gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suprapubic Cystostomy Catheterization in Open-Heart Surgery (1984)

Monitoring of the urinary output is mandatory during open-heart surgery and in the immediate postoperative period. During 1980-81 we noticed an alarming rise in the number of post-catheterization urethral strictures affecting men who had undergone open-heart surgery. To avoid this serious complication, we switched from conventional urethral catheterization to suprapubic cystostomy for these patients. The first 93 cases with suprapubic drainage have now been analysed as regards the advantages and complications of this technique. The advantages were clear: The patients were satisfied with the method and no urethral strictures developed. The only side effect was haematuria, which in 9 cases led to occlusion of the catheter and required extraneous maneouvres. Suprapubic cystostomy thus seems to be a good alternative to conventional urethral catheterization in open-heart surgery. The possible causes of the urethral complications in this particular group of patients also are discussed.
Modulating Fibroblast Cell Proliferation with Functionalized Poly(methyl methacrylate) Based Copolymers: Chemical Composition and Monomer Distribution Effect (2001)

Poly(methyl methacrylate)-based terpolymers bearing sulfonate and carboxylate groups have been synthesized by radical copolymerization leading to polymers with random distributions of ionic monomer units. Fibroblast cells were seeded on terpolymers of various molar compositions of ionic groups. Kinetics of the cell proliferation were examined and systematically compared to the nonfunctionalized control polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate). Modulation of cell proliferation was observed on 15% ionic monomer content copolymers of various compositions (R = COO(-)/(COO(-) + SO(3)(-)) and varies from 0 to 1). The inhibition percentage of cell proliferation calculated for each polymer by comparison to the cell proliferation on the control was plotted against R and gave a maximum value for R close to 0.55. Copolymers with ionic group contents higher or lower than 15% exhibit inhibition percentages fitting with those previously observed for the same R values, showing that the hydrophilic properties are not sufficient to explain the modulation effect of this material toward cells. Moreover, for each polymer tested, cells, even if inhibited in growth, were shown to be viable, indicating that the synthesized terpolymers exhibit cytostatic properties excluding any cytotoxic effect. Such polymers may be used for the fabrication of biocompatible intraocular lenses and prevent secondary cataract.
Modification of a laser recording beam for image quality improvement (1987)

The image quality of a discretely reconstructed image depends directly on the pixel exposure profile of thediscrete image recorder. By minimizing the mean- square error (MSE) of the recorded signal, optimum intensity and exposure profiles can be derived. This paper develops a method based on minimum MSE for determining the optimal exposure profile for an assumed sampling lattice and analog signal spectrum, and determines a physically realizable approximation to this profile by amplitude phase modification of the source-amplitude distribution.
Oxidative Stress in Arterial Hypertension (2001)

Increased vascular reactive oxygen species production, especially superoxide anion, contributes significantly in the functional and structural alterations present in hypertension. An enhanced superoxide production causes a diminished NO bioavailability by an oxidative reaction that inactivates NO. Exaggerated superoxide levels and a low NO bioavailability lead to endothelial dysfunction and hypertrophy of vascular cells. It has been shown that the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase plays a major role as the most important source of superoxide anion in vascular cells. Several experimental observations have shown an enhanced superoxide generation as a result of the activation of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase in hypertension. Although this enzyme responds to stimuli such as vasoactive factors, growth factors, and cytokines, some recent data suggest the existence of a genetic background modulating the expression of its different components. New polymorphisms have been identified in the promoter of the p22(phox) gene, an essential subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase, influencing the activity of this enzyme. Genetic investigations of these polymorphisms will provide novel markers for determination of genetic susceptibility to oxidative stress in hypertension.
Quantitative visualization of ChIP-chip data by using linked views (2010)

Most analyses of ChIP-chip in vivo DNA binding have focused on qualitative descriptions of whether genomic regions are bound or not. There is increasing evidence, however, that factors bind in a highly overlapping manner to the same genomic regions and that it is quantitative differences in occupancy on these commonly bound regions that are the critical determinants of the different biological specificity of factors. As a result, it is critical to have a tool to facilitate the quantitative visualization of differences between transcription factors and the genomic regions they bind to understand each factor's unique roles in the network. We have developed a framework which combines several visualizations via brushing-and-linking to allow the user to interactively analyze and explore in vivo DNA binding data of multiple transcription factors. We describe these visualization types and also provide a discussion of biological examples in this paper.
Synthesis of two Rigid Diacylglycerol Analogues Having a 1,7-Dioxasjuro[4.4]nonane Bis-γ-butyrolactone Skeleton.4.<sup>1</sup> (1994)

The stereoselective synthesis of two new bis-γ-butyrolactones, constructed on a dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane template, was efficiently completed in 11 steps from L-xylose. One of two isomers (2a) showed good binding affinity towards protein kinase C.
Medical Image Segmentation based on U-Net: A Review (2020)

Medical image analysis is performed by analyzing images obtained by medical imaging systems to solve clinical problems. The purpose is to extract effective information and improve the level of clinical diagnosis. In recent years, automatic segmentation based on deep learning (DL) methods has been widely used, where a neural network can automatically learn image features, which is in sharp contrast with the traditional manual learning method. U-net is one of the most important semantic segmentation frameworks for a convolutional neural network (CNN). It is widely used in the medical image analysis domain for lesion segmentation, anatomical segmentation, and classification. The advantage of this network framework is that it can not only accurately segment the desired feature target and effectively process and objectively evaluate medical images but also help to improve accuracy in the diagnosis by medical images. Therefore, this article presents a literature review of medical image segmentation based on U-net, focusing on the successful segmentation experience of U-net for different lesion regions in six medical imaging systems. Along with the latest advances in DL, this article introduces the method of combining the original U-net architecture with deep learning and a method for improving the U-net network.
Rearrangement of the p53 gene in human osteogenic sarcomas. (1987)

p53 is a 53-kDa nuclear protein that is associated with malignant transformation in several tumor model systems. In a survey of 134 human carcinomas, sarcomas, leukemias, and lymphomas obtained at surgery or from peripheral blood, we found rearrangements of the p53 gene only in osteogenic sarcomas (3 of 6 osteogenic sarcomas examined). Normal tissue from one of these patients had an unrearranged gene, indicating that the genetic abnormality in the tumor was acquired. Two of the sarcomas with rearranged genes expressed levels of p53 protein that were elevated relative to other tumors. Rearranged p53 genes were also found in human osteogenic sarcoma cell lines.
Comparison of Oxygen Permeability and Stability of Perovskite Type La<sub>0.2</sub>A<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>0.8</sub>O<sub>3-</sub><sub>δ</sub> (A = Sr, Ba, Ca) Membranes (1999)

The oxygen permeation and stability of La0.2A0.8Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (A = Sr, Ba, Ca) perovskite-type membranes were studied at high temperatures and low oxygen partial pressures. The oxygen vacancy diffusivity and concentration gradient calculated from the unsteady-state and steady-state oxygen data for the three membranes decrease in the order of Sr > Ba > Ca. The activation energies for oxygen permeation increase in the order of Sr < Ba < Ca. The oxygen permeation data of the three membranes can be explained by the average bond energy, free volume, and critical radius of the materials. After exposure to air at 1173 K for 10 h, part of La0.2Sr0.8Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ transforms to La2O3, SrO, CoO, and Fe and the crystallite size of the perovskite phase decreases. These changes were not observed for La0.2Ba0.8Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ under the same conditions, indicating that La0.2Ba0.8Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ membrane is much more stable than La0.2Sr0.8Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ at high temperatures and low oxygen partial pressures.
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION: THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE (2000)

This paper presents both current and forward-looking views of waste and waste-related problems confronted by the transportation industry. In the first of two primary sections, both commonly used and advanced ways in which governments, transportation agencies, and private industry address waste management issues today are described. In the second, the focus is on the future, and the following topics are addressed: the utilization and management of waste in the future, integrating the efficient management and minimization of waste into transportation operations and maintenance, and the statutory and regulatory changes needed to protect the public while allowing for flexible and commonsense solutions to waste management problems.
Evaluation of CdZnTe detectors for soft X-Ray applications (1994)

High resistivity CdZnTe is a very promising material for X-ray detection at room temperature or slightly below. Cooling a Cd/sub 0.8/Zn/sub 0.2/Te crystal down to -30/spl deg/C reduces the leakage current to the picoamp level, which enables the use of low-noise pulsed optical feedback instead of noisier resistive feedback preamplifiers. Also, longer shaping time constants at the linear amplifier can be used for the optimum resolution. We have obtained resolutions of 240 eV (FWHM) for the 5.9-keV /sup 55/Fe line at -40/spl deg/C and of 282 eV at -30/spl deg/C. The Fano factor for the material at -40/spl deg/C was calculated to be 0.14. These results compare well with the results obtained with peltier-cooled HgI/sub 2/ detectors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Step-recovery-diode frequency multiplier (1966)

The use of a step-recovery diode as a frequency multiplier is described. The diode is used in a shunt configuration rather than the more usual series circuit, and the result of a simplified analysis relating the basic circuit parameters is given.
Mechanistic and kinetic aspects of pentose dehydration towards furfural in aqueous media employing homogeneous catalysis (2013)

In this paper both the mechanistic and kinetic aspects of furfural formation from pentoses in aqueous acidic media have been reviewed. Based on the reviewed literature, a comprehensive reaction mechanism has been proposed consisting of more than one route, all starting from acyclic xylose, and involving alternately 1,2-enolization, β-elimination or isomerization via 1,2-hydride shift as key steps. Those studies that employ combined acid–base catalysts, soluble halide salts and trivalent cations in aqueous solutions appear to be most promising. Next, a detailed overview is presented of the results of kinetic studies on furfural formation from pentoses and furfural disappearance in aqueous acidic media. Although these results span over a very wide range of both experimental conditions and different kinetic models employed, an attempt has been made to present the published kinetic data in such a manner that it allows a global comparison. Since even in those cases where the reaction conditions seemed to be comparable, the reported kinetic constants often agree merely in the order of magnitude, thus, the validity of most of the data presented here is restricted to the specific conditions as used by each author. Additionally, a very concise overview is included of research on direct furfural production from lignocellulosic materials. In conclusion, the intricate set of reactions accompanying furfural formation from pentoses, although appearing well established in some aspects, is yet to be fully unraveled, especially with regard to the complex set of side and loss reactions seemingly involving largely unknown reaction intermediates. Such uncertainties are reflected in the contradictory kinetic models exploited and kinetic data presented in the literature, which still prevent a common and coherent interpretation.
Origin and early development of Schwann cells (1998)

Cellular events leading to the generation of Schwann cells from the neural crest have recently been clarified and it is now possible to outline a relatively simple model of the Schwann cell lineage in the rat and mouse. Neural crest cells have to undergo three main developmental transitions to become mature Schwann cells. These are the formation of Schwann cell precursors from crest cells, the formation of immature Schwann cells from precursors and, lastly, the postnatal and reversible generation of non-myelin- and myelin-forming Schwann cells. Axonal signals involving neuregulins are important regulators of these events, in particular of the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of Schwann cell precursors. Transcription factors likely to be involved in the developmental transitions are beginning to be identified. These include Oct-6, Krox-20, and Pax-3 but also members of the basic helix-loop-helix family, Sox 10, and the cAMP response element binding protein CREB.
A fast encoding algorithm for vector quantization (1997)

In this letter, we present a fast encoding algorithm for vector quantization that uses two characteristics of a vector, mean, and variance. Although a similar method using these features was already proposed, it handles these features separately, On the other hand, the proposed algorithm utilizes these features simultaneously to save computation time all the more. Since the proposed algorithm rejects those codewords that are impossible to be the nearest codeword, it produces the same output as the conventional full search algorithm. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Effects of Guar Gum and Fructooligosaccharides on Plasma Lipids and Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Adult Mice. (1997)

The effects of fructooligosaccharides added to guar gum on plasma lipids and cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice were studied. Male Crj:CD-1 (ICR) mice were fed an MF diet for 34 weeks, and then the MF diet was replaced with a semisynthetic diet supplemented with 5% guar gum or 5% guar gum plus 3% fructooligosaccharides. The mice fed the guar gum or guar gum-fructooligosaccharide diet for 3 weeks. There was no significant difference in cecal bacterial counts or cecal content between the two diet groups. There was, however, a significant difference in their plasma triglyceride concentrations. The plasma triglyceride concentration was significantly lower in the mice fed the guar gum diet than in those fed the guar gum-fructooligosaccharide diet. However, no significant difference in plasma total cholesterol concentration was noted between the two diet groups. The butyric acid concentration in the guar gum group was significantly higher than that in the guar gum-fructooligosaccharide group. No significant difference in propionic acid or acetic acid concentration was noted between the groups. The difference in the plasma triglyceride concentration between the guar gum and guar gum plus fructooligosaccharide groups might be related to a difference in floral metabolism, floral composition, or both.
Hard magnetic FePt nanoparticles by salt-matrix annealing (2006)

To transfer face-centered-cubic (fcc) FePt nanoparticles to the face-centered-tetragonal (fct) phase with high magnetic anisotropy, heat treatments are necessary. The heat treatments lead to agglomeration and sintering of the nanoparticles. To prevent the particles from sintering, salts as the separating media (matrix) have been used for annealing the nanoparticles in our experiments. The fcc nanoparticles produced by chemical synthesis were mixed with NaCl powders. The mixture was then annealed in forming gas (93%H2+7%Ar) in different conditions to complete the fcc to fct phase transition. After the annealing, the salt was washed out by water and monodisperse fct FePt nanoparticles were obtained. Detailed studies on the effect of the NaCl-to-FePt weight ratios (from 1:1 to 400:1) have been performed. It was found that a suitable NaCl-to-FePt ratio is the key to obtain monodisperse fct FePt nanoparticles. A higher NaCl-to-FePt ratio is needed for larger particles when the annealing conditions are the same. Increased annealing temperature and time should be accompanied by a higher NaCl-to-FePt ratio. Magnetic measurements show very high coercivity (up to 30 kOe) of the monodispersed fct nanoparticles by the salt-matrix annealing.
Rational and convergent learning in stochastic games (2001)

This paper investigates the problem of policy learning in multiagent environments using the stochastic game framework, which we briefly overview. We introduce two properties as desirable for a learning agent when in the presence of other learning agents, namely rationality and convergence. We examine existing reinforcement learning algorithms according to these two properties and notice that they fail to simultaneously meet both criteria. We then contribute a new learning algorithm, WoLF policy hillclimbing, that is based on a simple principle: &quot;learn quickly while losing, slowly while winning.&quot; The algorithm is proven to be rational and we present empirical results for a number of stochastic games showing the algorithm converges. 1
HippogriffDB (2016)

As data sets grow and conventional processor performance scaling slows, data analytics move towards heterogeneous architectures that incorporate hardware accelerators (notably GPUs) to continue scaling performance. However, existing GPU-based databases fail to deal with big data applications efficiently: their execution model suffers from scalability limitations on GPUs whose memory capacity is limited; existing systems fail to consider the discrepancy between fast GPUs and slow storage, which can counteract the benefit of GPU accelerators. In this paper, we propose HippogriffDB, an efficient, scalable GPU-accelerated OLAP system. It tackles the bandwidth discrepancy using compression and an optimized data transfer path. HippogriffDB stores tables in a compressed format and uses the GPU for decompression, trading GPU cycles for the improved I/O bandwidth. To improve the data transfer efficiency, HippogriffDB introduces a peer-to-peer, multi-threaded data transfer mechanism, directly transferring data from the SSD to the GPU. HippogriffDB adopts a query-over-block execution model that provides scalability using a stream-based approach. The model improves kernel efficiency with the operator fusion and double buffering mechanism. We have implemented HippogriffDB using an NVMe SSD, which talks directly to a commercial GPU. Results on two popular benchmarks demonstrate its scalability and efficiency. HippogriffDB outperforms existing GPU-based databases (YDB) and in-memory data analytics (MonetDB) by 1-2 orders of magnitude.
Cylindrical geometry: a further step in active microwave tomography (1991)

A prototype imaging system for active microwave tomography using cylindrical geometry has been developed, making it possible to obtain images of the dielectric properties of biological targets at 2.45 GHz. This configuration allows a fast exploration of body slices placed along the array axis, in a way similar to that of present X-ray scanners. The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of this approach is critical because the strongly attenuated received fields are measured on the same array which is being used to emit a high-level illuminating signal. Therefore, carefully designed high-frequency architectures and detection techniques are necessary. The system requires no mechanical movements to illuminate the body from multiple directions (views) and measure the scattered fields. In this way, a complete data set consisting of 64 views is acquired in 3 s using low-power illumination. The system is described, and images obtained with biological phantoms and actual bodies are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polycarbonates from Sugars:  Ring-Opening Polymerization of 1,2-<i>O</i>-Isopropylidene-<scp>d</scp>-Xylofuranose-3,5- Cyclic Carbonate (IPXTC) (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTPolycarbonates from Sugars: Ring-Opening Polymerization of 1,2-O-Isopropylidene-d-Xylofuranose-3,5- Cyclic Carbonate (IPXTC)Youqing Shen, Xianhai Chen, and Richard A. GrossView Author Information Polytechnic University, Polymer Research Institute, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11201 Cite this: Macromolecules 1999, 32, 8, 2799–2802Publication Date (Web):March 27, 1999Publication History Received18 November 1998Revised18 February 1999Published online27 March 1999Published inissue 1 April 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma981791ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma981791grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1398Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Inorganic carbon compounds,Polymerization,Polymers,Thermoresponsive polymers Get e-Alerts