gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enabling technologies for self-aware adaptive systems (2010)

Self-aware computer systems will be capable of adapting their behavior and resources thousands of times a second to automatically find the best way to accomplish a given goal despite changing environmental conditions and demands. Such a capability benefits a broad spectrum of computer systems from embedded systems to supercomputers and is particularly useful for meeting power, performance, and resource-metering challenges in mobile computing, cloud computing, multicore computing, adaptive and dynamic compilation environments, and parallel operating systems. Some of the challenges in implementing self-aware systems are a) knowing within the system what the goals of applications are and if they are meeting them, b) deciding what actions to take to help applications meet their goals, and c) developing standard techniques that generalize and can be applied to a broad range of self-aware systems. This work presents our vision for self-aware adaptive systems and proposes enabling technologies to address these three challenges. We describe a framework called Application Heartbeats that provides a general, standardized way for applications to monitor their performance and make that information available to external observers. Then, through a study of a self-optimizing synchronization library called Smartlocks, we demonstrate a powerful technique that systems can use to determine which optimization actions to take. We show that Heartbeats can be applied naturally in the context of reinforcement learning optimization strategies as a reward signal and that, using such a strategy, Smartlocks are able to significantly improve performance of applications on an important emerging class of multicore systems called asymmetric multicores.
The animation of autonomous actors based on production rules (2002)

We present a formal theory of a behavioral L-system and describe as application a real time structured L-system interpreter. The behavioral L-system is a timed, conditional, stochastic, parametric and environmentally sensitive L-system which allows besides the modeling of plant and fractal development the description and animation of autonomous actors completely defined by production rules. A virtual environment including geometric objects, force fields and sounds and the behaviors of actors can be defined using the same formalism of the behavioral L-systems.
Tunnel field-effect transistors - update (2014)

Progress in the development of tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) is updated. Selected experimental demonstrations and simulations of sub-60-mV/decade TFETs are compared. A universal SPICE model is discussed which allows the unique attributes of the TFET to be represented across material systems and gate geometries to enable circuit design, with the intent of better informing the device development.
How To Form a Phosphate Anhydride Linkage in Nucleotide Derivatives (2015)

The fundamental roles of nucleoside triphosphates and nucleotide cofactors such as NAD(+) in biochemistry are well known. In recent decades, continuing research has revealed the key role of 5'-capped RNA and 5',5'-dinucleoside polyphosphates in the regulation of vitally important physiological processes. Last but not least, the commercial potential of nucleoside triphosphate synthesis can hardly be overestimated. Nevertheless, despite decades of investigation and the obvious topicality of the research on the chemical synthesis of the nucleotide compounds containing phosphate anhydride linkages, none of the existing procedures can be considered an up-to-date "gold standard". However, there are a number of fruitful synthetic approaches to forming phosphate anhydride linkages in satisfactory yield. These are summarized in this concise review, organized by the type of active phosphorous intermediate and reagents used.
Galectin‐3 is a new MerTK‐specific eat‐me signal (2011)

Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cellular debris is a critical process of maintaining tissue and immune homeostasis. Defects in the phagocytosis process cause autoimmunity and degenerative diseases. Phagocytosis ligands or "eat-me" signals control the initiation of the process by linking apoptotic cells to receptors on phagocyte surface and triggering signaling cascades for cargo engulfment. Eat-me signals are traditionally identified on a case-by-case basis with challenges, and the identification of their cognate receptors is equally daunting. Here, we identified galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a new MerTK ligand by an advanced dual functional cloning strategy, in which phagocytosis-based functional cloning is combined with receptor-based affinity cloning to directly identify receptor-specific eat-me signal. Gal-3 interaction with MerTK was independently verified by co-immunoprecipitation. Functional analyses showed that Gal-3 stimulated the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cellular debris by macrophages and retinal pigment epithelial cells with MerTK activation and autophosphorylation. The Gal-3-mediated phagocytosis was blocked by excessive soluble MerTK extracellular domain and lactose. These results suggest that Gal-3 is a legitimate MerTK-specific eat-me signal. The strategy of dual functional cloning with applicability to other phagocytic receptors will facilitate unbiased identification of their unknown ligands and improve our capacity for therapeutic modulation of phagocytic activity and innate immune response.
A novel high speed low skew clock distribution scheme in 0.8 micron CMOS (1996)

This paper presents a novel clock distribution scheme to achieve low skew in high-speed VLSI systems. The method was devised to solve the problem of distributing a 1.0 GHz clock along a 1.0 Gbps 10-channel wide PECL to CMOS interface circuit. The differential clock signals are distributed along a lossy transmission line which is connected between the differential input stage of an amplifier and the diode-connected load of the differential amplifier, forming a distributed differential amplifier which is in effect the clock distribution circuitry. This scheme results in a simulated skew of less than 20.0 ps across 3600 /spl mu/m. Although the targeted clock frequency is very close to the performance limits of the technology, our approach increases the operating frequency of practical VLSI systems in 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
From chips to dust: The MEMS shatter secure chip (2014)

This paper presents the implementation of a transience mechanism for silicon microchips via low-temperature postprocessing steps that transform almost any electronic, optical or MEMS substrate chips into transient ones. Transience is achieved without any hazardous or explosive materials. Triggered chip transience is achieved by the incorporation of a distributed, thermally-activated expanding material on the chip backside. When heated at 160 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C the expanding material produces massive chip cleavage mechanically shattering the chip into a heap of silicon dust.
Effect of Acetaminophen on CGM Glucose in an Outpatient Setting (2015)

Acetaminophen (paracetamol) interferes with continuous glucose monitor (CGM) sensing, resulting in falsely elevated CGM glucose values in both sensors currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In amperometric glucose biosensors, particularly those measuring hydrogen peroxide, acetaminophen’s phenolic moiety is oxidized at the sensing electrode, producing an electrochemical signal not related to glucose (1). Limited published data exist documenting the magnitude of the effect of acetaminophen on CGM glucose (2), especially in the outpatient setting with contemporary sensor technology. Currently, the FDA recommends that insulin dosing decisions are based on blood glucose (BG) meter values, not CGM glucose values. Given the common use of acetaminophen, its interference with CGM sensing has significant clinical implications for patients who use CGM. To better understand this effect, we performed an acetaminophen challenge as part of an outpatient study designed to investigate the potential challenges to closed-loop systems, which use CGM sensor …
Bladder Cancer — Field versus Clonal Origin (1992)

THE paper in this issue of the Journal by Sidransky and his colleagues on the clonal origin of multiple tumors of the bladder1 augments our understanding of genetic changes in the bladder during early neoplasia and has implications for other common cancers. Transitional-cell cancer of the urinary bladder has an incidence rate of 15 in 100,000 and a mortality rate of 4 in 100,000; these rates increase steeply between 50 and 65 years of age and are four to five times higher in men. As with most tumors, the cause of bladder tumors is multifactorial, but exposure to chemical carcinogens . . .
Manipulating liquid plugs in microchannel with controllable air vents (2012)

An air venting element on microchannel, which can be controlled externally and automatically, was demonstrated for manipulating liquid plugs in microfluidic systems. The element's open and closed statuses correspond to the positioning and movement of a liquid plug in the microchannel. Positioning of multiple liquid plugs at an air venting element enabled the merging and mixing of the plugs. Besides these basic functions, other modes of liquid plug manipulations including plug partitioning, multiple plug mixing, and spacing adjustment between liquid plugs, were realized using combination of multiple elements. The structure, operation, and some functions of the element were demonstrated with a microfluidic chip application. The performances of the element including its failure modes, threshold flow rate, and structural optimization were also discussed.
The TUM/LRT electromagnetic launchers (1986)

In the laboratory of the Lehrstuhl für Raumfahrttechnik LRT (Astronautical Institute) of the Technische Universität München TUM (Technical University Munich) different types of electromagnetic launchers are being developed and operated : (1) An electromagnetic accelerator which accelerates particles in the mass range of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> g < m < 10 g to velocities up to 500 m/s ; (2) an electrothermal accelerator, where particles of masses of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> g < m < 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> g reach velocities up to 3 km/s ; (3)a rail gun which accelerates particles in the mass range of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> g < m < 10 g up to 3,5 km/s ; (4) a plasma-dynamic launcher where particles in the mass range of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> g < m < 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> g can be accelerated to velocities up to 20 km/s. All these systems use a fast, low inductance capacitor bank for energy storage. The first section of this paper gives a description of the four accelerator systems together with the present performance data and limitations. The current development work is discussed. In the second section the plasma diagnostics, that are used in the accelerator types (2), (3) and (4) are described together with the plasma shielding, that is necessary in the impact section. The next section describes the specific impact diagnostics, that had to be developed for the plasma accelerator. In the final section the research programs are described, in which these electro-magnetic accelerators are used.
<i>In silico</i> analysis of complete bacterial genomes: PCR, AFLP–PCR and endonuclease restriction (2004)

This is a new molecular biology resource freely available over the Internet at http://www.in-silico.com
Performance analysis of two-hop relayed transmissions over Rayleigh fading channels (2003)

Closed form expressions for the statistics of the harmonic mean of two independent exponential variates are presented. These statistical results are then applied to study the performance of wireless communication systems with non-regenerative relays over flat Rayleigh fading channels. It is shown that these results can either be exact or tight lower bounds on the performance of these systems depending on the choice of the relay gain. More specifically, outage probability formulas for noise limited systems are obtained. Furthermore, outage capacity and bit error rate (BER) expressions for binary differential phase shift keying are derived. Finally, comparisons between regenerative and non-regenerative systems are presented. Numerical results show that the former systems clearly outperform the latter ones for low average signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). They also show that the two systems have similar performance at high average SNR.
Cell surface-bound elastase and cathepsin G on human neutrophils: a novel, non-oxidative mechanism by which neutrophils focus and preserve catalytic activity of serine proteinases. (1995)

Serine proteinases of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils play an important role in neutrophil-mediated proteolytic events; however, the non-oxidative mechanisms by which the cells can degrade extracellular matrix in the presence of proteinase inhibitors have not been elucidated. Herein, we provide the first report that human neutrophils express persistently active cell surface-bound human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G on their cell surface. Unstimulated neutrophils have minimal cell surface expression of these enzymes; however, phorbol ester induces a 30-fold increase. While exposure of neutrophils to chemoattractants (fMLP and C5a) stimulates modest (two- to threefold) increases in cell surface expression of serine proteinases, priming with concentrations of lipopolysaccharide as low as 100 fg/ml leads to striking (up to 10-fold) increase in chemoattractant-induced cell surface expression, even in the presence of serum proteins. LPS-primed and fMLP-stimulated neutrophils have approximately 100 ng of cell surface human leukocyte elastase activity per 10(6) cells. Cell surface-bound human leukocyte elastase is catalytically active, yet is remarkably resistant to inhibition by naturally occurring proteinase inhibitors. These data indicate that binding of serine proteinases to the cell surface focuses and preserves their catalytic activity, even in the presence of proteinase inhibitors. Upregulated expression of persistently active cell surface-bound serine proteinases on activated neutrophils provides a novel mechanism to facilitate their egress from the vasculature, penetration of tissue barriers, and recruitment into sites of inflammation. Dysregulation of the cell surface expression of these enzymes has the potential to cause tissue destruction during inflammation.
Three-dimensional visualization of ensemble weather forecasts – Part 1: The visualization tool Met.3D (version 1.0) (2015)

Abstract. We present "Met.3D", a new open-source tool for the interactive three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of numerical ensemble weather predictions. The tool has been developed to support weather forecasting during aircraft-based atmospheric field campaigns; however, it is applicable to further forecasting, research and teaching activities. Our work approaches challenging topics related to the visual analysis of numerical atmospheric model output – 3-D visualization, ensemble visualization and how both can be used in a meaningful way suited to weather forecasting. Met.3D builds a bridge from proven 2-D visualization methods commonly used in meteorology to 3-D visualization by combining both visualization types in a 3-D context. We address the issue of spatial perception in the 3-D view and present approaches to using the ensemble to allow the user to assess forecast uncertainty. Interactivity is key to our approach. Met.3D uses modern graphics technology to achieve interactive visualization on standard consumer hardware. The tool supports forecast data from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and can operate directly on ECMWF hybrid sigma-pressure level grids. We describe the employed visualization algorithms, and analyse the impact of the ECMWF grid topology on computing 3-D ensemble statistical quantities. Our techniques are demonstrated with examples from the T-NAWDEX-Falcon 2012 (THORPEX – North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment) campaign.
Assessing attractiveness in online dating profiles (2008)

Online dating systems play a prominent role in the social lives of millions of their users, but little research has considered how users perceive one another through their personal profiles. We examined how users perceive attractiveness in online dating profiles, which provide their first exposure to a potential partner. Participants rated whole profiles and profile components on such qualities as how attractive, extraverted, and genuine and trustworthy they appeared. As past research in the psychology of attraction would suggest, the attractiveness and other qualities of the photograph were the strongest predictors of whole profile attractiveness, but they were not alone: the free-text component also played an important role in predicting overall attractiveness. In turn, numerous other qualities predicted the attractiveness ratings of photos and free-text components, albeit in different ways for men and women. The fixed-choice elements of a profile, however, were unrelated to attractiveness.
Stabile <i>ortho</i>‐Semichinonsalze (1965)

Abstract Darstellung, Eigenschaften und Reaktionen neuer substituierter o ‐Semichinon‐Salze 1,2) werden beschrieben. Die paramagnetische Suszeptibilität der Verbindungen wird gemessen. Die ESR‐Spektren zeigen eine Delokalisierung des freien Elektrons über den ganzen Ring an. Die Reaktionen der Semichinone lassen auf eine vorgelagerte Disproportionierung in o ‐Chinon und Brenzcatechin‐dimetallsalz schließen.
One Pot Synthesis of a Polyisoprene Polyrotaxane and Conversion to a Slide‐Ring Gel (2015)

Synthesis of a cyclodextrin (CD) polyrotaxane is achieved for the first time by simultaneous free radical polymerization of isoprene, threading by CD, and stoppering by copolymerization of styrene. This reaction is performed in an eco-friendly manner in an aqueous medium similar to classical emulsion polymerization. Threaded CD rings of the polyrotaxane are cross-linked by hexamethylene diisocyanate, leading to highly elastic slide-ring gels.
Synthesis of ribonucleic acid containing 6-thioguanylic acid residues (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of ribonucleic acid containing 6-thioguanylic acid residuesJ. L. Darlix, P. Fromageot, and E. ReichCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 5, 914–919Publication Date (Print):February 27, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 February 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00729a019https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00729a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: BIPHASE SYSTEMS. 7. SYNTHESIS OF SIMPLE AND N‐SUBSTITUTED SULFAMATES UNDER CONDITIONS OF LIQUID‐LIQUID PHASE TRANSFER (1985)

Abstract Die Sulfamate (II) und (V) werden unter Phasen‐Transfer‐Bedingungen in sehr guten Ausbeuten aus den Aziden (I) bzw. aus den Chloriden (III) hergestellt.
Beiträge zur keltisch-germanischen Besiedlung im Mittelgebirgsraum (2018)

Rezension zu: Beiträge zur keltisch-germanischen Besiedlung im Mittelgebirgsraum. Internationales Kolloquium 15. bis 17. Mai 1990 in Weimar. Weimarer Monographien zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Band 28. Herausgegeben vom Thüringischen Landesamt für Archäologische Denkmalpflege durch Sigrid Dusek. Kommissionsverlag Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1992. ISBN 3-8062-1072-1. 216 Seiten mit zahlreichen Abbildungen.
Design and Synthesis of Active Site Inhibitors of the Human Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase: Apoptosis and Inhibition of ERK Phosphorylation in Multiple Myeloma Cells (2012)

Human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS) controls intracellular levels of FPP and post-translational prenylation of small GTPase proteins, which are essential for cell signaling and cell proliferation. Clinical investigations provide evidence that N-BP inhibitors of hFPPS are disease modifying agents that improve survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients via mechanisms unrelated to their skeletal effects. A new series of N-BPs was designed that interact with a larger portion of the GPP subpocket, as compared to the current therapeutic drugs, and rigidify the (364)KRRK(367) tail of hFPPS in the closed conformation in the absence of IPP. An analogue of this series was used to demonstrate inhibition of the intended biological target, resulting in apoptosis and down-regulation of ERK phosphorylation in human MM cell lines.
Racing and Pacing to Idle: Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Energy Optimization Heuristics (2015)

The problem of minimizing energy for a performance constraint (e.g., Real-time deadline or quality-of-service requirement) has been widely studied, both in theory and in practice. Theoretical models have indicated large potential energy savings, but practical concerns have made these savings hard to realize. Instead, practitioners often rely on heuristic solutions, which achieve good results in practice but tend to be system-specific in efficacy. An example is the race-to-idle heuristic, which makes all resources available until a task completes and then idles. Theory predicts poor energy savings, but practitioners have reported good empirical results. To help bridge the gap between theory and practice, this paper presents a geometrical framework for analyzing the energy optimality of resource allocation under performance constraints. The geometry of the problem allows us to derive an optimal strategy and three commonly used heuristics: 1) race-to-idle, 2) pace-to-idle a near-optimal idling strategy, and 3) no-idle which never idles. We then implement all strategies and test them empirically for seven benchmarks on four different multicore systems, including both x86 and ARM. We find that race-to-idle is near optimal on older systems, but can consume as much as 3× more energy than the optimal strategy. In contrast, pace-to-idle is never more than 12% worse than optimal.