gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase III Study of Carboplatin and Paclitaxel Alone or With Sorafenib in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2010)

PURPOSE This phase III, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessed the efficacy and safety of sorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in chemotherapy-naïve patients with unresectable stage IIIB or IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Nine hundred twenty-six patients were randomly assigned to receive up to six 21-day cycles of carboplatin area under the curve 6 and paclitaxel 200 mg/m(2) (CP) on day 1, followed by either sorafenib 400 mg twice a day (n = 464, arm A) or placebo (n = 462, arm B) on days 2 to 19. The maintenance phase after CP consisted of sorafenib 400 mg or placebo twice a day. The primary end point was overall survival (OS); secondary end points included progression-free survival and tumor response. RESULTS Overall demographics were balanced between arms; 223 patients (24%) had squamous cell histology. On the basis of a planned interim analysis, median OS was 10.7 months in arm A and 10.6 months in arm B (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.15; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.41; P = .915). The study was terminated after the interim analysis concluded that the study was highly unlikely to meet its primary end point. A prespecified exploratory analysis revealed that patients with squamous cell histology had greater mortality in arm A than in arm B (HR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.81). Main grade 3 or 4 sorafenib-related toxicities included rash (8.4%), hand-foot skin reaction (7.8%), and diarrhea (3.5%). CONCLUSION No clinical benefit was observed from adding sorafenib to CP chemotherapy as first-line treatment for NSCLC.
Digital Broadcasting and Transmission Systems. An Innovative Solution for Achieving Media Convergence Using RTP Streaming in ARIB Framework. (2002)

Recently, media convergence and interoperability over multiple networks are becoming a determining factor for the success of new digital broadcasting and telecommunication services. In this paper, we present an original architecture framework providing a mean for seamless transport of RTP based streaming over both Internet and ISDB (ARIB) networks. This goal is achieved by using the independence of the RTP protocol from the transport layer, and by remarking that MPEG-2 Systems based ISDB provides a high-quality packet delivery scheme with the DSM-CC protocol. We propose to carry RTP/RTCP packets in DSM-CC messages, whereas an RTSP messages subset is being mapped onto ARIB DSM-CC event messages. The complete architecture is evaluated using a PC based simulator including a BML browser and a transport stream demultiplexer card.
응급센터에 내원한 HIV 감염자 (1997)

The author has reviewed 16 HIV infected individuals who visited emergency center. The results were as follows; 1. In view of sex, age distribution, and clinical state, most of the patients managed in emergency room were known HIV infected patients, and they were in progressed state to AIDS. 2. The symptom, and sign were nonspecific in most of the patients. 3. In view of sex, age distribution, course of infection, clinical state, and other foreign report, patients who visit emergency room have proportionaly high incidence of HIV infection to general population. Therefore, systemized effort is needed to detect, and manage them.
Thin-plate spline approximation for image registration (2002)

The point-based registration technique of F.L. Bookstein (1989) can be seen as an interpolation problem. With this technique an elastic transformation based on thin-plate splines is determined which maps the source and target landmarks exactly to each other. However, in real applications the positions of the landmarks can only be determined approximately. Therefore, in this case an interpolation scheme is inadequate and should be substituted by an approximation scheme to take into account the localization errors. In this paper, the authors describe an approach for extending Bookstein's method in this direction.
Synthesis of some 4-hydroxypiperazine and N.N.-dibenzylhydroxylamine esters with potential local anaesthetic activity. (1978)

In the synthetic approach to some new local anaesthetics, it was desirable to prepare esters of N1-methyl-N4-hydroxypiperazine and N.N-dibenzylhydroxylamine. Their local anaesthetic activity testing is in progress.
Reducing mitochondrial reads in ATAC-seq using CRISPR/Cas9 (2017)

ATAC-seq is a high-throughput sequencing technique that identifies open chromatin. Depending on the cell type, ATAC-seq samples may contain ~20-80% of mitochondrial sequencing reads. As the regions of open chromatin of interest are usually located in the nuclear genome, mitochondrial reads are typically discarded from the analysis. We tested two approaches to decrease wasted sequencing in ATAC-seq libraries generated from lymphoblastoid cell lines: targeted cleavage of mitochondrial DNA fragments using CRISPR technology and removal of detergent from the cell lysis buffer. We analyzed the effects of these treatments on the number of usable (unique, non-mitochondrial) reads and the number and quality of peaks called, including peaks identified in enhancers and transcription start sites. Both treatments resulted in considerable reduction of mitochondrial reads (1.7 and 3-fold, respectively). The removal of detergent, however, resulted in increased background and fewer peaks. The highest number of peaks and highest quality data was obtained by preparing samples with the original ATAC-seq protocol (using detergent) and treating them with CRISPR. This strategy reduced the amount of sequencing required to call a high number of peaks, which could lead to cost reduction when performing ATAC-seq on large numbers of samples and in cell types that contain a large amount of mitochondria.
Candidate Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Selection using Publicly Available Tools: A Guide for Epidemiologists (2006)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common form of human genetic variation, with millions present in the human genome. Because only 1% might be expected to confer more than modest individual effects in association studies, the selection of predictive candidate variants for complex disease analyses is formidable. Technologic advances in SNP discovery and the ever-changing annotation of the genome have led to massive informational resources that can be difficult to master across disciplines. A simplified guide is needed. Although methods for evaluating nonsynonymous coding SNPs are known, several other publicly available computational tools can be utilized to assess polymorphic variants in noncoding regions. As an example, the authors applied multiple methods to select SNPs in DNA double-strand break repair genes. They chose to evaluate SNPs that occurred among a preexisting set of 57 validated assays and to justify new assay development for 83 potential SNPs in the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit. Of the 140 SNPs, the authors eliminated 119 variants with low or neutral predictions. The existing computational methods they used and the semiquantitative relative ranking strategy they developed can be adapted to a priori SNP selection or post hoc evaluation of variants identified in whole genome scans or within haplotype blocks associated with disease. The authors show a "real world" application of some existing bioinformatics tools for use in large epidemiologic studies and genetic analyses. They also reviewed alternative approaches that provide related information.
A Wide-Field Infrared Camera for the Palomar 200-inch Telescope (2003)

The availability of both large aperture telescopes and large format near-infrared (NIR) detectors are making wide-field NIR imaging a reality. We describe the Wide-field Infrared Camera (WIRC), a newly commissioned instrument that provides the Palomar 200-inch telescope with such an imaging capability. WIRC features a field-of-view (FOV) of 4.33 arcminutes on a side with its currently installed 1024-square Rockwell Hawaii-I NIR detector. A 2048-square Rockwell Hawaii-II NIR detector will be installed and commissioned later this year, in collaboration with Caltech, to give WIRC an 8.7 arcminute FOV on a side. WIRC mounts at the telescope's f/3.3 prime focus. The instrument's seeing-limited optical design, optimized for the <i>JHK</i> atmospheric bands, includes a 4-element refractive collimator, two 7-position filter wheels that straddle a Lyot stop, and a 5-element refractive f/3 camera. Typical seeing-limited point spread functions are slightly oversampled with a 0.25 arcsec per pixel plate scale at the detector. The entire optical train is contained within a cryogenic dewar with a 2.5 day hold-time. Entrance hatches at the top of the dewar allow access to the detector without disruption of the optics and optical alignment. The optical, mechanical, cryogenic, and electronic design of the instrument are described, a commissioning science image and performance analyses are presented.
A simple, rapid and high-resolution banding method in polyacrylamide gels (2008)

Although high-resolution picture can be obtained using the conventional banding method of DNA in PAGE gel, this method has complicated steps and will take very long time. In this paper, we reported an improved banding method of DNA in PAGE gel. DNA development in PAGE gel and comparison were performed by using two methods, the conventional banding method and the improved banding method, respectively. And the results indicated that the improved method has higher contrast between DNA band and the background in PAGE gel. So this improved method has higher resolution than the conventional one. Compared with the conventional banding method, this improved method has fewer steps, less time took and fewer reagents used. This improved method has replaced the conventional banding method completely in our laboratory.
On personality and piloerection: Individual differences in aesthetic chills and other unusual aesthetic experiences. (2011)

Relatively little is known about aesthetic chills, the experience of goose bumps and shivers in response to the arts. The present study explored how often people report such experiences and what people who often experience them are like. After noting which domain of the arts they encountered most often in daily life, young adults (n = 188) rated how often they experienced aesthetic chills and related states. Latent variable models suggested three latent factors—aesthetic chills, feeling touched, and absorption—that shared a higher-order factor. As expected, people high in openness to experience and expertise in the arts consistently reported experiencing aesthetic chills more often. The Big Five personality factors accounted for about half of the variance, whereas cognitive and demographic variables were relatively unimportant. The individual-differences approach thus seems like a promising complement to experimental work on aesthetic chills.
A common framework for ambient illumination in the dichromatic reflectance model (2009)

The dichromatic reflectance model has been successfully applied on different tasks in color research, such as color constancy and highlight or shadow segmentation. In its original version, it incorporates only one direct illuminant. In this work, we analyze a recently published model, the Bi-Illuminant Dichromatic Reflectance Model (BIDR) proposed by Maxwell et al., that extends the dichromatic reflectance model for a very general ambient term. The proposed method can represent optical phenomena like interreflections and inhomogeneous ambient light. We will show that this new model is sufficiently general, in the sense that it encompasses established variations and extensions to the dichromatic reflectance model.
HOMOGRAFT SKIN BANKING—CURRENT PRACTICES AND FUTURE TRENDS (1988)

Homograft skin remains a very successful technique for covering major burns. This paper reviews current techniques of harvesting, microbiological testing, freezing and thawing of the skin, that lead to its optimal use. Recent advances, especially the use of homograft skin in combination with split skin and skin cultures, will add to the effectiveness of homograft skin application.
DEM generation by means of ERS tandem data (1998)

This paper presents an application of the European Remote Sensing (ERS) satellites' radar data to digital elevation model (DEM) generation. The selected test site is the Sannio-Matese area in southern Italy, where several corner reflectors (CRs) were deployed to be used as ground control points (GCPs) for height measurement accuracy validation. First of all, an analysis of the CR response in radar images is presented. Then, the procedure for image pair geometric registration and interferogram formation is described in detail. A quantitative analysis is also performed by comparing these interferograms to the corresponding products obtained by using the ISAR software, officially distributed by the European Space Agency (ESA). Reported correlation values show that only tandem pairs allow an efficient interferometric processing to be performed, thanks to their short-time baseline (one day), whereas correlation adequate for differential interferometry could not be achieved. The method adopted for the computation of the interferometric baseline components on the basis of satellite orbital data is described, including the GCP-based corrections. The procedure was applied to obtain DEMs of a 10/spl times/10 km/sup 2/ subarea characterized by very high correlation coefficients (0.6). The best attained values of the GCP height measurement accuracy were about 4 m. Finally, the DEMs were compared, giving root mean square (rms) differences less than 20 m in the best case.
Nitrogen-14 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a probe of lipid bilayer headgroup structure. (1981)

Nitrogen-14 NMR spectra were obtained at 26.0 M H z (corresponding to a magnetic field strength of 8.5 Tesla), using a "home-built" spectrometer and data system based on a LSI-I1 minicomputer.A two-pulse echo technique (11) using 90" pulse widths of -9 ps was used to record the 14N spectra.We used the "home-built" medium field spectrometer described previously (12) to record deuterium spectra.Single phase detection and a spectrum reverse technique ((Nicolet software package FT-74) was used to obtain an effective 1OC kHz spectral width.The deuterium 90" pulse width was 6 to 7 p, and ' The abbreviations used are: NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance.
Automatic contour initialization for image tracking of multi-lane vehicles and motorcycles (2004)

The paper presents a novel design for automatic contour initialization and its applications to vision-based traffic monitoring. Active contour models are constructed subsequently to locate and track various types of vehicles, including cars and motorcycles. We propose to use image measurement to predict the position and size of vehicles in a special designed detection window. The initialization mechanism facilitates contour tracking of different size vehicle simultaneously at a junction. Actual CCD images of an artery junction were employed to verify the proposed image tracking system. Traffic parameters such as vehicle speed and numbers of vehicles are obtained with satisfactory accuracy.
Therapeutic perspectives of adipocytokines (2005)

Various adipocyte-secreted factors have been described which profoundly affect insulin sensitivity and might potentially link obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Among those, adiponectin, visfatin and omentin appear as insulin-sensitising adipocytokines, whereas TNF-alpha, IL-6 and resistin induce insulin resistance. Moreover, leptin is a fat-derived key regulator of appetite and energy expenditure. Due to their profound effect on whole-body glucose and energy metabolism, adipocytokines have attracted interest as potential new therapeutics for diabetes mellitus and obesity. The current knowledge on function, regulation and therapeutic potential of various adipocytokines, as well as their clinical implications, are discussed in this review.
Textural properties and crystalline structure of tungstated zirconia, a catalyst for isomerization of lower alkanes (2012)

The formation of the crystalline structure and textural properties of zirconia during the thermal activation of a hydroxide precursor with additives of tungstate anions at temperatures of 600–870°C has been studied. It has been found that, in the application of the different methods of mixing (coprecipitation or impregnation) of tungstate anions and zirconium hydroxide in the amount of more than 12.9 mol %, a dispersed phase of tetragonal zirconia having a mesoporous structure with a pore size of 7–8 nm is formed during thermal treatment. The catalytic activity of Pt/WO4 2−/ZrO2 in the isomerization of n-hexane and n-heptane depends in a nonmonotonic mode on the concentration of tungstate anions. In both reactions at a low temperature, high yields of isomers with a selectivity of at least 87% are achieved on the catalyst that has been prepared by impregnation and contains 17.6 mol % WO4 2−.
Three-Dimensional Image Analysis of Aggregate Particles from Orthogonal Projections (1996)

Digital image analysis provides the capability for rapid measurement of particle characteristics. When an image is captured and digitized, numerous measurements can be made in near real time for each particle. Usually, image analysis techniques treat particles as two-dimensional objects since only the two-dimensional projection of the particles is captured. In this study, three-dimensional analysis of aggregate particles that was performed by attaching aggregates in sample trays with two perpendicular faces is described. After the initial projected image of the aggregates is captured and measured, the sample trays are rotated 90 degrees so that the aggregates are now perpendicular to their original orientation and the dimensions of the aggregates in the new projected image are captured and measured. The long, intermediate, and short particle dimensions (dL, dI, and dS, respectively) provide direct measures of the flatness and elongation of the particles. Some other shape indexes can also be derived from the measurements of area and perimeter length. The proposed image analysis method was verified by comparing the results obtained with manual measurements of particle dimensions for uniform size [passing 12.7 mm (1/2 in.) sieve and retained on 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) sieve] aggregates. Three-dimensional image analysis was also performed on five aggregates of standard size No. 89 from different sources, and the results are summarized herein. The proposed method is expected to improve field quality control of aggregates used in hot mix asphalt.
Intrinsic structural disorder and sequence features of the cell cycle inhibitor p57<sup>Kip2</sup> (2001)

The cell cycle inhibitor p57Kip2 induces cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases. p57, although active as a cyclin A-CDK2 inhibitor, is largely unfolded or intrinsically disordered as shown by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra characteristic of an unfolded protein and a hydrodynamic radius consistent with an unfolded structure. In addition, the N-terminal domain of p57 is both functionally independent as a cyclin A-CDK2 inhibitor and unstructured, as demonstrated by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra indicative of unfolded proteins, a lack of 1H chemical shift dispersion and a hydrodynamic radius consistent with a highly unfolded structure. The amino acid compositions of full-length p57 and the excised QT domain of p57 exhibit significant deviations from the average composition of globular proteins that are consistent with the observed intrinsic disorder. However, the amino acid composition of the CDK inhibition domain of p57 does not exhibit such a striking deviation from the average values observed for proteins, implying that a general low level of hydrophobicity, rather than depletion or enrichment in specific amino acids, contributes to the intrinsic disorder of the excised p57 CDK inhibition domain.
Study on New Viscosity Agent for Combination Use Type of Self-Compacting Concrete (2003)

The authors succeeded to make a liquefied viscosity agent Welan gum with AE superplasticizer. When the Welan gumis added into a given concentration of AE superplasticizer and agitated well, Welan gum particles swell in the AE superplasticizer, resulting in stable suspension without much viscosity increase.
TH-3 Microwave Radio System: 4A FM Transmitter and Receiver (1971)

FM terminals form an important subsystem of long-haul microwave radio systems as the link between the baseband signal and the 70-MHz FM signal. Designed primarily for use on the TH-3 system, 4A FM terminals are also compatible with the TD-2 and TD-3 long-haul microwave radio systems. Using solid state circuitry throughout, emphasis was placed on reliability and performance consistent with TH-3 objectives with up to sixteen FM terminal pairs in tandem in 4000 miles. The FM transmitter utilizes the capacitance of two voltage-controlled varactor diodes in a resonant circuit of an oscillator operating at an IF frequency of 70 MHz. The diode capacitance is varied by applying a baseband signal across the diodes resulting in a frequency-modulated 70-MHz signal. The FM receiver uses a balanced, parallel resonant type discriminator preceded by two limiter circuits which ensure good AM suppression and a wide dynamic range. The FM terminal pair gain is 16 dB with a balanced baseband input and output impedance of 124 ohms.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2010)

Abstract This chapter reviews studies on the link between smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoking is the dominant cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for both men and women. Changes in the lungs of smokers can be demonstrated within a few years of beginning to smoke. By the age 25–34 years, evidence of functional loss is evident in populations of heavy-smokers. The risks of developing ventilatory impairment and of dying of COPD increase with increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day and increased duration of smoking. Cessation of smoking alters the rate of lung function decline and risk of dying from COPD, but the benefits of cessation are greatest when cessation can be achieved early before substantial lung injury has occurred.
Fibre-optic polarisers and polarising couplers (1988)

The dispersion equation describing the planar waveguiding properties of a thin metal film sandwiched between two dielectrics was used to predict the conditions for polarisation selective coupling from an optical fibre to surface plasmon polaritons. The conditions predicted by the analysis and those found by experiment were in close agreement and the results led to the realisation of a high-quality polariser and polarising coupler demonstrating extinction ratios in excessof 50 dB (at 1.3 micron) and 30 dB per arm (at 1.3 micron) respectively.