gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Fretting Fatigue on Aircraft Rivet Hole Cracking. (1996)

Abstract : This is the final report on the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Grant No. 93-G-068 Program conducted by the Quality and Integrity Design Engineering Center (QIDEC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah. The program is entitled The Role of Fretting Corrosion and Fretting Fatigue on Aircraft Rivet Hole Cracking. A lap joint panel removed from an aircraft used in service was investigated for evidence of fretting induced cracking in and adjacent to the rivet holes. Cracks were found in all of the rivet holes that were inspected. A sensitivity study was conducted to determine the effects of fretting on the fatigue lives of 2024-T3 clad sheet aluminum alloy riveted joint specimens prepared with either FV or CE rivets using either C-squeeze riveting or a rivet gun with bucking bar riveting procedures. A method was developed to predict coefficient of friction characteristics within a fretted contact during the nucleation of a crack. A finite element method was used to calculate the state of stress at CE rivet locations where fretting-nucleated cracks were observed. The primary conclusion of this grant program is that fretting in riveted joints is a potentially major cause of crack nucleation in aircraft skin structure.
Gateway device for energy-saving cloud-enabled smart homes (2012)

In this paper we present a solution of a gateway device for smart homes with the ability to interact with IPv6-enabled home devices over 6LoWPAN, answering to the need for the creation of ubiquitous, energy-saving home networks. The gateway also supports the traditional IPv4 interfacing over WiFi and Ethernet. UPnP over IPv6 is fully enabled so that all devices can be easily found by the UPnP discovery from any node in the network. Finally, the gateway enables the devices to be visible by a cloud server, which in turn enables a variety of web applications for home control to interact with home devices by using asynchronous API calls. In the paper the details of the proposed cloud-enabled smart home architecture are given, including the realization of the gateway device, 6LoWPAN end nodes and basic cloud services demonstration applications.
Electronic and optical properties of InGaN quantum dot based light emitters for solid state lighting (2009)

In this paper, we have made a systematic study of the electronic and optical properties of InGaN based quantum dot light emitters. The valence force field model and 6×6k⋅p method have been applied to study the band structures in InGaN or InN quantum dot devices. Piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization effects are included. A comparison with InGaN quantum wells shows that InGaN quantum dots can provide better electron-hole overlap and reduce radiative lifetime. We also find that variation in dot sizes can lead to emission spectrum that can cover the whole visible light range. For high carrier density injection conditions, a self-consistent method for solving quantum dot devices is applied for better estimation of device performance. Consequences of variations in dot sizes, shapes, and composition have been studied in this paper. The results suggest that InGaN quantum dots would have superior performance in white light emitters.
Improving the Reuse of ScientificWorkflows and Their By-products (2007)

Most current practical methodologies and workflow systems for service composition and workflow creation in e-science pursue a semi-automatic way to allow users to discover and select appropriate services to include in a workflow based on semantic and conceptual service definitions. However, few of these approaches consider the potential for reuse: to share the knowledge gained during the service composition process and to reuse complete or partial of existing workflows. We believe that providing a capability for reuse of this knowledge and workflows could be an important component in a workflow system. In this paper, we present a methodology and an enhanced system design to facilitate the reuse of knowledge and workflows. It contains a hierarchical workflow structure representation, knowledge management and knowledge discovery components to capture and manage the reusable information in a system, and an approach for using a graph matching algorithm to discover similar workflows.
TRC4186, a Novel AGE-breaker, Improves Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Nephropathy in Ob-ZSF1 Model of Type 2 Diabetes (2009)

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute significantly to diabetic complications, both macro- and microvascular. TRC4186 is an AGE-breaker that has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo and shown to reduce AGE burden. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of TRC4186 on diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathy in obese Zucker spontaneously hypertensive fatty rats (Ob-ZSF1), an animal model of diabetes with progressive cardiac and renal dysfunction. Ob-ZSF1 rats loaded with 0.5% salt were treated with TRC4186, 9 or 27 mg/kg twice daily intraperitoneally or vehicle control and monitored telemetrically throughout the study. Cardiac function was assessed terminally by Millar catheter. Markers of cardiac and renal dysfunction were measured and changes evaluated histopathologically. TRC4186 at 27 mg/kg prevented rise in blood pressure (BP) and also improved cardiac output (CO) secondary to better diastolic relaxation as well as systolic emptying in association with the reduction in afterload. At 9 mg/kg, CO was improved by compensatory increase in pre-load however afterload reduction was not adequate to allow efficient systolic emptying. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression was reduced with treatment. Deterioration in renal function was retarded as evident from albumin to creatinine ratio and renal histopathology. TRC4186, an AGE-breaker, clearly preserved cardiac function and reduced the severity of renal dysfunction in Ob-ZSF1, an animal model with persistent severe hyperglycemia leading to diabetic heart failure and renal failure.
Analysis of an Automatic Text Content Extraction Approach in Noisy Video Images (2013)

Text either embedded or superimposed within video frames is very useful for describing the contents of the frames, as it enables both keyword and free-text based search, automatic video logging, and video cataloging. Low contrast, noise and poor quality are the main problems of text extraction in video images. This article explores a novel approach for text extraction from video frames, which can handle complex image backgrounds with different font sizes, font styles, and font appearances such as normal and noisy video. The pre processing is done to de-noise the images through wavelet based approach by removing noise in the frequency field and reducing by the soft-threshold method. Then, the enhanced image is obtained through the inverse wavelet transform. The Morphological operators are applied to sharpen the image for clear edges and to detect the connected components accurately. Lastly, features are extracted and fed into an artificial neural network to classify the text pixel from that of the background of the image. A quantitative measure of comparison and analysis is provided by the different parameters with different noises.
Epidermal Growth Factor Binding Sites in Porcine Granulosa Cells and their Regulation by Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (1992)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) modulates ovarian function, including folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis. We investigated the localization of EGF binding sites in the porcine ovary, and the effect of FSH on EGF binding to cultured granulosa cells. Autoradiographic study demonstrated that the binding sites for 125I-labeled mouse EGF in the porcine ovary were present in the granulosa and luteal cells, but not in the thecal cells. Porcine granulosa cells were collected by the needle aspiration method from small (1-2 mm) and medium-sized (3-5 mm) follicles. Scatchard analysis showed that a single class of the specific binding sites for EGF was present in the granulosa cells. The number of binding sites and the apparent dissociation constant were 5,540 binding sites/cell and 0.23 nM (medium-sized follicle), respectively. No significant difference was observed between small and medium-sized follicles. Granulosa cells were cultured for 48 h at 37 degrees C in medium alone or with increasing doses of ovine FSH (1-100 ng/ml). FSH treatment significantly increased EGF binding in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, it is suggested that the specific high affinity, low capacity binding sites for EGF are present in porcine granulosa cells, and that they are up-regulated by FSH.
Fast Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors manufactured in standard CMOS technology (2005)

This paper discusses the implementation of fast wavefront sensors based on the Hartmann-Shack method in standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology and evaluates the impact of the capabilities and limitations of this technology on the wavefront sensor performance. Aiming at fast operation (>1 kHz), we compare the applicability of either conventional or dedicated image sensors and investigate how current custom concepts can complement each other. To date, three different custom CMOS-sensor layouts have been implemented. Besides being able to operate at faster rates than conventional sensors, these devices demonstrated the ability to achieve high wavefront-detection accuracy and the potential for use in low-light applications (e.g., ophthalmic diagnostics). The goal is to identify the most important practical issues related to using standard CMOS technology in wavefront sensing.
Structure of M <sup>pro</sup> from COVID-19 virus and discovery of its inhibitors (2020)

SUMMARY A new coronavirus (CoV) identified as COVID-19 virus is the etiological agent responsible for the 2019-2020 viral pneumonia outbreak that commenced in Wuhan 1–4 . Currently there is no targeted therapeutics and effective treatment options remain very limited. In order to rapidly discover lead compounds for clinical use, we initiated a program of combined structure-assisted drug design, virtual drug screening and high-throughput screening to identify new drug leads that target the COVID-19 virus main protease (M pro ). M pro is a key CoV enzyme, which plays a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and transcription, making it an attractive drug target for this virus 5,6 . Here, we identified a mechanism-based inhibitor, N3, by computer-aided drug design and subsequently determined the crystal structure of COVID-19 virus M pro in complex with this compound. Next, through a combination of structure-based virtual and high-throughput screening, we assayed over 10,000 compounds including approved drugs, drug candidates in clinical trials, and other pharmacologically active compounds as inhibitors of M pro . Six of these inhibit M pro with IC 50 values ranging from 0.67 to 21.4 μM. Ebselen also exhibited promising antiviral activity in cell-based assays. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of this screening strategy, which can lead to the rapid discovery of drug leads with clinical potential in response to new infectious diseases where no specific drugs or vaccines are available.
Improvement of Cardiac Function with Device-Based Diaphragmatic Stimulation in Chronic Heart Failure Patients: The Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Epiphrenic II Pilot Trial (2013)

NCT00769678.
Analytical Modeling of Short-Channel Behavior of Accumulation-Mode Transistors on Silicon-on-Insulator Substrate (1994)

In this paper we present a theoretical analysis of accumulation-mode (AM) silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (SOI MOSFET's) with gate lengths in the deep submicron region down to 0.1 µm. A two-dimensional analytical model has been developed which describes the short-channel behavior of the threshold voltage and subthreshold slope. The results are supported by numerical device simulation. It is found that the key factor for controlling short-channel effects in the AM SOI MOSFET is the reduction of thickness of the SOI layer. With 50 nm SOI film, the threshold voltage roll-off can be suppressed down to 0.25 µm gate length. The subthreshold slope factor degradation below 0.2 µm gate length is difficult to suppress since there is almost no influence of channel doping variation. Compared to the inversion-mode (IM) transistor, the AM SOI MOSFET has an inherently higher sensitivity to device parameter variations.
Reduction of ubiquinone-1 by ascorbic acid is a catalytic and reversible process controlled by the concentration of molecular oxygen (1996)

To address whether reduction by vitamin C may contribute to the in vivo maintenance of coenzyme Q in the reduced form, we studied the reduction of ubiquinone-1 by ascorbate at pH 7.4. Addition of ascorbate to ubiquinone-1 resulted in rapid O2 consumption and an increase in the steady-state concentration of ascorbyl radical. The initial rate of O2 consumption was proportional to the product of [ubiquinone-1] and [ascorbate] whereas [ascorbyl radical] was proportional to the square root of this parameter; both dependencies were in quantitative agreement with each other. The extent of O2 consumption greatly exceeded the amounts of ubiquinone-1 initially present. Formation of ubiquinol-1 from ubiquinone-1 by ascorbate was reversible, moderate under aerobic conditions, but substantial in the absence or near absence of oxygen. At high O2 concentration, ascorbate promoted the oxidation of ubiquinol-1 to ubiquinone-1. Addition of sodium dodecyl sulphate dramatically decreased the rate of reaction between ubiquinone-1 and ascorbate, most likely as a result of phase separation of the reagents. A preliminary reaction scheme with putative rate constants for the relevant reactions is presented that quantitatively describes the kinetic behaviour of the process studied. The key reactions in the scheme are electron transfer from ascorbate to ubiquinone-1 with formation of the ascorbyl and ubisemiquinone radical. The reaction of the latter with O2 is postulated to be responsible for O2 consumption, with ubiquinone-1 acting as a catalyst. Together, the results demonstrate that the extent of reduction of ubiquinone-1 by ascorbate was controlled by the O2 concentration and the physical availability of the reactants. As the O2 concentration in human blood is relatively high and ubiquinone-10 is located exclusively within the lipid phase of lipoproteins where negatively charged ascorbate has little access, our results suggest that direct reduction by ascorbate is unlikely to be responsible for the high reduction percentage observed for plasma coenzyme Q.
3-Aryl-2-sulfanylpropenoic acids as precursors for some novel (Z)-5-substituted-2-alkoxy-2-trichloromethyl-4-thiazolidinones (2011)

3-Aryl-2-sulfanylpropenoic acids 1a-d react with trichloroacetonitrile under various reaction conditions to give different products. Thus, reaction of 1a-d with trichloroacetonitrile in absolute ethanol and in the presence of few drops of triethylamine at room temperature affords 1,3oxathiolan-5-one derivatives 4a-d. Whereas, compounds 1a-d react with trichloroacetonitrile in primary alcohols under reflux to afford the corresponding 2-alkoxy-2-trichloromethylthiazolidin-4-one derivatives 7a-l. Reaction of compounds 1a-d with trichloroacetonitrile or other nitriles 11a-c in refluxing glacial acetic acid gave 5-arylmethylene-2,4-thiazolidinediones 8a-d. The structures of all the newly synthesized products were confirmed based on elemental and spectral data, and a plausible mechanism is postulated to account for their formation. X-ray crystallography was carried out for the products 4a and 7b.
Small mouse cholangiocytes proliferate in response to H1 histamine receptor stimulation by activation of the IP <sub>3</sub> /CaMK I/CREB pathway (2008)

Cholangiopathies are characterized by the heterogeneous proliferation of different-sized cholangiocytes. Large cholangiocytes proliferate by a cAMP-dependent mechanism. The function of small cholangiocytes may depend on the activation of inositol trisphosphate (IP(3))/Ca(2+)-dependent signaling pathways; however, data supporting this speculation are lacking. Four histamine receptors exist (HRH1, HRH2, HRH3, and HRH4). In several cells: 1) activation of HRH1 increases intracellular Ca(2+) concentration levels; and 2) increased [Ca(2+)](i) levels are coupled with calmodulin-dependent stimulation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) and activation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB). HRH1 agonists modulate small cholangiocyte proliferation by activation of IP(3)/Ca(2+)-dependent CaMK/CREB. We evaluated HRH1 expression in cholangiocytes. Small and large cholangiocytes were stimulated with histamine trifluoromethyl toluidide (HTMT dimaleate; HRH1 agonist) for 24-48 h with/without terfenadine, BAPTA/AM, or W7 before measuring proliferation. Expression of CaMK I, II, and IV was evaluated in small and large cholangiocytes. We measured IP(3), Ca(2+) and cAMP levels, phosphorylation of CaMK I, and activation of CREB (in the absence/presence of W7) in small cholangiocytes treated with HTMT dimaleate. CaMK I knockdown was performed in small cholangiocytes stimulated with HTMT dimaleate before measurement of proliferation and CREB activity. Small and large cholangiocytes express HRH1, CaMK I, and CaMK II. Small (but not large) cholangiocytes proliferate in response to HTMT dimaleate and are blocked by terfenadine (HRH1 antagonist), BAPTA/AM, and W7. In small cholangiocytes, HTMT dimaleate increased IP(3)/Ca(2+) levels, CaMK I phosphorylation, and CREB activity. Gene knockdown of CaMK I ablated the effects of HTMT dimaleate on small cholangiocyte proliferation and CREB activation. The IP(3)/Ca(2+)/CaMK I/CREB pathway is important in the regulation of small cholangiocyte function.
Isolated Cu<sup>2+</sup>ions: active sites for selective catalytic reduction of NO (2010)

Cu chabazite catalysts show remarkable low temperature activity in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO. This high activity is due to the unique character of the zeolite framework that allows only the presence of one type of isolated mononuclear Cu(2+) species. These Cu(2+) species are the active sites for SCR.
Addressing the grwa problem in wdm networks with a tabu search algorithm (2006)

The traffic grooming, routing and wavelength assignment (GRWA) problem in wavelength division multiplexed networks is addressed. A new heuristic algorithm, the GRWABOU algorithm, has been developed from tabu search techniques. Its objective function seeks the minimization of network costs through the minimization of the number of electronic cards used in network nodes. It uses an evaluation function that, in addition to depending on the objective function, provides means to handle constraint violations in order to travel in the non-feasible domain in a controlled way. It can be applied to ring or general mesh networks. It accepts any type of traffic demand with any type of granularity on the client side. On the transport side, it supports multiple bit rates simultaneously. Computational experiments on three different mesh networks are presented, showing the versatility of the algorithm not only for cost minimization studies but also for other types of studies concerning, as example, number of hops, wavelength capacity usage and multi-service provisioning platform (MSPP) port usage
Analyzing Reversible Lapped Transforms using Reng Probing (2006)

Lapped transforms provide the fundamental analysis framework for most of the modern lossy audio compression algorithms. Recently, there has been increasing interest in compression algorithms that can encode audio to true lossless quality and yet allow lossy reconstructions from selected subsets of the encoded bitstream. To achieve lossless compression within a transform-based coding system, the transformations must be reversible-i.e., the forward transform must map integer inputs to integer outputs. In this paper, we use multirate Reng probing to analyze and compare the performances of the reversible modified discrete cosine transform (RMDCT) and the integer modified discrete cosine transform (IntMDCT).
Supervised Multimodal Bitransformers for Classifying Images and Text (2019)

Self-supervised bidirectional transformer models such as BERT have led to dramatic improvements in a wide variety of textual classification tasks. The modern digital world is increasingly multimodal, however, and textual information is often accompanied by other modalities such as images. We introduce a supervised multimodal bitransformer model that fuses information from text and image encoders, and obtain state-of-the-art performance on various multimodal classification benchmark tasks, outperforming strong baselines, including on hard test sets specifically designed to measure multimodal performance.
The primacy of the gastrointestinal tract as a target organ of acute graft-versus-host disease: rationale for the use of cytokine shields in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (2000)

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the major complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), limits the application of this curative but toxic therapy. Studies of inflammatory pathways involved in GVHD in animals have shown that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a major role in the amplification of systemic disease. Damage to the GI tract increases the translocation of inflammatory stimuli such as endotoxin, which promotes further inflammation and additional GI tract damage. The GI tract is therefore critical to the propagation of the "cytokine storm" characteristic of acute GVHD. Experimental approaches to the prevention of GVHD include reducing the damage to the GI tract by fortification of the GI mucosal barrier through novel "cytokine shields" such as IL-11 or keratinocyte growth factor. Such strategies have reduced GVHD while preserving a graft-versus-leukemia effect in animal models, and they now deserve formal testing in carefully designed clinical trials. (Blood. 2000;95:2754-2759)
Quantum confinement effect of silicon nanocrystals <i>in situ</i> grown in silicon nitride films (2004)

Silicon nanocrystals were in situ grown in a silicon nitride film by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The size and structure of silicon nanocrystals were confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Depending on the size, the photoluminescence of silicon nanocrystals can be tuned from the near infrared (1.38eV) to the ultraviolet (3.02eV). The fitted photoluminescence peak energy as E(eV)=1.16+11.8∕d2 is evidence for the quantum confinement effect in silicon nanocrystals. The results demonstrate that the band gap of silicon nanocrystals embedded in silicon nitride matrix was more effectively controlled for a wide range of luminescent wavelengths.
Bitrate Reduction Using Fmo For Video Streaming Over Packet Networks (2009)

Flexible macroblock ordering (FMO), adopted in the H.264 standard, allows to partition all macroblocks (MBs) in a frame into separate groups of MBs called Slice Groups (SGs). FMO can not only support error-resilience, but also control the size of video packets for different network types. However, it is well-known that the number of bits required for encoding the frame is increased by adopting FMO. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm that can reduce the bitrate overhead caused by utilizing FMO. In the proposed algorithm, all MBs are grouped in SGs based on the similarity of the transform coefficients. Experimental results show that our algorithm can reduce the bitrate as compared with conventional FMO.