gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization and functional expression in mammalian cells of genomic and cDNA clones encoding a Drosophila muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. (1989)

Genomic and cDNA clones encoding a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor from Drosophila melanogaster have been isolated. Sequence analysis demonstrates that this gene encodes a receptor with a high degree of amino acid identity to the mammalian muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and has three introns in the portion of the gene encoding the third putative cytoplasmic loop. A full-length cDNA clone has been placed under the control of the mouse metallothionein promotor and transfected into mouse Y1 adrenal cells. The receptor expressed in these cells exhibits the high-affinity binding for the antagonists quinuclidinyl benzilate and atropine expected of a muscarinic receptor. The Drosophila muscarinic receptor, when expressed in Y1 cells, is physiologically active, as measured by agonist-dependent stimulation of phosphatidylinositol metabolism.
Effect of dispersion, cation exchange and polymer/surfactant adsorptoin on chemical flood environment (1977)

Some aspects of the effects of dispersion, 2-cation exchange, and adsorption on a chemical flood are discussed. Results show that when slug sizes are small and dispersion is moderate, the inclusion of dispersion in the calculation can modify results that are calculated by methods that assume no dispersion. Moreover, a new phenomenon is described in which dispersion itself can initite cation exchange. Another phenomenon described is the asymptotic concentration profile toward which dispersive, self-sharpening fronts tend. (15 refs.)
Recent developments in picture quality evaluation (1991)

Image quality and impairment evaluation methods continue to develop in the light of experience, and to respond to the demands of new systems. The author outlines some recent progress in procedures, and particular developments associated with digital system evaluation and HDTV evaluation. The needs of digital television may be met by a new concept termed the 'picture-content failure-characteristics'. The needs of HDTV evaluations include new viewing conditions. Furthermore, a recent challenge in HDTV was to compare the quality potential of alternative HDTV production standards. He explains how a real scene was used as a reference in this case.
Improving Data Efficiency of Self-supervised Learning for Robotic Grasping (2019)

Given the task of learning robotic grasping solely based on a depth camera input and gripper force feedback, we derive a learning algorithm from an applied point of view to significantly reduce the amount of required training data. Major improvements in time and data efficiency are achieved by: Firstly, we exploit the geometric consistency between the undistorted depth images and the task space. Using a relative small, fully-convolutional neural network, we predict grasp and gripper parameters with great advantages in training as well as inference performance. Secondly, motivated by the small random grasp success rate of around 3 %, the grasp space was explored in a systematic manner. The final system was learned with 23 000 grasp attempts in around 60 h, improving current solutions by an order of magnitude. For typical bin picking scenarios, we measured a grasp success rate of (96.6 ± 1.0) %. Further experiments showed that the system is able to generalize and transfer knowledge to novel objects and environments.
Photothermal CO detection in a hollow-core negative curvature fiber (2019)

We demonstrate the first, to the best of our knowledge, photothermal carbon monoxide (CO) sensor using a hollow-core negative curvature fiber. The hollow-core fiber features a typical structure of one ring cladding containing eight nontouching capillaries to form a negative curvature core-surround. The photothermal effect in a 40-μm hollow core is induced by CO absorption at 2327 nm and detected by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer operating at 1533 nm. By using wavelength modulation spectroscopy, we achieve a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 4.4×10<sup>-8</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup> WHz<sup>-1/2</sup>. As CO has a very slow vibrational-translational relaxation process, we enhance the photothermal signal by enhancing the relaxation with the water vapor additive.
Probabilistic congestion control for non-adaptable flows (2002)

In this paper we present a TCP-friendly congestion control scheme for non-adaptable flows. The main characteristic of these flows is that their data rate is determined by an application and cannot be adapted to the current congestion situation of the network. Typical examples of non-adaptable flows are those produced by networked computer games or live audio and video transmissions where adaptation of the quality is not possible (e.g., since it is already at the lowest possible quality level). We propose to perform congestion control for non-adaptable flows by suspending them at appropriate times so that the aggregation of multiple non-adaptable flows behaves in a TCP-friendly manner. The decision whether or not a flow is to be suspended is based on random experiments. In order to allocate probabilities for these experiments, the data rate of the non-adaptable flow is compared to the rate that a TCP flow would achieve under the same conditions. We present a detailed discussion of the proposed scheme and evaluate it through extensive simulation with the network simulator ns-2.
Ghrelin-Producing Endocrine Tumors of the Stomach and Intestine (2001)

Ghrelin is a novel gastrointestinal hormone produced by about 20% of the rat and human gastric neuroendocrine cell population, which possesses strong GH-releasing activity, but also plays other central and peripheral roles, including influence on food intake, gastric motility, and acid secretion. The aim of the present study was to determine whether gastrointestinal endocrine hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions produce ghrelin, at both protein (immunohistochemistry) and mRNA (in situ hybridization and/or RT-PCR) levels, and express the GH secretagogue receptor mRNA by RT-PCR. Sixteen gastric and 20 intestinal carcinoids as well as normal gastrointestinal mucosa and atrophic gastritis-associated neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia were studied. The majority (12 of 16, 75%) of gastric carcinoids and only 5 of 18 (27%) of intestinal endocrine tumors were immunoreactive for ghrelin. In situ hybridization confirmed the immunohistochemical data, but also showed ghrelin mRNA in 1 gastric and 8 intestinal additional tumors. RT-PCR showed ghrelin mRNA in 14 of 14 cases, indicating a low level of ghrelin gene expression in all gastrointestinal endocrine tumors tested. Gastric neuroendocrine hyperplastic cells were also strongly positive for ghrelin. GH secretagogue receptor mRNA was absent in 3 gastric, but present in 7 of 11 intestinal carcinoids studied by RT-PCR. These findings demonstrate that most gastric carcinoids (and related neuroendocrine cell hyperplasias) and some intestinal carcinoids produce ghrelin. These hyperplastic/neoplastic conditions could represent the clinical model to clarify the existence and impact of ghrelin hypersecretion on endocrine and nonendocrine functions.
Augmented reality audio for mobile and wearable appliances (2004)

The concept of augmented reality audio characterizes techniques where a real sound environment is extended with virtual auditory environments and communications scenarios. A framework is introduced for mobile augmented reality audio (MARA) based on a specific headset configuration where binaural microphone elements are integrated into stereo earphones. When microphone signals are routed directly to the earphones, a user is exposed to a pseudoacoustic representation of the real environment. Virtual sound events are then mixed with microphone signals to produce a hybrid, an augmented reality audio representation, for the user. An overview of related technology, literature, and application scenarios is provided. Listening test results with a prototype system show that the proposed system has interesting properties. For example, in some cases listeners found it very difficult to determine which sound sources in an augmented reality audio representation are real and which are virtual.
Aggregate Roads Dust Control: A Brief Synthesis of Current Practices (2013)

More than 50 percent of United States roadways are gravel roads, making them a vital part of the transportation system. One of the drawbacks and biggest complaints about gravel roads is the dust they produce when vehicles drive over them. Residents that live on gravel roads deal with the dust that settles on their homes, yards, and parked cars, potentially reducing their quality of life. Dust can also have adverse effects on air quality and the environment and reduce the safety for drivers due to impaired vision. To control the dust on gravel roads, local agencies apply various dust suppressants on their roadways, mainly calcium chloride and magnesium chloride. However, many other dust suppressant options exist. The Minnesota Local Road Research Board (LRRB) has developed this document to provide local agencies with a summary of research that has been completed on various dust suppressants, their effectiveness, and impacts. Results from two surveys that document dust suppressants that local agencies (within Minnesota and Iowa) use is included as well.
My Borate Life: An Enigmatic Journey (2015)

Borates are enigmatic materials, in both the vitreous and crystalline states, in that their structures and properties do not reflect those of the corresponding silicates. Examples are given of this unusual behavior, and it is shown that it arises from two special features that are unique to borate systems, viz. a change in the coordination number of some of the boron atoms from 3 to 4 on the introduction of a network modifier such as Na 2 O , and the presence at low modifier fractions, x M , of superstructural units, which comprise rigid combinations of the basic borate structural units. These two factors are invoked to explain the anomalous variation of the properties of borate glasses with x M , including the so‐called borate anomaly , and the lecture concludes with four important questions in borate science that still remain unanswered.
Metabolic Adaptation of Human CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cells to T-Cell Receptor-Mediated Stimulation (2017)

Linking immunometabolic adaptation to T-cell function provides insight for the development of new therapeutic approaches in multiple disease settings. T-cell activation and downstream effector functions of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cells are controlled by the strength of interaction between the T-cell receptor (TCR) and peptides presented by human leukocyte antigens (pHLA). The role of TCR-pHLA interactions in modulating T-cell metabolism is unknown. Here, for the first time, we explore the relative contributions of the main metabolic pathways to functional responses in human CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cells. Increased expression of hexokinase II accompanied by higher basal glycolysis is demonstrated in CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells; cytokine production in CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cells is more reliant on oxidative phosphorylation. Using antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell clones and altered peptide ligands, we demonstrate that binding affinity tunes the underlying metabolic shift. Overall, this study provides important new insight into how metabolic pathways are controlled during antigen-specific activation of human T-cells.
Analytic Prediction of the Properties of Stratified Planetary Surface Layers (1973)

By considering the complex of one-point, turbulent moment equations for velocity, pressure and temperature, it appears possible to predict some properties of diabatic, density-stratified planetary layers using empirical information obtained from laboratory turbulence data in the absence of density stratification. In this paper attention is focused on the near-surface, constant-flux layer. The results, like the empirical input, are simple and, hopefully, will be instructive and useful in the formulation of improved and possibly more complicated models in the future.
A new synthetic protease inhibitor, E-3123, reduces organelle fragility of acinar cells in rat caerulein pancreatitis. (1991)

The present study investigated the protective effect of a new potent synthetic protease inhibitor, E-3123 (4-guanidinobenzoate methanesulfonate) on the exocrine pancreas in the caerulein induced experimental pancreatitis both in-vivo and in-vitro at 3 different doses (1, 2, and 5 mg/kg.hr). This protease inhibitor prevented hyperamylasemia, pancreatic edema, congestion of amylase, and both amylase and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) discharge from dispersed acini, as well as cathepsin B leakage from lysosomes and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) leakage from mitochondria in a dose-dependent manner, particularly in doses of 2 and 5 mg/kg.hr. Furthermore, the combined prophylactic and therapeutic use of this agent seems to be very effective in preventing caerulein induced pancreatitis. These results indicate that E-3123 plays its protective roles against pancreatitis in the subcellular compartment: lysosomes, mitochondria, cellular or organella membranes. It is hoped that such a low molecular weight protease inhibitor as E-3123 will be clinically useful in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
Selective killing of HIV-1-positive macrophages and T cells by the Rev-dependent lentivirus carrying anthrolysin O from Bacillus anthracis (2008)

The Rev-dependent lentiviral vector has demonstrated its specificity in targeting persistently infected cells. The choice of anlO as the first suicidal gene tested in this vector is based on its cytolytic activity in macrophages and T cells. We conclude that Rev-regulated expression of suicidal genes in HIV-1-positive cells is possible, although future in vivo delivery of this system needs to address numerous safety issues.
Linear MALDI-ToF simultaneous spectrum deconvolution and baseline removal (2018)

We introduced a new method for peak picking, where peak deconvolution and baseline computation are performed jointly. On simulated data we showed that this global approach performs better than a classical one where baseline and peaks are processed sequentially. A dedicated experiment has been conducted on real spectra. In this study a collection of spectra of spiked proteins were acquired and then analyzed. Better performances of the proposed method, in term of accuracy and reproductibility, have been observed and validated by an extended statistical analysis.
Nucleophosmin gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. (2006)

Detection of NPM1 gene mutations may allow dissection of the heterogeneous group of AML with normal karyotype into prognostically different subgroups. Exploring the mechanisms may lead to a better understanding of how mutant NPM protein becomes leukemogenic, thereby providing insights for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents.
Transient Electrochemical Processes During Cu-Ni Deposition (2003)

SUMMARYRecent investigations on nanostructured metal multilayers have shown that interfaces between each bi-layer can affect the properties of a multilayer. Transient current and potential data after the application of a potential step or a current step, respectively, during the codeposition of copper and nickel from a citrate electrolyte have been investigated. It has been found that on the application of a current step only copper is reduced at first, followed by the deposition of a copper-nickel alloy. Once the current is switched off, nickel (or a nickel-rich) alloy is dissolved from the deposit due to displacement by copper. Transient potentials and steady-state polarisation data can be used to determine the amount of nickel dissolved from a deposit.
Skin antigens in the steady state are trafficked to regional lymph nodes by transforming growth factor-β1-dependent cells (2001)

Antigen capturing in the skin and antigen trafficking into regional lymph nodes (LN) initiate immune responses. In this study, employing melanin granule (MG) as an easily traceable antigen in two mouse strains that carried steel factor or hepatocyte growth factor transgenes and had melanocytosis in the epidermis or in the dermis respectively, we investigated the mechanism of antigen trafficking from the skin. MG captured in the epidermis or dermis accumulated in the regional LN, but not other tissues. Only in alymphoplastic mice did MG-laden cells pass through the lymphatics and reached many tissues. Since inflammatory regions were not observed in the skin of either type of transgenic mouse, our developmental system enables us to investigate constitutive capturing and trafficking of insoluble antigens in the steady state. Both dendritic cells and macrophages were laden with MG in the regional LN. To determine which cells traffic antigens to the LN, we prepared double mutants that carried the transgenes and lacked transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, since mice lacking TGF-beta1 are reported to be deficient of Langerhans cells. Few MG were observed in the regional LN of these double-mutant mice. We also showed that signaling via macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor or Flt3/Flk2 is not essential for development of the cells for this antigen trafficking. These results indicate that antigens in the epidermis and dermis in the steady state are trafficked into regional LN only by TGF-beta1-dependent cells, which may be a dendritic cell lineage.
Notes - Some Organolithium Compounds of Quinoline and 2-Phenylquinoline (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Some Organolithium Compounds of Quinoline and 2-PhenylquinolineHenry Gilman and Theodore SoddyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 10, 1584–1585Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1958Publication History Published online11 June 2003Published inissue 1 October 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01104a627https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01104a627research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Making homogeneous and fine droplet O/W emulsions using nonionic surfactants (1981)

Abstract In many emulsion systems, creaming occurs during the first stage of emulsion breakdown. To reduce the rate of creaming, emulsions having small and uniform droplets are desirable. In this work, types and HLB of nonionic surfactants, emulsification methods, and combinations of oils and nonionic surfactants were investigated in order to make stable and homogeneous emulsions. Emulsification was attained by dissolving the surfactants in the oil phases. The addition speed and volume of water to the oil phases were important factors affecting the emulsion droplet size. The change of the solute state in the process of emulsification was observed stage by stage, and the mechanism of emulsification was elucidated. Homogeneous emulsions were formed in the HLB region, showing liquid crystalline and gel phases in the emulsifying process. The addition speed of water to the oil phase was very important in forming the liquid crystalline and gel phases. Polyoxyethylene(n)sorbitan monostearate could emulsify three kinds of oils (hydrocarbon, fatty acid ester and triglyceride). Polyoxyethylene(n)alkyl ether could emulsify hydrocarbon and fatty acid ester. Polyoxyethylene(n)‐monostearate could emulsify only hydrocarbon. Surfactants with proper HLB which were soluble in the oil phase and in the presence of a very small amount of water formed a stable emulsion. The solubility state of oil and surfactant was the key to making a fine emulsion.
Experimental model of anal fistula in rats (2013)

Abstract Introduction the management of anal fistula remains debatable. The lack of a standard treatment free of complications stimulates the development of new options. Objective to develop an experimental model of anal fistula in rats. Methods to surgically create an anal fistula in 10 rats with Seton introduced through the anal sphincter musculature.The animals were euthanized for histological fistula tract assessment. Results all ten specimens histologically assessed had a lumen and surrounding granulation tissue. There was complete epithelialization of the tract in two samples, halfway epithelialization in one sample and epithelialization of only the outer portion in six samples. Epithelialization was not evident in one tract. Conclusion anal fistulas in rats were histologically proved.
Non-Alloyed Ohmic Contacts on GaAs Using Metal-Interlayer-Semiconductor Structure With SF<sub>6</sub>Plasma Treatment (2016)

We demonstrate the effect of SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> plasma passivation with a ZnO interlayer in a metal-interlayer-semiconductor (MIS) structure to reduce source/drain (S/D) contact resistance. The interface trap states and the metal-induced gap states causing the Fermi-level pinning problem are effectively alleviated by passivating the GaAs surface with SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> plasma treatment and inserting a thin ZnO interlayer, respectively. Specific contact resistivity exhibits ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> × reduction when the GaAs surface is treated with SF6 plasma, followed by ZnO interlayer deposition, compared with the Ti/n-GaAs (~2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ) S/D contact. This result proposes the promising non-alloyed S/D ohmic contact for III-V semiconductor-based transistors.
Mutational analysis of the yeast multidrug resistance ABC transporter Pdr5p with altered drug specificity (2005)

Multidrug resistance ABC transporter Pdr5p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is particularly important due to its ability to export a wide range of unrelated substrates. To clarify its function, we generated Pdr5p mutants by random mutagenesis and screened for mutants with altered drug specificity in vivo by using 5 drug compounds. Nine point mutations that caused significant changes in drug specificity distributed throughout the length of Pdr5p, namely, in the extracellular, transmembrane or cytoplasmic regions of the transporter. We then investigated their effects upon drug resistance, using 36 chemically related or distinct substrates. From this study, overall geometry of the Pdr5p was suggested to contribute in acquiring the enormous range of drug specificity. Based on their ability to inhibit the growth of the mutant strains, the 36 tested drugs were classified into: drugs to which the mutants responded differently (Group 1), drugs to which all the mutants showed sensitivity (Group 2), and drugs to which all the mutants exhibited resistance (Group 3). The ability of the compounds to be partitioned to the plasma membrane seemed an important factor for recognition by Pdr5p.