gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurements of Nonlinear Dielectricity in Ferroelectric Polymers (1987)

Experimental procedures and exemplifying results are described in relation to a nonlinear dielectric investigation of ferroelectric polymers. The apparatus developed here was used to apply a sinusoidal electric field and to detect fundamental and higher harmonic electric displacements with a 0.01% accuracy by means of digital sampling and Fourier transform techniques. Three types of experiments were made for PVDF. Measurements at relatively low fields determined the nonlinear dielectric constants in that the second-order constant was shown to reflect the polarity of the sample and the third order one was positive being consistent with cooperative dipoles. The ferroelectric hysteresis loops obtained at very high fields were analyzed in terms of the higher-order Fourier coefficients. The use of a double frequency wave determined the field-dependent linear dielectric constants which showed a maximum during polarization reversal.
<i>In Vivo</i>Penetration Mechanics and Mechanical Properties of Mouse Brain Tissue at Micrometer Scales (2008)

Substantial advancement in the understanding of the neuronal basis of behavior and the treatment of neurological disorders has been achieved via the implantation of various devices into the brain. To design and optimize the next generation of neuronal implants while striving to minimize tissue damage, it is necessary to understand the mechanics of probe insertion at relevant length scales. Unfortunately, a broad-based understanding of brain-implant interactions at the necessary micrometer scales is largely missing. This paper presents a generalizable description of the micrometer-scale penetration mechanics and material properties of mouse brain tissue in vivo. Cylindrical stainless steel probes were inserted into the cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb of mice. The effects of probe size, probe geometry, insertion rate, insertion location, animal age, and the presence of the dura and pia on the resulting forces were measured continuously throughout probe insertion and removal. Material properties (modulus, cutting force, and frictional force) were extracted using mechanical analysis. The use of rigid, incompressible, cylindrical probes allows for a general understanding of how probe design and insertion methods influence the penetration mechanics of brain tissue in vivo that can be applied to the quantitative design of most future implantable devices.
Low Cost Text Mining as a Strategy for Qualitative Researchers (2017)

Advances in text mining together with the widespread adoption of the Internethave opened up new possibilities for qualitative researchersin the information systems and business and management fields.Easy access to large amounts of textual material through search engines,combined with automated techniques for analysis,promise to simplify the process of qualitative research.In practice this turns out not to be so easy.We outline a design research approach for buildinga five stageprocess for low tech,low cost text mining, which includes insights from the text mining literature and an experiment with trend analysis in business intelligence.We summarise the prototype process,and discuss the many difficulties that currently stand in the way of high quality research by this route.Despite the difficulties, the combination of low cost text mining with qualitative research is a promising methodological avenue, and we specify some future paths for this area of study.
Dose–Response Characteristics during Long-Term Inhalation of Nitric Oxide in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study (2003)

Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) improves systemic oxygenation (PaO2/FIO2) in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, individual response varies, and previous trials demonstrated no outcome benefit. This prospective, randomized study in 40 ARDS patients analyzed dose-response (DR) characteristics during long-term inhaled NO. Patients were randomized for conventional therapy (control) or continuous treatment with 10 parts per million (ppm) inhaled NO until weaning was initiated. We measured DR curves of PaO2/FIO2 versus the inhaled NO dose at regular intervals. Before treatment (Day 0), peak improvement in PaO2/FIO2 was achieved at 10 ppm for both control and NO-treated patients. After 4 days, the DR curve of the NO-treated patients was left shifted with a peak response at 1 ppm. At higher doses (10 and 100 ppm), oxygenation deteriorated, and the response to inhaled NO disappeared in several patients. This effect was not observed in the control group. There was no effect of inhaled NO on duration of mechanical ventilation or stay at the intensive care unit. In conclusion, long-term inhaled NO with constant doses of 10 ppm leads to enhanced sensitivity after several days and does do not allow reduction of ventilation parameters. Hence, previous trials on therapy with inhaled NO in ARDS should be carefully interpreted, as they used constant NO concentrations, which may have become overdoses leading to deterioration of oxygenation after several days.
Expression of integrin and organization of F-actin in epithelial cells depends on the underlying surface. (1994)

This is a novel approach to understanding cell-substrate interactions, and one that allows quantitative evaluation of the response of cells to defined surfaces. The organization of F-actin is altered by the substrates containing only carboxyl moieties. The distribution of integrin subunits is also altered by the substrate. These results indicate that epithelial cell spreading and protein expression may be regulated by ionic interactions.
Construction of a Compact Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoelectron Spectrometer (1996)

A compact photoelectron spectrometer has been constructed to analyze energy, momentum and spin of the electronic states in condensed matter. The spectrometer consists of an electron energy analyzer, lens systems and a spin detector. The spin detector is a low-energy diffuse scattering type instrument with a potential of about 100–250 eV. The detector consists of a 90° deflector, a gold target, a four-section anode and lens systems. The detector is about 0.15×0.05×0.05 m 3 in size and is rotatable along a single axis in the analysis chamber under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The parameters of the optical elements have been determined through optimization of the photoelectrons from GaAs(100) and with reference to the ray tracing calculation. The performance of the spin detector has been verified by observing the spin-polarized electrons from O/Cs/GaAs(100).
Price Stability and the Efficiency of the Retail Payments System (1996)

Two of the Federal Reserve’s most important policy mandates are to foster price stability and to oversee the integrity and efficiency of the payments system. Although these policy goals are seldom discussed together, the author illustrates how price stability could enhance the efficiency of the payments system.
Twin-Load (2016)

Conventional systems with direct-attached DRAM struggle to meet growing memory capacity demands: the number of channels is limited by pin count, and the number of modules per channel is limited by signal integrity issues. Recent buffer-on-board (BOB) designs move some memory controller functionality to a separate buffer chip, which lets them support larger capacities (by adding more DRAM or denser, non-volatile components). Nonetheless, lower-cost, lower-latency, direct-attached DRAM still represents a better price-performance solution for many applications.
WOM or eWOM or Something Else: How Does the Web Affect Our Dependence on Shopping Information Sources? (2010)

The "Skull Grip" has shown to be a reliable, effective and stronger bone flap fixation device when compared to traditional sutures.
Feasibility Intervals for Multiprocessor Fixed-Priority Scheduling of Arbitrary Deadline Periodic Systems (2007)

In this paper we study the global scheduling of periodic task systems with arbitrary deadlines upon identical multiprocessor platforms. We first show two very general properties which are well-known for uniprocessor platforms and which remain for multiprocessor platforms: (i) under few and not so restrictive assumptions, we show that any feasible schedule of arbitrary deadline periodic task systems is periodic from some point and (ii) for the specific case of synchronous periodic task systems, we show that the schedule repeats from the origin. We then present our main result: any feasible schedule of asynchronous periodic task sets using a fixed-priority scheduler is periodic from a specific point. Moreover, we characterize that point and we provide a feasibility interval for those systems
Early Nonsurgical Correction of Congenital Auricular Deformities (2002)

Congenital auricular deformation is not an uncommon phenomenon, and it may cause substantial annoyance to the growing child. Many parents of affected children will seek surgical correction of the deformed auricles. The variety of techniques that have been described for the correction of this anomaly suggests that none has been considered satisfying. The consequent possible surgical complications should also be considered, when the surgical procedure can be replaced by an effective conservative treatment. The authors describe their experience using early splinting for congenital auricular deformities. Fifty-two newborn infants with lop, prominent, Stahl's, and constricted ears referred to us by the neonatal department staff were enrolled in this study. Putty Soft, a vinyl polysiloxane impression material, has been used for early molding of the auricles. Surgical tapes were used for the fixation of the mold and to fix the auricle to the scalp. The results were evaluated by one of the parents and by a layperson (medical student) 6 months after completion of the procedure. The above-described early splinting procedure was applied onto 92 auricles of 52 newborn infants aged 1 to 10 days, mostly around day 3. The mean treatment time was 6.8 weeks. All treated auricles were improved, 87 percent were rated as excellent improvement, and there were no complications related to the treatment. The authors conclude that early splinting of deformed auricles should be offered to parents of affected children, and the awareness of this procedure by neonatologists, pediatricians, and nursery staff should be increased.
UTBB FDSOI scaling enablers for the 10nm node (2013)

UTBB FDSOI technology is a faster, cooler and simpler technology addressing the performance/energy consumption trade-off. In this paper we present the main front-end-of-the-line knobs to scale down this promising technology to the 10nm node.
Mannose 6-phosphate-modified bovine serum albumin nanoparticles for controlled and targeted delivery of sodium ferulate for treatment of hepatic fibrosis (2009)

The aim was to prepare neoglycoprotein-based nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to hepatic stellate cells, and to evaluate their characteristics in vitro and in vivo.The neoglycoprotein of bovine serum albumin modified with mannose 6-phosphate was synthesised from mannose, and used as wall material to nanoencapsulate the model natural antifibrotic substance sodium ferulate using a desolvation method. The morphology, drug loading capacity, release in vitro and biodistribution in vivo of the nanoparticles were studied. Selectivity of the nanoparticles for hepatic stellate cells was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of fibrotic rat liver sections.The spherical nanoparticles were negatively charged with zeta potential ranging from -2.73 to -35.85 mV, and sizes between 100 and 200 nm with a narrow size distribution. Drug entrapment efficiency of about 90% (w/w) and loading capacity of 20% (w/w) could be achieved. in vitro, the nanoparticles showed an initial rapid continuous release followed by a slower sustained release. After intravenous injection into mice, the nanoparticles showed a slower elimination rate and a much higher drug concentration in liver compared with the sodium ferrate solution, and less distribution to the kidneys and other tissues. Immunohistochemistry indicated that the neoglycoprotein-based nanoparticles were taken up specifically by hepatic stellate cells.The nanoparticles may be an efficient drug carrier targeting hepatic stellate cells.
Content Aware Refresh: Exploiting the Asymmetry of DRAM Retention Errors to Reduce the Refresh Frequency of Less Vulnerable Data (2018)

DRAM refresh is responsible for significant performance and energy overheads in a wide range of computer systems, from mobile platforms to datacenters [1] . With the growing demand for DRAM capacity and the worsening retention time characteristics of deeply scaled DRAM, refresh is expected to become an even more pronounced problem in future technology generations [2] . This paper examines content aware refresh, a new technique that reduces the refresh frequency by exploiting the unidirectional nature of DRAM retention errors: assuming that a logical 1 and 0 respectively are represented by the presence and absence of charge, 1-to-0 failures are much more likely than 0-to-1 failures. As a result, in a DRAM system that uses a block error correcting code (ECC) to protect memory, blocks with fewer 1s can attain a specified reliability target (i.e., mean time to failure) with a refresh rate lower than that which is required for a block with all 1s. Leveraging this key insight, and without compromising memory reliability, the proposed content aware refresh mechanism refreshes memory blocks with fewer 1s less frequently. To keep the overhead of tracking multiple refresh rates manageable, refresh groups-groups of DRAM rows refreshed together-are dynamically arranged into one of a predefined number of refresh bins and refreshed at the rate determined by the ECC block with the greatest number of 1s in that bin. By tailoring the refresh rate to the actual content of a memory block rather than assuming a worst case data pattern, content aware refresh respectively outperforms DRAM systems that employ RAS-only Refresh, all-bank Auto Refresh, and per-bank Auto Refresh mechanisms by 12, 8, and 13 percent. It also reduces DRAM system energy by 15, 13, and 16 percent as compared to these systems.
Aberration-free Imaging of Large Fields with Thin Pencils (1985)

Aspheric surfaces make aberration-free imaging of large fields possible if the imaging pencils are so thin that higher powers of the aperture angle can be neglected. The order of this freedom from aberrations is defined. Powers of the field angle are not neglected. For example, for large fields, a thin-pencil aberration-free system of second order is entirely free from distortion, field curvature and astigmatism. Such a system can be designed with three aspherics, and the principles of this design are described. The aspheric surfaces can be determined, step by step, by means of a succession of rays, the aberrations of which are made equal to zero by suitable surface elements. For a thin-pencil aberration-free system of nth order, the number of necessary aspherics is given.
Prognostic scores combining clinical, histological and morphometric variables in assessment of the disease outcome in female breast cancer (1991)

Clinical features, 8 histological features, 7 nuclear morphometric variables and 2 mitotic indices were entered in a Cox's model to assess their independent predictive power in a series of 517 breast cancer patients followed up for over 10 years. The volume-corrected mitotic index (M/V index) (p less than 0.001), axillary lymph-node status (p = 0.002), the shortest nuclear axis (p = 0.006) and the degree of tubule formation (p = 0.02) predicted independently the recurrence-free survival. In N- tumours (n = 293), the M/V index (p = 0.005), the degree of tubule formation (p = 0.016) and tumour size (p = 0.023) were independent prognostic predictors, whereas in N+ tumours (n = 224), only the M/V index (p = 0.004) and the maximum nuclear axis (p = 0.004) had independent prognostic value. The corrected survival was predicted independently by the axillary lymph-node status, degree of tubule formation, M/V index, tumour size (p less than 0.001), age (p = 0.002) and year of treatment (p = 0.008). In N- tumours, the degree of tubule formation (p = 0.005) and intraductal growth pattern (p = 0.015) exhibited independent predictive value. In N+ tumours, patient survival was related to the M/V index (p less than 0.001), tumour size (p = 0.005) and patient age (p = 0.005). The results show that the assessment of the M/V index, axillary lymph-node status, tumour size, intraductal growth pattern and tubule formation are reliable factors in predicting the prognosis of breast cancer. The conventional mitotic activity index (MAI) and histological grading should be replaced by the M/V index in histological assessment of malignancy in breast cancer. The prognostic scores combining the independent variables reflecting the proliferative rate and metastatic potential of the tumours are more accurate predictors of the recurrence-free survival and overall survival (p less than 0.0001) than the single variables used alone.
Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (1999)

A total of 202 papers were presented and 42 posters displayed at the conference, 55 of which have been abstracted separately for the database. Papers were presented within sessions with topics headings: opening session; capture; storage-geology; storage-ocean; chemistry; policy; energy technologies; energy efficiency; bioenergy and forestry; other greenhouse gases; economy and life cycle analysis; transport and industry; and renewables and nuclear. Poster sessions were entitled: capture; storage - ocean; storage - geology; chemistry; bioenergy; policy and economy and life cycle analysis.
Rhubarb Juice as a Natural Antibrowning Agent (2000)

ABSTRACT: To search for natural antibrowning agents, rhubarb juice was tested on fresh‐cut apple slices and found to have a potent effect. Liberty apple slices were treated in various concentrations of rhubarb juice (5%–100%), and the rate of discoloration at room temperature was measured by a Hunter Colorimeter. Apple slices treated in the 5%– 10% solution showed browning activity with dL values of 2.3 – 2.5 at two hours. However, the concentrations of rhubarb juice above 20% inhibited apple browning effectively with no change in the L value for several hours. Analysis of oxalic acid in rhubarb juice showed that the 20% solution contained about 67 mg/100g.
Properties of geopolymer bricks made with flyash and GGBS (2020)

Abstract Geopolymer bricks is the new innovation in the field of brick industry. Geopolymer bricks contain flayash as the source material and an alkaline activator for the activation of polymerization reaction. In this study, experimental work has been performed on geopolymer bricks with flyash and GGBS as source material and sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as an activator. The molarity of sodium hydroxide was maintained at 12M for all the mixtures and the ratio of sodium hydroxide to sodium silicate was kept as 1:2.5. The brick properties such as compressive strength, water absorption, acid resistance and efflorescence test were conducted on the test specimens. Test results indicated that geopolymer concrete with higher GGBS content resulted in higher compressive strength and better properties compared to flyash based geopolymer brick.
Single-Step Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition of −COOH Functional Conducting Copolymer and Immobilization of Biomolecule for Sensor Application (2011)

A platform for fabrication of conductive copolymer based resistive biosensor on nonconductive substrate is demonstrated. The −COOH functional groups in the copolymer of thiophene-3-acetic acid (TAA) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) was employed for immobilization of a biomolecule. The sheet resistance of the conductive copolymer thin films significantly increased upon immobilization of the biomolecule. In terms of the fabrication method, application of bromine as an oxidant in this oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) technique considerably improved the conductivity of the copolymer and also notably reduced the polymer synthesis steps. This low temperature oCVD process shows promises for coating any substrate, for example, paper, plastics, silicon and glass with highly conducting, conformal polymeric films for the future applications in fabricating flexible biosensor devices.
Predictors of preclinical Alzheimer disease and dementia: a clinicopathologic study. (2005)

Increased age, depressive features, and even minimal cognitive impairment, as determined clinically by Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes and by slowed psychomotor performance, identify older individuals without dementia who develop dementia. Older adults who do not develop dementia have stable cognitive performance. The absence of practice effects may denote the subset of older adults without dementia with histopathologic AD, which may reflect a preclinical stage of the illness.
Topological Analysis of Urban Street Networks (2004)

The authors propose a topological analysis of large urban street networks based on a computational and functional graph representation. This representation gives a functional view in which vertices represent named streets and edges represent street intersections. A range of graph measures, including street connectivity, average path length, and clustering coefficient, are computed for structural analysis. In order to characterise different clustering degrees of streets in a street network they generalise the clustering coefficient to a k-clustering coefficient that takes into account k neighbours. Based on validations applied to three cities, the authors show that large urban street networks form small-world networks but exhibit no scale-free property.
CHITOSAN AS A CONTROL AGENT OF TOXIGENIC FUNGAL GROWTH AND AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION (1988)

Addition of chitosan, either native (from crab) or a chemically-derived derivative (N-carboxymethyl chitosan), to liquid fungal culture at certain concentrations markedly reduced growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. The effect of chitosans on aflatoxin production varied based on the type and concentration of the material. Reduced levels of native chitosan inhibited fungal growth, whereas the chitosan-derivative stimulated synthesis of the toxin. After 8 days, A. flavus treated with the chitosan derivative produced 345.96μg aflatoxin B1/g mycelia, whereas control cultures without chitosan produced 10μg toxin/g mycelia. Elevated concentrations of either chitosan inhibited aflatoxin production. Chitosan exhibited the greatest effect on fungal growth when it was added to culture flasks during the early fermentation phase. Aflatoxin production by both Aspergillus species was inversely related to fungal growth in cultures containing lower concentrations of chitosan-derivative.