gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epistatic interaction between vernalization genes Vrn-Am1 and Vrn-Am2 in diploid wheat (2000)

Genes Vrn-A(m)1 and Vrn-A(m)2 control the vernalization requirement in diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum). The epistatic interaction between these two genes on flowering date was studied here using a factorial analysis of variance. One hundred and two F2 plants were classified according to their genotypes for molecular markers tightly linked to Vrn-A(m)1 and Vrn-A(m)2. Mean comparisons showed that the VrnA(m)2 allele for winter growth habit was dominant to the vrn-A(m)2 allele for spring growth habit and that the Vrn-A(m)1 allele for spring growth habit was dominant to the vrn-A(m)1 allele for winter growth habit. A significant interaction was found between these two genes, suggesting that they work in the same developmental pathway. Plants homozygous for the recessive vrn-A(m)2 allele for spring growth habit flowered earlier than plants from the Vrn-A(m)2 class independently of the alleles present at Vrn-A(m)1. However, differences in heading date between plants with the Vrn-A(m)1 allele and those with the vrn-A(m)1 allele were significant only when the dominant Vrn-A(m)2 allele was present. A genetic model for the action of these two vernalization genes is proposed in which the role of Vrn-A(m)1 is to counteract the Vrn-A(m)2-mediated delay of flowering.
Base-catalyzed isomerization of alkynyloxiranes. A general synthesis of furans (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBase-catalyzed isomerization of alkynyloxiranes. A general synthesis of furansJames A. Marshall and William J. DuBayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4, 1450–1456Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00030a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00030a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views449Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Data integrity in intelligent networks (1991)

An IN contains considerable information, much of which may be updated through both the management facilities and the services provided. The author examines the different classifications of IN databases and the implications that these have for the update transactions and the integrity of the databases, considering both management and service originated updates. Alternative methods of satisfying the services' needs for data, as opposed to distributing huge quantities of updates around the IN, are also considered. A number of recommendations are made as to the strategies and practices thought desirable.
Performance tuning of a multiprocessor sparse matrix equation solver (2002)

Solving a system of linear simultaneous equations representing an electrical circuit is one of the most time consuming tasks for large scale circuit simulations. In order to facilitate a multiprocessor implementation of the circuit simulation program SPICE, a decomposition algorithm is employed to partition the sparse matrix equation of an overall circuit into a number of sub-circuit equations for parallel processing. In this paper, various implementation and performance tuning issues of a parallel direct method matrix equation solving routine is reported. This routine is written in such a manner that the data structure is compatible with SPICE Version 3Cl. The speed-up obtained for the simulation of several test circuits on a message passing multiprocessor system built on Transputers will be reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improvement of surface roughness by oxygen ion beam machining (1995)

In order to improve the surface roughness of dry-lapped gauge block SKD-1, ion beam machining was performed using argon ions and oxygen ions. It was found that application of oxygen ion machining after removing the oxidized surface layer was very effective for decreasing the surface roughness.
Evolution of the Apolipoprotein E Receptor 2 Gene by Exon Loss (1998)

The apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (apoER2) gene consists of a mosaic of exons, which may have been assembled by "exon shuffling." Analysis of apoER2 transcripts in several species reveals a lost repeat in the ligand-binding domain of primate apoER2. A pseudo-exon found in the primate apoER2 genes corresponds to the lost repeat but contains a crucial deletion that leads to a translational frameshift. The pseudo-exon sequence in primary transcripts of the human apoER2 gene is shown to be abolished by exon skipping due to two nucleotide substitutions at the 5'-splice donor adjacent to the pseudo-exon. These data suggest the occurrence of exon loss in the evolution of the primate apoER2 gene.
Estimating the Number of Classes in a Finite Population (1998)

Abstract We use an extension of the generalized jackknife approach of Gray and Schucany to obtain new nonparametric estimators for the number of classes in a finite population of known size. We also show that generalized jackknife estimators are closely related to certain Horvitz–Thompson estimators, to an estimator of Shlosser, and to estimators based on sample coverage. In particular, the generalized jackknife approach leads to a modification of Shlosser's estimator that does not suffer from the erratic behavior of the original estimator. The performance of both new and previous estimators is investigated by means of an asymptotic variance analysis and a Monte Carlo simulation study.
UDATS-II: data acquisition in a client-server environment (1996)

Continuous data acquisition from current meters and other sensors deployed in the surf zone makes special demands on the capabilities of systems. This paper describes a new system that allows continuous digital recording of data at 10 Hz, with the simultaneous processing of the data to estimate statistical moments. This new design uses a real-time multitasking operating system in a client-server model to achieve the objective of continuous operation while maintaining a robust distributed system. This paper explores some of the alternatives and then details the hardware and software design of the new system. Data collected during the Duck94 field experiment are presented as examples of the capabilities of the new system.
Overlay spectrum reuse in a broadcast network: Covering the whole grayscale of spaces (2012)

In this paper we address the problem of allowing secondary access to the spectrum assigned to a broadcast operator. We assume that the secondary transmitter knows of the primary message but is not able to apply interference cancellation techniques due to the lack of channel state information. Thus, interference cancellation can only be performed at the secondary receivers, provided they are able to decode the primary message. Unlike previous approaches, which study the particular cases of secondary access in a white space (far away from the influence of the primary transmitter) or a black space (inside the primary coverage zone), we present an analysis which is valid for any position of the secondary operation area. An interesting result arises from the study of gray spaces (a region which is near the primary coverage area), where the optimum power allocation for the secondary transmitter can increment the primary coverage area, thus benefiting the primary system.
Critical considerations for the determination of nanoparticle number concentrations, size and number size distributions by single particle ICP-MS (2013)

The metrological criteria for the implementation of the single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICPMS) methodology applied to nanoparticle size characterization and quantification have been investigated. The SP-ICPMS basis involves a process of counting events corresponding to individual nanoparticles, which requires (i) isolation of the contribution of the nanoparticles from that of the background/dissolved analyte, and (ii) avoiding the occurrence of multiple-nanoparticle events. A criterion based on three times the standard deviation of the continuous background (3σ) was selected as the threshold for discrimination of nanoparticle events from the background. Because the detectability of nanoparticles depends on both the size and number concentration, this 3σ criterion was also selected for detection of nanoparticles at the size detection limit and concentrations over the number concentration detection limit. However, at very low number concentrations, a less restrictive criterion must be used. The selection of a critical nanoparticle number concentration, based on the sample introduction and data acquisition parameters, allows the minimization of the occurrence of multiple-nanoparticle events, as well as controlling of the precision associated with the counting of nanoparticle events. Under such conditions, the standard uncertainty associated with the determination of number concentrations was 5%. The uncertainty for the determination of nanoparticle diameters was also studied, varying from 3 to 10% for diameters in the range of 100–40 nm, respectively. Reliable average number concentrations and sizes were obtained, although the number size distributions showed a significant broadening contribution due to the SP-ICPMS measurement process. The feasibility of SP-ICPMS for the implementation of the European Commission definition of "nanomaterial" was studied by analyzing commercial silver nanoparticle suspensions.
Cancer progression and platelets (2016)

要約：癌の進展は，1）原発巣から離脱，2）血管に浸潤，3）血流に運ばれ，4）遠隔臓器の毛細血管壁に粘着して，5）血管外に遊出し，6）転移先で増殖する，という段階を踏むが，血小板はほとんどの段階に関与して転移を促進する．癌細胞が血小板を活性化すると，放出された顆粒内容により上皮間葉転換が生じて原発巣からの離脱が促進される．血中に入り，血小板が癌細胞に粘着すると，流血中のシェアストレスや免疫担当細胞の攻撃から守られ，転移の足場を提供される．転移先では，血小板から放出された増殖因子や血管新生により，腫瘍血管新生と増殖が促進される．すべては血小板が癌細胞により活性化されて粘着するところから始まる．その機序としては，癌細胞表面の膜蛋白ポドプラニンが血小板CLEC-2 と結合して血小板を活性化したり，活性化血小板に表出するP セレクチンが癌細胞上のムチンと結合するといった機序が知られている．本稿では，血小板が癌の進展を，上記各段階において促進する機序を概説する．
Micro rate gyroscopes based on surface acoustic waves (2014)

Traditional vibrational micro rate gyros are not able to survive high shocks due to elastic suspensions and proof masses used in their design. That is why a solid-state gyro (SSG) should be constructed. This paper provides a short introduction to the theoretical framework of surface acoustic wave (SAW) based SSGs and a brief description, analysis and comparison of existing design concepts. It discusses main advantages, problems, and prospects for further development of SAW-based SSGs.
Quinazoline-based tricyclic compounds that regulate programmed cell death, induce neuronal differentiation, and are curative in animal models for excitotoxicity and hereditary brain disease (2015)

Expanding on a quinazoline scaffold, we developed tricyclic compounds with biological activity. These compounds bind to the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) and protect U118MG (glioblastoma cell line of glial origin) cells from glutamate-induced cell death. Fascinating, they can induce neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells (cell line of pheochromocytoma origin with neuronal characteristics) known to display neuronal characteristics, including outgrowth of neurites, tubulin expression, and NeuN (antigen known as 'neuronal nuclei', also known as Rbfox3) expression. As part of the neurodifferentiation process, they can amplify cell death induced by glutamate. Interestingly, the compound 2-phenylquinazolin-4-yl dimethylcarbamate (MGV-1) can induce expansive neurite sprouting on its own and also in synergy with nerve growth factor and with glutamate. Glycine is not required, indicating that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors are not involved in this activity. These diverse effects on cells of glial origin and on cells with neuronal characteristics induced in culture by this one compound, MGV-1, as reported in this article, mimic the diverse events that take place during embryonic development of the brain (maintenance of glial integrity, differentiation of progenitor cells to mature neurons, and weeding out of non-differentiating progenitor cells). Such mechanisms are also important for protective, curative, and restorative processes that occur during and after brain injury and brain disease. Indeed, we found in a rat model of systemic kainic acid injection that MGV-1 can prevent seizures, counteract the process of ongoing brain damage, including edema, and restore behavior defects to normal patterns. Furthermore, in the R6-2 (transgenic mouse model for Huntington disease; Strain name: B6CBA-Tg(HDexon1)62Gpb/3J) transgenic mouse model for Huntington disease, derivatives of MGV-1 can increase lifespan by >20% and reduce incidence of abnormal movements. Also in vitro, these derivatives were more effective than MGV-1.
Glycodelin from seminal plasma is a differentially glycosylated form of contraceptive glycodelin-A (1996)

Glycodelin-A is a human amniotic fluid-derived glycoprotein with contraceptive and immunosuppressive activities. An immunoreactive form of glycodelin was detected in seminal plasma over a decade ago, but definitive characterization of this glycoprotein was not pursued. We considered it unlikely that the seminal plasma of fertile men would contain an appreciable amount of contraceptive glycodelin-A. To address this issue we purified seminal plasma glycodelin (glycodelin-S) and performed comparative studies with glycodelin-A. Glycodelin-S behaved differently when compared with glycodelin-A during sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and isoelectric focusing but identically after enzymatic deglycosylation. N-terminal sequencing of glycodelin-A and glycodelin-S gave identical results, and digestion with trypsin gave identical peptide fragments. The glycoproteins were also found to be indistinguishable from each other based upon immunological analyses. These results indicate that glycodelin-S and glycodelin-A have similar overall protein structure, suggesting the likelihood that these glycoproteins are differentially glycosylated forms of very similar proteins. This latter possibility is supported by lectin binding studies indicating that, unlike glycodelin-A, glycodelin-S does not manifest any affinity for lectins from Wisteria floribunda or Sambucus nigra. The results of sugar analysis and neuraminidase digestion also lead us to conclude that glycodelin-S and glycodelin-A are differentially glycosylated forms of similar proteins. Our evidence indicates that glycodelin-A mediated its biological activities via its unusual oligosaccharide sequences that are not associated with glycodelin-S. In lectin-immunoassay no appreciable amount of contraceptive glycodelin-A was found in the 22 seminal plasma samples studied.
Reducing the branch penalty in pipelined processors (1988)

A probabilistic model is developed to quantify the performance effects of the branch penalty in a typical pipeline. The branch penalty is analyzed as a function of the relative number of branch instructions executed and the probability that a branch is taken. The resulting model shows the fraction of maximum performance achievable under the given conditions. Techniques to reduce the branch penalty include static and dynamic branch prediction, the branch target buffer, the delayed branch, branch bypassing and multiple prefetching, branch folding, resolution of branch decision early in the pipeline, using multiple independent instruction streams in a shared pipeline, and the prepare-to-branch instruction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Critical importance of exposure duration for affective discrimination of stimuli that are not recognized. (1984)

Previous research has found that repeated exposure to briefly presented visual stimuli can increase the positive affect for the stimuli without enhancing their recognition. Subjects could discriminate target and distractor shapes by affective preference in the absence of recognition memory. This study examined this phenomenon as a function of stimulus exposure duration. Over exposure durations of 0, 2, 8, 12, 24, and 48 ms, the functions for affect and recognition judgments exhibited different temporal dynamics. Target selection by affect was possible at very brief exposures and was influenced little by increasing durations; target selection by recognition required longer stimulus exposures and improved with increasing durations. Affective discrimination of stimuli that are not recognized is a reliable phenomenon, but it occurs only within a narrow band of time. This parametric study has specified the relationship between exposure duration and affect and recognition judgments and has located that temporal window.
Mobility of anionic spin probes in water‐containing nylon 6 film (1987)

Abstract The rotational mobility of anionic spin probes in water‐containing nylon 6 film was investigated by means of electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements for comparison with the results for nonionic spin probes reported previously. The extrema separation of the ESR spectra, 2 Az ′ increased with time owing to the evaporation of water. In the higher temperature region, 2 Az ′ increased steeply with time at first, and then more slowly, whereas for the nonionic spin probes, 2 Az ′ increased gradually and monotonically with time. This fact suggests that the anionic probe molecules are more strongly affected by water than the nonionic ones, i.e., the former probes are located in hydrophilic regions and the latter in hydrophobic regions. T 50G , which can be empirically correlated with the glass transition temperature of the polymer T g decreased with increasing water content. The decreasing tendency for the anionic spin probes was stronger than that for the nonionic ones. This fact also indicates that the local environment around the probe molecules varies from probe to probe. The rotational correlation time τ R decreased markedly with an increase in water content. The Arrhenius plots of τ R showed two crossover points. The crossover points in the higher temperature region T n decreased greatly with increasing water content. The difference in T n between dried and water‐containing films was larger than that for T 50G . The activation energy for rotation, E , also decreased with increasing water content. It is suggested that water concentrates around the anionic spin probes and makes their rotation much easier.
Conventional Pad-Dry-Cure Process for Durable- Flame and Wrinkle Resistance With Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Hydroxide (THPOH) (1968)

A durable-flame retardant based on tetrakis (hydroxymethyl ) phosphonium hydroxide (THPOH), urea, and trimethylolmelamine has been developed and applied to cotton fabric. The process is accomplished by padding fabric through a water solution of the three components to a wet pickup of about 75%, drying at moderate temperature, and curing at an elevated temperature. Solutions of 25-34% total solids containing the three components in a molar ratio of 2 : 4 : 1 (THPOH: urea : methylolmelamine), when applied to cotton fabrics of 8-9-oz weight, imparted flame resistance, and only minimal losses in breaking and tearing strength. The treated fabrics retained 91-95% break strength and 73-80% tear strength. Wrinkle recovery angles (W + F) of treated fabrics ranged from 280° to 306°. Wash- wear and durable-press properties are discussed. Little or no yellowing of treated fab rics was observed when bleached with sodium hypochlorite solution and scorched between heated plates. Resin add-ons of fabrics treated in this manner ranged from 15 to 19%. Flame resistance of fabrics treated by this process is retained after boiling the treated fabrics in a soap-sodium carbonate solution for 3 hr or after 15 laundering cycles.
New system for delivery of the mobile phase in supercritical fluid chromatography (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew system for delivery of the mobile phase in supercritical fluid chromatographyTyge. Greibrokk, Ann Lisbeth. Blilie, Einar J. Johansen, and Elsa. LundanesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 14, 2681–2684Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00278a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00278a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts