gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of the Epitope Region Capable of Inducing Neutralizing Antibodies against the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (2002)

In order to identify the neutralizing epitope of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), the spike protein region that is presumed to contain the virus-neutralizing epitope was determined. This was based on the sequence information for the neutralizing epitope of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). A recombinant protein that corresponds to the spike region of TGEV was produced, and polyclonal antisera were generated using the recombinant protein. It was discovered that polyclonal antisera significantly inhibited plaque formation by PEDV, suggesting that this region of the spike protein contains the epitope(s) that is capable of inducing PEDV-neutralizing antibodies. In addition, the region that corresponds to the neutralizing epitope of TGEV may also be involved in neutralizing PEDV, although the two viruses are serologically quite distinct. Finally, the amino acid sequences that are deduced from the genes for the determined-neutralizing epitope were highly homologous among the PEDV strains that were isolated from different geographical areas, which suggests conservation of the antigen gene.
O-ring loss data for square law detectors followed by an O-ring device and an accumulator (1981)

A mathematical model is developed to compute the O-ring loss for square law detectors followed by an O-ring device and an accumulator. The O-ring loss is computed using Gaussian and chi-square statistics for a detection probability of 0.5 and false alarm probabilities of 10−3, 10−3, 10−4, and 10−6. The O-ring loss is computed as a function of the number of channels O red and the number of samples in the accumulator. It is concluded that there will be a large signal-to-noise ratio loss if integration is performed following O ring.
Mass‐biased partitioning to enhance middle down proteomics analysis (2013)

A strategy is presented for enhancing the middle-down analysis of higher mass peptides recovered from complex protein mixtures. Following a 30-min digestion of multiple myeloma cell lysate by an acid cleavage reaction that is selective for aspartic acid, a 3000 Da membrane filter is used to bifurcate the peptide product mixture, and the heavier fraction is subjected to collisional activation with precursor selection that excludes charge states below +4. Filtration and charge state selection are shown to provide significant increases in the number of peptides identified in the mass range above 3000 Da and in information about protein sequences.
The use of information technology and computer mediated communication systems in a downsized corporation (1994)

Information technology and computer mediated communication system usage was measured in a large, technology driven downsized corporate division. Specific interest was given to the ways in which current computer usage may differ from reviews written in the 1980s. Our results suggest that, though some similarities exist between the earlier reviews and our survey, differences in IT usage also exist. Additionally, we found the inclusion of CMCS questions in our measure significantly changed the degree to which computers are used by all levels and departments within an organization. Reasons for the similarities and differences in our descriptions of computer usage in the 1980s and the 1990s are discussed.
Crack Healing in Polymers. (1983)

Abstract : When two similar polymers contact in the melt to form a polymer-polymer interface, interdiffusion of random-coil chains occurs. For this case, we determine a set of properties, H, as a function of time, t, and molecular weight, M. They include the number of chains, n, number of bridges, p, average monomer interpenetration depth, X, the total monomer depth, X sub o, the center of mass diffusion, X sub cm, the average contour interpenetration length, l, the total contour length, L sub O, and the average bridge length, l sub p. The time dependent, H(t), and equilibrium solutions, H infinity, are summarized. When two similar amorphous polymers make good contact to form a polymer-polymer interface, we ask how strength develops as a function of contact time, t, and molecular weight, M, of the polymers. Fracture stress, sigma, shear stress tau, critical fracture energy, G sub IC, and fatigue crack propagation rates, da/dN, are determined as functions of t and M. Solutions to this problem have application to polymer processing, internal weld-lines, coatings, welding, lamination and the physics of fracture mechanics. The problem is divided into three parts. The first part consists of determining a set of molecular properties for the interface, H(t). The second part relates the properties of the interface to the mechanical properties via a set of deformation mechanisms involving chain disentanglement and bond rupture. The third part of the solution consists of determining the fracture mechanics of a crack propagating through an interface using solutions of the first two parts.
A Pseudo OFDM With Miniaturized FSK Demodulation Body-Coupled Communication Transceiver for Binaural Hearing Aids in 65 nm CMOS (2017)

A power-efficient body-coupled communication pseudo orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (P-OFDM) transceiver (TRX) is presented for binaural hearing aids (BHAs). Channel measurements are performed for different body postures between human head-to-hand and ear-to-ear to characterize the body channel path loss. The TRX exploits baseband 16-quadrature amplitude modulation OFDM symbols transmitted through a binary frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation to mitigate the multipath and interference problems, which are the most serious issues in BHA, with bit error rate improvement of 74% compared to FSK. It is also free from the peak-to-average power ratio problem. A power-of-two decomposition constant multiplier is implemented to achieve area-efficient constant multiplications in 64-FFT. The proposed energyand area-efficient miniaturized direct conversion FSK demodulation receiver is capable of demodulating up to 20 Mbps signals while reducing the area by >50% compared to conventional implementations. The 1 Mbps TRX is implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process with an active area of 2.13 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> while consuming 1.4 mW.
The automatic compression of multiple classification ripple down rule knowledge based systems: preliminary experiments (2003)

Ripple down rules (RDR) have a longstanding (and successful) history in the field of biomedical engineering. RDR are a knowledge acquisition and representation technique that allow knowledge to be rapidly acquired and maintained by the domain expert. A key feature of RDR, and the reason why maintenance is easily managed, is that rules are never modified or deleted, but locally patched. That is, new rules are exceptions to previous rules and the new rule is validated within the context of previously seen cases. One drawback of local patching is that knowledge can be repeated in different locations of the knowledge base. This paper describes some work done on removing repeated knowledge. The experiments reported were performed on a pathology knowledge base but the algorithm is applicable to any multiple classification RDR knowledge based system. The results support the findings of others that exception structures are compact representations with few opportunities to reduce further. This also suggests that experts tend to provide overly general rules in the first instance which they modify by adding specialisations in the form of exception rules as new cases are seen.
Corticotropin Releasing Factor Binding Protein and<scp>CRF</scp><sub>2</sub>Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area: Modulation of Ethanol Binge Drinking in<scp>C</scp>57<scp>BL</scp>/6J Mice (2015)

These findings suggest that VTA CRFBP is involved in the initial stages of escalated EtOH drinking by mechanisms that may involve CRF2 receptors.
AP-1-Mediated Invasion Requires Increased Expression of the Hyaluronan Receptor CD44 (1997)

Fibroblasts transformed by Fos oncogenes display increased expression of a number of genes implicated in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In contrast to normal 208F rat fibroblasts, Fos-transformed 208F fibroblasts are growth factor independent for invasion. We demonstrate that invasion of v-Fos- or epidermal growth factor (EGF)-transformed cells requires AP-1 activity. v-Fos-transformed cell invasion is inhibited by c-jun antisense oligonucleotides and by expression of a c-jun dominant negative mutant, TAM-67. EGF-induced invasion is inhibited by both c-fos and c-jun antisense oligonucleotides. CD44s, the standard form of a transmembrane receptor for hyaluronan, is implicated in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. We demonstrate that increased expression of CD44 in Fos- and EGF-transformed cells is dependent upon AP-1. CD44 antisense oligonucleotides reduce expression of CD44 in v-Fos- or EGF-transformed cells and inhibit invasion but not migration. Expression of a fusion protein between human CD44s and Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP) in 208F cells complements the inhibition of invasion by the rat-specific CD44 antisense oligonucleotide. We further show that both v-Fos and EGF transformations result in a concentration of endogenous CD44 or exogenous CD44-GFP at the ends of pseudopodial cell extensions. These results support the hypothesis that one role of AP-1 in transformation is to activate a multigenic invasion program.
Abstract 564: Adventitial Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation Reduces Venous Neointimal Hyperplasia in an Experimental Murine AVF Model (2014)

Introduction: Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) used for hemodialysis vascular access will fail because of venous neointimal hyperplasia (VNH) that causes stenosis formation at the venous outflow tract. As a result, only 60% of all AVFs are patent at 1-year. There are several factors which have been hypothesized to contribute to VNH including shear stress, hypoxia, and both local and systemic inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to reduce inflammation while having antiproliferitive properties that aid abrogating vascular injury. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that adventitial transplantation of human adipose derived MSCs to the outflow vein of AVF created in CD1-FoxN1 would attenuate VNH failure by reducing pro-inflammatory mediators including tissue necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Methods: Adventitial transplantation of human MSC was performed in CD1-FoxN1 mice. A carotid artery to ipsilateral jugular AVF was placed and animals were divided into three groups: MSCs (M), CorMatrix ECM scaffold (S, CorMatrix Scaffold, Roswell, GE), or scaffold embedded with 250,000 MSCs (S+M) which were delivered to the adventitia. The mice were then sacrificed at 7 and 28 days post AVF placement and the outflow veins were harvested for histomorphometric and qPCR expression analysis. Results: The average lumen vessel area was significantly increased in the outflow veins removed from the S + M group compared to S or M alone at days 7 and 21 (both, P<0.05). The average area of neointima was significantly decreased in the S+M group when compared to S or M groups (P<0.05) while cell density and Ki-67 index were also significantly decreased at day 7 between S and S+M groups (P<0.05). RNA expression analysis revealed that MCP-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α were all significantly decreased in the outflow vein removed from the S+M group when compared to the S or M group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Adventitial transplantation of MSCs to the outflow vein of the AVF at the time of placement attenuates VNH mediated through a reduction of MCP-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α.
Sleep-disordered Breathing and Insulin Resistance in Middle-aged and Overweight Men (2002)

Sleep-disordered breathing is a prevalent condition associated with impairment of daytime function and may predispose individuals to metabolic abnormalities independent of obesity. The primary objective of this study was to determine the metabolic consequences and community prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in mildly obese, but otherwise healthy, individuals. One hundred and fifty healthy men, without diabetes or cardiopulmonary disease, were recruited from the community. Measurements included polysomnography, a multiple sleep latency test, an oral glucose tolerance test, determination of body fat by hydrodensitometry, and fasting insulin and lipids. The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing, depending on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) cutoff, ranged from 40 to 60%. After adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat, an AHI gt-or-equal, slanted 5 events/h was associated with an increased risk of having impaired or diabetic glucose tolerance (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.05-4.38). The impairment in glucose tolerance was related to the severity of oxygen desaturation (DeltaSa(O(2))) associated with sleep-disordered breathing. For a 4% decrease in oxygen saturation, the associated odds ratio for worsening glucose tolerance was 1.99 (95% CI, 1.11 to 3.56) after adjusting for percent body fat, BMI, and AHI. Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that increasing AHI was associated with worsening insulin resistance independent of obesity. Thus, sleep-disordered breathing is a prevalent condition in mildly obese men and is independently associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
Observation of a New J{sup PC} = 1{sup {minus}+} Exotic State in the Reaction {pi}{sup {minus}}p {r_arrow} {pi}{sup +} {pi}{sup {minus}}{pi}{sup {minus}} p at 18 GeV/c (1998)

A partial-wave analysis of the reaction {pi}{sup {minus}}p{r_arrow}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus} }{pi}{sup {minus}}p at 18 GeV/c has been performed on a data sample of 250thinsp000 events obtained by Brookhaven experiment E852. The expected J{sup PC}=1{sup ++}a{sub 1}(1260) , 2{sup ++}a{sub 2}(1320) , and 2{sup {minus}+}{pi}{sub 2}(1670) resonant states are clearly observed. The exotic J{sup PC}=1{sup {minus}+} wave produced in the natural parity exchange processes shows distinct resonancelike phase motion at about 1.6 GeV/c{sup 2} in the {rho}{pi} channel. A mass-dependent fit results in a resonance mass of 1593{plus_minus}8{sup +29}{sub {minus}47} MeV /c{sup 2} and a width of 168{plus_minus}20{sup +150}{sub {minus}12} MeV /c{sup 2} . {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society }
Reduction of polyhedrin mRNA and protein expression levels in Sf9 and Hi5 cell lines, but not in Sf21 cells, infected with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus fp25k mutants (2012)

During cell infection, the fp25k gene of baculoviruses frequently mutates, producing the few polyhedra (FP) per cell phenotype with reduced polyhedrin (polh) expression levels compared with wild-type baculoviruses. Here we report that the fp25k gene of the model baculovirus, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), contains two hypermutable seven-adenine (A7) mononucleotide repeats (MNRs) that were mutated to A8 MNRs and a TTAA site that had host DNA insertions, producing fp25k mutants during Sf21 cell infection. The FP phenotype in Sf9 and Hi5 cells was more pronounced than in Sf21 cells. AcMNPV fp25k mutants produced similar levels of polyhedra or enhanced GFP, which were both under the control of the AcMNPV polh promoter for expression, in Sf21 cells but lower levels in Sf9 and Hi5 cells compared with AcMNPV with an intact fp25k gene. This correlated with the polh mRNA levels detected in each cell line. The majority of Sf21 cells infected with fp25 mutants showed high polh promoter-mediated GFP expression levels. Two cell lines subcloned from Sf21 cells that were infected with fp25k mutants showed different GFP expression levels. Furthermore, a small proportion of Hi5 cells infected with fp25k mutants showed higher production of polyhedra and GFP expression than the rest, and the latter was not correlated with increased m.o.i. Therefore, these data suggest that AcMNPV polh promoter-mediated gene expression activities differ in the three cell lines and are influenced by different cells within the cell line.
Chemoreceptors of crustaceans: similarities to receptors for neuroactive substances in internal tissues. (1987)

A description is given of crustacean chemosensory systems and the neurophysiological procedures used to study them. Their response properties and tuning characteristics are discussed. A review is then provided of specific crustacean chemoreceptors that are stimulated selectively by either purine nucleotides, taurine, glutamate, or glycine, all of which have neuroactive properties in internal tissues. Two distinctly different types of purinergic chemoreceptors occur on the antennules of the spiny lobster. P1-like chemoreceptors have a potency sequence of AMP greater than ADP greater than ATP greater than adenosine and show a strict structural requirement for the ribose phosphate moiety. P2-like chemoreceptors have a potency sequence of ATP greater than ADP greater than AMP or adenosine and show a broad sensitivity to nucleotide triphosphates with modifications in both the purine and ribose phosphate moieties. Sensilla containing the dendrites of chemosensory neurons also possess an ectonucleotidase(s) that inactivates excitatory nucleotides to yield adenosine which is subsequently internalized by a sensillar uptake system. Narrowly tuned taurinergic chemoreceptors are present on both the antennules and legs of lobsters. Although taurine itself is the most effective stimulant, the taurine analogs hypotaurine and beta-alanine are also very excitatory. Structure-activity studies indicate these chemoreceptors have marked similarities to taurine-sensitive systems in internal tissues of vertebrates. By contrast, comparative studies of glutamatergic chemoreceptors on the legs of lobsters indicate response spectra different from those of the glutamate receptors in lobster neuromuscular junctions and the three classes of excitatory amino acid receptors identified internally in vertebrates. Crustacean chemoreceptors for glycine, ecdysteroids, and pyridine are also described. The hypothesis that receptors for internal neuroactive agents may have originally evolved as external chemoreceptors of primitive aquatic organisms is discussed.
Synthetic electric sounding surveys over known oil fields (1984)

The possibility of using various types of electrical methods to locate oil or gas fields has been proposed in recent years. In an effort to quantify the anomaly to be expected with electrical sounding methods, average geoelectrical parameters have been determined by studying electrical well logs from several oil fields characterized by different geoelectrical sections. The dc resistivity anomaly due to the presence of an oil-bearing layer at depth depends upon the sequence of resistivities above and below and the electrode array employed. The radial dipole array gives the largest anomaly values, and is followed by other arrays such as the Schlumberger and Wenner arrays. The maximum anomaly in apparent resistivity is observed when the resistivity beneath the target zone is lower than that above; the relative anomaly in apparent resistivity is almost the same as the contrast ratio of the transverse resistance of the oil-bearing layer to the overlying beds. When the radial dipole array is used, a limited areal extent of the oil-bearing layer does not cause a significant change from the anomaly value due to a layer of infinite lateral extent. In that case the least dimension is about four times the depth. Use of one buried current electrode in the vicinity of the oil-bearing layer increases the amplitude of the anomaly; the maximum anomaly appears at a separation comparable to the depth. Typical anomalies in apparent resistivity caused by these oil fields range from less than 0.1 per cent to more than 10 per cent. Such anomalies would be detectable only with an order of magnitude improvement in the capabilities of electrical sounding methods, or with considerably larger oil field targets.
Cyclobutene-containing monomers and polymers. Polymerization and cross-linking via thermally generated butadiene units (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclobutene-containing monomers and polymers. Polymerization and cross-linking via thermally generated butadiene unitsLon J. Mathias and Douglas G. PowellCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 3, 702–703Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00169a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00169a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enrichment with anti-cytokeratin alone or combined with anti-EpCAM antibodies significantly increases the sensitivity for circulating tumor cell detection in metastatic breast cancer patients (2008)

Our data indicate that the tumor-specific intracellular CK marker could be used for efficient CTC enrichment. Enrichment with anti-CK alone or combined with anti-EpCAM antibodies significantly enhances assay sensitivity. The three fluorescent and brightfield superior images with the Ariol(R) system reduced false-positive CTC events.
Evaluation of Methods for Automated Hemifield Analysis in Perimetry (1992)

A new aid to perimetric analysis, the Glaucoma Hemifield Test, primarily evaluates up-down differences in automated static visual field tests. We analyzed the visual fields of 163 eyes of 163 normal subjects and 77 eyes of 77 patients with glaucoma diagnosed on bases other than perimetry using the Glaucoma Hemifield Test and a similar, previously developed, hemifield analysis method. The performance of the Glaucoma Hemifield Test was compared with that of the earlier method and the differences in test design were evaluated individually. The Glaucoma Hemifield Test allowed significantly improved separation between the normal group and the group with glaucoma than did the earlier method. This improvement was due to an increase in sensitivity, and was associated with the use of test point significances instead of threshold values, and a large normal database alone in the determination of normal limits.