gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A state encoding for self-checking finite state machines (2002)

The design of self-checking FSMs can be achieved by adopting an encoding for the state, for the output or for both. In this paper a state encoding in which the Hamming distance between each state and its possible next states is constant is proposed. The adoption of such an encoding and the application of specific techniques for achieving a complete fault detection property for faults occurring in the next-state logic are presented. Area overhead and fault coverage results on a set of MCNC benchmark FSMs are provided.
광역경제권하의 지역간 인구이동 (2010)

본고는 수도권 규제완화와 동시에 추진되고 있는 광역경제권 발전전략이 수도권과 비수도권 사이의 인구이동에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 그리하여 현재의 재정지출 구조와 투자인센티브 아래에서 비수도권에서 수도권으로의 인구집중을 더욱 심화시킬 수 있음을 발견하였다. 따라서 광역경제권 발전전략을 추진하면서 수도권으로의 인구집중을 억제하고자 한다면 다음의 사항을 정책에 반영하는 것이 바람직하다. 첫째, 수도권 과밀집중의 외부불경제를 절감하기 위한 공공투자 재원은 향후 수도권 지자체의 지방재정과 과밀유발 행위에 대한 부담금 등을 통해서 해결해야 한다. 둘째, 비수도권 지역과 수도권 지역이 서로 균등한 조건에서 기업투자를 유인할 수 있도록 법인세 차등감면을 골자로 하는 지역별 차등화 지원정책을 과감히 도입할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 비수도권의 선도산업 분야에 적정한 규모의 투자 유인을 위해서는 기존 주력산업과의 연계성 강화, 지역의 대기업을 비롯한 중소기업의 자발적 참여여건 조성, 스스로 자립하고 혁신하고자 하는 지역문화의 창출 등을 고려하는 종합적 접근이 필요하다.
MR imaging-guided breast intervention: experience with two systems. (1995)

Both systems are suitable for fine-needle biopsy and preoperative localization of lesions seen exclusively on MR images.
LONG-TERM RELIABILITY, BURN-IN, AND ANALYSIS OF OUTGASSING IN AU-SI EUTECTIC WAFER-LEVEL VACUUM PACKAGES (2006)

An investigation on outgassing is presented in micro-vacuum packages fabricated using Au-Si eutectic bonding. Without getters, package pressures ranging from 2 to 12 Torr were observed-it was shown that these relatively higher micro-vacuum pressures are consistent with outgassing theory. Using Nangetters TM , pressures ranging from 1 to 16 mTorr were achieved. Fourteen devices were kept in a controlled environment and tested for 437 days with 2 mTorr variation in pressure. Five devices from this lot were taken out of the controlled environment and incidentally exposed to 40C temperatures and low frequency vibration resulting in wide fluctuations in pressure. Exposing these devices to 150 C up to 21 hours served as a "burn-in" step, stabilizing pressures at just above 10 mTorr. Pressures varied by no more than 1 mTorr for the remainder of the 100 hours at 150C and for 50 thermal cycles from -65 to 150C.
Forced Intercalation Probes (FIT Probes): Thiazole Orange as a Fluorescent Base in Peptide Nucleic Acids for Homogeneous Single‐Nucleotide‐Polymorphism Detection (2004)

Fluorescent base analogues in DNA are versatile probes of nucleic acid-nucleic acid and nucleic acid-protein interactions. New peptide nucleic acid (PNA) based probes are described in which the intercalator dye thiazole orange (TO) serves as a base surrogate. The investigation of six TO derivatives revealed that the linker length and the conjugation site decided whether a base surrogate conveys sequence-selective DNA binding and whether fluorescence is increased or decreased upon single-mismatched hybridization. One TO derivative conferred universal PNA-DNA base pairing while maintaining duplex stability and hybridization selectivity. TO fluorescence increased up to 26-fold upon hybridization. In contrast to most other probes, in which fluorescence is invariant once hybridization had occurred, the emission of TO-containing PNA probes is attenuated when forced to intercalate next to a mismatched base pair. The specificity of DNA detection is therefore not limited by the selectivity of probe-target binding and a DNA target can be distinguished from its single-base mutant under nonstringent hybridization conditions. This property should be of advantage for real-time quantitative PCR and nucleic acid detection within living cells.
Incremental focus of attention for robust visual tracking (1996)

We present the Incremental Focus of Attention (IFA) architecture for adding robustness to software-based, real-time, motion trackers. The framework provides a structure which, when given the entire camera image to search, efficiently focuses the attention of the system into a narrow set of possible slates that includes the target state. IFA offers a means for automatic tracking initialization and reinitialization when environmental conditions momentarily deteriorate and cause the system to lose track of its target. Systems based on the framework degrade gracefully as various assumptions about the environment are violated. In particular, multiple tracking algorithms are layered so that the failure of a single algorithm causes another algorithm of less precision to take over, thereby allowing the system to return approximate feature state information.
DETERMINATION OF REALISTIC CUTOFF DATES FOR LATE-SEASON CONSTRUCTION WITH LIME-FLY ASH AND LIME-CEMENT-FLY ASH MIXTURES (1973)

The strength and durability of lime-fly ash and lime-cement-fly ash materials are known to be related to both temperature and time of curing. Combining these two variables into a single parameter, degree-days, provides a means for correlating tie and temperature to strength development of lime-fly ash and lime-cement-fly ash mixtures. Through the use of a theoretical heat-flow model and first-order weather station data, the curing temperatures of the materials in place were determined, and the degree-days expected for these materials under field curing were calcualted for the critical construction period. Cutoff dates were established as the last days that these materials could be placed and still have sufficient time for curing before the onset of freezing weather. A frequency analysis was made on the calcualted cutoff dates obtained from 20 years of weather data to establish realistic cutoff dates for placing stabilized materials on a probabilistic basis. The addition of small quantities of porland cement to the standard lime-fly ash mixture as an expedient for late-season construction appears beneficial. The frequency analysis of results from mixtures with the cement additive indicated that the construction season can be extended approximately 3 weeks in the Chicago area by the addition of small quantities of cement.
The <scp>TRANSPLANTA</scp> collection of <scp>A</scp>rabidopsis lines: a resource for functional analysis of transcription factors based on their conditional overexpression (2014)

Transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators of gene expression in all organisms. In eukaryotes, TFs are often represented by functionally redundant members of large gene families. Overexpression might prove a means to unveil the biological functions of redundant TFs; however, constitutive overexpression of TFs frequently causes severe developmental defects, preventing their functional characterization. Conditional overexpression strategies help to overcome this problem. Here, we report on the TRANSPLANTA collection of Arabidopsis lines, each expressing one of 949 TFs under the control of a β-estradiol-inducible promoter. Thus far, 1636 independent homozygous lines, representing an average of 2.6 lines for every TF, have been produced for the inducible expression of 634 TFs. Along with a GUS-GFP reporter, randomly selected TRANSPLANTA lines were tested and confirmed for conditional transgene expression upon β-estradiol treatment. As a proof of concept for the exploitation of this resource, β-estradiol-induced proliferation of root hairs, dark-induced senescence, anthocyanin accumulation and dwarfism were observed in lines conditionally expressing full-length cDNAs encoding RHD6, WRKY22, MYB123/TT2 and MYB26, respectively, in agreement with previously reported phenotypes conferred by these TFs. Further screening performed with other TRANSPLANTA lines allowed the identification of TFs involved in different plant biological processes, illustrating that the collection is a powerful resource for the functional characterization of TFs. For instance, ANAC058 and a TINY/AP2 TF were identified as modulators of ABA-mediated germination potential, and RAP2.10/DEAR4 was identified as a regulator of cell death in the hypocotyl-root transition zone. Seeds of TRANSPLANTA lines have been deposited at the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre for further distribution.
Chemical Pesticides Mode of Action and Toxicology (2004)

Environmental-friendliness, issues of public health, and the pros and cons of genetically-modified crops all receive regular coverage in the world's media. This, in turn, has led to increased questioning and investigation of chemical pesticides. Stenersen's concise and timely introduction to chemical pesticides describes these compounds according to their mode of action at the cellular and biochemical level. Chemical Pesticides provides answers to questions such as why pesticides are toxic to the target organism and why pesticides are toxic to some organisms and not others. It describes how various poisons interfere with biochemical processes in organisms. The book also explores how resistance to pesticides develops, how resistance can be used to illustrate the theory of evolution, and how it can be used to produce herbicide-resistant crop plants. Legal matters and potential environmental problems are also discussed. By providing an integrated, yet simple description of modern chemical pesticides, the author provides a relevant text for professionals and students in biological disciplines such as biochemistry, medicine, agriculture, and veterinary science.
A new algorithm for order statistic and sorting (1993)

An algorithm for rank filtering and stack filtering is presented. This algorithm is simple and results in fast and easy implementations. Various implementations of the algorithm are described, and the H-tree design is shown to be most area efficient. Also introduced is a modification of the filtering algorithm that results in better implement sorting.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and Arf6-regulated membrane traffic (2001)

ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) 6 regulates the movement of membrane between the plasma membrane (PM) and a nonclathrin-derived endosomal compartment and activates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP 5-kinase), an enzyme that generates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Here, we show that PIP2 visualized by expressing a fusion protein of the pleckstrin homology domain from PLCdelta and green fluorescent protein (PH-GFP), colocalized with Arf6 at the PM and on tubular endosomal structures. Activation of Arf6 by expression of its exchange factor EFA6 stimulated protrusion formation, the uptake of PM into macropinosomes enriched in PIP2, and recycling of this membrane back to the PM. By contrast, expression of Arf6 Q67L, a GTP hydrolysis-resistant mutant, induced the formation of PIP2-positive actin-coated vacuoles that were unable to recycle membrane back to the PM. PM proteins, such as beta1-integrin, plakoglobin, and major histocompatibility complex class I, that normally traffic through the Arf6 endosomal compartment became trapped in this vacuolar compartment. Overexpression of human PIP 5-kinase alpha mimicked the effects seen with Arf6 Q67L. These results demonstrate that PIP 5-kinase activity and PIP2 turnover controlled by activation and inactivation of Arf6 is critical for trafficking through the Arf6 PM-endosomal recycling pathway.
Small-Volume Resuscitation From Hemorrhagic Shock Using High-Molecular-Weight Tense-State Polymerized Hemoglobins (2011)

Appropriately engineered PolyHb will enhance/reinstate oxygenation, without hypertension or vasoconstriction, to be used in situations where blood transfusion is not logistically feasible.
An 800mW fully-integrated 130nm CMOS DC-DC step-down multi-phase converter, with on-chip spiral inductors and capacitors (2009)

A fully-integrated DC-DC step-down four-phase converter in a 130 nm 1.2 V CMOS technology is realized. Integrated metal-track inductors and integrated MOS and MIM capacitors are used for the output filter. No external components are required. The converter is designed to generate an output voltage of 1.2 V out of a 2.6 V supply voltage. Stacked transistors are used to cope with the high voltage. The maximum power conversion efficiency is 58 %, for a voltage conversion ratio of 0.46. This yields a 21 % efficiency enhancement factor over a linear regulator. The maximum output power of 800 mW is the highest ever reported for a fully-integrated DC-DC converter, by the authors knowledge. A novel control system, based on a semi-constant on/off-time keeps the output voltage constant at varying load and line conditions. Moreover it ensures stability over the entire load range from 0 mW to 800 mW.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Directions of Cyclization of α‐Diazo‐β‐dithioamides. New Rearrangements of 1,2,3‐Triazole‐4‐carbothiamides. (1990)

Abstract The cyclization processes are studied of diazomalonodithioamides such as (III), (VI), (X), generated by five different methods two of which are shown in the scheme.
Periorbital Hyperpigmentation in Asians: An Epidemiologic Study and a Proposed Classification (2011)

Periorbital hyperpigmentation (POH) presents with a dark area surrounding the eyelids. It is an ill-defined condition, and the pathogenesis can be multifactorial.This epidemiologic study was conducted to assess the prevalence of periorbital hyperpigmentation in Singapore in an attempt to propose a classification.One thousand consecutive patients attending the general dermatology clinic at the National Skin Center were enrolled in the study to assess for POH, of whom 200 with POH were examined and investigated to define the cause of POH. The possible causes were determined according to a detailed history, clinical examination, and assessment by three dermatologists. The extent of the POH was measured using a mexameter.The commonest form of POH was the vascular type (41.8%), followed by constitutional (38.6%), postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (12%), and shadow effects (11.4%). The vascular type was seen predominantly in Chinese, whereas as the constitutional type was most common in Indians and Malays.The vascular form of POH was the predominant type. We propose a comprehensive classification for POH that we hope will influence the choice of treatment modalities used in managing POH in the future.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ZIRCONIUMNIOBIUM-MOLYBDENUM SYSTEM (1963)

An investigation of the zirconium- niobium- molybdenum ternary alloys showed that the penitectic point of liquid Mo in equilibrium ZrMo/sub 2 at the composition of 32.2% zirconium at 1880 deg C probably decreases its temperature gradually with increasing niobium content and coincides with the eutectic point of liquid in equilibrium BETA solid solution + ZrMo/sub 2/ at the composition of 69% zirconium. The exact point where the peritectic reaction changes to the eutectic reaction could not be determined. No ternary compound may exist in the zirconium- niobium - molybdenum ternary system. A ternary eutectoid reaction was found to occur at about 535 deg C in the system. The non-variant point is assumed to be probably in the vicinity of 13% niobium and 8% molybdenum. The systematic equilibrium diagram obtained from the results and theoretical consi eration is illustrated. (P.C.H.)
Effects of the Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on NMDA-Receptor Gene Expression and Visual Working Memory in Male Rhesus Macaques (2018)

In short, these results indicate that ELF (12 Hz) may have a beneficial value for memory enhancement (indicated by the increase in VWM scores). This may be due to an increase in plasma melatonin and or expression of NMDA glutamate receptors. However, direct involvement of the hippocampus in this process needs more research.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the NR2B Subunit of the NMDA Receptor in the Spinal Cord during the Development and Maintenance of Inflammatory Hyperalgesia (2002)

The present study examined the levels of NMDA receptor NR2 subunit tyrosine phosphorylation in a rat model of inflammation and correlated it with the development of inflammation and hyperalgesia. Hindpaw inflammation and hyperalgesia were induced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. Proteins from the spinal cord (L4-L5) were immunoprecipitated with anti-NR2A or anti-NR2B antibodies and used for subsequent analysis using 4G-10, a specific anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. Compared with naive rats, there was a rapid and prolonged increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of the NR2B, but not NR2A, subunit after inflammation. The increase in NR2B tyrosine phosphorylation was dependent on primary afferent drive because (1) the phosphorylation correlated with the temporal profile of inflammation and hyperalgesia, (2) shorter-duration noxious stimulation produced a rapid and shorter-lasting increase in phosphorylation, and (3) local anesthetic block of the injected paw reversibly blocked inflammation-induced NR2B tyrosine phosphorylation and delayed hyperalgesia. The increase in NR2B tyrosine phosphorylation was abolished by intrathecal pretreatment with genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor; PP2, an Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor; AIDA, a group I metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; L733,060, an NK1 tachykinin receptor antagonist, and chelerythrine, a protein kinase C inhibitor. In addition, intrathecal PP2 delayed the onset of mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia. These findings correlate in vivo NMDA receptor tyrosine phosphorylation with the development and maintenance of inflammatory hyperalgesia and suggest that signal transduction upstream to NR2B tyrosine phosphorylation involves G-protein-coupled receptors and PKC and Src family protein tyrosine kinases.
Functionalization of polymeric organolithium compounds. Oxidation (1984)

Abstract The oxidation of poly(styryl)lithium with molecular oxygen was investigated in the solid state (with and without N , N , N ′, N ′‐tetramethylethylenediamine) in benzene (with and without N , N , N ′, N ′‐tetramethylethylenediamine) and in benzene/tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions. The oxidation products included the corresponding polystyrene dimer [(PS) 2 ], the dimeric poly(styrene) peroxide (PSO 2 PS), poly(styrene) hydroperoxide (PSO 2 H), and the hydroxyl‐terminated polymer (PSOH). The hithertofore unreported macroperoxide (PSO 2 PS) accounts for approximately 50% of the dimeric product obtained from poly(styryl)lithium oxidations in the presence of Lewis bases. The total amount of peroxide products was determined by iodometric titration in the presence of a phase‐transfer catalyst, dicyclohexyl‐18‐crown‐6. On the basis of the effect of polar additives on the amount of dimeric products, it is concluded that dimer formation in the air termination of polymeric organolithium compounds results from oxidation and not carbonation reactions.
High-Efficiency Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier using Mode Field Diameter Adjusting Technique (1991)

For efficient operation of an Er-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) at 1.55 µm band it is essential to maximize the pump intensity in the Er-doped region because of the three level system [1], A high NA structure of EDF is effective to reduce the mode field diameter (MFD) of the pump and to achieve strong pump intensity [2], and has resulted in excellent gain performance [3],[4], In practical use, however, such small MFD fibers have a connection/splicing problem due to the mode field diameter mismatching. For example, approximately 1 dB splice loss is expected between an EDF with a 5 µm MFD and a conventional dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) with a 8 µm MFD. The smaller MFD of EDF, the higher splice loss. The increase of splicing loss causes noise figure degradation in pre-amplifiers and decreasing of conversion efficiency in booster amplifiers.
A Monochrome Light-Emitting Diode Moiré Deflectometry Technique for Two-Dimensional Temperature Measurement (2014)

This article develops low cost moiré deflectometry for two-dimensional temperature measurement in free boundary environment. Experimental setup uses a red monochrome light-emitting diode (LED) lamp with wavelength range of 625–635 nm as light source. In process, the light first runs through the convex lens and then propagates to the parabolic mirror with diameter of 406 mm and f/4.5 for generating the parallel light. The parallel light further propagates to test object and through two gratings both with pitch of 254 lpi which are printed by laser printer. Behind the two gratings, a CCD camera is applied to capture the image, the distorted fringes. Based on the moiré deflectometry theory, the two-dimensional temperature distribution in free boundary environment can be determined in terms of the captured fringe shift analysis. This work has successfully measured the two-dimensional temperature distribution in free boundary environment with heat source models of 40–95 °C vertical wall, 60 W light bulb, and burning candle flame. The measured temperature deviations between moiré deflectometry and thermocouple thermometer are all less than 5%.
Systems-level view of cocaine addiction: The interconnection of the immune and nervous systems (2014)

The human body is a complex assembly of physiological systems designed to manage the multidirectional transport of both information and nutrients. An intricate interplay between the nervous, circulatory, and secretory systems is therefore necessary to sustain life, allow delivery of nutrients and therapeutic drugs, and eliminate metabolic waste products and toxins. These systems also provide vulnerable routes for modification by substances of abuse. Addictive substances are, by definition, neurologically active, but as they and their metabolites are spread throughout the body via the nervous, circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems, there is abundant opportunity for interaction with numerous cell and tissue types. Cocaine is one such substance that exerts a broad physiological effect. While a great deal of the research concerning addiction has addressed the neurological effects of cocaine use, only a few studies have been aimed at delineating the role that cocaine plays in various body systems. In this paper, we probe the current research regarding cocaine and the immune system, and map a systems-level view to outline a broader perspective of the biological response to cocaine. Specifically, our overview of the neurological and immunomodulatory effects of the drug will allow a broader perspective of the biological response to cocaine. The focus of this review is on the connection between the nervous and immune systems and the role this connection plays in the long-term complications of cocaine use. By describing the multiplicity of these connections, we hope to inspire detailed investigations into the immunological interplay in cocaine addiction.
Phosphatase and tensin homologue phosphorylation in the C‐terminal regulatory domain is frequently observed in acute myeloid leukaemia and associated with poor clinical outcome (2003)

Phosphorylation of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) affects PTEN protein stability and function. In this study, phosphorylated PTEN (pPTEN) was observed in 45 (73.8%) of 61 cases with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream molecules [FKHR; Forkhead (Drosophila) homologue 1; and GSK-3beta; glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta] was significantly associated with pPTEN (P < 0.001). The complete remission rates were not different with respect to pPTEN, but overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with pPTEN (P < 0.05). Constitutive PTEN phosphorylation may add insight into the molecular pathogenesis of AML, and may be a new parameter for an unfavourable outcome.