gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retailers' optimal strategy of free gift card with expiry date (2014)

Offering “free” gift cards with expiry date is very popular among retailers. In this paper, we formulated and solved a model for jointly determining the optimal purchase amount threshold, gift card value and expiry date. The model shows that retailers' profit margin and consumers' valuation for additional purchase are the critical factors in determining the profitability of retailers adopting gift card. Gift card can be very profitable for high-margin retailers and high-utility of consumers' additional purchase. Moreover, we find that retailers' profits increase with the expiry date of the gift card. That is to say, setting expiry date to gift card can't help retailers' got more profits.
Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitor with Stacked Copper Foils Coated with Graphene Nanoplatelets (2018)

The energy density of conventional supercapacitors is in the range of 6-10 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup>, which has restricted them from many applications that require devices with long durations. Herein, we report a method for enhancing the energy density of a device through the parallel stacking of five copper foils coated on each side with graphene nanoplatelets. Microporous papers immersed in 2 M aqueous sodium sulphate were used as separators. With a low contact resistance of 0.05 Ω, the supercapacitor yielded an optimum specific energy density and a specific power density of 24.64 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> and 402 W kg<sup>-1</sup> at 0.8 V, respectively. The working potential was increased to 2.4 V when three of the supercapacitors were connected in series, forming a tandem device. Its potential for real applications was manifested by the ability to light up a light-emitting diode for 40 s after charging for 60 s.
Optimal Power Allocation in Spatial Modulation OFDM for Visible Light Communications (2012)

This paper constructs a model for Optical Spatial Modulation Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (O-SM-OFDM). It investigates the effects of different power allocation schemes on bit error ratio (BER) performance. Optical features such as the DCO technique, the LED non-linearity and the indoor optical channel are considered. Under power constraint, when making power difference between transmitters, we discussed trade-off between the accuracy of the spatial domain bits detection and that of signal domain bits detection. We investigated the relationship between transmitter power surplus, spatial BER, signal BER, system total BER and signal to noise ratio (SNR). The optimal point of transmission power difference is found to be around 11.5 dB.
Response of European Cherry Fruit Flies to Colored Rectangles1 (1971)

When the response of Rhagoletis cerasi (L.) to 27 colors or shades of enamel paint was assayed under orchard conditions, more flies were captured on stickycoated rectangles painted yellow or dark tints of yellow than on any other. Daylight fluorescent yellow captured even more flies than yellow enamel. Evidence indicates that the flies’ response to yellow was one of positive attraction and true color discrimination. The biological basis of fly response to yellow may lie in the fact that yellow is the most intensely reflective color in the general part of the spectrum where green leaves (on which flies find food) reflect their most light, 500-600 mµ.
Predicting drug-disease associations based on the known association bipartite network (2017)

Recent studies show that drug-disease associations provide important information for drug discovery and drug repositioning. Wet experimental identification of drug-disease associations is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, the development of computational methods that predict drug-disease associations is an urgent task. In this paper, we propose a novel computational method named NTSIM, which only uses known drug-disease associations to predict unobserved associations. First of all, known drug-disease associations are represented as a drug-disease bipartite network, and a novel similarity measure named linear neighborhood similarity (LNS) is proposed to calculate drug-drug similarity and disease-disease similarity based on the bipartite network. Then, we predict unobserved drug-disease associations in the similarity-based graph by using label propagation process. In the computational experiments, this proposed method achieves high-accuracy performances, and outperforms representative state-of-the-art methods: PREDICT, TL-HGBI and LRSSL. Our studies reveal that known drug-disease associations can provide enough information to build the high-accuracy prediction models; linear neighbor similarity (LNS) can lead to better performances than other similarity measures such as Jaccard similarity, Gauss similarity and cosine similarity; the bipartite network-derived features outperform the drug biological features and disease semantic features.
Econometric Mediation Analyses: Identifying the Sources of Treatment Effects from Experimentally Estimated Production Technologies with Unmeasured and Mismeasured Inputs (2014)

This paper presents an econometric mediation analysis. It considers identification of production functions and the sources of output effects (treatment effects) from experimental interventions when some inputs are mismeasured and others are entirely omitted. JEL Code: D24, C21, C43, C38.
Anion-Mediated Transfer of Polyarginine across Liquid and Bilayer Membranes (2003)

The accumulation of reports on the puzzling behavior of guanidinium-rich oligo/polymers in bilayer membranes, reaching from HIV-Tat-like (HIV Tat is the human immunodeficiency virus transactivator of transcription) translocation to selectivity and voltage-gating of ion channels, prompted us to investigate possible contributions from counteranions to these phenomena. We report that anion-mediated variability of charge and solubility makes guanidinium-rich oligo/polymers adaptable to many environments. For example, poly- and hexaarginine but not polylysine phase transferred from water into chloroform in the presence of amphiphilic anions such as monomeric sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), egg yolk phosphatidylglycerol (EYPG), cholesterol sulfate, pyrenebutyrate, and stearate. Hydrophilic anions with high affinity inhibited phase transfer of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF)-polyarginine complexes into bulk membranes (sulfate, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, heparin, and micellar SDS). At least binary anion cocktails were necessary to activate polyarginine as a carrier in bulk chloroform membranes. Refined combinations of EYPG, phosphate, and azide or TFA were found to maximize translocation of CF across bulk membranes by polyarginine. Polyarginine-mediated CF efflux from large unilamellar vesicles was best in the presence of EYPG in the bilayer as well as phosphate and TFA in the medium. Similar regulatory activities of several anions were in support of a common carrier mechanism for guanidinium-rich oligo/polymers in bulk and bilayer membranes. The identified activities of polyarginine in bulk and lipid membranes suggested that anion-mediated adaptability of the solubility of guanidinium-rich oligo/polymers cannot be ignored in studies on biological function. The infinite variability and dynamic nature of available regulatory anion cocktails may contribute to the elusive character of guanidinium-rich oligo/polymer function in biomembranes.
Design of a shear-thinning recoverable peptide hydrogel from native sequences and application for influenza H1N1 vaccine adjuvant (2011)

Peptide hydrogels are considered injectable materials for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Most published hydrogel-forming sequences contain either alternating-charged and non-charged residues or amphiphilic blocks. Here, we report a self-assembling peptide, h9e (FLIVIGSIIGPGGDGPGGD), designed by rationally combining two native sequences from an elastic segment of spider silk and a trans-membrane segment of human muscle L-type calcium channel. The turning segment GSII of h9e promoted hydrogel formation in both Ca2+ solution and acidic pH conditions at water content greater than 99.5%. Although h9e Ca2+ hydrogel and h9e acidic hydrogel have the same sequence, they have distinct physical properties. The shear-thinning, rapid-strength-recovering h9e Ca2+ hydrogel was used as an H1N1 influenza vaccine adjuvant. The h9e adjuvant was biologically safe and improved immune response by ∼70% compared with an oil-based commercial adjuvant.
Fibronectin fragments released from phorbol ester-stimulated pulmonary artery endothelial cell monolayers promote neutrophil chemotaxis. (1991)

We have recently shown that monolayer cultures of calf pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE) cells pretreated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) generate a conditioned medium that is chemotactic for human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL). Fibronectin (Fn) is a multidomain protein found in the plasma and subendothelial extracellular matrix that induces attachment and migration of a variety of cell types. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of Fn or fragments of Fn present in conditioned medium from phorbol ester-stimulated endothelial cells as potential chemotactic factors for human PMNL. A large number of Fn fragments were revealed by Western immunoblotting of serum-free conditioned medium 4 hr after treatment of CPAE monolayers with PMA. Gelatin-Sepharose affinity chromatography of 4-hr conditioned medium demonstrated chemotactic activity for PMNL in both gelatin-binding and non-gelatin-binding fractions. The addition of bovine Fn antiserum to the conditioned medium inhibited PMNL chemotaxis in a dose-dependent manner while having no effect on PMNL chemotaxis generated by zymosan-activated serum. One site on the Fn molecule known to interact with phagocytic cells is the cell-binding domain containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence. Pretreatment of PMNL with a RGD-containing peptide (1 mM GRGDSPK) for 10 min completely inhibited the expression of chemotactic activity present in conditioned medium and in the gelatin-binding and non-gelatin-binding fractions. PMNL chemotaxis was not stimulated by either intact Fn or the RGD-containing septapeptide tested over a wide concentration range. However, incubation of PMNL with a purified 120,000-MW fragment of Fn containing the cell-binding domain stimulated chemotaxis in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, a purified 45,000 MW fragment of Fn containing the gelatin-binding domain was not chemotactic for PMNL. When a monoclonal antibody directed against the cell-binding domain of Fn was incubated with conditioned medium, a significant reduction in PMNL chemotaxis was observed. These results demonstrate that phorbol ester-stimulated pulmonary artery endothelial cells release Fn fragments and suggest an important role for Fn fragments containing the cell-binding domain in stimulating the migration of PMNL.
SCAPI: The Secure Computation Application Programming Interface. (2012)

Secure two-party and multiparty computation has long stood at the center of the foundations of theoretical cryptography. Recently, however, interest has grown regarding the efficiency of such protocols and their application in practice. As a result, there has been significant progress on this problem and it is possible to actually carry out secure computation for non-trivial tasks on reasonably large inputs. Part of this research goal of making secure computation practical has also involved implementations. Such implementations are of importance for two reasons: first, they demonstrate the real efficiency of known and new protocols; second, they deepen our understanding regarding where the bottlenecks in efficiency lie. However, it is very hard to compare between implementations by different research groups since they are carried out on different platforms and using different infrastructures. In addition, most implementations have been carried out without the goal of code reuse, and so are not helpful to other researchers. The difficulty of beginning implementation projects is further compounded by the fact that existing cryptographic libraries (like openSSL, Bouncy Castle, and others) are tailored for tasks like encryption, authentication and key-exchange, and not for secure computation. We have
Carbon nanotube-based cathodes for microwave tubes (2002)

Summary form only given. In this paper we describe the approach and apparatus for realizing and testing field emission cathodes based on carbon nanotubes for microwave tubes. These are intended to replace thermionic cathodes, avoiding their cost and fabricational difficulties while producing pulse current densities at least 10 A/cm. The carbon nanotubes are grown on molybdenum substrates such that the tubes are oriented normal to the surface. The tubes are roughly 10 nm in diameter and 1 micron in height, with a spacing chosen for maximum current density. Cathodes with areas up to 10 cm/sup 2/ will be fabricated and tested in a Pierce-gun geometry using a 1 microsecond pulse, 100 A @ 100 kV pulser. Results of measurements of the current and current uniformity as a function of tube density, height and voltage will be presented.
Prostate Cancer: MR Imaging–guided Galvanotherapy—Technical Development and First Clinical Results (2007)

http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/245/2/895/DC1.
A 100-Mb/s 2.8-V CMOS current-mode analog Viterbi decoder (2002)

This paper describes a 4-state rate-1/2 analog convolutional decoder fabricated in 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Although analog implementations have been described in the literature, this decoder is the first to be reported realizing the add-compare-select section entirely with current-mode analog circuits. It operates at data rates up to 115 Mb/s (channel rate 230 Mb/s) and consumes 39 mW at that rate from a single 2.8-V power supply. At a rate of 100 Mb/s, the power consumption per trellis state is about 1/3 that of a comparable digital system. In addition, at 50 Mb/s (the only rate at which comparative data were available), the power consumption per trellis state is similarly about 1/3 that of the best competing analog realization (i.e., excluding, for example, PR4 detectors which use a simplified form of the Viterbi algorithm). The chip contains 3.7 K transistors of which less than 1 K are used in the analog part of the decoder. The die has a core area of 1 mm/sup 2/, of which about 1/3 contains the analog section. The measured performance is close to that of an ideal Viterbi decoder with infinite quantization. In addition, a technique is described which extends the application of the circuits to decoders with a larger number of states. A typical example is a 64-state decoder for use in high-speed satellite communications.
Herbicidal Activity of an Isopropylmalate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor (1994)

Isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IPMDH) is the third enzyme specific to leucine biosynthesis. It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 3-isopropylmalate (3-IPM) to 2-ketoisocaproic acid. The partially purified enzyme from pea (Pisum sativum L.) shows a broad pH optimum of 7.8 to 9.1 and has Km values for 3-IPM and NAD of 18 and 40 [mu]M, respectively. O-Isobutenyl oxalylhydroxamate (O-IbOHA) has been discovered to be an excellent inhibitor of the pea IPMDH, with an apparent inhibitor constant of 5 nM. As an herbicide, O-IbOHA showed only moderate activity on a variety of broadleaf and grass species. We characterized the herbicidal activity of O-IbOHA on corn (Zea mays L.), a sensitive species; giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) and morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea [L.] Roth), moderately tolerant species; and soybean [Glycine max L. Merr.), a tolerant species. Differences in tolerance among the species were not due to differences in the sensitivity of IPMDH. Studies with [14C]O-IbOHA suggested that uptake and translocation were not major limitations for herbicidal activity, nor were they determinants of tolerance. Moreover, metabolism could not account for the difference in tolerance of corn, foxtail, and morning glory, although it might account for the tolerance of soybean. Herbicidal activity on all four species was correlated with the accumulation of 3-IPM in the plants.
Computer aided manipulator control (1980)

This paper describes the hardware and software system of a dedicated mini- and microcomputer network developed at the JPL teleoperator project to aid the operator in real-time control of remote manipulators. The operator can be in series or in parallel with the control computer during operation. The purpose of the project is to develop, demonstrate and evaluate advanced supervisory control concepts and techniques for space applications. The paper concludes with a brief outline of future development plans and issues.
A Dual Ascent and Column Generation Heuristic for the Discrete Lotsizing and Scheduling Problem with Setup Times (1993)

In this paper the Discrete Lotsizing and Scheduling Problem (DLSP) with setup times is considered. DLSP is the problem of determining the sequence and size of production batches for multiple items on a single machine. The objective is to find a minimal cost production schedule such that dynamic demand is fulfilled without backlogging. DLSP is formulated as a Set Partitioning Problem (SPP). We present a dual ascent and column generation heuristic to solve SPP. The quality of the solutions can be measured, since the heuristic generates lower and upper bounds. Computational results on a personal computer show that the heuristic is rather effective, both in terms of quality of the solutions as well as in terms of required memory and computation time.
Tobramycin and FDA-Approved Iron Chelators Eliminate <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilms on Cystic Fibrosis Cells (2009)

The ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to form antibiotic-resistant biofilms is thought to account for the inability of current therapies to resolve bacterial infections in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We recently described a system in which highly antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa biofilms grow on human CF airway epithelial cells, and using this system we showed that enhanced iron release from CF cells facilitates the development of such highly antibiotic-resistant biofilms. Given the positive role for iron in biofilm development, we investigated whether the FDA-approved iron chelators deferoxamine and deferasirox would enhance the ability of tobramycin, the primary antibiotic used to treat CF lung infections, to eliminate P. aeruginosa biofilms. The combination of tobramycin with deferoxamine or deferasirox reduced established biofilm biomass by approximately 90% and reduced viable bacteria by 7-log units. Neither tobramycin nor deferoxamine nor deferasirox alone had such a marked effect. The combination of tobramycin and FDA-approved iron chelators also prevented the formation of biofilms on CF airway cells. These data suggest that the combined use of tobramycin and FDA-approved iron chelators may be an effective therapy to treat patients with CF and other lung disease characterized by antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa biofilms.
Models of Grid Cell Spatial Firing Published 2005–2011 (2012)

Since the discovery of grid cells in rat entorhinal cortex, many models of their hexagonally arrayed spatial firing fields have been suggested. We review the models and organize them according to the mechanisms they use to encode position, update the positional code, read it out in the spatial grid pattern, and learn any patterned synaptic connections needed. We mention biological implementations of the models, but focus on the models on Marr's algorithmic level, where they are not things to individually prove or disprove, but rather are a valuable collection of metaphors of the grid cell system for guiding research that are all likely true to some degree, with each simply emphasizing different aspects of the system. For the convenience of interested researchers, MATLAB implementations of the discussed grid cell models are provided at ModelDB accession 144006 or http://people.bu.edu/zilli/gridmodels.html.
Evaluation of Continuous Lactate Monitoring Systems within a Heparinized In Vivo Porcine Model Intravenously and Subcutaneously (2018)

We present an animal model used to evaluate the in vivo performance of electrochemical amperometric continuous lactate sensors compared to blood gas instruments. Electrochemical lactate sensors were fabricated, placed into 5 Fr central venous catheters (CVCs), and paired with wireless potentiostat devices. Following in vivo evaluation and calibration, sensors were placed within the jugular and femoral veins of a porcine subject as a preliminary assessment of in vivo measurement accuracy. The mobile electronic circuit potentiostat devices supplied the operational voltage for the sensors, measured the resultant steady-state current, and recorded the sensor response values in internal memory storages. An in vivo time trace of implanted intravenous (IV) sensors demonstrated lactate values that correlated well with the discrete measurements of blood samples on a benchtop point-of-care sensor-based instrument. Currents measured continuously from the implanted lactate sensors over 10 h were converted into lactate concentration values through use of a two-point in vivo calibration. Study shows that intravenously implanted sensors had more accurate readings, faster peak-reaching rates, and shorter peak-detection times compared to subcutaneously placed sensors. IV implanted and subcutaneously placed sensors closer to the upper body (in this case neck) showed faster response rates and more accurate measurements compared to those implanted in the lower portion of the porcine model. This study represents an important milestone not only towards continuous lactate monitoring for early diagnosis and intervention in neonatal patients with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgeries, but also in the intervention of critical ill patients in the Intensive Care Units or during complex surgical procedures.
Improving care planning and communication (2002)

Care can become fractured when different groups of nurses fail to reach agreement on implementing a patient’s care plan. Andy Young discusses why coherent care plans are vital
Multi-Resolutional Ensemble of Stacked Dilated U-Net for Inner Cell Mass Segmentation in Human Embryonic Images (2018)

Identifying different components of a developing human embryo is a crucial step toward achieving automatic objective quality assessment of such embryo. Inner Cell Mass (ICM), part of the embryo that will eventually develop into a fetus, is one of the most important components of a human blastocyst and its morphological attributes are highly correlated with the overall quality of the embryo. In this paper, a deep learning based semantic segmentation approach is proposed to take on the challenging task of ICM segmentation. Particularly, multi-resolutional ensemble of stacked dilated U-Net is proposed for accurate segmentation of this region. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method achieves the best reported results to date with average Precision of 88.6%, Recall of 91.5%, Accuracy of 98.3%, Dice Coefficient of 89.5% and Jaccard Index of 81.6%.
Low-bias high-speed quantum random number generator via shaped optical pulses (2010)

We present an optical quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on the digitized time interval between random photon arrivals. By tailoring the photon flux of the laser diode, the statistics of the waiting-time distribution are altered to approximate the ideal, uniform case. This greatly reduces the need for post-processing, and enables fast, secure quantum random number generation at rates exceeding 110 Mbit/s.