gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel MAC protocol exploiting concurrent transmissions for massive LoRa connectivity (2020)

Among variant low-power wide area networks (LPWAN), LoRa is one of the most promising and is extensively deployed worldwide because of its satisfactory performance and relatively low cost. In the foreseen future, various internet of things (IoT) applications are required to sustain connectivity for massive enddevices. Massive connectivity challenges the LoRaWAN network based on ALOHA medium access control (MAC) protocol due to severe collisions under high traffic loads. To solve this problem, we first dissect the principles and characteristics of LoRa physical layer. And it suggests that the capture effect among the signals with the same spreading factor (SF) and different SFs can be adequately leveraged to improve performance. Based on the capture effect, we develop a new receiver structure that enables the superposed LoRa signals with different odd/even SFs to be demodulated simultaneously. A suitable novel MAC protocol exploiting such concurrent transmissions is further presented. Simulations verify that, through utilizing the capture effect, the proposed protocol can partly tackle the collisions due to numerous access attempts, which results in enhancing the throughput compared to LoRaWAN. These results show that the proposed scheme is compliant with the requirement of IoT applications with massive connectivity.
Point‐of‐Care Identification of Bacteria Using Protein‐Encapsulated Gold Nanoclusters (2018)

The rapid, simple, and reliable identification of the most prevalent pathogens is essential for clinical diagnostics, biology, and food safety. Herein, four protein-encapsulated gold nanoclusters (protein-AuNCs) are designed and prepared as a sensor array for rapid identification of bacteria. The discrimination of six kinds of bacteria, including two kinds of drug-resistant bacteria, is successfully realized by the as-fabricated sensor array. The strategy presented here shows the advantages of easy synthesis and convenient to use. Furthermore, 100% classification accuracy is achieved by the sensor array consisting of two protein-AuNCs probes, demonstrating the design with sufficient diagnostic capacity. Taken together, the developed sensor array holds great promise for facile diagnosis of bacterial infection in resource-limited settings.
Cycle Optimization and High Performance Analysis of Gas Engine-Gas Turbine Combined Cycles (2005)

The reciprocating engine operates with a maximum pressure and temperature in its cylinders that is higher than that in conventional gas turbines. When a gas engine is integrated with a gas turbine instead of a turbocharger, it is an ETCS (Engine-Turbo Compound System). We have developed the concept of a compound system with ERGT (Engine Reheat Gas Turbine) and propose it as a system with potentially high thermal efficiency. A natural gas firing gas turbine combined cycle (CC) is selected as the standard system for a thermal power plant. A higher TIT (Turbine Inlet Temperature) of gas turbine usually enables higher power generation efficiency. Focusing on the effect of engine exhaust temperature, we found that the ETCS cycle with a ERGT has the potential to achieve higher thermal efficiency than that of a gas turbine combined cycle, with no change in TIT. An engine exhaust temperature of 1173K increases the system power generation efficiency from 46 to 50%LHV (TIT 1150°C) and 54 to 57%LHV (TIT 1350°C), respectively. The gas engine–gas turbine combined cycle has the potential to achieve a significant efficiency increase of +4.1%LHV (TIT 1150°C) and +2.8%LHV (TIT 1350°C), making it a promising system for future power plants. Efficiency is expected to be improved by +8.7% (TIT 1150°C) and +5.6% (TIT 1350°C), relatively.
Integration platform for home and building automation systems (2011)

In future buildings, all devices will be connected directly to the Internet, surrounding people with a Web of Things. That will bring the amazing possibility to control building facilities from any device with Internet access (PC, mobile phone, etc.). However, while it is already technically possible to connect devices directly to IP networks, most of home and building automation systems still use non-IP field level communication protocols. In this paper we describe an integration platform, which is an intermediate step between future IP based systems and available legacy equipment. The platform uses Web services technology for connecting devices to a stand-alone server. This approach makes the system flexible and independent from underlying platform and communication protocols. Conducted measurements with our oBIX based implementation show that our system model is efficient and can be deployed on cheap embedded devices with limited resources for computing.
US Food and Drug Administration Office of Women's Health: Promoting Therapeutic Optimization in Women (2020)

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The contents of this publication are those of the authors and do not represent the official views of, nor an endorsement by, the FDA, Department of Health and Human Services, or the US government.
Exposing photo manipulation with inconsistent shadows (2013)

We describe a geometric technique to detect physically inconsistent arrangements of shadows in an image. This technique combines multiple constraints from cast and attached shadows to constrain the projected location of a point light source. The consistency of the shadows is posed as a linear programming problem. A feasible solution indicates that the collection of shadows is physically plausible, while a failure to find a solution provides evidence of photo tampering.
Evidence for Molecular Differences in Prostate Cancer between African American and Caucasian Men (2014)

Significant molecular differences exist between prostate cancers in AAM and CaM. SPINK1 overexpression, an alteration associated with more aggressive prostate cancers, was more frequent in AAM, whereas ERG rearrangement and PTEN deletion were less frequent in this cohort. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether these molecular differences explain some of the disparity in incidence and mortality between these two ethnic groups.
Routes of Opioid Analgesic Therapy in the Management of Cancer Pain (2000)

Administering opioids to manage cancer pain requires knowledge of potency relative to morphine and bioavailability of the route chosen. Changes in the route, dosage, or opioid used should be accompanied with close patient follow-up.
Theoretical performance of InAs/ In<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>Sb superlattice-based midwave infrared lasers (1994)

We show that for appropriate layer widths the performance of ideal InAs/InxGa1−xSb superlattice-based midwave injection lasers can be limited by radiative rather than Auger recombination. The threshold carrier densities and lifetimes are calculated over the 77–300 K temperature range at 3.5 μm. Lifetimes are obtained from detailed calculations of band-to-band Auger and radiative recombination rates based on realistic nonparabolic band structures. This system is therefore a promising new laser candidate.
Picoplatin pharmacokinetics and chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer (2013)

Picoplatin failed to overcome resistance to platinum compounds in lung cancer to achieve significant improved survival of most patients. Even highest doses of the drug reaching 150 m/m² given intravenously every 3 weeks were not sufficient to achieve better response than existing chemotherapeutics and the oral bioavailability of a dose of 200 - 400 mg corresponded only to 80 mg/m² iv. Picoplatin therefore seem to be quite ineffective. Picoplatin is expected to overcome tumor resistance in cases which overexpress thiol-conjugating pathways; however, this was not proved in clinical trials. To conclude, this blocked platinum complex is not able to reverse cisplatin resistance to a significant extent in vivo and its mechanisms and kinetics and of DNA damage failed to produce significant clinical results compared to second-line standard therapy for lung cancer.
Confined Crystallization of Polyethylene Oxide in Nanolayer Assemblies (2009)

The design and fabrication of ultrathin polymer layers are of increasing importance because of the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Confined, two-dimensional crystallization of polymers presents challenges and opportunities due to the long-chain, covalently bonded nature of the macromolecule. Using an innovative layer-multiplying coextrusion process to obtain assemblies with thousands of polymer nanolayers, we discovered a morphology that emerges as confined polyethylene oxide (PEO) layers are made progressively thinner. When the thickness is confined to 20 nanometers, the PEO crystallizes as single, high-aspect-ratio lamellae that resemble single crystals. Unexpectedly, the crystallization habit imparts two orders of magnitude reduction in the gas permeability.
Cost and greenhouse gas emission tradeoffs of alternative uses of lignin for second generation ethanol (2013)

Second generation ethanol bioconversion technologies are under demonstration-scale development for the production of lignocellulosic fuels to meet the US federal Renewable Fuel Standards (RFS2). Bioconversion technology utilizes the fermentable sugars generated from the cellulosic fraction of the feedstock, and most commonly assumes that the lignin fraction may be used as a source of thermal and electrical energy. We examine the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and techno-economic cost tradeoffs for alternative uses of the lignin fraction of agricultural residues (corn stover, and wheat and barley straw) produced within a 2000 dry metric ton per day ethanol biorefinery in three locations in the United States. We compare three scenarios in which the lignin is (1) used as a land amendment to replace soil organic carbon (SOC); (2) separated, dried and sold as a coal substitute to produce electricity; and (3) used to produce electricity onsite at the biorefinery. Results from this analysis indicate that for life cycle GHG intensity, amending the lignin to land is lowest among the three ethanol production options (−25 to −2 g CO _2 e MJ ^−1 ), substituting coal with lignin is second lowest (4–32 g CO _2 e MJ ^−1 ), and onsite power generation is highest (36–41 g CO _2 e MJ ^−1 ). Moreover, the onsite power generation case may not meet RFS2 cellulosic fuel requirements given the uncertainty in electricity substitution. Options that use lignin for energy do so at the expense of SOC loss. The lignin–land amendment option has the lowest capital cost among the three options due to lower equipment costs for the biorefinery’s thermal energy needs and use of biogas generated onsite. The need to purchase electricity and uncertain market value of the lignin–land amendment could raise its cost compared to onsite power generation and electricity co-production. However, assuming a market value ($50–$100/dry Mg) for nutrient and soil carbon replacement in agricultural soils, and potentially economy of scale residue collection prices at higher collection volumes associated with low SOC loss, the lignin–land amendment option is economically and environmentally preferable, with the lowest GHG abatement costs relative to gasoline among the three lignin co-product options we consider.
Human cytotoxic T‐cell recognition of a synthetic peptide of myelin basic protein (1989)

Previous studies with a panel of myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific human T-cell clones suggested a clustering of epitopes in the middle and at the C terminus of the molecule. The current study demonstrates that 19 of 40 clones recognize a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 152 to 170 of the human MBP molecule and that 9 clones recognize a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 86 to 105. Myelin basic protein-specific cytotoxic activity was restricted to the clones that recognized peptide 152-170, and this peptide served as a preferential cytotoxic T-cell target when attached to an autologous B-cell line. The specificity of MBP-directed cytotoxic activity appears to be much more restricted than the specificity demonstrated for proliferative activity.
"Liberalism's Dangerous Supplements": Medieval Ghosts of International Law (1991)

A book review of From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of International Legal Argument by Martti Koskenniemi
Diagnosis of Ebola Virus Disease: Past, Present, and Future (2016)

Laboratory diagnosis of Ebola virus disease plays a critical role in outbreak response efforts; however, establishing safe and expeditious testing strategies for this high-biosafety-level pathogen in resource-poor environments remains extremely challenging. Since the discovery of Ebola virus in 1976 via traditional viral culture techniques and electron microscopy, diagnostic methodologies have trended toward faster, more accurate molecular assays. Importantly, technological advances have been paired with increasing efforts to support decentralized diagnostic testing capacity that can be deployed at or near the point of patient care. The unprecedented scope of the 2014-2015 West Africa Ebola epidemic spurred tremendous innovation in this arena, and a variety of new diagnostic platforms that have the potential both to immediately improve ongoing surveillance efforts in West Africa and to transform future outbreak responses have reached the field. In this review, we describe the evolution of Ebola virus disease diagnostic testing and efforts to deploy field diagnostic laboratories in prior outbreaks. We then explore the diagnostic challenges pervading the 2014-2015 epidemic and provide a comprehensive examination of novel diagnostic tests that are likely to address some of these challenges moving forward.
Diffuse optical characterization of collagen absorption from 500 to 1700 nm (2017)

Reduction in scattering, high absorption, and spectral features of tissue constituents above 1000 nm could help in gaining higher spatial resolution, penetration depth, and specificity for in vivo studies, opening possibilities of near-infrared diffuse optics in tissue diagnosis. We present the characterization of collagen absorption over a broadband range (500 to 1700 nm) and compare it with spectra presented in the literature. Measurements were performed using a time-domain diffuse optical technique. The spectrum was extracted by carefully accounting for various spectral distortion effects, due to sample and system properties. The contribution of several tissue constituents (water, lipid, collagen, oxy, and deoxy-hemoglobin) to the absorption properties of a collagen-rich in vivo bone location, such as radius distal in the 500- to 1700-nm wavelength region, is also discussed, suggesting bone diagnostics as a potential area of interest.
Genome-Wide Analysis Uncovers Regulation of Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2012)

Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) transcribed from intergenic regions of yeast and animal genomes play important roles in key biological processes. Yet, plant lincRNAs remain poorly characterized and how lincRNA biogenesis is regulated is unclear. Using a reproducibility-based bioinformatics strategy to analyze 200 Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome data sets, we identified 13,230 intergenic transcripts of which 6480 can be classified as lincRNAs. Expression of 2708 lincRNAs was detected by RNA sequencing experiments. Transcriptome profiling by custom microarrays revealed that the majority of these lincRNAs are expressed at a level between those of mRNAs and precursors of miRNAs. A subset of lincRNA genes shows organ-specific expression, whereas others are responsive to biotic and/or abiotic stresses. Further analysis of transcriptome data in 11 mutants uncovered SERRATE, CAP BINDING PROTEIN20 (CBP20), and CBP80 as regulators of lincRNA expression and biogenesis. RT-PCR experiments confirmed these three proteins are also needed for splicing of a small group of intron-containing lincRNAs.
Abstract debugging of higher-order imperative languages (1993)

Abstract interpretation is a formal method that enables the static determination (i.e. at compile-time) of the dynamic properties (i.e. at run-time) of programs. We present an abstract interpretation-based method, called abstract debugging, which enables the static and formal debugging of programs, prior to their execution, by finding the origin of potential bugs as well as necessary conditions for these bugs not to occur at run-time. We show how invariant assertions and intermittent assertions, such as termination, can be used to formally debug programs. Finally, we show how abstract debugging can be effectively and efficiently applied to higher-order imperative programs with exceptions and jumps to non-local labels, and present the Syntox system that enables the abstract debugging of the Pascal language by the determination of the range of the scalar variables of programs.
Dynamic segmentation of traffic scenes (2002)

A new system for the detection and tracking of moving objects is presented. The system can be used to analyze image sequences taken either by a static camera or by a camera mounted on a moving vehicle. The system provides information about obstacles and relative motions for the assisted or autonomous navigation, and is based on a fast image motion estimation performed with a multi-scale/multiwindow algorithm able to compute a reliable optical flow even for large displacements between successive frames. When the image motion has been obtained, regions of motion discontinuity can be identified. This technique allows a fast but sufficiently precise detection and localization of moving objects. The detected objects are tracked by using "moving snakes", i.e. elastic contours initialized at the boundaries of the detected regions and driven in the successive frames by the first order approximation of the region motion, by a force generated by intensity edges and by an elastic force. A series of tests on different kinds of image sequences is presented, and the results obtained show that this approach provides a good segmentation of moving objects in different conditions.
Mutation in sodium–calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1) causes cardiac fibrillation in zebrafish (2005)

Cardiac fibrillation, a form of cardiac arrhythmia, is the most common cause of embolic stroke and death associated with heart failure. The molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac fibrillation are largely unknown. Here we report a zebrafish model for cardiac fibrillation. The hearts of zebrafish tremblor (tre) mutants exhibit chaotic movements and fail to develop synchronized contractions. Calcium imaging showed that normal calcium transients are absent in tre cardiomyocytes, and molecular cloning of the tre mutation revealed that the tre locus encodes the zebrafish cardiac-specific sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) 1, NCX1h. Forced expression of NCX1h or other calcium-handling molecules restored synchronized heartbeats in tre mutant embryos in a dosage-dependent manner, demonstrating the critical role of calcium homeostasis in maintaining embryonic cardiac function. By creating mosaic zebrafish embryos, we showed that sporadic NCX1h-null cells were not sufficient to disrupt normal cardiac function, but clustered wild-type cardiomyocytes contract in unison in tre mutant hearts. These data signify the essential role of calcium homeostasis and NCX1h in establishing rhythmic contraction in the embryonic zebrafish heart.
The Synthesis of Aromatic Aldehydes. (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Aromatic Aldehydes.Lloyd N. FergusonCite this: Chem. Rev. 1946, 38, 2, 227–254Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60120a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60120a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4397Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Compensation of image distortion in Fresnel lens-based 3D projection display system using a curved screen (2005)

As an approach for a 3D real image display system without special glasses, a Fresnel lens-based 3D rear-projection display system is implemented. In this display system, the conventional 2D video image is projected into the air through some projection optics, a screen and a pair of Fresnel lens and as a result, it can form a floating video image having a real depth. But in the conventional floating display system some image distortions might be occurred in the floating image plane, in which a flat screen has been mostly used for providing an adequate input image plane. In this paper, as a new approach to alleviate this image distortion problem, a Fresnel lens-based floating display system employing a curved screen is suggested and some computer simulations and practical experiments are carried out. That is, optimum design parameters of a curved screen for reducing image distortion is found out through some computer simulation using an optics design program of Light Tools and its performance in the floating system is experimentally verified and compared with those of the flat screen. Experimental results with a curved screen shows some decrease of image distortion in the floating image plane by comparing with that of the flat screen. This feasibility test suggests a possibility of implementation of a new Fresnel lens-based 3D projection display system with improved image distortion using a curved screen.
A load cluster management system using SNMP and web (2002)

Abstract Clustered servers for Internet service is a popular solution to cope with the explosive increase in client requests. The high probability of service failure in cluster servers make the cluster management system necessary to provide high availability and convenient administrator control. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a load cluster management system (LCMS) based on SNMP and Web technology. Our LCMS implementation has been deployed on a commercial ultra‐dense server. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mast cells in vulnerable coronary plaques: potential mechanisms linking mast cell activation to plaque erosion and rupture (2004)

Locally activated mast cells may participate in the weakening of atherosclerotic plaques by secreting heparin proteoglycans, chymase, and cytokines, which affect the growth, function and death of arterial endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, thereby predisposing to plaque erosion or rupture.
Externalities in online advertising (2008)

Most models for online advertising assume that an advertiser's value from winning an ad auction, which depends on the clickthrough rate or conversion rate of the advertisement, is independent of other advertisements served alongside it in the same session. This ignores an important 'externality effect': as the advertising audience has a limited attention span, a high-quality ad on a page can detract attention from other ads on the same page. That is, the utility to a winner in such an auction also depends on the set of other winners.