gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indomethacin Submicron Particle Capsules Provide Effective Pain Relief in Patients with Acute Pain: A Phase 3 Study (2013)

Although frequently prescribed to relieve acute pain in patients, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with dose-related gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal complications. Investigational, submicron particle NSAIDs are being developed that could provide effective pain relief at lower doses than currently available oral NSAIDs. This is the first phase 3 study evaluating the analgesic efficacy and safety of lower-dose indomethacin submicron particle capsules in patients following elective surgery. This multicenter, double-blind study enrolled patients aged 18 to 68 years who underwent bunionectomy under regional anesthesia. Patients with a pain intensity rating of ≥40 mm on a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale were randomized to receive indomethacin submicron particle capsules (40 mg 3 times daily [TID], 40 mg twice daily [BID], or 20 mg TID), celecoxib (400 mg loading dose, then 200 mg BID), or placebo. The primary efficacy parameter was the overall (summed) pain intensity difference measured by a Visual Analog Scale during a period of 48 hours. Scheduled assessments measured secondary efficacy parameters such as patient pain intensity differences. Indomethacin submicron particle capsules 40 mg 3 times daily (509.6 ± 91.9 overall [summed] pain intensity difference), 40 mg twice daily (328.0 ± 92.9 overall [summed] pain intensity difference), and 20 mg 3 times daily (380.5 ± 92.9 overall [summed] pain intensity difference) reduced pain intensity from 0 to 48 hours (P ≤ 0.046 for all 3 groups) compared with placebo (67.8 ± 91.4 overall [summed] pain intensity difference). There was some evidence of patient analgesia for celecoxib (279.4 ± 91.9 overall [summed] pain intensity difference; P = 0.103). Some evidence of pain control was observed in patients as early as 2 hours following administration of indomethacin submicron particle capsules and was sustained throughout the treatment period. Indomethacin submicron particle capsules were generally well tolerated by patients. These results suggest that lower-dose indomethacin submicron particle capsules are a potentially promising treatment option for patients with acute pain.
Oxygen Transport and Consumption During Experimental Cardiopulmonary Bypass Using Oxyfluor (1999)

To evaluate a perfluorocarbon based oxygen carrier (Oxyfluor), a porcine model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was implemented. Swine (30 kg) were subjected to 2 h of normothermic CPB using Oxyfluor (OF group, n = 8) or Ringer's lactate (RL group, n = 13) as the prime. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was kept at 50 mm Hg, flow rate at 80 ml x min(-1) x kg(-1), and PaCO2 at 35 mm Hg. Hemodynamic, hematologic, fluid balance, and blood gasimetry variables were measured. Total body oxygen delivery (DO2), consumption (VO2), and the fractional contribution to delivery (FCD) and to consumption (FCC) of the red blood cells (RBC), PFC, and plasma phases were calculated. Mixed venous PO2 (PvO2) was significantly higher at 30 min and 1 h on CPB in the OF group than in the RL group. FCCRBC was significantly lower at 30 min, 1 h, and 90 min on CPB in the OF group than in the RL group. PvjO2, Ca-vO2, Ca-vj O2, and VO2 were slightly higher in the OF group than in the RL group. Tissue fluid accumulation was not alleviated with Oxyfluor, and tissue and brain acidosis were significantly increased in the OF group. This study presented evidence that Oxyfluor improved tissue oxygenation and total body oxygen consumption during experimental CPB. In addition, Oxyfluor reduced FCCRBC, increasing oxygen transport reserve of the RBC phase, which can be useful to reduce hypoxic events during CPB. Further research should be conducted to optimize PFC-OCs for use in CPB and to reduce secondary effects.
Aging-related skin changes: development and clinical meaning. (1988)

The medical literature is replete with articles that discuss the spectrum of sun-induced changes in human skin. These extrinsic, actinically induced changes, more prevalent in the elderly, include wrinkling and loss of elasticity; dyspigmentation; vascular ectasias and hemorrhage; atrophy; and benign and malignant neoplasms. This article, however, focuses on the intrinsic changes behind geriatric skin problems, providing a non-specialist's illustrated guide to recognizing structural and functional changes due to normal, chronological aging and how they manifest clinically in elderly patients.
<i>N</i>-Hydroxysuccinimide(NHS) (2008)

N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS, NHSI, or HOSu), a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 99-100 ˚C, was first introduced by Anderson in peptide synthesis. [¹] Since then, NHS has been widely used as activating or protecting reagent in organic and bio-organic synthesis [²] because of its high reactivity, good hydrophilicity, ease of formation of peptide bonds, and commercial availability. Recently, NHS has been exploited for a number of other utilities in synthetic chemistry: it was used as auxiliary for oxidations, activating reagent for selective reductions and coupling reactions of bulky substrates, additive for acceleration of Passerini reactions under aqueous conditions, and efficient ligand for N-arylations. NHS can easily be prepared from equivalent amounts of succinic anhydride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride. [³]
Concepts of high-level-language computer architecture (1975)

High-level-language (HLL) computer architecture refers to those architecture which can accept one or more high-level languages (such as Fortran, Alogl, Snobol, etc.). This paper classifies the HLL computer architecture into four types (von Neumann architecture, syntax-oriented architecture, indirect execution architecture, and direct execution architecture) based on the criterion of proximity in lexicality, syntax and semantics between the high-level language and the machine language. It then introduce es concepts of these high-level-language architecture. A simple example is employed to illustrate the differences among these four types of architecture.
High-throughput mutation detection underlying adaptive evolution of <i>Escherichia coli</i>-K12 (2004)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis of base-specific cleavage products is an efficient, highly accurate tool for the detection of single base sequence variations. We describe the first application of this comparative sequencing strategy for automated high-throughput mutation detection in microbial genomes. The method was applied to identify DNA sequence changes that occurred in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 during laboratory adaptive evolution to new optimal growth phenotypes. Experiments were based on a genome-scale in silico model of E. coli metabolism and growth. This model computes several phenotypic functions and predicts optimal growth rates. To identify mutations underlying a 40-d adaptive laboratory evolution on glycerol, we resequenced 4.4% of the E. coli-K12 MG1655 genome in several clones picked at the end of the evolutionary process. The 1.54-Mb screen was completed in 13.5 h. This resequencing study is the largest reported by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to date. Ten mutations in 40 clones and three deviations from the reference sequence were detected. Mutations were predominantly found within the glycerol kinase gene. Functional characterization of the most prominent mutation shows its metabolic impact on the process of adaptive evolution. All sequence changes were independently confirmed by genotyping and Sanger-sequencing. We demonstrate that comparative sequencing by base-specific cleavage and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is an automated, fast, and highly accurate alternative to capillary sequencing.
Outage calculations for spatially multiplexed fiber links (2011)

We calculate multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) outage probabilities for optical fiber links employing spatial multiplexing across linearly coupled propagation modes in the presence of mode-dependent loss and distributed optical noise.
Combination Jessner’s Solution and Trichloroacetic Acid Chemical Peel: Technique and Outcomes (2009)

The combination of Jessner's solution and 35% trichloroacetic acid is an effective, safe resurfacing tool that can treat superficial to moderate rhytids. Despite the apparent simplicity of the procedure, there is a significant learning curve to understand the intricacies of chemical penetration in the skin. Consistency in results is achieved with experience and proper preoperative patient evaluation and selection.
A Simple Quasi-Optical Mixer for 100-120 GHz (2005)

An open-structure quasi-optical mixer for 100-120 GHz is described. The mixer uses a GaAs diode coupled to a cavity-backed two-slot radiator. The design should be usable to sub-millimeter wavelengths with appropriate frequency scaling, and should be suitable for cryogenic operation.
The use of a data historian to extend plant life (1994)

Power stations have always spent much effort collecting data about plant. operation. Since much of this data is paper based, it cannot easily be converted into information to help people do their jobs better. Power plants using more than a few percent of their history of production in decision processes are rare. The purpose of this paper is to describe some specific historian software, the Plant Information System, which is used to collect, compress, store, validate and present real time and historical data. The approach to data recording and storage is described as well as the problems of interfacing with the data sensor systems in the plant and the collection of this data. The influence of the dramatic advances in the power and functionality of desktop computing resources is considered, and finally some examples are given of how historian software may be used in the life management of power plants.
Widely repetition-tunable 200 fs pulse source using a Mach–Zehnder-modulator-based flat comb generator and dispersion-flattened dispersion-decreasing fiber (2008)

By combining a Mach-Zehnder-modulator-based flat comb generator (MZ-FCG) with a dispersion-flattened dispersion-decreasing fiber, femtosecond pulses have been generated from a cw light. Near-Fourier-transform-limit picosecond pulses generated from the MZ-FCG were compressed into femtosecond order by pulse compression. Our system enables flexible tuning of the repetition rate and pulse width, because those depend on the driving signal of the MZ-FCG. Pulse trains of 200 fs width were continuously and stably generated without mode hopping, with a repetition rate range from 5 to 17 GHz. Our system consists of a modulator and compression fiber; thus, the configuration is simpler and more stable.
Control of fine-structure splitting of individual InAs quantum dots by rapid thermal annealing (2007)

Degeneracy of the bright single exciton spin state is a prerequisite for the production of triggered polarization-entangled photon pairs from the biexciton decay of a quantum dot. Normally, however, the exciton spin states are split due to in-plane asymmetries. Here the authors demonstrate that the exciton splitting of an individual dot can be tuned through zero by thermal annealing. Repeated annealing blueshifts the exciton emission line of the dot, accompanied by a reduction and inversion in polarization splitting. Annealing is also demonstrated to control the detuning between the exciton and biexciton transitions in any selected dot.
A Robust Gender and Age Estimation under Varying Facial Pose (2007)

This paper presents a method for gender and age estimation which is robust for facial pose changing. We propose a feature point detection method which is the Adapted Retinal Sampling Method (ARSM), and a feature extraction method. A basic concept of the ARSM is to add knowledge about the facial structure into the Retinal Sampling Method. In this method, feature points are detected based on 7 points corresponding to facial organ from face image. The reason why we used 7 points to basis of feature point detection is that facial organ is conspicuous in facial region, and it is comparatively easy to extract. As features which is robust for facial pose changing, a skin texture, a hue and a gabor jet are used for the gender and age estimation. For classification of gender and estimation of seriate age, we use a multi-layered neural network. Moreover, we examine the left-right symmetric property of the face concerning gender and age estimation by the proposed method.
Clonal expansion of mtDNA deletions: different disease models assessed by digital droplet PCR in single muscle cells (2018)

Deletions in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are an important cause of human disease and their accumulation has been implicated in the ageing process. As mtDNA is a high copy number genome, the coexistence of deleted and wild-type mtDNA molecules within a single cell defines heteroplasmy. When deleted mtDNA molecules, driven by intracellular clonal expansion, reach a sufficiently high level, a biochemical defect emerges, contributing to the appearance and progression of clinical pathology. Consequently, it is relevant to determine the heteroplasmy levels within individual cells to understand the mechanism of clonal expansion. Heteroplasmy is reflected in a mosaic distribution of cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-deficient muscle fibers. We applied droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to single muscle fibers collected by laser-capture microdissection (LCM) from muscle biopsies of patients with different paradigms of mitochondrial disease, characterized by the accumulation of single or multiple mtDNA deletions. By combining these two sensitive approaches, ddPCR and LCM, we document different models of clonal expansion in patients with single and multiple mtDNA deletions, implicating different mechanisms and time points for the development of COX deficiency in these molecularly distinct mitochondrial cytopathies.
Genetically determined, interferon-dependent resistance to influenza virus in mice. (1979)

The genetically determined resistance towards orthomyxoviruses exhibited by mice homozygous (A2G) or heterozygous (A2G X A/J) for the gene Mx was abolished or greatly diminished by treatment with anti-interferon globulin (AIF). AIF induced increased susceptibility to challenge with hepatotropic, neurotropic, and pneumotropic strains of influenza A virus. Hepatotropic virus titers in blood and livers of AIF-treated, Mx-bearing mice were higher by a factor of 10(3)--10(6) than those in untreated mice of the same genotype, and were comparable to those in genetically susceptible (untreated or AIF-treated) mice. Peritoneal macrophages from Mx-bearing untreated mice were resistant to challenge with a macrophage-adapted strain of influenza A virus even in the presence of AIF. However, when macrophages were taken from resistant mice injected with AIF and also cultivated in the presence of AIF, they were as susceptible to the virus as macrophages taken from susceptible mice. We conclude that interferons is an important factor in resistance to orthomyxoviruses governed by the gene Mx.
The activation of G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) inhibits proliferation of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo (2014)

There is an urgent clinical need for safe and effective treatment agents and therapy targets for estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer. G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), which mediates non-genomic signaling of estrogen to regulate cell growth, is highly expressed in ER--breast cancer cells. We here showed that activation of GPR30 by the receptor-specific agonist G-1 inhibited the growth of ER--breast cancer cells in vitro. Treatment of ER--breast cancer cells with G-1 resulted in G2/M-phase arrest, downregulation of G2-checkpoint regulator cyclin B, and induction of mitochondrial-related apoptosis. The G-1 treatment increased expression of p53 and its phosphorylation levels at Serine 15, promoted its nuclear translocation, and inhibited its ubiquitylation, which mediated the growth arrest effects on cell proliferation. Further, the G-1 induced sustained activation and nuclear translocation of ERK1/2, which was mediated by GPR30/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signals, also mediated its inhibition effects of G-1. With extensive use of siRNA-knockdown experiments and inhibitors, we found that upregulation of p21 by the cross-talk of GPR30/EGFR and p53 was also involved in G-1-induced cell growth arrest. In vivo experiments showed that G-1 treatment significantly suppressed the growth of SkBr3 xenograft tumors and increased the survival rate, associated with proliferation suppression and upregulation of p53, p21 while downregulation of cyclin B. The discovery of multiple signal pathways mediated the suppression effects of G-1 makes it a promising candidate drug and lays the foundation for future development of GPR30-based therapies for ER- breast cancer treatment.
Polymorphism of Natural Fatty Acid Liquid Crystalline Phases (2011)

We study the phase behavior in water of a mixture of natural long chain fatty acids (FAM) in association with ethylenediamine (EDA) and report a rich polymorphism depending on the composition. At a fixed EDA/FAM molar ratio, we observe upon dilution a succession of organized phases going from a lamellar phase to a hexagonal phase and, finally, to cylindrical micelles. The phase structure is established using polarizing microscopy, SAXS, and SANS. Interestingly, in the lamellar phase domain, we observe the presence of defects upon dilution, which SAXS shows to correspond to intrabilayer correlations. NMR and FF-TEM techniques suggest that these defects are related to an increase in the spontaneous curvature of the molecule monolayers in the lamellae. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was also used to investigate the degree of ionization within these assemblies. The successive morphological transitions are discussed with regards to possible molecular mechanisms, in which the interaction between the acid surfactant and the amine counterion plays the leading role.
Present County Government System - Best of All Possible Worlds (2015)

HEN THE Constitutional Convention ultimately convenes, it faces absolutely staggering problems.The most newsworthy of the problems will be an overhaul of the Articles having to do with the fiscal policy of the state.I am morally certain that the items that will be most closely watched by the public will be those involved with revenue, particularly, on what basis and how, taxes may be raised.Obviously, however, a great number of other constitutional articles are important in that they vitally involve the future development of government in Illinois, and because they quite directly affect the economics of all phases of government.The most significant level of government in our state is the county.Let me quote from the report of Professor Irving Howards of Southern Illinois University in his address of January, 1961 to the Assembly of Local Government at Monticello, Illinois:Historically, the county in Illinois, in common with counties throughout the United States, has been considered an administrative extension of the state.One of the more famous elaborations of this principle resulted from the decision in the case of Cook County v. Chicago in 1924, when the State Supreme Court declared that county and township organizations "are created in this State with a view to aid in carrying out the policy of the State at large, for the administration of matters of political government, finance, education, taxing, care of the poor, military organizations, means of travel, and the administration of justice."The Illinois county, in line with this dictum, does indeed perform basic functions for the state.Police protection, the prosecutor's office, the court system, the recorder of deeds, the county clerk, the county treasurer, and other offices all function under the auspices of county government.The con-* JUDGE BAUER is a member of the Illinois Bar, having received his J.D. from DePaul Law School.Before his election as
Unsupervised learning algorithm for high-speed defect detection in rails by laser/air-coupled non-contact ultrasonic testing (2006)

Recent train accidents and associated direct and indirect costs including cost of repair of equipment and infrastructure as well as delay and death/injury costs, have reaffirmed the need for developing rail defect detection systems more effective than those used today. In fact, rail defect detection has been identified as a priority area in the U.S. Federal Railroad Administration 5-year R&D plan. This paper proposes an unsupervised learning algorithm for defect detection in rails. The algorithm is used in a non-contact inspection system that is targeted to the detection of transverse-type cracks in the rail head (including transverse fissures and detail fractures), notoriously the most dangerous flaws in rails. The system uses ultrasonic guided waves that are generated by a pulsed laser and are detected by air-coupled sensors positioned as far away as 76 mm (3") from the top of rail head. The inspection ranges is at least 500 mm (20") for surface head cracks as shallow as 1 mm. Fast data output is achieved by processing the ultrasonic defect signatures by Wavelet Transform algorithms. The features extracted after wavelet processing are analyzed by a learning algorithm based on novelty detection. This algorithm attempts to detect the presence of damage despite the normal variations in ultrasonic signal features that may be found in a field test.
THE GENOMES OF THE HUMAN HERPESVIRUSES: Contents, Relationships, and Evolution (1989)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Isolation and Characterization of Human Antioxidized LDL Autoantibodies (1996)

Autoantibodies to oxidized LDL have been reported in normal subjects and in patients with arteriosclerosis, but their possible pathogenic role is not yet well defined. One important problem is the existence of contradictory data reported by different groups concerning the associations between antioxidized LDL autoantibodies and the presence or progression of arteriosclerotic lesions. Such contradictions led us to decide to isolate and characterize antioxidized LDL antibodies by affinity chromatography with the use of oxidized LDL cross-linked to Sepharose. Antioxidized LDL antibodies were isolated from selected serum samples obtained from eight subjects. Seven of them (six patients and one control subject) had high levels of antioxidized LDL antibody during screening. The other subject, a healthy volunteer, had a low level of antibody. All purified antibodies contained IgG (of subclasses 1 and 3) as the predominant isotype and were primarily specific for oxidized LDL but showed some cross-reactivity with malondialdehyde-modified LDL and native LDL. Two of the purified antibodies cross-reacted with cardiolipin. We determined average dissociation constants for the antioxidized LDL antibodies purified from five individuals, which varied between 2.4 x 10(-7) and 7.5 x 10(-7) mol/L, whereas the average dissociation constant of rabbit hyperimmune anti-LDL antibody was determined to be 2.7 x 10(-8) mol/L. In conclusion, we have purified human autoantibodies reactive with oxidized LDL that appear to be predominantly of moderate-to-low affinity and of variable cross-reactivity. The predominance of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies is significant from the standpoint of potential pathogenicity, since these two subclasses activate the classic complement pathway system and have the highest binding affinities for Fc gamma receptors on phagocytic cells.