gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THERMOPILE DETECTOR ARRAYS FOR SPACE SCIENCE APPLICATIONS (2004)

Thermopile detectors are widely used in uncooled applications where small numbers of detectors are required, particularly in low-cost commercial applications or applications requiring accurate radiometry. Arrays of thermopile detectors, however, have not been developed to the extent of uncooled bolometer and pyroelectric/ferroelectric arrays. Efforts at JPL seek to remedy this deficiency by developing high performance thin-film thermopile detectors in both linear and two-dimensional formats. The linear thermopile arrays are produced by bulk micromachining and wire bonded to separate CMOS readout electronic chips. Such arrays are currently being fabricated for the Mars Climate Sounder instrument, scheduled for launch in 2005. Progress is also described towards realizing a two-dimensional thermopile array built over CMOS readout circuitry in the substrate.
Identification of Three Key Residues in Substrate Recognition Site 5 of Human Cytochrome P450 3A4 by Cassette and Site-Directed Mutagenesis (1997)

Cassette mutagenesis and site-directed mutagenesis were used to investigate the importance of individual amino acid residues at positions 364-377 of cytochrome P450 3A4 in determining steroid hydroxylation or stimulation by alpha-naphthoflavone. The mutants were expressed in an Escherichia coli system, and solubilized membranes were prepared. All mutants except R365G and R365K exhibited anti-3A immunoreactivity on Western blotting, although R372S and R375K were not detected as the Fe2+-CO complex. Replacement of Arg-372 by Lys yielded a typical P450 spectrum. The results indicate that the highly conserved Arg residues at positions 365 and 375 may play a role in stabilizing the tertiary structure or in heme binding. Catalytic activities of 12 mutants were examined using progesterone and testosterone as substrates, and residues 369, 370, and 373 were found to play an important role in determining substrate specificity. Although the three mutants hydroxylated progesterone and testosterone primarily at the 6beta-position like the wild-type, replacement of Ile-369 by Val suppressed progesterone 16alpha-hydroxylase activity, whereas substitution of Ala-370 with Val enhanced progesterone 16alpha-hydroxylation. Interestingly, substitution of Leu-373 with His resulted in production of a new metabolite from both steroids. Moreover, the mutants at positions 369 and 373 were more and less responsive, respectively, than the wild-type to alpha-naphthoflavone stimulation. Alterations in activities or expression of several mutants were interpreted using a three-dimensional model of P450 3A4. The results suggest that analogy with mammalian family 2 and bacterial cytochromes P450 can be used to predict P450 3A residues that contribute to regiospecific steroid hydroxylation.
Control theory-based DVS for interactive 3D games (2008)

We propose a control theory-based dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) algorithm for interactive 3D game applications running on battery-powered portable devices. Using this scheme, we periodically adjust the game workload prediction based on the feedback from recent prediction errors. Although such control-theoretic feedback mechanisms have been widely applied to predict the workload of video decoding applications, they heavily rely on estimating the queue lengths of video frame buffers. Given the interactive nature of games -- where game frames cannot be buffered - the control-theoretic DVS schemes for video applications can no longer be applied. Our main contribution is to suitably adapt these schemes for interactive games. Compared to history-based workload prediction schemes - where the workload of a game frame is predicted by averaging the workload of the previously-rendered frames -- our proposed scheme yields significant improvement on different platforms (e.g. a laptop and a PDA) both in terms of energy savings as well as output quality.
Supporting Virtual Organizations Using Attribute-Based Encryption in Named Data Networking (2018)

This paper investigates the use of Named Data Networks (NDNs) and Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) to support federations of computing resources managed using the Virtual Organization (VO) concept. The NDN architecture focuses on fetching structurally named and secured pieces of application data, instead of pushing packets to host IP addresses. The VO concept allows management of federations across different administrative domains and enable secure collaborations. We show how hierarchicallly structured namespaces can be used to manage sets of named resources from different VO sites, and make them available to different VO members, based on their authorization attributes. For this initial investigation, we use a Two-Tier VO model and develop the associated VO data naming schema. We present an example, discuss outstanding issues, and identify future work.
Low Cost Recovery of Spectral Power Distributions (2014)

Measuring the spectral power distribution of a light source, that is, the emission as a function of wavelength, typically requires the use of spectrophotometers or multispectral cameras. Here, we propose a low-cost system that enables the recovery of the visible light spectral signature of different types of light sources without requiring highly complex or specialized equipment and using just off-the-shelf, widely available components. To do this, a standard DSLR camera and a diffraction filter are used, sacrificing the spatial dimension for spectral resolution. We present here the image formation model and the calibration process necessary to recover the spectrum, including spectral calibration and amplitude recovery. We also show applications of the system in image processing and rendering.
False-positive epidemic infectious mononucleosis. (1977)

Investigation of four alleged infectious mononucleosis (IM) epidemics revealed that each resulted from either misuse or misinterpretation of mononucleosis slide tests. Even though such tests are a valuable, rapid adjunct to the diagnosis of IM, they must be carefully done with fresh reagents, using both positive and negative controls, and must be interpreted in the light of clinical findings and blood cell morphology.
Chalcogenide thin films for laser-beam recordings by thermal creation of holes (1979)

The shapes of holes thermally created by a laser beam in thin films of wide range of materials are studied. The most cleanly shaped holes, which measure up to recent requirements for direct-read-after-write video recordings by submicron dots, are obtained in some compositions of amorphous chalcogenide thin films such as As-Te system, Ge-Te system, As-Se system, Ge-Se system, and Sb-S system thin films. The experiments clarify several important conditions helpful in obtaining cleanly shaped holes. The most important condition is that the viscosity of the material in liquid or softened state should be high. The required incident laser-beam power for recording in an As-Te system thin film on a polymethyl methacrylate substrate rotating at 1800 min−1 is about 10 mW. Addition of Se to the As-Te system thin films greatly increases film stability. A signal-to-noise ratio of about 45 dB is obtained in reproduced color video signals.
A Prevenient Voltage Stress Test Method for High Density Memory (2008)

The most effective acceleration factor of reliability is the high voltage stress. However high electric field generated on thin gate oxide transistors in nanometer technology becomes the uppermost limit. In this paper, an improved voltage stress method for DRAM with the 6F2 structure and the open bit line scheme is proposed to enhance the Early Life Failure Rates (ELFR) and the yield of package test. The proposed method reduces the degradation of transistors caused by a high voltage stress. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the yield of package test and the characteristic of refresh, and avoids the degradation of transistors using voltage ramp stress (VRS).
Ion Chromatography for Determining Residual Sulfite on Shrimp (1986)

ABSTRACT An acid distillation (AD) method, followed by ion chromatography (IC) resulted in incomplete extraction (50‐65% recovery) of sulfite from shrimp samples fortified with various levels of sodium metabisulfite (Na 2 S 2 O 5 ). AD‐IC accounted for approximately 30% of the sulfite as determined by the AOAC Monier‐Williams method (M‐W), when shrimp were treated with a standard sulfite dip. An IC method involving extraction of shrimp samples with an alkaline‐formaldehyde solution (AFE‐IC) or water (WE‐IC) gave residual sulfite levels which averaged 97% of those obtained by the M‐W method. Fresh shrimp treated with 0.5% and 1.25% Na 2 S 2 O 5 dips were found by the M‐W and WE‐IC methods to have mean residuals of 31 and 83 ppm as SO 2 , respectively, which were below FDA's legal limit of 100 ppm as SO 2 .
On the multiple antenna broadcast channel (2001)

This paper summarizes, with a tutorial flavor, the "quest" for the capacity region of a Gaussian broadcast channel with vector input and scalar outputs, where the channel is linear time-invariant and perfectly known to all terminals. Determining the capacity region of this channel is a challenge, since this model belongs to the class of non-degraded broadcast channels, for which a complete information-theoretic characterization is still open. Nevertheless, a series of previous results shed light on several aspects: a coding strategy and its achievable region were given, and it was shown that, as far as the throughput (rate sum) is concerned, this coding strategy is optimal. In this paper we review these results and add our original point of view. Moreover, we point out some new observations and directions for future study on the subject.
A Proposal for a Novel Hybrid Interconnect Technology for the End of Roadmap (2014)

To suppress the impact of size effects on sub-20 nm wide wires, a novel aluminum-copper hybrid interconnect architecture is proposed and its potential performance has been quantified. Al wires offer lower resistivities at nanoscale dimensions because they do not need diffusion barriers, and size effects are less prominent in them due to their smaller bulk mean free path. However, their current conduction capacity is substantially lower than that of Cu wires. To get around this limitation, this letter proposes a hybrid interconnect technology to replace only short narrow local signal wires by Al wires. This scheme takes advantage of the fact that signal wires conduct bi-directional currents and are therefore virtually immune to electromigration. The improvement in chip clock frequency is predicted to be between 50% and 100% for the 7 nm technology node.
Using a magnetometer to image a two-dimensional current distribution (1989)

We describe a mathematical algorithm to obtain an image of a two-dimensional current distribution from measurements of its magnetic field. The spatial resolution of this image is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio of the magnetometer data and the distance between the magnetometer and the plane of the current distribution. In many cases, the quality of the image can be improved more by decreasing the current-to-magnetometer distance than by decreasing the noise in the magnetometer.
Esophageal End-To-End Anastomosis:Reduction of Anastomotic Tension by Circular Myotomy (1972)

AbstractThe effect on anastomotic tension of circular myotomy of the esophagus was studied in 25 piglets by direct measurements and in terms of primary anastomotic healing and survival. Operations were performed either in the cervical or in the thoracic region and consisted of end-to-end anastomosis after resection of a determined length of esophagus and circular myotomy. The maximal length of resection involved 43 % of the cervical and 36% of the thoracic esophagus, respectively. Following myotomy, a 66% average reduction of anastomotic tension occurred regardless of the site or the extent of esophageal resection. Postoperatively the animals were unrestricted, had free access to food and received no adjunctive therapy. The mortality was nil. The average observation period in the entire series was 11 weeks. The anastomoses healed invariably without evidence of leak. In 10 animals the anastomotic width was normal, while in 15 it was decreased. The muscular manchette distal to myotomy remained intact. There were no signs of functional or organic obstruction at the site of muscular interruption. On the basis of our results we believe that clinical trial of this method is warranted. Esophageal atresia, post-anasto-motic or caustic strictures and congenital short esophagus are the clinical applications suggested.
Filtering Automated Polling Traffic in Computer Network Flow Data (2014)

Detecting polling behaviour in a computer network has two important applications. First, the polling can be indicative of malware beaconing, where an undetected software virus sends regular communications to a controller. Second, the cause of the polling may not be malicious, since it may correspond to regular automated update requests permitted by the client, to build models of normal host behaviour for signature-free anomaly detection, this polling behaviour needs to be understood. This article presents a simple Fourier analysis technique for identifying regular polling, and focuses on the second application: modelling the normal behaviour of a host, using real data collected from the computer network of Imperial College London.
Temperature coefficient of drift of m.o.s. transistors (1966)

Equations are derived for the thermal drift of an m.o.s. transistor operated at drain voltages beyond the pinchoff voltage. It is shown that zero temperature coefficient only occurs at one temperature, and that this temperature is a function of the operating point. The theory is compared with practical results.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Extraction of Bioactive Natural Products (2016)

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as green and sustainable solvents for efficient extraction of bioactive compounds or drugs. This work aimed to comprehensively evaluate the potential and effectiveness of DESs for extraction of different types of natural compounds from biomass. Five Chinese herbal medicines including Berberidis Radix, Epimedii Folium, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Rhei Rhizoma et Radix, and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were selected to assess the efficiency of DESs on extraction of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones, and phenolic acids, respectively. Totally 43 types of choline chloride-, betaine-, and l-proline-based DESs with different polarity, viscosity, composition, and solubilization abilities were tailored to test their extraction efficiency, and the operation conditions were statistically optimized using response surface methodology to produce the most efficient process. In this work, DES solvents were first introduced to extract alkaloids and anthraquinones. The results indicated that most prepared DESs proved to be efficient solvents for extraction of alkaloids, but lower extractability for anthraquinones. The extraction capacity of DES may be correlated with their physical–chemical properties, including H-bonding interactions, polarity, viscosity, and pH. This study demonstrated that DESs were suitable green extraction solvents for selectively and efficiently extracting bioactive compounds from biomaterials.
Intrathecal Therapy for Cancer-Related Pain (2016)

Treatment of cancer-related pain has shifted toward chronic pain management strategies, especially among cancer survivors. Intrathecal therapy provides an alternate route of administration of chronic pain medications (e.g., morphine and ziconotide) for cancer patients with and without active disease, although additional research is needed to support effectiveness in cancer survivors.
An Effective Congestion Control Scheme in Content-Centric Networking (2012)

Content-Centric Networking (CCN), a typical future Internet architecture focused on content dissemination and retrieval, brings a paradigm shift in network model by addressing named-data instead of host location. Many fields related to CCN become the research hotspots, such as caching and name-based routing. However, little work has addressed on its transmission protocol in literature. In this paper, we proposed an effective Congestion Control Scheme (CCS) in CCN through combining a router-driven congestion forecast with a requester-driven Interest control protocol. Each router detects the network congestion status and then informs the requester by setting Congestion Information Bits into the returned Data packet passed by. Then the requester dynamically adjusts its Interest sending window according to the received feedback congestion information. Furthermore, in our scheme, a Fair Queuing algorithm is used on each router, allowing max-min fair share of the link capacity. A performance evaluation using simulation designed on OMNet++ network simulator showed that the proposed CCS causes fewer packet losses, decreases Data packet delay, treats each flow fairly and maximizes the use of bandwidth.
Use of high density antibody arrays to validate and discover cancer serum biomarkers (2007)

Perhaps the greatest barrier to translation of serum biomarker discoveries is the inability to evaluate putative biomarkers in high throughput validation studies. Here we report on the development, production, and implementation of a high-density antibody microarray used to evaluate large numbers of candidate ovarian cancer serum biomarkers. The platform was shown to be useful for evaluation of individual antibodies for comparative analysis, such as with disease classification, and biomarker validation and discovery. We demonstrate its performance by showing that known tumor markers behave as expected. We also identify several promising biomarkers from a candidate list and generate hypotheses to support new discovery studies.
Dynamics and stability of water bells (2001)

The detailed experimental study conducted by Félix Savart in 1833 has revealed the existence of water bells when a cylindrical jet of diameter D0 impacts with the velocity U0 normally on to a disc of diameter Di. We continue this study with a Newtonian fluid characterized by its density, ρ, kinematic viscosity, v, and surface tension, σ. We first show that for a given Reynolds number, Re ≡ U0D0/v, and Weber number, We ≡ ρU20D0/σ, the domain where the bells exist in terms of the diameter ratio, X ≡ Di/D0, extends from the minimum value, X−:formula hereup to the maximum value, X+:formula hereIn the domain, X ∈]X−, X+[, the liquid film which results from the impact of the jet detaches at the edge of the disc, forming an angle ψ0 with the direction of the jet. In the non-viscous limit, we show that this angle is determined by the nonlinear equationformula herewhere ψmax0 corresponds to the limit of ψ0 for We >> 1. In that limit, we find that cos (ψmax0) ≈ 1 − 0.352X2, for X < 1, and cos (ψmax0) ≈ 0.1 for X > 1.The shape of the resulting bell is shown to be a catenary, first analytically described by Joseph Boussinesq in 1869. This shape results from the equilibrium between surface tension and centrifugal acceleration and is characterized by the length L ≡ D0We/16. This solution holds in the low-gravity limit, gL/U20 >> 1, and when the pressure difference, p, across the liquid sheet is small, pL/(2σ) >> 1. Considering the dynamics of formation of that catenary, we show that it is characterized by a quasi-constant velocity along the jet axis.Finally, we show that these bells are not always stationary and may even undergo self-sustained oscillations. Studying their stability, we derive a general stability criterion and show the sensitivity of the bells to both the pressure difference across the liquid sheet and to the ejection angle. In this latter case, we find a critical angle of ejection above which the bell is periodically destroyed and created. The period of the cycle is shown to scale linearly with the formation time of the bell.
Localization within a Proline-Rich Antigen (Ag2/PRA) of Protective Antigenicity against Infection with<i>Coccidioides immitis</i>in Mice (2002)

Subunits of a proline-rich coccidioidal antigen (Ag2/PRA) of Coccidioides immitis were analyzed by comparison as vaccines in mice. The optimal dose of plasmid vaccine encoding full-length Ag2/PRA was determined to be between 10 and 100 microg. Mice vaccinated with plasmids encoding amino acids (aa) 1 to 106 were as protective as full-length Ag2/PRA (aa 1 to 194). The subunit from aa 27 to 106 was significantly but less protective. Plasmids encoding aa 90 to 151 or aa 90 to 194 were not protective. Analogous results were obtained with recombinant vaccines of the same amino acid sequences. In addition, mixtures of aa 90 to 194 with either aa 1 to 106 or aa 27 to 106 did not enhance protection compared to the active single-recombinant subunits alone. Humoral response of total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and subclasses IgG1 and IgG2a were detectable in subunit vaccinations but at significantly (100-fold) lower concentrations than after vaccination with plasmids encoding full-length Ag2/PRA. Since virtually all protection by vaccination with full-length Ag2/PRA can be accounted for in the first half of the protein (aa 1 to 106), this subunit could make a multicomponent vaccine more feasible by reducing the quantity of protein per dose and the possibility of an untoward reactions to a foreign protein.
Mechanism of DNA Replication by Highly Purified DNA Polymerase of Chicken Embryo (1972)

Highly purified DNA polymerase of chicken embryo was used to investigate the mechanism of DNA replication. The templates used included synthetic homopolymer pairs, as well as DNA of bacteriophage f1 and DNA-RNA hybrids prepared by partial or complete transcription of f1 DNA. The evidence suggests that the DNA synthesized is complementary either to the DNA or the RNA strand of the hybrid, depending on the relative lengths of the two strands, with the longer serving as the template and the shorter as the primer. While f1 DNA itself lacks template properties, the f1 DNA-RNA hybrids are efficient templates; and composition studies show the DNA synthesized to be complementary to the DNA strand of the hybrid. These observations suggest a mechanism of DNA replication in which the initial synthesis of a stable primer by RNA polymerase plays a pivotal role.