gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solubilization and Mineralization of Lignin by White Rot Fungi (1992)

The white rot fungi Lentinula edodes, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Flammulina velutipes, and Schizophyllum commune were grown in liquid media containing C-lignin-labelled wood, and the formation of water-soluble C-labelled products and CO(2), the growth of the fungi, and the activities of extracellular lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase were measured. Conditions that affect the rate of lignin degradation were imposed, and both long-term (0- to 16-day) and short-term (0- to 72-h) effects on the production of the two types of product and on the activities of the enzymes were monitored. The production of CO(2)-labelled products from the aqueous ones was also investigated. The short-term studies showed that the different conditions had different effects on the production of the two products and on the activities of the enzymes. Nitrogen sources inhibited the production of both products by all species when differences in growth could be discounted. Medium pH and manganese affected lignin degradation by the different species differently. With P. chrysosporium, the results were consistent, with lignin peroxidase playing a role in lignin solubilization and manganese peroxidase being important in subsequent CO(2) production.
Optimal design of experiments (1993)

Experimental Designs in Linear Models Optimal Designs for Scalar Parameter Systems Information Matrices Loewner Optimality Real Optimality Criteria Matrix Means The General Equivalence Theorem Optimal Moment Matrices and Optimal Designs D-, A-, E-, T-Optimality Admissibility of Moment and Information Matrices Bayes Designs and Discrimination Designs Efficient Designs for Finite Sample Sizes Invariant Design Problems Kiefer Optimality Rotatability and Response Surface Designs Comments and References Biographies Bibliography Index.
Charge distribution on benzene determined from infrared band intensities by a new equation (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharge distribution on benzene determined from infrared band intensities by a new equationMinoru Akiyama, Yukari Shimizu, Hisato Itaya, and Masato KakihanaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 6, 2280–2284Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100343a018https://doi.org/10.1021/j100343a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Immunogenicity and Allergenic Potential of Animal and Human Insulins (1993)

Immunological complications of insulin therapy have been evident since animal insulins became available for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in 1922. Insulin allergy has been particularly common, with local symptoms still occurring in approximately 5% of all patients. Insulin antibodies of high titers were observed in many patients treated with early insulin preparations containing proinsulin, C-peptide, and other peptide contaminants. Immunoglobulin G-insulin antibodies of very high levels can lead to immune-mediated insulin resistance, which is now extremely rare because of the widespread use of highly purified porcine insulin and human insulin preparations. Lipoatrophy, which was reported in 10-55% of patients treated with nonpurified bovine/porcine insulin preparations, has almost disappeared in patients since the advent of exclusive human insulin treatment. In view of the wide spectrum of immune-mediated complications of insulin therapy, much attention has been directed to the reduced immunogenicity and allergenicity of highly purified porcine insulins and the more recently available recombinant and semisynthetic human insulin preparations. Insulin antibodies of the immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin E type can develop, however, in very low titers in patients treated exclusively with human insulin. Frequency and levels of immunoglobulin G insulin antibodies are identical in patients treated either with biosynthetic or semisynthetic human insulin preparations. Allergic symptoms to human insulin are now found in < 1% of de novo-treated patients, but still may occur when human insulin is used in the insulin-allergic patient. In summary, immunological complications of insulin therapy have decreased significantly during the last two decades and are now predominantly observed in patients with interrupted insulin therapy.
A Unified Analytical Framework for Ship Domains (2009)

Most of the existing typical ship domains have been comprehensively reviewed and classified. Most of these ship domains are described in a geometrical manner that is difficult to apply to practices and simulations in marine traffic engineering. According to different types of geometrical ship domains, we have proposed mathematical models, based on which a unified analytical framework has been established. It is feasible and practical for the analytical models to be applied to the assessment of navigational safety, collision avoidance and trajectory planning, etc . Finally, some computer simulations and comparative studies of the proposed domain model have been presented and the simulation results show that the uniform analytical framework for ship domains is effective and identical to the original geometrical ones. It should be noted that the analytical domain models could be directly applied in any collision risk, collision avoidance or VTS system while the geometrical ones would be more illustrative but less practical or analytical.
Vehicle Self-Surveillance (2016)

Motor vehicles are widely used, quite valuable, and often targeted for theft. Preventive measures include car alarms, proximity control, and physical locks, which can be bypassed if the car is left unlocked, or if the thief obtains the keys. Reactive strategies like cameras, motion detectors, human patrolling, and GPS tracking can monitor a vehicle, but may not detect car thefts in a timely manner. We propose a fast automatic driver recognition system that identifies unauthorized drivers while overcoming the drawbacks of previous approaches. We factor drivers' trips into elemental driving events, from which we extract their driving preference features that cannot be exactly reproduced by a thief driving away in the stolen car. We performed real world evaluation using the driving data collected from 31 volunteers. Experiment results show we can distinguish the current driver as the owner with 97% accuracy, while preventing impersonation 91% of the time.
Increased Mortality in Philadelphia Associated with Daily Air Pollution Concentrations (1992)

Cause-specific deaths by day for the years 1973 to 1980 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, were extracted from National Center for Health Statistics mortality tapes. Death from accidents (International Classification of Disease, Revision 9 greater than or equal to 800) and deaths outside of the city were excluded. Daily counts of deaths were regressed using Poisson regression on total suspended particulate (TSP) and/or SO2 on the same day and on the preceding day, controlling for year, season, temperature, and humidity. A significant positive association was found between total mortality (mean of 48 deaths/day) and both TSP (second highest daily mean, 222 micrograms/m3) and SO2 (second highest daily mean, 299 micrograms/m3). The strongest associations were found with the mean pollution of the current and the preceding days. Total mortality was estimated to increase by 7% (95% CI, 4 to 10%) with each 100-micrograms/m3 increase in TSP, and 5% (95% CI, 3 to 7%) with each 100-micrograms/m3 increase in SO2. When both pollutants were considered simultaneously, the SO2 association was no longer significant. Mortality increased monotonically with TSP. The effect of 100 micrograms/m3 TSP was stronger in subjects older than 65 yr of age (10% increase) compared with those younger than 65 yr of age (3% increase). Cause-specific mortality was also associated with a 100-micrograms/m3 increase in TSP: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ICD9 490-496), +19% (95% CI, 0 to 42%), pneumonia (ICD9 480-486 & 507), +11% (95% CI, -3 to +27%), and cardiovascular disease (ICD9 390-448), +10% (95% CI, 6 to 14%). These results are somewhat higher than previously reported associations, and they add to the body of evidence showing that particulate pollution is associated with increased daily mortality at current levels in the United States.
Spatio-temporal segmentation and regions tracking of high definition video sequences based on a Markov Random Field model (2008)

In this paper, we propose a Markov random field sequence segmentation and regions tracking model, which aims at combining color, texture, and motion features. First a motion-based segmentation is realized. Namely the global motion of the video sequence is estimated and compensated. From the remaining motion information, a rough motion segmentation is achieved. Then, we use a Markovian approach to update and track over time the video objects. The spatio-temporal map is updated and compensated using our Markov Random Field segmentation model to keep consistency in video objects tracking.
Zidovudine myopathy: A distinctive disorder associated with mitochondrial dysfunction (1991)

Muscle biopsy specimens were obtained from 48 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients suffering from various neuromuscular symptoms. Microscopic examination by conventional and electron microscopy revealed a characteristic structural myopathy associated with mitochondrial changes in 13 patients, all of whom had received long-term zidovudine therapy. The mean cumulative dose they had received (498 +/- 145 gm) was significantly higher than that of the other 14 zidovudine recipients of the study. They suffered from a progressive, usually painful, proximal myopathy with pronounced wasting, normal-to-moderately elevated creatine kinase levels, and a myopathic electromyographic pattern. The condition usually improved after withdrawal of the drug. Assay of mitochondrial enzymes, including succinate-cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome c oxidase, and citrate synthase, showed a decline in respiratory chain capacity. Southern blot analysis of mitochondrial DNA showed no abnormality. It is likely that mitochondrial dysfunction, probably resulting from drug-induced inhibition of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase, is implicated in the pathogenesis of this complication of zidovudine therapy.
Preparation of solid alkaline fuel cell binders based on fluorinated poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)s [poly(DADMAC)] or poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene‐<i>co</i>‐DADMAC) copolymers (2009)

Abstract A membrane or an electrode binder to be used in a solid alkaline fuel cell (SAFC) needs to (i) be insoluble in both aqueous solutions and the required fuels, and (ii) exhibit an hydroxide ion conductivity. To achieve these goals, two pathways were employed: (i) one consists of the radical copolymerization of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) with chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) while (ii) the other one is based on the counter‐ion exchange of a poly(DADMAC) by fluorinated anions. First, the radical copolymerization of CTFE with DADMAC under various experimental conditions was achieved in yields up to 85%, and DADMAC percentages in the copolymers were higher than those in the feed compositions. To obtain insoluble copolymers, high CTFE feed contents (>70 mol %) were required. The other route consisting in the partial replacement of the Cl − counter‐ions in the water‐soluble poly(DADMAC) by bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide (TFSI − ) did confer the starting material insolubility in water while maintaining its conductivity. When the fluorinated poly(DADMAC) was obtained from concentrated solutions of fluorinated surfactant, it was observed that the amount of counter‐ions exchanged was difficult to control, which limits optimization. Nevertheless, under diluted conditions, membranes with ion exchange capacity up to 0.7 meq g −1 , and conductivities close to 1 mS cm −1 were obtained. Although their conductivities were low, these membranes fulfill the requirements for a SAFC membrane in terms of solubility in DMSO, water insolubility, and thermal stability ( T d,10% > 320 °C). When used in a fuel cell, as a binder in the membrane‐electrode assembly (MEA), significant improvements were noted (+50% of the open circuit voltage, +580% in current density, and +540% in accessible power). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2043–2058, 2009
Offset Compensation Based on Distributed Hall Cell Architecture (2012)

A new offset reduction strategy for CMOS Hall devices is proposed. The novelty is to fragment the Hall device into multiple Hall blocks, distributed over the silicon area and easy to interconnect. The suitable number of Hall blocks and the bias current level in each block can be adjusted according to the requirements in terms of offset, offset drift and signal to noise ratio. A chip was fabricated in 0.35 μm CMOS standard technology to demonstrate the potential of this architecture. The chip shows promising results, and in particular, a very low offset drift was observed at the front-end output stage (of the order of 10 nT/°C).
Microscopic fields in liquid dielectrics (2008)

We present the results of an analytical theory and numerical simulations of microscopic fields in dipolar liquids. Fields within empty spherical cavities (cavity field) and within cavities with a probe dipole (directing field) and the field induced by a probe dipole in the surrounding liquid (reaction field) are considered. Instead of demanding the field produced by a liquid dielectric in a large-scale cavity to coincide with the field of Maxwell's dielectric, we continuously increase the cavity size to reach the limit of a mesoscopic dimension and establish the continuum limit from the bottom up. Both simulations and analytical theory suggest that the commonly applied Onsager formula for the reaction field is approached from below, with increasing cavity size, by the microscopic solution. On the contrary, the cavity and directing fields do not converge to the limit of Maxwell's dielectric. The origin of the disagreement between the standard electrostatics and the results obtained from microscopic models is traced back to the failure of the former to account properly for the transverse correlations between dipoles in molecular liquids. A new continuum equation is derived for the cavity field and supported by numerical simulations. Experimental tests of the theoretical results are suggested.
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY AND OTOLARYNGOLOGY, SECTION ON OPHTHALMOLOGY (1938)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Ophthalmology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Ophthalmology journal
Short Notices (1965)

Journal Article Short Notices Get access M. S. ANDERSON M. S. ANDERSON London School of Economics Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXX, Issue CCCXIV, January 1965, Pages 184-b–185, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXX.CCCXIV.184-b Published: 01 January 1965
Ordered Polyelectrolyte “Multilayers”. 3. Complexing Clay Platelets with Polycations of Varying Structure (2001)

Different poly(ammonium) salts with various chemical structures were self-assembled by the layer-by-layer method with a synthetic hectorite, Laponite. Using X-ray reflectometry, we show that internal order is present in all multilayers. The structure of the polycation slightly modulates the spatial extent of order in the film as well as the value of the repeat period which increases with the volume per charge of macromolecule. By combining XRR, XPS, and TGA results, we demonstrate that the internal order in multilayers is due to the regular intercalation of organic polymer between individual platelets of Laponite and not due to the presence of nonexfoliated particules. This conclusion is corroborated by a structural analysis of the bulk complex between Laponite and a poly(diallylammonium) salt.
An efficient method for exploded view generation through assembly coherence data and precedence relations (2018)

Purpose Three-dimensional exploded view is a schematic representation of a product anticipated for performing assembly or disassembly operations. Exploded view is found in many applications, such as product instructional materials, repair and maintenance handbooks. This paper aims to propose an efficient exploded view generation technique based on assembly coherence data and disassembly feasibility testing, and illustrate it on various configurations of assemblies. Design/methodology/approach The proposed methodology extracts the assembly contact information between the constituent parts and geometric feasibility relation matrix based on the common mating surface of part pairs in liaison and assembly collision detection. These data are further used for exploded view generation. Findings The proposed exploded view generation method determines the possible disassembly sequences and simplifies the procedure in determining the number of disassembly levels. Research limitations/implications The procedure consumes more time for the products with large number of part counts having numerous non-ruled surfaces. Originality/value The proposed method is effectively used to solve assemblies, where parts are assembled through oblique orientations. The method is found successful in generating exploded view for products with large number of parts through collision-free paths.
Diastereoselective Reduction of a Chiral <i>N</i>-Boc-Protected δ-Amino-α,β-unsaturated γ-Keto Ester Phe-Gly Dipeptidomimetic (2002)

The readily available N-Boc-protected delta-amino alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma-keto ester 1 was diastereoselectively reduced to the corresponding alcohols 2 and 3, using boron- and aluminum-based reducing reagents. Reduction reactions were successful and resulted in anti/syn ratios of alcohols of >95:5 (80% yield), using LiAlH(O-t-Bu)(3) in EtOH at -78 degrees C under chelation control, and 5:95 (98% yield), using NB-Enantride in THF at -78 degrees C under Felkin-Anh control.
Twists in Catalysis: Alternating Conformations of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Thioredoxin Reductase (2000)

In thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) from Escherichia coli, cycles of reduction and reoxidation of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor depend on rate-limiting rearrangements of the FAD and NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) domains. We describe the structure of the flavin-reducing conformation of E. coli TrxR at a resolution of 3.0 angstroms. The orientation of the two domains permits reduction of FAD by NADPH and oxidation of the enzyme dithiol by the protein substrate, thioredoxin. The alternate conformation, described by Kuriyan and co-workers, permits internal transfer of reducing equivalents from reduced FAD to the active-site disulfide. Comparison of these structures demonstrates that switching between the two conformations involves a "ball-and-socket" motion in which the pyridine nucleotide-binding domain rotates by 67 degrees.
An in situ brain perfusion technique to study cerebrovascular transport in the rat (1984)

The right cerebral hemisphere of the rat was perfused in situ by retrograde infusion of HCO3 saline or blood into the right external carotid artery. Infusion rate was adjusted to minimize the contribution of systemic blood to flow in the hemisphere. During perfusion with whole or artificial blood, regional cerebral blood flow and blood volume were comparable to respective values in the conscious rat, whereas perfusion with HCO3 saline increased regional flow three- to fourfold due to the low viscosity of the saline perfusate. Perfusion with whole blood for 300 S or with HCO3 saline for 60 S did not alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Cerebrovascular permeability coefficients of eight nonelectrolytes ranged from 10(-8) to 10(-4) cm X S-1 and were directly proportional to the octanol-water partition coefficient of the solute. Thus the in situ brain perfusion technique is a sensitive new method to study cerebrovascular transfer in the rat and permits absolute control of perfusate composition.
Surface array waveguide mode analyzer (2003)

A type of mode analyzer based on an array of field probes at the surface of an overmoded circular waveguide is described. This type of device is needed in high-power microwave research where waveguide sizes typically permit dozens of modes to propagate. Initial experiments at 11 GHz using a 2-in diameter waveguide with 16 propagating modes and 20 surface probes have demonstrated the feasibility of the technique which relies on singular value decomposition algorithms for modal analysis. To make calibration feasible the field probes must respond only to the E-field or the H-field at the waveguide wall. Optimization of probe placement and anticipated errors are analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors as Marketed Anticancer Drugs: Where Are We Now? A Short Survey (2014)

In the early 2000s, the anticancer drug imatinib (Glivec®) appeared on the market, exhibiting a new mode of action by selective kinase inhibition. Consequently, kinases became a validated therapeutic target, paving the way for further developments. Although these kinases have been thoroughly studied, none of the compounds commercialized since then target cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Following a recent and detailed review on the subject by Galons et al., we concentrate our attention on an updated list of compounds under clinical evaluation (phase I/II/III) and discuss their mode of action as ATP-competitive inhibitors. CDK inhibition profiles and clinical development stages are reported for the 14 compounds under clinical evaluation. Also, tentative progress for forthcoming potential ATP non-competitive inhibitors and allosteric inhibitors are briefly described, along with their limitations.