gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer interpretation of the 12-lead electrocardiogram, the Frank-lead vectorcardiogram and the reconstructed vectorcardiogram (2002)

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the computer interpretations of the electrocardiogram (ECG), the vectorcardiogram (VCG) and their combination (COMB) on a large data base of 2810 patients with adequate clinical documentation. On a series of 2414 patients without ventricular conduction defect, the evaluation also included the VCG reconstructed from the 12-lead ECG (VCGr), and its combination with the ECG (COMBr). The authors found that COMB and COMBr reached the highest level of overall accuracy, the highest specificity, and the highest sensitivity in diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy, mixed myocardial infarction (MI) and MI associated with hypertrophy. The VCGr was equivalent to the original Frank VCG except in inferior MI. On another series of 396 patients with ventricular conduction defect, the sensitivity of COMB was superior for ventricular hypertrophy and MI, at the expense of a lower specificity. It is concluded that the combination of the diagnostic results obtained by two computer programs is worthwhile, and that the reconstructed VCG might be considered for clinical use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thyroid Hormone Inhibition of Human Thyrotropin β-Subunit Gene Expression is Mediated by a Cis-acting Element Located in the First Exon (1989)

Thyroid hormone regulation of the human thyrotropin beta-subunit gene (TSH beta) was examined in a human embryonal cell line (293). Transient expression studies were performed with chimeric plasmids containing the reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Sequences in the first exon between +9 and +37 base pairs (bp) enhanced gene expression from the human TSH beta promoter in the absence of thyroid hormone as well as mediated a concentration-dependent triiodothyronine (L-T3) decrease in gene expression. Thyroid hormone inhibition of expression was also conferred to the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter by inserting +3 to +37 bp of the human TSH beta gene downstream from the start of transcription. Primer extension analysis of RNA from transfected cell cultures revealed accurate transcription initiation in only those constructs which contained sequences between +9 and +37 bp. Moreover, RNA analysis confirmed that L-T3 inhibition of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity from chimeric pTSH beta CAT constructs occurred at a pretranslational level. In addition, a nuclear thyroid hormone receptor, c-erbA-beta, bound to this region in an avidin-biotin DNA binding assay. These data suggest that L-T3, bound to its receptor, may inhibit human TSH beta expression by interfering with an element that functions to enhance gene expression.
Intramolecular interactions between sulfur atoms in cyclotetrathioether radical cations (1994)

Radical cations generated by low temperature steady-state and pulse radiolysis from 1,4,8,11-tetrathiocyclotetradecane (1) and derivatives bearing gem-dimethyl pairs at the 6- or at the 6- and 13-positions (2 and 3, respectively) are characterized by optical absorption spectroscopy. Despite very different conformations for the neutral compounds 1–3 their radical cations (1˙+–3˙+) possess similarly located σ→σ* transitions (about 450 nm) for structures characterized by the strongest interactions between sulfur atoms. Delayed formation of characteristic absorptions for 2˙+ and 3˙+ indicates that geometries of radical cations differ substantially from geometries of neutral molecules. In the case of 3˙+ an intermediate structure (λmax= 600 nm) was intercepted which rearranged to the most stable structure (λmax= 450 nm) both thermally or photochemically. Optimized geometries for radical cations involving multiple sulfur interactions were calculated.
Visualization of nitric oxide production and intracellular calcium in juxtamedullary afferent arteriolar endothelial cells (2003)

We conclude that endothelial NO homeostasis is an important determinant of AA reactivity and suggest that DAF are suitable for real-time imaging of afferent arteriolar NO production in the isolated, perfused JMN and may be used in combination with calcium-sensitive fluorophores. We have found that NO reduction by carboxy-PTIO or l-NAME increases endothelial calcium, suggesting involvement of calcium signalling in an autocrine NO production feedback in the endothelium. This method should help to further clarify the role of endothelial NO in renal haemodynamics.
Comparison of Porcine Hepatocytes with Human Hepatoma (C3A) Cells for Use in a Bioartificial Liver Support System (1998)

Cells from primary porcine hepatocytes (PPH) and the immortalized human hepatoma cell line C3A are both used in bioartificial liver support systems (BALSS). In this work the viability and metabolic capacity of PPH and C3A cells cultured in different media were compared. Also, because the cells come into direct or indirect contact with human blood components in BALSS, the effects of human complement on survival and functions of the cells was evaluated. For short-term culture, maintenance of PPH viability was essential for retention of P450IA1 activity ( r = 0.882, p < 0.01) and effective ammonia clearance ( r = −0.791, p < 0.01). When cell viability was below 60% P450IA1 activity could not be recorded and nitrogen elimination activity significantly diminished. In contrast to PPH, ammonia levels were markedly increased for C3A cells in all culture media tested ( p < 0.01). Ammonia increase correlated with C3A viability ( r = 0.896, p < 0.05). PPH metabolic function was superior to that of the C3A cell line when evaluated by P450IA1 activity, ammonia removal, and amino acid metabolism. When PPH were incubated in human plasma (HP) or human serum (HS) there was rapid and irreversible deterioration of viability occurring within 9 h. This toxic effect could be prevented by the inactivation of complement. When sodium citrate dissolved in dextrose was added to medium, there was considerable damage to both PPH and the C3A cell line. However, there was no demonstrable toxic effect when hepatic cells of either type were exposed to heparin. We conclude that PPH cultivated in complement-inactivated HP or HS are to be preferred to C3A for clinical application of BALSS, and that heparin should be preferred for anticoagulation in BALSS. © 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.
BugNet: Recording Application-Level Execution for Deterministic Replay Debugging (2006)

With software's increasing complexity, providing efficient hardware support for software debugging is critical. Hardware support is necessary to observe and capture, with little or no overhead, the exact execution of a program. Providing this ability to developers will allow them to deterministically replay and debug an application to pin-point the root cause of a bug.
Vascular Tumors Induced by Polyoma Virus in Pregnant Rats 2 (1976)

Female R rats mated with an R male and inoculated in utero with polyoma virus after "fetectomy" developed tumors. These tumors originated in the uterus and were of fetal origin (visceral yolk sac). Histologically, they were hemangiomas or hemangiosarcomas. The latter were transplantable and grew in tissue culture. Infectious polyoma virus could not be isolated from the tumor cells kept as transplantable lines or cultured in vitro. However, the tumor cells were positive for the polyoma-specific surface antigen, polyoma tumor-specific transplantation antigen(s), and polyoma nuclear T antigen.
Yield and quality of canola seed as affected by stage of maturity at swathing (2007)

Swathing is an important canola (Brassica napus L.) harvest operation in western Canada. The determination of the optimum timing for this operation is worth considering, as premature swathing may lead to reduced seed yield and quality. Seed yield and quality of three canola cultivars (44A89, AC Excel and Ebony), as affected by two seeding dates and several harvest times (six or eight swathing times and one direct combined treatment) was investigated on a Black Chernozem silty loam soil at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, during 1998, 2000 and 2001. Seed yield, weight, protein content (oil-free meal basis) and oil content generally increased with seed development and swathing time. Early seeding was more conducive to achieving higher seed yield, especially in good growing conditions, and resulted in heavier mature seeds with higher oil content. Seed oil composition also changed during seed development. The proportion of oleic (C18:1) and linolenic (C18:3) acids increased, while that of myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), stearic (C18:0), linoleic (C18:2) and ara chidic (C20:0) acids decreased. The levels of the long chain fatty acids eicosenoic (C20:1) and erucic (C22:1) acids were unaffected. However, the overall amount of fatty acids synthesized (mg 100 seeds -1 ) increased as seeds matured. Swathing was advantageous over direct combining in preventing weather-induced shattering. Key words: Brassica napus, canola, fatty acid, oil, protein, seed development, seed quality, shattering, direct combining, swathing
Spectroscopic studies on the conformation of gramicidin A'. Evidence for a new helical conformation (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopic studies on the conformation of gramicidin A'. Evidence for a new helical conformationD. W. Urry, D. F. Mayers, and J. HaiderCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 4, 487–493Publication Date (Print):February 15, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00754a002https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00754a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Breakdown of High-Performance Monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> Transistors (2012)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS(2)) are extremely interesting for integration in nanoelectronic devices where they represent the ultimate limit of miniaturization in the vertical direction. Thanks to the presence of a band gap and subnanometer thickness, monolayer MoS(2) can be used for the fabrication of transistors exhibiting extremely high on/off ratios and very low power dissipation. Here, we report on the development of 2D MoS(2) transistors with improved performance due to enhanced electrostatic control. Our devices show currents in the 100 μA/μm range and transconductance exceeding 20 μS/μm as well as current saturation. We also record electrical breakdown of our devices and find that MoS(2) can support very high current densities, exceeding the current-carrying capacity of copper by a factor of 50. Our results push the performance limit of MoS(2) and open the way to their use in low-power and low-cost analog and radio frequency circuits.
Multivariate analysis of statistically poor EDXRD spectra for the detection of concealed explosives (1998)

Energy dispersive x-ray diffraction (EDXRD) has been developed as a tool for the detection of explosives in passenger baggage. The measured spectra result from the combined diffraction from each of the materials within a scattering volume. Multivariate regression was used to identify known components within very noisy data, permitting the rapid detection of explosive materials in the presence of overlying media for security screening applications. Explosives can be positively identified in spectra containing as few as several hundred counts and the error associated with the prediction is consistent from statistically reliable data (106 integrated counts) down to spectra containing in the region of 103 counts. This analysis can be employed in any situation where qualitative information is required from poor quality spectral data. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Covalent Bonding of Phosphonates of <scp>L</scp>‐Proline and <scp>L</scp>‐Cysteine to γ‐Zirconium Phosphate (2004)

Abstract This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of γ‐zirconium phosphate‐phosphonates based on chiral N ‐phosphonomethyl‐ L ‐proline [(−)‐HO 3 PCH 2 NHC 4 H 7 CO 2 H; H 3 PMP] from L ‐proline, and N ‐phosphonomethyl‐1,3‐thiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid [(−)‐HO 3 PCH 2 NHCH 2 SC 2 H 3 CO 2 H; H 3 PMTA] from L ‐cysteine. Two compounds formulated as [Zr(PO 4 )(H 2 PO 4 ) 0.53 (H 2 PMP) 0.47 ·2.0H 2 O] [γ‐ZrPMP ( 1 )] and [Zr(PO 4 )(H 2 PO 4 ) 0.50 (H 2 PMT) 0.50 ·1.6H 2 O] [γ‐ZrPMT ( 2 )] were obtained by topotactic reaction of H 3 PMP and H 3 PMTA, respectively, with γ‐ZrP in the presence of water/acetone. They possess intercalation capabilities and optical activities. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
The complement system in central nervous system diseases (2006)

The activation of complement system is important factor in inflammatory, neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. CNS cells are able to synthesize complement components, and myelin and oligodendrocytes (OLG) are known to activate the classical pathway of complement in vitro in the absence of antibodies. Although activation of the complement system is known to promote tissue injury, recent evidence has also indicated that this process can have neuroprotective effects. In particular, terminal C5b-9 complexes enhance OLG survival both in vitro and in vivo. Complement activation may also reduce the accumulation of amyloid and degenerating neurons by promoting their clearance and suggest that certain inflammatory defense mechanisms in the brain may be beneficial in neurodegenerative disease. Complement system activation plays also an important role in brain damage after ischemic injury or head trauma. These findings strongly suggest that complement activation and membrane assembly of C5b-9 can play a role in injury but can also provide neuroprotection depending on the pathophysiological context.
Effect of Mincing on the Quality Characteristics of Chevon Cutlets (2014)

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of mincing and added water on the quality characteristics of chevon cutlets. The lean meat was minced once, twice and thrice, respectively through 4 mm plate to evaluate the effect of mincing on physic-chemical and sensory parameters. A significant effect of mincing was observed with the highest scores for juiciness and texture for the products developed from twice minced lean meat. Thus, good quality chevon cutlets could be prepared by mincing the lean meat twice and with incorporation of 5% shredded potato and 3% added water from tough and less palatable chevon.
An Activity from Mammalian Cells That Untwists Superhelical DNA—A Possible Swivel For DNA Replication (1972)

Nuclei from secondary mouse-embryo cells contain an activity capable of untwisting closed-circular DNAs containing either negative or positive superhelical turns. The activity has no apparent effect on a closed-circular DNA containing no superhelical turns, and is not due to the combined action of an endonuclease and polynucleotide ligase. The enzyme apparently acts by introducing a single-strand nick into the DNA, forming a DNA-enzyme complex that allows the strands to rotate relative to the helix axis before reversing the reaction and sealing the break. The enzyme might possibly serve as a swivel during DNA replication.
Molecular and phenotypic analyses of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (2005)

Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into cardiomyocytes in culture may offer unique opportunities for modeling genetic disorders, screening potentially cardiotoxic pharmaceutical agents or replacing cells of the diseased heart. However, before clinical utility can be realized, numerous hurdles must be overcome. Comprehensive molecular and phenotypic characterization is required but has so far been restricted to cardiomyocytes derived from a limited subset of hESC lines. Thus, we have initiated analysis of cardiomyocyte differentiation and function from a further two independently derived lines, BG01 and HUES-7. The challenge of improving cardiac cell induction, enrichment and maturation must also be addressed to meet the demands of high throughput pharmaceutical screening or to provide sufficient cells to repair an infarcted heart. Transplanted cells must functionally integrate without inducing arrhythmias, while survival and evasion of immune surveillance must be accomplished without tumorigenicity. This review evaluates the opportunities presented by hESC-derived cardiomyocytes and the progress towards surmounting the challenges of clinical translation.
Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenases in Acinetobacter sp. strain HO1-N: role in hexadecanol metabolism (1985)

The role of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenases (FALDHs) in hexadecane and hexadecanol metabolism was studied in Acinetobacter sp. strain HO1-N. Two distinct FALDHs were demonstrated in Acinetobacter sp. strain HO1-N: a membrane-bound, NADP-dependent FALDH activity induced 5-, 15-, and 9-fold by growth on hexadecanol, dodecyl aldehyde, and hexadecane, respectively, and a constitutive, NAD-dependent, membrane-localized FALDH. The NADP-dependent FALDH exhibited apparent Km and Vmax values for decyl aldehyde of 5.0, 13.0, 18.0, and 18.3 microM and 537.0, 500.0, 25.0, and 38.0 nmol/min in hexadecane-, hexadecanol-, ethanol-, palmitate-grown cells, respectively. FALDH isozymes ald-a, ald-b, and ald-c were demonstrated by gel electrophoresis in extracts of hexadecane- and hexadecanol-grown cells. ald-a, ald-b, and ald-d were present in dodecyl aldehyde-grown cells, while palmitate-grown control cells contained ald-b and ald-d. Dodecyl aldehyde-negative mutants were isolated and grouped into two phenotypic classes based on growth: class 1 mutants were hexadecane and hexadecanol negative and class 2 mutants were hexadecane and hexadecanol positive. Specific activity of NADP-dependent FALDH in Ald21 (class 1 mutant) was 85% lower than that of wild-type FALDH, while the specific activity of Ald24 (class 2 mutant) was 55% greater than that of wild-type FALDH. Ald21R, a dodecyl aldehyde-positive revertant able to grow on hexadecane, hexadecanol, and dodecyl aldehyde, exhibited a 100% increase in the specific activity of the NADP-dependent FALDH. The oxidation of [3H]hexadecane byAld21 yielded the accumulation of 61% more fatty aldehyde than the wild type, while Ald24 accumulated 27% more fatty aldehyde, 95% more fatty alcohol, and 65% more wax ester than the wild type. This study provides genetic and physiological evidence for the role of fatty aldehyde as an essential metabolic intermediate and NADP-dependent FALDH as a key enzyme in the dissimilation of hexadecane, hexadecanol, and dodecyl aldehyde in Acinetobactor sp. strain HO1-N.
Safety Effectiveness of Intersection Left- and Right-Turn Lanes (2003)

The results of research involving a well-designed before-and-after evaluation of the safety effects of providing left- and right-turn lanes for at-grade intersections are presented. Geometric design, traffic control, traffic volume, and traffic accident data were gathered for a total of 280 improved intersections as well as 300 similar intersections that were not improved during the study period. The types of improvement projects evaluated included installation of added left-turn lanes, added right-turn lanes, and extension of the length of existing left- or right-turn lanes. An observational before-and-after evaluation of these projects was performed by using several alternative evaluation approaches. Three contrasting approaches to before-and-after evaluation were used: the yoked comparison or matched-pair approach, the comparison group approach, and the empirical Bayes approach. The research not only evaluated the safety effectiveness of left- and right-turn lane improvements but also compared the performances of these three alternative approaches in making such evaluations. The research developed quantitative safety effectiveness measures for installation design improvements involving added left-turn lanes and added right-turn lanes. The research concluded that the empirical Bayes method provides the most accurate and reliable results. Further use of this method is recommended.
Laparoscopic General Surgery (1994)

Over the past five years, a revolution has taken place in general surgery requiring the retraining of tens of thousands of surgeons and the retooling of their operating rooms. This startling change has come about because of the rapid acceptance of laparoscopic techniques for therapeutic intervention, particularly removal of the gallbladder. The term “laparoscopy” (from the Greek laparo, the flank, and skopein, to examine) refers to the visual examination of the abdominal cavity by means of an endoscope or telescope (the laparoscope). Laparoscopic surgery is a means of performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures after gaining access to the abdominal cavity. . . .
Automated LAL Testing of Parenteral Drugs in the Abbott MS-2 (1982)

A variety of large and small volume parenteral drugs were screened for amenability to automated pyrogen testing with Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL). The multiple spectrophotometer simultaneously incubates up to 88 samples per module at 35 °C, and reads and records the optical density of each reaction mixture at 1 -min intervals. The recorded data were used to define standard endotoxin-LAL reaction kinetics. Each parenteral drug was characterized by whether or not it modified these standard kinetics. Those drugs that did not alter the standard kinetics were testable in the instrument without sample modification. Those drugs that did alter the standard kinetics fell into three categories: they either inhibited the LAL reaction, enhanced the reaction, or precipitated in the presence of LAL. Generally, these drugs became testable after minor modifications such as dilution or adjustment of pH. Some drugs were not testable with this system. The initial and complete characterization of each parenteral drug is extremely important to eliminate apparent false positive or false negative results. The system is ideal for rapid characterization of parenteral drugs and for defining those factors that modify the reaction in the presence of the drug. Methods of characterization and interpretation of data will be stressed in this presentation.
Blood glucose and serum C-peptide after a single chlorpropamide dose. (1984)

A single chlorpropamide dose, when compared to placebo, reduced blood glucose in volunteers during fasting and glucagon stimulation without increase in pancreatic beta cell secretion. The finding suggests that extrapancreatic mechanisms may play a substantial role in the chlorpropamide action also after a single drug dose.