gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF LEVERAGE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE(EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN FOOD AND FERTILIZER SECTOR) (2020)

The financial decision taken by the management regarding the optimal level of capital structure to maximize the wealth of the shareholder is very critical. In order to maximize the return to stockholders the managers make the use of debt and if the high amount of debt is used by the management it leads to increase the financial cost and financial risk of the firm. This study investigates the effect of three types of the degree of leverage, degree of operating leverage, degree of financial leverage and the degree of combined leverage on the financial performance of the firms of food and fertilizer sector registered under PSE. The sample of the study includes 20 listed companies for the time period 2008-2015. Some of the companies have been excluded because the data was not available for this study period. The statistical tests that were used in this study includes: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, unit root test and random effect regression model. The measures like ROA (return on assets), EVA (economic value added) and Tobins were used to determine the firms financial performance. Since the financial performance of the firms is not only affected by the leverage therefore firm size has also been used in this study as a control variable. The result of this study reveal that the degree of financial leverage and combined leverage have not significant impact on the financial performance measured by return on assets but degree of operating leverage has negative significant impact on return on asset. Firm size also has no impact on the financial performance measured by ROA. Firms financial performance measured by the EVA (economic value added) is significantly and inversely affected by the DOL (degree of operating leverage) and DFL (degree of financial leverage). Performance measured by Tobins q is not significantly affected by DOL (degree of financial leverage), DFL (degree of operating leverage) and DCL (degree of combined leverage). Firms size has significant negative impact on the performance measured by Tobins Q. The results of this study supports to the pecking order theory of capital structure because firms performance measured in term of economic value added is significantly and negatively affected by the leverage. From the findings of the study it recommended that the managers of firms should control the fixed cost to avoid the operating leverage and focus to increase the revenue of firms. Moreover, the management should pay more attention to optimal level of debt and equity financing to avoid from liquidation and with technological advancement the firms needs to invest in more efficient and technologically advanced assets that will lead to improved efficiency. Instead of holding funds into large assets which are less profitable, its better for the firms to invest them in positive NPV projects.
Vortex suppression and drag reduction in the wake of counter-rotating cylinders (2011)

The flow over a pair of counter-rotating cylinders is investigated numerically and experimentally. It is demonstrated that it is possible to suppress unsteady vortex shedding for gap sizes from one to five cylinder diameters, at Reynolds numbers from 100 to 200, expanding on the more limited work by Chan & Jameson ( Intl J. Numer. Meth. Fluids , vol. 63, 2010, p. 22). The degree of unsteady wake suppression is proportional to the speed and the direction of rotation, and there is a critical rotation rate where a complete suppression of flow unsteadiness can be achieved. In the doublet-like configuration at higher rotational speeds, a virtual elliptic body that resembles a potential doublet is formed, and the drag is reduced to zero. The shape of the elliptic body primarily depends on the gap between the two cylinders and the speed of rotation. Prior to the formation of the elliptic body, a second instability region is observed, similar to that seen in studies of single rotating cylinders. It is also shown that the unsteady wake suppression can be achieved by rotating each cylinder in the opposite direction, that is, in a reverse doublet-like configuration. This tends to minimize the wake interaction of the cylinder pair and the second instability does not make an appearance over the range of speeds investigated here.
Stable contact force control of a link manipulator with collision phenomena (2002)

A methodology using the Lyapunov direct method is proposed to analyze the stability of a one-link manipulator system which is positioned on a flexible wall with collision phenomenon. Experimental results of collision control are included. As collision is a phenomenon with energy loss, it is considered to have a stabilizing effect to a system which includes collision. However, from the point of view of robotics, a controlled system shows poor controllability, if collision occurs. The authors have adopted a Herz-type model with energy loss parameter to express the impact force between the manipulator and the wall. Using this model, they prove the stabilizing effect of collision using the Lyapunov method. An experiment was also carried out to show the possibility of stable control including collision using sensor-based force control. As a result, the stable contact control of the manipulator on the flexible object is assured.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Induction Heating of Nanosized Ferrite Particles (2012)

Abstract Review: 36 refs.
Neurotransmitter receptor activation triggers p27Kip1 and p21CIP1 accumulation and G1 cell cycle arrest in oligodendrocyte progenitors (1999)

We examined the pathways that link neurotransmitter receptor activation and cell cycle arrest in oligodendrocyte progenitors. We had previously demonstrated that glutamate receptor activation inhibits oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation and lineage progression. Here, using purified oligodendrocyte progenitors and cerebellar slice cultures, we show that norepinephrine and the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol also inhibited the proliferation, but in contrast to glutamate, isoproterenol stimulated progenitor lineage progression, as determined by O4 and O1 antibody staining. This antiproliferative effect was specifically attributable to a beta-adrenoceptor-mediated increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate, since analogs of this cyclic nucleotide mimicked the effects of isoproterenol on oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation, while alpha-adrenoceptor agonists were ineffective. Despite the opposite effects on lineage progression, both isoproterenol and the glutamate receptor agonist kainate caused accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27(Kip1)and p21(CIP1), and G1 arrest. Studies with oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from INK4a-/- mice indicated that the G1 cyclin kinase inhibitor p16(INK4a) as well as p19(ARF)were not required for agonist-stimulated proliferation arrest. Our results demonstrate that beta-adrenergic and glutamatergic receptor activation inhibit oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation through a mechanism that may involve p27(Kip1) and p21(CIP1); but while neurotransmitter-induced accumulation of p27(Kip1) is associated with cell cycle arrest, it does not by itself promote oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation.
N6-Substituted Adenosine Derivatives : Radioprotection, Whole Body Distribution, and Their Effects on Blood Pressure and Respiration Rates. (1974)

Six derivatives of adenosine were examined on their pharmacological actions and whole body distribution in relation to their radioprotective action. They all caused a large drop in blood pressure and slowdown of pulse rate in rats. Respiration rate was slightly decreased with concomitant overbreathing. Labeled compounds of two of these adenosine derivatives, N-(14C-2-hydroxyethyl) adenosine and N-(35S-2-mercaptoethyl) adenosine, were synthesized. Whole body autoradiographic study in mice showed a significant accumulation of the compounds in liver, spleen, intestinal mucosa, and bone marrow.
Comparativa de algoritmos: cifrado simétrico (2004)

La criptografia es el estudio de la escritura (grafi) secreta (cripto). Una definicion de la misma es el arte o ciencia que engloba los principios y metodos de transformacion de un mensaje inteligible en uno no inteligible. Hace uso de un dato secreto denominado clave.
First-Principles Characterization of the Unknown Crystal Structure and Ionic Conductivity of Li<sub>7</sub>P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>8</sub>I as a Solid Electrolyte for High-Voltage Li Ion Batteries (2016)

Using first-principles density functional theory calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, we demonstrate the crystal structure of the Li7P2S8I (LPSI) and Li ionic conductivity at room temperature with its atomic-level mechanism. By successively applying three rigorous conceptual approaches, we identify that the LPSI has a similar symmetry class as Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) material and estimate the Li ionic conductivity to be 0.3 mS cm(-1) with an activation energy of 0.20 eV, similar to the experimental value of 0.63 mS cm(-1). Iodine ions provide an additional path for Li ion diffusion, but a strong Li-I attractive interaction degrades the Li ionic transport. Calculated density of states (DOS) for LPSI indicate that electrochemical instability can be substantially improved by incorporating iodine at the Li metallic anode via forming a LiI compound. Our methods propose the computational design concept for a sulfide-based solid electrolyte with heteroatom doping for high-voltage Li ion batteries.
NK cell education after allogeneic transplantation: dissociation between recovery of cytokine-producing and cytotoxic functions (2011)

Natural killer (NK) cells mediate GVL effects after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) by the production of inflammatory cytokines and by direct target lysis. The acquisition of both functions was presumed to be developmentally linked, but this linkage remained unstudied after allo-HCT. We tested the cytokine production and degranulation of reconstituting NK cells after adult unrelated donor or umbilical cord blood grafting. Recipients of T cell-depleted transplants, receiving no immune suppression, showed diminished NK cell degranulation. In contrast, degranulation was normal or increased after T-cell replete transplants given with immune suppression. Strikingly, target cell-induced IFNγ production was markedly diminished in all transplant settings, especially with T cell-depleted or naive T cell-containing umbilical cord blood grafts, suggesting a role for T cells in NK education. Although degranulation was similar in the KIR(+) and KIR(-) populations that coexpressed NKG2A, target cell-induced IFNγ production was limited to the subset of NK cells expressing KIR inhibited by self-ligands. Thus, cytokine production and cytotoxic function do not consistently coexist in NK cells reconstituting after allo-HCT. Exposure to IL-15 rapidly increased target-inducible IFNγ production, indicative of IL-15's potential as a therapeutic tool to enhance NK cell function to protect against infection and relapse after allo-HCT.
Yeast Creates a Niche for Symbiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria through Nitrogen Overflow (2017)

Many microorganisms live in communities and depend on metabolites secreted by fellow community members for survival. Yet our knowledge of interspecies metabolic dependencies is limited to few communities with small number of exchanged metabolites, and even less is known about cellular regulation facilitating metabolic exchange. Here we show how yeast enables growth of lactic acid bacteria through endogenous, multi-component, cross-feeding in a readily established community. In nitrogen-rich environments, Saccharomyces cerevisiae adjusts its metabolism by secreting a pool of metabolites, especially amino acids, and thereby enables survival of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis. Quantity of the available nitrogen sources and the status of nitrogen catabolite repression pathways jointly modulate this niche creation. We demonstrate how nitrogen overflow by yeast benefits L. plantarum in grape juice, and contributes to emergence of mutualism with L. lactis in a medium with lactose. Our results illustrate how metabolic decisions of an individual species can benefit others.
Impaired resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection after selective in vivo depletion of L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ T cells (1987)

The resistance of mice against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection after selective in vivo depletion of L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ T cells was studied. Thymectomized mice were treated with rat monoclonal antibodies against the L3T4 or Lyt-2 molecule to selectively eliminate the respective T-cell subset. In both L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ T-cell-depleted mice, resistance against subsequent infection with M. tuberculosis was markedly impaired compared with that in untreated controls, with L3T4+ T-cell-depleted mice showing more pronounced effects. Simultaneous depletion of L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ T cells did not further exacerbate infection. These findings suggest that both L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ T cells are involved in the acquisition of resistance against tuberculosis.
Towards elucidation of microbial community metabolic pathways: unravelling the network of carbon sharing in a pollutant‐degrading bacterial consortium by immunocapture and isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (1999)

Although much information on metabolic pathways within individual organisms is available, little is known about the pathways operating in natural communities in which extensive sharing of nutritional resources is the rule. In order to analyse such a consortium pathway, we have investigated the flow of 4-chlorosalicylate as carbon substrate within a simple chemostat microbial community using 13C-labelled metabolites and isotopic ratio mass spectrometric analysis of label enrichment in immunocaptured member populations of the community. A complex pathway network of carbon sharing was thereby revealed, involving two different metabolic routes, one of which is completely novel and involves the toxic metabolite protoanemonin. The high stability of the community results, at least in part, from interdependencies based on carbon sharing and the rapid removal of toxic metabolites.
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group fixed-dose study of a potential adjuvant compound, VML-670 (2007)

Sexual dysfunction is common during acute and continuation treatment of depressed patients with selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) re-uptake inhibitors (ssRIs), but there is no consensus on clinical management. Compounds with 5-HT(1A) agonist properties have been proposed as adjuvant agents in patients continuing with ssRIs. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group fixed-dose 4-week treatment study. Previously depressed male or female patients in symptomatic remission receiving stable doses of fluoxetine or paroxetine but experiencing treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction were randomised to double-blind treatment with placebo or VML-670 (a 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1D) agonist). sexual dysfunction was assessed by the Arizona sexual Experiences scale (ASEX). Two-hundred and eighty-eight patients (204 women, 84 men; mean age 44.2 years) received VML-670 (n = 149; 107 women, 42 men) or placebo (n = 139; 97 women, 42 men). In the intention-to-treat, last-observation carried forward analysis (n = 282), proportionately more patients became free of sexual dysfunction with VML-670 (34.3% versus 27.9% with placebo) but this difference was not statistically significant. Male patients treated with VML-670 showed a significantly greater (p =0.01) improvement in ability to achieve and maintain penile erection (a secondary outcome measure). A similar proportion of patients reported on-treatment, treatment-emergent adverse events with VML-670 (71.1%) and placebo (68.3%), and a similar proportion experienced at least one treatment-related adverse event (36.9% versus 35.3%). Double-blind treatment with VML-670 offered no significant advantage over placebo on the primary outcome measure in the overall sample. Further studies may be warranted in larger groups of male patients with sexual dysfunction.
End-to-side nerve repair. A review. (2000)

In recent years, there has been a resurgence of end-to-side peripheral nerve repair. This technique offers a management of a peripheral nerve defect in the absence of a suitable proximal stump. Although numerous animal laboratory investigations demonstrate motor and sensory functional recovery without deleterious effects to the donor nerve, clinical outcomes are yet to be determined.
Rotor cage anomalies and unbalanced magnetic pull in single-phase induction motors (1997)

This paper consists of an experimental and theoretical investigation of the effect that rotor cage defects have on the unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) present in a single-phase motor. The paper presents a detailed development of a mathematical model which can be used to examine both porosity and soldering defects in cage rotors. In the experimental investigation, the UMP developed by a number of nominally identical motors that were known to have rotor defects was measured using a specially designed test rig. The rotors were then divided into two equal groups. The rotor bars in the first group were removed from the rotors and their resistance measured to determine the range and distribution of porosity defects around the periphery of the rotor. The ovality of the rotors of the second group was carefully measured, and their end rings were turned off to enable the bar-to-bar resistance to be measured. This was done for all pairs of adjacent bars in the rotors of the second group, giving again an indication of the range and circumferential distribution of soldering defects.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLES THROUGH NITRENES (1974)

Abstract Aromatische Nitroverbindungen werden mit Triäthylphosphit umgesetzt und hierbei als Zwischenstufen Nitrene gebildet, die zu Ringschlußreaktionen führen, z.B. gemäß Gl.
Trapezoidal titanium cage in anterior cervical interbody fusion: a clinical experience. (2005)

Based on this primary clinical experience, the trapezoid-design, titanium-alloy cage provided adequate mechanical support and stability in the disc space and an excellent fusion result without significant subsidence of disc height or any other complications.
Securing Patient Information in MedicalDatabases (2011)

In hospitals, medical data is stored in databases. These medical databases store anything from
diagnoses to patient information. Some of the data in a medical database is sensitive and access to
this data should be limited to authorized persons. Furthermore, the integrity of the data should
be protected to prevent unauthorized persons from making alterations. Currently, the medical
database itself controls access to the data to prevent unauthorized disclosure of, and control
alterations to, the data. However, this puts a lot of trust in the database. The database itself can
access and alter the data and therefore the database administration can as well. If the database
server is subject to a successful hacking attempt, all data stored in the database is visible to the
attacker. We aim to reduce the risk of information leakage and we want to protect the integrity
of the data, without trusting the database. Even if the database server is compromised, the data
remains con�dential and any alterations to the data can be detected easily.
We identi�ed entities who have, or should not have, access to the database and discussed the
security requirements of a medical database. We discussed several encryption schemes that can
be used to provide con�dentiality of the data, in particular Type-Based Proxy Re-Encryption, and
signatures schemes, such as the Bilinear Aggregate Signature Scheme, to provide data integrity.
A prototype of a secure medical database was implemented and run to compare the performance
of a secure medical database against a non-secure medical database.
Our contributions are a theoretical discussion on the security of a medical database, the
implementation of a prototype to simulate a secure medical database and the results of several
experiments that we conducted. In this thesis, we show that the performance impact of providing
con�dentiality and integrity within a medical database is considerable. Even though our prototype
is relatively slow, in practice the impact is probably less. If a doctor has to wait only one second
to retrieve information of a patient, as opposed to waiting a few milliseconds with the non-secure
medical database, the security bene�ts will outweigh the performance impact. Furthermore, by
using a re-encryption scheme, a part of the decryption process, namely the re-encryption, can be
o�oaded to a proxy, thereby spreading the computational costs. Additionally, we have shown
that our prototype scales linearly, which is an interesting property when large databases need to
be secured. This leads to the conclusion that securely designing a medical database is possible
without putting trust in the database itself.
Nuclear Import of Plasmid DNA in Digitonin-permeabilized Cells Requires Both Cytoplasmic Factors and Specific DNA Sequences (1999)

Although much is known about the mechanisms of signal-mediated protein and RNA nuclear import and export, little is understood concerning the nuclear import of plasmid DNA. Plasmids between 4.2 and 14.4 kilobases were specifically labeled using a fluorescein-conjugated peptide nucleic acid clamp. The resulting substrates were capable of gene expression and nuclear localization in microinjected cells in the absence of cell division. To elucidate the requirements for plasmid nuclear import, a digitonin-permeabilized cell system was adapted to follow the nuclear localization of plasmids. Nuclear import of labeled plasmid was time- and energy-dependent, was inhibited by the lectin wheat germ agglutinin, and showed an absolute requirement for cytoplasmic extract. Addition of nuclear extract alone did not support plasmid nuclear import but in combination with cytoplasm stimulated plasmid nuclear localization. Whereas addition of purified importin alpha, importin beta, and RAN was sufficient to support protein nuclear import, plasmid nuclear import also required the addition of nuclear extract. Finally, nuclear import of plasmid DNA was sequence-specific, requiring a region of the SV40 early promoter and enhancer. Taken together, these results confirm and extend our findings in microinjected cells and support a protein-mediated mechanism for plasmid nuclear import.
Making way for intelligence in case space (1995)

Courts should and eventually will adopt modern information systems that allow all transactions presently occurring on paper to be conducted and reviewed electronically. The widespread deployment and interconnection of such systems will pose dramatic opportunities and challenges for artificial intelligence and law.
The far-ultraviolet spectrum of <i>γ</i> Cassiopeiae (1970)

The ultraviolet spectrum of γ Cas from 1060 to 2120 Å is described.