gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed-Substituent <i>N</i>-Silylphosphoranimines (2002)

The preparation of a large series of new N-silyl-P-alkylphosphoranimines and their (silylamino)phosphine precursors is reported. Oxidative bromination of the P-functional (silylamino)phosphines, (Me3Si)2NP(R)X [R = n-Pr, n-Bu, i-Pr, t-Bu; X = Br, OR‘ (R‘ = CH2CF3, Ph)], occurred smoothly at 0 °C and afforded the desired P-bromophosphoranimines, Me3SiNP(R)(X)Br. Nucleophilic substitution reactions of the P-dibromo members of this series with LiOR‘ gave the corresponding P-trifluoroethoxy- and P-phenoxyphosphoranimines, Me3SiNP(R)(OR‘)2 (R‘ = CH2CF3, Ph). All of these N-silylphosphoranimines, which are potential precursors to new cyclic and/or polymeric phosphazenes, were obtained as thermally stable, distillable liquids and were characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, and 31P) spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Selective Metal-Site-Guided Arylation of Proteins (2016)

We describe palladium-mediated S-arylation that exploits natural metal-binding motifs to ensure high site selectivity for a proximal reactive residue. This allows the chemical identification not only of proteins that bind metals but also the environment of the metal-binding site itself through proteomic analysis of arylation sites. The transformation is easy to perform under standard conditions, does not require the isolation of a reactive Ar-Pd complex, is broad in scope, and is applicable in cell lysates as well as to covalent inhibition/modulation of metal-dependent enzymatic activity.
An open loop programmable amplifier with extended frequency range (1981)

The use of localized positive feedback and nonlinearity error correction has led to an `open loop' amplifier with a gain-bandwidth product up to 1 GHz using a conventional IC process. The circuit achieves a bandwidth of 20 MHz at a gain of 30, and a bandwidth of 10 MHz at a gain of 100. Linearity for a 1 V/SUB p-p/ output signal is 0.1 percent over a gain range that is programmable from zero to above 100.
The influence of wind and temperature gradients on sound propagation, calculated with the two-way wave equation (1990)

A method is introduced to calculate the influence of wind and temperature gradients in stratified media on sound propagating above an absorbing ground surface. It is based on the ‘‘two-way wave equation’’ for the Fourier transforms of the sound pressure P and its derivative V. The vector containing P and V is stepwise extrapolated through the medium in the direction perpendicular to the ground surface, fulfilling the boundary conditions at the ground surface, at a top level, and at the source height. The propagation equations for P and V appear as simple plane-wave equations, and computer (CPU) time within each layer is very low. Therefore, many thin layers (in the order of centimeters if desired) can be applied, and any complicated gradient can be used. Calculations for a homogeneous atmosphere, with a computer program based on this model, show an excellent agreement with previous models. When a wind profile is present, results are mainly compared with measurements by Parkin and Scholes [P. H. Parkin and W. E. Scholes, J. Sound Vib. 1, 1–13 (1964); 2, 353–374 (1964)]. They show very good agreement in the no-wind and downwind cases. In the upwind situation, agreement is very good below 500 Hz. Above this value the model does not predict sound to penetrate into the shadow region, while Parkin and Scholes found (low) sound levels.
Evaluation of Disinfectant Efficacy When Applied to the Floor of Poultry Grow-Out Facilities (2005)

A common practice is to wash and disinfect poultry grow-out barns after used litter has been removed. Because the floor of poultry barns includes the presence of soil and organic matter, a study was conducted to determine if disinfectants are effective in reducing bacterial and fungal populations. Commercial broiler houses were chosen as the test sites for the field trials. After the litter was removed from the facility, the floor was swept clean in the middle of the barn and between feed and water lines. Floor plots (1 ft2) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 disinfectant treatments. The disinfectants evaluated were a phenolic compound, a quaternary ammonium compound, a nascent oxygen compound, and a compound that contains potassium peroxymonosulfate and sodium chloride as the active ingredients. Laboratory trials were also conducted to test the same 4 disinfectants. Nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium (NAL-SAL) was inoculated onto sterile topsoil in metal pans. Each disinfectant was applied as a coarse spray (field trials) or via pipette (laboratory trials), and surface samples were taken over time. Samples were cultured to determine total aerobic bacterial plate counts, yeast and mold counts, and the prevalence of Campylobacter spp., and Salmonella spp., for the field trials, whereas the laboratory trial samples were cultured for populations of NAL-SAL. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Campylobacter for any of the treated plots compared with the control plots for the field trials. Significant microbial population reductions were observed for most of the disinfectants tested in both field and laboratory trials. Results indicate that disinfectant type, application rate, time of exposure, and organic matter can impact total aerobic bacterial, yeast and mold, and Salmonella populations on the surface of soil.
Epitaxygens: mesophases based on the triptycene molecular subunit (1990)

Two examples of triptycene-based epitaxygens, in which aliphatic chains and aromatic cores form symmetry compatible lamellar lattices, have been synthesized and their mesomorphic properties have been studied.
Chronic Hemodialysis Using Venipuncture and a Surgically Created Arteriovenous Fistula (1966)

THE success of chronic hemodialysis in terminal renal failure depends on repeated access to blood vessels that will provide a continuous flow of up to 250 to 300 ml. per minute.A technic was developed for the permanent implantation of cannulas into an artery and vein of the forearm. Between dialyses, patency of these blood vessels depends on maintaining circulation between artery and vein by means of a Teflon-Silastic loop, creating an external arteriovenous fistula. The surgical technic required for the successful implantation of these catheters has been described.1 , 2 This prosthesis is now used by virtually all centers engaged in . . .
Resection of residual disease in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors responding to treatment with imatinib (2005)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Long-term survival of patients with metastatic disease has only been observed in patients with completely resected disease. Recently, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib has been found to yield responses in the majority of patients with metastatic GIST suggesting improved resectability in responding patients. Combined treatment approaches including resective surgery after imatinib treatment in patients with advanced metastatic disease have rarely been explored. We report a series of 90 patients with metastatic GIST in whom treatment with imatinib enabled 12 patients with mostly recurrent and extensive disease to be considered for resection of residual disease. In 11 of these patients, complete resection could be achieved. Viable tumor cells were found in all but one resected specimens suggesting that despite favorable radiological or clinical responses, imatinib is unlikely to induce pathological complete responses. Until more mature data from prospective trials are available, these data suggest that an early aggressive surgical approach should be considered for all patients with metastatic GIST. Further trials investigating a combined surgical and pre/postoperative treatment with imatinib in patients with advanced metastatic GIST are warranted.
Behaviour of Cellulose Ethers when used as Anti-redeposition Agents during Washing: Relationship Between the Deposition and the Zeta Potential of Polyester-cotton using Different Finishes (1993)

This paper examines the behaviour of various cellulose ethers (HPMC, HBMC and MHEC) compared to the traditional CMC product, when they are used as anti-redeposition agents for carbon black on standard polyester-cotton fabric treated with the following finishes: a cross-linked (reactant) resin (DMDHEU), a water-repellent finish (a condensation product of N-methylol urea and a fatty acid) and microemulsified aminosilicone. This paper also shows the influence of the zeta potential of the above finished fabric in the presence of the washing solutions to establish the relationship to the deposition results obtained. The washing of the above fabric finished by one anionic surfactant (SDBS) and one non-ionic surfactant (Trion X-100) in the respective molar proportions of 1:0 and 0.6:0.4 at different total concentrations has been made by the application of NTA as a builder.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration: A Cytopathologist's Perspective (2003)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is used to detect and delineate the extent of lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, periluminal lymph nodes, pancreas and hepatobiliary tree, left kidney, spleen, and adrenal glands. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has added a new dimension to the capabilities of EUS because it permits characterization of the lesion, thereby enabling triage of patients for more efficient and effective management. This review focuses on the advantages and limitations of EUS-FNA, including a discussion of potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of commonly aspirated deep-seated lesions, such as those of the pancreas and lymph nodes. It also addresses the practical considerations associated with establishing an effective service and the importance of an integrated approach in which the cytopathologist undertakes a key role, interacting extensively with the endoscopist and the patient management team. EUS-FNA is a sensitive modality that enables specific and accurate diagnosis of deep-seated lesions. Samples can be obtained effectively from small lesions (< 25 mm), irrespective of the organ site. On-site assessment permits a highly accurate preliminary diagnosis of malignancy for samples obtained by EUS-FNA and provides an opportunity to increase the diagnostic yield of samples.
The Bps polysaccharide of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> promotes colonization and biofilm formation in the nose by functioning as an adhesin (2010)

Many respiratory pathogens establish persistent infection or a carrier state in the human nasopharynx without overt disease symptoms but the presence of these in the lungs usually results in disease. Although the anatomy and microenvironments between nasopharynx and lungs are different, a virulence factor with an organ-specific function in the colonization of the nasopharynx is unknown. In contrast to the severity of pertussis and mortality in non-vaccinated young children, Bordetella pertussis results in milder and prolonged cough in vaccinated adolescents and adults. Individuals harbouring bacteria in the nasopharynx serve as reservoirs for intrafamilial and nosocomial transmission. We show that the Bps polysaccharide of B. pertussis is critical for initial colonization of the mouse nose and the trachea but not of the lungs. Our data reveal a biofilm lifestyle for B. pertussis in the nose and the requirement of Bps in this developmental process. Bps functions as an adhesin by promoting adherence of B. pertussis and Escherichia coli to human nasal but not to human lung epithelia. Patient serum specifically recognized Bps suggesting its expression during natural human infections. We describe the first bacterial factor that exhibits a differential role in colonization and adherence between the nasopharynx and the lungs.
Helicobacter pylori and gastroesophageal reflux disease (2014)

Gastric atrophy is the most widely accepted mechanism by which the distal esophagus is protected from abnormal acid exposure in patients with H. pylori infection. The clinical impact of H. pylori infection on the prevalence of erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus remains a matter of debate. In areas with a high prevalence of H. pylori-induced atrophic gastritis, the protection that this infection may afford against gastroesophageal reflux disease is not comparable to the risk that H. pylori poses for the development of gastric cancer.
Low-molecular-weight acid phosphatase (ACP1), obesity, and blood lipid levels in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (1997)

Low-molecular-weight acid phosphatase (ACP1) is a polymorphic protein-tyrosine phosphatase present in all human tissues, including adipocytes. A positive association between the low-activity ACP1*A/*A genotype and extreme body mass index has previously been shown by us in obese subjects from the population of Rome. We have now studied a sample of 265 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) from another Italian population. There is a significant interaction between ACP1, body mass index, and blood lipid level. A highly significant positive association between ACP1*A/*A and high body mass index similar to that previously observed in obese subjects from the population of Rome is present only in those NIDDM subjects with blood lipid levels within the normal range. In NIDDM subjects the low-activity ACP1*A/*A variant seems to favor the increase of body mass or blood lipid levels or both. The pattern of association is independent of sex, age at survey, age at onset of diabetes, duration of disease, and therapy.
Serum Cystatin C Reliably Detects Renal Dysfunction in Patients with Various Renal Diseases (2002)

A clinical investigation was conducted to clarify the reliability and efficacy of serum cystatin C measurement for estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Two hundred twelve patients with various renal diseases enrolled in the study. All patients were evaluated for 24-hour creatinine clearance (24 h C(Cr)) and the standard sodium thiosulfate clearance test (C(Thio)) within a week of blood sample collection. Serum cystatin C concentration was determined by a particle-enhanced immunonephelometry method. C(Thio) and 1/cystatin C, 24 h C(Cr), 1/beta2-microglobulin and 1/creatinine were well correlated. The correlation coefficients for C(Thio) obtained by 24 h C(Cr) and 1/cystatin C were comparable to each other (0.701 vs. 0.679). Receiver-operated characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that 24 h C(Cr) showed the highest area under the curve when C(Thio) = 60 ml/min or C(Thio) = 100 ml/min were applied as the discrimination point. However, the ROC value obtained by cystatin C was slightly greater than 24 h C(Cr) when C(Thio) = 80 ml/min was used as the discrimination point. Patient age, gender, glucose tolerance, presence of proteinuria, systemic inflammation, lupus, or systemic use of steroids did not interfere in the relationship between C(Thio) and 1/cystatin C. In conclusion, serum cystatin C measurement is an excellent diagnostic test for detecting patients with subclinical renal dysfunction.
A Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Transforming Growth Factor β Type I Receptor Kinase (SM16) Inhibits Murine Mesothelioma Tumor Growth <i>In vivo</i> and Prevents Tumor Recurrence after Surgical Resection (2007)

Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive and lethal pleural cancer that overexpresses transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta). We investigated the efficacy of a novel small-molecule TGFbeta type I receptor (ALK5) kinase inhibitor, SM16, in the AB12 syngeneic model of malignant mesothelioma. SM16 inhibited TGFbeta signaling seen as decreased phosphorylated Smad2/3 levels in cultured AB12 cells (IC(50), approximately 200 nmol/L). SM16 penetrated tumor cells in vivo, suppressing tumor phosphorylated Smad2/3 levels for at least 3 h following treatment of tumor-bearing mice with a single i.p. bolus of 20 mg/kg SM16. The growth of established AB12 tumors was significantly inhibited by 5 mg/kg/d SM16 (P < 0.001) delivered via s.c. miniosmotic pumps over 28 days. The efficacy of SM16 was a result of a CD8+ antitumor response because (a) the antitumor effects were markedly diminished in severe combined immunodeficient mice and (b) CD8+ T cells isolated from spleens of mice treated with SM16 showed strong antitumor cytolytic effects whereas CD8+ T cells isolated from spleens of tumor-bearing mice treated with control vehicle showed minimal activity. Treatment of mice bearing large tumors with 5 mg/kg/d SM16 after debulking surgery reduced the extent of tumor recurrence from 80% to <20% (P < 0.05). SM16 was also highly effective in blocking and regressing tumors when given p.o. at doses of 0.45 or 0.65 g/kg in mouse chow. Thus, SM16 shows potent activity against established AB12 malignant mesothelioma tumors using an immune-mediated mechanism and can significantly prevent tumor recurrence after resection of bulky AB12 malignant mesothelioma tumors. These data suggest that ALK5 inhibitors, such as SM16, offer significant potential for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma and possibly other cancers.
Performance Analysis of Algorithms for Coordination of Earth Observation by CubeSat Constellations (2016)

Two algorithms that coordinate activities across a resource-constrained, Earth-observing CubeSat constellation are presented. The Resource-Aware SmallSat Planner algorithm performs online planning of activities for a satellite while keeping the satellite’s resources within constraints. The Limited Communication Constellation Coordinator algorithm performs coordination of observations across the constellation to reduce average revisit times for a set of targets. The algorithms are simulated for 24 h with an 18 satellite Low Earth Orbit constellation. Three orbital geometries are examined, with different configurations of intersatellite and satellite-to-ground communications links to share planning information. Results indicate that coordination through Resource-Aware SmallSat Planner/Limited Communication Constellation Coordinator and a background communications constellation improves observation performance, with sensor-averaged revisit times of 197, 203, and 225 min (over three orbital geometries) versus 204, 211, and 240 min for a baseline random sensor selection method. The results also reveal that the constellations studied perform poorly at sharing planning information via only downlinks and crosslinks and point to the need for a method of calculating the information sharing utility of such links in a coordinated constellation. These findings are relevant for Federated Satellite Systems because they provide guidance on next steps toward integrating large networks of heterogeneous small satellites into large-scale, coordinated, Earth-observing systems.
Replication initiates at multiple locations on an autonomously replicating plasmid in human cells. (1991)

We have used a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis mapping technique to determine where DNA replication initiates on a plasmid which utilizes a fragment of human DNA to replicate autonomously in human cells. Replication was found to initiate at multiple locations on the plasmid carrying the human sequence, in contrast to the pattern seen for an Epstein-Barr virus vector which served as a control with a fixed origin. The family of repeats, a portion of the Epstein-Barr virus origin of replication which is present our plasmid, was shown to function as a replication fork barrier. The nature of the stalled replicative intermediates on the human DNA-based plasmid further indicated that replication did not initiate at a single fixed position each time the plasmid replicated. The results suggest that the replication apparatus used to duplicate DNA in human cells may not have precise sequence requirements which target initiation to specific locations.
Basic mechanisms underlying the production of photochemical lesions in the mammalian retina (1984)

Extended exposure (100s) of the macaque retina to blue light (400-500nm) produces a photochemical type or types of lesion. The basic mechanisms responsible for such photic damage are unknown but the toxic combination of light and oxygen leading to the free radicals O-.2, H2O2, OH., and O2(1 delta) have been suggested as a possible source of the phototoxicity. To test this hypothesis, the radiant exposure (J. cm-2) to short wavelength light (435-445nm) required for minimal damage in the macaque retina is under investigation as a function of oxygenation and after administration of substances known to either inhibit/scavenge radicals or act as anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant agents. Substances under study include beta-carotene, steroids, catalase and SOD. Here we report radiant exposure in J.cm-2 needed to produce a minimal lesion vs oxygenation as measured by partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood (Po2). There is a sharp drop in the radiant exposure threshold with increase in the partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood, e.g. 30 J.cm-2 at 75 torr to 10 J.cm-2 at 271 torr, a factor of 3. Methylprednisolone injected intravenously one hour before exposure (125 mg) has been shown to raise the threshold for retinal damage in two macaques by a factor of approximately 2. Another animal fed beta-carotene (7.5 mg daily) over a period of 3 months has been exposed to blue light at several levels of oxygenation. The results suggest a protective effect.
Effects of Oral and Transdermal Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Markers of Coagulation, Fibrinolysis, Inflammation and Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Postmenopausal Women (2001)

We compared the effects of oral estradiol (2 mg), transdermal estradiol (50 microg), and placebo on measures of coagulation, fibrinolysis, inflammation and serum lipids and lipoproteins in 27 postmenopausal women at baseline and after 2 and 12 weeks of treatment. Oral and transdermal estradiol induced similar increases in serum free estradiol concentrations. Oral therapy increased the plasma concentrations of factor VII antigen (FVIIag) and activated factor VII (FVIIa), and the plasma concentration of the prothrombin activation marker prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2). Oral but not transdermal estradiol therapy significantly lowered plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen concentrations and PAI-1 activity, and increased D-dimer concentrations, suggesting increased fibrinolysis. The concentration of soluble E-selectin decreased and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) increased significantly in the oral but not in the transdermal or placebo groups. In the oral but not in the transdermal or placebo estradiol groups low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein (a) concentrations decreased while high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein All concentrations increased significantly. LDL particle size remained unchanged. In summary, oral estradiol increased markers of fibrinolytic activity, decreased serum soluble E-selectin levels and induced potentially antiatherogenic changes in lipids and lipoproteins. In contrast to these beneficial effects, oral estradiol changed markers of coagulation towards hypercoagulability, and increased serum CRP concentrations. Transdermal estradiol or placebo had no effects on any of these parameters. These data demonstrate that oral estradiol does not have uniformly beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk markers and that the oral route of estradiol administration rather than the circulating free estradiol concentration is critical for any changes to be observed.