gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field testing of modular borehole monitoring with simultaneous distributed acoustic sensing and geophone vertical seismic profiles at Citronelle, Alabama (2015)

ABSTRACT A modular borehole monitoring concept has been implemented to provide a suite of well‐based monitoring tools that can be deployed cost effectively in a flexible and robust package. The initial modular borehole monitoring system was deployed as part of a CO 2 injection test operated by the Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership near Citronelle, Alabama. The Citronelle modular monitoring system transmits electrical power and signals, fibre‐optic light pulses, and fluids between the surface and a reservoir. Additionally, a separate multi‐conductor tubing‐encapsulated line was used for borehole geophones, including a specialized clamp for casing clamping with tubing deployment. The deployment of geophones and fibre‐optic cables allowed comparison testing of distributed acoustic sensing. We designed a large source effort (>64 sweeps per source point) to test fibre‐optic vertical seismic profile and acquired data in 2013. The native measurement in the specific distributed acoustic sensing unit used (an iDAS from Silixa Ltd) is described as a localized strain rate. Following a processing flow of adaptive noise reduction and rebalancing the signal to dimensionless strain, improvement from repeated stacking of the source was observed. Conversion of the rebalanced strain signal to equivalent velocity units, via a scaling by local apparent velocity, allows quantitative comparison of distributed acoustic sensing and geophone data in units of velocity. We see a very good match of uncorrelated time series in both amplitude and phase, demonstrating that velocity‐converted distributed acoustic sensing data can be analyzed equivalent to vertical geophones. We show that distributed acoustic sensing data, when averaged over an interval comparable to typical geophone spacing, can obtain signal‐to‐noise ratios of 18 dB to 24 dB below clamped geophones, a result that is variable with noise spectral amplitude because the noise characteristics are not identical. With vertical seismic profile processing, we demonstrate the effectiveness of downgoing deconvolution from the large spatial sampling of distributed acoustic sensing data, along with improved upgoing reflection quality. We conclude that the extra source effort currently needed for tubing‐deployed distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile, as part of a modular monitoring system, is well compensated by the extra spatial sampling and lower deployment cost as compared with conventional borehole geophones.
Novel dead time compensation methodforinduction motor drives using space vector modulation (1998)

A novel dead time compensation method is proposed. The method calculates the difference between the ideal output voltage and the real one, and then compensates the effect via modification in the original controller software. This method can be applied to all controllers utilising space vector modulation techniques. The proposed approach will not affect the operating speed of the controller, and no additional hardware is needed. Simulation and experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Adjudin, a potential male contraceptive, exerts its effects locally in the seminiferous epithelium of mammalian testes (2011)

Adjudin is a derivative of 1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid that was shown to have potent anti-spermatogenic activity in rats, rabbits, and dogs. It exerts its effects most notably locally in the apical compartment of the seminiferous epithelium, behind the blood-testis barrier, by disrupting adhesion of germ cells, most notably spermatids to the Sertoli cells, thereby inducing release of immature spermatids from the epithelium that leads to infertility. After adjudin is metabolized, the remaining spermatogonial stem cells and spermatogonia repopulate the seminiferous epithelium gradually via spermatogonial self-renewal and differentiation, to be followed by meiosis and spermiogenesis, and thus fertility rebounds. Recent studies in rats have demonstrated unequivocally that the primary and initial cellular target of adjudin in the testis is the apical ectoplasmic specialization, a testis-specific anchoring junction type restricted to the interface between Sertoli cells and elongating spermatids (from step 8 to 19 spermatids). In this review, we highlight some of the recent advances and obstacles regarding the possible use of adjudin as a male contraceptive.
CSN5 Isopeptidase Activity Links COP9 Signalosome Activation to Breast Cancer Progression (2008)

CSN5 has been implicated as a candidate oncogene in human breast cancers by genetic linkage with activation of the poor-prognosis, wound response gene expression signature. CSN5 is a subunit of the eight-protein COP9 signalosome, a signaling complex with multiple biochemical activities; the mechanism of CSN5 action in cancer development remains poorly understood. Here, we show that CSN5 isopeptidase activity is essential for breast epithelial transformation and progression. Amplification of CSN5 is required for transformation of primary human breast epithelial cells by defined oncogenes. The transforming effects of CSN5 require CSN subunits for assembly of the full COP9 signalosome and the isopeptidase activity of CSN5, which potentiates the transcriptional activity of MYC. Transgenic inhibition of CSN5 isopeptidase activity blocks breast cancer progression evoked by MYC and RAS in vivo. These results highlight CSN5 isopeptidase activity in breast cancer progression, suggesting it as a therapeutic target in aggressive human breast cancers.
Biomechanics of leg deformity treatment. (2008)

At pre-school age, there is a possibility to treat severe varosity and/or valgosity of legs by orthoses. The three points force effect of the orthosis partially corrects the pathologic defect of the leg. If the orthosis is intermittently used for a long time the correction is permanent. Step by step correction of bone deformities are based on remodelling of growth epiphyses and bones that are caused by orthotic bending pre-stressing. According to Hüter-Volkmann's law, the oblique loading regulates the growth of epiphyseal plates of long bone into the direction of the pressure result and the bone remodelling process is started: it means that the bone grows at the tensile part of growth epiphyses more quickly than at pressure one and gradually eliminates the varosity and/or valgosity defect. The knowledge of stress values for starting of the bone remodelling process is principal for clinical praxis. The values of pre-stressing cannot be increased by starting the remodelling process from the ethical point of view but it can be judged on its starting according to the success of the treatment. The aim of this article is to study the bone, ligament stress state and deformations of successful treatment. Method and calculation algorithm of stress state and deformation that are necessary for the starting of the remodelling process at the knee region were verified on a group of eight patients that were fitted by orthoses with bending pre-stressing. The space models of the knee, femur and tibia were composed with the help of X-ray, CT and MRI scan. The calculation algorithm was implemented on a PC and the program can be easily applied at clinical praxis.
The New Political Economy of J. S. Mill. (1973)

Journal Article The New Political Economy of J. S. Mill Get access The New Political Economy of J. S. Mill. By Pedro Schwartz. (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1972. Pp. viii + 341. £4.25.) R. D. Collison Black R. D. Collison Black The Queen’s University, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 83, Issue 331, 1 September 1973, Pages 1007–1008, https://doi.org/10.2307/2230737 Published: 01 September 1973
Pioglitazone Attenuates Tactile Allodynia and Thermal Hyperalgesia in Mice Subjected to Peripheral Nerve Injury (2008)

To clarify the role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in neuropathic pain, we examined the effect of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, on tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in a neuropathic pain model. Mice were subjected to partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL) and given pioglitazone (1 - 25 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily. PPARgamma was distributed in the neurons of the dorsal root ganglion and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and in the adipocytes at the epineurium of the sciatic nerve in naive mice. PSL elicited tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia for two weeks. Administration of pioglitazone for the first week after PSL attenuated thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia, which was dose-dependent and blocked by GW9662 (2 mg/kg, i.p.), a PPARgamma antagonist. Administration of pioglitazone for the second week also relieved tactile allodynia, but administration one week before PSL had no effect. A single administration of pioglitazone to mice on day 7 of PSL did not alter tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. PSL-induced upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, which are essential for neuropathic pain, was suppressed by pioglitazone for the first week. This suggests that pioglitazone alleviates neuropathic pain through attenuation of proinflammatory cytokine upregulation by PPARgamma stimulation.
Digital Frame Storage for Television Video (1974)

Storage of a full frame of quantized television video using an all-digital memory has now become practical, thanks to the steady increase over the past few years of the data-rate capabilities of MOS shift register devices (now 5–8 MHz) accompanied by decreasing costs (now less than 0.4 cents per bit). The primary advantages of a digital frame store with real-time input/output capability are flexible data rate (as opposed to the fixed rate of a video disc) and long-term stability (as opposed to storage tubes). The recently-built system described in this paper utilizes digital frame storage to provide a flexible interface between standard television video, an Electron Beam Recorder using non-interlaced scanning, and a computer with a relatively slow input and output rate.
Anthelmintics: a review. (2002)

Helminths infect 25% of the world's population. In the last 50 years specific, safe and effective anthelminitic drug therapy for various parasitic infestations have been developed. The population of the developing countries across the globe suffers not only as a direct result of these infections but due also to co-morbidity such as anemia, malnutrition and reduced immunity status. Earlier anthelmintic drugs suffered from serious drawbacks such as hepatotoxicity and required specific preparation of the patient before treatment such as 12-hour fasting and pre-post purging caused considerable inconvenience to the patient. However, successive discoveries were born out of rationale approach that contributed to the effective, more specific and more easily tolerated drugs i.e. benzimidazoles, piperazine derivatives, avermectins, pyrazinoquinoline, etc. The present approach is to identify the causative parasite on the basis of stool examination and as a result of this approach, different drugs are prescribed for different parasitic infections. Examples include thiabendazole for cutaneous larva migrans, mebendazole for ascariasis, trichiuriasis and hookworm, albendazole for inoperable cases of cystic hydatid disease, DEC for Toxocara induced visceral larva migrans and loiasis, ivermectin for onchocerciasis, praziquantel for schistosomiasis and niridazole for Dracunculus medinensis. The cure rates with these drugs is also high e.g. thiabendazole produces a cure-rate of 98% in cutaneous larva migrans while mebendazole gives cure rate of 76-95% in ascariasis, trichiuriasis and hookworm infestations. A cure rate of 96% is produced by praziquantel in schistosomiasis. Most of these drugs have broad-spectrum anthelmentic effect. The present review aims at evaluating the currently available anthelmintics with respect to their efficacy and adverse effects. Steps to prevent impending helminthic drug resistance are also discussed.
Fiber optic cables for transmission of high-power laser pulses (2011)

High power pulsed lasers are commonly deployed in harsh environments, like space flight and military missions, for a variety of systems such as LIDAR, optical communications over long distances, or optical firing of explosives. Fiber coupling of the laser pulse from the laser to where it is needed can often save size, reduce weight, and lead to a more robust and reliable system. Typical fiber optic termination procedures are not sufficient for injection of these high power laser pulses without catastrophic damage to the fiber endface. In the current study, we will review the causes of fiber damage during high power injection and discuss methods used to avoid these issues to permit fiber use with high reliability in these applications. A brief review of the design considerations for high peak power laser pulse injection will be presented to familiarize the audience with all the areas that need to be considered during the design phase. The majority of this paper focuses on the proper fiber polishing methods for high power use with an emphasis on laser polishing of the fibers. Results from recently build fibers will be shown to demonstrate the techniques.
Knots in the family tree: evolutionary relationships and functions of knox homeobox genes. (2000)

Knotted-like homeobox (knox) genes constitute a gene family in plants. Class I knox genes are expressed in shoot apical meristems, and (with notable exceptions) not in lateral organ primordia. Class II genes have more diverse expression patterns. Loss and gain of function mutations indicate that knox genes are important regulators of meristem function. Gene duplication has contributed to the evolution of families of homeodomain proteins in metazoans. We believe that similar mechanisms have contributed to the diversity of knox gene function in plants. Knox genes may have contributed to the evolution of compound leaves in tomato and could be involved in the evolution of morphological traits in other species. Alterations in cis-regulatory regions in some knox genes correlate with novel patterns of gene expression and distinctive morphologies. Preliminary data from the analysis of class I knox gene expression illustrates the evolution of complex patterns of knox expression is likely to have occurred through loss and gain of domains of gene expression.
Transient power quality problems analyzed using wavelets (1997)

In the literature, wavelet techniques have been proposed for the identification of power system transient signals (e.g., lightning impulse, and capacitor switching transients). In this paper, the wavelet technique is proposed for the analysis of the propagation of transients in power systems. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed and the way in which these analysis methods complement previously reported identification methods is described. An example based on the discretized solution of a differential equation is given.
Salinity Impact on Growth, Essential Oil Content and Composition of Coriander (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i>L.) Stems and Leaves (2010)

Abstract The influence of salt stress on vegetative growth, essential oil content, and composition of Tunisian coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) grown in hydroponic culture was investigated. The volatile constituents of stems and leaves were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Seedlings were treated with different levels of salt stress (25 mM, 50 mM and 75 mM NaCl). Results showed that the stem and leaf biomasses were not affected under 25 mM NaCl, compared to the control, although it decreased significantly at 50 mM and 75 mM. Essential oil content was 1762.64 μ/g DW (0.18%) and 1255.77 μ/g DW (0.12%) in stems and leaves, respectively. At low and moderate stress, a significant difference in the essential oil content was developed between stems, with a significant decrease, and leaves, with an increase up to 43%. Under high salinity, the oil content of both organs decreased significantly. The major volatile compound of stems and leaves was (E)-2-decenal with 24% and 52%, respectively. Other important components were decanal, (E)-2-dodecenal, dodecanal, (E)-2-undecenal, (E)-2-tridecenal and (E)-2-undecanal. Further, the content of these compounds were affected differently by the treatment level and by the organ type.
Surface‐Protected Etching of Mesoporous Oxide Shells for the Stabilization of Metal Nanocatalysts (2010)

Abstract Nanoparticles of transition metals, particularly noble metals, are widely used in catalysis. However, enhancing their stability during catalytic reactions has been a challenge that has limited the full use of the benefits associated with their small size. In this Feature Article, a general “encapsulation and etching” strategy for the fabrication of nanocatalyst systems is introduced in which catalyst nanoparticles are protected within porous shells. The novelty of this approach lies in the use of chemical etching to assist the creation of mesopores in a protective oxide shell to promote efficient mass transfer to encapsulated metal nanoparticles. The etching process allows for the direct transformation of dense silica coatings into porous shells so that chemical species can reach the catalyst surface to participate in reactions while the shells act as physical barriers against aggregation of the catalyst particles. By using the surface‐protected etching process, both yolk–shell and core–satellite type nanoreactors are synthesized and their utilization in liquid‐ and gas‐phase catalysis is demonstrated. The thermal and chemical stability of the metallic cores during catalytic reactions is also investigated, and further work is carried out to enhance recyclability via the introduction of superparamagnetic components into the nanoreactor framework.
Leveraging Sequence-to-Sequence Speech Synthesis for Enhancing Acoustic-to-Word Speech Recognition (2018)

Encoder-decoder models for acoustic-to-word (A2W) automatic speech recognition (ASR) are attractive for their simplicity of architecture and run-time latency while achieving state-of-the-art performances. However, word-based models commonly suffer from the-of-vocabulary (OOV) word problem. They also cannot leverage text data to improve their language modeling capability. Recently, sequence-to-sequence neural speech synthesis models trainable from corpora have been developed and shown to achieve naturalness com- parable to recorded human speech. In this paper, we explore how we can leverage the current speech synthesis technology to tailor the ASR system for a target domain by preparing only a relevant text corpus. From a set of target domain texts, we generate speech features using a sequence-to-sequence speech synthesizer. These artificial speech features together with real speech features from conventional speech corpora are used to train an attention-based A2W model. Experimental results show that the proposed approach improves the word accuracy significantly compared to the baseline trained only with the real speech, although synthetic part of the training data comes only from a single female speaker voice.
The British Regime in Wisconsin and the Northwest (1937)

The British Régime in Wisconsin and the Northwest. By Louise Phelps Kellogg. (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1935. xvii + 361 pp. Maps and illustrations. $2.50.) Get access Clarence B. Carter Clarence B. Carter Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 24, Issue 3, December 1937, Pages 387–388, https://doi.org/10.2307/1891831 Published: 01 December 1937
Production and Isolation of Thermoviridin, an Antibiotic Produced by <i>Thermoactinomyces viridis</i> n. sp (1956)

To our knowledge the only report of an antibiotic produced by a thermophilic actinomycete was published by Schone (1951).The antibiotic was produced by Streptomyces thermophilus, and was named thermo- mycin.Schone obtained an antibiotic titer of 256 units per ml in 4 days at 60 C in stationary bottles using a buffered medium which contained 10 per cent blood serum.Extraction of this culture filtrate with ether, followed by evaporation yielded a yellow powder which inhibited Corynebacterium diphtheriae at a concentra- tion of 12 ,ug per ml.Thermomycin was found to be most active against C. diphtheriae and against Listeria monocytogenes to a much lesser extent.All other organisms tested were in- sensitive to thermomycin.Injection of 2 ml of culture filtrate (256 u per ml) into each of 20 mice did not cause a toxic reaction.The present paper deals with the production, recov- ery, purification, and microbial spectrum of thermo- viridin.The organism which produces this antibiotic is considered to be a new species in the genus Thermo- actinomyces.The name Thermoactinomyces viridis is suggested for the organism.MATERIALS AND METHODS In the course of this work, antibiotic activity was measured by the serial dilution, paper disc-agar plate, and agar tube dilution methods.The thermoviridin unit was based on the serial dilution test, and was defined as the minimum amount of thermoviridin in 1 ml which inhibited the growth of a 1 per cent inoculum of Micro- coccus pyogenes var.aureus 209P in broth for 24 hours at 37 C.The medium used for the serial dilution assay contained peptone, 0.6 per cent; trypticase, 0.4 per cent; beef extract, 0.3 per cent; glucose, 0.1 per cent; sodium chloride, 0.5 per cent; and had a pH of 7.0.Fermentation studies were carried out on a Gump rotary shaker in wide-mouth 500-ml Erlenmeyer flasks.The shaker operated at about 250 rpm and each flask rotated through a two-and-one-quarter-inch diameter circle.The flasks contained 50 ml of medium.
The Wang professional image computer: A new dimension to personal and office computing (1984)

The Wang Professional Image Computer (PIC) offers image processing technology at the desktop level. The PIC can capture, create, display, alter, store, retrieve, and transmit images in real time. These images can also be merged with text. With PIC, the ability to process data, words, and images and to communicate that information locally or remotely within Wang's family of compatible office products is now available in a single workstation. In this paper, we present a description of the Wang PIC. The system's technical features, architecture, hardware and software components, functions, and applications are discussed and illustrated.