gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Technology for the Imaging of Acidic Prostate Tumors by Positron Emission Tomography (2009)

Solid tumors often develop an acidic environment due to the Warburg effect. The effectiveness of diagnosis and therapy may therefore be enhanced by the design and use of pH-sensitive agents that target acidic tumors. Recently, a novel technology was introduced to target acidic tumors using pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP), a peptide that inserts across cell membranes as an alpha-helix when the extracellular pH (pH(e)) is acidic. In this study, we expanded the application of the pHLIP technology to include positron emission tomography imaging of the acidic environment in prostate tumors using (64)Cu conjugated to the pHLIP ((64)Cu-DOTA-pHLIP). Studies showed that this construct avidly accumulated in LNCaP and PC-3 tumors, with higher uptake and retention in the LNCaP tumors. Uptake correlated with differences in the bulk pH(e) of PC-3 and LNCaP tumors measured in magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments by the (31)P chemical shift of the pH(e) marker 3-aminopropylphosphonate. This article introduces a novel class of noninvasive pH-selective positron emission tomography imaging agents and opens new research directions in the diagnosis of acidic solid tumors.
Research on Rapid Measurement of Medium Short Wave Longitudinal Road Profiles (2010)

The longitudinal profile of a road causes vehicle vibration and thus an important parameter in research on the ride comfort and durability of vehicles. However, large-scale measured profiles of actual roads remain unavailable owing to technical measurement difficulties. We report a vehicle-mounted system for measuring short-to medium-wave road profiles in a broad frequency range. In this system, the longitudinal displacement of the vehicle is measured by incrementally revolving encoder, the vehicle attitude is measured by a gyroscope, and the vertical displacement is measured by laser displacement sensors in conjunction with dual accelerometers. An algorithm was designed to reconstruct road profiles on the basis of the double integral of acceleration with respect to time and vehicle attitude compensation, and used for the rapid measurement of short- to medium-wave longitudinal road profiles. The accuracy of the road profiles measured using this system were confirmed by comparison with results obtained using a precision level and a static laser scale. The proposed system can accurately and rapidly measure road profiles at a large-scale, and thus provide important information in vehicle-related research.
Fate of fuel nitrogen during pulverized coal combustion. (1978)

Thesis. 1978. Sc.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
On attention models for human activity recognition (2018)

Deep Learning methods have become very attractive in the wider, wearables-based human activity recognition (HAR) research community. The majority of models are based on either convolutional or explicitly temporal models, or combinations of both. In this paper we introduce attention models into HAR research as a data driven approach for exploring relevant temporal context. Attention models learn a set of weights over input data, which we leverage to weight the temporal context being considered to model each sensor reading. We construct attention models for HAR by adding attention layers to a state-of-the-art deep learning HAR model (DeepConvLSTM) and evaluate our approach on benchmark datasets achieving significant increase in performance. Finally, we visualize the learned weights to better understand what constitutes relevant temporal context.
Efficient and Safe Execution of User-Level Code in the Kernel (2005)

This project has two goals. The first goal is to improve application performance by reducing context switches and data copies. We do this by either running select sections of the application in kernel-mode, or by creating new, more efficient system calls. The second goal is to ensure that kernel safety is not violated when running user-level code in the kernel. We do this by implementing various hardware- and software-based techniques for runtime monitoring of memory buffers, pointers, as well as higher-level, OS-specific constructs such as spin-locks and reference counters; the latter techniques can also be used for code written specifically for the OS. We prototyped several of these techniques. For certain applications, we demonstrate performance improvements as high as 80%. Moreover, our kernel safety checks show overheads that are as little as 2%.
Novel CMOS Linearised Balanced Output Transconductance Amplifier Based on Differential Pairs (1999)

Time continuous filter circuits using Gm-C or MOSFET-C structures are being reported frequently for various applications [1-9). The main issue is dynamic range because of the confined signal level handling capability of the basic differential pair. A linear transconductor circuit is presented using the MOS transistor square law characteristic. It is shown that the proposed transconductor offers high linearity and wide range compared with ordinary long tail differential pair transconductors (LTP). PSpice simulation results are given.
Crosstalk Between the EGFR and LIN-12/Notch Pathways in <i>C. elegans</i> Vulval Development (2004)

The Caenorhabditis elegans vulva is an important paradigm for cell-cell interactions in animal development. The fates of six vulval precursor cells are patterned through the action of the epidermal growth factor receptor-mitogen-activated protein kinase (EGFR-MAPK) inductive signaling pathway, which specifies the 1 degrees fate, and the LIN-12/Notch lateral signaling pathway, which specifies the 2 degrees fate. Here, we provide evidence that the inductive signal is spatially graded and initially activates the EGFR-MAPK pathway in the prospective 2 degrees cells. Subsequently, this effect is counteracted by the expression of multiple new negative regulators of the EGFR-MAPK pathway, under direct transcriptional control of the LIN-12-mediated lateral signal.
Phase II and Pharmacologic Study of Weekly Oral Paclitaxel Plus Cyclosporine in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2002)

Oral paclitaxel plus CsA is active and safe in advanced NSCLC, including in patients previously treated with chemotherapy.
Viruses and Human Cancers: a Long Road of Discovery of Molecular Paradigms (2014)

About a fifth of all human cancers worldwide are caused by infectious agents. In 12% of cancers, seven different viruses have been causally linked to human oncogenesis: Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, human papillomavirus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, hepatitis C virus, Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. Here, we review the many molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis that have been discovered over the decades of study of these viruses. We discuss how viruses can act at different stages in the complex multistep process of carcinogenesis. Early events include their involvement in mutagenic events associated with tumor initiation such as viral integration and insertional mutagenesis as well as viral promotion of DNA damage. Also involved in tumor progression is the dysregulation of cellular processes by viral proteins, and we describe how this has been investigated by studies in cell culture and in experimental animals and by molecular cellular approaches. Also important are the molecular mechanisms whereby viruses interact with the immune system and the immune evasion strategies that have evolved.
The measurement of magnetostriction constants of thin films using planar microwave devices and ferromagnetic resonance (1992)

In this paper we introduce a new technique for measuring the saturation magnetostriction constant (λs) for isotropic polycrystalline thin films. The technique makes use of nonresonant planar microwave structures together with a novel stressing mechanism to induce a shift in the resonant field of a magnetic thin film as measured by a ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) experiment. Measurement of the shift induced by a uniaxial stress allows for determination of λs via a magnetic resonance analysis. Either a slotline device or coplanar waveguide (CPW) was used as the source of the microwave excitation field depending upon the orientation of the dc magnetic field. To evaluate the technique, polycrystalline Ni films of thickness of 637 nm were sputtered onto glass substrates at room temperature for comparison with the literature. Using a 50-Ω CPW, FMR measurements at 9 GHz revealed an average value of λs of −36×10−6 a value in agreement with those previously reported. The technique provides increased flexibility over other FRM techniques as it is wideband and directly accessible.
A semantic Web primer (2004)

The development of the Semantic Web, with machine-readable content, has the potential to revolutionize the World Wide Web and its use. A Semantic Web Primer provides an introduction and guide to this still emerging field, describing its key ideas, languages, and technologies. Suitable for use as a textbook or for self-study by professionals, it concentrates on undergraduate-level fundamental concepts and techniques that will enable readers to proceed with building applications on their own and includes exercises, project descriptions, and annotated references to relevant online materials. A Semantic Web Primer provides a systematic treatment of the different languages (XML, RDF, OWL, and rules) and technologies (explicit metadata, ontologies, and logic and inference) that are central to Semantic Web development as well as such crucial related topics as ontology engineering and application scenarios. This substantially revised and updated second edition reflects recent developments in the field, covering new application areas and tools. The new material includes a discussion of such topics as SPARQL as the RDF query language; OWL DLP and its interesting practical and theoretical properties; the SWRL language (in the chapter on rules); OWL-S (on which the discussion of Web services is now based). The new final chapter considers the state of the art of the field today, captures ongoing discussions, and outlines the most challenging issues facing the Semantic Web in the future. Supplementary materials, including slides, online versions of many of the code fragments in the book, and links to further reading, can be found at http://www.semanticwebprimer.org.Grigoris Antoniou is Professor at the Institute for Computer Science, FORTH (Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas), Heraklion, Greece. Frank van Harmelen is Professor in the Department of Artificial Intelligence at the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
15-HETE-substituted diglycerides selectively regulate PKC isotypes in human tracheal epithelial cells (1999)

Human tracheal epithelial (TE) cells selectively incorporate their major lipoxygenase product, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), into the sn-2 position of phosphatidylinositol (PI) (S. E. Alpert and R. W. Walenga. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 8: 273-281, 1993). Here we investigated whether 15-HETE-PI is a substrate for receptor-mediated generation of 15-HETE-substituted diglycerides (DGs) and whether these 15-HETE-DGs directly activate and/or alter conventional diacylglycerol-induced activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isotypes in these cells. Primary human TE monolayers incubated with 0.5 microM 15-[3H]-HETE or 15-[14C]HETE for 1-2 h were stimulated with 1 nM to 1 microM platelet-activating factor (PAF) for 30 s to 6 min, and the radiolabel in the medium, cellular phospholipids, and neutral lipids was assessed by high-performance liquid and thin-layer chromatography. PAF mobilized radiolabel from PI in a dose-dependent manner (22 +/- 5% decrease after 1 microM PAF) without a concomitant release of free intra- or extracellular 15-HETE. 14C-labeled DGs were present in unstimulated TE monolayers incubated with 15-[14C]HETE, and the major 14C band, identified as sn-1,2-15-[14C]HETE-DG, increased transiently in response to PAF. Western blots of freshly isolated and cultured human TE cells revealed PKC isotypes alpha, betaI, betaII, delta, epsilon, and zeta. In vitro, cell-generated sn-1, 2-15-[14C]HETE-DG selectively activated immunoprecipitated PKC-alpha and inhibited diacylglycerol-induced activation of PKC-alpha, -delta, -betaI, and -betaII. Our observations indicate that 15-HETE-DGs can modulate the activity of PKC isotypes in human TE cells and suggest an intracellular autocrine role for 15-HETE in human airway epithelia.
Expression of active secreted forms of human amyloid beta-protein precursor by recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells. (1991)

Three alternatively spliced forms of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), APP-695, APP-751, and APP-770, were expressed in the baculovirus expression vector system. The recombinant proteins were secreted into the culture medium by infected insect cells, and APP molecules were detected in insect cells and medium 2 days after infection with the recombinant APP-baculoviruses. A partial sequence of the NH2 terminus of the secreted protein revealed identity with the native secreted protein and showed that the signal peptide was recognized and properly cleaved in insect cells. Purified secreted recombinant APP-751 comigrated with protease nexin 2 purified from platelets and fibroblasts. A 15-kDa COOH-terminal fragment of APP was also detected in cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses, suggesting that recombinant APP proteins were cleaved at the COOH-terminal end like native APP protein. Recombinant APP-751 and APP-770 formed complexes with epidermal growth factor-binding protein, whereas APP-695 did not. In addition, recombinant APP-751 and APP-770 inhibited trypsin and chymotrypsin activity, whereas APP-695 did not. Growth of a human fibroblast cell line, A-1, that required APP for complete growth, was restored upon addition of secreted recombinant APP-695 or APP-751. Thus, the appropriately sized, secreted recombinant APP proteins produced in this expression system are biologically active.
Therapeutic inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor in Crohn's disease. (2002)

Therapeutic options for patients with refractory ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease have recently been augmented by the introduction of biological therapies. The pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is present in elevated concentrations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and inhibitors of TNF alpha have proved effective as treatment. Strategies aimed at reducing TNF in patients with Crohn's disease, include the mouse/human chimeric monoclonal antibody, infliximab (Centocor Inc), the humanized monoclonal antibody, CDP-571 (Celltech Group plc), the human recombinant TNF receptor fusion protein, etanercept (Immunex Corp), and thalidomide. New approaches, including the use of soluble TNF receptors, appear promising. This article reviews the evidence of therapeutic inhibition of TNF.
Method for Analyzing Structural Changes of Flexible Metal−Organic Frameworks Induced by Adsorbates (2009)

Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) have crystal structures that exhibit unusual flexibility. An extreme example is that of the “breathing MOF” MIL-53 that expands or shrinks to admit guest molecules like CO2 and water. We present a powerful simulation tool to quickly calculate unit cell shape and size at 0 K for structures loaded with adsorbates. The method can be applied to unit cell minimization of periodic systems such as metal−organic frameworks and zeolites for vibrational analysis (IR spectra and mode analysis), force field development, and computation of elastic constants at 0 K. The expressions for first- and second-derivatives for rigid guest molecules that are missing in the literature are described in this paper. In addition, two case studies about determination of the structure of IRMOF-1 at 0 K and about the influence of water on the structure of MIL-53 showed that the simulation results correspond well with experimental results and other computational results. Our analysis scheme has significant advantages over other schemes, and the IRMOF-1 case study shows how these methods could potentially fail.
Variation in the aromatic ring of cromakalim: antihypertensive activity of pyranopyridines and 6-alkyl-2H-1-benzopyrans (1990)

The synthesis and antihypertensive activity in the spontaneously hypertensive rat of two new series of analogues related to cromakalim (1) are described. In the first series, where the benzopyran nucleus has been replaced by a pyranopyridine nucleus, the position of the nitrogen atom has been found to be critical for activity, and the most potent compounds are the pyrano[3,2-c]pyridines. In the second series, where the powerful electron-withdrawing cyano group of compound 1 has been replaced by alkyl and phenyl groups, the order of antihypertensive potency is ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl greater than propyl, cyclopentyl greater than methyl greater than phenyl.
Managing diabetes with nanomedicine: challenges and opportunities (2014)

Nanotechnology-based approaches hold substantial potential for improving the care of patients with diabetes. Nanoparticles are being developed as imaging contrast agents to assist in the early diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Glucose nanosensors are being incorporated in implantable devices that enable more accurate and patient-friendly real-time tracking of blood glucose levels, and are also providing the basis for glucose-responsive nanoparticles that better mimic the body's physiological needs for insulin. Finally, nanotechnology is being used in non-invasive approaches to insulin delivery and to engineer more effective vaccine, cell and gene therapies for type 1 diabetes. Here, we analyse the current state of these approaches and discuss key issues for their translation to clinical practice.
Bandpass implementation of the sigma-delta A-D conversion technique (1991)

A new design of band-pass sigma-delta A-D converter is presented which can encode the signal at the intermediate frequency and then by digital post processing convert to baseband I and Q. The technique of band-pass sigma-delta conversion is described and a method for designing band-pass A-D converters from existing baseband modulator designs is given with an example to illustrate the theory. Practical results are described with the performance specified in conventional RF circuit terms. >
YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ thin films grown by high pressure reactive evaporation and high pressure reactive sputtering (1989)

A high-pressure reactive evaporation process and a high-pressure reactive sputtering process have been developed for the growth of high-quality thin films of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/. Both techniques, when used with heated substrates, are effective in the formation of the 123 phase in situ during the film growth. With reactive evaporation only a cooldown anneal in a higher-pressure oxygen ambient is necessary to obtain good superconducting properties. For the reactive sputtering process, a brief, postgrowth, rapid thermal anneal step is required for best results. Fully epitaxial growth has been achieved with single-crystal MgO substrates. The resultant films, which can be quite smooth and uniform, have been patterned to micron and submicron dimensions, and the transport properties of these microstructures have been examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Enhanced Packet Buffering Transmission (EPBT) Architecture Design for Performance Enhancing Proxies (PEPs) (2012)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is widely used for the transport layer protocol in most Internet and Intranet applications. The link characteristics of a specific link environment such as satellite has been limited and degraded by its link characteristics. To address such limitations Performance Enhancing Proxies (PEPs) have been designed and introduced to improve the operation of internet and intranet protocols in certain environments where a link or subnet suffers performance degradation with high error rates and with low bandwidths. This paper discuss the overview of PEPs together with the problems and drawbacks of such technologies to improve the degraded performance of TCPs. Based on the identified limitations of the currently developed and designed PEPs, we have integrated some mechanism for the improvement of the handover latency, thus enhancing its performance. Some steps with the handover procedure have been modified applying the benefits splitting and spoofing techniques resulting with a better performance and shorter handover latency. An enhanced packet buffering transmission module was introduced to boost the packet transmission performance in terms of efficiency.
WIRELESS-ASSISTED GPS : KEEPING TIME WITH MOBILES (2001)

For GPS systems to function accurately, they need recovery, timely information about the times and timing of the signals they use to make their geographic determinations. Standalone GPS units receive this information from signals broadcast directly from satellites, but these signals can be blocked, dissipated or distorted by manmade structures or other signal noise. Integrating a GPS unit into a cellular phone network can correct this problem by using the phone network to convey time and timing information. This article explores how a GPS system could be aided by data from the Global System for Mobile communications network, the digital mobile telephone system operating in much of Europe and 140 countries worldwide. It presents detailed equations and illustrations and evaluates four different types of assistance that cellular networks can provide. The author notes that time recovery can also be supported by other kinds of cellular phone networks, such as those in the U.S.
TonEBP is inhibited by RNA helicase A via interaction involving the E′F loop (2005)

TonEBP [TonE (tonicity-responsive enhancer)-binding protein] is a transcriptional activator of the Rel family like NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) and NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells). TonEBP plays a key role in the protection of cells in the kidney medulla from the deleterious effects of hyperosmolality. This is achieved by enhancing expression of HSP70 (heat-shock protein 70) and other genes whose products drive cellular accumulation of organic osmolytes. TonEBP is stimulated by ambient hypertonicity via multiple pathways that regulate nuclear translocation and transactivation. In the present paper, we report that TonEBP is associated in vivo with RHA (RNA helicase A). The N- and C-termini of RHA bound the E′F loop of the DNA-binding domain of TonEBP. The interaction was not affected by DNA binding or dimerization of TonEBP. Overexpression of RHA inhibited the activity of TonEBP; however, catalytic activity of RHA was dispensable for the inhibition. When the ambient tonicity was raised, the TonEBP–RHA interaction decreased, suggesting that dissociation of RHA is a pathway to stimulate TonEBP. We conclude that the E′F loop of TonEBP interacts with RHA like NFAT and NF-κB interact with AP1 (activator protein 1) and the high-mobility group protein HMG-I(Y) respectively. While RHA interacts with and stimulates other transcription factors such as CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein), NF-κB and mineralocorticoid receptor, it inhibits TonEBP.
Artificial antigen-presenting cells plus IL-15 and IL-21 efficiently induce melanoma-specific cytotoxic CD8+ CD28+ T lymphocyte responses (2013)

The new artificial antigen-presenting system including aAPCs plus IL-21 and IL-15 can induce a large number of antigen-specific CD8(+) CD28(+) CTLs against the melanoma. Our study provides evidence for a novel adoptive immunotherapy against tumors.