gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Reactivity of η<sup>5</sup>-Silolyl, η<sup>5</sup>-Germolyl, and η<sup>5</sup>-Germole Dianion Complexes of Zirconium and Hafnium (2000)

Reaction of 2 equiv of Li[C4Me4GeSiMe3] with Cp*HfMe2Cl produced the first transition metal complex of a germole dianion, [Cp*(η5-C4Me4Ge)HfMe2Li(THF)]2 (1), via the apparent elimination of Me3SiCl, along with C4Me4Ge(SiMe3)2 as the final Me3Si-containing product. Compound 1 adopts a dimeric structure in which one Li atom is sandwiched in an η5-fashion between two germole rings, while the other Li atom is coordinated by both germanium atoms. Reaction of 1 with an excess of Me3SiCl resulted in loss of the germole ligand as C4Me4Ge(SiMe3)2, while 2 equiv of Me3SiOSO2CF3 reacted with 1 to give the new germolyl complex Cp*[η5-C4Me4GeSiMe3]HfMe2 (2). Yet a different process results from treatment of 1 with CH3CH2OSO2CF3, involving migration of a methyl group from hafnium to germanium to produce Cp*(η4-C4Me4GeMeEt)HfMe (3). Reaction of 2 with H2 gave CH4 and Me3SiH as the result of σ-bond metathesis involving the germole-bound trimethylsilyl group and (presumably) an intermediate hafnium hydride species. Similarly, the reaction of 2 with PhSiH3 gave PhMeSiH2 and Me3SiH. Compound 2 also reacted with MeI to produce C4Me4Ge(Me)SiMe3, while the reaction with (Et2O)LiCH2Ph gave 1 and Me3SiCH2Ph. Compound 2 did not react cleanly with various small molecules (CO, CN(2,6-Me2C6H3), trimethylsilylacetylene, and benzophenone), nor with the methide abstraction reagents B(C6F5)3 and [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]. In addition, reaction of 2 with these abstraction reagents in the presence of 1-hexene or cyclohexene did not result in the formation of a polymer. The germole C4Me4Ge(H)CMe3 was prepared via reaction of C4Me4GeCl2 with 1.5 equiv of Me3CLi, followed by treatment with LiAlH4. This germole was cleanly deprotonated by nBuLi in THF to give the new germole anion Li[C4Me4GeCMe3] as a THF solvate. This anion reacted with Cp*HfMe2Cl to give the product of methyl migration from hafnium to germanium, Cp*[η4-C4Me4Ge(Me)CMe3]HfMe (4). Analogously, Li[C4Me4GePh] reacted with Cp*HfMe2Cl to give Cp*[η4-C4Me4Ge(Me)Ph]HfMe (5). Treatment of MgBr2(Et2O) with 2 equiv of K[C4Me4SiSiMe3] in THF resulted in formation of Mg[η1-C4Me4SiSiMe3]2(THF) (6). Reaction of 6 with Cp*ZrCl3 gave quantitative formation of Cp*[η5-C4Me4SiSiMe3]ZrCl2 (7), while the reaction of 6 with Cp*HfCl3 provided the previously reported complex Cp*[η5-C4Me4SiSiMe3]HfCl2 (8) in quantitative yield.
Deep Tree Learning for Zero-shot Face Anti-Spoofing (2019)

Face anti-spoofing is designed to keep face recognition systems from recognizing fake faces as the genuine users. While advanced face anti-spoofing methods are developed, new types of spoof attacks are also being created and becoming a threat to all existing systems. We define the detection of unknown spoof attacks as Zero-Shot Face Anti-spoofing (ZSFA). Previous works of ZSFA only study 1-2 types of spoof attacks, such as print/replay attacks, which limits the insight of this problem. In this work, we expand the ZSFA problem to a wide range of 13 types of spoof attacks, including print attack, replay attack, 3D mask attacks, and so on. A novel Deep Tree Network (DTN) is proposed to tackle the ZSFA. The tree is learned to partition the spoof samples into semantic sub-groups in an unsupervised fashion. When a data sample arrives, being know or unknown attacks, DTN routes it to the most similar spoof cluster, and make the binary decision. In addition, to enable the study of ZSFA, we introduce the first face anti-spoofing database that contains diverse types of spoof attacks. Experiments show that our proposed method achieves the state of the art on multiple testing protocols of ZSFA.
Heat Shock Response by the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon <i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i> (2003)

Collective transcriptional analysis of heat shock response in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus was examined by using a targeted cDNA microarray in conjunction with Northern analyses. Differential gene expression suggests that P. furiosus relies on a cooperative strategy of rescue (thermosome [Hsp60], small heat shock protein [Hsp20], and two VAT-related chaperones), proteolysis (proteasome), and stabilization (compatible solute formation) to cope with polypeptide processing during thermal stress.
Automation manufacturing systems technology for opto-electronic device packaging (2002)

In an effort to provide next-generation breakthroughs in photonics device manufacturing cost reduction and yield improvement, several new automation technologies have been developed and tested. Currently there are various fiber pigtailing assembly techniques successfully used in the industry including, epoxy, solder, mechanical fixture, and laser welding-the latter being the attachment technique most conducive to automation. While there have been substantial advancements at the optical sub-module level to address the low cost, high volume production issues, no well established device-handling strategy exists that can be deployed along the various phases of the manufacturing line. In this paper significant advancements in the areas of parts-handling, assembly automation, sub-micron weld-shift control, and automated post-weld fiber adjustment capabilities will be covered, along with examples of currently achievable device assembly processes. This multi-dimensioned device manufacturing automation strategy is based on some typical device designs and corresponding assembly and qualification processes currently used in the photonics device industry.
Cervical Cancer: Screening and Prevention of Invasive Disease (1995)

Cancer of the cervix is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women in the United States and accounts for more cancer deaths than any other cancer in third-world countries. Various screening procedures have been developed, but many issues need to be resolved for cervical cancer screening to be effective. Large segments of the population who do not undergo regular screening account for most of the patients with invasive cancers in the United States and worldwide. Allocation of resources and widespread educational programs for these target populations are needed to promote adequate cytologic screening programs and to reduce the death rate from squamous carcinoma of the cervix.
Computer programs for multilocus haplotyping of general pedigrees. (1995)

We have recently developed and implemented three different computer algorithms for accurate haplotyping with large numbers of codominant markers. Each of these algorithms employs likelihood criteria that correctly incorporate all intermarker recombination fractions. The three programs, HAPLO, SIMCROSS, and SIMWALK, are now available for haplotying general pedigrees. The HAPLO program will be distributed as part of the Programs for Pedigree Analysis package by Kenneth Lange. The SIMCROSS and SIMWALK programs are available by anonymous ftp from watson.hgen.pitt.edu. Each program is written in FORTRAN 77 and is distributed as source code. 15 refs.
Ultra-high-speed OTDM networks using semiconductor amplifier-based processing nodes (1995)

The use of semiconductor amplifiers in high speed communications systems is reviewed. Processing of signals at 10 Gb/s in a 40-Gb/s OTDM network is demonstrated using nonlinear loop mirror configurations, and mode locked ring lasers. Particular attention is paid to the role of carrier density modulation, long believed to be a detrimental effect, and its useful exploitation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the decision-directed equalization of constant modulus signals (2002)

Decision-directed (DD) equalization is the most primitive blind equalization (BE) method for the cancelling of inter-symbol-interference (ISI) in data communication systems. Even through DD equalizers are believed to be unable to open the channel eye when it is initially closed, this does not seem to be true in the of constant-modulus (CM) constellations (pure phase modulation). We investigate the shape of the DD cost function in this case and obtain several interesting results that indicate that the DD algorithm should be capable of opening a closed channel eye in the CM case. Based on this fact, we propose a novel hybrid CMA-DD equalization scheme that offers an appealing alternative to the generalized Sato (GSATO) algorithm, for QAM constellations. Our theoretical claims about the performance of DD equalizers as well as the performance of our novel scheme are verified through computer simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adenoviral Transfer of the Murine Oncostatin M Gene Suppresses Dextran-Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis (2003)

The use of biologics has promising potential in the treatment of inflammation. Studies with cultured cells and mouse models of disease have ascribed proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions to oncostatin M (OSM) and the related cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6). Here, we examined the effect of systemic administration of adenoviral (Ad) vectors encoding either murine OSM (AdMuOSM) or murine IL-6 (AdMuIL-6) in a mouse model of colitis. BALB/c mice were treated with a 5-day course of 4% dextran-sodium sulfate (DSS) water with or without administration of adenoviral vectors (i.p. or i.m. at 10(7) plaque-forming units [pfu]) given as a cotreatment or therapy. The deletion variant of the adenovirus served as a control for adenoviral infection. Colitis was assessed by (1) morphology (damage score, macrophage infiltration, apoptosis) and (2) function (myeloperoxidase activity and Ussing chamber analysis of epithelial ion transport). Infection with adenovirus alone did not affect colonic form or function. AdMuOSM (either i.p. or i.m.) significantly reduced the severity of the DSS-induced colitis. There was less damage, reduced macrophage infiltration, fewer apoptotic bodies, and a significant improvement in stimulated ion transport in colonic tissues from the treated mice. No benefit of AdMuIL-6 treatment was observed in this model system. Thus, systemic administration of AdMuOSM given as a cotreatment and to a lesser extent as a therapy was found to be of benefit in DSS-induced colitis, a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Diazabutadiene (DAB) Complexes of Aluminum. A New Mode of Coordination for a DAB Ligand (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiazabutadiene (DAB) Complexes of Aluminum. A New Mode of Coordination for a DAB LigandDavid S. Brown, Andreas Decken, Christopher A. Schnee, and Alan H. CowleyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 26, 6415–6416Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00130a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00130a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Design of high-performance CMOS priority encoders and incrementer/decrementers using multilevel lookahead and multilevel folding techniques (2002)

Lookahead signals to form the multilevel folding architecture for priority-encoding-based designs was used to improve the performance to the order of O(log N). Analysis showed that both the multilevel lookahead and the multilevel folding techniques could be easily merged and implemented in the dynamic CMOS circuits. For the 256-bit priority encoder, the new design adopting all the proposed techniques can achieve nearly ten times performance while spending nearly half the power consumption as compared to the conventional design, utilizing only a simple lookahead structure. For the 64-bit incrementer/decrementer, the new design adopting all the proposed techniques requires less than one-third delay time as compared to a high-speed carry-select adder (CSA)-based incrementer/decrementer. The power consumption evaluated at the maximum operating frequency and the transistor count of the new incrementer/decrementer are also reduced to 67% and 35%, respectively, as compared to the CSA-based design. The measurement results indicate that the proposed 256-bit priority encoder and the proposed 64-bit incrementer/decrementer can operate up to 116 and 139 MHz, respectively, when they are designed based on a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS technology.
La Chine, les talibans et le Xinjiang (2001)

http://www.diploweb.com/p5kell1.htm
Regulation of neuron survival and death by p130 and associated chromatin modifiers (2005)

E2F-mediated gene repression plays a key role in regulation of neuron survival and death. However, the key molecules involved in such regulation and the mechanisms by which they respond to apoptotic stimuli are largely unknown. Here we show that p130 is the predominant Rb family member associated with E2F in neurons, that its major partner for repression of pro-apoptotic genes is E2F4, and that the p130-E2F4 complex recruits the chromatin modifiers HDAC1 and Suv39H1 to promote gene silencing and neuron survival. Apoptotic stimuli induce neuron death by sequentially causing p130 hyperphosphorylation, dissociation of p130-E2F4-Suv39H1-HDAC complexes, altered modification of H3 histone and gene derepression. Experimental suppression of such events blocks neuron death while interference with the synthesis of E2F4 or p130, or with the interaction of E2F4-p130 with chromatin modifiers, induces neuron death. Thus, neuron survival and death are dependent on the integrity of E2F4-p130-HDAC/Suv39H1 complexes.
Molecular assembly, secretion, and matrix deposition of type VI collagen. (1986)

Monoclonal antibodies reactive with the tissue form of type VI collagen were used to isolate the type VI collagen polypeptides from cultured fibroblasts and muscle cells. Two [35S]methionine-labeled polypeptides of 260 and 140 kD were found intracellularly, in the medium, and in the extracellular matrix of metabolically labeled cells. These polypeptides were disulfide cross-linked into very large complexes. The 260- and 140-kD polypeptides were intimately associated and could not be separated from each other by reduction without denaturation. In the absence of ascorbic acid, both polypeptides accumulated inside the cell, and their amounts in the medium and in the matrix were decreased. These results suggest that both the 260- and the 140-kD polypeptides are integral parts of the type VI collagen molecule. Examination of type VI collagen isolated from the intracellular pool by electron microscopy after rotary shadowing revealed structures corresponding to different stages of assembly of type VI collagen. Based on these images, a sequence for the intracellular assembly of type VI collagen could be discerned. Type VI collagen monomers are approximately 125 nm long and are composed of two globules separated by a thin strand. The monomers assemble into dimers and tetramers by lateral association. Only tetramers were present in culture media, whereas both tetramers and multimers were found in extracellular matrix extracts. The multimers appeared to have assembled from tetramers by end-to-end association into filaments that had prominent knobs and a periodicity of approximately 110 nm. These results show that, unlike other collagens, type VI collagen is assembled into tetramers before it is secreted from the cells, and they also suggest an extracellular aggregation mechanism that appears to be unique to this collagen.
An investigation of the effects of curing conditions on the residual stress and dimensional stability in polyimide films/ (2021)

A number of aspects on the processing of PMDA-ODA polyimides have been investigated.These aspects included the effects of curing procedure on residual stress development in polyimide films, characterization of stresses arising in films during processing on tenter frames and the effects of stress history on irreversible shrinkage behavior.Chemical curing using a gel technique was found to reduce the development of residual stresses in PMDA-ODA films during cooling.Chemically cured polyimide fikns made from a gelation technique possessed consistently lower in-plane thermal expansion coefficients than thermally cured films.This was due to increased in-plane orientation development in the chemically cured films during drying.An analysis of stresses arising during tenter frame processing of polymeric films indicates the presence of large in-plane shear stresses as a result of stress gradients along the machine direction.These shear stresses vary linearly across the width of the line and are responsible for creating orientational anisotropy and non-uniformity profiles across the width as well.The principal directions of stress tend to lie at 45to the vi machine direction but may be altered by machine and transverse drawing by the frame.Methods to ehminate or at least reduce in-plane anisotropy were discussed as well.An investigation of strain storage behavior revealed a strong relationship between irreversible shrinkage and stress history in several different polymeric materials.Irreversible shrinkage in polyimide films was found to be largely due to the coolmg of the materials under stress.Shrinkage behavior in PMDA-ODA and Upilex-R fihns could be described in a quantitative manner using linear viscoelasticity.Two forms of highly crystalline PMDA-ODA based polyimide were formed by a high pressure imidization process.Polyimide powder with a density of 1.460.01g/cm3was formed by curing a polyamic acid solution in dimethylacetamide at 200C and 1.38 MPa.Heat treatment of chemically cured gel films under the same conditions resulted in films with a density of 1.440.01g/cm^.
Exact and efficient computation of noise covariance for fan-beam FBP reconstructions that use rebinning to parallel-beam geometry (2012)

X-ray CT data collected in fan-beam geometry is often rebinned to parallel-beam geometry before image reconstruction. In this work, we propose an exact, efficient method to analytically calculate the covariance between image pixels for an FBP reconstruction when such a rebinning step is performed. As a special case, the method also enables calculation of image variance. Our approach builds on a previous investigation of noise covariance for direct fan-beam FBP reconstruction, and encompasses commonly used variants of parallel-beam rebinning algorithms that include data interleaving steps to process fan-beam data acquired with either a quarter-detector offset or a flying focal spot. The accuracy of the variance and covariance calculation results is validated through comparison with Monte Carlo estimates.
Whole Grain Amylose Analysis in Maize Using Near‐Infrared Transmittance Spectroscopy (1997)

ABSTRACT The development of genetically modified starches has relied on the use of maize ( Zea mays L.) endosperm mutant alleles that alter starch structural and physical properties. A rapid method for predicting amylose content would benefit breeders and commercial handlers of specialty starch corn. For this reason, a study was conducted to investigate the use of near‐infrared transmittance spectroscopy (NITS) as a rapid and nondestructive technique for predicting grain amylose content (GAC) in maize. Many single‐ and double‐mutant inbreds and hybrids were used to create a calibration set for the development of a predictive model using partial least squares analysis. A validation set composed of similar genetic material was used to test the prediction model. A coefficient of correlation ( r ) of 0.94 was observed between GAC values determined colorimetrically and those predicted by NITS; however, the predicted values were associated with a large standard error of prediction (SEP = 3.5). Overall, NITS discriminated well among high amylose and waxy genotypes. The NITS calibration was used to determine levels of contamination by normal kernels in waxy and high‐amylose (Amy VII) grain samples intended for wet milling. In both cases, a 5% contaminated sample could be detected from pure samples according to predicted NITS values.
Mouse plasmacytoma: an experimental model of human multiple myeloma. (2001)

Taken together, all these models have contributed to our understanding of MM, but demonstrate the opportuness of developing a more appropriate model of the human disease.
Silicon-rich silicon nitride thin films for subwavelength grating metalens (2019)

In this work, high performance subwavelength grating metalens is demonstrated with high-refractive-index silicon-rich silicon nitride material compatible with CMOS fabrication processes. Conventional metalens materials namely TiO2 and GaN require expensive and time-consuming deposition processes such as atomic layer deposition (ALD) and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). In order to improve the cost efficiency of metalens and its performance, the trade-offs between refractive index, fabrication difficulty and metalens performance is studied. We propose a feasible approach that is silicon-rich nitride (SiNx) as metalens material, which balance the trade-offs between refractive index and fabrication difficulty to large extent. With the advantage of ultra-high refractive index SiNx (n = 2.74) at 685 nm incidence, we are able to shrink the pitch size to unprecedented 220 nm. A propagation-phase-based grating metalens is fabricated and characterized for proof of concept. In addition, the optical parameters (n & k) can easily be adjusted through the deposition process. Our work has also promised a new degree of freedom for future optimization of metalens.
Diffraction Patterns Obtained by Scanning Electron Microscope (1972)

Abstract Kossel-Möllenstedt and Kikuchi patterns are obtained by transmission scanning electron microscopy and compared with those obtained by the convergent beam technique from the same portion of the specimen. The identity of corresponding patterns obtained by both techniques shows the validity of the reciprocal theorem in electron diffraction for both elastic and inelastic scattering. The variations of Kossel-Möllenstedt patterns with the conditions of the incident beam and the position of the detector are also shown.
Noncontraceptive estrogens and myocardial infarction in young women. (1980)

The effect of noncontraceptive estrogens on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in women aged 30 to 49 years was investigated in 477 women with first infarctions and in 1,832 hospital control subjects. There was little evidence of an effect: overall, the estimated relative risk of acute MI for women who had used noncontraceptive estrogens in the preceding month, after allowance for potential confounding factors, was 1.0 (95% confidence intervals, 0.6 to 1.7); the corresponding estimate for women who had discontinued use more than one month previously was 1.2 (0.8 to 1.8). There was also no apparent association in various subgroups, including women who smoked heavily and those who had no identified predisposition.