gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunoregulatory potential of exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus rhamnosus KL37. Effects on the production of inflammatory mediators by mouse macrophages (2011)

The ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) is widespread among lactobacilli including Lactobacillus rhamnosus, the commonly used probiotic bacteria. Exopolysaccharides are a major component of the bacterial biofilm with a well-documented impact on adherence of bacteria to host cells. However, their immunoregulatory properties are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the immunostimulatory potential of EPS derived from L. rhamnosus KL37. We investigated the effect of EPS on the production of inflammatory mediators by mouse peritoneal macrophages and compared it with the effect of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Exopolysaccharides, at concentrations higher than those of LPS, stimulated production of both pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. Interestingly, analysis of the balance of TNF-α/IL-10 production showed a potential pro-inflammatory effect of EPS. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that exposure of macrophages to LPS induced a state of hyporesponsiveness, as indicated by reduced production of TNF-α after restimulation with either LPS or EPS ('cross-tolerance'). By contrast, EPS could make cells tolerant only to subsequent stimulation by the same stimulus. We also examined the relationship between TNF-α production and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by EPS and LPS. Pretreatment of macrophages with specific inhibitors of p38 and ERK MAPKs reduced TNF-α production induced by both stimuli to the same extent. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that EPS can effectively stimulate production of inflammatory mediators by macrophages in vitro. However, to predict whether EPS could be clinically useful as an immunomodulatory agent, further in vivo studies with highly purified EPS are necessary.
Molecular restriction of anti-DNP antibodies induced by dinitrophenylated type 3 pneumococcus. (1973)

Rabbits were hyperimmunized with e-DNP-lysine covalently coupled to type III encapsulated pneumococci (DNP-Pn vaccine). After a preimmunization with pneumococcal vaccine followed by immunization with DNP-Pn vaccine, 11 of 13 rabbits produced anti-DNP antibodies with titers ranging from 0.28 to 1.30 mg/ml. The affinities of the anti-DNP antibodies were low (10 5 liters/mole). The molecular heterogeneity of 7 of the 11 responding rabbits, as determined by isoelectric focusing, was markedly reduced. Upon continued immunization some rabbits maintained or increased their restriction while others exhibited a loss of restriction and evidence of molecular heterogeneity. Although titers and heterogeneity generally increased during prolonged immunization, association constants for the anti-DNP antibodies remained in the range of 10 5 liters/mole. The present experiments indicate that a bacterial carrier can have a marked effect on the structural complexity of anti-DNP antibodies and provide a new means of obtaining structurally restricted anti-hapten antibodies.
Laser-induced fluorescence-cued, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy biological-agent detection (2006)

Methods for accurately characterizing aerosols are required for detecting biological warfare agents. Currently, fluorescence-based biological agent sensors provide adequate detection sensitivity but suffer from high false-alarm rates. Combining single-particle fluorescence analysis with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) provides additional discrimination and potentially reduces false-alarm rates. A transportable UV laser-induced fluorescence-cued LIBS test bed has been developed and used to evaluate the utility of LIBS for biological-agent detection. Analysis of these data indicates that LIBS adds discrimination capability to fluorescence-based biological-agent detectors. However, the data also show that LIBS signatures of biological agent simulants are affected by washing. This may limit the specificity of LIBS and narrow the scope of its applicability in biological-agent detection.
Simultaneous water and lipid suppression for in vivo brain spectroscopy in humans (2005)

Abstract A method to achieve simultaneous water and lipid suppression is described. The key feature of the new dual suppression technique is the use of the well‐known hyperbolic secant (HS) waveform as a 90° saturation pulse. Two HS pulses with opposite frequency offsets are employed either sequentially or simultaneously to saturate resonance frequencies corresponding to water and lipid, while leaving the target spins untouched. The excitation bandwidth is controlled by the frequency sweep and offset of each pulse, while varying the pulse length controls the transition bandwidth. An example of the use of the dual saturation method in in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of the human brain is presented. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catalyst-Free Thiol–Yne Click Polymerization: A Powerful and Facile Tool for Preparation of Functional Poly(vinylene sulfide)s (2014)

The “thio-click” polymerization is a well-expanded concept of click polymerization. Among the click polymerizations, the thiol–yne click polymerization is less developed and still in its infancy stage. In general, UV light, elevated temperature, amine, or transition metal complexes is needed to catalyze the thiol–yne click polymerization, which greatly complicates the experimental operation and limits its application. In this work, a facile and powerful thiol–yne click polymerization was developed, which could be carried out under very mild conditions without using external catalyst. Simply mixing the aromatic diynes (1a–1e) and dithiols (2–4) with equivalent molar ratio in THF at 30 °C will readily produce soluble and regioregular functional poly(vinylene sulfide)s (PIa–PIe, PII, and PIII) with high molecular weights (Mw up to 85 200) in excellent yields (up to 97%) after as short as 2 h. Furthermore, no double addition product of an ethynyl group was found. This catalyst-free thiol–yne click polymerization has remarkably simplified the reaction conditions and will facilitate the preparation of functional materials applied in diverse areas.
Use of pIVEX plasmids for protein overproduction in Escherichia coli (2005)

Using the correct plasmid/host combination and transformation-expression protocol, we could directly compare overproduction of the same pIVEX-encoded proteins from both in vivo and in vitro expression systems.
The facile synthesis of some <i>N</i>‐heleroarylacetic esters (1978)

Abstract Methyl and ethyl 2‐quinolylacetate were prepared from quinoline 1‐oxide via acetoacetie ester derivatives. Methyl 2‐quinolyl, 1‐isoquinolyl, 6‐methoxy‐3‐pyridazinyl, 4‐pyridyl and 2‐methyl‐4‐pyridylacetate were synthesized from the corresponding heterocyclic N ‐oxides via β ‐aminoerotonie ester derivatives.
Photoinduced doping effect of pentacene field effect transistor in oxygen atmosphere studied by displacement current measurement (2005)

It is widely accepted that atmospheric oxygen can work as an electron-accepting dopant mainly to p-type organic semiconductors. We have examined the effect of oxygen on a pentacene field effect transistor (FET) with and without exposure to light using the displacement current measurement. Under vacuum conditions, the change in the displacement current due to hole injection from the source and drain electrodes to the pentacene layer is clearly observed, suggesting that the origin of the mobile carriers in the pentacene FET is carrier injection. When the FET is exposed to oxygen under dark conditions, a very small change in the threshold gate voltage for hole injection is observed. In contrast, with exposure to both oxygen and light, we observed that the threshold voltage is lowered and shifted across the zero bias and even to the polarity against hole injection. This photoinduced doping effect induces a distinct increase in the drain current of the FET, and it is maintained for at least several hours even after the irradiation is turned off. This finding suggests that the performance of organic semiconductor devices is affected not only by atmospheric oxygen but also by ambient light even during the processing and storage of the devices.
Chronic treatment with insulin selectively down-regulates cell-surface GLUT4 glucose transporters in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (1991)

A new method for photoaffinity labeling of glucose transporters has been used to compare the effects of glucose-starvation, acute-insulin, and chronic-insulin treatments on the cell-surface glucose transporters in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Starvation alone increased the cell-surface levels of GLUT1 and GLUT4 by approximately 4- and approximately 2-fold, respectively. As shown by Calderhead, D, M., Kitagawa, K., Tanner, L.T., Holman, G.D., and Lienhard, G.E. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 13800-13808) acute-insulin treatment increased cell-surface GLUT1 and GLUT4 by approximately 5- and approximately 15-fold respectively. In contrast to this, chronic-insulin treatment gave a further 3-4-fold increase in both cell-surface and total cellular GLUT1, but availability of GLUT4 at the cell-surface was down-regulated to half the level found in the acute treatment but with no change in the total cellular level. This effect occurred in starved and non-starved cells and suggests that starvation, acute-insulin, and chronic-insulin treatments regulate glucose transporter availability through independent mechanisms. The down-regulation of GLUT4 reached a maximally reduced cell-surface level in 6 h while the rise in GLUT1 reached a maximum after 24-48 h. The rise in GLUT1 appeared to compensate for the decline in cell-surface GLUT4 as glucose transport activity was further increased during the long term treatment with insulin. The down-regulation of GLUT4 due to the chronic-insulin treatment is associated with a marked resistance of the cells to restimulate glucose transport and particularly to recruit further GLUT4 to the cell-surface following an additional insulin treatment. The defect appears to be in the signaling mechanism that is responsible for translocation.
Database Reorganization—Principles and Practice (1979)

Database reorganization can be defined as changing some aspect of the way in which a database m arranged logically and/or physically. An example is changing from a one-toone to a one-to-many relationship. Reorganizatmn m a necessary function in a database system. This paper introduces the basic concepts of reorganization, including why it is performed. Many types of reorganization are described and classified into logical/physical levels. Then pragmatic issues such as reorganization strategies, a survey of several commercial reorganization facilities, case studies, and database administration cons~deratmns are covered. Finally, several research efforts are surveyed.
Emerging infectious diseases (2008)

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) cause a significant burden on the global economies and are a major public health problem in many countries. The incidence of EID has increased dramatically in recent years, mainly due to zoonotic infections. Sri Lanka has also been significantly affected by EIDs such as dengue, chikungunya and antibiotic resistant bacterial infections. Diseases such as leptospirosis, which have been present for many decades in Sri Lanka are now causing significant public health problems and have been associated with very high mortality. In addition, infections due to the avian influenza A (H5N1) strain, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus and the Nipah virus are some of the pathogens which have a potential of causing severe epidemics in Sri Lanka in the future.As it is beyond the scope of this review to discuss all the current EIDs, it will mainly concentrate on EIDs that have recently caused major public health problems in Sri Lanka and also those that have a possibility of causing major epidemics.
Interference Mitigation in Two-Tier OFDMA Femtocell Networks with Differential Evolution (2011)

This paper addresses the cross-tier interference mitigation problem in two-tier OFDMA femtocell networks using power control. We model the objective of power control with utility functions for macrocell and femtocell, respectively. And we discuss the existence of optimal solutions to power control problems. Then a power control algorithm with Differential Evolution (DE) is developed to find the optimal power settings which maximize the utility function. Through numerical calculation, we study how to properly set the parameters of DE for our proposed utility functions. Furthermore, the performance of power control algorithm with different tunable coefficients of utility function is also analyzed by system level simulation. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can improve the outage and throughput performance of macro users with minor impact on femtocell users. Meanwhile, our proposed algorithm is easy to implement in distributed manner.
A first evaluation of breast radiological density assessment by QUANTRA software as compared to visual classification (2012)

Breast radiological density is a determinant of breast cancer risk and of mammography sensitivity and may be used to personalize screening approach. We first analyzed the reproducibility of visual density assessment by eleven experienced radiologists classifying a set of 418 digital mammograms: reproducibility was satisfactory on a four (BI-RADS D1-2-3-4: weighted kappa = 0.694-0.844) and on a two grade (D1-2 vs D3-4: kappa = 0.620-0.851), but subjects classified as with dense breast would range between 25.1 and 50.5% depending on the classifying reader. Breast density was then assessed by computer using the QUANTRA software which provided systematically lower density percentage values as compared to visual classification. In order to predict visual classification results in discriminating dense and non-dense breast subjects on a two grade scale (D3-4 vs, D1-2) the best fitting cut off value observed for QUANTRA was ≤22.0%, which correctly predicted 88.6% of D1-2, 89.8% of D3-4, and 89.0% of total cases. Computer assessed breast density is absolutely reproducible, and thus to be preferred to visual classification. Thus far few studies have addressed the issue of adjusting computer assessed density to reproduce visual classification, and more similar comparative studies are needed.
RNA Degradation by Bleomycin, a Naturally Occurring Bioconjugate (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRNA Degradation by Bleomycin, a Naturally Occurring BioconjugateSidney M. HechtCite this: Bioconjugate Chem. 1994, 5, 6, 513–526Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/bc00030a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Highly Specific Procedure for Ascorbic Acid (1955)

Journal Article A Highly Specific Procedure for Ascorbic Acid Get access M X Sullivan, M X Sullivan Georgetown University, Washington, D. C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H C N Clarke H C N Clarke Georgetown University, Washington, D. C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 38, Issue 2, 1 May 1955, Pages 514–518, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/38.2.514 Published: 23 January 2020
GeneGAN: Learning Object Transfiguration and Attribute Subspace from Unpaired Data (2017)

Object Transfiguration replaces an object in an image with another object from a second image. For example it can perform tasks like "putting exactly those eyeglasses from image A on the nose of the person in image B". Usage of exemplar images allows more precise specification of desired modifications and improves the diversity of conditional image generation. However, previous methods that rely on feature space operations, require paired data and/or appearance models for training or disentangling objects from background. In this work, we propose a model that can learn object transfiguration from two unpaired sets of images: one set containing images that "have" that kind of object, and the other set being the opposite, with the mild constraint that the objects be located approximately at the same place. For example, the training data can be one set of reference face images that have eyeglasses, and another set of images that have not, both of which spatially aligned by face landmarks. Despite the weak 0/1 labels, our model can learn an "eyeglasses" subspace that contain multiple representatives of different types of glasses. Consequently, we can perform fine-grained control of generated images, like swapping the glasses in two images by swapping the projected components in the "eyeglasses" subspace, to create novel images of people wearing eyeglasses. Overall, our deterministic generative model learns disentangled attribute subspaces from weakly labeled data by adversarial training. Experiments on CelebA and Multi-PIE datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed model on real world data, in generating images with specified eyeglasses, smiling, hair styles, and lighting conditions etc. The code is available online.
Simple atrophic gastritis and gastric carcinoma (1971)

Gastric carcinoma was detected nine, 10, 18, and 21 years after the biopsy diagnosis of atrophic gastritis in four patients of a group of 40. The gastritis was presumed to be of the simple type. Tests of vitamin B(12) absorption in three patients gave normal results, no gastric autoantibodies were detected in the two patients tested, in all patients histological examination of the gastrectomy specimens revealed a multifocal gastritis differing from the diffuse gastritis of pernicious anaemia and in three patients the gastritis affected the antrum, which is unusual in pernicious anaemia. The 10% incidence of gastric carcinoma in 40 patients with simple atrophic gastritis followed for a mean period of 15 years is equivalent to that previously described in pernicious anaemia. However, in view of the relative incidence of atrophic gastritis with and without pernicious anaemia in the general adult population, it emerges that atrophic gastritis without pernicious anaemia is numerically the more important precursor of gastric carcinoma.
Growth inhibition of rat liver epithelial tumor cells by monoterpenes does not involve Ras plasma membrane association (1994)

The role of altered ras oncoprotein (Ras) farnesylation and membrane association in the growth inhibitory effects of several monoterpenes (limonene, perillic acid, perillyl alcohol, menthol, pinene and cineole) was investigated in rat liver epithelial cells. All of the above compounds except cineole inhibited the growth of viral Ha-ras-transformed rat liver epithelial cells (WB-ras cells) at concentrations of 0.25-2.5 mM. These cells, however, were not necessarily more sensitive to these compounds compared to non-transformed and viral raf-transformed rat liver epithelial cells. Growth inhibition by limonene, perillic acid and pinene was only partially restored (20-50%) by supplementing the culture medium with 2 mM mevalonic acid. Western blot analyses of cytosolic and membranous fractions of WB-ras cells treated with monoterpenes indicated no change in Ras distribution. In contrast, lovastatin, a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase and Ras farnesylation, specifically reduced WB-ras cell growth and increased cytosolic levels of Ras. Thus, monoterpene-induced growth inhibition of rat liver epithelial cells was dissimilar to lovastatin and did not appear to involve altered Ras plasma membrane association.
Prospective comparison of dual-phase technetium-99m-sestamibi scintigraphy and high resolution ultrasonography in the evaluation of abnormal parathyroid glands. (1996)

Technetium-99m-sestamibi (MIBI) is a new radionuclide for imaging parathyroid tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate parathyroid localization using single radiotracer, dual-phase MIBI scintigraphy and to compare the results to ultrasonography. Twenty-one patients with hyperparathyroidism underwent dual-phase scintigraphy using 25 mCi MIBI and high resolution ultrasonography before parathyroidectomy. Scan results were correlated with size, weight, location, and histopathology of excised parathyroid glands, thyroid abnormalities, and cost. Seventeen patients were female, five had secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism, and three had a previous parathyroid exploration. Twenty patients (95%) were cured, 14 with a single and 1 with a double adenoma, and 5 of 6 patients with generalized hyperplasia. There were no false positive MIBI scans and one false positive ultrasound study, despite associated thyroid nodules in 29 per cent of patients. The sensitivity of MIBI and ultrasound in the identification of adenomas was 87 per cent versus 57 per cent (P = 0.046), and the rate of detection of hyperplastic glands was 44 per cent versus 24 per cent (P = 0.19), respectively. There was no correlation between scan results and size, weight, or location of adenomatous glands. The cost of dual-phase MIBI was comparable to that of ultrasound. Dual-phase MIBI is more sensitive than ultrasound in the localization of adenomas and is the preferable modality for preoperative parathyroid localization. Neither MIBI nor ultrasound is effective in localization of hyperplastic glands, underscoring the importance of routine bilateral neck exploration.
Impact of reform of collective forest use rights on farmers’ production activities and incomes in Heishui village, West Yunnan province, People’s Republic of China (2012)

Inconsistent and poorly enforced property rights led many not only environmental problems, but economical development restriction as well. A forest tenure reform called “Reform of Collective Forest Use Rights” (RCFUR) has been implemented in rural areas of China to deal with problems of property right. The study aims to assess the impact of RCFUR on farmers’ land use and income generating activities at the household level in order to better inform future policy decisions. After surveys and fieldwork in Heishui village at Yunnan province, linear programming models were built to simulate farmers’ productive activities. The model results illustrate that household economic well-being can be explicitly enhanced in the study village after implementing RCFUR, but contribution is currently limited. Only giving use right of collective forest is not enough; government still needs to implement other assorted supported policies.