gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Action of Cerulenin on Fatty Acid Synthetase.1 (1982)

Cerulenin, an antibiotic with the structure of (2R)(3S)-2,3-epoxy-4-oxo-7,10-dodecadienoylamide, irreversibly inactivates yeast fatty acid synthetase. Of all catalytic activities of the synthetase, only the condensation reaction is inhibited by cerulenin. At 0 degrees C and pH 6.5, the second-order rate constant of k = 88 M-1 . S-1 was obtained for the inactivation by cerulenin. This value was about 90-times greater than the rate constant for the inactivation of the enzyme by iodoacetamide. The enzyme was protected against the action of cerulenin by prior treatment with acetyl-CoA but not malonyl-CoA. Treatment of the enzyme with iodoacetamide, while impairing the synthetase activity, induced malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity [Kresze, G.-B., Steber, L., Oesterhelt, D., and Lynen, F. (1977) Eur. J. Biochem. 79, 191-199]. Cerulenin had no effect on the malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity of the iodoacetamide-treated enzyme. N-Ethylmaleimide, in contrast, inhibited the iodoacetamide-induced malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity. When the enzyme was preincubated with cerulenin, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity could not be detected even after treatment of the enzyme with iodoacetamide. These results indicated that the reaction of cerulenin with the peripheral SH-groups of the synthetase is responsible for the inactivation.
Glucose inhibits human placental GH secretion, in vitro. (1995)

Human placenta specifically expresses the GH-V gene leading to the production of placental Growth Hormone (PGH). During pregnancy, PGH levels increase progressively in maternal blood, but its regulation remains unknown. In this study the effect of glucose on PGH secretion by human term placenta was tested, in vitro, by means of two different experimental models: organ culture of villous tissue and primary culture of isolated cytotrophoblasts. PGH was assayed in the culture medium by an immunoradiometric assay using a specific PGH monoclonal antibody. The presence of glucose (25 mmol/L) in the culture medium significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) the secretion of PGH by either placental villous explants or by cultured trophoblast cells. This inhibitory effect of glucose on PGH secretion was dose-dependent. More than 50% inhibition being observed with 5.5 mmol/L. In the same conditions, the daily production of hPL and hCG, were unmodified. Furthermore, the glucose-induced inhibition of PGH secretion was more effective when cultured trophoblast cells are differentiated into syncytiotrophoblast. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that among the gestational polypeptide hormones secreted by the human placenta, only PGH secretion is modulated by glucose, suggesting a key metabolic role for this hormone during pregnancy.
Synthesis and Process Development of Ultrafine Ti Powder by Sodium Flame Encapsulation Method (2002)

Synthesis and process development of nano-size Ti powder by SFE(Sodium/halide Flame Encapsulation) method were investigated. Four concentric coflow burner was used and its flame configuration was <TEX>$TiCl_4/Ar/Na/Ar$</TEX> in order from the center. Flame has been controlled by the various processing parameters such as temperature of burner and flow rates of both <TEX>$TiCl_4$</TEX>(g) precursor and Na(g). It was found that yellow-colored flame was shown in the flow rates of 70cc/min of <TEX>$TiCl_4$</TEX>(g) precursor and 2 <TEX>$\ell$</TEX> /min of Na(g) which were regarded as optimum flame condition. The powders encapsuled by NaCl were produced having the average powder size of 250nm. The results of X-ray diffraction showed that powders from the optimized condition consisted of pure Ti and NaCl. TEM analysis confirmed that the several Ti powders of 20-100nm were encapsulated with NaCl. After removing sodium chloride by heat treatment, the spherical Ti powders with the size range of 80 to 150nm were obtained.
A Novel Approach to Fracture Characterization Utilizing Borehole Seismic Data (2007)

Abstract The Najmah, Sargelu and Marrat are the main Jurassic reservoirs in Kuwait. These fractured carbonate reservoirs with moderate to low porosity were deposited in an inner to mid ramp warm marine environment. The fracture systems play a significant role in production from these reservoirs and it is imperative to identify areas of high fracture density. It has been observed that fractures associated with certain faults have facilitated the flow in the Jurassic reservoirs. Identification of faults and associated fractures has been mainly based on 3D/2D seismic data, image logs, cores and thin sections. A recent successful exploratory well in the Arifjan Prospect located on the eastern flank of the Greater Burgan Field, has opened up a large area which was previously considered to be nonproductive. There is excellent correlation between the fractures observed in cores, image logs and those predicted from the converted component of the zero-offset VSP. After registration of the z-component image with the converted image for various prominent reflectors, the discontinuities in the reflectors in the converted component image revealed fracture swarms which could be traced away from the well bore. This technique of processing the VSP data to identify fracture clusters could form a bridge between surface and borehole data and improve confidence in predicting fracture swarms away from the well bore in addition to assisting in planning for future surface seismic and 3D VSP surveys.
Comparison of Hepatitis C Viral Loads in Patients with or without Coinfection with Different Genotypes (2004)

Hepatitis C virus genotyping was assessed for 257 chronic hepatitis C patients with viral loads above 1,000 IU/ml. Twelve patients were coinfected with more than one genotype. Their median viral loads did not differ significantly from those observed for monoinfected patients, which in turn did not vary significantly among different genotypes.
GenJam Populi: Training an IGA via Audience-Mediated Performance (1995)

The semirigid ureteroscope has a diameter of 7.2F for the distal 11 cm. and gradually enlarges to 11.9F at the proximal portion. We inserted the device in the ureter of 50 consecutive patients without the need for ureteral dilation. The instrument has 2, 0.025-inch channels (2.1F) for wires (0.025), irrigation or 250 mu. laser fibers. Flexible optical fibers and a metal sheath allow for handling as with a rigid instrument, with 2 inches of flexure at the tip without loss of vision. The instrument was inserted successfully in 26 of 27 female patients (lower ureter in 13 of 13, mid ureter in 4 of 4 and upper ureter in 9 of 10), and 14 of 23 male patients (lower ureter in 8 of 10, mid ureter in 4 of 8 and upper ureter in 2 of 5). The semirigid ureteroscope may be used for laser fragmentation of ureteral calculi in almost all female patients and in some male patients. It may be used in strictured and otherwise impassable ureters, for placement of guide wires in the intramural tunnel and to examine the entire ureter atraumatically in most female and some male patients. The device has been designed specifically for laser lithotripsy, and its development expands the indications and facility with which this technology may be used.
<title>Broadband local service offerings using free-space optical links: a network business perspective</title> (2001)

12 This paper describes a promising optical wireless broadband technology that will provide low cost broadband services to the local access `last mile' market. This paper examines the application, advantages and limitations of utilizing Free Space Optical Communications (FSOC) systems for broadband access markets. The service markets that would fully utilize FSOC technologies include metropolitan areas, BLECs (multi- tenant dwellings/business apartments), campuses, industrial parks and `pole-to-hole' neighborhood deployments. This paper will identify weather dependent link availability as being the primary consideration in defining and selecting suitable locations for FSOC-based systems. Link availability in turn determines link range, type of service, and the need for transmission diversity. This paper will describe the implications of telecom `five nines' last-mile access availability and its effect on the transparent integration of FSOC technologies into the existing fiber optic networks. This paper will also describe propagation losses and link budget requirements for broadband FSOC-based local service. During adverse weather conditions, stand-alone, FSOC-based optical wireless links typically offer path lengths of less than 200 meters while still meeting the `five nines' availability criteria. This paper will also consider `availability limited' services. These services may prove to be attractive to customers who are willing to accept broadband service on an `as available basis'. The use of availability-enhancing transmission diversity and the use of intelligent `roof-top' routing and optical wireless cross connects between buildings will also be discussed.
Practical activities : what science teaching can learn from primary classrooms (2003)

Although I have been teaching and researching in primary science for the past decade, I began my career in science teaching in secondary and tertiary institutions and my views on science teaching were formed in these environments. Because I have never been a classroom primary teacher it has only been slowly that I have come to recognise some of the unique characteristics of science teaching in primary schools and come to value them. This paper is an attempt to begin a discussion about what science teaching can learn from the culture of teaching in primary schools by examining some of the ways in which science is taught. This paper is based on research conducted for my doctorate. It was done in two parts: first a pilot study, Current Primary Science Practice, to try and get a feel for the way science is taught in primary schools in Victoria, N.S.W. and the A.C.T., followed by an in study of a term-long unit of science teaching done by four teachers at four different schools in Victoria and N.S.W, The Role of Practical Activities in Science Teaching.
Scanning laser mass spectrometer milliprobe (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScanning laser mass spectrometer milliprobeR. J. Conzemius and H. J. SvecCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 13, 1854–1860Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50035a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50035a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improving Seabed Logging Sensitivity in Shallow Water through Up-Down Separation (2007)

D043 Improving Seabed Logging Sensitivity in Shallow Water through Up-Down Separation F. Roth* (Electromagnetic Geoservices) & F. Maaø (Electromagnetic Geoservices) SUMMARY A shallow water Seabed Logging (SBL) model is presented to demonstrate that airwave removal by separation of up- and downward traveling wavefields is capable of increasing the detection depth of the SBL method by several hundreds of meters. To achieve such improvement a proper choice for the seafloor resistivity in the up-down separation processing is essential. This is illustrated by examples of normalized magnitude vs. offset (MVO) curves obtained for various assumed seafloor resistivities some of which produce processing
Optical methods for precision measurements (1989)

Contactless measuring techniques are becoming increasingly important for industrial applications. The use of a laser, solid-state detector arrays and powerful small computers leads to a very efficient fringe analysis in holography as well as in Moiré and speckle techniques. Due to the computer analysis, much more information can be extracted from interferograms, leading to higher sensitivities and accuracies. The application of different fringe analysis procedures is discussed, together with some potentials of the application of interferometry, holography, and speckle and Moiré techniques.
Establishment of content criteria of marker compounds through the monitoring of Achyranthis Radix collected from Korea and China (2012)

우슬의 지표성분인 ecdysterone과 inokosterone을 HPLC방법으로 분석하였다. 이 때 ODS 컬럼과 이동상으로 0.08% 포름산을 함유하는 15% 아세토니트릴 용액을 사용하였고, 이동상의 유속은 1.0 mL/min, 검출파장은 254 nm였다. 사용된 방법을 ICH 가이드라인에 따라 우효성을 확인하였고, 한국 및 중국의 각 지역에서 수집된 우슬 시료 93점에 대한 지표성분의 모니터링에 적용하였다. 직선회귀법에 의해 산출된 ecdysterone과 inokosterone에 대한 새로운 함량기준은 각각 0.033%와 0.020%로 나타났다. 새로운 기준을 시판되는 우슬에 적용하였을 경우 국산은 모두가 합격하였고 중국산은 92.6%가 합격하여 전체적 합격률은 95.4%였다. 새로운 기준은 지표성분의 함량이 낮은 중국산의 유통을 감소시켜 양질의 국산 생약을 보호할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Two marker compounds of Achyranthis Radix, ecdysterone and inokosterone, were analyzed by HPLC on an ODS column (<TEX>$250{\times}4.6$</TEX> mm, 5 <TEX>${\mu}m$</TEX>) with a mobile phase of 15% acetonitrile containing 0.08% formic acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a detection wavelength of UV 254 nm. The method was validated by ICH guideline and applied to the monitoring of marker compounds in 93 samples of Achyranthis Radix collected at various areas in Korea and China. The new content criteria of ecdysterone and inokosterone, established using linear regression method were 0.033% and 0.020%, respectively. When the new content criteria were applied to the quality control test of commercial Achyranthis Radix, 95.4% of total samples including 100% of Korean and 92.6% of Chinese samples were passed the test. Application of new content criteria could protect the Korean products and decrease the distribution of Chinese products with lower quality.
Adenine-N3 in the DNA Minor Groove - An Emerging Target for Platinum Containing Anticancer Pharmacophores (2007)

The minor-groove is an important receptor for enzymes and proteins involved in the processing and expression of genomic DNA. Small molecules capable of interfering with these processes by virtue of their ability to form adducts within the recognition sequences targeted by these enzymes/proteins have potential applications as cytotoxic and gene-regulating agents. Until recently, the targeting of the minor groove by platinum-based agents has been a widely unexplored opportunity. As part of this focused review on irreversible minor-groove modifying agents acting on adenine-N3, we summarize work performed in our laboratory and by our collaborators on a novel platinum-acridine conjugate, PT-ACRAMTU ([PtCl(en)(ACRAMTU)](NO(3))(2), en = ethane-1,2-diamine, ACRAMTU = 1-[2-(acridin-9-ylamino)ethyl]-1,3-dimethylthiourea, acridinium cation). The design of this agent as a non-cisplatin type pharmacophore has led to a groundbreaking discovery, the unprecedented intercalator-driven formation of platinum-adenine-N3 adducts in the minor groove of DNA. The minor-groove reactivity of PT-ACRAMTU represents a new paradigm in platinum-DNA interactions, which opens new avenues in the design of platinum-based therapeutics acting by a mechanism different from that of agents currently in clinical use.
MHPR: Multi-head Parallelism and Redundancy Disk Model (2009)

Performance and reliability are eternal topics in storage system. Nowadays, vast majority of storage system are made up of hard disk drive. The performance and reliability of hard disk drive are very important subclass of the former. So far, most researches of hard disk drive are single benefit. Some improve performance and some enhance the reliability. It is very little production which can heighten both performance and reliability at the same time. A new disk model we present fills this blank. The model not only improves disk drive performance, but also enhances reliability. The model is called MHPR (multi-head parallelism and redundancy). The models add more heads in one arm assembly, introduce redundancy and parallelism into disk. We analyze the performance and reliability in theory, and use different traces to evaluate the model in a simulator. We find that MHPR model can reduce seek time and transfer time effectively. The access time of single request is reduced. The model greatly shortens the queue time of single request in the case of two traces. So, the response of request is much faster; Response time of single disk drive is reduced by 98% and 80%, respectively in heavy workload and light workload. Using MHPR model to build RAID array, the MTTDL of this storage system can be improved 2-43 times.
Grateloupia turuturu (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) is the correct name of the non-native species in the Atlantic known as Grateloupia doryphora (2002)

Grateloupia doryphora (Montagne) Howe, originally described from Peru, has repeatedly been reported as an invasive species in Atlantic and Mediterranean waters. Various attempts to explain this species’ route of introduction have been unsatisfactory. New evidence from comparative rbcL sequence analysis and morphology suggests that this adventive species in the NE and NW Atlantic corresponds with G. turuturu Yamada, originally described from Japan. This provenance follows a well-recognized trend of invasive marine organisms that have colonized the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea from Pacific NE Asia.
A new method for extracting the counter-implanted channel profile of enhancement-mode p-MOSFETs (1997)

A new methodology is proposed to extract the nonuniform channel doping profile of enhancement mode p-MOSFETs with counter implantation, based on the relationship between device threshold voltage and substrate bias. A selfconsistent mathematical analysis is developed to calculate the threshold voltage and the surface potential of counter-implanted long-channel p-MOSFET at the onset of heavy inversion. Comparisons between analytic calculation and two-dimensional (2-D) numerical analysis have been made and the accuracy of the developed analytic model has been verified. Based on the developed analytic model, an automated extraction technique has been successfully implemented to extract the channel doping profile. With the aid of a 2-D numerical simulator, the subthreshold current can be obtained by the extracted channel doping profile. Good agreements have been found with measured subthreshold characteristics for both long- and short-channel devices. This new extraction methodology can be used for precise process monitoring and device optimization purposes.
Outcomes of colorectal cancer in the United States: no change in survival (1986-1997) (2003)

The past decade has witnessed important advances in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and treatment. To assess the potential impact of these advances on CRC survival and incidence, we evaluated recent temporal trends in the United States.Using the nine population-based cancer registries that constitute the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute, we identified primary CRCs diagnosed between 1986 and 1997. Temporal changes were evaluated for the periods 1986-1988, 1989-1991, 1992-1994, and 1995-1997. Age-adjusted incidence and relative 1-, 3-, and 5-yr survival were calculated, along with 95% CI.We identified 144,284 individuals with CRC during 1986-1997, 51.5% of whom were men. In individuals of white ethnicity, the age-adjusted incidence rates for rectosigmoid and left CRC fell over time. In addition, in white men (but not in white women), the age-adjusted incidence rates for right CRC declined. In individuals of African American/black ethnicity, the age-adjusted incidence rates for rectosigmoid and right CRC showed no significant change over time. For all sites, no significant differences in survival were seen over time in whites or blacks.The decrease in age-adjusted incidence rates over time is consistent with a decrease in CRC burden, especially among whites. However, the lack of improvement in survival over time in whites and blacks indicates that despite advances in screening and treatment, to date, no survival benefit has occurred.
Alternative Synthesis of Bilastine (2011)

Abstract A new and efficient synthesis of the non-sedating histamine H1 receptor antagonist Bilastine is reported. The new route employs a convergent strategy, with a longest linear sequence of five steps, giving slightly improved yields over the previous routes. The use of anhydrous metal-halogen exchange, hazardous ethylene oxide, and a tedious protection of the carboxylic acid function are all avoided.
L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia and Abnormal Signaling in Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons: Focus on Dopamine D1 Receptor-Mediated Transmission (2011)

Dyskinesia is a serious motor complication caused by prolonged administration of l-DOPA to patients affected by Parkinson's disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is primarily caused by the development of sensitized dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) transmission in the medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum. This phenomenon, combined with chronic administration of l-DOPA, leads to persistent and intermittent hyper-activation of the cAMP signaling cascade. Activation of cAMP signaling results in increased activity of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and of the dopamine- and cAMP-dependent phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32), which regulate several downstream effector targets implicated in the control of the excitability of striatal MSNs. Dyskinesia is also accompanied by augmented activity of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which are involved in the control of transcriptional and translational efficiency. Pharmacological or genetic interventions aimed at reducing abnormal signal transduction at the level of these various intracellular cascades have been shown to attenuate LID in different animal models. For instance, LID is reduced in mice deficient for DARPP-32, or following inhibition of PKA. Blockade of ERK obtained genetically or using specific inhibitors is also able to attenuate dyskinetic behavior in rodents and non-human primates. Finally, administration of rapamycin, a drug which blocks mTORC1, results in a strong reduction of LID. This review focuses on the abnormalities in signaling affecting the D1R-expressing MSNs and on their potential relevance for the design of novel anti-dyskinetic therapies.