gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimodal human centric object recognition framework for personal robots (2014)

In this paper we focus on a perception system for cognitive interaction between robots and humans especially for learning to recognize objects in household environments. Therefore we propose a novel three layered framework for object learning to bridge the gap between the robot's recognition capabilities at lower neural level to the higher cognitive level of humans using the weighted fusion of multimodal sources like chromatic, structure and spatial information. In the first layer we propose the grounding of the raw sensory information into semantic concepts for each modality. We obtain a semantic color representation by using SLIC super-pixeling followed by a mapping learned from online images using a PLSA model. This results in a probability distribution over basic color names derived from cognitive linguistic studies. To represent structural information, we propose to cluster the ESF features obtained from Pointcloud data into primitive shape categories. This primitive shape knowledge is learned and expanded from the robot's experience. For spatial information a metric map from the navigation system, demarcated into landmark locations is used. All these semantic representations are compliant with a human's description of his environment and further used in the second layer to generate probabilistic knowledge about the objects using random forest classifiers. In the third layer, we propose a novel weighted fusion of the obtained object probabilities, where the weights are derived from the prior experience of the robot. We evaluate our system in realistic domestic conditions provided at a Robocup@Home setting.
Parallel Push-Pull Hybrid Circuit (1962)

This paper deals with a new hybrid circuit for signal branching or combining in parallel push-pull amplifiers. The purpose of the new hybrid circuit is to perform the branching or combining of two pairs of signals for parallel push-pull operation, each consisting of two oppositely phased, balanced signals. The advantage of combining two pairs of parallel push-pull signals by a single component of new hybrid circuit is clear; one would require a multiplicity of conventional rat-race circuits to do the same job, inasmuch as the basic rat-race circuit is limited to only one pair of push-pull signals. The new hybrid circuit is further elaborated to improve the performance for combining unbalanced push-pull signals by: (1) showing that the combination of unbalanced push-pull signals is equivalent to the super-position of cophase components on the balanced antiphase components; (2) analyzing the effect of the cophase components in the hybrid circuit; and (3) devising means of improving the adverse effects of the cophase components. Finally, an evaluation is made of a parallel push-pull amplifier using the new hybrid circuit in comparison with the conventional rat-race circuits required for the same parallel push-pull operation.
Multispectral Image Acquisition and Simulation of Illuminant Changes (1998)

In this chapter we describe a system for the acquisition of multispectral images using a CCD camera with carefully selected optical filters. We further present an application where the acquired multispectral images are used to simulate the image of a scene as it would have appeared under a given illuminant. For this application, the use of multispectral images is found to yield a much higher accuracy compared to traditional methods using only three-channel colour images.
Improved Synthesis of Aryltrialkoxysilanes via Treatment of Aryl Grignard or Lithium Reagents with Tetraalkyl Orthosilicates (2004)

General reaction conditions for the synthesis of aryl(trialkoxy)silanes from aryl Grignard and lithium reagents and tetraalkyl orthosilicates (Si(OR)(4)) have been developed. Ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted bromoarenes underwent efficient metalation and silylation at low temperature to provide aryl siloxanes. Mixed results were obtained with heteroaromatic substrates: 3-bromothiophene, 3-bromo-4-methoxypyridine, 5-bromoindole, and N-methyl-5-bromoindole underwent silylation in good yield, whereas a low yield of siloxane was obtained from 2-bromofuran, and 2-bromopyridine failed to give silylated product. The synthesis of siloxanes via organolithium and magnesium reagents was limited by the formation of di- and triarylated silanes (Ar(2)Si(OR)(2) and Ar(3)SiOR, respectively) and dehalogenated (Ar-H) byproducts. Silylation at low temperature gave predominantly monoaryl siloxanes, without requiring a large excess of the electrophile. Optimal reaction conditions for the synthesis of siloxanes from aryl Grignard reagents entailed addition of arylmagnesium reagents to 3 equiv of tetraethyl- or tetramethyl orthosilicate at -30 degrees C in THF. Aryllithium species were silylated using 1.5 equiv of tetraethyl- or tetramethyl orthosilicate at -78 degrees C in ether.
E2020 — The Pharmacology of a Piperidine Cholinesterase Inhibitor (1991)

Alzheimer’s disease is associated with a relative decrease in the activity of the cholinergic system in the cerebral cortex and other areas of the brain (Bowen, 1981). This discovery has led to the development of agents designed to increase cholinergic function in the CNS. One such group of agents, the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors, increase the concentration of acetylcholine (ACh) by inhibiting one or more of the enzymes which hydrolyze it, i.e, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE).
Agent-Oriented Privacy-Based Information Brokering Architecture for Healthcare Environments (2009)

Healthcare industry is facing a major reform at all levels-locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally. Healthcare services and systems become very complex and comprise of a vast number of components (software systems, doctors, patients, etc.) that are characterized by shared, distributed and heterogeneous information sources with varieties of clinical and other settings. The challenge now faced with decision making, and management of care is to operate effectively in order to meet the information needs of healthcare personnel. Currently, researchers, developers, and systems engineers are working toward achieving better efficiency and quality of service in various sectors of healthcare, such as hospital management, patient care, and treatment. This paper presents a novel information brokering architecture that supports privacy-based information gathering in healthcare. Architecturally, the brokering is viewed as a layer of services where a brokering service is modeled as an agent with a specific architecture and interaction protocol that are appropriate to serve various requests. Within the context of brokering, we model privacy in terms of the entities ability to hide or reveal information related to its identities, requests, and/or capabilities. A prototype of the proposed architecture has been implemented to support information-gathering capabilities in healthcare environments using FIPA-complaint platform JADE.
Efficient identity-based threshold decryption scheme from bilinear pairings. (2012)

Taking advantage of a technique that allows to safely distribute a private key among decryption servers we introduce a new identity-based threshold scheme, proven secure in the random oracle model. This new paring-based scheme features a lot of improvements compared to other schemes that can be found in the literature. Among them the two most noticeable ones are, the e ciency, by drasticaly reducing the number of pairing computations, and the ability for a user to generate and share a private key without requiring any access to a PKG.
Contextual Policy Optimisation. (2018)

Policy gradient methods have been successfully applied to a variety of
reinforcement learning tasks. However, while learning in a simulator, these
methods do not utilise the opportunity to improve learning by adjusting certain
environment variables: unobservable state features that are randomly determined
by the environment in a physical setting, but that are controllable in a
simulator. This can lead to slow learning, or convergence to highly suboptimal
policies. In this paper, we present contextual policy optimisation (CPO). The
central idea is to use Bayesian optimisation to actively select the
distribution of the environment variable that maximises the improvement
generated by each iteration of the policy gradient method. To make this
Bayesian optimisation practical, we contribute two easy-to-compute
low-dimensional fingerprints of the current policy. We apply CPO to a number of
continuous control tasks of varying difficulty and show that CPO can
efficiently learn policies that are robust to significant rare events, which
are unlikely to be observable under random sampling but are key to learning
good policies.
New matching pursuit based sinusoidal modelling method for audio coding (2004)

A new method is proposed to improve sinusoidal modelling based on energy-adaptive matching pursuits. To reduce the complexity of the algorithm, an over-complete dictionary composed of complex exponentials is used and an efficient implementation is presented. An analysis–synthesis windows scheme that avoids overlapping is also proposed. For efficient quantisation of sinusoidal model parameters, a new algorithm that significantly reduces the side information required by the decoder is described. Experimental results show the excellent performance of the proposed method for sinusoidal modelling compared to some others that are integrated into multiparts models for low bit rate audio coding applications.
Design of 3-Bit Digital RF Phase Shifter for Wireless Communication (2019)

In this paper, a 3-bit digital phase shifter based on switched transmission line technique using coplanar waveguide is proposed. The design has the resonant frequency of 10 GHz which can be used in wireless communication applictaions. Recent developments in radio frequency components development has raised as a significant way for constructing low loss phase shifters. MEMS phase shifters whose insertion loss is low and high isolation uses minimum power. This helps to bring low cost and light weighted phased array antennas. The transmission line length and wavelength decides the characteristics of phase shift. The phase shifter design consists of coplanar waveguides having center conductor width of 100μm and the gap of 14 μm on a FR-4 epoxy substrate with thickness of 1.6mm. The design is simulated using ADS to yield phase shift of 45, 90 and 180. The benefits of digital phase shifters include achieving flat phase over a wide bandwidth as well as having higher power handling and linearity with uniform performance. The phase shifters are used in different fields which includes microwave devices, feeder of radio system, phased array antenna, coherent radio system, etc.
Species variability in boron requirement is correlated with cell wall pectin (1996)

Fourteen species of crop plants which differ in their reported tissue boron requirements were grown in B-replete or B-deficient medium. Leaf samples were collected and analysed for B and cell wall components. There was a significant positive correlation among the species between B concentration in the leaf or the cell wall and uronic acid, rhamnose and galactose (indicative of pectin) in the cell wall. The concentration of cell wall pectin was also positivety related with reported tissue-B requirements and observed sensitivity to B deficiency. Boron deficiency did not alter the amount of uronic acid present in cell walls, suggesting that there was no effect of B deficiency on pectin metabolism. Under B-deficient conditions the amount of ‘soluble’ B (i.e. B not associated with the cell wall) declined dramatically while the proportion of cellular B that was ‘insoluble’ (i.e. B associated with the cell wall) increased. The positive relationship between pectin content, insoluble B and tissue-B requirement of diverse species suggests that the amount of cell wall pectin may be significant in determining the relative tissue-B requirements of the species. These results indicate that either (1) species with high cell wall pectin contents require greater amounts of B for the construction of the cell wall, or (2) pectin in cell walls forms an insoluble complex with B, thereby reducing its availability for other putative B-requiring metabolic functions. Thus, species with a high pectin content would have a higher tissue-B requirement.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands as potential therapeutics (2005)

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) belong to a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels. Neuronal nAChRs are involved in a variety of complex cognitive processes (learning and memory) and therefore in CNS disorders. These include, for example, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourette’s syndrome, schizophrenia, depression, pain and tobacco dependence. Thus, nAChRs present a rational target for the treatment of these pathological processes. Over the past years an increasing number of ligands, especially for the α4β2 subtype has been synthesised. Recent developments reveal increased interest in α7 ligands for the treatment of CNS diseases as well as for pain and inflammation. Unfortunately, only a few companies provide biological data in detail, especially regarding subtype selectivity and functionality. This review provides an overview of the recent patent literature focusing mainly on small molecule ligands.
Molecular Characterization of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate 3-Hydroxylase of Escherichia coli (1994)

cells that express exclusively hpaB showed only a very low hydroxylase activity that was enhanced in the presence of extracts containing the smallest protein HpaC. This behavior resembles that of the coupling protein of the 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase from Pseudomonas putida, and it might prevent the wasteful oxidation of NADH in the absence of substrate. Using a promoter-probe plasmid we have demonstrated that the hpaBC operon is expressed by a promoter inducible by 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.
Survival of adult islet grafts from transgenic pigs with N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase‐III (GnT‐III) in cynomolgus monkeys (2005)

A reduction in xenoantigenicity by GnT-III may have prolonged the survival of porcine islets, suggesting the importance of non-alpha-Gal and non-H-D antigens, as they relate to N-linked sugars in the early rejection of porcine islets in the monkey. This approach may be useful in the clinical xenotransplantation of islets in the future.
Cdma downlink interference suppression using i/q projection (2003)

Interference suppression at the receiver can be used to improve performance and capacity in the downlink of direct-sequence code-division multiple-access systems. In this paper, an interference suppression technique is developed which uses partial knowledge of spreading sequences to cancel a group of interfering signals. Specifically, knowledge of a complex scrambling sequence is used to project the desired signal away from the interference in the in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) complex plane. A maximum likelihood receiver formulation is used, treating both the desired signal and interference as being conditionally noncircular. A zero-forcing equalization approach is used to preserve orthogonality between signals from the same base station. The development of the technique is based on the assumption that the group of signals corresponds to another base station that does not transmit the signal of interest. However, the technique is also applied to the path diversity scenario (dispersion, soft handoff, transmit delay diversity), in which the group of interfering signals includes a desired signal component. The approach, referred to as I/Q projection, provides significant gains when performance is interference limited.
Microencapsulation (2000)

Abstract Thies, Curt (Washington University). This article discusses the concept of microencapsulation, many processes by which microcapsules are produced, and a number of microcapsule applications. Nomenclature and selected materials used to form microcapsules are summarized briefly. Encapsulation processes discussed include complex coacervation, polymer–polymer incompatibility, interfacial and in situ polymerization, solvent evaporation, extractive drying, submerged stationary nozzle and centrifugal nozzle, spray drying, fluidized bed, and rotational suspension separation. Microcapsule applications discussed include graphic arts such as carbonless copy paper, prolonged herbicides and insecticides, oral and injectable pharmaceuticals, live cell immobilization for biomedical and biotechnological applications, enhanced performance of food ingredients such as flavors and vitamins, and several general consumer uses such as cosmetics and adhesives.
Myocardial imaging in man with I-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine. (1981)

Meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine (m-[123I]IBG), a guanethidine analog, was used to image the myocardium in five normal male volunteers. Each subject received 2.0 mCi m-[123I]IBG intravenously. Four were given a bolus injection. Multiple myocardial scintigrams were obtained over a 2-hr period. Myocardial uptake was calculated by dividing the decay-corrected global myocardial count rate (after interpolated background correction) by the peak count rate during the first passage of the m-[123I]IBG bolus through the heart. The left ventricle could be visualized within 1-2 min of m-[123I]IBG injection. Mean myocardial uptake was 0.63% (range 0.45-0.78%) of injected dose at 5 min, and 0.76% (range 0.49-0.93%) at 2 hr (n = 4). m-[123I]IBG may provide quantitative information on myocardial catecholamine content.
Pauli-Heisenberg Oscillations in Electron Quantum Transport (2015)

We measure the current fluctuations emitted by a normal-metal-insulator-normal-metal tunnel junction with a very wide bandwidth, from 0.3 to 13 GHz, down to very low temperature T=35 mK. This allows us to perform the spectroscopy (i.e., measure the frequency dependence) of thermal noise (no dc bias, variable temperature) and shot noise (low temperature, variable dc voltage bias). Because of the very wide bandwidth of our measurement, we deduce the current-current correlator in the time domain. We observe the thermal decay of this correlator as well as its oscillations with a period h/eV, a direct consequence of the effect of the Pauli and Heisenberg principles in quantum electron transport.
A Complete Electron Microscopy Volume of the Brain of Adult Drosophila melanogaster (2018)

Drosophila melanogaster has a rich repertoire of innate and learned behaviors. Its 100,000-neuron brain is a large but tractable target for comprehensive neural circuit mapping. Only electron microscopy (EM) enables complete, unbiased mapping of synaptic connectivity; however, the fly brain is too large for conventional EM. We developed a custom high-throughput EM platform and imaged the entire brain of an adult female fly at synaptic resolution. To validate the dataset, we traced brain-spanning circuitry involving the mushroom body (MB), which has been extensively studied for its role in learning. All inputs to Kenyon cells (KCs), the intrinsic neurons of the MB, were mapped, revealing a previously unknown cell type, postsynaptic partners of KC dendrites, and unexpected clustering of olfactory projection neurons. These reconstructions show that this freely available EM volume supports mapping of brain-spanning circuits, which will significantly accelerate Drosophila neuroscience. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
THz diffuse reflectance spectra of selected explosives and related compounds (2005)

Diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS) technique is extensively used in UV/visible and middle/near infrared for characterizing/analyzing powders and samples with rough surface. In this paper, we report on the DRS investigation of explosives & related compounds in the THz region, which is more difficult because of the limitations of far infrared sources, beam splitters and detectors. We also discussed the penetration depth and the sensitivity for this technique in the THz range. THz diffuse reflectance spectra (50-680 cm<sup>-1</sup>) were taken on a Bruker 66V/S FTIR spectrometer with a Specac diffuse reflectance accessory. A number of explosive and related compounds were investigated in both transmission and diffuse reflectance modes, and a good agreement between transmission and diffuse reflection spectra was demonstrated. Our experimental results show that DRS technique has advantages over transmission spectrum technique, such as better sensitivity and easier sample preparation. Therefore, the THz DRS has the potential for the standoff detection of explosives and related compounds in the real world applications.
Parameter estimation method using an extended Kalman Filter (2007)

Abstract. Fast parameter estimation is a non-trivial task, and it is critical when the system parameters evolve with time, as demanded in real-time control applications. In this study, a new computational approach for parameter identification is proposed based on the application of polynomial chaos theory. The polynomial chaos approach has been shown to be considerably more efficient than Monte Carlo in the simulation of systems with a small number of uncertain parameters. In the framework of this new approach, a (suboptimal) Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used to recalculate the polynomial chaos expansions for the uncertain states and the uncertain parameters. As a case study, the proposed parameter estimation method is applied to a four degree-of-freedom roll plane model of a vehicle for which the vertical stiffnesses of the tires are estimated from periodic observations of the displacements and velocities across the suspensions. The results obtained with this approach are close to the actual values of the parameters. In addition, the EKF approach gives more information about the parameters of interest than a simple estimated value: the estimation comes in the form of a probability density function. The approach presented in this paper has shown great promise for an improvement in the computational efficiency of current parameter estimation methods. Possible applications of
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We report direct observation of the anisotropic electronic behavior of the high-temperature superconductor ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$. Critical-field and critical-current measurements performed on single crystals show anisotropies of 10 and greater. Critical supercurrent densities in favorable directions in single crystals are 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{6}$ A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ in low fields at 4.5 K and remain above ${10}^{6}$ A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ to beyond 40 kG.