gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Free-volume distributions of polystyrene probed by positron annihilation: comparison with free-volume theories (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree-volume distributions of polystyrene probed by positron annihilation: comparison with free-volume theoriesJ. Liu, Q. Deng, and Y. C. JeanCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 26, 7149–7155Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00078a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00078a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views918Altmetric-Citations170LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
97. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Part XXXI. Some nitrogenous analogues of chrysene, pyrene and 3 : 4-benzphenanthrene (1945)

J. W. Cook and W. H. S. Thomson, J. Chem. Soc., 1945, 395 DOI: 10.1039/JR9450000395
Iron‐Catalyzed Chemoselective <i>ortho</i> Arylation of Aryl Imines by Directed CH Bond Activation (2009)

No Fe-ar: Iron catalyzes an imine-directed C-H bond activation to introduce an ortho-aryl group to an acetophenone-derived imine using a diarylzinc reagent (see scheme), whereas palladium catalyzes the conventional substitution reaction . The title reaction features mild and selective C-H bond activation in the presence of aryl bromide, chloride, or sulfonate groups, and 1,2-dichloroisobutane is essential to achieve such selectivity.
Evaluating Streaming Strategies for Event Processing Across Infrastructure Clouds (2014)

Infrastructure clouds revolutionized the way in which we approach resource procurement by providing an easy way to lease compute and storage resources on short notice, for a short amount of time, and on a pay-as-you-go basis. This new opportunity, however, introduces new performance trade-offs. Making the right choices in leveraging different types of storage available in the cloud is particularly important for applications that depend on managing large amounts of data within and across clouds. An increasing number of such applications conform to a pattern in which data processing relies on streaming the data to a compute platform where a set of similar operations is repeatedly applied to independent chunks of data. This pattern is evident in virtual observatories such as the Ocean Observatory Initiative, in cases when new data is evaluated against existing features in geospatial computations or when experimental data is processed as a series of time events. In this paper, we propose two strategies for efficiently implementing such streaming in the cloud and evaluate them in the context of an ATLAS application processing experimental data. Our results show that choosing the right cloud configuration can improve overall application performance by as much as three times.
NANOSTRUCTURES AND ENERGY CONVERSION (2003)

The unique properties of nanostructures associated with their low dimensionality give rise to new opportunities for re-search on nanoscale heat transfer and energy conversion. In-spired by Majumdar’s analysis of the novel aspects of heat, mass, and charge flow across the interface between hard and soft ma-terials, some perspectives about research frontiers in nanoscale heat transfer and energy conversion are provided.
Simultaneous multiplexed quantification of nicotine and its metabolites using surface enhanced Raman scattering (2014)

The detection and quantification of xenobiotics and their metabolites in man is important for drug dosing, therapy and for substance abuse monitoring where longer-lived metabolic products from illicit materials can be assayed after the drug of abuse has been cleared from the system. Raman spectroscopy offers unique specificity for molecular characterization and this usually weak signal can be significantly enhanced using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We report here the novel development of SERS with chemometrics for the simultaneous analysis of the drug nicotine and its major xenometabolites cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine. Initial experiments optimized the SERS conditions and we found that when these three determinands were analysed individually that the maximum SERS signals were found at three different pH. These were pH 3 for nicotine and pH 10 and 11 for cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, respectively. Tertiary mixtures containing nicotine, cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine were generated in the concentration range 10(-7)-10(-5) M and SERS spectra were collected at all three pH values. Chemometric analysis using kernel-partial least squares (K-PLS) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were conducted and these models were validated using bootstrap resampling. All three analytes were accurately quantified with typical root mean squared error of prediction on the test set data being 5-9%; nicotine was most accurately predicted followed by cotinine and then trans-3'-hydroxycotinine. We believe that SERS is a powerful approach for the simultaneous analysis of multiple determinands without recourse to lengthy chromatography, as demonstrated here for the xenobiotic nicotine and its two major xenometabolites.
ORIGAMI: A Novel and Effective Approach for Mining Representative Orthogonal Graph Patterns (2008)

Abstract In this paper, we introduce the concept of α‐orthogonal patterns to mine a representative set of graph patterns. Intuitively, two graph patterns are α‐orthogonal if their similarity is bounded above by α. Each α‐orthogonal pattern is also a representative for those patterns that are at least β similar to it. Given user defined α, β ∈ [0, 1], the goal is to mine an α‐orthogonal, β‐representative set that minimizes the set of unrepresented patterns. We present ORIGAMI , an effective algorithm for mining the set of representative orthogonal patterns. ORIGAMI first uses a randomized algorithm to randomly traverse the pattern space, seeking previously unexplored regions, to return a set of maximal patterns. ORIGAMI then extracts an α‐orthogonal, β‐representative set from the mined maximal patterns. We show the effectiveness of our algorithm on a number of real and synthetic datasets. In particular, we show that our method is able to extract high‐quality patterns even in cases where existing enumerative graph mining methods fail to do so. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company Statistical Analy Data Mining 1: 000‐000, 2008
IDS for detecting malicious non-executable files using dynamic analysis (2013)

Attackers are increasingly relying on non-executable files to launch their attacks. Anti-virus solutions can detect a high percentage of malicious files but usually cannot reach and maintain a 100% detection rate. We propose a file-level IDS that relies on automated dynamic analysis system (sandbox) to detect malicious PDF files. We achieved a 99.2% detection rate, where the rates of both the false positives and the false negatives are less than 1%. Because it does not rely on anti-virus signatures, this solution can detect malicious documents that utilize malware not covered by the anti-virus database.
Inhibitory effect of melatonin on GnRH-induced LH release (1999)

Melatonin inhibits GnRH-induced release of LH and FSH from the neonatal, but not the adult, rat anterior pituitary gland. This action of melatonin is mediated by the specific high-affinity membrane-bound receptors that are absent in adult rats. The intracellular mechanism of melatonin action involves a decrease in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i in the gonadotrophs; melatonin inhibits GnRH-induced Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum as well as Ca2+ influx through voltage-sensitive channels. Melatonin also inhibits GnRH-induced accumulation of cAMP, which may result in the decreased influx of Ca2+, because cAMP, acting through protein kinase A, stimulates Ca2+ influx into the gonadotrophs. This age-dependent effect of melatonin on gonadotrophin release from the pituitary may be involved in the timing of puberty.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia — On the Wings of IKAROS (2009)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with an immature B-cell immunophenotype (B-cell–progenitor ALL) is a common cancer in children and adolescents, and it also occurs in adults. Cure rates of B-cell–progenitor ALL among children are very high, but they are not as high among adults. Approximately one fifth of children with B-cell–progenitor ALL have recurring disease, which is difficult to treat. Thus, this form of ALL varies with respect to the potential for relapse and resistance to chemotherapy.It is generally accepted that B-cell–progenitor ALL originates in B-cell–restricted progenitors that have accumulated critical genetic lesions. Cytogenetic studies of B-cell–progenitor ALL have revealed . . .
On Communications and Networks (1976)

Data communications has come of age. In this paper, we highlight some of the principal events that led up to the revolution in communications among information processing systems. Perhaps the most important event was the technological development of packet switching in the form of the ARPANET. We devote most of this presentation to a brief summary of the ARPANET experience, emphasizing the description, functions, analysis, design and performance measurement of packet-switching networks. We also discuss some recent advances in radio packet switching for long-haul (i.e., satellite) and terminal-access communications.
SQUID Instruments and Applications (2005)

1.1 SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 3 1.2 MEISSNER EFFECT 4 1.3 FLUX QUANTIZATION 5 1.4 THE JOSEPHSON EFFECT 5 1.5 SUPERCONDUCTING QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICES 7
Surface representations of two- and three-dimensional fluid flow topology (1990)

We discuss our work using critical point analysis to generate representations of the vector field topology of numerical flow data sets. Critical points are located and characterized in a two-dimensional domain, which may be either a two-dimensional flow field or the tangential velocity field near a three-dimensional body. Tangent curves are then integrated out along the principal directions of certain classes of critical points. The points and curves are linked to form a skeleton representing the two-dimensional vector field topology.When generated from the tangential velocity field near a body in a three-dimensional flow, the skeleton includes the critical points and curves which provide a basis for analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the flow separation. The points along the separation curves in the skeleton are used to start tangent curve integrations to generate surfaces representing the topology of the associated flow separations.
High-efficiency drives using permanent-magnet motors (2002)

The concern for energy conservation opens up a very large market for adjustable speed drives of medium to large rating. This paper advocates the increased use of neodymium-based permanent magnet motors in these drives based on their potential for a higher efficiency than can be achieved with induction motors. Typically, it is estimated that the losses of the permanent magnet motor can be made less than 60% of those of an induction motor of the same frame size. The result is a saving in electric energy costs which may compensate for the higher initial cost of the motor in less than a year of operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanical properties and Young's modulus of plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite coating on Ti substrate in simulated body fluid (2003)

This study evaluated the Young's modulus, residual stress and strain, bonding strength, and microstructure of the plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coating (HAC) on Ti6Al4V substrate with and without immersion in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS). The purpose was to explore the possible correlation of HAC durability and mechanical properties of the coating. The results show that the residual stress and strain, Young's modulus, and bonding strength of the HAC after immersion in HBSS are substantially decreased. The decayed Young's modulus and mechanical properties of HACs are accounted for by the degraded interlamellar or cohesive bonding in the coating due to the increased porosity after immersion that weakens the bonding strength of coating and substrate system. The biologic implications of the research are discussed in detail. This study contributes to the arguments that the method to alleviate the dissolution of HAC will increase the bonding strength of the coating system after immersion, which together with the controlled residual stress and strain in the coating might promote the long-term stability of the HA-coated implant.
Apoptotic neutrophils are phagocytosed by fibroblasts with participation of the fibroblast vitronectin receptor and involvement of a mannose/fucose-specific lectin. (1994)

The fate of neutrophils (PMNs) at sites of inflammation is important to our understanding of many disease processes. Previously, it had been widely assumed that extravasated PMNs inevitably disintegrated before their fragments were removed by local phagocytes, but we have recently described an alternative process whereby senescent PMNs undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death). This process leads to macrophage (Mphi) ingestion of the intact cell by a novel phagocytic recognition process. In this study, we show that monolayers of fibroblasts also can selectively phagocytose apoptotic PMNs and that the recognition of apoptotic PMNs by fibroblasts involves two distinct mechanisms: one uses the vitronectin receptor, as in Mphi ingestion of PMNs; the other uses a mannose/fucose-specific lectin, which plays no part in Mphi phagocytosis of apoptotic PMNs. The direct interactions between PMNs and fibroblasts demonstrated herein may have implications for our understanding of the relationship between inflammation and scarring in many diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity of the Mannich Reaction on Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Nucleosides Related to 7‐Deaza‐2′‐deoxyadenosine or 7‐Deaza‐2′‐deoxyguanosine. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Learning more effective dialogue strategies using limited dialogue move features (2006)

We explore the use of restricted dialogue contexts in reinforcement learning (RL) of effective dialogue strategies for information seeking spoken dialogue systems (e.g. COMMUNICATOR (Walker et al., 2001)). The contexts we use are richer than previous research in this area, e.g. (Levin and Pieraccini, 1997; Scheffler and Young, 2001; Singh et al., 2002; Pietquin, 2004), which use only slot-based information, but are much less complex than the full dialogue "Information States" explored in (Henderson et al., 2005), for which tractabe learning is an issue. We explore how incrementally adding richer features allows learning of more effective dialogue strategies. We use 2 user simulations learned from COMMUNICATOR data (Walker et al., 2001; Georgila et al., 2005b) to explore the effects of different features on learned dialogue strategies. Our results show that adding the dialogue moves of the last system and user turns increases the average reward of the automatically learned strategies by 65.9% over the original (hand-coded) COMMUNICATOR systems, and by 7.8% over a baseline RL policy that uses only slot-status features. We show that the learned strategies exhibit an emergent "focus switching" strategy and effective use of the 'give help' action.
Static test compaction for IDDQ testing of sequential circuits (2002)

This paper presents a static test compaction method for IDDQ testing of sequential circuits. Target faults are bridging faults between arbitrary pair of nodes including internal nodes, signal lines, VDD and GND. In the proposed method, test subsequences are removed and replaced with shorter subsequences.
Influence of Azimuth Anchoring on Bistable Properties of Bistable Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells (2002)

A theoretical expression for a range of the d/P0 ratio in which two distinct states exist in the equilibrium condition has been derived as a function of Asa0d/K, where Asa0 is the azimuthal anchoring energy, K the elastic constant and d the cell thickness. An expression for the lower limit of azimuthal anchoring energy exhibiting two distinct states has been derived. Theoretical calculations have been performed on the bi-stable energy curve which has two minimal energy levels corresponding to bi-stable states. It has been shown that the energy barrier between the two states mainly originates from the azimuthal anchoring energy and the height of the energy barrier is affected by the d/P0 ratio and cell thickness.
One-class classifier networks for target recognition applications (1993)

Target recognition requires the ability to distinguish targets from non-targets, a capability called one-class generalization. Many neural network pattern classifiers fail as one-class classifiers because they use open decision boundaries. To function as one-class classifier, a neural network must have three types of generalization: within-class, between-class, and out-of-class. We discuss these three types of generalization and identify neural network architectures that meet these requirements. We have applied our one-class classifier ideas to the problem of automatic target recognition in synthetic aperture radar. We have compared three neural network algorithms: Carpenter and Grossberg`s algorithmic version of the Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART-2A), Kohonen`s Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), and Reilly and Cooper`s Restricted Coulomb Energy network (RCE). The ART 2-A neural network gives the best results, with 100% within-class, between-class, and out-of-class generalization. Experiments show that the network`s performance is sensitive to vigilance and number of training set presentations.
Data Mining for Internet of Things: A Survey (2014)

It sounds like mission impossible to connect everything on the Earth together via Internet, but Internet of Things (IoT) will dramatically change our life in the foreseeable future, by making many "impossibles" possible. To many, the massive data generated or captured by IoT are considered having highly useful and valuable information. Data mining will no doubt play a critical role in making this kind of system smart enough to provide more convenient services and environments. This paper begins with a discussion of the IoT. Then, a brief review of the features of "data from IoT" and "data mining for IoT' is given. Finally, changes, potentials, open issues, and future trends of this field are addressed.
Thermodynamics of Micelle Formation of the Counterion Coupled Gemini Surfactant Bis(4-(2-dodecyl)benzenesulfonate)-Jeffamine Salt and Its Dynamic Adsorption on Sandstone (2008)

A novel counterion-coupled gemini (cocogem) surfactant, DBSJ, was synthetized via the 2:1 coupling reaction between 4-(2-dodecyl)benzenesulfonic acid (Lutensit A-LBS) and polypropyleneglycol-bis(2-aminopropyl) ether (Jeffamine D230). The surfactant had a polydispersity index of Mw/Mn = 1.04, as determined by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. The micellar properties of DBSJ in water were investigated in the temperature range 283-348 K by conductometry and titration microcalorimetry. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the cocogem was found to be more than 1 order of magnitude less than that of monomeric sodium 4-(2-dodecyl)benzenesulfonate (SDBS). The mean degree of dissociation in the temperature range studied proved to be alpha = 0.39. The calorimetric enthalpies of micelle formation agreed well with the enthalpies calculated via the van't Hoff relation. The cmc versus T curve passes through a minimum just below room temperature, after which the micelle formation changes from endothermic to exothermic. The Gibbs free energy of micelle formation was nearly constant as the temperature was increased, due to enthalpy/entropy compensation. The isotherm for DBSJ adsorption from aqueous solution onto sandstone was determined by continuous flow frontal analysis solid/liquid chromatography at 298 K and 60 bar. The adsorption of DBSJ on sandstone followed an S-type isotherm. Surface aggregation occurred over an extended range of concentration. Surface saturation was reached at a solution concentration more than 1 order of magnitude less than for monomeric SDBS. This finding is a point of concern in the chemical flooding of oil reservoir rocks to enhance oil recovery.
Fluidized bed drying of solids (1990)

Abstract A kinetic model is developed for the drying of solids in fluidized beds, assuming a falling rate period following a constant rate period. Experimental data obtained using batch and continuous single and spiral fluidized beds are satisfactorily matched with the assumed drying kinetics and the residence time distribution of solids appropriate for the type of dryer.
Fitness landscape of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein that is targeted by antibodies (2018)

HIV is a highly mutable virus, and over 30 years after its discovery, a vaccine or cure is still not available. The isolation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from HIV-infected patients has led to renewed hope for a prophylactic vaccine capable of combating the scourge of HIV. A major challenge is the design of immunogens and vaccination protocols that can elicit bnAbs that target regions of the virus's spike proteins where the likelihood of mutational escape is low due to the high fitness cost of mutations. Related challenges include the choice of combinations of bnAbs for therapy. An accurate representation of viral fitness as a function of its protein sequences (a fitness landscape), with explicit accounting of the effects of coupling between mutations, could help address these challenges. We describe a computational approach that has allowed us to infer a fitness landscape for gp160, the HIV polyprotein that comprises the viral spike that is targeted by antibodies. We validate the inferred landscape through comparisons with experimental fitness measurements, and various other metrics. We show that an effective antibody that prevents immune escape must selectively bind to high escape cost residues that are surrounded by those where mutations incur a low fitness cost, motivating future applications of our landscape for immunogen design.