gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systems of Frequency Curves (1970)

Sir William Elderton's Frequency Curves and Correlation was first published in 1906 and subsequently three new editions were published. It has long enjoyed popularity as a source of clear descriptions of the practical use of Pearson and also Gram-Charlie systems of frequency curves. Professor Johnson has substantially revised this book. The material on correlations has been omitted; descriptions of further kinds of frequency curves have been added; the treatment of frequency surfaces has been recast and broadened; and the opportunity has been taken to amend the original text in the light of later research. The aim of this book remains essentially practical. There is no attempt at encyclopaedic coverage of all known systems of frequency curves and surfaces. It should be of especial value as a quick reference book (for statisticians and non-statisticians alike) for formulae and methods used in fitting frequency curves.
Cystic fibrosis: current therapeutic targets and future approaches (2017)

Study of currently approved drugs and exploration of future clinical development pipeline therapeutics for cystic fibrosis, and possible limitations in their use. Extensive literature search using individual and a combination of key words related to cystic fibrosis therapeutics. Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in CFTR gene leading to abnormality of chloride channels in mucus and sweat producing cells. Respiratory system and GIT are primarily involved but eventually multiple organs are affected leading to life threatening complications. Management requires drug therapy, extensive physiotherapy and nutritional support. Previously, the focus was on symptomatic improvement and complication prevention but recently the protein rectifiers are being studied which are claimed to correct underlying structural and functional abnormalities. Some improvement is observed by the corrector drugs. Other promising approaches are gene therapy, targeting of cellular interactomes, and newer drugs for symptomatic improvement. The treatment has a long way to go as most of the existing therapeutics is for older children. Other limiting factors include mutation class, genetic profile, drug interactions, adverse effects, and cost. Novel approaches like gene transfer/gene editing, disease modeling and search for alternative targets are warranted.
Vertically Aligned Pearl-like Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Fiber Spinning (2008)

This work reports the first synthesis of highly aligned, pearl-like carbon nanotube arrays through a chemical vapor deposition process. The unique morphology of these carbon nanotubes makes it possible to spin them into macroscopic fibers with excellent mechanical and electrical properties. In addition, the interesting hollow structure of these nanotubes opens new applications such as nanoreactors.
ANTIBODIES TO HAPTEN-CONJUGATED PROTEINS WHICH CROSS-REACT WITH RNA (1967)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
An implementation for a fast public-key cryptosystem (1991)

In this paper we examine the development of a high-speed implementation of a system to perform exponentiation in fields of the form GF(2 n ). For sufficiently large n, this device has applications in public-key cryptography. The selection of representation and observations on the structure of multiplication have led to the development of an architecture which is of low complexity and high speed. A VLSI implementation has being fabricated with measured throughput for exponentiation for cryptographic purposes of approximately 300 kilobits per second.
Advances in Dermatologic Surgery (1997)

1 From the Department of Dermatology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Address correspondence and reprint requests to: William P. Coleman III, MD, 4425 Con/in Street, Metairie, LA 70006. This address was presented at the plenary session "Advances in Dermatology" during the annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, San Francisco, March 14, 1997.
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin) in children with high-risk neuroblastoma – a study of the United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group (2007)

The administration of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cisRA), following myeloablative therapy improves 3-year event-free survival rates in children with high-risk neuroblastoma. This study aimed to determine the degree of inter-patient pharmacokinetic variation and extent of metabolism in children treated with 13-cisRA. 13-cis-retinoic acid (80 mg m(-2) b.d.) was administered orally and plasma concentrations of parent drug and metabolites determined on days 1 and 14 of courses 2, 4 and 6 of treatment. Twenty-eight children were studied. The pharmacokinetics of 13-cisRA were best described by a modified one-compartment, zero-order absorption model combined with lag time. Mean population pharmacokinetic parameters included an apparent clearance of 15.9 l h(-1), apparent volume of distribution of 85 l and absorption lag time of 40 min with a large inter-individual variability associated with all parameters (coefficients of variation greater than 50%). Day 1 peak 13-cisRA levels and exposure (AUC) were correlated with method of administration (P<0.02), with 2.44- and 1.95-fold higher parameter values respectively, when 13-cisRA capsules were swallowed as opposed to being opened and the contents mixed with food before administration. Extensive accumulation of 4-oxo-13-cisRA occurred during each course of treatment with plasma concentrations (mean+/-s.d. 4.67+/-3.17 microM) higher than those of 13-cisRA (2.83+/-1.44 microM) in 16 out of 23 patients on day 14 of course 2. Extensive metabolism to 4-oxo-13-cisRA may influence pharmacological activity of 13-cisRA.
Functional Properties of Neurons Derived from <i>In Vitro</i> Reprogrammed Postnatal Astroglia (2007)

With the exception of astroglia-like cells in the neurogenic niches of the telencephalic subependymal or hippocampal subgranular zone, astroglia in all other regions of the adult mouse brain do not normally generate neurons. Previous studies have shown, however, that early postnatal cortical astroglia in culture can be reprogrammed to adopt a neuronal fate after forced expression of Pax6, a transcription factor (TF) required for proper neuronal specification during embryonic corticogenesis. Here we show that also the proneural genes neurogenin-2 and Mash1 (mammalian achaete schute homolog 1) possess the ability to reprogram astroglial cells from early postnatal cerebral cortex. By means of time-lapse imaging of green fluorescent astroglia, we provide direct evidence that it is indeed cells with astroglial characteristics that give rise to neurons. Using patch-clamp recordings in culture, we show that astroglia-derived neurons acquire active conductances and are capable of firing action potentials, thus displaying hallmarks of true neurons. However, independent of the TF used for reprogramming, astroglia-derived neurons appear to mature more slowly compared with embryonic-born neurons and fail to generate a functional presynaptic output within the culturing period. However, when cocultured with embryonic cortical neurons, astroglia-derived neurons receive synaptic input, demonstrating that they are competent of establishing a functional postsynaptic compartment. Our data demonstrate that single TFs are capable of inducing a remarkable functional reprogramming of astroglia toward a truly neuronal identity.
Nitridogermanate Nitrides Sr<sub>7</sub>[GeN<sub>4</sub>]N<sub>2</sub> and Ca<sub>7</sub>[GeN<sub>4</sub>]N<sub>2</sub>: Synthesis Employing Sodium Melts, Crystal Structure, and Density-Functional Theory Calculations (2008)

The alkaline earth nitridogermanate nitrides AE(7)[GeN(4)]N(2) (AE = Ca, Sr) have been synthesized using a Na flux technique in sealed Ta tubes. According to single-crystal X-ray diffraction the isotypic compounds crystallize in space group Pbcn (No. 60) with Z = 4, (Sr(7)[GeN(4)]N(2): a = 1152.6(2), b = 658.66(13), c = 1383.6(3) pm, V = 1050.5(4) x 10(6) pm(3), R1 = 0.049; Ca(7)[GeN(4)]N(2): a = 1082.6(2), b = 619.40(12), c = 1312.1(3) pm, V = 879.8(3) x 10(6) pm(3), R1 = 0.016). Owing to the high N/Ge ratio, the compounds contain discrete N(3-) ions coordinated by six AE(2+) besides discrete [GeN(4)](8-) tetrahedrons. One of the AE(2+) ion is coordinated by only four N(3-) ions, which is rather an unusual low coordination number for Sr(2+). Together with the isolated [GeN(4)](8-) tetrahedrons, these Sr(2+) ions form chains of alternating cation centered edge sharing tetrahedrons. The electronic structure and chemical bonding in Sr(7)[GeN(4)]N(2) has been analyzed employing linear muffin-tin orbital (LMTO) band structure calculations.
Online Content Consumption: Social Endorsements, Observational Learning and Word-of-Mouth (2019)

The consumption of online content can occur through observational learning (OL) whereby consumers follow previous consumers’ choices or social endorsement (SE) wherein consumers receive content sharing from their social ties. As users consume content, they also generate post-consumption word-of-mouth (WOM) signals. OL, SE and WOM together shape the diffusion of the content. This study examines the drivers of SE and the effect of SE on content consumption and post-consumption WOM. In particular, we compare SE with OL. Using a random sample of 8,945 new videos posted on YouTube, we collected a multi-platform dataset consisting of data on video consumption and WOM from YouTube and data on tweet sharing of the video from Twitter. Applying a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model, we find that OL increases consumption significantly more than SE in the short run. However, SE has a stronger effect on content consumption in the long run. This can be attributed to the impact of SE on WOM signals, which also increase content consumption. While OL and SE leads to similar amount of positive WOM, SE generates significantly more negative WOM than OL. Our results also show that SE is driven by WOM (i.e., likes and dislikes) but not content popularity. We further confirm the effects of OL vs. SE on content consumption and WOM using a randomized experiment at the individual consumer level. Implications for content providers and social media platforms are derived accordingly.
Performance Profiles: New Tools for Characterization and Comparison of Clinical Chemical Results (1989)

It is current practice to record the performance of immunoassays by means of precision profiles (according to Ekins), in which the variation coefficient (relative standard deviation) is plotted against the analyte concentration. On the other hand, precision profiles are only occasionally used for evaluating the performance of conventional clinical-chemical methods. It is relatively uncommon to find bias plotted against analyte concentration, presumably because this type of analysis requires reference specimens, whose true analyte concentrations are known or guaranteed by reference methods. If the relative systematic variations are plotted against the true analyte concentrations, and a confidence interval is added to the resulting regression curve, the result is a "bias profile"; if tolerance limits are added, the result is a "deviation profile". The present work describes the preparation of specimens, which can be used to provide experimental data for the three performance profiles. A computer program is used to construct the precision profile, bias profile and/or deviation profile. The mathematical-statistical basis of the program is described in detail. For evaluation of the statistical procedure, three analytes and six methods were used: determination of sodium activity/concentration with an ion sensitive electrode and by flame photometry; determination of creatinine by a manual enzymic and a mechanized Jaffé method; determination of thyrotropin by radioimmunoassay and by luminescence immunoassay. Different purposes are served by bias and deviation profiles. Thus, bias profiles can be used to compare the bias of two methods, whereas a deviation profile can be used to define the analytical range of a method. If the acceptable limits of deviation are added to the deviation profile, then the useful analytical range of the method is immediately apparent.
V OID AND PRESSURE W AVES IN SLUG F LOW (1994)

When gas and liquid flow in a pipe the interface between the phases may take a variety ofdifferent patterns, the most fascinating and misunderstood being probably slug flow. Asthis kind of flow occurs over a very wide range of intermediate flow rates of gas andliquid, it is of interest for many practical problems involving flow instabilities and transientbehaviour.
Cytotoxicity of T-2 toxin and its metabolites determined with the neutral red cell viability assay (1991)

The neutral red (NR) cell viability assay was used with various cell types of human origin to quantitate the potency of T-2 mycotoxin and its metabolites. The human melanoma SK-Mel/27 cell line was the most sensitive, with a midpoint cytotoxicity value of 2.8 ng of T-2 per ml. With the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, the sequence of potency for a series of mycotoxins was T-2 greater than HT-2 greater than T-2 triol greater than T-2 tetraol.
Twin heritability study of the effect of corticosteroids on intraocular pressure. (1972)

A glaucoma-like rise in intraocular pressure following prolonged use of cortisone was documented by Francois in 1954. Since then, the in- fluence of glucocorticosteroid (steroid) eye drops on intraocular pressure has been studied extensively. Provocative testing of healthy eyes with topical steroid preparations has led to the characterization of a 'steroid response' consisting of a gradual rise in intraocular pressure when medication is instilled several times daily over a period of 4 to 6 weeks. When the topical steroid is discontinued the intra- ocular pressure returns to normal levels.
Label-free characterization of white blood cells using fluorescence lifetime imaging and flow-cytometry: molecular heterogeneity and erythrophagocytosis [Invited] (2019)

Blood cell analysis is one of the standard clinical tests. Despite the widespread use of exogenous markers for blood cell quantification, label-free optical methods are still of high demand due to their possibility for <i>in vivo</i> application and signal specific to the biochemical state of the cell provided by native fluorophores. Here we report the results of blood cell characterization using label-free fluorescence imaging techniques and flow-cytometry. Autofluorescence parameters of different cell types - white blood cells, red blood cells, erythrophagocytic cells - are assessed and analyzed in terms of molecular heterogeneity and possibilities of differentiation between different cell types <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
Nanocellulose-Based Biosensors: Design, Preparation, and Activity of Peptide-Linked Cotton Cellulose Nanocrystals Having Fluorimetric and Colorimetric Elastase Detection Sensitivity (2013)

Nanocrystalline cellulose is an amphiphilic, high surface area material that can be easily functionalized and is biocompatible and eco-friendly. It has been used singularly and in combination with other nanomaterials to optimize biosensor design. The attachment of peptides and proteins to nanocrystalline cellulose and their proven retention of activity provide a route to bioactive conjugates useful in designs for point of care biosensors. Elastase is a biomarker for a number of inflammatory diseases including chronic wounds, and its rapid sensitive detection with a facile approach to sensing is of interest. An increased interest in the use of elastase sensors for point of care diagnosis is resulting in a variety of approaches to elsastase sensors utilizing different detection technologies. Here elastase substrate peptide-celluose conjugates synthesized as colorimetric and fluorescent sensors on cotton cellulose nanocrystals are compared. The structure of the sensor peptide-nanocellulose crystals when modeled with computational crystal structure parameters demonstrates the spatio-stoichiometric features of the nanocrystalline surface that allows ligand to active site protease interacttion. An understanding of the structure/function relations of enzyme and conjugate substrate of the peptides covalently attached to nancellulose has implications for enhancing the biomolecular transducer. The potential applications of both fluorescent and colorimetric detection to markers like elastase using peptide cotton cellulose nanocrystals as a transducer surface to model point of care biosensors for protease detection are discussed.
Experimental aspects of photothermal radiometry (1986)

In photothermal radiometry (PTR), the thermal response of a given sample to time-varying illumination is detected via concomitant thermal radiation emanating from the irradiated region, to obtain spectral, structural, and other types of information about the sample. Excitation of the thermal response may be achieved in one of several different pulsing modes, with detection of the thermal reradiation over a wide range of wavelength bands, power levels, and frequencies. To fully exploit the power and versatility of PTR, therefore, it is necessary to choose judiciously the experimental conditions and equipment appropriate in each analytic situation. We discuss general physical aspects of PTR, emphasizing fundamental principles and methodology related to the detection of thermal reradiation. As will be shown, PTR lends itself well to explicit numerical analysis, greatly aiding the design and interpretation of experiments. Particular features relating to the investigation of high-temperature objects will be discussed. A case study is presented on the analysis of thin films on metallic surfaces, at ambient and at elevated temperatures.
Energy harvesting through flow-induced oscillations of a foil (2009)

By using a Navier–Stokes model, we examine a novel flow energy harvesting device consisting of a flapping foil mounted on a damper (representing the power generator) and a rotational spring. Self-induced and self-sustained flapping motions, including a heaving motion h(t) and a pitching motion α(t), are excited by an incoming flow and power extraction is achieved from the heaving response. Depending upon the configuration of the system and the mechanical parameters (e.g., the location of the pitching axis and the stiffness of the rotational spring), four different responses are recorded: (i) the foil remains stable in its initial position (α=0 and h=0); (ii) periodic pitching (around α=0) and heaving motions are excited; (iii) the foil undergoes irregular motions characterized by switching between oscillations around two pitching angles; and (iv) the foil rotates to a position with an angle to the incoming flow and oscillates around it. The existence of response (ii) suggests the feasibility of controllable and stable flow energy extraction by this device. Through numerical simulations with a Navier–Stokes model we have determined combinations of geometric and mechanical parameters to achieve this response. The corresponding energy harvesting capacity and efficiency are predicted.
Adaptive O-CNN: A Patch-based Deep Representation of 3D Shapes (2018)

We present an Adaptive Octree-based Convolutional Neural Network (Adaptive O-CNN) for efficient 3D shape encoding and decoding. Different from volumetric-based or octree-based CNN methods that represent a 3D shape with voxels in the same resolution, our method represents a 3D shape adaptively with octants at different levels and models the 3D shape within each octant with a planar patch. Based on this adaptive patch-based representation, we propose an Adaptive O-CNN encoder and decoder for encoding and decoding 3D shapes. The Adaptive O-CNN encoder takes the planar patch normal and displacement as input and performs 3D convolutions only at the octants at each level, while the Adaptive O-CNN decoder infers the shape occupancy and subdivision status of octants at each level and estimates the best plane normal and displacement for each leaf octant. As a general framework for 3D shape analysis and generation, the Adaptive O-CNN not only reduces the memory and computational cost, but also offers better shape generation capability than the existing 3D-CNN approaches. We validate Adaptive O-CNN in terms of efficiency and effectiveness on different shape analysis and generation tasks, including shape classification, 3D autoencoding, shape prediction from a single image, and shape completion for noisy and incomplete point clouds.
Conserved Herpesvirus Protein Kinases Target SAMHD1 to Facilitate Virus Replication (2018)

Abstract To ensure a successful infection, herpesviruses have developed elegant strategies to counterbalance the host anti-viral responses. Sterile alpha motif and HD domain 1 (SAMHD1) was recently identified as an intrinsic restriction factor for a variety of viruses. Aside from human immunodeficiency virus 2 (HIV-2) and the related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Vpx proteins, the direct viral countermeasures against SAMHD1 restriction remain unknown. Using Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as a primary model, we discovered that SAMHD1-mediated anti-viral restriction is antagonized by EBV BGLF4, a member of the conserved viral protein kinases encoded by all herpesviruses. Mechanistically, we found that BGLF4 phosphorylates SAMHD1 and thereby inhibits its dNTPase activity. We further demonstrated that the targeting of SAMHD1 for phosphorylation is a common feature shared by beta- and gamma-herpesviruses. Together, our findings uncover a unique immune evasion mechanism whereby herpesviruses exploit the phosphorylation of SAMHD1 to thwart host defenses. Highlights SAMHD1 depletion facilitates EBV lytic replication. EBV protein kinase BGLF4 directly phosphorylates SAMHD1. BGLF4 phosphorylation of SAMHD1 inhibits its dCTPase and dTTPase activity. SAMHD1 is targeted by the conserved herpesvirus protein kinases. In Brief Herpesviruses have evolved elegant strategies to dampen the host anti-viral responses. Zhang et al. discover a unique mechanism by which herpesviruses evade SAMHD1-mediated host defenses through phosphorylation, expanding the functional repertoire of viral protein kinases in herpesvirus biology
Variability-aware compact modeling and statistical circuit validation on SRAM test array (2016)

Variability modeling at the compact transistor model level can enable statistically optimized designs in view of limitations imposed by the fabrication technology. In this work we propose a variability-aware compact model characterization methodology based on stepwise parameter selection. Transistor I-V measurements are obtained from bit transistor accessible SRAM test array fabricated using a collaborating foundry’s 28nm FDSOI technology. Our in-house customized Monte Carlo simulation bench can incorporate these statistical compact models; and simulation results on SRAM writability performance are very close to measurements in distribution estimation. Our proposed statistical compact model parameter extraction methodology also has the potential of predicting non-Gaussian behavior in statistical circuit performances through mixtures of Gaussian distributions.