gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New methodology for the identification of road surface anomalies (2014)

This article show a methodology for the identification of road anomalies through the coupled measurements of vertical acceleration and sound pressure levels. The innovative solution of this methodology lays in the possibility to evaluate road anomalies by using the time derivative of acceleration and sound pressure. Furthermore, this methodology has been developed and validated using a commercially available instrumentation possessed by most drivers, such as, smartphones and tablets. The current smartphone devices, in fact, are equipped with GPS, gyroscope and microphone that allow to simultaneously record data relating to geolocation, acceleration and sound pressure. The widespread distribution of this equipment could allow local administration to acquire a large number of surveys carried out by normal drivers and build a large Data Base on road anomalies representative of a whole network of infrastructures with a very small cost. Finally, the application of the methodology overturns current monitoring policies of road infrastructure that can be carried out only by the management staff by crowdsourcing the DB system with continuous real time updates brought by normal road users.
DNA Microstructure Based on Self-Assembly of 4-Sticky-End Holiday Junctions in Aqueous Solution (2007)

Liverwort-like DNA microscale structures consist of 4-sticky-end Holiday junctions as DNA bricks that can be used in nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology to direct the self-assembly of nanomachines as well as DNA assembly. Previously it has not been possible to obtain such DNA microscale structural forms, but herein we report construction of a mesh-like material made up of 4 strands of 40-base DNA. Advanced bioimaging techniques such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), laser scanning microscopy (LSM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) help us as ultrasensitive detection tools for examing structures in solutions. Combinations of these techniques allow us to survey various chemical conditions of materials and solutions.
Transabdominal Amnioinfusion Treatment of Severe Oligohydramnios in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes at Less than 26 Gestational Weeks (2003)

Our data suggest that amnioinfusion seems to be a low fetal and maternal risk technique that modifies the natural history of pPROM, improving fetal intrauterine stay and survival.
Comparative study on efficacy of three sperm-separation techniques. (2000)

The real-time sperm separation technique is the most effective method so far available in isolating high-quality sperm samples to be used in assisted reproduction.
Preliminary results on chemical changes in groundwater samples due to sampling devices (1985)

The findings of the studies on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) have suggested that the enzyme inactivation provides significant protection against systemic or tissue inflammation in animal models. It has also shown that the single-nucleotide polymorphism (Val762Ala) of the PARP-1 causes about 40% decrease of enzyme activity. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of the PARP-1 Val762Ala polymorphism in Turkish patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A total of 128 RA patients and 165 normal controls from the same geographic region were studied and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based restriction analysis was used to identify Val762Ala polymorphism of the PARP-1. Association analyses were performed using chi (2) tests. Our results indicated that the distribution of the PARP-1 genotypes and alleles did not differ significantly among subjects with or without RA (P > 0.05). The results of the study indicate that, for our Turkish sample, the V762A polymorphism of the PARP-1 may not be involved in susceptibility to RA, implying that the polymorphism may not function as a candidate gene marker for screening RA patients.
Thermal Switchability of N-Chelating Hoveyda-type Catalyst Containing a Secondary Amine Ligand (2011)

An investigation of aza analogues of the popular Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst containing a secondary amine ligand is presented, proving the crucial impact of steric as well as electronic factors on the catalyst’s stability and performance. The issue of latency in the reactivity profile of studied catalysts is examined, followed by structural and application studies.
Necroptosis (2014)

Cell death is regulated by a variety of mechanisms. This review focuses on one of the more recently identified forms of programmed cell death, necroptosis, and its role in normal and disease states. This pathway provides new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Identification of Peptide Inhibitors of Enveloped Viruses Using Support Vector Machine (2015)

The peptides derived from envelope proteins have been shown to inhibit the protein-protein interactions in the virus membrane fusion process and thus have a great potential to be developed into effective antiviral therapies. There are three types of envelope proteins each exhibiting distinct structure folds. Although the exact fusion mechanism remains elusive, it was suggested that the three classes of viral fusion proteins share a similar mechanism of membrane fusion. The common mechanism of action makes it possible to correlate the properties of self-derived peptide inhibitors with their activities. Here we developed a support vector machine model using sequence-based statistical scores of self-derived peptide inhibitors as input features to correlate with their activities. The model displayed 92% prediction accuracy with the Matthew's correlation coefficient of 0.84, obviously superior to those using physicochemical properties and amino acid decomposition as input. The predictive support vector machine model for self- derived peptides of envelope proteins would be useful in development of antiviral peptide inhibitors targeting the virus fusion process.
Saturation and specificity of the Lon protease of Escherichia coli (1990)

Lon is an ATP-dependent protease of Escherichia coli. The lon mutation has a pleiotropic phenotype: UV sensitivity, mucoidy, deficiency for lysogenization by bacteriophage lambda and P1, and lower efficiency in the degradation of abnormal proteins. All of these phenotypes are correlated with the loss of protease activity. Here we examine the effects of overproduction of one Lon substrate, SulA, and show that it protects two other substrates from degradation. To better understand this protection, we mutagenized the sulA gene and selected for mutants that have partially or totally lost their ability to saturate the Lon protease and thus can no longer protect another substrate. Some of the SulA mutants lost their ability to protect RcsA from degradation but could still protect the O thermosensitive mutant protein (Ots). All of the mutants retained their capacity to induce cell division inhibition. It was also found that deletion of the C-terminal end of SulA affected its activity but did not affect its susceptibility to Lon. We propose that Lon may have more than one specificity for peptide cleavage.
Determination of Volatile Compounds in Different Hop Varieties by Headspace-Trap GC/MS—In Comparison with Conventional Hop Essential Oil Analysis (2012)

A headspace (HS)-trap method in combination with gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) was developed for the determination of volatile constituents in hops. The highly sensitive HS-trap system reduces the detection limit by using up to four trap enrichment cycles. Seventy hop samples of different varieties and cultivation regions, from the 2008 harvest, were examined using the HS-trap-GC-MS method and the established "European Brewery Convention" (EBC) method for hop essential oil analysis. Twenty-one different volatiles were quantified for each hop sample. For all compounds, except caryophyllene oxide, a strong correlation was found between the results of the HS-trap method and the EBC method. Experiments have revealed that the EBC method using steam distillation is not appropriate for thermolabile compounds, such as caryophyllene oxide, due to decomposition during boiling. The HS-trap method is fast and sensitive, requires small sample amounts and minimal sample preparation, and is easy to apply.
Nicotine reversal effects of the benzoflavone moiety from Passiflora incarnata Linneaus in mice (2002)

A benzoflavone moiety (BZF) has recently been reported to be liable for many of the biological effects of the plant Passiflora incarnata Linneaus. In light of various reports mentioning the usefulness of P. incarnata in tobacco addiction, studies have been performed using four doses (1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) of the bioactive BZF moiety isolated from the aerial parts of P. incarnata. In a 7-day experimental regimen, mice (n = 5) were given nicotine hydrogen tartrate (2 mg/kg), and combinations of nicotine with four doses of BZF (NnP-1, NnP-5, NnP-10 and NnP-20) q.i.d. by the s.c. route. At the end of the 7 days of treatment, naloxone was given to the mice from all groups to induce a nicotine withdrawal syndrome. The mice that had been treated with 10 and 20 mg/kg dose of BZF concurrently with nicotine showed a significantly fewer number of withdrawal jumps relative to the group treated with nicotine alone (Nn group). Separately, in a 14-day treatment regimen, mice (n = 10; for the N group, n = 12) were administered nicotine (2 mg/kg) and combinations of nicotine with four doses of BZF (NP-1, NP-5, NP-10, NP-20 groups) q.i.d. by the s.c. route. Spontaneous physical and behavioural signs of nicotine dependence were observed 3 hours after cessation of treatments on the 14th day. Mice administered with combinations of nicotine and 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg doses of BZF (i.e. NP-5, NP10 and NP-20 groups), exhibited less intensity and severity of withdrawal effects compared to the mice treated with nicotine alone. Those mice treated with the two highest doses of BZF,in combination with nicotine (NP-10 and NP-20), showed significantly fewer nicotine-abstinence withdrawal jumps and normal ambulatory behaviour. BZF treatment prevented weight loss and resulted in normal performance in the swimming endurance test, which may be a measure of stress and/or depression. Similarly, acute administration of a single 20 mg/kg dose of BZF prevented some of the nicotine-withdrawal effects; lower doses were almost inert. These studies, although preliminary, suggest that the BZF may have value in treating nicotine addiction.
The 2′-5′ Oligoadenylate/RNase L/RNase L Inhibitor Pathway Regulates Both MyoD mRNA Stability and Muscle Cell Differentiation (2000)

The 2'-5' oligoadenylate (2-5A)/RNase L pathway is one of the enzymatic pathways induced by interferon. RNase L is a latent endoribonuclease which is activated by 2-5A and inhibited by a specific protein known as RLI (RNase L inhibitor). This system has an important role in regulating viral infection. Additionally, variations in RNase L activity have been observed during cell growth and differentiation but the significance of the 2-5A/RNase L/RLI pathway in these latter processes is not known. To determine the roles of RNase L and RLI in muscle differentiation, C2 mouse myoblasts were transfected with sense and antisense RLI cDNA constructs. Importantly, the overexpression of RLI in C2 cells was associated with diminished RNase L activity, an increased level of MyoD mRNA, and accelerated kinetics of muscle differentiation. Inversely, transfection of the RLI antisense construct was associated with increased RNase L activity, a diminished level of MyoD mRNA, and delayed differentiation. In agreement with these data, MyoD mRNA levels were also decreased in C2 cells transfected with an inducible RNase L construct. The effect of RNase L activity on MyoD mRNA levels was relatively specific because expression of several other mRNAs was not altered in C2 transfectants. Therefore, RNase L is directly involved in myoblast differentiation, probably through its role in regulating MyoD stability. This is the first identification of a potential mRNA target for RNase L.
When robots learn to dance (2008)

The author describes the role of robotics competitions in encouraging young people to study science and technology.
Effect of <i>cis</i> -Platinum(II)Diamminodichloride on Wild Type and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Repair-Deficient Mutants of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1973)

The anti-tumor drug cis-platinum(II)diamminodichloride (PDD) induced extensive filamentation in wild-type Escherichia coli and in mutants lacking certain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair functions (uvrA, recB, recC, and polA); viability of repair-deficient mutants treated with PDD was significantly less than that of wild-type cells. PDD was highly toxic to lex1, lex1 uvrA6 (where its effect was cummulative), and recA13 mutants, all of which were killed without formation of filaments. (3)H-thymine incorporated into DNA of cells subsequently treated with PDD became trichloroacetic acid-soluble at rates similar to those observed after exposure to comparable doses of ultraviolet light (UV) or mitomycin C. PDD, like UV, induced extensive degradation of DNA in recA organisms. After a 30-min lag, PDD inhibited significantly the synthesis of DNA but not of ribonucleic acid or protein in E. coli. However, the relative differences between rates of DNA synthesis observed in PDD-treated and control cells decreased substantially when the duration of pulses ((3)H-thymine) was prolonged from 2 to 5 min. These observations suggest that PDD-induced damage to DNA is reversible, possibly by defined mechanisms of excision and recombination repair.
Parametric difference frequency generation in a three-dimensional LiNbO3 optical waveguide (1980)

Difference frequency generation in a three-dimensional LiNbO3 optical waveguide is experimentally shown using a cw Rhodamine 6G dye laser and a Nd:YAG laser at 1.318 μm. The generated difference frequency wavelength was tuned from 1.035 to 1.19 μm. The output power of the difference frequency wave was 2.4 μW at 1.035 μm, with a pumping dye laser power and an idler Nd:YAG laser power of 70 and 1.7 mW, respectively.
The imperative for metrics in training. (2011)

A twenty-first century model for the training and assessment of cardiac interventionists’ skills, outlined by Prof. John Morgan FRCP FESC.
Image extraction by wide angle foveated lens for overt-attention (2006)

This paper defines wide angle foveated (WAF) imaging. A proposed model combines Cartesian coordinate system, a log-polar coordinate system, and a unique camera model composed of planar projection and spherical projection for all-purpose use of a single imaging device. The central field-of-view (FOV) and intermediate FOV are given translation-invariance and, rotation and scale-invariance for pattern recognition, respectively. Further, the peripheral FOV is more useful for camera's view direction control, because its image height is linear to an incident angle to the camera model's optical center point. Thus, this imaging model improves its usability especially when a camera is dynamically moved, that is, overt-attention. Moreover, simulation results of image extraction show advantages of the proposed model, in view of its magnification factor of the central FOV, accuracy of scale-invariance and flexibility to describe other WAF vision sensors
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)-Erinacine B (2006)

The first enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-erinacine B has been achieved. Our approach features convergent construction of the 5-6-7 tricyclic cyathane core system via chiral building blocks prepared using asymmetric catalysis developed by us and highly stereoselective construction of all stereogenic centers in the aglycon. [reaction: see text].
[A tablet of Tripterygium wilfordii in treating lupus erythematosus]. (1989)

Twenty-three cases of lupus erythematosus, including 15 cases of SLE and 8 cases of DLE treated with Tripterygium wilfordii (TW, three tablets thrice a day, each tablet contains 5 gm of crude TW) were reported. As controls, 19 cases of SLE were treated with prednisone alone at the same time. 9/15 cases in the former group and 6/19 in the latter got improvement after treatment. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P greater than 0.10). However, TW had beneficial effects to remission of arthralgia (7/10 in the former group and 7/15 in the latter group) and erythematosus rash (6/8 in the former group and 5/12 in the latter). Clinically, four out of eight cases of DLE improved after treatment with TW. TW had some toxic effects, such as decrease of peripheral blood leukocyte and kidney damage. Since the toxic dose and effective dose could be quite close, special attention should be paid when the drug was being used, especially on those patients with nephropathy. So the authors suggested that the indication of TW could include the patients of DLE and SLE without nephropathy.
Establishment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Translational evasion of oxidative defence (2014)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes a clinically important disease affecting 3% of the world population. HCV is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the genus Hepacivirus within the Flaviviridae family. The virus establishes a chronic infection in the face of an active host oxidative defence, thus adaptation to oxidative stress is key to virus survival. Being a small RNA virus with a limited genomic capacity, we speculate that HCV deploys a different strategy to evade host oxidative defence. Instead of counteracting oxidative stress, it utilizes oxidative stress to facilitate its own survival. Translation is the first step in the replication of a plus strand RNA virus so it would make sense if the virus can exploit the host oxidative defence in facilitating this very first step. This is particularly true when HCV utilizes an internal ribosome entry site element in translation, which is distinctive from that of cap-dependent translation of the vast majority of cellular genes, thus allowing selective translation of genes under conditions when global protein synthesis is compromised. Indeed, we were the first to show that HCV translation was stimulated by an important pro-oxidant-hydrogen peroxide in hepatocytes, suggesting that HCV is able to adapt to and utilize the host anti-viral response to facilitate its own translation thus allowing the virus to thrive under oxidative stress condition to establish chronicity. Understanding how HCV translation is regulated under oxidative stress condition will advance our knowledge on how HCV establishes chronicity. As chronicity is the initiator step in disease progression this will eventually lead to a better understanding of pathogenicity, which is particularly relevant to the development of anti-virals and improved treatments of HCV patients using anti-oxidants.
A Short and Formal Synthesis of California Red Scale Pheromone (1990)

Abstract A short and efficient synthesis of 3-iso-propenyl-hept-6-en-1-al, an intermediate of California red scale pheromone, has been described. Claisen orthoester rearrangement has been employed as a key step in the scheme.
Evaluation of Recovery of Aquatic Plants Used in Wastewater Treatment and Discharged as Waste (2017)

In this study, the evaluation of the recovery of aquatic plants used in wastewater treatment and discharged as waste is discussed. There are studies in the literature about the removal of pollutants from wastewaters by using different treatment methods in wastewater treatment. Many treatment methods are used in wastewater treatment as biological processes, chemical treatment, membrane systems and so on. However, such treatment methods are not preferred because of high energy costs and high operating costs, which cannot be applied to all kinds of water bodies. Therefore, natural treatment systems, which do not require much human power, can be applied to almost any kind of water mass with low operating costs and energy costs, can be used for the disposal of pollutants. In natural treatment systems, treatment with aquatic plants is generally used. Because, treatment with aquatic plants are quite economical when compared with other advanced treatment methods. Harvested plants can be evaluated in biogas production and bioethanol production as an alternative fuel. In addition, harvested aquatic plants can be used in biopetrol and biochar production by subjecting to pyrolysis treatment, thus recovering of the discharged wastes can be ensured.
Axenic Cultivation of <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> (1961)

Entamoeba histolytica (National Institutes of Health strain 200) has been maintained in axenic culture through 50 transfers over a period of 6 months. The medium used is diphasic and contains a cell-free extract of chick embryo which is essential for growth. Inocula of 50,000 amoebas yield 150,000 to 200,000 organisms in 72 hours of incubation at 35 degrees C. An extract prepared from boiled embryos supports growth equally well.
Investigation of Xylose Reversion Reactions That Can Occur during Dilute Acid Pretreatment (2013)

Xylose reversion reactions to form xylooligomers represent a potentially important mechanism of sugar loss during dilute acid pretreatment of biomass. We have conducted a study to identify the products that result from these reactions and to determine the kinetics of their formation. A major obstacle is that there are few commercial standards available for xylose disaccharides, which are essential for the identification and quantification of the xylose reversion products formed during these reactions. To overcome this obstacle, we have used GC/MS and NMR analysis of xylose disaccharides isolated by preparative HPLC to identify the reaction products. At the xylose concentration we used (300 g L–1), only xylose disaccharides were observed. As with glucose reversion reactions [Pilath, H. M.; et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58, 6131], the disaccharides contained linkages that involved the anomeric carbon atom of one of the sugar monomers. Eight out of the nine possible disaccharides, including alpha and beta anomers, were observed. Whereas the GC/MS allowed for the identification of the linkages, NMR was needed to distinguish between the α and β isomers of the disaccharides. The kinetics of combined xylose disaccharide formation was measured using HPLC. Arrhenius parameters for the rates of disaccharide formation were calculated by fitting the data to a simple model.
Efficient, inducible Cre‐recombinase activation in vascular endothelium (2008)

In recent years, gene-targeting studies in mice have elucidated many molecular mechanisms in vascular biology. However, it has been difficult to apply this approach to the study of postnatal animals because mutations affecting the vasculature are often embryonically lethal. We have therefore generated transgenic mice that express a tamoxifen-inducible form of Cre recombinase (iCreER(T2)) in vascular endothelial cells using a phage artificial chromosome (PAC) containing the Pdgfb gene (Pdgfb-iCreER mice). This allows the genetic targeting of the vascular endothelium in postnatal animals. We tested efficiency of tamoxifen-induced iCre recombinase activity with ROSA26-lacZ reporter mice and found that in newborn animals recombination could be achieved in most capillary and small vessel endothelial cells in most organs including the central nervous system. In adult animals, recombination activity was also widespread in capillary beds of skeletal muscle, heart, skin, and gut but not in the central nervous system where only a subpopulation of endothelial cells was labeled. We also tested recombination efficiency in a subcutaneous tumor model and found recombination activity in all detectable tumor blood vessels. Thus, Pdgfb-iCreER mice are a valuable research tool to manipulate endothelial cells in postnatal mice and study tumor angiogenesis.