gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction and Specificity of Rel-related Proteins in Regulating Drosophila Immunity Gene Expression (1999)

NF-kappaB/Rel family proteins regulate genes that are critical for many cellular processes including apoptosis, inflammation, immune response, and development. NF-kappaB/Rel proteins function as homodimers or heterodimers, which recognize specific DNA sequences within target promoters. We examined the activity of different Drosophila Rel-related proteins in modulating Drosophila immunity genes by expressing the Rel proteins in stably transfected cell lines. We also compared how different combinations of these transcriptional regulators control the activity of various immunity genes. The results show that Rel proteins are directly involved in regulating the Drosophila antimicrobial response. Furthermore, the drosomycin and defensin expression is best induced by the Relish/Dif and the Relish/Dorsal heterodimers, respectively, whereas the attacin activity can be efficiently up-regulated by the Relish homodimer and heterodimers. These results illustrate how the formation of Rel protein dimers differentially regulate target gene expression.
Development of poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles for the delivery of non- toxic drug in combination therapy for the treatment of glioblastoma and neuroblastoma (2014)

Glioblastoma and neuroblastoma are both solid-form tumors. Glioblastomas primarily reside in the brain, while neuroblastomas are found in the sympathetic nervous system. Both glioblastoma and neuroblastoma re classified as orphan diseases, which affect less than 200,000 individuals a year. Over the course of 5 years, 40% of patients diagnosed with neuroblastomas and only 6% of patients diagnosed will glioblastomas will be living.73,74. Glioblastoma and neuroblastoma tumors possess a gene known as MGMT. MGMT is used by tumors as a DNA repair mechanism, which increases the likelihood these tumors will become resistant to traditional drug therapies.28,37 Other pathways, such as the BER pathway, also contribute to drug resistance in tumors and cause them to be especially difficult to treat.65\nThe traditional treatment options for patients with glioblastomas or neuroblastomas are chemotherapy, radiation or surgery resecting the tumor. 5,18 These treatment options are ineffective due to the tumors’ ability to resist drug treatments28 and due to the complicated nature of the resection surgery.2,,15 Combinations of traditional treatments are also becoming more popular and now patients are being treated with surgery and then with alkylating agents like TMZ for the remaining cells left behind. The focus of this research is to treat tumor cells with TMZ and increase it’s effectiveness through combination drug therapy.\nThe goal of this research was to formulate a polymeric nanoparticle delivery system that could deliver a non-toxic drug that will aid in the increased effectiveness of Temozolomide. Two drugs were encapsulated in poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles. The first drug, O6 -Benzylguanine methylates the O6 loci on MGMT, which inhibits the gene. The second drug, methyl methanesulfonate, which inhibits the ALKb protein that also aids in DNA repair. 75 The polymer was tested with NMR to ensure that the functional groups were all present and particle sizing ensured that drug could be loaded within the particles. Nanoparticle uptake studies were also performed to demonstrate the particle’s ability to enter the tumor cells. Nanoparticle toxicity studies, free drug studies, and drug loaded combination studies were also performed to determine the efficacy of the treatment.
Designing an interactive open-domain question answering system (2008)

Abstract Interactive question answering (QA), where a dialogue interface enables follow-up and clarification questions, is a recent although long-advocated field of research. We report on the design and implementation of YourQA, our open-domain, interactive QA system. YourQA relies on a Web search engine to obtain answers to both fact-based and complex questions, such as descriptions and definitions. We describe the dialogue moves and management model making YourQA interactive, and discuss the architecture, implementation and evaluation of its chat-based dialogue interface. Our Wizard-of-Oz study and final evaluation results show how the designed architecture can effectively achieve open-domain, interactive QA.
Magnetic properties of electron beam evaporated CoPt alloy thin films (1997)

A systematic study of magnetic properties of CoPt alloy thin films as a function of composition and substrate deposition temperature has been carried out. The concentration dependence of the intrinsic perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constant K/sub u/ at ambient temperature reveals a maximum at about 25 at% Pt. Films of Co/sub 75/Pt/sub 25/ deposited onto Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (0001) substrates held at temperatures from 180/spl deg/C to 400/spl deg/C exhibit a strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (1.5/spl times/10/sup 7/ erg/cm/sup 3/). This strong anisotropy is closely related to the ordered state of the hcp structure.
RETRACTED: Functionalization of Magnetite Nanoparticles as Oil Spill Collector (2015)

In the present study, a new magnetic powder based on magnetite can be used as a petroleum crude oil collector. Amidoximes based on rosin as a natural product can be prepared from a reaction between hydroxylamine and rosin/acrylonitrile adducts. The produced rosin amidoximes were used as capping agents for magnetite nanoparticles to prepare hydrophobic coated magnetic powders. A new class of monodisperse hydrophobic magnetite nanoparticles was prepared by a simple and inexpensive co-precipitation method. Iron ions and iodine were prepared by the reaction between ferric chloride and potassium iodide. The structure and morphology of magnetite capped with rosin amidoxime were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The magnetic properties were determined from vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analyses. These prepared magnetite nanoparticles were tested as bioactive nanosystems and their antimicrobial effects were investigated. The prepared nanomaterials were examined as a crude oil collector using magnetic fields. The results show promising data for the separation of the petroleum crude oil from aqueous solution in environmental pollution cleanup.
Study of improved load-tap-changing for transformers and phase-angle regulators: Final report (1988)

The feasibility of using solid-state switches in tap-changing transformers has been investigated and the application of high-speed tap changers as phase angle regulators in transmission and distribution systems has been examined. This study shows that it is not feasible to utilize solid-state switches as ''one-for-one'' replacements for mechanical tap-changing switches due to prohibitively high costs. Novel transformer winding and solid-state switch configurations have been identified which are, however, economically attractive. Costs and losses associated with various configurations have been calculated for system voltages ranging from 65 to 740 kV. The application of this type of tap change as a fast phase shifter for transmission line applications appears attractive. Limited system simulation studies have been performed to verify that a fast phase shifter of this type can improve transient stability, power oscillation damping and circulating power control. 23 figs., 6 tabs.
Allele loss from chromosome 17 in ovarian cancer. (1990)

In a number of human cancers genes capable of suppressing tumorigenicity have been identified and in some instances cloned. Successful isolation of such tumour suppressor genes has depended upon either the mapping of a locus which confers susceptibility to a specific tumour, or the finding of specific allele loss in the tumour cells of heterozygous individuals. In ovarian cancer it is known that a small proportion (approximately 5%) of tumours are due to inheritance (Lynch et al., 1989). However, as yet the locus responsible has not been mapped. The only incidence of allele loss in ovarian tumours reported is on the short arm of chromosome 11 using a c-Ha-ras I probe to detect an RFLP (Lee et al., 1989), and on 3p and 6 in a small number of cases (Ehlen & Dubeau (1990)). We describe here the results of analysis of 19 tumours for allele loss using a probe for a hypervariable locus on the long arm of chromosome 17. Approximately 77% (10/13) of tumours from informative patients showed complete or partial allele loss at this locus. Using a probe for the short arm of chromosome 17, 31% (4 of 13 informative patients) demonstrated allele loss at this position. These results suggest that possible involvement of more than one chromosomal locus in the development of ovarian cancer.
The protein threading problem with sequence amino acid interaction preferences is NP-complete (1994)

In recent protein structure prediction research there has been a great deal of interest in using amino acid interaction preferences (e.g. contact potentials or potentials of mean force) to align ('thread') a protein sequence to a known structural motif. An important open question is whether a polynomial time algorithm for finding the globally optimal threading is possible. We identify the two critical conditions governing this question: (i) variable-length gaps are admitted into the alignment, and (ii) interactions between amino acids from the sequence are admitted into the score function. We prove that if both these conditions are allowed then the protein threading decision problem (does there exist a threading with a score < or = K?) is NP-complete (in the strong sense, i.e. is not merely a number problem) and the related problem of finding the globally optimal protein threading is NP-hard. Therefore, no polynomial time algorithm is possible (unless P = NP). This result augments existing proofs that the direct protein folding problem is NP-complete by providing the corresponding proof for the 'inverse' protein folding problem. It provides a theoretical basis for understanding algorithms currently in use and indicates that computational strategies from other NP-complete problems may be useful for predictive algorithms.
The influence of particle size and surface coating of calcium carbonate on the rheological properties of its suspensions in molten polystyrene (1983)

Abstract The rheological properties of polystyrene melts filled with 30 vol % of CaCO 3 particles of varying particle size are described. The influence of surface coating the particles with stearic acid is considered. Generally, the compounds with the uncoated particles exhibit viscosities which increase at ever greater rates as the shear rates decrease. It appears that these compounds exhibit yield values. Elongational flow data also suggest the existence of yield values. Difficulties exist in measurement of normal stresses in compounds with sizeable yield values. The principal normal stress difference at fixed shear stress of the PS/CaCO 3 compounds is lower than that of the PS melt. The magnitude of viscosity increases and yield values increase with decreasing particle size. Coating of particles with stearic acid results in major viscosity reductions and decreases in apparent yield values. The surface coating is most effective with the smallest particles. It presumably reduces interaction between particles and the extent of aggregation.
Human Heat Labile Opsonins: Evidence for Their Mediation via the Alternate Pathway of Complement Activation (1972)

Abstract The possible participation of the alternate pathway of C3 activation in the activation of human heat labile opsonins by bacteria has been investigated. It was shown that: a) opsonization took place normally in human sera completely lacking C1q; b) complete absorption of immunoglobulins and C1q from agammaglobulinemic sera failed to abolish opsonic capacity; c) heat labile opsonic capacity for Escherichia coli was markedly reduced by heating normal serum at 50°C for 30 min, conditions which inactivate a component of the alternate pathway of complement activation and d) addition to such heated serum of purified C3 proactivator, a constituent of the alternate pathway, resulted in restoration of a significant fraction of the opsonic activity. These results indicate that heat labile opsonization is mediated via an alternate pathway of C3 activation.
Textile Electrodes for EEG Recording — A Pilot Study (2012)

The overall aim of our research is to develop a monitoring system for neonatal intensive care units. Long-term EEG monitoring in newborns require that the electrodes don't harm the sensitive skin of the baby, an especially relevant feature for premature babies. Our approach to EEG monitoring is based on several electrodes distributed over the head of the baby, and since the weight of the head always will be on some of them, any type of hard electrode will inevitably cause a pressure-point that can irritate the skin. Therefore, we propose the use of soft conductive textiles as EEG electrodes, primarily for neonates, but also for other kinds of unobtrusive long-term monitoring. In this paper we have tested two types of textile electrodes on five healthy adults and compared them to standard high quality electrodes. The acquired signals were compared with respect to morphology, frequency distribution, spectral coherence, correlation and power line interference sensitivity, and the signals were found to be similar in most respects. The good measurement performance exhibited by the textile electrodes indicates that they are feasible candidates for EEG recording, opening the door for long-term EEG monitoring applications.
An overlapping-based process model for managing schedule and cost risk in product development (2012)

Overlapping between development activities stemming from concurrent engineering may not only reduce duration of a project but also create rework risk. This article presents a process modeling and analysis technique for managing complex product development projects using optimization and simulation techniques. In order to analyze the forced overlapped process with lead–risk, we propose evolution and sensitivity design structure matrix for reflecting overlapping and their impact on the degree of activity sensitivity and evolution in the process model. Using the design structure matrix, we present the schedule and cost model associated with iteration, overlapping, and rework by incorporating many more general characteristics of complex design processes. The model can be used for better project planning and control by identifying overlapping and risk for process improvements, and for evaluating alternative planning and execution strategies. An industrial example, a tactics aerocraft preliminary development design process at a company, is provided to illustrate the utility of the model using optimization and discrete-event simulation. The optimization model maximizes the compressed time associated with overlapping and yields several managerial insights, including optimization analysis of project activity sequence, how overlapping and rework risk impact on project schedule and cost, trading off schedule and cost risk.
Validation of a model-based virtual trials method for tight glycemic control in intensive care (2010)

This study fully validates these virtual patients and in silico virtual trial methods, and clearly shows they can accurately simulate, in advance, the clinical results of a TGC protocol, enabling rapid in silico protocol design and optimization. These outcomes provide the first rigorous validation of a virtual in-silico patient and virtual trials methodology.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity: Biochemical, metabolic and clinical presentations (2014)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common liver disease in the world.Presentation of the disease ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).NAFLD is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome that includes central abdominal obesity along with other components.Up to80%of patients with NAFLD are obese,defined as a body mass index(BMI)>30 kg/m2.However,the distribution of fat tissue plays a greater role in insulin resistance than the BMI.The large amount of visceral adipose tissue(VAT)in morbidly obese(BMI>40 kg/m2)individuals contributes to a high prevalence of NAFLD.Free fatty acids derived from VAT tissue,as well as from dietary sources and de novo lipogenesis,are released to the portal venous system.Excess free fatty acids and chronic low-grade inflammation from VAT are considered to be two of the most important factors contributing to liver injury progression in NAFLD.In addition,secretion of adipokines from VAT as well as lipid accumulation in the liver further promotes inflammation through nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways,which are also activated by free fatty acids,and contribute to insulin resistance.Most NAFLD patients are asymptomatic on clinical presentation,even though some may present with fatigue,dyspepsia,dull pain in the liver and hepatosplenomegaly.Treatment for NAFLD and NASH involves weight reduction through lifestyle modifications,anti-obesity medication and bariatric surgery.This article reviews the available information on the biochemical and metabolic phenotypes associated with obesity and fatty liver disease.The relative contribution of visceral and liver fat to insulin resistance is discussed,and recommendations for clinical evaluation of affected individuals is provided.
Monocytes from Wiskott-Aldrich patients display reduced chemotaxis and lack of cell polarization in response to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. (1998)

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked disorder characterized by trombocytopenia, eczema, and progressive decline of the immune function. In addition, lymphocytes and platelets from WAS patients have morphologic abnormalities. Since chemokines may induce morphologic changes and migration of leukocytes, we investigated the monocyte response to chemoattractants in cells from WAS patients with an identified mutation in the WAS protein gene. Here, we report that monocytes derived from four patients with molecularly defined typical WAS have a severely impaired migration in response to FMLP and to the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha compared with normal donors. Conversely, neither MCP-1 binding to monocytes nor induction of the respiratory burst by MCP-1 and FMLP is significantly different between WAS patients and normal donors. Within a few minutes of stimulation, monocytes respond to chemokines with increased expression of adhesion molecules and with morphologic changes such as cell polarization. Although up-regulation of CD11b/CD18 expression following stimulation with FMLP or MCP-1 is preserved in WAS patients, cell polarization is dramatically decreased. Staining of F-actin by FITC-phalloidin in monocytes stimulated with chemoattractants shows F-actin to have a rounded shape in WAS patients, as opposed to the polymorphic distribution of F-actin in the polarized monocytes from healthy donors. These results suggest that WAS protein is involved in the monocyte response to the chemokines MCP-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha.
The C8-binding protein of human erythrocytes: interaction with the components of the complement-attack phase. (1988)

C8-binding protein is an intrinsic membrane protein of the human erythrocyte. It inhibits the complement (C5b-9)-mediated lysis in a species-restricting manner. In the present study we incorporated C8bp, isolated from human erythrocytes, into sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). SRBC, normally sensitive to lysis by human C5b-9, became insensitive to lysis. Furthermore, we found that C8bp is incorporated into the membrane-attack complex C5b-9, most probably by interacting with C8, since C8bp has an affinity for C8, particularly for the C8 alpha-gamma-subunit. Antibodies to C8bp react with the C8 alpha-subunits and with C9, pointing to the possibility of a partial homology between these proteins.
Role of NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Atherosclerosis (2017)

Inflammation with macrophage infiltration is a key feature of atherosclerosis. Although the mechanisms had been unclear, emerging evidence unveiled that NLRP3 inflammasomes, which regulate caspase-1 activation and subsequent processing of pro-IL-1β, trigger vascular wall inflammatory responses and lead to progression of atherosclerosis. NLRP3 inflammasomes are activated by various danger signals, such as cholesterol crystals, calcium phosphate crystals, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein in macrophages, to initiate inflammatory responses in the atherosclerotic lesion. Recent studies have further clarified the regulatory mechanisms and the potential therapeutic agents that target NLRP3 inflammasomes. In this study, we reviewed the present state of knowledge on the role of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and discussed the therapeutic approaches that target NLRP3 inflammasomes.
Associations and prognostic significance of diffuse myocardial fibrosis by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (2018)

NCT03197350 . Date of registration: 20/06/2017. This trial was retrospectively registered.
Investigation of the Use of Ceramic Material in Aircraft Engine Bearings (1979)

A program to initiate life factor correlation between hot-presded silicon nitride rolling elements and M-50 steel hybrid rolling elements has been completed. All materials for component fabrication have been procured and qualified. Retainers and test tooling are complete. Complications in rolling contact fatigue qualification of roller stock, traced to specimen preparation techniques did not allow completion of bearing fabrication. A considerable effort was dedicated to study of the RCF qualification for ceramic materials resulting in development of machining techniques to produce bearing quality silicon nitride surfaces without super-finishining. Static Hertzian indentation of silicon nitride surfaces, fracture energy measurements, and radioactive gas penetrant tracers were found to be potentially valuable evaluation techniques for ceramics in the rolling contact environment. (Author)
<i>Verdict According to Conscience: Perspectives on the English Criminal Trial Jury, 1200-1800</i>, by Thomas Andrew Green (1987)

"Verdict According to Conscience: Perspectives on the English Criminal Trial Jury, 1200-1800, by Thomas Andrew Green." Canadian Journal of History, 22(1), pp. 87–88
Optical and electrical properties of polyamic acid alkylamine salts (PAAS) Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films (2002)

It is important to investigate the molecular arrangement and the orientational distribution in the study of LB films. Polarized UV/visible spectra make it possible to reveal the arrangement and the orientational distribution. It is clarified that the PAAS LB films have specific directions in the molecular arrangement and the orientational distribution, which are different in intensity corresponding to the surface pressure. Unpolarized UV/visible absorption spectra reveal that the surface pressure is proportional to the film thickness and is related to the molecular orientation. Current-Voltage (I-V) measurements provide that the current decreases as the surface pressure increases and there are certain phenomena called switching phenomena. Switching effect indicates that the current flows in high conductivity during on-state and suddenly decreases into low conductivity during off-state.