gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Augmenting accountability, security and fraud detection in health data sharing systems (2016)

The U.S. government has introduced federal incentive programs to accelerate the adoption of meaningful use of electronic health records. These electronic records are expected to improve healthcare quality, reduce costs, and facilitate their sharing across different healthcare enterprises. However, electronic health data has already been subjected to various threats. The Washington Post declared 2015 as the year of the health-care hack where we saw major breaches at healthcare institutions that affected the identities of over 111 million individuals. These identities are then used to defraud health insurance programs by submitting fraudulent claims for reimbursement which are difficult to identify due to the large volume of claims received by them. Healthcare fraud already costs the country about $272 billion and this will increase in magnitude if we do not actively secure the health information sharing infrastructure. We augment the existing auditing systems within the health information sharing architecture and introduce the concept of sharing provenance which helps us identify the medical practitioner or healthcare organization that may be a source of a leak of information or the unauthorized node that fraudulently releases or acquires a particular patient's data. We develop a fraud, waste and abuse detection system that helps accurately detect suspicious medical insurance claims and provides them a rank and risk score to prioritize their investigation and maximize savings. We also secure end devices that access healthcare data to prevent unauthorized breaches of sensitive information.
Sequence Variations in the Osteoprotegerin Gene Promoter in Patients with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (2002)

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a recently discovered member of the TNF receptor superfamily that acts as an important paracrine regulator of bone remodeling. OPG knockout mice develop severe osteoporosis, whereas administration of OPG can prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss. These findings implicate a role for OPG in the development of osteoporosis. In the present study, we screened the OPG gene promoter for sequence variations and examined their association with bone mineral density (BMD) in 103 osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis followed by DNA sequencing revealed a presence of four nucleotide substitutions: 209 G-->A, 245 T-->G, 889 C-->T, and 950 T-->C. The frequencies of genotypes were as follows: GG (89.3%), GA (10.7%) for 209 G-->A polymorphism; TT (89.3%), TG (10.7%) for 245 T-->G polymorphism; and TT (25.2%), TC (53.4%), CC (21.4%) for 950 T-->C polymorphism. Substitution 889 C-->T was found in only two patients. Statistically significant association of genotypes with BMD at the lumbar spine (P = 0.005) was observed for 209 G-->A and 245 T-->G polymorphisms. Haplotype GATG was associated with lower BMD as compared with GGTT haplotype. Our results suggest that 209 G-->A and 245 T-->G polymorphisms in the OPG gene promoter may contribute to the genetic regulation of BMD.
Inhibition of cytokine accumulation and bacterial growth during storage of platelet concentrates at 4° C with retention of in vitro functional activity (1997)

The storage of PCs at refrigerated temperatures inhibits the accumulation of white cell-produced cytokines in the PCs, an effect that could alleviate cytokine-associated febrile transfusion reactions The 4 degrees C storage was also bacteriostatic, which indicates that the storage of PCs at that temperature increases safety by decreasing the potential for sepsis. Thus, the ability to store PCs at 4 degrees C may allow extension of the storage limit beyond 5 days.
The antibody crossmatch in liver transplantation. (1986)

Six hundred sixty-seven first, second, and third orthotopic liver allografts in 520 patients were reviewed to determine the effect of recipient panel-reactive antibody (PRA) and donor-recipient antibody crossmatch on 2-year patient and liver allograft survival rates. Neither a high panel-reactive antibody nor a positive crossmatch for donor-specific preformed antibody was associated with decreased patient or liver allograft survival for primary grafts or retransplants. Two patients have been given kidney transplants immediately after a liver allograft from a donor with whom each patient had an initial strongly positive donor-specific antibody crossmatch. The liver apparently removed or neutralized circulating anti-donor antibody, since the renal allografts functioned promptly and did not experience hyperacute rejection.
Acyclic triaryl olefins possessing a sulfohydroxamic acid pharmacophore: synthesis, nitric oxide/nitroxyl release, cyclooxygenase inhibition, and anti-inflammatory studies (2010)

Nitric oxide (NO) and its reduced form nitroxyl (HNO), effective vasodilation agents that can inhibit platelet aggregation and adhesion, could suppress adverse cardiovascular effects associated with the use of selective COX-2 inhibitors. In this regard, a sulfohydroxamic acid (SO(2)NHOH) substituent, that can act as a dual NO/HNO donor moiety, was inserted at the para-position of the C2 phenyl ring of acyclic 2-alkyl-1,1,2-triaryl olefins previously shown to be potent and highly selective COX-2 inhibitors. Although this new group of 1,1-diaryl-2-(4-hydroxyaminosulfonylphenyl)alk-1-enes exhibited weak inhibition of the constitutive cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and inducible COX-2 isozymes, in vivo studies showed anti-inflammatory potencies that were generally intermediate between that of the reference drugs aspirin and ibuprofen. All compounds released NO (5.6-13.5% range) upon incubation with phosphate buffer which was increased further (8.3-25.6% range) in the presence of the oxidant K(3)(FeCN(6)).The low release of HNO in MeOH-buffer (< 2% at 24 h incubation) was much higher at alkaline pH (11-37% range). The concept of designing better anti-inflammatory drugs possessing either an effective HNO, or dual NO/HNO, donor moiety that are devoid of adverse ulcerogenic and/or cardiovascular side effects warrants further investigation.
Nonlinear Optical Properties Of Liquid Crystals For Optical Imaging Processes (1986)

We present an account of two recently observed nonlinear optical imaging processes, wavefront conjugation and infrared-to-visible image conversion, in liquid crystal films. We include discussion of dynamics, efficiency, resolution, aberration correction, and noise removal in these two processes.
Immunoglobulin E and Immunoglobulin G Subclass Distribution in vivo and Relationship to in vitro Generation of Interferon-Gamma and Neopterin in Patients with Severe Atopic Dermatitis (1988)

In vitro interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) and neopterin generation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 15 patients with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and 10 healthy controls was investigated. A significant proportion of patients had an impaired capacity to secrete IFN gamma after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation in vitro and therefore IFN gamma production was significantly lower compared to controls. Neopterin generation in vitro did not differ significantly from that of controls and no correlation between in vitro IFN gamma and neopterin production could be observed in either group. Analysis of serum IgG subclass distribution showed that patients with AD. had increased IgG4 serum concentrations while IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 levels did not differ significantly from those of controls. Surface marker analysis revealed increased numbers of CD23+ lymphocytes in patients with AD which was positively correlated with the serum IgG4 and IgE concentration. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between IFN gamma generation in vitro and IgE and IgG4 concentration in vivo in AD. The data suggest that a possible dysregulation of IFN gamma, interleukin-4 or other lymphokine interleukin-4 or other lymphokine production may be related to increased IgE and IgG4 production and seems to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of AD.
Recurrent neural networks usefulness in digital pre-distortion of power amplifiers (2004)

Digital pre-distortion techniques are widely utilized in linearization of RF power amplifiers. In this paper recurrent neural networks are used to model an inverse function of the power amplifier. This function predistorts an input signal in digital domain in order to increase the linearity of the modeled power amplifier. The simulation results are presented.
Noncytolytic Inhibition of X4 Virus by Bulk CD8<sup>+</sup>Cells from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Infected Persons and HIV-1-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Is Not Mediated by β-Chemokines (2001)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) mediate immunologic selection pressure by both cytolytic and noncytolytic mechanisms. Non cytolytic mechanisms include the release of beta-chemokines blocking entry of R5 HIV-1 strains. In addition, CD8(+) cells inhibit X4 virus isolates via release of as yet poorly characterized soluble factors. To further characterize these factors, we performed detailed analysis of CTL as well as bulk CD8(+) T lymphocytes from six HIV-1-infected individuals and from six HIV-1-seronegative individuals. Kinetic studies revealed that secreted suppressive activities of HIV-1-specific CTL and bulk CD8(+) T lymphocytes from all HIV-1-infected persons are significantly higher than that of supernatants from seronegative controls. The suppressive activity could be blocked by monensin and brefeldin A, was heat labile, and appeared in a pattern different from that of secretion of chemokines (MDC, I-309, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES), cytokines (gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), and interleukins (interleukin-13 and interleukin-16). This suppression activity was characterized by molecular size exclusion centrifugation and involves a suppressive activity of >50 kDa which could be bound to heparin and a nonbinding inhibitory activity of <50 kDa. Our data provide a functional link between CD8(+) cells and CTL in the noncytolytic inhibition of HIV-1 and suggest that suppression of X4 virus is mediated through proteins. The sizes of the proteins, their affinity for heparin, and the pattern of release indicate that these molecules are not chemokines.
Targeting KRAS Mutant Cancers via Combination Treatment: Discovery of a 5-Fluoro-4-(3 <i>H</i> )-quinazolinone Aryl Urea pan-RAF Kinase Inhibitor (2021)

Optimization of a series of aryl urea RAF inhibitors led to the identification of type II pan-RAF inhibitor GNE-0749 (<b>7</b>), which features a fluoroquinazolinone hinge-binding motif. By minimizing reliance on common polar hinge contacts, this hinge binder allows for a greater contribution of RAF-specific residue interactions, resulting in exquisite kinase selectivity. Strategic substitution of fluorine at the C5 position efficiently masked the adjacent polar NH functionality and increased solubility by impeding a solid-state conformation associated with stronger crystal packing of the molecule. The resulting improvements in permeability and solubility enabled oral dosing of <b>7</b>. In vivo evaluation of <b>7</b> in combination with the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib demonstrated synergistic pathway inhibition and significant tumor growth inhibition in a KRAS mutant xenograft mouse model.
Quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry: theory, simulation, recent developments and applications (1998)

This paper is a presentation of recent key developments in quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. These key developments have been made in three areas; namely, the trapping of ions generated externally to the ion trap, the fine control of the trajectories of ions confined within the ion trap, and the ejection of ions from the ion trap. Applications of quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry that are illustrative of these developments are discussed. The origin of the quadrupole ion trap and its mode of current usage are discussed briefly. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The AirBurr: A flying robot that can exploit collisions (2012)

Research made over the past decade shows the use of increasingly complex methods and heavy platforms to achieve autonomous flight in cluttered environments. However, efficient behaviors can be found in nature where limited sensing is used, such as in insects progressing toward a light at night. Interestingly, their success is based on their ability to recover from the numerous collisions happening along their imperfect flight path. The goal of the AirBurr project is to take inspiration from these insects and develop a new class of flying robots that can recover from collisions and even exploit them. Such robots are designed to be robust to crashes and can take-off again without human intervention. They navigate in a reactive way, bump into obstacles, and unlike conventional approaches, they don't need heavy modeling in order to fly autonomously. We believe that this new paradigm will bring flying robots out of the laboratory and allow them to tackle unstructured, cluttered environments. This paper aims at presenting the vision of the AirBurr project, as well as the latest results in the design of a platform capable of sustaining collisions and self-recovering after crashes.
<I>In Situ</I> Synthesis and Cell Performance of a Si/C Core–Shell/Ball-Milled Graphite Composite for Lithium Ion Batteries (2013)

A high-capacity silicon-carbon core-shell (Si/C) supported by ball-milled graphite (BMG) was synthesized in situ using a hydrosilylation reaction and tested as an anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in the investigation of the effects of dual buffer layers of carbon shell and BMG. The Si/C/BMG sample effectively absorbed high volumetric expansion/contraction generated during charge/discharge process due to the assistance of dual elastic buffers of carbon shell and BMG. As a result, after 50 charge/discharge cycles, the Si/C/BMG electrodes still had a very high capacity of 1615 mAh/g, whereas raw Si, Si/C, and a mechanical mixture of Si/C and BMG were less than 500 mAh/g. The results of various electrochemical characterization techniques revealed that the dual buffer layers were favorable in decreasing electron and ion transfer resistance. It was also shown from ex situ TEM results that the carbon layers behaved as anti-amorphization layers decreasing the amorphization rate of crystalline Si during the alloying/dealloying of Li with Si.
Production of Cellulases and Xylanases by Trichoderma viride and Biological Processing of Lignocellulose and Recycled Paper Fibers (1996)

The production of cellulases and xylanases by Trichoderma viride L-333 was studied. Significant amounts of extracellular enzymes were obtained when submerged fermentation was performed in the fed-batch regime on cellulose-and xylan-based media with addition of sophorose and Tween-80. The culture filtrate of T. viride was used for enzymatic treatment of recycling newspaper (TMP) fibers. To elucidate the mechanism of the enzymatic hydrolysis, the fractionation and separate processing of tree different fiber size fraction were performed. The biological processing of recycling fiber caused an increase in brightness and dewatering properties. The most significant improvement was observed with unfractionated and long fiber fractions at a ratio of cellulase to endoglucanase to xylanase of 1:10:100.
Analysis of topoisomerase I/DNA complexes in patients administered topotecan. (1995)

As part of a Phase II clinical trial of topotecan, DNA breakage in vivo was measured by detecting covalent topoisomerase/DNA intermediates in peripheral blood. The ICE (in vivo complex of enzyme) bioassay was used to assess topotecan activity in the peripheral blood of patients before, during, and after infusion therapy. The results can be summarized as: (a) ICE bioassay is a specific, antibody-based assay for topoisomerase I-mediated DNA damage. Topoisomerase I/DNA complex formation can be monitored unambiguously in the absence of topotecan to establish a basal level of endogenous enzyme action on DNA; (b) infusion of topotecan significantly stimulated formation of covalent enzyme/DNA complexes. Complexes were detected within 5 min postinfusion and increased over the course of a 30-min treatment; (c) after termination of infusion, complex formation decreased by 3-4-fold within 30 min, showing that cleavage complexes quickly reseal after drug withdrawal; and (d) formation of complexes varied widely between patients. The ICE bioassay can evaluate the effects of topoisomerase I inhibitors on target tissues; thus, it may valuable in predicting response to these drugs.
Antenatal management of alloimmune thrombocytopenia with intravenous γ-globulin: A randomized trial of the addition of low-dose steroid to intravenous γ-globulin (1996)

Intravenous gamma-globulin treatment is appropriate for thrombocytopenic fetuses with alloimmune thrombocytopenia before use of weekly in utero platelet transfusions, even in severe thrombocytopenia.
Nitrogen-Containing Furanose and Pyranose Analogues from <i>Hyacinthus </i><i>orientalis</i> (1998)

Aqueous methanol extracts from the bulbs of Hyacinthusorientalis were subjected to various ion-exchange column chromatographic steps to give 2(R),5(R)-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3(R),4(R)-dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP) (1), 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-dl-glycero-d-manno-heptitol (homoDMDP) (2), 2,5-imino-2,5,6-trideoxy-d-manno-heptitol (6-deoxy-homoDMDP) (3), 2,5-imino-2,5,6-trideoxy-d-gulo-heptitol (4), 1-deoxynojirimycin (5), 1-deoxymannojirimycin (6), alpha-homonojirimycin (7), beta-homonojirimycin (8), alpha-homomannojirimycin (9), beta-homomannojirimycin (10), and 7-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-alpha-homonojirimycin (MDL 25,637) (11). The structures of the new natural products 3 and 4 were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR studies. Compound 2 was found to be a potent inhibitor of bacterial beta-glucosidase, mammalian beta-galactosidases, and mammalian trehalases, while 3 was a potent inhibitor of rice alpha-glucosidase and rat intestinal maltase. Compound 4 was observed to be a good inhibitor of alpha-l-fucosidase.
Primary sequence of ovomucoid messenger RNA as determined from cloned complementary DNA. (1980)

Ovomucoid messenger RNA (mRNAom) comprises approximately 8% of the total mRNA in the estrogen-stimulated oviduct. The recombinant plasmid pOM100 contained DNA complementary to the 3' end of mRNAom. DNA complementary to the 5' end of mRNAom was obtained from a partially purified preparation of mRNAom by polymerization by reverse transcriptase in the presence of a restriction fragment primer from pOM100. The complementary DNA mixture was amplified by molecular cloning using poly dG/dC tailing to form recombinant bacterial plasmids. Recombinant plasmids containing ovomucoid DNA sequences were selected by in situ hybridization to 32P-labeled pOM100 fragments. The longest plasmid containing ovomucoid DNA sequences was designated pOM502. The complete DNA sequence of both pOM100 and pOM502 was determined. The two plasmids appear to contain sequences complementary to the entire length of mRNAom. The nucleic acid sequence agrees with the known amino acid sequences for both ovomucoid and its N-terminal signal peptide. Highly homologous sequences occur in two regions that coincide with structural domains of the protein. Comparison of the sequence of mRNAom with that for other eucaryotic mRNAs allowed identification of possible functional regions in the mRNA molecule.
Discovery of Novel, Non-Peptide HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors by Pharmacophore Searching (1996)

Fifteen novel non-peptide HIV-1 protease inhibitors were identified by flexible 3D database pharmacophore searching of the NCI DIS 3D database. The pharmacophore query used in the search was derived directly from the X-ray determined structures of protease/inhibitor complexes. These 15 inhibitors, belonging to nine different chemical classes, are promising leads for further development. The two best inhibitors found, NSC 32180, a "dimer" of 4-hydroxycoumarin, and NSC 117027, a "tetramer" of 2-hydroxy quinone, had ID50 values of 0.32 and 0.75 microM for HIV-1 protease inhibition, respectively, and two other inhibitors had ID50 values close to 1 microM. Among the potent inhibitors, NSC 158393 not only demonstrated activity against HIV-1 protease (ID50 1.7 microM) but also exhibited promising antiviral activity in HIV-1-infected CEM-SS cells (EC50 = 11.5 microM). Validation of the pharmacophore used in the search was accomplished by conformational analysis. The binding modes of the most potent inhibitor found in our studies, NSC 32180, were predicted employing docking and molecular dynamics techniques.
Rapid detection of aneuploidy in uncultured chorionic villus cells using fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (1993)

Rapid detection of aneuploidy using chromosome-specific repetitive DNA probes and the potential diagnostic accuracy of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on interphase cells of chorionic villus samples (CVS) are presented. Analyses demonstrated the ability to correctly identify aneuploidy using FISH in uncultured CVS. Our preliminary investigation suggests that this technique offers a significant clinical potential to circumvent problems of culture, time, and cost in cytogenetic analysis.
Non-homogeneous resizing of complex models (2008)

Resizing of 3D models can be very useful when creating new models or placing models inside different scenes. However, uniform scaling is limited in its applicability while straightforward non-uniform scaling can destroy features and lead to serious visual artifacts. Our goal is to define a method that protects model features and structures during resizing. We observe that typically, during scaling some parts of the models are more vulnerable than others, undergoing undesirable deformation. We automatically detect vulnerable regions and carry this information to a protective grid defined around the object, defining a vulnerability map. The 3D model is then resized by a space-deformation technique which scales the grid non-homogeneously while respecting this map. Using space-deformation allows processing of common models of man-made objects that consist of multiple components and contain non-manifold structures. We show that our technique resizes models while suppressing undesirable distortion, creating models that preserve the structure and features of the original ones.
Development of Reversible Bonded Joints Using Nano-Ferromagnetic Particles (2015)

In this study, an efficient, simple, inexpensive and reversible adhesive bonding technology was developed to improved life cycle and recycling solutions for vehicle applications. For the purpose of remotely heating and melting the adhesive by subjecting the modified adhesive to an external electromagnetic fields, varying concentrations of commercially available nano-ferromagnetic particles were embedded in thermoplastic hot-melt adhesives using extrusion mixing process to investigate the thermal behavior and interaction with the electromagnetic field for this novel material. Furthermore, advanced deformation and temperature profile measurement techniques were used to monitor the temperature profiles of the substrates and nano-ferromagnetic particles modified adhesive film while subjected to the electromagnetic fields using infrared (IR) thermal camera and Fiber Bragg-grating (FBG) sensors. Results indicate that depending on the amount of nano-ferromagnetic particles and electromagnetic field exposure time, rapid temperature rise at targeted location (adhesive film) was observed, while the substrate/surrounding materials exhibited minimal temperature change. Overall, reversible adhesives such as the ones explored in this work show great promise in a wide range of multi-material joining applications.