gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Cleaning of Dry-Etching-Damaged Layer of Amorphous Oxide Thin-Film Transistor (2009)

The damage of an amorphous (a-GIZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) due to dry etching was removed by wet-cleaning treatment and characterized in terms of electrical performance. The damaged channel layer by dry etch had lower chemical bonding energy than that of the as-deposited layer due to physical bombardment. It seems to be oxygen deficient and to have a reduction of metal cation. The existence of a damaged layer in the a-GIZO TFT tends to significantly deteriorate threshold voltage, subthreshold swing, and off-current. With the wet-cleaning treatment, however, the damaged layer was successfully removed, thereby revealing significantly recovered electrical performances. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and transmission electron spectroscopy analysis support the evidences such as channel-layer composition, chemical bonding structure, and cross structure.
Local order and global disorder in bidisperse ferrofluids (1995)

We study the magnetization response of a frozen ferrofluid as large-diameter (10-nm) magnetite particles are added to a dilute, random distribution of small-diameter (5-nm) moments. The small dipole moments are free to relax down to low temperatures, while the large dipoles become immobilized when the solvent freezes, acting as a random local field. The glass transition temperature is a sensitive function of the random field concentration, permitting the investigation of the crossover from spin-glass to random-field behavior.
Feasibility of ultra‐short echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging for identification of carious lesions (2011)

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of ultra short echo time imaging for the assessment of caries lesions and early demineralization. 12 patients with suspected caries lesions underwent a dental magnetic resonance imaging investigation comprising ultra short echo time imaging (echo time=50 μs) and spin echo imaging. Before the dental magnetic resonance imaging, all patients underwent a conventional clinical dental investigation including visual assessment of the teeth as well as dental x-ray imaging. All lesions identifiable in the x-ray could be clearly identified in the ultra short echo time images, but only about 19% of the lesions were visible in the spin echo images. In 19% of all lesions, the lesions could be more clearly delineated in the ultra short echo time images than in the x-ray images. This was especially the case for secondary lesions. In direct comparison with the x-ray images, all lesions appeared substantially larger in the dental magnetic resonance imaging data. The presented data provide evidence that caries lesions can be identified in ultra short echo time magnetic resonance imaging with high sensitivity. The apparent larger volume of the lesions in dental magnetic resonance imaging may be attributed to fluid accumulation in demineralized areas without substantial breakdown of mineral structures.
Communicating over electric distribution lines (1990)

Problems of remote control and metering by carrier transmission over the distribution feeders are considered. The choice of carrier frequencies by the author's Company for compromise between characteristics of noise (harmonics) and electrical length (standing waves) is explained. Modulation, filtering, and integrate-and-dump detection methods of elimination of harmonic effects are described, with special reference to spikes from SCR-controlled variable-speed motors, and matched filtering of white noise. Propagation problems (and countermeasures) are related to power-factor-correction capacitor banks, critical electrical lengths between dwellings and substation, and distribution transformer leakage reactance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using Log Files as Knowledge Bases (2013)

Logging has been mainly used as a debugging aid. We think log files contain a large amount of information which can be used as knowledge bases for different purposes. In this paper, we discuss some key points of holding this view point, list some related Java code, and exhibit some log pieces to demonstrate the usage. We also propose some ways to manage log files. The idea we suggest here might help improving software development process.
Organic heterojunction phototransistor (2002)

We propose an organic heterojunction phototransistor stacked with organic layers of electron and hole transport materials. The materials used in this study are perylene derivative (td-PTC) as the ultrathin base layer and triphenylamine derivative (TPD) as the emitter and collector layers. The current versus voltage characteristics as a function of incident optical intensity are typical of a phototransistor with current saturation. The bipolar transistor operation is confirmed by a comparison with the diode structure of the TPD/td-PTC device and because of the base thickness dependence of the current. External quantum efficiency is 2.9% under blue light-emitting diode illumination. In the current response, the initial displacement current is superimposed. Obtained response times are 600 μs for both transient turn-on and turn-off currents.
Array codes correcting a two-dimensional cluster of errors (1998)

A novel construction method is presented for array codes correcting a single rectangular error cluster of size b/sub 1//spl times/b/sub 2/ or less. Encoding is done in such a way that parity check symbols are calculated row-or columnwise which are a word of a one-dimensional code correcting a phased burst. These parity check symbols are not transmitted but can be calculated by the receiver. Corresponding decoding algorithms are given. A code is constructed with maximum size n/sub 1/=b/sub 1/2/sup b2/, n/sub 2/=b/sub 2/2/sup b1/, and r=3b/sub 1/b/sub 2/ redundancy symbols which is close to the generalized Singleton bound r/spl ges/2b/sub 1/b/sub 2/. Its encoding and decoding complexity are low.
Regulation of HLA class II expression prevents allogeneic T‐cell responses (2010)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules are polymorphic heterodimers that present peptides to CD4+ T-cells. The HLA-DM molecule contributes to assemble HLA class II-peptide complexes. We investigated the effect of silencing either HLA-DR or HLA-DM expression in the allogeneic T-cell responses. The delivery of HLA-DR- or HLA-DM-specific short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in a monocytic cell line caused a decrease by up to 85% and 75% at the respective mRNA level. Allogeneic T-cells stimulated with HLA-DM-silenced monocytes decreased to 30% granzyme B mRNA and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production in comparison with T-cells stimulated with monocytes expressing a non-specific shRNA. By contrast, HLA-DR-silenced monocytes did not induce proliferation, up-regulation of granzyme B mRNA levels or high IFN-γ secretion by allogeneic T-cells vs HLA-DR expressing cells. Direct targeting of HLA-DR expression prevented more efficiently an allogeneic T-cell response in comparison with the knockdown of the expression of HLA-DM molecules. Silencing the expression of HLA-DR molecules might contribute to the development of new allogeneic cell-based therapeutic approaches.
Interference Minimization Routing and Scheduling in Cognitive Radio Wireless Mesh Networks (2010)

Cognitive radio is a new communication paradigm that is able to observe, learn, optimize, and intelligently adapt to achieve optimal frequency band usage. Cognitive radio (CR)-based wireless mesh networks (WMNS) provide infrastructures for secondary users' transmission, and it is necessary to develop techniques with low interference to primary users in such networks. In this paper, we propose an interference-minimization routing and scheduling algorithm for CR-WMNs. The flow control, route selection, time sharing, and opportunistic spectrum access are jointly formulated to minimize the aggregate interference to primary users. The optimization problem can be solved in a centralized way, and a distributed algorithm is also developed by adaptively modifying the individual link cost by the interference to the primary user and flow conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme finds better routes in terms of interference to the primary users compared to the shortest path scheme, and the distributed solution shows near optimum compared with the centralized solution.
Einführung (1998)

Der auf hohem Niveau verharrende Stand der Arbeitslosigkeit und die gleichzeitig steigende Belastung mit Sozialabgaben bedingen gegenwärtig eine stark volkswirtschaftlich beeinflußte Diskussion der Arbeitslosenversicherung. Eine notwendige Erweiterung der wissenschaftlichen Betrachtungen besteht in der betriebswirtschaftlichen Untersuchung des institutionellen Trägers der Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Dieser veränderte Blickwinkel entfaltet seine arbeitsmarktpolitische Relevanz über die Gestaltung interner Systemvariablen bei der für den Aufgabenbereich der Arbeitsmarktpolitik zuständigen Bundesanstalt für Arbeit (BA).1
Technologies for refueling spacecraft on-orbit (2000)

This paper discusses the current technologies for on-orbit refueling of spacecraft. The findings of 55 references are reviewed and summarized. Highlights include: (1) the Russian Progress system used by the International Space Station; (2) a flight demonstration of superfluid helium transfer; and (3) ground tests of large cryogenic systems. Key technologies discussed include vapor free liquid outflow, control of fluid inflow to prevent liquid venting, and quick disconnects for on-orbit mating of transfer lines.
Miniature Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Contamination Measurement (1980)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Imaging Early Endothelial Inflammation Following Stroke by Core Shell Silica Superparamagnetic Glyconanoparticles That Target Selectin (2014)

Activation of the endothelium is a pivotal first step for leukocyte migration into the diseased brain. Consequently, imaging this activation process is highly desirable. We synthesized carbohydrate-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles that bind specifically to the endothelial transmembrane inflammatory proteins E and P selectin. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the targeted nanoparticles accumulated in the brain vasculature following acute administration into a clinically relevant animal model of stroke, though increases in selectin expression were observed in both brain hemispheres. Nonfunctionalized naked particles also appear to be a plausible agent to target the ischemic vasculature. The importance of these findings is discussed regarding the potential for translation into the clinic.
Location- and Orientation-Controlled (100) and (110) Single-Grain Si TFTs Without Seed Substrate (2010)

This paper reports on high-performance (100)- and (110)-oriented single-grain thin-film transistors (SG-TFTs) fabricated below 600°C without any seed substrate. Orientation has been controlled by μ-Czochralski process with an excimer laser. The field-effect mobility of the n-channel transistor is 998 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V·s for (100) SG-TFTs and 811 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V·s for (110) SG-TFTs. The field-effect mobility of the p-channel transistor is 292 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V ·s for (100) SG-TFTs and 429 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V ·s for (110) SG-TFTs.
Validity of ERS-1 altimeter corrections (1998)

Sea surface height (SSH) observations from satellite altimeter are subjected to various types of environmental and geophysical errors. To get the small amplitude (of the order of a few centimeters) dynamic oceanographic signals from altimeters, effects due to these errors have to be corrected. The validity of each of the correction terms to the ERS-1 altimeter measurements have been studied. Most of the corrections reduced the variance and have thus been found to be effective altimetric corrections.
Indirect binding of human T-cell leukemia virus type I tax1 to a responsive element in the viral long terminal repeat. (1989)

Several laboratories have demonstrated that tandem copies of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I 21-base-pair (bp) repeat cloned upstream of either a homologous or heterologous promoter increase transcription in the presence of tax1 protein. In this report, we provide evidence for a second tax1-responsive sequence in the viral long terminal repeat. Analysis of human T-cell leukemia virus type I promoter deletion mutants and plasmids containing cloned oligonucleotide motifs demonstrated that this 47-bp sequence, located between -117 and -163, confers responsiveness to tax1. We further demonstrated that proteins present in HeLa nuclear extracts bind specifically to this tax1-responsive sequence. Mutants that affected in vivo activity also decreased in vitro binding. Using an in vitro binding assay, we demonstrated that tax1 interacts indirectly with the 47-bp sequence, most likely through protein-protein interaction. Thus, while tax1 does not bind directly to DNA to enhance transcription, it may influence sequence-specific responses by interacting with the primary DNA-protein complex.
Curing of a Killer Factor in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1972)

Many standard laboratory stocks of yeast are able to kill other yeast strains. This property has not been generally recognized because killing is observed only at low pH and not at the pH of standard media. In all strains examined, the genetic determinant for the killer trait shows non-Mendelian inheritance. The segregation patterns of our killer strains indicate that this killer determinant may be different from the killer previously described. Treatment of a killer strain with cycloheximide, but not with ethidium bromide, converts it into a sensitive nonkiller.
51.3: Digital Driving of TN‐LC for WUXGA LCOS Panel (2001)

Abstract In this paper, digital driving method of SCTN mode for LCOS panel is studied for 256 gray scale realization of WUXGA panel. It is found that the slow response time of nematic LC causes the discontinuity and non‐linearity of gray scales. For a natural gray scale, a short falling time of nematic LC is required. By an improved LC material and on the appropriate driving conditions, continuous 256 grays have been realized.
Simulation Study of CO2 Huff-n-Puff Process in Bakken Tight Oil Reservoirs (2014)

Abstract Advancements in horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing have enabled commercial oil production from Bakken tight oil reservoirs. However, the primary recovery factor remains very low (less than 15%), resulting in the high volume of oil remaining in place. Hence, it is extremely important to investigate the application of enhanced oil recovery methods. Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection as a huff-n-puff process is a preferred approach to improve oil recovery in tight reservoirs. In this work, we present the effect of CO2 molecular diffusion and performed a series of sensitivity studies to quantify the impacts of reservoir properties such as permeability and fracture properties such as fracture half-length, fracture conductivity, number of fractures, and operation parameters such as CO2 injection rate, injection time, soaking time, number of cycle of CO2 huff-n-puff and CO2 diffusivity on the CO2 huff-n-puff process for enhanced oil recovery in the Bakken Formation. A numerical model was built using the typical reservoir and fracture properties from Middle Bakken to simulate CO2 huff-n-puff process. In this process, we consider CO2 molecular diffusion term to swell oil in matrix since Darcy velocity is negligible due to low permeability. The numerical model was validated with field production data from a horizontal well in Middle Bakken. Based on the history matching results, the relative permeability curves such as water-oil relative permeability and liquid-gas relative permeability, are obtained. Furthermore, the wettability for the Middle Bakken is found to be weak water wet. Simulation results show that the most important parameter is CO2 injection rate, followed by CO2 injection time, number of cycle, CO2 diffusivity. The other parameters such as fracture conductivity, CO2 soaking time, permeability and fracture half-length are less sensitive based on the range investigated in this study. The range for the incremental oil recovery factor at 30 years of production is obtained as 2.5% - 9.4%. This work can provide fundamental understanding of the key parameters controlling the CO2 huff-n-puff process for enhanced oil recovery in the Bakken Formation.
Microbial oxidation and assimilation of propylene (1976)

Hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms in our culture collection oxidized propylene but could not utilize it as the sole source of carbon and energy. When propane-grown cells of Mycobacterium convulutum were placed on propylene, acrylate, the terminally oxidized, three-carbon unsaturated acid, accumulated. A mixed culture and an axenic culture (strain PL-1) that utilized propylene as the sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from soil. Respiration rates, enzyme assays, fatty acid profiles, and 14CO2 incorporation experiments suggest that both the mixed culture and strain PL-1 oxidize propylene via attack at the double bond, resulting in a C2+C1 cleavage of the molecule.
Heat and entropy of fusion of polypropylene (1964)

Abstract There are wide discrepancies in the literature values for the heat of fusion (Δ H u ) of isotactic polypropylene. A study was therefore made of the variables affecting Δ H u as determined by differential thermal analysis. The results of this study show Δ H u for 100% “crystalline” polypropylene to be 2400 cal./mole repeating unit with 2σ = 300. The entropy of fusion is 5.4 e.u./repeating unit (2σ = 0.3). Thermal history, potential errors in sample–sensor contact as well as uncertainties in x‐ray analysis for per cent crystallinity are discussed.
Clinical Features of and Recent Advances in Therapy for Fabry Disease (2000)

Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A. Intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide, the glycolipid substrate of this enzyme, leads to severe painful neuropathy with progressive renal, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular dysfunction and early death. Men are predominantly affected but many female carriers have similar clinical involvement, including increased risk of stroke. Physical stigmata, such as angiokeratomas in skin and mucous membranes and characteristic benign corneal abnormalities, facilitate identification of Fabry disease. The finding of a marked decreased activity of alpha-galactosidase A in white blood cells or cultured skin fibroblasts confirms the diagnosis. Treatment thus far has been symptomatic only. Etiology-based therapies are being developed that include enzyme replacement therapy, gene therapy, and substrate deprivation. Our recently completed double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous infusions of alpha-galactosidase A in patients with Fabry disease demonstrated the safety and efficacy of this treatment. JAMA. 2000;284:2771-2775.
Cross-network information dissemination in VANETs (2011)

In this work, we provide an overview of an innovative approach for effective cross-network information dissemination, with applications to Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). In particular, we describe the main approach followed in an on-going bilateral Italy-Israel project (“Cross-Network Effective Traffic Alert Dissemination,” X-NETAD). The X-NETAD project leverages on the spontaneous formation of WiFi local VANETs, with direct connections between neighboring vehicles, in order to disseminate, very quickly and inexpensively, traffic alerts received from the UMTS network.
Structure and Bonding of the Multifunctional Amino Acid <scp>l</scp>-DOPA on Au(110) (2006)

In investigations of the proteins which are responsible for the surface adhesion of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, an unusually frequent appearance of the otherwise rare amino acid 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine (L-DOPA) has been observed. This amino acid is thought to play a major role in the mechanism of mussel adhesion. Here we report a detailed structural and spectroscopic investigation of the interface between L-DOPA and a single-crystalline Au(110) model surface, with the aim of understanding fundamentals about the surface bonding of this amino acid and its role in mussel adhesion. Molecular layers are deposited by organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD) in an ultrahigh-vacuum environment. The following experimental techniques have been applied: ex situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Vibrational spectra of isolated L-DOPA molecules and the zwitterionic bulk have been calculated using density functional theory (DFT). The predicted modes are assigned to observed spectra, allowing conclusions regarding the molecule-substrate and molecule-molecule interactions at the L-DOPA/Au(110) interface. We find that zwitterionic L-DOPA forms a monochiral, one-domain commensurate monolayer on Au(110), with the catechol rings on top of [110] gold rows, oriented parallel to the surface. The (2 x 1)-Au(110) surface reconstruction is not lifted. The carboxylate group is found in a bidentate or bridging configuration, the amino group is tilted out of the surface plane, and the hydroxyl groups do not dehydrogenate on Au(110). Similar to the case for the bulk, molecules form dimers on Au(110). However, the number of hydrogen bridge bonds between L-DOPA molecules is reduced as compared to the bulk. Thicker layers which are deposited onto the commensurate interface do not order in the bulk structure. In conclusion, our study shows that the aromatic ring system of L-DOPA functions as a surface anchor. Since it is also known that the hydroxyl groups support cross-link reactions between L-DOPA residues in the mussel glue protein, we can conclude that the catechol ring supports surface adhesion of mussel proteins via two independent functions.
k-Balanced sorting and skew join in MPI and MapReduce (2014)

We consider algorithms for sorting and skew equi-join operations for computer clusters. The proposed algorithms achieve the best known theoretical workload balancing guarantee, and exhibit close to optimal balancing in our experiments. Our empirical studies also show that the proposed sorting algorithm is up to 30% faster than the state-of-the-art algorithm.