gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Unintentional Discovery of a Fluorogenic DNA Probe for Ribonuclease I (2019)

Ribonuclease I belongs to a class of nonspecific endoribonucleases and plays many important roles in a variety of biological and cellular processes. While their ubiquitous nature and high activity contribute to the well-known problem of RNase contamination in experimentation, their abundance in bacteria can potentially be leveraged as a biosensor target. As a result, there is substantial interest in generating a specific and reliable probe for RNase detection for a variety of purposes. To that end, we report on our unintentional discovery of the RNase I probe RFA13-1 isolated through in vitro selection with the crude extracellular mixture from Clostridium difficile contaminated with Klebsiella aerogenes as a selection target. Characterization of RFA13-1 reveals that it exhibits high sensitivity to Escherichia coli RNase I with a detection limit of 1.39 pm. Furthermore, RFA13-1 also shows high specificity for RNase I produced only in select bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family. As a result, this probe offers a simple tool for RNase I detection with potential applications in RNase functional studies, ribonuclease contamination monitoring, and bacterial detection.
OntoWebber: a novel approach for managing data on the Web (2003)

OntoWebber is a system for managing data on the Web with formally encoded semantics. It aims at solving the problems current technologies are confronted with, namely, the reusability of software components, flexibility in personalization, and ease of maintenance for data intensive Web sites. Based on a domain ontology and a site modeling ontology, site views on the underlying data can be constructed as site models. Instantiation of these models will create a browsable Web site, and manipulation of the site models helps to reduce the high effort of personalizing and maintaining the Web site. In this paper we present the architecture and demonstrate the major components of the system.
Development of a Single-Channel Direction Finding Algorithm (2007)

A radio direction finding (DF) system uses a multiple-element antenna array coupled with one or more receivers to estimate the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of a targeted emitter using characteristics of the signal received at each of the antennas in the array. In general, DF systems can be classified both by the number of receivers employed as well as which characteristics of the received signal are used to produce the DOA estimate, such as the signal's amplitude, phase, or time of arrival. This work centers on the development and implementation of a novel single-channel direction finding system based on the differential phase of the target signal received by a uniform circular antenna array with a commutative switch. The algorithm is called the PLL DF Method and differs from older single-channel DF techniques in that it is a digital algorithm intended for implementation on a software-defined radio (SDR) platform with a custom-designed antenna array and RF switching network. It uses a bank of parallel software PLLs to estimate the phase of the signal received at each element of the multi-antenna array. Theses estimated phase values are then fed to a specialized signal processing block that estimates the DOA of the received signal. This thesis presents the details of the initial version of the PLL algorithm which was used to produce a proof-of-concept system with an eight-element circular array. It then discusses various technical challenges uncovered in the initial implementation and presents numerous enhancements to the algorithm to overcome these challenges, such as a modification to the PLL model to offer increased estimator robustness in the presence of a frequency offset between the transmitter and receiver, revisions of the software implementation to reduce the algorithm's processing requirements, and the adaptation of the DF algorithm for use with a 16-element circular array. The performance of the algorithm with these modifications under various conditions are simulated to investigate their impact on the DOA estimation process and the results of their implementation on an SDR are considered.
Memory-Based Structured Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) Study (2008)

Abstract : According to the ITRS roadmap, 70 percent of the area of a typical ASIC today is memory and this increases to over 90 percent by the end of the roadmap. Yet despite the fact that ASICs are becoming more memory-intensive, commodity memory and ASIC design and manufacturing technologies are still on divergent paths. In this report, we examine methodologies for the design of Memory-Based Structured ASICs (SASICs) that include large amounts of dense, on-chip memory, as well as multiple processing cores, networks-on-chip, and I/O modules. We investigate regular fabrics as a means for designing logic circuitry compatible with the lithographic constraints imposed by the memory array for subwavelength geometries. We also develop midrange and high-level tools for exploring tradeoffs in power, area, and timing of complex, multicore SASICs. The report concludes with recommendations for follow-on work in the area of patterned ASICs.
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carboxamides and Esters by Well-Defined Cp*Ru Complexes Bearing a Protic Amine Ligand (2011)

A novel catalytic method for the straightforward hydrogenation of carboxamides and esters to primary alcohols has been developed. Chiral modification in the ligand sphere of the well-defined Cp*Ru catalyst molecule opens up a new possibility for the development of an enantioselective hydrogenation of racemic substrates via dynamic kinetic resolution.
The Preparation of Monobromosilane and Organic Silyl Derivatives (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Monobromosilane and Organic Silyl DerivativesHerman E. Opitz, John S. Peake, and W. H. NebergallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 2, 292–294Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01583a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01583a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improving the accuracy of circuit activity measurement (1994)

A novel measure of activity in digital circuits, called transition density, along with an ecient algorithm to compute the density at every circuit node, has been proposed in However, the eciency of this algorithm is achieved at the cost of accuracy in the density values. This leaves much to be desired for its use in applications which require more a c curate activity measurements at each node in the circuit e.g., circuit optimization problems with a low power goal.
Micturition and the male genitourinary response to sacral root stimulation. (1979)

The sacral roots, because of their anatomic and functional organization, are well suited to chronic stimulation. Data from our previous experiments on female dogs suggested that effective voiding responses to stimulation could be obtained by using the ventral root of S2, the sacral nerve in canines with the greatest detrusor representation. Elimination of dorsal root afferents from the stimulus field was essential to the minimization of spinal reflex activity. A selective somatic neurotomy was also necessary to attenuate maximally sphincter activity. In the male, the presence of the prostate gland, the greater urethral length, and the erectile response to stimulation might result in compression of the urethra, compromising micturition. Sacral root stimulation was thus studied using both spinalized and nonspinalized male dogs; the results are discussed with a view toward the applicability of sacral root stimulation to effect micturition in male paraplegics, who comprise the largest percentage of this group of patients.
Review of Hypothesis Alignment Algorithms for MT System Combination via Confusion Network Decoding (2012)

Confusion network decoding has proven to be one of the most successful approaches to machine translation system combination. The hypothesis alignment algorithm is a crucial part of building the confusion networks and many alternatives have been proposed in the literature. This paper describes a systematic comparison of five well known hypothesis alignment algorithms for MT system combination via confusion network decoding. Controlled experiments using identical pre-processing, decoding, and weight tuning methods on standard system combination evaluation sets are presented. Translation quality is assessed using case insensitive BLEU scores and bootstrapping is used to establish statistical significance of the score differences. All aligners yield significant BLEU score gains over the best individual system included in the combination. Incremental indirect hidden Markov model and a novel incremental inversion transduction grammar with flexible matching consistently yield the best translation quality, though keeping all things equal, the differences between aligners are relatively small.
A Big Data application framework for consumer behavior analysis (2013)

More than ever before, the amount of data about consumers, suppliers and products has been exploding in today consumer world referred as “Big Data”. In addition, more data is available to the consumer world from multiple sources including social network platforms. In order to deal with such amount of data, a new emerging technology “Big Data Analytics” is explored and employed for analyzing consumer behaviors and searching their information needs. Specifically, this paper proposes a Big Data application framework for analyzing consumer behaviors by using topological data structure, co-occurrence methodology and Markov chain theory. First, the consumer related data is translated into a topological data structure. Second, using topological relationships, a co-occurrence matrix is formed to deduce Markov chain model for consumer behavior analysis. Finally, some simulation results are shown to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Analysis of Classical Root-Finding Methods Applied to Digital Maximum Power Point Tracking for Sustainable Photovoltaic Energy Generation (2011)

This paper examines the application of various classical root-finding methods to digital maximum power point tracking (DMPPT). An overview of root-finding methods such as the Newton Raphson method, Secant method, bisection method, regula falsi method, and a proposed modified regula falsi method (MRFM) applied to photovoltaic (PV) applications is presented. These methods are compared among themselves. Some of their features are also compared with other commonly used maximum power point (MPP) tracking methods. Issues found when implementing these root-finding methods based on continuous variables in a digital domain are explored. Some of these discussed issues include numerical stability, digital implementation of differential operators, and quantization error. Convergence speed is also explored. The analysis is used to provide practical insights into the design of a DMPPT based on classical root-finding algorithms. A new DMPPT based on an MRFM is proposed and used as the basis for the discussion. It is shown that this proposed method is faster than the other discussed methods that ensure convergence to the MPP. The discussion is approached from a practical perspective and also includes theoretical analysis to support the observations. Extensive simulation and experimental results with hardware prototypes verify the analysis.
Oxidative stress and antioxidants in male infertility: a difficult balance (2005)

Infertility is one of the most stressful conditions amongst married couples. Male factor infertility is implicated in almost half of these cases. Recent advances in the field of reproductive medicine have focused the attention of many researchers to consider reactive oxygen species (ROS) as one of the mediators of infertility causing sperm dysfunction. Although, ROS is involved in many physiological functions of human spermatozoa, their excess production results in oxidative stress. Mitochondria and sperm plasma membranes are the two locations of ROS production that involves complex enzyme systems such as creatine kinase and diaphorase. ROS causes damage to the spermatozoa DNA, resulting in increased apoptosis of these cells. The production of ROS is greatly enhanced under the influence of various environmental and life style factors such as pollution and smoking. An effective scavenging system is essential to counteract the effects of ROS. Various endogenous antioxidants belonging to both enzymatic and non-enzymatic groups can remove the excess ROS and prevent oxidative stress. Since, ROS is essential for the normal sperm physiology, rationale use of antioxidants is advocated.
Acoustic and perceptual evaluation of Mandarin tone productions before and after perceptual training (2003)

Training American listeners to perceive Mandarin tones has been shown to be effective, with trainees' identification improving by 21%. Improvement also generalized to new stimuli and new talkers, and was retained when tested six months after training [Y. Wang et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 3649-3658 (1999)]. The present study investigates whether the tone contrasts gained perceptually transferred to production. Before their perception pretest and after their post-test, the trainees were recorded producing a list of Mandarin words. Their productions were first judged by native Mandarin listeners in an identification task. Identification of trainees' post-test tone productions improved by 18% relative to their pretest productions, indicating significant tone production improvement after perceptual training. Acoustic analyses of the pre- and post-training productions further reveal the nature of the improvement, showing that post-training tone contours approximate native norms to a greater degree than pretraining tone contours. Furthermore, pitch height and pitch contour are not mastered in parallel, with the former being more resistant to improvement than the latter. These results are discussed in terms of the relationship between non-native tone perception and production as well as learning at the suprasegmental level.
Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) Brushes Grafted from Cellulose Nanocrystals via Surface-Initiated Single-Electron Transfer Living Radical Polymerization (2010)

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) or nanowhiskers produced from sulfuric acid hydrolysis of ramie fibers were used as substrates for surface chemical functionalization with thermoresponsive macromolecules. The CNCs were grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes via surface-initiated single-electron transfer living radical polymerization (SI-SET-LRP) under various conditions at room temperature. The grafting process was confirmed via Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the different molecular masses of the grafts were quantified and found to depend on the initiator and monomer concentrations used. No observable damage occurred to the CNCs after grafting, as determined by X-ray diffraction. Size exclusion chromatography analyses of polymer chains cleaved from the cellulose nanocrystals indicated that a higher degree of polymerization was achieved by increasing initiator or monomer loading, most likely caused by local heterogeneities yielding higher rates of polymerization. It is expected that suspension stability, interfacial interactions, friction, and other properties of grafted CNCs can be controlled by changes in temperature and provide a unique platform for further development of stimuli-responsive nanomaterials.
The Illusion of Diffusion (2006)

Genuine people do not feel they need to pay much attention to fads. They learn to dismiss fads as trivial, silly, and inconsequential. People tend to pick examples of young people playing: fad toys, dance fads, college students acting up, and the like. These promoters assure that this diet or exercise program will make a real difference, that people can shed those pounds, becoming fitter, and dramatically improve lives. Physicians go through periods when they favor particular diagnoses or therapies; managers adopt and then reject methods for improving business practices; educators devise and then drop teaching techniques. Fads can fool people. The sociologist Emory Bogardus made what was probably the first serious study of fads. He found that most fads did not last long enough to make more than one list; only a few received mention in three successive years.
Effects of serotonin on intracellular pH and contraction in vascular smooth muscle. (1992)

Serotonin (5-HT) and other contractile agonists stimulate Na(+)-H+ exchange in vascular smooth muscle. Since intracellular alkalinization, per se, stimulates contraction, we tested whether 5-HT-induced contraction was associated with an increased pHi. In HCO3(-)-free buffer (pHo 7.4), 5-HT (10(-5) M) increased pHi, as measured by 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein fluorescence, from 7.10 +/- 0.03 to 7.34 +/- 0.03 (p < 0.01) in primary cultures of canine femoral artery vascular smooth muscle cells grown to confluence in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum. In HCO3- buffer (24 mM, pHo 7.4), resting pHi was 7.26 +/- 0.04 (p < 0.01 versus HCO3(-)-free buffer) but was not altered by 5-HT. In both types of buffer, 5-HT stimulated 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride-sensitive 22Na+ uptake (Na(+)-H+ exchange). In HCO3- buffer and in Na(+)- and HCO3(-)-free buffer, 5-HT increased 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid-sensitive 36Cl- uptake, suggesting that 5-HT stimulated Na(+)-independent Cl(-)-HCO3- and Cl(-)-Cl- exchange activities, respectively. Individual vascular smooth muscle cells were then cultured on rat tail tendon collagen gels in the presence of 0.5% fetal calf serum, and cell length and pHi were measured by video and epifluorescence microscopy. 5-HT contracted cells in a dose-dependent, reversible, and ketanserin-inhibitable manner. These cells, like cells grown in 10% fetal calf serum, exhibited Na(+)-H+ and Na(+)-independent Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange. In HCO3- buffer, 5-HT contracted cells without an associated change in pHi. We concluded the following: 1) 5-HT stimulated both Na(+)-H+ and Na(+)-independent Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange activities in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells in parallel. 2) As a result of enhanced H+ and HCO3- efflux, pHi was not altered. 3) In the presence of HCO3-, 5-HT-induced contraction was not associated with a change in pHi.
Energy efficient many-core processor for recognition and mining using spin-based memory (2011)

Emerging workloads such as Recognition, Mining and Synthesis present great opportunities for many-core parallel computing, but also place significant demands on the memory system. Spin-based devices have shown great promise in enabling high-density, energy-efficient memory. In this paper, we present the design and evaluation of a many-core domain-specific processor for Recognition and Data Mining (RM) using spin-based memory. The RM processor has a two-level on-chip memory hierarchy consisting of a streaming access first-level memory and a random access second-level memory. Based on the memory access characteristics, we suggest the use of Domain Wall Memory (DWM) and Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM (STT MRAM) to realize the first and second levels, respectively. We develop architectural models of DWM and STT MRAM, and use them to evaluate the proposed design and explore various architectural tradeoffs in the RM processor. We evaluate the proposed design by comparing it to a CMOS based design at the same 45nm technology node. For three representative RM algorithms (Support Vector Machines, k-means clustering, and GLVQ classification), the iso-area spin memory based design achieves an energy-delay product improvement of 1.5X-3X. Our results suggest that spin based memory technologies can enable significant improvements in energy efficiency and performance for highly parallel, data-intensive workloads.
Organophosphorus compound detection with a supported copper + cuprous oxide island film. 2. Alternating current studies and sensor performance (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganophosphorus compound detection with a supported copper + cuprous oxide island film. 2. Alternating current studies and sensor performanceEdward S. Kolesar and Rodger M. WalserCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 17, 1737–1743Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00168a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00168a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of language modality on preschoolers' recall of spatial-temporal sequences (1999)

Given the visual-spatial nature of American Sign Language (ASL), children acquiring this language may be expected to show facility in recall of spatial-temporal sequences that are arbitrarily ordered. Further, because the language provides experience with spatial-temporal sequences lacking props and themes, language-specific experience may generalize to support recall of non-linguistic sequences lacking these features. To test these suggestions, in two experiments we compared recall performance of preschool-aged English-speaking and ASL-signing children. In Experiment 1, we used elicited imitation in a 2 (language: ASL, English × 2 (prop: present, absent) × 2 (theme: present, absent) × 2 (temporal order: enabling, arbitrary) design. Children acquiring ASL had better recall of arbitrarily ordered prop-supported sequences. Further, children acquiring ASL showed some advantage in recall of sign and non-sign gesture sequences. Experiment 2 directly compared real and nonsense word (or sign) recall between the two groups of children; results suggest some benefit from experience with ASL in processing nonlinguistic visual-spatial gestures.