gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of transcription of the Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase locus: studies with pck-lacZ operon fusions (1984)

Mutants of Escherichia coli containing genetic fusions of lacZ to the pck (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) locus were isolated by using Mu d(lacZ Ampr) bacteriophage. Synthesis of beta-galactosidase in these strains is regulated by cyclic AMP and glucose (catabolite repression). Synthesis of beta-galactosidase by pck-lacZ fusions was induced in log-phase cells growing on gluconeogenic media, was repressed by glucose, and was also induced up to 100-fold at the onset of stationary phase in LB medium. This stationary-phase induction required cyclic AMP and some other unknown regulatory signal.
Exact sampling with coupled Markov chains and applications to statistical mechanics (1996)

For many applications it is useful to sample from a finite set of objects in accordance with some particular distribution. One approach is to run an ergodic (i.e., irreducible aperiodic) Markov chain whose stationary distribution is the desired distribution on this set; after the Markov chain has run for M steps, with M sufficiently large, the distribution governing the state of the chain approximates the desired distribution. Unfortunately, it can be difficult to determine how large M needs to be. We describe a simple variant of this method that determines on its own when to stop and that outputs samples in exact accordance with the desired distribution. The method uses couplings which have also played a role in other sampling schemes; however, rather than running the coupled chains from the present into the future, one runs from a distant point in the past up until the present, where the distance into the past that one needs to go is determined during the running of the algorithm itself. If the state space has a partial order that is preserved under the moves of the Markov chain, then the coupling is often particularly efficient. Using our approach, one can sample from the Gibbs distributions associated with various statistical mechanics models (including Ising, random-cluster, ice, and dimer) or choose uniformly at random from the elements of a finite distributive lattice. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Programmed death ligand-1 expression and its prognostic role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2016)

PD-L1 expression is positively correlated with c-Met expression in ESCC. PD-L1 may play a critical role in distant failure and progression of ESCC.
Effects of limited food intake on the obese-hyperglycemic syndrome (1976)

In ob/ob mice a 12-wk period of food restriction led to a reduced rate of somatic growth and a decreased lean body mass, along with small but reliable reductions in systemic immunoreactive insulin levels and evidence of increased insulin sensitivity. However, no effects of limited access to food were noted on the basal hyperglycemia, the elevated percent carcass lipid, or on the significantly higher levels of serum corticoids that occur in obese animals. These data indicate that hyperphagia alone is not responsible for the maintenance of many of the commonly reported characteristics of the obese-hyperglycemic syndrome, but do not exclude the contribution of factors secondary to the quantity of ingested food. Additionally, the present data lend support to recent work suggesting that chronic hyperinsulinemia or an elevated set point of total carcass lipid may be instrumental in the development of this syndrome.
Pathophysiology of pain in postherpetic neuralgia: A clinical and neurophysiological study (2008)

Postherpetic neuralgia is an exceptionally drug-resistant neuropathic pain. To investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying postherpetic neuralgia we clinically investigated sensory disturbances, pains and itching, with an 11-point numerical rating scale in 41 patients with ophthalmic postherpetic neuralgia. In all the patients we recorded the blink reflex, mediated by non-nociceptive myelinated Abeta-fibers, and trigeminal laser evoked potentials (LEPs) related to nociceptive myelinated Adelta- and unmyelinated C-fiber activation. We also sought possible correlations between clinical sensory disturbances and neurophysiological data. Neurophysiological testing yielded significantly abnormal responses on the affected side compared with the normal side (P<0.001). The blink reflex delay correlated with the intensity of paroxysmal pain, whereas the Adelta- and C-LEP amplitude reduction correlated with the intensity of constant pain (P<0.01). Allodynia correlated with none of the neurophysiological data. Our study shows that postherpetic neuralgia impairs all sensory fiber groups. The neurophysiological-clinical correlations suggest that constant pain arises from a marked loss of nociceptive afferents, whereas paroxysmal pain is related to Abeta-fiber demyelination. These findings might be useful for a better understanding of pain mechanisms in postherpetic neuralgia.
All-optical parallel logic operation using fiber laser plate for digital image processing (1980)

A fiber laser plate exhibits sharp transition and high contrast. We describe the first demonstration of all-optical parallel logic operations such as A/D conversion and the AND and OR operations important for digital optical computers using the device as an optical switch array.
Synthesis, properties and applications of self -assembled quantum structures (2001)

Continued miniaturization of electronic devices is the primary cause for improvement of both speed and packing density. At this time, there is a great demand for nanostructured devices, that are essentially quasi one-dimensional (quantum wires) or quasi zero-dimensional (quantum dots), which promise vastly improved speed and power characteristics. In this dissertation, we employed electrochemical self-assembly for the fabrication of highly periodic two-dimensional arrays of metallic and semiconductor quantum dots or wires. Self-assembly is an attractive alternative to nanolithography because of high throughput and low cost. The structural analysis of the self-assembled quantum structures was carried out by AFM, TEM and SEM to reveal information about sizes, shape and periodicity. Additional information about quantum mechanical confinement of carriers in these structures was provided by Raman spectroscopy. We discovered two new phenomena in self assembled CdS and ZnSe quantum dots. The first is an intrinsic bistability in the transport (I-V) characteristics that can be exploited to realize a non-volatile quantum dot memory (patent applied for), and the second is a strong infrared photoresistance that can be used in a novel “inverse” infrared photodetector (patent disclosure made to University of Nebraska). Finally, we also found signatures of Coulomb blockade and Coulomb staircase (at room temperature) in quantum dots and wires which holds out the promise that these structures may find applications in single-electron-transistors and other novel nanodevices.
P1‐073: How does gait change as cognitive decline progresses in the elderly? (2012)

Mobility impairments are often associated with dementia. Some gait changes may even appear before cognitive decline can be detected by neuropsychological assessment. Gait analysis may be able to aid diagnosis of cognitive impairment. However, it is not yet well characterized how gait changes as cognitive decline progresses. The 1153 older adults (mean age 78.05 ± 5.92 years, age range 65.02–97.43 years, 54.81% females) in this retrospective study were outpatients from our Memory Clinic or participants in the Project BASEL (Basel Study on the Elderly) between 2007 and 2011. Participants had healthy cognition (HC, n = 357), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 309) or mild (n = 219), moderate (n = 230) or severe (n = 38) Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Spatio-temporal gait parameters were quantified with the GAITRite® electronic walkway at the Basel MobilityCenter. Gait was tested during normal walking (self-selected speed) as a single task and during a working memory and a semantic memory dual task. Cognitive diagnoses were based on neuropsychological test battery results. Gait speed slowed as cognitive impairment progressed. Compared to single task normal walking, gait speed reduction was greater for the semantic memory than for the working memory dual task in those with HC, MCI and mild AD. Gait cycle time variability, a marker of gait regularity, stayed relatively stable during the normal walking single task for those with HC, MCI and mild AD, and yet increased during dual-tasking with the variability highest during the semantic memory dual task. This change was greater in those with MCI and mild AD than in those with HC. Age-stratified results showed that these changes in velocity and variability were not simply age-related.
Joint Facial and Invasive Neck Trauma (J‐FAINT) Study (2012)

Objective 1) Describe the rate and type(s) of head and neck trauma in Iraq and Afghanistan theaters during 2003‐2011 using military trauma database. 2) Determine directions for future research in personal protective and tactical gear to help prevent injury and death from facial and neck trauma in war and civilian uses. Method Study of US servicemembers in Iraq and Afghanistan from 2003‐2011. Data were collected December 2011. Examples of data include type and severity of head and neck trauma, associated injuries, age, sex, theater of injury, injury severity score, and abbreviated injury scale. Data were collected using the Joint Theater Trauma System (JTTS). Results Data analysis is ongoing. The analysis demonstrates 7,177 service members who sustained head and neck trauma during the study period in Iraq and Afghanistan, combined. Of those patients sustaining head and neck trauma, 270 (3.8%) were killed in action or died of wounds. About one‐third sustained head and/or neck trauma alone, but most had associated torso and/or extremity injuries, which increased the injury severity score. The majority of injuries occurred in Iraq. Most of the injured were in the US Army (75%), followed by the Marine Corps (20%), Air Force (3%), and Navy (2%). Most injuries were minor‐moderate (AIS 1‐3). Conclusion Head and neck trauma is common in wartime, and the most recent conflicts confirm this. Many patients sustained injuries in Iraq, the majority were in the Army, and the majority were minor injuries. Most patients (96.2%) who sustained head and neck trauma survived their injuries, even when associated with extremity and torso injuries.
CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF PHYTOPHAGOUS SCARAB BEETLES (1998)

Sex pheromones have been characterized only for species in the subfamilies Rutelinae and Melolonthinae; aggregation pheromones have been identified for two species in the Dynastinae. Melolonthines utilize mainly amino acid derivatives and terpenoid compounds, but sex pheromones of rutelines are fatty acid derivatives. Various other species utilize japonilure-type lactones that are produced by desaturation of fatty acids, followed by hydroxylation, chain shortening, and cyclization. In marked contrast to melolonthine sex pheromone glands that are everted from the abdominal tip, ruteline sex pheromone glands consist of epithelial cells that line the inner surfaces of the pygidium and two apical sternites. Some species that are geographically and/or seasonally isolated utilize the same sex pheromone system, but chirality plays an important role in the isolation of the communication channels of two ruteline species, where one enantiomer is utilized as sex pheromone and the other is a behavioral antagonist. Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are specifically tuned to these enantiomeric pheromones. It is unlikely that the specificity of these ORNs is achieved only by odorant-binding proteins. Pheromone-degrading enzymes are present in scarab beetle antennae and show considerable substrate specificity.
The Incidence, Risk, and Consequences of Atrial Arrhythmias in Patients with Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices (2014)

Approximately one-fifth of LVAD patients have AAs, most commonly within the first 60 days of support. Preoperative creatinine is a strong risk factor for early and late AAs. Although AAs do not impact survival, they are associated with decreased functional status and QoL improvements during LVAD support.
A truncated H‐NS‐like protein from enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> acts as an H‐NS antagonist (2004)

The H-NS nucleoid-associated protein of Escherichia coli is the founder member of a widespread family of gene regulatory proteins which have a bipartite structure, consisting of an N-terminal coiled-coil oligomerization domain and a C-terminal DNA-binding domain. Here we characterize a family of naturally occurring truncated H-NS derivatives lacking the DNA-binding domain, which we term the H-NST family. H-NST proteins are found in large genomic islands in pathogenic E. coli strains, which are absent from the corresponding positions in the E. coli K-12 genome. Detailed analysis of the H-NST proteins from enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) shows that the EPEC protein (H-NST(EPEC)) has a potent anti-H-NS function at the classical H-NS-repressed operon proU. This correlates with the ability of H-NST(EPEC) to co-purify with H-NS in vitro, and can be abolished by a mutation of leucine 30 to proline which is predicted to prevent the N-terminal region from forming a coiled-coil structure. In contrast, despite being 90% identical to H-NST(EPEC) at the protein level, the UPEC homologue (H-NST(UPEC)) has only a weak anti-H-NS activity, correlating with a much-reduced ability to interact with H-NS during column chromatography. A single amino acid difference at residue 16 appears to account for these different properties. The hnsT(EPEC) gene is transcribed monocistronically and expressed throughout the exponential growth phase in DMEM medium. Our data suggest that a truncated derivative of H-NS encoded by an ancestral mobile DNA element can interact with the endogenous H-NS regulatory network of a bacterial pathogen.
Design and implementation of fuzzy logic based autonomous car for navigation in unknown environments (2013)

The paper describes the design and implementation of an intelligent autonomous vehicle that can navigate without human operator in unknown environments. Equipped with ultrasonic sensors, GPS receiver and camera, the vehicle can reach the destination by avoiding the obstacles in its way and followings the lanes on roads. Ultrasonic sensor and GPS receiver are interfaced to AT89C52 microcontroller which implements hurdle avoidance and goal reaching behavior at low level while camera is interfaced to PC for road following task at higher level. The designed vehicle has modular structure and more modules can be added without much complexity.
Extrasynaptic α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Expression in Developing Neurons Is Regulated by Inputs, Targets, and Activity (2002)

Alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely expressed in the vertebrate nervous system. alpha7-nAChR functions include postsynaptic transmission, modulating neurotransmitter release, reinforcing nicotine addiction, and a role in neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. In chick parasympathetic ciliary ganglion (CG) neurons, alpha7-nAChRs are excluded from the synapse and localize perisynaptically. Despite their extrasynaptic distribution, the highly Ca2+-permeable alpha7-nAChRs have important synapse-related Ca2+-dependent signaling functions in the CG. We show here that the synaptic partners regulate alpha7-nAChR expression during synapse formation in embryonic CG neurons in situ. The absence of inputs and target tissues cause reductions in alpha7-nAChR mRNA and protein levels that primarily resemble those seen for synaptic alpha3-nAChRs. However, there is a difference in their regulation. alpha7-nAChR levels are downregulated by reduced activity, whereas alpha3-nAChR levels are not. We propose that the activity-dependent regulation of extrasynaptic alpha7-nAChR levels may be an important mechanism for postsynaptic CG neurons to detect changes in presynaptic activity levels and respond with Ca2+-dependent plasticity changes in gene expression.
Functional and comparative metagenomic analysis of bile salt hydrolase activity in the human gut microbiome (2008)

Bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) catalyze the "gateway" reaction in a wider pathway of bile acid modification by the gut microbiota. Because bile acids function as signaling molecules regulating their own biosynthesis, lipid absorption, cholesterol homeostasis, and local mucosal defenses in the intestine, microbial BSH activity has the potential to greatly influence host physiology. However, the function, distribution, and abundance of BSH enzymes in the gut community are unknown. Here, we show that BSH activity is a conserved microbial adaptation to the human gut environment with a high level of redundancy in this ecosystem. Through metagenomic analyses we identified functional BSH in all major bacterial divisions and archaeal species in the gut and demonstrate that BSH is enriched in the human gut microbiome. Phylogenetic analysis illustrates that selective pressure in the form of conjugated bile acid has driven the evolution of members of the Ntn_CGH-like family of proteins toward BSH activity in gut-associated species. Furthermore, we demonstrate that BSH mediates bile tolerance in vitro and enhances survival in the murine gut in vivo. Overall, we demonstrate the use of function-driven metagenomics to identify functional anchors in complex microbial communities, and dissect the gut microbiome according to activities relevant to survival in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract.
Using statistically designed experiments to improve reliability and to achieve robust reliability (1995)

This tutorial explains statistically designed experiments which provide a proactive means to improve reliability as advocated by Genichi Taguchi. That is, by systematic experimentation, the important parameters (factors) affecting reliability can be identified along with parameter values that yield reliability gains. In addition to improving reliability, Taguchi's robust design can be used to achieve robust reliability; that is, to make a process or product reliability insensitive to factors which are hard or impossible to control. Robust design is also implemented using statistically designed experiments. This paper presents classes of experimental plans for reliability improvement and robust reliability. An important feature of the reliability data collected from such experiments is censoring which occurs when some of the experimental units have not failed by the end of the experiment. Consequently, the analysis methodology must account for these censored data which are likely to occur in light of the ever increasing reliability of today's products. Several appropriate methods are discussed briefly. These experimental plans and analysis methods are illustrated using three documented experiments which improved fluorescent lamp and industrial thermostat reliability and which achieved robust reliability for night-vision goggles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Use of an α-Cyclodextrin Mobile Phase in the Thin-Layer Chromatographic Separation of Ortho, Meta, and Para Substituted Phenols (1981)

Abstract An aqueous solution of α-cyclodextrin (cyclohexaamylose) is demonstrated to be a very effective mobile phase in thin-layer chromatographic separations. The chromatographic behaviors of twenty-six substituted phenolic and naphtholic compounds using polyamide thin-layer stationary sheets are described. The Rf values were found to be dependent upon both the structural features of the phenolic compounds and the concentration of α-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase. A possible mechanism that accounts for the observed chromatographic behavior is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the aqueous α-cyclodextrin mobile phase over the traditional pure or mixed organic solvent systems typically employed are discussed.
The use of a negative index planoconcave lens array for wide-viewing angle integral imaging (2008)

Wide-viewing angle integral imaging by means of a negative refractive index planoconcave lens array is theoretically investigated. The optical properties of a negative refractive index lens are analyzed from the point of view of integral imaging. The effective focal length of a positive index planoconvex lens and a negative index planoconcave lens with the same surface spherical curvature R are approximated as fP,eff = 2R and fN,eff = 0.4 R, respectively. This short effective focal length of the negative index lens is advantageous for extending the viewing angle of the integral imaging. In addition, some other optical properties of a negative index lens are analyzed and compared for a positive index lens. Three-dimensional ray-tracing observation simulations of integral imaging systems with a negative index lens array and a positive index lens array are then performed, in a comparative study of the wide- ewing angle mode for integral imaging. A three-dimensional ray-tracing simulator for an integral imaging system is then developed. Some interesting issues that appear in the wide-viewing mode of integral imaging are discussed. The negative refractive index planoconcave lens was found to give a wider viewing angle of -60(deg.) approximately +60(deg.) and reduces aberration with only a single spherical planoconcave lens.
Athaliah, a treacherous queen : a careful analysis of her story in 2 Kings 11 and 2 Chronicles 22:10-23:21 : research article (2004)

Athaliah, a treacherous queen : a careful analysis of her story in 2 Kings 11 and 2 Chronicles 22:10-23:21
This article presents a critical look at the story of the reign of Athaliah, the only ruling queen of Israel or Judah in the biblical text. Double reference in 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles shows her story's importance and significance to the biblical writers. The largely parallel accounts read like a contemporary soap opera, for they contain murder, intrigue, harem politics, religious upheaval, and coup and counter-coup. Her story provides insights on the turbulent political climate of the ninth century BC. However, the purpose of the biblical writers is not to show Athaliah as the epitome of evil or that all women in power are evil.
In hierdie artikel word die verhaal van Atalia krities nagegaan. Atalia was naamlik die enigste koninging van Israel of Juda wie se regeringstyd in die Bybelteks verhaal word. Die dubbele verwysings na hierdie tyd in 2 Konings en 2 Kronieke dui op die belangrikheid en betekenis van haar verhaal vir die Bybelskrywers. Die twee weergawes wat grotendeels parallelle weergawes is, lees byna soos 'n hedendaagse sepie, want hierdie verhale sluit elemente in soos moord, intrige, harempolitiek, godsdiensopstand, staatsgreep en kontrastaatsgreep. Atalia se verhaal gee insig in die onstuimige politieke klimaat van die negende eeu voor Christus. Die doel van die Bybelskrywers was egter nie om Atalia te teken as die beliggaming van die bose nie, of om te impliseer dat alle vroue wat mag het, boos is nie.