gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A tunable dual‐promoter integrator for targeting of cancer cells (2010)

Precise discrimination between similar cellular states is essential for autonomous decision-making scenarios, such as in vivo targeting of diseased cells. Discrimination could be achieved by delivering an effector gene expressed under a highly active context-specific promoter. Yet, a single-promoter approach has linear response and offers limited control of specificity and efficacy. Here, we constructed a dual-promoter integrator, which expresses an effector gene only when the combined activity of two internal input promoters is high. A tunable response provides flexibility in choosing promoter inputs and effector gene output. Experiments using one premalignant and four cancer cell lines, over a wide range of promoter activities, revealed a digital-like response of input amplification following a sharp activation threshold. The response function is cell dependent with its overall magnitude increasing with degree of malignancy. The tunable digital-like response provides robustness, acts to remove input noise minimizing false-positive identification of cell states, and improves targeting precision and efficacy.
In Vivo, Villin Is Required for Ca2+-Dependent F-Actin Disruption in Intestinal Brush Borders (1999)

Villin is an actin-binding protein localized in intestinal and kidney brush borders. In vitro, villin has been demonstrated to bundle and sever F-actin in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. We generated knockout mice to study the role of villin in vivo. In villin-null mice, no noticeable changes were observed in the ultrastructure of the microvilli or in the localization and expression of the actin-binding and membrane proteins of the intestine. Interestingly, the response to elevated intracellular Ca(2+) differed significantly between mutant and normal mice. In wild-type animals, isolated brush borders were disrupted by the addition of Ca(2+), whereas Ca(2+) had no effect in villin-null isolates. Moreover, increase in intracellular Ca(2+) by serosal carbachol or mucosal Ca(2+) ionophore A23187 application abolished the F-actin labeling only in the brush border of wild-type animals. This F-actin disruption was also observed in physiological fasting/refeeding experiments. Oral administration of dextran sulfate sodium, an agent that causes colonic epithelial injury, induced large mucosal lesions resulting in a higher death probability in mice lacking villin, 36 +/- 9.6%, compared with wild-type mice, 70 +/- 8.8%, at day 13. These results suggest that in vivo, villin is not necessary for the bundling of F-actin microfilaments, whereas it is necessary for the reorganization elicited by various signals. We postulate that this property might be involved in cellular plasticity related to cell injury.
Adaptive error control coding for a Mobile Broadband System (2002)

The Mobile Broadband System (MBS) under research in Europe aims at offering to mobile users an ATM-based radio access to the future integrated broadband communications network. It is well known that a high-quality transmission channel (operating at MM-wave frequencies) can be assumed within the fixed broadband network; however, this is far from being expected in the radio links of the future mobile system. This paper is concerned with the design of an error control coding scheme for a first stage of MBS implementation. The proposed scheme is a very flexible, hybrid one, which is based on the concatenation of a convolutional inner code, and a Reed-Solomon outer code, and combines ARQ and FEC features in an adaptive manner, under an implicit evaluation of the channel state. It is powerful enough to cope with poor channel conditions and is compatible with both ATM characteristics and those of a wide range of services (including required BER below 10/sup -6/ with a delay of a few ms). A set of simulation results illustrates the advantages of the proposed error control coding scheme.
Measurement of a Saturated Emission of Optical Radiation from Gold Nanoparticles: Application to an Ultrahigh Resolution Microscope (2014)

We show that scattering from a single gold nanoparticle is saturable for the first time. Wavelength-dependent study reveals that the saturation behavior is governed by depletion of surface plasmon resonance, not the thermal effect. We observed interesting flattening of the point spread function of scattering from a single nanoparticle due to saturation. By extracting the saturated part of scattering via temporal modulation, we achieve λ/8 point spread function in far-field imaging with unambiguous separation of adjacent particles.
New Class of Acetal Derived from Glycerin as a Biodiesel Fuel Component (2008)

The biodiesel production increase in the last few years has led to an overproduction of glycerin, the main byproduct of this industry. To avoid a glut in the glycerin market, many researchers are exploring new uses for this product. One of the most promising research areas is the use of glycerin-based additives to improve biodiesel properties. In this context, this paper presents the results of the study of a new oxygenate synthesized from crude glycerin as a biodiesel additive. The obtained results reveal that new acetal (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl acetate not only improves biodiesel viscosity but also meets the requirements established by diesel and biodiesel fuels by the European and American Standards (EN 14214 and ASTM D6751, respectively) for other important parameters, such as flash point and oxidation stability, that have not been studied before with previous acetals. The comparison study between this new acetal and the known additive glycerol triacetate (triacetin) demonstrates that this new compound can compete with other biodiesel additives. Moreover, along this work, new synthetic methodology of triacetin has been designed using new reaction conditions, which avoid high temperatures and the presence of catalysts.
Sizing of 3-D Arbitrary Defects Using Magnetic Flux Leakage Measurements (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new procedure to estimate the shape of the opening and the depth profile of an arbitrary three-dimensional (3-D) defect from magnetic flux leakage (MFL) measurements. We first use the Canny edge detection algorithm to estimate the shape of the defect opening. Then we use an inversion procedure based on the space mapping (SM) methodology in order to approximate the defect depth profile efficiently. To demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed inversion technique, we reconstruct defects of arbitrary shapes from simulated MFL signals. The procedure is then tested with experimental data of two metal-loss defects. In both cases, the proposed approach shows good agreement between the actual and estimated defect parameters.
Isolation and identification of volatile components from wild rice grain (Zizania aquatica) (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and identification of volatile components from wild rice grain (Zizania aquatica)Donald A. Withycombe, Robert C. Lindsay, and David A. StuiberCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978, 26, 4, 816–822Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60218a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60218a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunity to sporozoite-induced malaria infeciton in mice. I. The effect of immunization of T and B cell-deficient mice. (1977)

The cellular basis of immunity to sporozoites was investigated by examing the effect of immunization of T and B cell-deficient C57BL/6N X BALB/c AnN F1 (BLCF1) mice compared to immunocompetent controls. Immunization of T cell-deficient (ATX-BM-ATS) BLCF1 mice with x-irradiated sporozoites did not result in the generation of protective immunity. The same immunization protocols protected all immunocompetent controls. In contrast, B cell-deficient (micron-suppressed) BLCF1 mice were protected by immunization in the majority of cases. The absence of detectable serum circumsporozoite precipitins or sporozoite neutralizing activity in the micron-suppressed mice that resisted a sporozoite challenge suggests a minor role for these humoral factors in protection. These data demonstrate a preeminent role for T cells in the induction of protective immunity in BLCF 1 mice against a P. berghei sporozoite infection.
Enhancing Effect of IL-1α on Neurogenesis from Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Implication for Inflammatory Mediators in Regenerative Medicine (2007)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are mesoderm-derived cells, primarily resident in adult bone marrow. MSCs show lineage specificity in generating specialized cells such as stroma, fat, and cartilage. MSCs express MHC class II and function as phagocytes and APCs. Despite these immune-enhancing properties, MSCs also exert veto functions and show evidence for allogeneic transplantation. These properties, combined with ease in isolation and expansion, demonstrate MSCs as attractive candidates for tissue repair across allogeneic barriers. MSCs have also been shown to transdifferentiate in neuronal cells. We have reported expression of the neurotransmitter gene, Tac1, in MSC-derived neuronal cells, with no evidence of translation unless cells were stimulated with IL-1alpha. This result led us to question the potential role of immune mediators in the field of stem cell therapy. Using Tac1 as an experimental model, IL-1alpha was used as a prototypical inflammatory mediator to study functions on MSC-derived neuronal cells. Undifferentiated MSCs and those induced to form neurons were studied for their response to IL-1alpha and other proinflammatory cytokines using production of the major Tac1 peptide, substance P (SP), as readout. Although IL-1alpha induced high production of SP, a similar effect was not observed for all tested cytokines. The induced SP was capable of reuptake via its high-affinity NK1R and was found to stabilize IL-1R mRNA. IL-1alpha also enhanced the rate of neurogenesis, based on expression of neuronal markers and cRNA microarray analyses. The results provide evidence that inflammatory mediators need to be considered when deciding the course of MSC transplantation.
A Good Practice Towards Top Performance of Face Recognition: Transferred Deep Feature Fusion (2017)

Unconstrained face recognition performance evaluations have traditionally focused on Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) dataset for imagery and the YouTubeFaces (YTF) dataset for videos in the last couple of years. Spectacular progress in this field has resulted in saturation on verification and identification accuracies for those benchmark datasets. In this paper, we propose a unified learning framework named Transferred Deep Feature Fusion (TDFF) targeting at the new IARPA Janus Benchmark A (IJB-A) face recognition dataset released by NIST face challenge. The IJB-A dataset includes real-world unconstrained faces from 500 subjects with full pose and illumination variations which are much harder than the LFW and YTF datasets. Inspired by transfer learning, we train two advanced deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) with two different large datasets in source domain, respectively. By exploring the complementarity of two distinct DCNNs, deep feature fusion is utilized after feature extraction in target domain. Then, template specific linear SVMs is adopted to enhance the discrimination of framework. Finally, multiple matching scores corresponding different templates are merged as the final results. This simple unified framework exhibits excellent performance on IJB-A dataset. Based on the proposed approach, we have submitted our IJB-A results to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for official evaluation. Moreover, by introducing new data and advanced neural architecture, our method outperforms the state-of-the-art by a wide margin on IJB-A dataset.
The sphingosine-I -phosphate receptor EDG-I is essential for platelet-derived growth factor-induced cell motility (2001)

EDG-1, encoded by the endothelial differentiation gene-1, is a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) that has been shown to stimulate angiogenesis and cell migration in cultured endothelial cells. Unexpectedly, EDG-1 knockout embryos had a normal blood vessel network, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, but died in utero owing to massive haemorrhaging as a result of failure of smooth muscle cells and pericytes to migrate around the circumference and reinforce endothelial tubes [Liu, Wada, Yamashita, Mi, Deng, Hobson, Rosenfeldt, Nava, Chae, Lee, et al. (2000) J. Clin. Invest. 106, 951–961]. This vascular maturation defect is similar to the phenotype of mice homozygous for disrupted alleles of platelet-derived growth factor B-subunit homodimer (PDGF-BB) or its receptor PDGFR-β. We found that fibroblasts from EDG-1 null embryos did not migrate toward PDGF or SPP, and inhibition of motility correlated with defective activation of the small guanosine triphosphatase Rac, which is required for lamellipodia formation and directional locomotion [Hobson, Rosenfeldt, Barak, Olivera, Poulton, Caron, Milstien, and Spiegel (2001) Science 291, 1800–1803]. Moreover, we showed that PDGF-directed cell migration requires both sphingosine kinase activation and expression of EDG-1, suggesting a functional link between PDGF signalling and EDG-1. Indeed, treatment of wild-type cells with PDGF transactivated EDG-1 as determined by translocation of β-arrestin and phosphorylation of EDG-1. These findings reveal a new paradigm for receptor cross-communication in which activation of a GPCR by a receptor tyrosine kinase is critical for cell motility. Our observations might also clarify the role of EDG-1 in vascular maturation and angiogenesis.
In Vitro Simulation of Rumen Fermentation: Apparatus and Effects of Dilution Rate and Continuous Dialysis on Fermentation and Protozoal Population (1973)

Studies were conducted with an in vitro simulation of the rumen fermentation using a specially designed artificial rumen of permeable continuous culture type which would simulate both the removal of end-products of fermentation and flow of ingesta. Experiments were made to determine the effects of dialysis and dilution rate on the fermentation and microbial population in the continuous culture, using permeable and impermeable culture systems for 4 days with low dilution rate (0.5 volume turnovers/day) and high dilution rate (1.2 or l.5 volume turnovers/day). In the impermeable culture systems with low dilution rate, the accumulation of the end-products of fermentation inhibited microbial growth. Metabolic stability of the in vitro system occurred when high dilution rates were adopted, but a decrease in the numbers of protozoa was observed. In the permeable culture system with low dilution rate (0.5 volume turnovers/day), the fermentation patterns showed resemblance to those obtained in vivo, and the population of entodiniomorphs was maintained. The numbers of holotrich protozoa could not be maintained, and the variations in the composition of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and the content of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) indicated that there were some shifts in microbial population in every experiment.
The effects of inbreeding and artificial selection on reproductive fitness (1962)

The competitive-index method of measurement of over all fitness in Drosophila has been used to measure the effect of inbreeding and of artificial selection for metric characters in a large population of Drosophila melanogaster . The technique itself was examined in detail with particular reference to its repeatability and to the effect on it of the modification of various environmental variables. With continued full-sib mating the decline in the competitive index was very rapid (it was reduced to a half by a single generation of full-sib mating) and there were no indications that interactions between deleterious genes at different loci were important in determining the rate of decline of fitness as inbreeding increased. Other unselected lines with ten pairs of parents in each generation were carried to serve as a control for the lines under artificial selection. At the same theoretical degree of inbreeding the control lines had a much higher average fitness than the lines produced by continued full-sib mating. From the base population lines were selected in both directions for abdominal bristles, sternopleural bristles and for wing length, there being two replicates in all cases. Four control lines were kept with the same number of parents as the selected lines. In all cases the selected lines declined in fitness below the value for the base population. However, in three of the lines the fitness was not significantly below the value for the control lines. The effect of artificial selection on fitness was asymmetrical, the decline being greater with down selection for all characters. The relevance of these results to various theoretical models is discussed. If the variation in these characters is actively maintained in the base population by the selection of heterozygotes then the results are consistent with an average selection disadvantage of homozygotes relative to heterozygotes of about 0·5%.
Simultaneous clostridial fermentation, lipase‐catalyzed esterification, and ester extraction to enrich diesel with butyl butyrate (2012)

The recovery of 1-butanol from fermentation broth is energy-intensive since typical concentrations in fermentation broth are below 20 g L(-1). To prevent butanol inhibition and high downstream processing costs, we aimed at producing butyl esters instead of 1-butanol. It is shown that it is possible to perform simultaneously clostridial fermentation, esterification of the formed butanol to butyl butyrate, and extraction of this ester by hexadecane. The very high partition coefficient of butyl butyrate pulls the esterification towards the product side even at fermentation pH and relatively low butanol concentrations. The hexadecane extractant is a model diesel compound and is nontoxic to the cells. If butyl butyrate enriched diesel can directly be used as car fuel, no product recovery is required. A proof-of-principle experiment for the one-pot bio-ester production from glucose led to 5 g L(-1) butyl butyrate in the hexadecane phase. The principle may be extended to a wide range of esters, especially to longer chain ones.
Advances in Planar and Integrated Magnetics (2011)

The trend toward high power density, high operating frequency, and low profile in power converters has exposed a number of limitations in the use of conventional wirewound magnetic component structures. Transformers made of the planar principle eliminate virtually some shortcomings of old‐fashioned wire wound types, and thus planar magnetics, has in recent years, become increasingly popular in high frequency power converters. First, an overview of basic planar magnetics technology used in general dc‐dc converters is presented. PCB or flexible PCB windings as a main construction together with planar cores yield a number of advantages over the conventional magnetics. Meanwhile, some limitations of planar magnetics are also introduced. Secondly, fundamental characteristics of planar magnetics are investigated through winding conduction loss, core loss, leakage inductance and interwinding capacitance. Accordingly, a clear cognition for the intrinsic properties of planar magnetics has been given. Trade‐offs is unavoidable in the magnetics design, and thus an analysis of tradeoffs is necessary for an optimum design in a high quality dc‐dc converter. In addition, an improved interwinding arrangement is proposed to further reduce winding conduction loss, leakage inductance, and even interwinding capacitance. With the development of multilayer PCB, the integrated magnetics with planar structure can be easily implemented. Hence, planar integrated magnetics technique as a major part of this thesis is investigated. The history and the evolution of integrated magnetics in power converters have been described. It is recalled, that integrated magnetics allows less number of parts, lower volume and cost of the converter, and higher efficiency. Many innovative ideas are proposed and experimentally verified. • E‐I‐E core structure with integrated transformers and inductors is applied into the two recent developed dc‐dc topologies. • A new method to integrate the current balancing transformer with common input inductor for the primary‐parallel dc‐dc converter is proposed. • A low profile and low cost integrated inductors with stacked I‐cores for multiplephase interleaved dc‐dc converters is proposed. • Ultra‐thin coupled inductors design for flexible PV module is introduced. A 1.5‐ mm thickness integrated coupled inductor with sandwich core structure is under investigation. • A “four quadrants integrated transformer” utilizing orthogonal flux to decouple the two primary windings has been applied to a dual‐input isolated boost dc‐dc converter.
Electrophysiological actions of GABA<sub>B</sub> agonists and antagonists in rat dorso‐lateral septal neurones <i>in vitro</i> (1996)

1. The actions of GABAB-receptor agonists and antagonists on rat dorso-lateral septal neurones in vitro were recorded with intracellular microelectrodes. 2. In the presence of 1 microM tetrodotoxin to prevent indirect neuronal effects caused by action potential-dependent neurotransmitter release, bath application of baclofen (0.1-30 microM) or SK&F 97541 (0.01-3 microM) evoked concentration-dependent hyperpolarizations which reversed close to the potassium equilibrium potential; the EC50S were 0.55 and 0.05 microM, respectively. No significant desensitization was observed during prolonged agonist exposure (< or = 10 min). 3. Hyperpolarizations induced by baclofen were antagonized in a competitive manner by the following GABAB-receptors antagonists (calculated pA2 values in parentheses): CGP 36742 (4.0), 2-OH saclofen (4.2), CGP 35348 (4.5), CGP 52432 (6.7) and CGP 55845A (8.3). Responses to SK&F 97541 were also antagonized by CGP 55845A (pA2 = 8.4). 4. The amplitude of the late, GABAB receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potential (i.p.s.p.) was reduced by the GABAB antagonists as follows (means +/- s.e.mean): CGP 55845A (1 microM) 91 +/- 5%, CGP 52432 (1 microM) 64 +/- 5%, CGP 35348 (100 microM) 82 +/- 5%, CGP 36742 (100 microM) 76 +/- 8%, and 2-OH saclofen (100 microM) 68 +/- 3%. 5. It is concluded that neurones in the rat dorso-lateral septal nucleus express conventional GABAB receptors, which are involved in the generation of slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. CGP 55845A is the most potent GABAB receptor antagonist described in this brain area.