gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolution of resistivity along Cl-compensated THM grown cadmium telluride crystals (1987)

Generally, chlorine compensated CdTe crystals elaborated by the THM technique show resistivities in the first grown material in the order of 109 Ω cm. However, this value decreases more or less rapidly down to 106 Ω cm after 10 to 15 cm grown crystal length. The microscopic defects present along the crystal in a large number of ingots, were measured systematically as well as the chemical residual impurities, especially, the added chlorine, in order to try to understand this evolution along the crystal. Chlorkompensierte CdTe-Kristalle nach der THM-Technik zeigen im allgemeinen im ersten Wachs-tumsmaterial spezifische Widerstände in der Größenordnung 109 Ω cm. Jedoch sinkt dieser Wert mehr oder weniger schnell auf 106 Ω cm nach 10 bis 15 cm Kristallwachstumslänge. Es werden systematisch die mikroskopischen Defekte in Kristallziehrichtung in einer großen Zahl von Blöcken, sowie die chemischen Restverunreinigungen, insbesondere das zugosetzte Chlor, gemessen, um zu versuchen, diese Entwicklung in Kristallziehrichtung zu verstehen.
Clinical efficacy of reboxetine: a comparative study with desipramine, with methodological considerations (1998)

The efficacy and tolerability of 4–8 mg reboxetine, a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (NARI) was verified in a 4-week, double-blind, placebo- and desipramine-controlled study in hospitalised patients with major depression. Two-hundred-and-fifty-eight patients were recruited and randomised to treatment with 4–8 mg reboxetine, 100–200 mg desipramine or placebo on a fixed, changing dosage regimen. The therapeutic response rate (<50% reduction in mean efficacy rating scale total scores) was significantly higher with reboxetine than with placebo (p<0·05). The onset of therapeutic effect [when mean efficacy rating scale total scores became significantly (p<0·05) lower (better) than placebo] was consistently earlier with reboxetine than desipramine. From the three adverse events encountered with significant (p<0·05) difference among the groups, dryness of mouth and blurred vision were reported more frequently with desipramine than with reboxetine and placebo, whereas urinary hesitancy was reported more frequently with reboxetine than placebo. No clinically significant changes were observed in laboratory parameters and vital signs. The mean scores on the CGI-Efficacy Index in the reboxetine group was significantly (p<0·05) higher (better) than in the desipramine and placebo groups. CODE-DD demonstrated the broadness of the DSM-III-R diagnosis of major depression and provided information for designing studies for the detection of the treatment responsive population of reboxetine. In conclusion, reboxetine administered for 4 weeks in the daily doses of 4–8 mg was effective and well tolerated in treating hospitalised patients with major depression. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histone H1 inhibits the proliferation of MCF 7 and MDA MB 231 human breast cancer cells (2006)

Purified histone H1 exerts extracellular functions suggesting novel histone functions. The cytotoxic effects of histone H1 have lead to its choice as a pharmacological tool in breast cancer. Hence the present study was aimed at investigating the effect of exogenous histone H1 on the proliferation of estrogen receptor positive (MCF 7) and estrogen receptor negative (MDA MB 231) human breast cancer cells. Cells were incubated with various concentrations of histone H1 and antiproliferative activity was assessed by MTT assay. Proliferation of breast cancer cells was assessed from the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) using [(14)C] labeled ornithine. Histone H1-mediated cellular effects, such as anchorage dependent growth and apoptosis, were assessed by colony formation assay, fluorescence microscopy after acridine orange/propidium iodide staining and DNA fragmentation analysis. Histone H1 was significantly cytotoxic as it inhibited colony formation, ODC activity and induced apoptosis in both estrogen receptor positive and estrogen receptor negative cells. These results suggest that histone H1-induced antiproliferative effects on human breast cancer cells could possibly involve inhibition of ODC.
SAR Image Segmentation Based On Markov Random Field Model (2001)

In this paper, we propose a SAR image segmentation algorithm based on Markov Random Field Model. The model captures the image contextual information by making the assumption that the properties of a pixel are dependent upon nearby pixels and are independent of distant pixels. A two\|order neighborhood system is used in this paper. The segmentation result is obtained by applying ICM(Iterative Conditional Mode)algorithm. The ICM is an iterative algorithm. During the iteration sequence, each pixel is labeled according to the MAP(maximum a posteriori)criterion. After each pixel labeling step, the parameters of each segmentation class' probability density function are re-estimated from current set of pixel labels. The influence of speckle noise is further reduced by an outlier rejection method. Using this method, outlier pixels are excluded from current pixels' neighborhood. The algorithm is applied to SAR imagery from the MSTAR(Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition)datasets. The result shows that this algorithm can efficiently reduce the influence of speckle noise, and segment the image into three parts of target, shadow and background. The experimental results are very satisfactory.
Beneficial Effect of GB Virus C Co‐Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1‐Infected Individuals (2007)

Several reports have documented a better prognosis for HIV-1-infected patients co-infected with GBV-C, while other reports have contradicted such findings with the result that this issue remains controversial. We attempted to clarify the complicated status of the effect of GBV-C co-infection on HIV-1-infected patients. GBV-C RNA was detected in 37 samples in 182 HIV-1-infected patients (20.3%) using RT/nested PCR. Of these, 3 were determined to be GBV-C genotype 1, 12 were genotype 2, and the remaining 22 were genotype 3. The GBV-C viral load quantified by real-time PCR ranged from 7.8x10(3) to 3.3x10(6) copies/ml. Weakly negative correlation was observed between GBV-C viral load and HIV-1 viral load in 19 HAART-naïve patients, indicating that a higher GBV-C viral load is associated with a greater suppression of HIV-1 replication. A previously published in vitro study suggested that GBV-C infection would induce up-regulation of RANTES, leading to suppression of HIV-1 replication. However, in our present study, the blood RANTES level was significantly lower in the GBV-C co-infected group than in the uninfected group (190-9,959 vs. 264-31,038 pg/ml, P=0.004). Our results suggested that a suppression of HIV-1 replication by GBV-C co-infection is not mediated by up-regulated RANTES, and thus call for another as yet unknown factor.
Asymmetric Diels–Alder Reaction by the Use of a Chiral Titanium Catalyst with Molecular Sieves 4A. Remarkable Solvent Effect on the Enantioselectivity (1987)

Abstract A remarkable effect of solvent on the enantioselectivity was observed in the asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction of 3-(2-alkenoyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones and dienes catalyzed by a chiral titanium reagent, and the Diels–Alder adducts were obtained in high enantioselectivity when alkyl-substituted benzenes were employed as the solvent.
New charge pump power factor correction electronic ballast with a wide range of line input voltage (2002)

A new charge pump power factor correction (CPPFC) electronic ballast with a wide line input voltage range is proposed in this paper. Circuit derivation and DC bus voltage stress at start-up mode are discussed. The average lamp current control with switching frequency modulation is developed to achieve constant lamp power operation and low crest factor. The proposed CPPFC electronic ballast is analyzed, implemented and evaluated. It features continuous line input current, low THD, constant lamp power operation, low crest factor and less switching current stress with low DC bus voltage stress for line voltages from 180 V to 265 V.
Superparamagnetism of the Ferromagnetic Composite Material EuO:Fe for Spintronics (2008)

The results of a study of the magnetic, NGR and other parameters of EuO:Fe composites, which really meet the requirements imposed on the use of them as spin injectors in the developed semiconductor spin-electronic structures capable of operating under normal conditions at room temperatures, are reported. The manifestation of superparamagnetism in these composites is established. Copyright © 2008 American Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content of Milk from Cows Fed Different Diets (1999)

Conjugated linoleic acid in milk was determined from cows fed different diets. In Experiment 1, cows were fed either normal or high oil corn and corn silage. Conjugated linoleic acid was 3.8 and 3.9 mg/g of milk fatty acids in normal and high oil treatments, respectively. In Experiment 2, cows consumed one-third, two-thirds, or their entire feed from a permanent pasture. Alfalfa hay and concentrates supplied the balance of feed for the one-third and two-third pasture treatments. Conjugated linoleic acid was 8.9, 14.3, and 22.1 mg/g of milk fatty acids in the one-third, two-third, and all pasture treatments, respectively. Cows grazing pasture and receiving no supplemental feed had 500% more conjugated linoleic acid in milk fat than cows fed typical dairy diets (Experiment 1). In Experiment 3, cows were fed either a control diet containing 55% alfalfa silage and 45% grain, or similar diets supplemented with 3% fish meal, or 250 g of monensin/cow/per day, or fish meal and monensin together. Conjugated linoleic acid was 5.3, 8.6, 6.8, and 8.9 mg/g of milk fatty acids in the control, fish meal, monensin, and fish meal plus monensin treatments, respectively. In Experiment 4, cows were fed either finely chopped alfalfa hay (Treatment 1), or coarsely chopped alfalfa hay (Treatment 2) in a 50% forage and 50% grain diet, or 66.6% grass hay and 33.4% grain (Treatment 3), or 98.2% grass hay (Treatment 4). Conjugated linoleic acid was 7.3, 8.3, 9.0, and 7.9 mg/g of milk fatty acids in treatments 1 through 4, respectively.
Lie-Specific Involvement of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Deception (2007)

Lies are intentional distortions of event knowledge. No experimental data are available on manipulating lying processes. To address this issue, we stimulated the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Fifteen healthy volunteers were tested before and after tDCS (anodal, cathodal, and sham). Two types of truthful (truthful selected: TS; truthful unselected: TU) and deceptive (lie selected: LS; lie unselected: LU) responses were evaluated using a computer-controlled task. Reaction times (RTs) and accuracy were collected and used as dependent variables. In the baseline task, the RT was significantly longer for lie responses than for true responses ([mean +/- standard error] 1153.4 +/- 42.0 ms vs. 1039.6 +/- 36.6 ms; F(1,14) = 27.25, P = 0.00013). At baseline, RT for selected pictures was significantly shorter than RT for unselected pictures (1051.26 +/- 39.0 ms vs. 1141.76 +/- 41.1 ms; F(1,14) = 34.85, P = 0.00004). Whereas after cathodal and sham stimulation, lie responses remained unchanged (cathodal 5.26 +/- 2.7%; sham 5.66 +/- 3.6%), after anodal tDCS, RTs significantly increased but did so only for LS responses (16.86 +/- 5.0%; P = 0.002). These findings show that manipulation of brain function with DLPFC tDCS specifically influences experimental deception and that distinctive neural mechanisms underlie different types of lies.
Antisense Promoter of Human L1 Retrotransposon Drives Transcription of Adjacent Cellular Genes (2001)

In the human genome, retrotranspositionally competent long interspersed nuclear elements (L1Hs) are involved in the generation of processed pseudogenes and mobilization of unrelated sequences into existing genes. Transcription of each L1Hs is initiated from its internal promoter but may also be driven from the promoters of adjacent cellular genes. Here I show that a hitherto unknown L1Hs antisense promoter (ASP) drives the transcription of adjacent genes. The ASP is located in the L1Hs 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) and works in the opposite direction. Fifteen cDNAs, isolated from a human NTera2D1 cDNA library by a differential screening method, contained L1Hs 5'UTRs spliced to the sequences of known genes or non-proteincoding sequences. Four of these chimeric transcripts, selected for detailed analysis, were detected in total RNA of different cell lines. Their abundance accounted for roughly 1 to 500% of the transcripts of four known genes, suggesting a large variation in the efficiency of L1Hs ASP-driven transcription. ASP-directed transcription was also revealed from expressed sequence tag sequences and confirmed by using an RNA dot blot analysis. Nine of the 15 randomly selected genomic L1Hs 5'UTRs had ASP activities about 7- to 50-fold higher than background in transient transfection assays. ASP was assigned to the L1Hs 5'UTR between nucleotides 400 to 600 by deletion and mutation analysis. These results indicate that many L1Hs contain active ASPs which are capable of interfering with normal gene expression, and this type of transcriptional control may be widespread.
Nanostructured Gold Architectures Formed through High Pressure-Driven Sintering of Spherical Nanoparticle Arrays (2010)

We have demonstrated pressure-directed assembly for preparation of a new class of chemically and mechanically stable gold nanostructures through high pressure-driven sintering of nanoparticle assemblies at room temperature. We show that under a hydrostatic pressure field, the unit cell dimension of a 3D ordered nanoparticle array can be reversibly manipulated allowing fine-tuning of the interparticle separation distance. In addition, 3D nanostructured gold architecture can be formed through high pressure-induced nanoparticle sintering. This work opens a new pathway for engineering and fabrication of different metal nanostructured architectures.
On closed-loop transmit beamforming with simple beam-control commands (2005)

Transmit beamforming in frequency-division duplex wireless systems typically requires the channel state information of the forward link which is not easily available at base stations. We present a novel concept of transmit beamforming that operates without channel state information but based on beam-control commands in an analogous fashion to the well-known open-/closed-loop power control in cellular wireless communication systems. Simulation results show that the proposed operating principle is sufficiently effective in steering beam patterns toward multiple moving mobiles and also able to maintain the signal quality at a desired level expressed in SINR.
Faster Healing and Less Pain in Skin Biopsy Sites Treated With an Occlusive Dressing (1991)

We prospectively studied 174 patients on whom 226 unsutured parallel incisional (shave) and 3-mm punch skin biopsies were performed. Two wound-care programs, occlusive dressing therapy and conventional therapy, were compared. The biopsy sites were evaluated after 1 or 2 weeks for healing, pain, and infection. We found that healing was unrelated to the indication for biopsy or the patients' age, gender, or race. Occlusive dressing therapy-treated shave biopsy sites were 3.83 times more likely to be healed than those treated with conventional therapy. Regardless of the treatment method, a facial shave biopsy site was 3.6 times more likely to be healed than a biopsy site in other locations. No punch biopsy site had healed after 1 week. At 2 weeks, only 7% and 36% of conventional therapy- and occlusive dressing therapy-treated punch biopsy sites, respectively, had healed. Pain at the biopsy site was six times more common in both shave and punch biopsy sites treated with conventional therapy. The absence of pain with occlusive dressing therapy was significant for both types of biopsy. One punch biopsy site treated with conventional therapy became infected, and one treated with occlusive dressing therapy was suspected of being infected. Forty patients, who had biopsy sites treated with both therapies, preferred occlusive dressing therapy over conventional therapy by a ratio of 3:1 because of ease of wound care and lack of pain. We conclude that occlusive dressing therapy may be the wound management of choice for shave biopsy sites. Since punch biopsy sites do not heal readily, it may be more appropriate to suture them, at least until therapies are developed that more effectively speed their healing.
Effects of genotypic and phenotypic variation on establishment are important for conservation, invasion, and infection biology (2013)

There is abundant evidence that the probability of successful establishment in novel environments increases with number of individuals in founder groups and with number of repeated introductions. Theory posits that the genotypic and phenotypic variation among individuals should also be important, but few studies have examined whether founder diversity influences establishment independent of propagule pressure, nor whether the effect is model or context dependent. I summarize the results of 18 experimental studies and report on a metaanalysis that provides strong evidence that higher levels of genotypic and phenotypic diversity in founder groups increase establishment success in plants and animals. The effect of diversity is stronger in experiments carried out under natural conditions in the wild than under seminatural or standardized laboratory conditions. The realization that genetic and phenotypic variation is key to successful establishment may improve the outcome of reintroduction and translocation programs used to vitalize or restore declining and extinct populations. Founder diversity may also improve the ability of invasive species to establish and subsequently spread in environments outside of their native community, and enhance the ability of pathogens and parasites to colonize and invade the environment constituted by their hosts. It is argued that exchange of ideas, methodological approaches, and insights of the role of diversity for establishment in different contexts may further our knowledge, vitalize future research, and improve management plans in different disciplines.
Quantum Dot Microdrop Laser (2008)

We report single-mode and multimode lasing from isolated spherical liquid microcavities containing CdSe/ZnS nanocrystal quantum dots. Lasing is observed at densities more than 2 orders of magnitude lower than previously demonstrated or theoretically predicted, assuming a uniform nanocrystal quantum dot distribution. Charged droplets, between 10 and 40 microm in size, are electrodynamically levitated and optically pumped. Substantial laser signals at low thresholds are measured from the directional emission normal to the pump beam, owing to the high Q cavity modes.
The formulation of the essential oil of<i>Piper aduncum</i>Linnaeus (Piperales: Piperaceae) increases its efficacy as an insect repellent (2016)

The essential oil (EO) of Piper aduncum Linnaeus, known as 'sireh lada' to locals Malaysian, has the potential to be used as an alternative to synthetic insect repellents such as N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide. However, the EO's efficacy as a repellent decreases after application due to the high volatility of its active ingredients. A number of studies have showed that optimizing the formulation of plant-based EOs can improve their efficacy as repellents. The present study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of 10% P. aduncum EO in ethanol and in three different semisolid formulations: ointment, cream and gel. These formulations were tested on Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. Each formulation was applied to the subject's hands, which were then inserted into a cage containing 25 nulliparous A. aegypti. The number of mosquitoes landing on or biting each subject's hand was recorded, and the repellency percentage, landing/biting percentage and protection time for each of the formulations were compared. There were no statistically significant differences between the semisolid EO formulations with regards to the repellency percentage and the landing/biting percentage at 4 h post-application. All three semisolid EO formulations were able to repel >65% of the A. aegypti at 4 h post-application. The EO ointment formulation provided a protection time (182.5 ± 16.01 min) that was statistically significantly longer than that associated with the EO gel formulation (97.5 ± 14.93 min). Meanwhile, the EO cream formulation provided a protection time of 162.5 ± 6.29 min. As the EO cream and ointment formulations displayed better repellent properties than the EO gel formulation, they appear to be the most promising P. aduncum EO formulations to be developed and commercialized as alternatives to synthetic repellents.
AB-CAM: An Agent-Based Methodology for the Manufacture of STEP Compliant Feature Based Components (2001)

Customised, rapid and efficient automated NC code generation has been sought after for many decades since the development of the first NC machine tool introduction by MIT in 1952. Machine tools have evolved from simple machines with controllers that had no memory, driven by punched tape readers to today’s highly sophisticated multi-processor controllers. Part programming has developed significantly from the days of manual part programming to sophisticated computer aided part programming systems which are now commonplace in industry. Today, CNC manufacture is approaching the next significant advancement in machine tool part programming since the development of APT, thanks to the rapid development of cheaper and more advanced computer hardware and the ever increasing sophistication of artificial intelligence and knowledge based systems. With today’s rapid development of computer hardware, the availability of more sophisticated software and the development of a common standard specifically aimed at NC programming, makes the goal of a standardised CNC controller and NC code generation facility a reality. This paper presents a methodology to design a STEP compliant CAM system utilising agent technology and feature based manufacture, it is divided into three major sections. The first part of the paper provides a brief review of agent technology, the second briefly overviews feature based manufacture together with the development of new CNC standards. The major part of the paper outlines a proposed agent-based CAM system, termed AB-CAM. The structural design methodology of the AB-CAM system is shown through IDEF0 representation, illustrating the major activities within a STEP compliant structure.
All‐Optical Electrophysiology for Disease Modeling and Pharmacological Characterization of Neurons (2017)

A key challenge for establishing a phenotypic screen for neuronal excitability is measurement of membrane potential changes with high throughput and accuracy. Most approaches for probing excitability rely on low-throughput, invasive methods or lack cell-specific information. These limitations stimulated the development of novel strategies for characterizing the electrical properties of cultured neurons. Among these was the development of optogenetic technologies (Optopatch) that allow for stimulation and recording of membrane voltage signals from cultured neurons with single-cell sensitivity and millisecond temporal resolution. Neuronal activity is elicited using blue light activation of the channelrhodopsin variant 'CheRiff'. Action potentials and synaptic signals are measured with 'QuasAr', a rapid and sensitive voltage-indicating protein with near-infrared fluorescence that scales proportionately with transmembrane potential. This integrated technology of optical stimulation and recording of electrical signals enables investigation of neuronal electrical function with unprecedented scale and precision. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.