gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of hyperphosphatemia (2006)

Hyperphosphatemia is a well recognized risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in dialysis patients. Despite advanced technology and regular and efficient dialysis treatment the prevalence of hyperphosphatemia is still high. The goal of normalization of serum phosphorus (iP) levels can only be reached by optimization of dialysis prescription in combination with individualized dietary and medical strategies. Due to the unique characteristics of intradialytic iP kinetics, dialysis treatment time and frequency are the most effective factors governing intradialytic iP removal. Although the combination of diffusive and convective removal by hemodiafiltration allows a further increase in iP mass removal, a neutral phosphorus balance without dietary restrictions and the use of phosphate binders has only be achieved by daily nocturnal hemodialysis. Strict dietary phosphate restriction bears the risk of inadequate protein intake and the development of protein/calorie malnutrition. Although phosphate binders (PB) can effectively lower serum iP levels into the normal range, this is rarely achieved in clinical practice probably due to inadequate relation of PB dose to dietary phosphorus intake. Developing methods to enable patients to self-adjust phosphate binder dose to individual meal phosphate content, similar to adjusting insulin dose to carbohydrate intake, may lead to further improvements in phosphate management.
Atomic beam spectrometer for surface investigations (1976)

An atomic beam spectrometer for the study of the interactions of neutral rare gas atoms with solid surfaces is described. These atoms, preferably neon atoms, have a very low kinetic energy, in the order of only a few meV, so that energy gains or energy losses by surface phonon processes can be detected. The change of the momentum of these particles is given by the preset scattering angle.
VERIFICATION MODEL STRUCTURES FOR DIGITAL SYSTEMS DESIGN (2003)

Abstract Exponential computational complexity of digital systems formal verification algorithms excludes any possibilities of full-automatic verification of complex digital systems. On the other hand, the informal design simulation is also impractical time-consuming. Probably, the possible outcome is to form a verification strategy which, on one hand would combine both approaches, and on the other hand would include a guide to issue verifications algorithms-and-tools appropriate for a given design. It implies a characterization of both verification algorithms and design process. In fact, it means a structurization of various models of design, which are used both explicitly and implicitly during design verification activity. This paper, relying on the previous experience in testability design planning [1] as well as corrent publications in formal verification areas considers some possibilities of planning of digital systems verification activity to achieve high degree of functional verification. Key words: formal verification, design verification, digital circuits simulation.
Advanced Electric Drives for Aerospace More Electric Architectures (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses the problem of obtaining electric machines (EM) for advanced electric drives (AED) used in more electric architecture (MEA) applicable to aircraft, spacecraft, and military ground vehicles. The AED are analyzed by those aspects of Six Sigma theory that relate to critical-to-quality (CTQ) subjects. Using this approach, weight, volume, reliability, efficiency, and cost CTQ are addressed to develop a balance among them, resulting in an optimized system. The influence of machine controllers and system considerations is discussed. As a part of the machine evaluation process, speeds, bearings, complexities, rotor mechanical and thermal limitations, torque pulsations, currents, and power densities are considered. A methodology for electric machine selection is demonstrated. An example of high-speed, high-performance machine application is shown. A system approach is used for overall electric machine selection and optimization. The presented material is a synopsis of the extensive engineering experience accumulated in Honeywell International.</div>
ENDOR and ESEEM studies of ion radicals of artificial dimethoxy- or halogen-1,4-benzoquinones with an alkyl side chain of differing length (1992)

ENDOR measurements of anion radicals of artificial dimethoxy- or halo-1,4-benzoquinones with an alkyl side chain of differing length in solution yield a number of proton isotropic hyperfine constants. Analysis of the constants obtained gives the orientation of substituents relative to the quinone plane. ESEEM measurements of the ion radicals in frozen solutions of deuteriated solvents indicate that the cation, but not the anion, radicals experience a strong interaction with solvent deuterium, which is hydrogen bonded to the quinone oxygen.
Characterization of Gaseous Helium Flow Cryogen in a Flexible Cryostat for Naval Applications of High Temperature Superconductors (2007)

A fifty meter proof of concept demonstrator was developed utilizing gaseous helium as a cryogen for the use in a high temperature superconductor (HTS) based degaussing system for use on Navy ships. Increased signature requirements as Navy future missions move into littoral waters have resulted in a new copper degaussing system. This system has an increased weight and installation cost because of the additional copper cable required. High temperature superconductors have been suggested as a replacement to the copper based cable to reduce system weight while maintaining the desired ship's magnetic signature. A feasibility study was conducted in 2004 that showed that a superconductive system provided the same performance at a lower cost and at a lower system weight. Many terrestrial superconducting cable projects use liquid nitrogen as the cryogen to keep the cable cold. However, an inert, gaseous cryogen would be preferred for naval applications, but such a cooling system has never been demonstrated in a power cable. This paper describes the experimental setup and preliminary results of testing a helium cooled loop for use in a HTS based degaussing system.
A Combined Healthy Lifestyle Score and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in a Large Cohort Study (2009)

Findings from this large study suggest that having a high score, as opposed to a low score, on an index combining 5 modifiable lifestyle factors substantially reduces the risk of developing pancreatic cancer.
National Prescription Patterns of Antidepressants in the Treatment of Adults With Major Depression in the US Between 1996 and 2015: A Population Representative Survey Based Analysis (2020)

Few studies have delineated the real-world, long-term trends of prescription patterns of antidepressants for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aims to describe their vicissitudes in the nationally representative sample of the US from 1996 to 2015 and explore their characteristics. We used the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a nationally representative database of the US population, between 1996 and 2015. We estimated the prevalence of MDD among adults, calculated the proportions of those on antidepressant treatment as well as those on specific drugs through the two decades, and determined their dosages in 2015. We conducted multivariable regression to find possible factors related to their suboptimal prescriptions. The prevalence of adults diagnosed with MDD increased from 6.1% (95% CI, 5.7-6.6%) in 1996 to 10.4% (9.7-11.1%) in 2015. The proportion of patients without any antidepressant therapy decreased but still accounted for 30.6% (28.3-33.1%) in 2015. Sertraline and fluoxetine were among the most frequently prescribed antidepressants throughout the 20 years, while the trend for some new drugs changed dramatically. 16.1% (12.5-20.2%) of patients of MDD on antidepressant monotherapy were prescribed with suboptimal doses in 2015; the risk was lower for those who had higher Body Mass Index (OR 0.94 [0.90-0.99]), longer-term prescriptions (OR 0.92 [0.87-0.97]), and the risk was higher for those who were prescribed with tricyclic antidepressants (OR 11.21 [2.12-59.34], compared with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)), and antidepressants other than SSRIs and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (OR 4.12 [1.95, 8.73], compared with SSRIs). This study confirmed the growing numbers of patients with MDD and the increase in the antidepressant prescriptions among them. However, the existence of patients without any antidepressant prescriptions or with suboptimal prescriptions and the variable prescription patterns through the decades might suggest some unresolved gaps between evidence and practice.
A comparison of the effects of a series of anti‐anginal agents in a novel canine model of transient myocardial ischaemia (1989)

1. An anaesthetized canine model of transient myocardial ischemia (TMI) has been developed in which reproducible and reversible electrocardiographic (ECG) and haemodynamic responses are exacerbated by electrical pacing. 2. The model could separate the ECG and haemodynamic effects of compounds with anti-ischaemic properties. 3. Compounds known to possess peripheral or coronary vasodilator properties did not necessarily alleviate the ECG consequences of TMI since glyceryl trinitrate was active whereas dipyridamole was not. The effects of verapamil were complicated by its adverse conduction effects while lidoflazine inhibited the ECG changes only during the ischaemic phase and the 'metabolic modulator' oxfenicine worsened the ECG response. 4. In a model considered to lack coronary reserve, improvements observed in the ischaemic ECG and global ventricular function were considered to result from a direct myocardial effect of the drugs examined rather than by a vascular influence. This was provided to the greatest degree by the Ca2+-entry blockers nifedipine and nicardipine, with flunarizine adopting an intermediate position.
A CMOS 6-mW 10-bit 100-MS/s Two-Step ADC (2010)

A 10-bit 100-MS/s two-step ADC was fabricated using a 90 nm CMOS technology. To reduce power consumption, the ADC uses latch-type comparators for signal digitalization and an open-loop amplifier for residue amplification. The accuracy of the comparators is improved by offset calibration. The gain accuracy and the linearity of the residue amplifier are enhanced by digital background calibration. The ADC consumes 6 mW from a 1 V supply. Measured SNR and SFDR are 58.2 dB and 75 dB respectively. Measured ENOB is 9.34 bits. The FOM is 100 fJ·V per conversion-step.
Mutational Analysis and Membrane Topology of ComP, a Quorum-Sensing Histidine Kinase of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Controlling Competence Development (1999)

ABSTRACT ComP is a sensor histidine kinase of Bacillus subtilis required for the signal transduction pathway that initiates the development of competence for genetic transformation. It is believed that ComP senses the presence of ComX, a modified extracellular peptide pheromone, and donates a phosphate to ComA, thereby activating this transcription factor for binding to the srfA promoter. In the present study, fusions to the Escherichia coli proteins PhoA and LacZ and analysis of its susceptibility to the protease kallikrein were used to probe the membrane topology of ComP. These data suggest that ComP contains six or eight membrane-spanning segments and two large extracytoplasmic loops in its N-terminal membrane-associated domain. Deletions were introduced involving the large extracellular loops to explore the role of the N-terminal domain of ComP in signal transduction. The absence of the second loop conferred a phenotype in which ComP was active in the absence of ComX. The implications of these data are discussed.
Topographical Anisotropy and Wetting of Ground Stainless Steel Surfaces (2012)

Microscopic and physico-chemical methods were used for a comprehensive surface characterization of different mechanically modified stainless steel surfaces. The surfaces were analyzed using high-resolution confocal microscopy, resulting in detailed information about the topographic properties. In addition, static water contact angle measurements were carried out to characterize the surface heterogeneity of the samples. The effect of morphological anisotropy on water contact angle anisotropy was investigated. The correlation between topography and wetting was studied by means of a model of wetting proposed in the present work, that allows quantifying the air volume of the interface water drop-stainless steel surface.
Composition Options for Tissue-Engineered Bone (2002)

The logical assembly of tissue-engineered bone is ultimately directed by the clinical status of the patient. The basic elements for tissue-engineered bone should include signaling molecules, cells, and extracellular matrix. The assembly of these basic elements may need to be modified by tissue engineers to account for patient variables of age, gender, health, systemic conditions, habits, and anatomical implant. Moreover, different regions of the body will have different functional loads and vascularity. This review discusses several basic options that may be necessary to engineer bone, including spatial and temporal assembly of signaling factors, cells, and biomimetic extracellular matrices. Moreover, the importance of the health care status of the patient who may be receiving the tissue-engineered composition is emphasized.
Function of Dynein and Dynactin in Herpes Simplex Virus Capsid Transport (2002)

After fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) capsids are transported along microtubules (MTs) from the cell periphery to the nucleus. The motor ATPase cytoplasmic dynein and its multisubunit cofactor dynactin mediate most transport processes directed toward the minus-ends of MTs. Immunofluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that HSV1 capsids colocalized with cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin. We blocked the function of dynein by overexpressing the dynactin subunit dynamitin, which leads to the disruption of the dynactin complex. We then infected such cells with HSV1 and measured the efficiency of particle binding, virus entry, capsid transport to the nucleus, and the expression of immediate-early viral genes. High concentrations of dynamitin and dynamitin-GFP reduced the number of viral capsids transported to the nucleus. Moreover, viral protein synthesis was inhibited, whereas virus binding to the plasma membrane, its internalization, and the organization of the MT network were not affected. We concluded that incoming HSV1 capsids are propelled along MTs by dynein and that dynein and dynactin are required for efficient viral capsid transport to the nucleus.
Evidence for normal in vitro Ca2+-stimulated insulin release in rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. (1986)

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD) was induced in adult rats following a neonatal injection of streptozotocin. Rats with NIDD exhibited moderate basal hyperglycemia (less than 2g/l) with defective glucose-induced insulin secretion and preserved or enhanced responsiveness to various non-glucose secretagogues. The possible sites of defects in the B cells of these diabetic rats are at present unknown. Extracellular Ca2+ at concentrations exceeding 10 mmol/l causes a dose-related stimulation of insulin release by the perfused normal rat pancreas. This technique provokes an increase of cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation in the B cell sufficient to trigger activation of the microtubular-microfilamentous effector system responsible for the exocytosis of insulin granules. It is therefore possible to compare functional efficiency of this process in the B cells of diabetic rats to that in the normal B cells. Results obtained in response to Ca2+ stimulation over the range 10-13.5 mmol/l provide evidence that the insulin release is stimulated in the pancreas of diabetic rats to the same extent as that in the controls, in both the kinetic and the quantitative aspect of the response. These data are compatible with the idea that in the B cells of rats with NIDD : 1) the effector system of insulin secretion is not grossly altered and 2) the lesion responsible for the loss of glucose-induced insulin secretion occurs before the effector system, involving either the mechanism by which glucose is metabolized as previously proposed by us, or another step yet to be identified.
Experimenting with ARM TrustZone -- Or: How I Met Friendly Piece of Trusted Hardware (2012)

ARM TrustZone is an emerging embedded security technology based on the split of a system into a secure and normal world. Currently a number of System-on-Chip platforms exist, which include support for ARM TrustZone. Unfortunately relatively little work has been done on open-source software for TrustZone systems. In our belief this is partly caused by the lack of cost-efficient development boards, which allow access to ARM TrustZone features. This paper discusses experiences made by the authors with a rather inexpensive development board and shows how system-level development on TrustZone-enabled hardware is possible in class-room settings.
Practical data breakpoints (1993)

A data breakpoint associates debugging actions with programmer-specified conditions on the memory state of an executing program. Data breakpoints provide a means for discovering program bugs that are tedious or impossible to isolate using control breakpoints alone. In practice, programmers rarely use data breakpoints, because they are either unimplemented or prohibitively slow in available debugging software. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a practical data breakpoint facility.
Interpretation der Zustandsänderung eines Teiles als stochastischer Prozeß (1974)

Die im vorhergehenden Abschnitt genannten technischen und ökonomischen Ersatzpunkte, die an den Zustand des Verschleißteils, wie er für die Z-Situation von Bedeutung ist, gebunden sind, können nur dann wahrgenommen werden, wenn in jedem Zeitpunkt der technische Zustand des Teils bekannt ist. Die Verfolgung des technischen Zustands ist in der Regel mit erheblichen Schwierigkeiten verbunden, wenngleich auch z. B. durch den Einsatz von Meßgeräten, die auf radioaktiver Grundlageden Verschleiß bestimmen, erhebliche Fortschritteerzielt wurden (1). Häufig bedingt eine exakte Messung, daß das Aggregat ausgeschaltet und die Produktion unterbrochen werden muß.
A New Model for Designing a Product Line Using TURF Analysis (2010)

This paper introduces the approach of using TURF analysis to design a product line through a binary linear programming model. This improves the efficiency of the search for the solution to the problem compared to the algorithms that have been used to date. Furthermore, the proposed technique enables the model to be improved in order to overcome the main drawbacks presented by TURF analysis in practice.
SYNTHESIS OF METHYL TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER ON HZSM-5 ZEOLITE (1990)

The catalytic activity of a zeolite, HZSM-5, was evaluated for the synthesis of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) in a fixed bed micro-reactor at temperatures from 75 to 115°C and pressures of 20 to 40 bar, Isobutene was used as the limiting reactant as it is in commercial operations. Isobutene conversions ranged from 10 to 89 percent and were completely selective to the formation of MTBE. Dimer formation was hindered by the unique pore size of the zeolite. Temperature and isobutene to catalyst ratio were the significant process variables. Pressure had no significant effect on conversion of the liquid phase reaction. The reaction rate was zero order with respect to methanol concentration and was correlated by a first order reversible reaction equation. This zeolite may have selectivity and stability advantages over the present commercial catalyst.
Synthesis of dye conjugates of ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers and application in temperature-induced phase partitioning. (1992)

Synthesis of conjugates of the ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymer UCON 50-HB-5100 and the triazine dyes Cibacron Blue F3G-A and Procion Yellow HE-3G is described. The UCON-dye conjugate of Procion Yellow HE-3G is used as a ligand for affinity partitioning of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from bakers' yeast. The enzyme is first partitioned in a two-phase system composed of UCON, UCON-ligand and dextran, and the two phases isolated in separate containers. A small amount of salt is then added to the upper phase, which contains the UCON-ligand-enzyme complex, and the temperature increased above the cloud point of the UCON polymer to give a new two-phase system. The new two-phase system consists of an upper salt/water phase containing free enzyme and a lower UCON/water phase containing free UCON-ligand. Temperature-induced phase partitioning is thus seen to be of much assistance in dissociating enzyme-ligand complex, recovering enzyme and recycling UCON-ligand.
A Sense Amplifier Scheme with Offset Cancellation for Giga-bit DRAM (2007)

To improve low sense margin at low voltage, we propose a negatively driven sensing (NDS) scheme and to solve the problem of WL-to-BL short leakage fail, a variable bitline reference scheme with freelevel precharged bitline (FLPB) scheme is adopted. The influence of the threshold voltage offset of NMOS and PMOS transistors in a latch type sense amplifier is very important factor these days. From evaluating the sense amplifier offset voltage distribution of NMOS and PMOS, it is well known that PMOS has larger distribution in threshold voltage variation than that of NMOS. The negativelydriven sensing (NDS) scheme enhances the NMOS amplifying ability. The offset voltage distribution is overcome by NMOS activation with NDS scheme first and PMOS activation followed by time delay. The sense amplifier takes a negative voltage during the sensing and amplifying period. The negative voltage of NDS scheme is about -0.3V to -0.6V. The performance of the NDS scheme for DRAM at the gigabit level has been verified through its realization on 1-Gb DDR2 DRAM chip.
Continuous flash sintering (2017)

Abstract We develop an algorithm that relates the incubation time for flash initiation to the workpiece velocity as it is pulled through stationary electrodes in a continuous flash sintering experiment. Experiments with a whiteware green body that is sintered in this way are compared with the model. A processing map when the workpiece is drawn at a constant velocity is developed. The parameter space for the map is given by the speed and the current flowing through the workpiece. It distinguishes between the regimes for uniform and inhomogeneous sintering. All experiments were carried out at a furnace temperature of 900°C. The study shows the viability of continuous flash sintering of ceramics at speeds of up to 3 mm s −1 with electrodes that form a line contact with the workpiece. Remarkably, higher velocities and higher currents yield better sintering.
CHARACTERIZATION OF WHITNEY'S Clethrionomys gapperi VIRUS ISOLATES FROM MASSACHUSETTS (1976)

Six strains of virus were recovered from the blood and/or liver of five Clethnionomny.s gappeni ochraceus trapped in southeastern Massachusetts during 1969. Biological, antigenic and physiochemical properties of these isolates are reported. USA M-2268a was selected as the reference strain. This strain was identical by complement-fixation and neutralization tests to Whitney's C. gappenie virus (USA 64-7855) from New York State and was related to, but distinct from, an unpublished agent (Johnson's Micnotus mnontanus enterovirus USA M-1 146) isolated in June, 1962 from voles trapped in Klamath County, Oregon. USA M-2268a was resistant to lipid solvents and acid pH and was stable at temperatures of 4 C, 22 C, and 37 C. Virus was detected over a 10-day observation period in four species of mosquitoes inoculated with USA M-2268a, although there was no evidence of infection or replication, and transmission attemps by bite failed. Neutralizing antibody was detected in C.g. gappeni and C. g. ochnaceus in various habitats throughout the state.