gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Antibiotics on Plasmodium Falciparum in Vitro (1983)

Evidence from in vivo experiments and clinical reports in humans has indicated that some antibiotics demonstrate antimalarial activity. Twelve antibiotics have been tested against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro, including cycloheximide, streptomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, actinomycin D, rifampin, nalidixic acid, penicillin G, chlorhexidine, and isoniazid. Inhibitory effects obtained at various drug concentrations in vitro were compared to drug levels reported to be effective against bacteria in vivo. Several antibacterial drugs, including erythromycin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, rifampin and tetracycline, demonstrated significant antiparasitic effects at concentrations within or near those observed during therapy in vivo; the potency of erythromycin and tetracycline was greater at 96 hours of exposure than at 48 hours.
Activation of Specific Cellular Immunity toward Murine Leukemia in Mice Rejecting Syngeneic Somatic Hybrid Cells (1977)

Abstract ASL-1 × LM(TK)- somatic hybrid cells form both H-2a and H-2k antigen complexes. After forming a localized tumor in syngeneic (A/J × C3H/HeJ)F1 mice, they are rejected. Such mice are resistant to otherwise invariably lethal injections of ASL-1 cells, surviving for prolonged and, in some instances, indefinite periods. To examine the basis of immunity, the capacity of spleen cells from mice rejecting hybrid cells to stimulate the release of 51Cr from labeled ASL-1 cells was investigated. Cells from the spleens of mice rejecting ASL-1 × LM(TK)- cells stimulated the release of 51Cr from labeled ASL-1 cells, but not from Ehrlich ascites or P815 cells. Cells from mice injected with mitomycin-C-treated ASL-1 cells led to the release of 51Cr from labeled ASL-1 cells as well, but the extent of 51Cr release was approximately one-third as occurred in the presence of cells from hybrid cell-injected mice. Cells from noninjected mice or from mice injected with LM(TK)- cells failed to lead to the specific release of 51Cr from ASL-1 cells. The presence of unlabeled ASL-1 cells, but not Ehrlich ascites cells, competitively inhibited the spleen cell-stimulated release of 51Cr from labeled ASL-1 cells. Sera from A/J mice injected with mitomycin-C-treated ASL-1 cells contained antibodies specific for the tumor-associated antigen of ASL-1 cells. The specific release of 51Cr from ASL-1 cells stimulated by spleen cells from hybrid-cell injected F1 mice was inhibited by such antisera, but not by H-2a antisera. Treatment of spleen cells from mice injected with hybrid cells with Thy 1.2 antiserum before incubation with 51Cr-labeled leukemic cells reduced the proportion of 51Cr released by approximately one-half. Spleen cells from animals injected with hybrid cells, as well as to a lesser extent from noninjected mice, which are capable of adhering to plastic Petri dishes were active in the cytotoxic reactions as well. Results similar to these were obtained with 51Cr-labeled RADA-1 cells, a radiation-induced leukemia of A/J mice and spleen cells from (A/J × C3H/HeJ)F1 animals injected with RADA-1 × LM(TK)- hybrid cells.
Glutaraldehyde Inactivation of Virus in Tissue (1969)

High concentrations of influenza virus and T3 coliphage were inoculated into mouse tissue blocks. Exposure of the inoculated tissue blocks to 5% alkaline glutaraldehyde resulted in rapid inactivation of both viral agents.
Mouse models for HIV-1 infection (2005)

The generation of small animal models, which preserve the ability for the generation of primary and memory immune responses of the engrafted human immune cells and in which a robust HIV-1 infection may occur, may enable the rapid screening, development and evaluation of HIV-1 protective vaccines and adjuvants. This manuscript reviews the existing mouse HIV-1 models used to study virologic, immunologic and pathogenic aspects of HIV-1 infection and disease and discusses their limitations and advantages, especially in the context of vaccine development, with special focus on the recently developed Trimera-HIV-1 animal model.
The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (2013)

The field of antibiotic drug discovery and the monitoring of new antibiotic resistance elements have yet to fully exploit the power of the genome revolution. Despite the fact that the first genomes sequenced of free living organisms were those of bacteria, there have been few specialized bioinformatic tools developed to mine the growing amount of genomic data associated with pathogens. In particular, there are few tools to study the genetics and genomics of antibiotic resistance and how it impacts bacterial populations, ecology, and the clinic. We have initiated development of such tools in the form of the Comprehensive Antibiotic Research Database (CARD; http://arpcard.mcmaster.ca). The CARD integrates disparate molecular and sequence data, provides a unique organizing principle in the form of the Antibiotic Resistance Ontology (ARO), and can quickly identify putative antibiotic resistance genes in new unannotated genome sequences. This unique platform provides an informatic tool that bridges antibiotic resistance concerns in health care, agriculture, and the environment.
Exopolysaccharide Distribution of and Bioemulsifier Production by <i>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</i> BD4 and BD413 (1982)

The heavily encapsulated Acinetobacter calcoaceticus BD4 and the "miniencapsulated" single-step mutant A. calcoaceticus BD413 produced extracellular polysaccharides in addition to the capsular material. The molar ratio of rhamnose to glucose (3:1) in the extracellular BD413 polysaccharide fraction was similar to the composition of the capsular material. In both strains, the increase in capsular polysaccharide was parallel to cell growth and remained constant in stationary phase. The extracellular polysaccharides were detected starting from mid-logarithmic phase and continued to accumulate in the growth medium for 5 to 8 h after the onset of stationary phase. Strain BD413 produced one-fourth the total rhamnose exopolysaccharide per cell that strain BD4 did. Depending on the growth medium, 32 to 63% of the rhamnose polysaccharide produced by strain BD413 was extracellular, whereas in strain BD4 only 7 to 14% was extracellular. In all cases, strain BD413 produced more extracellular rhamnose polysaccharide than strain BD4 did. In glucose medium, strain BD413 also produced approximately 10 times more extracellular emulsifying activity than strain BD4 did. The isolated capsular polysaccharide obtained after shearing of BD4 cells showed no emulsifying activity. Thus, strain BD413 either produces a modified extracellular polysaccharide or excretes an additional substance(s) that is responsible for the emulsifying activity. Emulsions induced by the ammonium sulfate-precipitated BD413 extracellular emulsifier require the presence of magnesium ion and a mixture of an aliphatic and an aromatic hydrocarbon.
<b>Quality of life at work by Physical Education teachers</b> (2006)

The purpose of this study was to verify the validity and reliability of Perceived Work Quality of Life Scale by Physical Education (PE) Teachers from Elementary to High- School (QVT-PEF). The scale has 34 questions divided in eigth dimensions. For the content validation, 19 specialists were consulted, and they indicated 70% of agreement with the analytical matrix. For reliability, the procedure of test-retest was applied with an interval of one week in a sample of 58 PE teachers, from municipal, state, and private schools of Florianópolis, SC. The reliability was evaluated by the Spearman’s correlation (rs), and internal consistency of the instrument was analyzed by Cronbach’s alpha, using the statistical program SPSS for Windows, 11.0 version (p<0.05). The results demonstrated that all dimensions had high correlation for reliability (rs between 0.82-0.69). Thirty two questions (94.12%) obtained high correlation coefficients (rs between 0.85-0.60), and two questions (5.88%) indicated moderate correlation. For the internal consistency, it was found a high level of alpha of Cronbach (0.94), where 97.06% of the questions and 75% of the dimensions showed, at least, acceptable levels. Therefore, QVT-PEF presents good levels of reliability, internal consistency, as well as, content validity, justifying its use on studies aiming to determine quality of life at work among PE school teachers. <b> RESUMO </b> Objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a validade e a fidedignidade da “Escala de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho Percebida por Professores de Educação Física do Ensino Fundamental e Médio” (QVT-PEF). A escala possui 34 questões distribuídas em oito dimensões. Na validação de conteúdo foram consultados 19 especialistas na área, os quais apresentaram nível de consenso superior a 70%, confirmando a matriz analítica que sustenta o instrumento. Quanto à avaliação da fidedignidade, o procedimento de teste-reteste foi aplicado com intervalo de uma semana, numa amostra com 58 professores de Educação Física, atuantes nas redes de ensino municipal, estadual e particular de Florianópolis, SC. Enquanto que a reprodutibilidade foi avaliada por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (rs), a consistência interna pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, ambos com a utilização do programa estatístico SPSS for windows versão 11.0 (p<0,05). A reprodutibilidade detodas as dimensões mostrou alta correlação (rs entre 0,82-0,69), assim como 94,12% das questões apresentaram alta correlação (rs entre 0,85-0,60) e duas questões (5,88%) apresentaram correlação moderada. Quanto à consistência interna do instrumento, o valor geral encontrado do alfa de Cronbach foi elevado (0,9482), sendo que 97,06% das questões e 75% das dimensões obtiveram, no mínimo, nível razoável de consistência interna. Assim, conclui-se que o QVT-PEF apresenta níveis aceitáveis de reprodutibilidade, consistência interna e de validade de conteúdo, justificando a sua utilização em pesquisas que analisem a qualidade de vida de professores de Educação Física Escolar.
Modified silence suppression algorithms and their performance tests (2005)

In packet voice communication systems, silence suppression algorithms are employed to achieve bandwidth efficiency by suppressing the inactive part of the speech. In this paper, we consider a Nortel fixed-point silence suppression algorithm to investigate means of reducing the computational complexity with a little or no loss in the performance. In view of the compact structure and superior performance of the existing Nortel algorithm, certain modifications are introduced without altering the structure of the original design. Based on these modifications, two algorithms are proposed. Results from objective and subjective quality tests show that the performance of each of the two modified algorithms is comparable to that of the Nortel algorithm. As for the average computational complexity, simulation tests based on TMS320C5402 DSK show that reduction of about 40% and 22% can be achieved for the two modified algorithms.
Significance of Impaired Penile Tumescence and Associated Polysomnographic Abnormalities in the Impotent Patient (1981)

Of 15 consecutive patients with secondary impotence 7 (46 per cent) had varied degrees of abnormal nocturnal penile tumescence and 1 or more of the following sleep-associated events: frequent apnea and hypoventilation, myoclonus and a slow but remarkably stable heart rate even during episodes of respiratory impairment. All nocturnal penile tumescence measurements, except circumference change at the glans, were significantly lower than in patients with psychogenic impotence or normal subjects. These findings, not described previously, suggest probable central nervous system etiology of organic impotence in some patients. Skilled nocturnal penile tumescence assessment in conjunction with a comprehensive polysomnographic study is an essential diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of the impotent patient.
A dual frame design for sampling elderly minorities and persons with disabilities (1995)

Multiple data sources are sometimes available as potential sampling frames for population surveys, and in some situations the use of a multiple frame sample design is more advantageous than using a single sampling frame. The use of multiple sampling frames, however, has variance and bias implications, as well as sampling, data collection, and logistical considerations. These issues are addressed for a proposed dual frame sampling approach in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The results of an investigation of the sampling efficiencies and operational issues in supplementing the NHIS area frame sample with a sample of elderly African and Hispanic Americans and persons with disabilities selected from Social Security Administration files are presented.
Circadian Regulation of Cortisol Release in Behaviorally Split Golden Hamsters (2011)

The master circadian clock located within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is necessary for the circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid (GC) release. The pathways by which the SCN sustains rhythmic GC release remain unclear. We studied the circadian regulation of cortisol release in the behaviorally split golden hamster, in which the single bout of circadian locomotor activity splits into two bouts approximately 12 h apart after exposing the animals to constant light conditions. We show that unsplit control hamsters present a single peak of cortisol release that is concomitant with a single peak of ACTH release. In contrast, split hamsters show two peaks of cortisol release that are approximately 12 h appart and are appropriately phased to each locomotor activity bout but surprisingly do not rely on rhythmic release of ACTH. Our results are consistent with a model in which the circadian pacemaker within the SCN regulates the circadian release of GC via input to the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and via a second regulatory pathway, which likely involves sympathetic innervation of the adrenal and can operate even in the absence of ACTH circadian rhythmic release. Furthermore, we show that although the overall 24-h cortisol output in split hamsters is lower than in unsplit controls, split hamsters release constant low levels of ACTH. This result suggests that the timing, rather than the absolute amount, of cortisol release is more critical for the induction of negative feedback effects that regulate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Modulation of optical bistability by an additional laser beam (1982)

A theory of modulation of optical bistability of a main (signal) beam by an additional (control) beam is presented. It is supposed that the mirrors composing a Fabry-Perot cavity are highly reflective to the signal beam but transparent to the control beam. We show that the property of a medium in the cavity, and hence the transmission of the signal beam through the cavity, is modulated by the control beam which changes the dielectric susceptibility of the intracavity medium. Amplification of the signal beam occurs in the limit of a strong control beam. The process can be viewed as a parametric transfer of energy between the signal beam and the control beam with the nonlinear medium providing the nonlinear susceptibility that couples the beams. In addition, multibistability in the transmission characteristics of the signal beam is predicted and attributed to the saturation effect of the multiphoton processes.
Oral Treatment with <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> Expressing <i>Staphylococcus hyicus</i> Lipase Enhances Lipid Digestion in Pigs with Induced Pancreatic Insufficiency (2002)

The Staphylococcus hyicus lip gene was cloned in Lactococcus lactis. Pancreatic insufficiency was induced by ligation of the pancreatic duct in pigs. In pigs who had undergone pancreatic ligation, the coefficient of fat absorption was higher after consumption of lipase-expressing L. lactis (91.9% +/- 3.7%) than that after consumption of the inactive control strain (78.4% +/- 2.4%).
Attitude determination of a three-axis stabilized spacecraft using star sensors (1999)

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the application of a six-state discrete Kalman filter for estimates of angular rates based solely on star sensor data. The satellite is in a Molnyia orbit where orbital angular velocity and orbital angular acceleration are predetermined and stored in the on-board computer; such that they will be available each time a star observation is made. A two-axis star sensor will provide two angles to the estimator whereupon the third "unsensed" angle will be predicted; the rates about all three axes are then estimated. The results show that the rate estimates are accurate to within 10(exp -7) r/s, which is equivalent to the data produced by gyroscopes.
Operational Results of Waste Water Treatment Plants with Biological N and N Elimination (1992)

To an ever-increasing degree, it is nowadays demanded of treatment plants that they eliminate nitrogen and phosphorus from the waste water. Of the 81 treatment plants operated by the Lippeverband, a large number even now eliminate nitrogen although the percentage eliminated is still not optimal since, until recently, N elimination was still predominantly considered from the point of view of economy and stabilization of the degradation process. A further increase is definitely possible by means of an improved process and control technology. Phosphorus elimination can also be largely effected biologically. One of the plants provided with denitrification stages was appropriately retrofitted for this process. The results after two years of operation show that an optimum treatment efficiency can be achieved with a plant of this type.
XDR Tuberculosis — Implications for Global Public Health (2007)

The global threat of XDR tuberculosis has great significance for the public health field. Drs. Mario Raviglione and Ian Smith write that its very existence is a reflection of weaknesses in tuberculosis management. Ian Smith discusses XDR tuberculosis, its relationship with HIV infection, and the global threat it poses.
A Method for Studying the Distribution and Sign of Static Charges on Solid Materials (1949)

A special powder is used to show how static electricity is distributed on materials such as paper. Red particles of this powder are attracted to positively charged areas and blue particles are attracted to negatively charged areas. Paper from heat-set printing presses shows streaks of static electricity generated by idling rollers and shifting patterns of static electricity generated in the folder, often with opposite charges on the same sheet of paper.
A Scalable Image Processing Framework for gigapixel Mars and other celestial body images (2010)

The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) camera takes the largest images of the Martian surface. The image size is typically around 2.52 gigapixels. There is only a handful of software capable of doing a task as simple as reducing the size of the image by half and saving the result as a new image. The Scalable Image Processing Framework (SIPF) overcomes these issues by creating a generalized tile-based processing pipeline that loads only a small portion of the image into memory. This allows for the data in memory at any given time to become manageable. Image tiles are an intrinsic property that provides scalability and efficiency while processing images. Distributed computing technologies such as cloud computing can be applied naturally. A mathematical framework for scalable image operations is defined that provides insight into the scalable considerations needed with each class of operations. We also formalize the deferred execution design pattern and show how it is used as a basis for our implementation. The SIPF has the ability to perform a variety of scalable image operations such as cropping, rotation, scaling (bilinear and nearest neighbor interpolation), edge detection, sharpening, convolution (filters), brightness, contrast, and Gaussian blurring. The Scalable Image Processing Framework will be used to process incoming images from the Mars Exploration Rovers and eventually the Mars Science Laboratory. It will be integrated with the Maestro software (science visualization and planning tool). Maestro is used for the Mars Exploration Rover Mission and other celestial body exploratory missions.
Migraine and Meniere’s disease (2002)

The lifetime prevalence of migraine is increased in patients with MD when strict diagnostic criteria for both conditions are applied. The frequent occurrence of migrainous symptoms during Ménière attacks suggests a pathophysiologic link between the two diseases. Alternatively, because migraine itself is a frequent cause of audio-vestibular symptoms, current diagnostic criteria may not differentiate between MD and migrainous vertigo.
Regulation of CIP/KIP cell cycle inhibitors and their biological implications (2009)

The cell cycle regulation is a key homeostatic device upon the cellular decision during the multi processes like proliferation, differentiation, survival and death. Human cancers can arise from the result of functional failure in cell cycle regulators. Therefore, activity of the major cell cycle regulator, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), is tightly regulated by cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) such as the p21CIP1 and p27KIP1. These CKIs, mainly functioning as a cyclinE/CDK2 complex inhibitor during the G1 cell cycle, have been reported to play disparate roles including the assembly of cyclinD/CDK4, 6 and others that apparently assist cell growth if not help carcinogenesis. While their genetic disruptions are rarely found in human cancers, low expression levels or cytoplasmic mislocalizations of the p21CIP1 and p27KIP1 often correlate with human malignancies. Recent studies show that signalling kinases can directly phosphorylate these proteins as a substrate and change their activities in the role of a cell cycle inhibitor by switching interacting partner proteins after the phosphorylation-driven structural modifications. This report will discuss the complex regulatory mechanisms of p21CIP1 and p27KIP1 proteins on the cue of extracellular signals and their indications of functional importance to carcinogenesis.
Carbonate Matrix Acidizing with Acetic Acid (2000)

Abstract Conventional matrix acidizing in carbonate reservoirs uses hydrochloric acid to remove formation damage and stimulate well performance. Many experimental and theoretical studies in carbonate acidizing have confirmed the existence of an optimal acid injection rate at which major wormholes are formed, and the benefit from stimulation is maximized. This optimal rate depends on reservoir conditions, rock properties and chemical reaction rate. At high reservoir temperature, the optimal rate of hydrochloric acid is usually too high, and it sometimes is beyond the maximum injection allowed (the rate to avoid fracturing formation). In this case, weak acids, such as acetic acid, are alternative fluids to stimulate the wells. In our previous study, a theoretical model showed that under the same condition, the optimal injection rate for weak acids is relatively lower than the one for strong acids. This paper presents an experimental study of the wormholing process in carbonate acidizing with acetic acid. Carbonate rock samples were acidized, and the effectiveness of the process and the optimal injection rate were studied by measuring the acid volume needed to propagate wormholes through the cores and by making castings of the wormhole structures after acidizing. The experimental results from this study confirmed that the optimal injection rate of acetic acid is lower than the optimal rate for hydrochloric acid. It also showed from the castings that the radius of wormholes created by acetic acid at the optimal rate is larger than that created by hydrochloric acid at the optimal rate. We then demonstrate how these results can be used to determine the optimal acid system and injection schedule for field application.