gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth Deceleration of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays:  Catalyst Deactivation or Feedstock Diffusion Controlled? (2008)

Feedstock and byproduct diffusion in the root growth of aligned carbon nanotube arrays is discussed. A non-dimensional modulus is proposed to differentiate catalyst-poisoning controlled growth deceleration from one which is diffusion controlled. It is found that, at the current stage, aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays are usually free of feedstock diffusion resistance while single-walled carbon nanotube arrays are already suffering from a strong diffusion resistance. The method presented here is also able to predict the critical lengths in different CVD processes from which carbon nanotube arrays begin to meet strong diffusion resistance, as well as the possible solutions to this diffusion caused growth deceleration.
Current Advances and Strategies Towards Fully Automated Sample Preparation for Regulated LC–MS/MS Bioanalysis (2014)

Robotic liquid handlers (RLHs) have been widely used in automated sample preparation for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) bioanalysis. Automated sample preparation for regulated bioanalysis offers significantly higher assay efficiency, better data quality and potential bioanalytical cost-savings. For RLHs that are used for regulated bioanalysis, there are additional requirements, including 21 CFR Part 11 compliance, software validation, system qualification, calibration verification and proper maintenance. This article reviews recent advances in automated sample preparation for regulated bioanalysis in the last 5 years. Specifically, it covers the following aspects: regulated bioanalysis requirements, recent advances in automation hardware and software development, sample extraction workflow simplification, strategies towards fully automated sample extraction, and best practices in automated sample preparation for regulated bioanalysis.
Regulation of Jasmonate-mediated Plant Responses in Arabidopsis (2003)

Jasmonates (JAs) are signalling molecules that play a key role in the regulation of metabolic processes, reproduction, and defence against pathogens and insects. JAs regulate responses that are both local and systemic, and which are affected by outputs from signalling pathways regulated by ethylene, salicylic acid and auxin. This is a review of recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of JA perception in Arabidopsis thaliana, the different signalling functions of biologically active JAs, the post-translational control of JA responses leading to substantial transcriptional reprogramming, and the influence of other signalling pathways of systemic JA responses.
The Holder of UCC 3-407(2)(a) and the Windfall Discharge (1986)

3; 3-104(2) labels the negotiable instruments controlled by Article 3 as drafts, checks, certificates of deposit, and notes.2. U.C.C. 3-407(1) (1977) defines material alteration as an alteration which "changes the contract of any party thereto in any respect .... "3. U.C.C. 3-407(1) (1977) states that a material alteration includes changes such as the following: "(a) the number or relations of the parties; or (b) an incomplete instrument, by completing it otherwise than as authorized; or (c) the writing as signed, by adding to it or by removing any part of it."Id.Section 3-407 makes it plain by use of the word "including" that the above illustrations are not an exclusive list of all possible material alterations.4. U.C.C. 3-407(2)(a) (1977).Comment 3(c) provides: Assent to the alteration given before or after it is made will prevent the party from asserting the discharge."Or is precluded from asserting the defense" is added in the paragraph (a) to recognize the possibility of an estoppel or other ground
Variance analysis of x-ray CT sinograms in the presence of electronic noise background (2012)

The influence of the electronic noise background should be considered in low-dose CT imaging.
Determination of erythrocyte deformability and its correlation to cellular ATP release using microbore tubing with diameters that approximate resistance vessels in vivo (2003)

A novel method is described for measuring the deformability of red blood cells (RBCs) in tubing whose diameters approximate forces encountered in vivo. Here, RBCs from rabbits are loaded into a 50 cm section of 75 microm id microbore tubing and connected to a syringe pump. This section of tubing is then connected to a 15 cm section of 25 microm id tubing. As buffer is pumped through the flow system, the RBCs are evacuated from both sections of tubing. However, the inability of the RBCs to move freely through the 25 mirom id section of tubing results in a buildup of cells at the inlet of this portion of tubing. The continued force output by the syringe pump results in a deformation of the RBCs until all of the cells are eventually evacuated from the flow system. It was found that a measurement of the time required to reach half of the maximum pressure (1/2 P(max)) may be used as an indicator of the RBC deformability. For a given sample, a simple buffer results in less time to reach 1/2 P(max) (6.9 +/- 0.2 s) than deformable RBCs (21.6 +/- 0.8 s). To verify that the increased amount of time to reach 1/2 P(max) is indeed due to the RBCs, various hematocrits of an RBC sample were investigated and, as expected, it was found that a 12% RBC hematocrit had a higher 1/2 P(max) value (26.0 s +/- 2.2 s) when compared to a 7% hematocrit (19.1 +/- 0.3 s). In addition, RBCs chemically stiffened with glutaraldehyde were shown to be 25% less deformable than normal RBCs. Finally, a study was performed to examine the relationship between RBC deformability and ATP release and it was found that ATP release increased as a function of RBC deformability. This method greatly simplifies deformability measurements, employing only a syringe pump and microbore tubing, and may lead to a more complete understanding of the physiological significance of erythrocyte deformability.
Effects of Simultaneous Supply of Silicon and Boron on Plant Growth and on Herbicide Toxicity (1989)

An optimal supply of biodisposable silicon and boron shows a synergistic stimulation effect on plant growth. Under these optimal growth conditions herbicides may become particularly toxic for cultural plants. Plants inhibited by herbicides show distinctly higher boron contents than that of untreated samples.
Design characteristics unique to the flexographic printing process (1998)

The flexographic printing process has been used for package printing applications since the late 1800's. Recent improvements in the flexographic technology have enabled flexographic printers to compete in new market areas that have historically been served by roto-gravure or offset lithographic printing. Occurring simultaneously with the flexographic printing improvements has been the infusion of personal computer-based graphic design capabilities. Designers can optimize quality only when they understand the strengths and weaknesses of the printing process that will be used to mass produce their design. Desktop design capabilities and the need for flexographic print quality to match or exceed lithographic and roto-gravure print quality are both factors that accentuate the need to understand the process in an effort to create a design that will be of high quality when printed flexographically. Designing package graphics for the flexographic process is unique for a number of reasons, ( the "master image carrier" (printing plate) is significantly different from roto-gravure and offset lithography, the inks used in flexography are significantly different form those used in gravure) and a wider assortment of substrates may be printed by the flexographic process than by the offset lithographic process. Each substrate has its own printing characteristics. This thesis will inform those who may be interested in designing for flexographic printing of the unique considerations that should be addressed when designing a package graphic for flexographic printing. Considerations specifically addressed are; variable repeat length capabilities, reverse-side printing, trapping, typography halftones and dot-gain screen ruling and substrate, step-and-repeat and flexographic plate elongation.
Adsorption Equilibria and Kinetics for Propylene and Propane over 13X and 4A Zeolite Pellets (1999)

Propylene and propane single-adsorption equilibrium isotherms and mass-transfer kinetics over 13X and 4A zeolite pellets have been investigated using gravimetry and zero length column techniques, respectively. The 13X zeolite shows a higher loading capacity and lower mass-transfer resistance while 4A zeolite shows the highest selectivity for propylene. The experimental adsorption equilibrium isotherms were adjusted with the Toth isotherm. Kinetic studies indicate that macropore diffusion controls the mass transfer inside 13X zeolite pellets while micropore diffusion controls the propylene adsorption on 4A zeolite pellets.
Improved Damping in VARTM Composite Structures using Perforated Viscoelastic Layers (2006)

Recent work has shown that damped composite structures can be fabricated successfully by co-curing embedded damping layers in carbon/epoxy prepreg laminates using autoclave processing. However, no attention has been given to embedding damping layers into composite structures using low-cost fabrication methods such as the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. The current research presented in this article outlines a unique method of embedding impermeable damping layers into low-cost composite plates fabricated using the VARTM process. The damping layers are perforated with a series of small holes to allow the resin to flow through the damping layer and completely wet-out the plate. Experimental vibration and stiffness testing are performed to investigate the effect of perforation hole diameter and hole spacing on the damped structural behavior. Results show that the damping and stiffness can be very sensitive to perforation spacing, size, and location. It is shown that for small diameter moderately spaced perforations (99.7% damping area or greater) the damping increased by a factor of 14.3 over undamped plates, whereas slightly increasing the hole diameter or decreasing the spacing (95% damping area) resulted in significantly lower damping performance (2.2 factor increase over the undamped plate). For displacement critical vibration suppression, it was shown that plates with perforated damping layers will out-perform fully damped plates. Experimental and finite element results as well as practical design considerations for fabricating damped composite structures using the VARTM process are presented.
The Technical College Library (1960)

When the Library Association Sub-Section for Colleges of Technology and Further Education was established in 1951 there were 27 qualified librarians employed by these colleges. Today, membership has reached 217 which seems to indicate that libraries are received more seriously in technical education than they were ten years ago. However, the number of staff, the number of books and the number of daily issues are no criteria for measuring the value of a college library service.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopy of NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:  Ce<sup>3+</sup>, Tb<sup>3+</sup>/NaYF<sub>4</sub> Core/Shell Nanoparticles (2007)

Cerium- and terbium-doped NaGdF4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized with monodisperse particle sizes and uniform shapes. The cubic NaGdF4 NCs are colloidally stable in nonpolar organic solvents and exhibit green luminescence under mercury lamp excitation. Core/shell NPs were also synthesized as a way of increasing the luminescence efficiencies of the NPs.
Lubrication of Low Emission Diesel Engines Part 3 (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Analytical information supplemental to data previously described in Parts 1 &amp; 2 (SAE <a href="http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/900814" target="_blank">900814</a>) is presented. Solid-sample injection gas chromatography and X-ray fluorescence were employed to characterize the particulates collected on Pallflex and Fluoropore filters. The complete preweighed filter was thermally desorbed and separated by capillary GC with simultaneous flame ionization (FID), thermal conductivity (TCD), nitrogen/phosphorus (NPD), and flame photometric (FPD) detection. Results are reviewed in terms of: % non-volatiles, % volatiles (fuel and lube oil contributions correlated to various engine speeds and loads), as well as detectable nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur compounds.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">XRF data were obtained from the Fluoropore filters to determine the concentrations of typical additive metals Mg, Ca, P, and Zn present in the particulate that would be indicative of oil consumption mechanisms and any tendencies for additive-sourced materials to selectively be captured as particulate matter.</div>
Species Diversity, Phylogeny and Phylogeography of Centrarchidae (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Species diversity Centrarchid fossils Phylogeny Phylogeography Conclusions and future directions Acknowledgments References
Using P2P Network to Transmit Media Stream in SIP-based System (2008)

SIP-based systems inherently have NAT traversal and QoS problems because of the limited IPV4 addresses and the best-effort service on the Internet. Using relay server to relay media stream can solve NAT traversal in SIP systems, but have less scalability. In this paper, we propose a SIP+P2P architecture for SIP-based systems to solve the above problems. In this novel architecture, light weighted SIP signaling is still client/server based, but media stream is transmitted through P2P network. We embed relay service into some SIP UAs who can be peers, design a P2P overlay network to organize those peer nodes, and provide a fast and efficient relay nodes retrieving mechanism. We also present a detouring technology to select multi good performance paths in P2P overlay and switch real transmitting path between them according to the path performance. We implemented the whole design, and preliminary experiments show that our approach enhanced path reliability and QoS performance of end-to-end communications significantly.
A Novel Role for the Coxsackie Adenovirus Receptor in Mediating Tumor Formation by Lung Cancer Cells (2004)

The Coxsackie Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) has primarily been studied in its role as the initial cell surface attachment receptor for Coxsackie and group C adenoviruses. Recent reports suggest that CAR mediates homotypic intercellular adhesion as part of the tight and/or adherens junction. Thus, CAR is well positioned to participate in intercellular interactions and signaling. Using an antisense (AS)-CAR plasmid vector, we silenced surface CAR expression in lung cancer cells that possessed a high basal expression of this molecule and monitored the resultant tumorigenesis. AS-CAR transfectants exhibit a profound loss in the ability to generate xenografts in scid/scid mice. The emergence of delayed-onset tumors in animals that received injection with AS-CAR transfectants correlates with the resurfacing of CAR expression, suggesting that such expression and tumor emergence are temporally related. To study the mechanism underlying the differences in tumorigenicity, control and AS-CAR cells were compared in terms of their in vitro growth potential. Whereas only subtle differences in the proliferative capacity of the two populations were evident when assayed with growth on plastic, significant differences became apparent when one compared the relative ability of these populations to form colonies in soft agar. These data indicate that silencing surface CAR expression abrogates xenograft tumorigenesis in vivo and colony formation in vitro and invoke the novel possibility that CAR expression is needed for the efficient formation of tumors by a subset of lung cancer cells.
Stress: a Factor to be Considered in Heterotrophic Microorganism Enumeration from Aquatic Environments (1974)

Heterotrophic microorganisms in water samples are susceptible to the transient stress of warmed agar used in the standard methods pour plate procedure, causing significantly decreased recoveries in comparison with a spread plate technique. Microbial starvation can increase susceptibility to a transient warming stress. The standard plate count procedure, as presently described, should not be considered for quantitation of microorganisms from aquatic environments.
Erasure of signals on magnetic recording media (1976)

This paper explores some aspects of the erasure of signals from magnetic recording media. The first part gives the erasure characteristics for several different types of materials in current use for magnetic recording. A novel method of displaying the results shows that γ-Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> and Cobaloy metal alloy particles behave substantially the same, while CrO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and Co-doped gamma ferric oxide are different from them and from each other. The second part explores anomalous signal recurrence after complete erasure. It is shown that under certain conditions of storage a non-magnetic memory of the signal is left on the tape. This signal can be converted back to the magnetic form and measured, although its level is quite low. It is subsequently posible on most tapes to remove the non-magnetic signal. The plausibility of the "non-magnetic signal" hypothesis is supported by calculations of the expected level which are of the same order of magnitude as the levels actually measured.
A Reexamination of the Role of Oxygen in Retrolental Fibroplasia (1984)

A critical review of the literature of retrolental fibroplasia indicates that the cause of this disease is not yet known. Oxygen is certainly a critical factor but it is still not possible to make precise recommendations as to the amount or the duration of therapy that is safe. We have overemphasized the role of oxygen in the past, and as a result of this the false impression has been created that RLF is a disease that can be prevented. This gross oversimplification of a complex disease with multiple causes has resulted in many unjustified malpractice claims. A study of the present epidemic indicates that excessive oxygen administration probably plays a minor role, in contrast to the first epidemic in which prolonged oxygen administration was clearly a major factor. A reasonable working hypothesis is that the developing retina is highly sensitive to any disturbance in its oxygen supply, either hyperoxemic or hypoxemic. The retinal circulation is subject to the same wide fluctuations as the cerebral circulation in newborn infants. The very low-birth-weight, sick premature infant suffers from a number of conditions, many of which can seriously disturb the retinal circulation, resulting in hypoperfusion and ischemia. These factors (immaturity, hyperoxia, hypoxia, blood transfusions, intraventricular hemorrhage, apnea, infection, hypercarbia, hypocarbia, patent ductus arteriosus, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, vitamin E deficiency, lactic acidosis, prenatal complications, genetic factors) may all be present in an infant. They may interact to produce various degrees of retinal damage. Nearly all of these factors cannot be prevented or controlled by our present methods of care. Unfortunately, this means that RLF is an extremely difficult disease to prevent, treat, or investigate. A disease of this complexity with multiple causes will require very large numbers of infants in any controlled study of a therapy. Retrolental fibroplasia should not be considered an avoidable iatrogenic disease in very low-birth-weight infants. Its cause in these infants is not known.
The Global Regulatory Architecture of Transcription during the Caulobacter Cell Cycle (2015)

Each Caulobacter cell cycle involves differentiation and an asymmetric cell division driven by a cyclical regulatory circuit comprised of four transcription factors (TFs) and a DNA methyltransferase. Using a modified global 5' RACE protocol, we globally mapped transcription start sites (TSSs) at base-pair resolution, measured their transcription levels at multiple times in the cell cycle, and identified their transcription factor binding sites. Out of 2726 TSSs, 586 were shown to be cell cycle-regulated and we identified 529 binding sites for the cell cycle master regulators. Twenty-three percent of the cell cycle-regulated promoters were found to be under the combinatorial control of two or more of the global regulators. Previously unknown features of the core cell cycle circuit were identified, including 107 antisense TSSs which exhibit cell cycle-control, and 241 genes with multiple TSSs whose transcription levels often exhibited different cell cycle timing. Cumulatively, this study uncovered novel new layers of transcriptional regulation mediating the bacterial cell cycle.
Analytical and experimental investigation of aircraft metal structures reinforced with filamentary composites. Phase 2: Structural fatigue, thermal cycling, creep, and residual strength (1972)

Specimens representative of metal aircraft structural components reinforced with boron filamentary composites were manufactured and tested under cyclic loading, cyclic temperature, or continuously applied loading to evaluate some of the factors that affect structural integrity under cyclic conditions. Bonded, stepped joints were used throughout to provide composite-to-metal transition regions at load introduction points. Honeycomb panels with titanium or aluminum faces reinforced with unidirectional boron composite were fatigue tested at constant amplitude under completely reversed loading. Results indicated that the matrix material was the most fatigue-sensitive part of the design, with debonding initiating in the stepped joints. However, comparisons with equal weight all-metal specimens show a 10 to 50 times improved fatigue life. Fatigue crack propagation and residual strength were studied for several different stiffened panel concepts, and were found to vary considerably depending on the configuration. Composite-reinforced metal specimens were also subjected to creep and thermal cycling tests. Thermal cycling of stepped joint tensile specimens resulted in a ten percent decrease in residual strength after 4000 cycles.
SopE and SopE2 from Salmonella typhimurium Activate Different Sets of RhoGTPases of the Host Cell (2001)

The bacterial enteropathogen Salmonella typhimurium employs a specialized type III secretion system to inject toxins into host cells, which trigger signaling cascades leading to cell death in macrophages, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, or rearrangements of the host cell cytoskeleton and thus to bacterial invasion. Two of the injected toxins, SopE and the 69% identical protein SopE2, are highly efficient guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the RhoGTPase Cdc42 of the host cell. However, it has been a puzzle why S. typhimurium might employ two toxins with redundant function. We hypothesized that SopE and SopE2 might have different specificities for certain host cellular RhoGTPases. In vitro guanine nucleotide exchange assays and surface plasmon resonance measurements revealed that SopE is an efficient guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Cdc42 and Rac1, whereas SopE2 was interacting efficiently only with Cdc42, but not with Rac1. Affinity precipitation of Cdc42.GTP and Rac1.GTP from lysates and characteristic cytoskeletal rearrangements of infected tissue culture cells confirmed that SopE is highly efficient at activating Cdc42 and Rac1 in vivo, whereas SopE2 was efficiently activating Cdc42, but not Rac1. We conclude that the translocated effector proteins SopE and SopE2 allow S. typhimurium to specifically activate different sets of RhoGTPase signaling cascades.