gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age‐dependent effects of chronic stress on brain plasticity and depressive behavior (2008)

Exposure to chronic mild stress (CMS) is known to induce anhedonia in adult animals, and is associated with induction of depression in humans. However, the behavioral effects of CMS in young animals have not yet been characterized, and little is known about the long-term neurochemical effects of CMS in either young or adult animals. Here, we found that CMS induces anhedonia in adult but not in young animals, as measured by a set of behavioral paradigms. Furthermore, while CMS decreased neurogenesis and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of adult animals, it increased these parameters in young animals. We also found that CMS altered alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) receptor GluR1 subunit levels in the hippocampus and the nucleus accumbens of adult, but not young animals. Finally, no significant differences were observed between the effects of CMS on circadian corticosterone levels in the different age groups. The substantially different neurochemical effects chronic stress exerts in young and adult animals may explain the behavioral resilience to such stress young animals possess.
A modified diagonal mesh interconnection network (2014)

Mesh and its variants are most simple and popular interconnection networks in the research community. Based on the 2D diagonal mesh a new interconnection topology called a modified diagonal mesh interconnection network (MDMIN) has been proposed. The proposed topology performs better than the simple 2D Mesh and diagonal (toroidal) mesh interconnection networks and also overcomes its drawbacks.
Chronological changes in the cell cycle of chick neuroepithelial cells (1973)

ABSTRACT Radioautographic data obtained from a total of 103 chick embryos injected with [3H]thymidine suggest that the generation time of neuroepithelial cells in dorsolateral regions of the optic tectum increases from approximately 8 h at 3 days of incubation to 15 h at 6 days of incubation. The most marked change occurs between the 4th and 5th day, when the generation time increases from 9 to 13 h, respectively. Between the 3rd and 6th day of incubation the length of the DNA-synthetic (S) period and of the premitotic (G2) period remains fairly constant; however, the duration of mitosis (M) and of the postmitotic (GJ period appears to be prolonged.
HaptoClone (Haptic-Optical Clone) for Mutual Tele-Environment by Real-time 3D Image Transfer with Midair Force Feedback (2016)

In this paper, we propose a novel interactive system that mutually copies adjacent 3D environments optically and physically. The system realizes mutual user interactions through haptics without wearing any devices. A realistic volumetric image is displayed using a pair of micro-mirror array plates (MMAPs). The MMAP transmissively reflects the rays from an object, and a pair of them reconstructs the floating aerial image of the object. Our system can optically copy adjacent environments based on this technology. Haptic feedback is also given by using an airborne ultrasound tactile display (AUTD). Converged ultrasound can give force feedback in midair. Based on the optical characteristics of the MMAPs, the cloned image and the user share an identical coordinate system. When a user touches the transferred clone image, the system gives force feedback so that the user can feel the mechanical contact and reality of the floating image.
Multiplexed Gene Expression Analysis Using the Invader RNA Assay with MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Detection (2002)

A mass spectrometric approach for measuring gene expression levels has been developed. This technique utilizes a signal amplification system and analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Signal amplification from the targeted RNA employs a recently developed invasive cleavage assay that does not require prior PCR amplification. The assay uses a set of target-specific probes (oligonucleotides), which hybridize to the RNA being measured to create an overlap structure with a single-stranded flap. This flap is enzymatically cleaved and accumulates linearly in a target-specific manner. The products of the reaction, short DNA oligomers, are well suited for quantitative detection by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Multiplexing is achieved by designing the assays so that reaction products for different mRNA targets have discrete masses that can be resolved in a single mass spectrum. Simultaneous analysis of human cytokine in vitro transcripts IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, with GAPDH as a reference standard, was used as a model system to demonstrate this novel method of gene expression analysis.
Painful peripheral states and sympathetic blocks. (1978)

In various chronic painful states, the sympathetic nerve supply was blocked either by injecting the sympathetic chain and ganglia with local anaesthesia or by the injection of guanethidine during occlusion of the circulation. There was a striking relation between the presence of hyperpathia and the relief of pain by the blocks. The sympathetic block was unlikely to relieve the pain unless hyperpathia accompanied the pain; when hyperpathia was present, a sympathetic block relieved both the constant pain and the hyperpathia. The effectiveness of the guanethidine blocks shows that the pain and the hyperpathia are maintained by the emission of noradrenaline in the periphery. The facts related to the sympathetic system and sensibility are discussed.
Spontaneous activation of the first component of human complement (C1) by an intramolecular autocatalytic mechanism. (1982)

For biochemical characterization, the first component of human complement (C1) was reconstituted from physiologic concentrations of purified C1q, 125I C1r, and 131I C1s. Upon incubation at 37 degrees C, C1 spontaneously activated, as evidenced by the characteristic proteolysis of the C1r and C1s polypeptide chains as detected by SDS-PAGE analysis. This spontaneous C1 activation followed first-order kinetics (t 1/2 = 4 min and k = 0.173 min-1) with an activation energy of 19.1 kcal/mol. Spontaneous C1 activation was unaffected by the general protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF) but reversibly blocked by a known inhibitor of C1 activation, nitrophenylguanidinobenzoate (NPGB). Spontaneous C1 activation was measured at C1 concentrations ranging from 9 to 160 nM (i.e., 0.05 to 1.0 times physiologic concentrations). The data indicate that C1 spontaneously activates by an intramolecular autocatalytic mechanism, for first-order kinetics were observed over the entire concentration range with t 1/2 = 4 min at each concentration. However, the percentage of activable C1 decreased with dilution due to C1 dissociation (i.e., C1qr2s2 leads to C1q + C1r2s2). The observed concentration of C1 that spontaneously activated at each dilution equalled the concentration of C1 present as macromolecular C1. When reconstituted C1 was mixed with normal human serum (NHS) and then incubated at 37 degrees C, spontaneous C1 activation was completely inhibited. Pretreating NHS at 56 degrees C for 30 min destroyed its inhibitory activity. In conclusion, C1 spontaneously autoactivates at 37 degrees C by an intramolecular mechanism. This activation is suppressed in NHS.
Glucosyltransferase gene polymorphism among Streptococcus mutans strains (1991)

Genetic polymorphisms in genes coding for the glucosyltransferases were detected among Streptococcus mutans serotype c strains by Southern blot analysis with DNA probes located within the gtfB gene (H. Aoki, T. Shiroza, M. Hayakawa, S. Sato, and H. K. Kuramitsu, Infect. Immun. 53:587-594, 1986). Restriction endonucleases were used to examine genomic DNAs isolated from serotype a to h strains. The variations were readily detected among 33 strains of serotype c by EcoRI and PstI restriction enzyme digestions. Serotypes e and f, which are genetically similar to serotype c, also had comparable polymorphism; however, serotypes a, b, d, g, and h did not hybridize to the same DNA probes in parallel experiments. Further analysis of enzymatic activities for glucan synthesis and sucrose-dependent adherence revealed no significant differences among the serotype c strains. Our results suggested that genetic polymorphisms existing in S. mutans serotype c strains may reflect a complexity in genes coding for the glucosyltransferases, which are produced ubiquitously in members of the S. mutans group.
Positioning of InAs quantum dots on sub-250 nm facets using selective area epitaxy (1997)

Using oxide-patterned substrates, we have selectively grown GaAs mesas with (100) top facets ranging from several /spl mu/m to less than 250 nm in width and InAs quantum dots (QDs) on top of these facets. For a given total InAs coverage, the dot density varies with the facet width. The QDs also tend to form at the facet edges. These observations suggest a strong surface diffusion effect of In-containing species adsorbed on the various GaAs facets of a mesa. By designing the oxide pattern in an appropriate manner, a two-dimensional array of QDs could be positioned in a pre-determined configuration at specific wafer locations.
Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the candidate tuberculosis vaccine MVA85A in healthy adults infected with HIV-1: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial (2015)

European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (IP.2007.32080.002), Aeras, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Oxford-Emergent Tuberculosis Consortium.
Comparing the latest high-speed access technologies: FTTx, HFC, xDSL, and wireless (2002)

Numerous new high-speed, access technologies have been developed during the last decade, with ongoing improvements making their capabilities more similar than different. To understand the tradeoffs involved, fiber-based, copper-based, and terrestrial-wireless alternatives will be compared technically, economically, and strategically.
Surface‐enhanced resonance Raman study of avidin–dye interactions: A model for chromophore‐containing proteins (1988)

Abstract Resonance Raman (RR) and surface‐enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) spectroscopy were used to study the behavior of 2‐(4′‐hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid (HABA) at different pH values (2.7–11.8) in solution and bound to avidin. Major changes in the RR spectrum of the dye are observed near pH 8.0 and 3.0. These pH values are close to the p K a values for the phenolic and carboxylic acid functional groups of HABA and reflect deprotonation of these groups. In addition, however, tautomeric forms of the dye are possible within each pH range and these can be identified from the characteristic vibrational modes of the azo and hydrazone forms of HABA. Similar changes in the SERR spectrum of HABA were also observed as a function of pH. However, a comparison of the RR and SERR spectra has shown that the tautomeric equilbrium is shifted toward the hydrazone form on the Ag surface compared with the effect in solution. The RR and SERR spectra of the HABA‐avidin complex are nearly identical and indicative of the hydrazone form of the dye. Hence the complex is not dissociated on the Ag surface. This finding is encouraging with regard to the application of SERR techniques to the study of native proteins containing chromophores.
A new design methodology for multiport SRAM cell (1994)

In this paper, we propose a new design methodology for multiport SRAM cell. A traditional static 6T CMOS cell is adapted to the multiport SRAM cell by adding several wordline transistors, thereby allowing asynchronous reads and writes during an operands access stage using the read feature of the 5T cell and the write feature of the 6T cell. The stability of the SRAM cell is affected by the factors of p-transistor, n-transistor and pass-transistor, not by the absolute dimensions of the three transistors. The optimal read access curve can be used to obtain the fastest access time in the secure range for the general multiport SRAM cell.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of Thermal Treatment Conditions on the Recoil Compressive Strength of Kevlar-29 Fibers (2002)

In this paper, thermal treatments of Kevlar-29 fiber resulted in a significant enhancement of compressive strength and corresponding decrease in tensile strength. These changes result from a decreased linearity at the macroscopic level in the fiber. Statistically designed experiments indicate that treatment temperature is the most significant variable in the thermal processing, while treatment soak time also played a role in the shift of properties.
A Wideband Dielectric Resonator Antenna with a C shaped Slot Aperture for 5G Applications (2018)

A wideband Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) has been designed using a C shaped Aperture Slot. A gain value of 7.2dBi has been achieved with an impedance bandwidth of 10 %. The slot Aperture designed has been analyzed over different slot dimensions with input impedance. This antenna can be used for wideband applications at 5G frequency band. A bandwidth of 2.8GHz have been achieved through this design.
A New Channel Quantization Strategy for MIMO Interference Alignment with Limited Feedback (2011)

In K-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) interference channels, it was shown that interference alignment (IA) achieves a full spatial multiplexing gain when perfect channel state information (CSI) is available at each transmitter in the network. When the CSI is fed back from receivers using the limited number of feedback bits, a significant performance loss is inevitable in the IA due to quantized channel knowledge. In this paper, we propose a new channel quantization strategy to optimize the performance of the IA with limited feedback. In our proposed scheme, we introduce an additional receive filter to minimize the chordal distance which accounts for the quantization error on Grassmann manifold. Besides, we analyze a reduction in terms of the chordal distance in our scheme compared to conventional methods. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme provides substantially better performance than the conventional method as the number of feedback bits is increased. We show that our scheme exhibits 30% and 40% sum rate gains compared to the conventional scheme when the numbers of the feedback bits are 10 and 15, respectively, with two antennas per node.
Sir John Floyer (1649–1734) and His Study of Pulse and Respiration (1967)

Journal Article Sir John Floyer (1649–1734) and His Study of Pulse and Respiration Get access GARY L. TOWNSEND GARY L. TOWNSEND Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume XXII, Issue 3, July 1967, Pages 286–316, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/XXII.3.286 Published: 01 July 1967
Hockey looks to ‘armies’ in Intergenerational Report: experts react (2015)

Australia must encourage older Australians and women to enter and stay in the workforce in order to increase productivity and protect future prosperity, according to the Intergenerational Report released by Treasurer Joe Hockey today.
Optimum design of subcarrier optical networks for local loop applications (1989)

Reviews the performance limitations of SCM broadcast LANs. Absolute limits to CNR have been established which are determined by the laser RIN and third order intermodulation distortion and hence are independent of receiver noise characteristics. This allows the maximum number of nodes and the modulation scheme to be determined at the planning stage. It appears that AM broadcast SCM television distribution LANs require laser RIN and distortion levels at or beyond the limits of current directly-modulated devices. >
CRES-T, An Effective Gene Silencing System Utilizing Chimeric Repressors (2011)

Chimeric REpressor gene Silencing Technology (CRES-T) is a useful tool for functional analysis of plant transcription factors. In this system, a chimeric repressor that is produced by fusion of a transcription factor to the plant-specific EAR-motif repression domain (SRDX) suppresses target genes of a transcription factor dominantly over the activity of endogenous and functionally redundant transcription factors. As a result, the transgenic plants that express a chimeric repressor exhibit phenotypes similar to loss-of-function of the alleles of the gene encoding the transcription factor. This system is simple and effective and can be used as a powerful tool not only for functional analysis of redundant transcription factors but also for the manipulation of plant traits by active suppression of the gene expression. Strategies for construction of the chimeric repressors and their expression in transgenic plants are described. Transient effector-reporter assays for functional analysis of transcription factors and detection of protein-protein interactions using the trans-repressive activity of SRDX repression domain are also described.
The synthesis of stable 1,3,4-triphenylphospholes (2000)

The first syntheses of 1,3,4-triphenylphosphole, 2-bromo-1,3,4-phenylphosphole and 2,5-dibromo-1,3,4-triphenylphosphole are described. These phospholes, unlike most of the known derivatives, are difficult to oxidise and they and their corresponding oxides show little tendency to dimerise. The NBS mediated bromination of 1,3,4-triphenyl-2,5-dihydrophosphole oxide led to the desired precursors of the corresponding phospholes and in one case unexpectedly yielded a phosphole oxide directly. Some reactions including the formation of organolithium reagents and their derivatisation are reported. McMurry reactions of derived formylphospholes to give coupled products are described and some copper mediated reactions are also discussed.
Increased expression of cFLIPL in colonic adenocarcinoma (2001)

During tumour progression, cancer cells use diverse mechanisms to escape from apoptosis-inducing stimuli, which may include receptor internalization, inhibition of signal pathways, and regulation of specific sets of genes. Substantial numbers of colon cancer cells have been observed to express Fas/Fas ligand, but are resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis, suggesting that colonic tumours might develop specific mechanisms to overcome Fas-mediated apoptosis. Recently, cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP) has been identified as an endogenous inhibitor of Fas- or other receptor-mediated apoptosis and its altered high expression has a suspected association with tumour development or progression. In an effort to investigate the prevalence of cFLIP(L) alterations in colon carcinomas and their possible implications for the progression of colon cancers, cFLIP(L) expression was analysed in adenocarcinomas and adenomatous polyps of colon, with matched normal tissues, at RNA and protein levels, by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. cFLIP(L) transcripts were constitutively expressed in colon cancers and expression levels were significantly higher in carcinomas than in normal tissues (p<0.05). Overexpression of cFLIP(L) protein was found exclusively in carcinoma cells in all matched sets analysed and approximately three-fold induction was detected in cancer cells (p<0.05). The expression of cFLIP(L) protein was not significantly altered in adenomatous polyps compared with normal tissues. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that abnormal overexpression of cFLIP(L) is a frequent event in colon carcinomas and might contribute to in vivo tumour transformation.
Numerical analysis of supercontinuum generation in a dispersion flattened /decreasing fiber (1999)

A flat and broad-band supercontinuum spectrum of soliton pulses in an optical fiber with dispersion flattened and dispersion decreasing characteristic along the axis was numerically analyzed using a split-step Fourier method and confirmed experimentally.
Functional defect of T cells in autoimmune gastritis. (1995)

The functional response and phenotypic characterisation of peripheral blood T cells were studied in 41 patients with autoimmune gastritis--nine patients with autoimmune gastritis alone, 11 with untreated pernicious anaemia, and 21 with resolved pernicious anaemia who were taking vitamin B-12. Phenotypic analysis showed no changes in the CD4/CD8 ratio in any group of patients. CD3+ cells were significantly decreased and CD16+ cells were significantly increased in patients with autoimmune gastritis alone. Phytohaemagglutinin induced T cell proliferation, with or without interleukin 2, was reduced in the three groups. T cell proliferation induced by phorbol myristate acetate was normal. Interleukin 2 production of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes was normal in the three groups. Five patients with pernicious anaemia treated with vitamin B-12 were followed and persistent hypoproliferation of T cells in response to phytohaemagglutinin was observed. The follow up study of the phenotype of these patients showed a significant increase of the CD2+ CD3- lymphocyte population after six months' treatment. In conclusion, the three groups of autoimmune gastritis patients studied have a functional defect in T cells that is independent of B-12 treatment and of the presence of pernicious anaemia.
The Design and Evaluation of a Wireless Sensor Network for Mine Safety Monitoring (2007)

This paper describes a wireless sensor network for mine safety monitoring. Based on the characteristics of underground mine gallery and the requirements for mine safety monitoring, we proposed a distributed heterogeneous hierarchical mine safety monitoring prototype system, namely HHMSM This system is capable of monitoring methane concentration, and locating miner. We proposed a novel overhearing-based adaptive data collecting scheme which exploits the redundancy and correlation of the sampling readings in both time and space to reduce traffic and control overhead with a well-bounded offset error for large-scale sensor networks. This mechanism is easy to implement and low-cost compared to other more theoretically based mechanisms such as Kalman filter. Experimental results show that HHMSM achieves better performance on flexibility, correctness, coverage, and lifetime compared with other existing wireless mine safety monitoring systems.