gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulatory effects following subchronic stimulation of brain 5-HT7-R system in mice and rats (2014)

The serotonin receptor 7 (5-HT7-R) plays important functional roles in learning and memory, in regulation of mood and circadian rhythmicity. LP-211 is a new selective agonist, belonging to 1-arylpiperazine category. We report studies aimed to evaluate the modulatory effect of a subchronic regimen on behavioral/molecular parameters. At low dose [0.25 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)], LP-211 induced a 6-h anticipated wake up in adult mice (with no temporal landmark by constant light), acting as nonphotic stimulus for 'internal clock' resetting. In standard 12:12-h light/dark cycle, a subchronic effect (5-6 days at 0.25 mg/kg, once per day) was observed: delayed wake up, reduced peak of locomotor activity and no evidence for brain cellular proliferation after ex vivo analysis. Other studies in rats were aimed to investigate long-term effects of developmental LP-211 administration into adulthood. Subchronic LP-211 (0.125 mg/kg i.p. once per day during the prepuberal phase) reduced l-glutamate, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 and dopamine transporter within the ventral striatum. With LP-211 (0.25 mg/kg i.p. once per day during the postpuberal phase), clear reductions were observed in the immunoreactivity of serotonin transporter and dopaminergic D2 receptors in the ventral and dorsal striatum, respectively. Subchronic LP-211 in rats and mice appears to be a suitable tool for studying the role of 5-HT7-R in sleep disorders, emotional/motivational regulations, attentive processes and executive functions.
Romantic Influences on Melville`s View of Authorship and Audience: A Reading of "Hawthorne and His Mosses" (2006)

In Hawthorne and His Mosses, Melville professes his elite notion of authorship and readership that he began to build in 1848 while writing Mardi, his third novel. In this essay, which defends Hawthorne`s unrecognized masculine genius in The Mosses from an Old Manse with broad comparisons to Shakespeare`s in his tragedies, Melville shows a continued deep interest in three key issues that had occupied his thinking since the shift in his plans for Mardi; genius, audience, and the ideal reader. In this paper, I argue that Melville`s ideas on these three key issues, which are further developed and represented in his immediately following important works like Moby-Dick (1851) and Pierre (1852), are influenced most significantly by European Romanticism. And thus I attempt to discuss various aspects of its influences on Melville`s article, drawing on materials dealing with Romantic notion of authorship, readership and gender, and literary marketplace. Then I also point out that Melville`s gendered use of language in his discussion of authorship and audience is problematic because Melville opposes masculine qualities to feminine qualities and then privileges masculine qualities of Romantic notion of `genius` over feminine qualities.
Four years of meteor spectra patrol (1974)

The development of the NASA-Langley Research Center meteor spectra patrol is described in general terms. The recording of very faint meteors was made possible by three great strides in optical and photographic technology in the 1960's: (1) the availability of optical-grade fused silica at modest cost, (2) the development of large transmission gratings with high blaze efficiency, and (3) the development of a method for avoiding plate fogging due to background skylight, which consisted of using a photoelectric meteor detector which actuates the spectrograph shutter when a meteor occurs in the field. The classification scheme for meteor spectra developed by Peter M. Millman is described.
Long-term retinal transgene expression with FIV versus adenoviral vectors. (2004)

Both FIV and Ad vectors result in long-term transgene expression in RPE after subretinal injection. FIV vectors show more promise than Ad as delivery systems for retinal diseases since they transduce greater areas of RPE, result in less cellular infiltrate, and cause less disruption of retinal architecture. The persistent expression at 16 months of follow-up suggests that these lentiviral vectors are useful for gene therapy of chronic retinal diseases.
Drug development assay approaches, including molecular imprinting and biomarkers (1998)

Molecular imprinting and other sample-treatment approaches analyte case histories strategies focused on analyte distinction approaches to benefit QA or throughput assay of biomarkers.
Valence band structure and band alignment at the ZrO2/Si interface (2004)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with first-principles simulations are used to determine the band alignments of ZrO2 thin films on silicon. Theoretical band offsets were calculated by simulating the ZrO2/Si interface by means of plane-wave pseudopotential calculations. Experimental band offsets were determined by measuring the core-level to valence-band maximum binding energy differences. Excellent agreement was obtained between the theoretical (3.5–3.9 eV) and experimental (3.65 eV) valence band offsets. Both theoretical and experimental analyses predict the conduction band offset to be ∼0.6–1.0 eV which indicates the intrinsic limitation of ZrO2 to be considered as a viable alternative gate dielectric.
Preparation and Some Properties of Cobalt(III) Complex with <scp>d</scp>- and/or <scp>l</scp>-Selenomethioninates (1987)

Abstract A novel cobalt(III) complex with d- and/or l-selenomethioninates (d- and/or l-semet) functioning as terdentate-N,O,Se ligand was prepared and separated into the five geometrical isomers, trans(N), trans(O), trans(Se), cis,cis,cis, and trans,trans,trans. Of these isomers trans(N)- and trans(O)-[Co(d- or l-semet)2]+ and cis,cis,cis-[Co(d-semet)(l-semet)]+, which were obtained as the crystalline state, were optically resolved by the column chromatographic method. All the isomers were characterized by the electronic absorption, 1H NMR, and CD spectra. The trans(N), trans(O), and cis,cis,cis isomers in the crystalline state take the selective configurations with respect to the absolute configuration, R(Se) or S(Se), of the two coordinated selenium atoms. While, these isomers in an aqueous solution are a mixture of some configurations in the equilibrium state. For the inversion on the asymmetric selenium donor atom of the trans(N) and cis,cis,cis isomers, the rate constants and the ΔG\eweq values are investigated on the basis of the absorption and 1H NMR spectral changes. The trans(N) and cis,cis,cis isomers showed the characteristic CD spectral behavior in the d–d absorption band region depending on the inversion on the asymmetric selenium donor atoms.
Iron‐Mediated Direct Arylation of Unactivated Arenes (2008)

Inexpensive and straightforward: An iron-mediated cross-coupling reaction generates biaryl compounds through CH bond activation, using easily handled reagents with low toxicity. Under the optimized reaction conditions a series of substituted phenylboronic acids were coupled with several simple unactivated arenes.
Path length distribution of multiple-scattered photons by low-coherence Doppler interferometry (2002)

We report results of measurements by low coherence Doppler interferometry of the path length distribution of photons undergoing multiple scattering in a highly turbid medium. We use a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with multimode graded index fibers and a superluminescent diode as light source. The path length distribution is obtained by recording the heterodyne fluctuations arising due to the Brownian motion of particles in an Intralipid suspension as a function of the optical path length. The experimental path length distribution is in good agreement with predictions of Monte Carlo simulations. In the heterodyne spectrum an increase of the mean Doppler frequency with the path length is observed. The path length resolution of the setup was directly evaluated by replacing the turbid medium with randomly moving scatterers by a mirror attached to a harmonically oscillating piezo-element. The maximum (peak-to-peak) mirror displacement was 10% of the optical wavelength. We observed a narrow and strong (signal/noise ratio ~300) interference peak with the full width at the half maximum ~50 microns equal to the coherence length of the superluminescent diode. However, additional weaker satellite peaks are also observed, which may be caused by the intermodal dispersion in our multimode fibers. We demonstrate that our setup allows achieving high path length resolution for biological tissues where the width of the path length distribution is several millimeters.
Recent progress in the understanding of exciton dynamics within phosphorescent OLEDs (2012)

Abstract Excited states of organic molecules (excitons) are the heart of any organic electroluminescent device. They mediate the conversion of injected charges – electrons and holes – into photons. Phosphorescent emission originating from triplet excitons is especially important, as it is to date the only general route to enable unity charge‐to‐photon conversion efficiencies. In this paper, we discuss the key aspects of excitons, following the excited state lifecycle. First, we review fundamentals of singlet and triplet exciton formation in organic semiconductors, followed by a discussion of concepts that aim to alter the singlet‐to‐triplet formation rates to enable higher electroluminescence yields in the fluorescence manifold. Subsequently, we focus on the exciton distribution within the organic semiconductor material during its lifetime. The processes involved ultimately determine organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) performance and are especially key in the development of concepts for white emission, where precise balance of the exciton between different emitter species control the emitted color. We close this paper with discussion of non‐linear effects at high excitation levels that, to date, limit the high brightness efficiency of phosphorescent OLEDs.
Immediate effect of visual and auditory feedback to control the running mechanics of well-trained athletes (2010)

The correlation between mechanical factors of running and running economy as measured by metabolic cost is a subject of much interest in the study of locomotion. However, no change in running technique has been shown to result in an immediate improvement in running economy on an intra-individual basis. To evaluate the effect of a modified running technique, it is probably necessary that the individual trains with the new technique for a longer period using a feedback system to control the new kinematics. In this study, we examine the feasibility of using visual and auditory feedback to adapt running technique according to a simplistic model of the mechanical cost of running. The model considers only the mechanical work against gravity, which is the product of the magnitude of the vertical displacement of the runner's centre of mass and the step-frequency. In the experiments reported here, 18 trained runners, running at 16 km · h(-1) on a treadmill, were given feedback on these parameters together with indicated target levels. In almost all cases, the runners were able to adjust their technique accordingly.
Selektive Reaktionen mit Organoaluminium-Reagentien (1985)

Neben ihrer hohen Affinität für Sauerstoff haben Organoaluminium-Verbindungen ambiphilen Charakter (elektrophil und nucleophil). Diese Eigenschaften wurden zur Entwicklung neuer Synthesemethoden mit einzigartigen Selektivitäten genutzt. Zu nennen sind hier insbesondere die durch Organoaluminium-Verbindungen induzierte Beckmann-Umlagerung von Oximsulfonaten, neue Synthesen von Polyamin-Makrocyclen durch reduktive Spaltung von Aminalen und Amidinen mit Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid, die diastereoselektive Spaltung chiraler Acetale durch Organoaluminium-Verbindungen unter Bildung von optisch aktiven sekundären Alkoholen, Allylalkoholen und β-substituierten Carbonylverbindungen sowie biogeneseähnliche Terpensynthesen. an diesen und weiteren für die Organoaluminium-Chemie charakteristischen Beispielen werden die Vorteile derartiger Reagentien erläutert.
Etude la dynamique des parois de domaine magnétique en présence d'un fort couplage spin-orbite: amortissement chiral et origami magnétique (2015)

Magnetic domain wall (DW) dynamics is currently attracting tremendous interest both from a fundamental point of view as well as in relation with emerging magnetic memory and logic devices. New DW-based devices were recently proposed, for example to replace hard drive disks with higher density and faster date transfer. Moreover, in Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM), identified as one of the most promising candidate for DRAM and SRAM replacement, switching occurs through DW propagation. Control of current induced DW dynamics has long been a challenge mainly due to material imperfections. Only some years ago, fast and controllable motions were reported in multilayers presenting structural inversion asymmetry (SIA). More recently, a mechanism was proposed based on the presence of spin orbit torques and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), both phenomena originating from the spin orbit interaction and needing (SIA).My initial objective was to test this model in two systems presenting different SIA. In Pt/Co/Pt multilayers with weak SIA, I studied both current and field induced DW motion and evidenced a chiral damping. This new phenomena, counterpart of the DMI for the dissipative aspects, influences both current and field induced dynamics and has to be taken into account for a complete picture of the mechanism. In Pt/Co/AlOx multilayers with strong SIA, I studied new geometries where the DW motion the and current flow are not collinear. I evidenced asymmetric DW motion as a function of this non-collinearity that cannot be explained with a simple SOT+DMI model. Based on these experimental results I introduce a new device concept named “magnetic origami”: the shape of the device governs the switching mechanism. This concept provides large flexibility to construct fast, low power non-volatile magnetic memory: different functionalities can be achieved on a wafer by simply mastering the shape of the different elements. I show the proof of concept of two such devices.
Range ambiguity resolution technique applying pulse-position modulation in time-of-flight scanning lidar applications (2014)

Time-of-flight (ToF) range measurements rely on the unambiguous association of each received echo signal to its causative emitted pulse signal. This definite association is difficult when measuring long ranges at a high repetition rate, resulting in ambiguous range measurements. While methods and algorithms exist to overcome this fundamental problem of ToF measurement techniques like radar these may not be directly applied to lidar without adaptations. Especially, in airborne laser scanning, up to now it was a requirement to strictly avoid range ambiguities during data acquisition. We present a new method for resolving range ambiguities fully automatically in scanning lidar, enabling measurements exceeding the maximum unambiguous measurement range by far. As a theoretical foundation of our approach, we introduce a specific model of the lidar transmission path (i.e., emitter–target–receiver) accounting for the time-variability of consecutive measurements. Based on this model, we discuss the influence of intentional variation of the intervals between pulse emissions on the intervals of successively received echoes and delineate an algorithm for automated, definitive association of pulse emissions and their resulting echoes. Simulation results indicate a probability of incorrect associations of <10 −5 , which we positively proved by applying this technique to real-world scan data.
Process control of injection molding (1983)

Abstract This paper discusses the most important input parameters affecting the conventional injection‐molding process and describes a closed‐loop control system for determining the interaction between ten process inputs and three output parameters. The input parameters are: back pressure, holding pressure, injection time, open mold time, shot size, clamping pressure, injection pressure, screw speed, and boost cut‐off. The output parameters studied are: part weight, maximum cavity pressure, and maximum mold deflection.
The technology of improving the optical property for the zirconia dental ceramic (2010)

All-ceramic restorations have become a trend in the development of dentistry for their excellent biocompatibility and superior optical properties. Adequate translucency plays an important role in optimal esthetics of the all-ceramic restorations. However, zirconia-containing core materials which have been proved to possess the excellent mechanical property may not be suitable for esthetics requirement because of the poor translucency. In our experiments, it has been proposed that the translucency of zirconia core materials can be improved by the control of the primary particle size and the sintering protocol to obtain the nearly full densification. The results of our study have showed that yttrium stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) core materials from the primary nanoparticles can obtain the nearly theoretical density and higher transmittance according to the optimized sintering protocol.
Vehicle-Classification Algorithm for Single-Loop Detectors Using Neural Networks (2006)

Vehicle class is an important parameter in the process of road-traffic measurement. Currently, inductive-loop detectors (ILD) and image sensors are rarely used for vehicle classification because of their low accuracy. To improve the accuracy, the authors suggest a new algorithm for ILD using back-propagation neural networks. In the developed algorithm, the inputs to the neural networks are the variation rate of frequency and frequency waveform. The output is five classified vehicles. The developed algorithm was assessed at test sites, and the recognition rate was 91.5%. The results verified that the proposed algorithm improves the vehicle-classification accuracy compared to the conventional method based on ILD
A 143-360 Mb/s auto-rate selecting data-retimer chip for serial-digital video signals (2002)

Current serial digital video retimers have two limitations: (1) manufacturers are required to incorporate PCB adjustments for center frequency at each rate, and (2) auto rate selection (ARS) uses complex circuitry unnecessary for purely signal-routing applications. This circuitry, which relies on the successful detection of a de-scrambled 30 b word, operates at the clock rate and increases power dissipation. The retimer described here addresses these problems by (1) wafer trim to eliminate PCB tweaks, and (2) a simplified implementation of ARS.
Document Semantic Annotation for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: A Concept Mapping Approach (2007)

The difficulty of domain knowledge acquisition is one of the most sensible challenges of intelligent tutoring systems. Relying on domain experts and building domain models from scratch are not viable solutions. The ability to automatically extract domain knowledge from documents can contribute to overcome these difficulties. In this paper, we use machine learning and natural language processing to parse documents and to generate domain concept maps and ontologies. We also show how an intelligent tutoring system benefits from the generated structures. 1.
Agents for the Treatment of Overactive Detrusor. VII. Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of 2,3- and 3,4-Diphenylcyclopentylamines, 2,3-Diphenyl-2-cyclopentenylamines, and Related Compounds. (1994)

As part of our search for new agents for the treatment of overactive detrusor, 2,3- and 3,4-diphenylcyclopentylamines (3), 2,3-diphenyl-2-cyclopentenylamines (4), and related compounds (5 and 18) were synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity (i.v.) against urinary bladder rhythmic contraction in rats. Among them, some compounds involving N-tert-butyl-2,3-diphenyl-2-cyclopentenylamine (4b) exhibited inhibitory activity against bladder contraction superior to that of terodiline (2). Mydriatic activity (i.v.) of compound 4b in rats, an index of its side effects due to antimuscarinic activity, was found to be relatively weak in comparison with its inhibitory activity against bladder contraction. The pharmacological profile of 4b was examined in comparison with that of terodiline. Most of the objective amines (3, 4, 5) were synthesized by preparation of Schiff bases from the corresponding cyclic ketones (6, 7, 8) and amines in the presence of TiCl4 in CH2Cl2 and subsequent reduction with NaBH4 in the presence of MeOH in one pot (method A).
Positive Holes and their Role during the Build-up of Stress prior to the Chi-Chi Earthquake (2004)

Before the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake strong, pulsed magnetic field anomalies were recorded at the Liyutan and Tsengwen stations of the Taiwan magnetometer network, reaching peak intensities of 200 nT. To produce such large local magnetic field variations ground currents in the order of 10 6 Amp are required. We report on uniaxial rock deformation experiments on (quartz-bearing) granite and (quartz-free) anorthosite to study stress-induced changes in electrical conductivity. Already before loading the rocks exhibit a weak electronic conductivity, which is p-type due to the presence of positive hole charge carriers (p-holes). Upon application of stress the conductivity increases, due to the activation of more p-holes. However, the conductivity increases not only in the stressed rock volume but also in the surrounding rock. This suggests that p-holes flow out from stressed rocks, the “source volume”, into the surrounding unstressed rocks. We show that, when rocks are subjected to stress, they release p-hole charge carriers like a battery. If we scale up the small rock volume subjected to stress during our “battery” experiment to the much larger rock volume assumed to be subjected to high levels of stress before the Chi-Chi event, 100 x 50 x 10 km 3 , p-holes activated in that volume would produce 10 8 Amp. A conceptual model describes the p-hole outflow from the “source volume” coupled to an influx of H + from H 2 O assumed to be available along the Chelungpu fault.
Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Extensions for the evolving G.709 Optical Transport Networks Control (2011)

Recent progress in ITU-T Recommendation G.709 standardization has
introduced new ODU containers (ODU0, ODU4, ODU2e and ODUflex) and
enhanced Optical Transport Networking (OTN) flexibility. Several
recent documents have proposed ways to modify GMPLS signaling
protocols to support these new OTN features. It is important that a
single solution is developed for use in GMPLS signaling and routing
protocols. This solution must support ODUk multiplexing capabilities,
address all of the new features, be acceptable to all equipment
vendors, and be extensible considering continued OTN evolution. This
document describes the extensions to the Generalized Multi- Protocol
Label Switching (GMPLS) signaling to control the evolving Optical
Transport Networks (OTN) addressing ODUk multiplexing and new features
including ODU0, ODU4, ODU2e and ODUflex.