gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Too many Ph.D.s? (1993)

A colleague recently complained to me of his difficulties in attracting good graduate students. He had unfilled assistantships and was concerned about maintaining his research program. Such complaints are not uncommon. Many Earth scientists have expressed concern that the shortage of “new blood” may compromise the future vitality of the field.
In Situ AFM Measurements of the Expansion and Contraction of Amorphous Sn-Co-C Films Reacting with Lithium (2007)

In situ atomic force microscopy measurements of patterned amorphous sputtered films reacting with Li in an electrochemical cell have been made. Prismatic-shaped patches of were found to undergo reversible volume expansion of without fracture. The was found to have a reversible specific capacity of when cycled vs a Li metal negative electrode.
Electrofusion Welding of Cross-Linked Polyethylene Pipes (1997)

Fatigue and squeeze tests have been undertaken to investigate if electro-fusion couplers can be used to joint cross-linked polyethylene pipes. Two types of polyethylene pipes, each with 63 mm outside diameter and 5.8 mm wall thickness, are irradiated to various doses (5–200 kGy) and are joined by electrofusion method. According to experimental results, the gel content varies with dose. All joints have passed the sgeeze test, regardless of the gel content of the pipes radiation. All joints have also passed 170 h of fatigue loading which is an indication of a reasonable joint strength. The results with cross-linked PE pipe further indicate the flexibility bf electrofusion jointing, showing again that the process is able to joint a very wide range of polyethylene resins. Electrofusion welding necessitates only a few manual actions from the operator. However, it is essential that these are carried out carefully. The key to success is the joints preparation.
Notizen: Neutronenbeugungsuntersuchungen an den Phasen LiAlSi und LiAlGe. / Investigations on Neutron Diffraction of the Phases LiAlSi and LiAlGe (1976)

By neutron diffraction we found a decision on the distribution of the Al-Si(Ge)-atoms and the location of the lithium-atoms in the structures of the compounds LiAlSi and LiAlGe
Posttranslational Processing of Human alpha2-HS Glycoprotein (Human Fetuin). Evidence for the Production of a Phosphorylated Single-Chain Form by Hepatoma Cells (1994)

alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (alpha 2-HS) is a major protein occurring in human blood and calciferous tissues. Due to extensive sequence identity, alpha 2-HS has been grouped with the fetuins, a family of proteins that occur in fetal plasma in high concentrations. Native alpha 2-HS undergoes a series of posttranslational modifications including proteolytic processing, multiple N-glycosylations and O-glycosylations, and sulfation of the carbohydrate side chains. Various two-chain forms of alpha 2-HS have been prepared from human plasma, however, the single-chain precursor has not yet been isolated. Here, we have studied the biosynthesis of alpha 2-HS by a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. We demonstrate that a single-chain form and the two-chain form of alpha 2-HS are secreted by this cell line. The alpha 2-HS forms are further modified by phosphorylation on multiple serine residues. Mapping studies indicate that the connecting peptide region releasable from the heavy chain of alpha 2-HS contains at least one such phosphorylation site. Our results identify proteolytic trimming and/or phosphorylation as modifications possibly regulating the biological effects of alpha 2-HS and the homologous fetuins.
Cascade Reaction of Isatins with Heterocyclic Ketene Aminals: Synthesis of Imidazopyrroloquinoline Derivatives (2011)

A concise and efficient route for the synthesis of highly substituted imidazopyrroloquinoline derivatives by simply refluxing a reaction mixture of different types of isatins and heterocyclic ketene aminals (HKAs) by acetic acid was developed. This method is suitable for combinatorial and parallel syntheses in drug discovery; consequently, a library of highly substituted imidazopyrroloquinoline derivatives was rapidly constructed using the present protocol.
Brief Report: Oxidative Stress Mediates Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in a Human Model of Danon Disease and Heart Failure (2015)

Danon disease is a familial cardiomyopathy associated with impaired autophagy due to mutations in the gene encoding lysosomal-associated membrane protein type 2 (LAMP-2). Emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of autophagy in regulating cardiomyocyte bioenergetics, function, and survival. However, the mechanisms responsible for cellular dysfunction and death in cardiomyocytes with impaired autophagic flux remain unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for Danon disease, we created induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from two patients with different LAMP-2 mutations. Danon iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) exhibited impaired autophagic flux and key features of heart failure such as increased cell size, increased expression of natriuretic peptides, and abnormal calcium handling compared to control iPSC-CMs. Additionally, Danon iPSC-CMs demonstrated excessive amounts of mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis. Using the sulfhydryl antioxidant N-acetylcysteine to scavenge free radicals resulted in a significant reduction in apoptotic cell death in Danon iPSC-CMs. In summary, we have modeled Danon disease using human iPSC-CMs from patients with mutations in LAMP-2, allowing us to gain mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of this disease. We demonstrate that LAMP-2 deficiency leads to an impairment in autophagic flux, which results in excessive oxidative stress, and subsequent cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Scavenging excessive free radicals with antioxidants may be beneficial for patients with Danon disease. In vivo studies will be necessary to validate this new treatment strategy.
Cholest-5-ene-3β,26-diol: Synthesis and biomedical use of a deuterated compound (1982)

To further studies of the metabolism of 26-hydroxycholesterol in fetal and neonatal life, a deuterated compound was prepared from kryptogenin by Clemmensen reduction. The spectra of the deuterated 26-hydroxycholesterol showed that five to nine deuterium atoms were incorporated per 26-hydroxycholesterol molecule, with the maximum incorporation of eight deuterium atoms. The deuterated compound was recovered unchanged from the feces of a child following oral administration. Comparison of the ratio of deuterated to protium compound indicated the presence of an endogenous pool of 26-hydroxycholesterol. Parenteral administration of the compound to a hamster indicated metabolism to deuterated chenodeoxycholic acid. The compound is useful as an isotope tracer for studies of the endogenous metabolism of 26-hydroxycholesterol.
Methylation Analysis of the <i>FAM19A4</i> Gene in Cervical Scrapes Is Highly Efficient in Detecting Cervical Carcinomas and Advanced CIN2/3 Lesions (2014)

Primary testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical screening requires triage to differentiate women with transient infection from those with persistent infection who require more intensive management given their risk for cervical (pre)cancer. In this study, the clinical performance of a novel methylation marker FAM19A4 for the triage of high-risk (hr)HPV-positive women was evaluated. Using a training-validation set approach, we analyzed a FAM19A4 quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). The training set comprised hrHPV-positive cervical scrapes of 43 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) and 135 women with ≤CIN1. The validation set comprised hrHPV-positive cervical scrapes of 52 women with CIN2+, including 33 CIN3+, 19 CIN2, and 166 women with ≤CIN1. The methylation threshold of FAM19A4 qMSP that gave rise to CIN3+ specificity of 70% in the training set was applied in the validation set. This resulted in CIN3+ sensitivity of 75.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 61.1-90.4] at 67.0% (95% CI, 60.3-73.8) specificity. Next, the validated qMSP was applied to an independent series of hrHPV-positive cervical scrapes of 22 women with cervical cancer, 29 with advanced CIN2/3 [i.e., women with a known preceding hrHPV infection (PHI) lasting ≥5 years as proxy of longer duration of lesion existence], and 19 with early CIN2/3 (i.e., PHI <5 years). All carcinomas (22/22) and advanced CIN2/3 lesions (29/29) were FAM19A4 methylation-positive, compared with 42.1% (8/19; 95% CI, 19.9-64.3) of early CIN2/3 lesions. In conclusion, FAM19A4 is an attractive triage marker for hrHPV-positive women, with a high reassurance for the detection of cervical carcinoma and advanced CIN2/3 lesions.
Developing nutrient profile models: a systematic approach (2007)

Abstract Objective Nutrient profiling can be defined as the ‘the science of categorising foods according to their nutritional composition’. The purpose of the present paper is to describe a systematic and logical approach to nutrient profiling. Design A seven-stage decision-making process is proposed and, as an illustration of how the approach might operate in practice, the development of a nutrient profiling model for the purpose of highlighting breakfast cereals that are ‘high in fat, sugar or salt’ is described. Results The nutrient profile model developed for this paper calculates scores for foods using a simple equation. It enables breakfast cereals to be compared with each other and with other foods eaten at breakfast. Conclusion Nutrient profiling is not new, but hitherto most nutrient profiling models have been developed in an unsystematic and illogical fashion. Different nutrient profiling models are needed for different purposes but a key requirement should be that they are developed using a systematic, transparent and logical process. This paper provides an example of such a process; approaches to validating nutrient profiling models are described elsewhere.
Complement proteins C5b-9 stimulate procoagulant activity through platelet prothrombinase (1986)

The capacity of platelets treated with nonlytic concentrations of the C5b-9 proteins to catalyze prothrombin activation and thereby trigger clot formation has been investigated. When suspended in the presence of exogenous factors Xa and Va, gel-filtered platelets treated with purified C5b-9 proteins catalyzed prothrombin to thrombin conversion at rates up to tenfold above controls, and exceeded by up to fourfold the prothrombinase activity observed for thrombin-stimulated platelets. In the absence of added factor Va, C5b-9 assembly on the platelet surface significantly shortened the lag period before prothrombinase expression that was observed for untreated platelets and increased the maximum catalytic rate of thrombin formation. A comparison with other platelet stimuli revealed that the C5b-9-induced activation of platelet prothrombinase closely paralleled the effects mediated by calcium ionophore A23187. Our data suggest that the C5b-9 proteins promote the release of platelet factor V and the assembly of the prothrombinase complex, thereby potentiating the effects of thrombin on the activation of prothrombinase. Membrane assembly of the C5b-9 proteins was also observed to markedly accelerate the rate of platelet-catalyzed plasma clotting, suggesting a direct link between C5b-9-mediated prothrombinase activation and procoagulant activity accompanying immunologic damage to the platelet.
[Role of testosterone propionate and insulin in the regeneration and growth of bone]. (1990)

In order to clarify the effects of androgens and insulin (Ins) on the growth and regeneration of bone in growing rats, and to examine the interaction of the two hormones on the bone growth and regeneration, I carried out both in vivo and in vitro experiments using male rats and clonal osteoblastic cells, respectively. In vivo: 1) Three week-old male rats were castrated, and one week after the castration two holes were drilled into their calvariae, followed by subcutaneous administration of 2 mg/kg of testosterone propionate (TP) and/or 20 mg/kg of cyproterone acetate (CPA). After the daily administration of the drugs for two weeks, the calvariae containing wound holes were isolated, and a soft X-ray photograph was taken. The area of the hole in the X-ray film was measured. The calcium (Ca) and the hydroxyproline (HP) contents and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity in the wound and non-wound portions of the calvariae were also determined. 2) Streptozotocin (STZ, 80 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to immature male rats (25-day-old); and three days after the administration, wound holes were made in their calvariae. Ins (10 units/kg) and/or TP (2 mg/kg) were/was administered daily for two weeks starting two weeks after the operation. The length and weight of the femur, and the area of the hole of the calvariae seen in a soft X-ray photograph were measured. The Ca and HP contents in the wound portion, and serum Ca and phosphate (P) levels and ALPase activity were also determined. In vitro: Mouse clonal osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) were incubated in alpha-MEM mudium containing 10% FBS or 0.1% BSA with or without 10(-9)-10(-6) M TP and/or 10(-9)-10(-6) M Ins, the number of cells was counted, and [3H] thymidine incorporation into the cells was assayed for assessment of DNA synthesis. ALPase activity of the cells was also assayed. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The reduction in the wound-hole area was significantly delayed after the castration and was accelerated by TP. This effect of TP was inhibited about 60% by the simultaneous administration of CPA, though this inhibition was not statistically significant. 2. The reduction in HP content of the wound portion by castration was inhibited by TP, and this effect was antagonized by CPA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Does Platelet-Rich Plasma Freeze-Thawing Influence Growth Factor Release and Their Effects on Chondrocytes and Synoviocytes? (2014)

PRP cryopreservation remains a controversial point. Our purpose was to investigate the effect of freezing/thawing on PRP molecule release, and its effects on the metabolism of chondrocytes and synoviocytes. PRP was prepared from 10 volunteers, and a half volume underwent one freezing/thawing cycle. IL-1β, HGF, PDGF AB/BB, TGF-β1, and VEGF were assayed 1 hour and 7 days after activation. Culture media of chondrocytes and synoviocytes were supplemented with fresh or frozen PRP, and, at 7 days, proliferation, gene expression, and secreted proteins levels were evaluated. Results showed that in the freeze-thawed PRP the immediate and delayed molecule releases were similar or slightly lower than those in fresh PRP. TGF-β1 and PDGF AB/BB concentrations were significantly reduced after freezing both at 1 hour and at 7 days, whereas HGF concentration was significantly lower in frozen PRP at 7 days. In fresh PRP IL-1β and HGF concentrations underwent a significant further increase after 7 days. Similar gene expression was found in chondrocytes cultured with both PRPs, whereas in synoviocytes HGF gene expression was higher in frozen PRP. PRP cryopreservation is a safe procedure, which sufficiently preserves PRP quality and its ability to induce proliferation and the production of ECM components in chondrocytes and synoviocytes.
Hair keratin pattern in human hair follicles grown <i>in vitro</i> (2003)

The keratin family includes epithelial (soft) keratins and hair (hard) keratins, and can be divided into acidic type I and basic to neutral type II subfamilies. Recently, nine type I and six type II hair keratin genes have been characterized through the screening of a human PAC library. The expression of these genes in the hair follicle was determined in vivo and a combined catalog of acidic and basic hair keratins was established. In this study, we investigated the expression and localization of most of the human hair keratin members of both types in human hair grown in vitro. We show that in vitro growth of hair follicles for 10 days in complete William's E culture medium did not alter the expression pattern of hair keratins. Similarly to the in vivo situation, each hair keratin was localized in precise and discrete compartments of the follicle, ranging from the matrix to the upper cortex and/or the hair cuticle. This study shows that the increase in length of in vitro grown follicles was accompanied by the proper hair shaft keratinization process. It also shows that hair follicle integrity was maintained in vitro, both in terms of gross morphology and molecular organization despite the complexity of the keratin expression pattern.
Differential effects of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta on synthesis of Mr = 35,000 surfactant-associated protein in fetal lung. (1987)

Differentiation of pulmonary Type II epithelial cells in late gestation is associated with the synthesis of pulmonary surfactant required for adaptation to air breathing at birth. In the present work, induction of synthesis of a Type II epithelial cell protein, surfactant-associated glycoprotein of Mr = 35,000 (SAP-35) was studied in human fetal lung tissue obtained at 15-24 weeks of gestation. SAP-35 content increased during organ culture in the absence of exogenous hormones. Epidermal growth factor or triiodothyronine stimulated the induction of SAP-35 synthesis during culture. Stimulation by epidermal growth factor (EGF) was detected as early as 2 days and persisted for up to 5 days in culture. Response to EGF was dose-dependent (0.01-10 ng/ml) and was associated with enhanced incorporation of [35S]methionine into immunoprecipitable SAP-35. Increased SAP-35 synthesis was associated with increased SAP-35 RNA as assessed by Northern blot and hybridization assays with human SAP-35 cDNA. Effects of EGF were comparable to the induction of SAP-35 synthesis by 8-bromo-cAMP. In contrast to the stimulatory effect of EGF and triiodothyronine, SAP-35 content was inhibited by transforming growth factor-beta. Both the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of these agents on SAP-35 content were associated with concomitant changes in SAP-35 synthesis. These findings demonstrate multihormonal control of SAP-35 expression and strongly implicate both EGF and transforming growth factor-beta in the regulation of surfactant apoprotein synthesis.
Delay Tolerant Networking Technology — The Latest Trends and Prospects (2011)

インターネットは世界を結ぶ情報社会の基盤となっている．しかし，その基礎となるTCP/IP（Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol）技術の設計の中では，極端に長い通信遅延時間，頻繁なパケット損，間欠的な通信リンクの出現，などが発生する通信環境は想定されておらず，情報通信を必要とする環境の著しい多様化に対応するためには拡張が必要である．惑星間インターネットを起源に持つ，遅延耐性ネットワーク（DTN：Delay, Disruption, Disconnection Tolerant Networking）と呼ばれる技術領域は，従来のTCP/IP 技術では対応できなかった状況においてもエンドツーエンドの情報伝達を実現する枠組みとして誕生した．本論文では，従来技術をある程度知っている読者を想定し，近年研究が活発化しているDTN 技術に関して概説を与える．DTN 技術を時間的・空間的不連続性の下で非実時間通信を効率的に行うための中継技術として捉え，その基本技術である蓄積形及び蓄積運搬形転送に焦点を当て，標準的なアーキテクチャや，中継経路の制御手法及び中継データの符号化手法についての技術動向を概観する．蓄積（運搬）形転送は，従来のTCP/IP 技術の制約を超える新世代ネットワーク技術として進展が期待できる．
Malignant Extra Renal Rhabdoid Tumour Presenting as Central Airway Obstruction (2014)

Rhabdoid tumours are one of the most aggressive childhood neoplasms associated with high mortality. The commonest age group affected is children less than five years of age. Rhabdoid tumour presenting as an endoluminal tracheal mass leading to central airway obstruction has not been previously reported. We describe the case of a 17-year-old male patient where malignant rhabdoid tumour masqueraded as bronchial asthma leading to a delayed diagnosis of upper airway obstruction by tracheal growth. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of malignant rhabdoid tumour.
Alzheimer Aβ Vaccination of Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) (2004)

Recent preliminary data suggest that vaccination with Alzheimer A beta might reduce senile plaque load and stabilize cognitive decline in human Alzheimer disease. To examine the mechanisms and consequences of anti-A beta-antibody formation in a species more closely related to humans, rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were vaccinated with aggregated A beta 1-42. Immunized monkeys developed anti-A beta titers exceeding 1:1000, and their plasma A beta levels were 5- to 10-fold higher than the plasma A beta levels observed in monkeys vaccinated with aggregated amylin. These data support the use of nonhuman primates to model certain phenomena associated with vaccination of humans with aggregated Alzheimer A beta.
Quaternion Knowledge Graph Embeddings (2019)

In this work, we move beyond the traditional complex-valued representations, introducing more expressive hypercomplex representations to model entities and relations for knowledge graph embeddings. More specifically, quaternion embeddings, hypercomplex-valued embeddings with three imaginary components, are utilized to represent entities. Relations are modelled as rotations in the quaternion space. The advantages of the proposed approach are: (1) Latent inter-dependencies (between all components) are aptly captured with Hamilton product, encouraging a more compact interaction between entities and relations; (2) Quaternions enable expressive rotation in four-dimensional space and have more degree of freedom than rotation in complex plane; (3) The proposed framework is a generalization of ComplEx on hypercomplex space while offering better geometrical interpretations, concurrently satisfying the key desiderata of relational representation learning (i.e., modeling symmetry, anti-symmetry and inversion). Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on four well-established knowledge graph completion benchmarks.
An anion current at the plasma membrane of tobacco protoplasts shows ATP‐dependent voltage regulation and is modulated by auxin (1994)

Summary Plasma membrane ion channels of protoplasts from tobacco cell suspensions were characterized by patch‐clamp experiments. In the whole‐cell configuration, a voltage‐dependent current with a current maximum around −90 mV was observed that displayed a reversal potential close to the Nernst potential for chloride. This whole‐cell current was identified as an anion current by replacing the internal Cl − with glutamate. The t obacco s uspension a nion c hannel (TSAC) was characterized by fast activation/deactivation and slow inactivation kinetics with voltage‐dependent time constants in the range of milliseconds and seconds, respectively. Among the plant channels, TSAC exhibits original properties in terms of phosphorylation‐dependent voltage regulation while sharing similarities with the fast anion channel from stomatal guard cells (GCAC1). The voltage dependence of the whole‐cell current reflecting the fast deactivation of the current at potentials of less than −100 mV was observed only in the presence of internal ATP or when ATP was replaced by the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid, and was suppressed by staurosporine. This suggests that protein phosphorylation may be involved in regulating the activity of the anion channel. As observed on GCAC1 the active auxin 1‐NAA caused a time‐ and concentration‐dependent shift of the activation potential of TSAC. In addition, TSAC reacted to the auxin agonist antibody D16 providing evidence for the recognition of the auxin signal at the outer face of the plasma membrane.
Elastic Stresses in Single Mitred Bends (1963)

Experimental results are presented for the stresses caused by internal pressure in thin pipes which are mitred and welded together to form a single mitred bend without any type of elliptical insert at the intersection. The frozen-stress photoelastic technique is used, the models being carefully machined and cemented to form a joint free from welding imperfections. The results are compared with the theoretical analysis for small-angle mitred bends, of Green and Emmerson (I)†. An alternative derivation of this theory is given in Appendix I. Good agreement with the theory is shown for small-angle bends for each of the two thicknesses of pipe used. For larger angles of bend, the agreement is less good. The results of a test carried out on a mitred joint subjected to an in-plane bending moment, are included.