gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Dose Probiotic Supplementation Containing Lactobacillus casei for 7 Days Does Not Enhance Salivary Antimicrobial Protein Responses to Exertional Heat Stress Compared With Placebo (2015)

The study aimed to determine whether high-dose probiotic supplementation containing Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) for 7 consecutive days enhances salivary antimicrobial protein (S-AMP) responses to exertional-heat stress (EHS). Eight endurance-trained male volunteers (age 26 ± 6 years, nude body mass 70.2 ± 8.8 kg, height 1.75 ± 0.05 m, VO2max 59 ± 5 ml·kg-1·min-1 [M ± SD]) completed a blinded randomized and counterbalanced crossover design. Oral supplementation of the probiotic beverage (PRO; L. casei . 1011 colony-forming units·day-1) or placebo (PLA) was consumed for 7 consecutive days before 2 hr running exercise at 60% VO2max in hot ambient conditions (34.0° C and 32% RH). Body mass and unstimulated saliva and venous blood samples were collected at baseline (7 days before EHS), pre-EHS, post-EHS (1 hr, 2 hr, and 4 hr), and at 24 hr. Saliva samples were analyzed for salivary (S) IgA, α-amylase, lysozyme, and cortisol. Plasma samples were analyzed for plasma osmolality. Body mass and plasma osmolality did not differ between trials. Saliva flow rate remained relatively constant throughout the experimental design in PRO (overall M ± SD = 601 ± 284 μl/min) and PLA (557 ± 296 μl/min). PRO did not induce significant changes in resting S-AMP responses compared with PLA (p > .05). Increases in S-IgA, S-α-amylase, and S-cortisol responses, but not S-lysozyme responses, were observed after EHS (p < .05). No main effects of trial or Time x Trial interaction were observed for S-AMP and S-cortisol responses. Supplementation of a probiotic beverage containing L. casei for 7 days before EHS does not provide any further oral-respiratory mucosal immune protection, with respect to S-AMP, over PLA.
Potential Biological Weapons Threats (1999)

Abstract : The list of agents that could pose the greatest public health risk in the event of a bioterrorist attack is short. However, although short, the list includes agents that, if acquired and properly disseminated, could cause a difficult public health challenge in terms of our ability to limit the numbers of casualties and control the damage to our cities and nation.
Multilevel 2-D Bar Codes: Toward High-Capacity Storage Modules for Multimedia Security and Management (2006)

In this paper, we deal with the design of high-rate multilevel 2-D bar codes for the print-and-scan channel. First, we introduce a framework for evaluating the performance limits of these codes by studying an intersymbol-interference (ISI)-free, synchronous, and noiseless print-and-scan channel, where the input and output alphabets are finite and the printer device uses halftoning to simulate multiple gray levels. Second, we present a new model for the print-and-scan channel specifically adapted to the problem of communications via multilevel 2-D bar codes. This model, inspired by our experimental work, assumes perfect synchronization and absence of ISI, but independence between the channel input and the noise is not assumed. We adapt the theory of multilevel coding with multistage decoding (MLC/MSD) to the print-and-scan channel. Finally, we present experimental results confirming the utility of our channel model, and showing that multilevel 2-D bar codes using MLC/MSD can reliably achieve the high-capacity storage requirements of many multimedia security and management applications
Enhanced Cu<sub>2</sub>S/CdS Coaxial Nanowire Solar Cells by Piezo-Phototronic Effect (2012)

Nanowire solar cells are promising candidates for powering nanosystems and flexible electronics. The strain in the nanowires, introduced during growth, device fabrication and/or application, is an important issue for piezoelectric semiconductor (like CdS, ZnO, and CdTe) based photovoltaic. In this work, we demonstrate the first largely enhanced performance of n-CdS/p-Cu(2)S coaxial nanowire photovoltaic (PV) devices using the piezo-phototronics effect when the PV device is subjected to an external strain. Piezo-phototronics effect could control the electron-hole pair generation, transport, separation, and/or recombination, thus enhanced the performance of the PV devices by as high as 70%. This effect offers a new concept for improving solar energy conversation efficiency by designing the orientation of the nanowires and the strain to be purposely introduced in the packaging of the solar cells. This study shed light on the enhanced flexible solar cells for applications in self-powered technology, environmental monitoring, and even defensive technology.
Generalized feature extraction for structural pattern recognition in time-series data (2001)

Pattern recognition encompasses two fundamental tasks: description and classification. Given an object to analyze, a pattern recognition system first generates a description of it (i.e., the pattern) and then classifies the object based on that description (i.e., the recognition). Two general approaches for implementing pattern recognition systems, statistical and structural, employ different techniques for description and classification. Statistical approaches to pattern recognition use decision-theoretic concepts to discriminate among objects belonging to different groups based upon their quantitative features. Structural approaches to pattern recognition use syntactic grammars to discriminate among objects belonging to different groups based upon the arrangement of their morphological features. Hybrid approaches to pattern recognition combine aspects of both statistical and structural pattern recognition. Structural pattern recognition systems are difficult to apply to new domains because implementation of both the description and classification tasks requires domain knowledge. Knowledge acquisition techniques necessary to obtain domain knowledge from experts are tedious and often fail to produce a complete and accurate knowledge base. Consequently, applications of structural pattern recognition have been primarily restricted to domains in which the set of useful morphological features has been established in the literature and the syntactic grammars can be composed by hand (e.g., electrocardiogram diagnosis). To overcome this limitation, a domain-independent approach to structural pattern recognition is needed that is capable of extracting morphological features and performing classification without relying on domain knowledge. This thesis presents a suite of structure detectors that effectively performs generalized feature extraction for structural pattern recognition in time-series data.
Stable Cooperative Surveillance With Information Flow Constraints (2008)

We consider a cooperative surveillance problem for a group of autonomous air vehicles (AAVs) that periodically receives information on suspected locations of targets from a satellite and then must cooperate to decide which AAV should search for each target. This cooperation must be performed in spite of imperfect intervehicle communications (e.g., messages with random but bounded delays), less than full communication connectivity between vehicles, uncertainty in target locations, and imperfect vehicle search sensors. We represent the state of the search progress with a ldquosearch map,rdquo and use an invariant set to model the set of states where there is no useful information on target locations. Arrivals of new suspected target location information from the satellite corresponds to perturbations of the search map from this invariant set. A cooperation strategy that pursues a type of ldquopersistent area denialrdquo will try to force trajectories of the system into the invariant set by exploiting initial target information and search progress by the AAVs. We show that the invariant set is exponentially stable for a class of cooperative surveillance strategies. We provide a comparative analysis of cooperative and noncooperative strategies. Next, we show via simulations the impact of imperfect communications, imperfect vehicle search sensors, uncertainty in search locations, and pop-up suspected locations on performance.
A Virus-Like Particle Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Detects Serum Antibodies in a Majority of Women Infected With Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (1994)

This particular ELISA, or a similar one incorporating virus-like particles of additional HPV types, may be useful in determining the natural history of high-risk HPV infection and perhaps help to identify women at risk for developing cervical cancer.
Trichothecene toxin production by strains of Gibberella pulicaris (Fusarium sambucinum) in liquid culture and in potato tubers (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrichothecene toxin production by strains of Gibberella pulicaris (Fusarium sambucinum) in liquid culture and in potato tubersAnne E. Desjardins and Ronald D. PlattnerCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1989, 37, 2, 388–392Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00086a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00086a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Predicting the performance and reliability of future field programmable gate arrays routing architectures with carbon nanotube bundle interconnect (2009)

The authors investigate the performance and reliability of routing architectures in field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) that utilise bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as wires in the FPGA interconnect fabric in future process technologies here. To leverage the performance advantages of nanotube-based interconnect, we explore several important aspects of the FPGA routing architecture including the wire length segmentation distribution and the switch/connection block configurations. The authors also investigate the impact of statistical variations in interconnect properties on FPGA timing yield. The results demonstrate that FPGAs utilising SWCNT bundle interconnect can achieve up to a 54% improvement in area-delay product over the best performing architecture with standard copper interconnect in 22 nm process technology. Furthermore, FPGAs implemented using SWCNT-based interconnect can provide a superior performance-yield trade-off of up to 43% over FPGAs implemented using traditional copper interconnect in future process technologies.
Physiological Roles of G Protein–Coupled Receptor Kinases and Arrestins (2007)

Heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are found on the surface of all cells of multicellular organisms and are major mediators of intercellular communication. More than 800 distinct GPCRs are present in the human genome, and individual receptor subtypes respond to hormones, neurotransmitters, chemokines, odorants, or tastants. GPCRs represent the most widely targeted pharmacological protein class. Because drugs that target GPCRs often engage receptor regulatory mechanisms that limit drug effectiveness, particularly in chronic treatment, there is great interest in understanding how GPCRs are regulated, as a basis for designing therapeutic drugs that evade this regulation. The major GPCR regulatory pathway involves phosphorylation of activated receptors by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), followed by binding of arrestin proteins, which prevent receptors from activating downstream heterotrimeric G protein pathways while allowing activation of arrestin-dependent signaling pathways. Although the general mechanisms of GRK-arrestin regulation have been well explored in model cell systems and with purified proteins, much less is known about the role of GRK-arrestin regulation of receptors in physiological and pathophysiological settings. This review focuses on the physiological functions and potential pathophysiological roles of GRKs and arrestins in human disorders as well as on recent studies using knockout and transgenic mice to explore the role of GRK-arrestin regulation of GPCRs in vivo.
ON THE FORMATION AND REACTIVITY OF DIOXIRANE INTERMEDIATES IN THE REACTION OF PEROXOANIONS WITH ORGANIC SUBSTRATES* (1979)

Abstract— Kinetics and 18 O‐labeling studies have provided evidence for the involvement of dioxirane intermediates (V) in the ketone‐catalysed decomposition of peroxomonosulfate (Caroate) HSO;. Reaction rates depend on ketone structure. In competition with catalysis of peroxide decomposition, the dioxirane intermediate is capable of oxidizing several organic and inorganic substrates. Thus, cis‐ and rrans‐cinnammic acids could be converted stereospecifically into the corresponding epoxides. Also, oxidation of phenylpropiolic acid, a substrate which is representative of weakly nucleophilic alkynes, could be carried out using the Caroatehetone oxidizing system. Under the conditions adopted, no oxidation of the substrates examined was found to occur in the absence of ketone. The possibility that formation of dioxathiirane intermediates (XXII) occurs following a side pathway in the reaction of Caroate with sulfoxides (which produces sulfones in high yield) has been explored. Preliminary experiments using 18 O‐labeling of p‐tolyl phenylsulfoxide, however. failed to support this hypothesis. pointing out the need for further detailed studies.
Second-order delta-sigma modulator with two 1 bit quantisers (1992)

A new structure of a second-order delta-sigma modulator with two 1 bit quantisers is presented. The main advantage is the 6dB reduction of total output noise power compared with a conventional second-order delta-sigma modulator. The amplifier saturation problem can also be eased. These are confirmed by a system level simulation program. The switched-capacitor implementation is also considered.
“With the rule” astigmatism is not the rule in the elderly (2000)

Hypermetropia increases by age. The prevalence of astigmatism increases and the axis turns to "against the rule". The changes in total astigmatism and corneal astigmatism is almost parallel which might indicate that the "against the rule" change is related to changes in the cornea.
Functional properties of bovine IgG1 and IgG2: interaction with complement, macrophages, neutrophils and skin. (1979)

Bovine immunoglobulin G subclass (IgG1 and IgG2) antibodies were found to fix bovine complement while only IgG1 fixed guinea-pig complement in vitro. Similar results were noted when IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies were tested by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in that both IgG1 and IgG2 caused PCA in bovine skin while only IgG1 mediated the reaction in rat skin. In precipitation reactions IgG1 antibodies to DNP failed to cause precipitation of DNP19-ovalbumin while IgG2 antibodies to DNP precipitated DNP19-ovalbumin. Both IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies to ovalbumin precipitated ovalbumin. Surprisingly, IgG2 antibodies to equine erythrocytes caused phagocytosis by bovine neutrophils and peripheral blood monocytes while IgG1 antibodies failed to cause either phagocytosis or adherence. Results with peripheral blood monocytes cultured for 7 days demonstrated that both IgG1 and IgG2 could mediate phagocytosis.
Preparation of Two Kinds of Immobilized Metal-chelated Affinity Chromatography Membranes (2000)

Immobilized metal chelated affinity chromatography membranes using macroporous cellulose filter papers as stationary phase were prepared with activeagent epichorohydrin , coupling iminodiacetic acid and immobilizing Cu 2+ . Novel poly layer sandwich affinity membranes were also prepared using above filter papers with covalent cross linking agent aragose, which yielded aragose coating layer on the surface and in the porous network structure of the cellulose. After coupling iminodiacetic acid onto this aragose coated membranes, whose maximal BSA isotherm adsorption capability achieved 1.30 mg/cm 2, higher than affinity membranes which achieved 1.17 mg/cm 2, It was shown that the aragose coating layer was useful to increase adsorption capability, which is an important properties of affinity membrane, and those data obtained by affinity membranes could compare with tranditional soft gels. From these results, it could be proved that the cheap macroporous cellulose filter papers could be used to prepare affinity membranes, which are promising to use to separate and purify biomacromolecules.
Vapour dynamics during magma–water interaction experiments: hydromagmatic origins of submarine volcaniclastic particles (limu o Pele) (2013)

Recent observations have shattered the long-held theory that deep-sea (>500 m) explosive eruptions are impossible; however, determining the dynamics of unobserved eruptions requires interpretation of the deposits they produce. For accurate interpretation to be possible, the relative abilities of explosive magmatic degassing and non-explosive magma–water interaction to produce characteristic submarine volcaniclastic particles such as ‘limu o Pele’ (bubble wall shards of glass) must be established. We experimentally address this problem by pouring remelted basalt (1300 °C, anhydrous) into a transparent, water-filled reservoir, recording the interaction with a high-speed video camera and applying existing heat transfer models. We performed the experiments under moderate to high degrees of water subcooling (∼8 l of water at 58 and 3 °C), with ∼0.1 to 0.15 kg of melt poured at ∼10−2 kg s−1. Videos show the non-explosive, hydromagmatic blowing and bursting of isolated melt bubbles to form limu o Pele particles that are indistinguishable from those found in submarine volcaniclastic deposits. Pool boiling around growing melt bubbles progresses from metastable vapour film insulation, through vapour film retraction/collapse, to direct melt-water contact. These stages are linked to the evolution of melt-water heat transfer to verify the inverse relationship between vapour film stability and the degree of water subcooling. The direct contact stage in particular explains the extremely rapid quench rates determined from glass relaxation speedometry for natural limu. Since our experimentally produced limu is made entirely by the entrapping of ambient water in degassed basaltic melt, we argue that the presence of fast-quenched limu o Pele in natural deposits is not diagnostic of volatile-driven explosive eruptions. This must be taken into account if submarine eruption dynamics are to be accurately inferred from the deposits and particles they produce.
Improved Assemblies Using a Source-Agnostic Pipeline for MetaGenomic Assembly by Merging (MeGAMerge) of Contigs (2014)

Assembly of metagenomic samples is a very complex process, with algorithms designed to address sequencing platform-specific issues, (read length, data volume, and/or community complexity), while also faced with genomes that differ greatly in nucleotide compositional biases and in abundance. To address these issues, we have developed a post-assembly process: MetaGenomic Assembly by Merging (MeGAMerge). We compare this process to the performance of several assemblers, using both real, and in-silico generated samples of different community composition and complexity. MeGAMerge consistently outperforms individual assembly methods, producing larger contigs with an increased number of predicted genes, without replication of data. MeGAMerge contigs are supported by read mapping and contig alignment data, when using synthetically-derived and real metagenomic data, as well as by gene prediction analyses and similarity searches. MeGAMerge is a flexible method that generates improved metagenome assemblies, with the ability to accommodate upcoming sequencing platforms, as well as present and future assembly algorithms.
A mobile high-precision absolute gravimeter based on atom interferometry (2011)

We present the new mobile and robust gravimeter GAIN (Gravimetric Atom Interferometer), which is based on interfering ensembles of laser cooled 87Rb atoms in an atomic fountain configuration. With a targeted accuracy of a few parts in 1010 for the measurement of local gravity, g, this instrument should offer about an order of magnitude improvement in performance over the best currently available absolute gravimeters. Together with the capability to perform measurements directly at sites of geophysical interest, this will open up the possibility for a number of interesting applications.
Clinical Value of Mitochondrial Mutations in Colorectal Cancer (2005)

The D-loop region is a hotspot for somatic mutations in colorectal tumors. Moreover, presence of tumor D-loop mutation appears to be a factor of poor prognosis in colorectal patients and a factor of resistance to fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III colon cancers.
Mitigating Password Database Breaches with Intel SGX (2016)

In order to prevent rainbow attacks against a stolen password database, most passwords are appended with a unique salt before hashing them as to make the password random and more secure. However, the decreasing cost of hardware has made it feasible to perform brute force attacks by guessing the passwords (even when extended with their salt).
A Roadmap to Resolve the Big Questions (2012)

In the first half of the twentieth century, Irving Fischer described why people save. John Maynard Keynes then showed how individuals adjust their portfolios between cash and less liquid assets, while Franco Modigliani demonstrated how all these personal financial decisions evolve over one's lifetime. John von Neumann, Leonard Jimmie Savage, and Kenneth Arrow then incorporated uncertainty into the mix, and Harry Markowitz packaged the state of financial science into Modern Portfolio Theory.
LANDSAT Image Enhalncement for Mapping Fluvial Palaeofeatures in parts of Middle Ganga Basin, Bihar (1991)

Abstract An area in the Middle Ganga Basin, lying around Monghyr, Bihar, has been selected for delineation of fluvial palaeofeatures. The investigation is based on aerial photographs LANDSAT MSS and TM data products and ground data. Digital enhancement of LANDSAT MSS and TM data by linear contrast stretching and ratioing has been found to be highly powerful in identification and mapping of subtle fluvial palaeofeatures. Based on the above interpretation, a summary of the fluvial palaeo-history is presented.
Combination treatment with captopril and the thyroid hormone analogue 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid. A new approach to improving left ventricular performance in heart failure. (1993)

The combination of DITPA and captopril improved cardiac output, increased -dP/dtmax, and increased the rate of LV relaxation to a greater extent than captopril treatment in the rat postinfarction model of heart failure. Use of a cardiotonic analogue of thyroid hormone represents a new approach to improving LV performance and may be a useful adjunct to afterload reduction for the treatment of heart failure.