gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achieving a Stable Time Response in Polymeric Radiation Sensors under Charge Injection by X-rays (2010)

Existing inorganic materials for radiation sensors suffer from several drawbacks, including their inability to cover large curved areas, lack of tissue-equivalence, toxicity, and mechanical inflexibility. As an alternative to inorganics, poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) diodes have been evaluated for their suitability for detecting radiation via the direct creation of X-ray induced photocurrents. A single layer of PTAA is deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates, with top electrodes selected from Al, Au, Ni, and Pd. The choice of metal electrode has a pronounced effect on the performance of the device; there is a direct correlation between the diode rectification factor and the metal-PTAA barrier height. A diode with an Al contact shows the highest quality of rectifying junction, and it produces a high X-ray photocurrent (several nA) that is stable during continuous exposure to 50 kV Mo Kalpha X-radiation over long time scales, combined with a high signal-to-noise ratio with fast response times of less than 0.25 s. Diodes with a low band gap, 'Ohmic' contact, such as ITO/PTAA/Au, show a slow transient response. This result can be explained by the build-up of space charge at the metal-PTAA interface, caused by a high level of charge injection due to X-ray-induced carriers. These data provide new insights into the optimum selection of metals for Schottky contacts on organic materials, with wider applications in light sensors and photovoltaic devices.
Modeling and verification of single event transients in deep submicron technologies (2004)

Digital single event transients (DSETs) are becoming an increasing concern for deep submicron ICs. As device feature sizes shrink, digital circuits become faster, have smaller parasitics, and become more susceptible to single event effects (SEEs). If an ionizing particle creates enough charge to be collected on a node within a combinatorial gate, a transient pulse will be formed that may propagate through the circuit and be latched in as bad data. In order to predict the response of a circuit to a single event, people have long used circuit and device level simulations. In this paper, we show that when dealing with deep submicron technologies, knowing the pulse structure of the transient is crucial to predicting its propagation distance accurately.
Size‐Dependent Magnetic Properties of Colloidal Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and MnO Nanoparticles (2004)

Highly crystalline and monodisperse MnO and Mn3O4 nanoparticles are prepared by thermal decomposition of [Mn(acac)2] in oleylamine under an inert atmosphere in the presence and absence of a small amount of water, respectively (see picture). The particle size of both manganese oxide systems can be easily manipulated by changing the employed reaction temperature, and it has been demonstrated that the magnetic behavior depends on the size of the particles. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z52400_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Molecular Role of RNF43 in Canonical and Noncanonical Wnt Signaling (2015)

Wnt signaling pathways are tightly regulated by ubiquitination, and dysregulation of these pathways promotes tumorigenesis. It has been reported that the ubiquitin ligase RNF43 plays an important role in frizzled-dependent regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here, we show that RNF43 suppresses both Wnt/β-catenin signaling and noncanonical Wnt signaling by distinct mechanisms. The suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling requires interaction between the extracellular protease-associated (PA) domain and the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of frizzled and the intracellular RING finger domain of RNF43. In contrast, these N-terminal domains of RNF43 are not required for inhibition of noncanonical Wnt signaling, but interaction between the C-terminal cytoplasmic region of RNF43 and the PDZ domain of dishevelled is essential for this suppression. We further show the mechanism by which missense mutations in the extracellular portion of RNF43 identified in patients with tumors activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Missense mutations of RNF43 change their localization from the endosome to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in the failure of frizzled-dependent suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, these mutants retain the ability to suppress noncanonical Wnt signaling, probably due to interaction with dishevelled. RNF43 is also one of the potential target genes of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results reveal the molecular role of RNF43 and provide an insight into tumorigenesis.
The Knights of Bushido: The Shocking History of Japanese War Atrocities. By Lord Russell of Liverpool. (New York: E. P. Dutton and Company. 1958. Pp. xiv, 334. $5.00.) (1959)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
ChemInform Abstract: ELASTIC MODULI AND REFRACTIVE INDEXES OF ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES CONTAINING YTTRIUM OXIDE, LANTHANUM OXIDE, AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE (1978)

Abstract Durch Zusatz von T10, und La 2 O 3 zu Gläsern im System Al 2 O 3 ‐Y 2 O 3 ‐SiO2 werden Gläser entwickelt, deren Brechungsindizes, Elastizitätsmoduln und Vickers‐Härten sich in den Bereichen 1.658‐1.821, 949‐1213 kbar bzw. 798‐860 kg/mm 2 bewegen.
Biological Activity of Bamboo Salt (2004)

【Bamboo salt has been used for the purpose of prevention and treatment of various diseases in Korea. Present study was carried out to ascertain the effects of purple bamboo salt upon anti-allergic effect, anti-inflammatory activity and immune-enhance effect as well. Purple bamboo salt significantly inhibited the ear swelling response and histamine release induced by compound 48/80 in mice and rat peritoneal mast cells. Purple bamboo salt (0.01 ∼ lg/kg) also dose-dependently inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis by oral administration. Purple bamboo salt (1 mg/mL) in hibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- ${\alpha}$ , interleukin (IL)-1 ${\beta}$ and IL-6 secretion, by 67.04 ${\pm}$ 0.08%, 68.01 ${\pm}$ 1.85%, 69.48 ${\pm}$ 0.54%, respectively. In addition, purple bamboo salt inhibited the expression of TNF- ${\alpha}$ mRNA in HMC-1 cells. Finally, we investigated the effect of purple bamboo salt in the forced swimming test (FST) and the change of purple bamboo salt-mediated cytokine production from MOLT-4 cells. At the 7th, immobility time was significantly decreased in the purple bamboo salt-administration group (35.4 ${\pm}$ 5.9 s for 1 g/kg) in comparison with the control group (93.2 ${\pm}$ 15.45). After FST, the content of glucose in the blood serum was increased and the levels of blood urea nitrogen, lactic dehydrogenase was decreased in purple bamboo salt-administration group. However, it had no effect on the elevation of CK and TP level. Purple bamboo salt (1 mg/mL) significantly increased the interferon (IFN)- ${\gamma}$ and IL-2 level compared with media control (about 3.7-fold for IFN- ${\gamma}$ , about 3.5-fold for IL-2, p〈0.05) but did not affect the IL-4.】
Weak Localization of Photons: Universal Fluctuations and Ensemble Averaging (1986)

We have carried out an experimental study of weak localization of photons in a rigid, nonabsorbing, disordered medium. Unlike recent results reported for particles in a fluid, we observe large-amplitude fluctuations in the scattering intensity as a function of angle. Ensemble averaging of these sample-specific fluctuations decreases their intensity and uncovers a sharp peak in the backscattering direction. These results emphasize the common origin of weak localization of electrons, as a wave phenomenon, and of photons which are inherently wavelike.
Combining Extreme Learning Machine, RF and HOG for Feature Extraction (2017)

Feature extraction and classifier is crucial for content-based image retrieve and analysis. In this paper, a novel method for handwritten numeral image extraction is proposed based on Random Forest(RF) and Histogram of Oriented Gradient(HOG). The main contribution of the proposed method is to consider the advantage of HOG and RF. Further, our method extract the impactful information of image, and reduce the input dimension. Therefore, the method can effectively improve the accuracy of handwriting recognition. And the training speed of classifier is faster than multi-layer neural network. We performed the proposed method on MNIST and USPS datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy and faster training speed than HOG-ELM and ML-ELM.
A modeling methodology for real-time/multimedia operating systems (2002)

Real-time scheduling theory attempts to guarantee that a real-time task set always meets its deadlines. Historically, there has existed a wide gap between real-time scheduling theory and the reality of applying the theory to task sets implemented via real-time operating systems (RTOSs). The paper provides a framework to account for implementation costs in real-time scheduling theory. In addition, an engineering methodology that allows users and developers to accurately model and evaluate RTOSs is presented. We use this methodology to model three different commercial real-time operating systems that are being used in multimedia applications. We show how to use the RTOS scheduling models to evaluate the performance and design of RTOSs.
Cross linking to tissue transglutaminase and collagen favours gliadin toxicity in coeliac disease (2005)

tTG formed high molecular weight complexes with all tested gliadins. As all tested gliadins were substrates for tTG, the tTG catalysed modifications were not restricted to single gliadin types and epitopes. Furthermore, haptenisation and long term immobilisation of gliadin peptides by tTG catalysed binding to abundant extracellular matrix proteins could be instrumental in the perpetuation of intestinal inflammation and some associated autoimmune diseases in coeliac disease.
Theory of the travelling-wave parametric amplifier (1960)

The theory of a parametric travelling-wave amplifier is developed, including the pumping wave explicitly.Particular reference is made to two characteristics of such amplifiers which theories assuming a constant pumping-wave amplitude fail to predict.The first arises from ohmic attenuation in the line, and limits the useful length of line to a length of the order of (α1α3)−1/2, where α1 and α3 are the signal- and pumping-wave attenuation coefficients. Further increase in length leads to a decrease in gain.The second characteristic is a saturation effect at high signal levels. This is found to be associated with a spatially periodic power transfer between signal and idling waves on the one hand and pumping wave on the other. The maximum power output at the signal frequency is obtainable from the input pump power and the input signal power through the Manley-Rowe relations.
Data Science and Simulation in Transportation Research (2013)

Given its effective techniques and theories from various sources and fields, data science is playing a vital role in transportation research and the consequences of the inevitable switch to electronic vehicles. This fundamental insight provides a step towards the solution of this important challenge.\n\nData Science and Simulation in Transportation Research highlights entirely new and detailed spatial-temporal micro-simulation methodologies for human mobility and the emerging dynamics of our society. Bringing together novel ideas grounded in big data from various data mining and transportation science sources, this book is an essential tool for professionals, students, and researchers in the fields of transportation research and data mining.
123I-ADAM SPECT in healthy nonhuman primates: A preliminary report (2002)

Background: Serotonin transporter(SERT)plays amajor role in modulating serotonergic neuronal function and is the target of many antidepressant drugs used in neurophychiatric disorders.123I-ADAM(2-([2-([dimethylamino]methyl)phenoxyl]thio)-5-[123I]iodophenylamine)has been reported as a potential SERT imaging agent. The study was undertaken to in vivo image central SERT using 123I-ADAM SPECT in non-human primates.

Methods: Two female monkeys(Macaca cyclopis) were studied. Eight 30-min brain SPECT after injection of185MBq(5mCi)of 123I-ADAM were obtained by a dualhead gamma camera equipped with ultra-high-resolution fan-beam collimators(GE, Millennium VG).In additionto visual inspection,the radiouptake and specificuptake ratio(SUR)of midbrain(MB),striatum(ST)and thalamus(TH)in reference to the corresponding MRI at the 8 time points were measured. The SUR of MB, using cerebellum(CB)as the reference tissue, was calculated as following:(MB-CB)/CB in mean counts/pixel. The SUR of ST and TH were also measured in the same method.
 Results: By visual inspection, there was discernable uptake of 123I-ADAM in the ST, TH, and MB. Little uptake was found in the CB. The image of MB was easily identified at the 30 min-time point. The SUR of MB reached equilibrium around 210 min after injection. No remarkable adverse reactions were found during and afterimaging.
 Conclusion: The brain distribution of 123I-ADAM in the monkeys appeared consistent with the known distribution of SERT. In conjunction with a high SUR in MB, we speculate that 123I-ADAM may be a potential radioligand for human SERT SPECT.
Field analysis o SAW single-phase unidirectional transducers using internal floating electrodes (2003)

A coupled-mode analysis is presented of the performance of a single-phase unidirectional transducer utilizing the internal reflections of floating electrodes of electrically open circuited and shorted metal strips within an interdigital electrode. All four independent parameters (self- and mutual-coupling coefficients, transduction coefficient, and static capacitance) governing the coupled-mode equation with an electrical transduction term are analytically derived using extended Legendre polynomial expansions of electrical fields and a perturbation analysis. The frequency response of the radiation admittance and the insertion loss, and the growing surface acoustic wave (SAW) field distributions are calculated from simple closed-form solutions of the coupled-mode equation. The shift effect of reflection and transduction centers due to the asymmetric electrode structure is clarified. Experimental results are given for test devices fabricated on a 128 degrees YX LiNbO/sub 3/ substrate, and compared with the theory. The theoretical results are in good agreement with experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of the effects of MK-801, ketamine and memantine on responses of spinal dorsal horn neurones in a rat model of mononeuropathy (2001)

Selective ligation of the L5/L6 spinal nerves produces a partial denervation of the hindpaw and has proved to be a useful model for studying the mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain. Two weeks after surgery, in vivo electrophysiological studies were performed in sham operated and nerve injured rats and the responses of spinal dorsal horn neurones to controlled electrical and natural (mechanical and heat) stimuli were recorded. The systemic effects of three N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) antagonists, ketamine (1-10 mg/kg), memantine (1-20 mg/kg) and MK-801 (0.1-5 mg/kg) were compared. Ketamine a clinically available NMDA receptor antagonist, produced greater reductions of the postdischarge, thermal (10 mg/kg, P=0.02), and mechanical evoked responses in spinal nerve ligated (SNL) rats (von Frey 9 g, 1 mg/kg, P=0.04; 5 mg/kg, P=0.01; 10 mg/kg, P=0.05; von Frey 50 g, 5 mg/kg, P=0.02; 10 mg/kg, P=0.003). The inhibition of wind-up was comparable in both animal groups. Memantine produced powerful inhibitions of wind-up after nerve injury with little effect in sham controls (5 mg/kg, P=0.02). The postdischarge, mechanical and thermal evoked responses were reduced to similar extents by memantine in both experimental groups. The effects of MK-801 were comparable between SNL and sham operated rats for all neuronal measures (wind-up, postdischarge, thermal and noxious mechanical evoked responses). The differential blocking abilities of these antagonists on the various neuronal responses may relate to the characteristics of their voltage-dependent blockage of the channel associated with the receptor. The favourable side effect profile of memantine supports its potential use for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
How to measure insulin sensitivity (1998)

Insulin resistance is common in the general population and tends to cluster with glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia and high blood pressure. The importance of the insulin-resistant phenotype for the assessment of cardiovascular risk and response to intervention is increasingly being recognized. Therefore, there is a need for an accurate and reproducible method for measuring insulin resistance in vivo. The euglycaemic insulin clamp is currently the best available standard technique. It provides steady-state measures of insulin action and is easily combined with a number of other investigative methods (tracer dilution, limb catheterization, indirect calorimetry, positron emission tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance scans). Whereas homeostatic model assessment uses fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations to derive indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion from a mathematical model, other techniques are based on the exogenous infusion of glucose or insulin, or both, either under steady-state (the insulin suppression test) or under dynamic conditions (insulin tolerance test, intravenous glucose-tolerance test with minimal model analysis, and constant infusion of glucose with model assessment). This article recalls the principles of insulin action, with special reference to the concept of clearance and the equivalence of different approaches to estimating this function. Merits and disadvantages of the various techniques are then concisely reviewed, with emphasis on their relative feasibilities and reliabilities. Recent developments and future trends are mentioned. Criteria for choice and some reference data are given to aid the clinical investigator.
Discourse chunking and its application to sentence compression (2005)

In this paper we consider the problem of analysing sentence-level discourse structure. We introduce discourse chunking (i.e., the identification of intra-sentential nucleus and satellite spans) as an alternative to full-scale discourse parsing. Our experiments show that the proposed modelling approach yields results comparable to state-of-the-art while exploiting knowledge-lean features and small amounts of discourse annotations. We also demonstrate how discourse chunking can be successfully applied to a sentence compression task.
Time Synchronization for Mobile Underwater Sensor Networks (2013)

Time synchronization is very crucial for the implementation of energy constricted underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN). The purpose of this paper is to present a time synchronization algorithm which is suitable to UWSN. Although several time synchronization protocols have been developed, most of them tend to break down when implemented on mobile underwater sensor networks. In this paper, we analyze the effect of node mobility, and propose a Mobile Counteracted Time Synchronization approach, called “Mc-Sync”, which is a novel time synchronization scheme for mobile underwater acoustic sensor networks. It makes use of two mobile reference nodes to counteract the effect of node mobility. We also analyze and design the optimized trajectories of the two mobile reference nodes in underwater environment. We show through analysis and simulation that Mc-Sync provides much better performance than existing schemes.
Interleukin 6 regulates metallothionein gene expression and zinc metabolism in hepatocyte monolayer cultures. (1990)

Attention has focused on the cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) as a major mediator of acute-phase protein synthesis in hepatocytes in response to infection and tissue injury. We have evaluated the effects of IL-6 and IL-1 alpha as well as extracellular zinc and glucocorticoid hormone on metallothionein gene expression and cellular zinc accumulation in rat hepatocyte monolayer cultures. Further, we have evaluated the teleological basis for cytokine mediation by examining cytoprotection from CCl4-induced damage. Incubation of hepatocytes with IL-6 led to concentration-dependent and time-dependent increases in metallothionein-1 and -2 mRNA and metallothionein protein. The level of each was increased within 3 hr after the addition of IL-6 at 10 ng/ml (10 hepatocyte-stimulating factor units/ml). Maximal increases in metallothionein mRNA and metallothionein protein were achieved after 12 hr and 36 hr, respectively. In contrast, IL-1 alpha concentrations as high as 20 ng/ml (1000 lymphocyte-activating factor units/ml) had no effect. Concomitant with the up-regulation of metallothionein gene expression, IL-6 also increased cellular zinc. Responses to IL-6 required the synthetic glucocorticoid hormone dexamethasone and were optimized by increased extracellular zinc. In addition, IL-6 with dexamethasone, dexamethasone alone, and increased extracellular zinc each reversed, in decreasing potency, the deleterious effects of CCl4 on hepatocyte viability as measured by cell protein and lactate dehydrogenase activity of the medium. Thus, IL-6 is a major cytokine mediator of metallothionein gene expression and zinc metabolism in hepatocytes and provides cytoprotection from CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity via a mode consistent with dependence upon increased cellular metallothionein synthesis and zinc accumulation.
Effect of global ischemia and reperfusion during ventricular fibrillation in myopathic human hearts (2009)

The effect of lack of global coronary perfusion on myocardial activation rate, wavebreak, and its temporal progression during human ventricular fibrillation (VF) is not known. We tested the hypothesis that global myocardial ischemia decreases activation rate and spatiotemporal organization during VF in myopathic human hearts, while increasing wavebreak, and that a short duration of reperfusion can restore these spatiotemporal changes to baseline levels. The electrograms were acquired during VF in a human Langendorff model using global mapping consisting of two 112-electrode arrays placed on the epicardium and endocardium simultaneously. We found that global myocardial ischemia results in slowing of the global activation rate (combined endo and epi), from 4.89+/-0.04 Hz. to 3.60+/-0.04 Hz. during the 200 s of global ischemia (no coronary flow) (P<0.01) in eight myopathic hearts. Two minutes of reperfusion contributed to reversal of the slowing with activation rate value increasing close to VF onset (4.72+/-0.04 Hz). In addition, during the period of ischemia, an activation rate gradient between the endocardium (3.76+/-0.06 Hz) and epicardium (3.45+/-0.06 Hz) was observed (P<0.01). There was a concomitant difference in wavebreak index (that provides a normalized parameterization of phase singularities) between the epicardium (11.29+/-2.7) and endocardium (3.25+/-2.7) during the 200 s of ischemia (P=0.02). The activation rate, gradient, and wavebreak changes were reversed by short duration (2 min) of reperfusion. Global myocardial ischemia of 3 min leads to complex spatiotemporal changes during VF in myopathic human hearts; these changes can be reversed by a short duration of reperfusion.
The Influence of Plasticizers in Hot‐Melt Extrusion (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Traditional Plasticizers Non-traditional Plasticizers Specialty Plasticizers Conclusions References