gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Involvement of the Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Sodium Channel Na<sub>v</sub>1.8 (PN3/SNS) in a Rat Model of Visceral Pain (2001)

The present study investigated the effect of inhibiting the expression of Na(v)1.8 (PN3/SNS) sodium channels by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) on bladder nociceptive responses induced by intravesical acetic acid infusion in rats. Animals were injected intrathecally with either Na(v)1.8 antisense or mismatch ODN. Control cystometrograms under urethane anesthesia during intravesical saline infusion exhibited intercontraction intervals (ICIs) that were significantly longer in antisense-treated rats than in mismatch ODN-treated rats. Intravesical infusion of 0.1% acetic acid induced bladder hyperactivity as reflected by a 68% reduction in ICIs in mismatch ODN-treated rats but did not significantly reduce ICIs in antisense-treated rats. The number of Fos-positive cells after acetic acid administration were significantly reduced in the L6 spinal cord from antisense-treated animals, compared with mismatch ODN-treated animals. In addition, Na(v)1.8 immunoreactivity was reduced in L6 dorsal root ganglion neurons in the antisense-treated rat. In patch-clamp recordings, the conductance density of TTX-resistant sodium currents in dissociated bladder afferent neurons that were labeled by axonal transport of a fluorescent dye, Fast Blue, injected into the bladder wall was also smaller in antisense-treated rats than in mismatch ODN-treated rats, whereas no changes were observed in TTX-sensitive currents. These results indicate that the Na(v)1.8 TTX-resistant sodium channels are involved in the activation of afferent nerves after chemical irritation of the bladder. These channels represent a new target for the treatment of inflammatory pain from visceral organs such as the urinary bladder.
Klava: a Java package for distributed and mobile applications (2002)

Abstract Highly distributed networks have now become a common infrastructure for wide‐area distributed applications whose key design principle is network awareness, namely the ability to deal with dynamic changes of the network environment. Network‐aware computing has called for new programming languages that exploit the mobility paradigm as a basic interaction mechanism. In this paper we present the architecture of K LAVA , an experimental Java package for distributed applications and code mobility. We describe how K LAVA permits code mobility by relying on Java and present a few distributed applications that exploit mobile code programmed in K LAVA . Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of the enantiomers of 3‐deuterium labelled lactic acid (1991)

Abstract Both R‐ and S‐ enantiomers of 3‐monodeuterated lactic acid ([3‐ 2 H]‐2(R) and 2(S)‐hydroxypropanoic acids) were synthesized by regiospecific nucleophilic opening of diastereoisomer epoxides derived from D‐mannitol, with lithium aluminium deuteride. Spectroscopic analysis of the product shows a complete deutero‐incorporation which makes [3‐ 2 H]‐lactic acid suitable as an internal standard using gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy.
pH-Responsive Nanoparticles Shelled with Chitosan for Oral Delivery of Insulin: From Mechanism to Therapeutic Applications (2012)

Despite advances in drug-delivery technologies, successful oral administration of protein drugs remains an elusive challenge. When protein drugs are administered orally, they can rapidly denature or degrade before they reach their targets. Such drugs also may not absorb adequately within the small intestine. As a protein drug for treating diabetes, insulin is conventionally administered via subcutaneous (SC) injection, yet often fails to achieve the glucose homeostasis observed in nondiabetic subjects. Some of this difference may relate to insulin transport: normally, endogenously secreted insulin moves to the liver via portal circulation. When administered subcutaneously, insulin moves through the body via peripheral circulation, which can produce a peripheral hyperinsulinemia. In addition, because SC treatment requires multiple daily injections of insulin, patients often do not fully comply with treatment. Oral administration of exogenous insulin would deliver the drug directly into the liver through portal circulation, mimicking the physiological fate of endogenously secreted insulin. This characteristic may offer the needed hepatic activation, while avoiding hyperinsulinemia and its associated long-term complications. This Account demonstrates the feasibility of using chitosan nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery. Nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems may provide an alternative means of orally administering protein drugs. In addition to protecting the drugs against a harmful gastric environment, the encapsulation of protein drugs in particulate carriers can avert enzymatic degradation, while controlling the drug release and enhancing their absorption in the small intestine. Our recent study described a pH-responsive NP system composed of chitosan (CS) and poly(γ-glutamic acid) for oral delivery of insulin. As a nontoxic, soft-tissue compatible, cationic polysaccharide, CS also adheres to the mucosal surface and transiently opens the tight junctions (TJs) between contiguous epithelial cells. Therefore, drugs made with CS NPs would have delivery advantages over traditional tablet or powder formulations. This Account focuses on the premise that these CS NPs can adhere to and infiltrate the mucus layer in the small intestine. Subsequently, the infiltrated CS NPs transiently open the TJs between epithelial cells. Because they are pH-sensitive, the nanoparticles become less stable and disintegrate, releasing the loaded insulin. The insulin then permeates through the opened paracellular pathway and moves into the systemic circulation.
Surface treatment and finishing of aluminum and its alloys. Volumes 1 and 2 (5th revised and enlarged edition) (1987)

Currently available technologies for treating and finishing Al and Al-alloy surfaces are surveyed in an introduction and reference handbook. Chapters are devoted to the properties, alloys, and finishes of Al; mechanical treatments and finishes; electrolytic and chemical polishing; chemical cleaning and etching; chemical conversion coatings; theoretical models of anodizing; decorative and protective anodizing; and anodizing in architecture. Also included are: hard anodizing, coloring anodic oxide coatings (AOCs) with dyes and pigments, sealing AOCs, properties and tests of AOCs, plating on Al, organic finishing, vitreous enameling, and effluents from Al-finishing operations. Diagrams, drawings, graphs, photographs, micrographs, and tables of national finish specifications are provided.
Building a Trustworthy Execution Environment to Defeat Exploits from both Cyber Space and Physical Space for ARM (2018)

The rapid evolution of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies has led to an emerging need to make them smarter. However, the smartness comes at the cost of multi-vector security exploits. From cyber space, a compromised operating system could access all the data in a cloud-aware IoT device. From physical space, cold-boot attacks and DMA attacks impose a great threat to the unattended devices. In this paper, we propose TrustShadow that provides a comprehensively protected execution environment for unmodified application running on ARM-based IoT devices. To defeat cyber attacks, TrustShadow takes advantage of ARM TrustZone technology and partitions resources into the secure and normal worlds. In the secure world, TrustShadow constructs a trusted execution environment for security-critical applications. This trusted environment is maintained by a lightweight runtime system. The runtime system does not provide system services itself. Rather, it forwards them to the untrusted normal-world OS, and verifies the returns. The runtime system further employs a page based encryption mechanism to ensure that all the data segments of a security-critical application appear in ciphertext in DRAM chip. When an encrypted data page is accessed, it is transparently decrypted to a page in the internal RAM, which is immune to physical exploits.
A Hybrid Shared Memory/Message Passing Parallel Machine (1993)

Current and emerging high-performance parallel com puter architectures generally implement one of two types of communication mechanisms: shared memory (SM) or message passing (MP). In this paper we propose a hybrid SM/MP architecture together with a hybrid SM/MP programming model, that we believe effectively combines the advantages of each system. The SM/MP architecture contains both a high-performance coherence protocol for shared memory, and message-passing primi tives that coexist with the coherence protocol but have no coherence overhead. The SM/MP programming model provides a framework for safely and effectively using the SM/MP communication primitives. We illustrate the use of the model and primitives to reduce communication overhead in SM systems.
Novel method for deposition of <i>in</i> <i>situ</i> arsenic-doped polycrystalline silicon using conventional low pressure chemical vapor deposition systems (1994)

We studied low pressure chemical vapor deposition of in situ arsenic-doped silicon films using a standard vertical thermal reactor. The films were deposited as a stack of doped and undoped layers for a targeted thickness. The redistribution of the dopant was achieved with postanneals in a rapid thermal processor. We fabricated stacked capacitors to study depletion capacitance effects. This deposition method is easily integrated for high volume production of thicker polycrystalline silicon films used for dynamic random access memory cell capacitor plates in complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. Using this method, we achieved thickness and sheet resistance nonuniformities of less than 3% for deposited and subsequently annealed films.
Max-Min Fairness User Scheduling and Power Allocation in Full-Duplex OFDMA Systems (2019)

In a full-duplex (FD) multi-user network, the system performance is not only limited by the self-interference but also by the co-channel interference due to the simultaneous uplink and downlink transmissions. Joint design of the uplink/downlink transmission direction of users and the power allocation is crucial for achieving high system performance in the FD multi-user network. In this paper, we investigate the joint uplink/downlink transmission direction assignment (TDA), user paring (UP), and power allocation problem for maximizing the system max-min fairness (MMF) rate in an FD multi-user orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system. The problem is formulated with a two-time-scale structure, where the TDA and the UP variables are for optimizing a long-term MMF rate while the power allocation is for optimizing an instantaneous MMF rate during each channel coherence interval. We show that the studied joint MMF rate maximization problem is NP-hard in general. To obtain high-quality suboptimal solutions, we propose efficient methods based on simple relaxation and greedy rounding techniques. The simulation results are presented to show that the proposed algorithms are effective and achieve higher MMF rates than the existing heuristic methods.
Cell labeling with magnetic nanoparticles: Opportunity for magnetic cell imaging and cell manipulation (2013)

This tutorial describes a method of controlled cell labeling with citrate-coated ultra small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. This method may provide basically all kinds of cells with sufficient magnetization to allow cell detection by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to enable potential magnetic manipulation. In order to efficiently exploit labeled cells, quantify the magnetic load and deliver or follow-up magnetic cells, we herein describe the main requirements that should be applied during the labeling procedure. Moreover we present some recommendations for cell detection and quantification by MRI and detail magnetic guiding on some real-case studies in vitro and in vivo.
Mutations on the FG surface loop of human papillomavirus type 16 major capsid protein affect recognition by both type-specific neutralizing antibodies and cross-reactive antibodies (2005)

The aim of this study was to further characterize the conformational neutralizing epitopes present on the surface-exposed FG loop of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 L1 major capsid protein. We have generated previously two chimeric L1 proteins by insertion of a foreign peptide encoding an epitope of the hepatitis B core (HBc) antigen within the FG loop. In addition, three other chimeric L1 proteins were obtained by replacing three different FG loop sequences by the HBc motif and three others by point mutations. All these chimeric L1 proteins retained the ability to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), with the exception of the mutant with substitution of the L1 sequence 274-279 by the HBc motif. The eight chimeric VLPs were then analyzed for differential reactivity with a set of six HPV-16 and HPV-31 monoclonal antibodies that bound to conformational and linear epitopes. The binding patterns of these monoclonal antibodies confirmed that the FG loop contained or contributed to neutralizing conformational epitopes. The results obtained suggested that the H31.F7 antibody, an anti-HPV-31 cross-reacting and neutralizing antibody, recognized a conformational epitope situated before the 266-271 sequence. In addition, H16.E70 neutralizing antibody reactivity was reduced with L1 VLPs with an Asn to Ala point mutation at position 270, suggesting that Asn is a part of the epitope recognized by this antibody. This study contributes to the understanding of the antigenic structure of HPV-16 and -31 L1 proteins by confirming that the FG loop contributes to neutralizing epitopes and suggesting the existence of both type-specific and cross-reactive conformational epitopes within the FG loop.
Globular adiponectin protects H9c2 cells from palmitate-induced apoptosis via Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways (2012)

Taken together, the present study demonstrated that adiponectin protects H9c2 cells from palmitate-induced apoptosis via PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Our results reveal a link between adiponectin and cardiomyocytes apoptosis, suggesting that adioponectin may be a promising therapeutic for the treatment of lipotoxicity cardiomyopathy.
USAGE: a web-based approach towards the analysis of SAGE data (2000)

USAGE is freely accessible for academic institutions at http://www.cmbi.kun.nl/usage/. The source code of USAGE is freely available for academic institutions on request from the first author.
The Kaiser and his court: Wilhelm II and the government of Germany (1995)

Kaiser Wilhelm II, Queen Victoria's eldest grandchild, took over the running of the powerful German Reich from Bismarck and within a couple of decades had led it into world war and collapse. How did the Kaiser come to have so much power? Why was there no one to help him steer a less disastrous course? This book analyses these crucial questions with the help of a wealth of new archival sources. The book begins with a character-sketch of the Kaiser which provides new and alarming insights into his personality. It then looks, crucially, at the Kaiser's friends and favourites, the neo-absolutist culture of the court and of Berlin court society, and at the nature of his relationship with the court on the one hand and with the administrative 'pyramid' in Prussia and the Reich on the other. The book makes clear that these bureaucrats and diplomats had neither the means nor the will to oppose the overwhelming determination of the Kaiser and his close friends and advisers in directing the policies of the most dynamic and volatile state in Europe. The dangerous consequences of this situation led to the brink of world war as early as December 1912. A final chapter reveals for the first time the appalling extent and nature of the exiled Kaiser's anti-semitism.
Sulfur-containing amino acids are a major determinant of urinary calcium. (1985)

Epidemiological evidence suggests a relation between dietary protein intake and nephrolithiasis. In addition, generation of acid equivalents from dietary protein increases urinary calcium excretion. To further evaluate the usefulness of epidemiological or clinical tools to study the relation between dietary protein and urinary calcium, the correlation between urinary urea and sulfate excretion on the one hand and calcium excretion on the other hand was examined in 42 healthy individuals. Only a modest correlation was found between urea and calcium excretion (r = 0.33); in contrast, the correlation between sulfate and calcium excretion was marked (r = 0.73) and highly significant (p less than 0.01). It remained significant when the influences of urea, sodium, hydroxyproline, and oxalate excretion were taken into account using partial regression analysis. In 9 healthy male probands, addition of 6 g L-methionine (40 mmol) to their usual diet caused an increase of urinary sulfate (+ 3,795 mg/24 h) and urinary calcium (+ 86.4 mg/24 h). The variable methionine/cysteine-cystine content of dietary proteins may explain why urinary calcium is correlated better with urinary sulfate than urinary urea.
A First-in-Human Phase I Study of the ATP-Competitive AKT Inhibitor Ipatasertib Demonstrates Robust and Safe Targeting of AKT in Patients with Solid Tumors (2016)

Potent inhibition of AKT signaling with ipatasertib was associated with a tolerable safety profile and meaningful disease control in a subgroup of patients. Targeting pAKT with an ATP-competitive inhibitor provides a greater therapeutic window than allosteric inhibitors. Further investigation with ipatasertib is ongoing in phase II studies. Cancer Discov; 7(1); 102-13. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
INSIGHTS INTO PROTEIN FOLDING FROM NMR (1996)

NMR has emerged as an important tool for studies of protein folding because of the unique structural insights it can provide into many aspects of the folding process. Applications include measurements of kinetic folding events and structural characterization of folding intermediates, partly folded states, and unfolded states. Kinetic information on a time scale of milliseconds or longer can be obtained by real-time NMR experiments and by quench-flow hydrogen-exchange pulse labeling. Although NMR cannot provide direct information on the very rapid processes occurring during the earliest stages of protein folding, studies of isolated peptide fragments provide insights into likely protein folding initiation events. Multidimensional NMR techniques are providing new information on the structure and dynamics of protein folding intermediates and both partly folded and unfolded states.
Realization of sub-micron radius of curvature measurement in vertical interferometer workstation (2014)

Radius of curvature (ROC) is one of the key parameters for optical elements and it is especially important for high quality optical system, in which the computer-aided integration is wildly used. ROC is one of the main input parameters and its measurement accuracy is a premise for high quality integration. In this paper, sub-micron ROC measurements are realized in a vertical interference workstation based on Fizeau interferometer. The error sources and uncertainty of the system are analyzed. Experiment results based on samples with difference ROC are presented and in accordance with the analysis. At last, a ROC comparing tests between the system and a three-coordinates measuring machine (CMM) are performed on a SiC ball to certify the workstation’s measurement uncertainty.
Induction of beta-lactamase production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm (1991)

Imipenem induced high levels of beta-lactamase production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Piperacillin also induced beta-lactamase production in these biofilms but to a lesser degree. The combination of beta-lactamase production with other protective properties of the biofilm mode of growth could be a major reason for the persistence of this sessile bacterium in chronic infections.
Rheological Properties and Stability of Squalene Emulsion Prepared with Non-Ionic Emulsifier (2017)

Squalene is natural occurring polyprenyl compound with a linear triterpene chemical structure commonly found in animal and vegetal sources such as skin lipids from human body, liver of certain species of fish, especially sharks, crude vegetable oils (e.g olive, amaranth, palm oil etc.). Recently there has been an increasing interest in studying polymers that can be used as promising emulsions for drug delivery and vaccine applications. Recent studies proved that squalene has several beneficial and unique properties such as natural antioxidant, ensure skin hydration, biocompatibility. This can be used as such or for preparing stable and non-toxic emulsions. Herein we present the preparation and characterization of squalene oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by different non-ionic emulsifiers. Emulsion stability is a primary concern, therefore physical stability of squalene emulsions was also investigated. The major aim of the study was to find the optimal preparation conditions and assessing emulsion stability correlated with their viscosity and composition. In order to establish the connection between their physical stability and viscosity were performed rheological studies.
A bimodal energy model for correcting beam hardening artefacts in X-ray tomography (2003)

As a consequence of the polychromatic X-ray sources, used in micro-computer tomography (/spl mu/CT) and in medical CT, the attenuation is no longer a linear function of absorber thickness. If this nonlinear beam hardening effect is not compensated, the reconstructed images will be corrupted by cupping artefacts. Here, a bimodal energy model for the energy spectrum is presented, which may be used for reduction of artefacts caused by beam hardening. In essence, this correction method is a linearization technique based on a physical model, where no a priori knowledge about the spectrum of the source is required.
Energy-Efficient Location Logging for Mobile Device (2010)

Location logging is a technique that continuously records user's location using various location sensing and positioning technologies. Location logs and information derived from those logs can be useful contexts for various applications. However, previous research related to recording and handling location logs failed to seriously consider heavy battery consumption. Heavy battery consumption is a serious problem in location logging research and applications, and it has obstructed location logging applications to be widely used. In this paper, we present Variable Rate Logging (VRL) mechanism to maximize battery life of continuous logging for user's location with minimum loss of logging quality. Our mechanism can optimize any application which requires continuous recording of user's location and dramatically extend its battery life. Evaluation results show that Variable Rate Logging mechanism has 143% longer battery life than fixed rate logging.