gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization Oxygen Sensor:  a Template for a Class of Fluorescence-Based Sensors (2002)

We describe a novel oxygen polarization sensor based on a single molecule that changes the observed anisotropy of its emission with variation of the oxygen concentration. The approach is demonstrated both in solution and in solid films. A simple mathematical description of the sensor is included and experimentally verified. The technique demonstrated here creates opportunity for development of a new class of polarization-based dyes and sensors.
Nucleotide sequence of the<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>PC1<i>β</i>-lactamase gene (1986)

Several numbers in the enumeration of the DNA sequence were mislocated: 600 is actually 601, 700 is actually 701, 800 is actually 801, 900 is actually 902, and 1000 is actually 1002.
Optimum Two-Dimensional Uniform Spatial Sampling for Microwave SAR-Based NDE Imaging Systems (2011)

Microwave imaging systems for nondestructive evaluation, based on 3-D synthetic aperture radar (SAR) techniques, utilize either a real aperture, composed of many antennas mounted next to one another, or a synthetic aperture, generated by raster scanning a single antenna. To obtain a quality SAR image, the spatial sampling must be dense enough to accurately sample the electric field reflected from a target. Conversely, the quantity of spatial samples may be optimally reduced, resulting in reduced system complexity and required resources for systems employing real apertures and reduced imaging time for synthetic aperture systems. In the literature, it has been reported that the optimum sampling step size is equal to the theoretical resolution, as per the Nyquist rate. It has also been reported that an image generated using a sampling step size equal to the theoretical resolution may not possess the same spatial resolution as predicted. Also, as expected and reported, resolution is dependent upon the distance between the target and the aperture, aperture dimensions, and antenna beamwidth. However, existing formulations of SAR resolution do not account for all of the physical characteristics of a measurement (e.g., 2-D limited-size aperture, electric field decreasing with distance from the measuring antenna, etc.). This paper presents a theoretical formulation of resolution and a study into optimum uniform spatial sampling by analyzing simulated 3-D SAR images according to metrics representing image quality, namely, half-power resolution and RMS error between practically sampled images and an ideally sampled image. The results of this simulation demonstrate optimum sampling given design requirements that fully explain resolution dependence on sampling step size. Also, it is found that there is additional widening of the 2-D spectral estimation of the data due to the aperture-limited nature of the measurements, which further influences the choice of sampling step size. Subsequently, the simulated results are compared to experimental results corroborating the efficacy of the formulation. Finally, design curves and procedures are proposed for selecting sampling step size as per resolution requirements.
Efficacy of Vaccination to Reduce <i>Salmonella</i> Prevalence in Live and Slaughtered Swine: A Systematic Review of Literature from 1979 to 2007 (2007)

A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination to reduce Salmonella prevalence in market weight finisher swine. A search of online databases and selected conference proceedings was conducted to identify relevant studies. The review process followed relevance screening, methodological quality assessment, and data extraction. Although multiple outcomes were frequently reported, only outcomes describing culture of Salmonella were extracted. Five clinical trials and 23 challenge studies were considered likely relevant to the review as they described vaccination to reduce Salmonella in swine. Five clinical trials reported vaccination was associated with reduced isolation of Salmonella in market weight pigs, however, information required to assess the internal validity of the study was often not described in the manuscripts. All challenge studies assessed vaccine efficacy in pigs aged <15 weeks reducing the relevance of results to the review which focused on market weight pigs. Only five of the 23 challenge studies reported the majority of information necessary to evaluate the quality of vaccine studies. Given large variability in population type, sample size, type of vaccine, dose and dosing regimens, and type of outcomes observed, pooled data analysis was not possible, and therefore, a qualitative synthesis of the studies was conducted. Available evidence suggests that vaccination is associated with reduced Salmonella prevalence in swine at or near harvest; however, this conclusion is based on studies with design and reporting deficiencies that could potentially indicate biases with the outcome.
Selective Trapping of Volatile Fission Products with an Off-Gas Treatment System (2008)

Abstract An off-gas treatment system is being developed for the collection of volatile fission products during a head-end processing step. The head-end processing step employs high temperatures to oxidize UO2 to U3O8 resulting in the separation of fuel from cladding and the removal of volatile fission products. Three volatile fission products have been targeted for trapping on distinct zones of the off-gas system and within those zones, on individual filters. A description of the filter media and a basis for its selection will be given along with the collection mechanisms and design considerations. Results from testing with the off-gas treatment system will also be presented.
Evaluation of kernel methods for speaker verification and identification (2002)

Support vector machines are evaluated on speaker verification and speaker identification tasks. We compare the polynomial kernel, the Fisher kernel, a likelihood ratio kernel and the pair hidden Markov model kernel with baseline systems based on a discriminative polynomial classifier and generative Gaussian mixture model classifiers. Simulations were carried out on the YOHO database and some promising results were obtained.
Reduction of pain at venous cannulation in children with a eu tec tic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA® cream): comparison with placebo cream and no local premedication (1987)

The local analgesic efficacy of a cream formulation of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) in reducing pain at venous cannulation was investigated in children scheduled for elective surgery. Forty children participated in a double-blind, randomized comparison between EMLA and inactive placebo cream. Another group of 18 children without any local treatment was studied as an additional control material. Subjective pain scores, expressed with a visual analogue scale, were significantly lower in the EMLA group compared with both the group treated with placebo cream (P less than 0.001) and the open control group (no cream; P less than 0.01). Local pallor and slight oedema were the only side-effects, registered in both cream-treated groups. A preliminary study was also carried out with 10 children (five with EMLA and five without) in order to determine whether catecholamine and vasopressin levels in venous blood are affected by the stress and anxiety associated with venepuncture in children premedicated with oral flunitrazepam. No significant hormone responses were, however, detected. The lidocaine concentrations measured in venous blood taken from the application site of EMLA cream were low, and there were no measurable levels of lidocaine in simultaneous blood samples from the opposite extremity. In our opinion EMLA cream is safe and alleviates effectively the pain associated with venepuncture, and thus deserves a place in the routine premedication of children.
Hawaiian Forest Fungi V. a New Species of <i>Phellinus</i> (Hymenochaetaceae) Causing Decay of <i>Casuarina</i> and <i>Acacia</i> (1985)

A previously undescribed species, Phellinus kawakamii, is reported to cause decay of heartwood in the butt portion of trees of Acacia koa var. koa, A. koaia, and Casuarina equisetifolia on Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands. Limited surveys, based on the occurrence of basidiocarps, indicate that at least 28–33% of the Casuarina trees and 12% of the Acacia koa var. koa trees examined are affected by the fungus. Although the fungus causes a white pocket-rot in all species, the morphology of the rot differs noticeably between Casuarina and the two Acacia spp.
Involvement of Both Dockerin Subdomains in Assembly of the <i>Clostridium thermocellum</i> Cellulosome (1998)

Clostridium thermocellum produces an extracellular cellulase complex termed the cellulosome. It consists of a scaffolding protein, CipA, containing nine cohesin domains and a cellulose-binding domain, and at least 14 different enzymatic subunits, each containing a conserved duplicated sequence, or dockerin domain. The cohesin-dockerin interaction is responsible for the assembly of the catalytic subunits into the cellulosome structure. Each duplicated sequence of the dockerin domain contains a region bearing homology to the EF-hand calcium-binding motif. Two subdomains, each containing a putative calcium-binding motif, were constructed from the dockerin domain of CelS, a major cellulosomal catalytic subunit. These subdomains, called DS1 and DS2, were cloned by PCR and expressed in Escherichia coli. The binding of DS1 and DS2 to R3, the third cohesin domain of CipA, was analyzed by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis. A stable complex was formed only when R3 was combined with both DS1 and DS2, indicating that the two halves of the dockerin domain interact with each other and such interaction is required for effective binding of the dockerin domain to the cohesin domain.
Rapid identification of bacteria and candida using pna-fish from blood and peritoneal fluid cultures: a retrospective clinical study (2013)

In this retrospective study, excellent accuracy of PNA-FISH in blood and peritoneal fluids with reduced time to identification was observed, as compared to conventional culture-based techniques. Species-level identification based on PNA-FISH could contribute to notable cost savings due to adjustments in empiric antimicrobial or antifungal therapy as appropriate to the pathogen identified.
Análisis de la relación entre los rasgos psicopáticos y la inteligencia emocional como habilidad (2021)

Esta tesis doctoral tuvo como objetivo general realizar un analisis sobre la relacion existente entre los rasgos psicopaticos y la inteligencia emocional (IE). Los hallazgos previos han mostrado evidencias suficientes sobre el importante papel que ciertas habilidades emocionales podrian desempenar en la reduccion de conductas antisociales derivadas de los rasgos psicopaticos, sin embargo, estas relaciones no se han analizado en profundidad. Para llevar a cabo el objetivo de este trabajo se realizaron cinco estudios. En el primer estudio, se analizo de forma sistematica la literatura para conocer el estado actual de la relacion entre la IE, medida a traves de sus tres modelos, y la psicopatia. Tambien se analizaron las diferencias entre muestras, dividiendola en muestras clinicas o encarceladas o muestras no clinicas o encarceladas. En el segundo estudio, se llevo a cabo un analisis cuantitativo, a traves de un meta-analisis, de la relacion entre la psicopatia y la IE, medida con el modelo que mejor predijo los rasgos psicopaticos en el primer estudio, es decir, el modelo de habilidad con medidas de rendimiento. El tercer estudio consistio en desarrollar y validar la adaptacion espanola de The 34-item Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-III con la con la finalidad de tener instrumentos adecuados en castellano para medir los rasgos psicopaticos. El cuarto estudio consistio en analizar la relacion entre los rasgos de la triada oscura (psicopatia, narcisismo y maquiavelismo) y la posibilidad de sufrir sintomas depresivos. Por ultimo, el quinto estudio tuvo como objetivo hacer un analisis en profundidad sobre la relacion entre IE y rasgos psicopaticos en poblacion presidaria.
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal blood group phenotypes: current practice and future prospects (2008)

Fetuses of women with alloantibodies to RhD (D) are at risk from hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, but only if the fetal red cells are D-positive. In such pregnancies, it is beneficial to determine fetal D type, as this will affect the management of the pregnancy. It is possible to predict, with a high level of accuracy, fetal blood group phenotypes from genotyping tests on fetal DNA. The best source is the small quantity of fetal DNA in the blood of pregnant women, as this avoids the requirement for invasive procedures of amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Many laboratories worldwide now provide noninvasive fetal D genotyping as a routine service for alloimmunized women, and some also test for c, E, C and K.In many countries, anti-D immunoglobulin injections are offered to D-negative pregnant women, to reduce the chances of prenatal immunization, even though up to 40% of these women will have a D-negative fetus. High-throughput, noninvasive fetal D genotyping technologies are being developed so that unnecessary treatment of pregnant women can be avoided. Trials suggest that fetal D typing of all D-negative pregnant women is feasible and should become common practice in the near future.
Deubiquitination of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase by von Hippel–Lindau protein–interacting deubiquitinating enzymes regulates thyroid hormone activation (2003)

The type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) is an integral membrane ER-resident selenoenzyme that activates the pro-hormone thyroxine (T4) and supplies most of the 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) that is essential for brain development. D2 is inactivated by selective conjugation to ubiquitin, a process accelerated by T4 catalysis and essential for the maintenance of T3 homeostasis. A yeast two-hybrid screen of a human-brain library with D2 as bait identified von Hippel-Lindau protein-interacting deubiquitinating enzyme-1 (VDU1). D2 interaction with VDU1 and VDU2, a closely related deubiquitinase, was confirmed in mammalian cells. Both VDU proteins colocalize with D2 in the ER, and their coexpression prolongs D2 half-life and activity by D2 deubiquitination. VDU1, but not VDU2, is markedly increased in brown adipocytes by norepinephrine or cold exposure, further amplifying the increase in D2 activity that results from catecholamine-stimulated de novo synthesis. Thus, deubiquitination regulates the supply of active thyroid hormone to brown adipocytes and other D2-expressing cells.
Speech pattern generation and recognition using a personal computer (2003)

A personal-computer-based system to generate and recognize speech patterns of discrete utterances from a limited vocabulary is described. The system implements a time-domain approach based on successive amplitude samples to develop a nonparametric characterization of utterances. Unknown words are recognized using a multiprototype minimum-distance classifier. The method is computationally simple and fast, and yields better word-recognition results than previously reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The use of chlorhexidine/n-propyl gallate as a urine preservative. (2004)

These data indicate that CPG offers prolonged room-temperature storage for multiple urine analytes, reducing the requirements for frozen urine storage on future spaceflights. In medical applications on Earth, this technology can allow urine samples to be collected in remote settings and eliminate the need to ship frozen samples.
Transformable liquid-metal nanomedicine (2015)

To date, numerous inorganic nanocarriers have been explored for drug delivery systems (DDSs). However, the clinical application of inorganic formulations has often been hindered by their toxicity and failure to biodegrade. We describe here a transformable liquid-metal nanomedicine, based on a core-shell nanosphere composed of a liquid-phase eutectic gallium-indium core and a thiolated polymeric shell. This formulation can be simply produced through a sonication-mediated method with bioconjugation flexibility. The resulting nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin (Dox) have an average diameter of 107 nm and demonstrate the capability to fuse and subsequently degrade under a mildly acidic condition, which facilitates release of Dox in acidic endosomes after cellular internalization. Equipped with hyaluronic acid, a tumour-targeting ligand, this formulation displays enhanced chemotherapeutic inhibition towards the xenograft tumour-bearing mice. This liquid metal-based DDS with fusible and degradable behaviour under physiological conditions provides a new strategy for engineering theranostic agents with low toxicity.
Prevalence of Bacteremia in Dairy Cattle with Acute Puerperal Metritis (2014)

Bacteremia is a common occurrence in postpartum dairy cattle. Further study is warranted to investigate the modes by which bacteria colonize the bloodstream in this population of animals and the importance of bacteremia on health and productivity of affected animals.
Targeting EGFR and HER-2 with cetuximab- and trastuzumab-mediated immunotherapy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2007)

We previously reported that oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) had a relatively high incidence of EGFR and HER-2 overexpression. Thus, anti-HER family targeting may become a promising approach to treat oesophageal SCC. In the present study, we investigated (a) the distribution of EGFR and HER-2 expression in oesophageal SCC (n=66) detected by immunohistochemistry and (b) cetuximab- and/or trastuzumab-mediated biological activity (antiproliferative effect by the MTT assay, apoptosis-inducing activity by the annexin V/propidium iodide assay, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by the (51)Cr-release assay) against oesophageal SCC cell lines with various levels of EGFR and HER-2. Twelve of the 66 patients (18%) showed both EGFR- and HER-2 expression. Out of both EGFR- and HER-2-positive cases, nine cases (75%) showed EGFR and HER-2 expression in individually distinct regions. Furthermore, the combination of cetuximab and trastuzumab could induce synergistic antiproliferative effects and additional ADCC activities against not all, but several oesophageal SCC cell lines with EGFR and HER-2 expression. The combination of cetuximab and trastuzumab may be useful in the treatment of oesophageal SCC with EGFR and HER-2 expression.
Copper-containing dendromesogens: the influence of the metal on the mesomorphism (2000)

Abstract The synthesis and liquid crystalline behaviour of the first and second generations of a dendrimeric structure based on poly(propyleneimine)(DAB-dendr(NH2)x) are reported. 4-(4-n-Alkoxybenzoyloxy)salicylaldehydes are used as mesogenic moieties attached at the peripheral amino groups of the dendrimers giving rise to dendromesogens with four and eight mesogenic branches. From these dendromesogens, considered as organic ligands, were prepared six metal-containing dendrimers which incorporate two or four copper atoms in their structures. All the dendrimeric ligands and three of the metal-containing dendrimers exhibit liquid crystalline properties which were studied by optical microscopy, DSC, X-ray diffraction and EPR spectroscopy.
CANADA (2010)

Sir,—If any Canadians have been offended, as it appears some have been, by my first letter to you on the subject of Colonial Emancipation, it is the fault of The Times, not mine. I send to you, whose motto is open councils, a letter obviously intended as a contribution to English discussion, but which, when read entire, could not be thought disparaging to the Colonists. The Times, being apprehensive lest my remarks should do mischief at "Quebec and Montreal," "draws the letter from its obscurity," and calls the particular attention of the people of Quebec and Montreal to the passages which it thinks likely to offend them. I confess once more that I do not wish to flatter the Canadians. I have no wish to cajole them into a military expenditure beyond their means and against their interests. It would gratify no antipathies of mine.
Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus Due to Complete Glucokinase Deficiency (2001)

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disorder that can occur at any age.1 Neonatal diabetes mellitus, defined as insulin-requiring hyperglycemia within the first month of life, is a rare disorder that is usually associated with intrauterine growth retardation.2 Like diabetes in general, neonatal diabetes is heterogeneous and can be either transient or permanent. Transient neonatal diabetes is associated with abnormalities of chromosome 6,2,3 whereas mutations in insulin promoter factor 1 result in pancreatic agenesis and permanent neonatal diabetes.4 We describe two patients in whom complete deficiency of the glycolytic enzyme glucokinase, a key regulator of glucose metabolism in pancreatic beta . . .
History and Theory of the Tonal Spiral (1966)

The angular measure of musical intervals, traceable to Ptolemy (1 oct=180°; 2 oct=360°), was first determined correctly by Drobisch (1855) as 360° × log2 r, where r is the frequency ratio. Using this concept, Drobisch sketched an ascending tonal spiral (i.e., a helix) without giving its equation. Donkin (1874) provided an equation for a spiral on a plane surface, Baravallee and Tipple (1946) presented an equi-angular spiral on a plane surface to demonstrate Mercator's equal temperament of 53. Elaborating upon Euler's (1739) binary-log measure of musical intervals (log2 r) for rotational angles, we propose a helix with the equation f201.63=261.63×2ω/2π=261.63×e0.09315(ω/2π) to represent, reference middle C, the growth of frequency in the octave system as a function of the rotational angle ω/2π in radians. Applications of this equation to the invariances of the relative pitch sense (e.g., MAJOR THIRD+MINOR THIRD=PERFECT FIFTH) are discussed. Furthermore, the model is made descriptive for orientation by the absolute-pitch sense, also for diplacutic, paracutic, and Doppler shifts, and expanded to the imaginary domain. To the diameter, one can assign intensity re 0.0002 dyn/cm2. A family of nonintersecting helices can incorporate the function of equal loudness and portray the field of audition in the three dimensions of the tonal species (“chroma”), frequency and intensity with respect to normal and abnormal hearing. The equation for the helix of the fifths is f201.63=261.63×(3/2)(ω/2π); and in cyclically tempered systems 3/2 is “flattened” by the respective “schismata.” Use of a digital computer to determine the spiral points is reported.”
Property, Commerce, and Living God's Will (2004)

Market capitalism requires absolute private property, and both institutions appeared at about the same time in history. The morality of the market rests on the morality of property, which may be argued both from Scripture and secular perspectives. Both approaches yield a theory of property that supports private ownership conditional on obligations to the community. Apparent contradictions in Scripture regarding property are resolved by this approach. Property ownership confers economic power on its holder. Modernity assumes that this power must be controlled by external forces-either by the market, or the state-but both limit freedom. True moral action must be free. The moral opportunity of the market is to avoid using economic power to exploit others, especially the weak and needy. Christian thought supplies the outline principles for moral guidance for ethical market action that revolve about self-restraint.