gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light-stimulated accumulation of transcripts of nuclear and chloroplast genes for ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase. (1981)

The chloroplast enzyme, ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase, consists of large subunit polypeptides encoded in the chloroplast genome and small subunit polypeptides encoded in the nuclear genome. Cloned DNA complementary to the small subunit mRNA hybridizes to a single RNA species of 900-1000 nucleotides in both total and poly(A)-containing RNA from leaves of Pisum sativum, but does not hybridize to chloroplast RNA. Small subunit cDNA hybridizes to at least three RNA species from nuclei, two of which are of higher molecular weight than the mature mRNA. A cloned large subunit DNA sequence hybridizes to a single species of Pisum chloroplast RNA containing approximately 1700 nucleotides, but does not hybridize to nuclear RNA. The light-stimulation of carboxylase accumulation reflects increases in the amounts of transcripts for both subunits in total leaf RNA. Transcripts of the small subunit gene are more abundant in nuclear RNA from light-grown leaves than in that from dark-grown leaves. These results suggest that the stimulation of carboxylase accumulation by light is mediated at the level of either transcription or RNA turnover in both nucleus and chloroplast.
<i>SIRE-1</i> , a <i>copia/Ty1</i> -like retroelement from soybean, encodes a retroviral envelope-like protein (1998)

The soybean genome hosts a family of several hundred, relatively homogeneous copies of a large, copia/Ty1-like retroelement designated SIRE-1. A copy of this element has been recovered from a Glycine max genomic library. DNA sequence analysis of two SIRE-1 subclones revealed that SIRE-1 contains a long, uninterrupted, ORF between the 3' end of the pol ORF and the 3' long terminal repeat (LTR), a region that harbors the env gene in retroviral genomes. Conceptual translation of this second ORF produces a 70-kDa protein. Computer analyses of the amino acid sequence predicted patterns of transmembrane domains, alpha-helices, and coiled coils strikingly similar to those found in mammalian retroviral envelope proteins. In addition, a 65-residue, proline-rich domain is characterized by a strong amino acid compositional bias virtually identical to that of the 60-amino acid, proline-rich neutralization domain of the feline leukemia virus surface protein. The assignment of SIRE-1 to the copia/Ty1 family was confirmed by comparison of the conceptual translation of its reverse transcriptase-like domain with those of other retroelements. This finding suggests the presence of a proretrovirus in a plant genome and is the strongest evidence to date for the existence of a retrovirus-like genome closely related to copia/Ty1 retrotransposons.
Contention-Based Nonminimal Adaptive Routing in High-Radix Networks (2015)

Adaptive routing is an efficient congestion avoidance mechanism for modern Data enter and HPC networks. Congestion detection traditionally relies on the occupancy of the router queues. However, this approach can hinder performance due to coarse-grain measurements with small buffers, and potential routing oscillations with large buffers. We introduce an alternative mechanism, labelled Contention-Based Adaptive Routing. Our mechanism adapts routing based on an estimation of "network contention", the simultaneity of traffic flows contending for a network port. Our system employs a set of counters which track the demand for each output port. This exploits path diversity thanks to earlier detection of adversarial traffic patterns, and decouples buffer size and queue occupancy from contention detection. We evaluate our mechanism in a Dragonfly network. Our evaluations show this mechanism achieves optimal latency under uniform traffic and similar to best previous routing mechanisms under adversarial patterns, with immediate adaptation to traffic pattern changes.
Treatment with interferon-alpha preferentially reduces the capacity for amplification of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia but spares normal CFU-GM. (1998)

The biological target for interferon (IFN)-alpha in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is unknown, but one possibility is that amplification of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) is reduced. Replating CFU-GM colonies and observing secondary colony formation provides a measure of CFU-GM amplification. Amplification of CML, but not normal, CFU-GM in vitro was significantly inhibited by IFN-alpha (P = 0.02). In 5 out of 15 CML cases studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization, in vitro treatment with IFN-alpha increased the proportion of CFU-GM, which lacked BCR-ABL. The ability of patients' CFU-GM to amplify, and suppression of this ability by IFN-alpha, predicted responsiveness to IFN-alpha therapy in 86% of cases. Investigation of patients on treatment with IFN-alpha showed a threefold reduction in CFU-GM amplification in responders (P = 0.03) but no significant change in nonresponders (P = 0.8). We conclude that IFN-alpha preferentially suppresses amplification of CML CFU-GM to varying degrees. The differing in vitro sensitivities to IFN-alpha and growth kinetics of individual patients' cells could help differentiate those who will or will not benefit from treatment with IFN-alpha.
Lack of association of transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1 and b2 gene polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Northern Ireland (1999)

These data indicate that TGF-beta 1 and beta 2 genes are not loci influencing MS susceptibility, either RR/SPMS or PPMS, in this population.
Magnetoresistance measurements of doping symmetry and strain effects in GaSb-AlSb quantum wells (1990)

We have made the first magnetotransport measurements of two-dimensional holes confined to GaSb in modulation-doped AlSb/GaSb heterostructures. The Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations in GaSb-AlSb heterostructures reflect the influence of strain as well as the symmetry of the confinement potential on the hole levels. We have also observed the quantized Hall effect in asymmetric single quantum wells.
Z-Axis Interconnection for Enhanced Wiring in Organic Laminate Electronic Packages (2005)

Greater I/O density at the die level, coupled with more demanding performance requirements, is driving the need for improved wiring density and a concomitant reduction in feature sizes for electronic packages. Traditionally, greater wiring densities are achieved by reducing the dimensions of vias, lines, and spaces, increasing the number of wiring layers, and utilizing blind and buried vias. However, each of these approaches possesses inherent limitations, for example those related to drilling and plating of high aspect ratio vias, reduced conductance of narrow circuit lines, and increased cost of fabrication related to additional wiring layers. One method of extending wiring density beyond the limits imposed by these approaches is a strategy that allows for metal-to-metal z-axis interconnection of subcomposites during lamination to form a composite structure. Conductive joints can be formed during lamination using an electrically conductive paste. As a result, one is able to fabricate structures with vertically-terminated vias of arbitrary depth. Replacement of conventional plated through holes with vertically-terminated vias opens up additional wiring channels on layers above and below the terminated vias, enables die shrink, and eliminates via stubs which cause reflective signal loss. In addition, parallel lamination of testable subcomposites offers yield improvement, shorter cycle times, and ease of incorporating features conducive to high speed data rates. As a case study, an example of a z-axis interconnect construction for a flip-chip plastic ball grid array package with a 150 m die pad pitch is given. The processes and materials used to achieve smaller feature dimensions, satisfy stringent registration requirements, and achieve robust electrical interconnections are discussed
Stepwise Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells into Osteoblasts Using Four Small Molecules under Serum-free and Feeder-free Conditions (2014)

Pluripotent stem cells are a promising tool for mechanistic studies of tissue development, drug screening, and cell-based therapies. Here, we report an effective and mass-producing strategy for the stepwise differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs and hiPSCs, respectively) into osteoblasts using four small molecules (CHIR99021 [CHIR], cyclopamine [Cyc], smoothened agonist [SAG], and a helioxanthin-derivative 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[4',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide [TH]) under serum-free and feeder-free conditions. The strategy, which consists of mesoderm induction, osteoblast induction, and osteoblast maturation phases, significantly induced expressions of osteoblast-related genes and proteins in mESCs, miPSCs, and hiPSCs. In addition, when mESCs defective in runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a master regulator of osteogenesis, were cultured by the strategy, they molecularly recapitulated osteoblast phenotypes of Runx2 null mice. The present strategy will be a platform for biological and pathological studies of osteoblast development, screening of bone-augmentation drugs, and skeletal regeneration.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Accelerates Regeneration After Acute Skeletal Muscle Injury (2016)

We provide evidence for accelerated regeneration of damaged skeletal muscle after ESWT. Although further studies are necessary, our findings support the view that ESWT is an effective method to improve muscle healing, with special relevance to sports injuries.
Potential applications of low‐energy shock waves in functional urology (2017)

A shock wave, which carries energy and can propagate through a medium, is a type of continuous transmitted sonic wave with a frequency of 16 Hz-20 MHz. It is accompanied by processes involving rapid energy transformations. The energy associated with shock waves has been harnessed and used for various applications in medical science. High-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy is the most successful application of shock waves, and has been used to disintegrate urolithiasis for 30 years. At lower energy levels, however, shock waves have enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, chemoattractant factors and recruitment of progenitor cells; shock waves have also improved tissue regeneration. Low-energy shock wave therapy has been used clinically with musculoskeletal disorders, ischemic cardiovascular disorders and erectile dysfunction, through the mechanisms of neovascularization, anti-inflammation and tissue regeneration. Furthermore, low-energy shock waves have been proposed to temporarily increase tissue permeability and facilitate intravesical drug delivery. The present review article provides information on the basics of shock wave physics, mechanisms of action on the biological system and potential applications in functional urology.
A Large-Scale Hidden Semi-Markov Model for Anomaly Detection on User Browsing Behaviors (2008)

Many methods designed to create defenses against distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are focused on the IP and TCP layers instead of the high layer. They are not suitable for handling the new type of attack which is based on the application layer. In this paper, we introduce a new scheme to achieve early attack detection and filtering for the application-layer-based DDoS attack. An extended hidden semi-Markov model is proposed to describe the browsing behaviors of web surfers. In order to reduce the computational amount introduced by the model's large state space, a novel forward algorithm is derived for the online implementation of the model based on the M-algorithm. Entropy of the user's HTTP request sequence fitting to the model is used as a criterion to measure the user's normality. Finally, experiments are conducted to validate our model and algorithm.
Washington, Vol. 2 (1963)

In this second volume Constance Green describes the development of the local community, its citizens and institutions, through the years following World War II. Particularly interesting is the dominant role played by the Washington Negro community, which had early become the cultural center of American Negro society. The conflicts, ambitions, and antagonisms of this city within a city are here given sympathetic and objective exposition. Originally published in 1963. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Calculated stresses in dual coated optical fibers (1990)

Abstract We examine several practically important problems, related to the mechanical behavior of dual coated optical fibers: low temperature microbending, evaluation of spring constant due to coating layers, strength of the end portions of fibers clamped in terminal fixtures, and prediction of stresses caused by the misalignment of the openings in the frame and in the terminal fixture. The developed formulas are simple, easy‐to‐use, and clearly indicate the role of the major factors affecting the mechanical behavior of the fibers. The obtained results can be of help in physical design of dual coated fibers and optical interconnections.
Propranolol Blocks Cardiac and Neuronal Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels (2010)

Propranolol is a widely used, non-selective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist with proven efficacy in treating cardiovascular disorders and in the prevention of migraine headaches. At plasma concentrations exceeding those required for β-adrenergic receptor inhibition, propranolol also exhibits anti-arrhythmic ("membrane stabilizing") effects that are not fully explained by β-blockade. Previous in vitro studies suggested that propranolol may have local anesthetic effects. We directly tested the effects of propranolol on heterologously expressed recombinant human cardiac (NaV1.5) and brain (NaV1.1, NaV1.2, NaV1.3) sodium channels using whole-cell patch-clamp recording. We found that block was not stereospecific as we observed approximately equal IC50 values for tonic and use-dependent block by R-(+) and S-(-) propranolol (tonic block: R: 21.4 μM vs S: 23.6 μM; use-dependent block: R: 2.7 μM vs S: 2.6 μM). Metoprolol and nadolol did not block NaV1.5 indicating that sodium channel block is not a class effect of β-blockers. The biophysical effects of R-(+)-propranolol on NaV1.5 and NaV1.1 resembled that of the prototypical local anesthetic lidocaine including the requirement for a critical phenylalanine residue (F1760 in NaV1.5) in the domain 4 S6 segment. Finally, we observed that brain sodium channels exhibited less sensitivity to R-(+)-propranolol than NaV1.5 channels. Our findings establish sodium channels as targets for propranolol and may help explain some beneficial effects of the drug in treating cardiac arrhythmias, and may explain certain adverse central nervous system effects.
<title>Object watermarking for for MPEG-4 video streams copyright protection</title> (2000)

The recent finalization of MPEG-4 will make this standard very attractive for a large range of applications such as video editing, internet video distribution, wireless video communications. Some of these applications will need to address the problem of copyright protection. One of the key points of the MPEG4 standard is the possibility to access and manipulate objects within a video sequence. Thus object watermarking has to be achieved in such a way that, while a video object is transferred from a sequence to another, still it is possible to correctly access the copyright data related to the object itself. The algorithm proposed in this paper embeds a watermark in each video object in a way which is somewhat similar to that presented in reference one. A particular relationship is imposed between some predefined pairs of quantized DCT coefficients in the luminance blocks of pseudo-randomly selected MBs. Watermarks are equally embedded into intra and inter MBs. Experimental results are presented validating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Fragmented QRS in Prediction of Cardiac Deaths and Heart Failure Hospitalizations after Myocardial Infarction (2010)

Increased QRS fragmentation in post-MI patients predicts cardiac deaths and HF progression. A computer-based fragmentation analysis is a stronger predictor than QRSd.
Nutrition, Social Status and Health (1992)

Reports a symposium designed to help health professionals in their roles as advisers of healthy eating and nutrition in the community. The symposium highlighted new research in the diet and nutrition of children, women and elderly people and also the impact of socioeconomic circumstances on nutrition and health.
클럽문화가 대중의상에 미친 영향 -하우스 뮤직(House Music)을 중심으로- (2010)

1990년을 기점으로 하우스 음악이 전 세계적으로 인기를 얻기 시작했다. 하우스 음악은 단순히 음악의 한 장르로서가 아닌 사회 전반에 걸쳐 큰 영향을 미친 문화의 한 축으로까지 성장하기에 이르렀다. 하우스음악은 패션에도 큰 영향을 미쳤으며 ``하우스 스타일`` 이라는 고유의 스타일을 만들어내기에 이르렀다. 2000년 이후에는 영국을 비롯한 유럽을 시작으로 하우스 음악에 영향을 받은 디자이너들이 등장하기 시작했으며, 하우스 스타일을 모티브로 삼는 상품들을 출시하는 대중 의류 브랜드들이 나타나기 시작했다. 또한, 하우스 음악에 영향을 받은 스타일을 한 가수들이나 연기자들이 대중들 앞에 나서기 시작하면서 하우스 음악은 패션을 포함한 대중 유행문화의 형성과 발전에 큰 영향을 끼치기 시작했다. 강렬한 비주얼 이펙트가 기본이 되는 화려한 네온컬러의 심플한 실루엣과 기하학적이며 극단적으로 단순화시킨 기하학적 문양이나 반복적인 패턴들이 주종을 이루고 있는 것이 특징인 하우스 음악 스타일은 이제 더 이상 하우스 음악을 즐기는 마니아들만을 위한 소수의 제한된 하위문화적인 스타일이 아닌 다양한 계층의 일반인들이 즐길 수 있는 대중의상으로써의 한 축으로 자리 잡기에 이르렀다. 이에 본 논문에서는 클럽문화가 대중문화그 중에서도 특히 대중의상분야에 미친 영향에 대해서 클럽문화의 근간인 클럽음악 특히 하우스 음악에 기반을 두어서 구체적이고 심도 있게 연구를 해 보았으며 구체적인 연구방법으로는 관련 선행 연구와 단행본, 관련 잡지, 웹사이트 등을 조사하였고, 국내외 패션 브랜드 시장조사와, 국내외 패션, 클럽, 음악잡지에 실린 사진자료를 수집, 조사하였다. 실증적 연구를 위해 유럽과 한국의 여러 클럽현장 조사를 통해 취합한 자료들을 첨부하여 분석하였다.
Analysis of large nucleic acid dot matrices on small computers (1984)

A UCSD Pascal program was developed which can analyze nucleic acid dot matrices of up to 9500 × 9500 in size on the Apple II computer. Although matrices of such size consume large amounts of computer memory, this program minimizes these problems by analyzing only small strips of the matrix at a time, and then transferring the results to a floppy disk or printer. Compression and memory efficient code further enhance the size of the matrix that can be analyzed. By generating an image of the dot matrix using software, and sending this image directly to an Epson dot matrix printer, a very detailed print out may be produced. The program has a number of user selectable options which allow a great deal of control over the analysis. The program contains no computer dependent code, and thus should work on all systems that can run UCSD Pascal.
STUDIES ON CONDENSED PYRIMIDINE SYSTEMS. V. (1) THE PYRIMIDO[4,5-c][1,2,5]THIADIAZOLE RING SYSTEM (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTUDIES ON CONDENSED PYRIMIDINE SYSTEMS. V. (1) THE PYRIMIDO[4,5-c][1,2,5]THIADIAZOLE RING SYSTEMALBERT SCHRAGE and GEORGE H. HITCHINGSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 2, 207–215Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01142a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01142a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
現代漢語 ‘NP1+NP2+VP’ 結構中的 ‘NP1’ (2005)

본문은 현대 중국어에서 화제화와 관련된 어순구조 ‘NP₁ + NP2 + VP’에서 ‘NP₁’ 정보의 화용적 의미를 규명하는 데 목적을 두고 진행되었다. 그 내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다.BR 첫째, 현대 중국어에서 화자는 표현의 필요에 따라 ‘NP₁ + VP + NP₂’ 어순구조와 ‘NP₁ + NP₂ + VP’ 어순구조를 선용한다. 둘째, 현대 중국어에서는 각종의 이중 명사구를 술어의 앞에 배열하는 어순구조를 다용하는바, 본고에서는 이를 전형적인 화제 구문으로 본다. 셋째, ‘NP₁ + NP₂ + VP’ 어순구조에서 ‘NP₁’ 정보는 ‘NP₂’ 정보에 대하여 ‘동일 지시대상(同指對象)’,‘總括對象’, ‘所有者’ 등의 의미를 가진다. 넷째, ‘NP₁ + NP₂ + VP’ 어순구조에서 ‘NP₁’의 정보가 행위자(施事) 혹은 행위의 지배대상(受事)’의 의미가 명백할 때, 현대 중국어에서는 후자(受事)를 ‘NP₁’의 위치에 배열시키는 것이 자연스런 구조이며, 이와 달리 전자(施?事)를 ‘NP₁’의 위치에 배열시키는 것은 ‘NP₂’ 정보(受事)를 초점화시키고자 하는 언어적 책략이 개입된 어순구조이다. 다섯째, ‘NP₁ + NP2 + VP’ 구조에서 ‘NP₁’이 행위자(施X事) 혹은 행위의 지배대상(受事)’의 의미가 명백하지 않을 때, 술어는 일적으로 靜態性 동사(형용사 포함)로 충당된다. 여섯째, 화제인 ‘NP₁’ 정보는 소위한 정성(有定) 명사(구)로 충당되며, 한정성은 전제, 旣知性, 總稱性 및 공동 배경 지식 등의 의미를 근거로 한다.BR
Detecting Disagreement in Conversations using Pseudo-Monologic Rhetorical Structure (2014)

Casual online forums such as Reddit, Slashdot and Digg, are continuing to increase in popularity as a means of communication. Detecting disagreement in this domain is a considerable challenge. Many topics are unique to the conversation on the forum, and the appearance of disagreement may be much more subtle than on political blogs or social media sites such as twitter. In this analysis we present a crowd-sourced annotated corpus for topic level disagreement detection in Slashdot, showing that disagreement detection in this domain is difficult even for humans. We then proceed to show that a new set of features determined from the rhetorical structure of the conversation significantly improves the performance on disagreement detection over a baseline consisting of unigram/bigram features, discourse markers, structural features and meta-post features.
Thermodynamic modelling of complete engine systems—a review (1999)

This paper gives an overview of engine systems modelling by first and second law analysis. Complex engine systems are becoming more commonly implemented to meet the increasing demands of fuel efficiency and emission legislation. Future engine systems may also include both exhaust gas treatment and fuel processing devices. This leads to complex interactions within the thermodynamics and chemistry of powerplant systems. There is therefore a need to improve the systems modelling methods. This concerns first of all the composition tracking and the models of three-way catalytic exhaust converters and fuel processors. The applicability of gas dynamics modelling to chemically complex systems is also discussed. All these processes need to be modelled as interacting parts of one system.
Treating infant colic with the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri: double blind, placebo controlled randomised trial (2014)

Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN95287767.