gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopic Investigation of New Iron(III) and Copper(II) Complexes of a Carboxylate Rich Ligand and Their Interaction with Carbohydrates in Aqueous Solution (2014)

New tetra-iron(III) (K4[1]·25H2O·(CH3)2CO and K3[2]·3H2O·(OH)) and di-copper(II) (Na3[3]·5H2O) complexes as carbohydrate binding models have been synthesized and fully characterized used several techniques including single crystal X-ray crystallography. Whereas K4[1]·25H2O·(CH3)2CO and Na3[3]·5H2O are completely water-soluble, K3[2]·3H2O·(OH) is less soluble in all common solvents including water. The binding of substrates, such as d-mannose, d-glucose, d-xylose, and xylitol with the water-soluble complexes in different reaction conditions were investigated. In aqueous alkaline media, complexes K4[1]·25H2O·(CH3)2CO and Na3[3]·5H2O showed coordination ability toward the applied substrates. Even in the presence of stoichiometric excess of the substrates, the complexes form only 1:1 (complex/substrate) molar ratio species in solution. Apparent binding constants, pKapp, values between the complexes and the substrates were determined and specific mode of substrate binding is proposed. The pKapp values showed that d-mannose coordinates strongest to K4[1]·25H2O·(CH3)2CO and Na3[3]·5H2O. Syntheses, characterizations and detailed substrate binding study using spectroscopic techniques and single crystal X-ray diffraction are reported.
Leveraging the Activity of Tumor Vaccines with Cytotoxic Chemotherapy (2005)

Engaging the power of the patient's own immune system to actively seek out and destroy transformed cells holds great promise for cancer therapy. Tumor vaccines offer the potential for preventing cancer in high-risk individuals, preventing disease relapse after diagnosis and initial therapy, and shifting the balance of the host-tumor interaction to mitigate the progression of advanced cancers. The therapeutic activity of tumor vaccines is limited by the sheer physical burden of the cancer itself, pathways of local immune tolerance and escape active within the tumor microenvironment, and superimposed potent systemic mechanisms of immune tolerance. In this review, we describe how cytotoxic chemotherapy can be integrated with tumor vaccines using unique doses and schedules to break down these barriers, releasing the full potential of the antitumor immune response to eradicate disease.
Modified Jakes model for simulating multiple uncorrelated fading waveforms (2002)

Two ways for modifying the classical Jakes (1974) fading simulator to generate multiple uncorrelated fading waveforms are proposed. The 1/sup st/ and 2/sup nd/ order statistics of individual output waveforms are shown to agree well with theoretical expectations. The cross correlation between different waveforms is nearly zero. These fading simulators are expected to be useful in the investigations of frequency-selective and diversity-combined multipath fading channels.
Actinide Carbonte Complexes and Their Importance in Actinide Environmental Chemistry (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActinide Carbonte Complexes and Their Importance in Actinide Environmental ChemistryDavid L. Clark, David E. Hobart, and Mary P. NeuCite this: Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 1, 25–48Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00033a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00033a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2308Altmetric-Citations438LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kilogram-Scale Synthesis of a Second-Generation Dendrimer Based on 1,3,5-Triazine Using Green and Industrially Compatible Methods with a Single Chromatographic Step (2008)

A kilogram scale, divergent and iterative synthesis of a second generation, triazine dendrimer with 12 protected amines on the periphery using common laboratory equipment is reported. The route benefits from common reaction conditions, inexpensive reagents, and aqueous solvents. From the monomers, the desired product dendrimer--the last uncommitted intermediate that leads to a range of committed, generation three targets--can be obtained in 70% overall yield. Of critical importance in the execution of this divergent synthesis is the differential reactivity of chlorine atoms of trichlorotriazine. The stepwise, nucleophilic aromatic substitution of these atoms with amine nucleophiles is both the basis for the dendrimer growth as well as incorporation of solubilizing piperidine groups. Intermediates are obtained and purified through precipitation and/or extraction protocols with the exception of the final product. Isolation of the target dendrimer requires a single silica gel plug filtration. The purity of this material is assessed at >93%, a level consistent with and/or exceeding other commercially available targets.
Single-Frequency Dye Laser With 50 Ns Pulse Duration (1988)

A commercially available pulsed dye laser equipped with Hansch oscillator and intracavity etalon has been converted into a single-mode laser with less than 100 MHz bandwidth by extending the pulse duration to 50 ns and modifying the optical elements. In particular an intracavity etalon of high finesse provides for emission of a single longitudinal mode, although strong mode-pulling occurs. Further, λ/4 plates have been used in order to avoid the effect of spatial hole-burning.
Nitric oxide-mediated antiplasmodial activity in human and murine hepatocytes induced by gamma interferon and the parasite itself: enhancement by exogenous tetrahydrobiopterin (1994)

Expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase has been shown to inhibit the development of several pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, parasites, and viruses. However, there is still controversy as to whether this effector mechanism can inhibit the development of human pathogens. We now report that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) induces the elimination of Plasmodium falciparum-infected primary human hepatocytes from cultures and that the antimalarial activity is dependent on NO. Infection with the parasite alone in the absence of added IFN-gamma caused a 10-fold increase in NO formation. Both spontaneous inhibition and IFN-gamma-induced inhibition of Plasmodium yoelii-infected murine hepatocytes were increased with the addition of the NO synthase cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, or sepiapterin, which is converted to tetrahydrobiopterin. These results indicate that under in vitro conditions the parasite itself provides a signal that triggers induction of the NO pathway in human and murine hepatocytes and that NO formation in infected hepatocytes is limited by tetrahydrobiopterin availability.
Biochemical and functional characterization of aminopeptidase N expressed by human melanoma cells. (1993)

A cell surface protein expressed on melanoma cells, but not on normal melanocytes, was biochemically and functionally characterized. Microsequencing of the M(r) 143,000 affinity-purified protein revealed amino acid sequence identity to aminopeptidase N (EC 3.4.11.2). In situ expression, indirect immunofluorescence, and Western blotting demonstrated that aminopeptidase N is tightly associated with extracellular matrix components. A specific polyclonal antiserum and the competitive inhibitors of aminopeptidase N, bestatin and amastatin, inhibited invasion of an aminopeptidase N-expressing metastatic melanoma cell line through the reconstituted basement membrane Matrigel in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro digestion of Matrigel with affinity-purified aminopeptidase N revealed an enzyme-sensitive M(r) 160,000 protein. These experiments suggest a role for aminopeptidase N in melanoma invasion of basement membranes.
Covalent Grafting of <i>m</i>-Phenylene-Ethynylene Oligomers to Oxide Surfaces (2010)

Oligomeric phenylene ethynylene is potentially a useful molecule for organic photovoltaics, light emitting diodes, sensor materials, or as intrinsically porous polymers for gas storage and separation. In the former two applications, the organic molecules are supported on an inorganic material for structural support or for charge collection at an electrode. Here, a 12 repeat unit oligomer of m-phenylene ethylene is covalently attached to high surface area and planar oxide supports as an alternate route to materials development, which displays novel properties and applications due to the covalent connection to the surface. Oligomers and model dimers are attached to alkyl-azide decorated surfaces via Cu-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition or covalently linked with silane-bearing surfaces via Rh-catalyzed hydrosilylation. Surface structures and densities are verified by FTIR, TGA, transmission UV−visible spectroscopy, N2 physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy. On high-surface-area materials, hydrosilylation routes yield loadings up to 0.09 molecules nm−2, whereas on planar surfaces, densities reach 0.22 molecules nm−2, comparable to the footprint of the extended Tg side groups. Grafted molecules retain the solvation-dependent “folding” behavior of soluble oligomers as determined by solvent- and temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra of grafted oligomers suspensions. Grafted oligomers can be suspended in liquids in which the oligomers are not intrinsically soluble, demonstrating, for example, that dodecane and decalin have opposite association behavior, in spite of both their very low polarity parameters. Photoluminescence spectra are consistent with coexisting folded and unfolded oligomers when grafted, in contrast with highly cooperative changes in solution. Highly loaded surfaces show significant hysteresis upon heating, suggesting a kinetic as well as thermodynamic solvent effect. Pinene guest molecules enhance folding of the grafted oligomers, demonstrating a responsive adsorbent surface. Having demonstrated proof of concept, covalently grafted oligo(PE) materials are applicable as a new class of tunable adsorbent materials and optoelectronic materials.
A new experimental delayed wound healing model in rabbits (2009)

Chronic wounds pose important problems in clinical practice and their treatment is difficult and costly. Here we describe a new delayed wound healing animal model. Fifteen male New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. A horizontal incision 4 cm in length was made on the dorsal part of the torso and pure skin flaps were raised in front of and behind this incision. This exposed the panniculus carnosus layer and it was resected. Skin flaps were returned to their places and sutured. After a 3 week period of healing third degree burn injury was inflicted using hot metal plates both on the healed flaps and at the same location on the opposite side. Scar samples were sent for histopathological examination after healing. The wounds on the panniculectomy side healed in an average of 43.20 days but on the control side they healed in an average of 32.80 days (p < 0.05). Wound healing was slower and scars were broader and more irregular on the panniculectomy side. In our new model, addition of panniculectomy to full thickness burn injury significantly delayed wound healing with a decrease in scar quality. This is a simple, economic and effective animal model to study delayed wound healing.
ADVANCES IN SENSING GRAIN MOISTURE CONTENT BY MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS (1998)

The history of information development on the electrical properties of grain and their use for sensing moisturecontent is briefly reviewed. Basic principles of grain moisture sensing by microwave measurements are presented, including techniques for moisture content determination independent of bulk density. Recent research findings on densityindependent microwave determination of moisture content in grain are briefly summarized. Three functions of the grain dielectric properties or the wave parameters are identified from which moisture content can be determined independent of bulk density, and the performance of these density-independent functions is compared for sensing moisture content in hard red winter wheat. Results show that standard errors of performance of about 0.3% moisture content or less can be achieved by using these functions with microwave measurements at frequencies between 11 and 18 GHz. Results of these and other cited studies indicate that measurement techniques for density-independent moisture sensing in grain should provide a sound basis for development of microwave moisture meters for on-line applications.
Regional difference of high voltage-activated Ca2+ channels in rat CNS neurones (1995)

The diversity of high voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ channels in rat CNS neurones was investigated with the nystatin perforated patch recording configuration. The neurones were freshly dissociated from rat substantia nigra, ventromedial hypothalamus, tuberomammillary nucleus, nucleus tractus solitarius, hippocampal CA1 region and cerebellum. Five different types of HVA Ca2+ channels were distinguished pharmacologically; dihydropyridine sensitive L-type, omega-conotoxin-GVIA sensitive N-type, omega-agatoxin-IVA sensitive P-type, omega-conotoxin-MVIIC sensitive Q-type, and R-type which is insensitive to these organic Ca2+ antagonists. The results showed clearly that the five subtypes of HVA Ca2+ channels differ considerably in their distribution among various CNS regions.
Fibrinolysis components as prognostic markers in breast cancer and colorectal carcinoma. (1996)

The impact of prognostic markers on disease-free and overall survival reflects their relative role in tumour biology. Breast cancer and colon carcinoma can be taken as examples to demonstrate the clinical and biological relevance of 'new markers' of neoplastic disease. In breast cancer, receptor-bound urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1 seem to play an important role in the dissolution of the surrounding tissue and the formation of tumour stroma. These processes are prerequisites for invasion and metastasis. The study of 'classical' and 'new' prognostic factors showed that uPA and PAI-1 content of breast cancer tissue are strong and independent prognostic factors. Also in colorectal cancer the prognostic relevance of plasminogen activators and inhibitors was analysed. In particular, low tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) levels, as antigen or as activity, high uPA: tPA antigen ratio in corresponding normal mucosa, high levels of uPA-related antigen and activity and of PAI-2 antigen in neoplastic tissue, and high uPA (neoplastic mucosa): tPA (normal mucosa) ratio, were all parameters associated with a poor overall survival. In conclusion, all these observations show the clinical importance of plasminogen activators and inhibitors at tissue levels with respect to cancer development and survival of patients affected by breast carcinoma or colorectal neoplasia. These new prognostic markers will also permit a better patient selection for a possible adjuvant treatment.
Treatment of Convergence Insufficiency in Childhood: A Current Perspective (2009)

Recent clinical trials showed that office-based vision therapy was successful in about 75% of patients (resulting in normal or significantly improved symptoms and signs) and was the only treatment studied which was more effective than placebo treatments for children with symptomatic CI. Eye care providers who do not currently offer this treatment may consider referring these patients to a doctor who provides this treatment or consider expanding the treatment options available within their practice to manage this condition.
A deep trench isolation integrated in a 0.13um BiCD process technology for analog power ICs (2009)

This paper presents a 0.13um BiCD process (BiCD-0.13) based on a 0.13um standard CMOS technology with a superior Deep Trench Isolation(DTI). Merits of using DTI are to improve breakdown voltage, reduce parasitic transistor actions and increase area density, compared with Junction-Isolation. We simulated the stress and the device characteristics, and optimized the parameters of DTI design and process steps. It has been successfully developed the process integration of DTI into 0.13um process technology with various kinds of HV devices including ultra-low on resistance LDMOS.
Dermal Patches for the Controlled Release of Miconazole: Influence of the Drug Concentration on the Technological Characteristics (1999)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different amounts of miconazole nitrate (MIC) on the technological characteristics (drug release profile, adhesiveness, and water vapor permeability) of a nonocclusive dermal therapeutic system (DTS) for the treatment of tinea unguium infection. Artificial silk was used as a backing layer. The self-adhesive matrix was made of a mixture of Plastoid E 35 L (PL L), an adhesive hydrophilic polymer, and Eudragit NE 40 D (EU NE), a nonadhesive hydrophobic polymer able to modify the drug release. Plastoid E 35 L is a copolymer of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and neutral methacrylic ester. Eudragit NE 40 D is a copolymer of ethylacrylate and methylmethacrylate. Formulations containing different amounts of MIC, ranging from 2% to 16% w/w of the dried matrix, were designed. Drug crystals were observed by polarizing light microscopy, proving the incomplete solubilization of MIC only in the matrices containing 8% w/w or more of this compound. All systems provided an in vitro control of drug release for at least 24 hr. The amount of the drug released increased with drug loading in all DTS. The percentage of the drug released was the same in all the DTS containing detectable crystals of MIC. When the MIC was completely dissolved in the matrix, the released percentage decreased when drug loading increased. The water vapor permeability and the adhesive properties of the DTS were excellent.
Phase noise up-conversion reduction for integratedCMOS VCOs (2000)

The recent progress in standard CMOS integrated VCO design is mainly due to improved modelling and simulation techniques for integrated planar inductors. Further improvement can be achieved by focusing on the active circuitry. A discussion is presented into reducing the up-conversion of low frequency noise.
Complement Activation Pathways: A Bridge between Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Asthma (2007)

Although it is widely accepted that allergic asthma is driven by T helper type 2 (Th2)-polarized immune responses to innocuous environmental allergens, the mechanisms driving these aberrant immune responses remain elusive. Recent recognition of the importance of innate immune pathways in regulating adaptive immune responses have fueled investigation into the role of innate immune pathways in the pathogenesis of asthma. The phylogenetically ancient innate immune system, the complement system, is no exception. The emerging paradigm is that C3a production at the airway surface serves as a common pathway for the induction of Th2-mediated inflammatory responses to a variety of environmental triggers of asthma (i.e., allergens, pollutants, viral infections, cigarette smoke). In contrast, C5a plays a dual immunoregulatory role by protecting against the initial development of a Th2-polarized adaptive immune response via its ability to induce tolerogenic dendritic cell subsets. On the other hand, C5a drives type 2-mediated inflammatory responses once inflammation ensues. Thus, alterations in the balance of generation of the various components of the complement pathway either due to environmental exposure changes or genetic alterations in genes of the complement cascade may underlie the recent rise in asthma prevalence in westernized countries.
Entrapment in Calcium Alginate (2003)

Entrapment of enzymes and/or cells in alginate is one of the simplest methods of immobilization. Alginates are available commercially as water-soluble sodium alginates, and have been used for more than 65 years in the food and pharmaceutical industries as thickening, emulsifying, film forming, and gelling agents. Entrapment in insoluble calcium alginate gel is recognized as a rapid, nontoxic, inexpensive, and versatile method for immobilization of enzymes and cells (, , ).
Deep reinforcement learning with experience replay based on SARSA (2016)

SARSA, as one kind of on-policy reinforcement learning methods, is integrated with deep learning to solve the video games control problems in this paper. We use deep convolutional neural network to estimate the state-action value, and SARSA learning to update it. Besides, experience replay is introduced to make the training process suitable to scalable machine learning problems. In this way, a new deep reinforcement learning method, called deep SARSA is proposed to solve complicated control problems such as imitating human to play video games. From the experiments results, we can conclude that the deep SARSA learning shows better performances in some aspects than deep Q learning.
Applications of single tapered glass capillaries: submicrometer x-ray imaging and Laue diffraction (1994)

A submicrometer-diameter x-ray beam from a tapered glass capillary is used to image micrometer-wide metal stripes on a lithography sample consisting of a 1000-Å-thick gold pattern on a silicon wafer substrate. An image of the gold pattern with submicrometer resolution is easily observed by measuring the transmission of x-rays through the sample as it is scanned in two dimensions. The size of the x-ray beam leaving the tip of the capillary was determined to be 0.10±0.01 μm by fitting a function to data obtained from transmission and fluorescence measurements as the edge of a gold stripe was scanned across the end of the capillary. Using the same capillary, Laue diffraction was observed from a 500-μm-thick silicon wafer in a 10-s exposure corresponding to an illuminated volume of 3.9 μm<sup>3</sup>. The x-ray intensity (flux/area) of the beam leaving the pipette was shown to be 960 times higher than the intensity entering the pipette, at 6 keV. As the ability to fabricate tapered capillaries improves, many new experiments with submicrometer x-ray beams including Laue diffraction from significantly smaller volumes should be possible.