gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online Web Cluster Capacity Estimation and Its Application to Energy Conservation (2007)

Designers of data centers and Web servers aim to make on-demand allocation of resources to clients in order to lower the deployment cost of hosted services. Moreover, they must also minimize operating costs, such as energy consumption, by matching service-capacity demand with resource supply. However, since the term "capacity" is typically defined vaguely or inadequately, it is difficult to assess resource needs and, hence, servers, which are several times larger than needed at runtime, are usually deployed. The time-varying nature of the workload model further complicates the problem and necessitates an online capacity-estimation solution. To address this overprovisioning problem, we first define the capacity of a server cluster as the sustainable throughput subject to a request retransmission ratio constraint and then analyze different approaches to capacity estimation in a running system. Various capacity-estimation mechanisms, such as offline benchmarking and CPU-utilization evaluation, are discussed and compared with our queue-monitoring method. We employ several different data-collection methods (application instrumentation, user-space tools, simple network management protocol (SNMP), and kernel modules) to compare their effects on estimation accuracy. Of these, queue monitoring is found to provide a good and stable estimate of server capacity. To validate this finding, we propose a simple cluster- resizing mechanism and evaluate the energy-conservation performance. A good combination of data collection and online capacity estimation is found to make significantly more energy savings than traditional approaches (that is, static estimation and scheduled capacity). Our experimental results show that more than 40 percent of energy can be saved for regular daily usage patterns without any prior knowledge of the workload and that long start-up and shutdown delays affect energy savings considerably.
Dual role of mitochondria in producing melatonin and driving GPCR signaling to block cytochrome c release (2017)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are classically characterized as cell-surface receptors transmitting extracellular signals into cells. Here we show that central components of a GPCR signaling system comprised of the melatonin type 1 receptor (MT<sub>1</sub>), its associated G protein, and β-arrestins are on and within neuronal mitochondria. We discovered that the ligand melatonin is exclusively synthesized in the mitochondrial matrix and released by the organelle activating the mitochondrial MT<sub>1</sub> signal-transduction pathway inhibiting stress-mediated cytochrome <i>c</i> release and caspase activation. These findings coupled with our observation that mitochondrial MT<sub>1</sub> overexpression reduces ischemic brain injury in mice delineate a mitochondrial GPCR mechanism contributing to the neuroprotective action of melatonin. We propose a new term, "automitocrine," analogous to "autocrine" when a similar phenomenon occurs at the cellular level, to describe this unexpected intracellular organelle ligand-receptor pathway that opens a new research avenue investigating mitochondrial GPCR biology.
The hop-limit approach for spare-capacity assignment in survivable networks (1995)

This paper presents a new approach for spare-capacity assignment in mesh-type self-healing networks which use reconfigurable network elements as transmission hubs. Under this approach the process of reducing total weighted cost of spare capacity is obtained by taking into account all network's eligible restoration routes which do not violate a predetermined hop-limit value. The process derived considers a given set of possible failure scenarios, which include single-link, multi-link and node failures, and is adaptive to accommodate several practical considerations such as integrality of spare channels and modularity of transmission systems. This process is generally composed of two parts: part 1 relies on a linear-programming formulation (min-max) from which a lower bound solution of spare cost is found; part 2 rounds-up the solution of part 1 to a feasible solution and uses a series of max-flow tests aimed at tightening the rounded-up assignment to a practical optimum. For small and moderate size networks a mixed-integer-programming formulation of part 1 can be used to obtain optimal results. A network, which has already been studied in the literature, is analyzed to illustrate the approach developed and to demonstrate, for cases where hop limits can feasibly be kept low, its superiority over other algorithms published in this area.
Cooperative activation in cardiac muscle: impact of sarcomere length (2002)

This study was undertaken to determine the impact of sarcomere length (SL) on the level of cooperative activation of the cardiac myofilament at physiological [Mg2+]. Active force development was measured in skinned rat cardiac trabeculae as a function of free [Ca2+] at five SLs (1.85-2.25 microm; 1 mM free [Mg2+]; 15 degrees C). Only muscle preparations with minimal force rundown during the entire protocol were included in the analysis (average 7.2 +/- 1.7%). Median SL was measured by on-line computer video micrometry and controlled within 0.01 microm. Care was taken to ensure a sufficient number of data points in the steep portion of the [Ca2+]-force relationship at every SL to allow for accurate fit of the data to a modified Hill equation. Multiple linear regression analysis of the fit parameters revealed that both maximum, Ca2+-saturated force and Ca2+ sensitivity were a significant function of SL (P < 0.001), whereas the level of cooperativity did not depend on SL (P = 0.2). Further analysis of the [Ca2+]-force relationships revealed a marked asymmetry that, also, was not affected by SL (P = 0.2-0.6). Finally, we found that the level of cooperativity in isolated skinned myocardium was comparable to that reported for intact, nonskinned myocardium. Our results suggest that an increase in SL induces an increase in the Ca2+ responsiveness of the cardiac sarcomere without affecting the level of cooperativity.
Thermal Decomposition of Tetrazene at 90 deg C (1978)

A study of the thermal decomposition of the stab-sensitizing explosive tetrazene has shown that at 90 C this substance is converted substantially to 5-aminotetrazole. Spectroscopic evidence indicates that this product is derived from both the side chain (via guanyl azide) and the tetrazole ring. The total volume of gaseous products liberated by this reaction was also measured.
Cellular basis of differential responsiveness of lymph nodes and spleen to 23-valent Pnu-Imune vaccine. (1994)

Abstract Subcutaneous administration with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pnu-Imune) elicited a good antipneumococcal capsular polysaccharide response from the spleen but not from peripheral lymph nodes (LN) (cervical, brachial, axillary, popliteal, inguinal) of BALB/c mice. To evaluate the cellular basis of the unresponsiveness of LN to this vaccine and to identify the cell types in spleen that are necessary for induction of polysaccharide Ab responses, a reliable in vitro culture system was developed to obtain plaque-forming cell responses to the Pnu-Imune vaccine. The in vitro antipneumococcal polysaccharide response of mouse spleen cells was found to be relatively T cell independent. Unlike spleen cells, LN cells did not respond to the Pnu-Imune vaccine in vitro. However, LN cells responded to Pnu-Imune vaccine when co-cultured with irradiated spleen cells or splenic dendritic cells but not with accessory cell-depleted spleen cells. LN cells were found to contain the necessary accessory cells that can support the polysaccharide response but in reduced numbers. The LN response to the vaccine was also reconstituted by IL-1 or Th2-associated cytokine IL-5. In contrast, IFN-gamma, a Th1 cell-derived lymphokine was able to suppress the in vitro splenic response to the vaccine suggesting that differential activation of Th1 and Th2 types of Th cells might be one mechanism by which T cells regulate Ab responses to pneumococcal polysaccharides.
Effect of Fiber Wall Pore Structure on Pulp Sheet Density of Softwood Kraft Pulp Fibers (2013)

In this study fiber cell wall porosity was altered by fiber line simulation in a laboratory. The changes in the fiber cell porosity were analyzed with a water retention value (WRV) test. Pore size distributions were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DCS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the cell wall pore area from cross sections of the S2 layer of the cell wall. WRV was shown to correlate with the amount of water in the pores with a diameter of at least 200 nm. Changes in the non-freezing and total bound water did not affect the WRV. The calculated shrinkage forces generated by the capillary forces in different pore cell wall structures correlated with the sheet densities generated by fiber networks. It was observed that the swelling of the cell wall, defined as an increase in the diameter of the cell wall, was most likely not occurring or was very difficult to detect.
WiFi indoor positioning algorithm based on machine learning (2017)

The time-varying Received Signal Strength (RSS) drastically reduces the correlation between signals and location information, which leads to degrade the indoor positioning accuracy in WiFi. And the kernel selection of Support Vector Regression (SVR) is limited by the Mercer theorem, it has a negative influence on the regressive result. In this paper, a new positioning algorithm based on Kernel Direct Discriminant Analysis (KDDA) and Relevance Vector Regression (RVR) is proposed to resolve these problems. The proposed algorithm employs KDDA to reconstruct the localization information contained in the RSS readings. The most discriminative localization features are then extracted while the redundant localization features and noise are discarded by KDDA. The extracted localization features are taken as inputs to RVR learning machine and the mapping between localization features and physical locations is established. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm obtains more significant accuracy improvement than existing WKNN methods and KDDA-SVR algorithm.
Metagenomic Analysis of Microbial Community Compositions and Cold-Responsive Stress Genes in Selected Antarctic Lacustrine and Soil Ecosystems (2018)

This study describes microbial community compositions, and various cold-responsive stress genes, encompassing cold-induced proteins (CIPs) and cold-associated general stress-responsive proteins (CASPs) in selected Antarctic lake water, sediment, and soil metagenomes. Overall, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the major taxa in all metagenomes. <i>Prochlorococcus</i> and <i>Thiomicrospira</i> were highly abundant in waters, while <i>Myxococcus</i>, <i>Anaeromyxobacter</i>, <i>Haliangium,</i> and <i>Gloeobacter</i> were dominant in the soil and lake sediment metagenomes. Among CIPs, genes necessary for DNA replication, translation initiation, and transcription termination were highly abundant in all metagenomes. However, genes for fatty acid desaturase (FAD) and trehalose synthase (TS) were common in the soil and lake sediment metagenomes. Interestingly, the Lake Untersee water and sediment metagenome samples contained histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) and all genes for CIPs. As for the CASPs, high abundances of a wide range of genes for cryo- and osmo-protectants (glutamate, glycine, choline, and betaine) were identified in all metagenomes. However, genes for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis were dominant in Lake Untersee water, sediment, and other soil metagenomes. The results from this study indicate that although diverse microbial communities are present in various metagenomes, they share common cold-responsive stress genes necessary for their survival and sustenance in the extreme Antarctic conditions.
Preservation of red cell 2,3-DPG and viability in bicarbonate-containing medium: the effect of blood-bag permeability. (1972)

Abstract Preservation of red cell viability and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) levels requires maintenance of relatively high pH levels. When red cells are stored in plastic bags, a bicarbonate buffer system has the unique advantage that the acid formed can leave the storage container by diffusing, as CO 2 , through the plastic material. Provided that the plastic is sufficiently permeable to carbon dioxide, and that there is an adequate ratio of plastic surface to blood stored, excellent maintenance of 2,3-DPG and viability is possible for periods of 42 days.
A gel-based solid-phase amplification and its application for SNP typing and sequencing on-chip (2009)

As conventional solid-phase amplification (SPA) on a two-dimensional slide has a low amplification capacity due to a limited amount of immobilized primers, we propose a three-dimensional SPA by immobilizing primers in hydrogel attached to a slide. One of the PCR primers, modified with an acrylamide group at the 5'-terminal, was copolymerized with both polyacrylamide gel and an acryl-modified glass slide, resulting in a high amplification capacity. The immobilization process was carried out by adding the catalysis reagent N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) volatilized in vacuum, with uniform sample-concentration and gel-viscosity in the course of one-step nucleic acid immobilization. The porous structure of polyacrylamide gel, which allows PCR reagents such as Taq DNA polymerase, primers, dNTPs and DNA templates to freely enter the gel matrix, provides a homogeneous solution-mimicking environment for SPA on the interface or the inside of gel pads. Based on gel-based SPA, genotypes of different samples were accurately discriminated by either dual-color fluorescence hybridization or BAMPER (Bioluminometric Assay coupled with Modified Primer Extension Reactions). Pyrosequencing was also successfully carried out on SPA products. As the linkage between DNA molecules and gel is very strong, SPA products immobilized on gel pads could be reused several times if extended strands were removed by electrophoresis. Thus, the gel-based SPA provides a powerful tool for directly using on-chip amplicons for parallel detection.
In vivo dynamic light scattering imaging of blood coagulation (2007)

Physiological blood coagulation/clotting is an essential biological process that is initiated by vessel injury and includes a cascade of enzymatic reactions finalized by fibrin polymerization and clot formation. We utilize dynamic light scattering (DLS) imaging to monitor in vivo red cell mobility as an indicator of blood coagulation. In the course of the experiments, blood flow is arrested using mechanical occlusion, and then laser injury is applied. We demonstrate that the combination of laser injury with DLS imaging on occluded blood vessels (i.e., under static conditions) is suitable to detect even subtle changes of plasma viscosity in the circulatory system, which reflects the process of clot development. This approach is noninvasive and has a relatively simple and easy-to-use technical design. Thus, the proposed methodology provides a promising tool for investigating blood clotting within the vasculature.
5′ and 3′ terminal nucleotide sequences of the RNA genome segments of influenza virus (1979)

EXtensive nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5' and the 3' terminal of the RNA segments of the genome of fowl plague virus, an avian strain of influenza virus, confirms the presence of a common sequence at the 5' terminus of each segment and a common sequence at the 3' terminus of each segment. Between the ends of each individual segment there is a complementary sequence which may be important in the control of transcription and replication of the genome. In addition, the probable sites of initiation of translation of fowl plague virus mRNA are indicated along with the corresponding NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of the virus polypeptides.
Vaccination of Pregnant Dams with Intimin <sub>O157</sub> Protects Suckling Piglets from <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 Infection (2002)

Cattle are important reservoirs of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 that cause disease in humans. Both dairy and beef cattle are asymptomatically and sporadically infected with EHEC. Our long-term goal is to develop an effective vaccine to prevent cattle from becoming infected and transmitting EHEC O157:H7 to humans. We used passive immunization of neonatal piglets (as a surrogate model) to determine if antibodies against EHEC O157 adhesin (intimin(O157)) inhibit EHEC colonization. Pregnant swine (dams) with serum anti-intimin titers of < or =100 were vaccinated twice with purified intimin(O157) or sham-vaccinated with sterile buffer. Intimin(O157)-specific antibody titers in colostrum and serum of dams were increased after parenteral vaccination with intimin(O157). Neonatal piglets were allowed to suckle vaccinated or sham-vaccinated dams for up to 8 h before they were inoculated with 10(6) CFU of a Shiga toxin-negative (for humane reasons) strain of EHEC O157:H7. Piglets were necropsied at 2 to 10 days after inoculation, and intestinal samples were collected for determination of bacteriological counts and histopathological analysis. Piglets that ingested colostrum containing intimin(O157)-specific antibodies from vaccinated dams, but not those nursing sham-vaccinated dams, were protected from EHEC O157:H7 colonization and intestinal damage. These results establish intimin(O157) as a viable candidate for an EHEC O157:H7 antitransmission vaccine.
Quantum bound states in a ballistic quantum channel with a multiple double-bend discontinuity (1995)

We have investigated in detail the quasibound states of a quantum channel with a multiple double-bend discontinuity. We assume that our quantum system is of finite length and connected to two 2DEG reservoirs. The mode-matching technique has been employed. We have predicted that there are 2N resonant peaks of the conductance below the first transverse-mode energy for the quantum channel with an N double-bend discontinuity, which means the formation of one-electron miniband structure below the first transverse-mode energy for a lateral superlattice consisting of finite periods of double-bend structure. Our results clearly indicate that the 2N quasibound states of the channel with energies below the first transverse-mode energy are 2N-fold splitting quasibound states due to the coupling between the local bound states. Our analytical results from the nearest interactive model and our numerical results are qualitatively well consistent.
Toward spreadsheet-based data management in distributed enterprise environment (2004)

We propose a feasible approach on managing the heterogeneous data in distributed enterprise environment, which leverages the born data presentation and calculation ability of spreadsheet to unify the enterprise information access to heterogeneous data sources through its core component: universal distributed data interchanging middleware (UDDIM). Afterwards, we focus on the problem of unifying all kinds of heterogeneous data sources from heterogeneous OS in Intranet through CORBA and Internet through SOAP into one single "Spreadsheet World". And this "Spreadsheet World" is bridged to and fro other information worlds through information gateway technology. XML technique is used to achieve data exchanging regardless of the differences of low-level communication mechanisms. As a result, all clients can access and utilize information from one single "Spreadsheet World" in variety of ways, both powerfully and easily.
Challenges and enabling technologies for energy aware mobile radio networks (2010)

Mobile communications are increasingly contributing to global energy consumption. In this article, a holistic approach for energy efficient mobile radio networks is presented. The matter of having appropriate metrics and evaluation methods that allow assessing the energy efficiency of the entire system is discussed. The mutual supplementary saving concepts comprise component, link and network levels. At the component level the power amplifier complemented by a transceiver and a digital platform supporting advanced power management are key to efficient radio implementations. Discontinuous transmission by base stations, where hardware components are switched off, facilitate energy efficient operation at the link level. At the network level, the potential for reducing energy consumption is in the layout of networks and their management, that take into account slowly changing daily load patterns, as well as highly dynamic traffic fluctuations. Moreover, research has to analyze new disruptive architectural approaches, including multi-hop transmission, ad-hoc meshed networks, terminal-to-terminal communications, and cooperative multipoint architectures.
ABC: Efficient Selection of Machine Learning Configuration on Large Dataset (2018)

A machine learning configuration refers to a combination of preprocessor, learner, and hyperparameters. Given a set of configurations and a large dataset randomly split into training and testing set, we study how to efficiently select the best configuration with approximately the highest testing accuracy when trained from the training set. To guarantee small accuracy loss, we develop a solution using confidence interval (CI)-based progressive sampling and pruning strategy. Compared to using full data to find the exact best configuration, our solution achieves more than two orders of magnitude speedup, while the returned top configuration has identical or close test accuracy.
Review: <i>Letters to My Teacher</i>, by Dagobert D. Runes (1961)

Book Review| November 01 1961 Review: Letters to My Teacher, by Dagobert D. Runes Letters to My TeacherDagobert D. Runes P. K. P. K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1961) 23 (7): 462. https://doi.org/10.2307/4439724 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. K.; Review: Letters to My Teacher, by Dagobert D. Runes. The American Biology Teacher 1 November 1961; 23 (7): 462. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4439724 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Basic peptide-morpholino oligomer conjugate that is very effective in killing bacteria by gene-specific and nonspecific modes (2011)

Basic peptides covalently linked to nucleic acids, or chemically modified nucleic acids, enable the insertion of such a conjugate into bacteria grown in liquid medium and mammalian cells in tissue culture. A unique peptide, derived from human T cells, has been employed in a chemical synthesis to make a conjugate with a morpholino oligonucleotide. This new conjugate is at least 10- to 100-fold more effective than previous peptides used in altering the phenotype of host bacteria if the external guide sequence methodology is employed in these experiments. Bacteria with target genes expressing chloramphenicol resistance, penicillin resistance, or gyrase A function can effectively be reduced in their expression and the host cells killed. Several bacteria are susceptible to this treatment, which has a broad range of potency. The loss in viability of bacteria is not due only to complementarity with a target RNA and the action of RNase P, but also to a non-gene-specific tight binding of the complexed nontargeted RNA to the basic polypeptide-morpholino oligonucleotide.