gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viral Control of Phytoplankton Populations—a Review<sup>1</sup> (2004)

Phytoplankton population dynamics are the result of imbalances between reproduction and losses. Losses include grazing, sinking, and natural mortality. As the importance of microbes in aquatic ecology has been recognized, so has the potential significance of viruses as mortality agents for phytoplankton. The field of algal virus ecology is steadily changing and advancing as new viruses are isolated and new methods are developed for quantifying the impact of viruses on phytoplankton dynamics and diversity. With this development, evidence is accumulating that viruses can control phytoplankton dynamics through reduction of host populations, or by preventing algal host populations from reaching high levels. The identification of highly specific host ranges of viruses is changing our understanding of population dynamics. Viral-mediated mortality may not only affect algal species succession, but may also affect intraspecies succession. Through cellular lysis, viruses indirectly affect the fluxes of energy, nutrients, and organic matter, especially during algal bloom events when biomass is high. Although the importance of viruses is presently recognized, it is apparent that many aspects of viral-mediated mortality of phytoplankton are still poorly understood. It is imperative that future research addresses the mechanisms that regulate virus infectivity, host resistance, genotype richness, abundance, and the fate of viruses over time and space.
A Performance-Based Technology Assessment Methodology to Support DoD Acquisition (2005)

Many weapon system failures are attributed to premature transfer of technology to operational systems. Insufficient measures of assessing technology readiness are major contributors to such failures. This paper presents a methodology to measure the performance risk of technology in order to determine its transition readiness. This methodology is referred to as Technology Performance Risk Index (TPRI). The TPRI can track technology readiness through a life cycle, or it can be used at a specific time to support a particular system milestone decision. The TPRI is computed using the performance requirements, the Degree of Difficulty (DD), and the unmet performance. These components are combined in a closed- loop feedback manner to analytically calculate the performance risk. TPRI is illustrated by an example using published system requirements data.
Cutting Edge: Primary Innate Immune Cells Respond Efficiently to Polymeric Peptidoglycan, but Not to Peptidoglycan Monomers (2011)

The cell wall of bacteria induces proinflammatory cytokines in monocytes and neutrophils in human blood. The nature of the stimulating component of bacterial cell walls is not well understood. We have previously shown polymeric peptidoglycan (PGN) has this activity, and the cytokine response requires PGN internalization and trafficking to lysosomes. In this study, we demonstrate that peptidoglycan monomers such as muramyl dipeptide and soluble peptidoglycan fail to induce robust cytokine production in immune cells, although they activate the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins in transfected cell models. We further show that lysosomal extracts from immune cells degrade intact peptidoglycan into simpler products and that the lysosomal digestion products activate the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins. We conclude that naive innate immune cells recognize PGN in its polymeric form rather than monomers such as muramyl dipeptide and require PGN lysosomal hydrolysis to respond. These findings offer new opportunities in the treatment of sepsis, especially sepsis arising from Gram-positive organisms.
Nanostructured Pt Dispersed on Graphene-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Nanomaterials as Electrocatalyst for PEMFC (2010)

Nanostructured platinum dispersed on functionalized graphene and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube [Pt/(f-G-f-MWNT)] hybrid nanomaterials, a unique combination of three-, two, and one-dimensional structures, were used as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Electrochemical studies performed on Pt/(f-G-f-MWNT) composite materials by varying the ratio of the composition of f-G and f-MWNT for the investigation of the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) have resulted in an ECSA as high as for the Pt dispersed on nanocomposite containing equal proportions of f-G and f-MWNT. Polarization graphs for the ORR reaction in PEMFC with Pt/(f-G-f-MWNT) as an electrocatalyst resulted in the best performance of for the cathode catalyst, agreeing with the electrochemical active surface area of Pt, due to good accessibility and uniform dispersion of the nanostructured Pt catalyst dispersed on the f-G-f-MWNT catalyst support, making them a suitable electrocatalyst for advanced PEMFC.
Stability of Matter in Magnetic Fields (1995)

In the presence of arbitrarily large magnetic fields, matter composed of electrons and nuclei was known to be unstable if $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ or $Z$ is too large. Here we prove that matter is stable if $\ensuremath{\alpha}<0.06$ and $Z{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}<0.04$.
A Permeable Membrane Sensor For The Detection Of Volatile Compounds In Soil (1998)

The large volume of site investigation workbeing performed since 1980 has spurred numerous attempts to improve<br>field methods of data collection. As part of this effort, GeoProbe Systems has developed two soil logging tools<br>which can be driven into soil to determine either lithology or contaminant concentration. These two tools are the<br>soil conductivity logging tool and the membrane interface probe. Both of these methods can be combined into the<br>same probe giving the site investigator a powerful means of collecting subsurface information. The soil conductivity<br>log of this probing tool is used to interpret lithology while the membrane interface probe is used to determine the<br>position and approximate concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).<br>This paper will describe the principle of operation of the combined soil conductivity (SC) and membrane interface<br>probe (MIP). Data is presented in this paper from actual field use of<br>the MIP/SC logging system on fuel hydrocarbon and chlorinated<br>solvent contamination and comparisons are made to soil core analyses.
Ultraviolet Sensitivity and Spectral Opponency in the Locust (1986)

ABSTRACT Intracellular recordings in the medulla of the locust optic lobe reveal units showing u.v. sensitivity and spectral opponency. Previously only a single population of photoreceptors had been recorded in the locust retina, with peak sensitivity from 450—480 nm. Behavioural measurements show that the dorsal light response is elicited only by u.v. light, unlike the optomotor response whose spectral sensitivity is probably attributable to inputs from the green-sensitive cells. The possibility that the cells described may be involved in maintenance of level flight is discussed.
Multicomponent time‐lapse monitoring of two hydraulic fracture stimulations in an unconventional reservoir, Pouce Coupe Field, Canada (2011)

A multicomponent time‐lapse survey was acquired by Talisman Energy in early 2008, along with microseismic of various methods, with the intent of delineating stimulated rock volume in an unconventional Montney reservoir. In an effort to determine the expected reservoir time‐lapse response to an increase in fluid pressure due to the fracture stimulation, static moduli and velocity measurements in core data were analyzed. Due to the impermeable nature of the reservoir, only a very subtle time‐lapse change is predicted from the core data, and only if full pressurization of the reservoir is achieved. Fluid flow modeling, however, shows full pressurization of the reservoir expected only in the immediate vicinity of the induced fracture, and therefore little or no time‐lapse response is expected in the P‐wave domain, and none is observed, Finally, modeling of the local reservoir stress regime before and after the induction of a fracture indicates a significant change is expected, one that is seen through analysis of shear‐wave splitting. The time‐lapse response in birefringence shows a correlation to downhole microseismic monitoring of the fracture extents.
Cyclebase.org a comprehensive multi-organism online database of cell-cycle experiments (2007)

The past decade has seen the publication of a large number of cell-cycle microarray studies and many more are in the pipeline. However, data from these experiments are not easy to access, combine and evaluate. We have developed a centralized database with an easy-to-use interface, Cyclebase.org, for viewing and downloading these data. The user interface facilitates searches for genes of interest as well as downloads of genome-wide results. Individual genes are displayed with graphs of expression profiles throughout the cell cycle from all available experiments. These expression profiles are normalized to a common timescale to enable inspection of the combined experimental evidence. Furthermore, state-of-the-art computational analyses provide key information on both individual experiments and combined datasets such as whether or not a gene is periodically expressed and, if so, the time of peak expression. Cyclebase is available at http://www.cyclebase.org.
Chain-Growth Synthesis of Polyfluorenes with Low Polydispersities, Block Copolymers of Fluorene, and End-Capped Polyfluorenes: Toward New Optoelectronic Materials (2010)

Here we present the kinetics on the polymerization of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) using the Grignard metathesis method (GRIM). By adjusting the reaction conditions, we observed a chain-growth mechanism evidenced by the relatively high molecular weight polymer produced early in the reaction. Well-defined fluorene polymers with average molecular weights of about 10 kDa and with PDI values <1.2 have been produced. We have also found that under certain conditions end-capping of the polymer chain can be obtained. Using these conditions, we have also been able to synthesize two new block copolymers, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-b-poly(3-hexylthiophene) (PF8-b-P3HT) and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-b-poly(1,4-dioctyloxyphenylene) (PF8-b-PPP), that have been produced through chain extension by monomer addition.
Laser Triggering of Spark Gap Switches with Less Than 100uJs of Energy. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Detecting Depression Severity from Vocal Prosody (2013)

To investigate the relation between vocal prosody and change in depression severity over time, 57 participants from a clinical trial for treatment of depression were evaluated at seven-week intervals using a semi-structured clinical interview for depression severity (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression: HRSD). All participants met criteria for Major Depressive Disorder at week 1. Using both perceptual judgments by naive listeners and quantitative analyses of vocal timing and fundamental frequency, three hypotheses were tested: 1) Naive listeners can perceive the severity of depression from vocal recordings of depressed participants and interviewers. 2) Quantitative features of vocal prosody in depressed participants reveal change in symptom severity over the course of depression. And 3) Interpersonal effects occur as well; such that vocal prosody in interviewers shows corresponding effects. These hypotheses were strongly supported. Together, participants' and interviewers' vocal prosody accounted for about 60% of variation in depression scores, and detected ordinal range of depression severity (low, mild, and moderate-to-severe) in 69% of cases (kappa = 0.53). These findings suggest that analysis of vocal prosody could be a powerful tool to assist in depression screening and monitoring over the course of depressive disorder and recovery.
A Split-Reduced Successive Cancellation List Decoder for Polar Codes (2015)

This paper focuses on low complexity successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding of polar codes. In particular, using the fact that splitting may be unnecessary when the reliability of decoding the unfrozen bit is sufficiently high, a novel splitting rule is proposed. Based on this rule, it is conjectured that, if the correct path survives at some stage, it tends to survive till termination without splitting with high probability. On the other hand, the incorrect paths are more likely to split at the following stages. Motivated by these observations, a simple counter that counts the successive number of stages without splitting is introduced for each decoding path to facilitate the identification of correct and incorrect paths. Specifically, any path with counter value larger than a predefined threshold ω is deemed to be the correct path, which will survive at the decoding stage, while other paths with counter value smaller than the threshold will be pruned, thereby reducing the decoding complexity. Furthermore, it is proved that there exists a unique unfrozen bit u <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> -K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> +1, after which the successive cancellation decoder achieves the same error performance as the maximum likelihood decoder if all the prior unfrozen bits are correctly decoded, which enables further complexity reduction. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed low complexity SCL decoder attains performance similar to that of the conventional SCL decoder, while achieving substantial complexity reduction.
Two-stage EDFAs with counterpumped first stage suitable for long-haul soliton systems (1994)

Extremely-low-noise operation of in-line amplifiers in transoceanic submarine systems imposes conflicting requirements. Because signal loss at the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) input adds directly to the noise figure, counterpropagation of pump and signal is necessary. On the other hand, it is the inversion at the EDEA input that is most important in determining the noise figure. For 980-nm-pumped in-line EDFAs in long-haul submarine systems (which for reasons of system robustness will be operated with gain compression of at least 6 dB), pump depletion in counterpumped amplifiers seriously degrades the noise figure. We show that the use of a two-stage 980-nm-pumped amplifier with a counterpumped first stage and a midamplifier filter to suppress the buildup of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) around the 1530-nm gain peak allows noise figures as low as 3.4 dB. Previously, the behavior of two-stage amplifiers has been considered primarily for preamplifier applications and only for copropagating pump and signal.2,3
Synthetic Study on Hatching Stimuli for the Soybean Cyst Nematode (1987)

Journal Article Synthetic Study on Hatching Stimuli for the Soybean Cyst Nematode Get access Atsushi Miwa, Atsushi Miwa Pharmaceutical Laboratory (Takasaki Lab.), Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., 3, Miyahara-cho, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370–12, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasushi Nii, Yasushi Nii Pharmaceutical Laboratory (Takasaki Lab.), Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., 3, Miyahara-cho, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370–12, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideki Okawara, Hideki Okawara Pharmaceutical Laboratory (Takasaki Lab.), Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., 3, Miyahara-cho, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370–12, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masayuki Sakakibara Masayuki Sakakibara Pharmaceutical Laboratory (Takasaki Lab.), Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., 3, Miyahara-cho, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370–12, Japan To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 51, Issue 12, 1 December 1987, Pages 3459–3461, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1987.10868554 Published: 01 December 1987 Article history Received: 10 September 1987 Published: 01 December 1987
LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Is Mediated by Nox4-SH3YL1 (2020)

Cytosolic proteins are required for regulation of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase (Nox) isozymes. Here we show that Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing YSC84-like 1 (SH3YL1), as a Nox4 cytosolic regulator, mediates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation, leading to acute kidney injury. The SH3YL1, Ysc84p/Lsb4p, Lsb3p, and plant FYVE proteins (SYLF) region and SH3 domain of SH3YL1 contribute to formation of a complex with Nox4-p22<sup>phox</sup>. Interaction of p22<sup>phox</sup> with SH3YL1 is triggered by LPS, and the complex induces H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in mouse tubular epithelial cells. After LPS injection, SH3YL1 knockout mice show lower levels of acute kidney injury biomarkers, decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased infiltration of macrophages, and reduced tubular damage compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The results strongly suggest that SH3YL1 is involved in renal failure in LPS-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) mice. We demonstrate that formation of a ternary complex of p22<sup>phox</sup>-SH3YL1-Nox4, leading to H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation, induces severe renal failure in the LPS-induced AKI model.
Analysis of gene expression in cancer cell lines identifies candidate markers for pancreatic tumorigenesis and metastasis (2004)

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive type of malignancy and the prognosis for disease presenting typically at a late stage is extremely poor. A comprehensive understanding of its molecular genetics is required in order to develop new approaches to clinical management. To date, serial analysis of gene expression and more recently oligo/cDNA microarray technologies have been employed in order to identify genes involved in pancreatic neoplasia that can be developed as diagnostic markers and drug targets for this dismal disease. This study describes the expression profile obtained from 20 pancreatic cell lines using cDNA microarrays containing 9,932 human gene elements. Numerous genes were identified as being differentially expressed, some of which have been previously implicated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (S100P, S100A4, prostate stem cell antigen, lipocalin 2, claudins 3 and 4, trefoil factors 1 and 2) as well as several novel genes. The differentially expressed genes identified are involved in a variety of cellular functions, including control of transcription, regulation of the cell cycle, proteolysis, cell adhesion and signaling. Validation of our array results was performed by exploring the SAGEmap database and by immunohistochemistry for a selection of 4 genes that have not previously been studied in pancreatic cancer: anterior gradient 2 homologue (Xenopus laevis), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 and 4 and Forkhead box J1. Immunostaining was performed using pancreas-specific tissue microarrays containing core biopsies from 305 clinical specimens. In addition, using statistical group comparison and hierarchical clustering, a selection of genes was identified that may be linked to the site of metastasis from which these cell lines were isolated.
Recent Advances in Intracellular and In Vivo ROS Sensing: Focus on Nanoparticle and Nanotube Applications (2012)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increasingly being implicated in the regulation of cellular signaling cascades. Intracellular ROS fluxes are associated with cellular function ranging from proliferation to cell death. Moreover, the importance of subtle, spatio-temporal shifts in ROS during localized cellular signaling events is being realized. Understanding the biochemical nature of the ROS involved will enhance our knowledge of redox-signaling. An ideal intracellular sensor should therefore resolve real-time, localized ROS changes, be highly sensitive to physiologically relevant shifts in ROS and provide specificity towards a particular molecule. For in vivo applications issues such as bioavailability of the probe, tissue penetrance of the signal and signal-to-noise ratio also need to be considered. In the past researchers have heavily relied on the use of ROS-sensitive fluorescent probes and, more recently, genetically engineered ROS sensors. However, there is a great need to improve on current methods to address the above issues. Recently, the field of molecular sensing and imaging has begun to take advantage of the unique physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles and nanotubes. Here we discuss the recent advances in the use of these nanostructures as alternative platforms for ROS sensing, with particular emphasis on intracellular and in vivo ROS detection and quantification.
Commercialization of Electronic Information (2000)

Information dissemination is slowly moving from printed media to electronic media. However this step cannot be completed if the electronic commercialization of information does not provide the same guarantees against copyright infringement as with the printed media. In this paper we present the major requirement for the commercialization of electronic information and describe Hep, an agent-based framework we developed for the commercialization of arbitrary electronic documents over open networks. The Hep electronic document commercialization model follows the secure content encapsulation model and regards documents as programs (agents) that need to be executed in order to reveal their contents. This way the document provider can include arbitrary checks and controls against possible copyright infringement attempts.
<i>MYC</i> translocation and an increased copy number predict poor prognosis in adult diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), especially in germinal centre‐like B cell (GCB) type (2008)

Analyses of MYC and Bcl-2 status, i.e. translocation and ICN, in the context of DLBCL phenotype might help predict prognosis and determine therapeutic strategies.
Synthesis of Zeolite .BETA. and Its Performance in Catalytic Cracking (2009)

Zeolite β was cost-effectively synthesized by the direct crystallization conversion of silicic and aluminium source powders using tetraethylammonium bromide (TEABr) as the structure-directing agent. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonium (NH3-TPD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. The characterization results indicated that the acidity and the pore structure of the synthesized zeolite were consistent with the standard zeolite β, although a trace of stray crystal of mordenite was observed. The lab-synthesized zeolite β, which was used as the additive in the USY-based fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst, exhibited a performance in catalytic cracking reaction of heavy oil feed that was similar to the performance of the standard zeolite β.