gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tendinopathy Discrimination by Use of Spatial Frequency Parameters in Ultrasound B-Mode Images (2008)

The structural characteristics of a healthy tendon are related to the anisotropic speckle patterns observed in ultrasonic images. This speckle orientation is disrupted upon damage to the tendon structure as observed in patients with tendinopathy. Quantification of the structural appearance of tendon shows promise in creating a tool for diagnosing, prognosing, or measuring changes in tendon organization over time. The current work describes a first step taken towards this goal-classification of Achilles tendon images into tendinopathy and control categories. Eight spatial frequency parameters were extracted from regions of interest on tendon images, filtered and classified using linear discriminant analysis. Resulting algorithms had better than 80% accuracy in categorizing tendon image kernels as tendinopathy or control. Tendon images categorized wrongly provided for an interesting clinical association between incorrect classification of tendinopathy kernels as control and the symptom and clinical time history based inclusion criteria. To assess intersession reliability of image acquisition, the first 10 subjects were imaged twice during separate sessions. Test-retest of repeated measures was excellent (tau = 0.996, ICC = (2, 1) = 0.73 with one outlier) indicating a general consistency in imaging techniques.
Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry (2003)

Differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) is an unique tool for low-cost, large-coverage surface deformations monitoring. As well known, the technique involves interferometric phase comparison of SAR images gathered at different times and has the potential to provide millimetric accuracy. Though temporal decorrelation and atmospheric dishomogeneities strongly affect interferogram quality, reliable deformation measurements can be obtained in a multi-image framework on a small subset of image pixels, corresponding to stable areas. These points, hereafter called Permanent Scatterers (PS), can be used as a "natural GPS network" to monitor terrain motion, analysing the phase history of each one. In this paper, results obtained using 34 ERS SAR images gathered over the Italian city of Ancona are presented.
Performance of a 1 kW Class Nafion-PTFE Composite Membrane Fuel Cell Stack (2012)

Composite membranes have been prepared by impregnation of Nafion into the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EPTFE) matrix. Nafion loading in the composite membranes was kept constant at 2 mg/cm 2 . The lower amount of electrolyte per unit area in the composite membranes offers cost advantages compared to conventional membrane of 50 μ m thickness with an electrolyte loading of ~ 9 mg/cm 2 . Composite membranes (30 μ m thickness) were found to have higher thermal stability and mechanical strength compared to the conventional membranes (50 μ m thickness). The performance of the membrane electrode assembly made with these composite membranes was comparable to that of the conventional membranes. Single cells fabricated from these MEAs were tested for their performance and durability before scaling them up for large area. The performance of a 20-cell stack of active area 330 cm 2 fabricated using these membranes is reported.
Map building for mobile robot based on distributed control technology (2011)

In this paper, we presents an efficient Simultaneous Localization and Map-Building (SLAM) technique for indoor mobile robot navigation based on Laser Range Finder and Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter (RBPF). Robot Technology Middleware (RTM) was used in the developed system. By using RTM, we can develop functional elements as “RT software components” that can be implemented by different programming languages, run in different operating system, or connected in different networks to inter-operate. Based on RTM, we developed LRF data getting component, mobile robot control component, data buffer component, RBPF component, matching component, local map component and GUI component. This paper describes the architecture of the proposed system and gives some experimental results.
The Prospect of Using Permanent Downhole Sensors for Monitoring Oilfield Scales (2014)

Abstract This paper aims to extend the scope of a previous investigation of the applicability of combined electrical resistivity and temperature logs for monitoring scale in carbonate formations during carbon dioxide sequestration in saline carbonate aquifer or during CO2-EOR projects. This study intends to extend the scope of resistivity and temperature logs to a new area of importance which is scale monitoring in real time and in-situ in porous media, completion, and surface facilities. Previous works have focused on the use of electrical resistivity measurements to track carbon dioxide migration by observing time lapse resistivity change based on the understanding that electrical resistivity only changes when rock fluid saturation or rock content changes. Such experiments were also conducted only within several hours or less. They did not consider the effect of fluid rock interaction on formation resistivity. Also, in field application, time lapse in the range of months is often considered thereby neglecting vital information from the reservoirs if measurements were taken continuously. It is discussed in this paper that such voluminous data often ignored or not taken during logging has a lot to tell about the processes going on in the reservoir or in production facilities particularly during CO2 projects. Furthermore, no real time and in-situ down-hole scale monitoring technique currently exists. Current practice involves frequent and continuous geochemical and petrographic analysis of produced formation water cuttings. The technique proposed in the current study comes with no additional cost as it utilizes permanent down-hole sensors such as temperature and resistivity. Introduction Scale deposits in reservoirs and around injection and production wells is a common phenomenon in CO2 injection projects. Scales can significantly reduce formation injectivity or productivity, and subsequently increase project cost. Common oil field scales include Calcium Carbonate, Calcium Sulphate, Barium Sulphates, and Strontium Sulphate. They clog formation pore throats and also deposit in downhole equipment and surface facilities. Oil field scale management technique involves chemical treatment by injecting scale inhibitors such has chelating agents, inorganic phosphates, and phosphonates into formation water and then constant monitoring of scale formation by continuous geochemical analysis of produced formation water and petrographic analysis of cuttings. Such monitoring technique is laborious, expensive, and susceptible to error from surface analysis and due to change in fluid compositional change. Fluids compositional change occur because the formation fluids loose some dissolved gases and some ions precipitate out of solution during migration from the formation to the surface. Furthermore, monitoring are not in real time and non-in situ.
Physiological cardiac remodelling in response to endurance exercise training: cellular and molecular mechanisms (2011)

Exercise training fosters the health and performance of the cardiovascular system, and represents nowadays a powerful tool for cardiovascular therapy. Exercise exerts its beneficial effects through reducing cardiovascular risk factors, and directly affecting the cellular and molecular remodelling of the heart. Traditionally, moderate endurance exercise training has been viewed to determine a balanced and revertible physiological growth, through cardiomyocyte hypertrophy accompanied by appropriate neoangiogenesis (the Athlete's Heart). These cellular adaptations are due to the activation of signalling pathways and in particular, the IGF-1/IGF-1R/Akt axis appears to have a major role. Recently, it has been shown that physical exercise determines cardiac growth also through new cardiomyocyte formation. Accordingly, burgeoning evidence indicates that exercise training activates circulating, as well as resident tissue-specific cardiac, stem/progenitor cells. Dissecting the mechanisms for stem/progenitor cell activation with exercise will be instrumental to devise new effective therapies, encompassing myocardial regeneration for a large spectrum of cardiovascular diseases.
The Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial: Incidence of Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality During 6-Year Follow-up After Stopping  -Carotene and Retinol Supplements (2004)

The previously reported adverse effects of beta-carotene and retinyl palmitate on lung cancer incidence and all-cause mortality in cigarette smokers and individuals with occupational exposure to asbestos persisted after drug administration was stopped although they are no longer statistically significant. Planned subgroup analyses suggest that the excess risks of lung cancer were restricted primarily to females, and cardiovascular disease mortality primarily to females and to former smokers.
Biological basis for the surgical treatment of depression (2008)

An estimated 20% of patients with major depression are refractory to existing therapies. The purpose of this review is to provide a theoretical and neuroscientific framework in which to interpret new work in the field of surgical treatment for depression. This review focuses on existing clinical and imaging data, current disease models, and results of recent case reports and patient series that together may inform the construction of appropriate clinical trials for the surgical treatment of refractory depression.
GreenCloud: A Packet-Level Simulator of Energy-Aware Cloud Computing Data Centers (2010)

Cloud computing data centers are becoming increasingly popular for the provisioning of computing resources. The cost and operating expenses of data centers have skyrocketed with the increase in computing capacity. Several governmental, industrial, and academic surveys indicate that the energy utilized by computing and communication units within a data center contributes to a considerable slice of the data center operational costs. In this paper, we present a simulation environment for energy-aware cloud computing data centers. Along with the workload distribution, the simulator is designed to capture details of the energy consumed by data center components (servers, switches, and links) as well as packet-level communication patterns in realistic setups. The simulation results obtained for two-tier, three- tier, and three-tier high-speed data center architectures demonstrate the effectiveness of the simulator in utilizing power management schema, such as voltage scaling, frequency scaling, and dynamic shutdown that are applied to the computing and networking components.
A Method to Measure Speaking Time and Speech Sound Pressure Level (2000)

Many voice disorders are associated with vocal loading, but easy measurement of the vocal load has not been possible so far. To fulfil this need, an easily accessible method was developed and tested. Speaking time and speaking sound level can be recorded during normal work, and measurement can be made in a noisy environment. The measurement is made with a pair of modern noise exposure analysers from which the data is transferred to a personal computer, and the voice speaking time and the related sound pressure levels are calculated with a spreadsheet program. Suitable meters are available from various manufacturers. The method may be applied to measure the need of voice use in different professions, assessing a person's performance in his or her work or evaluating the effects of voice therapy on speaking performance.
Metabolites of all-trans-retinoic acid in bile: identification of all-trans- and 13-cis-retinoyl glucuronides. (1982)

The metabolites of all-trans-['H]retinoic acid were studied in the rat bile.In the bile duct cannulated rat 80 to 86% of the dose is excreted into the bile within 24 h after the intravenous administration of either a physiological or pharmacological dose of all-tn~m-[~Hlretinoic acid.Polar metabolites of retinoic acid predominate (73 to 96% of bile 'H) in the bile at all times; some free retinoic acid (0.2 to 4.8% of bile 3H) is excreted into the bile during the initial 6-h period after dosing.Retinoyl glucuronides are excreted into the bile for 12 h after dosing; their excretion is highest during the first 2 h.More retinoyl glucuronide is excreted from the pharmacological dose (10% of the radiolabel dose) than from the physiological dose (4.4% of the dose) of alltrans-retinoic acid.The retinoyl glucuronides were separated and were shown to consist of d-trane-and 13cis-retinoyl glucuronides in a ratio of 1.5 to 1.0.Since the starting material was 99% all-trans-retinoic acid and the methods used do not cause isomerization, it is concluded that cis--tnvzs isomerization of retinoic acid is a physiologically relevant reaction.Studies on the metabolism of retinoic acid are of considerable importance because of the possibility that this physiologically occurring retinoid may be the active form of vitamin A,and because it has therapeutic potential in the carcinogenesis process (1, 2).Recent studies suggest that the rapid disappearance of administered retinoic acid (3-6) is associated with the appearance of many metabolites in the plasma and bile of rats (7,8).One of the identified biliary metabolites of retinoic acid is retinoyl glucuronide (7,9); it accounts for 12% of biliary metabolites of retinoic acid after a pharmacological dose (7).These studies have also suggested that the retinoyl glucuronide present in bile is a mixture of &-trans and 13-cis isomers.The present report demonstrates that 13-cis-and all-transretinoyl glucuronides are in uzuo metabolites of all-trunsretinoic acid and are found in the bile after a physiological as well as after a pharmacological dose of all-trans-retinoic acid. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURESRadwchemicals, Their Purifiation and Preparation of Doses-
Overexpression of WAX INDUCER1/SHINE1 Gene Enhances Wax Accumulation under Osmotic Stress and Oil Synthesis in Brassica napus (2019)

WAX INDUCER1/SHINE1 (WIN1) belongs to the AP2/EREBP transcription factor family and plays an important role in wax and cutin accumulation in plants. Here we show that BnWIN1 from <i>Brassica napus</i> (Bn) has dual functions in wax accumulation and oil synthesis. Overexpression (OE) of <i>BnWIN1</i> led to enhanced wax accumulation and promoted growth without adverse effects on oil synthesis under salt stress conditions. Lipid profiling revealed that <i>BnWIN1</i>-OE plants accumulated more waxes with elevated C29-alkanes, C31-alkanes, C28-alcohol, and C29-alcohol relative to wild type (WT) under salt stress. Moreover, overexpression of <i>BnWIN1</i> also increased seed oil content under normal growth conditions. BnWIN1 directly bound to the promoter region of genes encoding biotin carboxyl carrier protein 1 (BCCP1), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 9 (GPAT9), lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 5 (LPAT5), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) involved in the lipid anabolic process. Overexpression of <i>BnWIN1</i> resulted in upregulated expression of numerous genes involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis, wax accumulation, and oil production. The results suggest that BnWIN1 is a transcriptional activator to regulate the biosynthesis of both extracellular and intracellular lipids.
Physics at Oak Ridge (1950)

The research effort here in Oak Ridge bears in some measure on almost every phase of the country's atomic energy program. For the laboratory here—unlike the national laboratories at Argonne, Brookhaven, Berkeley, Ames, and Los Alamos—has no single primary function but has many different areas in which it contributes, with about equal emphasis, to the development of atomic energy technology.
The dehydration of brucite (1961)

Summary This process has been reinvestigated, mainly with X-rays, using an FeO-containing, fibrous variety (nemalite), and also a nearly pure specimen. The results confirm that the transformation is oriented, the c - and a -directions of the brucite becoming the normals to (111) and (11̄0) in the periclase. There is an intermediate, spinel-like stage; the spinel a -axis is parallel to, and twice as long as, that of the periclase. This stage is especially prominent when nemalite is heated in air or nitrogen, but is shown also by the nearly pure material. The nemalite shows also a further intermediate stage under certain conditions. A new hypothesis is proposed for the dehydration mechanism, in which the number of oxygen atoms per unit volume is ahnost unchanged in those parts of the crystal that are converted into periclase. The process is essentially one of cation migration, and the occurrence of the spinel-like phase is readily explained. Similar mechanisms possibly apply to the dehydration of other lamellar hydroxides and oxy-hydroxides (e.g. gibbsite, kaolinite) and of certain carbonates and other oxy-salts.
Efficient distributed control protocols for WDM all-optical networks (2002)

Path multiplexing (PM) and link multiplexing (LM) are two approaches for establishing connections (or lightpaths) in optical networks. This paper describes distributed control protocols for establishing lightpaths in WDM networks using LM and PM. We propose and evaluate the performance of two classes of protocols, namely source initiated reservation (SIR) and destination initiated reservation (DIR). It is found that DIR protocols generally perform better than SIR protocols. However, the impacts of DIR protocols on the performance of a network using LM and PM are different.
Buffering Control Methods and Streaming Protocol Extensions for Adaptive Media Streaming (2007)

In this paper we propose and describe buffering control methods and streaming protocol extensions for adaptive media streaming. We propose protocol extensions for Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), the control protocol for Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) - RTCP, and Session Description Protocol (SDP) for supporting communication of buffering parameters between server and receiver entities. We will propose and describe the relevant buffer parameters and techniques for buffer parameter exchange before and during the establishment of a streaming media session, after playback control operations, and during streaming. This type of buffer parameter exchange can result in improving the performance of the streaming media system. For example, the protocol extensions can allow decreased stream start-up latency by adapting the transmission rate of the stream based on the buffering requirements and capabilities. It is also possible to achieve increased robustness to variations in the available network bandwidth by combining several techniques proposed in this paper, such as buffer fullness reports (BFRs) and transmission rate adaptation.
A versatile zero ripple topology (2003)

A lightweight and efficient converter topology is described that presents zero ripple current on both input and output terminals simultaneously. The static and dynamic analyses are performed by using state representation with the current-injected method. A hardware application suitable for a space-station battery conditioner is presented as a validation of the theoretical model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
aureusstant Staphylococcus Streptococcus pyogenes and by Activity Protects against Mixed Infection Novel Bacteriophage Lysin with Broad Lytic (2014)

are responsible for millions of serious and some-times fatal infections worldwide. Additionally, resistance to con-ventional antibiotics has been on the rise, resulting in increasedinfection rates, morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs. Conse-quently, new therapeutic methods need to be developed to reducethe antibiotic pressure on these pathogens.
Palladium-Catalyzed Hiyama Couplings of α-Silylenoates and α-Silylenamides (2012)

The Hiyama couplings of both α-silylenoates and α-silylenamides are described. These sensitive substrate classes require particularly specific conditions, employing both appropriate silicon-based species and a silver additive to realize high yields of the coupling products. Regioselective platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylations provide a direct and convenient entry into these stereodefined trisubstituted alkenes.
Removal of Cyclic Di-<i>t</i>-butylsilanedlyl Protecting Groups Using Tributylamine Hydrofluoride (TBAHF) Reagent (1989)

Abstract Cyclic di-t-butylsilanediyl protecting groups were rapidly and cleanly removed from 3′,5′-cyclic silanediyl nucleosides by a mild and convenient reagent, tributylamine hydrofluoride in tetrahydrofuran.
The stability of Tenax TA thermal desorption tubes in simulated field conditions on the HAPSITE<sup>®</sup>ER (2015)

Due to the growing need to monitor aircraft cabin, cockpit and breathing-line air quality, functional assessment of sampling equipment for the specialised field conditions of flight need to be established for both in-flight and ground safety. In this article, we assess the reliability of Tenax TA thermal desorption tubes to perform under various relevant field sampling conditions, such as storage temperature, loading temperature, vibrational velocity, gravitational force (G Force) and altitude pressure with semi-real-time gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis on the field portable HAPSITE® ER (Hazardous Air Pollutants on Site Extended Range) instrument. First, we show that Tenax TA thermal desorption tubes can handle storage under extreme environmental conditions, 4–77°C, over numerous analytical test cycles. Next, we confirm that extreme loading temperature, both hot (77°C) and cold (4°C), does not affect the analytical reliability of Tenax TA thermal desorption tubes. Then, we illustrate that G Force may have a significant (p ≤ 0.0364) effect on Tenax TA performance while vibrational velocity (p ≤ 0.7265) and low ambient air pressure (p ≤ 0.1753), such as that found at high altitude, do not. Finally, several Tenax TA thermal desorption tubes were flight-tested, demonstrating that the durability of these tubes maybe insufficient for use on military cargo aircraft (p = 0.0107). The results presented here provide a rationale for additional testing of Tenax TA thermal desorption tubes for flight suitability.
New bounds for circulant Johnson-Lindenstrauss embeddings (2014)

This paper analyzes circulant Johnson-Lindenstrauss (JL) embeddings which, as an important class of structured random JL embeddings, are formed by randomizing the column signs of a circulant matrix generated by a random vector. With the help of recent decoupling techniques and matrix-valued Bernstein inequalities, we obtain a new bound k = O( -2 log (1+) (n)) for Gaussian circulant JL embeddings. Moreover, by using the Laplace transform technique (also called Bernstein's trick), we extend the result to the subgaussian case. The bounds in this paper offer a small improvement over the current best bounds for Gaussian circulant JL embeddings for certain parameter regimes and are derived using more direct methods.
Short-term Anti-Ischemic Effect of 17β-Estradiol in Postmenopausal Women With Coronary Artery Disease (1997)

17Beta-estradiol reduces the degree of pacing-induced myocardial ischemia in postmenopausal patients with coronary artery disease. The reduction of pacing-induced coronary sinus pH shift is consistent with an anti-ischemic effect of the hormone and is not due to preconditioning, as evidenced by the absence of improvement after placebo.