gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocurrent generation in lateral graphene p-n junction created by electron-beam irradiation (2015)

Graphene has been considered as an attractive material for optoelectronic applications such as photodetectors owing to its extraordinary properties, e.g. broadband absorption and ultrahigh mobility. However, challenges still remain in fundamental and practical aspects of the conventional graphene photodetectors which normally rely on the photoconductive mode of operation which has the drawback of e.g. high dark current. Here, we demonstrated the photovoltaic mode operation in graphene p-n junctions fabricated by a simple but effective electron irradiation method that induces n-type doping in intrinsic p-type graphene. The physical mechanism of the junction formation is owing to the substrate gating effect caused by electron irradiation. Photoresponse was obtained for this type of photodetector because the photoexcited electron-hole pairs can be separated in the graphene p-n junction by the built-in potential. The fabricated graphene p-n junction photodetectors exhibit a high detectivity up to ~3 × 10(10) Jones (cm Hz(1/2) W(-1)) at room temperature, which is on a par with that of the traditional III-V photodetectors. The demonstrated novel and simple scheme for obtaining graphene p-n junctions can be used for other optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and be applied to other two dimensional materials based devices.
Continuum-miniband superlattice-base transistor with graded-gap electron injector (1989)

A new superlattice-base unipolar transistor is reported. Electrons are injected via a graded-gap emitter into a miniband lying above the top of the barriers. By controlling the emitter-base voltage, strong quantum reflections from the minigaps and the associated negative transconductance are induced.
p-t-Butyl-calix[4]arene tetracarboxylic acid. A water soluble calixarene in a cone structure (1984)

Treatment of p-t-butyl-calix[4]arene (1) with t-butyl bromoacetate in tetrahydrofuran–N,N-dimethylfromamide gives, after hydrolysis, a tetracarboxylic acid which exists in a cone structure with an enforced hydrophobic cavity, and whose alkali and ammonium salts are soluble in water.
Facilitated analysis of data on drug regimen compliance (1997)

Drug actions depend on dose and intervals between doses, in ways that are drug-specific and sometimes complex, complicating the use of drug dosing histories as an explanatory variable in the analysis of clinical trials. We describe a spread-sheet method for conveniently displaying patients' drug dosing histories, to facilitate identification of dosing correlates of clinically important events.
Fault Diagnosis Method for Mobile Robots Using Multi-CMAC Neural Networks (2007)

Multi-CMAC (cerebellar model articulation controller) neural networks based fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) method for mobile robots are proposed. Three failure types (system fault, sensor fault, and combined fault) are handled. Mobile robot system consists of several functional modules belonging to different module groups, which execute different tasks. According to the consistency among sensors information between the neighbor modules in the same module group, the method of fault diagnosis is studied. Then, multiple CMAC neural networks are used to implement the diagnosis. One CMAC neural network is set to one module group. In the neural network, the sensor information is used as the inputs and the fault signals are used as the outputs. As an example, the method is implemented on a drive system of a wheeled mobile robot. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Measurement of solid–liquid interface temperature during pulsed excimer laser melting of polycrystalline silicon films (1994)

A nanosecond time resolution pyrometer has been developed for measuring the transient temperature of thin polycrystalline silicon (p-Si) films irradiated by a pulsed excimer laser. The sample design structure and material optical properties allow direct measurement of the temperature at the solid–liquid phase change interface.
Insect Repellent/Antifeedant Activity of 2,4-Methanoproline and Derivatives against a Leaf- and Seed-Feeding Pest Insect (2005)

2,4-methanoproline is a natural product isolated from the seeds of Ateleia herbert smithii Pittier that was formerly suggested to have insect repellent/antifeedant activity; however, this was not tested quantitatively. In this study the insect repellent/antifeedant potency of methanoproline was measured against larvae of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), and adults of the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). In addition, several N-alkyl, amino, and nitrile derivatives of methanoproline with varying stereodemanding substituents were synthesized and also tested. It was shown that in S. littoralis methanoproline itself did not show any significant activity but that derivatives 5, 7, 8, and 10 did show a reasonable repulsive/antifeedant activity that was comparable to the commercial repellent DEET. A significant repellent activity was scored for methanoproline in adults of C. maculatus that was similar to DEET.
On the parameter identification and application of the Jiles-Atherton hysteresis model for numerical modelling of measured characteristics (1999)

The application of the Jiles-Atherton hysteresis model for numerical modelling of measured magnetic hysteresis characteristics of constructional steel is investigated. Parameter identification is done using the stochastic optimization method "simulated annealing". Modifications of the original model, which were proposed to overcome its drawbacks, are examined, resulting in a new combined Jiles-Atherton and scaling model.
Towards the textile transistor: Assembly and characterization of an organic field effect transistor with a cylindrical geometry (2006)

Cylindrical organic field effect transistors have been obtained starting from a metallic fiber used in textile processes. The metal core of the yarn, covered with a thin polyimide layer, is the gate of the structure. A top-contact device can be obtained by depositing a layer of organic semiconductor followed by the deposition of source and drain top contacts, made by metals or conductive polymers, deposited by evaporation or soft lithography. Thanks to the flexibility of the structure and the low cost of technologies, this device is a meaningful step towards innovative applications of textile electronics.
Temporal databases (1994)

This article presents a Temporal Enhanced Entity-Relationship (TEER) model, which shows how temporal information can be captured within a conceptual data model and extended to the relational data model. The time elements proposed for the TEER model include both transaction time and valid time. In order to support time-related queries, the query language SQL has been extended for definition, retrieval, and control of historical relations. For the commercialization of temporal databases, several technical and non-technical issues need to be resolved. This article provides a discussion of these issues and evaluates its progress toward commercialization.
A Comparative Study on Transformer vs RNN in Speech Applications (2019)

Sequence-to-sequence models have been widely used in end-to-end speech processing, for example, automatic speech recognition (ASR), speech translation (ST), and text-to-speech (TTS). This paper focuses on an emergent sequence-to-sequence model called Transformer, which achieves state-of-the-art performance in neural machine translation and other natural language processing applications. We undertook intensive studies in which we experimentally compared and analyzed Transformer and conventional recurrent neural networks (RNN) in a total of 15 ASR, one multilingual ASR, one ST, and two TTS benchmarks. Our experiments revealed various training tips and significant performance benefits obtained with Transformer for each task including the surprising superiority of Transformer in 13/15 ASR benchmarks in comparison with RNN. We are preparing to release Kaldi-style reproducible recipes using open source and publicly available datasets for all the ASR, ST, and TTS tasks for the community to succeed our exciting outcomes.
Do mothers want professional carers to love their babies? (2011)

This article reports an aspect of a life historical study which investigated the part that ‘love’ played in mothers’ decision-making about returning to work and placing their babies in day care. The article begins with a brief discussion of the context, including 21st-century policies in England to encourage mothers to return to the workforce (DfES, 2004; HMT, 2009). This is followed by a critical overview of relevant literature exploring three key themes: an historical view of women in the workforce, Attachment Theory, and theorizing ‘love’ and ‘care’. The life-historical methodology is discussed and justified and seven key themes are briefly identified and explained. The article then focuses specifically on the theme of ‘love’ using life-history interview data and key literature to discuss mothers’ views on the importance of ‘love’, the saliency of ‘ love’ in choosing childcare, and the notion of ‘ professional love’.
A Cable Driven Robotic System to Train Finger Function After Stroke (2007)

This paper presents a novel robotic interface to train intrinsic finger movements. The mechanical design, base on a cable system interacting with the fingers, offers the possibility of adapting the interface to accommodate various hand sizes and finger orientation. A main feature of the device is a clutch system, which consists of five clutches, one for each finger, that can be switched to three different modes: ( rest mode: the fingers are mechanically maintained at a fixed position, (ii) passive (from the view of the interface) mode: the finger is free to move along the path defined by the cable, and (iii) active mode: the force generated by the motor is applied to the finger.) With this mechanism, it is possible to train hand muscle function using only one actuator. The interaction wit the subject is measured by means of a position encoder an five force sensors located close to the output. We describe the human-oriented design of our underactuated robotic interface based on measured biomechanics. We detail the redundant safety mechanisms, the actuation, sensing and control system and report the performance and preliminary results obtained with this interface.
The forensic use of luminol chemiluminescence to detect traces of blood inside motor vehicles (2004)

The luminol test for blood was carried out on a set of interior fittings and surfaces inside three different makes of modern motor car. The surfaces and fittings provided little interference with the test for blood, although there was some detectable chemiluminescence when the test was applied to blood-free material from a seatbelt, a boot-lining and a gear-knob. The case with which haemoglobin samples could be washed off interior car surfaces was also examined for seat fabrics, carpets, roof-linings and various other plastic interior surfaces. A standard wash with water alone was not very effective and removed only ca. 50% of the haemoglobin. A standard wash with soapy water or with a proprietary multipurpose car cleaner removed ca. 90% of the haemoglobin from the tested surface. The effect of high car interior temperatures on haemoglobin samples that were subsequently used in the luminol test was also examined. It was shown that the sensitivity of the luminol test was not decreased but was increased by the prior heating of a haemoglobin sample. This effect was attributed to the thermal conversion of haemoglobin to the more brighter catalyst for chemiluminescence, methaemoglobin. The enthalpy of this conversion in the solid state was found to be 14.1 kJ/mol.
Middle-Aged Men Show Higher Sensitivity of Sleep to the Arousing Effects of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Than Young Men: Clinical Implications (2001)

The prevalence of insomnia associated with emotional stress increases markedly in middle-age. Both the top and end hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, i.e. CRH and glucocorticoids, stimulate arousal/wakefulness and inhibit slow wave (deep) sleep in experimental animals and man. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that middle-age is characterized by increased sensitivity to the sleep-disturbing effects of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. We studied 12 healthy middle-aged (45.1 +/- 4.9) and 12 healthy young (22.7 +/- 2.8) men by monitoring their sleep by polysomnography for 4 consecutive nights, including in tandem 1 adaptation and 2 baseline nights and a night during which we administered equipotent doses of ovine CRH (1 microg/kg, iv bolus) 10 min after sleep onset. Analyses included comparisons within and between groups using multiple ANOVA and regression analysis. Although both middle-aged and young men responded to CRH with similar elevations of ACTH and cortisol, the former had significantly more wakefulness and suppression of slow wave sleep compared with baseline sleep; in contrast, the latter showed no change. Also, comparison of the change in sleep patterns from baseline to the CRH night in the young men to the respective change observed in middle-aged men showed that middle-age was associated with significantly higher wakefulness and significantly greater decrease in slow wave sleep than in young age. We conclude that middle-aged men show increased vulnerability of sleep to stress hormones, possibly resulting in impairments in the quality of sleep during periods of stress. We suggest that changes in sleep physiology associated with middle-age play a significant role in the marked increase of prevalence of insomnia in middle-age.
Zeolite Synthesis by the High-Pressure Hydrothermal Method: Synthesis of Natural 6-Ring Zeolites with Different Void Systems (2001)

Mimicking recommended! The natural formation conditions of zeolites can be mimicked by treating water-free glass precursors with the composition of the natural zeolite under high-pressure hydrothermal conditions. The picture shows the indexing of the surface of a faujasite crystal obtained in this way. This process can be adapted for the tailored synthesis of zeolites with new properties.
The effects of acid and alkali on wheat starch extrusion cooking (1985)

Analyse statistique des resultats de l'influence de l'acide o-phosphorique (0 a 1,5 %) ou de l'hydroxyde de sodium (0 a 4 %) et de l'humidite (15 a 60 %) sur l'alteration de l'amidon et sa capacite d'absorption d'eau
Motor response to levodopa and the evolution of motor fluctuations in the first decade of treatment of Parkinson's disease (2002)

Thirty-four patients with Parkinson's disease were followed for a mean period of 8 years from the time of initiation of levodopa medication. Levodopa response was charted from the starting point of pharmacological treatment to give a longitudinal point of view of the changes that evolve as the disease progresses. Objective measurements of the motor response to levodopa test-doses were made at approximately three yearly intervals. Motor fluctuations developed in 58% of the patient group after a mean treatment period of 35 months. Dyskinesia developed in parallel with fluctuations but appeared on average 7 months before symptomatic wearing-off effects of levodopa doses. The patients with motor fluctuations had significantly better responses to levodopa. By contrast, nonfluctuators were more prone to develop increasing midline motor disability affecting speech, gait and balance. Comparison of test-dose and pretreatment scores suggested that a substantial long-duration response to levodopa remains after many years of treatment, and that lateralized motor deficits show a stronger long duration response than midline ones. Motor fluctuations are a consequence of disease progression but their early development is, on balance, associated with better long-term functional ability because these patients have the greater capacity to respond to pharmacological treatment.
Critical Radial Temperature Gradient Inducing Slip Dislocations in Silicon Epitaxy Using Dual Heating of the Two Surfaces of a Wafer (1986)

Heating both wafer surfaces allowed us to efficiently control the radial temperature gradient, d T /d r , even for large wafers (150 mm diameter). With an epitaxial-growth apparatus using dual heating of the two surfaces of a wafer, the relation between inducing slip dislocations and the values of d T /d r were experimentally examined. It was found that it was necessary to keep the maximum temperature gradient lower than between 6 and 11°C/cm in order to accomplish slip-free epitaxy in the temperature ranges of 1100°C to 1250°C and at 930°C, respectively. The maximum shear stresses were calculated for the temperature distributions of each wafer by a finite-element computer model. It was concluded that the critical shear stress (inducing slip dislocations) was between 6×10 6 and 9×10 6 N/m 2 in the temperature range between 1100 and 1250°C and at 930°C, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dithienopyridines Through Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Coupling of ortho‐Formylthiopheneboronic Acids with tert.‐Butyl‐N‐(ortho‐halothienyl)carbamates. (1988)

Abstract As demonstrated in the scheme by the synthesis of (III) and (VI), six out of the nine possible isomeric dithienopyridines with phenanthrene anellation pattern are prepared by the Pd(0)‐catalyzed reaction of (I) or (IV) with appropriate carbamates of type (II)/(V).
Eighty kilometre transmission experiment using an InGaAs/InP SPAD-based quantum cryptography receiver operating at 1.55 μm (2001)

Abstract A polarization-based receiver for quantum key distribution incorporating an InGaAs/InP single photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD) has been constructed to investigate the potential for increasing the transmission distance in long wavelength quantum key distribution systems beyond the 50km range.
Development of Autonomous Navigation System Using 3D Map with Geometric and Semantic Information (2017)

This paper presents an autonomous navigation system. Our system is based on an accurate 3D map, which includes “geometric information” (e.g., curb, wall, street tree) and “semantic information” (e.g., sidewalk, roadway, crosswalk) extracted by environmental recognition. By using the semantic map, we can obtain the suitable area to keep away from undesired places. Furthermore, by comparing the map with real-time 3D geometric information from LIDAR, we obtain the robot position. To show the effectiveness of our system, we conduct a 3D semantic map construction experiment and driving test. The experiment results show that the proposed system enables accurate and highly reproducible localization and stable autonomous mobility.
Illusory percepts from auditory adaptation (2007)

Phenomena resembling tinnitus and Zwicker phantom tone are seen to result from an auditory gain adaptation mechanism that attempts to make full use of a fixed-capacity channel. In the case of tinnitus, the gain adaptation enhances internal noise of a frequency band otherwise silent due to damage. This generates a percept of a phantom sound as a consequence of hearing loss. In the case of Zwicker tone, a frequency band is temporarily silent during the presentation of a notched broadband sound, resulting in a percept of a tone at the notched frequency. The model suggests a link between tinnitus and the Zwicker tone percept, in that it predicts different results for normal and tinnitus subjects due to a loss of instantaneous nonlinear compression. Listening experiments on 44 subjects show that tinnitus subjects (11 of 44) are significantly more likely to hear the Zwicker tone. This psychoacoustic experiment establishes the first empirical link between the Zwicker tone percept and tinnitus. Together with the modeling results, this supports the hypothesis that the phantom percept is a consequence of a central adaptation mechanism confronted with a degraded sensory apparatus.
Single Low Doses of X Rays Inhibit the Development of Experimental Tumor Metastases and Trigger the Activities of NK Cells in Mice (2004)

There is evidence indicating that low-level exposures to low- LET radiation may inhibit the development of tumors, but the mechanism of this effect is virtually unknown. In the present study, BALB/c mice were irradiated with single doses of 0.1 or 0.2 Gy X rays and injected intravenously 2 h later with syngeneic L1 sarcoma cells. Compared to the values obtained for sham-irradiated control mice, the numbers of pulmonary tumor colonies were significantly reduced in the animals exposed to either 0.1 or 0.2 Gy X rays. Concurrently, a significant stimulation of NK cell-mediated cytotoxic activity was detected in splenocyte suspensions obtained from irradiated mice compared to sham-exposed mice. Intraperitoneal injection of the NK-suppressive anti-asialo GM1 antibody totally abrogated the tumor inhibitory effect of the exposures to 0.1 and 0.2 Gy X rays. These results indicate that single irradiations of mice with either 0.1 or 0.2 Gy X rays suppress the development of experimental tumor metastases primarily due to the stimulation of the cytolytic function of NK cells by radiation.
The effects of vitamin C supplementation on serum concentrations of uric acid: Results of a randomized controlled trial (2005)

Supplementation with 500 mg/day of vitamin C for 2 months reduces serum uric acid, suggesting that vitamin C might be beneficial in the prevention and management of gout and other urate-related diseases.
An adiabatic calorimeter of the scanning ratio type (1980)

An adiabatic calorimeter of the scanning ratio type is described, which combines easy operation with high precision. Scanning velocities from less than 1 mu K s-1 up to 0.1K s-1 can be achieved, and temperatures between 273K and 773K are accessible. The capability of the apparatus is demonstrated by measuring the heat capacity of a mixture of triethylamine and water of critical composition near the critical temperature.
Identification of the <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> 1244 Pilin Glycosylation Site (2002)

Previous work (P. Castric, F. J. Cassels, and R. W. Carlson, J. Biol. Chem. 276:26479-26485, 2001) has shown the Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 pilin glycan to be covalently bound to a serine residue. N-terminal sequencing of pilin fragments produced from endopeptidase treatment and identified by reaction with a glycan-specific monoclonal antibody indicated that the glycan was present between residue 75 and the pilin carboxy terminus. Further sequencing of these peptides revealed that serine residues 75, 81, 84, 105, 106, and 108 were not modified. Conversion of serine 148, but not serine 118, to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis, resulted in loss of the ability to carry out pilin glycosylation when tested in an in vivo system. These results showed the pilin glycan to be attached to residue 148, the carboxy-terminal amino acid. The carboxy-proximal portion of the pilin disulfide loop, which is adjacent to the pilin glycan, was found to be a major linear B-cell epitope, as determined by peptide epitope mapping analysis. Immunization of mice with pure pili produced antibodies that recognized the pilin glycan. These sera also reacted with P. aeruginosa 1244 lipopolysaccharide as measured by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.