gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing low noise at the MOS interface with a spin-orbit qubit (2017)

The silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) material system is technologically important for the implementation of electron spin-based quantum information technologies. Researchers predict the need for an integrated platform in order to implement useful computation, and decades of advancements in silicon microelectronics fabrication lends itself to this challenge. However, fundamental concerns have been raised about the MOS interface (e.g. trap noise, variations in electron g-factor and practical implementation of multi-QDs). Furthermore, two-axis control of silicon qubits has, to date, required the integration of non-ideal components (e.g. microwave strip-lines, micro-magnets, triple quantum dots, or introduction of donor atoms). In this paper, we introduce a spin-orbit (SO) driven singlet-triplet (ST) qubit in silicon, demonstrating all-electrical two-axis control that requires no additional integrated elements and exhibits charge noise properties equivalent to other more model, but less commercially mature, semiconductor systems. We demonstrate the ability to tune an intrinsic spin-orbit interface effect, which is consistent with Rashba and Dresselhaus contributions that are remarkably strong for a low spin-orbit material such as silicon. The qubit maintains the advantages of using isotopically enriched silicon for producing a quiet magnetic environment, measuring spin dephasing times of 1.6 $μ$s using 99.95% $^{28}$Si epitaxy for the qubit, comparable to results from other isotopically enhanced silicon ST qubit systems. This work, therefore, demonstrates that the interface inherently provides properties for two-axis control, and the technologically important MOS interface does not add additional detrimental qubit noise.
Immune and molecular correlates in melanoma treated with immune checkpoint blockade (2017)

Immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma has a decades-long history, and the relatively recent use of checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized treatment. Durable and sometimes complete remission of metastatic melanoma is now achievable in some patients who receive checkpoint-blocking therapy. However, it is unclear why some patients fare better than others. This review highlights several molecular indicators of response to checkpoint inhibition in metastatic melanoma, focusing on tumor programmed death ligand 1 expression, major histocompatibility complex class I expression, mutational load in the tumor, and T-cell infiltration into the tumor. In addition, clinical correlates of response, notably vitiligo and other immune-related adverse events, can potentially shed light on the mechanisms by which checkpoint blockade may achieve such great success, particularly in melanoma. The authors propose that microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-a key regulator of melanocyte survival, melanin production, and melanoma transformation-produces a molecular landscape in melanocytes and melanoma cells that can make melanomas particularly susceptible to checkpoint blockade and also can result in immune attack on normal melanocytes. Cancer 2017;123:2143-53. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Porting a vector library: a comparison of MPI, Paris, CMMD and PVM (2002)

The paper describes the design and implementation in MPI of the parallel vector library CVL, which is used as the basis for implementing nested data-parallel languages such as NESL and Proteus. We outline the features of CVL, and compare the ease of writing and debugging the portable MPI implementation with our experiences writing previous versions in CM-2 Paris, CM-5 CMMD, and PVM 3.0. We give initial performance results for MPI CVL running on the SP-1, Paragon, and CM-5, and compare them with previous versions of CVL running on the CM-2, CM-5, and Cray C90. We discuss the features of MPI that helped and hindered the effort, and make a plea for better support for certain primitives. Finally, we discuss the design limitations of CVL when implemented on current RISC based MPP architectures, and outline our plans to overcome this by using MPI as a compiler target.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Boolean Operations with Implicit and Parametric Representation of Primitives Using R-Functions (2005)

We present a new and efficient algorithm to accurately polygonize an implicit surface generated by multiple Boolean operations with globally deformed primitives. Our algorithm is special in the sense that it can be applied to objects with both an implicit and a parametric representation, such as superquadrics, supershapes, and Dupin cyclides. The input is a Constructive Solid Geometry tree (CSG tree) that contains the Boolean operations, the parameters of the primitives, and the global deformations. At each node of the CSG tree, the implicit formulations of the subtrees are used to quickly determine the parts to be transmitted to the parent node, while the primitives' parametric definition are used to refine an intermediary mesh around the intersection curves. The output is both an implicit equation and a mesh representing its solution. For the resulting object, an implicit equation with guaranteed differential properties is obtained by simple combinations of the primitives' implicit equations using R-functions. Depending on the chosen R-function, this equation is continuous and can be differentiable everywhere. The primitives' parametric representations are used to directly polygonize the resulting surface by generating vertices that belong exactly to the zero-set of the resulting implicit equation. The proposed approach has many potential applications, ranging from mechanical engineering to shape recognition and data compression. Examples of complex objects are presented and commented on to show the potential of our approach for shape modeling.
Catheter-tip flowmeter for coronary arterial flow in closed-chest dogs (1964)

The design of a catheter-tip flowmeter for the measurement of coronary arterial blood flow in closed-chest dogs is presented. The miniaturized flowmeter is attached to the tip of a rigid catheter which is inserted through the right carotid artery. The flowmeter is placed in the ascending aorta where it measures the inflow into the left coronary artery. Performance tests show the reliability of the instrument for the measurement of pulsatile flow. pulsatile flow Submitted on February 3, 1964
NBTI induced performance degradation in logic and memory circuits: how effectively can we approach a reliability solution? (2008)

This paper evaluates the severity of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) degradation in two major circuit applications: random logic and memory array. For improved lifetime stability, we propose/select an efficient reliability-aware circuit design methodologies. Simulation results obtained from 65nm PTM node shows that NBTI induced degradation in random logic is considerably lower than that of a single transistor. As a result, simple delay guard-banding can efficiently mitigate the impact of NBTI in random logic. On the other hand, NBTI degradation in memory shows much severe effect especially when combined with the impact of random process variation, NBTI can dramatically reduce the READ stability of memory cells. Hence, aggressive design techniques such as stand-by VDD scaling or adaptive body biasing (ABB) are required in memory application to minimize the impact of NBTI.
Multijump Magnetic Switching in In-Plane Magnetized Ultrathin Epitaxial Ag/Fe/Ag(001) Films (1997)

We predict and verify experimentally using magneto-optics a new magnetic switching mechanism involving three irreversible transitions in in-plane magnetized ultrathin epitaxial films. These transitions are mediated by the sweeping of 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} domain walls at three distinct applied field strengths. The prediction and observation of this new phenomenon shows that the complex domain processes which determine magnetic switching in such films can be accurately modeled by a single parameter which corresponds physically to the maximum pinning pressure that defects can exert on a domain wall.
Reverse Engineering in the Semiconductor Industry (2007)

The intent of this paper is to give an overview of the place of reverse engineering (RE) in the semiconductor industry, and the techniques used to obtain information from semiconductor products. The continuous drive of Moore's law to increase the integration level of silicon chips has presented major challenges to the reverse engineer, obsolescing simple teardowns and demanding the adopted of new and more sophisticated technology to analyse chips. This trend is continuing; the 2006 update of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors is predicting the shrinkage of transistor gates from the current 65-nm generation to 16 nm at the turn of the decade, and the usage of over 1.5 billion transistors in high-volume microprocessor chips. The paper covers product teardowns, and discusses the techniques used for system-level analysis, both hardware and software; circuit extraction, taking the chip down to the transistor level and working back up through the interconnects to create schematics; and process analysis, looking at how a chip is made, and what it is made of. Examples are also given of each type of RE.
Identification of odorous compounds in fresh and rotten swine manure. (1984)

In order to elucidate the nature of malodor from piggery wastes, volatile compounds in fresh faeces, fresh urine, rotten urine, and rotten mixtures of faeces and urine were isolated by freeze vacuum distillation and continuous extraction and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Many alcohols were detected not in fresh urine, but in faeces. Various fatty acids were determined at high concentrations in all samples, but their abundance was different in faeces and urine. Large amounts of phenols came from urine. Aromatic carboxylic acids were detected only in urine and decreased rapidly during digestion. Indole and 3-methylindole which were present only in faeces showed a reverse change of concentration during digestion.
Philadelphia tax in fifth year (1944)

Abstract Earned income tax produces one‐fourth of city's revenues, balances budget after two decades of deficits, forestalls increase of property tax or renewal of unpopular sales tax.
Heterozygous Toll‐Like Receptor 4 Polymorphism Does Not Influence Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Cytokine Release in Human Whole Blood (2003)

The heterozygous Asp299Gly mutation of the toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, the key receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), has been associated with attenuated inflammatory responses. When 160 healthy volunteers (9% heterozygous and 0.6% homozygous) were genotyped and their LPS-inducible cytokine release was assessed in an ex vivo whole blood test, the responses of heterozygotes did not differ significantly from those of wild-type carriers for any of the cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-6, interferon-gamma, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) or eicosanoids measured or for serum cytokines and C-reactive protein. Ten heterozygous subjects and 12 wild-type control subjects responded similarly to a graded series of LPS and Escherichia coli concentrations, excluding the possibility that allele-specific differences are evident only at low stimulus concentrations or in response to whole pathogens. These data demonstrate that the heterozygous Asp299Gly polymorphism does not exhibit a functional defect in cytokine release after the stimulation of blood monocytes.
Automated Purification of Transfection-Grade Plasmid DNA Using Wizard MagneSil Tfx System (2003)

We describe a reagent system and robotic protocol for the isolation of highly purified plasmid DNA from cultured cells. The method is based on the Wizard® MagneSil™ Plasmid Purification System, which purifies sequencing-grade plasmid DNA. Two modifications to the sequencing-grade system were made to create the Wizard MagneSil Tfx™ System. This system provides lower endotoxin and other contaminant levels, giving higher quality plasmid for transfection applications. The Wizard MagneSil Tfx™ System uses MagneSil™ Paramagnetic Particles (PMPs) to clear lysate and bind plasmid, eliminating the need for filtration devices. The endotoxin removal step uses MagneSil™ (PMPs) and a guanidine/isopropanol wash to remove RNA and protein. One 96-well plate may be processed in 45 minutes on the Beckman Biomek® FX robotic workstation. We provide data showing DNA yield, contaminant levels, and transfection efficiency for 5 commonly used cell lines. Comparisons with other systems are also shown.
Constitutive Nucleosome Depletion and Ordered Factor Assembly at the GRP78 Promoter Revealed by Single Molecule Footprinting (2006)

Chromatin organization and transcriptional regulation are interrelated processes. A shortcoming of current experimental approaches to these complex events is the lack of methods that can capture the activation process on single promoters. We have recently described a method that combines methyltransferase M.SssI treatment of intact nuclei and bisulfite sequencing allowing the representation of replicas of single promoters in terms of protected and unprotected footprint modules. Here we combine this method with computational analysis to study single molecule dynamics of transcriptional activation in the stress inducible GRP78 promoter. We show that a 350-base pair region upstream of the transcription initiation site is constitutively depleted of nucleosomes, regardless of the induction state of the promoter, providing one of the first examples for such a promoter in mammals. The 350-base pair nucleosome-free region can be dissected into modules, identifying transcription factor binding sites and their combinatorial organization during endoplasmic reticulum stress. The interaction of the transcriptional machinery with the GRP78 core promoter is highly organized, represented by six major combinatorial states. We show that the TATA box is frequently occupied in the noninduced state, that stress induction results in sequential loading of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response elements, and that a substantial portion of these elements is no longer occupied following recruitment of factors to the transcription initiation site. Studying the positioning of nucleosomes and transcription factors at the single promoter level provides a powerful tool to gain novel insights into the transcriptional process in eukaryotes.
A RECLAMATION NEAR WAINFLEET, LINCOLNSHIRE. MARITIME AND WATERWAYS ENGINEERING DIVISION. (1949)

Keywords RECLAMATION, HISTORY, SITES, ACCRETION, SURVEYS, TECHNICAL, PROBLEMS, TIDES, DRAINAGE, CONSTRUCTION, COSTS, CREEKS, EMBANKMENTS WAINFLEET, LINCOLNSHIRE, THE WASH UK... Show All
A Deformable Surface Model for Real-Time Water Drop Animation (2011)

A water drop behaves differently from a large water body because of its strong viscosity and surface tension under the small scale. Surface tension causes the motion of a water drop to be largely determined by its boundary surface. Meanwhile, viscosity makes the interior of a water drop less relevant to its motion, as the smooth velocity field can be well approximated by an interpolation of the velocity on the boundary. Consequently, we propose a fast deformable surface model to realistically animate water drops and their flowing behaviors on solid surfaces. Our system efficiently simulates water drop motions in a Lagrangian fashion, by reducing 3D fluid dynamics over the whole liquid volume to a deformable surface model. In each time step, the model uses an implicit mean curvature flow operator to produce surface tension effects, a contact angle operator to change droplet shapes on solid surfaces, and a set of mesh connectivity updates to handle topological changes and improve mesh quality over time. Our numerical experiments demonstrate a variety of physically plausible water drop phenomena at a real-time rate, including capillary waves when water drops collide, pinch-off of water jets, and droplets flowing over solid materials. The whole system performs orders-of-magnitude faster than existing simulation approaches that generate comparable water drop effects.
Adsorption of Inflammatory Cytokines Using a Heparin‐Coated Extracorporeal Circuit (2002)

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgeries cause an increase in plasma inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) along with whole-body inflammatory responses. The inflammatory responses during a CPB treatment are reduced when using a heparin-coated extracorporeal circuit. Because many cytokines, growth factors, and complements are known to interact with heparin, the reduction of inflammatory responses by a heparin-coated circuit is likely to depend on this heparin-binding nature of the inflammatory cytokines. In this study, the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-6, in fetal bovine serum (FBS) bound to a heparin-agarose beads (heparin beads)-column and the adsorptions were competitively inhibited on addition of heparin in a concentration-dependent manner. TNF-alpha in FBS required a higher concentration of heparin (50% concentration inhibition [IC50] > 20microg/ml) to inhibit adsorption to the heparin beads-column compared with IL-6, probably because of a stronger interaction between TNF-alpha and heparin-beads. TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations in human heparinized blood significantly increased after a CPB treatment. Although the adsorbed amount of IL-6 onto the heparin-coated circuit was low (less than 6% of free circulating IL-6), a significant amount of TNF-alpha adsorbed onto the circuit (23.9-755% of free circulating TNF-alpha). Therefore, the adsorption of inflammatory cytokines, especially TNF-alpha, onto the inner heparin-coated surface of an extracorporeal circuit may partly account for a reduction in inflammatory responses.
Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos: Planeamiento y moratorias urbanísticas.- Prohibición de discriminación.- Derecho a un proceso equitativo.- Libertad religiosa.- Libertad de expresión.- Jurisprudencia ambiental (2007)

I. PLANEAMIENTO Y MORATORIAS URBANISTICAS.- II. PROHIBICION DE DISCRIMINACION: 1. Obligaciones positivas del Estado y minorias religiosas. 2. Prohibicion de discriminacion basada en la orientacion sexual.- III. DERECHO A UN PROCESO EQUITATIVO.- IV. LIBERTAD RELIGIOSA: 1. Registro de organizaciones religiosas e inactividad de la Administracion. 2. Iglesia de la Cienciologia de Moscu c. Rusia, de 5 de abril de 2007.- V. LIBERTAD DE EXPRESION: 1. Discrecionalidad administrativa y libertad artistica. 2. Derecho a un proceso equitativo y libertad artistica. 3. Partidos politicos, Fuerzas Armadas y proteccion del orden constitucional.- VI. JURISPRUDENCIA AMBIENTAL: 1. Proteccion del paisaje y minorias etnicas. 2. Derecho de audiencia.
Characterization of human myosin light chains 1sa and 3nm: implications for isoform evolution and function. (1990)

We have isolated a cDNA clone for the human slow-twitch muscle isoform myosin light-chain 1slow-a (MLC1sa) from a skeletal muscle library and for the human nonmuscle isoform myosin light-chain 3nonmuscle (MLC3nm) from a fibroblast library. The nucleotide sequence of both isoforms was determined, and isoform-specific probes were constructed. In addition, MLC1sa was subsequently isolated from the fibroblast library. MLC1sa and MLC3nm were found to be very closely related to each other and distant from all other myosin light-chain isoforms so far described. We concluded that MLC1sa arose by duplication of MLC3nm rather than from any other isoform. A comparison was made between all human myosin light chains described to date and a model proposed for the evolution of this multigene family. A comparison between human and chicken myosin light-chain isoforms showed that human isoforms are more similar to their chicken counterparts than to human MLC1sa. The expression of MLC1sa and MLC3nm was studied in humans, rabbits, mice, and rats. MLC1sa was detected at the onset of both human and murine myogenesis in vitro. With development, MLC1sa may be replaced by the other slow-twitch muscle isoform, 1sb, in slow-twitch skeletal muscle, but the proportion of MLC1sa to 1sb expression varies between different species. MLC1sa was detected in nonmuscle cells in humans, mice, and rats. MLC3nm was the major nonmuscle alkaline myosin light chain in all species tested, but its pattern of expression in nonmuscle tissues was not identical to that of beta- or gamma-actin. We have shown that in the human, as in the chicken, one exon is spliced out of the MLC3nm transcript in smooth muscle to give an alternative product. We concluded that all alkali myosin light-chain isoforms may be functionally different.
Mechanism of the dimethyl mesoxalate-alkene ene reaction. Deuterium kinetic isotope effects (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the dimethyl mesoxalate-alkene ene reaction. Deuterium kinetic isotope effectsOsman Achmatowicz Jr. and Jan SzymoniakCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 23, 4774–4776Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01311a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01311a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Induction of Programmed Cell Death in Kaposi's Sarcoma Cells by Preparations of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (1999)

The anti-KS activity of HAF appears to induce apoptosis. Such activity suggests a role for HAF in pregnancy-related regulation of cell death.