gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining problem reduction and adaptive multistart: a new technique for superior iterative partitioning (1997)

VLSI netlist partitioning has been addressed chiefly by iterative methods (e.g. Kernighan-Lin and Fiduccia-Mattheyses) and spectral methods (e.g. Hagen-Kahng). Iterative methods are the de facto industry standard, but suffer diminished stability and solution quality when instances grow large. Spectral methods have achieved high-quality solutions, particularly for the ratio cut objective, but suffer excessive memory requirements and the inability to capture practical constraints (preplacements, variable module areas, etc.). This work develops a new approach to Fiduccia-Mattheyses (FM)-based iterative partitioning. We combine two concepts: (1) problem reduction using clustering and the two-phase FM methodology and (2) adaptive multistart, i.e. the intelligent selection of starting points for the iterative optimization, based on the results of previous optimizations. The resulting clustered adaptive multistart (CAMS) methodology substantially improves upon previous partitioning results in the literature, for both unit module areas and actual module areas, and for both the min-cut bisection and minimum ratio cut objectives. The CAMS method is surprisingly fast and has very stable solution quality, even for large benchmark instances. It has been applied as the basis of a clustering methodology within an industry placement tool.
Hardware and software integration for domestic stairs cleaning robot (2011)

In the paper, this robot is designed to integrate the dynamic mechanism, dust removal equipment, electric circuit and single-chip microprocessor for cleaning indoor stairs. For lateral movement and going up or down stairs, the main components of dynamic mechanism have four power wheels, five gears and one gear chain, two motors, three sliding supports and two linear actuators. Many Sensors around the main body are used to avoid collision with the floor obstacles or the fall from the stairs. The dust removal equipment consists of two automatic support frames for adjusting the height of the different stair risers and two automatic vacuum ports for the cleaning on every stair tread. The automatic cleaning action of dynamic mechanism and dust removal equipment is controlled by both electric circuit and single-chip microprocessor. For the operation of functionality and practicality, a remote control switch is added to the robot with four models, including floor cleaning, going up stairs cleaning, going down stairs cleaning, automatic cleaning and so on.
Aromaticity in Heterocyclic Systems. I. The Synthesis and Structure of Certain 4,6-Dihydroxyimidazo[4,5-c]pyridines<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromaticity in Heterocyclic Systems. I. The Synthesis and Structure of Certain 4,6-Dihydroxyimidazo[4,5-c]pyridines1Roland K. Robins, J. Kenneth Horner, Claude V. Greco, C. Wayne Noell, and Calvin G. Beames Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 11, 3041–3046Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01046a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01046a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views322Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Single-walled carbon nanotubes/polyaniline-coated polyester thermoelectric textile with good interface stability prepared by ultrasonic induction (2016)

A novel and high-flexibility thermoelectric device, which is integrated with a SWNT/PANI textile, was prepared <italic>via</italic> ultrasonic induction for developing wearable electronic devices.
Induced mitotic crossing-over in<i>Ustilago maydis</i> (1961)

1. Two different methods of selection were used to obtain stable prototrophic solopathogenic strains of Ustilago maydis from haploids with different biochemical requirements. The strains were shown to be heterozygous diploids. 2. Two diploids which were examined in detail had four markers in common, but they were in different coupling and repulsion phases. Rare spontaneous segregation was detected in one of the diploids, but a high frequency of segregation was obtained in both after treatment with ultra-violet light. The proportion of segregants amongst the survivors increased with the dose. These auxotrophic segregants were detected by means of the replica plating technique. 3. The types of segregant which were obtained from both diploids were consistent with the view that they arose as a result of mitotic crossing-over. After low doses of radiation the reciprocal products of crossing-over were often detected. There was no evidence from the phenotypes of the segregants that haploidization was occurring. The diploidy of a sample of the segregants was confirmed by mating-type tests, and by the fact that they showed further segregation after another dose of radiation. 4. A slow-growing unstable segregant recovered after a high dose of radiation proved to be a monosomic strain which consistently reverted to a stable diploid homozygous for one chromosome. It was possible to use this auxotrophic diploid together with a haploid with different biochemical requirements, to synthesize a prototrophic triploid strain. The triploid was much less stable than the diploid strains. 5. By means of pathogenicity tests with certain segregants it was possible to distinguish the function of the two loci which control the mating system. The a locus is responsible for the fusion of haploid sporidia and has no effect on the pathogenicity of the heterokaryon which is under the control of the b locus. 6. The effects of ultra-violet light on mitotic crossing-over do not seem to be easily compatible with a copy choice or similar mechanism of recombination.
The von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein and Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma (2007)

Germ line VHL tumor suppressor gene loss-of-function mutations cause von Hippel-Lindau disease, which is associated with an increased risk of central nervous system hemangioblastomas, clear cell renal carcinomas, and pheochromocytomas. Somatic VHL mutations are also common in sporadic clear cell renal carcinomas. The VHL gene product, pVHL, is part of a ubiquitin ligase complex that targets the alpha-subunits of the heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) for polyubiquitylation, and hence, proteasomal degradation, when oxygen is available. pVHL-defective clear cell renal carcinomas overproduce a variety of mRNAs that are under the control of HIF, including the mRNAs that encode vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor B, and transforming growth factor alpha. In preclinical models, down-regulation of HIF-alpha, especially HIF-2alpha, is both necessary and sufficient for renal tumor suppression by pVHL. These observations are probably relevant to the demonstrated clinical activity of vascular endothelial growth factor antagonists in clear cell renal carcinoma and form a foundation for the testing of additional agents that inhibit HIF, or HIF-responsive gene products, in this disease.
Myoelectric Control of Artificial Limbs—Is There a Need to Change Focus? [In the Spotlight] (2012)

In this article, the basic concept of myoelectric control and the state of the art in both industry and academia will be presented. It will emerge that there is a gap between industrial and academic achievements and that this gap will continue to expand unless a change of focus in systems for myoelectric control occurs.
Human ehrlichiosis (1991)

Over 260 cases of human ehrlichiosis have been identified in the United States since 1986. A causative agent was recently isolated from a patient and designated Ehrlichia chaffeensis because of serologic and genotypic differences from Ehrlichia canis. Ehrlichia species are obligate intracellular bacteria that infect hematopoietic cells. Human ehrlichiosis is characteristically a systemic febrile illness with headache, myalgias, and frequent gastrointestinal symptoms associated with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and mild to moderate hepatic injury following a recent tick exposure. The pathologic findings in several cases suggest that the major pathophysiologic abnormality results from generalized infection of reticuloendothelial cells and peripheral sequestration of leukocytes and platelets. Tetracycline appears to be an effective therapy. The diagnosis depends upon seroconversion to E. chaffeensis in convalescence. Early diagnosis requires clinical suspicion and is probably important for minimizing morbidity that results from delayed diagnosis.
Cutting Temperature and Forces in Machining of High-Performance Materials with Self-Propelled Rotary Tool. (1992)

Cutting temperature and forces are two dominant parameters that influence finish quality and tool life in machining. This paper undertakes the evaluation of these two factors in relation to machining by a self-propelled rotary tool, an efficient cutter recently reported to be superior in cutting some new materials. Temperature analysis is based on a model of a heat source movind cyclically along the cutting edge. Both analytical and experimental rtsults indicate that the rotating motion of the cutting edge transfers heat away from the cutting zone with the result being a reduced cutting temperature. Temperature of the cutting edge drops to the neighborhood of the ambient value after it passes the cutting zone. Cutting forces of the rotary tool are found to be smaller, especially the radial thrust component, which is 30-40 % lower, than those of the fixed circular tool.
Fidelity of Mispair Formation and Mispair Extension Is Dependent on the Interaction between the Minor Groove of the Primer Terminus and Arg668 of DNA Polymerase I of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2005)

The hydrogen bonding interactions between the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I with the proofreading exonuclease inactivated (KF(-)) and the minor groove of DNA were examined with modified oligodeoxynucleotides in which 3-deazaguanine (3DG) replaced guanine. This substitution would prevent a hydrogen bond from forming between the polymerase and that one site on the DNA. If the hydrogen bonding interaction were important, then we should observe a decrease in the rate of reaction. The steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics of DNA replication were measured with 10 different oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes in which 3DG was placed at different positions. The largest decrease in the rate of replication was observed when 3DG replaced guanine at the 3'-terminus of the primer. The effect of this substitution on mispair extension and formation was then probed. The G to 3DG substitution at the primer terminus decreased the k(pol) for the extension past G/C, G/A, and G/G base pairs but not the G/T base pair. The G to 3DG substitution at the primer terminus also decreased the formation of correct base pairs as well as incorrect base pairs. However, in all but two mispairs, the effect on correct base pairs was much greater than that of mispairs. These results indicate that the hydrogen bond between Arg668 and the minor groove of the primer terminus is important in the fidelity of both formation and extension of mispairs. These experiments support a mechanism in which Arg668 forms a hydrogen bonding fork between the minor groove of the primer terminus and the ring oxygen of the deoxyribose moiety of the incoming dNTP to align the 3'-hydroxyl group with the alpha-phosphate of the dNTP. This is one mechanism by which the polymerase can use the geometry of the base pairs to modulate the rate of formation and extension of mispairs.
Random graphs (2010)

This chapter discusses the basic mathematics of the random graph G(n, p), focusing particularly on the degree distribution and component sizes, which are two of the model's most illuminating characteristics. The techniques developed in this chapter prove useful for some of the more complex models examined later in the book. Exercises are provided at the end of the chapter.
Design of a breast phantom for quantitative MRI (2016)

This phantom enables T1 and ADC measurements, fits in a variety of clinical breast coils, and can serve as a quality control tool to facilitate the standardization of quantitative measurements for breast MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:610-619.
Recombinant single‐chain variable fragment antibodies against extracellular epitopes of human multidrug resistance protein MRP3 for targeting malignant gliomas (2009)

Multidrug resistance protein 3 (MRP3), a multidrug resistance protein identified by serial analysis of gene expression as a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-associated molecule, is highly expressed in GBM, but not in normal brain cells. Thus, MRP3 is a candidate for GBM immunotargeting, but to date, no monoclonal antibody has been isolated that can target an extracellular MRP3 epitope. By phage display, we have isolated 3 recombinant, fully human, single-chain Fv (scFv) antibodies, M25, M58 and M89, which specifically react with the extracellular N-terminus of human MRP3. In ELISA, these scFvs reacted only with the peptide used for screening and not with other MRP3-derived peptides. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that these scFv fragments bind specifically to viable human GBM cells displaying different MRP3 expression levels, but not to MRP3-null cells. Furthermore, these scFv antibodies failed to react with tumor cells overexpressing other MRP proteins, including MRP1, MRP2, MRP4 and MRP5. M25 and M58 also bound to viable neurospheres. Iodogen-labeled scFvs demonstrated a yield of 56-76%. The immunoreactive fractions of the radiolabeled M25, M58 and M89 scFvs were 32, 52 and 69%, respectively. M25 exhibited 20% internalization into D2159MG neurospheres, M58, 33% into D54MG cells and M89, 26% into D247MG. Immunohistochemical evaluation of human gliomas to determine the localization of MRP3 antigen using scFvs M25 and M58 showed a dense cytoplasmic and membranous staining pattern. These Fv-based recombinant antibodies, which possess superior tumor penetration capabilities and selectively target tumor cells that express MRP3, may potentially be used in immunotherapy and diagnosis for brain tumors and other cancers.
The Value of Carbamazepine in the Treatment of Tinnitus (1985)

A double-blind controlled trial on the use of oral carbamazepine in the treatment of tinnitus is reported. The effects of carbamazepine and intravenous lidocaine on tinnitus were compared. Carbamazepine had less effect than the placebo.
Porphyrin-induced photodamage as related to the subcellular localization of the porphyrins. (1982)

In liver cells photodamage following externally added protoporphyrin affects predominantly membrane associated components, whereas photodamage by uroporphyrin also affects water-soluble components. Following excess endogenous production of porphyrins, protoporphyrin concentrates in the mitochondria and exerts its photodamaging effect primarily on the mitochondrial system, whereas uroporphyrin concentrates in lysosomes with release and inactivation of lysosomal enzymes when irradiated. The results may be of importance to explain the different skin lesions in porphyria cutanea tarda and erythropoietic protoporphyria.
Collaborative Total Variation: A General Framework for Vectorial TV Models (2016)

Even after two decades, the total variation (TV) remains one of the most popular regularizations for image processing problems and has sparked a tremendous amount of research, particularly on moving from scalar to vector-valued functions. In this paper, we consider the gradient of a color image as a three-dimensional matrix or tensor with dimensions corresponding to the spatial extent, the intensity differences between neighboring pixels, and the spectral channels. The smoothness of this tensor is then measured by taking different norms along the different dimensions. Depending on the types of these norms, one obtains very different properties of the regularization, leading to novel models for color images. We call this class of regularizations collaborative total variation (CTV). On the theoretical side, we characterize the dual norm, the subdifferential, and the proximal mapping of the proposed regularizers. We further prove, with the help of the generalized concept of singular vectors, that an $\ell^{\infty}$ channel coupling makes the most prior assumptions and has the greatest potential to reduce color artifacts. Our practical contributions consist of an extensive experimental section, where we compare the performance of a large number of collaborative TV methods for inverse problems such as denoising, deblurring, and inpainting.
An Experiment Concerning the Recognition of Voices (1959)

A subjective experiment is described which confirms that characteristics of the spectral envelope of speech, notably formant positions, contribute to our ability to recognise a speaker's voice. Speakers with similar accent and rate of speaking were selected and their larynx frequency characteristics were eliminated in a vocoder system with fixed voicing frequency. A direct subjective comparison of resulting voice samples showed that the speakers' voices were still highly recognisable. A proportion of the voice samples were subjected to further treatment consisting of constant shifts of formants. It was found that the recognisability of the samples was destroyed although intelligibility was unimpaired.
A Real-Time IR-Fusion Switchgear Contact Monitoring System (SCMS) (2017)

In this paper, a real-time monitoring system for switchgear contacts (switchgear contact monitoring system) with continuous thermal monitoring is presented instead of infrequent scanning with a handheld infrared (IR) camera or IR window. Attention is focused on mediumand low-voltage switchgear contacts due to the importance of their thermal behaviors in the power system. A binocular IR camera (BIRC), whose size is only 3 cm × 3 cm × 4 cm, is installed near switchgear contacts and collects both visible-light images and IR array data of switchgear contacts. The BIRC is powered by a remote Power over Ethernet switch connected to it using one cable. At the same time, all data transmitted from the BIRC to the remote-control unit are provided by the same cable. To detect localized thermal conditions or hotspots within switchgear contacts, the IR-fusion module fuses temperature array data and image data collected by the BIRC and produces an IR-fusion image. The system design and laboratory test results are presented.
Effective Inhibition of Xenografts of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) by Rapamycin and Bevacizumab in an Intrahepatic Model (2009)

Our results, supported by micro-PET/CT, suggest that RAPA/BEV represents a potential novel antiangiogenic therapy for the treatment of HCC.
Sintering of lead-free piezoelectric materials (2015)

Piezoelectric ceramics are used in many types of devices, and today, lead zirconate\ntitanate (PZT) dominates the market due to its superior properties. Environmental\nand health concerns have made the search for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics an\nimportant issue. Potassium sodium niobate (KNN) is a lead-free ceramic material,\nwhere good piezoelectric properties are possible through compositional engineering\nor texturing, but sintering is challenging due to coarsening and alkali evaporation.\n\nThe formation of a liquid phase consisting of alkali hydroxides and carbonates\nat low temperatures is proposed to be the cause of the abnormal grain growth\nobserved in KNN materials. A reducing atmosphere should destabilize these alkali\nhydroxides and carbonates, which will limit the coarsening and therefore improve\nthe densification and enhance the piezoelectric performance.\n\nThe effect of the sintering atmosphere in nominally stoichiometric KNN and\nKNN with 3 mol% nominal alkali excess was investigated. Conventional sintering\nand dilatometry was conducted in synthetic air, nitrogen and a reducing atmosphere.\nCharacterization of the sintered pellets was done by XRD, SEM, infrared\nspectroscopy and piezoelectric measurements.\n\nThis work confirms that the liquid phase forming in KNN materials at low\ntemperatures during sintering (or calcination) consists of alkali carbonates and\nhydroxides. The reducing atmosphere limits the degree of coarsening and gives\nhigher densities. In stoichiometric KNN the coarsening was especially limited,\nresulting in a microstructure consisting of small cubic grains.\n\nFor piezoelectric applications, the samples had to be reoxidized, but this did not\ndeteriorate the microstructure significantly. The piezoelectric measurements show\nthat high density and proper sample preparation is important. The obtained values\nof the normalized strain and piezoelectric coefficient were generally low compared\nto the reported values in the literature. The polarization loops were round and had\nlarge leakage currents. However, the results suggest that a reducing atmosphere\nduring sintering might be beneficial for enhanced piezoelectric performance.
Enterostatin (VPDPR) and Its Peptide Fragment DPR Reduce Serum Cholesterol Levels after Oral Administration in Mice (2003)

We found that enterostatin (VPDPR), an anorexigenic peptide for a high-fat diet, significantly reduces serum cholesterol levels after oral administration of 100 mg/kg for 3 days in mice fed a high cholesterol-cholic acid diet. DPR, a peptide fragment of VPDPR, also had hypocholesterolemic activity at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Food intake was not suppressed under these dietary conditions. Fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids was increased significantly by both VPDPR and DPR. Interestingly, DPR induced hypocholesterolemic effects just two hours after a single oral administration at a dose of 100 mg/kg.
Quantum Dot as Spin Filter and Spin Memory (2000)

We consider a quantum dot in the Coulomb blockade regime weakly coupled to current leads and show that in the presence of a magnetic field it acts as an efficient spin filter (at the single-spin level), producing a spin-polarized current. Conversely, if the leads are fully spin polarized the up or the down state of the spin on the dot results in a large sequential or a small cotunneling current, and, thus, together with ESR techniques, the setup can be operated as a single-spin memory.