gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Stable Isotope-Assisted Metabolomics for Cell Metabolism Studies (2014)

The applications of stable isotopes in metabolomics have facilitated the study of cell metabolisms. Stable isotope-assisted metabolomics requires: (1) properly designed tracer experiments; (2) stringent sampling and quenching protocols to minimize isotopic alternations; (3) efficient metabolite separations; (4) high resolution mass spectrometry to resolve overlapping peaks and background noises; and (5) data analysis methods and databases to decipher isotopic clusters over a broad m/z range (mass-to-charge ratio). This paper overviews mass spectrometry based techniques for precise determination of metabolites and their isotopologues. It also discusses applications of isotopic approaches to track substrate utilization, identify unknown metabolites and their chemical formulas, measure metabolite concentrations, determine putative metabolic pathways, and investigate microbial community populations and their carbon assimilation patterns. In addition, 13C-metabolite fingerprinting and metabolic models can be integrated to quantify carbon fluxes (enzyme reaction rates). The fluxome, in combination with other "omics" analyses, may give systems-level insights into regulatory mechanisms underlying gene functions. More importantly, 13C-tracer experiments significantly improve the potential of low-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for broad-scope metabolism studies. We foresee the isotope-assisted metabolomics to be an indispensable tool in industrial biotechnology, environmental microbiology, and medical research.
Decentralized manufacturing systems review: challenges and outlook (2012)

During the last three decades, the economic landscape has abandoned its local characteristics and evolved into a global and highly competitive economy. The market demands toward high product variety, the low human labor costs in specific locations, the evolution of Information and Communication Technologies, and specific social and political forces are the principal reasons toward globalization. The main trend currently outlining the development of manufacturing paradigms is the ever-increasing tendency in the direction of decentralization of manufacturing functions toward decentralized entities. This has caused a fundamental reorganization process of the manufacturing organizations in order to cope with this trend. Several critical issues rise in the control and management of such organizations. These criticalities are further compounded by the need to achieve mass customization of industrial products, as this greatly complicates the manufacturing and supply activities. Moreover, the modalities for the configuration and implementation of each of the distributed manufacturing typologies are identified. The purpose of this paper is to specify the main trends, issues, and sensitive topics that characterize the behavior and performance of these production systems. Based on this review, a discussion over existing production concepts is performed.
Input shaping control for suppression of boom vibrations (2012)

This paper shows that motion induced boom vibrations can be effectively suppressed by an input shaping control scheme. As typical heavy equipments such as excavators use pressurized hydraulic fluid; an operator control unit; and a boom cylinder coupled to the boom arm. The vibratory motion of boom manipulator systems provides a negative influence in operational efficiency as well as on the operator's health. However, the boom vibratory motion is difficult to suppress using conventional feedback controllers due to hydraulic circuit time delay. This paper describes an input shaping controller that monitors the hydraulic pressure profile of the boom cylinder to sense boom vibrations. The input shaping controller generates a command input to help cancel out the boom vibrations.
Anion-Exchange Studies. X.<sup>1,2</sup> Ion Exchange in Concentrated Electrolytes. Gold(III) in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnion-Exchange Studies. X.1,2 Ion Exchange in Concentrated Electrolytes. Gold(III) in Hydrochloric Acid SolutionsKurt A. Kraus and Frederick NelsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 4, 984–987Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01633a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01633a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hyperbolic Vehicle Localization Using a Single Signal of Opportunity and Trajectory Constraints (2019)

This paper proposes a new vehicle localization method using signals of opportunity (SoO) from a single source. The method is based on the time difference of arrival (TDoA) of a SoO, transmitted by a base station (BS) and received by two antennas on the vehicle. To measure the TDoA the vehicle antennas are connected to synchronized receivers. For localization it is further assumed that the baseline between the vehicle antennas is known or at least measurable. However, a single TDoA measurement is not sufficient for estimating the vehicle location. Therefore, prior information about constraints on the vehicle trajectory, such as roads or railway tracks, is incorporated in the estimation. The feasibility of the proposed method is shown by deriving the positioning Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for road and railway vehicles. Based on the CRLB the achievable localization accuracy is evaluated in a simulation study. In the evaluation the effect of different geometries between the receivers and the BS is analyzed and the relevant parameters with respect to the achievable localization accuracy are identified.
Hardware-Based TCP Processor for Gigabit Ethernet (2008)

Transmission control protocol (TCP) and Ethernet have been widely used in readout systems. These protocols are de facto standards and have been implemented on standard operating systems. However, some small devices, e.g., front-end devices and detectors, are not capable of employing these protocols because of hardware size limitations. This paper describes a TCP processor for gigabit Ethernet with a circuit size suitable for implementing on a single field programmable gate array. The only peripheral device required is a single Ethernet physical layer device. The hardware was implemented and its TCP throughput was measured. The throughputs in both directions simultaneously were at the upper limits of gigabit Ethernet. A mechanism for slow control over user datagram protocol (UDP) is also provided. The processor described here allows adoption of TCP/Ethernet in small devices that have hardware size limitations.
Novel chemistry for surface engineering in MEMS (2000)

It is well recognized that controlling surface forces is one of the key issues in the design, fabrication, and operation of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Since the majority of MEMS devices are made of silicon from surface micromaching, an attractive approach is to use the well-know alkytrichlorsilane self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on oxidized silicon surfaces to control surface enery. While this approach has enjoyed some success in reducing adhesion in model MEMS structures, a major impediment to its implementation in a manufacturing setting is that it is highly irrreproducible and very sensitive to a number of experimental parameters. In this report we present a novel strategy for the efficient assembly of organic monolayers directly onto the silicon surface via Si-O linkages. This is achieved by the reaction between an alcohol functional group and a chlorinated Si surface. The resulting molecular monolayers are thermally and chemically stable and are successfully demonstrated in adhesion reduction in a model MEMS structure, namely, a cantilever beam array (CMA). Polycrystalline beams with length up to 1.5 mm can be released. Major advantages of this new approach for surface control in MEMS include simplicity, reproducibility, and reliability.
Semantic classification of business images (2006)

Digital cameras are becoming increasingly common for capturing information in business settings. In this paper, we describe a novel method for classifying images into the following semantic classes: document, whiteboard, business card, slide, and regular images. Our method is based on combining low-level image features, such as text color, layout, and handwriting features with high-level OCR output analysis. Several Support Vector Machine Classifiers are combined for multi-class classification of input images. The system yields 95% accuracy in classification.
Fast-Moving Bacteria Self-Organize into Active Two-Dimensional Crystals of Rotating Cells (2015)

We investigate a new form of collective dynamics displayed by Thiovulum majus, one of the fastest-swimming bacteria known. Cells spontaneously organize on a surface into a visually striking two-dimensional hexagonal lattice of rotating cells. As each constituent cell rotates its flagella, it creates a tornadolike flow that pulls neighboring cells towards and around it. As cells rotate against their neighbors, they exert forces on one another, causing the crystal to rotate and cells to reorganize. We show how these dynamics arise from hydrodynamic and steric interactions between cells. We derive the equations of motion for a crystal, show that this model explains several aspects of the observed dynamics, and discuss the stability of these active crystals.
Logic and system design for low power consumption (1996)

Power consumption has emerged as one of the most important system design constraints. This has been motivated by the increasing popularity of energy-limited mobile systems and the increasing cooling and packaging costs associated with higher heat dissipation. Recent years have also seen a growing role of software in the design of electronic systems. A large fraction of applications are now being designed as embedded systems, where the functionality is partitioned between hardware and software. Given the above trends, there is a clear need to analyze and optimize power consumption for both the hardware as well as software design components.
For the hardware component, a big thrust in the research community has been to extend traditional computer aided design (CAD) techniques to a new dimension--power. Part of this thesis focuses on a specific problem in this domain--technology mapping during logic synthesis, i.e., the process of selecting gates from a given library during automated logic design. Models and algorithms are developed to consider power as the optimization metric during the technology mapping process.
The hardware design technique that has proven to be one of the most successful for reducing power in commercial systems is dynamic power management. This thesis attempts to increase the scope of this technique by pushing it down to lower levels of the design process. A technique to automatically apply principles of power management to logic level synthesis/design is presented. The ideas can be extended to the register transfer and higher levels. In order to understand this aspect further, the application of dynamic power management to a complete microprocessor design is studied.
In contrast to the hardware component, the power consumption in the software part of systems has thus far been very poorly understood. A major thrust of this thesis has been to overcome this deficiency. A measurement based instruction-level power analysis methodology has been developed to model the power cost of software. Results from its application to three commercial microprocessors are presented. The ability to evaluate the power cost of software is then used to search the design space in software power optimization.
Antigen specific lymphocyte transformation induced by secreted antigens from Toxoplasma gondii. (1984)

Secreted (TSA) and water lysed (WLA) antigens derived from cell culture of the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii have been used to induce antigen specific mitogenesis of lymphocytes from patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic toxoplasmosis. Lymphocyte responsiveness to WLA was similar to previous reports, with about 50% of patients showing a false negative reaction. Responses to TSA however were highly specific, with no false negative reactions. This increased specificity was not due to an increased response against TSA by patients' lymphocytes (P less than 0.001), but a lower TSA response by uninfected subjects' lymphocytes (P greater than 0.1) compared with WLA in both cases. In a minority of both infected and uninfected subjects, there was a low but detectable response to antigens secreted by the host cell line (HCA), and this was directly compared to their responses against TSA. There was at least a 10-fold increase in the patients' responses to TSA when compared with HCA (P less than 0.001), whereas there was no significant difference between the uninfected subjects' responses to these antigens (P greater than 0.1). Preliminary observations have suggested that TSA is distinct from other defined secreted antigens as both heat treatment and solid phase immunosorption did not have any noticeable effect on TSA-induced mitogenesis.
Shoes versus Sneakers in Toddler Ambulation (1985)

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative values and differences between shoes and sneakers for young children just learning to walk. In phase 1 of the study, 79 toddlers (47 females and 32 males), ranging in age from 11 months to 3 years, were carefully measured for footwear. Only 15 toddlers (19%) could be properly fitted in the medium-width sneakers that are currently available on the market. The majority of the measured toddlers required widths greater than D, and to accommodate these wider feet, it was necessary to fit them with longer sneakers than they actually needed otherwise, thus making ambulation a bit more difficult and clumsy. In phase 2, eight toddlers, randomly selected except for sex (four male and four female), ranging in age from 11 to 16 months who had been ambulating 2 weeks to 5 months, were tagged with an identifying letter and videotaped in four walking situations: sneakers on tile, shoes on tile, sneakers on rugging, and shoes on rugging. Four hours of video taping was edited down to one-half hour. Twenty-three observers (orthopaedic surgeons, pediatricians, and shoe fitters) carefully reviewed the tape on multiple occasions and came to the following conclusions: better fit, stance, gait, cadence, and stability were noted with shoes in all the toddlers and in all situations. Falls were three times more frequent in sneakers as compared to shoes on tile surfaces and five times more frequent on rugging. It was concluded that the slight economic advantage of sneakers over shoes was not that great to warrant jeopardizing the capabilities of the toddler in the earliest stages of ambulation.
Variations in respiratory sounds in relation to fluid accumulation in the upper airways (2013)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder due to recurrent collapse of the upper airway (UA) during sleep that increases the risk for several cardiovascular diseases. Recently, we showed that nocturnal fluid accumulation in the neck can narrow the UA and predispose to OSA. Our goal is to develop non-invasive methods to study the pathogenesis of OSA and the factors that increase the risks of developing it. Respiratory sound analysis is a simple and non-invasive way to study variations in the properties of the UA. In this study we examine whether such analysis can be used to estimate the amount of neck fluid volume and whether fluid accumulation in the neck alters the properties of these sounds. Our acoustic features include estimates of formants, pitch, energy, duration, zero crossing rate, average power, Mel frequency power, Mel cepstral coefficients, skewness, and kurtosis across segments of sleep. Our results show that while all acoustic features vary significantly among subjects, only the variations in respiratory sound energy, power, duration, pitch, and formants varied significantly over time. Decreases in energy and power over time accompany increases in neck fluid volume which may indicate narrowing of UA and consequently an increased risk of OSA. Finally, simple discriminant analysis was used to estimate broad classes of neck fluid volume from acoustic features with an accuracy of 75%. These results suggest that acoustic analysis of respiratory sounds might be used to assess the role of fluid accumulation in the neck on the pathogenesis of OSA.
Dentin-bonding Molar Efficiency Using N-Phenylglycine, N-Phenyl-beta-Alanine, or N-Methyl-N-Phenylglycine (1991)

Three structurally related substituted amino acids (N-compounds) were studied in a three-step dentin-bonding protocol. The first step of an acidic ferric oxalate solution and the third step of a surface-active comonomer were held constant throughout the study. In the second step, the amount of the N-compound--either N-phenylglycine (NPG), N-methyl-N-phenylglycine (NMNPG), or N-phenyl-beta-alanine (NPBA)--was varied in acetone from 0 mol/L through 5 x 10(-1) mol/L in seven steps. At 1 x 10(-3) mol/L for NPG and NMNPG, average bond strength values were 7.4 +/- 2.2 and 10.5 +/- 2.7 MPa. The highest bond strength value for NMNPG was at 1 x 10(-2) mol/L, with 13.2 +/- 4.0 MPa. The highest value for NPG was at 1 x 10(-1) mol/L, with a value of 11.8 +/- 2.5 MPa. The average bond strength for NPBA did not differ from zero across the entire range of concentrations. Molar efficiency was defined as the bond strength per mole of these applied N-compounds. For the two N-compounds that did provide adhesion to dentin, NPG and NMNPG, the average bond strengths rose, peaked, and fell as the amounts of applied N-compound were increased. The molar efficiency dropped off as the concentration of applied N-compound rose. The least operator-sensitive and most efficient N-compound, NMNPG, delivered a bond strength equivalent to that of NPG, with 10% of the applied NPG amount.
A gene expression atlas of the model legume <i>Medicago truncatula</i> (2008)

Legumes played central roles in the development of agriculture and civilization, and today account for approximately one-third of the world's primary crop production. Unfortunately, most cultivated legumes are poor model systems for genomic research. Therefore, Medicago truncatula, which has a relatively small diploid genome, has been adopted as a model species for legume genomics. To enhance its value as a model, we have generated a gene expression atlas that provides a global view of gene expression in all major organ systems of this species, with special emphasis on nodule and seed development. The atlas reveals massive differences in gene expression between organs that are accompanied by changes in the expression of key regulatory genes, such as transcription factor genes, which presumably orchestrate genetic reprogramming during development and differentiation. Interestingly, many legume-specific genes are preferentially expressed in nitrogen-fixing nodules, indicating that evolution endowed them with special roles in this unique and important organ. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Medicago versus Arabidopsis revealed significant divergence in developmental expression profiles of orthologous genes, which indicates that phylogenetic analysis alone is insufficient to predict the function of orthologs in different species. The data presented here represent an unparalleled resource for legume functional genomics, which will accelerate discoveries in legume biology.
Detection of sodium and potassium in single human red blood cells (2000)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text N. H. Cheung and C. W. Ng, "Detection of sodium and potassium in single human red blood cells," in Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics, T. Li, ed., Vol. 38 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optica Publishing Group, 2000), paper SuH1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Characterization of a large chromosomal "high-pathogenicity island" in biotype 1B Yersinia enterocolitica (1996)

Pathogenic Yersinia spp. can be subdivided into highly pathogenic (high-pathogenicity) and low-pathogenicity strains. Several genes specific for the high-pathogenicity strains are clustered on a chromosomal fragment designated a "high-pathogenicity island" (HPI). In the present work, the HPI of biotype 1B strain Ye 8081 of Y. enterocolitica was characterized. We demonstrate important differences from the HPI of Y. pestis. The HPI of Y. enterocolitica is smaller (45 kb) and is not flanked by insertion sequences. A copy of the gene coding for the tRNA-Asn is present at one extremity of the HPI and may, as in uropathogenic Escherichia coli, participate in the excision of the island. In addition to the genes encoding the yersiniabactin-pesticin receptor and the high-molecular-weight protein 2, four repeated sequences are present on the HPI of Y. enterocolitica. At least two of them are insertion elements: previously described IS1328 and newly characterized IS1400. Comparison of the HPI of strain Ye 8081 with that of other Y. enterocolitica strains of biotype 1B indicates that most of the island is conserved, apart from 15 kb at the left-hand end which is variable, especially in the region where three repeated sequences are clustered.
Treatment of Chronic Pain by Deep Brain Stimulation (1988)

Department of Neurosurgical Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
Palladium(II) Acetylide Complexes with Pincer‐Type Ligands: Photophysical Properties, Intermolecular Interactions, and Photo‐cytotoxicity (2016)

Two classes of cationic palladium(II) acetylide complexes containing pincer-type ligands, 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (terpy) and 2,6-bis(1-butylimidazol-2-ylidenyl)pyridine (C^N^C), were prepared and structurally characterized. Replacing terpy with the strongly σ-donating C^N^C ligand with two N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) units results in the Pd<sup>II</sup> acetylide complexes displaying phosphorescence at room temperature and stronger intermolecular interactions in the solid state. X-ray crystal structures of [Pd(terpy)(C≡CPh)]PF<sub>6</sub> (1) and [Pd(C^N^C)(C≡CPh)]PF<sub>6</sub> (7) reveal that the complex cations are arranged in a one-dimensional stacking structure with pair-like Pd<sup>II</sup> ⋅⋅⋅Pd<sup>II</sup> contacts of 3.349 Å for 1 and 3.292 Å for 7. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were used to examine the electronic properties. Comparative studies of the [Pt(L)(C≡CPh)]<sup>+</sup> analogs by <sup>1</sup> H NMR spectroscopy shed insight on the intermolecular interactions of these Pd<sup>II</sup> acetylide complexes. The strong Pd-C<sub>carbene</sub> bonds render 7 and its derivative sufficiently stable for investigation of photo-cytotoxicity under cellular conditions.