gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FSTL1 promotes bone metastasis by causing immune dysfunction (2013)

In spite of significant advances in our understanding of the metastatic process, the relationship between the dissemination of primary neoplasms to the bones and antitumor immunity remains poorly understood. We have recently identified follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), a soluble protein secreted by snail family zinc finger 1 (SNAI1)-expressing cancer cells, as a key determinant of bone metastasis that operates by inducing a systemic state of immune dysfunction.
<title>Advanced Acousto-Optic Signal Processors</title> (1983)

The basic acousto-optic signal processing architectures (spectrum analyzer, space-inte-grating, time-integrating and triple product processor) systems and algorithms such as the chirp-Z transform are reviewed. We then describe new acousto-optic data processing systems and applications that utilize these basic architectures and new ones. These include a matched spatial filter acousto-optic processor, two new hybrid time and space-integrating systems, a triple product processor and four new matrix-vector iterative feedback systems.
African Philosophy vs. Philosophy of Africa: Continental Identities and Traveling Names for Self (1998)

In various times and places, peoples have wandered the world maintaining older names they hold as theirs. In a broad sense they are exiles, and collectively they form diasporas. At other times it is the names that wander, eventually finding, being found by, and even partly creating peoples. At still other times, both names and peoples, even place-names and divergent groups of people, separately travel, are set in motion, shift, meet, collide, jam, join, switch, separate, and recombine until some happenstance consolidation is seen as natural. Such is the case for Africa, as both name and place. This complex, non-internal naming process is neither unusual nor wrong—indeed, it is the rule for nearly all the world’s geographies and identities. But it can prove vexing. Thus, in the following pages, I will try to clarify Africa’s identity, that conjoining of a name, a place, and a people, by examining two Philosophies associated with it: the contested existing field of African Philosophy, and the as-yet unnamed discursive practice I call Philosophy of Africa. Though I will restrict myself to African(ist) questions, I believe that the principles developed here will be useful to a range of other world identities—those of, for example, “Asia,” “Native America,” “Latino/a,” “the Caribbean,” “Crimean Tatar,” and more—especially in the current postcolonial, transnational, and diasporic age.
Breast Displacement in Three Dimensions during the Walking and Running Gait Cycles (2009)

This study aimed to assess the trajectory of breast displacement in 3 dimensions during walking and running gait, as this may improve bra design and has yet to be reported. Fifteen D-cup participants had reflective markers attached to their nipples and trunk to monitor absolute and relative breast displacement during treadmill walking (5 kph) and running (10 kph). During the gait cycle, the breast followed a figure-of-eight pattern with four movement phases. Despite a time lag in resultant breast displacement compared with the trunk, similar values of breast displacement were identified across each of the four phases. Fifty-six percent of overall breast movement was vertical, suggesting that 3-D assessment and the elimination of trunk movement in 6 degrees of freedom are essential to accurately report breast displacement during the gait cycle.
Testing for food allergy: A statistical comparison of cytotoxic and intracutaneous tests (1978)

This study presents a comparison of in vitro cytotoxic food allergy test results with those of in vivo intracutaneous food allergy testing by both objective serial dilution titration and subjective provocation. During the study the cytotoxic test was utilized as a screening device for follow-up Lee intracutaneous testing, the latter providing statistics for both noted in vivo intracutaneous tests. The study is presented in two stages. The first stage documents almost 6000 comparison test results on 300 consecutive food-allergic otolarynogology patients. Thirty-four of the more frequently offending foods were utilized. Of the cytotoxic tests, 86% resulted in positive reactions. Of the positive cytotoxic reactors, 74% were intracutaneously re-checked. Only those negative cytotoxic reactors suspected of false negativity were so challenged, affording comparison statistics for a smaller 21% of the negative reactors. Poor correlation statistics for this select negative reacting group prompted a follow-up 30-patient study on 11 foods that appeared to possess a lesser potential for hypersensitivity production. The second stage emphasizes similar test comparisons on the negative cytotoxic reactors. The study concludes that no correlation exists between in vitro cytotoxic test determinations and those of in vivo intracutaneous testing by objective serial dilution titration or subjective provocation. Because most allergic individuals have multiple food allergies, clinical success utilizing the information obtained from any or all of these procedures may rely significantly on the tests' inherent tendency to identify multiple guilty foods for ultimate treatment.
Studies involving enzymic phosphorylation. 1. The hexokinase activity of rat tissues (1952)

adenine is at least of the same type as the enzymes (or enzyme) that oxidize the above-mentioned group of substrates. SUMMARY 1. The enzymic oxidation product of adenine by milk xanthine oxidase has been identified as 2:8- dihydroxyadenine.
<i>In Vivo</i> Expression of an Interferon-α Gene by Intramuscular Injection of Naked DNA (1997)

Acid-stable type I interferons belong to a multigene family. The biologic relevance of each subtype in vivo remains unknown. We have developed an experimental model in which muscles were transfected in situ with naked DNA plasmids encoding an IFN transgene to assess the roles of individual IFN subtypes in vivo. Murine IFN-alpha 9 gene was subcloned into several mammalian expression vectors. Adult C57BL/6 mice were injected bilaterally in regenerating tibialis anterior muscles with naked DNA 5 days after muscle injury to enhance DNA uptake and expression. In the muscles of mice given the IFN-alpha 9 plasmid constructs, acid-stable IFNs were detected by bioassay using reduction in cytopathic effect of encephalomyocarditis virus-infected L929 cells. In these same muscles, IFN-alpha 9 transcripts were identified by RT-PCR, indicating that transcription had occurred. Acid-stable IFNs were detected from days 7 to 28 post-DNA inoculation. Furthermore, these proteins were found in the sera of DNA-inoculated mice. Control groups of mice given the blank expression vectors did not produce detectable IFNs in muscle or sera as determined by bioassay, nor were transcripts detected by RT-PCR. This approach now allows investigation of the effector function of individual subtypes in various murine disease models.
Mass Spectrometry Methods for Measuring Protein Stability (2022)

Mass spectrometry is a central technology in the life sciences, providing our most comprehensive account of the molecular inventory of the cell. In parallel with developments in mass spectrometry technologies targeting such assessments of cellular composition, mass spectrometry tools have emerged as versatile probes of biomolecular stability. In this review, we cover recent advancements in this branch of mass spectrometry that target proteins, a centrally important class of macromolecules that accounts for most biochemical functions and drug targets. Our efforts cover tools such as hydrogen-deuterium exchange, chemical cross-linking, ion mobility, collision induced unfolding, and other techniques capable of stability assessments on a proteomic scale. In addition, we focus on a range of application areas where mass spectrometry-driven protein stability measurements have made notable impacts, including studies of membrane proteins, heat shock proteins, amyloidogenic proteins, and biotherapeutics. We conclude by briefly discussing the future of this vibrant and fast-moving area of research.
Formation of ordered and disordered dielectric/metal nanowire arrays and their plasmonic behavior (2007)

We have recently shown that dielectric/metal composite nanowires can exhibit very strong surface enhanced Raman (SERS) signals, when arranged in a random 3D geometry. Since we believe that the intersections of nanowires are critical in generating the high electric fields necessary for this enhancement, we are investigating this effect under more controlled conditions. Thus, we will discuss the formation of nanowire arrays by in-situ growth, achieved by the control of nanowire material/substrate combination, as well as ex-situ nanowire array formation involving e-beam lithography. The effects of nanowire geometry and the resulting SERS behavior show the importance of the dielectric/metal configuration, as well as the importance of nanowire geometry in the SERS effect.
The development and deployment of IVHS in North America (2002)

The IVHS program in the United States has made remarkable progress. By the end of the century, there will be extensive experience in the operation of advanced traffic control centers. Some classes of accidents are expected to be nearly eliminated through IVHS. Hundreds of thousands of motor vehicles will be equipped with navigation systems and be in communication with advanced traffic management centers. IVHS is expected to make significant contributions to mobility and safety. International cooperation and coordination regarding IVHS will be much farther along as the result of the World Congress program and the increasing global view reflected in the outlook of every country.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly efficient orange electrophosphorescence from a trifunctional organoboron–Pt(<scp>ii</scp>) complex (2010)

High efficiency orange OLEDs have been achieved using a trifunctional Pt(II) complex that contains an electron-transporting triarylborane and a hole-transporting triarylamine.
Measurement of positron reemission from thin single-crystal W(100) films (1985)

Epitaxial thin single-crystal (100) tungsten films 1000, 2500, and 5000 A\r{} thick have been fabricated by high-vacuum electron-beam evaporation. These films were subsequently used as thin-film moderators for the study of the positron-transmission-reemission process with a variable-energy (0--80 keV) monoenergetic positron beam in an ultrahigh-vacuum system. The films were shown to be routinely cleanable by heating first in oxygen (${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ Torr) and then in vacuum (${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}9}$ Torr). Transmission and back reemission of slow positrons from these surfaces was observed. The positron work function, ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{+}$ has been determined to be \ensuremath{\simeq}3.0 eV (\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 eV). The transmission slow positrons were emitted in a narrow cone with a full width at half maximum of \ensuremath{\simeq}30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} consistent with the angular distribution of back-reemission positrons. The reemitted yields as a function of incident positron energy were found to be very different between forward reemission and back reemission. The maximum forward-reemission yields were 18% for 1000-A\r{}-thick W film and 12% for 2500-A\r{}-thick W film at 5 and 10 keV optimum incident positron energies, respectively. These results show that one can use thin single-crystal tungsten films as positron moderators or remoderators.
Layer on layer: the Bruce F. Cain memorial Award lecture. (1985)

out of Fiske's laboratory where ATP was discovered some 10 to 12 years earlier. In 1942, there was a convergence of both factual and conceptual information that seemed to suggest that the time was right to begin to investigate nucleic acid biosyn thesis. The competitive antagonism between sulfanilamide and PAB was the first area of interest. Next, the secondary reversal of sulfanilamides by a purine plus thymine pointed to an associ ation between these substances and the active metabolite that PAB represented. Then there was an unknown vitamin with many aliases, the substance we call folie acid today; the variant we chose to work with was the Lactobacillus case/ factor, but there were others we could have chosen. There were microor ganisms that showed quite clearly that folie acid was connected with the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines because orga nisms like L case/ either would grow on thymine plus purine or would grow on L case/ factor. Thus, we used L. case/ as a black box of enzymes and metabolic pathways concerned with the biosynthesis of nucleic acids. I enlisted the help of Elvira Falco who was then in our Bacteriology Department, and to gether we worked out a screening test using L. case/ as the biological object. In the beginning, we proposed to make variants of the heterocyclic bases of the nucleic acids, mostly variants of the functional groups, to see whether these, as probes, could reveal anything about nucleic acid biosynthesis.
Antiprogesterone activity of RU 486 and its contragestive and other applications (1986)

RU 486 is the first antiprogesterone to be used clinically. It inhibits the action of the hormone at the receptor level in target tissues. Its action is particularly significant in the endometrium where it prevents the initiation and progression of pregnancy in the first weeks (contragestive effect). The data indicate that the compound can be used for: voluntary interruption of pregnancy between 6 and 10 weeks; induction of menstruation during the fifth week of amenorrhoea, and post-coital contraception. Current trials include its use as a once-a-month menses inducer. It can also be utilized for therapeutic interruption at a late stage of pregnancy, and tried as adjuvant treatment in some cases of breast cancer. The data on RU 486 have been obtained through studies in physio-pharmacological endocrinology and biochemistry. The development of this antihormone represents a concerted research link between biology and medicine.
Permeability measurement and flow simulation through fiber reinforcement (1996)

Abstract Continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites can be produced by the injection of a reactive fluid into a mold with preplaced reinforcement. Mold filling modeling softwares such as our RTMFLOT software are being developed to help design and production engineers meet their requirements for part production. The utilization of accurate permeability values is an absolute necessity for relevant mold filling simulation. This paper presents permeability results for several reinforcements. Experimental techniques being used to measure the permeability are also discussed. Several points are highlighted and suggestions are made to help the investigator in the search for reliable permeability data.
Processing techniques for photostructurable glasses (2003)

Photostructurable glasses have been known for a long time. Through miniaturization they can be used as micromechanical components, e.g. sensors, grippers, additional components for analytical Instruments, microactuators, fluid and optical components, and numerous other applications. At the Technical University of Ilmenau (Department of Glass and Ceramic Technology) various photostructurable glasses have been developed in the last decade. Additionally, many process-technical investigations were carried out. As a result of these investigations specific parameters were determined creating a basis for the conception of a modular system for the fully automated production of micromechanical glass components. The modular system consists of three modules for the main steps of the process: exposure module, curing module and etching module. Additionally there is a cleaning process integrated in a separate part of the exposure module. The application of the glass wafers is realized by an input magazine, the processed wafers are placed in an output magazine. The system is calculated for small and medium-sized companies and the processing of 10 000 wafers per year.
Mechanisms of Venous Leakage: A Prospective Clinicopathological Correlation of Corporeal Function and Structure (1996)

The pathophysiology of structurally based corporeal veno-occlusive dysfunction is related to elevated corporeal connective tissue content. Based on our data and those in the literature corporeal fibrosis is hypothesized to develop secondary to abnormalities in the regulation of normal collagen synthesis and degradation, most likely associated with adverse influences of chronic ischemia.
Lignin Impact on Fibre Degradation: 1—Quinone Methide Intermediates Formedfrom Lignin During <i>In Vitro</i> Fermentation ofCorn Stover* (1996)

Experiments were conducted to determine whether formation of quinone methide intermediates from lignin occurs during ruminal fermentation of corn stover, as indicated by nucleophilic addition reaction with sulphur-containing reducing agents. Corn stover leaf and stem fractions harvested at full maturity were incubated in buffered ruminal fluid without reducing agents or with (NH4)2SO4 (S-control), Na2S.9H2O, cysteine-HCl (cysHCl), or cysHCl plus Na2S.9H2O; and in only buffer with or without cysHCl plus Na2S.9H2O. Mixed reducing agents (cysHCl plus Na2S.9H2O) enhanced (P<0.001)in vitrofibre degradation after 48 h, tended to increase solubilisation of fibre (P=0.07) and dry matter (P=0.06) in buffer alone, and elevated (P<0.001) S-content of residual fibre.In vitroincorporation of S into the undegraded fibre was determined for corn stover fractions of varying lignin compositions that were harvested at two maturities (early dent and full maturity) in 2 years. Extent of fibre degradation was correlated with extent of S-incorporation (r=-0.54,P<0.001), and with lignin methoxyl content (r=-0.84,P<0.001). The negative association of lignin methoxyl content with digestibility is explained by the relative likelihood of quinone methide intermediate formation from guaiacyl and syringyl units in lignin.
Estimating Indigenous Resources for Fuel-wood and Poles and Plantation Requirements in the Tribal Trust Lands of Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1981)

SYNOPSIS The difficulties encountered in planning for the conservation of indigenous timber resources and in estimating the timber consumption in tribal trust land are outlined in this paper. An estimate of these resources and of the consumption of timber, together with an estimate of exotic plantations required to make up any shortfall of timber, is given. Some 66 000 ha of eucalypts are currently required in the tribal trust lands, where planting has thus far provided only 3 800 ha. The types of plantations established and the species used are mentioned. The rural population has, generally speaking, shown only limited enthusiasm for growing exotics, one of the reasons being the traditional use of indigenous timber which is still available in most areas without cost, and the preference for indigenous timber compared to eucalypts. The need for more reliable data for future planning is emphasised. Substitutes for fuel-wood are discussed and the need to reserve areas of indigenous timber in tribal trust land for the protection of soil and water and for fuel-wood are proposed.
Let's Do It!: Using geostrips for arithmetic (1975)

Making geometric shapes can be an enjoyable way to develop arithmetic concepts. In the activities that follow children are involved in making shapes with homemade geostrips and using the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Basic concepts like binary operation, commutativity, associativity , and distributivity are introduced intuitively as the children make the various shapes and answer questions about them.
TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENT IN COPPER ELECTROMETALLURGY: OPTIBAR SEGMENTED INTERCELL BARS (PATENT PENDING) (2005)

This paper summarizes the development of the segmented intercell bars technology for copper electrometallurgy, applicable on both electrorefining (ER) and electrowinning (EW). It starts with how it works and ends with the results of a full scale industrial test. This technological improvement inhibits short circuit formation and improves current efficiency and production levels. These results are accomplished by reducing the current density dispersion. In fact, the cathodes of a plant designed to operate with a nominal 300 A/m2 usually present current densities in a range between 200 and 400 A/m2 (±33% deviations). This high dispersion limits the aim of EW and ER plants for production level increase, quality improvement and cost reduction. Industrial tests performed in a copper ER plant proved that the segmented intercell bar technology halves dispersion and inhibits short circuit formation. Finally, an estimation of economical impact is presented.Cet article résume le développement de la technologie de barres intercellulaires segmentées de l'électrométallurgie du cuivre, qui s'applique tant à l'électroraffinage (ER) qu'à l'extraction par voie électrolytique (EW). On commence par expliquer comment cela fonctionne et l'on termine avec les résultats d'un essai industriel à pleine échelle. Cette amélioration technologique inhibe la formation de court circuit et améliore le rendement du courant et les niveaux de production. On accomplit ces résultats en réduisant la dispersion de densité de courant. En fait, les cathodes d'une usine conçues pour fonctionner avec 300 A/m2 nominal présentent habituellement des densités de courant dans la gamme de 200 à 400 A/m2 (déviations de ±?33%). Cette dispersion élevée limite l'objectif des usines de EW et ER d'augmentation du niveau de production, d'amélioration de la qualité et de réduction des coûts. Les essais industriels effectués dans une usine de ER de cuivre ont prouvé que la technologie de barre intercellulaire segmentée diminuait de moitié la dispersion et empêchait la formation de court circuit. Finalement, on estime l'impact économique.
The framework: an approach to support business rule based data analysis (2006)

Business systems are functioning according to business rules in specific business domain. Due to dynamics of its nature, business environment is changing frequently according to internal and external influences such as changes in law, new competition etc. Business requires immediate and adequate reaction to the changes and immediate data analysis for decision support. Through available traditional design methods have business rules incorporated directly into the system requirements and software code later on and made inaccessible. The relation of business rules to the implemented functionality in the software is lost too. That makes very difficult immediate modification of complex systems and rarely is limited by adding new functionality on the top of existing system making new system more complex. In this paper we discuss a possibility to take business rules out of the software system code and propose a method based on framework to transform them dynamically into final software system artifacts or system requirements at the same time tracking relations between them, through the entire business rule based information system design process.