gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Extracellular RNAs Produced by the Marine Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodovulum sulfidophilum (2006)

The marine photosynthetic bacterium Rhodovulum sulfidophilum produces extracellular nucleic acids that are involved in its flocculation. These were found to be produced concomitantly with cell growth. The RNA fraction of these extracellular nucleic acids was subjected to cDNA analysis by applying a micro RNA cloning method and found to contain mainly fully mature-sized tRNAs and fragments of 16S and 23S rRNAs. Analyses of modified bases and genes of the RNAs revealed no structural difference between the intracellular and extracellular RNAs. This is the first report of structural analyses of bacterial extracellular RNAs.
Performance measurements of a depth-encoding PET detector module based on position-sensitive avalanche photodiode read-out (2004)

We are developing a high-resolution, high-efficiency positron emission tomography (PET) detector module with depth of interaction (DOI) capability based on a lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillator array coupled at both ends to position-sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPDs). In this paper we present the DOI resolution, energy resolution and timing resolution results for complete detector modules. The detector module consists of a 7 x 7 matrix of LSO scintillator crystals (1 x 1 x 20 mm3 in dimension) coupled to 8 x 8 mm2 PSAPDs at both ends. Flood histograms were acquired and used to generate crystal look-up tables. The DOI resolution was measured for individual crystals within the array by using the ratio of the signal amplitudes from the two PSAPDs on an event-by-event basis. A measure of the total scintillation light produced was obtained by summing the signal amplitudes from the two PSAPDs. This summed signal was used to measure the energy resolution. The DOI resolution was measured to be 3-4 mm FWHM irrespective of the position of the crystal within the array, or the interaction location along the length of the crystal. The total light signal and energy resolution was almost independent of the depth of interaction. The measured energy resolution averaged 14% FWHM. The coincidence timing resolution measured using a pair of identical detector modules was 4.5 ns FWHM. These results are consistent with the design goals and the performance required of a compact, high-resolution and high-efficiency PET detector module for small animal and breast imaging applications.
Perovskite Quantum Dots: Artificial Chemist: An Autonomous Quantum Dot Synthesis Bot (Adv. Mater. 30/2020) (2020)

In article number 2001626, Milad Abolhasani and co-workers present an “Artificial Chemist”: a machine-learning-guided, self-driving robot for on-demand quantum dot synthesis. Flow chemistry is integrated with artificial-intelligence-driven experiment-selection algorithms to autonomously conduct over 1400 unassisted experiments for accelerated synthetic-path discovery of perovskite quantum dots for any peak emission energy.
Calcium dobesilate and transmembrane potential in canine cardiac cells. A preliminary study. (1986)

The electropharmacological effects of calcium 2,5-dihydroxybenzene sulfonate (calcium dobesilate, Doxium) were studied by means of intracellular microelectrode technique in order to measure the changes in action potentials (A.ps.) in dog isolated cardiac Purkinje fibers and the adjacent ventricular tissue superfused with Tyrode's solution. The addition of 25 mmol/l of calcium dobesilate to the superfusate suppressed automaticity in spontaneously functioning preparation. The frequency of the action potentials was decreased and their duration increased with elevation and prolongation of their plateau phase. These effects were produced in both Purkinje and adjacent ventricular fibers and they were reversed by washing out with Tyrode's solution. Addition of calcium (25 mmol/l) restored automaticity in preparation in which spontaneous activity had been previously arrested by tetrodotoxin (10(-4) mol/l). Calcium dobesilate-induced action potentials were slow i.e. with low dV/dtmax and were abolished by verapamil (10(-5) mol/l). Calcium dobesilate increased the contractile force in both normally working and tetrodotoxin-arrested preparations. These findings suggest that calcium dobesilate acts on the myocardial cell by promoting transmembrane calcium influx during the plateau phase through activation of the slow inward calcium current.
Three Dimensional Analysis of Light Transmittance Character in Many Index-ellipsoids Connected in Series (2005)

The three dimensional optical technique has been applied to analyze the experimental results relating to the magnetic wave scattering phenomena. Recently, we have developed an ideal equation for analyzing the three dimensional transmittance character of light scattered due to many index-ellipsoids. The index-ellipsoids are arranged directly along the light axis in series. In this case, the size of index-ellipsoid and the gap distance between each index-ellipsoid and neighbor one are considered as a calculation condition. By using an analyzing equation devised by us, we have tried to find out the condition under which the light can be passed trough many transparent mediums with high efficiency. From the numerical calculations, we succeeded to look for the condition the maximum transmittance of light 100% is obtained when a spherical and elliptic index-ellipsoids are alternately arranged each other.
A New Tool for Assessing Precise Predictions (2009)

Abstract. In the debate over null hypothesis significance testing, Paul Meehl strongly advocated appraising theories through the generation and evaluation of precise predictions (e.g., Meehl, 1978). The study of personality structure through the five-factor model (FFM; McCrae &amp; John, 1992) is an important area of research where one encounters many precise predictions. Extant methods of assessing such predictions, however, do not allow researchers to examine the outcome of the predictions in great detail. That is, it may be difficult to determine how estimates fail to match predicted values. As Meehl argued, one must examine how a theory fails to predict in order to refine and improve the theory. To promote better theory appraisal in FFM research, we present a powerful new tool, called a tableplot (Kwan, 2008a), that can summarize and clarify factor-analytic results. Specifically, we illustrate how the tableplot enables detailed appraisal of precise predictions in the FFM.
Looking but not seeing (2007)

Motivation: In this paper we report on part of a study to understand how information layering techniques can be used to reduce change blindness. Change blindness, in general, is the failure of the human to detect changes to information that occur within his or her visual field. There are several variants of failures of visual awareness known as: Change Blindness, Inattentional Blindness, Repetition Blindness, and Comparison Blindness. Failure or delays in observing changes in complex, dynamic and safety critical systems by, say, operators can lead to disastrous outcomes. Hence, drawing together the different reasons reported in the literature can provide us with a first step towards developing design techniques for reducing change blindness in the hope that we can contribute to better and safer systems.
CYP2E1-mediated mechanism of anti-genotoxicity of the broccoli constituent sulforaphane (1996)

The broccoli constituent sulforaphane (1-isothiocyanate-4-methylsulfinylbutane) has previously been shown to protect rats against 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benz[a]anthracene tumorigenesis, thought to be due, at least in part, to induction of phase II detoxification. We investigated the ability of sulforaphane to also inhibit the phase I enzyme cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2E1 (CYP2E1), which is responsible for activation of several carcinogens, including dialkylnitrosamines. Using the p-nitrophenol hydroxylation assay in microsomes from livers of acetone-treated Sprague-Dawley rats, sulforaphane was shown to be a potent competitive inhibitor of CYP2E1 with a Ki of 37.0 +/- 4.5 microM. In view of this result, we studied the capacity of sulforaphane to inhibit the genotoxicity of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Sulforaphane at concentrations of > 0.8 microM inhibited the mutagenicity of NDMA (4.4 mg/plate) in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 after pre-incubation for 45 min with cytosol extract from livers of Balb/c mice pre-treated with acetone. Unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by NDMA (33.5 microM) in mouse hepatocytes was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by sulforaphane at 0.064-20 microM. Sulforaphane was unable to inhibit mutagenicity of sodium azide (5 micrograms/plate), a direct acting mutagen, in the Salmonella assay. It was not itself genotoxic in hepatocytes, as measured by unscheduled DNA synthesis, or mutagenic in the strain of Salmonella employed and cytotoxic only at high concentrations (> or = 0.5 mM). These findings suggest that inhibition of CYP2E1 by sulforaphane may offer chemoprotection against carcinogenic substrates of this enzyme.
Characterization of Damage in γ-irradiated and OsO<sub>4</sub>-treated DNA Using Methoxyamine (1988)

Unlabelled and radiolabelled methoxyamine have been used to characterize DNA damage caused by gamma-rays or by the chemical reagent osmium tetroxide (OsO4). Both treatments introduce in DNA a number of methoxyamine-binding sites proportional to the dose. Whereas the number of these sites remains constant after the OsO4 treatment it increases during postirradiation incubation; the postirradiation appearance of methoxyamine-binding sites is enhanced by the presence of methoxyamine. OsO4 treatment and gamma-irradiation also induce the formation of alkali-labile sites in DNA. Whereas the number of these sites remains constant after OsO4 treatment, it increases during postirradiation incubation and an alkaline medium accelerates their formation. A fraction of the alkali-labile sites found in gamma-irradiated DNA is methoxyamine-labile; by contrast, the OsO4-treated DNA is stable in the presence of methoxyamine.
Identification of Sesquiterpene Synthases from<i>Nostoc punctiforme</i>PCC 73102 and<i>Nostoc</i>sp. Strain PCC 7120 (2008)

Cyanobacteria are a rich source of natural products and are known to produce terpenoids. These bacteria are the major source of the musty-smelling terpenes geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, which are found in many natural water supplies; however, no terpene synthases have been characterized from these organisms to date. Here, we describe the characterization of three sesquiterpene synthases identified in Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 (terpene synthase NS1) and Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 (terpene synthases NP1 and NP2). The second terpene synthase in N. punctiforme (NP2) is homologous to fusion-type sesquiterpene synthases from Streptomyces spp. shown to produce geosmin via an intermediate germacradienol. The enzymes were functionally expressed in Escherichia coli, and their terpene products were structurally identified as germacrene A (from NS1), the eudesmadiene 8a-epi-alpha-selinene (from NP1), and germacradienol (from NP2). The product of NP1, 8a-epi-alpha-selinene, so far has been isolated only from termites, in which it functions as a defense compound. Terpene synthases NP1 and NS1 are part of an apparent minicluster that includes a P450 and a putative hybrid two-component protein located downstream of the terpene synthases. Coexpression of P450 genes with their adjacent located terpene synthase genes in E. coli demonstrates that the P450 from Nostoc sp. can be functionally expressed in E. coli when coexpressed with a ferredoxin gene and a ferredoxin reductase gene from Nostoc and that the enzyme oxygenates the NS1 terpene product germacrene A. This represents to the best of our knowledge the first example of functional expression of a cyanobacterial P450 in E. coli.
Improving Mispronunciation Detection for Non-Native Learners with Multisource Information and LSTM-Based Deep Models (2017)

In this paper, we utilize manner and place of articulation features and deep neural network models (DNNs) with long short-term memory (LSTM) to improve the detection performance of phonetic mispronunciations produced by second language learners. First, we show that speech attribute scores are complementary to conventional phone scores, so they can be concatenated as features to improve a baseline system based only on phone information. Next, pronunciation representation, usually calculated by frame-level averaging in a DNN, is now learned by LSTM, which directly uses sequential context information to embed a sequence of pronunciation scores into a pronunciation vector to improve the perfonnance of subsequent mispronunciation detectors. Finally, when both proposed techniques are incorporated into the baseline phone-based GOP (goodness of pronunciation) classifier system trained on the same data, the integrated system reduces the false acceptance rate (FAR) and false rejection rate (FRR) by 37.90% and 38.44% (relative), respectively, from the baseline system.
Characteristics of Liquid Atomization by the Internal Mixing Twin-Fluid Atomizer(I). Effect of Geometry of Mixing Chamber. (1997)

In order to clarify the influence of the geometry of the mixing chamber on the atomization by the internal mixing twin-fluid atomizer, several flow patterns in the mixing chamber, which were caused by the change of the mixing chamber geometry, were photographed and the Sauter mean diameter was measured by the Fraunhofer diffraction technique. The change of the mixing chamber length has an effect on the flow pattern within the mixing chamber and the Sauter mean diameter of a spray issued from the atomizer. When an atomizing air/water mass ratio is under 0.2, the Sauter mean diameter becomes smaller, as the liquid is more mixed with the atomizing air within the mixing chamber.
Trench Gate Power MOSFET: Recent Advances and Innovations (2012)

The trench gate MOSFET has established itself as the most suitable power device for low to medium power applications by offering the lowest possible ON resistance among all MOS devices. The evolution of the trench gate power MOSFET has been discussed in this chapter, starting right from its beginnings to the recent trends. The innovations in the structural improvements to meet the requirements for an efficient operation, the progress in the fabrication technology, the characterization methods and various reliability issues have been emphasized.
Energy-Level and Molecular Engineering of Organic D-π-A Sensitizers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2008)

A series of organic D-π-A sensitizers composed of different triarylamine donors in conjugation with the thienothiophene unit and cyanoacrylic acid as an acceptor has been synthesized at a moderate yield. Through tuning the number of methoxy substituents on the triphenylamine donor, we have gradually red-shifted the absorption of sensitizers to enhance device efficiencies. Further molecular engineering by the substitution of two hexyloxy chains in place of the methoxy groups allows fabricating a solvent-free dye-sensitized solar cell with a power conversion efficiency of 7.05% measured under the air mass 1.5 global sunlight. Time- and frequency-domain photoelectrical techniques have been employed to scrutinize the aliphatic chain effects with a close inspection on effective electron lifetime, diffusion coefficient, and diffusion length.
Microscope Instrumentation and Optics: A Researcher's "Road Test" (1997)

Abstract Microscopists in today's laboratories face multiple challenges. Many must examine specimens according to legal, governmental or grant-specific requirements. Protocol requires that the specimens be documented by conventional photography, electronic imaging techniques, or both. Because of the thousands of specimens examined, operators work under conditions of potential physical strain for hours at a time. And the material they examine requires that they have expertise with large and complex imaging instruments.
Sperry, William C. • 1918–1991 (1992)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Alice Suter, George Hessler; Sperry, William C. • 1918–1991. J Acoust Soc Am 1 March 1992; 91 (3): 1773. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.402459 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Combined Inhibitory Effects of Curcumin and Phenethyl Isothiocyanate on the Growth of Human PC-3 Prostate Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice (2006)

Earlier studies using prostate cancer cells in culture showed that phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and curcumin have significant chemopreventive and possibly chemotherapeutic effects. However, their in vivo effects are still lacking. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the possible in vivo efficacy of prostate cancer-prevention as well as cancer-therapeutic treatment by PEITC and curcumin alone or in combination. We evaluated the effects on tumor growth in vivo, using NCr immunodeficient (nu/nu) mice bearing s.c. xenografts of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Molecular biomarkers representing proliferation and apoptosis were determined. Continued i.p. injection of curcumin or PEITC (6 and 5 mumol; thrice a week for 28 days), beginning a day before tumor implantation significantly retarded the growth of PC-3 xenografts. Combination of i.p. administration of PEITC (2.5 mumol) and curcumin (3 mumol) showed stronger growth-inhibitory effects. Next, we evaluated the cancer-therapeutic potential of curcumin and PEITC in mice with well-established tumors, and the results showed that PEITC or curcumin alone had little effect, whereas combination of curcumin and PEITC significantly reduced the growth of PC-3 xenografts. Immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot analysis revealed that the inhibition of Akt and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways could contribute to the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Taken together, our results show that PEITC and curcumin alone or in combination possess significant cancer-preventive activities in the PC-3 prostate tumor xenografts. Furthermore, we found that combination of PEITC and curcumin could be effective in the cancer-therapeutic treatment of prostate cancers.
Simultaneous Observation of Bright-and Dark-Field Large-Angle Convergent-Beam Electron Diffraction Patterns (1985)

Simultaneous Observation of Bright-and Dark-Field Large-Angle Convergent-Beam Electron Diffraction Patterns Masami TERAUCHI, Masami TERAUCHI Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai, 980 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michiyoshi TANAKA Michiyoshi TANAKA Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai, 980 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Electron Microscopy, Volume 34, Issue 2, 1985, Pages 128–135, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a050502 Published: 01 January 1985 Article history Published: 01 January 1985 Received: 30 April 1985 Accepted: 31 May 1985
Thermionic junction devices utilizing phonon blocking (2020)

Electrothermal elements are used in various energy harvesters, coolers, and radiation detectors. The optimal operation of these elements relies on mastering two competing boundary conditions: the maximization of the electrothermal response and the blockade of lattice (phonon) thermal conduction. In this work, we propose and demonstrate that efficient electrothermal operation and phonon blocking can be achieved in solid-state thermionic junctions, paving the way for new phonon-engineered high-efficiency refrigerators and sensors. Our experimental demonstration uses semiconductor-superconductor (Sm-S) junctions where the electrothermal response arises from the superconducting energy gap and the phonon blocking results from the acoustic transmission bottleneck at the junction. We demonstrate a cooling platform where a silicon chip, suspended only from the Sm-S junctions, is cooled by ~40% from the bath temperature. We also show how the observed effect can be used in radiation detectors and multistage electronic refrigerators suitable for cooling of quantum technology devices.
Semaphorin Signals on the Road to Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (2007)

Semaphorins are a large family of secreted and membrane-bound molecules initially implicated in the development of the nervous system and in axon guidance. More recently, they have been found to regulate cell adhesion and cell motility, angiogenesis, immune function and tumour progression. Notably, Semaphorins have been implicated with opposite functions in cancer: either as putative tumor suppressors and anti-angiogenic factors, or as mediating tumour angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Interestingly, Semaphorins may display divergent activities in different cell types. These multifaceted functions may be explained by the involvement of different kinds of semaphorin receptor complexes, and by the consequent activation of multiple signaling pathways, in different cells or different functional stages. Semaphorin signaling is largely mediated by the Plexins. However, semaphorin receptor complexes may also include Neuropilins and tyrosine kinases implicated in cancer. In this review, we will focus on major open questions concerning the potential role of Semaphorin signals in cancer.
Thionitroxides, RSNHO <sup>•</sup> :  The Structure of the SNO Moiety in “ <i>S</i> -Nitrosohemoglobin”, A Possible NO Reservoir and Transporter (2006)

Nitric oxide (NO) plays important roles in many biological processes. S-Nitrosothiols have long been believed to have significant roles in NO biochemistry. The modified cysteine residue of hemoglobin was previously identified as a distorted S-nitrosothiol (RSNO) or an S-hydroxyamino radical (RSN*OH). Here we show that a thionitroxide (RSNHO*, S-aminyloxyl radical) is likely the observed species. Computational studies show that the thionitroxide is the only structure consistent with the electron density in the hemoglobin Cysbeta93-SNO structure previously reported. Although a metastable adduct, the thionitroxide in a hydrogen-bonding environment can form readily and release NO upon exposure to an aqueous environment. The thionitroxides could be responsible for the biological effects attributed to S-nitrosothiols or could serve as precursors to S-nitrosothiols in oxidative conditions.
Structural and functional characteristics of xenavidin, the first frog avidin from Xenopus tropicalis (2009)

The novel data reported here provide information about the biochemically and structurally important determinants of biotin binding. This information may facilitate the discovery of novel tools for biotechnology.