gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing Glucuronic from Iduronic Acid in Glycosaminoglycan Tetrasaccharides by Using Electron Detachment Dissociation (2007)

Distinguishing the epimers iduronic acid (IdoA) and glucuronic acid (GlcA) has been a long-standing challenge for the mass spectrometry analysis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) oligosaccharides. In this work, electron detachment dissociation (EDD) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry is shown to provide mass spectral features that can distinguish GlcA from IdoA in heparan sulfate (HS) tetrasaccharides. EDD of HS tetrasaccharide dianions produces a radical species that fragments to produce information-rich glycosidic and cross-ring product ions which can be used to determine the sites of acetylation/sulfation. More significantly, EDD of HS tetrasaccharide epimers produces diagnostic product ions that can be used to distinguish IdoA from GlcA. These diagnostic product ions are not observed in the tandem mass spectra obtained by collisionally activated dissociation or infrared multiphoton dissociation of the tetrasaccharides, suggesting a radical-initiated mechanism for their formation. Differences in the observed product ions obtained by EDD of the tetrasaccharide epimers can be rationalized by simple alpha-cleavage of an oxy radical located at C2 or C3 or a radical at C3 or C4. These radicals are proposed to arise from a hydrogen rearrangement in which a hydrogen atom is transferred from the C2 or C3 hydroxyl group or C3 or C4 to a carboxy radical at C5. This hydrogen transfer depends on the proximity of the carboxy radical to the hydroxyl group on C2 or C3 or the hydrogen on C3 or C4 and is thus influenced by C5 stereochemistry. These epimer-sensitive fragmentations should allow this approach to be applied to the structural analysis of a wide variety of GAG oligosaccharides.
Role of the Posterior Papillary Muscle and Purkinje Potentials in the Mechanism of Ventricular Fibrillation in Open Chest Dogs and Swine: Effects of Catheter Ablation (2006)

In dogs and swine, the highest DF and majority of reentrant wavefronts during VF with acute global ischemia or during a propranolol infusion were located on the PPM. RF ablation targeted at the PPM reduced the inducibility of VF in normal dogs. However, the same ablation provoked incessant VF in swine, preventing subsequent testing of VF inducibility.
USE OF TRACK GEOMETRY MEASUREMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE PLANNING (1994)

Track geometry measurements are discussed as a means of evaluating the functional condition of track. Examples are given of track vertical profile geometry data from a heavy haul line obtained by a laser survey and by a track recording car. Bad sites with rapid geometry deterioration are compared with good sites with stable geometry. The mid-chord ordinate measurement procedure used by the recording car is described, and two methods to backcalculate the track longitudinal profile from this measurement are presented. A definition of track roughness based on the vertical geometry data is proposed. Examples are given of the use of roughness to identify track sections having similar maintenance needs and to project the amount of traffic when geometry corrections will be required. The results of the research suggest that considerable potential for cost savings exists from use of track geometry data in maintenance planning beyond that normally considered by the railroad where the measurements were made.
Extraction of dispersed oils from water for quantitative analysis by infrared spectrophotometry (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtraction of dispersed oils from water for quantitative analysis by infrared spectrophotometryMichael. GruenfeldCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1973, 7, 7, 636–639Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60079a012https://doi.org/10.1021/es60079a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hole photocurrents and electron tunnel injection induced by trapped holes in SiO2 films (1975)

The transport and trapping of holes generated by strongly absorbed uv light has been observed in SiO2. Hole photocurrents decay with time under small applied fields because the accumulation of trapped holes in the light-absorbing region counteracts the applied field. However, with increasing applied fields a steady-state hole photocurrent has been observed for the first time. The quantum efficiency for hole collection saturates at 100% as the applied field is increased. A new mechanism for radiation-induced currents has been observed: The trapping of holes near the Si-SiO2 interface enhances Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, producing electron-injection currents nearly two orders of magnitude larger than the photocurrent. Upon cessation of the radiation, these field-induced currents decay slowly with time as trapped holes are gradually annihilated, giving the appearance of very slow carriers being swept out of the oxide. Hole photocurrents increase with field, saturating at about 3 MV/cm. This is interpreted as a decrease in electron-hole pair recombination with increasing field. A qualitative model involving hole transport and trapping near both interfaces satisfactorily explains the experimental results.
Theoretical Analysis of Penalized Maximum-Likelihood Patlak Parametric Image Reconstruction in Dynamic PET for Lesion Detection (2015)

Detecting cancerous lesions is a major clinical application of emission tomography. In a previous work, we studied penalized maximum-likelihood (PML) image reconstruction for lesion detection in static PET. Here we extend our theoretical analysis of static PET reconstruction to dynamic PET. We study both the conventional indirect reconstruction and direct reconstruction for Patlak parametric image estimation. In indirect reconstruction, Patlak parametric images are generated by first reconstructing a sequence of dynamic PET images, and then performing Patlak analysis on the time activity curves (TACs) pixel-by-pixel. In direct reconstruction, Patlak parametric images are estimated directly from raw sinogram data by incorporating the Patlak model into the image reconstruction procedure. PML reconstruction is used in both the indirect and direct reconstruction methods. We use a channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) to assess lesion detectability in Patlak parametric images. Simplified expressions for evaluating the lesion detectability have been derived and applied to the selection of the regularization parameter value to maximize detection performance. The proposed method is validated using computer-based Monte Carlo simulations. Good agreements between the theoretical predictions and the Monte Carlo results are observed. Both theoretical predictions and Monte Carlo simulation results show the benefit of the indirect and direct methods under optimized regularization parameters in dynamic PET reconstruction for lesion detection, when compared with the conventional static PET reconstruction.
Security namespace: making Linux security frameworks available to containers (2018)

Lightweight virtualization (i.e., containers) offers a virtual host environment for applications without the need for a separate kernel, enabling better resource utilization and improved efficiency. However, the shared kernel also prevents containers from taking advantage of security features that are available to traditional VMs and hosts. Containers cannot apply local policies to govern integrity measurement, code execution, mandatory access control, etc. to prevent application-specific security problems. Changes have been proposed to make kernel security mechanisms available to containers, but such changes are often adhoc and expose the challenges of trusting containers to make security decisions without compromising host system or other containers. In this paper, we propose security namespaces, a kernel abstraction that enables containers to have an autonomous control over their security. The security namespace relaxes the global and mandatory assumption of kernel security frameworks, thus enabling containers to independently define security policies and apply them to a limited scope of processes. To preserve security, we propose a routing mechanism that can dynamically dispatch an operation to a set of containers whose security might be affected by the operation, therefore ensuring the security decision made by one container cannot compromise the host or other containers. We demonstrate security namespace by developing namespaces for integrity measurement and mandatory access control in the Linux kernel for use by Docker containers. Results show that security namespaces can effectively mitigate security problems within containers (e.g., malicious code execution) with less than 0.7% additional latency to system call and almost identical application throughput. As a result, security namespaces enable containers to obtain autonomous control over their security without compromising the security of other containers or the host system.
Spatial modeling of the traffic density in cellular networks (2014)

Modeling and simulation of a cellular network typically assumes that the target area is divided into regular hexagonal cells and mobile stations (MSs) are uniformly scattered in each cell. This implies a statistically uniform distribution of traffic load over space, but in reality the spatial traffic distribution is highly non-uniform across different cells, which calls for actual spatial traffic models. In this article, we first present the analysis of traffic measurements collected from commercial cellular networks in China, and demonstrate that the spatial distribution of the traffic density (the traffic load per unit area) can be approximated by the log-normal or Weibull distribution depending on time and space. Then we propose a spatial traffic model which generates large-scale spatial traffic variations by a sum of sinusoids that captures the characteristics of log-normally distributed and spatially correlated cellular traffic. The proposed model can be directly used to generate realistic spatial traffic patterns for cellular network simulations, such as performance evaluations of network planning and load balancing.
Enhancing Driver Car-Following Performance with a Distance and Acceleration Display (2012)

A car-following assisting system named the rear window notification display (RWND) was developed, with the aim of improving a driver's manual car-following performance. The RWND presented lead-car acceleration and time headway (THW) (i.e., intervehicle distance divided by the speed of the following car) on the rear window of a lead car, which was driven automatically. A simulator-based experiment with 22 participants showed that the RWND reduced both the mean and standard deviation of THW but did not increase the occurrence of potentially unsafe headways of less than 1 s. The parameter estimation of a common linear car-following model showed that drivers accomplished the performance improvements by adopting higher control gains with respect to intervehicle distance, relative speed, and acceleration. A postexperiment questionnaire revealed that the display was generally not regarded as a distraction nor did participants think that it provided too much information, with means of 4.0 and 2.9, respectively, on a scale from one (completely disagree) to ten (completely agree). The results of this study suggest that the RWND can be used along with Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control to increase traffic flow without degrading safety.
Laboratory evaluation of the Boehringer Mannheim "Hitachi 705" automatic analyzer. (1983)

We evaluated a new multi-channel chemistry analyzer, the Hitachi 705 Automatic Analyzer, marketed by Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics, Inc. The instrument is a computer-controlled discrete analyzer, which can be run in a combination profile mode and single-test mode. Sixteen different tests per sample may be performed at the rate of 180 tests per hour. The Hitachi 705 is especially suitable for use in hospitals that do not perform profile testing. Precision and linearity were excellent and the instrument was relatively trouble-free, with little operator attention required during operation. The Hitachi 705 was easily interfaced to our laboratory computer. We compared the performance of the instrument with that of the Du Pont aca; the two instruments compared favorably.
Ablative fast pyrolysis of biomass in the entrained-flow cyclonic reactor at SERI (1982)

Progress with the entrained flow cyclonic reactor at SERI is detailed. Feedstocks successfully used include wood flour and fairly large sawdust. Preliminary results show that relatively complete vaporization of the biomass is realized and that the yields of tar or gas can be varied over quite a range with trends following first order kinetic concepts.
Stomatal response to humidity in sugarcane and soybean: effect of vapour pressure difference on the kinetics of the blue light response (1990)

Abstract. The effect of atmospheric humidity on the kinetics of stomatal responses was quantified in gas exchange experiments using sugarcane ( Saccharum spp. hybrid) and soybean ( Glycine max ). Pulses of blue light were used to elicit pulses of stomatal conductance that were mediated by the specific blue light response of guard cells. Kinetic parameters of the conductance response were more closely related to leaf‐air vapour pressure difference (VPD) than to relative humidity or transpiration. Increasing VPD significantly accelerated stomatal opening in both sugarcane and soybean, despite an approximately five‐fold faster response in sugarcane. In contrast, the kinetics of stomatal recovery (closure) following the pulse were similar in the two species. Acceleration of opening by high VPD was observed even under conditions where soybean exhibited a feedforward response of decreasing transpiration (E) with increasing evaporative demand (VPD). This result suggests that epidermal, rather than bulk leaf, water status mediates the VPD effect on stomatal kinetics. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that increased cpidermal water loss at high VPD decreases the backpressure exerted by neighbouring cells on guard cells. allowing more rapid stomatal opening per unit of guard cell metabolic response to blue light.
Nanoscale magnetometry using a single-spin system in diamond (2011)

We propose a protocol to estimate magnetic fields using a single nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) center in diamond, where the estimate precision scales inversely with time, $\ensuremath{\delta}B~1/T$, rather than the square-root of time, $\ensuremath{\delta}B~1/\sqrt{T}$. The method is based on converting the task of magnetometry into phase estimation, performing quantum phase estimation on a single N-V nuclear spin using either adaptive or nonadaptive feedback control, and the recently demonstrated capability to perform single-shot readout within the N-V [P. Neumann et al., Science 329, 542 (2010)]. We present numerical simulations to show that our method provides an estimate whose precision scales close to $~$$1/T$ ($T~$ the total estimation time), and moreover will give an unambiguous estimate of the static magnetic field experienced by the N-V. By combining this protocol with recent proposals for scanning magnetometry using an N-V, our protocol will provide a significant decrease in signal acquisition time while providing an unambiguous spatial map of the magnetic field.
Electrostatic detection of density variations in green-state powder metallurgy compacts (2002)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Georg Leuenberger, Reinhold Ludwig, Diran Apelian; Electrostatic detection of density variations in green-state powder metallurgy compacts. AIP Conf. Proc. 25 May 2002; 615 (1): 1470–1477. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1472967 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Fiber Grating-Assisted Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biochemical and Electrochemical Sensing (2016)

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical fiber sensors can be used as a cost-effective and relatively simple-to-implement alternative to well established bulky prism configurations for in situ high sensitivity biochemical and electrochemical measurements. The miniaturized size and remote operation ability offer them a multitude of opportunities for single-point sensing in hard-to-reach spaces, even possibly in vivo . Grating-assisted and polarization control are two key properties of fiber-optic SPR sensors to achieve unprecedented sensitivities and limits of detection. The biosensor configuration presented here utilizes a nanoscale metal-coated tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) imprinted in a commercial single-mode fiber core with no structural modifications. Such sensor provides an additional resonant mechanism of high-density narrow cladding mode spectral combs that overlap with the broader absorption of the surface plasmon for high accuracy interrogation. In this paper, we briefly review the principle, characterization and implementation of plasmonic TFBG sensors, followed by our recent developments of the “surface” and “localized” affinity studies of the biomolecules for real life problems and the electrochemical actives of electroactive biofilms for clean energy resources.
Determination and Presentation of Compressive Stress-Strain Data for Thin Sheet Metal (1946)

Various methods of obtaining the compressive stress-strain curve of thin sheet metal are described, and their advantages and limitations are briefly discussed. The presentation of stressstrain data in dimensionless form is outlined, and the advantages of such a presentation in correcting for the effect of variations in yield strength and in Young's modulus are brought out. Attention is called to a classification of stress-strain curves by shape factors following a three-parameter formula proposed by Osgood.
Activation of Mast Cells by Acupuncture Stimuli (2012)

In traditional Chinese medicine, selected points on the body surface, the acupuncture points, are treated by various physical stimuli. Degranulation of subcutaneous mast cells has been suggested to be involved in initiation of the acupuncture effects. Here we give an overview on our recent research illustrating that ion channels in mast cell membranes can be activated by mechanical and red-laser-light stimuli. These stimuli can induce degranulation of the human mast cell line HMC1 as well as mast cells in connective tissue of rats. For HMC1 we also could show that the stimulation led to an increase in intracellular Ca2+. Activation of transient receptor potential channels sensitive to valinoid (TRPV) may be involved in initiation of the degranulation process. A stretch-activated anion channel may also be involved.
Variable-stiffness Sheets Obtained using Fabric Jamming and their applications in force displays (2017)

The stiffness of a bag containing particles can be increased by evacuating the air inside it. This stiffness-control technology, referred to as granular jamming, has been used in force displays. In such displays, the operator feels a reaction-force sensation when deforming the bag with a hand motion. The particle-containing bag can be deformed into any shape; however, the bag cannot be converted into a thin plate. This study proposes a sheet-like mechanism that, rather than particles, contains piled-stretch fabrics inside a thin rubber bag. The sheet becomes rigid after evacuating the air from the bag, with stiffness proportional to the vacuum pressure inside the bag as observed in the granular-jamming method. The sheet thickness, which is determined using the number of piled-fabric layers, is approximately in the range of 1-5 mm. The softness and stretchability of the sheet allows it to form a spherical shape and maintain that shape after vacuuming the inner air. This study demonstrates the fundamental properties of a variable-stiffness sheet and its applications in force displays.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐I and transforming growth factor‐α stimulate differentiation of type A spermatogonia in organ culture of adult mouse cryptorchid testes (1995)

This study assessed the effect of growth factors on testicular germ cell differentiation in vitro. Testicular fragments of experimentally prepared cryptorchid testes of adult mice were cultured for 9 days in serum-free media containing various concentrations of IGF-I, TGF-alpha, FGF, and PDGF. Their histology was then examined under a light microscope. Each type of germ cell and mitotic cell in the seminiferous tubules was counted per 1000 Sertoli cells. IGF-I at a concentration of 10 ng/ml induced maximal differentiation of type A spermatogonia. TGF-alpha at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 ng/ml also stimulated differentiation, whereas FGF and PDGF did not show any stimulation of spermatogonial differentiation in this experimental system.
Data-delineation in software binaries and its application to buffer-overrun discovery (2015)

Detecting memory-safety violations in binaries is complicated by the lack of knowledge of the intended data layout, i.e., the locations and sizes of objects. We present lightweight, static, heuristic analyses for recovering the intended layout of data in a stripped binary. Comparison against DWARF debugging information shows high precision and recall rates for inferring source-level object boundaries. On a collection of benchmarks, our analysis eliminates a third to a half of incorrect object boundaries identified by an IDA Pro-inspired heuristic, while retaining nearly all valid object boundaries. In addition to measuring their accuracy directly, we evaluate the effect of using the recovered data for improving the precision of static buffer-overrun detection in the defect-detection tool CodeSonar/x86. We demonstrate that CodeSonar's false-positive rate drops by about 80% across our internal evaluation suite for the tool, while our approximation of CodeSonar's recall only degrades about 25%.