gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast food diet mouse: novel small animal model of NASH with ballooning, progressive fibrosis, and high physiological fidelity to the human condition (2011)

Although there are small animal platforms that recapitulate some of the histological features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, there are no small animal models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with consistent hepatocellular ballooning and progressive fibrosis that also exhibit fidelity to the human condition physiologically. We examined the metabolic and histological effects of a diet on the basis of the composition of "fast food" (high saturated fats, cholesterol, and fructose). Mice (n = 8 in each group) were assigned to diets as follows: 1) standard chow (SC), i.e., 13% energy as fat [1% saturated fatty acids (SFA)], 2) high fat (HF), i.e., 60% energy as fat (1% SFA), and 3) fast food (FF), i.e., 40% energy as fat (12% SFA, 2% cholesterol). All three diets were supplemented with high fructose. All diets produced obesity. The HF and FF diets produced insulin resistance. Liver histology was normal in animals fed the SC diet. Steatohepatitis with pronounced ballooning and progressive fibrosis (stage 2) was observed in mice fed the FF diet. Although the HF diet produced obesity, insulin resistance, and some steatosis; inflammation was minimal, and there was no increase in fibrosis. The FF diet produced a gene expression signature of increased fibrosis, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipoapoptosis. A diet based on high cholesterol, high saturated fat, and high fructose recapitulates features of the metabolic syndrome and NASH with progressive fibrosis. This represents a novel small animal model of fibrosing NASH with high fidelity to the human condition. These results highlight the contribution of dietary composition to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and NASH.
CAWRM: A remote mirroring system based on AoDI volume (2011)

Nowadays, data reliability and availability are big challenges that the designers of large data centers have to face. Remote mirroring technology is an effective approach for data protection. It maintains a complete copy of primary site at geographically distant locations. Data consistency is the key point of the replication process in the remote mirroring system. This paper improves the consistency strategy of traditional remote mirroring architectures from three aspects: initial synchronization, real-time replication logic and resumption from network failure with the help of a novel logical volume, AoDI. AoDI is an Allocation-On-Demand Incremental volume. It uses an appending storage structure to provide the ability of space allocation on demand and fast snapshot. This paper presents two remote mirroring architectures based on AoDI volume. One architecture incorporates the remote mirroring logic with the AoDI structure loosely. It provides a way to construct block-level heterogeneous remote mirroring system and improves random write performance remarkably. Another architecture combines the remote mirroring logic with the AoDI structure tightly. Besides the advantages of the loosely coupled architecture, the tightly coupled architecture simplifies remote mirroring logic significantly. The remote backup process separates from normal write process completely. The remote mirroring module simply copy data sequentially from the local volume (an AoDI volume) to backup site repeatedly, so we call this architecture CAWRM (Copy After Write Remote Mirroring).
Accumulation of genetic changes is associated with poor prognosis in grade II astrocytomas. (1997)

Unexpectedly aggressive clinical course of some grade II astrocytomas is a diagnostic dilemma for routine histopathology. Because increasing tumor malignancy is a consequence of progressive accumulation of chromosomal alterations, we investigated whether aggressive behavior of grade II astrocytomas could be predicted by the number and type of gross chromosomal aberrations. We used comparative genomic hybridization to analyze 11 grade II astrocytomas with typical (good, n = 7) or poor (n = 4) prognosis. The results were also compared with a reference material of 13 grade III-IV astrocytomas and nine established cell lines. We found a median of two aberrations (range 0 to 4) in tumors with good prognosis and of 15.5 changes (range 8 to 28) in tumors with poor prognosis. Chromosomal gains were present in both groups, whereas chromosomal losses were frequent in tumors with poor prognosis (median 9.5, range 3 to 14) but rare in tumors with good prognosis (range 0 to 2). All chromosomal gains were also found in the high-grade astrocytoma group and the majority of them in cell lines. Chromosomal losses in grade II astrocytomas with poor prognosis were very similar to those in grade III-IV astrocytomas and cell lines. We conclude that an early accumulation of genetic changes in grade II astrocytomas is closely associated with poor patient prognosis, suggesting diagnostic use for comparative genomic hybridization in characterization of grade II astrocytomas.
Methionine catabolism in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2006)

The catabolism of methionine to methionol and methanethiol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied using (13)C NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, enzyme assays and a number of mutants. Methionine is first transaminated to alpha-keto-gamma-(methylthio)butyrate. Methionol is formed by a decarboxylation reaction, which yields methional, followed by reduction. The decarboxylation is effected specifically by Ydr380wp. Methanethiol is formed from both methionine and alpha-keto-gamma-(methylthio)butyrate by a demethiolase activity. In all except one strain examined, demethiolase was induced by the presence of methionine in the growth medium. This pathway results in the production of alpha-ketobutyrate, a carbon skeleton, which can be re-utilized. Hence, methionine catabolism is more complex and economical than the other amino acid catabolic pathways in yeast, which use the Ehrlich pathway and result solely in the formation of a fusel alcohol.
Standardization of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Testing in the Setting of Clinical Laboratory Consolidation (2001)

When hospitals merge, the clinical lab- oratories are frequently integrated. The im- petus for this is often to provide a single test result to physicians across the consolidated system rather than different results with different performance characteristics and reference intervals. A further objective may be cost reduction from testing the combined volume of a test in a single system. In this study, we describe our experi- ence with standardization of CEA testing from 2 clinical laboratories. We show that implementing changes in a proactive manner allows improvement in laboratory management while protecting the impor- tant aspects of laboratory quality.
Stress exacerbates neuron loss and cytoskeletal pathology in the hippocampus (1994)

Glucocorticoids (GCs), the adrenal steroids secreted during stress, endanger the hippocampus, compromising its ability to survive neurological insults. GCs probably do so by disrupting energetics in the hippocampus, thus impairing its ability to contain damaging fluxes of excitatory amino acids and calcium. Superficially, these observations suggest that stress itself should also exacerbate the toxicity of neurological insults. However, most studies have involved unphysiologic GC manipulations, limiting speculations about the endangering effects of stress. In this study, rats were infused with the excitotoxin kainic acid (KA) after either having been adrenalectomized and replaced with a range of physiologic concentrations of GCs, or having been stressed intermittently. We observed that within the CA3 region, increasing CORT concentrations exacerbated the KA-induced neuron loss, the extent of tau immunoreactivity, and of spectrin proteolysis. The transitions from low to high basal GC concentrations and from high basal to stress GC values were both associated with significant exacerbation of neuron loss and tau immunoreactivity; the extent of spectrin proteolysis was less sensitive to increments in GCs. As would be expected from these data, exposure to intermittent stress prior to KA infusion also exacerbated neuron loss, tau immunoreactivity, and spectrin proteolysis in CA3. Thus, physiological elevations of GCs, and stress itself, can exacerbate hippocampal neuron loss and the attendant degenerative markers following an excitotoxic insult. Of significance, seizure and hypoxia-ischemia provoke considerable GC stress responses, which may thus worsen the resultant damage. Furthermore, a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as aging, are associated with elevated basal GC concentrations, which may endanger the hippocampus in the event of neurological insult.
How Phytohormone Iaa and Chelator Edta Affect Lead Uptake by ZN/CD Hyperaccumulator<i>Picris Divaricata</i> (2011)

In this paper, the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and/or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on lead uptake by a Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Picris divaricata were studied. P. divaricata responded to Pb by better root system and increased biomass in presence of phytohormone IAA, which was able to reduce the inhibiting effects of Pb on transpiration without reducing the uptake of Pb The application of 100 microM IAA increased plant transpiration rate by about 20% and Pb concentration in leaves by about 37.3% as compared to treatment exposed to Pb alone. The enhanced phytoextraction efficiency could be attributed to the mechanisms played by IAA through alleviating Pb toxicity, creating better root system and plant biomass, promoting a higher transpiration rate as well as regulating the level of nutrient elements. On the contrary, inefficiency of phytoextraction was found with EDTA or the combination of IAA and EDTA probably because most Pb was in the form of Pb-EDTA complex which blocked the uptake by P. divaricata. The present study demonstrated that IAA was able to enhance the phytoextraction of Pb by Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator P. divaricata, providing a feasible method for the phytoremediation of polymetallic contaminated soils.
FPGA-Based Hardware Acceleration of Lithographic Aerial Image Simulation (2009)

Lithography simulation, an essential step in design for manufacturability (DFM), is still far from computationally efficient. Most leading companies use large clusters of server computers to achieve acceptable turn-around time. Thus coprocessor acceleration is very attractive for obtaining increased computational performance with a reduced power consumption. This article describes the implementation of a customized accelerator on FPGA using a polygon-based simulation model. An application-specific memory partitioning scheme is designed to meet the bandwidth requirements for a large number of processing elements. Deep loop pipelining and ping-pong buffer based function block pipelining are also implemented in our design. Initial results show a 15X speedup versus the software implementation running on a microprocessor, and more speedup is expected via further performance tuning. The implementation also leverages state-of-art C-to-RTL synthesis tools. At the same time, we also identify the need for manual architecture-level exploration for parallel implementations. Moreover, we implement the algorithm on NVIDIA GPUs using the CUDA programming environment, and provide some useful comparisons for different kinds of accelerators.
Ambulante Ernährungsberatung für Spitalpatienten (2001)

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture
الانقطاع كحدث كارثي في التصميم الحضري (2009)

يمثل هذا البحث محاولة لدراسة الانقطاع كحدث كارثي في التصميم الحضري اذ تم دراسة الانقطاع في حقول معرفية متعددة كالرياضيات والتخطيط وعلم الطب والجراحة والاحياء . يتناول البحث هذه الظاهرة لغويا واصطلاحيا ،كما يطرح اسسها ومفاهيمها في علم الرياضيات من وجهة نظر نظرية الكارثة ، حيث قام باستعارة هذه النظرية من هذا العلم وبناء برنامج للقياس وتطبيقه على نسيج حضري قديم احيط بنسيج حضري حديث ، تمثل هذا الموقع بقصبة الجزائر. تسم اعداد المخططات المحورية لمنطقة الدراسة العملية للسنوات(1830) و (1846) و (1880) و (1996) و(2001).ودراسة ظاهرة عدم التناظر النسبي التي اعتبرها البحث متغير سلوكي يتاثر بالمتغيرات المسيدلرة التي تمثلت بكل من الارتباطية والسيطرة الموضعية . توصل البحث الى وجود ازدواجية في سلوك النسيج الحضري التقليدي ، حيث تحرك مسار سطح التوازن لهذا النسيج من العزل الى التكامل بتاثير النسيج الحضري الحديث واحاطته لننسيج الحضري القديم. كما توصل البحث الى وجود حدث كارثي في هذا النسيج ومن نوع كارثة القمة القرنية ، حيث حدثت كلرثتين في وذلك في سنتي (()183) و(1880) نتيجة عدم استقرار النظام . اضافت نظرية الكارثة مفردات جديدة للنسيج الحضري تمثلت بانوية التفرد وعدم الاستقرار والتضارب او النزاع التي اثبت البحث ظهورها في النسيج الحضري وهو ما لم يسبق بحثه مسبقا.
When Petrophysics Meets Big Data: What can Machine Do? (2019)

Abstract Petrophysics is a pivotal discipline that bridges engineering and geosciences for reservoir characterization and development. New sensor technologies have enabled real-time streaming of large-volume, multi-scale, and high-dimensional petrophysical data into our databases. Petrophysical data types are extremely diverse, and include numeric curves, arrays, waveforms, images, maps, 3-D volumes, and texts. All data can be indexed with depth (continuous or discrete) or time. Petrophysical data exhibits all the "7V" characteristics of big data, i.e., volume, velocity, variety, variability, veracity, visualization, and value. This paper will give an overview of both theories and applications of machine learning methods as applicable to petrophysical big data analysis. Recent publications indicate that petrophysical data-driven analytics (PDDA) has been emerging as an active sub-discipline of petrophysics. Field examples from the petrophysics literature will be used to illustrate the advantages of machine learning in the following technical areas: (1) Geological facies classification or petrophysical rock typing; (2) Seismic rock properties or rock physics modeling; (3) Petrophysical/geochemical/geomechanical properties prediction; (3) Fast physical modeling of logging tools; (4) Well and reservoir surveillance; (6) Automated data quality control; (7) Pseudo data generation; and (8) Logging or coring operation guidance. The paper will also review the major challenges that need to be overcome before the potentially game-changing value of machine learning for petrophysics discipline can be realized. First, a robust theoretical foundation to support the application of machine leaning to petrophysical interpretation should be established; second, the utility of existing machine learning algorithms must be evaluated and tested in different petrophysical tasks with different data scenarios; third, procedures to control the quality of data used in machine leaning algorithms need to be implemented and the associated uncertainties need to be appropriately addressed. The paper will outlook the future opportunities of enabling advanced data analytics to solve challenging oilfield problems in the era of the 4th industrial revolution (IR4.0).
Structural and mechanical properties of single-wall carbon nanotube fibers (2006)

We report quantitative experimental study correlating the structure and mechanical properties of fibers made from single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). A post-synthesis solvent drawing treatment is used to vary nanotube alignment, whose detailed understanding is a prerequisite for fiber development. Quantitative analysis of nanotube alignment within the fibers with different draw ratios is performed using x-ray scattering. The method is described in detail, and we also show that the improvement of nanotube alignment with draw ratio can be understood within a model of induced orientation at constant volume. Young's modulus and tensile strength increase with nanotube alignment. This is modeled using continuum mechanics in qualitative agreement with experiment, however quantitative differences show that nanotube alignment is not the only parameter controlling the fiber mechanical properties. We suggest that interaction between the SWNTs and PVA chains should also play a significant role.
A distance measuring scheme based on repeated use of PN sequence (2011)

This paper proposes a novel distance measuring scheme based on repeated PN sequence for ultra wide-band vehicle radar systems. The proposed scheme measures the distance between a vehicle and an obstacle based on repeated use of a single short pseudo random sequence. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides a shorter mean distance measuring time while keeping a similar measurement error performance to that of the conventional scheme.
Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Properties of p-Cymene in Mice (2012)

We attempted to identify the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of the monoterpene p-cymene. Firstly, behavioural screening was carried out to verify the influence of p-cymene [25, 50, and 100 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.)] on the central nervous system (CNS) activity. The antinociceptive activity of p-cymene was evaluated by the acetic acid-induced writhing response, formalin, and hot-plate test, respectively. The leukocyte migration induced by injection of carrageenan was used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity. p-Cymene showed depressant activity on CNS after 4 h of treatment and also a possible action on the autonomous nervous system (ANS), mainly at the dose of 100 mg/kg (i.p.). It was found that p-cymene (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the writhing responses induced by acetic acid. p-Cymene also decreased the licking time in the first and second phase, respectively, of the formalin test. The results of the hot-plate test showed that all doses of p-cymene increased significantly the latency time of the response to the thermal stimulus in both licking and jumping parameters. In addition, there was a significantly (p < 0.05) decreased leukocyte migration at all doses of p-cymene. The experimental data demonstrate that p-cymene possesses antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.
The membrane expression of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> adhesin A (NadA) increases the proimmune effects of <i>MenB</i> OMVs on human macrophages, compared with NadA– OMVs, without further stimulating their proinflammatory activity on circulating monocytes (2009)

Hypervirulent MenB causing fatal human infections frequently display the oligomeric-coiled coil adhesin NadA, a 45-kDa intrinsic outer membrane protein implicated in binding to and invasion of respiratory epithelial cells. A recombinant soluble mutant lacking the 10-kDa COOH terminal membrane domain (NadA(Delta351-405)) also activates human monocytes/macrophages/DCs. As NadA is physiologically released during sepsis as part of OMVs, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that NadA(+) OMVs have an enhanced or modified proinflammatory/proimmune action compared with NadA(-) OMVs. To do this we investigated the activity of purified free NadA(Delta351-405) and of OMVs from MenB and Escherichia coli strains, expressing or not full-length NadA. NadA(Delta351-405) stimulated monocytes and macrophages to secrete cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-10) and chemokines (IL-8, MIP-1alpha, MCP-1, RANTES), and full-length NadA improved MenB OMV activity, preferentially on macrophages, and only increased cytokine release. NadA(Delta351-405) induced the lymphocyte costimulant CD80 in monocytes and macrophages, and NadA(+) OMVs induced a wider set of molecules supporting antigen presentation (CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, and ICAM-1) more efficiently than NadA(-) OMVs only in macrophages. Moreover, membrane NadA effects, unlike NadA(Delta351-405) ones, were much less IFN-gamma-sensitive. The activity of NadA-positive E. coli OMVs was similar to that of control OMVs. NadA in MenB OMVs acted at adhesin concentrations approximately 10(6) times lower than those required to stimulate cells with free NadA(Delta351-405).
A note on using continuity to extend HF radar surface‐current measurements (1981)

We demonstrate the use of the equation of continuity to extend the HF radar surface current measurements across the baseline of two radars and in regions where only single radar coverage is available.
Progress and Challenges in Selected Areas of Tobacco Carcinogenesis (2007)

Tobacco use continues to be a major cause of cancer in the developed world, and despite significant progress in this country in tobacco control, which is driving a decrease in cancer mortality, there are still over 1 billion smokers in the world. This perspective discusses some selected issues in tobacco carcinogenesis focusing on progress during the 20 years of publication of Chemical Research in Toxicology. The topics covered include metabolism and DNA modification by tobacco-specific nitrosamines, tobacco carcinogen biomarkers, an unidentified DNA ethylating agent in cigarette smoke, mutations in the K-RAS and p53 gene in tobacco-induced lung cancer and their possible relationship to specific carcinogens, secondhand smoke and lung cancer, emerging issues in smokeless tobacco use, and a conceptual model for understanding tobacco carcinogenesis. It is hoped that a better understanding of mechanisms of tobacco-induced cancer will lead to new and useful approaches for the prevention of lung cancer and other cancers caused by tobacco use.
Biology of Plant Rhabdoviruses (2005)

The Rhabdoviridae, whose members collectively infect invertebrates, animals, and plants, form a large family that has important consequences for human health, agriculture, and wildlife ecology. Plant rhabdoviruses can be separated into the genera Cytorhabdovirus and Nucleorhabdovirus, based on their sites of replication and morphogenesis. This review presents a general overview of classical and contemporary findings about rhabdovirus ecology, pathology, vector relations, and taxonomy. The genome organization and structure of several recently sequenced nucleorhabdoviruses and cytorhabdoviruses is integrated with new cell biology findings to provide a model for the replication of the two genera. A prospectus outlines the exciting opportunities for future research that will contribute to a more detailed understanding of the biology, biochemistry, replication and host interactions of the plant rhabdoviruses.
OCRA: a concise index for the assessment of exposure to repetitive movements of the upper limbs (1998)

In the light of data and speculation contained in the literature, and based on procedures illustrated in a previous research project in which the author described and evaluated occupational risk factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs (WMSDs), this paper proposes a method for calculating a concise index of exposure to repetitive movements of the upper limbs. The proposal, which still has to be substantiated and validated by further studies and applications, is conceptually based on the procedure recommended by the NIOSH for calculating the Lifting Index in manual load handling activities. The concise exposure index (OCRA index) in this case is based on the relationship between the daily number of actions actually performed by the upper limbs in repetitive tasks, and the corresponding number of recommended actions. The latter are calculated on the basis of a constant (30 actions per minute), which represents the action frequency factor; it is valid--hypothetically--under so-called optimal conditions; the constant is diminished case by case (using appropriate factors) as a function of the presence and characteristics of the other risk factors (force, posture, additional elements, recovery periods). Although still experimental, the exposure index can be used to obtain an integrated and concise assessment of the various risk factors analysed and to classify occupational scenarios featuring significant and diversified exposure to such risk factors.