gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ENaC in the Rabbit Lacrimal Gland and its Changes During Sjögren Syndrome and Pregnancy (2015)

The present study demonstrated the presence of ENaC in the rabbit LG and its alterations in IAD and pregnancy, suggesting that ENaC may contribute to the pathogenesis of altered LG secretion and ocular surface symptoms in these animals.
Traumatic Asphyxia—Reappraised (1968)

Williams, James S. M.D.; Minken, Stanely L. M.D.; Adams, James T. M.D. Author Information
Reevaluation of the needle method for measuring interstitial fluid pressure (1975)

Inserting a needle into subcutaneous spaces should allow a subatmospheric pressure to be measured if interstitial fluid pressure is truly negative as measured by the capsule and wick techniques. Previous needle measurements of interstitial fluid pressure have produced a positive value, but in most instances fluid has been injected into the tissues prior to recording of pressure. Therefore, we measured subcutaneous needle pressure in anesthetized dogs without fluid injection into the tissues. Approximately 30 min are required for an equilibrium pressure after insertion of the needle. The mean 30-min pressure was 4.6 +/- 0.5 (SE) mmHg (n equals 41). With observable edema, interstitial fluid pressures as measured with the needle were always positive. However, the needle method for continuous recording of pressure lacks rapid sensitivity to changes in tissue fluid pressures. In order to develop a needle method that would follow changes in interstitial fluid pressure, 0.5-1 mul of saline was injected into or withdrawn from the tissue. With this method, pressure plateaued in 10-20 min. This plateau pressure increased with tissue hydration and decreased with dehydration.
Design and implementation of the UIMA Common Analysis System (2004)

The Common Analysis System (CAS) is the subsystem in the Unstructured Information Management Architecture (UIMA) that handles data exchanges between the various UIMA components, such as analysis engines and unstructured information management applications. CAS supports data modeling via a type system independent of programming language, provides data access through a powerful indexing mechanism, and provides support for creating annotations on text data. In this paper we cover the CAS design philosophy, discuss the major design decisions, and describe some of the implementation details.
The 2‐Cyano‐2,2‐dimethylethanimine‐<i>N</i>‐oxymethyl Group for the 2′‐Hydroxyl Protection of Ribonucleosides in the Solid‐Phase Synthesis of RNA Sequences (2013)

The reaction of 2-cyano-2-methyl propanal with 2'-O-aminooxymethylribonucleosides leads to stable and yet reversible 2'-O-(2-cyano-2,2-dimethylethanimine-N-oxymethyl)ribonucleosides. Following N-protection of the nucleobases, 5'-dimethoxytritylation and 3'-phosphitylation, the resulting 2'-protected ribonucleoside phosphoramidite monomers are employed in the solid-phase synthesis of three chimeric RNA sequences, each differing in their ratios of purine/pyrimidine. When the activation of phosphoramidite monomers is performed in the presence of 5-benzylthio-1H-tetrazole, coupling efficiencies averaging 99% are obtained within 180 s. Upon completion of the RNA-chain assemblies, removal of the nucleobase and phosphate protecting groups and release of the sequences from the solid support are carried out under standard basic conditions, whereas the cleavage of 2'-O-(2-cyano-2,2-dimethylethanimine-N-oxymethyl) protective groups is effected (without releasing RNA alkylating side-products) by treatment with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (0.5 M) in dry DMSO over a period of 24-48 h at 55 °C. Characterization of the fully deprotected RNA sequences by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), enzymatic hydrolysis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry confirmed the identity and quality of these sequences. Thus, the use of 2'-O-aminooxymethylribonucleosides in the design of new 2'-hydroxyl protecting groups is a powerful approach to the development of a straightforward, efficient, and cost-effective method for the chemical synthesis of high-quality RNA sequences in the framework of RNA interference applications.
The Critical Concentration for Micelles in Solutions of Cetane Sulfonic Acid (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTThe Critical Concentration for Micelles in Solutions of Cetane Sulfonic AcidG. S. HartleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 12, 2347–2354Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01303a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01303a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IP MULTIMEDIA SUBSYSTEM - The Threat of Unsolicited Sessions in the 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem (2007)

Unsolicited emails distributed by marketers and fraudsters are a growing burden on Internet users. It is expected that with the introduction of low-cost next-generation networks, such as the IP multimedia subsystem, these unsolicited communications will migrate from email and move to voice, video, and instant messaging sessions. Unsolicited voice and video calls are highly disruptive, causing frustration to end users, and they are wasteful of network resources. These communications also may involve fraud, phishing, or the propagation of offensive material. This article highlights the scale of this inevitable problem and proposes mechanisms to enable users to filter their incoming multimedia sessions, such that only legitimate calls are received. This is achieved in a variety of ways including call-pattern analysis, statistical filtering, blacklists, whitelists, and challenge-response mechanisms.
Scalable on-demand media streaming with packet loss recovery (2001)

Inspired by recent techniques for reliable bulk data distribution, this paper develops scalable protocols for reliable on-demand delivery of streaming media. Models are developed that quantify the best possible scalability for given client characteristics. The results of the models are used to guide the design and assess the performance of the proposed streaming techniques. The new protocols, RPB and RBS, are relatively simple to implement and achieve nearly the best possible scalability and efficiency for a given set of client characteristics and desirable/feasible media quality.
Hepatocyte heterogeneity in glutamate metabolism and bidirectional transport in perfused rat liver (1989)

1. The metabolic fate of infused [1-14C]glutamate was studied in perfused rat liver. The 14C label taken up by the liver was recovered to 85 +/- 2% as 14CO2 and [14C]glutamine. Whereas 14CO2 production accounted for about 70% of the [1-14C]glutamate taken up under conditions of low endogenous rates of glutamine synthesis, stepwise stimulation of glutamine synthesis by NH4Cl increased 14C incorporation into glutamine at the expense of 14CO2 production. Extrapolation to maximal rates of hepatic glutamine synthesis yielded an about 100% utilization of vascular glutamate taken up by the liver for glutamine synthesis. This was observed in both, antegrade and retrograde perfusions and suggests an almost exclusive uptake of glutamate into perivenous glutamine-synthetase-containing hepatocytes. 2. Glutamate was simultaneously taken up and released from perfused rat liver. At a near-physiological influent glutamate concentration (0.1 mM), the rates of unidirectional glutamate influx and efflux were similar (about 100 and 120 nmol g-1 min-1, respectively). 3. During infusion of [1-14C]oxoglutarate (50 microM), addition of glutamate (2 mM) did not affect hepatic uptake of [1-14C]oxoglutarate. However, it increased labeled glutamate release from the liver about 10-fold (from 9 +/- 2 to 86 +/- 20 nmol g-1 min-1; n = 4), whereas 14CO2 production from labeled oxoglutarate decreased by about 40%. This suggests not only different mechanisms of oxoglutarate and glutamate transport across the plasma membrane, but also points to a glutamate/glutamate exchange. 4. Oxoglutarate was recently shown to be taken up almost exclusively by perivenous glutamine-synthetase-containing hepatocytes [Stoll, B & Häussinger, D. (1989) Eur. J. Biochem. 181, 709-716] and [1-14C]oxoglutarate (9 microM) was used to label selectively the intracellular glutamate pool in this perivenous cell population. The specific radioactivity of this intracellular (perivenous) glutamate pool was assessed by measuring the specific radioactivity of newly synthesized glutamine which is continuously released from these cells into the perfusate. Comparison of the specific radioactivities of glutamine and glutamate released from perivenous cells indicates that about 60% of total glutamate release from the liver is derived from the perivenous glutamine-synthetase-containing cell population. Following addition of unlabeled glutamate (0.1 mM), unidirectional glutamate efflux from perivenous cells increased from about 30 to 80 nmol g-1 min-1, whereas glutamate efflux from non-perivenous (presumably periportal) hepatocytes remained largely unaltered (i.e. 20-30 nmol g-1 min-1). 5. It is concluded that, in the intact liver, vascular glutamate is almost exclusively taken up by the small perivenous hepatocyte population containing glutamine synthetase.
Temporal Serum Concentrations of Growth Hormone, Thyrotropin, Insulin, and Glucagon in Sheep Immunized against Somatostatin* (1980)

Six ram lambs were immunized with somatostatin conjugated to egg albumin, and six control lambs were immunized with egg albumin to examine the physiological role of somatostatin in regulating GH, TSH, insulin, and glucagon secretion. The influence of treatment on hormonal (GH, insulin, and glucagon) response to arginine stimulation was also tested. Baseline and overall serum GH concentrations were higher in antisomatostatin lambs (Anti-S) than in controls (C). The amplitude of GH secretory spikes was also higher, but the difference was not statistically significant. None of the variables of insulin secretion was statistically different between treatments. Serum TSH and plasma glucagon were not different between treatment groups. Arginine infusion stimulated an increase in serum GH, insulin, and plasma glucagon in both treatment groups. Serum GH concentrations responded to arginine infusion to a greater extent in Anti-S lambs than in C lambs. Conversely, serum insulin increased after arginine infusion to a greater extent in C lambs than in Anti-S lambs. No statistical differences were observed between treatment groups and glucagon concentrations. Despite the observed elevation in serum GH, and the exaggerated GH response to arginine stimulation, the Anti-S lambs gained significantly less weight over the treatment period than did C lambs. Anti-S titer and weight gained were negatively correlated (r = −0.75). Furthermore, the amplitude of GH secretory spikes and weight gained over the treatment period were also negatively correlated (r = −0.72), while Anti-S titer and overall GH concentration were positively correlated (r = 0.99). Cause and effect relationships, however, can only be postulated from these data. These data suggest that endogenous circulating somatostatin is involved in the tonic suppression of GH secretion, while circulating somatostatin does not appear to be involved in the regulation of insulin, glucagon, or TSH secretion in the sheep. It was not possible to stimulate an increase in growth by increasing serum GH concentrations via a blockade of endogenous circulating somatostatin activity. (Endocrinology106: 1027, 1980)
Genes for two subunits of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120: biotin carboxylase and biotin carboxyl carrier protein (1993)

Genes for two subunits of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, biotin carboxylase and biotin carboxyl carrier protein, have been cloned from Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. The two proteins are 181 and 447 amino acids long and show 40 and 57% identity to the corresponding Escherichia coli proteins, respectively. The sequence of the biotinylation site in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 is MetLysLeu, not the MetLysMet found in other sequences of biotin-dependent carboxylases. The amino acid sequence of biotin carboxylase is also very similar (32 to 47% identity) to the sequence of the biotin carboxylase domain of other biotin-dependent carboxylases. Genes for these two subunits of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase are not linked in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, contrary to the situation in E. coli, in which they are in one operon.
Water demand management - philosophy or implementation? (2004)

This paper describes the introduction of water demand management in the southern African context. Originally a response to drought conditions, water demand management is now a key element in Rand Water's strategy of water cycle management - a mix of interventions that (holistically and continuously) keep the water industry viable and sustainable. This experience points to awareness and community education programmes being an essential companion to the technical interventions such as leakage reduction measures.
Design and VLSI implementation of an address generation coprocessor (1995)

Most applications of general purpose VLSI processors are developed using high level languages. In these languages, information is generally handled in a structured form. Compilers generate a considerable amount of code to navigate through the data structures and considerable processing time is spent performing address calculations required to access the data structures. An alternative to software address generation, a hardware memory reconfiguring unit or an address generation coprocessor is presented. To demonstrate the VLSI feasibility of the designed device, it is implemented in VLSI using the Octtool suite of tools. The tools used and the implementation procedure are described. VLSI design aspects such as regularity, modularity, scalability, etc. are discussed. The performance of the device is evaluated using assembly language programs that implement popular signal processing algorithms such as convolution, correlation, FFT and matrix multiplication. A system with the address generation unit exhibits a speed up of between approximately 1.5 and 2.5.
Ernst Abbe and His Work (1966)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. Volkmann, "Ernst Abbe and His Work," Appl. Opt. 5, 1720-1731 (1966) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Power Generation and Electrochemical Analysis of Biocathode Microbial Fuel Cell Using Graphite Fibre Brush as Cathode Material (2009)

Abstract To improve cathodic efficiency and sustainability of microbial fuel cell (MFC), graphite fibre brush (GFB) was examined as cathode material for power production in biocatalysed‐cathode MFC. Following 133‐h mixed culturing of electricity‐producing bacteria, the MFC could generate a reproducible voltage of 0.4 V at external resistance ( R EX ) of 100 Ω. Maximum volumetric power density of 68.4 W m –3 was obtained at a current density of 178.6 A m –3 . Upon aerobic inoculation of electrochemically active bacteria, charge transfer resistance of the cathode was decreased from 188 to 17 Ω as indicated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. Comparing investigations of different cathode materials demonstrated that biocatalysed GFB had better performance in terms of half‐cell polarisation, power and Coulombic efficiency (CE) over other tested materials. Additionally, pH deviation of electrolyte in anode and cathode was also observed. This study provides a demonstration of GFB used as biocathode material in MFC for more efficient and sustainable electricity recovery from organic substances.
Inhibiting and Detecting Offline Password Cracking Using ErsatzPasswords (2016)

In this work, we present a simple, yet effective and practical scheme to improve the security of stored password hashes, increasing the difficulty to crack passwords and exposing cracking attempts. We utilize a hardware-dependent function (HDF), such as a physically unclonable function (PUF) or a hardware security module (HSM), at the authentication server to inhibit offline password discovery. Additionally, a deception mechanism is incorporated to alert administrators of cracking attempts. Using an HDF to generate password hashes hinders attackers from recovering the true passwords without constant access to the HDF. Our scheme can integrate with legacy systems without needing additional servers, changing the structure of the hashed password file, nor modifying client machines. When using our scheme, the structure of the hashed passwords file, e.g., etc/shadow or etc/master.passwd , will appear no different than traditional hashed password files. 1 However, when attackers exfiltrate the hashed password file and attempt to crack it, the passwords they will receive are ErsatzPasswords—“fake passwords.” The ErsatzPasswords scheme is flexible by design, enabling it to be integrated into existing authentication systems without changes to user experience. The proposed scheme is integrated into the pam_unix module as well as two client/server authentication schemes: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) authentication and the Pythia pseudorandom function (PRF) Service [Everspaugh et al. 2015]. The core library to support ErsatzPasswords written in C and Python consists of 255 and 103 lines of code, respectively. The integration of ErsatzPasswords into each explored authentication system required less than 100 lines of additional code. Experimental evaluation of ErsatzPasswords shows an increase in authentication latency on the order of 100ms, which maybe acceptable for real world systems. We also describe a framework for implementing ErsatzPasswords using a Trusted Platform Module (TPM).
"Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health" (2002)

List of Contributors. Foreword R.F. Burk. Preface D.L. Hatfield. Acknowledgements.1. Introduction D.L. Hatfield. Part I: Biosynthesis of selenocysteine and its incorporation into protein: 2. Selenium metabolism in bacteria A. Bock. 3. Mammalian selenocysteine tRNA B.A. Carlson, et al. 4. Selenophosphate selenium donor for protein and tRNA G.M. Lacourciere. 5. SECIS elements G.W. Martin III, M.J. Berry. 6. SECIS binding proteins P.R. Copeland, D.M. Driscoll. 7. Towards a mechanism for selenocysteine incorporation in eukaryotes J.B. Mansell, M.J. Berry. 8.Regulation of selenoprotein expression R.A. Sunde. Part II: Selenium-containing proteins: 9. Identity, evolution and function of selenoproteins and selenoprotein genes V.N. Gladyshev. 10. Bacterial selenoenzymes and mechanisms of action T.C. Stadtman. 11. Selenoprotein P K.E. Hill, R.F. Burk. 12. Selenoprotein W: A muscle protein in search of a function L. Walt Ream, et al. 13. The 15 kDa selenoprotein (Sep15): functional studies and a role in cancer etiology V.N. Gladyshev, et al. 14. Selenoproteins of the glutathione system L. Flohe, R. Brigelius-Flohe. 15. Selenoproteins of the thioredoxin system A. Holmgren. 16. Selenium, deiodinases and endocrine function D.L. St. Germain. Part III: Selenium and human health: 17. Selenium as a cancer preventive agent G.F. Combs Jr., Junxuan Lu. 18. Selenium deficiency and human disease R.Th.J. Coppinger, A.M. Diamond. 19. Selenium as an antiviral agent M.A. Beck. 20. Role of selenium in HIV/AIDS M.K. Baum, et al. 21. Effects of selenium on immunity and aging R.C. McKenzie, et al. 22. Selenium and male reproduction L. Flohe, et al. 23. Role of low molecular weight, selenium-containing compounds in human health H.J. Thompson. 24. Evolution of human dietary standards for selenium O.A. Levander. 25. Selenium in Biology and human health: controversies and perspectives V.N. Gladyshev. Index.
Ultrasonic actuators using near field acoustic levitation (2002)

Near-field acoustic levitation, where planar objects 10 kg in weight can levitate stably near the vibrating plate, is successfully applied both to transporting objects and rotating a rotor without contact. A transporting apparatus and an ultrasonic motor have been fabricated and their characteristics measured. The theory of near field acoustic levitation both for a piston-like sound source and a flexural vibration source is also briefly described.
Comparison of glutathione levels in rodent and human tumor cells grown in vitro and in vivo. (1988)

Cellular glutathione (GSH) levels were compared in human and rodent tumor cells grown both in vivo and in vitro. Three human (A431, HEp3, ME180) and two murine (KHT and RIF-1) tumor cell lines were used. The average GSH contents for exponentially growing human cells in vitro were 14.2, 10.9, and 17.0 fmol/cell for ME180, A431, and HEp3 cells, respectively. These cells also were grown as tumors in nude mice. Following dissociation, greater than 90% pure populations of neoplastic and nonneoplastic cells were isolated by centrifugal elutriation prior to GSH determination. The data showed that the GSH levels of the tumor associated host cells were appreciably lower than those of the neoplastic cells. In addition, in contrast to the values obtained for the exponential cells, neoplastic cells grown in vivo showed a 2- to 3-fold reduction in GSH. However, the values for in vivo cells were similar to those obtained for the same tumor cells grown in vitro in the plateau phase. Compared to the human tumor cells the GSH contents of murine tumor cells always were lower. For example, RIF-1 and KHT cells in the exponential growth phase had GSH contents of 3.3 and 7.5 fmol/cell, respectively. Also, as was observed with the human cells, the GSH content of KHT cells in plateau phase of growth was 2-3 times less than that of cells in the exponential phase of growth. Similarly, the GSH content of KHT cells grown as in situ tumors prior to dissociation and isolation by centrifugal elutriation also was reduced by a factor of 3 compared to exponential phase cells. Although the average volume of tumor cells grown in vivo was less than that of cells grown in vitro, this did not account for the differences in GSH values observed when in vitro and in vivo derived cells were compared. Finally, GSH measurements made on multiple biopsies of individual human tumor xenografts varied by a factor of 2-3 within each tumor type studied. This variation, likely due to host cell fluctuations, may present a complicating feature in the interpretation of solid tumor GSH levels.