gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Periodic Mesoporous Phenylenesilica under Acidic Conditions with Novel Molecular Order in the Pore Walls (2003)

High-quality phenyl-bridged organosilicas (p6mm) were prepared under acidic conditions using nonionic alkyl poly(oxyethylene) oligomers as structure-directing agents. In addition to the long-range order of the pore system, these materials exhibited a novel molecular order of the phenylene rings within the pore walls different from that observed in samples prepared under basic conditions in the presence of alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants.
Distributed characterization of bending effects on the birefringence of single-mode optical fibers (2010)

The effects of bending on randomly birefringent, single-mode optical fibers have been analyzed by means of polarization-sensitive optical frequency domain reflectometry. This distributed, pointwise characterization has been performed on ad hoc drawn spun fibers and on a ribbon cable. Experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical predictions and confirm the effectiveness of reflectometry as a means to characterize polarization properties of optical fibers.
Business agreements (I) (1995)

Ian Wood has just been made redundant and he decides to use his redundancy money to purchase a business. The business which he purchases is a shop which sells do-it-yourself materials and items of hardware. After just a few weeks in business Ian realises that he needs a van to make deliveries and to collect stock from suppliers. He notices in the local paper a nearly new van advertised at £9650. The van is being sold privately by Alan Willis. Ian goes to see the van which is in very good condition and has done only 8500 miles. Ian makes Alan an offer of £9600 for the van and Alan accepts. Ian pays Alan by means of a cheque and Alan allows Ian to drive the van away.
A Useful Distribution for Fitting Discrete Data: Revival of the Conway–Maxwell–Poisson Distribution (2004)

Summary A useful discrete distribution (the Conway–Maxwell–Poisson distribution) is revived and its statistical and probabilistic properties are introduced and explored. This distribution is a two-parameter extension of the Poisson distribution that generalizes some well-known discrete distributions (Poisson, Bernoulli and geometric). It also leads to the generalization of distributions derived from these discrete distributions (i.e. the binomial and negative binomial distributions). We describe three methods for estimating the parameters of the Conway–Maxwell–Poisson distribution. The first is a fast simple weighted least squares method, which leads to estimates that are sufficiently accurate for practical purposes. The second method, using maximum likelihood, can be used to refine the initial estimates. This method requires iterations and is more computationally intensive. The third estimation method is Bayesian. Using the conjugate prior, the posterior density of the parameters of the Conway–Maxwell–Poisson distribution is easily computed. It is a flexible distribution that can account for overdispersion or underdispersion that is commonly encountered in count data. We also explore two sets of real world data demonstrating the flexibility and elegance of the Conway–Maxwell–Poisson distribution in fitting count data which do not seem to follow the Poisson distribution.
Identification of critical elements within the JC virus DNA replication origin (1990)

The T antigen of JC virus (JCV) does not interact productively with the simian virus 40 (SV40) origin of replication. In contrast, the SV40 T antigen does drive replication from the JCV origin as well as from its own. The basis for this restricted interaction was investigated by analyzing the structure of the JCV replication origin. The replication activities of JCV-SV40 hybrid origin plasmids were tested in cells constitutively producing either the JCV or SV40 T antigen. Results indicated that a region of the JCV origin critical for interaction with the JCV T antigen was positioned to the late side of the central palindrome of the putative core origin. A mutational analysis of this region indicated that the sequence of the A + T-rich tract was primarily responsible for determining the efficiency with which JCV can initiate replication from its origin. The tandemly repeated pentameric sequence AGGGA located proximal to the A + T-rich tract in the JCV enhancer element was found to stimulate JCV, but not SV40, T antigen-mediated replication. The effect on replication of other elements within the JCV enhancer was also dependent on the T antigen employed for initiation. A plasmid containing the replication origin of prototype BK virus was unable to replicate in cells containing JCV T antigen, again indicating the inflexibility of the JCV T antigen in interacting with heterologous origins.
High Pressure Synthesis of NdCuO3-.delta. Perovskites (0 .ltoreq. .delta. .ltoreq. 0.5) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh Pressure Synthesis of NdCuO3-.delta. Perovskites (0 .ltoreq. .delta. .ltoreq. 0.5)Bai-Hao Chen, Dave Walker, Emmanuelle Suard, Bruce A. Scott, Bernard Mercey, Maryvonne Hervieu, and Bernard RaveauCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 8, 2077–2083Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00112a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00112a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [5+2] Cycloaddition of Alkyne–Vinylcyclopropanes (2009)

Easy to scale: A rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular [5+2] cycloaddition of alkyne–vinylcyclopropanes has been developed. High enantioselectivities of up to >99.5 % ee have been achieved by the use of a chiral phosphoramidite ligand. The reaction can be easily scaled up and the stereochemical model of the present catalysis has also been proposed. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Changes in quality of life of patients with lymphedema after lymphatic vessel transplantation. (2011)

There are multiple treatment options for patients with chronic lymphedema, and one successful approach is lymph vessel transplantation. As quality of life assessments are frequently not utilized in standard treatment regimes, we investigated the change in quality of life for patients with chronic lymphedema (total = 212) who had undergone lymphatic vessel transplantation and conservative therapy for at least 6 months prior to operation. Quality of life was assessed by a modified standard questionnaire examining the physiological and psychological status of the patients. Results document a significant improvement in quality of life and underscore success of autologous lymphatic vessel transplantation as a therapy for lymphedema.
A versatile experimental system for dual-arm planning and control (2002)

This paper describes a distributed computing and control architecture for experiments in dual-arm sensor-based planning and control. The system comprises of two PUMA 560 robots with state-of-the-art joint-level motion controllers. These controllers have accurate joint position and velocity measurement, an accurate joint calibration system, and six-axis wrist force/torque sensors with optical fiber communication with the controller. A high-power Silicon Graphics workstation, through a shared memory interface with the joint-level controllers, provides a task-level command and control capability. A variety of control schemes can be easily implemented on this system. A servo rate of 1000 Hz, without interpolation, has been achieved for task-level servo schemes with force feedback. The experimental results presented here demonstrate the performance capabilities of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Wetting of Low-Energy Solids by Aqueous Solutions of Highly Fluorinated Acids and Salts (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWetting of Low-Energy Solids by Aqueous Solutions of Highly Fluorinated Acids and SaltsMarianne K. Bernett and W. A. ZismanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1959, 63, 11, 1911–1916Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150581a028https://doi.org/10.1021/j150581a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Reliability of Downhole Safety Valves Used in the North Sea (1982)

ABSTRACT Surface Controlled Subsurface Safety Valve failure data from 14 North Sea fields have been collected and failure rates for the various valve types and makes calculated. Failure rates have been compared to well data in order to identify critical well parameters and give guidance to operators when selecting valves for new fields. Finally, models are developed for calculating well safety and production availabilities. Input to these models is failure rates, testing and maintenance routines, frequency of other well service operations etc. Output from the models is:–The proportion of the time the valve acts as a safety barrier, i.e. safety availability–The proportion of the time that the valve is causing production shutdown, i.e. production unavailability INTRODUCTION Most people involved in production of oil and gas from high pressure reservoirs will probably agree that the Down Hole Safety Valve is one of the most important components for controlling blowout risk. In particular this is the case offshore where one platform may be producing from more than 30 wells. In such situations it is very important to be able to shut off the wells with a down hole device if a hazardous situation should arise on the platform. In spite of this importance, there are still endless arguments regarding what kind of safety valve to use, e.g. from which manufacturer, flapper or ball valve, or maybe to install two valves in series. No clear cut criteria for selecting valves for various types of fields and uses exists. The study documented this paper was aiming at recommending such criteria, based on an investigation of past safety valve performance in North Sea fields. In this area only surface Controlled Subsurface-Safety Valves (SCSSV) are used, and the study is therefore restricted to this type of valves. The selection criteria that were sought, should reflect both well safety and production availability. Disregarding one of these factors will inevitably result in suboptimal solutions. DATA COLLECTION To obtain a reasonably correct picture of past SCSSV performance, all major operators in the North Sea area were contacted, and asked to participate in the study by releasing their data regarding valve failure statistics and field parameters. Fortunately, most operators were willing to release their data, provided the information was published in a pooled manner. The information necessary wasValve type, make and dimensionsOperating timeNumber of failures and failure modesField data (e.g. reservoir type, pressure, temp., H2S and CO2 content, GOR, oil gravity) From the 10 operators supplying data from a total of 14 fields, it was possible to obtain a sufficient amount of data for the following valvesWire line Retrievable (WR) valves:–Otis DD, Otis DK, Otis DB, Otis QO–Baker BFX-Ol (Super "e")–Camco B-6–Folderol PATubing Retrievable (TR) valves:–Camco TRB-8FSR This totaled more than 800 well years of operation, and in this period 412 failures were registered.
Development of a low-temperature GaN chemical vapor deposition process based on a single molecular source H2GaN3 (1999)

We report the development of a simple and highly efficient chemical approach to growing GaN thin films between 150 and 700 °C using a single molecular source, H2GaN3. Uncommonly low-temperature growth of nanocrystalline GaN films with a wurtzite structure is readily achieved at 150–200 °C from the thermodynamically driven decomposition of the precursor via complete elimination of the stable and relatively benign H2 and N2 by-products. Highly oriented columnar growth of crystalline material is obtained on Si at 350–700 °C and heteroepitaxial growth on sapphire at 650 °C. Crucial advantages of this precursor include: significant vapor pressure which permits rapid mass transport at 22 °C; and the facile decomposition pathway of stoichiometric elimination of H2 and N2 over a wide temperature and pressure range which allows film growth at very low temperatures and pressures (10−4–10−8 Torr) with growth rates up to 80 nm per minute.
Adaptive gamma processing of the video cameras for the expansion of the dynamic range (1995)

The authors have developed a new method for the expansion of the dynamic range of a video camera. A variable and nonlinear gamma characteristic is applied to the input image depending on the distribution of the luminance. The gamma characteristic is decided so as to amplify the luminance of the dark pixels and to preserve the contrast of the bright pixels for the back-lit objects. The output luminance equals the input luminance for the front-lit objects. The authors have established the decision rule of the gamma characteristic using the learning algorithms of the neural networks in order to make the decision rule coincide with the human vision. The effect of the new method is expansion of the dynamic range by 9.6 dB. The authors have developed a new structure for the implementation of the gamma decision rule. It consists of a cascade connection of RAMs and its scale is less than 1/100 than the conventional structure with a single RAM. They have implemented the adaptive gamma processing in a consumer video camera.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stress Stimulates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Meiotic Resumption in Mouse Oocytes (2005)

This study examined the effects of three different cellular stresses on oocyte maturation in meiotically arrested mouse oocytes. Cumulus-cell enclosed oocytes (CEO) or denuded oocytes (DO) from immature, eCG-primed mice were cultured for 17-18 h in dbcAMP-containing medium plus increasing concentrations of the metabolic poison, sodium arsenite, or the free radical-generating agent, menadione. Alternatively, oocytes were exposed to osmotic stress by pulsing with sorbitol and returned to control inhibitory conditions for the duration of culture. Arsenite and menadione each dose-dependently induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB) in both DO and CEO. DO, but not CEO, pulsed for 60 min with 500 mM sorbitol were stimulated to resume maturation. The lack of effect in CEO suggests that the cumulus cells may be playing a protective role in osmotic stress-induced GVB. The AMP-activated protein kinase (PRKA; formerly known as AMPK) inhibitors, compound C and araA, completely blocked the meiosis-stimulating effects of all the tested stresses. Western blots showed that acetyl-CoA carboxylase, an important substrate of PRKA, was phosphorylated before GVB, supporting a role for PRKA in stress-induced maturation. Together, these data show that a variety of stresses stimulate GVB in meiotically arrested mouse oocytes in vitro and suggest that this effect is mediated through activation of PRKA.
Automatic change detection of driving environments in a vision-based driver assistance system (2003)

Detecting critical changes of environments while driving is an important task in driver assistance systems. In this paper, a computational model motivated by human cognitive processing and selective attention is proposed for this purpose. The computational model consists of three major components, referred to as the sensory, perceptual, and conceptual analyzers. The sensory analyzer extracts temporal and spatial information from video sequences. The extracted information serves as the input stimuli to a spatiotemporal attention (STA) neural network embedded in the perceptual analyzer. If consistent stimuli repeatedly innervate the neural network, a focus of attention will be established in the network. The attention pattern associated with the focus, together with the location and direction of motion of the pattern, form what we call a categorical feature. Based on this feature, the class of the attention pattern and, in turn, the change in driving environment corresponding to the class are determined using a configurable adaptive resonance theory (CART) neural network, which is placed in the conceptual analyzer. Various changes in driving environment, both in daytime and at night, have been tested. The experimental results demonstrated the feasibilities of both the proposed computational model and the change detection system.
Analysis of single-ion multiple-bit upset in high-density DRAMs (2000)

New types of multiple-bit upset (MBU) modes have been identified in high density DRAMs (16 Mbit and 64 Mbit). The identification of the mechanisms responsible for the new modes is based on detailed physical bit-map analysis.
Scaling Up Models and Data with $\texttt{t5x}$ and $\texttt{seqio}$ (2022)

Recent neural network-based language models have benefited greatly from scaling up the size of training datasets and the number of parameters in the models themselves. Scaling can be complicated due to various factors including the need to distribute computation on supercomputer clusters (e.g., TPUs), prevent bottlenecks when infeeding data, and ensure reproducible results. In this work, we present two software libraries that ease these issues: $\texttt{t5x}$ simplifies the process of building and training large language models at scale while maintaining ease of use, and $\texttt{seqio}$ provides a task-based API for simple creation of fast and reproducible training data and evaluation pipelines. These open-source libraries have been used to train models with hundreds of billions of parameters on datasets with multiple terabytes of training data. Along with the libraries, we release configurations and instructions for T5-like encoder-decoder models as well as GPT-like decoder-only architectures. $\texttt{t5x}$ and $\texttt{seqio}$ are open source and available at https://github.com/google-research/t5x and https://github.com/google/seqio, respectively.
Adenosylhomocysteinase from Yellow Lupin Seeds (1977)

Adenosylhomocysteinase from yellow lupin seeds (Lupinus luteus) has been purified to homogeneity. Active enzyme, Mr = 110000, consists of two probably identical subunits with Mr = 55000 as judged by gel filtration and dodecyl sulphage/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was shown to be 4.9 +/- 0.1. It was demonstrated by disc and pore gradient electrophoresis that the most purified fraction formed multimers. The enzyme shows optimum activity at pH 8.5-9.0. Km values are 2.3 micrometer, 4.6 mM and 12 micrometer for adenosine, DL-homocysteine and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, respectively. The energy of activation for S-adenosylhomocysteine synthesis was estimated as 14.4 kcal/mol (60.2 kJ/mol) and temperature coefficient as 2.4. The equilibrium constant for the hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine amounts to 5 X 10(-7) M. Anti-sulfhydryl reagents such as p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide acted as irreversible inhibitors. The enzyme exhibits high specificity for homocysteine whereas some of the rare nucleosides tested could substitute for adenosine.
Using Diffractive Optical Elements (2018)

Abstract A diffractive optical element (DOE) uses thin micro‐structure patterns to alter the phase of the light that is propagated through it. Those micro‐structures, once properly designed, can manipulate the light to almost any desired intensity profile or shape. This technology enables many functions and light manipulations which are not feasible with standard refractive optics. In many applications, these functions are highly beneficial and improve system performance significantly. Diffractive optical solutions have many advantages such as: high efficiency, high precision, small dimensions, low weight, and, most importantly, are flexible solutions that meet a variety of different applications' requirements.
How Many Arms Make a Pair? Perceptual Illusion of Having an Additional Limb (2009)

What are the natural constraints for the human body representation? Here I report a perceptual illusion where healthy individuals experience having two right arms, with both sensing touches applied to them. This effect reveals how visual and tactile signals from the body are integrated in a probabilistic fashion, resulting in a single limb being represented at two locations at the same time, giving rise to a perceptual duplication of this limb. This is an important observation because it suggests that even the gross morphology that we experience of ourselves is a construct resulting from dynamic and integrative processes in the perceptual systems.