gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Novel Receptor in Toad Retina with Dual Specificity for Insulin and Insulin‐Like Growth Factor I (1991)

The biochemical properties of insulin receptors from toad retinal membranes were examined in an effort to gain insight into the role this receptor plays in the retina. Competition binding assays revealed that toad retinal membranes contained binding sites that displayed an equal affinity for insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Affinity labeling of toad retinal membrane proteins with 125I-insulin resulted in the specific labeling of insulin receptor alpha-subunits of approximately 105 kDa. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of partially reduced (alpha beta-heterodimer) receptors affinity-labeled with 125I-insulin indicated the presence of a disulfide-linked beta-subunit of approximately 95 kDa. Endoglycosidase F digestion of the affinity-labeled alpha-subunits increased their mobility by reducing their apparent mass to approximately 83 kDa. This receptor was not detected by immunoblot analysis with a site-specific antipeptide antibody directed against residues 657-670 of the carboxy terminal of the human insulin receptor alpha-subunit, whereas this antibody did label insulin receptor alpha-subunits from pig, cow, rabbit, and chick retinas. In in vitro autophosphorylation assays insulin stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of toad retina insulin receptor beta-subunits. These data indicate that toad retinal insulin receptors have a heterotetrameric structure whose alpha-subunits are smaller than other previously reported neuronal insulin receptors. They further suggest that a single receptor may account for both the insulin and IGF-I binding activities associated with toad retinal membranes.
Monogenic Mitochondrial Disorders (2012)

Rare monogenic disorders of mitochondria have shed light on mitochondrial function, and the development of therapeutic agents for these disorders may be applicable to more common sporadic diseases characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction.
<title>Adaptive interpolation of images with application to interlaced-to-progressive conversion</title> (1993)

We propose a novel method for image interpolation which adapts to the local characteristics of the image in order to facilitate perfectly smooth edges. Features are classified into three categories (constant, oriented, and irregular). For each class we use a different zooming method that interpolates this feature in a visually optimized manner. Furthermore, we employ a nonlinear image enhancement which extracts perceptually important details from the original image and uses these in order to improve the visual impression of the zoomed images. Our results compare favorably to standard lowpass interpolation algorithms like bilinear, diamond- filter, or B-spline interpolation. Edges and details are much sharper and aliasing effects are eliminated. In the frequency domain we can clearly see that our adaptive algorithm not only suppresses the undesired spectral components that are folded down in the upsampling process. It is also capable of replacing them with new estimates, which accounts for the increased image sharpness. One application of this interpolation method is spatial interlaced-to- progressive conversion. Here, it yields again more pleasing images than comparable algorithms.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Burkholderia pseudomallei Capsular Polysaccharide Conjugates Provide Protection against Acute Melioidosis (2014)

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is a CDC tier 1 select agent that causes severe disease in both humans and animals. Diagnosis and treatment of melioidosis can be challenging, and in the absence of optimal chemotherapeutic intervention, acute disease is frequently fatal. Melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease for which there are currently no licensed vaccines. Due to the potential malicious use of B. pseudomallei as well as its impact on public health in regions where the disease is endemic, there is significant interest in developing vaccines for immunization against this disease. In the present study, type A O-polysaccharide (OPS) and manno-heptose capsular polysaccharide (CPS) antigens were isolated from nonpathogenic, select-agent-excluded strains of B. pseudomallei and covalently linked to carrier proteins. By using these conjugates (OPS2B1 and CPS2B1, respectively), it was shown that although high-titer IgG responses against the OPS or CPS component of the glycoconjugates could be raised in BALB/c mice, only those animals immunized with CPS2B1 were protected against intraperitoneal challenge with B. pseudomallei. Extending upon these studies, it was also demonstrated that when the mice were immunized with a combination of CPS2B1 and recombinant B. pseudomallei LolC, rather than with CPS2B1 or LolC individually, they exhibited higher survival rates when challenged with a lethal dose of B. pseudomallei. Collectively, these results suggest that CPS-based glycoconjugates are promising candidates for the development of subunit vaccines for immunization against melioidosis.
Efficient index structures for spatio-temporal objects (2002)

We present a family of four tree-based access structures for indexing spatio-temporal objects. Our indexing methods support spatio-temporal, as well as purely spatial and purely temporal queries. In order to handle sets of extended spatio-temporal objects we propose to specialize generalized search trees by combining the advantages of the well-known spatial structures R*-tree (Beckmann et al., 1990) and SS-tree (White and Jain, 1996). We consider size-based (R*-tree like) and distance-based (SS-tree like) penalty metrics for insertions, and we view the temporal dimension either as a regular third or as a special dimension. We evaluate the four access methods on different real-life datasets and identify one of them to be the most efficient access structure for the case of general spatio-temporal data with known extents in every dimension. This method continues the R*-tree split policy with penalty metric and insertion policy from the SS-tree and treats the temporal dimension as a special dimension.
A graphical model framework for coupling MRFs and deformable models (2004)

This paper proposes a new framework for image segmentation based on the integration of MRFs and deformable models using graphical models. We first construct a graphical model to represent the relationship of the observed image pixels, the true region labels and the underlying object contour. We then formulate the problem of image segmentation as the one of joint regioncontour inference and learning in the graphical model. The graphical model representation allows us to use an approximate structured variational inference technique to solve this otherwise intractable joint inference problem. Using this technique, the MAP solution to the original model is obtained by finding the MAP solutions of two simpler models, an extended MRF model and a probabilistic deformable model, iteratively and incrementally. In the extended MRF model, the true region labels are estimated using the BP algorithm in a band area around the estimated contour from the probabilistic deformable model, and the result in turn guides the probabilistic deformable model to an improved estimation of the contour. Experimental results show that our new hybrid method outperforms both the MRF-based and the deformable model-based methods.
Activity of arildone with or without interferon against acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis viruses in cell culture (1985)

Arildone (WIN 38020; 4-[6-(2-chloro-4-methoxyphenoxy)hexyl]-3,5-heptanedione) inhibited the infectivity of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis viruses in tissue culture. Arildone did not inhibit interferon (IFN) production or IFN activity. Treatment of cultures with combinations of arildone and IFN resulted in an additive inhibition of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus production.
Myc-epitope tagged proteins detected with the 9E10 antibody in immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays but not in Western blot analysis (1998)

A human Myc epitope is frequently used to tag proteins for expression experiments in nonhuman cells. We used the monoclonal 9E10 antibody specific for this epitope to analyse the expression of four proteins carrying the Myc tag in cells transfected with expression vectors. While all four proteins can be detected by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays, surprisingly, only two proteins could be detected in Western blot analysis, indicating that epitope recognition by the monoclonal antibody can be blocked in some membrane-retained ectopic proteins. Other techniques such as immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays can be successfully used with the 9E10 antibody to determine potential expression of Myc-tagged proteins.
Tuberculosis vaccine design: Influence of the completed genome sequence (2000)

Tuberculosis continues to be a major health problem, with more adults dying from Mycobacterium tuberculosis than any other pathogen world-wide. With the onset of the HIV epidemic and an increase in drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains, the need for an improved vaccine has become an international priority. The recent completion of the genome sequences for two M. tuberculosis strains provides a wealth of information that can be used to design new strategies for vaccine development. The challenge comes in making rational choices from among the 4,000 genes of the most probable candidate immunogens or virulence genes.Thus, a well-designed screen is needed to reduce the number of candidates that must be tested. Presently, the most valuable role that bioinformatics can play is to provide such a screen.
Synthesis of 2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrimidines, A new class of <i>C</i>‐nucleosides (1987)

Abstract A new C ‐glycosyl precursor for C ‐nucleoside synthesis, 2,5‐anhydroallonamidine hydrochloride ( 4 ) was prepared and utilized in a Traube type synthesis to prepare 2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrimidines, a new class of C ‐nucleosides. The anomeric configuration of 4 was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Reaction of 4 with ethyl acetoacetate gave 6‐methyl‐2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrimidin‐4‐(1 H )‐one ( 5 ). Reaction of 4 with diethyl sodio oxaloacetate gave 2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrimidin‐6(1 H )‐oxo‐4‐carboxylic acid ( 6 ). Esterification of 6 with ethanolic hydrogen‐chloride gave the corresponding ester 7 which when treated with ethanolic ammonia gave 2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrimidin‐6(1 H )‐oxo‐4‐carboxamide ( 8 ). Condensation of 2,5‐anhydroallonamidine hydrochloride ( 4 ) with ethyl 4‐(dimethylamino)‐2‐oxo‐3‐butenoate ( 9 ), gave ethyl 2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrimidine‐4‐carboxylate ( 10 ). Treatment of 10 with ethanolic ammonia gave 2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrimidine‐4‐carboxamide ( 11 ). Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis confirmed the β‐anomeric configuration of 11. Acetylation of 11 followed by treatment with phosphorus pentasulfide and subsequent deprotection with sodium methoxide gave 2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrimidine‐4‐thiocarboxamide ( 14 ). Dehydration of the acetylated amide 12 with phosphorous oxychloride provided 2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrimidine‐4‐carbonitrile ( 15 ). Treatment of 15 with sodium ethoxide gave ethyl 2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrimidine‐4‐carboximidate ( 16 ), which was converted to 2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrimidine‐4‐carboxamidine hydrochloride ( 17 ) by treatment with ethanolic ammonia and ammonium chloride. Treatment of 16 with hydroxylamine yielded 2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrimidine‐4‐ N ‐hydroxycarboxamidine ( 18 ). Treatment of 2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrimidine‐4‐carboxamide ( 11 ) with phosphorus oxychloride gave the corresponding 5′‐phosphate, 19 , Coupling of 19 with AMP using the carbonyldiimidazole activation procedure gave the corresponding NAD analog, 2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrimidine‐4‐carboxamide‐(5′ ⇋ 5′)‐adenosine pyrophosphate ( 20 ).
Magnetic nanoparticle incorporated oleogel as iontophoretic drug delivery system B Biointerfaces (2017)

In this article, we validated the use of electric current as an external stimulus to induce an enhancement of drug release from magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) incorporated organogels (magnetogel) under iontophoretic conditions. For this purpose, we adopted a simple, two-step synthesis route to incorporate magnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNP) and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride within the network of a soybean oil-based oleogel using stearic acid as gelator. We fabricated a series of MNP incorporated oleogels by varying the wt% of MNPs while keeping a constant weight ratio of soybean oil:stearic acid. The microstructures of the magnetogels were analyzed in MNP concentration-dependent manner by optical microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR, mechanical, and electrical studies. Detailed analysis of the electrical properties revealed that the gel sample with a maximum proportion of MNP (S4) allowed the maximum passage of current through it among all the compositions. Under the iontophoretic environment of the active condition, we observed nearly 2.5 fold increase in cumulative drug release in case of sample S4 compared to the corresponding passive condition. These observations suggested that in future, our magnetogel formulation can be further developed as AC field induced ‘remote controlled’ agent for therapeutic application.
Saphenous Neuritis: A Poorly Understood Cause of Medial Knee Pain (2002)

Saphenous neuritis is a painful condition caused by either irritation or compression at the adductor canal or elsewhere along the course of the saphenous nerve. The condition also may be associated with surgical or nonsurgical trauma to the nerve, especially at the medial or anterior aspect of the knee. Saphenous neuritis can imitate other pathology around the knee, particularly a medial meniscal tear or osteoarthritis. Unrecognized saphenous neuritis can confuse the patient's clinical picture, complicate treatment, and compromise results. As an isolated entity, saphenous neuritis may appear in conjunction with other common problems, such as osteoarthritis and patellofemoral pain syndrome, and it can have an indolent and protracted course. Its clinical appearance is characterized by allodynia along the course of the saphenous nerve. The diagnosis is confirmed by relief of symptoms after injection of the affected area with local anesthetic. Initial treatment can include non-surgical symptomatic care, treatment of associated pathology, and diagnostic or therapeutic injections of local anesthetic. In recalcitrant cases, surgical decompression and neurectomy are potential options. The key to treatment is prompt recognition; palpation of the saphenous nerve should be part of every routine examination of the knee.
HA95 is a protein of the chromatin and nuclear matrix regulating nuclear envelope dynamics (2000)

We report a role for HA95, a nuclear protein with high homology to the nuclear A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP95, in the regulation of nuclear envelope-chromatin interactions. Biochemical and photobleaching data indicate that HA95 is tightly associated with chromatin and the nuclear matrix/lamina network in interphase, and bound to chromatin at mitosis. HA95 resides in a complex together with lamin B receptor (LBR), lamina-associated polypeptide (LAP)2 and emerin, integral proteins of the inner nuclear membrane. Cross-linking experiments, however, illustrate a tight association of HA95 with LBR and LAP2 only. Intra-nuclear blocking of HA95 with anti-HA95 antibodies abolishes nuclear breakdown in a mitotic HeLa cell extract. The antibodies inhibit nuclear membrane breakdown and chromatin condensation - the latter independently of nuclear membranes. However, lamina disassembly is not affected, as judged by immunological analyses of A/C- and B-type lamins. In contrast, immunoblocking of HA95 bound to condensed chromosomes does not impair chromatin decondensation, nuclear membrane reassembly or lamina reformation. Our results argue for a role for HA95 in anchoring nuclear membranes and lamins to chromatin in interphase, and in releasing membranes from chromatin at mitosis. The data also suggest that HA95 is not involved in initial binding of membranes to chromatin upon nuclear reassembly. We propose that HA95 is a central platform at the chromatin/nuclear matrix interface implicated in regulating nuclear envelope-chromatin interactions during the cell cycle.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Contributes to Small Intestine Allograft Rejection (2010)

Small intestine graft survival is prolonged in the absence of TLR4, suggesting that gut flora associated with the graft may augment alloimmune responses through TLR4. Thus, the TLR pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for improving SIT allograft survival.
Amycolatopsis kentuckyensis sp. nov., Amycolatopsis lexingtonensis sp. nov. and Amycolatopsis pretoriensis sp. nov., isolated from equine placentas (2003)

Actinomycete strains isolated from lesions on equine placentas from two horses in Kentucky and one in South Africa were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Chemotaxonomic and morphological characteristics indicated that the isolates are members of the genus AMYCOLATOPSIS: On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, the isolates are related most closely to Amycolatopsis mediterranei. Physiological characteristics of these strains indicated that they do not belong to A. mediterranei and DNA relatedness determinations confirmed that these strains represent three novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis, for which the names Amycolatopsis kentuckyensis (type strain, NRRL B-24129(T)=LDDC 9447-99(T)=DSM 44652(T)), Amycolatopsis lexingtonensis (type strain, NRRL B-24131(T)=LDDC 12275-99(T)=DSM 44653(T)) and Amycolatopsis pretoriensis (type strain, NRRL B-24133(T)=ARC OV1 0181(T)=DSM 44654(T)) are proposed.
Perfect quantum error correction coding in 24 laser pulses (1996)

An efficient coding circuit is given for the perfect quantum error correction of a single qubit against arbitrary 1-qubit errors within a 5 qubit code. The circuit presented employs a double `classical' code, i.e., one for bit flips and one for phase shifts. An implementation of this coding circuit on an ion-trap quantum computer is described that requires 26 laser pulses. A further circuit is presented requiring only 24 laser pulses, making it an efficient protection scheme against arbitrary 1-qubit errors. In addition, the performance of two error correction schemes, one based on the quantum Zeno effect and the other using standard methods, is compared. The quantum Zeno error correction scheme is found to fail completely for a model of noise based on phase-diffusion.
Cloning of pMOL28-encoded nickel resistance genes and expression of the genes in Alcaligenes eutrophus and Pseudomonas spp (1989)

The 163-kilobase-pair (kb) plasmid pMOL28, which determines inducible resistance to nickel, cobalt, chromate, and mercury salts in its native host Alcaligenes eutrophus CH34, was transferred to a derivative of A. eutrophus H16 and subjected to cloning procedures. After Tn5 transposon mutagenesis, restriction endonuclease analysis, and DNA-DNA hybridization, two DNA fragments, a 9.5-kb KpnI fragment and a 13.5-kb HindIII fragment (HKI), were isolated. HKI contained EK1, the KpnI fragment, as a subfragment flanked on both sides by short regions. Both fragments were ligated into the suicide vector pSUP202, the broad-host-range vector pVK101, and pUC19. Both fragments restored a nickel-sensitive Tn5 mutant to full nickel and cobalt resistance. The hybrid plasmid pVK101::HKI expressed full nickel resistance in all nickel-sensitive derivatives, either pMOL28-deficient or -defective, of the native host CH34. The hybrid plasmid pVK101::HKI also conferred nickel and cobalt resistance to A. eutrophus strains H16 and JMP222, Alcaligenes hydrogenophilus, Pseudomonas putida, and Pseudomonas oleovorans, but to a lower level of resistance. In all transconjugants the metal resistances coded by pVK101::HKI were expressed constitutively rather than inducibly. The hybrid plasmid metal resistance was not expressed in Escherichia coli. DNA sequences responsible for nickel resistance in newly isolated strains showed homology to the cloned pMOL28-encoded nickel and cobalt resistance determinant.
The Feasibility of R-Mode to Meet Resilient PNT Requirements for e-Navigation (2014)

Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) is part of the critical infrastructure necessary for the safety and efficiency of vessel movements, especially in congested areas such as the North Sea. GNSS (primarily GPS and GLONASS) has become the primary PNT source for maritime operations. The GNSS position is used both for vessel navigation and as the position source for AIS.
Unfortunately, GNSS is vulnerable to jamming and interference – both intentional and unintentional. This can lead to the loss of positioning information or even worse, to incorrect positioning information. The user requirement is for dependable PNT information at all times, even under GNSS jamming conditions. One potential source of resilient PNT services is Ranging Mode (R-Mode) using signals independent of GNSS.
The German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration has contracted for a feasibility study of R-mode using MF-DGNSS and VHF AIS signals as well as those signals in combination and in combination with eLoran. The first part of the study focused on the feasibility of using MF-DGNSS signals for ranging and timing. It examined the state of the art, identified potential solution methods, and, after examining Pros and Cons of the various options, selected a few options for further study. Part 2 examined the proposed solutions in depth and identified the modifications required for both the reference stations (transmitters) and user equipment (beacon receivers). Parts 3 and 4 of the study repeated Parts 1 and 2, but using AIS signals rather than MF. Part 5 of the study examined the possibility of combining MF and AIS R-Mode or combining MF R-Mode with eLoran.
This paper presents the results of this study including recommended R-Mode implementations and bounds on the positioning performance using the various R-Mode methods. Included are predictions of DGNSS and AIS R-Mode coverage and the resulting HDOP using existing and proposed DGNSS and AIS sites with specific detail in the area of the planned test bed in the North Sea.
Long-distance signalling of abscisic acid (ABA): the factors regulating the intensity of the ABA signal (2007)

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress signal, which moves in the xylem from the roots to the aerial parts of the plant, where it regulates stomatal movement and the activity of shoot meristems. Root growth-promoting microorganisms in the rhizosphere, lateral ABA flows in the root cortex across apoplastic barriers, ABA redistribution in the stem, leaf apoplastic pH values, and the action of beta-glucosidases, both in the apoplast and the cytosol of the mesophyll, play an important role in the regulation of signal intensity. The significance of abscisic acid glucose ester as a long-distance stress signal is discussed.
Isolation and Characterization of an Avian Encephalon Escherichia coli Strain (2000)

The Escherichia coli called as LCB was isolated from an encephalon material of a dead broiler manifested the symptom of paralysis, wry neck and lethargy in Lianyungang areas of Jiangsu province. The biochemical and physical characteristics of the strain were similar to those of the avian E. coli MG40 and Q50. The serotype of LCB belong to O113, a newly discovered on avian E.coli serogroup. Pathogenicity of LCB to KM mice was high through intraperitoneal injection, as well as to one day old chicks through intracranial injection. Nonpathogenicity was shown to chicks through intraperitoneal and intratracheal inoculation. No fimbriae of LCB was observed through 37℃ culture for 72 h in NB, but exhibited the mannose sensitive and hemagglutination (MSHA) of erythyrocytes of duck, canine, chicken, guinea pig, horse. By SDS PAGE of whole bacterial proteins, LCB was proved to be deleted of one major protein subunits of 40 000 which exists only in pathogenic strains MG40.