gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Relative Study on the Catalytic Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Doped MnCO<sub>3</sub>, –MnO<sub>2</sub>, and –Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanocomposites for Aerial Oxidation of Alcohols (2017)

Zinc oxide nanoparticles doped manganese carbonate catalysts [<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>X</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>% ZnO x –MnCO 3 ] (where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>X</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> = 0–7) were prepared via a facile and straightforward coprecipitation procedure, which upon different calcination treatments yields different manganese oxides, that is, [<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>X</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>% ZnO x –MnO 2 ] and [<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>X</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>% ZnO x –Mn 2 O 3 ]. A comparative catalytic study was conducted to evaluate the catalytic efficiency between carbonates and oxides for the selective oxidation of secondary alcohols to corresponding ketones using molecular oxygen as a green oxidizing agent without using any additives or bases. The prepared catalysts were characterized by different techniques such as SEM, EDX, XRD, TEM, TGA, BET, and FTIR spectroscopy. The 1% ZnO x –MnCO 3 calcined at 300°C exhibited the best catalytic performance and possessed highest surface area, suggesting that the calcination temperature and surface area play a significant role in the alcohol oxidation. The 1% ZnO x –MnCO 3 catalyst exhibited superior catalytic performance and selectivity in the aerial oxidation of 1-phenylethanol, where 100% alcohol conversion and more than 99% product selectivity were obtained in only 5 min with superior specific activity (48 mmol·g −1 ·h −1 ) and 390.6 turnover frequency (TOF). The specific activity obtained is the highest so far (to the best of our knowledge) compared to the catalysts already reported in the literatures used for the oxidation of 1-phenylethanol. It was found that ZnO x nanoparticles play an essential role in enhancing the catalytic efficiency for the selective oxidation of alcohols. The scope of the oxidation process is extended to different types of alcohols. A variety of primary, benzylic, aliphatic, allylic, and heteroaromatic alcohols were selectively oxidized into their corresponding carbonyls with 100% convertibility without overoxidation to the carboxylic acids under base-free conditions.
Fusion of Skin Color Detection and Background Subtraction for Hand Gesture Segmentation (2014)

Hand gestures play a significant role in Human Computer Interaction. They serve as primary interaction tools for gesture based computer control. The present work is a part of vision based hand gesture recognition system for Human Computer Interaction. We have proposed an algorithm with the fusion of skin color model and background subtraction that yields robust output in the presence of drastic illumination changes. This paper compares methodologies of various hand segmentation approaches for gesture recognition systems. This study is merely a first step towards development of a reliable efficient robust gesture recognition system with high detection rate.
HfO2 Based Resistive Switching Non-Volatile Memory (RRAM) and Its Potential for Embedded Applications (2012)

In this letter, HfO2 based RRAM with varying device sizes are discussed with an analysis on their electrical characteristics. Device sizes of 60nm and 120nm were achieved by using different thickness of nitride spacer after 200nm contact hole is formed. Platinum (Pt) bottom electrode and Titanium Nitride (TiN) top electrode were used with HfO2 dielectric as the resistance switching layer. Uniform bipolar switching characteristics with a low Ireset of about 100µA are achieved with self-compliance effect. It is demonstrated that RRAM has a potential to be used as the embedded memory fabricated directly at the backend of CMOS process.
Temporal eye-tracking data (2008)

The challenges in empirical eye-tracking studies of usability or complex problem solving include 1) how to effectively analyze the eye-tracking data, and 2) how to interpret and relate the resulting measures to the user cognitive processing. We conducted a reanalysis of eye-tracking data from a recent study that involved programmers of two experience groups debugging a program with the help of multiple representations. The proportional fixation time on each area of interest (AOI), frequency of visual attention switches between the areas, and the type of switch were investigated during five consequential phases of ten minutes of debugging. We increased the granularity of the focus on the user processing several times, allowing us to construct a better picture of the process. In addition, plotting the areas of interest in time supported a visual analysis and comparison with the quantitative data.
Antibodies (1989)

Sensitive, specific and rapid immunoassays are being used at an ever increasing rate in environmental analytical laboratories. Recent advances such as the production of antibody binding fragments in genetically engineered bacteria and the monitoring of hapten-antibody interactions in anhydrous organic solvents will be of practical use in the future development of immunoassays. By using the techniques of the molecular biologist, antibody fragments with the desired specificities and affinities may be obtained for labile and toxic compounds without the need to synthesize hapten-carrier molecules for immunization or to utilize the laborious process of monoclonal production.. Immunoassays for lipophilic water insoluble molecules may be carried out in anhydrous organic solvents thereby minimizing problems associated with their insolubility in aqueous media and generally increasing the application of antibodies as biosensors.
XRAY (1980)

XRAY presents a global view of the performance of hardware and software components on multiple, distributed computers. The set of components chosen for measurement can be changed at any time throughout a network of systems, and can be selected to minimize data collection time and measurement space. In the course of normal activities the operating system executes firmware which increments counters for the measured components. Periodically, the counters are recorded in an ordinary file by a process in each processor. An analysis program permits browsing through components and plotting counters in real time. Analysis focuses on detecting the distributed sources of excessive activity.
Experiences in Co-designing a Packet Classification Algorithm and a Flexible Hardware Platform (2011)

Algorithmic solutions to the packet classification problem in network equipment have long been a subject of study in academia and industry and with increases in network speeds they are becoming even more important. Since general purpose processors cannot meet performance and cost requirements, researchers have been assuming that ASICs or FPGAs are necessary for hardware implementation. Industry and academia have been working on SRAM-based platforms specialized for tables used in network equipment, but existing publications only describe the mapping of simpler exact match or prefix match lookups to such platforms. In this paper we adopt a software-hardware co-design approach mapping the EffiCuts algorithm to the PLUG platform. Our work confirms that this solution achieves high throughput (142 million packets per second) and low power (3.1 Watts). It identifies and evaluates changes to the original algorithm and to the platform that can improve throughput and memory utilization.
Effect of Live Weight and Differing Economic Values on Responses to Selection for Milk Fat, Protein, Volume, and Live Weight (1997)

Five traits of major economic importance in the New Zealand dairy industry are milk volume, milk fat, milk protein, live weight, and survival. This study evaluated the impact of live weight as a trait in the selection objectives for the New Zealand dairy industry. Live weight of the lactating cow is an important measure because it reflects feeding costs via maintenance feed and salvage values of cows to be culled. In addition, selection responses were evaluated for differing relative economic values for milk protein and milk fat, and selection indexes that included or excluded phenotypic and genotypic correlations between traits were compared. Inclusion of live weight, with a negative economic value in a four-trait selection index with milk, milk fat, and protein resulted in higher economic response. Protein response to selection was not more than 2% when the relative economic value for the ratio of protein to milk fat exceeded 5:1 in a two-trait model; however, milk fat response decreased by over 10%. When a negative relative economic value was assigned to milk fat, economic returns were lower because of lower milk fat responses and the lack of higher protein responses compared with the same ratio for relative economic value but a positive weight for milk fat. Accounting for phenotypic and genetic correlations in deriving selection index weight improved economic response 5%.
On error-and-erasure decoding of cyclic codes (1992)

Procedures are presented for error-and-erasure decoding of cyclic codes up to the Hartmann-Tzeng (HT) bound. Emphasis is placed on converting the problem of error-and-erasure decoding to an error-only decoding problem so that the Berlekamp-Massey or the Feng-Tzeng multisequence shift-register synthesis algorithms can be applied. This work has thus extended the result, which was up to a special case of the HT bound, obtained by P. Stevens (1990) on error-and-erasure decoding of binary cyclic codes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Locality of Searchable Symmetric Encryption. (2014)

This paper proves a lower bound on the trade-off between server storage size and the locality of memory accesses in searchable symmetric encryption (SSE). Namely, when encrypting an index of N identifier/keyword pairs, the encrypted index must have size ω(N) or the scheme must perform searching with ω(1) non-contiguous reads to memory or the scheme must read many more bits than is necessary to compute the results. Recent implementations have shown that non-locality of server memory accesses create a throughput-bottleneck on very large databases. Our lower bound shows that this is due to the security notion and not a defect of the constructions. An upper bound is also given in the form of a new SSE construction with an O(N logN) size encrypted index that performs O(logN) reads during a search.
An enhanced ultrasonic system for robot end effector tracking (1991)

There is widespread interest in the development of improved robot manipulator controllers, especially in the area of controlling the oscillatory modes associated with high speed manipulators. The common aim of such controllers is to steer the motion of the robot arm such that the end-effector adheres closely to some pre-specified trajectory. In order to verify the performance of any new controller when implemented on a real robot, the motion of the end-effector must be measured in real time. The use of end-effector position as an input parameter to the controller is also highly desirable. The typically fast movement of the end-effector imposes a requirement that the data rate of any end-effector position measurement system to be high. At a typical end-effector tip velocity of 1m/s, the end-effector moves 10 mm between samples if the data rate is 100 Hz. The solution proposed in the paper is the use of an ultrasonic position measurement and tracking system.
Antibodies that bind to fimbriae block adhesion of Streptococcus sanguis to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (1985)

Antibodies raised against a fimbriated, adhesive strain of Streptococcus sanguis (FW213) were found to block the adhesion of this organism to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. Antibodies were made specific for adhesion antigens by adsorption with isogenic, nonadhesive mutants (for rabbit polyclonal adsorbed antibody) or selection based on nonreactivity with two nonadhesive mutants (for monoclonal antibody). Rabbit antibody raised against isogenic, nonfimbriated nonadhesive mutants served as a control for antibodies present, but not related to fimbriation. Adsorbed antibody and monoclonal antibody were shown to be specific for fimbriae (antigen 1), since both antibodies could be seen by immune electron microscopy to bind 3.6-nm fimbriae, reacted only with the fimbriated parent and not the mutants in a whole bacterial cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and could immunoprecipitate fimbriae from fimbrial extracts of FW213. Antibodies isolated from preimmune and mutant sera did not react with fimbriae in any of the above assays. Only adsorbed antibody and monoclonal antibody were capable of blocking the adhesion of FW213 to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. Adsorbed antibody, purified to immunoglobulin G (IgG), was an effective inhibitor of adhesion without causing interfering cellular aggregation. Monoclonal IgG, papain-cleaved to Fab fragments to prohibit cell-to-cell cross-linking, was also a potent inhibitor of S. sanguis FW213 adhesion. Both IgG from mutant sera and Fab fragments from normal mouse IgG could not be shown to block adhesion. These data further support the hypothesis that S. sanguis fimbriae are involved in adhesion.
Uncertainty propagation through deep neural networks (2015)

In order to improve the ASR performance in noisy environments, distorted speech is typically pre-processed by a speech enhancement algorithm, which usually results in a speech estimate containing residual noise and distortion.We may also have some measures of uncertainty or variance of the estimate.Uncertainty decoding is a framework that utilizes this knowledge of uncertainty in the input features during acoustic model scoring.Such frameworks have been well explored for traditional probabilistic models, but their optimal use for deep neural network (DNN)-based ASR systems is not yet clear.In this paper, we study the propagation of observation uncertainties through the layers of a DNN-based acoustic model.Since this is intractable due to the nonlinearities of the DNN, we employ approximate propagation methods, including Monte Carlo sampling, the unscented transform, and the piecewise exponential approximation of the activation function, to estimate the distribution of acoustic scores.Finally, the expected value of the acoustic score distribution is used for decoding, which is shown to further improve the ASR accuracy on the CHiME database, relative to a highly optimized DNN baseline.
Catalytic Pyrogasification of Biomass. Evaluation of Modified Nickel Catalysts (1997)

In a previous work, the pyrolytic gasification of biomass (wood) using a stoichiometric nickel aluminate catalyst in a fluidized-bed reactor gave near-equilibrium yields of products above 650 °C, with 85−90% gas yields and no detectable tar production. Additional tests are reported for a modified nickel−magnesium aluminate stoichiometric catalyst, to give greater physical strength, and for the addition of potassium, as a promoter. The addition of Mg in the catalyst crystal lattice did improve resistance to attrition but resulted in a minor loss in gasification activity and increased coke production. Addition of potassium had little effect. Catalyst deactivation by secondary carbon deposits was demonstrated, and regeneration of the Mg-containing catalysts by burn-off appears to be feasible. The deactivation process was experimentally simulated. A conceptual process for catalytic pyrogasification of biomass was modeled.
The Preparation of Some Surface Active Alcohols Containing the Anthracene Nucleus (1960)

The preparation of a series of homologous alcohols incorporating the anthracene nucleus is described and discussed. Certain of their physical properties, notably, surface activity and fluorescent behaviour, are examined qualitatively.
They diagnosed me a schizophrenic when I was just a Gemini. ‘The other side of madness’ (2006)

As a conclusion to this paper, the black researcher has to analyse his or her own pain in representing the voices, histories, and cultural experiences of the ‘black schizophrenic’. The researcher must also censor those who act in unethical ways. The black researcher, in giving information to white institutions, must also ensure that the professionals and the theories that pathologize are exposed. I strongly believe that the user is best positioned to understand the impact of the other, those who theorize and those who intervene into and judge their world. More specifically, whiteness must not escape structural scrutiny.No longer do I want to go into the homes of black men, as a researcher or a practitioner, and understand their lives through tools that bear no resemblance to their world. When I left the project in Birmingham, when I left that black man in hospital, and when I think of my life in this setting, it reinforces the need to assess how they are understood by the other. There is now an imperative to introduce ethnical standards in the assessment of mental illness. Users should not only be an essential part of this process, they should be part of the ethnical board that examines the practice of the theorist, the practitioner, and the researcher. More specifically in the arena of racism, the black user should be encouraged and activated to use the new Amendments to the Race Relation Act 2000 to ensure that they are consulted with and to monitor all interventions, legal, political, theoretical, and economic that may affect the relationship between racism and mental illness. The alternative is that the establishment will continue to use Christopher Clunis, who stabbed and killed whiteness, as the indicator of how black men are as the noble savage.
Absence of glaucoma in DBA/2J mice homozygous for wild-type versions of Gpnmb and Tyrp1 (2007)

These strains provide much needed controls for studying pathogenic mechanisms of glaucoma using DBA/2J mice. Given the involvement of Gpnmb and/or Tyrp1 in areas such as immunology and tumor development and progression, these strains are also important in other research fields.
Privacy-preserving data mining in the malicious model (2008)

Most of the cryptographic work in privacy-preserving distributed data mining deals with semi-honest adversaries, which are assumed to follow the prescribed protocol but try to infer private information using the messages they receive during the protocol. Although the semi-honest model is reasonable in some cases, it is unrealistic to assume that adversaries will always follow the protocols exactly. In particular, malicious adversaries could deviate arbitrarily from their prescribed protocols. Secure protocols that are developed against malicious adversaries require utilisation of complex techniques. Clearly, protocols that can withstand malicious adversaries provide more security. However, there is an obvious trade-off: protocols that are secure against malicious adversaries are generally more expensive than those secure against semi-honest adversaries only. In this paper, our goal is to make an analysis of trade-offs between performance and security in privacy-preserving distributed data mining algorithms in the two models. In order to make a realistic comparison, we enhance commonly used subprotocols that are secure in the semi-honest model with zero knowledge proofs to be secure in the malicious model. We compare the performance of these protocols in both models.
A Simple Convenient Method for the Synthesis of 1-Iodoalkynes (1995)

Abstract Reaction of terminal alkynes with ethylmagneslum bromide In THF followed by the addition of lodine In THF gives 1-lodoalkynes In excellent yields (90–96%).
Comparison of the dynamic response of radial and tangential magnetic flux thrust bearings (2002)

Theoretical predictions were made for the dynamic performance of a tangential flux magnetic thrust bearing. A prototype bearing was built with the stators and rotors made from tape wound strip. The performance of this bearing was measured and compared to the theoretical predictions and also to the performance of a radial flux thrust bearing. Tangential flux bearings are intrinsically amenable to construction from tape wound cores. Tape wound cores come in high saturation alloys like supermenduer which can give the bearing a high force to size ratio. The thin tape laminates give the bearing a broad frequency bandwidth. By comparison the paper shows that it is difficult to make a laminated rotor magnetically efficient for radial flux bearings. A test rig is described that was built to measure the performance of the tangential flux bearing. A power amplifier with current feedback provides DC and harmonic currents to the coils. A load cell was built into the test rig to measure the axial thrust, an inductive/Hall sensor was included to measure the coil current, and a Hall probe was used to measure the gap flux.
Simulation of ion trajectories through a high pressure radio frequency only quadrupole collision cell by SIMION 6.0 (1999)

A PC-based simulation to study the transmission properties of ions through quadrupolar collision cells has been developed. The simulation is based on the ion optics software SIMION 6.0, which enables three-dimensional (3D) representations of any geometry of a collision cell to be described. User-written programs simulated the application of both radio frequency and direct current potentials to the adjustable electrodes of the model. Two collision modeling programs were designed and compared, one based on viscous drag cooling which is applicable to ions of high m/z, and the other on discrete ion/neutral collision phenomena for ions of low m/z. The latter approach included an ion scattering model (the theory of which is described here) to simulate changes in trajectory with each binary collision. The models possess the ability to simulate collision induced dissociation experiments, with the user defining the fragment ion m/z of interest. The model was used to simulate ion exit energy distributions for both precursor and fragment ions to demonstrate the implications of collisional focusing on the spatial and energy distributions of the ions exiting the collision cell. Crown Copyright © 1999 National Research Council of Canada.
VANTAGENS E DESVANTAGENS ACERCA DA TRADUÇÃO NO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA (2018)

O presente artigo visa a apresentar reflexões acerca das possíveis vantagens e desvantagens do uso da tradução nas aulas de Língua Inglesa em duas escolas públicas do estado de Santa Catarina destacando algumas situações em que o ato tradutório seria justificável durante o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Língua Inglesa. Dois estudos de casos foram analisados, os quais exemplificaram os efeitos proporcionados pelo uso moderado e / ou indiscriminado da tradução do inglês para o português no decorrer das aulas. A pesquisa objetiva observar e descrever como duas professoras do Ensino Fundamental II de duas escolas estaduais de Itapema e Joinville, Santa Catarina, utilizaram a tradução durante as suas aulas e como a aprendizagem dos estudantes sucedeu-se. Os resultados demonstram que o uso ponderado da tradução pode ser vantajoso, desde que haja objetivos claros e vise à melhor aprendizagem do aluno.\n&nbsp;