gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell-free microRNA expression signatures in urine serve as novel noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and recurrence prediction of bladder cancer (2017)

Urinary microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC). In this study, we aimed to develop a urinary miRNAs panel for diagnosing and predicting recurrence of BC. Genome-wide miRNAs analysis by deep sequencing followed by two phases of quantitative real-time PCR assays were performed on urine supernatant of 276 BC patients and 276 controls. We identified a seven-miRNA panel (miR-7-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-126-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-375, and miR-423-5p) that provided high diagnostic accuracy of BC with an AUC of 0.923 and 0.916 in training and validation set, respectively. The corresponding AUCs of this panel for Ta, T1 and T2-T4 were 0.864, 0.930 and 0.978, significantly higher than those of urine cytology, which were 0.531, 0.628 and 0.724, respectively (all p < 0.05). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that nonmuscle-invasive BC (NMIBC) patients with high miR-22-3p and low miR-200a-3p level had worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.002 and 0.040, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that miR-22-3p and miR-200a-3p were independently associated with RFS of NMIBC (p = 0.024 and 0.008, respectively). In conclusion, our results suggested that urinary miRNAs may have considerable clinical value in diagnosis and recurrence prediction of BC.
Synthetic aperture controlled source electromagnetics (2010)

Controlled‐source electromagnetics (CSEM) has been used as a de‐risking tool in the hydrocarbon exploration industry. Although there have been successful applications of CSEM, this technique is still not widely used in the industry because the limited types of hydrocarbon reservoirs CSEM can detect. In this paper, we apply the concept of synthetic aperture to CSEM data. Synthetic aperture allows us to design sources with specific radiation patterns for different purposes. The ability to detect reservoirs is dramatically increased after forming an appropriate synthetic aperture antenna. Consequently, the types of hydrocarbon reservoirs that CSEM can detect are significantly extended. Because synthetic apertures are constructed as a data processing step, there is no additional cost for the CSEM acquisition. Synthetic aperture has potential for simplifying and reducing the cost of CSEM acquisition. We show a data example that illustrates the increased sensitivity obtained by applying synthetic aperture CSEM source.
Very low threshold planar buried heterostructure InGaAsP/InP laser diodes prepared by three-stage metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1987)

Low threshold InGaAsP/InP lasers with planar buried heterostructure were grown entirely by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The threshold current Ith=10 mA and the differential quantum efficiency ηd =60%, which are comparable to lasers grown by liquid phase epitaxy, were obtained. Most lasers randomly selected from one wafer have threshold currents of Ith=10–25 mA, because of high thickness uniformity of MOCVD growth. Stable fundamental transverse mode operation was also obtained up to an output power of 40 mW/facet, due to controlling the active layer width less than 2 μm.
Characterization of thin layers on perfect crystals with a multipurpose high resolution x-ray diffractometer (1983)

A high resolution x-ray diffractometer is described in which a compact four-crystal monochromator produces a highly parallel and monochromatic incident beam of tuneable wavelength (divergence Δθ=5″, wavelength band Δλ/λ=2.3×10−5, intensity 3×104 photons/s mm2). The instrument is very suitable for the nondestructive measurement of concentration depth profiles produced in semiconductor single crystals by epitaxy, diffusion, or implantation. The equipment is useful for measuring x-ray rocking curves of any lattice plane of any material and also lattice constants can be determined on absolute scale using the Bond procedure. A special solution has been derived from the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction, which gives the reflectivity of an absorbing layer as a function of layer thickness. This new expression takes the effects of absorption and extinction into account and has been used to determine the layer thickness of epitaxial layers grown on [001] oriented InP.
p53 is a determinant of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein/Akt-mediated chemoresistance in human ovarian cancer cells. (2003)

We established previously that X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (Xiap) is a determinant of cisplatin (CDDP) resistance in human ovarian cancer cells and that down-regulation of Xiap sensitizes cells to CDDP in the presence of wild-type p53. Furthermore, Xiap up-regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/Akt pathway by increasing Akt phosphorylation. However, the precise relationships among Xiap, Akt, and p53 in chemoresistance are unknown. Here we show that both Xiap and Akt can modulate CDDP sensitivity individually but that Xiap requires Akt for its full function. Furthermore, dominant-negative Akt sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to CDDP (10 micro M), an effect that is absent in cells expressing mutant p53 or treated with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-alpha-hydrobromide (30 micro M) but restored by exogenous wild-type p53. CDDP increased p53, decreased Xiap content, and induced apoptosis in OV2008 cells but not in the resistant counterpart (C13*). However, dominant-negative Akt restored all of these characteristics to C13* cells. Expression of a constitutively active Akt2 prevented CDDP-mediated down-regulation of Xiap and apoptosis in A2780s cells. Akt2-mediated chemoresistance could not be reversed by Xiap down-regulation. These results suggest that whereas Xiap, Akt2, and p53 are important mediators of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells, Akt2 may be an important regulator of both Xiap and p53 contents after CDDP challenge. Inhibition of Xiap and/or Akt expression/function may be an effective means of overcoming chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells expressing either endogenous or reconstituted wild-type p53.
Sibling Umbilical Cord Blood Infusion is Safe in Young Children with Cerebral Palsy (2021)

Preclinical and early phase clinical studies suggest that an appropriately dosed umbilical cord blood (CB) infusion has the potential to help improve motor function in young children with cerebral palsy (CP). As many children with CP do not have their own CB available, use of allogeneic cells would extend access to this potentially beneficial therapy to more children. In this phase I, open-label study, 15 children, aged 1 to 6 years, with moderate to severe spastic CP were treated with a single intravenous infusion of allogeneic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched or partially matched sibling CB with a cell dose of ≥2.5 × 10<sup>7</sup> cells/kg based on the pre-cryopreservation count (median infused cell dose, 3.3 × 10<sup>7</sup> ; range, 1.8-5.2 × 10<sup>7</sup> ). There were a total of 49 adverse events (AEs) over a 2-year time period, but there were no AEs related to the CB infusions. Specifically, there were no acute infusion reactions and no antibody formation against platelets, red blood cells, or donor-specific HLA antigens. Donor cells were not detected in peripheral blood 6 months later. Six months after infusion, participants were assessed for response and experienced a mean ± SD increase of 4.7 ± 2.5 points on the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 and 1 ± 2.9 points on the Peabody Gross Motor Quotient. Appropriately dosed, allogeneic partially or fully HLA-matched sibling CB infusion is well tolerated and potentially beneficial in young children with CP.
Synthesis of Potassium Niobiate (KNbO<sub>3</sub>) Thin Films by Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Epitaxy (2004)

Orthorhombic KNbO3 thin films were deposited on SrTiO3 (100) and LiTaO3 (001) substrates by low-temperature hydrothermal epitaxy at 180−210 °C using aqueous solutions containing Nb2O5 and KOH. The films were thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering, and scanning electron microscopy. The KNbO3 films were uniformly distributed on the entire substrate area, exhibited high stoichiometry, and did not show evidence of interdiffusion or chemical reaction at the film/substrate interface. Their microstructures were determined by the substrate used, the synthesis temperature, and the concentration of the reactants. The KNbO3 films on SrTiO3 (100) substrates with thickness of 45 nm to 1.28 μm were smooth and transparent, with microstructures strongly suggesting single crystal growth mechanism. They were pure orthorhombic phase with (011) orientation and probably single-domain. Conversely, the KNbO3 films with higher thickness (>3.5 μm) exhibited very rough microstructure with textured columnar grains. Such films were also orthorombic but with mixed (100)/(011) orientation. This work demonstrated for the first time deposition of heteroepitaxial KNbO3 films on single-crystal substrates using low-temperature hydrothermal epitaxy in a well-defined range of synthesis conditions. The low synthesis temperatures, which are below the 225 °C phase transition temperature of KNbO3, resulted in formation of films that appear to exhibit improved features as compared to the films prepared by high-temperature processing.
La Recuperación del Observador en la Construcción del Dato (2002)

Although in last decades the interpretative character of social sciences has been emphasized, that doesn?t mean there is an absence -and sometimes not even a lack of consolidation- of quantitative character researches. Is in this sense that we consider of great importance to get the discussion around the measuring issue back, but this time with a constructivist approach that does not consider the qualitative research as a permanent opposite of the quantitative one, and vice versa, having as a starting point that the main issue is not datum itself, but its construction. In this sense, we attempt to approach to the datum role and construction, in their modality of analytical constructions that are as abstracts as the qualitative ones. Summarizing, the issue is if the person, in singular and plural, is a part of the so called knowledge. As we are assuming an affirmative answer, it is necessary to argument and present the reasons that have led us to this conclusion, and to restart the discussion about its implications in the methodological, technical and discursive construction levels of social sciences. It is intended to situate the discussion on datum construction in an epistemological level, giving particular emphasis to the problem of construction-correspondence, facing those perspectives which have reduced it to its clearly technical level, which sees the problem as a mere correspondence between preciseness and accuracy. Likewise, it is intended to underline the necessity of keeping a constant epistemological vigilance during every research process. As a complement to this remarks, we present an example taking some studies about poverty and marginality in Mexico and Latin America as a basis, where the different ways in which indicators are constructed, and the variety of outputs that result from them are analyzed; this exercise allows to clearly identify the primacy of theory over observation, and at the same time it allows to find one of the reasons for divergence between the researches, and between these and the management programs .
A highly reliable 16 output high voltage NMOS/CMOS logic IC with shielded source structure (1983)

A high voltage MOS IC which consists of 16 high voltage NMOS transistor array having 400 V, 0.5 A output characteristic and its control CMOS logic, was newly developed. High and low voltage NMOS transistors of the IC are equipped with shielded source structure to realize completely parasitic bipolar effect-free high voltage MOS ICs. Practically, this IC successfully drove a plasma display panel at 200 V, 2 MHz without any parasitic effect and its high operation reliability was verified. To examine high integration density possibility, parasitic bipolar effects due to the interferences between high and high voltage transistors low and low voltage transistors, and high and low voltage transistors, were experimentally investigated. As a result it was confirmed that the "shielded source structure" realizes high density high voltage MOS ICs.
Helmet-Mounted Displays: Sensation, Perception and Cognition Issues (2009)

Abstract : The role of the Warfighter in the modern world has changed tremendously over the past two decades. While the primary job remains defeating the enemy, the Warfighter's role has been expanded to include peacekeeping, disaster relief, humanitarian aid, and anti-terrorism. To more effectively perform these tasks, the U.S. military is transforming itself into a more responsive and agile force that leverages advanced technologies. These advanced systems can expand the operational environment and multiply individual and unit capabilities. However, achieving optimal performance with these systems requires matching the engineering design characteristics of the system with the characteristics of the human user. Nowhere is this truer than for head- or helmet-mounted displays (HMDs), because such systems are intimately mated to the human senses of vision and audition. Failure to understand the human-machine interface can result in degraded performance, which for the Warfighter can mean the difference between mission success and failure or between a safe return and becoming a casualty. The issues of the human-machine interface encompass human anatomy and anthropometry, ergonomics, and human factors. Embedded in these issues is the important requirement to understand the roles of sensation, perception and cognition in the optimization of human performance with these advanced systems.
Altered expression of the Smad signalling pathway: implications for COPD pathogenesis (2006)

Pulmonary emphysema, as a feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterised by destruction of alveolar tissue. The present authors previously demonstrated reduced decorin expression in the peribronchial area of COPD patients, reflecting an altered extracellular matrix (ECM) modulation. Decorin transcription is regulated by the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-Smad pathway, the key intracellular signal route for initiation of ECM component gene transcription. Whether this pathway is aberrantly expressed in COPD is not known. An immunohistochemical study was performed to compare protein expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta receptors, Smad 2, 3, 4 and 7, and decorin in lung tissue of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages II and IV COPD patients and controls. Epithelial expression of the inhibitory Smad 7 was significantly lower in patients with GOLD stages II and IV than in controls, with other Smad protein expressions being similar in the groups. The expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta receptor type I was significantly lower in stage II patients. Decorin staining of the adventitia and alveolar walls was significantly reduced in COPD stage IV. In conclusion, the transforming growth factor-beta-Smad pathway is aberrantly expressed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, implying an abnormal tissue repair ultimately resulting in reduced decorin production. The results of the present study contribute to better understanding of the pathogenesis of emphysema and the airway fibrosis observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
IGFs in the Evaluation of Acromegaly (1999)

Acromegaly is a condition of dysregulated growth hormone (GH) secretion characterized by excessive GH levels. Generally, acromegaly is the result of autonomous GH secretion, most often from a benign pituitary somatotropinoma, although rarely from GH-secreting pituitary carcinoma, ectopic pituitary tumors, or extrapituitary GH-producing tumors. Less frequently, acromegaly may be the result of excess GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) secretion from GHRH-producing tumors such as carcinoid or pancreatic islet cell tumors (1,2) Annual incidence estimates for acromegaly range from three to four cases per million persons, with a prevalence of 60–70 cases per million (2). Onset is insidious, typically resulting in a 10- to 15-yr delay after onset of GH hypersecretion before diagnosis is made. Acromegaly is associated with disfigurement, disability, and a two-to threefold increased mortality rate due to deaths from cardiac, respiratory, metabolic, or malignant complications (2) Early diagnosis and effective therapy are crucial to improve quality of life and normalize life expectancy.
When and How to Perform a Biopsy on a Chronic Wound (2010)

After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to: 1. Distinguish between different types of chronic wounds that require biopsies. 2. Apply knowledge of biopsy techniques to obtain quality results. 3. Analyze various types of chronic wounds to determine the appropriate type of biopsy needed.
Structure and properties of vacuum-deposited thin films: A new basic relationship (1977)

We show that a wide range of vacuum-deposited materials exhibits sharply optimized properties and, in some cases, unusual crystal structures when the temperatures at which the materials are condensed (the substrate temperatures) are in a narrow range near 0.33 of their respective normal boiling points. This generalization applies to essentially all the really sharp optima we can find (for nonmetals) in the recent literature. The materials include organics (our own data on anthracene, phthalocyanine, and pyrene) and inorganics (Se, ZnO, SnTe, and most of the sulphides, selenides, and tellurides of lead, cadmium, and zinc). Both polycrystalline and epitaxial films are involved. The properties optimized include charge-carrier mobility, smoothness, epitaxial order, electrophotographic performance, and photo-emf. We propose a possible explanation for these effects which gives good numerical agreement the experiment; our main postulate is that the optimum properties occur when the rate of reevaporation from well-defined, but disordered, regions of the growing films (probably glassy areas) is just sufficient to exceed the deposition rate.
Design for Visually Servoed Microassembly (2000)

Development of hybrid MEMS devices has demonstrated a need for automatic microassembly strategies. Visual servoing techniques have shown great promise as a control strategy capable of sub-micron precision while compensating for many of the problems that exist in the micro domain, including thermal expansion of assembly devices and imprecisely modeled and calibrated sensors and actuators. This project develops rules for micropart design to aid in device assemblability with visual servoing techniques by ensuring that the microparts can be easily tracked and controlled using vision feedback. A criterion is presented that estimates part trackability based on the visual appearance of the part. This criterion is then used to microfabricate features to improve part trackability and hence, the assemblability of the device. The criterion considers the feature appearance when the part lies out of the optical system&apos;s depth-of-field. A Fourier optics based approach is used to simulate the visual appearance of microparts represented by CAD models using high resolution optical systems. This simulation is used to automatically design microfabricated features on microparts. These features are used to estimate the tracking accuracy of the MEMS parts to subpixel levels using interpolation techniques in optical flow based tracking. This allows MEMS parts to be assembled with precisions on the order of 20 nm with high magnification lens, using visual servoing strategies. The curvature of the SSD surface is used to predict the tracking accuracy of the feature designed irrespective of defocus level and settings of the lens. Results demonstrating the capabilities of design-for-microassembly rules using visual servoing microassembly strategies are presented.
Identification of α-Galactose (α-Fucose)-asialo-GM1 Glycolipid Expressed by Subsets of Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons (1989)

Distinct cell-surface glycoconjugates are expressed on specific subsets of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and DRG terminals projecting to the superficial dorsal horn of rat spinal cord (Dodd, J., and Jessell, T. M. (1985) J. Neurosci. 5, 3278-3294). Carbohydrate antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) TC6, KH10, and LD2 are restricted to about 20% of DRG neurons projecting to lamina IIB (dorsal), whereas antigens recognized by mAb LA4 are expressed by about 50% of DRG neurons projecting to lamina IIB (ventral). These mAbs were generated against rat pancreatic acinar cell line AR4-2J antigens. The glycolipid antigens in AR4-2J cells reacting with these mAbs have been structurally characterized by sequential hydrolysis with various exoglycosidases, immunochemical tests, linkage analysis of permethylated alditol acetates, capillary gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry of permethylated compounds, and by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the native antigens. The structure of the major antigen (IA) in AR4-2J cells was determined to be: (formula; see text) The asialo derivative of IA and the novel disialo form of IA (Gal alpha 1----3(Fuc alpha 1----2)----GD1b) have been also identified. The DRG neurons contained only the neutral glycolipid, asialo form of IA. All these antigens reacted equivalently in the high performance thin layer chromatography-immuno overlay assay with the TC6, LD2, and LA4 mAbs. The molecular specificity of the three mAbs was determined by rection with a variety of possible antigens and appears to be the same. All three mAbs required terminal Gal alpha 1----3(Fuc alpha 1----2)Gal beta 1----3GalNAc (or 4GlcNAc) for full reactivity. Only partial reactivity was observed with compounds in which alpha-Fuc was removed. The observed restricted reactivity of mAbs TC6, LD2, and LA4 in subsets of DRG neurons and in ventral and dorsal areas of lamina IIB may be due to different topographical expression of the antigen in the neuronal membrane.
A Generalized Framework for Population Based Training (2019)

Population Based Training (PBT) is a recent approach that jointly optimizes neural network weights and hyperparameters which periodically copies weights of the best performers and mutates hyperparameters during training. Previous PBT implementations have been synchronized glass-box systems. We propose a general, black-box PBT framework that distributes many asynchronous "trials" (a small number of training steps with warm-starting) across a cluster, coordinated by the PBT controller. The black-box design does not make assumptions on model architectures, loss functions or training procedures. Our system supports dynamic hyperparameter schedules to optimize both differentiable and non-differentiable metrics. We apply our system to train a state-of-the-art WaveNet generative model for human voice synthesis. We show that our PBT system achieves better accuracy, less sensitivity and faster convergence compared to existing methods, given the same computational resource.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SH U 555 A): evaluation of efficacy in three doses for hepatic MR imaging. (1998)

There was a dose-dependent postcontrast improvement in evaluated efficacy parameters (diagnostic confidence, visual evaluations) after injection of SH U 555 A. Accumulation phase imaging could begin as early as 10 minutes after administration.