gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influences of Emotion on Learning and Memory (2017)

Emotion has a substantial influence on the cognitive processes in humans, including perception, attention, learning, memory, reasoning, and problem solving. Emotion has a particularly strong influence on attention, especially modulating the selectivity of attention as well as motivating action and behavior. This attentional and executive control is intimately linked to learning processes, as intrinsically limited attentional capacities are better focused on relevant information. Emotion also facilitates encoding and helps retrieval of information efficiently. However, the effects of emotion on learning and memory are not always univalent, as studies have reported that emotion either enhances or impairs learning and long-term memory (LTM) retention, depending on a range of factors. Recent neuroimaging findings have indicated that the amygdala and prefrontal cortex cooperate with the medial temporal lobe in an integrated manner that affords (i) the amygdala modulating memory consolidation; (ii) the prefrontal cortex mediating memory encoding and formation; and (iii) the hippocampus for successful learning and LTM retention. We also review the nested hierarchies of circular emotional control and cognitive regulation (bottom-up and top-down influences) within the brain to achieve optimal integration of emotional and cognitive processing. This review highlights a basic evolutionary approach to emotion to understand the effects of emotion on learning and memory and the functional roles played by various brain regions and their mutual interactions in relation to emotional processing. We also summarize the current state of knowledge on the impact of emotion on memory and map implications for educational settings. In addition to elucidating the memory-enhancing effects of emotion, neuroimaging findings extend our understanding of emotional influences on learning and memory processes; this knowledge may be useful for the design of effective educational curricula to provide a conducive learning environment for both traditional "live" learning in classrooms and "virtual" learning through online-based educational technologies.
Symmetrically centralized magnetic-wheel unit for wall-climbing robots (2007)

Traditional magnetic wall-climbing robot can not meet well the requirements on manoeuvrability, loading ability and self-adaptability on irregular ferromagnetic surface at the same time. A novel magnetic-wheel unit was introduced to solve this problem. The magnetic-wheel unit consists of wheel, permanent-magnet blocks and connecting parts. Its characteristic is that the permanentmagnet block is set symmetrically around the wheel and there is a distance between the block and the surface. There is a stable adsorption force between the unit and the surface, whatever the surface has different curvature radius. A novel wall-climbing robot, comprising of three units, was designed. Finite element analysis results show that the adsorption force varies less than 6%, when the robot is placed on the cylindrical surface with a curvature radius bigger than 1.5 m. the results are better than traditional mechanism.
Beryllium-containing II-VI semiconductor devices (1998)

An additional approach to further improve the reliability of ZnSe based devices is to use beryllium containing II-VI compounds. BeS, BeSe and BeTe are characterized by a considerable amount of covalent bonding and a high bond energy. This distinguishes these materials from the conventional ionic wide gap II-VI semiconductors like ZnSe, ZnTe or CdTe. Recently, thin film structures using Be- compounds have been fabricated and characterized. It became clear that--besides the application aspects--these materials are also very interesting from a more fundamental point of view. Using Be-containing II-VI compounds, ionic and covalent lattice matched II-VI materials can be combined in quantum well structures. The type II band alignment of BeTe and ZnSe gives additional freedom in the band gap engineering, and it is possible to grow lattice method quaternaries of low polarity onto silicon. Here, basic principles of Be containing II-VI compounds will be described, and the potential of these novel materials will be discussed.
PI3-kinase activity modulates apo B available for hepatic VLDL production in<i>apobec-1</i><sup><i>−/−</i></sup>mice (2006)

Insulin regulates hepatic VLDL production by activation of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) which decreases apo B available for lipid assembly. The current study evaluated the dependence of the VLDL apolipoprotein B (apo B) pathway on PI3-kinase activity in vivo. VLDL production was examined in B100 only, apo B mRNA editing catalytic subunit 1 (apobec-1(-/-)) mice, using the Triton WR 1339 method. Glucose injection suppressed VLDL triglyceride production by 28% in male and by 32% in female mice compared with saline-injected controls. When wortmannin was injected to inhibit PI3-kinase, VLDL triglyceride production was increased by 52% in males and by 89% in females, and VLDL B100 levels paralleled triglyceride changes. Pulse-chase experiments in primary mouse hepatocytes showed that wortmannin increased net freshly synthesized B100 availability by >35%. To test whether physiological insulin resistance produced equivalent effects to wortmannin, we studied male apobec-1(-/-) mice who became hyperlipidemic on being fed a fructose-enriched diet. Fructose-fed apobec-1(-/-) mice had significantly higher VLDL triglyceride and B100 production rates compared with chow-fed mice, and rates were refractile to glucose or wortmannin. Hepatic VLDL triglyceride and B100 production in wortmannin-injected chow-fed mice equaled that observed in fructose-fed mice. Together, results suggest in vivo and in vitro that wortmannin-sensitive PI3-kinases maintain a basal level of VLDL suppression that is sensitive to changes in activation and that can increase VLDL production when PI3-kinase is inhibited to levels similar to those induced by insulin resistance.
S1 nuclease recognizes DNA conformational junctions between left-handed helical (dT-dG n. dC-dA)n and contiguous right-handed sequences. (1984)

The ability of negative supercoiling to induce a left-handed helix in the recombinant plasmid pRW777, which contains a tract of 64 base pairs of almost perfect (dT-dG) . (dC-dA) from the mouse kappa immunoglobin gene, was studied. S1 nuclease recognizes and cleaves within the junction region which must exist adjacent to the (dT-dG)n . (dC-dA)n tract when in a left-handed state. The cleavage pattern indicates conformational flexibility and structural differences between the two existing junctions. The 64-base pair alternating copolymer undergoes the supercoil-induced formation of a left-handed state over the superhelical density range of -0.04 to -0.06, indicating that (dT-dG)n . (dC-dA) sequences form a left-handed helix less readily than (dC-dG)n . (dC-dG)n sequences of equivalent length. However, these supercoil densities are within the range found in vivo. Supercoil relaxation and antibody binding studies confirmed that the (dT-dG)n . (dC-dA)n tract in supercoiled pRW777 was in a left-handed helix.
The Relationship between Classroom Climate Variables and Student Achievement (2009)

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to first analyze quantitative data to identify if a relationship existed between classroom climate variables and student achievement.The quantitative data were taken from Progress Book software in a Northwest Ohio school district.Data from Progress Book was chosen to be analyzed because the studied district may use data from Progress Book, namely class grade average, to make decisions regarding the effectiveness of teachers.Additionally, data regarding the use of postings to Progress Book may be used by the studied district to make decisions about technology use in the district.Next, four teacher participants were chosen from the quantitative data as effective teachers.The four participants were observed and interviewed to ascertain the instructional strategies effective teachers use to engage students learners in their classrooms to increase student achievement and decrease office removals.The use of research-based practices was also explored. Significant negative correlations of Class GradeAverage with Postings on Progress Book, Number of Assignments, and Percent of Students on an IEP were found within the course data.A significant positive correlation between Class Grade Average and Class Size was also found.Within the teacher data set, a significant negative correlation between Class Grade Average and the Percent of Students on an IEP was established.All correlation coefficients were weak and indicate limited practical significance.The qualitative analysis resulted in the finding that while the quantitative data showed all four participants were effective, some were more effective than others based on the instructional
A Model and Experimental Study of Evaporation from Bare-Soil Surfaces (1992)

A model is constructed for estimating evaporation from bare-soil surfaces. In the model, the evaporation is parameterized with the soil-water content for the upper 2 cm of the soil (Kondo et al.), and the heat and water transport within the soil layer below 2 cm is explicitly described by the heat conduction and moisture diffusion equations. Experiments on evaporation from loam packed in pans are also carried out. The present model well simulates the observed evaporation and vertical profiles of soil temperature and water content. Long time simulations of evaporation by the present model an compared with the force-restore method and the bucket model for a drying period of over several months. The decrease in evaporation rate for the bucket model is comparatively small. However, the evaporation by the present model and the force-restore method decreases rapidly several days after the beginning of the drying period. Differences between the evaporation by the present model and that by the force-restore method appear after approximately 10 days from the onset of the drying period. The sensitivity of the present model on the wind velocity is tested. The evaporation is sensitive to the wind velocity when the soil is wet, but less sensitive when the soil is dried because the soil resistance to the water transport becomes large as compared with the aerodynamical resistance.
High-mobility two-dimensional electron gases in Si/SiGe heterostructures on relaxed SiGe layers grown at high temperature (1997)

Low-temperature mobilities for two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs)\nformed in tensile-strained Si/SiGe heterostructures are reported, with values up to\n2.7 × 105 cm2 V−1 s−1 for a density of 4.6 × 1011 cm−2 electrons. The strained\nlayers were grown at 600 ◦C in a ultra-high-vacuum chemical vapour deposition\nsystem using SiH4 and GeH4 operating at around 20 Pa. The surface morphology\nof the layers is also discussed and both the mobility and morphology are linked to\nthe quality of the virtual substrates. The virtual substrate consists of strain-relaxed\nSiGe alloys grown on Si(001) substrates; we show that it is preferable to grow\nthese substrates at higher temperatures and higher growth rates. For low growth\nrates and temperatures the 2DEG mobility as a function of sheet carrier density\nwas found to be degraded.
A digital color translation system (1980)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1981.
Coronal photographs, isophotes, and a flash spectrum from the solar eclipse of May 30, 1965 (1965)

d e of 38,000 f e e t during t h e eclipse of May 30, 1965.The i n i t i a l data and photo graphs a r e presented and t h e photometric accuracy of t h e data i s analyzed.A t t h e 3-5 arcsec level of s p a t i a l resolution, no o p t i c a l evidence of a i r c r a f t boundary-layer turbulence or window deformation was observed.The most d i f f i c u l t problem associated with coronal observation from an a i r c r a f t i s s t a b i l i z a t i o n of t h e l i n e of s i g h t f o r long exposures.The f l a s h spectrum produced accurate p o s i t i o n a l evidence of 8 prominences on or near t h e e a s t limb i n addition t o recording some 50 chromospheric and 2 coronal emission l i n e s .A probable upper l i m i t f o r instrumental s c a t t e r i n g during a n a t u r a l eclipse w a s established a t about 10 percent of t h e t o t a l coronal brightness.The extremely good agreement of t h e absolutely c a l i b r a t e d isophotes presented herein with t h e polar coronal brightnesses measured by previous observers places t h e photometric e r r o r a t l e s s than ~1 8 percent f o r t h e inner corona and l e s s than + l 3 percent beyond 2Rg.An e r r o r by a f a c t o r of about 1.8 has apparently been found i n t h e absolute brightnesses given f o r t h i s e c l i p s e by Professor Waldmeier.The photometrically uniform south polar corona has been shown t o extend t o position angles + 5 5 O from t h e polar a x i s .Within 1.8 % the polar regions a r e about one-third as b r i g h t as a major streamer.
Effect of device length and background doping on the relative magnitudes of phase and amplitude modulation in GaAs/AlGaAs PIN multiple quantum well waveguide optical modulators (1989)

In this paper we present a model for the behavior of a PIN waveguide optical modulator utilizing the quantum confined Stark effect. The model uses experimental data to determine the electric field dependence of absorption coefficient and refractive index changes in 100-A GaAs/100-A Al(0.3)Ga(0.7)As quantum wells, and then uses these data to model a symmetric waveguide structure with a core full of quantum wells. We have determined general design rules for the background doping and length of low chirp amplitude modulators and phase modulators with low amplitude modulation. The chief results are that the doping should be high for an amplitude modulator and low for a phase modulator, and in both cases the device should be kept short.
Declassification: Dimensions and principles (2009)

Computing systems often deliberately release (or declassify) sensitive information. A principal security concern for systems permitting information release is whether this release is safe: is it possible that the attacker compromises the information
Leveraging data about users in general in the learning of individual user models (2001)

Models of computer users that are learned on the basis of data can make use of two types of information: data about users in general and data about the current individual user. Focusing on user models that take the form of Bayesian networks, we compare four types of model that represent different ways of combining these two types of data. Models of the four types are applied to the data of an experiment, and they are evaluated according to theoretical, empirical, and practical criteria. One of the model types is a new variant of the AHUGIN method for adapting the probabilities of a Bayesian network while it is being used: Differential adaptation is a principled way of determining the speed with which each aspect of a network is adapted to an individual user. 1
Creating Streaming Iterative Soft Clustering Algorithms (2007)

There are an increasing number of large labeled and unlabeled data sets available. Clustering algorithms are the best suited for helping one make sense out of unlabeled data. However, scaling iterative clustering algorithms to large amounts of data has been a challenge. The computation time can be very great and for data sets that will not fit in even the largest memory, only carefully chosen subsets of data can be practically clustered. We present a general approach which enables iterative fuzzy/possibilistic clustering algorithms to be turned into algorithms that can handle arbitrary amounts of streaming data. The computation time is also reduced for very large data sets while the results of clustering will be very similar to clustering with all the data, if that was possible. We introduce transformed equations for fuzzy-C-means, possibilistic C-means, the Gustafson-Kessel algorithm and show the excellent performance with a streaming fuzzy C-means implementation. The resulting clusters are both sensible and for comparable data sets (those that fit in memory) almost identical to those obtained with the original clustering algorithm.
Method for Testing the Sterility of Total Nutrient Admixtures (1988)

A test for determining the sterility of a total nutrient admixture (TNA) containing equal quantities of 10% fat emulsion (Liposyn II), 8.5% amino acids injection, and 50% dextrose injection using the USP membrane filtration procedure was developed and evaluated. Membrane filter selection was determined by analysis of flow rates, membrane fluid compatibility, bubble point stability, and rinse fluid requirements. Microbial challenges employing five organisms (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and both soybean casein digest and fluid thioglycollate media were used to confirm the ability of the test to detect low-level microbial contamination. A polyvinylidene fluoride membrane was determined to be the most appropriate of the membrane types studied because of its superior flow rate and membrane-fluid compatibility. Bubble point testing revealed no detrimental effects on the membrane. The potential problem of haziness caused by retention of the TNA by the membrane with subsequent release in the culture media (which could result in false-positive growth determinations) was diminished by using a sterile 0.1% peptone solution rinse and careful observation techniques. Performance of the sterility test by six hospital pharmacists required an average of 14.2 minutes. Sterility testing of alternate TNAs compounded with Intralipid and Nutralipid was not feasible because of prolonged filtration times. The basic USP membrane filtration procedure for large-volume injections can be used by hospital pharmacists for testing the sterility of TNAs. When fat emulsions are used in compounding, sterility-testing procedures specific to the emulsion product used should be developed and evaluated.
Water‐insoluble dextrans by grafting, 2. Reaction of dextrans with n‐alkyl chloroformates. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis (1985)

Abstract This work deals with the modification reaction of dextran with ethyl and butyl chloroformate using tertiary amines as catalyst/acceptor systems and the DMF/LiCl system as solvent. The structure of the resulting polymers was determined by means of IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy as well as by chemical analyses. The reaction rate was found to increase in the following order: N,N′ ‐dimethylaniline < pyridine < triethylamine. The presence of cyclic carbonates was observed when triethylamine was used as catalyst. A linear dependence of the reaction rate on polymer and pyridine concentrations and a more complex dependence on the n‐alkyl chloroformate concentration were found. Reaction rate and yield decrease with increasing amount of LiCl in the solvent medium and increase with increasing chain length of the n‐alkyl chloroformate. The activation energy was found to be 64 kJ/mol (15,3 kcal/mol). The equilibrium water content (EWC) values decreases progressively when either the content of carbonate groups or the side chain length increases. The hydrolysis in the heterogeneous phase showed that the time required for the polymer solubilization is dependent upon the nature of the carbonate groups, the temperature as well as the pH value of the medium. Dextranase was found to be inactive in the hydrolysis of water‐insoluble modified dextrans. However, the hydrolysis takes place when water‐soluble modified dextrans were used.
Imprinting of a genomic domain of 11p15 and loss of imprinting in cancer: an introduction. (1999)

Our laboratory has found genomic imprinting of a large genomic domain of human 11p15.5, identifying six imprinted genes within this domain: (a) insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), an important autocrine growth factor in a wide variety of malignancies; (b) H19, an untranslated RNA that is a putative growth suppressor gene regulating IGF-II; (c) p57KIP2, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that causes G1-S arrest; (d) KvLQT1, a voltage-gated potassium channel; (e) TSSC3, a gene that is homologous to mouse TDAG51, which is implicated in Fas-mediated apoptosis; and (f) TSSC5, a putative transmembrane protein-encoding gene. We hypothesize that 11p15 harbors a large domain of imprinted growth-regulatory genes that are important in cancer. Several lines of evidence support this hypothesis: (a) we have discovered a novel genetic alteration in cancer, loss of imprinting, which affects several of these genes, and is one of the most common genetic changes in human cancer; (b) we have found that the hereditary disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, which predisposes to cancer and causes prenatal overgrowth, involves alterations in p57KIP2, IGF-II, H19, and KvLQT1; (c) we have found both genetic (somatic mutation in Wilms' tumor) and epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation) in cancer; and (d) we can partially reverse abnormal imprinting using an inhibitor of DNA methylation. We propose a model of genomic imprinting as a dynamic developmental process involving a chromosomal domain. According to this model, cancer involves both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms affecting this imprinted domain and the genes within it.
Identification of Residues Involved in Neurotensin Binding and Modeling of the Agonist Binding Site in Neurotensin Receptor 1 (2000)

The neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) subtype belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors and mediates most of the known effects of the neuropeptide including modulation of central dopaminergic transmission. This suggested that nonpeptide agonist mimetics acting at the NTR1 might be helpful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Here, we attempted to define the molecular interactions between neurotensin-(8-13), the pharmacophore of neurotensin, and the rat NTR1. Mutagenesis of the NTR1 identified residues that interact with neurotensin. Structure-activity studies with neurotensin-(8-13) analogs identified the peptide residues that interact with the mutated amino acids in the receptor. By taking these data into account, computer-assisted modeling techniques were used to build a tridimensional model of the neurotensin-(8-13)-binding site in which the N-terminal tetrapeptide of neurotensin-(8-13) fits in the third extracellular loop and the C-terminal dipeptide binds to residues at the junction between the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the receptor. Interestingly, the agonist binding site lies on top of the previously described NTR1-binding site for the nonpeptide neurotensin antagonist SR 48692. Our data provide a basis for understanding at the molecular level the agonist and antagonist binding modes and may help design nonpeptide agonist mimetics of the NTR1.
Pd(II)-Catalyzed <i>o</i>-C−H Acetoxylation of Phenylalanine and Ephedrine Derivatives with MeCOOO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu/Ac<sub>2</sub>O (2010)

Pd(II)-catalyzed ortho C-H acetoxylation of triflate protected phenethyl- and phenpropylamines has been achieved with tert-butyl peroxyacetate as the stoichiometric oxidant and either DMF or CH(3)CN as the promoter. The reaction was found to tolerate a large variety of functional groups and could be combined with subsequent intramolecular amination to afford functionalized indoline derivatives.
Chimeric 7E3 prevents carotid artery thrombosis in cynomolgus monkeys. (1994)

Inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor with c7E3 Fab was found to be safe and effective for the prevention of primary thrombus formation, whereas treatment with either aspirin or heparin or the combination of the two agents failed to protect against occlusive thrombus formation in cynomolgus monkeys.