gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urinary Glutathione-S-Transferase in Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity in the Rat (1986)

Rats given a single toxic dose of cisplatin all developed detectable glutathione-S-transferase activity in their urine between the third and fifth day after injection of cisplatin, simultaneously with the decreased urine osmolality and increased urine volume characteristic of cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Peak urinary glutathione-S-transferase levels occurred at the same time as maximal serum creatinine levels, and there was a significant statistical correlation between these two variables. These findings suggest that urinary glutathione-S-transferase activity is a marker for proximal renal tubular injury from cisplatin.
A study on the improvement of process operation through the adjustment to the flow rate of LNG HP pump (2004)

This study has been carried out to improve the conditions of process operation through the adjustment to the flow rate and outlet pressure of LNG HP pump, one of the main process facilities, in LNG receiving terminal. We have determined optimum flow rate and applied it to the field operation by analyzing the field operating performance for all the HP pumps and the load of natural gas supply in seasonal using the ASPEN PLUS. As a results, we have get the electric cost saving for the HP pump operation and derived contribution to safety operation by reduced the LNG Process pressure.
Butler Folded Plate Greenhouse Roof (1987)

FOLDED plate structures have been used for centuries, generally to enhance the aesthetics of a building but also because of some inherent structural characteristics. There are many possible folded plate configurations with most categorized according to fold type, arrangement and resulting cross section. Concern for water removal from large area greenhouse roofs led R. G. Butler of Westboro, MA, to propose a folded plate roof constructed of triangular plates in a parallel fold arrangement to create an M cross section (Fig. la). He constructed a model of the roof using flat acrylic triangles as plates tilted at 45 deg with the horizontal. The sloping valleys were parallel to the building sides. The ridges were horizontal and at an angle to the sides. This paper discusses (a) the design, testing and structural evaluation of a folded plate roof model based on the Butler roof and (b) design, fabrication and erection of a 7.3 m x 7.3 m (24 ft x 24 ft) Butler roof greenhouse.
Hybrid molecules inhibiting myeloperoxidase activity and serotonin reuptake: a possible new approach of major depressive disorders with inflammatory syndrome (2014)

Our results put forward the first hybrid molecule (compound 25) and drug (paroxetine) that can be especially used in MDD associated with inflammatory syndrome.
Review of Mass-Transfer Correlations for Packed Columns (2005)

Mass-transfer correlations developed during the last several decades for packed column used for industrial fractionation, adsorption, etc. are reviewed. Theoretical basis and applicability of the reviewed correlations are discussed and compared concisely. Some dominant correlations and their parameters, as well as some considerations for further improvement, are also summarized and discussed.
Organic photovoltaics (2012)

In the last ten years, the highest efficiency obtained from organic photovoltaics (OPVs), such as bulk heterojunction polymer:fullerene solar cells, has risen from 2.5 to 11 %. This rapid progress suggests that the commercialization of OPVs should be realized soon if we can solve some technical issues. The advances in the development of OPVs can be attributed to four fronts: (i) a better understanding of the mechanism of photon-to-electron conversion; (ii) new materials with tailored energy levels and solubility; (iii) new processing approaches to induce optimal microstructures in the active layer; and (iv) new device architectures with novel interfacial layers. Herein, we review the materials, the microstructures of the active layers, the device structures, the interfacial layers that have been developed recently for OPVs, and provide future perspectives for this promising technology.
Electrodeposition of Zirconium from 1-Butyl-1-Methylpyrrolidinium-Bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide: Electrochemical Behavior and Reduction Pathway (2015)

A study on the electrochemical deposition of Zr on platinum, gold, and boron doped diamond (BDD) from 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium-bis(trifuoromethylsulphonyl) imide is presented in this work. The electrochemical behavior of zirconium ions was investigated by cyclic voltammetries and chronopotentiometries, allowing establishing the mechanism of deposition. Deposition tests were carried out at different potentials and the related samples were analyzed by SEM and EDX. Structural and chemical analyses indicate that the obtained deposits are constituted by metallic zirconium. According to the electrochemistry of zirconium and based on the experimental results, the mechanism is Zr(IV) ⇒ Zr(II) ⇒ Zr.
Olfaction in infants and children: developmental and functional perspectives (1988)

This paper reviews some studies related to the ontogeny of olfactory competence in humans from the foetal – neonatal to the pubertal period. Psychophysical and hedonk studies of developing olfactory function demonstrate keen detection and discrimination abilities from birth onwards. Although the sensory parameters of infantile olfaction nearly equal those of mature function, developmental processes seemingly act upon the hedonic integration of odours. From the first post-natal week, infants rely on this olfactory competence in social contexts: olfactory cues derived from conspecifics' body chemistry are used to differentiate familiar from unfamiliar individuals or kin from non-kin. Additional studies are needed, however, to demonstrate an early recognition of olfactory individuality by young infants. The infants' discriminative performance in regard to social odours and the incentive value they assign to them are progressively specified in close relationship with the earliest social experiences. To date, the salience of olfactory stimulations has been poorly documented in the infants' normal life. But clinical evidence underlines their potential involvement (i) in the earliest infant–mother bonding processes, (ii) in the infant's emotional homeostasis and (iii) in the child's interactional adjustments.
Decreased expression of keratinocyte beta1 integrins in chronically sun-exposed skin in vivo (2003)

Collectively these results demonstrate that epidermal homeostasis is impaired by chronic UV exposure, and define beta1 integrin expression as a molecular marker of the epidermal photoageing process.
InfoXtract (2003)

Information extraction (IE) systems assist analysts to assimilate information from electronic documents.This paper focuses on IE tasks designed to support information discovery applications.Since information discovery implies examining large volumes of documents drawn from various sources for situations that cannot be anticipated a priori, they require IE systems to have breadth as well as depth.This implies the need for a domain-independent IE system that can easily be customized for specific domains: end users must be given tools to customize the system on their own.It also implies the need for defining new intermediate level IE tasks that are richer than the subject-verb-object (SVO) triples produced by shallow systems, yet not as complex as the domain-specific scenarios defined by the Message Understanding Conference (MUC).This paper describes a robust, scalable IE engine designed for such purposes.It describes new IE tasks such as entity profiles, and concept-based general events which represent realistic goals in terms of what can be accomplished in the near-term as well as providing useful, actionable information.These new tasks also facilitate the correlation of output from an IE engine with existing structured data.Benchmarking results for the core engine and applications utilizing the engine are presented.
Carboxy-Telechelic Polyolefins in Cross-Linked Elastomers (2014)

We demonstrate that ring-opening metathesis copolymerization of 3-hexyl-cis-cyclooctene and cis-cyclooctene in the presence of maleic acid as a chain transfer agent leads to precise control over the molar mass, branching and crystallinity of the resulting carboxy-telechelic polyalkenamers. Subsequent hydrogenation using a silica-supported platinum catalyst had a negligible effect on the carboxy functionality and led to telechelic polyolefins with high thermal resistance, low glass transition temperatures (<−57 °C), little to no crystallinity, and viscosities similar to those of liquid silicon rubber prior to cross-linking. These properties are ideal for easily processable reactive polyolefin prepolymers that can be readily cured to form elastomers. We demonstrate that a fast and controlled curing process can be achieved in the presence of polyfunctional aziridines. The properties of the thermoset elastomer products were evaluated by tensile, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analyses.
Hyperbar System of High Supercharging (1974)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a new concept for very high supercharging of engines. Based on a novel combination of engine and turbocompressor, this concept enables the overall supercharge efficiency to be increased considerably which, taking into account recent advances in the field of gas turbines, can achieve pressure ratios of 9-10 without increasing the exhaust temperature of the engine.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Applied to engines of very low compression ratios (between 5 and 7), this method of supercharging enables continuous operation to be envisaged at a bmep of 35 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>, without increasing thermal and mechanical loads on the engine and without appreciable degradation of its efficiency.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Test results are presented, applied on a fast engine at 26 kg/cm<sup>2</sup> bmep and on an engine of average speed at 30 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>.</div>
A role for neuromorphic processors in therapeutic nervous system stimulation (2014)

OPINION article Front. Syst. Neurosci., 07 October 2014 Volume 8 - 2014 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00187
Low-voltage and low-power circuit design for mixed analog/digital systems in portable equipment (1994)

This paper describes low-voltage and low-power (LV/LP) circuit design for both analog LSI's and digital LSI's which are used in mixed analog/digital systems in portable equipment. We review some LV/LP circuits used in digital LSI's, such as general logic gate, DSP, and DRAM, and others used in analog LSI's, such as operational amplifiers, video-signal processing circuits, A/D and D/A converters, filters, and RF circuits, along with a wide range of items used in recently developed LSI's. Since analog circuits have fundamental difficulties in reducing the operating voltage and the power consumption, in spite of recent progress in LV/LP circuit techniques, these difficulties will be a major issue for decreasing the total power consumption of some mixed analog/digital systems used in portable equipment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Single Scatter Model for X-ray CT Energy Spectrum Estimation and Polychromatic Reconstruction (2015)

To improve the quantitative accuracy of linear attenuation coefficients measured by computed tomography (CT), we used a single scatter model to estimate the Compton scatter distribution and then a polychromatic image reconstruction algorithm, namely the iterative maximum-likelihood polychromatic algorithm for CT (IMPACT), was implemented to include scatter correction (SC). To perform the IMPACT, the X-ray spectra of a tube were estimated via an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm with SC. To test the accuracy of the estimated spectra, the projection images of cubic phantoms containing different depths of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were acquired. The percentage of root mean square errors (%RMSE) of the measured transmission data and calculated transmission values were used to evaluate the accuracy of the estimated spectra. In addition, a hydroxylapatite (HA) phantom was used to study streak artifacts and evaluate the accuracy of the linear attenuation coefficients estimated using the IMPACT with SC. The %RMSE of the EM-with-SC estimated spectra were all lower than 1% and were also smaller than that without SC. The error in the quantification of the HA linear attenuation was only about 3% after SC. Our results showed that the quantitative accuracy of the linear attenuation coefficients measured with a cone beam CT was improved when the IMPACT with SC was used.
Structural Characterization and Cytotoxic Properties of a 4-<i>O</i>-Methylglucuronoxylan from <i>Castanea </i><i>sativa</i> (2006)

A glucuronoxylan was purified from a delignified holocellulose alkaline extract of Castanea sativa (Spanish chestnut) and its structure analyzed by means of FT-IR, GC of the per-trimethylsilylated methylglycoside derivatives, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The results supported a structure based on a linear polymer of xylopyranose units linked with beta(1-->4) bonds in which, on average, one out of every six units is substituted at C-2 by a 4-O-methylglucuronic acid unit; this structure is typical of a hardwood acidic 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan (MGX) with an estimated degree of polymerization of 200. The MGX from C. sativa inhibited the proliferation of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells with an IC50 value of 50 microM. In addition, this xylan inhibited A431 cell migration and invasion. Preliminary experiments showing that secretion of metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9 by A431 tumor cells was inhibited by the purified C. sativa MGX strongly suggest that this mechanism of action may play a role in its antimigration and anti-invasive properties.
Sulfonated block polyimide copolymers as a proton‐conductive membrane (2006)

A series of sulfonated block copolyimide (SPI-B) ionomers were synthesized, and the effect of the block length was investigated. The new block SPI-B ionomer membranes showed chemical stability comparable to that of the random sulfonated polyimide equivalent. Among the SPI-B copolymers examined, the block/block copolymer SPI-B150/150 membrane, containing long block segments in both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, showed the highest proton conductivity of 2 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 48% relative humidity, which was comparable to that of a conventional perfluorinated ionomer membrane. Widespread and well-connected hydrophilic domains were confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy, proving the high proton-transporting properties of the SPI- B150/150 membrane. These results proved its potential availability as an electrolyte for high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
Binding of Aedes aegypti trypsin modulating oostatic factor [Aea-TMOF] to its receptor stimulates phosphorylation and protease processing of gut-membrane proteins (2008)

The binding of TMOF to its gut receptor was followed by incubating guts removed from male and female Aedes aegypti. TMOF at physiological concentrations, in the presence of [γ32P]ATP, causes phosphorylation and release of gut-membrane protein (45 kDa) that is further processed by proteolysis. In the presence of protease inhibitors only the 45 kDa protein was released. The phosphorylation and processing of the 45 kDa protein does not happen in the absence of TMOF. Both larvae and adult guts release the protein in the presence of TMOF. Male Ae. aegypti do not synthesize trypsin in their gut and do not release the 45 kDa protein in the presence of TMOF because a TMOF receptor is probably absent. Homogenized guts do not release the 45 kDa protein, indicating that the protease processing or the ecto-protein kinase activity is probably reduced after breaking the tissue. The 45 kDa phosphorylated protein can be dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase and protein phosphatase, indicating that the phosphate group is covalently linked to either a serine or a tyrosine moiety. This is the first report that shows that in insects, binding of a peptide hormone activates its receptor
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more hydrophobic bile salts: In vitro studies in rat hepatocytes and human erythrocytes (1991)

Intraduodenal infusion of hydrophobic bile salts to bile-fistula rats leads within hours to severe hepatocellular necrosis and cholestasis; simultaneous administration of conjugates of ursodeoxycholate, either intraduodenally or intravenously, reduces or prevents liver injury. To evaluate the short-term protective effects of ursodeoxycholate at the cellular level, we incubated primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes or freshly isolated washed human erythrocytes for 1 to 240 min with varying defined concentrations of different bile salts in the presence or absence of ursodeoxycholate. Cytolysis was quantified by measuring the release into the medium of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase (hepatocytes) or hemoglobin (erythrocytes). In both systems, cytolysis increased sigmoidally with increasing bile salt concentration, and the relative toxicity of different bile salts proceeded in the following order: tauroursodeoxycholate was less toxic than taurocholate, which was less toxic than taurodeoxycholate. Taurochenodeoxycholate was more toxic to erythrocytes than taurodeoxycholate; the two were equally toxic to rat hepatocytes. Unconjugated bile salts were more toxic than their conjugates. The addition of tauroursodeoxycholate to taurochenodeoxycholate or taurodeoxycholate led to time-dependent and concentration-dependent reduction or elimination of the toxicity of the more hydrophobic component. Protection was evident within minutes. With respect to hemolysis, at pH 8.5 glyco was less protective than tauroursodeoxycholate, and free ursodeoxycholate was only minimally protective. We conclude that the hepatocytotoxicity of hydrophobic bile salts at millimolar concentrations is markedly reduced in the presence of tauroursodeoxycholate. Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate also prevented disruption of erythrocytes by bile salts, suggesting that protection does not depend on liver-specific pathways of bile salt uptake, compartmentation, transport or metabolism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A novel nonelectrolytic process for chromium and nickel coating (2015)

The use of hexavalent chromium in metal coating operations, as per electrolytic processing, is subject to increasingly restrictive regulations due to its carcinogenic and toxic properties. Yet, these coatings are critical for corrosion resistance in aircraft parts such as hydraulic systems. This has led to many efforts to find high quality non-electrolytic coating processes. The guiding hypothesis of this work was that a version of the Reduction Expansion Synthesis (RES) process, previously used to produce submicron metal particles, could be developed to create metal coating. This study involved the production of coatings by a variety of RES-like protocols, based on mixing metal nitrates, urea, and sometimes other reagents with uncoated metal wires, then heating (ca. 900 C) in an inert atmosphere. The primary tools employed to study the coatings were optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive x-ray microprobe. The first protocol created essentially a carbon surface layer. This was mitigated in later protocols, and the coatings contained the desired metals. However, the coating morphology was imperfect and contained impurities. Clearly, metal can be deposited with RES like processes, but further development will be needed to create metal layers of acceptable quality.
Effect of Zr/Ti stoichiometry ratio on the ferroelectric properties of sol-gel derived PZT films (2003)

A series of sol-gel-derived PZT (lead zirconate titanate) films with Zr:Ti ratios of 100:0, 94:6, 80:20, 65:35, 53:47, 35:65, 20:80, and 0:100 was prepared on platinized Si wafers. The precursor chemistries were based on lead acetate and Zr/Ti alkoxides containing the appropriate amounts of cations in the required stoichiometries. Excess PbO was incorporated to compensate for PbO loss during processing. Films were fired to 700 degrees C where they were all single-phase perovskite as determined by XRD (X-ray diffraction). Microlithography was performed to obtain Pt-PZT-Pt monolithic capacitors with 130- mu m by 130- mu m electrode pads. The ferroelectric properties on these pads were measured along with the leakage characteristics. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the PZT films were found to be highly dependent on composition and processing conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
INDUCTION OF TOLERANCE TO SKIN ALLOGRAFTS BY INTRATHYMIC INJECTION OF DONOR SPLENOCYTES (1995)

Transplantation is published monthly and is the most cited and influential journal in the field, with more than 25,000 citations per year. The journal celebrated its 50th year in 2016. Transplantation has been the trusted source for extensive and timely coverage of the most important advances in transplantation. The Editors and Editorial Board are an international group of research and clinical leaders that includes many pioneers of the field, representing a diverse range of areas of expertise. This capable editorial team provides thoughtful and thorough peer review, and delivers rapid, careful and insightful editorial evaluation of all manuscripts submitted to the journal.
Optimization of a dual echo in the steady state (DESS) free‐precession sequence for imaging cartilage (1996)

Three-dimensional (3D) MR imaging of the knee is useful to detect cartilage abnormalities, although the tissue contrast in 3D gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequences such as gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state (GRASS) or fast low-angle shot (FLASH) is poor. T2 contrast can be added to a GRASS sequence by combining the signals from the first and second gradient echoes, which form immediately after and immediately before each radio frequency (RF) pulse in a 3D GRE sequence. We have optimized a 3D dual echo in the steady state (DESS) sequence, which produces one averaged image from the two echoes, for use in the detection of articular cartilage abnormalities. In the optimization process, we examined the imaging parameters of flip angle (alpha), repetition time (TR), echo time (TE), and bandwidth to maximize the contrast between cartilage and joint fluid. A theoretical simulation of the sequence was confirmed with experiments conducted on phantoms with known T1 and T2. On the basis of theoretical predictions and experiments using healthy volunteers, we determined that an optimized sequence with a bandwidth of 98 Hz per pixel, TR of 30 msec, a TE of 7.1 msec, and an alpha of 60 degrees produced the highest contrast between cartilage and fluid within a defined acquisition time of 6 minutes. Additional contrast was obtained by filtering the second-echo image to eliminate noise before adding it to the first-echo image.