gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of His113 and His114 in Pyruvate Decarboxylase from <i>Zymomonas Mobilis</i> (1997)

Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) is one of several enzymes that require thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) and a divalent cation as essential cofactors. Recently, the three-dimensional structures of the enzyme from two yeasts have been determined. While these structures shed light on the binding of the cofactors and the reaction mechanism, the interactions between the substrate pyruvate and the enzyme remain unclear. We have used PDC from Zymomonas mobilis as a model for these enzymes in order to study substrate binding. The recombinant enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli. High yield, simplicity of purification, high stability and simple kinetics make this model well suited for these studies. Activity measurements in the pH range between 5.8 and 8.5 indicated that a His residue may be involved in substrate binding. Analysis of an alignment of all known PDC protein sequences showed two invariant His residues (His113 and His114) which, according to the crystal structure of yeast PDC, are in the vicinity of the active site. Here we demonstrate that replacement of His114 by Gln does not have a great effect on cofactor and substrate binding. However, the k(cat) is decreased indicating that His114 may assist in catalysis. In contrast, substitution of His113 by Gln renders the enzyme completely inactive. This mutant has decreased affinity for both cofactors, as revealed by measurements of tryptophan fluorescence quenching. However, this decreased affinity is insufficient to account for the complete loss of activity. Despite its inability to support overall catalysis, this [Gln113]PDC mutant is capable of releasing acetaldehyde from 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiamin diphosphate supplied exogenously. It is proposed that upon substrate binding, His113 is placed close to C2 of the thiazole ring. Subsequent deprotonation of this atom leads to a conformational change that allows a flexible loop (residues 105-112) that precedes His113 to close over the active site. Hence, replacement of His113 by another residue interferes with this closure of the active site and thus disrupts the catalytic process.
The Era of Artificial Intelligence in Malaysian Higher Education: Impact and Challenges in Tangible Mixed-Reality Learning System toward Self Exploration Education (SEE) (2019)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the creation of a smart machine that has human behaviour and response. AI in the education sector is able to interact, assist, and guide students through Self-Exploration Education (SEE) in Self Determined Learning (SDL) or Heutagogical technique, such as current, but semi-automatic learning systems. Malaysian higher education institutions are forced to adapt to such a radical change in order to stay competitive and fulfill their stakeholder needs. Everyone is born as a genius, with curiosity to explore the environment through experiments. This study examines the effect of SDL on SEE in Tangible Mixed-Reality Learning System until 2030. It does that under two different lenses: First, the effect on the value proposition and the business models of the SDL. Second, it identifies hurdles for the implementation and draws strategic implications for the SDL Tangible Mixed-Reality Learning System. However, in practice, SEE is still very much focused on spreading facts rather than encouraging personal exploration. Conducting exploration of learning in the classroom can be complicated for adult learning or andragogy and is limited by virtue, money and work infrastructure. But what if we can create a middle ground between learning and fiction, the world in which adults learn and explore in ways that may be impossible in real life but still true to the transfer of knowledge? The project is to craft an imaginative and accessible tool to help adults develop scientific minds and practices through self-exploration or Do-it-yourself DIY with a mixed reality learning system that empowers adults to know the invisible and investigate hard through exploration. By 2030 the likeliest scenario is that fully Self-Exploration is solely available for particularly high-value use cases, affecting the value proposition toward provision of education services, an increase of stakeholder and value-centric value propositions fostered by continuous interactions between the Heutagogical technique and the stakeholder.
DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) Stability Test for Liquid Propellants: A Preliminary Report. (1987)

Abstract : The use of a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) for monitoring te stability of HAN based liquid propellants has been investigated. Preliminary experiments have been completed which establish criteria for obtaining reproducible initiation temperatures (T). Careful control of sample size (volume), inert sampling materials and operation at elevated pressure have yielded definitive T(in)S with the lowest standard deviation. Results for 1845 in aluminum pans at 6.9 MPa yielded an average T(in) of 120 C and standard deviation of 4 C, while an average T(in) of 124.8 and standard deviation of 2.4 was obtained for 13 M HAN in the presumably more inert tantalum pans at a somewhat lower pressure (5.2 MPa). Thus, it successfully used to monitor the relative stability of HAN-based propellants. The T(in) values obtained reflect initiation under the DSC conditions with small samples; no extrapolation o the ignition temperature of bulk HAN-based propellant under other conditions is attempted.
Central pontine myelinolysis following rapid correction of hyponatremia (1983)

Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis was experimentally produced in dogs by the rapid correction of severe, sustained, vasopressin-induced hyponatremia. Hyponatremia alone or slowly corrected hyponatremia did not produce the disease. Affected dogs showed rigid quadriparesis. The central pons, lateral aspects of the thalamus and adjacent internal capsules, deep layers of cerebral cortex and subjacent white matter, cerebellum, and other regions were symmetrically involved. Myelin and oligodendroglia were affected out of proportion to axons and neurons. Thus, the clinical features, the distribution of the lesions, and their histological features closely resemble the human disease. These experiments document an electrolyte manipulation that can cause permanent neuropathological lesions. Taken with the available clinical data on human patients, the experimental results indicate that human myelinolysis may be due to a rapid increase in serum sodium from previously low levels, and that rapid normalization of severe, sustained hyponatremia should therefore be avoided.
Contract Soundness for object-oriented languages (2001)

Checking pre- and post-conditions of procedures and methods at runtime helps improve software reliability. In the procedural world, pre- and post-conditions have a straightforward interpretation. If a procedure's pre-condition doesn't hold, the caller failed to establish the proper context. If a post-condition doesn't hold, the caller failed to establish the proper context. If a post-condition doesn't hold, the procedure failed to compute the expected result. In the object-oriented world, checking pre- and post-conditions for methods, often called contracts in this context, poses complex problems. Because methods may be overridden, it is not sufficient to check only pre- and post-conditions. In addition, the contract hierarchy must be checked to ensure that the contracts on overridden methods are properly related to the contracts on overriding methods. Otherwise, a class hierarchy may violate the substitution principle, that is, it may no longer be true that an instance of a class is substitutable for objects of the super-class. In this paper, we study the problem of contract enforcement in an object-oriented world from a foundational perspective. More specifically, we study contracts as refinements of types. Pushing the analogy further, we state and prove a contract soundness theorem that captures the essential properties of contract enforcement. We use the theorem to illustrate how most existing tools suffer from a fundamental flaw and how they can be improved.
Analyzing, Modeling, and Provisioning QoS for NVMe SSDs (2018)

NVMe-based SSDs are in huge demand for Big Data analytics owing to their extremely low latency and high throughput for both read and write operations. Their inherent parallelism in request processing makes them ideal to be used in virtualized environments, where sharing of resources is a given. Given the shared resource-driven ideology of cloud environments, it is imperative to design middleware which can provide some guarantee of service to applications. In this paper, we show how such QoS can be provided for NVMe SSDs in virtualized environments. Our contributions are threefold: (1) design of accurate NVMe emulation mechanisms in QEMU to provide QoS schemes, (2) theoretical modeling of arbitration mechanisms for assisting in SLA provisioning, and (3) proposing designs in Intel SPDK to seamlessly use the hardware-based QoS provided by NVMe. We provide a complete case for our designs and validate them through thorough experimental evaluation. We show that Deficit Round Robin (DRR) as a hardware-based arbitration scheme is more suited for providing bandwidth guarantees for NVMe SSDs. Our evaluations show that by combining our proposed QoS-aware NVMe emulator in QEMU and enhanced SPDK runtime, we can achieve I/O bandwidth SLA guarantees in an application oblivious manner.
W. G. Cole, Sex in Christianity and psychoanalysis. New York, Oxford University Press, 1955, 8°, 329 blz., 4 dol. (1958)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Active pharmaceutical ingredients and mechanisms underlying phasic myometrial contractions stimulated with the saponin extract from Paris polyphylla Sm. var. yunnanensis used for abnormal uterine bleeding (2008)

These data provide evidence that myometrial contractility stimulated by TSSP results from [Ca(2+)](i) increase and supports the possibility that some spirostanol gylcosides may represent a new type of contractile agonist for the uterus.
A framework for recommending OLAP queries (2008)

An OLAP analysis session can be defined as an interactive session during which a user launches queries to navigate within a cube. Very often choosing which part of the cube to navigate further, and thus designing the forthcoming query, is a difficult task. In this paper, we propose to use what the OLAP users did during their former exploration of the cube as a basis for recommending OLAP queries to the user. We present a generic framework that allows to recommend OLAP queries based on the OLAP server query log. This framework is generic in the sense that changing its parameters changes the way the recommendations are computed. We show how to use this framework for recommending simple MDX queries and we provide some experimental results to validate our approach.
The Bias of American Federalism: The Limits of Welfare-State Development in the Progressive Era (1989)

Welfare state programs developed later in the United States than in other nations. Today, American programs are less widely accessible, less uniform, and often less generous than programs abroad. Explanations for this relative conservatism usually focus on the lack of a socialist movement or a socialist ideological tradition in the United States. Yet during the Progressive Era, when the gap between the American and European welfare states widened significantly enough for contemporaries to acknowledge it, the forces for social reform had never been stronger in the United States. In many ways these forces resembled those in England, which at the time was laying the foundations for a model welfare state.
Development of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinoma in Mongolian gerbils. (1998)

Helicobacter pylori is classified by IARC/WHO as a definite human gastric carcinogen, despite "inadequate experimental evidence." To obtain direct evidence concerning this relationship, we investigated the histopathological findings of gastric mucosa using a model of H. pylori infection in Mongolian gerbils. The animals were challenged p.o. with H. pylori ATCC-43504 and sacrificed at 6, 12, and 18 months after inoculation for histological examination. All inoculated animals were infected with H. pylori. Severe infiltration of the lamina propria by polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells appeared in the lesser curvature of the antrum, with an increase in epithelial cell proliferation, and the infiltration extended to the body. Atrophic gastritis and focal intestinal metaplasia also appeared in the lesser curvature of the antral mucosa at 6 months after inoculation. Intestinal metaplasia became severe, with dysplasia, after that. At 18 months after H. pylori inoculation, two of five infected animals showed three well-differentiated gastric cancers. The uninfected control animals showed no abnormal findings throughout the entire observation period. Here, it was confirmed that H. pylori infection alone causes gastric cancer in an animal model.
THE MULTIFRACTAL FORMALISM REVISITED WITH WAVELETS (1994)

The multifractal formalism originally introduced for singular measures is revisited using the wavelet transform. This new approach is based on the definition of partition functions from the wavelet transform modulus maxima. We demonstrate that the f(α) singularity spectrum can be readily determined from the scaling behavior of these partition functions. We show that this method provides a natural generalization of the classical box-counting techniques to fractal functions (the wavelets actually play the role of “generalized boxes”). We report on a systematic comparison between this alternative method and the structure function approach which is commonly used in the context of fully developed turbulence. We comment on the intrinsic limitations of the structure functions which possess fundamental drawbacks and do not provide a full characterization of the singularities of a signal in many cases. We show that our method based on the wavelet transform modulus maxima decomposition works in most situations and is likely to be the ground of a unified multifractal description of singular distributions. Our theoretical considerations are both illustrated on pedagogical examples, e.g., generalized devil staircases and fractional Brownian motions, and supported by numerical simulations. Recent applications of the wavelet transform modulus maxima method to experimental turbulent velocity signals at inertial range scales are compared to previous measurements based on the structure function approach. A similar analysis is carried out for the locally averaged dissipation and the validity of the Kolmogorov’s refined similarity hypothesis is discussed. To conclude, we elaborate on a wavelet based technique which goes further than a simple statistical characterization of the scaling properties of fractal objects and provides a very promising tool for solving the inverse fractal problem, i.e., for uncovering their construction rule in terms of a discrete dynamical system.
Secondary Metabolites in Maca as Affected by Hypocotyl Color, Cultivation History, and Site (2010)

Maca ( Lepidium meyenii Walpers) hypocotyls are reported to have a favorable biological activity in man. The presumed bioactive constituents seem to vary among maca hypocotyl color types, but the residual variation is large. This study tested the hypothesis that, apart from color types, environmental factors have a distinct influence on the concentration of characteristic secondary metabolites in maca. In a field experiment at 4100 m altitude (Peru), maca of four hypocotyl color types was evaluated at two sites with different soil types. At each site, experimental areas were either never cultivated or cultivated with maca 2 to 3 yr ago followed by a fallow period. Applying four color replicates per site and area resulted in 64 plots (100 plants plot −1 ). Especially color type largely influenced concentrations of macaene, macamides, β‐sitosterol, campesterol, and glucosinolates. Site (also clearly affecting growth yield) was weaker in effect on these metabolites but still significantly influenced concentrations of some constituents, while the effect of cultivation history was widely absent. Macaene, macamides, and β‐sitosterol were negatively correlated with glucosinolates. This shows that environmental conditions and color type have to be considered in producing maca with high concentrations of distinct bioactive metabolites.
Annotated bibliography on global states and times in distributed systems (1993)

No abstract available.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Pyrazoles‐Proof of Regiochemistry. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The clinical chemistry laboratory and acute pancreatitis (1993)

Journal Article The clinical chemistry laboratory and acute pancreatitis Get access E C Wong, E C Wong Department of Pathology and Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A W Butch, A W Butch Department of Pathology and Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J L Rosenblum J L Rosenblum Department of Pathology and Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 39, Issue 2, 1 February 1993, Pages 234–243, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.2.234 Published: 01 February 1993
Detection Rates for Aneuploidy by First-Trimester and Sequential Screening (2015)

II.
The signaling pathway coupling epidermal growth factor receptors to activation of p21ras. (1994)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment causes autophosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) leading to increased guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF; Sos) activity and enhanced formation of p21ras-GTP. The connection of the EGFR to p21ras activation can occur through binding of Grb2.Sos complexes to the EGFR or through the adaptor protein Shc via EGFR.Shc.Grb2.Sos multimeric complexes. Therefore, we investigated the importance of Shc in coupling the EGFR to activation of ras GEF (Sos). EGF treatment led to rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc. Although phosphorylated EGFR can bind to both Shc and Grb2, the predominant linkage was observed between EGFR and Shc. Similarly, more Grb2 was associated with Shc than with EGFR after EGF stimulation. Immunoprecipitation of Shc from EGF-stimulated cells removed almost all EGFR-associated Grb2. Furthermore, immunodepletion of Shc proteins from membrane fractions of EGF-stimulated cells removed 93% of the ras GEF activity, whereas, precipitation of EGFR had only a small effect on ras GEF activity. These data indicate that coupling to Shc provides the major pathway linking activated EGFRs to Grb2.Sos and stimulation of the p21ras pathway.
Self-organized reuse partitioning, a dynamic channel assignment method in cellular system (2002)

Reuse partitioning is an effective concept for spectrum efficiency in cellular systems. A dynamic channel assignment (DCA) method named SORP is proposed, where the reuse partitioning is self-organized. In this method, each base station has a table, where average power for each channel used so far in its cell and the surrounding cells is stored. When a call arrives, the base station measures the output power of the calling mobile station and selects a channel which shows the average power closest to the measured power. The channel is used if available; otherwise, the second closest candidate is tried. Performance is compared between the proposed method, the conventional autonomous reuse partitioning (ARP), and random DCA. For traffic capacity, SORP and ARP show almost the same performance, which is much superior to that of random DCA.
Provably Secure Public Key Management Protocols for Self-organized Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

In traditional public key infrastructures, centralized certification authorities are indispensable for managing public key certificates that are used to provide the witness of certain NP relations. However, it is difficult to deploy centralized certification authorities in ad hoc networks due to the lack of infrastructure and other central services. Nevertheless, public key management protocols-the fundamental security issues, should be proposed to nodes in a self-organized ad hoc network so that each node within this group can collaborate to others to compute certain tasks if its certificate is valid. In this paper, a secure yet efficient group signature scheme is first constructed which is provably secure within our model assuming that the strong RSA problem defined over Z/sub n/*, together with the decisional Diffie-Hellman defined over the quadruple residue QR/sub N//spl epsi/Z/sub N/* is hard. We then propose a public key management protocol for self-organized ad hoc networks by simply assuming that a group manager issues certificates to the nodes who want to join in and at the same time it revokes the certificates related those who are leaving. The technique presented in this paper is universal, and it can be used to numerous applications, e.g., the construction of anonymous routing protocols and incentive-based services in social networks, and so on.
PRIME WEIGHTED GRAPH IN CRYPTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM FOR SECURE COMMUNICATION (2015)

Cryptography is the study of techniques for ensuring the secrecy and authentication of the information. Public-key encryption schemes are secure only if the authenticity of the public-key is assured. Graph theory plays an important role in the field of cryptography for developing security schemes. In this paper we define the prime weighted graph and propose an efficient encryption scheme using prime weighted graph in cryptographic system for secure communication. Also, another aim is to design java program for the encryption/decryption algorithm.
Learning on the border (2007)

This paper is concerned with the class imbalance problem which has been known to hinder the learning performance of classification algorithms. The problem occurs when there are significantly less number of observations of the target concept. Various real-world classification tasks, such as medical diagnosis, text categorization and fraud detection suffer from this phenomenon. The standard machine learning algorithms yield better prediction performance with balanced datasets. In this paper, we demonstrate that active learning is capable of solving the class imbalance problem by providing the learner more balanced classes. We also propose an efficient way of selecting informative instances from a smaller pool of samples for active learning which does not necessitate a search through the entire dataset. The proposed method yields an efficient querying system and allows active learning to be applied to very large datasets. Our experimental results show that with an early stopping criteria, active learning achieves a fast solution with competitive prediction performance in imbalanced data classification.
Design considerations for ISO/IEC 13818-1 decoders (2002)

Important design considerations, principles and tradeoffs applied to the design of MPEG-2 transport stream demultiplexers suitable for integration with MPEG video/audio decoders and 2D/3D graphics core are presented. The described architecture integrates demultiplexing of the most frequent transport packets of MPEG HDTV video and audio streams into the register based hardware core and all digital teletext/subtitling decoding functions and user or private data processing on low to midrange performance host CPU (Pentium 200 MHz or MIPS 166 MHz). This results in the greater flexibility and reduction of the hardware cost of digital set-top receivers.