gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic and transport properties of NiFe/Ag and Co/NiFe/Co/Ag multilayers (1996)

We present a comprehensive study of the structural, magnetic, and transport properties of NiFe/Ag multilayers grown by magnetron sputtering onto substrates maintained at liquid-nitrogen temperature. The influence of the Ag thickness (${\mathit{t}}_{\mathrm{Ag}}$), NiFe thickness (${\mathit{t}}_{\mathrm{NiFe}}$), and number of bilayers (n) has been studied. These multilayers exhibit antiferromagnetic and biquadratic coupling for 9 \AA{}${\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{Ag}}$12.5 \AA{}. For a given Ag thickness in this interval, the saturation field is inversely proportional to ${\mathit{t}}_{\mathrm{NiFe}}$. Furthermore, giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is observed with a maximum amplitude for ${\mathit{t}}_{\mathrm{NiFe}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}25 \AA{}. However, the maximum GMR sensitivity \ensuremath{\Delta}R/R/H is obtained at larger NiFe thicknesses. The dependence of the resistivity and magnetoresistance on the thickness of the NiFe layers has been analyzed within the Camley and Barnas semiclassical theory. The effect of adding thin layers of Co at the NiFe/Ag interfaces has also been investigated. A doubling of the GMR amplitude at room temperature and a significant increase in the saturation field are observed with the introduction of only one atomic plane of Co at each NiFe/Ag interface. A quantitative analysis of the data shows that the increase of the GMR is due to a better transmission of the spin-up electrons through the NiFe/Co/Ag interface than through the NiFe/Ag interface. The results are interpreted in terms of a reinforcement of the magnetic ordering at the NiFe/Co/Ag interfaces, and correlatively a reduction of the interfacial magnetic scattering caused by the presence of the Co layer. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Nonproliferation and safeguarding via ionization detection (1995)

A significant signature of the presence of special nuclear material (SNM) is ionizing radiation. SNM naturally decays with the emission of alpha particles, gamma rays, and neutrons. Detecting and monitoring these emissions is an important capability for international safeguards. A new detection method collects the ions produced by such radiation in ambient air. Alpha particles in particular are specific to heavy nuclei but have very short range. The ions produced by an alpha, however, can be transported tens of meters to an ion detector. These new monitors are rugged, very sensitive, respond in real time, and in most cases are quite portable.
Automating 3D wireless measurements with drones (2016)

Wireless signals and networks are ubiquitous. Though more reliable than ever, wireless networks still struggle with weak coverage, blind spots, and interference. Having a strong understanding of wireless signal propagation is essential for increasing coverage, optimizing performance, and minimizing interference for wireless networks. Extensive studies have analyzed the propagation of wireless signals and proposed theoretical models to simulate wireless signal propagation. Unfortunately, models of signal propagation are often not accurate in reality. Real-world signal measurements are required for validation.
Extensively drug-resistant <em>Myroides odoratimimus</em> &ndash;&nbsp;a case series of urinary tract infections in immunocompromised patients (2018)

Although <i>M. odoratimimus</i> is an uncommon pathogen, clinicians should be aware of its ability to cause UTI outbreaks, especially in the immunocompromised population. Due to its multi-drug resistance, it is important to rapidly identify <i>Myroides</i> spp. in order to choose the best treatment regimen.
Epidemiologic Study and Control of Taenia Solium Infections with Praziquantel in a Rural Village of Mexico (1991)

This study reports the results of an epidemiologic survey for the detection of Taenia solium in a rural village of 559 inhabitants in Sinaloa, Mexico, as well as a large scale treatment of the population with praziquantel. The study was carried out in two stages. In stage 1, serial stool analysis of 392 persons detected a cluster of three T. solium tapeworms. A fourth T. solium tapeworm was detected through a household census, giving a 1.32% prevalence rate for this helminth. Over 70% of the population over five years of age was treated with a 10 mg/kg dose of praziquantel, and no additional tapeworms were found. Environmental studies for the detection of Taenia sp. eggs in soil, water, and and objects from the houses of tapeworm-infected individuals showed only one soil sample containing eggs compatible with Taenia sp. A total of 72 domestic pigs were examined for the presence of cysticerci under the tongue. One animal had cysts, and belonged to a household that had two T. solium tapeworm infections. Stage 2 of the study was carried out one year after large scale antihelminthic treatment (LSAT), and no infections with Taenia sp. eggs were found. No cysticercus-infected pigs were detected. Intestinal parasitosis decreased from 69.2% to 37.5%. It is concluded that LSAT with praziquantel is efficient in decreasing endemic foci of T. solium. Seropositivity to T. solium bladder fluid antigens was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and found to be 11% before LSAT and 7% one year later. In family members living with T. solium tapeworm carriers, the number of seropositive individuals was 28%. The relative risk ratio of seropositivity for persons living in the same household with a T. solium tapeworm carrier was 2.95. Positive response was significantly higher in the 30-39-year-old age group, in which 30% were seropositive in stage 1, compared with 7% one year after LSAT. High seropositivity rates were significantly associated with tapeworm clusters as well as with individuals with a clinical history of seizures.
ChemInform Abstract: CARDIOTONIC STEROIDS. 5. A SYNTHESIS OF BUFADIENOLIDES AND CARDENOLIDES FROM 3β‐ACETOXY‐5‐ANDROSTEN‐17‐ONE VIA COMMON INTERMEDIATES (1984)

Abstract 3β‐Acetoxy‐5‐an‐ drosten‐l 7‐on (I) wird in der angegebenen Weise zu einer Zwischenstufe (V) umgesetzt, aus der ein Dien‐ester (VI) bzw. ein Cardenolid (VII) hergestellt werden können.
Evolutional ship design concept for the final phase of EEDI (2012)

NMRI has been studying a new type of energy saving vessels not only hull forms but also engines. The most active one at this moment is the project called ZEUS which means zero emission ultimate ship. In the paper several new technologies will be introduced including boundary layer control system and optimum propulsion system.
Calculations of effect of anisotropic stress/strain on dopant diffusion in silicon under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions (2006)

Understanding changes in dopant diffusion under strain is critical for controlling junction profiles in current and future very large scale integrated technology due to expanding use of large strains to enhance channel mobility. We use density functional theory calculations to investigate the stress dependence of boron (B) and arsenic (As) diffusion including vacancy (V) and interstitial (I) mechanisms under arbitrary stress/strain states. We have also analyzed the effects of stress on I and V diffusion with resulting impact on transient enhanced diffusion and coupled diffusion. For B diffusion, which is primarily mediated by I, we find greatly enhanced diffusion under tensile stress. Due to low symmetry of calculated transition state, we predict strongly anisotropic diffusion under anisotropic strain, with the strongest effects in direction of strain. This has a major impact on control of lateral junction abruptness as seen in two-dimensional simulations. The predicted behavior is consistent with combined analysis of vertical diffusion under biaxial [P. Kuo, J. L. Hoyt, J. F. Gibbons, J. E. Turner, and D. Lefforge, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 580 (1995)] and hydrostatic [Zhao et al.] stress. In contrast, we find isotropic As diffusion for both I and V mediated processes. We predict As diffusivity to increase substantially under compressive strain, but to show little change under tensile strain, consistent with experimental observations [N. Sugii, J. Appl. Phys. 96, 261 (2004)].
Using WGAN for Improving Imbalanced Classification Performance. (2019)

This paper investigates data synthesis with a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for augmenting the amount of data used for training classifiers (in supervised learning) to compensate for class imbalance (when the classes are not represented equally by the same number of training samples). Our data synthesis approach with GAN is compared with data augmentation in the context of image classification. Our experimental results show encouraging results in comparison to standard data augmentation schemes based on image transforms.
Isolation of a New 15-Membered Macrocyclic Glycolipid Lactone, Cuscutic Resinoside A from the Seeds of<i>Cuscuta chinensis</i>: A Stimulator of Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation (2004)

While searching for new estrogenic compounds from the plant kingdom, we investigated an extract of the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis (Convolvulaceae) which showed potency for stimulating MCF-7 cell proliferation. A novel resin glycoside, cuscutic resinoside A ( 6) was isolated along with five known compounds from the extract. The structure was deduced from its spectral data as (11 S)-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid 11- O-alpha- L-(4- O-2 R,3 R-nilylrhamnopyranosyl)-(1-->2)- O-alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1,2-lactone) forming a unique 15-membered macrocyclic lactone. The compound significantly stimulated not only MCF-7 cell proliferation but also T47D human breast cancer cells at a concentration of 10 microM. Along with cuscutamine ( 1) and kaempferol ( 4), 6 was tested in the transient luciferase reporter assay and was found to have different luciferase inducing activity characteristics from the other compounds. These results suggest that 6 stimulated cancer cell proliferation by a different mechanism from 1 and 4.
Design optimization of an integrated liquid-cooled IGBT power module using CFD technique (2000)

This paper presents a novel approach to optimize pin array design of an integrated, liquid-cooled, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power module. With the aid of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, the fluid field and heat transfer inside the module were analyzed, and several design options on pin arrays were examined. For IGBT die circuitry, the uniformity of temperature distribution among dies is as critical as the magnitude of the die temperature. A noticeable variation in temperature among dies can accelerate the thermal runaway and reduce the reliability of the devices. With geometrically-optimized-pin designs located both upstream and downstream of the channel, a total power dissipation of 1200 W was achieved. The maximum junction temperature was maintained at 100/spl deg/C and the maximum variation among dies was controlled within 1/spl deg/C. The results from this study indicated that the device junction temperatures were not only reduced in magnitude but were equalized as well. In addition, the maximum power dissipation of the module was enhanced. Comparison with other direct- (pool boiling) and indirect- (cold plate) liquid cooling techniques was also discussed.
Region of Interest Image Coding for Digital Mammography (2005)

In this paper, we investigate region-based wavelet compression methods and describe a region-based coder based on the Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) algorithm, called unbalanced spatial orientation trees (UBT), applied to digital mammograms. We compare this method against the region-based extension of SPIHT (ROI-SPIHT), and the ROI coding unit of JPEG2000 (JP2K) algorithm on five digital mammograms compressed at rates ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 bits per pixel (bpp). We show that UBT is competitive in PSNR with the other two region-based coding methods, also providing a more general multiregion multiquality coding framework rather than ROI/non-ROI coding. Unlike ROI-SPIHT, UBT allows encoding of diagnostically significant regions with best possible fidelity while allocating less number of bits to remaining regions.
An integrated in vitro model of perfused tumor and cardiac tissue (2013)

Cancer and cardiovascular disease remain the two leading causes of death in the United States. Progress in treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality will include the development of new drugs. Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell technology, tissue engineering, and microfabrication techniques have created a unique opportunity to develop three-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems that more accurately reflect in vivo human biology when compared with two-dimensional flat systems or animal models. Our group is working to develop 3D microphysiological systems using induced pluripotent stem cell technology that simulates the microcirculation, the cardiac muscle, and the solid tumor, and then to combine these systems into an integrated microphysiological system that simulates perfused cardiac muscle and solid tumor on a single platform. The platform will be initially validated to predict anti-cancer efficacy while minimizing cardiac muscle toxicity. A critical feature will be blood flow through a human microcirculation (capillaries and larger microvessels), which is necessary to overcome diffusion limitations of nutrients and waste products in realistic 3D cultures, and serves to integrate multiple organ systems. This is a necessary and critical feature of any platform that seeks to simulate integrated human organ systems. The results of our project should produce a new paradigm for efficient and accurate drug and toxicity screening, initially for anti-cancer drugs with minimal cardiac side effects, and a platform technology that can be eventually used to integrate multiple major organ systems of the human body.
R & D for accelerator magnets with react and wind high temperature superconductors (2002)

High temperature superconductors (HTS) have the potential to change the design and operation of future particle accelerators beginning with the design of high performance interaction regions. HTS offers two distinct advantages over conventional low temperature superconductors (LTS)-they retain a large fraction of their current carrying capacity (a) at high fields and (b) at elevated temperatures. The Superconducting Magnet Division at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has embarked on a new R & D program for developing technology needed for building accelerator magnets with HTS. We have adopted a "React and Wind" approach to deal with the challenges associated with the demanding requirements of the reaction process. We have developed several "conductor friendly" designs to deal with the challenges associated with the brittle nature of HTS. We have instituted a rapid turn around program to understand and to develop this new technology in an experimental fashion. Several R & D coils and magnets with HTS tapes and "Rutherford" cables have been built and tested. We have recently performed field quality measurements to investigate issues related to the persistent currents. In this paper, we report the results to date and plans and possibilities for the future.
Expression and Characterization of Recombinant Caveolin (1996)

Caveolin, a 22-24-kDa integral membrane protein, is a principal component of caveolar membranes in vivo. Caveolin has been proposed to function as a scaffolding protein to organize and concentrate signaling molecules within caveolae. Because of its unusual membrane topology, both the N- and C-terminal domains of caveolin remain entirely cytoplasmic and are not subject to luminal modifications that are accessible to other integral membrane proteins. Under certain conditions, caveolin also exists in a soluble form as a cytosolic protein in vivo. These properties make caveolin an attractive candidate for recombinant expression in Escherichia coli. Here, we successfully expressed recombinant full-length caveolin in E.coli. A polyhistidine tag was placed at its extreme C terminus for purification by Ni(2+)-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. Specific antibody probes demonstrated that recombinant caveolin contained a complete N and C terminus. Recombinant caveolin remained soluble in solutions containing the detergent octyl glucoside and formed high molecular mass oligomers like endogenous caveolin. By electron microscopy, recombinant caveolin homo-oligomers appeared as individual spherical particles that were indistinguishable from endogenous caveolin homo-oligomers visualized by the same technique. As recombinant caveolin behaved as expected for endogenous caveolin, this provides an indication that recombinant caveolin can be used to dissect the structural and functional interaction of caveolin with other protein and lipid molecules in vitro. Recombinant caveolin was efficiently incorporated into lipid membranes as assessed by floatation in sucrose density gradients. This allowed us to use defined lipid components to assess the possible requirements for insertion of caveolin into membranes. Using a purified synthetic form of phosphatidylcholine (1,2-dioleoylphosphorylcholine), we observed that incorporation of caveolin into membranes was cholesterol-dependent; the addition of cholesterol dramatically increased the incorporation of caveolin into these phosphatidylcholine-based membranes by approximately 25-30-fold. This fits well with in vivo studies demonstrating that cholesterol plays an essential role in maintaining the structure and function of caveolae. Further functional analysis of these reconstituted caveolin-containing membranes showed that they were capable of recruiting a soluble recombinant form of G(i)2 alpha. This is in accordance with previous studies demonstrating that caveolin specifically interacts directly with multiple G protein alpha-subunits. Thus, recombinant caveolin incorporated into defined lipid membranes provides an experimental system in which the structure, function, and biogenesis of caveolin-rich membrane domains can be dissected in vitro.
Process-Induced Variability of ${\rm Nb/Al}/{\rm AlO}_{\rm x}/{\rm Nb}$ Junctions in Superconductor Integrated Circuits and Protection Against It (2009)

It is shown that the critical current density, j <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> of Nb/AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /Nb Josephson junctions in multilayered structures such as superconductor integrated circuits depends on the junction environment and on which wiring layers make contacts to the junction electrodes, and at which stage of the fabrication process. In particular, it is shown that contact holes between the junction base electrode layer and Nb ground plane layer in proximity to the junctions increase their j <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> and degrade the junction quality. This effect alone may induce enough variation in the properties of Josephson junctions in superconductor integrated circuits to significantly reduce margin of operation and yield of complex circuits. Numerous test structures have been designed, fabricated at various technological regimes, and exhaustively tested in order to investigate various phenomena leading to damage of tunnel barrier or local variation of j <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> in Nb/Al/AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /Nb junctions. The results indicate that layer-dependent and local environment effects on j <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> are mainly due to electromigration and interlayer diffusion of impurity (hydrogen) atoms around contacts between different layers and changes in hydrogen concentration brought about by wafer processing. Based on the gained insight into the materials science of the phenomenon, methods for minimization and prevention of process-induced changes to Nb/Al/AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /Nb tunnel junctions have been developed.
The mec-3 gene contains cis-acting elements mediating positive and negative regulation in cells produced by asymmetric cell division in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1991)

The homeo box-containing genes mec-3 and unc-86 are necessary to specify the fate of a defined set of mechanoreceptors in Caenorhabditis elegans. Previous experiments have shown that mec-3 expression can be divided into two phases: initial synthesis mediated in part by unc-86, and continued synthesis that requires mec-3 itself. We now identify sequences that have been conserved during Caenorhabditis evolution and are necessary for establishment, maintenance, and repression of mec-3 expression. Upstream of the start codon for the mec-3-coding sequence are four segments (regions I-IV) of 71, 29, 28, and 24 bp, which are almost identical between C. elegans and Caenorhabditis vulgarensis. Region I is the only conserved sequence that effects establishment of mec-3 synthesis. Maintenance of mec-3 expression is mediated primarily by region II. Repression appears to be controlled by several segments: Mutation of region III, region IV, and parts of region I in a mec-3--lacZ fusion results in//-galactosidase expression in some non-mec-3-expressing sisters of mec-3-positive cells. These results indicate that the mec-3 5' region contains target sequences that mediate a genetic switch between alternative fates expressed by sister cells in a stereotyped cell lineage.
Confinement hinders motility by inducing RhoA-mediated nuclear influx, volume expansion, and blebbing (2019)

Cells migrate in vivo through complex confining microenvironments, which induce significant nuclear deformation that may lead to nuclear blebbing and nuclear envelope rupture. While actomyosin contractility has been implicated in regulating nuclear envelope integrity, the exact mechanism remains unknown. Here, we argue that confinement-induced activation of RhoA/myosin-II contractility, coupled with LINC complex-dependent nuclear anchoring at the cell posterior, locally increases cytoplasmic pressure and promotes passive influx of cytoplasmic constituents into the nucleus without altering nuclear efflux. Elevated nuclear influx is accompanied by nuclear volume expansion, blebbing, and rupture, ultimately resulting in reduced cell motility. Moreover, inhibition of nuclear efflux is sufficient to increase nuclear volume and blebbing on two-dimensional surfaces, and acts synergistically with RhoA/myosin-II contractility to further augment blebbing in confinement. Cumulatively, confinement regulates nuclear size, nuclear integrity, and cell motility by perturbing nuclear flux homeostasis via a RhoA-dependent pathway.
FaceLiveNet+: A Holistic Networks For Face Authentication Based On Dynamic Multi-task Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

This paper proposes a holistic multi-task Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with the dynamic weights of the tasks,namely FaceLiveNet+, for face authentication. FaceLiveNet+ can employ face verification and facial expression recognition as a solution of liveness control simultaneously. Comparing to the single-task learning, the proposed multi-task learning can better capture the feature representation for all of the tasks. The experimental results show the superiority of the multi-task learning to the single-task learning for both the face verification task and facial expression recognition task. Rather using a conventional multi-task learning with fixed weights for the tasks, this work proposes a so called dynamic-weight-unit to automatically learn the weights of the tasks. The experiments have shown the effectiveness of the dynamic weights for training the networks. Finally, the holistic evaluation for face authentication based on the proposed protocol has shown the feasibility to apply the FaceLiveNet+ for face authentication.