gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Opto-VLSI-Based Beamformer for Radio-Frequency Phased-Array Antennas (2012)

An Opto-VLSI-based tunable beamformer for radio frequency (RF) smart antennas is reported and its concept is demonstrated. RF beam steering is achieved by uploading appropriate phase holograms onto the Opto-VLSI processor so that RF true-time delays (TTDs) are independently generated for each element of the antenna array by simply using several erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) loops to realize independent tunable fiber lasers in conjunction with a dispersive optical fiber. Experimental results demonstrate RF beam steering up to 30° with a 4-element linear patch antenna array operating at 1.85 GHz.
Drug-Delivery by Ion-Exchange. Part I: Ester Pro-Drugs of Propranolol (1987)

The syntheses of some ester pro-drugs of propranolol, suitable for complexing with cationic ion-exchange resins, are described. These include the n-acyl esters ranging from O-acetyl to O-decanoyl propranolol and the bulky pivaloyl ester. Conditions are presented which enable the isolation of the O-acyl compound, free from the competing N-acyl product, to be accomplished. Spectroscopic properties are described to confirm identity and the optimisation of high-performance liquid chromatographic separations, to enable resolution of mixed esters and degradation products, is described.
Fibrogenesis IV. Fibrosis and inflammatory bowel disease: cellular mediators and animal models (2000)

The cellular mediators of intestinal fibrosis and the relationship between fibrosis and normal repair are not understood. Identification of the types of intestinal mesenchymal cells that produce collagen during normal healing and fibrosis is vital for elucidating the answers to these questions. Acute injury may cause normal mesenchymal cells to convert to a fibrogenic phenotype that is not maintained during normal healing but may lead to fibrosis when inappropriately sustained. Proliferation of normal or fibrogenic mesenchymal cells may lead to muscularis overgrowth associated with fibrosis. The presence of increased numbers of vimentin-positive cells within fibrotic, hypertrophied muscularis in Crohn's disease suggests that changes in mesenchymal cell phenotype and number may indeed be associated with fibrosis. Fibrosis is induced in rats by peptidoglycan polysaccharides or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-ethanol administration, but inducing fibrosis in mice has been technically challenging. The development of current mouse models of colitis, such as dextran sodium sulfate or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-ethanol administration, into models of fibrosis will allow us to use genetic manipulation to study molecular mediators of fibrosis.
Evidence for the role of solvated metal hydroxide in the hammerhead cleavage mechanism (1993)

The log of the rate of the chemical step of hammerhead cleavage in Mg2+ increases linearly with pH between pH 5.7 and 8.9. A slope of approximately 1 indicates that a single deprotonation is required for cleavage. Hammerhead pH-rate profiles with Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+, and Cd2+ correlate well with the pKa's of these ions in water. This relationship between the pKa's and the pH-rate profile suggests that a metal hydroxide bound to the hammerhead RNA acts as the base in the cleavage mechanism.
Synthesis of Exfoliated Polyacrylonitrile/Na−MMT Nanocomposites via Emulsion Polymerization (2002)

Polyacrylonitrile/Na−MMT nanocomposites were synthesized through an emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) using 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS). The silicate (Na−MMT) layers were exfoliated during polymerization. The nanocomposites were exfoliated up to 20 wt % content of pristine Na−MMT relative to the amount of AN and exhibited the enhanced storage modulus, E', when compared with pure PAN. Delaminated morphology of the nanocomposite was confirmed by TEM.
Joint Spectrum and IT Resource Allocation for Efficient VNF Service Chaining in Inter-Datacenter Elastic Optical Networks (2016)

We study how to allocate spectrum and IT resources jointly for realizing efficient virtual network function (VNF) service chaining in inter-datacenter elastic optical networks. We first formulate an integer linear programming model to solve the problem exactly, and then a longest common subsequence-based heuristic is proposed. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithms can reuse the deployed VNFs efficiently and arrange the spectrum utilization in a much more load-balanced manner.
Functional drug susceptibility testing based on biophysical measurements predicts patient outcome in glioblastoma patient-derived neurosphere models (2020)

Abstract Functional precision medicine aims to match each cancer patient to the most effective treatment by performing ex vivo drug susceptibility testing on the patient’s tumor cells. Despite promising feasibility studies, functional drug susceptibility testing is not yet used in clinical oncology practice to make treatment decisions. Often, functional testing approaches have measured ex vivo drug response using metabolic assays such as CellTiter-Glo, which measures ATP as a proxy for numbers of viable cells. As a complement to these existing metabolic drug response assays, we evaluated whether biophysical assays based on cell mass (the suspended microchannel resonator mass assay) or size as measured by microscopy (the IncuCyte assay) could be used as a readout for ex vivo drug response. Using these biophysical assays, we profiled the ex vivo temozolomide responses of a retrospective cohort of 70 glioblastoma patient-derived neurosphere models with matched clinical outcomes and found that both biophysical assays predicted patients’ overall survival with similar power to MGMT promoter methylation, the clinical gold standard biomarker for predicting temozolomide response in glioblastoma. These findings suggest that biophysical assays could be a useful complement to existing metabolic approaches as “universal biomarkers” to measure sensitivity or resistance to anti-cancer drugs with a wide variety of cytostatic or cytotoxic mechanisms. One-sentence summary By using biophysical assays to perform ex vivo drug susceptibility testing on 70 glioblastoma patient-derived neurosphere models, we find that functional testing predicts the duration that patients survive when treated with temozolomide, the standard of care chemotherapy.
In vivo medial and lateral tibial loads during dynamic and high flexion activities (2007)

Though asymmetric loading between the medial and lateral compartments of total knee replacements may contribute to implant loosening and failure, the in vivo contact force distribution during dynamic daily activities remains unknown. This study reports in vivo medial and lateral contact forces experienced by a well-aligned knee implant for a variety of activities. In vivo implant motion and total axial load data were collected from a single knee replacement patient performing treadmill gait (hands resting on handlebars), step up/down, lunge, and kneel activities. In vivo motion was measured using video fluoroscopy, while in vivo axial loads were collected simultaneously using an instrumented tibial component. An elastic foundation contact model employing linear and nonlinear polyethylene material properties was constructed to calculate medial and lateral contact forces based on the measured kinematics, total axial loads, and centers of pressure. For all activities, the predicted medial and lateral contact forces were insensitive to the selected material model. The percentage of medial to total contact force ranged from 18 to 60 for gait, 47 to 65 for step up/down, and 55 to 60 for kneel and lunge. At maximum load during the motion cycle, medial force was 1.2 BW for gait and 2.0 BW for step up/down, while the corresponding lateral forces were 1.0 and 1.5 BW, respectively. At mean load in the final static pose, medial force was 0.2 BW for kneel and 0.9 BW for lunge, with corresponding lateral forces of 0.1 and 0.7 BW, respectively. For this patient, a constant load split of 55% medial-45% lateral during loaded activity would be a reasonable approximation for these test conditions.
A Reference Book on Total Phenolics of Some Medicinal Plant Extracts (2014)

The aim of this book to describe the extraction of phenolic compounds from different extracts of medicinal plants by using different extraction techniques and quantification methods. The phenolic compounds are well known phytochemicals found in all plants and these are responsible for antioxidant activity. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or poly phenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule. Bio Chemical methods are used to detect the presences of phenol while different techniques like soxhlet extraction, micro wave-assisted extraction, and ultra sound-assisted extraction and quantifaction methods like spectrophotometric, high pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography methodologies are utilized in plant based products.
Salt tolerance of rice varieties under salt-affected soil at Zaidi Farm (2016)

An experiment was conducted to investigate salt tolerance of eight rice varieties viz; K-282, Shaheen Bas, Bas-370, PB-95, IR-6, COM-2004, Basmati-370 and IR-9. Under salt-affected soil having (EC=7.5 dsm1 , pH=8.3, SAR=47and texture silty clay loam) at Zaidi Farm, Kakar Gill, Sheikhupura. This study was operated to determine the number of productive tillers, panicle length, straw and paddy yield for salt tolerance. IR-6 had higher straw yield while paddy yield was maximum in case of COM-2004 showing better salt tolerance. As IR-9 failed to produce paddy yield under salt-affected conditions, therefore, it was placed at the lowest position. However, on the basis of this study I R-9, Bas-370 and Bas-385 could easily be ranked on the salt sensitive rice line.
Hazardous Waste Transportation (2014)

page describing hazardous waste transporters, who is subject to the hazardous waste transporter regulations and the requirements.
Production and characterization of acid-stable pectin lyase from Bacillus sp. PN33 (1998)

A bacterial strain PN33 producing large amounts of extracellular pectin lyase (PNL, EC 4.2.2.10) was isolated from soil. The isolated bacterium was identified as a strain of Bacillus sp. Production of PNL by the strain was induced only by pectins, with a higher degree of esterification, which had been added to the culture medium as a sole carbon source. The optimal medium for PNL production was determined to consist of 10 g pectin, 2 g yeast extract, 4 g K 2 HPO 4 3H 2 O, 0.6 g MgSO 4 , and 0.11 g CaCl 2 per liter (pH 7.0). The PNL activity in the culture supematant reached the highest level of 132 mU/ml after 32h cultivation at 37°C in the optimal medium. The PNL produced was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation (50∼80%), and cation exchange and size exclusion chromatographies. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 52 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Almost the same mass was determined by nondenaturing PAGE, indicating that the functional enzyme had a monomeric structure. As expected, the PNL exhibited higher activities on the highly esterified pectins whereas it gave no detectable activity on polygalacturonic acid. The enzyme showed the highest activity at the acidic pH of 6.0, exceptional for a bacterial PNL. Maximum activity was measured at 40°C, although the stability of the purified enzyme was poor at this temperature. Calcium (1 mM) was found to activate the PNL activity by 50%, and also remarkably increased the thermal stability of the enzyme. Phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF) and diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) inhibited the PNL activity almost completely at the concentration of 5 mM. This result indicates that some serine and histidine residues of the enzyme may play an essential role for catalytic function of the enzyme.
In Vivo and In Vitro Tissue‐Specific Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein Using the Cre‐Lox System in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (2005)

Embryonic stem cells (ES) are pluripotent and may therefore serve as a source for the generation of specific cell types required for future therapies based on cell replacement. The isolation of defined cell populations from a certain lineage or tissue is a prerequisite for the analysis of the potential of such ES-derived cells in animal transplantation studies. Here, using the Cre/loxP system, we report the generation of murine ES cells conditionally expressing the hrGFP gene at the cell surface. Such ES cells can be differentiated in vitro into neurons displaying GFP activity in neurites. Transgenic mice derived from these ES cells permit the targeting of GFP-expression to specific tissues and provide material from the three germ layers suitable for molecular and biochemical analysis.
When indexing equals compression: experiments with compressing suffix arrays and applications (2004)

We report on a new and improved version of high-order entropy-compressed suffix arrays, which has theoretical performance guarantees similar to those in our earlier work [16], yet represents an improvement in practice. Our experiments indicate that the resulting text index offers state-of-the-art compression. In particular, we require roughly 20% of the original text size---without requiring a separate instance of the text---and support fast and powerful searches. To our knowledge, this is the best known method in terms of space for fast searching.
3D pseudo‐seismic imaging of transient electromagnetic data – a feasibility study (2013)

ABSTRACT We investigate a pseudo‐seismic approach based on the so‐called inverse Q‐transform as an alternative way of processing transient electromagnetic (TEM) data. This technique transforms the diffusive TEM response into that of propagating waves obeying the standard wave‐equation. These transformed data can be input into standard seismic migration schemes with the potential of giving higher resolution subsurface images. Such images contain geometrical and qualitative information about the medium but no quantitative results are obtained as in model‐based inversion techniques. These reconstructed images can be used directly for geological interpretation or in further constraining possible inversions. We extend the original Q‐transform based on an electrical‐source formulation to the case of a large‐loop TEM source. Moreover, an efficient discrete version of the inverse of this modified Q‐transform is presented using a regularization method. Application of this inverse transform to the measured TEM responses gives the corresponding pseudo‐seismic data, which are input into a 3D migration scheme. We then use a 3D boundary element type of Kirchhoff migration to ensure high computational efficiency. This proposed method was applied to both synthetic data as well as field measurements taken from an engineering geology survey. The results indicate that the resolution of the TEM data is significantly improved when compared with standard apparent‐resistivity plots, demonstrating that higher resolution 3D transient electromagnetic imaging is feasible using this method.
BOLD: The Boulder Optimal Logic Design system (2003)

The BOLD (Boulder-Optimal Logic Design) system is a set of software tools that optimally transform an arbitrary combinational logic description into a standard cell, gate array, or complex CMOS gate technology. The design philosophy and structure of BOLD are summarized, and the various software tools and algorithms that comprise the BOLD system are described. The input to BOLD is either a behavioral circuit description or a Logical Interchange Format (LIF) file. The output is a netlist consisting of gates from a user supplied library or a netlist of CMOS complex gates. The philosophy of BOLD is contrasted with that of other available synthesis programs (most notably MIS and YLE), and the output of each is compared on a small set of examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Asset-Based Dynamic Impact Assessment of Cyberattacks for Risk Analysis in Industrial Control Systems (2017)

With the evolution of information, communications, and technologies, modern industrial control systems (ICSs) face more and more cybersecurity issues. This leads to increasingly severe risks in critical infrastructure and assets. Therefore, risk analysis becomes a significant yet not well investigated topic for prevention of cyberattack risks in ICSs. To tackle this problem, a dynamic impact assessment approach is presented in this paper for risk analysis in ICSs. The approach predicts the trend of impact of cybersecurity dynamically from full recognition of asset knowledge. More specifically, an asset is abstracted with properties of construction, function, performance, location, and business. From the function and performance properties of the asset, object-oriented asset models incorporating with the mechanism of common cyberattacks are established at both component and system levels. Characterizing the evolution of behaviors for single asset and system, the models are used to analyze the impact propagation of cyberattacks. Then, from various possible impact consequences, the overall impact is quantified based on the location and business properties of the asset. A special application of the approach is to rank critical system parameters and prioritize key assets according to impact assessment. The effectiveness of the presented approach is demonstrated through simulation studies for a chemical control system.
Development and quantitative analyses of a universal rRNA-subtraction protocol for microbial metatranscriptomics (2010)

Metatranscriptomes generated by pyrosequencing hold significant potential for describing functional processes in complex microbial communities. Meeting this potential requires protocols that maximize mRNA recovery by reducing the relative abundance of ribosomal RNA, as well as systematic comparisons to identify methodological artifacts and test for reproducibility across data sets. Here, we implement a protocol for subtractive hybridization of bacterial rRNA (16S and 23S) that uses sample-specific probes and is applicable across diverse environmental samples. To test this method, rRNA-subtracted and unsubtracted transcriptomes were sequenced (454 FLX technology) from bacterioplankton communities at two depths in the oligotrophic open ocean, yielding 10 data sets representing approximately 350 Mbp. Subtractive hybridization reduced bacterial rRNA transcript abundance by 40-58%, increasing recovery of non-rRNA sequences up to fourfold (from 12% to 20% of total sequences to 40-49%). In testing this method, we established criteria for detecting sequences replicated artificially via pyrosequencing errors and identified such replicates as a significant component (6-39%) of total pyrosequencing reads. Following replicate removal, statistical comparisons of reference genes (identified via BLASTX to NCBI-nr) between technical replicates and between rRNA-subtracted and unsubtracted samples showed low levels of differential transcript abundance (<0.2% of reference genes). However, gene overlap between data sets was remarkably low, with no two data sets (including duplicate runs from the same pyrosequencing library template) sharing greater than 17% of unique reference genes. These results indicate that pyrosequencing captures a small subset of total mRNA diversity and underscores the importance of reliable rRNA subtraction procedures to enhance sequencing coverage across the functional transcript pool.
The clinical relevance of the metabolism of prostate cancer; zinc and tumor suppression: connecting the dots. (2006)

The genetic/metabolic relationships in normal prostate glandular epithelium are driven by the unique function to accumulate and secrete citrate. The genetic/metabolic transformation of the prostate malignant cells is driven by the metabolic/bioenergetic, growth/proliferative, and invasive/migration requirements of the malignant process. Zinc is critical to these relationships. An understanding of these genetic/metabolic relationships provides new directions and opportunities for development of regimens for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Important insight into the genetic/metabolic requirements of the prostate malignant process is now evolving. Most importantly at this time, an appreciation and recognition of the genetic/metabolic significance and implications in the development of prostate malignancy is imperative; and much needed research in this area is essential. Hopefully, this review will help to achieve these goals.
Preparation and Characterization of Samaria‐Doped Ceria Electrolyte Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2007)

The microstructure, thermal expansion, mechanical property, and ionic conductivity of samaria‐doped ceria (SDC) prepared by coprecipitation were investigated in this paper. The results revealed that the average particle size ranged from 10.9±0.4 to 13.5±0.5 nm, crystallite dimension varied from 8.6±0.3 to 10.7±0.4 nm, and the specific surface area distribution ranged from 62.6±1.8 to 76.7±2.2 m 2 /g for SDC powders prepared by coprecipitation. The dependence of lattice parameter, a, versus dopant concentration, x , of Sm 3+ ion shows that these solid solutions obey Vegard's rule as a ( x )=5.4089+0.10743 x for Ce 1− x Sm x O 2−1/2 x . For SDC ceramics sintered at 1500°C for 5 h, the bulk density was over 95% of the theoretical density; the maximum ionic conductivity, σ 800°C =(22.3±1.14) × 10 −3 S/cm with minimum activation energy, E a =0.89±0.02 eV, was found in the Ce 0.80 Sm 0.20 O 1.90 ceramic. A dense Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 ceramic with a grain size distribution of 0.5–4 μm can be obtained by controlling the soaking time at 1500°C. When the soaking time was increased, the microhardness of Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 ceramic increased, the toughness slightly decreased, which was related to grain growth with the soaking time.
Increased Brain Activation in Response to Odors in Patients With Hyposmia After Theophylline Treatment Demonstrated by fMRI (1998)

These results demonstrate that theophylline is an effective therapeutic agent to correct hyposmia in some patients with smell loss. These changes have been documented by fMRI brain scans using olfactory stimuli. This is the first study in which this type of objective improvement following medical treatment has been demonstrated in patients with hyposmia.
Efficient annotation of video for vehicle type classification (2013)

Data collection, especially data annotation, is surprisingly time consuming and costly for vehicle classification. This paper presents an algorithm for the semi-automatic annotation of vehicle type that significantly reduces the time needed to annotate a dataset. Vehicles are automatically detected using a background subtraction GMM. The detected vehicles are classified into four main categories: car, van, bus and motorcycle. A vehicle observation vector is constructed from measurement-based features and an intensity-based pyramid HOG (histogram of orientation gradients). K-means clustering is used to initialize the labels of the collected data set. The output scores of a linear SVM classifier are used to identify low confidence samples, which are then manually annotated, significantly reducing the number of samples needing annotation. Experimental results of synthetic and real data set demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. The method is general enough so that it can be used in other classification problems and domains, e.g. pedestrian detection.