gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On shaping gain in the nonlinear fiber-optic channel (2014)

Fiber's nonlinearity fundamentally bounds the achievable information rates in fiber-optic communication systems. In a wavelength-division multiplexed system it induces a nonlinear interference between adjacent channels, an interference that was recently shown to have a strong dependance on the input distribution. In this work we show that a ball shaped input constellation may significantly reduce the nonlinear effects. We study the shaping gains in the fiber-optic channel and show that in certain scenarios the maximum gains may be higher than the 1.53dB ultimate shaping gain in linear additive white Gaussian noise channels. Furthermore, the maximum gain is achieved with a finite-dimensional ball shaping region.
Localization and Structural Charcterization of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptors in Mammalian Retina* (1989)

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are peptide mitogens, structurally related to insulin, whose biological actions in the CNS are incompletely known. The retina is largely uncharacterized with respect to IGF receptors. We, therefore, studied IGF receptors in bovine and murine retinal tissues by immunohistochemistry, autoradiographic localization, and affinity labeling. Notable IGF-II receptor immunoreactivity was found in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), with intermediate levels in choroid, low levels in the inner and outer plexiform layers and outer nuclear layer, and very low levels in other regions. Autoradiographic localization using [125I]IGF-II confirmed the IGF-II receptor immunohistochemistry. Autoradiographic localization using [125I]IGF-I labeled the nuclear layers and the photoreceptor region. Affinity labeling disclosed differences in the apparent mol wt of IGF-I and IGF-II receptors from bovine eye tissues and those from liver and brain. IGF-I receptor alpha-subunits (the IGF-binding subunit) migrated at: liver, 139,000; brain, 125,000; RPE, 125,000 and 135,000 (two sizes); and retina, 125,000 and 135,000. IGF-II receptors migrated at: liver, 245,000; brain, 235,000; RPE, 240,000; and retina, 230,000. We conclude that mammalian retina contains both IGF-I and -II receptors, which differ from those found in other tissues and have a characteristic spatial distribution within the retina.
A wideband circular patch antenna (2000)

A new design of a circular patch antenna with an impedance bandwidth greater than 25% and a peak antenna gain about 8.3 dBi is presented. The circular patch antenna has a thick air substrate, and a pair of wide slits are cut in the circular patch to facilitate the antenna's impedance matching. The circular patch is supported by a conducting post, which is also connected to a 50 Ω microstrip feed line. The ground plane of the microstrip line also serves as the ground plane of the circular patch antenna, and the substrate of the microstrip feed line and the circular patch are on the same side of the ground plane. Details of the antenna design and experimental results are described. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 25: 327–328, 2000.
Plasma CVD of Amorphous AlN from Metalorganic Al Source and Properties of the Deposited Films (1987)

AlN films have been successfully deposited by plasma CVD for the first time. Al was supplied by trimethyl Al (TMA) with H 2 or N 2 carrier gas, and N was supplied as NH 3 through separate gas lines. The deposition rate depends upon the TMA supply, and is essentially independent of the NH 3 flow rate. The composition of the deposited films was almost AlN, although a small amount of oxygen was always detected. A better film was obtained for the H 2 carrier gas than for N 2 carrier gas. X-ray diffraction profiles of the deposited films exhibited no crystalline AlN diffracting peaks, suggesting that the films are not crystallized, but the infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra exhibited the presence of the Al–N bond (650/cm) and an optical band gap of 5.55 eV. The refractive index was about 1.9. These results suggest that the plasma-deposited films possess dominant AlN properties even though they are not crystalline.
Perpendicular giant magnetoresistance of NiFe/Cu multilayered nanowires (1997)

We have prepared by electrodeposition Ni80Fe20/Cu multilayered nanowires into the pores of polymer membranes and performed giant magnetoresistance (GMR) measurements in the current perpendicular to the layer planes geometry. GMR ratios as high as 80% have been obtained at 4.2 K. Two types of structure have been studied: conventional Ni80Fe20/Cu multilayers and multilayers composed of Ni80Fe20/Cu/Ni80Fe20 trilayers magnetically isolated by long Cu rods.
A role for case managers in the physician office. (1994)

Independent primary care physicians continue to be important gatekeepers for health care services needed by older patients. There is a natural role for case management in the physician office as a link to nonmedical support services that can help the elderly maintain their independence. In this article, the authors describe a model partnership between primary care physicians and a community-wide case management program that was developed to enhance the continuum of care and improve integration of service systems. Rapid response for assessments, brief interventions, and linkage to home and community services are provided through a case manager/liaison who is on-call to physician offices. Patients are seen in the physician office or in their homes or contacted by telephone. The liaison assesses and provides immediate information and referral, maintains short-term contact, or refers patients with complex situations or long-term case management needs to agency or community case management programs. The liaison also makes regular office rounds to maintain visibility, discuss cases, and educate staff about patient risk factors. Physicians and patients have been pleased with the model.
How is the development of dental biofilms influenced by the host? (2011)

The host environment dictates the composition and gene expression of the resident microbiota. Changes in oral environmental conditions can disrupt the normal symbiotic relationship between the host and its resident microbes, and increase the risk of disease.
Use of Performic Acid Oxidation To Expand the Mass Distribution of Tryptic Peptides (2004)

Significant identification of proteins by mass fingerprinting and partial sequencing of tryptic peptides is central to proteomics. However, peptide masses cluster with distances of approximately 1 Da. Expanding these clusters will give more peptides of unique masses, thereby identifying proteins with a higher significance. The mass clusters can be expanded downward by including more oxygen atoms in the peptides. Classic performic acid oxidation modifies three residues, Cys to CysO(3), Met to MetO(2), and Trp to TrpO(2). In this study, we compare the mass distributions of tryptic peptides computed from the predicted proteomes of Bacillus subtilis, Drosophila melanogaster, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Homo sapiens modified by oxidation, reduction, and reduction followed by carboxymethylation, carboxamidomethylation, or pyridylethylation. Forty to 46% of the eukaryotic tryptic peptides contain Cys, Met, or Trp. Additionally, the importance of mass accuracy of differentially modified tryptic peptides for significant protein identification by database searches was analyzed. The results show that performic acid oxidation gives markedly extended mass distributions at mass accuracies from +/-0.002 to +/-0.25 Da for the eukaryotes. The effect of the expanded mass distribution on significant protein identification was illustrated by searching simulated mass peak lists against the databases containing oxidized and reduced tryptic peptides. The specificity of formic acid oxidation was tested experimentally, and no general adverse effects were detected. Tryptic peptides provided a 100% sequence coverage of oxidized barley grain peroxidase by LC-MS, and the sequence coverages of oxidized and carboxymethylated bovine serum albumin were similar by MALDI-TOF MS analyses.
Irinotecan plus Cisplatin Compared with Etoposide plus Cisplatin for Extensive Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2002)

Irinotecan plus cisplatin is an effective treatment for metastatic small-cell lung cancer.
Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reactions of Glycine Schiff Base with Aldehydes Catalyzed by Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salts (2002)

A practical and environmentally benign chemical process for the synthesis of optically active β-hydroxy-α-amino acids involves the reaction of an aldehyde, glycine Schiff base 2, in the presence of catalytic N-spiro chiral quaternary ammonium bromide 1. The cross-aldol product 3 is obtained with excellent stereochemical control (see scheme; a) (R,R)-1 (2 mol %), toluene/aqueous NaOH (1 %), 0° C, 2 h; b) HCl (1 n)/THF). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2002/z19746_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Scaling as a design principle for cartography (2016)

There are two fundamental laws of geography: scaling law and Tobler’s law. Scaling law is available across all scales ranging from the smallest to the largest, and it states that there are far more small things than large ones in geographic space. Tobler’s law is available in one scale, and it states that more or less similar things tend to be nearby or related. In this short article, I claim scaling as a design principle for cartography, but what I really wanted to convey is that scaling must become a dominant principle, if not the principle, of cartographic design. All other principles can, should, and must be subordinated to the major and dominant one.
Analysis of Patient Response to Preoperative Computerized Video Imaging (1989)

Preoperative computer-assisted video imaging was performed on 50 consecutive rhinoplasty candidates, along with routine preoperative photographs and assessment. Each patient then completed a questionnaire dealing with the imaging process. Patient acceptance of the imaging process was excellent. Responses indicated that most patients felt that video imaging improved communication between patient and surgeon, increased patient confidence in surgery and surgeon, and enhanced the patient-physician relationship. The future use of computer-assisted video imaging in teaching, preoperative planning, and improved post-operative patient satisfaction is discussed.
<i>In Situ</i> Tumor Vaccination by Combining Local Radiation and Tumor-Specific Antibody or Immunocytokine Treatments (2016)

Interest in combining radiotherapy and immune checkpoint therapy is growing rapidly. In this study, we explored a novel combination of this type to augment antitumor immune responses in preclinical murine models of melanoma, neuroblastoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cooperative effects were observed with local radiotherapy and intratumoral injection of tumor-specific antibodies, arising in part from enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). We could improve this response by combining radiation with intratumoral injection of an IL2-linked tumor-specific antibody (termed here an immunocytokine), resulting in complete regression of established tumors in most animals associated with a tumor-specific memory T-cell response. Given the T-cell response elicited by combined local radiation and intratumoral immunocytokine, we tested the potential benefit of adding this treatment to immune checkpoint blockade. In mice bearing large primary tumors or disseminated metastases, the triple-combination of intratumoral immunocytokine, radiation, and systemic anti-CTLA-4 improved primary tumor response and animal survival compared with combinations of any two of these three interventions. Taken together, our results show how combining radiation and intratumoral immunocytokine in murine tumor models can eradicate large tumors and metastases, eliciting an in situ vaccination effect that can be leveraged further by T-cell checkpoint blockade, with immediate implications for clinical evaluation. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3929-41. ©2016 AACR.
IL15 by Continuous Intravenous Infusion to Adult Patients with Solid Tumors in a Phase I Trial Induced Dramatic NK-Cell Subset Expansion (2019)

This phase I trial identified the MTD for CIV rhIL15 and defined a treatment regimen that produced significant expansions of CD8<sup>+</sup> T and NK effector cells in circulation and tumor deposits. This regimen has identified several biological features, including dramatic increases in numbers of NK cells, supporting trials of IL15 with anticancer mAbs to increase antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and anticancer efficacy.
Binary Complementary Synthetic-White LED Illuminators (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Synthetic-white illuminators for automobiles and other applications were constructed using a plurality of high-intensity light emitting diode (LED) components emitting saturated light with two different complementary hues. This configuration projects an additive color mixture forming white illumination and providing high illuminance, good color rendering, and high contrast. Unique optical components, electronic controls and manufacturing processes were also employed to maximize the advantages of this new lighting technology. The resulting system provides a combination of production-proven benefits previously unavailable in compact, rugged illuminators.</div>
Interactive Computer Graphics: A Top-Down Approach With OPENGL primer package-2nd Edition (2001)

Arterial elasticity and viscosity can be interpreted as properties that are dependent on the region of the vessel, whereas wall buffering function can be considered region-independent.
A user-level multicast performance comparison of scalable coherent interface and myrinet interconnects (2004)

This paper compares and evaluates the multicast performance of two of the most widely deployed system-area networks (SANs), Dolphin's scalable coherent interface (SCI) and Myricom's Myrinet. Both networks deliver low latency and high bandwidth to applications, but do not support multicast in hardware. We compared SCI and Myrinet in terms of their user-level performance using various software-based multicast algorithms under various networking and multicasting scenarios. The strengths and weaknesses of each network are comparatively presented in terms of numerous metrics, such as multicast completion latency, CPU utilization, link concentration and concurrency.
Improved Adaptive Protocol for authentication and key agreement (2008)

We explain the authentication and key agreement protocols for third-generation (3G) wireless communications. This protocol is known as 3GPP-AKA. We show this protocol is vulnerable to false base station attacks, and therefore, it needs synchronization between MS (mobile station) and HN (home network) that increases the complexity of system. Then, we analyze two techniques which are called adaptive protocol for AKA and extension of AKA. Any of these techniques eliminate some of the weaknesses of 3GPP-AKA. We combine these two techniques and propose a new technique, called improved adaptive protocol for AKA (IAP-AKA). We show this technique can be a good successor for 3GPP-AKA by eliminating synchronization, bandwidth wastage, and vulnerability to false base station attacks.
Pathogenetic role of the stromal cells in endometriosis and adenomyosis (1997)

Ten cases of endometriosis of bowel, ovaries, uterine serosa and 10 cases of adenomyosis were studied. Blocks of tissue with areas of interest were submitted for serial sectioning of the entire block. Some sections were immunostained for oestrogen receptor, vimentin, Ber-EP-4 and cytokeratins. The common finding was the presence of type 1 nodules, consisting of isolated nodules of endometrial stromal cells without endometrial glands, along blood or lymphatic vessels. The stromal cells showed positive immunoreactivities for oestrogen receptor and vimentin, and negative reactivities for cytokeratins. Due to the absence of connection with adjacent endometriosis or adenomyosis, it is likely that these endometrial stromal nodules arise from the multipotential pericytes. In addition, in serosa of all cases of endometriosis, type 2 nodules, having adjacent mesothelium (Ber-EP4-) changing into epithelium (Ber-EP4+) and type 3 nodules, with non-endometrial epithelium (oestrogen receptor-) changing into endometrial gland (oestrogen receptor+) were identified. We believe that the formation of type 1 nodules from the pericytes and the transformation of the mesothelium into endometrial glands in type 2 and 3 nodules are accomplished through the process of induction by the endometrial stroma, and the proliferation is controlled by genetic, hormonal and immunological factors. Type 1, 2 and 3 nodules are likely to represent a histological continuum in the development of early endometriosis. Subsequent to the formation of endometriosis in the serosa, the pathway of development of endometriosis and adenomyosis is similar. Through the processes of induction and proliferation there is an increase in size of the stroma of type 1 nodules and that of endometrial tissue with subsequent fusion of the stroma of type 1 nodules and that of foci of adenomyosis or endometriosis. Consequently, there is enlargement of the stroma of the foci of adenomyosis or endometriosis. The 'newly enlarged stroma' serves as 'new soil' for further growth of the endometrial glands in the endometrial tissue.
Protein degradation in a TX-TL cell-free expression system using ClpXP protease (2015)

An in vitro S30-based Escherichia coli expression system (“Transcription-Translation”, or “TX-TL”) has been developed as an alternative prototyping environment to the cell for synthetic circuits [1-5]. Basic circuit elements, such as switches and cascades, have been shown to function in TX-TL, as well as bacteriophage assembly [2, 6]. Circuits can also be prototyped from basic parts within 8 hours, avoiding cloning and transformation steps [7]. However, most published results have been obtained in a “batch mode” reaction, where factors that play an important role for in vivo circuit dynamics – namely protein degradation and protein dilution – are severely hindered or are not present. This limits the complexity of circuits built in TX-TL without steady-state or continuous-flow solutions [8-10]. However, alternate methods that enable dilution either require extra equipment and expertise or demand lower reaction throughput. We explored the possibility of supplementing TX-TL with ClpXP, an AAA+ protease pair that selectively degrades tagged proteins [11], to provide finely-tuned degradation. The mechanism of ClpXP degradation has been extensively studied both in vitro and in vivo [12-15]. However, it has not been characterized for use in synthetic circuits – metrics such as toxicity, ATP usage, degradation variation over time, and cellular loading need to be determined. In particular, TX-TL in batch mode is known to be resource limited [16], and ClpXP is known to require significant amounts of ATP to unfold different protein targets [17, 18]. We find that ClpXP’s protein degradation dynamics is dependent on protein identity, but can be determined experimentally. Degradation follows Michaels-Menten kinetics, and can be fine tuned by ClpX or ClpP concentration. Added purified ClpX is also not toxic to TX-TL reactions. Therefore, ClpXP provides a controllable way to introduce protein degradation and dynamics into synthetic circuits in TX-TL.
Future Directions: System Support for Pervasive Applications (2002)

To make pervasive computing a reality, we need better system support for building, deploying, and using pervasive applications. In this paper, we identify the unique requirements of pervasive computing environments---embracing change, encouraging ad hoc composition, and facilitating sharing. We then present a system architecture, called one.world , that addresses these requirements, and, based on our experiences with this architecture, suggest more advanced system services as well as a new, higher-level approach to building pervasive applications.
Efficient formation of a high-quality beam from a pure high-order Hermite–Gaussian mode (2002)

We present a relatively simple method for efficiently transforming a single high-order mode into a nearly Gaussian beam of much higher quality. The method is based on dividing the mode into equal parts that are then combined coherently. We illustrate the method by transforming a Hermite-Gaussian (1, 0) mode with M(x)(2)=3 into a nearly Gaussian beam with M(x)(2)=1. 045 . Experimental results are presented and compared with theoretical results.
Characteristics of rapidly formed hydrogen‐producing granules and biofilms (2008)

The physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of rapidly formed hydrogen-producing granules and biofilms were evaluated in the present study. Microbial species composition was examined using the 16S rDNA-based separation and sequencing techniques, and spatial distribution and internal structure of microbial components were evaluated by examining the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that a pure culture of Clostridium pasteurianum-like bacterium (98% similarity) was found in microbial community of granules and biofilms. It is postulated that containing such a species favored the rapid immobilization of hydrogen-producing culture. Manure granules and biofilms secreted 24-35 mg extracellulous proteins and 142-175 mg extracellulous polysaccharides in each gram of culture (in VSS). Such a high productivity of extracellulous polymers (ECP), a bio-glue to facilitate cell-to-cell and/or cell-to-substratum interaction, may work as the driving forces for the immobilization of C. pasteurianum. As abundant proteins were noted in the granule cores, it can be derived that rapid formation of the hydrogen-producing granules could be due to the establishment of precursor protein-rich microbial nuclei.
An investigation of spectral restoration algorithms for deep neural networks based noise robust speech recognition (2013)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are becoming widely accepted in automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. The deep structured nonlinear processing greatly improves the model’s generalization capability, but the performance under adverse environments is still unsatisfactory. In the literature, there have been many techniques successfully developed to improve Gaussian mixture models’ robustness. Investigating the effectiveness of these techniques for the DNN is an important step to thoroughly understand its superiority, pinpoint its limitations and most importantly to further improve it towards the ultimate human-level robustness. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of speech enhancement using spectral restoration algorithms for DNNs. Four approaches are evaluated, namely minimum mean-square error spectral estimator (MMSE), maximum likelihood spectral amplitude estimator (MLSA), maximum a posteriori spectral amplitude estimator (MAPA), and generalized maximum a posteriori spectral amplitude algorithm (GMAPA). The preliminary experimental results on the Aurora 2 speech database show that with multi-condition training data the DNN itself is capable of learning robust representations. However, if only clean data is available, the MLSA algorithm is the best spectral restoration training method for DNNs.