gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid-State Ionics-Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conduction in Ag[sub 2]Se-Ag[sub 3]PO[sub 4] Solid Solutions (1972)

New solid solutions, the conduction in which is partly ionic and partlly‐ electronic, have been prepared in the system. Solutions containing have the structure and high ionic conductivity at room temperature. For example, has an ionic conductivity of 0.13 (ohm‐cm)−1 at 25°C. The electronic conductivity and Hall coefficient have been measured as a function of the cation‐to‐ anion ratio. The excess electron concentration varies linearly with the change in the cation‐to‐anion ratio. The solid solution containing which has been equilibrated with metallic silver has an excess electron concentration of at 18°C. Coulometric titration, carried out with the galvanic cell gives the ratio of the effective mass to the free electron mass. At constant temperature, the effective mass increases with increasing electron concentration.
myo-Inositol Oxygenase from Rat Kidneys. I: Purification by Affinity Chromatography; Physical and Catalytic Properties (1979)

Using the technique of affinity chromatography on a myo-inositol-substituted Sepharose, the myo-inositol oxygenase from rat kidneys was purified to homogeneity. The active enzyme contains iron, most probably in its divalent form. Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecylsulphate causes the cleavage of the enzyme protein into apparently identical subunits with a molecular weight of approximately 17,000. The smallest active unit consists of 4 subunits, and is in a pH-dependent equilibium with species consisting of 8, 12, and 16 subunits, respectively, which all show the same specific enzyme activity. In the presence of oxygen the enzyme is highly unstable; at the early stages of inactivation it can be reactivated by reducing agents like NaBH4. Under anaerobic conditions or under the influence of Fe2-chelating agents, the enzyme is also inactivated; this inactivation is caused by the loss of iron and concomitant cleavage into the subunits. It can be reversed by incubation with FeSO4 in the presence of air. If myo-inositol and FeSO4 are present, the reactivation involves an oligomerization to the species with 16 subunits with the uptake of 8 gram-atoms of iron per mole of this species. The enzyme reaction follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics; the Michaelis constants are 4.5 x 10(-2)M for myo-inositol and 9.5 x 10(-6)M for oxygen.
High-Yielding Synthesis of Sphingoid-Type Bases (2009)

An efficient methodology for the synthesis of sphingoid-type bases is reported. It involves the stereoselective addition of a racemic 3-alkoxy allenylzinc to enantiopure N-tert-butylsulfinyl imines and a cross-metathesis reaction as the key steps. It has been successfully applied to the syntheses of sphinganine and naturally occurring bioactive related compounds, among which the hydrolysis product of clavaminol H and two spisulosines. All of these compounds have been prepared in six steps from N-tert-butylsulfinyl imines in high overall yields (>56%).
Natural motion animation through constraining and deconstraining at will (2003)

This paper presents a computational technique for creating whole-body motions of human and animal characters without reference motion. Our work enables animators to generate a natural motion by dragging a link to an arbitrary position with any number of links pinned in the global frame, as well as other constraints such as desired joint angles and joint motion ranges. The method leads to an intuitive pin-and-drag interface where the user can generate whole-body motions by simply switching on or off or strengthening or weakening the constraints. This work is based on a new interactive inverse kinematics technique that allows more flexible attachment of pins and various types of constraints. Editing or retargeting captured motion requires only a small modification to the original method, although it can also create natural motions from scratch. We demonstrate the usefulness and advantage of our method with a number of example motion clips.
Generic incubation law for laser damage and ablation thresholds (2015)

In multi-pulse laser damage and ablation experiments, the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) usually changes with the number of pulses in the train, a phenomenon known as incubation. We introduce a general incubation model based on two physical mechanisms—pulse induced change of (i) absorption and (ii) critical energy that must be deposited to cause ablation. The model is applicable to a broad class of materials and we apply it to fit data for dielectrics and metals. It also explains observed changes of the LIDT as a function of the laser repetition rate. We discuss under which conditions the crater-size method to determine LIDTs can be applied in multi-pulse experiments.
Comparison of the event-related potentials between REM sleep and the sleep onset period (2002)

During the tonic period of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, deviant stimuli elicited a P200 and a late positive wave peaking at 380 ms after stimulus onset. The P200 was more anteriorly and the late positive wave was more posteriorly distributed than the P300 in wakefulness. The amplitude of the late positive wave was larger in the attend condition than in the passive condition. During the sleep onset period, deviant stimuli elicited a P200 and a P400. The P400 was more posteriorly distributed than the P300 in wakefulness. The amplitude of the P400, however, did not differ between the attend and the passive conditions. Our findings suggest that the late positive wave in the REM tonic period resembles the P400 in the sleep onset period but these components are modulated differently by attention.
Design study of a laser-cooled infrared sensor (2015)

The performance of a solid-state optical refrigerator is the result of a complex interplay of numerous optical and thermal parameters. We present a first preliminary study of an optical cryocooler using ray-tracing techniques. A numerical optimization identified a non-resonant cavity with astigmatism. This geometry offered more efficient pump absorption by the YLF:10%Yb laser-cooling crystal compared to non-resonant cavities without astigmatism that have been pursued experimentally so far. Ray tracing simulations indicate that ~80% of the incident pump light can absorbed for temperatures down to ~100 K. Calculations of heat loads, cooling power, and net payload heat lift are presented. They show that it is possible to cool a payload to a range of 90–100 K while producing a net payload heat lift of 80 mW and 300 mW when pumping a YLF:10%Yb crystal with 20 W and 50 W at 1020 nm, respectively. This performance is suited to cool HgCdTe infrared detectors that are used for sensing in the 8–12 μm atmospheric window. While the detector noise would be ~6× greater at 100 K than at 77 K, the laser refrigerator would introduce no vibrations and thus eliminate sources of microphonic noise that are limiting the performance of current systems.
022. Spermatogonial stem cells: from basic research to clinical applications (2004)

The testis contains undifferentiated spermatogonia and is therefore the only adult organ populated with proliferating germline cells. Whereas the biology of these cells is quite well understood in rodents, their modes of mitotic expansion and differentiation are poorly understood in primates. The existence of these cells offers clinically relevant options for preservation and restoration of male fertility. New approaches based on male germ cell transplantation and testicular tissue grafting can be applied to generate a limited number of sperm and could therefore be considered as important new avenues applicable to a variety of disciplines like animal conservation, genetic germline modification or restoration of fertility in oncological patients. In principle, germ cell transplantation presents a removal of the stem cell from the donor's niche and a transfer into the niche of a recipient. Grafting can be considered as a transplantation of the stem cell in conjunction with its niche. Germ cell transplantation of human spermatogonia into mouse testes revealed that the stem cells survive and expand but are not able to differentiate and complete spermatogenesis. We have developed an approach to infuse germ cells into monkey and human testes and showed that germ cell transplantation is feasible as an autologous approach in primates. Furthermore, we applied germ cell transplantation in the monkey model mimicking a gonadal protection strategy for oncological patients. Ectopic xenografting of testicular tissue was applied to generate fertile sperm from a variety of species. Newborn testicular tissue was grafted into the back skin of immunodeficient mice and developed up to qualitatively complete spermatogenesis. The rapid progress in the development of novel experimental strategies to generate sperm from cryopreserved spermatogonial stem cells or immature testicular tissue will lead to many new options for germline manipulation and fertility preservation.
A novel molten-salt electrochemical cell for investigating the reduction of uranium dioxide to uranium metal by lithium using <i>in situ</i> synchrotron radiation (2017)

A novel electrochemical cell has been designed and built to allow for in situ energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements to be made during reduction of UO<sub>2</sub> to U metal in LiCl-KCl at 500°C. The electrochemical cell contains a recessed well at the bottom of the cell into which the working electrode sits, reducing the beam path for the X-rays through the molten-salt and maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio from the sample. Lithium metal was electrodeposited onto the UO<sub>2</sub> working electrode by exposing the working electrode to more negative potentials than the Li deposition potential of the LiCl-KCl eutectic electrolyte. The Li metal acts as a reducing agent for the chemical reduction of UO<sub>2</sub> to U, which appears to proceed to completion. All phases were fitted using Le Bail refinement. The cell is expected to be widely applicable to many studies involving molten-salt systems.
The n-type conduction of indium-doped Cu2O thin films fabricated by direct current magnetron co-sputtering (2015)

Indium-doped Cu2O thin films were fabricated on K9 glass substrates by direct current magnetron co-sputtering in an atmosphere of Ar and O2. Metallic copper and indium disks were used as the targets. X-ray diffraction showed that the diffraction peaks could only be indexed to simple cubic Cu2O, with no other phases detected. Indium atoms exist as In3+ in Cu2O. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showed that the transmittance of the samples was relatively high and that indium doping increased the optical band gaps. The Hall effect measurement showed that the samples were n-type semiconductors at room temperature. The Seebeck effect test showed that the films were n-type semiconductors near or over room temperature (&lt;400 K), changing to p-type at relatively high temperatures. The conduction by the samples in the temperature range of the n-type was due to thermal band conduction and the donor energy level was estimated to be 620.2–713.8 meV below the conduction band. The theoretical calculation showed that indium doping can raise the Fermi energy level of Cu2O and, therefore, lead to n-type conduction.
Perifosine as a Potential Novel Anti-Cancer Agent Inhibits EGFR/MET-AKT Axis in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (2012)

This study provides a novel mechanism of action of perifosine, directly inhibiting EGFR/MET-AKT1/3 axis, providing a rationale for a novel translational approach to the treatment of MMe.
Anti-high Mobility Group Box-1 Monoclonal Antibody Protects the Blood–Brain Barrier From Ischemia-Induced Disruption in Rats (2011)

These results indicated that the anti-HMGB1 mAb could be an effective therapy for brain ischemia by inhibiting the development of brain edema through the protection of the BBB and the efficient clearance of circulating HMGB1.
Optoacoustic supercontrast for early cancer detection (2001)

Thermal mechanism is fundamental for the generation of ultrasonic waves in a course of absorption of laser radiation. Its efficiency is relatively low, but increases significantly with temperature (thermal non-linearity). If the phase transition of the irradiated medium occur, the efficiency may exceed its linear regime value several orders of magnitude. The idea of optoacoustic supercontrast for early cancer detection is based on this fact. We performed feasibility studies and describe requirements to and properties of the optoacoustic supercontrast agent based on nanoscopid particles. The results of the preliminary experiments with the metal and carbon nanoparticles as optoacoustic generation up to three orders of magnitude under irradiation conditions of laser optoacoustic imaging in the depth of human tissue.
EXPERIMENTAL ERRORS IN HYPOBARIC LABORATORY RESEARCH (2010)

The hypobaric method (LP) controls [O 2 ] by regulating the storage pressure, and without imposing a significant refrigeration load decreases the concentrations of [CO 2 ], ethylene, and volatile contaminants in the incoming air-changes by up to >99% due to expansion during entry into the vacuum chamber. The high gaseous diffusion rate at a low pressure eliminates the commodity's surface to center [O 2 ] gradient created by respiratory O 2 consumption, causing different commodity types to have nearly identical low [O 2 ] tolerances, near 0.1%. Increased gaseous conductivity at a low pressure also promotes the escape of CO 2 , ethylene, and NH 3 from within the commodity, and air-changes flush the released gases from the storage chamber. The low [0 21 concentration intensely inhibits respiration, and even in 0.14% [O 2 ] a respiratory CO 2 inversion point is not reached. Humidity is kept close to saturation, and so little respiratory heat is produced that water loss is minimized. Without injuring the commodity, LP reduces [O 2 ] and [CO 2 ] sufficiently to inhibit ethylene production and prevent bacterial and mold growth, while low [CO 2 ]causes stomates to open in darkness, prevents CO 2 -damage, inhibits toxic succinate formation, limits ascorbic acid loss, and inactivates ethylene forming enzyme. Differences between insect and plant gas-exchange systems cause all insect life stages to perish at the low hypobaric pressures which benefit horticultural commodity storage. Hypobaric intermodal containers are structurally less demanding than the simplest ISO tank container class and do not pose an insurance or implosion problem. They consume the same amount of energy as standard refrigerated intermodal containers and are mechanically simpler than CA containers. The cost per shipment is similar in LP and CA. Experimental errors in published laboratory LP research are reviewed.
Multiphasic screening in middle age: results and implications of a controlled trial in British general practice. (1981)

The Southeast London Screening Study was designed as a long-term controlled trial of multiphasic screening directed at middle-aged individuals registered with their family doctors. In 1967, 7,229 subjects, aged 40 to 64 years, were randomly allocated into either a screening or control group. The screening group was invited to attend two screening sessions held about two years apart while the control group continued to receive conventional medical care. Both groups were then invited to participate in a health survey in 1972 to 1973. Screening-control comparisons revealed no significant differences in either mortality or morbidity over the first nine years of the study with one exception: the screened males were significantly less "anxious" (as measured by the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire) than the controls (P less than 0.01). In the context of other negative psychiatric findings, however, the importance of this result is considered doubtful. Despite methodological limitations, it is concluded that multiphasic screening of the middle-aged in general practice is probably not worthwhile.
A 3-mW 1.0-GHz silicon-ECL dual-modulus prescaler IC (1992)

The authors present a 3-V dual-modulus (/64/65, /128/129) prescaler that operates up to 1.0 GHz with a 3-mW (V/sub CC/ at 2.58 V) power consumption. Under the normal supply voltage of 3 V, the maximum operating frequency and power dissipation are 1.18 GHz and 5 mW, respectively. This has been achieved by accurate circuit simulation and by the use of a 0.2- mu m bipolar technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preferential gray matter involvement in dengue myelitis (2004)

Background: Cancer related anemia impairs patient functioning. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and erythropoietin (EPO) may relieve fatigue. Cost-effectiveness data have been requested. Patients and Methods: All transfusions administered at the Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway (UNN) in 2005 were analysed, with a total of 118 patients entering the study. A cost of transfusion analysis was added and a sensitivity analysis conducted to clarify robustness. The 118 patients received 613 units of erythrocytes. In 6% of cases, the transfusion was the only cause of a hospital visit. One fourth of patients had bone marrow infiltration and two-thirds had undergone chemotherapy. The mean Hb levels of patients prior to and following transfusion were in the range 8.4-8.8 g/dl and 10.2-10.6 g/dl, respectively; one-third reached a non-anemic level (Hb≥11.0 g/dl). The median time interval between transfusions was three weeks and the annual cost was calculated at €1,069/patient. Conclusion: RBC-transfusion has a low cost.
Facile Method for Modulating the Profiles and Periods of Self-Ordered Three-Dimensional Alumina Taper-Nanopores (2012)

We report a facile nanofabrication method, one-step hard anodizing and etching peeling (OS-HA-EP) of aluminum foils followed by multistep mild anodizing and etching pore-widening (MS-MA-EW), for the controllable tailoring of hexagonally packed three-dimensional alumina taper-nanopores. Their profiles can be precisely tailored by the synergistic control of anodizing time, etching time and cyclic times at the MS-MA-EW stage, exemplified by linear cones, whorl-embedded cones, funnels, pencils, parabolas, and trumpets. Meantime, their periods can also be modulated in the range of 70-370 nm by choosing matched anodizing electrolytes (e.g., H(2)C(2)O(4), H(2)SO(4), H(2)C(2)O(4)-H(2)SO(4), and H(2)C(2)O(4)-C(2)H(5)OH mixture) and anodizing voltages at the OS-HA-EP stage. We also demonstrated that the long-range ordering of nanopits and the peak voltage of stable self-ordered HA, which are unachievable in a single H(2)C(2)O(4) electrolyte system, can be effectively tuned by simply adding tiny quantity of H(2)SO(4) and C(2)H(5)OH to keep an appropriate HA current density, respectively. This method of using the combination of simple pure chemical nanofabrication technologies is very facile and efficient in realizing the controllable tailoring of large-area alumina membranes containing self-ordered taper-nanopores. Our work opens a door for exploring the novel physical and chemical properties of different materials of nanotaper arrays.
Victory vegetable gardens (1942)

The farm garden may easily occupy 1/2 acre and supply enough vegetables for a medium-sized family the year around. The garden on the city lot necessarily will have to be smaller, but by intensive methods of cropping may be made to produce enough fresh vegetables during the growing season for a small-sized family. Farm gardens are often too small for the needs of the family, because the labor required by a larger garden is thought to interfere with farm duties. Using field methods of tillage, the size of the farm garden can be increased with no increase in labor.\nMany farm gardens should be relocated because continuous cropping without adequate rotation has reduced yields and quality of the vegetables. Soils for vegetable crops should be high in organic matter. The easiest way to secure this is through the application of animal manure or the plowing under of a green manure crop, preferably a legume. A good plan for the farm vegetable garden would be to plant an area in soybeans or other legumes equal to that planted to vegetables. The next year plant the vegetables on that portion of the garden in which the green manure was grown.\nSelect a level site or one with a gentle slope, avoiding steep slopes because small seeds and seedlings easily wash out with heavy rains. North and east exposures are preferable since they do not dry out as readily and are cooler. Protection from winds is always desirable, but of course vegetables will not grow well close to tree rows or in the shade of buildings.
Multiple Sclerosis and Diabetes Mellitus: Further Evidence of a Relationship (1982)

SUMMARY: One hundred multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were compared to healthy controls to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in their families. Significantly, more MS patients than controls were diabetic or reported at least one first degree relative (parent, sibling, child) with diabetes. The relationship between MS and diabetes persisted when second degree relatives (grandparents, aunts and uncles) were taken into consideration. A greater percentage of MS patients with another MS relative were diabetic or reported a first degree relative with diabetes mellitus than MS patients without an MS relative. However the difference was not statistically significant. Nor was there a significant difference when percentages reporting either a first or a second degree relative with diabetes were compared.
Detection of Depression in Acute Schizophrenia: Sensitivity and Specificity of 2 Standard Observer Rating Scales (2006)

Despite the fact that both scales were effective in separating mild, moderate, and severe depression, significant advantages emerged for the CDRS to detect mild or severe depression in schizophrenia.
DEMANDA DE AGUA Y AGRICULTURA EN EL VALLE DEL EBRO (2000)

"La agricultura es el principal consumidor de agua en el Valle del Ebro. La excesiva presión que en los últimos años sufre este recurso, junto a la necesidad de racionalizar su uso, hace imprescindible el conocimiento de las curvas de demanda de agua para la agricultura y de sus elasticidades. El trabajo intenta obtener estas curvas para el Valle del Ebro y cinco de sus regiones, apoyándose en la renta diferencial que supone el uso del regadío. Los resultados muestran la existencia de 7 tramos diferenciados en las curvas de demanda. Se revela también la existencia de fuertes diferencias entre las regiones y la necesidad de una modernización urgente de los regadíos asociados a cerca del 50% del consumo total."
Copolymerization of ethylene and 1-hexene with supported metallocene catalysts: Effect of support treatment (1999)

The effect of different catalyst support treatments in the 1-hexene/ethylene copolymerization with supported metallocene catalysts was investigated through the analysis of molecular weight and chemical composition distributions by means of high temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF). The molecular weight distributions of all copolymers are narrow, indicating a uniform catalyst site. However, with respect to chemical composition distribution, some supported catalysts show broad and sometimes bimodal distributions, which indicates the presence of two or more active site types.
Intranasal challenge with aspirin in the diagnosis of aspirin intolerant asthma: evaluation of nasal response by acoustic rhinometry (2000)

Acoustic rhinometry may be used to study the nasal response to L-ASA. Nasal challenge with L-ASA is safe and can be used as a diagnostic test even in asthmatic patients with severe bronchial obstruction.