gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive line enhancement by using an IIR lattice notch filter (1989)

Two simple methods for retrieving a single sinusoid corrupted with noise are proposed. They are based on the lattice form realization of an adaptive infinite-impulse-response (IIR) notch filter. The IIR filter is a cascade of second-order all-pole and all-zero filters, and the coefficients of the finite-impulse-response (FIR) section are adapted. The proposed algorithms keep the poles of the filter inside the unit circle. The computer simulation results show that the algorithms have considerable potential in adaptive notch filter applications, especially when the input signal-to-noise ratio is low.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Probing marine natural product defenses with DESI-imaging mass spectrometry (2009)

To demonstrate that a toxin or other natural product serves as a predator or pathogen deterrent requires that (i) the defined compound in question have the requisite biological activity, (ii) the compound is present at levels capable of eliciting an effect in the target organism, (iii) there is a physical mechanism for the substance to interact with its target before death of the producer, and (iv) the avoidance behavior in the target organism actually occurs. Although many highly-unique natural products have been defined from the marine environment, and they appear to serve as predator and pathogen deterrents, it has been extremely challenging to establish their quantity and physical location in the producing organism's tissues, thus leaving uncertainty about their true natural function. However, in this issue of PNAS, Lane et al. (1) have used a novel mass spectrometric approach [desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)] (Fig. 1) to sensitively, yet precisely, measure the physical location and quantities of antifungal natural products in the surface tissues of a tropical red alga. This advance, combined with other analytical MS developments as described below, is allowing more definitive identification of the physical location of natural products within biological tissues, cells, or even complex mixed-species assemblages (2, 3) and represents a dramatic technological advance for studying such phenomena.
Combined Gene and Stem Cell Therapy for Cutaneous Wound Healing (2011)

In current medical practice, wound therapy remains a clinical challenge and much effort has been focused on the development of novel therapeutic approaches for wound treatment. Gene therapy, initially developed for treatment of congenital defects, represents a promising option for enhancing wound repair. In order to accelerate wound closure, genes encoding for growth factors or cytokines have shown the most potential. The majority of gene delivery systems are based on viral transfection, naked DNA application, high pressure injection, and liposomal vectors. Besides advances stemming from breakthroughs in recombinant growth factors and bioengineered skin, there has been a significant increase in the understanding of stem cell biology in the field of cutaneous wound healing. A variety of sources, such as bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue and skin/hair follicles, have been utilized to isolate stem cells and to modulate the healing response of acute and chronic wounds. Recent data have demonstrated the feasibility of autologous adult stem cell therapy in cutaneous repair and regeneration. Very recently, stem cell based skin engineering in conjunction with gene recombination, in which the stem cells act as both the seed cells and the vehicle for gene delivery to the wound site, represents the most attractive field for generating a regenerative strategy for wound therapy. The aim of this article is to discuss the use and the potential of these novel technologies in order to improve wound healing capacities.
ToGather: Linguistic Knowledge Extraction/Sharing System from Paper Documents (2009)

We usually annotate unknown words and useful expressions with a pen while reading documents written in foreign languages. Although such annotations include a great deal of linguistic knowledge that is required for future reading and writing, these annotations are seldom reused. We propose a system that generates Web-based content using the annotations collected from paper documents written in a foreign language. This system provides a paper-and-pen interface, which is acceptable to most of us. The generated content is specialized for language study, which helps us to internalize the linguistic knowledge in it. The experimental results with a prototype revealed that the system could detect most of the correct annotations with some failures. The system could also visualize the intellectual activity of individuals and a group.
Thermodielectric Bistability in Dual Frequency Nematic Liquid Crystal (2007)

We report on a thermodielectric bistability in dual frequency nematic liquid crystals (LCs) caused by the anisotropic nature of dielectric heating and director reorientation in an electric field. The bistability is a result of the positive feedback loop: director reorientation --> anisotropic dielectric heating --> dielectric anisotrophy --> director reorientation. We demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically that two states with different temperature and director orientation, namely, a cold planar state and a hot homeotropic state coexist in a LC cell for a certain frequency and amplitude range of the applied voltage.
Design Principles of DNA Enzyme-Based Walkers: Translocation Kinetics and Photoregulation (2015)

Dynamic DNA enzyme-based walkers complete their stepwise movements along the prescribed track through a series of reactions, including hybridization, enzymatic cleavage, and strand displacement; however, their overall translocation kinetics is not well understood. Here, we perform mechanistic studies to elucidate several key parameters that govern the kinetics and processivity of DNA enzyme-based walkers. These parameters include DNA enzyme core type and structure, upper and lower recognition arm lengths, and divalent metal cation species and concentration. A theoretical model is developed within the framework of single-molecule kinetics to describe overall translocation kinetics as well as each reaction step. A better understanding of kinetics and design parameters enables us to demonstrate a walker movement near 5 μm at an average speed of ∼1 nm s(-1). We also show that the translocation kinetics of DNA walkers can be effectively controlled by external light stimuli using photoisomerizable azobenzene moieties. A 2-fold increase in the cleavage reaction is observed when the hairpin stems of enzyme catalytic cores are open under UV irradiation. This study provides general design guidelines to construct highly processive, autonomous DNA walker systems and to regulate their translocation kinetics, which would facilitate the development of functional DNA walkers.
Fast Learning-Based Single Image Super-Resolution (2016)

We present a learning-based single image super-resolution (SISR) method to obtain a high resolution (HR) image from a single given low resolution (LR) image. Our method gives more accurate results while also testing (runs) and training faster with a smaller number of training samples compared to other methods. We posed SISR as a problem of estimating a function to predict the pixels of an HR patch using its corresponding LR pixels and their spatial neighborhood. We studied the impact of varying the input LR and output HR patch sizes and gained the following insights: reconstruction accuracy for a given output HR patch size improves when input LR patch size is increased, but the improvement saturates after including a few extra layers of LR pixels. Moreover, HR reconstruction accuracy is the highest when the output HR patch is restricted to only that which corresponds to one LR pixel. We used zero component analysis as a pre-processing step to enhance the estimation optimization energy on perceptually salient features such as edges. We tapped into the ability of polynomial neural networks to hierarchically learn refinements of a function that maps LR to HR patches. Accurate HR reconstruction with small input and output patch sizes not only makes learning more efficient, it also indicates that SISR is a highly local problem. In contrast, a recently proposed and related technique using convolutional neural networks needs much larger training set and longer training time because of larger input-output patch sizes and a computationally expensive learning algorithm.
Feasibility study of photoplethysmographic signals for biometric identification (2011)

The utilization of photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals for biometric identification represents a novel approach in the area of secure authentication. PPG signals can be easily obtained with low cost and have great potential to serve as biometric identification mechanism. This paper explores the feasibility, along with the relevant signal processing methods, of using PPG signals of an individual as a biometric trait. PPG signals from two biometric datasets are examined. PPG signals were obtained from the fingertips of 29 healthy subjects. The experimental results demonstrate that PPG signals can be used as bio-measures for identification purposes given that PPG signals are collected under controlled environment and with accurate sensors.
The Winning Formulation: The Development of Paclitaxel in Pancreatic Cancer (2013)

Paclitaxel has wide application in anticancer therapy but was never considered an efficacious agent in pancreatic cancer. A review of the experience with the Cremaphor formulation hinted at paclitaxel's activity in pancreatic cancer, but the early development was hampered by significant toxicities such as neutropenia and infection at clinically tolerable doses. However, such efficacy was confirmed in the recently completed phase III Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Clinical Trial (MPACT), in which the addition of nab-paclitaxel to gemcitabine significantly improved the survival of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Several other Cremaphor-free formulations of paclitaxel had also been evaluated in pancreatic cancer, and the reasons for the success of the albumin nanoparticulate are examined here. In the era of biologic and molecularly targeted agents, the success of nab-paclitaxel in recalcitrant pancreatic cancer is a timely reminder of the importance and relevance of pharmacology and novel drug delivery technology in the development of anticancer drugs.
A combined ESCA and Auger spectrometer (1975)

A system which accomplishes high−speed, electron−stimulated Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x−ray photoelectron spectroscopy with a double−pass cylindrical−mirror analyzer (CMA) is described. The CMA is well suited for AES because of its very high transmission, but has found very limited use in ESCA studies. In the present system the required source definition for use with a large−diameter x−ray beam is achieved with a two−stage CMA. The required energy resolution for ESCA is achieved with spherical retarding grids. A signal level of 16000 cps is attained on the Ag 3−d lines at 1.25−eV FWHM with a 400 W, Mg anode, x−ray source. Adequate luminosity is achieved primarily through high transmission, rather than a large imaged sample area. The small imaged area (less than 2−mm diam) is useful for selected area analysis and simplifies in−depth analysis when combined with inert−gas sputtering.
Closing the learning-planning loop with predictive state representations (2011)

A central problem in artificial intelligence is to choose actions to maximize reward in a partially observable, uncertain environment. To do so, we must learn an accurate environment model, and then plan to maximize reward. Unfortunately, learning algorithms often recover a model that is too inaccurate to support planning or too large and complex for planning to succeed; or they require excessive prior domain knowledge or fail to provide guarantees such as statistical consistency. To address this gap, we propose a novel algorithm which provably learns a compact, accurate model directly from sequences of action-observation pairs. We then evaluate the learner by closing the loop from observations to actions. In more detail, we present a spectral algorithm for learning a predictive state representation (PSR), and evaluate it in a simulated, vision-based mobile robot planning task, showing that the learned PSR captures the essential features of the environment and enables successful and efficient planning. Our algorithm has several benefits which have not appeared together in any previous PSR learner: it is computationally efficient and statistically consistent; it handles high-dimensional observations and long time horizons; and, our close-the-loop experiments provide an end-to-end practical test.
The multiphosphorylation domain of the phosphorylase kinase alpha M and alpha L subunits is a hotspot of differential mRNA processing and of molecular evolution. (1993)

We have cloned and sequenced human cDNAs encoding the complete phosphorylase kinase alpha subunit muscle isoform (alpha M). The predicted polypeptide is highly similar to the sequence known from rabbit muscle but lacks a major part of its multiphosphorylation domain, including the main phosphorylation site for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Analysis of this region by reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in several human and rabbit tissues demonstrates that it is subject to elaborate differential mRNA splicing. Amino acids 1012-1024 of the full-length rabbit sequence, including the major PKA phosphorylation site, and amino acids 1025-1041, which harbor at least one endogenous phosphorylation site, can be deleted from the predicted polypeptide individually or in combination. Molecules lacking one or both of these segments constitute a major part of the alpha M subunit population in many rabbit tissues and constitute the vast majority in all human tissues analyzed. Similar, tissue-dependent differential splicing events could be detected by RT-PCR in the human alpha subunit isoform from liver (alpha L). The expression of the differentially spliced alpha M subtypes differs markedly between corresponding human and rabbit tissues. Sequence divergence in this region is particularly high, not only between the muscle and liver isoforms, but also between alpha M sequences from four different animal species. Moreover, a duplication of the exon encoding the main PKA phosphorylation site was discovered in the mouse. Thus, the multiphosphorylation domain of the phosphorylase kinase alpha subunit isoforms is subject to pronounced structural variation not only between different tissues of one organism via differential splicing, but also in the course of evolution.
The effect of memantine on sleep architecture and psychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (2015)

Memantine was effective for reducing fragmented sleep and improving BPSD, and was well tolerated.
Current-sourcing push-pull parallel-resonance inverter (CS-PPRI): theory and application as a discharge lamp driver (1994)

A novel topology, current-sourcing push-pull parallel-resonance inverter (CS-PPRI) was investigated theoretically and experimentally. The proposed power stage is built around a current fed push-pull inverter. The main features of the proposed inverter are: a load independent output current and zero voltage switching (ZVS). It is suggested that the proposed CS-PPRI is a viable alternative for realizing electronic ballasts for low and high-intensity discharge lamps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High Power Green Laser By Intracavity Frequency Doubling With KTP Crystal (1989)

High power green laser has a lot of application. We have got 34.2-watt average power of laser at 532nm from a intracavity frequency doubled YAG laser. KTP crystal was used as the frequency doubler. The advantage of Quasi-CW pumping for frequency doubling was taken, the output power of harmonic wave with Quasi-CW pumping is higher than CW pumping. The influence of the polarization property of YAG laser on frequency doubling efficiency was theoretically analysed, and the optimum orientational angle for frequency doubling crystal was found inaddition to the traditional phase matching condition. Some experimental work, the parameters and properties of the laser was reported.
Information and Experience in Metaphor: A Perspective From Computer Analysis (1986)

Novel linguistic metaphor can be seen as the assignment of attributes to a topic through a vehicle belonging to another domain. The experience evoked by the vehicle is a significant aspect of the meaning of the metaphor, especially for abstract metaphor, which involves more than mere physical similarity. In this article I indicate, through description of a specific model, some possibilities as well as limitations of computer processing directed toward both informative and experiential/affective aspects of metaphor. A background to the discussion is given by other computational treatments of metaphor analysis, as well as by some questions about metaphor originating in other disciplines. The approach on which the present metaphor analysis model is based is consistent with a theory of language comprehension that includes both the intent of the originator and the effect on the recipient of the metaphor. The model addresses the dual problem of (a) determining potentially salient properties of the vehicle concept, and (b) defining extensible symbolic representations of such properties, including affective and other connotations. The nature of the linguistic analysis underlying the model suggests how metaphoric expression of experiential components in abstract metaphor is dependent on the nominalization of actions and attributes. The inverse process of undoing such nominalizations in computer analysis of metaphor constitutes a translation of a metaphor to a "more literal" expression within the metaphor-nonmetaphor dichotomy.
Dynamic approach of constructing and storing BP neural network (2011)

BP(back propagation) neural networkis a mathematical model for machine learning.It has a strong advantage in terms of prediction of the future events,and taking into account the different applications.Its impact factors are different,making the model complex and diverse.A general modeling approach was proposed,which constructed and stored BP neural network model dynamically,and its principle was described,furthermore,a typical example(prediction of diseases and pests) was given to verify its effectiveness.
Spontaneous activity of lower urinary tract smooth muscles: correlation between ion channels and tissue function (2005)

Smooth muscles from the urethra and bladder display characteristic patterns of spontaneous contractile activity in the filling phase of the micturition cycle. Tonic contractions are seen in the urethral smooth muscles, and phasic contractions occur in the detrusor. Overactivity in the detrusor is a common clinical problem. The ion channels in the smooth muscle membranes play an important role in determining the functional properties, and are obvious targets for treatment of the overactive bladder. Recent evidence suggests that interstitial cells may also play a role in determining the pattern of spontaneous activity, although their precise role is less well established in the urinary tract than in the gut. The ion channels involved in these cells are also of interest. This review discusses what is known of ion channels in these tissues, and their implications for function.
A 0.8- mu m BiCMOS sea-of-gates implementation of the tandem banyan fast packet switch (2002)

A simple, high-performance architecture for fast packet switching, called the tandem banyan switching fabric, has been proposed. The authors report on the implementation of the routing functionality of this architecture, augmented with self-testing and fault-recovery capabilities, using a high-performance BiCMOS sea-of-gates on a 0.8- mu m technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Predisposing factors for delirium in the surgical intensive care unit (2001)

We determined that conditions such as respiratory diseases, infections, fever, anemia, hypotension, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, azotemia, elevated liver enzymes, hyperamylasemia, hyperbilirubinemia and metabolic acidosis were predicting factors for delirium.
A microprocessor-compatible high-speed 8-bit DAC (1978)

The increasing use of microprocessors in systems which receive or generate analog signals has created a need for data converters which interface to those processors. A D/A converter which includes all registers and logic required for 8-bit microprocessor interface, and can be fabricated with a standard bipolar linear process is described. The system interface timing is specified such that the converter appears as a memory location to the microprocessor. It can be programmed to operate in a wide variety of modes and can interface with the fastest MOS and TTL microprocessors. The converter offers high-speed multiplying operation and an output current mode multiplexer. Status latches are provided to store multiplexer and code select commands. Nonsaturating multilevel logic operating nearly in the linear region provides gate delays of less than 5 ns when fabricated on the same chip with precision linear functions.
The vacuolar H<sup>+</sup>‐translocating ATPase of renal tubules contains a 115‐kDa glycosylated subunit (1991)

Kidney microsomes were fractionated with Triton X-114, to give a fraction enriched in the renal tubule H(+)-translocating ATPase, as judged by the sensitivity of its ATPase activity to bafilomycin A1, and its content of two polypeptides recognized by antibodies directed against subunits of plant tonoplast ATPases. This fraction contained a polypeptide of apparent molecular mass of 115 kDa, that was recognized by an antibody to the largest (120 kDa) subunit of chromaffin-granule membrane H(+)-ATPase, and, like this subunit, was reduced in molecular weight on treatment with glycopeptidase F. We conclude that, like other mammalian vacuolar H(+)-ATPases, the kidney H(+)-ATPase contains a large, glycosylated subunit.
A Colorimetric Microplate Assay Method for High Throughput Analysis of Lipase Activity (2003)

The present work describes a colorimetric microplate assay for lipase activity based on the reaction between 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitro benzoic acid) (DTNB) and the hydrolysis product of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol tributyrate (DMPTB). Reaction mixtures containing DTNB, DMPTB, and lipase were prepared in microplate wells, and the absorbance at 405nm was recorded after incubation at 37 degrees C for 30 min. A linear relationship was obtained in the range of 0.1-1 U of lipase activity by this method. The reaction conditions were also optimized for the range of 0.01-0.1 U or 1-10 U. When assaying crude tissue extracts, the reaction of DTNB with non-specific reducing agents created a major source of error. However, this error was corrected by the use of blank samples that did not contain DMPTB.
Stability and accuracy of active shielding for grounded capacitive sensors (2006)

Active shielding is commonly used to measure remote grounded capacitive sensors because it reduces the effects of both external noise/interference and parasitic capacitances of the shielded cable. However, due to active shielding, the measurement circuit can become unstable and inaccurate. This paper analyses these limitations theoretically and experimentally, and then provides guidelines for improving the performance of active shielding. One of the key points is the selection of the bandwidth of the amplifier that drives the shield of the coaxial cable. A wide bandwidth improves accuracy, but a narrow bandwidth improves stability. Therefore, there is a trade-off between stability and accuracy with respect to the bandwidth of the amplifier.