gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Screening for Enzyme Inhibitors by Surface Plasmon Resonance Combined with Mass Spectrometry (2004)

We have developed a novel strategy to identify enzyme inhibitors that interact directly with their enzyme targets. In the approach, an enzyme is immobilized on a sensor chip, and it is determined whether the immobilized enzyme is still active by incubation with model substrates and mass spectrometric analysis of the products. Putative inhibitors or mixtures containing putative inhibitors are then injected over the sensor chip for binding analysis with surface plasmon resonance. It is then tested whether the bound compounds inhibit the enzymatic activity by subsequent incubation with the model substrate and mass spectrometric analysis. If the bound compound inhibits the enzyme, the inhibitor is eluted from the enzyme and characterized by mass spectrometry. To test the strategy, it has been applied to the well-characterized interaction between trypsin and pure bovine pancreas trypsin inhibitor. Furthermore, fractions of plant extracts were screened for binding to and inhibition of carboxypeptidase B.
Shelf-stable electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagents: A brief historical perspective (2010)

Since the discovery by Yagupolskii and co-workers that S-trifluoromethyl diarylsulfonium salts are effective for the trifluoromethylation of thiophenolates, the design and synthesis of electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagents have been extensively researched in both academia and industry, due to the significant unique features that trifluoromethylated compounds have in pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and functional materials. Several effective reagents have been developed by the groups of Yagupolskii, Umemoto, Shreeve, Adachi, Magnier, Togni and Shibata. Due to the high stability and reactivity of these reagents, a series of Umemoto reagents, Togni reagent and Shibata reagent are now commercially available. In this review, we wish to briefly provide a historical perspective of the development of so-called "shelf-stable electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagents", although this field is in constant development.
Factors Influencing the Uptake and Absorption of Carotenoids (1998)

In his classic book entitled Vitamin A, Thomas Moore wrote, “There are many complicating factors, both chemical and physiological, which will make it difficult to give an account of the absorption of vitamin A and its provitamins (carotenoids) which is both clear and reasonably comprehensive (1).” Although this statement accurately depicts our current ability to describe carotenoid absorption, it was written in 1957. In the last four decades, thousands of papers have been written about carotenoids, yet many questions still remain unanswered regarding the absorption of both provitamin A active carotenoids such as α-and β-carotene (BC), and carotenoids such as lycopene that do not have vitamin A activity. Carotenoids are a family of over 600 fat-soluble pigments. The two subclasses of carotenoids are the oxygenated xanthophylls and the hydrocarbon carotenes. In nature, carotenoids are responsible for some of the characteristic colors in fall leaves, birds, fruits, vegetables, and shellfish. For example, tomatoes are red and carrots are orange primarily because of lycopene and β-carotene, respectively. Lutein, BC, and lycopene, shown in Figure 1, are the predominant carotenoids in our diet, serum, and tissues. Emerging evidence that lycopene may have a role in reducing risk of both prostate cancer (2) and myocardial infarction (3) has rekindled interest in the factors that influence its absorption. Most of the research investigating carotenoid absorption has utilized BC as a model carotenoid, assuming that all carotenoids behave similarly during digestion. For the most part, this is probably true. However, the degree of influence a particular factor has may vary with the structural characteristics of each carotenoid. Because BC and lycopene are both hydrocarbon carotenes, it is expected that modification of dietary conditions affects each in a similar manner. The reviews by Erdman et al., Wang, and Parker are recommended for further detail on the factors that affect BC absorption (4–6).
Induction Time in Crystallization Fouling on Heat Transfer Surfaces (2011)

Abstract This work deals with the induction period in crystallization fouling on heat transfer surfaces. While the crystal growth period can be calculated, the influencing effects in the initial stage of crystallization fouling are not fully understood and quantified so far. To identify the factors influencing the induction time, experiments with calcium sulfate were performed on modified surfaces. As surface parameters the free surface energy, roughness and topography were determined by drop shape analysis and/or AFM. The visual information by microscopic studies with a SEM shows different behavior in the initial stage of crystallization on modified surfaces at constant process conditions. These microscopic findings could be verified with induction times of fouling experiments, leading to a prediction of the induction time based on surface parameters and supersaturation of the salt solution.
Development of nitrilase promoter-derived inducible vectors for <i>Streptomyces</i> (2016)

An inducible expression vector, pSH19, which harbors regulatory expression system PnitA-NitR, for streptomycetes was constructed previously. Here, we have modified pSH19 to obtain shuttle vectors for Streptomyces-E. coli by introducing the replication origin of a plasmid for E. coli (ColE1) and an antibiotic-resistant gene. Six inducible shuttle vectors, pESH19cF, pESH19cR, pESH19kF, pESH19kR, pESH19aF, and pESH19aR, for Streptomyces-E. coli, were successfully developed. The stability of these vectors was examined in five different E. coli strains and Streptomyces lividans TK24. The stability test showed that the pSH19-derived shuttle vectors were stable in E. coli Stbl2 and S. lividans TK24. Heterologous expression experiments involving each of the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, nitrilase, and N-substituted formamide deformylase genes as a reporter gene showed that pESH19cF, pESH19kF, and pESH19aF possess inducible expression ability in S. lividans TK24. Thus, these vectors were found to be useful expression tools for experiments on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial genes.
Biblioteca Infantil e o Cachorro Pacheo (2000)

Cheguei ao INES em 1991, atraves de concurso, trazendo na mala muitas expectativas, curiosidades, vontade e preocupacao em saber como corresponder profissionalmente as necessidades do instituto'
Tracking of Moving Objects from a Moving Vehicle Using a Scanning Laser Rangefinder (2006)

The capability to use a moving sensor to detect moving objects and predict their future path enables both collision warning systems and autonomous navigation. This paper describes a system that combines linear feature extraction, tracking and a motion evaluator to accurately estimate motion of vehicles and pedestrians with a low rate of false motion reports. The tracker was used in a prototype collision warning system that was tested on two transit buses during 7000 km of regular passenger service
Non-data-aided signal-to-noise-ratio estimation (2003)

Non-data-aided (NDA) signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) estimation is considered for binary phase shift keying systems where the data samples are governed by a normal mixture distribution. Inherent estimation accuracy limitations are examined via a simple, closed-form approximation to the associated Cramer-Rao bound which eliminates the need for numerical integration. The expectation-maximization algorithm is proposed to iteratively maximize the NDA likelihood function. Simulation results show that the resulting estimator offers statistical efficiency over a wider range of scenarios than previously published methods.
Heteroepitaxy of Organic−Organic Nanostructures (2006)

Highly crystalline organic heteroepitaxial layers with controlled molecular orientations and morphologies are one of the keys for optimum organic device performance. With studies of molecular orientation, structure, and morphology, we have investigated the ability of oriented organic films to act as substrate templates for the growth of a second organic layer. Depending on the molecular orientation in the sexiphenyl substrate, crystalline sexithiophene nanostructures of either pyramidal or needlelike morphology, with either near vertical or parallel molecular orientations, respectively, grow.
Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases: a patent review (2010 – present) (2013)

Even though the role of each PLA(2) in different diseases or pathological conditions is not yet definitively identified, the progress in the quest for potent and selective PLA(2) inhibitors is exciting and the use of such inhibitors as medicinal agent looks now more promising than ever.
Levodopa-induced changes in synaptic dopamine levels increase with progression of Parkinson's disease: implications for dyskinesias (2004)

Peak-dose dyskinesias are abnormal movements that usually occur 1 h after oral administration of levodopa, and often complicate chronic treatment of Parkinson's disease. We investigated by PET with [11C]raclopride whether Parkinson's disease progression modifies the striatal changes in synaptic dopamine levels induced by levodopa administration, and whether this modification, if present, could have an impact on the emergence of dyskinesias. We found that, 1 h after oral administration of standard-release 250/25 mg of levodopa/carbidopa, levodopa-induced increases in synaptic dopamine levels (as estimated by striatal changes in [11C]raclopride binding potential) correlated positively with duration of Parkinson's disease symptoms (for the caudate nucleus, r = 0.79, P < 0.001; for the putamen, r = 0.88, P < 0.0001). Patients with peak-dose dyskinesias had larger 1-h increases in synaptic dopamine levels than stable responders, but there were no between-group differences in [11C]raclopride binding 4 h post-levodopa. The corresponding (time x group) interaction term in the repeated measures analysis of covariance was significant, even after adjusting for between-group differences in duration of Parkinson's disease symptoms (for the caudate nucleus, P = 0.030; for the putamen, P = 0.021). Our results indicate that, at the synaptic level, an identical dose of levodopa induces increasingly larger 1-h changes in dopamine levels as Parkinson's disease progresses. Large levodopa-induced increases in synaptic dopamine concentration can lead to dramatic changes in receptor occupancy, which may be responsible for the emergence of peak-dose dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease.
Workload-Based Wavelet Synopses (2005)

This paper introduces workload-based wavelet synopses, which exploit query workload information to significantly boost accuracy in approximate query processing. We show that wavelet synopses can adapt effectively to workload information, and that they have significant advantages over previous approaches. An important aspect of our approach is optimizing synopses constructions toward error metrics defined by workload information, rather than based on some uniform metrics. We present an adaptive greedy algorithm which is simple and efficient. It is run-time competitive to previous, non-workload based algorithms, and constructs workload-based wavelet synopses that are significantly more accurate than previous synopses. The algorithm also obtains improved accuracy for non-workload case when the error metric is the mean relative error. We also present a self-tuning algorithm that adapts the workload-based synopses to changes in the workload. All algorithms are extended to workload-based multidimensional wavelet synopses with improved performance over previous algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of workload-based wavelet synopses for different types of data sets and query workloads, and show significant improvement in accuracy even with very small training sets. 1
Novel waveguide structures for enhanced fiber grating devices (2001)

An emerging class of fiber waveguide structures is being used to increase the functionality of fiber gratings, enabling new devices critical to the performance of next generation light-wave communications systems. These devices rely on advances in the fabrication of optical fiber waveguides, which go beyond the conventional doped silica design and fall into two general categories: 1) local modifications to the waveguide after fabrication and 2) fibers drawn with modified claddings that include nonsilica regions throughout their length. This paper provides a comprehensive review of emerging fiber waveguide structures that enhance the functionality of optical fiber grating devices. Two examples of technologies that fall into the first category are thin metal films deposited onto the cladding surface, which can be used for thermal tuning and infusion of nonsilica materials into the air regions, which change the waveguide structure and can provide enhanced tunability. The second category is typified by air-silica microstructured optical fibers, which contain air-voids that run along the length of the fiber. These fibers have unique cladding mode properties that can be exploited in fiber grating based devices.
Differential expression of VEGF‐A and angiopoietins in cartilage tumors and regulation by interleukin‐1β (2006)

Angiogenic signaling in cartilage tumors is variable and at least partly regulable by IL-1beta. The findings are of therapeutic relevance, either as a desired effect or a side effect in medical treatment.
Rational sampling rate conversion structures with minimum delay requirements (1992)

Recent developments on multirate system design show that a rational (L/M) sampling rate conversion system can be reconfigured into a three-dimensional polyphase structure. However, the delay requirements associated with each subfilter path in such a structure have not sufficiently been considered. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the delay requirements, and shows that a reduction by a factor of L on the number of data stores can be achieved. A design approach is introduced for efficient structures based on the minimisation of the total number of delay units. Two transformation rules are derived which directly lead to a homogeneous system configuration. This approach is general and simple so that any rational sampling rate conversion system can be specified by a set of parameters calculated by a small computer program. A hardware implementation is also presented, which demonstrates the usefulness of the present approach.
Detecting repeated motion patterns via Dynamic Programming using motion density (2009)

In this paper, we propose a method that detects repeated motion patterns in a long motion sequence efficiently. Repeated motion patterns are the structured information that can be obtained without knowledge of the context of motions. They can be used as a seed to find causal relationships between motions or to obtain contextual information of human activity, which is useful for intelligent systems that support human activity in everyday environment. The major contribution of the proposed method is two-fold: (1) motion density is proposed as a repeatability measure and (2) the problem of finding consecutive time frames with large motion density is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem which is solved via Dynamic Programming (DP) in polynomial time O(N log N) where N is the total amount of data. The proposed method was evaluated by detecting repeated interactions between objects in everyday manipulation tasks and outperformed the previous method in terms of both detectability and computational time.
Side effects of praziquantel in bilharzial children on a field level. (1990)

For studying the side effects of praziquantel in children with active intestinal bilharziasis 6 groups of children were followed: group P-1 (active intestinal bilharziasis +/- hepatosplenomegaly). They were treated with praziquantel (40 mg/Kg b.w. orally every 6 months). group P-2 (children with active mansoniasis +/- hepatosplenomegaly. They were treated with an initial full dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) to be followed by suppressive dose (20 mg/kg) at 3-months intervals, group P-3 (school children with active mansoniasis +/- hepatosplenomegaly). Initial loading praziquantel dose was followed by suppressive dose at monthly intervals, group N-1 (non-bilharzial children given an oral monthly praziquantel prophylactic dose of 20 mg/kg, group N-2 (non-bilharzial children given an oral 3-monthly praziquantel prophylactic dose of 20 mg/kg), group N-3 (non-bilharzial school children given an oral placebo in the form of vitamin B complex tablets at 3-monthly intervals. Surveillance for praziquantel adverse reactions for all these groups was done. It revealed that the adverse reactions were nausea, vomiting, abdominal colic, diarrhea, dizziness, headache and pyrexia. These were noticed more after full therapeutic praziquantel dose than half doses (subcurative or prophylactic) & among bilharzial children than non-bilharzial cases. As regards school children with active urinary hematobiasis 3 groups were followed: Group 1 (school children with active urinary hematobiasis treated with praziquantel orally 40 mg/kg b.w. every 6 months). Group 2 (non-bilharzial school children given oral monthly prophylactic dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. praziquantel). Group 3 (non-bilharzial school children given oral placebo in the form of two vitamin B-complex tablets monthly).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Metabolic aspects of the role of hyperthermia im mammalian cell inactivation and their possible relevance to cancer treatment. (1974)

Summary The importance of the metabolic state of Chinese hamster cells (HA1) in relation to the sensitivity of the cells to supranormal heat shock (43°) was investigated, and the following results were noted. 1.The sensitivity of cells to hyperthermia (as well as their ability to repair heat-induced damage after 43°) is strongly related to their nutritional history. Chinese hamster cells chronically deprived of serum (and probably other medium components) become extremely heat sensitive. 2.The role of oxygen and glucose may be less important; chronic or acute deprivation of oxygen has only minor influence on survival of exponentially growing or plateauphase cells. Similar conclusions appear to be true for variations in available glucose concentrations. 3.An appreciable fraction of cells killed by heat in the absence of serum lyse either during or shortly after heat exposure. The presence of serum inhibits the lysis process. 4.At temperatures of 41–43°, cells are sensitized to the chemotherapeutic agents, nitrogen mustard and bleomycin, but not to a nitrosourea. This sensitization may be related to repair inhibition at the elevated temperatures. The importance of these findings in the possible utilization of hyperthermia as an adjunct to conventional therapy is discussed.
A large-scale trust-region approach to the regularization of discrete ill-posed problems (1999)

A Large--Scale Trust--Region Approach to the Regularization of Discrete Ill--Posed Problems by Marielba Rojas We consider the problem of computing the solution of large--scale discrete ill-- posed problems when there is noise in the data. These problems arise in important areas such as seismic inversion, medical imaging and signal processing. We pose the problem as a quadratically constrained least squares problem and develop a method for the solution of such problem. Our method does not require factorization of the coefficient matrix, it has very low storage requirements and handles the high degree of singularities arising in discrete ill--posed problems. We present numerical results on test problems and an application of the method to a practical problem with real data. Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor Professor Danny C. Sorensen for the opportunity to work with him and benefit from his guidance and for giving me such an interesting problem to work on. Danny always ...
A Z-source sparse matrix converter with a fuzzy logic controller based compensation method under abnormal input voltage conditions (2010)

A novel Z-source sparse matrix converter (ZSMC) is developed based on the structure of a sparse matrix converter (SMC) to reduce the number of unipolar power semiconductor switches. It also employs a Z-source network to overcome the inherent limitation of the low voltage transfer ratio of the conventional matrix converter. The ZSMC still, however, connects a three-phase voltage source to a three-phase load without energy storage elements at the dc-link. Although there are several passive components at the dc-link, these are not for suppressing voltage and current ripples, but mainly for utilizing buck-boost features of the Z-source network. Therefore, the output of the ZSMC is directly affected by the disturbance or unbalance in the input voltage. In this paper, the operational principle of the ZSMC is described and the behavior of the ZSMC under abnormal input voltage conditions is investigated. A compensation method based on a fuzzy logic controller is presented to improve the output performance of the ZSMC under abnormal input voltage conditions. The simulation results are shown to demonstrate the validity of the compensation method.
A General Optimization-based Framework for Local Odometry Estimation with Multiple Sensors (2019)

Nowadays, more and more sensors are equipped on robots to increase robustness and autonomous ability. We have seen various sensor suites equipped on different platforms, such as stereo cameras on ground vehicles, a monocular camera with an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) on mobile phones, and stereo cameras with an IMU on aerial robots. Although many algorithms for state estimation have been proposed in the past, they are usually applied to a single sensor or a specific sensor suite. Few of them can be employed with multiple sensor choices. In this paper, we proposed a general optimization-based framework for odometry estimation, which supports multiple sensor sets. Every sensor is treated as a general factor in our framework. Factors which share common state variables are summed together to build the optimization problem. We further demonstrate the generality with visual and inertial sensors, which form three sensor suites (stereo cameras, a monocular camera with an IMU, and stereo cameras with an IMU). We validate the performance of our system on public datasets and through real-world experiments with multiple sensors. Results are compared against other state-of-the-art algorithms. We highlight that our system is a general framework, which can easily fuse various sensors in a pose graph optimization. Our implementations are open source\footnote{https://github.com/HKUST-Aerial-Robotics/VINS-Fusion}.