gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VISUALISATION TOOL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECT OF DESIGN PARAMETERS ON THE HEATING ENERGY DEMAND IN THE EARLY DESIGN PHASES (2015)

To date powerful dynamic simulation tools are available to estimate the energy consumption in buildings. However, these require a lot of input and generate a large amount of output data. This output has to be filtered to select relevant results for early design phases. As a consequence, early design decisions regarding energy efficiency are in practice often based on architects’ experience or intuition. As architects think in a graphical way, this paper proposes a tool to visualise the effect of decisions on the heating energy demand, based on the developed “dynamic Equivalent Degree Day method”. Using a macro, this tool generates automatically parameter combinations, calculates the energy use and represents results graphically. Relevant sketch design parameters can be manipulated graphically such as the thermal compactness, insulation level, the effective use of direct and indirect solar gains, internal gains including occupant presence and activities, and global ventilation strategies. It is expected that energy demand visualisation can improve the integration of energy efficient design into the architectural process from the sketch design stage onwards. In addition, visualisation is a powerful communication tool for architects to share information and ideas with other architects, engineers, stakeholders and users towards realising Nearly Zero Energy Buildings. The approach is elaborated for the Belgian context, but can be applied to other contexts.
The efficacy of Salenvac, a Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica serotype Enteritidis iron-restricted bacterin vaccine, in laying chickens (2002)

The protective effect of two vaccination regimes using Salenvac, a commercially available iron-restricted Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica serotype Enteritidis PT4 bacterin vaccine, was verified in laying birds. Immunization was intramuscular at 1 day old and again at 4 weeks of age (V2), or at 1 day and 4 weeks with a third dose at 18 weeks of age (V3). Challenge S. Enteritidis (5 to 7.5); x 10(7) colony forming units) was given intravenously at 8, 17, 23, 30 and 59 weeks of age. For all age groups, both vaccination regimes reduced significantly the number of tissues and faecal samples that were culture positive for the challenge strain. For laying birds, fewer eggs (P < 0.001) were culture positive for S. Enteritidis after challenge from vaccinated laying birds (56/439 batches of eggs) than unvaccinated birds (99/252 batches). The data give compelling evidence that the vaccine is efficacious and may contribute to the reduction of layer infection and egg contamination.
Modeling of VSC-Based HVDC Systems for a Newton-Raphson OPF Algorithm (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The paper presents the model of a voltage source converter - high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) suitable for optimal power flow (OPF) solutions using Newton's algorithm. The VSC-HVDC's ability to provide independent control of the converters ac voltage magnitudes and phase angles relative to the system voltage, which allows the use of separate active and reactive power control loops for system regulation, is well represented by the model. In this new development in Newton OPF, the VSC-HVDC system equations are incorporated directly into the matrix <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$W$</tex></formula> for a unified optimal solution in a single frame-of-reference. The multipliers method is used to handle all inequality constraints of variables, leading to highly efficient OPF solutions of constrained power networks. The solution approach does not require structural changes in the linearised system of equations during the iterative process using Newton's method. The effectiveness of the VSC-HVDC model and its proposed implementation in Newton OPF is demonstrated by means of two sample systems. </para>
Efficient Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation for the Synthesis of a New Class of<i>N</i>-Aryl β-Amino Acid Derivatives (2005)

[reaction: see text] N-Aryl beta-amino esters were obtained by asymmetric hydrogenation of a new class of N-aryl beta-enamino esters. High conversions and up to 96.3% ee values were achieved with a Rh-TangPhos catalyst.
Real-Time Audio Watermarking Based on Characteristics of PCM in Digital Instrument (2010)

Abstract. Musical performance with digital instruments has become a common practice today, and many digital instruments come to be used in Desk Top Music (DTM), live performance, etc. These performances are recorded as digital contents, and circulated actively through network and electronic media. However, the spread of digital contents causes a problem of illegal duplication and distribution, so that digital watermark has recently attracted much attention as a technology to solve this problem. In this paper, we focus on a sound synthesized process in digital instruments, and propose a real-time watermark method. Certain watermarks are embedded in wavetables that are included in our digital instruments, and the insertion of secret messages is actualized with wavetable switching. Additionally, embedded watermarks can be extracted from the acoustic signal. The proposed method is able to achieve a real-time watermark, i.e., both musical performance and the insertion of watermark can be actualized.
Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease: Common pathways, common goals (2014)

In the United States, estimates indicate there are between 250,000 and 400,000 individuals with Down syndrome (DS), and nearly all will develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology starting in their 30s. With the current lifespan being 55 to 60 years, approximately 70% will develop dementia, and if their life expectancy continues to increase, the number of individuals developing AD will concomitantly increase. Pathogenic and mechanistic links between DS and Alzheimer's prompted the Alzheimer's Association to partner with the Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome and the Global Down Syndrome Foundation at a workshop of AD and DS experts to discuss similarities and differences, challenges, and future directions for this field. The workshop articulated a set of research priorities: (1) target identification and drug development, (2) clinical and pathological staging, (3) cognitive assessment and clinical trials, and (4) partnerships and collaborations with the ultimate goal to deliver effective disease-modifying treatments.
The Network of Global Corporate Control (2011)

The structure of the control network of transnational corporations affects global market competition and financial stability. So far, only small national samples were studied and there was no appropriate methodology to assess control globally. We present the first investigation of the architecture of the international ownership network, along with the computation of the control held by each global player. We find that transnational corporations form a giant bow-tie structure and that a large portion of control flows to a small tightly-knit core of financial institutions. This core can be seen as an economic "super-entity" that raises new important issues both for researchers and policy makers.
Synthesis of poly(vinyl acetate)‐<i>b</i>‐polystyrene and poly(vinyl alcohol)‐<i>b</i>‐polystyrene copolymers by cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization (2006)

Abstract Well‐defined poly(vinyl acetate) macroinitiators, with the chains thus end‐capped by a cobalt complex, were synthesized by cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization and used to initiate styrene polymerization at 30 °C. Although the polymerization of the second block was not controlled, poly(vinyl acetate)‐ b ‐polystyrene copolymers were successfully prepared and converted into amphiphilic poly(vinyl alcohol)‐ b ‐polystyrene copolymers by the methanolysis of the ester functions of the poly(vinyl acetate) block. These poly(vinyl alcohol)‐ b ‐polystyrene copolymers self‐associated in water with the formation of nanocups, at least when the poly(vinyl alcohol) content was low enough. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 81–89, 2007
Live‐Cell Imaging and Analysis with Multiple Genetically Encoded Reporters (2018)

Genetically encoded live-cell reporters measure signaling pathway activity at the cellular level with high temporal resolution, often revealing a high degree of cell-to-cell heterogeneity. By using multiple spectrally distinct reporters within the same cell, signal transmission from one node to another within a signaling pathway can be analyzed to quantify factors such as signaling efficiency and delay. With other reporter configurations, correlation between different signaling pathways can be quantified. Such analyses can be used to establish the mechanisms and consequences of cell-to-cell heterogeneity and can inform new models of the functional properties of signaling pathways. In this unit, we describe an approach for designing and executing live-cell multiplexed reporter experiments. We also describe approaches for analyzing the resulting time-course data to quantify correlations and trends between the measured parameters at the single-cell level. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Suitability of peracetic acid for sterilization of media for mycoplasma cultures (1975)

The utility of peracetic acid for sterilization of serum and yeast extract additions to mycoplasma medium was studied by culturing six Mycoplasma species. Culture media containing additions that had been sterilized with peracetic acid proved to be as good as filtered components. The use of 0.05 to 0.1% peracetic acid is recommended to sterilize the serum and yeast extract additions since savings in time and equipment can be accomplished.
A Clonal Culture System Demonstrates That IL-4 Induces a Subpopulation of Noncytolytic T Cells with Low CD8, Perforin, and Granzyme Expression (2002)

Immune deviation of cytolytic T cell function, induced by type 2 cytokines like IL-4, is an attractive concept to explain failure of the immune system in some diseases. However, this concept is challenged by previous conflicting results on whether type 2 cytokine-producing CD8(+) T cells are cytolytic. Therefore, we have analyzed the relationship between cytolytic activity and cytokine production among large numbers of primary CD8(+) T cell clones. Single murine CD8(+) T cells of naive phenotype were activated at high efficiency with immobilized Abs to CD3, CD8, and CD11a in the presence of IL-2 (neutral conditions) or IL-2, IL-4, and anti-IFN-gamma Ab (type 2-polarizing conditions) for 8-9 days. Under neutral conditions, most clones produced IFN-gamma without IL-4 and were cytolytic. Under type 2-polarizing conditions, most clones produced IFN-gamma and IL-4 but displayed variable cytolytic activity and CD8 expression. Separation on the basis of surface CD8 levels revealed that, compared with CD8(high) cells from the same cultures, CD8(low) cells were poorly cytolytic and expressed low levels of perforin mRNA and protein and granzyme A, B, and C mRNA. A similar, smaller population of noncytolytic CD8(low) cells was identified among CD8(+) T cells activated in mixed lymphocyte reaction with IL-4. Variable efficiency of generation of the noncytolytic cells may account for the differing results of earlier studies. We conclude that IL-4 promotes the development of a noncytolytic CD8(low) T cell phenotype that might be important in tumor- or pathogen-induced immune deviation.
Design and performance of multicarrier CDMA system in frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels (1999)

This paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of a multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) system. The transmitter/receiver structure and, the bandwidth of transmitted signal spectrum are compared with those of a conventional direct-sequence (DS) CDMA system, and an MC-CDMA design method, how to determine the number of subcarriers and the length of guard interval is discussed. The bit error rate (BER) lower bounds for DS-CDMA and MC-CDMA systems are derived and their equivalence is theoretically demonstrated. Finally, the BER performance in downlink and uplink channels with frequency-selective Rayleigh fading is shown by computer simulation.
Hand gesture segmentation, recognition and application (2002)

Vision-based hand gesture recognition provides a more nature and powerful means for human-computer interaction. In this paper, we present some new approaches for hand image segmentation, 2D hand posture recognition and 3D hand gesture reconstruction. We segment hand images from complex backgrounds with the color segmentation approach based on the RCE neural network, and recognize 2D hand postures by analyzing the topological features of the segmented hand. We also propose to use the 3D reconstruction techniques to recover 3D hand gestures and present a new method to estimate the fundamental matrix between two uncalibrated cameras from stereo hand images. A gesture-based human-robot interface has been developed to demonstrate the application of hand gestures.
The Development of an INL Capability for High Temperature Flow, Heat Transfer, and Thermal Energy Storage with Applications in Advanced Small Modular Reactors, High Temperature Heat Exchangers, Hybrid Energy Systems, and Dynamic Grid Energy Storage C (2014)

The overall goal of this project is to support Idaho National Laboratory in developing a new advanced high temperature multi fluid multi loop test facility that is aimed at investigating fluid flow and heat transfer, material corrosion, heat exchanger characteristics and instrumentation performance, among others, for nuclear applications. Specifically, preliminary research has been performed at The Ohio State University in the following areas: 1. A review of fluoride molten salts’ characteristics in thermal, corrosive, and compatibility performances. A recommendation for a salt selection is provided. Material candidates for both molten salt and helium flow loop have been identified. 2. A conceptual facility design that satisfies the multi loop (two coolant loops [i.e., fluoride molten salts and helium]) multi purpose (two operation modes [i.e., forced and natural circulation]) requirements. Schematic models are presented. The thermal hydraulic performances in a preliminary printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) design have been estimated. 3. An introduction of computational methods and models for pipe heat loss analysis and cases studies. Recommendations on insulation material selection have been provided. 4. An analysis of pipe pressure rating and sizing. Preliminary recommendations on pipe size selection have been provided. 5. A review of molten fluoride salt preparation and chemistry control. An introduction to the experience from the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has been provided. 6. A review of some instruments and components to be used in the facility. Flowmeters and Grayloc connectors have been included. This report primarily presents the conclusions drawn from the extensive review of literatures in material selections and the facility design progress at the current stage. It provides some useful guidelines in insulation material and pipe size selection, as well as an introductory review of facility process and components.
Azeotropic Data for Binary and Ternary Systems at Moderate Pressures (1996)

For the synthesis and design of distillation columns the knowledge of azeotropic points is most important. Therefore, a computerized data bank for azeotropic data has been established at the University of Oldenburg to supplement the existing mixture information stored in the Dortmund Data Bank. To check questionable literature data and to extend the contents of the computerized data bank, more than 500 azeotropic and zeotropic data for binary and ternary systems have been measured up to pressures of 3.5 bar with the help of a wire band column. A total of 38 binary azeotropic and zeotropic data for various ethers (MTBE, TAME, TAEE, ETBE, IPTBE) with different alcohols have already been published (Gmehling et al., 1995). A total of 273 binary and 28 ternary azeotropic and zeotropic data are reported in this paper.
A rate control algorithm for wireless video transmission using perceptual tuning (2005)

In video transmission over two-way wireless channel automatic repeat request (ARQ) retransmission has been used to protect packets from losing, which also causes the channel throughput varying and brings more challenges to rate control of the video compression. This paper proposes a new rate control algorithm based on regions of interest (ROI), PID buffer controlling and perceptual tuning techniques, etc. It intelligently allocates bit budget among different regions and adapts to time-varying wireless channel so as to achieve better perceptual quality in ROI and depress the frame skipping. Simulation results illustrate that our algorithm effectively enhances the perceptual quality for ROI, significantly reduces the number of frame skipping, and thereby improves the smoothness of the video.
Cohesion Mechanisms of Polystyrene-Based Thin Polymer Films (2013)

The cohesion mechanisms of end-functionalized high molar mass polystyrene with very low polydispersity (PS, Mn = 1.26 × 106 g mol–1, PDI = 1.06) and polylysine (PLL, 150–130 × 103 g mol–1) on silicon (Si) supported thin PS films are investigated by desorbing single polymers covalently bound to an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever tip. The influence of film preparation conditions and film architecture on polymer cohesion mechanisms is probed by comparing spin-coated PS films (scPS) with a thickness range of 6–52 nm and covalently surface-attached PS films (saPS) with a thickness of 15–83 nm. Annealed scPS prevents cohesion of further PS polymers unless the scPS partly dewets. In all other cases, two different cohesion mechanisms are observed: first, a previously described equilibrium desorption similar to hydrophobic solid substrate desorption, represented by a plateau of constant force in the force–extension curve, and second, a nonequilibrium mechanism with nonlinear force–extension behavior. The second requires a geometrical interlock between the tip bound single molecule and the PS film. Remarkably, this mechanism is observed below the glass transition temperature of PS films and is promoted by good solvent conditions. These findings contrast many bulk measurements assuming a glassy state of the complete polymer film, but they are consistent with fluid like boundary layers having a high mobility. Our results further underline the decisive influence of polymer film conformation and mobility close to its solvent exposed boundary layer for the cohesion of polymer coatings.
A Multi-hop Low Cost Time Synchronization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network in Bridge Health Diagnosis System (2012)

Due to the oceanic climate and frequent earthquakes in Japan, bridge health diagnosis is a problem of greater complexity. In bridge diagnosis system, we develop a wireless sensor network to sample and gather the vibration data of bridge. Time synchronization is a crucial component for the wireless sensor network (WSN), because large populations of sensor nodes will collaborate in order to complete the measuring data at the same time, data gathering, data fusion and localization. In the wireless sensor network with large scale of energy limited nodes, multi-hop time synchronization is necessarily applied. To solve above mentioned problem, some protocols are proposed. However most of the algorithms mainly focus on the precision of synchronization. In fact energy efficiency is also a challenge in a resource-limited WSN. In this paper a novel time synchronization scheme is proposed with the purpose of reducing energy consumption and lengthening whole WSN' life. Performance analyses, simulations and realization in node hardware of WSN are also presented.
Protected EAP Protocol (PEAP) Version 2 (2004)

The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) provides for support of
multiple authentication methods. This document defines the Protected
Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP) Version 2, which provides an
encrypted and authenticated tunnel based on transport layer security
(TLS) that encapsulates EAP authentication mechanisms. PEAPv2 uses TLS
to protect against rogue authenticators, protect against various
attacks on the confidentiality and integrity of the inner EAP method
exchange and provide EAP peer identity privacy. PEAPv2 also provides
support for chaining multiple EAP mechanisms, cryptographic binding
between authentications performed by inner EAP mechanisms and the
tunnel, exchange of arbitrary parameters (TLVs), optimized session
resumption, and fragmentation and reassembly.
Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide versus hydroxyurea in advanced prostatic cancer. A randomized Southwest Oncology Group study (1984)

Over a 24-month period, the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) conducted a randomized prospective chemotherapeutic trial in 158 patients with advanced prostatic cancer. Patients were initially randomized to receive either a combination of Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (AC) or a single agent, hydroxyurea (H), and then crossed over to the other treatment on failure. Of the 137 evaluable patients, 43 (31%) had classically measurable metastatic disease in the lymph nodes, skin, chest, or liver. Focusing their efforts on this subset of patients with measurable disease, the authors of this report found the combination AC to have a superior response rate to the single agent, hydroxyurea. Objective response to AC was seen in 6 of 19 (32%) and in only one of 24 (4%) patients randomized to hydroxyurea (P = 0.06, Fisher's exact test). However, in the larger group of 137 evaluable patients, a survival advantage was not seen for those individuals treated with AC. Failure to demonstrate a survival advantage for an objectively superior drug combination would suggest the need for more active phase II agents in this disease.
Challenges in Variation and Responsiveness of Unfractionated Heparin (2004)

Unfractionated heparin (UFH) has been in clinical use for more than half a century. Despite its undoubted contribution to the treatment and prevention of thrombosis, heparin is significantly limited by its variable biochemical composition and unpredictable pharmacokinetics. The situation is compounded by the fact that methods for monitoring heparin do not necessarily reflect its therapeutic effect. The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a method for monitoring heparin therapy that is simple, cheap, and readily available. However, it is also poorly standardized and is affected by numerous factors-both analytic and preanalytic-that are unrelated to the heparin effect. Establishing an appropriate therapeutic range for the aPTT is challenging for smaller clinical laboratories, and the antifactor Xa method of measuring heparin levels is not widely available. The College of American Pathologists published consensus guidelines in an effort to improve the laboratory monitoring of UFH therapy. However, it seems unlikely that the laboratory problems associated with monitoring UFH will be resolved. Unfractionated heparin is highly antigenic and carries a significant risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Even in the absence of thrombocytopenia or thrombosis, the presence of heparin-associated antibodies may predict adverse clinical outcomes and strengthen the rationale for the ultimate replacement of UFH. Fortunately, alternatives to UFH, such as low-molecular-weight heparins, direct thrombin inhibitors, and more specific factor Xa inhibitors, are becoming available for clinical use. The pharmacokinetics of these agents are more predictable and rely much less on laboratory monitoring. Nonheparin agents also eliminate the risk of HIT. The emergence of these newer anticoagulants makes the continued use of UFH increasingly difficult to justify.