gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Question Answer System Based on Confirmed Knowledge Developed by Using Mails Posted to a Mailing List. (2005)

In this paper, we report a QA system which can answer how type questions based on the confirmed knowledge base which was developed by using mails posted to a mailing list. We first discuss a problem of developing a knowledge base by using natural language documents: wrong information in natural language documents. Then, we describe a method of detecting wrong information in mails posted to a mailing list and developing a knowledge base by using these mails. Finally, we show that question and answer mails posted to a mailing list can be used as a knowledge base for a QA system. 1
Expression of complement restriction factors (CD46, CD55 & CD59) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (2006)

Enhanced staining of tumor tissues at stages T1/T2 indicates that the CRFs are overexpressed by primary tumors before metastasis to either lymph nodes or organs (N0M0 stage) suggesting that CRFs are formed early during tumorigenesis.
Immunological problems of polymer-bound drugs. (1985)

For the application of polymer-bound drugs (especially in combination with the targeting antibodies), it is essential to know more about the immunogenicity and possible hazards from immune reactions induced by their repeated application. The immune reaction depends on many factors (including structure of antigen, dose of antigen, schedule and way of the application, genetic background of the immunized, i.e., receiving organism) and could be weakened or eliminated by a choice of suitable factors. Problems connected with the immune reaction of the humoral and cellular type (B and T cell involvement) against different polymers and polymer-bound drugs and possible consequences for their clinical use will be discussed.
Human-Computer Interaction: Overview on State of the Art (2008)

Abstract The intention of this paper is to provide an overview on the subject of Human-Computer Interaction. The overview includes the basic definitions and terminology, a survey of existing technologies and recent advances in the field, common architectures used in the design of HCI systems which includes unimodal and multimodal configurations, and finally the applications of HCI. This paper also offers a comprehensive number references for each concept, method, and application in the HCI.
Radiation Heat Transfer Through Carbon Fiber Materials: Experiment vs Theory (2018)

Comparisons between theoretical predictions and test data for two fiber materials containing sparsely dispersed carbon fibers are presented in this Paper. Heat transfer through the test specimens was measured in vacuum from to 1100 K. The theoretical predictions are based on Lee’s radiation model for a fibrous medium that uses only deterministic characteristics of the material composition. Good agreement is observed between the predictions and test data. The present study, in conjunction with other published comparisons for different types of fiber materials, provides an additional validation of Lee’s radiation model for fiber media.
Biosynthesis of Vitamin C by Yeast Leads to Increased Stress Resistance (2007)

This platform provides a new tool whose commercial applications may have a substantial impact on bio-industrial production of Vitamin C. Furthermore, we propose S. cerevisiae cells endogenously producing vitamin C as a cellular model to study the genesis/protection of ROS as well as genotoxicity.
A multilevel coded modulation approach for hexagonal signal constellation (2009)

We propose a new coded modulation called hexagonal shell modulation (HSM). The HSM has a signal constellation composed of shell-like tiling of hexagons and thus has a lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) than a standard square quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with comparable bandwidth efficiency and minimum Euclidean distance. The main challenge is that HSM has a non-power-of-two number of constellation points, and thus assignment of binary information to HSM is not straightforward. We resolve this by applying a multilevel coded modulation (MLC) scheme where a ternary set partitioning combined with binary-input ternary-output (BITO) turbo codes is employed to fully exploit the property of the nonpower- of-two constellation points. Throughout this letter, we focus on an 18-ary HSM with the information rate of 3 bit/symbol as a specific example. It is shown that this system outperforms the standard square 16-QAM with the same rate when PAR is constrained.
Common themes in microbial pathogenicity. (1989)

A bacterial pathogen is a highly adapted microorganism which has the capacity to cause disease. The mechanisms used by pathogenic bacteria to cause infection and disease usually include an interactive group of virulence determinants, sometimes coregulated, which are suited for the interaction of a particular microorganism with a specific host. Because pathogens must overcome similar host barriers, common themes in microbial pathogenesis have evolved. However, these mechanisms are diverse between species and not necessarily conserved; instead, convergent evolution has developed several different mechanisms to overcome host barriers. The success of a bacterial pathogen can be measured by the degree with which it replicates after entering the host and reaching its specific niche. Successful microbial infection reflects persistence within a host and avoidance or neutralization of the specific and nonspecific defense mechanisms of the host. The degree of success of a pathogen is dependent upon the status of the host. As pathogens pass through a host, they are exposed to new environments. Highly adapted pathogenic organisms have developed biochemical sensors exquisitely designed to measure and respond to such environmental stimuli and accordingly to regulate a cascade of virulence determinants essential for life within the host. The pathogenic state is the product of dynamic selective pressures on microbial populations.
Tailored Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: A New Approach to Therapy (2004)

The treatment of colorectal cancer has advanced over the past several years with the introduction of several active agents. Determining which patients to treat with chemotherapy and choosing optimal treatment would allow practioners to maximize the benefit of chemotherapy. Several prognostic and predictive markers have been identified and include oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, genes involved in angiogenic and apoptotic pathways and cell proliferation, and those encoding targets of chemotherapy. Specifically, prognostic markers include deletion of 18q (DCC), p27 and microsatellite instability. Predictive markers are those that may determine efficacy of drugs used in colorectal cancer such as fluropyrimidines and oxaliplatin. Alterations in gene expression, protein expression and polymorphic variants in genes encoding thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, and thymidine phosphorylase and excision repair cross-complementing genes (ERCC1) may be useful as markers for clinical drug response, survival and host toxicity. The integration of these prognostic and predictive markers would allow individualized treatment for patients, maximizing therapeutic effect and minimizing exposure to toxicity.
Increasing power density of adapters by using DC link chopper (2012)

Flyback switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) are popular for low-power and medium-power external power adapters due to their light weight and low cost. While the demand for more compact adapters for notebooks, tablets and gadgets is continuously increasing, there are physical limitations in the efficiency and power density that can be achieved using the Flyback topology. One major issue is the DC link capacitor, also known as bulk cap; its volume represents a big part of the adapter, its power dissipation is a major loss and its life expectation is the main factor in the reliability of the adapters. This paper introduces an innovative solution for reducing the value, the volume and the power losses of the bulk capacitor; as an extra benefit of this solution, the power factor of the adapter is also improved and the conduction losses associated with the front end of the converter are significantly reduced.
Windrow Composting of a Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge: Process Performance and Assessment of Product Quality (1997)

Pulp and paper mill sludges (PMS) are a significant by-product of the paper making industry worldwide, and composting with mineral nutrients in Tasmania is viewed as the most environmentally acceptable technology to convert this material into a useful horticultural or agricultural product, thereby eliminating the need for landfilling. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of composting PMS in large-scale periodically turned windrows based on optimal conditions previously determined in laboratory-scale reactors. Performance of the composting process and quality of the composted PMS is reported. PMS was composted with mineral nutrients at an initial C:N:P:K ratio of 35:1:0.6:0.1 in three windrows of 25 m in length, 3 m in width and 2 m in height with weekly turning for 21 weeks, following which the trial was terminated. Temperature at the pile center remained above 50°C for the duration of the trial, with pile pH peaking at 7.46 after 11 weeks. At termination, phytotoxicity was absent and pile volume had decreased by 45 percent, partly due to a 31.6 percent increase in bulk density and a decrease in gravimetric water content from 71.4 percent before to 63.7 percent after composting. Due to the moderate level of aluminum in the PMS compost, substitution of the aluminum sulfate flocculant used in primary clarification and sludge dewatering with a nonaluminum based flocculant may be required to reduce the potential for aluminum toxicity in plants. The C:N ratio was reduced from 218:1 prior to mineral nutrient addition to 23:1 after composting with a concomitant rise in electrical conductivity from 0.59 dSm−1 to 2.78 dSm−1, possibly making the material unsuitable for direct contact with plants sensitive to moderately saline conditions. The electrical conductivity could be reduced to less than 2 dSm−1 by substituting some of the nitrogen and potassium amendments with nonsalinizing nutrient forms, thereby substantially improving the quality of the composted PMS.
Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity of Invasive Pneumococcal Isolates Recovered from French Children (2002)

We investigated the phenotypic and genetic diversity (by ribotyping) of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates recovered from French children, by blood culture from meningitis-free patients (n = 244) and by cerebrospinal fluid culture from patients with meningitis (n = 154). Isolates belonging to serotypes associated with carriage and penicillin-resistant isolates were significantly more frequent in children under 2 years of age than in older children. The seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine covered 68% of strains associated with bacteremia and 61% of strains associated with meningitis in children under 2 years. Although some serotypes were recovered more frequently from children with bacteremia than from those with meningitis, no difference in the genetic backgrounds of the two groups of strains was found.
Effect of Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling on Distribution of Extravasated Antibodies in Tumors (2006)

Antibodies and other macromolecular therapeutics can gain access to tumor cells via leaky tumor vessels. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling can reduce the vascularity of tumors and leakiness of surviving vessels, but little is known about how these changes affect the distribution of antibodies within tumors. We addressed this issue by examining the distribution of extravasated antibodies in islet cell tumors of RIP-Tag2 transgenic mice and implanted Lewis lung carcinomas using fluorescence and confocal microscopic imaging. Extravasated nonspecific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and antibodies to fibrin or E-cadherin accumulated in irregular patchy regions of stroma. Fibrin also accumulated in these regions. Anti-E-cadherin antibody, which targets epitopes on tumor cells of RIP-Tag2 adenomas, was the only antibody to achieve detectable levels within tumor cell clusters at 6 hours after i.v. injection. Treatment for 7 days with AG-013736, a potent inhibitor of VEGF signaling, reduced the tumor vascularity by 86%. The overall area density of extravasated IgG/antibodies decreased after treatment but the change was less than the reduction in vascularity and actually increased when expressed per surviving tumor vessel. Accumulation of anti-E-cadherin antibody in tumor cell clusters was similarly affected. The patchy pattern of antibodies in stroma after treatment qualitatively resembled untreated tumors and surprisingly coincided with sleeves of basement membrane left behind after pruning of tumor vessels. Together, the findings suggest that antibody transport increases from surviving tumor vessels after normalization by inhibition of VEGF signaling. Basement membrane sleeves may facilitate this transport. Antibodies preferentially distribute to tumor stroma but also accumulate on tumor cells if binding sites are accessible.
Focal mechanisms in anisotropic media (2005)

Focal mechanisms of seismic sources in anisotropic media are more complicated than in isotropic media. Planar shear faulting produces pure double-couple (DC) mechanism in isotropy, but generally non-double-couple (non-DC) mechanism in anisotropy. The non-DC mechanism can comprise both the isotropic (ISO) and compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) components. The amount of the ISO and CLVD components depends on strength and symmetry of anisotropy and on the orientation of faulting. Shear faulting in anisotropy generates a pure DC mechanism, provided that faulting is situated in symmetry planes of orthorhombic or of higher anisotropy symmetries. The fault plane solution, i.e. the orientation of the fault normal and the slip direction, can be retrieved from the seismic moment tensor and from elastic parameters describing anisotropy at the source. Numerical modelling shows that shear faulting in anisotropic rocks present in the Earth crust, the Earth mantle or in the subduction zones can produce mostly mechanisms with the CLVD up to 30 per cent and with the ISO up to 15 per cent. The fault plane solutions calculated under the assumption of isotropy typically deviate from the true solutions by an angle of 5° to 10°.
Electrochemically Synthesis of Nickel Cobalt Sulfide for High‐Performance Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors (2017)

A lightweight, flexible, and highly efficient energy management strategy is highly desirable for flexible electronic devices to meet a rapidly growing demand. Herein, Ni-Co-S nanosheet array is successfully deposited on graphene foam (Ni-Co-S/GF) by a one-step electrochemical method. The Ni-Co-S/GF composed of Ni-Co-S nanosheet array which is vertically aligned to GF and provides a large interfacial area for redox reactions with optimum interstitials facilitates the ions diffusion. The Ni-Co-S/GF electrodes have high specific capacitance values of 2918 and 2364 F g<sup>-1</sup> at current densities of 1 and 20 A g<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Using such hierarchical Ni-Co-S/GF as the cathode, a flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is further fabricated with polypyrrple(PPy)/GF as the anode. The flexible asymmetric supercapacitors have maximum operation potential window of 1.65 V, and energy densities of 79.3 and 37.7 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> when the power densities are 825.0 and 16100 W kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. It's worth nothing that the ASC cells have robust flexibility with performance well maintained when the devices were bent to different angles from 180° to 15° at a duration of 5 min. The efficient electrochemical deposition method of Ni-Co-S with a preferred orientation of nanosheet arrays is applicable for the flexible energy storage devices.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Molybdenum Disulfide Nanocluster (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of a Molybdenum Disulfide NanoclusterZhi Jun Zhang, Jun Zhang, and Qun Ji XueCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 49, 12973–12977Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100100a027https://doi.org/10.1021/j100100a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2880Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Development Of A Generic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor With Application To The Detection Of Glucose (1989)

A generic sensor for hydrogen peroxide producing metabolites was developed. The sensor consists of a small bore nylon tube fitting closely over two UV-transmitting fibers in an optrode configuration. In the case of glucose sensing, horseradish peroxidase and glucose oxidase were coimmobilized on the inside surface of the nylon tube. Glucose oxidase catalyzes the production of hydrogen peroxide from glucose and horseradish peroxidase catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (11202) and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA) into 6-6'-dihydroxy(1,11- biphenyl) 3,3'-diacetic acid (DBDA) which is measured by laser- assisted fluorometry. The amount of fluorescing DBDA is directly proportional to the amount of glucose present. Michaelis-Menten kinetics for soluble and immobilized enzymes were established for the H202/1-12A/HRP system to determine the range of hydrogen peroxide concentrations for which sensor linear response is observed. Sensors were found to be stable at 4°C in pH 7 phosphate buffer for a period of thirty days with no significant loss in enzyme activity. Glucose levels in buffer at physiological pH were measured and sensor linearity was established. Applicability of the sensor to the measurement of glucose levels in serum was established. Further studies will involve in vitro sensor calibration.
Middle English: Excluding Chaucer (1984)

Middle English: Excluding Chaucer Get access T. P. DOLAN, T. P. DOLAN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. J. FLETCHER, A. J. FLETCHER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. POWELL S. POWELL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Year's Work in English Studies, Volume 62, Issue 1, 1984, Pages 108–126, https://doi.org/10.1093/ywes/62.1.108 Published: 01 September 1984
High frequency bandwidth cutting force measurements in milling using the spindle integrated force sensor system (2009)

The accurate measurement of forces at the tool tip is required for calibration of cutting force coefficients, adaptive control of maximum cutting forces, detection of tool failure, and monitoring of the force history applied to a workpiece during production. However, the majority of the present sensor systems are not effective due to low frequency bandwidths, limited workpiece size, wiring complexities, and susceptibility to harsh machining environments. To overcome the limitations, the Spindle Integrated Force Sensor (SIFS) system is developed, which can be used in production machines to measure cutting forces by integrating piezoelectric force sensors to the stationary spindle housing. Since the sensors are part of the spindle, the structural dynamics of the spindle assembly directly affect the accuracy and bandwidth of the force measurement. The thesis presents a systematic methodology to compensate the distortions caused by structural dynamic modes of the spindle and tool system. The structural dynamic model between the cutting forces acting on the tool tip and the measured forces at the spindle housing is identified. A disturbance Kalman Filter is designed to remove the influence of structural modes on the force measurements. The frequency bandwidth is increased from 350 Hz to 1000 Hz by compensating the first three dominant structural modes of the spindle with the proposed sensing and the signal processing method. In addition, the mathematical coupling of Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) of the spindle and arbitrary cutting tool dynamics is proposed and verified using the Receptance Coupling (RC) method with the identification of the joint dynamics to automate the dynamic compensation regardless of end mills. Based on the reconstructed cutting force measurements from the spindle integrated sensors, the adaptive control scheme is used to maximize productivity by optimizing the feed rate of the CNC machine, and the chatter and tool breakage detections are performed to monitor the milling processes.
Confidentiality-Preserving Image Search: A Comparative Study Between Homomorphic Encryption and Distance-Preserving Randomization (2014)

Recent years have seen increasing popularity of storing and managing personal multimedia data using online services. Preserving confidentiality of online personal data while offering efficient functionalities thus becomes an important and pressing research issue. In this paper, we study the problem of content-based search of image data archived online while preserving content confidentiality. The problem has different settings from those typically considered in the secure computation literature, as it deals with data in rank-ordered search, and has a different security-efficiency requirement. Secure computation techniques, such as homomorphic encryption, can potentially be used in this application, at a cost of high computational and communication complexity. Alternatively, efficient techniques based on randomizing visual feature and search indexes have been proposed recently to enable similarity comparison between encrypted images. This paper focuses on comparing these two major paradigms of techniques, namely, homomorphic encryption-based techniques and feature/index randomization-based techniques, for confidentiality-preserving image search. We develop novel and systematic metrics to quantitatively evaluate security strength in this unique type of data and applications. We compare these two paradigms of techniques in terms of their search performance, security strength, and computational efficiency. The insights obtained through this paper and comparison will help design practical algorithms appropriate for privacy-aware cloud multimedia systems.
[Bibliographic review: quantitative variations and metabolism of lipids in adipose tissue and liver during the gestation-lactation cycle. 2: In the ewe and the cow]. (1987)

This comprehensive review describes changes in body lipids, energy balance and metabolic pathways and endocrine regulations in the adipose tissues and liver of ewes and cows during pregnancy and lactation. These profiles are discussed in relation to litter size, food intake and diet composition. The interactions between teleophoretic mechanisms (that direct nutrients to the gravid uterus or to the mammary gland) and homeostatic mechanisms (that ensure maintenance of the mother organism) have been emphasized.