gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Industry and stakeholder perspectives on the social and ethical dimensions of radioactive waste management option (2012)

The long-term management of radioactive wastes raises significant ethical issues to potential host communities, future generations and the environment. Following successive failures to site a long-term radioactive waste management facility in the UK, in 2001 the Government set up the Managing Radioactive Waste Safely programme and in 2003 the Committee on Radioactive Waste Management (CoRWM), charged with the assessment of potential radioactive waste management options. CoRWM’s option assessment process integrated technical and scientific analysis of risks with social and ethical concerns, and public and stakeholder values. This paper documents the trialing of a Q-method approach to the study of social, ethical and governance issues in the choice of long-term radioactive waste management options. The analysis draws out seven distinct ‘discourses’ each focusing upon different concerns ranging from citizen-centred decision-making, non-anthropocentric and multinational governance, technocratic and utilitarian policy, anti-nuclear opposition, risk governance concerns, final geological disposal and long-term stewardship of facilities and nuclear materials. Though diverse in nature, discursive consensus emerges on the value of citizen-led input in the decision-making process, the necessary consideration of a broad range of ethical positions from a range of public actors, and the rejection of utilitarian and technocratic decision-making, whilst they remain divided on which actors to trust in communicating and governing scientific and risk information, and upon the value of multinational cooperation in waste transportation and governance. This study discusses the implications of these divergent discourses for future radioactive waste management activities and comments on the use of Q-method in drawing out multiple stakeholders’ values in environmental policy processes.
Curing chemistry of phenylethynyl-terminated imide oligomers: Synthesis of13C-labeled oligomers and solid-state NMR studies (2000)

4-(Phenylethynyl-α,β-13C)phthalic anhydride (PEPA) and 13C-labeled phenylethynyl-terminated imide (PETI) oligomers were synthesized, and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to determine the structure of cured oligomers. Solid-state 13C NMR spectra were collected before and after thermal curing. Using solid-state 13C NMR difference spectroscopy, several cure products were identified. The observed 13C NMR resonances were assigned to four different classes of cure products: aromatics, products from backbone addition (substituted stilbenes and tetraphenylethanes), polyenes, and cyclobutadiene cyclodimers. The effects of postcuring and oligomer chain length on the structure of the cured resins were examined. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 3486–3497, 2000
Alcohol dehydrogenases: a family of isozymes with differential functions. (1994)

Human alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are encoded by at least 7 genes, and comprise at least 5 Classes. The isozymes are differentially distributed in tissues, with most Classes exhibiting highest activity in liver. Class IV (mu or sigma) ADH exhibits high activity in stomach and cornea. Class I ADHs have a wide range of physiological substrates, in addition to ethanol, involving metabolism of the following: bile compounds; testosterone; neurotransmitters; congeners; retinol; peroxidic aldehydes; and mevalonate. Class II (pi) ADH is involved in peroxidic aldehyde, norepinephrine, mevalonate and congener metabolism, but apparently plays a minor role in ethanol oxidation. Class III (chi) ADH is inactive with ethanol under physiological conditions, but functions in formaldehyde and omega-hydroxy fatty acid metabolism. Class IV (mu or sigma) is apparently involved in first-pass metabolism of gastric ethanol and other dietary alcohols, and in peroxidic aldehyde metabolism.
Direct quantification of in vivo mutagenesis and carcinogenesis using duplex sequencing (2020)

The ability to accurately measure mutations is critical for basic research and identifying potential drug and chemical carcinogens. Current methods for in vivo quantification of mutagenesis are limited because they rely on transgenic rodent systems that are low-throughput, expensive, prolonged, and do not fully represent other species such as humans. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a conceptually attractive alternative for detecting mutations in the DNA of any organism; however, the limit of resolution for standard NGS is poor. Technical error rates (∼1 × 10<sup>-3</sup>) of NGS obscure the true abundance of somatic mutations, which can exist at per-nucleotide frequencies ≤1 × 10<sup>-7</sup> Using duplex sequencing, an extremely accurate error-corrected NGS (ecNGS) technology, we were able to detect mutations induced by three carcinogens in five tissues of two strains of mice within 31 d following exposure. We observed a strong correlation between mutation induction measured by duplex sequencing and the gold-standard transgenic rodent mutation assay. We identified exposure-specific mutation spectra of each compound through trinucleotide patterns of base substitution. We observed variation in mutation susceptibility by genomic region, as well as by DNA strand. We also identified a primordial marker of carcinogenesis in a cancer-predisposed strain of mice, as evidenced by clonal expansions of cells carrying an activated oncogene, less than a month after carcinogen exposure. These findings demonstrate that ecNGS is a powerful method for sensitively detecting and characterizing mutagenesis and the early clonal evolutionary hallmarks of carcinogenesis. Duplex sequencing can be broadly applied to basic mutational research, regulatory safety testing, and emerging clinical applications.
Broadband Multi-State Electronic Impedance Tuner for On-Wafer Noise Parameter Measurement (2002)

Novel multi-state impedance tuner for use in on-wafer noise-parameter measurement system is reported. It is based on just three commercial GaAs MMIC switches that connect into or out the circuit six delay sections composed of natural and artificial transmission lines, and thus provide 36 distinct impedances at each frequency. The tuner's broadband operation (50 - 2000 MHz) was provided by optimisation of the impedance distributions using the D-optimal criterion from the design of experiments (DOE). Measurement results confirm high impedance repeatability and noise performance of the tuner.
Rearrangeability of the Five-Stage Shuffle/Exchange Network for N = 8 (1987)

In this paper we prove the rearrangeubility of a multistage shuffle/exchange network with eight inputs and outputs consisting of five stages. A lower bound of ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 log_{2} N - 1</tex> ) stages for rearrangeability of a Shuffle/exchange network with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N = 2^{n}</tex> inputs and outputs is known; we show its sufficiency for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N = 8</tex> . We not only prove the rearrangeability, but also describe an algorithm for routing arbitrary permutations on the network and prove its correctness. In contrast to previous efforts to prove rearrangeability, which rely on topological equivalence to the Benes class of rearrangeable networks, our approach is based on first principles. We also show that two switches in the network are redundant. The results in this paper are useful for establishing an upper bound of ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3 log_{2} N - 4</tex> ) stages for rearrangeability of a multistage shuffle/exchange network with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N \geq 8</tex> , as demonstrated in [12].
Transgenic mice as a chemotherapeutic model for hepatitis B virus infection. (1998)

Many transgenic mice carrying either portions of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome, or the complete genome, have been developed as models because HBV does not infect any other organisms besides humans and chimpanzees to cause a productive infection and disease. Some of these models have been useful in evaluating chemotherapeutic agents such as interferon-alpha, interleukins-2 and -12, other cytokines and nucleoside analogues for efficacy against HBV. A recently developed transgenic mouse (Guidotti et al., Journal of Virology 69:6158-6169.) which supports the replication of high levels of infectious HBV, provides the opportunity to evaluate the effect of antiviral drugs on various portions of the HBV life cycle in the whole animal. Evaluation of lamivudine, zidovudine and interferon-alpha B/D (IFN-alpha) in this HBV transgenic mouse model are described. Lamivudine and IFN-alpha were highly efficacious in reducing serum HBV DNA. As might be predicted, zidovudine was not efficacious. IFN-alpha was more effective in reducing virus titres in male mice as compared to female mice. This gender difference was not due to lower ability of female mice to express the virus. One anticipates that as this high level HBV transgenic-expressing mouse becomes more fully developed as a chemotherapeutic model, questions about the efficacy of different agents, routes of administration, synergy of antiviral combinations and novel drug therapies will be answered.
Glial modulation of synaptic transmission in the retina (2004)

Glial modulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability in the mammalian retina is mediated by several mechanisms. Stimulation of glial cells evokes Ca(2+) waves, which propagate through the network of retinal astrocytes and Müller cells and result in the modulation of the activity of neighboring ganglion cells. Light-evoked spiking is enhanced in some ganglion cells and depressed in others. A facilitation or depression of light-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents is also seen in ganglion cells following glial stimulation. In addition, stimulation of glial cells evokes a sustained hyperpolarizing current in ganglion cells which is mediated by ATP release from Müller cells and activation of neuronal A(1) adenosine receptors. Recent studies reveal that light-evoked activity in retinal neurons results in an increase in the frequency of Ca(2+) transients in Müller cells. Thus, there is two-way communication between neurons and glial cells, suggesting that glia contribute to information processing in the retina.
New results in low bitrate audio coding using a combined harmonic-wavelet representation (2002)

In this paper, we propose a new combined harmonic-wavelet representation for audio where a harmonic analysis-synthesis scheme is used, first, to approximate each audio frame as a sum of several sinusoids. Then, the difference between the original signal and the reconstructed harmonic signal is analyzed using a wavelet filtering scheme. After each step (harmonic analysis and wavelet filtering), parameters are quantized and encoded. Compared to previously proposed methods, our audio coder uses different harmonic analysis-synthesis and wavelet filtering schemes. We use the total least squares (TLS)-prony algorithm for the harmonic analysis-scheme, and an M-band wavelet transform for analyzing the residual. Altogether, our proposed coder is capable of delivering excellent audio signal quality at encoder bitrates of 60-70 kb/s.
ChemInform Abstract: HOLE INJECTION REACTIONS AND THE POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION AT THE P‐TYPE GALLIUM ARSENIDE/ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE UNDER ANODIC POLARIZATION (1984)

Abstract Aus einer Untersuchung der Kinetik der Löcherinjektion von oxidierenden Agentien in Lösung in das Valenzband des p‐GaAs (cyclisch voltammetrische und Potentialsprungmessungen) geht hervor, daß sich das Helmholtz‐Potential der Elektrode bei Potentialen nahe dem Flachbandwert signifikant ändert.
Inversion of reflection traveltimes and amplitudes (1987)

Abstract A Bayesian nonlinear inversion scheme is used to invert traveltime and amplitude data from supercritical reflections. Reflection amplitudes are determined using a spherical-wave model, where the amplitude of a reflected spherical wave is given by a Sommerfeld integral. This integral is evaluated numerically by integrating over a contour in the complex plane. The spherical-wave model differs from plane-wave models in the regions around the critical points for P and S refraction. In these regions, the spherical-wave amplitudes are sensitive to frequency with a dependance on the ratio H/lambda , between the reflector depth H and the seismic wavelength lambda . The accuracies of the inversion scheme and the spherical reflection model are tested using control data from the University of Houston physical-model tank. The solution obtained by inversion agrees with the known solution to within 3 percent for all parameters and the amplitudes predicted by the spherical-wave model agree remarkably well with the observed data.
DOCK2 Is Required in T Cell Precursors for Development of Vα14 NK T Cells (2006)

Mouse CD1d-restricted Valpha14 NKT cells are a unique subset of lymphocytes, which play important roles in immune regulation, tumor surveillance and host defense against pathogens. DOCK2, a mammalian homolog of Caenorhabditis elegans CED-5 and Drosophila melanogaster myoblast city, is critical for lymphocyte migration and regulates T cell responsiveness through immunological synapse formation, yet its role in Valpha14 NKT cells remains unknown. We found that DOCK2 deficiency causes marked reduction of Valpha14 NKT cells in the thymus, liver, and spleen. When alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), a ligand for Valpha14 NKT cells, was administrated, cytokine production was scarcely detected in DOCK2-deficient mice, suggesting that DOCK2 deficiency primarily affects generation of Valpha14 NKT cells. Supporting this idea, staining with CD1d/alpha-GalCer tetramers revealed that CD44- NK1.1- Valpha14 NKT cell precursors are severely reduced in the thymuses of DOCK2-deficient mice. In addition, studies using bone marrow chimeras indicated that development of Valpha14 NKT cells requires DOCK2 expression in T cell precursors, but not in APCs. These results indicate that DOCK2 is required for positive selection of Valpha14 NKT cells in a cell-autonomous manner, thereby suggesting that avidity-based selection also governs development of this unique subset of lymphocytes in the thymus.
In-flight positional and energy use data set of a DJI Matrice 100 quadcopter for small package delivery (2021)

We autonomously directed a small quadcopter package delivery Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or "drone" to take off, fly a specified route, and land for a total of 209 flights while varying a set of operational parameters. The vehicle was equipped with onboard sensors, including GPS, IMU, voltage and current sensors, and an ultrasonic anemometer, to collect high-resolution data on the inertial states, wind speed, and power consumption. Operational parameters, such as commanded ground speed, payload, and cruise altitude, were varied for each flight. This large data set has a total flight time of 10 hours and 45 minutes and was collected from April to October of 2019 covering a total distance of approximately 65 kilometers. The data collected were validated by comparing flights with similar operational parameters. We believe these data will be of great interest to the research and industrial communities, who can use the data to improve UAV designs, safety, and energy efficiency, as well as advance the physical understanding of in-flight operations for package delivery drones.
Lip Augmentation for Correction of Thin Lips (1993)

Lip augmentation using a specially designed double V-Y advancement flap has been performed on eight patients, and a total of 14 lips were done. The results in the patients who are now over 1 year postoperative are encouraging as a permanent solution to augment thin lips. Relatively long postoperative swelling and stiffness have been a drawback and require careful patient selection.
Vibrational dynamics of force microscopy: Effect of tip dimensions (1997)

The dynamics of a vibrating cantilever with an attached tip in contact with a solid is treated analytically. The tip length is shown to be crucial in determining the resonant response. The finite tip size changes the boundary conditions for the flexural motion, rendering the cantilever-tip-sample combination more rigid and implicating both the normal and lateral stiffnesses of the sample in the analysis. This is confirmed in an experiment with a silica sample, a sapphire tip, and a silicon cantilever. The theory has implications in the field of quantitative analysis with atomic ac force microscopy.
A Cell‐Permeable Ester Derivative of the JmjC Histone Demethylase Inhibitor IOX1 (2014)

The 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent Jumonji C domain (JmjC) family is the largest family of histone lysine demethylases. There is interest in developing small-molecule probes that modulate JmjC activity to investigate their biological roles. 5-Carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline (IOX1) is the most potent broad-spectrum inhibitor of 2OG oxygenases, including the JmjC demethylases, reported to date; however, it suffers from low cell permeability. Here, we describe structure-activity relationship studies leading to the discovery of an n-octyl ester form of IOX1 with improved cellular potency (EC50 value of 100 to 4 μM). These findings are supported by in vitro inhibition and selectivity studies, docking studies, activity versus toxicity analysis in cell cultures, and intracellular uptake measurements. The n-octyl ester was found to have improved cell permeability; it was found to inhibit some JmjC demethylases in its intact ester form and to be more selective than IOX1. The n-octyl ester of IOX1 should find utility as a starting point for the development of JmjC inhibitors and as a use as a cell-permeable tool compound for studies investigating the roles of 2OG oxygenases in epigenetic regulation.
Differential-geometric methods for control of electric motors (1998)

The differential-geometric techniques of nonlinear control developed over the last 20 years or so include static and dynamic feedback linearization, input–output linearization, nonlinear state observers and disturbance decoupling. The theory has now reached a level of maturity where control practicioners are making effective use of the techniques for electric motors. Indeed, DC and AC motors have well-defined nonlinear mathematical models which often satisfy the structural conditions required of the differential-geometric theory. In this paper, the application of various differential-geometric methods of nonlinear control is shown by way of examples including DC motors (series, shunt and separately excited), induction motors, synchronous motors and DC–DC converters. A number of contributions are surveyed which show the benefits of the methods for the design of global control laws by systematic means. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specific abnormalities in a visual motor psychological test in short children with abnormal growth hormone secretion (1997)

Forty short (< -2 SD) prepubertal children with no organic disease underwent two growth hormone (GH)-stimulation tests, a sleep test and a psychological assessment based on the Rey-Osterrieth figure that was scored for boundary-type errors (defined as non-developmental severe distortions or disrespect of boundaries) by a psychologist who had not met the child. Twenty-three children had normal endocrinological findings and 17 had abnormal GH secretion (4 with complete GH deficiency and 13 with normal GH response to pharmacological stimuli but abnormal nocturnal secretion). Seventeen children had normal results in the Rey-Osterrieth figure test and 23 made boundary-type errors. The biological and psychological analyses agreed in 32 cases, leading to a very significant (p < 0.0005) relation. This study reveals that short children with abnormal GH secretion, particularly low nocturnal secretion, show abnormalities independent of their developmental quotient in a visual motor psychological test.
Understanding hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis: lessons from genetically modified apoe and ldlr mice (2005)

Hyperlipidemia is the most important risk factor for atherosclerosis, which is the major cause of cardiovascular disease. The etiology of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis is complex and governed by multiple interacting genes. However, mutations in two genes have been shown to be directly involved, i.e., the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Genetically modified mouse models have been instrumental in elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms in lipid metabolism. In this review, we focus on the use of two of the most widely used mouse models, ApoE- and LDLR-deficient mice. After almost a decade of applications, it is clear that each model has unique strengths and drawbacks when carrying out studies of the role of additional genes and environmental factors such as nutrition and lipid-lowering drugs. Importantly, we elaborate on mice expressing mutant forms of APOE, including the APOE3Leiden ( APOE3L ) and the APOE2 knock-in ( APOE 2k) mouse models. These models have outstanding potential, as they are highly responsive to dietary factors and pharmacological interventions.
Poliovirus protein 2C has ATPase and GTPase activities. (1993)

Poliovirus protein 2C belongs to an expanding group of proteins containing a nucleotide binding motif in their sequence. We present evidence that poliovirus 2C has nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) activity and binds to RNA. Poliovirus 2C was expressed in Escherichia coli cells as a fusion protein with the maltose binding protein (MBP). The fusion protein MBP-2C is efficiently cut by protease Xa within the 2C region. Thus, the fusion protein as such was used to assay for the putative activities of poliovirus 2C. Deletion mutants were constructed which lacked different portions of the 2C carboxyl terminus: mutant 2C delta 1 lacked the last 169 amino acids, whereas mutant 2C delta 2 had the last 74 amino acids deleted. The fusion proteins MBP-2C, MBP-2BC, and the mutant MBP-2C delta 2 that contained the first 255 amino acids of 2C had NTPase activity. Both ATPase and GTPase activities are inhibited by antibodies directed against the MBP-2C protein. Analysis of the ability of the different proteins to bind to labeled RNA indicates that MBP-2C and MBP-2BC form a complex, whereas none of the mutants interacted with RNA, indicating that the RNA binding domain lies beyond amino acid 255. None of the fusion proteins had detectable helicase activity. We suggest that poliovirus protein 2C shows similarities to the GTPases group involved in vesicular traffic and transports the viral RNA replication complexes. These results provide the first experimental evidence that poliovirus protein 2C is an NTPase and that this protein has affinity for nucleic acids.
C3I systems analysis using the distributed interactive C3I effectiveness (DICE) simulation (2002)

The Distributed Interactive C3I Effectiveness (DICE) simulation was developed to assist effectiveness studies of command, control, communication and intelligence systems. The simulation has general-purpose applicability and consists of artificial agents which complement optional human players, and a means of interfacing to battlefield simulations and other models that represent the tactical environment. This paper gives an overview of the simulation through the use of an example air defence application typified by the sensing of activity; the formation and conveyance of an 'air picture'; decision making; actions; and response.