gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the sigD transcription unit of Bacillus subtilis (1994)

The sigma D factor of Bacillus subtilis is required for the transcription of the flagellin and motility genes as well as for wild-type chemotaxis. Southern blot and sequence analyses demonstrate that the structural gene for sigma D, sigD, is located immediately downstream of a region of DNA originally identified as the chemotaxis (che) locus and now renamed the fla/che region. In fact, sigD appears to be part of a very large operon (> 26 kb) containing genes which encode structural proteins that form the hook-basal body complex as well as regulatory proteins required for chemotaxis. Transposon insertions up to 24 kb upstream of sigD, within several of the genes for the hook-basal body components, give rise to only a moderate decrease in sigD expression. The transposon insertions, however, block sigma D activity as demonstrated by the lack of flagellin expression in strains bearing these insertions. These effects appear to arise from two types of regulation. In cis the transposon insertions appear to introduce a partial block to transcription of sigD from upstream promoter elements; in trans they disrupt genes whose gene products are required for sigma D activity. It appears that sigD transcription is initiated, at least in part, by a promoter many kilobases upstream of its translation start site and that transcription of the flagellin gene by sigma D is dependent on the formation of a functional hook-basal body complex. The possibility that sigD is part of the fla/che operon was further tested by the integration of an insertion plasmid, containing strong transcription terminators, 1.6 and 24 kb upstream of the sigD gene. In both cases, the introduction of the terminators resulted in a greater decrease of sigD expression than was caused by the plasmid sequences alone. These results indicate that wild-type transcription of sigD is dependent on promoter sequences > 24kb upstream of its structural gene and that the entire fla/che region forms a single operon.
Effect of Photoirradiation on the Properties of Layered Titanate Thin Films from Transparent Aqueous Titanate Sols (2003)

Abstract UV irradiation on films prepared by a spin-coating method using aqueous titanate sols was investigated. The transparent sols used in this study were prepared by a reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TIP) with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) or alkylamines, and consisted of a layered compound. The refractive indices and hardening of the films increased with the irradiation time, indicating that photoirradiation accelerated densification of the films. It was found that these phenomena were caused by the photocatalytic decomposition of alkylammonium ions located between the titanate sheets to contract the interlayer distance. Interestingly, when the film prepared from the TIP–TMAOH sol containing 30 mol% of sucrose to Ti was irradiated through a patterning mask and subsequently heated in air at 500 °C, the irradiated part of the film selectively turned dark brown due to residual carbon. It was thought that sucrose molecules were confined within the host titanate layers densificated by UV irradiation and that the oxidation of the sucrose by oxygen in air was difficult under heating because the densificated titanates might suppress the diffusion of oxygen. On the other hand, such coloring of the films by sucrose was not found for films prepared from an aqueous suspension of crystalline TiO2 (anatase), an aqueous solution of TIP–lactic acid (LA)–NH3, and alcoholic sols such as the TIP–diethanolamine (DEA) system.
The impact of repeaters on CDMA system performance (2002)

In mobile communication systems, due to practical frequency wave propagation, there are zones in the selected area, where signal coverage is not adequately accomplished by the base-station. These dead spots are valleys, tunnels on highways and railway tracks. Repeaters are typically viewed as a solution to this problem. We examine repeaters from a slightly different perspective, investigating how, when used in a flat terrain environment they not only extend signal coverage, but impact system performance as well.
Nerve mediated relaxation of the human internal anal sphincter: the role of nitric oxide. (1993)

The aim of this study was to determine if nitric oxide (NO) is the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmitter, released by enteric inhibitory nerves, which mediates relaxation of the human internal anal sphincter. Isolated muscle strips were mounted for isometric tension recording in superfusion organ baths. Sodium nitroprusside, an exogenous donor of NO, relaxed the strips in a concentration dependent manner. In the presence of atropine and guanethidine, transmural field stimulation produced tetrodotoxin sensitive relaxations, which were inhibited in a dose dependent and enantiomer specific manner by antagonists of NO synthase; completely by L-nitroarginine and partially by L-N-monomethyl arginine. The effect of these antagonists was reversed by L-arginine but not D-arginine. Oxyhaemoglobin, a scavenger of nitric oxide, also abolished the relaxations but methaemoglobin had no such effect. These results strongly suggest that NO is, or is very closely associated with, the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmitter mediating neurogenic relaxation of the human internal anal sphincter.
Evolution of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> by Large Chromosomal Replacements (2004)

Conjugative transfer and replacement of hundreds of kilobases of a bacterial chromosome can occur in vitro, but replacements in nature are either an order of magnitude smaller or involve the movement of mobile genetic elements. We discovered that two lineages of Staphylococcus aureus, including a pandemic methicillin-resistant lineage, were founded by single chromosomal replacements of at least approximately 244 and approximately 557 kb representing approximately 10 and approximately 20% of the chromosome, respectively, without the obvious involvement of mobile genetic elements. The replacements are unprecedented in natural populations of bacteria because of their large size and unique structure and may have a dramatic impact on bacterial evolution.
Perfluoroalkyl Ether Di-s-triazinyl Substituted Alkanes (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPerfluoroalkyl Ether Di-s-triazinyl Substituted AlkanesThomas S. Croft, J. L. Zollinger, and Carl E. Snyder Jr.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1974, 13, 2, 144–147Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360050a013https://doi.org/10.1021/i360050a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Identification and characterization of eight cadmium resistant bacterial isolates from a cadmium-contaminated sewage sludge (2004)

CHOVANOVA ,K ., S LADEKOVA ,D ., K MEŤ ,V ., P ROKSOVA ,M ., H ARICHOVA, J., PUSKAROVA ,A ., P OLEK ,B . F ISSN 0006-3088. (Biologia). ISSN 1335-6399 (Biologia. Section Cellular and Molecular Biology). Cadmium-resistant bacterial community, isolated from sewage sludge contaminated by cadmium ions, was characterized by biochemical reactions, amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and in physiological terms. Between bacteria from bacterial community short cadmium-resistant Gram-negative rods predominated. Eight of them were biochemically profiled using either API 20 E, API 20 NE systems or ENTEROtests, and by key conventional and confirmation tests. Biochemical tests assigned the eight isolates to six bacterial species, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, Comamonas testosteroni, Klebsiella planticola, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Serratia liquefaciens. The ARDRA analysis of each of the eight isolates enabled five different ARDRA patterns to be recognized. P. putida and P. fluorescens, identified by biochemical tests as two different species, ARDRA analysis clustered these two strains to the same cluster indicating only one species. Differentiation among strains of the same ARDRA group was shown by analysis of whole cell protein patterns. Cadmium-resistant bacterial isolates were able to remove cadmium from solution and the efficiency of cadmium removal correlated with the amount of additionally synthesized proteins in the cell fractions. Analysis of plasmid content revealed that only two K. planticola strains harbored plasmids. The ability of biochemical and molecular methods to identify and characterize natural culturable bacterial community isolated from polluted environment, and the potential exploitation of cadmium-resistant bacterial strains in bioremediation processes aimed at heavy metal removal from contaminated environments, is discussed in this study.
Formaldehyde removal by the internal wall paint – preliminary study (2018)

Formaldehyde is an important indoor air pollutant. It is released mainly from building materials and consumer products. This contaminant has been recognized as having negative effect on humans. Recently, there are developed methods of reducing its emission as well as removal from indoor air. An example of the last approach is the functionalisation of interior wall paints. The influence of such paint on indoor air was preliminarily examined in this work. The obtained results show that, during intermittent exposures, responses of formaldehyde measurement device were lower in the room painted with functionalised paint compared with the room painted using traditional formula paint. This outcome was statistically significant in 67% of the examined cases at the significance level α =0.01. It was found that the serious problem associated with determining the influence of functionalised paint on indoor air, in real conditions, is the low level of formaldehyde concentrations, compared with the detection limit and accuracy of the available measurement devices.
Some attitudes of Portuguese immigrants to South Africa regarding re-migration (1990)

Abstract The data obtained in this research generally support the hypothesis that the societal institutions of South Africa provide Portuguese immigrants with a sufficient sense of trust, group inclusion and security, with the result that they do not experience undue social pressure to re-migrate. Portuguese immigrants, in spite of a somewhat insular attitude structure and possibly negative attitudes of native South Africans toward them, clearly intend to remain in South Africa. Portuguese immigrants therefore appear to be a good risk for those who finance their migration to South Africa. Further research is needed to analyse the underlying dynamics of the apparently anomalous phenomenon that Portuguese immigrants, while being a good risk as immigrants, appear to be part of a relatively insular community.
Production of Polyclonal Antisera (2008)

Much of modern biology and biochemistry relies on the availability of highly specific antibodies for use in such ubiquitous techniques as immunohistochemistry, ELISAs, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting. Thus, the generation of large quantities of specific antibodies directed to proteins or peptides of interest is essential to the success of both basic and applied research programs. In addition, with the advent of antibody-based proteomic strategies for profiling protein expression and post-translational modification, a requirement for timely production of specific antibodies has emerged. Polyclonal antibodies derived from animals immunized with purified proteins or peptides are particularly valuable for use in the laboratory. This unit provides protocols for the production of polyclonal antisera specific for protein antigens in rabbits, rats, mice, and hamsters.
Security and Privacy-Enhancing Multicloud Architectures (2013)

Security challenges are still among the biggest obstacles when considering the adoption of cloud services. This triggered a lot of research activities, resulting in a quantity of proposals targeting the various cloud security threats. Alongside with these security issues, the cloud paradigm comes with a new set of unique features, which open the path toward novel security approaches, techniques, and architectures. This paper provides a survey on the achievable security merits by making use of multiple distinct clouds simultaneously. Various distinct architectures are introduced and discussed according to their security and privacy capabilities and prospects.
Chemistry of Secondary Polyphenols Produced during Processing of Tea and Selected Foods (2009)

This review will discuss recent progress in the chemistry of secondary polyphenols produced during food processing. The production mechanism of the secondary polyphenols in black tea, whisky, cinnamon, and persimmon fruits will be introduced. In the process of black tea production, tea leaf catechins are enzymatically oxidized to yield a complex mixture of oxidation products, including theaflavins and thearubigins. Despite the importance of the beverage, most of the chemical constituents have not yet been confirmed due to the complexity of the mixture. However, the reaction mechanisms at the initial stages of catechin oxidation are explained by simple quinone-phenol coupling reactions. In vitro model experiments indicated the presence of interesting regio- and stereoselective reactions. Recent results on the reaction mechanisms will be introduced. During the aging of whisky in oak wood barrels, ellagitannins originating from oak wood are oxidized and react with ethanol to give characteristic secondary ellagitannins. The major part of the cinnamon procyanidins is polymerized by copolymerization with cinnamaldehyde. In addition, anthocyanidin structural units are generated in the polymer molecules by oxidation which accounts for the reddish coloration of the cinnamon extract. This reaction is related to the insolubilization of proanthocyanidins in persimmon fruits by condensation with acetaldehyde. In addition to oxidation, the reaction of polyphenols with aldehydes may be important in food processing.
Identification and characterization of a Fc Receptor activity on the Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite (1998)

The Immunoglobulin (Ig) binding capacity of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites was investigated using fluorescence flow-cytometry analysis. Polyclonal mouse, human and rat immunoglobulins without specific anti-Toxoplasma activity bound to parasites in a concentration-dependent manner, saturating them at circulating serum concentrations. The immunoglobulin class and subclass specificity of binding was investigated using irrelevant monoclonal antibodies. IgM, IgA and IgG reacted with the parasite membrane. The attachment of mouse IgM to the parasite surface was hampered by mouse IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3. The binding of mouse IgG was proportionally reduced with increasing concentrations of mouse monoclonal IgM. The binding of murine immunoglobulin was diminished when in presence of human IgG. Purified Fc- but not Fab portions of immunoglobulins, fixed to parasites. Using labelled calibrated beads, the Ig binding capacity of parasites was estimated to be 6900 ± 500 sites per tachyzoite. The Kd of the T. gondii Fc Receptor (FcR) activity was determined at 1.4 ± 0.1 μM (mean ± SEM). Such FcR activity was reduced by phospholipase C, trypsin and pronase treatment of the parasites. These data show a low affinity FcR activity on T. gondii tachyzoites which recognizes Ig of different species and isotypes and is likely supported by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored surface protein of the parasite.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of the Gene for Elastin-binding Protein (ebpS) in Staphylococcus aureus (1996)

Interactions between staphylococci and components of the extracellular matrix mediate attachment of the bacteria to host tissues and organs and define an important mechanism leading to colonization, invasion, and formation of metastatic abscesses. We have previously demonstrated a specific binding interaction between Staphylococcus aureus and elastin, one of the major protein components of the extracellular matrix. Available evidence suggests that this association is mediated by a 25-kDa elastin-binding protein on the surface of S. aureus (EbpS). To study the molecular structure and function of EbpS, the gene encoding EbpS was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. DNA sequence data indicate that the ebpS open reading frame consists of 606 base pairs and encodes a novel polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 23,345 daltons and pI of 4.9. A polyclonal antibody raised against recombinant EbpS interacted with the native 25-kDa cell surface EbpS and inhibited staphylococcal elastin binding. Furthermore, recombinant EbpS bound specifically to immobilized elastin and inhibited binding of S. aureus to elastin. A degradation product of recombinant EbpS lacking the first 59 amino acids of the molecule and a C-terminal fragment of CNBr-cleaved recombinant EbpS, however, did not interact with elastin. Together, these results confirm that EbpS is the cell surface molecule mediating binding of S. aureus to elastin. The inability of truncated forms of recombinant EbpS to bind to elastin suggests that the elastin binding site in EbpS is contained in the first 59 amino acids of the molecule.
Secondary Ear Reconstruction with Cartilage Grafts Covered by Axial, Random, and Free Flaps of Temporoparietal Fascia (1983)

Secondary ear reconstructions due to either previous surgical failures or severe traumatic injuries present a significant reconstructive challenge. In this paper we introduce an aggressive reconstructive approach in which radical scar excision is followed by immediate coverage of a newly sculpted cartilage framework with a temporoparietal fascial flap and skin graft. This approach evolved through experience with 40 patients who required secondary reconstructions due to either previous surgeries or trauma.
Quasiparticle States near the Surface and the Domain Wall in a<i><i>p</i></i><sub><i><i>x</i></i></sub>±<b><i>i</i></b><i><i>p</i></i><sub><i><i>y</i></i></sub>-Wave Superconductor (1999)

The electronic states near a surface or a domain wall in the p-wave superconductor are studied for the order parameter of the form p_x\pm i p_y-wave, which is a unitary odd-parity state with broken time-reversal symmetry. This state has been recently suggested as the superconducting state of Sr_2 Ru O_4. The spatial variation of the order parameter and vector potential is determined self-consistently within the quasi-classical approximation. The local density of states at the surface is constant and does not show any peak-like or gap-like structure within the superconducting energy gap, in contrast to the case of the d-wave superconductors. The influence of an external magnetic field is mainly observable in the energy range above the bulk gap. On the other hand, there is a small energy gap in the local density of states at the domain wall between domains of the two degenerate p_x+i p_y-wave and p_x-i p_y-wave states.
[Trehalose loading red blood cells and freeze-drying preservation]. (2006)

This study was aimed to investigate the feasibility of cryopreserving red blood cells (RBCs) by loading with trehalose and to evaluate the effect of trehalose on lyophilized RBCs. Based on the thermal properties of RBC plasma membrane, the RBCs were incubated in 0.8 mol/L trehalose solution at 37 degrees C for 7 hours, and RBCs incubated in phosphate-buffered saline were used as control. The morphology of RBCs was observed by light and scanning electron microscopy, the hemolysis rate of loaded RBCs was detected by using cyanohemoglobin kit, the intracellular trehalose levels were assayed by sulfate anthrone method, the intracellular ATP and 2, 3-DPG levels were determined by bioluminescence assay and 2, 3-DPG kit respectively, meanwhile the deformation and osmotic fragility of RBCs were measured. The results showed that the intracellular trehalose concentration was 36.56 +/- 7.95 mmol/L, the electronical microscopic images of trehalose-loaded RBCs showed the membrane integrity, the hemolysis rate in trehalose-loaded RBCs was 15.663 +/- 3.848%, while hemolysis rate in controlled RBC was 5.03 +/- 1.85% (P < 0.05). Maximum index of deformation in trehalose-loaded RBC was 0.0289 +/- 0.00738, while maximum index of deformation in control group was 0.1200 +/- 0.0121 (P < 0.05), The level of ATP in trehalose-loaded RBC was 2.67 +/- 0.54 micromol/gHb, while the level of ATP in control group was 5.22 +/- 1.10 micromol/gHb (P > 0.05). Osmotic fragility data showed that trehalose exerted osmotic protection on RBC. During loading period the level of 2, 3-DPG in trehalose-loaded RBC was maintained close to the level in control. When trehalose-loaded RBCs were lyophilized and rehydrated, the recovery rate of hemoglobin was about 46.44 +/- 4.14% and that in control was 8.33 +/- 2.34% (P < 0.001). The recovery rate of hemoglobin of trehalose-loaded RBC was higher than that of control. It is concluded that trehalose can be integrated in the membrane of RBC in lyophilization state, maintain the integrity of RBC membrane, and significantly enhance the recovery rate of hemoglobin of cryopreserved RBCs. Cryopreserving RBCs by loading with trehalose is feasible.
Microbending Loss and Stresses Induced by both Temperature Variation and Axial Strain in Multi-coated Optical Fibers (1998)

Article Microbending Loss and Stresses Induced by both Temperature Variation and Axial Strain in Multi-coated Optical Fibers was published on June 1, 1998 in the journal Journal of Optical Communications (volume 19, issue 3).
Antisense oligonucleotides complementary to immunoglobulin sequences of BCL-2/immunoglobulin fusion transcript induce apoptosis of t(14;18) lymphoma cells (2000)

Antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides directed at the bcl-2 translational start site downregulate bcl-2 and inhibit growth of the t(14;18)-positive lymphoma line WSU-FSCCL. Non-specific downregulation of bcl-2 expression is expected to be toxic to normal cells as well. The t(14;18) translocation results in a fusion transcript containing the entire bcl-2 coding sequence with a 3' breakpoint fused to the immunoglobulin J(H) region and the c mu heavy chain. We postulated that these immunoglobulin sequences would be a specific target for downregulation of the fusion gene. Here, we have demonstrated that antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides targeted to immunoglobulin c(mu) sequences downregulate bcl-2 protein expression and induce apoptosis of WSU-FSCCL cells. Inhibiting growth of malignant cells by targeting non-oncogenic sequences other than breakpoints of fusion transcripts expands the potential for tumour-specific genetic manipulation.