gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contamination during production of heater-cooler units by Mycobacterium chimaera potential cause for invasive cardiovascular infections: results of an outbreak investigation in Germany, April 2015 to February 2016 (2016)

Invasive infections with Mycobacterium chimaera were reported in patients with previous open chest surgery and exposure to contaminated heater-cooler units (HCUs). We present results of the surveillance of clinical cases and of contaminated HCUs as well as environmental investigations in Germany up until February 2016. Clinical infections occurred in five male German cases over 50 years of age (range 53-80). Cases had been exposed to HCUs from one single manufacturer during open chest surgery up to five years prior to onset of symptoms. During environmental investigations, M. chimaera was detected in samples from used HCUs from three different countries and samples from new HCUs as well as in the environment at the manufacturing site of one manufacturer in Germany. Our investigation suggests that at least some of the M. chimaera infections may have been caused by contamination of HCUs at manufacturing site. We recommend that until sustainable measures for safe use of HCUs in operation theatres are implemented, users continue to adhere to instructions for use of HCUs and Field Safety Notices issued by the manufacturer, implement local monitoring for bacterial contamination and continuously check the websites of national and European authorities for current recommendations for the safe operation of HCUs.
Thermochemistry of the rare earth carbides, nitrides, and sulfides for steelmaking (1971)

Standard heats and free energies of formation were calculated at 298 and 400 to 2500$sup 0$K for LaC$sub 2$, CeC$sub 2$, PrC$sub 2$, NdC$sub 2$, SmC$sub 2$, GdC$sub 2$, several R$sub 2$C$sub 3$ compounds, LaN, CeN, YN, LaS, CeS, PrS, GdS, YS, and several R$sub 3$S$sub 4$ and R$sub 2$S$sub 3$ compounds. For comparison, the free energies of formation of these compounds were plotted over 77 to 5000$sup 0$F with these of non-rare earth compounds. 65 references, 17 tables (DLC)
A Note on the Uniqueness of Solutions for Dynamically Loaded Rigid-Plastic and Rigid-Viscoplastic Continua (1966)

Technical Briefs A Note on the Uniqueness of Solutions for Dynamically Loaded Rigid-Plastic and Rigid-Viscoplastic Continua J. B. Martin J. B. Martin Brown University, Providence, R. I. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information J. B. Martin Brown University, Providence, R. I. J. Appl. Mech. Mar 1966, 33(1): 207-209 (3 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3624988 Published Online: March 1, 1966 Article history Received: October 18, 1964 Revised: September 27, 1965 Online: September 15, 2011
Analysis of underivatized amino acids by capillary electrophoresis using constant potential amperometric detection (1995)

A mixture of native (underivatized) amino acids is separated by capillary electrophoresis under alkaline conditions (pH approximately 12) and amperometrically detected with a copper-disk microelectrode. A simple design facilitates capillary-electrode alignment without the need for micropositioning equipment. The limits of detection for the amino acids are in the low microM concentration range, and the signal response is linear over 2-3 orders of magnitude. This procedure is applied to analyze the amino acid hydrolysis products from cytochrome c.
Development of high energy nickel-metal hydride cell (2002)

High energy nickel-metal hydride cell (71 Wh/kg and 230 Wh/l) has been developed by combining two kinds of electrodes: a pasted nickel hydroxide positive electrode using high density nickel hydroxide powder, and Zn(OH)/sub 2/ additive (2.8% weight), and a metal hydride negative electrode using a Zr(V/sub 0.1/Mn/sub 0.3/Co/sub 0.05/Ni/sub 0.55/)/sub 2.05/ alloy annealed at 950/spl deg/C for 12 hours and surface treated with an ultrasound solution.
Self-Contained and Self-Powered Condensation System for Reclamation of Water from Lunar Regolith Processing (2010)

A self-contained and self-powered subsystem for reclaiming water from the byproducts of carbothermal processing of lunar regolith is described. Gas dynamic expansion processes, facilitated by the availability of low temperatures and pressures specific to the lunar environment, are employed to condense and reclaim water vapor. The space-ready system requirements of small size, low mass, reliability, and minimal power demand are all addressed by the complete subsystem component technology discussed. The approach is applicable to other in situ lunar processing techniques, such as hydrogen reduction of Ilmenite. In addition, the approach is applicable to the general case of separation of other volatile lunar product gases arising from various extraction techniques.
Pericytes are involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (2015)

Our results show that pericytes are the first cells affected by Notch3 aggregation in CADASIL mice. Pericyte pathology causes opening of the BBB and microvascular dysfunction. Therefore, protecting pericytes may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular dementia.
Transplantation tolerance: don't forget about the B cells (2017)

Establishing a state of transplantation tolerance that leads to indefinite graft survival without the need for lifelong immunosuppression has been achieved successfully in limited numbers of transplant recipients in the clinic. These successes led to studies aimed at identifying potential biomarkers that diagnose allograft tolerance and identify the patients most amenable to drug minimization, and implicated an enriched B cell signature of tolerance. The emergence of a specialized subset of regulatory B cell (B<sub>regs</sub> ), that possess immune-modulatory function in inflammation and autoimmune disease, raised the possibility that B<sub>regs</sub> play critical roles in the promotion of transplantation tolerance and that B<sub>regs</sub> are the underlying explanation for the B cell signature of tolerance. However, B cells are best known to play a key role in humoral immunity, and excessive production of donor specific antibodies has clear deleterious effects in transplantation. Thus, for tolerance to be persistent, alloantibody responses must also be curtailed, either through the suppression of T cell help or the induction of B cell-intrinsic dysfunction. Recent findings indicate a unique subset of follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr) that can suppress B cell function and induce epigenetic modifications that result in sustained defects in B cell differentiation and function. In this review, we summarize studies in animals and humans that suggest roles for B<sub>regs</sub> and dysfunctional B cells in transplantation tolerance, and discuss how these insights may provide a roadmap for new approaches to diagnose, and new therapies to induce allograft tolerance.
On the Properties of Nanoporous SiO<sub>2</sub> Films for Single Layer Antireflection Coating (2019)

Single layer antireflection coatings (SLAR) consisting of nanoporous silica (NP SiO 2 ) films are developed by selective chemical etching of atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al 2 O 3 :SiO 2 composite films. The reflective index of the final NP SiO 2 film is finely adjusted from 1.132 to 1.400 at 600 nm wavelength by applying an appropriate ratio in the composite. To meet the requirements of the SLAR coatings from the deep UV (DUV) to the near IR (NIR) spectral range, the film thickness is controlled with nanometer precision by the ALD process. The SLAR are simultaneously applied on both sides of flat or highly curved substrates. Transmittance values above 99.4% are achieved even at a wavelength of 193 nm on fused silica substrates. Various characterization methods demonstrate the advantages of these SLAR with regard to impurities, optical losses, laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) properties, and surface super‐hydrophilicity. The absorption losses at 193 nm wavelength as determined by laser induced deflection measurements amount to approximately 200 ppm, and to approximately 2 ppm at a wavelength of 1064 nm, while the scattering losses are around 30 ppm at 532 nm wavelength for quarter‐wave layers. The LIDT values at 1064 nm are in the range of 93 J cm −2 being close to the values measured on the uncoated substrate.
Appendix: Radioautographic localization of labelled proteins after incubation of guinea-pig islets of Langerhans with [3H]tryptophan (1974)

An analysis was made by electron-microscopic radioautography of the distribution of silver grains over storage granules of A(2) and B cells after incubation of isolated guinea-pig islets of Langerhans for 17h in the presence of [(3)H]tryptophan. A significant concentration of labelled proteins was present in the A(2) cell, but not in the B-cell granules.
Lung Cancer and Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis: A Population-based Cohort Study (2000)

Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. However, it has recently become apparent that cigarette smoking may be a risk factor for cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis as well as for lung cancer, and so may confound the association between these conditions. We have therefore estimated the independent increase in lung cancer incidence in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis compared with the general population in a population-based cohort study involving 890 subjects with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and 5, 884 control subjects drawn from the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database. The incidence of lung cancer was markedly increased among patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (rate ratio [RR] 7.31, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 4.47 to 11.93, p < 0.001), and adjustment for previous smoking history had little effect on this odds ratio (adjusted RR: 8.25, 95% CI 4.70 to 11.48, p < 0.001). This increase in lung cancer incidence remained when the analysis was restricted to current smokers (RR 7.36, 95% CI 1.54 to 35.19, p = 0.012). This study provides clear evidence that the incidence of lung cancer is increased in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, and that this effect is independent of the effect of cigarette smoking.
Bumetanide—The Way to Its Chemical Structure (1981)

The steps in the evolution of sulfamoyl diuretics in current clinical use are outlined. The development was initiated by the chance observation of a clinical side effect of sulfanilamide, which became the first sulfamoyl group (-SO2NH2)-bearing compound used for diuretic treatment of patients. Ensuing chemical synthesis over the past three decades led to the development of three types of sulfamoyl diuretics:carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, thiazides, and the loop or high-ceiling saluretic agents represented by furosemide and bumetanide. The structural relationship of furosemide to sulfanilamide and the thiazide-type diuretics and, for bumetanide, the more specific structure for loop diuretic activity are discussed.
Certificates and trust in electronic commerce (1997)

Suggests that for electronic commerce to thrive among parties who have never met each other, trust must become a commodity item. Certification authorities (CAs) are the standard mechanism by which online entities can identify one another. The policies and practices followed by a CA are just as important as the basic security of the electronic commerce network. This recognition is now standard, and “trust models” are emerging wherein diverse online business partners can trust one another, through the mutual recognition of their respective CAs. Overviews security and trust in electronic commerce. Discusses the role of certificates, with particular reference to the Australian Public Key Authentication Framework. Presents a vision for electronic commerce, premissed on electronic trust as a commodity.
Manipulation, dissection, and lithography using modified tapping mode atomic force microscope (2006)

A modified tapping mode of the atomic force microscope (AFM) was introduced for manipulation, dissection, and lithography. By sufficiently decreasing the amplitude of AFM tip in the normal tapping mode and adjusting the setpoint, the tip-sample interaction can be efficiently controlled. This modified tapping mode has some characteristics of the AFM contact mode and can be used to manipulate nanoparticles, dissect biomolecules, and make lithographs on various surfaces. This method did not need any additional equipment and it can be applied to any AFM system.
Systematic of Alcohol-Induced Simple Coacervation in Aqueous Gelatin Solutions (2003)

Turbidity measurements performed at 450 nm were used to follow the process of simple coacervation when 1% (w/v) aqueous alkali processed gelatin (type-B) solutions were titrated with methanol, ethanol, propanol, and tert-butyl alcohol at various pHs of the solution ranging from pH = 5 to 8 and ionic strengths varying from I = 0.01 to 0.1 M NaCl. The titration profiles clearly established the transition points in terms of the percentage of volume of alcohol added relative to that of solvent corresponding to the first occurrence of turbidity (Vt) and a point of turbidity maximum (Vp). Addition of more alcohol drove the system toward precipitation. The values of Vt and Vp characterized the initiation of intramolecular folding and intermolecular aggregate formation of the charge neutralized gelatin molecules and the subsequent micro coacervate droplet formation. The state of intermolecular aggregates and that of folded gelatin molecules could be characterized by dynamic laser light scattering experiments, which implied spontaneous segregation of particle sizes preceding coacervation. The aggregates constitute the coacervate phase while the folded gelatin molecules mostly stay dispersed in the supernatant. The data taken together reveal the role played by solution entropy in addition to that of electrostatic and solute-solvent interactions, which had been overlooked hitherto.
A fast distributed shortest path algorithm for a class of hierarchically structured data networks (1989)

A distributed algorithm is presented which finds the shortest path from every node in the network to a given destination node. The network topology is assumed to be organizable into a generalized balanced-tree hierarchy (BH). The BH topology is introduced and characterized, and it is shown that most large interconnected data networks are of this type. It is also shown that the algorithm converges in an asynchronous environment. Therefore, some of the difficulties associated with synchronizing the order of events can be avoided in the actual implementation of the proposed algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Postexercise protein intake enhances whole-body and leg protein accretion in humans (2002)

These findings suggest that the availability of amino acids is more important than the availability of energy for postexercise repair and synthesis of muscle proteins.
Thermal characterization of reusable external insulation for the space shuttle. (1972)

Thermal protection systems utilizing reusable ceramic external insulations are under study for application to the orbiter vehicle of NASA's space shuttle system which is to be launched by an expendable booster, remain in orbit for a week or two, reenter the earth's atmosphere, and land like a conventional aircraft. The required reuse capability is for 100 missions. The thermal characterization of the reusable external insulation (REI) is described. Thermal conductivity measurements are described for a series of mullite-based REIs with densities ranging from 100 to 300 kg/cu m, including opacified variations of the mullite material designed for reduction of the radiant component of heat transport. The results of thermal conductivity measurements performed on guarded-hot-plate equipment from 150 to above 1200 K in different vacuum and gaseous environments are described. Measurements were also made with exceptionally large temperature differences to detect transparency effects in the unopacified REIs. These measurements were made to provide design data for the flight conditions, and to aid in theoretical computations aimed at separating and optimizing the heat transport components.
SambotII: A New Self-Assembly Modular Robot Platform Based on Sambot (2018)

A new self-assembly modular robot (SMR) SambotII is developed based on SambotI, which is a previously-built hybird type SMR that is capable of autonomous movement and self-assembly. As is known, SambotI only has limited abilities of environmental perception and target recognition, because its STM-32 processor cannot handle heavy work, like image processing and path planning. To improve the computing ability, an x86 dual-core CPU is applied and a hierarchical software architecture with five layers is designed. In addition, to enhance its perception abilities, a laser-camera unit and a LED-camera unit are employed to obtain the distance and angle information, respectively, and the color-changeable LED lights are used to identify different passive docking surfaces during the docking process. Finally, the performances of SambotII are verified by docking experiments.
Synthesis of a Fluorescent Analogue of Paclitaxel That Selectively Binds Microtubules and Sensitively Detects Efflux by P‐Glycoprotein (2017)

The anticancer drug paclitaxel (Taxol) exhibits paradoxical and poorly understood effects against slow-growing tumors. To investigate its biological activity, fluorophores such as Oregon Green have been linked to this drug. However, this modification increases its polarity by approximately 1000-fold and reduces the toxicity of Taxol towards cancer cell lines by over 200-fold. To construct more drug-like fluorescent probes suitable for imaging by confocal microscopy and analysis by flow cytometry, we synthesized derivatives of Taxol linked to the drug-like fluorophore Pacific Blue (PB). We found that PB-Gly-Taxol bound the target protein β-tubulin with both high affinity in vitro and high specificity in living cells, exhibited substantial cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells, and was a highly sensitive substrate of the multidrug resistance transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp).
Performance of Coherent Phase and Amplitude Digital Modulations with Carrier Recovery Noise (1987)

A model of decision feedback carrier recovery noise is presented as a function of the number of symbols over which the carrier is derived. For this model, quantitative results for performance degradation in BPSK, QPSK, 8-phase, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, and 64-QAM coherent demodulators are presented. When the carrier is derived from only the last symbol, these results reduce to the performance for differential detection. Carrier integration over 100 symbols is shown to be adequate to provide performance quite close to ideal for all the modulations considered.
Genomic Alterations of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Detected by Targeted Massive Parallel Sequencing in a <i> BRAF <sup>V600E</sup> </i> Mutation-Prevalent Area (2016)

This comprehensive analysis of ATCs using targeted massive parallel sequencing identified several novel mutations in ATCs, such as loss of function mutations of NF2 or KMT2D. Future studies are needed to confirm the role of these novel mutations as independent drivers of ATC development.
Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Sulfides Using a Novel Palladium Complex as the Catalyst Precursor (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Aerobic Oxidation of Sulfides Using a Novel Palladium Complex as the Catalyst PrecursorRaluca Aldea and Howard AlperCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 26, 8365–8366Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00131a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00131a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views478Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Autonomous Self‐Healing of Epoxy Thermosets with Thiol‐Isocyanate Chemistry (2014)

Thiol‐isocyanate chemistry, combined with a dual capsule strategy, is used for the development of extrinsic self‐healing epoxy materials. It is shown that the amine groups present in the matrix both serve as a catalyst for the addition reaction between a thiol and an isocyanate and as a way to covalently link the healed network structure to the surrounding resin. The tapered double cantilever beam (TDCB) geometry is used for evaluating the recovery of the fracture toughness at room temperature after different healing times. Using manual injection of the healing agents into the crack, a healing efficiency up to 130% is obtained for the EPIKOTE 828/DETA epoxy material. On the other hand, when two types of microcapsules, one containing a tetrathiol reagent and the other a low toxic isocyanate reagent, are incorporated into this epoxy thermoset (20 wt%), a recovery of more than 50% is reached. The influence of parameters such as the amount and core content of the microcapsules on the healing efficiency is investigated. Furthermore, the thiol‐isocyanate chemistry is also tested for an industrial cold‐curing epoxy resin (RIM 135/RIMH 137).
An Occluded Stacked Hourglass Approach to Facial Landmark Localization and Occlusion Estimation (2017)

A key step to driver safety is to observe the driver's activities with the face being a key step in this process to extracting information such as head pose, blink rate, yawns, talking to passenger which can then help derive higher level information, such as distraction, drowsiness, intent, and where they are looking. In the context of driving safety, it is important for the system perform robust estimation under harsh lighting and occlusion but also be able to detect when the occlusion occurs so that information predicted from occluded parts of the face can be taken into account properly. This paper introduces the Occluded Stacked Hourglass, based on the work of original Stacked Hourglass network for body pose joint estimation, which is retrained to process a detected face window and output 68 occlusion heat maps, each corresponding to a facial landmark. Landmark location, occlusion levels and a refined face detection score, to reject false positives, are extracted from these heat maps. Using the facial landmark locations, features such as head pose and eye/mouth openness can be extracted to derive driver attention and activity. The system is evaluated for face detection, head pose, and occlusion estimation on various datasets in the wild, both quantitatively and qualitatively, and shows state-of-the-art results.