gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Going both ways: Immune regulation via CD1d-dependent NKT cells (2004)

NKT cells are a unique T lymphocyte sublineage that has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses associated with a broad range of diseases, including autoimmunity, infectious diseases, and cancer. In stark contrast to both conventional T lymphocytes and other types of Tregs, NKT cells are reactive to the nonclassical class I antigen-presenting molecule CD1d, and they recognize glycolipid antigens rather than peptides. Moreover, they can either up- or downregulate immune responses by promoting the secretion of Th1, Th2, or immune regulatory cytokines. This review will explore the diverse influences of these cells in various disease models, their ability to suppress or enhance immunity, and the potential for manipulating these cells as a novel form of immunotherapy.
Integrated Nonlinear Regression Analysis of Multiprobe Wireline Formation Tester Packer and Probe Pressures and Flow Rate Measurements (1999)

Abstract In this paper, we present a new computationally efficient optimization scheme (in the least-squares minimization framework) that allows simultaneous nonlinear parameter and flow rate estimation from multiprobe wireline formation tester packer and probe(s) pressure data. Our optimization scheme is based on a simultaneous iteration of all of the unknown parameters (formation parameters and flow rate steps) and is quite general in that it can also be applied to all transient tests. Parameter optimization is achieved using the public domain Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm with the restricted step, LMDER, from Argonne National Laboratory. Two examples (one synthetic and one actual field data) are considered to demonstrate the applications of the scheme. The first example pertains to a normal buildup test in single layer system where the flow rate data are not available, whereas the second example pertains to real multiprobe wireline formation tester packer and probe data in a three-layer crossflow system.
Determination of thermal conductivity of magnesium-alloys (2001)

An indirect method, Angstroms method was adopted and an instrument was designed to determine the thermal conductivity of magnesium metal and alloys. Angstroms method is an axial periodic heat flow technique by which the thermal diffusivity can be measured directly. Then thermal conductivity can be obtained with relation to thermal diffusivity. Compared with the recommended data from the literature the fitted values of the thermal diffiusivity correspond with 3%, and the credible probability of the thermal conductivity in the range of 0-450 ℃ is about 95%. The method is applicable in the given temperature range.
Stable solar power source for portable electrical devices. [1. 5 v, 40 mA output] (1978)

The stable solar power source consists of solar cells for converting sunlight into electrical energy and a large capacitor for providing a current reserve to satisfy peak current demands and offset the effects of sunlight variations. The solar cells are mounted beneath a light transmitting thermal shield to minimize thermal induced cell output variations.
Mismatch Repair Co-opted by Hypermutation (1998)

Mice homozygous for a disrupted allele of the mismatch repair gene Pms2 have a mutator phenotype. When this allele is crossed into quasi-monoclonal (QM) mice, which have a very limited B cell repertoire, homozygotes have fewer somatic mutations at the immunoglobulin heavy chain and lambda chain loci than do heterozygotes or wild-type QM mice. That is, mismatch repair seems to contribute to somatic hypermutation rather than stifling it. It is suggested that at immunoglobulin loci in hypermutable B cells, mismatched base pairs are "corrected" according to the newly synthesized DNA strand, thereby fixing incipient mutations instead of eliminating them.
Unravelling Li-Ion Transport from Picoseconds to Seconds: Bulk versus Interfaces in an Argyrodite Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl–Li<sub>2</sub>S All-Solid-State Li-Ion Battery (2016)

One of the main challenges of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries is the restricted power density due to the poor Li-ion transport between the electrodes via the electrolyte. However, to establish what diffusional process is the bottleneck for Li-ion transport requires the ability to distinguish the various processes. The present work investigates the Li-ion diffusion in argyrodite Li6PS5Cl, a promising electrolyte based on its high Li-ion conductivity, using a combination of (7)Li NMR experiments and DFT based molecular dynamics simulations. This allows us to distinguish the local Li-ion mobility from the long-range Li-ion motional process, quantifying both and giving a coherent and consistent picture of the bulk diffusion in Li6PS5Cl. NMR exchange experiments are used to unambiguously characterize Li-ion transport over the solid electrolyte-electrode interface for the electrolyte-electrode combination Li6PS5Cl-Li2S, giving unprecedented and direct quantitative insight into the impact of the interface on Li-ion charge transport in all-solid-state batteries. The limited Li-ion transport over the Li6PS5Cl-Li2S interface, orders of magnitude smaller compared with that in the bulk Li6PS5Cl, appears to be the bottleneck for the performance of the Li6PS5Cl-Li2S battery, quantifying one of the major challenges toward improved performance of all-solid-state batteries.
Formononetin promotes angiogenesis through the estrogen receptor alpha-enhanced ROCK pathway (2015)

Formononetin is an isoflavone that has been shown to display estrogenic properties and induce angiogenesis activities. However, the interrelationship between the estrogenic properties and angiogenesis activities of formononetin are not well defined. In the present study, docking and enzymatic assay demonstrated that formononetin displayed direct binding to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) with an agonistic property. Results from Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) by using real-time migration xCELLigence system, immunofluorescence and western blotting provided strong evidences of formononetin induced endothelial cell migration and dramatic actin cytoskeleton spatial modification through ERα-enhanced-ROCK-II/MMP2/9 signaling pathways. In addition, results from co-immunoprecipitation suggested formononetin induced cell migration via recruiting of ERα/ROCK-II activated complex formation. More interestingly, in zebrafish embryo we observed that formononetin significantly promoted angiogenic sproutings in the subintestinal vessels (SIVs) that could be completely abolished by ROCK inhibitor. In this study, we elucidated the underlying mechanisms that formononetin produced proangiogenesis effects through an ERα-enhanced ROCK-II signaling pathways. Results from the present study also expand our knowledge about the enigmatic underlying mechanisms of phytoestrogenic compounds in the promotion of angiogenesis in relation to ERα and ROCK interaction in endothelial cells and their relationship with actin assembly and cell migration.
A new fingertip detection and tracking algorithm and its application on writing-in-the-air system (2014)

Writing-in-the-air (WIA) system provides a novel input experience using the fingertip as a virtual pen based on the color and depth information from only one Kinect camera. We present a new fingertip detection and tracking framework for the robust and realtime fingertip position estimation and further improve the air-writing character recognition accuracy. Firstly, we propose a new physical constraint and an adaptive threshold with the mode temporal consistency in order to classify various hand poses into two modes, i.e., the side-mode and frontal-mode. In the side-mode, a new choose-to-trust algorithm (CTTA) is proposed for the hand segmentation. The final segmentation result is generated by selecting a more trustable color or depth model-based segmentation result according to the fingertip-palm relationship. In the frontal-mode, we propose to estimate the fingertip position by a joint detection-tracking algorithm that successfully incorporates the temporal and physical constraints. By using three new features defined by the joint detection-tracking algorithm, the fingertip position is determined by a multi-objective optimization strategy. We have collected two large fingertip writing data set with different difficulties. According to our experiments in both data sets, our proposed framework has the best accuracy on the fingertip position estimation by comparing with four popular methods. More importantly, the final character recognition rate increases significantly and reaches 100% in the first five candidates for all types of characters.
Synergistic Interaction Between Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes and Membrane Affecting Compounds (1996)

A number of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) and cell membrane affecting compounds (MACs) that alter cell membrane structure or permeability have been assayed in vitro against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. Osmotin, gramicidin, valinomycin, phospholipase B, trichorzianine A1, trichorzianine B1, gliotoxin, flusilazole, and miconazole were tested in combination with three endochitinases, four exochitinases, and one glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase from fungi, bacteria, or plants. Every combination of MAC + CWDE showed a high level of inhibition against Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum and the interaction between the two kinds of compounds was of a synergistic nature. Different levels of synergism were obtained among the compound combinations depending upon the antifungal activity of the enzyme. When the enzyme treatment was applied subsequent to the MAC, the level of synergism was lower, indicating that degradation of the cell wall is needed to establish the synergistic interaction. The synergism with MACs was also present when the fungal cell wall was altered in a non-enzymatic manner by including L-sorbose in the growth media. The sensitivity of bacterial strains to the two trichorzianines depended upon the nature of their cell wall and could be synergistically enhanced by partial digestion of the wall. Some of the combinations showed a high level of synergism, suggesting that the interaction between MACs and CWDEs could be involved in biocontrol processes and plant self-defense mechanisms.
Il Tesaur. (Udine.) a. V, n. 4-6, luglio-dicembre, 1953. (1956)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Web mining for Web image retrieval (2001)

Abstract The popularity of digital images is rapidly increasing due to improving digital imaging technologies and convenient availability facilitated by the Internet. However, how to find user‐intended images from the Internet is nontrivial. The main reason is that the Web images are usually not annotated using semantic descriptors. In this article, we present an effective approach to and a prototype system for image retrieval from the Internet using Web mining. The system can also serve as a Web image search engine. One of the key ideas in the approach is to extract the text information on the Web pages to semantically describe the images. The text description is then combined with other low‐level image features in the image similarity assessment. Another main contribution of this work is that we apply data mining on the log of users' feedback to improve image retrieval performance in three aspects. First, the accuracy of the document space model of image representation obtained from the Web pages is improved by removing clutter and irrelevant text information. Second, to construct the user space model of users' representation of images, which is then combined with the document space model to eliminate mismatch between the page author's expression and the user's understanding and expectation. Third, to discover the relationship between low‐level and high‐level features, which is extremely useful for assigning the low‐level features' weights in similarity assessment.
Characteristics of lipid micro- and nanoparticles based on supercritical formation for potential pharmaceutical application (2013)

The interest of the pharmaceutical industry in lipid drug delivery systems due to their prolonged release profile, biocompatibility, reduction of side effects, and so on is already known. However, conventional methods of preparation of these structures for their use and production in the pharmaceutical industry are difficult since these methods are usually multi-step and involve high amount of organic solvent. Furthermore, some processes need extreme conditions, which can lead to an increase of heterogeneity of particle size and degradation of the drug. An alternative for drug delivery system production is the utilization of supercritical fluid technique. Lipid particles produced by supercritical fluid have shown different physicochemical properties in comparison to lipid particles produced by classical methods. Such particles have shown more physical stability and narrower size distribution. So, in this paper, a critical overview of supercritical fluid-based processes for the production of lipid micro- and nanoparticles is given and the most important characteristics of each process are highlighted.
Image compression using learned dictionaries by RLS-DLA and compared with K-SVD (2011)

The recently presented recursive least squares dictionary learning algorithm (RLS-DLA) is tested in a general image compression application. Dictionaries are learned in the pixel domain and in the 9/7 wavelet domain, and then tested in a straightforward compression scheme. Results are compared with state-of-the-art compression methods. The proposed compression scheme using RLS DLA learned dictionaries in the 9/7 wavelet domain per forms better than using dictionaries learned by other methods. The compression rate is just below the JPEG 2000 rate which is promising considering the simple entropy coding used.
State and Ideology (1987)

Khrushchev's contribution to the development of the Soviet state, ideology and the political system generally is significant not only for his bold denunciation of Stalin and his attempts to induce the system's evolution away from the rigidities of orthodoxy that had prevailed for the previous quarter of a century or more. He had views about the broad direction in which he wished to see the system and society develop, and, although his successors denigrated his personal style and reversed some of his ill-advised institutional restructurings, some of his innovations have had a lasting impact. Indeed, his contribution to the development of both the theory and the practice of the Soviet state, together with associated institutions including the Party, has proved more enduring than might have been assumed in the first decade after his removal from office: it was a surprise to many observers that the 'Brezhnev' constitution of 1977 revived the Khrushchev concept of the all-people's state (or state of the whole people: vsenarodnoe gosudarstvo), and identified it as a characteristic feature of the phase of 'developed socialism' (see Hill, 1984).KeywordsState AdministrationParty CommitteeSoviet StateSoviet LeaderSoviet SocietyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Fatigue Lives on 60Sn/40Pb Solder Joints Made With Different Cooling Rates (1992)

This paper reports the results of a study on the effect of the cooling rate during solidification on the isothermal shear-fatigue life of 60Sn/40Pb solder joints. Solder joints are made with three different initial microstructures by quenching, air-cooling, and furnace-cooling. The test results show that the quench-solidified solder joints have isothermal fatigue lives of about twice long as those of the furnace cooled solder joints tested at 20°C and 65°C with the straining rates of about 10−4 per s. These results are ascribed to the refined grain size and less lamellar phase morphology that results on increasing the cooling rate.
Antagonism of Bradykinin B2 Receptor Prevents Inflammatory Responses in Human Endothelial Cells by Quenching the NF-kB Pathway Activation (2014)

This work illustrates the role of the endothelium in the inflammation provoked by the BK/NF-κB axis. It also demonstates that B2R blockade by the antaogonist fasibitant, abolishes both the initial stimulus and its amplification, strongly attenuating the propagation of inflammation.
[Diagnosis and management guideline for multiple myeloma]. (2007)

The prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma has been improved in the last decade due to the induction of autologous stem cell transplantation and novel drugs including thalidomide, lenalidomide, and bortezomib into the treatment. Recently, the UK Myeloma Forum and International Myeloma Foundation have successively proposed myeloma management guidelines. Because many novel drugs are not available in Japanese patients, we can not use the same treatment strategy in U.S.A. and Europe. In this chapter, the diagnosis and management guideline is proposed for Japanese patients with myeloma. For convenience, the recommendations are divided into: 1. Diagnostic criteria 2. Indications for starting therapy 3. Treatment(initial therapy, maintenance therapy, and therapy for refractory/relapsed patients) 4. Response criteria 5. Supportive care and management of specific complications.
Aromatic copolyimide membranes for high temperature gas separations: H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>, and O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> (1990)

Abstract A series of high‐molecular weight condensation polyimides prepared from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) or 3,3,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) with 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) and/or 1,5‐diaminonaphthalene (NA), and a series of high‐molecular weight condensation poly(amide–imides) prepared from trimellitic anhydride acid chloride (TMAC) with ODA and/or NA were evaluated to determine, in the temperature region 50–250°C, the effect of polymer molecular structure on the permeability and ideal permselectivity of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and methane. Replacement of ODA with NA generally decreases the permeability of each gas but it increases the permselectivity, which is explained by suppression of both the packing disruption effect and intrasegmental mobility of the amine segments. In general, the overall lower permeation values for the TMAC series of polyimides are much lower than the BTDA‐derived series, being the highest for the PMDA‐derived series. Permeation data were used to calculate the performance of a hollow fiber module on an industrial scale. It is shown that hydrogen can be efficiently recovered (> 90%) with a purity of at least 95% from ammonia synthesis off‐gas with a feed concentration of 61 mol % of hydrogen.
Assembly of Phenylacetylene-Bridged Gold Nanocluster Dimers and Trimers (1999)

2- and 3-Dimensional crystalline arrangements of metal nanoparticles are of interest because of their unique optical and electronic behavior. Discrete assemblies of nanoclusters (e.g. dimers, trimers) studied in this paper allow the effects of local symmetry on collective particle properties to be studied. The distance and the medium between clusters is known to influence the optical absorption and electron transport. The use of phenylacetylene oligomers as ‘molecular wire’ linkers between the nanoparticles is demonstrated to allow well-defined, rigid arrays with a variety of geometries to be produced.
Microwave intermodulation in thin film high-Tc superconducting microstrip hairpin resonators: Experiment and theory (1997)

We present experimental results for microwave intermodulation in a series of superconducting hairpin resonators. We find that geometry plays a dominant role in determining both the losses and intermodulation in these resonators. The experimental data can be reproduced using recent theoretical calculations with a single parameter, JIMD (77 K). We compare the response of the fundamental and the first harmonic modes of these resonators to find that the use of the first harmonic mode gives less intermodulation, but we also find higher losses due to the more extended fields of this mode.
Uptake of particulate vaccine adjuvants by dendritic cells activates the NALP3 inflammasome (2009)

Many currently used and candidate vaccine adjuvants are particulate in nature, but their mechanism of action is not well understood. Here, we show that particulate adjuvants, including biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) and polystyrene microparticles, dramatically enhance secretion of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) by dendritic cells (DCs). The ability of particulates to promote IL-1beta secretion and caspase 1 activation required particle uptake by DCs and NALP3. Uptake of microparticles induced lysosomal damage, whereas particle-mediated enhancement of IL-1beta secretion required phagosomal acidification and the lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin B, suggesting a role for lysosomal damage in inflammasome activation. Although the presence of a Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist was required to induce IL-1beta production in vitro, injection of the adjuvants in the absence of TLR agonists induced IL-1beta production at the injection site, indicating that endogenous factors can synergize with particulates to promote inflammasome activation. The enhancement of antigen-specific antibody production by PLG microparticles was independent of NALP3. However, the ability of PLG microparticles to promote antigen-specific IL-6 production by T cells and the recruitment and activation of a population of CD11b(+)Gr1(-) cells required NALP3. Our data demonstrate that uptake of microparticulate adjuvants by DCs activates the NALP3 inflammasome, and this contributes to their enhancing effects on innate and antigen-specific cellular immunity.