gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benzobis(silolothiophene)-Based Low Bandgap Polymers for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells (2010)

A new type of benzobis(silolothiophene)-based low band gap copolymers PBSTBT and PBSTDTBT were developed via a facile synthetic method in high yield. The introduction of silicon atoms in the large fused rings provides new polymers with low HOMO levels and high hole mobilities up to 0.01 cm2 V−1 s−1. The results from preliminary characterization of bulk heterojuction solar cells showed PCE above 3.5% for both PBSTBT and PBSTDTBT.
The oncofetal J28 epitope involves fucosylated O-linked oligosaccharide structures of the fetoacinar pancreatic protein (1997)

The fetoacinar pancreatic protein (FAP), characterized by the mAb J28, is an oncofetal form of bile salt dependent lipase (BSDL), the expression of which is related to pancreatic differentiation and neoplastic processes. Because the J28 epitope, recognized by mAb J28, is suggested to be dependent upon carbohydrates, we have attempted to gain information about the structure of this epitope. Indeed, treatment of FAP with sodium periodate abolished the reactivity of the protein to mAb J28, which demonstrates the implication of oligosaccharides in the structure of the J28 epitope. FAP offers both O-linked and N-linked carbohydrate structures, of which, as we have determined, one is involved. Peptides obtained after cyanogen bromide cleavage were desialylated then separated by affinity chromatography on an immobilized peanut agglutinin agarose column. The peptide retained on this column carried out the reactivity with the mAb J28. Although some differences in amino acid analysis were observed, the N-terminal sequence of this peptide correlates with that of the C-terminal part of the enzyme. Carbohydrate analysis of the peptide bearing the J28 epitope revealed fucose, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylneuraminic acid. The competition observed between mAb J28 and Ulex europaeus I lectin for binding to the J28 epitope suggested that fucose residue alpha (1-2) linked to a galactose residue was implicated in the structure of the J28 epitope. Alternatively, the loss of the mAb J28 reactivity upon treatment of FAP either with bovine kidney or bovine epididymis fucosidase was observed indicating that fucose residues linked at the alpha (1-2) and alpha (1-6) positions may be involved in the establishment of the structure of the J28 epitope. These observations suggest that mAb J28 recognized a particular fucosylated O-linked oligosaccharide structure located at the mucin-like extended C-terminal part of FAP.
XXI.—Relative Co-ordinates (1933)

If C is a given curve in a Riemannian space V n , a system of co-ordinates ( z 1 , z 2 , …, z n ) can be set up at each point P of C, thus generalising moving axes along a twisted curve. If in these co-ordinates a point Q is defined relative to the point P, then Q traces some curve as P moves along C; any curve C' can be defined in this way by setting up a (1, 1) correspondence between points of C and C′. We shall take the relative co-ordinates at P to be normal co-ordinates with origin at P, the parametric directions at P being the directions of an orthogonal ennuple defined at points of C. In general, this work is too heavy except for the consideration of points within a certain distance from the curve C, and we shall therefore consider only points the cube of whose distance from C may be neglected. This is sufficient for the application to such problems as the motion of a small rigid body in space-time.
Cell entry by human pathogenic arenaviruses (2008)

The arenaviruses Lassa virus (LASV) in Africa and Machupo (MACV), Guanarito (GTOV) and Junin viruses (JUNV) in South America cause severe haemorrhagic fevers in humans with fatality rates of 15–35%. The present review focuses on the first steps of infection with human pathogenic arenaviruses, the interaction with their cellular receptor molecules and subsequent entry into the host cell. While similarities exist in genomic organization, structure and clinical disease caused by pathogenic Old World and New World arenaviruses these pathogens use different primary receptors. The Old World arenaviruses employ α-dystroglycan, a cellular receptor for proteins of the extracellular matrix, and the human pathogenic New World arenaviruses use the cellular cargo receptor transferrin receptor 1. While the New World arenavirus JUNV enters cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis, evidence occurred for clathrin-independent entry of the prototypic Old World arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Upon internalization, arenaviruses are delivered to the endosome, where pH-dependent membrane fusion is mediated by the envelope glycoprotein (GP). While arenavirus GPs share characteristics with class I fusion GPs of other enveloped viruses, unusual mechanistic features of GP-mediated membrane fusion have recently been discovered for arenaviruses with important implications for viral entry.
The use of RTL descriptions in accurate timing verification and test generation (VLSI) (1991)

The authors discuss the use of high-level information in two major problems of VLSI system design: (1) accurate timing verification to eliminate false paths due to reconvergent fan-out, redundancy, and control signal constraints, and (2) testing for stuck-at-faults. The register-transfer-level (RTL) descriptions provide the set of control signals for valid data operations. Using this set of control signals, the timing verifier can perform an efficient estimation of critical path delays for only valid data transfers. This approach to critical path justification can be extended to test generation for a class of sequential circuits where all latches and memory elements can be explicitly identified. Test generation for complex VLSI circuits composed of many interconnected modules is discussed. Sequential propagation and justification of signals are carried out using the data flow information. Results based on an implementation of the algorithms are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel Inhibitors of E. coli RecA ATPase Activity (2010)

The bacterial RecA protein has been implicated as a bacterial drug target not as an antimicrobial target, but as an adjuvant target with the potential to suppress the mechanism by which bacteria gain drug resistance. In order to identify small molecules that inhibit RecA/ssDNA nucleoprotein filament formation, we have adapted the phosphomolybdate-blue ATPase assay for high throughput screening to determine RecA ATPase activity against a library of 33,600 compounds, which is a selected representation of diverse structure of 350,000. Four distinct chemotypes were represented among the 40 validated hits. SAR and further chemical synthesis is underway to optimize this set of inhibitors to be used as antimicrobial adjuvant agents.
Development of Green Resin Using Solid Waste Protein Soybean Curd Tofu Production (2010)

One of the most concerns associated with many commercially available composites is that they used of non-degradable resins and fibers that primarily made using non-degradable, petroleum-based chemicals as feed stock. These conditions will create a serious problem in term of waste disposal after end of their life. Unlike petroleum, plant based protein and starches are yearly renewable. These resins are increasingly developed for various applications as replacements for non-degradable petroleum based resins. In addition, these resins may be easily composted after their life. In this study, Soybean Pulp Hemi-cellulose (SPH) was modified by cross-linking it with glutaraldehyde (GA). The modified SPH resins were characterized for its surface morphology, tensile and mass losses or biodegradability properties. The effect of GA on the surface morphology, tensile and biodegradability of the SPH resins were discussed. The SPH resins showed improved surface morphology and ductility. However, the increasing the GA content reduces the Young's modulus of the SPH resins. The SPH resins exhibited fracture stress point and Young's modulus maximum of and 3.02 MN/m2, respectively, and biodegradability of 40.42% after 30 days placed on the open air. These properties seem to be sufficient for developing green composites from the SPH resins reinforced with natural fiber for indoor structural applications. Keywords: Green Resin, Soybean Pulp Hemi-cellulose (SPH), Mechanical Properties, Biodegradation.
Inherited CD70 deficiency in humans reveals a critical role for the CD70–CD27 pathway in immunity to Epstein-Barr virus infection (2016)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in humans is a major trigger of malignant and nonmalignant B cell proliferations. CD27 is a co-stimulatory molecule of T cells, and inherited CD27 deficiency is characterized by high susceptibility to EBV infection, though the underlying pathological mechanisms have not yet been identified. In this study, we report a patient suffering from recurrent EBV-induced B cell proliferations including Hodgkin's lymphoma because of a deficiency in CD70, the ligand of CD27. We show that EBV-specific T lymphocytes did not expand properly when stimulated with CD70-deficient EBV-infected B cells, whereas expression of CD70 in B cells restored expansion, indicating that CD70 on B cells but not on T cells is required for efficient proliferation of T cells. CD70 was found to be up-regulated on B cells when activated and during EBV infection. The proliferation of T cells triggered by CD70-expressing B cells was dependent on CD27 and CD3 on T cells. Importantly, CD27-deficient T cells failed to proliferate when stimulated with CD70-expressing B cells. Thus, the CD70-CD27 pathway appears to be a crucial component of EBV-specific T cell immunity and more generally for the immune surveillance of B cells and may be a target for immunotherapy of B cell malignancies.
On improving the performance of data partitioning oriented parallel irregular reductions (2003)

Different parallelization techniques for reductions have been classified in this paper into two classes: LPO (loop partitioning-oriented techniques) and DPO (data partitioning-oriented techniques). We have analyzed both classes in terms of a set of performance properties: data locality, memory overhead, parallelism and workload balancing. We propose several techniques to increase the exploited parallelism and to introduce load balancing into a DPO method. Regarding parallelism, the solution is based on the partial expansion of the reduction array. For load balancing, the first technique is generic, as it can deal with any kind of load unbalance present in the problem domain. The second technique handles a special case of load unbalancing appearing when there are a large number of write operations on small regions of the reduction arrays. Efficient implementations of the proposed optimizing solutions for the DWA-LIP (data write affinity-loop index prefetching) DPO method are presented, experimentally tested on static and dynamic kernel codes, and compared with other parallel reduction methods.
Leaky intestine and impaired microbiome in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model (2015)

Emerging evidence has demonstrated that intestinal homeostasis and the microbiome play essential roles in neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of motor neurons and muscle atrophy. Currently, there is no effective treatment. Most patients die within 3-5 years due to respiratory paralysis. Although the death of motor neurons is a hallmark of ALS, other organs may also contribute to the disease progression. We examined the gut of an ALS mouse model, G93A, which expresses mutant superoxide dismutase (SOD1(G93A)), and discovered a damaged tight junction structure and increased permeability with a significant reduction in the expression levels of tight junction protein ZO-1 and the adherens junction protein E-cadherin. Furthermore, our data demonstrated increased numbers of abnormal Paneth cells in the intestine of G93A mice. Paneth cells are specialized intestinal epithelial cells that can sense microbes and secrete antimicrobial peptides, thus playing key roles in host innate immune responses and shaping the gut microbiome. A decreased level of the antimicrobial peptides defensin 5 alpha was indeed found in the ALS intestine. These changes were associated with a shifted profile of the intestinal microbiome, including reduced levels of Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens, Escherichia coli, and Fermicus, in G93A mice. The relative abundance of bacteria was shifted in G93A mice compared to wild-type mice. Principal coordinate analysis indicated a difference in fecal microbial communities between ALS and wild-type mice. Taken together, our study suggests a potential novel role of the intestinal epithelium and microbiome in the progression of ALS.
Cloud‐Based Content Delivery and Streaming (2014)

Content delivery networks (CDNs) improve websites, streaming, and download performance of Internet content by end-users while reducing the cost to serve for content providers. Nowadays, CDNs are a prerequisite for delivering quality online experience for live, linear, and on-demand delivery of website and media content. This chapter provides an overview of CDN technologies, use cases, trends, and research directions in this domain. It presents how CDN is positioned with respect to the video ecosystem, followed by operational details of a CDN for several use cases. The chapter provides coverage of recent technology trends in the CDN domain to assist practitioners in this field. It provides a list of a few research issues demonstrating an R&D pathway to CDN researchers. These issues deal with cloud-based CDNs, mobile CDNs, origin storage, and IP anycasting.
Graphics file generation for a computer-aided manual work station in the electronics manufacturing environment (2002)

Based on a standardized, product and production independent concept for factory automation, some general thoughts concerning the acquisition of operation, machine and quality data for manufacturing are presented, and the application of a printed circuit board (PCB) production preparation system as a part of the manufacturing design system is discussed. The necessity of automation of production preparation is based on a continuous flow of information in the manufacturing environment to reduce the throughput/cycle time, to reduce the set-up time and to have better product quality. The decrease of time in the different hierarchical layers of the production reference model, especially in the area of production preparation, can be used to develop tested, error-free, simulated and optimized product, process and machine describing data files.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
试用Phottix Hero可视无线遥控器 让每台单反都能Live View (2011)

来自光学和精密机械产品之乡德国的Phottix,是一个有趣的品牌,它们能像大多数德国的光学企业那样提供设计保守同时工艺严谨的摄影器材产品,但也能时不时地拿出些令人惊讶的新奇＂玩意＂。比如下面你将看到的这2个黑＂盒子＂,当第一眼看到他们的时候能想到他们是做什么用的么？
Investigation of the spin state of Co in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Co</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>at room temperature:<i>Ab initio</i>calculations and high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy of single crystals (2008)

We investigate the spin state of $\mathrm{La}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ using state-of-the-art photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio band structure calculations. The $\mathrm{GGA}+U$ calculations provide a good description of the ground state for the experimentally estimated value of electron correlation strength $U$. In addition to the correlation effect, spin-orbit interaction is observed to play a significant role in the case of intermediate spin and high spin configurations. The comparison of the calculated $\mathrm{Co}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3d$ and $\mathrm{O}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2p$ partial density of states with the experimental valence band spectra indicates that at room temperature, Co has dominant intermediate spin state configuration and that the contribution from high spin configuration may not be significant at this temperature. The line shape of the $\mathrm{La}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}5p$ and $\mathrm{O}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2s$ core level spectra could be reproduced well within these ab initio calculations.
An 800MHz 320mW 16-core processor with message-passing and shared-memory inter-core communication mechanisms (2012)

Almost all multicore processors use a shared-memory architecture due to its simple programming model. Recently, however, the message-passing mechanism is also drawing attention due to its potentially better scalability. In this work, we demonstrate that a hybrid communication mechanism supporting both message passing and shared memory can provide both higher performance and energy efficiency. This 16-core processor has 3 key features: (1) A cluster-based hierarchical architecture supporting both shared-memory and message-passing communication. (2) A cache-free memory hierarchy with an extended register file, small private memory and moderate shared memory to avoid complex cache coherence issues and achieve high energy efficiency by keeping data accesses local. (3) A hardware-aided mailbox mechanism to accelerate the synchronization procedure between different processor nodes. With these techniques, our multicore processor can provide high performance for many applications. Chip test results show that its maximum clock frequency is 800MHz and typical power consumption is 320mW, when running basic applications with clock gating at 1.2V at room temperature.
Chemie der Amino‐oxime, XI: Über die Synthese von 2‐Oxo‐3‐imidazolin‐3‐oxiden und ihre Prototropie (1978)

Abstract Verschieden substituierte anti ( E )‐α‐Amino‐oxime ( 1 ) wurden mit Phosgen oder durch Verseifen der entsprechenden Urethane 7 zu 2‐Oxo‐4‐imidazolin‐3‐oxiden ( 3 ) cyclisiert. Die Konstitution wurde durch Cycloaddition und spektroskopisch bestätigt. Bei Oximen mit α‐ständigen H‐Atomen trat in einem Fall Tautomerie zum 3‐Hydroxy‐4‐imidzolin‐2‐on ( 9i ) ein, im anderen zur N ‐Hydroxy‐ exo ‐methylen‐Verbindung 10c . Letztere bildet mit dem N ‐Oxid 3c durch Cycloaddition ein Isoxazolidin‐Derivat 11c .
Hybrid Mesoporous Materials with Functionalized Monolayers (1998)

Mesoporous materials have great potential for environmental and industrial processes, but many applications require the materials to exhibit specific surface chemistry and binding sites. A new approach has been developed so that organized functional monolayers are covalently bound to mesoporous supports. The functionalized hybrid materials show exceptional selectivity and capacity for removing heavy metals from waste streams. Tailored hybrid materials have also shown potential to selectively bind anions and radionuclides. Rational design of the surface properties of mesoporous materials will lead to more sophisticated functional composites.
Formación en el área de urgencias/emergencias del médico de familia: función de la Agamfec (2010)

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la primera causa de muerte en Espana (35% del total), y la isquemia coronaria es la causa principal. Se estima que, en nuestro pais, en el ano 2002, se han producido unos 68.500 infartos agudos de miocardio; de ellos, una tercera parte ha cursado como muerte subita, de los cuales el 50% ocurre en el medio extrahospitalario. Otro grupo importante de mortalidad lo constituyen los accidentes: laborales, trafico, domicilios,... que provocan la muerte especialmente en el grupo de los jovenes.
Lithography using electron beam induced etching of a carbon film (1995)

A focused electron beam was found, in the presence of oxygen gas, to induce the etching of a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited amorphous hydrogenated carbon (PECVD a-C:H) film. This reaction was used to pattern the film directly, eliminating the need for subsequent development of the exposed areas (as required for conventional resists). Pattern transfer from the film into gold and into silicon was investigated. Submicrometer patterns have been transferred from a 50-nm-thick PECVD a-C:H film into a gold film by wet chemical etching. With a silicon substrate, the exposure process produced an etch-resistant layer on the surface.
Microstructures of the Activated Si-Containing AB2 Metal Hydride Alloy Surface by Transmission Electron Microscope (2016)

The surface microstructure of an activated Si-containing AB2 metal hydride (MH) alloy was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Regions of the main AB2 and the secondary TiNi (B2 structure) phases directly underneath the surface Zr oxide/hydroxide layers are considered electrochemically inactive. The surface of AB2 is covered, on the atomic scale, by sheets of Ni2O3 with direct access to electrolyte and voids, without the buffer oxide commonly seen in Si-free AB2 alloys. This clean oxide/bulk metal alloy interface is believed to be the main source of the improvements in the low-temperature performance of Si-containing AB2 alloys. Sporadic metallic-Ni clusters can be found in the surface Ni2O3 region. However, the density of these clusters is much lower than the Ni-inclusions found in most typical metal hydride surface oxides. A high density of nano-sized metallic Ni-inclusions (1–3 nm) is found in regions associated with the TiNi secondary phase, i.e., in the surface oxide layer and in the grain boundary, which can also contribute to enhancement of the electrochemical performance.
Identification of interleukin‐8 as estrogen receptor‐regulated factor involved in breast cancer invasion and angiogenesis by protein arrays (2004)

With the goal of identifying key factors involved in human breast cancer progression, we applied human cytokine antibody arrays we have developed to screen cytokine expression levels in human breast cancer cell lines and identified interleukin (IL)-8 as a key factor involved in breast cancer invasion and angiogenesis. Elevated expression of IL-8 in breast cancer cells was associated with breast cancer invasiveness and angiogenesis. Neutralization of antibody against IL-8 specifically blocked IL-8-mediated tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis. Furthermore, IL-8 levels in human breast cancer cells were closely related to estrogen receptor (ER) status. ER positive cells expressed low levels of IL-8 whereas ER negative cells expressed high levels of IL-8. Expression of exogenous ERalpha substantially inhibited IL-8 expression. Our findings raise intriguing questions regarding the role of IL-8 in the development and progression of human breast cancer in association with ER status.