gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ROCKII inhibition promotes the maturation of human pancreatic beta-like cells (2017)

Diabetes is linked to loss of pancreatic beta-cells. Pluripotent stem cells offer a valuable source of human beta-cells for basic studies of their biology and translational applications. However, the signalling pathways that regulate beta-cell development and functional maturation are not fully understood. Here we report a high content chemical screen, revealing that H1152, a ROCK inhibitor, promotes the robust generation of insulin-expressing cells from multiple hPSC lines. The insulin expressing cells obtained after H1152 treatment show increased expression of mature beta cell markers and improved glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Moreover, the H1152-treated beta-like cells show enhanced glucose stimulated insulin secretion and increased capacity to maintain glucose homeostasis after transplantation. Conditional gene knockdown reveals that inhibition of ROCKII promotes the generation and maturation of glucose-responding cells. This study provides a strategy to promote human beta-cell maturation and identifies an unexpected role for the ROCKII pathway in the development and maturation of beta-like cells.Our incomplete understanding of how pancreatic beta cells form limits the generation of beta-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC). Here, the authors identify a ROCKII inhibitor H1152 as increasing insulin secreting cells from hPSCs and improving beta-cell maturation on transplantation in vivo.
Evidence for anaerobic oxidation of methane in sediments of  a freshwater system (Lago di Cadagno) (2011)

Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) has been investigated in sediments of a high alpine sulfate-rich lake. Hot spots of AOM could be identified based on geochemical and isotopic evidence. Very high fractionation of methane (α=1.031) during oxidation was observed in the uppermost sediment layers, where methane is oxidized most likely with sulfate-containing bottom waters. However, we could not exclude that other electron acceptors such as iron, or manganese might also be involved. Light carbon isotope values (δ¹³C = -10‰ vs. Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite [VPDB]) of sedimentary carbonates at 16-20 cm sediment depth are indicative of a zone where methane was oxidized and the resulting bicarbonate ions were used for carbonate precipitation. 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed the presence of sequences belonging to the marine benthic groups B, C, and D and to the recently described clade of AOM-associated archaea (AAA). Catalyzed reporter deposition-FISH analysis revealed a high abundance of Deltaproteobacteria, especially of free-living sulfate-reducing bacteria of the Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus branch of Deltaproteobacteria in the AOM zone. Here, loose aggregations of AAA cells were found, suggesting that AAA might be responsible for oxidation of methane in Lake Cadagno sediments.
Variation in sperm displacement and its association with accessory gland protein loci in Drosophila melanogaster. (1995)

Genes that influence mating and/or fertilization success may be targets for strong natural selection. If females remate frequently relative to the duration of sperm storage and rate of sperm use, sperm displacement may be an important component of male reproductive success. Although it has long been known that mutant laboratory stocks of Drosophila differ in sperm displacement, the magnitude of the naturally occurring genetic variation in this character has not been systematically quantified. Here we report the results of a screen for variation in sperm displacement among 152 lines of Drosophilia melanogaster that were made homozygous for second and/or third chromosomes recovered from natural populations. Sperm displacement was assayed by scoring the progeny of cn;bw females that had been mated sequentially to cn;bw and tested males in either order. Highly significant differences were seen in both the ability to displace sperm that is resident in the female's reproductive tract and in the ability to resist displacement by subsequent sperm. Most lines exhibited nearly complete displacement, having nearly all progeny sired by the second male, but several lines had as few as half the progeny fathered by the second male. Lines that were identified in the screen for naturally occurring variation in sperm displacement were also characterized for single-strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCP) at seven accessory gland protein (Acp) genes, Glucose dehydrogenase (Gld), and Esterase-6 (Est-6). Acp genes encode proteins that are in some cases known to be transmitted to the female in the seminal fluid and are likely candidates for genes that might mediate the phenomenon of sperm displacement. Significant associations were found between particular Acp alleles at four different loci (Acp26Aa/Ab, Acp29B, Acp36DE and Acp53E) and the ability of males to resist displacement by subsequent sperm. There was no correlation between the ability to displace resident sperm and the ability to resist being displaced by subsequent sperm. This lack of correlation, and the association of Acp alleles with resisting subsequent sperm only, suggests that different mechanisms mediate the two components of sperm displacement.
Identifying Source Cell Phone using Chromatic Aberration (2007)

Chromatic aberration is the phenomenon where light of different wavelengths fail to converge at the same position on the focal plane. There are two kinds of chromatic aberration: longitudinal aberration causes different wavelengths to focus at different distances from the lens while lateral aberration is attributed to different wavelengths focusing at different positions on the sensor. In this paper, we estimate the parameters of lateral chromatic aberration by maximizing the mutual information between the corrected R and B channels with the G channel. The extracted parameters are then used as input features to a SVM classifier for identifying source cell phone of images. By considering only a certain part of the image when estimating the parameters, we reduce the runtime complexity of the algorithm dramatically while preserving the accuracy at a high level.
Economic Background to the Coal Dispute (1984)

Summary This Briefing Paper attempts to explain the economic forces behind the decline of the coal industry. The main findings (presented in the order in which the argument is developed) are: Coal output has been declining throughout this century. This decline accelerated in the 1950s and 1960s when coal was faced with competition from oil. The decline was arrested by the the oil price increases of the 1970s which have allowed coal to establish and maintain a price advantage over alternative fuels. Despite this, coal has not increased its market share over the past decade. Because of energy conservation, in response to the price increases of the 1970s, total energy demand has fallen over the past ten years. With coal holding a stable share of a static market, the output projections for the industry drawn up in the 1970s including those in the 1974 “Plan for Coal” are now totally outdated. Even if total energy demand were to expand, there would not necessarily be increased demand for British coal, which is more expensive to produce at the margin than alternative sources of supply (from the US, South Africa and Australia). Home‐produced coal enjoys some natural protection from overseas competition because of high transport costs. In addition there is a tax on fuel oil and informal restrictions on imports. These partially insulate the domestic price of coal from changes in the world price. The cost of producing coal has risen substantially in real terms since 1973‐4, despite a major investment programme. Productivity has risen slightly faster than the national average, but wages and non‐wage costs have risen very much faster. The upward pressure on costs has come partly from the mineworkers' climb from twelfth to first or second place in the wages' league; and partly from the failure to close non‐economic pits fast enough. This pressure on costs meant that by 1981‐2 less than half of the industry's total output was produced at profitable pits, which employed only 65,000 mineworkers. There is a large tranche of marginally uneconomic pits which may be unprofitable one year but profitable another, and there is a strong case for keeping such pits open. The number of pits which are profitable at the margin is very sensitive to movements in costs. I f mineworkers' wages had risen only in line with the national average for manufacturing over the period 1973‐4 to 1981‐2, the number of jobs in profitable pits would have been 95,000 rather than 65,000. The subsidy per man in the most inefficient pit in 1981‐2 was of the order of £14000. The subsidy per man in the marginal pit at break‐even point for the industry as a whole was nearly £5000. Under a cash limit system every pound spent on subsidising miners is a pound less available to spend elsewhere. Subsidising coal miners is a costly way of preserving jobs compared with alternatives.
Electrically commanded surfaces: A new liquid‐crystal‐display concept (2003)

Abstract— Fast in‐plane switching of the optic axis was realized in liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs) based on the concept of Electrically Commanded Surfaces (ECS). According to this concept, the liquid‐crystal layer in such a display is aligned by means of thin ferroelectric liquid‐crystal‐polymer (FLCP) film deposited onto the inner side of the display substrates. An electric field, applied normal to the substrates, switches the molecules of the ferroelectric film, representing the commanded surface that, via elastic forces, further transfers to the liquid‐crystal layer. The concept of electrically commanded surfaces opens the door to a new generation of advanced LCDs exhibiting extraordinary performance such as fast in‐plane switching.
Optical contrast agents and imaging systems for detection and diagnosis of cancer (2008)

Molecular imaging has rapidly emerged as a discipline with the potential to impact fundamental biomedical research and clinical practice. Within this field, optical imaging offers several unique capabilities, based on the ability of cells and tissues to effect quantifiable changes in the properties of visible and near-infrared light. Beyond endogenous optical properties, the development of molecularly targeted contrast agents enables disease-specific morphologic and biochemical processes to be labeled with unique optical signatures. Optical imaging systems can then provide real-time visualization of pathophysiology at spatial scales from the subcellular to whole organ levels. In this article, we review fundamental techniques and recent developments in optical molecular imaging, emphasizing laboratory and clinical systems that aim to visualize the microscopic and macroscopic hallmarks of cancer.
Enantioselective ring construction through asymmetric olefin-ketene cycloaddition. A highly enantiocontrolled approach to (-)-.alpha.-cuparenone and (+)-.beta.-cuparenone (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective ring construction through asymmetric olefin-ketene cycloaddition. A highly enantiocontrolled approach to (-)-.alpha.-cuparenone and (+)-.beta.-cuparenoneAndrew E. Greene, Florence Charbonnier, Marie Jacqueline Luche, and Albert MoyanoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 15, 4752–4753Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00249a066RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views691Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (297 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
HYPERSPECTRAL REFLECTANCE AND FLUORESCENCE IMAGING SYSTEM FOR FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY (2001)

This article presents a laboratorybased hyperspectral imaging system designed and developed by theInstrumentation and Sensing Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland. The spectral range is from430 to 930 nm with spectral resolution of approximately 10 nm (full width at half maximum) and spatial resolution better than1 mm. Our system is capable of reflectance and fluorescence measurements with the use of dual illumination sources wherefluorescence emissions are measured with ultraviolet (UVA) excitation. We present the calibrations and imagecorrectionprocedures for the system artifacts and heterogeneous responses caused by the optics, sensor, and lighting conditionsthroughout the spectrum region for reflectance and fluorescence. The results of the fluorescence correction method showedthat the system responses throughout the spectrum region were normalized to within 0.5% error. The versatility of thehyperspectral imaging system was demonstrated with sample fluorescence and reflectance images of a normal apple and anapple with fungal contamination and bruised spots. The primary use of the imaging system in our laboratory is to conductfood safety and quality research. However, we envision that this unique system can be used in a number of scientificapplications.
aTUG: Fully-automated Timed Up and Go Assessment Using Ambient Sensor Technologies (2011)

A novel approach to fully automating the Timed Up & Go (TUG) assessment test in professional and domestic environments is presented. The approach, called aTUG, is based on the usage of ambient sensor technologies i.e. two light barriers, four force sensors, and a laser range scanner built into a sin
Specification of dose delivery in radiation therapy. Recommendation by the Nordic Association of Clinical Physics (NACP). (1997)

Specification of dose delivery in radiation therapy. Recommendation by the Nordic Association of Clinical Physics (NACP).
Vehicle Lateral Control and Yaw Stability Control through Differential Braking (2006)

This paper examines the effectiveness of a brake-by-wire system with the uses of differential brake torque for lateral control and yaw stability control in the context of intelligent vehicle highway systems. Differential braking easily realized by the brake-by-wire system can generate the vehicle yaw moment. The resulting yaw moment affects vehicle lateral position and yaw rate, thereby providing a limited steering function. The steering function achieved through BBW system can then be used to control lateral position in an unintended road departure system. A 7-DOF model is developed to capture the vehicle longitudinal, lateral and yaw motion, and the other four degrees of motion representing the wheel dynamics. Since the 7-DOF model is rather complicated for controller design, a linearized vehicle model is presented for the explanation of the idea of differential braking and for the control design. A fuzzy logic controller is developed to explore the feasibility and capability of BBW systems for lateral control and yaw stability control. Simulation results on the nonlinear vehicle model are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic control approach for lateral control and yaw stability control with differential braking
Combinatorial Physical Vapor Deposition of <i>π</i>‐Conjugated Organic Thin Film Libraries (2004)

Abstract Summary: Thin film technology has been attracting much interest as a tool for making combinatorial libraries of solid state materials including organic compounds and polymers as well as their devices. Especially, physical vapor deposition is very frequently used in research and development of semiconductors, metals, and advanced ceramics and its coupling with combinatorial chemical concepts has been making remarkable progress and success in recent years. Here we provide a short overview of recent studies on combinatorial fabrication of organic thin film libraries by physical vapor deposition for optimization of their structure and properties for device application. magnified image
Circular polarized aperture coupled patch antennas for an RFID system in the 2.4 GHz ISM band (2003)

The design of aperture coupled patch (ACP) antennas for an RFID system in the 2.4 GHz ISM using circular polarization modulation is presented. Due to the requirements of the modulation scheme the ACP antennas are circularly polarized with switchable polarization sense. Four ACP antennas are compared according to their impedance and gain bandwidth, axial ratio, and crosspolarization isolation. Among the presented antennas a novel compact ACP antenna is shown that allows replacement of the conventional quadrature hybrid polarizer by /spl lambda//4 quarter transmission lines.
Complete genome sequence of Brachyspira intermedia reveals unique genomic features in Brachyspira species and phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer (2011)

The accessory gene pool shapes species-specific traits. It is also influenced by reductive genome evolution and horizontal gene transfer. Gene-transfer events can cross both species and genus boundaries and bacteriophages appear to play an important role in this process. A mechanism for horizontal gene transfer appears to be gene translocations leading to remodeling of bacteriophages in combination with broad tropism.
HIV Protease Inhibitors Block Akt Signaling and Radiosensitize Tumor Cells Both <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> (2005)

In tumor cells with mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (SQ20B), H-Ras (T24), or K-Ras (MIAPACA2 and A549), the inhibition of Akt phosphorylation increases radiation sensitivity in clonogenic assays, suggesting that Akt is a potential molecular target when combined with therapeutic radiation. Insulin resistance and diabetes are recognized side effects of HIV protease inhibitors (HPIs), suggesting that these agents may inhibit Akt signaling. Because activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is common in human cancers, we hypothesized that HPIs can inhibit Akt activity resulting in increased tumor cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation-induced cell death. Five first-generation HPIs were subsequently tested and three of the five (amprenavir, nelfinavir, and saquinavir but not ritonavir or indinavir) inhibited Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 at serum concentrations routinely achieved in HIV patients. In both tumor cell colony formation assays and tumor regrowth delay experiments, combinations of drug and radiation exerted synergistic effects compared with either modality alone. In addition, in vivo, doses of amprenavir or nelfinavir comparable with the therapeutic levels achieved in HIV patients were sufficient to down-regulate phosphorylation of Akt in SQ20B and T24 xenografts. Finally, overexpression of active PI3K in cells without activation of Akt resulted in radiation resistance that could be inhibited with HPIs. Because there is abundant safety data on HPIs accumulated in thousands of HIV patients over the last 5 years, these agents are excellent candidates to be tested as radiation sensitizers in clinical trials.
Median filters: Some modifications and their properties (1982)

Some modifications of the median filter are given and their properties are derived. In addition, some results for standard median filters are given. It is shown that for nonmedian nth ranked-order operations, repeated application of the operation will reduce any signal to a constant. Also, it is proved that the output of a recursive median filter is invariant to subsequent passes by the same filter.
Diffusion-reaction compromise the polymorphs of precipitated calcium carbonate (2013)

当它在化学工程的地里起一个重要作用时，散开被化学家和唯物主义者很少在材料的准备考虑。如果我们在原子水平看结晶化，在溶液的水晶生长从离子的散开开始到离子的加入跟随进它的格子的成长表面。散开能是为晶体的生长决定步骤的率。在这份报纸，我们拿说明晶体的形态学上的散开和反应和他们的妥协影响的显微镜的过程的一个例子生产了的钙碳酸盐的结晶化。散开效果在一个特殊设计的三房间的反应堆被学习。实验证明散开的减少在反应房间导致过度饱和和一个连续集中坡度的形成的延迟，因此支持立方的方解石粒子的形成。反应率被温度调整。反应率的增加赞成像针的霰石粒子的形成。当散开和反应玩在反应系统连接角色时，他们的妥协统治产品的形成，导致有可控制的比率的立方、像针的粒子的混合物。因为散开和反应是在材料的准备的通用因素，发现这份报纸能在另外的材料的控制合成是有用的。
An Economical Touch Panel Using SAW Absorption (1987)

Surface waves are readily absorbed when a soft object such as a fingertip touches the substrate. This familiar observation is put to use in a touch-sensing display panel to provide readouts of finger location and finger pressure. Reflective array strips placed a long the panel edges s urround the entire panel area. A short pulse launched, say, along the top edge from left to right arrives at the bottom left corner having a long rectangular envelope, w ith each point in time corresponding to a specific vertical path across t he panel. A finger touch causes an amplitude dip whose timing and depth indicate location and finger pressure. Low frequencies (4-10 MHz) make low-cost arrays p ractical. Signal/noise ratio is very high, so the c enter of the dip can be located precisely; r esolution is determined by the associated digital circuits.
Achromatic switchable polarization rotators (1997)

While a single ferroelectric liquid-crystal (FLC) cell with a retardation of half a wave can be used as a switchable polarization rotator with monochromatic light, the variation of its retardation with wavelength results in a significant deterioration in its performance with white light. We show how a broadband response that is almost independent of the wavelength can be obtained by using one or two static birefringent elements in conjunction with an FLC cell. The influence of material characteristics on the results obtained with the two designs is discussed.
Benzimidazol‐Derivate und verwandte Heterocyclen. II. Synthese von 1‐Aminoalkyl‐2‐benzyl‐benzimidazolen (1960)

Abstract The synthesis of a series of 1‐aminoalkyl‐2‐benzyl‐benzimidazoles is described. Some of these compounds show strong analgesic activity.
Activity, Structure and Degradation of Dealloyed PtNi<sub>3</sub>Nanoparticle Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEMFC (2011)

We report a synthesis, activity and stability study of a dealloyed, highly active PtNi3 alloy nanoparticle catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media. After activation by electrochemical dealloying of a PtNi3 precursor, the Pt-Ni nanoparticle catalyst (referred to as "dealloyed PtNi3") exhibits a 7–8 times higher Pt mass based activity and a 6–7 times higher Pt surface area specific based activity for ORR than pure Pt at comparable mean particle size. In addition, the long-term stability of the dealloyed PtNi3 was tested for typical fuel cell operating as well as more corrosive fuel cell start-up conditions. After 10000 voltage cycles between 0.5–1.0 V vs. RHE at 50 mV s−1 the dealloyed PtNi3 catalyst still shows 4–5 fold increase in Pt surface area specific based activity compared with that for pure Pt.
Bidirectional Optical Interconnection at Gb/s Data Rates With Monolithically Integrated VCSEL-MSM Transceiver Chips (2006)

We present the operation characteristics of 850-nm wavelength GaAs-based monolithically integrated transceiver chips designed for low-cost short-distance bidirectional optical data transmission over a butt-coupled 200-mum core diameter polymer-clad silica fiber. The chips containing a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser and a large-area metal-semiconductor-metal photodiode can well handle data rates of 2.5Gb/s in back-to-back mode and 0.5 Gb/s for 10-m fiber length