gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of a Mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana Resistant to  -Methyltryptophan (1992)

Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana have been selected for resistance to growth inhibition at the seedling stage by alpha-methyltryptophan (aMT). One mutant, amt-1 has been characterized in detail. The appearance and growth rate of the mutant in the absence of the inhibitor are similar to wild type, both as plants and callus. However, mutant plant growth is unaffected by 25 micromolar aMT and mutant callus growth by 50 micromolar aMT, concentrations that completely inhibit the growth of wild-type plants and callus, respectively. Tryptophan levels in mutant and wild-type plants are 24.3 +/- 2.7 and 4.7 +/- 1.2 micrograms per gram fresh weight, respectively, and in the corresponding callus 64.0 +/- 2.6 and 31.8 +/- 8.4 micrograms per gram fresh weight, respectively. Anthranilate synthase (AS) activity levels in crude extracts from whole plants are 3.09 +/- 0.54 nanomoles per milligram protein per hour in amt-1 and 1.32 +/- 0.21 nanomoles per milligram protein per hour in wild-type plants. In crude extracts from callus, anthranilate synthase levels are 11.54 +/- 2.05 nanomoles per milligram protein per hour and 7.74 +/- 1.58 in amt-1 and wild type, respectively. Enzyme extracts are inhibited by l-tryptophan; the concentrations required for 50% inhibition (I(50)) are 3.9 and 1.9 micromolar for amt-1 and for wild type, respectively. The mutation segregates as a single nuclear allele and shows incomplete dominance. The concomitant increases in both AS activity and its I(50) for tryptophan suggest that the mutation amt-1 either resides in one of the AS structural genes or causes increased expression of an AS isoform with an I(50) greater than the average for the entire extract.
Hyperhemolysis during the evolution of uncomplicated acute painful episodes in patients with sickle cell anemia (2005)

Together, the data indicate that hyperhemolysis occurs during uncomplicated acute painful episodes in some patients with SS. The presence of free plasma Hb, consequent to hyperhemolysis, reduces nitric oxide bioavailability, promotes endothelial dysfunction, and contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension and vasoocclusion.
Pony: co-designing a type system and a runtime (2017)

We have developed a new programming language, called Pony, that allows the user to easily write fast, safe, parallel programs. The focus of this work is using a powerful and novel static type system to guarantee properties of a program in order to eliminate many runtime checks. This includes eliminating all forms of locking, as well as enabling a novel fully concurrent garbage collection protocol for both objects and actors that has no stop-the-world step, while also having no read or write barriers. Essentially, the type system is used to enable not just safer computation but faster computation. The core type system feature that enables this is reference capabilities. These are a system of type annotations that guarantee data-race freedom even in the presence of asynchronous messages that can contain mutable data. Reference capabilities show that concepts such as isolation and immutability can be derived rather than being treated as fundamental. Properties of the type system and operational semantics, such as atomic behaviours and data-race freedom are leveraged to allow actors themselves to be garbage collected when it can be proved they will never again have messages in their queue. Message-based Actor Collection (MAC) achieves this using only message passing, without the need for any other form of thread synchronisation or coordination, using a system of deferred, distributed, weighted reference counting in which reference counts do not re ect the number of reachable paths in a heap. This requires a cycle detection actor to be able to collect isolated cyclic graphs of actors. To do this with no stop-the-world step, a novel and inexpensive CNF-ACK protocol is used to determine that the cycle detector's view of the actor topology was the true actor topology when the cycle was detected. Guaranteeing data-race freedom allows the language to use a novel fully concurrent garbage collection protocol. This protocol allows each actor to collect its own heap independently and concurrently, while still allowing objects to be sent by reference in asynchronous messages (zero-copy message passing). This is achieved using Ownership and Reference Counting for Actors (ORCA), a protocol derived from MAC that allows passive objects shared across actor-local heaps to be garbage collected with no stop-the-world step. Guaranteeing data-race freedom allows the language to use a novel fully concurrent garbage collection protocol. This protocol allows each actor to collect its own heap independently and concurrently, while still allowing objects to be sent by reference in asynchronous messages (zero-copy message passing). This is achieved using Ownership and Reference Counting for Actors (ORCA), a protocol derived from MAC that allows passive objects shared across actor- local heaps to be garbage collected with no stop-the-world step. To validate these ideas, we have written a complete runtime (including a work-stealing scheduler, garbage collector, memory allocator, message queuing, asynchronous I/O, and more) and an ahead-of-time optimising compiler. The language is open source.
A Conjugate Gradient-Neural Network Technique for Ultrasound Inverse Imaging (2002)

In this paper, a new technique for solving the two-dimensional inverse scattering problem for ultrasound inverse imaging is presented. Reconstruction of a two-dimensional object is accomplished using an iterative algorithm which combines the conjugate gradient (CG) method and a neural network (NN) approach. The neural network technique is used to exploit knowledge of the statistical characteristics of the object to enhance the performance of the conjugate gradient method. The results for simulations show that the CGNN algorithm is more accurate than the CG method and, in addition, convergence occurs more rapidly. For the CGNN algorithm, approximately 50% fewer iterations are needed to obtain the inverse solution for a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 50 dB. For a smaller SNR of 35 dB, the CGNN method is not as accurate, but it still gives reasonable results.
NARX models of an industrial power plant gas turbine (2005)

This brief reports the experience with the identification of a nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) model for the PGT10B1 power plant gas turbine manufactured by General Electric-Nuovo Pignone. Two operating conditions of the turbine are considered: isolated mode and nonisolated mode. The NARX model parameters are estimated iteratively with a Gram-Schmidt procedure, exploiting both forward and stepwise regression. Many indexes have been evaluated and compared in order to perform subset selection in the functional basis set and determine the structure of the nonlinear model. Various input signals (from narrow to broadband) for identification and validation have been considered.
The OGF-OGFr axis utilizes the p21 pathway to restrict progression of human pancreatic cancer (2008)

These data are the first to reveal that the target of cell proliferative inhibitory action of OGF in human pancreatic cancer is a p21 CKI pathway, expanding strategies for diagnosis and treatment of these neoplasias.
The Application of BP Neural Network to Bed Temperature Control System of CFB Boiler (2009)

The combustion in circulated fluidized-bed (CFB) boiler is a complex and multi-variables coupling process. It is too difficult to build an exact mathematic model to describe the process. Bed temperature control system is an important subsystem of burning system, maintaining normal bed temperature is the key for stable running of boiler, and it is difficult for the norm PID algorithm to control it. According to these, we use the bed temperature control system based BP neural network in DCS. The practice shows that it can improve the stability of bed temperature control system with the application of BP neural network.
The Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element and Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette<i>mec</i>Linkage: Convergence of Virulence and Resistance in the USA300 Clone of Methicillin‐Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2008)

The epidemic character of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, especially the geographically widespread clone USA300, is poorly understood. USA300 isolates carry a type IV staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) element conferring beta-lactam antibiotic class resistance and a putative pathogenicity island, arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME). Physical linkage between SCCmec and ACME suggests that selection for antibiotic resistance and for pathogenicity may be interconnected. We constructed isogenic mutants containing deletions of SCCmec and ACME in a USA300 clinical isolate to determine the role played by these elements in a rabbit model of bacteremia. We found that deletion of type IV SCCmec did not affect competitive fitness, whereas deletion of ACME significantly attenuated the pathogenicity or fitness of USA300. These data are consistent with a model in which ACME enhances growth and survival of USA300, allowing for genetic "hitchhiking" of SCCmec. SCCmec in turn protects against exposure to beta-lactams.
Caspases as key executors of methyl selenium-induced apoptosis (anoikis) of DU-145 prostate cancer cells. (2001)

Apoptosis induction may be a mechanism mediating the anticancer activity of selenium. Our earlier work indicated that distinct cell death pathways are likely involved in apoptosis induced by the CH3SeH and the hydrogen selenide pools of selenium metabolites. To explore the role of caspases in cancer cell apoptosis induced by selenium, we examined the involvement of these molecules in the death of the DU-145 human prostate carcinoma cells induced by methylseleninic acid (MSeA), a novel penultimate precursor of the putative critical anticancer metabolite CH3SeH. Sodium selenite, a representative of the genotoxic selenium pool, was used as a reference for comparison. The results show that MSeA-induced apoptosis was accompanied by the activation of multiple caspases (caspase-3, -7, -8, and -9), mitochondrial release of cytochrome c (CC), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and DNA fragmentation. In contrast, selenite-induced apoptotic DNA fragmentation was observed in the absence of these changes, but was associated with the phosphorylation of c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/stress-activated protein kinase 2. A general caspase inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-(OMe) fluoromethyl ketone, blocked MSeA-induced cleavage of procaspases and PARP, CC release, and DNA nucleosomal fragmentation, but did not prevent cell detachment. Furthermore, PARP cleavage and caspase activation were confined exclusively to detached cells, indicating that MSeA induction of cell detachment was a prerequisite for caspase activation and apoptosis execution. This process therefore resembled "anoikis," a special mode of apoptosis induction in which adherent cells lose contact with the extracellular matrix. Additional experiments with irreversible caspase inhibitors show that MSeA-induced anoikis involved caspase-3- and -7-mediated PARP cleavage that was initiated by caspase-8 and probably amplified through CC-caspase-9 activation and a feedback activation loop from caspase-3. Taken together, the data support a methyl selenium-specific induction of DU-145 cell apoptosis that involves cell detachment as a prerequisite (anoikis) and is executed principally through caspase-8 activation and its cross-talk with multiple caspases.
On the Scalar Rational Interpolation Problem (1986)

The rational interpolation problem in the scalar case, including multiple points, is solved. In particular a parametrization of all minimal-degree rational functions interpolating given pairs of points is derived. These considerations provide a generalization of the results on the partial realization of linear systems.
Polymer‐Modified Mesoporous Silica Thin Films for Redox‐Mediated Selective Membrane Gating (2013)

Controlling structure and function to switch ionic transport through synthetic membranes is a major challenge in the fabrication of functional nanodevices. Here we describe the combination of mesoporous silica thin films as structural unit, functionalized with two different redox‐responsive ferrocene‐containing polymers, polyvinylferrocene (PVFc) and poly(2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl ferrocenecarboxylate) (PFcMA), by using either a grafting to, or a grafting from approach. Both mesoporous film functionalization strategies are investigated in terms of polymer effect on ionic permselectivity. A significantly different ionic permselective behavior can be observed. This is attributed to different polymer location within the mesoporous film, depending on the functionalization strategies used. Additionally, the influence of chemical oxidation on the ionic permselective behavior is studied by cyclic voltammetry showing a redox‐controlled membrane gating as function of polymer location and the pH value. This study is a first step of combining redox‐responsive ferrocene‐containing polymers and mesoporous membranes, and thus towards redox‐controlled ionic transport through nanopores.
The Value of International Standardisation of Basic Computer Literacy and Online Testing (2006)

There are three main objectives of the paper: 
•To review the quantifiable benefits of improving basic computer literacy to the mass of the population within the ASEAN region. Evidence will be given from the experience of the ICDL qualification in over 150 countries. 
•To review the learning points from language and culture, translation of training and testing. 
•To review the accuracy of assessment from different types of questions/ assessments in an online test.
A novel deep learning based method for retinal lesion detection (2017)

Diabetic retinopathy has become one of the most severe complications associated with diabetic retinopathy. Early detection can go a long way to prevent total blindness in the patient. Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by lesions of which exudates and hemorrhages appear prominently. We utilize a region based CNN approach to automatically mark the exudates and hemorrhages in a fundus image. The approach extracts the characteristic region proposals characterizing the disease and successfully mark the lesions with a recall of 90%. We also examine the effects of various color based and affine transform based techniques on the image and obtain a significant improvement in the detection across various sizes and shapes of lesions. We have extensively tested our algorithm both on public databases as well as images captured using the Bosch handheld camera.
Influenza Morbidity and Mortality in Elderly Patients Receiving Statins: A Cohort Study (2009)

Statin use is associated with a statistically significant but minimal protective effect against influenza morbidity that can easily be attributed to residual confounding. Public health officials and clinicians should focus on other measures to reduce morbidity and mortality from the next influenza pandemic.
Dynamic technology strategies for high-tech commodity products : a case study of personal copiers (1996)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1996.
Non-replicating oral whole cell vaccine protective against enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>(ETEC) diarrhea: Stimulation of anti-CFA (CFA/I) and anti-enterotoxin (anti-LT) intestinal IgA and protection against challenge with ETEC belonging to heterologous serotypes (1988)

An oral killed (non-replicating) whole-cell anti-ETEC vaccine was prepared by treating enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain H-10407 (ST + LT +; 078: H11: CFA/I) with a 100%-lethal amount of colicin E2. Colicin E2 is a potent DNA endonuclease which enters the target bacterial cells without disrupting cellular integrity. Thus the vaccine consists of intact cells lacking chromosomal and plasmid DNA but possessing a normal complement of antigens, including CFA/I and enterotoxin(s), unaltered by chemical- or heat-treatment. Young healthy volunteers were administered two oral doses, one month apart, of approximately 3 x 10(10) vaccine cells. Of 22 vaccinees, 17 (77.3%) showed an intestinal anti-CFA/I IgA response and 19 (86.4%) showed an increase in intestinal anti-LT IgA. Twenty of 22 (90.9%) vaccinees had antibody responses to either CFA/I, LT, or both antigens, demonstrating that colicin E2-treated CFA-positive E. coli cells are an efficient vehicle in terms of delivery of antigens to the gut immune system. We previously demonstrated protection of vaccinees against challenge with the living homologous ETEC (strain H-10407). In this study, two groups of 8 vaccinees were challenged with a diarrheagenic dose of virulent ST + LT + ETEC of heterologous serotype; one group was challenged with a CFA/I-positive 063: H- strain and the other group was challenged with a CFA/II-positive 06: H16 strain. Approximately 75% efficacy was achieved in both challenge groups. None of the 16 vaccinees who had responded to both CFA/I and LT became ill upon challenge while both of the vaccinees who had not responded to either antigen did.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Classification of fuzzy data based on the support vector machines (2012)

Abstract Data may be afflicted with uncertainty. Uncertain data may be shown by an interval value or in general by a fuzzy set. A number of classification methods have considered uncertainty in features of samples. Some of these classification methods are extended version of the support vector machines ( SVM s), such as the Interval‐ SVM ( ISVM ), Holder‐ ISVM and Distance‐ ISVM , which are used to obtain a classifier for separating samples whose features are interval values. In this paper, we extend the SVM for robust classification of linear/non‐linear separable data whose features are fuzzy numbers. The support of such training data is shown by a hypercube. Our proposed method tries to obtain a hyperplane (in the input space or in a high‐dimensional feature space) such that the nearest point of the hypercube of each training sample to the hyperplane is separated with the widest symmetric margin. This strategy can reduce the misclassification probability of our proposed method. Our experimental results on six real data sets show that the classification rate of our novel method is better than or equal to the classification rate of the well‐known SVM , ISVM , Holder‐ ISVM and Distance‐ ISVM for all of these data sets.
A Review on Real-Time 3D Ultrasound Imaging Technology (2017)

Real-time three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) has attracted much more attention in medical researches because it provides interactive feedback to help clinicians acquire high-quality images as well as timely spatial information of the scanned area and hence is necessary in intraoperative ultrasound examinations. Plenty of publications have been declared to complete the real-time or near real-time visualization of 3D ultrasound using volumetric probes or the routinely used two-dimensional (2D) probes. So far, a review on how to design an interactive system with appropriate processing algorithms remains missing, resulting in the lack of systematic understanding of the relevant technology. In this article, previous and the latest work on designing a real-time or near real-time 3D ultrasound imaging system are reviewed. Specifically, the data acquisition techniques, reconstruction algorithms, volume rendering methods, and clinical applications are presented. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of state-of-the-art approaches are discussed in detail.
Checkpoint inhibitors in endometrial cancer: preclinical rationale and clinical activity (2017)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are an attractive option in POLE-ultra-mutated and MSI-H ECs. Future investigations in these subgroups include combinations of checkpoints inhibitors with chemotherapy and small tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to enhance a more robust intra-tumoral immune response.
Prominent role of liver in elevated plasma palmitoleate levels in response to rosiglitazone in mice fed high-fat diet. (2009)

changes in plasma lipid profile favouring monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly palmitoleate, due to the upregulation of Scd1 and enhancement of SCD1 activity in the liver, could be involved in the insulin-sensitizing effects of TZDs.
Automating the initial physics chart‐checking process (2009)

The initial physics chart check, an essential quality assurance process, verifies that the physician intent is properly expressed in the treatment plan, the treatment plan is reasonable, and the Record and Verify (RV) system properly captures the plan parameters. In this work the process was automated by characterizing the initial physics chart check as a universal set of steps, compartmentalized into intra-plan and inter-plan reviews. The intra-plan review confirms the diagnosis-prescription-plan correlation, and verifies transfer accuracy of the signed treatment plan parameters into the RV system. The inter-plan review tabulates all RV parameters for similar cases, and highlights outliers. The tabulation of RV parameters for similar cases enables a summation of experience across staff members, and facilitates a comparison using the Statistical Process Control (SPC) formalism. A summary sheet, added to each reviewed chart, automatically documents deviations noted during the review process. Forty-five patient charts were analyzed using the software. The length of time for the entire initial chart-checking process was reduced from about an hour to a few minutes. The code developed in this work allows the user to consider the big picture, trusting the software to track details.
Increased net water loss by oral compared to nasal expiration in healthy subjects. (2006)

This study showed that the net water loss increased by 42% when the breathing mode was switched from nasal to oral expiration during tidal breathing in healthy subjects. Increased water and energy loss by oral breathing could be a contributing factor to the symptoms seen in patients suffering from nasal obstruction.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 Diarrhea in a Nursing Home: Clinical, Epidemiological, and Pathological Findings (1986)

In September 1984, an outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection occurred in a nursing home. It was the first recognized outbreak of this organism in the United States since 1982, when two outbreaks led to its recognition as a pathogen. Thirty-four of 101 residents developed a diarrheal illness; 14 were hospitalized with a severe illness characterized by crampy abdominal pain, marked abdominal distention, and grossly bloody diarrhea, and four died. The spectrum of illness associated with the infection was broad and included the following: asymptomatic infection, nonbloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and death. Clinical, radiographic, and postmortem pathological findings suggested involvement of the cecum and right colon. No evidence of response to antimicrobial agents could be documented, and antidiarrheal agents may have aggravated the disease. This investigation implicated hamburger as the vehicle transmission. Seventeen of 19 residents with hemorrhagic colitis, but only 28 of 67 healthy residents, had eaten hamburger on 13 September (P less than .001, Fisher's two-tailed exact test; relative risk [RR] = 7.7). Infection with E. coli O157:H7 can cause a wide range of manifestations. In the elderly these can be particularly severe and may resemble ischemic colitis.