gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Co-expression of collagens II and XI and alternative splicing of exon 2 of collagen II in several developing human tissues (1993)

Northern analyses, RNAase protection assays and in situ hybridizations were used to study the expression of the mRNA for the alpha 2 chain of collagen XI and the two different mRNAs generated from the collagen II gene through alternative splicing of exon 2 in several different tissues of 15-19-week-old fetuses. The highest expression levels of procollagen alpha 2(XI) and alpha 1(II) mRNAs were detected in cartilage, but, using long exposure times, Northern hybridization revealed the presence of the approximately 5.3 kb procollagen alpha 1(II) mRNA in most tissues analysed: calvarial and diaphyseal bone, striated and cardiac muscle, skin, brain, lung, kidney, liver, small intestine and colon. Both alternatively spliced forms of the mRNA were present in these tissues. In cartilage, the short form of the procollagen alpha 1(II) mRNA (without exon 2 sequences) was clearly more abundant, whereas in most of the non-cartilaginous tissues the long form was the predominant one. Low levels of procollagen alpha 2(XI) mRNA were also seen in non-cartilaginous tissues: calvarial and diaphyseal bone, kidney, skin, muscle, intestine, liver, brain, and lung. In all the other positive tissues except brain cortex, both collagen II and XI transcripts were observed. The localization of collagen II and XI signals was identical in cartilage, kidney and skin. However, in cartilage the signal with collagen II probe was much higher than that with the collagen alpha 2(XI) probe. In epidermis the situation was reversed. Our results show considerable co-expression and co-localization of procollagen alpha 1(II) and alpha 2(XI) mRNAs in many tissues of developing human fetuses. Since the collagen alpha 1(II) gene also codes for the alpha 3(XI) chain of collagen XI we propose that some, but not all, of the expression of the collagen II gene in non-cartilaginous tissues relates to collagen XI production.
CANDIDE: a learning system for process control (1989)

The aim of this paper is to present an application of artificial intelligence techniques to control. Their use at a high level, as supervisor tools is shortly described and we focuse the attention onto their use at low level, inside the control loops. We describe our approach using artificial intelligence machine learning to acquire knowledge concerning the controlled system, to modelise it and finally to control it. As an example, CANDIDE learns to drive a car. We explain all the learning steps and shows the obtained results.
Morphometric analysis of the small intestinal epithelium in the indomethacin-treated mouse. (1996)

To obtain a clearer understanding of the changes which are induced in the small intestine of the mouse by an ulcerogenic dose of indomethacin, a quantitative analysis of the nonulcerated small intestinal mucosa was performed in mice that were given 2 injections of indomethacin at a dose of 85 mg/kg body weight. At 20 h after the administration of the drug, values were obtained for epithelial volume, whole crypt number, and for the number of profiles of columnar, Paneth, entero-endocrine and goblet cells and cryptal mitotic figures in the small intestine. Comparison of the values obtained from indomethacin-treated mice with those from control mice showed that there were fewer whole crypts and a reduced epithelial volume in the jejunum and ileum in indomethacin-treated mice. The numbers of columnar and Paneth cell profiles and of mitotic figures were significantly greater in the jejunal and ileal crypts in indomethacin-treated mice than in controls. These findings suggest that the administration of high-dose indomethacin in the mouse leads to crypt losses and increased mitotic activity in the nonulcerated parts of the small intestine.
Fe-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol Using Hydrogen Peroxide and Visible Light (2009)

A bioinspired iron-based catalyst with semiconductor photocatalytic functions in combination with a high surface area holds promise for synthetic chemistry via combining photocatalysis with organosynthesis. Here exemplified for phenol synthesis, Fe-g-C(3)N(4)/SBA-15 is able to oxidize benzene to phenol with H(2)O(2) even without the aid of strong acids or alkaline promoters. By taking advantage of both catalysis and photocatalysis functions of g-C(3)N(4) nanoparticles, the yield of the phenol can be markedly promoted.
Phylogenetic relationships within the order Halobacteriales inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequences (2006)

Phylogenetic relationships within the halophilic archaea were inferred from comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences from 61 strains, representing 18 genera with validly published names within the order Halobacteriales. Trees produced using distance-matrix (least-squares and neighbour-joining) methods affirm with strong bootstrap support that the members of the order Halobacteriales are a monophyletic group. Ten genera were supported as monophyletic groups [Haloarcula, Halobiforma, Halococcus, Haloferax, Halorubrum, Halosimplex (multiple sequences from a single strain), Natrialba, Natrinema, Natronococcus and Natronorubrum] and eight genera were represented by a single strain (Halobacterium, Halobaculum, Halogeometricum, Halomicrobium, Halorhabdus, Halosimplex, Natronobacterium and Natronomonas). The genus Haloterrigena was always paraphyletic, and the phylogenetic placement of and sister groups to Halobacterium and Natronomonas could not be resolved. Both treeing methods failed to resolve the deep branching patterns within the order Halobacteriales and the relationships between the major clades. Additional representation from the currently monospecific genera and/or the use of other macromolecules may be required to resolve the relationships within the order Halobacteriales.
Economic Reproduction (1989)

In the previous chapter, a single circuit of industrial capital was examined. For capital as a whole, there are a large number of different circuits, each moving at its own pace and each expanding at its own rate, and these circuits must be integrated with each other. Marx analyses these matters in Volume ii of Capital by dividing the economy into two broad sectors, Department I involved in the production of means of production (i.e. constant capital, c) and Department II concerned with the production of means of consumption (purchased by workers out of variable capital, v, and by capitalists out of surplus value, s).
Clostridium difficile colitis: factors influencing treatment failure and relapse—a prospective evaluation (1998)

Low serum albumin serves as a useful marker for patients who require prolonged treatment for C. difficile colitis. It is prudent to review the need for the continuation of systemic antibiotic treatment, as it adversely affects the treatment response and increases the risk of relapse.
Correction to "A low-profile wide-band (5:1) dual-pol array" (2004)

In the above named work [ibid., vol. 2, pp. 46–49, 2003], there was an error in Fig. 9. The computed element gain was incorrect except at the two end points. The straight line should be replaced by the dotted curve figure presented here. This correction does not affect the content and conclusions of the original paper.
Selective Symbolic Execution (2009)

Symbolic execution is a powerful technique for analyz-ing program behavior, finding bugs, and generating tests, but suffers from severely limited scalability: the largest pro-grams that can be symbolically executed today are on the order of thousands of lines of code. To ensure feasibil-ity of symbolic execution, even small programs must cur-tail their interactions with libraries, the operating system, and hardware devices. This paper introduces selective sym-bolic execution, a technique for creating the illusion of full-system symbolic execution, while symbolically running only the code that is of interest to the developer. We describe a prototype that can symbolically execute arbitrary portions of a full system, including applications, libraries, operating system, and device drivers. It seamlessly transitions back and forth between symbolic and concrete execution, while transparently converting system state from symbolic to con-crete and back. Our technique makes symbolic execution practical for large software that runs in real environments, without requiring explicit modeling of these environments. 1
Correspondence among the Correlation, RMSE, and Heidke Forecast Verification Measures; Refinement of the Heidke Score (1992)

The correspondence among the following three forecast verification scores, based on forecasts and their associated observations, is described: 1) the correlation score, 2) the root-mean-square error (RMSE) score, and 3) the Heidke score (based on categorical matches between forecasts and observations). These relationships are provided to facilitate comparisons among studies of forecast skill that use these differing measures. The Heidke score would be more informative, more “honest,” and easier to interpret at face value if the severity of categorical errors (i.e., one-class errors versus two-class errors, etc.) were included in the scoring formula. Without taking categorical error severity into account the meaning of Heidke scores depends heavily on the categorical definitions (particularly the number of categories), making intercomparison between Heidke and correlation (or RMSE) scores, or even among Heidke scores, quite difficult. When categorical error severity is taken into account in the Heidke score, its correspondence with other verification measures more closely approximates that of more sophisticated scoring systems such as the experimental LEPS score.
Isolated Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly: A Placebo‐Controlled, Dose‐Response Evaluation of Chlorthalidone (1986)

One hundred seventy-one patients, 60 years of age or older with isolated systolic hypertension, were randomly assigned to receive chlorthalidone 12.5, 25.0, or 50.0 mg or placebo once daily for 12 weeks. The majority of the patients receiving chlorthalidone 12.5 mg achieved therapeutic success with no clinically significant biochemical changes or side effects. The 50.0-mg dose level enhanced efficacy only minimally over the 25.0-mg dose level. Drug-related side effects were significantly more prevalent in the chlorthalidone 50.0-mg group than in the placebo group. The data suggest that most elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension, regardless of the severity, could be treated effectively and safely with chlorthalidone 12.5 mg per day.
Social Relationships and Intergroup Transfer of Young Adult Male Japanese Macaques Pre- and Post-Fission of the Katsuyama A Group (1999)

The social relationships of 10 young adult males in a free-ranging group of Japanese macaques at Katsuyama, Okayama Prefecture, were examined pre- and post-fission. Before group fission, higher-ranking young adult males interacted less frequently with not only their mothers, but also with other matrilineally-related females than did lower-ranking males. Six-year-old males clearly formed two subgroups according to their relative rank, even though they did not form any clear subgroups at the age of two.Higher-ranking males spent more time away from females of the group than did lower-ranking males. However, when it was time for artificial feeding, higher-ranking males obtained scattered food more frequently than lower-ranking males. After group fission, four of the five higher-ranking males and one of the five lower-ranking males remained in the main group, while three of the five lower-ranking males were in the fission group.These differences in the social relationships of young adult males might reflect the female subgroups which appeared prior to group fission.
Data augmentation using learned transformations for one-shot medical image segmentation (2019)

Image segmentation is an important task in many medical applications. Methods based on convolutional neural networks attain state-of-the-art accuracy; however, they typically rely on supervised training with large labeled datasets. Labeling medical images requires significant expertise and time, and typical hand-tuned approaches for data augmentation fail to capture the complex variations in such images. We present an automated data augmentation method for synthesizing labeled medical images. We demonstrate our method on the task of segmenting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans. Our method requires only a single segmented scan, and leverages other unlabeled scans in a semi-supervised approach. We learn a model of transformations from the images, and use the model along with the labeled example to synthesize additional labeled examples. Each transformation is comprised of a spatial deformation field and an intensity change, enabling the synthesis of complex effects such as variations in anatomy and image acquisition procedures. We show that training a supervised segmenter with these new examples provides significant improvements over state-of-the-art methods for one-shot biomedical image segmentation. Our code is available at https://github.com/xamyzhao/brainstorm.
Aerobic fitness in patients with fibrositis. A controlled study of respiratory gas exchange and <sup>133</sup>xenon clearance from exercising muscle (1989)

Aerobic fitness was evaluated in 25 women with fibrositis, by having them exercise to volitional exhaustion on an electronically braked cycle ergometer. Compared with published standards, greater than 80% of the fibrositis patients were not physically fit, as assessed by maximal oxygen uptake. Compared with matched sedentary controls, fibrositis patients accurately perceived their level of exertion in relation to oxygen consumption and attained a similar level of lactic acidosis, as assessed by their respiratory quotient and ventilatory threshold. Exercising muscle blood flow was estimated by 133xenon clearance in a subgroup of 16 fibrositis patients and compared with that in 16 matched sedentary controls; the fibrositis patients exhibited reduced 133xenon clearance. These results indicate a need to include aerobic fitness as a matched variable in future controlled studies of fibrositis and suggest that the "detraining phenomenon" may be of relevance to the etiopathogenesis of the disease.
Superiority in Rhesus Macaques of Targeting HIV-1 Env gp140 to CD40 versus LOX-1 in Combination with Replication-Competent NYVAC-KC for Induction of Env-Specific Antibody and T Cell Responses (2017)

We compared the HIV-1-specific immune responses generated by targeting HIV-1 envelope protein (Env gp140) to either CD40 or LOX-1, two endocytic receptors on dendritic cells (DCs), in rhesus macaques primed with a poxvirus vector (NYVAC-KC) expressing Env gp140. The DC-targeting vaccines, humanized recombinant monoclonal antibodies fused to Env gp140, were administered as a boost with poly-ICLC adjuvant either alone or coadministered with the NYVAC-KC vector. All the DC-targeting vaccine administrations with poly-ICLC increased the low-level serum anti-Env IgG responses elicited by NYVAC-KC priming significantly more (up to a <i>P</i> value of 0.01) than in a group without poly-ICLC. The responses were robust and cross-reactive and contained antibodies specific to multiple epitopes within gp140, including the C1, C2, V1, V2, and V3, C4, C5, and gp41 immunodominant regions. The DC-targeting vaccines also elicited modest serum Env-specific IgA responses. All groups gave serum neutralization activity limited to tier 1 viruses and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity responses (ADCC) after DC-targeting boosts. Furthermore, CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses specific to multiple Env epitopes were strongly boosted by the DC-targeting vaccines plus poly-ICLC. Together, these results indicate that prime-boost immunization via NYVAC-KC and either anti-CD40.Env gp140/poly-ICLC or anti-LOX-1.Env gp140/poly-ICLC induced balanced antibody and T cell responses against HIV-1 Env. Coadministration of NYVAC-KC with the DC-targeting vaccines increased T cell responses but had minimal effects on antibody responses except for suppressing serum IgA responses. Overall, targeting Env to CD40 gave more robust T cell and serum antibody responses with broader epitope representation and greater durability than with LOX-1.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> An effective vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infection does not yet exist. An approach to elicit strong protective antibody development is to direct virus protein antigens specifically to dendritic cells, which are now known to be the key cell type for controlling immunity. In this study, we have tested in nonhuman primates two prototype vaccines engineered to direct the HIV-1 coat protein Env to dendritic cells. These vaccines bind to either CD40 or LOX-1, two dendritic cell surface receptors with different functions and tissue distributions. We tested the vaccines described above in combination with attenuated virus vectors that express Env. Both vaccines, but especially that delivered via CD40, raised robust immunity against HIV-1 as measured by monitoring potentially protective antibody and T cell responses in the blood. The safety and efficacy of the CD40-targeted vaccine justify further development for future human clinical trials.
Spectroscopic investigation of autoionizing Rydberg states of palladium accessible after odd-mass-selective laser excitation (2016)

Abstract Excitation of palladium to autoionizing Rydberg states are investigated in order to realize efficient ionization after odd-mass-selective excitation. Wavelength resolution is sufficient to distinguish two autoionizing Rydberg series: 4d 9 ( 2 D 3/2 ) n p and 4d 9 ( 2 D 3/2 ) n p converging to Pd II 4d 9 ( 2 D 3/2 ) as is expected from transition selection rules. Of all observed transitions, the largest autoionization yield is found to be through the 4d 9 ( 2 D 3/2 )11p state at 69055.2 cm −1 . From fitting analysis of the observed members of the 4d 9 ( 2 D 3/2 ) n p series, we have obtained the energy of Pd II 4d 9 ( 2 D 3/2 ) to be 70780.38 ± 0.08 cm −1 .
Enhanced Proclivity to Self-Aggregation of Phosphorus-Based Amphiphiles when Perfluoroalkylated : The (Perfluoroalkyl)Alkyl Dimorpholinophosphates (1996)

International audience
[CHANGE IN BCL-2 PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN NEURONS OF THE HIPPOCAMPAL AREAS AFTER THE APPLICATION OF ISCHEMIC CEREBRAL POSTCONDITIONING]. (2015)

Bcl-2 protein expression was studied in hippocampal CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4 pyramidal neurons in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), of the in in the early (Day 2) and late (Day 7) reperfusion period after a 7-minute forebrain ischemia and following ischemic postconditioning (IPostC), as well as in sham-operated animals (n=60). In the latter, the highest level, of Bcl-2-expression was found in CA4 neurons, while the lowest--in-CA1 neurons (P<0.01). Reversible ischemic brain damage led to the increasing deficit of morphologically unchanged hippocampal neurons with the increasing duration of reperfusion period. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in expression of Bcl-2 in the early reperfusion period, but in the late reperfu- sion period this decrease largely disappeared. IPostC, applied as three episodes of ischemia-reperfusion lasting 15/15 seconds, contributed to significant increase in the number of morphologically unchanged CA1 and CA3 neurons in the early reperfusion period, while the expression of Bel-2 was increased in morphologically unchanged neurons in all the hippocampal areas. In the late reperfusion period after IPostC, the number of unchanged neurons was increased in hippocampal areas CA1, CA3 and CA4 (P<0.05), while a significant increase in Bcl-2 expression (by 12.7%, P<0.01) was detected only in CA1 neurons. The results suggest that the cytoprotective effect of IPostC in hippocampal CA1 area is realized through a mechanism leading to increased expression of Bcl-2 protein, i.e., by blocking apoptosis.
Rapid clock recovery technique with monotonic phase error metric (2002)

One of the most common configurations utilized for acquiring a local timing reference is the absolute value early-late gate bit synchronizer. The primary disadvantage to this method, and most similar approaches, is that it does not exhibit a linearly increasing phase error characteristic. An unstable equilibrium exists at phase errors of +or-1/2 bit which may delay synchronization. A rapid clock recovery technique is described which has an error signal which increases monotonically over a full bit interval, eliminating the unstable equilibrium point of the conventional methods. This can be a significant advantage in systems which require very high probability of synchronization with short preambles. In addition, the phase detector output can be readily tailored to match the expected filtering of the data. A practical advantage of the rapid clock recovery module presented is that the entire process (except for the one-bit quantizing) including sampling, shift register, table look-up, memory, clock generation, and clock adjustment can be performed in a single-chip microprocessor, using on-board RAM and ROM, at data rates up to several kilobits per second.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Three IgA Myeloma Immunoglobulins from the BALB/c Mouse: Precipitation with Pneumococcal C Polysaccharide (1968)

Three of 64 IgA immunoglobuilins, derived from plasma cell tumors induced by mineral oil in BALB/c mice, precipitated with species-specific pneumococcus C polysaccharide. A related antigen was also found in group O and some group H streptococci. A difference in ability to precipitate a C polysaccharide from a pneumococcus type XIV was demonstrated between protein 603 which did precipitate and protein 167 which did not precipitate this polysaccharide. Studies of the 167 and 603 proteins showed differences in electrophoretic mobility and polypeptide chains. The antigen-combining site of the 167 and 603 proteins resided on the papain-digestion Fab fragment.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Photophysical Properties of Palladium and Platinum(II) Complexes Containing 7,8-Benzoquinolinate and Various Phosphine Ligands (2005)

A series of mononuclear cyclometalated benzo[h]quinolinate platinum and palladium(II) complexes with phosphine ligands, namely, [M(bzq)ClL] (L=PPh2H, Pt 1, Pd 2; PPh2CCPh, Pt 3, Pd 4), [Pt(bzq)(PPh2H)(PPh2CCPh)]ClO4 5, [Pt(bzq)(PPh2C(Ph)=C(H)PPh2)]ClO4 6, and [Pt(bzq)(CCPh)(PPh2CCPh)] (7a, 7b), were synthesized. The X-ray crystal structures of 1, 6.CH3COCH3.1/2CH3(CH2)4CH3, and 7b.CH3COCH3 have been determined. In 1, the metalated carbon atom and the P atom are mutually cis, whereas in 7b they are trans located. For complex 6, C and N are crystallographically indistinguishable. Reaction of [Pt(bzq)(mu-Cl)]2 with PPh2H and excess of NEt3 leads to the phosphide-bridge platinum dimer [Pt(bzq)(mu-PPh2)]2 8 (X-ray). Moderate pi-pi intermolecular interactions and no evident Pt-Pt interactions are found in 1, 7b, and in 8. All of the complexes exhibit absorption bands at high energy due to the intraligand transitions (1IL pi --> pi) and absorptions at lower energy which are attributed to MLCT (5d) pi --> pi (CLambdaN) transition. Platinum complexes show strong luminescence in both solid state and frozen solutions. The influence of the coligands on the photophysics of the platinum complexes has been examined by absorption and emission spectroscopy.