gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson's disease: Non‐<scp>L</scp>‐dopa–responsive problems dominate at 15 years (2004)

One-third of the 149 people recruited 15 to 18 years ago in the Sydney Multicenter Study of Parkinson's disease have survived. The original study compared low-dose levodopa with low-dose bromocriptine. We now report the problems experienced by people who survive 15 years from diagnosis. The standardized mortality ratio is significantly elevated at 1.86 and is not significantly different between treatment arms. Falls occur in 81% of patients, and 23% sustained fractures. Cognitive decline is present in 84%, and 48% fulfill the criteria for dementia. Hallucinations and depression are experienced by 50%. Choking has occurred in 50%, symptomatic postural hypotension in 35%, and urinary incontinence in 41%. No patient is still employed, and 40% of patients live in aged care facilities. Although approximately 95% have experienced L-dopa-induced dyskinesia/dystonia and end of dose failure of medication, in the majority, these symptoms are not disabling. Dyskinesia and dystonia were delayed by early use of bromocriptine, but end-of-dose failure appeared at a similar time once L-dopa was added. The rate of disease progression is similar in both arms of the study. We conclude that the most disabling long-term problems of Parkinson's disease relate to the emergence of symptoms that are not improved by L-dopa. Neuroprotective interventions in Parkinson's disease should be judged by their ability to improve non-L-dopa-responsive aspects of the disease, rather than just by their capacity to delay the introduction of L-dopa or reduce its associated side effects.
Analysis of down's syndrome screening and antenatal diagnosis of 3195 cases in the middle period of pregnancy (2005)

[Objective] To explore the practical value of Down's screening in the middle period pregnancy in detecting chromosomal disease and congenital birth defect and predicting the outcome of pregnancy. [Methods] Serum AFP and free-β-HCG level of pregnant women(14~20+6 weeks) were detected by time-distinguished fluorescence immunoassay. Down's syndrome risk value was calculated with Multicalc software, its cut-off value was 1:250. The pregnant women whose value are higher than or equal to 1:250 would be at high risk and need to have the cordocentesis for fetal karyotype after 18 weeks. [Results] 3195 pregnant women accepted antenatal screening, 232 cases of them were detected at high risk, and positive rate was 7.3%,including 169 cases of high risk with Down's syndrome(fasle positive rate 5.2%). Fetal karyotypes of 147 cases diagnosed by the cordocentesis, 19 cases with fetal abnormal chromosome, the detectable rate was 12.9%,including three cases of Down's syndrome, a case of 18-trisome and a case of X-trisome. There is signification different in the rate of the abnormal outcome of pregnant women and fetuses in two groups of high risk and low risk of Down's syndrome (30.2% and 12.3% respectively, P 0.05). [Conclusion] The serum AFP and free-β-HCG level of pregnant women during second-trimester were effective indexes to screen abnormal fetus and predict outcome of pregnancy and fetus, which would be a practical method of preventing congenital defect.
Microchannel Flow with Patchwise and Periodic Surface Heterogeneity (2002)

Surface heterogeneity is present in a variety of electrokinetic transport phenomena. It is desirable to understand the synergetic effects of the electrical double layer field and the surface heterogeneity on electrokinetic flow in microchannels. In this paper, a 3D, finite element based, numerical model for pressure-driven flow through microchannels with an arbitrary but periodic patchwise heterogeneous surface pattern has been developed. The model is based on a simultaneous solution to the Nernst−Planck, Poisson, and Navier−Stokes equations to determine the local ionic concentration, the double layer distribution, and the flow field. The presence of a heterogeneous patch is shown to induce flow in all three coordinate directions, including a circulation pattern perpendicular to the main flow axis. The strength of this circulation region is found to be proportional to Reynolds number and double layer thickness. While at low Reynolds number (i.e., Re < 1) the double layer distribution is diffusion dominated, significant convective effects are observed at higher Reynolds number leading to a deviation from the classical Poisson−Boltzmann distribution. The combined effect of the 3D flow field and disturbed double layer region on measurable quantities such as the streaming potential is discussed.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: pattern of skeletal metastases (1990)

The records of 153 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with skeletal metastases were reviewed. The skeletal system was the most common site of distant metastases. The patients who developed skeletal metastases were significantly younger than those without skeletal metastases, although there was no difference between sexes. The pattern of skeletal involvement conforms to the general pattern, the spine and pelvis being the common sites. The first region of involvement was lumbar spine (28.4%), then dorsal spine (27.7%), sacrum and pelvis (16.3%), femur (9.9%), rib and sternum (7.8%), humerus (5.0%), cervical spine (3.5%) and skull vault (1.4%). Radiologically, the lesions were lytic in 66.0%, mixed lytic and sclerotic in 12.8% and sclerotic in 21.2%. The time to development of symptomatic skeletal metastases of mixed or sclerotic nature was significantly longer than lytic lesions, and patients with mixed or sclerotic metastases also had better survival.
Activin A/BMP2 chimera AB235 drives efficient redifferentiation of long term cultured autologous chondrocytes (2015)

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) depends on the quality and quantity of implanted cells and is hindered by the fact that chondrocytes cultured for long periods of time undergo dedifferentiation. Here we have developed a reproducible and efficient chondrogenic protocol to redifferentiate chondrocytes isolated from osteoarthritis (OA) patients. We used morphological, histological and immunological analysis together with a RT-PCR detection of collagen I and collagen II gene expression to show that chondrocytes isolated from articular cartilage biopsies of patients and subjected to long-term culture undergo dedifferentiation and that these cells can be redifferentiated following treatment with the chimeric Activin A/BMP2 ligand AB235. Examination of AB235-treated cell pellets in both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that redifferentiated chondrocytes synthesized a cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM), primarily consisting of vertically-orientated collagen fibres and cartilage-specific proteoglycans. AB235-treated cell pellets also integrated into the surrounding subcutaneous tissue following transplantation in mice as demonstrated by their dramatic increase in size while non-treated control pellets disintegrated upon transplantation. Thus, our findings describe an effective protocol for the promotion of redifferentiation of autologous chondrocytes obtained from OA patients and the formation of a cartilage-like ECM that can integrate into the surrounding tissue in vivo.
Metabolism of ricinoleic acid into Î³-decalactone: Î²-oxidation and long chain acyl intermediates of ricinoleic acid in the genus<i>Sporidiobolus</i>sp. (2000)

In order to study differences in gamma-decalactone production in yeast, four species of Sporidiobolus were cultivated with 5% of methyl ricinoleate as the lactone substrate. In vivo studies showed different time courses of intermediates of ricinoleic acid breakdown between the four species. In vitro studies of the beta-oxidation system were conducted with crude cell extracts of Sporidiobolus spp. and with ricinoleyl-CoA (RCoA) as substrate. The beta-oxidation was detected by measuring acyl-CoA oxidase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities, and acetyl-CoA production. The time courses of the CoA esters resulting from RCoA breakdown by crude extract of Sporidiobolus spp. permit the proposal of different metabolic models in the yeast. These models explained the differences observed during in vivo studies.
Application of iron-base powder compacts to cores of diamond rotary dressers (I) (1984)

When a core material such as mild steel is used in the powder matallurgical process of making diamond rotary dressers, the welding strength between the core and the infiltrated tungsten powder, which cements the diamond grits, is a matter of great importance. The authors made an experiment searching for a good material which shows a high welding strength to the infiltrated tungsten powder. It was found that a Fe-Cu-C powder mixture and the sintered porous compact of such powder mixture will be a good material if they are used as a core in the powder metallurgical process of making diamond rotary dressers.
Cannabidiol promotes apoptosis via regulation of XIAP/Smac in gastric cancer (2019)

According to recent studies, Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the main components of Cannabis sativa, has anticancer effects in several cancers. However, the exact mechanism of CBD action is not currently understood. Here, CBD promoted cell death in gastric cancer. We suggest that CBD induced apoptosis by suppressing X-linked inhibitor apoptosis (XIAP), a member of the IAP protein family. CBD reduced XIAP protein levels while increasing ubiquitination of XIAP. The expression of Smac, a known inhibitor of XIAP, was found to be elevated during CBD treatment. Moreover, CBD treatment increased the interaction between XIAP and Smac by increasing Smac release from mitochondria to the cytosol. CBD has also been shown to affect mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, these results suggest that CBD may have potential as a new therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
A Modified Carbonate-Phosphotungstate Method for the Determination of Uric Acid and Comparison with the Spectrophotometric Uricase Method (1957)

Journal Article A Modified Carbonate-Phosphotungstate Method for the Determination of Uric Acid and Comparison with the Spectrophotometric Uricase Method Get access Richard J. Henry, M.D., Richard J. Henry, M.D. Bio-Science Laboratories, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Charles Sobel, B.S., Charles Sobel, B.S. Bio-Science Laboratories, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jeffrey Kim, B.S. Jeffrey Kim, B.S. Bio-Science Laboratories, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 28, Issue 2, 1 August 1957, Pages 152–160, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.2.152 Published: 01 August 1957 Article history Received: 04 February 1957 Accepted: 01 April 1957 Published: 01 August 1957
Effective and Eco-Efficient Pipe Inspection in Heavy Mud Environment Using Induced Electro-Magnetic Measurement (EMDS) (2011)

Abstract Well AA was spud on December 2008 and drilled to 16,432 ft (side track-2) in the Eocene formation. In 6" hole, 5" liner was set from 15,498 ft – 16,426 ft. During circulation prior to cementing job, the circulation ceased due to plugging and the circulation had to be aborted. In order to find out the reason for plugging cement evaluation log was carried out, which showed strong barite settling behind bottom section of 5" liner. After extending 7" liner to surface, 92 ft (selective) of Sakesar / Nammal & Patala formations were perforated. While homogenizing mud, gas cut was observed, subsequently mud weight was increase to 17.1 ppg. 7" permanent packer with 2-7/8" tail (207’ long) was set at 15,424 ft. Well was completed with 3 ½" tubing along with gauge adaptor and PTSV. 15K Flow head was installed on April 2010. Coiled tubing was run and 17.1 ppg mud in tubing was displaced with 12 ppg to 7,500 ft, observed no flow. Lowered CT down to 10,000 ft and hole volume was displaced with 9 ppg gel when the well started to flow strong gas. The onsite compositional analysis showed 7% H2S. In order to meet the critical differential on 7" casing below the packer, the choke was reduced to 6/64" (WHP 5000-5150 Psi). CT was pulled out of hole. The well was S/I and the WHSIP increased to 10,162 psi. In view of high shut in pressure and the presence of high H2S concentration it was deemed prudent to discontinue the test. Therefore the well was shut-in from down hole PTSV. The tubing string above the PTSV was displaced with 18.2 ppg mud using CT. The tubing along with DGA was pulled out (Max BHP 13,102 Psi and Max BHT 308 °F at 15324 ft). After milling permanent packer, homogenized 18.2 ppg mud against perforations. 5" bridge plug was set at 15,632 ft, capped with cement plug (top of cement at 15136 ft). RIH 3 ½" open ended tubing to 13,158 ft. N/D BOP and N/Up X-Mas tree. Well temporarily suspended and rig released on May 2010. On March 2011 the company decided to bring work over rig to re-complete the well with a new completion string. The integrity of the liner and casing was in question. Some pressure build up was also monitored in annulus between casings. Pipe inspection was needed to evaluate integrity of the liner and casing. The need to monitor the condition of second pipe behind first pipe filled with heavy mud weight (17.2 ppg), eliminated the option of using standard acoustic pipe inspection tool.
Growth of Nematodes in Defined Medium Containing Hemin and Supplemented With Commercially Available Proteins (1970)

It has been shown that several free-living nematodes, the insect parasite Neoaplectana carpocapsae, and the plant parasite Aphelenchus avenae, will grow and reproduce in axenic culture in defined medium containing hemin and supplemented with γ-globulin. In addition, other commercially available proteins were tested with Caenorhabditis briggsae and A. avenae. Activity was less than that of liver growth factor. Proper precipitation of the protein was important in determining the effectiveness of the supplements for C. briggsae. Hemin added to growth factor had no stimulatory effect. These results extend the range of proteins suitable as supplements for growing nematodes.
Membrane sparger in bubble column, airlift, and combined membrane–ring sparger bioreactors (1999)

The bubble column and the two internal loop airlift reactors (riser/downcomer area ratios of 0.11 and 0.58) characterized in this study were equipped with a rubber membrane sparger, which produced small bubbles, giving high mass transfer coefficients. The low mixing intensity in the bubble column was increased by an order of magnitude in the airlift reactors. We designed a novel aeration and mixing system by adding a ring sparger to the membrane sparger in the bubble column and maintained the advantages of both airlift configuration (good mixing properties) and bubble column configuration (efficient aeration, without any internal constructions). The combined membrane-ring sparger system has unique features with respect to the efficiency of utilization of substrate gasses and energy. Model experiments showed that the small bubbles from the membrane sparger do not coalesce with the large bubbles from the ring sparger. If different gases were added through the two spargers it was possible to transfer a hazardous or expensive gas quantitatively to the liquid through the membrane sparger (dual sparging mode). In the combined membrane-ring sparger system the energy input for mixing and mass transfer is divided. Therefore, the energy consumption can be minimized if the flow distribution of air through the membrane and ring sparger is controlled by the oxygen demand and the inhomogeneity of the culture, respectively (split sparging mode). The dual sparging mode was used for mass production of the alga Rhodomonas sp. as the first step in aquatic food chains. Avoiding mechanical parts removes an important risk of malfunction, and a continuous culture could be maintained for more than 8 months. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fake Job Detection and Analysis Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms (2021)

With the pandemic situation, there is a strong rise in the number of online jobs posted on the internet in various job portals. But some of the jobs being posted online are actually fake jobs which lead to a theft of personal information and vital information. Thus, these fake jobs can be precisely detected and classified from a pool of job posts of both fake and real jobs by using advanced deep learning as well as machine learning classification algorithms. In this paper, machine learning and deep learning algorithms are used so as to detect fake jobs and to differentiate them from real jobs. The data analysis part and data cleaning part are also proposed in this paper, so that the classification algorithm applied is highly precise and accurate. It has to be noted that the data cleaning step is a very important step in machine learning project because it actually determines the accuracy of the machine learning as well as deep learning algorithms. Hence a great importance is emphasized on data cleaning and pre-processing step in this paper. The classification and detection of fake jobs can be done with high accuracy and high precision. Hence the machine learning and deep learning algorithms have to be applied on cleaned and pre-processed data in order to achieve a better accuracy. Further, deep learning neural networks are used so as to achieve higher accuracy. Finally all these classification models are compared with each other to find the classification algorithm with highest accuracy and precision.
Stability of Selective Grey Obtainable by Use of Subtractive Colour Dyes (1972)

The optimum combinations of cyan, magenta, and yellow dyes in present-day subtractive colour photography have been investigated by means of a computer simulation method. The investigations have been carried out from the viewpoints of the stability of Selective greys against the illumination metamerism and also against the small changes of dye amounts.
The Use of Collagen Membranes to Guide Regeneration of New Connective Tissue Attachment in Dogs (1988)

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of collagen membrane placement in excluding gingival epithelium and connective tissue cells and guiding new attachment in surgical treatment of created defects in dogs. Sixty defects were chosen at random and balanced in regard to receiving the following treatments: 1) untreated control, 2) debrided control, and 3) collagen membrane placement over the defect (along the root surface and under the replaced flap). Histologic and histometric evaluation at 2-12 weeks post-operatively determined the healing responses of each treatment modality. Epithelium migration with no new attachment occurred in the untreated and debrided areas. Collagen membrane placement was effective in inhibiting epithelial migration and encouraging formation of new connective tissue attachment to root surface previously altered by plaque.
Identification of the Orphan G Protein-coupled Receptor GPR31 as a Receptor for 12-(S)-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid (2011)

Hydroxy fatty acids are critical lipid mediators involved in various pathophysiologic functions. We cloned and identified GPR31, a plasma membrane orphan G protein-coupled receptor that displays high affinity for the human 12-lipoxygenase-derived product 12-(S)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). Thus, GPR31 is named 12-(S)-HETE receptor (12-HETER) in this study. The cloned 12-HETER demonstrated high affinity binding for 12-(S)-[(3)H]HETE (K(d) = 4.8 ± 0.12 nm). Also, 12-(S)-HETE efficiently and selectively stimulated GTPγS coupling in the membranes of 12-HETER-transfected cells (EC(50) = 0.28 ± 1.26 nm). Activating GTPγS coupling with 12-(S)-HETE proved to be both regio- and stereospecific. Also, 12-(S)-HETE/12-HETER interactions lead to activation of ERK1/2, MEK, and NFκB. Moreover, knocking down 12-HRTER specifically inhibited 12-(S)-HETE-stimulated cell invasion. Thus, 12-HETER represents the first identified high affinity receptor for the 12-(S)-HETE hydroxyl fatty acids.
Simultaneous 3-D motion estimation and wire-frame model adaptation including photometric effects for knowledge-based video coding (2002)

We address the problem of 3-D motion estimation in the context of knowledge-based coding of facial image sequences. The proposed method handles the global and local motion estimation and the adaptation of a generic wire-frame to a particular speaker simultaneously within an optical flow based framework including the photometric effects of motion. We use a flexible wire-frame model whose local structure is characterized by the normal vectors of the patches which are related to the coordinates of the nodes. Geometrical constraints that describe the propagation of the movement of the nodes are introduced, which are then efficiently utilized to reduce the number of independent structure parameters. A stochastic relaxation algorithm has been used to determine optimum global motion estimates and the parameters describing the structure of the wire-frame model. For the initialization of the motion and structure parameters, a modified feature based algorithm is used. Experimental results with simulated facial image sequences are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vanadium-Catalyzed Selective Oxidative Homocoupling of Alkenyl Phenols To Synthesize Lignan Analogs (2019)

The oxidative homocoupling of <i>para</i>-alkenyl phenols and subsequent trapping of the resulting quinone methide with a variety of oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles was achieved. Both β-β and β-O coupling isomers can be synthesized via either C-C coupling and two nucleophilic additions of one water molecule (β-β isomer) or C-O coupling followed by one nucleophilic addition of a water molecule (β-O isomer), respectively. Selectivity between these outcomes was achieved by leveraging understanding of the mechanism. Specifically, a qualitative predictive model for the selectivity of the coupling was formulated based on catalyst electronics, solvent polarity, and concentration.
Scoring Constructed Responses Using Expert Systems (1990)

The use of constructed‐response items in large scale standardized testing has been hampered by the costs and difficulties associated with obtaining reliable scores. The advent of expert systems may signal the eventual removal of this impediment. This study investigated the accuracy with which expert systems could score a new, nonmultiple‐choice item type. The item type presents a faulty solution to a computer programming problem and asks the student to correct the solution. This item type was administered to a sample of high school seniors enrolled in an Advanced Placement course in Computer Science who also took the Advanced Placement Computer Science (APCS) examination. Results indicated that the expert systems were able to produce scores for between 82% and 95% of the solutions encountered and to display high agreement with a human reader on the correctness of the solutions. Diagnoses of the specific errors produced by students were less accurate. Correlations with scores on the objective and free‐response sections of the APCS examination were moderate. Implications for additional research and for testing practice are offered.