gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flag Waving on the Beach (2011)

My favourite anecdote about the Australian flag concerns the Australian Monarchist League and comes from the year 1999. Members were somewhat embarrassed when it was pointed out that the flag they had on their website, as the image of Australian tradition and all the sort of things that people have died for, was in fact that of New Zealand.
Negative ion production with the electrospray ion source (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNegative ion production with the electrospray ion sourceMasamichi Yamashita and John B. FennCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 20, 4671–4675Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150664a046https://doi.org/10.1021/j150664a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2107Altmetric-Citations463LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Studies on phenothiazines. Part 7. Synthesis of 3‐substituted 2‐aminobenzenethiols and their conversion into phenothiazines (1980)

Abstract Synthesis of substituted 1‐nitrophenothiazines is reported by the Smiles rearrangement in situ , which involves condensation of 3‐chloro or methyl‐2‐aminobenzenethiol with o ‐halonitrobenzenes (2,4,6‐trinitochloro‐benzene, 1,4‐dichloro‐2,6‐dinitrobenzene, 2,4,6‐tribromo‐1,3‐dinitrobenzene) in the presence of ethanolic sodium hydroxide. Ir and mass spectral studies are included.
Time-of-flight analyzer for ion end loss of a mirror plasma (1988)

A time-of-flight analyzer has successfully been used to measure the extracted charge-state distribution and impurity level of an ECRH mirror plasma. End-loss temperatures for each ion species have been determined from the rise time of the analyzer output pulses. Ions entering the line-of-sight device are first accelerated by a two-aperture lens and are then focused with an einzel lens. Electrostatic deflection plates chop the ion beam into short pulses which travel down a 1.20-m tube to an electron multiplier. Ion spectra are typically summed at a rate of 1 kHz using a hardware signal averager.
Requirements of Layer 3 Deterministic Latency Service (2019)

This document specifies some technical, operational and management
requirements of deploying deterministic latency service on layer 3
networks from the perspective of the service provider.
New grating designs for a CTIS imaging spectrometer (2007)

We present some new grating designs for use in a computed tomographic imaging spectrometer (CTIS) and discuss their differences with previous gratings. One of the advantages of the new designs is that they provide added flexibility for a tunable CTIS instrument, and we show some preliminary data illustrating this advantage.
Room-temperature borylation and one-pot two-step borylation/Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of aryl chlorides (2018)

A highly efficient room-temperature borylation strategy of aryl chlorides is described. Utilizing Buchwald's second-generation preformed catalyst, boronate esters were obtained for a wide range of substrates in high yield. The method was also applied to Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction in a one-pot two-step sequential manner, providing a facile and convenient access to the direct synthesis of biaryl compounds from aryl chlorides.
Sub-micrometric displacement measurements by an all-fiber laser heterodyne interferometer using digital phase demodulation (1995)

An optical/digital method using the laser fiber heterodyne interferometry for monitoring of biological motion (such as otoacoustic emissions on live tympanic membrane) in the range of 5-500 nm is proposed. A frequency-shifted reference beam is compared with an unshifted test beam that is phase modulated by a vibrating surface. The amplitude of the displacement of vibration motion can be measured down to a level of 1.5 nm by using a direct digital phase demodulation scheme. Some experimental results are presented and discussed.
Nanocomposite particles with core‐shell morphology. I. Preparation and characterization of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–poly(butyl acrylate‐styrene) particles via miniemulsion polymerization (2008)

Abstract Colloidal particles with magnetic properties have become increasingly important both technologically and for fundamental studies. Here, chemical initiator‐free miniemulsion polymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate has been performed for preparation of magnetic nanocomposite particles with the diameter of 81–150 nm in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant, span 80 as stabilizer, and hexadecane as hydrophobe. The polymerization reaction was initiated and progressed under ultrasonic irradiation, generated by immersed probe into the latex. The key point in achievement of encapsulation of modified Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles was preparation of a stable colloidal dispersion at the end of the reaction. The obtained products in each step were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering analysis was used to follow particle size diameter of the samples. Morphology of the particles and formation of core‐shell structure were analyzed by SEM and TEM micrographs, respectively. TGA and magnetometry of the polymeric films confirmed the extent of insertion of used magnetite and their corresponding behavior. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
1,N2-Ethenodeoxyguanosine: properties and formation in chloroacetaldehyde-treated polynucleotides and DNA (1992)

1,N2-Etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine (1,N2-epsilon dGuo), not previously reported as a product of chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) reaction, has been synthesized and characterized. Reaction of deoxyguanosine with CAA in dimethylformamide in the presence of K2CO3 led to preparation of pure 1,N2-epsilon dGuo with 55% yield. pKa values are 2.2 and 9.2. The anionic form of the compound exhibits weak but defined fluorescence; the intensity is similar to that of N2,3-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine (N2,3-epsilon dGuo) at neutrality. The stability of the glycosyl bond of 1,N2-epsilon dGuo (t1/2 = 2.3 h at 37 degrees C, pH 1) is 10-fold greater than of unmodified deoxyguanosine and at least one thousand-fold greater than of isomeric N2,3-epsilon dGuo. Reaction of CAA with model polynucleotides indicates that hydrogen bonding of guanine residues in the double-stranded structures is, as expected, an important factor in the formation of 1,N2-ethenoguanine. In contrast, the formation of isomeric N2,3-ethenoguanine is relatively independent of whether the DNA is single- or double-stranded. In salmon sperm DNA, reacted with CAA at neutrality, the formation of 1,N2-ethenoguanine could be demonstrated. However, we find the efficiency of formation of this adduct in double-stranded DNA to be lower than that of all other etheno derivatives.
Identification of a Juvenile Hormone-Like Compound in a Crustacean (1987)

Juvenile hormone (JH) has central roles in the regulation of insect development and reproduction but has not previously been identified in other arthropod classes. The hemolymph of a crustacean, Libinia emarginata (Leach), has now been analyzed for JH-like compounds. Samples contained 0.003 to 0.030 nanogram of JH III per milliliter and 10 to 50 nanograms of methyl farnesoate per milliliter; methyl farnesoate is a compound structurally related to JH III that has JH bioactivity. Several tissues were examined for synthesis and secretion of JH-like compounds. Of these tissues, only the mandibular organs produced and secreted JH III and methyl farnesoate. However, microchemical analysis revealed that this JH III was racemic, and thus likely an artifactual oxidation product of methyl farnesoate. Secretion of methyl farnesoate was related to reproduction in females, with the highest rates observed in Libinia near the end of the ovarian cycle when oocyte growth and vitellogenesis are greatest. These results indicate that JH-like compounds such as methyl farnesoate have regulatory roles in crustaceans.
Friction Apparatus for Very Low-Speed Sliding Studies (1955)

The phenomenon of stick-slip, which manifests itself in the squeaking of rubbing surfaces and is of considerable practical importance, can be advantageously studied at very low sliding speeds. An apparatus has been developed in which a flat surface is driven at speeds on the order of 10−7 to 10−4 cm/sec, the driving force being a weight. The speed is controlled by the viscous drag of a paddle in a bath of pitch. There is no appreciable elastic restraint in this drive, so that stick-slip vibration of the moving surface does not occur. A stationary rider is pressed against the moving surface by a dead weight. The friction is measured by the elastic deflection of a ring, the stiffness of which controls the tendency of the rider toward stick-slip vibration. Results are briefly described.
New Chemistry and Improved Placement Practices Enhance Resin Consolidation: Case Histories From the Gulf of Mexico (1998)

Abstract Resin consolidation has been used as a sand control method since the early 1940s, most widely between 1960 and 1970, with varying degrees of success. Although, in recent years, the total number of resin consolidation treatments has been quite low compared to Frac-Pack, High Rate Water Pack, and Conventional Gravel Pack treatments, interest in resin treatments has been steadily increasing because resins offer a screenless alternative for sand control completions, making them especially suitable for thru-tubing recompletions. The success of resin consolidation treatments depends strongly on chemistry of the fluids used in each stage of the treatment (addressing microscopic level failure modes) as well as physics of fluid placement (placement practices to avoid viscous and gravitational instabilities and placement methods to minimize the effects of permeability variations for uniform treatment, both addressing macroscopic level failure modes). In this paper, we present the new chemistry and improved placement practices based on the lessons taken from past experiences and address the failure mechanisms identified in the literature. We also present a set of recommended procedures and guidelines for field application, and lab test results for retained permeability and compressive strength of resin consolidated sand packs. Finally, we present 5 case histories with furan resin system from the Gulf of Mexico as well as statistical information from a total of 25 treatments. P. 179
<title>Novel branching particle method for tracking</title> (2000)

Particle approximations are used to track a maneuvering signal given only a noisy, corrupted sequence of observations, as are encountered in target tracking and surveillance. The signal exhibits nonlinearities that preclude the optimal use of a Kalman filter. It obeys a stochastic differential equation (SDE) in a seven-dimensional state space, one dimension of which is a discrete maneuver type. The maneuver type switches as a Markov chain and each maneuver identifies a unique SDE for the propagation of the remaining six state parameters. Observations are constructed at discrete time intervals by projecting a polygon corresponding to the target state onto two dimensions and incorporating the noise. A new branching particle filter is introduced and compared with two existing particle filters. The filters simulate a large number of independent particles, each of which moves with the stochastic law of the target. Particles are weighted, redistributed, or branched, depending on the method of filtering, based on their accordance with the current observation from the sequence. Each filter provides an approximated probability distribution of the target state given all back observations. All three particle filters converge to the exact conditional distribution as the number of particles goes to infinity, but differ in how well they perform with a finite number of particles. Using the exactly known ground truth, the root-mean-squared (RMS) errors in target position of the estimated distributions from the three filters are compared. The relative tracking power of the filters is quantified for this target at varying sizes, particle counts, and levels of observation noise.
Expression of Neurog1 Instead of Atoh1 Can Partially Rescue Organ of Corti Cell Survival (2012)

In the mammalian inner ear neurosensory cell fate depends on three closely related transcription factors, Atoh1 for hair cells and Neurog1 and Neurod1 for neurons. We have previously shown that neuronal cell fate can be altered towards hair cell fate by eliminating Neurod1 mediated repression of Atoh1 expression in neurons. To test whether a similar plasticity is present in hair cell fate commitment, we have generated a knockin (KI) mouse line (Atoh1(KINeurog1)) in which Atoh1 is replaced by Neurog1. Expression of Neurog1 under Atoh1 promoter control alters the cellular gene expression pattern, differentiation and survival of hair cell precursors in both heterozygous (Atoh1(+/KINeurog1)) and homozygous (Atoh1(KINeurog1/KINeurog1)) KI mice. Homozygous KI mice develop patches of organ of Corti precursor cells that express Neurog1, Neurod1, several prosensory genes and neurotrophins. In addition, these patches of cells receive afferent and efferent processes. Some cells among these patches form multiple microvilli but no stereocilia. Importantly, Neurog1 expressing mutants differ from Atoh1 null mutants, as they have intermittent formation of organ of Corti-like patches, opposed to a complete 'flat epithelium' in the absence of Atoh1. In heterozygous KI mice co-expression of Atoh1 and Neurog1 results in change in fate and patterning of some hair cells and supporting cells in addition to the abnormal hair cell polarity in the later stages of development. This differs from haploinsufficiency of Atoh1 (Pax2cre; Atoh1(f/+)), indicating the effect of Neurog1 expression in developing hair cells. Our data suggest that Atoh1(KINeurog1) can provide some degree of functional support for survival of organ of Corti cells. In contrast to the previously demonstrated fate plasticity of neurons to differentiate as hair cells, hair cell precursors can be maintained for a limited time by Neurog1 but do not transdifferentiate as neurons.
What a mesh! An architecture for next-generation radio access networks (2005)

With fourth-generation wireless technologies envisioned to provide high bandwidth for content-rich multimedia applications, next-generation mobile communication systems are well poised to lead the technology march. Incumbent with the new technology is the challenge of providing flexible, reconfigurable architectures capable of catering to the dynamics of the network, while providing cost-effective solutions for service providers. In this article we focus on IP-based radio access network architectures for next-generation mobile systems. We provide an insight into wireless mesh-based connectivity for the RAN network elements - using short high-bandwidth links to interconnect the network entities in a multihop mesh network for backhauling traffic to the core. A generic self-similar fractal topology, using optical wireless transmission technology, is described. We study the performance of the architecture and conclude that mesh-based architectures are well suited to provide highly scalable, dynamic radio access networks with carrier-class features at significantly low system costs.
Quince años de sanidad: el haber y el debe (1998)

Fiber Bragg gratings with a very low insertion loss are inscribed using the phase mask technique and a single infrared (800 nm) femtosecond laser pulse. The morphology of the resultant light-induced structural changes in the Ge-doped silica fiber (SMF-28) is analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The electron microscopy images reveal that each Bragg grating period incorporates an elongated micropore embedded in a region of homogeneous material modification. The Bragg wavelength drift and reflectivity of fiber Bragg gratings produced with single pulses having the same energy but different duration (80 fs and 350 fs) are monitored for 1000 hours in the course of isothermal annealing at 1000°C. The annealing data demonstrate that both the isothermal Bragg wavelength drift and the decrease in the reflectivity of the fiber Bragg gratings under test are statistically slower for the 350 fs inscription pulses.
A Convenient Rhodium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination Procedure for Terminal Alkynes (2001)

The first rhodium-catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of alkynes is presented. Terminal alkynes react efficiently with anilines in the presence of cationic rhodium(I) catalysts under very mild reaction conditions (e.g., base and acid free at room temperature) to yield up to 99% of the corresponding imines. An easy one-pot protocol for the synthesis of secondary amines was developed by combining this alkyne amination reaction with in situ addition of organolithium reagents.
SOCS3 Is a Physiological Negative Regulator for Granulopoiesis and Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Receptor Signaling (2004)

The suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3/CIS3) has been shown to be an important negative regulator of cytokines, especially cytokines that activate STAT3. To examine the role of SOCS3 in neutrophils and the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) signaling in vivo, we compared neutrophils from two types of conditional knockout mice, LysM-Cre:SOCS3(fl/fl) mice and Tie2-Cre:SOCS3(fl/fl) mice, in which the Socs3 gene had been deleted in mature neutrophils and hematopoietic stem cells, respectively. The size of the G-CSF-dependent colonies from Tie2-Cre:SOCS3(fl/fl) mouse bone marrow was much larger than that of colonies from control wild-type mice, while the size of interleukin-3-dependent colonies was similar. Moreover, LysM-Cre:SOCS3(fl/fl) mice had more neutrophils than SOCS3(fl/fl) mice, suggesting that SOCS3 is a negative regulator of G-CSF signaling in neutrophils. Consistent with this notion, G-CSF-induced STAT3 as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase activation was much stronger and prolonged in SOCS3-deficient mature neutrophils than in wild-type neutrophils. The preventive effect of G-CSF on apoptosis was more prominent in SOCS3-deficient mature neutrophils than in control neutrophils. These data indicate that SOCS3 negatively regulates granulopoiesis and G-CSF signaling in neutrophils and may contribute to neutrophilia or neutropenia.
Influence of growth conditions on the production of extracellular proteolytic enzymes in Paenibacillus peoriae NRRL BD-62 and Paenibacillus polymyxa SCE2 (2006)

Paenibacillus species are ubiquitous in nature, are capable to form resistant spores and to produce several hydrolytic enzymes, including proteases. However, only few data concerning the production of these enzymes are available. Proteases produced by Paenibacillus strains may represent new sources for biotechnological use.
A Comparison of Patient Acceptance of Fingerstick Whole Blood and Oral Fluid Rapid HIV Screening in an Emergency Department (2009)

Among emergency department patients, the preference for 1 rapid test collection modality over another has a minimal effect on actual screening rates.
Learning Sparse Representation for No-Reference Quality Assessment of Multiply Distorted Stereoscopic Images (2017)

Binocular combination under different distortion types poses a great challenge to three-dimensional image quality assessment (3D-IQA). However, the research works on 3D-IQA with multiple distortion types are very limited. In this paper, we first construct a new multiply distorted stereoscopic image database (NBU-MDSID), which is composed of 270 multiply distorted stereoscopic images and 90 singly distorted stereoscopic images that are corrupted simultaneously and independently by blurring, JPEG compression, and noise injection. We then propose a new multimodal blind metric for quality assessment of multiply distorted stereoscopic images. Inspired by multimodal sparse representation framework, modality-specific dictionaries and the corresponding projection matrices are learned from the singly distorted training database at the training stage, and the testing stage only needs to estimate the quality score based on the reconstruction errors. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our blind metric.
The microbial metabolite butyrate regulates intestinal macrophage function via histone deacetylase inhibition (2014)

Given the trillions of microbes that inhabit the mammalian intestines, the host immune system must constantly maintain a balance between tolerance to commensals and immunity against pathogens to avoid unnecessary immune responses against otherwise harmless bacteria. Misregulated responses can lead to inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. The mechanisms by which the immune system maintains this critical balance remain largely undefined. Here, we demonstrate that the short-chain fatty acid n-butyrate, which is secreted in high amounts by commensal bacteria, can modulate the function of intestinal macrophages, the most abundant immune cell type in the lamina propria. Treatment of macrophages with n-butyrate led to the down-regulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, IL-6, and IL-12, but did not affect levels of TNF-α or MCP-1. These effects were independent of toll-like receptor signaling and activation of G-protein-coupled receptors, two pathways that could be affected by short-chain fatty acids. In this study, we provide several lines of evidence that suggest that these effects are due to the inhibition of histone deacetylases by n-butyrate. These findings elucidate a pathway in which the host may maintain tolerance to intestinal microbiota by rendering lamina propria macrophages hyporesponsive to commensal bacteria through the down-regulation of proinflammatory effectors.