gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-quality reflections, refractions, and caustics in Augmented Reality and their contribution to visual coherence (2012)

In this paper we present a novel high-quality rendering system for Augmented Reality (AR). We study ray-tracing based rendering techniques in AR with the goal of achieving real-time performance and improving visual quality as well as visual coherence between real and virtual objects in a final composited image. A number of realistic and physically correct rendering effects are demonstrated, that have not been presented in real-time AR environments before. Examples are high-quality specular effects such as caustics, refraction, reflection, together with a depth of field effect and anti-aliasing. We present a new GPU implementation of photon mapping and its application for the calculation of caustics in environments where real and virtual objects are combined. The composited image is produced on-the-fly without the need of any preprocessing step. A main contribution of our work is the achievement of interactive rendering speed for high-quality ray-tracing algorithms in AR setups. Finally we performed an evaluation to study how users perceive visual quality and visual coherence with different realistic rendering effects. The results of our user study show that in 40.1% cases users mistakenly judged virtual objects as real ones. Moreover we show that high-quality rendering positively affects the perceived visual coherence.
Scintigraphic quantification and serial monitoring of human visceral amyloid deposits provide evidence for turnover and regression (1993)

Radiolabelled serum amyloid P component scintigraphy provides information on the diagnosis and distribution of amyloid which was not previously available. A simple reproducible method for quantifying the uptake of 123I-labelled serum amyloid P component into individual livers, spleens and kidneys was devised and evaluated in 22 patients with different types of systemic amyloidosis. Prospective studies in 10 patients were undertaken in order to monitor aspects of the natural history of visceral amyloid deposits. Although measurements of tracer uptake were not as discriminating for diagnostic purposes as the opinions of two highly experienced visual observers, the availability of objective scintigraphic parameters should facilitate interpretation of serum amyloid P component scans in centres unfamiliar with the technique. The follow-up studies demonstrated several intriguing features of amyloidogenesis. There was very rapid progression of deposits in some individuals with differential rates of accretion in different organs. The single patient with AL amyloidosis treated with cytotoxic drugs showed substantial regression of hepatic amyloid deposits whilst his splenic amyloid increased. His spleen was then removed and further regression of the hepatic amyloid was observed. It is concluded that quantitative serum amyloid P component scintigraphy is a useful method for assessing visceral amyloid and that the deposits not only progress at extremely variable rates, but can evidently also be mobilized. These findings encourage active therapeutic approaches in the management of amyloidosis.
MEIOSIS IN <i>NEUROSPORA CRASSA</i>. I. THE ISOLATION OF RECESSIVE MUTANTS DEFECTIVE IN THE PRODUCTION OF VIABLE ASCOSPORES (1980)

A scheme has been devised for efficient isolation of recessive meiotic mutants of Neurospora crassa. These mutants were detected by their reduced fertility or by the abortion of ascospores. Their isolation involved the selection and screening of the strains arising from ascospores disomic (n + 1) for linkage group I (LG I), which bears the mating-type locus. These strains are self-fertile heterokaryons that contain two types of haploid nuclei of opposite mating types (A + a). Selfings of these strains are homozygous for genes on all linkage groups except LGI and therefore allow the expression of recessive mutants with an altered sexual cycle. Using this selection procedure, three classes of mutants were detected. In one class, mutants had an early block in perithecial development (class I), and in another mutants had altered perithecia, but apparently unaltered fertility (class III). No recessive mutants were observed and all mutants tested (eight of class I and two of class III) were expressed only when used as the maternal parent. A third mutant class displayed normal production of perithecia, but defective formation of asci (class IIA), or black ascospores (class IIB). Four of 13 class IIA mutants were analyzed, and two of them [asc(DL131) and asc (DL400)] were definitely recessive analysis of 10 of 13 class IIB mutants disclosed six recessive, mutually complementing mutants: ase(DL95), asc(DL243), asc(DL711), asc(DL879), asc(DL917m) and asc(DL961). Mutants asc(DL95), asc(DL243) and the previously studied mei-1 mutant (Smith 1975) complemented one another in crosses, but did not recombine. These may be alleles of the same gene, or they may comprise a gene cluster.
Regulation of the <i>mdm2</i> Oncogene by Thyroid Hormone Receptor (1999)

The mdm2 gene is positively regulated by p53 through a p53-responsive DNA element in the first intron of the mdm2 gene. mdm2 binds p53, thereby abrogating the ability of p53 to activate the mdm2 gene, and thus forming an autoregulatory loop of mdm2 gene regulation. Although the mdm2 gene is thought to act as an oncogene by blocking the activity of p53, recent studies indicate that mdm2 can act independently of p53 and block the G1 cell cycle arrest mediated by members of the retinoblastoma gene family and can activate E2F1/DP1 and the cyclin A gene promoter. In addition, factors other than p53 have recently been shown to regulate the mdm2 gene. In this article, we report that thyroid hormone (T3) receptors (T3Rs), but not the closely related members of the nuclear thyroid hormone/retinoid receptor gene family (retinoic acid receptor, vitamin D receptor, peroxisome proliferation activation receptor, or retinoid X receptor), regulate mdm2 through the same intron sequences that are modulated by p53. Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor I, an orphan nuclear receptor which normally acts as a transcriptional repressor, also activates mdm2 through the same intron region of the mdm2 gene. Two T3R-responsive DNA elements were identified and further mapped to sequences within each of the p53 binding sites of the mdm2 intron. A 10-amino-acid sequence in the N-terminal region of T3Ralpha that is important for transactivation and interaction with TFIIB was also found to be important for activation of the mdm2 gene response element. T3 was found to stimulate the endogenous mdm2 gene in GH4C1 cells. These cells are known to express T3Rs, and T3 is known to stimulate replication of these cells via an effect in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Our findings, which indicate that T3Rs can regulate the mdm2 gene independently of p53, provide an explanation for certain known effects of T3 and T3Rs on cell proliferation. In addition, these findings provide further evidence for p53-independent regulation of mdm2 which could lead to the development of tumors from cells that express low levels of p53 or that express p53 mutants defective in binding to and activating the mdm2 gene.
Inhibition of Human Colonie Epithelial Cell Proliferation in Vivoand in Vitro by Calcium1 (1986)

Nine patients at high risk of developing colon cancer were placed on daily p.o. supplementation of 1500 mg of calcium for 4-8 weeks. The colonie epithelial cells in six of these patients showed a statistically significant decrease in their |3H|thymidine labeling indices in tissue culture so that they resembled those of patients at low risk of developing colon cancer. The three nonresponders had similar labeling indices before and after calcium supplementation. Biopsies from each of nine high-risk patients exhibited a decrease in proliferation when they were cultured in vitro with a high level of CaCl2 (2.2 HIMcompared with the 0.1 IHM optimum value for proliferation). Two adenomas and two carcinomas showed a different pattern of response than normal cells, exhibiting no inhibition of growth at 2.2 HIMCaCl2.These data indicate that the growth inhibition induced by high levels of extracellular calcium levels is lost at a stage in tumor development before cells become malignant.
UDS implementation for ECU I/O testing (2018)

The electronic control devices in a modern vehicle are called as Electronic Control Units (ECU). The ECUs support Controller Area Network (CAN) communication protocol. CAN is used for communication between vehicle ECUs since it is reliable, robust and has fault confinement quality. But when the number of on-board ECUs is increased, the diagnosis of a specific ECU becomes a complex task. The diagnosis of the electronic devices and electrical circuits is done with a standardized communication protocol, UDS (Unified Diagnostic Services). In this paper, Input/Outputs testing by UDS application is presented.
4th Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (2012)

We recommend the adoption of the criteria for dementia proposed by the NIA/AA working group in 2011. * We recommend the adoption of the criteria concerning probable and possible Alzheimer's Disease dementia proposed by the NIA/AA working group in 2011. * We recommend the adoption of the criteria for MCI due to AD proposed by the NIA-AA working group in 2011. * We recommend reassessment of the utility of the concept of prodromal AD in the future when biomarkers are available, validated, and ready for use in Canada. * We recommend the IWG definition of asymptomatic at-risk for AD only for research purposes. * Given that the presence of brain amyloid in normal people is of uncertain significance, we discourage the use of amyloid imaging in individuals without memory loss, outside of the research setting. The medical community should be clear in its discussions with patients, the media and the general population that the presence of brain amyloid in normal people is of unclear significance at the present time. * We recommend the 2011 ASA/AHA recommendations for the diagnosis of VCI.
Investigation of active antenna arrays at 60 GHz (1995)

There has been a significant effort to develop millimeter-wave active-array antennas for communications and radar applications. A dielectric waveguide is a promising medium for this application. However, the integration of active devices, transmission media, and antennas has been difficult to achieve. This paper presents the first successful demonstration of a phase locked array of millimeter wave grating surface emitters (MMWGSE). We discuss three aspects of MMWGSE: (1) The achievement of an optically steered millimeter wave grating surface emitter. (2) The demonstration of a frequency locked array of millimeter wave grating surface emitters. (3) Rigorous analytical studies of efficiently coupling power from a millimeter wave semiconductor device, to a waveguide which incorporates grating surface emitters. This work leads to a full monolithic array using pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT)-devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Binding sites for endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) on human monocytes (1991)

The nature of the binding sites for LPS on human monocytes was investigated using [3H] labeled intact LPS from Neisseria meningitidis and from Salmonella minnesota R7, and the [3H] labeled purified inner core region (PS-OMe) of S.m. R7 LPS. In the presence of serum, intact LPS from enterobacterial and nonenterobacterial strains bound to monocytes in a dose-dependent, saturable, and displaceable fashion. N.m. LPS and LPS from the enterobacterial strain of Escherichia coli 0111-B4 bound to the same sites on monocytes as assessed in competitive binding experiments. Specific binding of intact LPS to monocytes occurred through the CD14 molecule as shown by the ability of mAb and of F(ab')2 fragments of mAb directed against specific epitopes of CD14 to inhibit the binding of [3H]-LPS to cells and by the lack of binding of intact LPS to CD14-deficient cells from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Specific binding of LPS to monocytes was not mediated by the CD11/CD18 complex because mAb to the alpha and beta chains of the Leu-CAM molecules did not alter the binding of LPS to cells and because LPS did not inhibit the binding of labeled mAb to monocytes. [3H]-PS-OMe also bound in a dose-dependent and displaceable fashion to monocytes involving an unidentified, non-CD14, binding site on the cells. Binding of LPS to monocytes also involved nonsaturable binding sites for hydrophobic structures of LPS as evidenced in binding experiments performed in the absence of serum. These observations indicate that intact LPS may interact with the monocyte membrane in at least three ways including serum-dependent binding to CD14 and to a lectin-like receptor, and serum-independent hydrophobic interactions.
Dielectric Properties of Ferroelectric Lithium Tantalate Crystals Studied by Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (2003)

The terahertz (THz) dynamics of ferroelectric lithium tantalate crystals has been investigated using the latest THz time-domain spectroscopy. The intensity and phase shift of transmitted THz radiation have been accurately measured for the propagation of the THz radiation along the y-axis down to 3 cm-1 (0.1 THz). The phonon-polariton dispersion relations have been determined from the phase shift for A1(z) and E(x,y) symmetry polaritons. The dispersion relations of both symmetries show no "avoided crossing" below 60 cm-1 (1.8 THz). The complex dielectric constants εz(ω) and εx(ω) in the sub-THz to THz regions have also been determined as functions of frequency. Both the real and imaginary parts of εx(ω) are well reproduced using a single damped harmonic oscillator model. However, those of εz(ω) indicate the excess part, which may be attributed to a relaxation process related to the order-disorder nature of ferroelectricity.
Optimal Solution to Matrix Riccati Equation – For Kalman Filter Implementation (2012)

Matrix Riccati Equations arise frequently in applied mathematics, science, and engineering problems. These nonlinear matrix equations are particularly significant in optimal control, filtering, and estimation problems. Essentially, solving a Riccati equation is a central issue in optimal control theory. The needs for such equations are common in the analysis and synthesis of Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQC) control problems. In one form or the other, Riccati Equations play significant roles in optimal control of multivariable and large-scale systems, scattering theory, estimation, and detection processes. In addition, closed forms solution of Riccti Equations are intractable for two reasons namely; one, they are nonlinear and two, are in matrix forms. In the past, a number of unconventional numerical methods were employed for the solutions of time-invariant Riccati Differential Equations (RDEs). Despite their peculiar structure, no unconventional methods suitable for time-varying RDEs have been constructed, except for carefully re-designed conventional linear multistep and Runge-Kutta(RK) methods.
Characterization of the spoT gene of Escherichia coli (1989)

The Escherichia coli spoT gene encodes a guanosine-3',5'-bispyrophosphate (ppGpp) 3'-pyrophosphohydrolase known to be responsible for cellular (ppGpp) degradation. The DNA sequence of the spoT region is presented. The spoT gene is deduced to be 702 codons long, with a probable UUG initiation codon, and a deduced mass of 79,342 daltons. Two spoT mutations (spoT202 and spoT203) have been localized to an open reading frame by complementation of function as well as by genetic marker rescue. The ability to overexpress the spoT gene is limited, but enough ppGppase activity can be made to reverse ppGpp accumulation during the stringent response to amino acid starvation. The spoT gene is located within a larger spo operon and is flanked by two smaller genes. The first gene in the operon encodes omega, a protein that copurifies with RNA polymerase (Gentry, D. R., and Burgess, R. R. (1986) Gene (Amst.) 48, 33-40). The spoT gene is the second gene in the operon; it is followed by a third open reading frame deduced to encode a protein with a mass of 25,343 daltons. Insertion of a kanamycin resistance gene in the omega gene reduces spoT gene expression as judged by lowered ppGppase activity, relA-dependent reduction of growth rate, and abolition of spoT mutant complementation activity. These effects are reversed by expression of the spoT gene, but not the omega gene, in trans. Transcription of the spo operon occurs in a clockwise direction on the E. coli chromosome and is probably directed by at least two promoters.
Fluorescence Quenching and Enhancement by H-bonding Interactions in Some Nitrogen Containing Fluorophores (2006)

Abstract The benzo[de]benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-7-one (1) shows solvent dependent fluorescence emission. The compound shows quenching of fluorescence emission on interaction with polyhydroxy compounds such as 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene. The result on fluorescence quenching is attributed to the hydrogen bonding interactions. Similar observation of fluorescence quenching by protic solvent is observed with isoindolo[2,1-a] perimidin-12-one (2). In the case of 2-(2-amino-phenyl)-isoindole-1,3-dione (3) enhancement of fluorescence emission in methanol solution is observed over benzene solution. This is explained on the basis of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The crystal structure of adduct of 1 with 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene respectively and 3 are reported. Keywords: FluorescenceQuenchingH-bondingSolvatochromicity Acknowledgements We are thankful to DST (New Delhi, India) for financial assistance. The authors thank one of the referees for suggestions.
Oxetane modified, conformationally constrained, antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides function efficiently as gene silencing molecules (2004)

Incorporation of nucleosides with novel base-constraining oxetane (OXE) modifications [oxetane, 1-(1',3'-O-anhydro-beta-d-psicofuranosyl nucleosides)] into antisense (AS) oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) should greatly improve the gene silencing efficiency of these molecules. This is because OXE modified bases provide nuclease protection to the natural backbone ODNs, can impart T(m) values similar to those predicted for RNA-RNA hybrids, and not only permit but also accelerate RNase H mediated catalytic activity. We tested this assumption in living cells by directly comparing the ability of OXE and phosphorothioate (PS) ODNs to target c-myb gene expression. The ODNs were targeted to two different sites within the c-myb mRNA. One site was chosen arbitrarily. The other was a 'rational' choice based on predicted hybridization accessibility after physical mapping with self-quenching reporter molecules (SQRM). The Myb mRNA and protein levels were equally diminished by OXE and PS ODNs, but the latter were delivered to cells with approximately six times greater efficiency, suggesting that OXE modified ODNs were more potent on a molar basis. The rationally targeted molecules demonstrated greater silencing efficiency than those directed to an arbitrarily chosen mRNA sequence. We conclude that rationally targeted, OXE modified ODNs, can function efficiently as gene silencing agents, and hypothesize that they will prove useful for therapeutic purposes.
Synthesis of 2'-O-Methyluridine, 2'-O-Methylcytidine and Their Relating Compounds. (1965)

Methylation of 3', 5'-di-O-trityluridine (I) gave a mixture of two compounds, which was detritylated and then separated to give N3, 2'-O-dimethyluridine (V) and 2'-O-methyluridine (VI). After treatment of the above mixture with ethanolic ammonia, the reaction products were detritylated and separated to give V and 2'-O-methyl-cytidine (VII). By a similar method 3'-O-methyl nucleosides were obtained from 2', 5'-di-O-trityluridine (II). The relative rates of acidic hydrolysis of uridine, VI, and 3'-O-methyluridine have been determined and were shown to obey first order kinetics. Introduction of a methoxyl function at the 2'- or 3'-position of uridine enhances the stability of the glycosyl linkage to acid hydrolysis.
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate binds specifically to soluble CD4 protein, the HIV-1 receptor. Implications for AIDS therapy. (1993)

Considerable effort is being made to design anti-viral drugs for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection process. Some of this work has focused on CD4 protein, the HIV-1 receptor on T helper lymphocytes. One drug that binds to CD4 protein and inhibits both viral infection and growth is DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanato-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonate). DIDS is best known for its ability to inhibit erythrocyte band 3 anion exchange. Although the antiviral potency of DIDS is evident in vitro (IC50 approximately 30 microM), intravenous administration of DIDS should not be effective owing to the large number of band 3 molecules present on the red blood cell membrane (approximately 10(6)/cell), and to the very small Kd for DIDS binding to band 3 (approximately 30 nM). Therefore, we sought to identify other anion transport inhibitors that would bind weakly to band 3, but tightly to CD4 protein, and that could be administered to humans without significant toxic side effects. On the basis of our previous work with band 3 (Salhany, J. M., Rauenbuehler, P. B., and Sloan, R. L. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 15965-15973), we elected to study the binding of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) to soluble CD4 protein. We have discovered that PLP binds surprisingly tightly to soluble CD4 protein (Kd = 45 microM), with a stoichiometry of about 1 mol of PLP/mol of protein. Furthermore, PLP binding was found to be competitive with DIDS for its binding site on soluble CD4 protein. These results suggest that PLP may be an effective anti-viral agent for the HIV-1 infection process.
Electrochemical energy storage for an orbiting space station (1981)

The system weight of a multi hundred kilowatt fuel cell electrolysis cell energy storage system based upon alkaline electrochemical cell technology for use in a future orbiting space station in low Earth orbit (LEO) was studied. Preliminary system conceptual design, fuel cell module performance characteristics, subsystem and system weights, and overall system efficiency are identified. The impact of fuel cell module operating temperature and efficiency upon energy storage system weight is investigated. The weight of an advanced technology system featuring high strength filament wound reactant tanks and a fuel cell module employing lightweight graphite electrolyte reservoir plates is defined.
Bowman: a node OS for active networks (2002)

Bowman is an extensible platform for active networking: it layers active networking functionality in user space software over variants of the System V UNIX operating system. The packet processing path implemented in Bowman incorporates an efficient and flexible packet classification algorithm, supports multi-threaded per-flow processing, and utilizes real time processor scheduling to achieve deterministic performance in the user-space. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of Bowman; discuss the support that Bowman provides for implementing execution environments for active networking; discuss the network-level architecture of Bowman that can be used to implement virtual networks; and present performance data showing that Bowman is able to sustain 100 Mbps throughput while forwarding IP packets over fast Ethernets.
Working haem analogues; reversible oxygenation of the manganese–tertiary phosphine complexes MnLX<sub>2</sub> (1979)

The reversible oxygenation of the complexes MnLX2(L = tertiary phosphine, but not PPh3, X = action) has been investigated; these complexes resemble haemoglobin and myoglobin to a remarkable degree as reversible dioxygen carriers.