gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Fronto-Parietal Activation Depending on Force Used in a Precision Grip Task: An fMRI Study (2001)

Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies suggest that the control of fingertip forces between the index finger and the thumb (precision grips) is dependent on bilateral frontal and parietal regions in addition to the primary motor cortex contralateral to the grasping hand. Here we use fMRI to examine the hypothesis that some of the areas of the brain associated with precision grips are more strongly engaged when subjects generate small grip forces than when they employ large grip forces. Subjects grasped a stationary object using a precision grip and employed a small force (3.8 N) that was representative of the forces that are typically used when manipulating small objects with precision grips in everyday situations or a large force (16.6 N) that represents a somewhat excessive force compared with normal everyday usage. Both force conditions involved the generation of time-variant static and dynamic grip forces under isometric conditions guided by auditory and tactile cues. The main finding was that we observed stronger activity in the bilateral cortex lining the inferior part of the precentral sulcus (area 44/ventral premotor cortex), the rostral cingulate motor area, and the right intraparietal cortex when subjects applied a small force in comparison to when they generated a larger force. This observation suggests that secondary sensorimotor related areas in the frontal and parietal lobes play an important role in the control of fine precision grip forces in the range typically used for the manipulation of small objects.
Application of predictive control strategies to the management of complex networks in the urban water cycle [Applications of Control] (2013)

The management of the urban water cycle (UWC) is a subject of increasing interest because of its social, economic, and environmental impact. The most important issues include the sustainable use of limited resources and the reliability of service to consumers with adequate quality and pressure levels, as well as the urban drainage management to prevent flooding and polluting discharges to the environment.
Hepatocyte Targeting of Nucleic Acid Complexes and Liposomes by a T7 Phage p17 Peptide (2006)

A critical step for liver-directed gene therapy is the selective targeting of nucleic acids to hepatocytes. We have previously discovered that the proximal half of the T7 phage tail fiber protein (p17) targeted intact T7 phage and recombinant proteins to hepatocytes in vivo. In the present study, we have localized the targeting activities to a 33 amino acid sequence within the p17 coiled-coil rod domain. Given that the tail fiber domain from which the peptide was derived may form alpha and triple helical structures, biophysical studies (CD spectra and analytical ultracentrifugation) were conducted to determine the secondary and tertiary structures of the peptide. This peptide is able to target proteins, polymers, and siRNA and also particles such as DNA polyplexes and liposomes to hepatocytes. A variety of coupling strategies and chemistries were employed, thus demonstrating that this peptide is a versatile system for delivering cargo. The ability of this hepatocyte-targeting peptide to target DNA-containing particles suggests that it should be useful in the development of both nonviral and viral vectors. However, biological function of delivered cargo has not been demonstrated. This was primarily due to failure of delivered cargo to escape the endosomes. Further studies are in progress to provide functional activity of delivered nucleic acids by enabling their endosomal escape.
Oxidation of 2-Alkylcycloalkanones with Iodine–Cerium(IV) Salts in Alcohols (1999)

The reaction of 2-alkylcycloalkanones with iodine–cerium(IV) salts in alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol or propan-2-ol) gave the respective oxo ester in 28–98% yields.
Management Selection by Executive Recruitment Consultancies (1992)

Differs from previous studies of managerial selection methods. Focuses wholly on the activities of external executive recruitment consultancies. Results are presented from two major surveys on the use of selection methods by such consultancies: in general they use low validity techniques, primarily unstructured interviews and references. Low validity selection methods may be used because validity is not the primary “evaluative standard”. Suggests five alternative “evaluative standards”.
Metabolism of neuropeptides. Hydrolysis of the angiotensins, bradykinin, substance P and oxytocin by pig kidney microvillar membranes (1987)

Microvillar membranes derived from the brush border of the renal proximal tubule are very rich in peptidases. Pig kidney microvilli contain endopeptidase-24.11 associated with a battery of exopeptidases. The manner by which some neuropeptides are degraded by the combined attack of the peptidases of this membrane has been investigated. The contribution of individual peptidases was assessed by including inhibitors (phosphoramidon, captopril, amastatin and di-isopropyl fluorophosphate) with the membrane fraction when incubated with the peptides. Substance P, bradykinin and angiotensins I, II and III and insulin B-chain were rapidly hydrolysed by kidney microvilli. Oxytocin was hydrolysed much more slowly, but no products were detected from [Arg8]vasopressin or insulin under the conditions used for other peptides. The peptide bonds hydrolysed were identified and the contributions of the different peptidases were quantified. For each of the susceptible peptides, the main contribution came from endopeptidase-24.11 (inhibited by phosphoramidon). Peptidyl dipeptidase A (angiotensin-I-converting enzyme) was of less importance, even in respect of angiotensin I and bradykinin. When [2,3-Pro3,4-3H]bradykinin was also investigated at a lower concentration (20 nM), the conclusions in regard to the contributions of the two peptidases were unchanged. The possibility that endopeptidase-24.11 might attack within the six-residue disulphide-bridged rings of oxytocin and vasopressin was examined by dansyl(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl)ation and by reduction and carboxymethylation of the products after incubation. Additional peptides were only observed after prolonged incubation, consistent with hydrolysis at the Tyr2-Ile3 and Tyr2-Phe3 bonds respectively. These results show that a range of neuropeptides are efficiently degraded by microvillar membranes and that endopeptidase-24.11 plays a key role in this process.
Characterization and improved quantification of left ventricular inflow using streamline visualization with 4DFlow MRI in healthy controls and patients after atrioventricular septal defect correction (2014)

Streamline visualization of 4DFlow MRI data revealed dynamic trans-LAVV inflow and more lateral flow after AVSD correction. Streamline visualization improved trans-LAVV flow quantification as the positioning and angulation of the measurement plane was optimized, allowing an accurate assessment of left ventricular inflow.
The Influence of Oxygen Content on the Thermal Activation of Hematite Nanowires (2012)

Auf Draht: Die thermische Zersetzung von β-FeOOH-Nanodrähten bei 550 °C in sauerstoffarmer Atmosphäre erzeugt Hämatit-Nanodrähte (N-Hämatit) mit deutlich höherer Photostromdichte als Hämatit-Proben, die an Luft präpariert wurden (A-Hämatit). Diese verstärkte Photoaktivität wird der höheren Donordichte in den Hämatit-Nanodrähten zugeschrieben, die aus der Bildung von Sauerstoff-Fehlstellen resultiert.
Patients Infected with the Same Hepatitis C Virus Strain Display Different Kinetics of the Isolate-Specific Antibody Response (1997)

The antibody response to the hypervariable region of the E2 protein (HVR1) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was studied in 5 patients who were infected by a common virus strain during an outbreak in a hemodialysis unit. Two patients resolved the infection, while 3 developed chronic HCV infection. For studying the antibody response to HVR1 during the early phase of infection, a Western blot assay using recombinant phage displaying HVR1 was developed. The 2 patients with resolving infection had a more rapid antibody response to HVR1 than did the patients developing chronic infection. Anti-HVR1 antibodies were repeatedly absent in 1 of the chronically infected patients. Antibodies to recombinant E2 protein occurred later than the anti-HVR1 antibodies and did not correlate with resolution of the infection. Thus, the present results suggest that early appearance of antibodies to the HVR1 may predict clearance of HCV infection.
Polymer‐bound alkyltriazenes for mild racemization‐free esterification of amino acid and peptide derivatives (2004)

A novel tool for polymer-assisted solution phase (PASP) esterification of amino acid and peptide derivatives has been developed. When treated with carboxylic acids, polymer-bound alkyltriazenes react with a loss of nitrogen and transfer of the alkyl moiety to the carboxylate anion to form the corresponding alkyl esters. There are no limitations with regard to either the protecting groups or the nature of the amino acid. Furthermore no racemization occurs at the chiral centers of the amino acids as demonstrated by chiral GC-MS analyses. Alkyltriazene-resins were also applied successfully to the esterification of peptide acids and other peptidic structures, such as tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl-cysteine (Pam3Cys). The triazene-mediated esterification reaction is exceptionally mild, and there is no need for prior activation of the carboxy groups. This method is therefore particularly suitable for the alkylation of complex peptidomimetic structures prone to racemization and for acid-sensitive structures.
Lateral Position Error Reduction Using Misalignment-Sensing Coils in Inductive Power Transfer Systems (2018)

Inductive power transfer (IPT) remains one of the most common ways to achieve wireless power transmission, operating on the same electromagnetic principle as electrical transformers but with an air core instead of an iron core. IPT has been implemented in many applications, including wireless charging of consumer products like smartphones and electric vehicles. However, one challenge with using IPT is ensuring precise alignment between the primary and secondary coils of the system so that maximum power transfer can take place. In this paper, the use of misalignment-sensing coils to detect and correct lateral misalignments in an IPT system is modeled and tested. The sensing coils exploit magnetic-field symmetry to give a nonlinear measurement of misalignment direction and magnitude. Experiments using such sensing coils give a misalignment sensing resolution better than 1 mm when applied to a commercial smartphone wireless charger. Voltage readings from the sensing coils are used for closed-loop control of an experimental two-dimensional coil positioner that can reduce lateral misalignments as large as 35 mm to less than 1.4 mm, allowing for effective power transfer. A similar sensing coil concept can be used to reduce lateral misalignments in scaled IPT systems, such as electric-vehicle wireless chargers.
The microstructure and properties of thin WO3 films modified by gold (2010)

Direct current magnetron sputtering of a metallic W + Au target or high-frequency magnetron sputtering of WO3 + Au oxide targets was used to prepare thin (about 100 nm) nanocrystalline WO3 films with the addition of gold (disperse layers of catalytic gold were additionally deposited on the surface of films). The composition and micromorphology of the surface of films and the electrical and gas sensitive characteristics of nitrogen dioxide sensors were studied to determine the mechanism of the influence of gold on the properties of WO3 films. The films were shown to contain the β-WO3 orthorhombic and γ-WO2.72 monoclinic phases and gold particles. The presence of the nonstoichiometric γ-WO2.72 phase was shown to increase the concentration of oxygen vacancies in films and decrease the resistance of sensors to 1–2 MΩ. Gold nanoparticles 9–15 nm in size segregated on the surface of semiconductor crystallites and increased the response of sensors to NO2. The conclusion was drawn that deposited catalytic gold layers increased the response to traces of nitrogen dioxide.
Prostitution: A Survey and a Challenge. By Gladys Mary Hall, MA. London: Williams & Norgate, Ltd., 1933. Pp. 196. Price 7s. 6<i>d.</i> net. (1934)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Crystal Structure of Heme Oxygenase from the Gram-Negative Pathogen <i>Neisseria meningitidis </i>and a Comparison with Mammalian Heme Oxygenase-1 (2001)

We report the crystal structure of heme oxygenase from the pathogenic bacterium Neisseria meningitidis at 1.5 A and compare and contrast it with known structures of heme oxygenase-1 from mammalian sources. Both the bacterial and mammalian enzymes share the same overall fold, with a histidine contributing a ligand to the proximal side of the heme iron and a kinked alpha-helix defining the distal pocket. The distal helix differs noticeably in both sequence and conformation, and the distal pocket of the Neisseria enzyme is substantially smaller than in the mammalian enzyme. Key glycine residues provide the flexibility for the helical kink, allow close contact of the helix backbone with the heme, and may interact directly with heme ligands.
Three and a Half Centuries Later - The Modern Art of Liquid-Column Manometry (1994)

After three and a half centuries the Torricellian mercury manometer remains the most accurate pressure standard. State-of-the-art manometers achieve parts-per-million total uncertainties near atmospheric pressures and imprecisions as low as 0,01 Pa. The total uncertainty is determined primarily by uncertainties in the measurement of the height of the mercury surfaces and the average mercury density. The latter is limited generally by the uncertainty of the average temperature of the mercury. The techniques used to locate the mercury surfaces and determine their heights not only determine the imprecision and accuracy of the height measurement, but can also have a significant effect on the maintenance of a stable and uniform mercury temperature. This review discusses the factors important in high-accuracy manometers with particular emphasis on surface detection and height measurement techniques. Specifically discussed are capacitance detection, white-light fringes, optical interferometry, with and without floats, and ultrasonic measurements.
Network Service Header (NSH) MD Type 1: Context Header Allocation (Data Center) (2017)

This document provides a recommended default allocation for the
Network Service Header (NSH) MD Type 1 fixed length context header
when NSH is used for Service Function Chaining within a data center.
Periodontal risk assessment (PRA) for patients in supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). (2003)

The subject risk assessment may estimate the risk for susceptibility for progression of periodontal disease. It consists of an assessment of the level of infection (full mouth bleeding scores), the prevalence of residual periodontal pockets, tooth loss, an estimation of the loss of periodontal support in relation to the patient's age, an evaluation of the systemic conditions of the patient and finally, an evaluation of environmental and behavioral factors such as smoking. All these factors should be contemplated and evaluated together. A functional diagram may help the clinician in determining the risk for disease progression on the subject level. This may be useful in customizing the frequency and content of SPT visits.
Energy Efficient Security Services for Limited Wireless Devices (2006)

Due to broadcast nature of wireless radio transmission, security services are of paramount importance to protect information exchanged in a wireless network. However, providing security services increases the computation and hence energy consumption due to cryptographic algorithms. Energy tends to be a very limited resource for wireless devices operating on battery. Thus, energy efficient security services are necessary to operate limited wireless devices securely. In this paper, we propose Tunable Security Model (TSM) to minimize energy consumption while providing security services such that the user's security level requirement is satisfied. From our experiments in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks, it is shown that using TSM can save up to 8% energy for low-level security, and up to 43% energy for high-level security.
Two-dimensional anti-scatter grids for computed tomography detectors (2008)

The use of two-dimensional, focused, anti-scatter-grids (ASGs) in computed tomography is one essential solution to reduce the scatter radiation for large area detectors. A detailed analysis of the requirements and related image quality aspects lead to the specification of the two-dimensional focused geometry of the X-ray absorbing grids. Scatter simulations indicated trade-off conditions and provided estimations for the expected scatter reduction performance. Different production technologies for focused two-dimensional structures have been evaluated. The presented technology of Tomo Lithographic Molding (Tomo<sup>TM</sup>) shows good fulfilment of the specifications. Tomo<sup>TM</sup> is a synthesis of lithographic micromachining, precision stack lamination, molding, and casting processes with application-specific material systems. Geometry, material properties, and scatter performance have been investigated. Different analysis methods will be presented and results of the investigations demonstrate the performance capability of this two-dimensional grid technology. Material composition of the tungsten-polymer composite, homogeneity of wall thickness, and precision of the focusing have the biggest influence on the X-ray behavior. Dynamic forces on the anti-scatter-grid during CT operations should not lead to dynamic shadowing or intensity modulation on the active pixel area. Simulations of the wall deformation have been done to estimate the maximum position deviation. Prototype two-dimensional ASGs have been characterized and show promising results.
Internal Mechanisms of Plant Adaptation to Aluminum Toxicity and Phosphorus Starvation in Three Tropical Forages (2006)

ABSTRACT Many tropical forage grasses and legumes grow well in acid soils, adapting to excess aluminum (Al) and phosphorus (P) starvation stresses by using mechanisms that are still unclear. To determine these mechanisms, responses to Al toxicity and P starvation in three tropical forages were studied: two grasses, Brachiaria hybrid cv. ‘Mulato’ (B. ruziziensis clone 44-06 × B. brizantha cv. ‘Marandú’) and Andropogon gayanus, and one legume, Arachis pintoi. The tropical grasses tolerated high levels of Al toxicity and P starvation, with the Brachiaria hybrid maintaining very low levels of Al concentration in shoots. 27Al Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analysis revealed that, in the Brachiaria hybrid, Al makes complexes with some ligands such as organic-acid anions in the root symplast. The forages probably adapted to P starvation through high P-use efficiency. These experiments provide the first direct evidence we know of that organic acid anions within root tissue help detoxify Al in non-accumulator species such as the Brachiaria hybrid.
A Plug and Play Middleware for Sensory Modules, Actuation Platforms and Task Descriptions in Robotic Manipulation Platforms (2011)

We are developing a framework (RISCWare) for the modular design and integration of sensory modules, actuation platforms, and task descriptions that will be implemented as a tool to reduce efforts in designing and utilizing robotic platforms. The framework is used to customize robotic platforms by simply defining the available sensing devices, actuation platforms, and required tasks. The main purpose for designing this framework is to reduce the time and complexity of the development of robotic software and maintenance costs, and to improve code and component reusability. Usage of the proposed framework prevents the need to redesign or rewrite algorithms or applications due to changes in the robot’s platform, operating systems, or the introduction of new functionalities. In this paper, the RISCWare framework is developed and described. RISCWare is a robotic middleware used for the integration of heterogeneous robotic components. RISCWare consists of three modules. The first module is the sensory module, which represents sensors that collect information about the remote or local environment. The platform module defines the robotic platforms and actuation methods. The last module is the task-description module, which defines the tasks and applications that the platforms will perform such as teleoperation, navigation, obstacle avoidance, manipulation, 3-D reconstruction, and map building. The plug-and-play approach is one of the key features of RISCWare, which allows auto-detection and auto-reconfiguration of the attached standardized components (hardware and software) according to current system configurations. These components can be dynamically available or unavailable. Dynamic reconfiguration provides the facility to modify a system during its execution and can be used to apply patches and updates, to implement adaptive systems, or to support third-party modules. This automatic detection and reconfiguration of devices and driver software makes it easier and more efficient for end users to add and use new devices and software applications. In addition, the software components should be written in a flexible way to get better usage of the hardware resource and also they should be easy to install/uninstall. Several experiments, performed on the RISCbot II mobile manipulation platform, are described and implemented to evaluate the RISCWare framework with respect to applicability and resource utilization.
Splice loss in dispersion-modified single-mode silica fibers: effect of non-Gaussian fields (1989)

The nature of non-Gaussian fields in dispersion-modified single-mode silica fibers is examined to show the limitations of using two well-known Gaussian approximations for the theoretical prediction of splice loss caused by lateral and angular misalignments. To quantitatively evaluate this limitation, four dispersion-modified silica fiber designs were taken from the literature (a single-, a double-, a triple-, and a quadrupole-clad design) and splice losses calculated with Gaussian approximations were compared to that obtained by numerically integrating the overlap integral of the exact field distribution of the fundamental mode. The accuracy of each is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analytical electron microscope study of the omega phase transformation in a zirconium-niobium alloy (1979)

The study of the as-quenched omega phase morphology shows that the domain size of Zr-15% Nb is on the order of 30 A. No alignment of omega domains along <222>..beta.. directions was observed and samples having undergone thermal cycling in thin foil form, did not develop a long-period structure of alternating ..beta.. and ..omega.. phases below the omega transformation temperature. (FS)
A certain rubber shock absorber’s dynamic response research under impulse load (2014)

The complex impulse environment of artillery firing process brings very tough impulse resistance requirement for the artillery carrier equipment. The results of the vibration test of an electrical control box with a certain rubber shock absorber show that good shock absorb effect has not been received. Based on carefully theoretical analysis and simulation, it can be sure that the rigid collision when shock absorber reaches its limit is the reason. From the point of view of the theory and simulation of the experimental results, the analysis of the experiment results is given, which can provide the necessary theoretical basis of how to choose the appropriate shock absorber.