gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fast adaptive motion estimation algorithm (2006)

Motion estimation (ME) is a multistep process that involves not one, but a combination of techniques, such as motion starting point, motion search patterns, and adaptive control to curb the search, avoidance of search stationary regions, etc. The collective efficiency of these techniques is what makes a ME algorithm robust and efficient across the board. This paper proposes a ME algorithm that is an embodiment of several effective ideas for finding the most accurate motion vectors (MVs) with the aim to maximize the encoding speed as well as the visual quality. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of the correlation between MVs in both spatial and temporal domains, controls to curb the search, avoids of search stationary regions, and uses switchable shape search patterns to accelerate motion search. The algorithm yields very similar quality compared to the full search but with several hundred times faster speed. We have evaluated the algorithm through a comprehensive performance study that shows that the proposed algorithm achieves substantial speedup without quality loss for a wide range of video sequences, compared with the ME techniques recommended by the MPEG-4 committee.
Generic text processing (1990)

A generic natural language system, without modification, can effectively analyze an arbitrary input at least to the level of word sense tagging. Considerable research has addressed the <i>transportability</i> of natural language systems, but not <i>generic</i> text processing capabilities. For example, previous DARPA-sponsored work [1, 2] produced transportable interfaces to database systems. Each new application of these interfaces generally required modifications to lexicons, new semantic knowledge bases, and other specialized features. The most that natural language text processing systems have accomplished has been the parsing of arbitrary text, without any real semantic analysis.
The Physiological Effects of Dandelion ( <i>Taraxacum Officinale</i> ) in Type 2 Diabetes (2016)

The tremendous rise in the economic burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has prompted a search for alternative and less expensive medicines. Dandelion offers a compelling profile of bioactive components with potential anti-diabetic properties. The Taraxacum genus from the Asteraceae family is found in the temperate zone of the Northern hemisphere. It is available in several areas around the world. In many countries, it is used as food and in some countries as therapeutics for the control and treatment of T2D. The anti-diabetic properties of dandelion are attributed to bioactive chemical components; these include chicoric acid, taraxasterol (TS), chlorogenic acid, and sesquiterpene lactones. Studies have outlined the useful pharmacological profile of dandelion for the treatment of an array of diseases, although little attention has been paid to the effects of its bioactive components on T2D to date. This review recapitulates previous work on dandelion and its potential for the treatment and prevention of T2D, highlighting its anti-diabetic properties, the structures of its chemical components, and their potential mechanisms of action in T2D. Although initial research appears promising, data on the cellular impact of dandelion are limited, necessitating further work on clonal β-cell lines (INS-1E), α-cell lines, and human skeletal cell lines for better identification of the active components that could be of use in the control and treatment of T2D. In fact, extensive in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical research is required to investigate further the pharmacological, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms underlying the effects of dandelion-derived compounds on T2D.
A Split-and-Merge Technique for Automated Reconstruction of Roof Planes (2005)

Automated reconstruction of buildings from different data sources has been one of the most challenging problems in photogrammetry and computer vision. Systems for automated building reconstruction fail in many cases due to complexities involved in the data including image noise, occlusion, shadow, and low contrast, as well as, low accuracy or density of height data. In this paper, the problem of overgrown and undergrown regions in the segmentation of aerial images is discussed, and a split-and-merge technique is presented to overcome this problem by making use of height data. This technique is based on splitting image regions whose associated height points do not fall in a single plane, and merging coplanar neighboring regions. A robust plane-fitting method is used to fit planar surfaces to height points that are highly contaminated by gross errors. Final roof planes are extracted out of the image planar regions by checking their slope and height over a morphologically opened DSM. An experimental evaluation is conducted, and its results indicate the capability of the proposed technique in splitting overgrown regions, merging undergrown coplanar regions, and selecting the final roof planes. Also, the method is shown to be computationally efficient, and the reconstructed roof planes are of acceptable accuracy.
Advanced Building Simulation (2004)

Advances in computer technology over recent years now mean building simulation can be used in the design process and even in the construction and daily operation of most buildings. The techniques are sophisticated and require a good deal of expertise, so relatively few designers, builders and practitioners understand the full potential of the field even though simulation can inform design decisions, enable performance analysis and diagnostic studies. This book should provide these readers with an overview of building simulation and its current advancements, and a grasp of current limitations and future directions.To begin, the book introduces recent trends in building simulation and outlines its historic development. The book then takes the reader on a journey into three major areas of investigations: simulation with uncertainty, combined air and heat flow in whole buildings, in particular the applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to the built environment, and the introduction of new paradigms for the effective use of building simulation including issues of integration and potentially very significant ways for users to interact and to engage in immersed simulation.Leading experts in the field both in the US and Europe have written the chapters. The book provides a graduate-level student textbook as well as a guide to advanced methods for architects, engineers and other construction professionals.
Singular Vectors of a Linear Imaging System as Efficient Channels for the Bayesian Ideal Observer (2008)

The Bayesian ideal observer provides an absolute upper bound for diagnostic performance of an imaging system and hence should be used for the assessment of image quality whenever possible. However, computation of ideal-observer performance in clinical tasks is difficult since the probability density functions of the data required for this observer are often unknown in tasks involving realistic, complex backgrounds. Moreover, the high dimensionality of the integrals that need to be calculated for the observer makes the computation more difficult. The ideal observer constrained to a set of channels, which we call a channelized-ideal observer (CIO), can reduce the dimensionality of the problem. These channels are called efficient if the CIO can approximate ideal-observer performance. In this paper, we propose a method to choose efficient channels for the ideal observer based on a singular value decomposition of a linear imaging system. As a demonstration, we test our method on detection tasks using non-Gaussian lumpy backgrounds and signals of Gaussian and elliptical profiles. Our simulation results show that singular vectors associated with either the background or the signal are highly efficient for the ideal observer for detecting both types of signals. In addition, this CIO outperforms a channelized-Hotelling observer with the same channels.
High-performance Grating Coupled Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Al-Au Bimetallic Layer (2010)

A high-performance grating coupled surface plasmon resonance (GCSPR) sensor based on Al-Au bimetallic layer is proposed. High sensitivity is obtained by replacing the positive diffraction order with negative diffraction order of metallic grating to excite the surface plasmon. Compared with the conventional Au-based GCSPR sensor, the sensor with aluminum as the SPR active metal exhibits a sharper (i.e. larger depth-to-width ratio) reflectivity dip, which increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and enhances its resolution. In addition, an ultrathin gold film is deposited on the grating surface in order to protect the Al layer from getting oxidized. Numerical simulations show that the angular sensitivity of the sensor reaches 187.2°/RIU (degree per refractive index unit) with good linearity and the FWHM (full width at half maximum) of the resonant dip is only 0.93°.
One‐year maintenance outcomes among patients with moderately‐to‐severely active ulcerative colitis who responded to induction therapy with adalimumab: subgroup analyses from ULTRA 2 (2012)

Adalimumab treatment was associated with a positive benefit/risk balance in the overall population of patients with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis in ULTRA 2; early response was predictive of a positive outcome at 1 year (NCT00408629).
Population-Based Study on the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Orthostatic Hypotension in Subjects With Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes (2008)

Pre-diabetic subjects do not have a higher risk of orthostatic hypotension than subjects with NGT, although the risk of orthostatic hypotension is higher in diabetic subjects. Hypertension and supine blood pressure were risk factors for orthostatic hypotension in both pre-diabetic and diabetic subjects. Age and A1C were the correlates of orthostatic hypotension in pre-diabetic and diabetic subjects, respectively. The cardiovagal response to standing is an important determinant of orthostatic hypotension in subjects with NGT but not in pre-diabetic and diabetic subjects.
A New Method to Make 24-Hour Urine Collection More Convenient: A Validity Study (2014)

Background and Objectives. This study proposes a novel urine collection device that can divide each urine collection into 20 parts and store and cool just one part. The aim of the current study is to compare measured biomarkers from the proposed urine collection device to those of conventional 24-hour sampling method. We also hypothesized that the new method would significantly increase patients' adherence to the timed urine collection. Methods. Two 24-hour urine samples with the conventional method and with the new automated urine collection device that uses just one-twentieth of each void were obtained from 40 healthy volunteers. Urine parameters including volume, creatinine, and protein levels were compared between the two methods and the agreement of two measurements for each subject was reported through Bland-Altman plots. Results. Our results confirmed that for all three variables, there is a positive correlation (P < 0.001) between the two measurements and high degree of agreement could be seen in Bland-Altman plots. Moreover, more subjects reported the new method as "more convenient" for 24-hour urine collection. Conclusions. Our results clearly indicate that a fixed proportion of each void may significantly reduce the urine volume in timed collections and this, in turn, may increase subjects' adherence to this difficult sampling.
Standardized Percentile Curves of Body-Mass Index for Children and Adolescents (1991)

Weight-for-height indexes are often used in the clinical assessment of obesity in children and adolescents. The direct measurement of adiposity, using hydrostatic weighing and other techniques, is not feasible in studies involving young children or with large numbers of older subjects. Ratios of weight relative to height, such as the body-mass index (weight/height), may be used as indirect measures of obesity and correlate with more direct measures of adiposity. Using data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, 1971 to 1974, standardized percentile curves of body-mass index for white children and adolescents were developed. These curves may be used to monitor the body-mass index of white children and adolescents longitudinally and for comparing an individual with others of the same sex and age.
The stromal cell line S17 supports the growth of lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated CBA/N spleen cell colonies <i>in vitro</i> (1992)

The expression of an X-linked defect in the CBA/N strain of mice has been found to result in a number of immune abnormalities. These include low responsiveness to antigens and a greatly reduced ability to respond to many of the common B cell mitogens. An in vitro manifestation of this condition is the virtual inability of CBA/N B cells to form colonies in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-containing semisolid agar cultures. In this report we show evidence that the colony-forming ability of CBA/N spleen cells can be effectively restored by the bone marrow stromal-derived cell line S17. Spleen cells from 4-5-week-old homozygous CBA/N female mice were grown in double-layer agar cultures containing S17 feeder layers. Control cultures contained the fibroblast-like cell line 95.17 or were treated with medium alone. It was found that at an input cell concentration of 10(4) cells per plate, CBA/N colony formation was increased from a frequency of approximately 1 in 5,000 to 1 in 50 total splenic cells. Studies with purified surface immunoglobulin-positive cells indicate the direct involvement of S17 in this process. The CBA/N colonies formed were dependent on the presence of a mitogen (LPS) and secreted detectable amounts of IgM. Major implications of these findings and the application of this assay system to study the CBA/N defect have been discussed.
New Synonymy in the Army Ant Genus Aenictus Schuckard (1951)

This article has no abstract.
Detecting heap-spray attacks in drive-by downloads: Giving attackers a hand (2013)

In the anatomy of drive-by download attacks, one of the key steps is to place malicious code (shellcode) in the memory of the browser process in order to carry out a drive-by download attack. There are two common techniques to carry out this task: stack-based and heap-based injections. However, introduction of stack protection makes the stack-based injection harder to carry out successfully. The heap-based injections become common methods to deliver shellcode to the heap memory of the web browsers. This paper presents the role of heap-spray in drive-by download attacks. We propose a new detection mechanism which makes shellcode in heap-spray executed in order to detect drive-by download attack. The solution not only benefits detection of drive-by download attacks but also analysis of malware behavior.
Poroscopy: A method of personal identification revisited (2000)

Poroscopy, a little studied aspect of personal identification has been undertaken in the present work. Rolled and plain finger prints of one hundred individuals along with their palm prints were obtained to study shape, size, position, inter-spacing and number per unit area of pores etc. These findings were compared with the findings obtained from the latent prints of same number of individuals to see the practical feasibility of the poroscopy in personal identification. It is found that though the study of pores due to their microscopic nature is somewhat difficult as compared to the study of ridge characteristics, but the results achieved in the present study indicate that identification with the help of poroscopy is as reliable and accurate as ridge characteristics and can be compared with the results obtained through the study of ridge characteristics.
Large unselective pore in lipid bilayer membrane formed by positively charged peptides containing a sequence of gramicidin A (2005)

Ion-channel activity of a series of gramicidin A analogues carrying charged amino-acid sequences on the C-terminus of the peptide was studied on planar bilayer lipid membranes and liposomes. It was found that the analogue with the positively charged sequence GSGRRRRSQS forms classical cationic pores at low concentrations and large unselective pores at high concentrations. The peptide was predominantly in the right-handed beta(6.3)-helical conformation in liposomes as shown by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The single-channel conductance of the large pore was estimated to be 320pS in 100mM choline chloride as judged from the fluctuation analysis of the multi-channel current. The analogue with the negatively charged sequence GSGEEEESQS exhibited solely classical cationic channel activity. The ability of a peptide to form different type of channels can be used in the search for broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Total Synthesis of Tubulysins U and V (2007)

Meeting the challenge: A reliable and modular reaction sequence has been developed for the synthesis of the challenging tubulysin framework. This route allows preparation of hundreds of milligrams of the stereochemically pure tetrapeptides (see picture), which are produced in small amounts by two different species of myxobacteria. Thus, full biological evaluation of the tubulysins and their analogues is now a real possibility.
Continuous wave Erbium-doped fiber laser with output power of >100 W at 1550 nm in-band core-pumped by a 1480nm Raman fiber laser (2012)

A CW Erbium-doped fiber laser with >100W at 1554nm is demonstrated. The laser is core-pumped in-band by a Raman fiber laser with record power of >140W at 1480nm. The total conversion efficiency is ~75%.
Microwave‐Assisted Efficient Synthesis of Spiro‐Fused Heterocycles under Solvent‐Free Conditions. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Gavage of Fecal Samples From Patients With Colorectal Cancer Promotes Intestinal Carcinogenesis in Germ-Free and Conventional Mice (2017)

We fed stool samples from patients with CRC and heathy individuals to germ-free mice and conventional mice with azoxymethane. We found stool from patients with CRC to increase the numbers of polyps, levels of intestinal dysplasia and proliferation, markers of inflammation, and proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells in colon, compared with stool from individuals without CRC. This study provides evidence that the fecal microbiota from patients with CRC can promote tumorigenesis in germ-free mice and mice given a carcinogen.
Dual Kalman Filtering Methods for Nonlinear Prediction, Smoothing and Estimation (1996)

Prediction, estimation, and smoothing are fundamental to signal processing. To perform these interrelated tasks given noisy data, we form a time series model of the process that generates the data. Taking noise in the system explicitly into account, maximumlikelihood and Kalman frameworks are discussed which involve the dual process of estimating both the model parameters and the underlying state of the system. We review several established methods in the linear case, and propose several extensions utilizing dual Kalman filters (DKF) and forward-backward (FB) filters that are applicable to neural networks. Methods are compared on several simulations of noisy time series. We also include an example of nonlinear noise reduction in speech. 1 INTRODUCTION Consider the general autoregressive model of a noisy time series with both process and additive observation noise: x(k) = f(x(k \\Gamma 1); :::x(k \\Gamma M ); w) + v(k \\Gamma 1) (1) y(k) = x(k) + r(k); (2) where x(k) corresponds to the ...
Precision and robust CMOS voltage reference based on the work function difference of poly Si gate (2002)

Work Function Difference This paper presents a new precision and robust CMOS voltage reference consisting of two sets of pair transistors: One of the sets has negative temperature coefficient of their threshold voltage difference, while the other positive temperature coefficient. A main feature of the Voltage Reference is the use of pair transistors which ensures the accuracy of the reference circuit under process fluctuations. The measured results revealed without adjusting trimming that the voltage reference has (1)excellent reproducibility of the output voltage within 2%o, (2)low temperature coefficient of less than 80ppm/C and (3)low current consumption of 1.
Remainders: A World of Bargains (2006)

The remainders side of the trade now has its own annual event, the Overstock and Remainders Fair (OARF), which debuted as a roaring success. Publishers will know that if they do have overstocks, there is a legitimate, professional way to get rid of them and it could also limit the amount of remainders brought in from overseas.
Sensitivity of single-strand conformation polymorphism and heteroduplex method for mutation detection in the cystic fibrosis gene (1994)

The gene responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF) contains 27 coding exons and more than 300 independent mutations have been identified. An efficient and optimized strategy is required to identify additional mutations and/or to screen patient samples for the presence of known mutations. We have tested several different conditions for performing single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis in order to determine the efficiency of the method and to identify the optimum conditions for mutation detection. Each exon and corresponding exon boundaries were amplified. A panel of 134 known CF mutations were used to test the efficiency of detection of mutations. The SSCP conditions were varied by altering the percentage and cross-linking of the acrylamide, employing MDE (an acrylamide substitute), and by adding sucrose and glycerol. The presence of heteroduplexes could be detected on most gels and in some cases contributed to the ability to distinguish certain mutations. Each analysis condition detected 75-98% of the mutations, and all of the mutations could be detected by at least one condition. Therefore, an optimized SSCP analysis can be used to efficiently screen for mutations in a large gene.
The microprogramming of pipelined processors (1977)

A pipelined processor is one whose computational capabilities are divided into several sequential stages, each of which may be working with an independent set of data at the same instant of time. Such processors are capable of handling large streams of data at very high rates. As with conventional CPUs, the microprogrammed control of such processors offers advantages not possible with hardwired controls. This paper discusses some unique tradeoffs that may be made in the design of microprogrammed pipelines. A sample pipeline demonstrates the characteristics of two extremes of microprogrammed control—one where the microinstruction specifies all activity in the pipeline at one instant of time (time-stationary) and one where the microinstruction “follows” the data through several clock periods (data-stationary). Several typical microprograms show the effects of these two variations on hardware costs, microprogrammability, and pipeline efficiency.