gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of monochromatic infrared energy on transcutaneous oxygen measurements and protective sensation: results of a controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical study. (2008)

Monochromatic infrared energy has been reported to restore protective sensation by increasing circulation. A controlled, double-blind, quasi-experimental, randomized clinical study was conducted to 1) examine the effects of monochromatic infrared energy treatments on tissue perfusion, 2) determine the effects of a published monochromatic infrared energy neuropathy protocol on sensation on the feet of patients with diabetes and a loss of protective sensation; 3) examine monochromatic infrared energy's effect on pain; and 4) examine the relationship between transcutaneous oxygen levels and loss of protective sensation. The study was conducted at a wound and hyperbaric treatment center in Norwalk, Conn; 18 adults (12 men, six women; mean age 65 +/-13 years, range 39 to 86 years) with diabetes and loss of protective sensation were recruited using convenience sampling methods. All patients served as their own control. Pre- and post treatment tests assessed sensation, pain, and transcutaneous oxygen measurements on two sites per foot. Participants underwent a series of 30-minute monochromatic infrared energy treatments (one foot active treatment, one foot sham). Monochromatic infrared energy was delivered at the manufacturer pre-set level of energy of 1.5 J/cm(2)/min at a wavelength of 890 nm; sham units delivered no energy. Scores were analyzed using paired t-tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient. No significant differences were observed between active and sham treatments for transcutaneous oxygen values, pain, or sensation. Both active and sham monochromatic infrared energy-treated feet had significantly improved sensation when compared to pretest baseline scores (P <0.05). No statistical relationship was found between transcutaneous oxygen and sensation. This small study did not demonstrate any effects of monochromatic infrared energy treatment on transcutaneous oxygen measurements, pain, or sensation in adults with diabetes and loss of protective sensation.
Nerve injury in athletes caused by cryotherapy. (1992)

Cryotherapy is a therapeutic modality frequently used in the treatment of athletic injuries. In very rare circumstances, inappropriate use in some individuals can lead to nerve injury resulting in temporary or permanent disability of the athlete. Six cases of cold-induced peripheral nerve injury from 1988 to 1991 at the Sports Medicine Center at Duke University are reported. Although disability can be severe and can render an athlete unable to compete for several months, each of these cases resolved spontaneously. Whereas the application of this modality is typically quite safe and beneficial, clinicians must be aware of the location of major peripheral nerves, the thickness of the overlying subcutaneous fat, the method of application (with inherent or additional compression), the duration of tissue cooling, and the possible cryotherapy sensibility of some individuals.
Location management support for mobile commerce applications (2001)

Mobile commerce applications may include mobile financial services, user and location specific mobile advertising, mobile inventory management, wireless business re-engineering, and mobile interactive games. Mobile commerce applications may present many interesting wireless infrastructure requirements. One such requirement is location management. In this paper, we discuss the location management requirements of different m-commerce applications, present a new methodology to model m-commerce requirements using a generic m-commerce application, and introduce a technique to evaluate the location management overhead of various m-commerce applications.
A Double Track Error-Correction Code for Magnetic Tape (1976)

An error-correction code, presented here, uses two redundant tracks and one redundant character which are formed from the askew and the vertical redundancy check (AVRC) bits. The error-correction capability of this code is the same as for the ORC Patel and Hong's code, but the encoded codeblock dimension is not subject to constraints.
Optical and mechanical models for a variable optical attenuator using a micromirror drawbridge (2003)

In this paper, we develop optical and mechanical models of a surface micromachined variable optical attenuator (VOA) having an initial tilt angle. The proposed models are employed to compare various characteristics of the VOA such as snap-down voltage, attenuation versus driving voltage, and the rise time and the fall time based on the experimental data. In addition, the analytical models of the static and dynamic behavior of the drawbridge are verified using the results from the finite element method. We obtain reasonable accuracy between the results from the experiment and the proposed models.
Lubricity‐Enhancing Low‐Temperature Diesel Fuel Additives (2011)

Abstract Branched chain alkyl esters have lower crystallization temperatures than those with straight chain headgroups. We investigated the effect of branched chain headgroups on the cold flow properties and lubricity of alkyl esters. Commercial grade canola methyl ester was transformed into branched chain alkyl esters through a two or three‐stage base‐catalyzed transesterification reaction with 1‐methoxy‐2‐propanol and 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol. Conversion rates between 85 and 95% were achieved. The alkyl esters exhibited improved cold flow properties. The pour points were reduced from −12 to −27 °C as a result of incorporating branched headgroups. Addition of 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) 1‐methoxy‐2‐propyl alkyl ester improved the lubricity of a commercial pre‐production ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel, as determined by increased lubricity number and reduced wear scar diameter. The inclusion of methyl‐ tert butyl ether or ethanolamides additives to ULSD containing alkyl esters had an antagonistic effect on lubricity. The branched‐chain alkyl esters have the potential to be used as lubricity‐enhancing and low‐temperature fuel additives.
Service company alliance reduces tight sands frac costs (1994)

Smaller, multiple-stage fracture treatments, worked out by an alliance between a producing and a service company, were a significant element in reducing costs for fracturing Carthage Cotton Valley infill wells in Panola County, Texas. Pennzoil's infill drilling program takes advantage of the Texas Railroad Commission's (RRC) ruling that allows optional 80-acre well spacing in this tight gas-sand reservoir. Pennzoil spudded 29 wells between September 1992 and December 1993 and expects to spud 20 more in 1994. The Pennzoil-Halliburton alliance began in September 1992 for the purpose of drilling and completing Cotton Valley infill wells through 1993. The two companies share the cost of new technology development, with Pennzoil providing the rig times to test Halliburton technology. To date, the alliance has experimented with an elastic strain relaxation, a six-arm extensometer, and a water-recovery surfactant. Some of the features of the alliance are: Halliburton guarantees the availability of crews and equipment to meet Pennzoil's drilling and completion schedule; Halliburton technical advisor studies existing wells to find candidates for workover or refracture; the technical advisor analyzes, plants, and evaluates the ongoing program; and the alliance is not rigidly structured, and other service companies perform part of the work. Both parties have benefitedmore » financially from the alliance and well performance has met or exceeded expectations. The alliance has enabled Pennzoil to stay on a rigid and aggressive drilling schedule and through efforts of the alliance, fracture orientation has been confirmed.« less
Bioreducible polyspermine as less toxic and efficient gene carrier (2014)

Bioreducible polymers have attracted intense attention as a gene carrier due to their low cell toxicity compared to other polymer‐based gene delivery counterparts. We have synthesized low‐molecular‐weight spermine‐originated bioreducible polyspermines (BPSs) to serve as a plasmid DNA (pDNA) carrier complex with low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficiency. Spermine is biogenic and ubiquitous and is of benefit to nucleic acid delivery in many respects. We found that the BPSs formed nano‐sized, positively charged complexes with pDNA. In addition, they showed a high buffering capacity from the polyamine‐based proton sponge effect which facilitates endosomal escape. With degradable characteristics in thiol‐rich (intracellular) environments, BPSs exhibited significantly improved cell viability and suitable transfection efficiency across several cell lines in comparison to linear and branched polyethylenimine, the current gold standards of non‐viral gene carriers. BPSs appear to be promising polymers for use as effective pDNA carriers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exact Matrix Completion via Convex Optimization (2008)

We consider a problem of considerable practical interest: the recovery of a data matrix from a sampling of its entries. Suppose that we observe m entries selected uniformly at random from a matrix M. Can we complete the matrix and recover the entries that we have not seen? We show that one can perfectly recover most low-rank matrices from what appears to be an incomplete set of entries. We prove that if the number m of sampled entries obeys m >= C n^{1.2} r log n for some positive numerical constant C, then with very high probability, most n by n matrices of rank r can be perfectly recovered by solving a simple convex optimization program. This program finds the matrix with minimum nuclear norm that fits the data. The condition above assumes that the rank is not too large. However, if one replaces the 1.2 exponent with 1.25, then the result holds for all values of the rank. Similar results hold for arbitrary rectangular matrices as well. Our results are connected with the recent literature on compressed sensing, and show that objects other than signals and images can be perfectly reconstructed from very limited information.
Modelling the effect of temperature on product reliability (2003)

Reliability of electronic parts is a major concern for many manufacturers, since early failures in the field can cost an enormous amount to repair - in many cases far more than the original cost of the product. A great deal of effort is expended by manufacturers to determine the failure rates for a process or the fraction of parts that will fail in a period of time. It is widely recognized that the traditional approach to reliability predictions for electronic systems are not suitable for today's products. This approach, based on statistical methods only, does not address the physics governing the failure mechanisms in electronic systems. This paper discusses virtual prototyping technologies which can predict the physics taking place and relate this to appropriate failure mechanisms. Simulation results illustrate the effect of temperature on the assembly process of an electronic package and the lifetime of a flip-chip package.
Constitutive and UV-induced Fibronectin Degradation Is a Ubiquitination-dependent Process Controlled by β-TrCP (2006)

Loss of fibronectin (FN) assembly in the extracellular matrix has long been recognized as a feature of cellular transformation. However, such assembly is regulated not only by FN synthesis but also by its post-translational modifications. The mechanism controlling FN protein stability has remained unclear so far. Recently it was demonstrated that FN matrix turnover occurs intracellularly at the lysosome following caveolin-1-dependent endocytosis. Although FN was reported to undergo ubiquitindependent degradation, the ubiquitin ligase responsible for FN ubiquitination is unknown. In this study, we have identified beta-TrCP as the ubiquitin ligase for lysosomal degradation of FN. We found two conserved beta-TrCP recognition motif (DSGVVYS and DSGSIVVS) in the primary amino acid sequence of human, mouse, and rat FN. Down-regulation of either beta-TrCP1 or beta-TrCP2 by small interference (siRNA) caused significant accumulation of FN. Immunolocalization studies showed intracellular accumulation of FN in beta-TrCP siRNA-treated cells without showing much alteration in its matrix association. We also observed that exposure of cells to UV irradiation effectively down-regulated FN following increased ubiquitination, which was significantly inhibited either by lysosomal inhibitor or by siRNA-mediated down-regulation of beta-TrCP. Taken together, constitutive FN degradation, as well as UV-induced degradation, is ubiquitination dependent and controlled by beta-TrCP.
Human islet isolation and transplantation in chronic pancreatitis using the automated method. (1992)

Chronic pancreatitis is the most frequent cause of pancreatogenous diabetes mellitus. 1 Pain is the major indication for surgical intervention and is the main complaint in about one third of the patients who undergo surgery.2 The choice of surgical technique is generally dictated by the ductal anomalies and the presence of associated disease.3 Most of the cases that present small-duct pancreatitis must be resected as definitive procedure for pain release.4 Islet autotransplantation has been used to prevent pancreatectomy-induced diabetes.5 We have applied the automated method6 to separate islets from pancreases resected in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
Pipelined DC-powered SFQ RAM (2001)

We present the design and test results of components for a superconductor Cryogenic Random Access Memory (CRAM). The 16-Kb RAM design consists of four 4-Kb sub-arrays (blocks) with a 400 ps access time (latency) and a 100 ps cycle time (throughput). Each 4-Kb RAM block comprises a row-accessed 32/spl times/128 memory cell array, bipolar line drivers, row decoders, and column sense circuits. The implementation of specially designed distributed Josephson junctions in the sensing circuits reduces the overall size of the blocks and allows the use of smaller dc control currents.
Fully epitaxial C1b-type NiMnSb half-Heusler alloy films for current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance devices with a Ag spacer (2015)

Remarkable magnetic and spin-dependent transport properties arise from well-designed spintronic materials and heterostructures. Half-metallic Heusler alloys with high spin polarization exhibit properties that are particularly advantageous for the development of high-performance spintronic devices. Here, we report fully (001)-epitaxial growth of a high-quality half-metallic NiMnSb half-Heusler alloy films, and their application to current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP-GMR) devices with Ag spacer layers. Fully (001)-oriented NiMnSb epitaxial films with very flat surface and high magnetization were prepared on Cr/Ag-buffered MgO(001) single crystalline substrates by changing the substrate temperature. Epitaxial CPP-GMR devices using the NiMnSb films and a Ag spacer were fabricated, and room-temperature (RT) CPP-GMR ratios for the C1b-type half-Heusler alloy were determined for the first time. A CPP-GMR ratio of 8% (21%) at RT (4.2 K) was achieved in the fully epitaxial NiMnSb/Ag/NiMnSb structures. Furthermore, negative anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) ratio and small discrepancy of the AMR amplitudes between RT and 10 K were observed in a single epitaxial NiMnSb film, indicating robust bulk half metallicity against thermal fluctuation in the half-Heusler compound. The modest CPP-GMR ratios could be attributed to interface effects between NiMnSb and Ag. This work provides a pathway for engineering a new class of ordered alloy materials with particular emphasis on spintronics.
Earth science RADAR CubeSat deployable Ka-band mesh reflector antenna (2016)

CubeSat will play a key role in Earth Science missions wherein multiple copies of the same RADAR instrument are launched in desirable formations. This will allow for the measurement of atmospheric processes over a short, evolutionary timescale. Such RADAR instruments require a high-gain antenna that fits in a constrained and limited volume. This paper introduces a 42.6 dBi gain mesh deployable antenna folding in a 1.5U stowage volume suitable for 6U class CubeSats.
Mycobacterium abscessus: Environmental Bacterium Turned Clinical Nightmare (2019)

Mycobacteria are a large family of over 100 species, most of which do not cause diseases in humans. The majority of the mycobacterial species are referred to as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), meaning they are not the causative agent of tuberculous (TB) or leprosy, i.e., <i>Mycobacterium tuberculous</i> complex and <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i>, respectively. The latter group is undoubtedly the most infamous, with TB infecting an estimated 10 million people and causing over 1.2 million deaths in 2017 alone TB and leprosy also differ from NTM in that they are only transmitted from person to person and have no environmental reservoir, whereas NTM infections are commonly acquired from the environment. It took until the 1950's for NTM to be recognised as a potential lung pathogen in people with underlying pulmonary disease and another three decades for NTM to be widely regarded by the medical community when <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex was identified as the most common group of opportunistic pathogens in AIDS patients. This review focuses on an emerging NTM called <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> (<i>M. abs</i>). <i>M. abs</i> is a rapidly growing NTM that is responsible for opportunistic pulmonary infections in patients with structural lung disorders such as cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis, as well as a wide range of skin and soft tissue infections in humans. In this review, we discuss how we came to understand the pathogen, how it is currently treated and examine drug resistance mechanisms and novel treatments currently in development. We highlight the urgent need for new and effective treatments for <i>M. abs</i> infection as well as improved in vivo methods of efficacy testing.
Uric Acid Stimulates Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Production in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Cyclooxygenase-2 (2003)

Previous studies have reported that uric acid stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation in vitro. We hypothesized that uric acid may also have direct proinflammatory effects on VSMCs. Crystal- and endotoxin-free uric acid was found to increase VSMC monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner, peaking at 24 hours. Increased mRNA and protein expression occurred as early as 3 hours after uric acid incubation and was partially dependent on posttranscriptional modification of MCP-1 mRNA. In addition, uric acid activated the transcription factors nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1, as well as the MAPK signaling molecules ERK p44/42 and p38, and increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression. Inhibition of p38 (with SB 203580), ERK 44/42 (with UO126 or PD 98059), or COX-2 (with NS398) each significantly suppressed uric acid-induced MCP-1 expression at 24 hours, implicating these pathways in the response to uric acid. The ability of both n-acetyl-cysteine and diphenyleneionium (antioxidants) to inhibit uric acid-induced MCP-1 production suggested involvement of intracellular redox pathways. Uric acid regulates critical proinflammatory pathways in VSMCs, suggesting it may have a role in the vascular changes associated with hypertension and vascular disease.
Reflex tetrode with unidirectional ion flow. Interim report (1977)

Experimental results are reported which show that the backward directed (and unusable) ion current in a reflex triode can be almost completely suppressed by adding a second anode, made of aluminized mylar, 0.5 cm from the existing polyethylene anode. Proton generation efficiencies in excess of 50% have been obtained.
Fast Photochromic Molecules toward Realization of Photosynergetic Effects (2016)

There has been a growing interest toward the development of advanced photofunctional materials whose photoresponses involve multiple photons and molecules because these materials show the photoresponses which cannot be achieved by a one-photon reaction of a single chromophore. These cooperative interactions of multiple photons and molecules are recently termed as the "photosynergetic" effects, and the understanding and utilization of these effects are becoming important research topics. In this Perspective, we overview the recent progress of the fast T-type photochromic molecules involving the stepwise two-photon absorption processes. Although high power pulse lasers were necessary to induce conventional simultaneous and stepwise two-photon absorption processes, the stepwise two-photon absorption process with the fast photochromic compound can be initiated by extremely weak continuous wave (CW) LEDs. The basic concept and future outlook of the fast photochromism involving the stepwise two-photon absorption process will be discussed.
Aerial Human-Comfortable Collision-free Navigation in Dense Environments (2017)

With current overuse of the road transportation system and planned increase in traffic, inno- vative solutions that overcome environmental and financial cost of the current system should be assessed. A promising idea is the use of the third dimension for personal transportation. Therefore, the European project myCopter, funded under the 7th framework, aimed at en- abling the technologies for Personal Aerial Transportation Systems as breakthrough in 21st century transportation systems. This project was the starting point of this thesis. When multiple vehicles share a common part of the sky, the biggest challenge is the man- agement of the risk of collision. While optimal collision-free navigation strategies have been proposed for autonomous robots, trajectories and accelerations for Personal Aerial Vehicles (PAVs) should also take into account human comfort for their passengers, which has rarely been the focus of these studies. Comfort of the trajectories is a key factor in order for this new transportation mean to be accepted and adopted by everyday users. Existing strategies used to maximize human-comfort of trajectories are based on path planning strategies, which compute beforehand the whole trajectory, implementing comfort as an optimization criteria. Personal Aerial Transportation Systems will have a high density of vehicles, where the time to react to potential threats might decrease to a few seconds only. This might be insufficient to compute a new trajectory each time using these path planning strategies. Therefore, in this thesis, a reactive decentralized strategy is proposed, maximizing the comfort of the trajectories for humans traveling in a Personal Aerial Vehicle. To prove the feasibility of collision avoidance strategies, it is not sufficient anymore to validate them only in simulation, but, in addition, real-time tests in a realistic outdoor environment should be performed. Nowadays, single drones can be effectively controlled by a single operator on the ground. The challenge relies instead on an efficient management of a whole swarm of drone. In this thesis, a framework to perform outdoor drone experiment was developed in order to validate the proposed collision avoidance strategy. On the one hand, an autopilot framework was developed, tailored for multi-drone experiments, allowing fast and easy deployment and maintenance of a swarm of drones. On the other hand, a ground control interface is proposed in order to monitor, control and maintain safety in a flight with a swarm of drones. Using the autopilot framework together with the ground control interface, the proposed collision avoidance strategy was validated using 10 quadrotors flying autonomously outdoor in a challenging scenario.