gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ablation Resistance and Mechanical/ Conductive Properties of ZrB2 Reinforced Carbon Based Composites (2006)

Zirconium diboride reinforced carbon (ZrB 2 /C) particulate composites are prepared from petroleum coke, coal tar pitch, and ZrB 2 powder by hot-pressing. The ablation, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the composites are studied. Results show that the composites have excellent flexural strength and thermal conductivity, with highest values reaching 131 MPa and 161 W/mK for a 10% ZrB 2 addition in raw materials. The electrical resistivity reduces rapidly with increasing amount of ZrB 2 . The values of mass and linear ablation rates are lower in the composites than those measured for pure carbon, decreasing with increasing ZrB 2 content, confirming that these materials are promising for ultrahigh temperature materials. Correlations between properties and microstructure of the composites are also discussed.
Inter-System Cell Reselection Parameter Optimization in UMTS (2006)

With WCDMA networks being deployed in Europe and throughout the world, one of the big challenges is to make cell reselection and handover between GSM and WCDMA work smoothly. Inter-system cell reselection between WCDMA and GSM enables the user equipment in idle mode to choose a new cell of another system to camp on, thus providing service availability when WCDMA coverage fades out. In this paper, we study inter-system cell reselection parameter settings by processing field measurement data collected in different networks. Performance metrics (relating to service availability and WCDMA idle mode coverage) are computed with our simulation platform to evaluate different sets of parameters in WCDMA-network-boundary, coverage-hole, and entering-a-building scenarios. Based on the simulation results, we discuss optimization trade-offs and recommend a set of parameters for each scenario.
Generation and Characterization of a Panel of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Human Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 (FGFR4) (2005)

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is a member of the FGFR family of receptor tyrosine kinases, and plays important roles in a variety of biological functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, tissue repair, and tumorigenesis. The human FGFRs share a high degree of sequence homology between themselves, as well as with their murine homologs. Consequently, it has been suggested that it may be difficult to prepare monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that are specific for the individual receptor types. In this communication, we report on the development and characterization of a panel of anti-human FGFR4 MAbs that were generated in mice using a rapid immunization protocol. Using a modified rapid immunization at multiple sites (RIMMS) protocol with the soluble extracellular domain of human FGFR4 (FGFR4-ECD), the immunized mice developed high levels of polyclonal IgG to the immunogen within 13 days of the first immunization. The lymph node cells isolated from the immunized animals were then fused with mouse myeloma cells for hybridoma generation. Use of an efficient hybridoma cloning protocol in combination with an ELISA screening procedure allowed for early identification of stable hybridomas secreting antihuman FGFR4 IgG. Several identified MAbs specifically reacted with the FGFR4 protein without binding to the other human isoforms (FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3). As evaluated by BIAcore analysis, most anti-FGFR4 MAbs displayed high affinities (8.6 x 10(8) approximately 3.9 x 10(10) M) to FGFR4. Furthermore, these MAbs were able to bind to FGFR4 expressed on human breast tumor cell lines MDA-MB-361 and MDA-MB-453. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the RIMMS strategy is an effective approach for generating class-switched, high-affinity MAbs in mice to evolutionarily conserved proteins such as human FGFR4. These MAbs may be useful tools for further investigation of the biological functions and pathological roles of human FGFR4.
Influence of the radiopacifier in an acrylic bone cement on its mechanical, thermal, and physical properties: Barium sulfate‐containing cement versus iodine‐containing cement (2004)

In all acrylic bone cement formulations in clinical use today, radiopacity is provided by micron-sized particles (typical mean diameter of between about 1 and 2 microm) of either BaSO(4) or ZrO(2). However, a number of research reports have highlighted the fact that these particles have deleterious effects on various properties of the cured cement. Thus, there is interest in alternative radiopacifiers. The present study focuses on one such alternative. Specifically, a cement that contains covalently bound iodine in the powder (herein designated the I-cement) was compared with a commercially available cement of comparable composition (C-ment3), in which radiopacity is provided by BaSO(4) particles (this cement is herein designated the B-cement), on the basis of the strength (sigma(b)), modulus (E(b)), and work-to-fracture (U(b)), under four-point bending, plane-strain fracture toughness (K(IC)), Weibull mean fatigue life, N(WM) (fatigue conditions: +/-15 MPa; 2 Hz), activation energy (Q), and frequency factor (ln Z) for the cement polymerization process (both determined by using differential scanning calorimetry at heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 K min(-1)), and the diffusion coefficient for the absorption of phosphate-buffered saline at 37 degrees C (D). For the B-cement, the values of sigma(b), E(b), U(b), K(IC), N(WM), Q, ln Z, and D were 53 +/- 3 MPa, 3000 +/- 120 MPa, 108 +/- 15 kJ m(-3), 1.67 +/- 0.02 MPa check mark m, 7197 cycles, 243 +/- 17 kJ mol(-1), 87 +/- 6, and (3.15 +/- 0.94) x 10(-12) m(2) s(-1), respectively. For the I-cement, the corresponding values were 58 +/- 5 MPa, 2790 +/- 140 MPa, 118 +/- 45 kJ m(-3), 1.73 +/- 0.11 MPa check mark m, 5520 cycles, 267 +/- 19 kJ mol(-1), 95 +/- 9, and (3.83 +/- 0.25) x 10(-12) m(2) s(-1). For each of the properties of the fully cured cement, except for the rate constant of the polymerization reaction, at 37 degrees C (k'), as estimated from the Q and ln Z results, there is no statistically significant difference between the two cements. k' for the I-cement was about a third that for the B-cement, suggesting that the former cement has a higher thermal stability. The influence of various characteristics of the starting powder (mean particle size, particle size distribution, and morphology) on the properties of the cured cements appears to be complex. When all the present results are considered, there is a clear indication that the I-cement is a viable candidate cement for use in cemented arthroplasties in place of the B-cement.
Phase Equilibria in Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> System and Phase Separation and Crystallization Behavior of Glass (1991)

Subsolidus phase equilibria in Al2O3-Y2O3-SiO2 system and the phase separation and crystallization behavior of glass in this system were studied by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Phase relations, liquidus and solidus temperatures in this system were obtained. Phase equilibrium was not confirmed in a lower temperature than solidus temperature near 1340°C. The glass transition temperature (Tg) the starting temperature of crystallization (Tc), the 1st and 2nd peak temperatures of crystallization (To and To' respectively) were studied as a function of composition. The activation energy of crystallization ΔE was determined by analyzing the heating rate dependence of To and found to be in a range of 472-890kJ/mol, depending on the composition. ΔE had a tendency to increase with decrease in liquidus temperature, suggesting that the glass becomes stable in compositions with lower liquidus temperatures. During heat treatment of glass at 1300°C, the phase separation was found to occur as an early stage of crystallization.
Phenobarbital-inducible Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in the Rat (1989)

In the rat, a cytosolic isozyme of aldehyde dehydrogenase, designated ALDH-PB, can be induced in the liver by administration of phenobarbital (PB). ALDH-PB activity and mRNA are induced in Long-Evans rats that possess a responsive (R) allele but are not induced in homozygous nonresponsive rats (rr), although the rr genotype is competent to induce other PB-responsive mRNAs. ALDH-PB mRNA is expressed in the basal state (without PB administration) in hepatic tissue in both RR and rr genotypes. We report the complete nucleotide sequence of the rat ALDH-PB mRNA. The protein encoded by the ALDH-PB mRNA is 501 amino acids in length and has a predicted molecular mass of 54,540 daltons. The amino acid sequence predicted from the mRNA demonstrates a strong conservation between the rat ALDH-PB and the human cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase hALDH-1. We demonstrate the ALDH-PB, cytochrome P-450b, cytochrome P-450e, and glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit mRNA levels in the liver are altered noncoordinately by administration of PB in RR and rr genotypes. The strikingly different responses to PB administration between the various mRNA species in each of the genotypes suggest that the regulation of specific gene expression by PB may involve multiple pathways.
Long-Term Marrow Culture Reveals Chromosomally Normal Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells in Patients with Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (1983)

We found that when marrow cells from four patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia were maintained in culture for two to four weeks, a previously undetectable population of chromosomally normal hematopoietic cells (including erythroid, granulopoietic, and pluripotent progenitors) became readily demonstrable in three cases. Time-course studies showed that in such cultures the dominant Philadelphia chromosome-positive population rapidly disappeared, in contrast to coexisting chromosomally normal progenitors, which remained detectable for periods of two to three months. Long-term marrow cultures thus offer a new approach to the assessment of a suppressed but functionally intact population of chromosomally normal hematopoietic stem cells in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Large-Area, Full-Color Image Sensors Made with Semiconducting Polymers (1998)

The photoresponse of semiconducting polymers can be enhanced significantly by photoinduced charge transfer (CT). The discovery of photoinduced CT in composites of conducting polymers and C60 and its derivatives provided a molecular approach to high-efficiency solar cells and high-sensitivity photodetectors. Here the authors demonstrate the first large-area image sensor made with such photosensitve composites. These image sensors have high photosensitivity, low dark current, large dynamic range, and can be fabricated by simple coating processes on flexible or curved substrates at low temperature.
Formation of a cyclopropane ester on a polymer support: effect of the macromolecular backbone on the stereoselectivity of cyclization (1984)

The stereoselectivity of cyclopropane ester formation was studied using reagents supported on linear or crosslinked polymers, and was compared with that obtained from low-molecular-weight compounds. The most important effects were noted with the crosslinked resin (2% DVB), in binary solvents or by lowering the temperature. The solvent effect was attributed to a specific solvation of the resin by one component of the mixture. The temperature influence would be the result of a restricted mobility of the macromolecular chain.
In Vitro Stimulation of Stage-Specific Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Rat Seminiferous Tubule Segments by Inter leukin- l<i>α</i>* (1991)

Levels of rat testicular interleukin-1-like factor (tIL-1) have been shown to correlate with DNA synthetic activity during the cycle of the rat seminiferous epithelium, suggesting its role as a spermatogonial or meiotic growth factor. To explore this further, a new in vitro model system was developed. Rat seminiferous tubule segments from stages I, V, VIIa, and VIII-IX of the cycle were isolated by transillumination-assisted microdissection, cultured in chemically defined serum-free medium supplemented with human recombinant IL-1 alpha, and labeled with [3H]thymidine. During incubation, spontaneous progression of spermatogenesis was noted. Inactive stage VIIa tubule segments differentiated to stage VIII and initiated DNA synthesis, and concomitantly started to secrete IL-1-like factor. DNA synthesis of stages VIII-IX ceased through differentiation of spermatocytes to leptotene-zygotene (stages XII-XIII of the cycle). IL-1 alpha stimulated DNA synthesis significantly in spermatogonia of stage I. Meiotic DNA synthesis at stage VIIa was stimulated (48 h/34 C) and maintained at stages VIII-IX (48 h/34 C). IL-1 alpha seems to act as a regulator of spermatogenic DNA synthesis in both mitotic and meiotic phases. It has mainly stimulating and maintaining effects, but it may also be inhibitory under certain conditions.
Periodically Functionalized and Grafted Copolymers via 1:2-Sequence-Regulated Radical Copolymerization of Naturally Occurring Functional Limonene and Maleimide Derivatives (2013)

Naturally occurring hydroxy-functionalized limonene analogues, i.e., monoterpene alcohols such as perillyl alcohol and carveol, were radically copolymerized with cyclohexylmaleimide (CyMI) in PhC(CF3)2OH via 1:2-sequence-regulated propagation to obtain periodically functionalized bio-based copolymers possessing one hydroxyl group in every three-monomer unit. Alternatively, a combination of hydroxy-functionalized maleimide (N-2-hydroxyethylmaleimide: HEMI) and limonene resulted in another periodically functionalized copolymer possessing two hydroxyl groups for every three-monomer unit. These copolymerizations were fitted well by the penultimate model, where the hydroxyl functions did not have a significant effect on the selective propagation, as has been reported for a combination of nonfunctionalized limonene and CyMI. The periodic hydroxyl groups can be quantitatively converted into carbamate moieties by a polymer reaction with isocyanate to result in another series of 1:2 and 2:1 periodically functionalized copolymers. Periodically grafted copolymers possessing one or two graft chains repeating in three-monomer units were prepared by radical copolymerization of chlorine-functionalized limonene or maleimide derivatives, which were synthesized from hydroxy-functionalized monomers, followed by ruthenium-catalyzed living radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated from periodically introduced C–Cl bonds in the backbone copolymers.
Approximate On-chip Memory Optimization Method For Deep Residual Networks (2018)

Approximate memory is a significant improvement in a variety of application domains, especially which are both computationally intensive and memory intensive just as image classification. In this paper, we proposed an approximate on-chip memory optimization method with bit-width scaling and random bit flipping suited the deep residual neural network, which can be used to take the image classification. We evaluate the power and area benefits of our method. It demonstrated about 66.51% improvement in memory power and 56.93% improvement in memory areas with 0.91% quality loss for ResNet-50 across ImageNet. We also use this method for ResNet-101 and ResNet152, and achieve similar results.
Ant Algorithms for Discrete Optimization (1999)

This article presents an overview of recent work on ant algorithms, that is, algorithms for discrete optimization that took inspiration from the observation of ant colonies' foraging behavior, and introduces the ant colony optimization (ACO) metaheuristic. In the first part of the article the basic biological findings on real ants are reviewed and their artificial counterparts as well as the ACO metaheuristic are defined. In the second part of the article a number of applications of ACO algorithms to combinatorial optimization and routing in communications networks are described. We conclude with a discussion of related work and of some of the most important aspects of the ACO metaheuristic.
Dynamic Inversion-Based Nonlinear Aiming Point Guidance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Reactive Obstacle Avoidance (2013)

A dynamic inversion-based three-dimensional nonlinear aiming point guidance law is presented in this paper for reactive collision avoidance of unmanned aerial vehicles. When an obstacle is detected in the close vicinity and collision is predicted, an artificial safety sphere is put around the center of the obstacle. Next, the velocity vector of the vehicle is realigned towards an 'aiming point' on the surface of the sphere in such a way that passing through it can guarantee safe avoidance of the obstacle. The guidance command generation is based on angular correction between the actual and the desired direction of the velocity vector. Note that the velocity vector gets aligned along the selected aiming point quickly (i.e., within a fraction of the available time-to-go), which makes it possible to avoid pop-up obstacles. The guidance algorithm has been verified with simulations carried out both for single obstacles as well as for multiple obstacles on the path and also with different safety sphere sizes around the obstacles. The proposed algorithm has been validated using both kinematic as well as point mass model of a prototype unmanned aerial vehicle. For better confidence, results have also been validated by incorporating a first-order autopilot models for the velocity vector magnitude and directions.
Some Mechanical Properties of Poly[(acrylic acid)‐<i>co</i>‐(itaconic acid)] Hydrogels (2003)

Abstract Two series of hydrogels of poly[(acrylic acid)‐ co ‐(itaconic acid)] have been prepared by copolymerization in solution using tetrafunctional N , N′ ‐methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) as cross‐linker. The resulting polymer was swollen in water at 298 K to yield homogenous transparent hydrogels. These hydrogels were characterized in terms of swelling and compression‐strain measurements. The influence of the comonomer composition and concentration of cross‐linking agent on volumetric swelling and the mechanical properties of these hydrogels were investigated. Inefficient cross‐linking is indicated by the small values of ν e relative to the theoretical cross‐linking densities. Dependence of measured affective cross‐linking density ( ν e ) on the theoretical cross‐linking density ( ν t ) for acrylic acid/itaconic acid hydrogels prepared at a fixed composition of AA80/AI20 wt.‐%, but at different concentrations of NMBA. magnified image Dependence of measured affective cross‐linking density ( ν e ) on the theoretical cross‐linking density ( ν t ) for acrylic acid/itaconic acid hydrogels prepared at a fixed composition of AA80/AI20 wt.‐%, but at different concentrations of NMBA.
Collective Traits in Pathogenic Bacteria (2014)

This chapter focuses on how selection at the microbial level may lead to changes at the infection level and examines some predictions one can draw from evolutionary theory. The major motivation for this review stems from the fact that natural selection among microbes can potentially have two opposite outcomes on pathogenesis. Pathogenic bacteria use a chemical communication system, called quorum sensing, to regulate within- host density. The chapter reviews the effects of within-host selection; as predicted by theoretical models and as empirically observed. There are three reasons why an allele favored within a host may nevertheless not go to complete fixation in the population at large. The first reason is that a locally favored variant may have partially, or completely, lost the ability to disperse from its host. This may be a direct result of selection on dispersal: evolutionary ecology shows that dispersal tends to be locally counter selected. Second, a locally favored variant, V, may have lost (completely or partially) the ability to survive and/or replicate in environments other than in the focal host itself. The third mechanism is that a pathogen variant, V, may increase in frequency within a focal host but not fix globally because the traits favored by within host selective pressures are not those that maximize the total infective output.
Obesity Is Associated with Functional Decline in Community‐Dwelling Rural Older Persons (2002)

Obesity was a risk factor for functional decline in older persons of either gender. Change in body weight did not benefit function for many older persons.
Decentralized Robust Control Approach for Coordinated Maneuvering of Vehicles in Platoons (2009)

In this paper, a decentralized sliding-mode control approach is applied to the control tasks of vehicles in platoons. Using the well-known bicycle model, a robust nonlinear observer is introduced to facilitate the controller design, which needs full-state measurements. The vehicles in platoons can be treated as an interconnected system with a special form. Observer gain and controller gain are properly designed. In addition, appropriate linear matrix inequality (LMI) stability conditions by the Lyapunov method are derived to ensure the stability of the system. The main advantages can be summarized as follows: (1) The linear approximation of the nonlinear vehicle model enables various advanced robust control possibilities. (2) The proposed robust control approach with the nonlinear observer ensures the convergence of the whole interconnected system, given that the system is operated within the stable region of linearization. (3) Stability conditions in the form of LMIs for both observer and controller are rigorously derived. Finally, simulation results for three identical vehicles based on the relative bicycle model are demonstrated to show the performance of the approach.
Actinic Lichen Nitidus with Dermoscopic Features, and Response to Hydroxychloroquine (2018)

Lichen nitidus (LN) is an entity of unknown etiology, with typical morphology and histology. Actinic lichen nitidus (ALN) is rare. It presents as typical lesions of LN in photodistribution, with classical histology. Dermoscopic findings in LN has been documented in very few cases in literature. We present a case of ALN with koebnerization, characteristic histology and dermoscopic features. Dermoscopy revealed round, bluish white streaks in “fern leaf ” pattern in the background of brownish reticular network. Our patient responded well to hydroxychloroquine and photoprotection.