gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DIFFUSE INTERSTITIAL FIBROSING PNEUMONITIS (1954)

Since Hamman and Rich in 1944 reported on four patients whose lungs, on autopsy, revealed diffuse interstitial fibrosis, a number of additional reports have appeared giving details of the clinical and pathological aspects of this disease. The course of the disease is progressively downhill, and death results from either respiratory failure or cardiac decompensation. In each case the diagnosis is made from study of autopsy material. The following case report is considered of interest not only because it is another instance of this disease but also because, in this instance, diagnosis was made by lung biopsy during the course of the disease and later confirmed by postmortem study. REPORT OF A CASE A 57-year-old man, a plate grainer by occupation, was admitted to Barton Memorial Division of Jefferson Hospital on Aug. 18, 1952, complaining of cough, dyspnea, and swelling of the anklens. His history included frequent nose bleeds since the
Characteristics of an exochitinase from <i>Streptomyces olivaceoviridis</i>, its corresponding gene, putative protein domains and relationship to other chitinases (1993)

Streptomyces olivaceoviridis efficiently degrades chitin. Shotgun cloning of partially Sau3A-cleaved DNA using the multicopy vector pIJ702 and Streptomyces lividans 66 as host resulted in the identification of the plasmid pCHI O1 which harbours an insert of 4.6 kb. In the presence of chitin as sole carbon source, transformants of S. lividans 66 carrying pCHI O1 or its derivatives with smaller inserts overproduced an exochitinase which was purified to homogeneity. The chitin-inducible enzyme with an isoelectric point of 4.0 shows optimal activity at pH 7.3 and 55 degrees C, has an apparent molecular mass of 47 kDa and is competitively inhibited by the pseudosugar allosamidin. The enzyme was identified as an exochitinase since it generates exclusively chitobiose from chitotetraose, chitohexaose, and colloidal high-molecular mass chitin. Sequence analysis of a reading frame of 1794 base pairs and comparison of the deduced amino-acid sequence allowed the identification of the putative catalytic domain, one region with significant similarity to the type-III module of fibronectin and one domain of unknown function. Multiple sequence alignment and hydrophobic-cluster analysis of 25 chitinolytic enzymes from bacteria, fungi and plants allowed the identification of their characteristic domains. The exochitinase from S. olivaceoviridis shares highest similarity with the chitinase D from Bacillus circulans.
An evidence-based review of NX1207 and its potential in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (2014)

In elderly men, benign prostatic hyperplasia is often associated with lower urinary tract symptoms, and its prevalence rises with age. Lower urinary tract symptoms can be very bothersome and lead to a decrease in health-related quality of life. Furthermore, benign prostatic hyperplasia is a progressive disease that can lead to serious complications like acute urinary retention. Medical treatment with α1-blockers or 5α-reductase inhibitors is recommended by the European Association of Urology. On the other hand, there are some new innovations such as NX1207. The aim of this review is to summarize the published data. NX1207 is a new drug that is administered by transrectal intraprostatic injection under ultrasound guidance. The substance leads to prostate volume reduction and symptomatic improvement. However, patient numbers are still low and currently treatment with NX1207 is still experimental.
Reduced Complexity Distributed Base Station Processing in the Uplink of Cellular Networks (2007)

We propose a reduced-complexity belief propagation (RCBP) receiver for joint detection in the uplink of cellular multi-access networks with base station cooperation. Using local message passing algorithms based on belief propagation (BP) has been shown to be very promising for distributed base station processing. Unfortunately, the computational complexity of the BP algorithm grows exponentially with the number of interfering users at each base station. Reducing the computational load of marginalizing the a posteriori probabilities (APP) in BP nodes is challenging because this problem is generally rank deficient, and most well-known sub-optimal detection methods are not efficient in such conditions. In this paper we use an iterative group-wise multiuser detection algorithm to efficiently reduce the complexity of BP receiver. We evaluate the performance and complexity of the proposed RCBP algorithm under decomposed and clustered base station scenarios via simulations.
Application of ultrasound in periodontics: Part I (2008)

Ultrasonic is a branch of acoustics concerned with sound vibrations in frequency ranges above audible level. Ultrasound uses the transmission and reflection of acoustic energy. A pulse is propagated and its reflection is received, both by the transducer. For clinical purposes ultrasound is generated by transducers, which converts electrical energy into ultrasonic waves. This is usually achieved by magnetostriction or piezoelectricity. Primary effects of ultrasound are thermal, mechanical (cavitation and microstreaming), and chemical (sonochemicals). Knowledge of the basic and other secondary effects of ultrasound is essential for the development of techniques of application.
The quantitative periodization of athletic training: A model study (1991)

A systems model that quantifies the effects of training on athletic performance has been subjected to a detailed simulation study. Four performance‐related variables were considered: (1) predicted peak performance, (2) the date of its occurrence, (3) an index of overtraining stress, and (4) the robustness of predicted performances around the peak. The study suggests that physiologic attributes of an athlete's fitness and fatigue responses to training are as relevant in optimizing performance as are parameters of training management. For any given athlete, training intensity, the spacing of training bouts, and the shape of the seasonal training profile are the most relevant parameters. In particular, in order to achieve maximum performance yet avoid overtraining stress, intensive training on alternate days distributed in a triangular shape over a short (150 day) season is preferable to moderate daily training distributed in triangular (or any other shape) over a long season.
Antielastases of the human alveolar structures. Implications for the protease-antiprotease theory of emphysema. (1981)

The current concepts of the pathogenesis of emphysema hold that progressive, chronic destruction of the alveolar structures occurs because there was in imbalance between the proteases and antiproteases in the lower respiratory tract. In this context, proteases, particularly neutrophil elastase, work unimpeded to destroy the alveolar structures. This concept has evolved from consideration of patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, who have decreased levels of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin and who have progressive panacinar emphysema. To directly assess the antiprotease side of this equation, the lower respiratory tract of non-smoking individuals with normal serum antiproteases and individuals with PiZ homozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency underwent bronchoalveolar lavage to evaluate the antiprotease screen of their lower respiratory tract. These studies demonstrated that: (a) alpha 1-antitrypsin is the major antielastase of the normal human lower respiratory tract; (b) alpha 2-macroglobulin, a large serum antielastase, and the bronchial mucous inhibitor, an antielastase of the central airways, do not contribute to the antielastase protection of the human alveolar structures; (c) individuals with PiZ alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency have little or no alpha 1-antitrypsin in their lower respiratory tract and have no alternative antiprotease protection against neutrophil elastase; and (d) the lack of antiprotease protection of the lower respiratory tract of PiZ individuals is a chronic process, suggesting their vulnerability to neutrophil elastase is always present.
Throughput and coverage for a mixed full and half duplex small cell network (2016)

Recent advances in self-interference cancellation enable radios to transmit and receive on the same frequency at the same time. Such a full duplex radio is being considered as a potential candidate for the next generation of wireless networks due to its ability to increase the spectral efficiency of wireless systems. In this paper, the performance of full duplex radio in small cellular systems is analyzed by assuming full duplex capable base stations and half duplex user equipment. However, using only full duplex base stations increases interference leading to outage. We therefore propose a mixed multi-cell system, composed of full duplex and half duplex cells. A stochastic geometry based model of the proposed mixed system is provided, which allows us to derive the outage and area spectral efficiency of such a system. The effect of full duplex cells on the performance of the mixed system is presented under different network parameter settings. We show that the fraction of cells that have full duplex base stations can be used as a design parameter by the network operator to target an optimal tradeoff between area spectral efficiency and outage in a mixed system.
Er-doped InP and GaAs grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1987)

Erbium is doped into InP and GaAs epitaxial layers for the first time by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using tris-cyclopentadienyl erbium [Er(C5H5)3]. Uniform doping as high as 1.5×1019 cm−3 across the entire depth of the epitaxial layers is revealed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Erbium-related photoluminescence spectra around 1.54 μm from InP:Er and GaAs:Er show remarkable resemblance. At 2 K, in addition to the dominant zero phonon line at 1542 nm for InP:Er and at 1543 nm for GaAs:Er, several other zero phonon lines are observed at longer wavelengths. The Er-related peak is observed at 1539±1 nm even at 300 K for InP:Er, shifting toward the shorter wavelengths by a little as 3 nm with increasing temperature from 2 to 300 K.
Bookisheet (2008)

We have developed an interface for browsing content that uses the metaphor of turning the pages of a book. Using our "Bookisheet" interface, which consists of two thin plastic sheets and bend sensors, a user can easily scroll digital content such as photos by bending one side of the sheet or the other. This action provides the tangible and pleasant sense of turning pages in a book. Bookisheet can be used not only as an interface for conventional information terminals but also as one for flexible displays.
Calculating current densities and fields due to shielded bi-planar radio-frequency coils (1998)

A method for the accurate computation of the current densities produced in a wide-runged bi-planar radio-frequency coil is presented. The device has applications in magnetic resonance imaging. There is a set of opposing primary rungs, symmetrically placed on parallel planes and a similar arrangement of rungs on two parallel planes surrounding the primary serves as a shield. Current densities induced in these primary and shielding rungs are calculated to a high degree of accuracy using an integral-equation approach, combined with the inverse finite Hilbert transform. Once these densities are known, accurate electrical and magnetic fields are then computed without difficulty. Some test results are shown. The method is so rapid that it can be incorporated into optimization software. Some preliminary fields produced from optimized coils are presented.
The Role of Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes as Tumor Markers for Testicular Germ Cell Tumors (1991)

The role of serum alkaline phosphatase as a tumor marker for testicular germ cell disease was investigated in 26 patients with testicular seminoma and 13 with nonseminomatous germ cell testis tumors. Placental alkaline phosphatase-like enzyme was elevated in 50% of the stage I seminoma patients and in all patients with stages II to III disease. In addition, liver (tissue unspecific) alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 10 and 83% of the patients, respectively. Lactic dehydrogenase and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) were detected in 50 to 60% of the patients with stage I seminoma. By combining placental alkaline phosphatase-like enzyme, lactic dehydrogenase and beta-HCG, 75% of the stage I and 100% of the stages II and III seminoma patients could be identified correctly. Placental alkaline phosphatase-like enzyme in serum also occurred with nonseminomatous germ cell tumor but less frequently, while liver alkaline phosphatase was not detected at all. Thus, placental alkaline phosphatase-like enzyme and liver alkaline phosphatase were predominantly determined in the serum of patients with seminoma. In studies of tumor tissues from 31 of these patients, those with normal serum placental alkaline phosphatase-like enzyme levels had significantly lower tissue placental alkaline phosphatase-like enzyme levels than patients with elevated serum levels (p less than 0.01). Seminoma tissues showed significantly higher levels of placental alkaline phosphatase-like enzyme and liver alkaline phosphatase than nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (p less than 0.01), explaining the infrequent elevation of serum placental alkaline phosphatase-like enzyme and liver alkaline phosphatase found in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors.
Research on Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Oxygen Atom Adsorbed on GaAs Surface (2013)

Electronic structures and optical properties of oxygen atom adsorbed on GaAs surface have been calculated by using the first-principle based on density functional theory.The results show that the presence of O shifts the energy band to the deep part,with impurity level composed of As 4pand Ga 4pand Tamm surface caused by the splitting of As 4s and Ga 4s appearing in the forbidden band.Adsorption of O changes the distribution of d state and sp state electrons.The existence of O improves the defects in lattice-periodicity and changes the transition of electrons,resulting in the change in optical properties.
Modulation of AMPA/kainate receptors in cultured murine hippocampal neurones by protein kinase C. (1994)

1. The patch clamp technique, together with intracellular perfusion of the catalytic fragment of protein kinase C (PKCM), was employed to investigate the role of this enzyme in the intracellular regulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA)/kainate receptors in cultured hippocampal neurones. 2. The responses evoked by near-maximal concentrations of kainate (250 microM) and AMPA (100 microM) were potentiated by the introduction of PKCM, whilst co-application of the inhibitory peptide fragment PKCI(19-36) prevented this action. 3. Modulation of kainate responses by PKCM was dependent upon the concentration of agonist applied. Currents evoked by kainate were potentiated at concentrations above those which caused 50% of the maximal response (EC50) and depressed at lower concentrations. Furthermore, okadaic acid, a specific inhibitor of phosphatases 1 and 2A, had a similar effect upon concentration-response relationships when currents activated by kainate were recorded using the perforated patch technique. 4. In addition, the mean amplitude and/or time constant of decay of miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mediated by AMPA/kainate receptors) was increased by the intracellular injection of PKCM. 5. These observations suggest that the function of postsynaptic excitatory amino acid receptors can be modulated by the activity of PKC as well as by endogenous phosphatases. This regulation may contribute to some forms of synaptic plasticity within the central nervous system.
A Smooth-Walled Spline-Profile Horn as an Alternative to the Corrugated Horn for Wide Band Millimeter-Wave Applications (2004)

At millimeter-wave frequencies, corrugated horns can be difficult and expensive to manufacture. As an alternative we present here the results of a theoretical and measurement study of a smooth-walled spline-profile horn for specific application in the 80-120 GHz band. While about 50% longer than its corrugated counterpart, the smooth-walled horn is shown to give improved performance across the band as well as being much easier to manufacture.
A Facile Methodology for Engineering the Morphology of CsPbX3 Perovskite Nanocrystals under Ambient Condition (2016)

A facile and highly reproducible room temperature, open atmosphere synthesis of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals of six different morphologies is reported just by varying the solvent, ligand and reaction time. Sequential evolution of the quantum dots, nanoplates and nanobars in one medium and nanocubes, nanorods and nanowires in another medium is demonstrated. These perovskite nanoparticles are shown to be of excellent crystalline quality with high fluorescence quantum yield. A mechanism of the formation of nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes is proposed. Considering the key role of morphology in nanotechnology, this simple method of fabrication of a wide range of high quality nanocrystals of different shapes and sizes of all-inorganic lead halide perovskites, whose potential is already demonstrated in light emitting and photovoltaic applications, is likely to help widening the scope and utility of these materials in optoelectronic devices.
Hydrogen‐bond‐assisted stereocontrol in the radical polymerization of <i>N</i>‐isopropylacrylamide with primary alkyl phosphate: The effect of the chain length of the straight ester group (2004)

Abstract The radical polymerizations of N ‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) were carried out in toluene at low temperatures in the presence of phosphoric acid esters such as trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate (TEP), tri‐ n ‐propyl phosphate, and tri‐ n ‐butyl phosphate (TBP). Syndiotactically rich poly(NIPAAm)s were obtained from −60 to 0 °C, and TEP provided the highest syndiotacticity (racemo dyad = 65%) at −40 °C. On the other hand, lowering the temperature reversed the stereoselectivity of the propagation reaction so that isotactically rich poly(NIPAAm)s were obtained at −80 °C. In particular, TBP exhibited the most isotactic specificity (meso dyad = 57%). Job's plots for NIPAAm–TBP mixtures revealed that NIPAAm and TBP formed a 1:1 complex at 0 °C and a predominantly 1:2 complex at −80 °C through a hydrogen‐bonding interaction. Therefore, the stereospecificity of NIPAAm polymerization should depend on the stoichiometry of the hydrogen‐bond‐assisted complex. Thus, the mechanism for this polymerization system was discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 50–62, 2005
Construction and application of a promoter-probe plasmid that allows chromogenic identification in Streptomyces lividans (1985)

We cloned a Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) DNA fragment which directed synthesis of a brown pigment, presumably a shunt product in the actinorhodin biosynthetic pathway, on the plasmid vector pIJ41 in Streptomyces lividans. The pigment production was observed only when the DNA fragment was inserted downstream from a functional promoter sequence. By subcloning the fragment together with in vitro manipulation, a promoter-probe plasmid vector (pARC1) with a unique BamHI cloning site was constructed that allows chromogenic identification of transcriptional control signals in Streptomyces lividans based on the expression of the cloned pigment gene(s). The Escherichia coli tac (trp-lac hybrid) promoter, consisting of 92 base pairs and a promoter region including the leader sequence of erythromycin resistance gene (ermC) on staphylococcal plasmid pE194, when ligated in the correct orientation in the BamHI site of pARC1, promoted expression of the cloned pigment gene(s) in Streptomyces lividans, whereas the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL7 promoter did not. In the case of the ermC, induction of the pigment production by the addition of either erythromycin or lincomycin, but not virginiamycin, was observed. The system was also shown to be useful and convenient in isolating transcriptional control signals of Streptomyces chromosomal DNA and estimating their activities.
Plasma Acylcarnitines Are Associated With Physical Performance in Elderly Men (2011)

Higher acylcarnitine factor scores were associated with lower levels of objectively measured physical performance in this group of older, largely overweight men. Metabolic profiles of rodents exhibiting lipid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction show a similar phenotypic predominance of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines.
Prevention of type I diabetes in NOD mice by nonhypercalcemic doses of a new structural analog of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, KH1060. (1995)

Pharmacological amounts of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] have potent immunoregulatory activity, but with marked effects on calcium and bone metabolism. In this study we demonstrate that nonhypercalcemia-inducing nondemineralizing doses of an analog of 1,25-(OH)2D3, 1 alpha,25-(OH)2-20-epi-22-oxa-24,26,27-trishomo-vitamin D (KH1060), can prevent type I diabetes. Female NOD mice received 1,25-(OH)2D3 (5 micrograms/kg), KH1060 (0.4 or 0.2 micrograms/kg), or the treatment vehicle ip every 2 days from 21-200 days of age. The incidence of diabetes in controls was 17 of 31 (55%), whereas 7 of 38 (18%) 1,25-(OH)2D3-treated mice, 3 of 27 (11%) KH1060 (0.4 micrograms/kg)-treated mice, and 6 of 27 (22%) KH1060 (0.2 micrograms/kg)-treated mice developed diabetes (P < 0.025 vs. controls). Protection was achieved with the low KH1060 dose without effects on calcium or bone metabolism, as evaluated by serum calcium (9.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 9.4 +/- 0.3 mg/dl in controls; P = NS), serum osteocalcin (82 +/- 17 vs. 83 +/- 20 ng/ml; P = NS), bone calcium content (6.8 +/- 0.7 vs. 6.4 +/- 0.5 mg/tibia; P = NS), urinary calcium (21 +/- 4 vs. 21 +/- 4 mg/dl; P = NS), pyridinoline excretion, and duodenal calbindin-D9K concentration. The proposed mechanism of action is a restoration of suppressor cell activity, as demonstrated in vitro (suppressor cell assay) and in vivo (cell transfer experiments). This study demonstrates that an analog of 1,25-(OH)2D3 prevents type I diabetes in NOD mice without significant effects on calcium or bone metabolism.
Niloticus News April 2020 (2020)

News articles about national and international crocodile research projects, workshops, crocodile welfare and general news emailed to the crocodile farmers in South Africa
Syntheses of 2-Azafluorenones from 3-Substituted 4-Arylpyridines (1993)

3-Substituted 4-arylpyridines (5a-i) were synthesized in good yields by reaction of mixed copper, zinc aryl organometallics (2a-e) with 1 -ethoxycarbonylpyridinium chlorides ( 1 a -d ) followed b y o -c h l o r a n i l oxidation under reflux in toluene.The 4-arylpyridines (5ai) are obtained predominantly.Having compounds (5a-i) in hand, a convenient method was developed for the synthesis o f 2-azafluorenones ( 7 a -f ) by using cyclization of 4- arylpyridines (5a-i) with polyphosphoric acid.Fluorenones and their derivatives have been known t o be good antiviral agents' and aldose reductase inhibitors,2 respectively; Therefore azafluorenones derivatives may as well possess interesting biological properties.Azafluorenones compounds are structurally related t o a significant class of alkaloids such as 0n~chines.3The regioselective synthesis of 4-aryl-pyridines4,5 was already reported using N-acylpyridinium salts and Grignard reagents in the presence of copper(1) iodide.6The preparation of several tricyclic pyridines such as 2-azafluorenone (SH-indeno[2,l-c]pyridin-9-one) was also reported, based on this method.-/Prostakov e t a1.8 found that the
[Structural features of GR6 gene and its expression in colorectal neoplasm]. (2004)

The putative GR6 protein, encoded by GR6 gene may predictably function as an important nuclear signal transduction molecule. Decreased expression of GR6 gene may play an important role in the initiation and promotion of colorectal neoplasia.