gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vitreal delivery of AAV vectored Cnga3 restores cone function in CNGA3-/-/Nrl-/- mice, an all-cone model of CNGA3 achromatopsia (2015)

The CNGA3(-/-)/Nrl(-/-) mouse is a cone-dominant model with Cnga3 channel deficiency, which partially mimics the all cone foveal structure of human achromatopsia 2 with CNGA3 mutations. Although subretinal (SR) AAV vector administration can transfect retinal cells efficiently, the injection-induced retinal detachment can cause retinal damage, particularly when SR vector bleb includes the fovea. We therefore explored whether cone function-structure could be rescued in CNGA3(-/-)/Nrl(-/-) mice by intravitreal (IVit) delivery of tyrosine to phenylalanine (Y-F) capsid mutant AAV8. We find that AAV-mediated CNGA3 expression can restore cone function and rescue structure following IVit delivery of AAV8 (Y447, 733F) vector. Rescue was assessed by restoration of the cone-mediated electroretinogram (ERG), optomotor responses, and cone opsin immunohistochemistry. Demonstration of gene therapy in a cone-dominant mouse model by IVit delivery provides a potential alternative vector delivery mode for safely transducing foveal cones in achromatopsia patients and in other human retinal diseases affecting foveal function.
Low-voltage MOBILE logic module based on Si/SiGe interband tunnelling diodes (2001)

Si/SiGe interband tunnelling diodes have been grown by MBE on high resistivity (n/sup -/) silicon substrates. The device enables a very low voltage, high-speed logic on a silicon substrate. A novel self-aligned diode is processed using optical lithography and dopant-selective wet chemical etching. A maximum speed index for a 60 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> anode area device is evaluated to 2.2 ns/V resulting in a switching speed of 0.5 ns. A logic latch built of two series connected diodes (MOBILE principle) is demonstrated, showing very robust logic operation at a supply voltage as low as 0.3 V. The used technology may be employed for a co-integration with both SiGe heterostructure bipolar- and field-effect transistor technology and may contribute to future low-voltage high speed logic on Si substrates.
Liver Regeneration in Health and Disease (1996)

Liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy results in proliferation of virtually all of the cells in the remnant liver, leading to restitution of mass within a few days. The regenerating liver maintains its functional capacity, and liver-specific factors, such as C/EBP's, continue to be expressed. Growth-induced transcription factors Stat3 and NF-KB regulate the expression of growth-response genes, ultimately leading to cell growth. Although well-modulated levels of cytokines may promote liver regeneration posthepatectomy, aberrant production of cytokines that can be seen in hepatitis, cirrhosis, and after liver transplantation may lead to hepatomas, fibrosis, and liver failure.
Spatio-temporal scalability based on motion-compensated DCT temporal filters (2009)

In this paper, a motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) framework based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is proposed and named MCDCT-TF. It is able to employ filters of any length with particular emphasis on 5/3 DCT and 7/4 DCT. The proposed MCDCT-TF and the two-dimensional (2-D) DCT decimation technique are incorporated into H.264/AVC to provide spatio-temporal scalability. Compared with the current MCTF schemes such as Haar, and 5/3 wavelet filters, simulation results show that the proposed MCDCT-TF utilizing longer tap DCT filters achieves a significant improvement in coding gain. Moreover, the performance gap between the presented scalable video coding and the single layer H.264/AVC is small. However, the presented spatio-temporal coding scheme outperforms the spatio-temporal supported in JSVM.
In small doses (2003)

Many drugs commonly prescribed for children have not been subjected to the rigorous testing that is mandatory for adults. Alison Moore reports
Removal of the Discoloring Contaminants of an East Georgia Kaolin Clay and its Dewatering (2002)

The present study deals with flotation, selective flocculation, leaching and dewatering tests conducted on East Georgia kaolin clay. Flotation and selective flocculation tests were performed on the samples to remove titanium impurities (TiO2) using different reagents at pH 9.5. The leaching tests were applied to the treated samples to dissolve the iron impurities (Fe2O3) in the presence of sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4) and alum (Al2(SO4)3.18H2O) at pH 3.0. The test results showed that the brightness of the samples improved from approximately 82% to 91% . After that, the leached samples were conditioned with dodecylamine, and then a newly developed dewatering aid was added to the slurry to make the fine clay particles super hydrophobic. It was found that the moisture content of the clay sample decreased from 42.3% to 31.4% . As a result, it can be concluded that the high quality and low moisture content of the kaolin clay can be easily used for many industries.
Discriminating the reaction types of plant type III polyketide synthases (2017)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Synthesis, micellar structures, and multifunctional sensory properties of poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐<i>block</i>‐poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) rod‐coil diblock copolymers (2010)

Abstract We report the synthesis, micellar structures, and multifunctional sensory properties of new conjugated rod‐coil block copolymers, poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐ block ‐poly(2‐(di methylamino)ethylmethacrylate)(P3HT‐ b ‐PDMAEMA). The new copolymers, synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of P3HT macroinitiator, consisted PDMAEMA coil lengths of 43, 65, and 124 repeating units. All the P3HT‐ b ‐PDMAEMA copolymers exhibit a similar low critical solution temperature in water around 33 °C. The micellar structures of the synthesized polymers were characterized by AFM, TEM, and dynamic light scattering, by varying temperature, pH, and water/THF composition. The micelles of P3HT 20 ‐ b ‐PDMAEMA 43 in water had a reversible size change from 75 ± 5 nm to 132 ± 5 nm on heating from 25 to 55 °C and reduced to the original size during cooling. In addition, the micellar size also showed a significant pH dependence, changing from 67 ± 8 nm (pH = 12) to 222 ± 6 nm (pH = 4), depending on the protonation of the PDMAEMA blocks and their electrostatic repulsion. The micellar structure of three P3HT‐ b ‐PDMAEMA copolymers changed from spheres, to vesicles, and finally to larger sphere micelles as the solvent composition varied from 0 to 100 wt % water in the mixed solvent. The different micellar structures of P3HT 20 ‐ b ‐PDMAEMA 43 solution led to a red‐shift on the absorption or photoluminescence spectra and exhibited the emission colors of yellow, orange, red, and dark red with increasing the water content. This study suggested that new copolymers had potential applications as multifunctional sensory materials toward temperature, pH, and solvent. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
A Viable Anionic N-Heterocyclic Dicarbene (2010)

The first anionic N-heterocyclic dicarbene, polymeric [:C{[N(2,6-Pr(i)(2)C(6)H(3))](2)CHCLi(THF)}](n) 1, containing both normal (C2) and abnormal carbene (C4) centers in the same five-membered imidazole ring (III), has been prepared by lithiation of the imidazole monocarbene, :C{N(2,6-Pr(i)(2)C(6)H(3))CH}(2). The dicarbene nature of 1 was unambiguously demonstrated by the formation of the group 13 Lewis acid adducts (THF)(2)Li:C{[N(2,6-Pr(i)(2)C(6)H(3))](2)CHC(LA)}, where LA = AlMe(3) [2·(THF)(2)] and BEt(3) [3·(THF)(2)].
Antibiotic Metabolites from a Marine Pseudomonad (1977)

An antibiotic-producing pseudomonad was isolated from a seawater sample from a La Jolla, Calif., tidepool. The pseudomonad produces two novel antibacterial compounds, 2-n-pentyl-4-quinolinol and 2-n-heptyl-4-quinolinol. It also synthesizes indole-3-carboxaldehyde, 6-bromoindole-3-carboxaldehyde, and the known antibiotic p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Each of these compounds was identified by analysis of spectral data, and the structures were confirmed by synthesis or comparison with authentic samples.
Ice detection on a road by analyzing tire to road friction ultrasonic noise (2007)

A preliminary investigation of black ice on a road detection technique was performed. This technique is based on the assumption that it might be possible to judge about the presents of the ice from tire to road friction ultrasonic noise. The system was built and installed in a test car to measure the ultrasonic noise in a 20 to 120 kHz spectrum range. Multiple experiments were performed at different road conditions with and without ice at various speeds. An increase of ultrasonic noise amplitude was found on icy surface in all informative spectrum range.
Snoezelen: Its Long-Term and Short-Term Effects on Older People with Dementia (1997)

A randomised controlled trial was conducted to investigate the long-term and short-term effects of the Snoezelen environment on the behaviour, mood and cognition of elderly patients with dementia, and to gain an understanding of the processes occurring within Snoezelen. Patients participated in either eight Snoezelen or eight activity sessions. Pre-trial, mid-trial, post-trial and follow-up assessments were carried out at home and at the day hospital. Ratings of behaviour and mood were also made before, during and after each session. In the long term, the main benefits for Snoezelen patients were in the domain of socially disturbed behaviour. In the home setting, there was a highly significant difference between the two groups in favour of Snoezelen, and in the hospital setting it was nearly significant. Short-term improvements in behaviour and mood were evident for both groups after sessions, and communication was significantly better during Snoezelen sessions in comparison with activity sessions. The processes occurring within Snoezelen sessions seemed to involve facilitation of verbal expression and memory recall.
5-methoxy-<i>N,N</i>-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) used in a naturalistic group setting is associated with unintended improvements in depression and anxiety (2019)

Future prospective controlled clinical pharmacology studies should examine the safety and efficacy of 5-MeO-DMT administration for relieving depression and anxiety.
Bt Cotton, Pesticide Use and Environmental Efficiency in Pakistan (2014)

Abstract There is a broad literature on the impact of Bt cotton adoption in different countries, but few studies have explicitly looked at environmental and health effects from an economic perspective. We analyse the impact of Bt cotton on environmental efficiency in Pakistan, using farm survey data and a doubly heteroskedastic stochastic production function framework. Negative environmental and health effects of chemical pesticide use are quantified with the environmental impact quotient. Bt‐adopting farms have higher cotton yields, while using lower pesticide quantities and causing less environmental damage. Bt farms are both technically and environmentally more efficient than non‐Bt farms. Bt adoption increases environmental efficiency by 37%. Achieving the same reduction in negative environmental and health impact without Bt would cost conventional cotton farmers US $ 54 per acre in terms of foregone yields and revenues (7% of total revenues). Extrapolating this shadow price of the technology's health and environmental benefits to the total Bt cotton area in Pakistan results in an aggregate value of US $ 370 million. These benefits are in addition to the profit gains for Bt‐adopting farmers. Our results suggest that Bt technology can contribute to sustainable agricultural development.
A graph based knowledge retrieval system (2002)

The development of a natural language knowledge retrieval (NLKR) system of building an intelligent help prototype is outlined. The objectives of NLKR systems are defined. A general architecture, the main components of which are a semantic interpreter, a query processor, and a natural language generator, is proposed. The current implementation of an NLKR system, called GKR (graph-based knowledge retrieval) system, is described. The GKR system is based on the use of conceptual graphs as a knowledge representation scheme. Query processing is treated as a graph matching process, and retrieval is performed by a semantic-based search. The query processor uses an algorithm that automatically generates additional queries (subgoals) in conceptual graph form. The GKR system is implemented in Prolog. Its possible integration into hypertext environments is described. Related work is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lanthanide complexes of a new sterically hindered potentially hexadentate podand ligand based on a tris(pyrazolyl)borate core; crystal structures, solution structures and luminescence properties (1999)

The new podand ligand hydrotris[3-(6-methyl)pyridin-2-ylpyrazol-1-yl]borate [L1]– was prepared which contains three bidentate pyrazolyl/pyridine arms attached to a {BH}– head-group. This ligand differs from an earlier ligand hydrotris[3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazol-1-yl]borate [L2]– by the presence of methyl groups attached to the C6 positions of the pyridyl rings, which would interfere with each other sterically if the ligand co-ordinated in a fully hexadentate manner. Instead, crystallographic analysis of the complexes [M(L1)(NO3)2(H2O)] (M = Eu, Tb or Gd) showed that partial dissociation of the podand occurs to relieve this potential steric problem: either one or two of the pyridyl groups are not co-ordinated, such that [L1]– is penta- or tetra-dentate, but instead are involved in intramolecular N· · ·H–O hydrogen-bonding interactions with the co-ordinated water molecule. The presence of both structural forms in single crystals of the gadolinium and europium complexes shows that interconversion between them in solution must be facile. Variable-temperature 1H NMR spectra of the diamagnetic lanthanum(III) analogue shows that, whereas all three ligand arms are equivalent on the NMR timescale at high temperatures, at –80 °C there is mirror symmetry in the complex such that two arms are equivalent and the third is different from the other two; this is consistent with the crystalline form in which [L1]– is tetradentate with two pendant pyridyl arms, which has pseudo-mirror symmetry. Luminescence studies showed that whereas the ligand-based luminescence is retained in the gadolinium(III) complex, in the europium(III) and terbium(III) complexes the ligand-centred emission is quenched by ligand-to-metal energy transfer, resulting in the usual metal-centred emission spectra. The intensity of the emission from the europium(III) and terbium(III) complexes of [L1]– is substantially reduced compared to the emission from the analogous complexes [M(L2)(NO3)2] (M = Eu or Tb) which we ascribe to the sterically induced poorer co-ordination of the podand ligand, resulting in (i) less efficient ligand-to-metal energy transfer, and (ii) co-ordination of labile solvent molecules (H2O) to the metal centres.
Synthesis of<i>syn</i>- and<i>anti</i>-3,5-Dihydroxy-6-heptenoates from 2-Deoxy-<scp>d</scp>-ribose: Intermediates for Polyols Synthesis (2003)

Syntheses of all four diastereomers of syn- and anti-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoate, proven versatile synthetic intermediates that are enantiomerically pure and functionally differentiated at both ends, have been developed.
Hilbert-transform description of linear filtering (1972)

It is shown that ideal lowpass filtering can be expressed in terms of Hilbert transforms. This suggests that a wide variety of linear time-invariant filters with ideal ‘brickwall’ transfer functions can be obtained by combinations of time-varying filters employing Hilbert-transform elements. In particular, expressions are presented for real and complex bandpass filters. Application to another truncation process, time windowing, is pointed out.
Preparation of furanoradialene by the flash vacuum pyrolysis of diesters of 3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dimethylfuran (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of furanoradialene by the flash vacuum pyrolysis of diesters of 3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dimethylfuranWalter S. Trahanovsky and Timothy J. CassadyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 26, 8197–8201Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00338a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00338a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An artificial neural network for multi-level interleaved and creative serial order cognitive behavior (2001)

This research encompasses the design, development, and operation of a working artificial neural network model that provides for the acquisition, recall, and generation of temporally ordered information. These features are realized via a synergistic combination of subsystems that enable predictive learning, sequence interleaving, and new sequence creation. Together, these features provide a medium for demonstrating a variety of cognitive processes typical of intelligent behavior. Sequence learning is implemented as a Hebbian-based error-correcting paradigm that allows for rapid real-time training with minimum catastrophic interference and support for high-capacity sequence storage. Basic predictive learning is then used to illustrate common functions such as alphabet mastery, spelling, acquisition of mathematical facts, memorization of a script, basic motor skills, traditional associative memory, and an ability to form multiple associations with a single stimulus. Learned sequences can be interleaved to provide connectionist-based demonstrations of free association, transcription, route following, memory theatres, multiple trains of thought, complex motion, and a limited form of rehearsal. New sequences can then be crafted from previously learned sequences by using a generalized form of variable binding and can be used to help explicate such cognitive tasks as counting, solving mathematical expressions based on well-learned number facts, understanding simple pronoun referents in sentences, protolanguage reading comprehension, rule formation and the development of commonsense knowledge via inductive reasoning, the acquisition and deployment of external memory strategies, and a sophisticated nonstereotypical sequence-processing capability. By exhibiting such proficiency in a single temporally oriented network, this model takes a significant step toward the development of autonomous artificial systems capable of manifesting many of the characteristics that exemplify intelligence. In addition, the model embraces the search for common underlying cognitive principles and points to a number of promising areas for future research.
Immunochemical identification of human endothelial cells on the lining of a ventricular assist device. (1993)

We are studying the biologic (pseudointimal) lining that forms in the HeartMate (Thermo Cardiosystems, Inc.; Woburn, Massachusetts, USA), a left ventricular assist device with a pusher-plate blood pump, housed in solid titanium with uniquely textured blood-contacting surfaces. Sintered titanium microspheres cover the rigid surface, and integrally textured polyurethane lines the flexing diaphragm. The texture of the blood-contacting surfaces is designed to encourage formation of a biologic pseudointimal lining, which greatly reduces the risk of thromboembolic complications. We performed immunochemical analyses to characterize precisely the pseudointimal lining. Samples were taken from 2 explanted pumps; 1 had supported a patient for 132 days and the other, 189 days. The samples were cultured to detect factor-VIII-related antigen (von Willebrand factor), acetyl low-density lipoprotein receptors, smooth-muscle-cell actin, and surface adhesion molecules specific for monocytes/macrophages. Macrophage cells were predominant in both pumps, but in the 2nd pump, cultures from the center of the diaphragm were positive for acetyl low-density lipoprotein receptor and von Willebrand factor, indicating the presence of endothelial cells. We believe that blood-borne endothelial cells or endothelial cell precursors were deposited on the blood-contacting surfaces, which is an important clinical finding with regard to lowering the risk of thromboembolic complications and reducing the need for systemic anticoagulation in long-term left ventricular assist device patients.
Plasmonic Laser Antennas and Related Devices (2008)

This paper reviews recent work on device applications of optical antennas. Localized surface plasmon resonances of gold nanorod antennas resting on a silica glass substrate were modeled by finite difference time-domain simulations. A single gold nanorod of length 150 or 550 nm resonantly generates enhanced near fields when illuminated with light of 830 nm wavelength. A pair of these nanorods gives higher field enhancements due to capacitive coupling between them. Bowtie antennas that consist of a pair of triangular gold particles offer the best near-field confinement and enhancement. Plasmonic laser antennas based on the coupled nanorod antenna design were fabricated by focused ion beam lithography on the facet of a semiconductor laser diode operating at a wavelength of 830 nm. An optical spot size of few tens of nanometers was measured by apertureless near-field optical microscope. We have extended our work on plasmonic antenna into mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelengths by implementing resonant nanorod and bowtie antennas on the facets of various quantum cascade lasers. Experiments show that this mid-IR device can provide an optical intensity confinement 70 times higher than that would be achieved with diffraction limited optics. Near-field intensities ~ 1 GW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> were estimated for both near-infrared and mid-IR plasmonic antennas. A fiber device that takes advantage of plasmonic resonances of gold nanorod arrays providing a high density of optical ldquohot spotsrdquo is proposed. Results of a systematic theoretical and experimental study of the reflection spectra of these arrays fabricated on a silica glass substrate are also presented. The family of these proof-of-concept plasmonic devices that we present here can be potentially useful in many applications including near-field optical microscopes, high-density optical data storage, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, heat-assisted magnetic recording, and spatially resolved absorption spectroscopy.