gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Metabolism of Δ<sup>9</sup>‐Tetrahydrocannabinol and Related Cannabinoids in Man (1981)

The metabolism of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and related cannabinoids in man has been studied in detail utilizing intravenous, oral, and smoking routes of administration. The general pattern of metabolism was the same in all studies involving THC and related cannabinoids. Microsomal hydroxylation allylic to the delta 9-THC double bond occurs, the major product resulting in formation of an 11-CH2OH moiety; minor hydroxylation occurs on the C-8 carbon. Nonmicrosomal oxidation of the resultant 11-OH-delta 9-THC to 11-nor-delta 9-THC-9-carboxylic acid and to other more polar acids generates the major terminal metabolic products. After oral administration, approximately equal quantities of THC and its highly active 11-hydroxymetabolite were formed, whereas the latter metabolite is a minor constituent after administration by intravenous or smoking routes. Initial pharmacokinetic analyses of the data show that the mean terminal-phase (beta-phase) plasma half-life after intravenous administration of THC was about 30 hours; after oral administration, it was 23 hours. No significant statistical difference was noted between men and women as to metabolic routes or plasma terminal-phase half-lives.
Structure and properties of polyurethane/nanosilica composites (2005)

Abstract Nanosilica particles were directly introduced into polyester polyol resins through in situ polymerization and blending methods, then cured by isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) trimers to obtain nanocomposite polyurethanes. FTIR and TGA analyses indicated that more polyester segments had reacted with silica particles during in situ polymerization than during the blending method, accompanied by higher T g and more homogeneous dispersion of nanosilica particles in the polymer matrix from in situ polymerization. Maximum values in T g , tensile properties, macrohardness, abrasion resistance, and UV absorbance were obtained when the particle size of silica was about 28 nm. The polyurethane/nanosilica composites obtained by in situ polymerization generally had better mechanical properties than those by the blending method except for some unexpected macrohardness at relatively high silica content. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1032–1039, 2005
Formal semantics and analysis of control flow in WS-BPEL (2005)

Abstract. Web service composition refers to the creation of new (Web) services by combination of functionality provided by existing ones. This paradigm has gained signi¯cant attention in the Web services community and is seen as a pillar for building service-oriented applications. A number of domain-speci¯c languages for service composition have been proposed with consensus being formed around a process-oriented language known as WS-BPEL (or BPEL). The kernel of BPEL consists of simple communication primitives that may be combined using control-°ow constructs expressing sequence, branching, parallelism, synchronisation, etc. As a result, BPEL process de¯nitions lend themselves to static °ow-based analysis techniques. In this report, we describe a tool that performs two useful types of static checks and extracts meta-data to optimise dynamic resource management. The tool operates by translating BPEL processes into Petri nets and exploiting existing Petri net analysis techniques. It relies on a comprehensive and rigorously de¯ned mapping of BPEL constructs into Petri net structures.
General method for the assignment of stereochemistry of 1,3-disubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-.beta.-carbolines by carbon-13 spectroscopy (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneral method for the assignment of stereochemistry of 1,3-disubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-.beta.-carbolines by carbon-13 spectroscopyF. Ungemach, D. Soerens, R. Weber, M. DiPierro, O. Campos, P. Mokry, J. M. Cook, and J. V. SilvertonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 23, 6976–6984Publication Date (Print):November 5, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 5 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00543a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00543a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views720Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Analysis of the expression pattern of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor, neurturin, their cognate receptors GFRα‐1 and GFRα‐2, and a common signal transduction element c‐Ret in the human scalp skin (2006)

Our investigation reports, for the first time, the expression patterns of GDNF, NTN, GFRalpha-1, GFRalpha-2, and c-Ret proteins in human scalp skin. The expression of these proteins in the skin suggests their possible roles in skin homeostasis. The clinical ramifications of these observations mandate further investigations. Adly MA, Assaf HA, Hussein MR, Paus R. Analysis of the expression pattern of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, neurturin, their cognate receptors GFRalpha-1 and GFRalpha-2, and a common signal transduction element c-Ret in the human scalp skin.
Time for the US to take standards more seriously (1991)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Robert E. Parks, "Time for the U.S. to take standards more seriously," Optics & Photonics News 2(9), 45-45 (1991) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Development of gastric argyrophil carcinoid tumors in a case of zollinger-ellison syndrome with primary hyperparathyroidism during long-term antisecretory treatment (1987)

Fundic argyrophil carcinoid tumors developed in the course of a 5-year continuous treatment with high dosages of H2-antagonists in a well-documented case of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with primary hyperparathyroidism, high basal acid output, and serum gastrin. Approximately 100 small polyps were disseminated throughout the gastric fundus exclusively, leading to total gastrectomy. Metastatic carcinoid in a lymph node and pancreatic gastrinomas also were found at surgery. Gastric endocrine cell proliferation varied from simple argyrophil cell hyperplasia to carcinoid tumors eroding the surface and infiltrating the submucosa. Ultrastructural studies showed that the tumoral proliferation was heterogeneous, and included tumors composed of enterochromaffin (EC) and typical enterochromaffin-like (EC-L) cells, and tumors in which a majority of cells exhibited dense round granules resembling those of A-like or D1/P endocrine cell types. The risk of developing gastric fundic carcinoid tumors in ZES patients submitted to long-term antisecretory treatment should be given increased attention.
Physicochemical and functional properties of crawfish chitosan as affected by different processing protocols (2004)

Chitosan is made from chitin by a chemical process involving demineralization (DM), deproteinization (DP), decolorization (DC), and deacetylation (DA). Very little work has been done to demonstrate the effects of altering or excluding any of the processing steps on chitosan characteristics. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of process modification during chitosan production on the physiochemical and functional properties of crawfish chitosans. Five experimental chitosan samples (DCMPA, DMCPA, DMPCA, DMPAC, DAMPC) prepared with modified processing protocols and the control (DPMCA - traditional chitosan production process) were evaluated and compared with the two commercial crab chitosans. All samples were subjected to physicochemical (moisture, nitrogen, and ash contents, degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, viscosity, solubility, bulk density, and color) and functional (water binding capacity, fat binding capacity, emulsion capacity, and emulsion viscosity) characteristic analysis. Three experimental replicates were performed with a duplicate analysis of each sample. Results indicated that process modification of crawfish chitosan production yielded some differences on each characteristic compared with the control and commercial chitosans. For instance, changing the sequence of DC for the production of crawfish chitosan affected its properties. DCMPA and DMCPA resulted in an increase in molecular weight and ash, respectively. In contrast, DMPCA led to lower viscosity. The most notable change observed with the DMPAC chitosan was a light brown degraded colored chitosan that exhibited properties of a weak polyelectrolyte. When chitosan process started with DA, a very poor of yield were obtained. When DM and DP were reversed during production, the results showed some difference, e.g., the lower viscosity, higher fat binding capacity, and higher emulsion viscosity of DMPCA over DPMCA. This study demonstrated that process modification of crawfish production affected physicochemical and functional properties. The optimal chitosan production may vary depending on the intended final usages in food systems as demonstrated by functional properties from this study.
Gaussian mixture model with precision matrices approximated by sparsely represented eigenvectors (2014)

This paper proposes a model which approximates full covariance matrices in Gaussian mixture models (GMM) with a reduced number of parameters and computations required for likelihood evaluations. In the proposed model inverse covariance (precision) matrices are approximated using sparsely represented eigenvectors, i.e. each eigenvector of a covariance/precision matrix is represented as a linear combination of a small number of vectors from an overcomplete dictionary. A maximum likelihood algorithm for parameter estimation and its practical implementation are presented. Experimental results on a speech recognition task show that while keeping the word error rate close to the one obtained by GMMs with full covariance matrices, the proposed model can reduce the number of parameters by 45%.
Brain Death, Apneic Diffusion Oxygenation, and Organ Transplantation (1978)

This paper presents a simple method of maintaining good donor organ oxygenation during a prolonged test of apnea used to determine brain death prior to cadaver transplantation. Apneic diffusion oxygenation can maintain arterial pO2 above 200 torr for periods exceeding 15 minutes, thereby allowing a more definitive determination of brain death without concomitant tissue hypoxia and possible damage to donor organs.
Androgen receptor modulates <i>Foxp3</i> expression in CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T-cells (2015)

CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells are able to inhibit proliferation and cytokine production in effector T-cells and play a major role in immune responses and prevention of autoimmune disease. A master regulator of Treg cell development and function is the transcription factor Foxp3. Several cytokines, such as TGF-β and IL-2, are known to regulate Foxp3 expression as well as methylation of the Foxp3 locus. We demonstrated previously that testosterone treatment induces a strong increase in the Treg cell population both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore we sought to investigate the direct effect of androgens on expression and regulation of Foxp3. We show a significant androgen-dependent increase of Foxp3 expression in human T-cells from women in the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle but not from men and identify a functional androgen response element within the Foxp3 locus. Binding of androgen receptor leads to changes in the acetylation status of histone H4, whereas methylation of defined CpG regions in the Foxp3 gene is unaffected. Our results provide novel evidence for a modulatory role of androgens in the differentiation of Treg cells.
3D Displays (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Spatial Vision Taxonomy of 3D Displays Aided-viewing 3D Display Technologies Free-viewing 3D Display Technologies Conclusions References
Role for Mismatch Repair Proteins Msh2, Mlh1, and Pms2 in Immunoglobulin Class Switching Shown by Sequence Analysis of Recombination Junctions (2002)

B cells from mice deficient in mismatch repair (MMR) proteins show decreased ability to undergo class switch recombination in vitro and in vivo. The deficit is not accompanied by any reduction in cell viability or alterations in the cell cycle in B cells cultured in vitro. To assess the role of MMR in switching we examined the nucleotide sequences of Smicro-Sgamma3 recombination junctions in splenic B cells induced in culture to switch to IgG3. The data demonstrate clear differences in the sequences of switch junctions in wild-type B cells in comparison with Msh2-, Mlh1-, and Pms2-deficient B cells. Sequences of switch junctions from Msh2-deficient cells showed decreased lengths of microhomology between Smicro and Sgamma3 relative to junctions from wild-type cells and an increase in insertions, i.e., nucleotides which do not appear to be derived from either the Smicro or Sgamma3 parental sequence. By contrast, 23% of junctions from Mlh1- and Pms2-deficient cells occurred at unusually long stretches of microhomology. The data indicate that MMR proteins are directly involved in class switching and that the role of Msh2 differs from that of Mlh1 and Pms2.
Nitriding of Fe-3% Si alloy (2015)

The nitriding of Fe-3% Si alloy in the range 500–1000°C is investigated by spectral chemical analysis, X-ray microspectral analysis, and glow-discharge optical-emission spectrometry (GD-OES). In the nitriding system, inert carrier gas (95% N2 + 5% H2) is saturated with NH3 vapor by passing through aqueous NH3 solution. The optimal nitriding parameters are established. In the nitriding of Fe-3% Si alloy after decarburizing annealing, most of the nitrogen is in a subsurface layer beyond the internal oxidation zone, in the form of disperse Si3N4 phase. If the nitriding potential of the atmosphere is increased, austenite is formed in the internal oxidation zone. That hinders the formation of an electrically insulating coating in subsequent treatment. In high-temperature annealing, the heating of previously nitrided Fe-3% Si alloy is accompanied by decrease in the nitrogen concentration. Prior to anomalous grain growth, the residual nitrogen content corresponds to the aluminum concentration in the material.
Metal halide lamps (1971)

In the last half of the 1960s, new high-intensity discharge light sources based on a halogen cycle have made considerable impact on the lighting market. Such light sources depend on the volatilization of halide compounds to introduce a variety of otherwise nonvolatile metals into a high-pressure arc in a fused silica tube. The excitation of these metal atoms in the arc then produces the characteristic spectrum of the metal; the incorporation of several different metals permits the generation of a number of wavelengths of light, i.e., substantially white light. These lamps combine the high output in a compact size of mercury lamps (to which they are similar in appearance) with the high efficiency and color qualities of cool white fluorescent lamps. Efficiencies as high as 100 Im/W are available in 1000-W lamps. Metal halide lamps are available from a number of manufacturers in this country and abroad and are finding wide application in industrial and commercial lighting, as well as in outdoor lighting installations where color quality is important.
Electric-field dependence of the hole drift mobility in molecularly doped polymers: Importance of the disorder of hopping sites (1992)

The electric-field dependence of the drift mobility of holes in a polymer matrix doped with various different molecules was studied by means of time-of-flight (TOF) photoconductivity measurements. It was first found that the degree of the positive field dependence of the drift mobility increases with decreasing magnitude of the drift mobility at zero field. The tail of the Gaussian TOF current signal becomes broad in molecularly doped polymers having a large disorder of hopping site energies. It was pointed out that the field dependence of the mobility and the energy barrier for charge transport are largely related to energetic disorder of hopping sites.
Partition configuration for real-time systems with dependencies (2013)

We present an analytical framework for formulating partition configuration problems in real-time systems with dependencies, particularly applicable to modeling systems with multiple criticality or security levels. Partition configuration constraints for real-time tasks include affinity and conflict. We also discuss the application of the framework to arbitrary partition schedulers, harmonic partition execution, and round robin partition execution (which is particularly problematic). Our interest is in minimizing end-to-end latency, though the computational complexity of the problem prevents us from finding optimal results. We conclude with some open problems.
Proteocubosomes:  Nanoporous Vehicles with Tertiary Organized Fluid Interfaces (2005)

Proteocubosomes are nanostructured open-nanochannel hierarchical fluid vehicles characterized by a cubic lattice periodicity of the lipid/protein supramolecular assembly (protein-loaded cubosomes). They are obtained here at very high hydration levels by a three-dimensional (3D) self-assembly process, which exploits a protein-directed 3D patterning and fragmentation to create a new, tertiary-level structural order of fluid lipid/water interfaces. Our freeze-fracture electron microscopy study reveals that the proteocubosome structures are built up by patterned assemblies of nanocubosomes, which comprise 3D nanoporous fracture surfaces throughout. Complex cubosomic architectures, involving arrays of nanodroplets (larger than 20 nm) inside the proteocubosome particles, are established at high resolution. The soft-matter hierarchical nanocompartment formations display internal aqueous pores belonging to the D-type lipid cubic lattice nanochannel system that is proven by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The reported nanostructured fluid may give rise to novel applications in nanofluidic biomimetic devices, porous protein drug delivery vehicles, nanoscale enzymatic bioreactors, and protein-encapsulating fluid nanomaterials.
The influence of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors on the gut microbiota: an age-sex-matched case-control study (2017)

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used to treat gastro-esophageal reflux and prevent gastric ulcers, and have been considered as low risk. However, recent studies have identified possible associations between PPI use and gut microbiota, suggesting that PPIs use increases the risk of enteric infections, including <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection. To investigate gut microbiota in Japanese PPIs users, we conducted 16S metagenomics analysis of fecal samples collected from PPI users and healthy adults. In total, 36 PPI users and 36 PPI non-users (as control subjects) matched by age and sex were recruited and fecal samples were obtained to analyze the gut microbiome using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. There were significant differences in the microbial structure between PPI non-users and PPI users. In contrast, the analysis of α-diversity revealed no significant differences between PPI non-users and PPI users. When comparing in genus level between these two groups, the genera <i>Streptococcus</i> was significantly abundant and the genera <i>Faecalibacterium</i> was significantly decreased in PPI users. Our findings indicate a probable association between PPI use and the alternation of microbiota. These alterations might provide a mechanism by which PPIs predispose enteric infection such as <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection.
Updated sparse cholesky factors for corotational elastodynamics (2012)

We present warp-canceling corotation , a nonlinear finite element formulation for elastodynamic simulation that achieves fast performance by making only partial or delayed changes to the simulation's linearized system matrices. Coupled with an algorithm for incremental updates to a sparse Cholesky factorization, the method realizes the stability and scalability of a sparse direct method without the need for expensive refactorization at each time step. This finite element formulation combines the widely used corotational method with stiffness warping so that changes in the per-element rotations are initially approximated by inexpensive per-node rotations. When the errors of this approximation grow too large, the per-element rotations are selectively corrected by updating parts of the matrix chosen according to locally measured errors. These changes to the system matrix are propagated to its Cholesky factor by incremental updates that are much faster than refactoring the matrix from scratch. A nested dissection ordering of the system matrix gives rise to a hierarchical factorization in which changes to the system matrix cause limited, well-structured changes to the Cholesky factor. We show examples of simulations that demonstrate that the proposed formulation produces results that are visually comparable to those produced by a standard corotational formulation. Because our method requires computing only partial updates of the Cholesky factor, it is substantially faster than full refactorization and outperforms widely used iterative methods such as preconditioned conjugate gradients. Our method supports a controlled trade-off between accuracy and speed, and unlike most iterative methods its performance does not slow for stiffer materials but rather it actually improves.
A <scp>G</scp> ateway <sup>®</sup> ‐compatible bacterial adenylate cyclase‐based two‐hybrid system (2013)

The bacterial adenylate cyclase two-hybrid (BACTH) system has been widely used to characterize protein-protein interactions in the prokaryotic world. This system relies on the interaction-mediated reconstitution of adenylate cyclase activity in Escherichia coli by bringing together two complementary fragments of the catalytic domain of the adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis. A limiting factor in performing large-scale two-hybrid interaction screens with full-length open reading frames (ORFs) is the need to clone each ORF individually into the plasmids used to express the hybrid proteins. The Gateway(®) (GW) cloning system (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) partially circumvents this limitation, and we describe here modifications to the BACTH system for compatibility with this recombineering technology. We validated and tested the functionality of the BACTH Gateway (BACTHGW ) system using several models of protein-protein interactions, focusing particularly on those involved in bacterial cell division. We further modified the BACTH plasmids to incorporate a transmembrane (TM) segment downstream of the cyclase fragments to permit analysis of extracytoplasmic protein interactions. This approach was also useful to identify putative TM segments and to experimentally validate bioinformatically identified TM domains. The BACTHGW system will prove a useful addition to the study of protein-protein interactions.