gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust localisation for mobile robots in indoor environments (2014)

In order to operate reliably in industrial environments, a mobile robot must know where it is. As part of a student project, a method has been developed for robust localisation in a partly ambiguous environment using a particle filter. This enables accurate estimations of the robot's position by merging odometry readings with measurements provided by a 240 degree laser rangefinder. The developed algorithm is able to solve the kidnapped robot problem in realtime with feasible computational effort. Even though the presented approach is customized for the given setup it can be easily adapted to perform in other environments.
Epidemiology of hepatitis B in the United States # (2009)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains an important cause of acute and chronic liver disease globally and in the United States. An encouraging trend is that the incidence of acute hepatitis B in the United States declined as much as 80% between 1987 and 2004, attributable to effective vaccination programs as well as universal precautions in needle use and in healthcare in general. Although encouraging, these decreases in acute infections have not translated into diminished prevalence or burden of chronic HBV infection. The prevalence for HBV in the United States has been estimated to be approximately 0.4%. However, these estimates have been based on surveys conducted in samples in which population groups with high prevalence of HBV infection, namely foreign-born minorities, were underrepresented. Voluntary screening data indicate prevalence in excess of 15% in some of these groups. Recent immigration trends suggest a substantial increase in the number of Americans with chronic HBV infection. This trend is reflected in the health and economic burden associated with HBV infection. The number of outpatient visits and hospitalizations for a HBV-related diagnosis increased several-fold during the 1990s. Similarly, the total charges for hospitalizations have been estimated to have increased from $357 million in 1990 to $1.5 billion in 2003. Most recent data indicate that death and liver transplant waitlist registration for HBV-related liver disease, which had been increasing, have now reached a plateau or started to decline. This encouraging trend might be attributable to recent advances in treatment for HBV infection; however, to the extent that the number of Americans living with chronic HBV is growing, careful clinical monitoring and continued epidemiologic surveillance remain important.
Ergot alkaloids: structure diversity, biosynthetic gene clusters and functional proof of biosynthetic genes (2010)

Ergot alkaloids are toxins and important pharmaceuticals which are produced biotechnologically on an industrial scale. They have been identiﬁed in two orders of fungi and three families of higher plants. The most important producers are fungi of the genera Claviceps, Penicillium and Aspergillus (all belonging to the Ascomycota). Chemically, ergot alkaloids are characterised by the presence of a tetracyclic ergoline ring, and can be divided into three classes according to their structural features, i.e. amide- or peptide-like amide derivatives of D-lysergic acid and the clavine alkaloids. Signiﬁcant progress has been achieved on the molecular biological and biochemical investigations of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis in the last decade. By gene cloning and genome mining, gene clusters for ergot alkaloid biosynthesis have been identiﬁed in at least 8 different ascomycete species. Functions of most structure genes have been assigned to reaction steps in the biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids by gene inactivation experiments or biochemical characterisation of the overproduced proteins.
Managing Costs (2004)

Abstract The effective management of a pension plan requires managing the costs of asset management. This means understanding and controlling investment costs such as the costs of trading, custody, and so forth. Transaction costs erode portfolio value. Thus, a trade must be motivated by an investment idea that adds more value than is destroyed or by a constraint such as liquidity that overrides the cost of the trade. Pension boards and senior management must understand the costs incurred in trading and how they may be controlled to ensure that more value is added than destroyed.
Mass spectral studies of 3,5-Diamino-1,2,4-thiadiazoles (1977)

The mass spectra and fragmentation mechanisms of some 5-alkyl(or aryl)amino-3-amino-, 5-amino-3- arylamino-, 3,5-bis(arylamino)-, 4- aryl-3-arylamino-5-imino-4,5-dihydro-, and 3-alkyl(or aryl)amino-4- aryl-5-arylimino-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-thiadiazoles and those of a 3-amino- 4-aryl-5-imino-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-thiadiazole are discussed. The study, based on the behaviour of isomers under electron impact, attempts to evaluate the usefulness of mass spectra in structure determination of variously substituted 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-thiadiazoles.
PARTHENOCARPY IN THE CUCUMBER INDUCED BY SOME PLANT GROWTH-REGULATING CHEMICALS (1972)

Nine growth-regulating chemicals were sprayed at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm on pickling cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L., cult Pioneer) in an effort to induce parthenocarpic fruit development. A morphactin formulation, IT 3456 (methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-(9)-carboxylate), and TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) were the most effective in stimulating parthenocarpic fruit-set and development at both concentrations used. Between six and seven fruits per plant were induced parthenocarpically when 100 ppm IT 3456 morphactin was used. Two other morphactins tested, IT 3233 (n-butyl-9-hydroxyfluorene-(9)-carboxylate) and Bay 102614 (2,7-dichloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-carboxylate-(9)-methyl ester), produced no more fruits than the control. A new growth regulator, CCDP (3-carboxy-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,6-dimethyl-2-pridone), significantly increased the number of fruits per plant at the 100-ppm concentration, and also increased the number of female flowers per plant produced within 50 days of planting, at both concentrations. The other four compounds tested, designated EL 531 (α-cycloprophyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine methanol), BAS 0660-W (N-dimethyl-morpholiniumchloride), TD 692 (mono-("coco" dimethylamine) succinate), and Chemagro 8728 (5-chloro-2-thenyl-tributylphosphonium), were not effective inducers of parthenocarpy in the cucumber.
Hydrolysis of COS and CS{sub 2} over alumina catalysts at lower temperature (1997)

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS{sub 2}) widely exist in chemical processing gases from natural gas, coal, Claus tail gas, and petroleum. Those sulfur compound are a major factor of deactivation of synthesis catalysts. Since it is difficult to remove COS and CS{sub 2} completely by the conventional desulfurization, a hydrolysis process has been developed in recent years. The activity of COS and CS{sub 2} hydrolysis was measured in a fixed bed reactor and the surface basicity was studied by CO{sub 2}-TPD. The results showed that the apparent reaction activation energies of COS over three catalysts are 57.80, 52.50 and 44.71 kJ/mol at lower temperature, and those of CS{sub 2}, 55.53, 38.70 and 35.30 kJ/mol, respectively. The apparent activation energies of desorption for weak type basic center over three catalysts were 25.97, 27.92 and 29.77kJ/mol respectively. The surface basicity on catalysts played an important role in the hydrolysis of COS and CS{sub 2}.The weak basic center was the catalytic active center of COS hydrolysis, while the weak and the weaker basic centers took part in catalytic reaction of CS{sub 2} hydrolysis. The K{sub 2}O and Pt loaded on active {gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} could greatly change the distribution of surfacemore » basicity over catalysts and increase organic sulfide catalytic hydrolysis.« less
Copper-Catalyzed Carboxamide-Directed <i>Ortho</i> Amination of Anilines with Alkylamines at Room Temperature (2014)

In this report, a highly efficient method for the room temperature installation of alkyl amino motifs onto the ortho position of anilines via Cu-catalyzed carboxamide-directed amination with alkylamines is described. This method offers a practical solution for the rapid synthesis of complex arylamines from simple starting materials and enables new planning strategies for the construction of arylamine-containing pharmacophores. A single electron transfer (SET)-mediated mechanism is proposed.
Development of A Rapid Method for the Diagnosis of Citrus Greening Disease using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (1999)

The fastidious bacterium causing citrus greening disease occurs in uneven and low concentrations in the sieve tubes of host plants. A rapid and sensitive assay based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed using the primers derived from the sequences of the cloned DNA fragment of greening fastidious bacterium (GFB) to detect GFB infection in citrus. One set of the primer pairs (named 226‐primer pair), which generates a 226 bp GFB‐specific fragment from total DNA templates purified from diseased citrus plants, was tested and chosen for PCR amplification. The PCR‐based assay using this 226‐primer pair effectively detected GFB infection in various citrus cultivars collected from different Asian countries. This detection technique, which can be completed within 6 h, offers a rapid and efficient method for accurate diagnosis of citrus greening disease.
A Low-Power Digitally-Programmable Accurate Decibel-Linear CMOS VGA for UWB Systems (2008)

A new current-mode circuit for realizing CMOS digitally controlled decibel-linear variable gain amplifier (VGA) is proposed for ultra-wideband systems. The core block of this VGA is a series of programmable current-amplifier cells which are connected by a switch array. Some cells can be cut off under certain gain modes to save the power. Designed in 0.18..m CMOS technology, the VGA provides a 45d B gain range (from 7 dB to 52 dB) with 3 dB per step and a gain error of less than 0.1 dB, and its minimal bandwidth is 285 MHz with a load capacitor of 0.5 pF. The VGA consumes only 6.6-mW on average (from 4.85-8.35 mW), and the range of IIP3 is from -11 dBm to -40 dBm.
Food therapy and medical diet therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2018)

Food therapy of traditional Chinese medicine aims to maintain balanced nutrition through diet. Medical diet therapy, however, is to achieve the balance of Yin and Yang through the combination of nutrition and medicine. Either “food therapy” or “medical diet therapy” aims to keep health, prevent disease, remove illness and slow aging. In recent years, both food therapy and medical diet therapy have been increasingly applied in clinical nutrition therapy. In terms of traditional Chinese food therapy and medical diet therapy, their clinical applications principles are summarized in this article.
A robust composite metric for head pose tracking using an accurate face model (2011)

We present a method for full-motion recovery of the head pose from a monocular video input based on an accurate head model and textures. We build our face model using a distribution of high resolution 3D face scans. The cost of computations makes us select parts of this full model. To address the difficult task of initializing the model position and tracking its motion, we use a composite metric using face texture samples from three different face databases, following a positive face detection. The algorithm is subsequently able to track the head in a wide pose range with great accuracy. We also provide test video sequences with an independent accurate ground truth (with estimated RMS error of 0.1 degrees).
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Crystal-Induced Membranolysis (2003)

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals occur frequently in noninflammatory osteoarthritic joints; however, they can be phlogistic and membranolytic, causing acute pseudogout attack. So far, the molecular mechanism of crystal-induced membranolysis is still unclear. In this study, using the method of Chemistry at Harvard Macromolecular Mechanics (CHARMM) molecular dynamics, we show that the interactions between the surface of CPPD crystal and the extracellular layer of the hydrated dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) phospholipid bilayer may lead to decoupling of the external layer from the intracellular side of the membrane. As a result, a local thinning of the layer on the intracellular side of the membrane occurs, which favors water penetration, leading to membranolysis.
Active Stabilization of Crystal Oscillator FM Noise at UHF Using a Dielectric Resonator (Short Papers) (1985)

A low-noise 600-MHz crystal oscillator circuit is described. It uses a dielectric oscillator as the dispersive element of a discriminator in an active frequency stabilization loop which reduces the near-carrier FM noise. The innovation in the circuit is an essentially noiseless active carrier suppression loop, which allows maximum utilization of a low-noise RF amplifier to reduce the discriminator threshold (Delta f/sub rms/) to 2.5x10-5 Hz in a 1-Hz bandwidth. The FM noise 1 kHz from the carrier was reduced by 44 dB to this threshold, equivalent to a phase-noise spectral density of -152 dBc/Hz.
A Nonlinear Tracker Using Attitude Measurements (1986)

The subject of this paper involves tracking the present position of a maneuvering aircraft as well as predicting its future position. A tracking filter is developed that uses aircraft attitude angles (yaw, pitch, roll) in addition to the usual radar measurements. Computer simulation of tracker performance when tracking violently maneuvering aircraft indicates that a dramatic improvement is obtained by using attitude information. The approach taken is to develop a 12-or 15-state extended Kalman filter that models both translational and rotational degrees of freedom. By measuring and estimating attitude it is possible to approximately determine the magnitude and direction of the force system acting on the vehicle and therefore determine vehicle linear acceleration. Knowledge of acceleration is then used to improve the estimate of present and future position of the vehicle being tracked. Simulation of a T-38 aircraft performing a 5 g turn indicates that the new tracker produces maximum trajectory prediction errors that are 36 percent of the errors experienced by more conventional trackers.
Reducing Sequence Artifacts in Amplicon-Based Massively Parallel Sequencing of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded DNA by Enzymatic Depletion of Uracil-Containing Templates (2013)

UDG pretreatment greatly facilitates the accurate discrimination of mutations in FFPE samples by use of amplicon-based approaches. This is particularly important when working with samples with low tumor purity or for the assessment of mutational heterogeneity in tumors.
IgE Inhibition as a Therapy for Allergic Disease (1999)

Monoclonal antibodies are potentially useful therapeutic agents in a variety of immunologically mediated diseases, since they offer the theoretical advantage of selectively targeting the mediators of the immuno-pathogenesis. It has been well established that IgE antibody synthesized by the immune system plays a pivotal role in the cascade of biochemical events leading to the allergic reaction. The aim of these studies was to eliminate IgE with a monoclonal antibody as the approach for treatment of atopic disease. To this end, a murine monoclonal antibody (MAE11) directed against IgE was identified which had all of the properties necessary to interfere with IgE responses. To avoid the problems of antigenicity associated with chronic administration of murine antibodies MAE11 was humanized. The best of several humanized variants, version 25 (rhuMAb-E25), was selected for clinical trials in allergic asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. In a series of phase I safety studies, rhuMAb-E25, by single or multidose administrations, was shown to be very well tolerated. Phase II studies were then designed to determine whether elimination of serum IgE, as a result of rhuMAb-E25 administration, had a significant impact on allergic symptoms. Results of these clinical trials establish the involvement of IgE in the pathophysiology of rhinitis and asthma and suggest a novel treatment for allergic disease.
Stabilization of Reactive Organometallic Intermediates Inside a Self‐Assembled Nanoscale Host (2005)

Trapped in a cage: A supramolecular metal–ligand assembly is utilized to stabilize two reactive organometallic intermediates in aqueous solution. While these organometallic complexes decompose in organic solution within hours and in the presence of water within minutes, binding into the supramolecular cage renders them inert for several weeks. Despite their stabilization, the guest molecules are still able to react stoichiometrically with CO. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z501938_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
13. 기본연구보고서 2015-13 : 기후변화 적응정책 지원을 위한 -토지이용통합모델 개발(1) (2015)

기후변화를 비롯한 다양한 환경문제로 인해 토지이용 및 토지피복 변화(land-use and land-cover change) 연구는 전 세계적으로 그 수요가 증가하고 있다. 반면, 대한민국의 경우는 환경정책 수립의 근간이 되는 이런 연구가 필요한데도 관련 연구가 제약적이며, 그 중에서도 특히 토지이용과 토지피복 변화를 모의하는 통합모델 개발 연구는 다른 선진국에 비해 부진한 실정이다. 본 보고서는 계량경제학적 토지이용모델링(econometric land-use modeling)과 지리학적 지리정보시스템기반 토지피복 변화 모델링(geographic land-change modeling) 통합에 초점을 두고 있으며, 통합 과정을 통해 개발한 모델을 케일럼(Korea Environment Institute``s Integrated Land-Use Model, KEI-ILUM)이라 명명하였다. 모델 개발 과정에서 케일럼 모델링 결과의 정확도를 기존 지리학적 모델링 결과의 정확도와 비교해 본 결과, 케일럼의 결과가 더 정확함을 확인할 수 있었다. 토지이용통합모델인 케일럼은 사회·경제적 요인(socioeconomic factors)과 자연·물리적 인자(biophysical factors)를 동시에 고려할 수 있도록 설계했으므로 다양한 시나리오를 적용할 수 있는 구조를 지닌다. 본 보고서에서는 케일럼에 현 상태 유지 시나리오를 적용하여 2030년의 대한민국 국토 이용 현황을 전망하였고, 그 결과를 시·공간적으로 도출하였다. 모델 결과에 따르면, 경기권과 충청권을 제외한 나머지 지역은 2030년까지 개발이 감소하면서 대신 농지와 산림이 증가하는 시계열적 추세를 나타낸다. 수도권과 제주권의 농지 및 산림이 상대적으로 개발에 취약한 것으로 밝혀졌고, 강원권, 경기 북부와 경북권의 농지가 산림으로 복구될 가능성이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 서울을 제외한 경기 남북부의 산림은 반대로 농지로 개간될 가능성이 큰 것으로 분석되었다.
Activated murine macrophages secrete a metabolite of arginine with the bioactivity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and the chemical reactivity of nitric oxide. (1989)

L-arginine-dependent synthesis of nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) by macrophages correlates with and is required for their execution of nonspecific cytotoxicity toward some tumor cells and microbes. However, the bioactive L-arginine metabolites responsible for cytotoxicity are unknown. Mammalian endothelial cells have recently been shown to release nitric oxide (NO.); we therefore determined if this reactive metabolite was synthesized by activated murine macrophages. Macrophage-derived NO. was detected by two independent methods: a bioassay for NO.-mediated relaxation of preconstricted rings of rabbit aorta; and a spectroscopic measurement of the reaction of NO. with clostridial ferredoxin, an Fe-S protein. After activation with IFN-gamma and LPS, macrophages continuously secreted a substance that relaxed rabbit aortic rings denuded of endothelium. Production of the vasorelaxant was enhanced by 0.5 mM L-arginine and inhibited reversibly by NG-methylated L-arginine analogs that block macrophage NO2-/NO3- synthesis. The vasorelaxant was scavenged by ferrous myoglobin, was labile, and was neither NO2- nor a cyclooxygenase metabolite. Activated M phi also secreted a substance that bleached Fd, a reaction carried out by NO. and NO2, but not NO2-. Macrophage bleaching of Fd correlated directly with time, cell number, and concomitant NO2-/NO3- production, required L-arginine, and was independent of reactive oxygen intermediates. Thus, activated murine M phi release NO. and/or a closely related, highly reactive nitrogen oxide such as NO2, during their conversion of L-arginine to NO2-/NO3-. NO. and NO2 may mediate L-arginine-dependent pathologic effects of M phi, as well as physiologic effects not previously considered for this widely distributed cell type.
Quantization schemes for low bitrate Compressed Histogram of Gradients descriptors (2010)

We study different quantization schemes for the Compressed Histogram of Gradients (CHoG) image feature descriptor. We propose a scheme for compressing distributions called Type Coding, which offers lower complexity and higher compression efficiency compared to tree-based quantization schemes proposed in prior work. We construct optimal Entropy Constrained Vector Quantization (ECVQ) code-books and show that Type Coding comes close to achieving optimal performance. The proposed descriptors are 16× smaller than SIFT and perform on par. We implement the descriptor in a mobile image retrieval system and for a database of 1 million CD, DVD and book covers, we achieve 96% retrieval accuracy using only 4 kilobytes of data per query image.
A simple modification of a commercial atomic force microscopy liquid cell for <i>in situ</i> imaging in organic, reactive, or air sensitive environments (1999)

We describe modifications to a commercial atomic force microscopy (AFM) fluid cell to enable imaging in organic and reactive environments and show initial images obtained with this cell. The fluid cell is constructed of glass and Teflon only, both of which are inert in many organic and corrosive fluids. A flange with a viton “O” ring was fitted around the base of the AFM and an airtight Plexiglas cap was placed on top to cover the AFM. The cap was purged with Ar during scanning and fluid transfer. A commercial oxygen sensor was used to measure the oxygen partial pressure. A flow system was used to introduce the solutions into the cell, minimizing atmospheric contamination. The cell was used to image a Mg surface under aqueous and tetrahydrofuran liquids for hours without leaking.
Monoclonal antibodies that define canine homologues of human CD antigens: Summary of the First International Canine Leukocyte Antigen Workshop (CLAW) (1994)

A panel of 127 monoclonal antibodies against canine leukocyte antigens, including controls, was distributed to 29 laboratories that performed a variety of experiments to identify groups of antibodies against the canine equivalents of some of the human CD antigens. Cluster analysis was performed centrally, using the submitted antibody binding data from immunofluorescence, ELISA and immuno-histology experiments. Immunoprecipitation for molecular weight determination was also performed centrally with T-cell blasts and a B-cell line as the sources of antigen. Clusters of three or more antibodies were found that defined the canine equivalents of the CD5, CD4, CD8 and Thy-1 antigens, and these could be used to label T-cell subsets from the peripheral blood. Other groups of monoclonal antibodies recognized the canine homologues of the CD11/18 group of antigens, CD44 and the CD45/CD45R antigen family: these should be useful in isolating functional subsets of CD4+ helper T cells. There was a cluster of four antibodies that bound strongly to platelets (probably CD41 antigen), three antibodies that were specific to B cells (including CD21) and two antibodies against a granulocyte antigen (possibly CD15). A number of reagents were found against canine MHC-II and immunoglobulin, with some of the latter able to distinguish between Ig subclasses. Properties of each of the canine antigens defined by these monoclonal antibodies are discussed and compared with other species. The availability of such a panel of reagents should allow rapid improvements in the immunological diagnosis of canine disease, and there might now be a potential for testing novel therapeutic strategies in a clinical veterinary setting.