gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genistein inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells<i>in vitro</i> (2011)

Genistein is one of the major isoflavones in soy products. It has been reported that genistein has apoptotic effects on certain hematological malignancies. However, so far there have been no completely comparative studies of the effect of genistein on malignant hematological diseases, especially multiple myeloma. We investigated genistein's inhibitory effect on the growth of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (RS4;11 and CEM), lymphoma (Toledo and GA10) and multiple myeloma (OPM-2 and U266) cell lines in vitro. We observed that genistein dose- and time-dependently inhibited proliferation of these cells. The cell line sensitivity to genistein treatment based on the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values in decreasing order of toxicity was found to be as follows: RS4;11 (4.89 ± 4.28 μM) > GA10 (13.08 ± 3.49 μM) > Toledo (16.94 ± 3.89 μM) > CEM (17.31 ± 0.72 μM) > OPM-2 (46.76 ± 2.26 μM) > U266 (128.82 ± 1.90 μM). The mechanism of growth inhibition was through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The concomitant altered expression of apoptosis pathway proteins and cell cycle modulators (caspases 9, 3, 7, PARP [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase], cIAP1 [inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1], Bcl-2 and cyclin B1) were observed by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. In addition, some malignancy-related embryologic pathway proteins, e.g. Notch1 and Gli1, were modulated by genistein treatment in sensitive cell lines.
The graphical models toolkit: An open source software system for speech and time-series processing (2002)

This paper describes the Graphical Models Toolkit (GMTK), an open source, publically available toolkit for developing graphical-model based speech recognition and general time series systems. Graphical models are a flexible, concise, and expressive probabilistic modeling framework with which one may rapidly specify a vast collection of statistical models. This paper begins with a brief description of the representational and computational aspects of the framework. Following that is a detailed description of GMTK's features, including a language for specifying structures and probability distributions, logarithmic space exact training and decoding procedures, the concept of switching parents, and a generalized EM training method which allows arbitrary sub-Gaussian parameter tying. Taken together, these features endow GMTK with a degree of expressiveness and functionality that significantly complements other publically available packages. GMTK was recently used in the 2001 Johns Hopkins Summer Workshop, and experimental results are described in detail both herein and in a companion paper.
Plant Methionine Synthase: New Insights into Properties and Expression (2000)

We investigated the enzyme methionine synthase (MSY) in Catharanthus roseus. The properties were characterized with purified protein isolated either from plant cell cultures or after heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. The protein was a monomer and accepted both the triglutamate (CH3-H4PteGlu3, apparent Km = 80 microM) and the monoglutamate (CH3-H4PteGlu1, apparent Km = 350 microM) of methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroate as methyl donor, with a ratio of approximately 90:1 in favor of the triglutamate. Both activities required inorganic phosphate, but with different kinetics, and both were dependent on reducing agents. The activity required zinc, as shown by depletion and reconstitution experiments. Mg2+ had no effect on the activity. Two MSY isoforms purified from parsley cell cultures revealed the same properties as the C. roseus enzyme, however, the parsley proteins had no detectable activity with the monoglutamate substrate. The second part of the work compared the expression of the three enzymes of the methyl cycle (MSY, S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase). In cell cultures, all three enzymes were present under all conditions investigated, with small changes at the protein level and more pronounced changes at the RNA level. Studies with seedlings revealed a low expression of all three enzymes in cotyledons, when compared to hypocotyls and radiculas. Immunohistochemical experiments indicated that MSY expression in cotyledons is cell-type specific, with the strongest signals detected in the upper epidermis.
Byens ånde. Luftforurening og dødsårsager i København, ca. 1800-1920 (2021)

The Breath of the City: Air Pollution and Mortality in Copenhagen, c. 1800-1920This article investigates the effect of air pollution on mortality in the city of Copenhagen during its industrialization c. 1800–1920, subdivided into two periods. Overall, the investigation shows it to be highly probable that air pollution had a negative effect on mortality from lung afflictions among the city’s inhabitants. However, pulmonary tuberculosis caused as many deaths, and the negative effects of air pollution were counteracted by a range of other factors and developments during the period.From the mid-1830s until the mid-1880s, the crude death rate per 1000 inhabitants (CDR) in Copenhagen was higher than in the rest of Denmark, and fairly stable. The most common causes of death in the city were related to the lungs and not to the digestive system, despite the city’s well-known lack of clean water, sewers and refuse disposal. It turned out that in this period, the single most important cause of death related to the lungs was pulmonary tuberculosis. However, other lung-related causes of death became more pronounced and, as early as 1847, already constituted an almost equal share of the city’s CDR. In the following period, c. 1885–1920, the order of importance was reversed and other lung afflictions, collectively, became the most important cause of death. At the same time, mortality from both pulmonary tuberculosis and other lung afflictions was decreasing steadily, arguably due in part to two pollution-lowering conditions. First, the growing volume of air pollution was dispersed over much larger geographical areas as factories and residences relocated, especially after the city’s fortifications were demolished in 1856. Second, (indoor) air pollution from wood-burning inside residences, which had been quite severe long before the relocation began, became less pronounced as households turned to less-polluting fuels for heating, cooking and lighting, especially after 1885. These reductions in emissions, however, were to some extent counteracted by an increase in tobacco smoking during the period.Mortality from both pulmonary tuberculosis and other lung afflictions continued to decrease during the second period c. 1885–1920, even as ambient air pollution from coal-fired factories increased. Certainly, the annexation of new territory to Copenhagen in 1901 and 1902 meant a reduction in the number of inhabitants per square kilometre and thus a dispersion of the air pollution, but this dispersion does not seem to have had any noticeable effect on the steady decrease in mortality from pulmonary tuberculosis and other lung afflictions. Instead, the most likely explanation of the decrease in mortality during this period is the private and public initiatives to prevent pulmonary tuberculosis that gained momentum in the mid-1880s. Further, the same initiatives (disinfection of homes, better hygiene and sanatoria) also reduced the propensity of other deadly lung afflictions, especially pneumonia.
Regulation of motor neuron dendrite growth by NMDA receptor activation (1994)

Spinal motor neurons undergo great changes in morphology, electrophysiology and molecular composition during development. Some of this maturation occurs postnatally when limbs are employed for locomotion, suggesting that neuronal activity may influence motor neuron development. To identify features of motor neurons that might be regulated by activity we first examined the structural development of the rat motor neuron cell body and dendritic tree labeled with cholera toxin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase. The motor neuron cell body and dendrites in the radial and rostrocaudal axes grew progressively over the first month of life. In contrast, the growth of the dendritic arbor/cell and number of dendritic branches was biphasic with overabundant growth followed by regression until the adult pattern was achieved. We next examined the influence of neurotransmission on the development of these motor neuron features. We found that antagonism of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor inhibited cell body growth and dendritic branching in early postnatal life but had no effect on the maximal extent of dendrite growth in the radial and rostrocaudal axes. The effects of NMDA receptor antagonism on motor neurons and their dendrites was temporally restricted; all of our anatomic measures of dendrite structure were resistant to NMDA receptor antagonism in adults. These results suggest that the establishment of mature motor neuron dendritic architecture results in part from dendrite growth in response to afferent input during a sensitive period in early postnatal life.
Surface Wear: Analysis, Treatment, and Prevention (2001)

This book provides a multidisciplinary approach to understanding wear, diagnosing its causes, and prescribing appropriate treatments and preventive measures. The surface engineering techniques and practical guidance provided can be applied to the design, manufacture, and maintenance of machinery to provide cost-effective improvements in the performance of engineered components. The book also describes using appropriate systems and materials for maintaining and reconditioning equipment to extend service life. Engineers and managers in a wide variety of industries - including automotive, railway, power plant, iron and steel, mining, aerospace, and petrochemical - who are faced with problems associated with wear of machinery and equipment will benefit from this book. Contents: Surfaces Wear and tribology Surface protection technology Wear facing materials Wear analysis methods Index.
The interaction of multi-programming job scheduling and CPU scheduling (1972)

There have been very few systematic studies of the effect on system performance of strategies for scheduling jobs for execution in a multi-programming system. Most of this work has been concerned with empirical efforts to obtain job mixes which effectively utilize the central processor. These efforts are frequently carried out in commercial or production oriented installations where the job load consists of a relatively few jobs whose internal characteristics can be well determined. This approach is not feasible in an environment where internal job characteristics are not known before run time, or where internal job characteristics may vary rapidly. Such circumstances are often the case in an industrial or research laboratory or in a university computer center. This study uses as its measures for determining job scheduling strategies such quantities as are frequently known or can be accurately estimated such as amount of core memory required, processor service time required, etc. The specific job scheduling strategies used include first-come-first-serve (FCFS), shortest processor service time first (STF), smallest cost (cost = core size X processor service time) first (SCF), and smallest memory requirement first (SMF). We evaluated both preemptive resume and non-preemptive job scheduling. It is typical of virtually all of the previous work that the emphasis has been on improving CPU utilization. There may often be other goals which are more useful measures of performance such as throughput (job completion rate per unit time), the expected wait time before completion of a given class of job, the utilization of I/O resources, etc. We collected several measures of system performance including all of those listed previously to assess the effects of job scheduling. There has been very little previous study of the interaction between job scheduling and CPU scheduling. We systematically vary CPU scheduling algorithms in conjunction with alteration of job scheduling strategies. Those job scheduling strategies which give high throughput are characteristically observed to be more sensitive to CPU scheduling methods than those which yield relatively low throughput. We do not, however, attempt to correlate job scheduling methods with internal job characteristics such as CPU burst time, etc. We did, however, consider the effect of skewed CPU burst time distribution on performance under different pairs of strategies.
Upgrades to the NESS (Nuclear Engine System Simulation) Code (2007)

In support of the President's Vision for Space Exploration, the Nuclear Thermal Rocket (NTR) concept is being evaluated as a potential propulsion technology for human expeditions to the moon and Mars. The need for exceptional propulsion system performance in these missions has been documented in numerous studies, and was the primary focus of a considerable effort undertaken during the 1960's and 1970's. The NASA Glenn Research Center is leveraging this past NTR investment in their vehicle concepts and mission analysis studies with the aid of the Nuclear Engine System Simulation (NESS) code. This paper presents the additional capabilities and upgrades made to this code in order to perform higher fidelity NTR propulsion system analysis and design.
Progress in Research of FLP/FRT Site-Specific Recombination System in Higher Eukaryotes (2011)

FLP/FRT site-specific recombination system derived from 2 μm plasmid of yeast has been widely used in Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa Linnaeus, Mus musculus, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans and other higher eukaryotic organisms, and gradually become one of the powerful tools of genetic manipulation in transgenic animals and plants research areas. This review introduced the recombination principles of FLP/FRT system and its application in higher eukaryotes, and systematically summarized the main achievements of the system in transgenic plants, mammals, insects and other higher eukaryotic model organisms. In addition, the main problem, application prospect and developmental trend of the FLP/FRT system were discussed in this review.
Multilayered Magnetic Nanodisks for Biosensing (2008)

We present the design and fabrication of a new type of magnetic nanoparticles for biosensing applications. In these nanoparticles, two key magnetic requirements, a high saturation magnetic moment and a near zero remanent moment are achieved by a non-superparamagnetic mechanism, the magnetostatic interlayer coupling between two magnetic layers. A pillar-template-based synthesis is employed to produce large quantities of these multilayered magnetic nanodisks. These nanoparticles can fill the superparamagnetic nanoparticle size gap, from 20 nm to 100 nm. Each nanoparticle is detectable by a magnetoresistive sensor which is highly desirable for biosensing applications.
RAG-Mediated V(D)J Recombination Is Not Essential for Tumorigenesis in <i>Atm</i>-Deficient Mice (2002)

Atm-deficient mice die of malignant thymic lymphomas characterized by translocations within the Tcr alpha/delta locus, suggesting that tumorigenesis is secondary to aberrant responses to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) breaks that occur during RAG-dependent V(D)J recombination. We recently demonstrated that development of thymic lymphoma in Atm(-/-) mice was not prevented by loss of RAG-2. Thymic lymphomas that developed in Rag2(-/-) Atm(-/-) mice contained multiple chromosomal abnormalities, but none of these involved the Tcr alpha/delta locus. These findings indicated that tumorigenesis in Atm(-/-) mice is mediated by chromosomal translocations secondary to aberrant responses to dsDNA breaks and that V(D)J recombination is an important, but not essential, event in susceptibility. In contrast to these findings, it was recently reported that Rag1(-/-) Atm(-/-) mice do not develop thymic lymphomas, a finding that was interpreted as demonstrating a requirement for RAG-dependent recombination in the susceptibility to tumors in Atm-deficient mice. To test the possibility that RAG-1 and RAG-2 differ in their roles in tumorigenesis, we studied Rag1(-/-) Atm(-/-) mice in parallel to our previous Rag2(-/-) Atm(-/-) study. We found that thymic lymphomas occur at high frequency in Rag1(-/-) Atm(-/-) mice and resemble those that occur in Rag2(-/-) Atm(-/-) mice. These results indicate that both RAG-1 and RAG-2 are necessary for tumorigenesis involving translocation in the Tcr alpha/delta locus but that Atm deficiency leads to tumors through a broader RAG-independent predisposition to translocation, related to a generalized defect in dsDNA break repair.
A 3D representation of obstacles in the robot's reachable area considering occlusions (2022)

For human-robot interaction, a 3D representation of the robot’s close environment based on depth measurements is proposed. First, the current close range is defined by computing the reachable space of the robot. Then obstacles and occluded space within the close range are represented in an octree structure considering obstacle occlusions as well as robot occlusions. Based on the obstacle octree, the minimum distance between the robot and the surrounding obstacles is determined. Experimental results with depth sensor data from multiple on-board sensors of a mobile manipulator are shown.
Linking sketches and diagrams to source code artifacts (2014)

Recent studies have shown that sketches and diagrams play an important role in the daily work of software developers. If these visual artifacts are archived, they are often detached from the source code they document, because there is no ad- equate tool support to assist developers in capturing, archiving, and retrieving sketches related to certain source code artifacts. This paper presents SketchLink, a tool that aims at increasing the value of sketches and diagrams created during software development by supporting developers in these tasks. Our prototype implementation provides a web application that employs the camera of smartphones and tablets to capture analog sketches, but can also be used on desktop computers to upload, for instance, computer-generated diagrams. We also implemented a plugin for a Java IDE that embeds the links in Javadoc comments and visualizes them in situ in the source code editor as graphical icons.
DGCNN: Disordered Graph Convolutional Neural Network Based on the Gaussian Mixture Model (2017)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be applied to graph similarity matching, in which case they are called graph CNNs. Graph CNNs are attracting increasing attention due to their effectiveness and efficiency. However, the existing convolution approaches focus only on regular data forms and require the transfer of the graph or key node neighborhoods of the graph into the same fixed form. During this transfer process, structural information of the graph can be lost, and some redundant information can be incorporated. To overcome this problem, we propose the disordered graph convolutional neural network (DGCNN) based on the mixed Gaussian model, which extends the CNN by adding a preprocessing layer called the disordered graph convolutional layer (DGCL). The DGCL uses a mixed Gaussian function to realize the mapping between the convolution kernel and the nodes in the neighborhood of the graph. The output of the DGCL is the input of the CNN. We further implement a backward-propagation optimization process of the convolutional layer by which we incorporate the feature-learning model of the irregular node neighborhood structure into the network. Thereafter, the optimization of the convolution kernel becomes part of the neural network learning process. The DGCNN can accept arbitrary scaled and disordered neighborhood graph structures as the receptive fields of CNNs, which reduces information loss during graph transformation. Finally, we perform experiments on multiple standard graph datasets. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in graph classification and retrieval.
Geology of southwestern Alaska (2015)

You get a comprehensive overview of the geology, tectonic evolution, and mineral resources of Alaska and adjacent areas of the continental margin. Plates include state-wide maps showing geology, physiography, lithotectonic terranes, metamorphic rocks, igneous rocks, sedimentary basins, isotopic age data, neotectonics, isostatic gravity, magnetics, and metallic mineral deposits. Summaries of bedrock geology and geologic history are given for eleven large regions of Alaska and adjacent offshore areas. Twenty topical chapters synthesize data on metamorphic and igneous rocks; major onshore and offshore sedimentary basins; the paleomagnetics evidence for latitudinal displacements and rotations, glacial history and periglacial phenomena; and the occurrence, evolution, and potential of Alaska's vast resources of petroleum, coal, and metallic minerals. A summary chapter provides an overview and presents a possible model for Alaska's Phanerozoic evolution. The Geology of Alaska is the largest publication produced in the Decade of North American Geology program, a fitting tribute to this magnificent area.
A Clustering Algorithm Using DNA Marker Information for Sub-Pedigree Reconstruction (2003)

In a mass disaster scenario in which many people are dead, it may be that small family groups are among the dead, and investigators may need to identify such groups, e.g., to return bodies to living relatives for burial. We consider the problem of identifying small groups of closely related people within a large group of people through the use of DNA marker information. We propose a likelihood-ratio-based distance measure of the relatedness between pairs of individuals and use an estimate of this measure as a means of clustering related people into groups. We show the effectiveness of our approach on real examples and through simulations, which suggest that the method is quite reliable for identifying very close relationships. We discuss the use of our clustering algorithm in a two-stage pedigree reconstruction procedure and suggest directions in which the analysis could be extended. Applications include the identification of family groups among bodies found in mass graves and identification of family groups in animal populations.
Promoción de la salud en el Arco Mediterráneo - Health Promotion in the Mediterranean Arc (2015)

Aquesta publicació es presenta amb l'objectiu de compartir les experiències i pràctiques relacionades amb la promoció de la salut en diferents entorns de l'Arc Mediterrani. Els textos d'aquesta edició són fruit del recull de les contribucions de reconeguts experts en l'àmbit de la promoció de la salut presentades en el I Simposi de promoció de la salut de l'Arc Mediterrani, celebrat a Girona el maig de 2012. nEl llibre incorpora la Declaració de Girona que recull les conclusions del simposi i que defensa la necessitat de noves formes d'acció, situant la persona en el centre de les accions de promoció de la salut.
Dual-Band Vertically Stacked Laminated Waveguide Filter Design in LTCC Technology (2009)

A new design method of dual-band filters with laminated waveguide (or substrate integrated waveguide) is proposed by taking advantage of the existence of multiple cavity modes. The major design concept is adequately choosing geometric shape of laminated waveguide resonators to control the frequency bands, and positions of open slots and feeding probes to realize the desired coupling coefficients and external quality factors at both bands simultaneously. Two design examples with third-order and quasi-elliptic filter responses are given and verified by experiments. By using the low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology, the laminated waveguide resonators are vertically stacked, and the filter size can be miniaturized.