gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal virtual machine placement across multiple cloud providers (2009)

Cloud computing provides users an efficient way to dynamically allocate computing resources to meet demands. Cloud providers can offer users two payment plans, i.e., reservation and on-demand plans for resource provisioning. Price of resources in reservation plan is generally cheaper than that in on-demand plan. However, since the reservation plan has to be acquired in advance, it may not fully meet future demands in which the on-demand plan can be used to guarantee the availability to the user. In this paper, we propose an optimal virtual machine placement (OVMP) algorithm. This algorithm can minimize the cost spending in each plan for hosting virtual machines in a multiple cloud provider environment under future demand and price uncertainty. OVMP algorithm makes a decision based on the optimal solution of stochastic integer programming (SIP) to rent resources from cloud providers. The performance of OVMP algorithm is evaluated by numerical studies and simulation. The results clearly show that the proposed OVMP algorithm can minimize users' budgets. This algorithm can be applied to provision resources in emerging cloud computing environments.
New Armature Winding Concepts for EHV and High CFCT Applications of Superconducting Turbine Generators (1979)

The potential of superconducting turbine generators to benefit the design of electric utility power systems in new and exceptional ways has been appreciated for a number of years. Potential benefits include major reductions in losses and capital costs, possibilities of designing for exceptionally high voltage ratings, and improved transient stability performance. New armature winding concepts are required for the full realization of this potential. This paper describes a new armature winding geometry, whose variant forms lend themselves particularly well to: 1. The use of insulating materials and practices such as are used in compact high-voltage apparatus; 2. Uniform and continuous support for the armature coils and end turns; 3. Simple manufacture. Applications of this geometry to high-voltage and low- voltage armature windings, some of the economic benefit obtainable from these, and the development plan directed towards achieving commercial status are also described.
Data on macrophage mediated muscle transfection upon delivery of naked plasmid DNA with block copolymers (2016)

The data contains 14 figures supporting the research article "Horizontal gene transfer from macrophages to ischemic muscles upon delivery of naked DNA with Pluronic block copolymers" [1]. The data explains the surgical procedure and histological characterization of Murine Hind Limb Ischemia. The data also shows the kinetics of luciferase gene expression, spread of GFP expression through muscle and the colocalization of GFP with cellular markers in ischemic muscles injected with pDNA alone or pDNA/Pluronic. Finally the data shows the effect of Pluronic Block Copolymer to enhance total gene expression (cmv-promoter driven luciferase gene) in coculture of DNA transfected MØs with muscle cells.
EFFECTS OF NATURAL ESTROGEN/GESTAGEN AND THIAZIDE ON CORONARY RISK FACTORS IN NORMAL POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN (1981)

A 2-year double-blind trial designed for studying the separate and combined effects of bendroflumethiazide (BFTZ) and cyclical administration of 17 beta-estradiol + estriol/norethisterone (E/N) on coronary risk factors and bone mineral loss (reported elsewhere) was undertaken. Serum lipids, fasting blood glucose, body weight and blood pressure were measured every 3 months in 97 normal women in their early menopause. All participants received a supplement of 500 mg calcium and were randomized to one of the following treatment groups: 1) placebo (P) + P (n = 33); 2) P + E/N (n=21); 3) BFTZ + E/N (n=22); and 4) BFTZ + P (n=21). As compared with placebo BFTZ raised serum cholesterol by 6.0% (p less than 0.01), decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p less than 0.01) and reduced body weight (p less than 0.001). E/N decreased serum cholesterol by 9.8% (p less than 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure to the same extent as BFTZ (p less than 0.01), but left systolic blood pressure unchanged. Neither BFTZ nor E/N affected serum triglycerides or blood glucose significantly. During their combined use E/N easily overcame the hypercholesterolemic action of BFTZ, as serum cholesterol remained 6.5% and 12.5% below the mean values of the placebo and BFTZ group, respectively (p less than 0.001). The tendency of both BFTZ and E/N to raise serum triglycerides was added to cause a significant increase of 6.5% (p less than 0.01). No other additive effects were observed. In conclusion, the thiazide increased one (serum cholesterol) and decreased another (blood pressure) of the important coronary risk factors, whereas cyclical estrogen/-gestagen reduced both risk factors, also when given in combination with thiazide.
Expression and Function of Potyviral Gene Products (1988)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More
Control of Osmotic Pressure of Culture Solutions with Polyethylene Glycol (1961)

Experiments with kidney beans indicate that Carbowax polyethylene glycol, molecular weight 20,000, upon purification, may be used as an agent to control the osmotic pressure of plant nutrient solutions without the hazard of interference with normal metabolic processes. With the sodium electrode and the thermocouple psychrometer, interaction between ions and Carbowax is shown to lead to a slight dissociation of the latter.
우리나라 국민연금의 소득보장과 소득이동성 효과 분석 (2013)

본 논문은 2008-2011년(조사연도 기준) 한국노동패널자료(KLIPS)로써 첫째, 국민연금의 주요 기능인 노후소득보장과 소득재분배에 미치는 효과를 분석하고, 둘째 국민연금이 일반적으로 은퇴 후 소득이 줄어 자칫 소득계층이 떨어지는 것을 방지하는 소득이동성 효과를 분석한다. 분석결과, 첫째, 국민연금이 모든 소득계층에 대해 소득보장효과를 유발하는 것으로 나타났다. 국민연금의 성격에 근거하여 예상대로 소득 보전율은 저소득층에서 높고 고소득층에서는 상대적으로 낮았으나 일정한 패턴을 발견할 수 없었다. 둘째, 국민연금의 소득재분배효과를 분석한 결과, 국민연금은 소득분배를 개선하며 소득 양극화도 완화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 국민연금이 국민연금 수령가구가 은퇴 후 고소득층으로 이동하는 것을 도와주고 저소득층으로 추락하는 것을 방지하는 효과를 보였는데, 특히 저소득층으로 하향 이동을 방지하는 효과가 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이상에서 국민연금제도가 예상대로 소득보장효과와 재분배효과가 있음은 물론 소득이동성에 긍정적인 효과를 유발함으로써 장기적으로 사회이동성 제고에 긍정적으로 작용할 수 있음을 시사해준다.
Muscodor cinnamomi, a new endophytic species from Cinnamomum bejolghota (2011)

Volume: 114
Impact study on intentional islanding strategies of distribution networks based on distributed generation (2010)

It is widely focused on by the global researchers that distributed generation (DG) can enhance reliability of electric power system. This paper presents an impact study on a DG connected to the distribution networks and proposes rooted tree to model DG island separation according to the radial structure. The directed properties of rooted tree are adopted to reduce the solution space from exponential to linear. Depth first search of edge-weight rooted tree is to determine proper splitting points to split the entire interconnected distribution network into islands ensuring generation/load balance and satisfaction of transmission capacity constraints when islanding operation system is unavoidable. The verification of the intentional islanding scheme is proven with simulations on 7-bus and 69 bus test system.
Evaluation of the Thickness and Oxygen Transmission Rate before and after Thermoforming Mono- and Multi-layer Sheets into Trays with Variable Depth (2014)

During thermoforming, plastic sheets are heated and subsequently deformed through the application of mechanical stretching and/or pressure. This process directly impacts sheet properties such as material thickness in walls, corners, and bottom, crystallinity in the constituent layers, and particularly the oxygen gas permeability. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of thermoforming on thickness and oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of selected packaging materials (polypropylene (PP); PP/ethylene-vinyl alcohol co-polymer/PP (PP/EVOH/PP); polystyrene/EVOH/polyethylene (PS/EVOH/PE); amorphous polyethylene terephtalate/PE (APET/PE); APET/PE/EVOH/PE; polyamide/PE (PA/PE); and (PE/)PA/EVOH/PA/PE). These materials were extruded in two different thicknesses and thermoformed into trays with the same top dimensions and variable depths of 25, 50, and/or 75 mm and a 50 mm tray with a variable radius of the corners. The distribution of the material thickness in the trays was visualized, showing the locations that were most affected by the deep drawn process. The OTR results indicate that the calculated OTR, based on a homogeneous material distribution, can be used as a rough approximation of the measured OTR. However, detailed analysis of crystallization and unequal thinning, which is also related to the tray design, remains necessary to explain the deviation of the measured OTR as compared to the predicted one.
Tolerancing free-form optics for illumination (2011)

Free form surfaces allow elegant solutions in illumination optics. A complex function of the system can be achieved by a single optical element. Free form elements are usually manufactured by reproduction techniques, such as injection moulding of plastic. Manufacturing tolerances are crucial to maintain the required function while at the same time yielding the lowest possible price. We implemented a Monte Carlo tolerancing method for illumination systems. Tolerances include shape deviations of optical elements and assembly tolerances. In the absence of standards for free form tolerances and illumination optics tolerancing, communication between optics design, manufacturing and testing is often inefficient. In order to enable a highly automated evaluation of part measurement data to assess compliance with tolerances, we developed an approach to combine information from optics design, mechanical construction, manufacturing and testing into one continuous data chain. The research project is granted by the German Ministry of Education and Research.
Photodetectors: Devices, Circuits, and Applications (2001)

This book mainly describes optical-to-electronic conversion phenomena, from physical and theoretical viewpoints: i.e. devices, related circuits, and applications such as photocathodes, photomultipliers, semiconductor photodetectors, solar cells, image detectors (CCD), detection regime and figure merit and thermal detection. The majority of the contents are based on the author's lecture notes for electronic engineers, especially those following a graduate Masters course. The book is useful to the design engineer looking for practical hints, solutions and applications, because it starts with simple ideas and develops them into a wide range of topics. For readers interested in applications it can be helpful for them to skip the mathematical derivations and go directly to the results. It is regrettable there are not sufficient references to aid understanding of the definitions and equations. This book also offers a rather wide coverage of photodetectors from the point of view of devices, circuits and applications. Engineers and physicists may use it as a guide to choosing solutions and in evaluating the achievable performances in a practical photodetection problem.
On the implementation of model predictive control for on-line walking pattern generation (2008)

This article addresses the real-time implementation issues of a model predictive control based walking pattern generation for a humanoid robot. We approximate the multibody dynamic model with a linear discrete time system, and at each step solve a quadratic program in order to keep the output within a predefined set of constraints. The focus is on creating an efficient framework for forming and solving the underlying optimization problem. For that purpose we develop: a) a reliable guess for the active constraints at optimality; b) a fast way of generating an initial feasible point with respect to the set of constraints for each preview interval; c) a variable discretization sampling time. A simple implementation of a standard primal active set algorithm which exploits a "hot start" is used to demonstrate the advantages of the first point, while the latter one is verified using an existing dual solver.
Accumulation of caffeine in healthy volunteers treated with furafylline. (1987)

The pharmacokinetics and tolerance of repeated oral doses of furafylline were investigated in normal volunteers. In accord with predictions from single dose studies, steady state was achieved on the first day following the administration of 90 mg and maintained by subsequent daily doses of 30 mg. When corrected for body weight there were no significant differences in minimum and maximum plateau levels of furafylline between males (1.2-2.0 micrograms ml-1; mean body weight 67.2 kg) and females (1.6-2.6 micrograms ml-1; mean body weight 54.9 kg). The half-life of elimination was less when the plasma concentration was lower than 600 ng ml-1 than during the stationary phase of treatment. Despite constant plasma levels the repeated administration of furafylline appeared to be associated with the onset of adverse xanthine-like side effects, a finding which was subsequently traced to the presence of, and possible synergism with, accumulating serum levels of caffeine in those volunteers drinking caffeine containing beverages. Subsequent studies showed that a single dose (90 mg) of furafylline results in a rapid accumulation of caffeine given orally (100 mg twice daily) and that this is accompanied by an elimination half-life of some 50 h and an abrupt decrease in metabolite levels. The furafylline-induced accumulation of caffeine was not influenced by the smoking habits of the subjects, implying that the metabolite pathway blocked by furafylline is the demethylation of caffeine in position 3, an implication confirmed by the reduced formation of paraxanthine. This demonstration of an unacceptable level of adverse side effects resulting from a potent inhibiting effect of furafylline on the metabolism of a normal dietary constituent has obvious implications in the interpretation of drug-induced toxicity.
Securing electronic mail systems (2003)

It is pointed out that security at the network layer cannot provide application-specific services associated with electronic mail such as signed receipts and digital signatures. These deficiencies can be remedied by providing end user to end user security where mail messages are black (protected/encrypted) at all intermediate points. The authors describe the approach and implementation taken in building such a mail security device. Mail messages are protected along the entire path from originator to recipient. The messages are protected during storage and processing at all intermediate points. the security can be implemented independently of the network layer architecture or a network layer security device. The key distribution technique is suitable for client-server architectures such as electronic mail, where the number of users is large and connectivity is diverse.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Securing ZigBee Commercial Communications Using Constellation Based Distinct Native Attribute Fingerprinting (2018)

This work provides development of Constellation Based DNA (CB-DNA) Fingerprinting for use in systems employing quadrature modulations and includes network protection demonstrations for ZigBee offset quadrature phase shift keying modulation. Results are based on 120 unique networks comprised of seven authorized ZigBee RZSUBSTICK devices, with three additional like-model devices serving as unauthorized rogue devices. Authorized network device fingerprints are used to train a Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) classifier and Rogue Rejection Rate (RRR) estimated for 2520 attacks involving rogue devices presenting themselves as authorized devices. With MDA training thresholds set to achieve a True Verification Rate (TVR) of TVR = 95% for authorized network devices, the collective rogue device detection results for SNR ≥ 12 dB include average burst-by-burst RRR ≈ 94% across all 2520 attack scenarios with individual rogue device attack performance spanning 83.32% < RRR < 99.81%.
Pharmacological Interventions at the Spinal Cord: Intrathecal Injections (2003)

Both sensory inputs and motor outputs of the brain occur via the spinal cord. Spinalization, via a simple surgical cut, has allowed the elucidation of some of the intrinsic spinal circuitry underlying spinal reflexes. To understand the modulation of spinal processing by local spinal innervations and descending fibers from supraspinal structures to the spinal cord, a pharmacological approach is often more useful than a surgical one. The development of intrathecal injections () has permitted the introduction of specific agonists or antagonists locally into the spinal cord. In particular, the spinal action of opioids was thus proven ().
Master Stability Functions for Synchronized Coupled Systems (1998)

We show that many coupled oscillator array configurations considered in the literature can be put into a simple form so that determining the stability of the synchronous state can be done by a master stability function, which can be tailored to one's choice of stability requirement. This solves, once and for all, the problem of synchronous stability for any linear coupling of that oscillator.
Vitamin D receptor genotype and the risk of bone fractures in women. (1998)

Several studies have confirmed an initial report of a relation between bone density and polymorphic forms of the calcitriol (vitamin D) receptor gene, whereas others have failed to find an association. We examined whether variants of the vitamin D receptor gene are associated with the risk of bone fracture, using a nested case-control analysis within the Nurses' Health Study cohort. The study women all were Caucasian and were 43-69 years of age when they provided a blood sample. Cases included the 54 proximal femur (hip) fractures and 163 distal radius (forearm) fractures that occurred subsequent to the blood draw. Cases and controls were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction for the BsmI polymorphism. The BB genotype, previously associated with lower bone density, was associated with a more than twofold increased risk of hip fracture compared with the bb genotype. Risk was greater for women who were older, leaner, or less physically active or who had a lower calcium intake. The heterozygous genotype was not associated with any increased risk of hip fracture, and we observed little association between vitamin D receptor genotype and forearm fracture. This study supports an association between vitamin D receptor genotype and hip fracture. It also implies that modification by other risk factors may have contributed to the conflicting results from previous studies of vitamin D receptor genotype and femoral bone density.
Cytotoxic Activities of Indigenous Plant Extracts in Cultured Human Cancer Cells (2002)

In continuous efforts for discovery of novel potent antitumor agents from natural products, fifty-seven methanolic extracts derived from indigenous Korean plants were primarily evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity in cultured human lung (A549) and colon (Col2) cancer cells. As a result, 16 plant extracts were found to be active against A549 cells and 15 extracts were active against Col2 cells in the criteria of . In particular, the extracts of Calystegia soldanella , Heloniopsis orientalis , and Thuja koraiensis showed a potent cytotoxic activity. Further study for the identification of active compounds from these lead extracts might be warranted.
Liquid-Handling Robotic Workstations for Functional Genomics (2004)

More and more functional genomics laboratories are willing to invest in robotic workstations due to the higher throughput liquid-handling intensive nature of the work. In this report, the features of robotic workstations important for functional genomics are discussed. Workstations for functional genomics are useful for replication of clone sets, PCR and sequencing set-up and clean-up, hit picking, gel loading, and nucleic acid purification procedures. Workstations not only increase throughput, but also ensure that assay steps are performed consistently, human error- and learning curve-free from run to run. Workstations fit on a laboratory bench and may have several robotic arms in different configurations. Available configurations include grippers and single-, oligo-, or multi-probe heads, with uniform or independent spanning, and liquid-level detection or tracking options. Most hardware and software packages can be designed for integration with other automated devices, building towards a fully automated system.
Intensity dependent polarisation frequency splitting in an Er 3+ -doped fibre laser (1988)

An intensity dependent polarisation frequency splitting phenomenon in an Er3+-doped fibre laser operating at 1.55µm has been observed for the first time. The frequency splitting is significant and 530GHz has been measured.
An approach to the pervasive formal specification and verification of an automotive system (2005)

The Verisoft project aims at the pervasive formal verification of entire computer systems. In particular, the verification of functional and timing properties of the Automotive System is attempted. This is a distributed system, whose components consist of hardware (processor and devices), a real-time operating system, and applications. In this paper we give an overview of the system architecture and its industrial relevance. We will discuss in detail the model layers from the hardware up to a computational model for concurrent user processes interacting with a generic microkernel written in C. This is work in progress, so we will report on its current status, our goals and the next steps we want to take.
Ultratrace elements in nutrition: Current knowledge and speculation (1998)

The term ultratrace element has been defined as an element with an established, estimated, or suspected requirement generally indicated by μg/day for humans. Between 1970 and 1984, it was suggested that 11 elements should be added to the list of ultratrace elements that included chromium, molybdenum, and selenium; these elements were arsenic, boron, bromine, cadmium, fluorine, lead, lithium, nickel, silicon, tin, and vanadium. Since 1984, it has been suggested that three more elements, aluminum, germanium, and rubidium, should be added to the list, and circumstantial evidence has continued to accumulate which indicates that several of the ultratrace elements in addition to iodine and selenium, particularly arsenic, boron, chromium, nickel, silicon, and vanadium, are more important in nutrition than currently acknowledged. This evidence includes findings from human studies suggesting that boron has an essential function or beneficial effect in calcium metabolism, brain function, energy metabolism, and perhaps immune processes; and that chromium has an essential function in potentiating insulin action in the metabolism of glucose and lipids, and/or a beneficial effect on diabetes resulting from inadequate synthesis of insulin or insulin resistance. The major shortcoming that has prevented the unequivocal acceptance of the nutritional importance of any of the ultratrace elements suggested as being essential since 1970 and chromium is that a specific biochemical function has not been identified for any of these elements. The current status of the evidence suggesting essentiality, the possible biological function, and speculated dietary need for each of the 15 elements without an identified biochemical function is reviewed. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 11:251–274, 1998. Published 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.1 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.