gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Slow oscillatory activity and levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease (2006)

The pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) in Parkinson's disease is not well understood. We have recorded local field potentials (LFP) from macroelectrodes implanted in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of 14 patients with Parkinson's disease following surgical treatment with deep brain stimulation. Patients were studied in the 'Off' medication state and in the 'On' motor state after administration of levodopa-carbidopa (po) or apomorphine (sc) that elicited dyskinesias in 11 patients. The logarithm of the power spectrum of the LFP in selected frequency bands (4-10, 11-30 and 60-80 Hz) was compared between the 'Off' and 'On' medication states. A peak in the 11-30 Hz band was recorded in the 'Off' medication state and reduced by 45.2% (P < 0.001) in the 'On' state. The 'On' was also associated with an increment of 77. 6% (P < 0.001) in the 4-10 Hz band in all patients who showed dyskinesias and of 17.8% (P < 0.001) in the 60-80 Hz band in the majority of patients. When dyskinesias were only present in one limb (n = 2), the 4-10 Hz peak was only recorded in the contralateral STN. These findings suggest that the 4-10 Hz oscillation is associated with the expression of LID in Parkinson's disease.
NCF for wafer lamination process in higher density electronic packages (2010)

We have developed a novel NCF (Non Conductive Film) which can be applied to the wafer lamination process and shows the excellent bondability & reliability. For lamination processability, we improved the transparency of NCF in order to recognize the dicing pattern or alignment marks on wafer through NCF. As a result, NCF-laminated wafer can be diced simultaneously and smoothly. For the bondability, the use of the high heat-resistant components and the optimization of the hardenability and viscosity made it possible to form the excellent bonding part and fill the narrow gap between chip & substrate without voids even at the high temperature condition (>300 degC for 1s) of Au-Sn eutectic bonding. For the reliability, we found that a kind of antioxidant prevented remarkably the electrochemical migration at finer pitch wiring and we confirmed the good electronic insulation property up to 25 μm pitch. Furthermore, the addition of the flux component into NCF enabled Cu-solder bonding. From these features, this NCF is expected to be a promising material for the high density electronic packages including 3D package with TSV (Through Silicon Via).
Cognitive behavioural coping skills therapy manual: a clinical research guide for therapists treating individuals with alcohol abuse and dependence, (2003)

Describes cognitive behavioral coping skills therapy, which is based on the principles of social learning theory and views drinking behaviour as functionally related to major problems in the patient’s life. Emphasis is placed on overcoming skill deficits and increasing the patient’s ability to cope with high-risk situations that commonly precipitate relapse.
Convenient Method for the Reduction of the Double-Bond of Cyclic Vinylphosphine Oxides Using Borane (2000)

Abstract The electronpoor double-bond of cyclic vinylphosphine oxides (1, 3 and 4) is easily reduced by borane in a selective manner to give the corresponding saturated derivatives (2, 4 and 5, respectively) Under forcing conditions, change of the functionality may also take place.
Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 Years (1974)

1. Skinfold thicknesses at four sites – biceps, triceps, subscapular and supra-iliac – and total body density (by underwater weighing) were measured on 209 males and 272 females aged from 16 to 72 years. The fat content varied from 5 to 50% of body-weight in the men and from 10 to 61% in the women. 2. When the results were plotted it was found necessary to use the logarithm of skinfold measurements in order to achieve a linear relationship with body density. 3. Linear regression equations were calculated for the estimation of body density, and hence body fat, using single skinfolds and all possible sums of two or more skinfolds. Separate equations for the different age-groupings are given. A table is derived where percentage body fat can be read off corresponding to differing values for the total of the four standard skinfolds. This table is subdivided for sex and for age. 4. The possible reasons for the altered position of the regression lines with sex and age, and the validation of the use of body density measurements, are discussed.
New Approach to Development of Packaging for MEMS Inertial Sensors (2001)

Abstract Development of MEMS inertial sensor packages for high performance applications cannot be accomplished by analysis alone. There are too many unknown material properties, process conditions, and assembly tolerances to make this feasible. Extensive performance evaluation of packaged sensors is also prohibitively expensive and time consuming. However, recent advances in the ACES methodology of micro-interferometric measurements coupled with analytical and computational analysis offer a considerable promise for effective optimization of the design of advanced sensor packages. Sub-micron displacements of sensors can be readily measured with nanometer accuracy over a range of environmental conditions. This greatly facilitates the validation and refinement of quantitative models of packages and complex material structures. This paper describes the new approach, based on optoelectronic laser interferometric microscope methodology, to development of packaging for MEMS inertial sensors and discusses preliminary results that have been obtained.
Extracellular Protons Regulate Human ENaC by Modulating Na+ Self-inhibition (2008)

The epithelial Na(+) channel, ENaC, is exposed to a wide range of proton concentrations in the kidney, lung, and sweat duct. We, therefore, tested whether pH alters ENaC activity. In Xenopus oocytes expressing human alpha-, beta-, and gammaENaC, amiloride-sensitive current was altered by protons in the physiologically relevant range (pH 8.5-6.0). Compared with pH 7.4, acidic pH increased ENaC current, whereas alkaline pH decreased current (pH(50) = 7.2). Acidic pH also increased ENaC current in H441 epithelia and in human primary airway epithelia. In contrast to human ENaC, pH did not alter rat ENaC current, indicating that there are species differences in ENaC regulation by protons. This resulted predominantly from species differences in gammaENaC. Maneuvers that lock ENaC in a high open-probability state ("DEG" mutation, proteolytic cleavage) abolished the effect of pH on human ENaC, indicating that protons alter ENaC current by modulating channel gating. Previous work showed that ENaC gating is regulated in part by extracellular Na(+) ("Na(+) self-inhibition"). Based on several observations, we conclude that protons regulate ENaC by altering Na(+) self-inhibition. First, protons reduced Na(+) self-inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. Second, ENaC regulation by pH was abolished by removing Na(+) from the extracellular bathing solution. Third, mutations that alter Na(+) self-inhibition produced corresponding changes in ENaC regulation by pH. Together, the data support a model in which protons modulate ENaC gating by relieving Na(+) self-inhibition. We speculate that this may be an important mechanism to facilitate epithelial Na(+) transport under conditions of acidosis.
T cell populations primed by hapten sensitization in contact sensitivity are distinguished by polarized patterns of cytokine production: interferon gamma-producing (Tc1) effector CD8+ T cells and interleukin (Il) 4/Il-10-producing (Th2) negative regulatory CD4+ T cells. (1996)

Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is a T cell-mediated response to hapten sensitization of the epidermis. The roles of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in CHS have remained unclear, however, as studies to define either subset as the T cells mediating CHS have provided conflicting results. The goal of this study was to correlate the in vivo function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in CHS with the cytokines produced by each T cell population. Antibody-mediated depletion of CD4+ T cells before sensitization of BALB/c mice with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) or oxazolone (Ox) resulted in increased and prolonged CHS responses, indicating CD4+ T cells as negative regulators of the response. Depletion of CD8+ T cells resulted in low or abrogated responses, indicating CD8+ T cells as the effector cells in CHS. Sensitization with DNFB or Ox induced lymph node cell populations of CD8+ T cells producing interferon (IFN)-gamma and no interleukin (Il) 4 or Il-10, and CD4+ T cells producing Il-4 and Il-10 and no or little detectable IFN-gamma. The polarized patterns of cytokine production were stimulated by culture of hapten-primed lymph node cells either on anti-T cell receptor antibody-coated wells or with semipurified Langerhans cells isolated from hapten-sensitized mice. Stimulation of cytokine production during culture of hapten-primed CD4+ or CD8+ T cells with Langerhans cells was hapten specific and restricted to class II or class I major histocompatibility complex, respectively. The induction of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing the polarized patterns of cytokines was not restricted to BALB/c mice, as cells from Ox sensitized C57B1/6 and B10.D2 mice produced the same patterns. Collectively, these results expose the induction of two polarized and functionally opposing populations of T cells by hapten sensitization to induce CHS: IFN-gamma-producing effector CD8+ T cells and Il-4/Il-10-producing CD4+ T cells that negatively regulate the response.
An optimal video-surveillance approach for HDR videos tone mapping (2011)

Recently, a new type of camera, which allows the recording of almost the entire range of luminosity of the acquired scene, has been introduced to the market. The produced High Dynamic Range images (HDRi), can simplify some video-surveillance tasks, such as object detection, recognition an tracking, since they can simultaneously capture the visual scene content of both dark and bright areas. Applications where lighting conditions cannot be controlled can greatly benet from the adoption of HDR cameras. For example, the achievement of a good and constant visual quality of images is one of the key aspects in video-surveillance applications, because it allows to robustly detect salient events in the captured scenes. However, the use of HDR images in traditional video-surveillance systems requires the reduction of their dynamic range appropriately, by applying a tone mapping operator. In this paper a fast method for tone mapping HDR\nvideos, which combines the benets of both local and global operators, is presented. It is applied in the context of object detection and tracking. It also enhances the visual quality of the image in all light conditions, which facilitated surveillance tasks for both human and automatic operators.
Senescence-associated β-galactosidase reflects an increase in lysosomal mass during replicative ageing of human endothelial cells (2000)

Senescence-associated (beta)-galactosidase is widely used as a biomarker of replicative senescence. However, it remains unknown whether this is a distinct enzyme active at pH 6, and differentially expressed in senescence, or a manifestation of an increase in the classic acid lysosomal (beta)-galactosidase. Here we have investigated the origin of senescence-associated-(beta)-galactosidase activity by modifying the intracellular and lysosomal pH of young and senescent human umbilical vein endothelial cells and examining the effect of these manipulations on the levels of activity, using a flow cytometric assay. Lysosomal alkalinisation with chloroquine or bafilomycin A(1), as well as equilibration of the intracellular milieu to pH 6 with nigericin, caused a profound (92-99%) inhibition of the total intracellular (beta)-galactosidase activity. However, independent of pH alterations, senescent cells showed levels of (beta)-galactosidase activity three- to sixfold higher than young cells. This increase in activity occurred in parallel to an increase in (beta)-galactosidase protein levels. Acridine Orange staining revealed an increase in lysosomal content with replicative age, which correlated with the increase in (beta)-galactosidase. These findings demonstrate that senescence-associated (beta)-galactosidase is a manifestation of residual lysosomal activity at a suboptimal pH, which becomes detectable due to the increased lysosomal content in senescent cells.
A Machine for High Speed Printing from 35mm Colour Transparencies (1960)

A machine for making colour prints at high speed from 35mm. transparencies employs one operator to load the transparencies into a storage magazine, from which they are fed into the machine automatically and after printing are unloaded by a second operator. Information relating to each transparency loaded into the magazine is punched on to standard 5-hole paper tape. Colour quality of the light is controlled by varying the phase relationship between synchronously rotating sectored filter discs, and the light output of an Xenon discharge lamp, both being operated from the same A.C. supply.
Microporous Nature of Ce,Zr-Doped Carbon Aerogels (1999)

Ce and Zr were doped in carbon aerogels (CAs) using the sol−gel polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde with addition of Ce and Zr nitrate salts, followed by carbonization in N2 and further activation in CO2. The doping changed the structure of CAs that are representative mesoporous materials. The analysis of the pore structure showed that the Ce,Zr-doped CAs are highly microporous materials; the micropore volume and surface area are in the range of 0.16−0.70 cm3 g-1 and 500−2240 m2 g-1, respectively. It is noteworthy that the microporous Ce,Zr-doped CA have a monolith form as well as the mesoporous CA. The changes in the porous structure of the Ce,Zr-doped carbon aerogels during the activation were examined. Some mesoporosity was developed after activation for 5 h.
Intestinal microbiome of poultry and its interaction with host and diet (2013)

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of poultry is densely populated with microorganisms which closely and intensively interact with the host and ingested feed. The gut microbiome benefits the host by providing nutrients from otherwise poorly utilized dietary substrates and modulating the development and function of the digestive and immune system. In return, the host provides a permissive habitat and nutrients for bacterial colonization and growth. Gut microbiome can be affected by diet, and different dietary interventions are used by poultry producers to enhance bird growth and reduce risk of enteric infection by pathogens. There also exist extensive interactions among members of the gut microbiome. A comprehensive understanding of these interactions will help develop new dietary or managerial interventions that can enhance bird growth, maximize host feed utilization, and protect birds from enteric diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.
Assessment of AMBR&lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt; as a model for high-throughput cell culture process development strategy (2012)

The development and delivery of high quality therapeutic products necessitates the need for highthrough-put (HTP) process development tools. Traditionally, these works requires a combination of shake flask and small-scale stirred tank bioreactor (STR) which are labor and resource intensive and time-consuming. Here we demonstrate a strategy for rapid and robust cell culture process development by evaluating and implementing the use of a new HTP disposable micro bioreactor (MBR) called AMBRTM system (Advanced Microscale Bioreactor) that has the capabilities for automated sampling, feed addition, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), gassing and agitation controls. In these studies the performance of two monoclonal antibody (MAb) producing cell lines (MAb1 and MAb2) was evaluated both in the AMBR system and 3-L STR. We demonstrated that cell culture performance (growth and viability, production titer and product quality) were similar in both vessel systems. Furthermore, process control and feed optimization were demonstrated in an additional cell line (MAb3) in the disposable MBR and its performance confirmed at STR scale. The results indicate that the AMBR system can be used to streamline the process development effort and facilitate a rapid and robust cell culture process development effort for MAb programs in a HTP manner.
Schedulable persistence system for teal-time applications in virtual machine (2006)

Persistence in applications saves a computation state that can be used to facilitate system recovery upon failures. As we begin to adopt virtual execution environments (VMs) for mission-critical real-time embedded applications, persistence service will become an essential part of VM to ensure high availability of the systems.In this paper, we focus in a schedulable persistence system in VMs and show a prototype persistence system constructed on CLI 's open source platform, MONO. By employing object serialization, the system enables concurrent and preemptible persistence operation, i.e., the task in charge of persistence service runs concurrently with application tasks and is a target of real-time scheduling. Thus, the execution of application tasks can be interleaved with the operations of persistence service, and the task timeliness can be guaranteed as the pause time caused by persistence service is bounded. The experiment output on the prototyped system illustrates that persistence service is appropriate for realtime applications because of its controllable pause time and its optimized overhead.
Efficient heterostructure doped-barrier varactor diodes (2009)

Doped-barrier heterostructure varactor diodes are suggested for efficient frequency multiplication of the microwave radiation. It is shown that the efficiency of the heterostructure-barrier varactor is significantly enhanced if the undoped barrier is replaced by the doped one. The analysis is carried out using Boltzmann statistics. The analytical results are compared to the results of Monte Carlo simulations obtained by taking into account Fermi–Dirac statistics. The results of Monte Carlo calculations of the capacitance-voltage characteristics of the In0.53Ga0.47As/AlAs and InN/GaN doped-barrier varactor diodes are presented.
A novel method of look-ahead contingency ranking for saddle-node bifurcation (2002)

The objective of this paper is to present a powerful procedure for identifying severe single branch outage contingencies with respect to saddle-node bifurcation, given a power system operating point, a load demand forecast and a generation dispatch. A novel two-stage look-ahead ranking algorithm for saddle-node bifurcation are described. The first stage is based on a branch MVAr participation index and the second stage is based on sensitivity analysis. The distinguishing features are the ability: (i) to screen out the weak contingencies; and (ii) to directly estimate the strong contingency bifurcation values. The novel two-stage look-ahead ranking algorithm has been applied to a 3493 bus power system with promising results.
HISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF SOME OXIDIZED MACROMOLECULES WITH THIOCARBOHYDRAZIDE (TCH) OR THIOSEMICARBAZIDE (TSC) AND OSMIUM TETROXIDE (1965)

Thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) and thiosemicarbazide (TSC) have been introduced as osmiophilic reagents for demonstrating aldehyde-containing macromolecules, produced by periodic acid oxidation of tissue sections. Because of the remarkable properties of osmium black, excellent pigment qualities are provided for light microscopy and the advantages of an amorphous, nonvolatile, electron-opaque end product are available for electron microscopy. The present communication describes the method and gives the scope of the histochemical reaction. Thiocarbohydrazide is the more reactive of the two reagents and is capable of demonstrating a wider variety of oxidized macromolecules than does thiosemicarbazide. The periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-osmium tetroxide method (PATCO method) was compared with those using thiosemicarbazide (PATO method), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS method), and with the method involving 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid hydrazide (NAH) followed by coupling with fast blue B (PA-NAH-FBB method). All four methods demonstrated certain active aldehydes equally well, such as those produced by periodic acid oxidation of glycogen, mucopolysaccharide of gut and mucoprotein of Descemet's membranes of the cornea. The stain with the PATO method was somewhat weaker than the other three methods for glycoprotein of the cuticular border of gut and of the brush border of kidney tubules, and colloid of the thyroid gland. The PATO method was even less effective in demonstrating mucoprotein of basement membranes in kidney and no reaction for collagen and reticulin was noted. The PATCO method was almost as effective with basement membranes in kidney as the PAS method, but was not equal to the PAS method in staining collagen and reticulin. Furthermore, the aldehyde produced on Feulgen hydrolysis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of cell nuclei was not demonstrable with either PATO or PATCO methods its contrast to positive results with the PAS and PA-NAH-FBB methods. This suggests that TSC and TCH have less reactive hydrazino groups than NAH. Results with the electron microscope will be published separately.
Wound Healing in Porcine Skin Following Low-output Carbon Dioxide Laser Irradiation of the Incision (1987)

Wound healing of scalpel incisions to the depth of adipose tissue closed with conventional methods was compared with closure by low-output carbon dioxide laser irradiation. In 3 Pitman-Moore minipigs wound healing was evaluated at intervals from 1 to 90 days by the following methods: clinical variables of wound healing; formation of the basement membrane components bullous pemphigoid antigen, laminin, and fibronectin; and histological evaluation of the regeneration of the epidermis, neovascularization, and elastin and collagen formation. There was no significant difference in healing between wounds closed by the various conventional methods and by the low-output carbon dioxide laser.
Immunoblot confirmation of immune response to <i>Campylobacter pyloridis</i> in patients with duodenal ulcers (1986)

The specificity of serum immune responses to Campylobacter pyloridis that were found in the sera of patients with duodenal ulcers has been confirmed by means of the Western blot method. The presence of the same immune response to the organism in apparently healthy individuals, especially older people, suggests a repeated exposure throughout life to this organism, the source of which remains unknown.
Automatic video sequence segmentation using object tracking (2002)

Emerging video standards address content-based functionalities and interactive multimedia. MPEG-4 segments the frames into video object planes (VOP) with each VOP corresponding to one semantically meaningful object. In this paper a new automatic video sequence segmentation algorithm is presented that can extract such VOPs. A binary model for moving objects is automatically derived and tracked in subsequent frames using the generalised Hausdorff distance. The model is updated every frame to accommodate for rotation and changes in shape. For that an update mechanism consisting of two components is proposed. To improve the segmentation and reduce the computational complexity the stationary background is filtered by a novel technique. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of our proposed algorithm.