gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The semi-micro determination of fluorine and chlorine in organic compounds. Part III. The decomposition of fluoro and chlorofluoro compounds by the diphenyl-sodium-dimethoxyethane complex (1959)

P. Johncock, W. K. R. Musgrave and A. Wiper, Analyst, 1959, 84, 245 DOI: 10.1039/AN9598400245
Residues from Wet Processing of Positive Resists (1980)

An ellipsometric study has been made of the residues left from the development and stripping of several positive resists as a function of surface treatment, development, and stripping variables. Residues of up to nearly 5 nm have been ellipsometrically observed in the development of AZ‐1350J and AZ‐111, using commonly employed developer solutions under conditions which yield positive print biases. The use of adhesion promoters HMDS, BSA, and BSTFA generally appeared to increase the amount of residue. The stripping effectiveness of organic solvents such as acetone was found to be extremely sensitive to post‐baking, with temperatures as low as 130°C causing detectable residues after stripping. The use of a postdevelopment exposure helps prevent this problem. High temperature inorganic strippers, such as sulfuric/nitric acid mixtures, are highly effective, but unexplained "negative residues" are observed. Also, for resist that is cross‐linked by ion bombardment, considerable residue is observed at patterned edges and can be removed only by a 400°C bake before stripping. Caro's acid, evaluated as a room temperature inorganic stripper, is fully equivalent to the high temperature acids. In addition, it shows superior stripping properties for cross‐linked resists and minimal attack on Cu‐Al‐Si metallization. A persulfate‐based stripper, similar in composition and properties to Caro's acid but whose makeup does not involve the handling of concentrated hydrogen peroxide, was also evaluated. This type of stripper appears best suited to commonly used process technology, from considerations of safety, effectiveness, and pollution control.
P‐4: Defect Detection in Reflective Liquid‐Crystal Microdisplays (1999)

Abstract This paper describes a recently developed automatic inspection system which detects, measures and classifies defects in reflective liquid crystal on silicon micro displays. The detected defects include single pixels and rows and columns of pixels of incorrect luminance. In addition, the system is capable of detecting and classifying a variety of blemishes, called mura, that appear as low‐contrast, non‐uniform brightness regions.
Raman microscopic identification of gunshot residues (1998)

Raman microscopy was used to identify unambiguously the anions of lead and barium in gunshot residues (ca. 5 μm in size) deposited on cellulosic substrates. It was found that most of the particles consist of mixtures of oxides, sulphate and carbonate (along with carbon). In particular, there is strong evidence for the formation of mixed oxides of iron but only relatively little evidence for oxides of antimony. The Raman technique has been shown to be able to identify individual or mixed components and to confirm the presence of microcrystalline particles with a particular crystal structure (e.g. orthorhombic lead oxide). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iterative cache simulation of embedded CPUs with trace stripping (1999)

Trace-driven cache simulation is a time-consuming yet valuable procedure for evaluating the performance of embedded memory systems. 1" this paper we present a novel technique, called as iterative cache simulation, to produce a variety of performance metrics for several different cache configurations. Compared with previous work in this field, our approach has following features. First, it supports a wide range of performance metrics, including miss ratio, write-back counts, bus traffic. et al. Second, unlike estimation-based methods, the results produced by our simulator are accurate. Third, OUT approach is flexible. It can simulate both uniprocessor and multiprocessor caches, with options of higher level caches, sub-block replacement and prefetching. Last, it is fast. Our simulation results show that it has similar runtime as the fastest one-pass cache simulator.
teosinte branched1 and the origin of maize: evidence for epistasis and the evolution of dominance. (1995)

Two quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling differences in plant and inflorescence architecture between maize and its progenitor (teosinte) were analyzed. Complementation tests indicate that one of these, which is on chromosome arm 1L, is the locus for the maize mutant teosinte branched1 (tb1). This QTL has effects on inflorescence sex and the number and length of internodes in the lateral branches and inflorescences. This QTL has strong phenotypic effects in teosinte background but reduced effects in maize background. The second QTL, which is on chromosome arm 3L, affects the same traits as the QTL on 1L. We identify two candidate loci for this QTL. The effects of this QTL on several traits are reduced in both maize and teosinte background as compared to a maize-teosinte F2 population. Genetic background appears to affect gene action for both QTL. Analysis of a population in which both QTL were segregating revealed that they interact epistatically. Together, these two QTL substantially transform both plant and inflorescence architecture. We propose that tb1 is involved in the plant's response to local environment to produce either long or short branches and that maize evolution involved a change at this locus to produce short branches under all environments.
Mechanism of molecular beam epitaxy growth of GaN nanowires on Si(111) (2007)

GaN nanowires have been grown without external catalyst on Si(111) substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Nanowire aspect ratios (length/diameter) of about 250 have been achieved. During the initial stage of the growth, there is a nucleation process in which the number of wires increases and the most probable nucleation diameter of about 10nm has been observed, which slowly increases with deposition time. For deposition time longer than the nucleation stage, the nanowire length as a function of diameter monotonically decreases. This phenomenon can be explained by adatom diffusion on the nanowire lateral surface towards the tip.
Involvement of endogenous nitric oxide in the mechanism of bradykinin‐induced peripheral hyperalgesia (1996)

1. When NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 0.1-10 nmol) or NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 10 nmol-1 mumol) was intradermally administered with bradykinin (BK, 3 nmol) into the instep of rat hind-paws, a dose-related suppression of BK-induced hyperalgesia, assessed by the paw-pressure test, was produced. 2. L-Arginine (1 mumol) but not D-arginine (1 mumol) reversed the suppressive effects of L-NAME (10 nmol) and L-NMMA (1 mumol) on BK-induced hyperalgesia. 3. Concomitant intradermal administration of BK (3 nmol) with haemoglobin (1 nmol) significantly suppressed BK-induced hyperalgesia in the paw-pressure test. The BK-induced hyperalgesia was abolished by concomitant intradermal administration of either a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, methylene blue (10 nmol), or LY83583 (1 nmol). In addition, KT5823 (1 nmol) or Rp-8-bromoguanosine-3':5'-cyclic monophosphothioate (Rp-8-Br-cGMPS; 1 nmol), an inhibitor of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase, also significantly suppressed BK-induced hyperalgesia. 4. The carrageenin-induced hyperalgesia was significantly attenuated by L-NAME in a dose-dependent manner. 5. L-Arginine (1 mumol), sodium nitroprusside (1 mumol), dibutyryl cyclic GMP (1 mumol) or 8-bromo cyclic GMP (1 mumol) all failed to produce any significant relieving effect on the nociceptive threshold of rodent hind-paws. Concomitant administrations of each agent with a sub-threshold dose (0.1 nmol) of BK induced significant hyperalgesia. 6. Rp-adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphothioate (Rp-cAMPS; 1 nmol), an inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, significantly suppressed BK-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Concomitant administration of forskolin (1 nmol) with 8-bromo cyclic GMP (100 nmol) induced significant hyperalgesia. 7. In the superfusion experiment of a blister base on the instep of rodent hind-paws, intradermally administered BK (3 nmol) significantly increased the outflow of both cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP from the blister base. Concomitant administrations of L-NAME (10 nmol) with BK significantly reduced the BK-induced outflow of cyclic GMP without affecting the cyclic AMP content. 8. These results suggest that the NO-cyclic GMP pathway is involved in the mechanism of BK-induced hyperalgesia, and an activation of both cyclic GMP-and cyclic AMP-second messenger system plays an important role in the production of peripherally induced mechanical hyperalgesia.
Binding affinity of serum immunoglobulin G to cardiolipin and other phospholipids in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and syphilis (1988)

Qualitative and quantitative assays for human antibodies to cardiolipin and other phospholipids were used in tests for these reactions in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and syphilis. Of 22 SLE serum samples tested by the qualitative assay, 8 showed positive staining to cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid, and/or phosphatidylserine. All 47 syphilitic sera reacted with these three phospholipids. The apparent affinity of anticardiolipin binding was estimated by normalizing absolute binding levels as a function of serum concentration to the maximum percent bound. It was evident that antibody affinity was four- to fivefold lower in the SLE sera than in the syphilitic sera. Twelve serum samples from patients with one or more features of the anti-cardiolipin syndrome demonstrated mean binding values which were not distinguishable from binding in other SLE sera. In sera from patients with active SLE, binding affinity for cardiolipin was somewhat greater than that in samples from patients with inactive disease, but the differences were not statistically significant. The low anticardiolipin binding affinity which was observed in patients with SLE compared with that in patients with syphilis casts doubt on a pathogenic role for these reactions.
Review Soybeans as bioreactors for biopharmaceuticals and industrial proteins (2011)

Plants present various advantages for the production of biomolecules, including low risk of contamination with prions, viruses and other pathogens, scalability, low production costs, and available agronomical systems. Plants are also versatile vehicles for the production of recombinant molecules because they allow protein expression in various organs, such as tubers and seeds, which naturally accumulate large amounts of protein. Among crop plants, soybean is an excellent protein producer. Soybean plants are also a good source of abundant and cheap biomass and can be cultivated under controlled greenhouse conditions. Under containment, the plant cycle can be manipulated and the final seed yield can be maximized for large-scale protein production within a small and controlled area. Exploitation of specific regulatory sequences capable of directing and accumulating recombinant proteins in protein storage vacuoles in soybean seeds, associated with recently developed biological research tools and purification systems, has great potential to accelerate preliminary characterization of plant-derived biopharmaceuticals and industrial macromolecules. This is an important step in the development of genetically engineered products that are inexpensive and safe for medicinal, food and other uses.
Multiparameter Approach in the Identification of Cross-Contaminated Leukemia Cell Lines (1993)

A common problem in cell culturing is cross-contamination with other cells or misidentification of cells. An effective cell culture quality and identity control is required in order to avoid inter- and intraspecies contamination of cell lines and their further propagation and dissemination. We present evidence that supposedly unrelated cell lines that we received from the original investigators are in fact related to the chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K-562. The sister cell lines SPI-801 and SPI-802 were originally established from a patient with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and displayed T-cell associated features. However, data from morphological evaluation, immunophenotyping, bcr-abl gene rearrangement analysis, DNA fingerprinting, Northern blot analysis of globin gene expression and esterase isoenzyme analysis clearly established that the three cell lines are related. Cytogenetic examination while not proving the common identity of the cells provided further evidence for the suspected common origin of all three cell lines. Chromosome banding, DNA fingerprinting and bcr-abl genotyping suggested further evolution of these clones during long-term cultivation. Quality and identity control is an essential feature of cell culture technique. Only regular monitoring for purity and integrity of cell lines will significantly reduce the incidence of cell line contamination and misidentification.
MRI volumetric measurement of amygdala and hippocampus in temporal lobe epilepsy (1993)

We performed MRI volumetric measurements of the amygdala (AM), the hippocampal formation (HF), and the anterior temporal lobe in a group of 30 patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in seven patients with extratemporal lobe foci. Measurements were analyzed with a semiautomated software program and the results compared with those of normal controls and correlated with the findings of all other investigations. In particular, we compared the results with the lateralization of epileptic abnormalities in the EEG. Volumetric studies of AM and HF showed lateralization of measurable atrophy consistent with that derived from extracranial and intracranial EEG examinations. The HF volumes were more sensitive and provided a lateralization in 87%. Combined measurements of AM and HF showed lateralization in 93%, always congruent with the results of EEG lateralization. This slight but important additional improvement in discrimination justifies using AM measurements in MRI volumetric studies of mesial temporal structures. Volumetric studies combined with other currently employed noninvasive techniques may diminish the need for invasive methods of investigation in patients with TLE.
Herpesvirus Transcription and Its Regulation (1991)

The herpesviruses are arguably the most successful animal viruses, and nearly 100 distinct examples have been described. Currently, a number of active research groups throughout the world are making important contributions concerning the precise molecular nature of herpesvirus transcripts, the proteins they encode, and the viral and host factors responsible for the control of their expression. Herpesvirus Transcription and Its Regulation describes current programs in a number of leading laboratories and emphasizes the research regarding herpes simplex virus type 1, due primarily to its importance in herpesvirus research. However, several other well-characterized herpesviruses are also described. New research areas covered include molecular analyses of herpesvirus regulatory functions and herpes simplex virus latent phase gene expression. This volume is a timely guide for established research workers and advanced students currently engaged in research on animal virology, viral pathogenesis, and virus-host interactions.
Catalytic phosphorylation using a bifunctional imidazole derived nucleophilic catalyst (2005)

A bifunctional catalyst containing a polyether backbone and a nucleophilic imidazole moiety has been prepared that demonstrates cooperative catalysis in the presence of added group 1 and 2 salts for the phosphorylation of alcohols.
Building Penetration Loss Measurements at 900 MHz, 11.4 GHz, and 28.8 GHz (1994)

The feasibility of using radio frequencies in the super high frequency (SHF) band (3-30 GHz) for Personal Communications Services (PCS) in buildings depends on the multipath within the structure and the amount of attenuation experienced by the electromagnetic waves passing through the structures. This study measured these effects to obtain a quantitative estimate of the attenuation magnitude. This magnitude can then be used for link margin analysis to determine if personal communications at SHF is practical.
Experimental investigation of the equalization-enhanced phase noise in long haul 56 Gbaud DP-QPSK systems (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate the impact of equalization-enhanced phase noise (EEPN) on the performance of 56 Gbaud dual-polarization (DP) QPSK long haul transmission systems. Although EEPN adds additional noise to the received symbols, we show that this reduces the phase variance introduced by the LO laser, and therefore should be considered when designing the carrier phase recovery (CPR) algorithms and estimating system performance. Further, we experimentally demonstrate the performance degradation caused by EEPN when a LO laser with a large linewidth is used at the receiver. When using a 2.6 MHz linewidth distributed feedback (DFB) laser instead of a ~100 kHz linewidth external-cavity laser (ECL) as a LO, the transmission distance is reduced from 4160 km to 2640 km due to EEPN. We also confirm the reduction of the phase variance of the received symbols for longer transmission distances showing its impact on the CPR algorithm optimization when a DFB laser is used at the receiver. Finally, the relationship between the EEPN-induced penalty versus the signal baud rate and the LO laser linewidth is experimentally evaluated, and numerically validated by simulations.
PatchFCN for Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection (2018)

This paper studies the problem of detecting and segmenting acute intracranial hemorrhage on head computed tomography (CT) scans. We propose to solve both tasks as a semantic segmentation problem using a patch-based fully convolutional network (PatchFCN). This formulation allows us to accurately localize hemorrhages while bypassing the complexity of object detection. Our system demonstrates competitive performance with a human expert and the state-of-the-art on classification tasks (0.976, 0.966 AUC of ROC on retrospective and prospective test sets) and on segmentation tasks (0.785 pixel AP, 0.766 Dice score), while using much less data and a simpler system. In addition, we conduct a series of controlled experiments to understand "why" PatchFCN outperforms standard FCN. Our studies show that PatchFCN finds a good trade-off between batch diversity and the amount of context during training. These findings may also apply to other medical segmentation tasks.
A decision support system for corporations cybersecurity management (2017)

This paper presents ongoing work on a decision aiding software intended to support cyber risks and cyber threats analysis of an information and communications technological infrastructure. The software will help corporations Chief Information Security Officers on cyber security risk analysis, decision-making, prevention measures and risk strategies for the infrastructure and information assets protection.
Optical fiber humidity sensor with PVDF thin film as sensitive element (2010)

A novel optical fiber humidity sensor using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as sensitive material was proposed in this paper. Three-layer coating was deposited on the end-face of optical fiber, which constructs an extrinsic Fabry-Perot (F-P) interference structure. Ag layer deposited by DC magnetron sputtering was used as mirror layer in the F-P interference structure. PVDF layer was realized with Czochralski method as F-P cavity. Simulation was performed using data fitting to analysis the relevant parameters on sensor performance. Experimental result shows the interference fringe shifts to longer wavelength when relative humidity increases. The fringe shifted 2.4nm with a good linearity response when relative humidity increases from 11% to 97%. The linearity of interference fringe shift to relative humidity was 0.98415, the response time was less than 1min.
L-Asparaginase (1970)

Postpartum depression (PPD) is common, disabling, and treatable. The strongest risk factor is a history of mood or anxiety disorder, especially having active symptoms during pregnancy. As PPD is one of the most common complications of childbirth, it is ...Read More
In situ bioaugmentation of nitrification in the regeneration zone: practical application and experiences at full-scale plants (2006)

Nitrification is the rate-limiting process in the design of activated sludge process. It is especially unstable during the winter season (when the temperature of activated sludge mixed liquor drops below 13 degrees C). It is therefore difficult to meet the ammonia effluent standards in winter. The common way to compensate for low nitrification rates at low temperatures is to increase sludge retention time (SRT). However, the increase of SRT is accompanied by negative factors such as elevated sludge concentration, higher sludge loading of secondary clarifiers, formation of unsettleable microflocs, etc. The low performance of nitrification at low temperatures can also be compensated for by enhancing the nitrification population in activated sludge. This paper describes such a method called bioaugmentation of nitrification in situ. This procedure takes place in a so-called regeneration tank, which is situated in the return activated sludge stream. The results of the operation of two wastewater treatment plants with regeneration zones are described in this paper, together with some economic evaluation of the bioaugmentation method.
Increased secretion of 32,33 split proinsulin after intravenous glucose in glucose‐tolerant first‐degree relatives of patients with non‐insulin dependent diabetes of European, but not Asian, origin (1995)

First-degree relatives of European patients with NIDDM possess early signs of beta-cell dysfunction, with increased and disproportionate secretion of 32,33 split proinsulin after intravenous glucose, whilst glucose tolerance is still normal.
Minimax regret estimation in linear models (2004)

We develop a new linear estimator for estimating an unknown vector x in a linear model, in the presence of bounded data uncertainties. The estimator is designed to minimize the worst-case regret across all bounded data vectors, namely the worst-case difference between the MSE attainable using a linear estimator that does not know the true parameters x, and the optimal MSE attained using a linear estimator that knows x. We demonstrate through several examples that the minimax regret estimator can significantly increase the performance over the conventional least-squares estimator, as well as several other least-squares alternatives.
Hearing results in pediatric patients after canal‐wall‐up and canal‐wall‐down mastoid surgery (1998)

Hearing results were studied in pediatric patients after canal-wall-up and canal-wall-down mastoid surgery in a private practice setting. A retrospective chart review was performed on 69 patients who underwent surgery from 1991-1995. Twenty-six patients underwent canal-wall-up mastoidectomies, and 43 patients underwent canal-wall-down mastoidectomies. Various types of ossicular reconstruction were performed in patients in both groups. Hearing was evaluated for preoperative and postoperative pure-tone averages, speech-reception thresholds, and air-bone gaps for the various types of ossicular reconstruction. Patients with canal-wall-up mastoidectomies and an intact ossicular chain had an average postoperative air-bone gap of 15 dB, whereas reconstruction of the ossicular chain (regardless of technique) resulted in an average postoperative air-bone gap of 19 dB. Patients with canal-wall-down mastoidectomies and an intact ossicular chain had an average air-bone gap of 15 dB, while all techniques of ossicular reconstruction had an average air-bone gap of 29 dB. Canal-wall-up and canal-wall-down mastoid surgeries in pediatric patients have similar hearing results. Variables other than hearing should be used to make treatment decisions regarding the canal wall in pediatric candidates for mastoid surgery.