gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Strategy for Specifically Down-regulating Individual Rho GTPase Activity in Tumor Cells (2003)

The Rho family GTPases RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC regulate the actin cytoskeleton, cell movement, and cell growth. Unlike Ras, up-regulation or overexpression of these GDP/GTP binding molecular switches, but not activating point mutations, has been associated with human cancer. Although they share over 85% sequence identity, RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC appear to play distinct roles in cell transformation and metastasis. In NIH 3T3 cells, RhoA or RhoB overexpression causes transformation whereas RhoC increases the cell migration rate. To specifically target RhoA, RhoB, or RhoC function, we have generated a set of chimeric molecules by fusing the RhoGAP domain of p190, a GTPase-activating protein that accelerates the intrinsic GTPase activity of all three Rho GTPases, with the C-terminal hypervariable sequences of RhoA, RhoB, or RhoC. The p190-Rho chimeras were active as GTPase-activating proteins toward RhoA in vitro, co-localized with the respective active Rho proteins, and specifically down-regulated Rho protein activities in cells depending on which Rho GTPase sequences were included in the chimeras. In particular, the p190-RhoA-C chimera specifically inhibited RhoA-induced transformation whereas p190-RhoC-C specifically reversed the migration phenotype induced by the active RhoC. In human mammary epithelial-RhoC breast cancer cells, p190-RhoC-C, but not p190-RhoA-C or p190-RhoB-C, reversed the anchorage-independent growth and invasion phenotypes caused by RhoC overexpression. In the highly metastatic A375-M human melanoma cells, p190-RhoC-C specifically reversed migration, and invasion phenotypes attributed to RhoC up-regulation. Thus, we have developed a novel strategy utilizing RhoGAP-Rho chimeras to specifically down-regulate individual Rho activity and demonstrate that this approach may be applied to multiple human tumor cells to reverse the growth and/or invasion phenotypes associated with disregulation of a distinct subtype of Rho GTPase.
Galectin-3 predicts response to statin therapy in the Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in Heart Failure (CORONA) (2012)

Patients with systolic HF of ischaemic aetiology who have galectin-3 values <19.0 ng/mL may benefit from rosuvastatin treatment. However, the data from this post hoc analysis should be interpreted with caution since the overall results of the CORONA study did not show a significant effect on the primary endpoint.
Field evaluations of insecticide treatment regimens for control of the common bed bug, <i>Cimex lectularius</i> (L.) (2008)

Although both treatment regimens reduced bedbug numbers, the fact that bedbugs were not eliminated after multiple applications suggests that the insecticides, applied at the current label rates, were inadequate. These results suggest that a more integrated approach to bedbug control is necessary in multi-unit housing situations.
Ventricular defibrillation with myocardial electrodes in the dog, calf, pony, and pig. (1980)

The defibrillation effectiveness of 4-msec rectangular wave shocks was evaluated using myocardial electrodes with 25-kg dogs and (nominally) 100-kg calves, ponies, and pigs as part of an evaluation of the suitability of these animals as models for automatic implanted defibrillator research. The percent success of defibrillation attempts in dogs ranged from 44% with 4-A, 6-J shocks to 93% with 8-A, 16-J shocks. The success achieved in calves with scaled electrodes was uniformly lower and reached a maximum of 28% with 23-A, 107-J shocks. Pigs defibrillated with scaled electrodes at a success level (43%) more comparable to dogs (54%) at the 12-A, 25-J level. Using larger electrodes in calves, only 63% success was attained with 25-A, 52-J shocks; lower (14-A, 22-J) and higher (35-A, 100-J; 47-A, 176-J) shocks were less than 30% effective. Ponies were refractory to defibrillation at up to the 25-A, 100-J level with the large electrodes; with 21-A, 43-J shocks only 42% success in pigs was achieved. In general, there were marked differences between the responses of dogs and calves that are inconsistent with the closed-chest defibrillation behavior of both animals. Failure to achieve reliable and highly successful defibrillation in the larger animals may indicate their possible unsuitability as models in implanted defibrillator research.
Effectiveness of various Pseudomonas spp. and Burkholderia caryophylli containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). (2007)

This study assessed the possible role of different traits in selected plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for improving wheat growth and yield under natural conditions. Rhizobacteria exhibiting 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-deaminase activity were isolated and screened for their growth-promoting activity in wheat under axenic conditions. Five isolates belonging to Pseudomonas and one Burkholderia caryophylli isolate that showed promising performances under axenic conditions were selected and characterized for in vitro ACC-deaminase activity, chitinase activity, auxin production, P solubilization, and root colonization. These isolates were then used as inocula for wheat cultivated under natural conditions in pot and/or field trials. Significant increases in root elongation, root weight, tillers per pot, 1,000-grain weight, and grain and straw yields were observed in response to inoculation with PGPR in the pot trials. Inoculation with these PGPR was also effective under field conditions and increased the wheat growth and yield significantly. However, the efficacy of the strains was inconsistent under the axenic, pot, and field conditions. Pseudomonasfluorescens (ACC50), which exhibited a relatively high in vitro ACC-deaminase activity, chitinase activity, auxin production, and P solubilization and more intensive root colonization, was the most efficient isolate under the field conditions. Therefore, these results demonstrated that ACC-deaminase activity is an efficient parameter for the selection of promising PGPR under axenic conditions. However, additional traits of PGPR, including auxin production, chitinase activity, P solubilization, and root colonization, are also important for selecting PGPR as biofertilizers.
Body position, electrode level, and respiration effects on the Frank lead electrocardiogram. (1976)

Frank lead ECG/VCG changes with deep inspiration, expiration, and body position were investigated in 194 patients, 100 with an old myocardial infarction and the remaining 94 chosen as a representative sample of catheterization laboratory patients with a variety of cardiac conditions. In a subgroup of 144 of the patients, Frank lead records were made both at the fifth and the fourth intercostal space. Diagnostic interpretation was performed using the VA-Pipberger ECG Program. The results indicate that, in general, body position and electrode level influence on mean intervals and orientation angles is negligible. There was a highly significant decrease in the R and Q wave amplitudes in leads X and Z and in the maximum spatial magnitude of QRS when electrodes were shifted from the fifth to the fourth interspace. The most pronounced decrease in ECG/VCG amplitudes took place in deep inspiration while mean orientation angles changed little, with the exception of QRS elevation. However, while mean changes with body position and electrode level were rather small, substantial orientation and magnitude changes took place in many patients. Diagnostic interpretation of the records changed in 12.5% with electrode level change, in 11.9% with the transition of body position, and in 16.8% with deep inspiration. Strict standardization of electrode positions and recording procedure is suggested, particularly when serial comparison of Frank lead records is planned.
IL-18 induction of osteopontin mediates cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in mice (2009)

Osteopontin (OPN), a key component of the extracellular matrix, is associated with the fibrotic process during tissue remodeling. OPN and the cytokine interleukin (IL)-18 have been shown to be overexpressed in an array of human cardiac pathologies. In the present study, we determined the role of IL-18 in the regulation of cardiac OPN expression and the subsequent interstitial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. We demonstrated parallel increases in IL-18, OPN expression, and interstitial fibrosis in murine models of left ventricular pressure and volume overload. Exogenous recombinant (r)IL-18 administered for 2 wk increased cardiac OPN expression, interstitial fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction. Stimulation of the T helper (Th)1 lymphocyte phenotype with a selective toll-like receptor (TLR)9 agonist induced cardiac IL-18 and OPN expression, which was associated with increased cardiac fibrillar collagen concentrations and interstitial fibrosis resulting in diastolic dysfunction. rIL-18 induced OPN expression and protein levels in primary of cardiac fibroblast cultures. Conditioned media from TLR9-stimulated T lymphocyte cultures induced IL-18 and OPN expression in cardiac fibroblasts, while blockade of the IL-18 receptor with a neutralizing antibody abolished the increase in OPN expression. Furthermore, a mutation in the transcriptional factor interferon regulatory factor (IRF)1 or IRF1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in the decreased expression of IL-18 and OPN in cardiac fibroblasts. With pressure overload, IRF1-mutant mice showed downregulation of IL-18 and OPN expression in cardiac tissue, reduced cardiac fibrotic development, and increased left ventricular function compared with wild type. These results provide direct evidence that the induction of IL-18 regulates OPN-mediated cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction.
Detection of the sites of alkylation in DNA and polynucleotides by laser Raman spectroscopy (1976)

A laser Raman study of the alkylation of calf thymus DNA, poly(dG)-poly(dC) and poly(dA)-(dT) has been made using two water soluble alkylating agents: an antitumor drug, the difunctional methyl nitrogen mustard (HN2), which froms interstrand cross-links, and the dimethyl nitrogen half mustard (HN1). When an excess of the alkylating agent was used, the observed Raman frequencies due to the guanine ring modes in DNA and poly(dG)-poly(dC) changed virtually quantitatively to those of 7-methylguanosine (7-Me-Guo) showing that essentially all of the guanine bases were alkylated in the N-7 position. Furthermore, this alkylated DNA formed a stable double helical complex at neutral pH in which the alkylated guanine residues are in the keto form. No changes in the Raman bands of any of the other bases were observed in alkylated DNA. The DNA double helix, completely alkylated in at the N-7 position of guanine, melts about 35 degrees C below that of the native DNA. Upon melting, the alkylated guanine changes from the keto to the zwitterionic form.
33.4: Smooth‐Frame‐Insertion Method for Reducing Motion Blur on OLED Panel (2008)

Abstract As a kind of hold‐type display, OLED panel also suffers from motion blur problem. A smooth frame insertion (SFI) method is proposed to reduce the motion blur on OLED panel. SFI method doubles frame rate by decomposing each original frame into a smooth frame and a compensation frame. The smooth frame is calculated by some low‐pass filter. By SFI, hold‐type display is converted to impulse‐like display and motion blur is reduced significantly without luminance lost and obvious flicker.
An approach to increase the performance of motion estimation algorithms implemented in hardware (2006)

Internally to a video coder, the motion estimation module is the computational block which most demands processing power. One of the components that increase significantly the motion estimation computational cost is the block matching mechanism that consists in searching for similar macroblocks in comparation among the current macroblock and others reference image macroblocks. This article presents a new approach of SAD (Sum of Absolute Differences) calculation, which increases the performance of the macroblock comparison. As result of this new approach we can observe the high performance to calculate the image motion vectors, allowing real time encoding of high definition videos, which is hard to get with nowadays approaches. The cost of this performance increasing is a small loss of video quality, lower than a quarter of one dB (PSNR).Internamente a um codificador de video, o modulo de estimativa de movimento e o bloco computacional que mais demanda processamento. Um dos componentes que aumenta significativamente o custo computacional deste modulo e o mecanismo de comparacao de afinidade de blocos de pixels (block matching) que consiste no metodo de busca por macroblocos semelhantes tomando-se o macrobloco atual e outros da imagem de referencia. Este artigo apresenta uma nova abordagem de c´lculo de SAD (Sum of Absolute Differences), que aumenta consideravelmente o desempenho da comparacao de macroblocos. A consequencia dessa abordagem e a grande rapidez para calcular os vetores de movimento de um determinado video, permitindo a codificacao em tempo real de videos de alta resolucao, o que e uma dificuldade presente em abordagens convencionais. O custo desse aumento de desempenho e uma pequena perda de qualidade do video, na ordem de alguns decimos de dB (PSNR).
Driving with Sharks: Rethinking Connected Vehicles with Vehicle Cybersecurity (2017)

In a public service announcement on 17 March 2016, the Federal Bureau of Investigation jointly with the U.S. Department of Transportation and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) released a warning regarding the increasing vulnerability of motor vehicles to remote exploits [18]. Engine shutdowns, disabled brakes, and locked doors are a few examples of possible vehicle cybersecurity attacks. Modern cars grow into a new target for cyberattacks as they become increasingly connected. While driving on the road, sharks (i.e., hackers) need only to be within communication range of a vehicle to attack it. However, in some cases, they can hack into it while they are miles away. In this article, we aim to illuminate the latest vehicle cybersecurity threats including malware attacks, on-board diagnostic (OBD) vulnerabilities, and automobile apps threats. We illustrate the in-vehicle network architecture and demonstrate the latest defending mechanisms designed to mitigate such threats.
Comparative susceptibilities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 1-oxacephalosporin (LY 127935) and eight other antipseudomonal antimicrobial agents (old and new) (1980)

In vitro susceptibilities of 53 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to nine antipseudomonal antibiotics were determined. From 96 to 100% of the isolates were susceptible to piperacillin, ticarcillin, and 1-oxacephalosporin (LY 127935). Of the aminoglycosides, 89, 82, 79, and 29% were susceptible to amikacin, tobramycin, gentamicin, and netilmicin, respectively. A total of 96% and 78% of the isolates were susceptible to 1-oxacephalosporin (LY127935) and cefotaxime, respectively, at concentrations of 62.5 micrograms/l. Supplementation of testing media by calcium and magnesium not only markedly increased the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the aminoglycosides, but also raised those of cefotaxime and the penicillins; no significant effect was noted with 1-oxace-phalosporin. Synergy was not demonstrated consistently in vitro with 1-oxace-phalosporin combined with either carbenicillin, ticarcillin, gentamicin, or tobramycin.
Phosphorylation and nuclear localization of the varicella-zoster virus gene 63 protein (1996)

The protein encoded by varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 63 and carboxy-terminal deletions of the same were expressed either as fusion proteins at the carboxy terminus of the maltose-binding protein in Escherichia coli or independently in transfected mammalian cells. The truncations contained amino acids 1 to 142 (63 delta N) or 1 to 210 (63 delta K) of the complete 278-amino-acid primary sequence. Recombinant casein kinase II phosphorylated the 63F and 63 delta KF fusion proteins in vitro but did not phosphorylate the 63 delta NF fusion protein, implying that phosphorylation occurred between amino acids 142 and 210. Immunoprecipitation of 35S- or 32P-labelled extracts of cells transfected with plasmids expressing 63, 63 delta N, or 63 delta K also indicated that in situ phosphorylation most likely occurred between amino acids 142 and 210. These combined results suggest that casein kinase II plays a significant role in the phosphorylation of the varicella-zoster virus 63 protein. Indirect immunofluorescence of transfected cells indicated nuclear localization of the 63 protein and cytoplasmic localization of 63 delta K and 63 delta N, implying a requirement for sequences between amino acids 210 and 278 for efficient nuclear localization.
Lesion Formation in Radiofrequency Surgery of the Tongue Base (2003)

The application of 600 J at 85 degrees C leads to optimal lesion sizes. Higher amounts of energy will not lead to a relevant increase in tissue necrosis. With regard to the time needed for application, 600 J appears to be the ideal adjustment for energy delivery in the treatment of the human tongue.
Entropy production fluctuation theorem and the nonequilibrium work relation for free energy differences (1999)

There are only a very few known relations in statistical dynamics that are valid for systems driven arbitrarily far-from-equilibrium. One of these is the fluctuation theorem, which places conditions on the entropy production probability distribution of nonequilibrium systems. Another recently discovered far from equilibrium expression relates nonequilibrium measurements of the work done on a system to equilibrium free energy differences. In this paper, we derive a generalized version of the fluctuation theorem for stochastic, microscopically reversible dynamics. Invoking this generalized theorem provides a succinct proof of the nonequilibrium work relation.
Using X-ray-computed Tomography to Nondestructively Determine Maturity of Green Tomatoes (1991)

Cross-sectional X-ray-computed tomography (X-ray CT) images through the equator of tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv . Sunny) ranging in maturity from immature (Ml) to advanced mature green (M4) revealed localized differences in X-ray absorption related to the formation of locular gel during maturation of the fruit. While maturity stage was poorly correlated with average X-ray absorbance and standard deviation or with average fruit density and water content, significant relationships' existed between maturity stage “and the number of image pixels with absorbance values >10 (Ml vs. M2 vs. M3) or 20 (M3 vs. M4) Hounsfield units. Using discriminant analysis, a relationship was developed that correctly identified the maturity class of 77% of the fruit and placed 96% of the tomatoes into the correct or an adjacent class.
Mitf-Mdel, a novel melanocyte/melanoma-specific isoform of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-M, as a candidate biomarker for melanoma (2010)

MITF-Mdel, a novel melanocyte/melanoma-specific isoform of MITF-M, may serve as a potential candidate biomarker for diagnostic and follow-up purposes in melanoma.
A taste of TGFβ in Tuscany (2012)

The recent FASEB Summer Research Conference entitled 'The TGFβ Superfamily: Signaling in Development and Disease' was held in August, 2011 in the spectacular setting of Il Ciocco, Lucca, amidst the olive trees in Tuscany, Italy. The organizers assembled an amazing forum, which included 53 speakers and 67 poster presentations from laboratories around the world, to showcase recent advances made in our understanding of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling pathway.
Forebrain Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub>Receptors Contribute to l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine-Induced Dyskinesia in Hemiparkinsonian Mice (2006)

Adenosine A 2A receptor antagonists provide a promising nondopaminergic approach to the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Initial clinical trials of A 2A antagonists targeted PD patients who had already developed treatment complications known as l -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ( l -DOPA)-induced dyskinesia (LID) in an effort to improve symptoms while reducing existing LID. The goal of this study is to explore the effect of A 2A antagonists and targeted A 2A receptor depletion on the actual development of sensitized responses to l -DOPA in mouse models of LID in PD. Hemiparkinsonian mice (unilaterally lesioned with 6-OHDA) were treated daily for 3 weeks with a low dose of l -DOPA (2 mg/kg) preceded by a low dose of selective A 2A antagonist (KW-6002 [( E )-1,3-diethyl-8-(3,4-dimethoxystyryl)-7-methyl-3,7-dihydro-1 H -purine-2,6-dione] at 0.03 or 0.3 mg/kg, or SCH58261 [5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo[4,3- e ]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5- c ]pyrimidine] at 0.03 mg/kg) or vehicle intraperitoneally. In control mice, contralateral rotational responses to daily l -DOPA gradually increased over the initial week before reaching a persistent maximum. Both A 2A antagonists inhibited the development of sensitized contralateral turning, with KW-6002 pretreatment reducing the sensitized rotational responses by up to threefold. The development of abnormal involuntary movements (a measure of LID) as well as rotational responses was attenuated by the postnatal depletion of forebrain A 2A receptors in conditional (Cre/ loxP system) knock-out mice. These pharmacological and genetic data provide evidence that striatal A 2A receptors play an important role in the neuroplasticity underlying behavioral sensitization to l -DOPA, supporting consideration of early adjunctive therapy with an A 2A antagonist to reduce the risk of LID in PD.
CDK4/6 inhibitors have potent activity in combination with pathway selective therapeutic agents in models of pancreatic cancer (2014)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has a poor prognosis, in part, due to the therapy-recalcitrant nature of the disease. Loss of the CDK4/6 inhibitor CDKN2A is a signature genetic event in PDA. Therefore, PDA may be amenable to treatment with pharmaceutical CDK4/6 inhibitors. Surprisingly, response to CDK4/6 inhibition was highly variable in PDA models, and associated with differential suppression of gene expression. Mitotic genes were repressed and FOXM1 was uniformly attenuated; however, genes involved in DNA replication were uniquely suppressed in sensitive models. Aberrant induction of Cyclin E1 was associated with resistance, and knockdown demonstrated synergistic suppression of the cell cycle with CDK4/6 inhibition. Combination therapies are likely required for the effective treatment of disease, and drug screening demonstrated additive/antagonistic interactions with CDK4/6 inhibitors. Agents dependent on mitotic progression (taxanes/PLK1 inhibitors) were antagonized by CDK4/6 inhibition, while the response to 5-FU and gemcitabine exhibited drug specific interactions. PI3K/MTOR and MEK inhibitors potently cooperated with CDK4/6 inhibition. These agents were synergistic with CDK4/6 inhibition, blocked the aberrant upregulation of Cyclin E1, and yielded potent inhibition of tumor cell growth. Together, these data identify novel mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitions and provide a roadmap for combination therapies in the treatment of PDA.