gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatio‐temporal imaging of focal interictal epileptiform activity using EEG‐triggered functional MRI (2001)

EEG-triggered, blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI) was used in 24 patients with localization-related epilepsy and frequent interictal epileptiform discharges (spikes) to identify those brain areas involved in generating the spikes, and to study the evolution of the BOLD signal change over time. The location of the fMRI activation was compared with the scalp EEG spike focus and the structural MR abnormality. Twelve patients (50%) had an fMRI activation concordant with the EEG focus and structural brain abnormalities where present (n = 7). In 2 other patients, the fMRI activation was non-concordant with electroclinical findings. The remaining 10 patients (41.7%) showed no significant fMRI activation. These patients had significantly lower mean spike amplitudes compared to those with positive fMRI results (p = 0.03). The time course of the BOLD response was studied in 3 patients and this revealed a maximum signal change 1.5 to 7.5 sec after the spike. In conclusion, EEG-triggered fMRI can directly identify the generators of interictal epileptiform activity, with high spatial resolution, in selected patients with frequent spikes. The superior spatial resolution obtainable through EEG-triggered fMRI may provide an additional non-invasive tool in the presurgical evaluation of patients with intractable focal seizures.
New design of an anti-decubitus lying-down support (1985)

Reviewed is a new lying-down support which is developed and designed in order to prevent decubitus. The new design is based upon the new anti-decubitus theory about tissue deformation: the principle of minimal deformation of the supported body-tissues. Reviewed are the main problems of decubitus prevention in the lying situation. A comprehensive explanation of the operation of the new lying-down support is given. Attention is paid to the anti-decubitus quality, the users-friendliness for medical attendants, nursing attendants and the patient himself, the maintenance-friendliness and the cost-price. User-aspects, safety-aspects and the cost-factor are discussed in detail.
Role of reactive oxygen species in reperfusion injury of the rabbit lung. (1989)

We have developed a model of reperfusion injury in Krebs buffer-perfused rabbit lungs, characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction, microvascular injury, and marked lung edema formation. During reperfusion there was a threefold increase in lung superoxide anion (O2-) production, as measured by in vivo reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, and a twofold increase in the release of O2- into lung perfusate, as measured by reduction of succinylated ferricytochrome c. Injury could be prevented by the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol, the O2- scavenger SOD, the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase, the iron chelator deferoxamine, or the thiols dimethylthiourea or N-acetylcysteine. The protective effect of SOD could be abolished by the anion channel blocker 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid, indicating that SOD consumes O2- in the extracellular medium, thereby creating a concentration gradient favorable for rapid diffusion of O2- out of cells. Our results extend information about the mechanisms of reperfusion lung injury that have been assembled by studies in other organs, and offer potential strategies for improved organ preservation, for treatment of reperfusion injury after pulmonary thromboembolectomy, and for explanation and therapy of many complications of pulmonary embolism.
De-anonymizing programmers via code stylometry (2015)

Source code authorship attribution is a significant privacy threat to anonymous code contributors. However, it may also enable attribution of successful attacks from code left behind on an infected system, or aid in resolving copyright, copyleft, and plagiarism issues in the programming fields. In this work, we investigate machine learning methods to de-anonymize source code authors of C/C++ using coding style. Our Code Stylometry Feature Set is a novel representation of coding style found in source code that reflects coding style from properties derived from abstract syntax trees.

Our random forest and abstract syntax tree-based approach attributes more authors (1,600 and 250) with significantly higher accuracy (94% and 98%) on a larger data set (Google Code Jam) than has been previously achieved. Furthermore, these novel features are robust, difficult to obfuscate, and can be used in other programming languages, such as Python. We also find that (i) the code resulting from difficult programming tasks is easier to attribute than easier tasks and (ii) skilled programmers (who can complete the more difficult tasks) are easier to attribute than less skilled programmers.
Varying Surfactant Type Changes Quizalofop-P Herbicidal Activity (1997)

Varying the type of nonionic surfactant greatly changed the biological activity of the ethyl ester of quizalofop-P on giant foxtail, barnyardgrass, and corn. These studies statistically evaluated 22 surfactants with widely different chemical, physical, and surface properties. Of the 14 surfactant properties analyzed, dynamic surface tension was the most important to enhance quizalofop-P activity. Alcohol ethoxylate surfactants like Genapol® 24-L-92 and Tergitol® 15-S-7 were among the most effective adjuvants. These surfactants performed significantly better than the commercial nonionic surfactant, Induce®, and equal to a high-quality petroleum crop oil concentrate, Agri-dex®. These surfactants offer a lower dose option to crop oil concentrates and a more effective surfactant alternative for mixtures that prohibit crop oil concentrates.
Smart glasses linking real live and social network's contacts by face recognition (2011)

Imagine you participate in a big meeting with several people remotely known to you. You remember their faces but not their names. This is where "Smart Glasses" supports you: Smart Glasses consist of a (wearable) display, a tiny camera, some local processing power and an uplink to a backend service. The current implementation is based on Android and runs on smartphones, early research prototypes with different types of wearable displays have been evaluated as well. The system executes face detection and face tracking locally on the device (e.g. smartphone) and then links to the service running in the cloud to perform the actual face recognition based on the user's personal contact list (gallery). Recognized and identified persons are then displayed with names and latest social network activities.
Dimerization of the tetracyanoethylene anion radical (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDimerization of the tetracyanoethylene anion radicalRaymond ChangCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1970, 74, 9, 2029–2030Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100704a034https://doi.org/10.1021/j100704a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Interaction of mRNA With the Escherichia Coli Ribosome: Accessibility of Phosphorothioate-Containing mRNA Bound to Ribosomes for Iodine Cleavage (1996)

The contacts of phosphate groups in mRNAs with ribosomes were studied. Two mRNAs were used: one mRNA contained in the middle two defined codons to construct the pre- and the post-translocational states, the other was a sequence around the initiation site of the natural cro-mRNA. Phosphorothioate nucleotides were randomly incorporated at a few A, G, U or C positions during in vitro transcription. Iodine can cleave the thioated positions if they are not shielded by ribosomal components. Only a few minor differences in iodine cleavage of ribosome bound and non-bound mRNA were observed: the nucleotide two positions upstream of the decoding codons (i.e. those codons involved in codon-anticodon interactions) showed a reduced accessibility for iodine and the nucleotide immediately following the decoding codons an enhanced accessibility in both elongating states. In initiating ribosomes where the mRNA contained a strong Shine-Dalgarno sequence, at least five phosphates were additionally slightly protected covering the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and nucleotides downstream including the initiator AUG in the P site (Al, G3, G-2, G-5 and A-7). The low contact levels of the phosphates in the mRNA with the elongating ribosome strikingly contrast with the pronounced contact patterns previously described for tRNAs. The data obtained in this study, as well as results of previous studies, suggest that mRNA regions downstream and upstream of decoding codons form only weak contacts with ribosomal components and that the mRNA thus is mainly fixed by codon-anticodon interaction on the elongating ribosome.
Oxidation of glycogen “molecular nanoparticles” by periodate (2012)

Glycogen, a natural hyperbranched polymer of glucose characterized by a substantially spherical macromolecular structure, was oxidized by periodate to obtain reactive intermediates for the preparation of nanostructured materials. The reaction was carried out at room temperature in water, methanol, isopropanol or N,N-dimethylformamide as solvents. The oxidized glycogen was analyzed by 1H NMR and the oxidation degree was determined by titration. The repartition of the aldehydes between the surface and the volume of the macromolecular nanoparticles was studied by selective cleavage of the oxidized monomeric units under Smith degradation conditions and SEC analysis. Tuning of the oxidation degree in the range of 1–40% (mole fraction of aldehyde per glucoside unit) was achieved by controlling the reagent feed ratio (periodate/glycogen), while the topology of the aldehyde group distribution was controlled by exploiting the kinetics of mass transport. When the reaction was carried out in water, at low oxidation degree values (0.5–3 mol% of oxidized monomeric units), the aldehyde groups were found to be mostly near the nanoparticle surface. A gradient of distribution of the aldehydes from the surface to the particle core was obtained at higher oxidation degrees (>5%). When the reaction was carried out in organic solvents the functionalization occurred mostly at the nanoparticle surface and also at a high oxidation degree. In particular, in N,N-dimethylformamide at 5% oxidation degree, the aldehyde groups were found to be near the macromolecular chain-ends, mostly located on the particle external shell.
Neutrophil‐Mediated Tissue Injury in Periodontal Disease Pathogenesis: Findings from Localized Aggressive Periodontitis (2003)

Neutrophils play a major role in the host response against invading periodontopathogenic microorganisms. Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) is associated with various functional abnormalities of neutrophils. Based on the recent findings, LAgP neutrophils are not "hypofunctional" or "deficient." They are "hyperfunctional," and their amplified activity is responsible for the tissue destruction in periodontal disease. Several signal transduction abnormalities are associated with elevated neutrophil function in LAgP. There is a strong correlation between defective chemotaxis and decreased intracellular Ca2+ levels; total calcium-dependent protein Kinase C (PKC) activity of neutrophils is significantly lower than healthy subjects; and there is a marked increase in diacylglycerol (DAG) accompanied by a pronounced decrease in DAG kinase activity. In a separate set of experiments on the involvement of the inducible cyclooxygenase isoform (COX-2) and the role of novel lipid mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, crevicular fluid samples from LAgP patients were found to contain prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 5-LO-derived products, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and the biosynthesis interaction product, lipoxin LXA4. Neutrophils from peripheral blood of LAgP patients, but not from healthy volunteers, also generated LXA4, suggesting that this immunomodulatory molecule may have a role in periodontal disease. Lipoxin generation and its relationship to PGE2 and LTB4 can be visualized as an important marker for the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Thus, major advances in our understanding of the role of the neutrophil in host defense against periodontal organisms have been made through studies of LAgP. LAgP is used as an example of a severe periodontal disease that is related to abnormal neutrophil function. In this model, it appears that a hyperresponsiveness of the neutrophil, due to cell priming/predisposition, results in enhanced tissue damage.
Deblocking event algorithm: a new approach to conservative parallel discrete event simulation (2002)

Presents a new approach to perform distributed event driven simulation that we have named the 'deblocking event algorithm'. This algorithm adopts the conservative paradigm, but takes into account the structural properties of the simulation network to reduce the overhead that any distributed simulation scheme inherently has. At the same time, the algorithm keeps a high degree of activity in the network of processes that performs the simulation, which means that the scheme obtains almost all the parallelism inherent in the problem. First, the distributed parallel simulation problems and the classical approaches proposed to solve them are reviewed in this paper. Then, the properties of a simulation network are mathematically characterized. Finally, the deblocking event algorithm and some results concerning overhead reduction and the degree of activity in the network of processes are presented.
Factors Affecting the Yield of Acid-fast Sputum Smears in Patients With HIV and Tuberculosis (1994)

Overall, 60 percent of patients with HIV had positive acid-fast smears, compared with 57 percent of non-HIV-infected patients. A relative absence of cavitary infiltrates did not substantially reduce the frequency of acid-fast smears in patients with and without HIV. Patients with HIV and CD4 count < 50, 50 to 200, and > 200 had positive acid-fast smear rates of 58 percent, 60 percent, and 56 percent, respectively; HIV-infected patients with drug-resistant organisms had 65 percent positive smears. Smear positivity was 96 percent in patients with HIV infection and disseminated MTB, CONCLUSIONS: Positive acid-fast sputum smears in culture-proven MTB occur with similar frequency in patients with and without HIV. The absence of cavitary disease did not significantly reduce the frequency of positive acid-fast smears. For patients with HIV, the likelihood of a positive smear was also independent of CD4 cell counts and drug resistance. Patients with HIV and disseminated MTB had positive sputum smears in nearly all cases.
Obesity and diabetes in TNF-alpha receptor- deficient mice. (1998)

TNF-alpha may play a role in mediating insulin resistance associated with obesity. This concept is based on studies of obese rodents and humans, and cell culture models. TNF elicits cellular responses via two receptors called p55 and p75. Our purpose was to test the involvement of TNF in glucose homeostasis using mice lacking one or both TNF receptors. C57BL/6 mice lacking p55 (p55(-)/-), p75, (p75(-)/-), or both receptors (p55(-)/-p75(-)/-) were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity. Marked fasting hyperinsulinemia was seen for p55(-)/-p75(-)/- males between 12 and 16 wk of feeding the high-fat diet. Insulin levels were four times greater than wild-type mice. In contrast, p55(-)/- and p75(-)/- mice exhibited insulin levels that were similar or reduced, respectively, as compared with wild-type mice. In addition, high-fat diet-fed p75(-)/- mice had the lowest body weights and leptin levels, and improved insulin sensitivity. Obese (db/db) mice, which are not responsive to leptin, were used to study the role of p55 in severe obesity. Male p55(-)/-db/db mice exhibited threefold higher insulin levels and twofold lower glucose levels at 20 wk of age than control db/db expressing p55. All db/db mice remained severely insulin resistant based on fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels, and glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Our data do not support the concept that TNF, acting via its receptors, is a major contributor to obesity-associated insulin resistance. In fact, data suggest that the two TNF receptors work in concert to protect against diabetes.
Prediction of lateral variability in fracture intensity using multicomponent shear-wave surface seismic as a precursor to horizontal drilling in the Austin Chalk (1991)

A method of multicomponent multisource shear-wave interpretation, utilizing the output of the Alford rotation for separating the fast and slow particle motion stacks in azimuthally anisotropic media, yielded a qualitative prediction of lateral fracture intensity variation prior to horizontal drilling. The method exploits a fundamental difference between the two particle motion stacks when vertical, aligned fractures are the source of the shear-wave splitting. The fast shear wave (S1) section is insensitive to the lateral variation in fracture intensity since its particle motion is parallel to the fractures; hence, reflectivity on the S1 CDP-stacked section should be likewise insensitive to fractures. The slow shear wave (S2) section, however, possesses particle motion perpendicular to the fracture planes, so variation in lateral fracture intensity will affect velocity and reflectivity. Examination of the reflectivity on the two sections for a seismic line reveals laterally consistent reflector strength on the S1 section for the Austin Chalk, the horizon of interest, but laterally inconsistent reflector strength for the same horizon on the S2 section in the study area. Reflector dimming on the S2 section was interpreted as indicating fracture intensity maxima. Horizontal drilling confirmed both fracture azimuth and intensity predictions, and resulted in significantly higher initial hydrocarbon production than for surrounding wells.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Large Multilayer Interchange Bridge Using Airborne LiDAR Data (2014)

Accurate and timely updated three-dimensional (3-D) model data of interchange bridges are significant for traffic navigation, landscape design, and many other applications. In this study, we explore the potential of using airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data for 3-D reconstruction of large multilayer interchange bridges. To reduce the technical difficulty in this 3-D reconstruction process, we propose a concept of “structure unit.” We propose a new technical framework based on the structure units for 3-D reconstruction of large multilayer interchange bridge, including point cloud extraction, connectivity-based segmentation, determination of structure units, occlusion detection and restoration, and 3-D modeling. The general idea of this framework is to divide an entire interchange bridge into many simple “structure units,” and then derive a complete 3-D model by reconstructing each “structure unit.” The technical novelties in this framework include: 1) a hierarchal segmentation strategy including connectivity-based segmentation and determination of structure units; and 2) an automatic technique for detection and restoration of occluded structures. The experiments provide specific analysis and evaluation from three aspects: 1) correctness and completeness; 2) horizontal accuracy; and 3) elevation accuracy. The experimental results indicate that the proposed framework can provide satisfactory 3-D models of large complex bridges.
A Nonsense Mutation of the Sodium Channel Gene<i>SCN2A</i>in a Patient with Intractable Epilepsy and Mental Decline (2004)

Mutations, exclusively missense, of voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit type 1 (SCN1A) and type 2 (SCN2A) genes were reported in patients with idiopathic epilepsy: generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus. Nonsense and frameshift mutations of SCN1A, by contrast, were identified in intractable epilepsy: severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI). Here we describe a first nonsense mutation of SCN2A in a patient with intractable epilepsy and severe mental decline. The phenotype is similar to SMEI but distinct because of partial epilepsy, delayed onset (1 year 7 months), and absence of temperature sensitivity. A mutational analysis revealed that the patient had a heterozygous de novo nonsense mutation R102X of SCN2A. Patch-clamp analysis of Na(v)1.2 wild-type channels and the R102X mutant protein coexpressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells showed that the truncated mutant protein shifted the voltage dependence of inactivation of wild-type channels in the hyperpolarizing direction. Analysis of the subcellular localization of R102X truncated protein suggested that its dominant negative effect could arise from direct or indirect cytoskeletal interactions of the mutant protein. Haploinsufficiency of Na(v)1.2 protein is one plausible explanation for the pathology of this patient; however, our biophysical findings suggest that the R102X truncated protein exerts a dominant negative effect leading to the patient's intractable epilepsy.
Research on Active Defence Technology with Virus Based on K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm of Kernel (2009)

In this paper, the active defence technology against virus, the detection technology of known variants of virus and the active defence technology against virus based on K-NN are introduced. Their disadvantages are analyzed. A solution which is based on k-nearest neighbor algorithm of kernel and the active defence technology against virus is proposed. The solution can distinguish safe process from the unknown viruses process efficiently, and can detect unknown viruses more accurately.