gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiological studies on the growth and utilization of sugars by <i>Listeria</i> species (1989)

Experiments, relevant to growth in milk, were done to delineate the aerobic and anaerobic growth of Listeria species on selected sugars in several media. All species grew on glucose aerobically, forming lactic acid and (or) acetic acid. Anaerobically, only lactic acid was formed; cell yields were 80% of those obtained aerobically. When incubated aerobically, small amounts (1.5 microns/mL) of isovaleric acid, 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid, and trace amounts of isobutyric acid were formed. These products were characteristically formed by 26 strains representing all the species of Listeria. Added leucine stimulated isovaleric acid formation. Anaerobic fermentations of glucose could be followed by 60 to 80% cell lysis; less lysis occurred in air. Anaerobically, only hexoses and pentoses supported growth; aerobically, maltose and lactose supported growth of some strains, but sucrose did not support growth of any strain tested. Listeria grayi and Listeria murrayi utilized the galactose and glucose moieties of lactose for growth; Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua used only the glucose moiety. Glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine supported aerobic and anaerobic growth as well as glucose, and their presence stimulated the utilization of lactose by "lactose-negative" strains. Analyses of cultures grown at 5 degrees C in sterile milk treated with glucose oxidase supported the conclusion that the glucose of the milk was the major, if not the limiting, substrate that supported growth.
Microneedle biosensors for real-time, minimally invasive drug monitoring of phenoxymethylpenicillin: a first-in-human evaluation in healthy volunteers (2019)

National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Mérieux Foundation.
Staircase Codes: FEC for 100 Gb/s OTN (2011)

Staircase codes, a new class of forward-error-correction (FEC) codes suitable for high-speed optical communications, are introduced. An ITU-T G.709-compatible staircase code with rate R = 239/255 is proposed, and field-programmable-gate-array-based simulation results are presented, exhibiting a net coding gain of 9.41 dB at an output error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> , an improvement of 0.42 dB relative to the best code from the ITU-T G.975.1 recommendation. An error floor analysis technique is presented, and the proposed code is shown to have an error floor at 4.0 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-21</sup> .
Introduction to Recent Advances in 3D-MIMO Techniques and Standardizations (2015)

3-Dimensional Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (3D-MIMO) is an advanced multi-antenna technology that has recently been extensively considered for adoption in 5G cellular communications standard. As compared to the conventional downlink MIMO transmission, the base stations equipped with two-dimensional rectangular antenna array is capable of steering the signal in both horizontal and vertical domain, making the beam direction more precise. This not only increases the received signal strength effectively at the targeted receiver, but also reduces the interference to the other receiving nodes in vicinity. This article aims to introduce the basic concept and recent developments of 3D-MIMO, as well as the challenges of adopting this new technology in 3GPP standard.
CO<sub>2</sub> Capture by Means of an Enzyme‐Based Reactor (2003)

We report a means for efficient and selective extraction of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) at low to medium concentration from mixed gas streams. CO(2) capture was accomplished by use of a novel enzyme-based, facilitated transport contained liquid membrane (EBCLM) reactor. The parametric studies we report explore both structural and operational parameters of this design. The structural parameters include carbonic anhydrase (CA) concentration, buffer concentration and pH, and liquid membrane thickness. The operational parameters are temperature, humidity of the inlet gas stream, and CO(2) concentration in the feed stream. The data show that this system effectively captures CO(2) over the range 400 ppm to at least 100,000 ppm, at or around ambient temperature and pressure. In a single pass across this homogeneous catalyst design, given a feed of 0.1% CO(2), the selectivity of CO(2) versus N(2) is 1,090 : 1 and CO(2) versus O(2) is 790 :1. CO(2) permeance is 4.71 x 10(-8) molm(-2) Pa(-1) sec(-1). The CLM design results in a system that is very stable even in the presence of dry feed and sweep gases.
Analysis of common‐mode effects in a dual‐polarized planar connected‐array antenna (2008)

An analysis is presented of the efficiency of a dual‐polarized planar connected‐array antenna, with particular reference to possible use in wideband focal‐plane‐array applications. The modeling approach is described, and the results of different numerical techniques are compared. The analysis includes the effects of transmission lines used to load the array at a groundplane. Different types of loading are compared including optimum single‐ended loading and optimum differential‐mode loading with short‐circuit and open‐circuit common‐mode terminations. The results indicate that high efficiency over useful bandwidths should be possible. In the case of differential‐mode loading, the efficiency may be reduced at certain frequencies due to resonances of common‐mode currents on the transmission lines. The current distributions on the array are analysed, and observations are made which may be useful for modified designs.
An n-gram-based statistical machine translation decoder (2005)

In this paper we describe MARIE, an Ngram-based statistical machine translation decoder. It is implemented using a beam search strategy, with distortion (or reordering) capabilities. The underlying translation model is based on an Ngram approach, extended to introduce reordering at the phrase level. The search graph structure is designed to perform very accurate comparisons, what allows for a high level of pruning, improving the decoder efficiency. We report several techniques for efficiently prune out the search space. The combinatory explosion of the search space derived from the search graph structure is reduced by limiting the number of reorderings a given translation is allowed to perform, and also the maximum distance a word (or a phrase) is allowed to be reordered. We finally report translation accuracy results on three different translation tasks.
Biodegradable vs non-biodegradable antibiotic delivery devices in the treatment of osteomyelitis (2013)

Antibiotic treatment of osteomyelitis with the current degradable and non-degradable delivery devices is effective in the majority of cases. Degradable carriers have an advantage over non-degradable carriers that they do not require surgical removal. Synthetic poly(trimethylene carbonate) may be preferred in the future over currently approved lactic/glycolic acids, because it does not yield acidic degradation products. Moreover, degradable poly(trimethylene carbonate) yields a zero-order release kinetics that may not stimulate development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to the absence of long-term, low-concentration tail-release.
Acceleration Errors in Astro-navigation (1956)

Squadron Leader Bower gives some data regarding the accuracy of astronomical navigation in high-speed aircraft. No attempt was made to assess the absolute accuracy of astro-navigation, but the distance, when plotted on the chart, between pairs of sights taken on the same star was measured, with the following results. The average spread between beam shots is consistently greater than that between fore and aft shots, and it is possible that acceleration errors, which can be sizable for high-speed aircraft, are responsible for this. Errors Due To Aircraft Accelerations. Errors due to the combined effect of the aircraft's movement and the Earth's rotation give rise to errors in the position line.
Association between initial prescribed minute ventilation and post-resuscitation partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide in patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome (2014)

We found initial prescribed MV had only a weak correlation with subsequent PaCO2 and that early Normocapnia was associated with good neurological outcome. These data provide rationale for future research to determine the impact of PaCO2 management during mechanical ventilation in post-cardiac arrest patients.
Geomagnetic disturbance effects on power systems (1993)

The trends in interconnected power systems and the equipment to transmit and control power flows and system voltage profiles have made power systems more susceptible to geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs). A summary is presented of the state of knowledge and research activity to the present time on GMD/geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) phenomena, transformer effects, the impact on generators, protective relay effects, and communication system effects. Other topics addressed include modeling and predicting GIC, measuring and monitoring GIC, mitigation methods, system operating guidelines during GMDs and alerting and forecasting procedures and needs for the power industry.<<ETX>>
Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of nanostructured bismuth telluride alloys (2012)

The Bi and the Te nano-powders are prepared by inert gas protected evaporation-condensation method; the n-type Bi2Te3 bulk materials with nano-layer and twin crystallite sub-structures are then synthesized by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering technique. The effects of grain size and microstructure on thermoelectric property are also systematically studied. The SEM and the TEM analyseis show that the nano-layered Bi2Te3 bulk materials with twin crystallite sub-structures could be fabricated by controlling the preparing procedures. The thermoelectric property result shows that the thermal conductivity is lowered compared with that of bulk material of coarse-grained starting powders. The thermal conductivity decreases from 1.80 W/mK to 1.19 W/mK at 423 K, the lattice thermal conductivity decreases from 1.16 W/mK to 0.61 W/mK at 423 K, indicating that the phonon scattering could be enhanced due to the coexistence of nano-layer and twin crystallite sub-structures, leading to reduced phonon thermal conductivity. The dimensionless figure of merit ZT reaches 0.74 at 423 K for bulk materials sintered at 693 K.
Use of fibrin film as a carrier for drug delivery: in vitro drug permeabilities of fibrin film. (1980)

Fibrin film prepared from human plasma was evaluated as a new biodegradable carrier for drug delivery. Two steroidal compounds, prednisolone and prednisone, were used in this evaluation. The drug permeability of the fibrin film and the release characteristics of the drug/fibrin film system were investigated using in vitro test models. The high permeability of the fibrin film to drugs suggests that it may be available as a unique vehicle for drug delivery. The possible use of fibrin film in the control of drug release is also discussed.
Entwicklung von Tyrosinkinase‐Inhibitoren bei hämatologischen Neoplasien. FLT3 und JAK2 als therapeutische <i>Targets</i> (2008)

Abstract Tyrosinkinase‐Inhibitoren stellen einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung und Verbesserung der Therapie von hämatologischen Neoplasien dar. Zahlreiche Inhibitoren befinden sich bereits in fortgeschrittener klinischer Testung. Während bei einem Teil der Erkrankungen (CML) die Inhibitor‐Therapie bereits als Standard etabliert ist, befinden sich die “ small molecules ” bei Akuter Myeloischer Leukämie und chronisch‐myeloproliferativen Syndromen noch in der Etablierungsphase. Die Entwicklung von neuen zielgerichteten Substanzen zählt zu den großen präklinischen und klinischen Herausforderungen der nächsten Jahre.
Signature Channels of Excitability no More: L-Type Channels in Immune Cells (2015)

Although the concept of Ca(2+) as a universal messenger is well established, it was assumed that the regulatory mechanisms of Ca(2+)-signaling were divided along the line of electric excitability. Recent advances in molecular biology and genomics have, however, provided evidence that non-excitable cells such as immunocytes also express a wide and diverse pool of ion channels that does not differ as significantly from that of excitable cells as originally assumed. Ion channels and transporters are involved in virtually all aspects of immune response regulation, from cell differentiation and development to activation, and effector functions such as migration, antibody-secretion, phagosomal maturation, or vesicular delivery of bactericidal agents. This comprises TRP channel family members, voltage- and Ca(2+)-gated K(+)- and Na(+)-channels, as well as unexpectedly, components of the CaV1-subfamily of voltage-gated L-type Ca(2+)-channels, originally thought to be signature molecules of excitability. This article provides an overview of recent observations made in the field of CaV1 L-type channel function in the immune context, as well as presents results we obtained studying these channels in B-lymphocytes.
Nanoporous Polyporphyrin as Adsorbent for Hydrogen Storage (2010)

Novel polyporphyrins with high surface area over 1500 m2/g have been synthesized, and their hydrogen absorption capacities were measured. Porphyrin functionalized with thiophenyl groups was designed as starting monomer; the porphyrin cores offer coordination sites for metal ions which could potentially enhance the interaction with hydrogen for favorable hydrogen storage while the thiophenyl groups are used for cross-linking the monomers under oxidative coupling conditions to yield highly porous networks. These polyporphyrins adsorb up to 5.0 mass % H2 at 77 K and 65 bar. Compared with metal free polymer, iron(II)-containing polymer shows finite increase in heat of adsorption for hydrogen, suggesting a promising approach for designing high heat of adsorption porous materials.
Anti - GNRH Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies are Long Acting Analogs of GNRH (2016)

Monoclonal antibodies were generated against a synthetic peptide corresponding to N1-29 sequence located in the extracellular domain of human GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) receptor. Among the fourteen established monoclonal antibodies GHR103 and GHR106 were shown to have the highest affinity (Kd2 x10 -9 M) to the synthetic peptide as well as to the native GnRH receptor in cancer cell extract. Through immunoglobulin gene analysis, both GHR103 and GHR106 were shown to have identical DNA sequences in both heavy and light chains of IgG1 subclass.
Highly Efficient Energy Transfer in Subphthalocyanine−BODIPY Conjugates (2008)

Two novel subphthalocyanines substituted axially with a BODIPY or distyryl BODIPY moiety have been synthesized. Both systems exhibit a highly efficient photoinduced energy transfer process, either from the excited BODIPY to the subphthalocyanine core (for the former) or from the excited subphthalocyanine to the distyryl BODIPY unit (for the latter).
Determination of HER2 status using both serum HER2 levels and circulating tumor cells in patients with recurrent breast cancer whose primary tumor was HER2 negative or of unknown HER2 status (2007)

A subgroup of patients with initially negative or unknown HER2 status can have elevated serum HER2 levels and/or HER2-positive CTCs at the time of development of metastatic disease. Although only a small number of patients were studied, our observations are of clinical relevance because, currently, these patients do not have access to HER2-targeted therapy.
An 86 mW 98GOPS ANN-Searching Processor for Full-HD 30 fps Video Object Recognition With Zeroless Locality-Sensitive Hashing (2013)

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) searching is an essential task in object recognition. The ANN-searching stage, however, is the main bottleneck in the object recognition process due to increasing database size and massive dimensions of keypoint descriptors. In this paper, a high throughput ANN-searching processor is proposed for high-resolution (full-HD) and real-time (30 fps) video object recognition. The proposed ANN-searching processor adopts an interframe cache architecture as a hardware-oriented approach and a zeroless locality-sensitive-hashing (zeroless-LSH) algorithm as a software-oriented approach to reduce the external memory bandwidth required in nearest neighbor searching. A four-way set associative on-chip cache has a dedicated architecture to exploit data correlation at the frame-level. Zeroless-LSH minimizes data transactions from external memory at the vector-level. The proposed ANN-searching processor is fabricated as part of an object recognition SoC using a 0.13 μm 6 metal CMOS technology. It achieves 62 720 vectors/s throughput and 1140 GOPS/W power efficiency, which are 1.45 and 1.37 times higher than the state-of-the-art, respectively, enabling real-time object recognition for full-HD 30 fps video streams.
High key exchange rate quantum key distribution in optical fibres (2005)

This paper presents a slide presentation on the high key exchange rate quantum key distribution in optical fibers. A point-to-point QKD system demonstrated up to 3.3 GHz clock rates with high bit transmission rates and a multi-user QKD system using standard telecomms 1×32 splitter at λ = 850 nm with high bit transmission rates are also presented. (10 pages)
Effect of glucocorticoids on the oxidative desaturation of fatty acids by rat liver microsomes. (1979)

The effect of glucocorticoids on the oxidative desaturation of fatty acids by liver microsomal preparations of rats has been studied. Hydrocortisone produced a significant decrease in the conversion of [1-14C]linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid and [1-14C]eicosa-8, 11, 14-trienoic acid to arachidonic acid. Triamcinolone and dexamethasaone were more active than hydrocortisone in depressing delta 6 and delta 5 fatty acid desaturating activity in liver microsomes. The glucocorticoids evoked a maximal response approximately 24 hr after admission. Palmitic acid conversion to palmitoleic acid showed no statistically significant changes by any of the glucocorticoids. The mechanism of action of glucocorticoids is apparently different from other hyperglycemic hormones that produce similar effects.
NMR Crystallography Comparative Studies of Chiral (1<i>R</i>,2<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>,5<i>R</i>)-3-Amino-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-2-ol and Its <i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonamide Derivative (2012)

The crystal structure of (1R,2S,3R,5R)-3-amino-6,6-dimethyl-2-hydroxybicyclo[3.1.1]heptane 1 was determined and it is presented in reference to the structure of (1R,2S,3R,5R)-3-(p-tosylamino)-6,6-dimethyl-2-hydroxybicyclo[3.1.1]heptane 2. 1H and 13C chemical shifts parameters for both structures and for whole unit cells were calculated by using the GIPAW (gauge including projector augmented waves) method. Theoretically calculated chemical shift tensor parameters were verified by 13C CP MAS, 2D PASS, and 13C–1H FSLG HETCOR results to obtain a full structural assignment for 13C and 1H resonances in the solid-state. PISEMA MAS experiment was performed to determine the molecular dynamics of aminoalcohol 1. The comparison of two structures, obtained after all-atom positions optimization after the GIPAW calculations, revealed small conformational differences consistent with the single-crystal X-ray diffaction results.
Induction of the Phase 2 Response in Mouse and Human Skin by Sulforaphane-containing Broccoli Sprout Extracts (2007)

The isothiocyanate sulforaphane was isolated from broccoli extracts in a bioactivity-guided fractionation as the principal and very potent inducer of cytoprotective phase 2 enzymes and subsequently shown to inhibit tumor development in animal models that involve various carcinogens and target organs. Because broccoli and broccoli sprouts are widely consumed, extracts obtained from them are viewed as convenient vehicles for sulforaphane delivery to humans. In relation to our current interest in devising strategies for protection against UV light-induced skin cancer, it was necessary to examine the safety and efficacy of topical application of sulforaphane-containing broccoli sprout extracts as single and multiple doses in both mice and humans. Topical application of an extract delivering 100 nmol sulforaphane/cm(2) increased the protein levels of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione S-transferase A1, and heme oxygenase 1, three representative phase 2 enzymes, in mouse skin epidermis. Quantitative assessment of the activity of NQO1 24 h after dosing showed increases of 1.5- and 2.7-fold after application of single and multiple (thrice, every 24 h) doses, respectively. A dose-escalation safety study in healthy human subjects revealed no adverse reactions when doses as high as 340 nmol of sulforaphane in the form of broccoli sprout extracts were applied topically to the center of a 1-cm-diameter circle drawn on the volar forearm. A subsequent efficacy study showed that despite the interindividual differences in basal levels, the enzyme activity of NQO1 in homogenates of 3-mm full thickness skin punch biopsies increased in a dose-dependent manner, with maximum increases of 1.5- and 4.5-fold after application of 150 nmol doses, once or three times (at 24 h-intervals), respectively, thus providing direct evidence for induction of the phase 2 response in humans.
Heterogeneous Phases Reaction Equilibrium in an Oxy-Thermal Carbide Furnace (2020)

This work focuses on revealing the chemical reaction equilibrium behaviors of gas–liquid–solid heterogeneous phases in an oxy-thermal carbide furnace. From a CaC2 formation mechanism investigation, it was determined that a one-step mechanism occurs when there is an excess of C and a high CO partial pressure, which inhibits the formation of Ca in the system, and a two-step mechanism occurs when there is insufficient C and a low CO partial pressure, which promotes the formation of Ca. Based on the calculated results of the equilibrium compositions at 100 kPa and different temperature conditions, the chemical reaction equilibrium behaviors of gas–liquid–solid heterogeneous phases in an oxy-thermal carbide furnace were analyzed at conditions of excess C and insufficient C.
Laser-Assisted Cleaning of Contaminated Surfaces (1995)

Cleaning a surface exposed to harsh or sensitive environments during manufacture or in the field constitutes an interesting challenge. The need arises in industries ranging from microelectronics (equipment), aerospace (space vehicles and aircraft), nuclear (utilities and weapons), and chemicals. In all these industries, maintainability and reliability are of critical importance.
Chemical and genetic evidence for the involvement of Wnt antagonist Dickkopf2 in regulation of glucose metabolism (2012)

Mutations in Wnt receptor LRP5/6 and polymorphism in Wnt-regulated transcription factor TCF7L2 are associated with dysregulation of glucose metabolism. However, it is not clear whether Wnt antagonist Dickkopf (Dkk) has a significant role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Here, we identified small-molecule inhibitors of Wnt antagonist Dkk through molecular modeling, computation-based virtual screens, and biological assays. One of the Dkk inhibitors reduced basal blood-glucose concentrations and improved glucose tolerance in mice. This Dkk inhibitor appeared to act through DKK2 because the inhibitor exerted no additional effects on glucose metabolism in the Dkk2(-/-) mice. Our study of Dkk2(-/-) mice showed that DKK2 deficiency was associated with increased hepatic glycogen accumulation and decreased hepatic glucose output. DKK2 deficiency did not cause in increase in insulin production but resulted in increased Wnt activity and GLP1 production in the intestines. Given that the Dkk inhibitor improved glucose tolerance in a murine model of type 2 diabetes (db/db), we suggest that DKK2 may be a potential therapeutic target for treating type 2 diabetes.