gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The cancer therapeutic potential of <scp>Chk1</scp> inhibitors: how mechanistic studies impact on clinical trial design (2013)

Many anticancer agents damage DNA and activate cell cycle checkpoints that permit time for the cells to repair their DNA and recover. These checkpoints have undergone intense investigation as potential therapeutic targets and Chk1 inhibitors have emerged as promising novel therapeutic agents. Chk1 was initially recognized as a regulator of the G2/M checkpoint, but has since been demonstrated to have additional roles in replication fork stability, replication origin firing and homologous recombination. Inhibition of these pathways can dramatically sensitize cells to some antimetabolites. Current clinical trials with Chk1 inhibitors are primarily focusing on their combination with gemcitabine. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of, and emerging uses for Chk1 inhibitors as single agents and in combination with antimetabolites. We also discuss the pharmacodynamic issues that need to be addressed in attaining maximum efficacy in vivo. Following administration of gemcitabine to mice and humans, tumour cells accumulate in S phase for at least 24 h before recovering. In addition, stalled replication forks evolve over time to become more Chk1 dependent. We emphasize the need to assess cell cycle perturbation and Chk1 dependence of tumours in patients administered gemcitabine. These assessments will define the optimum dose and schedule for administration of these drug combinations.
Resistance to the Antibiotics Viomycin and Capreomycin in the Streptomyces Species Which Produce Them (1980)

Viomycin capreomycin, antibiotics produced by Streptomyces vinaceus and S. capreolus respectively, are potent inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis. Although these organisms are highly tolerant of their own products in vivo, their ribosomes are fully sensitive to the action of the drugs in vitro. However, they processes novel, antibiotic-inactivating enzymes (viomycin phosphotransferase, capreomycin phosphotransferase, capreomycin acetyltransferase) which, in addition to possible biosynthetic roles, may contribute to the resistances observed in vivo.
Effect of Hydrodynamic and Magnetic Stabilization on Fluidized-Bed Adsorption (1998)

Direct fermentation broth processing using fluidized beds is extremely advantageous due to the low operating pressure drop of the device and the ability of the bed to process suspended-solids-containing solutions. Unfortunately, the solid particles in fluidized beds typically show a great deal of mixing compared to those in packed beds. This mixing may lead to early breakthrough and inefficient use of adsorptive capacity. Stabilization reduces the solids mixing and improves the performance and efficiency of a fluidized bed. A comparison of packed, fluidized, and stabilized beds reveals that, while normal fluidized beds do contain a significant amount of mixing, the breakthrough behavior of the bed is not drastically different than that of a packed bed. Magnetic stabilization of the bed usually leads to an increase in adsorption efficiency but is dependent on field strength and orientation. Permanently magnetized beds were also investigated and produced breakthrough efficiencies similar to those of packed beds.
A One-Device Memory Cell Using a Single Layer of Polysilicon and a Self-Registering Metal-to-Polysilicon Contact (1980)

The fabrication and operation of a novel one-device dynamic memory cell are described. Like the conventional double overlapping polysilicon cell, the new memory cell has a diffused bit line and a metal word line, uses five basic masking operations, and provides essentially equivalent cell area for the same lithographic feature size. Unlike the double polysilicon cell, however, the new cell uses a single layer of polysilicon to provide a more planar surface topography, and a self-registering metal-to-polysilicon contact to provide a small cell area. An essential aspect of the fabrication method of the self-registered contact cell is the use of two lithographic masking operations that define two patterns in a single polysilicon layer, the MOSFET gate electrode and the MOS capacitor electrode. The self-registering contact also facilitates a powerful polysilicon wiring technique that is applicable to the access circuits located peripherally to the array of memory cells.
Ubiquitin- and ATP-dependent unfoldase activity of P97/VCP•NPLOC4•UFD1L is enhanced by a mutation that causes multisystem proteinopathy (2017)

p97 is a "segregase" that plays a key role in numerous ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent pathways such as ER-associated degradation. It has been hypothesized that p97 extracts proteins from membranes or macromolecular complexes to enable their proteasomal degradation; however, the complex nature of p97 substrates has made it difficult to directly observe the fundamental basis for this activity. To address this issue, we developed a soluble p97 substrate-Ub-GFP modified with K48-linked ubiquitin chains-for in vitro p97 activity assays. We demonstrate that WT p97 can unfold proteins and that this activity is dependent on the p97 adaptor NPLOC4-UFD1L, ATP hydrolysis, and substrate ubiquitination, with branched chains providing maximal stimulation. Furthermore, we show that a p97 mutant that causes inclusion body myopathy, Paget's disease of bone, and frontotemporal dementia in humans unfolds substrate faster, suggesting that excess activity may underlie pathogenesis. This work overcomes a significant barrier in the study of p97 and will allow the future dissection of p97 mechanism at a level of detail previously unattainable.
Erratum The opacity proteins of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> strain MS11 are encoded by a family of 11 complete genes (1992)

Variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae MS11 show distinct colony morphologies because of the expression of a class of surface components called opacity (Opa, PII) proteins. Southern analyses combined with molecular cloning of genomic DNA from a single variant of MS11 has identified 11 opa genes contained in separate loci. These opa genes code for distinct opacity proteins which are distinguishable at their variable domains. The opa gene analyses were also extended to divergent variants of MS11. These studies have shown that, during in vitro and in vivo culture, 10 of the 11 opa genes did not undergo significant change in their primary sequence. However, in these variants, one gene (opaE) underwent non-reciprocal inter-opa recombinations to generate newer Opa variants. Phylogenic analysis of the opa gene sequences suggests that the opa gene family have evolved by a combination of gene duplication, gene replacement and partial inter-opa recombination events.
Transmembrane Residues Together with the Amino Terminus Limit the Response of the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) 2 Receptor to PTH-related Peptide (1998)

The mechanisms of ligand binding and receptor activation for G-protein-coupled receptors in the secretin/parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor subfamily are not understood. The PTH1 receptor (PTH1R) signals in response to both PTH and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), whereas the PTH2 receptor (PTH2R) responds only to PTH, not to PTHrP. To locate PTHrP discriminatory domains in the PTH2R, we generated PTH1R/PTH2R chimeras in which the extracellular amino-terminal domains were exchanged. Production of cAMP in response to 1 microM PTHrP or PTH was identical in cells expressing the PTH1R with the PTH2R amino terminus and in cells expressing the PTH2R with the PTH1R amino terminus. The ability of the chimeric receptor with the PTH2R amino terminus to respond fully to PTHrP showed that the body of the PTH2R must contain sites that limit the response to PTHrP. Mutations to PTH1R sequence were therefore made in each of the seven transmembrane domains of the PTH2R. Mutations in transmembrane domains 3 and 7 resulted in receptors able to respond to PTHrP. Thus, residues in more than one domain form a barrier or filter, allowing the receptor to discriminate between different ligands.
Orthogonality analysis and improvement of MSE-OFDM system (2010)

Multi-Symbol Encapsulated Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MSE-OFDM) system, in which one cyclic prefix (CP) is used for a frame of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain, will be widely applied in future communication systems. The main purpose of the MSE-OFDM system is to enhance the bandwidth efficiency deteriorated by the CP of each OFDM symbol in relative static wireless channel environment. In this paper, a detailed orthogonality analysis of the MSE-OFDM system is demonstrated, based on which an improvement that the OFDM symbols are encapsulated in the frequency domain is proposed. The modified system can reduce the time delay of processing in the receiver end. In the mean time it provides great flexibility for pilot insertion as traditional OFDM system. For static wireless channel, more redundancy is eliminated with nearly the same bit error rate (BER) compared to the MSE-OFDM system. While for slowly mobile channel, such as the user end is at the speed of walking, lower BER is performed.
Security Analysis of the Chinese Web (2014)

As the web rapidly expands and gets integrated into the daily lives of more and more people, so does the number of cyber attacks against it. To defend against attackers, website operators can utilize a wide range of defense mechanisms, both at the server-side, as well as the client-side of their web applications. From a security-metrics standpoint, the presence or absence of these mechanisms can be used as a security indicator of any given website.
Characterization of the Oligogalacturonide-Induced Oxidative Burst in Cultured Soybean (Glycine max) Cells (1993)

The rapid release of H2O2 by elicited plant cells, recently termed the oxidative burst, was investigated in suspension-cultured soybean (Glycine max Merr. cv Kent) cells stimulated with a purified polygalacturonic acid (PGA) elicitor. Examination of the elicited cells by fluorescence microscopy revealed that virtually every living cell participates in the elicitor-induced H2O2 burst. Measurement of the kinetics of the response using a macroscopic fluorescence-based assay indicated that approximately 100 molecules of H2O2 are generated per PGA molecule added, achieving a cumulative H2O2 concentration of approximately 1.2 mmol L-1 of packed cells. At the height of the defense response, 3 x 10-14 mol of H2O2 cell-1 min-1 are produced, a value comparable to the rate of H2O2 production by myeloid cells of mammals. Variables affecting the rate and magnitude of the soybean oxidative burst were found to be mechanical stress, extracellular pH, and cell age. The PGA-induced oxidative burst was shown to undergo both homologous and heterologous desensitization, a characteristic of signal transduction pathways in animals. Homologous desensitization was obtained with PGA, and heterologous desensitization was observed with the G protein activator mastoparan, consistent with earlier observations showing that G proteins perform a regulatory function in this pathway. Finally, a model describing the possible role of the PGA-induced oxidative burst in the overall scheme of plant defense is proposed.
Multifunctional high strength and high energy epoxy composite structural supercapacitors with wet-dry operational stability (2015)

An epoxy-composite reinforced structural supercapacitor is described with unpackaged performance integrity even under periods of extreme wet-dry water immersion.
A Novel Frequency Reuse Scheme for OFDMA Based Relay Enhanced Cellular Networks (2009)

We address the problem of frequency reuse schemes in the downlink of the fixed two-hop orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) cellular relaying networks. There has been little work on specific frequency reuse schemes for this system in the literatures, although this is the key element for realizing the potential capacity and coverage increase offered by the relay. Therefore, we propose a novel frequency reuse scheme for spectrum efficiency enhancement. Based on this scheme, inter-cell interference (ICI) and SINR received by one- hop and two-hop users are analyzed. System-level simulation results show that our presented frequency reuse scheme can achieve significant improvement on spectrum efficiency compared to modified soft frequency reuse (MSFR) scheme.
New decoding methods of interleaved burst error‐correcting codes (1983)

Abstract This paper proposes new methods of burst error correction for block interleaved error‐correcting codes. First, a probabilistic method of a single burst error correction, using syndrome correlation of subcodes which constitute the interleaved code, is presented. With this method, the high capability of correcting burst errors potentially owned by the interleaved codes is realized with less decoding delay. Second, by generalizing the above method, a probabilistic method of multiple (m‐fold) burst error correction is presented. With this method, after estimating the burst error positions using syndrome correlation of subcodes which are interleaved m‐fold burst error detecting codes, erasure errors are corrected in each subcode and m‐fold burst errors are corrected successfully. the code constructed by interleaving m‐fold burst error‐detecting codes is shown to be superior to the Reed‐Solomon code for 2‐fold burst error correction with respect to both error correction capability and decoding delay. the performances of these methods (single burst error correction method and multiple burst error correction method) are analyzed by computer simulation and their effectiveness is clarified.
Interframe dependent hidden Markovmodel for speech recognition (1994)

A hidden Markov model (HMM) with first-order dependent observation densities is presented to account for the statistical dependence between successive frames. A modified Viterbi algorithm is described to optimise jointly the state sequence and dependence relation for the model parameter estimation as well as likelihood calculation. Preliminary experiments show that this approach achieves better performance than the standard multivariate Gaussian HMM.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Chemistry of Fullerenes: Host Molecules for Fullerenes on the Basis of .pi±pi. Interaction (2012)

Abstract Review: 105 refs.
DeepRoad: GAN-based Metamorphic Autonomous Driving System Testing (2018)

While Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have established the fundamentals of DNN-based autonomous driving systems, they may exhibit erroneous behaviors and cause fatal accidents. To resolve the safety issues of autonomous driving systems, a recent set of testing techniques have been designed to automatically generate test cases, e.g., new input images transformed from the original ones. Unfortunately, many such generated input images often render inferior authenticity, lacking accurate semantic information of the driving scenes and hence compromising the resulting efficacy and reliability. In this paper, we propose DeepRoad, an unsupervised framework to automatically generate large amounts of accurate driving scenes to test the consistency of DNN-based autonomous driving systems across different scenes. In particular, DeepRoad delivers driving scenes with various weather conditions (including those with rather extreme conditions) by applying the Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) along with the corresponding real-world weather scenes. Moreover, we have implemented DeepRoad to test three well-recognized DNN-based autonomous driving systems. Experimental results demonstrate that DeepRoad can detect thousands of behavioral inconsistencies in these systems.
Fusion of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase to VP22 does not result in intercellular trafficking of the protein (2007)

Suicide gene therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of cancer. Current protocols, however, suffer from low efficiency. We tried to alleviate this problem by developing a transgene that will spread from the initially transduced cell to the surrounding cells (transmission). We used herpes simplex virus (HSV) VP22 as a signal for cellular uptake of HSV-1 thymidine kinase (TK). By co-culturing naive cells with cells producing a TK-VP22 fusion protein, we detected intercellular trafficking of this protein. We used a variety of techniques, including two-color flow cytometry and cytotoxicity assays to detect the presence of TK in the non-producing cells. We confirmed intercellular migration of VP22. We did not detect any intercellular trafficking of the TK-VP22 fusion protein, by various fixation methods or flow cytometry. In ganciclovir sensitivity assays, we found no difference between the efficiency of TK (IC50=3.15+/-0.76 microg/ml) and TK-VP22 (IC50=2.27+/-0.59 microg/ml). Using a cell-free enzyme activity assay we showed that fusion of TK to VP22 did not change the enzyme activity. In conclusion, we described novel and robust methods to detect intercellular trafficking. From our data we concluded that protein transmission of TK by VP22 for gene therapy is not likely to be successful. In addition, we described a useful and quantifiable assay to measure the enzymatic activity of TK and TK fusion proteins, and described some common properties of VP22 fusion proteins that may explain the different results that have been obtained by others.
Three-dimensional transient mathematical model to predict the heat transfer rate of a heat pipe (2015)

A three-dimensional model was developed to simulate the heat transfer rate on a heat pipe in a transient condition. This article presents the details of a calculation domain consisting of a wall, a wick, and a vapor core. The governing equation based on the shape of the pipe was numerically simulated using the finite element method. The developed three-dimensional model attempted to predict the transient temperature, the velocity, and the heat transfer rate profiles at any domain. The values obtained from the model calculation were then compared with the actual results from the experiments. The experiment showed that the time required to attain a steady state (where transient temperature is constant) was reasonably consistent with the model. The working fluid r134a (tetrafluoroethane) was the quickest to reach the steady state and transferred the greatest amount of heat.
Small plaque variant transmissible gastroenteritis virus. (1978)

Theodore Roosevelt thanks James A. Allen for the book and wishes that he had it before he visited South America. Document is difficult to read; we are unsure of some or all of the document's content. If you have any information about the document or its contents, we would appreciate hearing from you. Contact library@theodorerooseveltcenter.org and be sure to include the item's title and date.
Features That Distinguish those who Die from Asthma from Community Controls with Asthma (1998)

To evaluate risk factors for asthma mortality, an unmatched case-control study was undertaken in the Canadian prairie provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Those between the ages of 5 and 50 (inclusive) who died from an acute exacerbation of asthma were compared to a control group of people with asthma from the same geographical areas who were contacted using random-digit dialing. Because no deaths occurred among residents less than 15 years old, this analysis was limited to cases and controls between 15 and 50 years old. Of the 38 deaths that occurred between November 1992 and October 1995, data were obtained from next of kin for 35 (92.1%). Of the 210 potential controls that were identified, 142 returned completed questionnaires (67.6%). Cases were more likely than controls to have asthma reported to be severe, to have experienced nocturnal symptoms, to have had cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)/intubation, and to have had more healthcare utilization in the previous year. Medication use was also more common among cases compared to controls. Specific asthma triggers were reported more often for cases than controls; weather changes, excitement, depression, and stress showed the greatest case control differences. Although a number of very strong risk factors for death from asthma were identified, death from asthma is so rare in this age group that it is not possible to label an individual as "likely" to die from asthma. Nonetheless, patients, caregivers, and health professionals should be aware of indicators that would suggest greater risk.
Phenotype-associated env gene variation among eight related human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clones: evidence for in vivo recombination and determinants of cytotropism outside the V3 domain (1992)

The nucleotide sequences of the env genes of eight phenotypically heterogeneous human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clones recovered from a single individual within a 3-week period were compared. In addition, the accessory gene sequences for four of these clones were obtained. Variation among most accessory genes was limited. In contrast, pronounced phenotype-associated sequence variation was observed in the env gene. At least three of these clones most likely resulted from genetic recombination events in vivo, indicating that this phenomenon may account for the emergence of proviruses with novel phenotypic properties. Within the env genes of the eight clones, four domains could be defined, the sequence of each of which clustered in two groups with high internal homology but 11 to 30% cluster variation. The extensive env gene variation among these eight clones could largely be explained by the unique manner in which the alleles of these four domains were combined in each clone. Experiments with chimeric proviruses demonstrated that the HIV-1 env gene determined the capacity to induce syncytia and tropism for T-cell lines. Amino acids previously shown to be involved in gp120-CD4 and gp120-gp41 interaction were completely conserved among these eight clones. The finding of identical V3 sequences in clones differing in tropism for primary monocytes and T-cell lines demonstrated the existence of determinants of tropism outside the env V3 region.
Improvement of Poly-Si TFT Characteristics by Hydrogenation at SiO2/Poly-Si Interfaces, Characterized by TDS Measurement of Deuterium Terminated Poly-Si (1994)

1994 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Improvement of Poly-Si TFT Characteristics by Hydrogenation at SiO2/Poly-Si Interfaces, Characterized by TDS Measurement of Deuterium Terminated Poly-Si
Investigation of the use of ammonium acetate as an alternative lixiviant in the leaching of malachite ore (2012)

The solutions containing ammonia allow for selective leaching of the copper from a copper ore. In this study, the leaching and kinetics of malachite ore were examined using ammonium acetate solutions as an alternative lixiviant. The effects of some experimental parameters on the leaching of malachite ore were investigated. A kinetic model to represent the effects of these parameters on the leaching rate was developed. It was determined that the leaching rate increased with increasing solution concentration, temperature and stirring speed, and decreasing particle size and solid-to-liquid ratio. It was found that the leaching reaction followed the mixed kinetic control model. The activation energy of this leaching process was determined to be 59.6 kJmol-1. Consequently, it was determined that ammonium acetate solutions could be used as an effective leaching agent for the copper extraction form malachite ore.