gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tensiones del modelo vigente de conceptualización de los trastornos mentales (2010)

espanolSe analizan las limitaciones del modelo de conceptualizacion de los trastornos psicopatologicos que subyace a las clasificaciones psicopatologicas actuales. En especifico, se focaliza la atencion en la gran cantidad de personas que pueden ser identificadas como presentando un trastorno desde estas clasificaciones, y se describen y analizan tres perspectivas que han intentado dar cuenta de este problema. Se concluye respecto de la necesidad de socializar una perspectiva que no considere a los trastornos mentales como objetos naturales tanto a nivel de los profesionales de la salud mental como en la sociedad en general. EnglishThe drawbacks of the conceptualization model of psychopathologic disorders that underlie the current psychopathologic classifications were analysed. Specifically, the attention is focused on the large amount of people that can be identified as showing a disorder from these classifications, and three perspectives are described and analysed, perspectives that have tried to account for this problem. It is concluded in respect to the need to socialise a perspective that doesn’t consider mental disorders as natural objects at mental health professional level as well as in society in general.
Efficient key-dependent message authentication in reconfigurable hardware (2011)

Cryptographic message authentication is a growing need for FPGA-based embedded systems. In this paper a customized FPGA implementation of a GHASH function that is used in AES-GCM, a widely-used message authentication protocol, is described. The implementation limits GHASH logic utilization by specializing the hardware implementation on a per-key basis. The implemented module can generate a 128bit message authentication code in both pipelined and unpipelined versions. The pipelined GHASH version achieves an authentication throughput of more than 14 Gbit/s on a Spartan-3 FPGA and 292 Gbit/s on a Virtex-6 device. To promote adoption in the field, the complete source code for this work has been made publically-available.
Optical pulse propagation in a Fabry–Perot etalon: analytical discussion (2001)

The phase modulation and dispersion property of a Fabry-Perot etalon are investigated analytically. It is demonstrated that within the resonant dispersion region in the etalon transmission spectrum, effective time delay of light pulse propagation can be achieved, and the maximum delay period can be simply related to the mirror reflectivity and optical length of the etalon. With a much simplified model, the influences of etalon parameters on the transmitted Gaussian pulse are evaluated, and simple relations regarding pulse distortion and energy loss are obtained to illustrate the temporal properties of the etalon.
Polychromatic optical parametric generation by simultaneous phase matching over a large spectral bandwidth (1997)

The parametric generation of broad spectral bandwidths by the use of suitable phase-matching geometries is reported. Greater than 100-nm simultaneous bandwidth in the visible is generated in a collimated signal beam from a novel, noncollinear phase-matching geometry in a β-barium borate optical parametric oscillator, which is pumped by the collimated output of a Q-switched and frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser. Dispersive cavity tuning of the optical parametric oscillator by use of a rotatable Littrow-mounted grating, with a static crystal and pump configuration, is also described. A tunable bandwidth of >100 nm is also demonstrated.
Freezing adhesion molecules in a state of high-avidity binding blocks eosinophil migration. (1993)

Leukocyte extravasation is mediated by multiple interactions of adhesive surface structures with ligands on endothelial cells and matrix components. The functional role of beta 1 (CD29) integrins (or very late antigen [VLA] proteins) in eosinophil migration across polycarbonate filters was examined under several in vitro conditions. Eosinophil migration induced by the chemoattractant C5a or platelet-activating factor was fully inhibited by monoclonal antibody (mAb) 8A2, a recently characterized "activating" CD29 mAb. However, inhibition by mAb 8A2 was observed only under filter conditions that best reflected the in vivo situation, i.e., when the eosinophils migrated over filters preincubated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin (FN), or when the filters were covered with confluent monolayers of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). When bare untreated filters were used, mAb 8A2 had no effect, whereas the C5a-directed movement was prevented by CD18 mAb. Studies with alpha-subunit (CD49)-specific mAbs indicated that the integrins VLA-4 and -5 mediated migration across FN-preincubated filters, and VLA-2, -4, -5, and -6 were involved in eosinophil migration through filters covered with HUVEC. In contrast with the activating CD29 mAb 8A2, a combination of blocking CD49 mAbs or the nonactivating but blocking CD29 mAb AIIB2 failed to inhibit completely eosinophil migration over FN-preincubated or HUVEC-covered filters. mAb 8A2 stimulated binding to FN but not to HUVEC. Moreover, eosinophil migration over FN-preincubated or HUVEC-covered filters was significantly inhibited by anti-connecting segment 1 (CS-1) mAbs, as well as the soluble CS-1 peptide (unlike migration across bare untreated filters). Thus, inhibition of eosinophil migration by mAb 8A2 depended upon the presence of ECM proteins and not upon the presence of HUVEC per se. In conclusion, "freezing" adhesion receptors of the beta 1 integrin family into their high-avidity binding state by the activating CD29 mAb 8A2 results in a complete inhibition of eosinophil migration under physiological conditions. Hence, activation of beta 1 integrin-mediated cell adhesion may represent a new approach to prevent influx of inflammatory cells.
Control of TB in wildlife by oral BCG vaccination (2009)

Evaluation of: Tompkins DM, Ramsey DS, Cross ML et al. Oral vaccination reduces the incidence of tuberculosis in free-living brushtail possums. Proc. Biol. Sci. 276(1669), 2987–2995 (2009).Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is present in many wild animal populations throughout the world. The disease can have a significant economic impact when the wild animal species is a reservoir of infection for domestic animals. It can pose a zoonotic threat for those who come in contact with infected animals, be they wild or domesticated. To date, strategies for dealing with TB in wildlife have been limited; physical separation of wild from domestic animals or culling of infected populations can help to reduce the spread of infection, but culling is not an option with species of high conservation value. Vaccination of animals with the bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine has long been considered an attractive strategy for combating the disease. However, its widespread use in the wild has been constrained pending the development of a suitable delivery system. In the paper under evaluation, Tompkins and colleagues in New Zealand have shown that oral vaccination with BCG can protect wild brushtail possums against natural infection with M. bovis. This highly significant finding paves the way towards incorporation of wildlife vaccination into bovine TB eradication programs worldwide.
A voxel-based finite element model for the prediction of bladder deformation (2011)

Voxel-based mesh generation allows fast, automatic, and robust creation of finite element bladder models directly from binary segmentation images without user intervention. Even the low-resolution voxel-based hexahedral mesh yields comparable accuracy in bladder shape prediction and more than 20 times faster in computational speed compared to the tetrahedral mesh. This approach makes it more feasible and accessible to apply FE method to model bladder deformation in adaptive radiotherapy.
Homogeneous Superpixels from Random Walks (2011)

This paper presents a novel algorithm to generate homogeneous superpixels from the process of Markov random walks. We exploit Markov clustering (MCL) as the methodology, a generic graph clustering method based on stochastic flow circulation. In particular, we introduce a new graph pruning strategy called compact pruning in order to capture intrinsic local image structure, and thereby keep the superpixels homogeneous, i.e. uniform in size and compact in shape. Further, this new pruning scheme comes with three advantages: faster computation, smaller memory footprint, and straightforward parallel implementation. Through comparisons with other recent standard techniques, we show that the proposed algorithm achieves an optimal performance in terms of qualitative measure at a decent computational speed. 1
Case 14-1993 (1993)

Presentation of CaseA 74-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of hypercalcemia and an osteolytic bone lesion.The patient had been in good health until six years earlier, when hypercalcemia was discovered. The alkaline phosphatase was increased, and the parathyroid hormone was six times the upper limit of normal. The calcium rose as high as 13.6 mg per deciliter (3.4 mmol per liter), although the patient denied all symptoms. An ultrasonographic examination of the neck was said to show no definite evidence of a parathyroid adenoma.Thereafter the patient continued to feel well except for intermittent fatigue until . . .
Techniques for the diagnosis of sarcopenia (2014)

Sarcopenia is an age-related process of skeletal muscle loss associated with declining physical performance, highly prevalent among older subjects, with a negative prognostic effect on falls, disability and mortality risk. Modern approaches to sarcopenia case finding and diagnosis are based on physical performance measures, while assessment of muscle mass represents the second diagnostic step. Muscle mass can be quantified at different levels of body composition, with a complexity increasing from atomic detection to anatomic measure. In the choice of measuring method, different factors have to be taken into account, including validity, simplicity, cost and specific purpose (clinical versus research). Some methods, such as MRI and CT, have high validity but are complex and costly. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is inexpensive and easy to perform in most settings, being the preferred method for clinical practice. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry has intermediate cost and complexity with good reproducibility, and is more reliable for research setting. Other methods, such as administration of tritium (D3)-marked creatine and measurement of urinary D3-creatinine, are still in a preclinical phase of development. For all methods the issue of normative data does exist and needs to be solved, in order to reliably identify homogeneous populations with sarcopenia, to be targeted in clinical practice and intervention studies.
Bioreactor Expansion of Human Adult Bone Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2006)

Supplementation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation alleviates complications such as graft-versus-host disease, leading to a speedy recovery of hematopoiesis. To meet this clinical demand, a fast MSC expansion method is required. In the present study, we examined the feasibility of using a rotary bioreactor system to expand MSCs from isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells. The cells were cultured in a rotary bioreactor with Myelocult medium containing a combination of supplementary factors, including stem cell factor and interleukin-3 and -6. After 8 days of culture, total cell numbers, Stro-1(+)CD44(+)CD34(-) MSCs, and CD34(+)CD44(+)Stro-1(-) HSCs were increased 9-, 29-, and 8-fold, respectively. Colony-forming efficiency-fibroblast per day of the bioreactor-treated cells was 1.44-fold higher than that of the cells without bioreactor treatment. The bioreactor-expanded MSCs showed expression of primitive MSC markers endoglin (SH2) and vimentin, whereas markers associated with lineage differentiation, including osteocalcin (osteogenesis), type II collagen (chondrogenesis), and C/EBP-alpha (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha) (adipogenesis), were not detected. Upon induction, the bioreactor-expanded MSCs were able to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. We conclude that the rotary bioreactor with the modified Myelocult medium reported in this study may be used to rapidly expand MSCs.
Synthesis and Structure Activity Relationship of Tetrahydroisoquinoline-Based Potentiators of GluN2C and GluN2D Containing<i>N</i>-Methyl-<scp>d</scp>-aspartate Receptors (2013)

We describe here the synthesis and evaluation of a series of tetrahydroisoquinolines that show subunit-selective potentiation of NMDA receptors containing the GluN2C or GluN2D subunits. Bischler-Napieralski conditions were employed in the key step for the conversion of acyclic amides to the corresponding tetrahydroisoquinoline-containing analogs. Compounds were evaluated using both two-electrode voltage clamp recordings from Xenopus laevis oocytes and imaging of mammalian BHK cells loaded with Ca(2+)-sensitive dyes. The most potent analogues had EC50 values of 300 nM and showed over 2-fold potentiation of the response to maximally effective concentrations of glutamate and glycine but had no effect on responses from NMDA receptors containing the GluN2A or GluN2B subunits AMPA, kainate, and GABA or glycine receptors or a variety of other potential targets. These compounds represent a potent class of small molecule subunit-selective potentiators of NMDA receptors.
Detection and Differentiation of Human Polyomaviruses JC and BK by LightCycler PCR (2001)

Human polyomaviruses JC and BK may cause several clinical manifestations in immunocompromised hosts, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and hemorrhagic cystitis. Molecular detection by PCR is recognized as a sensitive and specific method for detecting human polyomaviruses in clinical samples. In this study, a real-time PCR assay using the LightCycler platform was evaluated and compared to an "in-house" PCR assay using a conventional detection method. A total of 122 urine specimens were tested, and human polyomavirus was detected in 49 specimens (40%) by both conventional PCR and LightCycler PCR. The remaining 73 specimens (60%) were found negative by both assays. For 46 of the 49 positive specimens, LightCycler PCR and conventional PCR identified the same polyomavirus type. These samples included 30 samples with JC virus (JCV), 14 samples with BK virus (BKV), and 2 samples in which both viruses were detected. In the remaining three samples, both JCV and BKV were detected by the conventional assay, but only JCV was detected by the LightCycler assay. The results of this study show that the LightCycler PCR assay displays sensitivity and specificity similar to those of a conventional PCR assay. These data, combined with its rapid turnaround time for results and decreased hands-on time, make the LightCycler PCR assay highly suitable for the rapid detection and differentiation of JCV and BKV in the clinical laboratory.
A novel multi-parameter scoring system for distinguishing sarcoidosis from sputum negative tuberculosis. (2012)

The four scoring systems established by this study can be utilized to differentiate sarcoidosis and sputum negative tuberculosis effectively. Based on the availability of clinical-radiographical/histopathological data, any of the four diagnostic scoring systems were reliable tools for differential diagnosis, with increased information leading to better discrimination.
New Research Directions in DNA Repair (2013)

This book is intended for students and scientists working in the field of DNA repair. Select topics are presented here to illustrate novel concepts in DNA repair, the cross-talks between DNA repair and other fundamental cellular processes, and clinical translational efforts based on paradigms established in DNA repair. The book should serve as a supplementary text in courses and seminars as well as a general reference for biologists with an interest in DNA repair.
Psychiatric Comorbidity in 36 Adults with Mitochondrial Cytopathies (2007)

Clinicians caring for persons with mitochondrial cytopathies should note the high prevalence of psychiatric problems. Also, this comorbidity might have etiological and therapeutic implications.
Ultralow-noise programmable voltage source (1997)

To avoid introducing additional noise sources while making low-frequency noise measurements, batteries are normally used instead of electronic power supplies. This paper presents an alternative solution by describing the design, construction, and testing of an ultralow-noise voltage source. Such a power supply can be computer controlled and has a typical noise level two orders of magnitude below that of similar commercial instruments. Some typical values of the spectral density of the voltage fluctuations at its output are: (10/sup -12/, 10/sup -15/, 10/sup -16/) V/sup 2//Hz at (0.01, 0.1, and 1) Hz, respectively. These noise performances are almost independent of the supplied current, with a degradation of less than 3 dB up to 400 mA. A special algorithm for digital-to-analog conversion, using passive devices with 1% tolerance, ensures a resolution of 2.5 mV and an accuracy better than /spl plusmn/1.5 mV over the entire output range from 0 to 8 V.
PASIC: A processor-A/D converter-sensor integrated circuit (2002)

The design of an integrated smart sensor called PASIC is described. The basic idea is to integrate a 2-D image-sensor array with a linear A/D (analog-to-digital) converter array and a linear processor array in a single chip. The current version of PASIC contains 128 parallel processors with a 128*128-b memory, 128 8-b A/D converters, and a 128*128 photo sensor array. Two 128*8 bidirectional shift registers are used for communication between processor elements and I/O (input/output). A memory-bus organized architecture is used, having been proven as an efficient VLSI architecture for a SIMD (single instruction, multiple data) bit-serial processor array.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
동북지역 농촌의 조선민족 살림집의 실태조사 연구 (2002)

The characteristics of the rural dwelling houses of the Korean communities were investigated and analyzed to understand their rural dwelling culture in east-northern China. This research was done by the field survey of rural village, Longshancun, Yanbian. The structures of their houses are changed into the brick houses from the earthen houses with wood frame. The floor plans are changed into Dual-bay-type of Divided-space from Single-bay-type of Hollistic-space, the largest ratio at present, and the numbers of space are increased. In the view of total outline, their dwelling houses are based to those of east-northern Korea and are sustained to the vernacular dwelling styles(ex : floor heating, ondol, and sit-down), and are adapted to the geography and climate of Yanbian and accepted to the culture of other communities(ex : indoor-kitchen, indoor-removing-shoes)
Progression of Osteosarcoma from a Non-Metastatic to a Metastatic Phenotype Is Causally Associated with Activation of an Autocrine and Paracrine uPA Axis (2015)

Pulmonary metastasis is the major untreatable complication of osteosarcoma (OS) resulting in 10-20% long-term survival. The factors and pathways regulating these processes remain unclear, yet their identification is crucial in order to find new therapeutic targets. In this study we used a multi-omics approach to identify molecules in metastatic and non-metastatic OS cells that may contribute to OS metastasis, followed by validation in vitro and in vivo. We found elevated levels of the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and of the uPA receptor (uPAR) exclusively in metastatic OS cells. uPA was secreted in soluble form and as part of the protein cargo of OS-secreted extracellular vesicles, including exosomes. In addition, in the tumour microenvironment, uPA was expressed and secreted by bone marrow cells (BMC), and OS- and BMC-derived uPA significantly and specifically stimulated migration of metastatic OS cells via uPA-dependent signaling pathways. Silencing of uPAR in metastatic OS cells abrogated the migratory response to uPA in vitro and decreased metastasis in vivo. Finally, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of uPA significantly (P = 0.0004) inhibited metastasis in an orthotopic mouse model of OS. Thus, we show for the first time that malignant conversion of OS cells to a metastatic phenotype is defined by activation of the uPA/uPAR axis in both an autocrine and paracrine fashion. Furthermore, metastasis is driven by changes in OS cells as well as in the microenvironment. Finally, our data show that pharmacological inhibition of the uPA/uPAR axis with a novel small-molecule inhibitor can prevent the emergence of metastatic foci.
Highly Scalable, Closed‐Loop Synthesis of Drug‐Loaded, Layer‐by‐Layer Nanoparticles (2016)

Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly is a versatile technique from which multicomponent and stimuli-responsive nanoscale drug carriers can be constructed. Despite the benefits of LbL assembly, the conventional synthetic approach for fabricating LbL nanoparticles requires numerous purification steps that limit scale, yield, efficiency, and potential for clinical translation. In this report, we describe a generalizable method for increasing throughput with LbL assembly by using highly scalable, closed-loop diafiltration to manage intermediate purification steps. This method facilitates highly controlled fabrication of diverse nanoscale LbL formulations smaller than 150 nm composed from solid-polymer, mesoporous silica, and liposomal vesicles. The technique allows for the deposition of a broad range of polyelectrolytes that included native polysaccharides, linear polypeptides, and synthetic polymers. We also explore the cytotoxicity, shelf life and long-term storage of LbL nanoparticles produced using this approach. We find that LbL coated systems can be reliably and rapidly produced: specifically, LbL-modified liposomes could be lyophilized, stored at room temperature, and reconstituted without compromising drug encapsulation or particle stability, thereby facilitating large scale applications. Overall, this report describes an accessible approach that significantly improves the throughput of nanoscale LbL drug-carriers that show low toxicity and are amenable to clinically relevant storage conditions.
Practical fusion algorithms for rotation matrices: A comparative study (1992)

Abstract Many computer vision, sensor fusion, and robotic applications require the estimation of a 3 × 3 rotation matrix from a set of measured or computed 3 × 3 noisy rotation matrices. This article classifies solution methods into three categories: nonlinear least squares, linear optimal, and linear suboptimal algorithms. Their performance is compared through simulation studies. It is shown that the linear suboptimal algorithms proposed in this article have an accuracy comparable to that of the optimal algorithms and are about five times faster. Furthermore, a particular nonlinear optimization algorithm is presented that has computational complexity similar to that of the linear optimal procedures. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.