gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid identification and susceptibility testing of positive blood culture caused by gram negative bacteria (2011)

Objective To reduce the turnaround time for laboratory diagnosis of bacteremia, the feasibility of rapid identification and susceptibility testing using samples taken directly from positive blood culture bottles was evaluated. Methods The growth of microorganisms in blood culture bottles was screened by the BACTEC 9000 blood culture system. 65 positive blood culture bottles containing gram-negative bacteria were adopted to test. Culture fluid was injected into BD SST vacutainer and centrifuged to pellet blood cells. After collecting required McFarland units, they were cultured on Phoenix 100 NMIC/ID-4(identification-gram-negative bacteria and susceptibility testing) cards using 0.25 McF and 0.5 McF methods respectively. They were also evaluated by the standard method, involving subculture tests from positive blood culture bottles. Results 63 of 65 gram-negative bacteria (96. 9% ) were correctly identified with 0. 25 McF method. 59 of 65 gram-negative bacteria(90.8% ) were correctly identified with 0.5 McF method. For antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the 0.25 McF direct method had an agreement rate more than 94% , the 0.5 McF method was more than 85.7% and direct blood sample KB method was more than 93.8% compared to the standard method. But the overall minor error rate in susceptibility testing of direct blood sample KB method is higher than other methods. Conclusion Applying 0. 25 McF and 0. 5 McF rapid identification and susceptibility test was practical. During to possessing more prominent advantages, laboratory put the 0. 25 McF direct method into practice had a timely, remarkable significance.

Key words: 
Positive blood culture; Joint use; Rapid identification and susceptibility testing
Membrane based actuator-integrated force arrays (2002)

Integrated Force Arrays (IFAs) are membrane based actuators that are made of polyimide material. They are metallized membranes that are flexible enough to undergo substantial deformation when a voltage is applied. IFAs can be patterned using the techniques of VLSI electronics. They can be integrated in arrays to form complex systems that have wide range of applications. The theory of operation and the methods of construction are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The molecular mechanism of action of aspirin, curcumin and sulforaphane combinations in the chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer (2013)

Pancreatic cancer ranks as the fourth most deadly form of cancer in the United States with ~37,000 deaths each year. The present study evaluated the chemopreventive potential of a combination of aspirin (ASP), curcumin (CUR) and sulforaphane (SFN) in low doses to human pancreatic cancer cells, MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1. Results demonstrated that low doses of ASP (1 mM), CUR (10 µM) and SFN (5 µM) (ACS) combination reduced cell viability by ~70% (P<0.001), and also induced cell apoptosis by ~51% (P<0.001) accompanied by activation of caspase-3 and Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins. The NF-κB DNA binding activity was inhi-bited by ~45% (P<0.01) and ~75% (P<0.001) in MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1 cells, respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed that ACS promoted increase expression of phospho extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (P-ERK1/2), c-Jun, p38 MAPK and p53 proteins. Furthermore, the cells pretreated with U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) partially abolished the effect of ACS on cell viability. Data from this study demonstrate that a low-dose ACS combination inhibits cell growth by inducing cell apoptosis, and proposes sustained activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway as one of the possible mechanisms.
New Sedative and Hypotensive 3-Substituted 2,4(1H,3H)-Quinazolinediones (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Sedative and Hypotensive 3-Substituted 2,4(1H,3H)-QuinazolinedionesShin Hayao, Herbert J. Havera, Wallace G. Strycker, T. J. Leipzig, Richard A. Kulp, and Harold E. HartzlerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 6, 807–811Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00330a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00330a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparations of <i>N</i> <i>α</i>-Fmoc-<i>O</i>-[(Benzyloxy)hydroxyphosphinyl] <i>β</i>-Hydroxy <i>α</i>-Amino Acid Derivatives (1996)

Abstract N α -Fmoc-O-[(benzyloxy)hydroxyphosphinyl]serine and Nα-Fmoc-O-[(benzyloxy)hydroxyphosphinyl]threonine were prepared in order to be utilized for the synthesis of phosphoserine- or phosphothreonine-containing peptides based on the Fmoc-mode pre-phosphorylation strategy. These derivatives were obtained as crystalline compounds, which are favorable for use as building blocks for an automated peptide synthesis by a solid-phase method.
Linear Time Dynamic-Programming Algorithms for New Classes of Restricted TSPs: A Computational Study (2001)

Consider the following restricted (symmetric or asymmetric) traveling-salesman problem (TSP): given an initial ordering of the n cities and an integer k > 0, find a minimum-cost feasible tour, where a feasible tour is one in which city i precedes city j whenever j ≥ i + k in the initial ordering. Balas (1996) has proposed a dynamic-programming algorithm that solves this problem in time linear in n, though exponential in k. Some important real-world problems are amenable to this model or some of its close relatives. The algorithm of Balas (1996) constructs a layered network with a layer of nodes for each position in the tour, such that source-sink paths in this network are in one-to-one correspondence with tours that satisfy the postulated precedence constraints. In this paper we discuss an implementation of the dynamic-programming algorithm for the general case when the integer k is replaced with city-specific integers k(j), j = 1, . . ., n. We discuss applications to, and computational experience with, TSPs with time windows, a model frequently used in vehicle routing as well as in scheduling with setup, release and delivery times. We also introduce a new model, the TSP with target times, applicable to Just-in-Time scheduling problems. Finally for TSPs that have no precedence restrictions, we use the algorithm as a heuristic that finds in linear time a local optimum over an exponential-size neighborhood. For this case, we implement an iterated version of our procedure, based on contracting some arcs of the tour produced by a first application of the algorithm, then reapplying the algorithm to the shrunken graph with the same k.
Toxic Effects of Cephalosporins with Specific Functional Groups as Indicated by Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity Testing (2013)

Cephalosporins, derivatives of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), are potent antibacterial agents. The toxicity prediction of these compounds is of considerable importance in new drug development. Zebrafish embryo toxicity testing was thought to be suitable for evaluation of the toxic properties of cephalosporins. Here, five kinds of cephalosporins and their isomers were used for investigation of the toxic functional groups of cephalosporins and for further evaluation of the efficacy of zebrafish embryo toxicity testing. Computational chemistry methods were also used to study the conformations of the stereoisomers of cephalosporins in aqueous solution to explore the relationship between the stereoisomers and the experimental results of toxicity tests on zebrafish embryos. Our results suggest that both the C-7 and C-3 substituents of cephalosporins are toxic functional groups. The toxic functional groups increase the toxic reaction of 7-ACA and can induce variable abnormal phenotypes in zebrafish embryo toxicity testing. The embryonic toxicities of cephalosporins were involved in organogenesis, mainly in the development of the cranial nerve, cardiovascular system, notochord and abdomen, and pigment formation; those tissues and organs are derived from ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The theoretical calculations showed a strong negative correlation between topological polar surface area (TPSA) values and the toxic effect, which indicated that molecular polarity may be crucial to the toxic effects of the isomers of cephalosporins. The concept of toxic functional groups may help us understand the safety differences of cephalosporins.
Measurement of alkali vapor in PFBC flue gas and its control by a fixed granular bed of activated bauxite (1985)

A fixed granular-bed sorber, with regenerable activated bauxite as the sorbent, for the control of the alkali vapor in the flue gas produced during pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) of coal is being developed. In a gas stream closely simulating the actual PFBC flue gas, activated bauxite is shown to capture NaCl vapor by (1) chemical fixation of the vapor with the intrinsic clay minerals, probably to form thermally stable, water-insoluble sodium aluminosilicates and (2) chemical conversion of NaCl vapor into a condensed-phase sodium sulfate, which has a much lower vapor pressure than does NaCl. The latter predominates the capture process, and the captured sodium sulfate can be easily removed by simple water-leaching to restore the porosity of activated bauxite for reuse. A high-temperature (less than or equal to 900/sup 0/C) and high-pressure (less than or equal to 10 atm) laboratory-scale, fixed, granular-bed alkali sorber has been operated with the Argonne National Laboratory PFBC combustor to (1) measure the alkali vapor concentration in the PFBC flue gas on a real-time, on-line basis, and (2) demonstrate the alkali sorber for the control of alkali vapor from an actual PFBC flue gas. The alkali (Na + K) vapor concentration in particulate filtered hotmore » flue gas was measured to be <10 ppbW with the Ames analyzer. The same measurement with the APST was higher between 90 to 170 ppbW. Therefore, the possibility of sink for sodium vapor in the PFBC/alkali sorber system must be considered. 32 refs.« less
Effect of siloxanyl groups on the interfacial behavior of quaternary ammonium compounds (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of siloxanyl groups on the interfacial behavior of quaternary ammonium compoundsG. Schmaucks, G. Sonnek, R. Wuestneck, M. Herbst, and M. RammCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 7, 1724–1730Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00043a007https://doi.org/10.1021/la00043a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views319Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Short time-series microarray analysis: Methods and challenges (2008)

The detection and analysis of steady-state gene expression has become routine. Time-series microarrays are of growing interest to systems biologists for deciphering the dynamic nature and complex regulation of biosystems. Most temporal microarray data only contain a limited number of time points, giving rise to short-time-series data, which imposes challenges for traditional methods of extracting meaningful information. To obtain useful information from the wealth of short-time series data requires addressing the problems that arise due to limited sampling. Current efforts have shown promise in improving the analysis of short time-series microarray data, although challenges remain. This commentary addresses recent advances in methods for short-time series analysis including simplification-based approaches and the integration of multi-source information. Nevertheless, further studies and development of computational methods are needed to provide practical solutions to fully exploit the potential of this data.
Photoelectrochemical Decomposition of Water on Nanocrystalline BiVO<sub>4</sub> Film Electrodes under Visible Light. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
SK&F 97426-A: A Novel Bile Acid Sequestrant with Higher Affinities and Slower Dissociation Rates for Bile Acids in vitro Than Cholestyramine (1997)

SK&F 97426-A is a novel bile acid sequestrant that is threefold more potent than cholestyramine at increasing bile acid excretion in the hamster. SK&F 97426-A is a quaternary alkylammonium polymethacrylate that was selected for comparison with cholestyramine in vivo because of its superior in vitro bile acid binding properties. Association, dissociation, affinity, and capacity experiments were performed under physiologically relevant conditions with the most abundant bile acids found in human bile. The bile acids came to equilibrium with SK&F 97426-A and cholestyramine within approximately 30 min and 6 min, respectively. SK&F 97426-A and cholestyramine had similar capacities for all the bile acids (between 2.5 and 4 mmol/g) and both had similar, very high affinities and slow dissociation rates for the dihydroxy bile acids. However, SK&F 97426-A had much higher affinities for the trihydroxy bile acids glycocholic acid and taurocholic acid than did cholestyramine. Dissociation of glycocholic acid and taurocholic acid from SK&F 97426-A was also much slower (27 and 25%, respectively, dissociated after 60 min) than from cholestyramine (89 and 84%, respectively, dissociated after 60 min). The higher affinities and slower dissociation rates of the trihydroxy bile acids for and from SK&F 97426-A probably account for the increased potency of SK&F 97426-A over cholestyramine in vivo.
Blockade of Gap Junction Hemichannel Suppresses Disease Progression in Mouse Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease (2011)

Our results suggest that gap junction hemichannel blockers may represent a new therapeutic strategy to target neurotoxic microglia specifically and prevent microglia-mediated neuronal death in various neurodegenerative diseases.
Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Neoplasia (2002)

Cervical cancer accounts for about 10% of all newly diagnosed cancers in women worldwide. The association between HPV infection and cervical neoplasia appears to be stronger than the association between smoking and lung cancer. At least 20 oncogenic HPV types have been identified in > 95% of preinvasive and invasive cervical cancers, HPV type 16 being the most common. HPV detection is important to identify those patients who may be at high risk for the development of cervical neoplasia. Detection techniques include Hybrid Capture (Digene, Silver Springs, MD) and PCR. Viral integration appears to be one of the necessary steps in malignant transformation. Recently, some of the repeated chromosomal alterations and patterns of integration sites have been identified in cervical cancer specimens. The low rate of HPV-negative cancers implies an effective HPV vaccine might have the ability to eradicate cervical cancer worldwide.
A contribution to the knowledge of Phytonomus metes F. (Col., Curculionidae) in Britain (1972)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
High H <sub>2</sub> Uptake by Alkali-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Under Ambient Pressure and Moderate Temperatures (1999)

Lithium- or potassium-doped carbon nanotubes can absorb approximately 20 or approximately 14 weight percent of hydrogen at moderate (200 degrees to 400 degrees C) or room temperatures, respectively, under ambient pressure. These values are greater than those of metal hydride and cryoadsorption systems. The hydrogen stored in the lithium- or potassium-doped carbon nanotubes can be released at higher temperatures, and the sorption-desorption cycle can be repeated with little decrease in the sorption capacity. The high hydrogen-uptake capacity of these systems may be derived from the special open-edged, layered structure of the carbon nanotubes made from methane, as well as the catalytic effect of alkali metals.
Joint estimation and optimum encoding of depth field for 3-D object-based video coding (2002)

3-D motion models can be used to remove temporal redundancy between image frames. For efficient encoding using 3-D motion information, apart from the 3-D motion parameters, a dense depth field must also be encoded to achieve 2-D motion compensation on the image plane. Inspired by rate-distortion theory, a novel method is proposed to optimally encode the dense depth fields of the moving objects in the scene. Using two intensity frames and 3-D motion parameters as inputs, an encoded depth field can be obtained by jointly minimizing a distortion criteria and a bit-rate measure. Since the method gives directly an encoded field as an output, it does not require an estimate of the field to be encoded. By efficiently encoding the depth field during the experiments, it is shown that the 3-D motion models can be used in object based video compression algorithms.
Biologic Versus Nonbiologic Mesh in Ventral Hernia Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis (2013)

Use of biologic mesh for ventral hernia repair results in less infectious wound complications but similar recurrence rates compared to nonbiologic mesh. This supports the application of biologic mesh for ventral hernia repair in high-risk patients or patients with a previous history of wound infection only when the significant additional cost of these materials can be justified and synthetic mesh is considered inappropriate.
A lane detection method for freeway aerial videos (2015)

This paper proposes a method to detect the lanes from the aerial videos, which is composed of two parts: image pre-processing and the lane detection. The first part, image pre-processing, mainly includes down-sampling, image binarizing and lane edge getting, and then a low resolution binary image will be gotten. The second part consists of the line parameter getting based on Hough Transform, false lane parameters removing, lane parameters correcting based on Kalman algorithm and ROI (region of interest) getting. After taking some characteristics of the freeway into consideration, this paper proposes a binaryzation algorithm which can convert color images into binary images directly. Furthermore, the white blocks in the binary image can be removed after lane edge getting. This paper adopts the Progressive Probabilistic Hough Transform to increase the accuracy and efficiency. What's more, in this paper, we put forward two principles to remove false line parameters based on the distribution characteristics of the lanes: the dominance of the lane angles and the similarity of the slope difference and the distance between the adjacent lane markings. Finally, in this paper, the Kalman filter is used to correct and predict the parameters. Above all, this method can detect all the lanes correctly from the aerial video, with good accuracy and robustness, even if many vehicles are on the road and pipes and poles are beside the road, and even if the freeway locates at the corner of the image or has a big dip angle.
Improved design of series-fed circularly polarised printed linear arrays (1986)

In a previous paper, a practical design method was presented for a circularly polarised printed array antenna composed of strip dipoles and slots (CP-PASS). Although the design method was useful for linear-array type CP-PASS with medium sidelobe levels, the determination procedure for the dimensions of the radiating elements was rather complicated. The paper describes an improved design method for CP-PASS to realise the lower sidelobe levels specified and to provide a much clearer determination procedure for the element dimensions. Some improved points in the array design are described and a generalised design procedure for lineararray type CP-PASS is presented. Finally, a Cheb$$$chev-array CP-PASS with a ?20 dB sidelobe level is designed and measured at S-band. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of the improved design method.
Genetic control of oral tolerance to ovalbumin in mice. (1988)

We have investigated the genetic basis of oral tolerance to OVA in a number of inbred mouse strains. Our results emphasise the efficiency of the oral route for inducing tolerance and provide evidence for both MHC and non-MHC linked control of oral tolerance.
MRI Tomography of Saturation Development in Fractures During Waterfloods at Various Wettability Conditions (2001)

Abstract At three different wettabilities, two stacked outcrop core plugs, separated by a 1 mm fracture, were waterflooded. During the experiment in-situ fluid saturations were monitored with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The sequence of 2D MRI images corroborated earlier lower resolution, larger scale experimental results on the effect of fractures during waterflooding at various wettabilities. The MRI images of oil saturation development in the fracture clearly revealed two distinct transport mechanisms for the wetting phase, water, across the fracture at several wettability conditions. When strongly-water-wet, the first core reached its spontaneous imbibition endpoint before water left the matrix and entered the fracture. The displaced water flowed down the exit face to the bottom of the fracture and displaced the oil upward at the rate of water injection. At less-water-wet conditions water droplets formed on the exit face of the first plug and grew large enough to form individual bridges between the two plugs. This happened well before the first plug reached its spontaneous imbibition endpoint. Under these conditions, the fracture filled slowly, as the bridges increased in diameter and additional bridges formed. Due to the capillary continuity of the wetting phase, a viscous pressure drop was established across the stacked core plugs, providing a viscous component to the total oil recovery.