gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin Response in Serum and Secretions after Immunization with Live and Inactivated Poliovaccine and Natural Infection (1968)

The responses of the major immunoglobulins (gamma G, gamma M and gamma A) in serum and nasal and duodenal secretions were studied in infants and children after immunization with live and inactivated poliovaccines and after natural poliomyelitis infection. The serum immunoglobulin responses to these procedures resembled each other although higher levels followed the natural infection. After immunization with live attenuated vaccine, antibody activity was found regularly in nasal and duodenal secretory gamma A immunoglobulin, but not after immunization with inactivated vaccine. To explain the alimentary immunity that follows infection with attenuated or wild poliovirus, it is proposed that orally administered live virus, which implants and replicates in the pharynx and intestinal tract, stimulates local lymphoid cells, leading to the production of immunoglobulins predominantly of the gamma A class.
Experimental Study of Impingement Cooling of Heat Sinks for LSI Packages with Pin-Fin Arrays. (1995)

This paper describes an experimental study of impingement cooling characterisitics of heat sinks with pin-fin arrays. The experiments are performed with a variety of pin-fin arrays. For enhancing impingement cooling, one inlet orifice over the center of the heat sink is found to be the best geometric structure. The optimum orifice diameter is about 1/3 of the heat sink width. The optimum pin-fin diameter is about 0.5 mm for low blower power, and increases to 1.0 mm as the blower power increases. When the pin-fin diameter and the pin-fin number are constant, the heat transfer rate increases with increasing pin-fin height, but becomes almost constant when the pin-fin height is 10 mm or more. If the heat sink area or the pin-fin number is constant, the heat transfer rate reaches an optimum value when the ratio of the pin pitch to the pin-fin diameter reaches approximately 2∼2.5. By increasing the total surface area of the heat sink, the heat transfer rate per unit blower power increases, with a maximum value of about 5 to 6 times the fin base heat transfer rate without a heat sink.
Improving Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Speech Emotion Recognition (2021)

Deep learning has increased the interest in speech emotion recognition (SER) and has put forth diverse structures and methods to improve performance. In recent years it has turned out that applying SER on a (log-mel) spectrogram and thus, interpreting SER as an image recognition task is a promising method. Following the trend towards using a convolutional neural network (CNN) in combination with a bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) layer, and some subsequent fully connected layers, in this work, we advance the performance of this topology by several contributions: We integrate a multi-kernel width CNN, propose a BLSTM output summarization function, apply an enhanced feature representation, and introduce an effective training method. In order to foster insight into our proposed methods, we separately evaluate the impact of each modification in an ablation study. Based on our modifications, we obtain top results for this type of topology on IEMOCAP with an unweighted average recall of 64.5% on average.
20 bit A-to-D & D-to-A converting systems for digital audio (1989)

Analog-to-digital (A-to-D) and digital-to-analog (D-to-A) conversion systems with 20-bit resolution are described. The A-to-D conversion system has two 16-bit A-to-D converters, and the system matches them completely digitally. The D-to-A conversion system consists of a digital filter, a noise shaper, and an 18-bit D-to-A converter. Both systems use existing devices, therefore their resolution can be improved with the advance of device technology. The A-to-D system has a 120-dB signal-to-noise ratio, an important factor for audio equipment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metro Ethernet (2003)

The definitive guide to Enterprise and Carrier Metro Ethernet applications. Discover the latest developments in metro networking, Ethernet, and MPLS services and what they can do for your organization Learn from the easy-to-read format that enables networking professionals of all levels to understand the concepts Gain from the experience of industry innovator and best-selling Cisco Press author, Sam Halabi, author of Internet Routing ArchitecturesMetro networks will emerge as the next area of growth for the networking industry and will represent a major shift in how data services are offered to businesses and residential customers. The metro has always been a challenging environment for delivering data services because it has been built to handle the stringent reliability and availability needs for voice. Carriers will have to go through fundamental shifts to equip the metro for next-generation data services demanded by enterprise customers and consumers. This is not only a technology shift, but also a shift in the operational and business model that will allow the incumbent carriers to transform the metro to offer enhanced data services.Metro Ethernet from Cisco Press looks at the deployment of metro data services from a holistic view. It describes the current metro, which is based on TDM technology, and discusses the drivers and challenges carriers will face in transforming the metro to address data services.Metro Ethernet discusses the adoption of metro Ethernet services and how that has led carriers to the delivery of metro data services. With a changing mix of transport technologies, the book then examines current and emerging trends, and delves into the role of virtual private networks (VPN), virtual private local area networks (VLAN), virtual private LAN services (VPLS), traffic engineering, and MPLS and Generalized MPLS (GMPLS).
Highly Efficient, Enantioselective Syntheses of (<i>S</i>)-(+)- and (<i>R</i>)-(−)-Dapoxetine Starting with 3-Phenyl-1-propanol (2009)

A highly efficient, enantioselective sequence has been developed for the synthesis of (S)- and (R)-dapoxetine. The pathways involve the intermediacy of the 6-membered-ring sulfamate esters 4, which were generated by Du Bois asymmetric C-H amination reactions of the prochiral sulfamate 3, catalyzed by the chiral dirhodium(II) complexes. During the course of our research, the absolute configuration of the enantiomer of 4-pheny[1,2,3]oxathiazinane 2,2-dioxide (4r), prepared by the Du Bois asymmetric C-H amination reaction of 3 and the Rh(2)(S-nap)(4) catalyst, is determined to be R and not S as was originally reported.
Mixed ℋ/sub 2/ and ℋ/sub ∞/ performance objectives. II. Optimal control (1994)

This paper considers the analysis and synthesis of control systems subject to two types of disturbance signals: white signals and signals with bounded power. The resulting control problem involves minimizing a mixed /spl Hscr//sub 2/ and /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// norm of the system. It is shown that the controller shares a separation property similar to those of pure /spl Hscr//sub 2/ or /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// controllers. Necessary conditions and sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of a solution to the mixed problem. Explicit state-space formulas are also given for the optimal controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Medium-chain triglycerides enhance secretory IgA expression in rat intestine after administration of endotoxin (2004)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) modulate the inflammatory immune response to LPS and enhance the expression of secretory IgA in the rat intestine. Rats were given either corn oil or MCTs by gavage daily for 1 wk, and LPS or saline vehicle was administered via the tail vein. They were then killed, and serum and sections from the gut were collected for further analysis. Western blot analysis for secretory IgA revealed that MCTs significantly enhanced its expression in the ileum compared with corn oil in rats administered saline. After LPS challenge, expression of secretory IgA was decreased in the corn oil group but not in the MCTs group. The mRNA expression of IL-6 was assessed by real-time RT-PCR, because IL-6 regulates secretory IgA in the intestine. The expression was significantly greater in the MCTs group than in the corn oil group after LPS injection. Increases in expression of proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-18, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the ileum were significantly blunted by MCTs. In addition, the mRNA expression of the Th2 IgA-stimulating cytokine IL-10 in the ileum and Peyer's patches was significantly greater in the MCTs than the corn oil group. In contrast, the mRNA expression of the Th1 IgA-inhibiting cytokine interferon-gamma was blunted by MCTs. As a result, intestinal injury was significantly reduced. Therefore, MCTs protect the gut by modulating the immune response to LPS and enhancing secretory IgA expression.
Mass Screening of Young Strawberry Seedlings for Resistance to Phytophthora fragaria Hickman1 (1976)

Abstract Young strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) seedlings were screened over a 4-year period for resistance to a composite of races of the red stele root rot causal organism, Phytophthora fragariae . A mixture of mycelia of 5 races of the organism, agar and water used as a root dip at the time of planting into sand on 6- to 8-week-old seedlings gave uniform results in the elimination of susceptible seedlings approximately five months later. The technique lends itself to efficient and effective mass screening of strawberry seedlings for relative resistance to P. fragariae .
Efficacy of albendazole against Haemonchus, Nematodirus, Dictyocaulus, and Monieza of sheep. (1976)

Albendazole was highly efficacious in the removal of monospecific and mixed infection of Haemonchus contortus, Nematodirus spathiger, and Dictyocaulus filaria from sheep. A dose level of 5 mg/kg removed nearly all gastrointestinal nematodes, and 10 mg/kg removed all lungworms. Tapeworms of the genus Moniezia were completely removed by a dose level of 10 hg/kg.
Generation and Characterization of a Defined Mutant of <i>Streptococcus suis</i> Lacking Suilysin (2001)

A defined allelic-replacement mutant of the sly gene, encoding a thiol-activated cytolysin, from a European isolate of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 was generated and characterized. Unlike the parental strain, it is nonhemolytic, noncytotoxic for cultured macrophage-like cells, avirulent in a mouse infection model, yet only slightly attenuated in a porcine model of systemic infection.
Low-power video encoder/decoder chip set for digital VCRs (1996)

This paper describes the realization of a video encoder/decoder chip set for the consumer use digital video cassette recorder (VCR). The two chips with a 5 Mb external DRAM either encode the CCIR601 digital component video signal into the standard-definition digital VCR (DV) format or decode the DV format signal into a component video signal. The compression rate of the intraframe compression is about 1/6. The total power dissipation of the two LSI's is 142 mW at 2 V internal supply voltage, which is more than one order of magnitude smaller than the recently reported MPIEG2 (MP@ML) encoder systems. Low power was achieved primarily due to the compression scheme which is optimized for large-scale integration (LSI) implementation. The 0.5-/spl mu/m 2-V CMOS standard cell library was also effective in reducing the power consumption. Each chip, fabricated in two-layer metal 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, contains about 500 k transistors on 71 mm/sup 2/ and 79 mm/sup 2/ die, respectively.
Research on Information Resource Re-organization in the Network Environment (2003)

Some issues regarding the reorganization of information resources are discussed,such as the basic concept,significance,method and practice.
The Role of Methanol in Promoting Plant Growth: A Current Evaluation (1996)

The biochemical responses of plants to methanol have become subjects of controversy since Nonomura and Benson (1992a, 1992b) reported remarkable growth enhancement of C3 plants treated with methanol. Despite the authors’ numerous positive findings, other researchers have had mixed results. Although some positive responses have been reported (Devlin et al., 1994; Hemming et al., 1995; Li et al., 1995; Nishio et al., 1994; Valenzuela et al., 1994), most publications report no evidence of gain in biomass in treated plants (Hartz et al., 1994; Mauney and Gerik, 1994; McGiffen et al., 1995; Mitchell et al., 1994). These contradictory results have left the efficacy of methanol treatments unresolved. Methanol metabolism in plants is poorly understood. Methanol is a naturally occurring, volatile organic compound emitted from the leaves of many plant species (MacDonald and Fall, 1993; Nemecek-Marshall et al., 1995), but the origin of emission is uncertain. Interestingly, leaves typically harbor methylotrophic bacteria capable of metabolizing methanol (Corpe and Rheem, 1989; Holland and Polacco, 1994), and these bacteria may be associated with leaf surface methanol emission. Methylotrophic yeast is also capable of metabolizing methanol. Since microorganisms have diverse pathways of methanol metabolism, it is not surprising that plants have several biochemical pathways for converting low levels of methanol into C1 metabolites (Cossins, 1964, 1980; Doman and Romanova, 1962). In this report, we discuss key similarities between pathways of methanol assimilation in microbes and those proposed in higher plants. We then review the findings on the effects of methanol on plant growth and development.
Comparison of pulsed Doppler and thermodilution methods for measuring cardiac output in critically ill patients (1987)

We obtained 145 consecutive cardiac output measurements in 38 critically ill patients, using the invasive thermodilution and the noninvasive pulsed Doppler methods. The mean thermodilution cardiac output (TDCO) was 5.7 +/- 1.87 L/min and the mean pulsed Doppler cardiac output (PDCO) was 5.16 +/- 1.66 L/min. The mean difference between the two measurements was 0.51 L/min with an SD greater than 1.6 L/min, reflecting the scattering of results. The overall correlation coefficient was .58. The intercepts were large and the regression equation some way from the line of equal values (TDCO = 2.28 + 0.66 PDCO). When the results were analyzed according to diagnosis or by group experience, there were some differences in the bias of the estimate; however, the SD of the difference between methods was greater than one liter/min in all groups. Thus, the pulsed Doppler method failed to estimate accurately TDCO in critically ill patients.
Immunoassays to Detect and Quantitate Herbicides in the Environment (1990)

Immunochemical techniques offer many advantages over chromatographic methods used for pesticide trace analysis of substrates such as soil, water, plants, urine, and blood. These advantages include speed of processing samples, high specificity for detecting a pesticide, reduced amount of preparation and cleanup of the sample before analysis, and a dramatic increase in the number of samples that can be analyzed. Immunoassays are based on the principle that antibodies to pesticides can be prepared, in animals, that can recognize and attach with exquisite specificity to certain chemical configurations displayed on the surface of a molecule. Small molecules such as herbicides usually are not immunogenic but can be made so by chemically bonding them to a large immunogenic protein such as bovine serum albumin before injection into an animal. Development of herbicide-specific antibodies and their use in direct and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (EIA or ELISA) as well as radioimmunoassays (RIA) are discussed. The principles behind monoclonal antibody production are outlined, and immunoassays using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are compared. Specific reference is made to the development and use of indirect ELISA and RIA procedures for trace analysis of 2,4-D and picloram.
The expression and modulation of IL-1 <i>alpha</i> in murine keratinocytes. (1988)

Murine and human keratinocytes produce an IL-1-like factor that appears to be similar if not identical to monocyte-derived IL-1. IL-1 may be an important mediator in cutaneous inflammatory responses, however, little is currently known concerning factors that may modulate IL-1 expression in keratinocytes. To address this issue we examined the effect of LPS, UV, and the cell differentiation state on murine keratinocyte IL-1 mRNA expression. Our results indicated that as with the murine P388D1 monocyte cell line, PAM 212 keratinocytes constitutively express abundant amounts of IL-1 alpha mRNA. On exposure to LPS (100 micrograms/ml) for 8 h there was more than 10 times the increase in PAM 212 IL-1 alpha mRNA which was accompanied by a sixfold increase in supernatant IL-1 activity. Similarly UV irradiation had a significant effect on keratinocyte IL-1 alpha expression. High dose UV (300 mJ/cm2) inhibited PAM 212 IL-1 alpha expression at 4, 8, 24, 48 h post-UV whereas a lower dose of UV (100 mJ/cm2) inhibited UV at 4 and 8 h post-UV, but induced IL-1 expression at 24 and 48 h post-UV. The expression of IL-1 alpha varied with the differentiation state of the keratinocytes. Freshly removed newborn murine keratinocytes were found to constitutively express IL-1 alpha mRNA. Keratinocytes grown in low [Ca2+] tissue culture media (0.05 mM) for 6 days, functionally and phenotypically become undifferentiated and express increased quantities of IL-1 alpha mRNA, whereas cells grown in high [Ca2+] media (1.2 mM) for 6 days become terminally differentiated and IL-1 expression ceased. Keratinocytes cultured for 3 days in low [Ca2+] conditions expressed an intermediate level of IL-1 alpha. In contrast, little or no IL-1 beta mRNA was detected in either the PAM 212 cells or newborn murine keratinocytes. Thus LPS, UV, and cell differentiation state have a significant effect on expression of IL-1 alpha in murine keratinocytes.
Heterolysis and the Pyrolysis of Alkyl Halides in the Gas Phase (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterolysis and the Pyrolysis of Alkyl Halides in the Gas PhaseAllan MaccollCite this: Chem. Rev. 1969, 69, 1, 33–60Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60257a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60257a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views725Altmetric-Citations193LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organic Fluorine Compounds. XXIX.<sup>1</sup> Thiol Fluoroformates (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Fluorine Compounds. XXIX.1 Thiol FluoroformatesGeorge A. Olah, Stephen J. Kuhn, and Robert E. A. DearCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 4, 1317Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01015a551https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01015a551research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On-Orbit Flight Results from the Reconfigurable Cibola Flight Experiment Satellite (CFESat) (2009)

The Cibola Flight Experiment (CFE) is an experimental small satellite developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory to demonstrate the feasibility of using FPGA-based reconfigurable computing for sensor processing in a space environment. The CFE satellite was launched on March 8, 2007 in low-earth orbit and has operated extremely well since its deployment. The nine Xilinx Virtex FPGAs used in the payload have been used for several high-throughput sensor processing applications and for single-event upset (SEU) monitoring and mitigation. This paper will describe the CFE system and summarize its operational results. In addition, this paper will describe the results from several SEU detection circuits that were performed on the spacecraft.
Pipelined high precision beamforming delay calculator for ultrasound imaging (2011)

Ultrasound Imaging is one of the most widely used medical imaging methods, and beamforming is the enabling technology of ultrasound imaging, which directly influences the image quality. The critical problem of modern ultrasound imaging system is generating high resolution images at high frame rate. To solve this problem, real-time high precision beamforming delay parameters must be generated. This paper presents the design and implementation of a pipelined high precision beamforming delay calculator for ultrasound imaging, which uses 10-stage pipelined CORDIC (Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer) processor to perform fully pipelined architecture. The presented delay calculator calculates delay parameters with high precision, which can greatly improve the image quality. And fully pipelined architecture can also provide high frame rate. The design has been synthesized for an Altera Arria-II GX FPGA with speed grade 4. A delay calculator requires about 3,238 out of 50,600 available ALUTs (6.4%), and a 64-channel dual-beam system needs 24 such delay calculator modules. The delay calculators run in parallel, and one of them can generate 300 million delay parameters per second.