gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and optical characterization of pure Si-rich nitride thin films (2013)

The specific dependence of the Si content on the structural and optical properties of O- and H-free Si-rich nitride (SiNx>1.33) thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering is investigated. A semiempirical relation between the composition and the refractive index was found. In the absence of Si-H, N-H, and Si-O vibration modes in the FTIR spectra, the transverse and longitudinal optical (TO-LO) Si-N stretching pair modes could be unambiguously identified using the Berreman effect. With increasing Si content, the LO and the TO bands shifted to lower wavenumbers, and the LO band intensity dropped suggesting that the films became more disordered. Besides, the LO and the TO bands shifted to higher wavenumbers with increasing annealing temperature which may result from the phase separation between Si nanoparticles (Si-np) and the host medium. Indeed, XRD and Raman measurements showed that crystalline Si-np formed upon 1100°C annealing but only for SiNx<0.8. Besides, quantum confinement effects on the Raman peaks of crystalline Si-np, which were observed by HRTEM, were evidenced for Si-np average sizes between 3 and 6 nm. A contrario, visible photoluminescence (PL) was only observed for SiNx>0.9, demonstrating that this PL is not originating from confined states in crystalline Si-np. As an additional proof, the PL was quenched while crystalline Si-np could be formed by laser annealing. Besides, the PL cannot be explained neither by defect states in the bandgap nor by tail to tail recombination. The PL properties of SiNx>0.9 could be then due to a size effect of Si-np but having an amorphous phase.
Changes in secondary metabolism and deposition of an unusual lignin in the <i>ref8</i> mutant of Arabidopsis (2002)

The end products of the phenylpropanoid pathway play important roles in plant structure and development, as well as in plant defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses. From a human perspective, phenylpropanoid pathway-derived metabolites influence both human health and the potential utility of plants in agricultural contexts. The last known enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway that has not been characterized is p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H). By screening for plants that fail to accumulate soluble fluorescent phenylpropanoid secondary metabolites, we have identified a number of Arabidopsis mutants that display a reduced epidermal fluorescence (ref) phenotype. We have now shown that the ref8 mutant is defective in the gene encoding C3H. Phenotypic characterization of the ref8 mutant has revealed that the lack of C3H activity in the mutant leads to diverse changes in phenylpropanoid metabolism. The ref8 mutant accumulates p-coumarate esters in place of the sinapoylmalate found in wild-type plants. The mutant also deposits a lignin formed primarily from p-coumaryl alcohol, a monomer that is at best a minor component in the lignin of other plants. Finally, the mutant displays developmental defects and is subject to fungal attack, suggesting that phenylpropanoid pathway products downstream of REF8 may be required for normal plant development and disease resistance.
A predictable high-throughput file system for video conference recording (2002)

In this paper, the design and implementation of a video conference recorder on an inexpensive PC is described. The recorder can simultaneously record several video and audio (A/V) streams in Unix file format. The objectives of the file system design are high throughput and low loss rate. A hard disk device driver and a file system are modified and tuned for A/V recording. The new file system can have up to 60% performance improvement over the traditional file system. Performance results from our experiments are presented and discussed in the paper.
Towards Enhancing Web Application Security Using Trusted Execution (2013)

Abstract. The web continues to serve as a powerful medium through which various services and resources can be exposed or consumed through web applications. Web application platforms such as webinos facilitate communication between the various smart devices in a personal network. Although modern web applications use various cryptographic techniques for authentication and encryption, the security of these techniques is directly linked to the security of the private (secret) keys. Although various techniques exist to protect these keys, we argue that the use of secure hardware can provide stronger security guarantees. In particular, we describe our work-in-progress experiments towards using functionality provided by a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) in web applications. These experiments include an implementation of the webinos platform integrated with ARM TrustZone technology. Our preliminary results are promising in terms of both the feasibility of implementing this architecture and the performance of the system.
Corrosion inhibition of aluminum in lithium imide electrolyte by lithium borate addition (2014)

본 논문은 imde 염 중 하나인 LiFSI를 알루미늄 부식 없이 활용할 수 있는 방안에 대해 다룬다. LiFSI는 가장 많이 쓰이는 염인 LiPF6에 비해 열적 안정성이 매우 우수하다. 뿐만 아니라, 다른 열적 안정성이 우수한 Li 염들의 경우 LiPF6보다 이온 전도도가 낮기 때문에 다방면으로 활용되지 못한 반면, LiFSI 염은 LiPF6보다도 더 높은 이온 전도도를 보여주고 있다. 이러한 장점들에도 불구하고, LiFSI는 LiPF6와 달리 심각한 부식 문제를 겪고 있어 제대로 사용되지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 우선적으로 대표격 imide 염인 LiFSI와 LiTFSI를 사용한 전해액에서의 부식 특성이 어떠한지 파악 하였고, LiFSI의 부식 억제를 위해 전해액에 다양한 종류의 Li 염들을 첨가하였다. 그러나, Na2HPO4, LiF, Li2WO4, Li2MoO4, TMSB, TMSPa, TMSPi 첨가제를 넣은 경우에는 알루미늄 부식 억제의 효과를 보지 못하였다. 다음으로 borate 계열 염들을 첨가제로 사용하여 실험을 진행하였고, 그 결과 LiBF4, LiBOB, LiDFOB는 우수한 알루미늄 부식 억제 효과를 보였다. 특이하게도 LiDFPB를 첨가한 경우에는 알루미늄의 부식이 더 가속화 되는 것을 발견했다. 상기한 borate 염들 중 LiDFOB가 첨가된 0.8 M LiFSI + 0.2 M LiDFOB EC/DEC (3/7, v/v) 전해액에서는 부식 문제가 없기로 알려진 LiPF6 염에서의 부식 특성과 견줄 만한 성능을 보였으며, 0.8 M LiFSI + 0.2 M LiDFOB EC/DMC (3/7, v/v) 전해액에서도 또한 부식이 상당히 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 부식 문제에서 더 나아가, LiDFOB를 0.2 M 첨가한 0.8 M LiFSI 염 전해액의 이온전도도 역시 조사한 결과, 0.8 M LiFSI + 0.2 M LiDFOB EC/DEC (3/7, v/v) 전해액의 경우 LiPF6의 이온 전도도 값을 상회하는 것을 확인하였고, 같은 염 조성비에 EC/DMC (3/7, v/v) 용매에서는 LiPF6와 거의 동등한 이온 전도도 값을 보였다. 한편, 알루미늄 부식이 나타나지 않는 0.8 M LiFSI + 0.2 M LiDFOB EC/DEC (3/7, v/v) 전해액의 경우 LMO 및 LNMO에서 망간 용출이 발생하였다. 0.8 M LiFSI + 0.2 M LiDFOB EC/DMC (3/7, v/v)에서는 망간 용출 문제가 없는 것으로 보였으나, 고온 보존 기간이 길어지게 되면 망간 용출이 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. ⓒ 2014 DGIST
Shading and Shadowing with Linear Light Sources (2013)

In virtually all rendering systems, linear light sources are modeled with a series of point light sources that require considerable computing resources to produce realistic looking results. A general solution for shading surfaces illuminated by a linear light source is proposed. A formulation allowing for faster computation of the di use component of light re ection is derived. By assuming Phong&apos;s specular component, simple, inexpensive and convincing results are produced with the use of a Chebyshev approximation. A shadowing algorithm is also presented. As shadowing from linear light sources is expensive, two acceleration schemes, extended from ray tracing, are evaluated. 1
On parameter settings of network keep-alive protocol for failure detection (2009)

The keep-alive protocol (or Hello protocol) relying on exchanging periodical keep-alive or Hello messages is often used by many network protocols to detect link, node or other network-related failures. The effectiveness of the Hello protocol depends on the proper setting of its two parameters. Most existing work on the study of the parameter settings was related to a specific environment in connection with a specific network protocol. Independently of any given associated network protocol, this paper studies the impact of network overload, especially the message loss probability, on the choice of these two parameters through both analysis and simulations. The studies show that in lightly-loaded networks with small message transmission loss probability both parameters of the Hello protocol can be set to small values and we can get a fast failure detection time and small number of false alarms. However, in heavily-loaded networks with large message transmission loss probability, the Hello protocol is not effective at all for any parameter values. In normal situations, adaptive changes of the parameters of the Hello protocol are useful.
Glycoprotein gp110 of Epstein–Barr virus determines viral tropism and efficiency of infection (2002)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome has been detected in lymphomas and in tumors of epithelial or mesenchymal origin such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma or leiomyosarcoma. Thus, there is little doubt that EBV can infect cells of numerous lineages in vivo, in contrast to its in vitro infectious spectrum, which appears restricted predominantly to B lymphocytes. We show here that the EBV BALF4 gene product, the glycoprotein gp110, dramatically enhances the ability of EBV to infect human cells. gp110(high) viruses were up to 100 times more efficient than their gp110(low) counterparts in infecting lymphoid or epithelial cells. In addition, gp110(high) viruses infected the carcinoma cell line HeLa and the T cell lymphoma cell line Molt-4, both previously thought to be refractory to EBV infection. Analysis of several virus isolates showed that the amount of BALF4 present within mature virions markedly differed among these strains. In some strains, gp110 was found expressed during lytic replication not only at the nuclear but also at the cellular membrane. Heterologous expression of gp110 during the virus lytic phase neither altered virus concentration nor affected virus binding to cells. It appears that gp110 plays a crucial role after the virus has adhered to its cellular target. gp110 constitutes an important virulence factor that determines infection of non-B cells by EBV. Therefore, the use of gp110(high) viruses will help to determine the range of the target cells of EBV beyond B lymphocytes and provide a useful in vitro model to assess the oncogenic potential of EBV in these cells.
Initiation of insulin glargine in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (2004)

This retrospective study suggests that glargine is at least as effective as other long-acting insulins but that care must be taken during the conversion process to avoid hypoglycemia.
The Balance between Life and Death: Defining a Role for Apoptosis in Aging (2012)

Aging is associated with a progressive deterioration of tissues and organs. Although many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the aging process, the exact mechanisms involved are not well defined. One characteristic common to aging tissues is cell loss and alterations in cell death signaling cascades could lead to cell loss and underlie a number of age-related organ-specific cellular degenerations. This review focuses on apoptosis and discusses how dysregulation of the apoptotic signaling cascade may be involved in aging and age-related pathologies. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a process that begins during development and continues throughout adulthood. There is evidence that advanced age is associated with dysregulation of apoptosis. We discuss studies that show age-related changes in the proteins that regulate apoptosis and demonstrate that aging enhances apoptosis and increases the susceptibility of several different cell types to apoptosis. Alterations in apoptotic signaling may help to explain the age- associated decrease in immunity and cardiac function in the elderly, as well as the increases in neurodegenerative diseases in aging humans.
Experimental Analysis of Self-injury With and Without Protective Equipment (1998)

Outcomes of experimental analyses during which protective equipment (PE) was placed on three participants were compared to those during which PE was not provided to them. Experimental analysis conditions were presented using a multielement format, and the effects of PE were evaluated using a withdrawal design. Results of experimental analysis without PE suggested that self-injurious behavior (SIB) was maintained by negative reinforcement for two participants and nonsocial mechanisms for the third participant. However, SIB was eliminated either immediately or eventually for all participants when PE was provided during experimental analysis. Thus, outcomes of assessments with PE did not match those without PE, and no conclusion about variables associated with SIB could be drawn from experimental analyses with PE alone. Therefore, the present findings do not support the use of PE as an alternative to standard methods for conducting experimental analysis (i.e., without PE).
Optimized chemical mechanism for combustion of gasoline surrogate fuels (2015)

Since real petroleum fuels are composed of a huge variety of hydrocarbon components, surrogate mixtures of various hydrocarbon fuels are typically employed in computational research and in engine development to represent transportation fuels. In this study, a reduced combustion mechanism of Primary Reference Fuel (PRF) mixtures (n-heptane and iso-octane) is integrated into the published kinetic model (Narayanaswamy et al., 2010), allowing for the formulation of multi-component surrogate fuels (e.g. PRF/toluene) and for the prediction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in gasoline engines. In order to optimize the model performance, a recently developed optimization technique based on rate rules (Cai and Pitsch, 2014) is extended in this study. The goal is to calibrate automatically the multi-component kinetic mechanism, which also leads to a chemically consistent PRF mechanism and a computational advantage for the calibration process. In addition, this work contributes to the development of general rate rules for various hydrocarbon fuels. An ethanol model is also incorporated into the proposed mechanism. This facilitates the prediction of gasoline/ethanol blend combustion. The resulting mechanism retains a compact size and is successfully validated against experimental measurements.
Cover Picture: Efficient Catalytic Decomposition of Formic Acid for the Selective Generation of H<sub>2</sub> and H/D Exchange with a Water‐Soluble Rhodium Complex in Aqueous Solution (ChemSusChem 10/2008) (2008)

The cover picture shows a scheme for the efficient rhodium-catalyzed evolution of H2 or D2 from formic acid (HCOOH), a substance produced naturally by ants. The use of hydrogen as an environmentally benign secondary energy resource has attracted much attention, however, high-density storage and safe transportation of gaseous hydrogen remain problematic. An approach that can contribute also to cut carbon dioxide emissions is the use of CO2 as hydrogen carrier to produce formic acid, a water-soluble liquid which is easy to store and carry. In their Full Paper on page 827 ff., S. Fukuzumi et al. describe how HCOOH is efficiently and selectively decomposed to produce H2 and CO2 in 1:1 ratio without the formation of CO in aqueous solution at 298 K catalyzed by the water-soluble rhodium aqua complex [RhIII(Cp*)(bpy)(H2O)]SO4. H2 evolution occurs by formation of the hydride complex (RhH), which undergoes efficient H/D exchange with deuteron in D2O to form the deuteride complex (RhD) in competition with the reaction with deuteron to yield D2 and HD.
User-generated metadata in audio-visual collections (2012)

In recent years, crowdsourcing has gained attention as an alternative method for collecting video annotations. An example is the internet video labeling game Waisda? launched by the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision. The goal of this PhD research is to investigate the value of the user tags collected with this video labeling game. To this end, we address the following four issues. First, we perform a comparative analysis between user-generated tags and professional annotations in terms of what aspects of videos they describe. Second, we measure how well user tags are suited for fragment retrieval and compare it with fragment search based on other sources like transcripts and professional annotations. Third, as previous research suggested that user tags predominately refer to objects and rarely describe scenes, we will study whether user tags can be successfully exploited to generate scene-level descriptions. Finally, we investigate how tag quality can be characterized and potential methods to improve it.
Epitope diversity of angiotensin II analysed with monoclonal antibodies. (1986)

The antigenic heterogeneity of angiotensin II (AII) was studied with monoclonal antibodies. Twelve antibodies were produced and characterized. Association constants for AII varied from 1.2 X 10(8) to 1.1 X 10(10) M-1. The fine specificity of the Mab was studied by immunoenzymoassay using solid-phase AII. Using AII analogues in binding inhibition experiments, three groups of specificity could be characterized: (1) five antibodies reacted only with peptides in which phenylalanine is the carboxy terminal aminoacid; for two of these antibodies, tyrosine4 is closely associated with the binding site, since iodine labelling suppresses reactivity; (2) two antibodies also required phenylalanine in position 8, but, in addition, reacted with AI, a decapeptide in which phenylalanine is not terminal; (3) five antibodies reacted with analogues in which phenylalanine had been substituted for another amino acid. In addition, studies in which binding of a biotinylated Mab to solid-phase AII was analysed in the presence of various unlabelled Mab suggest further antigenic heterogeneity of AII.
The axonally secreted protein axonin-1 is a potent substratum for neurite growth. (1991)

Axonin-1 is a neuronal glycoprotein occurring both as a membrane-bound and a secreted form. Membrane-bound axonin-1 is predominantly located in membranes of developing nerve fiber tracts and has recently been characterized as a cell adhesion molecule; the soluble form is secreted from axons and accumulates in the cerebrospinal fluid and the vitreous fluid of the eye. In the present study, we addressed the question as to whether secreted axonin-1 was released in a functionally competent form and we found that it strongly promotes neurite outgrowth when presented to neurons as an immobilized substratum. Neurite lengths elaborated by embryonic dorsal root ganglia neurons on axonin-1 were similar to those on the established neurite-promoting substrata L1 and laminin. Fab fragments of axonin-1 antibodies completely inhibited neurite growth on axonin-1, but not on other substrata. In soluble form, axonin-1 had an anti-adhesive effect, as revealed by perturbation of neurite fasciculation. In view of their structural similarity, we conclude that secreted and membrane-bound axonin-1 interact with the same growth-promoting neuritic receptor. The fact that secreted axonin-1 is functionally active, together with our previous findings that it is secreted from an internal cellular pool, suggests a functional dualism between membrane-bound and secreted axonin-1 at the site of secretion, which is most likely the growth cone. The secretion of adhesion molecules could represent a powerful and rapidly acting regulatory element of growth cone-neurite interactions in the control of neurite elongation, pathway selection, and possibly target recognition.
System analysis of the ion-ring-compressor approach to fusion (1975)

An overall systems analysis of a fusion reactor scheme based on strong rings of high-energy ions generate d by adiabatic compression of low-energy rings is presented. Consideration of the reactor aspects of such a system reveals the potential for a number of technologically and economically interesting features; in particular, those associated with the expected high-β confinement characteristics of such minimum-B configurations. Although insufficient knowledge on some of the related physics questions exists, no insurmountable problems regarding th e feasibility of such a scheme can be discerned at this point. A preliminary design study for a N × 300-MW reactor (N being the number of simultaneously employed rings) is presented.
AMINOTHIOL RECEPTORS FOR DECORPORATION OF INTRAVENOUSLY ADMINISTERED 60Co IN THE RAT (2009)

This report provides a comparison of the oral decorporation efficacy of L-glutathione (GSH), L-cysteine (Cys), and a liposomal GSH formulation (ReadiSorb) toward systemic (60)Co to that observed following intravenous administration of GSH and Cys in F344 rats. Aminoacid L-histidine (His) containing no thiol functionality was tested intravenously to compare in vivo efficacy of the aminothiol (GSH, Cys) chelators with that of the aminoimidazole (His) chelator. In these studies, (60)Co was administered to animals by intravenous injection, followed by intravenous or oral gavage doses of a chelator repeated at 24-h intervals for a total of 5 doses. The results suggest that GSH and Cys are potent decorporation agents for (60)Co in the rat model, although the efficacy of treatment depends largely on the systemic availability of the chelator. The intravenous route of administration of GSH or Cys was most effective in reducing tissue (60)Co levels and in increasing excretion of radioactivity compared to control animals. Liposomal encapsulation was found to markedly enhance the oral bioavailability of GSH compared to non-formulated GSH. The oral administration of liposomal GSH reduced (60)Co levels in nearly all tissues by 12-43% compared to that observed for non-formulated GSH. Efficacy of oral Cys was only slightly reduced in comparison with intravenous Cys. Further studies to optimize the dosing regimen in order to maximize decorporation efficiency are warranted.
AlGaInAs/InP double heterostructure lasers grown by low-pressure metal organic vapour-phase epitaxy for emission at 1300 nm (1988)

We report for the first time the growth and fabrication of laser diodes for emission near 1300 nm in the AlGaInAs/InP alloy system by low pressure metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE). Threshold current density was 4.8 kA/cm2 with associated T0 of 88°C in the range 7–60°C.
AUTOMATED LATTICE OPTIMIZATION OF HINGE FITTING WITH DISPLACEMENT CONSTRAINT (2016)

Additive manufacturing enables fabrication of complex lattice cell structures that are not manufacturable using conventional methods. In order to exploit this lattice capability in structural designs, the effect on structural performance must be considered. This paper uses a goose neck door hinge component to illustrate the effects of lattice structure optimization when stiffness criteria drive part design. The effect of intermediate lattice cell density parameters on resulting lattice configurations from automated lattice structure optimization are studied and it is found that the compliance of the model depends upon the range of intermediate density elements present. The paper then compares the effect of a displacement constraint on optimized weight from rib-stiffened and lattice-stiffened shell models. It is shown that optimized weight results from the lattice configuration depend on part stiffness requirements. The results show that lattice structures can be successfully implemented in weight-critical components where relaxation in displacement constraint is acceptable.
Human Metapneumovirus Virus-Like Particles Induce Protective B and T Cell Responses in a Mouse Model (2014)

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infection in infants, children, and the elderly worldwide, yet no licensed vaccines exist. Live-attenuated vaccines present safety challenges, and protein subunit vaccines induce primarily antibody responses. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are an attractive alternative vaccine approach. We generated HMPV VLPs by expressing the viral matrix (M) and fusion (F) proteins in mammalian cells. We found that mice immunized with VLPs mounted an F-specific antibody response and generated CD8(+) T cells recognizing an F protein-derived epitope. VLP immunization induced a neutralizing-antibody response that was enhanced by the addition of either TiterMax Gold or α-galactosylceramide adjuvant. Two doses of VLPs conferred complete protection against HMPV replication in the lungs of mice and were not associated with a Th2-skewed cytokine response. These results suggest that nonreplicating VLPs are a promising vaccine candidate for HMPV.