gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature-induced inversion of allosteric phenomena. (1994)

Two instances, involving the enzymes carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase from Escherichia coli and phosphofructokinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus, respectively, are described in which increasing temperature alone causes the actions of an allosteric ligand to change from inhibition to activation. In neither case are these effects due to a change in the activation energy of the enzyme catalyzed reaction induced by the allosteric ligand. Rather, they are due to temperature-dependent changes in the extent to which the binding of allosteric ligand modifies the affinity of the enzyme for substrate. The data can be readily explained by an analysis of the apparent delta H and delta S components of the coupling free energy, which quantitatively describe the actions of allosteric ligands that act in this manner. These observations underscore the shortcomings of expecting to explain the actions of an allosteric ligand solely by the structural perturbations that accompany the binding of an allosteric ligand such as those often revealed by x-ray crystallography.
Long‐term continuous evolution of acetate resistant <i>Acetobacter aceti</i> (2003)

Elevated concentrations of cytotoxic acetate are found in many environmental niches, and few species are relatively resistant to acetate. In particular the high-level acetate resistance of so-called acetic acid bacteria that occurs in industrial settings must be constantly selected for. To investigate the nature of such high-level resistance, we grew the moderately acetate-resistant Acetobacter aceti wild-type and acetate-sensitive Escherichia coli in long-term continuous cultures with increasing acetate concentrations at near neutral pH. While E. coli did not acquire any significant resistance after 125 generations of selection, A. aceti evolved the capability to grow at acetate concentrations exceeding 50 g/L within 240 generations. This phenotype was found to be stable for several generations in the absence of selective pressure, hence must be genetically determined. Intracellular acetate concentrations were significantly lower in evolved A. aceti, when compared to wild-type A. aceti and E. coli, indicating that cytoplasmatic anion accumulation is an important component of acetate toxicity.
Efficient generation, purification, and expansion of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells from nonhuman primate–induced pluripotent stem cells (2012)

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) therapeutics are a promising treatment for genetic and infectious diseases. To assess engraftment, risk of neoplastic formation, and therapeutic benefit in an autologous setting, testing iPSC therapeutics in an appropriate model, such as the pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina; Mn), is crucial. Here, we developed a chemically defined, scalable, and reproducible specification protocol with bone morphogenetic protein 4, prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), and StemRegenin 1 (SR1) for hematopoietic differentiation of Mn iPSCs. Sequential coculture with bone morphogenetic protein 4, PGE2, and SR1 led to robust Mn iPSC hematopoietic progenitor cell formation. The combination of PGE2 and SR1 increased CD34(+)CD38(-)Thy1(+)CD45RA(-)CD49f(+) cell yield by 6-fold. CD34(+)CD38(-)Thy1(+)CD45RA(-)CD49f(+) cells isolated on the basis of CD34 expression and cultured in SR1 expanded 3-fold and maintained this long-term repopulating HSC phenotype. Purified CD34(high) cells exhibited 4-fold greater hematopoietic colony-forming potential compared with unsorted hematopoietic progenitors and had bilineage differentiation potential. On the basis of these studies, we calculated the cell yields that must be achieved at each stage to meet a threshold CD34(+) cell dose that is required for engraftment in the pigtail macaque. Our protocol will support scale-up and testing of iPSC-derived CD34(high) cell therapies in a clinically relevant nonhuman primate model.
Pharmacology and anti‐addiction effects of the novel κ opioid receptor agonist<scp>M</scp>esyl<scp>S</scp>al<scp>B</scp>, a potent and long‐acting analogue of salvinorin<scp>A</scp> (2014)

This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.
Effects of Low-Temperature Acclimation and Oxygen Stress on Tocopheron Production in <i>Euglena gracilis</i> Z (1985)

The effects of low-temperature acclimation and oxygen stress on tocopheron production were examined in the unicellular phytoflagellate Euglena gracilis Z. Cells were cultured photoheterotrophically at 27.5 +/- 1 degrees C with 5% carbon dioxide-95% air and 740 microeinsteins m s (photosynthetically active radiation) and served as controls. Low-temperature acclimation (12.5 +/- 1 degrees C) and high-oxygen stress (5% carbon dioxide-95% oxygen) were individually examined in the mass culturing of the algae. Chromatographic analyses demonstrated a six-to sevenfold enhancement of alpha-tocopherol production in temperature-stressed cells, along with a concomitant decline in the levels of alpha-tocotrienol and the absence of other tocopherol homologs. Oxygen-stressed cultures demonstrated the presence of high levels of alpha-tocopherylquinone; alpha-tocopheron and its homologs and precursors were absent or declined markedly. These findings are discussed in terms of the feasibility of microbial production of natural tocopherols. In addition, these results lend themselves to speculation regarding the biological role(s) of tocopherols as antioxidants and free radical scavengers in reducing photo-induced oxidative damage or lipid peroxidation toxicities or both in photosynthetically active E. gracilis Z.
Hepatitis B viral infection. (1988)

Although the strategy of replication of hepatitis B virus has now been described, the majority of the compounds that have activity against the virus have been identified by empirical means. Vidarabine, acyclovir, and interferons alpha and beta are capable of inhibiting hepatitis B virus replication; however, at the present time, optimal treatment regimens have not been defined. The effects of interferons alpha and beta given in short courses are only transient. Longer courses of intermittent therapy have resulted in seroconversion rates of up to 50 percent in Western European carriers. It is becoming apparent that patients infected with hepatitis B virus in adult life have a relative deficiency of interferon alpha, and it is these patients who have the best responses to protracted courses of intermittent therapy.
Regulation of Neuronal Glutathione Synthesis (2008)

The brain is among the major organs generating large amounts of reactive oxygen species and is especially susceptible to oxidative stress. Glutathione (GSH) plays critical roles as an antioxidant, enzyme cofactor, cysteine storage form, the major redox buffer, and a neuromodulator in the central nervous system. GSH deficiency has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. GSH is a tripeptide comprised of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. Cysteine is the rate-limiting substrate for GSH synthesis within neurons. Most neuronal cysteine uptake is mediated by sodium-dependent excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) systems, known as excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1). Previous studies demonstrated EAAT is vulnerable to oxidative stress, leading to impaired function. A recent study found EAAC1-deficient mice to have decreased brain GSH levels and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. The function of EAAC1 is also regulated by glutamate transporter associated protein 3-18. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying GSH synthesis, especially those related to neuronal cysteine transport via EAAC1, as well as on the importance of GSH functions against oxidative stress.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligomers of Enantiopure Bicyclic γ/δ‐Amino Acids (BTAa). Part 1. Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of 3‐Aza‐6,8‐dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane‐7‐carboxylic Acid Oligomers (PolyBTG). (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Statistics of Dislocation Slip Avalanches in Nanosized Single Crystals Show Tuned Critical Behavior Predicted by a Simple Mean Field Model (2012)

We show that slowly sheared metallic nanocrystals deform via discrete strain bursts (slips), whose size distributions follow power laws with stress-dependent cutoffs. We show for the first time that plasticity reflects tuned criticality, by collapsing the stress-dependent slip-size distributions onto a predicted scaling function. Both power-law exponents and scaling function agree with mean-field theory predictions. Our study of 7 materials and 2 crystal structures, at various deformation rates, stresses, and crystal sizes down to 75 nm, attests to the universal characteristics of plasticity.
Endothelin-1 Plasma Concentrations in Depressed Patients and Healthy Controls (1999)

Depression and cardiovascular morbidity are known to be associated. So far, however, the pathophysiological link between these conditions is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that in depressed hypercortisolemic patients endothelin-1 (ET-1) plasma concentrations are increased and contribute to the cardiovascular risk. Diurnal plasma concentrations of cortisol and ET-1 were measured in 29 healthy controls and 22 depressed patients. ANCOVA did not reveal a significant effect of diagnosis or age upon ET-1 concentrations. However, only in depressed patients, cortisol plasma concentrations tended to be positively related to ET-1 concentrations. We conclude that ET-1 is not increased in depressed patients, but within this group, hypercortisolemia may be associated with increased ET-1 concentrations.
The effect of corner radius of curvature on the mechanical strength of micromachined single-crystal silicon structures (2002)

The burst pressure of typical diaphragm structures is measured for devices that have various radii of curvature at the sharp corner. When pressure is applied to the etched side of the diaphragm, burst pressure is increased by over 50% in devices with radii of curvature as little as 0.2 mu m compared to devices with no measurable radii of curvature. Devices with radii of curvature of 1.5 mu m have burst pressures that are 5* higher than those manufactured with customary methods. Finite element submodeling has been used to simulate the test results, and the models estimate the fracture strength of (100) silicon wafers at 990 kpsi in the (110) direction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neural mechanisms coordinating the female reproductive system in the locust (2009)

The production of viable offspring is a complex task, involving courtship, mating, maturation of eggs, ovulation, fertilization of eggs, and oviposition. With particular regard to the female, the reproductive system must produce eggs at the appropriate time and deposit them after fertilization in an appropriate place. Thus, the various structures of the reproductive system must be tightly coordinated and integrated. This review focuses on the female reproductive system and the neural mechanisms that lead to its integrated control. Central pattern generators, that are linked, control oviposition digging behavior, and contractions of the lower lateral and upper common oviducts that lead to retention of eggs. Sensory neurons also provide information about the presence of an egg in the genital chamber via a feedback loop to coordinate the spermatheca and thereby, fertilization. Neuropeptides and amines can modulate central and peripheral control mechanisms. These neural mechanisms are integrated such as to produce coordinated behavior, leading to the accomplishment of the ultimate task, that of producing viable offspring.
Enzyme immobilisation: fundamentals and application (2013)

A graphical abstract is available for this content
Activity Delay in Stochastic Project Networks (1997)

In this paper we deal with a stochastic project network and consider the impact of activity delay to maximize the expected present value of a project. It is shown that in certain situations, delaying the onset of an activity from its earliest start time can indeed increase the present value of a project due to the postponing of associated negative cash flows. Furthermore, a project that could otherwise be rejected (negative expected present value) may become profitable (positive expected present value) due to delay. We demonstrate that even activities on the critical path, as determined by each activity's expected duration, may be profitably delayed. Optimal and approximate procedures are developed to determine the amount of delay of the various activities.
Superconducting multiple loop quantum interferometers (2001)

We present experimental results on the magnetic field B dependent voltage response V(B) of a number of N resistively shunted Josephson junctions connected in parallel by a multiple loop network. For an appropriate distribution of the array loop sizes, such networks constitute superconducting quantum interference filters (SQIFs) with voltage response functions V(B) that are not /spl Phi//sub 0/-periodic. The voltage response of SQIFs is a unique function around a global minimum at B=0 that has a high sensitivity and a low noise level. In contrast to conventional superconducting quantum interference devices, SQIFs can be directly employed as highly sensitive magnetometers allowing the absolute measurement of magnetic fields. The experimental results are in very good agreement with the theoretical predictions on which basis the SQIF has been fabricated, All findings suggest that superconducting quantum interference filters may allow the design of novel superconducting devices.
[Differential diagnosis of lymph nodes in oral-maxillary regions by ultrasonography]. (1990)

We divided lymph nodes into three groups, those that are normal, those with lymphadenitis, and those that are metastatic. We analyzed these groups based on their ultrasonographic images by measuring maximum cross-section, L/T ratio, coutour, internal echo images, and posterior echo images, and examined the results statistically. In this study, especially for images relevant to internal echoes, the sound wave reflected from the interior of the lymph nodes was taken as aggregate of bright spots, which were analyzed in terms of the following aspects: texture or size, distribution pattern, and brightness. The results are as follows. (1) The size of the lymph nodes is 7.1 +/- 1.7 mm (mean +/- S.D.) for normal, 10.6 +/- 3.8 mm for lymphadenitis, and 13.1 +/- 7.3 mm for metastatic. (2) The L/T ratio is 0.55 +/- 0.16 for normal, 0.64 +/- 0.21 for lymphadenitis, and 0.83 +/- 0.15 for metastatic. (3) The increment of the lymph node size and the variation in L/T ratio are plotted in the disperation diagram. It was concluded that differential diagnosis would be difficult only based on the size and L/T ratio of the lymph nodes under study. (4) The contour appears indistinct in normal lymph nodes, especially in their lateral aspect, while it is distinct around the whole circumference in lymph nodes with inflammation or metastatic cancer. (5) From the analysis based on texture, distribution, and brightness of the echo images of the interior of lymph nodes, it was concluded that in metastatic lymph nodes, aggregated echoes are distributed unevenly, and their brightness is similar to that of adjacent tissues. 6. Posterior echo images were unique findings that showed acute lymphadenitis. Those analytical results based on the three types of findings were rated and submitted to T-tests, which showed that there is a significant difference at a level of 5% among normal lymph nodes, those with inflammatory changes, and those with metastases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Radiopaque poly(ε-caprolactone) as additive for X-ray imaging of temporary implantable medical devices (2015)

A family of radiopaque PCL, poly(ε-caprolactone-<italic>co</italic>-α-triiodobenzoate-ε-caprolactone), has been designed, used and evaluated as macromolecular contrast agent for X-ray imaging of implantable polymeric biomaterials.
A review of the techniques used for modeling single-event effects in power MOSFETs (1996)

Heavy ions can trigger catastrophic failure modes in power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Single-event effects (SEE), namely, single-event burnout (SEB), and single-event gate rupture (SEGR), of power MOSFETs are catastrophic failure mechanisms that are initiated by the passage of a heavy ion through the device structure. Various analytical, semianalytical, and simulation models have been developed to help explain these phenomena. This paper presents a review of these models and explains their merits and limitations. New results are included to illustrate the approaches.
Degradation of rye arabinoxylans in the large intestine of pigs (1999)

Four types of rye bread (based on whole rye, pericarp/testa, aleurone or endosperm) differing in arabinoxylan (AX) structure were fed to pigs. Collected intestinal material was extracted with cold water and 4 M potassium hydroxide, and the AX were characterised by methylation analyses. The endosperm AX were extensively and readily degraded in the caecum (0.78), whereas pericarp/testa AX were undegraded in the intestinal tract of pigs. Aleurone AX were also degraded to a large extent (faecal digestibility 0.73) but at a slower rate, and, in agreement, structural modification of aleurone AX also took place beyond the proximal colon. The differences in AX degradability correlated well with differences in water and alkali extractability and differences in structural characteristics of the AX. Endosperm AX were thus characterised by a large content of water-extractable AX and pericarp/testa AX by a very high degree of (mono- and double-) xylose substitution. In contrast, aleurone AX were characterised by the presence of an alkali-extractable AX with a very low degree of substitution, which precipitated upon dialysis of the alkali extract. The faecal xylose substitution patterns were similar irrespective of diet. The study thus showed that the structural characteristics of a dietary fibre component influenced dietary fibre degradation in pigs, which may hold important implications for the colonic health in monogastrics. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of a zero-flux type current sensor (1993)

The operation of a zero-flux type current sensor that uses negative feedback through the magnetic circuit is analyzed. By focusing on the intrinsic current transformer-like operation of the sensor, the principal mechanism of operation is clarified. It is noted that this type of sensor has high-performance characteristics which are not achieved with conventional sensors. Analytical results agree well with experimental ones.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The management of nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer (2000)

Nausea and vomiting represent a significant problem in patients with advanced cancer, which not only affects their quality of life but also the lives of informal carers. The application of nursing assessment tools, underpinned by a thorough knowledge regarding the physiology and aetiology of nausea and vomiting in this group of patients enables nurses to plan and provide effective interventions, in collaboration with other members of the multidisciplinary team. This article describes the physiological basis of nausea and vomiting. Epidemiological data informs the subsequent discussion, which focuses on assessment in terms of identifying the problem and its cause(s), setting goals with the patient and his/her carers, planning appropriate nursing intervention to support medical interventions and evaluating clinical outcomes. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for nausea and vomiting are discussed.
Teechain: A Secure Asynchronous Blockchain Payment Network (2017)

Blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum execute payment transactions securely, but their performance is limited by the need for global consensus. Payment networks overcome this limitation through off-chain transactions. Instead of writing to the blockchain for each transaction, they only settle the final payment balances with the underlying blockchain. When executing off-chain transactions in current payment networks, parties must access the blockchain within bounded time to detect misbehaving parties that deviate from the protocol. This opens a window for attacks in which a malicious party can steal funds by deliberately delaying other parties' blockchain access and prevents parties from using payment networks when disconnected from the blockchain. We present Teechain, the first layer-two payment network that executes off-chain transactions asynchronously with respect to the underlying blockchain. To prevent parties from misbehaving, Teechain uses treasuries, protected by hardware trusted execution environments (TEEs), to establish off-chain payment channels between parties. Treasuries maintain collateral funds and can exchange transactions efficiently and securely, without interacting with the underlying blockchain. To mitigate against treasury failures and to avoid having to trust all TEEs, Teechain replicates the state of treasuries using committee chains, a new variant of chain replication with threshold secret sharing. Teechain achieves at least a 33x higher transaction throughput than the state-of-the-art Lightning payment network. A 30-machine Teechain deployment can handle over 1 million Bitcoin transactions per second.
Efficient second harmonic generation of femtosecond laser at 1 �m (2004)

By using spectrally noncritical phase-matching in a partially deuterated KDP around its retracing point of phase-matching, we have experimentally and numerically investigated the characteristics of second-harmonic generation (SHG) with femtosecond laser at 1 microm for the first time. This phase-matching configuration can support efficient SHG over 20nm bandwidth of the fundamental laser at 1 microm in a 10-mm-long crystal. Efficiency of harmonic conversion as high as 55% has been demonstrated.
Impact of jitter and jitter buffer on the final quality of the transferred voice (2012)

This paper deals with analysis of relation between packet delay variations (jitter), length of jitter buffer and final voice transmission quality. For adjusting of IP channel network emulator NISTNet is used. For adjusting of buffer length VoIP client Linphone is used. Criterion of transmission quality is a MOS parameter investigated with an algorithms ITU-T P.862 PESQ and P.863 POLQA.
Non-toxic Drug Being Tested To Treat Cancer and Anemias (1992)

Journal Article Non-toxic Drug Being Tested To Treat Cancer and Anemias Get access Kara Smigel Kara Smigel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 18, 16 September 1992, Pages 1398–1399, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.18.1398 Published: 16 September 1992
Genome Sequence of the Oleaginous Red Yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides MTCC 457 (2012)

We report the de novo assembled 20.05-Mb draft genome of the red yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides MTCC 457, predicted to encode 5,993 proteins, 4 rRNAs, and 125 tRNAs. Proteins known to be unique to oleaginous fungi are present among the predicted proteins. The genome sequence will be valuable for molecular genetic analysis and manipulation of lipid accumulation in this yeast and for developing it as a potential host for biofuel production.