gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nicotinamide on the Microregional Heterogeneity of Oxygen Delivery Within a Murine Tumor (1990)

Journal Article Effect of Nicotinamide on the Microregional Heterogeneity of Oxygen Delivery Within a Murine Tumor Get access D. J. Chaplin, D. J. Chaplin * Medical Biophysics Unit, British Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouver, BC, Canada * Correspondence to: David J. Chaplin, Ph.D., Medical Biophysics Unit, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 601 W. 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3 Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. R. Horsman, M. R. Horsman Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Danish Cancer SocietyAarhus, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. J. Trotter M. J. Trotter Medical Biophysics Unit, British Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouver, BC, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 8, 18 April 1990, Pages 672–676, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.8.672 Published: 18 April 1990 Article history Received: 07 November 1989 Accepted: 17 January 1990 Published: 18 April 1990
Determination of Electron Affinity of In2 O 3 from Its Heterojunction Photovoltaic Properties (1978)

, , , and heterojunction solar cells have been fabricated and their photovoltaic properties have been investigated. All devices show rectifying and photovoltaic effects. The experimental results can be explained by a simple heterojunction energy band diagram. In order to match the experimentally observed polarities of the open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current of these heterojunction solar cells, the electron affinity of materials is determined to be 4.45 eV. The substrate‐resistivity dependence of open‐circuit voltage is consistent with the energy band diagram using the electron affinity value of 4.45 eV for .
A Simple in vitro Differentiation between Turkey Herpesvirus and Marek's Disease Virus (1981)

The growth and plaque formation by turkey herpesvirus (HVT) amd Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDHV) were examined in QT35 cells, a continuous fibroblast cell line derived from chemically induced tumors of Japanese quail. HVT grew and formed plaques consistently in QT35 cells when inoculated with cell-culture-propagated virus or peripheral mononuclear leukocytes (PML) from chickens that had been inoculated with HVT. Both oncogenic and nononcogenic strains of MDHV, however, failed to grow and induced neither plaques nor cytopathic effects in QT35 cells, whether inoculated with cell-culture-grown virus or heavily infected PML. When PML from chickens infected with both HVT and MDHV were assayed, only HVT plaques had developed, despite the presence in the inocula of high levels of MDHV with less HVT. The QT35 cell line provides a simple in vitro system for differentiating between HVT and MDHV and for selective isolation and identification of HVT from chickens infected with both HVT and MDHV.
Chromosomal Aberrations Induced by Hyponitrite and Hydroxylamine Derivatives<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1964)

Hydroxylamine and certain of its derivatives induced fragmentations, translocations, and rearrangements of the metaphase chromosomes of mouse embryo and Chinese hamster cells. The compounds included: N-methylhy-droxylamine; N-hydroxyurethan, a carcinogen; hydroxyurea, which exerts a leukopenic action in patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia; N-hydroxyaminoacetic acid, derived from the tumor-inhibitor hadacidin; and hyponitrous acid, which can be formed in situ from hydroxylamines. Since these agents induced main-chain cleavage of isolated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in solution, it is believed that the observed morphological aberrations are due to a direct attack on the DNA of the chromosome.
SPONTANEOUS DECLINE OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW DURING HYPOTHERMIC CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS (1988)

Stump, D. A. Ph.D.; Rogers, A. T. M.B.Ch.B.; Prough, D. S. M.D.; Gravlee, G. P. M.D.; Wallenhaupt, S. M.D. Author Information
Mechanism of rapid mucus secretion in goblet cells stimulated by acetylcholine. (1980)

The parasympathetic control of goblet cell secretion and the membrane events accompanying accelerated mucus release were studied in large intestinal mucosal biopsies maintained in an organ culture system. The secretory response of individual goblet cells to 10(-6) M acetylcholine chloride with 3 x 10(-3) M eserine sulfate (a cholinesterase inhibitor) was assessed by light microscopy and autoradiography, by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and by freeze-fracture. Goblet cells on the mucosal surface are unaffected by acetylcholine. In crypt goblet cells acetylcholine-eserine induces rapid fusion of apical mucous granule membranes with the luminal plasma membrane (detectable by 2 min), followed by sequential, tandem fission of the pentalaminar, fused areas of adjacent mucous granule membranes. These events first involve the most central apical mucous granules, are then propagated to include peripheral granules, and finally spread toward the most basal granules. By 60 min, most crypt cells are nearly depleted. The apical membrane, although greatly amplified by these events, remains intact, and intracellular mucous granules do not coalesce with each other. During rapid secretion membrane-limited tags of cytoplasm are observed attached to the cavitated apical cell surface. These long, thin extensions of redundant apical membrane are rapidly lost, apparently by being shed into the crypt lumen.
beta 2-Microglobulin in clinical medicine. (1980)

The production of beta 2-microglobulin in normal subjects is quite constant, about 0.13 mg/h . kg. The catabolism almost exclusively through renal elimination. The protein readily passes the glomerular membrane; subsequently more than 99.9% of the filtered beta 2-microglobulin is reabsorbed and degraded in the proximal tubules, only about 5 micrograms/h of the protein appearing in the final urine. Proximal tubular dysfunction leads to an increased urinary concentration. The serum level of beta 2-microglobulin is determined by the glomerular filtration rate and the rate of synthesis. Increased production, with raised serum levels, is sometimes observed in malignancy--mainly at an advanced state, in conditions with neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid B-cells or in inflammatory disorders connected with an activation of the lymphopoetic system. In body fluids, other than plasma and urine, the content of beta 2-microglobulin seems to often reflect a local production. In this review a presentation of the current status and usefulness of beta 2-microglobulin measurements in clinical medicine is included.
The anti-inflammatory effect of a crude aqueous extract of the root bark of "Ficus elastica" in the rat. (1986)

An investigation has been carried out to determine whether the aqueous extract of Ficus elastica is active as an anti-inflammatory agent in the carrageenin-induced oedema and adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat. This investigation was prompted by the fact that practitioners of herbal medicine in West Africa use the plant for the treatment of muscle and joint pain. The results of the investigation clearly indicated that orally administered Ficus elastica extract markedly inhibited the experimentally induced inflammation in the two test models. This effect of Ficus elastica was very similar to that of indomethacin. Thus in the carrageenin-induced oedema Ficus elastica (2-10 mg/kg) and indomethacin (1-5 mg/kg) produced inhibition of the magnitude of 5.41-68.92% and 27.03-69.26%, respectively. Similarly, both the extract of Ficus elastica and indomethacin inhibited the primary as well as the secondary lesions of adjuvant arthritis in the rat. The extract used in this study was coloured buff and there is considerable evidence that flavonoids of plant origin possess anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore it may be concluded that the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Ficus elastica was probably due to the presence of a pigment of the flavonoid class. Further studies are in progress to elucidate the chemical characteristics of this active principle.
Compartmentalization of destabilized enzyme-mRNA-ribosome complexes generated by ribosome display: a novel tool for the directed evolution of enzymes (2013)

We have developed an in vitro evolution method for the selection for catalytic activity under the conditions of free intermolecular interaction between the enzyme and a substrate. The destabilized ternary enzyme-mRNA-ribosome complexes generated by a ribosome display of the mutant library are compartmentalized in vitro by forming a water-in-oil emulsion in such a way, that every droplet would on average contain no more than a single complex. After the complex dissociates within the droplet, the released enzyme molecule is free to interact with a substrate under the selection pressure on all its enzymatic properties (substrate binding, product formation, rate acceleration and turnover) simultaneously-an opportunity for the most efficient selection for catalytic activity. By using the M-MuLV reverse transcriptase as a model, we demonstrated the high efficiency of the method selecting for mutants synthesizing cDNA at increased temperature. A slightly modified compartmentalized ribosome display (CRD) could be used for the selection of other enzymes activities (e.g. DNA polymerase, RNA or DNA ligase terminal nucleotidyl transferase activity). Employment of microfluidics technique could broaden the scope of CRD technique furthermore providing an opportunity to select almost any enzyme at single molecule level under desired conditions.
The applicability of home blood pressure measurement in clinical practice: a review of literature. (2007)

Measurements should be performed according to accepted guidelines and recordings should be performed with a memory equipped automatic validated device. From the data reviewed here, we recommend that HBPM be assessed monthly by taking two measurements in the morning within 1 hour after awakening and two in the evening for three consecutive days, the data from the first day should be dismissed. A subject should be labeled hypertensive if his/her HBPM value is equal to or greater than 137 mmHg systolic and/or 84 mmHg diastolic.
Electronic meeting systems (1991)

article Free Access Share on Electronic meeting systems Authors: J. F. Nunamaker Univ. of Arizona, Tucson Univ. of Arizona, TucsonView Profile , Alan R. Dennis Univ. of Arizona, Tucson Univ. of Arizona, TucsonView Profile , Joseph S. Valacich Univ. of Indiana, Bloomington Univ. of Indiana, BloomingtonView Profile , Douglas Vogel Univ. of Arizona, Tucson Univ. of Arizona, TucsonView Profile , Joey F. George Univ. of Arizona, Tucson Univ. of Arizona, TucsonView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 34Issue 7July 1991 pp 40–61https://doi.org/10.1145/105783.105793Published:01 July 1991Publication History 1,160citation5,777DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1,160Total Downloads5,777Last 12 Months267Last 6 weeks30 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Characterization and simulation of the response of Multi-Pixel Photon Counters to low light levels (2011)

The calorimeter, range detector and active target elements of the T2K near detectors rely on the Hamamatsu Photonics Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs) to detect scintillation light produced by charged particles. Detailed measurements of the MPPC gain, afterpulsing, crosstalk, dark noise, and photon detection efficiency for low light levels are reported. In order to account for the impact of the MPPC behavior on T2K physics observables, a simulation program has been developed based on these measurements. The simulation is used to predict the energy resolution of the detector.
Antitussive effect of oxatomide on citric acid-induced cough in conscious guinea pig. Preliminary communication. (1993)

Oxatomide (CAS 60607-34-3), a diphenylmethyl-piperazine benzimidazole derivative is a new oral antiallergic drug useful in asthma in preventing allergic attacks. Using the model of citric acid-induced coughing in the unanesthetized, unrestrained guinea pig the antitussive effect of oxatomide was investigated. The animals were treated with logarithmically increasing doses of oxatomide (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg, suspended in 0.5 ml of polyethylene glycol 200 + 0.5 ml of saline) and with the vehicle alone administered intraperitoneally (1 ml) 45 min before the challenge. Oxatomide reduced the number of coughs during the 3 min of challenge, lengthened the time of onset and reduced the number of coughs after cessation of the challenge significantly and a linear dose-effect regression was observed.
Synthesis and polymerization of 1‐(perfluoroacyl)aziridines (1964)

Abstract The preparation and polymerization of representative 1‐(perfluoroacyl)aziridines were examined. Polymerization of the aziridines was induced by heat, by certain inorganic nucleophiles such as cyanide, fluoride, and chloride, and by organic bases. Certain other inorganic nucleophilic reagents such as KI and KBr effected the rearrangement of the 1‐(perfluoroacyl)aziridines to the isomeric 2‐perfluoroalkyl‐2‐oxazolines. A possible reaction mechanism involving anionic polymerization in competition with oxazoline formation was discussed.
An Online One Class Support Vector Machine-Based Person-Specific Fall Detection System for Monitoring an Elderly Individual in a Room Environment (2013)

In this paper, we propose a novel computer vision-based fall detection system for monitoring an elderly person in a home care, assistive living application. Initially, a single camera covering the full view of the room environment is used for the video recording of an elderly person's daily activities for a certain time period. The recorded video is then manually segmented into short video clips containing normal postures, which are used to compose the normal dataset. We use the codebook background subtraction technique to extract the human body silhouettes from the video clips in the normal dataset and information from ellipse fitting and shape description, together with position information, is used to provide features to describe the extracted posture silhouettes. The features are collected and an online one class support vector machine (OCSVM) method is applied to find the region in feature space to distinguish normal daily postures and abnormal postures such as falls. The resultant OCSVM model can also be updated by using the online scheme to adapt to new emerging normal postures and certain rules are added to reduce false alarm rate and thereby improve fall detection performance. From the comprehensive experimental evaluations on datasets for 12 people, we confirm that our proposed person-specific fall detection system can achieve excellent fall detection performance with 100% fall detection rate and only 3% false detection rate with the optimally tuned parameters. This work is a semiunsupervised fall detection system from a system perspective because although an unsupervised-type algorithm (OCSVM) is applied, human intervention is needed for segmenting and selecting of video clips containing normal postures. As such, our research represents a step toward a complete unsupervised fall detection system.
World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone (2002)

"Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone" is the fifth volume in the new WHO series on histological and genetic typing of human tumours. It covers tumours of soft tissue and bone including inherited tumour syndromes. Each entity is extensively discussed with information on clinicopathological, epidemiological, immunophenotypic and genetic aspects of these diseases. Diagnostic criteria, pathological features and associated genetic alterations are described in a strictly disease-oriented manner. Sections on all recognized neoplasms and their variants include new ICD-O codes, incidence, age and sex distribution, location, clinical signs and symptoms, pathology, genetics and predictive factors. This book is an authoritative, concise reference, prepared by 147 authors from 28 countries. It contains more than 900 colour photographs, numerous MRIs, ultrasound images, CT scans, charts and approx. 2000 references.
Association of cervical cancer with the presence of CD4<sup>+</sup>regulatory T cells specific for human papillomavirus antigens (2007)

Because of their important role in the maintenance of self-tolerance, CD4(+) regulatory T cells prevent autoimmune diseases but also curtail the efficacy of T cell immune responses against cancers. We now show that this suppressive action of CD4(+) regulatory T cells is not limited to cancers displaying tumor-associated self antigens, such as melanomas, but also extends to human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cervical cancers that express foreign tumor antigens. HPV-specific CD4(+) T cells isolated from lymph node biopsies of cervical cancer patients were found to suppress proliferation and cytokine (IFN-gamma, IL-2) production by responder T cells. The capacity of HPV-specific CD4(+) T cells to exert this suppressive effect depended on their activation by cognate HPV antigen and on close-range interactions with responder T cells. HPV-specific CD4(+) regulatory T cells were also retrieved from cervical cancer biopsies, suggesting that they interfere with the anti-tumor immune response at both the induction and effector levels. Our findings offer a plausible explanation for the observed failure of the tumor-specific immune response in patients with cervical carcinoma.
Sprouty-2 regulates HIV-specific T cell polyfunctionality (2013)

The ability of individual T cells to perform multiple effector functions is crucial for protective immunity against viruses and cancer. This polyfunctionality is frequently lost during chronic infections; however, the molecular mechanisms driving T cell polyfunctionality are poorly understood. We found that human T cells stimulated by a high concentration of antigen lacked polyfunctionality and expressed a transcription profile similar to that of exhausted T cells. One specific pathway implicated by the transcription profile in control of T cell polyfunctionality was the MAPK/ERK pathway. This pathway was altered in response to different antigen concentrations, and polyfunctionality correlated with upregulation of phosphorylated ERK. T cells that were stimulated with a high concentration of antigen upregulated sprouty-2 (SPRY2), a negative regulator of the MAPK/ERK pathway. The clinical relevance of SPRY2 was confirmed by examining SPRY2 expression in HIV-specific T cells, where high levels of SPRY2 were seen in HIV-specific T cells and inhibition of SPRY2 expression enhanced the HIV-specific polyfunctional response independently of the PD-1 pathway. Our findings indicate that increased SPRY2 expression during chronic viral infection reduces T cell polyfunctionality and identify SPRY2 as a potential target for immunotherapy.
Data extraction from electronic health records (EHRs) for quality measurement of the physical therapy process: comparison between EHR data and survey data (2016)

Data quality of EHRs was sufficient to be used for the calculation of QIs, although comparability to survey data was problematic. Standardization is needed, not only to be able to compare different data collection methods properly, but also to compare between practices with different EHRs. EHRs have the option to administrate narrative data, but natural language processing tools are needed to quantify these text boxes. Such development, can narrow the comparability gap between scoring QIs based on EHR data and based on survey data. EHRs have the potential to provide real time feedback to professionals and quality measurements for research, but more effort is needed to create unambiguous and uniform information and to unlock written text in a standardized manner.
In vitro anti-cryptosporidial activity of cationic peptides alone and in combination with inhibitors of ion transport systems (2000)

The anti-cryptosporidial activity of four cationic peptides alone and in combination with five ion transport system (ITS) inhibitors was investigated for six clinical isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum recovered from stools of AIDS patients. The susceptibility tests were performed by inoculating the protozoa on to cell monolayers and determining the parasite count after 48 h incubation at 37 degrees C. The culture medium was supplemented with serial dilutions of cecropin P1, magainin II, indolicidin and ranalexin alone or in combination with amiloride and its analogues. No agent was able to inhibit parasite growth completely. The peptides had some inhibitory effect on parasite growth: cecropin P1, magainin II, indolicidin and ranalexin at a concentration of 50 microM produced 30.6, 33.2, 38.5 and 42.1% reductions, respectively, in schizont count. Conversely, the ITS inhibitors were scarcely effective. Positive interaction was demonstrated when the peptides were tested in combination with ITS inhibitors.
Comparing the Methods Used to Compare Antidepressants (2015)

A wide array of antidepressants are now available to treat depression. However, the conventional wisdom that these medications are equally effective may not be true. It is argued that most randomized controlled trials (RCTs) do not have the power to discriminate between an effective and an even more effective medication. Until RCTs that enroll 300 or more patients per arm are conducted, or more sensitive research designs are developed, it will be difficult to determine if a "not statistically different" finding reflects true therapeutic equivalence or if it is a false-negative result (or type II error). Statistical methods that evaluate data from a number of studies are used increasingly to compare treatment strategies. The relative merits and limitations of quantitative meta-analysis and pooled analysis of original data are discussed. The former method is preferred when a large number of relevant RCTs can be analyzed. Beyond the number of studies, publication bias ("file drawer" effect) and study selection criteria may influence outcomes of meta-analysis. Pooled analysis, which combines all original patient data, is preferred when there are only a handful of related RCTs. However, the integrity of a pooled analysis can be ruined by selective inclusion of studies ("cherry picking"). The validity of combining the data from different studies also must be demonstrated. Results of studies using these complementary methods suggest that there may be clinically meaningful differences in efficacy between several classes of antidepressants.
Management of Dupuytren's Disease – Clear Advice for an Elusive Condition (2006)

Dupuytren's disease is a progressive fibroproliferative disorder of an unknown origin affecting the hands causing permanent flexion contracture of the digits. Significant risk factors for development of Dupuytren's disease include old age, male sex, white northern European extraction, presence of positive family history of Dupuytren's disease, and diabetes mellitus. The disease also seems to deteriorate rapidly in those cases showing young age of onset and additional fibromatosis affecting the back of the hands, soles of the feet and the penis. Although there is no cure, patients with Dupuytren's disease of the hand may gain a significant functional benefit following surgical improvement or correction of the deformity. With realistic expectations, timely and appropriate surgical technique in a specialist centre, and attention to postoperative recovery and rehabilitation (occupational therapy and physiotherapy support), a beneficial outcome can be achieved in most cases.