gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Participation of Embryonic Genotype in the Pregnancy Block Phenomenon in Mice1 (1999)

Pregnancy block by male pheromones in mice differs in incidence depending on the combination of strains. Female mice of BALB/cA strain mated with BALB/cA males show a 100% pregnancy block when exposed to males of inbred strain DDK shortly after copulation (Chung et al., Biol Reprod 1997; 57:312-319). In the present study, BALB/cA females mated with the males of other strains--CBA/J, C3H/HeN, C57BL/6Cr, and IXBL--showed higher pregnancy rates (66.6-87. 5%) even when they were exposed to DDK males. In the pharmacological induction of pregnancy block with dopamine agonist (bromocriptine, 4 mg/kg BW), BALB/cA females mated with BALB/cA males showed a 100% pregnancy block. In contrast, BALB/cA females mated with CBA/J, C3H/HeN, and C57BL/6Cr males showed higher pregnancy rates (40-70%). These results suggest that the better pregnancy rate of BALB/cA females mated with alien males may be due to the stronger viability of F(1) embryos. This interpretation was confirmed by an embryo transfer experiment in which a higher implantation rate was observed when BALB/cA embryos grown in BALB/cA females exposed to BALB/cA males were transferred into recipient BALB/cA females exposed to DDK males. These results suggest that the embryonic genotype or viability of the embryo is one factor contributing to the occurrence of pregnancy block by male pheromones in mice.
Molecular Design Properties of OxyVita Hemoglobin, a New Generation Therapeutic Oxygen Carrier: A Review (2011)

OxyVita Hb is a new generation hemoglobin based oxygen carrier (HBOC) produced through modification of a zero-linked polymerization mechanism using activators which incorporate cross-linked bovine tetramer hemoglobin into "super-polymeric" macromolecules (Average molecular weight = 17 MDa) for the purpose of oxygen delivery when whole blood or packed red cells are not available. This molecular design approach was generated in order to address several fundamental biochemical and physiological weaknesses of previous generations of HBOCs. Observation during pre-clinical and clinical studies provided evidence that these early generation acellular HBOCs were directly associated with loss of retention within the circulatory system, extravasation across endothelial tissue membranes due to their small molecular size leading to arterial and venous vasoconstriction with coupled increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP). The inherent increase in molecular size and structural stability of the OxyVita Hb is a direct response to addressing these serious weaknesses that have occurred during the evolution of HBOC development within the past two decades. The nature of the zero-linked synthetic route eliminates any chemical linkers remaining in the product, eliminating side reaction concerns, such as reversibility and decomposition due to weak chemical bonds, dependency on temperature and pressure, and residual toxicity.
Making microbeams and nanobeams by channeling in microstructures and nanostructures (2003)

A particle beam of very small cross section is useful in many accelerator applications including biological and medical ones. We show the capability of the channeling technique using a micron-sized structure on a surface of a single crystal, or using a nanotube, to produce a beam of a cross section down to one square micrometer (or nanometer). The channeled beam can be deflected and thus well separated in angle and space from the primary and scattered particles. Monte Carlo simulation is done to evaluate the characteristics of a channeled microbeam. Emittances down to 0.001 nm rad, and flux up to ${10}^{6}\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{2}}$ per second, can be achieved for protons and ions.
Measurement of Efficiency of Distribution of Liquid Feed in a Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed Reactor (2003)

A technique has been developed to give a quantitative measure of the contacting efficiency of liquid feed onto particles in a hot fluidized bed for petroleum applications. Copper naphthenate was used as a tracer to measure the coating of atomized bitumen feed onto solid coke particles in a fluid coking pilot plant. The pilot plant consisted of a reactor vessel, where bitumen was injected into the reactor as feed, and a regeneration vessel, where coke particles were heated and circulated back to the reactor. Atomized bitumen droplets were injected through a feed nozzle into the reactor section. A small concentration of copper naphthenate tracer, pre-diluted with bitumen, was injected upstream of the nozzle, following a step function with time. As the bitumen reacted, the copper formed solid deposits on the surface of the particles, effectively labeling the particles that had been contacted by the bitumen droplets. Frequent coke samples from the solids exiting and entering the reactor were taken during and after the injection of the tracer.Two types of measurements were conducted on the coke samples; bulk copper concentration in the samples, using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), and copper concentration on individual coke particles using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The data for bulk copper concentration confirmed that the solids were mixed rapidly in the reactor, approximating a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR). The EDX analysis of individual coke particles demonstrated, however, that a significant fraction of the coke particles within the samples were not labeled with copper. This result indicated that many of the particles in the fluidized bed were not contacted by bitumen in the reactor. Consequently, the tracer technique was used to compare the coating efficiency of bitumen on coke particles by operation of different nozzle designs.
Synthesis and thermal melting behavior of oligomer.polymer complexes containing defined lengths of mismatched dA·dG and dG·dG nucleotides (1977)

Model DNA polymers containing heteroduplex regions of defined sequence and size were synthesized using polynucleotide phosphorylase and calf thymus terminal transferase. Heteroduplexes were of the form (dG)n-d(C12AmC-x), where m - 1-6, and (dG)n-d(C10GmC-x), where m = 1 and 3-5. Thermal melting studies of the model DNAs indicated that the heteroduplex regions did not disrupt the cooperative interaction between the flanking regions of dG-dC base pairs. thus, it is possible that the heteroduplex nucleotides are accommodated in a stacked helical structure.
Fibroblast growth factor-2 inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis by Bcl-2-dependent and independent mechanisms. (1997)

Intact endothelium acts as a sensor and transducer of signals and also provides a nonthrombogenic surface at the blood-vascular wall interface. Hence, mechanisms that maintain the integrity of the endothelium are of interest in physiological and pathological states. In this study we show that apoptosis induced by growth factor and serum deprivation of endothelial cells occurs at all phases of the cell cycle and can be blocked by fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) independently of its mitogenic activity. As the Bcl-2 family of proteins plays a prominent role in regulating cell survival, we attempted to identify Bcl-2 homologues expressed in endothelial cells. Here we demonstrate that, in addition to the previously identified A1, four other members of the Bcl-2 family, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bcl-X(L), and Bax, are expressed in endothelial cells. Of these family members, only Bcl-2 is induced by FGF-2. Overexpression of Bcl-2, using a retroviral vector, protects endothelial cells from serum and growth factor deprivation. There is no difference in FGF-2-induced proliferation between Bcl-2-overexpressing cells and those transduced with the empty retroviral vector. At early time points Bcl-2 is not up-regulated, but FGF-2 still has a protective effect. However, FGF-2 protects only adherent endothelial cells but not those that are cultured in suspension. The early effect of FGF-2 is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation but not on activation of the MAP kinase pathway. Thus, FGF-2 inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis by Bcl-2-dependent and independent mechanisms.
Human Cancers Express TRAILshort, a Dominant Negative TRAIL Splice Variant, Which Impairs Immune Effector Cell Killing of Tumor Cells (2020)

These results identify TRAILshort in primary human malignancies, and suggest that TRAILshort blockade can augment the effector function of autologous immune effector cells.<i>See related commentary by de Miguel and Pardo, p. 5546</i>.
Poli(Etileno Naftalato) - PEN: uma revisão do seu histórico e as principais tendências de sua aplicação mundial (1998)

Este artigo contém uma revisão sobre o Poli(etileno naftalato) - PEN e também inclui vários aspectos relacionados com as blendas poliméricas Poli(etileno tereftalato) - PET / Poli(etileno naftalato) - PEN. O artigo é resultado de um desenvolvimento conjunto da Alcoa Alumínio S.A.- Divisão de Embalagens e do Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), que tem como objetivo pesquisar o tema aqui abordado.
Development of Polymeric Phase Change Materials On the basis of Diels−Alder Chemistry (2010)

Diels−Alder (DA) chemistry is increasing popular due to its simplicity and efficiency; however, one concept that has yet to be thoroughly explored is incorporation of DA linkages within materials for the development of polymeric phase change materials. It is well established that the retro-DA reaction results in a large endotherm, which could be a potential energy sink for phase change materials. Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) was selected as a prepolymer and modified with different DA linkages. Cured materials were prepared upon addition of diisocyanates and their physical properties of the cured elastomers were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheological testing. The resulting thermally responsive HTPB (TR-HTPB) exhibited the ability to absorb energy and flow at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, they displayed unusual responses to repeated thermal cycling, including changes in thermal absorption and rheological characteristics.
A Fuzzy Mining Algorithm for Association-Rule Knowledge Discovery (2005)

ABSTRASCT Due to increasing use of very large database and data warehouses, discovering useful knowledge from transactions is becoming an important research area. On the other hand, using fuzzy classification in data mining has been developed in recent years. Hong and Lee proposed a general learning method that automatically derives fuzzy if-then rules and membership functions from a set of given training examples using a decision table. But it is complex if there are many attributes or if the predefined unit is small. Hong and Chen improve it by first selecting relevant attributes and building
Change of growth acceleration in Japan as indicated by the maximum growth age in height and sitting height (2005)

From the trend of maximum growth age (MGA) of height (MGA-h) and sitting height (MGA-sh) in both Okinawa Prefecture and Aomori Prefecture, we projected the trend of national readings:1) The transition of MGA-h and MGA-sh first appears in younger ages in less populated areas such as in Okinawa and Aomori. Later the transition toward the younger age begins nationally.2) The national girls'MGA-h will emerge at the age of 9, because this trend has already appeared in both Okinawa and Aomori.3) The girls'MGA-sh will be hereafter shifted to 10 years of age nationally. Only one time has the national MGA-sh actually been seen at the age of 10. This occurred in 1983. However it has been seen a few times in Okinawa and Aomori prefectures.4) For boys, the current national MGA-h and MGA-sh is reached at 12 years of age. The boys'MGA-h and MGA-sh has not been seen to lower to the 11-year age group in Okinawa and Aomori prefectures. Hypothetically the national MGA-h and MGA-sh will stay constant at 12 years of age for a while.5) The growth acceleration of MGA has shown the following pattern: the current age group will stay constant over the course of a few years; then it alternately interchanges with the group one year younger for a period of time; the younger group will then maintain its position as the new age of MGA.
Graft copolymerization of butyl acrylate and 2‐ethyl hexyl acrylate from labile chlorines of poly(vinyl chloride) by atom transfer radical polymerization (2003)

Abstract Trace amounts of labile chlorines present in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were found to act as initiation sites for the preparation of graft copolymers of PVC by copper‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). High grafting yields were attained during the graft copolymerizations of n ‐butyl acrylate (161.8%) and 2‐ethyl hexyl acrylate (51.2%) in 7.5 h. In both cases, the grafting proceeded with first‐order kinetics with respect to the monomer concentrations, this being typical for ATRP. Gel permeation chromatography traces of the resulting products did not exhibit additional peaks attributable to the formation of free homopolymers. The presented procedure offers an efficient means of preparing self‐plasticized PVC structures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3457–3462, 2003
Combined magnetic resonance and bioluminescence imaging of live mice (2007)

We perform combined magnetic resonance and bioluminescence imaging of live mice for the purpose of improving the accuracy of bioluminescence tomography. The imaging is performed on three live nude mice in which tritium-powered light sources are surgically implanted. High-resolution magnetic resonance images and multispectral, multiview bioluminescence images are acquired in the same session. An anatomical model is constructed by segmenting the magnetic resonance images for all major tissues. The model is subsequently registered with nonlinear transformations to the 3-D light exittance (exiting intensity) surface map generated from the luminescence images. A Monte Carlo algorithm, along with a set of tissue optical properties obtained from in vivo measurements, is used to solve the forward problem. The measured and simulated light exittance images are found to differ by a factor of up to 2. The greatest cause of this moderate discrepancy is traced to the small errors in source positioning, and to a lesser extent to the optical properties used for the tissues. Discarding the anatomy and using a homogeneous model leads to a marginally worse agreement between the simulated and measured data.
Potentially Avoidable 30-Day Hospital Readmissions in Medical Patients (2013)

This simple prediction model identifies before discharge the risk of potentially avoidable 30-day readmission in medical patients. This score has potential to easily identify patients who may need more intensive transitional care interventions.
Fast aerial image simulations for partially coherent systems by transmission cross coefficient decomposition with analytical kernels (2012)

Aerial image simulation is one of the most critical components in the model-based optical proximity correction (OPC), which has become a necessary part of resolution enhancement techniques used to improve the performance of subwavelength optical lithography. In this paper, a fast aerial image simulation method is proposed for partially coherent systems by decomposing the transmission cross coefficient (TCC) into analytical kernels. The TCC matrix is projected onto a function space whose basis is analytical circle-sampling functions (CSFs) and converted into a much smaller projected matrix. By performing singular value decomposition (SVD) to the projected matrix, its eigenvectors together with the CSFs are used to generate a set of analytical TCC kernels. The proposed method avoids directly performing SVD to the large TCC matrix, making it much more runtime efficient than the conventional SVD method. Furthermore, the grid size of the kernels can be flexibly set to any desired value in aerial image simulations, which is not realizable with the conventional SVD method. The comparison of aerial image intensity errors and edge placement errors calculated by the proposed method and the conventional SVD method has confirmed the validity of the proposed method. An OPC example is also provided to further demonstrate its efficiency.
Pathological Analysis of Local Delivery of Paclitaxel Via a Polymer-Coated Stent (2001)

CSG coating appears to be a promising medium for localized drug delivery. Paclitaxel polymer-coated stents reduce neointima formation but are associated with evidence of incomplete healing at 28 days. However, neointimal suppression was not maintained at 90 days.
Microbiology of Burn Wound Infections (2008)

One of the most complicated issues that surgeons face, in the care of burn patients, is infection. This includes both superficial and systemic infections. Systemic infection is the leading cause of death in this population. This article will look to review the microbiology of burn wound infections with particular emphasis on classification, host response to burn wound infections, antimicrobial agents, and modern treatment practices.
Pedometer counts superior to physical activity scale for identifying health markers in older adults (2008)

Pedometer-derived step counts are a more valid measurement of overall physical activity in this sample than PASE score. Researchers should use objective measures of physical activity whenever possible.
Dynamically updating distributed software: supporting change in uncertain and mistrustful environments (2003)

A dynamic program updating system is a tool that replaces a running computer program with a new version, without stopping the currently running program. A method is described for extending an existing updating system to a distributed environment. These extensions allow distributed programs written using the remote procedure call paradigm to be dynamically updated. The approach scales to a geographically distributed computing environment and supports computer systems that contain heterogeneous hardware and software. Programs that execute on computer systems owned by multiple administrative entities can also be updated using this approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
2‐Hydroperfluoropropyl azide—a versatile reagent for the oxidative fluorination of organic compounds of trivalent phosphorus (1993)

Abstract 2‐Hydroperfluoropropyl azide CF 3 CHFCF 2 N 3 , 1 , an inexpensive, readily available, and stable (easy to store) compound, is suggested as an effective fluorinating reagent for different classes of trivalent organophosphorus compounds in accordance with the general scheme R 3 P → R 3 PF 2 . Generally, the reactions are performed without solvent, the highly volatile CF 3 CHFCN being the main by‐product. The fluorination is usually an exothermic process, but slight heating is necessary in the case of alkyldifluorophosphites. The unusual Arbuzov rearrangement, accompanied by isomerization of an isobutyl or neopentyl group into a tert‐group, ROPF 2 → t‐R′POF 2 , under the action of a catalytic amount of 1 , was observed.
Studies on Erythropoiesis. III. Factors Controlling Erythropoietin Production (1957)

Summary and Conclusion1. We studied the erythropoietic response to anemic plasma of a variety of experimental conditions in the rat. Rats subjected to hypophysectomy, an atmosphere of high O2, starvation, and transfusion-induced polycythemia have a decreased rate of erythropoiesis and an exaggerated response to the administration of anemic plasma. 2. Treatment with dinitrophenol increases the rate of erythropoiesis and decreases the response to anemic plasma. 3. These findings are in agreement with the hypothesis that the rate of erythropoiesis is determined by the amount of erythropoietin, the production of which is regulated by the relationship between O2 supply and demand, not by either factor alone.
Syntheses and Biological Evaluation of Indolocarbazoles, Analogues of Rebeccamycin, Modified at the Imide Heterocycle (1998)

A series of 10 indolocarbazole derivatives, analogues to the antitumor antibiotic rebeccamycin, bearing modifications at the imide heterocycle were synthesized. They bear an N-methyl imide, N-methyl amide, or anhydride function instead of the original imide. Their inhibitory potencies toward topoisomerase I were examined using a DNA relaxation assay and by analyzing the drug-induced cleavage of 32P-labeled DNA. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibition and interaction with DNA were also studied together with the in vitro antiproliferative activities against B16 melanoma and P388 leukemia cells. The antimicrobial activities against two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Streptomyces chartreusis), a Gram-negative bacterium (Escherichia coli), and a yeast (Candida albicans) were tested as well as their antiviral activities toward HIV-1. The efficiency of the anhydride compounds was compared to that of the parent compound rebeccamycin and its dechlorinated analogue. All the compounds studied were inactive against PKC. The structural requirements for PKC and topoisomerase I inhibition are markedly different. In sharp contrast with the structure-PKC inhibition relationships, we found that an anhydride function does not affect topoisomerase I inhibition, whereas a methyl group on the indole nitrogen prevents the poisoning of topoisomerase I. The compounds exhibiting a marked toxicity to P388 leukemia cells had little or no effect on the growth of P388CPT5 cells which are resistant to the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin. This study reinforces the conclusion that the DNA-topoisomerase I cleavable complex is the primary cellular target of the indolocarbazoles and significantly contributes to their cytotoxicity and possibly to their weak but noticeable anti-HIV-1 activities. The structure-activity relationships are also discussed.
Population of N<sub>2</sub>(A<sup>3</sup>Σ<sub>u</sub><sup>+</sup>) metastable states in a pure nitrogen glow discharge (1981)

The concentration of the nitrogen metastable molecule N2(A 3 Sigma u+) is determined in a pure nitrogen glow discharge as a function of the pressure (from 0.1 to 2 Torr) and of the discharge current (up to 30 mA cm-2) using the optical absorption of the first positive system bands. The absorption maximum is of the order of 2% corresponding to a N2(A 3 Sigma u+, nu =0) concentration of about 1.4*1012 cm-3. Measurements of the concentration of nitrogen atoms, the electronic field are also reported. A kinetic model indicates that the N2(A) molecules are created by electronic excitation from ground-state molecules and lost mainly by diffusion to the walls and collisions with N(4S) atoms.
Peroxy radical cyclization as a model for prostaglandin biosynthesis (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeroxy radical cyclization as a model for prostaglandin biosynthesisNed A. Porter and Max O. FunkCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 24, 3614–3615Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00912a037RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (281 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts