gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Biodegradation of Toluene and <i>p</i>‐Xylene in a Novel Bioreactor: Experimental Results and Mathematical Analysis (1993)

Abstract Simultaneous biodegradation of toluene and p ‐xylene was performed in a novel bioreactor, and the performance was analyzed on the basis of both experimental and mathematical simulation results. The novel bioreactor employed a silicon tubing as a supplier of the aromatic solvents to be treated, and the transfer rate of toluene and p ‐xylene into the culture broth was easily controlled. Batch, sequencing batch, and continuous mode of operation were carried out in the novel bioreactor to compare the performance of the biodegradation of solvent mixture. Sequencing batch operation worked well, but several operational difficulties were found. Continuous operation was shown to present higher biodegradation rates and operational stability. The continuous biodegradation process was mathematically simulated, and operational conditions were optimized on the basis of the simulation results.
Effect of Erythropoietin on Angiogenesis With the Increased Adhesion of Platelets to the Microvessels in the Hind-Limb Ischemia Model in Mice (2010)

Erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to enhance angiogenesis, but its precise mechanisms of enhancement during ischemia are not fully elucidated. We examined the effect of EPO on blood flow recovery from acute hind-limb ischemia induced by ligation of the femoral artery in male C57Bl/6 mice. The density of microvessels with platelet adhesion in ischemic tissues was assessed by intravital microscopy. Treatment with EPO (100 and 1000 IU/kg, i.p.) restored blood flow in a dose-dependent manner and increased plasma levels of soluble-P-selectin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and stromal cell–derived factor (SDF-1). Flow cytometric analysis revealed increased P-selectin expression on platelets in EPO-treated mice compared to PBS-treated mice. Intravital microscopic studies showed that EPO increased density of microvessels with platelet adhesion selectively in the ischemic tissues. Neutralizing antibody against P-selectin reduced the density of microvessels with platelet adhesion enhanced with EPO and impaired blood flow recovery with reductions in VEGF and SDF-1 levels. These results suggest that EPO administration enhances recovery from hind-limb ischemia, and platelet adhesion to the microvessels is a key event to enhance the angiogenesis in the ischemic tissues.
Pharmacokinetics of clavulanic acid, given in combination with amoxycillin, in volunteers (1985)

To study the absorption and disposition of clavulanic acid, ten healthy men received one intravenous and one oral dose of 125 mg clavulanic acid in combination with amoxycillin. Serum and urine concentrations were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. The mean terminal half-lives in serum were 0.97 and 0.94 h, respectively. Total serum clearance was 248 +/- 55 ml/min X 1.73 m2. Renal clearance was 108 +/- 20 and 115 +/- 18 ml/min X 1.73 m2 after intravenous and peroral administration. Urinary recovery over 12 h was 49.4 +/- 8.7% of the intravenous and 35.7 +/- 13.0% of the oral dose. The bioavailability of the oral dose averaged 60.0 +/- 23.1% but varied considerably (range 31.4-98.8%), indicating very variable absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
Speechreading using shape and intensity information (1996)

We describe a speechreading system that uses both shape information from the lip contours and intensity information from the mouth area. Shape information is obtained by tracking and parameterizing the inner and outer lip boundary in an image sequence. Intensity information is extracted from a grey level model, based on principal component analysis. In comparison to other approaches, the intensity area deforms with the shape model to ensure that similar object features are represented after non-rigid deformation of the lips. We describe speaker independent recognition experiments based on these features and hidden Markov models. Preliminary results suggest that similar performance can be achieved by using either shape or intensity information and slightly higher performance by their combined use.
Full Wafer Fabrication Process for Microfluidic Glass Chips with Electroplated Electrodes (2007)

A full wafer fabrication process is presented for fabrication of microfluidic chips with integrated electroplated electrodes. The process is based on structured dry film resist on glass. The photoresist is bonded to a second glass substrate using heat and pressure. The chemical stability of the resist allows electroplating of electrodes after structuring the microfluidic network. At the same time it serves as an electroplating mask. The method gives full design flexibility to the user, is very fast and extremely simple. The process is used for creating electrophoretic chips with an integrated sacrificial silver-chloride electrode for bubble-free actuation.
Quantitation by Isobaric Labeling: Applications to Glycomics (2007)

The study of glycosylation patterns (glycomics) in biological samples is an emerging field that can provide key insights into cell development and pathology. A current challenge in the field of glycomics is to determine how to quantify changes in glycan expression between different cells, tissues, or biological fluids. Here we describe a novel strategy, quantitation by isobaric labeling (QUIBL), to facilitate comparative glycomics. Permethylation of a glycan with (13)CH 3I or (12)CH 2DI generates a pair of isobaric derivatives, which have the same nominal mass. However, each methylation site introduces a mass difference of 0.002922 Da. As glycans have multiple methylation sites, the total mass difference for the isobaric pair allows separation and quantitation at a resolution of approximately 30000 m/Delta m. N-Linked oligosaccharides from a standard glycoprotein and human serum were used to demonstrate that QUIBL facilitates relative quantitation over a linear dynamic range of 2 orders of magnitude and permits the relative quantitation of isomeric glycans. We applied QUIBL to quantitate glycomic changes associated with the differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells to embryoid bodies.
Chest Wall Vibrations in Singers (1983)

The chest wall vibrations generated by phonation were examined with respect to origin, amplitude, and spectrum in seven singers. The vibrations were picked up in male and female singer subjects by means of small accelerometers, which were fastened to the skin on the center of the sternum, and, for the purpose of comparison, on the thyroid cartilage and on the trachea a few cm below the larynx. Among the factors which influence the chest wall vibrations, the subglottal pressure oscillations seem to represent the most important excitation, while the mechanical shocks from the vocal fold vibrations seem secondary. Supra- and subglottal resonances seem moderately influential. The results of the investigation suggest that it is the voice source, particularly the amplitude of its fundamental, which is reflected in the chest wall vibrations. The amplitude of these vibrations seem to lie above the threshold of the Pacinian receptors for vibratory sensation as long as the fundamental frequency is below approximately 300 Hz. The amplitude of the voice source fundamental and hence the sensation of chest vibrations vary considerably as phonation is changed along the phonatory dimension which ranges from "pressed/tense/strained" through "flow" to "breathy" phonation. For this reason it seems likely that the sensation of chest vibrations can serve as a useful nonauditory and hence room-independent signal for the voluntary control of phonation.
Cyclobutarenes. Part 3. Synthesis of bromodicyclobutarenes and some new derivatives of the benzocyclobutabiphenylenes (1988)

Sodium iodide debromination of tetrakis- and hexakis-(dibromomethyl)carbocycles gives bromodicyclobutarenes and/or quinodimethanes, and o-bis(dibromomethyl)biphenylenes give cyclobutabiphenylene derivatives. Dehydrohalogenation of these compounds generates cyclobutadienoid intermediates, some reactions of which are described.
Classifying Multivariate Time Series by Learning Sequence-level Discriminative Patterns (2018)

Time series classification algorithms designed to use local context do not work on landcover classification problems where the instances of the two classes may often exhibit similar feature values due to the large natural variations in other land covers across the year and unrelated phenomena that they undergo. In this paper, we propose to learn discriminative patterns from the entire length of the time series, and use them as predictive features to identify the class of interest. We propose a novel neural network algorithm to learn the key signature of the class of interest as a function of the feature values together with the discriminative pattern made from that signature through the entire time series in a joint framework. We demonstrate the utility of this technique on the landcover classification application of burned area mapping that is of considerable societal importance.
A dual axis silicon gyroscope based on thermal convective effect (2006)

This paper presents the design, simulation and fabrication of a dual axis semiconductor gas gyroscope. The sensor configuration consists of a piezoelectric pump and a micro thermal sensing element, packaged in an aluminum case with diameter and length of 14 mm and 25 mm, respectively. Good agreement between the sensitivity simulation results and the experimental data has been realized. This sensor is to be applied in ship anti-rolling and stabilization systems.
Performance of the proof-of-concept multi-beam mask writer (MBMW POC) (2013)

Two proof-of-concept electron multi-beam mask writer tools (MBMW POC) have been realized,which are utilizing262,144 programmable beams of 20nm beam size and 50keV beam energy to pattern 6" mask blanks. Tool characterization details and test results are outlined. Especially,LMSIPRO4 measurements (after development inspection) of short term and long term stability of the 82μm x 82μm beam array field are discussed.Scale stability of the beam array field of 0.1nm per day is demonstrated.
Improve Computer-Aided Diagnosis With Machine (2007)

In computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), machine learn- ing techniques have been widely applied to learn a hypothesis from diagnosed samples to assist the medical experts in making a diagnosis. To learn a well-performed hypothesis, a large amount of diagnosed samples are required. Although the samples can be easily collected from routine medical examinations, it is usually impossible for medical experts to make a diagnosis for each of the collected samples. If a hypothesis could be learned in the presence of a large amount of undiagnosed samples, the heavy burden on the medical experts could be released. In this paper, a new semisupervised learning algorithm named Co-Forest is pro- posed. It extends the co-training paradigm by using a well-known ensemble method named Random Forest, which enables Co-Forest to estimate the labeling confidence of undiagnosed samples and easily produce the final hypothesis. Experiments on benchmark data sets verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Case studies on three medical data sets and a successful application to microcalcification detection for breast cancer diagnosis show that undiagnosed samples are helpful in building CAD systems, and Co-Forest is able to enhance the performance of the hypothesis that is learned on only a small amount of diagnosed samples by utilizing the available undiagnosed samples.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen state for space-time variables in a two-photon interference experiment (1993)

A pair of correlated photons generated from parametric down-conversion was sent to two independent Michelson interferometers. Second-order interference was studied by means of a coincidence measurement between the outputs of two interferometers. The reported experiment and analysis studied this second-order interference phenomenon from the point of view of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox. The experiment was done in two steps. The first step of the experiment used 50-psec and 3-nsec coincidence time windows simultaneously. The 50-psec window was able to distinguish a 1.5-cm optical path difference in the interferometers. The interference visibility was measured to be 38% and 21% for the 50-psec time window and 22% and 7% for the 3-nsec time window, when the optical path differences of the interferometers were 2 cm and 4 cm, respectively. By comparing the visibilities between these two windows, the experiment showed the nonclassical effect which resulted from an EPR state. The second step of the experiment used a 20-psec coincidence time window, which was able to distinguish a 6-mm optical path difference in the interferometers. The interference visibilities were measured to be 59% for an optical path difference of 7 mm. This is an observation of visibility greater than 50% for a two-interferometer EPR experiment which demonstrates nonclassical correlation of space-time variables.
The role of the iminosugar <i>N</i>‐butyldeoxynojirimycin (miglustat) in the management of type I (non‐neuronopathic) Gaucher disease: A position statement (2003)

N-Butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ, miglustat 'Zavesca') is an orally active iminosugar which inhibits the biosynthesis of macromolecular substrates that accumulate pathologically in glycosphingolipidoses. Clinical trials of NB-DNJ in patients with Gaucher's disease demonstrate the therapeutic potential of such substrate inhibitors in the glycolipid storage disorders. However, macrophage-targetted enzyme replacement using intravenous mannose-terminated human glucocerebrosidase (imiglucerase, Cerezyme) is highly effective in ameliorating many of the manifestations of Gaucher's disease and is a treatment in widespread use. Given that imiglucerase and miglustat are now both licensed for the treatment of Gaucher's disease, there is a need to review their therapeutic status. Here the treatment of type 1 (non-neuronopathic) Gaucher disease is evaluated with particular reference to the emerging role of oral N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (miglustat) as a substrate-reducing agent. This position statement represents the consensus viewpoint of an independent international advisory council to the European Working Group on Gaucher Disease.
An alternatively spliced mRNA from the AP-2 gene encodes a negative regulator of transcriptional activation by AP-2. (1993)

AP-2 is a retinoic acid-inducible and developmentally regulated activator of transcription. We have cloned an alternative AP-2 transcript (AP-2B) from the human teratocarcinoma cell line PA-1, which encodes a protein differing in the C terminus from the previously isolated AP-2 protein (AP-2A). This protein contains the activation domain of AP-2 and part of the DNA binding domain but lacks the dimerization domain which is necessary for DNA binding. Analysis of overlapping genomic clones spanning the entire AP-2 gene proves that AP-2A and AP-2B transcripts are alternatively spliced from the same gene. Both transient and stable transfection experiments show that AP-2B inhibits AP-2 transactivator function, as measured by an AP-2-responsive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter plasmid. Furthermore, constitutive AP-2B expression in PA-1 cells causes a retinoic acid-resistant phenotype, anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, and tumorigenicity in nude mice, in a fashion similar to transformation of these cells by oncogenes. To determine the mechanism by which AP-2B exerts its inhibitory function, we purified bacterially expressed AP-2A and AP-2B proteins. While bacterial AP-2B does not bind an AP-2 consensus site, it strongly inhibits binding of the endogenous AP-2 present in PA-1 cell nuclear extracts. However, DNA sequence-specific binding of bacterially expressed AP-2A cannot be inhibited by bacterially expressed AP-2B. Therefore, inhibition of AP-2 activity by the protein AP-2B may require an additional factor or modification supplied by nuclear extracts.
Alteration of cell-wall porosity is involved in osmotic stress-induced enhancement of aluminium resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (2010)

Aluminium (Al) toxicity and drought are the two major abiotic stress factors limiting common bean production in the tropics. Using hydroponics, the short-term effects of combined Al toxicity and drought stress on root growth and Al uptake into the root apex were investigated. In the presence of Al stress, PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycol)-induced osmotic (drought) stress led to the amelioration of Al-induced inhibition of root elongation in the Al-sensitive genotype VAX 1. PEG 6000 (>> PEG 1000) treatment greatly decreased Al accumulation in the 1 cm root apices even when the roots were physically separated from the PEG solution using dialysis membrane tubes. Upon removal of PEG from the treatment solution, the root tips recovered from osmotic stress and the Al accumulation capacity was quickly restored. The PEG-induced reduction of Al accumulation was not due to a lower phytotoxic Al concentration in the treatment solution, reduced negativity of the root apoplast, or to enhanced citrate exudation. Also cell-wall (CW) material isolated from PEG-treated roots showed a low Al-binding capacity which, however, was restored after destroying the physical structure of the CW. The comparison of the Al(3+), La(3+), Sr(2+), and Rb(+) binding capacity of the intact root tips and the isolated CW revealed the specificity of the PEG 6000 effect for Al. This could be due to the higher hydrated ionic radius of Al(3+) compared with other cations (Al(3+) >> La(3+) > Sr(2+) > Rb(+)). In conclusion, the results provide circumstantial evidence that the osmotic stress-inhibited Al accumulation in root apices and thus reduced Al-induced inhibition of root elongation in the Al-sensitive genotype VAX 1 is related to the alteration of CW porosity resulting from PEG 6000-induced dehydration of the root apoplast.
Integrated Circuits for Millimeter Waves (1984)

Tiny antennas and detectors on semiconductor chips make millimeter-wavelength radiation useful for imaging application.
Preparation for Partnership: Reform of Professional Education (1991)

This review paper examines factors in the evolution of self-help groups and lay support which challenge human service professionals to change traditional roles and ideologies. The inherent strengths and weaknesses of educational approaches for meeting this challenge are analyzed. Reported obstacles to collaboration with lay persons include deficiency in the professional knowledge and skill base and attitudinal misconceptions. Educational change efforts must be directed at attitudinal, skill and knowledge development. Given the historical and social construction of a discipline, health professionals and adult educators would be well-advised to reflect on the implications of professional socialization, paradigmatic shifting and social movements. Clearly, societal and institutional influences must be acknowledged and congruent changes in these spheres should accompany educational reform. Résumé Dans ce compte rendu on étudie les facteurs intervenant dans l'évolution des groupes d'entraide et dans l'assistance assurée par les non-spécialistes, qui incitent les professionnels des services sociaux à reconsidérer les rôles et les idéologies traditionnels. On y analyse les forces et les faiblesses inhérentes aux moyens utilisés par le système de formation pour relever ce défi. Parmi les raisons qui font obstacle à la collaboration avec les non-spécialistes, on compte une manque de connaissances, et d'habiletés professionnelles et des attitudes fondées sur de fausses conceptions. Les efforts visant à modifier le système de formation doivent porter sur le développement des attitudes, des habiletés et des connaissances. Etant donné qu'une discipline est le résultat d'une évolution historique et sociale, les professionnels des services de santé et les éducateurs d'adultes devraient prêter attention aux implications qu'entraînent le processus de socialisation professionnelle, un changement de paradigme et les mouvements sociaux. Il est clair qu'il faut tenir compte des influences sociétale et institutionnelle et que des changements appropriés dans ces domaines devraient aller de pair avec une réforme du système de formation.
Single-crystal cubic silicon carbide: An in vivo biocompatible semiconductor for brain machine interface devices (2011)

Single crystal silicon carbide (SiC) is a wide band-gap semiconductor which has shown both bio- and hemo-compatibility [1-5]. Although single crystalline SiC has appealing bio-sensing potential, the material has not been extensively characterized. Cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) has superior in vitro biocompatibility compared to its hexagonal counterparts [3, 5]. Brain machine interface (BMI) systems using implantable neuronal prosthetics offer the possibility of bi-directional signaling, which allow sensory feedback and closed loop control. Existing implantable neural interfaces have limited long-term reliability, and 3C-SiC may be a material that may improve that reliability. In the present study, we investigated in vivo 3C-SiC biocompatibility in the CNS of C56BL/6 mice. 3C-SiC was compared against the known immunoreactive response of silicon (Si) at 5, 10, and 35 days. The material was examined to detect CD45, a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) expressed by activated microglia and macrophages. The 3C-SiC surface revealed limited immunoresponse and significantly reduced microglia compared to Si substrate.
Self-reported data: a major tool to assess compliance with anti-malarial combination therapy among children in Senegal (2009)

Self-reported data could provide useful quantitative information on drug intake and administration. Under strict methodological conditions this method, easy to implement, can be used to describe patients' behaviors and their use of new anti-malarial treatment. Self-reported data is a major tool for assessing compliance in resource poor countries. Blood and urine drug dosages provide qualitative results that confirm any drug intake. Urine assays for SP could be useful to obtain public health data, for example on chemoprophylaxis among pregnant women.
[Decreasing heart rate and shortening of the arterial pulse propagation time by acupuncture in the spectral analyses]. (1997)

By utilizing NAITO's analytical indices of the high frequency energy (HFEI) [sigma p x f (0.15 Hz < frequency < 0.45 Hz)] and the low frequency energy (LFEI) [sigma p x f (0.025 Hz < f < 0.15 Hz)] of R-R intervals combined with UEDA's index of fluctuation in propagation time of radial arterial pulses (i.e. R-P intervals), the author investigated relation between elongation in R-R and shortening in R-P intervals by application of electrical acupuncture (1 Hz) on traditional acupoints (HT7:SHENMEN and PC4: XIMEN). The spectral heart rate analyses have been performed in 16 males and 14 females (total 30, i.e. 18 physically healthy volunteers and 12 patients). Those who were suffering from any cardiovascular diseases were excluded. Results obtained are as follows; (1) The mean R-R intervals were significantly prolonged from 10 minutes after needle insertion to the end, i.e. 10 minutes after removal of the needles. (2) The R-P intervals were significantly shortened after 10 minutes of needle insertion. It is assumed that the decrease in heart rate by acupuncture was due to relative superiority of the vagal tone and the shortened R-P intervals, and was due to sympathetic nerve activities stimulated by acupuncture, so as to expedite arterial pulse wave propagation by the arterial contraction. Thus, increased activities of both sympathetic and vagal nerves can coexist simultaneously during acupuncture.