gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Light-Load Efficiency of Three-Phase Dual Active Bridge Isolated Bidirectional DC/DC Converter by Employing Y-Δ Transformation (2013)

In order to improve light-load efficiency, a Y-Δ connected three-phase dual active bridge (DAB) galvanically isolated bidirectional dc/dc converter topology is proposed in this paper. All the primary and secondary switches of this converter are operated in a soft-switched manner over the entire operating range, when the secondary to primary voltage gain is kept within approximately 100 ± 14%. In comparison with the conventional Y-Y connected three-phase DAB converter, the stresses of power devices such as transformers, inductors, filters' capacitors, and switches are almost at the same level as that of the conventional converter, and the power devices can be kept at the same size. With space vector analysis of voltage harmonics and inductor current harmonics, it is clear that the 5th and 7th harmonics' reactive current flowing through the inductor is greater than that of the Y-Y connected DAB converter at light-load condition, which makes switches easy to be operated in a soft-switched manner when they turn on. A 5.5kW prototype has been built to verify all the theoretical considerations.
Event Correlation using Rule and Object Based Techniques (1995)

Today’s competitive market place has forced the telecommunications industry to improve their service and reliability. One step that telecommunications companies have taken to reduce network failures is the installation of operations centers to collect data from network elements. These centers are staffed by network managers who monitor network activity by correlating alarms across various operational disciplines (switch, facility, traffic) and relating them to a common cause. Accurate analysis is often difficult due to the volume of data and complexity of problems. ECXpert is a product developed recently at AT&T to help network managers monitor and analyze alarms, take corrective actions, and minimize disruptions to the network. Successful implementation of event correlation has increased customer revenue since trouble isolation can be done faster, resulting in quicker restoration of service. The essence of ECXpert is a high level language with which users can specify network events and their correlation with alarms. The system is written in Prolog and C++, a powerful combination which facilitated development to occur on time and in budget. It has been deployed in network management centers throughout the U.S. and is currently being marketed overseas. ECXpert is a success story for Prolog within AT&T.
Ethanol Extract of<i>Antrodia camphorata</i>Grown on Germinated Brown Rice Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in Mice with Acute DSS-Induced Colitis (2013)

The anti-inflammatory activity of Antrodia camphorata (AC) grown on germinated brown rice (CBR) extract was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. CBR suppressed the release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 from lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-)stimulated RAW264.7 cells. CBR inhibited the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-(COX-)2 proteins, and it activated p38-MAPK, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK), and NF- κ B in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression was reduced in CBR-treated RAW264.7 cells. In concert with in vitro data, CBR suppressed the levels of dextran-sulfate-sodium-(DSS-)induced iNOS and COX-2 proteins in the colon tissue. CBR treatment inhibited activated p38-MAPK, ERK, and NF- κ B proteins in the colon tissue of DSS-induced mice. TNF- α and IL-6 mRNA expression was reduced in DSS+CBR-treated mice. The disease activity index and histological scores were significantly lower in CBR-treated mice (500 mg/kg/day) than in DSS-treated mice (P < 0.05 versus DSS). This is the first report of anti-inflammatory activity of CBR in DSS-induced acute colitis. These results suggest that CBR is a promising, potential agent for preventing acute colitis through the inhibition of NF- κ B signaling and its upstream signaling molecules, including MAPKs.
Well Integrity Mechanism, Failure, and Testing in Shallow Marine Sediments. (2000)

The leak-off test (LOT) is an in-situ method for testing casing shoe integrity in a well. It is used to evaluate the cement and formation integrity relative to the well plan specifications. The results determine whether any remedial cementing or corrective actions are required and are a basis for planning future wells in the area. Typical analysis of LOTs assumes an elastic wellbore and involves identification of linear trends on the recorded plots. However, LOTs recorded in shallow marine sediments (SMS) are inherently nonlinear and their analysis is a problem. Starting from the analyses of shallow soil properties, LOT plots, and leak-off pressure data, the dissertation presents the results of a theoretical study (analytical and numerical-finite element analysis) into potential for damage to cement integrity at the casing shoe resulting from leak-off test in SMS. Stress, strain and displacement around the open hole are analyzed before and during LOT. Three types of possible failures from LOTs were considered: vertical fracture, horizontal fracture, and cement parting. It is proved that vertical fracture is the most unlikely failure of the three. Although horizontal fractures are initiated at low pressure in the plastic zone around the wellbore, they cannot propagate beyond the plastic zone until wellbore pressures exceed overburden pressures. Cement parting, on the other hand, may propagate upwards at pressures lower than overburden pressure. The study identifies two factors, related directly to drilling technology, that control critical pressure of cement parting: contact stress and drilling fluid penetration. It is shown in the study that changes in cementing and drilling practices can improve casing shoe integrity and reduce the need for remedial cement squeezes. A general pressure-volume model of a LOT is presented including volumetric effects of wellbore expansion, mud loss into the rock, and propagation of both cement parting and plastic fracture. Software entitled LOTUMS was developed to simulate LOTs in SMS. A method is also proposed to identify the mechanisms controlling LOT results using known overburden pressure and the shape of LOT plot.
A Precision B Cell–Targeted Therapeutic Approach to Autoimmunity Caused by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway Dysregulation (2019)

The inositol lipid phosphatases PTEN and SHIP-1 play a crucial role in maintaining B cell anergy and are reduced in expression in B cells from systemic lupus erythematosus and type 1 diabetes patients, consequent to aberrant regulation by miRNA-7 and 155. With an eye toward eventual use in precision medicine therapeutic approaches in autoimmunity, we explored the ability of p110δ inhibition to compensate for PI3K pathway dysregulation in mouse models of autoimmunity. Low dosages of the p110δ inhibitor idelalisib, which spare the ability to mount an immune response to exogenous immunogens, are able to block the development of autoimmunity driven by compromised PI3K pathway regulation resultant from acutely induced B cell-targeted haploinsufficiency of PTEN and SHIP-1. These conditions do not block autoimmunity driven by B cell loss of the regulatory tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Finally, we show that B cells in NOD mice express reduced PTEN, and low-dosage p110δ inhibitor therapy blocks disease progression in this model of type 1 diabetes. These studies may aid in the development of precision treatments that act by enforcing PI3K pathway regulation in patients carrying specific risk alleles.
SCAN-PUF: A low overhead Physically Unclonable Function from scan chain power-up states (2013)

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are structures with many applications, including device authentication, identification, and cryptographic key generation. In this paper we propose a new PUF, called SCAN-PUF, based on scan-chain power-up states. We argue that scan chains have multiple characteristics that make them uniquely suited as a low-cost PUF. We present results from test chips fabricated in a 65nm bulk CMOS process in support of these claims. While approximately 20% of the total population of scan elements are unreliable across temperature variations, we find that simple unanimous selection schemes can result in mean error rates of less than 0.1% for the selected populations across all measurements collected.
Variable chip rate CDMA (2002)

A direct-sequence spread spectrum multiple access scheme called variable chip rate code-division multiple access (VCR-CDMA) is presented. The scheme supports different information bearing data rates for users or devices accessing various multimedia applications by varying the transmission (chip) rates and overlaying the frequency spectra of channels with different data rates. This scheme is applicable to home and office wireless environments that operate in unlicensed shared radio frequency bands. It is suitable for applications where various types of electronic devices and appliances of low duty cycle require tetherless connections to a central controller through a shared wireless medium. By assigning code channels of different chip rates, the total number of simultaneously active channels is increased. By using multiple orthogonal codes and/or codes of a different spreading factor, the multiple data rate capability of this scheme can be enhanced.
Polarity dependence of dielectric breakdown in scaled SiO/sub 2/ (2002)

We have investigated polarity dependence of dielectric breakdown under constant current stress in scaled SiO/sub 2/ dielectrics. Results show that high-field-induced interface state generation is reduced as oxide thickness scales down and charge-to-breakdown (Q/sub BD/) for positive gate bias (+V/sub g/) increases with decreasing oxide thickness. However, Q/sub BD/ for negative gate bias (-V/sub g/) shows an opposite trend to Q/sub BD/(+V/sub g/), i.e. Q/sub BD/(-V/sub g/) decreases dramatically with decreasing oxide thickness. Therefore, there is an increased polarity dependence of dielectric breakdown when oxide thickness scales down. A physical model based on the degradation of structural transition layer (STL) and interface is proposed to explain the observed trends in Q/sub BD/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Application of combined mass spectrometry and partial amino acid sequence to the identification of gel‐separated proteins (1996)

The combined use of peptide mass information with amino acid sequence information derived by chemical sequencing or mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches provides a powerful means of protein identification. We have used a two-part strategy to identify proteins from nerve growth factor (NGF)-stimulated rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line PC-12 cell lysates that associate with the adaptor protein Shc (Shc homologous and collagen protein). Initial experiments with metabolically radiolabeled cell extracts separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed a number of proteins that coimmunoprecipitated with anti-Shc antibody compared with control (unstimulated) cell extracts. The experiment was scaled up and cell lysate from NGF-stimulated PC-12 cells was applied to a glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-Shc affinity column, eluted, separated by SDS-PAGE and blotted to Immobilon-CD. The blotted proteins were proteolytically digested in situ, and the masses obtained from the extracted peptides were used in a peptide-mass search program in an attempt to identify the protein. Even if a strong candidate was found using this search, an additional step was performed to confirm the identification. The mixtures were fractionated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and subjected to chemical sequencing to obtain (partial) sequence information, or post-source decay (PSD-) matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization (MALDI)-MS to obtain sequence-specific fragment ions. This data was used in a peptide-sequence tag search to confirm the identity of the proteins. This combined approach allowed identification of four proteins of M(r) 43,000 to 200,000. In one case the identified protein clearly did not correspond to the radiolabeled band, but to a protein contaminant from the column. The advantages and pitfalls of the approach are discussed.
A workshop on the marrow microenvironment and hematological malignancy. (2003)

The Division of Cancer Biology of the National Cancer Institute hosted a workshop on hematological malignancies and the marrow microenvironment in Rockville, Maryland in the fall of 2002. There were 22 invited participants from the United States, Canada, and Europe, and the workshop was organized into disease-specific sessions. The sessions were designed to explore the basic science and therapeutic applications related to the stromal and nonstromal components of the marrow in malignant hematological diseases.
Histamine effects on the 5‐HT<sub>1c</sub> receptor expressed in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes (1991)

To analyze the cross-reactivity between serotonin (5-HT) and histamine, the in vitro transcribed RNA for the 5-HT1c receptor was functionally expressed in Xenopus oocytes. 5-HT significantly increased 45Ca2+ efflux in RNA-injected oocytes, but not in uninjected and water-injected control oocytes. Furthermore, histamine and the H1 receptor agonists, but not the H2 and H3 agonists, significantly induced 45Ca2+ efflux in 5-HT1c receptor RNA-injected oocytes, but not in uninjected and water-injected oocytes. However, the H1, H2, and H3 antagonists failed to inhibit histamine-induced 45Ca2+ efflux at 10(-6) M. This finding suggests that the 5-HT1c receptor can be activated by both 5-HT and histamine, although the action of histamine is different from classic histamine pharmacology.
An Adaptive Controller Based upon Continuous Estimation of the Closed Loop Frequency Response (1987)

An adaptive control algorithm based upon on-line estimation of the -180 degree shift frequency and the gain margin is investigated. The estimates are found by perturbing the system with a small signal and then correlating the system deviation with the excitation. As only two parameters are estimated, the algorithm is robust. Moreover, the estimator can be applied to non-minimum phase systems, including systems with a varying time-delay. The control algorithm can be of any form as long as there is a functional relationship between the estimated parameters and the control algorithm parameters. To avoid an excessive perturbation signal, the square of the amplitude of this signal is automatically adjusted to a certain ratio of the variance of the error signal. A mathematical analysis of convergence is presented and the theory is confirmed by experimental results.
miR-155 targets histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) and impairs transcriptional activity of B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) in the Eµ-miR-155 transgenic mouse model (2012)

Multiple studies have established that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. Notably, miR-155 is one of the most overexpressed miRNAs in several solid and hematological malignancies. Ectopic miR-155 expression in mice B cells (Eμ-miR-155 transgenic mice) has been shown to induce pre-B-cell proliferation followed by high-grade lymphoma/leukemia. Loss of miR-155 in mice resulted in impaired immunity due to defective T-cell-mediated immune response. Here we provide a mechanistic insight into miR-155-induced leukemogenesis in the Eμ-miR-155 mouse model through genome-wide transcriptome analysis of naïve B cells and target studies. We found that a key transcriptional repressor and proto-oncogene, Bcl6 is significantly down-regulated in Eμ-miR-155 mice. The reduction of Bcl6 subsequently leads to de-repression of some of the known Bcl6 targets like inhibitor of differentiation (Id2), interleukin-6 (IL6), cMyc, Cyclin D1, and Mip1α/ccl3, all of which promote cell survival and proliferation. We show that Bcl6 is indirectly regulated by miR-155 through Mxd1/Mad1 up-regulation. Interestingly, we found that miR-155 directly targets HDAC4, a corepressor partner of BCL6. Furthermore, ectopic expression of HDAC4 in human-activated B-cell-type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells results in reduced miR-155-induced proliferation, clonogenic potential, and increased apoptosis. Meta-analysis of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient microarray data showed that miR-155 expression is inversely correlated with Bcl6 and Hdac4. Hence this study provides a better understanding of how miR-155 causes disruption of the BCL6 transcriptional machinery that leads to up-regulation of the survival and proliferation genes in miR-155-induced leukemias.
Transient binding mode of phenolphthalein–β-cyclodextrin complex: the lactone dianion as an induced transition-state analogue trapped in β-cyclodextrin (1992)

1 H and 13C NMR spectroscopy of phenolphthalein disodium salt–β-cyclodextrin complex in Me2SO, and in mixtures of Me2SO–D2O, further supports the lactone dianion structure in the complex as a new and hitherto unforeseen form of phenolphthalein; the aryl residue bearing the lactone ring has penetrated the cavity, whereas both phenolate anions are held on the rim to modulate sensitively the binding mode of the complex, and the optimal space-filling molecular model shows that the lactone dianion has a remarkable close fitting contact to a β-CD, and also indicates that the distortion caused by the two phenolic groups on the shape of β-CD is a prerequisite and essential part of the subsequent structural transformation, destroying the quinone–phenolate system of the red-coloured phenolphthalein dianion to become flat on the rim, that is to adopt a conformation complementary to that of β-CD; in this way, the lactone-dianion is formed as an induced transition-state analogue trapped in β-CD for the enantiomerization of the helical three aromatic rings of a red coloured phenolphthalein in solution.
Detection of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> in Clinical Samples by 16S rRNA-Directed In Situ Hybridization (1999)

Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common causes of medical device-associated infections, including septicemic loosenings of orthopedic implants. Frequently, the microbiological diagnosis of these infections remains ambiguous, since at least some staphylococci have the capacity to reduce their growth rate considerably. These strains exhibit a small-colony phenotype, and often they are not detectable by conventional microbiological techniques. Moreover, clinical isolates of S. aureus and S. epidermidis adhere to polymer and metal surfaces by the generation of thick, multilayered biofilms consisting of bacteria and extracellular polysaccharides. This study reports improved detection and identification of S. aureus and S. epidermidis by an in situ hybridization method with fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide probes specific for staphylococcal 16S rRNA. The technique has proven to be suitable for the in situ detection of staphylococci, which is illustrated by the identification of S. epidermidis in a connective tissue sample obtained from a patient with septicemic loosening of a hip arthroplasty. We also show that this technique allows the detection of intracellularly persisting bacteria, including small-colony variants of S. aureus, and the differentiation of S. epidermidis from other clinically relevant staphylococci even when they are embedded in biofilms. These results suggest that the 16S rRNA in situ hybridization technique could represent a powerful diagnostic tool for the detection and differentiation of many other fastidious microorganisms.
Nonlinear inverse reconstruction for real‐time MRI of the human heart using undersampled radial FLASH (2010)

A previously proposed nonlinear inverse reconstruction for autocalibrated parallel imaging simultaneously estimates coil sensitivities and image content. This work exploits this property for real-time MRI, where coil sensitivities need to be dynamically adapted to the conditions generated by moving objects. The development comprises (i) an extension of the nonlinear inverse algorithm to non-Cartesian k-space encodings, (ii) its implementation on a graphical processing unit to reduce reconstruction times, and (iii) the use of a convolution-based iteration, which considerably simplifies the graphical processing unit implementation compared to a gridding technique. The method is validated for real-time MRI of the human heart at 3 T using radio frequency-spoiled radial FLASH (pulse repetition time/echo time = 2.0/1.3 ms, flip angle 8 degrees). The results demonstrate artifact-free reconstructions from only 65-85 spokes, with 256 oversampled data points. Acquisition times of 130-170 ms resulted in 29-38 frames per second for sliding window reconstructions (factor 5). While offline reconstructions required 1-2 sec, real-time applications with modified parameters and slightly lower image quality were achieved within 90 ms per graphical processing unit.
Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus Poorly Replicates in Primary Human T Lymphocytes (2009)

The Food and Drug Administration/Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research has defined that for retroviral gene therapy, the vector-producing cell, the vector preparation, and the ex vivo gene-transduced cells have to be tested for absence of replication-competent retrovirus (RCR) if the transduced cells are cultured for >4 days. We assessed the sensitivity of the "extended PG4(S+L-) assay" to detect gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) RCR, and applied this assay to measure GALV RCR spread in retrovirally transduced T cells. To this end, T cells were expanded for 12 days after transduction with a GALV-envelope pseudotyped retroviral vector expressing single chain variable fragment (anticarbonic anhydrase IX) in presence or absence of GALV RCR. Results showed that: (1) the "extended PG4(S+L-) assay" detects 1 focus-forming unit (ffu) GALV RCR and thus is applicable and sufficiently sensitive to screen human T-cell cultures for absence of infectious GALV RCR; (2) although GALV RCR infect human T cells, it very poorly replicate in T cells; (3) GALV RCR, when present at low levels immediately upon gene transduction (ie, 100 ffu/20x10 T cells in 100 mL), did not spread during a 12-day T-cell culture at clinical scale. Our observation that GALV RCR poorly spreads in primary human T-cell cultures questions the relevance of testing T-cell transductants for RCR on top of testing the vector-producing cells and the clinical vector batch for RCR and warrants evaluation of the current policy for safety testing of ex vivo retrovirally transduced T lymphocytes for GALV RCR.