gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning and memory in the honeybee (1995)

Insects are favorable subjects for neuroethological studies. Their nervous systems are relatively small and contain many individually identifiable cells. The CNS is highly compartmentalized with clear separations between multisensory higher order neuropiles in the brain and neuropiles serving sensory-motor routines in the ventral cord (Huber, 1974). The rich behavior of insects includes orientation in space and time, visual, chemical, and mechanical communication, and complex motor routines for flying, walking, swimming, nest building, defense, and attack. Learning and memory, though, are not usually considered to be a strong point of insects. Rather, insect behavior is often regarded as highly stereotyped and under tight control of genetically programmed neural circuits. This view, however, does not do justice to the insect order of Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants). Most Hymenopteran species care for their brood either as individual females or as a social group of females. Consequently, they regularly return to their nest site to feed, protect, and nurse the larvae, store food, and hide from adverse environmental conditions. Since they search for food (prey; nectar and pollen on flowers) at unpredictable sites, they have to learn the celestial and terrestrial cues that guide their foraging trips over long distances and allow them to find their nest sites (central place foraging; von Frisch, 1967; Seeley, 1985). They learn to relate the sun's position and sky pattern of polarized light to the time of the day (Lindauer, 1959), and landmarks are learned in relationship to the nest site within the framework of the time-compensated sun compass. The honeybee communicates direction and distance of a feeding place to hive mates by performing a ritualized body movement, the waggle dance (von Frisch, 1967). Associative learning is an essential component of the bee's central place foraging behavior and dance communication. Hive mates attending a dance performance learn the odor emanating from the dancing bee and seek it at the indicated food site. The odor, color, and shape of flowers are learned when the bee experiences these stimuli shortly before it finds food (nectar, pollen). This appetitive learning in bees has many characteristics of associative learning well known from mammalian learning studies (Menzel, 1985, 1990; Bitterman, 1988). It follows the rules of classical and operant conditioning, respectively, so that stimuli or behavioral acts are associated with evaluating stimuli. Since associative learning, especially of the classical type, is well described at the phenomenological and operational level (Rescorla, 1988), it provides a favorable approach in the search for the neural substrate underlying learning and memory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Radio-Frequency Heating Applied to Wood Gluing (1943)

Dielectric heating by radio-frequency power has been established as a practical means for rapidly gluing wood with thermosetting adhesives. To the radio engineer, such an application involves the correlation of power concentration, frequency, voltage gradient, dielectric constant, and power factor for the determination of reasonable operating parameters. An equation is developed showing the interdependence of these factors. Pertinent data on the dielectric properties of several kinds of wood are included covering a suitable range of frequency and for the temperatures and moisture contents commonly encountered. The nonuniform heating likely to occur in large presses because of standing waves on the electrodes can be eliminated by "multiple tuning" in which each of several inductors tunes a section of the press electrodes to parallel resonance. A coupling network is evolved for feeding a tuned press so that variations in press capacitance during the gluing cycle become unimportant to the loading of the oscillator. Means for measuring the temperature at the glue line during the application of radio-frequency power are discussed.
A Slurry Injection Method for the Fabrication of Multiple Microchannel SOFCs (2009)

A fabrication technology has been developed for a novel high‐performance solid oxide fuel cells with honeycomb structure via the extrusion of a cathode‐honeycomb monolith and subsequent channel surface coating with electrolyte/anode bilayers. A novel coating technique for the preparation of dense electrolyte films on the channel surfaces in cathode honeycomb supports is reported. When the dipping method is used, the high viscous resistance of the electrolyte slurry inhibited slurry penetration into the microchannels, which resulted in insufficient channel surface coating. By contrast, the newly developed channel coating technique, i.e. the slurry injection method , allowed the slurry to be injected into the honeycomb channels without the formation of any coating defects.
Interleukin‐1 beta activates expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in primary hippocampal neuronal culture: Platelet‐activating factor as a preferential mediator of cyclooxygenase‐2 expression (1999)

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is an inflammatory cytokine whose expression is elevated in brain during seizures, ischemia, and injury. Expression of IL-1β and its receptor can also be observed in normal brain. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is also a dual mediator that promotes neuronal plasticity responses as well as inflammation. We have determined the role of PAF in the regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes by IL-1β in rat primary hippocampal cultures. As assessed by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR), recombinant mouse IL-1β (1 nM) led to an induction of COX-2 mRNA which peaked at 2 hours, declined to baseline levels by 4 hours, began to rise again by 6 hours, and remained elevated at 24 hours post-treatment. iNOS mRNA was also induced, but unlike COX-2, its abundance peaked at 4 hours and decreased by 6 hours to a plateau lasting through 24 hours. Pretreatment with PAF antagonist BN50730 blocked induction of COX-2 mRNA by 2-hour IL-1β treatment, and 2-hour treatment with the PAF analog mcPAF mimicked the effects of IL-1β on COX-2 mRNA levels. Following injury, synaptic plasticity changes may be affected by IL-1β-PAF-COX-2 neuronal signaling. J. Neurosci. Res. 58:593–598, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
CTex—An Adaptive Unsupervised Segmentation Algorithm Based on Color-Texture Coherence (2008)

This paper presents the development of an unsupervised image segmentation framework (referred to as CTex) that is based on the adaptive inclusion of color and texture in the process of data partition. An important contribution of this work consists of a new formulation for the extraction of color features that evaluates the input image in a multispace color representation. To achieve this, we have used the opponent characteristics of the RGB and YIQ color spaces where the key component was the inclusion of the Self Organizing Map (SOM) network in the computation of the dominant colors and estimation of the optimal number of clusters in the image. The texture features are computed using a multichannel texture decomposition scheme based on Gabor filtering. The major contribution of this work resides in the adaptive integration of the color and texture features in a compound mathematical descriptor with the aim of identifying the homogenous regions in the image. This integration is performed by a novel adaptive clustering algorithm that enforces the spatial continuity during the data assignment process. A comprehensive qualitative and quantitative performance evaluation has been carried out and the experimental results indicate that the proposed technique is accurate in capturing the color and texture characteristics when applied to complex natural images.
Blur vs. Block: Investigating the Effectiveness of Privacy-Enhancing Obfuscation for Images (2017)

Computer vision can lead to privacy issues such as unauthorized disclosure of private information and identity theft, but it may also be used to preserve user privacy. For example, using computer vision, we may be able to identify sensitive elements of an image and obfuscate those elements thereby protecting private information or identity. However, there is a lack of research investigating the effectiveness of applying obfuscation techniques to parts of images as a privacy enhancing technology. In particular, we know very little about how well obfuscation works for human viewers or users' attitudes towards using these mechanisms. In this paper, we report results from an online experiment with 53 participants that investigates the effectiveness two exemplar obfuscation techniques: "blurring" and "blocking", and explores users' perceptions of these obfuscations in terms of image satisfaction, information sufficiency, enjoyment, and social presence. Results show that although "blocking" is more effective at de-identification compared to "blurring" or leaving the image "as is", users' attitudes towards "blocking" are the most negative, which creates a conflict between privacy protection and users' experience. Future work should explore alternative obfuscation techniques that could protect users' privacy and also provide a good viewing experience.
Needles in the EST Haystack: Large-Scale Identification and Analysis of Excretory-Secretory (ES) Proteins in Parasitic Nematodes Using Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) (2008)

We report the large-scale analysis of ES proteins inferred from EST data for a range of parasitic nematodes. This set of ES proteins provides an inventory of known and novel members of ES proteins as a foundation for studies focused on understanding the biology of parasitic nematodes and their interactions with their hosts, as well as for the development of novel drugs or vaccines for parasite intervention and control.
Reactivity of HO2/O−2 Radicals in Aqueous Solution (1985)

Kinetic data for the superoxide radical (HO2⇄O−2 +H+, pK=4.8) in aqueous solution have been critically assessed. Rate constants for reactions of O−2 and HO2 with more than 300 organic and inorganic ions, molecules and other transient species have been tabulated.
Effectiveness of Intermittent Pneumatic Leg Compression for Preventing Deep Vein Thrombosis After Total Hip Replacement (1990)

A randomized trial was performed in consecutive patients undergoing total hip replacement to evaluate the effectiveness of sequential intermittent calf and thigh compression for preventing venous thrombosis compared with a control group given no prophylaxis. Both groups underwent case finding for deep vein thrombosis using combined fibrinogen I 125 leg scanning, impedance plethysmography, and venography. Deep vein thrombosis by venography was present in 77 (49%) of 158 control patients compared with 36 (24%) of 152 patients given intermittent compression. Proximal vein thrombosis was present in 42 controls (27%) compared with 22 patients (14%) given intermittent compression. Combined impedance plethysmography and leg scanning was insensitive in this patient group (sensitivity, 46%); venography was required to detect more than half the patients with venous thrombosis. Sequential intermittent leg compression clinically and statistically significantly reduced the frequency of both proximal vein and calf vein thrombosis. Case finding resulted in early detection and treatment of patients with venous thrombosis.
Study on Concentrated PUFA from Tuna Oil by Silver Nitrate Concentration (2004)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids were concentrated from mixture fatty acids of tuna oil by silver nitrate complexiation. And the effects of agitation time and silver nitrate concentration on the yield of production and the content of EPA and DHA were studied. Physico-chemical properties and composition of fatty acids of the production were analyzed as well. The results show that the yield of production is 18.03% and the relative percent of EPA and DHA is 9.78% and 86.07% respectively and the total content of EPA and DHA is 95.85% and the peroxidized value is 7.35 mmol/kg and iodine value is 2608.9 g/kg under the conditions of agitation time 60 min, the concentration of silver nitrate 4 mol/L.
Wireless intraoffice networks (1988)

An overview of the existing and growing demands for wireless office information networks is provided, and the existing research activities are assessed in some detail. The radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) communication technologies are examined as candidates for wireless intraoffice communications. The available bandwidths, according to federal regulations and characteristics of the channel for RF communications, are given. Digital narrow-band and wideband spread-spectrum RF communications are assessed in terms of supportable data rate or number of simultaneous users in one cell of a cellular architecture in an office environment. Various limitations of IR communications are discussed and existing systems and architectures are reviewed.
Proper Complex Gaussian Processes for Regression (2015)

Complex-valued signals are used in the modeling of many systems in engineering and science, hence being of fundamental interest. Often, random complex-valued signals are considered to be proper. A proper complex random variable or process is uncorrelated with its complex conjugate. This assumption is a good model of the underlying physics in many problems, and simplifies the computations. While linear processing and neural networks have been widely studied for these signals, the development of complex-valued nonlinear kernel approaches remains an open problem. In this paper we propose Gaussian processes for regression as a framework to develop 1) a solution for proper complex-valued kernel regression and 2) the design of the reproducing kernel for complex-valued inputs, using the convolutional approach for cross-covariances. In this design we pay attention to preserve, in the complex domain, the measure of similarity between near inputs. The hyperparameters of the kernel are learned maximizing the marginal likelihood using Wirtinger derivatives. Besides, the approach is connected to the multiple output learning scenario. In the experiments included, we first solve a proper complex Gaussian process where the cross-covariance does not cancel, a challenging scenario when dealing with proper complex signals. Then we successfully use these novel results to solve some problems previously proposed in the literature as benchmarks, reporting a remarkable improvement in the estimation error.
Prognostic biomarkers of IFNb therapy in multiple sclerosis patients (2014)

Baseline expression, or induction ratios, of specific gene combinations correlate with future therapeutic response to IFNb, and have the potential to be prognostically useful.
Image-designing and Color Management for Digital Still Camera and Printer System (1995)

We will describe tone-reproduction and color-reproduction of newly-developed digital still camera, DS-505, and Pictrography 3000 system. The followings are main content.(1) Comparison of Neugebauer's Q-factors of digital still camera and typical negative film: The ascending order of Q-factor is 3-CCD camera, 1-CCD camera and typical negative film.(2) Aimed image-reproduction: The image, reproduced using professional-use negative and color paper, has been adopted as aimed image-reproduction. How to optimize various parameters to keep good image quality will be also described.(3) Color management system: To keep good image quality and data-exchangeability, EXIF (Exchangeable Image Data Format), proposed to ISO/TC42/WG18, has been adopted. How to manage color quality parameters will be discussed.
[The role of dopamine neurotransmission on the development of ethanol dependence and course of abstinence syndrome]. (1994)

This paper evaluates the influence of acute and chronic ethanol intoxication and withdrawal syndrome in rats and humans on central dopaminergic neurotransmission. Acute, low dose of ethanol (1.0 g/kg), produced a significant increase of dopamine level in rat's central nervous system (CNS) and decreased prolactin (PRL) level in blood serum. In chronic experiment rats were given the following dopaminergic agents: SKF 38393, PPHT, SCH 23393, Pimozide. Ethanol potentiated D1 agonist features, whereas has no influence on D1 antagonist action in CNS, which reveals that chronic ethanol produced hypersensitivity of D1 receptors. Chronic ethanol potentiated pimozide action in behavioral tests. Chronic ethanol produced a decrease of compensatory augmentation of dopamine in rat's CNS after pimozide administration. PPHT, a potent D2 agonist normalized withdrawal symptoms in alcohol dependent rats. In the clinical part of experiment 21 alcohol dependent male individuals were examined for ethanol withdrawal syndrome, using DSM-III/R criteria, alcohol dependence index (WGU), and presence of dependence scale symptoms (WWO). The intensity of withdrawal symptoms was examined using Sandowal-Wang scale. The level of blood serum PRL was also measured, twice a day (8 a.m. and 8 p.m.) on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st day of experiment. It was established that WGU as well as WWO and DSM-III-R criteria did separate similar groups of patients with the same depth of dependence, clinical symptoms and prognosis. This study reveals a negative correlation between intensity of withdrawal symptoms and PRL levels in blood serum on the 1st day of abstinence. PRL levels were increased from 3rd to 21st day of study. Ethanol withdrawal symptoms intensity index was positively correlated with WGU.
Theoretical study of Cu–Au nanoalloy clusters using a genetic algorithm (2002)

A study has been made of the structures and stabilities of copper and gold clusters and copper–gold nanoalloy clusters, with up to 56 atoms, modeled by the many-body Gupta potential. For pure copper clusters, the lowest energy structures are found to be based on icosahedral packing, while pure gold clusters tend to form less symmetrical (often amorphous) structures. In a number of cases, the replacement of a single gold atom by copper is found to be sufficient to convert the structure to that of the more symmetrical copper cluster. The lowest energy clusters are generally more difficult to find for the bimetallic clusters than for the pure metallic clusters, due to the presence of homotops (related by permuting Cu and Au atoms), as well as geometrical isomers. The structures of the lowest energy bimetallic clusters exhibit primarily icosahedral packing, with (CuAu)M and (CuAu3)M clusters tending to form layered structures and (Cu3Au)M clusters showing greater Cu–Au mixing.
Texture video-assisted motion vector predictor for depth map coding (2011)

A texture video-assisted motion vector predictor for depth map coding is proposed in this letter. Based on the analyses of motion similarity between texture videos and their corresponding depth maps, the proposed approach uses the motion vectors of texture videos and the median predictor jointly to determine the optimal predicted motion vector for depth map coding by employing a rate-distortion (R-D) criterion. Experimental results demonstrate that compared with the median predictor utilized in H.264/AVC, the proposed method can save the maximum and average bit rate as high as 4.89% and 3.68%, respectively, while guaranteeing the quality of synthesized virtual views.
Preparation of Ferroelectric BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Films by Sol-Gel Process and Dielectric Properties (1990)

Crack-free and dense BaTiO3 films with perovskite structure were obtained at temperature as low as 500°C by the sol-gel process. Barium acetate and tetra-n-butyl orthotitanate were used as raw materials. Glycerol and methanol were used as solvents. The films were deposited on several types of substrates. ICP analysis showed that the Ba/Ti ratio in BaTiO3 films agreed with that of starting mixtures. Films obtained at 1000°C on a platinum substrate showed a typical P-E hysteresis loop. The spontaneous polarization was 2.3μC⋅cm-2, the remanent polarization was 0.8μC⋅cm-2 and the coercive filed was 2.8kV⋅cm-1. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss angle were about 1000 and 0.035, respectively.
Expression of prostaglandin receptors EP4 and FP in human lens epithelial cells. (1999)

The results of the molecular biologic and pharmacologic experiments showed conclusively the presence of EP4 and FP receptor messenger RNAs and proteins, respectively, in HLE-B3 cells.
A Resonance Approach to Cochlear Mechanics (2012)

This alternative approach to cochlear mechanics shows that a travelling wave can simply arise as an apparently moving amplitude peak which passes along a bank of resonators without carrying energy. This highlights the possible role of the fast pressure wave and indicates how phase delays and group delays of a set of driven harmonic oscillators can generate an apparent travelling wave. It is possible to view the cochlea as a chain of globally forced coupled oscillators, and this model incorporates fundamental aspects of both the resonance and travelling wave theories.
The random oracle methodology, revisited (2004)

We take a critical look at the relationship between the security of cryptographic schemes in the Random Oracle Model, and the security of the schemes that result from implementing the random oracle by so called "cryptographic hash functions".The main result of this article is a negative one: There exist signature and encryption schemes that are secure in the Random Oracle Model, but for which any implementation of the random oracle results in insecure schemes. In the process of devising the above schemes, we consider possible definitions for the notion of a "good implementation" of a random oracle, pointing out limitations and challenges.
Mechanisms to protect the privacy of families when using the transmission disequilibrium test in genome-wide association studies (2017)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Premature labor, Part II: Management. (1993)

Effective management of preterm labor and birth begins with an assessment and reduction of risks for all pregnant women. In addition, pregnant women should be screened and appropriately treated for urologic and gynecologic infections (e.g., syphilis, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and bacterial vaginosis). Women who are at high risk for preterm birth should be enrolled in a preterm birth prevention program that includes frequent contact with health professionals, patient education about the signs and symptoms of preterm labor, home monitoring, and regular cervical examinations. For women who develop preterm labor that does not require immediate delivery, recommended management strategies include reduced activity, early tocolytic therapy, corticosteroids for up to 34 weeks' gestation (both for women with intact and ruptured membranes), and antibiotics for known infections. Early studies also suggest that prophylactic antibiotics can be beneficial for women with idiopathic preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes.
Dechlorination of Chloroform by <i>Methanosarcina</i> Strains (1990)

Dehalogenation of carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and bromoform in pure cultures of Methanosarcina sp. strain DCM and Methanosarcina mazei S6 was demonstrated. The initial dechlorination product of chloroform was methylene chloride (dichloromethane), which accumulated transiently to about 70% of the added chloroform; trace amounts of chloromethane were also detected. The amount of chloroform dechlorinated per mole of methane produced was approximately 10 times greater than the ratio observed previously for tetrachloroethene dechlorination by these strains. The production of CO(2) from [C]chloroform and the absence of CH(4) imply that processes in addition to reductive dechlorination operate.