gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CBN Tool Wear Modeling in Finish Hard Turning (2003)

The cubic boron nitride (CBN) cutting tools are commonly used for single point turning of hardened materials. The wear behavior and tool life of CBN cutters are important issues in order for hard turning to be a viable technology in view of the high cost of CBN cutting tools and the cost of down-time for tool change. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology to model the rate of CBN tool wear on both the flank and rake faces. The model can serve both as a basis to guide the design of CBN tool geometry and to optimize cutting parameters in finish hard turning. First, the kinematics, stress distribution, and temperature variation on the tool flank and rake faces are formulated. Subsequently, the wear volume loss is modeled as functions of cutting temperature, stress, and other process information based on the consideration of main wear mechanisms of abrasion, adhesion, and diffusion. Then, flank/crater wear rates are predicted in terms of tool/work material properties and cutting configuration. Finally, based on the calibrated wear coefficients in independent tests, the proposed models are experimentally validated in finish turning hardened 52100 bearing steel using a low CBN content insert. The model predictions agree with the measurements in terms of the behavior of stable growths of wear land and crater. The adhesion is found to be the dominating wear mechanism over the range of cutting parameters examined.
Sex differences in the evolution of the electrocardiographic QT interval with age. (1992)

The sex difference in the QT interval is due to QT shortening in males after puberty rather than QT prolongation in women during reproductive years. The fact that QRS duration is a significant determinant of the QT interval has important theoretical implications for attempts to model the ventricular repolarization process and it indicates that the traditional concept of reverse sequence of ventricular repolarization is not universally valid in all myocardial regions.
Design for low electric power during standby state of fax-copier machine (1999)

Facsimile equipment (fax) has come into wide use for business and also for personal use recently. The total power consumption of these machines has become huge. As the fax is a communication equipment that can receive and transmit documents whilst unattended, then this equipment must be ready to receive documents at any time. The actual operation time of a prevailing business fax is short-about 99% is standby. Thus the effect of saving power consumption during the standby-state is very large. The RICOH MY310E (Rifax BL110: Japanese model) is a multi-functional machine with fax and copier functions using a laser printing method. This machine has achieved the minimization of power consumption during its standby state (1.4 W) and has taken the initiative in energy saving.
Description of a food recording electronic device for use in dietary surveys. (1986)

A Food Recording Electronic Device has been developed for quantitative collection of dietary data in the home for a period of up to 3 weeks. The accumulated information on the weights and types of food, and time of consumption, is transferred to a host computer for calculation of the nutrient composition of the diet. Using this method the subject does not have to read the balance or keep a written diary, and the need for coding of records by a dietitian is eliminated.
Ultrasensitive and selective DNA detection based on nicking endonuclease assisted signal amplification and its application in cancer cell detection (2010)

By significantly circumventing the typical problem of high background induced by excess hemin itself, an ultrasensitive DNA amplified detection method is developed based on nicking endonuclease (NEase) assisted strand scission cycle, which is further successfully applied in cancer cell detection.
A 25 kft 768 kb/s CMOS transceiver for multiple bit-rate DSL (2003)

An all 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS transceiver IC is capable of supporting 768 kb/s rates on a single copper loop. Trade-offs between data rate and loop length are afforded by support of multiple bit rates. The same transmitter concept is also integrated for asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), and tested for downstream rates of 6000-8000 kb/s.
ON THE PHOTOIONIZATION ENERGY THRESHOLD OF TRYPTOPHAN IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS (1979)

Abstract— To investigate the existence and energy position of a photoionization threshold. tryptophan (Trp) has been photoionized in desecrated neutral aqueous or alcoholic solution under monochromatic light of variable frequency, in presence of N 2 O to scavenge the photoelectron. Present findings and some literature data converge to show the existence of a threshold for the one photon ionization process. This threshold is located at 4.5 ± 0.1 eV and 4.85 ± 0.1 cV for Trp in aqueous and ethanol solutions. respectively, which corresponds to a lowering with respect to the gas phase ionization potential of 3.4 and 3.0 eV. The photoionization quantum yields for Trp is found about 4 times greater at 250 nm than at Λ cx = 265 nm, where ϕe ‐ 4M =0.080±0.025. In such spectral range. at most one photoelectron out of 4–5 escaping geminate recombination would lead to Trp photodegradation in acrated solutions. These results also point out that the neutral radical Trp. which has been previously observed for Λ cx > 275 nm, i.e. below the ionization threshold energy—would not necessarily derive from Trp + deprotonation or cation‐electron dissociative recombination. Similarly, the opening of the indole ring with formylkynurenine (FK) formation which is observed under aerobic conditions and Λ cx >, 280 nm would not imply an electron attachment on O 2 but reactions such as Trp + 3 O 2 or Trp*+ 3 O 2 or else
Finite element analysis of effects of clearance on single shear composite bolted joints (2003)

A three-dimensional finite element analysis is presented on the effects of bolt-hole clearance in composite bolted joints. Both single bolt and multibolt single shear joints were modelled and the results are compared with those from a parallel experimental programme. The specimens studied were made from graphite-epoxy HTA/6376, with quasi-isotropic layups. Protruding head bolts of 8 mm diameter, torqued to finger tight conditions, were used. The models showed excellent ability to quantify the effects of increasing clearance, which included reduced contact area and overall stiffness in the single bolt case, and substantially changed load distribution in the multibolt case.
Medium frequency topology in railway applications (2007)

The proposed Medium Frequency Topology is replacing the bulky main line transformer on board of railway vehicles. Especially in countries with 15 kV railway power supply, the low frequency of 16.7 Hz is leading to huge and heavy transformers. Today's Transformers are often minimized in weight and volume, which leads to significantly high transformer losses compared with distribution transformers. The Medium Frequency Topology is the power electronic solution that considerably reduces weight and losses of the traction system.
Acyl Chain Specificity of the Acyltransferases LpxA and LpxD and Substrate Availability Contribute to Lipid A Fatty Acid Heterogeneity in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (2008)

Porphyromonas gingivalis lipid A is heterogeneous with regard to the number, type, and placement of fatty acids. Analysis of lipid A by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry reveals clusters of peaks differing by 14 mass units indicative of an altered distribution of the fatty acids generating different lipid A structures. To examine whether the transfer of hydroxy fatty acids with different chain lengths could account for the clustering of lipid A structures, P. gingivalis lpxA (lpxA(Pg)) and lpxD(Pg) were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli strains in which the homologous gene was mutated. Lipid A from strains expressing either of the P. gingivalis transferases was found to contain 16-carbon hydroxy fatty acids in addition to the normal E. coli 14-carbon hydroxy fatty acids, demonstrating that these acyltransferases display a relaxed acyl chain length specificity. Both LpxA and LpxD, from either E. coli or P. gingivalis, were also able to incorporate odd-chain fatty acids into lipid A when grown in the presence of 1% propionic acid. This indicates that E. coli lipid A acyltransferases do not have an absolute specificity for 14-carbon hydroxy fatty acids but can transfer fatty acids differing by one carbon unit if the fatty acid substrates are available. We conclude that the relaxed specificity of the P. gingivalis lipid A acyltransferases and the substrate availability account for the lipid A structural clusters that differ by 14 mass units observed in P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide preparations.
Evolution of end-of-range damage and transient enhanced diffusion of indium in silicon (2002)

Correlation of evolution of end-of-range (EOR) damage and transient enhanced diffusion (TED) of indium has been studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. A physically based model of diffusion and defect growth is applied to the indium diffusion system. Indium implantation with 200 keV, 1×1014/cm2 through a 10 nm screen oxide into 〈100〉 p-type Czochralski silicon wafer was performed. During postimplantation anneal at 750 °C for times ranging from 2 to 120 min, formation of dislocation loops and indium segregation into loops were observed. Simulation results of evolution of EOR defects show that there is a period that {311} defects dissolve and release free interstitials before the Ostwald ripening step of EOR dislocation loops. Our diffusion model that contains the interaction between indium and loops shows the indium pileup to the loops. Indium segregation to loops occurs at a pure growth step of loops and continues during the Ostwald ripening step. Although dislocation loops and indium segregation in the near-surface region are easily dissolved by high temperature annealing, EOR dislocation loops in the bulk region are rigid and well grown. It is considered that indium trapped by loops with a large radius is energetically stable. It is shown that modeling of the evolution of EOR defects is important for understanding indium TED.
STUDIES ON GASOLINE INTOXICATION (1974)

In order to make clear the toxicity of two kinds white gasoline containing tetraethyl lead (LG) and organic solvents besides tetraethyl lead (LBTX), the survival rate and the electrocorticogram (E.Co.G.) in rats injected with either of them intraperitoneally were analysed.Thirtynine white male Wistar rats, weighing about 400 g and aged 7 months, were implanted with bipolar electrodes on the surface of the brain about 3 mm apart over the frontal and occipital lobes of the left hemisphere under Nembutal-ether anaesthesia. The rats were divided into two groups, each rat in one of them was intraabdominally injected with 1 ml/100 g of LG and each rat in the other with the same dosis of LBTX. Tetraethyl lead content of LG was 1. 0 ml/liter that is, 16.5 mg/kg body weight of rat, and LBTX contained 5% benzene, 10% toluene and 15% xylene and 70% LG, tetraethyl lead in LBTX becoming 11.6 mg/kg body weight of rat. RG and HG, used in the former experiment, are commercially available leaded regular and high-octane gasolines. Tetraethyl lead contents of RG and HG were 0.15 ml/liter and 1.41 ml/liter, i.e. the amount of tetraethyl lead in rat were 2.5 mg and 23.3 mg/kg body weight respectively.Observations were made one month after recovery from the implant operation. Brain waves were recorded on one day before and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 10 days after the injection. The original wave, the momentary waves of δ, θ, α, β1 and β2 in the E.Co.G. and each 10 second integral value of these brain waves were recorded at the same time, and the data for 5 to 10 minutes were analysed.One to 4 days after the gasoline injection rats showed slowing of movements, a crouching posture and absence of reaction to stimuli. After fifth day from the gasoline injection, the rats in the LG group showed excessive tension, excitement and anxiety, and the rats in the LBTX group showed continuously the same symptoms as crouching posture and slowing of movements. But about half of the rats in the LBTX group showed delirium and were dead within 2 days after LBTX injection, while almost of the rats in the LG group were alive. The death rate of HG and LG group was similar with LBTX group.The control E.Co.G. before the injection showed a dominant θ and marked α waves, and the amplitude of these waves ranged from 50 to 150 microvolts. One to 5 days after the gasoline injection the basic rhythm and the amplitude in the E.Co.G. decreased and this phenomenon was more marked in the LBTX group than in the LG group, that is, α wave on the 1st day, δ and β2 waves on the 4th day and θ wave on the 5th day after the gasoline injection decreased significantly compared to those of the LG group. The α wave of the rats in the LG group increased markedly and dominantly 7 days after the LG injection. The E.Co.G. of rats in the serious state before death caused by LBTX showed high voltage fast waves, arhythmic pattern of the brain waves appearing and disappearing, and slow and fast brain waves.From these results it was concluded that the toxicity of LBTX was stronger than that of LG.
Academy pushes for rapid strep test waiver (1993)

announcement of the final Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA 88) regulations came in the midst of a last-minute attempt by AAP officials to have rapid strep test removed from the moderately complex category. The biggest thing I9m concerned with is getting the rapid strep test waived, because that9s so basic to pediatric practice, AAP Associate Executive Director, Joe Sanders, M.D., said.
Resistance training increases skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and net intramuscular triglyceride breakdown in type I and II fibres of sedentary males (2014)

Recent in vitro and in vivo experimental observations suggest that improvements in insulin sensitivity following endurance training are mechanistically linked to increases in muscle oxidative capacity, intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) utilization during endurance exercise and increases in the content of the lipid droplet-associated perilipin 2 (PLIN2) and perilipin 5 (PLIN5). This study investigated the hypothesis that similar adaptations may also underlie the resistance training (RT)-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity. Thirteen sedentary men (20 ± 1 years old; body mass index 24.8 ± 0.8 kg m(-2)) performed 6 weeks of whole-body RT (three times per week), and changes in peak O2 uptake (in millilitres per minute per kilogram) and insulin sensitivity were assessed. Muscle biopsies (n = 8) were obtained before and after 60 min steady-state cycling at ~65% peak O2 uptake. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to assess changes in oxidative capacity (measured as cytochrome c oxidase protein content), IMTG and PLIN2 and PLIN5 protein content. Resistance training increased peak O2 uptake (by 8 ± 3%), COX protein content (by 46 ± 13 and 61 ± 13% in type I and II fibres, respectively) and the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (by 47 ± 6%; all P < 0.05). In type I fibres, IMTG (by 52 ± 11%; P < 0.05) and PLIN2 content (by 107 ± 19%; P < 0.05) were increased and PLIN5 content tended to increase (by 54 ± 22%; P = 0.054) post-training. In type II fibres, PLIN2 content increased (by 57 ± 20%; P < 0.05) and IMTG (by 46 ± 17%; P = 0.1) and PLIN5 content (by 44 ± 24%; P = 0.054) tended to increase post-training. Breakdown of IMTG during moderate-intensity exercise was greater in both type I and type II fibres (by 43 ± 5 and 37 ± 5%, respectively; P < 0.05) post-RT. The results confirm the hypothesis that RT enhances muscle oxidative capacity and increases IMTG breakdown and the content of PLIN2 and PLIN5 in both type I and type II fibres during endurance-type exercise.
The mitochondrial kinase <scp>PINK</scp>1: functions beyond mitophagy (2016)

Mutations in the genes encoding the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin cause autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). Pioneering work in Drosophila melanogaster revealed that the loss of PINK1 or Parkin function causes similar phenotypes including dysfunctional mitochondria. Further research showed that PINK1 can act upstream of Parkin in a mitochondrial quality control pathway to induce removal of damaged mitochondria in a process called mitophagy. Albeit the PINK1/Parkin-induced mitophagy pathway is well established and has recently been elucidated in great detail, its pathophysiological relevance is being debated. Mounting evidence indicates that PINK1 has additional functions, for example, in regulating complex I activity and maintaining neuronal viability in response to stress. Here, we discuss mitophagy-dependent and -independent functions of PINK1 and their possible role in PD pathogenesis. Mutations in the PINK1 gene, encoding a mitochondrial kinase, are associated with autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease. In this review, we summarize and discuss the functional roles of PINK1 in maintaining mitochondrial integrity, eliminating damaged mitochondria, and promoting cell survival. This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.
Score Following Using Spectral Analysis and Hidden Markov Models (2001)

This paper presents an approach to score following.The realtime alignment of a performance with a score is obtained through the use of a hidden Markov model.The model works on two levels.The lower level compares the features of the incoming signal with the expected ones.Groups of states of the lower level are embedded in states at the higher level, which are used to model the performance by taking into account the possible errors a performer may make.The performer's position on the score is computed through a decoding technique alternative to classic Viterbi decoding.A novel technique for the training of hidden Markov models is proposed.
[Evaluation of the protection conferred by several avian infectious bronchitis attenuated vaccines against the field strain CK/CH/LDL/97 I in China]. (2008)

The entire S1 protein gene of five infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine strains (JAAS, IBN, Jilin, J9, H120) used in China were compared with that of the IB field isolate CK/CH/LDL/97 I present in China. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid similarities between the five IB vaccine strains and the field strain, CK/CH/LDL/97 I, were not more than 76.4% and 78.7%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the S1 gene showed that the vaccine strains and the field strain belonged to different clusters and had larger evolutionary distances, indicating that they were of different genotypes. The five vaccine strains were used for protection test against challenge of the field isolate CK/CH/LDL/97 I. The chickens inoculated with five vaccine strains showed morbidity as high as 30%-100% after challenged with the CK/CH/ LDL/97 I strain. The organ samples at 5 days post challenge showed that the viral detection rates were 50%-90% and 10%-30% for trachea and kidney, respectively. The live attenuated vaccines only provided partial protection to the vaccinated chickens against heterologous IBV infection, CK/CH/LDL/97 I.
Use of <i>glnQ</i> as a Counterselectable Marker for Creation of Allelic Exchange Mutations in Group B Streptococci (2005)

Efficient allelic exchange mutagenesis in group B streptococci (GBS) has been hampered by the lack of a counterselectable marker system. Growth inhibition of GBS by the glutamine analog gamma-glutamyl hydrazide requires glnQ. We have used this phenomenon to create a counterselectable marker system for efficient selection of allelic exchange mutants in GBS.
Patterns in International Warfare, 1816-1965 (2017)

Most major studies of war suffered from an absence of methodological precision and an invisibility of coding rules. These practices often resulted in the impressionistic analysis by anecdote of a few famous and large wars by political theorists, or the hyper-empirical analysis of every conceivable sort of violence by scholars with a mathematical orientation. After the basic data were reordered according to the amount of war begun, under way, and terminated each year, people were able to search for secular trends and periodicity over the past century and a half. Looking first at secular trends, contrary to what might have been expected, no trend, either upward or downward, is evident. Although some nations have fought in more wars than others, they have done so with varying degrees of success. Indeed, success in warfare might predict to frequency of involvement. A history of involvement in international war is a necessary but not sufficient indication of a nation's bellicosity.
CHARACTERIZATION OF AMPHIPHILIC AND MICROPHASE SEPARATED GRAFT COPOLYMERS II SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO BLOOD-COMPATIBILITY ASSESSMENT OF POLYSTYRENE-GRAFT-ω-STEARYLPOLY (ETHYLENE OXIDE) (1995)

This paper reported the research results concerning the surface characterization ofpolystyrene-graft-w-stearyl poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-g-SPEO) by means of XPS,contactangle measurement and TEM, and its in vitro blood compatibility assessment by measuringthe plasma recalcification time (RT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). The XPSresults demonstrated that the surface and bulk composition of the PS-g-SPEO graftcopolymers differ remarkably from each other,and that SPEO component was constantlyenriched at the copolymer/air interface. Contact angle studies indicated that the surfacewater wettability can be adjusted effectively by changing the composition of the copolymer.PS-g-SPEO graft copolymers can undergo microphase separation as clearly illustrated byTEM photographs. The relationship between the surface properties of PS-g-SPEO graftcopolymer and its blood compatibility was also discussed.
Understanding the experience of experience: a practical model of reflective practice for Coaching (2004)

Coaching is inherently a reflective process. Constructivist theories of learning are well established and greatly inform thinking on coaching. The coaching practitioner literature promotes activities and offers many tools to aid reflection. While psychology provides some very pertinent theory, a review of practitioner literature finds little to help coaches understand how reflection actually works. This paper proposes a simple four-cornered model of the mechanism of reflection in coaching. The outcomes are illustrated in application to first hand accounts of reflection in a coaching context. This model is intended to have distinct practical utility, while being embedded in underlying theory.
Ruthenium Catalyzed N‐Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Room temperature blue light emitting <i>p</i>-<i>n</i> diodes from Zn(S,Se)-based multiple quantum well structures (1992)

Blue (494 nm) light emitting quantum well diodes based on Zn(S,Se) p-n junctions are demonstrated at room temperature. P-type Zn(S,Se) is realized by using a nitrogen rf plasma cell. The light emitting diode is formed on homoepitaxial GaAs buffer layers by molecular beam epitaxy. The S fraction of the alloy is selected to provide a lattice match between the II-VI active region and the GaAs buffer; the result is an active region having a dislocation density below 105/cm−2. The letter discusses emission characteristics as well as the x-ray rocking curve and transmission electron microscopy characterization of the structures.