gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alternative Stimulation Fluids and Their Impact on Carbonate Acidizing (1996)

Abstract Conventional matrix acidizing treatments rely on hydrochloric acid to stimulate carbonate formations. However, the success of these treatments is often limited because of rapid acid spending at low injection rates and asphaltic sludge precipitation. This study investigated ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as an alternative stimulation fluid. Results show that EDTA can effectively wormhole in limestone, even when injected at moderate or non-acidic pH values (4 to 13) and at low flow rates where only face dissolution would occur with HC1. Stimulation with EDTA at low injection rates is consistent with the dependence of the wormhole structure on the Damköhler number for flow and reaction. Sludge tests show that EDTA does not induce the precipitation of asphaltic sludge from crude oil, even in the presence of 3000 ppm of ferric iron. This result is attributed to EDTA being able to form stable chelates with ferric and ferrous iron.
Fuzzy query by example (2018)

This paper describes Fuzzy Query By Example, an approach helping users retrieve data without any prior knowledge of the database schema or any formal querying language. The user is solicited to evaluate, in a binary way, pre-selected items of the database. We provide a characterization-based strategy that identifies the properties shared by the examples (resp. counter-examples) positively (resp. negatively) evaluated by the user. These properties are expressed using linguistic terms from a fuzzy vocabulary to ensure that the user has a good understanding of the inferred query.
Hormonal therapy for stage D cancer of the prostate. (1994)

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is the most common malignant neoplasm occurring in men. About half of patients present with metastatic disease. The mainstay of the treatment of stage D cancer of the prostate is hormonal therapy. Bilateral simple orchiectomy remains the gold standard with which other therapies must be compared. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues and antiandrogens are now most commonly used but are costly. Initiating hormonal therapy immediately on diagnosing metastatic disease appears to have some advantage over delaying therapy until a patient is symptomatic. Total androgen blockade also appears to be beneficial in terms of survival but at high cost.
Naltrexone for treatment of acral lick dermatitis in dogs (1990)

Acral lick dermatitis (lick granuloma) was diagnosed in 11 dogs on the basis of history, physical examination, and histopathologic findings. A predilection for the left forelimb was noticed. All 11 dogs were given the narcotic antagonist naltrexone. Successful treatment (cessation of licking, reepithelialization of lesions) was seen in 7 dogs. All 7 dogs' lesions recurred when naltrexone was stopped, but reepithelialized in 5 dogs when the drug was readministered. Adverse effects (drowsiness, withdrawal from owner) were seen in 1 dog, but resolved within 48 hours of stopping the drug.
Accurate Power Efficiency Estimation of GHz Wireless Delta-Sigma Transmitters for Different Classes of Switching Mode Power Amplifiers (2010)

This paper proposes a new closed-form expression for computing the power efficiency of delta-sigma (DS) radio frequency (RF) transmitters. Due to the large bandwidth of the pulsewidth modulated (PWM) signal at the output of the DS modulator, the peak efficiency of the power amplifier (PA) when driven by a PWM signal is considerably different than its peak efficiency when the input signal is a continuous sine wave. A weight averaging of the efficiency over the frequency bandwidth of the PWM signal is considered for accurate estimation and prediction of the power efficiency of DS RF transmitters. It is shown that, for a low-pass DS transmitter, the overall average power efficiency of the DS transmitter can be accurately estimated by the product of the modulated peak efficiency of the PA and the coding efficiency of the modulator. For bandpass DS transmitters, an additional parameter that accounts for the duty cycle effect on the efficiency of switching-mode PAs has to be considered. To validate the new proposed expression, a DS transmitter for WiMAX, CDMA and EDGE standards is designed, prototyped and tested. The comparison of the simulated and measured efficiencies of the DS transmitter proves the validity and accuracy of the proposed expression.
Efficacy and comfort of olopatadine versus ketotifen ophthalmic solutions: a double-masked, environmental study of patient preference (2004)

In this study, patients preferred to use the anti-allergy eye drop olopatadine over ketotifen after using both drops and evaluating relative efficacy and comfort during the course of four weeks. A significantly greater percentage of the patients preferred to use olopatadine during the study period, found it more efficacious and comfortable, and would select olopatadine if visiting their doctor's office during allergy season.
Compressed sensing for chemical shift‐based water–fat separation (2010)

Multi echo chemical shift-based water-fat separation methods allow for uniform fat suppression in the presence of main field inhomogeneities. However, these methods require additional scan time for chemical shift encoding. This work presents a method for water-fat separation from undersampled data (CS-WF), which combines compressed sensing and chemical shift-based water-fat separation. Undersampling was applied in the k-space and in the chemical shift encoding dimension to reduce the total scanning time. The method can reconstruct high quality water and fat images in 2D and 3D applications from undersampled data. As an extension, multipeak fat spectral models were incorporated into the CS-WF reconstruction to improve the water-fat separation quality. In 3D MRI, reduction factors of above three can be achieved, thus fully compensating the additional time needed in three-echo water-fat imaging. The method is demonstrated on knee and abdominal in vivo data.
Growing Skull Fracture After Cranial Vault Reshaping in Infancy (1998)

Growing skull fractures are reported in three infants undergoing cranial vault surgery for craniosynostosis. Although primary dural injury was overt in only one patient, an extensive dural defect with spatially coincident bony absence was identified in all patients at late exploration. The coincidence of dural injury, deficient overlying bone, and a pulsatile growing brain are necessary conditions for the development of growing skull fractures. With the advent of increasingly radical cranial vault procedures during infancy, the potential for this complication to arise may increase. Definitive correction requires autogenous tissue reconstruction of the dural and bony defect.
Debugging multithreaded programs with MPD (1991)

MPD, a multiprocessor debugger, is described. In MPD, users specify sequential or parallel event (breakpoint) expressions and associated actions; MPD automatically generates code to recognize these patterns of events and invokes the corresponding actions when the event expressions are satisfied during the program execution. The richness of the expression-specification language gives users a great deal of precision in formulating queries, obviating tedious searches through long traces of multithreaded software. Implementation issues are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of Probes for Cellular Functions Using Fluorescent Proteins and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (2011)

Many genetically encoded probes that employ fluorescent proteins and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) have been developed to better understand the spatiotemporal regulation of various cellular processes. The different types of FRET and measurement techniques necessitate characterization of their specific features. Here I provide theoretical and practical comparisons of bimolecular and unimolecular FRET constructs, intensity-based and lifetime-based FRET measurements, FRET imaging using live- and fixed-cell samples, green fluorescent protein-based and chemical fluorophore-based FRET, and FRET efficiency and indices. The potential benefits and limitations of a variety of features in the technologies using fluorescent proteins and FRET are discussed.
The Mode of Action of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Preparation (PK10169) and Two of its Major Components on Thrombin Generation in Plasma (1989)

We studied the mode of action of the low molecular weight heparin PK10169 and two of its constituent fractions: EMT 966 High Molecular Weight Fraction and EMT 967 Low Molecular Weight Fraction. EMT 966 like standard heparin, acts primarily on thrombin formed and not on prothrombinase (S type heparin). In contrast EMT 967 has no direct effect on thrombin. At high concentrations, it inhibits the prothrombinase complex (P type heparin). PK10169, that contains the two EMTs shows both activities: antithrombin and antiprothrombinase (mixed type heparin). The addition of increasing amounts of EMT 967 to a constant amount of EMT 966 does not influence the breakdown constant of endogenous thrombin which is determined by the concentration of EMT 966 only. This demonstrates the absence of competition for AT III between the two components of PK10169. In platelet rich plasma, EMT 966 inhibits and postpones thrombin generation more efficiently than unfractionated heparin, probably because it is less sensitive to neutralization by platelet components (platelet factor 4). Amounts of EMT 967 that hardly inhibit thrombin generation in platelet rich plasma enhance the effect of EMT 966 probably by neutralizing platelet factor 4.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF MONODISPERSED SPHERICAL‐COLLOIDAL PARTICLES OF ZINC SULFIDE (1984)

Abstract ZnS‐Keime (′seeds′) wurden durch Fällung bei Alterung einer Lösung von 0.024 (mol/I) Zn(NO,)3, 0.062ger l I Thioacetamid bei 26°C in 5 h erhalten.
One teflon<sup>®</sup>-like channelled nanoporous polymer with a chiral and new uninodal 4-connected net: sorption and catalytic properties (2005)

Zn(C17H8F6O4) is the first example of a fluoro-lined nanotube organo-inorganic 3D polymeric chiral structure, which possesses two different types of isolated channels, one of them being laid out with a double spiral of CF3-groups from the ligand molecule; the structure is a new uninodal 4-connected net that only exists when bent ligands connect the centres, and the compound exhibits selective sorption and catalytic chiral recognition properties.
Wettability Challenges in Carbonate Reservoirs (2010)

Abstract Injection of water for pressure maintenance and waterflooding applications is becoming an increasingly important issue. Historically, the total suspended solids of the water were given more consideration rather than the total dissolved solids. The water from injection wells physically sweeps the displaced oil to adjacent production wells. Displacement of the oil is highly affected by many interacting variables. Wettability has been recognized as one of the controlling parameters of the remaining oil-in-place. Brine salinity, oil chemistry, and rock lithology are believed to play a significant role on altering rock wettability. Recent studies highlted that low salinity water can increase oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs. This paper highlights extensive wettability studies to determine the optimum brine salinity, which results in higher oil recovery. Contact angle and Amott imbibition methods are considered as the most common methods to measure the preferential affinity of reservoir rocks. Crude oil, formation core samples (dolomite, and calcite), and synthetic brines from Middle East (formation, aquifer, and seawater) are used to evaluate wettability quantitatively, and qualitatively. All experiments were conducted at high pressure (up to 2,000 psia), and elevated temperature (up to 270°F). Contact angle decreased with pressure, and temperature upto 194°F. The optimum salinity is found that can enhance the rock wettability toward water-wet. Currently, there is confusion concerning the optimum brine salinity for injection wells. The results of this study give a new insight on the optimum salinity and provide better understanding of some wettability challenges in carbonate reservoirs.
On the Realization of 3-D Binaural Audio Synthesis in Real Time (1997)

We present a real time DSP implementation of a novel binaural sound synthesis system designed for natural and realistic sound reproduction by means of headphones. The application area is multi media and virtual reality. The processing system is designed such that a sound source can be simulated on several spatial positions around the listener. Also moving sources and binaural reverberation are treated. Keywords--- Binaural sound synthesis, virtual reality. I. Introduction In localization of audio sources the human observer uses the Inter-aural Time Delay (ITD) between the left and right ear, but also the directional dependent spectral filtering by the ears. The directional dependent spectral filtering of a free propagating sound wave before reaching the ear drum is denoted by the Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF). The use of HRTFs in binaural audio synthesis suffers from several problems. Well known effects are In Head Localization (IHL) and erroneous estimation of azimuth /elev...
Multibit Gates for Quantum Computing (2001)

We present a general technique to implement products of many qubit operators communicating via a joint harmonic oscillator degree of freedom in a quantum computer. By conditional displacements and rotations we can implement Hamiltonians which are trigonometric functions of qubit operators. With such operators we can effectively implement higher order gates such as Toffoli gates and C(n)-NOT gates, and we show that the entire Grover search algorithm can be implemented in a direct way.
Multi-step continuous-flow synthesis (2017)

Organic chemistry is continually evolving to improve the syntheses of value added and bioactive compounds. Through this progression, a concomitant advancement in laboratory technology has occurred. Many researchers now choose to mediate transformations in continuous-flow systems given the many benefits over round bottom flasks. Furthermore, reaction scale up is often less problematic as this is addressed at the inception of the science. Although single-step transformations in continuous-flow systems are common, multi-step transformations are more valuable. In these systems, molecular complexity is accrued through sequential transformations to a mobile scaffold, much like an in vitro version of Nature's polyketide synthases. Utilizing this methodology, multi-step continuous-flow systems have improved the syntheses of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), natural products, and commodity chemicals. This Review details these advancements while highlighting the rapid progress, benefits, and diversification of this expanding field.
Nonreciprocal Light Propagation in a Silicon Photonic Circuit (2011)

Optical communications and computing require on-chip nonreciprocal light propagation to isolate and stabilize different chip-scale optical components. We have designed and fabricated a metallic-silicon waveguide system in which the optical potential is modulated along the length of the waveguide such that nonreciprocal light propagation is obtained on a silicon photonic chip. Nonreciprocal light transport and one-way photonic mode conversion are demonstrated at the wavelength of 1.55 micrometers in both simulations and experiments. Our system is compatible with conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processing, providing a way to chip-scale optical isolators for optical communications and computing.
Quantifying Information Transfer Through a Head-Attached Vibrotactile Display: Principles for Design and Control (2012)

Vibrotactile displays can extend the perception capabilities of visually impaired persons. Placing such devices on the head promises easy attachment and detachment without reducing other interaction abilities. However, the effectiveness of head-attached vibrotactile displays has never been thoroughly tested. This paper presents the results obtained from experiments with 22 subjects equipped with a display containing 12 coin-type motors equally spaced in a horizontal plane around the upper head region. Our display allowed single- as well as multimotor activation with up to six simultaneously active motors. We identified the minimum and comfort strength of vibrotactile stimulation, and measured the precision in perceiving the accurate number of active motors as well as the precision in localizing the stimuli on the head. While subjects identified the correct number of active motors in 94% of the cases when presented with only one active motor, this precision dropped to 40% for two and down to 5% for five simultaneously active motors. This strongly suggests to avoid multipoint stimulation even though the precision of localizing a position of a stimulus on the head is barely affected by the number of simultaneously active motors. Localization precision, however, varied significantly with the region of the head suggesting that the most front and back regions of the head should be avoided if high precision is required.
A performability model for soft real-time systems (1994)

Presents a simple model that combines the failure to meet deadlines with hardware/software failures in computing the reliability of a real-time system. We define the performability as the probability of meeting deadlines by real-time tasks in the presence of hardware and software failures. Deadline-driven schedules rely on worst-case task execution time. This may be necessary for hard real-time systems, where missed deadlines can be very costly. For soft real-time systems (where a missed deadline is not catastrophic), using worst-case task execution times leads to very inefficient use of processing resources. This is particularly true when worst-case execution occurs very infrequently. Our performability analysis permits task schedules to slide (i.e. require more time than predicted). The amount of slack allowed by the task deadlines can be varied to achieve a desired performability. We are developing a tool that empirically calculates the performability for a task system with specified task profiles and reliability system components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptive Data Partitioning Using Probability Distribution (2003)

Many computing problems benefit from dynamic data partitioning---dividing a large amount of data into smaller chunks with better locality. When data can be sorted, two methods are commonly used in partitioning. The first selects pivots, which enable balanced partitioning but cause a large overhead of up to half of the sorting time. The second method uses simple functions, which is fast but requires that the input data confirm to a uniform distribution. In this paper, we propose a new method, which partitions data using the cumulative distribution function. It partitions data of any distribution in linear time, independent to the number of sublists to be partitioned into. Experiments show 10-30% improvement in partitioning balance and 20-70% reduction in partitioning overhead. The new method is more scalable than existing methods. It yields greater benefit when the data set and the number of sub-lists grow larger. By applying this method, our sequential sorting beats Quick-sorting by 20% and parallel sorting exceeds the previous sorting algorithm by 33-50%.
Evaluation of a Non-Cell Based Extracorporeal Liver Support Device in an Animal Model of Hepatic Failure (2001)

Background: Clearance of toxins, that have been implicated as a cause of hepatic encephalopathy and cerebral edema, has been proven effective in vitro, using a non-cell based extracorporeal liver support device (ECHS), which utilizes hemodiafiltration with an albumin dialysate.
Upper-Extremity Transplantation Using a Cell-Based Protocol to Minimize Immunosuppression (2012)

Our data suggest that this BM cell-based treatment protocol is safe, is well tolerated, and allows upper-extremity transplantation using low-dose tacrolimus monotherapy.
Evaluation of Measles Vaccine Virus as a Vector to Deliver Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein or Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoprotein gp350 (2012)

Live attenuated recombinant measles vaccine virus (MV) Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) strain was evaluated as a viral vector to express the ectodomains of fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV F) or glycoprotein 350 of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV gp350) as candidate vaccines for prophylaxis of RSV and EBV. The glycoprotein gene was inserted at the 1(st) or the 3(rd) position of the measles virus genome and the recombinant viruses were generated. Insertion of the foreign gene at the 3(rd) position had a minimal impact on viral replication in vitro. RSV F or EBV gp350 protein was secreted from infected cells. In cotton rats, EZ-RSV F and EZ-EBV gp350 induced MV- and insert-specific antibody responses. In addition, both vaccines also induced insert specific interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secreting T cell response. EZ-RSV F protected cotton rats from pulmonary replication of RSV A2 challenge infection. In rhesus macaques, although both EZ-RSV F and EZ-EBV gp350 induced MV specific neutralizing antibody responses, only RSV F specific antibody response was detected. Thus, the immunogenicity of the foreign antigens delivered by measles vaccine virus is dependent on the nature of the insert and the animal models used for vaccine evaluation.
A real-time dynamic simulation tool for transmission and distribution power systems (2013)

ePHASORsim tool offers real-time dynamic simulations for transmission and distribution power systems. Applications such as contingency studies, testing control devices, operator training, and SCADA system tests are examples for employing this tool. This paper describes the hardware and software architecture of the ePHASORsim and its development. The accuracy of the tool has been evaluated in comparison to other commercial, but non-real-time, simulation packages for both transmission and distribution systems. Its real-time performance has been tested with a time-step of 10ms on a real-time simulator for large-scale power systems in the order of 20000 buses, 5000 generators, and over 9000 control devices.
Induction of anti-DNA antibody with DNA–peptide complexes (2000)

Spontaneous anti-DNA antibodies in autoimmune mice have the characteristics of antibodies produced by antigen-specific, clonally selective B cell stimulation. The nature of the somatically derived antibody variable region structures recurrent among spontaneous anti-DNA antibodies suggests that DNA or DNA-protein complexes may provide the antigenic stimulus for autoimmune anti-DNA antibody. Previously we have demonstrated that native mammalian DNA in complexes with an immunogenic DNA-binding peptide Fus1 from Trypanosoma cruzi can induce anti-DNA antibody in mice not genetically prone to autoimmune disease. The induced anti-DNA has similar specificity, structure and immunopathological function as autoimmune anti-DNA. The present experiments were designed to further characterize the immune response to DNA-peptide complexes. There was considerable variation in the antibody responses of mice from different strains to DNA-Fus1 immunizations. The range was from virtually no response in C57BL/6 mice to most robust responses in NZW mice. The full-length 52 amino acid carboxy-extension protein of ubiquitin (CEP) in T. cruzi (TCEP) protein from which Fus1 was derived functions equally well as an immunogenic carrier for DNA. Anti-DNA responses were generally weak even though anti-Fus1 and anti-TCEP responses were very strong. The results are discussed with respect to the contrasting roles of T cell help and peripheral B cell tolerance in controlling immune and autoimmune antibody responses to DNA.