gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
100 ps frequency switching without bit loss for a 10 Gb/s ASK modulated signal (1993)

100-ps distributed feedback (DFB) laser frequency-switching without bit loss is demonstrated for ASK-modulated signal data rates of 2.5 and 10 Gb/s over the dynamic tuning ranges of 80 and 20 GHz, respectively. The number of allowable destinations as a function of bit rates suggests that a cross-connect switch based on frequency-division-multiplexed technologies can handle ten channels, each 10 Gb/s, if a DFB transmitter with a dynamic tuning-range of about 200 GHz is employed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Similarity Network Based Behavior Anomaly Detection Model for Computer Systems (2014)

As modern computer systems become increasingly complex in infrastructure and usage, the demand for capabilities of detecting anomalous behavior has grown urgent. Although techniques for point anomaly detection have been proposed and adopted in practice, behavior anomaly detection still lacks effective approaches due to its inherent complexities. We present a new anomalous behavior detection model based on similarity network. Instead of learning behaviors according to frequencies of occurrences as current approaches do, our model exploits the similarity relationship between emerging behavior patterns. Specifically, a Markov model rank algorithm is performed on the similarity network to discover behavior anomalies. Our model is able to distinguish normal behavior patterns and anomalous ones in changing environments without training phase. We implemented this model and conducted extensive experiments on a range of data sets. Results show that our model can detect behavior anomalies in computer systems with high accuracy.
Diarrhea and Enteric Emerging Viruses in HIV-Infected Patients (1999)

To evaluate the prevalence of enteric viruses and their possible association with diarrhea, 244 stool samples were collected from HIV-infected and uninfected patients with or without diarrhea (subgroups I-a, Ib, II-a, and II-b, respectively). Subjects were screened by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, latex agglutination, and enzyme immunoassays for rotaviruses, adenoviruses, picobirnaviruses, and astroviruses. Enteric viruses were found significantly more often in specimens from HIV patients (20%) than in specimens from uninfected HIV patients (0%) (p < 0.05). Picobirnavirus was detected in 14.63% of 82 HIV-infected patients with diarrhea, but it was detected neither in those without diarrhea (0%) (p < 0.05) nor in the groups of uninfected HIV subjects (0%) (p < 0.05). Nor could astrovirus (subgroups I-a [4.00%] versus subgroup I-b [5.26%],p > 0.05) or enteric adenovirus (subgroup I-a [1.22%] versus subgroup I-b [0%], p > 0.05) be linked to the diarrhea disorder in HIV-infected patients. Rotaviruses were not detected in any of the clinical subgroups studied. Enteric viruses were detected in 15 of 93 (16.13%) of the HIV-infected patients with CD4+ T cell count <200/microl and 3 of 19 (15.79%) of those HIV-infected individuals with a CD4+ T cell count 200-499/microl, showing no significant difference (p > 0.05). According to our data, unusual enteric viruses such as picobirnavirus, astrovirus, and enteric adenovirus occur in HIV-infected population in Córdoba, Argentina. However, only picobirnaviruses could be significantly associated with diarrhea in these patients.
Letter (2005)

Regarding the column on ethics and clinical oncologists: Since I've now seen the same problem from my experiences with lipid-lowering drugs, I think there is one way to separate what is ethical from what is not. Personally I see no reason a clinical investigator should refuse funding from a pharma (or imaging) company to perform a clinical trial and present the results at a meeting like ASCO. The ethical problem develops when that investigator speaks about his research on behalf of the sponsoring company and receives honoraria for that speaking. My personal experiences indicate that investigators as speakers almost uniformly ignore other research data that conflicts with their own data. That's unethical. The solution is for clinical investigators to limit the presentation of the data generated by work done for the funding company to scientific meetings like ASCO and to refuse honoraria for speaking engagements on behalf of the company related to the investigator's results. Few of those involved will be happy but that's the only ethical way from my viewpoint. Also, when members of the Ethics Committee of ASCO have the chance, they should look into the criteria for what constitutes an “unrestricted grant from…,” which is used for almost all pharma meetings, even when they're clearly for marketing purposes. So far I've seen few that are truly “unrestricted” by the funding company. There's no reason such grants shouldn't be given, but I've never seen any criteria for “unrestricted.” Dan Lane, MD, PhD San Antonio, TX
Thyrotropin Receptor Purification (1990)

Thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH) derived from the anterior pituitary gland exerts its action by binding to specific receptors on thyroid follicular cells (Moore and Wolff, 1974; Kotani et al., 1975; Amir et al., 1976; Rees Smith et al., 1977; Pekonen and Weintraub, 1979). Binding initiates a sequence of processes (including stimulation of adenylate cyclase, production of cyclic AMP and activation of protein kinases, stimulation of phospholipid turnover and mobilization of intracellular calcium) that are presumed to mediate the bioeffects of TSH, i.e., iodothyronine hormone synthesis and release and thyroid growth (for review, see Field, 1986).
Reactions of perhydro-2,2'-bipyrimidines with carbonyl compounds bearing .alpha.-carbonyl functionality (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of perhydro-2,2'-bipyrimidines with carbonyl compounds bearing .alpha.-carbonyl functionalityDonald C. Craig, Alan Doughty, Michael Kassiou, Malcolm G. MacIntosh, and Roger W. ReadCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 21, 5753–5758Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00073a039Request reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (746 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Representing programs in multiparadigm software development environments (2003)

A canonical program representation, semantic program graphs (SPGs), is described, and it is shown how SPGs can act as the foundation for multiparadigm software development environments. Using SPGs as the basis for program representation allows developers to see different views of programs that correspond to different ways of thinking about them, and it allows editors to be created so that the underlying program can be edited using any of the paradigms. As the sole program representation, SPGs also facilitate communication between paradigms: changes made in one view can be immediately reflected in all other views.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Shot Durations, Shot Classes, and the Increased Pace of Popular Movies (2015)

This article investigates historical trends of mean shot durations in 9,400 English-language and 1,550 non-English-language movies released between 1912 and 2013. For the sound-era movies of both sets there is little evidence indicating anything other than a linear decline plotted on a logarithmic scale, with the English-language set providing stronger results. In a subsample of 24 English-language movies from 1940 to 2010 the decline in shot duration is uniform across 15 shot classes, a result that supports a broad “evolutionary” account of film change. The article also explores the proportions of these shot classes across years and genres, with the results showing that 25 percent of the decline in shot duration is due to a shift away from shot classes with longer-than-average shot durations towards those with shorter-than-average durations, and 8 percent of the decline is due to the increased use of shot scales in which characters appear larger.
Inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication by succinyl concanavalin A (1982)

Incubation of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells with succinyl-concanavalin A, a derivative of the jack bean lectin concanavalin A, resulted in the decreased production of virus. The mode of inhibition by the lectin was unclear. No effect was apparent on the level of viral DNA synthesis. However, incubation of infected cells with increasing concentrations of the lectin appeared to result in a decrease in the quantity of viral protein produced within the cell. A reduction in the virus titer of 57 to 64% was observed upon direct incubation of extracellular virus in the presence of 50 to 100 micrograms of succinyl-concanavalin A per ml.
The transient outward current in mice lacking the potassium channel gene <i>Kv1.4</i> (1998)

1. The transient outward current (Ito) plays a prominent role in the repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential. Several K+ channel genes, including Kv1.4, are expressed in the heart, produce rapidly inactivating currents when heterologously expressed, and may be the molecular basis of Ito. 2. We engineered mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of the K+ channel gene Kv1.4 and compared Ito in wild-type (Kv1.4+/+), heterozygous (Kv1.4+/-) and homozygous 'knockout' (Kv1.4-/-) mice. Kv1.4 RNA was truncated in Kv1.4-/- mice and protein expression was absent. 3. Adult myocytes isolated from Kv1.4+/+, Kv1.4+/- and Kv1.4-/- mice had large rapidly inactivating outward currents. The peak current densities at 60 mV (normalized by cellular capacitance, in pA pF-1; means +/- s.e.m.) were 53.8 +/- 5. 3, 45.3 +/- 2.2 and 44.4 +/- 2.8 in cells from Kv1.4+/+, Kv1.4+/- and Kv1.4-/- mice, respectively (P < 0.02 for Kv1.4+/+ vs. Kv1.4-/-). The steady-state values (800 ms after the voltage clamp step) were 30.9 +/- 2.9, 26.9 +/- 3.8 and 23.5 +/- 2.2, respectively (P < 0.02 for Kv1.4+/+ vs. Kv1.4-/-). The inactivating portion of the current was unchanged in the targeted mice. 4. The voltage dependence and time course of inactivation were not changed by targeted disruption of Kv1.4. The mean best-fitting V (membrane potential at 50 % inactivation) values for myocytes from Kv1.4 +/+, Kv1.4+/- and Kv1. 4-/- mice were -53.5 +/- 3.7, -51.1 +/- 2.6 and -54.2 +/- 2.4 mV, respectively. The slope factors (k) were -10.1 +/- 1.4, -8.8 +/- 1.4 and -9.5 +/- 1.2 mV, respectively. The fast time constants for development of inactivation at -30 mV were 27.8 +/- 2.2, 26.2 +/- 5. 1 and 19.6 +/- 2.1 ms in Kv1.4+/+, Kv1.4+/- and Kv1.4-/- myocytes, respectively. At +30 mV, they were 35.5 +/- 2.6, 30.0 +/- 2.1 and 28. 7 +/- 1.6 ms, respectively. The time constants for the rapid phase of recovery from inactivation at -80 mV were 32.5 +/- 8.2, 23.3 +/- 1.8 and 39.0 +/- 3.7 ms, respectively. 5. Nearly the entire inactivating component as well as more than 60 % of the steady-state outward current was eliminated by 1 mM 4-aminopyridine in Kv1.4+/+, Kv1.4+/- and Kv1.4-/- myocytes. 6. Western blot analysis of heart membrane extracts showed no significant upregulation of the Kv4 subfamily of channels in the targeted mice. 7. Thus, Kv1.4 is not the molecular basis of Ito in adult murine ventricular myocytes.
Proliferative Colitis in Ferrets: Epithelial Dysplasia and Translocation (1989)

4 Harmon BG, Adams LG, Frey M: Survival of rough and smooth strains of Brucella abortus in bovine mammary gland macrophages. Am J Vet Res 49:1092-1097, 1988 5 Karlsbad G, Kessel RWI, dePetris S, Monaco L: Electron microscopic observations of Brucella abortus grown within monocytes in vitro. J Gen Microbiol35:383-390, 1964 6 Meador VP, Tabatabai LB, Hagemoser WA, Deyoe BL: Identification of Brucella abortus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of cows, goats, and mice with an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunoenzymatic technique. Am J Vet Res 47:2147-2150, 1986 7 Payne JM: The pathogenesis of experimental brucellosis in the pregnant cow. J Pathol78:447-463, 1959 8 Smith T: A characteristic localization of Bacillus abortus in the bovine fetal membranes. J Exp Med 29:45 1-455, 1919
A new iterative structure for hardware division: the parallel paths algorithm (2004)

We present a new approach to hardware division - the parallel paths algorithm. In this approach, prescaling allows the division recurrence to be implemented by three processes which can be calculated in parallel during iterations. While two of the processes must complete in a single iteration, the third - which includes the most expensive division operations - can be calculated over multiple iterations. Iteration latency is determined by the slowest of the three paths, and in many cases can be limited to that of carry-save addition and latching. A radix-4 implementation of the algorithm is shown to achieve better performance than other commonly used methods while requiring a modest increase in area.
Mass and size distribution of firebrands generated from burning Korean pine (<i>Pinus koraiensis</i>) trees (2008)

Abstract The present study reports on a series of real‐scale fire experiments that were performed to determine the mass and size distribution of firebrands generated from Korean Pine ( Pinus koraiensis ), a common conifer species indigenous to China, Japan, and Korea. The experiments were performed at the Building Research Institute in Tsukuba, Japan. The total tree height was fixed at 4.0 m and tree moisture content was varied to examine the influence that this parameter has on the mass and size distribution of the firebrands that are produced, under ambient wind conditions. The firebrands were collected using an array of pans. The pans used for firebrand collection were filled with water. This ensured that firebrands would be quenched as soon as they made contact with the pans. The firebrands were subsequently dried and the mass and size of more than 500 firebrands were measured. The Korean pine trees were also mounted on load cells during burning to determine the temporally resolved mass loss profiles. The mass loss data were used to compare the total amount of mass collected as firebrands with the total amount of mass burned. Results of this study are presented and compared with the mass and size distribution of firebrands collected from burning Douglas‐fir trees, a conifer tree species indigenous to the U.S.A. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A graphical query language for object oriented databases (2002)

The authors discuss the main aspects of a graphical environment for querying object oriented databases, using the by-example approach. Its full integration in a browsing environment reduces the learning effort and gives the language high flexibility making it suitable for users with different skill. The query formulation is accomplished by interacting with query forms, where the user can access the properties of objects in order to define conditions on them. The language has been integrated in the user interface of the KIWIS system, and further enriched with advanced features developed using some facilities of KIWIS. In particular, the user can formulate queries incrementally, and interact uniformally with both default and tailored object representations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Surface wettability of thin liquid films using vertical ultrasonic vibration-assisted coating technology (2021)

Recently, film coatings have found various applications in the manufacture. Such coatings can confer corrosion resistance and affect wettability, imparting hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity. Especially, mechanical vibration can be used to impart surface coatings that control wettability. In this study, the numerical simulation model was first constructed using multi-physics commercial program. With the simulation model, the position of maximum velocity as functions of several vibration parameters was revealed. To explore surface wettability experimentally, the samples were fabricated with various viscosity. And while curing the samples, high-frequency vibrations were applied to the liquid films. Through the measurement of the fabricated samples, the relationship between surface roughness and wavelength were derived. Surface roughness was inversely proportional to a 1/4 order of the surface wavelength squared, and inversely proportional to the 5/24 order of the input frequency. And the surface wavelength was proportional to the 1/2 order of viscosity and inversely proportional to the 1/2 order of the frequency. The equations predicted the experimental data well. Finally, the first equation was derived governing wettability modification via vertical, ultrasonic vibration-assisted coating. The experimental results matched the derived equation (errors less than 5%).
A human killer inhibitory receptor specific for HLA-A1,2 (1996)

Killer inhibitory receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins, expressed on NK cells and a small subset of T cells, that inhibit cell-mediated cytotoxicity upon binding to polymorphic MHC class I determinants on target cells. Although human KIRs specific for HLA-C and HLA-B molecules have been characterized, none have been shown to interact with HLA-A. Here we demonstrate that a member of the KIR cDNA family, designated NKAT4, encodes a 70-kDa receptor specific for HLA-A3.
A Method to measure arbitrary <i>k</i>‐space trajectories for rapid MR imaging (1997)

A method to measure arbitrary k-space trajectories was developed to compensate for nonideal gradient performance during rapid magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with actively or nonactively shielded gradients at a magnetic field strength of 4.1 T. Accurate MR image reconstruction requires knowledge of the k-trajectory produced by the gradient waveforms during k-space sampling. Even with shielded gradients, residual eddy currents and imperfections in gradient amplifier performance can cause the true k-space trajectory to deviate from the ideal trajectory. The k-space determination was used for spiral gradient-echo imaging fo the human brain. While individual calibrations are needed for new pulse sequences, the method of k-space determination can be used for any sequence of preparation pulses and readout gradient waveforms and should prove useful for other trajectories, including the rastered lines of echo-planar imaging.
A Study on the Manufacture of Aluminum Tie-Rod End by Casting/Forging Process (2002)

Aluminum casting/forging process is used to produce an aluminum tie-rod end for the steering system of automobiles. Firstly, casting experiments were carried out to get a good preform for forging the tie-rod end. In the casting experiment, the effects of additives, Ti+B, Zr, Sr, and Mg, on the mechanical properties and the microstructure of a cast preform were investigated. And a finite element analysis was performed to determine an optimal configuration of the cast preform. Lastly, a forging experiment was carried out to make the final product of aluminum tie-rod end by using the above cast preform. In the casting experiments, when 0.2% Ti+B and 0.25% Zr were simultaneously added into molten Al-Si alloy, the highest values of tensile strength and elongation of the cast preform were obtained. When 0.04% Sr were added into the molten aluminum alloy, the finest silicon-structure was observed in the cast preform. The highest hardness was obtained when 0.2% Mg was added. In the forging experiment, It was confirmed that the optimal configuration of a cast preform predicted by FE analysis was very useful. The hardness of a cast/forged product using designed preform was superior to that of required specification.
Anthropogenic humboldtine from Cornwall, England (2004)

A pyrite specimen from Wheal Jane, Cornwall on which a crust of the rare iron oxalate mineral humboldtine had crystallised was recently identified in the Manchester Museum mineral collection. Careful examination indicates that the humboldtine is of anthropogenic origin and so it is not a natural mineral. It seems likely that it was produced during an attempt to clean the specimen in oxalic acid. Cleaning processes can modify mineral assemblages and it is worthwhile making a careful study of specimens to determine whether all of the minerals present are natural. Unusual mineralogical combinations such as the organic oxalate mineral humboldtine in a high temperature hydrothermal mineral vein should be treated with caution. There is no credible geological source for the oxalate anion in this system. The absence of such a source casts doubt on the only other British report of humboldtine from Pendarves Mine, Cornwall.
Accelerated Laser Resurfacing Wound Healing Using a Triad of Topical Antioxidants (1998)

TTA compound enhances and hastens wound healing. White petrolatum as a base occlusive vehicle shortens reepithelialization compared with "melting" petrolatum.
Crystallization Kinetics of Binary Mixtures of Polyoxymethylene and Novolak Resin. (1991)

ポリオキシメチレン (POM) /ノボラック樹脂混合系におけるPOMの球晶成長速度の温度, 組成依存性を調べた. Hoffman-Lauritzen理論に基づいて解析した結果, POM-rich系 (POM含量>80 wt%) では, 過冷却度の低下に伴い結晶成長機構がRegimeIIIからRegime IIへ転移すること, またノボラック樹脂を30 wt%以上添加した混合系では, Regime IIからRegime Iへ転移することを見いだした. また一定の結晶化温度での成長速度Gの組成依存性においては, ノボラック含量の増加とともにIII→II→IのRegime転移を伴いながらGが低下することがわかった.
The draft genome of the transgenic tropical fruit tree papaya (Carica papaya Linnaeus) (2008)

Papaya, a fruit crop cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, is known for its nutritional benefits and medicinal applications. Here we report a 3x draft genome sequence of 'SunUp' papaya, the first commercial virus-resistant transgenic fruit tree to be sequenced. The papaya genome is three times the size of the Arabidopsis genome, but contains fewer genes, including significantly fewer disease-resistance gene analogues. Comparison of the five sequenced genomes suggests a minimal angiosperm gene set of 13,311. A lack of recent genome duplication, atypical of other angiosperm genomes sequenced so far, may account for the smaller papaya gene number in most functional groups. Nonetheless, striking amplifications in gene number within particular functional groups suggest roles in the evolution of tree-like habit, deposition and remobilization of starch reserves, attraction of seed dispersal agents, and adaptation to tropical daylengths. Transgenesis at three locations is closely associated with chloroplast insertions into the nuclear genome, and with topoisomerase I recognition sites. Papaya offers numerous advantages as a system for fruit-tree functional genomics, and this draft genome sequence provides the foundation for revealing the basis of Carica's distinguishing morpho-physiological, medicinal and nutritional properties.