gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interobserver reliability when using the Van Herick method to measure anterior chamber depth (2017)

The Van Herick score has a good interobserver reliability for Grades 1 and 4; however, Grades 2 and 3 require further tests such as gonioscopy or ocular coherence tomography. Temporal and nasal scores demonstrated good agreement; therefore, if the nasal score cannot be measured due to nasal bridge size, the temporal can be used as an approximation.
Exploit Bounding Box Annotations for Multi-Label Object Recognition (2016)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great performance as general feature representations for object recognition applications. However, for multi-label images that contain multiple objects from different categories, scales and locations, global CNN features are not optimal. In this paper, we incorporate local information to enhance the feature discriminative power. In particular, we first extract object proposals from each image. With each image treated as a bag and object proposals extracted from it treated as instances, we transform the multi-label recognition problem into a multi-class multi-instance learning problem. Then, in addition to extracting the typical CNN feature representation from each proposal, we propose to make use of ground-truth bounding box annotations (strong labels) to add another level of local information by using nearest-neighbor relationships of local regions to form a multi-view pipeline. The proposed multi-view multiinstance framework utilizes both weak and strong labels effectively, and more importantly it has the generalization ability to even boost the performance of unseen categories by partial strong labels from other categories. Our framework is extensively compared with state-of-the-art handcrafted feature based methods and CNN based methods on two multi-label benchmark datasets. The experimental results validate the discriminative power and the generalization ability of the proposed framework. With strong labels, our framework is able to achieve state-of-the-art results in both datasets.
A calibration procedure for a hand eye system (1991)

In the next generation model based robot systems, absolute positioning accuracy of a robot is becoming more important to effectively utilize advanced offline teaching and online programming techniques. This paper describes a calibration procedure for a hand-eye system with a multijoint direct-drive manipulator and a 3-D visual sensor system. A new technique to find optimal calibration parameters of the manipulator by using a singular value decomposition of a Jacobian matrix is proposed. The 3-D visual sensor system consisting of a laser pointer and a TV camera is also calibrated by estimating unknown model's parameters based on Newton method. Calibration of a hand-eye system is accomplished by determining external parameters of the manipulator relative to the world coordinate frame of the 3-D visual sensor system. As the result of calibration experiments, average positioning error of the hand-eye system is about 0.72 mm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phosphorylation of human serum amyloid A protein by protein kinase C (1988)

Monokine-induced hepatic secretion of serum amyloid A protein (apo-SAA), an acute-phase reactant, is followed by rapid association with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. Plasma clearance of apo-SAA is more rapid than any of the other HDL apolipoproteins. It has been shown that, of the acute-phase HDL3 apolipoproteins, apo-SAA preferentially associates with neutrophil membranes. HDL apolipoproteins have been shown to activate protein kinase C in endothelial cells. We therefore investigated potential phosphorylation of HDL3 apolipoproteins by protein kinase C. Apo-SAA was the only apolipoprotein phosphorylated (Km = 12 mM). Phosphorylation of the apo-SAA-containing HDL3 particle was selective for the more basic isoforms of apo-SAA (pI 7.0, 7.4, 7.5 and 8.0), with more acidic isoforms being phosphorylated when delipidated acute-phase apolipoproteins were used as substrate. However, phosphorylation was not in itself responsible for the establishment of the apo-SAA isoforms.
Private and public spaces of hope in architecture and therapy (2012)

This paper is about the links between public and private space, the possibilities for creating more of these links and the impact that they can have on physical and mental health. A range of professional practice disciplines contribute to improving the health of populations. The paper focuses upon the role of architects who design the threshold between public and private space and art therapists who help people negotiate and cross these thresholds. It considers some of the ways architecture and art therapy might work together with other disciplines to help secure the basis for health. A large part of this paper’s conclusion is about the need in cities for actual space for the practice of art therapy. Architects might be interested in designing city art therapy studios and art therapists could help people with mental health problems use them as a symbolic threshold between the private and the public. Time spent using art therapy can help people with mental health issues realise and communicate their ability to act, and this can mean they are then in a better position to live their lives to the full and when there is a need engage with other services.
Comprehensive Survey of Radio Resource Allocation Schemes for 5G V2X Communications (2021)

In recent years, intelligent transportation systems, which provide safety and autonomous services on the road using the Internet and cellular technologies, have become increasingly important. Vehicles are equipped with sensors that can transmit data to other vehicles or infrastructure according to different types of services. In order to ensure robust connectivity for safety services, the transmission among vehicles requires low latency, high reliability, and high packet delivery ratio. With the increased number of vehicles, more frequency resources are needed to establish fast and reliable services. In the area of high vehicle density, the demand of frequency resources is increasing to establish stable connectivity in a short time. However, the amount of frequency resources is limited; the resource allocation scheme (RAS) should effectively assign a resource block to each user to ensure the quality of service. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of RASs for the 5G-based vehicular networks known as 5G V2X. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities for resource allocation in modern vehicular networks and present numerous promising future research directions.
Broadband programmable optical frequency filter (1998)

Programmable optical frequency filters with a lattice configuration composed of circuit units can provide a wide variety of filter characteristics. A circuit unit is composed of a tunable coupler and a thermo-optic phase shifter. We have already fabricated programmable optical frequency filters using planar lightwave circuits and have realized a variable group-delay equalizer. The filter frequency range of these programmable optical frequency filters, however, is limited to less than 1000 GHz because of the wavelength dependence of the tunable couplers and optical phase shifters. In this paper, we report the design of a novel tunable coupler with wavelength-independent amplitude and phase characteristics, and use it to propose a novel algorithm for synthesizing programmable optical frequency filters in order to broaden the filter frequency range. We show numerically that this novel filter can realize a broad filter frequency range of about 10,000 GHz, which is ten times that of our conventional programmable filters. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 81(10): 1–11, 1998
Synchronous adaptive filters with delayed coefficient adaption (2003)

The authors present exact descriptions of the behaviour of a class of adaptive filters with delayed coefficient adaption. This coefficient update delay is demonstrated to occur as a natural consequence of introducing compensation for nonminimum phase systems under the control of a least mean square based adaptive filter, as in the adaptive control of acoustic noise. A linear, time-invariant equivalent transfer function model of the adaptive system is developed, which can be used to study steady-state performance and the stability limits imposed by the coefficient update delay.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RISING ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE: Plants FACE the Future (2004)

Atmospheric CO(2) concentration ([CO(2)]) is now higher than it was at any time in the past 26 million years and is expected to nearly double during this century. Terrestrial plants with the C(3) photosynthetic pathway respond in the short term to increased [CO(2)] via increased net photosynthesis and decreased transpiration. In the longer term this increase is often offset by downregulation of photosynthetic capacity. But much of what is currently known about plant responses to elevated [CO(2)] comes from enclosure studies, where the responses of plants may be modified by size constraints and the limited life-cycle stages that are examined. Free-Air CO(2) Enrichment (FACE) was developed as a means to grow plants in the field at controlled elevation of CO(2) under fully open-air field conditions. The findings of FACE experiments are quantitatively summarized via meta-analytic statistics and compared to findings from chamber studies. Although trends agree with parallel summaries of enclosure studies, important quantitative differences emerge that have important implications both for predicting the future terrestrial biosphere and understanding how crops may need to be adapted to the changed and changing atmosphere.
Project-Based Learning in Teacher Education: Effect on Prospective Science Teachers’ Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs (2021)

Science teaching efficacy beliefs(STEBs) of prospective science teachers predict their success in their future science teaching. This research study was designed to examine the effect of the project-based learning approach (PjBL) on the STEBs of prospective science teachers. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control-group research design was used. The study was delimited to the prospective teachers at a public university in Lahore, Pakistan. Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument was adapted as a tool for data collection. The instrument was validated through the experts' opinions, and the reliability of the instrument was established through pilot testing. The experimental group was taught by the PjBL approach, whereas the traditional teaching approach was used to teach the control group. Independent samples t-test was used to compare the STEBs of prospective science teachers of both groups after intervention. Findings revealed that STEBs of prospective science teachers were enhanced by applying PjBL. It is suggested to incorporate the PjBL approach in the training of science teachers
Evaluation of Microbial, Botanical, and Organic Treatments for Control of Peanut Seedling Diseases (2010)

Diseases affecting stand establishment are a major obstacle to organic production of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Stand losses of 50% or more are possible with untreated seed. Biological, botanical, and organic seed treatments or soil amendments were tested for efficacy against pre- and postemergence damping-off of peanut in greenhouse, microplot, and field plot trials. Seed of the lines Perry, GP-NC 343, and Bailey (tested as N03081T) were used in all trials. Commercial formulations of Bacillus subtilis (Kodiak), B. pumilus (Yield Shield), Trichoderma harzianum (T-22 PB and Plantshield HC), Muscodor albus, and Coniothyrium minitans (Contans); activated charcoal; two separate soil amendments of dried herbage of Monarda didyma cultivars; a commercial fungicide control (Vitavax PC); and an untreated control were tested in natural soil in the greenhouse. Vitavax PC and Kodiak were the only treatments that resulted in higher percent emergence and survival than in untreated seed. A separate greenhouse experiment was conducted in natural soil or natural soil infested with field isolates of Aspergillus niger. Seed were treated with Kodiak, copper hydroxide (Champion), Plantshield HC, Kodiak + Plantshield HC, Streptomyces griseoviridis (Mycostop), hot water, Vitavax PC, or were left untreated. Seedling emergence and survival was much lower in infested versus uninfested soil. Seed treatment with Kodiak increased percent emergence and survival compared to untreated seed, but was not as effective as Vitavax PC. Field microplot studies in 2007 and 2008 at Clayton, NC, evaluated four seed treatments on the peanut lines following small grain cover crops, soil amendment with M. albus, or no cover. Cover crops did not affect emergence or interact with seed treatments. In field studies in 2007 and 2008 at Lewiston, NC, the peanut lines were planted with M. albus infurrow, with Kodiak or T. harzianum seed treatments, or were untreated. In the 2007 trial, none of the treatments improved stands compared to the untreated check. In 2008, the highest stand counts were produced by seed treated with Kodiak. In both years, Bailey produced the greatest stand counts. A. niger was strongly associated with postemergence damping-off in the field. Regardless of peanut line, in many trials, Kodiak seed treatment increased emergence and survival over untreated seed.
IL-7 enhancement of antigen-driven activation/expansion of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) (1995)

CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes are an important component in the immunologic control of human viral diseases. IL-7, a stromal cell-derived cytokine, has been demonstrated to enhance both anti-tumour and anti-viral CTL as well as lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity. We studied the ability of IL-7 to support the activation and the growth of in vitro antigen-specific CTL precursors (CTLp) present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-infected patients. Results from these studies demonstrate that inclusion of IL-7 in a vaccinia/HIV-1 vector-based stimulation strategy greatly augmented overall CTL reactivities, whereas addition of IL-7 to unstimulated cultures failed to induce any significant anti-viral cytolytic activity. In four of six patients, HIV-specific lytic activities were significantly higher in cultures stimulated with antigen plus IL-7 compared with in vitro stimulation (IVS) with antigen alone. Cytotoxic activity was principally mediated by CD8+ effector cells, and CD3+/CD8+ cell expansion was increased by 2.7-fold in the presence of IL-7. In PBMC from seronegative donors, IL-7 enhanced anti-vaccinia CTL activities with less effect on cell proliferation. Furthermore, anti-gag CTL frequencies determined by limiting dilution analysis were increased by 2- and 10-fold in two asymptomatic patients following IVS plus IL-7 compared with antigen stimulation alone. Cytofluorimetric analysis revealed that IL-7 preferentially expanded CD8 memory cells (CD45RO+) and CD8+ lymphocytes expressing activation molecules. IL-7 was also able to support the growth of CD4+ lymphocytes, while having no effect on natural killer (NK)/K lymphocytes. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-7 acts cooperatively with the antigen supporting in vitro maturation of CTLp into functional cytotoxic effectors. Thus IL-7 may be an important biologic entity to consider as part of future immune-based therapies in which ex vivo expansion of antigen-driven CTL is an important determinant.
Massive Epistaxis From a Thrombosed Intracavernous Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm 2 Years After the Initial Diagnosis -Case Report- (2010)

A 77-year-old woman presented with a rare case of nontraumatic intracavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm causing epistaxis. The thrombosed aneurysm was discovered incidentally, and was not treated. However, she suffered massive nasal bleeding 22 months after the initial diagnosis. The lesion was successfully treated by endovascular coil embolization. The present case shows that thrombosed intracavernous ICA aneurysm may still carry the risk of rupture. Radiological evidence of erosion of the sphenoid sinus wall and repeated minor bleeding may be important predicting signs for massive nasal bleeding. Parent artery occlusion including the aneurysm may be the best treatment for intracavernous ICA aneurysms if sufficient collateral blood flow to the territory of the affected ICA is expected.
A Low-Cost Improvised Nerve Stimulator is Equivalent to High-Cost Muscle Stimulator for Anorectal Malformation Surgery (2012)

The MS nerve stimulator demonstrated equivalent effectiveness compared with the PS2 muscle stimulator at 75-fold lower cost. The MS device may serve as a low-cost effective tool for PSARP.
High‐speed melt spinning of various grades of polylactides (2003)

Abstract Five kinds of polylactides (PLAs), with different D ‐lactide contents and tacticities, were subjected to high‐speed melt‐spinning experiments. In addition to stereochemical purity, the PLA types differed in molecular mass and molecular mass distribution. The properties of the different PLA materials were characterized by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, size exclusion chromatography, and 1 H‐NMR and 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy. The material was spun with a high‐speed spinning process within the range 2000–5000 m/min. The physical and tensile properties of the fibers were determined. The maximum tensile properties of the fibers were a 300 MPa tenacity at an elongation at break of 30% and a tensile modulus of 6.8 GPa. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 800–806, 2004
Outlier Removal in Model-Based Missing Value Imputation for Medical Datasets (2018)

Many real-world medical datasets contain some proportion of missing (attribute) values. In general, missing value imputation can be performed to solve this problem, which is to provide estimations for the missing values by a reasoning process based on the (complete) observed data. However, if the observed data contain some noisy information or outliers, the estimations of the missing values may not be reliable or may even be quite different from the real values. The aim of this paper is to examine whether a combination of instance selection from the observed data and missing value imputation offers better performance than performing missing value imputation alone. In particular, three instance selection algorithms, DROP3, GA, and IB3, and three imputation algorithms, KNNI, MLP, and SVM, are used in order to find out the best combination. The experimental results show that that performing instance selection can have a positive impact on missing value imputation over the numerical data type of medical datasets, and specific combinations of instance selection and imputation methods can improve the imputation results over the mixed data type of medical datasets. However, instance selection does not have a definitely positive impact on the imputation result for categorical medical datasets.
A Perspective on the Development of TGF-β Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment (2019)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a secreted multifunctional cytokine that signals via plasma membrane TGF-β type I and type II receptors and intercellular SMAD transcriptional effectors. Aberrant inter- and intracellular TGF-β signaling can contribute to cancer progression. In normal cells and early stages of cancer, TGF-β can stimulate epithelial growth arrest and elicit a tumor suppressor function. However, in late stages of cancer, when the cytostatic effects of TGF-β in cancer cells are blocked, TGF-β signaling can act as tumor promoter by its ability to stimulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells, by stimulating angiogenesis, and by promoting evasion of immune responses. In this review, we will discuss the rationale and challenges of targeting TGF-β signaling in cancer and summarize the clinical status of TGF-β signaling inhibitors that interfere with TGFβ bioavailability, TGF-βreceptor interaction, or TGF-β receptor kinase function. Moreover, we will discuss targeting of TGF-β signaling modulators and downstream effectors as well as alternative approaches by using promising technologies that may lead to entirely new classes of drugs.
Burden of illness in Parkinson's disease (2005)

This study quantifies direct medical care costs for individual patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and projects total national costs of PD. Anonymous, patient-level data on health care utilization and cost were obtained from Medstat's MarketScan Research Databases. Patients were selected for study if they had either two instances of a diagnosis of PD or one diagnosis and two or more prescriptions for PD-related medication. A control group of persons without PD was selected for comparison. Total annual health care utilization and costs were calculated for both PD patients and controls. A total of 20,016 patients with PD were identified and followed up for an average of 853 days. The mean age of the patients was 73.6 years, and 51.2% were women. Total annual direct costs were 23,101 US Dollars (SD 27,529) per patient with PD versus 11,247 US Dollars (SD 16,486) for controls. The regression-adjusted incremental direct cost of PD versus control was 10,349 US Dollars (95% confidence interval, 9,053, 11,645). Adding 25,326 US Dollars in indirect costs, and multiplying by 645,000 cases of PD in the United States, the total cost to the nation is projected to be 23 billion US Dollars annually. This estimate is higher than most previous studies, with important implications for health care delivery systems worldwide.
Improved optical sub-systems for intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence imaging (2005)

Near-infrared light propagation through living tissue provides promising opportunities for the development of non-invasive imaging techniques for human care. We have developed a Fluorescence-Assisted Resection and Exploration (FLARE) imaging system for surgery. The FLARE system uses invisible near-infrared light to help the surgeon visualize critical structures intraoperatively and in real-time. We present here the continued optimization of our imaging system from a research prototype to an efficient and ergonomic tool to be used during human surgery. New, hands-free operation enables the surgeon to zoom, focus, recall and save images through a footswitch. A LabVIEW curve-fitting algorithm, in combination with stepper motor control, provides auto-focus capability. Cardiac and/or respiratory gating minimizes motion artifacts of moving objects in the surgical field, and permits in-focus imaging during long fluorescence integration times. Automated subtraction of the near-infrared fluorescence signal from background reflections minimizes the effect of ambient illumination and improves the contrast to noise ratio with only moderate effects on intensity precision. Taken together, this study improves several optical components of the FLARE system, and helps ready it for human clinical testing.