gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alkoxy substituted halogenated closo-dodecaborates as anions for ionic liquids (2015)

Halogenated and alkoxylated closo-dodecaborates [B12X11OR](2-) (X = Cl, Br; R = propyl, octyl, dodecyl) have been synthesized by halogenation of the known [B12H11OH](2-) anion followed by alkylation in the superbasic medium DMSO/KOH. The obtained sodium salts were transformed by simple metathesis reactions in aqueous solution to the tetrabutylammonium ([NBu4](+)) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium ([C6mim](+)) salts. All compounds were fully characterized by heteronuclear NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, and thermal analytical measurements. Selected anions were also structurally characterized as their [Ph4P](+) salts by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The [C6mim](+) salts are thermally stable up to more than 300 °C and show clear melting points. Surprisingly, the compound [C6mim]2[B12Cl11O-propyl] having the short propyl group bound to the boron cluster shows the lowest melting point (96 °C) of all the investigated compounds. Thus this compound is a rare member of the class of ionic liquids consisting of dianions.
Research and Design Based on Web Service Technology Mobile Development (2010)

With the rapid development of Web Service technology,the development of applications the Windows Mobile smart phones,Web Service technology by Internal office network to accessinformation,to the school office at any time to understand the network of information releasebased on Web Service be used more widely。At the same time the growing popularity of smartphones,3G high-speed wireless Internet Age coming and we used the computer to complete therequired number of affairs,more and more can be done on the phone。This article describes circumstances。
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrates Directly into Naive Resting CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cells but Enters Naive Cells Less Efficiently than Memory Cells (2009)

Resting CD4(+) T cells restrict human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at or before reverse transcription, resulting in slower kinetics of reverse transcription. In a previous study, we showed that, despite this restriction at reverse transcription, HIV integration occurs in resting CD4(+) T cells, albeit with slower kinetics. In that study, the resting T cells were a mixture of memory and naïve cells. Here we asked whether the more quiescent naïve cell subset could be directly infected by HIV and, if so, whether the level of integration in naïve cells was comparable to that in memory cells. We found that HIV integrates in the naïve subset of resting CD4(+) T cells without prior activation of the cells. The level of integration (proviruses/cell) in naïve cells was lower than that in memory cells. This difference between naïve and memory cells was observed whether we inoculated the cells with R5 or X4 HIV and could not be explained solely by differences in coreceptor expression. The presence of endogenous dendritic cells did not change the number of proviruses/cell in memory or naïve cells, and deoxynucleoside pools were equally limiting. Our results instead indicate the existence of a novel restriction point in naïve T cells at viral fusion that results in reduced levels of fusion to naïve CD4(+) T cells. We conclude that HIV can integrate into both naïve and memory cells directly. Our data further support our hypothesis that integrated proviral infection of resting T cells can be established without T-cell activation.
Explicit finite difference beam propagation method: application to semiconductor rib waveguide Y-junction analysis (1990)

A novel explicit finite difference beam propagation method is developed and applied to the analysis of a strongly guiding semiconductor rib waveguide Y-junction. Its accuracy is confirmed by comparison with reported results. This method is much more efficient than the standard beam propagation method for the rib waveguide analysis.
Conference Summary (1981)

This has been a very stimulating meeting, and I think that I can speak for all the participants in this workshop in thanking the members of the Organizing Committee and also Barbara Nieman for their excellent arrangements. I especially want to express my own agreement with the practice here of interleaving theoretical and experimental talks. Even though experimentalists are not always interested in the haggles over which theories are natural, and the theorists are not always interested in where to put sump pumps, at least the format of this workshop has kept us within each other’s fiducial volumes.
Positive Interactions Promote Public Cooperation (2009)

The public goods game is the classic laboratory paradigm for studying collective action problems. Each participant chooses how much to contribute to a common pool that returns benefits to all participants equally. The ideal outcome occurs if everybody contributes the maximum amount, but the self-interested strategy is not to contribute anything. Most previous studies have found punishment to be more effective than reward for maintaining cooperation in public goods games. The typical design of these studies, however, represses future consequences for today's actions. In an experimental setting, we compare public goods games followed by punishment, reward, or both in the setting of truly repeated games, in which player identities persist from round to round. We show that reward is as effective as punishment for maintaining public cooperation and leads to higher total earnings. Moreover, when both options are available, reward leads to increased contributions and payoff, whereas punishment has no effect on contributions and leads to lower payoff. We conclude that reward outperforms punishment in repeated public goods games and that human cooperation in such repeated settings is best supported by positive interactions with others.
Family homeostasis and the physician. (1984)

Physical illness, including psychosomatic disorders, often play an unexpected role in maintaining emotional balances within the family. The outbreak of such disorders, conversely, can be utilized by the physician as a barometer of family emotional difficulties.
A new centrifugal spinnng apparatus (2006)

A new centrifugal spinning apparatus with the maximum rotation speed of 6000 rpm and the highest temperature of 300°C was developed. In particular the apparatus is characterized by a mesh heather of thin nichrome belt with many line pores, which makes possible to spin immediately after polymer fuses by heating. This apparatus is useful for the preparation of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers by using polymer blend technique.
Tumour necrosis factor-α activation of protein kinase B in WEHI-164 cells is accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Ser473, but not Thr308 (2001)

Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) may activate both cell survival and cell death pathways. In the murine fibrosarcoma cell line WEHI-164, physiological concentrations (1ng/ml) of TNF-α induced wortmannin-sensitive cell ruffling characteristic of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) activation associated with cell survival. Wortmannin also enhanced cell death induced by TNF-α in the presence of actinomycin D, confirming that TNF-α activates a transcription-independent survival pathway requiring PI3-kinase activity. Both TNF-α and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) caused a 6–10-fold wortmannin-sensitive increase in protein kinase B (PKB) activity within 5min. For IGF-1, this was associated with an increase in phosphorylation of both Thr308 and Ser473, whereas for TNF-α only phosphorylation of Ser473 was increased, even in the presence of okadaic acid to inhibit protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. TNF-α did not decrease the phosphorylation of Thr308 induced by IGF-1, implying that TNF-α neither inhibits phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) nor activates an opposing phosphatase. In WEHI cells overexpressing a form of PKB, IGF-1 increased phosphorylation of Ser473 on PKB, but not its kinase activity, whereas TNF-α failed to induce Ser473 phosphorylation or kinase activation of either overexpressed T308A or wild-type PKB (where T308A is the mutant bearing the substitution Thr308 → A). IGF-1 caused translocation of green-fluorescent-protein-tagged ADP-ribosylation factor nucleotide-binding site opener (ARNO) to the plasma membrane of WEHI cells, but this was not detected with TNF-α. We conclude that, at physiological concentrations, TNF-α activates endogenous PKB by stimulating PDK2 (increase in Ser473 phosphorylation) in a PI3-kinase-dependent (wortmannin-sensitive) manner, without causing detectable stimulation of PDK1 (no increase in Thr308 phosphorylation) or ARNO translocation. Possible explanations of these observations are discussed.
Tiliacosine and Tiliasine, two New Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Tiliacora racemosa (2001)

Two new bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids tiliacosine (1) and tiliasine (2) were isolated from the leaves of Tiliacora racemosa Colebr.. The structures of these alkaloids were established on the basis of spectral evidence and by the correlation of their spectral data with those of the congeners N-methyltiliamosine (3), tiliamosine (4) and tiliacorine (5).
A tomato <i>lipase homologous to DAD1</i> (<i>LeLID1</i>) is induced in post‐germinative growing stage and encodes a triacylglycerol lipase (2004)

A tomato lipase gene homologous to Arabidopsis DAD1 (lipase homologous to DAD1; LeLID1) was cloned and characterized. The corresponding transcript increased rapidly during germination of the seeds and reached a maximum level at four days after germination. Thereafter, it decreased rapidly. Little expression could be found in flowers or fruits. Immunoblot analyses showed that the gene products could be found in the cotyledons and hypocotyls, but not in the roots. In the cotyledons most LeLID1 could be recovered in a soluble fraction. The recombinant LeLID1 protein showed maximum lipase activity at pH 8.0. It showed high activity against triacylglycerols (TAGs) with long acyl chains, but little activity with phosphatidylcholine or monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. TAGs composed of short acyl chains could not be a substrate for the enzyme. A possible involvement of LeLID1 in fat mobilization during seed germination is discussed.
Studies on suspension and emulsion. LIV. Shrinkage of polymer emulsion film having asymmetric porous structure (1982)

Abstract It was found that the film cast on a glass plate from emulsifier‐free ethyl acrylate–methyl methacrylate copolymer emulsion when separated from there shrank and curled immediately. This film had an “asymmetric” porous structure. It was discussed the relationship between the porous structure and the shrinkage due to the residual internal stress produced during film formation.
Remote Rendering and Rendering in Virtual Machines (2016)

The remote access of computers can be accomplished numerous ways. A common remote access method is secure shell (SSH). It is possible to use SSH to access graphical interfaces by using X11 forwarding. SSH, however, uses the computer that the user is accessing from, the client, as a means to process the graphical commands. This problem can be solved by using a program called VirtualGL. VirtualGL allows the rendering to happen on the host computer and utilizes the video card on that machine allowing for a smoother experience. Virtual machines are becoming increasingly common and do not have hardware graphics acceleration natively, however, there are several techniques available to allow a virtual machine access to a graphics card.
Do Financial Incentives Influence GPs' Decisions to Do After‐hours Work? A Discrete Choice Labour Supply Model (2017)

This paper analyses doctors' supply of after-hours care (AHC), and how it is affected by personal and family circumstances as well as the earnings structure. We use detailed survey data from a large sample of Australian General Practitioners (GPs) to estimate a structural, discrete choice model of labour supply and AHC. This allows us to jointly model GPs' decisions on the number of daytime-weekday working hours and the probability of providing AHC. We simulate GPs' labour supply responses to an increase in hourly earnings, both in a daytime-weekday setting and for AHC. GPs increase their daytime-weekday working hours if their hourly earnings in this setting increase, but only to a very small extent. GPs are somewhat more likely to provide AHC if their hourly earnings in that setting increase, but again, the effect is very small and only evident in some subgroups. Moreover, higher earnings in weekday-daytime practice reduce the probability of providing AHC, particularly for men. Increasing GPs' earnings appears to be at best relatively ineffective in encouraging increased provision of AHC and may even prove harmful if incentives are not well targeted. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Document access control in organisational workflows (2007)

A collaborative workflow is a business process with a set of linked tasks. It is important to share knowledge in document format of the workflow to achieve a business objective or policy goal. When an electronic document is shared in a collaborative workflow, appropriate access controls are needed. Access control of documents involves the correlated setting of security at the document and data levels, corresponding to the sequence of workflow activities and organisational role hierarchy. This study proposes an access control mechanism for sharing electronic documents in a document-centric Workflow Management System (WfMS). A mandatory access mechanism is used to manage access control. The mechanism is demonstrated by an example of generating a quotation document using Oracle Workflow and Oracle PL/SQL.
Use of spin-on-hard mask materials for nano scale patterning technology (2008)

Amorphous Carbon Layer (ACL) and SiON system has been proven to be a good hardmask combination. These layers are formed by a high cost, low throughput CVD process. This paper discloses a reliable, low cost, high throughput process using a simple spin on layer structure. Through manipulation of various parameters, additional BARC layer is eliminated and the process is further simplified to a tri-layer structure. Also, PR/SiON/C-SOH (Carbon-Spin-On-Hardmask) system has been compared to PR / Si-SOH (Si-Spin-On-Hardmask ) / C-SOH system and found their performances are comparable. This indicates the PR / Si-SOH / C-SOH process is an economical yet comparable substitute.
Few-layer graphene growth on 6H-SiC(0001) surface at low temperature via Ni-silicidation reactions (2012)

Few-layer graphene (FLG) has been prepared by thermal annealing of SiC crystal via the surface Ni-silicidation reactions. Results reveal that the temperature plays an important role for the final FLG quality and the optimized annealing temperature is about 800 °C. The investigation of surface morphology and microstructure for the FLG sample indicates that after the rapid cooling, the carbon atoms will segregate to form the FLG layer and the NiSix particles will congregate on the top surface. The mechanism of the FLG formation on SiC surface assisted by the Ni ultra-thin layer is briefly discussed based on the experimental results.
<i>N</i>-Acylbenzotriazoles:  Neutral Acylating Reagents for the Preparation of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amides (2000)

Readily available N-acylbenzotriazoles 2a-q efficiently acylate aqueous ammonia and primary and secondary amines to give primary, secondary, and tertiary amides in good to excellent yields. The wide applicability of the procedure is illustrated by the preparation of (i) alpha-hydroxyamides from alpha-hydroxy acids and of (ii) perfluoroalkylated amides.
An Intrinsic Tonoplast Protein of Protein Storage Vacuoles in Seeds Is Structurally Related to a Bacterial Solute Transporter (GlpF) (1990)

Kenneth D. Johnson, , Maarten J. Chrispeels, An Intrinsic Tonoplast Protein of Protein Storage Vacuoles in Seeds Is Structurally Related to a Bacterial Solute Transporter (GlpF), The Plant Cell, Vol. 2, No. 6 (Jun., 1990), pp. 525-532
Characterization of pepsin-solubilized bovine heart-valve collagen (1978)

Collagens extracted from heart valves by using limited pepsin digestion were fractionated by differential salt precipitation. Collagen types were identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis and cleavage with CNBr. Heart-valve collagen was heterogeneous in nature, consisting of a mixture of type-I and type-III collagens. The identity of type-III collagen was established on the basis of (a) insolubility in 1.7 M-NaC1 at neutral pH, (b) behaviour of this collagen fraction on gel electrophoresis under reducing and non-reducing conditions, (c) amino acid analysis showing a hydroxyproline/proline ratio greater than 1, and (d) profile of CNBr peptides on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis showing a peak characteristic for type-III collagen containing peptides alpha1(III)CB8 and alpha1(III)CB3. In addition to types-I and -III collagen, a collagen polypeptide not previously described in heart valves was identified. This polypeptide represented approx. 30% of the collagen fraction precipitated at 4.0 M-NaCl, it migrated between beta- and alpha1-collagen chains on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and its electrophoretic behaviour was not affected by disulphide-bond reduction. All collagen fractions from the heart valves contained increased amounts of hydroxylysine when compared with type-I and -III collagens from other tissues. The presence of beta- and gamma-chains and higher aggregates in pepsin-solubilized collagen indicated that these collagens were highly cross-linked and suggested that some of these cross-links involved the triple-helical regions of the molecule. It is likely that the higher hydroxylysine content of heart-valve collagen is responsible for the high degree of intermolecular cross-linking and may be the result of an adaptive mechanism for the specialized function of these tissues.
Making the link (2010)

An NHS trust is using the web to support the independent sector, writes Mary-Claire Mason
Activation and Control of Complement, Inflammation, and Infection Associated with the Use of Biomedical Polymers (2000)

It is generally acknowledged that artificial biomaterials are much less immunologically active than transplants or tissue derived biomaterials. However, activation of both the coagulation cascade and the complement system is a common occurrence when human blood is exposed to biomaterial surfaces during extracorporeal procedures, such as renal hemodialysis or cardiopulmonary bypass. Both individual and collective activation of these cascades often produce local and systemic effects. A number of complement activation products function as the mediators of inflammation. They serve as ligands for specific receptors on polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and other cells. Such an interaction leads to induction of cellular responses in adhered cells, including release of oxidative products, lysosomal enzymes, or both, which often contribute to a number of pathologic conditions. Most pathogens invading the human body are attacked by the immune system directly following entry, especially when they are in contact with blood. However, bacteria and parasites have developed a large number of specific strategies to overcome immune defense among others by avoiding either recognition or eradication by complement. In this aspect, of concern are several microorganisms responsible for formation of antibiotic resistant biofilms on biomaterial surfaces, namely Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Measuring channel capacity to distinguish undue influence (2009)

The channel capacity of a program is a quantitative measure of the amount of control that the inputs to a program have over its outputs. Because it corresponds to worst-case assumptions about the probability distribution over those inputs, it is particularly appropriate for security applications where the inputs are under the control of an adversary. We introduce a family of complementary techniques for measuring channel capacity automatically using a decision procedure (SAT or #SAT solver), which give either exact or narrow probabilistic bounds.
Effect of thymic extract 'thymostimulin' on the incidence of infections and myelotoxicity during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. (1989)

A clinical trial was made to evaluate the effectiveness of thymostimulin (TST), a bovine thymic extract, in preventing infections in breast cancer patients treated with polychemotherapy. Fifty-one women treated with adjuvant CMF were randomly divided into two groups: 25 patients received TST plus chemotherapy and 26 patients were subjected to chemotherapy only. Periodic clinical and laboratory checks were performed for at least three months to monitor the occurrence of infections and variations in immunological parameters. Infections (mostly cystitis, conjunctivitis and stomatomucositis) were observed in 37% of the TST treated patients and in 77% of the controls. (p less than 0.005). Serum immunoglobulin concentrations in the two groups were not significantly different, while quantitative analysis of peripheral T lymphocyte subsets showed a higher incidence of decreased T4/T8 ratio in the control group (p = 0.055). Finally, there was a significantly lower incidence of myelotoxicity in the TST treated patients (p less than 0.0005). In conclusion, thymostimulin seems effective in preventing some of the commonest side effects of cancer chemotherapy.
LAG‐3 (CD223) reduces macrophage and dendritic cell differentiation from monocyte precursors (2005)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules expressed on monocytes may play a role in the control of differentiation of antigen-presenting cells. A soluble LAG-3 (CD223) molecule (sLAG-3) is a natural, high-affinity ligand for MHC class II. It is known to induce maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro and is used as a vaccine adjuvant to induce CD4 T helper type 1 responses and CD8 T-cell responses in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that sLAG-3 (but not an MHC class II-specific monoclonal antibody) reduces the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as well as their differentiation into dendritic cells in the presence of GM-CSF and interleukin-4, as shown by a decrease in CD14 and CD1a expression, respectively. Dendritic cells derived from monocytes in the presence of sLAG-3 showed impaired antigen-presentation function, as assessed by the reduced capability to induce proliferation of T cells. Our results suggest that activated LAG-3(+) lymphocytes present at sites of inflammation may reduce the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages or fully competent antigen-presenting dendritic cells, thus limiting the magnitude of the ongoing T-cell immune responses.
The Antimicrobial Peptide PR‐39 has a Protective Effect Against HeLa Cell Apoptosis (2007)

PR-39 is a cathelicidin with antimicrobial properties, which acts as a suppressor of inflammation and exerts a number of additional activities. We investigated for the first time the effect of PR-39 on human cells, by addressing the possible interference with HeLa cell metabolism. We observed that the continuous administration of PR-39 to HeLa cell cultures was not cytotoxic and did not interfere with DNA synthesis. When used in combination with a panel of drugs inducing apoptosis through different mechanisms of action, i.e. etoposide, bleomycin, tert-butylhydroperoxide and 2-deoxy-d-ribose, PR-39 attenuated the apoptotic response of HeLa cells.