gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of <i>gcpE</i> as a novel gene of the 2‐<i>C</i>‐methyl‐<scp>D</scp>‐erythritol 4‐phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2001)

The 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis is essential in most eubacteria and plants and has remarkable biotechnological interest. However, only the first steps of this pathway have been determined. Using bioinformatic and genetic approaches, we have identified gcpE as a novel gene of the MEP pathway. The distribution of this gene in bacteria and plants strictly parallels that of the gene encoding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, which catalyses the first committed step of the MEP pathway. Our data demonstrate that the gcpE gene is essential for the MEP pathway in Escherichia coli and indicate that this gene is required for the trunk line of the isoprenoid biosynthetic route.
Charged point defects in semiconductors and the supercell approximation (2002)

The effects of the supercell approximation in first-principles calculations for isolated, charged point defects in semiconductors and insulators are studied. The convergence of the Coulomb energy with respect to the supercell size is investigated. Quantitative numerical results for the standard uniform compensating charge and the newly proposed localized compensating charge scheme are presented for a prototypical defect, the doubly positive silicon self-interstitial.
Ghrelin, A Novel Placental-Derived Hormone<sup>1</sup> (2001)

Ghrelin, a GH-releasing acylated peptide, has been recently identified from the rat stomach. The purified peptide consists of 28 amino acids in which the serine 3 residue is n-octanoylated. Here we show that ghrelin messenger RNA and ghrelin peptide are present in the human as well as in rat placentae. In human placenta, ghrelin was detected by PCR at both first trimester and after delivery. While ghrelin was not detected by immunohistochemistry in human placenta at term, it was easily identified by immunohistochemistry at first trimester being mainly expressed in cytotrophoblast cells and scarcely in syncytiotrophoblast ones. Ghrelin was also identified in a human choriocarcinoma cell line, the BeWo cells. Ghrelin was found, by immunohistochemistry, in the cytoplasm of labyrinth trophoblast of rat placenta, whereas other placental cell types seems to be negative for ghrelin immunostaining. Moreover, placental ghrelin messenger RNA, in pregnant rats, showed a characteristic profile of expression being practically undetectable during early pregnancy, with a sharp peak of expression at day 16 and decreasing in the latest stages of gestation. In conclusion, ghrelin has been detected in human and rat placenta showing a pregnancy-related time course of expression. Whether placenta-derived ghrelin is involved in the modulation of GH release, or placental cell growth and differentiation remains to be established.
The Biological Variation of C-Reactive Protein in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (2005)

An inverse relationship between increased C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and insulin sensitivity has occurred in individuals with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) (1) and is thought to contribute to an increased risk of coronary heart disease (2). However, no data currently exist on the biological variability of CRP and insulin resistance within the same individuals with PCOS, information that is essential to assess the full relationship between the two measures. We describe a study to establish whether a PCOS patient’s CRP concentration remains within narrow biological limits or varies more widely over a given time period, as well as to correlate its variability to that of insulin resistance.

Twelve overweight [mean (SD) body mass index (BMI), e.g., 33.2 (6.3) kg/m2] Caucasian women, diagnosed with PCOS [median (range) age, 28 (18–31) years], and 11 weight-matched Caucasian women [controls; mean (SD) BMI, 29.9 (3.3) kg/m2], with regular menses (every 28–30 days) and without PCOS [median (range) age, 30 (19–33) years], participated in the study. The BMI in the PCOS group was not significantly greater ( P = 0.151) than that of the control group. Diagnosis of PCOS was based on evidence of hyperandrogenemia [defined as free androgen index >8; mean (SD) index: PCOS group, 21.85 (7.95); controls, 4.68 (2.05)], with a history of oligomenorrhea and hirsutism or acne. Mean (SD) concentrations of testosterone and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) in the PCOS group compared with the control group …
The deformation of flexible PDMS microchannels under a pressure driven flow (2008)

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannels are commonly used microfluidic structures that have a wide variety of biological testing applications, including the simulation of blood vessels to study the mechanics of vascular disease. In these studies in particular, the deformation of the channel due to the pressure inside is a critical parameter. We describe a method for using fluorescence microscopy to quantify the deformation of such channels under pressure driven flow. Additionally, the relationship between wall thickness and channel deformation is investigated. PDMS microchannels of varying top wall thickness were created using a soft lithography process. A solution of fluorescent dye is pumped through the channels at constant volume flow rates and illuminated. Pressure and fluorescence intensity are measured at five positions along the length of the channel. Fluorescence measurements are then used to determine deformation, using the linear relationship of dye layer thickness and intensity. A linear relationship between pressure and microchannel deformation is measured. Pressure drops and deformations closely correspond to values predicted by the model in most cases. Additionally, measured pressure drops are found to be up to 35% less than the pressure drop in a rigid-walled channel, and channel wall thickness is found to have an increasing effect as the channel wall thickness decreases.
[Atherosclerosis and bisphosphonate]. (2003)

Bisphosphonates are widely used for the treatment of osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, Paget's disease, and osteolytic disease due to malignant tumor or its metastasis. Certain compounds of bisphosphonates have been shown to inhibit the development of experimental atherosclerosis without altering serum lipid profile. Recently, etidronate has been demonstrated to prevent the thickening of carotid arterial wall in diabetic patients associated with osteopenia. These findings may illuminate clinical application of bisphosphonates for the treatment of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification.
Spontaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon: pathology and management. (1993)

Rupture of the Achilles tendon, one of the strongest tendons in the body, can cause significant long-term morbidity if diagnosis or treatment is delayed. This article discusses the current debate concerning the ideal management of these injuries, as well as their pathology and diagnosis.
Effect of Dietary Astaxanthin on Free Radical Scavenging Capacity and Nitrite Stress Tolerance of Postlarvae Shrimp,<i>Pleoticus muelleri</i> (2014)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of astaxanthin feed supplementation and environmental nitrite stress in postlarvae of Pleoticus muelleri (15 ± 0.004 mg initial weight) under culture conditions. Diets containing three levels of astaxanthin, 0 mg kg(-1) of diet (C0), 100 mg kg(-1) of diet (C(100)), and 300 mg kg(-1) of diet (C(300)), were used. Postlarvae fed with each diet were exposed to different concentrations of nitrite (NO(2)Na) (0-200 mg L(-1)). The 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) values of nitrite N were 76.3, 89.7, and 157 mg L(-1) for shrimps fed to C0, C(100), and C(300). The scavenging properties were evaluated against the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical by electron resonance spectroscopy (EPR). For all feed treatments, the extracts exhibited strong DPPH scavenging activity; however, shrimp fed with C(100) and C(300) showed the greatest activity to quench DPPH (62 and 59%, respectively) with respect to C0 (43%). It can be concluded that astaxanthin acts as a protector of nitrite stress in P. muelleri.
Pro- and antioxidative effect of ascorbic acid on L-tryptophan in the system iron(3+)/ascorbic acid/oxygen (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPro- and antioxidative effect of ascorbic acid on L-tryptophan in the system iron(3+)/ascorbic acid/oxygenHans. Steinhart, Martin. Vollmar, and Cornelia. SailerCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 12, 2275–2277Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00036a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (332 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Oxidative Cleavage of <i>vic</i>-Diols to Aldehydes with Dioxygen Catalyzed by Ru(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> on Active Carbon (1999)

[reaction: see text] A variety of vic-diols were first successfully cleaved to the corresponding aldehydes with dioxygen catalyzed by Ru(PPh3)3Cl2 on active carbon in fair to good yields. For example, treatment of 1,2-octandiol and 1,2-cyclooctanediol with dioxygen in the presence of Ru(PPh3)3Cl2/C in PhCF3 at 60 degrees C for 15 h produced heptanal and 1,8-octanedial in 77% and 76% yields, respectively.
Temporal Strategies in a Multi-Agent Contracting Protocol (1997)

Much recent work in automated contracting in multi-agent environments has focused on the design and analy-sis of protocols that encourage customers and suppliers to negotiate fairly, and that attempt to reduce unproductive strategic counterspeculation. Most of these studies focus on how the static structure of the protocol may result in strategic behavior on the part of the participants. In this paper, we show that the timing of various protocol ele-ments can also encourage or curtail counterspeculation. We fzrst present a general and flexible negotiation proto-col for a market domain in which a group of heteroge-neous, self-interested agents formulate, or are given, goals to accomplish for which they may lack resources or capa-bilities. Therefore, they must enter into contracts with each other in order to accomplish these goals. We then show how selection of the timing elements within our protocol can affect the behaviors of the agents involved in the negotiation. We also show how placing limits on the values of some of these timing elements can reduce or eliminate some types of time-based counterspeculation. Keywords multi-agent contracting, negotiation protocols, planning, counterspeculation, electronic commerce, virtual markets, multi-enterprise manufacturing, market mechanism design
Ferroelectric Emission Cathodes for Low-Power Electric Propulsion (2002)

Low- or no-flow electron emitters are required for low-power electric thrusters, spacecraft plasma contactors, and electrodynamic tether systems to reduce or eliminate the need for propellant/expellant. Expellant-less neutralizers can improve the viability of very low-power colloid thrusters, field emission electric propulsion devices, ion engines, Hall thrusters, and gridded vacuum arc thrusters. The NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) is evaluating ferroelectric emission (FEE) cathodes as zero expellant flow rate cathode sources for the applications listed above. At GRC, low voltage (100s to approx. 1500 V) operation of FEE cathodes is examined. Initial experiments, with unipolar, bipolar, and RF burst applied voltage, have produced current pulses 250 to 1000 ns in duration with peak currents of up to 2 A at voltages at or below 1500 V. In particular, FEE cathodes driven by RF burst voltages from 1400 to 2000 V peak to peak, at burst frequencies from 70 to 400 kHz, emitted average current densities from 0.1 to 0.7 A/sq cm. Pulse repeatability as a function of input voltage has been initially established. Reliable emission has been achieved in air background at pressures as high as 10(exp -6) Torr.
Paper Electrophoretic Separation of Fission Products (1981)

Paper electrophoretic separation of fission products has been carried out by using the specially designed migration apparatus. In general, the isolation of rubidium, strontium, zirconium, ruthenium, cesium, cerium, molybdenum, and some short-lived fission products is more efficient under 0.1M HCl electrolyte as compared with 0.1M NaOH electrolyte. In addition to Np-239, 1-131∼135 were, in particular, observed with different iodine chemical species obtained by the paper-electrophoretic separation of short, neutron-irradiated uranyl nitrate solution.
Replication of bovine papillomavirus type 1 DNA initiates within an E2-responsive enhancer element (1990)

When bovine papillomavirus transforms cells in vitro, it maintains its genome as a multicopy nuclear plasmid. Plasmid DNA extracted from such transformed cells was analyzed by the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique of Brewer and Fangman (B. Brewer and W. Fangman, Cell 51:463-471, 1987). The replication intermediates detected in these assays were found to be the sums of the oligomeric and monomeric forms of the replicating plasmids. The multimeric DNAs were shown by field inversion gel electrophoresis and partial restriction digestion to be head-to-tail concatemers of the monomeric forms. Furthermore, the multimers progressed in size by steps of one monomer, indicating that they did not arise by replication segregation mistakes of the unit length, which would predict a ladder spaced by integrals of two monomers. To map the plasmid DNA replication origin, the replication intermediates of the monomers were isolated by successive sucrose gradient centrifugation and then examined by the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis method. The patterns detected show that bovine papillomavirus type 1 replicates in these cells bidirectionally and that one replication origin site in the viral genome is utilized. By employing several restriction enzymes and specific viral DNA probes to dissect the replication intermediates, we were able to map the origin of initiation site with some precision. The initiation site, which maps to bovine papillomavirus type 1 DNA position 7730 +/- 100 bp, places the origin within that region of the viral upstream regulatory region which contains the major cluster of transcription factor E2-binding sites, E2RE1. Thus, the actual viral plasmid origin of replication maps near, but outside, genetic elements previously shown to be important for plasmid maintenance.
Characteristic and Synthetic Approach of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (2006)

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) exhibiting high selectivity and affinity tothe predetermined molecule (template) are now seeing a fast growing research. However,optimization of the imprinted products is difficult due to the fact that there are manyvariables to consider, some or all of which can potentially impact upon the chemical,morphological and molecular recognition properties of the imprinted materials. This reviewpresent a summary of the principal synthetic considerations pertaining to good practice in thepolymerization aspects of molecular imprinting, and is primarily aimed at researcher familiarwith molecular imprinting methods but with little or no prior experience in polymersynthesis. The synthesis, characteristic, effect of molecular recognition and differentpreparation methods of MIP in recent few years are discussed in this review, unsolvedproblems and possible developments of MIP were also been briefly discussed.
Characterization of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from the insect <i>Manduca sexta</i> (1998)

Manduca sexta is a nicotine-insensitive insect, the larval form of which feeds on tobacco. It has been postulated that its nicotine insensitivity may reflect the presence of a modified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor whose alpha subunits lack the amino acid residues necessary for binding nicotine: we have performed ligand binding assays and molecular cloning to examine this hypothesis. [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin bound specifically to both larval and adult membranes, with Kd values of 7.6 and 6.5 nM and Bmax values of 119 and 815 fmol/mg protein, respectively. The pharmacological profile of [1251]alpha-bungarotoxin binding was similar in both tissues. In particular, nicotine (Ki values: 1.6 microM and 2 microM for larvae and adults, respectively) competed with an affinity similar to that found for nicotine-sensitive insects. No alpha-bungarotoxin-insensitive binding sites labelled by [3H]epibatidine could be detected. Using the alpha-like subunit from the locust Schistocerca gregaria to probe two cDNA libraries, and by inverse PCR on circularized genomic DNA from Manduca sexta, we have obtained overlapping cDNA clones that contain the complete coding sequence of a putative nicotinic subunit from Manduca sexta (MARA1). No other alpha-subunit cDNAs were isolated using this probe, although it hybridized to multiple bands on Southern blots. The sequence of MARA1 is consistent with an alpha-like subunit capable of binding alpha-bungarotoxin, and it retains all those amino acids implicated in nicotine binding to vertebrate nicotinic receptors. Taken together, these findings provide no support for the hypothesis that the nicotine insensitivity of Manduca sexta is the result of a nicotinic receptor with diminished nicotine binding.
Crystal structure of a sulfur sorption complex of zeolite 4A (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal structure of a sulfur sorption complex of zeolite 4AKarl SeffCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1972, 76, 18, 2601–2605Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100662a023https://doi.org/10.1021/j100662a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views202Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Human Cytomegalovirus Activates Glucose Transporter 4 Expression To Increase Glucose Uptake during Infection (2010)

Glucose transport into mammalian cells is mediated by a group of glucose transporters (GLUTs) on the plasma membrane. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infected human fibroblasts (HFs) demonstrate significantly increased glucose consumption compared to mock-infected cells, suggesting a possible alteration in glucose transport during infection. Inhibition of GLUTs by using cytochalasin B indicated that infected cells utilize GLUT4, whereas normal HFs use GLUT1. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western analysis confirmed that GLUT4 levels are greatly increased in infected cells. In contrast, GLUT1 was eliminated by a mechanism involving the HCMV major immediate-early protein IE72. The HCMV-mediated induction of GLUT4 circumvents characterized controls of GLUT4 expression that involve serum stimulation, glucose concentration, and nuclear functions of ATP-citrate lyase (ACL). In infected cells the well-characterized Akt-mediated translocation of GLUT4 to the cell surface is also circumvented; GLUT4 localized on the surface of infected cells that were serum starved and had Akt activity inhibited. The significance of GLUT4 induction for the success of HCMV infection was indicated using indinavir, a drug that specifically inhibits glucose uptake by GLUT4. The addition of the drug inhibited glucose uptake in infected cells as well as viral production. Our data show that HCMV-specific mechanisms are used to replace GLUT1, the normal HF GLUT, with GLUT4, the major glucose transporter in adipose tissue, which has a 3-fold-higher glucose transport capacity.
Effects of Anisotropy in the Ultrasonic Attenuation of Tissue on Computed Tomography (1981)

We examine the consequences of anisotropy in the ultrasonic attenuation on computed tomography. A phenomenological model for anisotropy in the ultrasonic attenuation of soft, inhomogeneous, tissue-like media is presented. Based upon the model, the effects of anisotropy on transmission tomography are investigated analytically and by computer simulation for simple geometries. Sources of apparent anisotropy in ultrasonic measurements made on intrinsically isotropic media are also discussed. Results of simulations are compared with tomograms of tissue studied in vitro. In particular, reconstruction of a simulated anisotropic heart showed good agreement with the reconstruction of an actual heart.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> digestion of collagen covalently immobilized onto the silicone surface (1992)

In order to study the in vivo digestion of immobilized collagen and gelatin, these proteins labeled with 125I or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were covalently immobilized onto silicone surfaces, which were grafted with acrylic acid to introduce carboxyl groups, and implanted subcutaneously in rats and mice. When the proteins were labeled with FITC, the amount of proteins immobilized decreased with the increase of the number of FITC molecules conjugated with the protein molecule. In the wet state, FITC conjugated with the proteins was less stable than 125I. Approximately half of the amount of the immobilized proteins was digested in vivo within the first week and until 5 weeks after implantation the proteins were gradually digested. At that time, the amount of the proteins remaining on the silicone surface ranged from 0.6 to 1.0 microgram/cm2, which was several times larger than the amount of an assumed monolayer adsorption of proteins. Even after 15 weeks, the amount of proteins remaining on the silicone was almost the same as after 5 weeks. No significant difference in digestion was observed between collagen and gelatin, regardless of the labeling agent. Because of less stability and easier handling of FITC and higher stability and more difficult handling of 125I, FITC seems more suitable for short-term and 125I for long-term studies.