gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of low-dose methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2004)

This article evaluates the relationship between the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate (MTX), its efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and serum folic acid (FA) levels. The pharmacokinetics of MTX was studied in 29 patients with RA treated with low-dose MTX. The weekly dose of MTX was given orally at 2–4 mg every 12 h over a period of 24–36 h. Blood samples were taken 4 h after the first administration in any given week. A Bayesian method was used to estimate individual MTX pharmacokinetic variables. We then investigated the efficacy of MTX and the serum FA levels in these patients. We examined C-reactive protein levels (CRP) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and analyzed the values obtained before and after MTX treatment in order to evaluate the efficacy of the MTX treatment. The degree of improvement in CRP and ESR was significantly correlated with the length of time the MTX concentration–time curve remained above 0.02 µM in one week. Furthermore, the degree of improvement in CRP was also significantly correlated with the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) for MTX. These results suggest that serum MTX measurements could be useful in determining individual patient regimens.
Immunization of Newborn Rhesus Macaques with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Vaccines Prolongs Survival after Oral Challenge with Virulent SIVmac251 (2002)

There is an urgent need for active immunization strategies that, if administered shortly after birth, could protect infants in developing countries from acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through breast-feeding. Better knowledge of the immunogenic properties of vaccine candidates in infants and of the effect of maternal antibodies on vaccine efficacy will aid in the development of such a neonatal HIV vaccine. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of infant macaques is a useful animal model of pediatric HIV infection with which to address these questions. Groups of infant macaques were immunized at birth and 3 weeks of age with either modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing SIV Gag, Pol, and Env (MVA-SIVgpe) or live-attenuated SIVmac1A11. One MVA-SIVgpe-immunized group had maternally derived anti-SIV antibodies prior to immunization. Animals were challenged orally at 4 weeks of age with a genetically heterogeneous stock of virulent SIVmac251. Although all animals became infected, the immunized animals mounted better antiviral antibody responses, controlled virus levels more effectively, and had a longer disease-free survival than the unvaccinated infected monkeys. Maternal antibodies did not significantly reduce the efficacy of the MVA-SIVgpe vaccine. In conclusion, although the tested vaccines delayed the onset of AIDS, further studies are warranted to determine whether a vaccine that elicits stronger early immune responses at the time of virus exposure may be able to prevent viral infection or AIDS in infants.
Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Epimastigote Cell Surface Proteins by Two Complementary Methods (2013)

Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan that causes Chagas' disease, a neglected infectious illness that affects millions of people, mostly in Latin America. Here, the cell surface subproteome of the T. cruzi epimastigote life form was characterized. In order to prepare samples enriched in epimastigote plasma membrane protein, two distinct methodologies were optimized and evaluated. The first methodology was based on cell surface trypsinization (Shave) of intact living cells while the second approach used biotinylation of cell surface proteins followed by streptavidin affinity chromatography isolation of the labeled proteins. Both T. cruzi subproteomes were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The results showed that the methodologies offered comprehensive and complementary information about the parasite's plasma membrane subproteome.
Electronic interface modules for solid-state chemical sensors (2003)

Plug and play modules for interfacing three common types of solid-state chemical sensors are presented The self-contained (integrated circuit) modules detect a baseline signal from a sensor and auto-zero the signal to compensate for baseline variations, both immediately after fabrication and periodically during the lifetime of the sensor The signal compensation technique is based on the governing transduction principles of the chemical sensor thereby enabling signals to be compensated without distortion. After fabrication, sensors are auto-zeroed at their field operating conditions to ensure that all homogenous sensors begin at the same baseline output. Re-zeroing is completed at a time scale compatible with the drift and lifetime of the sensor and is automated in similar manner to the initial autozeroing step that occurs during calibration. The matching of automated baseline compensation to governing transduction principles for chemical sensors is a novel effort. This paper will present experimental results at the circuit, architecture and system level using chemFETs, composite film polymer chemiresistors and tin-oxide chemiresistors.
Applied potential tomography for non-invasive temperature mapping in hyperthermia (1987)

In the field of hyperthermia for cancer treatment, much effort is being put into the development of non-invasive temperature monitoring so that the trauma of implanting thermocouple or thermistor probes in the patient can be avoided. Preliminary studies investigating the use of applied potential tomography (APT) for this purpose have been reported. APT has the advantages over other tomographic methods that the instrumentation is inexpensive, transportable, and could easily be accommodated in a hyperthermia treatment environment. Moreover, the temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity is large (2% degrees C-1) compared, for example, with the corresponding quantity in CT, the x-ray attenuation coefficient, which changes by only 0.04% degrees C-1. In our experimental system, 16 electrodes were fixed around a cylindrical block of agar simulating a human thigh. The system was driven with 5 mA at 50 kHz. The agar was heated using the 13.56 MHz capacitive system currently in clinical use in this hospital. By relating data sets recorded at different times during heating to a set recorded before heating, images of the temperature change in the agar with time were computed and are presented. The experiment was then repeated in vivo on the thigh of a volunteer.
Effect of nucleolar P120 expression level on the proliferation capacity of breast cancer cells. (1994)

Steady-state level of nucleolar P120 protein and P120 mRNA was compared to the doubling time and S-phase fraction in human breast cancer cell lines growing exponentially and in similar cells treated with a single dose of P120 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. The study included six breast cancer cell lines and one nontransformed breast cell line with doubling times from 1.1 to 5.5 days and with S-phase fractions from 35 to 9%. P120 expression level was determined by densitometric computerized evaluation of protein and mRNA blots and with a quantitative 32P-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method developed for small-scale samples. In the slowest growing normal cell line, P120 expression level was only about 10% of the level found in the most rapidly growing cancer cell line. The amount of P120 mRNA was highly correlated with the amount of P120 protein (P = 0.0001), indicating that P120 accumulation is regulated in these cells primarily at a transcriptional level. There was also a significant positive correlation between the level of P120 protein/mRNA and doubling time of cell lines (P = 0.0008) or percentage of S-phase cells (P = 0.210). P120 antisense oligomer treatment decreased the growth rate of cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the inhibition reached 70% at 100 microM concentration. Both P120 mRNA and P120 protein levels were also decreased by approximately 70% in cells treated with 100 microM P120 antisense oligomer. Slowly growing cells exhibited 50% inhibition by treatment at a proportionally lower concentration of P120 antisense oligomer than fast growing cells. This study shows that the expression of P120, measured either at the protein or the mRNA level, correlates with proliferation rate, identifying P120 as a cell proliferation marker.
Psychedelics as a Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia (2020)

Currently, there are no disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) or any other dementia subtype. The renaissance in psychedelic research in recent years, in particular studies involving psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), coupled with anecdotal reports of cognitive benefits from micro-dosing, suggests that they may have a therapeutic role in a range of psychiatric and neurological conditions due to their potential to stimulate neurogenesis, provoke neuroplastic changes and reduce neuroinflammation. This inevitably makes them interesting candidates for therapeutics in dementia. This mini-review will look at the basic science and current clinical evidence for the role of psychedelics in treating dementia, especially early AD, with a particular focus on micro-dosing of the classical psychedelics LSD and psilocybin.
Role of Ga for Co-doping of Ga with N in ZnO Films (2003)

This study revealed that Ga and N co-doped ZnO films show an increase of solubility limits of N concentration through heavy doping with Ga; this is the "co-doping effect" proposed by Yamamoto and Yoshida [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2 38 (1999) L166]. The N concentration increased linearly from 1018 to 1019 cm-3 when Ga concentration exceeded 8×1020 cm-3 but was almost constant at Ga concentrations below 2.3×1020 cm-3. This study also clarified that Ga concentrations of the order of 1020 cm-3 correspond to doping concentrations which change greatly from shallow donor sources releasing electrons to compensating-center trapping electrons. This fact suggests that the increased N concentration is attributable to the formation of the compensating-defects trapping carriers, such as GaZn–Ointerstitial and GaZn–VZn, in a metastable structure containing a high Ga concentration which exceeds the thermal equilibrium limit.
Phosphorus-Fluorine Chemistry. (1964)

Lewis acid phosphorus fluorides, such as C 6 H 5 PF 4 and (C 6 H 5 ) 2 PF 3 , react with hexamethyl-disilazane to give polymeric iminophenyl-phosphonic- or -phosphinic fluorides, which can be dehydrofluorinated to phosphonitrilic type products.
An Assessment of Ride Quality of Heavy-Duty Trucks (1980)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper the linear dynamic response of the articulated vehicles to the road surface undulations which are represented as stationary Gaussian random excitations, is investigated. The power spectral density approach is used to estimate the influence of various parameters on the ride quality of such vehicles. In particular, the influence of load patterns, road characteristics, speed, and vehicle suspension systems on the ride quality is evaluated.</div>
The electron impact ionization rate and breakdown voltage in GaAs/Ga/sub 0.7/Al/sub 0.3/As MQW structures (1989)

The electron impact ionization rate ( alpha ) and breakdown voltage (V/sub BD/) experimentally measured in a p/sup +/-i-n/sup +/ diode structure with a GaAs/Ga/sub 0.7/Al/sub 0.3/As multiple quantum-well (MQW) i region are discussed. For structures with GaAs wells of 100 AA and barriers that vary from 7 to 60 AA in thickness, it is found that alpha is always less than alpha in bulk GaAs and that it decreases with increasing barrier thickness. The normalized V/sub BD/ also increases with increasing barrier thickness, confirming a decreasing ionization rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Electronic Structure of the Tris(ethylene) Complexes [M(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] (M=Ni, Pd, and Pt): A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study (2007)

In this article we analyze in detail the electronic properties of the D(3h)-symmetric tris(ethylene) complexes of nickel, palladium, and platinum ([M(C(2)H(4))(3)] M=Ni, Pd, Pt). In the case of [Pd(C(2)H(4))(3)] the analysis is based on new experimental IR and Raman spectra for the matrix-isolated molecules and in all cases on the results of quantum-chemical (DFT) calculations. The experimental spectra collected for [Pd(C(2)H(4))(3)] provide evidence for several previously unobserved vibrational modes, including the in-phase and out-of-phase nu(C-C) and delta(CH(2)) modes, and the in-phase nu(M-C) mode. Special consideration is given to possible inter-ligand interactions. The interaction force constant f(CC,CC) between two C(2)H(4) ligands can be directly estimated from the spectra, and its very small value (0.002 N m(-1)) indicates the absence of any significant inter-ligand interaction. An analysis of the topology of the theoretical electron density distribution, rho(r), and the corresponding Laplacian, nabla(2)rho(r), for [Pd(C(2)H(4))(3)] and its lighter and heavier homologues [Ni(C(2)H(4))(3)] and [Pt(C(2)H(4))(3)], respectively, is in full agreement with the conclusions drawn from the experimental results. The combined experimental and quantum-chemical results provide detailed insights in the electronic properties of these prototypical ethylene complexes.
BIT ERROR RATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR A Co-Cr-Ta SINGLE LAYER PERPENDICULAR RECORDING MEDIUM (1989)

The bit error rate characteristics for a Co-Cr-Ta single layer perpendicular recording flexible disk medium have been quantitatively examined. A simple data recovery circuit, composed of a differentiator, a peak detector and a discriminator, has been developed for error rate evaluation. 1F-2F data pattern was suitable for time margin evaluation rather than {110} pattern. The obtained time margin for the 10-9 error rate is 38% at 75kBPI/400TPI recording density. The time margin is eqivalent to conventional flexible disk media. Therefore. the perpendicular recording media are concluded to be sufficient for reliable flexible disk.
The Epichloae, Symbionts of the Grass Subfamily Poöideae<sup>1</sup> (2010)

Symbioses of grasses (Poaceae) with fungi of family Clavicipitaceae vary widely in relative benefits and detriments to the plant, and include mutualisms characterized by vertical transmission and protective effects of the fungus and its metabolites against vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores. This review focuses on the epichloae, a group of fungi within the Clavicipitaceae that are symbiotic with members of the grass subfamily Poöideae and comprise sexual fungi of genus Epichloë (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. and their asexual derivatives (form genus Neotyphodium A. E. Glenn, C. W. Bacon & R. T. Hanlin). Most epichloid fungi are vertically transmissible, and many produce antiherbivore alkaloids belonging to any of four distinct chemical classes: lolines, peramine, ergot alkaloids, and indole-diterpenes. Like many plant-associated Clavicipitaceae, fruiting of Epichloë species chokes host inflorescences, preventing seed production on the affected tillers. However, most Epichloë-infected grasses also produce asymptomatic inflorescences, which produce normal seeds that vertically transmit the symbiont. Vertical transmission provides the main or sole means of dissemination for asexual epichloae. Molecular phylogenetic evidence suggests that the origin of Poöideae-Epichloë symbioses was approximately coincident with the origin of this grass subfamily, with considerable cophylogenetic evolution since then. Most asexual epichloae arose from a more complex process of interspecific hybridizations, which can provide evolutionary diversification and counteract accumulated deleterious mutations in otherwise clonal symbionts. Evolution of the Poöideae-epichloae symbioses required a break in the link between virulence and transmission, by establishing highly vertical transmission without negative effects on the colonized seeds and seedlings.
Proximity as a service (2012)

This paper describes a new possible model for distributing hyper-local data across subscribers. This new model uses Wi-Fi proximity approach as a service. According to this concept, any exiting or even especially created Wi-Fi hot spot could be used as presence sensor that can trigger access for some user-generated information snippets. In this approach we can discover hyper local data as information snippets that are relevant for mobile subscribers being at this moment nearby some Wi-Fi access point. And an especially developed mobile application (context-aware browser) can present that information to mobile subscribers. As the possible use-cases for this application we can mention for example delivering commercial information in malls, distributing data in Smart City projects, sharing news feeds for office centers and campuses as well as for the personal classifieds and city games.
Lower bound on the mean squared error in multi-loop ΣΔ modulation with periodic bandlimited signals (2002)

Research has been devoted to optimal signal reconstruction by /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulation. Using classical linear filtering, the reconstruction mean squared error (MSE) asymptotically decreases with the oversampling ratio R by R/sup -(2n+1)/, where n is the order of the modulator. Using a nonlinear reconstruction scheme, an improvement of the MSE asymptotic behavior by 3 dB per octave of R has been observed for time-varying, periodic and bandlimited input signals. This implies an MSE of /spl Oscr/(R/sup -(2n+2)/). We show for the multi-loop configuration of the /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulation and with the same kind of input signals that the asymptotic behavior of the reconstruction MSE cannot be less than /spl Oscr/(R/sup -(2n+2)/), including optimal reconstruction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cholesterol and Cholesteryl Esters of Eggs from Various Avian Species (1980)

A method was developed to analyze the cholesterol and cholesteryl esters of egg yolk by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). After the cholesteryl ester fraction was isolated by chromatography on a silica gel (Hi-Flosil) column, individual esters were quantitatively separated and determined by GLC on glass columns packed with SP-2340. The cholesterol content and nature of the cholesteryl esters in eggs from various avian species were determined. Birds were classified according to feeding habits as follows: 1) domestic fowl eating grain and plant materials –White Leghorn chicken, Silver-penciled Plymouth Rock chicken, turkey, Japanese quail; 2) wild plant-eating birds–ring-necked dove, grackle, peacock; 3) wild birds eating aquatic plants and animals–mallard duck, black duck; 4) wild aquatic carnivorous birds–laughing gull, brown pelican, great black-backed gull, black-crowned night heron; 5) wild mammal-eating birds–barn owl. Although egg size varied from 7 to 121 g, total cholesterol content ranged only from 12 to 25 mg/g yolk. Cholesterol present as ester ranged from 1 to 26% in the 14 birds studied. Most of the cholesterol present as ester was esterified to 18:1 or 18:2 fatty acids. Analysis of yolk lipid indicated that the fatty acids were comprised mainly of 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids. The predominant order of concentration in all species was 18:1>16:0>18:2. There was no consitent pattern in egg cholesterol content or in the percentage of cholesteryl esters in the species studied. Differences existed, however, in the composition of the cholesteryl esters and in the composition of egg yolk fatty acids that distinguished one bird species with particular feeding habits from another.
Yagi-Uda-Inspired Pattern Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna with Suppressed Harmonics and Minimum Parasitic Presence for WLAN Applications (2020)

In this paper, a dual port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with pattern diversity, integrated with a low pass filter to eliminate higher order harmonics is presented. The operating principle of the prototype is similar to that of Yagi-Uda antennas where multiple parasitic elements loaded with single or multiple switches are utilized to achieve the desired radiation characteristics. In the present design, however, only a single parasitic element loaded with just one switch is used to obtain six different H-plane radiation patterns within 2.4GHz WLAN band (2.4GHz–2.48GHz). Since the proposed antenna has less parasitic involvement, spurious ohmic losses are also minimized. The low pass filter, integrated with the microstrip feedline of the radiator, can suppress the higher order harmonics (atleast upto 11GHz) as well as simplifies the back-end circuitry of the whole MIMO antenna system itself. The prototype is fabricated on FR4 glass epoxy substrate with 1.6mm thickness.
Inverse agonism of cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub> receptors potentiates LiCl‐induced nausea in the conditioned gaping model in rats (2010)

Inverse agonism, but not neutral antagonism, of CB(1) receptors potentiated toxin-induced nausea. This effect may be peripherally mediated or may be mediated centrally by action on CB(1) receptors, located distal to the cerebral ventricles.
Neurochemical correlates of caudate atrophy in Huntington's disease (2014)

The precise pathogenic mechanisms of Huntington's disease (HD) are unknown but can be tested in vivo using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) to measure neurochemical changes. The objective of this study was to evaluate neurochemical differences in HD gene mutation carriers (HGMCs) versus controls and to investigate relationships among function, brain structure, and neurochemistry in HD. Because previous (1)H MRS studies have yielded varied conclusions about HD neurochemical changes, an additional goal was to compare two (1)H MRS data analysis approaches. HGMCs with premanifest to early HD and controls underwent evaluation of motor function, magnetic resonance imaging, and localized (1)H MRS in the caudate and the frontal lobe. Analytical approaches that were tested included absolute quantitation (unsuppressed water signal as an internal reference) and relative quantification (calculating ratios of all neurochemical signals within a voxel). We identified a suite of neurochemicals that were reduced in concentration proportionally to loss of caudate volume in HGMCs. Caudate concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine, choline, and caudate and frontal lobe concentrations of glutamate plus glutamine (Glx) and glutamate were correlated with caudate volume in HGMCs. The relative, but not the absolute, quantitation approach revealed disease-related differences; the Glx signal was decreased relative to other neurochemicals in the caudate of HGMCs versus controls. This is the first study to demonstrate a correlation among structure, function, and chemical measures in HD brain. Additionally, we demonstrate that a relative quantitation approach may enable the magnification of subtle differences between groups. Observation of decreased Glx suggests that glutamate signaling may be disrupted relatively early in HD, which has important implications for therapeutic approaches.