gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-antigen–presenting cells expressing diabetes-associated autoantigens exist in both thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs (2001)

Recent reports indicate that genes with tissue-restricted expression, including those encoding the type 1 diabetes autoantigens insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and the tyrosine-phosphatase-like protein IA-2 (or ICA512), are transcribed in the thymus. The reported modulation of diabetes susceptibility by genetically determined differences in thymic insulin levels and studies in transgenic mice provide correlative and functional evidence that thymic expression of peripheral proteins is crucial for immunological self-tolerance. However, there are no specific data about the existence, tissue distribution, phenotype, and function of those cells that express insulin and other self-antigens in the human thymus. We find that the human thymus harbors specialized cells synthesizing (pro)insulin, GAD, and IA-2, mainly localized in the medulla, and we demonstrate such cells also in peripheral lymphoid organs (spleen and lymph nodes). Phenotypic analysis qualifies these cells as antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including both dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells often appear surrounded by apoptotic lymphocytes, both in thymus and spleen, and may therefore be involved in the deletion of autoreactive lymphocytes. Our findings demonstrate the existence of, and define the tissue distribution and phenotype of, a novel subset of APCs expressing self-antigens in human lymphoid organs that appear to be involved in the regulation of self-tolerance throughout life.
Cohesin-Dockerin Interactions of Cellulosomal Subunits of <i>Clostridium cellulovorans</i> (2001)

The cellulosome of Clostridium cellulovorans consists of three major subunits: CbpA, EngE, and ExgS. The C. cellulovorans scaffolding protein (CbpA) contains nine hydrophobic repeated domains (cohesins) for the binding of enzymatic subunits. Cohesin domains are quite homologous, but there are some questions regarding their binding specificity because some of the domains have regions of low-level sequence similarity. Two cohesins which exhibit 60% sequence similarity were investigated for their ability to bind cellulosomal enzymes. Cohesin 1 (Coh1) was found to contain amino acid residues corresponding to amino acids 312 to 453 of CbpA, which contains a total of 1,848 amino acid residues. Coh6 was determined to contain amino acid residues corresponding to residues 1113 to 1254 of CbpA. By genetic construction, these two cohesins were each fused to MalE, producing MalE-Coh1 and MalE-Coh6. The abilities of two fusion proteins to bind to EngE, ExgS, and CbpA were compared. Although MalE-Coh6 could bind EngE and ExgS, little or no binding of the enzymatic subunits was observed with MalE-Coh1. Significantly, the abilities of the two fusion proteins to bind CbpA were similar. The binding of dockerin-containing enzymes to cohesin-containing proteins was suggested as a model for assembly of cellulosomes. In our examination of the role of dockerins, it was also shown that the binding of endoglucanase B (EngB) to CbpA was dependent on the presence of EngB's dockerin. These results suggest that different cohesins may function with differing efficiency and specificity, that cohesins may play some role in the formation of polycellulosomes through Coh-CbpA interactions, and that dockerins play an important role during the interaction of cellulosomal enzymes and cohesins present in CbpA.
Aromatic Cyclodehydration. LI.<sup>1</sup> Phenanthridizinium Derivatives Bearing a Carboxyethyl Group (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic Cyclodehydration. LI.1 Phenanthridizinium Derivatives Bearing a Carboxyethyl GroupC. K. Bradsher and Nancy L. YarringtonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 1, 81–83Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01036a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01036a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An industrial case study of implementing software risk management (2001)

Explicit risk management is gaining ground in industrial software development projects. However, there are few empirical studies that investigate the transfer of explicit risk management into industry, the adequacy of the risk management approaches to the constraints of industrial contexts, or their cost-benefit. This paper presents results from a case study that introduced a systematic risk management method, namely the Riskit method, into a large German telecommunication company. The objective of the case study was (1) to analyze the usefulness and adequacy of the Riskit method and (2) to analyze the cost-benefit of the Riskit method in this industrial context. The results of (1) also aimed at improvement and customization of the Riskit method. Moreover, we compare our findings with results of previous case studies to obtain more generalized conclusions on the Riskit method. Our results showed that the Riskit method is practical, adds value to the project, and that its key concepts are understood and usable in practice. Additionally, many lessons learned are reported that are useful for the general audience who wants to transfer risk management into new projects.
Addition of Zincated Hydrazone to Vinyl Grignard Reagent. Ketone Synthesis by One-Pot Assembly of Four Components (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAddition of Zincated Hydrazone to Vinyl Grignard Reagent. Ketone Synthesis by One-Pot Assembly of Four ComponentsEiichi Nakamura, Katsumi Kubota, and Go SakataView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, JapanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 23, 5457–5458Publication Date (Web):June 11, 1997Publication History Received27 February 1997Published online11 June 1997Published inissue 1 June 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9706357https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9706357rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1000Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Chemical reactions,Ketones,Reagents,Vinyl Get e-Alerts
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Using Pulse Pressure in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) (2001)

Increased stiffness of the conduit arteries has been associated with increased risk of death and cardiovascular death in a number of populations. None of these populations, however, are fully representative of the US population. The cohort examined in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) that was free of overt cardiovascular disease was selected to be representative of the US population. We assessed and quantified the increased risk of death associated with elevated pulse pressure in this population. A cohort of 5771 subjects from NHANES I was used to determine the value of adding pulse pressure to standard cardiovascular disease risk factors for assessment of the risk of death during a mean follow-up period of 16.5 years. Analyses were performed by use of the SUDAAN statistical package for performing Cox proportional regression, logistic regression, and other standard methods in complex, weighted samples. Pulse pressure increased with increasing age, body mass index, cholesterol level, and mean arterial pressure. With increasing pulse pressure, the percentage of cigarette smokers decreased and the percentage of diabetics increased. Despite these associations with known risk factors, pulse pressure was independently predictive of an increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and all-cause mortality. It provides independent prognostic information beyond that provided by known risk factors that were evaluated in this study, including the Sixth Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure hypertension classification. A 10 mm Hg increase in pulse pressure in persons 25 to 45 of age was associated with a 26% increase in risk of cardiovascular death (95% confidence interval [CI], 5 to 50) and with an 10% increase (95% CI, 2 to 19) in persons 46 to 77 years of age. In a cohort designed to be representative of the US population, elevated pulse pressure has been shown to provide independent prognostic information. This variable may be a marker for the extent of vascular disease and may contribute to the occurrence of clinical events.
Implementation of a numerical needle method for thin-film design (1996)

A variant of the powerful thin-film needle design technique, which was first described by Tikhonravov and his co-workers, is described. In this method thin layers are introduced at optimum positions within the refractive-index profile of a given multilayer system. In the original method the optimum locations for the layer insertions are calculated analytically, whereas in this variant of the method they are determined numerically. This approach, although somewhat slower, is very flexible. With the numerical needle method it is easy to define a merit function that consists of quite complex spectral quantities, such as Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage color coordinates or custom spectral properties that are defined at run time. In the program described, three different absorbing or nonabsorbing materials can be used for the needle layers and one or more needles can be inserted into the system at any given time. Multilayer solutions can also be sought in which the system is defined in terms of repeating groups of layers. It is also possible to calculate automatically a series of solutions to a particular problem with increasing overall thicknesses or to perform simultaneous calculations on several different systems. Examples are given that illustrate these various points.
Optical microscopy for biology : proceedings of the International Conference on Video Microscopy held in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, June 4-7, 1989 (1990)

TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS FOR OPTICAL MICROSCOPY: Confocal Microscopy/Optical Sectioning New Fluorophores and Characterization of Probes for Fluorescent Analog Cytochemistry Camera Characterization and Image Correction APPLICATIONS OF VIDEO MICROSCOPY: Ion Imaging Dynamics of Plasma Membrane Structure Cytoskeleton, Intracellular Motility and Cell Locomotion NEW DIRECTIONS IN OPTICAL MICROSCOPY.
A guide for diagnosis of patients with arterial and venous thrombosis. (2000)

Inasmuch as coagulation laboratories are involved in providing a diagnosis for underlying causes of venous and arterial thrombosis, we present a comprehensive review of the biological properties and functions of the components of the hemostatic system as they relate to the diagnosis of arterial and venous thrombosis. Moreover, as coagulation laboratories are necessary to evaluate the success of initial treatment modalities and to provide guidance for supplemental therapeutic intervention, we include information on antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy. Included in clinical coagulation testing are assays that evaluate the potential of blood to form clots and tests for platelet numbers and platelet functions. Clot-based assays directly detect the biological activity of procoagulant factors and fibrinogen; chromogenic substrate assays evaluate proteolytic activities of clotting as well as fibrinolysis enzymes; and specific antibodies measure the concentrations of coagulation and fibrinolysis enzymes in plasma. Genetic testing is rapidly becoming incorporated into the clinical routine. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT), and thrombin time (TT) are screening assays that measure the clotting times of recalcified whole blood or platelet-poor plasma. In addition to their function as screening assays, PT, APTT, and TT are the backbone of all the specialized clot-based assays for factor activities and for the indirect measurement of inhibitory antithrombin and protein C activities. Molecular markers related to hemostasis and fibrinolysis consist of proteins or peptides that indicate an ongoing physiological or abnormal process related to clot formation, thrombosis, vascular damage, or drug effect. Molecular markers are currently identified by means of specific antibodies prepared against them. The list of hemostatic molecular markers is rapidly growing. Most of the assays developed for molecular marker measurement, with the notable exception of the d-dimer assay, are typically used in clinical research.
Intracavity spectral shaping in external cavity mode-locked semiconductor diode lasers (1998)

Intracavity spectral shaping techniques have been employed to artificially shape and broaden the optical spectrum of external cavity mode-locked semiconductor lasers. Using an intracavity spectrometer and intensity Fourier-plane filtering, active mode-locked output spectra with a multiplicity of independently tunable wavelengths have been generated, while an adjustable intracavity etalon has been employed to generate an 18-nm spectral width. Furthermore, hybrid mode-locking with a multiple-quantum-well (MQW) saturable absorber combined with the intracavity etalon, followed by dispersion compensation has led to the generation of optical pulses of 330 fs in duration.
Hypertension, Obesity, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Complex Ventricular Ectopic Activity, and Increased Risk for Sudden Death Review of Ochsner Studies and the Literature (1993)

Hypertension, obesity, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are associated with increased risk of sudden death. The authors reviewed clinical, echocardiographic, and Holter data from 179 patients enrolled in studies at Ochsner Medical Institutions and the medical literature to determine the prevalence and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias in hypertensive patients with concentric and isolated septal hypertrophy (ISH), as well as obese patients with or without eccentric LVH. The prevalence and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias was not significantly increased in hypertensive patients without LVH or with only minimal echocardiographic evidence of concentric LVH. However, ventricular ectopic activity was increased 30-fold in ISH, 40-fold in mild concentric LVH that was evident on the electrocardiogram, and 60-fold in patients with moderate concentric LVH. In obese patients without LVH, ventricular ectopy was increased 40-fold, and by more than 80-fold in obese patients with eccentric LVH. The complexity of ventricular ectopic activity, as defined by higher Lown class, was also significantly increased in these groups. Several recent reports from other institutions also demonstrated the increased prevalence and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with LVH. These data indicated that all types of LVH, including concentric, eccentric, and ISH, are associated with increased prevalence and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias, suggesting a potential electrophysiologic mechanism that may partly account for the increased risk of sudden death in patients with hypertension, obesity, and LVH. Efforts at preventing and reducing LVH with nonpharmacologic and drug therapies seems warranted.
THE DEGENERATION AND RE-INNERVATION OF GRAFTED NERVES (1943)

THE DEGENERATION AND RE-INNERVATION OF GRAFTED NERVES F. K. Sanders, F. K. Sanders Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Z. Young J. Z. Young Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 1, Issue 7, September 1943, Pages 78–79, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070216 Published: 01 September 1943
Fabrication and characterization of continuously cast clad metallic buffer rods (1992)

The fabrication, characterization, and ultrasonic measurements of clad metallic ultrasonic buffer rods are presented. The core and the cladding consist of tin/lead alloy and pure tin, respectively, produced by a vertical continuous casting technique. The acoustic velocity profiles across the rod diameter are measured using a 225-MHz line focus beam scanning acoustic microscope. A schlieren visualization system confirms the concentration of acoustic energy in the core. Spherical acoustic lenses have been fabricated at the ends of the rods. Focused and unfocused ultrasonic measurements at frequencies between 2 to 10 MHz and signals with excellent signal to noise ratios have been obtained.
Social Reconstruction in Rural Africa: A Gendered Class Analysis of Women's Resistance to Export Crop Production in Kenya (1997)

ABSTRACT This study traces the struggles in Kenya of two groups of landless women to assert control over their own labour in agricultural production in the decade 1986–1997. In the first case, at least two thousand women of Maragua have refused to produce coffee, an export cash crop, and instead are producing bananas and selling them independently. In the second and very different setting of Mwea, a government rice producing project, hundreds of women have appropriated the inputs, notably irrigation water, to produce garden crops for their own consumption and sale. The study uses a “gendered class analysis” to consider how women farmers resist exploitation at the household, national and international levels. The success of grassroot women's sustainable, sustenance agriculture is linked to their success in establishing control over their own labour power, in the face of efforts by husbands, the state and private firms to retain control.
On downlink admission control with fixed multi-beam antennas for WCDMA system (2004)

Fixed multi-beam base stations can significantly increase the capacity of WCDMA systems. Previous capacity studies have not included important radio network algorithms (RNA) such as admission control (AC), which are essential to guarantee an acceptable quality of service (QoS). Some of these RNA may have to be changed to secure the full gains of fixed multi-beam antennas. In this paper two downlink AC strategies, beam AC and cell AC, are investigated by means of dynamic system simulations. Beam AC takes the spatial dimension into account by considering the load in each beam, whereas cell AC does not. The performance of the two AC strategies is compared in different user scenarios for a fixed multi-beam smart antenna concept. It is shown that beam AC ensures system stability and gives up to 30% more capacity than cell AC, when the traffic distribution is non-uniform.
Incidence of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis in a Population-Based Cohort of Patients With Crohn's Disease and Control Subjects (2008)

Screening peripheral blood using IS900 PCR indicated that MAP DNA could be detected in a significant proportion of CD cases from a large population-based cohort, and also, in control subjects. The over-representation of MAP DNA in CD suggests either a role or a probable role for MAP in the etiology of CD.
Preparation and structure of heparin lyase-derived heparan sulfate oligosaccharides (1997)

Porcine intestinal mucosal heparan sulfate was exhaustively depolymerized on a large scale using heparin lyase II (heparinase II) or heparin lyase III (heparitinase, EC 4.2.2.8). The oligosaccharide mixtures formed with each enzyme were fractionated by low pressure gel permeation chromatography. Size-uniform mixtures of disaccharides, tetrasaccharides, and hexasaccharides were obtained. Each size-fractionated mixture was then purified on the basis of charge by repetitive semipreparative strong-anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. This approach has led to the isolation of 13 homogenous oligosaccharides. The purity of each oligosaccharide was demonstrated by the presence of a single peak on analytical strong-anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography and reversed polarity capillary electrophoresis. The structures of these oligosaccharides were established using 500 MHz one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Three of the thirteen structures that were solved were novel while the remaining 10 have been previously described. All of the structures obtained using heparin lyase III contained a delta UAp residue (where delta UAp is 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-eno-pyranosyluronic acid) at their nonreducing termini. Structures obtained using heparin lyase II contained both delta UAp and delta UAp2S (where S is sulfate) at their nonreducing termini. These results are consistent with the reported specificity of both enzymes.
Autocrine Hepatocyte Growth Factor Provides a Local Mechanism for Promoting Axonal Growth (1998)

In this report, we describe a novel local mechanism necessary for optimal axonal growth that involves hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Sympathetic neurons of the superior cervical ganglion coexpress bioactive HGF and its receptor, the Met tyrosine kinase, both in vivo and in vitro . Exogenous HGF selectively promotes the growth but not survival of cultured sympathetic neurons; the magnitude of this growth effect is similar to that observed with exogenous NGF. Conversely, HGF antibodies that inhibit endogenous HGF decrease sympathetic neuron growth but have no effect on survival. This autocrine HGF is required locally by sympathetic axons for optimal growth, as demonstrated using compartmented cultures. Thus, autocrine HGF provides a local, intrinsic mechanism for promoting neuronal growth without affecting survival, a role that may be essential during developmental axogenesis or after neuronal injury.