gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platinum on Carbon (2001)

[7440-06-4] Pt (MW 195.08) InChI = 1S/Pt InChIKey = BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (catalyst used for the hydrogenation of alkenes,1, 2 alkynes,1 nitro groups,4, 5 ketones,13, 14 aromatics;17 used for hydrogenolysis of cyclopropanes;3 catalyzes oxidation of alcohols19) Solubility: insol all organic solvents and aqueous acidic and basic media. Form Supplied in: black powder and pellets containing 0.5–10 wt % of Pt (typically 5 wt %); can be either dry or moist (50 wt % of H2O). Analysis of Reagent Purity: atomic absorption. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: can be stored safely in a closed container under air but away from solvents and potential poisons such as sulfur- and phosphorus-containing compounds; pyrophoric in the presence of solvents; general precautions for handling hydrogenation catalysts should be followed; the catalyst must be suspended in the organic solvent under an atmosphere of N2; during filtration the filter cake must not be allowed to go dry; if a filter aid is necessary, a cellulose-based material should be used if catalyst recovery is desired.
Filtered backprojection formula for exact image reconstruction from cone‐beam data along a general scanning curve (2004)

Recently, Katsevich proved a filtered backprojection formula for exact image reconstruction from cone-beam data along a helical scanning locus, which is an important breakthrough since 1991 when the spiral cone-beam scanning mode was proposed. In this paper, we prove a generalized Katsevich's formula for exact image reconstruction from cone-beam data collected along a rather flexible curve. We will also give a general condition on filtering directions. Based on this condition, we suggest a natural choice of filtering directions, which is more convenient than Katsevich's choice and can be applied to general scanning curves. In the derivation, we use analytical techniques instead of geometric arguments. As a result, we do not need the uniqueness of the PI lines. In fact, our formula can be used to reconstruct images on any chord as long as a scanning curve runs from one endpoint of the chord to the other endpoint. This can be considered as a generalization of Orlov's classical theorem. Specifically, our formula can be applied to (i) nonstandard spirals of variable radii and pitches (with PI- or n-PI-windows), and (ii) saddlelike curves.
Stereoregular Precursors to Poly(p-phenylene) via Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Polymerization. 1. Precursor Design and Synthesis (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoregular Precursors to Poly(p-phenylene) via Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Polymerization. 1. Precursor Design and SynthesisDouglas L. Gin, Vincent P. Conticello, and Robert H. GrubbsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 23, 10507–10519Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00102a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00102a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views418Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Margaret J. Pearson, Wang Fu and the Comments of a Recluse : a study with translations, 1989 (1991)

Cheng Anne. Margaret J. Pearson, Wang Fu and the Comments of a Recluse : a study with translations, 1989. In: Études chinoises, vol. 10, n°1-2, Printemps-Automne 1991. pp. 225-228.
Easy and Effective: Computers in the Classroom. (1991)

We have recently shown that while adrenaline alone has no effect on the activation of Protein Kinase B (PKB) in rat soleus muscle, it greatly potentiates the effects of insulin (Brennesvik et al., Cellular Signalling 17: 1551-1559, 2005). In the current study we went on to investigate whether this was paralleled by a similar effect on GSK-3, which is a major PKB target. Surprisingly adrenaline alone increased phosphorylation of GSK-3beta Ser9 and GSK-3alpha Ser21 and adrenaline's effects were additive with those of insulin but did not synergistically potentiate insulin action. Dibutyryl-cAMP (5 mM) and the PKA specific cAMP analogue N6-Benzoyl-cAMP (2 mM) increased GSK-3beta Ser9 phosphorylation, whereas the Epac specific cAMP analogue 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2'-O-methyl-cAMP (1 mM) did not. Wortmannin (PI 3-kinase inhibitor; 1 microM) blocked insulin-stimulated GSK-3 phosphorylation completely, but adrenaline increased GSK-3beta Ser9 phosphorylation in the presence of wortmannin. The PKA inhibitor H89 (50 microM) reduced adrenaline-stimulated GSK-3beta Ser9 phosphorylation but did not influence the effects of insulin. Insulin-stimulated GSK-3 Ser9 phosphorylation was paralleled by decreased glycogen synthase phosphorylation at the sites phosphorylated by GSK-3 as expected. However, adrenaline-stimulated GSK-3 Ser9 phosphorylation was paralleled by increased glycogen synthase phosphorylation indicating this pool of GSK-3 may not be directly involved in phosphorylation of glycogen synthase. Our results indicate the existence of at least two distinct pools of GSK-3beta in soleus muscle, one phosphorylated by PKA and another by PKB. Further, we hypothesise that each of these pools is involved in the control of different cellular processes.
Experimental and Numerical Study on Wave Run-Up (2014)

Summary Wave run-up with a single cylinder and with various distances between two cylinders is investigated. In order to measure and analyze the wave run-up around the cylinders, the experiments were performed in a two-dimensional wave flume. For the experiments, circular, square and 45-degree rotated square cylinders in single and tandem arrangement were tested with regular waves in six wave periods and four wave slopes. The measured data of the firstorder harmonic components was compared with analytic solutions and commercial software (Hydro-Star). It was shown that the wave run-up generally tended to be close to the analytic and numerical solutions even though there were some variations in magnitude. Furthermore, the effect of the distance between two cylinders was analyzed.
Biofouling und Biokorrosion — die Folgen unerwünschter Biofilme (1995)

Abstract Microbial layers on interfaces, called “biofilms” are characterized by a polymeric, highly hydrated gel matrix of microbial origin in which the organisms are embedded and immobilized. Biofilms exhibit degradation behaviour different from that free cells and accumulate water, metabolites, and sorbe substances at the interface. They can greatly interfere with technical processes by increasing the fluid friction factor, the hydrodynamic resistance of filter membranes and heat transfer resistance in heat exchanger systems. They can cover surfaces, impart unwanted colour, and contaminate water. Biofilms can attack their support and lead to microbially influenced corrosion (MIC). It is estimated that about 20% to all corrosion damage to metals and building materials is due to microbial influence. Thus, the annual costs of biodeterioration range in billions of dollars. Biofilms play a key role in these processes. They consist of a gel matrix, formed by slime substances, in which the cells are immobilized on the surface of the material. Corrosion is an interfacial process, governed by pH, redox potential, oxygen concentration and other parameters. Biofilms, acting as a transport barrier, may change all these parameters exactly at the site where corrosion takes place compared to the water or air phase surrounding. Thus, a thorough knowledge of the properties and development of biofilms is crucial for the design of effective countermeasures.
Pain questionnaires in the analysis of long lasting (chronic) pain conditions (2003)

A study on mainly non-cancer-related pain patients was performed concerning clinical patient data used for pain history-taking and diagnosis. More than 2100 consecutive patients referred to the anaesthetic branch of the Multidisciplinary Pain Centre (MPC) were evaluated at the first visit. The use of a paper questionnaire, including a pain-drawing and pain intensity Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), was analysed. In a substudy of more than 290 consecutive patients, data from a computerised questionnaire and database was analysed. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30) (version 2.0) was used for recording of the Global Health Status/Quality of Life (GHS/QoL) score. The substudy also included the summarized mechanism-based evaluation of the patients at the first visit, judged by a specialist in pain medicine. The patients' GHS/QoL score was low. The most important pain mechanisms, were nociceptive and peripheral neurogenic. The clinical use of these tools for patient evaluation and for the choice of treatment is suggested. Information technology may be used for analysis of descriptive, evaluative, predictive and prognostic data in pain patients. It can also be used as a tool for clinical pain research towards a mechanism-based evaluation. Evaluation of patient quality of life and function is suitable for outcome research.
<title>Effect of carbon overcoating on the mechanical behavior of large flaws</title> (1993)

It is found that by abrading an optical fiber surface, a controlled strength distribution can be produced that is effective for dynamic fatigue testing of large flaws. Dynamic fatigue testing of 30 kpsi flaws overcoated with carbon yielded n values greater than 100. It is believed that the abraded fiber samples can be utilized as a surrogate for measuring the fatigue parameters of carbon coated splices and flaws near the proof test level. In addition, it was found that overcoating abraded fiber with carbon increased the strength by a factor of two. This increase is more than what would be predicted by the increase in fatigue resistance that comes with carbon overcoating, and suggests deposition of carbon alters the flaw geometry or stress field surrounding the flaw.
An overview of common benchmarks (1990)

The three most often used benchmarks are characterized in detail and users are warned about a number of pitfalls. Two of them, Whetstone and Drystone, are synthetic benchmarks: they were written solely for benchmarking purposes and perform no useful computation. Linpack was distilled out of a real, purposeful program that is now used as a benchmark. Some other benchmarks, namely Livermore Fortran Kernels, Stanford Small Programs Benchmark Set, EDN benchmarks, Sieve of Eratosthenes, Rhealstone and SPEC benchmarks, are briefly considered. Non-CPU influences in benchmark performance are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new look at reverse mortgages: potential market and institutional constraints (1994)

Most elderly hold a significant portion of their non-pension wealth in housing equity. Although they might prefer to use this housing equity to finance current consumption, to pay for an emergency, or to help out a relative in need, utilizing this wealth, would force the sale of their home. Traditional home equity lines of credit require that principal and interest be paid back over a fixed time interval, yet many elderly want to avoid mortgage payments because they live on a limited income. Reverse mortgages hold the promise of helping elderly homeowners out of this bind by allowing them to borrow against their housing equity and receive monthly payments, while still living in their home until they die or choose to move. ; Although reverse mortgages have been offered for more tl~an a decade, the market has never gained significant size. This afticle demonstrates a large potential market for reverse mortgages and discusses demand and supply explanations as to why the current number of reverse mortgages is so small.
Striking the balance between PTEN and PDK1: it all depends on the cell context: Figure 1. (2009)

The phosphatidyl-inosital-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is critical for normal brain development and function and is commonly hyperactivated in brain cancer. The PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) tumor suppressor protein and phosphate-depended kinase 1 (PDK-1) are critical regulators of this pathway. In the July 15, 2009, issue of Genes & Development, Chalhoub and colleagues (pp. 1619-1624) demonstrate PDK1-dependent and PDK1-independent effects of conditional PTEN deletion in the brain, and they identify cell type-specific differences in feedback regulation of the PI3K pathway. These studies provide important insights as to how neurons and glia may differentially regulate PI3K signaling, yielding intriguing clues about targeting PTEN-deficient brain cancers.
Biologically Inactive Leptin and Early-Onset Extreme Obesity (2014)

Mutations in the gene encoding leptin (LEP) typically lead to an absence of circulating leptin and to extreme obesity. We describe a 2-year-old boy with early-onset extreme obesity due to a novel homozygous transversion (c.298G→T) in LEP, leading to a change from aspartic acid to tyrosine at amino acid position 100 (p.D100Y) and high immunoreactive levels of leptin. Overexpression studies confirmed that the mutant protein is secreted but neither binds to nor activates the leptin receptor. The mutant protein failed to reduce food intake and body weight in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Treatment of the patient with recombinant human leptin (metreleptin) rapidly normalized eating behavior and resulted in weight loss.
Power-delay energy comparison of bipolar and IGFET digital devices and circuits (1975)

Previous analysis shows the IGFET to be dynamically equivalent to a bipolar transistor operating with a base series capacitance equal to the IGFET gate capacitance. This equivalence illuminates the physical reasons for disadvantageous power-delay energy characteristics compared to bipolar devices, devices which operate with Boltzmann barrier principles and thus seem to most closely approach the fundamental power-delay thermal limit. Means for reducing IGFET disadvantages are discussed.
Charge circuits for analog LSI (1978)

Precision analog integrated circuits may be realized using MOS transistors and accurately ratioed MOS capacitors. Compatibility with high-density digital MOS circuits leads to the possibility of fully Integrated subsystems employing both analog and digital circuitry. This paper presents a unified view of sampled-data charge-conserving circuits for analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters and audio frequency filters.
Psychrotrophs in dairy products: Their effects and their control (1994)

Health concerns and technological effects of psychrotrophic bacteria in dairy products are reviewed, as well as methods to control their presence and development. The various Gram-negative and Gram-positive psychrotrophic species are listed and, with respect to pathogenic psychrotrophs, emphasis is given on Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Bacillus cereus. The influence of psychrotrophic bacteria on the quality of raw milk, pasteurized and UHT milks, butter, ice cream, cheese, and powders is examined. Public health considerations of Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Bacillus cereus of these various dairy products are also presented. Methods that can be used to eliminate or control the development of psychrotropic bacteria include low or high temperatures, chemicals, gases, the lactoperoxidase system, lactic acid bacteria, microfiltration, bactofugation, lactoferrin-related proteins, sanitation, flavors, and naturally occurring spore germinants.
<title>Passive stabilization of temperature dependent polarization errors of a polarization-rotating resonator fiber optic gyroscope</title> (1995)

The polarization-rotating resonator was developed to reduce temperature dependent polarization errors of a resonator fiber optic gyroscope for navigation-grade applications. Residual temperature dependent fluctuation of the symmetry of the resonance features limits the gyroscope performance. We present a fabrication technique, involving white-light interferometry, that yields a passive stabilized resonator. Experimental results show greatly improved resonator thermal stability.
Integration of time-lapse seismic and production data in a Gulf of Mexico gas field (2001)

A pilot study was initiated to evaluate the feasibility of using legacy 3-D seismic time-lapse analysis as a reservoir monitoring tool to assist planning future development in a shallow oil and gas field in the Gulf of Mexico. The reservoir selected for initial evaluation was the shallowest of a series of stacked oil and gas pays. This choice was based on seismic data quality and the desire to eliminate any possible effects of production in overlying reservoirs.
Screening Citrus Hybrids for Cold Hardiness (1972)

Abstract Tree and fruit losses from cold injury are important problems in growing citrus. Severe losses from the freezes of 1894-95, 1957-58, 1962, and 1970-71 in Florida; 1949, 1950, and 1962 in Texas; and 1913, 1937, 1949, and 1950 in California, have stimulated research on cold hardiness of citrus. One method of reducing losses from freezes is the production of cold hardy cultivars by breeding and selection. Citrus physiologists and breeders with the USDA at Orlando, Florida; Indio, California; and Weslaco, Texas, have coordinated their research to develop more cold hardy citrus cultivars (2, 3). This paper summarizes some recent efforts to develop methods for screening citrus hybrids for cold hardiness. The glossary (Table 1) of the citrus types and names used here include cold hardiness ratings. Common names or a designated number will be used for simplicity of discussion.
The Role of Repression in The Pathogenesis of Alcoholism. (1996)

An investigation was conducted to investigate the role of repression in the development of alcoholism. Drawing on psychoanalytic and contemporary approaches to the notion of repressive defense, the experiments conducted examined the recall of childhood memories as dependent variables on which subjects repressive defense performance was evaluated. It was found that abstinent alcoholics differed significantly from controls on a number of indices of recall. Alcoholics exhibited a recall profile that indicated strongly that they failed to repress negative affective memories. Confirmatory evidence for the notion of repression failure in alcoholics was found by the observation that there were relatively few alcoholic 'repressors', determined by the intersection of trait anxiety and defensiveness measures. The alcoholic subjects also tended to associate relatively more emotional intensity with recalled negative childhood memories. This was not expected and suggests that the alcoholics repressive defense pattern is representative of a more fundamental information-processing deficit than merely a failure to repress. To define this newly observed phenomenon, the term 'pararepression' was introduced. A further study was conducted to investigate the possibility that the repression deficit observed in alcoholics may be inter-generationally transmitted. It was observed that nonalcoholic adult children of alcoholics (ACOA's) demonstrated a similar recall profile to that of alcoholic subjects, essentially ACOA's failed to repress and showed evidence of the pararepressive phenomenon observed in alcoholics. It was further observed that important psychosocial constructs including parental bonding differences observed between groups were important predictors of retrieval performance. A composite variable was generated using discriminant function analysis and this revealed that ACOA's were much more similar to alcoholics than they were to the control group. Importantly, variables that are believed to be indicative of early adaptive relationship formation were found to be associated with retrieval performance and psychopathology. In effect, early experiences would appear to influence adult retrieval performance. An investigation into the effect of an acute dose of alcohol on retrieval performance, and a study of the relationship between repression, consumption of alcohol, and menstrual cycle phase were conducted to examine methodological issues salient to repressive defense. Implications of the findings were discussed and the direction of future research indicated.
Temperature Dependence of the Dielectric, Elastic and Piezoelectric Material Constants of Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics (1999)

Smart structures based on piezoelectric materials are now finding applications in a wide variety of environmental conditions. We have used the impedance resonance technique to measure the impedance spectra of lead zirconate titanate ceramic specimens over temperatures ranging between 0oC and 100oC. The analysis of the radial, thickness, thickness shear and length extensional modes of resonance have allowed us to determine the temperature dependence of the complete reduced matrix of material constants, [s E , e T , d], and our results are presented. We have also studied the effect of multiple heating cycles on the material and have observed the occurrence of thermal hysteresis. The causes and the significance of this hysteresis are analysed.
MICROX-an advanced silicon technology for microwave circuits up to X-band (2002)

An advanced silicon technology is presented which is capable of producing highly reliable and affordable MMICs (monolithic microwave integrated circuits) integrated with high-speed CMOS digital functions as replacements for costly GaAs hybrids currently used in systems up to X-band. The technology involves high-resistivity substrates. SIMOX (separation by implanted oxygen) processing, metal reinforced wide (100- mu m) by very short (0.3-0.5- mu m) polysilicon gates with multiple fingers, air-bridge technology, and other techniques to improve the high-speed performance by reducing parasitic elements and maintaining the substrate resistivity during the fabrication process. The technology has resulted in n-channel device cut-off frequencies (f/sub max/) of 21 GHz, with 40-GHz capability predicted by modeling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>