gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The First Total Synthesis of Bacterial Cell Wall Precursor UDP−<i>N</i>-Acetylmuramyl-Pentapeptide (Park Nucleotide) (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe First Total Synthesis of Bacterial Cell Wall Precursor UDP−N-Acetylmuramyl-Pentapeptide (Park Nucleotide)Stephen A. Hitchcock, Clark N. Eid, James A. Aikins, Mohammad Zia-Ebrahimi, and Larry C. BlaszczakView Author Information Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center Indianapolis Indiana 46285 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8, 1916–1917Publication Date (Web):March 4, 1998Publication History Received10 September 1997Published online4 March 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja973172dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja973172drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views911Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Antimicrobial agents,Cells,Free radicals,Phosphates,Precursors Get e-Alerts
High-Cost Patients in a Fee-for-Service Medical Plan (1990)

This article describes the high-cost and very high-cost patients in the fee-for-service medical plan of one of the nation's largest banks in terms of their demographics and medical plan expenses and utilization, within a single year and during a period of 4 consecutive years. High-cost patients ($5,000-25,000 annually) were dominated by older persons and women 20 to 39 years, while the very high-cost patients (at least $25,000) tended to be older men and infants of both genders. Very high-cost patients used 5 to 7 times more hospital patient days and visited with a physician on an outpatient basis twice as often as high-cost patients. In turn, the high-cost patients experienced 37 to 50 times as many patient days and twice as many outpatient visits as patients whose annual expenses were below $5,000. Longitudinal analyses suggested that while most of the high-cost patients are typically low-cost patients or nonusers of services who experience high-cost time spans, some of them suffer from more serious chronic health problems and are apt to become very high-cost patients. Focusing case-management interventions on this small subgroup of high-cost patients may prevent some very high-cost cases in the future.
COSY: An Energy-Efficient Hardware Architecture for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Based on Systolic Array (2017)

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) show extraordinary abilities in artificial intelligence applications, but their large scale of computation usually limits their uses on resource-constrained devices. For CNN's acceleration, exploiting the data reuse of CNNs is an effective way to reduce bandwidth and energy consumption. Row-stationary (RS) dataflow of Eyeriss is one of the most energy-efficient state-of-the-art hardware architectures, but has redundant storage usage and data access, so the data reuse has not been fully exploited. It also requires complex control and is intrinsically unable to skip over zero-valued inputs in timing. In this paper, we present COSY (CNN on Systolic Array), an energy-efficient hardware architecture based on the systolic array for CNNs. COSY adopts the method of systolic array to achieve the storage sharing between processing elements (PEs) in RS dataflow at the RF level, which reduces low-level energy consumption and on-chip storage. Multiple COSY arrays sharing the same storage can execute multiple 2-D convolutions in parallel, further increasing the data reuse in the low-level storage and improving throughput. To compare the energy consumption of COSY and Eyeriss running actual CNN models, we build a process-based energy consumption evaluation system according to the hardware storage hierarchy. The result shows that COSY can achieve an over 15% reduction in energy consumption under the same constraints, improving the theoretical Energy-Delay Product (EDP) and Energy-Delay Squared Product (ED <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> P) by 1.33× on average. In addition, we prove that COSY has the intrinsic ability for zero-skipping, which can further increase the improvements to 2.25× and 3.83× respectively.
Three-dimensional through wall imaging using an UWB SAR (2010)

A 3-D UWB SAR has been designed to detect the positions of the targets behind the wall and identify them as well. The beam scanning is based on the mechanical movement of the wideband Tx/Rx Vivaldi array. The system transceiver and 3-D microwave beamforming algorithm are introduced in details. An experiment is performed to recover the 3-D images of a human mock-up. The demonstrated 3-D imaging results have indicated the capability of accurately locating, tracking and identifying human beings behind the wall.
Targeted High-Resolution Ion Mobility Separation Coupled to Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry of Endocrine Disruptors in Complex Mixtures (2015)

Traditional separation and detection of targeted compounds from complex mixtures from environmental matrices requires the use of lengthy prefractionation steps and high-resolution mass analyzers due to the large number of chemical components and their large structural diversity (highly isomeric). In the present work, selected accumulation trapped ion mobility spectrometry (SA-TIMS) is coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) for direct separation and characterization of targeted endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDC) from a complex environmental matrix in a single analysis. In particular, targeted identification based on high-resolution mobility (R ∼ 70-120) and ultrahigh-resolution mass measurements (R > 400 000) of seven commonly targeted EDC and their isobars (e.g., bisphenol A, (Z)- and (E)-diethylstilbestrol, hexestrol, estrone, α-estradiol, and 17-ethynylestradiol) is shown from a complex mixture of water-soluble organic matter (e.g., Suwannee River Fulvic Acid Standard II) complemented with reference standard measurements and theoretical calculations (<3% error).
Chemical Process Design and Integration (2005)

"Written by a highly regarded author with industrial and academic experience, this new edition of an established bestselling book provides practical guidance for students, researchers, and those in chemical engineering. The book includes a new section on sustainable energy, with sections on carbon capture and sequestration, as a result of increasing environmental awareness; and a companion website that includes problems, worked solutions, and Excel spreadsheets to enable students to carry out complex calculations"..
5G radio access above 6 GHz (2016)

Abstract Designing and developing a millimetre‐wave (mmWave)‐based mobile radio access technology (RAT) in the 6–100 GHz frequency range is a fundamental component in the standardisation of the new 5G radio interface, recently kicked off by 3rd Generation Partnership Project. Such component herein called the new mmWave RAT will not only enable extreme mobile broadband services but also support ultra‐high definition/three‐dimensional streaming, offer immersive applications and ultra‐responsive cloud services to provide an outstanding quality of experience to the mobile users. The main objective of this paper is to develop the network architectural elements and functions that will enable tight integration of mmWave technology into the overall 5G radio access network. A broad range of topics addressing mobile architecture and network functionalities will be covered–starting with the architectural facets of network slicing, multi‐connectivity and cells clustering, to more functional elements of initial access, mobility, radio resource management and self‐backhauling. The intention of the concepts presented here is to lay foundation for future studies towards the first commercial implementation of the mmWave RAT above 6 GHz. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High α-linolenic acid flaxseed (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i>):some nutritional properties in humans (1993)

Although high alpha-linolenic acid flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) is one of the richest dietary sources of alpha-linolenic acid and is also a good source of soluble fibre mucilage, it is relatively unstudied in human nutrition. Healthy female volunteers consumed 50 g ground, raw flaxseed/d for 4 weeks which provided 12-13% of energy intake (24-25 g/100 g total fat). Flaxseed raised alpha-linolenic acid and long-chain n-3 fatty acids in both plasma and erythrocyte lipids, as well as raising urinary thiocyanate excretion 2.2-fold. Flaxseed also lowered serum total cholesterol by 9% and low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol by 18%. Changes in plasma alpha-linolenic acid were equivalent when 12 g alpha-linolenic acid/d was provided as raw flaxseed flour (50 g/d) or flaxseed oil (20 g/d) suggesting high bioavailability of alpha-linolenic acid from ground flaxseed. Test meals containing 50 g carbohydrate from flaxseed or 25 g flaxseed mucilage each significantly decreased postprandial blood glucose responses by 27%. Malondialdehyde levels in muffins containing 15 g flaxseed oil or flour/kg were similar to those in wheat-flour muffins. Cyanogenic glycosides (linamarin, linustatin, neolinustatin) were highest in extracted flaxseed mucilage but were not detected in baked muffins containing 150 g flaxseed/kg. We conclude that up to 50 g high-alpha-linolenic acid flaxseed/d is palatable, safe and may be nutritionally beneficial in humans by raising n-3 fatty acids in plasma and erythrocytes and by decreasing postprandial glucose responses.
The just and the lively: the literary criticism of John Dryden (1999)

Part I Themes and variations: the ends of criticism from theory to pratice (1664). Part II First principles: a French play (1665-1668) the new imbalance (1667-1668) a charter of freedom (1668-1670) varieties of comic experience (1671) the heroic play (1672) the heroic play (concluded) sweeping of the stakes (1672). Part III New directions: the classical moment (1673-1679) the great tradition (1680-1700) the battle of the books (1680-1700) a critic and scholar (1680-1700) the modern temper (1693-1700). Part IV A summing up: evaluations.
High sensitivity optical image processing device based on CdZnTe/ZnTe multiple quantum well structures (1991)

We present results on the operation of a high sensitivity semi-insulating multiple quantum well device for optical image processing. This device operates in the visible spectrum using II-VI CdZnTe/ZnTe multiple quantum well structures. Incident light creates charge carriers that screen an applied ac electric field modulating the absorption and refractive index of the structure through the quantum confined Stark effect. In this way, an incident intensity pattern is recorded as an absorption and refractive index variation. The semi-insulating nature of the material eliminates the need for pixelation. In a wave-mixing experiment, a peak diffraction efficiency of 0.25% was observed from 2.25 μm active layer of the device. Two-beam-coupling gain coefficients of ∼500 cm−1 at wavelengths longer than the exciton absorption peak should be possible.
LoWMob: Intra-PAN Mobility Support Schemes for 6LoWPAN (2009)

Mobility in 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low Power Personal Area Networks) is being utilized in realizing many applications where sensor nodes, while moving, sense and transmit the gathered data to a monitoring server. By employing IEEE802.15.4 as a baseline for the link layer technology, 6LoWPAN implies low data rate and low power consumption with periodic sleep and wakeups for sensor nodes, without requiring them to incorporate complex hardware. Also enabling sensor nodes with IPv6 ensures that the sensor data can be accessed anytime and anywhere from the world. Several existing mobility-related schemes like HMIPv6, MIPv6, HAWAII, and Cellular IP require active participation of mobile nodes in the mobility signaling, thus leading to the mobility-related changes in the protocol stack of mobile nodes. In this paper, we present LoWMob, which is a network-based mobility scheme for mobile 6LoWPAN nodes in which the mobility of 6LoWPAN nodes is handled at the network-side. LoWMob ensures multi-hop communication between gateways and mobile nodes with the help of the static nodes within a 6LoWPAN. In order to reduce the signaling overhead of static nodes for supporting mobile nodes, LoWMob proposes a mobility support packet format at the adaptation layer of 6LoWPAN. Also we present a distributed version of LoWMob, named as DLoWMob (or Distributed LoWMob), which employs Mobility Support Points (MSPs) to distribute the traffic concentration at the gateways and to optimize the multi-hop routing path between source and destination nodes in a 6LoWPAN. Moreover, we have also discussed the security considerations for our proposed mobility schemes. The performance of our proposed schemes is evaluated in terms of mobility signaling costs, end-to-end delay, and packet success ratio.
Isolated silicon platforms for high current power management integrated circuit applications (2011)

We describe modular voltage and current isolation schemes in a Power Management Integrated Circuit (PMIC) silicon platform. The isolation reduces the power dissipation during switching at the high side driver. It also suppresses the cross talk between power devices switching up to 60V at several Amps, and sensitive analog/digital circuitry on the same chip. Standard, buried layer and Isolated Drain isolation schemes allow a tradeoff between the isolation level and the process complexity of the platform. The different schemes allow a current suppression ratios of 10^-7 in the vicinity of the Power devices or better if guard rings are combined.
Time-varying spectral analysis revealing differential effects of sevoflurane anaesthesia: non-rhythmic-to-rhythmic ratio (2014)

Our findings suggest that NRR provides complementary information to BIS regarding the differential effects of anaesthetics on the brain, especially the subcortical motor activity.
Dark energy, co-evolution of massive black holes with galaxies, and ASTROD-GW (2011)

The detection of low frequency band (100 nHz-100 mHz) and very low frequency band (300 pHz-100 nHz) gravitational waves (GWs) is important for exploration of the equation of state of dark energy and the co-evolution of massive black holes (MBHs) with galaxies. Most galaxies are believed to have a massive black hole in the galactic core. In the formation of these black holes, merging and accretion are the two main processes. Merging of massive black holes generate GWs which could be detected by space GW detectors and pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) to cosmological distances. LISA (Laser-Interferometric Space Antenna) is most sensitive to the frequency band 1 mHz-100 mHz, ASTROD-GW (ASTROD [Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices] optimized for Gravitation Wave detection) is most sensitive to the frequency band 100 nHz-1 mHz and PTAs are most sensitive to the frequency band 300 pHz-100 nHz. In this paper, we discuss the sensitivities and outlooks of detection of GWs from binary massive black holes in these frequency bands with an emphasis on ASTROD-GW. The GWs generated by the inspirals, merging and subsequent ringdowns of binary black holes are standard sirens to the cosmological distance. Using GW observations, we discuss the methods for determining the equation of state of dark energy and for testing the co-evolution models of massive black holes. The scientific aim of ASTROD-GW is focused for gravitational wave detection at low frequency. The science goals include detection of GWs from MBHs, and Extreme-Mass-Ratio Black Hole Inspirals (EMRI), and using these observations to find the evolution of the equation of state of dark energy and to explore the co-evolution of massive black holes with galaxies.
Optical forces near a nanoantenna (2010)

The Maxwell stress tensor method is used to calculate the optical forces acting upon a glass nanosphere in the proximity of optically excited gold nanoantenna structures. The dependence of optical forces over a full range of excitation angles is explored: the total internal reflection excitation does not bring any particular advantage to trapping efficiency when compared to the normal incidence excitation. Our calculations show multiple trapping sites with similar trapping properties for the normal and the total internal reflection cases, respectively; furthermore, the convective heating probably dominates over any optical forces in such systems.
Application of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Energetic Materials Processes:  A Review (2005)

The preparation of micro- and nanostructured energetic materials has recently drawn considerable attention as a potential method that can be used to obtain energy release more rapidly than conventional materials. Formation of solid particles with well-defined properties (e.g., particle size, particle size distribution, particle shape) and free of solvent inclusions for production of energetic materials using compressed gases were studied. It is possible to process moderately solids, like energetic materials that are difficult to comminute due to their sensitivity to mechanical or thermal stress. The characteristics of compressed gases allow the variation of morphology of solid particles in a wide range. It is possible to produce crystalline particles with a small size and narrow size distribution without defects (i.e., free of solvent inclusions). In this paper, the different processes to form very fine particles of explosives and propellant with supercritical fluids are reviewed. The first method is the RESS (rapid expansion of supercritical solutions) process, the formation of particles results from the rapid expansion of a supercritical solution. The second process is the GAS (gas anti-solvent) process that uses a high compressed fluid as anti-solvent to decrease the solvent power of a common solvent and thus to recrystallize the solid. Another process is PGSS (particles from gas-saturated solutions suspension). This process allows the formation of particles from a great variety of substances that are not required to be soluble in supercritical carbon dioxide. In this paper, the solubility of some explosives such as RDX, TNT, and HMX in the supercritical carbon dioxide is discussed. On the other hand, we show that these techniques are applicable for production of very fine particles of energetic materials using a range of supercritical solvents; thus, very fine particles of energetic materials such as TNT, RDX, HMX, and nitroguanidine could be produced by these methods. Also, application of supercritical fluid for particle coating granulation of sensitive energetic materials is discussed.
Privacy-Aware Restricted Areas for Unmanned Aerial Systems (2018)

Although drones are receiving a lot of attention from industry and academia alike, the protection of citizen privacy is still an open issue. To this end, we demonstrate how basic principles of information privacy could be integrated with existing infrastructure to build up a framework for privacy-aware unmanned aerial system (UAS) dispatch considering restricted areas. The software framework proposed enables UAS operators to determine whether a selected UAS flight path intersects with a restricted area, by considering privacy preferences that can be configured by citizens themselves.
Gd-containing conjugated polymer nanoparticles: bimodal nanoparticles for fluorescence and MRI imaging (2014)

Aqueous bifunctional semiconductor polymer nanoparticles (SPNs), approximately 30 nm in diameter (as measured from electron microscopy), were synthesised using hydrophobic conjugated polymers, amphiphilic phospholipids and a gadolinium-containing lipid. Their fluorescence quantum yields and extinction coefficients were determined, and their MRI T₁-weighted relaxation times in water were measured. The bimodal nanoparticles were readily taken up by HeLa and murine macrophage-like J774 cells as demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and were found to be MRI-active, generating a linear relationship between T₁-weighted relaxation rates and gadolinium concentrations The synthesis is relatively simple, and can easily result in milligrams of materials, although we fully expect scale-up to the gram level to be easily realised.
High-throughput Detection of Respiratory Pathogens in Animal Specimens by Nanoscale PCR (2016)

Nanoliter scale real-time PCR uses spatial multiplexing to allow multiple assays to be run in parallel on a single plate without the typical drawbacks of combining reactions together. We designed and evaluated a panel based on this principle to rapidly identify the presence of common disease agents in dogs and horses with acute respiratory illness. This manuscript describes a nanoscale diagnostic PCR workflow for sample preparation, amplification, and analysis of target pathogen sequences, focusing on procedures that are different from microliter scale reactions. In the respiratory panel presented, 18 assays were each set up in triplicate, accommodating up to 48 samples per plate. A universal extraction and pre-amplification workflow was optimized for high-throughput sample preparation to accommodate multiple matrices and DNA and RNA based pathogens. Representative data are presented for one RNA target (influenza A matrix) and one DNA target (equine herpesvirus 1). The ability to quickly and accurately test for a comprehensive, syndrome-based group of pathogens is a valuable tool for improving efficiency and ergonomics of diagnostic testing and for acute respiratory disease diagnosis and management.
A longer breast carcinoma screening interval for women age older than 65 years? (1999)

The results of the current analysis showed that although a longer sojourn time for preclinical breast carcinoma should not necessarily be accompanied by a longer screening interval, a shorter screening interval was not very efficient.
Modern Surface Engineering Treatments (2013)

Surface engineering can be defined as an enabling technology used in a wide range of industrial activities. Surface engineering was founded by detecting surface features which destroy most of pieces, e.g. abrasion, corrosion, fatigue, and disruption; then it was recognized, more than ever, that most technological advancements are constrained with surface requirements. In a wide range of industry (such as gas and oil exploitation, mining, and manufacturing), the surfaces generate an important problem in technological advancement. Passing time shows us new interesting methods in surface engineering. These methods usually apply to enhance the surface properties, e.g. wear rate, fatigue, abrasion, and corrosion resistance. This book collects some of new methods in surface engineering.