gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffraction Pattern from Magnetooptical Edges (1993)

We describe an optical edge-detection system that can detect magnetooptical (MO) edges giving the phase shift 0 or π radians to the Kerr component light in the MO data storage. The interference between the diffraction wavefront from the MO edge within a diffraction limited spot and the reference wavefront gives appropriate intensity distribution for the optical edge detection. We calculated the diffraction patterns from the MO edge using the boundary-element method and observed them experimentally using the Twyman-Green interferometer. The two sets of results are in good agreement.
Ferulic acid degradation encoded by a catabolic plasmid (1988)

A strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens was isolated from soil with ferulic acid as sole source of carbon and energy. The ability to degrade this compound iis plasmid-encoded, as shown by the transfer of such degradative capacity from the wild-type into a recipient strain by conjugation and isolation of a plasmid from the exconjugants, identical to that from the wild-type and the exconjugants.
The selective anticancer agents PB-100 and BG-8 are active against human melanoma cells, but do not affect non malignant fibroblasts (1996)

When past the stage amenable to surgery, melanoma and its metastases are, as a rule, treated with chemotherapy, which is largely unsuccessful. In this report, experimental evidence is presented demonstrating that, in vitro, two selective anticancer agents, PB-100 and BG-8, dose dependently destroy human G-361 melanoma cells, but do not affect human non malignant CCD-974Sk fibroblasts used as controls. Trace metal compounds, present, often in abnormal amounts, in the cancer cell and/or its environment, are known to influence its proliferation. Assays were carried out using highly elevated amounts of ferritin, iron chloride or zinc chloride. Ferritin proved differentially mitogenic for melanoma cells and fibroblasts. Its activity was inhibited by both anticancer agents, which however tended to become less efficacious in its presence. FeCl3 was more moderately, but equally, mitogenic for malignant and normal cells, yet it impaired antiproliferative activity of PB-100 and inhibited that of BG-8. ZnCl2 exhibited a selective antiproliferative activity on the malignant melanoma cells; it did not compete with PB-100 or BG-8. Specific recognition and destruction of malignant cells by the two anticancer agents are discussed.
Geometry design of a coat‐hanger die with uniform flow rate and residence time across the die width (1979)

Abstract This article provides an approximate but sufficiently practical method of geometry design of a coat‐hanger die having both uniform flow rate and residence time across the full width of the die. Such a die is often needed when a heat‐sensitive resin such as poly(vinyl chloride) is sheeted, because different residence times across the die width are apt to cause a sheet defect in the transverse direction of the sheet. Although some assumptions were made facilitating mathematical analysis, an application of this method to a sheeting die 1 m wide gave good uniformity of flow rate and residence time.
The Drink Driving Situation in China (2012)

China has made progress in strengthening its approach to preventing drinking and driving, particularly in the area of law enforcement. However, it is not possible to evaluate the potential benefits because of data issues. Recommendations for the future include the need to improve the national road crash and injury database, strengthen the coordination of key agencies, and provide more effective and sustained public information campaigns that target vulnerable drivers and are integrated with enforcement strategies. Evaluation and research are important to improve future prevention programs.
Electrogastrography: Methodology, Validation and Applications (2013)

Electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive method for the measurement of gastric myoelectrical activity. It was first discovered in 1921 and popularized in 1990s. EGG is attractive because it is non-invasive. However, due to its non-invasive nature, there have also been controversies regarding validity and applications of EGG. The aim of this review is to discuss the methodologies, validation and applications of EGG. Pros and cons of EGG will also be discussed in detail. First, the gastric slow wave and its correlation with gastric motility are presented. The association between gastric dysrhythmia and impaired gastric motility is reviewed. Secondly the method for recording the electrogastrogram is presented in detail and pitfalls in the recording and analysis of EGG are discussed. Thirdly, findings reported in the literature demonstrating the accuracy of EGG in recording gastric slow waves and gastric dysrhythmia are reviewed and discussed. The correlation of the electrogastrogram with gastric contraction is carefully discussed. Finally, applications of EGG in a few major areas are reviewed.
Urinary trypsin inhibitor may have a protective effect on endothelial cells in preeclampsia (1994)

Urinary trypsin inhibitor is a glycoprotein which has an inhibitory effect on many enzymes, especially neutrophil elastase. The concentration of urinary trypsin inhibitor in serum (maternal and fetal), urine and amniotic fluid was measured in 20 cases of preeclampsia and compared with levels in normal pregnancy. Urinary trypsin inhibitor levels were significantly increased in the maternal and fetal serum of preeclamptic patients compared to normal pregnancy (p < 0.0001), as well as in urine and amniotic fluid of the same patients. Relative fluorescence release of a calcium chelating agent (fura-2) from human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures was significantly increased by preeclamptic serum compared to serum of normal pregnant women (p < 0.03). After incubation of urinary trypsin inhibitor with the cultures, significant decrease of fura-2 release was observed (p < 0.03). Urinary trypsin inhibitor has an effect on suppression of activated neutrophils, elastase production and may have a protective effect on endothelial cells.
Crack‐Wake Debonding and Toughness in Fiber‐ or Whisker‐Reinforced Brittle‐Matrix Composites (1990)

Solutions are obtained for the mechanics of debonding in the crack wake in fiber‐ or whisker‐reinforced composites for the case where a finite shear traction exists at the fiber/matrix interface in the debonded zone. These solutions are then applied to derive expressions for the steady‐state toughness increases obtained in bonded composites wherein the toughness contribution is provided by crack‐wake fiber/matrix debonding and crack bridging. The solutions for an unbonded composite containing a frictional fiber/matrix interface can be obtained from the derived equations in the limit of the fiber/matrix interface toughness equal to zero. In this limit, the debond crack length reduces to the slip length and the expressions for the crack opening and the predicted toughness increase reduce to previously derived expressions for unbonded composites. The steady‐state toughness is found to depend sensitively on the interface toughness, the fiber fracture strength, and the shear tractions in the debonded zone including other material parameters, such as fiber radius and volume fraction and the moduli of the constituent phases. It is shown that in order to obtain finite toughness increases, the fiber/matrix interface toughness must be less than a critical value dependent on the fiber fracture strength, fiber radius and volume fraction, and fiber and matrix moduli. The predictions of the model are applied to published experimental results from a detailed and complete study of toughness increases in a bonded whisker‐reinforced composite.
Environmental exposures that affect the endocrine system: Public health implications (1998)

In recent years much attention has been focused on the potential for a wide range of xenobiotic chemicals to interact with and disrupt the endocrine systems of animal and human populations. An overview of the chemicals that have been implicated as endocrine disruptors is presented. The ubiquity in the environment and associated body burdens of these chemicals in human populations are described. Potential mechanisms of action are reviewed, including the role of specific intracellular receptors and their interactions with endogenous and exogenous materials. The subsequent upregulation or downregulation of physiological processes at critical stages of development is discussed. The potential for joint toxic action and interaction of chemical mixtures is also discussed. The acknowledged role of wildlife populations as sentinels of potential human health effects is reviewed, and the weight of evidence for the role and impact of endocrine disruptors is presented. The implications of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals for human health are reviewed, with special emphasis on the potential for transgenerational effects in at-risk populations. Recommendations for future research include the development of (1) structural activity and in vivo and in vitro functional toxicology methods to screen chemicals for their endocrine-disrupting ability, (2) biomarkers of exposure and effect, and (3) in situ sentinel systems.
Asymmetric sampled grating laser array for a multiwavelength WDM source (2002)

We propose a multiwavelength laser array associated with asymmetric sampled grating lasers. The laser was designed to operate at the first-order reflection of a sampled grating with the aid of an index shifter. A four-channel laser array with 400-GHz wavelength spacing was fabricated and its operation at designed wavelengths was confirmed. Individual lasers showed a threshold current of 11-17 mA and slope efficiency of around 0.18 W/A. A high side-mode suppression ratio over 39 dB was observed as well.
Molecular Characterization of Methanotrophic Isolates from Freshwater Lake Sediment (2000)

Profiles of dissolved O(2) and methane with increasing depth were generated for Lake Washington sediment, which suggested the zone of methane oxidation is limited to the top 0.8 cm of the sediment. Methane oxidation potentials were measured for 0.5-cm layers down to 1.5 cm and found to be relatively constant at 270 to 350 micromol/liter of sediment/h. Approximately 65% of the methane was oxidized to cell material or metabolites, a signature suggestive of type I methanotrophs. Eleven methanotroph strains were isolated from the lake sediment and analyzed. Five of these strains classed as type I, while six were classed as type II strains by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Southern hybridization analysis with oligonucleotide probes detected, on average, one to two copies of pmoA and one to three copies of 16S rRNA genes. Only one restriction length polymorphism pattern was shown for pmoA genes in each isolate, and in cases where, sequencing was done, the pmoA copies were found to be almost identical. PCR primers were developed for mmoX which amplified 1.2-kb regions from all six strains that tested positive for cytoplasmic soluble methane mono-oxygenase (sMMO) activity. Phylogenetic analysis of the translated PCR products with published mmoX sequences showed that MmoX falls into two distinct clusters, one containing the orthologs from type I strains and another containing the orthologs from type II strains. The presence of sMMO-containing Methylomonas strains in a pristine freshwater lake environment suggests that these methanotrophs are more widespread than has been previously thought.
Einleitung (2012)

Die Motivation für das in der vorliegenden Arbeit dargestellte Dissertationsprojekt lässt sich an zwei Punkten festmachen:
Rhodopsin: structure, function, and genetics (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRhodopsin: structure, function, and geneticsJeremy NathansCite this: Biochemistry 1992, 31, 21, 4923–4931Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00136a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views769Altmetric-Citations178LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Deep Sequencing of RNA from Three Different Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Subtypes Released from the Human LIM1863 Colon Cancer Cell Line Uncovers Distinct Mirna-Enrichment Signatures (2014)

Secreted microRNAs (miRNAs) enclosed within extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in intercellular communication by regulating recipient cell gene expression and affecting target cell function. Here, we report the isolation of three distinct EV subtypes from the human colon carcinoma cell line LIM1863--shed microvesicles (sMVs) and two exosome populations (immunoaffinity isolated A33-exosomes and EpCAM-exosomes). Deep sequencing of miRNA libraries prepared from parental LIM1863 cells/derived EV subtype RNA yielded 254 miRNA identifications, of which 63 are selectively enriched in the EVs--miR-19a/b-3p, miR-378a/c/d, and miR-577 and members of the let-7 and miR-8 families being the most prominent. Let-7a-3p*, let-7f-1-3p*, miR-451a, miR-574-5p*, miR-4454 and miR-7641 are common to all EV subtypes, and 6 miRNAs (miR-320a/b/c/d, miR-221-3p, and miR-200c-3p) discern LIM1863 exosomes from sMVs; miR-98-5p was selectively represented only in sMVs. Notably, A33-Exos contained the largest number (32) of exclusively-enriched miRNAs; 14 of these miRNAs have not been reported in the context of CRC tissue/biofluid analyses and warrant further examination as potential diagnostic markers of CRC. Surprisingly, miRNA passenger strands (star miRNAs) for miR-3613-3p*, -362-3p*, -625-3p*, -6842-3p* were the dominant strand in A33-Exos, the converse to that observed in parental cells. This finding suggests miRNA biogenesis may be interlinked with endosomal/exosomal processing.
Structural, electrical, and optical properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>switchable mirrors (2001)

Thin ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}z}{\mathrm{Y}}_{z}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ films, in the composition range $0<z<1$ and $0<x<3,$ are studied using x-ray diffraction, dc resistivity measurements, reflectance-transmittance measurements, and ellipsometry in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. For $x=0$ the structural phase diagram is similar to that of the bulk system. Upon hydrogen absorption and desorption, the ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}z}{\mathrm{Y}}_{z}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ films do not disproportionate. All dihydrides have a fcc structure with a continuous shift of the lattice parameter, whereas the trihydrides undergo a transition from a fcc lattice structure for $0<z<0.67$ to a hexagonal lattice structure for $0.81<z<1.$ No significant thin-film effects occur in the structural, electrical, and optical properties, whereas disorder effects are observed in the x-ray coherence length, the electron relaxation time at both zero and optical frequencies, and in the optical properties of the trihydrides. In ${\mathrm{LaH}}_{2}$ a similar dihydride transmission window is observed as in ${\mathrm{YH}}_{2}.$ The suppression of this window upon alloying is a disorder effect. As in the case of their parent materials, all ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}z}{\mathrm{Y}}_{z}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ alloys (both cubic and hexagonal) exhibit a metal-insulator transition for $2<x<3,$ which is a clear demonstration of the robustness of the metal-insulator transition in switchable mirrors. The optical band-gap shifts from $1.87\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$ eV for ${\mathrm{LaH}}_{3}$ to $2.63\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$ eV for ${\mathrm{YH}}_{3}.$ The optical properties suggest that the fundamental band gap is $1--1.8$ eV lower.
Physical characteristics of a miniature multileaf collimator (1999)

A preliminary study of the physical characteristics of a miniature multileaf collimator (mMLC) used with 4 MV x rays is reported. The mMLC attached to the accessory mount of a class C or D Varian linear accelerator (Varian Oncology Systems, Palo Alto, CA) with a source to aperture distance of 65 cm. The field penumbra using the small leaves was found to be consistent with the anticipated field penumbra using photon jaws at the same source to aperture distance as the mMLC. The percentage depth dose values of square fields were found to be consistent with the fields collimated with the upper and lower jaws. Output factors for the very small fields were found to vary rapidly. Circular fields could be produced with depth dose characteristics similar to those produced using conical tertiary collimators, commonly used for radiosurgery, but with a broader penumbra.
Trust Evaluation in Mobile Devices: An Empirical Study (2015)

Mobile devices today, such as smartphones and tablets, have become both more complex and diverse. This paper presents a framework to evaluate the trustworthiness of the individual components in a mobile system, as well as the entire system. The major components are applications, devices and networks of devices. Given this diversity and multiple levels of a mobile system, we develop a hierarchical trust evaluation methodology, which enables the combination of trust metrics and allows us to verify the trust metric for each component based on the trust metrics for others. The paper first demonstrates this idea for individual applications and Android-based smartphones. The methodology involves two stages: initial trust evaluation and trust verification. In the first stage, an expert rule system is used to produce trust metrics at the lowest level of the hierarchy. In the second stage, the trust metrics are verified by comparing data from components and a trust evaluation is produced for the combined system. This paper presents the results of two empirical studies, in which this methodology is applied and tested. The first study involves monitoring resource utilization and evaluating trust based on resource consumption patterns. We measured battery voltage, CPU utilization and network communication for individual apps and detected anomalous behavior that could be indicative of malicious code. The second study involves verification of the trust evaluation by comparing the data from two different devices: the GPS location from an Android smartphone in an automobile and the data from an on-board diagnostics (OBD) sensor of the same vehicle.
Protein kinase CK1 is a p53‐threonine 18 kinase which requires prior phosphorylation of serine 15 (1999)

p53 is a potent transcription factor which is regulated by sequential multisite phosphorylation and acetylation. In this paper, we identify threonine 18 of p53, a key site in regulating the interaction between p53 and its regulatory partner MDM2, as a novel site phosphorylated in vitro by purified recombinant casein kinase 1 (CK1) delta. Strikingly, phosphorylation of threonine 18 is dependent upon prior phosphorylation of serine 15. These data highlight an additional and physiologically important target residue for CK1 in p53 and suggest a potential mechanism by which sequential modification of a pivotal N-terminal residue in p53 may occur following stress-activated modification of serine 15.
Detecting ventricular fibrillation by fast algorithm of dynamic sample entropy (2009)

A key component in automatic external defibrillator (AED) is to discriminate ventricular fibrillation (VF) from non VF by means of appropriate detection algorithms, which should have a high detection quality, be easily implementable, and work in real time. In this study, we presented a novel and computationally simple algorithm for VF detection using sample entropy (SampEn) method. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed algorithm, we analyzed the complete data sets from Creighton University Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia database (CUDB). We compared the sensitivity, specificity, positive prediction, accuracy and the area under its receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the new algorithm with several earlier VF detection algorithms. The new algorithm proves to be well suited for short data sets analysis, which can reach an elegant balance between detection time and accuracy.
Neuropathic Pain: A Brief Conceptual History (2012)

Pain is a familiar part of life for most people and is an expected symptom of many injuries and diseases. Thankfully, over the past century, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying normal pain sensation. Furthermore, as more clinicians have been drawn to pain management, significant improvements in therapy have been achieved. Neuropathic pain, however, remains a significant problem area. Nervous system injury or disease that affects sensory pathways typically impairs normal sensation. However, in some situations, the disease process that impairs normal pain sensation can produce pain and hypersensitivity. For patients with neuropathic pain, the suffering can be severe and have a disturbingly peculiar quality. Because they can be extremely disturbing and resistant to treatment, neuropathic pains are a major challenge to the research and treatment communities.
Merging NT and UNIX filesystem permissions (1998)

Sharing network data between NT and UNIX systems is becoming increasingly important as NT moves into areas previously serviced entirely by UNIX. One difficulty in sharing data is that the two filesystem security models are quite different. NT file servers use access control lists (ACLs) that allow permissions to be specified for an arbitrary number of users and groups, while UNIX NFS servers use traditional UNIX permissions that provide control only for owner, group, and other. This paper describes an integrated security model in which a single filesystem can contain both files with NT-style ACLs and files with UNIX-style permissions. For native file service requests (NT requests to NT-style files and NFS requests to UNIX-style files) the security model exactly matches an NT or UNIX fileserver. For non-native requests, heuristics allow a reasonable level of access without compromising the security guarantees of the native model.
Graded silicon-germanium channel tunnel field effect transistor (G-TFET), an approach to increase I<inf>ON</inf> without compromising I<inf>OFF</inf> (2011)

In this paper, a new modified thin body double gate tunneling field effect transistor (G-TFET) on SOI with graded silicon germanium channel is proposed. Gradually changing Ge composition is used to achieve (i) reduced band gap, (ii) reduced barrier width, and (iii) enhanced accelerating intrinsic field, which enhances device performance parameters. Results show G-TFET with graded SiGe channel can be successfully employed for achieving significant increase in ON current without compromising OFF current.