gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of complete denture occlusal contacts using pressure-sensitive sheets. (1998)

This study evaluated the efficacy of a new occlusal analysis system (Dental Prescale System) composed of pressure-sensitive sheets and a computer for analysis for complete denture wearers. In the laboratory portion of the study, the system registered values that were greater than the actual applied loads (mean 6.3 +/- 10.6 N). Clinical measurements of five parameters related to the analysis of occlusion were made using two groups: 50 wearers of nonadjusted complete dentures and 50 wearers of adjusted prostheses. An error discrimination rate of 16% resulted between the two groups. This system is capable of measuring occlusal pressure at every contact point and can be considered a useful method for occlusal analysis and patient screening.
An Approach of a Technique for Effort Estimation of Iterations in Software Projects (2006)

The estimation of effort and cost is still one of the hardest tasks in software project management. At the moment, there are many techniques to accomplish this task, such as function points, use case points and COCOMO, but there is not much information available about how to use those techniques in non-waterfall software lifecycles such as iterative or spiral lifecycles projects. This paper shows the results obtained when applying a technique to estimate the effort of each construction iteration in software development projects that use iterative-incremental lifecycles. The results were obtained from software projects of a fourth-year course in Informatics. The technique proposes the use of Function Points and COCOMO II.
Comparison of the Rheological Properties of Metallocene-Catalyzed and Conventional High-Density Polyethylenes (1996)

Dynamic measurements in a plate−plate system and steady state flow experiments in a capillary die are presented for conventional high-density polyethylenes (HDPEs) and a new type of polyolefin. The latter, the so-called metallocene-catalyzed HDPEs, are characterized by their low polydispersity and the total absence of branching. The metallocene-catalyzed materials show a different rheological behavior than commercial polyethylenes, which can be summarized as follows: (a) Higher viscosities than conventional HDPEs of the same molecular weight. The dependence of the viscosity on the molecular weight follows a power law equation with an exponent of 4.2 for metallocene catalyzed and 3.6 for conventionals. (b) For high molecular weight materials, the storage modulus overcomes the loss modulus (G‘ > G‘‘) at 190 °C in all frequency ranges. However, for conventional HDPEs, G‘‘ > G‘ at the same temperature and frequency range. (c) At long relaxation times, the values of H(τ) spectra of metallocene-catalyzed samples are significantly higher than those which correspond to a conventional sample of practically the same molecular weight. (d) Metallocene-catalyzed HDPEs are difficult to process, as sharkskin and slip-stick effects take place at very low shear rates. The onset of sharskin takes place at σc1 = 0.18 MPa, and the slip-stick regime occurs at σc2 = 0.25 MPa, independently of temperature. The values of the plateau modulus, GN° = 1.6 × 106 Pa, and the corresponding molecular weight between entanglements, Me = 1830, found for the metallocene-catalyzed materials, are very similar to those found for conventional polyethylenes. However, the activation energies of flow of the new polymers (7−9 kcal/mol) are slightly higher than those of conventional HDPEs.
Identification of a sperm cell attribute responsible for subfertility of roosters homozygous for the rose comb allele (1996)

Fertility, sperm metabolism, sperm filling of oviductal sperm storage tubules (SST), and sperm motility were compared in subfertile roosters homozygous for the rose comb allele (R/R) and fertile controls (r/r or R/r males). As expected, fertility of R/R males was less than that of controls (p < 0.0001). The metabolic rate of spermatozoa from R/R males was also lower than that of controls (p < 0.05). Likewise, filling of SST in vivo was lower (p < 0.0001) for spermatozoa from R/R males than for control spermatozoa. However, in vitro filling of SST was not different between genotypes (p > 0.05). Motility of spermatozoa from R/R males was less than that of controls (p < 0.001) as determined by an objective spectrophotometric assay. Previous researchers have concluded that subfertility associated with homozygosity for the rose comb allele is attributable to a sperm-specific phenomenon. However, the cellular mechanism(s) responsible for the subfertile status were not defined. In contrast to previous researchers, we have demonstrated that subfertility of R/R males is explicable in terms of reduced sperm transport through the hen's vagina; reduced sperm motility appears to be the major contributing factor.
Optical properties of epitaxial ZnMnTe and ZnMgTe films for a wide range of alloy compositions (2002)

Zn 1−x Mn x Te and Zn1−xMgxTe ternary wide-gap semiconductor alloys were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (100) GaAs substrates over a wide range of compositions (0⩽x⩽0.75 and 0⩽x⩽0.67, respectively). Values of the band gap were measured by photoluminescence at 12 K, and by optical reflectivity at room temperature. The wavelength dependence of the indices of refraction n of these ternary systems was also measured for these alloys at wavelengths below their respective energy gaps. The measurements were performed using a combination of the prism coupler method and reflectivity. Compilation of these results allows us to establish a set of empirical parameters for the two alloy families, that can be used to calculate the index of refraction for an arbitrary alloy composition and arbitrary wavelength. It is interesting that the values of n show a surprisingly linear dependence on the corresponding energy gaps for both these alloy systems.
On the application of computer simulation techniques to anionic and cationic clays: A materials chemistry perspective (2005)

The use of computational methods for the study of clay minerals has become an essential adjunct to experimental techniques for the analysis of these poorly ordered materials. Although information may be obtained through conventional methods of analysis regarding macroscopic properties of clay minerals, information about the spatial arrangement of molecules within the interlayers is hard to obtain without the aid of computer simulation. The interpretation of experimental data from techniques such as solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance or neutron diffraction studies is considerably assisted by the application of computer simulations. Using a series of case studies, we review the techniques, applications and insight gained from the use of molecular simulation applied to the study of clay systems (particularly for materials applications). The amount of information that can be gleaned from such simulations continues to grow, and is leading to ever larger-scale and hence more realistic classical and quantum mechanical studies which promise to reveal new and unexpected phenomena.
On the diffusion-slip flow of a binary gas mixture over a plane wall with imperfect accommodation (1987)

The diffusion-slip flow of a binary gas mixture over a plane wall is investigated analytically on the basis of the linearized Boltzmann equation of B-G-K type under the boundary condition of Maxwell's type or of diffuse-specular reflection type. The velocity field together with the macroscopic slip coefficient is obtained explicitly by an accurate analysis of the Knudsen layer formed near the wall, and the effects of imperfect accommodation of the molecules of the component gases in the mixture are clarified in some detail. The values of the diffusion-slip coefficient for various pairs of actual gases are also given together with those calculated from the corresponding coefficients obtained by other authors.
<sup>99m</sup> Tc Annexin V Imaging of Neonatal Hypoxic Brain Injury (2000)

Apoptosis may develop after HII even in brains that appear normal on diffusion-weighted and perfusion MR. These data suggest a role of radiolabeled annexin V screening of neonates at risk for the development of cerebral palsy.
Computational Intelligence and Pattern Analysis in Biology Informatics (2010)

An invaluable tool in Bioinformatics, this unique volume provides both theoretical and experimental results, and describes basic principles of computational intelligence and pattern analysis while deepening the reader's understanding of the ways in which these principles can be used for analyzing biological data in an efficient manner. This book synthesizes current research in the integration of computational intelligence and pattern analysis techniques, either individually or in a hybridized manner. The purpose is to analyze biological data and enable extraction of more meaningful information and insight from it. Biological data for analysis include sequence data, secondary and tertiary structure data, and microarray data. These data types are complex and advanced methods are required, including the use of domain-specific knowledge for reducing search space, dealing with uncertainty, partial truth and imprecision, efficient linear and/or sub-linear scalability, incremental approaches to knowledge discovery, and increased level and intelligence of interactivity with human experts and decision makers Chapters authored by leading researchers in CI in biology informatics. Covers highly relevant topics: rational drug design; analysis of microRNAs and their involvement in human diseases. Supplementary material included: program code and relevant data sets correspond to chapters.
Synthesis of fusible and soluble conducting polyfluorene derivatives and their characteristics (1993)

Abstract Conducting polyfluorene derivatives with alkyl chains—poly(9‐alkylfluorene)s and poly‐(9,9‐dialkylfluorene)s—have been synthesized by chemical polymerization utilizing FeCl 3 as an oxidizing agent. The polymers obtained are found to be soluble in conventional organic solvents such as chloroform and have been characterized by 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR. The results indicate that the fluorene moeities are mainly linked in the 2,7′‐fashion to yield the straight chain polymer. The degree of polymerization is estimated (by gel permeation chromatography) to be of the order of 10. The polymers are found to be fusible and the thermal properties of the polymers have been characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The glass transition temperature is found to decrease with an increase of the alkyl chain length. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Clinical, histopathological, and immunological responses of ponies to Ehrlichia sennetsu and subsequent Ehrlichia risticii challenge (1988)

Ehrlichia risticii has a close antigenic relationship to E. sennetsu. Sera of ponies experimentally infected with E. risticii, the etiologic agent of Potomac horse fever, consistently reacted with E. sennetsu, a human pathogen, in indirect fluorescent-antibody (IFA) testing, while human E. sennetsu convalescent serum reacted with E. risticii by IFA testing and immunoferritin labeling of cells infected in vitro. Two ponies injected intravenously with live E. sennetsu did no develop clinical illness. Subsequent injection with live E. sennetsu did not develop clinical illness. Subsequent injection with live E. risticii also did not induce any disease, in contrast to two control ponies given E. risticii without prior exposure to E. sennetsu. Both controls developed fever, anorexia, depression, dehydration, and diarrhea, which are typical clinical signs of Potomac horse fever, and had characteristic lesions of enteritis and lymph node histiocytosis at postmortem examination. E. sennetsu-exposed ponies had normal gastrointestinal morphologies and lymph node hyperplasia. Ponies primed with E. sennetsu before E. risticii challenge developed high titers of immunoglobulin G antibody which reacted against both E. sennetsu and E. risticii antigens by IFA testing. The most prominent antigenic polypeptide in Western (immuno-) blot analysis of sera collected from ponies primed with E. sennetsu before subsequent challenge with E. risticii was present in lysates of both Ehrlichia species and had an apparent molecular mass of 44 kilodaltons. This band was not prominent in Western blots performed with sera of ponies injected with E. risticii alone. Thus, injection of E. sennetsu protects ponies from clinical and pathological manifestations of the disease induced by injection with E. risticii. Immunologic cross-reactivity of the two organisms with IFA testing and strong immunologic recognition by ponies of the 44-kilodalton antigen common to the two organisms may be related to the development of protective immunity against E. risticii.
Hybrid Organic Nanotubes with Dual Functionalities Localized on Cylindrical Nanochannels Control the Release of Doxorubicin (2012)

A method to control the release of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) from cylindrical nanocapsules, known as organic nanotubes (ONTs), is reported. Co-assembly of a tube-forming glycolipid and its hydrophobized analogue yield novel ONTs with both -COOH and hydrophobic benzyloxycarbonyl groups localized on cylindrical nanochannels. The hydrophobicity of the ONTs nanochannels is easily tunable by adjusting the mixing ratio of the two glycolipids in the co-assembly process. The resultant biologically stable ONTs are able to capture Dox with high efficiency into the cylindrical nanochannels via ion complexation between cationic Dox and anionic -COO(-) , and the release of Dox from hybrid ONTs is effectively controlled by tuning the electrostatic interaction and the hydrophobicity. This controlled release by tuning the hydrophobicity of the ONTs' nanochannels greatly reduces the cytotoxicity of Dox@ONTs for HeLa cells.
Gender differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methadone substitution therapy (2015)

Even though it may be too simplistic to expect variability only in one parameter to explain inter-individual variation in methadone response, we believe that a better knowledge of gender-related differences might have significant implications for better outcomes in opioid dependence substitution therapy in women.
Administration of a dietary supplement (<i>N</i>-oleyl-phosphatidylethanolamine and epigallocatechin-3-gallate formula) enhances compliance with diet in healthy overweight subjects: a randomized controlled trial (2008)

Many studies have found that N-oleyl-ethanolamine (NOE), a metabolite of N-oleyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NOPE), and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibit food intake. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2 months of administration of an oily NOPE-EGCG complex (85 mg NOPE and 50 mg EGCG per capsule) and its effect on compliance with diet in healthy, overweight people. Secondary end-points of the study were to compare body composition, metabolic parameters, sensation of appetite, depressive symptoms and severity of binge eating. Using a parallel-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 138 healthy, overweight women (106) and men (thirty-two) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) the treatment group (seventy-one patients: fifty-three females, eighteen males) taking two capsules per day of an oral supplement or (2) the placebo group (sixty-seven patients: fifty-three females, fourteen males). Both groups observed a 3344 kJ/d energy restriction. All parameters were assessed both before onset and after 2 months on the supplement. Dropout was 6 % in the NOPE-EGCG group and 27 % in the placebo group (P < 0.001). The treatment induced a significant weight reduction in both groups ( - 3.28 kg and - 2.67 kg in NOPE-EGCG and placebo, respectively); the weight changes were not significantly different between the groups. NOPE-EGCG treatment improved insulin resistance (P < 0.001), the sensation feelings of fullness (P < 0.05), depressive symptoms (P < 0.004) and severity of binge eating (P < 0.0001).
Osimertinib (AZD9291) Enhanced the Efficacy of Chemotherapeutic Agents in ABCB1- and ABCG2-Overexpressing Cells <i>In Vitro, In Vivo</i> , and <i>Ex Vivo</i> (2016)

The overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters has been proved to be a major trigger for multidrug resistance (MDR) in certain types of cancer. In our study, we investigated whether osimertinib (AZD9291), a third-generation irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor of both activating EGFR mutations and resistance-associated T790M point mutation, could reverse MDR induced by ABCB1 and ABCG2 in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo Our results showed that osimertinib significantly increased the sensitivity of ABCB1- and ABCG2-overexpressing cells to their substrate chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in the model of ABCB1-overexpressing KBv200 cell xenograft in nude mice. Mechanistically, osimertinib increased the intracellular accumulations of doxorubicin (DOX) and Rhodamine 123 (Rho 123) by inhibiting the efflux function of the transporters in ABCB1- or ABCG2-overexpressing cells but not in their parental sensitive cells. Furthermore, osimertinib stimulated the ATPase activity of both ABCB1 and ABCG2 and competed with the [(125)I] iodoarylazidoprazosin photolabeling bound to ABCB1 or ABCG2, but did not alter the localization and expression of ABCB1 or ABCG2 in mRNA and protein levels nor the phosphorylations of EGFR, AKT, and ERK. Importantly, osimertinib also enhanced the cytotoxicity of DOX and intracellular accumulation of Rho 123 in ABCB1-overexpressing primary leukemia cells. Overall, these findings suggest osimertinib reverses ABCB1- and ABCG2-mediated MDR via inhibiting ABCB1 and ABCG2 from pumping out chemotherapeutic agents and provide possibility for cancer combinational therapy with osimertinib in the clinic. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1845-58. ©2016 AACR.
Constant-curvature loss in monomode fibers: an experimental investigation (1984)

A new technique for the measurement of constant-curvature (bend) loss as a function of bend radius is described, and it is shown that the influence of transition (microbend) losses can be essentially eliminated. Based on this technique and via the application of curve-fitting procedures and the Newton-Raphson method for two variables, a sensible equivalent step index can be obtained if stress-induced changes in the bent fiber are taken into account. However, the prediction of bend losses at other wavelengths is coarse, and it is shown that, for our fiber, agreement between theory and experiment can be considerably improved via an empirically deduced stress-induced dependence that is far stronger than predicted by published theory.
Fingerprint image enhancement using a binary angular representation (2002)

We explore a novel approach to enhancing fingerprint images using a new binary directional filter bank (DFB). Automated fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) are used to classify a fingerprint in a large volume of images. Many approaches to AFIS have been suggested, most sharing in common the idea of extracting discriminate feature representations. As part of that process, the raw fingerprints are often smoothed, converted to binary and thinned. Conventional directional methods, which have been used successfully in the past, provide representations that delineate the directional components in the fingerprint image enabling separation, and enhancement. Our binary DFB receives a binary input and outputs a binary image set comprised of directional components. Through proper weighting and manipulation of the subbands, specific features within the fingerprint can be enhanced. We propose a new enhancement approach that remains in the binary domain for the entire process. This paper provides a description of a new binary DFB and its application to fingerprint pre-processing.
Clinical immunogenicity of measles, mumps and rubella vaccine delivered by the Injex jet injector: comparison with standard syringe injection (2000)

We conclude that the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine can be safely and effectively delivered by the Injex jet injector. This device therefore provides an alternative to standard needle injection and a methodology that might reduce the risk of needle stick accidents.
X-ray transmission through a plasma window (2001)

Traditional solid window materials used for x-ray synchrotron beamlines may introduce undesirably high attenuation, or are subject to failure under high heat loads. A plasma window can in principle obviate these problems over a wide range of energies. Experiments were performed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory National Synchrotron Light Source on beamline X6A to study the transmission characteristics of a plasma window using argon as the arc gas. Measurements were made around the Ar K edge and far from resonance. The “white-line” absorption at the K edge was actually suppressed during arc operation as compared to room temperature gas at the same pressure. This is attributed to the high degree of ionization in the plasma. The relative strength of the white line to the edge jump does not seem to be a strong function of arc current at the argon K edge. Away from resonance (∼3 times the edge energy) x-ray attenuation was negligible.
Velocity estimation for OFDM based communication systems (2003)

We investigate a velocity estimation algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based communication systems. Since OFDM is a strong candidate for future mobile broadband wireless communication systems, the channel estimation, in this case two dimensional Wiener filtering, should work in a wide range of user velocities (0 to 350 km/h) and different delay spreads. To keep the channel estimation errors as small as possible, an adaptation of the filter coefficients to the current channel state must be realized. We present a modified version of a previously published velocity estimator and present error estimations to predict the reliability of the estimator. It is shown, that the estimator is very reliable compared to the accuracy requirements of the adaptive Wiener filter in a wide range of channel states. The algorithm can be applied directly to OFDM systems with transmit diversity (TD) and to OFDM MIMO systems.
Model for Heat Conduction in Nanofluids (2004)

A comprehensive model has been proposed to account for the large enhancement of thermal conductivity in nanofluids and its strong temperature dependence, which the classical Maxwellian theory has been unable to explain. The dependence of thermal conductivity on particle size, concentration, and temperature has been taken care of simultaneously in our treatment. While the geometrical effect of an increase in surface area with a decrease in particle size, rationalized using a stationary particle model, accounts for the conductivity enhancement, a moving particle model developed from the Stokes-Einstein formula explains the temperature effect. Predictions from the combined model agree with the experimentally observed values of conductivity enhancement of nanofluids.
Modeling Process Variability in Scaled CMOS Technology (2010)

Process variability has become a critical issue in scaled CMOS design. This article provides a comprehensive view on the predominant variation sources in sub-90-nm devices, their impact on device and circuit performance, and various modeling approaches for statistical circuit analysis.