gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure of Soybean Lipoxygenase L-1 at 1.4 Å Resolution<sup>,</sup> (1996)

Lipoxygenases, which are widely distributed among plant and animal species, are Fe-containing dioxygenases that act on lipids containing (Z,Z)-pentadiene moieties in the synthesis of compounds with a variety of functions. Utilizing an improved strategy of data collection, low temperature, and synchrotron radiation of short wavelength, the structure of ferrous soybean lipoxygenase L-1, a single chain protein of 839 amino acid residues, has been determined by X-ray crystallography to a resolution of 1.4 A. The R-factor for the refined model is 19.7%. General features of the protein structure were found to be consistent with the results of prior crystallographic studies at lower (2.6 A) resolution. In contrast to the prior studies, the binding of a water molecule to the active site Fe was established. The octahedral coordination sphere of the Fe also includes the side chains of His499, His504, His690, and Asn694 as well as the terminal carboxylate of Ile839, which binds as a monodentate ligand. Asn694 is involved in a number of labile polar interactions with other protein groups, including an amide-aromatic hydrogen bond, and appears to be a weak ligand. Several possible access routes for dioxygen and fatty acids to the internal active site and substrate binding cavity are described. The protein structure restricts access to the Fe site such that the formation of an organo-Fe intermediate seems improbable. Structural restrictions pertinent to other proposed reaction intermediates, such as planar pentadienyl and nonplanar allyl radicals, are also discussed.
Performance of power converters in hybrid fuel cell/ battery power sources (2005)

Hybrid fuel cell/ battery power sources have potentially widespread uses in applications wherein the power demand is impulsive rather than constant. Interposing a DC/DC converter between a fuel cell and a battery can create two configurations of actively controlled hybrid fuel cell/ battery power sources. This paper compares those two configurations using both theory and experiment with special attention to the peak power enhancement, and power losses in the converter. Both of the defined configurations were built, using a 35 W polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, an 8-cell lithium-ion battery pack, and a high-efficiency power converter. Both configurations yielded a peak power output of 135 W, about 4 times as high as the fuel cell alone could supply, with only a slight (13%) increase of weight. The converter losses were quantitatively analyzed. Which of the two configurations yields a smaller loss depends on the load power demand characteristics including peak power and load duty ratio. The study results in this paper provide guidance for the design of hybrid sources according to the particular load power requirements.
Outdoor Navigation for Autonomous Vehicle : Incremental Construction of Landmark Map Using Laser Range Finder (2002)

本研究では, まず屋外の段差のない舗装された路面において教示された経路に対し, 周辺環境の地図を作成することを目標とする。この際, 自己位置の推定に関しては車輪回転数による自己位置情報, 方位センサによる姿勢情報, 地図を作成するための外界センサとしてレーザ距離計を採用する。次にレーザ距離計に基づいた環境地図を作成し, 自己位置推定に役立てる。
Common-Mode Differential-Mode (CMDM) Method for Double-Nuclear MR Signal Excitation and Reception at Ultrahigh Fields (2011)

Double-tuned radio-frequency (RF) coils for heteronuclear mangentic resonance (MR) require sufficient electromagnetic isolation between the two resonators operating at two Larmor frequencies and independent tuning in order to attain highly efficient signal acquisition at each frequency. In this work, a novel method for double-tuned coil design at 7T based on the concept of common-mode differential-mode (CMDM) was developed and tested. Common mode (CM) and differential mode (DM) currents exist within two coupled parallel transmission lines, e.g., microstrip lines, yielding two different current distributions. The electromagnetic (EM) fields of the CM and DM are orthogonal to each other, and thus, the two modes are intrinsically EM decoupled. The modes can be tuned independently to desired frequencies, thus satisfying the requirement of dual-frequency MR applications. To demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed CMDM technique, CMDM surface coils and volume coils using microstrip transmission line for (1)H and (13)C MRI/MRSI were designed, constructed, and tested at 7T. Bench test results showed that the isolations between the two frequency channels of the CMDM surface coil and volume coil were better than -30 and -25 dB, respectively. High quality MR phantom images were also obtained using the CMDM coils. The performance of the CMDM technique was validated through a comparison with the conventional two-pole design method at 7T. The proposed CMDM technique can be also implemented by using other coil techniques such as lumped element method, and can be applied to designing double-tuned parallel imaging coil arrays. Furthermore, if the two resonant modes of a CMDM coil were tuned to the same frequency, the CMDM coil becomes a quadrature coil due to the intrinsic orthogonal field distribution of CM and DM.
Synthesis of End-Functionalized Polynorbornenes and Polynorbornanes via Metathesis:  Novel Macromonomers for Polycondensation Reactions (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis of End-Functionalized Polynorbornenes and Polynorbornanes via Metathesis: Novel Macromonomers for Polycondensation ReactionsVernon C. Gibson and Toshiyuki OkadaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, South Kensington, London SW7 2AY, U.K. Cite this: Macromolecules 2000, 33, 3, 655–656Publication Date (Web):January 22, 2000Publication History Received2 June 1999Revised10 December 1999Published online22 January 2000Published inissue 1 February 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma990872phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma990872prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views675Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbene compounds,Hydrocarbons,Hydrogen,Monomers,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Cytomegalovirus-Infected Primary Endothelial Cells Trigger NKG2C<sup>+</sup> Natural Killer Cells (2016)

Among innate cells, natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in the defense against cytomegalovirus (CMV). In some individuals, CMV infection induces the expansion of NKG2C+ NK cells that persist after control of the infection. We have previously shown that KIR2DL+ NK cells, in contrast to NKG2C+ NK cells, contribute to controlling CMV infection using a CMV-infected monocyte-derived dendritic cell (MDDC) model. However, the nature of CMV-infected cells contributing to the expansion of the NKG2C+ NK cell subset remains unclear. To gain more insight into this question, we investigated the contribution of NKG2C+ NK cell activation by CMV-infected primary human aortic endothelial cells (EC) isolated from kidney transplant donors, which constitutively express the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E molecule. Here, we show that, although classic HLA class I expression was drastically downregulated, nonclassic HLA-E expression was maintained in CMV-infected EC. By comparing HLA expression patterns in CMV-infected EC, fibroblasts and MDDC, we demonstrate a cell-dependent modulation of HLA-E expression by CMV infection. NKG2C+ NK cell degranulation was significantly triggered by CMV-infected EC regardless of the nature of the HLA-E allele product. EC, predominantly present in vessels, may constitute a privileged site for CMV infection that drives a 'memory' NKG2C+ NK cell subset.
Photonic device particle accelerators and light sources (2007)

Laser-driven particle acceleration is revealing itself as a very promising future alternative to RF particle acceleration. The concept of this acceleration technology is to employ a photonic structure that controls an electromagnetic wave in such a way as to produce a continuous acceleration force along the electron beam trajectory. The electrons travel in a vacuum space, which eliminates scattering from matter and degradation of the particle beam.
Analysis of Sweet Diterpene Glycosides from <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i>:  Improved HPLC Method (2001)

An improved analytical method was developed which may be applied to quality control of stevioside and rebaudioside A contents in dried leaves of Stevia rebaudiana before processing; in a selective sampling program searching for plants of higher yield in diterpene glycosides content; or when a large number of samples are sent to the laboratory for analysis. The procedure developed involves two steps: solvent extraction followed by an isocratic HPLC analysis. The sample, 1 g of dried leaves of S. rebaudiana, is ground and solvent-extracted with EtOH 70% (w/w) in Erlenmeyer flasks by shaking for 30 min in a 70 degrees C water bath. After the extract was cooled, it was filtered and analyzed by HPLC using an NH(2) column (250 x 4.6 mm) and a mixture of acetonitrile/water (80:20, v/v) as mobile phase, pH 5 adjusted with acetic acid. The detection was in the UV range at 210 nm (0.04 AUFS). Quantitation was performed by means of an external standard calibration curve for each analyte which had been obtained from standard solutions of pure stevioside and rebaudioside A. Working under these conditions there were no observed interference effects. The method saves time in sample preparation, and reduces sample handling and chromatographic analysis time, while having little loss of precision [coefficient of variation (CV%) between 1.8% and 3.0%] and recovery [between 98.5% and 100.5%]. The method was applied to 30 samples of S. rebaudiana from Misiones (Northeastern Argentina), and the stevioside content found ranged between 3.78 and 9.75% (weight) whereas Rebaudioside A content ranged between 1.62 and 7.27% (weight).
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis (1996)

Klaus Bringmann legt eine in der Klarheit der Thesen und der Argumentation bestechende Kurzfassung der römischen Geschichte vor. Er führt den Leser von den kleinsten Anfängen Roms zu dessen frühen außenpolitischen Auseinandersetzungen, der Krise der Republik, der Entstehung des Kaiserreiches, seinen organisatorischen, wirtschaftlichen, gesellschaftlichen und religiösen Problemen bis hin zu den Reformversuchen der Spätantike. Er schildert die Christianisierung, die Völkerwanderung, den Zusammenbruch des Westens und die östlichen Restaurationsbestrebungen. Ein Ausblick auf das fortlebende Erbe Roms beschließt diesen leicht und verständlich geschriebenen Überblick.
Optimization for SEU/SET Immunity on 0.15 $\mu$m Fully Depleted CMOS/SOI Digital Logic Devices (2006)

We designed logic cells hardened for SEUs/SETs using hardness-by-design (HBD) methodology with OKI's 0.15 mum Fully Depleted CMOS/SOI commercial process and these cells were evaluated with sample devices. Our previous work demonstrated that SET-free inverters could be successfully applied as SEU-immune latches. In this work, the logic cells were optimized for SEU/SET immunity up to an LET of 64 MeV/(mg/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), demonstrating that the process was suitable for space applications with a little penalty
Application of Three Scattering Models to Characterization of Solid Tumors in Mice (2006)

Two mouse models of mammary cancer (a carcinoma and sarcoma) were examined using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and three models for ultrasound backscattering. The first model that was examined was the spherical Gaussian model (SGM). The second model was the fluid-filled sphere model (FFSM) and was hypothesized to model scattering from cell nuclei with the cell cytoplasm acting as background. The third model, called the new cell model (NCM), was constructed to model backscattering from cell nuclei and cytoskeleton. The average scatterer diameters (ASDs) were estimated from regions-of-interest (ROIs) inside the tumors using all three models and then compared. The ultrasound analysis bandwidth used in the study was 16 to 27 MHz. QUS images of the tumors utilizing the ASD estimates from the three models were constructed. The ASDs were 30.3 +/- 3.06 microm and 25.2 +/- 4.01 microm with the SGM, 47.3 +/- 7.99 microm and 47.7 +/- 7.01 microm with the FFSM and 41.2 +/- 1.39 microm and 34.4 +/- 5.95 microm with the NCM for the carcinoma and sarcoma, respectively, statistically significant differences between the ASD estimates from the carcinomas and sarcomas were observed using the SGM and NCM but not with the FFSM.
[Expressions of OCT4 and CD133 and their correlation in colonic cancer]. (2011)

The expressions of Oct4 and CD133 are upregulated in colonic cancer compared with those in the adjacent tissues and show a positive correlation. Oct4 and CD133 may play an important role in the development of colon cancer.
Thermal stability of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Nb</mml:mi><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mtext>−</mml:mtext><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Nb</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Nb</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>Josephson junctions (2007)

As a high-resistivity normal-metal barrier for superconducting Josephson junctions, metal-silicon alloys appear to be a good replacement for noble metals and have been applied to the development of quantum voltage standard circuits. We observed that the electrical properties of Nb-based junctions made with amorphous ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ barriers were slowly evolving over time when stored at room temperature. After systematically investigating both junctions and thin films, we have concluded that the changes in junction electrical parameters are due to changes in the amorphous ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ and not due to barrier-electrode interface effects. The resistivity of amorphous ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ increases after heat treatment at temperatures as low as $80\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ when the Nb concentration is less than 33%, that of $\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$. Furthermore, we found that annealed barriers behave similarly to barriers with the Nb concentration intentionally reduced to obtain smaller critical current and larger normal resistance with the same barrier thickness, as explained by our ${I}_{c}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{R}_{n}$ relation developed based on the dirty-limit superconductor--normal-metal--superconductor Josephson junction theory. To explain these effects, we adopt and corroborate a microscopic picture based on alloy phase stability that was previously demonstrated by others. We also successfully demonstrate a method to stabilize junctions made with ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ barriers by intentionally annealing wafers during fabrication.
Intercapsular cataract surgery with lens epithelial cell removal (1991)

Characteristic lens epithelial cell behavior in the pseudophakic eye was examined by comparing 30 eyes that had extracapsular cataract surgery by the intercapsular technique and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with lens epithelial cell removal but without anterior capsule capsulectomy and nine aphakic eyes that had the same procedure but without posterior chamber lens implantation over a mean follow-up period of 30 and 23 months, respectively. Fibrous anterior capsule opacification was observed in 83% of the pseudophakic eyes in the area of contact with the IOL, while the region beyond the margin of the IOL remained transparent. Fibrous anterior capsular opacification was not noted in the aphakic eyes. This suggests that the IOL material, poly(methyl methacrylate), stimulates lens epithelial cells to undergo fibrous metaplasia and to produce collagen fibers. Various cytokines such as IL-1 and TGF-beta synthesized by lens epithelial cells may play a crucial role as mediators in the process. We recommend that this effect be considered as a parameter of biocompatibility in developing and evaluating new biomaterials.
Design techniques for high-speed, high-resolution comparators (1992)

Precision techniques for the design of comparators used in high-performance analog-to-digital converters employing parallel conversion stages are described. Following a review of conventional offset cancellation techniques, circuit designs achieving 12-b resolution in both BiCMOS and CMOS 5-V technologies are presented. The BiCMOS comparator consists of a preamplifier followed by two regenerative stages and achieves an offset of 200 mu V at a 10-MHz clock rate while dissipating 1.7 mW. In the CMOS comparator offset cancellation is used in both a single-stage preamplifier and a subsequent latch to achieve an offset of less than 300 mu V at comparison rates as high as 10 MHz, with a power dissipation of 1.8 mW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bidirectional RSVP-TE Tunnel (2005)

Through the binding of two unidirectional RSVP-TE tunnels established
between a pair of LSRs destined to each other, a bidirectional RSVP-
TE tunnel is formed. The bidirectional RSVP-TE tunnel can be used to
establish L3VPN with virtual router technology.
Efficiently Extracting Operational Profiles from Execution Logs Using Suffix Arrays (2009)

An important software reliability engineering tool is operational profiles. In this paper we propose a cost effective automated approach for creating second generation operational profiles using execution logs of a software product. Our algorithm parses the execution logs into sequences of events and produces an ordered list of all possible subsequences by constructing a suffix-array of the events. The difficulty in using execution logs is that the amount of data that needs to be analyzed is often extremely large (more than a million records per day in many applications). Our approach is very efficient. We show that our approach requires O(N) in space and time to discover all possible patterns in N events. We discuss a practical implementation of the algorithm in the context of the logs from a large cloud computing system.
Static Fourier transform spectroscopy breadboards for atmospheric chemistry and climate (2008)

New types of sounders dedicated to selected species could be used on small satellites to monitor atmospheric chemistry with simpler instruments. A new kind of Fourier transform spectrometer has been patented by CNES a few years ago. Based on a static configuration, two projects are being studied at CNES with laboratory breadboards. One is dedicated to CO2 concentration monitoring in near infrared. The other one works in thermal infrared to study CO and O3 atmospheric profiles. MoLI breadboard, with a new highly integrated interferometric core, will be used for a long time measurement of CO2 concentration. MOPI is another breadboard under development to transpose this concept in thermal infrared during the SIFTI phase A study. These new generation spectrometers consist in a Michelson interferometer with staircase mirrors assembled by molecular adhesion. They are adapted to narrow spectra sounding from space and could lead to totally static and highly stabilized instruments.
Double auctions for dynamic spectrum allocation (2014)

Wireless spectrum is a precious resource and must be allocated and used efficiently. The conventional spectrum allocation lets a government (e.g., FCC) sell a given portion of spectrum to one provider. This is not only restrictive, but also limits spectrum reuse and may lead to significant under-utilization of spectrum. In this paper, we develop a novel truthful double auction scheme to let any resource owner (e.g., a cellular provider), who has spare spectrum at a given time, sell to one or more providers that need additional spectrum at that time. Spectrum auction is fundamentally different from conventional auction problems since spectrum can be re-used and competition pattern is complex due to wireless interference. We propose the first double auction design for spectrum allocation that explicitly decouples the buyer side and seller side auction design while achieving (i) truthfulness, (ii) individual rationality, and (iii) budget balance. To accurately capture wireless interference and support spectrum reuse, we partition the conflict graph so that buyers with strong direct and indirect interference are put into the same subgraph and buyers with no or weak interference are put into separate subgraphs and then compute pricing independently within each subgraph. We develop a merge scheme to combine spectrum allocation results from different subgraphs and resolve potential conflicts. Using conflict graphs generated from real cell tower locations, we extensively evaluate our approach and demonstrate that it achieves high efficiency, revenue, and utilization.
Genetic algorithms as a tool for the analysis of adaptive resonance theory network training sets (2003)

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are used to study the basins of attraction for adaptive resonances theory (ART) neural networks. Two GAs are used to study attractors formed by the 'bottom-up' and the 'top-down' subsystems of a single binary input/binary output ART (ART1) neural network. The author presents results based on a simple training data set consisting of two distributions of centered rectangles. These results will ultimately aid in the refinement of training sets being used in neural information retrieval applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>