gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PAMAM Dendrimeric Conjugates with a Gd−DOTA Phosphinate Derivative and Their Adducts with Polyaminoacids:  The Interplay of Global Motion, Internal Rotation, and Fast Water Exchange (2006)

A series of dendrimeric conjugates based on a PAMAM (polyamidoamine) backbone with macrocyclic Gd-DO3A-P(ABn) complexes (monophosphinated analogue of DOTA) was prepared. The chelates were covalently attached to the G1-, G2-, and G4-PAMAM dendrimers through a thiourea linker in high loads (>90%). The prepared conjugates G1-(Gd-DO3A-P(BnN{CS}))(8), G2-(Gd-DO3A-P(BnN{CS}))(16), and G4-(Gd-DO3A-P(BnN{CS}))(59) showed relaxivities of 10.1, 14.1, and 18.6 s(-)(1) mM(-)(1) at 20 MHz and 37 degrees C and pH = 7.5, respectively. A variable-pH study (range 2-12) revealed up to 30% increase in the relaxivity at low pH for the G2-(Gd-DO3A-P(BnN{CS}))(16) conjugate. As confirmed by (1)H NMR titration of the unmodified G2 dendrimer, this is due to protonation of core tertiary amines leading to a more open and rigid structure. The variable-temperature (17)O NMR and (1)H NMRD relaxometric studies confirmed that the relaxivity is not controlled by water exchange but by rotational dynamics. A multiparametrical data evaluation using the Lipari-Szabo approach revealed that the water residence lifetime, (298)tau(M), for the conjugates studied was ca. 45-70 ns, which is longer than the value found for the monomeric model compound Gd-DO3A-P(ABn) (16 ns) but short enough so as not to limit the relaxivity. The global rotational correlation time, (298)tau(Rg), varied from 1.5 to 3.1 ns and seemed to indicate a sufficiently slow molecular tumbling to achieve the high relaxivities measured; however, the rigidity factor S(2) (approximately 0.26), describing the internal flexibility, was far from optimum. The overall relaxivity was significantly increased (e.g. by a factor of 1.8 for the G1-(Gd-DO3A-P(BnN{CS}))(8) conjugate) when a positively charged polyaminoacid like poly(Arg) or poly(Lys) was added to the conjugate solutions. The electrostatic interactions partially "freeze" the internal mobility of the conjugate and also slow down global motion. This assumption was confirmed by an evaluation of (1)H relaxometric data obtained for the G2-(Gd-DO3A-P(BnN{CS}))(16)-poly(Lys)(59) adduct. Importantly, it was proved that the adduct formation did not hamper the water exchange process.
Coordinate Transcription of the ADAMTS-1 Gene by Luteinizing Hormone and Progesterone Receptor (2004)

ADAMTS-1 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin-like motifs) is a multifunctional protease that is expressed in periovulatory follicles. Herein we show that induction of ADAMTS-1 message in vivo and transcription of the ADAMTS-1 promoter in cultured granulosa cells are dependent on separable but coordinate actions of LH and the progesterone receptor (PR). To analyze the molecular mechanisms by which LH and PR regulate this gene, truncations and site-specific mutants of ADAMTS-1 promoter-luciferase reporter constructs (ADAMTS-1-Luc) were generated and transfected into rat granulosa cell cultures. Three regions of the promoter were found to be important for basal activity, two of which were guanine cytosine-rich binding sites for specificity proteins Sp1/Sp3 and the third bound a nuclear factor 1-like factor. Despite the absence of a consensus PR DNA response element in the proximal ADAMTS-1 promoter, cotransfection of a PRA (or PRB) expression vector stimulated ADAMTS-1 promoter activity, a response that was reduced by the PR antagonist ZK98299. Forskolin plus phorbol myristate acetate also increased promoter activity and, when added to cells cotransfected with PRA, ADAMTS-1 promoter activity increased further. Activation of the ADAMTS-1 promoter by PRA involves functional CAAT enhancer binding protein beta, nuclear factor 1-like factor, and three Sp1/Sp3 binding sites as demonstrated by transfection of mutated promoter constructs. In summary, LH and PRA/B exert distinct but coordinate effects on transactivation of the ADAMTS-1 gene in granulosa cells in vivo and in vitro with PR acting as an inducible coregulator of the ADAMTS-1 gene.
<i>In Vitro</i> Cytotoxicities of 1,4‐Naphthoquinone and Hydroxylated 1,4‐Naphthoquinones to Replicating Cells (1993)

Using the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, and the BALB/c mouse fibroblast cell line, 3T3, as the bioindicators in the neutral red cytotoxicity assay, the effect of hydroxyl substitution on the toxicity of 1,4-naphthoquinone was studied. The sequence of potency for the quinones was 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone > 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone > 1,4-naphthoquinone >> 2-hydroxyl-1,4- naphthoquinone. Pretreatment of the cells with dicoumarol, an inhibitor of DT-diaphorase, enhanced the cytotoxicity of 1,4-naphthoquinone but not of the hydroxylated naphthoquinones. Pretreatment of the BALB/c cells with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, enhanced the sensitivity of the cells to all the hydroxylated naphthoquinones but not to 1,4-naphthoquinone. A similar pretreatment of the HepG2 cells with buthionine sulfoximine enhanced the toxicity of the 2-hydroxy- and 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones but not of 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone or of 1,4-naphthoquinone. Some differences were noted in the responses to the hydroxylated 1,4-naphthoquinones between buthionine sulfoximine-treated replicating cells and buthionine sulfoximine-treated isolated rat hepatocytes, a nonreplicating cell in culture. The use of a replicating cell system in studying the mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of quinones may be an important adjunct to studies using the isolated rat hepatocytes, which is the standard model system.
Liquid crystals containing a 2,6-disubstituted anthracene core—mesomorphism, charge transport and photochemical properties (2003)

The synthesis of 2-(4-phenyl)-6-anthracenes and 4,4′-bisphenyl-2,6-anthracenes, disubstituted by saturated (decyloxy) or unsaturated ((Z)-dec-4-enyloxy) chains, is reported. All the materials are liquid crystals and exhibit smectic A and/or C phases. As compared to the saturated chains, the unsaturated ones provide a significant decrease of the transition temperatures. The presence of the central “lath-like” anthracene core in the rigid aromatic moiety is found to induce some molecular π-stackings, at short range, in the mesophases. This molecular peculiarity is thought to be in a large part responsible for the high charge-carrier mobility values measured (i.e. 2 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−2), despite the disordered character of the mesophases. Preliminary examination of photodimerisation revealed that the formation of photoadducts was very poor in the smectic phases as compared to the same experiment run in solution. This result was attributed to the instability of the anthracene photodimers at the too high temperatures of the mesophases.
21.6 A 2.4-to-5.3GHz dual-core CMOS VCO with concentric 8-shaped coils (2014)

Despite recent attempts to relax the phase-noise demands on voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) for cellular communications [1], mainstream radios require harmonic VCOs capable of a very low phase noise with moderate power consumption, associated to a large tuning range (TR) and a high insensitivity to interfering signals. Ideally, the TR should be in excess of one octave, since this allows the easy synthesis of all frequencies below those directly generated by the VCOs via repeated frequency divisions by 2. At the same time, the oscillation spectrum should be affected as little as possible by spurious (common-mode) magnetic fields impinging on the inductor coil in the VCO tank. This is a crucial requirement in modern radios, where there are more PLLs active at the same time, and particularly when (non-contiguous) carrier aggregation is implemented, since in this case the signal bands may be very close to each other. If an individual PLL is used for each band, the VCOs may oscillate very close to each other, or at frequencies that are harmonically related to each other, posing a very serious issue of mutual pulling through the respective magnetic field. And even if a single VCO is used [2], or two (or more) VCOs that are not harmonically related [3], it is nevertheless a good practice to design the tank inductor as insensitive as possible to external magnetic fields, which abound in and close to the radio IC.
Changes of protein content and its fractions in bovine milk from different breeds subject to somatic cell count (2011)

Global milk production is undeniably dominated by 2 dairy breeds recognized worldwide: Holstein-Friesian and Jersey. A third breed, Simmental, serves as a dual-purpose breed. The objective of the present research was to establish potential changes in the fractional components of bovine milk protein (mainly whey) in relation to the health status of a dairy cow's mammary glands, which is closely determined by somatic cell count (SCC). The milk of 3 breeds was studied: Polish Holstein-Friesian (Black and Red-White varieties), Simmental, and Jersey. The cows were housed in freestall barns and fed according to the total mixed ration feeding system for both winter and summer periods. Milk samples were collected individually from each cow twice a year, in the winter and summer seasons. A total of 1,822 milk samples were evaluated (946 in winter and 876 in summer). The milk was examined for SCC, crude protein, casein, and whey fraction proteins (α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, BSA, and lysozyme). The research material for each breed was split into 4 groups based on SCC (group I: ≤100,000 cells/mL; group II: 101,000 to 400,000 cells/mL; group III: 401,000 to 500,000 cells/mL; and group IV: 501,000 to 1,000,000 cells/mL). It was found that an increase of SCC promulgated a progressive decline in the daily yield of milk, which was significantly true for the Polish Holstein-Friesian. The level of crude protein decreased slightly as SCC increased, and casein concentration (r=-0.591) also followed this trend of decline. Elevation of SCC produced a decrease of major albumins (i.e., α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin). However, SCC increase induced an increase in the immunoactive proteins (lactoferrin and lysozyme) as well as BSA. The interactions of a breed with increased SCC, which can be measured based on the BSA content of the milk, has indicated various levels of susceptibility to the increase in different breeds. This is confirmed by different values of correlation coefficients for these relationships: 0.71 in the Holstein-Friesian, 0.58 in Simmental, and 0.47 in the Jersey cows. Holstein-Friesian cows are more sensitive to mammary gland infections causing a greater decline of their daily milk yields, which, in turn, is reflected in an increase of the negative value of the correlation coefficients between SCC and milk efficiency (-0.24). In the other 2 breeds, the correlations were also negative, but substantially lower (-0.12 and -0.15).
Heterogeneous integration of optoelectronic components (1997)

The heterogeneous integration of optoelectronic, electronic, and micro-mechanical components from different origins and substrates makes possible many advanced systems in diverse applications. Besides the monolithic integration approach, which is the basis for the success of today's silicon industry, various hybrid integration technologies have been explored. These include flip-chip bonding, micro-robotic placement, epitaxial lift-off and direct bonding, substrate removal and bonding, and several self-assembly methods. In this paper, we describe the results of our monolithic integration effort involving a 2 by 2 optoelectronic switching circuit and an 8 by 8 active-pixel sensor array on GaAs substrates, and a 16 by 16 spatial light modulator array produced by flip-chip bonding of III-V multi-quantum-well (MQW) modulators and silicon driver circuits. We also present our preliminary experimental results on the self-assembly of small inorganic devices coated with DNA polymers with self- recognition properties.
Early deposition trends on group I (Polymacon and Tetrafilcon A) and group III (Bufilcon A) materials. (1991)

One of the problems with hydrophilic contact lenses is that they are susceptible to spoilage. This study investigated the degree of spoilage associate with lenses of various surface changes during the early stages of wear and the effect of surfactant cleaning of lenses at this stage. Ten patients wore a control HEMA lens on one eye and either an ionic (Bufilcon A) or non-ionic (Tetrafilcon A) lens on the other for one week and used a peroxide system for disinfection. The lenses were then replaced with identical lenses, which were also worn for 1 week, with surfactant cleaning added to the care regimen. The lenses then were examined by fluorescence spectroscopy in order that the extent of lipid and protein deposition could be assessed. The results indicate that protein accumulation is highly material dependent, whereas lipid deposition is primarily patient dependent. Also the term "ionic" does not necessarily indicate equally enhanced deposition in all lenses so termed. Surfactant cleaning appears to be of little benefit in reducing deposits during the early stages of wear, its benefit in the long-term being of much greater significance.
Abnormal isoform of prion protein accumulates in follicular dendritic cells in mice with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (1991)

We established that follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are the site of abnormal prion protein (PrPCJD) accumulations in lymphoid tissues from mice infected with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Evidence of positive FDC staining was observed in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease-infected mice irrespective of the inoculation route, while no such staining was seen in the control mice. We also found that the severe combined immunodeficiency mouse trait is transmittable via the intracranial route but not via the intraperitoneal route. Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency did not have PrPCJD accumulation in FDCs.
Development of Alternated Catalyst Layer Structure for PEM Fuel Cells (2013)

A novel alternated catalyst layer structure (ACLS) has been developed for fuel cell applications. Sputtering process was applied directly on commercial gas diffusion layer (GDL) by depositing catalyst-forming material and pore-forming material alternately in a nanometer- scale and then removing the pore-forming material. The main physical features of the ACLS are (1) carbon-free and support-free (2) a large amount of void layers/pores, (3) sheet-like catalyst with extended surface and compressed lattice, and (4) a large amount of <111> crystalline planes parallel to catalyst sheet surface. Such characteristics make the ACLS a promising candidate for the PEM cathode application. In this report, some basic evaluation results of the ACLS cathode are presented. Electrochemical surface area (ECSA) evaluations showed that the typical ACLS exhibited a value of 15~30 m2/g and had a high Pt utilization efficiency. For oxygen reduction reaction activity (ORR), the measurement on 5 cm2 fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies showed that an ACLS with 5 nm-thick Pt sheets could increase mass activity 1.5 times and specific activity 3.5 times compared to the commercial Pt/C. Cathode potential at high current densities was evaluated by H2/O2 single-cell test. An ACLS with a Pt loading of 0.07 mg/cm2 demonstrated performance comparable to that of a commercial Pt/C with 0.2 mg/cm2 Pt loading. Excellent durability of the ACLS was also confirmed.
Activation of the mTOR Signaling Pathway in Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (2006)

The mTOR/p70S6 kinase signaling pathway is activated in most clear cell renal cell carcinomas. Moreover, the growth of renal clear cell carcinoma derived cell lines is inhibited by rapamycin. This is especially significant in light of new agents such as CCI-779, an ester of rapamycin and inhibitor of mTOR, which has shown promise in the treatment of renal carcinoma.
3D Face Modelling For 2D+3D Face Recognition. (2007)

Biometrics axe unique to each individual and are therefore valuable for identification purposes. One of such biometrics is the individual’s face; consequently the existence of the research field of face recognition. Although face recognition technology using 2D images taken in controlled environments has reached high performance rates, its reliability declines when variations in head pose, lighting, and facial expression, are introduced. More recently, the field of face recognition has expanded into the 3D domain of shape geometry. Since 3D shape does not change under different illumination conditions or viewpoint, 3D face recognition could become more reliable than its 2D counterpart. However 3D acquisition systems are expensive and have limited acquisition volumes, whereas 2D imaging devices are cheap and are established as a popular method for surveillance of large areas. Therefore this work addresses two main questions: i) how can 3D shape geometry be used for reliable 3D face recognition? and ii) can 3D shape geometry be used to boost the performance of 2D face recognition systems? This thesis introduces a new dense registration algorithm, based on a deformable surface framework, for 3D shape data. The algorithm registers 3D raw data via fitting a deformable model, with a mean fitting error below 0.2mm. Registered 3D data is then manipulated as a collection of vectors of the same dimensionality and in correspondence, thus enabling the application of any pattern classification technique to 3D shape geometry data. The registration algorithm is also used as the framework for the implementation of a novel model based lossy compression algorithm tailored for 3D face data. This compression algorithm achieves compression ratios of more than 35 without a significant loss the of discriminatory information of the face. Furthermore, the reliability of the registration algorithm for establishing accurate dense correspondences is exploited in this work to build a morphable model. Morphable models are powerful tools for the synthesis and reconstruction of 3D faces. Additionally they can be fitted to 2D images, thus extracting 3D information and enabling to render novel 2D views. This thesis proposes extensions to the morphable model framework that allow to handle texture maps, and facial expressions via a model built from displacement vectors. The morphable model is then used as a tool for correcting pose and eliminating facial expressions from 2D images of faces. The effect of using pose and expression correction to aid a to 2D face recognition algorithm is then evaluated in two mainstream databases. The evaluation shows there is a real potential in using 3D information, in this case via a morphable model, to boost the performance of 2D face recognition systems. However before a definite conclusion can be reached, more research in morphable model building and fitting reliability will be required in the future.
Microcomputer Controlled Multielectrode System for<i>in Vivo</i>Electrochemistry (1980)

ABSTRACT A computerized electrochemical system has been developed for multiple site in vivo monitoring of brain catecholamines and their metabolites. The system is composed of a microcomputer, interface board, standard potentiostat-amplifier circuitry and an analog multiplexer which permits the use of sixteen working electrodes. A description of the hardware and software is given, and the results of system evaluation experiments are reported. Some in vivo applications are also described.
Progress in Evidence-Based Medicine (2008)

A new paradigm for medical practice is emerging. Evidence-based medicine de-emphasizes intuition, unsystematic clinical experience, and pathophysiologic rationale as sufficient grounds for clinical decision making and stresses the examination of evidence from clinical research. Evidence- based medicine requires new skills of the physician, including efficient literature searching and the application of formal rules of evidence evaluating the clinical literature.See PDF for full text of the original JAMA article.
Introduction to QGIS (2014)

QGIS (formerly Quantum GIS) is an open source geographic information system (GIS). This software is a free alternative to proprietary GIS software such as ESRI’s ArcGIS products which can be very expensive. QGIS incorporates similar functions and features as its proprietary counterparts and allows users to display, manipulate and create spatial data. It supports a variety of spatial data file extensions (.shp, .tif, .csv, .img, etc.) and is compatible on Linux, Unix, Mac, and Windows operating systems. This task sheet will introduce you to QGIS software and using it to create a basic map.
Reliable and fast structure-oriented video noise estimation (2003)

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a fast automated white-noise estimation method which gives reliable estimates in images with smooth and textured areas. This method is a block-based method that takes the image structure into account and uses a measure other than the variance to determine if a block is homogeneous. It uses no thresholds and automates the way that block-based methods stop the averaging of block variances. The proposed method selects intensity-homogeneous blocks in an image by rejecting blocks of structure using a new structure analyzer. The analyzer used is based on high-pass operators and special masks for comers to allow implicit detection of structure and to stabilize the homogeneity estimation. For a typical image quality (PSNR of 20-40 dB) the proposed method outperforms other methods significantly and the worst-case estimation error is 3 dB which is suitable for real applications such as video surveillance or broadcasts. The method performs well even in images with few smooth areas and in highly noisy images.
Observation of Direct Transitions in Silicon Nanocrystallites (1994)

Silicon nanocrystallites show intense violet and blue luminescence at room temperature. The luminescence band exhibits separated peaks at a wavelength range from 350 nm to 550 nm under N 2 pulse laser excitation. Lifetimes of these emissions can be fitted by double-exponential equations. The two parts of the lifetime, τ 1 and τ 2 , were determined as 100∼300 ps and 600∼800 ps, respectively. All the optical events were finished within 5 ns. This short lifetime is suggested to be caused by an enhancement effect on the oscillator strength of the confined levels in zero-dimensionally confined Si nanocrystallites.
Term-seq reveals abundant ribo-regulation of antibiotics resistance in bacteria (2016)

Riboswitches and attenuators are cis-regulatory RNA elements, most of which control bacterial gene expression via metabolite-mediated, premature transcription termination. We developed an unbiased experimental approach for genome-wide discovery of such ribo-regulators in bacteria. We also devised an experimental platform that quantitatively measures the in vivo activity of all such regulators in parallel and enables rapid screening for ribo-regulators that respond to metabolites of choice. Using this approach, we detected numerous antibiotic-responsive ribo-regulators that control antibiotic resistance genes in pathogens and in the human microbiome. Studying one such regulator in Listeria monocytogenes revealed an attenuation mechanism mediated by antibiotic-stalled ribosomes. Our results expose broad roles for conditional termination in regulating antibiotic resistance and provide a tool for discovering riboswitches and attenuators that respond to previously unknown ligands.