gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An CSF anomalous molecular form of acetylcholinesterase in demented and non-demented subjects (1997)

Analysis of 139 CSF samples from living subjects, using iso-electric focusing in polyacrylamide gels, demonstrated an anomalous molecular form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This form was present in 84 of 87 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), 28 of whom have died and in whom histopathological confirmation of AD was obtained. The abnormal AChE form was also present in 22 of 23 patients with clinical dementia not regarded as AD type. In the six patients who died this abnormal AChE form was found in three cases of multi-infarct dementia, one with cerebral glioma with dementia and one with clinical dementia, but no pathology was found based on the Khachaturian criteria for AD. One patient with normal pressure hydrocephalus was negative when tested for the abnormal AChE form. This evidence indicates that the anomalous molecular form of AChE may not be specific for AD, and may possibly be a common indicator for organic dementia. The discovery of this form in 27 of 29 age-matched non-demented controls may indicate that the anomalous molecular form of AChE may not only exist in patients with clinically detectable dementia, but is probably present for a period before the onset of dementia. Recognizing and understanding the existence of pre-clinical dementia would be beneficial in designing a strategy for both the prevention and the treatment of dementia.
Theory and Practice of Imperial Defence, Prior to 1754 (2010)

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A Language Extension for Controlling Access to Shared Data (1976)

Controlled sharing of information is needed for many applications. Access-control mechanisms exist in operating systems to provide such controlled sharing. However, programming languages currently do not support such a facility. This paper illustrates how an access-control facility could be incorporated in a programming language. The mechanism described is suitable for incorporation in object-oriented languages that permit the definition of abstract data types, and is defmed in a way that enables compile-time checking of access control.
Heterocycles by cycloaddition. Part 8. Preparation of [1]benzopyrano[4,3-b]pyrroles by intramolecular cycloaddition–extrusion of mesoionic oxazolium-5-olates (1989)

The in situ Intramolecular cycloaddition–extrusion of the 2-[2-(prop-2-ynyloxy)phenyl]oxazolium-5-olates (4), prepared by cyclisation of the N-acylamino acids (3), gave the [1]benzopyrano[4,3-b]-pyrroles (6a–c) in good yields. Also the 2-acetylated product (6d) was formed from the α-unsubstituted acid (3c). These Intramolecular cycloadditions occurred preferentially even in the presence of an added dipolarophile.
The Brains of Very Preterm Newborns in Clinically Stable Condition May Be Hyperoxygenated (2009)

Cerebral oxygenation on the first day of life was higher in a group of relatively healthy, very preterm infants in stable condition, compared with healthy term newborns. Slightly elevated blood Pco(2) could be the explanation. Prematurity itself does not seem to dispose preterm infants to global cerebral hypoxia.
Materials for lithium-ion battery safety (2018)

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered to be one of the most important energy storage technologies. As the energy density of batteries increases, battery safety becomes even more critical if the energy is released unintentionally. Accidents related to fires and explosions of LIBs occur frequently worldwide. Some have caused serious threats to human life and health and have led to numerous product recalls by manufacturers. These incidents are reminders that safety is a prerequisite for batteries, and serious issues need to be resolved before the future application of high-energy battery systems. This Review aims to summarize the fundamentals of the origins of LIB safety issues and highlight recent key progress in materials design to improve LIB safety. We anticipate that this Review will inspire further improvement in battery safety, especially for emerging LIBs with high-energy density.
Antibody-dependent enhancement of Murray Valley encephalitis virus virulence in mice (2003)

Enhancement of flavivirus infection in vitro in the presence of subneutralizing concentrations of homologous or heterologous antiserum has been well described. However, the importance of this phenomenon in the enhancement of flavivirus infection in vivo has not been established. In order to study antibody-mediated enhancement of flavivirus infection in vivo, we investigated the effect of passive immunization of mice with Japanese encephalitis virus (JE) antiserum on the outcome of infection with Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVE). We show that prior treatment of mice with subneutralizing concentrations of heterologous JE antiserum resulted in an increase in viraemia titres and in mortality following challenge with wild-type MVE. Our findings support the hypothesis that subneutralizing concentrations of antibody may enhance flavivirus infection and virulence in vivo. These findings are of potential importance for the design of JE vaccination programs in geographic areas in which MVE co-circulates. Should subneutralizing concentrations of antibody remain in the population following JE vaccination, it is possible that enhanced disease may be observed during MVE epidemics.
Designing latchup robustness in a 0.35 /spl mu/m technology (1994)

We have explored the technology design space for latchup robustness in a deep submicron process. We show using experimental data that latchup robustness can be designed into a deep submicron technology without the use of retrograde wells or trench isolation. The main parameters affecting the latchup holding voltage and the trigger current have been investigated. The application of simulations and empirical models for tailoring latchup holding voltages are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
IC power delivery (2013)

Modern IC power delivery systems encompass large on-chip passive power grids and active on-chip or off-chip voltage converters and regulators. While there exists little work targeting on holistic design of such complex IC subsystems, the optimal system-level design of power delivery is critical for achieving power integrity and power efficiency. In this article, we conduct a systematic design analysis on power delivery networks that incorporate Buck Converters (BCs) and on-chip Low-Dropout voltage regulators (LDOs) for the entire chip power supply. The electrical interactions between active voltage converters, regulators as well as passive power grids and their influence on key system design specifications are analyzed comprehensively. With the derived design insights, the system-level codesign of a complete power delivery network is facilitated by a proposed automatic optimization flow in which key design parameters of buck converters and on-chip LDOs as well as on-chip decoupling capacitance are jointly optimized. The experimental results demonstrate significant performance improvements resulted from the proposed system cooptimization in terms of achievable area overhead, supply noise and power efficiency. Impacts of different decoupling capacitance technologies are also investigated.
Antineuropathic Effects of the Antibiotic Derivative Spicamycin KRN5500 (2004)

Excellence in neuropathic pain management continues to challenge the ability of health care providers. Current medications are helpful but often create significant side effects or simply fail to provide adequate analgesia. We report here on a serendipitous finding of the successful attenuation of neuropathic pain in a patient with long-standing monoclonal gammopathy, Raynaud's disease, and neuropathic pain who received the trial chemotherapeutic agent KRN5500. This finding led to animal studies that have provided support for the possible use of KRN5500 in the treatment of neuropathic pain in humans as well as some insight into the possible mechanism(s) of action of this drug.
PROPERTIES OF BIXIN AND NORBIXIN AND THE COMPOSITION OF ANNATTO EXTRACTS (1971)

SUMMARY— The melting point and 1 1% cm ‐values of a‐bixin, β‐bixin, and a‐norbixin were determined and the stability of a‐bixin examined under different conditions. The total pigment content of butter colors was determined. a‐Bixin was the principal pigment; in addition, at least eight different pigments were present. The content of a‐ and β‐bixin in butter colors was also determined. Because of complex formation of bixin and norbixin with a yellow pigment, the simple chromatographic method became rather laborious. This complex formation did not occur in the annatto suspensions in oil and fat. These preparations were more concentrated, while the amount of decomposition products of a‐bixin was relatively slight. The stability of the pigments in butter colors appeared to be great. Investigation of annatto cheese colors showed that these extracts contain at least seven color components. The total amount of red pigment and the principal pigment a‐norbixin were determined.
Normal In-Plane Respiratory Motion of the Bilateral Hemidiaphragms Evaluated by Sequentially Subtracted Fast Magnetic Resonance Images (1999)

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate hemidiaphragmatic motion using magnetic resonance imaging. The subjects were 13 healthy, nonsmoking volunteers. The sequence consisted of a fast gradient-recalled echo for coronal images and a single-shot fast spin echo with half Fourier transformation for sagittal images. The coronal and sagittal acquisition times were 0.83 msec and 0.58 msec per image, respectively. Thirty sequential images were obtained during quiet, deep respiration. Two series of subtraction images were made from these original sequential images (a given image was subtracted from the preceding or the next image in the original series). Hemidiaphragmatic motion was visualized as white or black bands on subtraction images. In the coronal plane through the left ventricle, there was a difference in motion between the right and left hemidiaphragms in 10 subjects during tidal respiration and in 12 subjects during deep respiration. On the sagittal images, the dorsal part of the hemidiaphragm moved more rapidly during quiet, deep respiration, especially on the left side.
Direct Determination of Potassium Ion Accumulation in Guard Cells in Relation to Stomatal Opening in Light (1969)

Understanding the mechanism of stomatal opening in leaves is important because stomata are the avenues for CO, and H.,O diffusion. Stomata in most species open in the light when the guard cells that encompass the pores take up water and increase in turgor relative to adjacent epidermal cells (1). Thus stomatal opening is likely an osmotic phenomenon that depends upon the accumulation of solute in the guard cells, and during opening tllis accumulation has been reported to range from 0.: M to 0.5 M in various experiments (2). For over 100 years botanists have believed that the primlary solute accumulating in the light was soluble carbohydrate produced during photosynthesis, because guard cells possess chloroplasts and other epidermal cells do not. However careful quantitative work [reviewed in (3)] failed to provide strong support for this view.
Strain effects on oxygen migration in perovskites (2014)

Fast oxygen transport materials are necessary for a range of technologies, including efficient and cost-effective solid oxide fuel cells, gas separation membranes, oxygen sensors, chemical looping devices, and memristors. Strain is often proposed as a method to enhance the performance of oxygen transport materials, but the magnitude of its effect and its underlying mechanisms are not well-understood, particularly in the widely-used perovskite-structured oxygen conductors. This work reports on an ab initio prediction of strain effects on migration energetics for nine perovskite systems of the form LaBO3, where B = [Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ga]. Biaxial strain, as might be easily produced in epitaxial systems, is predicted to lead to approximately linear changes in migration energy. We find that tensile biaxial strain reduces the oxygen vacancy migration barrier across the systems studied by an average of 66 meV per percent strain for a single selected hop, with a low of 36 and a high of 89 meV decrease in migration barrier per percent strain across all systems. The estimated range for the change in migration barrier within each system is ±25 meV per percent strain when considering all hops. These results suggest that strain can significantly impact transport in these materials, e.g., a 2% tensile strain can increase the diffusion coefficient by about three orders of magnitude at 300 K (one order of magnitude at 500 °C or 773 K) for one of the most strain-responsive materials calculated here (LaCrO3). We show that a simple elasticity model, which assumes only dilative or compressive strain in a cubic environment and a fixed migration volume, can qualitatively but not quantitatively model the strain dependence of the migration energy, suggesting that factors not captured by continuum elasticity play a significant role in the strain response.
A Generalized Performance Computer Program for Oil Flooded Twin-Screw Compressors (1984)

A general purpose computer programro predict performance of oil-flooded twinscrew compressors has been written.The program accounts for all leakages, viscous shear losses, oil cooling, and inlet and discharge losses.It uses some empirical coefficients which have been developed based on extensive test data.These coefficients are used to define leakage blockage, shear losses, and heat .transferdue to the presence of oil.The program's results have been extensively checked against test data and shown to give a good agreement over a wide tip speed range and for several different machines having different rotor profiles and number of lobe combinations.This paper describes the theory used in the program and then presents some results to show comparison between program predictions and test data.The paper also enumerates the performance losses due to various sources for a better understanding of the compressor performance.2..
Solvent Effects in the Conversion of Nitriles to Perhydro-s-triazines<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent Effects in the Conversion of Nitriles to Perhydro-s-triazines1William D. Emmons, Henry A. Rolewicz, William N. Cannon, and Robert M. RossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 21, 5524–5525Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01141a513https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01141a513research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neurotransmission and Neurotoxicity by Nitric Oxide, Catecholamines, and Glutamate: Unifying Themes of Reactive Oxygen Species and Electron Transfer (2003)

This review treats the mechanism of nitric oxide, catecholamines, and glutamate as important neurotransmitters and as neurotoxins, based on involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and electron transfer (ET). ROS and ET can serve as a unifying framework for both transmission and toxicity, with ROS concentration being a crucial issue. Cell signaling, electrochemistry, antioxidants, and apoptosis are also discussed.
Absolute length calibration of gauge blocks using optical comb of a femtosecond pulse laser (2006)

We report an exploitation of the optical comb of a femtosecond pulse laser as the wavelength ruler for the task of absolute length calibration of gauge blocks. To that end, the optical comb was stabilized to an Rb atomic clock and an optical frequency synthesizer was constructed by tuning an external single-frequency laser to the optical comb. The absolute height of gauge blocks was measured by means of multi-wavelength interferometry using multiple beams of different wavelengths consecutively provided by the optical frequency synthesizer. The wavelength uncertainty was measured 1.9 × 10<sup>-10</sup> that leads to an overall calibration uncertainty of 17 nm (k=1) in determining the absolute length of gauge blocks of 25 mm nominal length.
3.2-million-pixel full-frame true 2Φ CCD image sensor incorporating transparent gate technology (2000)

This paper describes the performance of an advanced high- resolution full-frame architecture CCD imaging device for use in scientific, medical and other high-performance monochromatic digital still imaging applications. Of particular interest is the replacement of the polysilicon 2nd gate electrode with that of a more spectrally transparent material thereby dramatically improving device sensitivity. This has been achieved without compromising performance in other areas such as dark current, noise, transfer efficiency and, most importantly, yield.
Enhanced oxygen diffusion in silicon at thermal donor formation temperature (1986)

From the outdiffusion profiles of oxygen in Czochralski silicon at 500 °C measured with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), oxygen diffusivities of 2.5–4.0×10−14 cm2 s−1 are deduced, which are enhanced nearly four orders of magnitude relative to the normal diffusivity. Diffusion of implanted oxygen-18 in float-zone silicon at 400–525 °C yields SIMS profiles consisting of an exponential decay of oxygen concentration. The exponential profiles of oxygen-18 above background (1014 cm−3) as deep as 4–16 μm also show direct evidence of enhanced long-range oxygen diffusion. The results of enhanced oxygen diffusion can be explained with a fast-diffusing species, which is in dynamical equilibrium with the interstitial oxygen.
Allylic Chlorides. XXI. 3-Chloro-2-phenyl-1-propene<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAllylic Chlorides. XXI. 3-Chloro-2-phenyl-1-propene1Lewis F. Hatch and Tad L. PattonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 10, 2705–2707Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01639a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01639a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views452Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selective Lateral Etching of Al<sub>0.3</sub>Ga<sub>0.7</sub>As/GaAs Heterojunction Structure Using the Redox Solution of I<sub>2</sub>/KI (1997)

Selective lateral etching for an Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 As/GaAs system was conducted with iodine-potassium iodide ( I 2 /KI) redox solution having high preferential etching characteristics. The selectivity of Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 As relative to GaAs varied with the molar ratio of I 2 /KI, pH, stripe direction, and stirring speed of the solution. The undercut widths of Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 As below the GaAs layer were measured by observing the etched cross-section with a scanning electron microscope. For the [100] directional stripe, the undercut width of Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 As was measured up to about 3 µ m after etching for 1 min under the etching conditions of [I 2 ]/[KI]=0.67 and pH=2.76. As a new application to the Al x Ga 1- x As/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with x ≤0.3, selective lateral etching was carried out to reduce the extrinsic base-collector capacitance of the HBT. As the result of capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurement, the base-collector capacitance of the lateral etched HBT was reduced to about 50% of that of the conventional HBT.
Beef Muscle Characteristics as Related to Carcass Grade, Carcass Weight, and Degree of Aging (1961)

I 050 ,JulllluryA\lglIst.October, lle(!f gmdcs were revil;cil ill ])eecmher lImO, hut: all rcslilts l:l!)lOl'ted jlJ this bulletin nrc 011 the husis of the gru(]es cllI:l'clltly 111 \Hit!, .2cnssc1nssification, and stl.mples were cut from cnrcns.c;es of the appropri ate .trades:from the cooler stocks of.the e packing compmty.l)etl\,ile<l descl'iptions of the Cltrcnsses seleded itll(l the feeding h.istory of.th(', Itni J)lals (when known) were oubtined for :future reference in intel'pl'eLing resnUs.Generlllly, (;lIe cuts for st.udy were oubtined Itpproximlltely 48 hOlll's Idtel' the ttni.mnJswere, shLught.ered.The LO'llgi,w~imJll8 <101'8i of the rib Ilud th(', ~"{e:III,iten<li:It(},'m,~ muscl(' of the rOllnd were sampled immedi Iltely, Ilnd niter 2 IlUd.4 weeks' aging of tht' cuts Itt a3-ailO F. (During the.thit'(l )'etll' of the st.udy, en!:s from the lightweight CII,rcnsses ill ellC'h of the ~l'IIdes wen' nged i'ol' only;2 weeks.)Sampling Pro.cedure.ItnIlH. .ldi Iltely upon nl'ri \'ILI of the whole slLle euts Itt the lauontlol',Y they wel.'ephotQgl'a,phed ILnd sampling per formed in It eooler: at, 45 :IT.as fol lows: From the. left rib cut of each CILl'CiISS, two rib steaks, 1% inehes thick, '\"el'e cnt for cooking, The 12th-riu stellk was llood far ehemiea,1 and hist.ologiealstudies on fhe (:ooked melli' whUe thn 11th-I'il> stell,k was used for pltnel scoring of pldn.f'nuil ity of Uw cooked lIIellt.The 11-1~ rib seetion WIIS l'eHlm'ed fl'OIll t he right I'ib ~~u~ ILlld the.l'ibeYl' musdl'. (L(YIlg188UJI'II8 (/01'8/) WIIS ctLl'efully l'emo\'ed ILIld freed fl'OIIl nIl adhering fat Itnd conneeti ve tis Sill.'.The niusele WIlS then cut" info two appl'oximILte.l.r e9"aJ pieees plu:aUel to Ole gt'alll of the meat.Conductance ll1ellSlu'emenls and pcnetl'Omet:er.'readings were made immediately 011 the "ft'efihly Cllt pie<;es.Thill sliees were re moved fl'om the ceniet' of the muscle it) I.' histolQgicltl eXILlninntion ILIld uioehem.icalstudies.TllI'ee 01' fOUL' cylinders, one-lULlf iudt ill diameter ILnd apploxilllat:ely2% inches long, were <!lu'cfu1\y cut out pl~mUel to tihe l1lusde fihers IIntIused for sheiLI' tests.The nm.millder 01' the muscle