFT. The low sensitivity and specificity of the CFT and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been linked to the use of crude test antigens. We expressed a novel recombinant Burkholderia intracellular motility A (rBimA) protein in Escherichia coli for the diagnosis of equine glanders. Purified rBimA was used in an indirect ELISA format. All of the 21 true-positive serum samples used in the study tested positive, whereas only 17 of the 1,524 potentially negative sera tested positive by indirect ELISA, thus exhibiting 100% sensitivity and 98.88% specificity. Also, rBimA protein did not react with melioidosis patient and normal healthy human serum samples, showing its high specificity. The developed assay can be used as a simple and rapid tool for diagnosis of glanders in equine serum samples. An Indian patent (1328/DEL/2010) has been filed for the reagent.
An Approach to Bézier Curve Approximation by Circular Arcs (2018)

This paper presents a method to approximate Béziercurves by a sequence of arc splines with inscribed regular polygon. The proposed algorithm uses the arc length approximation method in subdividing a Bézier curve into subcurves which have equal arc length. Each subcurve is interpolated with a line segment which is a side of the inscribed polygon of a curve. Curve segments are then clustered into a circular arc by evaluating interior angles of inscribed polygon. This method represents a Bézier curve with the minimum number of circular arcs and acceptable errors. The experimental results are provided the similarity of original curve and approximated arc spline. The approximated arc spline which is the result of proposed algorithm is compatible for vector and raster graphic format.
Identification of a putative metal binding site in a new family of metalloregulatory proteins. (1994)

The transcription of the ars operon is negatively controlled by the ArsR repressor and induced by arsenite and antimonite. Using hydroxylamine mutagenesis, four arsR mutants were isolated; three were selected for inability to respond to inducers: C32Y, C32F, and C34Y. Each of the three altered proteins still bound specifically to the ars operator, but inducers were less effective in effecting the release of the altered proteins from the DNA. Each of the mutant arsR genes in trans with a reporter gene controlled by the ars promoter repressed expression of the reporter gene, and addition of inducer did not relieve repression. These results suggest that the altered ArsR proteins are defective in the inducer binding site. The fourth arsR mutation, resulting in a H50Y alteration, produced constitutive expression. His-50 is located within a putative helix-turn-helix region of the ArsR protein. We propose that cysteines Cys-32 and Cys-34 in the ArsR protein comprise part of a metal binding motif found in members of the ArsR family of metalloregulatory proteins.
Symmetric di- or tetra-alkyl substituted monodisperse polyoxyethyleneglycols: synthesis and surface properties (1992)

A new series of amphiphilic compounds are presented. The dialkylated monodisperse polyoxyethylene derivatives were prepared by a three-step reaction and global yields > 60% were obtained. For the synthesis of the tetraalkylated derivatives, six reaction steps were required and yields > 40% were obtained. The evaluation of their surface properties was effected by measuring the variation of the surface tension (γ) of the aqueous solutions as a function of their concentration. The results reveal that they are surface-active agents. They lowered the surface tension of water to the range usually observed for classical hydrogenated non-ionic surfactants. The observed stabilization of γ for a range of concentrations corresponds to the formation of organized phases. The Critical Concentrations obtained are higher than those for analogous linear compounds having the same hydrophilic–lipophilic balance. The areas per polar head group of surfactant molecules are relatively constant for compounds of equivalent hydrophobicity.
Lead tetraacetate mediated oxidation of the enamides derived from 1-benzyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLead tetraacetate mediated oxidation of the enamides derived from 1-benzyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinesGeorge R. Lenz and Carl CostanzaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 6, 1176–1183Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00241a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00241a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views368Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Magic-Angle Spinning Frequencies beyond 300 kHz Are Necessary To Yield Maximum Sensitivity in Selectively Methyl Protonated Protein Samples in Solid-State NMR (2018)

In the last decade, proton detection in magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR became a popular strategy for biomolecular structure determination. In particular, probe technology has experienced tremendous progress with smaller and smaller diameter rotors achieving ever higher MAS frequencies. MAS rotation frequencies beyond 100 kHz allow to observe and assign protons in fully protonated samples. In these experiments, resolution is however compromised as homogeneous proton–proton dipolar coupling interactions are not completely averaged out. Using a combination of experiments and simulations, we analyze the MAS frequency-dependent intensities of the 1H,13C methyl correlation peaks of a selectively methyl protonated (CH3) microcrystalline sample of the chicken α-spectrin SH3 domain (α-SH3). Extensive simulations involving nine spins employing the program SIMPSON allow to predict the MAS frequency dependence of the proton intensities. The experimental results are used to validate the simulations. As quantitative measure, we determine the characteristic MAS frequency, which is necessary to obtain >50% of the maximum achievable sensitivity. Our results show that this frequency is site-specific and strongly depends on the local methyl density. We find that the characteristic MAS frequency ranges from as low as 20 kHz up to 324 kHz with the average value of 135 ± 88 kHz for this particular sample at a magnetic field strength of 11.7 T. Inclusion of side chain dynamics in the analysis reduces the average characteristic MAS frequency to 104 ± 68 kHz within the range of 11–261 kHz. In case, >80% of the maximum sensitivity shall be achieved, MAS rotation frequencies of 498 ± 370 and 310 ± 227 kHz are required with and without including side chains dynamics in the analysis, respectively.
Long Tail Media in the Store (2008)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> There are on the order of one quadrillion (1 followed by 15 zeros) media exposures annually in stores around the world. The question of how those exposures are presently allocated and the current dynamics of in-store media are addressed in this article by examining media exposure in a typical supermarket. Thinking of shoppers in a store as an “audience” in the traditional media sense can introduce some intriguing possibilities. The long tail analogy is apt for shopper marketing in the sense of the small number of products that produce very large unit sales, but there also is a variety of media to attract shoppers9 attention in stores, which differ greatly in both exposures and effectiveness. This article points the way to an objective view of this crowded and complex field.
Complex two-gene modulation of lung disease severity in children with cystic fibrosis (2008)

Although cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease, its clinical manifestations are influenced in a complex manner. Severity of lung disease, the main cause of mortality among CF patients, is likely modulated by several genes. The mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2) gene encodes an innate immune response protein and has been implicated as a pulmonary modifier in CF. However, reports have been conflicting, and interactions with other modifiers have not been investigated. We therefore evaluated the association of MBL2 with CF pulmonary phenotype in a cohort of 1,019 Canadian pediatric CF patients. MBL2 genotypes were combined into low-, intermediate-, and high-expression groups based on MBL2 levels in plasma. Analysis of age at first infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated that MBL2 deficiency was significantly associated with earlier onset of infection. This MBL2 effect was amplified in patients with high-producing genotypes of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1). Similarly, MBL2 deficiency was associated with more rapid decline of pulmonary function, most significantly in those carrying the high-producing TGFB1 genotype. These findings provide evidence of gene-gene interaction in the pathogenesis of CF lung disease, whereby high TGF-beta1 production enhances the modulatory effect of MBL2 on the age of first bacterial infection and the rate of decline of pulmonary function.
Interference of WR-2721 with magnesium metabolism: mechanism of action. (1988)

Recently, a radio-, and chemoprotective drug, WR-2721 (S-2-[3-aminopropylamino]-,ethylphosphorothioic acid) proved to be a potent inhibitor of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. In human subjects, it not only decreased plasma Ca, but also induced a significant fall in the plasma magnesium level. In the present study in rats we investigated the mechanism(s) of this hypomagnesemic effect. In intact rats WR-2721 (0.7 mmol/kg s.c.) decreased plasma Mg from 0.96 +/- 0.03 to 0.67 +/- 0.02 mmol/l (p less than 0.001) within 2 h. In thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) animals plasma Mg fell from 0.93 +/- 0.03 to 0.72 +/- 0.03 mmol/l (p less than 0.001) 2 h after the same dose of WR-2721. In both intact and TPTX animals renal clearance experiments revealed that the WR-2721-induced hypomagnesemia was associated with an increase in urinary Mg excretion. This renal effect was not accompanied by a significant elevation in urinary sodium excretion, contrasting strikingly with the magnesuric action of furosemide. In bilaterally nephrectomized rats the hypomagnesemic effect of WR-2721 was abolished. Finally, the intracellular and/or tissue Mg contents of circulating lymphocytes, red blood cells, skeletal muscle, liver, bone and salivary glands were not significantly influenced by hypomagnesemic doses of WR-2721. In conclusion, these results indicate that the effects of WR-2721 on Mg metabolism cannot be ascribed to alterations in PTH and calcitonin secretion. Furthermore, they strongly suggest that the WR-2721-induced hypomagnesemia is mainly due to an inhibition of tubular Mg reabsorption.
Integration of genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic into a neural network simulation environment (2002)

NEUROGRAPH is a simulation environment for neural networks. It provides an easy to use graphical user interface to design, construct and execute neural networks. The most important design goals were easy extensibility, good performance and the ability to solve real world problems. Extensibility is ensured by an extremely flexible, hierarchical internal representation (data structure), which can be easily manipulated by graphical tools. Current available extensions to the neural network simulator are components for genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic. As an example the automated generation of a neural network by a genetic algorithm is shown. This data structure can be interpreted for debugging purposes or can be executed directly for high performance computing. In the later case C or C++ code is generated from the internal representation of the neural functions, compiled and stored in an executable process (library). NEUROGRAPH has a file or process interface to interconnect which other processes. It is also possible to generate C or C++ code representing the neural network which can be incorporated in other applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Age and Interstimulus Interval on the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential (1981)

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were studied in young (mean age 25 years; n = 8) and very healthy elderly women (mean age 71.2 years; n = 8) in order to evaluate the effects of age on transmission time over the brainstem auditory afferent pathway. Peak latencies, interwave latencies (ILs) and response amplitudes were determined at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 100, 50, 20 and 10 msec. Four repeated measures were obtained at each ISI in order to assess response variability as a function of age. While the elderly group had delayed peak latencies for all BAEP components, ILs were equivalent in the two age groups. Response amplitude tended to be reduced in the elderly compared to the young group and this effect was dependent upon ISI. Latency values (both peak and ILs) increased with decreasing ISI but there was no age-ISI interaction. Response variability did not change with age. The peak latency increases observed in the elderly were shown to be due to peripheral processes (mild presbycusis). The lack of an age effect for ILs and the lack of an ISI-age interaction indicate no age related slowing of central transmission time in the afferent auditory system at least to the region of the superior olivary complex and inferior colliculi.
A New UWB Receiver in the Indoor Multipath Environment (2005)

In the literatures about Ultra Wide Band (UWB) to date, the receiver structure is mainly based on Rake receiver. But due to the wave distortion caused by overlapped between the received and the sent pulses, a lot of energy in demodulator will be lost. In this paper, a new receiver is developed by adopting maximum likelihood algorithm, in which RAKE structure is not needed and can also be implemented easily. The simulation showed that this method has BER advantage over the traditional RAKE receiver with maximal ratio combining at high SNR, and over the autocorrelation receiver as well.
Enhanced THz frequency multiplier efficiency by quasi-ballistic electron reflection in double-heterojunction structures (2008)

A self-consistent ensemble Monte Carlo model is used to demonstrate the enhancement of frequency multiplication efficiency by quasi-ballistic electron reflection (Q-BER) in In(0.52)Al(0.48)As/In(0.53)Ga(0.47)As/In(0.52)Al(0.48)As heterostructures. Simulation results showed that the strong nonlinearity due to this familiar mechanism is able to produce the third harmonic of the current response at almost half of the amplitude of the fundamental at excitation frequencies between 50 and 250 GHz. It is found that the proposed structure is more efficient for frequency multiplication with a thinner well, where the Q-BER phenomenon is more profound. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2008.
Fast and simple detection methods for the 4–base pair deletion of canine <i>MDR1</i>/<i>ABCB1</i> gene by PCR and isothermal amplification (2017)

Dogs with a 4-bp deletion in the MDR1 (or ABCB1) gene show intolerance to certain drugs routinely used in veterinary medicine, such as ivermectin, vincristine, and doxorubicin. The mutation leads to a dysfunctional P-glycoprotein drug transporter, which results in drug accumulation in the brain and severe neurotoxicity. A rapid and accurate in-house test to determine the genotype of patients in cases of acute neurotoxic signs or in tumor patients is desirable. We describe a cost-effective detection method with simple technical equipment for veterinary practice. Two allele-specific methods are presented, which allow discrimination of all genotypes, require little hands-on time, and show the results within ~1 h after DNA sampling. DNA from buccal swabs of 115 dogs with known genotype (no mutation, n = 54; heterozygous for the mutation, n = 37; homozygous for the mutation, n = 24) was extracted either by using a column-based extraction kit or by heating swabs in a simple NaOH-Tris buffer. Amplification was performed either by allele-specific fast polymerase chain reaction or by allele-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Analysis was done either on agarose gels, by simple endpoint visualization using ultraviolet light, or by measuring the increase of fluorescence and time to threshold crossing. Commercial master mixes reduced the preparation time and minimized sources of error in both methods. Both methods allowed the discrimination of all 3 genotypes, and the results of the new methods matched the results of the previous genotyping. The presented methods could be used for fast individual MDR1/ ABCB1 genotyping with less equipment than existing methods.
The chidhood patients with common variable immunodeficiency registered to the All Japan Immunodeficiency Registry (1987)

The authors reported and discussed the clinical and immunological features of 80 children registered as sufferers of common variable immunodeficiency to the All Japan Immunodeficiency Registry up to April 16, 1986.12.3% of the patients reported some cases suspected of common variable immunodeficiency in their family members.Mean age of the diagnosis of the patients was 65.0±49.0 months old. Mean age of the 60 survivors at the time of registration was 112.1±66.4 months old, and mean age of death of the 19 expired patients was 76.3±84.4 months old.Respiratory tract infection was the most common initial symptom among the patients, and 92.5% of the all patients reported susceptibility to infection. Pneumonia (55.0%), otitis media (37.4%), pyodermia (30.0%), gastroenteritis (17.5%) and sepsis (10.0%) were common infection among the reported patients.Eczema (15.0%) and bronchial asthma (8.8%) were occasionally seen and there were two cases with rheumatoid arthritis, one with SLE and one with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. One patient was suffered from B cell type malignant lymphoma.48 of all 80 patients were also reported the levels of serum immunoglobulins, and 87.5% of the patients showed significantly low levels of IgG for their age. Among these patients with hypo-IgG-emia, 43.8% also showed significantly low levels of both IgA and IgM and 29.2% also showed significantly low levels of IgA. 54.2% of 24 patients with hypo-IgG-emia were reported to have decreased numbers of B cells in the peripheral blood.Replacement of IgG with human serum imunoglobulin preparations was reported to be the most common effective therapy applied to these patients with common variable immunodeficiency.
The Effects of Pretreatment, CH<sub>4</sub> Gas Ratio and Bias Potential on the Microstructure of Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposited Diamond Thin Films (1997)

Diamond thin films were deposited on p-type Si(100) wafers by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) using mixtures of H 2 , CH 4 and O 2 gases. Deposition was carried out at a substrate temperature of 900°C and a pressure of 40 Torr. In order to examine the effect of pretreatment on the film formation, SiC and diamond powders were used as pretreatment powders. Also, the methane gas ratio in the gas mixture was varied to observe its effect on the crystal structure of diamond films. Furthermore, the substrate bias effect on the diamond film formation was examined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the microstructures of diamond thin films. The highest nucleus density was obtained by pretreatment with diamond powders of 40mbox-60 µm in size and a negative bias potential to the substrates. The deposited diamond films were found to contain many defects. The density of the defects increased with CH 4 concentration in the gas mixtures. It is believed that the gas mixture with a high CH 4 ratio must have promoted the formation of a graphite phase, probably due to the insufficient amount of atomic hydrogen acting as a selective etchant for graphite. Diamond films with good quality and a nucleus density of 10 8 /cm 2 could be deposited by utilizing the combined effects of a negative bias potential and a magnetic field.
Cyclization protocols for controlling the glycosidic stereochemistry of nucleosides. Application to the synthesis of the antiviral agent 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclization protocols for controlling the glycosidic stereochemistry of nucleosides. Application to the synthesis of the antiviral agent 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)Michael W. Hager and Dennis C. LiottaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 13, 5117–5119Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00013a088https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00013a088research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views424Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts