gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peri- and Postnatal Developmental Toxicity of Salcaprozate Sodium (SNAC) in Sprague-Dawley Rats (2009)

Salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) (sodium 8-((2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino) octanoate, CAS RN 203787-91-1) is classified as an oral absorption promoter and may be a useful means for improving the absorption of certain nutrients and pharmaceutical agents. Presented herein is a subset of data from a larger study evaluating the potential effects of SNAC on the gestation, parturition, lactation, maternal behavior, and offspring development of rats. Pregnant Crl:CD BR VAF/Plus female rats (F(0); n = 25) received SNAC at 1000 mg/kg/d orally (gavage) from implantation through lactation and weaning. F(1) pups were exposed in utero and potentially through maternal milk; observations continued through sexual maturity. The study concluded with Caesarean sectioning of F(1) dams for litter observations and fetal evaluations. No deaths, abortions, premature deliveries, or gross lesions occurred in (F(0)) dams. Excess salivation, red perivaginal substance, and slight reductions in body weights, body weight gains, and/or feed intake were noted in late gestation/early lactation. SNAC was associated with a prolonged gestation period, leading to a greater number of dams with stillborn pups, higher number of stillborn pups, and reduced live litter size. Offspring body weights/gains, feed consumption, age of sexual maturation, mating, fertility, behavioral parameters, and organ weights at necropsy were unaffected by SNAC. No gross external changes were observed in F(1) or F(2) pups. In summary, SNAC administered orally at 1000 mg/kg/d to pregnant rats from gestation to weaning resulted in a slight decrease in maternal body weights (-3.8%) and prolonged gestation, along with an increase in stillbirths, but had no effects on growth and development in surviving offspring.
Dual band wireless power and bi-directional data link for implanted devices in 65 nm CMOS (2016)

Implantable neural recording and stimulation devices hold great promise in monitoring and treatment of neurological disorders, limb reanimation and, development of brain-computer interfaces among other applications. However, transcutaneous wires limit the lifetime of such devices and there is a need for self-contained fully implantable solutions. In this work, we propose a novel dual-frequency approach for simultaneous wireless power transfer and low-power communication for small form factor fully implantable neural devices. We deliver wireless power using efficient magnetically coupled resonators operating at 13.56MHz and communicate using ultra-low power backscatter communication at 915 MHz. We leverage the frequency separation to combine wireless power and communication resonators with minimal interference using a novel concentric design, which meets the stringent size restrictions. We implement the wireless power receiver and communication front end of the implanted device in 65 nm CMOS and demonstrate 25 mW power delivery and 6 Mbps communication link.
Retardation Film Compensated Transmittive Bistable Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays (2002)

The transmittive bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal display with non-cross polarizers are compensated by half-wave and/or integer-wave retardation plates. The compensation is optimized through maximizing the contrast ratio. The optimized bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays with one retardation plate or two retardation plates compensation show great improvement in contrast ratios. The transmittance and the wavelength dispersion of these optimized bistable twisted nematic displays with compensation are also investigated. The simulations are carried out using realistic parameters on bistable twisted nematic modes that have two relatively balanced stable states, a practical retardation value of 0.5 to 0.8 µm and a low contrast ratio. It is confirmed that a high contrast ratio (120:1), high transmittance (33%), and low dispersion are possible for such transmittive bistable liquid crystal displays. Real display images are simulated to show that the compensated bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays can afford true black/white operation similar to ordinary waveguiding twisted nematic modes.
Early Induction of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses during Experimental<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subsp.<i>paratuberculosis</i>Infection of Calves (2003)

Johne's disease (paratuberculosis) of cattle is widespread and causes significant economic losses for producers due to decreased production and poor health of affected animals. The chronic nature of the disease and the lack of a reproducible model of infection hinder research efforts. In the present study, instillation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis into the tonsillar crypts of neonatal calves resulted in peripheral colonization as detected by antemortem culture of feces and postmortem (320 days postchallenge) culture of intestinal tissues. Antigen-specific blastogenic, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and nitric oxide responses by blood mononuclear cells from infected calves exceeded prechallenge responses beginning 194 days postchallenge. Upon in vitro stimulation with paratuberculosis antigens, CD4(+) cells from infected calves proliferated, produced IFN-gamma, and increased expression of CD26 and CD45RO (indicative of an activated memory phenotype). Utilizing a lipoarabinomannan-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, specific serum immunoglobulin was detected as early as 134 days postchallenge and generally increased after this time point. Two antigens of approximately 50 and approximately 60 kDa were particularly immunodominant early in infection, as shown by immunoblot with serum collected within 2 weeks postchallenge. Findings indicate that the intratonsillar inoculation route will prove useful as an experimental model for paratuberculosis infection. Additionally, this study confirms that mycobacteria-specific antibody is detectable early in the course of experimental Johne's disease, even preceding the development of specific cell-mediated responses.
Design of a Compact Hexa‐Band Coupling Antenna for 4g Mobile Handset Using a Small Element With Two Slots (2013)

ABSTRACT This article describes the design, fabrication, and measurement of a compact hexa‐band coupling antenna for 4G mobile handset using a small element with two slots. In order to obtain sufficient bandwidth (LTE700, GSM850, GSM900, GSM1800, GSM1900, UMTS) when Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) ≤ 3:1, two slots are inserted in the small element, and coupling patch is used. The measured result of the fabricated antenna provides 410 MHz bandwidth from 0.688 to 1.098 GHz and 643 MHz bandwidth from 1.607 to 2.250 GHz (VSWR ≤ 3:1) with the gain ranging from −0.52 to 6.63 dBi. Also, a good radiation pattern is achieved within the hexa‐band (0.698–0.960 GHz and 1.710–2.170 GHz) range. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1708–1711, 2013
Enhanced durability of high-temperature desulfurization sorbents for fluidized-bed applications (1992)

The objectives of this project are to identify and demonstrate methods for enhancing long-term chemical reactivity and attrition resistance of zinc ferrite and zinc titanate sorbents to be employed for desulfurization of hot coal-derived gases in a high-temperature, high-pressure (HTHP) fluid-bed reactor. The sorbent formulation specified for study during the base period of this project was zinc ferrite. Zinc titanate sorbents are being studied under two options to the base contract. Specific objectives of the zinc titanate sorbent development work are the following: The effect of following process variables was investigated o the performance of zinc titanate sorbents: Method of sorbent preparation, Composition of fuel gas, Zn to Ti ratio of the sorbent, Sulfidation temperature, and Superficial gas velocity. The effect of first three variables has been covered in RTI`s 1991 paper (Gupta and Gangwal, 1991b), while the effect of temperature and superficial gas velocity is described here.
On the Bimodality of the Kick Velocity Distribution of Radio Pulsars (2005)

We propose that the bimodal nature of the kick velocity distribution of radio pulsars is connected to the dichotomy between hadronic stars (i.e. neutron stars with no quark matter content) and quark stars. Bimodality can appear due to different mechanisms of explosion which lead to the formation of two types of compact stars or due to two different sets of parameters driving a particular kick mechanism. The low velocity maximum (at ∼ 100 km s) is associated with hadronic star formation, whereas the second peak corresponds to quark stars. In the model of delayed collapse of hadronic stars to quark stars, quark deconfinement leads to a second energy release, and to a second kick, in addition to the kick imparted to the newly formed hadronic star during the supernova explosion. If the electromagnetic rocket mechanism can give a significant contribution to pulsar kicks, then the high velocity peak can be associated with the shorter initial spin periods of quark stars with respect to hadronic stars. An important property of the compact stars usually called neutron stars (NSs) is their spatial velocity distribution. At the present time the most widely accepted velocity distribution is the one obtained by Arzoumanian, Chernoff & Cordes (2002) . It is a bimodal distribution with two Maxwellian components. Here we propose a scenario in which the low-velocity part of the distribution is connected with normal (hadronic) compact stars, and the high-velocity part is formed by objects with some amount of quark matter inside (hybrid or strange stars). The fact that we are dealing with radio pulsars (PSRs) tells us that to produce different kicks we cannot use ideas which involve physical conditions in which radio pulsars do not exist (for example, too low magnetic fields, or too long initial rotational periods). Binaries also cannot explain this bimodality (they do not produce enough high-velocity NSs if isolated and binary progenitor stars produce PSRs with comparable probabilities). So we come to a conclusion that some significant dichotomy among normal, single (isolated) radio pulsars is required. The strongest theoretically known dichotomy in compact stars is the dichotomy between pure hadronic stars (HSs) and quark stars (QSs). Among many differences between HSs and QSs, typical kick velocities for the members of these two families of compact stars can also be different. A quark star can be formed in a delayed collapse (see Berezhiani et al. 2003) or in a direct collapse with additional energy release. In both cases an additional
Communication protocol for virtual cellular network (VCN) (2002)

A new wireless communication architecture, the 'virtual cellular network (VCN)' was proposed in order to improve the performance of conventional cellular networks. The advantage of the VCN includes increased throughput, easy placing of ports, no handover and simple wireless communications. A random access uplink (mobile-to-station) protocol, the multi-packet encoding (MPE) is proposed for the VCN in order to provide almost fair throughput independently of the position of the mobiles. Moreover, the MPE reduces the backoff delay by using an error correction code, and increases the downlink channel efficiency due to the minimized feedback (ack's). A minimum group (MG) protocol is proposed for the downlink. The MG protocol supports multicast (several ports send the same downstream packets) as well as unicast (only one port sends the packet to a mobile).
P74 NTR and its Role in Regeneration: Potential Neuroprotective Effects (2009)

p75NTR is an important neurotrophin receptor and plays a crucial role in many diverse functions in neurons. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), p75NTR is known to enhance myelin formation and promote regeneration when it binds to various neurotrophins. However, in the central nervous system (CNS), p75NTR expression affects neuron survival in contrasting fashions depending on the ligand it binds and the other receptors with which it interacts. Recent evidence points to p75NTR as a potential neuron survival promoting receptor when activated in tandem with the apoptotic p75NTR pathway induced by NGF and nitric oxide (NO). Whether p75NTR expression can promote neuron survival or regeneration in a growth inhibitory and apoptotic environment such as the CNS remains unknown. We hypothesize that over-expression of p75NTR will increase neuron survival under otherwise apoptotic and growth inhibitory conditions. To support this hypothesis, we will over- and under-express p75NTR in CNS and PNS neurons both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments will apply PNS and CNS specific neuron cultures with siRNA induced p75NTR under-expression or promoter induced p75NTR over- expression in the presence and absence of p75NTR ligands. In vivo experiments will apply a tetracycline induced Cre/LoxP mouse model to over and under express p75NTR and its ligands in both PNS and CNS. We will measure neuron survival using azino-bis (ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay and the CellTiterGlo ATP assay. Our experiments should reveal a possible means of preventing CNS neuron death in cases of injury or neurodegeneration.
Biosorption: critical review of scientific rationale, environmental importance and significance for pollution treatment (2008)

Abstract Biosorption may be simply defined as the removal of substances from solution by biological material . Such substances can be organic and inorganic, and in gaseous, soluble or insoluble forms. Biosorption is a physico‐chemical process and includes such mechanisms as absorption, adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation and precipitation. Biosorption is a property of both living and dead organisms (and their components) and has been heralded as a promising biotechnology for pollutant removal from solution, and/or pollutant recovery, for a number of years, because of its efficiency, simplicity, analogous operation to conventional ion exchange technology, and availability of biomass. Most biosorption studies have carried out on microbial systems, chiefly bacteria, microalgae and fungi, and with toxic metals and radionuclides, including actinides like uranium and thorium. However, practically all biological material has an affinity for metal species and a considerable amount of other research exists with macroalgae (seaweeds) as well as plant and animal biomass, waste organic sludges, and many other wastes or derived bio‐products. While most biosorption research concerns metals and related substances, including radionuclides, the term is now applied to particulates and all manner of organic substances as well. However, despite continuing dramatic increases in published research on biosorption, there has been little or no exploitation in an industrial context. This article critically reviews aspects of biosorption research regarding the benefits, disadvantages, and future potential of biosorption as an industrial process, the rationale, scope and scientific value of biosorption research, and the significance of biosorption in other waste treatment processes and in the environment. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Colistin (2014)

Colistin (polymyxin E) is a positively charged deca-peptide antibiotic that disrupts the integrity of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria by binding to the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharides, resulting in cell death. The endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharides is simultaneously inhibited. Colistin is increasingly being prescribed as rescue treatment for infections with multidrug-resistant bacilli. Nephrotoxicity and, to a lesser degree, neurotoxicity occur often during systemic colistin therapy, and have severely limited its application in the past. However, these side effects are largely reversible and can be managed through close monitoring. The prodrug colistimethate sodium (CMS) is less toxic and is, therefore, the preferred formulation for parenteral administration. Importantly, resistance to colistin seems to emerge often unless it is combined with another antibiotic, but further studies into this phenomenon are necessary. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties have received little attention, partly because of the physicochemical peculiarities of polymyxin antibiotics, especially their propensity to stick to other molecules and surfaces. The ratio between the area under the curve of free colistin and the pathogen's Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) best predicts microbiological and clinical responses, but more studies are needed in this area. Likewise, further standardization is needed in production and labeling of colistin formulations, and in the way the susceptibility of bacteria to colistin is determined.
Mechanism of advanced evaporation of glass under the action of laser radiation (1977)

A study was made of the mechanism of the advanced evaporation of K8 glass under the action of optical laser radiation. An increase in the absorption in the surface layer of the transparent glass was due to the photoionization caused by the ultraviolet radiation emitted by the vaporized substance. The gasdynamic parameters of a jet of the evaporated material were deduced from experimental measurements of the recoil impulse and the vapor temperature was calculated approximately for one-dimensional expansion of a gas heated by the incident laser radiation. In the investigated range of power densities the calculated rate of evaporation of the glass agreed to with ~30% with the experimental value.
A Comparison of State‐of‐the‐Art Classification Techniques for Expert Automobile Insurance Claim Fraud Detection (2002)

Abstract Several state‐of‐the‐art binary classification techniques are experimentally evaluated in the context of expert automobile insurance claim fraud detection. The predictive power of logistic regression, C4.5 decision tree, k ‐nearest neighbor, Bayesian learning multilayer perceptron neural network, least‐squares support vector machine, naive Bayes, and tree‐augmented naive Bayes classification is contrasted. For most of these algorithm types, we report on several operationalizations using alternative hyperparameter or design choices. We compare these in terms of mean percentage correctly classified (PCC) and mean area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve using a stratified, blocked, ten‐fold cross‐validation experiment. We also contrast algorithm type performance visually by means of the convex hull of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves associated with the alternative operationalizations per algorithm type. The study is based on a data set of 1,399 personal injury protection claims from 1993 accidents collected by the Automobile Insurers Bureau of Massachusetts. To stay as close to real‐life operating conditions as possible, we consider only predictors that are known relatively early in the life of a claim. Furthermore, based on the qualification of each available claim by both a verbal expert assessment of suspicion of fraud and a ten‐point‐scale expert suspicion score, we can compare classification for different target/class encoding schemes. Finally, we also investigate the added value of systematically collecting nonflag predictors for suspicion of fraud modeling purposes. From the observed results, we may state that: (1) independent of the target encoding scheme and the algorithm type, the inclusion of nonflag predictors allows us to significantly boost predictive performance; (2) for all the evaluated scenarios, the performance difference in terms of mean PCC and mean AUROC between many algorithm type operationalizations turns out to be rather small; visual comparison of the algorithm type ROC curve convex hulls also shows limited difference in performance over the range of operating conditions; (3) relatively simple and efficient techniques such as linear logistic regression and linear kernel least‐squares support vector machine classification show excellent overall predictive capabilities, and (smoothed) naive Bayes also performs well; and (4) the C4.5 decision tree operationalization results are rather disappointing; none of the tree operationalizations are capable of attaining mean AUROC performance in line with the best. Visual inspection of the evaluated scenarios reveals that the C4.5 algorithm type ROC curve convex hull is often dominated in large part by most of the other algorithm type hulls.
Poly((4-carboxyphenyl)acetylene) as a Probe for Chirality Assignment of Amines by Circular Dichroism (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly((4-carboxyphenyl)acetylene) as a Probe for Chirality Assignment of Amines by Circular DichroismEiji Yashima, Teruaki Matsushima, and Yoshio OkamotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 46, 11596–11597Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00151a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00151a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1603Altmetric-Citations247LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Cannabinoid Therapeutics in Parkinson’s Disease: Promise and Paradox (2017)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) involves neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and diminished trophic support. The endo-cannabinoid system (comprising small bioactive compounds, their synthetic and catabolic enzymes, their metabotropic and ionotropic receptors, and their transporters) has been implicated in neurophysiology and neurodegeneration, leading to the proposal of medicines derived from Cannabis sativa as new PD therapies. Here, the potential for cannabinoid-based PD therapies is reviewed. The clinical significance of cannabinoids in PD presents both promise and paradox, with varied data emerging from disparate model systems, clinical trials, and delivery modalities, including medical applications of native (plant-derived) and synthetic cannabis products. This picture is complicated further by the multivariate involvement of metabotropic and ionotropic receptors, an emerging understanding of new cannabinoid targets (e.g., PPARγ and GPRs18, 55, and 119), and the potential role of entourage compounds (e.g., geraniol, apigenin) in any protective or therapeutic effects observed.
Zwitterionic liquid crystals as 1D and 3D lithium ion transport media (2015)

3D and 1D lithium ion transport is achieved along nanostructured ionic pathways built through co-assembly of a zwitterionic liquid crystal, a lithium salt and propylene carbonate.
Fundamentals of Ubiquitous Tracking for Augmented Reality (2003)

To enable rich and meaningful Augmented Reality (AR) experiences within a Ubiquitous Computing environment, a detailed, coherent and up-to-date spatial model of the world is essential. However, current tracking technologies are limited in their range and operating environments.