gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured anode materials for Li-ion batteries (2008)

Abstract This paper focuses on the latest progress in the preparation of a series of nanostructured anode materials in our laboratory and their electrochemical properties for Li-ion batteries. These anode materials include core-shell structured Si nanocomposites, TiO 2 nanocomposites, novel MoO 2 anode material, and carbon nanotube (CNT)-coated SnO 2 nanowires (NWs). The substantial advantages of these nanostructured anodes provide greatly improved electrochemical performance including high capacity, better cycling behavior, and rate capability.
Electroabsorption modulator with passive waveguidespotsize converters (1994)

The authors demonstrate an electroabsorption modulator operating at 1.55 µm wavelength, which is integrated with passive waveguide gradually tapered spotsize transformers allowing a low loss coupling to cleaved flat optical fibres. The modulator has 10.1 dB total fibre to fibre insertion loss with 15 dB extinction ratio and 300 Å spectral range. The modulator polarisation sensitivity is lower than 0.5 dB.
Dependence of indomethacin-induced potentiation of murine tumor radioresponse on tumor host immunocompetence. (1990)

In a previous study (Furuta, Y., Hunter, N., Barkley, H. T., Jr., Hall, E., and Milas, L., Cancer Res., 48:3008-3013, 1988), we demonstrated that inhibition of prostaglandins in murine tumors by indomethacin results in the augmentation of tumor response to single doses of ionizing radiation. The results of the present study show that indomethacin augmented tumor response to fractionated irradiation as well, the enhancement factor being more than 2. The effect of indomethacin on tumor growth and on tumor radioresponse was assayed in normal mice, mice deficient in T-cells (nude mice), and mice whose general immunocompetence was suppressed by whole-body irradiation. The antitumor activity of indomethacin was not significantly influenced by the immunocompetence of the tumor host. Since indomethacin inhibited tumor neoangiogenesis, we postulated that this inhibition is a major mechanism responsible for the antitumor activity of indomethacin. In contrast, potentiation of tumor radioresponse by indomethacin was greatly dependent on immunocompetence of tumor host: it was significantly reduced, or even abolished, when tumor grew in nude and whole-body irradiation mice. Thus, while immunocompetence of the tumor host has no significant effect on antitumor action by indomethacin, it plays a decisive role in the potentiation of tumor radioresponse by indomethacin.
Enhancement of arachidonic acid liberation by protein kinase C activator is partially dependent on extracellular Na<sup>+</sup> in rabbit platelets (1989)

In [3H]arachidonic acid-labeled rabbit platelets, pretreatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (20 nM) or dioctanoylglycerol (20 microM) enhanced [3H]arachidonic acid liberation induced by low concentration of A23187 (150 nM). When extracellular Na+ was replaced with N-methyl-D-glucamine, the enhancement is reduced by about 50%. Similar synergistic enhancement of the liberation was obtained by using monensin (2-10 microM) or NH4Cl (5-20 mM) in place of protein kinase C activator in combination with A23187. The guanosine 5'-O-[3-thiotriphosphate] (100 microM)-induced liberation was also enhanced by a rise of extracellular pH (pH 7.0-7.8) in saponin-permeabilized platelets. These results suggest that the enhancement of arachidonic acid liberation by protein kinase C may partially be mediated by intracellular alkalinization in rabbit platelets.
Network+ Exam Cram 2 (Exam N10-002) (2002)

From the Publisher:

This exam certifies that candidates know the layers of the OSI model, can describe the features and functions of network components, and have the skills needed to install, configure, and troubleshoot basic networking hardware peripherals and protocols. The certification is endorsed by Microsoft (as part of its popular new MCSA program), Cisco, Novell, and 3Com, among others. This book is not intended to teach new material. Instead it assumes that you have a solid foundation of knowledge but can use a refresher on important concepts as well as a guide to exam topics and objectives. This book focuses exactly on what you need to pass the exam - it features test-taking strategies, time-saving study tips, and a special Cram Sheet that includes tips, acronyms, and memory joggers not available anywhere else. The series is supported online at several Web sites: examcram.com, informit.com, and cramsession.com, and 24/7 technical support is available through KnowledgePool.com!

The accompanying CD features PrepLogic Practice Tests, Preview Edition. This product includes one complete PrepLogic Practice Test with approximately the same number of questions found on the actual vendor exam. Each question contains full, detailed explanations of the correct and incorrect answers. The engine offers two study modes, Practice Test and Flash Review, full exam customization, and a detailed score report.
Interface adhesion between copper lead frame and epoxy moulding compound: effects of surface finish, oxidation and dimples (2002)

A comprehensive study is made of the effects of dimple and finishing material of copper alloy lead frame on interface adhesion with epoxy moulding compound. The surface plating materials studied include copper alloy, microetched copper, Ag, black oxide coating, Ni, Pd/Ni and Au/Ni plating. Special emphasis was placed on the effects of various stages in manufacturing processes, including post mould cure, thermal cycling, IR reflow and temperature and humidity storage, on the changes in interface adhesion. The interface bond strength was measured using the lead pull test. The lead frame surface was characterized using various techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, Raman spectroscopy and contact angle measurements, to correlate the measured interface bond strength with the surface characteristics of various types. It was confirmed that dimples etched on the lead frame surface offered several mechanical anchoring mechanisms and much improved interface bond with moulding compound. The interface bond strength and the number of dimples exhibited roughly a linear relationship. The black oxide and Pd coated surfaces were shown to provide the strongest interface adhesion, with the highest wettability amongst various surface finishes studied. The measurement of contact angle is proved to be an efficient method of evaluating the metal surface quality for interface adhesion with polymer resin.
Flexible N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine analog: synthesis and monoamine oxidase catalyzed bioactivation (1990)

Eighteen analogues of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were synthesized and evaluated as substrates of monoamine oxidase. In general, the flexible analogues, characterized by the presence of a methylene (or ethylene) bridge between the aryl/heteroaryl and tetrahydropyridyl moieties, were better substrates of the enzyme than the conformationally restricted MPTP. It is suggested that the increased oxidative activity of these flexible analogues reflects enhanced binding due to the ability of the C-4-aryl/heteroaryl substituent to gain access to a hydrophobic pocket within the substrate binding site.
On Use of a Nominal Internal Model to Detect a Loss of Balance in a Maximal Forward Reach (2007)

We hypothesize that the CNS detects a loss of balance by comparing outputs predicted by a nominal, forward internal model with actual sensory outputs. When the resulting control error signal reaches an anomalously large value, this control error anomaly (CEA) signals a loss of balance and precedes any observable compensatory response. To test this hypothesis, a multi-input, multi-output internal model of a standing forward reach task was developed that incorporated on-line model identification and a Gaussian failure detection algorithm. Eleven healthy young women were then asked to stand and reach forward to a target positioned from 95 to 125% of their maximum reach distance. Kinematic and kinetic data were recorded at 100 Hz unilaterally from the upper body, leg, and foot. Evidence of successful CEA detection was a compensatory step between 100 ms and 2 s later. The results show that use of a threshold, set at 3 SD from the mean, on error in the control of leg segment acceleration detected a CEA and correctly predicted a compensatory response in 92.6% of 108 trials. Leg acceleration control error was a better predictor than upper body or foot acceleration control error (P = 0.000). CEA detection performed more reliably than loss of balance detection algorithms based on kinematic thresholds (P = 0.000). The results support the hypothesis that a loss of balance may be identified via the use of a nominal forward internal model and probabilistic error monitoring.
Preparation and Characterization of Thin Film Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Electrodes by Magnetron Sputtering. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nuclear Import and DNA Binding of the ZHD5 Transcription Factor Is Modulated by a Competitive Peptide Inhibitor in Arabidopsis (2010)

Competitive inhibition of transcription factors by small proteins is an intriguing component of gene regulatory networks in both animals and plants. The small interfering proteins possess limited sequence homologies to specific transcription factors but lack one or more protein motifs required for transcription factor activities. They interfere with the activities of transcription factors, such as DNA binding and transcriptional activation, by forming nonfunctional heterodimers. A potential example is the Arabidopsis MIF1 (mini zinc finger 1) protein consisting of 101 residues. It has a zinc finger domain but lacks other protein motifs normally present in transcription factors. In this work, we show that MIF1 and its functional homologues physically interact with a group of zinc finger homeodomain (ZHD) transcription factors, such as ZHD5, that regulate floral architecture and leaf development. Gel mobility shift assays revealed that MIF1 blocks the DNA binding activity of ZHD5 homodimers by competitively forming MIF1-ZHD5 heterodimers. Accordingly, the transcriptional activation activity of ZHD5 was significantly suppressed by MIF1 coexpressed transiently in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Notably, MIF1 also prevents ZHD5 from nuclear localization. Although ZHD5 was localized exclusively in the nucleus, it was scattered throughout the cytoplasm when MIF1 was coexpressed. Transgenic plants overexpressing the ZHD5 gene (35S:ZHD5) exhibited accelerated growth with larger leaves. Consistent with the negative regulation of ZHD5 by MIF1, the 35S:ZHD5 phenotypes were diminished by MIF1 coexpression. These observations indicate that MIF1 regulates the ZHD5 activities in a dual step manner: nuclear import and DNA binding.
Interior-Point Polynomial Algorithms in Convex Programming (1994)

Written for specialists working in optimization, mathematical programming, or control theory. The general theory of path-following and potential reduction interior point polynomial time methods, interior point methods, interior point methods for linear and quadratic programming, polynomial time methods for nonlinear convex programming, efficient computation methods for control problems and variational inequalities, and acceleration of path-following methods are covered. In this book, the authors describe the first unified theory of polynomial-time interior-point methods. Their approach provides a simple and elegant framework in which all known polynomial-time interior-point methods can be explained and analyzed; this approach yields polynomial-time interior-point methods for a wide variety of problems beyond the traditional linear and quadratic programs. The book contains new and important results in the general theory of convex programming, e.g., their conic problem formulation in which duality theory is completely symmetric. For each algorithm described, the authors carefully derive precise bounds on the computational effort required to solve a given family of problems to a given precision. In several cases they obtain better problem complexity estimates than were previously known. Several of the new algorithms described in this book, e.g., the projective method, have been implemented, tested on real world problems, and found to be extremely efficient in practice. Contents : Chapter 1: Self-Concordant Functions and Newton Method; Chapter 2: Path-Following Interior-Point Methods; Chapter 3: Potential Reduction Interior-Point Methods; Chapter 4: How to Construct Self- Concordant Barriers; Chapter 5: Applications in Convex Optimization; Chapter 6: Variational Inequalities with Monotone Operators; Chapter 7: Acceleration for Linear and Linearly Constrained Quadratic Problems
The interaction of ethane, propane, isobutane, and neopentane with the (110) surface of iridium (1982)

The adsorption and reaction of ethane, propane, isobutane, and neopentane with the reconstructed Ir (110)–(1×2) surface have been studied with the thermal description mass spectrometry. As the surface is heated, these hydrocarbons decompose to yield gaseous hydrogen and adsorbed carbon. No hydrocarbons other than the hydrocarbon initially adsorbed was observed to desorb under any of the conditions described in this investigation. The reactivity of the surface for the dissociation of the saturated hydrocarbons is linearly related to the availability of vacant β2 hydrogen adsites on the surface. Three thermal desorption states of hydrogen, identified as the α, β′2, and γ thermal desorption states, were observed following the dissociation of propane, isobutane, and neopentane. The α and γ thermal desorption states are hydrogen molecules desorbing from the surface following the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon fragments on the surface, and the β′2 thermal desorption state represents hydrogen atoms that are bound to the metal surface in sites that are similar to the β2 adsites of hydrogen on the clean surface. The thermal desorption of hydrogen following exposure of the surface to ethane exhibits only a β′2 thermal desorption peak.
Feasibility study of its drifting-out-of-lane alert system (1995)

This Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) project investigated two concepts for low-cost automated systems that can sense when a vehicle drifts out of its lane and then alert the driver. One system was based on vehicle-mounted infrared (IR) sensors and the other on radio-frequency (RF) sensors, both of which can detect reflective paint stripes on the lane boundaries. Results indicate that both technologies may be used to detect suitable paint stripes, but further refinement is necessary, and important issues remain to be addressed. It is recommended that further study of the RF technology be conducted. The IR technology has certain benefits over RF methods, but is not suitable in inclement weather conditions.
Unburned Fuel and Formaldehyde Purification Characteristics of Catalytic Converters for Natural Gas Fueled Automotive Engine (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The purification performances of catalytic converters (Pt, Rh, Pd, Pd/Rh, Pt/Pd, Pt/Rh/Pd, Pt̲Pd and Pd̲Cu) were investigated to select suitable one for newly developed liquified natural gas(LNG) fueled vehicle. Two types of the construction of the catalytic converter, single-bed type and dual-bed type using two different catalysts in series, were used. A natural gas engine that has been modified the 3 cylinder gasoline spark ignition engine of 0.55 liter displacement equipped with newly developed manifold injectors was used for the investigation. The conversion performance of the exhaust gas at different catalyst temperatures was discussed with main emphases on methane conversion. The durability of the catalyst and the optimum loading of Pd catalyst were also investigated. To understand the suitable operating condition for the developed LNG engine, the effect of air excess ratio and engine load were examined. Formaldehyde emission characteristic with various engine conditions was also investigated.</div>
Pluronic L81 enhances triacylglycerol accumulation in the cytosol and inhibits chylomicron secretion (2006)

Pluronic L81 (PL81) inhibits fat absorption, and other Pluronic copolymers help overcome drug resistance in cancer cells. To understand how PL81 acts, we synthesized a radiolabeled analog, [14C]PL81, and showed that it was structurally similar to PL81 based on (1)H NMR as well as mass spectrometric analysis. [14C]PL81 inhibited the secretion of chylomicrons (CMs), lipoproteins essential for fat absorption, by differentiated Caco-2 cells similar to PL81. Moreover, PL81 competed with the cellular uptake of [14C]PL81. Thus, [14C]PL81 and PL81 behave similarly in these physiologic assays. Uptake of [14C]PL81 by Caco-2 cells was concentration-, time-, and temperature-dependent and occurred mainly from the apical side. Intracellularly, it was assimilated in the cytosol. Cells excreted PL81 toward the apical side via a pathway partially sensitive to verapamil. Small amounts were secreted toward the basolateral side unassociated with CM, and this secretion was unaffected by the inhibition of CM assembly. Nonetheless, PL81 significantly inhibited the secretion of triacylglycerols (TGs) and phospholipids as part of CM. PL81-treated cells showed decreased activity of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and accumulated more TGs, but not phospholipids, in their cytosol. We propose that Pluronic copolymers act by interfering with the export of molecules from the cytosol. They inhibit fat absorption by decreasing TG transport to the endoplasmic reticulum and increase drug efficacy against cancer cells by competing for their excretion.
Synthesis and surface properties of chemodegradable anionic surfactants: Diastereomeric (2‐<i>n</i>‐alkyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐5‐yl) sulfates with monovalent counter‐ions (2000)

Abstract Sodium, potassium and ammonium cis ‐ and trans ‐(2‐ n ‐alkyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐5‐yl) sulfates 6–8 (alkyl: n ‐C 9 H 19 , 6a–8a , and n ‐C 11 H 23 , 6b–8b ) were synthesized in a reaction of aliphatic aldehydes 1a,b with glycerol 2 followed by separation in high yields of individual geometric isomers of cis ‐and trans ‐2‐ n ‐alkyl‐5‐hydroxy‐1,3‐dioxanes, cis ‐ 3a,b and trans ‐ 3a,b , followed by sulfation with sulfur trioxide‐pyridine complex, and finally neutralization with NaOH, KOH, and NH 4 OH, respectively. Physical data of the compounds and some surface properties of 2‐ n ‐nonyl derivatives, such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness of aqueous surface tension reduction (Π CMC ), surface excess concentration Γ CMC , and the surface area demand per molecule (A CMC ), were determined. It was shown that the surface activity of these compounds is influenced both by their geometric structure and by the monovalent counter‐ion.
Environmental Stewardship: Global Applications of a Nonradioactive Method To Identify Proppant Placement and Propped-Fracture Height (2014)

Summary Accurate assessment of intervals receiving proppant and the determination of near-wellbore fracture heights are valuable in assessing and optimizing stimulation strategies. Proppant-placement evaluation in hydraulic fractures has traditionally involved the detection of radioactive (R/A) tracers pumped downhole with the proppant. However, as environmental regulations regarding this technique have tightened, and with increased scrutiny by the public and regulatory bodies of the industry in general and hydraulic fracturing in particular, the need for an alternative to R/A tracers has become paramount. A new technology for assessing intervals receiving proppant and determining fracture heights by use of a non-R/A detectable proppant has been introduced recently. The technology has found global acceptance and has proved to be a robust and accurate method of locating proppant in the near-wellbore region. In addition to eliminating the safety and environmental concerns with R/A tracers, this new method also provides a permanent indication of the proppant location near the wellbore. Unlike traditional R/A tracers that must be logged before the radioisotopes completely decay, this new method will allow investigation of the proppant pack many years or decades in the future, which will provide critical information during remedial or redevelopment work that cannot be determined with conventional approaches. A review of the current state of regulatory impediments to the use of R/A tracers in key producing regions around the world is presented, highlighting the need for an alternative diagnostic technology. The technology used in the application of the non-R/A detectable proppant is described, and comparisons with other fracture-diagnostic technologies are presented. Several case histories are shown that illustrate various applications of the technology in regions around the globe. These case histories include applications performed in Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and North America. In addition to identifying proppant location and fracture height, this technology can be used in other applications such as the evaluation of gravel-pack quality. If the current trends in regulatory actions related to hydraulic fracturing continue, it is anticipated that the use of R/A tracers will be restricted to fewer and fewer locales. At the same time, reliable fracture diagnostics for optimization of hydraulic fracturing, from both a wellperformance and a cost-control standpoint, remains extremely important.
Unique features of human cathelicidin<scp>LL</scp>‐37 (2015)

Cathelicidins are antimicrobial peptides produced by humans and animals in response to various pathogenic microbes. This review intends to provide a brief overview of the expression, structure, properties and function of human cathelicidin LL-37 which may be a therapeutic agent against a variety of bacterial and viral diseases, cancers, and hard-to-heal wounds. Cathelicidins act as a primary defense against bacteria and other pathogens in the case of inflammation. They are able to kill bacteria and fungi, inhibit and destroy bacterial biofilms, and possess antiviral and antiparasitics properties. They can also play a role in angiogenesis, wound healing, and the regulation of apoptosis. The host defense peptide LL-37 has emerged as a novel modulator of tumor growth and metastasis in carcinogenesis of various types of cancers. LL-37 is an antimicrobial peptide able of inducing various effects. It acts as an anti- and pro- inflammatory factor. Cathelicidins are able to directly and selectively destroy membranes of various microbes and cancer cells, but they do not attack normal cells. The role of cathelicidins in cancer is double-sided. They play an important role in killing cancer cells and may provide a new possibility for the development of cancer therapeutics. However, they also can participate in carcinogenesis. Due to its activity spectrum LL-37 could be applied in pharmacotherapy. Cathelicidin peptides could serve as a template for the development of modern anti-microbial and anti-viral drugs. LL-37 is an excellent candidate to develop into therapeutics for infected wounds.
Determination of Soil Calcium Using Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (2009)

Soil calcium (Ca) determines several characteristics of soil fertility and affects many plant functions after absorption. It is necessary to develop a method to quickly determine soil Ca content in situ because soil Ca content can vary considerably in natural environments. Laboratory determination of Ca is laborious and costly. This study assessed the potential of field portable X-ray fluorescence (FPXRF) to be used in soil Ca determination. The consistency, repeatability, and accuracy of FPXRF are carefully examined using both artificial and natural soil samples. The effects of sample treatments including drying, bagging, grinding, and sieving on FPXRF are also investigated. Results show that FPXRF can detect and quantify total soil Ca content rapidly, accurately, and consistently with standard or specific calibration.