gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dinaphthopentalenes: Pentalene Derivatives for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors (2010)

Ausgedehntes π-System: Eine Nickel(0)-vermittelte Reaktion liefert Dinaphthopentalenderivate, deren elektronische und elektrochemische Eigenschaften vom Bindungsmuster abhängen. Für ein amorphes Material wurden sehr hohe Lochbeweglichkeiten beobachtet, und die Verbindungen können in organischen Solarzellen mit Heteroübergang (siehe Bild) verwendet werden. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Overview of polycapillary X-ray optics (2002)

Polycapillary optics are utilized in a wide variety of applications and are integral components in many state of the art instruments. Polycapillary optics operate by collecting X-rays and efficiently propagating them by total external reflection to form focused and parallel beams. We discuss the general parameters for designing these optics and provide specific examples on balancing the interrelations of beam flux, source size, focal spot-size, and beam divergence. The development of compact X-ray sources with characteristics tailored to match the requirements of polycapillary optics allows substantial reduction in size, weight, and power of complete X-ray systems. These compact systems have enabled the development of portable, remote, and in-line sensors for applications in industry, science and medicine. We present examples of the utility and potential of these optics for enhancing a wide variety of X-ray analyses.
The Lung Health Study: Airway Responsiveness to Inhaled Methacholine in Smokers with Mild to Moderate Airflow Limitation (1992)

As part of a multicenter clinical trial (Lung Health Study), methacholine inhalation challenge testing was performed in 5,877 current cigarette smokers, ages 35 to 59 yr (mean 48.5 +/- 6.8 yr), with borderline to moderate airflow limitation (FEV1/FVC ratio 63.0 +/- 5.5). The test was successfully completed in 96.4% of subjects, of whom 63% were male and 95.9% were white. Symptomatic reactions to methacholine were rarely severe enough to require evaluation by a trial physician. Nonspecific airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was defined as a greater than or equal to 20% decline in FEV1 from the post-diluent control value after inhalation of less than or equal to 25 mg/ml methacholine. AHR was noted in a significantly higher percentage of women (85.1%) than men (58.9%). Moreover, nearly twice as many women as men (46.6 and 23.9%, respectively) responded to less than or equal to 5 mg/ml of methacholine. In both men and women, baseline degree of airways obstruction and clinical center were strongly associated with AHR (p less than 0.001), whereas age was not. Additional associations with AHR were analyzed in men and women separately using logistic regression after adjustment for baseline lung function, age, and center-to-center differences. In men, AHR was significantly related to symptoms of wheeze, chronic cough and/or sputum, and a history of asthma or hay fever (p less than 0.004), but not to current or lifetime tobacco use. By contrast, among women, AHR was not significantly associated with chronic cough and/or phlegm (p greater than 0.05) or a past history of asthma or hay fever (p greater than 0.1) and was only weakly related to wheeze and current asthma (p = 0.04), as well as to cigarette pack-years (p = 0.044). These results indicate that most continuing smokers with functional evidence of early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have nonspecific AHR that is strongly related to gender and baseline lung function and, to a lesser extent, to respiratory symptoms. The reason for the striking effect of gender on AHR in early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is unclear but cannot be attributed to male-female differences in age, cigarette use, presence of asthma, or baseline degree of airflow obstruction.
Steam-Stable Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ZIF-90 Membrane with Hydrogen Selectivity through Covalent Functionalization (2010)

A novel covalent functionalization strategy was developed to prepare reproducible ZIF-90 molecular sieve membranes by using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a covalent linker between the ZIF-90 layer and Al(2)O(3) support via imines condensation. The ZIF-90 membranes show high thermal and hydrothermal stabilities, and they allow the separation of hydrogen from larger gases by molecular sieving.
The Effect of Chlorphenesin on the Immune Response (1969)

Summary Chlorphenesin administered jointly with sheep or chicken erythrocytes or with penicillin conjugates suppressed the antibody-producing capacity of isolated spleen cells as evaluated by the localized hemolysis in gel technique. The production of humoral antibodies was also depressed. The suppressive effect of chlorphenesin was dose-dependent and was also influenced by the concentration of the drug present in the chlorphenesin-antigen mixture. Administration of chlorphenesin before or after the antigen had little effect on the immune response. Chlorphenesin did not affect pre-existing antibodies and did not produce immunologic tolerance. The drug inhibited the immunologic responses to the antigen but nevertheless primed the animal, as evidenced by the rapid rise of antibodies after a booster injection of the antigen. Chlorphenesin was also able to suppress the tuberculin reaction in guinea pigs when administered at the time of challenge.
Identification of vehicle tracks and association to wireless endpoints by multiple sensor modalities (2013)

Vehicular positioning technologies enable a broad range of applications and services such as navigation systems, driver assistance systems and self-driving vehicles. However, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) do not work in enclosed areas such as parking garages. For these scenarios, a wide range of indoor positioning technologies are available inside the vehicle (internal) and based on infrastructure (external). Based on our previous work, we use off-the-shelf network video cameras to detect the position of moving vehicles within the parking garage in multiple non-overlapping camera views. Towards the goal of using this system as positioning source for vehicles, detected positions need to be transmitted to the communication endpoint in the correct vehicle. The key problem thereby is the association of the externally-observed position to the endpoint in the corresponding vehicle. State-of-the-art tracking-by-detection techniques can differentiate multiple camera-detected vehicles but the generated tracks are anonymous and cannot inherently be associated to the corresponding vehicle. To bridge this gap, we present a tracking-by-identification solution which analyzes vehicle movement patterns by multiple vehicle sensor modalities and compares them with camera-detected tracks to identify the track with the best correlation. The presented approach is based on Kalman Filters and suitable for real-time operation. Test results show that a correct and robust association between endpoints and camera-detected tracks is achieved and that occurring identity switches can be resolved.
Intelligent validation and routing of electronic forms in a distributed workflow environment (2002)

This paper describes a knowledge-based system for improving the efficiency of automated workflow systems by 1) ensuring the correctness and completeness of data contained on forms that are originated and transmitted electronically, and 2) generating an electronic "routing slip" that reflects who must approve the form. The system uses a form-independent validation engine and form-specific constraints to check that electronic forms are filled out correctly. If no errors are detected during validation, the system uses information on the form to generate a list of individuals and/or organizations that must approve it. The system, implemented in CLIPS and running on Macintosh computers, communicates with an off-the-shelf electronic forms package via AppleScript and can operate within the Apple Open Collaboration Environment (AOCE). The system has successfully validated and generated approval paths for approximately ten different types of forms, and is easily extended to new forms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hollow permeable polysiloxane capsules: a novel approach for fabrication, guest encapsulation and morphology studies (2004)

Hollow permeable polysiloxane capsules with diameters between 180 and 210 nm were firstly fabricated by consecutively cocondensed methyltrimethoxysilane and dimethyldimethoxysilane monomers onto polydimethylsiloxane and subsequently removing the templated polydimethylsiloxane by exposure to solvents. The morphology of the polymer particles was demonstrated by transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). One possible model was firstly proposed to gain the best illustration of the capsules. Indomethacin was originally encapsulated into the capsules using a solute-co-diffusion method.
Interaction of a fluorescent paclitaxel analog with tubulin (1995)

To study the mechanism of binding of the antitumor agent paclitaxel to microtubules and tubulin, we have synthesized a fluorescent analogue of the drug. A dimethylamino group was introduced onto the 3'-N-benzoyl group of paclitaxel. This compound was synthesized from N-debenzoylpaclitaxel and 3-(dimethylamino)benzoyl chloride in 67% yield. N-Debenzoyl-N-[3-(dimethylamino)benzoyl]-paclitaxel has activity similar to paclitaxel in inducing microtubule assembly and binds to tubulin at the paclitaxel-binding site. Under assembly conditions, binding of this paclitaxel analogue to tubulin occurs in a time-dependent manner and is accompanied by a large increase in fluorescence intensity, as well as a large blue shift in the emission maximum. In addition, evidence is presented to show that this compound also binds to tubulin in the dimeric state, but the binding affinity is much lower (Kd = 49 +/- 8 microM at 25 degrees C) than that reported for polymeric tubulin. The fluorescent paclitaxel analogue, with a high quantum yield, will be a useful tool in studying the mechanism of paclitaxel binding to tubulin and the environment of the paclitaxel-binding site on tubulin.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of immobilized quaternary ammonium salts (1994)

Abstract Quaternary ammonium salts were immobilized on hydrophilic gels based on sucrose methacrylates (SM) and tested for their antibacterial properties. The cross‐linked polymers were prepared by copolymerization of monomer–SM mixtures with 4‐vinylpyridine and subsequent quaternization with 1‐bromoctane and 1‐bromoctadecan and by esterification of SM gels with 3‐pyridine carboxylic acid chloride and quaternization. In addition, immobilized quaternary salts bonded by hydrophobic as well as by hydrophilic spacers were synthesized by esterification of SM gels with 11‐bromundecanoic acid chloride and the tetraethylene glycol‐based acid chloride 13c , respectively, and subsequent reaction of the halogen‐substituted gels with tertiary amines. Suspension tests for antibacterial properties of the immobilized bactericides against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus , and Micrococcus luteus demonstrated high activity of the quaternary salts bonded by the hydrophobic spacer. Advantageously, these insoluble bactericides can be applicated without contamination of the substrate; they can be removed easily and used repeatedly. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Simulating context-driven activity cascades in online social networks on the google exacycle platform (2014)

In this work a micro-scale generative model for simulating context-driven information cascades in online social networks is presented and analyzed. Activity cascades on online social networks are explained by the dynamic variation in the spectral radius of the sociologically derived local influence matrix. A stochastic discrete-event agent-based simulator working with synthesized graph topologies, that emulates people's behavior on online social networks is used in conjunction with time-varying local models to generate macro-level activity cascades.
Novel dielectric deposition technology for advanced interconnect with air gap (2009)

A filament-assisted chemical vapor deposition (FACVD) concept for back-end-of-line (BEOL) applications is presented. Key capabilities of this technology include low-temperature plasma-free film deposition with straightforward scalability and extendibility. Deposition mechanism and film properties are compared with conventional plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD). FACVD deposition of a decomposable polymer and a porous low-k organosilicate cap is demonstrated to build air gap structures. Other FACVD applications are also discussed.
Effects of STAT3 Gene Silencing and Rapamycin on Apoptosis in Hepatocarcinoma Cells (2012)

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways are important for regulating apoptosis, and are frequently activated in cancers. In this study, we targeted STAT3 and mTOR in human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells and examined the subsequent alterations in cellular apoptosis. The expression of STAT3 was silenced with small interfering RNA (siRNA)-expressing plasmid. The activity of mTOR was inhibited using rapamycin. Following treatment, Annexin V/propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry and Hoechst33258 immunofluorescence staining was used to examine cellular apoptosis. JC-1 staining was used to monitor depolarization of mitochondrial membrane (ΔΨm). Furthermore, the expression of activated caspase 3 protein was analyzed by Western blotting. Compared to non-treated or control siRNA-transfected cells, significantly higher levels of apoptosis were detected in siSTAT3-transfected or rapamycin-treated cells (P < 0.05), which was further enhanced in cells targeted for both molecules (P < 0.05). The pro-apoptotic effects were accompanied with concomitant depolarization of mitochondrial membrane and up-regulation of activated caspase 3. Combined treatments using rapamycin and STAT3 gene silencing significantly increases apoptosis in Bel-7402 cells, displaying more dramatic effect than any single treatment. This study provides evidence for targeting multiple molecules in cancer therapy.
On using phase data information for pipeline leak location (2008)

When using acoustic methods for pipeline leak locating, a problem that arises in practice, especially for small distances, is the correlated background noise due to the main stream. This noise overlaps with the primary source signal generated by the leak, causing errors in the estimation process. This paper proposes an algorithm based on using the phase data information, working directly with the wrapped phase sequence. Simulation results show that for a small signal-to-noise ratio, this method can lead to improved estimates. Experimental results performed on a small scale pipeline system indicate also a good performance of the proposed algorithm.
Diabetes and risk of physical disability in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2013)

Monash University, Baker IDI Bright Sparks Foundation, Australian Postgraduate Award, VicHealth, National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Research Council, Victorian Government.
Activation of Osteocalcin Transcription Involves Interaction of Protein Kinase A- and Protein Kinase C-dependent Pathways (2000)

Osteocalcin is a major noncollagenous protein component of bone extracellular matrix, synthesized and secreted exclusively by osteoblastic cells in the late stage of maturation, and is considered indicator of osteoblast differentiation. Osteocalcin expression is modulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and a variety of other factors. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway has been shown previously to have an essential role in PTH signaling and regulation of osteocalcin expression. To determine the extent to which other pathways may also participate in osteocalcin expression, we used rat and human osteoblast-like cell lines to generate stably transfected clones in which the osteocalcin promoter was fused to a luciferase reporter gene. These clones were examined for their responsiveness to agents known to activate or interfere with protein kinase A (PKA)- and protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathways. We have found that forskolin, cAMP, and PTH, as well as insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and basic fibroblast growth factor, all were effective in activating the osteocalcin promoter. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was also a strong inducer of the promoter, indicating that PKC plays a role in expression of osteocalcin. In combination with PTH or forskolin, the effect of PMA was additive to synergistic. Calphostin C, a selective inhibitor of PKC, decreased the PMA-, PTH-, and IGF-I-induced luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner; a PKA inhibitor, H-89, also blocked the induction by PTH and IGF-I but not by PMA. We conclude that regulation of osteocalcin transcription is mediated by both PKA-dependent and PKC-dependent mechanisms and that the respective kinases reside on a linear or convergent pathway.
Generalized linear mixed model for segregation distortion analysis (2011)

Not only can the method be used to detect segregation distortion loci, but also used for mapping quantitative trait loci of disease traits using case only data in humans and selected populations in plants and animals.
Polymers from renewable resources. VII: Thermal properties of the semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks composed of castor oil polyurethanes and cardanol‐furfural resin (1996)

Abstract A number of semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) were synthesized by reacting polyurethanes (prepared from castor oil and various diisocyanates) and a phenolic resin (prepared from cardanol and furfural) The physico‐chemical properties of the semi‐IPNs have been investigated. The thermogravimetric analysis of polymers was followed using a computer analysis method for assigning the kinetic mechanism. Various kinetic equations have been used to evaluate the kinetic parameters. The suggested mechanism of degradation of the semi‐IPNs is based on the kinetic parameters.
Nanostructured Iron Oxide Films Prepared by Electrochemical Method for Electrochemical Capacitors (2008)

Nanostructured iron oxides were electrodeposited anodically onto nickel substrate in aqueous solution at room temperature. Deposited films after annealing at are characterized as rhombohedral . The morphology of the porous film deposited at high current density shows nanosheets of in thickness. A film deposited at low current density has aggregates of nanorods. Electrochemical impedance results show that the film of randomly distributed nanosheets has a higher percentage of large pores than the film of aggregated nanorods. Consequently, specific capacitance of the film with nanosheets is higher than that of the film with aggregated nanorods at galvanostatic charge/discharge.
Photochemical Tuning of Plasmon Resonances in Single Gold Nanoparticles (2008)

We report on the spectrally controlled photochemical tuning of the size, shape, and localized surface plasmon resonances of individual gold nanoparticles. Single spheres, extracted from a colloidal solution, and elongated nanodiscs, fabricated by electron beam lithography, were exposed to a gold salt solution while being illuminated one by one by a focused 532-nm laser beam. The photochemical reduction of tetrachloroaureate complexes, followed by the subsequent agglomeration of gold atoms at the particle surface, lead to a well-controlled single-particle growth. This fully in situ monitored method allows us to tune the radius of single spheres as well as the aspect ratio of single ellipsoidal particles, enabling spectral control of their respective localized surface plasmon resonances.
Vital medicine Asparagus racemosus willd (2012)

Use of plants as a source of medicine has been inherited and is an important component of the health care system in India. Among these plants Asparagus racemosus is an important medicinal plant which has been used worldwide. A lot of medicinally importance attributes have been assigned to this herb. It has been used by tribes located in distinct area of India from primeval time. Key component of this herb is saponins. Recent developments in transgenic research have opened up the possibility of the metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathways to produce these high-value secondary metabolites. The present review is a pragmatic approach to accrue the findings on this very important herb.
Novel surface targets and serum biomarkers from the ovarian cancer vasculature (2011)

The molecular phenotype of tumor vasculature is different from normal vasculature, offering new opportunities for diagnosis and therapy of cancer, but the identification of tumor-restricted targets remains a challenge. We investigated 13 tumor vascular markers (TVMs) from 50 candidates identified through expression profiling of ovarian cancer vascular cells and selected to be either transmembrane or secreted, and to be either absent or expressed at low levels in normal tissues while overexpressed in tumors, based on analysis of 1,110 normal and tumor tissues from publicly available Affymetrix microarray data. Tumor-specific expression of each TVM was confirmed at the protein level in tumor tissue and/or in serum. Among the 13 TVMs, 11 were expressed on tumor vascular endothelium; the remaining 2 TVMs were expressed by tumor leukocytes. Our results demonstrate that certain transmembrane TVMs such as ADAM12 and CDCP1 are selectively expressed in tumor vasculature and represent promising targets for vascular imaging or anti-vascular therapy of epithelial ovarian cancer, while secreted or shed molecules such as TNFRSF21/DR6 can function as serum biomarkers. We have identified novel tumor-specific vasculature markers which appear promising for cancer serum diagnostics, molecular imaging and/or therapeutic targeting applications and warrant further clinical development.
Thrombocytopenia associated with liver cirrhosis and hepatitis C viral infection: role of thrombopoietin. (2001)

We conclude that low thrombopoietin production may play a role, along with hypersplenism, in the development of thrombocytopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis. Normal thrombopoietin levels exclude a defect in thrombopoietin production as a possible etiology for the thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic hepatitis C viral infection. However, a direct viral megakaryocyte infection or an immune mechanism could explain this thrombocytopenia, according to the thrombopoietin levels detected.
Gauge Transformations and Inverse Quantum Scattering with Medium-Range Magnetic Fields (2005)

The time-dependent, geometric method for high-energy limits and inverse scattering is applied to nonrelativistic quantum particles in external electromagnetic fields. Both the Schrödinger- and the Pauli equations in R² and R³ are considered. The electrostatic potential A0 shall be short-range, and the magnetic field B shall decay faster than |x | −3/2. A natural class of corresponding vector potentials A of medium range is introduced, and the decay and regularity properties of various gauges are discussed, including the transversal gauge, the Coulomb gauge, and the Griesinger vector potentials. By a suitable combination of these gauges, B need not be differentiable. The scattering operator S is not invariant under the corresponding gauge transformations, but experiences an explicit transformation. Both B and A0 are reconstructed from an X-ray transform, which is obtained from the high-energy limit of S. Here previous results by Arians and Nicoleau are generalized to the medium-range situation. In a sequel paper, medium-range vector potentials are applied to relativistic scattering.