gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparator Power Reduction in Low-Frequency SAR ADC Using Optimized Vote Allocation (2014)

When operating at scaled supply voltages, the primary source of performance degradation in a successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is the comparator thermal noise. Low-noise comparator can be used but at the expense of increased power dissipation. This paper presents an approach to reduce the comparator power in SAR ADCs. A mathematical model of a SAR ADC derived in this paper suggests that using the same comparator noise variance for each bit cycle is suboptimal and results in more power consumption than necessary. A noise programmable comparator based on majority vote technique is proposed to adjust the comparator noise performance at each bit step. As a proof of concept, a 10-bit SAR ADC that operates at 0.5-V supply voltage and supports a flexible differential input dynamic range from 0.4 to 1 V has been fabricated in 65-nm CMOS process. The prototype achieves an effective number of bits ranging from 7.1 to 9.1 bits and a figure of merit from 3.3 to 6.8 fJ/conversion step while operating at 250 kS/s.
Bulged-out nucleotides in an antisense RNA are required for rapid target RNA binding<i>in vitro</i>and inhibition<i>in vivo</i> (1995)

Naturally occurring antisense RNAs in prokaryotes are generally short, highly structured and untranslated. Stem-loops are always present, and loop regions serve as primary recognition structures in most cases. Single-stranded tails or internal unstructured regions are required for initiation of stable pairing between antisense and target RNA. Most antisense RNAs contain bulged-out nucleotides or small internal loops in upper stem regions. Here we investigated the role of the bulged-out nucleotides of CopA (the copy number regulator of plasmid R1) in determining the binding properties of this antisense RNA to its target in vitro and the efficiency of a translational inhibition in vivo. The introduction of perfect helicity in the region of the two bulges in CopA decreased pairing rate constants by up to 180-fold, increased equilibrium dissociation constants of the 'kissing intermediate' up to 14-fold, and severely impaired inhibition of repA expression. A previously described loop size mutant of CopA showed decreased pairing rates, but, in contrast to the bulge-less mutant CopAs, shows a decreased dissociation constant of the 'kissing complex'. We conclude that removal of the specific bulges/internal loops within the stem-loop II of CopA impairs the inhibitor, and that creation of an internal loop at a different position does not restore activity, emphasizing the optimal folding of wild-type CopA. The accompanying paper shows that an additional function of bulges can be protection from RNase III cleavage.
Correlation between chemical structure and biological activities of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> synthetic lipopeptide derivatives (2006)

We recently separated a PG1828-encoded triacylated lipoprotein (Pg-LP), composed of two palmitoyl and one pentadecanoyl groups at the N-terminal of glycerocysteine from Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontopathic bacteria, and found that Pg-LP exhibited definite biological activities through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2. In the present study, we synthesized 12 different Pg-LP N-terminal peptide moieties (PGTP) using four combinations of glyceryl (R and S) and cysteinyl (l and d) stereoisomers, and three different acyl group regioisomers, N-pentadecanoyl derivative (PGTP1), S-glycero 2-pentadecanoyl derivative (PGTP2) and S-glycero 3-pentadecanoyl derivative (PGTP3). All the PGTP compounds (RL, SL, SD, RD) tested showed TLR2-dependent cell activation. The activating capacities of the PGTP-R compounds were more potent than those of the PGTP-S compounds, whereas there were no differences between the PGTP-L and -D compounds. Furthermore, the production of interleukin (IL)-6 following stimulation with the PGTP1-RL, PGTP2-RL and PGTP3-RL compounds was impaired in peritoneal macrophages from TLR2 knock-out (KO), but not those from TLR1 KO or TLR6 KO mice. These results suggest that P. gingivalis triacylated lipopeptides are capable of activating host cells in a TLR2-dependent and TLR1-/TLR6-independent manner, and the fatty acid residue at the glycerol position in the PGTP molecule plays an important role in recognition by TLR2.
Binaural Release From Masking for Speech and Gain in Intelligibility (1967)

Relative importance of different frequency regions in binaural release from masking (for detection) and binaural gain in intelligibility was investigated. Experiments showed that the release from masking (SπN0 case) for single words in high-level, broad-band Gaussian noise is roughly 13 dB and is determined primarily by interaural phase opposition in the low-frequency (&lt;500 Hz) region. The binaural gain in intelligibility at the 50% level was on the order of 6 dB and only partly dependent on interaural phase opposition in the low-frequency region. Interaural amplitude differences were not considered in the investigation. Subjecting the speech to a large interaural time dealy with the noise binaurally in phase resulted in a relatively constant masking level difference approaching 13 dB over the measured range from 0.5 to 10 msec. The corresponding binaural gain in intelligibility at the 50% level was on the order of 3 dB.
The Risk of Revision After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Among Statin Users (2010)

The use of statins was associated with a substantially lower revision risk following primary total hip arthroplasty. Statins, however, should not be prescribed to healthy patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty in order to improve the longevity of the replacement until further studies have confirmed our finding and the mechanisms for this association have been clarified.
Generation of optical vortices in a degenerate optical resonator with an intra-cavity spiral phase plate (2017)

We propose to generate optical vortices using a degenerate optical resonator with an intra-cavity spiral phase plate (SPP). The rays retracing skewed V-shaped paths in the resonator are phase-locked to form vortex laser with wavefront dislocation mirroring the topological charge of the SPP. Experimental demonstrations on diode-pumped solid state system using Nd:YAG crystal emitted randomly polarized optical vortices at a wavelength of 1064nm when the pump power went above 1.52W and the slope efficiency was 0.19. For long-term operations a power fluctuation of 2.2\% and pointing stability of 2.6$μ$rads was measured. This system also serves an useful platform to study the laser dynamics and to combine radiations coherently.
Essential role of neutrophils in anti‐type II collagen antibody and lipopolysaccharide‐induced arthritis (2006)

In mice arthritis model induced by anti-type II collagen (CII) antibodies and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), most of cells that infiltrated into the joint space were neutrophils. To investigate the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of arthritis, we depleted the neutrophils in vivo by injection of the antibody against Gr-1 expressed mainly on neutrophils. The neutrophil depletion completely inhibited the arthritis development. Furthermore, neutrophil depletion in mice that had already developed arthritis ameliorated the disease. These results showed that neutrophils are indispensable not only for the development, but also for the maintenance of arthritis. Next, we tried to develop arthritis in C5-deficient mice to investigate the involvement of C5a, one of chemotactic factors for neutrophils. C5-deficient mice showed significant reduction in arthritis development in comparison with wild type mice. Injection of pertussis toxin (Ptx) into the mice, which inhibits the signals from the inhibitory G-protein coupled-receptors including the C5a receptor, suppressed the development of arthritis. Furthermore, Ptx also ameliorated the arthritis when injected into mice that had already developed the disease. These results suggest the important role of chemotactic factors involving C5a and inhibitory G-protein (Gi)-coupled receptors not only in the development, but also in the maintenance of arthritis.
Solar-driven gas turbine power plants (2013)

A general model for an irreversible solar-driven Brayton multi-step heat engine is presented. The model incorporates a regenerator, an arbitrary number of turbines (N t ) and compressors (N c ) and the corresponding reheating and intercooling processes; thus the solar-driven Ericsson cycle is a particular case where N t , N c . For the solar collector we assume linear heat losses and for the Brayton multi-step cycle irreversibilities arising from the non-ideal behavior of turbines and compressors, pressure drops in the heat input and heat release, heat leakage through the plant to the surroundings, and non-ideal couplings of the working fluid with the external heat reservoirs. We obtain the collector temperatures at which maximum overall efficiency max is reached as a function of the thermal plant pressure ratio and a detailed comparison for several plant configurations is given.
Affinity labeling of a phosphorylcholine binding mouse myeloma protein (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAffinity labeling of a phosphorylcholine binding mouse myeloma proteinBruce Chesebro and Henry MetzgerCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 5, 766–771Publication Date (Print):February 29, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 29 February 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00755a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations241LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (681 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new simple sensorless control method for switched reluctance motor drives (2005)

In this paper, a new impedance sensing method is described. This method overcomes the shortcomings of the impedance sensing method. According to the new method, sensing voltage pulse is applied to the idle phase in the minimum inductance region and the beginning of the increasing inductance region to detect rotor position. The negative torque produced by the sensing voltage pulse can be neglected in the minimum inductance region and the efficiency of SRM is improved. In the minimum inductance region the back EMF can be neglected. And in the increasing inductance region the EMF opposes the rise of current in the phase, so the position estimation scheme is reliable. Therefore the new "impedance sensing" method is sufficiently precise even under the high back EMF effect. The adjustment of turn-on angle and turn-off angle is also easy to be realized. The technique is very useful in applications where cost or size is primary concerns, such as electric bicycle drives. Experimental results are presented to verify the proposed method.
Addendum to the International Consensus Statement on Testing and Reporting of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (2003)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) tests are used to diagnose and monitor inflammatory activity in Wegener granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis and its renal-limited variant (pauciimmune crescentic glomerulonephritis), and Churg-Strauss syndrome. The International Consensus Statement on testing and reporting of ANCA states that ANCA are demonstrated most readily in these conditions by using a combination of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) of normal peripheral blood neutrophils and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) that detect ANCA specific for proteinase 3 or myeloperoxidase. The group that produced the International Consensus Statement has developed guidelines for the corresponding quality control activities, examples of comments for various IIF patterns and ELISA results, and recommendations for ANCA testing when inflammatory bowel disease and other nonvasculitic ANCA-associated autoimmune diseases are suspected.
High Responsivity and Gate Tunable Graphene‐MoS<sub>2</sub> Hybrid Phototransistor (2014)

A 2D atomic-layer-thickness phototransistor based on a graphene-MoS2 bybrid device is constructed with a photoresponse much larger than that of individual graphene or MoS2 based phototransistors. Strong and selective light absorption in the MoS2 layer creates electric charges that are transferred to graphene layers derived by a build-in electrical field, where they recirculate many times due to the high carrier mobility of graphene. Gate tunable Fermi level in graphene layer allows the responsivity of this hybrid phototransistor to be continuously tuned from 0 to about 10(4) mA/W by the gate voltage. Furthermore, large scale, flexible, and transparent 2D phototransistors with high responsivity are constructed from the CVD-grown graphene and MoS2 flakes. The high responsivity, gate-tunable sensitivity, wavelength selectivity, and compatibility with current circuit technologies of this type device give it great potential for future application in integrated nano-optoelectronic systems.
The Effect of Peak Count or Surface Roughness on Coating Performance (2006)

Abstract Putting a long-held assumption about surface profile to the test, the authors show this: profile peak count can be measured, it can be controlled, and it does make a difference in coating performance.
Sequence homologies in the 5' regions of four Drosophila heat-shock genes. (1981)

We report nucleotide sequences of the regions surrounding the 5' ends of the genes for Drosophila melanogaster heat-shock proteins hsp83, hsp68, and hsp26, located at chromosome positions 63BC, 95D, and 67B, respectively. As in other eukaryotic genes, the sequence T-A-T-A-A-A-A-T occurs about 30 nucleotides upstream from the sites of mRNA initiation. Three additional sequence homologies and a dyad symmetry were noted at approximately corresponding locations in the three genes and in the gene for another heat-shock protein, hsp70. We also found an intron near the 5' end of the hsp83 gene, with sequences at its boundaries typical of splice sites found in other organisms.
Spectral characteristics of coupled-waveguide Bragg-reflection tunable optical filter (1993)

The transmission and reflection spectrum of the coupled-waveguide Bragg-reflection filter are computed by a new method. The filter is based on the use of a Bragg grating to obtain contradirectional coupling between two dissimilar waveguides. The analysis shows that the tuning range should be similar to that of a simple Bragg grating filter, but with the advantage of having the output separated from the input. This device could also be used as a selective tap in a wavelength-division multiplexing system
The broad‐spectrum anti‐emetic activity of the novel non‐peptide tachykinin NK<sub>1</sub> receptor antagonist GR203040 (1995)

1. Following our earlier observations that the tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist CP-99,994 is an effective anti-emetic in ferrets, we have examined the anti-emetic effects of a more potent and novel NK1 receptor antagonist, GR203040, against various emetic stimuli in the ferret, dog and house musk shrew (Suncus murinus). 2. In ferrets, GR203040 (0.1 mg kg-1 s.c. or i.v.) is effective against emesis induced by radiation, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, copper sulphate, ipecacuanha or morphine. 3. In animals in which emesis had been established with cisplatin, GR203040 (1 mg kg-1 s.c.) was fully effective as an interventional treatment. No further emesis was seen in animals treated with GR203040 whilst saline-treated animals continued to vomit. 4. GR203040 (0.1 mg kg-1 s.c.) retains anti-emetic efficacy in the ferret, even when given as a 6 h pretreatment, indicating that this compound has a long duration of action. The compound is also effective orally at the same dose, when given as a 90 min pretreatment. 5. GR203040 (0.1 mg kg-1 i.v.) is fully effective against ipecacuanha-induced emesis in the dog. 6. GR203040 is effective against motion- and cisplatin-induced emesis in Suncus murinus. These effects were seen at doses an order of magnitude greater than those shown to be effective against cisplatin in the ferret. 7. In conclusion, GR203040 is a novel anti-emetic agent, and the broad spectrum of anti-emetic activity, together with activity observed in three species, suggests that this compound is worthy of clinical investigation.
Intermittent and Continuous Administration of the Bisphosphonate Ibandronate in Ovariohysterectomized Beagle Dogs: Effects on Bone Morphometry and Mineral Properties (1999)

Bisphosphonates have emerged as a valuable treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bisphosphonate treatment is usually accompanied by a 3-6% gain in bone mineral density (BMD) during the first year of treatment and by a decrease in bone turnover. Despite low bone turnover, BMD continues to increase slowly beyond the first year of treatment. There is evidence that bisphosphonates not only increase bone volume but also enhance secondary mineralization. The present study was conducted to address this issue and to compare the effects of continuous and intermittent bisphosphonate therapy on static and dynamic parameters of bone structure, formation, and resorption and on mineral properties of bone. Sixty dogs were ovariohysterectomized (OHX) and 10 animals were sham-operated (Sham). Four months after surgery, OHX dogs were divided in six groups (n = 10 each). They received for 1 year ibandronate daily (5 out of 7 days) at a dose of 0, 0.8, 1.2, 4.1, and 14 microg/kg/day or intermittently (65 microg/kg/day, 2 weeks on, 11 weeks off). Sham dogs received vehicle daily. At month 4, there was a significant decrease in bone volume in OHX animals (p < 0.05). Doses of ibandronate >/= 4.1 microg/kg/day stopped or completely reversed bone loss. Bone turnover (activation frequency) was significantly depressed in OHX dogs given ibandronate at the dose of 14 microg/kg/day. This was accompanied by significantly higher crystal size, a higher mineral-to-matrix ratio, and a more uniformly mineralized bone matrix than in control dogs. This finding lends support to the hypothesis that an increase in secondary mineralization plays a role in gain in BMD associated with bisphosphonate treatment. Moreover, intermittent and continuous therapies had a similar effect on bone volume. However, intermittent therapy was more sparing on bone turnover and bone mineral properties. Intermittent therapy could therefore represent an attractive alternative approach to continuous therapy.
Signaling Across the Cell Membrane (2007)

Structural and functional studies shed light on how G protein-coupled receptors sense external stimuli.
Visualizing Project Evolution through Abstract Syntax Tree Analysis (2016)

What is a developer's contribution to a repository? By only counting commits and number of lines changed, existing tools that visualize source code repositories (such as GitHub's graphs) fall short on showing the effective contributions made by each developer. When many commits are viewed as a group, the details are lost. Commit information can be misleading since lines of code give no indication of what was actually being worked on without careful examination of the changed code. Providing a semantic view of this information could provide deeper insights into how software projects evolve since changes to design and features are not clearly visible from line changes alone. We present TypeV: a method for visualizing Java source code repositories. Instead of counting line changes in a commit we extract detailed type information over time by using the differences between abstract syntax trees (ASTs). We are then able to track the additions and deletions of declarations and invocations for each type. Furthermore, we can track each author's type usage over time. Using TypeV, we examine specific cases in well-known repositories where our tool reveals interesting and useful information. We then compare type coverage information from the AST compared to file coverage to determine if unique information is provided by type information.
Effect of Aging on Pheromone Emission from a Commercial Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Lure and Trap Efficiency (2005)

The effect of aging on a commercial pheromone-based lure for attractiveness to male adult beet armyworms, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), was assessed in terms of trapping efficiency and volatile emissions of two key components: (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol. In field assays conducted in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, for 9 wk (June–August 2000) and for 8 wk (March–May) in Tamaulipas, Mexico, 0–1-wk-old lures collected greater than four-fold more male beet armyworm adults than lures that had been aged for 3–4 wk. Using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatographic analysis of the volatiles, mean (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate emission declined by 32% after 5 wk of aging in a ventilated environmental chamber at 29.4°C, 35% RH, to simulate subtropical summers. Mean (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol emission was reduced by 62% after 4 wk of aging. Under the tropical and subtropical conditions of this study, the capacity of the lure to attract moths into the trap declined after aging for 3 wk. The blend ratio (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate:(Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol declined 29% when the lure was aged for 5 wk. This study will assist in the development of a standard trapping system for assessing adult beet armyworm populations in the tropical and subtropical conditions to which the species is endemic.
Pyrroles and related compounds. Part XXXII. Biosynthesis of protoporphyrin-IX from coproporphyrinogen-III (1974)

New syntheses of 4,6,7-tris-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-2-vinylporphyrin (2c) and its 4-vinyl isomer (2d), from pyrromethanes, are reported. These porphyrins and coproporphyrin-III tetramethyl ester (2b) were labelled at the meso-positions with tritium, and incubated in the form of the porphyrinogen carboxylic acids, with a cell-free system from Euglena gracilis. Coproporphyrinogen-III (3b), the standard for the system, was incorporated into protoporphyrin-IX (1a) to the extent of 2·0%, whereas the 2- and 4-vinylporphyrinogens gave incorporations of 3·0 and 0·5%, respectively. These results show conclusively that, in the biosynthesis of protoporphyrin-IX from corproporphyrinogen-III in Euglena gracilis, the 2-propionic acid group is converted into vinyl before the 4-substituent is modified. Further confirmation was obtained by detection of radiochemically labelled 2-vinylporphyrinogen (3c)[by isolation of the corresponding porphyrin (1c) using dilution analysis] as a product of the coproporphyrinogen-III feeding; the isomeric identity of the porphyrin (1c) was established using high-pressure liquid chromatography.
CRISPR: a new method for genetic engineering – A prokaryotic immune component may potentially open a new era of gene silencing (2014)

published