gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimized color pair selection for label design (2011)

We present in this paper a technique for designing reference labels that can be used for optical navigation. We optimize the selection of foreground and background colors used for the printed reference labels. This optimization calibrates for individual color responses among printers and cameras such that the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is maximized. Experiments show that we get slightly smaller SNR for the color labels compared to using a monochrome technique. However, the number of segmented image components is reduced significantly by as much as 78 percent. This reduction of number of image components will in turn reduce the memory storage requirement for the computing embedded system.
Carbonic anhydrase IX antigen differentiates between preneoplastic malignant lesions in non-small cell lung carcinoma (1999)

The MaTu interval (MN)/carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX tumour-associated antigen is a protein that is normally expressed in the gut and belongs to the carbonic anhydrase enzyme family (CA IX). It has been detected in tumour cell lines and in some solid tumours including cervical, oesophageal and clear cell renal carcinoma. This study determined MN/CA IX expression in 65 primary non-small cell lung cancer resected with curative intent and in 38 bronchial preneoplastic lesions, carcinoma in situ or microinvasive carcinoma as well as in normal bronchial tissue. The presence of MN/CA IX was detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, whenever frozen material was available. Immunostaining was positive in 52/65 (80%) of the tumour samples. The staining was more often focal than diffuse. The percentage of stained cells in positive tumours was highly variable, ranging 1-85%. The pattern of immunostaining was predominantly cytoplasmic with a membranous reinforcement (87%). The intensity was mainly strong (69%). The presence of the protein in the tumour was confirmed by Western blot analysis in the eight samples tested. All the morphologically normal epithelia, except in close vicinity of tumours in some cases, as well as the preneoplastic bronchial lesions (basal cell hyperplasia, metaplasia and dysplasia) were immunonegative for MN/CA IX expression. In contrast, carcinoma in situ and microinvasive epithelioma showed the presence of MN-immunopositive tumoural cells in 5/7 and 4/5 of the samples, respectively. These data suggest that MN/CA IX is a useful marker for the differentiation between preneoplastic lesions and bronchial non-small cell lung cancer in the lung.
Kamīn (2021)

An array of Egyptian lifeworlds in 2016.
Impaired Innate Immunity in Tlr4−/− Mice but Preserved CD8+ T Cell Responses against Trypanosoma cruzi in Tlr4-, Tlr2-, Tlr9- or Myd88-Deficient Mice (2010)

The murine model of T. cruzi infection has provided compelling evidence that development of host resistance against intracellular protozoans critically depends on the activation of members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family via the MyD88 adaptor molecule. However, the possibility that TLR/MyD88 signaling pathways also control the induction of immunoprotective CD8+ T cell-mediated effector functions has not been investigated to date. We addressed this question by measuring the frequencies of IFN-gamma secreting CD8+ T cells specific for H-2K(b)-restricted immunodominant peptides as well as the in vivo Ag-specific cytotoxic response in infected animals that are deficient either in TLR2, TLR4, TLR9 or MyD88 signaling pathways. Strikingly, we found that T. cruzi-infected Tlr2(-/-), Tlr4(-/-), Tlr9(-/) (-) or Myd88(-/-) mice generated both specific cytotoxic responses and IFN-gamma secreting CD8+ T cells at levels comparable to WT mice, although the frequency of IFN-gamma+CD4+ cells was diminished in infected Myd88(-/-) mice. We also analyzed the efficiency of TLR4-driven immune responses against T. cruzi using TLR4-deficient mice on the C57BL genetic background (B6 and B10). Our studies demonstrated that TLR4 signaling is required for optimal production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and nitric oxide (NO) in the spleen of infected animals and, as a consequence, Tlr4(-/-) mice display higher parasitemia levels. Collectively, our results indicate that TLR4, as well as previously shown for TLR2, TLR9 and MyD88, contributes to the innate immune response and, consequently, resistance in the acute phase of infection, although each of these pathways is not individually essential for the generation of class I-restricted responses against T. cruzi.
Formation of Polarization Gratings and Surface Relief Gratings in Photocrosslinkable Polymer Liquid Crystals by Polarization Holography (2003)

Polarization holography in photocrosslinkable polymer liquid crystals films is described. By adjusting the polarization modes of the interference light beams, both “pure” polarization and surface relief gratings can be prepared. The Figure shows an optically polarized microscope image of a grating fabricated using orthogonal linear beams (arrows show direction of polarizers).
Thermal UV treatment on SU-8 polymer for integrated optics (2014)

We report a simple and low-cost method to fabricate SU-8-based polymer waveguide devices. The influence of hard-baking temperature on SU-8 polymer treated with or without UV radiation was investigated in detail. Based on these properties, the straight type, Y branch type, March-Zehnder (M-Z) type and 1 × 4 splitter waveguides were successfully fabricated. And a polymeric thermal-optic (TO) switch with M-Z type waveguide was also fabricated by this method. The device exhibits low power consumption of less than 6.4 mW, fast rise time of about 149.3 µs and fast fall time of about 139.3 µs. The experimental results showed that this method can bypass the need for complex lithography and provide high resolution and fine waveguide quality desired for TO switches as well as other planar lightwave devices.
Scaffolds for Tympanic Membrane Regeneration in Rats (2012)

Tympanic membrane (TM) perforations lead to significant hearing loss and result in possible infection of the middle ear. Myringoplasty is commonly performed to repair chronic perforations. Although various grafts and materials have been used to promote TM regeneration, all have associated limitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of two graft materials, silk fibroin scaffold (SFS) and porcine-derived acellular collagen type I/III scaffold (ACS), compared with two commonly used graft materials (paper patch and Gelfoam) for the promotion of TM regeneration. These scaffolds were implanted using on-lay myringoplasty in an acute TM perforation rat model. Surface morphology of the scaffolds was observed with scanning electron microscopy. The morphology of the TM was assessed at various time points postimplantation using otoscopy, light and electron microscopy, and functional outcomes by auditory brainstem responses. We found that SFS and ACS significantly accelerated the TM perforation closure, obtained optimal TM thickness, and resulted in better trilaminar morphology with well-organized collagen fibers and early restoration of hearing. However, paper patch and Gelfoam lost their scaffold function in the early stages and showed an inflammatory response, which may have contributed to delayed healing. This study indicates that compared with paper patch and Gelfoam, SFS and ACS are more effective in promoting an early TM regeneration and an improved hearing, suggesting that these scaffolds may be potential substitutes for clinical use.
Dilute Gelling Systems. II. Polyesters (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDilute Gelling Systems. II. PolyestersF. P. Price, J. H. Gibbs, and B. H. ZimmCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1958, 62, 8, 972–977Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150566a020https://doi.org/10.1021/j150566a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Distribution of immunogenic cells after painting with the contact sensitizers fluorescein isothiocyanate and oxazolone. Different sensitizers form immunogenic complexes with different cell populations. (1980)

The distribution of fluorescent cells in the draining lymph nodes of mice painted with the contact sensitizing agent fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was investigated using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Up to 30% of the cells were fluorescent after 18 h and this decreased thereafter becoming undetectable after 4-5 days. Most of the fluorescent cells were morphologically lymphocytes, theta - ve and adherent to nylon wool. Immunogenicity of these cells was tested by injecting them into the footpads of normal mice and measuring contact sensitivity after 6 days. This was restricted to large cells which represented less than 5% of the white cell population and nearly all of which became fluorescent after skin painting. The large fluorescent cells were a mixture of monocytes and lymphocytes. Most of the lymphocytes had surface immunoglobulin. The immunogenicity was reduced by nylon filtration but was not affected by silica and anti-theta. These results showed that the immunogenicity is not associated with T cells. In contrast, similar immunogenic activity in the draining lymph nodes of mice painted with oxazolone is associated with T cells. The results therefore showed that different sensitizers form immunogenic complexes with different cell populations, perhaps in this case becuase of the different water solubilities of FITC and oxazolone. They also suggested that this may cause important differences in antigen presentation, for example in their association with different MHC products.
[Balloon mitral valvuloplasty]. (1996)

Since March 1990 we performed 100 balloon mitral valvuloplasties (BMV) in 82 females and 18 males (mean age 37 +/- 1 years; range 16 - 81) Initially we used the single shaft, dual or triple balloon system, while during the past 3 years we have been using the Inoue balloon system with step-wise inflation, monitoring with trans-thoracic echo (TTE) for immediate evaluation of mitral valve area (MVA) and/or severity of mitral regurgitation (MR), with 93% technical success. Hemodynamic data before and immediately after the procedure are in table below: [table: see text] C.O. cardiac output, DGR diastolic gradient, LAP left atrial pressure, MVA mitral valve area; all differences significant, p < 0.05. Acute complications included cardiac tamponade in 4/100; severe, acute MR in 2/100; only 5 were referred for urgent surgery. Neither cardiac tamponade nor severe MR were noted in the past 3 years. There was no periprocedural mortality in the past 5 years. Of 93 patients followed for 27 +/- 6 months (range 0-60), 90 (96%) were in NYHA classes I and II, 5 had late MVR, 2 underwent repeated BMV, and there was 1 death 16 months after the procedure. Immediate hemodynamic improvement followed BMV in most patients with pliable mitral stenosis. The Inoue system, with step-wise inflation and monitoring by TTE, proved to be a safe procedure. Symptomatic improvement continues during more than 4 years of follow-up.
Nanoparticle Generation During Laser Ablation and Laser-Induced Liquefaction (2011)

Recently short-pulse laser sources have been investigated as a potential method for nanoparticle synthesis. Deposited aluminium, nickel and gold nanoparticles generated during nano- and femto-second laser ablation were analyzed using SEM and AFM. As the environment in which laser ablation takes place is known to influence the size of generated nanoparticles, a novel gas ambient that generates a transient liquid phase was investigated. This ambient offers favorable properties to overcome some issues typically encountered with ablation in gases or liquids alone. The Laser-Induced Liquefaction (LIL) process most notably lead to a reduced mean radius of aluminium nanoparticles from 36.8 nm in air to 12.7 nm.
Optimal partition of QoS requirements on unicast paths and multicast trees (1999)

We investigate the problem of optimal resource allocation for end to-end QoS requirements on unicast paths and multicast trees. Specifically, we consider a framework in which resource allocation is based on local QoS requirements at each network link, and associated with each link is a cost function that increases with the severity of the QoS requirement. Accordingly, the problem that we address is how to partition an end-to-end QoS requirement into local requirements, such that the overall cost is minimized. We establish efficient (polynomial) solutions for both unicast and multicast connections. These results provide the required foundations for the corresponding QoS routing schemes, which identify either paths or trees that lead to minimal overall cost. In addition, we show that our framework provides better tools for coping with other fundamental multicast problems, such as dynamic tree maintenance.
Complementary studies of BaTiO <sub>3</sub> nanoparticles suspended in a ferroelectric liquid-crystalline mixture (2009)

In scope of this paper, DSC, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), electro-optic and dielectric studies have been done on BaTiO3 nanoparticles dispersed in a ferroelectric liquid-crystalline (FLC) matrix. Electro-optic studies showed slightly lower spontaneous polarization, faster response time and relatively higher coercive voltage for the nanocomposite as compared to the pure FLC mixture. Dielectric measurements revealed a lower relative dielectric permittivity for the nanocomposite. This paper addresses all the issues starting from the kind of nanoparticles and FLC materials used for the preparation of nanocomposites, the various measurements done and a detailed discussion on the observed results.
[Adaptation to new environments: microgravity]. (2005)

Review and analysis of the experiments with Wastar rats in microgravity onboard "Cosmos" biosatellites allows to conclude that adaptive potentials of mammals in space flights lasting up to 1/50 th of their life span are enough for rapid elimination of microgravity-induced metabolic and structural alterations on return to Earth, for maintenance of adequate reactions to acute and chronic stressors in the post-flight period, for normal reproductive function and life span. Consideration is given to individual differences in body responses to the micro-g environment.
<i>In vitro</i> study of human vascular endothelial cell function on materials with various surface roughness (2004)

Abstract In recent years, creating a biodegradable polymer scaffold with an endothelialized surface has become an attractive concept for replacement of small‐diameter blood vessels. Toward this end, a better understanding of the interaction between endothelial cells and biodegradable polymer substrates is particularly important. Surface roughness of biomaterials is one of the important parameters that affect cell behavior. In this study, human vascular endothelial cells were cultured on electrospun and solvent‐cast poly( L ‐lactic acid) substrates with different surface roughness. Cell responses were evaluated via both qualitative examinations of cell morphology changes as well as quantitative assessment of cell adhesion and proliferation rate on the different substrates. The results proved that endothelial cell function was enhanced on the smooth solvent‐cast surface rather than on the rough electrospun surface of poly( L ‐lactic acid). Together with our previous findings that electrospun substrates favor vascular smooth muscle cell behavior, it is possible to design a unique three‐dimensional scaffold for application of tissue‐engineered small‐diameter vessel replacement by combining the fabrication technique of solvent casting and electrospinning. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 154–161, 2004
Duplicational mutation at the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus: its frequency, distribution, origin, and phenotypegenotype correlation. (1990)

Partial gene deletion is the major cause of mutation leading to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). Partial gene duplication has also been recognized in a few cases. We have conducted a survey for duplication in 72 unrelated nondeletion patients, analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with clones representing the entire DMD cDNA. With careful quantitative analysis of hybridization band intensity, 10 cases were found to carry a duplication of part of the gene, a frequency of 14% for nondeletion cases (10/72), or 6% for all cases (10/181). The extent of these duplications has been characterized according to the published exon-containing HindIII fragment map, and in six of the 10 duplications a novel restriction fragment that spanned the duplication junction was detected. The resulting translational reading frame of mRNA has been predicted for nine duplications. A shift of the reading frame was predicted in four of the six DMD cases and in one of the two intermediate cases, while the reading frame remained uninterrupted in both BMD cases. RFLP and quantitative Southern blot analyses revealed a grandpaternal origin of duplication in four families and grandmaternal origin in one family. In all five families, the duplication was found to originate from a single X chromosome. Unequal sister-chromatid exchange is proposed to be the mechanism for the formation of these duplications.
Iterative reconstruction method for three-dimensional optoacoustic imaging (2001)

Three-dimensional optoacoustic imaging uses detection of laser-generated thermoelastic waves with an ultrasound sensor array. Integrated acoustic signals (velocity potentials) are back projected into the source volume to give a map of absorbed laser energy. Since the number of array elements and the receiving solid angle are limited, radial back projection produces artifacts such as back projection arcs. To solve this problem, we developed in this study an iterative method for image reconstruction. A first image estimate was generated by simple radial back projection. A model for signal generation from a volume containing arbitrary optoacoustic sources was then used to calculate acoustic wave propagation from this estimate. Calculated signals at the array elements were compared with the measured signals and the difference was used to improve the image. In simulations and experiments we used the algorithm to obtain three-dimensional images of multiple optoacoustic sources. With signals from an array of 3 x 3 detector elements a significant improvement was observed after about 10 iterations compared to the simple radial back projection. Although computationally more intensive, iterative reconstruction can minimize the time and instrumentation for signal acquisition because a small number of array elements already gives a good quality optoacoustic image.
Laser Etching Characteristics of ITO/Ag/ITO Conductive Films on Forward/Reverse Sides of Flexible Substrates (2016)

ITO/Ag/ITO conductive films on PET (polyethylene terephthalate) was etched by a Q-switched diode-pumped neodymiun-doped yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO4, <TEX>${\lambda}=1064nm$</TEX>) laser. During the laser direct etching, the laser beam was incident on the two different directions of PET and the etching patterns were investigated and analyzed. At a lower repetition rate of laser pulse, the larger laser etched patterns were obtained by laser beam incident on reverse side of PET substrate. On the contrary, at a higher repetition rate, it was possible to find the larger etched patterns in case of the laser beam incidence on forward side of PET substrate. For the laser beam incidence on reverse side, the laser beam is expected to be transferred and scattered through the PET substrate and the laser beam energy is thought to be dependent on the etch laser pulse beam energy.
The role of intervalley phonons in hot carrier transfer and extraction in type-II InAs/AlAsSb quantum-well solar cells (2019)

Abstract Simultaneous continuous wave (CW) photoluminescence and monochromatic current density-voltage (J-V) measurements of InAs/AlAsSb QW p-i-n diodes reveal stable hot carriers observed at relatively low power (nearly independent of power). This behavior is attributed to preferential scattering of high energy carriers to the upper satellite L- and X-valleys, which inhibits carrier thermalization via LO phonon emission. Although both high electric field and optical excitation are shown to enable stable hot carrier generation in the quantum wells (QWs), the extraction of these carriers is inhibited by the mismatch in valley degeneracy (L to Γ) across the InAs QW/n-AlInAs layers resulting in carrier localization in the QWs in the operating regime of the solar cell.
Prolonged Bleeding Time, Reduced Platelet Aggregation, Altered PAF-Acether Sensitivity and Increased Platelet Mass Are a Trait of Asthma and Hay Fever (1986)

In a case control study 31 asymptomatic patients with asthma and/or hay fever and 31 normal controls had their bleeding time measured using the Simplate II device and venostasis. Mean bleeding time in the atopic group (527 s) was significantly prolonged compared to the controls (393 s) (p less than 0.0005). Platelet aggregation to collagen and ADP (but not to PAF-acether) was significantly depressed in the atopics. Mean circulating platelet mass was significantly greater in atopics than in the controls (p = 0.006). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that within the control group bleeding time was best predicted by platelet mass (p = 0.007). No such relationship was found in the atopics. However stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that bleeding time in the atopics (but not in the controls) was best predicted by PAF-acether induced platelet aggregability (p less than 0.05). In neither group was bleeding time related to collagen induced platelet thromboxane B2 production. It is hypothesised that in respiratory atopy the depressed aggregatory function of platelets is not compensated for sufficiently by an increase in platelet mass, leading to prolongation of the bleeding time. This haemostatic imbalance, whose cause remains to be established, appears to constitute a trait of atopy.
Decisive Factors in Advanced Centrifugal Compressor Design and Development (2000)

Abstract The design of advanced turbomachinery has been practiced in the last half of the previous century with increasing degrees of sophistication while continuously advancing levels of efficiency and regimes of stable operation. This trend of development is not complete; products have not reached a level of full maturity. There is considerable room for further development of most turbomachinery products today when looked at with the perspective of the broadest possible design world. Modern design no longer concerns itself only with efficiency and stability, but adds significant issues of weight, life, cost of manufacturing, marketability, and so forth. Decisive factors in each area are considered in this paper and consideration is given to developing trends.