gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Somatic mutation and homozygous deletion of PTEN/MMAC1 gene of 10q23 in renal cell carcinoma. (2000)

We studied chromosome 10q loss of heterozygosity and PTEN/MMAC1 gene inactivation in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Fifty-four cases of RCCs were analysed by three 10q RFLP markers. Forty one of them were heterozygous for at least one of the markers, of which fourteen showed LOH (34%). Six tumors which showed 10q deletion for RFLP markers and six randomly selected tumors without RFLP LOH were included in an extended study of 10q by eight microsatellite markers. Eight of these cases showed LOH with two smallest deleted regions (SRO) at 10q23 delineated by markers D10S541 and D10S579 while the other distal SRO is between markers D10S587 and D10S212 at 10q25-26. The five tumors with LOH covering 10q23 were selected for mutation analysis of PTEN/MMAC1 gene. One tumor without LOH of 10q23 was selected as a control. Using direct sequencing of nine exons, we found three different base pair changes in three tumors with LOH. Nine RCC cell lines were analysed for PTEN/MMAC1 gene inactivation. One homozygous deletion was detected in the cell line UOK147. No expression of PTEN/MMAC1 gene was detect by RT-PCR in the cell line UOK 147.
In Vitro Release by <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> of Galactofuranose Antigens, 1,3-β- <scp>d</scp> -Glucan, and DNA, Surrogate Markers Used for Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis (2006)

Aspergillus markers are becoming increasingly important for the early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. The kinetics of release of these surrogate markers, however, is largely unknown. We investigated the release of beta-(1-5)-galactofuranosyl (galf) antigens (Platelia Aspergillus), 1,3-beta-D-glucan (BG) (Fungitell), and DNA (PCR) in an in vitro model of Aspergillus fumigatus. The results showed that release is correlated to the growth phase of the fungus, which depends on available nutrients. Whereas galf antigens and BG are released during logarithmic growth, DNA is released only after mycelium breakdown. During early logarithmic growth, galf antigens seem to be released somewhat earlier than BG. Furthermore, galf antigen concentrations of more than 120,000 times the serum cutoff value (0.5 ng/ml) can be measured, while BG concentrations reach a value only 978 times the serum cutoff value (60 pg/ml). During lytical growth, release of galf antigens further increased to a maximum level, which depended on pH. After that, the concentration of galf antigens stayed high (pH 7.4) or decreased to zero within 4 days (pH 5.0). In contrast to galf antigens, BG concentration decreased after 1 day of growth. The decrease of galf components seems to be due to the enzyme beta-galactofuranosidase, which is able to destroy galf epitopes and whose activity fluctuates in the culture filtrates in parallel with galf antigen concentration. Fungal DNA seems to be released only due to autolysis caused by nutrient limitation. In conclusion, several factors clearly influence the release of surrogate markers in vitro. These same factors might also play a role at the infection site of Aspergillus disease in humans.
Dynamic Regulation of Expression and Phosphorylation of Tau by Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 In Neural Progenitor Cells from Adult Rat Hippocampus (1999)

The nature of the extracellular signals that regulate the expression and the phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau, which is aberrantly hyperphosphorylated in Alzheimer disease and other adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases, is not known. We have found that neural progenitor cells from adult rat hippocampus express adult isoforms of tau and that the expression and the phosphorylation of tau are regulated by fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Astrocytes that are differentiated from these cells by stimulation with ciliary neurotrophic factor express phosphorylated tau similarly when cultured in the presence of FGF-2. In fetal progenitor cells that express only the fetal tau isoform, expression, but not the phosphorylation, of this protein is regulated by FGF-2 in cultures of higher passages. The FGF-2-mediated tau hyperphosphorylation is inhibited by lithium, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), but not by inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase or the cyclin-dependent kinases. Furthermore, both GSK-3 activity and the phosphorylation of tau increase when the concentration of FGF-2 is increased up to 40 ng/ml. These results demonstrate that proliferating adult rat hippocampal progenitor cells express adult isoforms of tau stably and that FGF-2 upregulates the expression and, by upregulating GSK-3 activity, the phosphorylation of tau.
Analysis of Harmonics in Power Systems Using the Wavelet Packet Transform (2006)

The paper proposes an algorithm based on the wavelet-packet transform for the analysis of harmonics in power systems. The algorithm proposed decomposes the voltage/current waveforms into uniform frequency bands corresponding to the odd harmonic components of the signal. First, the selection of the mother wavelet, the sampling frequency and the frequency characteristics of the selected wavelet filter bank are studied. Finally the performance of the method proposed is compared with the results obtained using DFT analysis and the harmonic group concept introduced by the International Electrotechnical Commission using different test waveforms proposed in standard IEC-61000-4-7
Analysis of TWo-Dimensionally Periodic Structures: Graphical Methods and Physical Consequences (1999)

A rigorous analysis is presented for the guiding of waves by a two-dimensionally periodic impedance surfaces. Numerical results are obtained systematically and graphical methods are employed to explain various physical effects that are peculiar to the class of structures under consideration.
Nuclear magnetic resonance evidence regarding the stereochemistry of some cyanoindanylidene compounds (1971)

The n.m.r. spectra of a series of indane derivatives with an exocyclic double bond have been examined, and the stereochemistry of such compounds deduced from chemical-shift data. Stereochemical assignments extend, and are different from, those previously reported.
Synthesis of 2-Alkylbenzimidazoles via TiO<sub>2</sub>-Mediated Photocatalysis (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis of 2-Alkylbenzimidazoles via TiO2-Mediated PhotocatalysisHongyu Wang, Richard E. Partch, and Yuzhuo LiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 15, 5222–5225Publication Date (Web):July 25, 1997Publication History Received11 February 1997Published online25 July 1997Published inissue 1 July 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo970253jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo970253jbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1263Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Irradiation,Oxides,Redox reactions,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Failure of the Kapuni-Auckland high-pressure gas pipeline (1978)

On 2 July 1977, the Kapuni-Auckland high-pressure natural gas pipeline failed explosively and caught fire at Pukearuhe in the Mount Messenger area, some 60 km north of New Plymouth. Repairs were effected and the pipeline put back into service within 24 hours. There was no interrruption of supply to consumers beyond the blowout owing to sufficient gas being stored in the isolated section of the pipeline, combined with the usual low demand for gas at weekends. Some trouble was experienced with an automatic sectionalising valve which failed to close fully but this was fortunately situated on the supply side of the break.
A single gene for human TRAF-3 at chromosome 14q32.3 encodes a variety of mRNA species by alternative polyadenylation, mRNA splicing and transcription initiation (1998)

Human TRAF-3 is a signaling molecule that interacts with the cytoplasmic tails of CD40 and other TNF-receptor family members. TRAF-3 mRNA is expressed as two major classes of approximately 2 and 8 kb and a number of TRAF-3 encoding cDNA clones differ in discrete gene segments. Because this variety of mRNA species could result from mRNA processing events and/or multiple genes, the structure and localization of TRAF-3 encoding gene elements were determined. FISH and radiation hybrid mapping demonstrated that TRAF-3 is located at chromosome 14q32.3, approximately 1 Mb centromeric to the Ig heavy chain gene complex. Physical mapping of four overlapping genomic PAC clones established that TRAF-3 transcripts are encoded by a single gene, comprised of 13 exons and spanning 130 kb. Alternative polyadenylation in the mRNA segment encoded by exon 12 accounts for the difference between the 2 kb and the 8 kb classes of transcripts. Alternative mRNA splicing in the coding region (encoded by exons 3-12) generates transcripts which delete exons 8 (75 nt), 7+8 (156 nt) or 8+9 (168 nt) and that encode distinct protein isoforms (delta25, delta52 and delta56 aa, respectively). Alternative splicing of exon 2 (139 nt) and alternative transcriptional initiation result in mRNA species with distinct 5'UTRs. Together, these data indicate that a single TRAF-3 gene encodes a variety of mRNA species by a combination of alternative polyadenylation, alternative mRNA splicing and/or alternative initiation.
Helical-Grooved Journal Bearing Operated in Turbulent Regime (1970)

Abstract An analysis for helical bearings operated in turbulent regime, with negligible inertia in an incompressible fluid film, was performed [10, 11]. The analysis is based on the linearised lubrication theory developed by Ng and Pan [4]. The outlines for this analysis and, in particular, the bearing performance data for various helical groovings are given in this paper. The data presented include the bearing performance at the steady state, the stiffness and damping coefficients, and the critical mass of journal in both laminar and turbulent regimes. To facilitate designs, these data are computed for optimal geometries of helical grooved bearings to provide maximum radial stiffness at various Reynolds numbers. In addition, the effect of external pressurized supply of lubricant are shown in the performance curves.
Escherichia coli Secretion Vector Using the kil Gene (2020)

To increase the amount of extracellular protein, a new series of secretion vectors pEAP82-l, pEAP82-2, and pEAP82-3 were constructed. The modified DNA fragment of the Fc structural gene was ligated with the large Cla 1-HindUl fragament of secretion vector pEAP8. A secretion vector, pEAP84 that contained a unique restriction site (Bgl II) at the 3' end of the penicillinase gene to allow production of a fused protein, and the Ex-kil region to make the outer membrane permeable, was constructed from pEAP82-l. A recombinant plasmid p84h06, which contained a synthetic gene for the human calcitonin, with a cyanogen bromide cleavage site at the junction site of the fused protein, was constructed and introduced into E coli. The secretion system showed several advantage for production of the peptide products; the penicillinase-fused product affords protection of the desired peptide from the enzymatic degradation.
The design and application of rotary encoders (2008)

Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the increasing use of rotary or angle encoders and examine two distinct types of non‐contact encoders that employ novel technologies to meet the demands of very different applications. Design/methodology/approach – Firstly, examines the design characteristics of optical angle encoders which are used for precision applications such as rotary format computer‐to‐plate pre‐press machines, machine tool A, B and C axes, and surface mount machines. Then considers magnetic encoder design, including the latest OnAxis™ technology for lower cost applications which require less precision, but are often more physically demanding. Findings – Different rotary motion applications demand different combinations of performance and features to optimise their function – some require accuracy, others repeatability, high‐resolution or low‐cyclic error for velocity loop control, plus cost can also be a key consideration. Practical implications – There is an increasing need to control rotary motion. An appreciation of the design principles of optical angle and rotary magnetic encoders is necessary to ensure that the correct choice of encoder is made for each application. For an angle encoder system, trade‐offs should be made to determine a realistic specification, and whilst many factors can limit achievable accuracy, techniques are available for reducing any shortfall. For applications where cost constraints and lower accuracy specifications demand a magnetic encoder, robust OnAxis™ sensor technology is gaining acceptance amongst designers, and whilst many of the basic design principles of optical encoders still apply, other specific technical aspects, such as much lower resolution and accuracy must be understood before using these devices. Hidden design costs should also be understood such as installation timings and the environmental suitability of magnets. Originality/value – Will aid designers of rotary motion systems to make a well‐informed selection of encoder type, based on the detailed needs of their applications, including accuracy and cost budgets.
Synthesis and Properties of the Emerging Azacalix[1<sub>4</sub>]arenes (2011)

Abstract We describe the synthesis and spectrophotometric studies of novel N(H)‐azacalix[4]arenes. The unprecedented direct functionalization of the N(H) bridges furnished N( R )‐bridged aza[1 4 ]calixarene 11 that could complex a neutral guest (CH 2 Cl 2 ) or could be further reduced into corresponding tetraamino derivative 12 .
A strand-passage conformation of DNA gyrase is required to allow the bacterial toxin, CcdB, to access its binding site (2006)

DNA gyrase is the only topoisomerase able to introduce negative supercoils into DNA. Absent in humans, gyrase is a successful target for antibacterial drugs. However, increasing drug resistance is a serious problem and new agents are urgently needed. The naturally-produced Escherichia coli toxin CcdB has been shown to target gyrase by what is predicted to be a novel mechanism. CcdB has been previously shown to stabilize the gyrase 'cleavage complex', but it has not been shown to inhibit the catalytic reactions of gyrase. We present data showing that CcdB does indeed inhibit the catalytic reactions of gyrase by stabilization of the cleavage complex and that the GyrA C-terminal DNA-wrapping domain and the GyrB N-terminal ATPase domain are dispensable for CcdB's action. We further investigate the role of specific GyrA residues in the action of CcdB by site-directed mutagenesis; these data corroborate a model for CcdB action based on a recent crystal structure of a CcdB-GyrA fragment complex. From this work, we are now able to present a model for CcdB action that explains all previous observations relating to CcdB-gyrase interaction. CcdB action requires a conformation of gyrase that is only revealed when DNA strand passage is taking place.
The purification and characterization of a phospholipase A in hamster heart cytosol for the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine. (1987)

Phospholipases A1 and A2 catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl groups of phospholipids at C-1 and C-2, respectively. These phospholipases are important in phospholipid catabolism and the remodeling of the acyl groups of phospholipids. Phospholipase A from hamster heart cytosol was purified by a combination of ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The purity of the enzyme was assessed by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, two-dimension polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunological studies. The purified enzyme exhibited both phospholipase A1 and A2 activities toward phosphatidylcholine and had the ability to hydrolyze the acyl groups of phosphatidylethanolamine. However, the enzyme was not active toward lysophosphatidylcholine, diacylglycerol, or triacylglycerol. By Sepharose 6B chromatography, the molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 140,000. Analysis of the purified enzyme by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the enzyme was composed of identical Mr 14,000 subunits. At least six subunits in the native enzyme could be cross-linked by dimethyl suberimidate. Both phospholipase A1 and A2 activities showed similar pH profiles, exhibited no absolute requirements for divalent metallic cations, but displayed a high degree of specificity for the acyl groups of phosphatidylcholine at both C-1 and C-2. The Km of phospholipases A1 and A2 for 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidon-ylglycerophosphocholine was found to be identical (0.5 mM).
Histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 alone or combined with bortezomib or sorafenib exhibits strong antiproliferative action in human cholangiocarcinoma cells (2007)

The growth of human cholangiocarcinoma cells can be potently inhibited by MS-275 alone or in combination with conventional cytostatic drugs or new, targeted anticancer agents.
Low Temperature Dry Cells (1946)

Two types of dry cells have been produced to give acceptable electric output at temperatures of −30° C and lower. One involves an electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of methylamine hydrochloride and zinc chloride with added ammonium chloride, while the other uses an electrolyte consisting of an aqueous solution of calcium chloride and zinc chloride with ammonium chloride added. It is shown, especially in the latter case, that the concentrations of the component salts are critical. In the course of the work on the calcium chloride type a cell of remarkably constant voltage was obtained.
The metabolism of anthracene and 9,10-dimethylanthracene by bacteria isolated from waters. (1991)

The metabolism of two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons i.e. anthracene and 9,10-dimethylanthracene by Micrococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus macerans was examined. The above compounds were used as a sole carbon source for their growth. Using the reversed-phase thin layer chromatography techniques a number of anthracene and 9,10-dimethylanthracene metabolites were isolated and their structures identified spectroscopically. These included anthracene and 9,10-dimethylanthracene cis-dihydrodiols, hydroxy-methyl-derivatives and various phenolic compounds. Bacteria metabolise hydrocarbons using the dioxygenase enzyme system, which differs from the mammalian cytochrome P-450 monoxygenase. Hence in addition rat liver microsomal metabolism of the above hydrocarbons was investigated using the same separation techniques.
A register allocation technique using register existence graph (2002)

Optimizing compilation is very important for generating code sequences in order to utilize the characteristics of processor architectures. One of the most essential optimization techniques is register allocation. In register allocation that takes account of instruction-level parallelism, anti-dependences generated when the same register is allocated to different variables, and spill code generated when the number of registers is insufficient should be handled in such a way that the parallelism in a program is not lost. In our method, we realized register allocation using a new data structure called the register existence graph, in which the parallelism in program is well expressed.
Zn<sup>2+</sup>-Dependent Peptide Nucleic Acids Probes (2004)

Binding of bis-picolylamine-naphthalene diimide-peptide nucleic acid conjugates to complementary DNA is strongly dependent upon Zn2+; ultimately, hybridization is switched ON in the presence muM Zn2+.
Measurement of Specific Capacitance for Nb/Al–AlO $_{x}$/Nb Josephson Junctions in Single-Flux Quantum Circuit Applications (2018)

In this study, we investigate different technologies to measure the specific capacitances C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sub> of Nb/Al-AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /Nb Josephson junctions. They involve measuring Fiske mode resonance in long Josephson junctions, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) resonance, and Josephson plasma resonance. We find a logarithmic relationship between the junction C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sub> and its critical current density J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> in the range 0.1-2 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using the Fiske mode resonance method. Our measured C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sub> values using SQUID resonance and Josephson plasma resonance are compared with the results obtained by other groups via analyzing the major errors in the C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sub> calculation. We discuss the accuracy in evaluating C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sub> for all three techniques and suggest using Fiske mode resonance as a relatively stable method for C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sub> extraction for the future design of our single-flux quantum circuit.
Silica Coated Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been coated with silica by the addition of a silica/H2SiF6 solution to a surfactant-stabilized solution of SWNTs. The thickness of the coating is controlled by reaction time, while the coating of individual SWNTs versus small ropes is controlled by the choice of surfactant. Individual nanotubes encased by a silica coating show retention of the characteristic Raman fluorescence. Selective etching of the silica coating allows for the exposure of either one end of the tubes or the central section. Exposure of the ends results in the formation of spontaneous interconnects between isolated SWNTs.