gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved translation efficiency of injected mRNA during early embryonic development (2006)

Injection techniques are a powerful approach to study gene function in fish and frog model systems. In particular, in vitro transcribed mRNA is broadly used for such misexpression experiments. Sequence elements flanking the coding region, such as untranslated repeats and polyadenylation sequences, are known to affect the stability and the translation efficiency of mRNA. Here we show that in early embryos, poly(A) signals strongly contribute to the activity of the injected mRNA. Of interest, they only marginally affect mRNA stability, whereas the translation efficiency is dramatically enhanced. Combination of a poly(A) tail and an SV40 late poly(A) signal leads to highly synergistic effects of the two elements for injected mRNA. Compared with established vector systems, we detected a 20-fold improvement for mRNA derived from the novel transcription vector pMC.
Three dimensional reconstruction of PET data from a multi-ring camera (1989)

In order to assess the potential of a multiring camera for three-dimensional PET (positron emission tomography) the septa were removed from a commercially produced PET camera (ECAT 931/08-12). An approximate reconfiguration was made to the data acquisition subsystem to acquire the full set of 64 sinograms containing all permitted lines of response between pairs of detectors. A number of different phantoms were imaged with this camera configuration, and one fluorodopa study was performed with a healthy volunteer. The authors discuss the results of these studies, and describe the back-projection and filtering procedure that has been adopted in order to incorporate the maximum amount of cross-plane data in the reconstruction. The results are compared with the same data reconstructed using the standard two-dimensional approach (i.e. for the direct and cross planes only), and with data collected for the same phantoms with the septa in place.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability (1992)

The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has a submodel that predicts rates of feedstuff degradation in the rumen, the passage of undegraded feed to the lower gut, and the amount of ME and protein that is available to the animal. In the CNCPS, structural carbohydrate (SC) and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) are estimated from sequential NDF analyses of the feed. Data from the literature are used to predict fractional rates of SC and NSC degradation. Crude protein is partitioned into five fractions. Fraction A is NPN, which is trichloroacetic (TCA) acid-soluble N. Unavailable or protein bound to cell wall (Fraction C) is derived from acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIP), and slowly degraded true protein (Fraction B3) is neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIP) minus Fraction C. Rapidly degraded true protein (Fraction B1) is TCA-precipitable protein from the buffer-soluble protein minus NPN. True protein with an intermediate degradation rate (Fraction B2) is the remaining N. Protein degradation rates are estimated by an in vitro procedure that uses Streptomyces griseus protease, and a curve-peeling technique is used to identify rates for each fraction. The amount of carbohydrate or N that is digested in the rumen is determined by the relative rates of degradation and passage. Ruminal passage rates are a function of DMI, particle size, bulk density, and the type of feed that is consumed (e.g., forage vs cereal grain).
Interleukin-1 signal transduction. Increased GTP binding and hydrolysis in membranes of a murine thymoma line (EL4). (1990)

The post-receptor events which follow the binding of interleukin 1 (IL1) to cells are unclear. The present studies provide evidence for the activation of a guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) by IL1 in the membranes of an IL1 receptor-rich strain (NOB-1) of the EL4 murine thymoma line. IL1 alpha and beta increased the binding of the GTP analogue [35S]guanosine 5'-[gamma-thiol]trisphosphate (GTP gamma S) to membranes prepared from these cells. By 1 min after addition of IL1 there was a 2-fold enhancement in binding which was dose dependent in the range 0.1-100 ng/ml. A qualitatively similar result was obtained with IL1 beta although it was 10 times less potent. Specific neutralizing antisera to IL1 alpha and IL1 beta abolished the response. Experiments in which the concentration of [35S]GTP gamma S was varied revealed that IL1 increased the affinity of the binding sites for [35S]GTP gamma S and not their number. IL1 alpha was shown to stimulate GTPase activity in the membranes, the time and concentration dependence of this was similar to that observed for increased [35S]GTP gamma S binding. Half-maximal enhancement of [35S]GTP gamma S binding by IL1 alpha, measured after 4 min, occurred at 5% IL1 receptor occupancy. Maximal stimulation was achieved when 30% of receptors were occupied. Experiments with pertussis and cholera toxins revealed that pretreating membranes with pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml) inhibited by 50% the IL1-induced [35S]GTP gamma S binding and [gamma-32P]GTP hydrolysis. Cholera toxin (100 ng/ml) was without effect. However, both pertussis and cholera toxins at concentrations of 100 ng/ml inhibited IL1-induced IL2 secretion in EL4 NOB-1 cells. These results show that the IL1 receptor of a responsive thymoma line activates, and may be coupled to, a G protein(s). This is a possible mechanism of IL1 signal transduction.
Enhancing security in CAN systems using a star coupling router (2012)

Controller Area Network (CAN) is the most widely used protocol in the automotive domain. Bus-based CAN does not provide any security mechanisms to counter manipulations like eavesdropping, fabrication of messages, or denial-of-service attacks. The vulnerabilities in bus-based CAN are alarming, because safety-critical subsystems (e.g., the power train) often deploy a CAN bus, and hence a failure propagation from the security domain to the safety domain can take place. In this paper we propose a star coupling router and a trust model for this router to overcome some of the security deficiencies present in bus-based CAN systems. The CAN router establishes a partitioning of a CAN bus into separate CAN segments and allows to rigorously check the traffic within the CAN system, including the value and time domains. We evaluate the introduced trust model on a prototype implementation of the CAN router by performing attacks that would be successful on classic bus-based CAN, but are detected and contained on router-based CAN. The router can consequently increase the security in automotive applications and render some of the attacks described in the literature (e.g., fuzzying attack) on a car useless. Since the CAN router offers ports that are compatible to standard CAN, the router can be used to increase the security of legacy CAN based systems.
Method for wafer edge profile extraction using optical images obtained in edge defect inspection process (2010)

It is becoming increasingly important to monitor wafer edge profiles in the immersion lithography era. A Nikon edge defect inspection tool acquires the circumferential optical images of the wafer edge during its inspection process. Nikon's unique illumination system and optics make it possible to then convert the brightness data of the captured images to quantifiable edge profile information. During this process the wafer's outer shape is also calculated. Test results show that even newly shipped bare wafers may not have a constant shape over 360 degree. In some cases repeated deformations with 90 degree pitch are observed.
The effect of dispersion compensation on system performance when nonlinearities are important (1999)

Dispersion compensation placed at the end of a nonlinear system affects both signal variance and pulse distortion. This letter shows experimentally and theoretically that optimum performance for a wavelength-division-multiplexed test bed of 4870 km is achieved by selecting dispersion compensation to minimize pulse distortion rather than signal variance.
[The receptors and entry of measles virus: a review]. (2013)

Measles virus is an enveloped virus with a non-segmented negative-sense RNA genome. Two envelope glycoproteins on the viral surface, namely hemagglutinin (H) and membrane fusion protein (F), are responsible for the virus entry into susceptible host cells. The specific interaction between H and its cellular receptors is a key step in successful virus infection, determining the infectivity and tissue tropism of the measles virus. Thus far, three H receptors have been identified, including the complement regulatory molecule CD46, the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) and the cell adhesion molecule Nectin-4. Here, we reviewed our molecular understanding on the recognition mechanism of these receptors by the viral H protein, aiming to promote future studies on antiviral drug design and measles virus-based oncolytic therapy.
Prevalence of Sleep-disordered Breathing in Middle-aged Korean Men and Women (2004)

With many epidemiologic studies made to establish the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in Western countries, no such data have been reported in Korea. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of SDB and OSAS, and their related factors in Korean adults aged 40-69 years. Among the total of 5,020 participants at the baseline examination of the Korean Health and Genome Study, a random sample of 457 men and women was studied with employment of overnight full polysomnography to determine the prevalence of SDB and OSAS. The prevalence of SDB (apnea-hypopnea index > or = 5) was 27% and 16% in men and women, respectively. When OSAS was defined by an apnea-hypopnea index > or = 5 plus excessive daytime sleepiness, its prevalence was 4.5% in men and 3.2% in women. Logistic regression analyses showed that sex, body mass index, and hypertension were closely associated with the risk of SDB. Our findings show that SDB is a common problem in the Korean adult population. Understanding and treatment of SDB may be essential in terms of intervention to reduce the risk of related medical problems.
A high-content image-based method for quantitatively studying context-dependent cell population dynamics (2016)

Tumor progression results from a complex interplay between cellular heterogeneity, treatment response, microenvironment and heterocellular interactions. Existing approaches to characterize this interplay suffer from an inability to distinguish between multiple cell types, often lack environmental context, and are unable to perform multiplex phenotypic profiling of cell populations. Here we present a high-throughput platform for characterizing, with single-cell resolution, the dynamic phenotypic responses (i.e. morphology changes, proliferation, apoptosis) of heterogeneous cell populations both during standard growth and in response to multiple, co-occurring selective pressures. The speed of this platform enables a thorough investigation of the impacts of diverse selective pressures including genetic alterations, therapeutic interventions, heterocellular components and microenvironmental factors. The platform has been applied to both 2D and 3D culture systems and readily distinguishes between (1) cytotoxic versus cytostatic cellular responses; and (2) changes in morphological features over time and in response to perturbation. These important features can directly influence tumor evolution and clinical outcome. Our image-based approach provides a deeper insight into the cellular dynamics and heterogeneity of tumors (or other complex systems), with reduced reagents and time, offering advantages over traditional biological assays.
Compact Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna for MIMO LTE Applications (2012)

A system of two dual-band dual-polarized antennas is proposed. It operates in two bands, 700 to 862 MHz and 2.5 to 2.69 GHz, thereby making it suitable for LTE applications. The design is composed of two compact orthogonal monopoles printed close to each other to perform diversity in mobile terminals such as tablets or laptops. For each band, two orthogonal polarizations are available and an isolation higher than 15 dB is achieved between the two monopoles spaced by λ 0 /10 (where λ 0 the central wavelength in free space of the lower band). A good agreement is observed between simulated and experimental results. The antenna diversity capability is highlighted with the calculation of envelope correlation and mean effective gain for several antennas' positions in different environment scenarios.
A Synthetic Double Punch: Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Mates with CH Functionalization (2010)

Twice as good: This highlight illustrates the development of new protocols for the efficient synthesis of polysubstituted arenes. The dual role of carbamate and sulfamate substituents as directing and leaving groups has been exploited in efficient reaction sequences of directed ortho-metalation and chemoselective nickel-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions (see structure).
X-ray Microanalysis of Biological Samples by High-resolution Energy Dispersive Microcalorimeter Spectrometer Using a Low-voltage Scanning Electron Microscope (2008)

Abstract A transition edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter detector with an energy resolution of 17.3 eV@1.74 keV mounted on an SEM has been newly developed and applied for the first time to reveal the cellular distribution of Cd in a cadmium hyper-accumulating plant. The elemental maps of the light element P as well as the heavy elements Cd and Zn were also successfully obtained. Similarly, the simultaneous analysis of As Lα and Mg Kα in an arsenic-accumulating fern was possible with this system. It is expected that the microcalorimeter EDS system has the potential to open a new area of the X-ray microanalysis of biological samples.
A Urinary Bcl-2 Surface Acoustic Wave Biosensor for Early Ovarian Cancer Detection (2012)

In this study, the design, fabrication, surface functionalization and experimental characterization of an ultrasonic MEMS biosensor for urinary anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) detection with sub ng/mL sensitivity is presented. It was previously shown that urinary Bcl-2 levels are reliably elevated during early and late stages of ovarian cancer. Our biosensor uses shear horizontal (SH) surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on surface functionalized ST-cut Quartz to quantify the mass loading change by protein adhesion to the delay path. SH-SAWs were generated and received by a pair of micro-fabricated interdigital transducers (IDTs) separated by a judiciously designed delay path. The delay path was surface-functionalized with monoclonal antibodies, ODMS, Protein A/G and Pluronic F127 for optimal Bcl-2 capture with minimal non-specific adsorption. Bcl-2 concentrations were quantified by the resulting resonance frequency shift detected by a custom designed resonator circuit. The target sensitivity for diagnosis and identifying the stage of ovarian cancer was successfully achieved with demonstrated Bcl-2 detection capability of 500 pg/mL. It was also shown that resonance frequency shift increases linearly with increasing Bcl-2 concentration.
Pt/MoO3 Nano-flower/SiC Schottky Diode Based Hydrogen Gas Sensor (2010)

In this paper, we report the development of a novel Pt/MoO3 nano-flower/SiC Schottky diode based device for hydrogen gas sensing applications. The MoO3 nanostructured thin films were deposited on SiC substrates via thermal evaporation. Morphological characterization of the nanostructured MoO3 by scanning electron microscopy revealed randomly orientated thin nanoplatelets in a densely packed formation of nano-flowers with dimensions ranging from 250 nm to 1 μm. Current-voltage characteristics of the sensor were measured at temperatures from 25°C to 250°C. The sensor showed greater sensitivity in a reverse bias condition than in forward bias. Dynamic response of the sensor was investigated towards different concentrations of hydrogen gas in a synthetic air mixture at 250°C and a large voltage shift of 5.7 V was recorded upon exposure to 1% hydrogen.
Trends in the incidence and survival of births at 22 to 26 weeks in England: A population based study (2017)

<p>Objective: To assess recent trends in incidence and survival of births at 22-26 weeks gestation in England</p><p>Design: Population based cohort study</p><p>Participants: All births in 2006 and 2014</p><p>Main outcome measure: Incidence and survival of births at 22+0-26+6 weeks gestation</p><p>Results: The birth rate at 22 to 26 weeks gestation reduced by 10% over time from 49.0 per 10000 births in 2006 to 44.3 per 10000 births in 2014. The largest difference was seen at 22 weeks gestation, decreasing from 7.5 to 6.1 per 10000 births. The difference lessened with increasing gestation, with similar rates at 26 weeks (11.5 and 11.7 per 10000 births in 2006 and 2014). Extended perinatal mortality and neonatal mortality improved significantly over time. The largest improvements were seen for babies at 23 weeks with live births surviving the neonatal period increasing from 26.0% to 38.8%, and at 24 weeks increased from 51.1% to 71.3%. The reduced incidence and improved survival led to a reduction over time of 7 deaths per 10000 births, a reduction of around 8% of the extended perinatal mortality rate for all births. Regional variation across England will also be explored.</p><p>Conclusions: There has been a decrease in the incidence of births at 22 to 26 weeks gestation and also improvements in neonatal mortality since 2006. This reduction in mortality will impact on service costs for both neonatal and longer term care. Up-to-date survival rates are also vital in counselling parents regarding outcomes for extremely preterm babies.</p>
Synthetic approach to optimal filtering (1994)

As opposed to the analytic approach used in the modern theory of optimal filtering, a synthetic approach is presented. The signal/sensor data, which are generated by either computer simulation or actual experiments, are synthesized into a filter by training a recurrent multilayer perceptron (RMLP) with at least one hidden layer of fully or partially interconnected neurons and with or without output feedbacks. The RMLP, after adequate training, is a recursive filter optimal for the given structure, with the lagged feedbacks carrying the optimal conditional statistics at each time point. Above all, it converges to the minimum variance filter as the number of hidden neurons increases. We call such an RMLP a neural filter. Simulation results show that the neural filters with only a few hidden neurons consistently outperform the extended Kalman filter and even the iterated extended Kalman filter for the simple nonlinear signal/sensor systems considered.
Model based, sensor directed remediation of underground storage tanks (2002)

Experimental investigations into the application of intelligent robot control technology to the problem of removing waste stored in tanks are described. The authors discuss the experimental environment employed, with particular attention to the computing and software control environment. Intelligent system control is achieved through the integration of extensive geometric and kinematic world models with real-time sensor-based control. All operator interactions with the system are through fully animated, graphical representations which validate all operator commands before execution to provide for safe operation. Sensing is used to add information to the robot system's world model and to allow sensor-based servo control during selected operations. Initial test results are reported, and the potential for applying advanced intelligent control concepts to the removal of waste in storage tanks is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An organizing principle for a class of voluntary movements (1984)

This paper presents a mathematical model which predicts both the major qualitative features and, within experimental error, the quantitative details of a class of perturbed and unperturbed large-amplitude, voluntary movements performed at intermediate speed by primates. A feature of the mathematical model is that a concise description of the behavioral organization of the movement has been formulated which is separate and distinct from the description of the dynamics of movement execution. Based on observations of voluntary movements in primates, the organization has been described as though the goal were to make the smoothest movement possible under the circumstances, i.e., to minimize the accelerative transients. This has been formalized by using dynamic optimization theory to determine the movement which minimizes the rate of change of acceleration (jerk) of the limb. Based on observations of muscle mechanics, the concept of a "virtual position" determined by the active states of the muscles is rigorously defined as one of the mechanical consequences of the neural commands to the muscles. This provides insight into the mechanics of perturbed and unperturbed movements and is a useful aid in the separation of the descriptions of movement organization and movement execution.
Effect of Soaking Treatment of Continuously Cast Bloom on Manganese Segregation of High-Carbon Steel Wire Rod (1989)

A study has been made on the diffusion behavior of manganese in the macrosegregation spots of continuously cast bloom during soaking treatment prior to bloom rolling in order to reduce the martensite structure, which is caused by manganese segregation and reduces the wire drawability, in Stelmor-cooled high-carbon steel wire rod. Eutectoid steel samples (SWRS80B) sawed off from the middle part of a 300mm×500mm continuously cast bloom were heated at 1573 K for 0.5 to 5 h and the manganese concentration profiles were measured with EPMA.(1) Manganese microsegregation peaks (concentration peaks) were substantially annihilated by a soaking treatment of 1573 K×1 h, even though calculations based on the previously reported diffusion constant of manganese in austenite predicted the presence of high microsegregation peaks after a soaking treatment of 1573 K×5 h.(2) The difference between the experimental and the calculated results in the diffusion rate of manganese decreased with increase in the strain of hot rolling, and thus approximately the same diffusion constant as previous works was obtained for wire rod.(3) It is thought that the excess vacancies, which are generated by the pores existing in the macrosegregation spots of continuously cast bloom, accelerate the volume diffusion, and thereby the soaking treatment of the continuously cast bloom has the industrial significance for the reduction of manganese microsegregation, as well as carbon and phosphorus segregation.
4-Acetylpyridine 2-Benzothiazolylhydrazone as a Chromogenic Reagent for Common Epoxides (1985)

Abstract A simple and sensitive color reaction of common epoxides as well as other some alkylating agents with 4-acetylpyrldine 2-benzothiazolylhydrazone (ABH) is described. These compounds gave a purpllsh red color after reaction with ABH for 2 hrs at 110°C in methyl cellosolve or for 20 min at 120°C followed by treatment with plperazlne on silica gel thin-layer plates. Four aliphatic terminal epoxides could be determined spectrophotometrically in the range from 20 to 125 nmol/ml. The limits of detection of these epoxides on silica gel thin-layer plates were 10 pmol/spot order by the visual inspection. The reaction mechanism is also discussed based on the chemical structure of the isolated chromophore.
Correction: The First Paenibacillus larvae Bacteriophage Endolysin (PlyPl23) with High Potential to Control American Foulbrood (2015)

The Data Availability statement for this paper is incorrect. The correct statement is: All relevant\ndata are within the paper and its Supporting Information files, except the aminoacidic\nsequence of the endolysin, which is available in RefSeq, accession number YP_008320357.1.