gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemosensitivity prediction in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Novel marker genes and efficacy-prediction formulae using their expression data (2006)

Esophageal cancer is a highly lethal disease and the optimal therapy remains unclear. Since adjuvant chemotherapy gives a better chance of survival, we attempted to develop a chemosensitivity prediction model to improve individual responses to therapy. Comprehensive gene expression analyses (cDNA and oligonucleotide microarrays) and MTT assay of 8 drugs in 20 KYSE squamous cell carcinoma cell lines were performed to distinguish candidate marker genes whose expression levels reproducibly correlated with cellular drug sensitivities. After confirmation with real-time RT-PCR, we performed multiple regression analyses to develop drug-sensitivity prediction formulae using the quantified expression data of selected marker genes. Using the same sets of genes, we also constructed prediction models for individual clinical responses to 5-FU-based chemotherapy using 18 cases. We selected 5 better marker genes, known as drug sensitivity determinants, identified 9 novel predictive genes for 4 of 8 anticancer drugs [5-FU, CDDP, DOX, and CPT-11 (SN-38)], and developed highly predictive formulae of in vitro sensitivities to the 4 drugs and clinical responses to 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapies in terms of overall and disease-free survivals. Our selected genes are likely to be effective drug-sensitivity markers and formulae using the 9 novel genes would provide advantages in prediction.
Rule Extraction: From Neural Architecture to Symbolic Representation (1995)

Abstract This paper shows how knowledge, in the form of fuzzy rules, can be derived from a supervised learning neural network called fuzzy ARTMAP. Rule extraction proceeds in two stages: pruning, which simplifies the network structure by removing excessive recognition categories and weights; and quantization of continuous learned weights, which allows the final system state to be translated into a usable set of descriptive rules. Three benchmark studies illustrate the rule extraction methods: (1) Pima Indian diabetes diagnosis, (2) mushroom classification and (3) DNA promoter recognition. Fuzzy ARTMAP and ART-EMAP are compared with the ADAP algorithm, the k nearest neighbor system, the back-propagation network and the C4.5 decision tree. The ARTMAP rule extraction procedure is also compared with the Knowledgetron and NOFM algorithms, which extract rules from back-propagation networks. Simulation results consistently indicate that ARTMAP rule extraction produces compact sets of comprehensible rules for which accuracy and complexity compare favorably to rules extracted by alternative algorithms. KEYWORDS: Fuzzy ARTMAPruleconfidence factorpruning. Additional informationNotes on contributorsGAIL A. CARPENTER E-mail: gail@cns.bu.edu and ahhwee@iss.nus.sg. AH-HWEE TAN E-mail: gail@cns.bu.edu and ahhwee@iss.nus.sg.
Mechanical properties of electroactive polymer microactuators with ion-implanted electrodes (2007)

We report on the use of the bulge test method to characterize the mechanical properties of miniaturized buckling-mode dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA). Our actuator consists of a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane bonded to a silicon chip with through holes. Compliant electrodes are fabricated on both sides of the membrane by metal ion implantation. The membrane buckles when a critical voltage is applied to the electrodes. The maximum displacements as well as the efficiency of such actuators strongly depend on the mechanical parameters of the combined electrode-elastomer-electrode layer, mainly effective Young's modulus E and residual stress &sgr;. We report measured E and &sgr; obtained from bulge tests on PDMS membranes for two PDMS brands and for several different curing methods, which allows tuning the residual stress by controlling the rate of solvent evaporation. Bulge test measurements were then used to study the change in membranes' mechanical properties due to titanium ion implantation, compared to the properties obtained from depositing an 8 nm thick gold electrode. At the doses required to create a conductive layer, we find that the Ti ion implantation has a low impact on the membrane's overall rigidity (doubling of the Young's modulus and reducing the tensile stress) compared to the Au film (400% increase in E). The ion implantation method is an excellent candidate for DEAs' electrodes, which need to be compliant in order to achieve large displacements.
Intermediate Amorphous Layer Formation Mechanism at the Interface of Epitaxial CeO<sub>2</sub> Layers and Si Substrates (1993)

The formation mechanism of an intermediate amorphous layer between epitaxially grown CeO 2 layers and silicon substrates is studied using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. The intermediate amorphous layer thickness increases after annealing at 800°C in air, whereas it decreases somewhat after annealing in an ultrahigh vacuum. Auger in-depth analysis verifies that the intermediate amorphous layer is silicon dioxide. The intermediate oxide growth of the CeO 2 /Si structures due to intentional oxidation at 700∼900°C in a dry oxygen ambient is analyzed and the results indicate that the oxidation proceeds in an intermediate step between reaction limited and diffusion limited processes. The intermediate amorphous layer formation mechanism is concluded to be oxygen diffusion through CeO 2 layers and successive oxidation of silicon at the interface.
A leaky-wave analysis of the high-gain printed antenna configuration (1988)

A leaky-wave analysis is used to explain the narrow-beam resonance-gain phenomenon in which narrow beams may be produced from a printed antenna element in a substrate-superstrate geometry. It is demonstrated that the phenomenon is attributable to the presence of both transverse electric and transverse magnetic-mode leaky waves, that are excited on the structure. Asymptotic formulas for the leaky wave are compared with the exact patterns to demonstrate the dominant role of the leaky waves in determining the pattern. Results are presented as a function of frequency, the scan angle, and the permittivity of the superstrate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In-Situ Residual Oil Saturation to Gas from Time-Lapse Borehole Gravity (1995)

Summary Three time-lapse borehole gravity surveys were performed one year apart in the dedicated data gathering and monitoring well of the Rabi oil-rim. For the first time, time-lapse density logs derived from Borehole Gravity Meter (BHGM) runs are used to estimate residual oil saturation in-situ. This is also the first time that the BHGM is used to determine interval density at one meter spacing. This paper reviews the planning of the BHGM surveys, explains why it became necessary to reduce the survey intervals to one meter, highlights the enhancements that made such measurements possible, and presents the first residual oil saturation results. BHGM density is derived from the gravity gradient measured between two survey depths. The accuracy of the BHGM density is therefore governed by the accuracy of both gravity and depth measurements. The uncertainty of the gravity difference between two survey depths was significantly reduced through sensor improvements and new processing techniques. Depth-related errors were practically eliminated using a "Shuttle Sonde" to accurately position the gravity sensor within intervals up to 2.5 m. The time-lapse technique is immune to structural effects which can bias single BHGM surveys. In addition, the BHGM is latched into grooves built into the glass-reinforced Plexiglas (GRP) casing to ensure that the stationary tool is positioned exactly at the same depths from year to year. The reproducibility of BHGM density measurements between different runs is ±0.015 g/cm3 (one-σ, i.e. one standard deviation confidence level) over one meter intervals. This level of accuracy had only been achieved over three meter intervals prior to the present survey, thereby suggesting a threefold increase in the vertical resolution of the BHGM density measurement. As a result, a first estimate of residual oil saturation to gas was determined from BHGM data after only two years to within ± 10 su (one-σ) on a one-meter survey interval. The remaining oil saturation to water estimate derived from time-lapse BHGM surveys is in close agreement with residual oil saturation to water interpreted from time-lapse PNC logs.
Ultrafast all-optical switching in a dual-core fiber nonlinear coupler (1987)

We report the first demonstration of a nonlinear coupler switch capable of substantially complete all-optical switching at subpicosecond rates with no light-induced thermal effects.
Alteration of the Relative Stability of dA·dT and dG·dC Base Pairs in DNA (1973)

Several small alkylammonium ions can eliminate, or even reverse, the usual dependence of the DNA transition temperature on base composition. For example, in 3 M tetramethylammonium chloride, or 2.4 M tetraethylammonium chloride, DNAs of different base compositions all melt at a common temperature, and with a greatly decreased breadth of transition reflecting only the sequence-independent components of melting cooperativity. At still higher concentrations of such additives, dG.dC-rich DNAs melt at lower temperatures than dA.dT-rich molecules. Circular dichroism spectra show that these additives alter the structure of the DNA double helix very little at room temperature. This differential (base-specific) effect on helix stability is investigated with several small additives related to the tetraalkylammonium ions. Additives larger than tetraethylammonium ion have little differential effect on helix stability. Preferential binding of ions to dA.dT base pairs, requiring fit into a "groove" of DNA, is consistent with these data and with equilibrium binding studies. These differential effects can be distinguished from general destabilizing effects, which are independent of specific features of macromolecular conformation or chemistry. Possible experimental uses of this ability to alter the base-composition-dependent components of the stability of the DNA helix are discussed, as well as the insight this phenomenon provides into the molecular basis for the differential stability of dA.dT and dG.dC base pairs.
China and Chile Signing Free Trade Agreement (2005)

Mr. Bo Xilai, Minister of Commerce of China, and Mr.Walker, Foreign Minister of Chile, signed the China-Chile FTA on behalf of their respective government on November 18, 2005. Chinese President Hu Jintao and Chile President Lagos attended the signing ceremony, according to a press release on the website of Network Center of MOFCOM.……
Stereochemistry for engineering spin crossover: structures and magnetic properties of a homochiral vs. racemic [Fe(N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)(CN)<sub>2</sub>] complex (2015)

The Schiff-base condensation of the R,R-(+)-diamine () with 2,6-diacetyl pyridine in the presence of Fe(II) affords the macrocyclic complex [Fe(dpN3O2)(CN)2] () (dp = diphenyl) with ligand centred chirality comprising of a 1 : 1 mixture of LS 6- and HS 7-coordinate Fe(II) centres. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer studies reveal that () undergoes an incomplete thermal SCO transition with a T1/2 = 250 K as well as a LIESST effect. In contrast its racemic counterpart () comprises of mostly LS Fe(II) and exhibits no LIESST properties.
Effects of Noise on the Interpolation Accuracy for Apodized FFT Spectra of Time-Domain Damped Signals (1995)

Interpolation formulas for the apodized magnitude-mode fast Fourier transformed (FFT) spectra determine accurately the frequency, damping constant, and amplitude of time-domain damped signals. However, additive noise causes a large amount of error in interpolation. In this paper, we obtain, theoretically, the frequency-domain signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio due to windowing by the function of sin α ( X) and quantization with finite bit-length analog-to-digital (A/D) converters. Then, with the use of the squared ratios between three magnitudes nearest to the peak maximum on the apodized FFT spectrum, we derive the relationship equation between the frequency error and the S/N ratio. The results obtained by computer simulation of experimental conditions (i.e., sampling, quantization, windowing, FFT, and interpolation) for the Hanning window (α = 2) agree well with the theoretical calculations; the frequency errors decrease with increasing bit-length of the A/D converter. These observed errors are unavoidable because A/D converters are indispensable for measurements with Fourier transform spectrometers. Furthermore, as shown theoretically, the observed accuracy of interpolation is inversely proportional to the S/N ratio, provided that the S/N ratio is below the value due to quantization and windowing.
Tapping into TiVo (2006)

This article explores the early stages of the Digital Video Recorder (DVR) market, with particular attention paid to brand leader TiVo. The television industry, which relies on schedules to organize the audience commodity, faces threats from DVR technology. Initially, broadcasters and advertisers reacted with fear, but also came to realize the potential of using the technology for data collection and target marketing. These firms employed a mix of investment and litigation to shape the developing industry. Simultaneously, TiVo characterized its relationship to broadcasters and advertisers as advantageous rather than contentious. As a result, the emerging DVR model offers users greater control through time-shifting and increased functionality with content playback, while presenting existing television firms with a platform for audience surveillance.
Eigenvalues based spectrum sensing against untrusted users in cognitive radio networks (2009)

Spectrum sensing is an essential mechanism for a cognitive radio system. However, the security aspects of spectrum sensing receive little attention so far. In this paper, we identify two kinds of untrusted secondary users which are called dasiaAlways Yespsila users and dasiaAlways Nopsila users. These untrusted secondary users can degrade detection performance greatly, especially when conventional data fusion rules are applied. To counter these threats, for the correlated primary signals, an eigenvalues based detection scheme with double thresholds and revised data fusion rules is proposed. Maximum eigenvalues are proved to be very effective to detect the correlated primary signals and to find the untrusted users. By using the revised data fusion rules, simulation shows that our method has a better detection performance than the conventional method.
Oligodeoxythymidylate: polydeoxyadenylate and oligodeoxyadenylate: polydeoxythymidylate interactions (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOligodeoxythymidylate: polydeoxyadenylate and oligodeoxyadenylate: polydeoxythymidylate interactionsG. R. Cassani and F. J. BollumCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 10, 3928–3936Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00838a008https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00838a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Process Design of Tubular Heaters (1956)

Abstract Factors defining the principal process requirement of tubular heaters—the “time-temperature effect,” and means of obtaining different rates of heat input in portions of the coil of a heater to produce the desired time-temperature relationship are discussed. The most popular types of process tubular heaters used, at present, are briefly described and evaluated as to their general adaptability to operate with single and multiple streams and varying heat-input rates. Numerical examples of the effects of change in spacing of tubes and the use of single and double-row banks are given.
Protein kinases talk to lipid phosphatases at the synapse (2004)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Non-idealities of temperature sensors using substrate pnp transistors (2003)

This paper describes the nonidealities of temperature sensors based on substrate pnp transistors and shows how their influence can be minimized The effects of series resistance, current-gain variation, high-level injection and the Early effect on the accuracy of the PTAT voltage are discussed. The results of measurements made on substrate pnp transistors in a standard 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process are presented to show the effects of these nonidealities. It is shown that the modeling of the PTAT voltage can be improved by taking the temperature dependency of the effective emission coefficient into account using the reverse Early effect. With this refinement, the temperature can be extracted from the measurement data with an absolute accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.1/spl deg/C in the range of -50/spl deg/C to 130/spl deg/C.
HIGH ENERGY BATTERY SYSTEM STUDY. (1964)

A group of new cathode materials was tested in half-cell studies, including Br2, I2O5, BrCN, CrO3, CuS, FeS2, Ca(OCl)2, CsSF5, and others. AgO, MnO2, and CuF2 were investigated further. Discharge curves were generally better in dimethyl sulfoxide than in propylene carbonate. Higher utilization efficiencies were achieved at lowcurrent densities. A lithium/water system was tested and a cell voltage of 2 volts was obtained over a period of 5 hours at a moderate discharge current density. (Author)
A Virtualization Solution for BYOD With Dynamic Platform Context Switching (2015)

This article considers an embedded virtualization platform design for an important practical scenario in the business world: Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), which requires isolating the company's privileged information access from employees' entertainment environment. For this purpose, the authors propose an alternative architecture design called vNative for complete isolation among different usage scenarios. vNative makes one virtual machine, called the foreground VM (FVM), monopolize all resources at any time for use; the other VMs, called the background VMs (BVMs), are kept reactive with an expeditious context-switching scheme between FVM and BVM. vNative is suitable and reliable for BYOD to freeze other unauthentic applications, and it is consistent with the power consumption and limited display size of mobile smart devices. vNative achieves 98.6 percent of native performance with 6.5 percent power overhead, and its VM switching responsiveness is within 376 ms.
Context-aware POI recommendations in an automotive scenario using multi-criteria decision making methods (2011)

Recommender systems are commonly used for recommending items such as products, restaurants or other points-of-interest (POI). In our automotive scenario, the driver of a car gets recommendations for gas stations. Thereby, item attributes such as price or location are important, but also context data such as the current time, location or gas level of the car when requesting the recommendation. Our approach is based on Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods to calculate scores on several dimensions. We used utility functions modeling the importance of different route context elements which were derived from a preliminary user study, among other information. In addition, our system performs contextual pre- and post-filtering to reduce the number of considered items. The evaluation showed that our approach produced reasonably good results in comparison with the assessment of users in a second study.
Measuring the Temperature Increase of an Ultrasonic Motor in a 3-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging System (2017)

This paper aims to evaluate the temperature increase caused by a 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system on an ultrasonic motor (USM) used to actuate surgical robots in the MRI environment. Four fiber-optic temperature sensors were attached to the USM. Temperature was monitored outside the five-Gauss boundary and then inside the bore for 20 min while the USM was powered on. The USM temperature was tested for two states of the scanner, “off” and “on”, by employing common clinical imaging sequences and echo planar imaging sequences. The USM showed a slight temperature increase while operating in the static field of the MRI. A considerable temperature increase (~10 °C) was observed when the scanner was on. The temperature increased to 60 °C, which is beyond the acceptable safe temperature and can result in thermal burns. Most of the temperature increase (80%) was due to effects of the static field on the motion of the rotating parts of the motor, while the remainder (20%) derived from heat deposited in the conductive components of the USM due to radiofrequency pulses and gradient field changes. To solve the temperature increase, the metal components of the USM’s case can be replaced by silicon carbide.
Neuroimaging findings in post-traumatic stress disorder (2002)

Background Findings from neuroimaging studies complement our understanding of the wide-ranging neurobiological changes in trauma survivors who develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
A UHF Near-Field Link for Passive Sensing in Industrial Wireless Power Transfer Systems (2016)

This paper presents an innovative nonconventional exploitation of a self-resonant capacitive near-field link at UHF, for data communication, to be combined in a compact wireless power transfer (WPT) system. At UHF, an increased channel transfer efficiency is made possible by exploiting two faced auto-resonant structures, such as split-ring resonators (SRRs), one at each far-end side of the link. Their physical layouts are designed to ensure accurate prediction of both the resonant frequency and the resulting frequency-variable behavior of the two-port arrangement. This network is then used in a passive sensing system, based on a smart exploitation of the dc-power dc-load relationship of a standard RF identification (RFID) rectifier, to convert the data of a remote sensor, representing the system variable load. The reflected power variations at the transmitter side, due to the dc load variations, are successfully used to perform the sensor readout. The entire sensing system is first optimized by means of nonlinear circuit and electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Experimental data, compared to prior results, demonstrate the strength of the adopted approach.