gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A split-foundry asynchronous FPGA (2013)

We present the first published measurements of a complex digital integrated circuit fabricated in both standard and split-foundry processes. Our 1.3-million-transistor asynchronous FPGA operates at over 300MHz in 130nm. We discuss the challenges inherent in split design and our automated layout tools that address them.
[Efficacy of interferon combined glycyrrhizin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C resistant to interferon therapy]. (1994)

To assess the efficacy of interferon (IFN) combined with a large dose of glycyrrhizin (SNMC) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C who were resistant to interferon therapy alone, we studied 8 patients with chronic hepatitis C who did not respond to the initial interferon therapy. Initially all of 8 patients received 6 million units of alpha-IFN intramuscularly, three times a week, for 3 months and their serum alanine transaminase (ALT) did not decrease more than 50% at the end of therapy and returned to pretreatment levels after therapy. Six months later, all of these patients received alpha-IFN (6 MU) combined with 80 ml of SNMC intravenously, three times a week for 6 months. Prior to the initial IFN therapy alone, all of the patients were positive for anti-HCV and HCV RNA in the serum. With IFN therapy, serum HCV RNA became negative in 4 of 8 patients and HAI score decreased significantly although their ALT levels did not decrease more than 50%, while with IFN combined with SNMC therapy, ALT levels decreased approximately 70% in all patients (one became normal), serum HCV RNA became negative in 2 and HAI scores did not change significantly. There was no significant differences in decrease of HCV RNA titers and HAI scores between two therapy except the ALT levels. These findings suggest that IFN combined SNMC therapy does not appear to be more beneficial than IFN therapy alone.
Enhanced Subsea Safety Critical Systems (2012)

Abstract Description of the Material This paper describes how the Subsea Safety Critical Systems can be enhanced toprovide greater shearing pressure and volume for the Shear Rams when being usedby the Emergency Disconnect System, EDS, Deadman System, or Autoshear System. Utilizing accumulators which can be charged to 7500 psi differential pressureallows shearing pressures to approach the full working pressure of 5000 psi forthe Shear Ram Operators. Also discussed is the development of the 7500 to 5000psi stepdown regulator and other critical system components and how this systemcan be economically installed on existing Subsea Blowout Preventer (BOP)Systems. Application Some Drilling Contractors presently use 6000 to 7500 psi rated accumulators onthe BOP Stack in order to precharge on the surface to greater than 5000 psi. However, with surface Hydraulic Pressure Units (HPU), rated for 5000 psi, theycannot take advantage of the full working pressure of the accumulators. Thesubsea accumulators can be supplied with 7500 psi by several means. This paperaddresses the use of a hot line or subsea intensifier to supply the fluidpressure to the subsea accumulators. The key to having 7500 psi stored in thesubsea accumulators is to have a 7500 to 5000 psi step down regulator and othercritical components rated for 7500 psi. Results, Observations and Conclusions The 7500 to 5000 psi regulator and critical complimentary control componentshave been designed, developed, and tested for hot line use. The Isolation andDump Sub-Plate Mounted (SPM) valves have been qualified for 7500 psi serviceand the 7500 psi check valves are in the qualification process. The subseaintensifier is under testing and the results will be presented at thepresentation. Significance of Subject Matter The well construction designs for wells presently required by regulatoryrequirements are requiring larger, thicker wall, and higher yield casingstrings as well as drill pipe used in drilling and landing strings. Thesegreater strength requirements are requiring greater shearing pressures for thehigh pressure Shear Rams. Utilizing 7500 psi supply allows shear pressures togo as high as 5000 psi with a reasonable number of accumulators to supply thefluid. Background The goal of a rig's safety critical emergency system is the ability to shearpipe and safely seal the well when circumstances dictate. Two important aspects of Safety Critical BOP Systems are:BOP Components and ArrangementControl System Design, Operating Philosophy and Dedication ofAccumulators
Molecular analysis of the rfb gene cluster of a group D2 Salmonella enterica strain: evidence for its origin from an insertion sequence-mediated recombination event between group E and D1 strains (1994)

The Salmonella enterica O antigen is a highly variable surface polysaccharide composed of a repeated oligosaccharide (the O unit). The O unit produced by serogroup D2 has structural features in common with those of groups D1 and E1, and hybridization studies had previously suggested that the D2 rfb gene cluster responsible for O-unit biosynthesis is indeed a hybrid of the two. In this study, the rfb gene cluster was cloned from a group D2 strain of S. enterica sv. Strasbourg. Mapping, hybridization, and DNA sequencing showed that the organization of the D2 rfb genes is similar to that of group D1, with the alpha-mannosyl transferase gene rfbU replaced by rfbO, the E1-specific beta-mannosyl transferase gene. The E1-specific polymerase gene (rfc) has also been acquired. Interestingly, the D1-like and E1-like rfb regions are separated by an additional sequence closely related to an element (Hinc repeat [H-rpt]) associated with the Rhs loci of Escherichia coli. The H-rpt resembles an insertion sequence and possibly mediated the intraspecific recombination events which produced the group D2 rfb gene organization.
Bone marrow stromal cell transplantation for ischemic stroke – its multi-functional feature (2013)

In this article, the author reviews recent advancements of basic research on bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplantation for ischemic stroke. The BMSCs are easily isolated from the patients themselves and transplanted into them without any ethical and immunological problem. Animal experiments have shown that BMSC transplantation significantly enhance the recovery of motor and/or cognitive function in various types of neurological disorders such as ischemic stroke. The transplanted BMSCs aggressively migrate toward the damaged tissue and proliferate in the host brain. The BMSCs significantly improve the neuronal receptor function and local glucose metabolism in the peri-infarct area when transplanted into the infarct brain. Recent studies strongly suggest that the BMSCs contain heterogeneous subpopulations and contribute to functional recovery through multiple mechanisms, including neuroprotection, inflammatory modulation, cell fusion, and neural differentiation. The author describes the importance to establish BMSC transplantation as a therapeutic entity that is scientifically proven.
Volatile and odorous compounds in unprinted paperboard (1998)

A lot of volatile compounds were extracted from unprinted paperboard by means of steam distillation and analysed via gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The majority of volatiles stem from auto-oxidation of unsaturated lipids within residual resins, accompanied by resinous flavour components and short-chain fatty acids. The concentration levels of several oxidation products increase during storage of board. Depending on the ratio of their concentrations and their specific odour threshold values, some of the volatile compounds contribute to odour intensity in paperboard. In general, paperboards with striking off odours show relatively high concentrations of such volatile and odorous compounds. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the Mechanism of Metabolism-Dependent Valproic Acid-Induced in Vitro Cytotoxicity (1999)

This study was designed to distinguish and evaluate the contribution of reactive metabolite and reactive oxygen species as the mechanism of metabolism-dependent valproic acid-induced in vitro cytotoxicity. The involvement of reactive oxygen species in the mechanism of in vitro cytotoxicity was examined by the addition of a series of antioxidant enzymes and iron chelators to the reaction mixture. Addition of catalase to the reaction mixture resulted in a complete prevention of valproic acid-induced cytotoxicity. Co-incubation of a cell impermeable iron chelator deferoxamine did not effect cytotoxicity, whereas 1,10-phenanthroline, a chelator with the ability to traverse cell membranes at low concentrations, afforded significant protection against valproic acid-induced cytotoxicity. A possible inhibitory effect of catalase and 1,10-phenanthroline on the microsomal metabolism of valproic acid was disproved by the quantification of valproic acid metabolites in the presence and absence of these compounds. To assess the specificity of the mechanism of in vitro valproic acid-induced cytotoxicity, prevention of in vitro acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity by antioxidant enzymes and iron chelators was also evaluated. Addition of catalase to the reaction mixture in the presence of acetaminophen resulted in a moderate reduction in the level of but a lack of complete protection of cytotoxicity. Addition of 1,10-phenanthroline to the reaction mixture in the presence of acetaminophen did not result in a detectable change in acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity. These data suggest the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the mechanism of toxicity of valproic acid and perhaps reactive metabolites as the major cause of cytotoxicity in the case of acetaminophen in the in vitro model investigated. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity by various antagonists resulted in complete prevention of valproic acid-induced in vitro cytotoxicity. The cytoprotective effects of known poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase antagonists implicate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in the mechanism of in vitro metabolism-dependent valproic acid-induced cytotoxicity under these conditions. These results further point to nuclear DNA as the intracellular site of insult by the generated oxygen radicals. Overall, the data obtained support the hypothesis that the metabolism-dependent valproic acid-induced in vitro cytotoxicity is the result of generation of hydrogen peroxide in the medium that can readily cross cell membranes and subsequently interact intracellularly with iron to produce the highly reactive hydroxyl free radicals.
Dynamics Learning with Cascaded Variational Inference for Multi-Step Manipulation (2019)

The fundamental challenge of planning for multi-step manipulation is to find effective and plausible action sequences that lead to the task goal. We present Cascaded Variational Inference (CAVIN) Planner, a model-based method that hierarchically generates plans by sampling from latent spaces. To facilitate planning over long time horizons, our method learns latent representations that decouple the prediction of high-level effects from the generation of low-level motions through cascaded variational inference. This enables us to model dynamics at two different levels of temporal resolutions for hierarchical planning. We evaluate our approach in three multi-step robotic manipulation tasks in cluttered tabletop environments given high-dimensional observations. Empirical results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art model-based methods by strategically interacting with multiple objects.
HLA-DO: A Useful Marker to Distinguish Florid Follicular Hyperplasia From Follicular Lymphoma by Flow Cytometry (2003)

HLA-DO expression is regulated during B-cell development and activation. To determine whether the level of HLA-DO expression is a helpful marker in the differential diagnosis between florid follicular hyperplasia and follicular lymphoma, we analyzed single-cell suspensions from 29 lymph node specimens by 4-color flow cytometry. Of the 29 specimens, 7 were from patients with florid follicular hyperplasia, in which the clonality of the germinal center B cells (GCBCs) was indeterminate by flow cytometric immunophenotyping. The remaining 22 cases were follicular lymphomas; neoplastic cells in 2 of these cases lacked expression of surface immunoglobulin light chains. The level of HLA-DO expression in the reactive CD10+ GCBCs in florid follicular hyperplasia was markedly down-regulated compared with the CD10- polytypic B cells of the same specimens. In contrast, the level of HLA-DO expression in the CD10+ neoplastic cells in all cases of follicular lymphomas was similar to that of the CD10- polytypic B cells, thus higher than the reactive CD10+ GCBCs. This difference was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. Our results suggest that HLA-DO is a useful marker to differentiate florid follicular hyperplasia from follicular lymphoma by flow cytometry, particularly when clonality of the CD10+ B cells is in question.
Amyloid‐β‐induced toxicity of primary neurons is dependent upon differentiation‐associated increases in tau and cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 expression (2003)

It has previously been reported that amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide is neurotrophic to undifferentiated but neurotoxic to differentiated primary neurons. The underlying reasons for this differential effect is not understood. Recently, the toxicity of Abeta to neurons was shown to be dependent upon the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), thought to promote tau phosphorylation that leads to cytoskeletal disruption, morphological degeneration and apoptosis. Here we report that Cdk5, tau, and phosphorylated-tau (P-tau) are expressed at very low levels in undifferentiated primary neurons, but that the expression of Cdk5 and tau and the phosphorylation of tau increase markedly between 4 and 8 days of differentiation in vitro. Tau expression decreased after this time, as did the level of P-tau, to low levels by 17 days. Abeta induced tau phosphorylation of neurons only after >or= 4 days of differentiation, a time that coincides with the onset of Abeta toxicity. Blocking tau expression (and therefore tau phosphorylation) with an antisense oligonucleotide completely blocked Abeta toxicity of differentiated primary neurons, thereby confirming that tau was essential for mediating Abeta toxicity. Our results demonstrate that differentiation-associated changes in tau and Cdk-5 modulate the toxicity of Abeta and explain the opposite responses of differentiated and undifferentiated neurons to Abeta. Our results predict that only cells containing appreciable levels of tau are susceptible to Abeta-induced toxicity and may explain why Abeta is more toxic to neurons compared with other cell types.
Biochemical and structural characterization of mammalian‐like purine nucleoside phosphorylase from the Archaeon <i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i> (2007)

We report here the characterization of the first mammalian-like purine nucleoside phosphorylase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (PfPNP). The gene PF0853 encoding PfPNP was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity. PfPNP is a homohexamer of 180 kDa which shows a much higher similarity with 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) than with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) family members. Like human PNP, PfPNP shows an absolute specificity for inosine and guanosine. PfPNP shares 50% identity with MTAP from P. furiosus (PfMTAP). The alignment of the protein sequences of PfPNP and PfMTAP indicates that only four residue changes are able to switch the specificity of PfPNP from a 6-oxo to a 6-amino purine nucleoside phosphorylase still maintaining the same overall active site organization. PfPNP is highly thermophilic with an optimum temperature of 120 degrees C and is characterized by extreme thermodynamic stability (T(m), 110 degrees C that increases to 120 degrees C in the presence of 100 mm phosphate), kinetic stability (100% residual activity after 4 h incubation at 100 degrees C), and remarkable SDS-resistance. Limited proteolysis indicated that the only proteolytic cleavage site is localized in the C-terminal region and that the C-terminal peptide is not necessary for the integrity of the active site. By integrating biochemical methodologies with mass spectrometry we assigned three pairs of intrasubunit disulfide bridges that play a role in the stability of the enzyme against thermal inactivation. The characterization of the thermal properties of the C254S/C256S mutant suggests that the CXC motif in the C-terminal region may also account for the extreme enzyme thermostability.
Ultrafast Path for Optical Magnetization Reversal via a Strongly Nonequilibrium State (2009)

Using time-resolved single-shot pump-probe microscopy we unveil the mechanism and the time scale of all-optical magnetization reversal by a single circularly polarized 100 fs laser pulse. We demonstrate that the reversal has a linear character, i.e., does not involve precession but occurs via a strongly nonequilibrium state. Calculations show that the reversal time which can be achieved via this mechanism is within 10 ps for a 30 nm domain. Using two single subpicosecond laser pulses we demonstrate that for a 5 microm domain the magnetic information can be recorded and readout within 30 ps, which is the fastest "write-read" event demonstrated for magnetic recording so far.
Resistance to Potato Leafroll Virus in Potato Plants Transformed with the Coat Protein Gene or with Vector Control Constructs (1995)

The results of greenhouse evaluations of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) resistance in transgenic potato plants are reported. Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet plants were transformed via Agrabacterium-mediated gene transfer with three constructs, one carrying the native viral coat protein (CP) gene, another containing a modified form of the CP gene designed to optimize protein expression, and a third consisting of the binary vector plasmid only. A statistically significant correlation (P < 0.01) was found between incidence of infection within replications of a given clone and virus titers of the infected plants. Resistance to PLRV titer buildup as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was observed among clones in all three construct populations. Plants transformed with the modified CP gene did not exhibit greater levels of resistance to PLRV than plants transformed with the native CP gene. Of particular interest are several highly resistant lines that were derived by transforming Ranger Russet with the control construct carrying only vector sequences and the neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) gene. This resistance, which is heritable and has been verified in three separate inoculations, indicates that a component of PLRV resistance in transgenic potato is associated with vector DNA or the tissue culture process. Possible explanations for this novel type of resistance and its implications are discussed
Application of VLSI In Artificial Intelligence (2012)

This paper describes the application of VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated) circuit in Artificial Intelligence (AI). VLSI is the inter-disciplinary science of utilizing advance semiconductor technology to create various functions of computer system. This manuscript addresses the close link of microelectronics and AI. By combining VLSI technology, a very powerful computer architecture confinement is possible.
Parametric design and analysis of multiple-beam reflector antennas for satellite communications (2003)

This paper presents the parametric design and analysis of multiple-beam reflector-antenna systems employed for satellite communications. It is based on extending the earlier work of Rao (see IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol.41, no.4, p.53-59,1999) by taking into account the efficiency of the horn and pointing error of the satellite in the design of the multiple-beam antennas (MBAs), and by analyzing the edge-of-coverage directivity and co-polar isolation (C/I) performance. Design and analysis equations are developed for the multiple-beam antennas using offset parabolic-reflector antennas by including various design parameters such as the number of reflectors, the number of frequency cells, the focal-length-to-diameter (F/D) ratio, the horn efficiency, and the pointing error. The analysis employs a quasi-Gaussian beam representation for the primary and secondary patterns in order to take into account the effect of the sidelobes. Results of the analysis given in this paper agree well with rigorous computations based on physical optics analysis of the antenna radiation. Design curves showing the impact of horn efficiency on the C/I performance of multiple-beam antennas are presented for various frequency-reuse schemes.
Introduction of Bisecting GlcNAc into Integrin α5β1 Reduces Ligand Binding and Down-regulates Cell Adhesion and Cell Migration (2004)

The enzyme beta1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) catalyzes the addition of a bisecting GlcNAc residue to glycoproteins, resulting in a modulation in biological function. Our previous studies showed that the transfection of the GnT-III gene into B16 melanoma cells results in a suppression of invasive ability and lung colonization. The suppression has been postulated to be due to an increased level of E-cadherin expression on the cell surface, which in turn leads to the up-regulation of cell-cell adhesion. In this study, we report on the effects of overexpression of GnT-III on cell-matrix adhesion. The overexpression of GnT-III, but not that of an enzymatic inactive GnT-III (D323A), inhibits cell spreading and migration on fibronectin, a specific ligand for integrin alpha(5)beta(1), and the focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. E(4)-PHA lectin blot analyses showed that the levels of bisecting GlcNAc structures on the integrin alpha(5) subunit as well as alpha(2) and alpha(3) subunits immunoprecipitated from GnT-III transfectants were substantially increased. In addition, the affinity of the binding of integrin alpha(5)beta(1) to fibronectin was significantly reduced by the introduction of the bisecting GlcNAc, to the alpha(5) subunit. These findings suggest that the modification of N-glycan of integrin by GnT-III inhibits its ligand binding ability, subsequently leading to the down-regulation of integrin-mediated signaling.
Blood Plasma and Tissue Concentrations of Vitamin E in Beef Cattle as Influenced by Supplementation of Various Tocopherol Compounds (1988)

Twenty-four crossbred beef cows were used to investigate the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in plasma and tissues following oral administration of four tocopherol sources. Animals were allotted to the following treatments: DL-alpha-tocopherol, D-alpha-tocopherol, DL-tocopheryl acetate and D-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Animals received a daily oral dose of 1,000 IU of the respective tocopherol treatment for 28 d and then were slaughtered. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 1, 7, 14 and 28 for tocopherol concentration assays, and samples from 10 different tissues were collected from slaughtered cows. Identification of alpha-tocopherol in tissues was confirmed by HPLC retention times and by comparison of mass spectra with that of alpha-tocopherol standards. The D-alpha-tocopherol and its acetate ester increased plasma tocopherol concentration faster than the racemic products, the greatest response occurring with D-alpha-tocopherol. Across all treatments, the highest alpha-tocopherol concentrations were noted in the adrenal gland and liver, the lowest in muscle and thyroid tissue. Tissue analyses confirmed that in adrenal gland, kidney, liver and lung, alpha-tocopherol concentrations were higher following D-alpha than DL-alpha-tocopherol supplementation.