gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Magnetotransport at High Bias in Quasimagnetic Tunnel Junctions with EuS Spin-Filter Barriers (2007)

In quasimagnetic tunnel junctions with a EuS spin-filter tunnel barrier between Al and Co electrodes, we observed large magnetoresistance (MR). The bias dependence shows an abrupt increase of MR ratio in high bias voltage, which is contrary to conventional magnetic tunnel junctions. This behavior can be understood as due to Fowler-Nordheim tunneling through the fully spin-polarized EuS conduction band. The I-V characteristics and bias dependence of MR calculated using tunneling theory show excellent agreement with experiment.
The Case of a Precognition Optical Packet Switch (2009)

This paper describes simulation analysis of an optical packet switch that has a limited capability to "see" packets that have not yet arrived at the input port. The goal of the effort is to design a variable-length optical packet switch without random access buffering. Relying on this future information, the switch tries to maximize the number of bytes switched. While we found that this optimization does not improve the throughput significantly, we are currently studying improvements of this architecture that hold greater promise.
Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions and Mechanisms (1999)

1. Introduction. 2. Electrocyclic Reactions. 3. Cycloaddition and Cycloreversion Reactions. 4. Sigmatropic Reactions. 5. Linear Free-Energy Relationships. 6. Migrations to Electron-Deficient Centers. 7. Neighboring Group Effects and Nonclassical Cations. 8. Rearrangements of Carbanions and Free Radicals. 9. Carbenes, Carbenoids, and Nitrenes. 10. Photochemistry. 11. Six-Membered Heterocyclic Rings. 12. Five-Membered Heterocyclic Rings 13. Organophosphorus and Organosulfur Chemistry.
An Optimized Method for Delivering Flow Tracer Particles to Intravital Fluid Environments in the Developing Zebrafish (2012)

Growing evidence suggests that intravital flow-structure interactions are critical morphogens for normal embryonic development and disease progression, but fluid mechanical studies aimed at investigating these interactions have been limited in their ability to visualize and quantify fluid flow. In this study, we describe a protocol for injecting small (≤1.0 μm) tracer particles into fluid beds of the larval zebrafish to facilitate microscale fluid mechanical analyses. The microinjection apparatus and associated borosilicate pipette design, typically blunt-tipped with a 2-4 micron tip O.D., yielded highly linear (r(2)=0.99) in vitro bolus ejection volumes. The physical characteristics of the tracer particles were optimized for efficient particle delivery. Seeding densities suitable for quantitative blood flow mapping (≥50 thousand tracers per fish) were routinely achieved and had no adverse effects on zebrafish physiology or long-term survivorship. The data and methods reported here will prove valuable for a broad range of in vivo imaging technologies [e.g., particle-tracking velocimetry, μ-Doppler, digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV), and 4-dimensional-DPIV] which rely on tracer particles to visualize and quantify fluid flow in the developing zebrafish.
In Vitro Antimalarial Activity of Eight Essential Oils (1997)

Abstract Essential oils of eight plants were prepared by hydrodistillation of leaves and twigs (stems) of Artemisia vulgaris, Eucalyptus globulus, Myrtus communis, Juniperus communis, Lavandula angusti/olia, Origanum vulgare, Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis. Their oil components were characterized by GC and MS. These oils were then tested for in vitro antimalarial activity on Plasmodium falciparum. Two strains of P. falciparum were tested: FcBl-Columbia (chloroquine-resistant) and a Nigerian chloroquine-sensitive strain. Concentrations inhibiting 50% of the parasite in vitro growth, obtained after 24 and 72 h contact between the oil and the parasite culture, ranged from 150 μg/mL to 1 mg/mL. The best results were obtained with Myrtus communis and Rosmarinus officinalis oils which inhibited P. falciparum at concentrations ranging from 150 to 270 μg/mL.
Effects of betaine on body composition, performance, and homocysteine thiolactone (2013)

Six-weeks of betaine supplementation improved body composition, arm size, bench press work capacity, attenuated the rise in urinary HCTL, and tended to improve power (p = .07) but not strength.
Collaborative Study Comparing the Spiral Plate and Aerobic Plate Count Methods (1977)

The spiral plate count method is a semiautomated plating technique that greatly reduces manpower and material costs normally associated with the pour plating technique. In this collaborative study, 8 laboratories compared the spiral and pour plating techniques, using 4 samples each of 3 products: frozen pumpkin pie, frozen chicken pot pie, and shampoo. The results show that 10 of the 12 comparisons of means of the pour and spiral methods were not significantly different; 2 values were significant at alpha = 0.01. Overall, the components of variance were less than that of the current milk standard, and the replicate per cent coefficient of variation was satisfactory. This study indicates that the spiral plate method is an acceptable alternative to the pour plate method; the spiral plate method has been adopted as official first action.
Easing Behaviour Problems (1975)

Dr. Jennifer Cook, lecturer in special and remedial education, describes a course in behaviour modification for remedial and special school teachers at Jordanhill College of Education, Glasgow
Human cellular inflammation in the pathology of acute cerebral ischaemia (2003)

Leucocytes form important effector pathways for inflammation. This article reviews the clinical evidence for the presence of a cellular inflammatory response in cerebral ischaemia, and attempts to define its temporal profile and spatial distribution. The processes involved in recruitment and activation of leucocytes in this context are addressed, and the successes and failures of interventions aimed at these processes discussed.
Sexual hybridization of Lycopersicon esculentum and Solanum rickii by means of a sesquidiploid bridging hybrid. (1990)

A sesquidiploid hybrid having two genomes of Lycopersicon esculentum and one of Solanum lycopersicoides served as a pistillate bridging parent in crosses with Solanum rickii to produce L. esculentum x S. rickii hybrid progeny. Of the four progeny obtained, one (GH2754) was diploid and three were aneuploid with extra S. lycopersicoides chromosomes. The hybrids had morphological features of both parents, but attributes of the wild parent dominated. The hybrid nature of the four progeny was confirmed by isozyme, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and cytological analyses. A mean of 9.15 bivalents was observed in pollen mother cells of GH2754. A high level of pollen abortion was seen in all hybrids. Crosses of the hybrids with staminate S. rickii yielded one backcross individual, revealing a very low, but certain level of female fertility. Colchicine treatment of GH2754 generated one promising amphidiploid hybrid, which exhibited strong preferential chromosome pairing (94% of the examined cells had 24 bivalents) and appreciable pollen fertility (43% stainable). Chromosome pairing, isozyme, and restriction fragment length polymorphism data support a very close relationship between the two Solanum spp. and a much greater distance between them and L. esculentum, but the data do not discriminate between them in respect to their distances from the latter. The cytological and molecular observations, previous reports of successful transfer of traits from S. lycopersicoides to L. esculentum, and our hybridization of L. esculentum x S. rickii suggest good prospects for gene transfer from S. rickii to L. esculentum.
Do students test their software? (1994)

Testing of computer systems, including software is an important basic skill of any Computer Science graduate. In this paper we look at how well a group of final year Computer Science undergraduates tested a single routine within a large programming project. We found that most students adequately performed the testing for which they were asked. However a significant number did not fully test the "obscure" cases.
Limitations of the two-frequency capacitance measurement technique applied to ultra-thin SiO/sub 2/ gate oxides (2002)

An improved two-frequency C-V extraction guideline for ultra-thin gate structures is proposed. The measured dissipation should be less than 1.1 at least at one of the two measurement frequencies, in order to reduce the gate oxide thickness measurement error below 4%. We show that the proposed guideline sets certain limitations on the device area, which must be reduced as the gate oxide shrinks, in order to keep the dissipation below 1.1, while not increasing the device impedance above the measurement limit of the LCR meter. We have also demonstrated that an additional parasitic inductance effect must be included in the equivalent circuit model if the measurement frequency is above 1 MHz.
Einleitung (1991)

Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit Finanzoptionen, die primär unter den Gesichtspunkten einer einheitlichen Preisfindung, Preiswürdigkeitsprüfung sowie der Chancen- und Risikoverteilung untersucht werden. Entgegen derweit verbreiteten Auffassung, daß es sich bei diesen derivaten Finanzinstrumenten um Innovationen handelt, zeigt sich aus der Historie, daß Optionen bereits im 17. Jahrhundert für Preissicherungen verwendet wurden.1 Ungeeignete Handelskonditionen, aber auch ungleichgewichtige Preisbestimmungen führten im Handel zu gravierenden Fungibilitätsdefiziten, weshalb sich diese Instrumente nicht auf Dauer behaupten konnten und kurze Zeit später wieder verschwanden. Begünstigt durch neue Entwicklungen2 haben börsenmäßig gehandelte Optionen in den letzten Jahren eine Renaissance auf den internationalen Finanzmärkten erlebt. Durch umfangreichere Kontraktstandardisierungen, technische Verbesserungen in der Handelsabwicklung und vor allem auf Grund von praktikabel anwendbaren Preismodellen können diese vielseitigen Finanzinstrumente mittlerweile schnell und effizient gehandelt und damit gezielt eingesetzt werden.
Groups Generated by Two Operators of Order 3 Whose Commutator Is of Order 2 (1933)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Concordance probability and discriminatory power in proportional hazards regression (2005)

The concordance probability is used to evaluate the discriminatory power and the predictive accuracy of nonlinear statistical models. We derive an analytical expression for the concordance probability in the Cox proportional hazards model. The proposed estimator is a function of the regression parameters and the covariate distribution only and does not use the observed event and censoring times. For this reason it is asymptotically unbiased, unlike Harrell's c-index based on informative pairs. The asymptotic distribution of the concordance probability estimate is derived using U-statistic theory and the methodology is applied to a predictive model in lung cancer.
Mechanism of relapse in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2008)

Relapse following initial chemotherapy remains a barrier to survival in approximately 20% of children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Recently, to investigate the mechanism of relapse, we analysed clonal populations in 27 pairs of matched diagnosis and relapse ALL samples using PCR-based detection of multiple antigen receptor gene rearrangements. These clonal markers revealed the emergence of apparently new populations at relapse in 13 patients. In those cases where the new 'relapse clone' could be detected in the diagnosis population, there was a close correlation between length of first remission and quantity of the relapse clone in the diagnosis sample. A shorter length of time to first relapse correlated with a higher quantity of the relapsing clone at diagnosis. This observation, together with demonstrated differential chemosensitivity between sub-clones at diagnosis, indicates that relapse in ALL patients may commonly involve selection of a minor intrinsically resistant sub-clone that is undetectable by routine PCR-based methods. From a clinical perspective, relapse prediction may be improved with strategies to detect minor potentially resistant sub-clones early during treatment, hence allowing intensification of therapy. Together with the availability of relevant in vivo experimental models and powerful technology for detailed analysis of patient specimens, this new information will help shape future experimentation towards targeted therapy for high-risk ALL.
Conformal Load-Bearing Spiral Antenna on Conductive Textile Threads (2016)

We present a novel load-bearing spiral antenna on conductive textile threads (E-threads) for conformal applications. The textile spiral exhibits a nearly 10:1 bandwidth (0.3-3 GHz) with circularly polarized gain of 6.5 dBi across the 1-3 GHz bandwidth. Such performance is unique for textiles and flexible surfaces. An important aspect of this letter is the demonstration of repeatable performance for this textile spiral antenna. Also, mechanical tests for the spiral showed no appreciable changes in performance, even after 300 flexing cycles. The spiral is a cavity-backed configuration with its ground plane also embroidered using very thin (diameter = 0.12 mm) Elektrisola E-threads. These threads can achieve geometrical precision down to 0.1 mm. To enhance robustness, high-strength Kevlar fabric was employed as the substrate. Overall, the proposed spiral is very attractive for several wideband, conformal, and load-bearing applications, such as airborne and wearables.
Glucose-dependent dielectric properties of blood plasma (2011)

In this study, we show a correlation between electrical properties (relative permittivity-ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> and conductivity-σ) of blood plasma and plasma glucose concentration. In order to formulate that correlation, we performed electrical property measurements on blood samples collected from 10 adults between the ages of 18 and 40 at University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB) Children's hospital. The measurements are conducted between 500 MHz and 20 GHz band. Using the data obtained from measurements, we developed a single-pole Cole-Cole model for ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> and σ as a function of plasma blood glucose concentration. To provide an application, we designed a microstrip patch antenna that can be used to predict the glucose concentration within a given plasma sample. Simulation results regarding antenna design and its performance are also presented.
Dendrimers, Dendrons, and Dendritic Polymers (2012)

Dendrimer science has exploded onto the polymer science scene as the fourth major class of polymer architecture. Capturing the history of dendrimer discovery to the present day, this book addresses all the essential information for newcomers and those experienced in the field, including: • Fundamental theory, chemistry and physics of the 'dendritic state' • Synthetic strategies (click chemistry, self-assembly, and so on) • Dendron/dendrimer characterization techniques • Architecturally driven 'dendritic effects' • Developments in scientific and commercial applications • Convergence with nanotechnology, including dendrimer-based nanodevices, nanomaterials, nanotoxicology and nanomedicine • Dendrimers as a window to a new nano-periodic system. Including first-hand accounts from pre-1995 pioneers, progress in the dendrimer field is brought to life with anticipated developments for the future. This is the ideal book for researchers in both academia and industry who need a complete introduction to the 'dendritic state' with a special focus on dendrimer and dendron polymer science.
Epimerization of mestranol acetate on alumina (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEpimerization of mestranol acetate on aluminaRamesh M. Kanojia, Linda Yarmchuck, and Irving ScheerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 15, 2304–2306Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00929a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00929a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gene-trait matching across the Bifidobacterium longum pan-genome reveals considerable diversity in carbohydrate catabolism among human infant strains (2018)

The results showed high diversity in terms of genes and predicted glycosyl-hydrolases, as well as the ability to metabolize a large range of sugars. Moreover, we corroborate the capability of B. longum ssp. longum to metabolise HMOs. Ultimately, their intraspecific genomic diversity and the ability to consume a wide assortment of carbohydrates, ranging from plant-derived carbohydrates to HMOs, may provide an explanation for the competitive advantage and persistence of B. longum in the human gut microbiome.
Olive freeze-injuries: Effects of cold, radiation, dew, wind, and other conditions studied (1952)

Minimum temperatures that olives can endure without freezing were investigated at Davis and Winters.
A low-cost inverter for domestic fuel cell applications (2003)

The utilization of fuel cells for distributed power generation requires the development of an inexpensive inverter that converts a fuel cell's variable DC output into useful AC. To encourage this development, the US Department of Energy and the IEEE setup and sponsored a national US student competition with a substantial first prize going to the lowest cost working fuel cell inverter: the 2001 Future Energy Challenge (FEC). This paper describes the work of the University of Wisconsin FEC Team. It discusses the topology used to achieve the said objective, the rationale used in choosing this topology, detailed component selection optimized to minimize cost, and the DC/DC and DC/AC converter control. Finally some conclusions are made and a new total-system-approach design using a high voltage fuel cell is proposed to further reduce the cost of the inverter.
Solubilization of Kainic Acid Binding Sites from Rat Brain (1987)

Kainic acid binding sites were solubilized from rat brain using a combination of Triton X-100 and digitonin. The highest percentage of solubilized binding sites (45%) was obtained by treating brain membranes with 1% Triton-X-100 and 0.2% digitonin in 0.5 M potassium phosphate containing 20% glycerol. The solubilized binding sites were stable and amenable to analysis by gel filtration and lectin affinity chromatography. Computer assisted analyses demonstrated that the solubilized sites displayed high- and low-affinity binding constants similar to the membrane-bound sites. Competition experiments further supported the pharmacological similarities of the solubilized and membrane-bound sites. Gel filtration chromatography of the solubilized binding site indicated that the detergent-bound complex had a Stokes radius of 82.7 A. The [3H]kainic acid binding site appears to be glycosylated based on its capability to bind to lectins. The lectin, wheatgerm agglutinin, proved to be a potentially useful tool for characterization because the solubilized binding sites were bound and eluted in relatively high yield.
Transient Global Forebrain Ischemia Induces a Prolonged Expression of the Caspase-3 mRNA in Rat Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons (1998)

The authors recently cloned a cDNA for an ICE/CED3-related cysteine protease from rat brain, which is closely related to human CPP32 (now designated caspase-3). In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed a profound developmental regulation of the caspase-3 transcript in rat brain, with relatively high levels of caspase-3 mRNA observed in neurons of the fetal and neonatal brain and low levels of mRNA in neurons of the adult brain. The authors report that transient forebrain ischemia, which results in a delayed apoptotic death of CA1 pyramidal neurons, results in prolonged expression of caspase-3 mRNA in these same pyramidal neurons. Up-regulation of caspase-3 mRNA in CA1 pyramidal neurons is prominent 24 hours after transient global ischemia, and expression is maintained at higher levels for at least 72 hours after ischemia. However, by 96 hours after ischemia, a marked decrease in caspase-3 mRNA expression is observed in CA1 pyramidal neurons, showing severe degenerative changes (e.g., nuclear condensation). By contrast, there is no change in the expression of a closely related member of caspase family, caspase-2, in CA1 pyramidal neurons after global ischemia. Instead, caspase-2 mRNA is induced in lamina layers of cerebral cortex 24 hours after the ischemia. A selective and prolonged induction of the caspase-3 gene in committed CA1 pyramidal neurons suggests that transcriptional activation of this caspase-3 gene may be involved in the apoptotic cell death cascade of CA1 neurons after transient global ischemia.
Application Of FTIR Spectroscopy For A Rapid Determination Of Some Hydrolytic Enzymes Activity On Sea Buckthorn Substrate (2010)

We investigated the efficiency of some commercial cellulosic and pectinic enzymes (Carezyme 1000 L and Pectinex Ultra SP-L, with cellulose, pectinase and hemicellulase activity, respectively) on a sea buckthorn puree substrate. The method applied to check the rate of hydrolysis was Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), by recording the absorption of different carbohydrates in the specific spectral range (650-4000 cm -1 ). To calibrate the method, we used firstly, different concentrations of pure glucose, fructose and sucrose (from 1 to 25 %) and registered their IR maximal wavenumbers and peak intensity. Based on calibration curves, we calculated the release in vitro of glucose, fructose or sucrose after enzymatic action on sea buckthorn substrate. According to the IR absorption peaks registered for glucose (at 1033 cm -1 ), fructose (at 1063 cm -1 ) and sucrose (at 995 cm - 1 ), we were able to identify the changes in the shape and intensity of these peaks in the region 1200-900 cm -1 , against control. FTIR spectrometry proved to be a suitable method for accurate and direct determination of individual sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose - like disaccharides) on sea buckthorn or other juices and a good control of enzymatic activity on cellulose, hemicellulose and pectine-rich substrates. The time used for FTIR analysis is considerably reduced compared to the classical methods. These results are promising and have a real analytical potential to supervise in situ or in vitro, as a routine procedure, the dynamics of enzymatic treatment of natural substrates rich in natural carbohydrate polymers (celluloses and pectins).