gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inter-enterprise business document exchange (2006)

Electronic business document interoperation is the cornerstone of business process integration. An essential issue for business document interoperation is to maintain semantic consistency of the exchanged business documents between any two autonomous business communities, where the document sender and receiver have no misunderstanding in using the exchanged documents. Existing approaches to resolving this issue either adopts document standards to map heterogeneous document elements or applies business ontologies to mediate inconsistent document elements. While these approaches are effective in certain degree, the issues of limited flexibility and evolvability in using standards and the lack of accuracy in using ontologies to mediate document elements must be explored and resolved. This paper proposes a Collaborative Document Exchange (CODEX) approach to resolving the issues. In this approach, structures and concepts of business document are separated and layered in CODEX framework. Structures provide the commonality of business documents through classified concept identifiers while concepts support particularity of business documents through collaboration.
Metallic Planar Lens With Binary Nanoscale Slits (2012)

We propose a binary plasmonic lens based on metallic nanoslit array with different fillings. The phase range of π is achieved by changing the refractive indices of the filling materials in the slits. These index-modulated slits are demonstrated to have unique advantages in phase delay compared with the width-modulated ones. The proposed binary structures can keep the advantage in phase modulation and reduce the difficulty in fabrication. Lenses with different functions, such as focusing light to one or two points or correcting oblique incident light, are designed by a simulated annealing algorithm and investigated by the finite-difference time-domain method.
Characterization of an L-arabinose isomerase from Bacillus coagulans NL01 and its application for D-tagatose production (2016)

In this study, a novel AI from B. coagulans NL01was cloned, purified and characterized. Compared with other reported AIs, this AI could retain high proportions of activity at a broader range of temperatures and was less dependent on metallic cofactors such as Mn(2+). Its substrate specificity was understood deeply by carrying out molecular modelling and docking studies. When the recombinant E. coli expressing the AI was used as a biocatalyst, D-tagatose could be produced efficiently in a simple one-pot biotransformation system.
Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus Replication by the Interferon-Inducible MxA Protein (2001)

Human MxA is an alpha/beta interferon-inducible intracytoplasmic protein that mediates antiviral activity against several RNA viruses. We had previously shown that overexpression of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid led to selective downregulation of MxA gene expression, suggesting a mechanism by which the virus escapes from the host defense system (O. Rosmorduc, H. Sirma, P. Soussan, E. Gordien, P. Lebon, M. Horisberger, C. Brechot and D. Kremsdorf, J. Gen. Virol. 80:1253-1262, 1999). In the present study, we investigated the antiviral activity of MxA protein against HBV. MxA-expressing HuH7 clones were established and transiently transfected with HBV, and viral replication was then studied. Viral protein secretion was profoundly reduced in MxA-expressing clones by 80% for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and 70% for HBV e antigen (HBeAg). The levels of intracytoplasmic HBsAg and HBeAg were reduced by about 80 and 50% in the two MxA-positive clones tested. A nearly complete disappearance of HBV DNA replicative intermediates was observed in MxA-expressing clones. Although the expression of total viral RNAs was not modified, two- to fourfold reductions in HBV cytoplasmic RNAs were found in MxA-expressing clones. This suggests the inhibition of HBV replication at a posttranscriptional level. Indeed, using the well-characterized posttranscriptional regulation element (PRE) reporter system, we were able to demonstrate a marked reduction (three- to eightfold) in the nucleocytoplasmic export of unspliced RNA in MxA-expressing clones. In addition, MxA protein did not interact with HBV nucleocapsid or interfere with HBV nucleocapsid formation. Our results show an antiviral effect of MxA protein on a DNA virus for the first time. MxA protein acts, at least in part, by inhibiting the nucleocytoplasmic export of viral mRNA via the PRE sequence.
A Computational Model of Language Acquisition: the Emergence of Words (2009)

In this paper, we discuss a computational model that is able to detect and build word-like representations on the basis of sensory input. The model is designed and tested with a further aim to investigate how infants may learn to communicate by means of spoken language. The computational model makes use of a memory, a perception module, and the concept of 'learning drive'. Learning takes place within a communicative loop between a 'caregiver' and the 'learner'. Experiments carried out on three European languages with different genetic background (Finnish, Swedish, and Dutch) show that a robust word representation can be learned in using less than 100 acoustic tokens (examples) of that word. The model is inspired by the memory structure that is assumed functional for human cognitive processing.
Simulation of tapered transitions in ion-exchanged channel waveguides (1990)

Tapered transitions in the ion-exchanged glass waveguide are modeled to predict the index profile, propagation constant, and modal field along the taper. Results are in excellent agreement with the experimental data in Ag(+)-Na(+) exchanged tapers fabricated by a two-step process in BK7 glass.
Complementation analysis of resistance to 5-fluorocytosine in Candida albicans (1986)

A complementation test was devised to study allelism among the genetic determinants of resistance to 5-fluorocytosine in Candida albicans. Complementation was demonstrated in control hybrids produced by crossing a resistant strain that was deficient in cytosine deaminase activity with four other resistant strains deficient in UMP pyrophosphorylase activity. This complementation test was used to test allelism of the resistance determinants present in five clinical isolates. All were found to bear recessive alleles of the locus (FCY1) that determined 5-fluorocytosine resistance associated with low levels of UMP pyrophosphorylase activity.
Virtual Network Function Placement Optimization With Deep Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) introduces a new network architecture framework that evolves network functions, traditionally deployed over dedicated equipment, to software implementations that run on general-purpose hardware. One of the main challenges for deploying NFV is the optimal resource placement of demanded network services in the NFV infrastructure. The virtual network function placement and network embedding can be formulated as a mathematical optimization problem concerned with a set of feasibility constraints that express the restrictions of the network infrastructure and the services contracted. This problem has been reported to be NP-hard, as a result most of the optimization work carried out in the area has focused on designing heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms. Nevertheless, in highly constrained problems, as in this case, inferring a competitive heuristic can be a daunting task that requires expertise. Consequently, an interesting solution is the use of Reinforcement Learning to model an optimization policy. The work presented here extends the Neural Combinatorial Optimization theory by considering constraints in the definition of the problem. The resulting agent is able to learn placement decisions by exploring the NFV infrastructure with the aim of minimizing the overall power consumption. The experiments conducted demonstrate that when the proposed strategy is also combined with heuristics, highly competitive results are achieved using relatively simple algorithms.
MWCNT porous microspheres with an efficient 3D conductive network for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries (2015)

A novel multi-walled carbon nanotubes microspheres were successfully prepared and applied to the sulfur cathode of lithium sulfur batteries.
Characterization of Fluorescent Dyes for Optical Immunosensors Based on Fluorescence Energy Transfer (1992)

Eight fluorescent dyes of the fluorescein family, including fluorescein (F), tetramehtylrhodamine (T), rhodamine B (RB), lissamine rhodamine (LR), eosin (E), x-rhodamine (X), Texas Red (TR) and naphthofluorescein (NF), were labeled or colabeled onto mouse immunoglobulins to study their fluorescence energy transfer properties in solution. Of ten combinational pairs studied, the F-T and E-TR pairs were found to best satisfy a set of general criteria for biosensor applications. Fluorescence energy transfer properties of dye-IgG conjugates on hydrophobic surfaces were also studied using the total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) technique. Higher transfer efficiency was observed for the adsorbed molecules, which was attributed to the increased interactions between adsorbed molecules and possible conformational changes on surfaces. Multivariate methods, i.e., multiple linear regression and factor analysis, were used to further characterize the donor-acceptor interactions.
LivDet-iris 2013 - Iris Liveness Detection Competition 2013 (2014)

The use of an artificial replica of a biometric characteristic in an attempt to circumvent a system is an example of a biometric presentation attack. Liveness detection is one of the proposed countermeasures, and has been widely implemented in fingerprint and iris recognition systems in recent years to reduce the consequences of spoof attacks. The goal for the Liveness Detection (LivDet) competitions is to compare software-based iris liveness detection methodologies using a standardized testing protocol and large quantities of spoof and live images. Three submissions were received for the competition Part 1; Biometric Recognition Group de Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, University of Naples Federico II, and Faculdade de Engenharia de Universidade do Porto. The best results from across all three datasets was from Federico with a rate of falsely rejected live samples of 28.6% and the rate of falsely accepted fake samples of 5.7%.
A novel mold design for one-continuous permeability measurement of fiber preforms (2015)

One-continuous permeability measurement experiments allow measuring permeability of a fiber preform within a range of fiber volume fractions by conducting a single unsaturated (a.k.a. transient) flow experiment on a dry specimen at an initial thickness, and a set of saturated flow experiments on the wetted specimen by varying the thickness of the mold cavity. This approach allows quicker database construction and reduces the effect of inherent variation of fabric structure caused by inconsistent labor on permeability. In this study, the drawbacks of previous mold designs are eliminated by using appropriate sealing, gap thickness adjustment mechanism and features that allow straightforward and reliable manual operation. Experiments for three different fabric types are conducted and the results are discussed. It is mainly observed that the unsaturated permeability is higher than the saturated permeability.
Die Reibung, Wärmeleitung und Diffusion in Gasmischungen. XXVI. Die innere Reibung von Propylen und β‐Butylen und von ihren Mischungen mit He oder H<sub>2</sub> (1934)

Abstract I. Messungsverfahren. ‐ II. Ergebnisse: a) Reingase; b) Gemische. ‐ III. Zusammenfassung.
Heat Transfer and Flow Phenomena in a Swirl Chamber Simulating Turbine Blade Internal Cooling (1998)

Heat transfer and fluid mechanics results are given for a swirl chamber whose geometry models an internal passage used to cool the leading edge of a turbine blade. The Reynolds numbers investigated, based on inlet duct characteristics, include values which are the same as in the application (18000–19400). The ratio of absolute air temperature between the inlet and wall of the swirl chamber ranges from 0.62 to 0.86 for the heat transfer measurements. Spatial variations of surface Nusselt numbers along swirl chamber surfaces are measured using infrared thermography in conjunction with thermocouples, energy balances, digital image processing, and in situ calibration procedures. The structure and streamwise development of arrays of Görtler vortex pairs, which develop along concave surfaces, are apparent from flow visualizations. Overall swirl chamber structure is also described from time-averaged surveys of the circumferential component of velocity, total pressure, static pressure, and the circumferential component of vorticity. Important variations of surface Nusselt numbers and time-averaged flow characteristics are present due to arrays of Görtler vortex pairs, especially near each of the two inlets, where Nusselt numbers are highest. Nusselt numbers then decrease and become more spatially uniform along the interior surface of the chamber as the flows advect away from each inlet.
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Corrects Dysfunctional High Density Lipoproteins and Reduces Aortic Atherosclerosis in Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Transgenic Mice (1999)

Expression of human lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in mice (LCAT-Tg) leads to increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels but paradoxically, enhanced atherosclerosis. We have hypothesized that the absence of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in LCAT-Tg mice facilitates the accumulation of dysfunctional HDL leading to impaired reverse cholesterol transport and the development of a pro-atherogenic state. To test this hypothesis we cross-bred LCAT-Tg with CETP-Tg mice. On both regular chow and high fat, high cholesterol diets, expression of CETP in LCAT-Tg mice reduced total cholesterol (-39% and -13%, respectively; p < 0.05), reflecting a decrease in HDL cholesterol levels. CETP normalized both the plasma clearance of [(3)H]cholesteryl esters ([(3)H]CE) from HDL (fractional catabolic rate in days(-1): LCAT-Tg = 3.7 +/- 0.34, LCATxCETP-Tg = 6.1 +/- 0.16, and controls = 6.4 +/- 0.16) as well as the liver uptake of [(3)H]CE from HDL (LCAT-Tg = 36%, LCATxCETP-Tg = 65%, and controls = 63%) in LCAT-Tg mice. On the pro-atherogenic diet the mean aortic lesion area was reduced by 41% in LCATxCETP-Tg (21.2 +/- 2.0 micrometer(2) x 10(3)) compared with LCAT-Tg mice (35.7 +/- 2.0 micrometer(2) x 10(3); p < 0.001). Adenovirus-mediated expression of scavenger receptor class B (SR-BI) failed to normalize the plasma clearance and liver uptake of [(3)H]CE from LCAT-Tg HDL. Thus, the ability of SR-BI to facilitate the selective uptake of CE from LCAT-Tg HDL is impaired, indicating a potential mechanism leading to impaired reverse cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis in these animals. We conclude that CETP expression reduces atherosclerosis in LCAT-Tg mice by restoring the functional properties of LCAT-Tg mouse HDL and promoting the hepatic uptake of HDL-CE. These findings provide definitive in vivo evidence supporting the proposed anti-atherogenic role of CETP in facilitating HDL-mediated reverse cholesterol transport and demonstrate that CETP expression is beneficial in pro-atherogenic states that result from impaired reverse cholesterol transport.
Viral Inhibitory Peptide of TLR4, a Peptide Derived from Vaccinia Protein A46, Specifically Inhibits TLR4 by Directly Targeting MyD88 Adaptor-Like and TRIF-Related Adaptor Molecule (2010)

TLRs are critical pattern recognition receptors that recognize bacterial and viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns leading to innate and adaptive immune responses. TLRs signal via homotypic interactions between their cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domains and TIR domain-containing adaptor proteins. Over the course of evolution, viruses have developed various immune evasion strategies, one of which involves inhibiting TLR signaling pathways to avoid immune detection. Thus, vaccinia virus encodes the A46 protein, which binds to multiple TIR-domain containing proteins, ultimately preventing TLRs from signaling. We have identified an 11-aa-long peptide from A46 (termed viral inhibitor peptide of TLR4, or VIPER), which, when fused to a cell-penetrating delivery sequence, potently inhibits TLR4-mediated responses. VIPER was TLR4 specific, being inert toward other TLR pathways, and was active in murine and human cells and in vivo, where it inhibited LPS-induced IL-12p40 secretion. VIPER also prevented TLR4-mediated MAPK and transcription factor activation, suggesting it acted close to the TLR4 complex. Indeed, VIPER directly interacted with the TLR4 adaptor proteins MyD88 adaptor-like (Mal) and TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM). Viral proteins target host proteins using evolutionary optimized binding surfaces. Thus, VIPER possibly represents a surface domain of A46 that specifically inhibits TLR4 by masking critical binding sites on Mal and TRAM. Apart from its potential therapeutic and experimental use in suppressing TLR4 function, identification of VIPER's specific binding sites on TRAM and Mal may reveal novel therapeutic target sites. Overall, we demonstrate for the first time disruption of a specific TLR signaling pathway by a short virally derived peptide.
All-optical digitizing of laser transmission through thin-film GaAs on glass (2003)

All-optical transmission switching is realized by solely interfacing laser emissions at 532 nm and 633 nm in thin-film GaAs on glass. Specifically, from the viewpoint of material requirements, the switching concept is extremely undemanding. The results reveal that the inherent application potential of absorbing materials in digital photonics is so far not fully comprehended and thin films may play a part in future all-optical concepts beyond expectations.
Surface engineering of porous silicon to optimise therapeutic antibody loading and release (2015)

The proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), is elevated in several diseases such as uveitis, rheumatoid arthritis and non-healing chronic wounds. Adding Infliximab, a chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody raised against TNF-α, to chronic wound fluid can neutralise human TNF-α, thereby providing a potential therapeutic option for chronic wound healing. However, to avoid the need for repeated application in a clinical setting, and to protect the therapeutic antibody from the hostile environment of the wound, suitable delivery vehicles are required. Porous silicon (pSi) is a biodegradable high surface area material commonly employed for drug delivery applications. In this study, the use of pSi microparticles (pSi MPs) for the controlled release of Infliximab to disease environments, such as chronic wounds, is demonstrated. Surface chemistry and pore parameters for Infliximab loading are first optimised in pSi films and loading conditions are transferred to pSi MPs. Loading regimens exceeding 60 μg of Infliximab per mg of pSi are achieved. Infliximab is released with zero-order release kinetics over the course of 8 days. Critically, the released antibody remains functional and is able to sequester TNF-α over a weeklong timeframe; suitable for a clinical application in chronic wound therapy.
The Response ofSpodoptera littoralisLarvae to Gossypol Incorporated in an Artificial Diet12 (1977)

Journal Article The Response of Spodoptera littoralis Larvae to Gossypol Incorporated in an Artificial Diet Get access J. Meisner, J. Meisner ARO, The Volcani Center, P.O.B. 6, Bet Dagan, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Navon, A. Navon ARO, The Volcani Center, P.O.B. 6, Bet Dagan, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Zur, M. Zur ARO, The Volcani Center, P.O.B. 6, Bet Dagan, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. R. S. Ascher K. R. S. Ascher 3 ARO, The Volcani Center, P.O.B. 6, Bet Dagan, Israel 3 Divisions of Toxicology, Entomology, Plant Introduction, and Toxicology, respectively. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 6, Issue 2, 1 April 1977, Pages 243–244, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/6.2.243 Published: 01 April 1977 Article history Received: 04 October 1976 Published: 01 April 1977
Battery capacity measurement and analysis using lithium coin cell battery (2002)

In this paper, we look at different battery capacity models that have been introduced in the literatures. These models describe the battery capacity utilization based on how the battery is discharged by the circuits that consume power. In an attempt to validate these models, we characterize a commercially available lithium coin cell battery through careful measurements of the current and the voltage output of the battery under different load profile applied by a micro sensor node. In the result, we show how the capacity of the battery is affected by the different load profile and provide analysis on whether the conventional battery models are applicable in the real world. One of the most significant finding of our work will show that DC/DC converter plays a significant role in determining the battery capacity, and that the true capacity of the battery may only be found by careful measurements.
Resonances in Electron Impact on Atoms (1973)

Electrons colliding with atoms can form, at well-defined energies, compound states consisting of the target atom plus the incident electron. The compound states, which are also called "resonances" or "temporary negative ions," often dominate electron collision processes. In this review we discuss the experimental methods which are useful for studying these resonances, and review the results obtained by various investigators. We list the energies and the widths of resonances for H, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Li, Na, Hg, and O. The configurations and other properties of resonances in atoms are discussed. Whenever applicable, results are presented in the form of tables and energy level diagrams.
Miniature Hexaferrite Axial-Mode Helical Antenna for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications (2013)

We demonstrated the size reduction of axial-mode helical antenna based on Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Z hexaferrite-glass composite. Axial-mode helical antenna was employed to provide reliable communication for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications. The conventional axial-mode helical antenna uses an air core or low dielectric material, resulting in large antenna size. To increase the miniaturization factor n = (μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> ) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sup> , a Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Z hexaferrite-glass composite was used as an antenna core. The 3-dimensional finite element method (FEM) simulation was performed to design a hexaferrite helical antenna and confirm the axial-mode operation at 2.44 GHz with gain of 2.0 dBi. The designed hexaferrite helical antenna showed 82% of volume reduction and good impedance matching compared to the air-core antenna. The axial-mode hexaferrite antenna was fabricated based on the designed structure and characterized in an anechoic chamber. The maximum gain of 0.541 dBi was measured with the pitch angle of 10° at 2.39 GHz. Also, a two-element axial-mode antenna array was designed based on the miniature hexaferrite antenna to further improve antenna gain. Maximum gain of 4.5 dBi at 2.43 GHz was simulated for the antenna array. Therefore, high gain and miniature antenna can be achieved with the combination Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Z hexaferrite-glass composite and antenna design technology.