gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning of porcine soluble angiotensin-binding protein. (1992)

Soluble angiotensin-binding protein (sABP) is a 75-kDa cytosolic protein that binds angiotensins and its analogues with high affinity. In this study, the primary structure of porcine sABP is determined by cDNA cloning. Based on the partial amino acid sequences of sABP tryptic fragments, fully degenerate oligonucleotides were synthesized, and used as primers for polymerase chain reactions to amplify the corresponding sABP cDNA fragment from porcine liver first-strand cDNA. By using initially the polymerase chain reaction product and later partial cDNA clones as probes, porcine heart and liver cDNA libraries were screened, and several positive clones were obtained including one covering the entire coding region. From the cDNA sequence, an open reading frame that encodes sABP as a 704-amino acid protein with molecular mass of 80,800 daltons is predicted. No significant homology was seen between sABP and other proteins in GenBank and NBRF data bases, including the angiotensin-related proteins such as angiotensin converting enzyme, renin, and AT1 angiotensin II receptor. Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA revealed that the mRNA for sABP is expressed as 5.3- and 2.8-3.2-kilobase transcripts. These transcripts are generated by the use of alternative polyadenylation signals. Within the 3'-untranslated region of the cDNA sequence downstream from the polyadenylation signals for smaller transcripts, a porcine short interspersed repetitive element (SINE) was found; only the longer 5.3-kilobase transcript had the SINE sequence.
Streptomyces sp. 9p as effective biocontrol against chilli soilborne fungal phytopathogens (2012)

The study identified a potent Actinomycete isolate 9p with broad spectrum antifungal property against four
 phytopathogens tested- Alternaria brassiceae OCA3; Collectotrichum gleosporioides OGC1; Rhizoctonia solani
 MTCC 4633 and Phytophthora capsici. The isolate was identified as Streptomyces sp. based on colony morphology,
 microscopy and 16srDNA. The isolate produced 2 most important hydrolytic enzymes- chitinase and β-1, 3
 glucanase along with cellulase, lipase and protease. The strain 9p produced relatively high levels of chitinase (696
 U/mL) at day 4 of the incubation period. Meanwhile, the highest level of β -1,3-glucanase (392 U/mL) was also
 found at day 4 of the incubation period and subsequently decreased slightly during the stationary phase. Among the
 various carbon sources tested in the ISP media, all carbon amendments supported induction of both chitinase and
 glucanase. Even the autoclaved mycelia of Colletotrichum gleosporoides (OGC1) and Alternaria brassicae (OCA3)
 supported appreciable levels of both the enzymes. Concurrent production of protease, lipases, siderophore, IAA
 production coupled with anti-fungal activity suggests the plant growth promotion and broad spectrum biocontrol
 potential of this isolate. The strain 9p exhibited mixed path antagonism type of mechanisms of biocontrol through
 the production of mycolytic enzymes. Isolate showed 87.5% germination index when coated onto chilli seeds. This
 coupled with antifungal properties, suggests both the PGPR and biocontrol aspect of the actinomycete Streptomyces
 sp. 9p.
Modulation of Neutrophil Function by a Secreted Mucinase of Escherichia coli O157∶H7 (2009)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a human enteric pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis which can progress to hemolytic uremic syndrome, a severe kidney disease with immune involvement. During infection, E. coli O157:H7 secretes StcE, a metalloprotease that promotes the formation of attaching and effacing lesions and inhibits the complement cascade via cleavage of mucin-type glycoproteins. We found that StcE cleaved the mucin-like, immune cell-restricted glycoproteins CD43 and CD45 on the neutrophil surface and altered neutrophil function. Treatment of human neutrophils with StcE led to increased respiratory burst production and increased cell adhesion. StcE-treated neutrophils exhibited an elongated morphology with defective rear detachment and impaired migration, suggesting that removal of the anti-adhesive capability of CD43 by StcE impairs rear release. Use of zebrafish embryos to model neutrophil migration revealed that StcE induced neutrophil retention in the fin after tissue wounding, suggesting that StcE modulates neutrophil-mediated inflammation in vivo. Neutrophils are crucial innate effectors of the antibacterial immune response and can contribute to severe complications caused by infection with E. coli O157:H7. Our data suggest that the StcE mucinase can play an immunomodulatory role by directly altering neutrophil function during infection. StcE may contribute to inflammation and tissue destruction by mediating inappropriate neutrophil adhesion and activation.
Circular Vection as a Function of Foreground-Background Relationships (1987)

It has previously been reported that illusory self-rotation (circular vection) is most effectively induced by the more distant of two moving displays. Experiments are reported in which the relative effectiveness of two superimposed displays in generating circular vection as a function of (i) the separation in depth between them, (ii) their perceived relative distances, and (iii) which display was in the plane of focus was investigated. Circular vection was governed by the motion of the display that was perceived to be the more distant, even when it was actually nearer. However, actual or perceived distance was found to be not the crucial factor in circular vection because even when the distance between the two displays was virtually zero, vection was controlled by the display perceived to be in the background. When the displays were well separated in depth, vection was not affected by whether the near or the far display was in the plane of focus, nor by which display was fixed or pursued by the eyes.
MCGREP--A Predictable Architecture for Embedded Real-Time Systems (2006)

Real-time systems design involves many important choices, including that of the processor. The fastest processors achieve performance by utilizing architectural features that make them unpredictable, leading to difficulties proving offline that application process deadlines will be met, in the worst-case. Utilizing slower, more predictable processors, may not provide sufficient instruction throughput to execute all required application processes. This exposes a key trade-off in processor selection for real-time systems: predictability versus instruction throughput. This paper proposes MCGREP, a novel CPU architecture that combines predictability, high instruction throughput and flexibility. MCGREP is entirely microprogrammed, with multiple execution units. Basic operation involves implementation of a conventional set of CPU instructions in microcode - MCGREP then executes object code suitably compiled. Advanced operation allows the application to dynamically load new microcode, enabling new application specific instructions to increase overall performance. MCGREP is implemented upon reconfigurable logic (FPGA) - an increasingly important platform for the embedded RTS. Custom microcode configurations for new instructions are generated from C source. MCGREP is shown to have performance comparable to two popular FPGA softcore CPUs (OpenRISC and Microblaze, the latter a commercial product). Flexibility is demonstrated by implementing an existing instruction set (OpenRISC) in microcode, with application-specific instructions to improve overall performance. As a further demonstration, predictable two-level interrupt and synchronization mechanisms are programmed in microcode
Variation between Pathogenic Serovars within <i>Salmonella</i> Pathogenicity Islands (2003)

Although four of the five Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) have been characterized in detail for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and the fifth has been characterized for Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin, there have been limited studies to examine them in detail in a range of pathogenic serovars of S. enterica. The aim of this study was to examine these regions, shown to be crucial in virulence, in pathogenic serovars to identify any major deletions or insertions that may explain variation in virulence and provide further understanding of the elements involved in the evolution of these regions. Multiple strains of each of the 13 serovars were compared by Southern blot hybridization using a series of probes that together encompassed the full length of all five SPIs. With the exception of serovar Typhimurium, all strains of the same serovar were identical in all five SPIs. Those serovars that differed from serovar Typhimurium in SPI-1 to SPI-4 and from serovar Dublin in SPI-5 were examined in more detail in the variant regions by PCR, and restriction endonuclease digestion and/or DNA sequencing. While most variation in hybridization patterns was attributable to loss or gain of single restriction endonuclease cleavage sites, three regions, in SPI-1, SPI-3, and SPI-5, had differences due to major insertions or deletions. In SPI-1 the avrA gene was replaced by a 200-base fragment in three serovars, as reported previously. In SPI-5, two serovars had acquired an insertion with similarity to the pagJ and pagK genes between pipC and pipD. In SPI-3 the genes sugR and rhuM were deleted in most serovars and in some were replaced by sequences that were very similar to either the Escherichia coli fimbrial operon, flanked by two distinct insertion sequence elements, or to the E. coli retron phage PhiR73. The distribution of these differences suggests that there have been a number of relatively recent horizontal transfers of genes into S. enterica and that in some cases the same event has occurred in multiple lineages of S. enterica. Thus, it seems that insertion sequences and retron phages are likely to be involved in continuing evolution of the pathogenicity islands of pathogenic Salmonella serovars.
Ca<sup>2+</sup>Channels Involved in the Generation of the Slow Afterhyperpolarization in Cultured Rat Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons (2000)

The advantages of using isolated cells have led us to develop short-term cultures of hippocampal pyramidal cells, which retain many of the properties of cells in acute preparations and in particular the ability to generate afterhyperpolarizations after a train of action potentials. Using perforated-patch recordings, both medium and slow afterhyperpolarization currents (mI(AHP) and sI(AHP), respectively) could be obtained from pyramidal cells that were cultured for 8-15 days. The sI(AHP) demonstrated the kinetics and pharmacologic characteristics reported for pyramidal cells in slices. In addition to confirming the insensitivity to 100 nM apamin and 1 mM TEA, we have shown that the sI(AHP) is also insensitive to 100 nM charybdotoxin but is inhibited by 100 microM D-tubocurarine. Concentrations of nifedipine (10 microM) and nimodipine (3 microM) that maximally inhibit L-type calcium channels reduced the sI(AHP) by 30 and 50%, respectively. However, higher concentrations of nimodipine (10 microM) abolished the sI(AHP), which can be partially explained by an effect on action potentials. Both nifedipine and nimodipine at maximal concentrations were found to reduce the HVA calcium current in freshly dissociated neurons to the same extent. The N-type calcium channel inhibitor, omega-conotoxin GVIA (100 nM), irreversibly inhibited the sI(AHP) by 37%. Together, omega-conotoxin (100 nM) and nifedipine (10 microM) inhibited the sI(AHP) by 70%. 10 microM ryanodine also reduced the sI(AHP) by 30%, suggesting a role for calcium-induced calcium release. It is concluded that activation of the sI(AHP) in cultured hippocampal pyramidal cells is mediated by a rise in intracellular calcium involving multiple pathways and not just entry via L-type calcium channels.
Community-Guided Learning: Exploiting Mobile Sensor Users to Model Human Behavior (2010)

Modeling human behavior requires vast quantities of accurately labeled training data, but for ubiquitous people-aware applications such data is rarely attainable. Even researchers make mistakes when labeling data, and consistent, reliable labels from low-commitment users are rare. In particular, users may give identical labels to activities with characteristically different signatures (e.g., labeling eating at home or at a restaurant as "dinner") or may give different labels to the same context (e.g., "work" vs. "office"). In this scenario, labels are unreliable but nonetheless contain valuable information for classification. To facilitate learning in such unconstrained labeling scenarios, we propose Community-Guided Learning (CGL), a framework that allows existing classifiers to learn robustly from unreliably-labeled user-submitted data. CGL exploits the underlying structure in the data and the unconstrained labels to intelligently group crowd-sourced data. We demonstrate how to use similarity measures to determine when and how to split and merge contributions from different labeled categories and present experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework.
Recombinant cholera toxin B subunit is not an effective mucosal adjuvant for oral imm_unization of mice against <i>Helicobacter felis</i> (1998)

Cholera toxin is a potent oral mucosal adjuvant for enteric immunization. Several studies suggest that commercial cholera toxin B subunit (cCTB; purified from holotoxin) may be an effective non-toxic alternative for oral immunization. The present study was performed, using an infectious disease model, to determine if the oral mucosal adjuvanticity of CTB is dependent on contaminating holotoxin. Mice were orally immunized with Helicobacter felis sonicate and either cholera holotoxin, cCTB or recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB). Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody responses were determined and the mice were challenged with live H. felis to determine the degree of protective immunity induced. All orally immunized mice responded with serum IgG antibody titres regardless of the adjuvant used. However, only mice immunized with either holotoxin or the cCTB responded with an intestinal mucosal IgA response. Consistent with the production of mucosal antibodies, mice immunized with either holotoxin or cCTB as adjuvants were protected from challenge while mice receiving H. felis sonicate and rCTB all became infected. cCTB induced the accumulation of cAMP in mouse thymocytes at a level equal to 0.1% of that induced by holotoxin, whereas rCTB was devoid of any activity. These results indicate that CTB possesses no intrinsic mucosal adjuvant activity when administered orally. Therefore, when used as an oral adjuvant, CTB should also include small, non-toxic doses of cholera toxin.
Antitumoral properties of aged human monocytes. (1995)

It is known that older people are more sensitive to cancer and infectious agents and need more time to recover from such disorders. Can this difference in sensitivity to cancer and infections between elderly and younger people be a result of a difference in their immune systems and, more specifically, in the way monocytes react to infectious agents and cancer cells? To determine what happens after cells have aged, human monocytes were purified from young donors (approximately 25 years of age) and from older donors (65 years of age or older) and tested for their ability to respond to the polyclonal activator LPS. Our results showed that monocytes from aged donors (aged monocytes), when compared with monocytes from younger donors (young monocytes) did lose part of their cytotoxicity against tumor cells (A375 human melanoma cells and L929 murine fibroblast cells). In addition, aged monocytes displayed a sharp decrease in IL-1 secretion, but did display the intracellular 31 kDa IL-1 precursor. Moreover, aged monocytes displayed a decrease in the production of reactive oxygen intermediates such as NO2 and H2O2. Finally, aged monocytes stimulated by LPS displayed an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP and have lost their protein kinase C translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membranes. These results suggest that age affects the immunologic and antitumoral properties of human monocytes.
Scanning tunneling microscopy and potentiometry on a semiconductor heterojunction (1987)

The potential distribution across the cleaved end face of a forward-biased GaAs double heterojunction laser diode was mapped using scanning tunneling potentiometry. Space-charge regions next to the heterojunction interface as well as the electron-hole recombination region within the active layer are outlined with nanometer resolution. The carrier injection zone in the active layer is observed as a function of junction voltage.
A low-power cell-based-design multi-port register file in 65nm CMOS technology (2010)

This paper presents the design of a register file with 4 write and 6 read ports for an SDR multiprocessor in 65nm CMOS technology. A cell-based design (CBD) methodology is employed in which the circuit is partitioned into complex sub-cells, optimized on transistor level and layout. Each cell is completely characterized concerning timing and power for seamless integration into a semi-custom design flow. The CBD implementation shows 30% savings of power and 40% of area compared to a conventional semi-custom solution. The average power is 2.7mW from 1.0V supply and 300MHz operating frequency which is superior to previously published designs.
Multimedia Tools and Architectures for Hardware/Software Co-Simulation of Reconfigurable Systems (2008)

The paper describes novel multimedia tools and architectures for hardware/software co-simulation of reconfigurable systems. The main contributions are provided in the following three areas: 1) multimedia tools making it possible to manage animated graphical objects for virtual simulation of real world physical objects in the scope of reconfigurable system design; 2) a remotely accessible prototyping system, which is very helpful for both solving the problems of hardware design and supporting multimedia systems which can be used in vast varieties of practical applications, the most important of which are engineering training and education; 3) design methodology based on physical circuits and virtual objects. A number of illustrative examples demonstrating capabilities of the proposed approach are presented and discussed.
Silicon-based Ge<sub>0.89</sub>Sn<sub>0.11</sub> photodetector and light emitter towards mid-infrared applications (2017)

The GeSn alloy with Sn composition of 11% has been grown using an industry standard reduced-pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor in a single run epitaxy. Low-cost commercially available GeH<sub>4</sub> and SnCl<sub>4</sub> were used as Ge and Sn precursors, respectively. The material characterization showed that the threading dislocations were trapped in the Ge/GeSn interface and do not propagate to the GeSn layer, resulting in high quality material. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence study revealed that the direct bandgap GeSn alloy was achieved, as the emission intensity significantly increased at low temperature. The sample was than fabricated into photoconductive detectors and waveguide lasers. For the photodetector, the spectral response wavelength cutoff at 3.0 μm was observed. The specific detectivity of 3.5×10<sup>10</sup> cm•Hz<sup>1/2</sup>W<sup>-1</sup> was achieved, which is close to that of market dominating InGaAs photodetectors that are operating in the same wavelength range; For the waveguide laser, the lasing threshold pumping power density of 86.5 kW/cm<sup>2</sup> at 10 K and the highest operating temperature of 110 K were obtained. Furthermore, the characteristic temperature was evaluated as 65 K.
Optical readout and initialization of an electron spin in a single quantum dot (2003)

We describe theoretically the resonant optical excitation of a trion with circularly polarized light and discuss how this trion permits the readout of a single electron spin through a recycling transition. Optical pumping through a combination of circularly polarized optical $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulses with permanent or $\ensuremath{\pi}$-pulsed transverse magnetic fields suggests feasible protocols for spin initialization.
Design Of Basic Double Gauss Lenses (1980)

A procedure for the design of basic Double Gauss lenses has been developed that uses fifth-order interpolating aberrations in the framework of a damped-least-squares program. It proceeds from a rough model directly to a solution.
A joint sparsity approach to tunnel activity monitoring using high resolution satellite images (2017)

Excavated soil can be used as an indirect indicator of tunnel activities. This paper presents a new sparsity based approach to soil detection using satellite images where the resolution of multispectral bands are pansharpened first. Spatial, temporal, and feature information has been jointly used in soil detection. Extensive experiments clearly demonstrated the feasibility of our approach.
The Ultracentrifugation of Doughs Made from Wheat Flour (1965)

A new method for the fractionation of dough made from wheat flour is described. The method does not involve the use of diluents or extractants and consists simply of ultracentrifugation of the dough. With this method dough is resolved into from five to seven discrete layers, depending on the dough treatment. A study of the fractionation of doughs made from seven Australian flours is described together with the physical and chemical composition of the various layers.
The lightpipe luminoscope for monitoring occupational skin contamination (1981)

A portable luminescence detector has been constructed for monitoring occupational skin contamination. The instrument design is based upon a fiberoptics bifurcated lightguide which transmits the ultraviolet excitation light to the skin area being monitored and conducts the induced fluorescence to the photon-counting detector. The performance of the instrument has been evaluated in the laboratory and field-tested at a coal conversion facility. Preliminary results indicate that coal distillates and recycled solvents form liquefaction processes can be detected at a few muL/cm2 levels.
Microstructural Improvement of NdFeB Magnetic Powders by the Zn Vapor Sorption Treatment (2002)

The microstructural modification for NdFeB magnetic powders (MQP-B) after Zn vapor sorption has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that a coating layer about 100 nm thick was formed on the surface of powder. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analyses show that the coating layer consists of condensed nano-scale crystallites of Fe11Zn40, NdZn5 and Zn. After the temperature for Zn vapor sorption is raised to 648 K, a thin layer has been formed on boundaries of Nd2Fe14B grains locally in the rim region of the powders. The morphology of the grain-boundary thin-layers is very similar to that in HDDR-NdFeB magnet powder after Zn vapor sorption treatment. Since the latter has a good thermal stability of magnetic property, the Zn vapor sorption treatment is expected to improve also the thermal stability of MQP-B magnet.