gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AMPK inhibitor Compound C stimulates ceramide production and promotes Bax redistribution and apoptosis in MCF7 breast carcinoma cells (2009)

Compound C is commonly used as an inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which serves as a key energy sensor in cells. In this study, we found that Compound C treatment of MCF7 cells led to Bax redistribution from the cytoplasm to mitochondria and cell death. However, this effect does not involve AMPK. In addition, we found that treatment with this compound leads to an enhanced ceramide production. Analyses by quantitative PCR and ceramide synthase activity assay suggest that ceramide synthase 5 (LASS/CerS 5) is involved in Compound C-induced ceramide upregulation. Downregulation of LASS/CerS 5 was found to attenuate Compound C-mediated ceramide production, Bax redistribution, and cell death.
Precision Trace Gas Analysis by FT-IR Spectroscopy. 1. Simultaneous Analysis of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CO in Air (1999)

We report the development of a method of trace gas analysis based on 1-cm-1 resolution Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, deployable in both laboratory and field applications. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon monoxide may be analyzed simultaneously in a single air sample using this method. We have demonstrated that the method can provide analytical precision of the order of +/- 0.15 mumol mol-1 for CO2, +/- 0.9 nmol mol-1 for CH4, +/- 0.3 nmol mol-1 for N2O, and +/- 0.3 nmol mol-1 for CO, expressed as mole fractions in dry air. The analytical precision is in all cases competitive with or superior to that of the more usual methods of analysis for these trace gases, namely, nondispersive infrared spectroscopy for CO2 and gas chromatography-based techniques for CH4, N2O, and CO. The novel FT-IR method relies on calibration using synthetically calculated absorbance spectra and a chemometric multivariate calibration algorithm, classical least squares.
New degradation phenomenon in wide channel poly-Si TFTs fabricated by low temperature process (2002)

A new degradation phenomenon in low temperature (/spl les/425/spl deg/C) polycrystalline-silicon thin film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) has been investigated. The subthreshold characteristics are significantly shifted in the negative direction, which is particularly marked in wide (typical channel width: W=100 /spl mu/m) n-channel TFTs. It is considered that this degradation phenomenon is induced by the generation of holes and increase of the temperature during the operation.
Edge detection of color images using directional operators (1997)

This paper discusses an approach for detecting edges in color images. A color image is represented by a vector field, and the color image edges are detected as differences in the local vector statistics. These statistical differences can include local variations in color or spatial image properties. The proposed approach can easily accommodate concepts, such as multiscale edge detection, as well as the latest developments in vector order statistics for color image processing. A distinction between the proposed approach and previous approaches for color edge detection using vector order statistics is that, besides the edge magnitude, the local edge direction is also provided. Note that edge direction information is a relevant feature to a variety of image analysis tasks (e.g., texture analysis).
Interactive Mobile Health Intervention and Blood Pressure Management in Adults (2019)

Despite the availability of effective drugs, blood pressure (BP) control remains poor among most populations. To explore the effects of interactive mobile health (mhealth) intervention on BP management and find out the optimal target population, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to estimate the pooled effects of mhealth intervention on BP control. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI were searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials published between January 15, 2007 and April 28, 2019, and bibliographies of eligible articles were further reviewed. Random-effect models were utilized to pool estimates of net changes in systolic BP and diastolic BP between mhealth intervention group and control group. Eleven randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, with a total sample size of 4271 participants. Compared with the control group, mhealth intervention was associated with significant changes in systolic BP and diastolic BP of -3.85 mm Hg; 95% CI, -4.74 to -2.96 and -2.19 mm Hg; 95% CI, -3.16 to -1.23, respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed consistent effects across study duration and intervention intensity subgroups. In addition, participants with inadequate BP control at recruitment might gain more benefits with mhealth intervention. Therefore, interactive mhealth intervention may be a useful tool for improving BP control among adults, especially among those with inadequate BP control.
Demonstration of a Dressed-State Phase Gate for Trapped Ions (2013)

We demonstrate a trapped-ion entangling-gate scheme proposed by Bermudez et al. [Phys. Rev. A 85, 040302 (2012)]. Simultaneous excitation of a strong carrier and a single-sideband transition enables deterministic creation of entangled states. The method works for magnetic field-insensitive states, is robust against thermal excitations, includes dynamical decoupling from qubit dephasing errors, and provides simplifications in experimental implementation compared to some other entangling gates with trapped ions. We achieve a Bell state fidelity of 0.974(4) and identify the main sources of error.
Green primary explosives: 5-Nitrotetrazolato- <i>N</i> <sup>2</sup> -ferrate hierarchies (2006)

The sensitive explosives used in initiating devices like primers and detonators are called primary explosives. Successful detonations of secondary explosives are accomplished by suitable sources of initiation energy that is transmitted directly from the primaries or through secondary explosive boosters. Reliable initiating mechanisms are available in numerous forms of primers and detonators depending upon the nature of the secondary explosives. The technology of initiation devices used for military and civilian purposes continues to expand owing to variations in initiating method, chemical composition, quantity, sensitivity, explosive performance, and other necessary built-in mechanisms. Although the most widely used primaries contain toxic lead azide and lead styphnate, mixtures of thermally unstable primaries, like diazodinitrophenol and tetracene, or poisonous agents, like antimony sulfide and barium nitrate, are also used. Novel environmentally friendly primary explosives are expanded here to include cat[Fe(II)(NT)(3)(H(2)O)(3)], cat(2)[Fe(II)(NT)(4)(H(2)O)(2)], cat(3)[Fe(II)(NT)(5)(H(2)O)], and cat(4)[Fe(II)(NT)(6)] with cat = cation and NT(-) = 5-nitrotetrazolato-N(2). With available alkaline, alkaline earth, and organic cations as partners, four series of 5-nitrotetrazolato-N(2)-ferrate hierarchies have been prepared that provide a plethora of green primaries with diverse initiating sensitivity and explosive performance. They hold great promise for replacing not only toxic lead primaries but also thermally unstable primaries and poisonous agents. Strategies are also described for the systematic preparation of coordination complex green primaries based on appropriate selection of ligands, metals, and synthetic procedures. These strategies allow for maximum versatility in initiating sensitivity and explosive performance while retaining properties required for green primaries.
Modeling transcutaneous electrical stimulation (2008)

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) is a technique to artificially activate motor nerves and muscles by applying electrical current pulses to pairs of electrodes placed on the skin surface. TES can be used for sports, fitness, rehabilitation, and restoration of lost motor functions, e.g. in subjects with brain or spinal cord lesions. In this thesis a versatile TES simulation framework (TES model) that calculates nerve activation using a finite element model combined with non-linear nerve models was developed. The aim of this model was to investigate new TES technologies and to better understand specific effects in TES. Nerve activation in the TES model was calculated either in nerve bundles or by using activation volumes which describe whole regions where nerves are activated. Computer graphics methods were applied to the activation volumes in order to introduce measures to estimate the activation depth and the selectivity. The TES model and its parametrization were verified using experimental measurements that were undertaken on human volunteers. Three types of measurements were performed and compared with the TES model: • Voltage measurements using surface electrodes that measured the potential on the skin and needle electrodes in order to measure intramuscular voltages. • Motor thresholds on the volunteers were measured using an accelerometer that was placed on the stimulation electrode. • Finger forces were measured during TES using a grasp assessment system. A sensitivity study was performed in order to quantify the influence of different model parameters on nerve activation (e.g. capacitive effects, electrode-skin contact resistance, electrode material resistance, or nerve depth). This revealed the parameters with the largest influence in TES and allowed us to conclude which model simplifications can be made. One of the goals of TES systems is to selectively activate motor nerves in order to accomplish a specific motor function. However, TES
Synthesis of Reactive s-Triazines Bearing a Cage System Derived from Adamantane as Precursors of Hexamethylmelamine Analogues (1999)

The synthesis of reactive s-triazines from cyanuric chloride and 1adamantanamine, I-adamantanol, 2-adamantanol, I-adamantanemethanol and their use in the preparation of structural analogues of hexamethylmelamine are described.Cyanuric chloride (1) is a well known and very important compound which has been used in s-triazines synthesis.'Because of the polyfonctionality of cyanuric chloride, access to s-triazines by nucleophilic substitution with C-C, C-N orland C-0 bond formation has extendly been ac~omplished.~Some s-triazine derivatives have been studied for their interesting biological properties, for example hexamethylmelamine (HMM) (Scheme 1) and 2-amino-4-morpholino-s-triazine ' are clinically used respectively for their antitumoral and antiviral activities.Other works report numerous investigations on molecules in which various biological activities are enhanced by the presence of an adamantyl blocS~"
A Runtime Profile Method for Dynamic Binary Translation Using Hardware-Support Technique (2009)

Profile data is valuable for identifying program hotspots and guiding optimizations. Traditional software profiling techniques incur significant overhead and are not suitable for DBT (Dynamic Binary Translation) systems. Hardware can support profile collection through either counters or timer interrupts that permit collection of statistical samples via software. Most hardware-support profiling systems can only achieve either high profile accuracy or low overhead. In this paper, we propose a novel profile approach on DBT using hardware support technique to achieve rapidly and accurately collecting profile information with minimal runtime overhead. This approach makes use of instrumentation code and a set of profiling hardware which supports operations of updating counters. It is believed that such a software-hardware collaborative approach will serve to provide a strong foundation for optimizing DBT systems.
Southern African guidelines for the safe use of pre-exposure prophylaxis in men who have sex with men who are at risk for HIV infection (2012)

Background. The use of oral antiretrovirals to prevent HIV infection among HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) has been shown to be safe and efficacious. A large, randomised, placebo-controlled trial showed a 44% reduction in the incidence of HIV infection among MSM receiving a daily oral fixed-dose combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine (Truvada) in combination with an HIV prevention package. Improved protection was seen with higher levels of adherence.  Aim. The purpose of this guideline is to: (i) explain what pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is; (ii) outline current indications for its use; (iii) outline steps for appropriate client selection; and (iv) provide guidance for monitoring and maintaining clients on PrEP.  Method. PrEP is indicated for HIV-negative MSM who are assessed to be at high risk for HIV acquisition and who are willing and motivated to use PrEP as part of a package of HIV prevention services (including condoms, lubrication, sexually transmitted infection (STI) management and risk reduction counselling).  Recommendations. HIV testing, estimation of creatinine clearance and STI and hepatitis B screening are recommended as baseline investigations. Daily oral Truvada, along with adherence support, can then be prescribed for eligible MSM. PrEP should not be given to MSM with abnormal renal function, nor to clients who are unmotivated to use PrEP as part of an HIV prevention package; nor should it be commenced during an acute viral illness. Three-monthly follow-up visits to assess tolerance, renal function, adherence and ongoing eligibility is recommended. Six-monthly STI screens and annual creatinine levels to estimate creatinine clearance are recommended. Hepatitis B vaccination should be provided to susceptible clients. Gastro-intestinal symptoms and weight loss are common side-effects, mostly experienced for the first 4 - 8 weeks after initiating PrEP. There is a risk of the development of antiretroviral resistance among those with undiagnosed acute HIV infection during PrEP initiation and among those with sub-optimal adherence who become HIV infected while on PrEP. Risk compensation (increasing sexual behaviours that can result in exposure to HIV) while on PrEP may become a concern, and clinicians should continue to support MSM clients to continue to use condoms, condom-compatible lubrication and practice safer sex. Research is ongoing to assess optimum dosing regimens, potential long-term effects and alternative PrEP medications. Recommendations for the use of PrEP among other at-risk individuals, and the components of these recommendations, will be informed by future evidence.  S Afr J HIV Med 2012;13(2):40-55.
In vivo and in vitro metabolism of [14C]penicillic acid. (1980)

In vivo and in vitro studies of the metabolism of [14C]penicillic acid showed a significant uptake of penicillic acid by red blood cells and a significant increase in radioactivity associated with the membrane fraction with time (1-4 hr); however, the majority of the red blood cell activity was intracellular. The 14C-radioactivity concentration in liver fractions (1.5 percent of the administered dose 2 hr following administration) was high in the RNA-DNA and protein fractions. The level of the 14C activity associated with these fractions increased with time (24 hr). Preliminary studies of the in vivo metabolism of [14C]penicillic acid by rats showed that a significant amount of radioactivity was excreted in the urine (82 percent of the administered dose after 7 days), of which strongly acidic urinary metabolites accounted for 23 percent; weakly to moderately acidic, 60 percent; strongly basic, 2 percent; and neutral, 15 percent. Isolation and identification studies of the neutral urinary fraction indicated that the major metabolites are non-ionic macromolecules (Mr < 5000). Biliary metabolites (10 percent of the administered dose 2 hr following administration) were 28 percent strongly acidic and 72 percent weakly to moderately acidic.
A trust level based authentication mechanism crossing domains (2014)

For the existing inter-domain authentication mechanism, not considered the security risks by the user platform in cross-domain authentication, a cross-domain authentication method based on trust level was proposed. User trust level, platform trust level and domain trust level was introduced, the trust relationship was dynamically formed on the basis of the trust level assessed value. Safety analysis showed that the use of the cross-domain authentication method can effectively protect the privacy of users and platform environment.
Duration and mechanism for suppressive effect of triazole-based passivators on copper-sulfide deposition on insulating paper (2009)

The suppressive effect of triazole-based passivators such as 1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA) and Irgamet 39/sup TM/(CIBA Specialty, Basel, Switzerland) on the deposition of copper sulfide on insulating paper in transformers and reactors was investigated by heating test with bare and paper-wrapped copper plates. Commercially available mineral oil meeting the specification of IEC 60296 was used. This oil contained 136 ppm wt./wt. of dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS). The deposition of copper sulfide occurred after 144 h of heating at 140deg without these passivators. However, little deposition of copper sulfide occurred even after 432 h of heating when either of these passivators was added to the oil. The concentration of dissolved copper significantly decreased when either of these passivators was added to the oil, which reflects the formation of complex layers on the copper surface caused by the reaction between these passivators and copper. The complex layers were confirmed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (TOF-SIMS). The suppressive effect was derived from retarding copper from dissolving into the oil due to the reaction inhibition between DBDS and copper by the complex layers. The duration of these passivators can be determined by the durability of the complex layers.
Recent Advances in Asymmetric Gold Catalysis (2010)

Au revoir: Recent years have seen explosive growth in the use of homogeneous gold catalysts, owing to their excellent chemoselectivity, high efficiency, and applicability under mild conditions. In this Minireview, recent progress regarding asymmetric gold catalysis is summarized with discussion focused on homogeneous Au catalysts promoting CC multiple bond activation toward the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched products.
Pregnenolone sulfate block of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors: mechanism and involvement of a residue in the M2 region of the α subunit (2001)

Neurosteroids are produced in the brain, and can have rapid actions on membrane channels of neurons. Pregnenolone sulfate (PS) is a sulfated neurosteroid which reduces the responses of the [gamma]-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A)) receptor. We analysed the actions of PS on single-channel currents from recombinant GABA(A) receptors formed from [alpha]1, [beta]2 and [gamma]2L subunits. Currents were elicited by a concentration of GABA eliciting a half-maximal response (50 microM) and a saturating concentration (1 mM). PS reduced the duration of clusters of single-channel activity at either concentration of GABA. PS had no discernable effect on rapid processes: no effects were apparent on channel opening and closing, nor on GABA affinity, and a rapidly recovering desensitised state was not affected. Instead, PS produced a slowly developing block which occurred at a similar rate for receptors with open or closed channels and with one or two bound GABA molecules. The rate of block was independent of membrane potential, implying that the charged sulfate moiety does not move through the membrane field. Change in a specific residue near the intracellular end of the channel lining portion of the [alpha]1 subunit had a major effect on the rate of block. Mutation of the residue [alpha]1 V256S reduced the rate of block by 30-fold. A mutation at the homologous position of the [beta]2 subunit ([beta]2 A252S) had no effect, nor did a complementary mutation in the [gamma]2L subunit ([gamma]2L S266A). It seems likely that this residue is involved in a conformational change underlying block by PS, instead of forming part of the binding site for PS.
Development of a gallium-doped germanium far-infrared photoconductor direct hybrid two-dimensional array (2003)

To our knowledge, we are the first to successfully report a direct hybrid two-dimensional (2D) detector array in the far-infrared region. Gallium-doped germanium (Ge:Ga) has been used extensively to produce sensitive far-infrared detectors with a cutoff wavelength of approximately equal to 110 microm (2.7 THz). It is widely used in the fields of astronomy and molecular and solid spectroscopy. However, Ge:Ga photoconductors must be cooled below 4.2 K to reduce thermal noise, and this operating condition makes it difficult to develop a large format array because of the need for a warm amplifier. Development of Ge:Ga photoconductor arrays to take 2D terahertz images is now an important target in such research fields as space astronomy. We present the design of a 20 x 3 Ge:Ga far-infrared photoconductor array directly hybridized to a Si p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor readout integrated circuit using indium-bump technology. The main obstacles in creating this 2D array were (1) fabricating a monolithic Ge:Ga 2D array with a longitudinal configuration, (2) developing a cryogenic capacitive transimpedance amplifer, and (3) developing a technology for connecting the detector to the electronics. With this technology, a prototype Ge:Ga photoconductor with a direct hybrid structure has shown a responsivity as high as 14.6 A/W and a minimum detectable power of 5.6 x 10(-17) W for an integration time of 0.14 s when it was cooled to 2.1 K. Its noise is limited by the readout circuit with 20 microV/Hz(1/2) at 1 Hz. Vibration and cooling tests demonstrated that this direct hybrid structure is strong enough for spaceborne instruments. This detector array will be installed on the Japanese infrared satellite ASTRO-F.
A Data-driven Approach to Human-body Cloning Using a Segmented Body Database (2007)

We present a data-driven approach to build a human body model from a single photograph by performing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on a database of body segments. We segment a collection of human bodies to compile the required database prior to performing the analysis. Our approach then builds a single PCA for each body segment - head, left and right arms, torso and left and right legs - yielding six PCAs in total. This strategy improves on the flexibility of conventional data-driven approaches in 3D modeling and allows our approach to take variations in ethnicity, age and body posture into account. We demonstrate our approach in practice by constructing models of a Caucasian male, an Asian male and a toddler from corresponding photographs and a Caucasian adult oriented database. We also discuss rapid consistent parameterization based on Radial Basis Functions (RBF) and non-optimization based learning systems to reduce execution time.