gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CB1 and CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists Induce Peripheral Antinociception by Activation of the Endogenous Noradrenergic System (2013)

This study provides evidence that anandamide and PEA induce peripheral antinociception activating CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, respectively, stimulating an endogenous norepinephrine release that activates peripheral adrenoceptors inducing antinociception.
Fast approximate nearest neighbor search with the navigating spreading-out graph (2019)

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a fundamental problem in databases and data mining. A scalable ANNS algorithm should be both memory-efficient and fast. Some early graph-based approaches have shown attractive theoretical guarantees on search time complexity, but they all suffer from the problem of high indexing time complexity. Recently, some graph-based methods have been proposed to reduce indexing complexity by approximating the traditional graphs; these methods have achieved revolutionary performance on million-scale datasets. Yet, they still can not scale to billion-node databases. In this paper, to further improve the search-efficiency and scalability of graph-based methods, we start by introducing four aspects: (1) ensuring the connectivity of the graph; (2) lowering the average out-degree of the graph for fast traversal; (3) shortening the search path; and (4) reducing the index size. Then, we propose a novel graph structure called Monotonic Relative Neighborhood Graph (MRNG) which guarantees very low search complexity (close to logarithmic time). To further lower the indexing complexity and make it practical for billion-node ANNS problems, we propose a novel graph structure named Navigating Spreading-out Graph (NSG) by approximating the MRNG. The NSG takes the four aspects into account simultaneously. Extensive experiments show that NSG outperforms all the existing algorithms significantly. In addition, NSG shows superior performance in the E-commercial scenario of Taobao (Alibaba Group) and has been integrated into their billion-scale search engine.
Synthesis of a Novel Macrocyclic Lactone System (1994)

A total synthesis of a 14-membered ring lactone (3) with potential biological activity is described. The final lactonization step uses a modification of the Corey pyidinethiol ester procedure.
SU‐FF‐T‐49: Investigating Radiation Properties of a New Radioactive Seed for Concurrent Brachytherapy and Hyperthermia Treatments: A Monte Carlo Study (2009)

Purpose : Concurrent delivery of Radiation and hyperthermia has not been documented and is believed to be complementary. The purpose of this research project was two folds: a) to design a new thermobrachytherapy radioactive seed that can be used for concurrent delivery of radiation and heat by insertion of ferromagnetic materials for heat source, and b) to use MNCP5 Monte Carlo simulation code to model this new thermobrachytherapy seed and compare the TG‐43 factors, to both the Book values and the calculated Best Model. Method and Materials: A newly designed seed was modeled based on the BEST seed Model 2301, where tungsten marker core is replaced with a ferromagnetic material, capable of producing heat when subjected to external alternating electro‐magnetic field. Monte Carlo Simulations using MCNP5 was used to compute the AAPM TG43 factors and compare the results to Book values as published by Sowards et al and the TG43 report. Results : In Liquid Water, the dose rate constant calculated for the Best Seed model ♯2301 is 1.056±0.0055 Gy*h −1 *U −1 (Book value of 1.01: with a percentage difference of 4.6%). The value measured for thermobrachytherapy seed is 1.057 ±0.031 cGy*h −1 U −1 . Radial dose function was computed from 0.1cm to 10cm at 0.1cm intervals, and Anisotropy Function was calculated from 1cm to 7cm in 1cm increments at 0°–90° at 10° increments. Conclusions : The newly designed thermobrachytherapy seed appears comparable in all TG43 factors to the existing Best seed model 2301. Maximum deviations for radial dose function and anisotropy function in the range of distance and angles studied were 4.5% and 4.8% respectively. Geometry function remained essentially unchanged.
How parasitoids deal with the immune system of their host: An overview (1990)

Abstract Insects have evolved many mechanisms that reduce their potential for serving as hosts for entomophagous species. Some of these mechanisms involve escape, mimicry, and repellancy, which are effective defense mechanisms against both predators and parasitoids. But, insects have a second line of defense against parasitoids and parasites. These may include repellancy and a cuticular barrier to invasion but they include several internal defenses that are collectively referred to as immune mechanisms. The current understanding of insect immunity is reviewed as background to examining the ways in which insect parasitoids have evolved to successfully handle the immune system of the host. The various means that parasitoids utilize to handle the insect immune systems have been divided into five approaches. These five approaches are described and current knowledge of the mechanisms used by parasitoids to deal with the immune system of their host is explored.
MAP kinase‐mediated phosphoacetylation of histone H3 and inducible gene regulation (2003)

That signalling pathways, particularly the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, elicit modification of chromatin proteins such as histone H3 by phosphorylation and/or acetylation concomitant with gene activation is now well established. The picture that is emerging is one of a complex and dynamic pattern of multiple modifications at the H3 tail. Here, we review the inducible gene systems where H3 modifications have been reported and re-evaluate the controversy as to the kinase(s) that phosphorylates it as well as the proposed coupling between H3 phosphorylation and acetylation.
Increasing the Pulse Number of AC-DC Convertors by Current Reinjection Techniques (1983)

A general method is described to determine a current waveshape which, when injected into a six-pulse convertor transformer secondary, increases the pulse number of a convertor bridge. The current injection is derived from the ripple of the rectified voltage and a single phase feedback convertor; the latter is connected in series with the dc output of the main bridge. The circuits needed to achieve the required current feedback are developed for twelve and twenty-four pulse generation. Practical considerations lead to the development-of a considerably simpler configuration that provides quasi twenty-four pulse operation and the theoretical waveforms are verified experimentally.
A common element involved in transcriptional regulation of two DNA alkylation repair genes (MAG and MGT1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1993)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MAG gene encodes a 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase that protects cells from killing by alkylating agents. MAG mRNA levels are induced not only by alkylating agents but also by DNA-damaging agents that do not produce alkylated DNA. We constructed a MAG-lacZ gene fusion to help identify the cis-acting promoter elements involved in regulating MAG expression. Deletion analysis defined the presence of one upstream activating sequence and one upstream repressing sequence (URS) and suggested the presence of a second URS. One of the MAG URS elements matches a decamer consensus sequence present in the promoters of 11 other S. cerevisiae DNA repair and metabolism genes, including the MGT1 gene, which encodes an O6-methylguanine DNA repair methyltransferase. Two proteins of 26 and 39 kDa bind specifically to the MAG and MGT1 URS elements. We suggest that the URS-binding proteins may play an important role in the coordinate regulation of these S. cerevisiae DNA repair genes.
Improved JNI Memory Management Using Allocations from the Java Heap (2007)

JAVA, as a development platform provides a number of programmer friendly capabilities, including Platform neutrality, Garbage collection, Unicode support, Regular expressions, and Multi-threading support. The Java Native Interface (JNI) to allow Java to interact with libraries written in other languages. However, JNI introduces platform specific dependencies that mitigate some of Java’s benefits. In particular: Java’s garbage collection system and heap management has no awareness or control over the use of dynamic memory in the native code. A JNI library can easily cause the Java program to exceed its maximum specified heap.
A comprehensive estimation technique for high-level synthesis (1995)

Abstract: We present an integrated approach aimed at predicting layout area needed to implement a behavioral description for a given performance goal. Our approach is novel because: (1) it accounts for all types of RT level components (FUs, buses, registers), (2) it is highly flexible, allowing the designer to tradeoff one type of resource with another and considers dependencies between these different types, (3) it is vertically integrated to include provably accurate physical level estimators, and hence provides realistic accounting of layout effects, and (4) it uses a timing model with finer granularity, accounting for various delays in RTL datapaths. We demonstrate our technique on a variety of HLS benchmarks and show that efficient and effective design space exploration can be accomplished using this technique.
Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors and their Applications in Pipeline Monitoring (2013)

Health monitoring of civil infrastructure systems has recently emerged as a powerful tool for condition assessment of infrastructure performance. With the widespread use of modern telecommunication technologies, structures could be monitored periodically from a central station located several kilometres away from the field. This remote capability allows immediate damage detection, so that necessary actions are taken to reduce the risk. Optical fiber sensors offer a relatively new technology for monitoring the performance of spatially distributed structures such as pipelines. In this regards, several commercially available strain and temperature sensing equipment such as discrete FBGs (Fibre Bragg Gratings) and fully distributed sensing techniques such as Raman DTS (distributed temperature sensor) and Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR) typically offer sensing lengths of the order of 100 km's. Distributed fiber optic sensing offers the ability to measure temperatures and/or strains at thousands of points along a single fiber. In this paper, the authors will give a brief overview of these optical fiber technologies, outline potential applications of these technologies for geotechnical engineering applications and experience in utilising BOTDR in water pipeline monitoring application.
Methods and Algorithms for the Measurement of the Optical Parameters of Tissues (2010)

Methods and algorithms for solving the inverse problem of finding tissue and blood optical parameters such as absorption and scattering coefficients, anisotropy factor, and refractive index are presented. Advantages and drawbacks of these methods are analyzed. Widespread measuring techniques such as integrating sphere, spatially, time-, and angular-resolved, and OCT, as well as inverse methods, such as Kubelka-Munk, multiflux, adding-doubling and inverse Monte Carlo, are overviewed. Exhaustive data on optical properties of human tissue and blood measured in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo are presented. 2.1 Basic principles Methods for determining the optical parameters of tissues can be divided into two large groups, direct and indirect methods. Direct methods include those based on some fundamental concepts and rules such as the Bouguer-Beer-Lambert law [see Eq. (1.1)], the single-scattering phase function [see Eqs. (1.13) and (1.15)] for thin samples, or the effective light penetration depth for slabs. The parameters measured are the collimated light transmission Tc and the scattering indicatrix I(Î¸) (angular dependence of the scattered light intensity, Wâcm2 sr) for thin samples or the fluence rate inside a slab. The normalized scattering indicatrix is equal to the scattering phase function I(Î¸)âI(0) â¡ p(Î¸), 1âsr. These methods are advantageous in that they use very simple analytic expressions for data processing. Their disadvantages are related to the necessity to strictly fulfill experimental conditions dictated by the selected model (single scattering in thin samples, exclusion of the effects of light polarization and refraction at cuvette edges, etc.); in the case of slabs with multiple scattering, the recording detector (usually a fiber light guide with an isotropically scattering ball at the tip end) must be placed far from both the light source and the medium boundaries. Indirect methods obtain the solution of the inverse scattering problem using a theoretical model of light propagation in a medium. They are in turn divided into iterative and noniterative models. The former use equations in which the optical properties are defined through parameters directly related to the quantities being evaluated. The latter are based on the two-flux Kubelka-Munk model and multiflux models.
Contribution of MyD88 to the tumor exosome-mediated induction of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) (95.16) (2010)

Abstract Tumor cells released membrane microvesicles - exosomes, can stimulate inflammation through MDSC, and then promote tumor growth by activating immunosuppressive networks. MyD88 is a cytoplasmic adaptor molecule essential for inducing inflammation via the TLR receptors. Very little is known about whether tumor exosome-mediated induction MDSCs and tumor growth is regulated through MyD88. In this study, we observed that mice pretreated with tumor exosomes had a significant acceleration of tumor metastasis in the lung. Tumor metastasis correlated significantly with an increase in recruitment of more MDSCs in the lung of B6 mice pretreated with tumor exosomes. These effects were blunted when MyD88 KO mice were pretreated with tumor exosomes. MDSCs induced by tumor exosomes and isolated from WT B6 mice are also more potent in inhibition of T cell activation and induction of IL-6 and TNF-α than MDSCs isolated from the lung of MyD88 KO mice via activation of the Stat3 pathway. Our in vitro data further support that addition of tumor exosomes to bone marrow derived CD11b+Gr-1+ cells isolated from WT B6 mice results in producing more cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and the chemokine CCL2, than CD11b+Gr-1+ cells isolated from MyD88 KO mice. Less CCL2 in lung was observed in MyD88 KO mice pretreated with tumor exosomes than that in WT mice. Together these data demonstrate a pivotal role for MyD88 in tumor exosome-mediated induction of IL-6, TNF-α, expansion of MDSCs and tumor metastasis.
Dislocation nets in bismuth and antimony tellurides (1960)

Abstract The electron microscopic examination of thin foils of bismuth and antimony telluride, prepared by repeated cleavage, reveals the presence extended dislocation patterns. Since the c-plane is simultaneously glide and cleavage plane, the dislocation arrangements are preferentially situated in the plane of observation. This is a considerable advantage if one wishes study the configurations due to glide, since one might hope that the typical thin foil behaviour would not apply to the glide planes parallel to the foil. Sets of concontric dislocation lines are often observed, but they invariably originate in soma invisible source, outside the crystal. In the c-plane very extended nets are often observed. The multiplication of dislocations and the resulting formation of networks, as well as the elimination of dislocations are observed whilst in progress. The latter phenomenon is due to a combination of glide and climb. Some contrast effects are also mentioned.
Verification of interacting sequential circuits (1990)

The problem of verifying the equivalence of interacting finite state machines (FSMs) described at the logic level is addressed. The problem is formulated as that of checking for the equivalence of the reset/starting states of the two FSMs. First, separate sum-of-product representations of the ON-sets and OFF-sets of each of the flip-flop inputs and primary outputs of the sequential circuit, are extracted using the PODEM algorithm. We describe a fast algorithm for state differentiation based on this representation. The input as well as the state space is implicitly enumerated through a process of repeated cube intersections to generate the State Transition Graph (STG).In contrast to previous approaches, this algorithm can be efficiently generalized for verifying distributed-style specifications of interacting sequential circuits, exploiting the nature of the interconnection topology. Pipeline latches in a distributed-style specification typically do not add complexity to the sequential behavior of a circuit, but greatly add to the complexity of traditional approaches to verifying sequential circuits. Pipeline latches are easily incorporated into our generalized, hierarchical verification strategy whereby the states of pipeline latches can be implicitly enumerated.Experimental results indicate the superior efficiency of this approach as compared to previous approaches for FSM verification. It is possible to verify examples with more than 1050 states.
High risk of cancer in autoimmune necrotizing myopathies: usefulness of myositis specific antibody (2016)

Cancer can occur in patients with inflammatory myopathies. This association is mainly observed in dermatomyositis, and myositis-specific antibodies have allowed us to delineate patients at an increased risk. Malignancy is also reported in patients with necrotizing autoimmune myopathies, but the risk remains elusive. Anti-signal recognition particle or anti-HMGCR antibodies have been specifically associated with necrotizing autoimmune myopathies. We aimed at screening the incidence of cancer in necrotizing autoimmune myopathies. A group of patients (n = 115) with necrotizing autoimmune myopathies with or without myositis-specific antibodies was analysed. Malignancy occurred more frequently in seronegative necrotizing autoimmune myopathies patients and in HMGCR-positive patients compared to anti-signal recognition particle positive patients. Synchronous malignancy was diagnosed in 21.4% and 11.5% of cases, respectively, and incidence of cancer was higher compared to the general population in both groups. No specific type of cancer was predominant. Patients suffering from a synchronous cancer had a decreased median survival time. Cancer screening is necessary in seronegative necrotizing autoimmune myopathies and in HMGCR-positive patients but not in anti-signal recognition particle-positive patients.
When social networking meets online games (2007)

Using activity theory and genre theory as bases for analysis, this article examines the activity of grouping in the massively multiplayer online role-playing game World of Warcraft. The article first examines what grouping does in the overall context of the game, including its socialization and gameplay functions. Grouping involves a series of interactions and conventions that structure gameplay objectives and model expected behavior. Groups are formed through specific interfaces in the game that enact social networking processes and can be examined comparatively alongside web-based social networking technologies. By looking at interface design, the article identifies how grouping as an activity is mediated and what social expectations are put in place when players participate in groups.Next, the article considers the role of other texts in the activity system of grouping, focusing on two examples: the game FAQ and message board. The FAQ is especially noteworthy as an instance of player-produced technical writing. Players write FAQs to document basic game information, present game strategies and walkthroughs, and help other players solve problems. As a genre, this type of FAQ is characterized by a number of tensions that can productively challenge how we think about the conventions of electronic and printed text. FAQ writers make different kinds of rhetorical moves that situate the text within the larger activity of gaming and outline specific purposes and audiences. The FAQ is also examined here in the context of message board interaction, which is used in part for more localized discourse that the FAQ does not address specifically. Working at various levels of abstraction and consolidation, this system of online texts mediates group activity and provides a space for extra-game interactions to directly influence the in-game interactions and behaviors of players (and vice versa).
Spirochromans (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpirochromansJoseph B. Niederl and Richard H. NagelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 2, 324–325Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01859a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01859a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies on Thiazolidinones. Part-XV. Synthesis of Thiazolidinones from Mono- and Di-Substituted Thiourea Possessing Alicyclic and Heterocyclic Substituents (1985)

Department of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar-768 019 <em>Manuscript received 12 August 1983, revised 17 April 1984, accepted 18 January 1985</em> Studies on Thiazolidinones. Part-XV. Synthesis of Thiazolidinones from Mono- and Di-Substituted Thiourea Possessing Alicyclic and Heterocyclic Substituents.