gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Hydrosilylation Routes to Divinylbenzene Bridged Silole and Silafluorene Polymers. Applications to Surface Imaging of Explosive Particulates (2008)

The syntheses, spectroscopic characterization, and fluorescence quenching efficiencies of 1,1-silole− and 1,1-silafluorene−phenylenedivinylene polymers are reported. Model dimeric metallole compounds containing a phenylenedivinylene bridge have been synthesized to provide detailed structural and spectroscopic insight into conformational effects and electron delocalization. Poly((tetraphenyl)silole−phenylenedivinylene) and poly(silafluorene−phenylenedivinylene) both maintain a regioregular trans-vinylene Si−C backbone with σ*−π/π* conjugation. Various hydrosilylation catalysts were screened to evaluate their ability to produce high molecular weight polymers and to direct a strictly trans product. Molecular weights (Mw) for these polymers are in the range of 8400−9600. Fluorescence spectroscopy shows a significant bathochromic shift for the silafluorene polymer from solution to the solid state. A surface detection method for the analysis of solid particulates of TNT, DNT, PA, RDX, HMX, Tetryl, TNG, and PETN by fluorescence quenching was explored. The blue-emitting silafluorene polymer exhibited improved sensitivity for detecting explosive particle residues as compared to previously reported metallole polymers. Detection limits as low as 100 pg cm-2 for TNT are obtained. The Stern−Volmer equation quantitatively models the fluorescence quenching of these polymers by TNT, RDX, and PETN in thin solid-state films.
Exact Inference for Contingency Tables with Ordered Categories (1990)

Abstract This article proposes an efficient numerical algorithm for small-sample exact inferences in contingency tables having ordinal classifications. The inferences, which apply conditional on the observed marginal totals, also provide an exact analysis for the log-linear model of linear-by-linear association for cell probabilities. An exact test of independence has a one-sided P value equal to the null probability that model-based maximum likelihood estimates of odds ratios are at least as large as the observed estimates. The conditional nonnull distribution yields confidence intervals for odds ratios having a linear-by-linear structure. The computations utilize an extension of the network algorithm proposed by Mehta and Patel (1983).
Central poststroke pain and Wallenberg's lateral medullary infarction: Frequency, character, and determinants in 63 patients (1997)

CPSP developed in 25% (16/63) of the patients, all within 6 months. This was constant and severe with frequent allodynia, but responded in all cases to amitriptyline and recurred promptly on attempted weaning. CPSP affected the ipsilateral peri-orbital region most commonly, either alone or in combination with the contralateral limbs. Ipsilateral neurotrophic facial ulceration developed in two cases. CPSP correlated significantly (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.0002) with the degree of clinical sensory loss but not with the size of infarction seen on MRI (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.7). QST revealed a highly specific (100%) and sensitive (89%) finding for CPSP-thresholds from the check contralateral to the LMI were normal in eight of nine cases with CPSP and abnormal in all of the 10 cases without CPSP. Abnormalities in the face contralateral to the infarct are referable to the crossed trigeminothalamic tract in the medullary reticular formation medial to the infarcted lateral medulla. We conclude that this argues for the theory that central pain is caused by denervation sensitivity of the "paleo"-reticulothalamic connections due to a selective "neo"-spinothalamic lesion.
Yeasts from Wood Sugar Stillage. (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTYeasts from Wood Sugar Stillage.E. F. KurthCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1946, 38, 2, 204–207Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50434a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50434a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis (1994)

Endothelial regulation of vasomotor tone occurs largely via the release of nitric oxide or a closely related compound. This process is strikingly altered in a variety of disease states, and alterations of vasomotion may be responsible for the development of hypertension, altered tissue perfusion, and an enhanced propensity for vasoconstriction in several common disorders. In hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, this alteration of vasomotor control occurs not only in larger vessels, but in the microcirculation. Explanations for impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxations in hypercholesterolemia include impairments in endothelial cell signal transduction, deficiencies in the substrate (arginine) for the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, alterations in the nitric oxide synthase enzyme or one of its co-factors, and excess destruction of nitric oxide by the superoxide anion. In this review, evidence for these alterations will be considered, potential interventions for restoring endothelium-dependent relaxations examined, and the possible impact of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis considered.
Structure-dependent threshold current density for CdZnSe-based II-VI semiconductor lasers (1994)

The optical gain and threshold current density of CdZnSe-based semiconductor lasers are calculated theoretically with strain and quantum confinement effects taken into account. Both diffusion and drift components are incorporated into the calculation of leakage current. Optimized structures are obtained for CdZnSe-based lasers with different structures through minimizing the threshold current density. A minimum current density of about 200 A/cm/sup 2/ is obtained for a Cd/sub 0.2/Zn/sub 0.8/Se/ZnS/sub 0.06/Se/sub 0.94//Zn/sub 0.75/Mg/sub 0.25/S/sub 0.42/Se/sub 0.58/ modified MQW laser.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simultaneous wavelength locking of microring modulator array with a single monitoring signal (2017)

A microring modulator array coupled to a common bus waveguide can be used to construct low power, compact and flexible wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) transmitters. However, due to extremely small working bandwidths of the rings, it is challenging to find the right resonant wavelength setting and locking the resonance to an external laser. In the paper, we propose a novel technique enabling simultaneous wavelength locking of a microring modulator array with a single monitor, together with automatically optimizing the wavelength setting. We experimentally demonstrate locking three rings over a temperature range >40 °C at 3x20 Gb/s on-off-keying (OOK) modulation and ~3x75 Gb/s discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation.
Utilization of ultrasonic tomography for the mapping of residual stress fields in thick metal sections. Final report (1977)

It is well known that the velocity of sound propagation through a solid is altered when a stress is applied. The velocity change is small, and dependent upon the type of wave being propagated as well as the magnitude of the stress. Sensitivity is greatest to shear wave sound with the polarization vector parallel to the direction of stress. In this case, velocity changes as great as 0.6 percent were measured. Preliminary work is described aimed at evaluating computerized reconstruction of velocity fields from velocity profiles to map residual stress concentrations in thick metal sections. Experimental results with liquid and solid models are described. One could image velocity anomalies of 0.2 percent and estimate that 0.05 percent is technically feasible. It is concluded that this technique has great potential for finding and mapping residual stress in thick metal sections.
Pharmacokinetics of sevoflurane uptake into the brain and body (2003)

The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of sevoflurane uptake into the brain and body by comparing sevoflurane concentrations in internal jugular-bulb blood (Jsev), arterial blood (Asev) and pulmonary arterial blood (PAsev) over a fixed inspired sevoflurane concentration. Ten patients (aged 51-73 years), undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery were enrolled in this study. They were anaesthetised using a constant 3.5% inspired sevoflurane concentration (CIsev) during the first hour of anaesthesia. During constant volume-controlled ventilation, we measured CIsev and end-tidal sevoflurane (CEsev) using infrared analysis. The sevoflurane concentration in the blood was analysed using gas chromatography, and cardiac output was measured using an Opti-Q pulmonary artery catheter. We found that it took 40 min for the brain concentration to equilibrate with arterial blood (Asev). Both CIsev-CEsev and Asev-PAsev gradients persisted during the study period. There was no further uptake of sevoflurane into the brain after 40 min; however, there was near-constant uptake into the body.
A clean wafer-scale chip-release process without dicing based on vapor phase etching (2004)

A new method to release MEMS chips from a wafer without dicing is presented. It can be applied whenever SOI wafers are used that are structured from both the device and the handle side using DRIE. This method enables the release of extremely fragile structures without any mechanical impact on the chips. No more dicing residues or debris are created and deposited onto the wafer. The basic idea consists of etching deep surrounding trenches on the device and the handle layer that are displaced by about 20 /spl mu/m and thus create overlapping areas. For release, the buried silicon dioxide between the overlapping areas is etched away using hydrofluoric acid vapor phase etching.
Bridge chip composing a PCIe switch over ethernet to make a seamless disaggregated computer in data-center scale (2014)

Presents a conference poster that covers the following topics: bridge chip; PCIe switch; Ethernet; seamless disaggregated computer; and data center.
The effect of aspect ratio on longitudinal diffusivity in rectangular channels (1982)

In a recent paper Doshi, Daiya & Gill (1978) showed that the value of Taylor's longitudinal diffusivity D for laminar flow in a channel of rectangular cross-section of breadth u and height b is about 8 D 0 , for large values of the aspect ratio a / b , where Do is the value of the longitudinal diffusivity obtained by ignoring all variation across the channel. This superficially surprising result is confirmed by an independent method, and is shown to be caused by the boundary layers on the side walls of the channel. The primary purpose of the paper, however, is to consider the value of D in turbulent flow in a flat-bottomed channel of large aspect ratio, for which arguments based on physics are adduced in support of the formula D ≈[1 + B][1 - λ( b / u )], where B and λ are positive constants independent of b . It is shown that this result is consistent with laboratory experiments by Fischer (1966). The paper concludes with a discussion of the practical effects of aspect ratio on longitudinal dispersion in channels whose cross-section is approximately rectangular.
[An update on probiotics and prebiotics in children]. (2004)

This review presents an update on the use of probiotics and prebiotics in children. We review the normal flora, and present the possible mechanisms by which the probiotic bacteria exert their beneficial effects. We present data from multiple studies suggesting that probiotics are effective for the treatment and prevention of acute non-bloody infections diarrhea, antibiotic associated diarrhea as well as the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis and other allergic conditions. The safety and future directions of pro- and prebiotic treatments are discussed.
Inhibitors of Acrosin and Granulocyte Proteinases from Human Genital Tract Secretions (1976)

Human seminal plasma contains two acid-stable proteinase inhibitors, HUSI-II (Mr approximately 6500) and HUSI-I, (Mr approximately 11 000) with different inhibition specificities. The inhibitory activity of HUSI-II is strongly limited to trypsin and acrosin; both enzyme-inhibitor complexes are very stable (e.g. bovine trypsin-HUSI-II complex: Ki = 1 x 10(-10)M; human acrosin-HUSI-II complex: Ki = 2.7 x 10(-10)M). The inhibitor from human seminal plasma HUSI-II may therefore be seen as the natural antagonist of the sperm protease acrosin. In addition to pancreatic trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin, HUSI-I forms strong complexes with neutral proteases of the lysosome-like granules from human granulocytes, for example, the elastase (Ki = 2.5 x 10(-9)M) and cathepsin G, the chymotrypsin like protease (Ki = 7 x 10(-8)M).
Modeling and Test Generation Algorithms for MOS Circuits (1985)

An application of the D-algorithm in generating tests for MOS circuit faults is described. The MOS circuits considered are combinational and acyclic but may contain transmission gates and buses. Tests are generated for both the stuck type faults and the transistor faults (open and short). A logic model is derived for the MOS circuits. In addition to the conventional logic gates, a new type of modeling block is used to represent the "memory" state caused by the "open" transistors. Every fault, whether a stuck type fault or a transistor fault, is represented in the model as a stuck fault at a certain gate input. For generating tests, however, the D-algorithm needs modification. The singular cover and the D-cubes for the new gate include some memory states. To handle the memory state, an initialization procedure has been added to the consistency part of the D-algorithm. The procedure of modeling and test generation is finally extended to transmission gates and buses.
Predictive longitudinal vehicle control based on vehicle-to-infrastructure communication (2014)

Governments, industries and last but not least customer's demand for low-pollutant, efficient and comfortable vehicles has extended the system development scope towards the combination of in-vehicle systems and environment. Whereas the information from the on-board systems is available for several functions per se, the environmental information has to be grabbed using sensors and/or communication devices. Optimizing fuel efficiency whilst offering a high driving comfort is the goal of the predictive cruise control functionality. An assistance function for intersections is presented within this paper. Traffic signal data is used to automatically adjust the optimal vehicle velocity during urban drive cycles through passages with intersections. The target is to avoid unnecessary acceleration and braking maneuvers which results in reduced fuel consumption. In combination with the adaptive cruise control function a full takeover of the longitudinal vehicle control is realized. Communication between vehicle and traffic lights is done using a wireless vehicle-to-infrastructure communication technique. The presented work describes the developed algorithm `Predictive Cruise Control - Intersection Assist' such as the coupled simulation environment for the examination of the function performance. The later one involves vehicle, driver, traffic lights and wireless transmission. The effect of varying communication ranges is considered using a probability distribution function. Within the study several scenarios with and without traffic were analyzed and evaluated. As a result the fuel efficiency of the implemented assistance function is confirmed. Furthermore a trip time reduction could be achieved in most of the scenarios.
Stability of Hydralazine Hydrochloride Syrup Compounded from Tablets (1993)

The stability of hydralazine hydrochloride in an oral syrup and with various adjuvants that might be used in a liquid formulation was studied. A syrup containing triturated hydralazine hydrochloride 50-mg tablets, a maltitol-based syrup vehicle, and other additives was prepared; the theoretical initial concentration of hydralazine hydrochloride was 1.25 mg/mL. Three samples were each stored at 5, 40, 50, 60, and 70 degrees C. Drug concentration was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography at times ranging from 2 to 23 days. In a second study, five 50-mL solutions were prepared: (1) hydralazine 1% with no pH adjustment, (2) hydralazine 1% with pH adjusted to 6.33, (3) hydralazine 1% and edetate disodium 1% with no pH adjustment, (4) hydralazine 1% and edetate sodium 1% with no pH adjustment, and (5) hydralazine 1% and sodium bisulfite 1% with no pH adjustment. Drug concentration was determined after storage for one week at 50 degrees C. There was apparent first-order degradation of hydralazine hydrochloride at all temperatures. An Arrhenius plot was used to calculate a shelf life of the syrup of 5.13 days at 25 degrees C. There were no changes in pH or physical appearance. In the second study, hydralazine hydrochloride solution turned yellow immediately after edetate sodium [corrected] was added; at one week the loss of drug was 29%. Addition of sodium bisulfite caused a more intense yellow coloration, and loss of drug at one week was 80%. Changes in pH were minimal. An Arrhenius plot showed that hydralazine hydrochloride was relatively unstable in an oral syrup at room temperature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sample size determination for bioequivalence assessment by means of confidence intervals. (1991)

The statistical analysis of bioequivalence assessment has been consolidated in recent years through the work of Schuirmann [1987], Westlake [1988] and Hauschke et al. [1990], and this has been reflected in the CPMP Note for Guidance on Bioavailability and Bioequivalence and in the joint recommendations of the APV (International Association for Pharmaceutical Technology) and ZL (Central Laboratories of German Pharmacists) during a recent workshop in support of EC-Guidelines [Blume et al. 1990]. Since the decision procedure based on the inclusion of the shortest 90%-confidence interval in the bioequivalence range is the procedure of choice, and as this is equivalent to the two one-sided tests procedure, the sample size determination is based on the power of the latter. Following the approach of Phillips [1990] for the additive model, corresponding nomograms for the more relevant multiplicative model are given in this paper for various ratios of the expected means for test and reference and various coefficients of variation.
Extraction of text words in document images based on a statistical characterization (1996)

Text structures in document images are usually laid out in a structured manner-having preferred spatial relations. These spatial relations are rarely deterministic; however, they can be modeled by probabilities. Therefore, any realistic document layout analysis algorithm should utilize this type of probabilistic knowledge to optimize its performance. We first describe a method for automatically generating a large amount of nearly perfect layout ground truth data from the LaTeX device-independent (DVI) files, where the bounding boxes for the characters, words, text lines, and text blocks are represented in hierarchies. These ground truth data enable us to construct statistical models that characterize the various layout structures in document images. We demonstrate this concept through the development of a word segmentation algorithm, which employs the recursive morphological closing transform to model word shapes in document images. We also conducted systematic experiments to evaluate the performance of our algorithm using the synthetic images generated from the LaTeX DVI files and the real images from the UW-I and UW-II English document image databases. The results indicate that the correct word detection rate is about 95% on the synthetic images and more than 90% on most of the tested real images.
Cadaver validation of skeletal muscle measurement by magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography (1998)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT) are promising reference methods for quantifying whole body and regional skeletal muscle mass. Earlier MRI and CT validation studies used data-acquisition techniques and data-analysis procedures now outdated, evaluated anatomic rather than adipose tissue-free skeletal muscle (ATFSM), studied only the relatively large thigh, or found unduly large estimation errors. The aim of the present study was to compare arm and leg ATFSM cross-sectional area estimates (cm2) by using standard MRI and CT acquisition and image-analysis methods with corresponding cadaver estimates. A second objective was to validate MRI and CT measurements of adipose tissue embedded within muscle (interstitial adipose tissue) and surrounding muscle (subcutaneous adipose tissue). ATFSM area (n = 119) by MRI [38.9 +/- 22.3 (SD) cm2], CT (39.7 +/- 22.8 cm2), and cadaver (39.5 +/- 23.0 cm2) were not different (P > 0.001), and both MRI and CT estimates of ATFSM were highly correlated with corresponding cadaver values [MRI: r = 0.99, SE of estimate (SEE) 3.9 cm2, P < 0.001; and CT: r = 0.99, SEE = 3.8 cm2, P < 0.001]. Similarly good results were observed between MRI- and CT-measured vs. cadaver-measured interstitial and subcutaneous adipose tissue. For MRI-ATFSM the intraobserver correlation for duplicate measurements in vivo was 0. 99 [SEE = 8.7 cm2 (2.9%), P < 0.001]. These findings strongly support the use of MRI and CT as reference methods for appendicular skeletal muscle, interstitial and subcutaneous adipose tissue measurement in vivo.
The pedagogical design studio (1997)

Article Free Access Share on The pedagogical design studio: exploiting artifact-based task models for constructivist learning Authors: James C. Lester Dept. of Computer Science, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC Dept. of Computer Science, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NCView Profile , Patrick J. Fitzgerald Dept. of Design & Technology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Dept. of Design & Technology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCView Profile , Brian A. Stone Dept. of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Dept. of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCView Profile Authors Info & Claims IUI '97: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Intelligent user interfacesJanuary 1997 Pages 155–162https://doi.org/10.1145/238218.238317Published:06 January 1997Publication History 11citation727DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations11Total Downloads727Last 12 Months30Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF