gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1 Einleitung (2011)

Im letzten Jahrzehnt haben europäische Unternehmensvereinbarungen als neuartiges Instrument der Erwerbsregulierung an Bedeutung gewonnen. Europäische Betriebsräte und Gewerkschaften handeln in zunehmenden Maß mit Unternehmen grenzübergreifende Vereinbarungen zu Themen wie Arbeitssicherheit, Gewinnbeteiligung und den Umgang mit Umstrukturierungen aus. Die Verhandlungsakteure stoßen dabei in einen wenig regulierten und noch kaum strukturierten Raum vor, so dass dessen Ordnung notwendigerweise Teil des Verhandlungsprozesses wird. Diese Studie zeichnet erstmals auf Grundlage empirischer Fallanalysen die Verhandlungsprozesse europäischer Unternehmensvereinbarungen detailliert nach. Ihr besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei der Rolle und dem Zusammenspiel von Europäischen Betriebsräten und Gewerkschaften. Die Untersuchung vermittelt umfassende Einblicke in die Handlungsbedingungen und Akteursstrategien dieser im Entstehen begriffenen Neuordnung europäischer Unternehmensarbeitsbeziehungen. Die Autoren reflektieren ihre Befunde auch im Lichte der politikwissenschaftlichen Forschung zur europäischen Integration und liefern damit einen Diskussionsbeitrag, der über die arbeitspolitische Dimension hinausreicht.
Hepatitis C Virus Induces Proteolytic Cleavage of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins and Stimulates Their Phosphorylation via Oxidative Stress (2007)

Hepatic steatosis is a common histological feature of chronic hepatitis C. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) gene expression has been shown to alter host cell cholesterol/lipid metabolism and thus induce hepatic steatosis. Since sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are major regulators of lipid metabolism, we sought to determine whether genotype 2a-based HCV infection induces the expression and posttranslational activation of SREBPs. HCV infection stimulates the expression of genes related to lipogenesis. HCV induces the proteolytic cleavage of SREBPs. HCV core and NS4b derived from genotype 3a are also individually capable of inducing the proteolytic processing of SREBPs. Further, we demonstrate that HCV stimulates the phosphorylation of SREBPs. Our studies show that HCV-induced oxidative stress and subsequent activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)-Akt pathway and inactivation (phosphorylation) of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) mediate the transactivation of SREBPs. HCV-induced SREBP-1 and -2 activities were sensitive to antioxidant (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate), Ca(2+) chelator 1,2-bis(aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-tetra(acetoxymethyl) ester (BAPTA-AM), and PI3-K inhibitor (LY294002). Collectively, these studies provide insight into the mechanisms of hepatic steatosis associated with HCV infection.
Oxidative stress: a radical view. (1989)

Cette revue considere les donnees recentes concernant le stress oxydatif representant l'ensemble des conditions intracellulaire et extracellulaire conduisant a la generation de derives oxygene
Phosphorus Uptake by Plants: From Soil to Cell (1998)

P is an important plant macronutrient, making up about 0.2% of a plant's dry weight. It is a component of key molecules such as nucleic acids, phospholipids, and ATP, and, consequently, plants cannot grow without a reliable supply of this nutrient. Pi is also involved in controlling key enzyme reactions and in the regulation of metabolic pathways (Theodorou and Plaxton, 1993). After N, P is the second most frequently limiting macronutrient for plant growth. This update focuses on P in soil and its uptake by plants, transport across cell membranes, and compartmentation and redistribution within the plant. We will concentrate on P in higher plants, although broadly similar mechanisms have been shown to apply in algae and fungi.
Over‐expression of the Arabidopsis <i>AtMYB41</i> gene alters cell expansion and leaf surface permeability (2007)

The Arabidopsis AtMYB41 gene encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor whose expression is not detectable under normal growth conditions in any organ or at any developmental stage analysed. It is expressed at high levels in response to drought, ABA and salt treatments, suggesting a possible role in stress responses. Transgenic lines over-expressing this transcription factor showed a pleiotropic phenotype similar to that exhibited by some mutants that affect cuticle biosynthesis. This includes a dwarf appearance, dependent on smaller cells with abnormal morphology, enhanced sensitivity to desiccation, and enhanced permeability of leaf surfaces, suggesting discontinuity in the cuticle. The expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and transport, in cell-wall modifications and cell expansion, genes coding for membrane-associated proteins and genes specifically involved in cuticle metabolism was differentially modulated between wild-type and transgenic plants, suggesting a direct or indirect role of AtMYB41 in the regulation of their transcription. Taken together, our results suggest that AtMYB41 is part of a complex network of transcription factors controlling cell expansion and cuticle deposition in response to abiotic stress.
ES Cell Differentiation Into the Hair Follicle Lineage In Vitro (2003)

Hair is arguably the most crucial skin appendage that shapes one’s self-image and acceptance in our society. However, despite this critical function, the precise regulatory steps governing the formation of hair follicles remains poorly understood. It is known, though, that hair follicle formation involves cell commitment, programmed cell death, mesenchymal-epithelial interactions and differentiation (1,2), and that it is a continuously renewing system. It cycles, from stages of resting (telogen), to stages of growth (anagen), as well as a short regression phase (catagen), before entering back to a new cycle (3–7); suggesting that there is a reservoir of cells in the hair follicle capable of hair follicle formation throughout life. However, the identity of the stem cells, as well as the signals and the steps from stem cells to committed epidermal progenitor cells to differentiated hair follicle cells, has not been elucidated. This has been owing to the lack of an in vitro model system that would enable the study of the steps and stages of hair follicle cell differentiation. Embryonic stem (ES) cells provide an excellent cell culture system with a capacity to give rise to various lineages in vitro. Using the R1 ES cell line (8), we have recently developed a culture system that allows ES cells to differentiate into hair keratin expressing mature hair follicle cells. It is predicted that this culture system will be invaluable to delineate the mechanisms involved in hair follicle formation, thereby allowing for the development of treatments and therapies for hair growth and regeneration.
Dictionary Identification—Sparse Matrix-Factorization via $\ell_1$-Minimization (2010)

This paper treats the problem of learning a dictionary providing sparse representations for a given signal class, via ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -minimization. The problem can also be seen as factorizing a d × N matrix Y = (y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> . . . y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> ), y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> ∈ ℝ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sup> of training signals into a d × K dictionary matrix Φ and a K × N coefficient matrix X = (x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> . . . x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> ), x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> ∈ ℝ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</sup> , which is sparse. The exact question studied here is when a dictionary coefficient pair (Φ, X) can be recovered as local minimum of a (nonconvex) ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -criterion with input Y = Φ X. First, for general dictionaries and coefficient matrices, algebraic conditions ensuring local identifiability are derived, which are then specialized to the case when the dictionary is a basis. Finally, assuming a random Bernoulli-Gaussian sparse model on the coefficient matrix, it is shown that sufficiently incoherent bases are locally identifiable with high probability. The perhaps surprising result is that the typically sufficient number of training samples N grows up to a logarithmic factor only linearly with the signal dimension, i.e., N ≈ CK log K, in contrast to previous approaches requiring combinatorially many samples.
Dual Roles for the Phosphatase PPM1D in Regulating Progesterone Receptor Function (2005)

Although protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1 delta (PPM1D) was initially characterized as a p53-regulated phosphatase responsible for inactivation of p38 MAPK and consequent inactivation of p53, its overexpression and amplification in human breast cancers led us to assess its role in steroid hormone action. We found that PPM1D stimulated the activity of several nuclear receptors including the progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor. Although p38 MAPK inhibited PR activity, PPM1D stimulation of PR activity was greater than that achieved by a chemical inhibitor of p38 MAPK, SB202190. This suggests an additional novel function for PPM1D. Consistent with this, the transcriptional activity of endogenous PR in MCF-7 breast cancer cells was preferentially inhibited by small interfering RNA for PPM1D; SB202190 failed to reverse the inhibition. Although PPM1D phosphatase activity was required for stimulation of transcriptional activity, the activity of a PR phosphorylation site null mutant was enhanced by PPM1D, indicating that PR is not the direct target. Additional studies revealed that PPM1D enhanced the intrinsic activity of p160 coactivators such as steroid receptor coactivator-1 and promoted the interaction between PR and steroid receptor coactivator-1 in a mammalian two-hybrid assay. Neither activity was induced by SB202190. Although PPM1D stimulated PR activity in part through inhibition of p38 MAPK, its primary action is novel and independent of p38 MAPK. Thus, we speculate that PPM1D promotes breast tumor growth both by inhibiting p53 activity and by enhancing steroid hormone receptor action.
Is Democracy an Ethical Standard? (1990)

This article explores the Western cultural traditions of democracy and freedom which form a political ethic deeply rooted in the underlying philosophical and theological American heritage. Theories of Machiavelli, Montesqieu, and Niebuhr support the notion that the potential for virtue is found in all individuals, who, through their undeniable freedoms, responsibilities, and participation, have the capability to establish a political community based on democracy, justice, and respect for human rights. Virtue, justice, morality, ethics, freedom, and democracy are all necessary elements for establishing and maintaining the political community. Can history serve to uphold democracy as an ethical standard of governance? The author suggests that the basic and cross-temporal cornerstones of morality; the family and religion serve as “intermediate” social structures in attaining the central virtues of a moral democracy.
Evaluation of the Performance of Vortex Generators on the DU 91-W2-250 Profile using Stereoscopic PIV (2008)

Stereoscopic PIV measurements investigating the effect of Vortex Generators on the lift force near stall and on glide ratio at best aerodynamic performance have been carried out in the LM Glasfiber wind tunnel on a DU 91-W2-250 profile.Measurements at two Reynolds numbers were analyzed; Re=0.910 6 and 2.410 6 .The results show that one can resolve the longitudinal vortex structures generated by the devices and that mixing is created close to the wall, transferring high momentum fluid into the near wall region.It is also seen that the vortex generators successfully can obstruct separation near stall.
Utilization of stevia sweetner on soy sauce Part III. Purification and properties of stevioside hydrolyzing enzyme from raw soy sauce. (1990)

生醤油中に存在するステビオサイド分解酵素を精製し,その酵素化学的性質について検討を行い,次の結果を得た. (1) 精製酵素はポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動によって単一のバンドを示し,生醤油透析液に対して1200倍に精製された. (2) 分子量はゲル濾過法で184000, SDS-電気泳動法で90000であり, 2個のサブユニットから構成されていると考えられた. (3) 本酵素の作用至適pHは5.0であり,酵素活性はpH5.0以下において安定であった. (4) 本酵素の作用至適温度は55℃であり,酵素活性は50℃以下において安定であった. (5) 本酵素の活性はAgN03, CuCl2, PbCl2, HgCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3, SDSおよびPCMBによって阻害された. (6) 本酵素はβ-グルコシダーゼ結合に作用し, β-グルコシダーゼ(β-D-glucoside glucohyolase, EC 3.2.1.21)であると考えられたが,基質特異性は高く,ソホロースに対してよく作用した. (7) 本酵素のステビオサイドに対するKm値は9.71mMであった.
On the conformations of poly(p-xylylene) and its mesophase transitions (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the conformations of poly(p-xylylene) and its mesophase transitionsKenneth J. Miller, Henry B. Hollinger, Janusz Grebowicz, and Bernhard WunderlichCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 16, 3855–3859Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00218a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00218a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views276Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nucleotide sequence of the homoserine kinase (<i>thr</i>B) gene of<i>Brevibacterium lactofermentum</i> (1987)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of the homoserine kinase ( thr B) gene of Brevibacterium lactofermentum Get access Luis M. Mateos, Luis M. Mateos Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de LeónLeón 24071, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gustavo del Real, Gustavo del Real Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de LeónLeón 24071, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alfredo Aguilar, Alfredo Aguilar Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de LeónLeón 24071, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Juan F. Martin Juan F. Martin Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de LeónLeón 24071, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 15, Issue 9, 11 May 1987, Page 3922, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/15.9.3922 Published: 11 May 1987
Development of a Precision Index and a Precision Forecast System for RTK-GNSS (2019)

In this paper, we propose a novel precision index and its forecast system for Real-Time Kinematic - Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK-GNSS) in order to comprehend RTK-positioning availability in the future at a particular time and position. Our index is derived, based on the number of line-of-sight (LOS) satellite double differences and their geometry (GDOP: Geographical Dilution of Precision). We clarify under which situation we can obtain precise positioning results with RTK-GNSS and then design the index. To determine whether each satellite is LOS or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) with respect to the receiver, our system uses satellite orbit data (TLE) and a 3D map. Furthermore, we have implemented the proposed system as a web service and have shown it working practically with an actual LIDAR data (Aerial survey data) around Hamamatsu city, Japan.
The incidence of seizures among children with autistic symptoms (1979)

The authors examined 183 children with autistic symptoms and found that the age-specific incidence rates of seizures in this sample were between 3 and 28 times the rates for children in the general population. The subjects classified as totally autistic were at high risk of developing seizure from early childhood well into adolescence, but especially so at puberty. The partially autistic children had an increased risk of seizures only up to age 10. The authors suggest that the high incidence of seizures at puberty observed in this study may be specific to children with total autistic symptomatology and may represent a distinct pathological process associated with autism.
Back Problems Due To Heavy Backpacks in School Children (2013)

Students and backpacks are a common sight today. Backpacks come in all sizes, colors, fabrics, and shapes and help children's of all ages express their own personal sense of style. Many packs feature multiple compartments that help students stay organized while they carry their books and papers from home to school and back again. Backpacks are, though, they can strain muscles and joints and may cause back pain if they're too heavy or are used incorrectly. Many students carry school backpacks that exceed 10 percent to 15 percent of their body weight, which puts them at risk for back pain and related disorders. Improper backpack use can also lead to poor posture. Girls and younger kids may be especially at risk for backpack-related injuries because they're smaller and may carry loads that are heavier in proportion to their body weight. Carrying backpacks increases the risk of back pain and possibly the risk of back pathology. The prevalence of school children carrying heavy backpacks is extremely high. The daily physical stresses associated with carrying backpacks cause significant forward lean of the head and trunk. It is assumed that daily intermittent abnormal postural adaptations could result in pain and disability in school going children. American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) and the America Academy of Pediatrics advise that students should carry no more than 15% or 10-20% of their bodyweight.
Cloning and characterization of a maltotriose-producing α-amylase gene from Thermobifida fusca (2007)

The gene (tfa), encoding a maltotriose-producing alpha-amylase from Thermobifida fusca NTU22, was cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene consists of 1,815 base pairs and encodes a protein of 605 amino acids. The base composition of the tfa coding sequence is 69% G+C and the protein has a predicted pI value of 5.5. The deduced amino acid sequence of the tfa amylase exhibited a high degree of similarity with amylases from Thermomonospora curvata and Streptomyces amylases. The purified amylase could be detected as a single band of about 65 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and this agrees with the predicted size based on the nucleotide sequence. The optimal pH and temperature of the purified amylase were 7.0 and 60 degrees C, respectively. The properties of purified amylase from the E. coli transformant are similar to that of an amylase purified from the original T. fusca NTU22.
Buprenorphine implants for treatment of opioid dependence: randomized comparison to placebo and sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone (2013)

Compared with placebo, buprenorphine implants result in significantly less frequent opioid use and are non-inferior to sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone tablets.
In vitro binding of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric mucin (1991)

The in vitro binding of four Helicobacter pylori strains to human gastric mucin was studied with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All four strains were found to bind to purified mucin. Neuraminidase treatment and nonspecific oxidation of mucin decreased bacterial adherence to the macromolecule. Mucin preparations were also found to inhibit attachment of H. pylori to HEp-2 monolayers.
Model-based speech enhancement using a bone-conducted signal (2012)

Codebook-based single-microphone noise suppressors, which exploit prior knowledge about speech and noise statistics, provide better performance in nonstationary noise. However, as the enhancement involves a joint optimization over speech and noise codebooks, this results in high computational complexity. A codebook-based method is proposed that uses a reference signal observed by a bone-conduction microphone, and a mapping between air- and bone-conduction codebook entries generated during an offline training phase. A smaller subset of air-conducted speech codebook entries that accurately models the clean speech signal is selected using this reference signal. Experiments support the expected improvement in performance at low computational complexity.
ECTOMYCORRHIZA FORMATION IN <i>EUCALYPTUS</i> (1982)

SUMMARY Ectomycorrhiza formation by 11, geographically distinct Eucalyptus species and Pinus radiata with 23 diverse ectomycorrhizal fungi was examined in pure culture syntheses. Few differences occurred between the Eucalyptus species in their ability to form ectomycorrhizas with several fungi, thus indicating no evidence for host‐fungus specificity within Eucalyptus. Pinus radiata and most Eucalyptus species formed ectomycorrhizas in common with several broad‐host‐ranging fungi. However, fungus species which are known to associate exclusively with members of the Pinaceae, e.g. Suillus and Rhizopogon species, did not form ectomycorrhizas with any Eucalyptus species and vice versa. Possible incompatibility between several host‐fungus combinations was characterized by host accumulation of phenolic compounds in epidermal and cortical cells. These results are discussed relevant to better understanding degrees and processes of ectomycorrhiza host‐fungus specificity and compatibility and to practical considerations in reforestation of exotic plantations.
Simulation and Research of Dynamic Voltage Detection and Regulator Based on MATLAB (2014)

The Series Dynamic Voltage Regulator can compensate the harmonics distortion caused by voltage type harmonic source This paper presents a new approach of detecting harmonic voltage in dq0 coordinates, based on the generalized instantaneous reactive power ,and used in the series dynamic voltage regulator successfully. It is demonstrated by theoretical analysis and simulation results that the proposed detecting method of harmonic voltage is correct and valid.