gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical comparison of two headless compression screws for scaphoid fixation. (2009)

This study compared compression generation between two headless compression screws: the Synthes 3.0-mm and the Acutrak standard. Twenty scaphoids were harvested from 10 pairs of fresh cadaveric forearms. A washer-shaped load cell was inserted between the halves of each scaphoid created by a simulated fracture via osteotomy. One scaphoid of each pair was tested with the Synthes and the other with the Acutrak. Parameters of interest were peak screw torque and fracture site compression. Differences in parameters of interest were checked for significance (p < .05) with paired t tests. No significant differences were shown in mean (+/- standard deviation) peak torque (57 +/- 28 Ncm vs. 55 +/- 32 Ncm; p < .84), compression immediately after insertion (119 +/- 54 N vs. 91 +/- 37 N; p < .15), or compression 5 min after insertion (32 +/- 30 N vs. 38 +/- 24 N; p < .61) between the Synthes and Acutrak screw fixations, respectively. The choice between these two screws to stabilize scaphoid waist fractures should be based on parameters other than compression generation, such as size, availability, cost, and ease of use of the implant.
Polymeric Nanoparticles Containing Combination Antiretroviral Drugs for HIV Type 1 Treatment (2013)

The use of combination antiretroviral nanoparticles (cART NPs) was investigated as a novel treatment approach for the inhibition of HIV-1 replication. We developed nanoparticles of biodegradable polymer, poly-(dl-lactide-co-glycolic acid; PLGA) containing efavirenz (EFV) and boosted lopinavir (lopinavir/ritonavir; LPV/r) by a high-pressure homogenization method. The method resulted in >79% drug entrapment efficiency for each of the three drugs. The average size of cART NPs was 138.3±55.4 nm as measured by dynamic light scanning, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an average surface charge of -13.7±4.5. Lissamine-rhodamine-labeled fluorescent PLGA NPs exhibited efficient uptake in nonimmune (HeLa cells) and immune (H9 T cells) cells as measured by confocal microscopy. Cells treated with cART NPs resulted in minimal loss of cell viability over 28 days. Subcellular fractionation studies demonstrated that HIV-1-infected H9 monocytic cells treated with cART NPs contained significantly (p<0.05) higher nuclear, cytoskeleton, and membrane antiretroviral drug levels compared to cells treated with drug solutions alone. Finally, cART NPs efficiently inhibited HIV-1 infection and transduction. The IC50 for each of the three drugs in the cART NPs was <31 nM. These experiments demonstrate the efficacy of a novel PLGA NPs formulation for the delivery of cART to inhibit HIV-1 replication.
Bone and maxillofacial abnormalities in thalassemia: a review of the literature. (2009)

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder due to an imbalanced globin chain synthesis leading to anaemia that requires regular blood transfusions and iron-chelating therapy. Of all organ failures secondary to iron deposit, and all the complications, heart failure still represents the first cause of death. Osteopenia and osteoporosis can be considered important causes of morbidity in a population whose lifespan is getting longer, with a strong impact on their quality of life. Authors have reported mainly bone, oral and maxillofacial abnormalities and relative complications, especially in terms of traumatic risk, in patients affected by thalassemia. As examples, this study reports bone modifications in three clinical cases; one of these was also complicated with a femoral fracture, surgically treated with the same criteria of metastatic femoral bone disease. More research on this topic is necessary for the prevention of several complications caused by this disease, and to carefully plan dental or traumatologic operations.
Hypothiocyanite Ion; the Inhibitor Formed by the System Lactoperoxidase-Thiocyanate-Hydrogen Peroxide (1977)

The initial step in the lactoperoxidase (LPO) catalysed oxidation of thiocyanate (SCN––) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) leads to the formation of hypothiocyanite (OSCN––), the ion of hypothiocyanous acid. In dilute non-acid solutions, the compound is much more stable than previous investigations have suggested. OSCN–– was prepared non-enzymatically, by the hydrolysis of thiocyanogen (SCN)2 in strongly alkaline solution. These solutions were inhibitory towards bacteria, in the same way as the LPO preparations. OSCN–– oxidises thiol groups, and during this reaction SCN–– is regenerated. Since the inhibitory effect of the LPO system has been shown to be due the oxidation of enzymes containing essential thiol groups, it is postulated that OSCN–– is identical to the inhibitor. The over-all mechanism can be explained by an interference in the NADH-NADPH balance of the cell. In the presence of LPO the oxidation of NADH, giving H2O2, results via OSCN–– in the oxidation of thiols. For their reduction again, however, NADPH is required.
Clinical and prognostic value of autoantibodies in Puerto Ricans with systemic lupus erythematosus (2006)

The aim of this study was to determine the association between lupus autoantibodies and the clinical manifestations and outcome in a cohort of Puerto Ricans patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). All patients fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SLE. Demographic parameters, clinical manifestations over time and damage accrual were obtained at the last study visit. Disease damage was assessed with the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index (SDI). ANA, ANA pattern, and anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, anti-Ro (SSA), anti-La (SSB) and anti-snRNP antibodies were measured at the time of SLE diagnosis. Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, ANOVA, logistic regression and general lineal model analyses were used to evaluate these associations. Ninety-six percent of patients were females. The cohort had a mean age of 40.2 +/- 12.0 years and mean disease duration of 9.6 +/- 7.0 years. Patients with elevated anti-dsDNA antibodies were more likely to have vasculitis, pericardial effusion, renal involvement, anaemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. Anti-Smith antibodies were positively associated with skin ulcerations, elevated liver enzymes, renal involvement and thrombocytopenia. Anti-Ro antibodies were related with the presence of discoid lupus, serositis, pneumonitis, elevated liver enzymes, hemolytic anaemia, leukopenia and lymphopenia. No positive associations were found for anti-snRNP or anti-La antibodies. The presence of anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith and anti-Ro antibodies was associated with higher SDI scores. In conclusion, anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith and anti-Ro antibodies are associated with several clinical manifestations and more damage accrual in Puerto Ricans with SLE. These findings provide valuable clinical and prognostic information for this ethnic population.
Nine-band planar printed antenna for mobile handsets (2015)

A nine-band planar printed antenna with a compact size of 20mm×28mm×0.8mm for mobile handsets is proposed.A meandering monopole,aparasitic ground branch and a coupling branch are adopted to generate five resonant modes,and the impedance matching is improved by introducing three tuning pads and a step-shaped transition structure near the feeding point for all the resonance modes,resulting in enhanced operating bands of the proposed antenna.By analyzing the effects of the crucial parameters of the proposed antenna on the bandwidth,the crucial parameters are optimized and the desired performance is obtained.The measured-6dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna prototype ranges from 700 to 1 008 MHz and from 1 692 to 2 984 MHz,covering the LTE700/2300/2500,GSM850/900,DCS/PCS/UMTS and 2.4-GHz WLAN bands.Good radiation performances are achieved over the operating bands.
Easily crosslinkable side-chain azobenzene polymers for fast and persistent fixation of surface relief gratings (2014)

A facile and highly efficient approach to achieve rapid and persistent fixation of the photoinduced surface relief gratings is described.
Cell lines with reduced UDP-N-acetylhexosamine pool in the presence of ammonium (1999)

The glycosylation of pharmaglycoproteins from recombinant cell lines can be affected by an uncontrolled accumulation of ammonium in the medium. Glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) has been proposed as the key enzyme responsible for elevating the intracellular UDP-N-acetylhexosamine pool (UDPGNAc) by accepting ammonium from the medium of cultured mammalian cells. As previously reported, the increased UDPGNAc pool then affects the N-glycan complexity in glycoproteins. To understand the entry of extracellular ammonium into the cellular metabolism, GPI has been isolated to homogeneity from BHK-21 cells and characterized. Thus, the complete pathway by which ammonium enters the cellular metabolism was elucidated. To reduce the negative effects of ammonium, GPI was inhibited using two different strategies. First, the addition of mannose to the culture media and, second, antisense RNA expression. In both cases, the cellular UDPGNAc pool was suppressed in the presence of high ammonium concentrations in the medium. However, constant suppression of the UDPGNAc pool could not be achieved by antisense RNA expression because antisense clones were apparently unstable. Further studies showed that the main reason for instability was the inducibility of GPI by its substrate ammonium. GPI was induced to a factor of two under ammonium-containing medium conditions. We propose gene knockout technology for GPI repression to obtain cell lines consisting of an UDPGNAc pool unaffected by the presence of ammonium.
Cytokine Patterns in Patients After Major Vascular Surgery, Hemorrhagic Shock, and Severe Blunt Trauma Relation with Subsequent Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Multiple Organ Failure (1993)

In the early postinjury phase, higher concentrations of these cytokines are associated, not only with an increased mortality rate, but also with an increased risk for subsequent ARDS and MOF. These data therefore support the concept that these syndromes are caused by an overwhelming autodestructive inflammatory response.
Optical Detection of Single Molecules in Solids (1993)

Abstract We present results on optical detection of individual dye molecules diluted at low concentration in crystals and in polymers. There is now no doubt about the feasibility of such experiments which can easily allow the study of local environments. This paper is devoted to our contribution from the beginning to this spectroscopy domain in which several papers have recently appeared. We also report results about Stark effect on single molecule in a solid. In this particular case we choose to apply an electric field on a non-centrosymmetric molecule in a disordered system.
Analysis of the mechanism of recognition in the complement alternative pathway using C3b-bound low molecular weight polysaccharides. (1989)

The human complement (C) system recognizes bacterial, fungal and viral activators of the alternative pathway following covalent attachment of the protein C3b to carbohydrates (CHO) on the surface of the organisms. Recognition first manifests itself as a 3- to 10-fold reduction in the affinity of C3b for factor H, a regulatory protein of C. This report describes the use of a fluorimetric assay which is sensitive to the C3b-H interaction to study the characteristics of recognition. Fluid phase C3b covalently bound to CHO (C3b-CHO) was prepared by activating C3 in the presence of the small homopolymers dextran (alpha 1-6 polyglucose) or inulin (beta 1-2 polyfructose). In particulate form both polysaccharides are activators of C. The conjugates exhibited increased resistance to inactivation in the factor H-dependent assays compared to C3b not bound to CHO and to C3b bound to mono- or disaccharides. The dextran-induced restriction of inactivation was partially reversed by treatment of the conjugate with dextranase. C3b-CHO conjugates failed to bind to factor H-Sepharose and when introduced into serum behaved as though C3b was attached to particulate activators of C, suggesting that the fluorimetric assay accurately reports recognition. The results suggest that the recognition site which induces a reduction in the affinity of C3b for factor H is distinct from the thioester site of C3b and can recognize structural features of polysaccharides including size, sialic acid content, and possibly aspects of three-dimensional oligosaccharide structure.
Sams Teach Yourself C++ in 10 Minutes (1999)

From the Publisher:
C++ remains a popular object-oriented language and Sams Teach Yourself C++ in 10 Minutes provides a quick, focused way to learn the language. The author assumes no prior programming experience and begins by showing the reader the absolute fundamentals of what a program is and guides the readers to write their very first program. It covers all the important topics in C++ and provides a sold foundation on which to build programming knowledge. The material is reorganized to fit proven teaching techniques with about thirty percent of the text rewritten. All examples are new to comply with the current ANSI C++ standard and make them completely compatible with all popular compilers.
Endogenous digitalis-like factor in patients with acute myocardial infarction. (1992)

The authors examined endogenous digitalis-like factor (DLF) concentrations in the serum and urine in 65 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Radioimmunoassay was used for the examination and patients' data were analyzed in detail in relation to sex, risk factors and acute myocardial infarction complications. The concentrations of digitalis-like factor found in the serum of men (0.317 +/- 0.026 micrograms/l) and women (0.256 +/- 0.057 micrograms/l) with acute myocardial infarction were much higher compared with values of healthy men (0.009 +/- 0.004 micrograms/l) and women (0.015 +/- 0.012 micrograms/l). This finding is in agreement with data published by others and suggests a role of DLF in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction.
Evaluation of transform performance when using shape-adaptive partitioning in video coding (2009)

When combining non-rectangular (shape-adaptive) partitioning of inter pictures with a rectangular block transform, some of the transforms will be applied to a residual signal which originates from two different predictions. This is a condition that is never encountered in any of the existing video coding standards, and the impact of this on the performance of the transform coder has not been investigated. In this paper we investigate the effect of these mixed-signal blocks on the coding gain for various transforms, and we compare these against the optimal KLT gain. We find that, despite the transformed residual block being composed of two parts that were predicted from different areas of the reference picture, correlation within mixed blocks is very similar to that of normal blocks. The DCT is only marginally suboptimal w.r.t. KLT. KLT has practical issues that will reduce its coding gain or increase the signaling overhead: transform bases need to be quantized and transmitted, or a number of fixed bases needs to be chosen offline. Therefore we recommend DCT be used for all types of blocks.
Emergence of<i>Candida auris</i>: An International Call to Arms (2016)

On June 24, 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued an extraordinary alert, advising US healthcare facilities "to be on the lookout for Candida auris in patients" [1]. The alert noted that C. auris infections had been identified in several countries since 2009. Although cases have not been described in the United States, CDC reported that a C. auris isolate from 2013 was detected during ongoing surveillance. Within a week, Public Health England (PHE) announced that C. auris was recovered from healthcare facilities in that country, and 1 hospital has been managing an outbreak involving more than 40 patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) since April 2015 [2]. The outbreak persisted despite regular patient screening, environmental decontamination, ward closure, and other enhanced infection control interventions [2]. In this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Lockhart and colleagues describe the study that prompted the CDC alert [3]. Reports of C. auris infections have been published from Japan, South Korea, India, South Africa, Kuwait, and Venezuela, describing 45 patients with candidemia
No.4 ESS: System Power (1977)

The No. 4 ess system is powered from a 140-volt battery plant. Modular dc-to-dc converters located in system frames are used to change the 140 volts to the many well regulated voltages needed by the ess circuitry. The 24- and 48-volt power required by the system is provided by bulk dc-to-dc converters with 140 volts as an input. The modular converters require no field adjustments, are pluggable, and contain many alarm and shutdown features, some of which are routinely tested by the system. The 24- and 48-volt bulk converters are available in 2.5- and 5-kilowatt sizes and, similar to the modular converters, contain many alarm and shutdown features for the protection of their 24- and 48-volt buses. All converters are designed for low emi (electromagnetic interference) emission and to operate in a room ambient of 0 to 50°C with in frame ambients as high as 75°C. As a function of the output voltage, efficiencies range from 65 to 85 percent. Most converters regulate remotely with typical end-of-life regulation performance of better than ±2.5 percent.
Limulus hemocyte transglutaminase. Its purification and characterization, and identification of the intracellular substrates. (1993)

To investigate further the molecular events of the intracellular coagulation cascade in limulus hemocytes, a transglutaminase (TGase), which may be involved in the formation of a stabilized gel, was purified and characterized. Through the purification procedures consisting of six steps, 1.6 mg of TGase with a specific activity of 940 amine incorporation unit/mg was obtained from 32.4 g of Tachypleus tridentatus hemocytes. The purified TGase gave a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular mass of 86 kDa, and demonstrated mammalian-type II TGase-like enzymatic properties. The TGase activity was Ca(2+)-dependent and was inhibited by primary amines, EDTA, and SH-reagents. Moreover, two major potential substrates for TGase were identified in the hemocyte lysate by using dansylcadaverine (DCA) incorporation in the presence of 10 mM CaCl2 and 10 mM dithiothreitol. Of these protein substrates, an 80-kDa protein contained a large number of proline residues, amounting to about 22% of the total amino acids. On the other hand, an 8.6-kDa protein abundantly present in the hemocytes was characterized as a Cys-rich protein consisting of 81 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular mass of 8,671. The entire amino acid sequence of this protein was established. Also, the 8.6-kDa protein was readily cross-linked intermolecularly by TGase, forming multimers as large as pentamers. We speculate that like plasma factor XIIIa, limulus TGase and its two protein substrates in the hemocytes may play an important role in the defense of this animal against invading microorganisms.
Intratumor T helper type 2 cell infiltrate correlates with cancer-associated fibroblast thymic stromal lymphopoietin production and reduced survival in pancreatic cancer (2011)

Pancreatic cancer is a very aggressive disease characterized by a marked desmoplasia with a predominant Th2 (GATA-3+) over Th1 (T-bet+) lymphoid infiltrate. We found that the ratio of GATA-3+/T-bet+ tumor-infiltrating lymphoid cells is an independent predictive marker of patient survival. Patients surgically treated for stage IB/III disease with a ratio inferior to the median value had a statistically significant prolonged overall survival, implying an active role for Th2 responses in disease progression. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which favors Th2 cell polarization through myeloid dendritic cell (DC) conditioning, was secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) after activation with tumor-derived tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β. TSLP-containing supernatants from activated CAFs induced in vitro myeloid DCs to up-regulate the TSLP receptor (TSLPR), secrete Th2-attracting chemokines, and acquire TSLP-dependent Th2-polarizing capability in vitro. In vivo, Th2 chemoattractants were expressed in the tumor and in the stroma, and TSLPR-expressing DCs were present in the tumor stroma and in tumor-draining but not in nondraining lymph nodes. Collectively, this study identifies in pancreatic cancer a cross talk between tumor cells and CAFs, resulting in a TSLP-dependent induction of Th2-type inflammation which associates with reduced patient survival. Thus, blocking TSLP production by CAFs might help to improve prognosis in pancreatic cancer.
An Oxygen Ion Source for the Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (1975)

An ion source to get an ion beam of oxygen was constructed. A stable ion beam of oxygen was obtained. The current and the diameter of the beam were 1.2×10-7 A and 100μm, respectively. The ion source was attached to a secondary ion mass spectrometer as the primary ion source. The preliminary measurements of the isotopic ratios of chromium, iron, and nickel were performed for the sample of stainless steel. The relative sensitivities of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni to Fe were obtained by the use of the standard sample of low alloy steel(NBS, No. 466). The results were compared with those obtained by the primary ions of argon. It was found that the differences of the relative sensitivities among these elements were small for oxygen primaries compared with that for argon primaries.
Juvenile hormone-like activity of (E)-β-farnesene derivatives (1987)

Le (E)-β-farnesene, la pheromone d'alarme des pucerons, et ses derives ont ete preconises comme agents pour la protection des cultures. La similitude de structure avec les precurseurs des hormones juveniles nous a incite a evaluer les proprietes juvenilisantes de ces composes. Deux categories de substances ont ete distinguees: a) les composes a forte activite qui sont ceux capables de regenerer le farnesene; b) les composes stables sans activite juvenilisante incapables de regenerer le farnesene. L'utilisation de ces derniers permet d'eliminer le risque d'induire la formation de larves surnumeraires susceptibles de produire plus de degâts sur les cultures
Minimizing tour operators' exposure to lawsuits (1997)

Travel generally and group tours particularly have never been bigger businesses than they are today. But at the same time, never have tourists been more at risk for personal injury from a host of causes, including their own activities. To the tour operator, those risks can add up to a large potential liability if a guest is hurt during a tour. Potential liability arises from three sources. First, if the tour operator maintains control of (or actually owns) the vendor in whose care the guest is injured, the tour operator may be held liable. In most cases, the tour operator is merely packaging the services of independent third-party vendors, so control is rarely an issue. Second, if guests determine that the tour operator's descriptive brochures and collateral material created a false sense of security regarding the trip, those guests could then sue if they are hurt. Tour operators should therefore review their publications to ensure that they do not imply that the guest cannot be hurt while on the tour. Finally, if the tour operator is aware of potential danger in a given destination and fails to warn its customers of possible crime or other threat, that tour operator could be liable for any injury to the guest. As a closing note, tour operators must be aware of the variations in law in different countries. An action that would not be a tort, say, in the United States may be considered as such in another country.