gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal information during unsupervised learning enhances viewpoint invariant object recognition (2015)

Recognizing objects is difficult because it requires both linking views of an object that can be different and distinguishing objects with similar appearance. Interestingly, people can learn to recognize objects across views in an unsupervised way, without feedback, just from the natural viewing statistics. However, there is intense debate regarding what information during unsupervised learning is used to link among object views. Specifically, researchers argue whether temporal proximity, motion, or spatiotemporal continuity among object views during unsupervised learning is beneficial. Here, we untangled the role of each of these factors in unsupervised learning of novel three-dimensional (3-D) objects. We found that after unsupervised training with 24 object views spanning a 180° view space, participants showed significant improvement in their ability to recognize 3-D objects across rotation. Surprisingly, there was no advantage to unsupervised learning with spatiotemporal continuity or motion information than training with temporal proximity. However, we discovered that when participants were trained with just a third of the views spanning the same view space, unsupervised learning via spatiotemporal continuity yielded significantly better recognition performance on novel views than learning via temporal proximity. These results suggest that while it is possible to obtain view-invariant recognition just from observing many views of an object presented in temporal proximity, spatiotemporal information enhances performance by producing representations with broader view tuning than learning via temporal association. Our findings have important implications for theories of object recognition and for the development of computational algorithms that learn from examples.
The future of cytokine combination therapy (1991)

The hematopoietic growth factors including colony-stimulating factors (CSF) and interleukins (IL) have overlapping and pleiotropic effects on proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells and stem cells. The regulatory signals can influence terminal differentiation and the cell cycle status, self-renewal, and differentiation of early pluripotential stem cells. Synergistic interactions between CSF and IL have been shown, both in vitro and in vivo, to be critical in hematopoietic regulation. The future of clinical trials of cytokines in congenital and acquired myelosuppressed states lies in the selective use of appropriate combinations of these regulatory macromolecules.
Development of Laser Range Finder Using 1550 nm Wavelength (2006)

Type 1 diabetes likely is mediated by T-helper (Th) 1 lymphocytes, while Graves' disease may involve Th2 predominance. We investigated the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells and between Th1- and Th2-associated chemokine receptor expression on peripheral lymphocytes in subjects including patients with coexisting type 1 diabetes and Graves' disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all subjects were examined by flow cytometry for intracellular cytokines (IFN-gamma for Th1; IL-4 for Th2) and expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR3 (Th1-associated) and CCR4 (Th2-associated). Plasma concentrations of interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10, a CXCR3 ligand, and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), a CCR4 ligand, were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. IFN-gamma producing-T lymphocytes were significantly fewer in patients with coexisting type 1 diabetes and Graves' disease (12.4 +/- 6.8%, n = 6) than in healthy control subjects (19.9 +/- 4.1%, n = 6; P < 0.01) or patients with type 2 diabetes (19.1 +/- 4.5%, n = 5; P < 0.05). We found no significant difference in IFN-gamma-producing T lymphocytes between healthy controls and patients with only type 1 diabetes (n = 8) or Graves' disease (n = 5). Plasma IP-10 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with coexisting type 1 diabetes and Graves' disease than in control subjects (106.3 +/- 30.48 vs. 66.7 +/- 25.3 pg/ml, P = 0.0343). Considering only patients with type 1 diabetes alone, duration of diabetes correlated positively with IFN-gamma-producing T lymphocytes (r = 0.773, P = 0.0242) and the ratio of CXCR3 to CCR4 receptor expression (r = 0.947, P = 0.0004). In conclusion, Th1-associated T lymphocytes were fewer in peripheral blood from patients having both type 1 diabetes and Graves' disease than in those with either disease alone. Numbers of peripheral Th1 lymphocytes increased with increasing time from onset of type 1 diabetes in patients with type 1 diabetes alone.
TEMPER—A Gas-Path Analysis Tool for Commercial Jet Engines (1994)

Almost from the inception of the gas turbine engine, airlines and engine manufacturers have sought an effective technique to determine the health of the gas-path components (fan, compressors, combustor, turbines) based on available gas-path measurements. The potential of such tools to save money by anticipating the need for overhaul and providing help in work scope definition is substantial, provided they produce reliable results. This paper describes a modern gas-path analysis tool (GE’s TEMPER program), discusses the benefits and problems experienced by current TEMPER users, and suggests promising research areas that may lead to an improved algorithm.
Mean quantization blind watermarking for image authentication (2002)

The objective of this paper is to propose an image authentication scheme, which is able to detect malicious tampering of images even they have also been incidentally distorted. By modeling incidental and malicious distortions as Gaussian distributions with small and large variances, respectively, we propose to embed a watermark in the wavelet domain by a mean quantization technique. Due to the various probabilities of tamper response at each scale, these responses are integrated to make a decision on the tampered areas. Statistical analysis is conducted and experimental results are given to demonstrate that our watermarking scheme is able to detect malicious attacks while tolerating incidental distortions.
Polymer membrane electrode based potentiometric ammonia gas sensor (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymer membrane electrode based potentiometric ammonia gas sensorMark E. MeyerhoffCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 9, 1532–1534Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50059a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50059a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views702Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phase I study of margetuximab (MGAH22), an FC-modified chimeric monoclonal antibody (MAb), in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors expressing the HER2 oncoprotein. (2013)

3004 Background: The anti-HER2 MAb, trastuzumab (H), has proven effective for HER2+ breast cancer (BC) and gastroesophageal cancer (GEC). H’s mechanism of action is incompletely understood, but evidence indicates ADCC is important. MGAH22 is an Fc-modified chimeric MAb which preserves the antigen binding properties of H, and exhibits enhanced binding to the activating low affinity Fcg receptor, CD16A, and diminished binding to the inhibitory low affinity Fcg receptor, CD32B. Preclinical data indicate MGAH22 is more potent than H. Methods: 34 pts with HER2 positive (2+ or 3+ by IHC) tumors have been treated: 19 in 5 dose-escalation cohorts (0.1 - 6.0 mg/kg qw x 4); 15 in 6.0 mg/kg expansion. Tumor types include: BC (10), GEC (13), colon (5), lung (2), salivary (1), ampulla of Vater (1), endometrium (1), bladder (1). Results: MGAH22 was well tolerated. Most common adverse events (AEs) were Grade 1-2 constitutional symptoms and infusion-related reactions. Related AEs ≥ Grade 3 were limited to a single infusion reaction, 2 episodes of brief lymphopenia confounded by steroids, and transient worsening anemia. No cardiac toxicities were observed. Dose escalation was halted at 6 mg/kg, well above the preclinically predicted minimally effective dose (0.1 mg/kg). Antitumor activity has been observed at all dose levels, including partial responses (PRs) and long times to progression (≥ 5 mo). Two PRs lasting 3.5 and 5.5 mo were observed among the 10 BC pts (both had failed prior H and lapatinib). 4/13 GEC pts experienced stable disease lasting a median of 3.6 mo (range 1.5–5.3), all but one previously failing anti-HER2 treatment. Conclusions: Margetuximab is well tolerated with promising activity in pts with BC and GEC who have failed prior HER-2 therapies and in pts with HER2+ tumors for which H is considered ineffective. A phase II trial in relapsed or refractory HER2 2+, nonamplified BC is underway. Clinical trial information: NCT01195935. [Table: see text]
Temperature-dependent electroluminescence of AlGaN-based UV LEDs (2006)

The electrical and optical characteristics of AlGaN-based ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (265-365 nm) at elevated temperatures (25/spl deg/C-175/spl deg/C) were investigated, and compared to those of InGaN-based visible LEDs (400-465 nm). Strong carrier localization and localized-state emission were retained in the InGaN LEDs up to 175/spl deg/C, leading to temperature-independent emission intensity at low-energy tails. The deep-UV LEDs, however, showed dominant band-edge emission, much smaller alloy broadening, and weaker localization effects. The optical power of the UV LEDs decreased much more rapidly with increasing temperature. The characteristic temperature was in the range of 31-73 K, and decreased with increasing Al content in the active region. These findings implicate the lack of localization effects in AlGaN alloys as one of the causal factors in the poor thermal performance of the UV LEDs and suggest that increasing carrier-confining potentials will provide a critical means to improve their radiative efficiencies.
Utility Incentives for Implementing Crossed-Progeny Fueling (1970)

The power costs of three hypothetical reactor sites are analyzed to compare the site costs of conventionally fueled fast and thermal reactors with thorium-blanketed breeders and 233U fueled light-water reactors (LWR’s). Since the most critical parameter is time, three case variations are considered. The site start-up is considered coincident with the commercial introduction of the fast reactor; and alternatively, where site start-up occurs jive and ten years after the commercial introduction of the breeder. The cost comparisons also consider the effect of U3O8 price increases. The value of 233U produced by thorium-blanketed breeders exceeds that of the Pu produced by 238U blanketed breeders. Since the power costs of the LWR's are lower than the breeders until the price of U3O8 increases, early development of the breeders may be contingent upon implementation of the crossed-progeny fueling.
Electronic properties of two-dimensional systems (1982)

The electronic properties of inversion and accumulation layers at semiconductor-insulator interfaces and of other systems that exhibit two-dimensional or quasi-two-dimensional behavior, such as electrons in semiconductor heterojunctions and superlattices and on liquid helium, are reviewed. Energy levels, transport properties, and optical properties are considered in some detail, especially for electrons at the (100) silicon-silicon dioxide interface. Other systems are discussed more briefly.
Enriching Variety of Layer-Wise Learning Information by Gradient Combination (2019)

This study proposes to use the combination of gradient concept to enhance the learning capability of Deep Convolutional Networks (DCN), and four Partial Residual Networks-based (PRN-based) architectures are developed to verify above concept. The purpose of designing PRN is to provide as rich information as possible for each single layer. During the training phase, we propose to propagate gradient combinations rather than feature combinations. PRN can be easily applied in many existing network architectures, such as ResNet, feature pyramid network, etc., and can effectively improve their performance. Nowadays, more advanced DCNs are designed with the hierarchical semantic information of multiple layers, so the model will continue to deepen and expand. Due to the neat design of PRN, it can benefit all models, especially for lightweight models. In the MSCOCO object detection experiments, YOLO-v3-PRN maintains the same accuracy as YOLO-v3 with a 55% reduction of parameters and 35% reduction of computation, while increasing the speed of execution by twice. For lightweight models, YOLO-v3-tiny-PRN maintains the same accuracy under the condition of 37% less parameters and 38% less computation than YOLO-v3-tiny and increases the frame rate by up to 12 fps on the NVIDIA Jetson TX2 platform. The Pelee-PRN is 6.7% mAP@0.5 higher than Pelee, which achieves the state-of-the-art lightweight object detection. The proposed lightweight object detection model has been integrated with technologies such as multi-object tracking and license plate recognition, and it used in a commercial intelligent traffic flow analysis system as its edge computing equipment. There are already three countries and more than ten cities have deployed this technique into their traffic flow analysis systems.
Gain Optimization by Modulator-Bias Control in Radio-Over-Fiber Links (2006)

The authors propose a method to optimize the RF gain in narrowband radio-over-fiber links employing a Mach-Zehnder modulator followed by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) for amplification. Optimization is achieved by control of the modulator bias in order to improve the signal optical-modulation depth (OMD). Thus, for a given modulation amplitude, the optical signal has a reduced mean optical power and can access the small signal gain of the EDFA. This unsaturated gain is higher than the saturated one, thereby significantly increasing the RF gain of the link. Simultaneous optimization of OMD is also desirable to reduce detector saturation and fiber-induced nonlinear effects. They derive an analytical expression to describe optimum operating conditions for the modulator bias and validate their results through numerical simulation and experimental work. The proposed optimum modulator operating point is experimentally proven to be applicable to multicarrier signals like those used in 802.11a/g protocols
Massive Thymic Deletion Results in Systemic Autoimmunity through Elimination of CD4+ CD25+ T Regulatory Cells (2004)

Incomplete deletion of KRN T cells that recognize the ubiquitously expressed self-antigen glucose-6-phosphate-isomerase (GPI) initiates an anti-GPI autoimmune cascade in K/BxN mice resulting in a humorally mediated arthritis. Transgenic (Tg) expression of a KRN T cell receptor (TCR) agonist under the major histocompatibility complex class II promoter resulted in thymic deletion with loss of anti-GPI T and B cell responses and attenuated arthritis course. However, double Tg mice succumbed to systemic autoimmunity with multiorgan inflammation and autoantibody production. Extensive thymic deletion resulted in lymphopenia and elimination of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), but spared some CD4+ T cells expressing endogenous TCR, which oligoclonally expanded in the periphery. Disease was transferred by these T cells and prevented by cotransfer of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs. Moreover, we extended our findings to another TCR system (anti-hen egg lysozyme [HEL] TCR/HEL mice) where similarly extensive thymic deletion also resulted in disease. Thus, our studies demonstrated that central tolerance can paradoxically result in systemic autoimmunity through differential susceptibility of Tregs and autoreactive T cells to thymic deletion. Therefore, too little or too much negative selection to a self-antigen can result in systemic autoimmunity and disease.
Antibiotic resistance : implications for global health and novel intervention strategies : workshop summary (2010)

Years of using, misusing, and overusing antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant 'superbugs.' The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats held a public workshop April 6-7 to discuss the nature and sources of drug-resistant pathogens, the implications for global health, and the strategies to lessen the current and future impact of these superbugs.
A single nuclear transcript encoding mitochondrial RPS14 and SDHB of rice is processed by alternative splicing: Common use of the same mitochondrial targeting signal for different proteins (1999)

The rice mitochondrial genome has a sequence homologous to the gene for ribosomal protein S14 (rps14), but the coding sequence is interrupted by internal stop codons. A functional rps14 gene was isolated from the rice nuclear genome, suggesting a gene-transfer event from the mitochondrion to the nucleus. The nuclear rps14 gene encodes a long N-terminal extension showing significant similarity to a part of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) protein from human and a malarial parasite (Plasmodium falciparum). Isolation of a functional rice sdhB cDNA and subsequent sequence comparison to the nuclear rps14 indicate that the 5' portions of the two cDNAs are identical. The sdhB genomic sequence shows that the SDHB-coding region is divided into two exons. Surprisingly, the RPS14-coding region is located between the two exons. DNA gel blot analysis indicates that both sdhB and rps14 are present at a single locus in the rice nucleus. These findings strongly suggest that the two gene transcripts result from a single mRNA precursor by alternative splicing. Protein blot analysis shows that the size of the mature RPS14 is 16.5 kDa, suggesting removal of the N-terminal 22.6-kDa peptide region. Considering that the rice mitochondrial genome lacks the sdhB gene but contains the rps14-related sequence, transfer of the sdhB gene seems to have occurred before the transfer of the rps14 gene. The migration of the mitochondrial rps14 sequence into the already existing sdhB gene could bestow the capacity for nuclear expression and mitochondrial targeting.
Tumour‐derived exosomes: Tiny envelopes for big stories (2015)

The discovery of exosomes, which are small, 30-100 nm sized extracellular vesicles that are released by virtual all cells, has initiated a rapidly expanding and vibrant research field. Current investigations are mainly directed toward the role of exosomes in intercellular communication and their potential value as biomarkers for a broad set of diseases. By horizontal transfer of molecular information such as micro RNAs, messenger RNAs or proteins, as well as by receptor-cell interactions, exosomes are capable to mediate the reprogramming of surrounding cells. Herein, we review how especially cancer cells take advantage of this mechanism to influence their microenvironment in favour of immune escape, therapy resistance, tumour growth and metastasis. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive microarray analysis (n > 1970) to study the expression patterns of genes known to be intimately involved in exosome biogenesis across 26 different cancer entities and a normal tissue atlas. Consistent with the elevated production of exosomes observed in cancer patient plasma, we found a significant overexpression especially of RAB27A, CHMP4C and SYTL4 in the corresponding cancer entities as compared to matched normal tissues. Finally, we discuss the immune-modulatory and anti-tumorigenic functions of exosomes as well as innovative approaches to specifically target the exosomal circuits in experimental cancer therapy.
Transformation of Urban Vacant Lots for the Common Good: an Introduction to the Special Issue (2015)

This Editor's Introduction is brought to you for free and open access by the Biology at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and LoyolaLaw School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cities and the Environment (CATE) by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ LoyolaMarymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contactdigitalcommons@lmu.edu.
Heuristics for Dynamic Task Mapping in NoC-based Heterogeneous MPSoCs (2007)

Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) is a trend in VLSI design, since they minimize the "design crisis " (gap between silicon technology and actual SoC design capacity) and reduce the time to market. Important issues in MPSoC design are the communication infrastructure and task mapping. MPSoCs may employ NoCs to integrate multiple programmable processor cores, specialized memories, and other IPs in a scalable way. Applications running in MPSoCs execute a varying number of tasks simultaneously, and their number may exceed the available resources, requiring task mapping to be executed at runtime to meet real-time constraints. Most works in the literature present static MPSoC mapping solutions. Static mapping defines a fixed placement and scheduling, not appropriate for dynamic workloads. Task migration has also been proposed for use in MPSoCs, with the goal to relocate tasks when performance bottlenecks are identified. This work investigates the performance of mapping heuristics in NoC-based MPSoCs with dynamic workloads, targeting NoC congestion minimization, a key cost function to optimize the NoC performance. Here, tasks are mapped on the fly, according to communication requests and the load in the NoC links. Results show execution time and congestion reduction when congestion-aware mapping heuristics are employed.
Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure asthma control (1999)

International guidelines on asthma management indicate that the primary goal of treatment should be optimum asthma control. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). The authors generated a list of all symptoms used to assess control and sent it to 100 asthma clinicians who were members of guidelines committees (18 countries). They scored each symptom for its importance in evaluating asthma control. From the 91 responses, the five highest scoring symptoms were selected for the ACQ. In addition, there is one question on beta2-agonist use and another on airway calibre (total questions=7). The ACQ was tested in a 9-week observational study of 50 adults with symptomatic asthma. The ACQ and other measures of asthma health status were assessed at baseline, 1, 5 and 9 weeks. In patients whose asthma was stable between clinic visits, reliability of the ACQ was high (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.90). The questionnaire was very responsive to change in asthma control (p<0.0001). Cross-sectional and longitudinal validity were supported by correlations between the ACQ and other measures of asthma health status being close to a priori predictions. In conclusion, the Asthma Control Questionnaire has strong evaluative and discriminative properties and can be used with confidence to measure asthma control.