gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conductive ink based page detection for linking digital and physical pages (2001)

This paper describes a working prototype of a page detection system for paper stacks, the kind that would be used in digital paper applications. Polymer conductive ink is applied and embossed on the back of each page in a way that causes the resistance of the ink to change when the paper is bent, making a resistive strain guage. In use, a detector circuit identifies the active page by noting the highest page in the stack not exhibiting a resistance change. In volume, this method provides an inexpensive, simple solution to page detection. The person uses the paper pad naturally, not needing to tell the system when a new page is being viewed. With this technology the physical world meets the digital domain in a smooth and transparent manner for the user.
Involvement of cysteine residues in the biological activity of the active fragments of guinea pig neutrophil cationic peptides (1995)

Guinea pig neutrophil cationic peptides (GNCPs) are single-chain polypeptides with 31 amino acid residues containing six cysteine residues, which exhibit both antibacterial and histamine-releasing activities in vitro. In this study, the role of the sulfhydryl groups in defining the antibacterial and histamine-releasing activities of the active fragments of GNCP-1 (Arg-1 to Tyr-14 [Arg-1-Tyr-14] and Arg-15-Tyr-27 peptides) was examined by using peptides containing alkylated or nonalkylated sulfhydryl groups. Alkylation slightly increased the histamine-releasing activity of the Arg-15-Tyr-27 (RRLGTCIFQNRVY) peptide but abrogated the antibacterial activity. Alkylation of the Arg-1-Tyr-14 (RRCICTTRTCRFPY) peptide similarly reduced the antibacterial activity of this fragment but had minimal effect on the histamine-releasing activity. These findings suggest that cysteine residues with free sulfhydryl groups play an important role in the expression of the antibacterial activity of the active fragments of GNCP-1.
Principles and Applications of Computer Graphics in Medicine (2006)

Abstract The medical domain provides excellent opportunities for the application of computer graphics, visualization and virtual environments, with the potential to help improve healthcare and bring benefits to patients. This survey paper provides a comprehensive overview of the state‐of‐the‐art in this exciting field. It has been written from the perspective of both computer scientists and practising clinicians and documents past and current successes together with the challenges that lie ahead. The article begins with a description of the software algorithms and techniques that allow visualization of and interaction with medical data. Example applications from research projects and commercially available products are listed, including educational tools; diagnostic aids; virtual endoscopy; planning aids; guidance aids; skills training; computer augmented reality and use of high performance computing. The final section of the paper summarizes the current issues and looks ahead to future developments.
A fault-tolerant addressable spin qubit in a natural silicon quantum dot (2016)

Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires high-fidelity qubits. This has been achieved in various solid-state systems, including isotopically purified silicon, but is yet to be accomplished in industry-standard natural (unpurified) silicon, mainly as a result of the dephasing caused by residual nuclear spins. This high fidelity can be achieved by speeding up the qubit operation and/or prolonging the dephasing time, that is, increasing the Rabi oscillation quality factor Q (the Rabi oscillation decay time divided by the π rotation time). In isotopically purified silicon quantum dots, only the second approach has been used, leaving the qubit operation slow. We apply the first approach to demonstrate an addressable fault-tolerant qubit using a natural silicon double quantum dot with a micromagnet that is optimally designed for fast spin control. This optimized design allows access to Rabi frequencies up to 35 MHz, which is two orders of magnitude greater than that achieved in previous studies. We find the optimum Q = 140 in such high-frequency range at a Rabi frequency of 10 MHz. This leads to a qubit fidelity of 99.6% measured via randomized benchmarking, which is the highest reported for natural silicon qubits and comparable to that obtained in isotopically purified silicon quantum dot-based qubits. This result can inspire contributions to quantum computing from industrial communities.
The Structure of the Colourant/Pigment, Carmine Derived from Carminic Acid (2009)

The colourant/pigment carmine synthesised from carminic acid and calcium and aluminium acetates has been examined chemically and spectroscopically to determine its structure. As with alizarin, it appears probable that the material is a tetramer but composed of four carminic acid units with aluminium involved with the 5,6-dioxy groups in five-membered rings and calcium chelated with the 10-carbonyl group of the anthraquinone system.
Cascade OFF–ON–OFF fluorescent probe: dual detection of trivalent ions and phosphate ions (2014)

A new rhodamine B-based fluorescent probe was developed for the selective cascade signaling of trivalent cations (Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>, Cr<sup>3+</sup>) and phosphate anion (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>).
Sequence, annotation, and analysis of synteny between rice chromosome 3 and diverged grass species (2005)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) chromosome 3 is evolutionarily conserved across the cultivated cereals and shares large blocks of synteny with maize and sorghum, which diverged from rice more than 50 million years ago. To begin to completely understand this chromosome, we sequenced, finished, and annotated 36.1 Mb ( approximately 97%) from O. sativa subsp. japonica cv Nipponbare. Annotation features of the chromosome include 5915 genes, of which 913 are related to transposable elements. A putative function could be assigned to 3064 genes, with another 757 genes annotated as expressed, leaving 2094 that encode hypothetical proteins. Similarity searches against the proteome of Arabidopsis thaliana revealed putative homologs for 67% of the chromosome 3 proteins. Further searches of a nonredundant amino acid database, the Pfam domain database, plant Expressed Sequence Tags, and genomic assemblies from sorghum and maize revealed only 853 nontransposable element related proteins from chromosome 3 that lacked similarity to other known sequences. Interestingly, 426 of these have a paralog within the rice genome. A comparative physical map of the wild progenitor species, Oryza nivara, with japonica chromosome 3 revealed a high degree of sequence identity and synteny between these two species, which diverged approximately 10,000 years ago. Although no major rearrangements were detected, the deduced size of the O. nivara chromosome 3 was 21% smaller than that of japonica. Synteny between rice and other cereals using an integrated maize physical map and wheat genetic map was strikingly high, further supporting the use of rice and, in particular, chromosome 3, as a model for comparative studies among the cereals.
Inhibition of peptide bond formation by pleuromutilins: the structure of the 50S ribosomal subunit from <i>Deinococcus radiodurans</i> in complex with tiamulin (2004)

Tiamulin, a prominent member of the pleuromutilin class of antibiotics, is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in bacteria. Up to now the effect of pleuromutilins on the ribosome has not been determined on a molecular level. The 3.5 A structure of the 50S ribosomal subunit from Deinococcus radiodurans in complex with tiamulin provides for the first time a detailed picture of its interactions with the 23S rRNA, thus explaining the molecular mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of the pleuromutilin class of antibiotics. Our results show that tiamulin is located within the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) of the 50S ribosomal subunit with its tricyclic mutilin core positioned in a tight pocket at the A-tRNA binding site. Also, the extension, which protrudes from its mutilin core, partially overlaps with the P-tRNA binding site. Thereby, tiamulin directly inhibits peptide bond formation. Comparison of the tiamulin binding site with other PTC targeting drugs, like chloramphenicol, clindamycin and streptogramins, may facilitate the design of modified or hybridized drugs that extend the applicability of this class of antibiotics.
Cardiomyocyte Production in Mass Suspension Culture: Embryonic Stem Cells as a Source for Great Amounts of Functional Cardiomyocytes (2008)

Exploiting embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived cardiomyocytes as a vital source for cell therapies and tissue engineering will depend on robust, large-scale production processes. Recently, we have reported stirring-controlled formation of embryoid bodies, enabling the generation of pure cardiomyocytes in 2-L scale. Expansion and differentiation of genetically engineered mouse ESCs was followed by antibiotic-based cardiomyocyte enrichment. Here we have investigated modification of various parameters aiming at process optimization in a 250-mL spinner flask system. Duration of the differentiation phase, timing of retinoic acid addition, and a slower medium exchange rate were found to be crucial to enhancing cardiomyocyte yield. Improved process conditions were consequently transferred to a 2-L controlled bioreactor. Employing a manual fill-and-draw medium change resulted in the formation of 0.86 x 10(9) cardiomyocytes in a single 2-L batch, thereby reproducing our previous findings. In contrast, an automated perfusion-based strategy enabled the production of 4.6 x 10(9) cardiomyocytes in a single run. This is significantly higher than previously reported and highlights the enormous process optimization potential in the scalable generation of ESC-derived cell lineages.
Cell‐cycle‐dependent cortical localization of pEg3 protein kinase in <i>Xenopus</i> and human cells (2006)

pEg3 is localized at the cell periphery specifically during mitosis. The C-terminal domain is the only pEg3 domain found to be necessary and sufficient for cortical targeting. Cortical distribution of pEg3 also requires the F-actin cytoskeleton. The cell-cycle-independent cortical localization of the pEg3 C-terminal domain and a construct lacking the N-terminal domain indicates that a negative control mechanism involving the pEg3 catalytic N-terminal domain probably acts to prevent pEg3 cortical distribution during interphase. These results suggest that pEg3 might play a role at the cell cortex during mitosis.
Progression of HIV Infection Is Associated with HLA-DQ Antigens in Caucasians and African Americans (1995)

In our previous work with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, African Americans (Afr Ams) and Caucasians (Caucs) exhibited HLA markers that were associated with protection or disease. The present study was designed to establish if HLAs were associated with the severity of HIV infection and progression to AIDS in Afr Am and Cauc adults. The frequency of serologically determined antigens (Ags) in the regional control population was compared to the HIV-infected population and the HIV-infected slow progressors were compared to rapid progressors by race. chi 2 analysis with Bonferroni adjustment, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, linear logistic regression, Cox model of proportional hazards and standardized deltas were applied as applicable. Immune parameters were monitored over a mean follow-up period of 23 +/- 2 months for Afr Ams (n = 35) and 25 +/- 5 months for Caucs (n = 24). A better prognosis in the HIV+Afr Am group was associated with HLA-DQ1 with a risk ratio of 0.295. In the HIV+Cauc group, a preferable prognosis was associated with HLA-DQ3 with a risk ratio of 0.11, and a poor prognosis was associated with HLA-DQ2 with a risk ratio of 7. Afr Am haplotypes that appeared to have the greatest association with rapid progression of HIV infection were A69(28)-B40 and related haplotypes as well as B12-DR14(6). Cauc haplotypes with the strongest association with rapid and slow progression of HIV infection were A28-B17-DR9 and A30(19)-B67, respectively. The DR Ags of at least one haplotype that led to rapid progression in both races were associated with DQ9(3). An 'immune response' gene (DQ region) may control the progression of HIV infection in adults. The rapidly progressive DQ-associated peptide might block the progression of HIV if given as a novel vaccine.
Electrical Conduction in Silicon Carbide (1957)

Commercial is a semiconductor that can be prepared as predominantly n‐ or p‐type at will. The body conductivity is linear and determines the behavior of heating elements, which are usually made from n‐type. The interfacial conductivity is much lower, nonlinear, and is exploited in lightning arresters, which are made from p‐type. While the electrical behavior of this material is poorly understood in detail, the broad outlines are summarized in terms of semiconductor theory.
Modelling of induction machines for electric drives (1989)

The author presents several linear and nonlinear models suitable for transient and steady-state analyses of induction machine drives. The models are presented in equivalent circuit form to preserve the identity of nonlinear parameters. The circuits, designated as Gamma or inverse Gamma form, are simpler than the conventional T-form circuit. Their parameters are readily determined from terminal measurements. The major effects of magnetic nonlinearity are included in the models in a way that is more accurate than that usually obtained with the conventional T-form circuits. Modeling of time harmonics is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication and evaluation of a dimension-reduction fiberoptic system for chemical imaging applications (1999)

A novel system for rapid chemical imaging is described and evaluated. The system operates via single-frame spectroscopic chemical imaging with high spectroscopic resolution using a second-generation dimension-reduction fiberoptic array. Images are focused onto a rectangular array of square close-packed 25 μm cross-sectional f/2 optical fibers that are drawn into a linear distal array with serpentine ordering. The distal end is then imaged with an f/2 spectrograph equipped with a holographic grating and a gated intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera for analysis. Software is used to extract the spatial/spectral information contained in a single ICCD image and deconvolute it into wavelength-specific univariate reconstructed images or position-specific spectra that span an 86 nm wavelength space using our present grating. A description of the fabrication of the dimension-reduction array is given as well as a zero-order reconstruction of a binary target and single-wavelength image reconstructions of a laser-induced plasma. The system is evaluated for spatial and spectral resolution, throughput, image brightness, resolving power, depth of focus, and channel cross talk. Treatment of the spectroscopic data obtained from the ICCD images for use in potential chemical imaging applications is discussed.
Three-state, steady-state Ising systems: Monte Carlo and Bragg-Williams treatments (1981)

In two earlier papers, the steady-state critical and phase-transition properties of a lattice of three-state enzyme molecules were studied by using the "closed" Bragg-Williams (BW), or mean field, approximation. The "open" BW and Monte Carlo methods are applied to the same problem in this paper by using finite lattices. The open BW treatment provides a way of locating the cut across a van der Waals type of loop encountered in a phase transition in the closed BW system. Thermodynamic-like methods cannot be used for this purpose as they can with two-state, steady-state systems.
Long-Acting Anti-HIV Drugs Targeting HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase (2019)

One of the major factors contributing to HIV-1 drug resistance is suboptimal adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Currently, recommended cART for HIV-1 treatment is a three-drug combination, whereas the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimens consist of one or two antivirals. Treatment regimens require adherence to a once or twice (in a subset of patients) daily dose. Long-acting formulations such as injections administered monthly could improve adherence and convenience, and thereby have potential to enhance the chances of expected outcomes, although long-lasting drug concentrations can also contribute to clinical issues like adverse events and development of drug resistance. Globally, two long-acting antivirals have been approved, and fifteen are in clinical trials. More than half of investigational long-acting antivirals target HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) and/or integrase (HIV-1 IN). Here, we discuss the status and potential of long-acting inhibitors, including rilpivirine (RPV), dapivirine (DPV), and 4-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2-deoxyadenosine (EFdA; also known as MK-8591), which target RT, and cabotegravir (CAB), which targets IN. The outcomes of various clinical trials appear quite satisfactory, and the future of long-acting HIV-1 regimens appears bright.
Poly(vinylidene chloride)-Based Carbon with Ultrahigh Microporosity and Outstanding Performance for CH<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> Storage and CO<sub>2</sub> Capture (2014)

Poly(vinylidene chloride)-based carbon (PC) with ultrahigh microporisity was prepared by simple carbonization and KOH activation, exhibiting great potential to be superior CO2, CH4, and H2 adsorbent at high pressures. The CO2 uptake for pristine PC is highly up to 3.97 mmol/g at 25 °C and 1 bar while the activated PC exhibits a slightly lower uptake at 1 bar. However, the activated PC has an outstanding CO2 uptake of up to 18.27 mmol/g at 25 °C and 20 bar. Gas uptakes at high pressures are proportional to the surface areas of carbons. The CH4 uptake for the activated PC is up to 10.25 mmol/g (16.4 wt % or 147 v/v) at 25 °C and 20 bar which is in a top-ranked uptake for large surface area carbons. Furthermore, H2 uptake on the activated PC reaches 4.85 wt % at -196 °C and 20 bar. Significantly, an exceptionally large H2 storage capacity of up to 2.43 wt % at 1 bar was obtained, which is among the largest value reported to date for any porous adsorbents, to the best of our knowledge. The ease of preparation and large capture capacities endow this kind of carbon attractive as promising adsorbent for CH4, H2, and CO2 storage.
A mixed generative-discriminative framework for pedestrian classification (2008)

This paper presents a novel approach to pedestrian classification which involves utilizing the synthesized virtual samples of a learned generative model to enhance the classification performance of a discriminative model. Our generative model captures prior knowledge about the pedestrian class in terms of a number of probabilistic shape and texture models, each attuned to a particular pedestrian pose. Active learning provides the link between the generative and discriminative model, in the sense that the former is selectively sampled such that the training process is guided towards the most informative samples of the latter. In large-scale experiments on real-world datasets of tens of thousands of samples, we demonstrate a significant improvement in classification performance of the combined generative-discriminative approach over the discriminative-only approach (the latter exemplified by a neural network with local receptive fields and a support vector machine using Haar wavelet features).
Trends and Characteristics in China’s Industrial Sectors ––Analysis Based on the Gm (1, 1) Model with the Seventh Weakness Operator (2011)

This paper measured the influence and induction coefficients of the main industrial sectors of China in 1987, 1992, 1997 and 2002, based on the input-output tables of the four years, using the input-output methods, and discovered those sectors that have the strongest pulling or supporting effects in favor of national economic growth. The GM (1, 1) model with the seventh weakness operator was then applied to analyze the trends and characteristics in those sectors that predictably have the strongest pulling or supporting effects for economic growth in 2007, 2012, 2017 and 2022. In particular, the current study shows that, as those sectors of the strongest supporting effects are typically the greatest waste producers and environmental threats, China must establish the industrial chains with such sectors, which may serve as an avenue to circular economy. Key words: Influence coefficient; Induction coefficient; Pulling effect; Supporting effect; GM (1, 1) model
Applications of edge-bonded transducers to SAW components (1976)

Various applications of the EBT to acoustic devices are reported. First we describe the operation of these transducers in the case of Rayleigh waves. Then we report the results we have obtained in the fabrication of: 1) a piezo-MOSFET programmable filter with a bit rate reaching 50 MHz; 2) a Love wave-dispersive delay line with a 240 compression ratio; 3) a fused silica reflective array compressor exhibiting a 30-µs dispersion over a 60-MHz bandwidth around 100 MHz and a 24-dB total insertion loss.
An improved back-EMF based initial rotor position estimation for IPMSM (2011)

This paper proposes a simple initial rotor position estimation method to improve the starting performance for back EMF-based sensorless control. The proposed estimation is achieved at standstill by using the relative magnitudes of the current which is in inverse proportion to the variation of the inductance of stator winding due to saliency of the rotor. This initial rotor position estimation method is easy to be implemented with back EMF-based sensorless control and can help to successfully startup without start failures or reverse rotating and makes the estimation procedure quicker and easier than other conventional method using saturation of the current by the inductance, and doesn't require any other external devices and is not affrected by motor parameters. The validity of the proposed initial rotor position estimation is demonstrated by experiment.
Tailoring the Structure of Nanopyramids for Optimal Heat Generation (2009)

This paper investigates how structural features of noble metal nanoparticles affect their photothermal properties. Using PEEL, we fabricated a range of Au nanopyramid-like particles with surface plasmon resonances tunable from visible to near-infrared wavelengths. By systematically varying geometric parameters including size, shell thickness, and presence or absence of tips, we determined which factors were most important in heat generation. For solutions with the same Au content, we discovered that pyramidal particles with thin shells and having sharp tips showed the largest photothermal response.