gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of reactive compatibilization in preparation of nanosilica/polypropylene composites (2007)

Abstract The effect of reactive compatibilization on the mechanical properties of nanosilica filled polypropylene (PP) composites was studied in this work. First, the nanoparticles were grafted with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) by solution free‐radical polymerization, and then melt blended together with PP matrix and aminated PP (PP‐ g ‐NH 2 ) that acts as reactive compatibilizer. The reaction between epoxide groups of the grafted PGMA on the nanoparticles and amine groups of PP‐ g ‐NH 2 during compounding greatly improved interfacial interaction in the composites. As a result, tensile strength, Young's modulus, and notch impact strength of PP composites were increased at rather low filler content. The experimental results indicated that the reinforcing and toughening effects were controlled by flexibility of the grafted polymer as well as processing methods. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:499–509, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Using Neural Networks to Identify Airway Obstructions in Anesthetized Patients based on Photoplethysmography (2006)

Photoplethysmography has been recently studied as a non-invasive indicator of circulatory and respiratory function. In this study, the analysis of this signal and its features is used to identify airway status in patients under the influence of anesthetics. A neural network is utilized with reasonable accuracy to classify segments as being times of `obstructed' vs. `normal' airways status.
Breast Ultrasound Tomography Versus MRI for Clinical Display of Anatomy and Tumor Rendering: Preliminary Results (2011)

Ultrasound tomography is able to image and render breast tissues in a manner comparable to MRI. Using universal ultrasound tomography threshold values for rendering the size and distribution of benign and malignant tissues appears feasible without IV contrast material.
Up-regulation of interleukin 4 receptor expression on immature (Lyt-2-/L3T4-) thymocytes. (1988)

In this report, the effect of interleukin 4 (IL-4) on the growth and differentiation of Lyt-2-/L3T4-(2-4-) thymocytes was investigated. It was found that these thymocytes proliferated extensively when cultured in the presence of IL-4 + phorbol myristate acetate without apparent differentiation to Lyt-2+ or L3T4+ cells. We also demonstrated that 2-4- thymocytes constitutively express a high affinity (dissociation constant of 20 to 40 pM) receptor for IL-4. Freshly isolated 2-4- thymocytes expressed on average about 100 IL-4 receptors per cell, but the number of receptors increased approximately 8-fold within 3 days after activation by IL-4 + phorbol myristate acetate. These findings suggest that IL-4 may play an important role in T cell ontogeny by promoting self-renewal of stem cells within the thymus.
Determination of hydroxyl value in fats and oils using an acid catalyst (1987)

A method for the rapid determination of the hydroxyl value of oils, fats and related products is described. The method uses toluene-p-sulphonic acid as a catalyst and this allows the sample, dissolved in toluene, to be acetylated in 10 min at room temperature. The fatty acid anhydrides formed during the acetylation are decomposed with aqueous sodium hydroxide and tert-butanol, and are then titrated with hydrochloric acid. The addition of an aliquot of the sample to the blank after the decomposition of the acetic anhydride reduces the number of titrations required to two.
Narrowband planar microwave active filter (1989)

A new circuit design for narrowband microwave active filters is presented in the letter. By increasing the tank circuit unloaded Q-value an ideal one-section bandpass filter is realised.
Multiseam Coal Stimulation Using Coiled-Tubing Fracturing and a Unique Bottomhole Packer Assembly (2001)

Abstract In Virginia, coalbed methane (CBM) production can occur from as many as 25 seams with thicknesses from 0.5 to 6 ft. Fracture stimulations have evolved from single-stage, limited-entry designs to multiple stage treatments with corresponding increases in gas production as additional staging was added. For mechanical and economical reasons, three to five stages have been typical. With the introduction of an integrated coiled-tubing (CT) rig and a specially designed bottomhole packer assembly (BHPA), additional staging to cover individual coal seams is possible. A five-well project in Buchanan County, Virginia was chosen for coiled-tubing fracturing (CTF). Job designs that use current fluid and proppant loading were modified for the injection rates and pressures expected in treating down 3,800 ft of 2 ⅜-in. coiled tubing. Treatment procedures, fluid systems, and treatment graphs are presented illustrating job designs used to treat 11 to 19 different stages in each of the five wells. Economics are presented for accessing additional productive coal footage and the resulting net present value (NPV) gained. Lessons learned and recommendations for improving the efficiency of CTF in the Appalachian Basin are included.
Wide-Color-Gamut System (1995)

The color gamut extention with the negative RGB method for the STEP 2 colorimetory has been studied. Along with the negative RGB method, we investigated into the color reproduction characteristics of conventional television systems, and propose a method to improve these characteristics. We developed a hardware, and confirmed that the hardware has widened color gamut effectively using the proposed method.
Inhibition of Escherichia coli growth and diaminopimelic acid epimerase by 3-chlorodiaminopimelic acid (1988)

The diaminopimelic acid (DAP) analog, 3-chloro-DAP, was synthesized and tested as the racemic acid for antibacterial activity and for inhibition of DAP epimerase. 3-Chloro-DAP was a potent inhibitor of DAP epimerase purified from Escherichia coli (Ki = 200 nM), and it is argued that 3-chloro-DAP is converted to a tight-binding transition state analog at the active site of this enzyme. Furthermore, 3-chloro-DAP inhibited growth of two E. coli mutants. In one of the mutants known for supersusceptibility to beta-lactams, inhibition was not seen until the mid-log phase of growth, while in the other mutant, a DAP auxotroph, inhibition occurred much earlier. Growth inhibition was reversed by DAP in both strains. In the auxotroph, the reversal was specific for meso-DAP, indicating that DAP epimerase was the target for 3-chloro-DAP. Thus we suggest a novel mechanism of bacterial growth inhibition which depends on DAP epimerase inhibition by a DAP analog.
On the measurement of half‐value layer in film–screen mammography (1990)

Sources of variations in the measurement of half-value layer (HVL) in film-screen mammography are evaluated. Two principal sources are the energy responses of ionization chambers and the elemental compositions of the 1100 aluminum-alloy attenuation materials. Methods in measuring the thickness of attenuation materials are also an important potential source of error. These factors as well as the influence of geometry of measurement, position of measurement in the field, and precision of radiation output are examined. Recommendations for consistency in measurement are provided.
Three-dimensional Neumann-series approach to model light transport in nonuniform media (2012)

We present the implementation, validation, and performance of a three-dimensional (3D) Neumann-series approach to model photon propagation in nonuniform media using the radiative transport equation (RTE). The RTE is implemented for nonuniform scattering media in a spherical harmonic basis for a diffuse-optical-imaging setup. The method is parallelizable and implemented on a computing system consisting of NVIDIA Tesla C2050 graphics processing units (GPUs). The GPU implementation provides a speedup of up to two orders of magnitude over non-GPU implementation, which leads to good computational efficiency for the Neumann-series method. The results using the method are compared with the results obtained using the Monte Carlo simulations for various small-geometry phantoms, and good agreement is observed. We observe that the Neumann-series approach gives accurate results in many cases where the diffusion approximation is not accurate.
Negative resistance of semiconductor heterojunction diodes owing to transmission resonance (1985)

The influence of the quantum mechanical reflection on current-voltage characteristics is analyzed for small semiconductor heterojunction diodes including a potential barrier. It is shown that negative differential resistance can arise under conditions where the energy of electrons coming to the potential barrier can be controlled by an external field.
Adaptive receiver algorithms for near-far resistant CDMA (1995)

Adaptive receiver algorithms are considered for the demodulation of code-division multiple-access (CDMA) signals. These algorithms include neural-network based algorithms and algorithms adapted from linear channel equalization techniques. Convergence issues are treated, and the performance of various algorithms is compared via computer simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thomas Oden, How Africa Shaped the Christian Mind: Rediscovering the African Seedbed of Western Christianity (Downers Grove, IL: IVP, 2007), pp. 204. $22.00 (hbk). (2013)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
A 3D scanning system based on low-occlusion approach (2003)

In order to enhance the performance of a 3D laser scanning system, a low occlusion approach is analyzed to find the best view for scanning by considering the object position instead of the sensor position. Based on a 2-axis 3D color scanner developed by OES/ITRI, the best position (BP) of an object on the rotary table will be focused to meet the best view requirements for the low cost scanner. Since the 2-axis 3D scanner only consists of linear and rotary moving apparatuses, in general, it needs 2 or more scanning processes to capture multiple layers to register and merge to a complete 3D file. In order to optimize the scanned layers and minimize the amount of data, we propose an algorithm to effectively decrease the amount of scanned layers and to acquire best-view data in the 2-axis 3D scanner based on the proposed best-position criteria. In the experimental results, the emphasized problems of the worst case really occur when the object is set at an infeasible position. And the best-view scanning is illustrated after the object is reallocated suitably with the best position by the proposed algorithm. Hence, besides the NBV problem, the low-occlusion criteria proposed in the paper also play an important role for acquiring complete 3D data. In future, we will focus on the development of the automatic procedure to combine the NBV solution to achieve more efficient scanning for any complex 3D model.
Two Metals Are Better Than One in the Gold Catalyzed Oxidative Heteroarylation of Alkenes (2011)

We present a detailed study of the mechanism for oxidative heteroarylation, based on DFT calculations and experimental observations. We propose binuclear Au(II)-Au(II) complexes to be key intermediates in the mechanism for gold catalyzed oxidative heteroarylation. The reaction is thought to proceed via a gold redox cycle involving initial oxidation of Au(I) to binuclear Au(II)-Au(II) complexes by Selectfluor, followed by heteroauration and reductive elimination. While it is tempting to invoke a transmetalation/reductive elimination mechanism similar to that proposed for other transition metal complexes, experimental and DFT studies suggest that the key C-C bond forming reaction occurs via a bimolecular reductive elimination process (devoid of transmetalation). In addition, the stereochemistry of the elimination step was determined experimentally to proceed with complete retention. Ligand and halide effects played an important role in the development and optimization of the catalyst; our data provides an explanation for the ligand effects observed experimentally, useful for future catalyst development. Cyclic voltammetry data is presented that supports redox synergy of the Au···Au aurophilic interaction. The monometallic reductive elimination from mononuclear Au(III) complexes is also studied from which we can predict a ~15 kcal/mol advantage for bimetallic reductive elimination.
Transcriptome Analysis of Post-Mortem Brain Tissue Reveals Up-Regulation of the Complement Cascade in a Subgroup of Schizophrenia Patients (2021)

Schizophrenia is a genetically complex neuropsychiatric disorder with largely unresolved mechanisms of pathology. Identification of genes and pathways associated with schizophrenia is important for understanding the development, progression and treatment of schizophrenia. In this study, pathways associated with schizophrenia were explored at the level of gene expression. The study included post-mortem brain tissue samples from 68 schizophrenia patients and 44 age and sex-matched control subjects. Whole transcriptome poly-A selected paired-end RNA sequencing was performed on tissue from the prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. RNA expression differences were detected between case and control individuals, focusing both on single genes and pathways. The results were validated with RT-qPCR. Significant differential expression between patient and controls groups was found for 71 genes. Gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed an up-regulation of multiple genes in immune response among the patients (corrected <i>p</i>-value = 0.004). Several genes in the category belong to the complement system, including <i>C1R</i>, <i>C1S</i>, <i>C7</i>, <i>FCN3</i>, <i>SERPING1</i>, <i>C4A</i> and <i>CFI</i>. The increased complement expression is primarily driven by a subgroup of patients with increased expression of immune/inflammatory response genes, pointing to important differences in disease etiology within the patient group. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis highlighted networks associated with both synaptic transmission and activation of the immune response. Our results demonstrate the importance of immune-related pathways in schizophrenia and provide evidence for elevated expression of the complement cascade as an important pathway in schizophrenia pathology.
Matching properties, and voltage and temperature dependence of MOS capacitors (1981)

The matching properties of MOS capacitors are modeled and compared with measured data. A weighted-capacitor array design approach is described. Voltage and temperature dependence of MOS capacitors are analyzed, modeled, and compared with measured data. It is shown that to a first-order heavily doped polysilicon accumulates and depletes similar to crystalline silicon.
Wnt11 Signaling Promotes Proliferation, Transformation, and Migration of IEC6 Intestinal Epithelial Cells (2004)

Wnts are morphogens with well recognized functions during embryogenesis. Aberrant Wnt signaling has been demonstrated to be important in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, the role of Wnt in regulating normal intestinal epithelial cell proliferation is not well established. Here we determine that Wnt11 is expressed throughout the mouse intestinal tract including the epithelial cells. Conditioned media from Wnt11-secreting cells stimulated proliferation and migration of IEC6 intestinal epithelial cells. Co-culture of Wnt11-secreting cells with IEC6 cells resulted in morphological transformation of the latter as evidenced by the formation of foci, a condition also accomplished by stable transfection of IEC6 with a Wnt11-expressing construct. Treatment of IEC6 cells with Wnt11 conditioned media failed to induce nuclear translocation of beta-catenin but led to increased activities of protein kinase C and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Inhibition of protein kinase C resulted in a decreased ability of Wnt11 to induce foci formation in IEC6 cells. Finally, E-cadherin was redistributed in Wnt11-treated IEC6 cells, resulting in diminished E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contact. We conclude that Wnt11 stimulates proliferation, migration, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and contact-independent growth of IEC6 cells by a beta-catenin-independent mechanism. These findings may help understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate proliferation and migration of intestinal epithelial cells.
Financial Risk Management by Insurers: An Analysis of the Process (1997)

Anthony M. Santomero, David F. Babbel, Financial Risk Management by Insurers: An Analysis of the Process, The Journal of Risk and Insurance, Vol. 64, No. 2, Symposium on Financial Risk Management in Insurance Firms (Jun., 1997), pp. 231-270
Modulating the wnt signaling pathway with small molecules (2017)

Wnt signaling is a critical component during embryonic development and also plays an important role in regulating adult tissue homeostasis. Abnormal activation of Wnt signaling has been implicated in many cancers, while reduced activity of Wnt signaling leads to poor wound healing and structural formations. Thus, extensive efforts have been focused on developing small molecules that have potential to either inhibit or activate the pathway, hoping these molecules can offer leads for novel approaches in treating different human diseases. Many small-molecule inhibitors specifically target various elements, such as Frizzled, Disheveled, Porcupine, or Tankyrase, within the Wnt signaling pathways. These small molecules not only have the potential to be further developed as therapeutic reagents, but they may also be used as chemical probes to dissect the underlying mechanism of the Wnt signaling pathways. Therefore, their respective mechanisms and effective dosages are highly pertinent. Aiming to provide an overview of those molecules in a concise, easy-to-use manner, we summarize and organize the current research on them so that it may be helpful for utilization in different studies.
Designing a modern memory hierarchy with hardware prefetching (2001)

In this paper, we address the severe performance gap caused by high processor clock rates and slow DRAM accesses. We show that, even with an aggressive, next-generation memory system using four Direct Rambus channels and an integrated one-megabyte level-two cache, a processor still spends over half its time stalling for L2 misses. Our experimental analysis begins with an effort to tune our baseline memory system aggressively: incorporating optimizations to reduce DRAM row buffer misses, reordering miss accesses to reduce queuing delay, and adjusting the L2 block size to match each channel organization. We show that there is a large gap between the block sizes at which performance is best and at which miss rate is minimized. Using those results, we evaluate a hardware prefetch unit integrated with the L2 cache and memory controllers. By issuing prefetches only when the Rambus channels are idle, prioritizing them to maximize DRAM row buffer hits, and giving them low replacement priority, we achieve a 65 percent speedup across 10 of the 26 SPEC2000 benchmarks, without degrading the performance of the others. With eight Rambus channels, these 10 benchmarks improve to within 10 percent of the performance of a perfect L2 cache.
Kinetics of RNA Refolding in Dynamic Equilibrium by <sup>1</sup>H-Detected <sup>15</sup>N Exchange NMR Spectroscopy (2006)

By implementing new NMR methods that were designed to map very slow exchange processes we have investigated and characterized the refolding kinetics of a thermodynamically stable 34mer RNA sequence in dynamic equilibrium. The RNA sequence was designed to undergo a topologically favored conformational exchange between different hairpin folds, serving as a model to estimate the minimal time required for more complex RNA folding processes. Chemically prepared RNA sequences with sequence-selective (15)N labels provided the required signal separation and allowed a straightforward signal assignment of the imino protons by HNN correlation experiments. The 2D version of the new (1)H-detected (15)N exchange spectroscopy (EXSY) pulse sequence provided cross-peaks for resonances belonging to different folds that interchange on the time scale of longitudinal relaxation of (15)N nuclei bound to imino protons. The 34mer RNA sequence exhibits two folds which exchange on the observable time scale (tau(obs) approximately T(1){(15)Nu} < 5 s) and a third fold which is static on this time scale. A 1D version of the (15)N exchange experiment allowed the measurement of the exchange rates between the two exchanging folds as a function of temperature and the determination of the corresponding activation energies E(a) and frequency factors A. We found that the refolding rates are strongly affected by an entropically favorable preorientation of the replacing strand. The activation energies are comparable to values obtained for the slow refolding of RNA sequences of similar thermodynamic stability but less favorable topology.
ChemInform Abstract: From Iron Chloride Graphite to Metal Nitrate GICs. Recent Synthetic Developments in GIC (Graphite Intercalation Compounds) Chemistry (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Integration technologies for pluggable backplane optical interconnect systems (2007)

Integration technologies for board-to-board optical interconnect systems are presented. In the module architecture, optical transmitters and receivers are placed on the line cards and the signals are routed to the optically passive backplane through optical jumpers. The backplane contains a light guiding layer with embedded polymer waveguides (WGs) and 45-deg reflector micromirrors. The WGs are fabricated by direct lithographic patterning and have propagation losses as low as 0.05 dB/cm. The wedge dicing technology is developed for fabrication of the 45-deg micromirrors with 0.5-dB excess losses. The pluggable optical connectors with microlens adaptors couple the light from the optical jumpers into the backplane WGs. Evaluation of the connector alignment tolerances demonstrates a very weak dependence of the coupling efficiency on the axial displacement and a more significant effect of the radial shifts. The presented results show that the displacement tolerances can be substantially improved with auxiliary lenses formed on the substrate. Prototype optical interconnect modules with integrated channel WGs, mirrors, and assembled connectors are fabricated with insertion losses of 5 to 6 dB. The modules successfully pass the high-speed transmission tests at data rates up to 11 Gbits/s.
Evidence for the requirement of sympathetic activity in the PGE1-induced lacrimal secretion in rabbits. (1983)

The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) administered either intraarterially or intravenously on basal fluid secretion from the lacrimal gland after various treatments was studied in anaesthetized rabbits. Intraarterial administration of either propranolol (1 mg/kg) or phentolamine (1 mg/kg) effectively prevented secretion induced by PGE1 but not by methacholine. Pretreatment with hexamethonium (1 mg/kg) markedly inhibited PGE1-mediated lacrimal flow whereas methacholine-induced secretion was not affected. The secretory response to PGE1 was completely blocked after section of postganglionic fibres of the ipsilateral superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. On the other hand, preganglionic sympathectomy had no effect on secretion evoked by PGE1. The effect of PGE1 was independent of the route of administration. The results are discussed in terms of stimulation of postganglionic sympathetic nerves by PGE1 to release noradrenaline. The latter, in turn, elicits fluid secretion by a process (or processes) involving activation of beta-receptors, most likely, on the secretory acinar cells.