gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System Safety Modeling of Alternative Geofencing Configurations for small UAS (2016)

As is well known, the integration of small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) or “drones” into the National Airspace System (NAS) has captured significant industry, academic, regulatory and media attention. For sUAS that typically fly low and slow, the possibility of a mid-air collision with a nearby general aviation aircraft needs to be studied from a system safety perspective to identify possible hazards and to assess mitigations. The Aviation System Risk Model (ASRM) is a first-generation socio-technical model that uses a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) methodology to integrate possible hazards to assess a non-linear safety risk metric. Using inductive logic, the ASRM may be used to evaluate underlying causal factors linked to the air vehicle and/or to the systems and procedures that lead to the unsafe state and the probabilistic interactions among these factors that contribute to the safety risk. The ASRM can also assess the projected impact of mitigations. Recently, the ASRM has been updated with the use of the Hazard Classification and Analysis System (HCAS) that provides an analytic structure for categorizing hazards related to the UAS, Airmen, Operations and the Environment. In this paper, the ASRM, together with the HCAS, is demonstrated with a notional scenario that involves a sUAS being used for aerial surveillance in the siting of a wind turbine farm near the Yukon River in Alaska. It is conjectured that the sUAS interacts with a general aviation aircraft flying in the nearby vicinity from a local airport. The sUAS being used is a fixed wing-type where there is a failure of the separation assurance function since the sUAS leaves its Area of Operation (AO) due to a Ground Control Station (GCS) transmission disruption (from faulty maintenance) and by the waypoints being incorrectly programmed. In the modeling approach, the time-dependent effects of wind velocity, wind sensor faults, and wind sensor accuracy are also included. In particular, the system safety study focuses on investigating the mitigating efficacy of alternative geofencing configurations.
Reverse Rate Matching for Low-Power LTE-Advanced Turbo Decoders (2015)

In this paper, a reverse rate matching method is presented for LTE-Advanced turbo decoders. In LTE-Advanced systems, the turbo codes are highly punctured to achieve high data rate when the channel is reliable. In that case, since only a small part of the input frame memory contains meaningful data, accessing all entries of the memory is redundant. To reduce the meaningless accesses, the proposed reverse rate matching method evaluates whether each code bit is punctured or not. As a result, more than 30% of the power consumed in accessing the input memory can be saved when the code rate is high. Furthermore, a low-complexity hardware architecture realizing the proposed method is presented for parallel-SISO decoding. By making use of a specific relationship resident in parallel input indexes, the hardware complexity of the reverse rate matching unit is reduced by 44%.
Complexity regulation for real-time video encoding (2003)

Past research in video compression has focused on improving the rate-distortion performance without active consideration of the encoding complexity. However, realtime software or processor based encoding has tight complexity constraints. In this paper we study real-time software-based video encoding as a problem of dynamic tradeoffs among rate, distortion, and complexity. We present a compression system where the compressed video quality is pre-set and fixed, but the compression complexity is constrained and regulated to ensure realtime performance, by changing the encoding configurations with varying compression efficiency. We propose a dynamic encoding complexity control scheme utilizing an input frame buffer. Our experimental results show that the proposed encoding control algorithm effectively avoids frame drops caused by complexity peaks for real-time encoding.
Peptoid–Peptide Hybrids That Bind Syk SH2 Domains Involved in Signal Transduction (2001)

Peptoid–peptide hybrids are oligomeric peptidomimetics that contain one or more N-substituted glycine residues. In these hybrids, the side chains of one or several amino acids are “shifted” from the α-carbon atom to the amide nitrogen atom. A library of phosphorylated peptoid–peptide hybrids derived from the sequence pTyr-Glu-Thr-Leu was synthesized and tested for binding to the tandem SH2 domain of the protein tyrosine kinase Syk. A considerable influence of the side chain position was observed. Compounds 19–21, 24, and 25 comprising a peptoid NpTyr and/or NGlu residue did not show any binding. Compounds 22, 23, and 26 containing an NhThr (hThr=homothreonine) and/or NLeu peptoid residue showed binding with IC50 values that were only five to eight times higher than that of the tetrapeptide lead compound 18. These data show that side chain shifting is possible with retention of binding capacity, but only at the two C-terminal residues of the tetramer. This method of a peptoid scan using peptoid–peptide hybrids appears to be very useful to explore to what extent a peptide sequence can be transformed into a peptoid while retaining its affinity.
[Construction of HESR1 siRNA plasmid expression vector]. (2005)

The recombinant was cloned and the sequence was obtained, HESR1-RNAi plasmid can down-regulated the expression of HESR1 in human umbilicus vein endothelial cell. Conclusion : Successfully cloning the recombinant make it possible searching new mechanism of HESRI in angiogenesis.
Studies on the Reaction of Malonic Ester with Formaldehyde (1972)

酢酸銅触媒を含む酢酸中でのマロン酸エステルとホルムアルデヒドとの反応が研究された。触媒を除いたのち,反応混合物を蒸留すると,メチレンマロン酸ジエチルは得られないで,メチロールマロン酸ジエチルが得られると報告されていたが,このメチロールマロン酸ジエチルと信じられていた生成物が,実は,ジメチロールマロン酸ジエチル,アセトキシメチルメチロールマロン酸ジエチルおよびビスアセトキシメチルマロン酸ジエチルからなる混合物であることを見いだした,また,ジメチロールマロン酸ジエチルおよびアセトキシメチルメチロールマロン酸ジエチルを酢酸銅の存在下で蒸留すると,メチレンマロン酸ジエチルが,それぞれ80,70%の収率で得られた。実験結果に基づいて反応径路を説明した。
Performance Characteristics of Drilling Equipment Elastomers Evaluated in Various Drilling Fluids (1991)

ABSTRACT The type of elastomer chosen for use in drilling equipment can mean the difference between a normal service life or sudden unpredictable failure. Drilling fluids can chemically alter elastomers in equipment used for drilling oil and gas wells. The degree and magnitude of this interaction depends on the type of the drilling fluid, temperature, pressure, and chemical formulation of the elastomer. Certain components of drilling fluids, such as the base oil in an oil-base mud, can cause changes in weight, volume, and hardness of elastomeric compounds. These changes can affect the resulting performance of the elastomer. This paper will discuss different types of elastomeric compounds and their performance in various drilling fluid systems. The focus will be on elastomers used in downhole drilling equipment such as stator material which is an important component in positive displacement motors (PDMs). Field data concerning the performance of certain elastomers in specific drilling fluids will be discussed. Results of recent elastomer immersion tests in various fluids used in the drilling industry are presented.
A fast heuristic algorithm for hypergraph bisection (1991)

Presents an efficient heuristic algorithm for the min-cut bisection of hypergraphs. In this algorithm, first, a given hypergraph is transformed into a graph called the netgraph, and then a solution is found on this netgraph. Since a netgraph can explicitly represent the weight of nodes of a hypergrap, it is easy to partition a hypergraph into two hypergraphs with the same size. The computation time of the proposed method is O(m/sup 2/), where m is the number of nodes of a given hypergraph. Simulation results show that the proposed method produces better solutions in a shorter time compared with existing, methods, and that the solution is always balanced with the size of the partitioned hypergraphs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Scalable Perceptual and Lossless Audio Coding Based on MPEG-4 AAC (2003)

This paper presents a scalable lossless enhancement of MPEG-4 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC). Scalability is achieved in the frequency domain using the Integer Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (IntMDCT), which is an integer approximation of the MDCT providing perfect reconstruction. With this transform, and only minor extension of the bitstream syntax, the MPEG-4 AAC Scalable codec can be extended to a lossless operation. The system provides bit-exact reconstruction of the input signal independent of the implementation accuracy of the AAC core coder. Furthermore, scalability in sampling rate and reconstruction word length is supported.
Characteristics of 29 novel atypical solute carriers of major facilitator superfamily type: evolutionary conservation, predicted structure and neuronal co-expression (2017)

Solute carriers (SLCs) are vital as they are responsible for a major part of the molecular transport over lipid bilayers. At present, there are 430 identified SLCs, of which 28 are called atypical SLCs of major facilitator superfamily (MFS) type. These are MFSD1, 2A, 2B, 3, 4A, 4B, 5, 6, 6 L, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13A, 14A and 14B; SV2A, SV2B and SV2C; SVOP and SVOPL; SPNS1, SPNS2 and SPNS3; and UNC93A and UNC93B1. We studied their fundamental properties, and we also included CLN3, an atypical SLC not yet belonging to any protein family (Pfam) clan, because its involvement in the same neuronal degenerative disorders as MFSD8. With phylogenetic analyses and bioinformatic sequence comparisons, the proteins were divided into 15 families, denoted atypical MFS transporter families (AMTF1-15). Hidden Markov models were used to identify orthologues from human to <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> and <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Topology predictions revealed 12 transmembrane segments (for all except CLN3), corresponding to the common MFS structure. With single-cell RNA sequencing and <i>in situ</i> proximity ligation assay on brain cells, co-expressions of several atypical SLCs were identified. Finally, the transcription levels of all genes were analysed in the hypothalamic N25/2 cell line after complete amino acid starvation, showing altered expression levels for several atypical SLCs.
Diffusion rates of vasopressin through human vaginal and buccal mucosa (1998)

The permeability to several chemical compounds and the histology of vaginal and buccal mucosa are very similar. Because vaginal mucosa is more abundant, it may be used as a model for the latter. To further develop the vaginal/buccal mucosa model, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the passage of a small polypeptide, vasopressin, across fresh and frozen specimens of these two mucosae. Specimens of fresh buccal and vaginal mucosa were taken from excised tissue obtained following vaginal hysterectomies and various oral surgical procedures. Pieces of buccal and vaginal tissue specimens obtained were used fresh or were snap-frozen and stored at -85 degrees C for periods of up to 10 months. Biopsies from fresh and thawed specimens were mounted in flow-through diffusion cells and their permeability to tritiated vasopressin was determined using a continuous flow-through perfusion system. Specimens were examined histologically before and after freezing as well as before and after permeability experiments and similarities between vaginal and buccal tissues verified. No statistically significant differences between flux values for fresh and frozen vaginal and buccal mucosa, respectively, were found. These results demonstrate that the permeation of vasopressin across fresh and frozen human vaginal and buccal mucosa is for practical purposes similar. These results further support the human vaginal/buccal mucosa model for in vitro permeability studies on therapeutically active compounds.
Exploring in silico affinity of flavonoids and tannins to human fibroblast growth factor-inducible14 (Fn14), a member of TNF receptor super family (2013)

The Fn14 and TWEAK are the receptor and ligand respectively and their mutual recognition and binding was reported to induce pathogenesis of cancer and chronic autoimmune diseases. We had identified Fn14 as a novel target of low linear energy transfer (LET) ionizing radiation in mice population. In the present study we generated the novel homology model of human Fn14, optimized its energy and validated for authenticity by checking Ramachandran plot and also by calculating the RMSD. Based on our earlier findings with Hippophae rhamnoides, a group of flavonoids and tannins were screened for their docking potential with Fn14 at the site where its natural ligand TWEAK was binding. The comparative docking analysis showed that the order of docking, from best to least, was Genistein, Rutin, Gallic acid ethyl ester and Quercetin, respectively. The findings predicted the radiomodifying action of flavonoids and tannins. The study has immediate applications in development of non-toxic drugs/ nutraceuticals that may protect human population from harmful effects of radiation in various situations, such as nuclear accidents, occupational exposure, diagnosis or radiotherapy.
Cell Therapy of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Open Questions (2008)

Cell-based therapy is a promising option for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Based on experimental studies demonstrating that bone marrow-derived stem and progenitor cells improve the functional recovery after ischemia, clinical trials were initiated to address this new therapeutic concept. So far, clinical studies preferentially used adult bone marrow-derived cells for the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Overall, cell therapy was shown to reduce the infarct size and improve cardiac contractile function. However, the extent of functional improvement varied between the studies and various questions remain. The present review article will discuss the heterogeneity of the clinical results, the timing of the cell delivery and the benefit achieved so far in different patient populations.
An object-oriented environment for robot system architectures (2002)

The object-oriented Robot Independent Programming Environment (RIPE) is described. A system architecture based on hierarchies of distributed multiprocessors provides the computing platform for a layered programming structure that models the application as a set of software objects. These objects are designed to support model-based automated planning and programming, real-time sensor-based activity, error handling, and robust communication. The object-oriented paradigm provides mechanisms such as inheritance and polymorphism which allow the implementation of the system to satisfy the goals of software reusability, extensibility, reliability, and portability. By designing a hierarchy of generic parent classes and device-specific subclasses which inherit the same interface, the Robot Independent Programming Language (RIPL) is realized. Work cell tasks demonstrating robotic cask-handling operations for nuclear waste facilities are successfully implemented using this object-oriented software environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Candidate Genes Using the Pedigree Disequilibrium Test (2001)

The pedigree disequilibrium test (PDT) has been proposed recently as a test for association in general pedigrees [Martin et al., Am J Hum Genet 67:146-54, 2000]. The Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) 12 simulated data, with many extended pedigrees, is an example the type of data to which the PDT is ideally suited. In replicate 42 from the general population the PDT correctly identifies candidate genes 1, 2, and 6 as containing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are significantly associated with the disease. We also applied the truncated product method (TPM) [Zaykin et al., Genet Epidemiol, in press] to combine p-values in overlapping windows across the genes. Our results show that the TPM is helpful in identifying significant SNPs as well as removing spurious false positives. Our results indicate that, using the PDT, functional disease-associated SNPs can be successfully identified with a dense map of moderately polymorphic SNPs.
Cost-effectively improving life endurance of MLC NAND flash SSDs via hierarchical data redundancy and heterogeneous flash memory (2015)

As an alternative to conventional spinning HDDs, MLC NAND flash memory based SSDs suffer from a low life endurance. To cost-effectively address this problem, we propose integrating both Hierarchical data redundancy and Heterogeneous flash memory techniques into those SSDs, named as H2-SSD. By deploying across-chips data redundancy in addition to the conventional in-page ECCs, the error correction capacity of H2-SSD can be dramatically enhanced. As a result, the life endurance can be significantly improved. Furthermore, an extra small sized SLC chip is deployed in H2-SSD to store the across-chips parity. Due to the high Program/Erase performance and life endurance of that SLC chip, the degradation of I/O performance induced by the hierarchical data redundancy will be slight in most cases, even under a strict synchronous parity update strategy. Both quantitatively analysis and trace-driven simulation are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of H2-SSD. The results demonstrate that H2-SSD outperforms the conventional SSDs in the maximum Program/Erase cycles by 23% to 178% and suffer from a less than 10% degradation of I/O performance under most cases.
High Average Power Spectral Beam Combining of Yb-doped Fiber Amplifiers (2009)

We report on our experimental results of spectral beam combination. Four fiber amplifiers have been combined to an average power of 1.2 kW with good beam quality. Limitations and further scaling strategies will be discussed.
Type 2 Diabetes (2010)

This issue provides a clinical overview of type 2 diabetes focusing on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, practice improvement, and patient information. Readers can complete the accompanying CME quiz for 1.5 credits. Only ACP members and individual subscribers can access the electronic features of In the Clinic. Non-subscribers who wish to access this issue of In the Clinic can elect "Pay for View." Subscribers can receive 1.5 category 1 CME credits by completing the CME quiz that accompanies this issue of In the Clinic. The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including PIER (Physicians' Information and Education Resource) and MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic from these primary sources in collaboration with the ACP's Medical Education and Publishing division and with assistance of science writers and physician writers. Editorial consultants from PIER and MKSAP provide expert review of the content. Readers who are interested in these primary resources for more detail can consult www.acponline.org, http://pier.acponline.org, and other resources referenced within each issue of In the Clinic.
Getting Started with Bluetooth Low Energy (2014)

With Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), smart devices are about to become even smarter. This practical guide demonstrates how this exciting wireless technology helps developers build mobile apps that share data with external hardware, and how hardware engineers can gain easy and reliable access to mobile operating systems. This book provides a solid, high-level overview of how devices use BLE to communicate with each other. You'll learn useful low-cost tools for developing and testing BLE-enabled mobile apps and embedded firmware and get examples using various development platforms including iOS and Android for app developers and embedded platforms for product designers and hardware engineers. Understand how data is organized and transferred by BLE devices Explore BLEs concepts, key limitations, and network topology Dig into the protocol stack to grasp how and why BLE operates Learn how BLE devices discover each other and establish secure connections Set up the tools and infrastructure for BLE application development Get examples for connecting BLE to iPhones, iPads, Android devices, and sensors Develop code for a simple device that transmits heart rate data to a mobile device
Acute Effects of Peptides on the Rat Colon (1982)

Stimulatory or inhibitory effects of a number of peptides were measured on the longitudinal strip of the rat-isolated colon. Substance P, neurotensin, bombesin, enkephalins, dynorphin, angiotensin, somatostatin, eledoisin and physalemin-induced contractions of the isolated colon or increased the spontaneous activity, while the vasoactive intestinal peptide caused the tissue to relax. Several other peptides (e.g. thyroliberin, oxytocin, glucagon, insulin) were inactive. Bradykinin was a weak stimulant through the activation of B2 receptors. Development of B1 receptors occurred on incubation in vitro and was prevented by cycloheximide. Prolonged incubation of the rat colon strip in vitro resulted in a progressive increase of spontaneous activity and a parallel sensitization of the tissue to the actions of stimulants (e.g. substance P, carbamylcholine, angiotensin II). Significant increase of the spontaneous activity was induced by propranolol, phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine; moreover, tissues taken from reserpinized animals showed intensive spontaneous activity from the beginning of the in vitro incubation. Antihistaminics, indomethacin and baclofen were inactive, while variable effects (rapidly reversible contractions, increase in spontaneous activity) were observed in some tissues with atropine and methysergide. Spontaneous activity and the sensitivity of the colon to peptides and nonpeptide stimulants were reduced in the presence of bradykinin (BK), des-Arg9-BK and high concentrations (>10–5M) of phenoxybenzamine, naloxone and verapamil. It is concluded that despite its high sensitivity to some peptides, and particularly to C-terminal fragment sequences of substance P, the rat-isolated colon appears to be a complex preparation for precise pharmacological studies on peptides because: (a) the sensitivity of the longitudinal colon strip to various stimulants increases progressively during in vitro incubation; (b) stimulants and inhibitors act not only on the smooth muscle fibers but also on the three functionally distinct sections of the intrinsic innervation, in such a way that every agent can have indirect effects, and (c) anti-adrenergic, antichoUnergic and other inhibitory drugs show intrinsic activity, therefore care must be taken when such agents are used in studies directed to demonstrate the specificity of receptors for peptides or other agonists in the rat colon.