gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Genome Sequence of<i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i>ATCC 33323 Reveals the Molecular Basis of an Autochthonous Intestinal Organism (2008)

This study presents the complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323, a neotype strain of human origin and a native species found commonly in the gastrointestinal tracts of neonates and adults. The plasmid-free genome was 1,894,360 bp in size and predicted to encode 1,810 genes. The GC content was 35.3%, similar to the GC content of its closest relatives, L. johnsonii NCC 533 (34%) and L. acidophilus NCFM (34%). Two identical copies of the prophage LgaI (40,086 bp), of the Sfi11-like Siphoviridae phage family, were integrated tandomly in the chromosome. A number of unique features were identified in the genome of L. gasseri that were likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer and may contribute to the survival of this bacterium in its ecological niche. L. gasseri encodes two restriction and modification systems, which may limit bacteriophage infection. L. gasseri also encodes an operon for production of heteropolysaccharides of high complexity. A unique alternative sigma factor was present similar to that of B. caccae ATCC 43185, a bacterial species isolated from human feces. In addition, L. gasseri encoded the highest number of putative mucus-binding proteins (14) among lactobacilli sequenced to date. Selected phenotypic characteristics that were compared between ATCC 33323 and other human L. gasseri strains included carbohydrate fermentation patterns, growth and survival in bile, oxalate degradation, and adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells, in vitro. The results from this study indicated high intraspecies variability from a genome encoding traits important for survival and retention in the gastrointestinal tract.
Mucoadhesive chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles of acetazolamide for ocular hypertension (2016)

Abstract Chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles of acetazolamide were formulated by using the ionic gelation technique, and evaluated for different attributes like particle size, ζ potential, drug entrapment, particle morphology, in vitro drug release, and in vivo efficacy. Particle size was observed to be changed with the increment of the drug/polymer ratio. Sustained in vitro drug release was exhibited by the particulate formulation that followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. Drug release from nanoparticles was found to occur, as shown by the results, through a combination of dissolution and diffusion. The optimized formulation had a particle size of 172.3 nm and ζ potential of 36.46 mV. The particles had a spherical shape and polydispersity index of 0.257. Decrease in crystallinity of the drug was indicated by powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry studies, in the optimized nanoparticle formulation. Approximately 2.5 times higher transcorneal permeation of drug was observed across the excised goat cornea, in comparison to the aqueous solution of drug, without any corneal damage, during ex vivo transcorneal studies. In vitro mucoadhesion studies showed 91.59% mucoadhesion. The in vivo studies involving ocular hypotensive activity in rabbits revealed significantly higher hypotensive activity with a p-value of <0.05, in contrast to a plain drug solution, with no signs of ocular irritation. The stability studies showed that the formulation was rather stable.
Polycystin-1 C-terminal tail associates with β-catenin and inhibits canonical Wnt signaling (2008)

Polycystin-1 (PC1), the product of the PKD1 gene mutated in the majority of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) cases, undergoes a cleavage resulting in the intracellular release of its C-terminal tail (CTT). Here, we demonstrate that the PC1 CTT co-localizes with and binds to beta-catenin in the nucleus. This interaction requires a nuclear localization motif present in the PC1 CTT as well as the N-terminal portion of beta-catenin. The PC1 CTT inhibits the ability of both beta-catenin and Wnt ligands to activate T-cell factor (TCF)-dependent gene transcription, a major effector of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. The PC1 CTT may produce this effect by reducing the apparent affinity of the interaction between beta-catenin and the TCF protein. DNA microarray analysis reveals that the canonical Wnt signaling pathway is activated in ADPKD patient cysts. Our results suggest a novel mechanism through which PC1 cleavage may impact upon Wnt-dependent signaling and thereby modulate both developmental processes and cystogenesis.
Manganese macrocyclic ligand complexes as mimics of superoxide dismutase (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTManganese macrocyclic ligand complexes as mimics of superoxide dismutaseDennis P. Riley and Randy H. WeissCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1, 387–388Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00080a051RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views683Altmetric-Citations136LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (257 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of the terminal sequencing and spacing system for performance-based navigation arrivals (2013)

• TSS evaluated in HITL simulations using currently active controllers • TSS enables PBN in a mixed equipage environment, and under saturated traffic demand levels • TSS enables Best-Equipped, Best-Served: RNP vs RNAV equipage • TSS tech transfer to FAA Fall 2013
Hamiltonian foundation of geometrical anisotropic optics (1994)

From the minimal-action principle follow the Hamilton equations of evolution for geometrical-optics rays in anisotropic media. In such media the direction of the ray and the canonical momentum are not generally parallel but differ by an anisotropy vector. The refractive index of this version of geometrical optics may have, in principle, any dependence on ray direction. The tangential component of momentum is conserved at surfaces of index discontinuity. It is shown that the factorization theorem of refraction holds for interfaces between two anisotropic media. We find the Lie–Seidel coefficients for axisymmetric interfaces between homogeneous aligned uniaxial anisotropic media to third aberration order. PACS numbers: 03.50.De, 42.15.Gs.
Abstract 5525: Leptin Receptor Signaling Pathways are protective Against Atherosclerosis in a Mouse Model of Obesity and Hyperlipidemia (2008)

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that has been shown to exert both beneficial metabolic effects and potentially adverse vascular effects in preclinical studies. To determine the effects of leptin receptor signaling pathways on atherosclerosis in the setting of obesity and hyperlipidemia, mice were generated with deficiency of apolipoprotein E ( ApoE −/− ) and either wild-type leptin receptor expression ( Lepr +/+ ,ApoE −/− ), mutant leptin receptor expression defective in all leptin receptor signaling pathways ( Lepr db/db ,ApoE −/− ), or mutant leptin receptor with selective deficiency of leptin receptor-STAT3 signaling ( Lepr s/s ,ApoE −/− ). At 27 weeks of age, which included 7 weeks on western chow, Lepr db/db ,ApoE −/− developed increased weight (61.9 ±3.5 vs 28±2.5, p<0.001), increased leptin (127.8±34 vs 24±12.5, p<0.003), increased NEFAC (2.4±0.75 vs 0.65±0.11, p<0.05) and more atherosclerosis (13.9±1.7 vs 4.3±0.9, p=0.001) than Lepr +/+ ,ApoE −/− mice. In contrast, despite similar obesity and hyperlipidemia to Lepr db/db ,ApoE −/− mice, the atherosclerosis in Lepr s/s ,ApoE −/− was less than Lepr db/db ,ApoE −/− mice (7.3±1 vs 13.9±1.7, p=0.003) and not significantly greater than Lepr +/+ ,ApoE −/− mice (7.3±1 vs 4.3±0.9, p=0.06 ). Hepatic steatosis and adipose inflammation were also reduced in Lepr s/s ,ApoE −/− mice compared to Lepr db/db ,ApoE −/− mice. In a mouse model of obesity and hyperlipidemia, leptin receptor signaling confers protection against hepatic steatosis, fat inflammation, and atherosclerosis. These effects are independent of leptin effects on energy balance. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Midwest Affiliate (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota & Wisconsin).
A comparative study of the cytotoxicity and DNA-damaging effects of cis-(diammino)(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)-platinum(II) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) on L1210 cells. (1985)

Utilizing the DNA alkaline elution technique we have compared qualitatively and quantitatively the DNA lesions produced in L1210 cells after a 2 h exposure to the antitumor agents, cis-(diammino) (1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)-platinum(II) (CBDCA) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (DDP). DNA-protein and DNA interstrand cross-links are formed in cells exposed to either CBDCA or DDP. However, in comparison to DDP peak levels of these lesions occur 6 to 12 h later in CBDCA treated cells. Cytotoxicity studies reveal that CBDCA is 45 times less potent than DDP to L1210 cells when compared on a molar basis. The decreased cytotoxicity of CBDCA and the 12 h delay in peak cross-linking when compared to DDP is interpreted as a decreased reactivity of the intact CBDCA towards the DNA. This decreased reactivity may be due in part to the presence of a stable bidentate dicarboxylate chelate ring structure of CBDCA resulting in a much slower rate of hydrolysis to the active form of the drug.
Advances in Nanoalumina Ceramic Particle Fabrication Using Sonofragmentation (2008)

The present study is focused on fabrication of high-purity submicrometer alumina ceramic particles (predominantly in sub-100 nm range) from micrometer-sized feed (e.g., 70-80 mum) using sonofragmentation. The effects of various parameters such as ultrasonic frequency, feed concentration, sonication time, surfactant, and applied ultrasonic power on sonofragmentation were investigated. Sub-100 nm particle production by sonofragmentation was validated via three metrics, i.e., laser particle size analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and turbidimetry. There is a significant change in color and shape of alumina ceramic particles as a result of sonofragmentation. Higher size reduction ratios are obtained at lower frequencies and at higher input power. Submicrometer particle generation increases as concentration of the feed particles increases, indicating that attrition by interparticle collision is a significant mechanism. The shape of the particles changes from angular to spherical as sonofragmentation time increases. Probe-type sonication produces fragmentation effects that are less uniform than those induced by tank-type ultrasonics. Surfactant plays a significant role in preventing agglomeration, especially as finer fragments are produced with prolonged sonication.
Wide area protection and emergency control (2004)

Summary form only given. We shall describe basic principles and philosophy for wide area protection schemes, also known as remedial action schemes (RAS) or system protection schemes (SPS). The main targets for this presentation are to: identify the need for wide area protection, and the conditions for implementation; describe the power system phenomena to counteract, and the related application areas for wide area protection; illustrate different design principles for different applications, and how they are related to present technology; illustrate the benefit of wide area protection with respect to recent disturbances; identify similarities and differences between classic equipment protection and system protection - concerning philosophy as well as concerning product and system design. Try to answer the question: how to design a wide area protection system.
Cloud Based Medical Image Exchange-Security Challenges (2012)

Cloud-based medical image sharing platforms are increasingly becoming more prevalent in medicine. Ultimately online medical image transfer systems allow physicians to build better and deeper referral networks, which in turn mean increased volumes and a more open platform for collaboration. Cloud computing has gathered specific attention from information technology vendors in providing massive storage applications and highly managed remote services. Cloud platform can form an exchange platform that all healthcare organizations use and can serve as storage center of medical records. Reliability and security are the main concerns about cloud computing. Adopting cloud computing can result in both positive and negative effects on data security. This paper presents a study about the security issues involved in data storage and sharing through cloud. It highlights the different types of security problems and how their existence can affect the cloud users.
<i>B<sub>1</sub></i> and <i>B<sub>0</sub></i> inhomogeneity mitigation in the human brain at 7 T with selective pulses by using average Hamiltonian theory (2010)

A novel method based on average Hamiltonian theory to design selective pulses is reported. With this tool, it is first shown how to shape the radiofrequency and gradient pulses to generate a desired rotation matrix, which is independent of the position through the slice of interest. After theoretical examination of the concept, it is applied to the strongly modulating pulses' recipe developed by the same authors and initially designed to be nonselective, to mitigate the amplitude of (excitation) radiofrequency field and amplitude of static (polarizing) field inhomogeneity problems at high field. Two in vivo human brain imaging experiments at 7 T are reported to prove the validity of the technique.
Five beam holographic lithography for simultaneous fabrication of three dimensional photonic crystal templates and line defects using phase tunable diffractive optical element (2009)

This paper demonstrates an approach for laser holographic patterning of three-dimensional photonic lattice structures using a single diffractive optical element. The diffractive optical element is fabricated by recording gratings in a photosensitive polymer using a two-beam interference method and has four diffraction gratings oriented with four-fold symmetry around a central opening. Four first-order diffracted beams from the gratings and one non-diffracted central beam overlap and form a three-dimensional interference pattern. The phase of one side beam is delayed by inserting a thin piece of microscope glass slide into the beam. By rotating the glass slide, thus tuning the phase of the side beam, the five beam interference pattern changes from face-center tetragonal symmetry into diamond-like lattice symmetry with an optimal bandgap. Three-dimensional photonic crystal templates are produced in a photoresist and show the phase tuning effect for bandgap optimization. Furthermore, by integrating an amplitude mask in the central opening, line defects are produced within the photonic crystal template. This paper presents the first experimental demonstration on the holographic fabrication approach of three-dimensional photonic crystal templates with functional defects by a single laser exposure using a single optical element.
Terminal reconfigureability - the software download aspect (2000)

The reconfigureability of software radios provides the means to alter hardware and software settings within a mobile terminal and therefore requires the secure and reliable download of configuration software from any possible software source. This paper presents a viable software download protocol and describes the requirements on the supporting infrastructure. A detailed signalling message sequence necessary to perform these download sessions is presented and the list of required messages is also provided. Finally, the paper presents the description of a platform independent model implementation for the proposed download procedure.
Central distribution of cervical primary afferents in the rat, with emphasis on proprioceptive projections to vestibular, perihypoglossal, and upper thoracic spinal nuclei (1989)

The projections of primary afferents from rostral cervical segments to the brainstem and the spinal cord of the rat were investigated by using anterograde and transganglionic transport techniques. Projections from whole spinal ganglia were compared with those from single nerves carrying only exteroceptive or proprioceptive fibers. Injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (WGA-HRP) were performed into dorsal root ganglia C2, C3, and C4. Free HRP was applied to the cut dorsal rami C2 and C3, greater occipital nerve, sternomastoid nerve, and to the C1/2 anastomosis, which contains afferents from suboccipital muscles and the atlanto-occipital joint. WGA-HRP injections into ganglia C7 and L5 were performed for comparative purposes. Injections of WGA-HRP or free HRP into rostral cervical dorsal root ganglia and HRP application to C2 and C3 dorsal rami produced labeling in dorsal and ventral horns at the level of entrance, the central cervical nucleus, and in external and main cuneate nuclei. From axons ascending to pontine and descending to upper thoracic spinal levels, medial collaterals were distributed to medial and descending vestibular, perihypoglossal and solitary nuclei, and the intermediate zone and Clarke's nucleus dorsalis in the spinal cord. Lateral collaterals projected mainly to the trigeminal subnucleus interpolaris and to lateral spinal laminae IV and V. Results from HRP application to single peripheral nerves indicated that medial collaterals were almost exclusively proprioceptive, whereas lateral collaterals were largely exteroceptive with a contribution from suboccipital proprioceptive fibers. WGA-HRP injections into dorsal root ganglia C7 and L5 failed to produce significant labeling within vestibular and periphypoglossal nuclei, although they demonstrated classical projection sites within the brainstem and spinal cord. The consistent collateralisation pattern of rostral cervical afferents along their whole rostrocaudal course enables them to contact a variety of precerebellar, vestibulospinal, and preoculomotor neurons. These connections reflect the well-known significance of proprioceptive neck afferents for the control of posture, head position, and eye movements.
Validation and development of fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis proteomics technology (2001)

Fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE*) is a new development in protein detection for two-dimensional gels. Using mouse liver homogenates (control and paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP)-treated), we have determined the quantitative variation in the 2-D DIGE process and established statistically valid thresholds for assigning quantitative changes between samples. Thresholds were dependent on normalised spot volume, ranged from approximately 1.2 fold for large volume spots to 3.5 fold for small volume spots and were not markedly affected by the particular cyanine dye combination or by multiple operators carrying out the dye labelling reaction. To minimise the thresholds, substantial user editing was required when using ImageMaster 2D-Elite software. The difference thresholds were applied to the test system and quantitative protein differences were determined using replicate gels of pool samples and single gels from multiple individual animals (control vs treated in each gel). Throughout, the differences revealed with a particular cyanine dye combination were mirrored almost without exception when the dye combination was reversed. Both pool and individual sample analyses provided unique data to the study. The inter-animal response variability in inbred mice was approximately nine times that contributed by the 2-D DIGE process. A number of the most frequently observed protein changes resulting from APAP-treatment were identified by mass spectrometry. Several of these can be rationalised based on available data on the mechanism of APAP hepatotoxicity but others cannot, indicating that proteomics can provide further insights into the biochemical basis of APAP toxicity.
Distance Measurement Using a Pulse Train Emitted from a Laser Diode (1987)

A distance meter has been developed using a pulse train emitted from a laser diode. The frequency spectrum of the pulse train consists of the fundamental frequency and its harmonics of the modulation current supplied to the laser diode. The interference effect between the detected signal and the field leakage, induced by the modulation current, was removed through the heterodyne detection of the second harmonic, and the systematic error caused from this interference effect was decreased in phase measurements. The precision of the distance measurement was improved, especially when the detected light signal was very weak.
A dryer for rapid response on-line expired gas measurements (1979)

A dryer is described for use in on-line breath-by-breath gas analysis systems. The dryer continuously removes water vapor by condensation and controls the sample gas at 2 degrees C dew-point temperature or 5 Torr water vapor partial pressure. It is designed to operate at gas sampling flow rates from 0.5 to 1 1.min-1. The step-response time for the described system including a Beckman LB-2 CO2 analyzer, sampling tubing, and dryer is 120 ms at 1 l.min-1. The time required for gas samples to transport through the dryer is 105 ms at a gas sampling-flow rate of 1 l.min=1.
Fibrinogen and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Grafts Promote Healing of Experimental Aneurysms Treated by Embolization (1999)

VMSC grafts can improve healing of experimental aneurysms treated by embolization. Transplantation of cells transduced to express a foreign gene opens the way for in situ gene therapy for cerebral aneurysms.
"How Long Does It Take to Stop?" Methodological Analysis of Driver Perception-Brake Times (2000)

Human perception-brake reaction time (RT) studies have reported a wide variety of results. By analyzing a large number of data sets, however, it is possible to estimate times under specific conditions. The most important variable is driver expectation, which affects RTs by a factor of 2. When fully aware of the time and location of the brake signal, drivers can detect a signal and move the foot from accelerator to brake pedal in about 0.70 to 0.75 sec. Response to unexpected, but common signals, such as a lead car's brake lights, is about 1.25 sec, whereas RTs for surprise events, such as an object suddenly moving into the driver's path, is roughly 1.5 sec. These times are modulated somewhat by other factors, including driver age and gender, cognitive load, and urgency.