gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond pulses and laser resonators (2005)

In a mode-locked laser, a wave packet of light of transverse dimension of the order of a mm, and longitudinal dimension of only a few micron, travels back and forth in a resonator of the order of one or two meter. It is difficult to conceive why a light bullet, six orders of magnitude shorter than the cavity, would care whether its central wavelength would fit as a sub-multiple of the cavity length. As the length of the resonator changes constantly because of vibrations, thermal drifts, the “central wavelength” of the intracavity fs pulse should also change constantly to follow the cavity resonances. We present evidence that this is indeed the case, and that the micron long wave packet traveling in the cavity does indeed keep record of cavity motion, with subwavelength accuracy. Applications range from distance measurements with a spatial resolution of 0.01 pm, and fs temporal resolution, to inertial navigation (measurement of acceleration and rotation). Stabilization of the mode-locked laser can enhance the resolution of these measurements by at least three orders of magnitude.
The impedance of a short dipole antenna in a magnetoplasma (1964)

A formula for the impedance of a short cylindrical dipole in a magnetoplasma is derived using quasi-static electromagnetic theory. The formula is valid in a lossy plasma and for any dipole orientation with respect to the magnetic field. The dipole impedance is found to have a positive real part under lossless conditions when the quasi-static differential equation is hyperbolic; this indicates that the quasi-static theory predicts a form of radiation. It is shown that the quasi-static theory can be interpreted in terms of scaled coordinates and that a cylindrical dipole in a magnetoplasma has a free space equivalent with a distorted shape. A conductance correction term obtained from Langmuir probe theory is shown to be significant. Laboratory measurements of monopole impedance are compared with the theoretical calculations.
3D modeling and augmented reality (2010)

Complex disassembly and reassembly procedures for scheduled jet engine maintenances involve hundreds of components, jigs, and often require collaboration among multiple technicians. While a model-specific training course usually takes months, skilled technicians still rely heavily on paper based documentations in daily work. In this paper, we present AEGuide: an augmented reality aided jet engine assembly and disassembly guidance system, with the potential to significantly reduce training cost and duration, as well as to increase work efficiency. In our system, context-aware text instructions, images, video clips and virtual demonstrations are displayed on-demand as 3D overlays in head mounted displays; user interacts with the system through a hands-free voice interface for convenience and security concerns; multi-personal collaborations are managed using a distributed work flow control scheme. Preliminary user studies in a real workshop are presented.
Coxsackievirus B3 mutator strains are attenuated in vivo (2012)

Based on structural data of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, rational targeting of key residues, and screens for Coxsackievirus B3 fidelity variants, we isolated nine polymerase variants with mutator phenotypes, which allowed us to probe the effects of lowering fidelity on virus replication, mutability, and in vivo fitness. These mutator strains generate higher mutation frequencies than WT virus and are more sensitive to mutagenic treatments, and their purified polymerases present lower-fidelity profiles in an in vitro incorporation assay. Whereas these strains replicate with WT-like kinetics in tissue culture, in vivo infections reveal a strong correlation between mutation frequency and fitness. Variants with the highest mutation frequencies are less fit in vivo and fail to productively infect important target organs, such as the heart or pancreas. Furthermore, whereas WT virus is readily detectable in target organs 30 d after infection, some variants fail to successfully establish persistent infections. Our results show that, although mutator strains are sufficiently fit when grown in large population size, their fitness is greatly impacted when subjected to severe bottlenecking, which would occur during in vivo infection. The data indicate that, although RNA viruses have extreme mutation frequencies to maximize adaptability, nature has fine-tuned replication fidelity. Our work forges ground in showing that the mutability of RNA viruses does have an upper limit, where larger than natural genetic diversity is deleterious to virus survival.
Optimum State Assignment for Synchronous Sequential Circuits (1972)

The problem of encoding the internal states of synchronous sequential switching circuits so as to minimize the combinational network cost is treated. Cost is defined as the number of AND-OR inputs required in the two-level implementation of each memory element input equation separately ( i.e., the cost is not reduced initially by the existence of common terms between equations). An algorithm has been developed that considers implicitly all distinct state-assignment schemes for a given state table, thus ensuring that the state assignment that results in the least "cost" combinational network is selected. Since any optimum state-assignment scheme is dependent on the type of memory element, the algorithm is designed for use with J-K flip-flop memory elements because of their wide use and versatility.
Properties of unconventional SFS Josephson junctions (2017)

In this work I present novel experimental characterization of two different kind of unconventional ferromagnetic Josephson junctions. The first set of experiments refers to a SIsFS junction suitable for memory applications. Besides a temperature characterization, I performed a study on the effect of RF fields on the switching dynamics of the device. The second set of experiment is a complete characterization of low dissipation ferromagnetic junctions, namely spin filter junctions. I present results that indicate the presence of unconventional transport mechanisms in these devices.
Catalytic Graphitization of Carbon Aerogels by Transition Metals (2000)

Carbon aerogels and Cr-, Fe-, Co-, and Ni-containing carbon aerogels were obtained by pyrolysis, at temperatures between 500 and 1800 °C, of the corresponding aerogels prepared by the sol−gel method from polymerization of resorcinol with formaldehyde. All samples were characterized by mercury porosimetry, nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Raman spectroscopy. Results obtained show that carbon aerogels are, essentially, macroporous materials that maintain large pore volumes even after pyrolysis at 1800 °C. For pyrolysis at temperatures higher than 1000 °C, the presence of the transition metals produced graphitized areas with three-dimensional stacking order, as shown by HRTEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. HRTEM also showed that the metal−carbon containing aerogels were formed by polyhedral structures. Cr and Fe seem to be the best catalysts for graphitization of carbon aerogels.
Applied electric field enhances DRG neurite growth: influence of stimulation media, surface coating and growth supplements (2009)

Electrical therapies have been found to aid repair of nerve injuries and have been shown to increase and direct neurite outgrowth during stimulation. This enhanced neural growth existed even after the electric field (EF) or stimulation was removed, but the factors that may influence the enhanced growth, such as stimulation media or surface coating, have not been fully investigated. This study characterized neurite outgrowth and branching under various conditions: EF magnitude and application time, ECM surface coating, medium during EF application and growth supplements. A uniform, low-magnitude EF (24 or 44 V m(-1)) was applied to dissociated chick embryo dorsal root ganglia seeded on collagen or laminin-coated surfaces. During the growth period, cells were either exposed to NGF or N2, and during stimulation cells were exposed to either unsupplemented media (Ca(2+)) or PBS (no Ca(2+)). Parallel controls for each experiment included cells exposed to the chamber with no stimulation and cells remaining outside the chamber. After brief electrical stimulation (10 min), neurite length significantly increased 24 h after application for all conditions studied. Of particular interest, increased stimulation time (10-100 min) further enhanced neurite length on laminin but not on collagen surfaces. Neurite branching was not affected by stimulation on any surface, and no preferential growth of neurites was noted after stimulation. Overall, the results of this report suggest that short-duration electric stimulation is sufficient to enhance neurite length under a variety of conditions. While further data are needed to fully elucidate a mechanism for this increased growth, these data suggest that one focus of those investigations should be the interaction between the growth cone and the substrata.
O Significado do Projecto Urbano: Notas Conceptuais sobre a sua Dimensão no Tempo (2012)

The term Urban Project has connections both within different discipline to the countries where it is used, always on the methodological and instrumental framework, having various interpretations within conceptual, or ideological character, either
programmatically, or even as an alternative to conventional urban planning in response to the city dynamics, or in the context of the called urban globalization, often giving rise to the so-called architecture of the Author. The purpose of these records is to present the current concept of the PU, its operational character, which its genesis, as it has acquired its present meaning through some significant steps in the history of city architecture.
Today is an privileged urban instrument, but it is not always accompanied by its meaning. The figure of the PU in the typological register is recent, having as instrumental framework the urban design, in which the (re) design of the urban tissue is reflected in urban praxis, although it has not reached its true extent. The P.U. has an history in the urban design that helps to understand the meaning of the concept.
Bonding of hydroxyapatite-coated femoral prostheses. Histopathology of specimens from four cases (1991)

We examined specimens of hydroxyapatite-coated femoral prostheses from four patients who had died within nine months of implantation for fractured neck of femur. Histology showed newly formed immature bone overlying the hydroxyapatite coating with new trabeculae bridging to the endosteal bone layer. In the diaphysis, where there had been contact between the hydroxyapatite and the cortex, there was dense, firmly anchored bone with an haversian architecture. In other places the newly formed bone had a trabecular structure, containing bone marrow tissue with normal cellularity. It appeared that biological osseointegration had taken place.
The value of nonhuman primates in drug abuse research. (2007)

The use of nonhuman primates (NHP) is invaluable for drug abuse research. The laboratory animals most closely related to humans are NHP. The phylogeny, anatomy, physiology, neurochemistry, and behavior of NHP are more similar to humans than other laboratory species. There is now an extensive body of literature documenting the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neuropharmacological similarities between NHP and humans and the differences between NHP and other laboratory species in dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, opioid, and gamma aminobutyric acid systems. Comprehensive studies comparing pharmacokinetics in humans, monkeys, dogs, and rats have shown that data in monkeys are the most predictive of human pharmacokinetic parameters. The long life span and extended adolescent period for NHP permits intensive, long-term investigations and the use of within-subject experimental designs similar to those used in human laboratory studies. Within-subject designs require fewer subjects than standard between-group designs and permit the careful evaluation of individual differences. NHP have been used extensively in drug abuse research for over 40 years and have provided useful information on the behavioral processes associated with drug abuse and addiction as well as drug abuse liability in humans. This review focuses on important species differences between rodents and NHP and on the value of NHP in bridging the gap between rodents and humans to enhance the ability to generalize preclinical findings to human drug abuse.
A 150-V subscriber line interface circuit (SLIC) in a new BiCMOS/DMOS-technology (1997)

The presented IC performs the high-voltage functions of an electronic central office subscriber line interface without the need for any transformers or relays. The challenges of subscriber line interface circuit (SLIC) integration stem from the combination of conflicting requirements: low impedance line feeding in a 150-V range, current sensing with 0.2% relative accuracy, and stability up to 200 nF loads, while operating in the harsh environment of the telephone line. The newly developed BiCMOS/DMOS process 170-V smart power technology (SPT 170) together with circuit techniques that strongly emphasize the physical device properties (e.g., buffers with DMOS outputs, n-type supply voltage switch, accuracy by polyresistors) yielded a very robust 30 mm/sup 2/ SLIC. All transmission specifications are met without trimming.
Requirements for components of an intelligent information retrieval model for the WWW (1997)

We are currently witnessing an eruption of (potentially) useful information that is made available over the Internet. Providing easy and efficient access to this information is crucial bearing in mind the high levels of distribution and semantic heterogeneity (compounded also by syntactic mismatches) exhibited by the Web. The paper describes a framework for information retrieval based on knowledge sharing and reuse. The authors adopt a common three-layer WWW architecture, consisting of a user agent, an information location service provider (mediator), and a resource access mechanism (wrapper). Their contribution is to functionally decompose these components in order to give more precise meaning to their roles, and to enable design decisions about the division of labour (and associated meta-knowledge) between them. They set out requirements for an adequate information resource description so that one can handle the variety of information resources connected to the Internet. They show that it is desirable for the meta-knowledge to be communicated between the WWW layers and propose that it should be part of the mediator functionality.
The neuronal nitric oxide synthase PDZ motif binds to ‐G(D,E)XV<sup>*</sup> carboxyterminal sequences (1997)

PDZ motifs are small protein-protein interaction modules that are thought to play a role in the clustering of submembranous signalling molecules. The specificity and functional consequences of their associative actions is still largely unknown. Using two-hybrid methodology we here demonstrate that the PDZ motif of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) can mediate the binding to several other proteins in brain. Peptide library screening showed that proteins bearing a carboxy-terminal G(D,E)XV* sequence are preferred targets for the nNOS amino-terminal PDZ motif. Potential nNOS targets include a melanoma-associated antigen, cyclophilins and the alpha1C-adrenergic receptor.
Objective measurement of head movement differences in children with and without autism spectrum disorder (2018)

Head movement dynamics (displacement and velocity) were greater in children with ASD than in children without ASD, providing a quantitative foundation for previous clinical reports. Head movement differences were evident in lateral (yaw and roll) but not vertical (pitch) movement and were specific to a social rather than nonsocial condition. When presented with social stimuli, children with ASD had higher levels of head movement and moved their heads more quickly than children without ASD. Children with ASD may use head movement to modulate their perception of social scenes.
Negative tone aqueous developable resist for photon, electron, and x-ray lithography (1990)

The use of negative acting photoresists has become a integral part of device fabrication strategy. In this paper we will. discuss a phenolic based photoresist which incorporates a crosslinkable resin and an acid generating sensitizer. When exposed and thermally treated, the resist forms a negative tone image which is developable in an alkaline medium. We will discuss the materials, processes and results from photon, electron and X-ray lithographic evaluations.
Structural and functional analyses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild-type and mutant RNA1 genes. (1989)

The yeast gene RNA1 has been defined by the thermosensitive rna1-1 lesion. This lesion interferes with the processing and production of all major classes of RNA. Each class of RNA is affected at a distinct and presumably unrelated step. Furthermore, RNA does not appear to exit the nucleus. To investigate how the RNA1 gene product can pleiotropically affect disparate processes, we undertook a structural analysis of wild-type and mutant RNA1 genes. The wild-type gene was found to contain a 407-amino-acid open reading frame that encodes a hydrophilic protein. No clue regarding the function of the RNA1 protein was obtained by searching banks for similarity to other known gene products. Surprisingly, the rna1-1 lesion was found to code for two amino acid differences from wild type. We found that neither single-amino-acid change alone resulted in temperature sensitivity. The carboxy-terminal region of the RNA1 open reading frame contains a highly acidic domain extending from amino acids 334 to 400. We generated genomic deletions that removed C-terminal regions of this protein. Deletion of amino acids 397 to 407 did not appear to affect cell growth. Removal of amino acids 359 to 397, a region containing 24 acidic residues, caused temperature-sensitive growth. This allele, rna1-delta 359-397, defines a second conditional lesion of the RNA1 locus. We found that strains possessing the rna1-delta 359-397 allele did not show thermosensitive defects in pre-rRNA or pre-tRNA processing. Removal of amino acids 330 to 407 resulted in loss of viability.
Higher Levels of Surface CD20 Expression on Circulating Lymphocytes Compared With Bone Marrow and Lymph Nodes in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2001)

Differential expression of CD20 surface antigen in B-cell neoplasms at different sites is largely unknown. The number of CD20 antibodies bound per cell (CD20 ABC) in bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PB), and lymph node aspirate (LNA) samples from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) or other B-cell disease was studied using quantitative flow cytometry. CD20 ABC differed significantly with the specimen type in B-CLL, being highest in PB (mean, 9,051) and lower in BM (mean, 4,067) and LNA (mean, 3,951). No difference in CD20 ABC between BM and PB samples was found in splenic lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, or follicular lymphoma. Also, we found a significant difference of CD20 ABC by type of disease: lowest in B-CLL; higher in splenic, follicular, and mantle cell lymphoma; and highest in hairy cell leukemia. The lower CD20 surface antigen levels in BM and LNA than in PB in B-CLL may have clinical relevance with regard to the efficacy of rituximab therapy.
Inhibition of Bacterial RNA Polymerases. Peptide Metabolites from the Cultures of<i>Streptomyces</i>sp. (1997)

The fermentation culture of a soil strain of Streptomyces has been chemically investigated for its inhibitory activity against RNA polymerases from the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The active component was found to be the unusual bicyclodepsipeptide salinamide A (1) recently discovered from a marine Streptomycete. The same extract also yielded a new cyclohexapeptide natural product, desotamide (2), the structure elucidation of which was based on amino acid analysis, detailed spectroscopic data interpretation, and peptide synthesis.
Genetic background alters the spectrum of tumors that develop in p53‐deficient mice (1993)

Using gene targeting in embryonic stem cells, we have generated mice with one or two null p53 germ line alleles. Mice with both p53 alleles inactivated are developmentally normal but highly susceptible to the early development of spontaneous tumors. Initial studies were performed in mice with a mixed inbred genetic background (75% C57BL/6 and 25% 129/Sv) (Donehower et al., Nature (London) 356, 215-221, 1992). To study the effect of genetic background on tumorigenesis in p53-deficient mice, we have put the p53 null allele into a pure 129/Sv background and monitored tumor development. 129/Sv mice with two p53 null alleles developed tumors sooner than the mixed genetic background p53-deficient animals. The most frequently observed tumor in p53 null mice of both genetic backgrounds was a malignant lymphoma. Because the 129/Sv strain has a low incidence of lymphoma, the frequent occurrence of lymphomas in all p53 null mice suggests that this particular tumor type may be a direct result of p53 loss and not a result of a particular genetic background. In addition to malignant lymphomas, the 129/Sv p53-deficient mice showed an increased incidence of aggressive teratocarcinomas (8 of 18 tumor-bearing males), a tumor type rare in virtually all inbred mice except for 129 strains. Thus, it appears that loss of p53 may accelerate a prior tumor predisposition and that genetic background can play a role in mediating both the rate and spectrum of tumor development in these mice.
Chemoimmunotherapy of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma with VP-16-213, ifosfamide, vincristine, adriamycin, andCorynebacterium Parvum (1981)

Thirty-five consecutive patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma (SCBC) received chemoimmunotherapy with VP-16-213, Ifosfamide, vincristine, Adriamycin, and Corynebacterium parvum. Of 33 evaluable patients, 26 (79%) responded with complete (55%) or partial (24%) remissions. Complete remissions were more common among patients with limited disease (11/14 patients, 79%) compared with those with extensive disease (7/19 patients, 37%) and among patients (11/14 patients, 79%) compared with those with extensive disease (7/19 patients, 37%) and among patients who were ambulatory prior to therapy (16/25 patients, 64%) compared with those who were nonambulatory (2/8 patients, 25%). Myelosuppression consisted primarily of neutropenia. Eight percent of the treatment courses in 29% of the patients were associated with hematuria and/or documented episodes of infection during neutropenia. There were three deaths possibly related to treatment, in two of which there was no evidence of disease at post-mortem examination. Six patients relapsed in the central nervous system (CNS). In four instances, CNS relapse was the only site of tumor progression. Central nervous system relapse was more common among evaluable patients who did not receive prophylactic brain irradiation (5/17 patients, 29%, vs. 1/15 patients, 7%; P = 0.23). The median survival duration for all patients was 63 weeks, being slightly longer for patients with limited disease than for those with extensive disease (70.9 weeks vs. 56 weeks; P = 0.18). This was also true for patients who achieved complete rather than partial remissions (71 weeks vs. 50 weeks; P = 0.09). Patients receiving prophylactic brain irradiation experienced longer survival (100.8 weeks vs. 48 weeks; P = 0.01).