gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1984)

STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus has persisted and is now resurging as an important hospital and community pathogen.1 In recent data gathered by the Centers for Disease Control, Staph. aureus finished second behind Escherichia coli as a cause of all types of hospital-acquired infections and essentially equaled that organism in causing hospital-acquired bacteremias.2 Although the exact incidence of community-acquired Staph. aureus sepsis is not known, it continues to be the most common cause of serious progressive skin, soft-tissue, and post-traumatic infections in that setting. Staph. aureus is marvelously equipped as a pathogen, containing biochemical machinery that enables it to colonize quickly and invade . . .
The use of protein A‐containing <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> as a solid phase anti‐IgG reagent in radioimmunoassays as exemplified in the quantitation of α‐fetoprotein in normal human adult serum (1974)

Abstract A new technique for the separation of antigen‐antibody complexes from free antigen in radioimmunoassays has been developed. The technique is based on the interaction between the Fc portion of IgG and staphylococcal protein A. One ml of a 10 % suspension of formaldehyde‐treated and heat‐killed staphylococci of strain Cowan I, particularly rich in protein A, at equivalence binds 1.2–1.5 mg IgG in a pure IgG solution and 0.8–1.0 mg of IgG present in serum. This staphylococcal solid phase anti‐IgG reagent is added in excess of the IgG content in the preincubated radioimmunoassay reaction mixture. Centrifugation can be started within minutes. The bacteria form a solid pellet, so the supernatant can be decanted without further washing being required. Nonspecific uptake of radioactivity is below 7 %. In our assay for human α‐fetoprotein using antiserum raised in the rabbit, completeness of separation is better than 98 %. The present technique will differentiate between the presence of antigen and homologous IgG antibody in a sample tested.
Fouling of stainless steel surfaces by heated whole milk : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Food Technology (2001)

Osteochondral defects in the knee are difficult to repair because intrinsic healing of cartilage is poor and gradual progression to "early-onset" osteoarthritis leads to severe pain and disability. Of all methods tested to achieve regeneration of hyaline cartilage and long-lasting repair, autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACI-C and MACI) has been the most successful with 80% of good results and graft survival in this unit in a very large series over 10 years. The repair mechanism is unclear but our work shows that the criteria for success are: young patient age, no previous operative procedures on the defect, no obesity, no smoking, defect on femoral condyles or trochlea and no pre-existing degenerative joint changes. Future research is aimed at non-transplantation, single-stage procedures aided by use of new scaffolds and growth factors and the extension of such techniques into arthritic joints.
An Investigation of the McDonnell XP-85 Airplane in the Ames 40- by 80-foot Wind Tunnel. Force and Moment Tests (1948)

Wind-tunnel tests of the McDonnell XP-85 airplane were conducted to determine its longitudinal, lateral, and directional stability and the characteristics of the aileron, the ruddervator, the leading-edge droop nose flap, and the stall control vanes. The directional stability of the airplane with numerous skyhook modifications and with a ventral fin was also investigated. The results of the tests showed that the effectiveness of the droop nose flaps and the stall control vanes was negligible with regard to either the maximum lift or longitudinal stability of the airplane. Contrary to any previous small-scale results, extension of the skyhook caused a 75-percent reduction in the directional stability of the airplane for both low and high values of lift coefficient. The simplest solution to the problem short of a major redesign of the skyhook appears to be the adoption of a ventral fin.
Ultra-sensitive compact fiber sensor based on nanoparticle surface enhanced Raman scattering (2005)

The demand for sensors for detecting chemical and biological agents is greater than ever before, including medical, environmental, food safety, military, and security applications. At present, most detection or sensing techniques tend to be either non-molecule specific, bulky, expensive, relatively inaccurate, or unable to provide real time data. Clearly, alternative sensing technologies are urgently needed. In this paper, we present a novel sensor with a nanoparticle surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate coated on D-shaped or end-polished fibers for chemical, biological, and environmental detection. The sensor will be highly sensitive, molecular specific, reliable, label-free, non-invasive, inexpensive, easy to produce commercially using existing technologies, compatible with existing lasers and detectors, and applicable to a large number of molecules of interest. This is made possible by the unique sensor architecture based on a combination of optical fiber technology and novel SERS substrates, where SERS provides the high sensitivity (10<sup>6</sup>-10<sup>15</sup> enhancement factor), molecular specificity, and applicability to a wide range of compounds, while the novel fiber configurations provide the flexibility, compactness, reliability, low cost, and ease of production.
Effects of central nervous system lesions on the expression of galanin: a comparative in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical study. (1990)

We have used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to study the expression of galanin mRNA and galanin-like immunoreactivity after decortication and lesions of the ventral hippocampus. After decortication the levels of both galanin mRNA and galanin-like immunoreactivity were increased in the dorsal raphe nucleus. In addition, in decorticated rats, but not in controls, galanin mRNA could be seen in dorsal and ventral nuclei of the thalamus and in the remaining parts of the cortex. Increases in galanin mRNA and galanin-like immunoreactivity were also observed in the septum-vertical diagonal band after electrocoagulation lesions of the ventral hippocampus. In contrast, no changes were found after ibotenic acid lesions of the same hippocampal area. These results suggest that increases in the expression of galanin occur in certain neuron populations after direct lesion of their axons and/or terminal fields.
A Monolithic CMOS Image Sensor With Wire-Grid Polarizer Filter Mosaic in the Focal Plane (2014)

In this paper, we report on an image sensor with an integrated focal-plane 2 × 2 wire-grid polarizer for the visible spectrum, fabricated in a 65-nm standard CMOS technology. This imager enables the reconstruction of the polarization response for each pixel. Finite-difference time-domain method has been used to optimize the extinction ratio (ER) in the visible spectrum of a multilayered focal-plane wire-grid polarizer. Experimental results show that an ER of 16.35 dB is achieved with a standard error of ~ 0.25% between the experimental results and the fitting sinusoidal polarization response curve. Design guidelines for the wire-grid polarizer are derived based on numerical analysis and experimental results. Sensitivity ratio is defined to balance the tradeoff between the intensity sensitivity and polarization sensitivity of the imager.
Polymer micellar aggregates of novel amphiphilic biodegradable graft copolymer composed of poly(aspartic acid) derivatives: Preparation, characterization, and effect of pH on aggregation (2005)

Abstract Novel amphiphilic biodegradable graft copolymer based on poly(aspartic acid) was prepared by attaching monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) as hydrophiphic segment to poly(aspartic acid‐ g ‐octadecylamine) (PASP‐ g ‐ODA) as hydrophobic backbone. The chemical structures of amphiphilic copolymers were confirmed by FTIR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The polymeric micelles were prepared with solvent evaporation and their physicochemical properties in aqueous media were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence spectroscopy. These micelles were confirmed to be pH‐sensitive by measuring optical transmittance of micelle solution and the size of micellar aggregates. The number average diameter of polymeric micelles prepared in medium at pH 2.5 was larger than that in neutral and basic medium and showed a bimodal size distribution because of the protonation of carboxyl groups in backbone. Furthermore, the polymeric micelle can load water‐insoluble drug (podophyllotoxin), and the drug release from micelles showed a pH‐dependency. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli in Central Greece: mechanisms of resistance and molecular identification (2012)

Our findings suggest that, ST131 and ST410 predominate in the ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli population.
Multimerization of ICP0, a herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein (1992)

ICP0, a herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene product, is a highly phosphorylated nuclear protein that is a potent activator of virus and host genes. Using biochemical and genetic assays employing plasmids encoding mutant forms of ICP0 and a recombinant adenovirus that expresses ICP0, we mutant forms of ICP0 and a recombinant adenovirus that expresses ICP0, we provide evidence that the protein multimerizes. Some mutant forms of ICP0 were transdominant and interfered with activation of a target reporter gene or with complementation of an ICP0-minus virus.
Saquinavir pharmacokinetics alone and in combination with ritonavir in HIV-infected patients (1997)

For some patients, administration of SQV 600 mg three times daily results in very low SQV plasma levels and possibly little antiviral effect. Combination of SQV with RIT results in a significant drug interaction mediated by enzyme inhibition which exposes patients to very high SQV concentrations and potential toxicity. If combination therapy with SQV plus RIT is considered then the dose of SQV should be greatly reduced.
Lanthanide Trifluoromethanesulfonates as Stable Lewis Acids in Aqueous Media. Yb(OTf)3 Catalyzed Hydroxymethylation Reaction of Silyl Enol Ethers with Commercial Formaldehyde Solution (1991)

Abstract Silyl enol ethers smoothly react with commercial formaldehyde solution to give the corresponding hydroxymethylated adducts in high yields by the promotion of a catalytic amount of ytterbium(III) triflate (Yb(OTf)3), which is a stable Lewis acid in aqueous media. Other lanthanide triflates are also found to be effective.
Pulse Pressure and Systolic Blood Pressure (2002)

According to the results of the latest Framingham Heart Study, with increasing age, there is a gradual shift from diastolic blood pressure (DBP to systolic blood pressure (SBP and then finally to pulse pressure (PP as predictors of coronary heart disease (CHD risk. After age 60, DBP was negatively related to CHD risk and PP became superior to SBP as a predictor. A hallmark of the aging process is vascular wall thickening, which is more marked in the central elastic arteries than in the peripheral arteries. Consequently, SBP and PP increase in the central large arteries resulting in a decrease in the pulse amplification between the central and peripheral arteries with increasing age. The PP wave is a summation of an incident wave and a reflected wave, and an earlier return of reflected wave is seen in older subjects due to arterial stiffness and resultant rapid pulse wave velocity (PWV. The major determinant of PWV is age, followed by SBP. In addition to a significant correlation between PWV and various cardiovascular (CV risk factors, PWV constitutes a marker of atherosclerosis and has been reported as a robust predictor of CV risk and CV mortality. For the treatment of SBP and PP, nitrate, spironalactone, ACE inhibitor, AngII AT1 receptor blocker and calcium channel blocker have been shown to be effective in decreasing PWV. Additionally, identifying patients with a genetic polymorphism like the AngII AT1 receptor gene may be very helpful for specific drug treatments. (Korean Circulation J 2002;32(4 :293-298
367. The dehydration of r-2-phenyl-1-o-, -m-, and -p-tolyl-1-ethyl-ethylene glycols (α-forms) (1937)

R. Roger and A. M. Roberts, J. Chem. Soc., 1937, 1753 DOI: 10.1039/JR9370001753
Challenges of flip chip packaging with embedded fine line and multi-layer coreless substrate (2015)

As mobile electronics are continuously driven for compact, slim and lightweight, miniaturization of IC packaging has been a must. Coreless substrate with fine-trace embedded technology is a key to achieve package miniaturization. Compare to conventional substrate, coreless substrate technology eliminates the substrate core, and utilize build-up layers to interconnect the chip and the PCB board. It brings about not only low z-height, lightweight, but also short interconnection and good power integrity. Coreless technology is a promising solution for the next generation substrate.
Performance, Efficiency, and Emissions Characterization of Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines Fueled with Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends (2007)

Hydrogen is an attractive fuel source not only because it is abundant and renewable but also because it produces almost zero regulated emissions. Internal combustion engines fueled by compressed natural gas (CNG) are operated throughout a variety of industries in a number of mobile and stationary applications. While CNG engines offer many advantages over conventional gasoline and diesel combustion engines, CNG engine performance can be substantially improved in the lean operating region. Lean operation has a number of benefits, the most notable of which is reduced emissions. However, the extremely low flame propagation velocities of CNG greatly restrict the lean operating limits of CNG engines. Hydrogen, however, has a high flame speed and a wide operating limit that extends into the lean region. The addition of hydrogen to a CNG engine makes it a viable and economical method to significantly extend the lean operating limit and thereby improve performance and reduce emissions. Drawbacks of hydrogen as a fuel source, however, include lower power density due to a lower heating value per unit volume as compared to CNG, and susceptibility to pre-ignition and engine knock due to wide flammability limits and low minimum ignition energy. Combining hydrogen with CNG, however, overcomes the drawbacks inherent in each fuel type. Objectives of the current study were to evaluate the feasibility of using blends of hydrogen and natural gas as a fuel for conventional natural gas engines. The experiment and data analysis included evaluation of engine performance, efficiency, and emissions along with detailed in-cylinder measurements of key physical parameters. This provided a detailed knowledge base of the impact of using hydrogen/natural gas blends. A four-stroke, 4.2 L, V-6 naturally aspirated natural gas engine coupled to an eddy current dynamometer was used to measure the impact of hydrogen/natural gas blends on performance, thermodynamic efficiency and exhaust gas emissions in a reciprocating four stroke cycle engine. The test matrix varied engine load and air-to-fuel ratio at throttle openings of 50% and 100% at equivalence ratios of 1.00 and 0.90 for hydrogen percentages of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume. In addition, tests were performed at 100% throttle opening, with an equivalence ratio of 0.98 and a hydrogen blend of 20% to further investigate CO emission variations. Data analysis indicated that the use of hydrogen/natural gas fuel blend penalizes the engine operation with a 1.5 to 2.0% decrease in torque, but provided up to a 36% reduction in CO, a 30% reduction in NOX, and a 5% increase in brake thermal efficiency. These results concur with previous results published in the open literature. Further reduction in emissions can be obtained by retarding the ignition timing.
Symptoms of Stress and Depression as Correlates of Sleep in Primary Insomnia (2000)

Observed relationships among symptoms of stress, depression, subjective sleep complaints, and electroencephalographic power may be relevant to the discrepancy between subjective and objective measures of sleep in patients with insomnia and may be more broadly applicable to sleep complaints in association with stressful life events and major depression.
Activation of Mammalian Unfolded Protein Response Is Compatible with the Quality Control System Operating in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (2004)

Newly synthesized secretory and transmembrane proteins are folded and assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where an efficient quality control system operates so that only correctly folded molecules are allowed to move along the secretory pathway. The productive folding process in the ER has been thought to be supported by the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. However, a dilemma has emerged; activation of ATF6, a key regulator of mammalian UPR, requires intracellular transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. This suggests that unfolded proteins might be leaked from the ER together with ATF6 in response to ER stress, exhibiting proteotoxicity in the secretory pathway. We show here that ATF6 and correctly folded proteins are transported to the Golgi apparatus via the same route and by the same mechanism under conditions of ER stress, whereas unfolded proteins are retained in the ER. Thus, activation of the UPR is compatible with the quality control in the ER and the ER possesses a remarkable ability to select proteins to be transported in mammalian cells in marked contrast to yeast cells, which actively utilize intracellular traffic to deal with unfolded proteins accumulated in the ER.
Selecting Materials for Radiation Balanced Lasers (2000)

Well-characterized solid-state laser materials are evaluated for performance in radiation balanced laser systems. New figures-of-merit are developed and applied to ytterbium doped materials. Superior performance is predicted for high cross section tungstate materials. Photothermal deflection experiments on samples of Yb 3+ doped KGd(WO 4 ) 2 confirm anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling. Observations of optical cooling in this high figure-of-merit material confirm the potential of this approach for laser power scaling.
Export and purification of a cytoplasmic dimeric protein by fusion to the maltose‐binding protein of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1990)

A hybrid between the maltose-binding protein (MalE) of Escherichia coli and the gene 5 protein (G5P) of phage M13 was constructed at the genetic level. MalE is a monomeric and periplasmic protein while G5P is dimeric and cytoplasmic. The hybrid (MalE-G5P) was synthesized in large amounts from a multicopy plasmid and efficiently exported into the periplasmic space of E. coli. The export was dependent on the integrity of the signal peptide. MalE-G5P was purified from a periplasmic extract by affinity chromatography on cross-linked amylose, with a yield larger than 50,000 molecules/E. coli cell. The hybrid specifically bound denatured but not double-stranded DNA cellulose, as native G5P. Sedimentation velocity and gel-filtration experiments showed that MalE-G5P exists as a dimer. Thus, it was possible to efficiently translocate through the membrane a normally cytoplasmic and dimeric protein, by fusion to MalE. Moreover, the passenger protein kept its activity, specificity and quaternary structure in the purified hybrid. MalE-G5P will enable the study of mutant G5P that no longer binds single-stranded DNA and therefore cannot be purified by DNA-cellulose chromatography.
An improved ZVZCS PWM FB DC/DC converter using energy recovery snubber (2002)

The conventional high frequency phase-shifted full-bridge DC/DC power converter has a disadvantage that a circulating current flows through the transformer and switching devices during the freewheeling interval. Due to this circulating current, RMS current stress, conduction losses of transformer and switching devices are increased. To alleviate this problem, this paper provides a circulating current free-type high-frequency ZVZCS phase-shifted full bridge (FB) DC/DC power converter with an energy recovery snubber attached at the secondary side of transformer. The energy recovery snubber adopted in this study is consisted of three fast recovery diodes and two resonant capacitors.
An AutoAnalyzer Procedure for Serum Iron and Total Iron-Binding Capacity, with Use of Ferrozine (1971)

Abstract An AutoAnalyzer method has been developed in which the recently introduced reagent for iron, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-bis(4-phenylsulfonic acid)-1,2,4-triazine ("ferrozine"), is used. With the Technicon colorimeter or Gilford 300-N spectrophotometer in use, sampling rates may be 30/h or 50/h, respectively. Sample volume is 0.8 ml, and measurements are made at 560 nm. A procedure for measuring total iron-binding capacity is also described.
Controlled Anisotropic Growth of Co‐Fe‐P from Co‐Fe‐O Nanoparticles (2015)

A facile approach to bimetallic phosphides, Co-Fe-P, by a high-temperature (300 °C) reaction between Co-Fe-O nanoparticles and trioctylphosphine is presented. The growth of Co-Fe-P from the Co-Fe-O is anisotropic. As a result, Co-Fe-P nanorods (from the polyhedral Co-Fe-O nanoparticles) and sea-urchin-like Co-Fe-P (from the cubic Co-Fe-O nanoparticles) are synthesized with both the nanorod and the sea-urchin-arm dimensions controlled by Co/Fe ratios. The Co-Fe-P structure, especially the sea-urchin-like (Co(0.54)Fe(0.46))2P, shows enhanced catalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction in KOH with its catalytic efficiency surpassing the commercial Ir catalyst. Our synthesis is simple and may be readily extended to the preparation of other multimetallic phosphides for important catalysis and energy storage applications.
Antimicrobial Activity of B-Lock against Bacterial and Candida spp. Causing Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections (2011)

The triple combination trimethoprim, EDTA, and ethanol (B-Lock), is an antimicrobial lock solution for use in indwelling intravascular catheters to prevent and treat catheter-associated infections. B-Lock demonstrated MICs of ≤0.05% (percentage of solution) against Candida spp. (n = 125) and 0.003% to 25% against bacterial strains (n = 175). B-Lock was also fungicidal against the majority of the Candida strains at 6% to 25%. B-Lock demonstrates potential value for the prevention and treatment of catheter-associated infections.
Strategic partnering in Eastern Europe (1991)

Abstract There are alternatives to the much‐touted “joint venture” in Eastern Europe. Some of these, such as licensing and cooperation agreements, have actually been available for some time. Others, like wholly owned subsidiaries, mergers, and acquisitions, are in the early stages of development. Clearly, the pace of reform indicates it is time to rethink the conventional wisdom on corporate development in Eastern Europe.