gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 9362: Senescence Marker Protein 30 has a Cardio-protective Role in Doxorubicin-induced Cardiac Dysfunction (2013)

Background: Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30), which was originally identified as an aging marker protein, is assumed to act as a novel anti-aging factor in the liver, lungs and brain. Anthracyclines are the drugs most closely related to acute and late cardiac toxicity. One of the mechanisms responsible for doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicity is the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can harm membrane lipids and other cellular components, leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and death. We hypothesized that SMP30 has cardio-protective function due to its anti-aging and anti-oxidant effects on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiac dysfunction. Methods and Results: SMP30 knockout (SMP30 KO) mice, SMP30 transgenic (SMP30 TG) mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of SMP30 gene and wild-type (WT) littermate mice were given intra-peritoneal injections of DOX (20 mg/kg) or saline. Seven days after DOX injection, echocardiography revealed that left ventricular ejection fraction was more severely reduced in the DOX-treated SMP30 KO mice than in the DOX-treated WT mice, but was preserved in the DOX-treated SMP30 TG mice. Generation of ROS and oxidative DNA damage in the myocardium were greater in the DOX-treated SMP30 KO mice than in the DOX-treated WT mice, but much less in the SMP30 TG mice. The number of deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling positive cardiomyocytes was higher in the DOX-treated SMP30 KO mice and lower in the DOX-treated SMP30 TG mice compared to that in the DOX-treated WT mice. Caspase-3 activity was higher in the DOX-treated SMP30 KO mice and lower in the DOX-treated SMP30 TG mice compared with the DOX-treated WT mice. The ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 was higher in the DOX-treated SMP30 KO mice and lower in the DOX-treated SMP30 TG mice than in the DOX-treated WT mice. Phosphorylation activity of SAPK/JNK was increased in the DOX-treated SMP30 KO mice and was decreased in the DOX-treated SMP30 TG mice compared with the DOX-treated WT mice. Conclusions: SMP30 has a cardio-protective role by anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, and can be a new therapeutic target to prevent DOX-induced heart failure.
Notes on Impeded Estrogens (1956)

Using the uteri of immature mice as a test object, the slopes of the dose-response curves for several estrogens appear to fall into 3 or more categories. In addition to estriol and 16-oxoestrone, a substance related structurally to stilbestrol showed a shallow slope, and a Vallestril derivative showed a slope steeper than the impeded estrogens, but not as steep as those of certain standard substances.
Comparison of vector velocity imaging using directional beamforming and transverse oscillation for a convex array transducer (2014)

Vector velocity imaging can reveal both the magnitude and direction of the blood velocity. Several techniques have been suggested for estimating the velocity, and this paper compares the performance for directional beam-forming and transverse oscillation (TO) vector flow imaging (VFI). Data have been acquired using the SARUS experimental ultrasound scanner connected to a BK 8820e (BK Medical, Herlev, Denmark) convex array probe with 192 active elements. A duplex sequence with 129 B-mode emissions interleaved with 129 flow emissions has been made. The flow was generated in a recirculating flow rig with a stationary, laminar flow, and the volume flow was measured by a MAG 3000 (Danfos, Sønderbog, Denmark) magnetic flow meter for reference. Data were beamformed with an optimized transverse oscillation scheme for the TO VFI, and standard fourth-order estimators were employed for the velocity estimation. Directional RF lines were beamformed along the flow direction and cross-correlation employed to estimate the velocity magnitude. The velocities were determined for beam-to-flow angles of 60, 75 and 90 degrees. Using 32 emissions the standard deviation relative to the peak velocity for TO estimation was 7.0% at a beam-to-flow angle of 75° . This was 3.8% for directional beamforming and at 60° it was 2.2%. The general improvement, however, comes at an increase by a factor of roughly 11 in the number of calculations for the directional beamformation compared to the TO method.
Causal Rasch models (2013)

Rasch's unidimensional models for measurement show how to connect object measures (e.g., reader abilities), measurement mechanisms (e.g., machine-generated cloze reading items), and observational outcomes (e.g., counts correct on reading instruments). Substantive theory shows what interventions or manipulations to the measurement mechanism can be traded off against a change to the object measure to hold the observed outcome constant. A Rasch model integrated with a substantive theory dictates the form and substance of permissible interventions. Rasch analysis, absent construct theory and an associated specification equation, is a black box in which understanding may be more illusory than not. Finally, the quantitative hypothesis can be tested by comparing theory-based trade-off relations with observed trade-off relations. Only quantitative variables (as measured) support such trade-offs. Note that to test the quantitative hypothesis requires more than manipulation of the algebraic equivalencies in the Rasch model or descriptively fitting data to the model. A causal Rasch model involves experimental intervention/manipulation on either reader ability or text complexity or a conjoint intervention on both simultaneously to yield a successful prediction of the resultant observed outcome (count correct). We conjecture that when this type of manipulation is introduced for individual reader text encounters and model predictions are consistent with observations, the quantitative hypothesis is sustained.
All-optical reshaping of light pulses using χ/sup (2)/ media (2004)

A passive and efficient method for reshaping optical pulses is proposed, which uses two successive optical cavities containing nonlinear /spl chi//sup (2)/ crystals. The proposed scheme ables to reshape low power light pulses, performed at 1.06 /spl mu/m and at low bit rates. Potentialities of extension of the technique to real optical telecommunication conditions are also discussed.
Image Tracking Study on Courtship Behavior of Drosophila (2012)

The overlapped fruit flies can be identified based on the relationship between body centers. Moreover, the behaviors and profiles can be correctly recognized by image processing based on the constraints of the wing angle and the size of the body. Therefore, the behavior of the male fruit flies can be discriminated when two or three fruit flies form a close cluster. In this study, the courtship behavior, including wing songs and attempts, can currently be distinguished with accuracies of 95.8% and 90%, respectively.
Síndrome de Prune Perineum (2013)

Os autores apresentam um caso de sobrevida da Síndrome de Prune Perineum, depois de um ano de evolução. A criança (XY) tem sido acompanhada no Hospital Guilherme Álvaro – UNILUS (Santos, São Paulo, Brasil). O paciente foi submetido a colostomia e apresentava várias alterações na exploração cirúrgica no período neonatal. O caso foi estudado e debatido por muitos especialistas. A opinião de consenso foi esperar e observar o crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança. A presente publicação tem como principal objetivo receber opiniões para futura orientação do caso.
Folding events in the 21-30 region of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) studied <i>in silico</i> (2005)

Oligomeric assemblies of the amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease as a primary source of neurotoxicity. Recent in vitro studies have suggested that a 10-residue segment, Ala-21-Ala-30, forms a turn-like structure that nucleates the folding of the full-length Abeta. To gain a mechanistic insight, we simulated Abeta(21-30) folding by using a discrete molecular dynamics algorithm and a united-atom model incorporating implicit solvent and a variable electrostatic interaction strength (EIS). We found that Abeta(21-30) folds into a loop-like conformation driven by an effective hydrophobic attraction between Val-24 and the butyl portion of the Lys-28 side chain. At medium EIS [1.5 kcal/mol (1 cal = 4.18 J)], unfolded conformations almost disappear, in agreement with experimental observations. Under optimal conditions for folding, Glu-22 and Asp-23 form transient electrostatic interactions (EI) with Lys-28 that stabilize the loop conformations. Glu-22-Lys-28 is the most favored interaction. High EIS, as it occurs in the interior of proteins and aggregates, destabilizes the packing of Val-24 and Lys-28. Analysis of the unpacked structures reveals strong EI with predominance of the Asp-23-Lys-28 interaction, in agreement with studies of molecular modeling of full-length Abeta fibrils. The binary nature of the EI involving Lys-28 provides a mechanistic explanation for the linkage of amino acid substitutions at Glu-22 with Alzheimer's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Substitutions may alter the frequency of Glu-22 or Asp-23 involvement in contact formation and affect the stability of the folding nucleus formed in the Abeta(21-30) region.
Role of Cl/Si Ratio in the Low-Temperature Chloro-Carbon Epitaxial Growth of SiC (2013)

In order to understand the influence of the Cl/Si ratio on the morphology of the low-temperature chloro-carbon epitaxial growth, HCl was added during the SiCl4/CH3Cl growth at 1300°C. Use of higher Cl/Si ratio allowed only modest improvements of the growth rate without morphology degradation, which did not go far beyond what has been achieved previously by optimizing the value of the input C/Si ratio. On the other hand, when the epitaxial growth process operated at too low or too high values of the input C/Si ratio, i.e., outside of the window of good epilayer morphology, any additional increase of the Cl/Si ratio caused improvement of the epilayer morphology. It was established that this improvement was due to a change of the effective C/Si ratio towards its intermediate values, which corresponded to more favorable growth conditions.
Impairment of Mycophenolate Mofetil Absorption by Calcium Polycarbophil (2002)

The effect of calcium polycarbophil on the absorption of mycophenolate mofetil, an immunosuppressive agent, was evaluated in healthy subjects. In vitro studies were performed to further evaluate the mechanism of the potential interaction. In the in vitro study, the release of mycophenolate mofetil from a cellulose membrane in the presence or absence of metal cations was measured using the dissolution test procedure. In the in vivo study, a randomized crossover design with two phases was used. In one phase, 6 male healthy volunteers received 1000 mg of mycophenolate mofetil alone (treatment 1); in the other phase, they received 1000 mg of mycophenolate mofetil and 2400 mg of calcium polycarbophil fine granules concomitantly (treatment 2). They received 30 mg of lansoprazole for 5 days and, on the 6th day, received mycophenolate mofetil and 2400 mg of calcium polycarbophil fine granules concomitantly (treatment 3). The serum concentration of mycophenolic acid was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. In the in vitro study, the release from a cellulose membrane in the presence of calcium or iron ions was slower than that in the absence of these metal ions. In the in vivo study, the AUC0-12 and C(max) in treatment 2 were less than those in treatment 1. About 50% and 25% decreases in AUC0-12 in treatment 2 and treatment 3 were observed compared with those in treatment 1, respectively. These findings suggest that when mycophenolate mofetil and calcium polycarbophil were coadministered concomitantly, a decrease in mycophenolate mofetil absorption was observed. Therefore, it appears clear that the concomitant administration of mycophenolate mofetil and calcium polycarbophil should be avoided.
Antibodies to Xenopus egg S6 kinase II recognize S6 kinase from progesterone- and insulin-stimulated Xenopus oocytes and from proliferating chicken embryo fibroblasts. (1987)

Ribosomal protein S6 becomes highly phosphorylated during progesterone- or insulin-induced maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes. We have previously purified an Mr 92,000 protein as one of the major S6 kinases from Xenopus unfertilized eggs. In this paper we confirm by renaturation of activity from a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel that this protein is an S6 kinase. This enzyme, termed S6 kinase II (S6 K II), was used for the preparation of polyclonal antiserum. Immunocomplexes formed with the antiserum and purified S6 K II were able to express kinase activity with the same substrate specificity as that of the purified enzyme, including autophosphorylation of S6 K II itself. The antiserum did not react with S6 kinase I, another major S6 kinase present in Xenopus eggs, which is chromatographically distinct from S6 K II. The administration of progesterone to oocytes resulted in a 20- to 25-fold increase in S6 kinase activity in extracts of these cells. Immunocomplex kinase assays done on extracts revealed that anti-S6 K II serum reacted with S6 kinase from progesterone-treated oocytes. This antiserum also reacted with the activated S6 kinase from insulin-stimulated oocytes. In addition, anti-S6 K II serum reacted with activated S6 kinase from chicken embryo fibroblasts stimulated with serum or transformed by Rous sarcoma virus. These results indicate that S6 K II or an antigenically related S6 kinase(s) is subject to regulation by mitogenic stimuli in various cell types.
Addressing Barriers to the Development and Adoption of Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Global Health (2015)

Immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have demonstrated significant potential for use as point-of-care diagnostic tests in resource-limited settings. Most notably, RDTs for malaria have reached an unparalleled level of technological maturity and market penetration, and are now considered an important complement to standard microscopic methods of malaria diagnosis. However, the technical development of RDTs for other infectious diseases, and their uptake within the global health community as a core diagnostic modality, has been hindered by a number of extant challenges. These range from technical and biological issues, such as the need for better affinity agents and biomarkers of disease, to social, infrastructural, regulatory and economic barriers, which have all served to slow their adoption and diminish their impact. In order for the immunochromatographic RDT format to be successfully adapted to other disease targets, to see widespread distribution, and to improve clinical outcomes for patients on a global scale, these challenges must be identified and addressed, and the global health community must be engaged in championing the broader use of RDTs.
NEW ENERGETIC MATERIALS FOR THE PROPULSION OF SPACE VEHICLES AND ROCKETS (2008)

The advent of new energetic materials such as ADN, HNF, NTO, CL-20, etc., the availability of energetic binders such as GAP, BAMO, AMMO etc., energetic plasticizers such as butyl NENA, DANPE, etc. has opened a new era in the development of advanced solid propellants, capable of delivering a very high energy (Isp ∼ 300 s). The emergence of nano-energetic materials is likely to change the scene of advanced propellants drastically. This paper reports the results of research and development carried out on propellants based on HNF, CL-20, and metallic powders, like Zr and Ti, with both conventional and energetic binders, and energetic plasticizers. Advanced solid propellant compositions containing 60% RDX along with GAP as the energetic binder and TMETN as the energetic plasticizer produced burn rate of around 15 mm/s, whereas a composition containing CL-20 and GAP produced burn rates of 20 mm/s. CL-20 has an edge over RDX/HMX, as a potential oxidizer or high energy additive. The combination of HNF with GAP and the BAMO/THF co-polymer as a binder with metal hydrides appears to be highly promising when taking into account energy considerations. The of 40% HNF in a NC-NG matrix with GAP as the energetic plasticizer produced a burn rate of 36mm/s at 9 MPa with a pressure index of 0.70 and is capable of producing Isp of 270 s. The use of 50-60% Zr powder-based fuel rich propellants produced stable combustion in a primary motor. The replacement of conventional plasticizers with energetic plasticizers raised the burn rate by 2-3 fold for Ti- and Ni-based fuel rich propellants.
Wavelength-selective absorption enhancement in thin-film solar cells (1983)

We present the general principle of wavelength-selective enhancement of absorption in thin-film solar cells by a periodic grating substrate. By exact numerical calculation we demonstrate that substantial short-circuit current gains are realizable in thin-film amorphous silicon (a-SiHx) solar cells. In particular, for a 0.5-μm-thick a-SiHx solar cell, optimal texturing of an Ag substrate to form a one-dimensional reflective grating can yield a 2-mA/cm2 enhancement over the flat substrate case. For a two-dimensional cross-hatched grating substrate the enhancement is estimated to be 3.5–4 mA/cm2.
Recent Developments in Heteroepitaxial Nucleation and Growth of Diamond on Silicon (1996)

After the successful controlled heteroepitaxial nucleation of diamond on 3C-SiC epitaxial films and on bare silicon wafers, respectively, obtained by research groups in the USA and Germany in 1992, considerable technical progress and scientifical understanding in the area of heteroepitaxy of CVD diamond have been achieved. The decisive role of ion bombardment for the bias-enhanced epitaxial diamond nucleation is clearly demonstrated. Cross-sectional high resolution electron microscopic (XREM) investigations show the direct epitaxy of diamond on silicon with a periodic 3-to-2 registry of {111} atom planes of the epitaxial diamond—silicon interface. Although the epitaxial growth is of Volmer-Weber type with slight misorientation, i.e., polycrystalline with epitaxial orientation of individual crystallites, the crystallographical and physical properties of these films represent a significant improvement over the usual randomly oriented films, owing to the reduction of the grain boundary angle distribution width to a few degrees. This paper summarizes results obtained recently in our group in the area of heteroepitaxy of diamond on silicon and discusses problems still to be resolved.
HIV infection and tuberculosis. (1990)

attendance of those invited was poor.The resulta reduction of population mortality from breast cancer of 29% in women aged 55 plus-despite the poor attendance is actually most impressive for this seven year (relatively early) analysis of results.It is in line with those of the other randomised trials of screening in Scandinavia and New York.
Chemical Sensors Based On Oxygen Detection By Optical Methods (1986)

Fluorescence quenching is shown to be a viable method of measuring oxygen concentration. Two oxygen/optical transducers based on fluorescence quenching have been developed and characterized: one is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic. The development of both transducers provides great flexibility in the application of fluorescence to oxygen measurement. One transducer is produced by entrapping a fluorophor, 9,10-diphenyl anthracene, in poly(dimethyl siloxane) to yield a homogeneous composite polymer matrix. The resulting matrix is hydrophobic. This transducer is extremely sensitive to PO2 as a result of oxygen quenching the fluorescence of 9,10-diphenyl anthracene. This quenching is utilized in the novel method employed to measure the transport properties of oxygen within Ulf 2matrix. Results show large values for the diffusion coefficient at 25°C, D = 3.5 x 10-5 cm /s. The fluorescence intensity varies inversely with P02. The second oxygen transducer is fabricated by entrapping 9,10-diphenyl anthracene in poly(hydroxy ethyl methacrylate). Free radical, room temperature polymerization is employed. This transducer is hydrophilic, and contains 37% water. The transport properties of oxygen within this transducer are compared with those of the hydrophobic transducer. The feasibility of generalizing the oxygen transducers to a wider class of chemical sensors through coupling to other chemistries is proposed. An example of such coupling is given in a glucose/oxygen transducer. The glucose transducer is produced by entrapping an enzyme, glucose oxidase, in the composite matrix of the hydrophilic oxygen transducer. Glucose oxidase catalyzes a reaction between glucose and oxygen, thereby lowering the local oxygen concentration. This transducer yields a glucose modified optical oxygen signal. The operation of this transducer and preliminary results of its characterization are presented.
A novel pedestrian dead reckoning algorithm using wearable EMG sensors to measure walking strides (2010)

In personal navigation, pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) systems based on low-cost self-contained sensors exploit the kinematics of human walking, and are well suited for indoor use and in urban canyons where GPS signals are degraded or not available. Considering the electromyography (EMG), which measures electrical potentials generated by muscle contractions from human body, would reflect the muscle activities during human locomotion, this kind of biomedical signal can be utilized to capture human walking characteristics in PDR. The work presented in this paper is the consecutive step of our pilot studies in further developing a novel and robust PDR solution using wearable EMG sensors to measure walking steps. Our PDR solution includes the EMG-based activity classification, step occurrence detection, and step length estimation, as well as the position calculation with the heading from a two-axis digital compass. To avoid step misdetection, two kinds of activities: walking normally and standing still, are classified via the hidden Markov model classifier fed by the sample entropy features extracted from the raw EMG data. Some EMG statistical parameters are also investigated to establish the optimized step length model. To validate the feasibility and effectiveness of this method, several field tests were conducted by a male tester in two experimental sessions, to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the method using EMG to measure walking steps. Furthermore, the results indicate the performance of the PDR solution is comparable to that of the GPS under open-sky environments.
Photon Enhanced Thermionic Emission for Solar Energy Harvesting Final Report to the Global Climate and Energy Project (2013)

Abstract Not Provided
Pedestrians and their phones - detecting phone-based activities of pedestrians for autonomous vehicles (2016)

Over the last decade, there have been many studies that focus on modeling driver behavior, and in particular detecting and overcoming driver distraction in an effort to reduce accidents caused by driver negligence. Such studies assume that the entire onus of avoiding accidents are on the driver alone. In this study, we adopt a different stance and study the behavior of pedestrians instead. In particular, we focus on detecting pedestrians who are engaged in secondary activities involving their cellphones and similar hand-held multimedia devices from a purely vision-based standpoint. To achieve this objective, we propose a pipeline incorporating articulated human pose estimation, and the use gradient based image features to detect the presence/absence of a device in either hand of a pedestrian. Information from different streams and their dependencies on one another are encoded by a belief network. This network is then used to predict a probability score suggesting the involvement of a subject with his/her device.