gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Formation Cycling for Nickel-Rich NMC/Graphite Lithium Ion Batteries (2018)

The development of nickel-rich NMC cathodes (LiNi x Mn y Co 1-x-y O 2 with x > 0.5) is among the most promising routes to deliver lithium-ion cells with energy densities that significantly exceed 250 Wh/kg. The capacity decay in the long-term cycling has been attributed to several factors including electrolyte decomposition and cross-talk between the anode and cathode. Forming a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer at the graphite anode is indispensable preventing irreversible consumption of electrolyte and lithium ions. However, the process to form such passivation layers for lithium ion batteries typically takes several days, or even up to a week, resulting in either lower LIB production rates or excessive capital cost for battery cyclers. In this study, we propose a fast and effective formation protocol that could significantly reduce the formation time for LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 / graphite full cells. We show that cells formed over a reduced time exhibit similar rate performance to cells that undergo a much longer formation protocol. Moreover, better capacity retention after long-term cycling is achieved with the shorter formation time. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and impedance spectroscopy reveal the impact of formation protocol on SEI chemistry and impedance growth. Finally, this study shows that there is an optimal formation time below which severe lithium plating and faster capacity fade are observed. Our study illustrates a viable route to reduce the time and cost to form a robust and chemically stable SEI layer and enable a long cycle life for lithium ion batteries with nickel-rich NMC cathodes.
Nanopatterned Assembling of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles on Silicon (2000)

A quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) Au nanocolloids array has been fabricated on silicon by combining the techniques of atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanooxidation and chemical assembling of colloidal nanoparticles. The silicon substrate, modified with an octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) monolayer, was first subjected to a localized chemical oxidation by using conductive AFM to form silicon oxide lines. After further modification of the oxidized region with an aminopropyltriethoxylsilane (APTES) monolayer via selective chemical adsorption, the substrate was exposed to a colloidal suspension of gold for deposition of gold nanoparticles. It is found that the Au nanoparticles can be selectively immobilized onto the AFM tip-defined amino-terminating regions of the silicon surface, forming quasi-1D gold nanoparticle arrays. The patterned structure is highly controllable and reproducible, which, we believe, will contribute to studies of nanodevices and mesoscopic phenomena.
Homeostatic Expansion and Phenotypic Conversion of Human T Cells Depend on Peripheral Interactions with APCs (2010)

Immune recovery in lymphopenic hosts depends largely on homeostatic peripheral expansion, especially when thymopoiesis is insufficient, as is often the case in human adults. Although it has been well studied in mice, the study of homeostatic peripheral expansion of human T cells has been limited by the lack of an appropriate in vivo model. In this study, we use T cell-deficient humanized mice and an adoptive transfer approach to demonstrate that two distinct proliferative responses of autologous T cells occur in vivo in a lymphopenic setting. Human naive CD4 and CD8 T cells that undergo rapid proliferation acquire a memory-like phenotype and the ability to rapidly produce IFN-gamma, whereas those undergoing slow proliferation retain naive phenotypic and functional characteristics. Recovery of both populations depends on the extent of human non-T cell chimerism in the periphery of recipient humanized mice. Furthermore, memory conversion of CD4 and CD8 T cells correlates with the level of human CD14+ and CD19+ chimerism in recipient mice, respectively, suggesting that different types of APCs support memory conversion of CD4 and CD8 T cells. Because lymphopenia affects clinical outcomes, this model, which will allow detailed investigation of the effects of lymphopenia in patients, is of clinical significance.
Silicon inhibition effects on the polymerase chain reaction: A real‐time detection approach (2005)

In the miniaturization of biochemical analysis systems, biocompatibility of the microfabricated material is a key feature to be considered. A clear insight into interactions between biological reagents and microchip materials will help to build more robust functional bio-microelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS). In the present work, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to study the inhibition effects of silicon and native silicon oxide particles on Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA PCR amplification. Silicon nanoparticles with different surface oxides were added into the PCR mixture to activate possible interactions between the silicon-related materials and the PCR reagents. Ratios of silicon nanoparticle surface area to PCR mixture volume (surface to volume ratio) varied from 4.7 to 235.5 mm2/microL. Using high speed centrifugation, the nanoparticles were pelleted to tube inner surfaces. Supernatant extracts were then used in subsequent PCR experiments. To test whether silicon materials participated in amplifications directly, in some cases, entire PCR mixture containing silicon nanoparticles were used in amplification. Fluorescence histories of PCR amplifications indicated that with the increase in surface to volume ratio, amplification efficiency decreased considerably, and within the studied ranges, the higher the particle surface oxidation, the stronger the silicon inhibition effects on PCR. Adsorption of Taq polymerase (not nucleic acid) on the silicon-related material surface was the primary cause of the inhibition phenomena and silicon did not participate in the amplification process directly.
Nanoscale n-channel and ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (2006)

N -channel and ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with a few tens of nanometer channel length were fabricated and characterized. N,N′-bis(n-octyl)-dicyanoperylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI-8CN2) was employed as the active semiconductor and yielded a linear regime electron mobility of 2.3×10−3cm2∕Vs at 5×105V∕cm in an OFET with channel length of 15nm. An ambipolar heterostructure transistor consisting of thin layers of PDI-8CN2 and pentacene was fabricated with channel length of about 23nm. Field-effect hole and electron mobilities of 9.2×10−3 and 4.0×10−3cm2∕Vs, respectively, are obtained at 5×105V∕cm. These results represent the shortest channel length n-channel and ambipolar organic transistors that have been fabricated.
Composition of gallstone and bile: species difference. (1969)

Abstract Composition of gallstone and gallbladder bile from different species, i.e., man, pig, dog, and ox, has been determined with quantitative microanalytieal technique and their difference has been documented. Gallstones from ox and pig contain only a small amount of cholesterol but are mainly composed of bile pigments, calcium, and bile acids in sharp contrast to the majority of human gallstones, i.e., cholesterol stone, but rather similar to human bile pigment stone. The difference in gallstone composition between species can conveniently be explained by plotting bile composition on phase diagram of cholesterol-bile salts-lecithin-water. Those representing human gallbladder bile occupy the outer part of the micellar zone, while those of other animal species are located well inside the zone. This suggests that the former is more likely to be forced out of the zone resulting in the precipitation of cholesterol leading to formation of gallstones rich in cholesterol.
Imidazole Catalysis. I. The Catalysis of the Hydrolysis of Phenyl Acetates by Imidazole (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImidazole Catalysis. I. The Catalysis of the Hydrolysis of Phenyl Acetates by ImidazoleThomas C. Bruice and Gaston L. SchmirCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 7, 1663–1667Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01564a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01564a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1116Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Highly Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Naturally Occurring and Non‐Natural α‐2,6‐Linked Sialosides: A <i>P. damsela</i> α‐2,6‐Sialyltransferase with Extremely Flexible Donor–Substrate Specificity (2006)

Just relax: A one-pot, three-enzyme chemoenzymatic synthetic approach is highly efficient for obtaining complex sialosides that contain diverse naturally occurring sialic acid modifications. α-2,6-Linked sialosides containing twelve naturally occurring sialic acid forms and seven non-natural sialic acid forms have been obtained. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z600572_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Optimal Scheduling for Quality of Monitoring in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (2013)

Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network (WRSN) is an emerging technology to address the energy constraint in sensor networks. The protocol design in WRSN is extremely challenging due to the complicated interactions between rechargeable sensor nodes and readers, capable of mobility and functioning as energy distributors and data collectors. In this paper, we for the first time investigate the optimal scheduling problem in WRSN for stochastic event capture, i.e., how to jointly mobilize the readers for energy distribution and schedule sensor nodes for optimal quality of monitoring (QoM). We analyze the QoM for three application scenarios: i) the reader travels at a fixed speed to recharge sensor nodes and sensor nodes consume the collected energy in an aggressive way, ii) the reader stops to recharge sensor nodes for a predefined time during its periodic traveling and sensor nodes deplete energy aggressively, iii) the reader stops to recharge sensor nodes but sensor nodes can adopt optimal duty cycle scheduling for maximal QoM. We provide analytical results for achieving the optimal QoM under arbitrary parameter settings. Extensive simulation results are offered to demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of our results.
Phospholipid Hydroxyalkenals (2003)

PC-HAs are present in vivo and possess multiple functions characteristic of oxidized LDL and 4-hydroxynonenal.
A 3-D Sensor System for Teaching Robot Paths and Environments (1987)

In this paper, we discuss a three-dimensional (3-D) sensor system that can simultaneously measure 3-D pose ( position and orientation) of robot environments. The 3-D sensor system consists of a camera using a position-sensitive device and multiple LEDs ( light emitting diode) attached to robotic devices, such as a robot's hand and a teaching device. 3-D pose of these devices is calculated in real time based on both two-dimensional coordinate values of the LEDs in an image plane of the camera and geometrical relationships among 3-D positions of the LEDs. The 3-D sensor system has the advantages of simplicity and practical usefulness for obtain ing 3-D information about robotic devices at high speed. We describe the experimental results of applications to visual detection of a robot's hand position and orientation, teaching of robot paths with a robot language system, and modeling of robot environments using the stereo-vision method.
Self-Assembly of Archimedean Tilings with Enthalpically and Entropically Patchy Polygons (2014)

Considerable progress in the synthesis of anisotropic patchy nanoplates (nanoplatelets) promises a rich variety of highly ordered two-dimensional superlattices. Recent experiments of superlattices assembled from nanoplates confirm the accessibility of exotic phases and motivate the need for a better understanding of the underlying self-assembly mechanisms. Here, we present experimentally accessible, rational design rules for the self-assembly of the Archimedean tilings from polygonal nanoplates. The Archimedean tilings represent a model set of target patterns that (i) contain both simple and complex patterns, (ii) are comprised of simple regular shapes, and (iii) contain patterns with potentially interesting materials properties. Via Monte Carlo simulations, we propose a set of design rules with general applicability to one- and two-component systems of polygons. These design rules, specified by increasing levels of patchiness, correspond to a reduced set of anisotropy dimensions for robust self-assembly of the Archimedean tilings. We show for which tilings entropic patches alone are sufficient for assembly and when short-range enthalpic interactions are required. For the latter, we show how patchy these interactions should be for optimal yield. This study provides a minimal set of guidelines for the design of anisostropic patchy particles that can self-assemble all 11 Archimedean tilings.
Therapeutic PD-L1 antibodies are more effective than PD-1 antibodies in blocking PD-1/PD-L1 signaling (2019)

Inhibitors of PD-1 signaling have revolutionized cancer therapy. PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies have been approved for the treatment of cancer. To date, therapeutic PD-1 inhibitors have not been compared in a functional assay. We used an efficient T cell reporter platform to evaluate the efficacy of five clinically used PD-1 inhibitors to block PD-1 signaling. The half maximal effective concentrations (EC<sub>50</sub>) for nivolumab and pembrolizumab were 76.17 ng/ml (95% CI 64.95-89.34 ng/ml) and 39.90 ng/ml (34.01-46.80 ng/ml), respectively. The EC<sub>50</sub> values of the PD-L1 inhibitors were 6.46 ng/ml (5.48-7.61 ng/ml), 6.15 ng/ml (5.24-7.21 ng/ml) and 7.64 ng/ml (6.52-8.96 ng/ml) for atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab, respectively. In conclusion, a functional assay evaluating antibodies targeting PD-1 inhibition in vitro revealed that pembrolizumab is a slightly more effective PD-1 blocker than nivolumab, and that PD-L1 antibodies are superior to PD-1 antibodies in reverting PD-1 signaling.
Recombination of Selectable Marker DNA in <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> (1987)

A chimeric neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II) gene, which normally provides kanamycin resistance to transformed plant cells, was inactivated by in vitro deletions. Repair plasmids not containing plant-specific transcription signals but containing only the NPT II coding region (or parts of it) were used in co-transformation experiments involving direct DNA uptake into protoplasts isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. Recombination, or gene conversion mediated by homologous sequences produced active NPT II genes in about 1% of transformants, rendering these cells resistant to kanamycin. Analysis of the size of the active enzyme indicated that recombination had occurred producing an NPT II gene indistinguishable from the wild-type gene. Southern blot analysis revealed that the bulk of co-transformed donor plasmid DNA had suffered structural modifications; however, kanamycin resistance was inherited in a Mendelian fashion, indicating that at least one functional and structurally intact copy of the regenerated NPT II gene is integrated into the host genome.
A public key extension to the Common Cryptographic Architecture (1993)

A new method for extending the IBM Common Cryptographic Architecture (CCA) to include public key cryptography is presented. The public key extension provides nonrepudiation via digital signatures and an electronic means to distribute Data Encryption Algorithm (DEA) key-encrypting keys in a hybrid Data Encryption Algorithm-Public Key Algorithm (DEA-PKA) cryptographic system. The improvements are based on a novel method for extending the control vector concept used in the IBM Common Cryptographic Architecture. Four new key types that separate the public and private key pairs into four classes according to their broad uses within the cryptographic system are defined. The public key extension to the CCA is implemented in the IBM Transaction Security System (TSS). This paper discusses both the public key extension to the CCA and the TSS implementation of this architectural extension.
Cytotoxic, Hypoglycemic Activity And Phytochemical Analysis Of Rubus Imperialis (Rosaceae) (2002)

Rubus imperialis, Artemia salina, 3-O-methylellagic-4'-O-alpha-rhamnose Acid Screening of different extracts, fractions and compounds from Rubus imperialis Chum. Schl. (Rosaceae) has been conduced using the brine shrimp microwell cytotoxicity assay. Three parts of the plant (methanolic extract from leaves, roots and stems), three fractions from roots (hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol) and three isolated compounds (niga-ichigoside F1, 23-hydroxytormentic acid, ellagic acid derivative) were tested. The most promising material (LC50 <1000 microg/ml) were the methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from roots. However, there was little correlation observed in the degree of toxicities observed between the isolated compounds. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity and in vivo assays confirmed the hypoglycemic activity of methanolic extract and validated the Brazilian popular use of R. imperialis as an antidiabetic agent.
Photo-assisted electrodeposition of cobalt–phosphate (Co–Pi) catalyst on hematite photoanodes for solar water oxidation (2011)

A photo-assisted electrodeposition approach was used to deposit a cobalt–phosphate water oxidation catalyst (“Co–Pi”) onto recently improved dendritic mesostructures of α-Fe2O3. A comparison between this approach, electrodeposition of Co–Pi, and Co2+ wet impregnation showed that photo-assisted electrodeposition of Co–Pi yields superior α-Fe2O3 photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Stable photocurrent densities of 1.0 mA cm−2 at 1.0 V and 2.8 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE measured under standard illumination and basic conditions were achieved. By allowing deposition only where visible light generates oxidizing equivalents, photo-assisted electrodeposition provides a more uniform distribution of Co–Pi onto α-Fe2O3 than obtained by electrodeposition. This approach of fabricating catalyst-modified metal-oxide photoelectrodes may be attractive for optimization in conjunction with tandem or hybrid photoelectrochemical cells.
Acute inflammation alters bicarbonate transport in mouse ileum (2007)

T-cell mediated acute inflammation of the ileum may occur during Crohn's disease exacerbations. During ileal inflammation, absorption of nutrients and electrolytes by villus cells is decreased with a concomitant increase in crypt and/or villus fluid secretion. These alterations lead to fluid accumulation and the subsequent diarrhoea. Net intestinal fluid secretion consists of HCO3--rich plasma-like fluid. However, the regulation and mechanisms of HCO3- secretion in normal and acutely inflamed ileum are not clearly understood. To study this phenomenon, anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb)- induced in vivo ileal inflammatory mouse models was used for in vitro functional studies with Ussing chamber and pH stat techniques. Three hours after anti-CD3 mAb injection, ileal mucosa stripped of muscular and serosal layers showed a significant increase in short circuit current (Isc) (0.58+/-0.07 microEq h(-1) cm2 versus 1.63+/-0.14 microEq h(-1) cm2). The cAMP-stimulated Isc component was sensitive to glibenclamide but not to DIDS, suggesting that a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr)-mediated anion conductance was responsible. Basal Cl--dependent HCO3- secretion, measured using a pH stat technique, was decreased significantly in anti-CD3-injected mice, with a simultaneous increase in Cl--independent HCO3- secretion that was also inhibited by glibenclamide. Experiments using Cftr-/- mice showed neither an increase in Isc nor an increase in HCO3- secretion, confirming the role for Cftr protein in stimulating anion secretion following anti-CD3 treatment. Western blot analysis indicated that Cftr protein levels were unaltered by anti-CD3 treatment, at least acutely. Finally, an immunoassay for cAMP showed significant increases in intracellular cAMP in villus cells, but not in crypt cells. These studies therefore suggest a shift from a predominantly electroneutral Cl-HCO3- exchange in normal mice, to a predominantly electrogenic anion secretion including HCO3- that occurs via functional Cftr during anti-CD3-mediated acute inflammation.
Comparison of TTS-fentanyl with sustained-release oral morphine in the treatment of patients not using opioids for mild-to-moderate pain (2003)

These data indicate that TTS-fentanyl, when used as an opioid of first choice in the treatment of cancer-related pain, is as effective as, but better tolerated than, SRM, including in opioid-naïve patients.
What makes a blood cell based miRNA expression pattern disease specific? - A miRNome analysis of blood cell subsets in lung cancer patients and healthy controls (2014)

There is evidence of blood-borne miRNA signatures for various human diseases. To dissect the origin of disease-specific miRNA expression in human blood, we separately analyzed the miRNome of different immune cell subtypes, each in lung cancer patients and healthy individuals. Each immune cell type revealed a specific miRNA expression pattern also dependinging on the cell origin, line of defense, and function. The overall expression pattern of each leukocyte subtype showed great similarities between patients and controls. However, for each cell subtype we identified miRNAs that were deregulated in lung cancer patients including hsa-miR-21, a well-known oncomiR associated with poor lung cancer prognosis that was up-regulated in all leukocyte subtype comparisons of cancer versus controls. While the miRNome of cells of the adaptive immune system allowed only a weak separation between patients and controls, cells of the innate immune system allowed perfect or nearly perfect classification. Leukocytes of lung cancer patients show a cancer-specific miRNA expression profile. Our data also show that cancer specific miRNA expression pattern of whole blood samples are not determined by a single cell type. The data indicate that additional blood components, like erythrocytes, platelets, or exosomes might contribute to the disease specificity of a miRNA signature.