gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of cross-linking molecular weights in a hyaluronic acid–poly(ethylene oxide) hydrogel network on its properties (2006)

We examined the effects of cross-linking molecular weights on the properties of a hyaluronic acid (HA)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) hydrogel. Swelling behaviors, mechanical strength and rheological behaviors of the HA-PEO hydrogel were evaluated by employing different cross-linking molecular weights (100 kDa and 1.63 mDa) of the HAs in the hydrogel networks. The low molecular weight of HA was obtained in advance by treating high molecular weight HA with a hydrogen chloride solution. Methacrylation of HA was obtained by grafting aminopropylmethacrylate to its caroboxylic acid functional groups. While reduction of the HA molecular weights was confirmed by gel permeation chromatography, the degree of methacrylate grafting to the HA was measured by (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance. Synthesis of the HA-PEO hydrogel was successfully achieved via the Michael-type addition reaction between the methacrylate arm groups in the HA and the six thiol groups in PEO. The hydrogel formation was not dependent upon the HA molecular weights and its gelation behaviors were markedly different. Compared to the properties of the high molecular weight HA-based PEO one, the low molecular weight HA-based hydrogel induced quicker hydrogelation, as observed from the behaviors of the elastic and viscous modulus. Furthermore, the low molecular weight HA-based hydrogel demonstrated stronger mechanical properties as measured with a texture analyzer, lower water absorption as measured with a microbalance and smaller pore sizes on its surface and cross section as observed with scanning electron microscopy. The information about the effects of the cross-linking molecular weights of the gel network on the properties of the HA-based PEO hydrogel may lead to better design of hydrogels, especially in tissue engineering applications.
The role of <scp>IL</scp>‐33 and its receptor <scp>ST</scp>2 in human nasal epithelium with allergic rhinitis (2011)

The IL-33 and its receptor ST2 play important roles in allergic rhinitis. The IL-33-mediated inflammatory responses via ST2 are regulated by distinct signalling pathways in HNECs and the IL-33/ST2 pathway may provide new therapeutic targets for allergic rhinitis.
Gemcitabine and vinorelbine in pemetrexed‐pretreated patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (2008)

The gemcitabine and vinorelbine combination was moderately active and had an acceptable toxicity profile in pemetrexed-pretreated patients with MPM. The role of second-line treatment in MPM needs to be evaluated in prospective trials in large series of patients who are stratified according to previous treatment and prognostic factors.
Approximations to optimal nonlinear filters (1967)

Let the signal and noise processes be given as solutions to nonlinear stochastic differential equations. The optimal filter for the problem, derived elsewhere, is usually infinite dimensional. Several methods of obtaining possibly useful finite dimensional approximations are considered here, and some of the special problems of simulation are discussed. The numerical results indicate a number of useful features of the approximating filters and suggest methods of improvement. The paper is concerned with problems where the noise and nonlinear effects are much too large for the use of "linearization" methods, which for the simulated problem, at least, were useless.
A switched-capacitor building block for analog FIR filters (2003)

A stray-insensitive switched-capacitor (SC) building block is presented that permits the realization of arbitrary analog finite-impulse-response (FIR) filters. With one amplifier per (n-2)nd-order cell (where n denotes the number of phases), the proposed cellular approach is feasible for the implementation of at least moderate-order FIR systems. Since the amplifiers in the presented SC cells are time-multiplexed, the upper frequency limit of these sampled data analog circuits will be approximately a factor n/2 smaller than the maximum operating frequency of common two-phase SC networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Capacitively Loaded Loop as Basic Element of Negative Permeability Meta-material (2002)

A simple one-dimensional meta-material which exhibits negative permeability within a finite frequency band is proposed in this paper. Instead of recently introduced split-ring resonators, this structure comprises an array of the capacitively loaded small loop antennas. Due to resonant behaviour of the antenna current, intensity of the magnetic field of the incoming plane wave may be locally decreased yielding a stop-band with negative effective permeability. Theoretical analysis was verified by measurements of the transmission coefficient of experimental structures in free space and in rectangular waveguide, in 10 GHz frequency band. The developed structure was also combined with previously reported negative permittivity wire structure and left-handed (backward wave) properties were observed.
Emerging analgesics in cancer pain management (2005)

Cancer pain is one of the most frequent symptoms in malignant disease, severely impairing the patients' quality of life. The recommendations of the World Health Organization will provide adequate pain relief for the vast majority of cancer patients. However, some patients will suffer from inadequate analgesia or intolerable side effects. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), new anticonvulsants, cannabinoids and NMDA receptor antagonists are being developed for these patients. NSAIDs with nitric oxide-releasing moieties are an interesting addition, as this new class of analgesics combines improved analgesic efficacy with higher tolerability. Conotoxins and other drugs such as nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor agonists will be advantageous only for a few patients in the near future, as side-effect profile and risk of complications, as well as the burden on the patient, often are not worth the additional analgesic benefit.
Dose Analysis of the Model 112A Pulserad Pulsed X-Ray Generator by Its Cyltran (1989)

The radiation output from the NPS Pulserad 112A X—ray Generator has been calculated using the ITS code CYLTRAN. The results of this numerical simulation have been compared to the experimental measurements taken previously. These calculations show that the overall photon energy spectrum is independent of the electron source beam parameters such as beam radius and angular distribution. A previously unexplained measured dip in the radiation dose at the beam center line can be explained with an angular divergence of the electron beam from the cathode. The simulation is successful in explaining the pattern of the dose distribution, but the calculation is in general much smaller than the measured values. This inability to reproduce the magnitude of the dose pattern points out the need to measure the radiation dose each time the Pulserad 112A is used. Some suggestions for explaining this discrepancy are included.
Yb<sup>3+</sup>-doped fiber laser with integrated optical cooler (2010)

The quantum defect caused by the difference between the pump and laser photon energies results in heat generation, which deteriorates the performance of lasers. This effect is very significant in high power lasers, since it can cause the stress-induced refractive index change and temperature-induced gain change. The radiation-balanced technique, in which all photons generated in the laser cycle are annihilated with the cooling cycle, has been proposed to solve the problem in the case of solid-state lasers. Unfortunately, in the radiation-balanced laser the radiated energy increases only linearly with the length of the laser medium. We propose a radically new approach to solve the problem of heat generation in lasers by using a co-doped fiber laser with two pump sources. In this laser Yb<sup>3+</sup> ions are responsible for the lasing process, and Tm<sup>3+</sup> ions serve as a cooler incorporated in the body of the laser. This new technique provides an exponential growth of radiation along the laser medium leading to almost athermal operation.
Photochemical and thermal reactions of aromatic Schiff bases (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical and thermal reactions of aromatic Schiff basesErich Tauer and Karl H. GrellmannCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 21, 4252–4258Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00334a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1632Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (943 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Clinical characteristics of responders to intravitreal bevacizumab in central serous chorioretinopathy patients (2016)

PURPOSE: To investigate factors associated with good response to intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients.\n\nMETHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 42 eyes of CSC patients of symptom duration more than 3 months who received a single or multiple successive IVBs on an as-needed basis (0.05�뎜l, 1.25�뎜g). High responders (HRs) were defined as complete resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Moderate responders (MRs) were defined as SRF resolution of 50-99% of pretreatment volume and poor responders (PRs) as SRF resolution <50%. Clinical, SD-OCT, fluorescein, and indocyanine green angiography findings were analyzed to find factors associated with HR. Descriptive statistics for all demographic and clinical variables were calculated, and comparisons were made using Wilcoxon's matched-pairs signed-rank test, the Mann-Whitney U-test for means with continuous data, Pearson's ��(2) test, and Fisher's exact test for categorical data.\n\nRESULTS: The mean number of IVB was 1.9. At postoperative 1 month, there were 10 (24%) HRs, 18 (43%) MRs, and 14 (33%) PRs. At the last follow-up (the mean 8.6 months), there were 25 HRs (60%), 9 MRs (21%), and 8 PRs (19%). Thicker subfoveal choroid (P=0.036), smaller lesion diameter (P=0.019), and better baseline best-corrected visual acuity (P=0.002) predicted HRs at postoperative 1 month. HR at the last follow-up was associated with classic pattern fluorescein angiography finding.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Suboptimal effects of IVB on persistent CSC suggest primary IVB on selective cases with better vision, smaller lesion, and thicker choroid at baseline.
DSTATCOM supported induction generator for improving power quality (2016)

This paper presents an implementation of sliding mode controller (SMC) along with a proportional and integral (PI) controller for a DSTATCOM (Distribution STATic COMpensator) for improving current induced power quality issues and voltage regulation of three‐phase self‐excited induction generator (SEIG). The use of SMC for regulating the DC link voltage of DSTATCOM offers various advantages such as reduction in number of sensors for estimating reference currents and the stable DC link voltage during transient conditions. The use of PI controller for terminal voltage control gives the error free voltage regulation in steady state conditions. The voltage regulation feature of DSTATCOM offers the advantages of single point voltage operation at the generator terminals with the reactive power compensation which avoids the saturation in the generator. Other offered advantages are balanced generator currents under any loading condition, harmonic currents mitigation, stable DC link voltage and the reduced number of sensors. The SMC algorithm is successfully implemented on a DSTATCOM employed with a three‐phase SEIG feeding single phase or three phase loads. The performance of the proposed control algorithm is found satisfactory for voltage regulation and mitigation of power quality problems like reactive power compensation, harmonics elimination, and load balancing under nonlinear/linear loads.
Functionality of Milk Powders and Milk‐Based Powders for End Use Applications—A Review (2012)

Abstract: Newer variants of milk powders and milk‐based powders are being produced are looking for prospective end users. Powders possess physical and functional properties that are of significance in its usage notably powder structure, particle size distribution, powder density, bulk density, particle density, occluded air, interstitial air, flowability, rehydration (wettability, sinkability, dispersibility, solubility), hygroscopicity, heat stability, emulsifying ability, water activity, stickiness, caking, and others. Some of the functional properties of significance to milk powders and milk‐based powders are discussed in this review. Applications with regard to specific milk powders for reconstituted cheese making, coffee creamers, and those suited for milk chocolate and for the baking industry are described.
Performance-Based Functional Assessment in Older Hospitalized Patients: Feasibility and Clinical Correlates (2008)

In older acute care inpatients, SPPB is a valid indicator of functional and clinical status. SPPB score at hospital admission is an independent predictor of the length of hospital stay.
Rectified motion induced by ac forces in periodic structures (1994)

A particle in a periodic potential can be set into macroscopic motion by an ac force of zero mean value if the potential is asymmetric in space or the ac force is asymmetric in time. We analyze features of the resulting complex behaviour at zero and low temperatures within the framework of a simple sawtooth potential. This allows us to suggest experiments promoting separation methods and analysis of motor protein assemblies.
Does prolonged high-impact activity contribute to later urinary incontinence? A retrospective cohort study of female olympians (1997)

To determine whether women engaged in strenuous, provocative exercise are more likely to be incontinent in future life than similarly fit women who participated in less provocative exercise.In this retrospective cohort study, female American Olympians who competed in swimming (low-impact group) and in gymnastics and track and field (high-impact group) between 1960 and 1976 completed a structured questionnaire. Primary outcome measures included the prevalence of the symptoms of stress and urge incontinence. Statistical analyses of results included chi2, Fisher exact test, two-tailed t tests, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and stepwise multiple logistic regression. P < .05 was considered significant.One hundred four women responded (response rate 51.2%). High-impact athletes were older (46.2 compared with 42.4 years) and were more likely to report incontinence when they were doing their sport as Olympians (35.8% compared with 4.5%) than low-impact athletes; low-impact athletes were more likely to be parous (83.3% compared with 60.7%). There was no difference in the prevalence of the symptom of stress incontinence between the high- versus low-impact groups: any incontinence, 41.1% compared with 50%; daily or weekly incontinence, 10.7% compared with 8.3%; and incontinence that bothered them moderately or greatly, 10.7% compared with 4.2%. With our sample size, this study had 80% power to detect a fourfold difference in daily or weekly incontinence between groups, but only a 30% power to detect a twofold difference, given a baseline prevalence of 10%. When age, body mass index (BMI), parity, Olympic sport group, and incontinence during Olympic sport were entered into stepwise logistic regression analyses, only BMI was significantly associated with regular stress or urge incontinence symptoms.Participation in regular, strenuous, high-impact activity when younger did not predispose women to a markedly higher rate of clinically significant urinary incontinence in later life.
Mechanomyography versus Electromyography, in monitoring the muscular fatigue (2003)

The study presents another quantitative comparison (MF, RMS) of MMG and SEMG, showing that MMG signal can be used for indication of the degree of muscle activation and for monitoring the muscle fatigue when the application of SEMG is not feasible (chronical implants, adverse environments contaminated by electrical noise).
Extractive Permeation of Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) Chloride Complexes through Anion-Exchange Membrane (1990)

Abstract Extractive permeation is demonstrated in the permeation of Zn(II) and Cd(II) chloride complexes through an anion-exchange membrane. A selective permeation between Cd(II) and Zn(II) was observed. This selectivity well corresponded to the sorption selectivity with an anion-exchange resin. Under the large concentration gradient of chloride ions across a membrane, Cd(II) chloride complex was selectively enriched in the receiving solution. The concentration ratios between the source and the receiving solution after 40 h reached 5.8 for Cd(II) and 1.2 for Zn(II) when chloride ions of 0.5 mol dm−3 were added to the source solution.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism in Soybean Germplasm of the Southern USA (1993)

A soybean restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) map (ISU/USDA‐ARS‐FCR, Ames, IA) was derived from an interspecific cross of Glycine max (L.) Merr. × G. soja Siebold & Zucc. using early maturity group genotypes. We characterized the feasibility of the application of this map to physiologically distant soybean genotypes mainly maturity group (MG) V to IX. A total of 108 genotypes of G. max were surveyed. Germplasm represented ancestral genotypes, breeding lines and elite cultivars. The RFLP markers (83 probes) used in this research spanned fifteen major linkage groups at an average distance of 26 centimorgans (cM). Fifty‐four percent of the probes were non informative. Thirty‐five percent had a probability of detecting polymorphism between any two random genotypes with a frequency above 0.3. The RFLP probes detecting polymorphism with high frequency were identified. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was associated with cultivar pedigree and relation to ancestral genotypes. The majority of genotypes showed molecular similarities to ‘Ralsoy’, ‘Dorman’, ‘Dunfield’, and ‘Ogden’ germplasms; a smaller group of genotypes showed molecular similarities to S‐100. Genotypic similarities were observed among most genotypes. However, genotypes of MG VI and VII retained potentially valuable levels of genetic diversity. Soybean cyst nematode and bacterial pustule resistance were present in many different genetic backgrounds and no association with donor genotypes was observed in principal components analysis. The set of identified RFLP probes with high frequency of polymorphism detection should serve as a core of molecular markers for initiating mapping of agronomic traits and detection of gene linkages across a wide range of maturity groups of cultivated soybean. Genomic diversity described by the principal components analysis may be useful in germplasm selection to develop populations for genome mapping in soybean.
Bandpass Crystal Filters by Transformation of a Low-Pass Ladder (1968)

This correspondence describes a method by which cascade lattice crystal filters having symmetrical bandpass response may be designed by a simple transformation of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</tex> low-pass ladder filters. An example is given of the design of a fourth order Cauer parameter filter from tabulated values.
Market Analysis for Risk Management and Regulation: An Artificial Intelligence Approach (1995)

The key points in this chapter are: 1. Purely statistical market analysis techniques for determining risk are incomplete because, in the real world, risk is effected by non-statistical phenomena such as news. Quantitative models can ignore such &quot;shocks,&quot; but analysts still need to explain their models in the face of such shocks. 2. Risk must include the effects of all relationships. This is only partially accounted by models using correlation statistics. 3. Market analysis techniques used for risk management have much in common with the techniques used in market surveillance for regulation. In this paper, we provide a framework that can be applied either to risk management for trading or to the regulation of markets. Our framework lets analysts define patterns of market behavior and detect new or hidden relationships between subjects in order to evaluate risk and discover information flows. Introduction From the information technology perspective, Wall Street represents a complex and ...
Chikungunya virus–induced autophagy delays caspase-dependent cell death (2012)

Autophagy is an important survival pathway and can participate in the host response to infection. Studying Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), the causative agent of a major epidemic in India, Southeast Asia, and southern Europe, we reveal a novel mechanism by which autophagy limits cell death and mortality after infection. We use biochemical studies and single cell multispectral assays to demonstrate that direct infection triggers both apoptosis and autophagy. CHIKV-induced autophagy is mediated by the independent induction of endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress pathways. These cellular responses delay apoptotic cell death by inducing the IRE1α-XBP-1 pathway in conjunction with ROS-mediated mTOR inhibition. Silencing of autophagy genes resulted in enhanced intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, favoring viral propagation in cultured cells. Providing in vivo evidence for the relevance of our findings, Atg16L(HM) mice, which display reduced levels of autophagy, exhibited increased lethality and showed a higher sensitivity to CHIKV-induced apoptosis. Based on kinetic studies and the observation that features of apoptosis and autophagy were mutually exclusive, we conclude that autophagy inhibits caspase-dependent cell death but is ultimately overwhelmed by viral replication. Our study suggests that inducers of autophagy may limit the pathogenesis of acute Chikungunya disease.
Photonics-based Spectral Reflectance Sensor for Plant Discrimination (2007)

A photonics-based spectral reflectance sensor for plant discrimination integrating a three-wavelength laser module, an optical cavity that generates 14 parallel laser spots for each laser, and a high speed line scan image sensor is demonstrated.
An Integrated Cattle Health Monitoring System (2006)

Clinical techniques for monitoring live stock health are insufficient, as they provide only sporadic information and require too much resource investment in terms of time and veterinary expertise. A sophisticated system capable of continuously assessing the health of individual animals, aggregating these data, and reporting the results to owners and regional authorities could provide tremendous benefit to the livestock industry. Such a system would not only improve individual animal health, but it would help to identify and pre vent widespread disease, whether it originated from natural causes or from biological attacks. This paper presents results from a prototype telemonitoring system that utilizes wearable technology to provide continuous animal health data. The infrastructure, hardware, software, and representative physiological measurements are presented.