gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation (2011)

Extract If it weren't for the tell-tale wires in the foreground, this photograph could have been taken at any time since the camera was invented. In fact it was taken in 1969. Few New Territories villages retained their isolation and unspoiled architectural style in the way that this one had. Remarkably, it is in the easily accessible Lam Tsuen Valley, not somewhere remote and unserved by roads. The Rev. Arthur H. Smith, one of the most astute of the 19th-century missionary observers of the Chinese scene, had his own views on villages: A Chinese village, like Topsy, “just growed,” how, or why, no one knows or cares …. At right angles to the main street or streets, run narrow alleys, upon which open the yards and courts in which the houses are situated. Even the buildings which happen to stand contiguous to the main street offer nothing to the gaze but an expanse of dead wall. If any doorway opens on the highway, it is protected from the evil influences which might else result, by a screen wall, preventing any observation of what goes on within. A village is thus a city in miniature, having all the evils of overcrowding, though it may be situated in the midst of a wide and comparatively uninhabited plain. Whether land is dear or cheap, a village always has the same crowded appearance, and there is in either case the same indifference to the requirements of future growth.119Close
Predicting Natural Gas Production Using Artificial Neural Network (2001)

Abstract The industrial and residential market for natural gas produced in the United States has become increasingly significant. Within the past ten years the wellhead value of produced natural gas has rivaled and sometimes exceeded the value of crude oil. Forecasting natural gas supply is an economically important and challenging endeavor. This paper presents a new approach to predict natural gas production for the United States using an artificial neural network. We developed a neural network model to forecast U.S. natural gas supply to the Year 2020. Our results indicate that the U.S. will maintain its 1999 production of natural gas to 2001 after which production starts increasing. The network model indicates that natural gas production will increase during the period 2002 to 2012 on average rate of 0.5%/yr. This increase rate will more than double for the period 2013 to 2020. The neural network was developed with an initial large pool of input parameters. The input pool included exploratory, drilling, production, and econometric data. Preprocessing the input data involved normalization and functional transformation. Dimension reduction techniques and sensitivity analysis of input variables were used to reduce redundant and unimportant input parameters, and to simplify the neural network. The remaining input parameters of the reduced neural network included data of gas exploratory wells, oil/gas exploratory wells, oil exploratory wells, gas depletion rate, proved reserves, gas wellhead prices, and growth rate of gross domestic product. The three-layer neural network was successfully trained with yearly data starting from 1950 to 1989 using the quick-propagation learning algorithm. The target output of the neural network is the production rate of natural gas. The agreement between predicted and actual production rates was excellent. A test set, not used to train the network and containing data from 1990 to 1998, was used to verify and validate the network performance for prediction. Analysis of the test results shows that the neural network approach provides an excellent match of actual gas production data. An econometric approach, called stochastic modeling or time series analysis, was used to develop forecasting models for the neural network input parameters. A comparison of forecasts between this study and other forecast is presented. The neural network model has use as a short-term as well as a long-term predictive tool of natural gas supply. The model can also be used to examine quantitatively the effects of the various physical and economic factors on futuregas production.
Intracarotid Dehydrocholate Infusion: A New Method for Prolonged Reversible Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption (1983)

An animal model for prolonged reversible blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption has been developed. The external carotid arteries of Osborn-Mendel rats were catheterized in a retrograde manner. Varying concentrations of sodium dehydrocholate were infused into the internal carotid artery by this technique. BBB disruption was evaluated qualitatively by the appearance in the infused hemisphere of the systemically administered dyes Evans blue and sodium fluorescein and quantitatively by the ratio of counts of the technetium-labeled chelate of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) in the infused to the noninfused hemisphere. The ability of sodium dehydrocholate to disrupt the BBB was documented with all three markers. As the concentration of the infused dehydrocholate was increased, both the incidence and the degree of BBB disruption increased. Reversibility of BBB disruption was evaluated by the administration of sodium fluorescein and 99mTc-DTPA at varying times after BBB disruption. Depending on the concentration of the infused sodium dehydrocholate, altered BBB permeability can be maintained for over 3 days. This new model of prolonged reversible BBB disruption deserves further investigation both for basic studies of the BBB and for therapeutic studies of drug delivery into the central nervous system.
Structure of Vinyl Fluoride-Trifluoromethyl Iodide Telomers (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of Vinyl Fluoride-Trifluoromethyl Iodide TelomersThomas J. DoughertyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 3, 460–463Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01057a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01057a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the Computation of Degrees-of-Freedom: A Didactic Perspective (2005)

Some didactic issues associated with the computation of degrees-of-freedom (d.o.f.) are herein discussed. In particular the paper reports different definitions and methodologies of computation of this important parameter. It is also proposed an analytical approach to the d.o.f. computation of planar figures subjected to unilateral constraints. Mechanisms with variable kinematic structure are included in the present analysis. Some ambiguities in the d.o.f. definition are pointed out.
Endpoint detection in plasma etching (1985)

Plasma etching is a main stream technology in integrated circuit fabrication. The general trend towards fine linewidths and decreasing thickness of underlying layers (etch stops) results in an increasing dependence on highly controlled plasma etch processes. Such tight control requires in situ process monitoring, particularly, for determination of the etch endpoint. This paper reviews the various methods for endpoint detection. A novel application of interferometric principles for very precise etch endpoint determination in high density circuits is described. A comparison of several methods used simultaneously in a plasma planarization process is presented. The etch endpoint can also be determined by monitoring the pressure change in the chamber upon completion of the etch. An application of this method to dielectric etching is demonstrated.
C.M.O.S. devices fabricated on buried SiO <sup>2</sup> layers formed by oxygen implantation into silicon (1978)

Buried SiO2, layers were formed by oxygen-ion (14O+) implantation into silicon. The impurity distribution of the oxygen-implanted silicon substrate was analysed by auger spectroscopy. The epitaxially-grown silicon layer on this substrate showed a good monocrystalline structure, and a 19-stage c.m.o.s. ring oscillator exhibited high performance in operation.
An Effective Route to Cycloruthenated N-Ligands under Mild Conditions (1999)

Cycloruthenated complexes of the type [(η6-C6H6)Ru(C∧N)CH3CN]+PF6- (C∧N = C6H4-2-CH2NMe2, (R)-(+)-C6H4-2-CH(Me)NMe2, C6H2-3,4-(OCH3)2-2-CH2NMe2) are readily obtained by the intramolecular C−H activation of N,N-dimethylbenzylamine derivatives with [(η6-C6H6)RuCl2]2 in up to 53% isolated yields. Under similar conditions, 8-methylquinoline also led to a cycloruthenated complex, though in lower yield (12%) and after a longer reaction time. Reaction with the optically active (R)-(+)-N,N-dimethyl-1-phenylethylamine led to a 48% diastereomeric excess in the cycloruthenated product. Under the same conditions, and after 14 and 65 h of reaction time, respectively, 2-phenyl- and 2-benzylpyridine are cyclometalated, leading to the formation of complexes in which the benzene ligand has been substituted by three acetonitriles: [(C∧N)Ru(CH3CN)4]+PF6- (C∧N = C6H4-2-C5H4N, C6H4-2-(CH2)-C5H4N) were obtained in 40 and 24% isolated yields, respectively.
Capillary Printing of Highly Aligned Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes for High-Performance Optoelectronic Devices (2015)

Percolation networks of silver nanowires (AgNWs) are commonly used as transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) for a variety of optoelectronic applications, but there have been no attempts to precisely control the percolation networks of AgNWs that critically affect the performances of TCEs. Here, we introduce a capillary printing technique to precisely control the NW alignment and the percolation behavior of AgNW networks. Notably, partially aligned AgNW networks exhibit a greatly lower percolation threshold, which leads to the substantial improvement of optical transmittance (96.7%) at a similar sheet resistance (19.5 Ω sq(-1)) as compared to random AgNW networks (92.9%, 20 Ω sq(-1)). Polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) using aligned AgNW electrodes show a 30% enhanced maximum luminance (33068 cd m(-2)) compared to that with random AgNWs and a high luminance efficiency (14.25 cd A(-1)), which is the highest value reported so far using indium-free transparent electrodes for fluorescent PLEDs. In addition, polymer solar cells (PSCs) using aligned AgNW electrodes exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.57%, the highest value ever reported to date for PSCs using AgNW electrodes.
Role of β-Lactamases and Porins in Resistance to Ertapenem and Other β-Lactams in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (2004)

High-level resistance to ertapenem was produced by beta-lactamases of groups 1, 2f, and 3 in a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae deficient in Omp35 and Omp36. From a wild-type strain producing ACT-1 beta-lactamase, ertapenem-resistant mutants for which the ertapenem MICs were up to 128 microg/ml and expression of outer membrane proteins was diminished could be selected.
Heterogeneous NoC Design for Efficient Broadcast-based Coherence Protocol Support (2012)

Chip Multiprocessor Systems (CMPs) rely on a cache coherency protocol to maintain memory access coherence between cached data and main memory. The Hammer coherency protocol is appealing as it eliminates most of the space overhead when compared to a directory protocol. However, it generates much more traffic, thus stressing the NoC and having worse performance in terms of power consumption. When using a NoC with built-in broadcast support network utilization is lowered but does not solve completely the problem as acknowledgment messages are still sent from each core to the memory access requestor. In this paper we propose a simple control network that collects the acknowledgement messages and delivers them with a bounded and fixed latency, thus relieving the NoC from a large amount of messages. Experimental results demonstrate on a 16-tile system with the control network that execution time improves up to 17%, with an average improvement of about 7.5%. The control network has negligible impact on area when compared to the switches.
Tartrate-resistant acid ATPase as a cytochemical marker for osteoclasts. (1989)

We present a modified histochemical method for staining osteoclasts and adjacent mononuclear cells which takes advantage of the recently described substrate specificity for ATP of osteoclastic acid phosphatase. Staining of osteoclasts using ATP as substrate exhibits by light microscopy the same tartrate resistance as conventional acidic phosphatases, without the bone surface staining seen with other substrates. This feature, coupled with specific staining of fewer vicinal mononuclear cells, makes this method potentially useful for studying osteoclast ontogeny and function.
Reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes to oxidized low‐density lipoprotein: A Novel system to estimate atherosclerosis employing the cellscan (1999)

These data suggest that PBL from patients with active ischemic heart disease show an increased reactivity to oxLDL. A 73% positivity rate was found for ischemic heart disease patients compared with 5% in the control subjects. One of the future prospects of this study might be the advent of a simple and rapid noninvasive test that could assess the extent of atherosclerosis, and possibly even the response to therapy, by monitoring the reactivity of PBL to oxLDL.
Discovering relationships between service and customer satisfaction (2002)

Organizations spend significant resources tracking customer satisfaction and managing service delivery. Although a great deal of effort is expended in understanding what goes on within each of these areas, little or no effort has been applied to identifying and quantifying the relationships between the two. The objective of this research is to discover and establish potential relationships between service data and customer satisfaction. This understanding will enable more effective management, which will lead to improved quality, reduced cost and increased customer satisfaction. This study uses three years of data from an IBM operating system to measure the correlation between 15 service variables and nine customer satisfaction attributes. The results show that: (1) There is a relationship between the service data and customer satisfaction. This is the first time the existence of such a relationship has been proven and quantified. (2) The relative order of influence on customer satisfaction, of the four key service measures that are usually tracked, is defective fixes, followed by the number of problems, which in turn are followed by the number of defects and days-to-solution. The latter two were found to have little or no influence on customer satisfaction. (3) There is a return on investment of at least ten to one, for each dollar spent on quality improvement efforts in development.
Simple technique to determine cross-phase modulation induced penalties in WDM transmission (2002)

A simple technique using measured or calculated cross-phase modulation distortion of a CW channel to predict transmission penalties is presented. The accuracy of this method is demonstrated with direct BER measurements of 10 Gbit/s WDM channels for a range of distances using a recirculating loop.
Pledge to the Filipinos (1942)

Research Article| January 12 1942 Pledge to the Filipinos C. P. C. P. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1942) 11 (1): 3–4. https://doi.org/10.2307/3022413 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation C. P.; Pledge to the Filipinos. Far Eastern Survey 12 January 1942; 11 (1): 3–4. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3022413 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Pressure-based text entry for mobile devices (2009)

This paper describes the design and evaluation of a touch screen-based pressure keyboard to investigate the possibilities of pressure as a new method of input for mobile devices. A soft press on the touchscreen generated a lowercase letter, a hard press an uppercase one. The aim was to improve input performance when entering mixed-case text, or shifted characters often used for emoticons, etc. An experiment compared two different forms of pressure input (Dwell and Quick Release) against a standard shift key keyboard, with users both sitting and walking. Results showed that Quick Release was the fastest for input of mixed case text with Dwell being the most accurate, even when users were mobile. The results demonstrate that pressure input can outperform a standard shift-key keyboard design for mobile text entry.
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombosis. Evolving concepts. (1990)

Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque associated with partial or complete thrombotic vessel occlusion is fundamental to the development of ischemic coronary syndromes. Plaques that produce only mild-to-moderate angiographic luminal stenosis are frequently those that undergo abrupt disruption, leading to unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction. Plaques with increased lipid content appear more prone to rupture, particularly when the lipid pool is localized eccentrically within the intima. Macrophages appear to play an important role in atherogenesis, perhaps by participating in the uptake and metabolism of lipoproteins, secretion of growth factors, and production of enzymes and toxic metabolites that may facilitate plaque rupture. In addition, the particular composition or configuration of a plaque and the hemodynamic forces to which it is exposed may determine its susceptibility to disruption. Exposure of collagen, lipids, and smooth muscle cells after plaque rupture leads to the activation of platelets and the coagulation cascade system. The resulting thrombus may lead to marked reduction in myocardial perfusion and the development of an unstable coronary syndrome, or it may become organized and incorporated into the diseased vessel, thus contributing to the progression of atherosclerosis. In unstable angina, plaque disruption leads to thrombosis, which is usually labile and results in only a transient reduction in myocardial perfusion. Release of vasoactive substances, arterial spasm, or increases in myocardial oxygen demand may contribute to ischemia. In acute myocardial infarction, plaque disruption results in a more persistent thrombotic vessel occlusion; the extent of necrosis depends on the size of the artery, the duration of occlusion, the presence of collateral flow, and the integrity of the fibrinolytic system. Thrombi that undergo lysis expose a highly thrombogenic surface to the circulating blood, which has the capacity of activating platelets and the coagulation cascade system and may lead to thrombotic reocclusion. Measurements aimed at reversing the process of atherosclerosis via cholesterol reduction and enhanced high density lipoprotein activity are encouraging. Active research is being focused on the development of new antithrombotic tools, such as inhibitors of thrombin, thromboxane, and serotonin receptor antagonists, and monoclonal antibodies aimed at blocking platelet membrane receptors or adhesive proteins. These compounds may prove useful when immediate and potent inhibition of the hemostatic system is desired. Intensive research is still needed in the areas of pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention in atherosclerosis.
Therapeutic index for rosiglitazone in dietary obese rats: separation of efficacy and haemodilution (1999)

1. The blood glucose-lowering efficacy of rosiglitazone (RSG) and the mechanisms of associated weight gain were determined in dietary obese rats (DIOs). DIO and chow-fed rats received RSG 0.3-30 mg kg-1 daily for 21 days. 2. In DIOs, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were reduced by RSG at dosages of 3 and 10 mg kg-1, respectively. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indicated the threshold for a reduction of insulin resistance was 1 mg kg-1. Neither glucose nor insulin levels were affected by treatment in chow-fed rats. 3. RSG 0.3 mg kg-1 lowered free fatty acids (FFAs) in DIOs, whereas for plasma triglycerides (TGs), the threshold was 3 mg kg-1. By contrast, the threshold for reducing packed red cell volume (PCV) and increasing cardiac mass was 10 mg kg-1. Thus, the therapeutic index for RSG in DIOs was >3 and < or = 10. 4. Energy intake and weight gain increased in treated DIOs (by 20% and 50 g, at 30 mg kg-1) and chow-fed rats (by 25% and 35 g, at 30 mg kg-1). In DIOs, these increases coincided with falls in plasma leptin (40% lower at 30 mg kg-1) and insulin (43% lower at 30 mg kg-1). By contrast, in chow-fed rats, weight gain and hyperphagia occurred without changes in either leptin or insulin. However, reductions in FFAs below 0.4 - 0.3 mM were associated with hyperphagia and weight gain in DIO and chow-fed rats. 5. We conclude that increased energy intake and body weight did not attenuate the improved metabolism evoked by RSG in DIO rats, and that insulin action was enhanced at a dose >3 fold below the threshold for causing haemodilution and cardiac hypertrophy in DIO rats.
How to find evidence to reliably inform practice (2006)

Judith Carrier and Jon Brassey reveal some useful ways to find evidence-based information quickly with the confidence that it will be reliable