gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled Oxidation of Hydrocarbons by the Membrane-Bound Methane Monooxygenase: The Case for a Tricopper Cluster (2008)

[Figure: see text]. The growing need for inexpensive methods to convert methane to methanol has sparked considerable interest in methods that catalyze this process. The integral membrane protein particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) mediates the facile conversion of methane to methanol in methanotrophic bacteria. Most evidence indicates that pMMO is a multicopper enzyme, and these copper ions support redox, dioxygen, and oxo-transfer chemistry. However, the exact identity of the copper species that mediates the oxo-transfer chemistry remains an area of intense debate. This highly complex enzyme is notoriously difficult to purify because of its instability outside the lipid bilayer and tendency to lose its essential metal cofactors. For this reason, pMMO has resisted both initial identification and subsequent isolation and purification for biochemical and biophysical characterization. In this Account, we describe evidence that pMMO is a multicopper protein. Its unique trinuclear copper cluster mediates dioxygen chemistry and O-atom transfer during alkane hydroxylation. Although a recent crystal structure did not show this tricopper cluster, we provide compelling evidence for such a cluster through redox potentiometry and EPR experiments on the "holo" enzyme in pMMO-enriched membranes. We also identify a site in the structure of pMMO that could accommodate this cluster. A hydrophobic pocket capable of harboring pentane, the enzyme's largest known substrate, lies adjacent to this site. In addition, we have designed and synthesized model tricopper clusters to provide further chemical evidence that a tricopper cluster mediates the enzyme's oxo-transfer chemistry. These biomimetic models exhibit similar spectroscopic properties and chemical reactivity to the putative tricopper cluster in pMMO. Based on computational analysis using density functional theory (DFT), triangular tricopper clusters are capable of harnessing a "singlet oxene" upon activation by dioxygen. An oxygen atom is then inserted via a concerted process into the C-H bond of an alkane in the transition state during hydroxylation. The turnover frequency and kinetic isotope effect predicted by DFT show excellent agreement with experimental data.
Narrowing the size distribution of the polymer acid improves PANI conductivity (2008)

By narrowing the size distribution of the polymer acid template, polyaniline (PANI) that is subsequently template synthesized exhibits enhanced conductivity. We used poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid), PAAMPSA, as the polymer acid and it was synthesized by both conventional free-radical polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). ATRP-derived PAAMPSA, or aPAAMPSA, has a narrower size distribution compared to conventional PAAMPSA at comparable molecular weights. In general, PANI–aPAAMPSA is two to three times as conductive as PANI–PAAMPSA. The enhanced conductivity of PANI–aPAAMPSA is strongly correlated with increases in the conjugation length and crystallinity of PANI. More surprisingly, PANI–aPAAMPSA adopts a crystal structure that is different from that of PANI–PAAMPSA, but one that is similar to that of PANI doped with a molecular acid counterpart of AAMPSA.
Design and Validation of a High Energy Density Elastic Accumulator Using Polyurethane (2009)

Hydraulic accumulators (HAs) have been used successfully in regenerative braking systems by companies such as Ford and Eaton Corp. to increase fuel efficiency of heavy vehicles by as much as 25–35%. However, the relatively low gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of conventional HAs prohibit their use in average-sized passenger vehicles. In an attempt to address this problem, an elastomer will be used to construct a HA that will use strain as the primary energy storing mechanism. By using strain in the composition material, as opposed to compression of a precharged gas, this accumulator should virtually eliminate heat losses due to extended holding times. Because its gravimetric and volumetric elastic energy storage density values are among the highest of any material, polyurethane was the elastomer chosen as the constituent material. Using a curable type of polyurethane, an α-prototype is currently being manufactured to provide empirical data for validation.
Blind Separation of Excavator Noise Based on Independent Component Analysis (2011)

In order to identify excavator noise sources under non-laboratory environment, noise signals in frequency domain were separated based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Firstly, experiments were carried out in a manufacture plant and excavator noise signals were acquired, which had been interfered with by drastic echo and background noise. Secondly, signals in time domain were transformed into frequency domain via Fourier transform (FT), so that convolution mixtures were turned into linear mixtures. Thirdly, these linear mixtures were separated into principal components by Fast fixed- point independent component analysis (FICA). Finally, a comparison of principal components and the result of Ansys modal analysis was conducted. Research shows that separation of excavator noise signals based on ICA in frequency domain is effective, and noise sources can be identified properly by comparing basic frequencies of independent components with the result of modal analysis.
Keyphrase extraction-based query expansion in digital libraries (2006)

In pseudo-relevance feedback, the two key factors affecting the retrieval performance most are the source from which expansion terms are generated and the method of ranking those expansion terms. In this paper, we present a novel unsupervised query expansion technique that utilizes keyphrases and POS phrase categorization. The keyphrases are extracted from the retrieved documents and weighted with an algorithm based on information gain and co-occurrence of phrases. The selected keyphrases are translated into Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF) based on the POS phrase categorization technique for better query refomulation. Furthermore, we study whether ontologies such as WordNet and MeSH improve the retrieval performance in conjunction with the keyphrases. We test our techniques on TREC 5, 6, and 7 as well as a MEDLINE collection. The experimental results show that the use of keyphrases with POS phrase categorization produces the best average precision.
Reproduction and development. (1998)

The currently developed and validated in vitro tests for female and male fertility and also for developmental toxicity are described and evaluated according to their potential use as screening or replacement alternatives to the established in vivo tests in reproductive and developmental toxicology. Alternative methods today can only be used to evaluate a few specific components of the integrated reproductive functions in both females and males. However, in the field of developmental toxicity testing there is a strong theoretical and empirical basis for the predictive power of in vitro screens using mammalian embryos as well as embryonic cells and tissues. Several of these assays have been validated or are currently undergoing validation in several laboratories and are > 80% concordant with in vivo results. Failure to achieve 100% accuracy reflects the inherent limitations of these systems, which are manageable, as the concordance rates are still good. The level of concordance suggests that these assays are adequate for screening purposes to complement traditional in vivo testing. The use of these assays as screens will save valuable in vivo testing resources for those compounds most likely to enter the market and to which people will be exposed.
On the Control and Properties of Supercoiled Polymer Artificial Muscles (2017)

Robotics have long sought an actuation technology comparable to or as capable as biological muscle tissue. Natural muscles exhibit a high power-to-weight ratio, inherent compliance and damping, fast action, and a high dynamic range. They also produce joint displacements and forces without the need for gearing or additional hardware. Recently, supercoiled commercially available polymer threads (sewing thread or nylon fishing lines) have been used to create significant mechanical power in a muscle-like form factor. Heating and cooling the polymer threads causes contraction and expansion, which can be utilized for actuation. In this paper, we describe the working principle of supercoiled polymer (SCP) actuation and explore the controllability and properties of these threads. We show that under appropriate environmental conditions, the threads are suitable as a building block for a controllable artificial muscle. We leverage off-the-shelf silver-coated threads to enable rapid electrical heating while the low thermal mass allows for rapid cooling. We utilize both thermal and thermomechanical models for feed-forward and feedback control. The resulting SCP actuator regulates to desired force levels in as little as 28 ms. Together with its inherent stiffness and damping, this is sufficient for a position controller to execute large step movements in under 100 ms. This controllability, high performance, the mechanical properties, and the extremely low material cost are indicative of a viable artificial muscle.
Localization and characterization of the acrosomal antigen recognized by GB24 on human spermatozoa (1990)

GB24, a mouse monoclonal antibody, recognizes a trophoblast-leukocyte cross-reactive antigen (TLX), which is likely identical to the membrane cofactor protein (MCP), a complement regulatory protein. GB24 reacts also with a human acrosomal sperm antigen (Fénichel et al.: J Reprod Fertil 87:699-706, 1989). By immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase, testicular, epididymal, and ejaculated spermatozoa were found to be positive after fixation by acetone. Motile, suspended spermatozoa became positive only through conditions known to induce acrosome reaction (A23187, follicular fluid, contact with oocytes). Ultrastructural studies with immunogold staining localized this protein on the inner acrosome membrane and in the acrosomal content. By SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, GB24 immunoprecipitated a unique protein of 48 kDa from capacitated and A23187-induced spermatozoa under reducing conditions. No cross-reactivity was found with mouse, boar, or ram spermatozoa. Localization of this human sperm antigen recognized by GB24 and its similarity with the TLX-MCP family antigens would suggest a possible role of this molecule during fertilization in sperm-egg binding or immune protection.
Development of a Millimeter-Wave Ferrite-Filled Antisymmetrically Biased Rectangular Waveguide Phase Shifter Embedded in Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramic (2004)

The theory of a new ferrite-filled rectangular waveguide phase shifter is presented, showing that the device offers more than twice the maximum phase shift of a classical dual-slab ferrite-loaded waveguide phase shifter. The complete analytical field derivation of the new phase shifter is presented. The prototype 36-GHz phase shifter has been completely embedded in an uncharacterized experimental low-temperature cofired ferrite ceramic material, essentially becoming an integral part of a chip package. The fabricated prototype is only 3.5-cm long, 5-mm wide, and 1-mm high. Preliminary measurements of the nonoptimized prototype reveal a controllable, nonreciprocal phase shift of 52.8/spl deg/ at 36 GHz for a bias current of 500 mA, and an insertion loss of approximately 3.6 dB, including transition loss. This paper marks the first time that a ferrite waveguide phase shifter has been realized as a lightweight, compact, and rugged module that can be easily mass produced at low cost. Since it is embedded in a package, the phase shifter can be readily integrated with other active and passive system components that would ideally be contained within the same package.
COMBINED ORCHIECTOMY AND EXTERNAL RADIOTHERAPY VERSUS RADIOTHERAPY ALONE FOR NONMETASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER WITH OR WITHOUT PELVIC LYMPH NODE INVOLVEMENT: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED STUDY (1998)

The progression-free, disease specific and overall survival rates for patients with prostate cancer and pelvic lymph node involvement are significantly better after combined androgen ablation and radiotherapy than after radiotherapy alone. These results strongly suggest that early androgen deprivation is better than deferred endocrine treatment for these patients.
Liver transplantation and transthyretin amyloidosis (2012)

Liver transplantation as a specific treatment of transthyretin amyloidosis was first performed in 1990. The rationale for this treatment was that removal of the source (liver) of the amyloid precursor protein (mutated transthyretin) would stop progression of the disease. Indeed, after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), mutant transthyretin (TTR) is rapidly cleared from circulation. In the last 20 years, >2000 familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) patients have received liver transplants. For these patients, prospective monitoring has shown prolongation of life compared with FAP patients who have not undergone liver transplantation. The most favorable results have been for FAP patients with the Val30Met TTR mutation. Less favorable results have been seen for patients with other TTR mutations where progression of amyloid tissue deposition has been documented as the result of amyloid fibril formation from normal (wild-type) TTR. Although it is obvious that OLT has benefited many FAP patients, there remains a need for further therapies.
Windows NT 3.5的三维图形接口介绍 (1995)

在计算机领域,就象生活中一样,我们并不是大踏步地跳跃前进,而是循序渐进。奔腾处理器、图形用户界面、加速显示卡、可以代你写信的字处理器……想想看,哪一个不是建立在前面的技术基础之上的?所以,当一种崭新的技术出现时,它就会格外引人注目。Microsoft WindowsNT 35的OpenGL就是这样一种技术。
Plasma sprayed Fe76Nd16B8 permanent magnets (1986)

Thin coatings (0.16 mm) and thick coatings (0.50 mm) of Fe76Nd16B8 were deposited on stainless-steel substrates by low pressure plasma spraying. Microscopic examination of the coatings in a light microscope revealed excessive porosity, but good bonding to the substrate. Fracture cross sections examined in a scanning electron microscope showed the grains to be equiaxed and approximately 1 μm or less in diameter in the as-sprayed condition. The intrinsic coercivities of the as-sprayed coatings varied from 5.8 to 10.9 kOe. The effects of post-spray heat treatments on the intrinsic coercivity are also given.
Direct Evidence for the Presence of Histidine in the Active Center of Chymotrypsin<sup>*</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect Evidence for the Presence of Histidine in the Active Center of Chymotrypsin*Guenther Schoellmann and Elliott ShawCite this: Biochemistry 1963, 2, 2, 252–255Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00902a008https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00902a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views806Altmetric-Citations478LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The LIM protein, CRP1, is a smooth muscle marker (1999)

LIM domains are double zinc-finger motifs found in many proteins that play central roles in cell differentiation. Members of the cysteine-rich protein (CRP) family display two LIM domains and are implicated in muscle development. Here we describe the characterization of one member of this family, CRP1, in the mouse. We have isolated and sequenced murine cDNAs that encode CRP1. We have determined by Northern analysis and in situ hybridization that CRP1 expression is developmentally regulated in the embryonic mouse and displays organ specific regulation in adults. The gene encoding CRP1 is expressed in the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the dorsal aorta at E9.5, thus illustrating that CRP1 is an early marker for SMC differentiation at that site. As development proceeds, CRP1 transcripts are observed throughout the SMC lineage, with minimal, transient expression detected in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Interestingly, although several markers of mature smooth muscle are already expressed, CRP1 expression in the bladder is not upregulated until the onset of bladder expansion at embryonic day 16.5, at which time its expression becomes very prominent. CRP1 expression persists into adulthood with prominent expression observed in both vascular and visceral smooth muscle. The results reported here define CRP1 as a general marker of smooth muscle lineages. Dev Dyn 1999;214:229–238. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evidence for STIM1‐ and Orail‐dependent storeoperated calcium influx through <i>I</i> <sub>CRAC</sub> in vascular smooth muscle cells: role in proliferation and migration (2009)

The identity of store-operated calcium (Ca(2+)) entry (SOCE) channels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remains a highly contentious issue. Whereas previous studies have suggested that SOCE in VSMCs is mediated by the nonselective transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 1 protein, the identification of STIM1 and Orai1 as essential components of I(CRAC), a highly Ca(2+)-selective SOCE current in leukocytes, has challenged that view. Here we show that cultured proliferative migratory VSMCs isolated from rat aorta (called "synthetic") display SOCE with classic features, namely inhibition by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, ML-9, and low concentrations of lanthanides. On store depletion, synthetic VSMCs and A7r5 cells display currents with characteristics of I(CRAC). Protein knockdown of either STIM1 or Orai1 in synthetic VSMCs greatly reduced SOCE, whereas Orai2, Orai3, TRPC1, TRPC4, and TRPC6 knockdown had no effect. Orai1 knockdown reduced I(CRAC) in synthetic VSMCs and A7r5 cells. Synthetic VSMCs showed up-regulated STIM1/Orai1 proteins and SOCE compared with quiescent freshly isolated VSMC. Knockdown of STIM1 and Orai1 inhibited synthetic VSMC proliferation and migration, whereas STIM2, Orai2, and Orai3 knockdown had no effect. To our knowledge, these results are the first to show I(CRAC) in VSMCs and resolve a long-standing controversy by identifying CRAC as the elusive VSMC SOCE channel important for proliferation and migration.
Thermally Cross‐Linkable Hole Transport Polymers for Solution‐Based Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2014)

Two thermally cross-linkable hole transport polymers that contain phenoxazine and triphenylamine moieties, X-P1 and X-P2, are developed for use in solution-processed multi-stack organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Both X-P1 and X-P2 exhibit satisfactory cross-linking and optoelectronic properties. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of X-P1 and X-P2 are -5.24 and -5.16 eV, respectively. Solution-processed super yellow polymer devices (ITO/X-P1 or X-P2/PDY-132/LiF/Al) with X-P1 or X-P2 hole transport layers of various thicknesses are fabricated with the aim of optimizing the device characteristics. The fabricated multi-stack yellow devices containing the newly synthesized hole transport polymers exhibit satisfactory currents and power efficiencies. The optimized X-P2 device exhibits a device efficiency that is dramatically improved by more than 66% over that of a reference device without an HTL.
Synthesis of YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8</sub> Powders by Sol-Gel Method under Ambient Pressure (1990)

The 124 superconductor YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 was synthesized using a sol-gel method with starting solutions contained stoichiometric compositions of Y/Ba/Cu=1/2/3 and 1/2/4. Heattreatment was done below 800°C in 1 atm oxygen atmosphere; neither special equipment nor additives were required. Our result suggests that the 123 phase is thermodynamically metastable in the temperature region that had been thought to be the equilibrium region of 123-orthorhombic phase.
Determination of Flavor Threshold Levels and Sub‐Threshold, Additive, and Concentration Effects (1968)

SUMMARY— The flavor threshold concentrations were determined for 23 compounds composing an artificial peach beverage base. The threshold levels ranged from 52 ppm to 0.4 ppb. The threshold values were used in sub‐threshold, additive sub‐threshold, and concentration trials. Sub‐threshold and additive sub‐threshold effects resulted from only a few of the flavor combinations tried. Change in concentration of one compound in a mixture of six compounds was not readily detectable organoleptically. The difference in concentration could be detected gas chromatographically, but only if the mixtures were extracted with pentane and concentrated. By dividing the respective threshold values into the amount of each compound present in the beverage, a factor was calculated, called the “unit flavor base,” which indicated the relative importance of each compound as a flavor substance in the peach beverage. By dividing the gas chromatographic peak heights by the respective threshold values, gas chromatographic response was weighted for flavor importance. When the unit flavor base and weighted gas chromatographic response were converted into logarithms, the relation between the values was nearly linear. The correlation coefficient was 0.8691 (significant @ 0.01).
Slip-knot flexor tendon suture in Zone II allowing immediate mobilisation. (1983)

Immediate mobilisation after flexor tendon suture produces a conflict between the muscle force and resistance of the sutures. Sutures within the tendon after repair are weak and need contrived measures (e.g. wrist and metacarpophalangeal flexion, rubber bands etc.) to prevent dehiscence, while pull-out sutures do not allow mobilisation because of their anchorage. A new technique is presented which consists of a simple slip-knot suture which transmits the tension generated by the muscle to the distal tendon stump and its bony insertion, allowing immediate mobilisation. Results in ninety eight cases repaired by this technique during nine years are presented.
Isolated Hexanuclear Hydroxo Lanthanide Secondary Building Units in a Rare-Earth Polymeric Framework Based on <i>p</i>-Sulfonatocalix[4]arene (2009)

RPF9 is a new family of catalytically active metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) prepared with rare-earth elements and p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene, hexanuclear hydroxo lanthanide clusters forming the secondary building units in an open-framework with two-dimensional channels. The synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of sorption properties and catalytic activity of this new rare-earth polymeric framework type are here described.
Double nucleophilic addition of carbon donors to [(benzene)(arene)Ru]2+ cations (1990)

The nucleophiles MeLi and PhLi add cleanly to both rings in [(η6-C6H6)(η6-arene)Ru]2+(arene = C6H6, C6H3Me3, C6H3Pri3, C6Me6) to yield bis(η5-cyclohexadienyl) complexes; [(η4-cyclohexadiene)(arene)Ru] complexes are not formed.