gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smooth Isotonic Additive Interaction Models With Application to Computer System Architecture Design (2006)

The regression relationship between a predictor vector and a response is assumed to be smooth, additive with low-order interactions, and monotone in some of the predictors. We consider two modeling approaches. The first approach is to fit an unconstrained additive model first and subsequently impose the isotonic constraint to cause the least perturbation of the fit. The second approach optimizes the fitting criterion that includes a roughness penalty over isotonic smoothing splines. The advantage of the first approach is its modularity and ease of implementation. One can incorporate a variety of smoothing methods as building blocks of the unconstrained model. In the article we develop the theory for this approach. In particular, we show that one can use a combination of off-the-shelf smoothing, fitting, and isotonic routines. However, it is empirically shown that fitting an isotonic smoothing spline model produces superior results over a broad range of target functions. The methodology is applied to modeling computer cache miss rates, a key problem in computer system performance analysis.
An Overview of Food and Food Packaging Interactions (1988)

This paper is a brief overview of the symposium that was conducted by the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society at the Spring, 1987 meeting. Twenty-two papers were presented at the meeting on topics related to the interactions between foods and food packaging. Several papers dealt with specific topics while others were of a review nature. The objective of this introduction is to set the stage for the papers that follow in this volume.
A Staphylococcus xylosus Isolate with a New <i>mecC</i> Allotype (2012)

Recently, a novel variant of mecA known as mecC (mecA(LGA251)) was identified in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from both humans and animals. In this study, we identified a Staphylococcus xylosus isolate that harbors a new allotype of the mecC gene, mecC1. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that mecC1 forms part of a class E mec complex (mecI-mecR1-mecC1-blaZ) located at the orfX locus as part of a likely staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec) remnant, which also contains a number of other genes present on the type XI SCCmec.
Optical Detection of Radiocarbon Dioxide: First Results and AMS Intercomparison (2013)

The first results of an optical method for measuring radiocarbon concentrations, based on mid-infrared laser spectroscopy of a carbon dioxide gas sample, are presented with the theoretical bases explained in detail. The first measurements on modern and highly enriched samples show the extreme linearity of this technique over more than 5 decades. An intercomparison with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is performed both for modern and 14 C-dead samples, assessing the almost perfect agreement of their respectively measured concentration values. The main features of our technique are compared with liquid scintillation counting (LSC) and AMS, and future developments of the current setup are discussed.
CLINICAL PROFILE OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASES CASES (2012)

Background: There are very few studies are done on interstitial lung diseases (ILD) in India. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 30 patients of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) proven interstitial lung diseases in tertiary care centre. Results: Most common etiological causes of ILD were occupational (46.62%), Rheumatoid Arthritis (13.32%), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (33.33 %). Majority were in age group 40-49 years (mean age-45.23 years) and 66.5% male patients. Common symptoms were breathlessness on exertion (100%), dry cough (43.29%), anorexia (50%) and joint pain (16.65%). Clubbing and bilateral crepitations were present in 50% and 63.27% of patients respectively. X- ray chest showed reticulo-nodular pattern (60%). Restrictive pattern (96.57%) was present in majority patients in spirometry. Conclusion: Availability of non-invasive investigations like HRCT chest has increased our early recognitions of ILDs. Association of ILD in patients with autoimmune diseases must be ruled out.
Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of the fungal laccase from<i>Cerrena maxima</i> (2006)

Laccases are members of the blue multi-copper oxidase family that oxidize substrate molecules by accepting electrons at a mononuclear copper centre and transferring them to a trinuclear centre. Dioxygen binds to the trinuclear centre and, following the transfer of four electrons, is reduced to two molecules of water. Crystals of the laccase from Cerrena maxima have been obtained and X-ray data were collected to 1.9 A resolution using synchrotron radiation. A preliminary analysis shows that the enzyme has the typical laccase structure and several carbohydrate sites have been identified. The carbohydrate chains appear to be involved in stabilization of the intermolecular contacts in the crystal structure, thus promoting the formation of well ordered crystals of the enzyme. Here, the results of an X-ray crystallographic study on the laccase from the fungus Cerrena maxima are reported. Crystals that diffract well to a resolution of at least 1.9 A (R factor = 18.953%; R(free) = 23.835; r.m.s.d. bond lengths, 0.06 A; r.m.s.d. bond angles, 1.07 degrees) have been obtained despite the presence of glycan moieties. The overall spatial organization of C. maxima laccase and the structure of its copper-containing active centre have been determined by the molecular-replacement method using the laccase from Trametes versicolor (Piontek et al., 2002) as a structural template. In addition, four glycan-binding sites were identified and the 1.9 A X-ray data were used to determine the previously unknown primary structure of this protein. The identity (calculated from sequence alignment) between the C. maxima laccase and the T. versicolor laccase is about 87%. Tyr196 and Tyr372 show significant extra density at the ortho positions and this has been interpreted in terms of NO(2) substituents.
Silicon nanocrystals - a luminescence convertor applied to silicon solar cells (2003)

In this contribution we investigate an implementation of silicon nanocrystals (Si-nc) into photovoltaic in order to improve the performance of the solar cells. The Si-nc are prepared ex-situ from porous silicon and embedded into SiO/sub 2/ based spin-on-glasses (SOG) layers and deposited on standard silicon solar cell. We are presenting the photo luminescence properties of such a SOG/Si-nc layers. When such a thin film layer is deposited on the top of the silicon solar cell it behaves as a luminescence converter. The high energetic photons are absorbed by the silicon nanocrystals and transformed via luminescence mainly to red ones. The lost of these high energy photons by thermalization is therefore strongly reduced. An improvement in the spectral response at the region where the Si-nc photoluminescence excitation occurred is observed. This enhancement is due to increased carrier collections via the luminescence converter. We present the correlations between the PL of such a converter based on Si-nc and the internal quantum efficiency. When the photoluminescence of Si-nc decreases an increase in the spectral response in the region where the Si-nc excitation appears is recorded. The association of silicon nanocrystals, spin-on-glass layers and silicon based cells is promising to improve the efficiency at low-cost.
trans-Recessive mutation in the first structural gene of the histidine operon that results in constitutive expression of the operon (1975)

The first enzyme for histidine biosynthesis, encoded in the hisG gene, is involved in regulation of expression of the histidine operon in Salmonella typhimurium. The studies reported here concern the question of how expression of the histidine operon is affected by a mutation in the hisG gene that alters the allosteric site of the first enzyme for histidine biosynthesis, rendering the enzyme completely resistant to inhibition by histidine. The intracellular concentrations of the enzymes encoded in the histidine operon in a strain carrying such a mutation on an episome and missing the chromosomal hisG gene are three- to fourfold higher than in a strain carrying a wild-type hisG gene on the episome. The histidine operon on such a strain fails to derepress in response to histidine limitation and fails to repress in response to excess histidine. Furthermore, utilizing other merodiploid strains, we demonstrate that the wild-type hisG gene is trans dominant to the mutant allele with respect to this regulatory phenomenon. Examination of the regulation of the histidine operon in strains carrying the feedback-resistant mutation in an episome and hisT and hisW mutations in the chromosome showed that the hisG regulatory mutation is epistatic to the hisT and hisW mutations. These data provide additional evidence that the first enzyme for histidine biosynthesis is involved in autogenous regulation of expression of the histidine operon.
History of Texas, 1673-1779 (1936)

History of Texas, 1673–1779. By Fray Juan Augustin Morfi. Translated, with Biographical Introduction and Annotations, by Carlos Eduardo Castaneda. Quivira Society Publications, Volume VI. Part I and Part II. (Albuquerque: The Quivira Society, 1935. viii+496 pp. Bibliography and illustrations.) Get access Lawrence P. Hill Lawrence P. Hill Ohio State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 23, Issue 2, September 1936, Pages 257–258, https://doi.org/10.2307/1893278 Published: 01 September 1936
Reversible execution (1973)

The ability to backtrack, or retrace, the execution of a computer program has gained wider acceptance recently as a desired feature within a programming language. This is particularly useful in two different applications: (1) In debugging systems where the trace output is saved and can be interrogated under programmer control [1, 3]; (2) In artificial intelligence applications where one is trying to prove a certain result. It is frequently necessary to backup the proof and try some alternative path [2].
Optimal Velocity Control for a Battery Electric Vehicle Driven by Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (2014)

The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has high efficiency and high torque density. Field oriented control (FOC) is usually used in the motor to achieve maximum efficiency control. In the electric vehicle (EV) application, the PMSM efficiency model, combined with the EV and road load system model, is used to study the optimal energy‐saving control strategy, which is significant for the economic operation of EVs. With the help of GPS, IMU, and other information technologies, the road conditions can be measured in advance. Based on this information, the optimal velocity of the EV driven by PMSM can be obtained through the analytical algorithm according to the efficiency model of PMSM and the vehicle dynamic model in simple road conditions. In complex road conditions, considering the dynamic characteristics, the economic operating velocity trajectory of the EV can be obtained through the dynamic programming (DP) algorithm. Simulation and experimental results show that the minimum energy consumption and global energy optimization can be achieved when the EV operates in the economic operation area.
Compound semiconductor bonded to AlN heat spreader substrate using graded intermediate layer (2007)

The present work illustrates a novel method of bonding compound semiconductor wafers to AlN or AlN/diamond heat spreaders using a graded intermediate layer. The procedure is illustrated using In–Ga solder to bond GaSb (111) wafer to commercial AlN substrate. Thermal conductivity of three bonded structures was evaluated using the 3-ω method. The experimental measurements of thermal conductivity of the multilayer were simulated using the analysis applicable to a layered structure. The results illustrate that the thin intermediate graded layer has a thermal conductivity above that of GaSb and therefore does not form an insulating layer. Bonding ZnO (002) wafer to commercial AlN substrate using zinc film that is subsequently oxidized is illustrated. The advantages of the graded intermediate layer to bond the heat spreaders such AlN or AlN/diamond are highlighted.
Navidget for immersive virtual environments (2008)

We present a novel interaction technique called Immersive Navidget for navigation in immersive virtual environments (VE), see Figure 1. This technique, based on Navidget, allows fast and easy 3D camera positioning from simple controls. In this paper, we focus on the technical issues that are induced by the VR setups and we propose solutions to adapt Navidget to the immersive context. We show that this new approach has many advantages for navigation in immersive VEs.
CMP Process for Phase Change Materials (2009)

Since the CMP process depends on chemical and mechanical effects, the interaction with the physical and chemical properties of the GST alloy play very important roles during the CMP process. In this paper, the impact of the CMP process on a soft GST alloy will be discussed. In addition, the paper addresses how major chemical properties of the GST alloy affect the GST CMP process. For example, in order to remove the three different elements of GST material during the CMP process, it is critical to understand how the alloy's chemical behavior changes when interacting with the CMP slurries. A fully characterized GST CMP baseline process, including its process and defect results, will be presented. The methods used to optimize the CMP process and reduce post-CMP defects will also be discussed.
An experimental study on nasal absorption of gentamycin in dogs. (1994)

Drug absorptive function of the nasal mucosa has been a new and interesting subject of research in bridging rhinology and pharmacology. The authors applied a solution of gentamycin at a concentration of 40 mg/ml to 15 dogs at a dosage of 5 mg/kg for each through three routes of administration, ie, the intravenous, intramuscular and intranasal. The serum levels of gentamycin from 0 to 180 minutes after receiving the drug were determined with thin-layer scanning chromatographic method. It was found that if the bioavailability of the intravenous route was considered as 100%, the bioavailability of the intranasal route was 80.5%, and that of the intramuscular route was 42%. After giving drops of the drug into nasal cavity in above-mentioned dosage, the serum drug level reached a peak in 10 to 30 min ranging in 3.7 to 6.6 micrograms/ml. The half-life period of the drug given through this route was about three hours, indicating that the nasal mucosa is apt to be penetrated by gentamycin and allows the drug to be absorbed into the blood stream soon and maintained a long-acting level.
Magnetic Properties of the Hydrides of Selected Rare‐Earth Intermetallic Compounds with Transition Metals (1976)

ErFe2, TmFe2 and HoFe2 have been found to form stable hydrides of composition ErFe2H3.9, TmFe2H4.3, and HoFe2H4.47, when exposed to hydrogen at 3.6 × 106 Pa at room temperature. X‐ray diffraction reveals an expansion of the ErFe2 lattice parameter from 7.282 ± 0.001 to 7.828 ± 0.001 Å, the expansion of the TmFe2 lattice parameter from 7.238 ± 0.001 to 7.839 ± 0.001 Å, and the expansion of the HoFe2 lattice parameter from 7.284 ± 0.001 to 7.880 ± 0.001 Å with hydrogen absorption. Magnetization measurements as a function of temperature and field were made on these hydrides. The compensation temperature observed at 480 K for ErFe2 and 233 K for TmFe2 was shifted to 42 K and 8 K, respectively, upon hydriding. Magnetic moments measured at 4.2 K in an applied field of 120 kOe are 6.45 and 5.60 μB/FU for TmFe2 and HoFe2, respectively. These large moments arise due to the reduction of the iron moment. Results on hydrides of NdCo5 and DyCo5.2 are also presented.
Study on land-to-underwater communication (2011)

JAMSTEC is conducting research and development of communication systems between underwater and land in cooperation with research institutes and manufactures. For communication between underwater and sea surface, researches of high speed acoustic communication, underwater laser communication, and radio wave communication are performed. A part of these researches including physical research of propagation is still basic research. We achieved an 80 kbps data transmission at distance of 510 m with acoustic communication, and an underwater laser communication with 10 MHz band width at distance of 20 m.
Upconverting Nanoparticles for Security Applications (2016)

Upconversion (UC) is a nonlinear process in which the excitation energy is 
absorbed by two or more photons that leads to the emission of light at shorter 
wavelength than the excitation wavelength. In this case, near-infrared (NIR) 
light, that is, 980 nm (lower energy, longer wavelength) is upconverted to 
visible light, 400-700 nm (higher energy, shorter wavelength) by UC material. In contrast to other emission processes, UC has high internal quantumCONTENTS10.1 Introduction 291
10.2 Upconverting Nanoparticles 292
10.3 Upconversion Security Printing Prospective 293
10.4 Synthesis, Functionalization, and Scale-up 29810.4.1 Hansen Solubility Parameters 299
10.5 Toxicity Assessment 299
10.6 Security Printing Applications 30110.6.1 Red, Green, and Blue Upconversion Printing 302
10.6.2 Micro Upconverting QR Code Tags 304
10.6.3 Color-Coded Multilayer Photopatterned Microstructures ......305
10.6.4 Micro Barcodes 305
10.6.5 Tunable Lifetime Multiplexing of UCNPs 305
10.6.6 NIR-to-NIR Upconversion Security Printing 308
10.6.7 Scanning Laser Imaging of Upconversion Printing 312
10.6.8 Multicolor Nano Barcoding in a SingleUpconversion Crystal 313
10.6.9 Upconversion Polymeric Nanobers 31410.7 Readability of Upconversion Prints 314
10.8 Conclusion 315
Acknowledgments 316
References 316efciency (Haase and Schafer 2011). In the 1950s, the UC effect was rst discovered and studied intensively during the 1960s but up until 2003 it was 
observed only in bulk, transition metals or rare earth-doped phosphors 
which were suggested to have applications in the eld of detectors, display, 
and laser materials (Bunzli and Eliseeva 2011). Since then UC materials have 
found their application in solar cells, waveguide ampliers and later, they 
became applicable in rewritable optical storage nondestructive optical memory and many more potential scientic applications; and in the last decade, 
UC materials became well known in the biological eld for bio sensing, drug 
delivery, etc. (Ho et al. 2003; Kim et al 2009; Shalav et al. 2005; Suyver et al. 
2005; Vennerberg and Lin 2011; Wang and Bass 2004; Wang and Liu 2009; 
Wang et al. 2010; Zhou et al. 2015).
Generation and expansion of word graphs using long span context information (2002)

An algorithm for the generation of word graphs in a cross-word decoder that uses long span m-gram language models (LMs) is presented. The generation of word hypotheses within the graph relies on the word m-tuple-based boundary optimization. The graphs contain the full word history knowledge information since the graph structure reflects all LM constraints used during the search. This results in better word boundaries and in enhanced capabilities to prune the graphs. Furthermore, the memory costs for expanding the m-gram constrained word graphs to apply very long span LMs (e.g. ten-grams that are constructed by log linear LM combination) are considerably reduced. Experiments for lattice generation and rescoring have been carried out on the 5K-word WSJ task and the 64K-word NAB task.
[Comparison between hemolysis percentage measurement and hemiglobincyanide measurement for standardizing the evaluation of hemolytic properties of biomaterials]. (2004)

In this study, two methods--the supernatant hemoglobin spectrophotometry, i.e. hemolysis percentage measurement(according to ISO/TR 7405) and the hemiglobincyanide measurement(according to ISO 10993-4)--were used to assay the hemolytic properties of hydroxyapatite(bioceramics) and collagen (polymer). The results showed that the conclusions drawn from using the two methods were basically consistent, and the latter was more sensitive, stable and comparable. However, some of the procedures in the hemiglobincyanide method were not defined in details. So based on our experiments we have offered some suggestions and improvements, which do not deviate from ISO and ASTM standards, for hiher practicability of usig it in standardizing the evaluation of the hemolytic properties of biomaterials. Hemiglobincyanide measurement is worthy of wider application.
Algorithm 164: orthogonal polynomial least squares surface fit (1963)

integer procedure combination (m, n) ; value n; integer m, n; eommeut calculates the number of combinations of m things taken n at a tinm. If n is less than half of m, then the program calculates the combinations of m things taken m -n at a time which is the exact equivalent of m things taken n at a time; begin integer p, r, i; p:=m--n; ifn < p then beginp := n;
Recursive adaptive filter design using an adaptive genetic algorithm (2005)

An adaptive genetic algorithm for determining the optimum filter coefficients in a recursive adaptive filter is presented. The algorithm does not use gradient techniques and thus is appropriate for use in problems where the function to be optimized is non-unimodal or non-quadratic, such as the mean-squared error surface in a recursive adaptive filter. The mechanisms of the algorithm are inspired by adaptive processes observed in nature. After an initial set of possible filters is randomly selected, each filter is mapped to a binary string representation. Selected bit strings are then transformed using the operations of crossover and mutation to build new "generations" of filters. The probability of selecting a particular bit string to modify and/or replicate for the next "generation" is inversely proportional to its estimated mean-squared error value. Hence, the process not only examines new filter coefficient values, but also retains the advances made in previous "generations". Computer simulations of the algorithm's performance on unimodal and bimodal error surfaces are presented.
The bacterial pigment xanthomonadin offers protection against photodamage (1997)

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a bacterial pathogen that causes leaf blight, a serious disease of rice. Most members of the genus Xanthomonas produce yellow, membrane bound, brominated aryl polyene pigments called xanthomonadins whose functional role is unclear. We find that pigment-deficient mutants of X. oryzae pv. oryzae exhibit hypersensitivity to photobiological damage. A clone containing the xanthomonadin biosynthetic gene cluster alleviates the hypersensitivity of the pigment-deficient mutant. Extracts containing xanthomonadin provide protection against photodynamic lipid peroxidation in liposomes. These results lead us to suggest a role for the pigment, namely protection against photodamage.
Preparation of GaN Single Crystals Using a Na Flux (1997)

GaN single crystals were prepared in a sealed stainless steel tube at 600−800 °C from Ga using a Na flux and N2 from the thermal decomposition of sodium azide, NaN3. The maximum size of the crystals obtained was 2 mm. Oxygen and other impurity elements were not detected in the crystals by AES and EDX. When scaled up, this method may provide large GaN crystals for use as substrates for nitride based lasers.