gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Amide Hydrogen Exchange by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (1998)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) was used to determine amide proton/deuteron (H/D) exchange rates. The method has broad application to the study of protein conformation and folding and to the study of protein-ligand interactions and requires no modifications of the instrument. Amide protons were allowed to exchange with deuterons in buffered D2O at room temperature, pD 7.25. Exchanged deuterons were "frozen" in the exchanged state by quenching at pH 2.5, 0 degree C and analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. The matrix mixture consisted of 5 mg/mL alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, acetonitrile, ethanol, and 0.1% TFA. The matrix was adjusted to pH 2.5, and the chilled MALDI target was rapidly dried. Deuteration of amide protons on cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase was measured after short times of incubation in deuterium by pepsin protein digestion and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The unseparated peptic digest was analyzed in a single spectrum of the mixture. From five spectra, H/D exchange rates were determined for some 40 peptides covering 65% of the protein sequence.
Isolation and Characterization of Oligosaccharides from an Enzymic Hydrolysate of Konjac Glucomannan (1975)

Konjac mannan consumed 0.991 moles of sodium metaperiodate per anhydrohexose residue. The Smith degradation of this glucomannan produced large amounts of glycolaldehyde and erythritol, in addition to small amounts of d-mannose, d-glucose and glycerol. Complete acid-hydrolysis of the glucomannan yielded d-mannose and d-glucose in a molar ratio of 1.6:1.00 or 8:5. The hydrolysate of konjac glucomannan by β-mannanase preparation from konjac tubers yielded a mixture of oligosaccharide, from which the following compounds were isolated and identified: (1) M→M, (2) G→M, (3) G→G, (4) M→M→M, (5) G→M→M, (6) M→G→M, (7) G→G→M, (8) M→M→M→M, (9) G→M→M→M, (10) G→M→M→G, (11) G→G→M→M, (12) M→M→M→M→M, (13) G→M→M→M→M. On the basis of the above results, the possible structures of this glucomannan and the specificities of β-mannanase were discussed.
Optimizing Peer Relationships in a Super-Peer Network (2007)

Super-peer architectures exploit the heterogeneity of nodes in a P2P network by assigning additional responsi- bilities to higher-capacity nodes. In the design of a super- peer network for file sharing, several issues have to be ad- dressed: how client peers are related to super-peers, how super-peers locate files, how the load is balanced among the super-peers, and how the system deals with node failures. In this paper we introduce a self-organizing super-peer net- work architecture (SOSPNET) that solves these issues in a fully decentralized manner. SOSPNET maintains a super- peer network topology that reflects the semantic similarity of peers sharing content interests. Super-peers maintain se- mantic caches of pointers to files which are requested by peers with similar interests. Client peers, on the other hand, dynamically select super-peers offering the best search per- formance. We show how this simple approach can be em- ployed not only to optimize searching, but also to solve gen- erally difficult problems encountered in P2P architectures such as load balancing and fault tolerance. We evaluate SOSPNET using a model of the semantic structure derived from the 8-month traces of two large file-sharing communi- ties. The obtained results indicate that SOSPNET achieves close-to-optimal file search performance, quickly adjusts to changes in the environment (node joins and leaves), sur- vives even catastrophic node failures, and efficiently dis- tributes the system load taking into account peer capacities.
Secure smart home: A voiceprint and internet based authentication system for remote accessing (2016)

Smart home is now becoming prevalent with the development of the Internet of things (IOT) techniques. It is aimed at providing the user with a user-friendly method to control the home appliances such as doors, lights, even in a condition of long-distance. This controlling is generally achieved by a mobile phone which can access to the Internet. However, this can easily be breached if no security measures are taken. In this paper, we present a voiceprint and Internet based mobile authentication system, which can make authentication of smart home faster, more convenient and more secure. In addition, we proposed a dynamic threshold method to calculate a user-specific score threshold of voiceprint verification. Result shows it reduce the false rejection rate when given the equal false acceptance rate.
Evidence for colocalization and interaction between 37 and 39 kDa isoforms of secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) (1997)

Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) are proteins of post-Golgi recycling carriers, including regulated secretory organelles. The two major size variants, SCAMP1 (37 kDa) and SCAMP2 (39 kDa), extensively colocalize in membranes of fibroblasts and parotid acinar cells based on immunocytochemistry and velocity centrifugation, although the relative amounts of each variant may differ in selected organelles. SCAMP1, and to a lesser extent, SCAMP2, are substrates for chemical crosslinking in situ, and the recognizable crosslinking products of SCAMP1 suggest potential formation of homomultimers. SCAMP1 and SCAMP2 can be co-immunoprecipitated following detergent solubilization, using antibodies that specifically react with only one of the variants. Both the localization and interactions of SCAMPs are reiterated using transfected SCAMP1 that is epitope tagged (myc) at either the NH2 or COOH terminus and an anti-myc antibody. Like other transport vesicle membrane proteins, SCAMPs form complexes that apparently include homomultimers. Furthermore, these studies suggest that both SCAMP1 and SCAMP2 may function together in a single protein complex.
Experimental Models for Study of Common Respiratory Viruses (1980)

Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that there is excess respiratory disease morbidity in areas of high atmospheric pollution, implying an interactive effect on the clinical illness associated with these common infections. The principal etiologic agents of human respiratory infections are respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses (IV), parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 (P1, P3), adenoviruses (AD), rhinoviruses (RV) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mpn). Understanding the pathogenesis of the excess morbidity related to pollutants would facilitate detection of undesirable human health effects and provide a basis for intervention strategies. Through use of experimental model systems the mechanism of toxic effects could be defined (whether microbiological, immunological, pathological or physiological) to provide direction for appropriate studies in the human host. Small animal models of IV and Mpn infections have been available for many years; recently, experimental models of several more common viral diseases have been developed. A parallel to human RSV infections is provided by the ferret: virus replicates in the lungs of infant animals, but only in the noses of adults. The common cotton rat infected with RSV develops small airways lesions which may mimic the pathophysiologic changes of bronchiolitis. Both guinea pigs and Syrian hamsters are susceptible to human P3 virus, developing peribronchiolar and interstitial lesions. Practical small animal models for human AD and RV infections are not available because of the high host-specificity of these agents. Both the RSV and P3 model infections are nonlethal which enables study for long-term sequelae. Recent reports of pulmonary function abnormalities among children suffering bronchiolitis in infancy underscores the importance of defining toxic influences which could play a role by making the initial infections more severe.
A new single stage AC-DC converter for low voltage electromagnetic energy harvesting (2010)

In this paper, a direct AC-DC converter for electromagnetic microgenerators is presented. In recent years, researchers have developed a number of microgenerator configurations that are capable of producing an AC voltage of a few hundred millivolts. However, little work has been reported on conversion of such low voltages to a steady DC voltage required by most devices. The authors present a new converter topology that can be used for such low voltage, low power energy harvesting. It utilizes the bidirectional current capability of MOSFETs to avoid the use of front-end bridge rectifier. The converter offers a resistive load to the microgenerator making it suitable for optimum energy harvesting. Simulation and experimental results are depicted to verify the operation of the converter.
A key pre-distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks (2006)

Key technological advances in wireless communications, micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS), and digital circuitry have energized the research community to focus on the challenges of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a new pre-distribution key management scheme that meets the operational and security requirements of wireless sensor networks and provides authentication and key distribution in one set of protocols. Our scheme allows selective key revocation and node rekeying and posits improved network resiliency over existing key pre-distribution schemes. The scheme is based on probability key sharing among sensor nodes of a random graph and incorporates a threshold property. Uncompromised nodes in a sensor network are secure provided that an adversary compromises less than a threshold-number of nodes. We describe the details of our algorithm and briefly compare it with other proposed schemes.
Novel Antibody for the Treatment of Transthyretin Amyloidosis (2016)

Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is a systemic amyloidosis mainly caused by amyloidogenic transthyretin (ATTR). This incurable disease causes death ∼10 years after onset. Although it has been widely accepted that conformational change of the monomeric form of transthyretin (TTR) is very important for amyloid formation and deposition in the organs, no effective therapy targeting this step is available. In this study, we generated a mouse monoclonal antibody, T24, that recognized the cryptic epitope of conformationally changed TTR. T24 inhibited TTR accumulation in FAP model rats, which expressed human ATTR V30M in various tissues and exhibited non-fibrillar deposits of ATTR in the gastrointestinal tracts. Additionally, humanized T24 (RT24) inhibited TTR fibrillation and promoted macrophage phagocytosis of aggregated TTR. This antibody did not recognize normal serum TTR functioning properly in the blood. These results demonstrate that RT24 would be an effective novel therapeutic antibody for FAP.
SiO<sub>2</sub> Passivation Effects on the Leakage Current in AlGaN/GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors Employing Additional Schottky Gate (2007)

The leakage current of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors employing the additional Schottky gate before and after SiO2 passivation is investigated. The SiO2 passivation successfully decreases the drain leakage current from 1.70 µA to 88.05 nA due to the suppressed conduction of surface trap states. The leakage current injection from additional-gate to main-gate is observed in the unpassivated device while no leakage current injection at additional-gate is observed in the passivated device. The measured leakage current at additional-gate in the unpassivated device and passivated one are 15.58 µA and 7.10 pA respectively. The measured leakage current at main-gate in those devices are -50.72 µA and -91.10 nA respectively. The SiO2 passivation for AlGaN/GaN HEMT employing additional Schottky gate successfully decreases the leakage current through surface trap states as well as the undesirable leakage current between Schottky contacts.
The Role of Tetragonal Twins in the Internal Friction of Copper Manganese Alloys (1951)

Internal friction studies have been made of an alloy 88 percent Mn-12 percent Cu. This alloy when annealed at 925°C and quenched to room temperature has a tetragonal structure of axial ratio 0.97. Twins are readily formed along the (101) and (011) planes. It has been suggested that relaxation across these twin boundaries would account for certain observed internal friction. Verification of this is shown.
Pressure, Velocity, and Time in Speeded Drawing of Basic Graphic Patterns by Young Children (1998)

Bender Gestalt cards of Pascal and Suttel, simplified by the author, and basic graphic patterns used in neuropsychological assessment by Mai and Marquardt were used in a speeded copying task. Children between 4 and 6 years were drawing with a wireless pen on a pressure-sensitive graphic tablet linked to a computer. Hand pressure, velocity of hand movements, drawing time and penlifts were measured by a CS handwriting analyses software package. Planned comparisons were carried out between developmentally earlier emerging graphic forms and patterns that are mastered later in development. It was shown that for 6-yr.-olds pressure was increased which might indicate a generally higher tension when drawing. Specifically, angular forms were copied with more pressure, but needed less drawing time than round forms. Moreover, children needed more time for penlifts to adjust for a starting point that changed from left to right when drawing vertical lines than horizontal ones. Reduced speed of drawing was more important when copying open forms than closed shapes. In denotation of spatial position no differences were found. It is concluded that the analysis of psychophysical measures of drawing gives important clues about the specific problems produced by relatively basic graphic patterns.
Alternative 1‐<sup>13</sup>C glucose infusion protocols for clinical <sup>13</sup>C MRS examinations of the brain (2001)

Clinical utility of (13)C MRS is limited by cost and long examination times. Three 1-(13)C glucose infusion protocols-a high-dose i.v., low-dose i.v., and oral administration of 1-(13)C glucose-were compared on a GE 1.5T MR scanner. Resolution and sensitivity were sufficient to identify (13)C glucose (1alpha and 1beta), glutamate (C1-C4), glutamine (C1-C4), aspartate (C2 and C3), lactate, alanine, and bicarbonate in brain spectra. The three protocols were efficacious, as measured by cerebral enrichment of 1-(13)C glucose (62%, 42%, and 38%) and its principal metabolite, 4-(13)C glutamate (13%, 11%, and 16%), respectively. Intravenous infusion of 1-(13)C glucose 0.23 g/kg body weight (low dose) provides equivalent information at one third the cost of previous regimes. Magn Reson Med 46:39-48, 2001.
The Thermal Effect of Monopolar Radiofrequency Energy on the Properties of Joint Capsule (1998)

The purpose of this in vivo study was to analyze the short-term tissue response of joint capsule to monopolar radiofrequency energy and to compare the effects of five power settings at 65 degrees C on heat distribution in joint capsule. In 12 mature Hampshire sheep, the medial and lateral aspects of both stifles were treated with monopolar radiofrequency energy under arthroscopic control in a single uniform pass to the synovial surface. The radiofrequency generator power settings were 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 watts (N = 8/group). The electrode tip temperature was 65 degrees C. Histologic analysis at 7 days after surgery revealed thermal damage of capsule at all radiofrequency power settings. The lesion's cross-sectional area, depth, vascularity, and inflammation were commensurate with radiofrequency power. Tissue damage was indicated by variable inflammatory cell infiltration, fusion of collagen, pyknosis of fibroblasts, myonecrosis, and vascular thrombosis, whereas synovial hyperplasia, fibroblast proliferation, and rowing of sarcolemmal nuclei demonstrated regenerative processes. This study revealed that radiofrequency power settings and heat loss through lavage solution play a significant role in heat distribution and morphologic alterations in joint capsule after arthroscopic application of monopolar radiofrequency energy.
Enhancing Electrospray Ionization Efficiency of Peptides by Derivatization (2006)

With the advent of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, the world was given a new way to look at complex peptide mixtures. Identification of proteins via their signature peptides requires ionization of a representative portion of the peptides derived from proteins by proteolysis. Unfortunately, matrix effects prohibited electrospray ionization of many peptides. This paper describes the development of a new labeling reagent that simultaneously adds a permanent positive charge to peptides and increases their hydrophobicity to enhance their ionization efficiency. The labeling agent is preactivated with N-hydroxysuccinimide to react with primary amines to form a peptide bond. In the most dramatic case, ionization efficiency of the peptide ADRDQYELLCLDNTRKPVDEYK increased 500-fold after derivatization as opposed to other peptides where ionization efficiency was impacted little. Ionization efficiency of peptides was enhanced roughly 10-fold in general by derivatization. Peptides of less than 500 Da experienced the greatest increase in ionization efficiency by derivatization. Poor ionization efficiency of native peptides was found to be due more to their inherent structural properties than the matrix in which ionization occurs.
El lenguaje integral: un camino fácil para el desarrollo del lenguaje (1995)

The information accumulated by this study will help provide a better understanding of involved metabolic processes in order to design appropriate therapeutic approaches for treating these patients, so they can recover and lead normal lives.
Cysteine modification of a specific repressor protein controls the translational status of nucleus-encoded LHCII mRNAs in <i>Chlamydomonas</i> (2009)

The cytosolic RNA-binding protein NAB1 represses translation of LHCII (light-harvesting complex of photosystem II) encoding mRNAs by sequestration into translationally silent mRNP complexes in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. NAB1 contains 2 cysteine residues, Cys-181 and Cys-226, within its C-terminal RRM motif. Modification of these cysteines either by oxidation or by alkylation in vitro was accompanied by a decrease in RNA-binding affinity for the target mRNA sequence. To confirm the relevance of reversible NAB1 cysteine oxidation for the regulation of its activity in vivo, we replaced both cysteines with serines. All examined cysteine single and double mutants exhibited a reduced antenna at PSII caused by a perturbed NAB1 deactivation mechanism, with double mutations and Cys-226 single mutations causing a stronger and more distinctive phenotype compared with the Cys-181 mutation. Our data indicated that the responsible redox control mechanism is mediated by modification of single cysteines. Polysome analyses and RNA co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated the interconnection of the NAB1 thiol state and its activity as a translation repressor in vivo. NAB1 is fully active in its dithiol state and is reversibly deactivated by modification of its cysteines. In summary, this work is an example that cytosolic translation of nucleus encoded photosynthetic genes is regulated via a reversible cysteine-based redox switch in a RNA-binding translation repressor protein.
Deficiency of the zinc finger protein ZPR1 causes neurodegeneration (2006)

Mutations that cause reduced expression of the full-length Survival Motor Neurons (SMN) protein are a major cause of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a disease characterized by degeneration of the alpha-motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. The severity of SMA may be influenced by the actions of modifier genes. One potential modifier gene is represented by ZPR1, which is down-regulated in patients with SMA and encodes a zinc finger protein that interacts with complexes formed by SMN. To test the functional significance of ZPR1 gene down-regulation, we examined a mouse model with targeted ablation of the Zpr1 gene. We report that ZPR1-deficient mice exhibit axonal pathology and neurodegeneration. These data identify ZPR1 deficiency as a contributing factor in neurodegenerative disorders.
Inhibitory Effect of Baicalin and Baicalein on Ovarian Cancer Cells (2013)

Ovarian cancer is one of the primary causes of death for women all through the Western world. Baicalin and baicalein are naturally occurring flavonoids that are found in the roots and leaves of some Chinese medicinal plants and are thought to have antioxidant activity and possible anti-angiogenic, anti-cancer, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Two kinds of ovarian cancer (OVCAR-3 and CP-70) cell lines and a normal ovarian cell line (IOSE-364) were selected to be investigated in the inhibitory effect of baicalin and baicalein on cancer cells. Largely, baicalin and baicalein inhibited ovarian cancer cell viability in both ovarian cancer cell lines with LD50 values in the range of 45-55 µM for baicalin and 25-40 µM for baicalein. On the other hand, both compounds had fewer inhibitory effects on normal ovarian cells viability with LD50 values of 177 µM for baicalin and 68 µM for baicalein. Baicalin decreased expression of VEGF (20 µM), cMyc (80 µM), and NFkB (20 µM); baicalein decreased expression of VEGF (10 µM), HIF-1α (20 µM), cMyc (20 µM), and NFkB (40 µM). Therefore baicalein is more effective in inhibiting cancer cell viability and expression of VEGF, HIF-1α, cMyc, and NFκB in both ovarian cancer cell lines. It seems that baicalein inhibited cancer cell viability through the inhibition of cancer promoting genes expression including VEGF, HIF-1α, cMyc, and NFκB. Overall, this study showed that baicalein and baicalin significantly inhibited the viability of ovarian cancer cells, while generally exerting less of an effect on normal cells. They have potential for chemoprevention and treatment of ovarian cancers.
A methodology for analyzing the performance of authentication protocols (2002)

Performance, in terms of user response time and the consumption of processing and communications resources, is an important factor to be considered when designing authentication protocols. The mix of public key and secret key encryption algorithms typically included in these protocols makes it difficult to model performance using conventional analytical methods. In this article, we develop a validated modeling methodology to be used for analyzing authentication protocol features, and we use two examples to illustrate the methodology. In the first example, we analyze the environmental parameters that favor one proposed public-key-enabled Kerberos variant over another in the context of a large, multiple-realm network. In the second example, we propose a Kerberos variant for a mobile computing environment and analyze the performance benefits realized by introducing a proxy to offload processing and communications workload.