gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Chemistry of the Alkali Amides. (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe Chemistry of the Alkali Amides.Robert Levine and W. Conard FerneliusCite this: Chem. Rev. 1954, 54, 3, 449–573Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60169a002Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1894Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (6 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
261 SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPE, RESISTANCE TRAINING, AND STRENGTH-RELATED PERFORMANCE (1993)

The research goal was to attempt to clarify the consequences of increased strength on performance at submaximal exercise intensities. Eight subjects (4 males, 4 females) completed a 3-d.wk-1, 16-wk resistance training regimen. After training, upper (bench press, BP) and lower (parallel squat, PS) extremity strength were increased by 23% and 37%, respectively. Performance at the same absolute work rates as before training was increased by 30-159% following training depending on intensity and type of exercise. Performance at the same relative work rates (80%, 60%, 40%) remained unchanged by the training for both exercises. Prior to training, PS repetitions at 40% were correlated (r = 0.69, P < 0.05) with the percentage of slow-twitch (ST) fibers in the vastus lateralis muscle. There were similar relationships at 40% (r = 0.73) and at 60% (r = 0.83) for the PS exercise after training. However, the resistance program did not result in greater relative submaximal performance in individuals with a higher percentage of ST fibers. We conclude that strength improvement of up to 40% does not produce a strength-related performance deficit, when training and testing procedures are identical. Yet, these data do not rule out the potential of a strength-related repetition performance deficit. When subjects were equally divided by strength levels, those tested at the highest absolute resistance had significantly lower bench press repetition performance at 60% and 40% of the 1-RM than the subjects tested at the lowest absolute resistance.
Fluorescent computer tomography: a model for correction of X-ray absorption (1991)

The distributions of individual trace elements within a sample can be found using fluorescent computed tomography (FCT). The absorption of incident and fluorescent X-rays results in degraded reconstructions of the distributions. The proposed method uses the absorption density, measured using conventional absorption tomography, to remove absorption effects. A model for FCT with absorption is developed and simulated. The resulting corrected reconstructions are compared to the reconstructions degraded by attenuation efforts. A comparison is made with other methods which utilize knowledge of the sample composition and a standard source to estimate the absorption coefficients used to correct for attenuation effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Appearance of apparently ubiquitin-conjugated lκB-α during its phosphorylation-induced degradation in intact cells (1995)

NF-kappa B is a dimeric protein that serves to initiate gene transcription in higher eukaryotic cells in response to mainly pathogenic stimuli. Its activity is controlled by a third inhibitory subunit, called I kappa B. When I kappa B is bound, NF-kappa B cannot bind to DNA or enter the nucleus but is stored in a latent cytoplasmic form. Upon stimulation of cells I kappa B is released, which allows the activation of NF-kappa B. We have analyzed the molecular mechanism underlying the removal of I kappa B-alpha. Distinct extracellular stimuli lead to a phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha of serines 32 and 36 by a yet unidentified kinase. These modifications do not directly dissociate I kappa B from NF-kappa B but render the inhibitor highly susceptible for proteolytic degradation by, presumably, the proteasome. In this paper, we report for the first time that higher molecular mass forms of I kappa B-alpha occur under conditions that lead to a phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha and activation of NF-kappa B. These I kappa B-alpha variants had discrete molecular masses and were most prominent in cells overexpressing I kappa B-alpha, suggesting the covalent modification of I kappa B-alpha by ubiquitin conjugation. The proteasome inhibitor Cbz-Ile-Glu(O-t-Bu)-Ala-leucinal (PSI), which stabilizes the phospho form of I kappa B-alpha, only slightly increased the amount of conjugates indicating that the conjugation of I kappa B-alpha with ubiquitin was the rate-limiting step in I kappa B-alpha degradation, and not its phosphorylation or proteolysis. Our data suggest that conjugation of I kappa B-alpha with ubiquitin is an intermediate reaction in the phosphorylation-controlled degradation of I kappa B-alpha and the subsequent activation of NF-kappa B.
In Situ Measurement of Cl<sup>-</sup> Concentrations and pH at the Reinforcing Steel/Concrete Interface by Combination Sensors (2006)

This paper presents an in situ, nondestructive method of monitoring Cl- concentrations and pH values at the steel/concrete interface. The Ag/AgCl electrodes prepared by the electrochemical anodization and the Ir/IrO2 electrodes prepared by thermal oxidation in carbonate served as Cl- concentration and pH sensors, respectively. The potentiometric response of the Ag/AgCl electrode to the logarithm of Cl- concentrations ranging from 1 x 10(-4) to 2 M in saturated Ca(OH)2 solution simulating the inner electrolytic medium of concrete shows good linearity. The Ir/IrO2 electrode also exhibits an ideal Nernstian response in the range of pH 1-14. The Ag/AgCl and Ir/IrO2 electrodes were combined into a multiplex Cl-/pH sensor, and the sensor was embedded in concrete close to the steel/concrete interface to realize an in situ and long-term measurement of Cl- concentrations and pH values. The results indicate that the combined sensor is robust and sensitive enough to in situ measure Cl- concentrations and pH quantitatively at the steel/concrete interface, which is of indispensable importance to the study of corrosion and protection of the steel in concrete.
Chemical Strengthening of Polycrystalline Ceramics (1966)

The feasibility of strengthening polycrystalline ceramic bodies by low‐expansion solid solution surface layers was established. Failure, by shearing of the surface layers, was prevented by establishing gradual variations in composition and in thermal expansion coefficient which, in turn, resulted in gradual variations in stresses and reduction of the maximum shear stress. Titania ceramics were strengthened by TiO 2 ‐SnC 2 surface layers and alumina ceramics were strengthened by Al 2 O 3 ‐Cr 2 O 3 surface layers.
Detection of Novel Secondary Metabolites (1991)

The study of antibiotics and other fermentation products has shown that a seemingly unlimited number of compounds with diverse structures are produced by microorganisms. The continued high rate of discovery of new chemical entities, in the light of the abundance of microbial products already described, is due to creative screening procedures that incorporate such features as the emphasis on unusual microorgnaisms, their special propagation and fermentation requirements, supersensitive and highly selective assays, genetic engineering both for the biosynthesis of new compounds and in the development of screening systems, early in vivo evaluation, improved isolation techniques, modern procedures for structure determination, computer-assisted identification, and an efficient multidisciplinary approach. This review focuses on the genesis and development of the gamut of methodologies that have led to the successful detection of the wide variety of novel secondary metabolites that include antibacterial, antigungal, antiviral and antitumour antibiotics, enzyme inhibitors, pharmacologically and immunologically active agents, products useful in agriculture and animal husbandry, microbial regulators, and other compounds for which no bioactive role has yet been found.
Shape-based segmentation and visualization techniques for evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary artery disease (2006)

Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) has developed strongly in the emerging field of cardiovascular imaging. The manual analysis of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries is a very time consuming and labor intensive process and today only qualitative analysis is possible. In this paper we present a new shape-based segmentation and visualization technique for quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary artery disease. The new technique takes into account several aspects of the vascular anatomy. It uses two surface representations, one for the contrast filled vessel lumen and also one for the vascular wall. The deviation between these two surfaces is defined as plaque volume. These surface representations can be edited by the user manually. With this kind of representation it is possible to calculate sub plaque volumes (such as: lipid rich core, fibrous tissue, calcified tissue) inside this suspicious area. Also a high quality 3D visualization, using Open Inventor is possible.
Transitioning legacy assets to a product line architecture (1999)

A successful software system evolves over time, but this evolution often occurs in an ad-hoc fashion. One approach to structure system evolution is the concept of software product lines where a core architecture supports a variety of application contexts. However, in practice, the high cost and high risks of redevelopment as well as the substantial investments made to develop the existing systems most often mandate significant leverage of the legacy assets. Yet, there is little guidance in the literature on how to transition legacy assets into a product line set-up. In this paper, we present RE-PLACE, an approach developed to support the transition of existing software assets towards a product line architecture while taking into account anticipated new system variants. We illustrate this approach with its application in an industrial setting.
Isolation and characterization of a novel RING‐H2 finger gene induced in response to cold and drought in the interfertile <i>Citrus</i> relative <i>Poncirus trifoliata</i> (2005)

Many genes in different organisms encode proteins with really interesting gene (RING) finger domain(s). The RING zinc finger domain is involved in a wide variety of functions in diverse organisms. A cDNA clone showing homology with RING zinc finger genes and nine‐fold induction in response to cold was previously identified during a gene expression study in the interfertile Citrus relative Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. In this study, the full‐length cDNA of this clone was isolated from 2‐day cold‐acclimated P. trifoliata by a rapid amplification of cDNA ends method using gene‐specific primers. The full‐length cDNA was 956 bp containing a complete open reading frame of 474 bp encoding a polypeptide of 158 amino acids. The full‐length cDNA showed a high level of homology with genes encoding putative RING zinc finger proteins in plants. The deduced amino acid sequence of this gene contained a signature sequence motif for a RING zinc finger close to the C terminus of the protein. The RING zinc finger domain was significantly similar to previously characterized RING zinc finger proteins from different organisms. Additionally, it had a histidine residue at the fifth co‐ordination site, indicating that this gene encodes a RING‐H2 finger protein. Northern blot hybridization showed that the expression of the RING finger gene was induced in response to cold in cold‐hardy P. trifoliata but not to the same extent in cold‐sensitive Citrus grandis L. Osb. (pummelo). However, the gene was induced by drought stress similarly in both the species. To our knowledge, this study presents the first isolation of the full‐length sequence of a RING zinc finger gene induced in response to abiotic stress in plants and the initial characterization of this gene in Citrus .
Comparison of Glucagon, Atropine, and Placebo as Premedication for Endoscopy of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract (1979)

The effects of 0.5 mg glucagon and 0.5 mg atropine given intravenously as premedication in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy have been examined and compared to those of placebo (0.9% NaCl) in a double-blind study involving 36 patients and 1 endoscopist. The results showed no difference between atropine, glucagon, and placebo with regard to vomiting, opening of the pylorus, feeling of discomfort, or the success of the examination. Glucagon significantly reduced peristalsis compared with both atropine (p less than 0.01) and placebo (p less than 0.01). The reflux was also significantly reduced by glucagon compared with both atropine (p less than 0.01) and placebo (p less than 0.01). No difference was found between glucagon and atropine with regard to secretion, but both drugs reduced the secretion compared with placebo (p less than 0.05). Glucagon also reduced the secretion of mucus compared with placebo (p = 0.05). No adverse effects occurred.
Can Plant Microbiome Studies Lead to Effective Biocontrol of Plant Diseases? (2017)

In this review, the wisdom and efficacy of studies seeking disease attenuating microbes and microbiomes only in healthy plant communities is questioned and an alternative view is posited, namely that success in biocontrol of crop diseases may also come from studies of microbiota, or at least individual species isolates, associated with diseased plants. In support of this view, I summarize the current extensive knowledge of the biology behind what is probably the most successful biocontrol of a plant disease, namely the biocontrol of crown gall of stone fruit using non-pathogenic Rhizobium rhizogenes K84, in which the biocontrol agent itself came from a diseased plant.
FALDH Reverses the Deleterious Action of Oxidative Stress Induced by Lipid Peroxidation Product 4-Hydroxynonenal on Insulin Signaling in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes (2008)

Oxidative stress induced by reactive aldehydes, such as HNE, is implicated in the development of insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which is alleviated by FALDH. Hence, detoxifying enzymes could play a crucial role in blocking progression of insulin resistance to diabetes.
Silicon carbide merged PiN Schottky diode switching characteristics and evaluation for power supply applications (2002)

A newly developed silicon carbide (SiC) merged PiN Schottky (MPS) diode combines the best features of both Schottky and PiN diodes to obtain low on-state voltage drop, low leakage in the off-state, fast switching, and good high temperature characteristics. In this paper, the switching characteristics of 1500 V, 0.5 A rated SiC MPS diodes are evaluated and compared to the fastest, similarly rated silicon diodes available. Experimental results indicate that the reverse recovery time and associated losses are nearly zero for the SiC MPS diodes. By replacing the best silicon diodes available with a SiC MPS diode, the efficiency of a test-case power supply was found to increase from 89% to 91.5% for switching at 100 kHz, and from 82 % to 88% at 186 kHz. A significant electromagnetic interference (EMI) reduction was also obtained with the SiC MPS diodes compared to the silicon diodes for the noise spectrum range from 70 MHz to 150 MHz.
Range image segmentation and fitting by residual consensus (2003)

The authors randomly sample appropriate range image points and solve equations determined by these points for the parameters of selected primitive type. From K samples they measure residual consensus to choose one set of sample points that determines an equation having the best fit for the largest homogeneous surface patch in the current processing region. The residual consensus is measured by a compressed histogram method that works at various noise levels. The estimated surface patch is extracted out of the processing region to avoid further computation. A genetic algorithm is used to accelerate the search speed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Invertebrate Site Register - objectives and achievements (1994)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Quantitative structure-activity relationship by distance geometry: quinazolines as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (1982)

This is a reinvestigation of 68 quinazoline inhibitors of dehydrofolate reductase. As in the earlier study, the binding data fitted to an 11-point model of the site, but improved computer algorithms resulted in a much better overall fit (correlation coefficient 0.95, standard deviation 0.727 kcal) and a more accurate fit for some very loosely bound 2,4-diaminoquinazolines. Removal of two of the site points (numbers 5 and 9) gave an even better fit than the original 11 site points. However, deleting a third one (number 8) worsened the calculated binding energies of the loosely bound 2,4-diaminoquinazolines. The results lead to predictions of chemical modifications of the quinazolines that should improve their biological activity.
mAbs and Ad-Vectored IFN-α Therapy Rescue Ebola-Infected Nonhuman Primates When Administered After the Detection of Viremia and Symptoms (2013)

ZMAb is a promising treatment against Ebola virus (EBOV) disease that has been shown to protect 50% (two of four) of nonhuman primates (NHPs) when administered 2 days post-infection (dpi). To extend the treatment window and improve protection, we combined ZMAb with adenovirus-vectored interferon-α (Ad-IFN) and evaluated efficacy in EBOV-infected NHPs. Seventy-five percent (three of four) and 100% (four of four) of cynomolgus and rhesus macaques survived, respectively, when treatment was initiated after detection of viremia at 3 dpi. Fifty percent (two of four) of the cynomolgus macaques survived when Ad-IFN was given at 1 dpi, followed by ZMAb starting at 4 dpi, after positive diagnosis. The treatment was able to suppress viremia reaching ~10(5) TCID50 (median tissue culture infectious dose) per milliliter, leading to survival and robust specific immune responses. This study describes conditions capable of saving 100% of EBOV-infected NHPs when initiated after the presence of detectable viremia along with symptoms.
Managing technology change in industrial automation: an ABB overview of research priorities (1994)

Trends towards open systems, enterprise-wide business and plant automation, and field bus technology are transforming industrial automation, presenting major technical challenges to satisfy customer needs for increased productivity, reliability, and safety. Principal emphasis is placed on management of technological change and the explosion in information and complexity enabled by the new technology. ABB is addressing these needs in a broad range of applications, including process and automotive industries, power generation and transmission, building systems and transportation, built on a foundation of automation research as a core competence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
REPRINT (2007)

Evidence-based guidelines are presented for the diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage, the management of increased arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure, the treatment of medical complications of intracerebral hemorrhage, and the prevention of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage. Recent trials of recombinant factor VII to slow initial bleeding are discussed. Recommendations for various surgical approaches for treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage are presented. Finally, withdrawal-of-care and end-of-life issues in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage are examined.
Making Big Data, Privacy, and Anonymization Work Together in the Enterprise: Experiences and Issues (2014)

Some scholars feel that Big Data techniques render anonymization (also known as de-identification) useless as a privacy protection technique. This paper discusses our experiences and issues encountered when we successfully combined anonymization, privacy protection, and Big Data techniques to analyze usage data while protecting the identities of users. Our Human Factors Engineering team wanted to use web page access logs and Big Data tools to improve usability of Intel's heavily used internal web portal. To protect Intel employees' privacy, they needed to remove personally identifying information (PII) from the portal's usage log repository but in a way that did not affect the use of Big Data tools to do analysis or the ability to re-identify a log entry in order to investigate unusual behavior. To meet these objectives, we created an open architecture for anonymization that allowed a variety of tools to be used for both de-identifying and re-identifying web log records. In the process of implementing our architecture, we found that enterprise data has properties different from the standard examples in anonymization literature. Our proof of concept showed that Big Data techniques could yield benefits in the enterprise environment even when working on anonymized data. We also found that despite masking obvious PII like usernames and IP addresses, the anonymized data was vulnerable to correlation attacks. We explored the tradeoffs of correcting these vulnerabilities and found that User Agent (Browser/OS) information strongly correlates to individual users. While browser fingerprinting has been known before, it has implications for tools and products currently used to de-identify enterprise data. We conclude that Big Data, anonymization, and privacy can be successfully combined but requires analysis of data sets to make sure that anonymization is not vulnerable to correlation attacks.
Encoding qubits into oscillators with atomic ensembles and squeezed light (2017)

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) encoding of a qubit within an oscillator provides a number of advantages when used in a fault-tolerant architecture for quantum computing, most notably that Gaussian operations suffice to implement all single- and two-qubit Clifford gates. The main drawback of the encoding is that the logical states themselves are challenging to produce. Here we present a method for generating optical GKP-encoded qubits by coupling an atomic ensemble to a squeezed state of light. Particular outcomes of a subsequent spin measurement of the ensemble herald successful generation of the resource state in the optical mode. We analyze the method in terms of the resources required (total spin and amount of squeezing) and the probability of success. We propose a physical implementation using a Faraday-based quantum nondemolition interaction.