gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Stages in Diabetic Renal Disease: With Emphasis on the Stage of Incipient Diabetic Nephropathy (1983)

Alterations in renal function and structure are found even at the onset of diabetes mellitus. Studies performed over the last decade now allow definition of a series of stages in the development of renal changes in diabetes. Such a classification may be useful both in clinical work and in research activities. Stage 1 is characterized by early hyperfunction and hypertrophy. These changes are found at diagnosis, before insulin treatment. Increased urinary albumin excretion, aggravated during physical exercise, is also a characteristic finding. Changes are at least partly reversible by insulin treatment. Stage 2 develops silently over many years and is characterized by morphologic lesions without signs of clinical disease. However, kidney function tests and morphometry on biopsy specimens reveal changes. The function is characterized by increased GFR. During good diabetes control, albumin excretion is normal; however, physical exercise unmasks changes in albuminuria not demonstrable in the resting situation. During poor diabetes control albumin excretion goes up both at rest and during exercise. A number of patients continue in stage 2 throughout their lives. Stage 3, incipient diabetic nephropathy, is the forerunner of overt diabetic nephropathy. Its main manifestation is abnormally elevated urinary albumin excretion, as measured by radioimmunoassay. A level higher than the values found in normal subjects but lower than in clinical disease is the main characteristic of this stage, which appeared to be between 15 and 300 micrograms/min in the baseline situation. A slow, gradual increase over the years is a prominent feature in this very decisive phase of renal disease in diabetes when blood pressure is rising. The increased rate in albumin excretion is higher in patients with increased blood pressure. GFR is still supranormal and antihypertensive treatment in this phase is under investigation, using the physical exercise test. Stage 4 is overt diabetic nephropathy, the classic entity characterized by persistent proteinuria (greater than 0.5 g/24 h). When the associated high blood pressure is left untreated, renal function (GFR) declines, the mean fall rate being around 1 ml/min/mo. Long-term antihypertensive treatment reduces the fall rate by about 60% and thus postpones uremia considerably. Stage 5 is end-stage renal failure with uremia due to diabetic nephropathy. As many as 25% of the population presently entering the end-stage renal failure programs in the United States are diabetic. Diabetic nephropathy and diabetic vasculopathy constitute a major medical problem in society today.
Protozoan and metazoan infections (1995)

* Phylum Amoebozoa, D Zilberg, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel and B L Munday, University of Tasmania, Australia * Phylum Dinoflagellata, E J Noga and M G Levy, North Carolina State University, USA * Diplomonadida (Phylum Parabasalia) and Kinetoplastida (Phylum Euglenozoa), P T K Woo * Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Cryptocaryon irritans (Phylum Ciliophora), H W Dickerson, University of Georgia, USA * Trichodinidae and Other Ciliates (Phylum Ciliophora), L Basson and J Van As, University of the Free State, South Africa * Phylum Apicomplexa, K Molnar, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungary * Phylum Microspora, I Dykova, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Republic * Phylum Myxozoa, S W Feist and M Longshaw, CEFAS Weymouth Laboratory, UK * Monogenea (Phylum Platyhelminthes), K Buchmann and J Bresciani, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark * Digenea (Phylum Platyhelminthes), I Paperna and R Dzikowski, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel * Cestoidea (Phylum Platyhelminthes), T A Dick, C Chambers and I Isinguzo, University of Manitoba, Canada * Phylum Nematoda, K Molnar, K Buchmann and C Szekely, Veterinary Medical Institute, Hungary * Phylum Acanthocephala, B B Nickol, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA * Phylum Arthropoda, R J G Lester and C Hayward, The University of Queensland, Australia * Phylum Annelida: Hirudinea as Vectors and Disease Agents, E M Burreson, The College of William and Mary, USA * Fish-borne Parasitic Zoonoses, R C Ko, The University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China * Parasitic Diseases of Shellfish, S M Bower, Pacific Biological Station, Canada * The Immune System of Fish, W B van Muiswinkel and B Vervoorn-Van Der Wal, Wageningen University, The Netherlands * Immunocompetent Cells and Their Mediators in Finfish, B F Ardelli, McGill University, and P T K Woo * Molecular Approaches and Techniques, T G Clark, Cornell University, USA.
Patellar Contact Pressure Changes With Anteromedialization of Tibial Tubercle, Lateral Release, and New Technique for Elevating Quadriceps Tendon: A Biomechanical Study (2013)

Anteromedialization of the tibial tubercle has been shown to unload contact pressure in the distal and lateral region. No study has evaluated pressures after anteriorization of the quadriceps tendon as a way to decrease contact pressures at the patella. In this controlled laboratory study, six cadaveric knees were tested by placing Fuji pressure film to measure patellar contact area, pressure, and force at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° in the intact state and after anteromedialization of the tibial tubercle, lateral release, and anteriorization of the quadriceps tendon. The addition of anteriorizing the quadriceps tendon decreased patellar contact area and force in the distal and lateral patella more than anteromedialization of the tibial tubercle and lateral release alone, though not in the proximal aspects of the patella as hypothesized.
Robot Networks with Homonyms: The Case of Patterns Formation (2011)

In this paper, we consider the problem of formation of a series of geometric patterns [4] by a network of oblivious mobile robots that communicate only through vision. So far, the problem has been studied in models where robots are either assumed to have distinct identifiers or to be completely anonymous. To generalize these results and to better understand how anonymity affects the computational power of robots, we study the problem in a new model, introduced recently in [5], in which n robots may share up to 1 <= h <= n different identifiers. We present necessary and sufficient conditions, relating symmetricity and homonymy, that makes the problem solvable. We also show that in the case where h = n, making the identifiers of robots invisible does not limit their computational power. This contradicts a result of [4]. To present our algorithms, we use a function that computes the Weber point for many regular and symmetric configurations. This function is interesting in its own right, since the problem of finding Weber points has been solved up to now for only few other patterns.
Role of the p-hydroxyl group in the nitrobenzene oxidation of hydroxybenzyl alcohols (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole of the p-hydroxyl group in the nitrobenzene oxidation of hydroxybenzyl alcoholsTor P. Schultz, Thomas H. Fisher, and Stephen M. DershemCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 2, 279–281Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00378a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00378a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efectos Neurológicos y Psicológicos de COVID-19 en Niños y Adolescentes (2020)

La pandemia de Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ha producido más de 400 mil muertos a nivel mundial. COVID-19 también puede provocar trastornos neurológicos1; además, el confinamiento, las cuarentenas y toda la problemática social asociada ha llevado a angustia, estrés y síntomas depresivos en la población, situación que no es ajena para niños y adolescentes. Esta carta destaca los efectos neurológicos y psicológicos de COVID-19 en niños y adolescentes.
Automatically Generating Tests from Natural Language Descriptions of Software Behavior (2013)

Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) is an emerging agile development approach where all stakeholders (including developers and customers) work together to write user stories in structured natural language to capture a software application's functionality in terms of re- quired "behaviors". Developers then manually write "glue" code so that these scenarios can be executed as software tests. This glue code represents individual steps within unit and acceptance test cases, and tools exist that automate the mapping from scenario descriptions to manually written code steps (typically using regular expressions). Instead of requiring programmers to write manual glue code, this thesis investigates a practical approach to con- vert natural language scenario descriptions into executable software tests fully automatically. To show feasibility, we developed a tool called Kirby that uses natural language processing techniques, code information extraction and probabilistic matching to automatically gener- ate executable software tests from structured English scenario descriptions. Kirby relieves the developer from the laborious work of writing code for the individual steps described in scenarios, so that both developers and customers can both focus on the scenarios as pure behavior descriptions (understandable to all, not just programmers). Results from assessing the performance and accuracy of this technique are presented.
Nickel-Catalyzed Cyanation of 2- and 3- Bromothiophene (1990)

Abstract Trans-chloro-(2-naphthyl)-bis-(triphenylphosphine)nickel has been used to catalyze the conversion of 2-and 3-bromothiophene with alkali cyanide into the corresponding nitriles. A modified procedure for preparing the catalyst is described.
Metabolic Effects of Sulforaphane Oral Treatment in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats (2012)

Diabetes has reached epidemic levels in the whole world, and the use of bioactive compounds that may have the capacity to prevent and treat diabetes is of great interest. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a compound which is found in cruciferous vegetables and that acts as both a potent antioxidant and regulator of gene expression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SFN in diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Male Wistar rats were gavaged with water or 0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 mg/kg of SFN before an injection of STZ (80 mg/kg). Animals treated with SFN showed fasting glycemia, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic glycogen concentrations, similar to the control group (nondiabetic), and different from the diabetic group. Diabetic animals also presented elevated levels of serum triacylglycerols (TAG), urea, and creatinine, and all SFN doses were able to reverse these alterations. However, the same doses of SFN accentuated alterations in total cholesterol, alanine, and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and had no effect on hepatic TAG, HDL cholesterol, and uptake of 2-deoxy glucose in adipose tissue and soleum muscle. Based on the effects inferred by the present data, SFN presented some positive effects against diabetes induction, although the impairment of hepatic function and cholesterol levels were aggravated after treatment with the compound.
Multilevel Algorithms for Multi-Constraint Hypergraph Partitioning (1999)

Traditional hypergraph partitioning algorithms compute a bisection a graph such that the number of hyperedges that are cut by the partitioning is minimized and each partition has an equal number of vertices. The task of minimizing the cut can be considered as the objective and the requirement that the partitions will be of the same size can be considered as the constraint. In this paper we extend the partitioning problem by incorporating an arbitrary number of balancing constraints. In our formulation, a vector of weights is assigned to each vertex, and the goal is to produce a bisection such that the partitioning satisfies a balancing constraint associated with each weight, while attempting to minimize the cut. We present new multi-constraint hypergraph partitioning algorithms that are based on the multilevel partitioning paradigm. We experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of our multi-constraint partitioners on a variety of synthetically generated problems. # This work wa...
Design of fixed frequency controlled radial-mode stacked disk-type piezoelectric transformers for DC/DC converter applications (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new design procedure to determine the optimal size of a piezoelectric transformer (PT) for DC/DC converter applications. We examined several parameters, which allows us to produce a piezoelectric transformer with optimal efficiency and which has an optimal range for regulating voltage. The characteristics of a piezoelectric transformer (PT) are well known when the load impedance is a pure resistor. However, when piezoelectric transformers are used in AC/DC or DC/DC converter applications, it requires the presence of a rectifier circuit block. A rectifier is usually a nonlinear device which does not act like a pure resistor. We began by modeling a full-wave rectifier directly in order to understand the design constraint variables such as the maximum mechanical current, the piezoelectric transformer configuration, and the energy balance of the PT configuration. In our final design, a stacked disk-type piezoelectric transformer with radial-mode vibration was chosen due to the large number of design parameters required. In our new design procedure, instead of just looking at the typical optimal loading condition of the PT, we used the concept of a maximum mechanical current to determine the new optimal efficiency which is suitable for voltage regulation. From our results we found that the size of the piezoelectric transformer and efficiency are trade-offs which means that they have an inverse relationship. In summary, we developed a new design procedure to determine the optimal size of a piezoelectric transformer, which we found to be small but with high efficiency so as to provide an optimal range for regulating voltage.
Augmentation of spontaneous macrophage-mediated cytolysis by eosinophil peroxidase (1982)

Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), a cationic protein purified from horse blood, adhered to four different types of tumor cells, markedly potentiating their lysis by preformed or enzymatically generated H(2)0(2) (up to 76-fold, as assayed in serum-containing tissue culture medium without supplemental halide). Similarly, compared with uncoated tumor cells, EPO-coated tumor cells were up to 32 times more sensitive to lysis when incubated with macrophages or granulocytes whose respiratory burst was triggered by PMA. However, EPO-coated tumor cells were also readily lysed by bacillus Calmette- Guerin-activated macrophages in the absence of exogenous triggering agents. This spontaneous cytolysis was rapid (50 percent at 2 h) and potent (50 percent lysis at macrophage/tumor cell ratios of 1.5 to 4.6), and was observed with both a peroxide-sensitive tumor (TLX9) and a peroxide-resistant tumor (NK lymphoma). Under the conditions used, neither EPO alone nor macrophages alone were spontaneously cytolytic. Neither EPO nor EPO-coated tumor cells triggered a detectable increment in H(2)0(2) release from macrophages. Nonetheless, spontaneous macrophage-mediated cytolysis of EPO- coated tumor cells was completely inhibitable by catalase (50 percent inhibition, 23 U/ml), although not by heated catalase, indicating a requirement for H(2)0(2). Cytolysis was also completely inhibitable by azide (50 percent inhibition, 2.6 X 10 -5 M), indicating a requirement for enzymatic activity of EPO. Thus, a cytophilic peroxidase from eosinophils and H(2)0(2) spontaneously released from activated macrophages interacted synergistically in a physiologic medium to destroy tumor cells.
Speed binning with high-quality structural patterns from functional timing analysis (FTA) (2016)

In the nanometer era where the operating speed of a chip decides its price, design companies rely on high-qualty speed binning approaches to maxmizie their profits. The conventional speed binning approach is legacy (i.e. structural) since functional tests are too expensive to derive. Besides legacy and functional tests, recent studies tried to apply the notion of delay testing for deriving speed-binning patterns; however, all of them could not determine the number of patterns required for speed-binning nor taking process variation into consideration. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a speed-binning pattern generation (SBPG) method to deterministically generate a high-quality pattern set for speed binning. This SBPG mainly consists of two core techniques: (1) empirical variation sampling (EVS) and (2) functional timing analysis (FTA), which efficiently derives few high-quality patterns from a small number of learning samples. SBPG achieves a satisfactory accuracy (> 99% on average) for five benchmark circuits under various conditions of process variation, and is shown to be an efficient solution for speed binning.
[Apoptotic induction of human lung carcinoma A549 cells by DFMO through Fas/FasL pathway]. (2003)

DFMO induce apoptosis of human lung carcinoma A549 cells through Fas/FasL pathway. It might be correlated with the expression of human lung carcinoma-associated antigen and ras P21 protein.
Table Detection Using Deep Learning (2017)

Table detection is a crucial step in many document analysis applications as tables are used for presenting essential information to the reader in a structured manner. It is a hard problem due to varying layouts and encodings of the tables. Researchers have proposed numerous techniques for table detection based on layout analysis of documents. Most of these techniques fail to generalize because they rely on hand engineered features which are not robust to layout variations. In this paper, we have presented a deep learning based method for table detection. In the proposed method, document images are first pre-processed. These images are then fed to a Region Proposal Network followed by a fully connected neural network for table detection. The proposed method works with high precision on document images with varying layouts that include documents, research papers, and magazines. We have done our evaluations on publicly available UNLV dataset where it beats Tesseract's state of the art table detection system by a significant margin.
Dopamine receptor pharmacology. (1993)

Although antipsychotic drugs originally helped to discover dopamine receptors, the five dopamine receptors presently identified and cloned are facilitating the search for and discovery of more selective antipsychotic and antiparkinson drugs. The D1-like dopamine receptors, D1 and D5, are sensitive to the same drugs as the D1 receptor in native tissues, but D5 is about 10 times more sensitive to dopamine than D1. The D2-like receptors, D2, D3, and D4, have approximately similar sensitivities to dopamine, but bromocriptine and raclopride are both about two orders of magnitude weaker at D4, whereas clozapine is one order more potent at D4, as compared with D2 and D3. The human dopamine D4 receptor has many variants. The sensitivities to clozapine of human variants D4.2, D4.4, and D4.7 are approximately similar, with dissociation constants between 5 and 24 nM, matching the spinal fluid concentration of clozapine under therapeutic conditions. Thus antipsychotic action may be effected through blockade of either dopamine D2 or D4 receptors.
Ternary Hybrid Neural-Tree Networks for Highly Constrained IoT Applications (2019)

Machine learning-based applications are increasingly prevalent in IoT devices. The power and storage constraints of these devices make it particularly challenging to run modern neural networks, limiting the number of new applications that can be deployed on an IoT system. A number of compression techniques have been proposed, each with its own trade-offs. We propose a hybrid network which combines the strengths of current neural- and tree-based learning techniques in conjunction with ternary quantization, and show a detailed analysis of the associated model design space. Using this hybrid model we obtained a 11.1% reduction in the number of computations, a 52.2% reduction in the model size, and a 30.6% reduction in the overall memory footprint over a state-of-the-art keyword-spotting neural network, with negligible loss in accuracy.
Production of a high‐functionality RBD palm kernel oil‐based polyester polyol (2001)

Abstract A diol‐based refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) palm kernel oil polyol was prepared. It was found that the polyurethane foam produced only gives a good compressive strength property at a 45 kg/m 3 molded density. The combination of sorbitol into the polyol system resulted in a better dimensional stability and improved thermal conductivity as well as enhanced compressive strength. These were obtained by increasing the functionality of the polyol (functionality of 4.5) through introduction of a high molecular weight and branching polyhidric compound. Direct polycondensation and transesterification methods were used for the syntheses. The hydroxyl value, TLC, and FTIR were used to study the completion of the reaction. A comparative study of the mechanical properties and morphological behavior was carried out with a diol‐based polyol. From the water‐blown molded foam (zero ODP) with a density of about 44.2 kg/m 3 and a closed‐cell content of 93%, a compressive strength of 222 kPa and a dimensional stability of 0.09, 0.10, and 0.12% at the length, width, and thickness of the foam, respectively, conditioned at −15°C for 24 h, were obtained. The thermal conductivity improved to an initial value of 0.00198 W/mK, tested at 0°C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 384–389, 2001