gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple solutions for hyperbolic and related position fixes (1990)

Navigation fixed from range differences to three stations and an additional piece of information are investigated. It is shown that if the additional information is the navigator altitude, or the range difference to a fourth station, the computation of the navigation fix is reduced to finding the roots of a quadratic. If the additional information is the range to another station, or that the navigator is on the Earth ellipsoid, the fix can be obtained by solving a quartic. By emphasizing the underlying geometric interpretations, these fixes and their simple solutions are made clear. The derivations also show that the same solution algorithms are applicable if the basic navigation measurements are range sums instead of range differences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure of the Human <i>CALM1</i> Calmodulin Gene and Identification of two <i>CALM1</i> ‐Related Pseudogenes <i>CALM1P1</i> and <i>CALM1P2</i> (1994)

The human CALM1 calmodulin gene has been isolated and characterized. The gene contains six exons spread over about 10 kb of genomic DNA. The exon-intron structure is identical to that of the human CALM3 and of the rat CALM1 and CALM3 genes. A cluster of transcription-start sites was identified 200 bp upstream of the ATG translation-start codon, and several putative regulatory elements were found in the 5' flanking region as well as in intron 1. Sequence comparison with the rat CALM1 gene revealed significant similarities in the promoter regions of the two genes and an even more striking degree of identity (70%) in the available intron 1 sequences. A short CAG trinucleotide repeat region was identified in the 5' untranslated region of the human CALM1 gene; this sequence is not conserved in the rat counterpart. Expression of the CALM1 gene was detected in all human tissues tested, although at varying levels. A 1.7-kb mRNA was uniformly present at comparable levels, whereas a 4.2-kb mRNA species was particularly abundant in brain and skeletal muscle. Clones for two different CALM1-related pseudogenes CALM1P1 and CALM1P2 were also isolated and characterized. Both pseudogenes are intronless and non-functional as judged from the presence of mutations abolishing the open reading frame. Genomic Southern analysis indicates that the human CALM1 gene/pseudogene subfamily comprises at least three but probably no more than four members. The entire family consists of three bona fide CALM genes, at least one expressed calmodulin-like CALML gene as well as at least five pseudogenes.
Fabrication of low-loss 3 dB couplers with multimode optical fibres (1978)

A 3 dB coupler was fabricated using two partially polished fibres which were in contact with each polished portion. The excess insertion loss and the directivity of this coupler are measured to be 0.36 dB and 47.0 dB, respectively.
Alternative Translation Initiation Generates a Functionally Distinct Isoform of the Stress-Activated Protein Kinase MK2 (2019)

Alternative translation is an important mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation leading to the expression of different protein isoforms originating from the same mRNA. Here, we describe an abundant long isoform of the stress/p38<sup>MAPK</sup>-activated protein kinase MK2. This isoform is constitutively translated from an alternative CUG translation initiation start site located in the 5' UTR of its mRNA. The RNA helicase eIF4A1 is needed to ensure translation of the long and the known short isoforms of MK2, of which the molecular properties were determined. Only the short isoform phosphorylated Hsp27 in vivo, supported migration and stress-induced immediate early gene (IEG) expression. Interaction profiling revealed short-isoform-specific binding partners that were associated with migration. In contrast, the long isoform contains at least one additional phosphorylatable serine in its unique N terminus. In sum, our data reveal a longer isoform of MK2 with distinct physiological properties.
Plasticity resembling spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity: the evidence in human cortex (2010)

Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) has been studied extensively in a variety of animal models during the past decade but whether it can be studied at the systems level of the human cortex has been a matter of debate. Only recently newly developed non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have made it possible to induce and assess timing dependent plasticity in conscious human subjects. This review will present a critical synopsis of these experiments, which suggest that several of the principal characteristics and molecular mechanisms of TMS-induced plasticity correspond to those of STDP as studied at a cellular level. TMS combined with a second phasic stimulation modality can induce bidirectional long-lasting changes in the excitability of the stimulated cortex, whose polarity depends on the order of the associated stimulus-evoked events within a critical time window of tens of milliseconds. Pharmacological evidence suggests an NMDA receptor mediated form of synaptic plasticity. Studies in human motor cortex demonstrated that motor learning significantly modulates TMS-induced timing dependent plasticity, and, conversely, may be modulated bidirectionally by prior TMS-induced plasticity, providing circumstantial evidence that long-term potentiation-like mechanisms may be involved in motor learning. In summary, convergent evidence is being accumulated for the contention that it is now possible to induce STDP-like changes in the intact human central nervous system by means of TMS to study and interfere with synaptic plasticity in neural circuits in the context of behavior such as learning and memory.
Transmission characteristics of pulse waves in the intracranial cavity of dogs (1987)

Systems analysis of intracranial pressure pulse waveforms was carried out in six dogs under conditions of normocapnia and intracranial normotension to determine how the pressure pulse is transmitted through the intracranial cavity. Since the intracranial cavity can be regarded as a system, systems analysis was applied to it. The pressure pulse wave of the common carotid artery was used as the input signal and the epidural pressure pulse wave as the output signal. An attempt was made to randomize the input signal using a cardiac pacemaker or an aorta balloon. The transfer function of the system was estimated numerically from the autocorrelation function of the input signal and the cross-correlation function of the input and output signals by means of the least-squares method. Some characteristics of pressure transmission through the system were observed. The gain curve of the system decreased between 1 and 7 Hz, then suddenly increased to form a marked peak at about 10 to 15 Hz, where the phase curve also changed from positive to negative. These results suggest that the lower frequencies of the pulse wave were suppressed during transmission through the intracranial cavity, whereas the greatest acceleration in transmission occurred at about 10 to 15 Hz. In addition, resonance was evident in the intracranial cavity under normal intracranial conditions. This is the first report of such resonance.
Computational Alanine Scanning To Probe Protein−Protein Interactions:  A Novel Approach To Evaluate Binding Free Energies (1999)

Noncovalent interactions are important in many physiological processes of complexation which involve all components of the living cells. Here we report an approach to computationally study the interaction free energies in protein−protein complexes which allows from a single simulation an estimate of the individual contribution of each residue to the binding. We developed this new techniquecomputational alanine scanningand applied it to study the interactions of the oncoprotein Mdm2 to the N-terminal stretch of tumor suppressor protein p53. Excellent agreement has been found between the calculated and experimental data. This residue mutation methodology could prove to be a useful general design tool for moleculesnucleotides, peptides, lipids, or any other organic compoundoptimized for interactions or stability, since one can qualitatively estimate the free energy consequences of many mutations from a single molecular dynamics trajectory.
Hardware implementation of free division block-based BSS algorithm (2009)

In this paper, we present a hardware implementation of a blind source separation algorithm having two input, two output, which uses a closed form solution by exploiting the temporal coherence properties of the input sources and the inherent indeterminacies of the blind processing. The proposed implementation is free division version, computationally cheaper and efficient for a hardware implementation. In addition, we propose an on-line block processing source separation environment that supports the implementation of the algorithm under consideration. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our implementation by providing its performance with respect to word length and sample size.
Dot-enzyme immunoassay for visual detection of antibodies to pseudorabies virus in swine serum (1986)

A modified solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is described for the visual detection of anti-pseudorabies virus (anti-PRV) antibody in porcine serum. Dots of PRV antigens were adsorbed to nitrocellulose paper (hence the name dot-EIA), and the remaining nonspecifically reactive sites were blocked with bovine serum albumin or skim milk powder. After immersion in test serum, bound antibodies were reacted with a peroxidase-conjugated anti-porcine immunoglobulin G (H & L). Positive reactions were easily visualized as brown dots after enzyme degradation of a substrate containing hydrogen peroxide and diaminobenzidine. The dot-EIA was comparable to the serum neutralization test and the standard microtiter EIA in its ability to detect antibody in the sera of pigs 9 days after experimental infection and 12 days after contact with infected pigs. The sensitivity and specificity of the dot-EIA relative to the serum neutralization test and the standard EIA were determined from the testing of 856 field sera from the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada. In all comparisons, both the relative sensitivity and specificity of the dot-EIA were in the order of 98 to 99%. The dot EIA appears to have potential application as a rapid and economical field test in the diagnosis of PRV infection.
Mixed-signal modelling in VHDL for system-on-chip applications (1995)

Function transfer based modelling techniques are applied to the IEEE VHDL language to develop behavioral analogue models. This allows mixed-signal simulations integrated into a top-down ASIC design flow for system designers. An application to a clock module for a DSP-core ASIC, integrating a Phase-Locked Loop, demonstrates the usefulness of such an approach for the validation of large systems containing a small portion of analogue functionalities. >
PRC2 Complexes with JARID2, MTF2, and esPRC2p48 in ES Cells to Modulate ES Cell Pluripotency and Somatic Cell Reprograming (2010)

Polycomb repressive complex two (PRC2) has been implicated in embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency; however, the mechanistic roles of this complex are unclear. It was assumed that ES cells contain PRC2 with the same subunit composition as that identified in HeLa cells and Drosophila embryos. Here, we report that PRC2 in mouse ES cells contains at least three additional subunits: JARID2, MTF2, and a novel protein denoted esPRC2p48. JARID2, MTF2, and esPRC2p48 are highly expressed in mouse ES cells compared to differentiated cells. Importantly, knockdowns of JARID2, MTF2, or esPRC2p48 alter the level of PRC2-mediated H3K27 methylation and result in the expression of differentiation-associated genes in ES cells. Interestingly, expression of JARID2, MTF2, and esPRC2p48 together, but not individually, enhances Oct4/Sox2/Klf4-mediated reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into induced pluripotent stem cells, whereas knockdown or knockout of JARID2, MTF2, or esPRC2p48 significantly inhibits reprogramming. JARID2, MTF2, and esPRC2p48 modulate H3K27 methylation and facilitate repression of lineage-associated gene expression when transduced into MEFs, and synergistically stimulate the histone methyltransferase activity of PRC2 in vitro. Therefore, these studies identify JARID2, MTF2, and esPRC2p48 as important regulatory subunits of PRC2 in ES cells and reveal critical functions of these subunits in modulating PRC2's activity and gene expression both in ES cells and during somatic cell reprogramming.
Antiviral activity of Win 41258-3, a pyrazole compound, against herpes simplex virus in mouse genital infection and in guinea pig skin infection (1981)

Win 41258-3 (4-[6-(2-chloro-4-methoxyphenoxy)hexyl]-3,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazole methane sulfonate) has in vitro and in vivo activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. In cell culture, a concentration of 2 microgram/ml produced a greater than 50% inhibition of plaque formation of herpes simplex virus type 2, and 3 microgram/ml produced a 100% reduction of herpes simplex virus type 1. Win 41258-3 was effective against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in mouse genital infection after intravaginal administration. Win 41258-3 was administered to mice at 4 h postinfection with solutions containing 1.25, 2.5, 5, or 10% of the compound in saturated tampons. Therapy resulted in a high survival rate (80 to 100%) of treated animals versus 20 to 30% of placebo-treated controls. Win 41258-3 was also effective in guinea pig skin infection produced by herpes simplex virus type 1. Solutions of 2.5, 5, and 10% Win 41258-3, applied to the skin starting 24 h postinfection, resulted in rapid suppression of development of herpetic vesicles and significant reduction of the virus titers in the lesion sites.
Effects of Colestipol-Niacin Therapy on Human Femoral Atherosclerosis (1991)

Blankenhorn, David H. MD; Azen, Stanley P PhD; Crawford, Donald W. MD; Nessim, Sharon A. Dr PH; Sanmarco, Miguel E. MD; Selzer, Robert H. MS; Shircore, Anne M. BS; Wickham, Emily C. MS
Electrochemical Behaviour of Pyridinoline, a Crosslinking Amino Acid of Collagen1 (1981)

Pyridinoline is a crosslinking amino acid isolated from collagen. Polarographic oxidation and reduction potentials of pyridinoline were measured and compared with those of structurally related compounds, 3-hydroxypyridine, pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and N-methylpyridoxine. Oxidation and reduction potentials of these compounds were found to be near anodic and cathodic limit potentials, respectively, except for pyridoxal. This indicates that a 3-hydroxypyridine ring is very difficult to be reduced or oxidized. The reducibility of pyridinoline with a reducing agent, sodium borohydride, was also studied. It was not reduced by the reagent, however, it was found to be decomposed by light during the treatment. These results indicate that pyridinoline is a so-called "non-reducible" crosslink.
Immuno‐Chemotherapeutic Platinum(IV) Prodrugs of Cisplatin as Multimodal Anticancer Agents (2014)

There is growing consensus that the clinical therapeutic efficacy of some chemotherapeutic agents depends on their off-target immune-modulating effects. Pt anticancer drugs have previously been identified to be potent immunomodulators of both the innate and the adaptive immune system. Nevertheless, there has been little development in the rational design of Pt-based chemotherapeutic agents to exploit their immune-activating capabilities. The FPR1/2 formyl peptide receptors are highly expressed in immune cells, as well as in many metastatic cancers. Herein, we report a rationally designed multimodal Pt(IV) prodrug containing a FPR1/2-targeting peptide that combines chemotherapy with immunotherapy to achieve therapeutic synergy and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.
Pathogenesis of cerebral white matter injury of prematurity (2008)

Cerebral white matter injury, characterised by loss of premyelinating oligodendrocytes (pre-OLs), is the most common form of injury to the preterm brain and is associated with a high risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. The unique cerebrovascular anatomy and physiology of the premature baby underlies the exquisite sensitivity of white matter to the abnormal milieu of preterm extrauterine life, in particular ischaemia and inflammation. These two upstream mechanisms can coexist and amplify their effects, leading to activation of two principal downstream mechanisms: excitotoxicity and free radical attack. Upstream mechanisms trigger generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The pre-OL is intrinsically vulnerable to free radical attack due to immaturity of antioxidant enzyme systems and iron accumulation. Ischaemia and inflammation trigger glutamate receptor-mediated injury leading to maturation-dependent cell death and loss of cellular processes. This review looks at recent evidence for pathogenetic mechanisms in white matter injury with emphasis on targets for prevention and treatment of injury.
256Kb Ferroelectric nonvolatile memory technology for 1T/1C cell with 100ns read/write time at 3V (1995)

Abstract A 3V 100ns read/write 256kb ferroelectric nonvolatile memory (FeRAM) is achieved with 1T/1C cells, novel reference cell circuits and cell plate circuits. The FeRAM is fabricated in 1.2um CMOS process with single Aluminum interconnection and Bi based layered perovskite ferroelectric material “Y-l” and has no fatigue even after 1012 destructive read and re-write stress cycles.
Expression of Functional CCR and CXCR Chemokine Receptors in Podocytes (2002)

Chemokines and their receptors play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic glomerular inflammation. However, their expression pattern and function in glomerular podocytes, the primary target cells in a variety of glomerulopathies, have not been investigated as of yet. Using RT-PCR, we now demonstrate the expression of CCR4, CCR8, CCR9, CCR10, CXCR1, CXCR3, CXCR4, and CXCR5 in cultured human podocytes. Stimulation of these receptors induced a concentration-dependent biphasic increase of the free cytosolic calcium concentration in podocytes in culture. In addition, we demonstrate that podocytes release IL-8 in the presence of FCS and that IL-8 down-regulates cell surface CXCR1. Chemokine stimulation of the detected CCRs and CXCRs increased activity of NADPH-oxidase, the primary source of superoxide anions in podocytes. Immunohistochemistry studies revealed only diffuse and weak CXCR expression in healthy human glomerula. In contrast, in membranous nephropathy, a characteristic podocyte disorder, the expression of CXCR1, CXCR3, and CXCR5 is up-regulated in podocytes. In conclusion, podocytes in culture and podocytes in human kidney sections express a set of chemokine receptors. The release of oxygen radicals that accompanies the activation of CCRs and CXCRs may contribute to podocyte injury and the development of proteinuria during membranous nephropathy.
Chemotherapy Alone Compared with Chemotherapy plus Radiotherapy for Localized Intermediate- and High-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (1998)

Three cycles of CHOP followed by involved-field radiotherapy are superior to eight cycles of CHOP alone for the treatment of localized intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
The impact of far-UVC radiation (200–230 nm) on pathogens, cells, skin, and eyes – a collection and analysis of a hundred years of data (2021)

<b>Background:</b> The ongoing coronavirus pandemic requires new disinfection approaches, especially for airborne viruses. The 254 nm emission of low-pressure vacuum lamps is known for its antimicrobial effect, but unfortunately, this radiation is also harmful to human cells. Some researchers published reports that short-wavelength ultraviolet light in the spectral region of 200-230 nm (far-UVC) should inactivate pathogens without harming human cells, which might be very helpful in many applications. <b>Methods:</b> A literature search on the impact of far-UVC radiation on pathogens, cells, skin and eyes was performed and median log-reduction doses for different pathogens and wavelengths were calculated. Observed damage to cells, skin and eyes was collected and presented in standardized form. <b>Results:</b> More than 100 papers on far-UVC disinfection, published within the last 100 years, were found. Far-UVC radiation, especially the 222 nm emission of KrCl excimer lamps, exhibits strong antimicrobial properties. The average necessary log-reduction doses are 1.3 times higher than with 254 nm irradiation. A dose of 100 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> reduces all pathogens by several orders of magnitude without harming human cells, if optical filters block emissions above 230 nm. <b>Conclusion:</b> The approach is very promising, especially for temporary applications, but the data is still sparse. Investigations with high far-UVC doses over a longer period of time have not yet been carried out, and there is no positive study on the impact of this radiation on human eyes. Additionally, far-UVC sources are unavailable in larger quantities. Therefore, this is not a short-term solution for the current pandemic, but may be suitable for future technological approaches for decontamination in rooms in the presence of people or for antisepsis.
Saddle-Shaped Mitral Valve Annuloplasty Rings Experience Lower Forces Compared With Flat Rings (2008)

Saddle-shaped annuloplasty rings provide superior uniform annular force distribution compared to flat rings and appear to represent a configuration that minimizes out-of-plane forces that could potentially be transmitted to leaflets and chords. This may have important implications for annuloplasty ring selections.
Identification and characterization of a 3C-like protease from rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, a calicivirus (1994)

Expression studies conducted in vitro and in Escherichia coli led to the identification of a protease from rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). The gene coding for this protease was found to be located in the central part of the genome preceding the putative RNA polymerase gene. It was demonstrated that the protease specifically cuts RHDV polyprotein substrates both in cis and in trans. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that the RHDV protease closely resembles the 3C proteases of picornaviruses with respect to the amino acids directly involved in the catalytic activity as well as to the role played by histidine as part of the substrate binding pocket.
Functions of Amino Acid Residues in the Active Site ofEscherichia coli Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-Containing Quinoprotein Glucose Dehydrogenase (2000)

Several mutants of quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) in Escherichia coli, located around its cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), were constructed by site-specific mutagenesis and characterized by enzymatic and kinetic analyses. Of these, critical mutants were further characterized after purification or by different amino acid substitutions. H262A mutant showed reduced affinities both for glucose and PQQ without significant effect on glucose oxidase activity, indicating that His-262 occurs very close to PQQ and glucose, but is not the electron acceptor from PQQH(2). W404A and W404F showed pronounced reductions of affinity for PQQ, and the latter rather than the former had equivalent glucose oxidase activity to the wild type, suggesting that Trp-404 may be a support for PQQ and important for the positioning of PQQ. D466N, D466E, and K493A showed very low glucose oxidase activities without influence on the affinity for PQQ. Judging from the enzyme activities of D466E and K493A, as well as their absorption spectra of PQQ during glucose oxidation, we conclude that Asp-466 initiates glucose oxidation reaction by abstraction of a proton from glucose and Lys-493 is involved in electron transfer from PQQH(2).