gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a human neural stem cell line for use in recovery from disability after stroke (2007)

A clonal human neural stem cell line (ReN001) has been developed for clinical use in the treatment of stable disability after stroke. This cell line has been conditionally immortalized using the fusion transgene c-mycERTAM to allow controlled expansion when cultured in the presence of 4-hydroxytamoxifen. The cell line has been banked and fully characterized to assure there is genetic stability and no phenotypic drift with extended passages. In vivo studies determined the ability of the cell line to survive after implantation into damaged brain and its efficacy in the reduction of chronic behavioural dysfunction after implantation into a rodent model of stroke damage. A further study was conducted in this model and a dose-dependent effect was observed on behavioural recovery. No safety or toxicology issues were identified in in vivo studies with this cell line, which made REN001 a strong candidate for one of the first cell-based IND applications to be submitted to the Food and Drug Administration in the United States for consideration for the treatment of stroke in humans.
Towards Reverse-Engineering Black-Box Neural Networks (2017)

Many deployed learned models are black boxes: given input, returns output. Internal information about the model, such as the architecture, optimisation procedure, or training data, is not disclosed explicitly as it might contain proprietary information or make the system more vulnerable. This work shows that such attributes of neural networks can be exposed from a sequence of queries. This has multiple implications. On the one hand, our work exposes the vulnerability of black-box neural networks to different types of attacks -- we show that the revealed internal information helps generate more effective adversarial examples against the black box model. On the other hand, this technique can be used for better protection of private content from automatic recognition models using adversarial examples. Our paper suggests that it is actually hard to draw a line between white box and black box models.
High- transistors (1996)

An overview is provided of the state of the art for transistor-like three-terminal devices based on high- superconductors. Superconducting base transistors, dielectric base transistors, vortex flow transistors, electric field-effect devices and quasiparticle-injection devices are reviewed and their fundamental limitations discussed.
Second-line therapy in colorectal cancer. (2000)

Second-line therapy is a relatively new concept for gastrointestinal oncologists. Although retreatment with fluorouracil (5-FU) is common, offering colorectal cancer patients a different chemotherapeutic agent as second-line therapy is a fairly recent strategy. The focus of this article is on the use and efficacy of oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) as second-line therapy for colorectal cancer. As such, this article will present very limited data on the toxicity of oxaliplatin regimens.
Tetrasubstituted 2-Imidazolones via Ag(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Propargylic Ureas (2011)

A one-pot protocol based on a Ag(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of propargylic ureas, derived from secondary propargylamines and isocyanates, was developed for the generation of the 2-imidazolone core.
A Multi-Compartment, Single and Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetic Study of the Vaginal Candidate Microbicide 1% Tenofovir Gel (2011)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00561496.
Improvement of the stability of fiber grating interrogation systems, using active and passive polarization scrambling devices (1997)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text W. Ecke, J. Schauer, K. Usbeck, R. Willsch, and J. P. Dakin, "Improvement of the stability of fiber grating interrogation systems, using active and passive polarization scrambling devices," in 12th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, Vol. 16 of 1997 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1997), paper OThC20. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis from Other Bromo Compounds (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Catalytic Anti-Markovnikov Transformations of Hindered Terminal Alkenes Enabled by Aldehyde-Selective Wacker-Type Oxidation (2016)

A new strategy for the functionalization of sterically hindered terminal olefins is reported. Alkenes bearing quaternary carbons at the allylic or homoallylic position are readily oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes by palladium/copper/nitrite catalysis. A broad range of functional groups including esters, nitriles, silyl ethers, vinylogous esters, ketones, lactones, and β-ketoesters are tolerated under the reaction conditions. The crude aldehyde products can be transformed further, enabling direct conversion of hindered terminal alkenes to various other synthetically useful functional groups, resulting in formal anti-Markovnikov hydroamination, among other transformations.
Photosynthetic temperature response of the Antarctic vascular plants <i>Colobanthus quitensis</i> and <i>Deschampsia antarctica</i> (1999)

The photosynthetic temperature response of the Antarctic vascular plants Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica was examined by measuring whole‐canopy CO 2 gas exchange and chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence of plants growing near Palmer Station along the Antarctic Peninsula. Both species had negligible midday net photosynthetic rates (P n ) on warm, usually sunny, days (canopy air temperature [T c ]> 20°C), but had relatively high P n on cool days (T c <10°C). Laboratory measurements of light and temperature responses of P n showed that high temperature, not visible irradiance, was responsible for depressions in P n on warm sunny days. The optimal leaf temperatures (T l ) for P n in C. quitensis and D. antarctica were 14 and 10°C, respectively. Both species had substantial positive P n at 0°C T l , which were 28 ( C. quitensis ) and 32% ( D. antarctica ) of their maximal P n , and we estimate that their low‐temperature compensation points occurred at −2°C T l ( C. quitensis ) and −3°C ( D. antarctica ). Because of the strong warming trend along the peninsula over recent decades and predictions that this will continue, we were particularly interested in the mechanisms responsible for their negligible rates of P n on warm days and their unusually low high‐temperature compensation points (i.e., 26°C in C. quitensis and 22°C in D. antarctica ). Low P n at supraoptimal temperature (25°C) appeared to be largely due to high rates of temperature‐enhanced respiration. However, there was also evidence for direct impairment of the photosynthetic apparatus at supraoptimal temperature, based on Chl fluorescence and P n /intercellular CO 2 concentration (c i ) response curve analyses. The breakpoint or critical temperature (T cr ) of minimal fluorescence (F o ) was ≈42°C in both species, which was well above the temperatures where reductions in P n were evident, indicating that thylakoid membranes were structurally intact at supraoptimal temperatures for P n . The optimal T l for photochemical quenching (q p ) and the quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) electron transfer (φ PSII ) were 9 and 7°C in C. quitensis and D. antarctica , respectively. Supraoptimal temperatures resulted in lower q p and greater non‐photochemical quenching (q NP ), but had little effect on F o , maximal fluorescence (F m ) or the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence (F v /F m ) in both species. In addition, carboxylation efficiencies or initial slopes of their P n /c i response were lower at supraoptimal temperatures, suggesting reduced activity of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Although continued warming along the peninsula will increase the frequency of supraoptimal temperatures, T c at our field site averaged 4.3°C and was below the temperature optima for P n in these species for the majority of diurnal periods (86%) during the growing season, suggesting that continued warming will usually improve their rates of P n .
HgTe and CdTe epitaxial layers and HgTe–CdTe superlattices grown by laser molecular beam epitaxy (1986)

CdTe and HgTe epilayers and HgTe/CdTe superlattices have been grown by laser molecular beam epitaxy (laser MBE) on CdTe substrates. The power density of the laser radiation used to evaporate source materials was found to be a very important growth parameter. The superlattice structures have been characterized by helium ion backscattering spectrometry, x-ray double crystal diffractometry, and low temperature electrical transport measurements. Results indicate good crystallinity and very strong 2D carrier confinement at low temperatures. At 77 K, electron mobilities in excess of 50 000 cm2/V s have been observed. Quantum Hall effect has been observed for the first time in this system.
Model and algorithm of quantum-inspired neural network with sequence input based on controlled rotation gates (2013)

To enhance the approximation and generalization ability of classical artificial neural network (ANN) by employing the principles of quantum computation, a quantum-inspired neuron based on controlled-rotation gate is proposed. In the proposed model, the discrete sequence input is represented by the qubits, which, as the control qubits of the controlled-rotation gate after being rotated by the quantum rotation gates, control the target qubit for rotation. The model output is described by the probability amplitude of state |1〉 in the target qubit. Then a quantum-inspired neural network with sequence input (QNNSI) is designed by employing the quantum-inspired neurons to the hidden layer and the classical neurons to the output layer. An algorithm of QNNSI is derived by employing the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. Experimental results of some benchmark problems show that, under a certain condition, the QNNSI is obviously superior to the ANN.
Role of the Vegetation in Experimental <i>Streptococcus viridans</i> Endocarditis (1974)

This study examines the role of the vegetation in catheter-induced experimental endocarditis in predisposing to bacterial colonization of cardiac valves and in influencing the course of the disease and response to penicillin therapy. Platelet-fibrin vegetations developed at areas of valvular trauma and were colonized when Streptococcus viridans were injected intravenously. Pretreatment with warfarin prevented vegetation formation, but animals still developed endocarditis at the same rate after injection of 10(6)S. viridans. The course of the disease in anticoagulated animals was more explosive, as determined by a more rapid rise in fever and level of bacteremia. Mean survival was shorter in anticoagulated rabbits (7 versus 12.7 days). Large vegetations containing 10(9)S. viridans/g were found in control animals, whereas anticoagulated rabbits developed only microscopic deposits. Large vegetations required a longer duration of penicillin therapy to sterilize than the infected valves of the anticoagulated group (7 versus 3 days). Therefore, a preformed platelet-fibrin deposit is not a prerequisite for bacterial colonization of cardiac valves. After infection, the vegetation is an important factor in determining the subacute course of disease and resistance to penicillin therapy.
Transforming Growth Factor-β<sub>1</sub>, -β<sub>2</sub>, -β<sub>3</sub>and Their Type I and II Receptors in HumanTerm Placenta (2000)

Expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(3) as well as cellular localization of TGF-beta receptors has not been demonstrated in placenta. TGF-beta receptor type I (RI) and type II (RII) are required to transmit TGF-beta signals, therefore the determination of cells expressing both receptors in concert is necessary to identify target cells for TGF-beta. We investigated presence and localization of TGF-betas and their receptors (RI, RII) in human term placenta using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR showed that messenger RNA for TGF-beta(1), -beta(2), -beta(3), and RI and RII is present in human term placenta. We found intense staining for all TGF-beta isoform and receptor proteins in the syncytiotrophoblastic layer, chorionic plate, and in cells of the extravillous trophoblasts using immunohistochemistry. The simultaneous expression of ligands and their receptors support the hypothesis that TGF-beta may play an important role in regulating growth, differentiation, and function of the human placenta.
Performance Analysis of the Coexistence of 5G NR-Unlicensed and Wi-Fi with Mode Selection (2020)

By allowing to utilize the unlicensed spectrum band, the New Radio Unlicensed (NR-U) is a key technology of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless system to relieve the shortage issue of licensed spectrum bands. In this paper, we investigate the WiFi and 5G NR coexisted network, where the NR base stations implement the mode selection procedure to use either the licensed spectrum band or the unlicensed spectrum band. Leveraging the stochastic geometry, we present a tractable mathematical framework to characterize the medium access probability, the conditional coverage probability for different types of access points and the overall coverage probability. The accuracy of the analytical evaluations is validated by simulations. Our results show that the incorporation of NR-U can improve the overall network performance by comparing with the performance of the stand-alone cellular network. In addition, there is an optimal mode selection probability (i.e., the probability of switching to use the unlicensed spectrum band) which maximizes the overall coverage probability.
Control of Stick-Slip Friction with a CMAC (1995)

This paper proposes a CMAC-based controller for servo systems with stick-slip friction. Performance of the controller was evaluated from computer simulations and compared with that of a conventional PID controller. Firction model used in the simulations is based upon the one proposed by Tustin. It was shown that the CMAC-based controller settles more quickly, and overshoots less than the PID. It was also shown that the CMAC is less sensitive to the changes of the plant parameters.
Fetuin-Mineral Complex Reflects Extraosseous Calcification Stress in CKD (2010)

Fetuin-A is an important inhibitor of extraosseous calcification, but some of the studies that used ELISAs did not identify a significant relationship between serum fetuin-A levels and vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we used centrifugation to separate a fetuin-mineral complex (FMC) composed of fetuin-A, fibrinogen, fibronectin-1, and calcium from the serum of hemodialysis patients. In addition, we analyzed serum fetuin-A levels of 73 patients with diabetes and CKD (predialysis) after centrifugation. Fetuin-A concentrations were significantly lower in supernatants than in serum from patients at any stage of CKD, indicating systemic circulation of FMC in these patients. With greater severity of CKD, the contribution of FMC to total fetuin-A increased. Despite the absence of a correlation between serum fetuin-A and coronary artery calcification scores (CACS), supernatant fetuin-A negatively correlated with CACS and the extent to which centrifugation reduced fetuin-A (reduction ratio [RR]) positively correlated with CACS. In a longitudinal study of 12 hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroidectomy and cinacalcet therapy each significantly reduced the RR without changing supernatant fetuin-A levels after 1 month, suggesting a reduction in FMC. Moreover, the magnitude of cinacalcet-induced reduction in parathyroid hormone correlated with the decrease in RR but not with changes in serum or supernatant fetuin-A. These data suggest that a quantitative measure of FMC, not supernatant or serum fetuin-A as measured in previous studies, reflects extraosseous calcification stress.
Changes in responsibility in women's families after the diagnosis of cancer (1986)

It is undisputed that the diagnosis of cancer catalyzes a time of family disruption and that it is important for the family to cope constructively during this time. Little is known, however, about what families actually experience, about what aspects of family life change as members learn to live with cancer. Despite this gap in knowledge families themselves and the health care system are expected to respond constructively. The result is expensive overlaps or gaps in service and sporadic, uncoordinated care. Using quantitative and qualitative measures Project Family Focus addressed this knowledge gap. Two areas of family behavior were investigated during this first year of living with cancer, (a) changes in responsibility distribution and (b) changes in use of support systems. In 27 of the Canadian families studied, the patient was female and was treated for breast cancer. Results specific to changes in responsibility distribution in these families reveal that adult females carry a disproportionate percentage of household responsibility prior to their diagnosis of cancer. Although other family members assume more responsibility during the treatment and recovery period, the household labor distribution continues to be skewed toward adult females. This finding is especially true in partnered families. Within a year, prediagnosis responsibility distributions return with adult females again carrying out most of the household activities. Implications for women and for health care workers involved with breast cancer clients are presented.
机器人来了——第四次工业革命（上） (2016)

科技带来创新,科技改变世界。早期人类对周围世界的认知形成了原始科技,原始科技带来的创新,导致了一万多年前的农业革命和村镇的涌现。发端于1600年的科技革命奠定了当今世界的基础。现在我们则身处更为剧烈的革命的边缘。1600年的时候中国是世界上最先进的国家。1900年的时候中国却被第一次工业革命击垮,饱受欺凌。地球上没有哪个角落能免受第一次工业革命的影响,它完全改变了这个世界,而且更重要的是它从根本上改变了那个时代几乎每个人的生活。
The two‐step lysis system of pneumococcal bacteriophage EJ‐1 is functional in Gram‐negative bacteria: triggering of the major pneumococcal autolysin in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1996)

The holin function Ejh of the pneumococcal bacteriophage EJ‐1 has been characterized. It shows structural features similar to, and functionally complemented, the prototype member of the holin family. In Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida the Ejh product caused cellular death, and changes in cell morphology could be accounted for by lesions in the cytoplasmic membrane. Expression of ejh resulted in the inhibition of growth in a variety of phylogenetically distant bacterial genera, suggesting a broad spectrum of action. Concomitant expression of the ejh and ejl (encodes a lysin) genes led to lysis of E. coli and P. putida cells. Remarkably, the Ejl lysin was able to attack murein from bacteria lacking choline in their sacculi, which suggests that pneumococcal lysins have a broader substrate specificity than previously assumed. Furthermore, the Ejh holin was able to trigger activity of the major pneumococcal autolysin cloned and expressed in E. coli , and this raised new questions about the regulation of this model autolysin. A new function for holins in systems where the phage lysin is supposed to be associated with the membrane is proposed.
Placement in Clouds for Application-Level Latency Requirements (2012)

CPU and device virtualization technology allows applications to be hosted on cloud platforms; some of the resulting benefits are lower cost and greater elasticity. In such cloud hosted applications, some components reside on the cloud while others, such as end users and components tied to physical devices, are located outside the cloud. Many applications, e.g., telecom services, have stringent latency requirements in terms of within how much time certain procedures must be completed. The application latency is strongly determined by the locations of all the interacting components that are both within and outside the cloud. In this paper, we study the problem of determining the optimal placement of the application components in the cloud so that the latency requirements of the application can be met. We present a precise formulation of the placement problem which includes a specification of the cloud platform, and collective latency expressions for application-level latency requirements. We show that Message Sequence Charts (MSCs), a widely-used mechanism for describing the execution of application procedures, can be naturally translated into our formalism of collective latency expressions. We present placement algorithms that exploit the Euclidean triangular inequality property of network topologies: (a) an exact algorithm for determining the most optimal placement but which has a worst-case exponential running time, and (b) an algorithm for determining a close to-optimal placement that has a fast polynomial running time. Additionally, we present an exact technique for partitioning a placement problem into smaller sub problems so that greater efficiency and accuracy can be achieved. We evaluate the performance of the algorithms on a representative telecom application --- a distributed deployment of the LTE Mobility Management Entity (MME). Our evaluation results show that our approximate algorithm can outperform a random placement by up to 49% for finding a successful placement.
Enhanced responsivity in a novel AlGaN / GaN plasmon-resonant terahertz detector using gate-dipole antenna with parasitic elements (2010)

In this paper, we present a novel AlGaN/GaN heterojunction FET which can detect THz radiation directly at a gate electrode with high responsivity. We present a novel AlGaN/GaN THz detector utilizing the plasmon resonance. The device has a simple HFET structure in which the gate is used as a dipole antenna and the source/drain are used for the parasitic elements of it to increase the gain. The device is free from the long transmission line so that very high responsivity of 1.1x10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> V/W is attained by reducing the propagation loss. The presented THz detector with high sensitivity is useful for future THz applications.
Phosphoinositide phosphatases and disease (2008)

The field of inositol signaling has expanded greatly in recent years. Given the many reviews on phosphoinositide kinases, we have chosen to restrict our discussion to inositol lipid hydrolysis focused on the phosphatases and a brief mention of the lipase isoforms. We also discuss recent discoveries that link mutations in phosphoinositide phosphatases to disease.