gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrolysis of milk lactose in a packed bed reactor system using immobilized yeast cells (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Hydrolysis of lactose with β‐D‐galactosidase is one of the most promising biotechnological applications in the food industry because of its use in the production of low lactose milk products and whey hydrolysis. To overcome the problem of enzyme extraction from cells due to the intracellular nature of β‐D‐galactosidase and the poor permeability of the cell membrane to lactose, permeabilization of yeast cells was investigated. Permeabilized whole cells have been claimed to have an advantage over more pure enzyme preparations. In view of the advantages of immobilized cell systems over free cell systems, permeabilized cells were immobilized by an entrapment method in calcium alginate gel. A packed bed reactor together with this immobilized cell system has been used for hydrolysis of milk lactose in a continuous system. RESULTS: Different process parameters (temperature, substrate feed rate, biomass load and time‐course) were optimized to maximize lactose hydrolysis. The immobilized yeast cells (300 mg dry wt) resulted in 87.2% hydrolysis of milk lactose at 30 °C and flow rate 7 mL h −1 in a packed bed reactor system. CONCLUSION: This convenient and relatively inexpensive method of immobilization, resulting in high hydrolysis potential in a continuous system, indicates that permeabilized yeast cells have the potential for the production of low lactose milk and milk products. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
A Novel Cyclic Peptide Immunization Strategy for Preventing HIV-1/AIDS Infection and Progression (2003)

A novel synthetic peptide immunogen targeting the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) coreceptor CXCR4 was evaluated for its capacity to induce CXCR4-specific antibodies with anti-HIV-1 activity in BALB/c mice and cynomolgus monkeys. A cyclic closed-chain dodecapeptide mimicking the conformation-specific domain of CXCR4 (cDDX4) was prepared in which Gly-Asp, as the dipeptide forming a spacer arm, links the amino and carboxyl termini of the decapeptidyl linear chain (linear DDX4, Asn176 to Ile185) derived from the undecapeptidyl arch (UPA; Asn176 to Cys186) of extracellular loop 2 (ECL-2) in CXCR4. Immunization of BALB/c mice with cDDX4 conjugated with a multiple-antigen peptide (cDDX4-MAP) induced conformational epitope-specific antibodies, and monoclonal antibody IA2-F9 reacted with cDDX4, but not with linear DDX4, as determined by real-time biomolecular interaction analysis using surface plasmon resonance. The antibody also reacted with cells expressing CXCR4 but not with cells expressing the other HIV coreceptor, CCR5. Furthermore, the antibody inhibited the replication of HIV-1 X4 virus (using CXCR4), as shown by an infection assay using both MAGIC-5 cells and MT4 cells, but not that of HIV-1 R5 virus (using CCR5). The antibody weakly interfered with chemotaxis induced by stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha in THP-1 cells or moderately inhibited the chemotaxis of Molt4#8 cells under the same conditions. In addition, immunization of cynomolgus monkeys also induced cDDX4-specific antibodies with anti-HIV activity. Taken together, these results indicate that cDDX4 conjugated with a multi-antigen peptide induces the conformational epitope-specific antibodies to the undecapeptidyl arch of CXCR4 may be a novel candidate immunogen for preventing disease progression in HIV-1-infected individuals.
Characterization of Dolphin Acoustic Echo-Location Data using a Dynamical Classification Method (1998)

Many methods for time series analysis derived from nonlinear dynamical systems theory have been developed in the last decade, and have demonstrated remarkable results in a variety of simulated, experimental, and real applications. Classification of time series based on the underlying dynamical generator is also potentially powerful, and we have previously presented a method for dynamical classification based on empirically estimated sets of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, i.e. global dynamical models. A particularly useful area of application for such methods may be biologic and medical data analysis, where few quantitative methods exist for the highly complex time evolutions. Here, as an example of the application of such classification methods, we present an analysis of data of the acoustic pulse trains produced by dolphins as they attempt to echo-locate objects in an ocean environment, which is derived from a controlled experimental framework.
Intact Epithelial Barrier Function Is Critical for the Resolution of Alveolar Edema in Humans (1990)

Within 15 min of endotracheal intubation, the resolution of pulmonary edema was studied over the next 12 h in 34 mechanically ventilated patients by (1) serial measurements of the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference, (2) the extent of edema on the initial and follow-up chest radiograph, and (3) by an initial and final measurement of total protein and albumin concentration in sequential samples of pulmonary edema fluid. Based on the oxygenation and chest radiographic data, 24 patients clinically improved and 10 patients did not improve. In the 10 patients who did not clinically improve (3, hydrostatic edema; 7, permeability edema), there was no change in the final edema fluid protein concentration (4.1 +/- 1.1 g/100 ml) compared with the initial edema fluid protein concentration (4.2 +/- 1.0 g/100 ml) (p = ns). However, in the 24 patients who clinically improved (15, hydrostatic edema; 9, permeability edema), there was an increase in every patient's final edema protein concentration (5.6 +/- 2.3 g/100 ml) compared with their initial edema protein concentration (3.8 +/- 1.2 g/100 ml) (p less than 0.01). In 13 of these 24 patients, the final edema fluid concentration (7.3 +/- 1.6 g/100 ml) exceeded the final plasma protein concentration (5.6 +/- 0.8 g/100 ml) by a mean value of 1.7 g/100 ml protein. The data provide the first evidence in humans to support the hypothesis that active ion transport across the alveolar epithelial barrier is the primary mechanism for clearance of edema fluid from the air spaces of the lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wavelet analysis and synthesis of fractional Brownian motion (1992)

Fractional Brownian motion (FBM) offers a convenient modeling for nonstationary stochastic processes with long-term dependencies and 1/f-type spectral behavior over wide ranges of frequencies. Statistical self-similarity is an essential feature of FBM and makes natural the use of wavelets for both its analysis and its synthesis. A detailed second-order analysis is carried out for wavelet coefficients of FBM. It reveals a stationary structure at each scale and a power-law behavior of the coefficients' variance from which the fractal dimension of FBM can be estimated. Conditions for using orthonormal wavelet decompositions as approximate whitening filters are discussed, consequences of discretization are considered, and some connections between the wavelet point of view and previous approaches based on length measurements (analysis) or dyadic interpolation (synthesis) are briefly pointed out.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Augmentation by priming with interferon-gamma of the binding of a muramyl dipeptide derivative to macrophages resulting in synergistic macrophage activation. (1987)

Macrophage (MA) activation by recombinant murine interferon-gamma (rMuIFN-gamma) and a synthetic muramyl dipeptide derivative, N alpha-(N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-N epsilon-stearoyl-L-lysine [MDP-Lys(L18)], was examined. The cytostatic activity of MA that had been primed with rMuIFN-gamma against Lewis lung adenocarcinoma cells was augmented extensively by exposure to MDP-Lys(L18) for a minimum of 15 min, though such treatment in the reverse sequence interfered with the effects of rMuIFN-gamma on MA. The binding assays revealed that rMuIFN-gamma bound to MA with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.93 X 10(-9) M (16,000 binding molecules/cell), while MDP-Lys(L18) bound nonspecifically and was endocytosed by MA at 37 degrees. The amount of MDP-Lys(L18) bound to the rMuIFN-gamma-primed MA was significantly greater than that bound to the MA without rMuIFN-gamma priming. A small increase in the amount of MDP-Lys(L18) associated with MA was also observed at 4 degrees, but the amount was one order of magnitude less than that at 37 degrees. The binding of rMuIFN-gamma to MA was significantly suppressed by priming with MDP-Lys(L18). These results indicate that the binding of rMuIFN-gamma in preference to MDP-Lys(L18) to MA is of great importance in the mechanisms of MA activation.
Episode 11: Big Data Analytics He Calls Dimwits (2016)

Hi Buckeroos, Pancho here on day 11 of ranch doggin'. I thought it was time to slow down from all the adventurin', take in the
The outcome of absence epilepsy (1996)

We performed a meta-analysis of studies on absence epilepsy (AE) to ascertain whether the outcome of this well-defined type of epilepsy can be stated unequivocally. Using the Index Medicus and Medline CD+, we identified 1,619 publications. After applying the criteria of the International League against Epilepsy (ILAE) for AE, 26 publications on 23 study cohorts with a total of 2,303 patients were included. Remission rates ranged from 0.21 to 0.89; they differed substantially due to heterogeneity between the studies in inclusion criteria, methods, follow-up length, and outcome definitions. One half of the patients developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures (TCS) in the course of the disease. The proportion seizure free was 0.78 for patients with absence seizures (AS) only, and 0.35 for those who developed TCS. The outcome of AE may be worse than previously stated due to the considerable proportion of patients developing TCS in the course of their disease. Early prediction of outcome in patients who present with AS cannot be provided with certainty.
Opportunity Costs of Globalizing Information Licenses Embedding Consumer Rights within the Legislative Framework for Information Contracts (1999)

The economy of the latter twentieth century has witnessed a radical shift in production and value. We have emerged from an age in which the primary mode of production was one of mass manufacture to an age that generates and relies upon the organizing, processing and accumulation of information. An information industry has emerged spearheaded by software and publishing corporations, which are growing at a more rapid rate than the manufacturing sector of the economy. The value of their assets
Specklegram Data Reduction Using Optical and Digital Techniques. (1977)

This report describes the development of a specklegram data reduction system for automatically analyzing specklegram output. The basic design incorporates a PDP-11 minicomputer as an overall control center with various optical and electronic components interfaced to the computer. Typical data runs yielded 1-2 second turn around time for each specklegram data point and approximately 1-2 fringe resolution over a specific output halo. (Author)
Sulfones. I. Methods for the Preparation of Certain Alkanes, Alkenes, Acids and Lactones with Bis-(ethylsulfonyl)-methane<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfones. I. Methods for the Preparation of Certain Alkanes, Alkenes, Acids and Lactones with Bis-(ethylsulfonyl)-methane1Marshall W. CronynCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 5, 1225–1230Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01125a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01125a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cell surface–targeted anticoagulation in systemic infection and inflammation (2004)

Comment on Chen et al, page [1344][1] 

Coagulation predominantly occurs at the surface of cells, yet our anticoagulants mostly are directed at fluid-phase proteins. Experiments in transgene mice published in this issue of Blood demonstrate that surface-targeted anticoagulation may indeed provide a
CD40 preferentially costimulates activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes. (1994)

CD40 is a membrane differentiation antigen constitutively expressed on B cells that induces B cell growth and Ig synthesis after ligation with anti-CD40 mAb or with the recently identified CD40 ligand (CD40L). CD40L is rapidly induced on T cells after activation with anti-CD3 mAb or mitogens. While CD40-CD40L interactions are clearly beneficial to B cells, we speculated that a reciprocal costimulation of T cells might also occur. We have used genetic transfection to demonstrate that interactions between human small, resting T cells and CD40+ murine transfectants substantially augmented anti-CD3 induced T cell proliferation and resulted in the generation of CTL. T cell proliferation costimulated by CD40 was IL-2 dependent. The ability of CD40+ transfectants to costimulate T cell proliferation was specific in that VCAM-1+, CD54+, CD72+, CD56+, CD31+, and fas+ transfectants in the same host cells were inactive. CD4+ T cells preferentially responded to CD40 costimulation, whereas CD8+ T cells were substantially less reactive. By contrast, costimulation with B7 transfectants induced equivalent proliferation in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. In addition, adult naive and memory T cells, as well as cord blood T cells, were responsive to CD40. These findings suggest that the CD40-CD40L costimulation pathway may allow for selective expansion of CD4+ T cells after interaction with CD40-bearing APC. The relatively restricted expression of CD40 on APC, as well as on medullary and cortical thymic epithelium, indicates a possible role for this interaction in T cell differentiation and activation.
Prostate specific antigen molecular forms in breast cyst fluid and serum of women with fibrocystic breast disease (1999)

We have analyzed matched serum and breast cyst fluid samples for total PSA from 148 patients with fibrocystic breast disease. We have also determined the molecular forms of PSA (free PSA and PSA bound to α1-antichymotrypsin) in 78 breast cyst fluid samples. We found that total PSA can be detected in all cyst fluids and in about 75% of female sera. The median total PSA concentration in breast cyst fluid (bcf) is about 30 times higher than the median in the corresponding sera. Breast cyst fluid and serum PSA are not correlated with each other. Total serum PSA is inversely associated with patient age but the inverse association between bcf PSA and age is weak. Lower total PSA in bcf was seen in women who breast feed, and higher bcf PSA is associated with multiple cysts. Type I cysts (with a high K+/Na+ ratio) tend to have higher total PSA than Type II cysts. All but three of the fractionated cyst fluids (75/78; 96%) had free PSA as the predominant molecular form. The most consistent finding of our study was the positive association between the cyst fluid K+/Na+ ratio and the free to bound PSA ratio. This association was confirmed by Spearman correlation as well as by Wilcoxon and chi-square analysis. Secretory/apocrine cysts (Type I) tend to have more total PSA and proportionally more free PSA than transudative/flattened cysts (Type II). J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 13:75–81, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of low temperatures on the activity of oxygen‐scavenging enzymes in two populations of the C<sub>4</sub> grass <i>Echinochloa crus‐galli</i> (1996)

To discriminate among possible mechanisms responsible for the differential response to cold temperatures among ecotypes of the C 4 grass weed species Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv., the specific activities of five oxygen‐scavenging enzymes responsible for the elimination or reduction of free radicals and hydrogen peroxide during cold‐induced photoinhibition were determined in 5‐week‐old plants of two populations of the species collected from sites of contrasting climates, Québec (QUE) and Mississippi (MISS). Enzyme activities were measured at temperatures ranging from 5 to 30°C. The specific activities of ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase were significantly higher in cold‐adapted QUE plants at low assay temperatures than in warm‐adapted MISS plants at the same temperature. The specific activities of superoxide dismutase assayed at 5 and 25°C were similar among plants of the two E. crus‐galli populations. Ascorbate concentrations were not different among plants of the two populations, suggesting that the observed differences in the specific activities of ascorbate peroxidase assayed at 5°C, truly reflect a better capacity of the QUE enzyme to reduce H 2 O 2 to water at temperature conditions associated with the photoinhibitory process. The enhanced specific activity of four of the five oxygen‐scavenging enzymes measured in the cold‐adapted QUE population at low assay temperatures correlates with the syndrome of cold‐adapted features reported for plants of this population in earlier studies.
The stable pyrimidines UDPβS and UTPγS discriminate between the P2 receptors that mediate vascular contraction and relaxation of the rat mesenteric artery (2000)

The contractile and relaxant effects of the different P2 receptors were characterized in the rat isolated mesenteric artery by use of extracellular nucleotides, including the stable pyrimidines uridine 5'-O-thiodiphosphate (UDPbetaS) and uridine 5'-O-3-thiotriphosphate (UTPgammaS). The selective P2X receptor agonist, alphabeta-methylene-adenosine triphosphate (alphabeta-MeATP) stimulated a potent (pEC(50)=6.0) but relatively weak contraction (E:(max)=57% of 60 mM K(+)). The contractile concentration-response curve of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was biphasic when added in single concentrations. The first part of the response could be desensitized by alphabeta-MeATP, indicating involvement of P2X receptors, while the second part might be mediated by P2Y receptors. The contractile P2Y receptors were further characterized after P2X receptor desensitization with 10 microM alphabeta-MeATP. Uridine diphosphate (UDP), uridine triphosphate (UTP) and ATP stimulated contraction only in high concentrations (1 - 10 mM). The selective P2Y(6) agonist, UDPbetaS, and the P2Y(2)/P2Y(4)-receptor agonists UTPgammaS and adenosine 5'-O-3-thiotriphosphate (ATPgammaS) were considerably more potent and efficacious (E:(max) approximately 250% of 60 mM K(+)). Adenosine 5'-O-thiodiphosphate (ADPbetaS) was inactive, excluding contractile P2Y(1) receptors. After precontraction with 1 microM noradrenaline, UTP, ADP and ATP induced relaxations with similar potencies (pEC(50) approximately 5.0). UTPgammaS, ADPbetaS and ATPgammaS were approximately one log unit more potent indicating the presence of endothelial P2Y(1) and P2Y(2)/P2Y(4) receptors. The P2Y(6) receptor agonist, UDPbetaS, had no effect. UDPbetaS and UTPgammaS are useful tools when studying P2 receptors in tissue preparations with ectonucleotidase activity. Contractile responses can be elicited by stimulation of P2Y(6) and, slightly less potently, P2Y(2)/P2Y(4) receptors. The P2X response was relatively weak, and there was no P2Y(1) response. Stimulation of P2Y(1) and P2Y(2)/P2Y(4) receptors elicited relaxation, while P2Y(6) did not contribute.
Scalable Network Traffic Classification Using Distributed Support Vector Machines (2015)

Internet traffic has increased dramatically in recent years due to the popularization of the Internet and the appearance of wireless Internet mobile devices such as smart-phones and tablets. The explosive growth of Internet traffic has introduced a practical example that demonstrates the concept of Big Data. Accurate identification and classification of large network traffic data plays an important role in network management including capacity planning, network forensics, QoS and intrusion detection. However, the state-of-the-art solutions, which rely on a dedicated server, are not scalable for analyzing high volume network traffic data. In this paper, we implement a distributed Support Vector Machines (SVMs) framework for classifying network traffic using Hadoop, an open-source distributed computing framework for Big Data processing. We design a global parameter store that maintains the global shared parameters between SVM training nodes. The distributed SVMs have been deployed on a 20 node cluster to analyze real network traffic trace. The results demonstrate that with 19 Mapper nodes the system is around 30% faster than Cloud SVM solution and outperforms the standalone SVM with nearly 9 times faster in training process and 15 times in the classifying process. In addition, the distributed SVMs architecture is designed to analyze large scale datasets. Therefore, it can be used not only for processing network traffic dataset, but also other large scale datasets such as Web data.
Stability and complexity in model meta-ecosystems (2016)

The diversity of life and its organization in networks of interacting species has been a long-standing theoretical puzzle for ecologists. Ever since May's provocative paper challenging whether 'large complex systems [are] stable' various hypotheses have been proposed to explain when stability should be the rule, not the exception. Spatial dynamics may be stabilizing and thus explain high community diversity, yet existing theory on spatial stabilization is limited, preventing comparisons of the role of dispersal relative to species interactions. Here we incorporate dispersal of organisms and material into stability-complexity theory. We find that stability criteria from classic theory are relaxed in direct proportion to the number of ecologically distinct patches in the meta-ecosystem. Further, we find the stabilizing effect of dispersal is maximal at intermediate intensity. Our results highlight how biodiversity can be vulnerable to factors, such as landscape fragmentation and habitat loss, that isolate local communities.
Focusing of Light by a Nano-Hole Array (2006)

We report the first demonstration of light focusing by a nano-hole array. The </b>quasi-crystal arrangement of holes “focuses” light a few tens of microns from its surface, creating bright “focal spots” of sub-wavelength energy concentration. Article not available.