gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of an asymmetric heterotriptycene (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of an asymmetric heterotriptyceneHans Wynberg, J. De Wit, and H. J. M. SinnigeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 3, 711–715Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00828a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00828a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views451Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The role of acetyl xylan esterase in the solubilization of xylan and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw and giant reed (2011)

The results in this paper demonstrate that supplementation of xylanase with AXE enhances the solubilization of xylan to some extent and, consequently, increases the subsequent hydrolysis of cellulose. The highest hydrolysis yield was, however, obtained by simultaneous hydrolysis of xylan and cellulose, indicating a layered structure of cellulose and xylan chains in the cell wall substrate. AXE has an important role in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials containing acetylated xylan.
Design and fabrication of depletion GaAs LSI high-speed 32-bit adder (1983)

A GaAs LSI 32-bit adder implemented in BFL (buffered FET logic) gates has been designed and fabricated to demonstrate the feasibility of high-performance depletion GaAs LSI. Power dissipation reduction has been successfully achieved by reducing the number of level-shifting diodes to one, conforming with the FET threshold voltage (-0.5 V) and supply voltages (2 V, -1 V). Computer simulation was carried out with the interconnect parasitic capacitance included. In the IC, carry-look-ahead operation was utilized for realizing high-speed performance for 32-bit addition. The fabricated IC implementation required 420 gates, including 2100 FETs and 420 diodes, within a chip area of 4.6 mm/spl times/2.5 mm. High-speed performance was evaluated by packaging an IC chip. A maximum addition time of 2.9 ns with power dissipation of 1.2 W was obtained.
Status of the techniques of three-phase rectifier systems with low effects on the mains (1999)

Based on a comprehensive study of the literature, concepts of three-phase rectifier systems with low effects on the mains are classified. Such systems are unidirectional and bidirectional self-commutated power converters with impressed output voltage or output current and line-commutated rectification in connection with passive and active filtering. Selected circuit concepts are analyzed concerning the operational behavior and the obtainable quality of the mains current. Furthermore, an evaluation of the rectifier concepts concerning utilization of the power semiconductors, rated power of the inductive and capacitive components and of the realization effort in general is given. Finally, problems of the practical application of high switching frequency PWM rectifier systems and topics of further research are discussed.
Multi Strobe Circuit for 2.133GHz Memory Test System (2006)

This paper presents solutions to reduce measurement error and test time in an AC characteristic test of a source-synchronous device. In order to realize such a solution, we developed a multi strobe circuit which detects a phase difference between output clock and output data at a test cycle in real time without strobe scanning. We implemented a digital delay locked loop for precise multi strobe circuit. We achieved less than 1/5 the measurement error and less than 1/16 the test time compared with the conventional test method
Extracranial Radiation Doses in Patients Undergoing Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (1997)

Doses to extracranial sites ranged from 1.5% of the prescribed dose for the lateral canthi to 0.2% for the pelvis. Doses to the sternum and pelvis were proportional to the duration of irradiation. Scatter radiation contributed more than 50% of the dose to the canthi and thyroid. Leakage radiation typically contributed 80 to 90% of the dose to the sternum and pelvis. Radiation during patient couch transit contributed little to the doses at the measured extracranial sites.
Combining transition metal catalysis and organocatalysis: a broad new concept for catalysis (2009)

In recent years, the concept of combining transition metal catalysis and organocatalysis has emerged as a promising strategy for developing new and valuable reactions, and has attracted considerable attention as it could potentially enable unprecedented transformations not currently possible by use of the transition metal complex or the organocatalyst alone. In this critical review, this strategy is illustrated with several recent outstanding examples, with the aim of shedding light on the synthetic utilities and potentials of this concept as a novel tool in organic synthesis (118 references).
Reading Lolita in the Classroom (2010)

Herner Saeverot’s engagement with Richard Rorty and Vladimir Nabokov on the topic of moral education brings an illuminating perspective to the use of literature and art in classrooms. There is much to value and reflect on in Saeverot’s nuanced discussion, especially his emphasis on the unexpected as an educative phenomenon and the space he opens for consideration of the educator’s role in the encounter between reader and text. So I begin with a qualified endorsement of the essay’s central claim that moral education is inherently a matter of contingency. That being said, my primary aim here is to develop two considerations that render that endorsement “qualified.” The first concerns an interpretation, overlooked by Rorty and Saeverot, of Nabokov’s view of the relationship between the four essential qualities of art. Tracing the implication of this interpretation, I suggest a more robust role for educators seeking to draw on literature in the service of moral education.
Description of mixing with diffusion and reaction in terms of the concept of material surfaces (1982)

The essence of fluid-mechanical mixing of diffusing and reacting fluids can be traced back to kinematics, connectedness of material volumes and transport processes occurring across deforming material surfaces. Descriptions based on kinematics of homoeomorphic deforming material surfaces (tracers) are restricted solely to continuous motions and conveniently analysed by transport equations in Lagrangian frames. Connectedness of material volumes restricts the mixing topology and generates bicontinuous structures characterized by intermaterial-area and striation-thickness distributions. Upper bounds for area generation and material-line elongation are related to mean values of viscous dissipation and govern the average reaction rate in diffusion-controlled reactions. Two concepts are introduced: micromixing, related to local flows, rate of stretching and local viscous dissipation, and macromixing, associated with connectedness of isoconcentration surfaces, vorticity and average viscous dissipation. Several small-scale flows can be used to typify the interplay between fluid mechanics, mass and energy transport, and chemical reactions: elliptically symmetrical stagnation flows, vortex decay, and swirling flow with uniform stretching. It is proposed that complex fluid motions might be interpreted in terms of integrated behaviour of populations of small-scale flows distributed in space and time to simulate mixing behaviour. The objective of this work is to present the foundations of a continuum mixing description making reference to earlier approaches to demonstrate computational applicability and practical significance.
<title>Theoretical and experimental investigation of axial power extraction from a magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator</title> (1990)

The utility of the magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) as a high power microwave source depends on how efficiently power can be extracted from it. We have designed a slow-wave stepped transformer for the purpose of axially extracting microwave power from a 3. 6 GHz coaxial MILO. The slow-wave transformer design was optimized using particle-in-cell simulation and tested in experiments performed on the HPM Simulation Division''s GEMINI and GYPSY water Blumlein pulse power sources. in this paper we summarize the slow-wave stepped transformer design and describe MILO axial power extraction experiments which yielded up to 300 MW of radiated power. 1.
Excitatory amino acid antagonists protect cochlear auditory neurons from excitotoxicity (1994)

Since ischemic damage in the brain is linked to glutamate excitotoxicity, the effects of an acute exposure to glutamate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionic acid (AMPA) or N-methyl-D aspartate (NMDA) on the radial dendrites were compared with those occurring after a severe cochlear ischemia. Glutamate and AMPA, but not NMDA, produced a drastic swelling restricted to the radial dendrites below the inner hair cells (IHCs). At a concentration of 20 microM AMPA, a full electrophysiological recovery could be observed in some cochleas after washing the drug out. A prior perfusion of 6-7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX, 50 microM) prevented the 25 microM AMPA-induced dendritic swelling. No protective effect of D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate (D-AP5) could be observed. In the same way, ischemia (5-40 minutes) resulted in a clear swelling of the radial dendrites. While D-AP5 had no protective effects, 50 microM DNQX protected most of the radial dendrites from the ischemia-induced swelling, excepting those contacting the modiolar side of the IHCs. Finally, 50 microM DNQX + 50 microM D-AP5 resulted in a nearly complete protection of all the radial dendrites. Altogether, these results suggest that the acute swelling of radial dendrites primarily occurs via AMPA/kainate receptors. However, in radial dendrites contacting the inner hair cells on their modiolar side, NMDA receptors may be also involved.
Evolutionary conservation of the insulin gene structure in invertebrates: cloning of the gene encoding molluscan insulin-related peptide III from Lymnaea stagnalis (1993)

Although insulins and structurally related peptides are found in vertebrates as well as in invertebrates, it is not clear whether the genes encoding these hormones have emerged from a single ancestral (insulin)-type of gene or, alternatively, have arisen independently through convergent evolution from different types of gene. To investigate this issue, we cloned the gene encoding the molluscan insulin-related peptide III (MIP III) from the freshwater snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. The predicted MIP III preprohormone had the overall organization of preproinsulin, with a signal peptide and A and B chains, connected by two putative C peptides. Although MIP III was found to share key features with vertebrate insulins, it also had unique structural characteristics in common with the previously identified MIPs I and II, thus forming a distinct class of MIP peptides within the insulin superfamily. MIP III is synthesized in neurones in the brain. It is encoded by a gene with the overall organization of the vertebrate insulin genes, with three exons and two introns, of which the second intron interrupts the coding region of the C peptides. Our data therefore demonstrate that in the Archaemetazoa, the common ancestor of the vertebrates and invertebrates, a primordial peptide with a two-chain insulin configuration encoded by a primordial insulin-type gene must have been present.
Bulk periodically poled MgO-LiNbO3 by corona discharge method (1996)

We propose and demonstrate a novel corona discharge method for the fabrication of bulk periodically poled MgO-LiNbO3 substrates. The bulk periodic domain inversion has been successfully formed with a first-order modulation period of 5.2 μm for a wavelength of 980 nm over a 6.5 mm interaction length in a Z-cut 0.4-mm-thick MgO-LiNbO3 substrate for the first time. It was found that MgO-LiNbO3 crystal is capable of forming domain inversion under a low applied voltage of no more than 6 kV/mm, which is lower than the case of LiNbO3 and LiTaO3. A 490 nm blue light power of 6.7 mW was achieved in a single pass through periodically poled MgO-LiNbO3, by using a high-power monolithically integrated flared master oscillator power amplifier of 790 mW as a fundamental source.
Development of a high performance hybrid epoxy silicone resin for coatings (2010)

Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel organic‐inorganic (epoxy‐silicone) hybrid resin for application in heat resistant surface coatings. Design/methodology/approach – Thermally stable aminosilicone resin was prepared by using diethoxydimethyl silane and γ‐aminopropyldiethoxy methyl silane. Findings – The hybrid epoxy silicone resin shows significant properties such as toughness, chemical resistance and thermal stability. Research limitations/implications – The prepared amino siloxane was cured by commercially available epoxy resin PG 100 and toluene diisocyanate in different ratios at high as well as at room temperature to develop high‐temperature vulcanisation and room temperature vulcanisation resin systems. Practical implications – The hybrid epoxy silicone resin may be used as heat resistant coatings due to their low shrinkage and lesser internal stress. Originality/value – The developed hybrid epoxy silicone resin was novel for application in thermally stable coatings.
Cinemicrographic observations on the trophoblast and zona pellucida of the mouse blastocyst (1967)

ABSTRACT The behaviour of mouse blastocysts during penetration and shedding of the zona pellucida was studied in vitro by time lapse cinemicrography. Blastocysts obtained by super-ovulation were filmed in Waymouth’s medium MB 725/1 in a specially designed disposable plastic chamber with a gas space buffered to maintain 5 % CO 2 in air. Mouse blastocysts undergo cycles of rapid contraction (4–5 min) followed by slower re-expansion (2–3 h), both before and after penetration of the zona. The zona also exhibits slight elasticity unless excessively stretched. The initial penetration of the zona was followed in detail and appears to be the result of specific cellular activity, not non-specific herniation due to increasing blastocoelic pressure. Rotation of the blastocyst was also observed.
Effect of scaffold dilution on migration of mesenchymal stem cells from fibrin hydrogels (2012)

MSC migration from fibrin hydrogels increased with dilution of the fibrinogen component for both autologous and commercial sources. These data supported the feasibility of using diluted fibrin hydrogels for rapid delivery of MSCs to the surface of damaged tissues.
Inversion in Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Capacitors on Boron-Doped Diamond (2015)

For the advancement of diamond-based electronic devices, the fabrication of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) is crucial, as this device finds applications in numerous fields of power electronics and high-frequency systems. The MOS capacitor forms the basic building block of the MOSFET. In this letter, we describe planar MOS capacitor structures fabricated with atomic layer deposited aluminum oxide as the dielectric on oxygen-terminated boron-doped diamond substrates with different doping levels. Using capacitance-voltage measurements, we have, for the first time, observed inversion behavior in MOS structures on boron-doped diamond, with a doping concentration of 4.1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
Nicotinate adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) triggers a specific calcium release system in sea urchin eggs (1995)

Page 3217, first column, line 59: Bernovsky should be spelled Bernofsky. Page 3217, first column, line 67: Parentheses should be (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form) instead of (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide reduced form). Page 3217, first column, line 69: Bernovsky should be spelled Bernofsky. Page 3220, second column, line 28: Brenofsky should be spelled Bernofsky, and number of the reference after Bernofsky ought to be (16) instead of (14). Page 3223, second column, line 6: Correct reference 16 is Bernofsky, C. (1980) Methods Enzymol. 66, 105–112 instead of Bernovsky, C. (1982) Methods Enzymol. 66, 105–112.
Audio Assisted Robust Visual Tracking With Adaptive Particle Filtering (2014)

The problem of tracking multiple moving speakers in indoor environments has received much attention. Earlier techniques were based purely on a single modality, e.g., vision. Recently, the fusion of multi-modal information has been shown to be instrumental in improving tracking performance, as well as robustness in the case of challenging situations like occlusions (by the limited field of view of cameras or by other speakers). However, data fusion algorithms often suffer from noise corrupting the sensor measurements which cause non-negligible detection errors. Here, a novel approach to combining audio and visual data is proposed. We employ the direction of arrival angles of the audio sources to reshape the typical Gaussian noise distribution of particles in the propagation step and to weight the observation model in the measurement step. This approach is further improved by solving a typical problem associated with the PF, whose efficiency and accuracy usually depend on the number of particles and noise variance used in state estimation and particle propagation. Both parameters are specified beforehand and kept fixed in the regular PF implementation which makes the tracker unstable in practice. To address these problems, we design an algorithm which adapts both the number of particles and noise variance based on tracking error and the area occupied by the particles in the image. Experiments on the AV16.3 dataset show the advantage of our proposed methods over the baseline PF method and an existing adaptive PF algorithm for tracking occluded speakers with a significantly reduced number of particles.
Tumor necrosis factor enhances the capsaicin sensitivity of rat sensory neurons (1997)

The capacity of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), to modulate the sensitivity of isolated sensory neurons grown in culture to the excitatory chemical agent capsaicin was examined. Alterations in capsaicin sensitivity were assessed by quantifying the number of neurons labeled with cobalt after exposure to capsaicin and by recording the whole-cell response from a single neuron to the focal application of capsaicin. A 24 hr pretreatment of the neuronal cultures with TNFα (10 or 50 ng/ml), but not IL-1β (10 or 50 ng/ml), produced a concentration-dependent increase in the number of cobalt-labeled neurons after exposure to 100 nm capsaicin. The peak increase in the number of labeled neurons was attained after a 4 hr treatment with 10 ng/ml TNFα. Similarly, pretreatment with TNFα (10 ng/ml for 4, 12, and 24 hr) produced a greater than twofold increase in the average peak amplitude of the inward current evoked by 100 nm capsaicin. Both the TNFα-induced increase in labeling and current amplitude were blocked by treating the neuronal cultures with indomethacin before the addition of TNFα. Enhancement of the capsaicin-evoked current also was blocked by the specific cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor SC-236. These results indicate that TNFα can enhance the sensitivity of sensory neurons to the excitation produced by capsaicin and that this enhancement likely is mediated by the neuronal production of prostaglandins. Isolated sensory neurons grown in culture may prove to be a useful model system in which to explore how prolonged exposure to mediators associated with chronic inflammation alter the regulatory pathways that modulate the excitability of the nervous system.
The importance of property‐specific attributes in assessing CBD office building quality (2005)

Purpose This paper identifies the importance of key factors influencing the quality of CBD office buildings. An office building quality index (BQI) is constructed and its relationship with net rent assessed. Design/methodology/approach The importance of 30 property‐specific CBD office building attributes on the quality of CBD office buildings is assessed using a survey of property industry respondents. The analytical hierarchy process procedure is used to determine weights for each of these attributes to construct an office BQI. Findings Findings indicate that functionality (31.0 per cent), services (22.6 per cent), access and circulation (16.4 per cent), presentation (13.1 per cent), management (11.5 per cent) and amenities (5.4 per cent) are the order of importance in assessing office building quality. There was found to be a strong functional relationship between office building quality and net rent. Practical implications A better understanding of the factors influencing CBD office building quality is determined, with a more effective and practical office BQI developed for benchmarking purposes in property portfolios. Originality/value Importance of CBD office building attributes is determined and a new CBD office BQI is developed for practical implementation in the property industry.
Development of high-speed and real-time vision platform, H<sup>3</sup> vision (2009)

In this paper, we introduce a high-speed vision platform, H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (Hiroshima hyper human) vision, which can simultaneously process a 1024 × 1024 pixel image at 1000 fps and a 256 × 256 pixel image at 10000 fps by implementing image processing algorithms as hardware logic on a dedicated FPGA board. Various types of algorithms are actually implemented to show that H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> Vision can work a high-speed image processing engine. Experimental results are shown for multi-target color tracking, feature point tracking, optical flow detection, and pattern recognition by using high-order local auto-correlation (HLAC) feature at a frame rate of 1000 fps or more.
Watermarking in JPEG bitstream (2005)

In a previous work we proposed an algorithm to embed watermark bits directly in a compressed bitstream. The embedding algorithm is reversible, requires no decompression, causes no increase in file size, and is fast. The problem is that the watermarked bitstream will either lose format-compliance or suffer unacceptable visual degradation. We have now solved these problems for JPEG streams. The algorithm determines the AC VLC codespace that is actually used by the image. Watermarking specific VLCs places the resulting codewords outside of the used codespace, but still within the orignal VLC table specified in JPEG standard. To keep the watermarked stream format-compliant and visually acceptable, the run/size values of watermarked VLCs are remapped in a way to keep visual degradation to a minimum. Since watermarked VLCs are never used in the image, this remapping does not alter the image outside of watermarked VLC codespace.