gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Divide and Conquer: A Deep CASA Approach to Talker-independent Monaural Speaker Separation (2019)

We address talker-independent monaural speaker separation from the perspectives of deep learning and computational auditory scene analysis (CASA). Specifically, we decompose the multi-speaker separation task into the stages of simultaneous grouping and sequential grouping. Simultaneous grouping is first performed in each time frame by separating the spectra of different speakers with a permutation-invariantly trained neural network. In the second stage, the frame-level separated spectra are sequentially grouped to different speakers by a clustering network. The proposed deep CASA approach optimizes frame-level separation and speaker tracking in turn, and produces excellent results for both objectives. Experimental results on the benchmark WSJ0-2mix database show that the new approach achieves the state-of-the-art results with a modest model size.
RAPID PATTERN DEVELOPMENT FOR CONCEPT RECOGNITION SYSTEMS: APPLICATION TO POINT MUTATIONS (2007)

The primary biomedical literature is being generated at an unprecedented rate, and researchers cannot keep abreast of new developments in their fields. Biomedical natural language processing is being developed to address this issue, but building reliable systems often requires many expert-hours. We present an approach for automatically developing collections of regular expressions to drive high-performance concept recognition systems with minimal human interaction. We applied our approach to develop MutationFinder, a system for automatically extracting mentions of point mutations from the text. MutationFinder achieves performance equivalent to or better than manually developed mutation recognition systems, but the generation of its 759 patterns has required only 5.5 expert-hours. We also discuss the development and evaluation of our recently published high-quality, human-annotated gold standard corpus, which contains 1,515 complete point mutation mentions annotated in 813 abstracts. Both MutationFinder and the complete corpus are publicly available at (http://mutationfinder.sourceforge.net/).
Effect of Pasteurella multocida toxin on bone resorption in vitro (1992)

Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT), which is the primary etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of progressive atrophic rhinitis in pigs, was found to stimulate bone resorption in vitro. This stimulation was observed both in cultures of murine calvaria by measuring the release of calcium and of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase and in murine long bone cultures by measuring the release of calcium. Both systems showed the same dose response curve, with the maximal effect at a concentration of 5 ng/ml. The effect on calvaria was studied in more detail. PMT increased bone resorption 24 h after its addition and always had to be present to express an effect. Calcitonin was able to inhibit this increase of resorption completely, and inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis suppressed it partially. Although the data show an effect of PMT on bone tissue, the results do not exclude an action on cells in the nasal cavity, which could indirectly stimulate bone resorption.
Random Access Editing of Digital Audio (1984)

On discute les caracteristiques de fonctionnement et les criteres de conception pour une forme d'edition a acces aleatoire et on profile une nouvelle architecture du systeme
[Radionuclide ventriculographic assessment of cardiac function based on the analysis of cardiac reserve during dynamic exercise]. (1986)

To evaluate the contribution of myocardial contractility and preload to increase cardiac output during supine bicycle exercise, quantitative radionuclide ventriculography was performed at rest (R) and during peak exercise (Ex) in 43 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 13 normal subjects. Myocardial contractility was estimated from the ratio of peak systolic pressure to end-systolic volume index (P/V index). During Ex in normal subjects, P/V index invariably increased and its percent change from R to Ex averaged 98 +/- 46 percent. Stroke index (SI) in normal subjects increased from 48 +/- 9 to 57 +/- 7 ml/m2 during Ex (p less than 0.001) without an increase in end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) (76 +/- 11 vs 78 +/- 11 ml/m2, NS). Ten of 43 patients with CAD, whose percent increase in P/V index was more than 40 percent, showed a significant increase in SI during Ex (44 +/- 5 vs 51 +/- 12 ml/m2, p +/- 0.05) without an increase in EDVI (86 +/- 14 vs 87 +/- 15 ml/m2, NS). In 16 of 43 patients with CAD whose percent increase in P/V index was less than 40 percent, SI increased from 44 +/- 10 to 51 +/- 15 ml/m2 (p less than 0.01) during Ex with an increase in EDVI (102 +/- 24 vs 117 +/- 29 ml/m2, p less than 0.001). In the remaining 17 patients with CAD whose P/V index decreased during Ex, SI did not increase during Ex (48 +/- 14 vs 44 +/- 12 ml/m2, NS) despite an increase in EDVI (80 +/- 19 vs 94 +/- 18 ml/m2, p less than 0.01). These results indicate that the Frank-Starling mechanism operates under limited augmentation in myocardial contractility, and that its compensatory function may have limitations under the severely depressed reserve of myocardial contractility.
RGD‐Porphyrin Conjugates: Synthesis and Potential Application in Photodynamic Therapy (2003)

Abstract We report a convenient solid‐phase synthesis and characterisation of a new class of glycosylated porphyrins bearing the RGD tripeptide, designed for photodynamic cancer therapy. The photocytotoxicities of these compounds against the K562 leukemia cell line are also presented and compared to the effect of Photofrin II ® . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Higher numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in stroke patients with intracranial arterial stenosis (2013)

cEPC numbers were associated with degrees of IAS. This measurement may be useful for non-invasive evaluation of atherosclerotic IAS.
Adaptive equalisation of discrete channels via fast convolution techniques (1981)

A discrete adaptive equaliser for synchronous data transmission is presented, based on fast convolution techniques and efficient Fourier transform computation algorithms. Mean-square error minimisation is automatically performed in the discrete frequency domain by using Rosen's gradient projection method. Algorithms are developed to enable the equaliser control to estimate both mean-square error gradient and correction step size and modify the filter tap weights directly in the discrete frequency domain. This discrete frequency-domain equaliser is compared with the conventional time-domain equaliser as regards ease of implementation and speed of convergence.
Gastrointestinal Tumors: Metastasis and Tetraspanins (2006)

Tumors of the gastrointestinal tract -- gastric, colorectal, pancreatic and liver tumors -- account for over 50 % of cancer worldwide. The 5-year survival rate varies from > 50 % in colorectal to < 1 % in pancreatic cancer. The high cancer death rate strikingly correlates with the high metastasizing capacity of most gastrointestinal tumors. Therefore and because during the last decade several important hypotheses on metastasis formation could be settled on solid experimental ground, this review will first provide a brief outline on the currently most accepted view of tumor progression and then discuss whether and how the rather new family of tetraspanin molecules might contribute to cancer progression. Notably, some members of this family, in particular, CD82/KAI1 are known as metastasis suppressor genes, while others like CD151 and CO-029 are supposed to promote metastasis formation. The underlying mechanisms are beginning to become unraveled. Tetraspanins assemble complexes of different tetraspanins, integrins and additional transmembrane molecules in microdomains that serve as signaling platform. By creating proximity, tetraspanins modulate functional activity of the associating molecules. In addition, tetraspanins actively contribute to the intracellular traffic of the associating molecules that includes vesicular budding and formation of exosomes that are particularly rich in tetraspanins. Accordingly, the association of certain tetraspanins with the metastatic phenotype as well as the definition of other tetraspanins as metastasis suppressor genes has to be viewed from the perspective of molecular complexes rather than the individual tetraspanin.
In Situ Observation of Voltage‐Induced Multilevel Resistive Switching in Solid Electrolyte Memory (2011)

Solid electrolyte memories utilizing voltage-induced resistance change display the capability of multilevel switching, but understanding of the microscopic switching mechanism has been left incomplete. Here, in situ TEM observation of voltage-induced changes in the microstructure of a solid electrolyte memory is reported, revealing that the multilevel switching originates from the growth of multiple conducting filaments with nanometer-sized diameter and spacing. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tibetan herbal formula Padma Digestin modulates gastrointestinal motility in vitro (2013)

Padma Digestin extract has region-specific effects on the contractility and excitability of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Our results support the traditional use of Padma Digestin for maldigestion and functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Molecular Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of the Superoxide Dismutase Gene and Characterization of Its Product from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1998)

Bacillus subtilis was found to possess one detectable superoxide dismutase (Sod) in both vegetative cells and spores. The Sod activity in vegetative cells was maximal at stationary phase. Manganese was necessary to sustain Sod activity at stationary phase, but paraquat, a superoxide generator, did not induce the expression of Sod. The specific activity of purified Sod was approximately 2, 600 U/mg of protein, and the enzyme was a homodimer protein with a molecular mass of approximately 25,000 per monomer. The gene encoding Sod, designated sodA, was cloned by the combination of several PCR methods and the Southern hybridization method. DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of one open reading frame consisting of 606 bp. Several putative promoter sites were located in the upstream region of sodA. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high homology with other bacterial manganese Sods. Conserved regions in bacterial manganese Sod could also be seen. The phenotype of double mutant Escherichia coli sodA sodB, which could not grow in minimal medium without supplemental amino acids, was complemented by the expression of B. subtilis sodA.
Loss of Reduced Folate Carrier Function and Folate Depletion Result in Enhanced Pemetrexed Inhibition of Purine Synthesis (2005)

Pemetrexed is a novel antifolate with polyglutamate derivatives that are potent inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (TS) and to a lesser extent glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT). Conditions that might modulate relative suppression of these sites were assessed by the pattern of hypoxanthine and thymidine protection. When grown with 25 nmol/L racemic 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, thymidine alone fully protected wild-type HeLa cells to at least 1 micromol/L pemetrexed, but protection of a reduced folate carrier (RFC)-null subline required both thymidine and hypoxanthine above a concentration of 30 nmol/L pemetrexed. As medium 5-formyltetrahydrofolate was decreased, protection by thymidine alone decreased, and was further diminished when HeLa cells were grown in dialyzed serum. There was little protection by thymidine of RFC-null HeLa cells under the latter conditions. Thymidine alone was not protective, and hypoxanthine alone produced only a small (2-fold) increase in IC(50), in a HeLa-derived line 8-fold resistant to pemetrexed due to a modest increase in TS. Finally, in MCF-7 breast cancer cells there was greater protection with thymidine alone than in HeLa cells when cells were grown in medium containing a low concentration of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate. These observations indicate that as intracellular folates decrease in HeLa cells, due to decreased extracellular reduced folate, or loss of RFC function, pemetrexed inhibition of GARFT increases. These data support the concept that the contribution to pemetrexed activity by inhibition of GARFT, particularly at low folate levels, is a contributing factor to drug activity but relative inhibition of TS and GARFT may vary among human tumors and cell lines.
DexterNet: An Open Platform for Heterogeneous Body Sensor Networks and its Applications (2009)

We present an open-source platform for wireless body sensor networks called DexterNet. The system supports real-time, persistent human monitoring in both indoor and outdoor environments. The platform utilizes a three-layer architecture to control heterogeneous body sensors. The first layer called the body sensor layer (BSL) deals with design of heterogeneous body sensors and their instrumentation on the body. At the second layer called the personal network layer (PNL), the body sensors on a single subject communicate with a mobile base station, which supports Linux OS and the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. The BSL and PNL functions are abstracted and implemented as an open-source software library, called Signal Processing In Node Environment (SPINE). A DexterNet network is scalable, and can be reconfigured on-the-fly via SPINE. At the third layer called the global network layer (GNL), multiple PNLs communicate with a remote Internet server to permanently log the sensor data and support higher-level applications. We demonstrate the versatility of the DexterNet platform via several real-world applications.
Increased Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Uremia Is Associated with Chronic Inflammation and Prevalent Coronary Artery Disease (2017)

<i>Background.</i> Neutrophils are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. We hypothesized that the NET formation of neutrophils might be changed in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, explaining their higher incidence of coronary artery diseases (CAD). <i>Method.</i> A cross-sectional study was performed in 60 maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, 30 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (HV, negative control), and 30 patients with acute infection (positive control). Neutrophil activation and function were measured with reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, degranulation, NET formation, and phenotypical changes. <i>Result.</i> Compared with HV, neutrophils extracted from MHD patients displayed significantly increased levels of basal NET formation, ROS production, and degranulation, suggesting spontaneous activation in uremia. Also, an increase in citrullinated histone H3 was detected in this group compared to the HV. And neutrophils from HV were normal CD16<sup>bright</sup>/CD62L<sup>bright</sup> cells; however, neutrophils from MHD were CD16<sup>bright</sup>/CD62L<sup>dim</sup>, similar to those from patients with acute infections. Interestingly, multivariate analyses identified the prevalent CAD and neutrophil counts as independent determinants of baseline NET formation (<i>β</i> = 0.323, <i>p</i> = 0.016 and <i>β</i> = 0.369, <i>p</i> = 0.006, resp.). <i>Conclusions.</i> Uremia-associated-increased NET formation may be a sign of increased burden of atherosclerosis.
Physical and electrochemichromic properties of rf sputtered tungsten oxide films (1983)

The physical and electrochemichromic properties of rf sputtered tungsten oxide films from a compressed powder WO3 target have been investigated. This report mainly concerns the dependence of the properties on the total pressure of the sputtering atmosphere. The oxide films, 5000–5300 Å thick, were deposited on substrates maintained at 200 °C under total pressures of 5×10−3–8×10−2 Torr in an atmosphere of Ar gas or Ar–5% O2 mixture. The physical and electrochromic properties of the oxide films prepared are dependent on the total pressure during deposition. The electrical resistivity ranges from 4.75×107 to 3.33×1011 Ω cm depending on the pressure. From x-ray analysis, the films prepared under pressures of 5×10−3–1.5×10−2 Torr were found to be crystalline and assigned a composition of WO2.83. The films prepared under pressures of 1.8×10−2–8×10−2 Torr were found to be amorphous. Electrochemical coloration of these oxide films was observed using an asymmetric cell, and the coloration characteristics of the oxide films were found to be dependent on the electrical resistivity and structure of the films. The amorphous films with high resistivity have good electrochromic properties, but the crystalline films with low resistivity are hardly colored. The optical band gap, refractive index, and density of the oxide films are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Fibrous, Porous Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Ceramics from Hydroxyapatite Whiskers. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fusing range and intensity images for generating dense models of three-dimensional environments (2006)

Dexamethasone appears useful as an adjunct in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis especially in patients who have severe disease. The results need confirmation by a larger trial.
Optimization Of Resist Optical Density For High Resolution Lithography On Reflective Surfaces (1985)

The effect of positive photo resist's unbleachable absorbance on standing wave effects, reflective notching, scumming, exposure latitude and time, bleaching rates, and resist contrast has been evaluated using both theoretical simulation and experimental data. The addition of unbleachable dye to the resist film is shown to reduce reflective notching and the variation of dose with changing resist thickness. Adding dye also leads to a larger standing wave toe on the resist profiles and to increased exposure times. Bleaching rates are reduced and resist profiles are decreased from the vertical. Data is presented showing the improved CD control using dyed resist on interconnect layers.
Three-dimensional TV: a novel method for generating surrogate depth maps using colour information (2009)

The ability to convert 2D video material to 3D would be extremely valuable for the 3D-TV industry. Such conversion might be achieved using depth maps extracted from the original 2D content. We previously demonstrated that surrogate depth maps with limited or imprecise depth information could be used to produce effective stereoscopic images. In the current study, we investigated whether gray intensity images associated with the Cr colour component of standard 2D-colour video sequences could be used effectively as surrogate depth maps. Colour component-based depth maps were extracted from ten video sequences and used to render images for the right-eye view. These were then combined with the original images for the left-eye view to form ten stereoscopic test sequences. A panel of viewers assessed the depth quality and the visual comfort of the synthesized test sequences and, for comparison, of monoscopic and camera-captured stereoscopic versions of the same sequences. The data showed that the ratings of depth quality for the synthesized test sequences were higher than those of the monoscopic versions, but lower than those of the camera-captured stereoscopic versions. For visual comfort, ratings were lower for the synthesized than for the monoscopic sequences but either equal to or higher than those of the camera-captured versions
A novel regulatory element (E77) isolated from CHO‐K1 genomic DNA enhances stable gene expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells (2016)

Vectors flanked by regulatory DNA elements have been used to generate stable cell lines with high productivity and transgene stability; however, regulatory elements in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which are the most widely used mammalian cells in biopharmaceutical production, are still poorly understood. We isolated a novel gene regulatory element from CHO-K1 cells, designated E77, which was found to enhance the stable expression of a transgene. A genomic library was constructed by combining CHO-K1 genomic DNA fragments with a CMV promoter-driven GFP expression vector, and the E77 element was isolated by screening. The incorporation of the E77 regulatory element resulted in the generation of an increased number of clones with high expression, thereby enhancing the expression level of the transgene in the stable transfectant cell pool. Interestingly, the E77 element was found to consist of two distinct fragments derived from different locations in the CHO genome shotgun sequence. High and stable transgene expression was obtained in transfected CHO cells by combining these fragments. Additionally, the function of E77 was found to be dependent on its site of insertion and specific orientation in the vector construct. Our findings demonstrate that stable gene expression mediated by the CMV promoter in CHO cells may be improved by the isolated novel gene regulatory element E77 identified in the present study.
Genesis of some calcretes in the southern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: Implications for mineral exploration (1998)

(1998). Genesis of some calcretes in the southern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: Implications for mineral exploration. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences: Vol. 45, Geology and mineralisation in the Proterozoic 'Carpentaria Zinc belt' of northern Australia, pp. 177-182.
A study of spherical reflectors as wide-angle scanning antennas (1959)

A study is made of spherical reflectors for use as wide-angle scanning antennas. In order to keep the effects of spherical aberration within tolerable limits, the approach of using a restricted aperture is adopted. This approach is suitable for applications requiring very wide angles of scan. Experimental results show that the phase error over the illuminated aperture of a spherical reflector should not exceed one-sixteenth of a wavelength. This requirement determines the beamwidth of the primary source. A square-aperture horn with diagonal polarization is found to satisfy the requirements of a suitable feed for the reflector. Secondary patterns of a 10-foot-diameter hemispherical reflector illuminated by this horn at 11.2 kmc have a 3-db beamwidth of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.76\deg</tex> and a relative sidelobe level of about -20 db throughout a total useful angle of scan of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">140\deg</tex> . The measured gain is 39.4 db, which is equivalent to the gain of a uniformly illuminated circular aperture of 31-inch diameter.