gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and growth of multi-functional InAsP metamorphic buffers for mid-infrared quantum well lasers on InP (2019)

We present InAsP multi-functional metamorphic buffers (MFMBs) designed to enable mid-infrared Type-I InAs quantum well (QW) lasers on InP substrates. InAsxP1-x/InP MFMBs with x = 0.5–0.7 provide a versatile platform for Type-I InAs QW laser diodes in the mid-infrared regime by bridging the lattice mismatch between InAs and InP while simultaneously functioning as the bottom cladding layer for laser structures. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy shows that InAs multi-QWs can be grown as thick as 15 nm without forming misfit dislocations on an InAs0.7P0.3 buffer, enabling room-temperature photoluminescence at wavelengths &gt;3 μm. We then compare the performance of lasers grown on InAsP MFMBs and show that the temperature dependence strongly depends on the energy band offset between the QW and the metamorphic InAsP waveguides. Future work could improve performance at longer wavelengths by investigating the use of electron blocking layers and adjusting the device design to minimize parasitic heating.
Passive sensing for adaptable radar bandwidth (2015)

A spectrum sharing technique is introduced that passively monitors the RF spectrum for sub-bands of high signal to interference plus noise ratios (SINR) within a constrained bandwidth of interest. The goal of the proposed technique is to allow the radar to maintain high levels of SINR within selected frequency sub-bands in a highly congested RF environment. A sub-band is selected for radar that maximizes SINR and minimizes the range resolution cell size, two conflicting objectives. In this paper, a spectrum sensing experiment is conducted to collect multiple frequency spectra that are processed by the proposed technique. It will be shown that the proposed technique identifies frequency sub-bands of high SINR while maintaining range resolution requirements.
Bayesian Parameter Estimation and Segmentation in the Multi-Atlas Random Orbit Model (2013)

This paper examines the multiple atlas random diffeomorphic orbit model in Computational Anatomy (CA) for parameter estimation and segmentation of subcortical and ventricular neuroanatomy in magnetic resonance imagery. We assume that there exist multiple magnetic resonance image (MRI) atlases, each atlas containing a collection of locally-defined charts in the brain generated via manual delineation of the structures of interest. We focus on maximum a posteriori estimation of high dimensional segmentations of MR within the class of generative models representing the observed MRI as a conditionally Gaussian random field, conditioned on the atlas charts and the diffeomorphic change of coordinates of each chart that generates it. The charts and their diffeomorphic correspondences are unknown and viewed as latent or hidden variables. We demonstrate that the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm arises naturally, yielding the likelihood-fusion equation which the a posteriori estimator of the segmentation labels maximizes. The likelihoods being fused are modeled as conditionally Gaussian random fields with mean fields a function of each atlas chart under its diffeomorphic change of coordinates onto the target. The conditional-mean in the EM algorithm specifies the convex weights with which the chart-specific likelihoods are fused. The multiple atlases with the associated convex weights imply that the posterior distribution is a multi-modal representation of the measured MRI. Segmentation results for subcortical and ventricular structures of subjects, within populations of demented subjects, are demonstrated, including the use of multiple atlases across multiple diseased groups.
D’un registre linguistique à l’autre dans l’île de Corse (1995)

Personne n’ignore qu’en matière de religion, dès qu’on parle des gens du Midi, immédiatement on entend “hérétique” ; de même lorsqu’il s’agit de la religion des Corses, on entend “superstition”, sans doute parce que dans l’un et l’autre cas on y parle une langue étrangère au français. Aussi convient-il de savoir que la langue corse, parlée bien avant d’être écrite, s’exprime dans une culture de tradition essentiellement orale, qu’il s’agisse de chants ou de poésie, et plus généralement de cou...
Development of an object-based equipment controller for semiconductor equipment communications (2003)

SEMATECH developed the CIM framework specification to facilitate the creation of an integrated, common, flexible, modular object model leading to an open, multi-supplier CIM system environment in the semiconductor industry. However: all the equipment must comply with the SEMI SECS/GEM standards to interface with the CIM framework's machine management components. SEMI is developing an object-based equipment model (OBEM) standard to tab full advantage of the CIM framework. With OBEM, the equipment can communicate with the CIM framework directly by method invocation. This work develops OBEM-compliant object-based equipment (OBE) in the MES framework environment, such that this equipment can directly communicate with the a MES framework, without using the SECS/GEM protocol. Therefore, a systematic approach for developing this object-based system using object technology is proposed. The unified modeling language (UML) is adopted as the major tool for analyzing and developing the target system. A SECS/GEM adapter is also added on the OBE to enable the OBE to be integrated with a legacy factory which can only use SECS/GEM standards. A die bonder is used as example equipment for development demonstrations.
Models of zinc-containing proteases. Rapid amide hydrolysis by an unusually acidic Zn2+-OH2 complex (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModels of zinc-containing proteases. Rapid amide hydrolysis by an unusually acidic Zn2+-OH2 complexJohn T. Groves and James R. OlsonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 18, 2715–2717Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00212a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (342 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Malignant lymphomas that mimic benign lymphoid lesions: a review of four lymphomas. (1995)

Lymphomas that may be misdiagnosed as benign lymphoid lesions are described and illustrated in this review. Differential diagnoses are considered, and the use of specialized techniques in diagnostic pathology are discussed. The four lymphomas selected for review include follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma with mantle zone pattern, interfollicular Hodgkin's disease, and nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease.
Principles, Characteristics and Applications of Magneto Rheological Fluid Damper in Flow and Shear Mode (2014)

Magneto rheological (MR) fluid has been attracting great research attention because it can change its characteristics very rapidly and controlled easily in the presence of an applied magnetic field. The devices using MR fluid like dampers, clutches, polishing machines, hydraulic valves, etc., have a great promising future. Magneto-rheological (MR) dampers are semi active control devices that use MR fluids to suppress the vibrations. In this paper, the various modes of usage and characteristics are discussed. Mathematical modelingof the MR fluid dampers based on Bingham plastic model and Herschel Bulkley model are presented.
Studies on pyrrolidinones. A convenient synthesis of 2‐methyl‐5‐(5‐oxo‐1‐benzyl‐2‐pyrrolidinyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (1986)

Abstract 2‐Methyl‐5‐(5‐oxo‐1‐benzyl‐2‐pyrrolidinyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole is easily obtained by dehydration of N ‐acetyl‐1‐benzylpyroglutamic acid hydrazide with a methanesulfonic acid/phosphoric anhydride mixture.
A “New Europe”? (2009)

This chapter tracks some of the events and phenomena that drew on wartime and prewar conceptions relating to the future of Transylvania. In so doing, it seeks to explain how and why the Transylvanian Question has persevered, and what forms it has taken since the collapse of Communism. It argues that in fashioning answers to the Transylvanian Question, twentieth-century state leaders mobilized myriad systems, institutions, and ideologies at both the national and European levels. Consequently, European institutions and ideas about Europe were forged in the fire of unresolved issues around minority rights, the nation-state, territoriality, and sovereignty left over from the nineteenth century, and the attempt to remake Europe after World War I. Statesmen and politicians in Hungary and Romania today have thus retained one of the most long-standing objectives of their predecessors: transforming the Transylvanian Question into a European concern.
Classification and approximation with rule-based networks (2007)

This thesis describes the architecture of learning systems which can explain their decisions through a rule-based knowledge representation. Two problems in learning are addressed: pattern classification and function approximation. In Part I, a pattern classifier for discrete-valued problems is presented. The system utilizes an information-theoretic algorithm for constructing informative rules from example data. These rules are then used to construct a computational network to perform parallel inference and posterior probability estimation. The network can be extended incrementally; that is, new data can be incorporated without repeating the training on previous data. It is shown that this technique performs comparably with other techniques including the backpropagation network while having unique advantages in incremental learning capability, training efficiency, and knowledge representation. Examples are shown of rule-based classification and explanation. In Part II, we present a method for the learning of fuzzy logic membership functions and rules to predict a numerical function from examples of the function and its independent variables. This method uses a three-step approach to building a complete function approximation system: first, learning the membership functions and creating a cell-based rule representation; second, simplifying the cell-based rules using an information-theoretic approach for induction of rules from discrete-valued data; and finally, constructing a computational network to compute the function value given its independent variables. Applications of the system to adaptive control are suggested, including a method for learning a complete control system for an unknown plant. Experimental validation of the suggested methods using a ball-and-beam system is shown.
Ligninolytic enzyme system of Phanaerochaete chrysosporium: synthesized in the absence of lignin in response to nitrogen starvation (1978)

The relationship between growth, nutrient nitrogen assimilation, and the appearance of ligninolytic activity was examined in stationary batch cultures of the wood-destroying hymenomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burds. grown under conditions optimized for lignin metabolism. A reproducible sequence of events followed inoculation: 0 to 24 h, germination, linear growth, and depletion of nutrient nitrogen; 24 to 48 h, cessation of linear growth and derepression of ammonium permease activity (demonstrating nitrogen starvation); 72 to 96 h, appearance of ligninolytic activity (synthetic 14C-lignin leads to 14CO2). Experiments with cycloheximide demonstrated that appearance of ligninolytic activity occurs irrespective of the presence of lignin; lignin did not induce additional activity. Addition of NH4+ to cultures immediately prior to the time of appearance of the ligninolytic system delayed its appearance, suggesting that the NH4+ led to interference with synthesis of the enzyme system. Addition of NH4+ to ligninolytic cultures resulted in an eventual, temporary decrease in ligninolytic activity. The results suggest that all or essential protein components of the ligninolytic enzyme system are synthesized as part of a series of physiological ("secondary metabolic") events that are initiated by nutrient nitrogen starvation.
Comorbidity Between Lifetime Eating Problems and Mood and Anxiety Disorders: Results from the Canadian Community Health Survey of Mental Health and Well‐being (2015)

This study was to examine profiles of eating problems (EPs), mood and anxiety disorders and their comorbidities; explore risk patterns for these disorders; and document differences in health service utilization in a national population. Data were from the Canadian Community Health Survey of Mental Health and Well-being. The lifetime prevalence of EPs was 1.70% among Canadians, compared with 13.25% for mood disorder, 11.27% for anxiety disorder and 20.16% for any mood or anxiety disorder. Almost half of those with EPs also suffered with mood or anxiety disorders. A similar pattern in depressive symptoms was found among individuals with major depression and EPs, but individuals with EPs reported fewer symptoms. Factors associated with the comorbidity of EPs and mood and anxiety disorders were identified. Individuals with EPs reported more unmet needs. Patients with EPs should be concomitantly investigated for mood and anxiety disorders, as similar interventions may be effective for both.
Detection, Prevention, and Treatment of Hypoglycemia in the Hospital (2005)

In Brief Hypoglycemia is a worrisome condition for hospitalized patients. Nurses, physicians, and other health care workers must be vigilant in detecting, treating, and most of all preventing hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. Systems and protocols for treating patients with diabetes guide the health care team in achieving glycemic goals for healing and health promotion while providing a safe environment.
Modified therapy with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and methotrexate in advanced gastric cancer (1993)

This regimen appears to prolong survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer, and the reduction of the methotrexate dose does not seem to compromise its efficacy.
Buffering the Aqueous Phase pH in Water-in-CO<sub>2</sub> Microemulsions (1999)

The addition of organic and inorganic buffers to nanometer size water-in-CO2 microemulsion droplets stabilized by ammonium perfluoropolyether (PFPE-NH4) results in an increase in pH from 3 to values of 5−7. The effects of temperature, pressure, buffer type, buffer concentration, ionic strength, and CO2 solubility on the pH inside water-in-CO2 microemulsions and on biphasic water−CO2 systems were measured by the hydrophilic indicator 4-nitrophenyl-2-sulfonate and were predicted accurately with thermodynamic models. In both systems, modest buffer loadings result in a steep pH “jump” from 2.5 pH units. Further increases in pH require large amounts of base to overcome buffering due to the carbonic acid−bicarbonate equilibrium. A pH approaching neutrality was obtained in w/c microemulsions with approximately 1.5 mol kg-1 NaOH. At high buffer loadings, the effects of temperature and pressure on pH values are negligible.
Pure Nanoporous Gold Powder: Synthesis and Catalytic Properties (2011)

Synthesis of extremely pure nanoporous system was used to investigate the intrinsic catalytic properties of gold toward oxidation reactions. The poor activity observed contrasts with the high activity reported up to now on nearly identical materials except that they contain superficial impurities resulting from the manufacturing process. This low activity shows that gold alone cannot activate the O−O bond without some influence from a substrate such as charge-transfer processes or specific interfacial sites.
Abstract 2521: The pan-RAF inhibitor PLX4032 inhibits ERK signaling and tumor cell proliferation in a V600E BRAF mutant-selective manner (2010)

Abstract Activation of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway occurs often in human cancer. Tumors with mutant BRAF and some with mutant RAS are dependent upon ERK signaling for proliferation and their growth is suppressed by selective inhibitors of MEK. In contrast, tumor cells with HER-kinase activation proliferate in a MEK-independent manner. These findings have led to the development of RAF and MEK inhibitors as anticancer agents. Like MEK inhibitors, the pan-RAF kinase inhibitor PLX4032 inhibits the proliferation of V600E BRAF mutant tumor cells, but not that of HER kinase dependent tumors. However, tumors with RAS mutation that are sensitive to MEK inhibition are insensitive to PLX4032. Whereas MEK inhibitors inhibit ERK phosphorylation in all normal and tumor cells, PLX4032 only inhibits ERK signaling in tumor cells with BRAF mutation. In contrast, the drug activates MEK and ERK phosphorylation in cells with wild-type BRAF. In mutant BRAF cells, the MEK and RAF inhibitors affect the expression of a common set of genes, whereas they have opposite effects on the expression of these genes in tumors with mutant RAS. Furthermore, PLX4032 inhibits ERK signaling output in mutant BRAF cells, but transiently activates it in tumor cells with wild-type RAF. Thus, PLX4032 inhibits ERK signaling output in a BRAF mutant-selective manner. These data suggest that PLX4032 may have a broader therapeutic index and help to explain the greater antitumor activity observed with this drug compared to MEK inhibitors, which inhibit ERK signaling in all cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2521.
The measure in vivo of regional cerebral oxygen utilization by means of oxyhemoglobin labeled with radioactive oxygen-15 (1970)

Regional cerebral oxygen utilization rate is measured in vivo by the following method:A small volume of blood with radioactive oxygen-15-tagged hemoglobin is rapidly injected into the internal carotid artery of the patient under study. The first injection is followed by the injection carried out under identical circumstances but with blood labeled with water-(15)O. After each injection, the distribution of the radioactive label in the brain is measured and recorded, as a function of time, by six collimated scintillation probes placed over the subject's head. The recording, subsequent to the first injection, reflects (a) the arrival of the labeled oxygen into the tissues, (b) its partial conversion into water of metabolism, and (c) the washout of labeled water from the brain. The ratio of the amount of labeled water formed to the amount of oxygen perfusing the tissues, which can be derived from the recording, is a measure of fractional oxygen utilization. The second injection provides a measure of blood flow by the interpretation of the washout of labeled water from brain tissues. The product, fractional oxygen utilization x blood flow x arterial oxygen content, gives a measure of oxygen utilization rate. Some aspects of the validity of this method are tested by the injection of a nondiffusible indicator, carboxyhemoglobin-(15)O. Regional cerebral oxygen utilization rates for a series of patients with cerebral pathology are reported.
Clinical singgnificance of interactions with antifungal agents (1992)

Antifungal drugs act by a variety of mechanisms. Agents such as substituent imidazoles and triazoles, which act by inhibiting the fungal cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme lanosterol N-demethylase, have the potential to inhibit host cytochrome P-450-dependent drug metabolism. This is discussed with respect to ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole. In contrast, allylamines, which have a different mode of action and a weaker ability to bind to cytochrome P-450, are not expected to inhibit clinical drug oxidation. Inducers of drug metabolism, especially rifampicin, phenobarbitone and phenytoin, may lower plasma (and tissue) concentrations of those antifungals metabolized by mixed function oxidases, with therapeutic consequences.
SRAM dynamic stability estimation using MPFP (2007)

In this paper, an accurate approach for estimating SRAM dynamic stability is proposed. The conventional methods of SRAM stability estimation suffer from two major drawbacks: (1) using static failure criteria, such as SNM, which does not capture the transient and dynamic behavior of SRAM operation, and (2) using quasi-Monte-Carlo simulation, which approximates the failure distribution, resulting in large errors at the tails where the desired failure probabilities exist. These drawbacks are eliminated by employing a new distribution-independent, most-probable-failure-point search technique for accurate probability calculation along with accurate simulation-based dynamic failure criteria. Compared to previously published techniques, the proposed technique offers orders of magnitude improvement in accuracy. Moreover, the proposed technique enables the correct evaluation of stability in real operation conditions and for different dynamic circuit techniques, such as dynamic writeback, where the conventional methods are not applicable.
<title>3D segmentation of medical images for computer-aided design and rapid prototyping of orthopedic devices</title> (1998)

The segmentation of medial images is the first step along the series of events that need to take place during the automated design and rapid prototyping of orthopedic devices. The segmentation algorithm presented in this work, the discrete surface model, is an automated 3D segmentation method that attempts to optimize an energy function based on three distinct potentials: a deformation potential that expands the model, an image potential that causes it to stop at image boundaries, and a topology potential that maintains a smooth curvature. Since the deformation of the discrete surface model is local in nature, a global optimization routine encapsulates the deformation of the model using simulated annealing to avoid local energy minima such as are caused by false edges. In addition, the model has no inherent way of checking for self intersections. Global topology is also maintained using a ray-shooting technique that prevents self intersections for occurring in concave models. This segmentation algorithm is ideal for the creation of physical 3D models using rapid prototyping.