gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the intrinsic methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) biodegradation potential of hydrocarbon contaminated subsurface soils in batch microcosm systems (2004)

Eleven soil samples (contaminated and non-contaminated top soils and aquifers) from seven different locations in Belgium were examined in lab-scale batch microcosms simulating in situ conditions for their indigenous capacity to biodegrade methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). The effect of implementing nutrients or additional oxygen and of the presence of co-contaminants on MTBE degradation was investigated. All soils showed rapid degradation of benzene. On the other hand, only one site, historically contaminated with oxygenated fuel, provided soil samples showing relatively fast MTBE biodegradation. These soil samples originated from four different depths from the vadose and saturated zone. MTBE degradation kinetics differed between the samples of the saturated and non-saturated zone and depended on the implemented conditions. MTBE-biodegradation in the samples from the non-saturated zone started after a very short lag-phase (<7 days), while long lag-phases (up to 270 days) were obtained with the other samples. Addition of extra nutrients stimulated MTBE degradation kinetics in microcosms containing the saturated soil samples while inhibiting effects were seen in the case of non-saturated soil samples. In contrast, implementing dissolved oxygen concentrations of 9.5 and 11.5 mg l(-1) led to lower degradation kinetics compared to 8 mg l(-1) in microcosms containing saturated soil samples, while stimulating effects were seen with the non-saturated soil samples. Addition of an extra carbon source like benzene or propane did increase in general the MTBE first order degradation rate constant. Differences in the eubacterial community composition between these depth samples were confirmed based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) patterns of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. The results of the presented study indicate that an aerobic MTBE biodegradation potential is not omnipresent in Belgian sub-soils.
U-PAI: A Universal Payment Application Interface (1996)

The progress of electronic commerce has been stymied by the lack of widely accepted network payment mechanisms. A number of proposals have been put forward, and each one offers a slightly different protocol and set of features. Yet none has achieved the critical mass to become an accepted standard. We believe that there will continue to be a variety of payment mechanisms, so in this paper we propose U-PAI, a universal payment application interface that will enable a programmer to write for one interface, and then interact with any payment mechanism. Each payment mechanism can support the universal API directly, or a proxy or wrapper can be built to translate U-PAI calls to the appropriate native calls supported by the payment mechanisms. In this paper we illustrate how two such proxies could be built. We also provide, in the appendix, a full CORBA specification of U-PAI. 1 Introduction A payment mechanism is a means by which economic value is transferred between two parties, possibly ...
X Chromosome-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Regulates Cell Death Induction by Proapoptotic Receptor Agonists (2009)

Proapoptotic receptor agonists cause cellular demise through the activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins block apoptosis induced by diverse stimuli. Here, we demonstrate that IAP antagonists in combination with Fas ligand (FasL) or the death receptor 5 (DR5) agonist antibody synergistically stimulate death in cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth. Single-agent activity of IAP antagonists relies on tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling. By contrast, blockade of tumor necrosis factor-alpha does not affect the synergistic activity of IAP antagonists with FasL or DR5 agonist antibody. In most cancer cells, proapoptotic receptor agonist-induced cell death depends on amplifying the apoptotic signal via caspase-8-mediated activation of Bid and subsequent activation of the caspase-9-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In the investigated cancer cell lines, induction of apoptosis by FasL or DR5 agonist antibody can be inhibited by knockdown of Bid. However, knockdown of X chromosome-linked IAP (XIAP) or antagonism of XIAP allows FasL or DR5 agonist antibody to induce activation of effector caspases efficiently without the need for mitochondrial amplification of the apoptotic signal and thus rescues the effect of Bid knockdown in these cells.
Identity and access management in cloud environment: Mechanisms and challenges (2018)

Cloud computing is a complex system with combination of diverse networked devices that supports demanded services. The architecture of cloud computing consists of different kinds of configurable distributed systems with a wide variety of connectivity and usage. The organizations are adapting to cloud networks at a rapid pace due to the benefits like cost-effectiveness, scalability, reliability and flexibility. Though the primary merits of cloud computing are promising facts, cloud networks are vulnerable to various kinds of network attacks and privacy issues. The features like multi tenancy and the third party managed infrastructure in cloud environment necessitates the requirement of identity and access management mechanism. The problems involved in secure access to cloud resources have been addressed by many academicians and industry personnel. In this paper, the issues related to authentication, access management, security and services in cloud environment are surveyed along with the techniques proposed to overcome the same. A detailed comparative study of the existing techniques in the perspective of cloud service providers and cloud users that include identity and access management, security issues and services in the cloud environment are highlighted. Keywords: Access management, Authentication, Authorization, Cloud computing, Security, Web services
On-Line Identification of Air-to-Fuel Ratio Dynamics in a Sequentially Injected SI Engine (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The problem of adaptively controlling the mixture ratio can be reduced to the problem of identifying the respective non-linear system dynamics [ <span class="xref">19</span>].</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In the present paper, convenient models of the significant dynamic processes, i.e., intake manifold, wall-wetting and oxygen sensor dynamics, arc deduced. We will separate the analysis in terms of an air and a fuel path. Concerning the fuel path we restrict our attention exclusively to linear sensor models in order to keep the modelling overhead small. Nevertheless, considering the overall dynamics, we will have to deal with some inherent non-linearities.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Suitable parametrizations of these models with respect to the demands imposed by the filtering techniques are then introduced. In the case of linear dynamics we aim to achieve a linear regression form whereas in the case of non-linear dynamics, we will augment the system state and apply extended Kalman filter theory.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It turns out that the proposed Kalman filtering methods provide highly effective means to solve the present classes of identification problems.</div>
Focusing Title VII: The Supreme Court Continues the Battle Against Intentional Discrimination in St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks (1996)

There are societal as well as personal interests on both sides of this equation.The broad, overriding interest, shared by employer, employee, and consumer, is efficient and trustworthy workmanship assured through fair and racially neutral employment and personnel decisions.In the implementation of such decisions, it is abundantly clear that Title VII tolerates no racial discrimination, subtle or otherwise.'Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 19642 ("Title VII') was created by Congress to address racial discrimination in the workplace.It prohibits employers from discriminating against any individual on the basis of "race, color, religion, sex or national origin" 3 by providing victims of intentional discrimination a private right of action against their employ-
Postscript (1999)

In a democracy it is frequently necessary to enter the polling booth, holding one's nose.Bernard Levin, Quote, Unquote (1989: 88)
Replication of biosynthetic reactions enables efficient synthesis of A-factor, a γ-butyrolactone autoinducer from Streptomyces griseus (2012)

We report a concise synthesis of A-factor, the prototypical γ-butyrolactone signalling compound of Streptomyces bacteria. In analogy to enzymatic reactions in A-factor biosynthesis, our synthesis features a tandem esterification-Knoevenagel condensation yielding a 2-acyl butenolide and a surprising, chemoselective conjugate reduction of this α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound using sodium cyanoborohydride.
Targeting Fatty-Acid Amide Hydrolase with Prodrugs for CNS-Selective Therapy (2017)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) can be a substantial impediment to achieving therapeutic levels of drugs in the CNS. Certain chemical functionality such as the carboxylic acid is a general liability for BBB permeability preventing significant CNS distribution of a drug from a systemic dose. Here, we report a strategy for CNS-selective distribution of the carboxylic acid containing thyromimetic sobetirome using prodrugs targeted to fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which is expressed in the brain. Two amide prodrugs of sobetirome were shown to be efficient substrates of FAAH with V<sub>max</sub>/K<sub>M</sub> values comparable to the natural endocannabinoid FAAH substrate anandamide. In mice, a systemic dose of sobetirome prodrug leads to a substantial ∼60-fold increase in brain distribution (K<sub>p</sub>) of sobetirome compared to an equimolar systemic dose of the parent drug. The increased delivery of sobetirome to the brain from the prodrug was diminished by both pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of FAAH in vivo. The increased brain exposure of sobetirome arising from the prodrug corresponds to ∼30-fold increased potency in brain target engagement compared to the parent drug. These results suggest that FAAH-targeted prodrugs can considerably increase drug exposure to the CNS with a concomitant decrease in systemic drug levels generating a desirable distribution profile for CNS acting drugs.
Na Kika: secure service execution and composition in an open edge-side computing network (2006)

Making the internet’s edge easily extensible fosters collaboration and innovation on web-based applications, but also raises the problem of how to secure the execution platform. This paper presents Na Kika, an edge-side computing network, that addresses this tension between extensibility and security; it safely opens the internet’s edge to all content producers and consumers. First, Na Kika expresses services as scripts, which are selected through predicates on HTTP messages and composed with each other into a pipeline of content processing steps. Second, Na Kika isolates individual scripts from each other and, instead of enforcing inflexible a-priori quotas, limits resource consumption based on overall system congestion. Third, Na Kika expresses security policies through the same predicates as regular application functionality, with the result that policies are as easily extensible as hosted code and that enforcement is an integral aspect of content processing. Additionally, Na Kika leverages a structured overlay network to support cooperative caching and incremental deployment with low administrative overhead. 1
Utilization of Alcohols by<i>Hansenula miso</i> (1968)

The ability of Hansenula miso IFO 0146 to utilize various alcohols and acidic salts as sole sources of carbon and the ability of resting cells to oxidize various alcohols and glucose were studied. Growing cells could utilize only ethanol, glycerol, acetate and lactate, while resting cells grown on ethanol medium could oxidize various alcohols such as 1,2-ethanediol, DL-1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, meso-2,3-butanediol, DL-1,3-butane-diol, and 1,4-butanediol. From 2 g of 1,2-ethanediol and DL-l,3-butanediol, 1.3 g of glycolic acid and 0.5 g of β-hydroxybutyric acid respectively were produced. The organism formed d-arabinitol from glycerol and glucose, respectively. From 100 ml of culture in medium containing 6 ml of ethanol and 3.0 g of (NH4)2HPO4 as carbon and nitrogen sources 3.40 g of dried cells were obtained.
Biomaterial-associated calcification: pathology, mechanisms, and strategies for prevention. (1988)

Deposition of calcium-containing apatite mineral occurs widely in association with cardiovascular and noncardiovascular medical devices and biomaterials, is the leading cause of failure of contemporary bioprosthetic heart valves, and limits the functional lifetime of experimental (and potentially clinical) mechanical blood pumps and polymeric heart valves. Calcification of bioprosthetic tissue is primarily intrinsic, related to cuspal connective tissue cells and fragments, and collagen. In contrast, the predominant site of calcific crystals on flexing polymeric surfaces in blood pumps or valve prostheses is extrinsic, associated with adherent cells, thrombus, or pseudointima. Pathologic calcification shares key features with physiologic skeletal mineralization, including crystal initiation through the mediation of cell membranes, usually in the form of extracellular vesicles. This suggests a unified hypothesis for normal and abnormal mineralization. Several approaches are being studied experimentally for the inhibition of bioprosthetic heart valve calcification. Controlled-release diphosphonate therapy, perhaps in conjunction with an anticalcification cuspal pretreatment, appears most effective. Research objectives in biomaterial-associated calcification include (1) development of animal models, (2) determination of initial crystal nucleation events and sites, (3) elucidation of the relative roles of host, implant, and mechanical determinants, and (4) development of approaches for the inhibition of mineralization.
Description of Bacillus azotoformans sp. nov. (1983)

The name Bacillus azotoformans (ex Pichinoty, de Barjac, Mandel, Greenway, and Garcia 1976) is revived. Strains of this species are motile and produce terminal or subterminal oval endospores in swollen sporangia. Nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide are denitrified with production of nitrogen. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid of this organism is 39.8 ± 1.2 mol% (mean ± standard deviation). The type strain is ATCC 29788 (= CCM 2849 = CIP R925).
Comparative pharmacokinetics of daunomycin and adriamycin in several animal species. (1972)

Summary The physiological disposition of adriamycin and daunomycin has been studied in several animal species. Both drugs were rapidly cleared from plasma, deposited in tissues, and then excreted slowly. Drug and metabolites were excreted via the bile and urine. Daunomycin was extensively metabolized by mice, rats, dogs, and hamsters, whereas no evidence was obtained for the metabolism of adriamycin in rats and mice. Hamsters metabolized adriamycin to an aglycone. The metabolite of daunomycin in all species appeared identical to daunorubicinol, described by Bachur and Gee. In hamsters, daunorubicinol as well as another metabolite of daunomycin were observed. This unknown metabolite, D x , appeared to be an aglycone but not the aglycone of daunomycin or daunorubicinol. The aglycone, D x , was also observed in several tissues of rats and mice that were exposed to hypobaric stress.
Epidemiology of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection and Public Health Implications (2010)

This article summarizes the published literature concerning the epidemiology and public health implications of Helicobacter pylori infection published from April 2009 through March 2010. Prevalence of infection varied between 7 and 87% and was lower in European studies. All retrieved studies examining transmission of infection concluded that spread is from person-to-person. One study collecting stool and vomitus samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis detected H. pylori DNA in 88% of vomitus and 74% of stool samples. Proposed risk factors for infection included male gender, increasing age, shorter height, tobacco use, lower socioeconomic status, obesity, and lower educational status of the parents in studies conducted among children. Decision analysis models suggest preventing acquisition of H. pylori, via vaccination in childhood, could be cost-effective and may reduce incidence of gastric cancer by over 40%. As yet, no country has adopted public health measures to treat infected individuals or prevent infection in populations at risk.
Induction of Programmed Cell Death through mitochondria-dependent pathways in Tamba black soybean (Glycine max) (2015)

Programmed Cell Death (PCD) is not only essential for plant normal development and reproduction but also induced by various biotic or abiotic stresses. Many studies have suggested that aluminum (Al) induces PCD in plants. To investigate possible mechanisms of PCD, biochemical and physiological features of root tip cells of Tamba black soybean were examined after Al treatment. DAPI (4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) results showed a nucleus aggregation in the cell edge, displaying a semicircular shape. A burst of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and increased mitochondrial malondialdehyde (MDA) content were observed in Al-treated soybean root tip cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was decreased in Al-treated cells when compared with control cells. These results suggest that mitochondrial MDA and ROS accumulation play important roles in Al-induced PCD.
Bone marrow transplantation for leukemia following a new busulfan and cyclophosphamide regimen (1987)

Busulfan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg were used as conditioning prior to allogeneic marrow transplantation in 50 adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). A standard risk group of 20 patients included those with acute leukemia in remission and CML in chronic phase. A high-risk group of 30 patients included individuals with refractory acute leukemia, acute leukemia in relapse, acute leukemia following preleukemia, and CML in accelerated and blastic phase. Complete remission and sustained complete engraftment were achieved in all evaluable patients. The duration of aplasia was remarkably short (median of 8 days), resulting in a low infection rate during the period of neutropenia, a reduced need for blood product support, and a short length of hospital stay. Three-year actuarial relapse-free survival in both standard-risk (88.9% +/- 10.5%) and high-risk (50.5% +/- 9.6%) groups compares favorably with that reported with total body irradiation (TBI) containing regimens.
General Transmission Considerations in Telephone Conference Systems (1968)

A general discussion of the transmission problems involved in telephone conference systems due to noise, echo, and singing is presented. The application of voice switched loss seems to be the best way to alleviate these difficulties. New problems must now be considered due to weak talkers and occasional simultaneous talking. Two types of conference connections are discussed: First, when three or more telephones are connected together, and second, when groups of people at two or more locations talk back and forth using microphones and loudspeakers. Recent work discussed here provides substantial transmission improvement for this type of service.
A Novel <i>Bacteroidetes</i> Symbiont Is Localized in <i>Scaphoideus titanus</i> , the Insect Vector of Flavescence Doree in <i>Vitis vinifera</i> (2006)

Flavescence dorée (FD) is a grapevine disease that afflicts several wine production areas in Europe, from Portugal to Serbia. FD is caused by a bacterium, "Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis," which is spread throughout the vineyards by a leafhopper, Scaphoideus titanus (Cicadellidae). After collection of S. titanus specimens from FD-contaminated vineyards in three different areas in the Piedmont region of Italy, we performed a survey to characterize the bacterial microflora associated with this insect. Using length heterogeneity PCR with universal primers for bacteria we identified a major peak associated with almost all of the individuals examined (both males and females). Characterization by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis confirmed the presence of a major band that, after sequencing, showed a 97 to 99% identity with Bacteroidetes symbionts of the "Candidatus Cardinium hertigii" group. In addition, electron microscopy of tissues of S. titanus fed for 3 months on phytoplasma-infected grapevine plants showed bacterial cells with the typical morphology of "Ca. Cardinium hertigii." This endosymbiont, tentatively designated ST1-C, was found in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic and vitellogenic ovarian cells, in the follicle cells, and in the fat body and salivary glands. In addition, cell morphologies resembling those of "Ca. Phytoplasma vitis" were detected in the midgut, and specific PCR assays indicated the presence of the phytoplasma in the gut, fat body and salivary glands. These results indicate that ST1-C and "Ca. Phytoplasma vitis" have a complex life cycle in the body of S. titanus and are colocalized in different organs and tissues.
Rates of gluconeogenesis and citric acid cycle in perfused livers, assessed from the mass spectrometric assay of the 13C labeling pattern of glutamate. (1993)

Absolute rates of gluconeogenesis and of the citric acid cycle were assessed in livers isolated from 24-h starved rats, perfused with physiological concentrations of [3-13C]lactate and [3-13C]pyruvate +/- 0.2 mM octanoate. Calculations are based on (i) the 13C-labeling pattern of glutamate determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with isotopomer analysis, (ii) substrate balance, and (iii) equations developed by Magnusson et al. (Magnusson, I., Schumann, W. C., Bartsch, G. E., Chandramouli, V., Kumaran, K., Wahren, J., and Landau, B. R. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 6975-6984) based on a citric acid cycle model proposed by Katz (Katz, J. (1985) Am. J. Physiol. 248, R391-R399). Glutamate, isolated from liver extracts, is enzymatically or chemically converted to gamma-aminobutyrate, alpha-hydroxyglutarate, isocitrate, and glutamine before mass spectrometric analysis. General equations have been developed ("Appendix I") to determine the isotopic enrichment of each carbon of glutamate from the isotopic enrichment of fragments obtained from the mass spectra of trimethylsilyl or t-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives of glutamate and of derived compounds ("Appendix II"). In the presence of octanoate, (i) the rate of the citric acid cycle decreases from 0.25 to 0.13 mumol/min x g wet weight which are one-third and one-sixth of the rate of pyruvate carboxylation, and (ii) the rate of gluconeogenesis increases from 0.65 to 0.83 mumol/min x g wet weight. The rate of pyruvate carboxylation is 13 and 34-fold faster than that of pyruvate dehydrogenation in the absence or presence of octanoate, respectively. The rate of oxaloacetate to fumarate interconversion is at least six times greater than that of the citric acid cycle. Our data closely agree with those obtained by Magnusson et al. who used a non-invasive "chemical biopsy" of the human liver and support the use of labeled lactate and/or pyruvate for tracing hepatic metabolism in vivo.