gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induced-Charge Electrophoresis of Metallodielectric Particles (2008)

The application of ac electric fields in aqueous suspensions of anisotropic particles leads to unbalanced liquid flows and nonlinear, induced-charge electrophoretic motion. We report experimental observations of the motion of Janus microparticles with one dielectric and one metal-coated hemisphere induced by uniform fields of frequency 100 Hz-10 kHz in NaCl solutions. The motion is perpendicular to the field axis and persists after particles are attracted to a glass wall. This phenomenon may find applications in microactuators, microsensors, and microfluidic devices.
Defect related issues in the “current roll-off” in InGaN based light emitting diodes (2007)

Defect related contributions to the reduction of the internal quantum efficiency of InGaN-based multiple quantum well light emitting diodes under high forward bias conditions are discussed. Screening of localization potentials for electrons is an important process to reduce the localization at high injection. The possible role of threading dislocations in inducing a parasitic tunneling current in the device is discussed. Phonon-assisted transport of holes via tunneling at defect sites along dislocations is suggested to be involved, leading to a nonradiative parasitic process enhanced by a local temperature rise at high injection.
Nipah virus conforms to the rule of six in a minigenome replication assay (2004)

To study the replication of Nipah virus (NiV), a minigenome replication assay that does not require the use of infectious virus was developed. The minigenome was constructed to encode a NiV vRNA analogue containing the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) under the control of putative NiV transcription motifs and flanked by the NiV genomic termini. CAT protein was detected only when plasmids encoding the NiV minigenome, nucleocapsid protein (N), phosphoprotein (P) and polymerase protein (L) were transfected into CV1 cells. To determine whether NiV conforms to the rule of six, a series of plasmids encoding minigenomes that differed in length by a single nucleotide was tested in the replication assay. CAT production was detected only with the minigenome whose length was an even multiple of six. The replication assay was also used to show that the N, P and L proteins of NiV recognize cis-acting sequences in the genomic termini of Hendra virus (HeV) but not measles virus. While these results suggest that NiV uses a replication strategy that is similar to those of other paramyxoviruses, they also support the inclusion of NiV and HeV in a separate genus within the subfamily Paramyxovirinae.
Evolutionary Aspects of Superoxide Dismutase: The Copper/Zinc Enzyme (1991)

Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase is typically an enzyme of eukaryotes. The presence of the enzyme in the ponyfish symbiont Photobacterium leiognathi and some free living bacteria does not have an immediate explanation. Amino acid sequence alignment of 19 Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases shows 21 invariant residues in key positions related to maintenance of the beta-barrel fold, the active site structure including the electrostatic channel loop, and dimer contacts. Nineteen other residues are invariant in 18 of the 19 sequences. Thirteen of these nearly invariant residues show substitutions in Photobacterium Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from the trematode Schistosoma mansoni shows an N-terminal sub-domain with a hydrophobic leader peptide, as in human extracellular superoxide dismutase which is a Cu/Zn enzyme. The latter also has a C-terminal sub-domain with preponderance of hydrophilic and positively charged residues. The amino acid sequence of this superoxide dismutase between the N-terminal and C-terminal regions shares many features of cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, including 20 of the 21 invariant residues found in 19 Cu/Zn enzymes, suggesting a similar type of beta-barrel fold and active site structure for the extracellular enzyme.
Glutamine-dependent anapleurosis dictates glucose uptake and cell growth by regulating MondoA transcriptional activity (2009)

Glucose and glutamine are abundant nutrients required for cell growth, yet how cells sense and adapt to changes in their levels is not well understood. The MondoA transcription factor forms a heterocomplex with its obligate partner Mlx to regulate approximately 75% of glucose-dependent transcription. By mediating glucose-induced activation of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), MondoA:Mlx complexes directly repress glucose uptake. We show here that glutamine inhibits transcriptional activation of TXNIP by triggering the recruitment of a histone deacetylase-dependent corepressor to the amino terminus of MondoA. Therefore, in the presence of both glucose and glutamine, TXNIP expression is low, which favors glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis; the Warburg effect. Consistent with MondoA functioning upstream of TXNIP, MondoA knockdown reduces TXNIP expression, elevates glucose uptake and stimulates cell proliferation. Although glutamine has many intracellular fates, a cell permeable analog of a tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediate, alpha-ketoglutarate, also blocks the transcriptional activity of MondoA at the TXNIP promoter and stimulates glucose uptake. Together our data suggest that glutamine-dependent mitochondrial anapleurosis dictates glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis by blocking MondoA:Mlx-dependent transcriptional activation of TXNIP. We propose that this previously unappreciated coordination between glutamine and glucose utilization defines a metabolic checkpoint that restricts cell growth when subthreshold levels of these essential nutrients are available.
Oceanographic Sensor for in-situ temperature and conductivity monitoring (2008)

The design and micro-fabrication of a new combined temperature and conductivity sensor is presented. The temperature sensor is based on a thermistor and the conductivity sensor uses two planar electrodes built on a PCB board. Tests show the temperature sensor is accurate to 0.003degC and the conductivity sensor has an error within 2.7% for KCI concentration range of 0.2-1 Mol/L.
Double-pass and interferometric measures of the optical quality of the eye (1994)

We compare two methods for measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the human eye: an interferometric method similar to that of Campbell and Green [J. Physiol. (London) 181, 576 (1965)] and a double-pass procedure similar to that of Santamaria et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4, 1109 (1987)]. We implemented various improvements in both techniques to reduce error in the estimates of the MTF. We used the same observers, refractive state, pupil size (3 mm), and wavelength (632.8 nm) for both methods. In the double-pass method we found close agreement between the plane of subjective best focus for the observer and the plane of objective best focus, suggesting that much of the reflected light is confined within individual cones throughout its double pass through the receptor layer. The double-pass method produced MTF's that were similar to but slightly lower than those of the interferometric method. This additional loss in modulation transfer is probably attributable to light reflected from the choroid, because green light, which reduces the contribution of the choroid to the fundus reflection, produces somewhat higher MTF's that are consistent with the interferometric results. When either method is used, the MTF's lie well below those obtained with the aberroscope method [Vision Res. 28, 659 (1988)]. On the basis of the interferometric method, we propose a new estimate of the monochromatic MTF of the eye.
Permeability of human skin to selected anions and cations--in vitro studies. (2002)

Among the many factors influencing the human body every day, metal cations and anions are some of the most important and are constantly present in atmospheric fallout. Some of them such as sulfate or nitrate anions along with different detergents may cause pathological changes within the skin. The aim of this study was to estimate whether sulfate (SO4(2-)) and nitrate anions (NO3-) as well as metal cations, magnesium (Mg2+) and calcium (Ca2+) are able to pass through isolated patches of human skin and to investigate the dynamics of ion diffusion. Concentrations of the substances corresponded to those observed in the atmospheric fallout in two regions of Poland with low (Białowieza) and high (Katowice) pollution rate. Ion chromatography method was used to determine cations and anions levels. In vitro, we found human skin to be permeable to magnesium and calcium ions as well as sulfate and nitrate anions at concentrations observed in the atmospheric fallout in two regions of Poland having different levels of pollution. Diverse influence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) detergent on the grade of metal ion permeability (acceleration in the first 10 hours of experiment) and anion permeability (lack of SO4(2-) influence) suggest the presence of different routes of ions penetration through the skin. It is also supported by different transportation characteristics of individual ions through the skin over time.
Mining tag clouds and emoticons behind community feedback (2008)

In this paper we describe our mining system which automatically mines tags from feedback text in an eCommerce scenario. It renders these tags in a visually appealing manner. Further, emoticons are attached to mined tags to add sentiment to the visual aspect.
Preclinical evaluation of a next-generation, subcutaneously administered, coagulation factor IX variant, dalcinonacog alfa (2020)

The increased potency of dalcinonacog alfa
Epitaxial thin films of ordered double perovskite Sr2FeMoO6 (1999)

Epitaxial thin films of Sr2FeMoO6, that are ordered double perovskite with half-metallic nature, have been successfully prepared on SrTiO3 (001) and (111) substrates by pulsed laser deposition in a narrow window of the temperature and oxygen pressure. From the surface morphology analysis for the atomic scale step-and-terrace structures, the film growth is concluded to take place with the chemical formula as the growth unit when the ordering direction is normal to the surface. The films showed metallic conduction with ferromagnetic transition temperature above 400 K and intergrain tunneling type magnetoresistance even at room temperature.
Toughening epoxy resins with polyepichlorohydrin (1993)

Abstract Polyepichlorohydrin (PECH) rubbers were found to toughen epoxy resins based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and cured with piperidine. The degree of toughening depends on the molecular weight of the PECH and on the curing temperature. Best toughening was achieved with PECH of the highest nominal molecular weight of 3400 (Hydrin 10 × 2). Hydrin 10 × 1 (nominal molecular weight 1700) did not toughen the epoxy resin unless bisphenol A was also added, whereas Hydrin 10 × 2 toughened it in the absence of bisphenol A. Curing resins containing bisphenol A and Hydrin 10 × 1 at 160°C resulted in a slightly more brittle resin than when cured at 120°C. The effect of PECH rubbers on the T g , modulus, and hot/wet properties is similar to that of carboxy‐terminated butadiene‐acrylonitrile rubbers (CTBN). Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of fractured surfaces show that the PECH separates as a discrete phase during curing. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Feasibility of a 486 nm Fraunhofer Laser Source Based on a 4F sub 3/2 yields 4I sub 9/2 Neodymium Laser (1992)

Abstract : Investigate the potential of a novel laser source based on the neodymium 4F sub 3/2 yields 4I sub 9/2 transition for operation at 486.1 nm, the H beta Fraunhofer wavelength. Characterize this transition in Nd:YAG and also stimulated rotational Raman conversion in H2, D2, and HD as critical steps in such a system.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Regeneration Process of Passive Solar Shading and Dehumidifying System for Hot-humid Areas (2003)

This paper presents an idea of passive solar shading and dehumidifying system to improve the indoor thermal environment and energy conservation in hot-humid areas. Elementary investigation on the regeneration of this passive system is undertaken. First, the test apparatuses are constructed for solar shading dehumidifier and silica gel is chosen as the desiccant material; the effects of internal surface color and the orientation of the test apparatus on the regeneration process are experimentally investigated. Then a mathematical model and valid Fortran program made to calculate the regeneration process are checked by the experimental results, it is used to analyze the influences of airflow rate, glass layer, the thickness of desiccant material and insulation material. The distribution and variation of moisture content and air temperature at different point in the apparatus are also obtained by numerical calculation. Experimental results and numerical results show that: lower airflow rate is beneficial to the regeneration of this passive system, the airflow rate influences the regeneration process greatly; thinner desiccant material layer can be quickly and fully regenerated, but adsorbs moisture easily; single glass layer and black internal surface are more affective of using solar energy to regenerate the desiccant material; insulation material has almost no effect on the regeneration process. The numerical results also show that desiccant material is more dehydrated when it is far from the inlet of air.
Scaling of Rheological Properties of Hydrogels from Associating Polymers (1998)

Rheological properties of thermoreversible hydrogels of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-g-poly(acrylic acid) have been studied. The relaxation exponent Δ = 0.69 is found from the frequency-independent loss tangent at the gel point. The distance from the gelation threshold (ε) is varied by changing the concentration or temperature. Dependencies of the zero-shear viscosity (ηo) and equilibrium modulus (Go) scale as ηo ∼ εs and Go ∼ εt. The transient exponents s = 1.26−1.28 and t = 2.64−2.65 are obtained in the vicinity of the gelation threshold. The scaling relation between all exponents is in excellent agreement with the Rouse model and is consistent with the percolation theory. Transient rheological properties exhibit complex scaling behavior above the gel point depending on ε. Scaling above the gel point correlates with the polymer structure.
Gonadotropin receptors. Solubilization and purification by affinity chromatography. (1975)

Specific gonadotropin receptors of the rat testis were purified 15,000-fold after detergent extraction by a single affinity chromatography step on agarose coupled to human chorionic gonadotropin. Receptors were eluted in the free form at pH 3.2 and did not aggregate in the absence of detergent. The purified receptors displayed about 50% of the maximum theoretical binding activity, and retained the high binding affinity and hormonal specificity of the original gonadotropin receptors of the cell membrane.
Human alpha 3(VI) collagen gene. Characterization of exons coding for the amino-terminal globular domain and alternative splicing in normal and tumor cells (1991)

We recently reported the isolation and sequencing of human cDNA clones corresponding to the alpha 3 chain of type VI collagen (Chu, M.-L., Zhang, R.-Z., Pan, T.-c., Stokes, D., Conway, D., Kuo, H.-J., Glanville, R., Mayer, U., Mann, K., Deutzmann, R., and Timpl, R. (1990) EMBO J. 9, 385-393). The study indicates that the amino-terminal globular domain of the alpha 3(VI) chain consists of nine repetitive subdomains of approximately 200 amino acid residues (N1-N9) and the gene appeared to undergo alternative splicing since some clones lacked regions encoding the N9 and part of the N3 subdomains. In the present study, we report the exon structure for the region encoding the amino-terminal globular domain of the human alpha 3(VI) chain. The nine repetitive subdomains are encoded by 10 exons spanning 26 kilobase pairs of genomic DNA. Eight of the repetitive subdomains (N2-N9) were found to be encoded by separate exons of approximately 600 base pairs each. The only exception is the N1 subdomain which is encoded by two exons of 417 and 146 base pairs. Characterization of the exon/intron structure showed that the cDNA variants were the result of splicing out of exon 9 (encoding the N9 subdomain) and part of exon 3 (encoding the N3 subdomain). Nuclease S1 analysis and the polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that exon 7 (N7 subdomain) was also subject to alternative splicing in normal skin fibroblasts. Examination of these splicing events by nuclease S1 analysis in normal fibroblasts, three different human tumor cell lines, and several human tissues showed that splicing out of exon 9 is much more efficient in normal as compared to tumor cells.
A Modified Bischler Synthesis of Some Tetracyclic Indole Derivatives (1982)

The rynther~r of 6,7-dihydrs5H-1ndalo[ 1,7-abl [ I I benzazepme, 5H-indolo-[1,7-abl [I I benzazepine, pyrrolo [3,2,1-kl I phenothmzrne and I-phenylmdole war accomplished by cycllzatron of the correspondmg d~arylaminoacetaldehyder.Carbazole-9-acetaldehyde gave 2,4-d~carbazol-9-yI-2-butenal.The aldehydes were obtained by acid catalyzed hydrolysis of the corresponding drethyl acetals, wh~ch dtffered conr~derably m theu relat~ve hydrolysis rates.
Proteolytic Processing of a Serotype 8 Human Astrovirus ORF2 Polyprotein (2002)

Astroviruses require the proteolytic cleavage of the capsid protein to infect the host cell. Here we describe the processing pathway of the primary translation product of the structural polyprotein (ORF2) encoded by a human astrovirus serotype 8 (strain Yuc8). The primary translation product of ORF2 is of approximately 90 kDa, which is subsequently cleaved to yield a 70-kDa protein (VP70) which is assembled into the viral particles. Limited trypsin treatment of purified particles containing VP70 results in the generation of polypeptides VP41 and VP28, which are then further processed to proteins of 38.5, 35, and 34 kDa and 27, 26, and 25 kDa, respectively. VP34, VP27 and VP25 are the predominant proteins in fully cleaved virions, which correlate with the highest level of infectivity. Processing of the VP41 protein to yield VP38.5 to VP34 polypeptides occurred at its carboxy terminus, as suggested by immunoblot analysis using hyperimmune sera to different regions of the ORF2, while processing of VP28 to generate VP27 and VP25 occurred at its carboxy and amino terminus, respectively, as determined by immunoblot, as well as by N-terminal sequencing of those products. Based on these data, the processing pathway for the 90-kDa primary product of astrovirus Yuc8 ORF2 is presented.
Fowl Cholera: Cross-Protection Induced by Pasteurella multocida Separated from Infected Turkey Blood (1979)

Crude liver homogenates from turkeys that died of fowl cholera produced by serotype 1 or 3 Pasteurella multocida induced cross-protection. Pasteurella multocida harvested from the blood of infected turkeys by a centrifugal technique were as immunogenic as the liver homogenates. Neither bacterial cell-free blood plasma nor washed P. multocida from infected turkeys induced significant cross-protection. Blood plasma containing P. multocida induced significant cross-protection. Pasteurella multocida grown in the turkey underwent bacteriolysis after thawing from a frozen state. Filtered lysates did not induce cross-protection when used as vaccines whereas unfiltered lysates did. Membrane filters impeded passage of immunogenic material.
Polyoxyethylation of Alcohol (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyoxyethylation of AlcoholW. B. Satkowski and C. G. HsuCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1957, 49, 11, 1875–1878Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50575a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50575a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Programmable temporal isolation in real-time and embedded execution environments (2009)

We begin this paper with a wish list of features that we feel a modern real-time and embedded execution environment should offer. We then look at some of the key weaknesses of conventional real-time operating systems (RTOS) and limitations of virtual execution environments (VEE), which typically offer some of the features but not all in one system. We propose to remedy the problem by carefully combining, in a single virtualized execution environment, well-known operating systems and virtualization techniques with an efficient real-time scheduler, which we have recently developed. The scheduler enables temporal isolation of concurrently executing processes and allows to change guaranteed process execution speeds efficiently at any time during execution. We also report on preliminary experiments with a prototypical bare-metal implementation.
Three‐dimensional immersed finite element methods for electric field simulation in composite materials (2005)

Abstract This paper presents two immersed finite element (IFE) methods for solving the elliptic interface problem arising from electric field simulation in composite materials. The meshes used in these IFE methods can be independent of the interface geometry and position; therefore, if desired, a structured mesh such as a Cartesian mesh can be used in an IFE method to simulate 3‐D electric field in a domain with non‐trivial interfaces separating different materials. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate that the accuracies of these IFE methods are comparable to the standard linear finite element method with unstructured body‐fit mesh. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The polymerization and copolymerization of nitroalkyl acrylates and nitroalkyl methacrylates (1968)

Abstract Nitroalkyl acrylates and methacrylates involving some new compounds were prepared. The homopolymerization of these monomers in toluene and their copolymerization with styrene in acetone were carried out with azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The rate of polymerization of the nitroalkyl acrylates showed a correlation with the number of nitro groups situated on the ester side chain. The apparent activation energies of the polymerization were found to be 22.0–27.5 kcal./mole for the nitroalkyl acrylates and about 11.5–13.0 kcal./mole for the nitroalkyl methacrylates. From the reactivity ratios and Q‐e values of the copolymerization the following information was obtained. The copolymerization behavior of nitroalkyl acrylates and methacrylates showed an alternating tendency, and these monomers belong to the conjugative monomer groups. On the reactivities of these monomers, the polarity of vinyl group was affected a little by nitro group of ester bond side, and the resonance affected little. These monomers were crosslinked with 2‐methyl‐2‐nitro‐1,3‐propylene diacrylate. Some of the polymers showed marked improvement in the physical properties of elastomers.