gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restoration of low bit rate compressed images using mean field annealing (2002)

Most of the transform-based image compression techniques produce visible artifacts in the reconstructed image, particularly at low bit rates. In this paper, we propose an iterative technique to reduce the unwanted degradations such as blocking artifacts while keeping the necessary detail present in the original image. The proposed technique makes use of a priori information about the original image by using a nonstationary Gauss-Markov model. A MAP estimate is obtained iteratively using mean field annealing. A additional a priori information about the transform of the original image is incorporated into the estimation process by projecting the image onto a set defined by the quantizer at each iteration. The performance of the proposed algorithm was tested on JPEG compressed images. It is shown to be effective in removing the coding artifacts present in the low bit rate compressed images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and optimization of GaAs∕AlGaAs heterojunction infrared detectors (2004)

Design, modeling, and optimization principles for GaAs∕AlGaAs heterojunction interfacial workfunction internal photoemission (HEIWIP) infrared detectors for a broad spectral region are presented. Both n-type and p-type detectors with a single emitter or multiemitters, grown on doped and undoped substrates are considered. It is shown that the absorption, and therefore responsivity, can be increased by optimizing the device design. Both the position and the strength of the responsivity peaks can be tailored by varying device parameters such as doping and the thickness. By utilizing a resonant cavity architecture, the effect of a buffer layer on the response is discussed. Model results, which are in good agreement with the experimental results, predict an optimized design for a detector with a peak response of 9A∕W at 26μm with a zero response threshold wavelength λ0=100μm. For a λ0=15μm HEIWIP detector, background limited performance temperature (BLIP temperature), for 180° field of view (FOV) is expected around 80K. For a λ0=70μm optimized design, a highly doped n-type substrate could increase the peak detectivity from 1.7×1010to3.4×1010Jones at a FOV=180° operated at temperatures below T&lt;TBLIP=13K. Intrinsic response times on the order of picoseconds are expected for these detectors.
An Association between Atherosclerosis and Venous Thrombosis (2003)

There is an association between atherosclerotic disease and spontaneous venous thrombosis. Atherosclerosis may induce venous thrombosis, or the two conditions may share common risk factors.
Parametrization of discrete finite biorthogonal wavelets with linear phase (2002)

We present a parametrization of discrete finite biorthogonal wavelets with linear phase. Our approach is similar to Zou and Tewfik's (see IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing, vol.41, no.3, p.1428-31, 1993) for orthogonal wavelets in the way that we utilize a lattice factorization of polyphase matrices of two-channel PR filter banks. However in the biorthogonal case we are faced with the additional possibility of having length differences between the low- and high-pass filters. Our solution to this problem is the introduction of a set of initial polyphase matrices for the lattice product in order to provide the possibility of choosing a certain length difference between the two corresponding filters. This modification of the original lattice product enables us to generate a larger class of discrete wavelets in a systematic way.
Extension of the depth of field in integral imaging: an overview (2009)

Integral Imaging has emerged as one of the most promising techniques for realization of true three-dimensional imaging. One of main challenges in this road map is to increase the depth of field of integral imaging systems. We provide a technical overview of various methods for extending the depth of field in integral imaging systems along with a discussion of advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Furthermore, we address the key balance of keeping a reasonable resolution limit while extending the depth of field.
Current linkage harmonics and air-gap harmonic leakage inductance of tooth-coil permanent-magnet synchronous machines (2013)

This paper emphasizes the importance of current linkage harmonics for tooth-coil permanent magnet synchronous machines (TC-PMSMs). In the literature the importance of the current linkage harmonics for the design of TC-PMSMs has so far been underestimated. It is shown that the current linkage harmonics affect a lot the performance and efficiency of this type of machines. The torque capability and field-weakening capability strongly depend on the harmonic spectra of the current linkage waveform. Losses in a TC-PMSM are also dependent on the spectrum of the current linkage waveform of the selected slot-and-pole combination. This paper presents a thorough analysis of the influence of the current linkage harmonics on the synchronous inductance of TC-PMSMs.
Body fat mass reduction and up-regulation of uncoupling protein by novel lipolysis-promoting plant extract (2009)

We have found natural products exhibiting lipolysis-promoting activity in subcutaneous adipocytes, which are less sensitive to hormones than visceral adipocytes. The activities and a action mechanisms of a novel plant extract of Cirsium oligophyllum (CE) were investigated in isolated adipocytes from rat subcutaneous fat, and its fat-reducing effects by peroral administration and topical application were evaluated in vivo. CE-induced lipolysis was synergistically enhanced by caffeine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and was reduced by propranolol, a beta adrenergic antagonist. The peroral administration of 10% CE solution to Wistar rats for 32 days reduced body weight gain, subcutaneous, and visceral fat weights by 6.6, 26.2, and 3.0%, respectively, as compared to the control group. By the topical application of 2% of this extract to rats for 7 days, weight of subcutaneous fat in the treated skin was reduced by 23.2%. This fat mass reduction was accompanied by the up-regulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP), a principal thermogenic mitochondrial molecule related to energy dissipating, in subcutaneous fat and UCP3 in skin except for the fat layer. These results indicate that CE promotes lipolysis via a mechanism involving the beta adrenergic receptor, and affects the body fat mass. This fat reduction may be partially due to UCP up-regulation in the skin including subcutaneous fat. This is the first report showing that repeated lipolysis promotion through CE administration may be beneficial for the systematic suppression of body fat accumulation or the control of fat distribution in obesity.
Evaluating Educational Software for the Microcomputer (1985)

If microcomputers are to survive as educational tools, microcomputer software must be evaluated to determine its effectiveness. This article extends previous microcomputer software evaluation forms by: (a) providing an evaluation instrument based on research-based instructional techniques, (b) providing a step-by-step approach for evaluating software, and (c) adding a student evaluation component to the overall review.
Functional Analysis of Met4, a Yeast Transcriptional Activator Responsive to<i>S</i>-Adenosylmethionine (1995)

Transcription of the genes necessary for sulfur amino acid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is dependent on Met4, a transcriptional activator that belongs to the basic region-leucine zipper protein family. In this report, we show that one mechanism permitting the repression of the sulfur network by S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) involves inhibition of the transcriptional activation function of Met4. Using a wide array of deleted LexA-Met4 fusion proteins as well as various Gal4-Met4 hybrids, we identify the functional domains of Met4 and characterize their relationship. Met4 appears to contain only one activation domain, located in its N-terminal part. We demonstrate that this activation domain functions in a constitutive manner and that AdoMet responsiveness requires a distinct region of Met4. Furthermore, we show that when fused to a heterologous activation domain, this inhibitory region confers inhibition by AdoMet. Met4 contains another distinct functional domain that appears to function as an antagonist of the inhibitory region when intracellular AdoMet is low. On the basis of the presented results, a model for intramolecular regulation of Met4 is proposed.
Oxidative coupling of methane to higher hydrocarbons (1986)

Magnesium and calcium oxides promoted with small amounts of lithium, sodium or potassium have been shown to be very active and selective for the production of higher hydrocarbons, particularly ethane and ethylene from methane. Typical methane conversions are 20 to 30% at a net selectivity to C/sub 2/'s of better than 60%. Small amounts of C/sub 3/ and C/sub 4/ hydrocarbons are also produced with the remaining products being CO/sub 2/ and CO. Temperature studies indicate that carbon oxide selectivity drops as the temperature is increased from 600 to 730/sup 0/C then rises again as the temperature is further increased. Order dependence measurements show the reaction to be zero order in O/sub 2/ and 0.7 order in CH/sub 4/ with an apparent activation energy of 175 kJ/mole. The mechanism appears to be activation of methane at the catalyst surface with subsequent release of methyl radicals into the gas phase. Methyl radicals then combine or react with other hydrocarbons. Simulation of the proposed reaction sequence has produced a good fit to experimental data.
Novel pyrazine metabolites found in polymyxin biosynthesis by<i>Paenibacillus polymyxa</i> (2003)

A complex mixture of methyl-branched alkyl-substituted pyrazines was found in the growth medium of the polymyxin-producing bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa, and of these, seven are new natural compounds. A total of 19 pyrazine metabolites were identified. The dominant metabolite was 2,5-diisopropylpyrazine as identified using a combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry, (1)H- and (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as well as co-elution with an authentic standard. Its biosynthesis was correlated with growth and production was strongly stimulated by valine supplementation. The other pyrazine metabolites, all related pyrazines with either one, two or three alkyl substituents, were identified by means of their mass spectral data and/or co-elution with authentic standards.
News from the Field (1999)

launched a new media center to foster the developm ent of
3D scanning in apparel design and human engineering (1996)

Much work remains before 3D anthropometric imaging systems can be used successfully in automated apparel design and other applications requiring accurate human body size data. Furthermore, the development of basic anthropometric data extraction tools and other related application software must be greatly enhanced, regardless of the scanner type or proposed application. Still, based on current progress, the potential of 3D anthropometric imaging seems tremendous. Certainly, the costs and benefits will become more apparent with time. Probably, a given method might suit some applications and not others, according to variables such as data acquisition and processing speed, system resolution, data accuracy and color. Technical differences aside, as long as a given system can consistently generate surface data to a known level of precision-a level acceptable for the application at hand-the system should find broad acceptance. Finally, only careful testing and validation of new applications can ensure the long-term usefulness of any data collection system, 3D or otherwise.
The coordination chemistry of oxide and nanocarbon materials (2022)

Understanding how a ligand affects the steric and electronic properties of a metal is the cornerstone of the inorganic chemistry enterprise. What happens when the ligand is an extended surface? This question is central to the design and implementation of state-of-the-art functional materials containing transition metals. This perspective will describe how these two very different sets of extended surfaces can form well-defined coordination complexes with metals. In the Green formalism, functionalities on oxide surfaces react with inorganics to form species that contain X-type or LX-type interactions between the metal and the oxide. Carbon surfaces are neutral L-type ligands; this perspective focuses on carbons that donate six electrons to a metal. The nature of this interaction depends on the curvature, and thereby orbital overlap, between the metal and the extended π-system from the nanocarbon.
Quantification of histological changes after calibrated crush of the intraorbital optic nerve in rats (2002)

The results show that this model provides a reliable method for studying quantitatively the anatomical effects of TONL on the RGC layer and the optic nerve itself, and may allow the design of treatment strategies following TONL.
Galactocerebroside and sulfatide independently mediate Ca<sup>2+</sup> responses in oligodendrocytes (1991)

Galactocerebroside (GalC) and sulfated galactocerebroside (sulfatide) are sphingolipids highly enriched in myelin. The binding of antibodies reactive with either sulfatide or GalC to cultured oligodendrocytes causes a Ca2+ influx, followed by microtubule depolymerization; however, antisulfatide is less effective than anti-GalC in altering cytoskeleton. Typical Ca2+ responses are delayed for both antibodies but are transient for sulfatide-reactive antibodies in contrast to the sustained responses previously reported for anti-GalC (Dyer and Benjamins, J Cell Biol 111: 625-633, 1990). Approximately one-half as many oligodendrocytes respond to sulfatide-reactive antibodies (about 39%) as to anti-GalC (about 75%). Subpopulations of oligodendrocytes were identified that responded to neither antibody, only one antibody, or both antibodies, indicating that sulfatide and GalC independently mediate Ca2+ responses. These results suggest that sulfatide and GalC have different physiologic roles in regulating elaboration of myelin membrane by oligodendrocytes in vivo and support the possibility that viral or immune attack via GalC or sulfatide on oligodendrocytes may mimic normal signals in a manner that disrupts the sequence of events that coordinates myelination or maintenance of myelin in vivo.
Cardiac cell therapy: where we've been, where we are, and where we should be headed (2011)

The cardiogenic potential of bone marrow-derived cells, the mechanism whereby small numbers of poorly-retained cells translate to measurable clinical benefit, and the overall impact on clinical outcomes are hotly debated. GROWING POINTS/AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH: This overview of the field leaves us with cautious optimism, while motivating a search for more effective delivery methods, better strategies to boost cell engraftment, more apt patient populations, safe and effective 'off the shelf' cell products and more potent cell types.
Using the WWW as the delivery mechanism for interactive, visualization-based instructional modules (report of the ITiCSE '97 working group on visualization) (1997)

Visualization has long been an important pedagogical tool in CS education. The widespread use of the Web and the introduction of Java, with its ability to present interactive animated applets and other types of animation, all provide opportunities to expand the availability of visualization-based teaching and learning tools. In addition, the Web introduces new opportunities not available in traditional settings.We start by identifying the types of learning objectives that can be supported by visualizations and the Web environment. Next we look at specific areas where the use of the Web enhances learning beyond the usual visualization, as well as at new learning and teaching paradigms supported by the Web. We then discuss a number of different mechanisms that can be used to deliver visualizations over the Web and new ways of managing displays in the Web-based environment. We point out both advantages and disadvantages of using the Web. A look into the future follows. We consider what changes and improvements we can expect and what specific activities we would like the CS community to undertake. We end with a brief survey of currently available Web-based visualization teaching tools and a commitment to maintain a list of links to these and other sites.
Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses (2005)

This document defines an IPv6 unicast address format that is globally unique and is intended for local communications, usually inside of a site.These addresses are not expected to be routable on the global Internet.
JSAC: A Novel Framework to Detect Malicious JavaScript via CNNs over AST and CFG (2019)

JavaScript (JS) is a dominant programming language in web/mobile development, while it is also notoriously abused by attackers due to its powerful characteristics, e.g., dynamic, prototype-based and multi-paradigm, which foil most static and dynamic analysis approaches. To detect malicious JS instances, several machine learning-based methods have been developed recently. However, these methods took JS as a natural language instead of a programming one, which can not capture its syntactic and semantic features. In this paper, we present JSAC, a novel framework to detect JS malware. It combines deep learning and program analysis techniques to capture the syntactic and semantic features of JS programs. Specifically, to get a JS program's syntactic information, we build its abstract syntax tree and employ a tree-based convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract features from it. To get its semantic information, we construct its control flow graph and feed it to another graph-based CNN. Last, the features extracted from two CNNs are fused for final detection. Evaluation on a corpus of 69,523 JS files indicates that JSAC outperforms 4 other models with 98.73% F1-score in detecting JS malware.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 3- and 5-Amino Derivatives of Pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone (1996)

A series of 3- and 5-alkylamino derivatives, as well as other structurally modified analogues of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, have been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of CDP reductase activity and for their cytotoxicity in vitro and antineoplastic activity in vivo against the L1210 leukemia. Alkylation of 3- and 5-amino-2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridines (1, 2) resulted in corresponding 3-methylamino, 5-methylamino, 3-allylamino, 5-ethylamino, 5-allylamino, 5-propylamino, and 5-butylamino derivatives (5, 6, and 11-15), which were then condensed with thiosemicarbazide to yield the respective thiosemicarbazones (7, 8, and 16-20). Oxidation of 3,5-dinitro-2-methylpyridine (21) with selenium dioxide, followed by treatment with ethylene glycol and p-toluenesulfonic acid, produced the cyclic ethylene acetal, 23. Oxidation of 2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-4-methyl-5-nitropyridine (26) with selenium dioxide, followed by sequential treatment with sodium borohydride, methanesulfonyl chloride, and morpholine afforded the morpholinomethyl derivative 30. Catalytic hydrogenation of 23 and 30 with Pd/C yielded the corresponding amino derivatives 24 and 31. Catalytic hydrogenation of 5-cyano-2-methylpyridine (33) with Raney nickel, followed by treatment with acetic anhydride, gave the amide derivative 35. N-Oxidation of 35, followed by rearrangement with acetic anhydride, produced the acetate derivative, 5-[(acetylamino)methyl]-2-(acetoxymethyl)pyridine (37). Repetition of the N-oxidation and rearrangement procedures with compound 37 yielded the diacetate derivative 39. Condensation of compounds 24, 31, and 39 with thiosemicarbazide afforded the respective 3,5-diaminopyridine-, 4-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-5-aminopyridine-, and 5-(aminomethyl)pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones (25, 32, and 40). The most biologically active compounds synthesized were the 5-(methylamino)-, 5-(ethylamino)-, and 5-(allylamino)pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones (8, 17, and 18), which were potent inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase activity with corresponding IC50 values of 1.3, 1.0, and 1.4 microM and which produced significant prolongation of the survival time of L1210 leukemia-bearing mice, with corresponding optimum % T/C values of 223, 204, and 215 being obtained when administered twice daily for six consecutive days at dosages of 60, 80, and 80 mg/kg, respectively.
HOPPITY: LEARNING GRAPH TRANSFORMATIONS TO DETECT AND FIX BUGS IN PROGRAMS (2021)

We present a learning-based approach to detect and fix a broad range of bugs in Javascript programs. We frame the problem in terms of learning a sequence of graph transformations: given a buggy program modeled by a graph structure, our model makes a sequence of predictions including the position of bug nodes and corresponding graph edits to produce a fix. Unlike previous works that use deep neural networks, our approach targets bugs that are more complex and semantic in nature (i.e.~bugs that require adding or deleting statements to fix). We have realized our approach in a tool called HOPPITY. By training on 290,715 Javascript code change commits on Github, HOPPITY correctly detects and fixes bugs in 9,490 out of 36,361 programs in an end-to-end fashion. Given the bug location and type of the fix, HOPPITY also outperforms the baseline approach by a wide margin. <br><br>A talk presented at the SIAM CSE21 conference, MS187: Data-Driven Analysis of Scientific Software Quality, Availability, and Development Productivity.
A review on the application of iron(III) fluorides as positive electrodes for secondary cells (2014)

Among the many industrial and research level applications of fluorides like microelectronics, polymers, agronomy, imaging, dental composites, uranium enrichment processes or catalysis, there is a recent and growing interest for these ionic compounds in the field of energy storage and conversion. Li-ion technology in particular, has been attracted to fluorides due to the possibility of more-than-one electrode reaction. In fact, these reactions can potentially enhance the energy stored in commercial cells (conversion reactions). By reaction with lithium, transition metal fluorides such as MnF3, FeF3, CoF3 or CuF2, can be reduced to the respective zero valent metal/LiF mixture with resulting high theoretical capacities ranging from 3 to 4.2 times the amount currently delivered by commercial LiFePO4 (170 mAh g−1). Since, in practice, the most of the research efforts are being put into iron trifluoride due to chemical (relatively mild synthesis conditions), electrochemical (lower polarization than MnF3 for example) and environmental (Fe is more environmentally friendly than Co) reasons, in this review we will focus on the electrochemistry, synthesis strategies and amelioration techniques for the high oxidation state ferric fluoride and its derivatives.