gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN NORMAL AND TRIAZINE-RESISTANT <i>Brassica</i> (1987)

In spaced field plantings, triazine-resistant types of Brassica campestris L. and B. napus L. had a carbon dioxide exchange rate (CER) 28% lower in 1983 and 25% lower in 1984 than normal (triazine-susceptible) types. In plots simulating agronomic spacings in 1984, the difference between CER in normal and resistant types was 17% for B. campestris, 14% for B. napus and 13% for B. juncea L. Differences were apparent throughout the season and were not associated with any particular stage of growth. Resistant progeny from reciprocal crosses between resistant and susceptible plants of B. napus exhibited reduced CER at all levels of photosynthetically active radiation and at all temperatures. There was no significant difference between plant types for chlorophyll a + b content or chlorophyll a/b ratio. Shoot dry weight, stomatal resistance and specific leaf weight were higher in the normal types, but there was no difference between types in either relative growth rate or net assimilation rate. The reduced biomass was not therefore linked to reduced CER.Key words: Carbon dioxide exchange rate, herbicide, oilseed, rapeseed
Activation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome: high expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM.1) in biopsy specimens and cultured cells (2001)

SUMMARY ICAM.1 (CD54) is a surface protein expressed on epithelial and other nonhematopoietic cells upon activation and is known to play an important role in the stimulation of T cells by the provision of cellular adhesion and costimulatory support. Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune exocrinopathy, which is characterized by chronic lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands and aberrant activation of epithelial tissues. To address the contribution of ICAM.1 in the pathogenesis of SS, the expression of this protein was studied by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry in minor salivary gland (SG) biopsies as well as in cultured SG epithelial cell (SGEC) lines obtained from 18 SS patients and 16 controls. In biopsies from SS patients (but not controls), strong ICAM.1 was expressed by infiltrating mononuclear cells (52%) and by a significant proportion of periacinar myoepithelial cells (18%). In addition, a patchy pattern of moderate ICAM.1 expression was detected in 31% of ductal epithelia of SS patients. These ICAM.1-expressing epithelial and myoepithelial cells were observed throughout glandular tissues and were not confined in areas proximal to lymphoid infiltrates. In support to an intrinsic activation profile of SGEC in SS, long-term cultured non-neoplastic SGEC lines derived from SS patients displayed significantly upregulated spontaneous expression of ICAM.1, compared to controls (P &lt; 0.05). The high expression of ICAM.1 protein by the salivary epithelium of SS patients is likely suggestive of its important role in the pathogenesis of the disorder. Further, our results support a model of intrinsic activation of salivary epithelial and myoepithelial cells in SS, whereby these cells actively participate in the induction and maintenance of lymphocytic infiltrates of patients.
Aza-Glycine Induces Collagen Hyperstability (2015)

Hydrogen bonding is fundamental to life on our planet, and nature utilizes H-bonding in nearly all biomolecular interactions. Often, H-bonding is already maximized in natural biopolymer systems such as nucleic acids, where Watson-Crick H-bonds are fully paired in double-helical structures. Synthetic chemistry allows molecular editing of biopolymers beyond nature's capability. Here we demonstrate that substitution of glycine (Gly) with aza-glycine in collagen may increase the number of interfacial cross-strand H-bonds, leading to hyperstability in the triple-helical form. Gly is the only amino acid that has remained intolerant to substitution in collagen. Our results highlight the vital importance of maximizing H-bonding in higher order biopolymer systems using minimally perturbing alternatives to nature's building blocks.
2‐Naphthalenesulphonyl <scp>l</scp>‐aspartyl‐(2‐phenethyl)amide (2‐NAP)‐a selective cholecystokinin CCK<sub>A</sub>‐receptor antagonist (1993)

1. The in vitro pharmacological characterization of the sodium salt of 2-naphthalenesulphonyl 1-aspartyl-(2-phenethyl)amide [2-NAP], a hydrophilic compound derived from the C-terminal aspartate-phenylalanine dipeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK), is described. 2. 2-NAP behaved as a competitive antagonist of sulphated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) at CCKA-receptors in both intact tissue bioassays (guinea-pig gall bladder, pancreas and ileum, human and rabbit gall bladder) and a radioligand displacement assay (guinea-pig pancreatic cells). The mean pKB, over assays, was 6.5. 3. Compared to the other assays, the rabbit gall bladder assay gave a significantly higher pKB estimate [7.0] for 2-NAP and a significantly lower estimate [8.9] for devazepide (formerly L-364,718 and MK-329), a well-characterized CCKA-receptor antagonist; these anomalous results suggest that a different class of CCKA-receptors may be involved. 4. 2-NAP, was found to be highly selective, having at least 300 fold greater affinity for CCKA-receptors than for 50 other pharmacological loci, including gastrin/CCKB, as estimated by bioassay or radioligand displacement.
CCR6 regulates CD4+ T-cell–mediated acute graft-versus-host disease responses (2005)

We studied the role of chemokine receptor CCR6 in acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a pathology in which activated, host antigen-specific donor T cells selectively damage tissues such as skin, liver, and gut. GvHD incidence was reduced in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-mismatched recipients of CD4+ T cells from CCR6-deficient donors. In MHC-matched/minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched recipients of CD4+CD45RB(high) T cells from CCR6-deficient donors, infiltration of CD45+ and CD4+ cells to skin and gut, as well as lesion onset, were significantly delayed, and pathologic symptoms were milder. Consistent with this, in skin and gut of recipients of naive T cells from CCR6-deficient donors we observed lower levels of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and the chemokines that control activated T-cell homing. We suggest a role for CCR6 in recruiting alloreactive CD4+ T cells to target tissues and identify CCR6 as a potential therapeutic target for GvHD.
System for testing wattmeters under nonsinusoidal conditions (1987)

Electrical and electronic power meters, due to nonlinear principles of operation, can exhibit, under nonsinusoidal conditions, errors that are not predictable from their frequency characteristic. A minicomputer-based calibration system to produce such test conditions is described. It relies on a two-phase digital arbitrary waveform generator as a waveform source and on a sampling rms/power meter as a monitoring instrument. At 120-V 5-A sinusoidal operation the “phantom” power can be reproduced with accuracy ±100 ppm at 50 or 60 Hz and ±200 ppm for frequencies up to 1 kHz.
A Mule Cloned from Fetal Cells by Nuclear Transfer (2003)

Nuclear transfer was used to produce a cloned mule, a sterile hybrid equine species. Mules result from breeding a male donkey (Equus asinus, 62 chromosomes) with a female horse (Equus caballus, 64 chromosomes), producing an animal with 63 chromosomes. Equine cloning has been hampered by a lack of optimal in vitro oocyte maturation and embryo culture systems (1), and previous reports of nuclear transfer pregnancies have been less than 65 days of development in utero (2).
Effects of Sterilizing Gamma Irradiation on Bloodspot Newborn Screening Tests and Whole Blood Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus Measurements (2003)

Sterilizing irradiation of the US mail has been proposed as a method to prevent delivery of viable anthrax spores. Because newborn screening samples (bloodspots) and cyclosporine and tacrolimus specimens (whole blood) are delivered routinely through the mail, we studied whether sterilizing gamma irradiation could affect these test results. Specimens were exposed to 18 kGy gamma irradiation (100 hours x 18,000 rad/h), a "kill dose" for Bacillus pumilus spore strips. Irradiation had no significant effect on whole blood cyclosporine or tacrolimus results, but it had a degradative effect on bloodspot phenylalanine, hemoglobins, biotinidase, galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase, thyroxine, and thyrotropin. Such irradiation potentially could cause false-negative results for the detection of phenylketonuria and likely would lead to an increase in secondary testing for hemoglobin variants, but it is unlikely to lead to false-negative or false-positive results for the remaining newborn screening tests. These experiments cannot rule out possible greater effects by larger doses or other types of irradiation.
Virtual beacons for RTI/IVHS data distribution (2002)

The future integrated RTI/IVHS environment will require integrated communications. However, there is no single communication system, that can provide all necessary communication to the RTI/IVHS environment. This paper gives a perspective on proposed communication solutions and introduces a novel access method to extend systems based on short range communication (SRC). Virtual beacons use cellular communications for access of data structured as in SRC-systems. An in-vehicle table of virtual beacon locations trigger data collection at pre-defined sites (corresponding to data exchange in real SRC-systems at beacon sites). The concept of virtual beacons is explained and the implementation with cellular or broadcasting data services is described. A performance analysis for the GSM-system is presented, as well as guidelines for dual-mode operation with SRC and new possibilities for beacon site planning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Medical Exploration Toolkit: An Efficient Support for Visual Computing in Surgical Planning and Training (2009)

Application development is often guided by the usage of software libraries and toolkits. For medical applications, the toolkits currently available focus on image analysis and volume rendering. Advance interactive visualizations and user interface issues are not adequately supported. Hence, we present a toolkit for application development in the field of medical intervention planning, training, and presentation--the MEDICALEXPLORATIONTOOLKIT (METK). The METK is based on the rapid prototyping platform MeVisLab and offers a large variety of facilities for an easy and efficient application development process. We present dedicated techniques for advanced medical visualizations, exploration, standardized documentation, adn interface widgets for common tasks. These include, e.g., advanced animation facilities, viewpoint selection, several illustrative rendering techniques, and new techniques for object selection in 3D surface models. No extended programming skills are needed for application building, since a graphical programming approach can be used. the toolkit is freely available and well documented to facilitate the use and extension of the toolkit.
Gas laser frequency control for passive cavity ring gyros (1988)

The frequency stability of a helium-neon laser can be significantly enhanced by locking the laser's frequency to a resonance of an optical cavity. This frequency stabilization is achieved by electronic feedback and sensor control of the laser's cavity length and discharge current. The frequency-locking technique described in this paper may be applied to passive resonant ring gyros and toward improving frequency standards and length measurements. When this technique was applied to a 169-cm/sup 2/ passive cavity, a random error of 0.0078 Earth rate units was obtained, with a 10 s averaging time. Although the performance of this instrument is about one order of magnitude above the shot noise limit, extrapolation of this performance to proposed large passive resonant-ring gyros indicates the desired sensitivity for precision-rate sensor testing, geophysical investigations, and relativity experiments is attainable.
Nanoarchitectonics for Transition‐Metal‐Sulfide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting (2019)

Heterogenous electrocatalysts based on transition metal sulfides (TMS) are being actively explored in renewable energy research because nanostructured forms support high intrinsic activities for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, it is described how researchers are working to improve the performance of TMS-based materials by manipulating their internal and external nanoarchitectures. A general introduction to the water-splitting reaction is initially provided to explain the most important parameters in accessing the catalytic performance of nanomaterials catalysts. Later, the general synthetic methods used to prepare TMS-based materials are explained in order to delve into the various strategies being used to achieve higher electrocatalytic performance in the HER. Complementary strategies can be used to increase the OER performance of TMS, resulting in bifunctional water-splitting electrocatalysts for both the HER and the OER. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of TMS materials in the context of water splitting are summarized. The aim herein is to provide insights gathered in the process of studying TMS, and describe valuable guidelines for engineering other kinds of nanomaterial catalysts for energy conversion and storage technologies.
Ratiometric Detection of Mitochondrial Thiol with a Two-Photon Active AIEgen (2019)

In clinical studies, thiol measurement in the whole blood is of diagnostic and prognostic significance. In addition, the detection of mitochondrial thiol is very important for investigating cellular functions or dysfunctions. Here, a ratiometric aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) called TPE-PBP for thiol detection was developed by introducing a <i>para</i>-dinitrophenoxy benzylpyridinium moiety to tetraphenylethylene. TPE-PBP exhibits excellent biocompatibility, high photostability, and large two-photon absorption cross-section. TPE-PBP emits red fluorescence in PBS buffer without thiol. Upon addition of thiol, there is a gradual blue shift of TPE-PBP's emission with ratiometric fluorescent response because of cleavage of the dinitrophenyl ether bond by thiol followed by the self-immolation of the <i>para</i>-hydroxybenzyl moiety to produce a less conjugated AIEgen. The <i>in vitro</i> quantification of thiol is enabled by the linear ratiometric fluorescence response with a very low limit of detection. Considering the high sensitivity and good selectivity toward thiol detection, TPE-PBP was also utilized to detect thiol in the blood. Furthermore, mitochondrial thiols <i>in vitro</i>, <i>ex vivo</i>, and <i>in vivo</i> were quantitatively mapped by TPE-PBP using fluorescence microscopy under one- and two-photon conditions.
A routing protocol and energy efficient techniques in Bluetooth scatternets (2003)

In this paper, we propose a protocol for routing in Bluetooth scatternets. The protocol uses the available battery power in the Bluetooth (BT) devices as a cost metric in choosing the routes. We evaluate the throughput performance as a function of packet arrival rate and number of piconets. A throughput of about 120 kbps/piconet is shown to be achieved in a 5-piconet scatternet. We propose two techniques, namely a) battery power level based master-slave switch and b) distance based power control, to increase the network lifetime in scatternets. The master-slave switch technique is motivated by the fact that a piconet master has to handle the packet transmissions to/from all its slaves, and hence may drain its battery soon. We propose a role switching idea where each BT device in a piconet may have to play the master role depending on its available battery power. In the second technique, we propose that the BT devices choose their transmit powers based on their distances from their respective masters. Our performance results show that a considerable gain in network lifetime can be achieved using these two power saving techniques.
Modal Logic, Temporal Models and Neural Circuits: What Connects Them (2007)

“Processes ” that temporally choreograph a large number of players appear pervasively in many situations, but pose particular challenges when one attempts to understand how these processes are orchestrated at an elemental level, namely, how may one learn what rules are used by the players to bring about this precise evolution of the process? What topologies are used by the network in codifying the rules of interaction? A particular example we study in this paper deals with the analysis of synthetic data simulating Microelectrode array(MEA) recordings. By computing statistically significant temporal patterns expressed in a propositional modal logic, we extract from it functional connectivity among neurons in an ensemble. For this purpose, we propose a novel algorithm founded upon many ideas from temporal logic, model inference and time-series data analysis, all aimed at the MEA inference problem. The approach, described here, has been validated by several examples in this domain with highly promising results. 1
Laser Micromachining of Glass, Silicon, and Ceramics (2015)

A brief review is focused on laser micromachining of materials. Micromachining of materials is highly widespread method used in many industries, including semiconductors, electronic, medical, and automotive industries, communication, and aerospace. This method is a promising tool for material processing with micron and submicron resolution. In this paper micromachining of glass, silicon, and ceramics is considered. Interaction of these materials with laser radiation and recent research held on laser material treatment is provided.
Binary and Ternary Mixtures of MFSA (M = Li, K, Cs) as New Inorganic Ionic Liquids (2009)

Thermal properties of alkali bis(fluorosulfonyl)amides, MFSA (M = Li, K, Cs), have been investigated. Binary phase diagrams of LiFSA-KFSA, LiFSA-CsFSA and KFSA-CsFSA systems have been constructed. The eutectic point for the binary systems are 338 K at (<i>x</i> Li , <i>x</i> K ) = (0.45, 0.55), 331 K at (<i>x</i> Li , <i>x</i> Cs ) = (0.40, 0.60) and 333 K at (<i>x</i> K , <i>x</i> Cs ) = (0.60, 0.40). The eutectic point for the ternary LiFSA-KFSA-CsFSA system is 309 K at a nearly equimolar composition. The electrochemical window of the LiFSA-KFSA at 348 K and LiFSA-KFSA-CsFSA at 325 K are as wide as 6.0 V with the cathode limit being lithium metal deposition. These new inorganic ionic liquids are highly promising for various electrochemical applications.
Transdifferentiation of Adult Frog Iris in Retina or Lens by Exogeneous Influences (1981)

The mechanisms of transdifferentiation of iris epithelial cells of Rana temporaria (Anura) in culture depending on influences from different sources were studied. In terminally differentiated iris cells, the process of transdifferentiation is initiated by dedifferentiation. Melanosomes are shed from iris cells due to cell surface activity. After depigmentation, iris epithelial cells become capable of proliferating and competent to react to the influences of various exogenous factors. Under the influence of retinal factors secreted by lentectomized tadpole eyes, both dorsal and ventral irises are converted to neural retina. Under the influence of factors from eye vesicles, the irises are converted to neural retina as well. Similar results were obtained in transfilter experiments, in which a 3-day period of transfilter interaction between the irises and eye vesicles ensured depigmentation of the iris followed by transdifferentiation into complete NR with visual receptor. Lentoid formation occurred under the influence of adult frog lens epithelium. Immunofluorescent analysis confirmed the lens nature of the lentoids. In control experiments under the conditions of the tadpole eye orbit, in which programming influences were absent, iris epithelial cells remained unaffected. The problem of true cell-reprogramming to new differentiation in contrast to expression of inherent properties of the iris epithelial cells is discussed.
Paravertebral blockade (1995)

The failure rate and complications were studied prospectively in 367 paediatric and adult patients who had received a thoracic or lumbar paravertebral block. The overall failure rate was 10.1%; adults 10.7%; children 6.2%. The frequency of complications were: hypotension: 4.6%; vascular puncture: 3.8%; pleural puncture: 1.1%; pneumothorax: 0.5%. Since these results are similar to those found with alternative methods, e.g. epidural, intrapleural and intercostal blocks, paravertebral block can be recommended as an effective, safe technique for unilateral analgesia in both adults and children.
Modeling and simulation with Saber (2002)

The Saber simulator, a comprehensive simulator spanning analog and digital domains and capable or simulating systems described by a mixture of models at the primitive, functional, and behavioral levels is discussed. Saber uses the analog hardware description language MAST to completely divorce the modeling and simulation aspects of creating a practical simulation environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Combination of lidar and plume-velocity measurements for remote monitoring of industrial emissions</title> (1997)

We describe a new method for gas flux measurements using a combination of differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and wind videography. The wind speed was measured by an imaging method, which calculates the horizontal displacement of the plume with cross correlation techniques. High spatial and temporal resolution is achieved with histogram equalization and window filtering techniques. Simultaneous measurements of the distance, the direction of the plume and the integrated concentration were provided through the lidar measurements. Alternative methods to measure the wind speed at different heights have been used to validate precision and accuracy of the new method for different geometrical combinations. An example of SO<SUB>2</SUB> flux measurements from a paper pulp mill is presented.
Phase-to-amplitude data page conversion for holographic storage and optical encryption (2007)

A new phase-to-amplitude data page conversion method is proposed for efficient recovery of the data encoded in phase-modulated data pages used in holographic storage and optical encryption. The method is based on the interference between the data page and its copy shifted by an integral number of pixels. Key properties such as Fourier plane homogeneity, bit error rate, and positioning tolerances are investigated by computer modeling, and a comparison is provided with amplitude-modulated data page holographic storage with and without static phase masks. The feasibility and the basic properties of the proposed method are experimentally demonstrated. The results show that phase-modulated data pages can be used efficiently with reduced system complexity.
Int 11H Ausstattung feststellen (1989)

Liefert die Ausstattungsliste von ROM-BIOS.