gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sorption of Vapors by High Polymers (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSorption of Vapors by High PolymersBruno H. Zimm and John L. LundbergCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1956, 60, 4, 425–428Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150538a010https://doi.org/10.1021/j150538a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views928Altmetric-Citations384LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Gaza War: Antecedents and Consequences (2009)

Hamas has suffered serious blows over the course of Israel`s 23-day war on Gaza, but the civilian population has suffered enormously. Against the loss of 10 Israeli soldiers and four civilians, more than 1,300 Palestinians have been killed in the war, of which the overwhelming majority are non-combatants, including approximately 300 children. Nonetheless, much like the Lebanon war of 2006, Israel`s strategic gains in Operation Cast Lead have dissipated day by day. Had Israel inflicted a fierce three or four day campaign upon Hamas and its infrastructure, the Islamist group would have enjoyed less sympathy in the Arab world and it might have been possible to restore a ceasefire under terms dictated by Israel. After 23 days of fighting, Israel has fallen well short of a clear-cut strategic victory. History`s lesson is that peace in this region if in fact that is the goal can be imposed neither with bombs nor rockets. The Gaza war only verifies the lesson.
Energy-efficient networking techniques for wireless sensor networks (2004)

Wireless sensor networks must minimize overall power consumption in order to maximize operational lifetime. This paper's primary focus is on networks that use a mixture of higher-powered IP-speaking nodes and lower-powered non-IP nodes. Graph-theoretic techniques are used to investigate heuristics for guaranteeing full network connectivity in networks consisting of sensors with differing transmission ranges. Simulation results are provided for the use of adaptive power control in IP networks that utilize reactive routing protocols and sleep-mode operation.
Cyclohexene Oxide/CO<sub>2</sub> Copolymerization Catalyzed by Chromium(III) Salen Complexes and <i>N</i>-Methylimidazole:  Effects of Varying Salen Ligand Substituents and Relative Cocatalyst Loading (2004)

A detailed mechanistic study into the copolymerization of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide utilizing CrIII(salen)X complexes and N-methylimidazole, where H2salen = N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-ethylenediimine and other salen derivatives and X = Cl or N3, has been conducted. By studying salen ligands with various groups on the diimine backbone, we have observed that bulky groups oriented perpendicular to the salen plane reduce the activity of the catalyst significantly, while such groups oriented parallel to the salen plane do not retard copolymer formation. This is not surprising in that the mechanism for asymmetric ring opening of epoxides was found to occur in a bimetallic fashion, whereas these perpendicularly oriented groups along with the tert-butyl groups on the phenolate rings produce considerable steric requirements for the two metal centers to communicate and thus initiate the copolymerization process. It was also observed that altering the substituents on the phenolate rings of the salen ligand had a 2-fold effect, controlling both catalyst solubility as well as electron density around the metal center, producing significant effects on the rate of copolymer formation. This and other data discussed herein have led us to propose a more detailed mechanistic delineation, wherein the rate of copolymerization is dictated by two separate equilibria. The first equilibrium involves the initial second-order epoxide ring opening and is inhibited by excess amounts of cocatalyst. The second equilibrium involves the propagation step and is enhanced by excess cocatalyst. This gives the [cocatalyst] both a positive and negative effect on the overall rate of copolymerization.
Colloidal metal halide perovskite nanocrystals: synthesis, characterization, and applications (2016)

In this Highlight, we review recent developments in colloidal perovskite nanocrystals, including the chemical synthesis, characterization and optoelectronic applications.
Overexpression of BCL-X(L) underlies the molecular basis for resistance to staurosporine-induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells. (2001)

We have reported previously that among human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP but not PC-3 cells undergo apoptosis after treatment with the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine (STS). We have now further investigated this model to uncover the molecular mechanism causing resistance to STS-induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells. S-100 lysates of both cell lines showed biochemical changes typical of apoptosis after the addition of cytochrome c and dATP, suggesting that the postmitochondrial phase of apoptosis was intact. Upon addition of STS, the proapoptotic molecules Bax and Bad became predominantly mitochondrial in both cell lines. This, in turn, was followed by loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, translocation of cytochrome c to the cytosol, activation of caspase-9, -3, and -7, and cleavage of the apoptotic targets, DNA fragmentation factor and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, in LNCaP but not in PC-3 cells. Components of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, adenine nucleotide transporter and voltage-dependent anion channel, were normally expressed in the correct subcellular fraction of both cell lines. Overexpression of the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bad, fused to a green fluorescent protein but not of green fluorescent protein alone, induced apoptosis in >80% of PC-3 cells. These experiments suggested that a factor protecting the mitochondria of PC-3 cells mediates resistance to STS-induced apoptosis. A wide search among the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members was performed, and Bcl-X(L) was found to be overexpressed in PC-3 cells. Experiments down-regulating Bcl-X(L) expression by using the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, sodium butyrate, or an antisense Bcl-X(L) oligonucleotide restored sensitivity to apoptosis in PC-3 cells. Thus, Bcl-X(L) overexpression is one of the mediators of resistance to STS-induced apoptosis in the prostate cancer cell line PC-3.
Olefin/Paraffin Separation through Carbonized Membranes Derived from an Asymmetric Polyimide Hollow Fiber Membrane (1999)

Carbonized hollow fiber membranes were prepared by pyrolyzing an asymmetric hollow fiber membrane of a polyimide from 3,3‘,4,4‘-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and aromatic diamines at temperatures of 500−700 °C under a nitrogen stream. The precursor membrane was treated in air at 400 °C for 0.5 h before the pyrolysis. This pretreatment was effective for improvement of gas permeance of the carbonized membranes. The carbonized membranes had an asymmetric structure with a skin layer of around 200 nm in thickness. They had the characteristics of larger permeance and lower permselectivity for inorganic gas pairs such as O2/N2, but this was rather preferable to the separation of olefin/paraffin. The membranes pyrolyzed at 600−630 °C displayed good stability and excellent performances of propylene/propane and 1,3-butadiene/n-butane separation based on the molecular sieving.
Triangulations (2017)

Japanese film director Nakae Yuji’s 2009 feature film A Midsummer’s Okinawan Dream: Majiru of the Triangular Mountain (Manatsu no yo no Yume: Sankaku Yama no Majiru) is rooted in the culture, folklore and soundscapes of the Okinawan islands and uses imagery, sound, music and narrative to explore many traits that epitomize Okinawa’s distinct cultural identity in modern-day Japan. This article discusses the film from two main perspectives: (1) how different musical styles operate as distinct elements of the soundtrack (drawing on and embellishing their source contexts and traditions); and (2) how music functions in particular scenes and across the narrative in general. The article identifies the manner in which the film embraces local, national and global musical sources to provide a cultural soundscape that helps show some of the complexities of local identity construction in an era where regional identities are often contrasted against broader national and global influences.
Characterization of a human macrophage-like cell line stimulated <i>in vitro</i>: a model of macrophage functions. (1980)

When cells of human macrophage-like cell line U937 are cultured in the presence of medium conditioned by mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), PHA- or Con A-stimulated lymphocytes they demonstrate morphologic and functional characteristics of stimulation. The cells become larger, their surface more villous, and the cytoplasm has increased numbers of lysosomes and phagosomes. There is a marked (at least 10-fold) increase in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against both erythroid and tumor targets accompanied by increased expression of Fc receptors (FcR). There is also an augmentation of antibody-dependent phagocytosis. Medium conditioned by unstimulated lymphocytes, a B lymphoblastoid cell line or a fibroblast cell line produce very little stimulation of U937 cells. U937 cells gradually lose their increased ADCC capacity if they are washed free of conditioned medium (CM) but can be maintained in a stimulated state for long periods of time by culturing them in medium supplemented with PHA-CM at a concentration of 2%. Stimulation of macrophage-like cell line U937 may provide a useful model for further study of mechanisms of macrophage cytotoxicity and its modulation by products of activated lymphocytes.
Endotoxemia: methods of detection and clinical correlates (1995)

As an assay for endotoxin, the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay has several desirable properties: sensitivity, specificity, and potential for adaptation to a quantitative format. Several modifications have been developed to enhance its potential for clinical application. The modifications that allow quantitative measurement of endotoxin and also improve its application to blood samples are described in this review. In fluids other than blood, the detection of endotoxin with the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay can be used as an aid to identify the presence of gram-negative bacteria, and the assay has established utility. With blood, however, there are a range of factors that interfere with the detection of endotoxemia and there are disparate views with respect to the diagnostic and prognostic significance of the test results. In general, the clinical significance of the finding of endotoxemia broadly parallels the frequency and importance of gram-negative sepsis in the patient groups studied and a decline in endotoxin levels accompanies clinical improvement. However, with therapies designed to reduce levels of endotoxin, or to antagonize its effects, it is unclear whether clinical improvement occurs as a consequence of changes in the levels of endotoxemia.
Nanoscale Characterization of Zein Self-Assembly (2012)

Zein, a major protein of corn, is rich in α-helical structure. It has an amphiphilic character and is capable of self-assembly. Zein can self-assemble into various mesostructures that may find applications in food, agricultural, and biomedical engineering. Understanding the mechanism of zein self-assembly at the nanoscale is important for further development of zein structures. In this work, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed nanosize zein stripes, rings, and discs containing a 0.35 nm periodicity, which is characteristic of β-sheet. TEM images were interpreted in terms of the transformation of original α-helices into β-sheet conformation after evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA). The presence of β-sheet was also detected by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Zein β-sheets self-assembled into stripes, which curled into rings. Rings formed discs and eventually spheres. The formation of zein nanostructures was believed to be the result of β-sheet orientation, alignment, and packing.
Optimization of BiCMOS circuits for high performance digital logic (2002)

The effects of different MOS and bipolar device parameters on the switching speed of a BiCMOS buffer are examined. The switching speed is studied for the pull-up situation. Also, an approach to the design of a BiCMOS buffer with high performance is presented. The optimization of the buffer is performed in terms of AT and A-only where A is chip area and AT is switching delay. Results in both cases show that larger transistor sizes are required to drive large loads and to provide faster switching speed. The sizes of the transistors generated using the optimization procedure constitute the optimal buffer for the given design specification. It is also shown that improving the current driving capability of the MOS transistor without improving the bipolar transistor reduces the advantage of the BiCMOS driver over a MOS buffer. The optimization algorithm has been incorporated into a BiCMOS buffer compiler which will allow the automatic generation of a BiCMOS buffer layout.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Study of 6 mil Cu Wire Replacing 10–15 mil Al Wire for Maximizing Wire-Bonding Process on Power ICs (2010)

Copper (Cu) wire-bonding with its advantage in cost, mechanical enhanced characteristic, and better electrical performance is a developing alternative interconnection technology to replace gold (Au) and aluminum (Al) wires in IC packaging manufacturing. This paper discussed the experimental study of using 6-mil Cu wire on an ASM wire bonder to replace 10-15 mil Al wire in a power IC device. It encompassed wire and tool selection, wire-bonding process development, post wire-bonding integrity inspection, and bonding reliability results. The wire and tool selection included type of wire, capillary use, and bonder capability. The process development focused on two crucial stages, Free air ball (FAB) formation and bonding process window development. Design of experiment (DOE) was extensively applied in this study. The experimental studies showed that flow rate of forming gas was a key factor to form the qualified FABs and establishment of a workable process window. Wire pull and ball shear tests were conducted per JEDEC criteria for bond strength integrity. Moreover, crater test and Zygo's 3-D measurement were used to inspect any risk of underlying metal integrity in die before reliability tests. The data showed that sufficient thickness of the Al bond pad was crucial to avoid any underlying metal damage when subjected to heavy copper wire bonding forces. High-temperature baking (HTB) and pre-condition (PC) and temperature cycle (TC) were used to evaluate the samples reliability. The results of the two reliability tests showed that Cu/AL intermetallic compound (IMC) growth was slow, which indicates potential significant product life-span extension. The study concluded that with current thermosonic ball bonder, using 6-mil Cu wire could replace heavy 10-15 mil Al wire in power IC applications.
The impact of ColRS two-component system and TtgABC efflux pump on phenol tolerance of Pseudomonas putida becomes evident only in growing bacteria (2010)

ColRS signal system and TtgABC efflux pump are involved in the phenol tolerance of P. putida. However, as they affect phenol tolerance of growing bacteria only, this indicates that they participate in the regulation of processes which are active during the growth and/or cell division. Single cell analysis data indicated that the cell division step of cell cycle is particularly sensitive to the toxic effect of phenol and its inhibition can be considered as an adaptive response under conditions of phenol stress.
Relational clustering by symmetric convex coding (2007)

Relational data appear frequently in many machine learning applications. Relational data consist of the pairwise relations (similarities or dissimilarities) between each pair of implicit objects, and are usually stored in relation matrices and typically no other knowledge is available. Although relational clustering can be formulated as graph partitioning in some applications, this formulation is not adequate for general relational data. In this paper, we propose a general model for relational clustering based on symmetric convex coding. The model is applicable to all types of relational data and unifies the existing graph partitioning formulation. Under this model, we derive two alternative bound optimization algorithms to solve the symmetric convex coding under two popular distance functions, Euclidean distance and generalized I-divergence. Experimental evaluation and theoretical analysis show the effectiveness and great potential of the proposed model and algorithms.
cDNA-AFLP analysis of gene expression differences between the flower bud and sprout-shoot apical meristem of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (2011)

Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Umbelliferae) is a well-known medicinal plant mainly distributed in Gansu Province of China. Its local and global demand is significant because of its food and medicinal applications. However, the early bolting rate of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels reaches 20%-60%, which seriously affects its food and medicinal qualities. Thus, differences in gene expression between the flower bud and sprout-shoot apical meristem underwent analysis, by means of cDNA-amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism, to better understand the flowering mechanism. 64 primer sets, each of which amplified to 60 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs), were used. Among these TDFs, 26 were expressed specifically in the flower bud. After cloning and sequencing, 32 distinct sequences were obtained from these 26 TDFs, and 25 were found with homologous sequences in databases. Confirmation of differential expression of 13 sequences was obtained by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, their showing higher expression levels in flower buds. These homologous sequences encode transposable elements, pentatricopeptide repeat-containing proteins, DNA-binding transcription factors, zinc finger (B-box type) family proteins, NADP-dependent sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH), amongst others.
The reverse transient behavior of semiconductor junction diodes (1961)

The reverse transient behavior of junction diodes after a rectangular pulse of forward current is analyzed and the results verified experimentally. Based on the simplified planar diode model and the diffusion equation, equations are obtained to determine the reverse recovery current and voltage as functions of carrier lifetime and circuit parameters. The transient behavior of both the open circuit and the closed circuit conditions are shown to be described by some set of equations, and the presently unrelated explanations are unified. The relation between the charge stored by forward current and the charge recovered by reverse current is then derived. These equations are confirmed with an accuracy of 5 per cent or better by experimental data from germinium and silicon alloyed diodes. Several applications on measurements of diode material properties and on circuit applications (diode amplifiers, modulators, etc.) are suggested.
Design and operation of an automatic pressure tracking adiabatic calorimeter (APTAC) (1995)

Since 1987, Union Carbide has steadily developed a high-quality, low-thermal inertia calorimeter based upon the DIERS bench-scale apparatus concept. The resulting device, known as the APTAC, makes full use of microcomputer-based instrument control and data acquisition. The nature and quality of the data obtained have been routinely critiqued regarding their suitability for kinetic model development, rather than for use with simple empirical design methodologies. The design elements required for accurate and versatile machine operation are noted, and the design rationale for the various components is given. The hardware and software used for computer control and data acquisition are described. To illustrate the benefits of the APTAC design, a range of challenging techniques are documented. In general, commercially available calorimeters do not have the capability of the APTAC to perform experiments requiring low self heat rate detection, reactant injections, vented operation, and gas/solid phase reactions. Illustrative examples of each of these techniques are documented. The flexibility of the design and the operating stability over a wide range of self heat rates are also shown. 10 refs., 19 figs., 1 tab.
PARP14 promotes the Warburg effect in hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting JNK1-dependent PKM2 phosphorylation and activation (2015)

Most tumour cells use aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) to support anabolic growth and evade apoptosis. Intriguingly, the molecular mechanisms that link the Warburg effect with the suppression of apoptosis are not well understood. In this study, using loss-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo, we show that the anti-apoptotic protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)14 promotes aerobic glycolysis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by maintaining low activity of the pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2), a key regulator of the Warburg effect. Notably, PARP14 is highly expressed in HCC primary tumours and associated with poor patient prognosis. Mechanistically, PARP14 inhibits the pro-apoptotic kinase JNK1, which results in the activation of PKM2 through phosphorylation of Thr365. Moreover, targeting PARP14 enhances the sensitization of HCC cells to anti-HCC agents. Our findings indicate that the PARP14-JNK1-PKM2 regulatory axis is an important determinant for the Warburg effect in tumour cells and provide a mechanistic link between apoptosis and metabolism.