gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Competing Interactions in DNA Assembly on Graphene (2011)

We study the patterns that short strands of single-stranded DNA form on the top graphene surface of graphite. We find that the DNA assembles into two distinct patterns, small spherical particles and elongated networks. Known interaction models based on DNA-graphene binding, hydrophobic interactions, or models based on the purine/pyrimidine nature of the bases do not explain our observed crossover in pattern formation. We argue that the observed assembly behavior is caused by a crossover in the competition between base-base pi stacking and base-graphene pi stacking and we infer a critical crossover energy of 0.3-0.5 eV. The experiments therefore provide a projective measurement of the base-base interaction strength.
Biochemical Analysis of the Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB) Transcriptional Repression Domain (2000)

The Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) domain is a 75-amino acid transcriptional repressor module commonly found in eukaryotic zinc finger proteins. KRAB-mediated gene silencing requires binding to the RING-B box-coiled-coil domain of the corepressor KAP-1. Little is known about the biochemical properties of the KRAB domain or the KRAB.KAP-1 complex. Using purified components, a combination of biochemical and biophysical analyses has revealed that the KRAB domain from the KOX1 protein is predominantly a monomer and that the KAP-1 protein is predominantly a trimer in solution. The analyses of electrophoretic mobility shift assays, GST association assays, and plasmon resonance interaction data have indicated that the KRAB binding to KAP-1 is direct, highly specific, and high affinity. The optical biosensor data for the complex was fitted to a model of a one-binding step interaction with fast association and slow dissociation rates, with a calculated K(d) of 142 nm. The fitted R(max) indicated three molecules of KAP-1 binding to one molecule of the KRAB domain, a stoichiometry that is consistent with quantitative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the complex. These structural and dynamic parameters of the KRAB/KAP-1 interaction have implications for identifying downstream effectors of KAP-1 silencing and the de novo design of new repression domains.
Effects of Dietary Fat and Protein on Fatty Acid Flow to the Duodenum and in Milk Produced by Dairy Cows (1991)

Four Holstein cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square with treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments were 1) soybean meal, no fat; 2) fish meal, no fat; 3) soybean meal, fat; and 4) fish meal, fat. Cows were fed for ad libitum intake a diet of alfalfa haylage, corn silage, and concentrate (30:20:50) on a DM basis. Intake of gross energy (105 Mcal/d) was not altered by treatment comparisons. However, feeding fat decreased energy digested in the rumen (15 vs. 24%) and increased energy digested postruminally (55 vs. 43%) but resulted in similar amounts of energy (72 Mcal/d) digested in the total tract. The flow of C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, and total fatty acids to the duodenum was increased by feeding fat. The average flow of C14:0, total C18, and total fatty acids to the duodenum was greater than their intake for all treatments, suggesting de novo synthesis of fatty acids by ruminal microbes. Biohydrogenation of unsaturated C18 was decreased 70, 67, 59, and 51% for treatments 1 to 4, respectively, by feeding fat and fish meal. Digestibility of total fatty acids entering the small intestine (78%) was not altered by treatment comparisons; however, feeding fat altered digestibility of individual fatty acids. The proportion of C16:0 and C18:1 was increased, and the proportion of C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 was decreased in milk fat produced by cows fed fat.
Elimination of the halphen response of cottonseed oils in conjunction with deodorization (1968)

Abstract Two simple but effective pilot‐plant processes were developed to produce Halphen‐negative cottonseed oil. Both involve treatment of the oil with cottonseed fatty acids in a conventional batch type of deodorizer in conjunction with deodorization. In one process, in which the acids were added to the oil, the cyclopropenoids were inactivated in as short a time as 5 min after the oil reached the maximum temperature of 450–455 F. In the other, in which the acids were generated in situ, the oil did not become Halphennegative until about an hour and 45 min after it reached maximum temperature. The excess acids produced by both methods were readily removed during conventional deodorization. In contrast, deodorization alone reduced the cyclopropenoid content of the oil to a low level (0.02%) but did not render it Halphen‐negative even after 3 hr at maximum temperature. These new processes are directly applicable for use by refineries that have the batch type of deodorizers. For refineries that operate continuous or semicontinuous deodorizers, it should be relatively simple to design preheating vessels or heat exchangers to inactivate partially or completely the cyclopropenoids before deodorization.
Protein Kinase C, but Not Tyrosine Kinases or Ras, Plays a Critical Role in Angiotensin II-induced Activation of Raf-1 Kinase and Extracellular Signal-regulated Protein Kinases in Cardiac Myocytes (1996)

Angiotensin II (AngII) induces cardiac hypertrophy through activating a variety of protein kinases. In this study, to understand how cardiac hypertrophy develops, we examined AngII-evoked signal transduction pathways leading to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs), which are reportedly critical for the development of cardiac hypertrophy, in cultured cardiac myocytes isolated from neonatal rats. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with calphostin C or down-regulation of PKC by pretreatment with a phorbol ester for 24 h abolished AngII-induced activation of Raf-1 and ERKs, and addition of a phorbol ester conversely induced a marked increase in the activities of Raf-1 and ERKs. Pretreatment with two chemically and mechanistically dissimilar tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein and tyrphostin, did not attenuate AngII-induced activation of ERKs. In contrast, genistein strongly blocked insulin-induced ERK activation in cardiac myocytes. Although pretreatment with manumycin, a Ras farnesyltransferase inhibitor, or overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of Ras inhibited insulin-induced ERK activation, neither affected AngII-induced activation of ERKs. Overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of Raf-1 completely suppressed ERK2 activation by AngII, endothelin-1, and insulin. These results suggest that PKC and Raf-1, but not tyrosine kinases or Ras, are critical for AngII-induced activation of ERKs in cardiac myocytes.
Dynamic adaptive windows for high speed data networks: theory and simulations (1990)

Recent results on the asymptotically optimal design of sliding windows for virtual circuits in high speed, geographically dispersed data networks in a stationary environment are exploited here in the synthesis of algorithms for adapting windows in realistic, non-stationary environments. The algorithms proposed here require each virtual circuit's source to measure the round trip response times of its packets and to use these measurements to dynamically adjust its window. Our design philosophy is quasi-stationary: we first obtain, for a complete range of parameterized stationary conditions, the relation, called the “design equation”, that exists between the window and the mean response time in asymptotically optimal designs; the adaptation algorithm is simply an iterative algorithm for tracking the root of the design equation as conditions change in a non-stationary environment. A report is given of extensive simulations of networks with data rates of 45 Mbps and propagation delays of up to 47 msecs. The simulations generally confirm that the realizations of the adaptive algorithms give stable, efficient performance and are close to theoretical expectations when these exist.
Ionospheric corrections from a prototype operational assimilation and forecast system (2004)

This paper describes an operational system, sponsored by the US Air Force, for generating and distributing near real-time three-dimensional ionospheric electron densities and corresponding GPS propagation delays. The core ionospheric model solves plasma dynamics and composition equations governing evolution of density, velocity and temperature for ion species on a fixed grid in magnetic coordinates. It uses a realistic model of the Earth's magnetic field and solar indices obtained in real time from NOAA's Space Environment Center. At the present time the model computes real-time ion and electron densities at a grid of more than one million points. Higher resolutions are anticipated in the future. While the core model is capable of delivering realistic results, its accuracy can be significantly improved by employing a special set of numerical techniques known as data assimilation. These techniques originated and are currently used for numerical weather forecasting. The core ionospheric model is constantly fed real-time observational data from a network of reference GPS ground stations. This improves both the nowcast and the forecast of electron densities. Web-based access to the system is provided to early users for validation and exploration purposes at: http://fusionnumerics.com/ionosphere.
Character extraction from noisy background for an automatic reference system (1999)

It is important to provide digitized manuscripts of old literature (in page image form) and their electronic text (in full-text form), with an automatic reference mechanism between the images and the text, on the Internet. As an essential step for creating such an automatic reference system, this paper describes the issue of extracting character areas from page images of old handwritten manuscripts. Page images of old manuscripts are usually terribly dirty and considerable large in size. To overcome the first problem, we propose a new effective method for separating characters from noisy background, since conventional threshold selection techniques are inadequate to cope with the image where the gray levels of the character parts are overlapped by that of the background. To solve the second problem, we propose an approach based on a downscaled image and a recursive labeling method for word extraction. This approach is suitable for large size images because it has the advantage of saving memory and reducing processing time.
Black Americans and the Foreign Policy Process: The Case of Africa (1972)

AN MPORTANT aspect of the black revolution of the last decade is the increased interest it has aroused in Africa and African affairs among black Americans. They are now more aware than ever of the bonds that bind them to the continent of their origin. This awareness is reflected in the impassioned rhetoric of black nationalists like the late Malcolm X, in the popular styles that now adorn black America and in the vigorous emphasis now given to the diasporic concept.1 Along with this strong and growing identification with Africa, black Americans have been deeply touched by Africa's triumphs and challenges. The accomplishments of Africans in securing their independence and emerging as responsible actors on the international stage have been a source of immense pride to many black Americans.2 Unavoidably, they also are directly concerned with the formidable challenges still facing Africans, particularly the continued white oppression of millions of black people in Southern Africa, and the task of overcoming massive socioeconomic underdevelopment. In spite of this concern, there are distinct limitations on the resources black Americans possess for contribution to further progress in Africa. Centuries of racial oppression has denied to black Americans the economic means or technical skills that can contribute significantly to the effort. The most potent potential resource at present that they can mobilize on Africa's behalf is their large numbers in one of the wealthiest and most advanced societies.
A permutation decomposition based algorithm for the design of prunable interleavers for parallel turbo decoder architectures (2006)

In this paper we propose a technique to implement in a parallel fashion a turbo decoder based on an arbitrary permutation, and to expand its interleaver in order to produce a family of prunable S-random interleavers suitable for parallel implementations. We show that the spread properties of the obtained interleavers are almost optimal and we prove by simulation that they are very competitive in terms of error floor performance. A few details on the decoder architecture are also provided.
R2²SDF FFT Implementation with Coefficient Memory Reduction Scheme (2006)

Fast Fourier transform (FFT) is a key building block for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Due to the development of wireless portable devices, it is important to minimize the size and power of a FFT processor. One of the methods to satisfy such demands is reducing the size of twiddle coefficient memory. This paper presents an effective coefficient memory reduction scheme for a R2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SDF FFT implementation. When applying a conventional method to an N- point R2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SDF FFT, the number of twiddle coefficients is 3N/4. However, the proposed scheme requires only (N/8+1) coefficients and its additional hardware architecture is very simple. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by implementation results on a FPGA.
Epistasis and its contribution to genetic variance components. (1995)

We present a new parameterization of physiological epistasis that allows the measurement of epistasis separate from its effects on the interaction (epistatic) genetic variance component. Epistasis is the deviation of two-locus genotypic values from the sum of the contributing single-locus genotypic values. This parameterization leads to statistical tests for epistasis given estimates of two-locus genotypic values such as can be obtained from quantitative trait locus studies. The contributions of epistasis to the additive, dominance and interaction genetic variances are specified. Epistasis can make substantial contributions to each of these variance components. This parameterization of epistasis allows general consideration of the role of epistasis in evolution by defining its contribution to the additive genetic variance.
Light emission from a corrugated dielectric waveguide (1980)

An analysis is made of the propagation of light in a corrugated dielectric waveguide when the grating vector and direction of wave propagation in the waveguide are noncollinear. For this case, expressions are obtained for the attenuation of the waveguide modes due to emission of light into media adjacent to the waveguide. It is shown that processes which change the polarization of the emitted waves play an important part in this case.
Modernization of En Route Air Surveillance Radar (2012)

The design of a service life extension program that is being applied to the modernization of continental U.S. en route air surveillance radar known as long range radar (LRR) network is presented. The LRR network consists of 69 L-band radars that are used for the joint purposes of air traffic control and surveillance. Initially the architecture of the radar system is presented and key components selected for upgrade are identified. In addition to hardware upgrades innovative signal processing algorithms have also been added. The upgraded radar consists of a solid state transmitter, a digital receiver, and a signal data processor. With advanced signal processing algorithms, the upgraded radar system provides 200 nmi coverage in natural interference environments while minimizing the false alarms. The radar has also been upgraded to enhance weather detection performance.
Is It Possible To Treat Produced Water for Recycle and Beneficial Reuse? (2005)

Abstract Fresh water scarcity and increasing demand are worldwide concerns and are being addressed by a number of water management initiatives in Alberta and Canada. In 2003, 0.3 billion m3 of produced water was injected into disposal wells associated with oil and gas production in Alberta. This volume of water is a potential resource for recycling and beneficial reuse in Alberta, which would have a significant impact on sustainable development in Alberta. This water must first be treated to meet water quality requirements and regulatory guidelines for specific applications. This paper provides a comprehensive technical and economic review of water treatment technologies and shows that water treatment processes are commercially available. Although the cost of implementing suitable treating processes to meet drinking water quality guideline is estimated at three times the current cost of municipal water supply in Alberta, it is more feasible to recycle produced water for other purposes, such as agricultural or petroleum application (i.e., waterflooding, etc.). This is because water quality guidelines for most other applications are not as stringent as that for drinking water and there is increasing public resistance for industry to use fresh water for commercial applications. A multi-disciplinary research and development team studying water recycle and beneficial reuse is necessary to look into these issues. The University of Calgary is set to collaborate on such projects due to the current research emphasis on sustainable energy and environmental impact. Collaboration between the government, industry and academia to develop initiatives aimed at reducing fresh water is possible in Calgary for several reasons. One is the proximity of many major oil and gas companies in this city, which would allow for easy communication. Another is the fact that the current price of oil would not inhibit producing companies from investing in this kind of research. The result can be well-developed initiatives to treat and recycle produced water for beneficial reuse, thus reducing fresh water demand for many applications in the petroleum and agricultural industries.
Anomaly Detection with Graph Convolutional Networks for Insider Threat and Fraud Detection (2019)

Anomaly detection generally involves the extraction of features from entities' or users' properties, and the design of anomaly detection models using machine learning or deep learning algorithms. However, only considering entities' property information could lead to high false positives. We posit the importance of also considering connections or relationships between entities in the detecting of anomalous behaviors and associated threat groups. Therefore, in this paper, we design a GCN (graph convolutional networks) based anomaly detection model to detect anomalous behaviors of users and malicious threat groups. The GCN model could characterize entities' properties and structural information between them into graphs. This allows the GCN based anomaly detection model to detect both anomalous behaviors of individuals and associated anomalous groups. We then evaluate the proposed model using a real-world insider threat data set. The results show that the proposed model outperforms several state-of-art baseline methods (i.e., random forest, logistic regression, SVM, and CNN). Moreover, the proposed model can also be applied to other anomaly detection applications.
Ultrawideband multilayer printed antenna arrays with wide scanning capability (2015)

We present different ultrawideband (UWB) multilayer printed arrays with large scanning capability and very low-profile. For each of them, both dielectric arrangement (relative permittivity and thickness of each dielectric layer) and radiating element shape have been simultaneously optimized to reach the best results in terms of bandwidth, scan range, and thickness. Single- and dual-polarized arrays have been obtained with typically a 5.5:1 bandwidth up to 60° in all planes and a λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">high</sub> /2 thickness. For the dual-polarization array, cross/co-polarization ratio better than -25 dB may be obtained.
Angiotensin II Administration to Atherosclerotic Mice Increases Macrophage Uptake of Oxidized LDL (2001)

The goal of the present study was to elucidate mechanisms for angiotensin II (Ang II) induction of oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) uptake by macrophages, the hallmark of early atherosclerosis. Compared with placebo treatment, Ang II injections (0.1 mL, 10(-7) mol/L per day) for 2 weeks to apolipoprotein E-deficient mice significantly increased Ox-LDL degradation, CD36 mRNA expression, and CD36 protein expression by their peritoneal macrophages (MPMs). These effects were abolished by treatment with losartan (5 to 50 mg/kg per day) before Ang II administration. Because no such effect was obtained in vitro, the ex vivo effect of Ang II on macrophage uptake of Ox-LDL could be mediated by a factor that is not expressed at a significant level in vitro. Because Ang II stimulates cellular production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), we analyzed the possible role of IL-6 as a mediator of Ang II-mediated cellular uptake of Ox-LDL by using several approaches. First, incubations of IL-6 with MPM or IL-6 administration in mice increased macrophage Ox-LDL degradation and CD36 mRNA expression. Second, injection of IL-6 receptor antibodies in mice during Ang II treatment reduced macrophage Ox-LDL uptake and CD36 expression compared treatment with Ang II alone. Finally, Ang II treatment of IL-6-deficient mice did not affect their MPM Ox-LDL uptake and CD36 protein levels. Thus, we conclude that a novel mechanism for Ang II atherogenicity, related to macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation, may involve its stimulatory effect on macrophage uptake of Ox-LDL, a process mediated byIL-6.
Securing fingerprint template: Fuzzy vault with minutiae descriptors (2008)

Fuzzy vault has been shown to be an effective technique for securing fingerprint minutiae templates. Its security depends on the difficulty in identifying the set of genuine minutiae points among a mixture of genuine and chaff points and reconstructing the secure polynomial using the evaluations (ordinate values) available for each point in the vault. We show that the security of fuzzy vault can be improved by ldquoencryptingrdquo these polynomial evaluations using a fuzzy commitment scheme. This encryption makes it difficult for an adversary to decode the vault even if the correct set of minutiae is selected. We use minutiae descriptors, which capture orientation and ridge frequency information in a minutiapsilas neighborhood, for securing the polynomial evaluations. This modification leads to a significant increase in both the security (number of tries an adversary has to make in order to guess the secure key) and matching accuracy of the vault. We validate our results on FVC2002 DB2 and show that false accept rate (FAR) is reduced from 0.7% to 0.01% at a genuine accept rate (GAR) of 95%. At the same time, vault security as measured in terms of min-entropy, is increased from 31 bits to 47 bits in case a perfect code is used.
The Mascot method (1986)

Mascot is a software design method based on a form of functional and structural design decomposition which is particularly suitable for use in the development of large, distributed, embedded real-time data processing systems. The method provides a design language and graphical notation, together with a procedure for design derivation. This paper describes the main features of the method and the principles on which the methods is based. An example problem and its solution illustrate the application of the method. The solution is extended to show how Mascot provides a straightforward and natural means of coping with multiprocessor target hardware where communication is through shared memory.