gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peroxisomal <scp>d</scp> -hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: Resolution of the enzyme defect and its molecular basis in bifunctional protein deficiency (1998)

Peroxisomes play an essential role in a number of different metabolic pathways, including the beta-oxidation of a distinct set of fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives. The importance of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system in humans is made apparent by the existence of a group of inherited diseases in which peroxisomal beta-oxidation is impaired. This includes X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and other disorders with a defined defect. On the other hand, many patients have been described with a defect in peroxisomal beta-oxidation of unknown etiology. Resolution of the defects in these patients requires the elucidation of the enzymatic organization of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system. Importantly, a new peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzyme was recently described called D-bifunctional protein with enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity primarily reacting with alpha-methyl fatty acids like pristanic acid and di- and trihydroxycholestanoic acid. In this patient we describe the first case of D-bifunctional protein deficiency as resolved by enzyme activity measurements and mutation analysis. The mutation found (Gly16Ser) is in the dehydrogenase coding part of the gene in an important loop of the Rossman fold forming the NAD+-binding site. The results show that the newly identified D-bifunctional protein plays an essential role in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway that cannot be compensated for by the L-specific bifunctional protein.
[Influence of selenium-enriched malt on the elevated cGMP concentrations induced by carcinogen]. (1993)

Rats were fed with selenium-enriched malt containing 1 ppm selenium. As a parameter, cyclic guanosine-3'5'-monophosphate (cGMP) was measured by RIA in the rats following treatment with AFB1. The results demonstrated that the diet containing high selenium inhibited the elevation of cGMP levels in the liver induced by multiple exposures to AFB1 (250 micrograms/kg, 10 times/2 wks), (P < 0.05). Administration of a large single dose of AFB1 (1 mg/kg i.p.) reduced the liver cGMP contents which might be due to injury to the liver. Selenium-enriched diet could prevent this from happening. In high cancer risk areas: the cGMP level in urine of population with higher selenium concentration were lower than that of population with low selenium concentration. A supplementation of 300 micrograms selenium in the form of selenium-enriched malt cakes daily to the subjects with low selenium concentration in blood for one year, the urinary cGMP excretion was significantly decreased from 0.62 mumol/g to 0.49 mumol/g creatinine (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that diet containing high selenium has a protective effect and may play a potential role in cancer chemoprevention.
Hierarchically Organized Carbon Nanotube Arrays from Self‐Assembled Block Copolymer Nanotemplates (2008)

Hierarchically organized vertical carbon nanotube arrays are produced by a hybrid approach combining plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition with self-assembled block copolymer nanotemplates. The selective deposition of Fe catalysts through a block copolymer nanotemplate yields ordered catalyst nanoparticles, as depicted in the figure. The growth of nanotubes from the highly uniform catalyst nanoparticles produces hierarchically organized vertical carbon nanotube arrays.
Statistical motion vector analysis for object tracking in compressed video streams (2008)

Compressed video is the digital raw material provided by video-surveillance systems and used for archiving and indexing purposes. Multimedia standards have therefore a direct impact on such systems. If MPEG-2 used to be the coding standard, MPEG-4 (part 2) has now replaced it in most installations, and MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 solutions are now being released. Finely analysing the complex and rich MPEG-4 streams is a challenging issue addressed in that paper. The system we designed is based on five modules: low-resolution decoder, motion estimation generator, object motion filtering, low-resolution object segmentation, and cooperative decision. Our contributions refer to as the statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of the motion vectors, the computation of DCT-based confidence maps, the automatic motion activity detection in the compressed file and a rough indexation by dedicated descriptors. The robustness and accuracy of the system are evaluated on a large corpus (hundreds of hours of in-and outdoor videos with pedestrians and vehicles). The objective benchmarking of the performances is achieved with respect to five metrics allowing to estimate the error part due to each module and for different implementations. This evaluation establishes that our system analyses up to 200 frames (720x288) per second (2.66 GHz CPU).
Handbook of plasma processing technology : fundamentals, etching, deposition, and surface interactions (1991)

This is a comprehensive overview of the technology of plasma-based processing, written by an outstanding group of 29 contributors.
Phosphine-Promoted [3 + 3] Annulations of Aziridines With Allenoates: Facile Entry Into Highly Functionalized Tetrahydropyridines (2009)

The phosphine-mediated [3 + 3] annulations of aziridines and allenes are experimentally simple reactions, run under very mild conditions, for the preparation of highly functionalized tetrahydropyridines in yields of up to 98% and trans/cis ratios of up to 97:3. In addition to steps that are typical of nucleophilic phosphine-catalyzed reactions of allenoates, the mechanism of this new reaction features apparent nucleophilic aromatic substitution and concomitant desulfonylation, processes hitherto unknown during phosphine-promoted cycloaddition reactions. Notably, these reactions are the first reported examples of aziridines as reaction partners in nucleophilic phosphine-catalyzed transformations.
Modelling of Non‐Periodic Aggregates Having a Pile Structure (2013)

Abstract This paper presents a procedure for modelling aggregates such as piles that consist of arbitrary components. The method generates an aggregate of components that need to be accumulated, and an aggregate shape represents the surface of the target aggregate. The number of components and their positions and orientations are controlled by five parameters. The components, the aggregate shape and the parameters are the inputs for the method which involves placement and refinement steps. In the placement step, the orientation and initial position of a component are determined by a non‐periodic placement such that each component overlaps its neighbours. In the refinement step, to construct a pile structure, the position of each component is adjusted by reducing the overlap.
Amplified electron transfer at poly-ethylene-glycol (PEG) grafted electrodes (2015)

"Amplified" electron transfer is observed purely based on electron transfer kinetic effects at modified carbon surfaces. An anodic attachment methodology is employed to modify the surface of glassy carbon or boron doped diamond electrodes with poly-ethylene glycols (PEGs) for polymerisation degrees of n = 4.5 to 9.1 (PEG200 to PEG400). Voltammetry and impedance data for aqueous Fe(CN)6(3-/4-) suggest systematic PEG structure-dependent effects on the standard rate constant for heterogeneous electron transfer as a function of PEG deposition conditions and average polymer chain length. Tunnel distance coefficients are polymerisation degree dependent and estimated for shorter PEG chains, β = 0.17 Å(-1) for aqueous Fe(CN)6(3-/4-), consistent with a diffuse water-PEG interface. In contrast, electron transfer to 1,1'-ferrocene-dimethanol (at 1 mM concentration) appears un-impeded by PEG grafts. Mediated or "amplified" electron transfer to Fe(CN)6(3-/4-) based on the 1,1'-ferrocene-dimethanol redox shuttle is observed for both oxidation and reduction with estimated bimolecular rate constants for homogeneous electron transfer of kforward = 4 × 10(5) mol dm(3) s(-1) and kbackward = 1 × 10(5) mol dm(3) s(-1). Digital simulation analysis suggests an additional resistive component within the PEG graft double layer.
Detection of HIV-1 P24 Gag in Plasma by a Nanoparticle-Based Bio-Barcode-Amplification Method (2008)

The bio-barcode-amplification method was superior to the conventional ELISA assay for the detection of HIV-1 p24 Gag protein in plasma with a breadth of coverage for diverse HIV-1 subtypes. Because the bio-barcode-amplification method does not require enzymatic amplification, this method could be translated into a robust point-of-care test.
Therapeutic Manipulation of Gut Flora (2000)

In developed countries as many as two individuals in every thousand suffer from inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease). In his Perspective, Shanahan discusses a new therapeutic approach to treating these conditions in which bacteria normally found in the gut are engineered to produce the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 and then are fed as probiotics to mice with these disorders (Steidler et al.).
Misplaced Blame: Islam, Terrorism and the Origins of Hawala (2007)

Hawala is an ancient form of money dealing and funds transfer that spans the globe and operates outside the reach of state control.1 In the wake of 9/11, it received much attention as an “underground”, “shadow”, or “black” channel for terrorist funds across the Muslim world. Surprisingly little remains known, however, about the true origins of hawala and why it continues to persist into the present day despite state collapse and efforts to regulate, disrupt, or replace the system.
Performance and lifetime assessment of MPD arc thruster technology (1988)

A summary of performance and lifetime characteristics of pulsed and steady-state magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters is presented. The technical focus is on cargo vehicle propulsion for exploration-class missions to the Moon and Mars. Relatively high MPD thruster efficiencies of 0.43 and 0.69 have been reported at about 5000 s specific impulse using hydrogen and lithium, respectively. Efficiencies of 0.10 to 0.35 in the 1000 to 4500 s specific impulse range have been obtained with other propellants (e.g., Ar, NH3, N2). Thermal efficiency data in excess of 0.80 at MW power levels using pulsed thrusters indicate the potential of high MPD thruster performance. Extended tests of pulsed and steady-state MPD thrusters yield total impulses at least two to three orders of magnitude below that necessary for cargo vehicle propulsion. Performance tests and diagnostics for life-limiting mechanisms of megawatt-class thrusters will require high fidelity test stands which handle in excess of 10 kA and a vacuum facility whose operational pressure is less than 3 x 10 to the -4 torr.
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Intestinal Disease (1998)

Oxidative injury caused by free radicals is an important cause of tissue injury now recognized to occur in inflammation, ischemia and by the action of xenobiotics. It is also recognized to induce gene mutation and promote carcinogenesis. In this review the general concept of nett free radical injury counterbalanced by antioxidants is discussed as oxidative stress. The role of oxidative stress in intestinal ischemia, radiation enteritis, inflammatory bowel disease and the promotion of gastric and colorectal cancer is discussed. The data for the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ischemic, inflammatory and radiation induced disease are strong, but interventional studies with antioxidants have shown only weak beneficial effects in the above diseases. Therefore the role of antioxidants in the therapy of gastrointestinal diseases remains controversial and should be the subject of controlled trials.
On-Line Viscometry in Particulate Processing (1995)

On-line viscometry of suspensions is very difficult compared to viscometry of pure liquids. The problem arises because of the unstable nature of the suspensions, particularly when coarse and fast settling particulates are present. Several attempts have been made in the past in which special mixing chambers have been designed to maintain slurry homogeneity while measuring viscosity. However, the credibility of these instruments are questioned by many authors, as quite often the same systems measure different rheological behavior for similar suspensions. In most of the designs suggested in the past, solving one of the problems of suspension viscometry introduces new problems. For example, agitation can keep the solids suspended, but it can also seriously affect the sensitivity of the viscometer. In this article the problems involved with three different types of viscometers (rotational, capillary, and vibrational) which have been used for measuring viscosity of suspensions, are discussed.
IL-23 Receptor Regulation by Let-7f in Human CD4+ Memory T Cells (2011)

CD4(+) memory T cells include the Th17 cell population, which has been shown to be implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. These memory T cells express higher IL-23R and produce more IL-17 compared with their naive counterparts. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate IL-23R expression in human T cells are not completely understood. MicroRNAs play important roles in a wide range of biological events through posttranscriptional suppression of target mRNAs. In this article, we provide evidence that a specific microRNA, Let-7f, inhibits IL-23R expression in human CD4(+) memory T cells. Endogenous expression of Let-7f in memory T cells is significantly lower when compared with naive T cells, and Let-7f blocks IL-23R expression through its complementary target sequence within 3' untranslated region of target gene. Furthermore, exogenous transfection of a Let-7f mimic into memory T cells results in downregulation of IL-23R and its downstream cytokine, IL-17. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism in regulating the IL-23/IL-23R pathway and subsequent downstream IL-17 production, which may provide novel therapeutics for human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Testing for Bridging Faults (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Bridging-Fault Model Detection of Nonfeedback Bridging Faults Detection of Feedback Bridging Faults Bridging Faults Simulation Test Generation for Bridging Faults Concluding Remarks This chapter contains sections titled: References Problems
Democratizing Data Science through Interactive Curation of ML Pipelines (2019)

Statistical knowledge and domain expertise are key to extract actionable insights out of data, yet such skills rarely coexist together. In Machine Learning, high-quality results are only attainable via mindful data preprocessing, hyperparameter tuning and model selection. Domain experts are often overwhelmed by such complexity, de-facto inhibiting a wider adoption of ML techniques in other fields. Existing libraries that claim to solve this problem, still require well-trained practitioners. Those frameworks involve heavy data preparation steps and are often too slow for interactive feedback from the user, severely limiting the scope of such systems.
Absolute stereostructures of cell-adhesion inhibitors, macrosphelides C, Eâ€“G and I, produced by a Periconia species separated from an Aplysia sea hare (2001)

Macrosphelides E–I have been isolated, along with known macrosphelides A and C, from a strain of Periconia byssoides originally separated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, and the absolute stereostructures of macrosphelides E–G and I have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses using 1D and 2D NMR techniques and some chemical transformations. In addition, the absolute configuration of macrosphelide C, previously undetermined, has been established by X-ray analysis and application of the modified Mosher method. Macrosphelides E–H inhibited the adhesion of human-leukaemia HL-60 cells to HUVEC.
From the Field of Play to the Field of Combat (2012)

Traditionally, the medical management of concussion has involved close observation and physical and cognitive rest. Most postconcussive symptoms resolve spontaneously and require only conservative treatment. However, some patients have prolonged recoveries and may benefit from treatment with medications. Some naturally occurring compounds demonstrate multimechanistic neuroprotective properties and may be potential treatment considerations. For the most part, however, current treatments are symptom based for those with persistent postconcussive symptoms. The evidence supporting the various pharmacologic treatments in concussion is equivocal. The choice of which medication to use for a patient depends on the symptom characteristics, and each decision should be made on an individual-case basis. There is a need for well-designed trials investigating the efficacy of various medical therapies.
Temperature distribution in semiconductor wafers heated in a hot-wall-type rapid diffusion furnace (1994)

Transient temperature distribution was calculated for wafers heated in a new hot-wall-type rapid diffusion furnace. Two-dimensional radiative heat transfer was combined with unsteady conduction in wafers and the furnace. The furnace is composed of parallel plate heaters, and heats wafers to a temperature of about 1000/spl deg/C. The heaters are divided into four zones and their heating powers are PID-controlled. Two wafers on a holder are inserted vertically from the bottom of the furnace, and heated for three minutes. The calculated results show the wafer temperature approached the desired heating temperature about one minute after insertion, agreeing with experimental results. The average temperature distribution in the wafers during heating is found to be within /spl plusmn/1/spl deg/C at 1000/spl deg/C, when the heating power (temperature) of the four zones is properly controlled. The effects of heater temperature, insertion speed, and holder thickness on the temperature distribution in wafers were calculated. The new hot-wall-type rapid diffusion furnace can be used to manufacture future VLSI.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Drug-induced delirium. (2000)

Drug-induced delirium (DID) is a common and debilitating clinical problem. Identifying and treating the causes of DID is becoming easier as knowledge of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic fates of drugs increases. This article reviews basic pharmacological mechanisms and risks of DID, and ways to manage these risks.
Enhanced renal microvascular reactivity to angiotensin II in hypertension is ameliorated by the sulfonimide analog of 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (2001)

Objectives Epoxygenase metabolites produced by the kidney affect renal blood flow and tubular transport function and 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET) has been putatively identified as an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. The current studies were performed to determine the influence of 11,12-EET on the regulation of afferent arteriolar diameter in angiotensin II-infused hypertensive rats. Materials and methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats received angiotensin II (60 ng/min) or vehicle via an osmotic minipump. Angiotensin II-infused hypertensive and vehicle-infused normotensive rats were studied for 2 weeks following implantation of the minipump. Renal microvascular responses to the sulfonimide analog of 11,12-EET (11,12-EET-SI) and angiotensin II were observed utilizing the in-vitro juxtamedullary nephron preparation. Renal cortical epoxygenase enzyme protein levels were quantified by Western blot analysis. Renal microvessels were also isolated and epoxygenase metabolite levels measured by negative ion chemical ionization (NICI)/gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Results Systolic blood pressure averaged 118 ± 2 mmHg prior to pump implantation and increased to 185 ± 7 mmHg in rats infused with angiotensin II for 2 weeks. Afferent arteriolar diameters of 2-week normotensive animals averaged 22 ± 1 μm. Diameters of the afferent arterioles were 17% smaller in hypertensive rats (P< 0.05); however, arterioles from both groups responded to 11,12-EET-SI (100 nmol) with similar 15–17% increases in diameter. As we previously demonstrated, the afferent arteriolar reactivity to angiotensin II was enhanced in angiotensin II-infused animals. Interestingly, elevation of 11,12-EET-SI levels to 100 nmol reversed the enhanced vascular reactivity to angiotensin II associated with angiotensin II hypertension. Renal microvascular EET levels were not different between groups and averaged 81 ± 9 and 87 ± 13 pg/mg per 30 min in normotensive and hypertensive animals, respectively. Renal cortical microsomal levels of the epoxygenase CYP2C23 and CYP2C11 proteins were also similar in normotensive and angiotensin II hypertensive rats. Conclusions Taken together, these data support the concept that renal microvascular 11,12-EET activity and levels may not properly offset the enhanced angiotensin II renal vasoconstriction during angiotensin II hypertension.
Black Studies: Discipline or Field of Study?. (1980)

A single fixed dose of radioactive iodine is a simple, safe, and effective treatment for hyperthyroidism. High basal free thyroxine concentration and large goitre size are associated with higher chance of relapse. Higher radioiodine doses may be considered to improve the cure rate.
The Association of Heart Rate Variability with Parkinsonian Motor Symptom Duration (2014)

PD is more likely to affect cardiac parasympathetic regulation than sympathetic regulation by time and the heart rate variables have the association with Parkinsonian motor symptom duration.
Correlations between body heights and formant frequencies in young male speakers: a pilot study (2014)

This paper investigates the relationships between body height and formant frequencies in young male adults. A total of 121 speakers were recorded uttering four Chinese vowels. The body height data of the speakers was close to be normally distributed, with a large range and standard deviation. Three subsets of formant parameters: the individual first four formant frequencies, formant interspaces and the sum of different formant frequencies were investigated. Moderate but significant negative relationships were found between most formant parameters of the three subsets and height. Comparatively, the strongest correlations were found between the subset of different formant frequency summations and height. A regression function was also given through multiple regression analysis. These results imply that formant parameters, especially the sum of different formant frequencies, can provide a relatively accurate indication of male speakers' heights.
HIPPI: simplicity yields success (1993)

The high-performance parallel interface (HIPPI), a simplex point-to-point interface for transferring data at peak data rates of 800 or 1600 Mb/s over distances of up to 25 m, is reviewed. The HIPPI physical layer, framing protocol, link encapsulation, its mapping to fiber channels, mapping to IPI-3, switch control, fiber extender, and tester are described. The role of HIPPI in networks is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
p–n diode with hole- and electron-doped lanthanum manganites (2001)

The hole-doped (p-) manganite La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and the electron-doped (n-) manganite La0.7Ce0.3MnO3 undergo an insulator-to-metal transition at around 250 K, above which both behave as a polaronic semiconductor. We have fabricated an epitaxial trilayer (La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/SrTiO3/La0.7Ce0.3MnO3), where SrTiO3 is an insulator. At room temperature, i.e., in the semiconducting regime, it exhibits asymmetric current–voltage (I–V) characteristics akin to a p–n diode. The observed asymmetry in the I–V characteristics disappears at low temperatures where both the manganite layers are metallic. These results indicate that using the polaronic semiconducting regime of doped manganites, a p–n diode can be constructed.