gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hemoglobin HbO Associates with Membranes and Stimulates Cellular Respiration of RecombinantEscherichia coli (2002)

The truncated hemoglobins HbN and HbO of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv share little sequence similarity and display structural differences in their EF-loop regions, suggesting distinct function(s) for these hemoglobins. HbO of M. tuberculosis was expressed in Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis as a 14.5-kDa homodimeric heme protein exhibiting nearly 50-fold (P(50) approximately 0.51) lower oxygen affinity than HbN. 40-50% of HbO remained associated with the cell membranes and significantly enhanced its respiration in comparison with the membrane fractions of control cells or cells overproducing HbN. Oxygen uptake of HbO-associated membranes was decreased by washing and restored by adding HbO. Additionally, membrane vesicles prepared from terminal oxidase-deficient (cyo(-), cyd(-)) mutants of E. coli did not exhibit significant enhancement in oxygen uptake in the presence of HbO, suggesting its interaction(s) with the electron transport chain. Expression of HbO in Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin, an experimental model of M. tuberculosis, was observed (0.2-0.5% of total cellular proteins) throughout its aerobic growth. These results provided evidence for the involvement of HbO with the component of aerobic electron transport chain, suggesting that its function may be related to the facilitation of oxygen transfer during aerobic metabolism of M. tuberculosis. Membrane association properties of HbO may thus play a crucial role in sequestering oxygen and facilitating its availability to internalized M. tuberculosis (an obligate aerobe) under the hypoxic conditions of its intracellular habitat.
Alternative splicing of RNA transcripts encoded by the murine p105 NF-kappa B gene generates I kappa B gamma isoforms with different inhibitory activities. (1994)

The gene encoding the 105-kDa protein (p105) precursor of the p50 subunit of transcription factor NF-kappa B also encodes a p70 I kappa B protein, I kappa B gamma, which is identical to the C-terminal 607 amino acids of p105. Here we show that alternative RNA splicing generates I kappa B gamma isoforms with properties different from those of p70. One 63-kDa isoform, termed I kappa B gamma-1, which lacks 59 amino acids C-terminal to ankyrin repeat 7, has a novel 35-amino acid C terminus encoded by an alternative reading frame of the p105 gene. A 55-kDa isoform, I kappa B gamma-2, lacks the 190 C-terminal amino acids of p70I kappa B gamma. In contrast to p70I kappa B gamma, which is a cytoplasmic protein, I kappa B gamma-1 is found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas I kappa B gamma-2 is predominantly nuclear. The I kappa B gamma isoforms also display differences in specificity and affinity for Rel/NF-kappa B proteins. While p70I kappa B gamma inhibits p50-, p65-, and c-Rel-mediated transactivation and/or DNA binding, both I kappa B gamma-1 and I kappa B gamma-2 are specific for p50 and have different affinities for this subunit. The absence in I kappa B gamma-1 and I kappa B gamma-2 of a protein kinase A site whose phosphorylation modulates p70I kappa B gamma inhibitory activity suggests that alternative RNA splicing may be used to generate I kappa B gamma isoforms that respond differently to intracellular signals.
Relationship Marketing in the New Economy (2002)

Abstract This article aims to put relationship marketing in the context of the New Economy; it is a quest for valid and practical theory. It is preoccupied with the reigning marketing management paradigm and a shift to a relationship marketing paradigm. A systemic view, referred to as total relationship marketing, is presented together with the core values and beliefs of relationship marketing. The article concludes that relationship marketing is fundamentally different from traditional marketing management and that successful implementation requires new mindsets.
Oxygen in the Sea Bottom Measured with a Microelectrode (1980)

The depth of penetration of oxygen into coastal marine sediments (water depth, 4 to 44 meters; 6° to 10°C) varied from 1 to 5.5 millimeters, as measured with membrane-covered oxygen microelectrodes. Below these upper few millimeters, oxygen was present only in the immediate vicinity of animal burrows. The depth of oxygen penetration is related to the rate at which oxygen is consumed in the sediment.
Molecular structure and polymerization mechanism of poly(vinyl chloride-co-carbon monoxide) (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular structure and polymerization mechanism of poly(vinyl chloride-co-carbon monoxide)Lyle D. Wescott Jr., Gilberto M. Villacorta, Frederic C. Schilling, Irene M. Plitz, and William H. Starnes Jr.Cite this: Macromolecules 1984, 17, 12, 2501–2507Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00142a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00142a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fibroblast growth factor: Structural and biological properties (1987)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and acidic FGF are two closely related peptides that are multifunctional. They control proliferation, differentiation, and various other cellular functions in cells derived from the mesoderm and the neuroectoderm. The structural properties, genomic organization, and biological functions of both peptides in vitro or in vivo are reviewed. Their marked ability to enhance formation of connective tissue and vascular capillaries, as well as their involvement in limb regeneration, suggest several possible therapeutic applications.
Dysregulated Myelopoiesis in Mice Lacking Jak3 (1999)

Jak3 is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that associates with the common chain of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor and is involved in the function of the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. Mice deficient in Jak3 have few T and B cells, and no natural killer cells. Herein we show that the myeloid lineages in these mice are also affected by the loss of Jak3. Mice lacking Jak3 exhibit splenomegaly by 4 months of age. Peripheral blood smears show an increase in the number of neutrophils and cells of the monocytic lineage. Flow cytometry of splenocytes and peripheral blood show a significant increase in FcgammaRII/III(FcgammaR)/Mac-1, FcgammaR/Gr-1, and FcgammaR/F4/80 double-positive cells in -/- and +/- mice compared to wild-type mice, consistent with an expansion of cells of the myeloid lineages. In addition, as the mice age, F4/80 and CD3 positive mononuclear cells infiltrate the kidneys, lungs, and liver of these mice. When Jak3-/- mice are crossed with a transgenic mouse expressing Jak3 in the T and NK cell compartments, the splenomegaly and myeloid expansion are accentuated. These data correlate with the constitutive activation of T cells in the periphery as the transgenic cells lose their expression of Jak3 with age. However, when Jak3-/- mice are crossed with RAG-1-deficient animals, no splenomegaly or myeloid expansion is apparent. These results indicate that the loss of Jak3 in the T-cell compartment drives the expansion of the myeloid lineages.
Longitudinal comparison of temporal-modulation perimetry with white-on-white and blue-on-yellow perimetry in ocular hypertension and early glaucoma (1993)

We obtained data over 3 years on temporal-modulation perimetry (TMP), standard automated [white-on-white (W/W)] perimetry, and short-wavelength-sensitive [blue-on-yellow (B/Y)] perimetry in ocular hypertensive (OH) patients and patients with early glaucomatous visual-field loss (EG). Evidence of visual-field defects was obtained with the use of both B/Y perimetry and TMP in the majority of OH and EG eyes that demonstrated progression on W/W perimetry as well as in all stable EG eyes. Using the nerve-fiber-bundle pattern to compare testing procedures, we determined that these defects were generally as extensive or more extensive than the concurrent W/W abnormalities. In terms of location over the 3 years of testing, TMP and B/Y defects were reasonably consistent in the EG eyes, somewhat less consistent in the OH eyes demonstrating progression, and both inconsistent and infrequent in the stable OH eyes. The greatest degree of overlap occurred between the location of defects obtained by use of the higher TMP frequencies (8 and 16 Hz) and that of defects obtained by use of B/Y perimetry. Since these two methods are thought to isolate different visual mechanisms subserved by different visual pathways, these results suggest that early glaucomatous visual-field damage as revealed by TMP and B/Y perimetry may not be specific to a single visual pathway.
PDE4 inhibitors 1998 (1998)

The search for novel phosphodiesterase Type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors is currently one of the most active fields within the pharmaceutical industry. Recent progress in the clinical development of PDE4 inhibitors is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on those patents published within the past two years, highlighting the novel structural classes of PDE4 inhibitors reported.
Integrated Methanol Fuel Processors for Portable Fuel Cell Systems (2005)

To meet the growing needs of the U.S. military for portable power, Battelle, Pacific Northwest Division (Battelle) is developing a portable power system designed to provide 100-150 watts of electric power for tomorrow's soldier. Battelle's patented micro-channel process technology and highly active and selective steam reforming catalysts enable devices that are small and light, and provide a reliable stream of hydrogen-rich gas to power small proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Fuel processors developed under this project, and operating on methanol, have achieved thermal efficiencies of up to 85%, yielding outputs up to 300 We, and providing projected energy densities of up to 2300 Whr/kg fuel. This work was sponsored by the U.S. Army Communications-Electronics Command and the Office of Naval Research.
A Study of the Thorpe-Ziegler Reaction in Very Mild Conditions (1984)

Abstract The Thorpe-Ziegler reaction has been used in the preparation of enaminonitriles and cyclic ketones for many years. A wide variety of bases1 have been employed to acomplish this reaction, the most effective being the alkali metal salts of aralkyl amines. The reaction conditions vary from room temperature to toluene reflux temperature for long periods of time1.
Three-dimensional structures of magnetostatic atmospheres. III - A general formulation (1991)

This paper presents a mathematical description of the three-dimensional structures of static, magnetized atmospheres in terms of the electric-current flux surfaces. In the first paper of this series, a class of three-dimensional magnetostatic states was presented. These states are characterized by electric currents flowing perpendicular to gravity which was taken to be either uniform in space or spherically symmetric about a point mass. A limitation of these solutions is that the magnetic field in general cannot have a net twist. The new formulation generalizes these solutions in two significant ways, namely, to allow for other general potential body forces than the special gravitational forces assumed in the first paper and to include the presence of a net magnetic twist. This theoretical development opens up opportunities in modeling realistic solar magnetic fields as well as other astrophysical magnetic fields. The obliquely rotating magnetosphere and self-gravitating magnetized plasma clouds are two astrophysical examples for which the governing equations are derived. The complete analytic solution to a specific problem is presented, which illustrates the anchoring of a fully three-dimensional force-free magnetic field in the solar atmosphere to the base of the atmosphere through a non-force-free boundary layer where the magnetic field interacts strongly with the plasma. This and a rich variety of other three-dimensional magnetic fields will be studied in the subsequent papers of this series.
Circulator-based interference reduction method for WiMAX system and Wi-Fi system in shared band (2009)

Performance of a collocated system containing WiMax and Wi-Fi systems in a single device is analyzed for two cases: collaborative and non-collaborative. In order to reduce the mutual interference between Wi-Fi and WiMAX system in the collocated system, a circulator-based collocated system is proposed and its performance is analyzed with simulation.
Glycoprotein 2 (GP2) (2010)

Membranous (M) cells are specialized epithelial antigen-transporting cells scattered in the follicle-associated epithelium covering the gut lymphoid follicles such as Peyer's patches. Although the importance of M cells as a main portal for luminal antigens has long been recognized, molecular mechanisms for M-cell antigen uptake has remained largely elusive. We have recently found that glycoprotein 2 (GP2) is exclusively expressed on M cells among intestinal epithelial cells and serves as an uptake receptor for a subset of commensal and pathogenic bacteria. GP2 interacts with FimH, a major component of the type 1 pilus on the outer membrane of a subset of gram-negative enterobacilli such as E. coli and Salmonella enterica. Furthermore, GP2-FimH interaction is necessary for efficient uptake of FimH(+) bacteria by M cells and subsequent bacteria-specific mucosal immune responses. Pancreatic GP2 may also be involved in innate immunity by 'opsonization' of FimH(+) bacteria to facilitate their egestion in feces as well as translocation across the intestinal epithelium.
Lead Glass Čerenkov Radiation Photon Spectrometer (1957)

A spectrometer for analyzing photons of energies extending up to several Bev has been constructed and used successfully. This instrument essentially consists of a cylinder of glass, 12-in. diam and 14-in. long containing 52% of PbO, viewed by four 5-in. diam photomultipliers. High-energy photons incident along the spectrometer axis produce electron showers in the transparent high-Z glass. The total Čerenkov radiation emitted by these electrons and detected by the phototubes is nearly proportional to the energy of the incident photon, from 50 Mev to at least 1.4 Bev. The spectrometer has been calibrated over this range of photon energies by the pulses produced by electrons of the same energies. Above 200 Mev the measured energy resolution of the spectrometer is 30% and is approximately independent of energy. For elimination of incident charged particles during the analysis of γ rays the spectrometer is operated in coincidence with a preceding photon-identifying counter system.
Iterative pose estimation using coplanar points (2002)

A new method is presented for the computation of the position and orientation of a camera with respect to a known object, using four or more coplanar feature points. Starting under the scaled orthographic projection approximation, this method iteratively refines up to two different pose estimates, and provides associated quality measures. When the distance of the object to the camera is large, or when the accuracy of the feature point extraction is low, both pose estimates are plausible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Overexpression of Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Transmembrane Peptides in <i>Escherichia coli</i> through a Calmodulin-Peptide Fusion System (2016)

In recent years, the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a serious health concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important component of the innate immune system of most organisms. A better understanding of their structures and mechanisms of action would lead to the design of more potent and safer AMPs as alternatives for current antibiotics. For detailed investigations, effective recombinant production which allows the facile modification of the amino acid sequence, the introduction of unnatural amino acids, and labeling with stable isotopes for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies is desired. Several expression strategies have been introduced in previous reports; however, their effectiveness has been limited to a select few AMPs. Here, we have studied calmodulin (CaM) as a more universal carrier protein to express many types of AMPs in E. coli. We have discovered that the unique architecture of CaM, consisting of two independent target binding domains with malleable methionine-rich interaction surfaces, can accommodate numerous amino acid sequences containing basic and hydrophobic residues. This effectively masks the toxic antimicrobial activities of many amphipathic AMPs and protects them from degradation during expression and purification. Here, we demonstrate the expression of various AMPs using a CaM-fusion expression system, including melittin, fowlicidin-1, tritrpticin, indolicidin, puroindoline A peptide, magainin II F5W, lactoferrampin B, MIP3α51-70, and human β-defensin 3 (HBD-3), the latter requiring three disulfide bonds for proper folding. In addition, our approach was extended to the transmembrane domain of the cell adhesion protein l-selectin. We propose the use of the CaM-fusion system as a universal approach to express many cationic amphipathic peptides that are normally toxic and would kill the bacterial host cells.
Design Framework for Soft-Error-Resilient Sequential Cells (2011)

This paper presents a design framework for soft-error-resilient sequential cells, by introducing a new sequential cell called LEAP-DICE and evaluating it against existing circuit techniques in the “soft error resilience-power-delay-area” design space in an 180 nm CMOS test chip. LEAP-DICE, which employs both circuit and layout techniques, achieved the best soft error performance with a 2,000X improvement over the reference D flip-flop with moderate design costs. This study also discovered new soft error effects related to operating conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF AMINO ACID ESTERS INTO N‐HYDROXYAMINO ACID DERIVATIVES (1974)

Abstract Die Kondensation der Aminosäuren (I) mit Benzaldehyd (II) führt zu Iminen (III), die mit m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure zu (IV) oxidiert und dann sauer in (V) umgelagert werden.
Prominent use of distal 5′ transcription start sites and discovery of a large number of additional exons in ENCODE regions (2007)

This report presents systematic empirical annotation of transcript products from 399 annotated protein-coding loci across the 1% of the human genome targeted by the Encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE) pilot project using a combination of 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and high-density resolution tiling arrays. We identified previously unannotated and often tissue- or cell-line-specific transcribed fragments (RACEfrags), both 5' distal to the annotated 5' terminus and internal to the annotated gene bounds for the vast majority (81.5%) of the tested genes. Half of the distal RACEfrags span large segments of genomic sequences away from the main portion of the coding transcript and often overlap with the upstream-annotated gene(s). Notably, at least 20% of the resultant novel transcripts have changes in their open reading frames (ORFs), most of them fusing ORFs of adjacent transcripts. A significant fraction of distal RACEfrags show expression levels comparable to those of known exons of the same locus, suggesting that they are not part of very minority splice forms. These results have significant implications concerning (1) our current understanding of the architecture of protein-coding genes; (2) our views on locations of regulatory regions in the genome; and (3) the interpretation of sequence polymorphisms mapping to regions hitherto considered to be "noncoding," ultimately relating to the identification of disease-related sequence alterations.
Expression systems and developments in plant‐made vaccines (2005)

Delivery of vaccines to mucosal surfaces can elicit humoral and cell-mediated responses of the mucosal and systemic immune systems, evoke less pain and discomfort than parenteral delivery, and eliminate needle-associated risks. Transgenic plants are an ideal means by which to produce oral vaccines, as the rigid walls of the plant cell protect antigenic proteins from the acidic environment of the stomach, enabling intact antigen to reach the gut associated lymphoid tissue. In the past few years, new techniques (such as chloroplast transformation and food processing) have improved antigen concentration in transgenic plants. In addition, adjuvants and targeting proteins have increased the immunogenicity of mucosally administered plant-made vaccines. These studies have moved plant-made vaccines closer to the development phase.
Live-fire fault test of SVC: a lesson in power quality (1995)

There`s only one way to be certain that a static VAr compensation (SVC) system will really help support system voltage in an emergency. That is with a live-fire test. Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), recently discovered that such a test, is extremely complicated to organize and conduct. But in addition to proving the value of the SVC, the test has much to teach both utilities and customers about the security of their networks. This paper discusses the preparations, instrumentation, customer concerns and response, planning, end results, and lessons from the test. 5 figs.