gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Vehicle Propulsion System Using Continuous Track LIMs on Steel Plates (2021)

A robotic vehicle based on a novel Linear Induction Motor (LIM) has been developed for operation on steel, iron or other surfaces with high magnetic. A control strategy that utilises the coupled nature of the attractive normal and linear thrust forces has been developed that focuses on achieving adhesion to a non-horizontal surface as well as peak thrust for given structural and operational parameters. The developed vehicle has a total mass of 28kg and has been experimentally tested to develop a peak thrust force from standstill of 90N for an input power of 1.7kW by switching 220V supply at 10-20Hz. Analysis shows that the vehicle generates the greatest force with a slip frequency between 10–20 Hz, that the greatest normal force of 518N at 5Hz was developed when climbing at 121°, and 11W is lost in the reaction plate through 3A/mm<sup>2</sup> eddy currents. The magnetic field Z-component is shown to be quasi-sinusoidal, and an attractive force of 714N is generated.
<title>Processing system for the analysis of particle displacement holograms</title> (1993)

Holography is a method by which information of a 3D object space can be recorded. Used to record the position of neutrally buoyant tracers in a flow at two or more briefly separated instants it provides the means to record complex 3D velocity distributions. The magnitude of data contained in a holographic recording and the complexity of extracting flow displacement values from within a random distribution of holographically recorded seed particles makes automated analysis desirable. The analysis system described here is based on 3D correlation processing and provides an accurate and reliable means of detecting and measuring the local 3D displacements from a background of randomly positioned particles.
Towards Automated Visual Monitoring of Individual Gorillas in the Wild (2017)

In this paper we report on the context and evaluation of a system for an automatic interpretation of sightings of individual western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) as captured in facial field photography in the wild. This effort aligns with a growing need for effective and integrated monitoring approaches for assessing the status of biodiversity at high spatio-temporal scales. Manual field photography and the utilisation of autonomous camera traps have already transformed the way ecological surveys are conducted. In principle, many environments can now be monitored continuously, and with a higher spatio-temporal resolution than ever before. Yet, the manual effort required to process photographic data to derive relevant information delimits any large scale application of this methodology. The described system applies existing computer vision techniques including deep convolutional neural networks to cover the tasks of detection and localisation, as well as individual identification of gorillas in a practically relevant setup. We evaluate the approach on a relatively large and challenging data corpus of 12,765 field images of 147 individual gorillas with image-level labels (i.e. missing bounding boxes) photographed at Mbeli Bai at the Nouabal-Ndoki National Park, Republic of Congo. Results indicate a facial detection rate of 90.8% AP and an individual identification accuracy for ranking within the Top 5 set of 80.3%. We conclude that, whilst keeping the human in the loop is critical, this result is practically relevant as it exemplifies model transferability and has the potential to assist manual identification efforts. We argue further that there is significant need towards integrating computer vision deeper into ecological sampling methodologies and field practice to move the discipline forward and open up new research horizons.
Biomechanics and osteosynthesis of condylar neck fractures of the mandible (1995)

Almost one quarter of mandibular fractures are located in the condylar neck region, and these fractures generally lead to occlusal disturbances. Now it is possible, with a new axial, oblique-axial lag screw with biconcave washers, to achieve standardized osteosynthesis in the area of the thin mandibular neck.
Integrin-EGF-3 domain of bovine CD18 is critical for<i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i>leukotoxin species-specific susceptibility (2007)

Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin (LktA) is the primary virulence factor contributing to the pathogenesis of lung injury in bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. Results from the authors' previous studies demonstrated that the site required for LktA binding leading to susceptibility to its biological effects resides within amino acid residues 500-600 of the extracellular region of bovine CD18. Experiments were designed to identify a much smaller functional domain within this 100 amino acid region of bovine CD18 that is critically required for species-specific susceptibility to LktA effects. Chimeric bovine X human CD18 with different integrin epidermal growth factor(I-EGF) like domains switched between bovine and human CD18 were generated and coexpressed with bovine CD11a in the human K562 cell line. The resulting chimeric transductants were tested for susceptibility to LktA-induced effects. The results demonstrate unequivocally that the I-EGF-3 domain of bovine CD18 (amino acid residues 541-581) is critical for conferring species-specific susceptibility to M. haemolytica leukotoxin.
Vacuumatics: Shaping space by 'freezing' geometry of structures (2007)

Vacuumatically pre-stressed structures (vacuumatics in short) can be defined as the rigidifying of a flexible system of foils with enclosed structural (filler) elements by extracting the air within these foils (figure 1).\nSince the "invention" of the principle with the vacuum bracing in the late 1960’s only little research has been carried out to explore the full potential of this promising technique implemented within the building industry, especially with respect to the structural and geometrical potential of vacuumatics in combination with their repositioning qualities.\nThis paper sets out to illustrate the spatial qualities of this appealing "new" medium in "archi-tectonic" design, and its potential application as flexible concrete formwork: vacuumatics!
Proposal of a Model and Architecture for Handling Ambiguity in Recognition-Based Input (1999)

Recognition technologies are being used extensively in both the commercial and research world. But recognizers are still error-prone, and this results in performance problems and brittle dialogues, which are a barrier to the acceptance and usefulness of recognition systems. Better interfaces to recognition systems, which can help to reduce the burden of recognition errors, are difficult to build because of lack of knowledge about the ambiguity inherent in recognition. We have extended a user interface toolkit to model and to provide structured support for ambiguity at the input event level. We have populated this toolkit with re-usable interface components for resolving ambiguity. The resulting infrastructure makes it easier for application developers to support error handling, thus helping to reduce the negative effects of recognition errors, and allowing us to explore new types of interfaces for dealing with ambiguity.
Proximity Effects in Superconductor/Insulating-Ferromagnet NbN/GdN Multilayers (1996)

Superconductor/insulating-ferromagnet NbN/GdN multilayers reveal that the superconducting properties of the NbN layers are dominated by the insulating nature of the GdN layers, which curtail the pair-breaking effect despite the strong ferromagnetism. The effects of ferromagnetic walls on superconducting slabs have been captured. Very large parallel critical fields have also been observed.
Immunolocalization of Multidrug Resistance Protein 5 in the Human Genitourinary System (2002)

The co-expression of MRP5 and phosphodiesterase 5 in smooth muscle cells of the genitourinary system indicates 2 distinct pathways for cGMP removal. Thus, MRP5 inhibition represents a new approach for enhancing cGMP levels in smooth muscle cells and developing drugs for erectile dysfunction.
Screening for differential methylation status in fetal myocardial tissue samples with ventricular septal defects by promoter methylation microarrays (2010)

To identify and provide a global assessment of DNA methylation in fetal ventricular septal defect (VSD), genomic DNA extracted from fetal myocardial tissue samples with VSD (n=21) and from normal fetal myocardial tissue samples (n=15) was analyzed for gene methylation using array‑based technology. Furthermore, the KIAA0310, RAB43, SIVA1 and NDRG2 genes were randomly selected for validation analysis using methylation-specific PCR. Our results revealed that 70 and 85 genes were regulated by hypermethylation and hypomethylation, respectively, in VSD. Different clusters of genes were associated with functions including embryo development, signal transduction, cell apoptosis and cell proliferation. In conclusion, this study identified a set of candidate genes whose expression is regulated by DNA methylation in fetal VSD.
Die gebruik van lasers in geneeskunde (1994)

The acronym laser stands for “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation”. The basic principles by which light energy from a laser is generated is discussed briefly. The different types of lasers are mentioned. The diagnostic and therapeutic uses of lasers in medicine are discussed in greater detail.
Semiconductor thickness effects in the double-gate SOI MOSFET (1998)

Influence of the semiconductor film thickness in the double-gate silicon on-insulator (SOI) MOSFET on the electron concentration distribution, electron charge density, threshold voltage, electron effective mobility, and drain current is theoretically analyzed. The consideration of the semiconductor region is based on two descriptions: the "classical" model based on a solution to the Poisson equation and the "quantum" model based on a self-consistent solution to the Schrodinger and Poisson equation system. The electron effective mobility and the drain current are calculated with the use of the local mobility model.
The Role of the Coprecipitation Sequence of Salt Precursors on the Genesis of Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 Catalysts: Synthesis, Characterization and Activity for Low Temperature Shift Reaction (1998)

Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 catalysts for the low-temperature water-gas shift reaction were prepared using methods of direct and reverse coprecipitation. The catalysts obtained were characterized by DRX, TPR, XPS, N2O chemisorption, Hg-Porosimetry and BET surface area. It was observed that the precipitation sequence of the precursors led to significant differences in values of copper dispersion and consequently in the activity of the catalyst for the water-gas shift reaction.
Some Fundamental Laws of Language Learning (1939)

The author stresses the importance of defining language, analyzing how it functions and studying analogies between linguistic activities and impressions in native and foreign tongues.)
Neuropeptide Y Increases Force Development through a Mechanism That Involves Calcium Entry in Resistance Arteries (1993)

The hypothesis that neuropeptide Y (NPY) potentiates noradrenaline (NA)-induced vascular force development by increasing free intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) was tested in rat mesenteric resistance arteries. NPY (100 nM) alone was not able to increase either the contraction or [Ca2+]i. However, pretreatment of mesenteric resistance arteries with 100 nM NPY potentiated both [Ca2+]i and active stress induced by 1.5 microM NA. Addition of 100 nM NPY to vessels that had been precontracted with NA (1.5 microM) elicited a large increase in [Ca2+]i and an increase in active stress development. In Ca(2+)-free medium containing 2 mM ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, the potentiating effect of NPY on the NA-induced contraction was prevented, and readdition of Ca2+ resulted in a large increase in both [Ca2+]i and active stress development. It is concluded that NPY potentiates NA-induced contraction in the isolated mesenteric resistance artery by inducing a rise in [Ca2+]i through an influx of Ca2 from the extracellular source.
Smart Contracts Search Engine in Blockchain (2019)

Recently blockchain technology has attracted increasing attention. It provides a distributed peer-to-peer network. It also allows to enlarge the contracting space using smart contracts. Smart contract is a numeric protocol which define a promises between parties. In a blockchain platform, we can find millions of smart contracts which are created by different users (developers). The smarts contracts created by users and saved in a blockchain can be similar in functionality, even if different users use different wording. This paper presents a new search engine in the blockchain. The novelty of our search engine is to help users to checks their smart contracts by referencing some similar existing smart contracts created and saved in a blockchain platform. Our search engine allows to give each user an adaptive set of similar smart-contracts based on the user's similarity needs. Our search engine is developed in the Ethereum blockchain platform. Experiments demonstrate the potential of our search engine system under different scenarios.
In vitro transcription of human pararotavirus (1986)

Purified human pararotavirus obtained from stool samples from a 6-month-old infant was characterized. Electron microscopy of the viral particles subjected to different treatments suggested that the protein shells differed from those described for rotavirus. Treatment with both EDTA or ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid in the presence or absence of Mg2+ seemed to convert the virions into core particles by removal of both the outer and inner shells, and no particles equivalent to single-shelled rotavirus were observed. Different procedures were used to activate the human pararotavirus-associated RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The enzyme was not activated by chelating agents or by thermal shock as in rotavirus. Activation by thermal shock occurred only in the presence of the four ribonucleoside triphosphates and Mg2+. However, the polymerase of pararotavirus was found to be similar to those described for rotaviruses. When in vitro transcripts were analyzed, 11 RNA species having a migration pattern similar to that of the original genomic RNA were detected.
Multichannel analysis of shear wave splitting (2000)

A multichannel analysis is introduced to constrain seismic anisotropy from the shear wave splitting of SKS and SKKS . This technique utilizes simultaneously a set of records coming from different azimuths. The splitting intensity of SKS waves, measured by the amplitude of the transverse component, depends on the angle between the back azimuth of the earthquake and the direction of the symmetry axis and on the delay time δt between the two quasi‐shear waves. It is shown that the splitting parameters can be determined from the azimuthal dependence of the splitting intensity, which is given by the first right eigenvector of the matrix containing the transverse components of all the records. Alternatively, the splitting intensity can be measured by projecting the transverse components on the radial components derivatives. Experiments on synthetic seismograms demonstrate that both approaches provide robust estimates of the splitting parameters. However, the projection approach gives measurements that are closer to the inputs and with smaller error bars, which suggests that it should be preferred when the signal‐to‐noise ratio is low. The new technique is applied to analyze shear wave splitting under stations BCAO (Bangui, Central African Republic) and BDFB (Brasilia, Brazil). The analysis of 75 seismograms recorded by station BCAO gives a fast polarization direction in very close agreement with the present‐day motion direction of the African plate. Comparisons with the results of previous studies, obtained with other techniques and smaller data sets, suggest that some of the published measurements may be strongly biased. The main limitation of the multichannel analysis is a good azimuthal distribution of the seismicity. Maps of the azimuthal coverage were determined, and it is found that the most favorable regions to study anisotropy with SKS waves are a latitudinal band that goes from South America to Africa, the eastern part of North America, and India.
Substitution and Elimination of NO <sub>2</sub> in RNO <sub>2</sub> (2001)

Chapter 7 covers substitution of nitro group in nitro compounds by nucleophiles or hydrogen, and also elimination of nitro group to afford alkenes, including 1) Radical reaction (SRN1) 2) Ionic process 3) Intramolecular substitution 4) Radical denitration 5) Ionic denitration 6) Alkenes from nitro compounds via radical process 7) Alkenes from nitro compounds via ionic process
Identification of TNFR2 and IL-33 as therapeutic targets in localized fibrosis (2019)

Dissecting the molecular landscape of fibrotic disease, a major unmet need, will inform the development of novel treatment strategies to target disease progression and identify desperately needed therapeutic targets. Here, we provide a detailed single-cell analysis of the immune landscape in Dupuytren's disease, a localized fibrotic condition of the hand, and identify a pathogenic signaling circuit between stromal and immune cells. We demonstrate M2 macrophages and mast cells as key cellular sources of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that promotes myofibroblast development. TNF acts via the inducible TNFR2 receptor and stimulates interleukin-33 (IL-33) secretion by myofibroblasts. In turn, stromal cell IL-33 acts as a potent stimulus for TNF production from immune cells. Targeting this reciprocal signaling pathway represents a novel therapeutic strategy to inhibit the low-grade inflammation in fibrosis and the mechanism that drives chronicity.
Blurriness-Guided Unsharp Masking (2018)

In this paper, a highly-adaptive unsharp masking (UM) method is proposed and called the blurriness-guided UM, or BUM, in short. The proposed BUM exploits the estimated local blurriness as the guidance information to perform pixel-wise enhancement. The consideration of local blurriness is motivated by the fact that enhancing a highly-sharp or a highly-blurred image region is undesirable, since this could easily yield unpleasant image artifacts due to over-enhancement or noise enhancement, respectively. Our proposed BUM algorithm has two powerful adaptations as follows. First, the enhancement strength is adjusted for each pixel on the input image according to the degree of local blurriness measured at the local region of this pixel's location. All such measurements collectively form the blurriness map, from which the scaling matrix can be obtained using our proposed mapping process. Second, we also consider the type of layer-decomposition filter exploited for generating the base layer and the detail layer, since this consideration would effectively help to prevent over-enhancement artifacts. In this paper, the layer-decomposition filter is considered from the viewpoint of edge-preserving type versus non-edge-preserving type. Extensive simulations experimented on various test images have clearly demonstrated that our proposed BUM is able to consistently yield superior enhanced images with better perceptual quality to that of using a fixed enhancement strength or other state-of-the-art adaptive UM methods.
Inhibitors of the arachidonate cascade from Allium chinense and their effect on in vitro platelet aggregation. (1987)

N- (p-trans-Coumaroyl) -and N- (p-cis-coumaroyl) tyramines (1, 2), lunularic acid (3) and p-coumaric acid (4), which are inhibitors of prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxane synthetases, were isolated from the bulb of Allium chinense G. DON, a Chinese medicinal drug. Stilbene derivatives structurally related to lunularic acid (3) were tested for inhibitory effect on prostaglandin synthetase. The compounds that inhibited PG biosynthesis also showed significant inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid and collagen.
Unusual clinical and histopathological findings in ocular sarcoidosis. (1983)

A 37-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a blind left eye and granulomatous panuveitis in the right eye. There was a subretinal neovascular membrane with haemorrhage beneath the macula and widespread subretinal lesions that were interpreted as choroidal granulomas in the right eye. A chest x-ray that showed diffuse pulmonary fibrosis without hilar lymphadenopathy was the only contributory clinical finding. Systemic and subconjunctival steroids and photocoagulation to the right macula brought about temporary remission. The painful left eye was enucleated. Histopathological examination revealed diffuse, noncaseating granulomas in the iris and ciliary body, retina, choroid, optic nerve, sclera and scleral emissaria, and inferior oblique muscle. A preretinal membrane was studied by electron microscopy. It was composed of a collagenous matrix containing fibroblasts and fibrous astrocytes. Some vessels, surrounded by a multilaminar basement membrane, revealed many features of normal retinal vasculature. Others were lined by markedly attenuated endothelial cells with occasional "open' junctions and fenestrations.
Dissociative Ionization of Methyl Chloride and Methyl Bromide by Collision with Metastable Neon Atoms (1997)

Total and partial cross sections for Penning ionization of methyl chloride and methyl bromide by metastable neon atoms have been measured as a function of collision energy in the 0.040−0.15 eV range. The partial cross sections for the formation of CH3X+, CH3+, and CH2X+ (X = Cl, Br) show a decreasing trend, with different slopes, when the collision energy increases. The branching ratios indicate that the production of fragment ions is favored at higher energies. Based on new correlation rules that allow to estimate pure van der Waals but also charge-transfer contributions to intermolecular potentials, the anisotropy of the Ne*−CH3Cl interaction has been semiempirically estimated. Within the electron exchange model of Penning ionization, it is shown that the anisotropy of interaction, together with the anisotropy of electron distribution of the orbitals involved in ionization, is correlated with the behavior of the ionization cross sections and branching ratios as a function of collision energy. In particular, the presence of the attractive interaction at the two ends of the molecule is responsible for the decreasing energy dependence of the total ionization cross sections, while a softer repulsive wall around the methyl group is responsible for the increase of fragment ions when collision energy increases.