gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Continuous-Infusion Interleukin-2 with Ex Vivo-Activated Killer Cells (1992)

High-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) results in tumor responses in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma ranging from 9 to 31%. Continuous infusion regimens of rIL-2 may be less toxic and may result in greater in vivo lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell production. The current trial used a continuous infusion of rIL-2 with ex vivo LAK cells. These cells were pretreated with phenylalanine methyl ester to remove monocytes to allow cell culture at higher concentrations. Twenty-three patients were entered into the trial. Two patients had complete responses (9%) lasting 15+ and 20+ months. Four patients had partial responses (17%) of 9+, 6+, 3, and 3 months, respectively. One partial responder at 9+ months had only minimal residual retroperitoneal disease that may represent scar tissue. All responders had prior nephrectomies. All but one of the responding patients completed a full cycle of rIL-2 at the highest (starting) dose, 6 x 10(6) U/m2. This rIL-2/LAK regimen appears to be an effective therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Novel mass spectrometric sampling device. Hollow fiber probe (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel mass spectrometric sampling device. Hollow fiber probeL. B. Westover, J. C. Tou, and J. H. MarkCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 4, 568–571Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60340a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60340a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DNA polymerization in the absence of exonucleolytic proofreading: in vivo and in vitro studies. (1991)

Classical genetic selection was combined with site-directed mutagenesis to study bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase 3'----5' exonuclease activity. A mutant DNA polymerase with very little (less than or equal to 1%) 3'----5' exonuclease activity was generated. In vivo, the 3'----5' exonuclease-deficient DNA polymerase produced the highest level of spontaneous mutation observed in T4, 500- to 1800-fold above that of wild type. The large reduction in 3'----5' exonuclease activity appears to be due to two amino acid substitutions: Glu-191 to Ala and Asp-324 to Gly. Protein sequence similarities have been observed between sequences in the Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I 3'----5' exonuclease domain and conserved sequences in eukaryotic, viral, and phage DNA polymerases. It has been proposed that the conserved sequences contain metal ion binding ligands that are required for 3'----5' exonuclease activity; however, we find that some proposed T4 DNA polymerase metal binding residues are not essential for 3'----5' exonuclease activity. Thus, our T4 DNA polymerase studies do not support the hypothesis by Bernad et al. [Bernad, A., Blanco, L., Lazaro, J.M., Martin, G. & Salas, M. (1989) Cell 59, 219-228] that many DNA polymerases, including T4 DNA polymerase, share an extensively conserved 3'----5' exonuclease motif. Therefore, extrapolation from E. coli DNA polymerase I sequence and structure to other DNA polymerases for which there is no structural information may not be valid.
Persuasive Design and Building User Engagement (2011)

To perform well, buildings require not only good design and construction but also good operation - and designers cannot dismiss operation as the solely the responsibility of occupants. All our designs are teaching or reinforcing behaviours in building occupants, therefore the question to ask ourselves, as designers, is what messages are we sending? This paper presents a conceptual framework for analysis of persuasive designs and applies it to a wide range of examples designed to support or encourage particular behaviours in building users, particularly those which optimise environmental performance.
Properties of Wheat Gluten/Poly(lactic acid) Laminates (2010)

Laminates of compression-molded glycerol-plasticized wheat gluten (WG) films surrounded and supported by poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films have been produced and characterized. The objective was to obtain a fully renewable high gas barrier film with sufficient mechanical integrity to function in, for example, extrusion-coating paper/board applications. It was shown that the lamination made it possible to make films with a broad range of glycerol contents (0-30 wt %) with greater strength than single unsupported WG films. The low plasticizer contents yielded laminates with very good oxygen barrier properties. In addition, whereas the unsupported WG films had an immeasurably high water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), the laminate showed values that were finite and surprisingly, in several cases, also lower than that of PLA. Besides being a mechanical support (as evidenced by bending and tensile data) and a shield between the WG and surrounding moisture, the PLA layer also prevented the loss of the glycerol plasticizer from the WG layer. This was observed after the laminate had been aged on an "absorbing" blotting paper for up to 17 weeks. The interlayer adhesion (peel strength) decreased with decreasing glycerol content and increasing WG film molding temperature (130 degrees C instead of 110 degrees C). The latter effect was probably due to a higher protein aggregation, as revealed by infrared spectroscopy. The lamination temperature (110-140 degrees C) did not, however, have a major effect on the final peel strength.
Adsorption Equilibria of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, and Ar on High Silica Zeolites (2011)

Adsorption equilibria of CO2, CH4, N2, O2, and Ar were determined on three lab-synthesized ZSM-5 adsorbents and four commercially available high silica zeolites including HiSiv-3000, HSZ-980HOA, HSZ-890HOA, and HSZ-390HUA. The synthesized ZSM-5 samples have a similar pore textural property (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume) as that of HiSiv-3000. The BET surface areas and total pore volume of the ZSM-5 sample were found to be ∼300 m2·g–1 and 0.2 cm3·g–1, respectively. The synthesized materials have relatively higher adsorption capacities than those of HiSiv-3000 for the gases studied in this work. The order of adsorption capacities of CO2, CH4, N2, Ar, and O2 on each high silica zeolite follows the order of their polarizabilities. The selectivities of N2/O2 and Ar/O2 pairs are close to 1.0, suggesting that it is very difficult to separate them by equilibrium-based adsorption processes. HSZ-890HOA and synthesized DT-100 showed higher equilibrium selectivities for CO2 over N2 and CH4, implying that they are potential adsorbents for CO2 separation from flue gases as well as landfill gases.
Las ciencias de la comunicación y las ciencias de la UNESCO (2000)

"Parece que nadie pone en duda la importancia de los Medios de Comunicación en la sociedad actual, no sólo desde una perspectiva cultural, artística, educativa, sino también económica, política, social y tecnológica. Los medios han anclado sus raíces en la realidad social de tal manera que ésta no puede explicarse sin su presencia. Los medios de comunicación ya son lo cotidiano, forman parte de nuestro escenario vital. No sólo representan la realidad, sino que ellos mismos son realidad. "
Geometrical Optics of Beams with Vortices: Berry Phase and Orbital Angular Momentum Hall Effect (2006)

We consider propagation of a paraxial beam carrying the spin angular momentum (polarization) and intrinsic orbital angular momentum (IOAM) in a smoothly inhomogeneous isotropic medium. It is shown that the presence of IOAM can dramatically enhance and rearrange the topological phenomena that previously were considered solely in connection to the polarization of transverse waves. In particular, the appearance of a new type of Berry phase that describes the parallel transport of the beam structure along a curved ray is predicted. We derive the ray equations demonstrating the splitting of beams with different values of IOAM. This is the orbital angular momentum Hall effect, which resembles the Magnus effect for optical vortices. Unlike the spin Hall effect of photons, it can be much larger in magnitude and is inherent to waves of any nature. Experimental means to detect the phenomena are discussed.
Properties of HfO[sub 2] Thin Films Grown by ALD from Hafnium tetrakis(ethylmethylamide) and Water (2004)

films were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) from and on Si(100) substrates. The thickness of 5-45 nm thick films on HF-etched Si was proportional to the number of growth cycles. Crystallization was observed in the 30-45 nm thick films, containing the monoclinic polymorph. Films with thicknesses lower than 10 nm were amorphous. The effective permittivity of the dielectric films varied between 6.5 and 17. The leakage and capacitive characteristics did not show any clear dependence on the growth temperature. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
CCL25-CCR9 interaction modulates ovarian cancer cell migration, metalloproteinase expression, and invasion (2010)

These results demonstrate both biological significance and clinical relevance of CCL25 and CCR9 interactions in OvCa cell metastasis.
Textural and Catalytic Properties of MCM-22 Zeolite Crystallized by the Vapor-Phase Transport Method (2004)

Abstract MCM-22 zeolite crystallized by the vapor-phase transport (VPT) method showed a higher shape-selectivity to p-xylene in the alkylation of toluene with methanol, compared with MCM-22 crystallized by the hydrothermally synthetic (HTS) method, because VPT-MCM-22 has a smaller external surface area and a smaller number of acid sites thereon than HTS-MCM-22. Such textural properties of VPT-MCM-22 are caused by the fact that the spherical particles of VPT-MCM-22 are composed of hexagonal plates as thin as 55 nm; they are larger than those of HTS-MCM-22, which are 30 nm thick. The acidic properties, characterized by NH3-TPD and FT-IR using a pyridine adsorption technique, showed no significant difference between VPT- and HTS-MCM-22, except for the acidity on the external surface.
Positive Effects of Hydrogen Water on 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice (2014)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing, pruritic, eczematous skin disorder accompanying allergic inflammation. AD is triggered by oxidative stress and immune imbalance. In the present study, we investigated the effect of drinking hydrogen water (HW) on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice and found that HW ameliorated DNCB-induced AD-like clinical symptoms. In line with this, the level of reactive oxygen species in the HW group was significantly inhibited compared with that in the purified water (PW) group. In parallel, HW enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity in DNCB-induced AD as compared with the PW group. Accordingly, the levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and cytokines were significantly decreased in the HW group compared with the PW group. Notably, the levels of Th2 cytokine, interleukin-5 (IL-5), and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6 in HW-fed mice were significantly lower than in control and PW-fed mice. The total serum immunoglobulin E level was also markedly reduced in the HW group. The collective results indicate that HW suppresses DNCB-induced AD in NC/Nga mice via redox balance and immune modulation and could be a safe clinical fluid treatment for AD.
Use of Raman Spectroscopy to Evaluate the Selectivity of Bifunctional Anion Exchange Resins for Perchlorate (2008)

Raman spectroscopy is used to evaluate the selectivity of two bifunctional anion exchange resins, Purolite A-530 and Amberlite PWA-2. It was found that the adsorption of anions on the resins is described by a Frumkin isotherm, which is determined by the ion pair constant, K, and the Frumkin parameter, g. The ion pair constant, K, is a measure of the strength of interaction between the resin and the anion and the Frumkin parameter, g, takes into account interactions between adsorbed anions. Although both resins have a polystyrene backbone and trihexylammonium and triethylammonium functional groups, the Purolite A-530 resin exhibits greater selectivity for perchlorate. The only discernable differences between the two resins is that the Amberlite PWA-2 has a higher trihexylamine content and the Purolite A-530 resin exhibits greater cross-linking. How the trihexylamine/triethylamine content and the degree of cross-linking affects the performance of these resins is discussed.
An atomic resolution view of ICAM recognition in a complex between the binding domains of ICAM-3 and integrin α<sub>L</sub>β<sub>2</sub> (2005)

Within the Ig superfamily (IgSF), intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) form a subfamily that binds the leukocyte integrin alphaLbeta2. We report a 1.65-A-resolution crystal structure of the ICAM-3 N-terminal domain (D1) in complex with the inserted domain, the ligand-binding domain of alphaLbeta2. This high-resolution structure and comparisons among ICAM subfamily members establish that the binding of ICAM-3 D1 onto the inserted domain represents a common docking mode for ICAM subfamily members. The markedly different off-rates of ICAM-1, -2, and -3 appear to be determined by the hydrophobicity of residues that surround a metal coordination bond in the alphaLbeta2-binding interfaces. Variation in composition of glycans on the periphery of the interfaces influences on-rate.
Activation of VPAC<sub>1</sub> receptors by VIP and PACAP‐27 in human bronchial epithelial cells induces CFTR‐dependent chloride secretion (2004)

1. In the human airway epithelium, VIP/PACAP receptors are distributed in nerve fibers and in epithelial cells but their role in transepithelial ion transport have not been reported. Here, we show that human bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells expressed the VPAC(1) receptor subtype which shares similar high affinity for VIP and PACAP-27. 2. The stoichiometric binding parameters characterizing the (125)I-VIP and (125)I-PACAP-27 binding to these receptors were determined. 3. We found that VIP (EC(50) approximately 7.6 nM) and PACAP-27 (EC(50) approximately 10 nM) stimulated glibenclamide-sensitive and DIDS-insensitive iodide efflux in Calu-3 cells. 4. The protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H-89 and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, chelerythrine chloride prevented activation by both peptides demonstrating that PKA and PKC are part of the signaling pathway. This profile corresponds to the pharmacological signature of CFTR. 5. In the cystic fibrosis airway epithelial IB3-1 cell lacking functional CFTR but expressing VPAC(1) receptors, neither VIP, PACAP-27 nor forskolin stimulated chloride transport. 6. Ussing chamber experiments demonstrated stimulation of CFTR-dependent short-circuit currents by VIP or PACAP-27 applied to the basolateral but not to the apical side of Calu-3 cells monolayers. 7. This study shows the stimulation in human bronchial epithelial cells of CFTR-dependent chloride secretion following activation by VIP and PACAP-27 of basolateral VPAC(1) receptors.
Confocal Raman microspectroscopy as an analytical tool to assess the mitochondrial status in human spermatozoa (2010)

Confocal Raman microspectroscopy was used to investigate human sperm cells. Raman mapping with a 532 nm excitation laser allowed to unambiguously characterize the nucleus, the neck, and, in particular, the mitochondria-rich middle piece of a human sperm cell. The effect of ultraviolet radiation on different organelles of the sperm was quantified by localized spectral Raman signatures obtained within milliseconds. Chemical changes within the sub-cellular structure of the sperm cells were recorded as a function of ultraviolet light exposure time, showing the proof-of-principle that Raman microspectroscopy can be a fast diagnostic method for detecting the mitochondrial and motility status of human spermatozoa.
Sliding Mode Control of a Mechanical Speed Sensorless dc Motor Drive Fed from a Current Controlled Chopper (2002)

This article deals with performance analysis and implementation of a four-quadrant chopper fed dc motor drive system. Control structure of the system is effected through a digital processor. The closed-loop control scheme of the drive utilizes the sliding mode controller (SMC) in its outer speed loop, while the inner loop is equipped with the Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) hysteresis current controller. An algorithmis evolved to eliminate the mechanical speed sensor. To simulate performance of the drive system, a mathematical model is developed. An experimental verification is carried out for the simulated performance.
Beyond Joseph Needham: Science, technology and medicine in East and Southeast Asia (1998)

Devoted to the history of non-Western science, technology and medicine, this volume goes beyond the legacy of the late historian, Joseph Needham, by covering a range of countries and by adopting new approaches. The chapters address topics in China, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand. However, the contributors do not view the histories of these countries in isolation. Many adopt a cross-cultural approach by tracing interaction with other Asian countries and the West. The volume begins by providing an overview of science and civilization in Asia. This is followed by focuses essays which deal with aspects of science, technology and medicine in specific countries.
Phospholipid, Nature's own slide and cover slip for cryo‐electron microscopy (1989)

Thin films of surface-active compounds, with or without particulate material, can be obtained by immersing and withdrawing a bare specimen grid from a solution/suspension of the compound. Immediately after withdrawing the grid, thinning of the film starts. Thinning is initially powered by gravity and capillary forces and will proceed in thin films (less than 100 nm) driven by intermolecular forces until the London-van der Waals attractive forces come to an equilibrium with electrostatic repulsion of similarly charged surfaces of the film. With small unilamellar vesicles prepared from the phospholipid dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline (DMPC) the draining behaviour of these films was studied by cryo-electron microscopy. Small unilamellar vesicles were observed within the film as well as the coalescence of these vesicles into sheets ('leaky' membrane fusion). Sheets dominate the images when films are allowed to drain for longer periods (greater than 3 min). Thin films were formed on grids from catalase crystals suspended in a DMPC suspension and vitrified by cooling. High-resolution information was obtained by electron diffraction at low temperature and under low-dose conditions from catalase crystals surrounded by small vesicles as well as from catalase crystals surrounded by sheets of DMPC. In the latter case the water content drops from 99% (DMPC in small vesicles) to less than 30% (DMPC in sheets) during draining. Ferritin was added to a DMPC suspension and thin films were prepared and vitrified. After prolonged draining ferritin molecules were deposited in layers with a stepwise increase in thickness. Draining of thin films has thus a dehydrating effect as well as a sorting and ordering effect. These effects must be considered when using surface-active compounds at air-water interfaces as a slide and cover slip for electron microscopy.
An Experimental Study on Using Electronically Scanning Microwave Radar Systems on Surface Mining Machines (2007)

Using a series-model of an automotive short range radar sensor (SRR) and a recently completed experimental radar system, field tests have been performed in a surface mine. It was examined, to what extent low-cost electronically scanning radar sensors can provide useful data for assistance systems in large scale mining machines. The series SRR sensor using mono-pulse principles for cross range measurement, proved to be useful to supervise the safety zone of a bucket wheel excavator. The more complex and sophisticated experimental radar system using digital beam-forming for cross range processing, can clearly detect and map the contours of trenches and escarpments. The overall promising results refer to many more potential applications for electronically scanning radar in surface mining and motivate to adapt the experimental sensor for such applications.
NIR to Visible Upconversion in Nanocrystalline and Bulk Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Er<sup>3+</sup> (2002)

In this paper we investigate the upconversion luminescence of bulk and nanocrystalline Lu1.98Er0.02O3 following excitation into the 4I11/2 level using 980 nm radiation. After NIR continuous wave excitation, blue, green, and red emissions were observed for both samples under investigation with the green emission dominating the upconversion spectrum. A power study reveals that the 4S3/2 (green) and 4F9/2 (red) emitting levels are populated via two-photon excited-state absorption (ESA) and energy-transfer upconversion (ETU) processes. Upconversion from the 2P3/2 level is attained via a three-step phonon-assisted energy-transfer process. A marked temperature dependence of the excited-state lifetimes in both the bulk and nanocrystalline samples was evidenced.
Ultrasonic imaging of defects in coarse-grained steels with the decomposition of the time reversal operator (2016)

In the present work, the Synthetic Transmit Aperture (STA) imaging is combined with the Decomposition of the Time Reversal Operator (DORT) method to image a coarse grained austenitic-ferritic steel using a contact transducer array. The highly heterogeneous structure of this material produces a strong scattering noise in ultrasound images. Furthermore, the surface waves guided along the array interfere with the bulk waves backscattered by defects. In order to overcome these problems, the DORT method is applied before calculating images with the STA algorithm. The method consists in analyzing in the frequency domain the singular values and singular vectors of the full array transfer matrix. This paper first presents an analysis of the singular values of different waves contained in the data acquisition, which facilitates the identification of the subspace associated with the surface guided waves for filtering operations. Then, a filtered matrix is defined where the contribution of structural noise and guided waves are reduced. Finally, in the time domain, the STA algorithm is applied to this matrix in order to calculate an image with reduced structural noise. Experiments demonstrate that this filtering improves the signal-to-noise ratio by more than 12 dB in comparison with the STA image before filtering.