gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Depression in the quantity of intestinal secretory IgA and in the expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor in caloric deficiency of the weanling mouse. (1998)

The objective of this investigation was to determine the influence of weanling caloric restriction on the expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in the liver and intestine and on the levels of IgA in the blood and intestinal secretions. Male C57BL/6J mice were allocated to a zero-time control group (19 days of age) or to groups fed for 14 days as follows: ad libitum intake of a complete purified diet (19% crude protein, 17 kJ/g gross energy) or restricted intake of a complete diet. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed a low concentration of gut luminal immunoglobulin A (IgA) despite a normal concentration of serum IgA in the malnourished mice. The concentration and total quantity per organ of the pIgR were assessed in the liver and intestine by means of Western immunoblotting using an antiserum raised against the secretory component portion of rat pIgR. Malnourished animals exhibited low quantities of hepatic and intestinal pIgR relative to well-nourished controls (8% and 40% of control, respectively) and also exhibited a low concentration (soluble protein basis) of hepatic pIgR (39% of control). The concentration of biliary secretory component was also low in the malnourished animals (20% of well nourished). Despite the low quantity of hepatic pIgR, Western blotting revealed no change in the concentration of monomeric, dimeric, and polymeric forms of serum IgA in the malnourished group relative to well-nourished animals. Caloric deficiency in an experimental system that closely resembles human marasmus results in a decrease in the quantity of the pIgR that is sufficient to account for the low concentration of IgA in the mucous secretions of the intestine. Considered together with recent evidence pertaining to weanling protein deficiency, these results permit the conclusion that the pIgR is a focal point of the impact exerted by metabolically diverse forms of protein-energy malnutrition on mucosal humoral immunocompetence.
Magneto-Optical Detection Using an Optical Phase Shifter in Higher Track Density Land/Groove Recording (1998)

We report the results of magneto-optical (MO) detection using an optical phase shifter in land/groove recording. We found that the MO detection method improves not only readout carrier level but also cross-talk characteristics against optical errors. Using this method with a 693-nm wavelength diode laser and a 0.55- NA objective lens, sufficient readout margins against optical errors were experimentally obtained at a 3.69-Gbit/in 2 areal density, which yielded a 0.35-µm bit length and a 0.5-µm track pitch. Recording with a track density 1.4 times higher was achieved by introducing a 640-nm wavelength diode laser, a 0.7- NA objective lens, and a 0.258-µm bit length and yielded an areal density of 6.95 Gbit/in 2 .
2P1-G17 The development of magnetic navigation system for home usage of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (2010)

We developed a magnetic navigation system for home usage of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). It is important for TMS to navigate therapeutic coil, because the sweet spot, or the correct position for the coil lies in a very small area, and it is very difficult to find such a sweet spot. This proposed system mainly consists of small magnetic sensors and permanent magnets. A patient wears glasses with the sensors, and a physician uses the coil with the magnets. Then, the physician collects some dataset which consists of magnetic field and the corresponding position of the coil. By using this datasets, even people who has no medical knowledge and technique can easily navigate the coil to the sweet spot preliminarily specified by expert physicians.
Roles of Retinoids and Their Nuclear Receptors in the Development and Prevention of Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers (1997)

Reuben Lotan, Roles of Retinoids and Their Nuclear Receptors in the Development and Prevention of Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 105, Supplement 4 (Jun., 1997), pp. 985-988
Radial Artery Flow-Through Flap for Distal Lower-Extremity Arterial Bypass for Limb Salvage (2003)

New York, N.Y. From the Divisions of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Vascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center. Received for publication July 25, 2001; revised October 3, 2001. Presented in part as a poster at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, in San Diego, California, January 13 to 16, 2001. Jin K. Chun, M.D. Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Mount Sinai Medical Center Box 1259 One Gustave L. Levy Place New York, N.Y. 10029 [email protected]
Ion-implanted complementary MOS transistors in low-voltage circuits (1972)

Simple but reasonably accurate equations are derived which describe MOS transistor operation in the weak inversion region near turn-on. These equations are used to find the transfer characteristics of complementary MOS inverters. The smallest supply voltage at which these circuits will function is approximately 8kT/q. A boron ion implantation is used for adjusting MOST turn-on voltage for low-voltage circuits.
Ion beam mixing of Pt/GaAs and formation of ohmic contacts (1984)

Alloying was observed in the Pt/GaAs system, induced by ion beam mixing using Si+, Ar+, and Ge+ beams at room temperature. A 2.3-MeV He+ backscattering measurement showed that an alloyed layer was formed at the Pt/GaAs interface when these ions were implanted through Pt into GaAs, and that the thickness of the layer was proportional to the mass of the incident ion for a constant dose. Ohmic contacts were realized utilizing Si+ ion beam mixing in the Pt/GaAs system.
PROTEMPA: A Method for Specifying and Identifying Temporal Sequences in Retrospective Data for Patient Selection (2007)

PROTEMPA supports the identification and categorization of patients with complex disease based on the characteristics of and relationships between time sequences in multiple data types. Identifying patient populations who share these types of patterns may be useful when patient features of interest do not have standard codes, are poorly-expressed in coding schemes, may be inaccurately or incompletely coded, or are not represented explicitly as data values.
I-E/I-C region-associated induction of murine gamma interferon by a haplotype-restricted polyclonal T-cell mitogen derived from Mycoplasma arthritidis (1984)

Cell-free supernatants from cultures of Mycoplasma arthritidis induced significant levels of interferon when cocultured with murine splenic cells. On the basis of physicochemical characteristics and antibody neutralization studies, the antiviral substance was identified as gamma interferon. Use of inbred and congenic mouse strains established that splenic cells from mice expressing the H2k and H2d haplotypes produced interferon in response to M. arthritidis culture supernatants, but those from mice with H2b and H2q haplotypes did not. Further studies with recombinant mouse strains established that interferon induction by the mycoplasma supernatant was associated with the haplotype expressed at the I-E/I-C subregion of the murine major histocompatibility complex. The specificity seen for interferon induction was identical with that reported earlier for induction of cytotoxic lymphocytes and for lymphocyte proliferation in response to the mitogen. All of these reactions appear to be dependent upon binding of the mitogen to specific I-E/I-C region-coded products present on splenic cell surfaces. The observations presented introduce the concept that microbial mitogens or their lymphokine products might modify immune responses and defense mechanisms of the naive host in a genetically restricted manner.
Heat shock induces enzymes of trehalose metabolism, trehalose accumulation, and thermotolerance in <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i>, even in the presence of cycloheximide (1990)

Exponentially growing cells of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, contained virtually no trehalose at 27 degrees C but rapidly accumulated large quantities during heat shock at 40 degrees C. Activities of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalase also increased upon heat shock. Thermotolerance of the cells, measured as survival at 52 degrees C, increased in parallel to trehalose accumulation and decreased in parallel to the trehalose levels when cells were shifted back to 27 degrees C. Trehalose levels, activities of enzymes of trehalose metabolism and thermotolerance strongly increased upon heat shock even in the presence of cycloheximide, indicating that none of these effects requires protein synthesis. The data support the hypothesis that trehalose acts as a thermoprotectant in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
A simple procedure for the preparation of fritless columns by entrapping conventional high performance liquid chromatography sorbents (2000)

A rapid and direct method for immobilizing conventional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) packing material inside fritless capillaries has been developed. Due to the simple composition of the entrapment matrix (tetraethoxysilane, alkyltriethoxysilane, ethanol and water), straightforward manufacturing procedure and modest equipment requirement, the method can readily be transferred to any laboratory and easily automated. The entrapment procedure has minimal influence on the structure and chromatographic properties of the original reverse-phase sorbent. Various immobilization solutions have been tested, and a comparison between columns entrapped with different immobilization mixtures and conventional packed capillaries is presented. High efficiency separations were obtained using tert-butyl-triethoxysilane entrapped columns in both capillary electrochromatography (reduced plate heights of 1.1-1.4 were measured) and microliquid chromatography (reduced plate heights of 2.2-2.6 were observed) formats. Elimination of frits, stabilization of the packed bed and on-the-fly customization of column length render mechanically robust columns that are remarkably stable over time, from which manufacturing imperfections can be removed easily.
Phthalate Esters Enhance Quinolinate Production by Inhibiting  -Amino- -Carboxymuconate- -Semialdehyde Decarboxylase (ACMSD), a Key Enzyme of the Tryptophan Pathway (2004)

Tryptophan is metabolized to alpha-amino-beta-carboxymuconate-epsilon-semialdehyde (ACMS) via 3-hydroxyanthranilate (3-HA). ACMS decarboxylase (ACMSD) directs ACMS to acetyl CoA; otherwise ACMS is non-enzymatically converted to quinolinate (QA), leading to the formation of NAD and its degradation products. Thus, ACMSD is a critical enzyme for tryptophan metabolism. Phthalate esters have been suspected of being environmental endocrine disrupters. Because of the structural similarity of phthalate esters with tryptophan metabolites, we examined the effects of phthalate esters on tryptophan metabolism. Phthalate esters containing diets were orally given to rats and the urinary excreted tryptophan metabolites were quantified. Of the phthalate esters with different side chains tested, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and its metabolite, mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP), most strongly enhanced the production of QA and degradation products of nicotinamide, while 3-HA was unchanged. This pattern of metabolic change led us to assume that these esters lowered ACMSD protein or its activity. Although DEHP could not be tested because of its low solubility, MEHP reversibly inhibited ACMSD from rat liver and mouse kidney, and also the recombinant human enzyme. Correlation between inhibition of ACMSD by phthalate esters with different side chains and urinary excretion of QA supports the notion that phthalate esters perturb tryptophan metabolism by inhibiting ACMSD. Quinolinate is a potential endogenous toxin and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various disorders. Although toxicity of phthalate esters through accumulation of QA remains to be investigated, they may be detrimental by acting as metabolic disrupters when intake of a tryptophan-rich diet and exposure to phthalate esters occur coincidentally.
Modelling and Simulation of the Effect of Air Damping on the Frequency and Quality factor of a CMOS-MEMS Resonator (2015)

This paper reports analytical modeling and finite element an alysis (FEA) of the effect of two types of air damping (squeeze film and slide film damping) on resonance frequency and qualit y factor of a multi-layer CMOS-MEMS resonator designed for application as a mass sensitive gas sensor. The sensing principle is based on change in frequency or amplitude of the resonator due to adsorption/absorption of trace gases onto an active material to be deposited on the resonator membrane plate. The effect of air damping for mode 1 and mode 2 are investigated and the damping coeffici ent is found to increase from 0.922 × 10 6 Ns/m to 1.768× 10 6 Ns/m for mode 1 and from 0.914× 10 6 Ns/m to 1.708 × 10 6 Ns/m for mode 2 with increase in the overlap area of the fingers from 40 μm to 75 μm, respectively. The quality factor (Q) of the CMOS-MEMS resonator is found to decrease with increasing damping coeffici ent for both modes of vibration while the frequency remained unaffected. Analytical and simulation results shows good agreement for damping coefficient (1.43 % and 1.22 %), resonant frequency ( 3.45 % and 4.4 %) and quality factor (2.27 % and 0.88 %) for mode 1 and 2, respectively.
Claudin-2 expression induces cation-selective channels in tight junctions of epithelial cells (2002)

Tight junctions seal the paracellular pathway of epithelia but, in leaky tissues, also exhibit specific permeability. In order to characterize the contribution of claudin-2 to barrier and permeability properties of the tight junction in detail, we studied two strains of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK-C7 and MDCK-C11) with different tight junctional permeabilities. Monolayers of C7 cells exhibited a high transepithelial resistance (>1 kOhms cm(2)), compared with C11 cells (<100 Ohms cm(2)). Genuine expression of claudin-1 and claudin-2, but not of occludin or claudin-3, was reciprocal to transepithelial resistance. However, confocal microscopy revealed a marked subjunctional localization of claudin-1 in C11 cells, indicating that claudin-1 is not functionally related to the low tight junctional resistance of C11 cells. Strain MDCK-C7, which endogenously does not express junctional claudin-2, was transfected with claudin-2 cDNA. In transfected cells, but not in vector controls, the protein was detected in colocalization with junctional occludin by means of immunohistochemical analyses. Overexpression of claudin-2 in the originally tight epithelium with claudin-2 cDNA resulted in a 5.6-fold higher paracellular conductivity and relative ion permeabilities of Na(+) identical with 1, K(+)=1.02, NMDG(+)=0.79, choline(+)=0.71, Cl(-)=0.12, Br(-)=0.10 (vector control, 1:1.04:0.95:0.94:0.85:0.83). By contrast, fluxes of (radioactively labeled) mannitol and lactulose and (fluorescence labeled) 4 kDa dextran were not changed. Hence, with regular Ringer's, Na(+) conductivity was 0.2 mS cm(-2) in vector controls and 1.7 mS cm(-2) in claudin-2-transfected cells, while Cl(-) conductivity was 0.2 mS cm(-2) in both cells. Thus, presence of junctional claudin-2 causes the formation of cation-selective channels sufficient to transform a 'tight' tight junction into a leaky one.
Analysis of Monte Carlo methods applied to blackbody and lower emissivity cavities (2002)

Monte Carlo methods are often applied to the calculation of the apparent emissivities of blackbody cavities. However, for cavities with complex as well as some commonly encountered geometries, the emission Monte Carlo method experiences problems of convergence. The emission and absorption Monte Carlo methods are compared on the basis of ease of implementation and convergence speed when applied to blackbody sources. A new method to determine solution convergence compatible with both methods is developed, and the convergence speeds of the two methods are compared through the application of both methods to a right-circular cylinder cavity. It is shown that the absorption method converges faster and is easier to implement than the emission method when applied to most blackbody and lower emissivity cavities.
Comparison of linear frequency and amplitude modulation for intraneural sensory feedback in bidirectional hand prostheses (2018)

Recent studies have shown that direct nerve stimulation can be used to provide sensory feedback to hand amputees. The intensity of the elicited sensations can be modulated using the amplitude or frequency of the injected stimuli. However, a comprehensive comparison of the effects of these two encoding strategies on the amputees' ability to control a prosthesis has not been performed. In this paper, we assessed the performance of two trans-radial amputees controlling a myoelectric hand prosthesis while receiving grip force sensory feedback encoded using either linear modulation of amplitude (LAM) or linear modulation of frequency (LFM) of direct nerve stimulation (namely, bidirectional prostheses). Both subjects achieved similar and significantly above-chance performance when they were asked to exploit LAM or LFM in different tasks. The feedbacks allowed them to discriminate, during manipulation through the robotic hand, objects of different compliances and shapes or different placements on the prosthesis. Similar high performances were obtained when they were asked to apply different levels of force in a random order on a dynamometer using LAM or LFM. In contrast, only the LAM strategy allowed the subjects to continuously modulate the grip pressure on the dynamometer. Furthermore, when long-lasting trains of stimulation were delivered, LFM strategy generated a very fast adaptation phenomenon in the subjects, which caused them to stop perceiving the restored sensations. Both encoding approaches were perceived as very different from the touch feelings of the healthy limb (natural). These results suggest that the choice of specific sensory feedback encodings can have an effect on user performance while grasping. In addition, our results invite the development of new approaches to provide more natural sensory feelings to the users, which could be addressed by a more biomimetic strategy in the future.
Final Overall Survival (OS) Results from the Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III AVADO Study of Bevacizumab (BV) Plus Docetaxel (D) Compared with Placebo (PL) Plus D for the First-Line Treatment of Locally Recurrent (LR) or Metastatic Breast Cancer (mBC). (2009)

Abstract Background: Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody BV significantly improves efficacy in combination with standard therapies in multiple tumour types, with limited impact on toxicity. Three randomised phase III trials (E2100, AVADO and RIBBON-1) in mBC have demonstrated that BV + 1st-line chemotherapy (CTx) significantly improves progression-free survival (PFS) and overall response rates (ORR). We present mature OS data from AVADO.Methods: Patients (pts) with HER2-negative LR/mBC were randomised to D 100mg/m2 + PL, D + BV 7.5mg/kg or D + BV 15mg/kg. D was given q3w for ≤9 cycles. BV or PL was given q3w until disease progression/unacceptable toxicity. After progression, pts were offered BV with 2nd-line anticancer therapy in a post-study treatment phase. The primary endpoint was PFS; secondary endpoints included OS, time to treatment failure, ORR, duration of response and safety. An exploratory analysis conducted in pts receiving post-progression CTx compared OS in pts receiving 2nd-line BV with those who did not.Results: 736 pts were enrolled March 2006–April 2007. The primary analysis (data cut-off October 2007; median follow-up 10.2 months) showed significant improvements in PFS and ORR for both BV-containing arms compared with PL + D. Mature OS data (data cut-off April 2009; median follow-up 25 months) are shown (Table). There was no difference in median OS between the study arms (range 30–32 months). Recognising the limitations of the non-randomised comparison in exploratory analyses, results suggest that use of BV with 2nd-line therapy is a possible reason for lack of OS difference. Updated PFS and ORR were superior for the 15mg/kg BV arm compared with PL + D. Results for the 7.5mg/kg BV arm also indicated a, less pronounced, treatment benefit. BV had limited impact on the safety profile of docetaxel. Increased SAEs in the 15mg/kg BV arm may be due to more pts receiving 9 cycles of D than in the PL arm (51% vs 42%).Conclusions: There was no difference in OS between study arms. Exploratory analyses suggest that use of 2nd-line BV with CTx may influence OS. These mature data confirm the improvement in PFS and ORR with BV 15mg/kg combined with D compared with PL + D. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 41.
Pergolide in the Management of Restless Legs Syndrome: An Extended Study (1997)

Twenty patients with problematic restless legs syndrome (RLS) were treated with pergolide. Efficacy, dosage, side effects, and tolerance were analyzed. Fifteen patients continued treatment for a median study time of 2 years. Five patients discontinued treatment after a mean of 4.2 months. Pergolide resulted in complete or near complete control of symptoms in 45% and moderate control in 50% of patients studied. Levodopa-induced daytime augmentation resolved in all patients in whom it had been present. The mean total daily maintenance dose of pergolide was 0.23 mg. Forty percent required an additional afternoon dose. Side effects developed in 12 patients (60%) and necessitated discontinuation of treatment in five. Common side effects were nausea, dizziness, and insomnia. Daytime augmentation occurred in 27% of patients, but this was mild and usually easily controlled with a supplementary afternoon dose of pergolide. Tolerance did not develop. We conclude that pergolide is an effective second-line agent for RLS, especially following levodopa-induced daytime augmentation.
Probing molecular chirality by CD-sensitive dimeric metalloporphyrin hosts (2009)

This feature article reviews dimeric metalloporphyrin hosts employed as chirality probes in chiral recognition processes involving synthetic compounds and natural products. Upon formation of a chiral host-guest supramolecular complex between an achiral bis-metalloporphyrin derivative and a chiral non-racemic guest, a CD response occurs in the porphyrin spectral region, which is diagnostic of the guest's absolute configuration. Several bis-porphyrin hosts used in the stereochemical investigation of organic compounds are described and the scope of their application as chirality probes critically assessed. The review encompasses the description of structural features of the host-guest complexes, the nature of the chirality transfer mechanism and the practical application in solving stereochemical problems. In particular, with reference to the method based on bis-porphyrin tweezers, we describe recent advances based on the use of molecular modeling, which have broadened the applicability of the tweezer methodology and allowed extraction of deeper structural information contained in the experimental CD data.