gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Single Serine in the Carboxyl Terminus of Cardiac Essential Myosin Light Chain-1 Controls Cardiomyocyte Contractility In Vivo (2009)

Although it is well known that mutations in the cardiac essential myosin light chain-1 (cmlc-1) gene can cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the precise in vivo structural and functional roles of cMLC-1 in the heart are only poorly understood. We have isolated the zebrafish mutant lazy susan (laz), which displays severely reduced contractility of both heart chambers. By positional cloning, we identified a nonsense mutation within the zebrafish cmlc-1 gene to be responsible for the laz phenotype, leading to expression of a carboxyl-terminally truncated cMLC-1. Whereas complete loss of cMLC-1 leads to cardiac acontractility attributable to impaired cardiac sarcomerogenesis, expression of a carboxyl-terminally truncated cMLC-1 in laz mutant hearts is sufficient for normal cardiac sarcomerogenesis but severely impairs cardiac contractility in a cell-autonomous fashion. Whereas overexpression of wild-type cMLC-1 restores contractility of laz mutant cardiomyocytes, overexpression of phosphorylation site serine 195-deficient cMLC-1 (cMLC-1(S195A)) does not reconstitute cardiac contractility in laz mutant cardiomyocytes. By contrast, introduction of a phosphomimetic amino acid on position 195 (cMLC-1(S195D)) rescues cardiomyocyte contractility, demonstrating for the first time an essential role of the carboxyl terminus and especially of serine 195 of cMLC-1 in the regulation of cardiac contractility.
Comparisons of substitution, insertion and deletion probes for resequencing and mutational analysis using oligonucleotide microarrays (2005)

Although oligonucleotide probes complementary to single nucleotide substitutions are commonly used in microarray-based screens for genetic variation, little is known about the hybridization properties of probes complementary to small insertions and deletions. It is necessary to define the hybridization properties of these latter probes in order to improve the specificity and sensitivity of oligonucleotide microarray-based mutational analysis of disease-related genes. Here, we compare and contrast the hybridization properties of oligonucleotide microarrays consisting of 25mer probes complementary to all possible single nucleotide substitutions and insertions, and one and two base deletions in the 9168 bp coding region of the ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) gene. Over 68 different dye-labeled single-stranded nucleic acid targets representing all ATM coding exons were applied to these microarrays. We assess hybridization specificity by comparing the relative hybridization signals from probes perfectly matched to ATM sequences to those containing mismatches. Probes complementary to two base substitutions displayed the highest average specificity followed by those complementary to single base substitutions, single base deletions and single base insertions. In all the cases, hybridization specificity was strongly influenced by sequence context and possible intra- and intermolecular probe and/or target structure. Furthermore, single nucleotide substitution probes displayed the most consistent hybridization specificity data followed by single base deletions, two base deletions and single nucleotide insertions. Overall, these studies provide valuable empirical data that can be used to more accurately model the hybridization properties of insertion and deletion probes and improve the design and interpretation of oligonucleotide microarray-based resequencing and mutational analysis.
Compressed Domain Real-time Action Recognition (2006)

We present a compressed domain scheme that is able to recognize and localize actions in real-time. The recognition problem is posed as performing a video query on a test video sequence. Our method is based on computing motion similarity using compressed domain features which can be extracted with low complexity. We introduce a novel motion correlation measure that takes into account differences in motion magnitudes. Our method is appearance invariant, requires no prior segmentation, alignment or stabilization, and is able to localize actions in both space and time. We evaluated our method on a large action video database consisting of 6 actions performed by 25 people under 3 different scenarios. Our classification results compare favorably with existing methods at only a fraction of their computational cost
Patch-Clamp Recording and RT-PCR on Single Cells (2003)

The technique described in this chapter provides electrophysiologists using patch-clamp with a convenient method to link electrophysiological data to a molecular analysis of the mRNAs expressed in a single cell. This molecular analysis can be used either to correlate cell responses with their molecular basis or to identify cell types according to the expression of specific markers. The core of the molecular analysis is polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which makes it fast, sensitive, and simple.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator Promotes Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Upregulation After Focal Cerebral Ischemia (2005)

These data demonstrate that tPA upregulates brain MMP-9 levels in stroke in vivo, and suggest that combination therapies targeting MMPs may improve tPA therapy.
Triamterene Suppresses Bombesin‐enhanced Peritoneal Metastasis of Intestinal Adenocarcinomas Induced by Azoxymethane (1996)

The effects of combined administration of bombesin and the diuretic triamterene on the incidence of peritoneal metastasis of intestinal cancers induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and the labeling index of intestinal cancers were investigated in male inbred Wistar rats. From the start of the experiment, rats were given weekly s.c. injections of AOM (7.4 mg/kg body weight) for 10 weeks and s.c. injections of bombesin (40 micrograms/kg body weight) every other day, and from week 16, s.c. injections of triamterene (10 and 20 mg/kg body weight) every other day until the end of the experiment in week 45. Bombesin significantly increased the incidence of intestinal tumors and cancer metastasis to the peritoneum in week 45. It also significantly increased the labeling index of intestinal cancers. Although administration of both doses of triamterene with bombesin had little or no influence on the enhancement of intestinal carcinogenesis by bombesin, or the location, histologic type, depth of invasion, or labeling index of intestinal cancers, it significantly reduced the incidence of cancer metastasis. These findings indicate that triamterene suppresses cancer metastasis through a mechanism that does not affect the proliferation of intestinal cancers.
Program an embedded system with inductive proximity sensor and RFID reader (2012)

The number of osseointegrated dental implants is increasing. Healthy peri-implant soft and hard tissues are required for the stability and survival of dental implants. In this paper we review factors that lead to peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, and review treatment.
Nickel-(II) and -(III) complexes with NiS4 environments: electron paramagnetic resonance and electrochemical studies (1993)

A group of nickel(II) complexes having a square-planar NiS4 co-ordination sphere have been synthesised using the bidentate quinoxaline-2,3-dithiol ligand (H2L1). In dimethylformamide solution the nickel(III)–nickel(II) couple is electrochemically observable for both the thiolate [NiL12]2– and thione [Ni(H2L1)2]2+ complexes with E½ values of +0.12 and +0.32 V respectively vs. saturated calomel electrode. The nickel(III) species can be electrogenerated in solution. Upon freezing (77 K) rhombic EPR spectra (gxx≈ 2.30, gyy≈ 2.05, gzz≈ 2.03) compatible with the uncommon configuration dxy1(g‖ > g⊥) are observed. The fact that the thione (neutral sulfur) complexes are more difficult to oxidise is consistent with the effectiveness of the polarisable sulfur atoms in the thiolate complex, resulting in the stabilisation of NiIII and the observation of relatively low values for the NiII–NiIII potential.
[Magnesium poisoning in an infant]. (1991)

We present the case of a girl aged 3 weeks with extreme hypermagnesaemia (7.94 mmol/l) due to an overdose of magnesium oxide, prescribed as a laxative. We treated her successfully with a combination of hyperhydration, forced diuresis and natriuresis, and additional intravenous calcium and insulin. We also performed an exchange transfusion which, however, had a questionable effect on the final outcome.
Postfire Succession in a Sierran Subalpine Meadow (1984)

A lightning-ignited fire in 1977 burned a subalpine meadow in Kings Canyon National Park, California. Vegetation establishment and succession were studied for 4 years after the fire. Herbaceous cover increased from 2.3%, immediately after burning, to 123.8% in 1981. Broadleaf species were dominant the 1st year with grass and graminoid species becoming dominant in later years. The fire also resulted in some soil puddling and rill formation although no catastrophic changes were observed.
High Incidence of ErbB3, ErbB4, and MET Expression in Ovarian Cancer (2014)

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancers in the United States. Failure may be due to variable expression and/or complex interactions of growth factor receptors in individual tumors. As ErbB3-MET cooperativity is implicated in solid tumor resistance to EGFR/ErbB2 inhibitors, we evaluated expression of MET and all 4 ErbB family members in ovarian cancers. Tissue arrays were prepared from archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples, including 202 ovarian carcinomas (Stage I-IV) and controls. Of 202 patient samples, only 25% were positive for EGFR and 35% for ErbB2 expression. ErbB3, ErbB4, and MET showed marked expression in 76%, 98%, and 96% of cases. Consistent with high incidence, there was no significant correlation for expression of ErbB3, ErbB4, or MET with outcome. On the basis of their high expression in the majority of cases, inhibitors targeting ErbB3, ErbB4, and/or MET may be broadly applicable as therapeutic agents in this disease.
Nucleoside transporter proteins: emerging targets for drug discovery (2000)

Nucleosides are central salvage metabolites and, as precursors of nucleotides, play an essential role in intermediary metabolism and biosynthesis, as well as signal transduction through interaction with purinergic receptors. Nucleoside analogues are used to treat haematological malignancies, certain solid tumours and many viral diseases. Because most nucleosides are relatively hydrophilic molecules, the presence of specialised transporter proteins in plasma membranes is essential for cellular uptake. Nucleoside transport is mediated by either bi-directional equilibrative processes, driven by chemical gradients, or inwardly directed concentrative processes, driven by sodium gradients. Recent advances in the identification of nucleoside transporter proteins from humans and lower organisms, using molecular cloning and functional expression of cDNAs, have transformed our understanding of nucleoside transport processes. Most of the nucleoside transporters identified thus far are members of two previously unrecognised and evolutionarily old protein families, the equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) and concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNTs), whose biological functions have not been fully determined. In humans, the ENTs exhibit broad permeant selectivities and are widely distributed among different cell types, whereas the CNTs exhibit more restricted permeant selectivities and are found primarily in specialised cell types. Members of both families have been observed in neoplastic cells. This review focuses on the nucleoside transporter proteins of humans and rodents that have become known through molecular cloning and functional expression of their cDNAs, and describes relationships with the transporters of lower organisms. Recent advances in functional production of recombinant nucleoside transporters in model expression systems will allow the development of new therapeutic strategies to improve the efficacy and selectivity of nucleoside drugs in therapy of cancer, as well as viral and parasitic diseases.
Structural and Morphological Characterization of PbS Nanocrystallites Synthesized in the Bicontinuous Cubic Phase of a Lipid (1996)

We report the synthesis and characterization of monodispersed lead sulfide (PbS) particles with diameters in the range 4−14 nm, using bicontinuous cubic phase as a matrix. It was found, through polarized optical microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering studies, that the viscous isotropic bicontinuous cubic phase continued to exist in the ternary sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT)/water/sodium sulfide (Na2S) system as long as the concentration of aqueous Na2S solution was below 0.5 M. The exposure of this ternary mixture to aqueous 0.40 M lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) solution led to the formation of PbS nanocrystallites within the mesophase. A series of PbS particulate samples were synthesized, using different concentrations of aqueous Na2S solutions ranging between 0.025 and 0.30 M, extracted from the lipid matrix and capped by thiol molecules. The structure and diameter of the particles were determined from X-ray diffraction studies. The particle size was found to increase linearly with increase in Na2S concentration. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) characterization of monoparticulate-layer samples, prepared by Langmuir−Blodgett technique showed PbS particles of uniform size when the concentration of Na2S solution was lower than 0.10 M. High-resolution TEM revealed the particles to be crystalline with no stacking fault. The monodispersity of the particles was lost for Na2S concentration >0.20 M and the larger particles showed cubic morphology. Absorption spectra showed blue shift with decreasing size, with no excitonic peaks.
Transcription factor E2F is required for efficient expression of the hamster dihydrofolate reductase gene in vitro and in vivo. (1989)

The dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene encodes an enzyme important for metabolism and cell growth. We have found multiple DNA-protein interactions within the hamster DHFR gene promoter in vitro. These interactions occur over the consensus binding sites for two eucaryotic transcription factors. Sp1 and E2F. The DHFR E2F consensus site possesses a dyad symmetry and is unique in its location immediately 3' to the major transcription start site. The interaction of E2F with the DHFR promoter has been detected in HeLa nuclear extracts, confirmed by using partially purified E2F, and characterized by both enzymatic and chemical assays of the DNA-protein interaction. A mutation of the E2F recognition sequence which abolishes E2F binding to the DHFR promoter results in a two- to fivefold decrease of in vitro transcriptional activity and a fivefold reduction of DHFR promoter activity in transient-expression assays. Thus, the interaction of E2F with the DHFR promoter is required for efficient expression of the DHFR gene.
Optical coherence tomography for precision brain imaging, neurosurgical guidance and minimally invasive theranostics (2018)

This review focuses on optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based neurosurgical application for imaging and treatment of brain tumors. OCT has emerged as one of the most innovative and successful translational biomedical-diagnostic techniques. It is a useful imaging tool for noninvasive, in vivo, in situ and real-time imaging in soft biological tissues, such as brain tumor imaging. OCT can detect the structure of biological tissue in a micrometer scale, and functional OCT has some clinical researches and applications, such as nerve fiber tracts and neurovascular imaging. OCT is able to identify tumor margins, and it gives intraoperative precision identification and resection guidance. OCT-based theranostics is introduced into preclinical neurosurgical resection, such as the integration of OCT and laser ablation. We discuss the challenges and opportunities of OCT-based system in the field of combination of intraoperative structural and functional imaging, neurosurgical guidance and minimally invasive theranostics. We point out that OCT and laser ablation-based theranostics can give more precision and intelligence for intraoperative diagnosis and therapeutics in clinical applications. The theranostics can precisely locate, or specifically target cancerous tissues, and then as much as possiblly eliminate them.
Analysis of CPM signals using higher-order statistics (2002)

The authors address the problem of the estimation of the modulation index of continuous phase modulated (CPM) signals in noise. In a previous work (1993) they considered the same problem when the CPM signal was sampled at the symbol rate and thus constituted a stationary sequence. In this case, sampling is performed at a higher rate, and thus the discrete sequence becomes cyclostationary. Analytical expressions are derived for the cyclic autocorrelation and fourth-order cumulant sequences that permit the formulation of a maximum likelihood estimator. Simulation examples illustrate the performance of both methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
어성초·삼백초 복합 추출물이 중년 여성의 비만에 미치는 효과: 체성분 및 복부비만 지표 (2017)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the extract mixtures of Houttuynia cordata and Saururus chinensis on the body composition and abdominal obesity in middle-aged women. The subjects were 30 middle-aged women with age 40`s~50`s who agreed to participate in this study during 12 weeks, were divided into two groups randomly (control group, n=10; case group, n=20). Case group took Houttuynia cordata/Saururus chinensis blend liquid extract mixtures (750 ml/day) and the control group take no supplemental mixture. We measured body composition and abdominal obesity indexes at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The collected data analysed by SPSS 21.0. After 12 weeks, weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, percent of body fat (PBF), lean body mass, waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR), upper abdominal circumference, lower abdominal circumference and visceral fat area (VFA) were significantly decreased in case group. When compared to the control group, subjects in case group showed significant improvement in weight, BMI, body fat mass, PBF, WC, WHR, Lower abdominal circumference and VFA during experimental period. The satisfaction levels with weight loss and abdominal size reduction were the highest. In conclusion, extract mixtures of Houttuynia cordata and Saururus chinensis can be helpful of improving body composition and decreasing abdominal obesity in middle-aged women.
Effects of GaAs substrate misorientation on strain relaxation in InxGa1−xAs films and multilayers (1998)

We have investigated the effects of GaAs substrate misorientation on strain relaxation in InxGa1−xAs films and multilayers. Our calculations of shear stresses due to misfit strain, resolved on the glide plane in the glide direction, reveal that the α and β 60° slip systems are influenced in a nearly identical fashion, for all substrate misorientation directions. Thus, classical models for nucleation and glide of 60° dislocations predict that a substrate misorientation will not influence the degree of 〈110〉 asymmetry in strain relaxation in lattice-mismatched zincblende semiconductor films. Contrary to these predictions, our experimental results reveal asymmetries in strain relaxation (for partially relaxed single layers) which favor those dislocations aligned with the offcut axis. These asymmetries depend on the substrate misorientation and growth temperature, and are not easily explained by differences in the intrinsic core properties of α and β dislocations. Furthermore, in fully relaxed multilayers (grown at lower temperatures), and single layers (grown at higher temperatures), epilayer tilt which increases the (111)B substrate miscut is observed. In the multilayers, this behavior is found to be correlated with the presence of micron-scale surface facets. We consider possible explanations for these results, including nucleation of partial dislocations, interaction of gliding threading dislocations, and strain relaxation predominated by forward and backward gliding α threading dislocation segments. Together, these results support the conclusion that local surface or interface step morphologies are more important than bulk stress effects in determining misfit dislocation formation in the InGaAs/GaAs system.
A comparative study of semi‐2 and full interpenetrating polymer networks based on poly(<i>n</i>‐butyl acrylate)/polystyrene (1982)

Abstract Sequential poly( n ‐butyl acrylate)/polystyrene (PnBA/PS) semi‐2 and full IPN's of various compositions were made by UV photopolymerization. Acrylic acid anhydride and divinylbenzene were used as labile and permanent crosslinkers, respectively, for the rubbery phase and the plastic phase. After IPN formation, network I was selectively decrosslinked. After extracton of polymer I, the remaining PS network II was characterized by swelling measurements and examined by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that crosslinked PnBA affects the formation of the second network more than uncrosslinked PnBA does. A porous phase formed by an aggregate of spherical polystyrene domains was observed. The experimental domain diameter was in good agreement with previous theoretical values. The dynamic mechanical properties of full IPN's, decrosslinked IPN's, and semi‐2 IPN's were also studied. A significant level of molecular mixing was found for full IPN's of midrange compositions. The major difference between the full IPN's and the decrosslinked IPN's is that the glass transitions of the respective polymers become more pronounced in the latter case, with a deeper valley between them. With the destruction of the crosslink sites, there is no longer a forced miscibility of the interlocked phases, which are, in fact, thermodynamically incompatible.
Functional Diversification of CLAVATA3-Related CLE Proteins in Meristem Maintenance in Rice   (2008)

Postembryonic development in plants depends on the activity of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM). In Arabidopsis thaliana, CLAVATA signaling negatively regulates the size of the stem cell population in the SAM by repressing WUSCHEL. In other plants, however, studies of factors involved in stem cell maintenance are insufficient. Here, we report that two proteins closely related to CLAVATA3, FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER2 (FON2) and FON2-LIKE CLE PROTEIN1 (FCP1/Os CLE402), have functionally diversified to regulate the different types of meristem in rice (Oryza sativa). Unlike FON2, which regulates the maintenance of flower and inflorescence meristems, FCP1 appears to regulate the maintenance of the vegetative SAM and RAM. Constitutive expression of FCP1 results in consumption of the SAM in the vegetative phase, and application of an FCP1 CLE peptide in vitro disturbs root development by misspecification of cell fates in the RAM. FON1, a putative receptor of FON2, is likely to be unnecessary for these FCP1 functions. Furthermore, we identify a key amino acid residue that discriminates between the actions of FCP1 and FON2. Our results suggest that, although the basic framework of meristem maintenance is conserved in the angiosperms, the functions of the individual factors have diversified during evolution.