gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extended remission of a recurrent median nerve malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor after multimodal treatment (2005)

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are difficult to control despite aggressive treatment. In this report the authors describe the treatment and follow-up review of a patient with neurofibromatosis Type I who harbored a recurrent median nerve MPNST. The man underwent preoperative intraarterial and intravenous chemotherapy followed by additional surgery for gross-total removal and postoperative radiotherapy. Two courses of preoperative intraarterial cisplatin and intravenous Adriamycin produced significant tumor shrinkage. Gross-total removal of the remaining tumor without amputation of the arm was followed by fractionated radiotherapy (total minimum tumor dose 6485 cGy, maximal dose 6575 cGy). The patient is alive 9.5 years after treatment without evidence of tumor recurrence and with only focal median nerve functional deficits. A review of the patient's treatment is warranted to provide a description of a regimen that may be useful in the treatment of similar patients in the future.
Part-based robot grasp planning from human demonstration (2011)

In this work we introduce a novel approach for robot grasp planning. The proposed method combines the benefits of programming by human demonstration for teaching appropriate grasps with those of automatic 3D shape segmentation for object recognition and semantic modeling. The work is motivated by important studies on human manipulation suggesting that when an object is perceived for grasping it is first parsed in its constituent parts. Following these findings we present a manipulation planning system capable of grasping objects by their parts which learns new tasks from human demonstration. The central advantage over previous approaches is the use of a topological method for shape segmentation enabling both object retrieval and part-based grasp planning according to the affordances of an object. Manipulation tasks are demonstrated in a virtual reality environment using a data glove. After the learning phase, each task is planned and executed in a robot environment that is able to generalize to similar, but previously unknown, objects.
Preparation of girdle lamella-containing chloroplasts from the diatom <italic>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</italic> (1979)

Chloroplasts were isolated from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by French press treatment and centrifugation. Electron micrographs of the isolated chloroplasts indicated that they lacked most of the envelope membranes but retained the lamellar structure characteristic of the diatom chloroplast; three thylakoids were grouped to form a band which transversed the chloroplast. A girdle lamella also composed of three thylakoids surrounded these transversal lamellae. The isolated chloroplasts were active in photosynthetic electron transport reactions including the Hill reaction, the Mehler reaction and the system I reaction.
THE INFLUENCE OF METYRAPONE ON THE SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE OF PROSTAGLANDINS FROM THE PREGNANT RAT UTERUS <i>in vitro</i> (1975)

1 Metyrapone (150 mg/kg, s.c. or i.p.) an inhibitor of corticosteroid biosynthesis, significantly reduced the release of prostaglandins of the F-type from isolated preparations of pregnant rat uteri in vitro, on day 22 - the expected day of delivery. 2 Metyrapone and indomethacin administered in vitro both inhibited the conversion of 14C-arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 by homogenates of day 22 pregnant rat uteri. Metyrapone was approximately 150 times less potent than indomethacin. Although indomethacin also inhibited prostaglandin F2alpha production, metyrapone stimulated synthesis of this prostaglandin. The differential inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by metyrapone may reflect sensitivity of the inhibitor to changes in experimental conditions. 3 Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may explain the effects of metyrapone on parturition in the rat.
Brief History of the National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Covering the Period 1929–1946 (1958)

The National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements was established in the United States in 1929, since which time it has provided the basic standards and guidance in the field. Through the co-operation of many organizations this has proven to be an effective program. At the same time through interlocking membership between the NCRP and the International Commission on Radiation Protection, the views of this country have been integrated into the world views. A brief listing of the activities of the NCRP and its reports is given.
Rapid telomere motions in live human cells analyzed by highly time-resolved microscopy (2008)

New methods for seconds-scale, four-dimensional, live cell microscopic imaging and data analysis, allowing systematic tracking of individual telomeres in live cells, have defined a previously undescribed form of telomere behavior in human cells, in which the degree of telomere motion was dependent upon telomere length and functionality.
Fabrication and design of an integrable subwavelength ultrabroadband dielectric mirror (2006)

We have designed and fabricated a subwavelength grating (SWG) broadband mirror whose performance depends on key factors, including SWG period, duty cycle, and angle of incident light. The fabricated SWGs exhibit high reflectivity (⩾96%), when the grating periods are varied from 650to750nm and duty cycles are varied from 55% to 65%. The bandwidth and reflectivity of these mirrors are remarkably robust to variations in design and fabrication. The SWGs can be designed as broadband mirrors from microwave to visible wavelengths.
Simulation-based scheduling for dynamic discrete manufacturing (2004)

A simulation-based real-time scheduling mechanism for dynamic discrete manufacturing is presented. Modified mean flow time performance for different scheduling approaches is compared through off-line simulation experiments, under dynamic manufacturing environments that are subject to disturbances such as machine breakdowns. These experimental results are used as reference indices for the real-time scheduling mechanism to select the better scheduling approaches for further evaluation based on the actual manufacturing conditions. Discrete-event simulation is used online to evaluate the selected approaches and the corresponding schedules to determine the best solution. The selected schedule is used until the deviation of actual performance from the estimated one exceeds a given limit, or when a major event occurs. A new simulation is then performed with the remaining operations to select a new schedule.
ChemInform Abstract: New Oxidants Containing of O‐F Moiety and Some of Their Uses in Organic Chemistry (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Visual and Nonvisual Variables Implicated in Monovision Wear (1998)

These result demonstrate that psychological factors are indeed important in monovision wear.
Isolation of Mutants Defective in α-Amylase from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> : Genetic Analyses (1974)

The rate of alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) synthesis in Bacillus subtilis is regulated by a gene, amyR, located near a structural gene, amyE, for the enzyme. To construct a fine map of the amyR-amyE region, we isolated 28 mutants defective in alpha-amylase activity. Eleven mutants out of 28 showed no alpha-amylase activity, whereas the other 17 showed less alpha-amylase activity than the parent. Out of 17 partially positive alpha-amylase mutants, 10 produced temperature-sensitive enzymes, and 4 produced immunologically altered enzymes, two of which are concurrently temperature-sensitive, and 5 produced smaller amounts of alpha-amylases which are indistinguishable from normal enzyme in their temperature sensitivity and immunological properties. Two out of 11 alpha-amylase-negative mutants produced material that cross-reacted with anti-amylase serum, and 3 mutants carried suppressible mutations by the suppressor described by Okubo. Mapping data indicate that all 28 mutation sites are located in the amyE region, and none of the groups of the mutants mentioned above contains lesions that are clustered in a single region of amyE. The amyR gene seems most likely to adjoin the terminal region of amyE.
Nephropathy Due to Polyomavirus Type BK (2000)

Polyomavirus type BK (BK virus) is a nonenveloped virus with circular, double-stranded DNA that has 70 percent homology with simian virus 40. It was first recognized as a member of the polyomavirus family in 1971, after isolation from the urine of a renal-transplant recipient with ureteral stenosis.1,2 Subsequent studies documented a worldwide rate of seroprevalence in adults of 60 to 80 percent, with first infections usually occurring in childhood by the respiratory route, followed by latency of the virus in the urogenital tract. Among renal-transplant recipients who are receiving immunosuppressive therapy, 10 to 60 percent have reactivation of polyomavirus . . .
Secret Key Generation from Common Randomness over Ultra-wideband Wireless Channels (2014)

We develop a secret key generation scheme using phase estimation in ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless fading channels. Based on the reciprocity theorem, two terminals extract the phase of the channel as a common random source to generate secret bits. Moreover, we study the secret key rate by a pair of nodes observing correlated sources and communicating to achieve secret key agreement over public communication channels. As our main results, we establish a more practical upper bound from Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) and compare it with a universally theoretical upper bound on the shared maximum key rate from mutual information of correlated random sources. Derivation and numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the bound. Simulation studies are also provided to validate feasibility and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
A (256&#x00D7;256) pixel 76.7mW CMOS imager/ compressor based on real-time In-pixel compressive sensing (2010)

A CMOS imager is presented which has the ability to perform localized compressive sensing on-chip. In-pixel convolutions of the sensed image with measurement matrices are computed in real time, and a proposed programmable two-dimensional scrambling technique guarantees the randomness of the coefficients used in successive observation. A power and area-efficient implementation architecture is presented making use of a single ADC. A 256×256 imager has been developed as a test vehicle in a 0.18μm CIS technology. Using an 11-bit ADC, a SNR of 18.6dB with a compression factor of 3.3 is achieved after reconstruction. The total power consumption of the imager is simulated at 76.7mW from a 1.8V supply voltage.
Robust passification via optimal sensor blending and control allocation (1999)

Robust passification is considered for uncertain linear, time invariant systems having redundant actuators and sensors. The approach is to obtain optimal sensor blending and control allocation matrices that maximize the region in the parameter space in which the system remains passive. The approach results in a generalized eigenvalue problem consisting of a number of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Reduction of the number of LMIs is investigated, and a numerical example is given for demonstrating the approach.
Sigma-1 Receptor Enhances Neurite Elongation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons via TrkB Signaling (2013)

Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is an integral membrane protein predominantly expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum. Sig-1R demonstrates a high affinity to various synthetic compounds including well-known psychotherapeutic drugs in the central nervous system (CNS). For that, it is considered as an alternative target for psychotherapeutic drugs. On the cellular level, when Sig-1R is activated, it is known to play a role in neuroprotection and neurite elongation. These effects are suggested to be mediated by its ligand-operated molecular chaperone activity, and/or upregulation of various Ca(2+) signaling. In addition, recent studies show that Sig-1R activation induces neurite outgrowth via neurotrophin signaling. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Sig-1R activation promotes neurite elongation through activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk), a family of neurotrophin receptors. We found that 2-(4-morpholinethyl)1-phenylcyclohexanecarboxylate (PRE-084), a selective Sig-1R agonist, significantly promoted neurite outgrowth, and K252a, a Trk inhibitor, attenuated Sig-1R-mediated neurite elongation in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Moreover, we revealed that Sig-1R interacts with TrkB, and PRE-084 treatment enhances phosphorylation of Y515, but not Y706. Thus, our results indicate that Sig-1R activation promotes neurite outgrowth in CGNs through Y515 phosphorylation of TrkB.
Characterization of a Mutator DNA Polymerase I from Salmonella typhimurium (1979)

Specific genetic loci have been shown to influence spontaneous mutation rates in microorganisms. In Escherichia coli, mutants in polymerase I acted as mutator genes (Coukell and Yanofsky 1970; Kondo 1973; Vaccaro and Siegel 1975) and similar results were obtained with a polymerase-I mutant from Salmonella typhimurium (Imray and McPhee 1976). Polymerase III has also been shown to increase spontaneous mutation rates in E. coli (Hall and Brammar 1973) and in Bacillus suhtilis (Bazill and Gross 1973; Gass and Cozzarelli 1973). On the other hand, a mutation in E. coli which markedly decreases the spontaneous mutation rate and which may therefore be classified as an antimutator has recently been discovered by Geiger and Speyer (1977). This mutation has been mapped in the purB locus, which is the gene specifying adenylosuccinase, an enzyme involved in purine biosynthesis. Although the enzymes responsible for these marked effects on spontaneous mutation rates are known, no...
National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines (2007)

Guidelines for the preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical phases of cardiac biomarker testing at point of care (POC) are presented. At initiation, stakeholders including emergency medicine, cardiology, primary care, and laboratory medicine should work collaboratively to develop systems for the evaluation of patients with possible acute coronary syndrome. These stakeholders should work with administrators to develop evidence-based guidelines and quality assurance measures aimed at reducing medical errors. Technically, the specimen should be plasma or anticoagulated whole blood; time of collection should be referenced to patient presentation. Analytical performance specifications for POC measurement must not differ from the central laboratory. The turnaround time from blood collection to result reporting should be 30 minutes or less; institutions that cannot consistently deliver results in less than 1 hour should implement POC testing. It is expected that technology will continue to evolve in the area of cardiac biomakers, with the involvement of professional organizations early in the process of implementing new analytes, so that standardization and reporting can be addressed at an early phase.
Healthy Lifestyle Factors in the Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Among Men (2006)

A majority of CHD events among US men may be preventable through adherence to healthy lifestyle practices, even among those taking medications for hypertension or hypercholesterolemia.
The ultrastructure of organising experimental mural thrombi in the pig aorta (1975)

This ultrastructural study of experimentally produced mural thrombi in the pig aorta has shown that at 3 days there are, amongst the other constituents, two distinct cell populations, macrophages and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Over the subsequent 2 wk the mesenchymal cells, which appear to be homogeneous initially throughout the thrombus, gradually differentiate on the surface to form an endothelial lining, in the superficial layers to form myointimal cells and ultimately smooth muscle and, in the deeper layers, to form new capillaries which join with endothelial lined clefts from the surface. The morphological evidence supports the postulate that the early stage of organisation of a mural thrombus in effected by pluripotent precursor cells from the circulating blood. The new endothelium, myointimal cells, capillaries, intimal smooth muscle and the extracellular tissues characteristic of an organising thrombus all appear to derive from this common source. In this study we saw no evidence to suggest that, at this stage, there was a contribution from the cells native to the vessel wall which, however, may be involved in the later stages of organisation.
The scientist's infosphere (1996)

The importance of national defense in the US required the development of tailor made computing and communication systems. The military coined the term infosphere to refer to the collection of remote instruments, appliances, computing tools, and people made accessible by these systems from a person's working environment, such as the cockpit of a plane or the bridge of a ship. Because military personnel are often mobile, they must use remote instruments and computing programs and they must collaborate with people at distant sites. It is concluded that within a decade, most scientists' infospheres will reside on portable computing devices. The infosphere will allow the scientist to access and control home appliances, office devices, laboratory instruments, and computing tools and to communicate with colleagues everywhere. Communication bandwidths may vary as the scientist moves from place to place, but the infosphere will increasingly free the scientist from the constraints of physical location. This freedom will change the ways in which scientific research is carried out, science is taught, and scientific results are disseminated.
Fast high-precision distance measurements on scattering technical surfaces using frequency combs (2013)

Using modulator-generated optical frequency combs we measure the distance to scattering technical surfaces. We achieve measurement errors below 10 µm, a dynamic range of over 37 dB and an acquisition time of 8.3 µs.
Impact of the Innate Immune Response in the Actions of Ethanol on the Central Nervous System (2016)

The innate immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) participates in both synaptic plasticity and neural damage. Emerging evidence from human and animal studies supports the role of the neuroimmune system response in many actions of ethanol (EtOH) on the CNS. Research studies have shown that alcohol stimulates brain immune cells, microglia, and astrocytes, by activating innate immune receptors Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (inflammasome NLRs) triggering signaling pathways, which culminate in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that lead to neuroinflammation. This review focuses on evidence that indicates the participation of TLRs and the inflammasome NLRs signaling response in many effects of EtOH on the CNS, such as neuroinflammation associated with brain damage, cognitive and behavioral dysfunction, and adolescent brain development alterations. It also reviews findings that indicate the role of TLR4-dependent signaling immune molecules in alcohol consumption, reward, and addiction. The research data suggest that overactivation of TLR4 or NLRs increases pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators to cause neural damage in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, while modest TLR4 activation, along with the generation of certain cytokines and chemokines in specific brain areas (e.g., amygdala, ventral tegmental area), modulate neurotransmission, alcohol drinking, and alcohol rewards. Elimination of TLR4 and NLRP3 abolishes many neuroimmune effects of EtOH. Despite much progress being made in this area, there are some research gaps and unanswered questions that this review discusses. Finally, potential therapies that target neuroimmune pathways to treat neuropathological and behavioral consequences of alcohol abuse are also evaluated.
Effect of protein and peptide inhibitors on the activity of protein disulfide-isomerase (1991)

The protein disulfide isomerase catalyzed reduction of insulin by glutathione is inhibited by peptides of various length and amino acid composition. Peptide inhibitors are competitive against insulin and noncompetitive against GSH, consistent with a sequential rather than a double displacement mechanism. Peptides of unrelated primary sequence that do not contain cysteine inhibit the GSH-insulin transhydrogenase activity of PDI, and the affinity of these peptides toward the enzyme is largely dependent on the peptide length rather than composition, hydrophobicity, or charge. Cysteine-containing peptides are 4-8-fold better inhibitors than non-cysteine-containing peptides of the same length, suggesting a cysteine-specific component to the interaction with the enzyme. Oxidized insulin chain B also inhibits the oxidative folding of reduced ribonuclease in a glutathione redox buffer with an inhibition constant that is comparable to that observed for the inhibition of insulin reduction, suggesting a similar if not identical binding site for the catalysis of oxidative protein folding and the reduction of insulin.
EFFECTS OF CHROME-SYNTAN-VEGETABLE COMBINATION RETANNAGE AND POLYMERIZATION (IN SITU) ON THE INTERNAL MEMBRANE OF BOVINE STOMACHS FOR EXOTIC LEATHER (1998)

Internal membrane of bovine stomach with poor hide substance (the leather making material), a solid waste from slaughter house, was processed into exotic leather for value-added goods like ladies hand bags, purses, wallets etc. Pure vegetable, synthetic/vegetable tanning or tanning of an unlimed membrane gave unsatisfac- tory leather. Its thickness, hide substance, leatherity, thermal stability and strength properties were consider- ably increased through polymerization in situ (urea formaldehyde) followed by chrome tannage and synthetic retanning, and chrome-syntan-heavy vegetable combination retannage. Resin finishing contrib- uted additional strength and beauty to the leather. In the former case the average thickness and shrinkage temp. (Ts) were 0.8 mm and 135°C respectively with diminished surface area and coarse shrunken grain affect. In the later case the average thickness and Ts were 0.7 mm and 128°C respectively with improved stability, cutting value, better area yield with prominent natural grain patterns and about 9% more weight gain than the former case. The tensile strength in both the cases was low i.e. 34.8 kg/ern? but was within the limits of fancy light leathers.
Differences in the Tumor Microenvironment between African-American and European-American Breast Cancer Patients (2009)

The gene expression profiles of breast tumors indicate that differences in tumor biology may exist between African-American and European-American patients beyond the knowledge of current markers. Notably, pathways related to tumor angiogenesis and chemotaxis could be functionally different in these two patient groups.