gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Fracture Outcomes of Undiagnosed Low Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women (2001)

are an important cause of disability. 1 Hip fracture is associated with a 20% excess mortality in the year following fracture. 2The cost of managing fractures is substantial: approximately $13.8 billion dollars were spent in the United States in 1995 alone 3 ; estimates of current costs would almost certainly be larger.The size of the population aged 50 years or older will increase markedly during the next several decades, driven by the aging of the baby boomers and by increasing longevity.Thus, the direct as well as indirect costs of fractures are expected to increase correspondingly, both in the United States and worldwide. 4ow bone mineral density (BMD) is the single best predictor of fracture risk in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. 5,6Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and spine is currently the "gold standard" for measurement of BMD. 7 Central DXA equipment is large, expensive, and not universally available.Testing costs are not consistently covered by insurance companies, especially for women younger than 65 years.The availability of lowercost, small, portable technologies that
Bioconversion of agricultural wastes for pollution control and energy conservation. Final report (1976)

The combination of concerns for energy shortages and pollution control has renewed interest in the possibility of generating energy from organic wastes. This report is a comprehensive study of the feasibility of generating a substitute natural gas on U. S. dairies (40 and 100 cows) and beef feedlots (1000 head) using the anaerobic fermentation process. The feasibility in technical, economic and practical terms is estimated. Excluding energy use in manufacture of equipment and farm chemicals, the total energy use on 40 and 100 cow dairies, and 1000 head feedlots were estimated to be 164 x 10/sup 6/, 307 x 10/sup 6/, and 670 x 10/sup 6/ kcal per year, respectively. The estimated maximum annual methane energy that could be generated on these operations was estimated as 216 x 10/sup 6/, 473 x 10/sup 6/, and 2280 x 10/sup 6/ kcal, respectively. Thus, a dairy farm in northern New York could produce more energy than it consumes, and a feedlot could produce more than 3 times the quantity consumed. The estimated costs of generating methane on 40 and 100 cow dairies and on a 1000 head beef feedlot were $22.80, $13.40, and $4.50 per 10/sup 6/ kcal. Detailed analyses of themore » three operations estimated that the actual costs for utilization would increase to $80, $39, and $11 per 10/sup 6/ kcal for specific operations, respectively. Farms with more than 100 cows can begin to consider the technology as an income producing operation. It is therefore concluded that anaerobic fermentation of agricultural wastes has significant potential and should receive increased attention.« less
The <i>vrille</i> Gene of Drosophila Is a Maternal Enhancer of <i>decapentaplegic</i> and Encodes a New Member of the bZIP Family of Transcription Factors (1997)

We report here the genetical and molecular characterization of a new Drosophila zygotic lethal locus, vrille (vri). Vri alleles act not only as dominant maternal enhancers of embryonic dorsoventral patterning defects caused by easter and decapentaplegic (dpp) mutations, but also as dominant zygotic enhancers of dpp alleles for phenotypes in wing. The vri gene encodes a new member of the bZIP family of transcription factors closely related to gene 9 of Xenopus laevis, induced by thyroid hormone during the tadpole tail resorption program, and NF-IL3A, a human T cell transcription factor that transactivates the interleukin-3 promoter. NF-IL3A shares 93% similarity and 60% identity with Vri for a stretch of 68 amino acids that includes the bZIP domain. Although all the alleles tested behave like antimorphs, the dominant enhancement is also seen with a nonsense mutation allele that prevents translation of the bZIP domain. Because of the strong domainant enhancement of dpp phenotypes by vri alleles in both embryo and wing, and also the similarity between the wing vein phenotypes caused by the vri and shortvein dpp alleles, we postulate that vri interacts either directly or indirectly with certain components of the dpp (a TGF beta homologue) signal transduction pathway.
High-Throughput Synthesis of Nanoscale Materials:  Structural Optimization of Functionalized One-Step Star Polymers (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTHigh-Throughput Synthesis of Nanoscale Materials: Structural Optimization of Functionalized One-Step Star PolymersAnton W. Bosman, Andreas Heumann, Gerrit Klaerner, Didier Benoit, Jean M. J. Fréchet, and Craig J. HawkerView Author Information IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road San Jose, California 95120 Symyx Technologies, 3100 Central Expressway Santa Clara, California 95051 Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California 94720 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 26, 6461–6462Publication Date (Web):June 7, 2001Publication History Received15 February 2001Published online7 June 2001Published inissue 1 July 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja010405zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja010405zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2020Altmetric-Citations177LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Functionalization,Mixtures,Star polymers,Styrenes Get e-Alerts
<title>Evaluation of multimodal biometrics using appearance, shape, and temperature</title> (2004)

This study considers face recognition using multiple imaging modalities. Face recognition is performed using a PCA-based algorithm on each of three individual modalities: normal 2D intensity images, range images representing 3D shape, and infra-red images representing the pattern of heat emission. The algorithm is separately tuned for each modality. For each modality, the gallery consists of one image of each of the same 127 persons, and the probe set consists of 297 images of these subjects, acquired with one or more week's time lapse. In this experiment, we find a rank-one recognition rate of 71% for infra-red, 91% for 2D, 92% for 3D. We also consider the multi-modal combination of each pair of modalities, and find a rank-one recognition rate of 97% for 2D plus infra-red, 98% for 3D plus infra-red, and 99% for 3D plus 2D. The combination of all three modalities yields a rank-one recognition rate of 100%. We conclude that multi-modal face recognition appears to offer great potential for improved accuracy over using a single 2D image. Larger and more challenging experiments are needed in order to explore this potential.
Preclinical toxicity of liposome-incorporated annamycin: selective bone marrow toxicity with lack of cardiotoxicity. (1995)

Annamycin (Ann) is a new lipophilic anthracycline antibiotic with a marked ability to circumvent typical multidrug resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Because of its high affinity for lipid membranes and very low solubility in water, Ann has been prepared in a submicron liposome formulation (L-Ann) that is currently being investigated in a Phase I clinical study. We studied the preclinical toxicity of L-Ann in mice and beagle dogs and compared it with that of free Ann in suspension and the parent compound doxorubicin (Dox). In mice, free Ann was about twice as toxic as Dox (LD50 after a single i.v. bolus administration, 8.8 versus 19.9 mg/kg; P < 0.01). The liposomal carrier reduced Ann toxicity by 2-fold (LD50, 15.74 mg/kg for L-Ann versus 8.8 mg/kg for free Ann; P < 0.01). Granulocytopenia was the main toxicity of Ann, either free or liposome incorporated, and was much more profound than with an equitoxic dose of Dox as assessed by blood counts and pathological studies. In chronic mouse studies, L-Ann was remarkably less cardiotoxic than Dox. Cumulative toxicity with the weekly administration of a given fraction of the subacute LD10 was markedly higher with Dox than with L-Ann as assessed by body weight and mortality studies. L-Ann also had less vesicant toxicity than Dox after intradermal administration in mice. Beagle dogs tolerated the mouse-equivalent LD10 dose of L-Ann (1.4 mg/kg) with no side effects, changes in the hematological and biochemical blood parameters, or pathological changes. Our results indicate that: (a) L-Ann is more selectively myelotoxic than Dox and is noncardiotoxic; (b) the liposome carrier plays a major role in the favorable toxicity profile of L-Ann; and (c) the standard one-tenth of the LD10 should be a safe starting dose for Phase I clinical trials with L-Ann in humans.
Rayleigh noise in bidirectional optical communication systems (1990)

In bidirectional systems with narrow linewidth laser diodes (LDs), noise from Rayleigh backscattered (RB) light and interference of reflected light with RB light may cause considerable receiver sensitivity degradation.1
Analysis of the Effect of Linear Smear on Photographic Images (1971)

The effect on the photographic image of the linear smear due to nonuniform relative motion between the image and the film during exposure can be expressed in terms of a complex transfer function. An expression for the equivalent spread function, valid for a restricted class of motions, is given. The case of smear due to uniformly accelerated relative motion is worked out in detail. One surprising result is that, for the same extent of smear, the modulus of the transfer function due to uniformly accelerated relative motion is, at all frequencies, equal to or greater than the modulus of the transfer function due to uniform relative motion
Fran Celestin kao osnivač lektorata slavenskih jezika i književnosti na zagrebačkom sveučilištu (1878-1895) (1950)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in atomic bomb survivors: incidence and transformation to multiple myeloma (2003)

Among 6737 atomic bomb survivors who did not have monoclonal gammopathy at the first examination, 112 developed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) between 1985 and 2001. The crude incidence rate was 164 per 100 000 person-years in the overall study population, with a sharp increase in incidence after age 60 years. The incidence was not significantly associated with radiation dose (P = 0.91), although the incidence at less than 80 years of age showed a marginally significant association (P = 0.05). Among 75 patients with MGUS detected in 1985, 50 patients (67%) had died by 2001, 16 (21%) of these deaths were due to multiple myeloma (MM). MM mortality among MGUS patients was 2284 per 100 000 person-years while the rate in the total population was 14.6 per 100 000 person-years. The risk of MM mortality was greater in the older generation. The transformation from MGUS to MM was faster in exposed persons than in non-exposed persons, but this was not statistically significant.
Parametric downconversion vs optical parametric amplification: a comparison of their quantum statistics (2002)

The extent to which the intense light generated by an unseeded, high-gain optical parametric amplifier retains the desired quantum statistical properties of the individual photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion is analysed. It is shown that certain but not all of these properties are retained, with important implications for applications of quantum optics.
Functional Analysis of Human Organic Cation Transporter OCT3 (SLC22A3) Polymorphisms (2010)

We analyzed the functional properties of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in organic cation transporter OCT3 gene (SLC22A3) resulting in the amino acid changes with a transient expression system. Three SNPs (A116S, T400I, and A439V) exhibited reduced uptake of both [(3)H]histamine and [(3)H]MPP(+), although their protein expressions were detected in the plasma membrane of transfected cells. This study suggests that the OCT3 variants will contribute to inter-individual variations leading to the differences in cationic drug disposition as well as certain disease processes such as hypertension, allergic diseases, and neuropsychiatric diseases by the clearance of endogenous organic cations such as biogenic amines.
Simulation of the effects of laser clipping on the performance of AM SCM lightwave systems (1991)

Simulations of clipping-induced nonlinear distortion (NLD) for a semiconductor laser under the intensity-modulation of multichannel amplitude modulated subcarrier multiplexed (AM SCM) video signals are presented. The results show that for a carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of 55 dB, the fundamental limit is 85 channels per milliwatt of received power. The results indicate that the NLD may be 5-15 dB better than predicted by a previously reported fundamental analysis, but that they are consistent with more recent analytical results. Furthermore, it is shown that the number of channels may be increased significantly if the CNR is relaxed below 55 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A far-red emitting probe for unambiguous detection of mobile zinc in acidic vesicles and deep tissue (2015)

Imaging mobile zinc in acidic environments remains challenging because most small-molecule optical probes display pH-dependent fluorescence. Here we report a reaction-based sensor that detects mobile zinc unambiguously at low pH. The sensor responds reversibly and with a large dynamic range to exogenously applied Zn<sup>2+</sup> in lysosomes of HeLa cells, endogenous Zn<sup>2+</sup> in insulin granules of MIN6 cells, and zinc-rich mossy fiber boutons in hippocampal tissue from mice. This long-wavelength probe is compatible with the green-fluorescent protein, enabling multicolor imaging, and facilitates visualization of mossy fiber boutons at depths of >100 µm, as demonstrated by studies in live tissue employing two-photon microscopy.
Interethnic differences in genetic polymorphism of debrisoquin and mephenytoin hydroxylation between Japanese and Caucasian populations (1985)

Interethnic differences in debrisoquin and mephenytoin hydroxylation have been compared between normal white (n = 183) and Japanese (n = 100) subjects with the 8-hour urinary metabolic ratio of debrisoquin and the urinary S/R enantiomeric ratio of mephenytoin to identify extensive (EM) and poor (PM) metabolizers. In white subjects the frequency of PMs was 8.7% and 2.7% for debrisoquin and mephenytoin, respectively. In contrast, in Japanese subjects no PMs of debrisoquin were identified, while the incidence of PMs of mephenytoin was 18%. These substantial differences (P less than 0.001) in polymorphic distributions of oxidative drug metabolizing ability have implications for interethnic efficacy and toxicity of drugs and other xenobiotics that are metabolized by the involved cytochrome P-450 isozymes.
NUDT16 is a (deoxy)inosine diphosphatase, and its deficiency induces accumulation of single-strand breaks in nuclear DNA and growth arrest (2010)

Nucleotides function in a variety of biological reactions; however, they can undergo various chemical modifications. Such modified nucleotides may be toxic to cells if not eliminated from the nucleotide pools. We performed a screen for modified-nucleotide binding proteins and identified human nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X-type motif 16 (NUDT16) protein as an inosine triphosphate (ITP)/xanthosine triphosphate (XTP)/GTP-binding protein. Recombinant NUDT16 hydrolyzes purine nucleoside diphosphates to the corresponding nucleoside monophosphates. Among 29 nucleotides examined, the highest k(cat)/K(m) values were for inosine diphosphate (IDP) and deoxyinosine diphosphate (dIDP). Moreover, NUDT16 moderately hydrolyzes (deoxy)inosine triphosphate ([d]ITP). NUDT16 is mostly localized in the nucleus, and especially in the nucleolus. Knockdown of NUDT16 in HeLa MR cells caused cell cycle arrest in S-phase, reduced cell proliferation, increased accumulation of single-strand breaks in nuclear DNA as well as increased levels of inosine in RNA. We thus concluded that NUDT16 is a (deoxy)inosine diphosphatase that may function mainly in the nucleus to protect cells from deleterious effects of (d)ITP.
Synthesis of Spherical Polymer and Titania Photonic Crystallites (2005)

The fabrication of small structured spherical particles that are essentially small photonic crystals is described. The particles are 1-50 microm in diameter and are porous with nearly close-packed monodisperse pores whose size is comparable to the wavelength of light. The solid matrix of the particles is titania, which provides a large refractive index contrast between the particle matrix and pores. The particles are made by encapsulating polymer colloidal particles in emulsion droplets of hexanes in which a titanium alkoxide precursor is dissolved. Subsequent osmotic removal of the hexanes from the droplets and condensation of the alkoxide precursor leads to spherical aggregates of polymer spheres with titania filling the spaces between the polymer spheres. The polymer particles are then burned out leaving behind the desired porous titania particles. The size and structure of the pores and high refractive index of the titania matrix are expected to produce particles that are very efficient scatterers of light, making them useful as pigments.
Acamprosate Inhibits the Binding and Neurotoxic Effects of Trans‐ACPD, Suggesting a Novel Site of Action at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (2002)

Background Several reported effects of acamprosate within the glutamatergic system could result from interactions with metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The following experiments were performed to determine whether acamprosate could compete with trans ‐ACPD (±‐1‐aminocyclopentane‐ trans ‐1,3‐dicarboxylic acid, an equimolecular mixture of 1 S , 3 R and 1 R , 3 S ‐ACPD and an agonist at both group I and group II mGluRs) sensitive binding sites and protect against trans ‐ACPD–induced neurotoxicity in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Methods A P2 membrane preparation of cortices, cerebellums, and hippocampi of adult, male Sprague Dawley rats was used to determine the abilities of N ‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) and trans ‐ACPD to displace [ 3 H]glutamate in both the absence and the presence of the sodium salt of acamprosate (sodium mono N ‐acetyl homotaurine or Na‐acamprosate). A comparison of the effects of 100 μM guanosine 5′‐triphosphate on unlabeled glutamate, trans ‐ACPD, and Na‐acamprosate was performed in the same paradigm. For the neurotoxicity studies, organotypic hippocampal slice cultures from male and female 8‐day‐old neonatal rats were exposed to either 500 μM trans ‐ACPD or 50 μM NMDA for 24 hr in normal culture medium containing serum on day 20 in vitro. The effects of Na‐acamprosate and 2‐methyl‐6‐(2‐phenylethenyl)pyridine (SIB‐1893), a noncompetitive antagonist at metabotropic type 5 receptors (mGluR5s), were assessed by determining differences in propidium iodide uptake as compared with neurotoxic challenges alone. Results Na‐acamprosate displaced 31% of [ 3 H]glutamate but did not compete with NMDA for [ 3 H]glutamate binding sites. Na‐acamprosate displayed total competition with trans ‐ACPD. The presence of 100 μM guanosine 5′‐triphosphate differentially altered the displacing capabilities of the two mGluR agonists, unlabeled glutamate and trans ‐ACPD, as compared with Na‐acamprosate. Na‐acamprosate (200–1000 μM) and SIB‐1893 (20–500 μM) both were neuroprotective against trans ‐ACPD induced neurotoxicity that likely results from mGluR potentiation of NMDARs. In turn, Na‐acamprosate and SIB‐1893 had no direct effects on NMDA‐induced neurotoxicity. Conclusions Na‐acamprosate demonstrates the binding and functional characteristics that are consistent with a group I mGluR antagonist. The functional similarities between Na‐acamprosate and SIB‐1893 support an interaction of Na‐acamprosate at mGluR5s. The neuroprotective properties of acamprosate and possibly its ability to reduce craving in alcohol‐dependent patients may result from its alterations in glutamatergic transmission through mGluRs.
Optimum Snubbers for Power Semiconductors (1972)

It is generally necessary to connect an RC snubber across a power rectifier or thyristor to absorb the energy associated with the recovery current of the device and limit the resulting voltage spike and rate of rise dv/dt. For a given snubber capacitance, it is shown that there is an optimum damping resistance which minimizes the peak voltage, but a lower resistance is required to minimize the average dv/dt to the peak. Design procedures are derived for selecting the capacitance and optimum resistance to limit the peak voltage or dv/dt to specified values. The device recovery current is trapped in circuit inductance, and its energy must be dissipated, while the snubber produces additional losses as the price of performing its limiting function.
Seasonal variation in phenolics in several savanna tree species in Botswana (1991)

Total phenolics (50% methanol) in leaves, flowers, pods and seeds of 10 tree species, Acacia burkei, A. erubescens, A. fleckii, A. karroo, A. mellifera, A. nilotica, A. robusta, A. tortilis, Dichrostachys cinerea and Terminalia sericea were investigated over one year. In all species the concentration of phenolic substances was high in young leaves, in immature fruits and seeds and low in mature leaves and pods. The decrease in phenolic concentration during the year occurred in waves, which may be related to climatic factors. Monomeric phenolics made up a high percentage of water-soluble phenolics, which was significantly correlated with total phenolics. There was a general tendency for a positive correlation between high concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and high concentrations of phenolics. Results are discussed in relation to herbivory and the hypothesis of a carbon-nutrient balance.