gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-Polluting Composites Repair and Remanufacturing for Military Applications: Induction-Based Repair of Integral Armor (1999)

Abstract : Polymer-matrix composite material and structural adhesive repair and manufacturing have significant environmental costs. These costs have recently been documented based on current and anticipated future Department of Defense (DoD) use of these materials. The principal issues for reducing the environmental impact and its associated cost are: (1) reduction in hazardous waste by eliminating shelf-life limitations, (2) reduction in nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) by replacing global heating of the part with localized heating, (3) reduction in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions by accelerated curing and containment, and (4) reduction in hazardous waste by minimizing production debris through processing step management Induction-based adhesive curing is a potential replacement for current repair and manufacturing methods to resolve the principal issues. The current work establishes that induction heating using conductive mesh susceptors can be used to rapidly cure thermosetting adhesives under a VOC-reducing vacuum condition. It is also established that the presence of these susceptor materials, although not optimized, does not adversely affect the mechanical performance of the bondline when considering the low scatter in lap shear strength. The feasibility of induction-based repair using metallic screen susceptors and the applicability of induction heating to multilayer single-step bonding wherein heat generation is limited to localized bondline regions allowing optimization of repair processes are demonstrated.
Blind NLLS carrier frequency-offset estimation for QAM, PSK, and PAM modulations: performance at low SNR (2006)

We address the problem of blind carrier frequency-offset (CFO) estimation in quadrature amplitude modulation, phase-shift keying, and pulse amplitude modulation communications systems. We study the performance of a standard CFO estimate, which consists of first raising the received signal to the Mth power, where M is an integer depending on the type and size of the symbol constellation, and then applying the nonlinear least squares (NLLS) estimation approach. At low signal-to noise ratio (SNR), the NLLS method fails to provide an accurate CFO estimate because of the presence of outliers. In this letter, we derive an approximate closed-form expression for the outlier probability. This enables us to predict the mean-square error (MSE) on CFO estimation for all SNR values. For a given SNR, the new results also give insight into the minimum number of samples required in the CFO estimation procedure, in order to ensure that the MSE on estimation is not significantly affected by the outliers
Deep drilling and sampling via the wireline auto-gopher driven by piezoelectric percussive actuator and EM rotary motor (2012)

The ability to penetrate subsurfaces and perform sample acquisition at depths of meters is critical for future NASA in-situ exploration missions to bodies in the solar system, including Mars, Europa, and Enceladus. A corer/sampler was developed with the goal of acquiring pristine samples by reaching depths on Mars beyond the oxidized and sterilized zone. The developed rotary-hammering coring drill, called Auto-Gopher, employs a piezoelectric actuated percussive mechanism for breaking formations and an electric motor rotates the bit to remove the powdered cuttings. This sampler is a wireline drill that is incorporated with an inchworm mechanism allowing thru cyclic coring and core removal to reach great depths. The penetration rate is optimized by simultaneously activating the percussive and rotary motions of the Auto-Gopher. The percussive mechanism is based on the Ultrasonic/Sonic Drill/Corer (USDC) mechanism, which is driven by a piezoelectric stack, demonstrated to require low axial preload. The Auto-Gopher has been produced taking into account the lessons learned from the development of the Ultrasonic/Sonic Gopher that was designed as a percussive ice drill and was demonstrated in Antarctica in 2005 to reach about 2 meters deep. A field demonstration of the Auto-Gopher is currently being planned with the objective of reaching as deep as 3 to 5 meters in tufa formation.
Synthesis of coformycin (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of coformycinMasaji Ohno, Naomasa Yagisawa, Seiji Shibahara, Shinichi Kondo, Kenji Maeda, and Hamao UmezawaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 13, 4326–4327Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00820a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00820a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ecology and Management of the Soybean Aphid in North America (2010)

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, has become the single most important arthropod pest of soybeans in North America. Native to Asia, this invasive species was first discovered in North America in July 2000 and has rapidly spread throughout the northcentral United States, much of southeastern Canada, and the northeastern United States. In response, important elements of the ecology of the soybean aphid in North America have been elucidated, with economic thresholds, sampling plans, and chemical control recommendations widely adopted. Aphid-resistant soybean varieties were available to growers in 2010. The preexisting community of aphid natural enemies has been highly effective in suppressing aphid populations in many situations, and classical biological control efforts have focused on the addition of parasitoids of Asian origin. The keys to sustainable management of this pest include understanding linkages between the soybean aphid and other introduced and native species in a landscape context along with continued development of aphid-resistant varieties.
Needle steering system using duty-cycled rotation for percutaneous kidney access (2010)

The authors present ongoing work on the use of a variable curvature flexible needle steering system to gain percutaneous access to the kidney for medical interventions. A nonlinear control law is introduced which drives the needle to track a predetermined planar path using a steering approach based on duty-cycled rotation during insertion. Renal access is performed in simulation and tested in vitro in a tissue phantom to validate the proposed control method.
A general and efficient method for estimating continuous IBD functions for use in genome scans for QTL (2007)

In addition to direct improvements in computational and memory efficiency, estimation of IBD-functions is a fundamental step needed to develop and implement new efficient optimization algorithms for high precision localization of QTL. Here, we discuss and test two approaches for estimating IBD functions based on existing IBD estimation algorithms. Our approaches provide immediately useful techniques for use in single QTL analyses in the variance component QTL mapping framework. They will, however, be particularly useful in genome scans for multiple interacting QTL, where the improvements in both computational and memory efficiency are the key for successful development of efficient optimization algorithms to allow widespread use of this methodology.
Effect of left bundle branch block on diastolic function in dilated cardiomyopathy. (1991)

Left bundle branch block prolongs rather than delays mitral regurgitation by increasing pre-ejection and relaxation times. This directly impairs diastolic function by shortening the time available for the left ventricule to fill to an extent likely to limit stroke volume.
Analysis of blink rate patterns in normal subjects (1997)

The present study measured the normal blink rate (BR) variations in relation to behavioral tasks in 150 healthy volunteers (70 males and 80 females; aged 35.9 +/- 17.9 years, range 5-87 years). The subjects were videotaped in a standard setting while performing three different tasks: resting quietly, reading a short passage, talking freely. The mean BR was computed during each task; the data were compared by means of analysis of variance and Student's t tests. Mean BR at rest was 17 blinks/min, during conversation it increased to 26, and it was as low as 4.5 while reading. As compared with rest, BR decreased by -55.08% while reading (p < 1 x 10(-15)) and increased by 99.70% during conversation (p < 1 x 10(-9)). As compared with reading, BR increased during conversation by 577.8% (p < 1 x 10(-17). The distribution curves were highly reproducible in each task. The best curve fit was represented by a log-normal distribution, with the upper tail of each curve having a normal distribution. Eye color and eyeglass wearing did not influence BR. Women had higher BR than men just while reading. No age-related differences were found. The most common BR pattern was conversation > rest > reading, which occurred in 101 subjects (67.3%); 34 subjects (22.7%) had the pattern rest > conversation > reading; 12 (8.0%) had the pattern conversation > reading > rest. This study identified three normal behavioral BR patterns and showed that BR is more influenced by cognitive processes than by age, eye color, or local factors. The present findings provide a normal reference for the analysis of BR in movement disorders such as dystonia or tics.
Studies on the synthesis of linear aliphatic compounds. Part. 3 The synthesis of paraffins with very long chains (1987)

The approach derived in Part 2 has been modified to increase the purity and yield of intermediates. The C12 starting materials have been doubled in chain length five times, and by using components of similar or different chain length in Wittig condensations ω-halogeno-acetals with 12n carbon atoms have been made up with n up to 32. They have been converted into paraffins with 102, 104, 150, 198, 246, 294, and 390 carbon atoms. Those paraffins with 150 or more carbon atoms show chain-folding in the crystalline state; this observation is contributing to the understanding of chain-folding behaviour long known in linear polyethylene but hitherto unknown in essentially pure paraffins.
Monitoring wood decay in poles by the vibroacoustic response method (2001)

Despite recent advances in the development of new materials, wood continues to be used globally for the support of overhead cable networks used by telecommunications and electrical utility companies. As a natural material, wood is subject to decay and will eventually fail, causing disruption to services and danger to public and company personnel. The traditional method of testing poles for decay involves hitting them with a hammer and listening to the sound that results. However, evidence suggests that a large number of poles are replaced unnecessarily and a significant number of poles continue to fail unexpectedly in service. Therefore, a more accurate method for assessing the structural integrity of wooden poles is required. The underlying physical principles behind the ‘pole tester's approach’ have been identified and used in the development of a decay meter to enable objective monitoring of decay in wooden poles.
Genetic Deficiency of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Reduces Atherosclerosis and Lowers Plasma Lipid Peroxides in Apolipoprotein E–Knockout Mice (2001)

Genetic deficiency of iNOS decreases diet-induced atherosclerosis and lowers plasma levels of lipoperoxides, a marker for oxidative stress, in apoE-KO animals. Reduction in iNOS-mediated oxidative stress could partly explain protection from lesion formation in dKO animals. L-Arginine supplementation did not change lesion area in apoE-KO mice, indicating that substrate deficiency is not a likely cause for iNOS-mediated injury in this model of atherosclerosis.
Hygiene monitoring of textiles used in the food industry (2006)

Protective clothing is required in the food-processing industry, to protect workers from contamination by bacteria, fungi, viruses, prions etc. contained in the secretions and raw meat of slaughtered animals, and to protect the meat from being contaminated by microorganisms carried by the workers. It is well-understood that textiles are a control point (CP), and must be appropriately cleaned and disinfected in order to prevent biocontamination. Although the laundering procedure itself is important for achieving disinfection, it is also essential to maintain an appropriate hygiene level in the laundry, in order to prevent recontamination of textiles by environmental viable microorganisms. In this study, a sanitary-microbiological analysis was carried out in selected CPs in two laundries. Chemo-thermal washing efficiency was determined by evaluating the anti-bacterial effect against Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus. The hygienic state of the laundries was determined by evaluating the number and type of microorganisms at selected CPs throughout the whole laundering procedure. The results indicated that the sanitary condition of both laundries did not reach the required levels and that several microbes were resistant to cleaning and disinfecting agents. It is obvious from the results that achievement of an appropriate hygiene level during laundering textiles from the food processing industry requires the implementation of appropriate corrective monitoring measures.
Lanthanide-doped luminescent nanoprobes: controlled synthesis, optical spectroscopy, and bioapplications (2013)

Lanthanide-doped inorganic nanoparticles possess superior physicochemical features such as long-lived luminescence, large antenna-generated Stokes or anti-Stokes shifts, narrow emission bands, high resistance to photobleaching and low toxicity, and thus are regarded as a new generation of luminescent bioprobes as compared to conventional molecular probes like organic dyes and lanthanide chelates. These functional nanoparticles, although most of their bulk counterparts were well studied previously, have attracted renewed interest for their biomedical applications in areas as diverse as biodetection, bioimaging, and disease diagnosis and therapeutics. In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey of the latest advances made in developing lanthanide-doped inorganic nanoparticles as potential luminescent bioprobes, which covers areas from their fundamental chemical and physical features to bioapplications including controlled synthesis methodology, surface modification chemistry, optical spectroscopy, and their promising applications in diverse fields, with an emphasis on heterogeneous and homogeneous in vitro biodetection of tumor markers and multimodal bioimaging of various tumor tissues. Some future prospects and challenges in this rapidly growing field are also summarized.
Adaptive Bus Routing Heuristics for Improving Vehicle Utilization and Reducing Commuter Waiting Times (2014)

Millions of people in cities around the world, especially in the developing and underdeveloped countries, depend on the (intra-city) public bus system to get to work and back home. In most cases, the system is strained - there are demands for more buses and routes than available. This has led to increased waiting times of the commuters. Also, since the routes are 'static', this might lead to underutilization of the buses. In this paper, we propose a system which makes use of sensors, and computing and wireless/mobile technologies in the buses and bus stops, and a central scheduler which gathers streaming data from the buses and bus stops and uses heuristics to determine in real- time 'adaptive' routes for the buses. These are expected to reduce the waiting times of commuters and increase the utilization of the buses.
Strain mapping of Si devices with stress memorization processing (2013)

Dual lens dark field electron holography and Moiré fringe mapping from dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy are used to map strain distributions at high spatial resolution in Si devices processed with stress memorization techniques (SMT). It provides experimental evidence that strain in the Si channel is generated by dislocations resulting from SMT. The highest value of strain, up to 1.1% (1.9 GPa in stress) occurs at the Si surface along the channel direction: ⟨110⟩. An increase of ∼0.2% strain in the channel is observed after removing the poly-Si gate through the replacement high-k metal gate process.
Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Vibrating Tools (1993)

Among 330 vibration-exposed workers, 24 cases of hypothenar hammer syndrome in 29 hands were diagnosed by arteriography. The right hand was involved in 13, the left hand in six, and both hands in five cases. The mean age was 55 years, mean duration of vibration exposure 19.4 years, and mean duration of episodic Raynaud's phenomenon 6.4 years. The vascular lesions of the ulnar arteries were classified into three major types with subtypes. Type 1: stenosis of the superficial palmar arch around the hook of the hamate. Type 2a: occlusion of the superficial palmar arch around the hook of the hamate. Type 2b: occlusion of both superficial and deep palmar arches around the hook of the hamate. Type 3a: occlusion of the ulnar artery at the proximal part of the wrist. Type 3b: occlusion of the ulnar artery near the wrist with the occlusion of the dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery.
E-mail authentication is here, but has it arrived yet? (2005)

The explosion in spam and phishing attacks has cost victims time and money. The attacks have also dented public confidence in e-mail. Attempts to solve the problem by the multimillion-dollar mail-filtering industry or via legislation have failed. In light of this, companies such as Cisco Systems, Microsoft, and Yahoo are pursuing e-mail authentication, designed to determine whether mail has come from a reliable source and is thus legitimate. The article looks at some of the methods being considered.
Color matching at high illuminances: the color-match-area effect and photopigment bleaching (1985)

We evaluated whether a self-screening hypothesis can account for changes in red-green color matches with changes in retinal illuminance and changes in the size of the matching field. The dependence of the color match on field size measured at moderate illuminances was not present at high illuminances. For color matches made with normal pupil entry, there was no need to postulate any factors other than self-screening to account for the changes with either illuminance or field size. The self-screening model allowed us to estimate the optical density of the foveal cones and the retinal illuminance that caused half of the photopigment to be bleached at equilibrium. These estimates were in quantitative agreement with previous estimates made using other techniques. We also found that the change in a color match with increasing illuminance was inconsistent with first-order kinetics.
Stabiliser states are efficiently PAC-learnable (2018)

The exponential scaling of the wave function is a fundamental property of quantum systems with far reaching implications in our ability to process quantum information. A problem where these are particularly relevant is quantum state tomography. State tomography, whose objective is to obtain an approximate description of a quantum system, can be analysed in the framework of computational learning theory. In this model, Aaronson (2007) showed that quantum states are Probably Approximately Correct (PAC)-learnable with sample complexity linear in the number of qubits. However, it is conjectured that in general quantum states require an exponential amount of computation to be learned. Here, using results from the literature on the efficient classical simulation of quantum systems, we show that stabiliser states are efficiently PAC-learnable. Our results solve an open problem formulated by Aaronson (2007) and establish a connection between classical simulation of quantum systems and efficient learnability.
Association of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (PTPs)-1B with c-Met Receptor and Modulation of Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing (2008)

Inhibition of PTP activity mimics the effect of HGF by activating the PI-3K/Akt signal involved in wound healing. PTP1B and SHP-2 are bound to the c-Met receptor to control its activity. Although the binding of PTP1B increases when there is a decrease in c-Met activation and acts as a negative regulator of the receptor, the increased binding and phosphorylation of SHP-2 coincide with maximal stimulation of c-Met, acting as a positive regulator.
The Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1985)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
CEPHEID PULSATION WITH MASS LOSS EFFECTS (1990)

In order to investigate the effects of mass loss on the Cepheid pulsation, evolutionary calculations are performed for the stars of 7, 9, and 10 solar mass, respectively, with or without mass loss from the main sequence to the Cepheid strip. The pulsational properties are determined according to linear nonadiabatic radial pulsation theory. The mass-loss rates of the stars are calculated by using the empirical relation of Waldron (1984). It is found that the mass loss of the stars does not change the position of the Cepheid strip in the HR diagram and the period-radius relation of the Cepheids. A period-mass-radius relation of the Cepheids is obtained with is feasible over the instability strip.
Pulse generation with an acousto-optic frequency shifter in a passive cavity (1987)

A train of pulses is generated by coupling the cw output of a single frequency He-Ne laser into a passive ring ‘‘cavity’’ which contains an acousto-optic frequency shifter. Each cavity pass shifts the frequency of the wave by 80 MHz. This results in an intensity pattern which is an Airy function in time. For a single frequency input, the output pulse width is 2 ns with a repetition rate of 80 MHz. Data are also presented on the output of this device for multimode cw input.
Risk of Asynchronous Contralateral Breast Cancer in Noncarriers of <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> Mutations With a Family History of Breast Cancer: A Report From the Women's Environmental Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Study (2012)

Young women with breast cancer who have a family history of breast cancer and who test negative for deleterious mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are at significantly greater risk of CBC than other breast cancer survivors. This risk varies with diagnosis age, family history of CBC, and degree of relationship to an affected relative. Women with a first-degree family history of bilateral disease have risks of CBC similar to mutation carriers. This has important implications for the clinical management of patients with breast cancer with family history of the disease.