gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Color Fade during Frozen Storage of Red Grapefruit Juice Concentrates (2002)

Color changes in red grapefruit juice concentrates during storage at -23 degrees C for 12 months were studied. Concentrate (38 degrees Brix) was packed in both plastic (16 oz) and metal (6 oz) cans. Decrease in red intensity (CIE a) in juice color and slight increases in CIE L*, b*, and hue values from analysis of reconstituted juices were the characteristic color changes in concentrate during frozen storage. With respect to fresh concentrate, juice color in stored concentrate shifted toward the direction between negative DeltaC* and positive DeltaL*, indicating the color became slightly paler. A color difference seems to exist between the two containers, especially for the magnitude of DeltaE*; color changes were more pronounced in concentrates packed in plastic. There are significant changes (P < 0.05) in major carotenoid pigments (beta-carotene and lycopene) in the concentrates. More than 20% loss of lycopene and about 7% loss of beta-carotene occurred with plastic containers after a 12-month period. Regression analysis showed that the rate of decline was about 0.291 ppm per month (r = 0.990) for lycopene compared to 0.045 ppm (r = 0.817) for beta-carotene in concentrate stored in plastic. In the metal can, the same trends were observed but pigment losses were slightly smaller than those with plastic. An estimated shelf life for lycopene was 26.1 months in the metal can compared to 18 months in plastic. Shelf life for beta-carotene was more than 39 months, more than twice that of lycopene in plastic container.
Demonstration of Compression-Ignition Engine Combustion Using Ammonia in Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2008)

This study demonstrated the feasibility of ammonia combustion in compression-ignition diesel engines. Ammonia combustion does not produce carbon dioxide, a known greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Using this idea, a method was developed to introduce ammonia into the intake manifold and to inject diesel fuel or biodiesel directly into the cylinder to ignite the mixture. This dual-fuel approach was chosen because ammonia has a high resistance to autoignition. This approach was proven successful in a multicylinder, turbocharged diesel engine. The system developed required only a slight modification of the intake to implement the ammonia fuel line. The existing diesel fuel injection system remained unchanged. A liquid ammonia tank was used for fuel storage, and a high pressure relief valve regulated the ammonia flow rate. Engine combustion phasing (e.g., ignition) was controlled by diesel fuel injection. Both experiments and chemical kinetic studies were carried out for different diesel/ammonia ratios at various engine speeds and loads. Ammonia was used as an energy replacement for diesel fuel. The results showed that the peak engine torque could be achieved by using different combinations of diesel fuel and ammonia. During testing, a maximum energy replacement of 95% was measured. It should be noted that if more ammonia is added, a higher than rated power can be achieved depending on engine load conditions. This would be similar in practice to adding nitrous oxide to gasoline engines. It was also shown that CO2 emissions were reduced monotonically for the same engine torque output as the amount of the ammonia in the fuel mixture increased. Additionally, burning ammonia in engines does not necessarily increase NOx emissions despite the fuel-bound nitrogen. Lower levels of NOx emissions were obtained as long as energy substitution by ammonia did not exceed 60%. This is thought to occur because of the lower combustion temperature of ammonia. This study also showed that the engine could be operated at different load conditions by using a small quantity of diesel fuel with the appropriate amounts of ammonia to achieve desirable loads. Biodiesel was also used with ammonia at different ratios resulting in successful engine operation. Results of using biodiesel−ammonia were similar to those of using diesel fuel−ammonia.
Inhibition by Seminal Plasma of Acrosomal Enzymes in Intact Sperm (1970)

Epididymal sperm have high trypsin-like enzyme (TLE) activity, CPE activity and neuraminidase activity whereas these enzyme activities are much lower in ejaculated sperm. Incubation of epididymal sperm with seminal plasma caused a decrease in each of these enzyme activities, indicating that seminal plasma inhibitors may transfer to the acrosomal enzymes during ejaculation. Boiled and centrifuged seminal plasma did not inhibit the TLE activity of epididymal sperm but did decrease the CPE and neuraminidase activity.
Clinical Outcomes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Response to Medical Therapy: Results of a Prospective Study (2007)

The majority of CRS patients receiving medical treatment show modest improvement over time in SNOT-20+1 scores. Facial pain or facial pressure at entry are negatively associated with outcomes and may reflect causes other than CRS. These findings highlight the limitations of current medical treatment for CRS and the need for novel treatment strategies.
Time-resolved electroabsorption measurement of the transient electron velocity overshoot in GaN (2001)

A femtosecond time-resolved electroabsorption technique employing an AlGaN/GaN heterojunction p–i–n diode with a p-type AlGaN window layer and a semitransparent p contact has been used to measure the transient electron velocity overshoot in GaN. A peak transient electron velocity of 7.25×107 cm/s within the first 200 fs after photoexcitation has been observed at a field of 320 kV/cm. The increase in electron transit time across the device with increasing field beyond 320 kV/cm provides experimental evidence for a negative differential resistivity region of the steady-state velocity-field characteristic in this high field range.
On the accuracy of TIGER-type geocoded address data in relation to cadastral and census areal units (2001)

Abstract In many applications of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) a common task is the conversion of addresses into grid coordinates. In many countries this is usually accomplished using address range TIGER-type files in conjunction with geocoding packages within a GIS. Improvements in GIS functionality and the storage capacity of large databases mean that the spatial investigation of data at the individual address level is now commonly performed. This process relies on the accuracy of the geocoding mechanism and this paper examines this accuracy in relation to cadastral records and census tracts. Results from a study of over 20 000 addresses in Sydney, Australia, using a TIGER-type geocoding process suggest that 5-7.5% (depending on geocoding method) of addresses may be misallocated to census tracts, and more than 50% may be given coordinates within the land parcel of a different property.
Bis(benzyl)polyamine analogs inhibit the growth of chloroquine-resistant human malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum) in vitro and in combination with alpha-difluoromethylornithine cure murine malaria. (1989)

A number of bis(benzyl)polyamine analogs were found to be potent inhibitors of both chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive strains of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in vitro (IC50 values = 0.2-14 microM). Administration of one of the compounds, MDL 27695, which is N,N'-bis(3-[(phenylmethyl)amino]propyl)-1,7-diaminoheptane (C6H5CH2NH(CH2)3NH(CH2)7NH(CH2)3NHCH2C6H5), at 10-15 mg/kg i.p. three times per day for 3 days in combination with 2% alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; eflornithine) in drinking water effected cures of 47/54 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Cured mice were found to be immune upon rechallenge with the same P. berghei strain 4 months after the initial infection and drug-induced cure. MDL 27695 rapidly inhibited the incorporation of [3H]hypoxanthine into P. falciparum RNA and DNA, whereas the incorporation of [3H]isoleucine was not affected until much later. We conclude, therefore, that the major cytotoxic event may be direct binding of MDL 27695 to DNA with subsequent disruption of macromolecular biosynthesis and cell death. These compounds offer a lead in the search for new agents for chemotherapy of malaria.
Transcriptional activating regions target attached substrates to a cyclin-dependent kinase (2005)

The yeast cyclin-dependent kinase Srb10 phosphorylates various transcriptional activators as they activate transcription, and acidic transcriptional activating domains found on several activators directly bind Srb10. Here we show that the interaction between Srb10 (with its associated cyclin Srb11) and each of several different activating regions, in vitro, leads to the phosphorylation of peptide sequences attached to but outside of the activating regions themselves. In some cases, residues within the activating regions are also phosphorylated. The results define a mechanism by which a kinase is recruited to alternate substrates with diverse physiological consequences.
Directly fed millimetre-wave two-arm spiral antenna (2010)

An 18 to 110 GHz two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna directly fed with a Dyson balun is designed, fabricated, and measured. The feed line includes a monolithically integrated rectangular coaxial line impedance transformer designed to reduce the nominal antenna impedance from ∼180 to 80 Ω and to match that impedance to the nominal system's impedance of 50 Ω. Full-wave modelling and impedance measurements are used to assess antenna performance. A VSWR<2.5:1 is obtained throughout the measured band.
Diversity (1988)

After President Richard Nixon's resignation in 1974 and the lacklustre administration of his successor, Gerald Ford, liberal Americans looked to the Democrat, Jimmy Carter, for leadership of integrity and intelligence. Despite President Carter's success in defusing the political crisis in the Middle East by bringing Israel's Prime Minister, Menachem Begin and Egypt's President Sadat into conversation at Camp David and overseeing the signing of the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty of 1979, the general ineffectuality of his single-term administration favoured a more hawkish successor. In November 1980 the sixty-nine-year-old Republican, Ronald Reagan, an ex-movie-actor and former Governor of California, was swept to the White House by one of the biggest election landslides in American history.
Extraction of Structural and Semantic Data from 2D Floor Plans for Interactive and Immersive VR Real Estate Exploration (2018)

Three-dimensional reconstructions of indoor environments are useful in various augmented and virtual scenarios. Creating a realistic virtual apartment in 3D manually does not only take time, but also needs skilled people for implementation. Analyzing a floor plan is a complicated task. Due to the lack of engineering standards in creating these drawings, they can have multiple different appearances for the same building. This paper proposes multiple models and heuristics which enable fully automated 3D reconstructions out of only a 2D floor plan. Our study focuses on floor plan analysis and definition of special requirements for a 3D building model used in a Virtual Reality (VR) setup. The proposed method automatically analyzes floor plans with a pattern recognition approach, thereby extracting accurate metric information about important components of the building. An algorithm for mesh generation and extracting semantic information such as apartment separation and room type estimation is presented. A novel method for VR interaction with interior design completes the framework. The result of the presented system is intended to be used for presenting a large number of apartments to customers. It can also be used as a base for purposes such as furnishing apartments, realistic occlusions for AR (Augmented Reality) applications such as indoor navigation or analyzing purposes. Finally, a technical evaluation and an interactive user study prove the advantages of the presented system.
osteoprotegerin-deficient mice develop early onset osteoporosis and arterial calcification (1998)

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a secreted protein that inhibits osteoclast formation. In this study the physiological role of OPG is investigated by generating OPG-deficient mice. Adolescent and adult OPG-/- mice exhibit a decrease in total bone density characterized by severe trabecular and cortical bone porosity, marked thinning of the parietal bones of the skull, and a high incidence of fractures. These findings demonstrate that OPG is a critical regulator of postnatal bone mass. Unexpectedly, OPG-deficient mice also exhibit medial calcification of the aorta and renal arteries, suggesting that regulation of OPG, its signaling pathway, or its ligand(s) may play a role in the long observed association between osteoporosis and vascular calcification.
Differentially expressed transcripts of wild and cultivated jute (Corchorusspp.) varieties upon fungal (Macrophomina phaseolina) infection (2010)

Macrophomina phaseolina can cause disease to most of the commercially grown jute (Corchorus spp.) species. This fungus is one of the major growth limiting factors of two of the most widely cultivated species-Corchorus olitorius and C. capsularis. Resistance to this fungus is present in a wild type species C. trilocularis. In this study, the differential display approach was applied to identify the genes that are expressed differentially upon fungal infection between the resistant species C. trilocularis and susceptible counterpart C. olitorius var. O-72. Differential display identified three transcripts showing different banding patterns. Cloning and sequencing revealed that one of the transcripts has homology with disease resistance gene of other plants, one with non-LTR retrotransposon and the third one has no significant homology with any reported sequence in the nucleotide database. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed to study expression profile under different stress conditions.
Wavelet transform and scale space filtering of fractal images (1995)

In this correspondence, we consider wavelet transform and scale space filtering as special cases of general scale shift mapping (SSM). Then, the SSM is used as a tool for characterizing the geometrical complexity of uniform fractals. This tool can reveal the construction rule of fractals and estimate fractal dimension. Finally, we use the results obtained from scale shift mapping to estimate iterated function system (IFS) codes of a class of fractal images. Some examples have been illustrated to demonstrate its good performance.
Distinct domains of antizyme required for binding and proteolysis of ornithine decarboxylase (1994)

Selective degradation by proteasomes of ornithine decarboxylase, the initial enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, is mediated by the polyamine-inducible protein antizyme. Antizyme binds to a region near the N terminus of ornithine decarboxylase (X. Li and P. Coffino, Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:3556-3562, 1992). This interaction induces a conformational change in ornithine decarboxylase that exposes its C terminus and inactivates the enzyme (X. Li and P. Coffino, Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1487-1492, 1993). Here we show that the C-terminal half of antizyme alone can inactivate ornithine decarboxylase and alter its conformation, but it cannot direct degradation of the enzyme, either in vitro or in vivo. A portion of the N-terminal half of antizyme must be present to promote degradation.
Something a Host Could Do with Source Quench: The Source Quench Introduced Delay (SQuID) (1987)

The memo is intended to explore the issue of what a host could do with
a source quench. The proposal is for each source host IP module to
introduce some delay between datagrams sent to the same destination
host. This is a crazy idea paper and discussion is essential.
Evaluating the UMLS as a source of lexical knowledge for medical language processing. (2001)

Medical language processing (MLP) systems rely on specialized lexicons in order to recognize, classify, and normalize medical terminology, and the performance of an MLP system is dependent on the coverage and quality of such lexicons. However, the acquisition of lexical knowledge is expensive and time-consuming. The UMLS is a comprehensive resource that can be used to acquire lexical knowledge needed for medical language processing. This paper describes methods that use these resources to automatically create lexical entries and generate two lexicons. The first lexicon was created primarily using the UMLS, whereas the second was created by supplementing the lexicon of an existing MLP system called MedLEE with entries based on the UMLS. We subsequently carried out a study, which is the primary focus of this paper, using MedLEE with each of the two lexicons and also the current MedLEE lexicon to measure performance. Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity using the lexicon primarily based on the UMLS were.86,.60, and.96 respectively. Those measures using the MedLEE lexicon alone were.93,.81, and.93, which was significantly better except for specificity; performance using the supplemental lexicon was exactly the same as performance using solely the MedLEE lexicon.
Fabrication of Textile Antennas and Circuits With 0.1 mm Precision (2015)

We present a new selection of E-fibers (also referred to as E-threads) and associated embroidery process. The new E-threads and process achieve a geometrical precision down to 0.1 mm. Thus, for the first time, accuracy of typical printed circuit board (PCB) prototypes can be achieved directly on textiles. Compared to our latest embroidery approach, the proposed process achieves: 1) 3 × higher geometrical precision; 2) 24 × lower fabrication cost; 3) 50% less fabrication time; and 4) equally good RF performance. This improvement was achieved by employing a new class of very thin, 7-filament, Elektrisola E-threads ( diameter ≈ 0.12 mm, almost 2 × thinner than before). To validate our approach, we “printed” and tested a textile spiral antenna operating between 1-5 GHz. Measurement results were in good agreement with simulations. We envision this textile spiral to be integrated within a cap and unobtrusively acquire neuropotentials from wireless fully-passive brain implants. Overall, the proposed embroidery approach brings forward new possibilities for a wide range of applications.
CHURCH HISTORY (1953)

Journal Article CHURCH HISTORY Get access The Quest for Christian Unity. By ROBERT S. BILHEIMERNew York: Association Press, 1952. 181 pages. $2.50. WINTHROP S. HUDSON WINTHROP S. HUDSON Colgate-Rochester Divinity School Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XXI, Issue 2, April 1953, Pages 133–134, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XXI.2.133 Published: 01 April 1953
TGF-beta regulates expression of tenascin alternative-splicing isoforms in fetal rat lung (1995)

Two distinct mRNA-splice isoforms of tenascin (TN) are expressed differentially during rat lung development. The unique temporal expression pattern of two TN isoforms suggests the expression of tenascin is strictly developmentally regulated in rat lung tissue. We investigated molecular mechanisms which modulate alternative-splicing expression of TN in lung development. The effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) on regulation of expression of TN isoforms was examined by in vitro lung explant culture. Immunoblotting with anti-TN antibody detected two TN polypeptides in rat lung explant culture, the larger [relative molecular weight (M(r)) 230, TN230] polypeptide and the smaller (M(r) 180, TN180). TGF-beta 1 markedly induced the TN180 isoform and caused only a moderate increase of the TN230 isoform. The effects of TGF-beta 1 were shown to be dose dependent over a physiological range of TGF-beta 1 protein concentration. The induction of TN isoform biosynthesis by TGF-beta 1 was detected 12 h after addition of the growth factor, and the effects endured for up to 48 h at a dose of 5 ng/ml. By reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction through amplification of the entire fibronectin type III (FN-III) splicing domain, two distinct TN isoforms were detected in total RNA isolated from gestational day 21 rat lung explant culture treated with TGF-beta 1 and from postnatal day 8 rat lung. The larger isoform contained five FN-III alternative splicing repeats [1,420 base pairs (bp)], but the shorter splicing isoform lacked four FN-III alternative splicing repeats (340 bp).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The First Crystal Structure of a Thioacylenzyme Intermediate in the ALDH Family:  New Coenzyme Conformation and Relevance to Catalysis (2006)

Crystal structures of several members of the nonphosphorylating CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family have shown that the peculiar binding mode of the cofactor to the Rossmann fold results in a conformational flexibility for the nicotinamide moiety of the cofactor. This has been hypothesized to constitute an essential feature of the catalytic mechanism because the conformation of the cofactor required for the acylation step is not appropriate for the deacylation step. In the present study, the structure of a reaction intermediate of the E268A-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) from Streptococcus mutans, obtained by soaking the crystals of the enzyme/NADP complex with the natural substrate, is reported. The substrate is bound covalently in the four monomers and presents the geometric characteristics expected for a thioacylenzyme intermediate. Control experiments assessed that reduction of the coenzyme has occurred within the crystal. The structure reveals that reduction of the cofactor upon acylation leads to an extensive motion of the nicotinamide moiety with a flip of the reduced pyridinium ring away from the active site without significant changes of the protein structure. This event positions the reduced nicotinamide moiety in a pocket that likely constitutes the exit door for NADPH. Arguments are provided that the structure reported here constitutes a reasonable picture of the first thioacylenzyme intermediate characterized thus far in the ALDH family and that the position of the reduced nicotinamide moiety observed in GAPN is the one suitable for the deacylation step within all of the nonphosphorylating CoA-independent ALDH family.
A prospective study on intermittent pneumatic compression in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing total hip or total knee replacement. (1992)

Three hundred and forty-six consecutive patients undergoing total hip or total knee replacement were prospectively studied to evaluate the effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression of the legs for the prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. All patients were serially studied using impedance plethysmography and duplex ultrasound with color flow preoperatively and on the fourth and seventh postoperative day. The incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis in this series was 4 percent. Each patient with a postoperative duplex ultrasound had positive impedance plethysmography. Of the 14 patients who had postoperative deep vein thrombosis, seven had positive test results on postoperative day four and seven had positive tests on postoperative day seven. No patients were symptomatic. The results suggest that the high incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis after extensive orthopedic operation is significantly lowered by the use of intermittent pneumatic compression. Intermittent pneumatic compression, therefore, may be the preferred approach in prophylaxis of postoperative deep vein thrombosis.