gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave signal mixing by using a fiber-based optoelectronic oscillator for wavelength-division multiplexed systems (2002)

A novel microwave fiber-optic link has been proposed where the information data is up/down converted by two external modulators. The high-frequency local oscillator (LO) is generally obtained by multiplying a low frequency standard through numerous stages of multiplier and amplifiers, which is bulky and cumbersome. Recently, a new kind of fiber-based photonic oscillator has been proposed and demonstrated. Such an oscillator can generate microwaves with high spectrum purity up to 75 GHz and many interesting capabilities such as subcarrier/clock recovery and microwave regeneration have been demonstrated. We propose a new function for this microwave oscillator, i.e., photonic microwave mixing for WDM systems.
Stra13 regulates satellite cell activation by antagonizing Notch signaling (2007)

Satellite cells play a critical role in skeletal muscle regeneration in response to injury. Notch signaling is vital for satellite cell activation and myogenic precursor cell expansion but inhibits myogenic differentiation. Thus, precise spatial and temporal regulation of Notch activity is necessary for efficient muscle regeneration. We report that the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Stra13 modulates Notch signaling in regenerating muscle. Upon injury, Stra13(-/-) mice exhibit increased cellular proliferation, elevated Notch signaling, a striking regeneration defect characterized by degenerated myotubes, increased mononuclear cells, and fibrosis. Stra13(-/-) primary myoblasts also exhibit enhanced Notch activity, increased proliferation, and defective differentiation. Inhibition of Notch signaling ex vivo and in vivo ameliorates the phenotype of Stra13(-/-) mutants. We demonstrate in vitro that Stra13 antagonizes Notch activity and reverses the Notch-imposed inhibition of myogenesis. Thus, Stra13 plays an important role in postnatal myogenesis by attenuating Notch signaling to reduce myoblast proliferation and promote myogenic differentiation.
New Cellular and Molecular Immune Pathways in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (2006)

Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a multi-factorial antigen-independent inflammatory condition that profoundly affects both early and long-term function of the allograft as suggested by both clinical and experimental data. In recent years, the acute phase of IRI has been increasingly viewed as part of the innate immune response. Identification of novel molecular pathways and new insights into the mechanisms of known mediators of IRI have established links among innate immunity, adaptive immune responses and organ regeneration, and thus long-term graft function. This review approaches these novel aspects of IRI in the context of solid organ transplantation, presenting data on new observations with kidney, liver and heart allografts.
Metabolic and Cellular Profile Testing in Calves Under Feedlot Conditions: Minerals, Electrolytes, and Biochemical Components—Changes Over Time in Feedlot (1978)

The concentration of 19 mineral, electrolyte, and biochemical components in blood serum of 114 calves under feedlot conditions were measured or calculated over a 58-day period (2 days before and 56 days during a feed trail). The purpose was to evaluate the variability in the concentration of these components over time. The blood was collected on 7 sampling dates and analyzed on the day following sampling. Generally, the serum concentrations of the components that were measured varied considerably over the first 3 weeks of the feeding period and then had a tendency to level off during the 2nd part of that period.
Residues Controlling Facial Selectivity in an Alkene Reductase and Semirational Alterations to Create Stereocomplementary Variants (2014)

A systematic saturation mutagenesis campaign was carried out on an alkene reductase from <i>Pichia stipitis</i> (OYE 2.6) to develop variants with reversed stereoselectivities. Wild-type OYE 2.6 reduces three representative Baylis-Hillman adducts to the corresponding <i>S</i> products with almost complete stereoselectivities and good catalytic efficiencies. We created and screened 13 first-generation, site-saturation mutagenesis libraries, targeting residues found near the bound substrate. One variant (Tyr78Trp) showed high <i>R</i> selectivity toward one of the three substrates, but no change (cyclohexenone derivative) and no catalytic activity (acrylate derivative) for the other two. Subsequent rounds of mutagenesis retained the Tyr78Trp mutation and explored other residues that impacted stereoselectivity when altered in a wild-type background. These efforts yielded double and triple mutants that possessed inverted stereoselectivities for two of the three substrates (conversions >99% and at least 91% ee (<i>R</i>)). To understand the reasons underlying the stereochemical changes, we solved crystal structures of two key mutants: Tyr78Trp and Tyr78Trp/Ile113Cys, the latter with substrate partially occupying the active site. By combining these experimental data with modeling studies, we have proposed a rationale that explains the impacts of the most useful mutations.
Microstructure and chemical wet etching characteristics of AlN films deposited by ac reactive magnetron sputtering (2009)

The influence of the surface morphology of a molybdenum underlayer on the crystallinity and etchability of reactively sputtered c-axis oriented aluminum nitride thin films was investigated. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high resolution x-ray diffraction, and defect selective chemical etching were used to characterize the microstructure of the Mo and AlN films. 1000nm thick films of AlN with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the x-ray rocking curve ranging from 1.1° to 1.9° were deposited on 300nm thick Mo underlayers with a FWHM of around 1.5°. The Ar pressure during the Mo deposition had a critical effect on the Mo film surface morphology, affecting the structure of the subsequently deposited AlN films and, hence, their wet etching characteristics. AlN films deposited on Mo sputtered at a relatively high pressure could not be etched completely, while AlN films deposited on low pressure Mo etched more easily. Postdeposition etching of the Mo surface in Ar rf discharge prior to deposition of the AlN film was found to influence the formation of AlN residuals that were difficult to etch. Optimal rf plasma etching conditions were found, which minimized the formation of these residuals.
Evaluation of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for characterizing different virus strains (2011)

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a highly sensitive spectroscopic technique which combines the advantages of optical spectroscopy with the requirements needed for the characterization of biological nano-structures. In this study, TERS was used to investigate the applicability of this spectroscopic technique for the detection of different virus strains like avipoxvirus and adeno-associated virus. TERS spectra obtained from different particles of the same virus strain show variations in relative peak intensities and positions of most spectral features observed. These spectral variations were higher for the larger avipoxvirus particles (∅≈350 nm) than for the smaller adeno-associated virus particles (∅≈26 nm).
Development of vaccine conjugates based on Dengue virus using a staphylococcal immune evasion protein (2017)

Dengue viruses (DENV) are members of the Flavivirus family and are thought to infect up to 400 million people per annum and have the potential to lead to large epidemics with subsequent human and economic consequences. The 2 current vaccines being developed are at the clinical trial stage and focus on the induction of neutralising antibodies but there are at least 5 different serotypes of the virus and it appears that induction of immunity to any one serotype will not subsequently provide cross protection to the others. The purpose of this project is to develop an immunisation strategy that will provide protection across all serotypes. A common antigen expressed by all serotypes is designated NS1 which is a non-structural protein expressed on the surface of infected cells. However, on its own NS1 is poorly immunogenic so the intention here is to develop a vector system that combines the expression of NS1 epitopes with those of a highly immunogenic protein derived from Staphylococcus aureus the Staphylococcal immunoglobulin-binding protein, Sbi. Sbi is composed of a number of separate domains each of which has characteristic interactive properties with C3. Previous studies have shown that Sbi N-terminal domain IV (Sbi-IV) binds to C3 and its proteolytic fragments, however, the Sbi domains III and IV are essential for fluid phase consumption of C3 activating via the alternative complement pathway. In this project the domains III and IV of Sbi have been cloned and expressed in E. coli and conjugated to NS1. These can bind to complement C3, causing cleavage, and lead to the generation of C3d which is able to crosslink binding between the NS1 antigen and complement receptor 2 (CR2) present on phagocytic cells and B cells to greatly enhance a TH2 (antibody) mediated response and ultimately, the generation of memory TH2 cells to provide expansion of B cells (plasma cells) producing DENV specific neutralising antibodies.
Effects of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Captopril on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (1995)

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)1 mediates inflammation, participates in T cell stimulation by certain antigenic peptides, and influences the permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB). ACE is elevated in multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by increased BBB permeability. ACE inhibitor captopril suppresses certain immune functions and inhibits inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. We studied the effect of captopril on Lewis rat EAE, an animal model of MS. Fourteen rats with EAE were treated with captopril 30 mg/kg daily from immunization to day 21 post-immunization, and compared with 14 untreated rats. Severity scores and lymphocyte reactivity to myelin basic protein and mitogen were measured. There was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference between the mean and cumulative clinical scores of captopril-treated and untreated animals. Lymphocytes from captopril treated EAE rats at the peak of disease severity had diminished responses to MBP and concanavalin A. The data suggest a significant beneficial effect of captopril in Lewis rat EAE. Further studies including other inhibitors of ACE or of other peptidases with immune, inflammatory or BBB role, may identify potentially valuable immunopharmacologic agents.
Optimizing cubature for efficient integration of subspace deformations (2008)

We propose an efficient scheme for evaluating nonlinear subspace forces (and Jacobians) associated with subspace deformations. The core problem we address is efficient integration of the subspace force density over the 3D spatial domain. Similar to Gaussian quadrature schemes that efficiently integrate functions that lie in particular polynomial subspaces, we propose cubature schemes (multi-dimensional quadrature) optimized for efficient integration of force densities associated with particular subspace deformations, particular materials, and particular geometric domains. We support generic subspace deformation kinematics, and nonlinear hyperelastic materials. For an r-dimensional deformation subspace with O(r) cubature points, our method is able to evaluate subspace forces at O(r(2)) cost. We also describe composite cubature rules for runtime error estimation. Results are provided for various subspace deformation models, several hyperelastic materials (St.Venant-Kirchhoff, Mooney-Rivlin, Arruda-Boyce), and multimodal (graphics, haptics, sound) applications. We show dramatically better efficiency than traditional Monte Carlo integration. CR CATEGORIES: I.6.8 [Simulation and Modeling]: Types of Simulation-Animation, I.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling-Physically based modeling G.1.4 [Mathematics of Computing]: Numerical Analysis-Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation.
Marked activation delay caused by ischemia initiated after regional K+ elevation in in situ pig hearts. (1994)

Compared with unmodified ischemia, K(+)-modified ischemia resulted in marked activation delay and a high incidence of ventricular fibrillation. Based on measurements of longitudinal conduction velocity, the inhibitory effect of verapamil, and the results of experiments with high [K+]e plus epinephrine, we conclude that the marked activation delay during K(+)-modified ischemia represents conduction mediated by the slow inward current. Because the conditions produced by K(+)-modified ischemia (high [K+]e with minimal acidosis) are similar to conditions in and near ischemic border regions, we hypothesize that responses mediated by the slow inward current may occur in such regions during unmodified ischemia and may participate in the development of reentrant arrhythmias.
Adhesion comparison between thermosetting and thermoplastic resin systems based on poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin) chemistry (2002)

The application of the underfill materials has been to enhance the solder joint fatigue life in flip chip assembly, where normally only thermosetting systems have been extensively employed in industry. However, thermoplastics may be of great economic/cost interest as underfill for some low end use microelectronic products; and furthermore, such investigations could enrich our understanding of the potential thermoplastic systems. In this paper both thermosetting and thermoplastic epoxy resins were studied for the feasibility as underfill materials. The former includes basic liquid resin and advanced solid resin of different molecular weight, while the latter is the so-called phenoxy resin. The solution and hot melt approach were taken for the assembly procedure of the die shear strength test at selected solid content and curing/drying condition. The die shear strength of the systems was collected, which could enable us to get insights into the effects of aging, temperature and coupling agent, etc., for the thermosetting and thermoplastic materials.
Defense-enabled applications (2002)

Some applications can be given increased resistance to malicious attack even though the environment in which they run is untrustworthy. We call any such application "defense-enabled". This paper explains the principles behind defense enabling and the assumptions on which it depends.
DNA probe culture confirmation assay for identification of thermophilic Campylobacter species (1990)

We studied the ability of a new DNA probe-based assay system to correctly identify isolates of the thermophilic campylobacters Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and C. laridis grown in vitro. We examined 424 organisms, including 214 Campylobacter isolates and 210 other aerobic and anaerobic isolates. The probe assay, which uses a new homogeneous system in which all reactions take place within a single tube, demonstrated 100% accuracy, producing neither false-positive nor false-negative results. The assay does not, however, distinguish among C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. laridis.
Recruitment of the γ-Tubulin Ring Complex to <i>Drosophila</i> Salt-stripped Centrosome Scaffolds (1998)

Extracting isolated Drosophila centrosomes with 2 M KI generates salt-resistant scaffolds that lack the centrosomal proteins CP190, CP60, centrosomin, and gamma-tubulin. To clarify the role of these proteins in microtubule nucleation by centrosomes and to identify additional centrosome components required for nucleation, we have developed an in vitro complementation assay for centrosome function. Centrosome aster formation is reconstituted when these inactive, salt-stripped centrosome scaffolds are supplemented with a soluble fraction of a Drosophila embryo extract. The CP60 and CP190 can be removed from this extract without effect, whereas removing the gamma-tubulin destroys the complementing activity. Consistent with these results, we find no evidence that these three proteins form a complex together. Instead, gamma-tubulin is found in two distinct protein complexes of 240,000 and approximately 3,000,000 D. The larger complex, which is analogous to the Xenopus gamma-tubulin ring complex (gammaTuRC) (Zheng, Y., M.L. Wong, B. Alberts, and T. Mitchison. 1995. Nature. 378:578-583), is necessary but not sufficient for complementation. An additional factor found in the extract is required. These results provide the first evidence that the gammaTuRC is required for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome.
Current Status and Future of Intelligent Industrial Robots (1983)

This paper reviews the current status of industrial robots and discusses their future from the viewpoint of the basic key functions which will be required for future intelligent applications. Ten basic key functions are introduced as examples which satisfy the following four conditions: 1) low price, 2) high performance, 3) high reliability, and 4) simplicity. All of these functions are necessary if robots are to perform tasks more effectively in actual applications. The effectiveness of the functions are explained using ten industrial robots or robotic machines which have been developed by Hitachi.
An evidence-based approach to emergency ultrasound. (2011)

Paramedics bring into the ED an elderly man who is complaining of right-sided chest and abdominal pain. Earlier this morning, a friend had arrived at the patient's home and found him on the floor at the bottom of the stairs. The patient is in pain, somewhat altered, and unable to provide further details about what happened. After numerous attempts, the paramedics were only able to place a 22-gauge peripheral line. On examination, his blood pressure is 98/55 mm Hg, heart rate is 118 beats per minute, respiratory rate is 32 breaths per minute, oxygen saturation is 94% on a nonrebreather, and temperature is 36.0 degrees C (96.8 degrees F). His Glasgow Coma Scale score is 12 (eyes 3, verbal 4, motor 5). Given the unclear events surrounding his presentation and the concern for trauma, the patient is boarded and collared. His chest is stable but tender, and because of noise in the resuscitation room, you have difficulty auscultating breath sounds. The abdominal examination is notable for marked tenderness over the right upper quadrant and right flank, with some guarding. There is also mild asymmetric swelling of his right lower extremity. The patient is critically ill, his history is limited, and at this point the differential is quite broad. You consider the possibility of a syncopal episode followed by a fall, with a closed head injury, blunt thoracic trauma, and blunt abdominal trauma. His hypotension could be secondary to hypovolemia (dehydration or blood loss due to a ruptured aortic aneurysm), heart failure (left- or right-sided dysfunction), cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, or sepsis. Your ED recently purchased an ultrasound machine, you wonder whether bedside ultrasound can help narrow the differential and guide your resuscitation. You call over one of your new faculty members who just finished resident training; a fortunate decision for both you and the patient.
Interleukin‐34 promotes tumor progression and metastatic process in osteosarcoma through induction of angiogenesis and macrophage recruitment (2014)

Interleukin-34 (IL-34) was recently characterized as the M-CSF "twin" cytokine, regulating the proliferation/differentiation/survival of myeloid cells. The implication of M-CSF in oncology was initially suspected by the reduced metastatic dissemination in knock-out mice, due to angiogenesis impairment. Based on this observation, our work studied the involvement of IL-34 in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. The in vivo effects of IL-34 were assessed on tissue vasculature and macrophage infiltration in a murine preclinical model based on a paratibial inoculation of human osteosarcoma cells overexpressing or not IL-34 or M-CSF. In vitro investigations using endothelial cell precursors and mature HUVEC cells were performed to analyse the involvement of IL-34 in angiogenesis and myeloid cell adhesion. The data revealed that IL-34 overexpression was associated with the progression of osteosarcoma (tumor growth, lung metastases) and an increase of neo-angiogenesis. In vitro analyses demonstrated that IL-34 stimulated endothelial cell proliferation and vascular cord formation. Pre-treatment of endothelial cells by chondroitinases/heparinases reduced the formation of vascular tubes and abolished the associated cell signalling. In addition, IL-34 increased the in vivo recruitment of M2 tumor-associated macrophages into the tumor tissue. IL-34 increased in vitro monocyte/CD34(+) cell adhesion to activated HUVEC monolayers under physiological shear stress conditions. This work also demonstrates that IL-34 is expressed by osteosarcoma cells, is regulated by TNF-α, IL-1β, and contributes to osteosarcoma growth by increasing the neo-angiogenesis and the recruitment of M2 macrophages. By promoting new vessel formation and extravasation of immune cells, IL-34 may play a key role in tumor development and inflammatory diseases.
Electron and hole mobility in silicon at large operating temperatures. I. Bulk mobility (2002)

In this paper, an experimental investigation on high-temperature carrier mobility in bulk silicon is carried out with the aim of improving our qualitative and quantitative understanding of carrier transport under ESD events. Circular van der Pauw patterns, suitable for resistivity and Hall measurements, were designed and manufactured using both the n and p layers made available by the BCD-3 smart-power technology. The previous measurements were carried out using a special measurement setup that allows operating temperatures in excess of 400/spl deg/C to be reached within the polar expansions of a commercial magnet. A novel extraction methodology that allows for the determination of the Hall factor and drift mobility against impurity concentration and lattice temperature has been developed. Also, a compact mobility model suitable for implementation in device simulators is worked out and implemented in the DESSIS/spl copy/ code. Comparisons with the mobility models by G. Masetti et al. (1983) and D.B.M. Klaassen (1992) are shown in the temperature range between 25 and 400/spl deg/C.