gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effect of data pre-treatment procedures on classical pattern recognition and principal components analysis: a case study for the geographical classification of tea (2001)

A simple transformation that uses the half-range and central value has been used as a data pre-treatment procedure for principal component analysis (PCA) and pattern recognition techniques. The results obtained have been compared with the results from classical normalisation of data (mean normalisation, maximum normalisation and range normalisation), autoscaling and the minimum-maximum transformation. Three data sets were used in the study. The first was formed by determining 17 elements in 53 tea samples (901 pieces of data). The second and third data sets arose from two long-term drift studies performed to examine instrumental stability at standard and robust conditions. The instruments used were an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Each drift diagnosis experiment consisted of replicate determinations of a test solution containing 15 analytes at 10 mg l-1 over 8 h without recalibration. Twenty-nine emission lines were determined 99 times, thus, each data set was formed by 2881 pieces of data. Data pre-treatment was applied to the three data sets prior to the use of principal component analysis, cluster analysis, linear discrimination analysis and soft independent modelling of class analogy. The study revealed that the half-range and central value transformation resulted in a better classification of the tea samples than that achieved using the classical normalisation. The loadings in the PCA for the long-term stability study, under both standard and robust conditions, were found to be similar to the drift trends only when the minimum-maximum transformation and the mean or maximum normalizations were used as data pre-treatments.
Electrically Powered Propulsion: Comparison and Contrast to Gas Turbines (2012)

In view of the strategic goals for aeronautical research recently established by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the European Commission, radically new technology concepts for the provision of motive power to future transport category aircraft need to be considered. As a possible means of ultra-low or zero in-flight emission and a potential long-term alternative to gas turbines, the prospect of utilizing electrically driven motors for motive power are starting to be seriously considered for aerospace vehicle design and integration. In this paper, a forward-looking pre-concept review is given in order to identify the potential applicability of electrically based propulsion in the future. Electric power plant technology is compared and contrasted to advanced gas turbine technology including a variety of technical aspects, such as power plant sizing and performance characteristics as well as aircraft integration and operation. Therefore, a unified theoretical treatment including system boundary definition, efficiency book-keeping and appropriate figures of merit at propulsion system as well as vehicular performance level is introduced and applied. 1.
Scavenger receptor CD36 mediates uptake of high density lipoproteins in mice and by cultured cells (2011)

The mechanisms of HDL-mediated cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues to the liver are incompletely defined. Here the function of scavenger receptor cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) for HDL uptake by the liver was investigated. CD36 knockout (KO) mice, which were the model, have a 37% increase (P = 0.008) of plasma HDL cholesterol compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. To explore the mechanism of this increase, HDL metabolism was investigated with HDL radiolabeled in the apolipoprotein (¹²⁵I) and cholesteryl ester (CE, [³H]) moiety. Liver uptake of [³H] and ¹²⁵I from HDL decreased in CD36 KO mice and the difference, i. e. hepatic selective CE uptake ([³H]¹²⁵I), declined (-33%, P = 0.0003) in CD36 KO compared with WT mice. Hepatic HDL holo-particle uptake (¹²⁵I) decreased (-29%, P = 0.0038) in CD36 KO mice. In vitro, uptake of ¹²⁵I-/[³H]HDL by primary liver cells from WT or CD36 KO mice revealed a diminished HDL uptake in CD36-deficient hepatocytes. Adenovirus-mediated expression of CD36 in cells induced an increase in selective CE uptake from HDL and a stimulation of holo-particle internalization. In conclusion, CD36 plays a role in HDL uptake in mice and by cultured cells. A physiologic function of CD36 in HDL metabolism in vivo is suggested.
Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (1989)

NMR chemical shift imaging - principles and applications metabolically responsive contrast agents steady state free precession - an overview of basic concepts and applications an inverse problem for in vivo NMR spatial localization goal directed magnetic resonance imaging - clinical practice and computer implementation supercomputers and magnetic resonance imaging.
Economical Equidistant Pulse Firing Scheme for Thyristorized DC Drives (1975)

From the literature published, six different gate firing schemes are available for three-phase thyristor Graetz bridge converters employing equidistant pulses. All these thyristor firing schemes have been developed with particular attention to the special control requirements of converters used in a high voltage dc transmission scheme. Herein is described a new simple equidistant pulse firing scheme intended to be economically quite competitive to the presently existing individual phase control circuits used in three-phase converter circuits for industrial applications. The princidple of operation and the circuit details of the firing circuit are described. Experimental results obtained on a laboratory dc drive of capacity 3 KVA are discussed.
Simplified applications for network computers (1997)

This paper describes the design of HotJava Views, a user environment and suite of applications for a Network Computer. A Network Computer differs from the common Personal Computer in that it has no permanent local storage, but instead obtains its software and data as needed over the network from a central server. We have abandoned some characteristic features of current GUI interfaces, such as the desktop metaphor, file systems, and the distinction between applications and documents. Our design principles are focused on simplicity, efficiency of operation, clarity of the interaction model, and tight integration between applications.
An Algorithm to Identify Robust Convective Weather Avoidance Polygons in En Route Airspace (2010)

†‡ The paper describes an algorithm for constructing convective weather avoidance polygons. The algorithm combines weather avoidance fields (WAF) from the en route convective weather avoidance model (CWAM) with edges automatically detected in the echo tops field, clustering, convex hull fitting and wind data to build weather avoidance polygons. Results for 2 case days with significantly different weather patterns were classified and studied.
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Pyrrole-Containing Alkanethiols on Gold (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-Assembled Monolayers of Pyrrole-Containing Alkanethiols on GoldCurtis N. Sayre and David M. CollardCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 1, 302–306Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00001a051https://doi.org/10.1021/la00001a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views368Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Iron-Accelerated Cumene Hydroperoxide Decomposition in Hexadecane and Trilaurin Emulsions (1999)

Free radicals arising from lipid peroxides accelerate the oxidative deterioration of foods. To elucidate how lipid peroxides impact oxidative reactions in food emulsions, the stability of cumene hydroperoxide was studied in hexadecane or trilaurin emulsions stabilized by anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS), nonionic (Tween 20), and cationic (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide; DTAB) surfactants. Fe(2+) rapidly (within 10 min) decomposed between 10 and 31% of the cumene hydroperoxide in Tween 20- and DTAB-stabilized emulsions at pH 3.0 and 7.0 and in the SDS-stabilized emulsion at pH 7.0 with no further decomposition of peroxides occurring for up to 3 h. In SDS-stabilized emulsions at pH 3.0, Fe(2+) decreased peroxides by 90% after 3 h. Decomposition of peroxides in the absence of added iron and by Fe(3+) was observed only in SDS-stabilized emulsions at pH 3.0. These results suggest that peroxide decomposition by iron redox cycling occurs when iron emulsion droplet interactions are high.
Optimization of transplastomic production of hemicellulases in tobacco: effects of expression cassette configuration and tobacco cultivar used as production platform on recombinant protein yields (2013)

Our results demonstrate the pivotal importance of the expression cassette design and appropriate tobacco cultivar for high-level transplastomic production of recombinant proteins.
Identification of Constant-Posture EMG–Torque Relationship About the Elbow Using Nonlinear Dynamic Models (2011)

The surface electromyogram (EMG) from biceps and triceps muscles of 33 subjects was related to elbow torque, contrasting EMG amplitude (EMGσ) estimation processors, linear/nonlinear model structures, and system identification techniques. Torque estimation was improved by 1) advanced EMGσ processors (i.e., whitened, multiple-channel signals); 2) longer duration training sets (52 s versus 26 s); and 3) determination of model parameters via pseudoinverse and ridge regression methods. Dynamic, nonlinear parametric models that included second- or third-degree polynomial functions of EMGσ outperformed linear models and Hammerstein/Weiner models. A minimum error of 4.65 ± 3.6% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) flexion was attained using a third-degree polynomial, 28th-order dynamic model, with model parameters determined using the pseudoinverse method with tolerance 5.6 × 10 (-3) on 52 s of four-channel whitened EMG data. Similar performance (4.67 ± 3.7% MVC flexion error) was realized using a second-degree, 18th-order ridge regression model with ridge parameter 50.1.
Feedback regulation of phospholipase C-beta by protein kinase C. (1990)

Treatment of a variety of cells and tissues with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC) results in the inhibition of receptor-coupled inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC) activity. To determine whether or not the targets of TPA-activated PKC include one or more isozymes of PLC, studies were carried out with PC12, C6Bu1, and NIH 3T3 cells, which contain at least three PLC isozymes, PLC-beta, PLC-gamma, and PLC-delta. Treatment of the cells with TPA stimulated the phosphorylation of serine residues in PLC-beta, but the phosphorylation state of PLC-gamma and PLC-delta was not changed significantly. Phosphorylation of bovine brain PLC-beta by PKC in vitro resulted in a stoichiometric incorporation of phosphate at serine 887, without any concomitant effect on PLC-beta activity. We propose, therefore, that rather than having a direct effect on enzyme activity, the phosphorylation of PLC-beta by PKC may alter its interaction with a putative guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein and thereby prevent its activation.
A Near-Optimal Algorithm for L1-Difference (2009)

We give the first L_1-sketching algorithm for integer vectors which produces nearly optimal sized sketches in nearly linear time. This answers the first open problem in the list of open problems from the 2006 IITK Workshop on Algorithms for Data Streams. Specifically, suppose Alice receives a vector x in {-M,...,M}^n and Bob receives y in {-M,...,M}^n, and the two parties share randomness. Each party must output a short sketch of their vector such that a third party can later quickly recover a (1 +/- eps)-approximation to ||x-y||_1 with 2/3 probability given only the sketches. We give a sketching algorithm which produces O(eps^{-2}log(1/eps)log(nM))-bit sketches in O(n*log^2(nM)) time, independent of eps. The previous best known sketching algorithm for L_1 is due to [Feigenbaum et al., SICOMP 2002], which achieved the optimal sketch length of O(eps^{-2}log(nM)) bits but had a running time of O(n*log(nM)/eps^2). Notice that our running time is near-linear for every eps, whereas for sufficiently small values of eps, the running time of the previous algorithm can be as large as quadratic. Like their algorithm, our sketching procedure also yields a small-space, one-pass streaming algorithm which works even if the entries of x,y are given in arbitrary order.
<i>Polistes Gallicus</i> in Massachusetts(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) (1981)

Polistes gallicus (Linnaeus), a common and widespread paper wasp in the palearctic region, has been introduced into the United States in the Boston, Massachusets, area.During 1981 specimens were collected in Cambridge, Somerville, Belmont, and Newton, Massachusetts.P. gallicus was also collected in Cambridge in 1980, but was not seen in Belmont that year (R.J. McGinley, personal communication).
Runup and Rundown of Solitary Waves on Sloping Beaches (1999)

This paper presents a combined experimental and numerical effort to study solitary wave runup and rundown on beaches. Both nonbreaking and breaking solitary waves are investigated. A two-dimensional numerical model that solves both mean flow and turbulence is employed in this study. For the nonbreaking solitary wave on a steep slope, numerical results of the present model are verified by experimental data and numerical results obtained from the boundary integral equation method model, in terms of both velocity distribution and free surface profiles. The characteristics of flow patterns during runup and rundown phases are discussed. The vertical variations of the horizontal velocity component are large at some instances, implying that the shallow water approximation may be inaccurate even for the nonbreaking wave runup and rundown. For the breaking solitary wave on a mild slope, numerical results of the present model are compared with experimental data for free surface displacements. The present model is found to be more accurate than the depth-averaged equations models. Using this numerical model, the mean velocity field and turbulence distribution under the breaking wave are discussed.
Pancreatic Endoderm‐Derived From Diabetic Patient‐Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generates Glucose‐Responsive Insulin‐Secreting Cells (2016)

Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can potentially serve as an invaluable source for cell replacement therapy and allow the creation of patient- and disease-specific stem cells without the controversial use of embryos and avoids any immunological incompatibility. The generation of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells from pluripotent stem cells in vitro provides an unprecedented cell source for personal drug discovery and cell transplantation therapy in diabetes. A new five-step protocol was introduced in this study, effectively induced hiPSCs to differentiate into glucose-responsive insulin-producing cells. This process mimics in vivo pancreatic organogenesis by directing cells through stages resembling definitive endoderm, primitive gut-tube endoderm, posterior foregut, pancreatic endoderm, and endocrine precursor. Each stage of differentiation were characterized by stage-specific markers. The produced cells exhibited many properties of functional β-cells, including expression of critical β-cells transcription factors, the potency to secrete C-peptide in response to high levels of glucose and the presence of mature endocrine secretory granules. This high efficient differentiation protocol, established in this study, yielded 79.18% insulin-secreting cells which were responsive to glucose five times higher than the basal level. These hiPSCs-derived glucose-responsive insulin-secreting cells might provide a promising approach for the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2616-2625, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analyzing Transient Pressure and Rate Responses of Tight Oil Reservoirs Using Comparative Numerical, Analytical and Semi-Analytical Methods (2016)

Abstract Low to ultra-low permeability tight oil reservoirs have recently become a significant source of hydrocarbon supply in North America, Production and pressure transient analysis of tight oil reservoirs is one of the most difficult problems facing a reservoir researcher because of the extreme complexity inherent in tight formations, To produce oil and gas commercially from tight formations, naturally completed (open-holed) or cased horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fractures are the most popular implementation for completion, and such kind of application is expected to create a complex sequence of flow regimes (Chen and Raghavan, 1997; Clarkson and Pederson, 2010). The proper analysis and identification of presence of flow regimes and sequence of emerging flow regimes are essential for obtaining efficient information about hydraulic fracturing optimization and the tight formation characterization. This paper provides a detailed discussion of numerical method of pressure transient and rate responses for hydraulically fractured horizontal wells in tight formation and compared with analytical (semi-analytical) methods based on the Bakken and Viking Formation in Western Saskatchewan. For Numerical simulated pressure transient responses, a naturally-completed (open-hole) and cased horizontal well with multiple transverse hydraulic fractures in a homogeneous or a sizable natural fracture system are considered. Numerical method for pressure and rate transient analysis is generated by employing a commercial reservoir simulator, CMG IMEX, a 3D finite-difference reservoir simulation package which is widely and popularly accepted by petroleum industry. As noted by many findings, it is shown that fully-filled and regional natural fractures would display various pressure transient characteristics and, hence, considerably affects well production performance. In addition, these conductive, interconnected natural fractures dominate the pressure transient performances of horizontal wells in tight formations even with the presence of hydraulic fractures. Additionally, the simulation runs also indicate that if the reservoir is naturally fractured to some extent, hydraulic fracturing stimulation might not improve productivity significantly, unless a large amount of hydraulic fractures and infinite conductivities can be achieved. To demonstrate the feasibility of numerical simulation models, there is a representative contrast between numerical and analytical (semi-analytical) methods. To demonstrate the feasibility of numerical simulation models, there is a representative contrast between numerical and analytical (semi-analytical) methods.
Une Belle Jour En Normandie (1945)

The two soldiers lying on their bellies in the slit trench tried desperately to burrow their bodies deeper in the slime. Bits of wet grass and broken twigs were imbedded in the oozing mire which covered their helmets, raincoats, leggings, and clodhoppers, giving them the protective coloring of their muddy surroundings...
Inverse scattering for a three-dimensional object in the time domain (2003)

An iterative inverse-scattering approach to reconstruction of electrical parameter distributions of a three-dimensional object by using time-domain field data is presented. The approach is the extension of the forward-backward time-stepping algorithm previously proposed for a two-dimensional object. Numerical examples of simulation data are given to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Characterization of a bacteriocinogenic plasmid from Clostridium perfringens and molecular genetic analysis of the bacteriocin-encoding gene (1986)

The bacteriocinogenic plasmid pIP404 from Clostridium perfringens was isolated and cloned in Escherichia coli, and its physical map was deduced. Expression of the bcn gene, encoding bacteriocin BCN5, is inducible by UV irradiation of C. perfringens and thus resembles the SOS-regulated bacteriocin genes of enteric bacteria. The location of bcn on pIP404 was established by a dot-blot procedure, using specific hybridization probes to analyze mRNA samples from induced and uninduced cultures. From the nucleotide sequence of its gene, the molecular weight of BCN5 was deduced to be 96,591, and a protein of this size was secreted by bacteriocin-producing cultures of C. perfringens. The primary structure of the protein suggests that it may function as an ionophore, since a hydrophobic domain, resembling those of the ionophoric colicins, is present at the COOH terminus. No bacteriocin activity could be detected in E. coli harboring plasmids bearing the bcn gene, even when the transcriptional and translational signals were replaced by those of lacZ. A possible explanation may be found in the unusual codon usage of the adenine-thymine-rich bcn gene, as this shows a preference for codons with a high adenine-plus-thymine content, especially in the wobble position. Many of the frequently used codons correspond to those recognized by minor tRNA species in E. coli. Consequently, bcn expression might be limited by tRNA availability in this bacterium.
Incorporating hierarchy in a relational model of data (1989)

We extend the relational model of data to allow classes as attribute values, thereby permitting the representation of hierarchies of objects. Inheritance, including multiple inheritance with exceptions, is clearly supported. Facts regarding classes of objects can be stored and manipulated in the same way as facts regarding object instances. Our model is upwards compatible with the standard relational model.
Advanced Processing Techniques Used for the Development of Dual-Junction Monolithic Interconnected Modules (2010)

Monolithic interconnected modules (MIMs) are large area, high voltage photovoltaic devices, realized through solar cell segments which are series‐connected via interconnection trenches during wafer processing. In the presented research MIM technology is combined with the concept of multi‐junction solar cells in order to increase efficiency. A lattice‐matched and a metamorphic dual‐junction (2J‐) MIM structure are introduced. Furthermore, photovoltaic area losses due to segment interconnection are reduced due to optimized processing and the usage of advanced processing techniques. As a combined result of the research, a metamorphic 2J‐MIM with a maximum efficiency of η = 26.0% at a concentration of 500 suns is presented.
Angiotensin II Induces LOX-1, the Human Endothelial Receptor for Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (1999)

We conclude that LOX-1 is regulated by Ang II in vitro and in vivo, that induction of LOX-1 is mediated by the AT(1) receptor, and that repression of LOX-1 by long-term ACE inhibitor treatment may contribute to the antiatherosclerotic potential of this therapy.