gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T lymphocytes respond to solid-phase antigen: a novel approach to the molecular analysis of cellular immunity. (1986)

Using cloned human T lymphocytes reactive with a 24 amino acid peptide (p20) of the carboxyl terminus of the HA-1 molecule of influenza haemagglutinin (HA), we have investigated the ability of solid-phase antigen to induce antigen-specific T-cell proliferation. The activation by nitrocellulose-bound virus and p20 was accessory-cell dependent and was not caused by immobilized antigen directly cross-linking the specific receptors. Furthermore, we report that separation of complex antigen mixtures such as influenza virus and HA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions (SDS-PAGE) followed by transfer to a nitrocellulose membrane can be used to allow direct screening of individual polypeptides in T-cell proliferation assays. With this immunoblotting procedure the antigenic site recognized by HA-reactive T cells was confirmed to reside in the HA-1 molecule of influenza virus of only the appropriate subtype. The general application of this approach is discussed in the case of infections and autoimmune diseases in which the immune response is predominantly T-cell mediated and where antibody studies may fail to identify key antigenic determinants involved in the activation of T cells.
Herstellung α‐thiolierter Carbonylverbindungen (1976)

Abstract α‐Thiolierte Carbonylverbindungen d ‐ g sind für synthetische Transformationen nützlich (Schema 1) und lessen sich durch direkte Thiolierung von Lithiumenolaten mit Sulfenylchoriden (CH 3 und C 6 H 5 ), Disulfiden [Ch 3 , C 6 H 5 und CSN(CH 3 ) 2 ] und elementarem Schwefel leicht herstellen. Am saubersten verlaufen die Thiolierungen, wenn man die Enolate zu einer bei −100°C gerührten Sulfenylchoridlösung in THF gibt. Methyl‐ und Phenyl‐Thiolierungen von Aldehyden 1 – 3 sind nur so möglich. Mit Thiuramdisulfid reagieren Aldehyd‐, Keton‐und Esterenolate zwischen‐30° und 0°C. Lithiumenolate von Ketonen ( 5c – 14c ) setzen sich bei Raumtemperatur auch mit Diphenyldisulfid, Ester‐ und Lactonenolate auch mit dem weniger reaktiven Dimethyl‐disulfid und doppelt metallierte Carbonsäuren ( 15 ‐ 21 )sogar mit Schwefel um.
History and Evolution of Methods for Solving the Inverse Problem (1991)

This article serves as an introduction to the other articles in this issue devoted to the problem of the localization of neural generators. Elements of the theory of electric volume conduction are briefly introduced, as far as these apply to the interpretation of observed scalp potentials. First, some basic methods for display of the different aspects of the spatiotemporal information are described. Next, the most prominent source and volume conductor models that have been postulated for the involved forward problem are summarized. The problems of source identification and source localization, known as the inverse problem, are then formulated in terms of a parameter estimation procedure. The importance of introducing a priori information in the inverse problem, aimed at stabilizing (regularizing) the obtained solution, is emphasized. Methods for imposing such constraints are briefly outlined.
Materials Requirements of High-Speed and Low-Power Spin-Orbit-Torque Magnetic Random-Access Memory (2020)

As spin-orbit-torque magnetic random-access memory (SOT-MRAM) is gathering great interest as the next-generation low-power and high-speed on-chip cache memory applications, it is critical to analyze the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) properties needed to achieve sub-ns, and ~fJ write operation when integrated with CMOS access transistors. In this paper, a 2T-1MTJ cell-level modeling framework for in-plane type Y SOT-MRAM suggests that high spin Hall conductivity and moderate SOT material sheet resistance are preferred. We benchmark write energy and speed performances of type Y SOT cells based on various SOT materials experimentally reported in the literature, including heavy metals, topological insulators and semimetals. We then carry out detailed benchmarking of SOT material Pt, β-W, and BixSe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(1-x)</sub> with different thickness and resistivity. We further discuss how our 2T-1MTJ model can be expanded to analyze other variations of SOT-MRAM, including perpendicular (type Z) and type X SOT-MRAM, two-terminal SOT-MRAM, as well as spin-transfer-torque (STT) and voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA)-assisted SOT-MRAM. This work will provide essential guidelines for SOT-MRAM materials, devices, and circuits research in the future.
Agonist activation of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) sensitizes malignant pleural mesothelioma cells to cisplatin cytotoxicity (2014)

Together, the data presented suggest that selective targeting of ERβ may be an efficacious stand-alone treatment option and/or become an important add-on to existing malignant mesothelioma therapy.
Sequence Diversity of the Factor H Binding Protein Vaccine Candidate in Epidemiologically Relevant Strains of Serogroup B<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> (2009)

The diversity of strains observed underscores the importance of studying the distribution of the vaccine antigen itself rather than relying on common epidemiological surrogates such as MLST.
Immune Cell–Derived C3 Is Required for Autoimmune Diabetes Induced by Multiple Low Doses of Streptozotocin (2010)

The data reveal a key role for immune cell-derived C3 in the pathogenesis of murine multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes and support the concept that immune cell mediated diabetes is in part complement-dependent.
Review article: current management of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (2008)

Awareness of the tremendous impact of NAFLD as an important cause of chronic liver disease is increasing along with a great deal of information about its pathogenesis. Future, well-designed clinical trials that target specific pathways involved in the pathogenesis of NASH are urgently needed.
Entry Into Practice (2003)

Finksburg, MD Editor's note: In February 2002 Michael Desjardins wrote a Viewpoint in which he supported multiple routes of entry into professional nursing. In October 2002, AJN published an opposing Viewpoint by Susan E. Shapiro, who favors requiring a baccalaureate degree for entry into practice. Although we received a few letters in response to the first Viewpoint, many more readers wrote to us about Shapiro's article, most vehemently opposing her comments. As the nursing shortage worsens, several readers pointed out that the debate about educational requirements for entry into professional nursing practice seems academic (pun intended). What's clear is that this is an emotionally charged debate, and many feel that even discussing the topic devalues nurses who've attended associate's degree programs or diploma schools. Following is a sampling of the mail we've received in response to Shapiro's article as well as her response.
Coal Combustion By‐Product Use on Acid Soil: Effects on Maize Growth and Soil pH and Electrical Conductivity (1995)

Many coal combustion by-products (CCBP's) such as fly ashes, fluidized bed combustion BP's, and flue gas desulfurization BP's (FGD-BP's) are produced when coal is burned for generation of electricity. Most of these CCBP's are disposed in landfills/surface impoundments, and interest has arisen in using these BP's on agricultural land, especially as an acid soil amendment. Leaf area per gram shoot dry matter yield (DMY) was relatively constant over all experiments and the mean value for plants grown in unamended soil was 35.8 m2 kg-1 shoot DMY. Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) values were similar before and after plants were grown in pots. The maize hybrid used in greenhouse studies grew relatively well on the unamended acid Porters soil. The results provide information about the effects of CCBP's added to acid soil, especially FGD-BP's, on maize growth and on soil pH and EC under fairly optimal growth conditions.
A low cost high performance MMIC low noise downconverter for direct broadcast satellite reception (2002)

A low-cost single-chip receiver designed for use as a direct-broadcast satellite (DBS) receiver operating over 11.7 to 12.2 GHz is described. The chip comprises a low-noise amplifier, an image filter, an active mixer, an IF filter, an IF amplifier, and a local oscillator, replacing about 50 discrete components in a typical outdoor DBS receiver. The unit is housed in a low-cost hermetic package and requires only a dielectric resonator for proper operation. With power supplies of +6 V and -5 V, the typical noise figure is about 5 dB, with a conversion gain of about 36 dB. The device is manufactured using a 0.5- mu m, buried p-layer GaAs MESFET IC process without substrate vias.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Study of Bone Thickness Measurement by Using Infrared Sensor for Pedicle Screw Insertion (2013)

Pedicle Screw was used for spinal fixation since 1944 by King. There are several techniques were used for pedicle screw placement purpose. The common technique used by the surgeon was free hand and image guided technique. For the deepness measurement of pedicle screw insertion, it depends on a palpation of doctor to judge the boundary between the cortex and cancellous bone. This technique still has a possibility to give an error (e.g. misplacement of screw and injury) in surgical processes due to the subjective judgment. The existing bone thickness and screw dimension can be determined preoperatively using imaging procedures (CT Scan) which is off-line technique. This paper was discussed a new technique for measurement of bone thickness by using an infrared sensor. Three specimens were used in this study and the result showed that it has a good relationship between bone thickness and amount of light that received by an infrared sensor. This technique has high possibility to detect different bone thicknesses.
Identification and toxicological evaluation of impurities in technical malathion and fenthion (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification and toxicological evaluation of impurities in technical malathion and fenthionRobert F. Toia, Ralph B. March, Noriharu Umetsu, N. Moorthy Mallipudi, Reza Allahyari, and T. Roy FukutoCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1980, 28, 3, 599–604Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60229a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60229a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Full Oncogenic Activity of Ret/ptc2 Depends on Tyrosine 539, a Docking Site for Phospholipase Cγ (1996)

RET/PTC oncogenes, generated by chromosomal rearrangements in papillary thyroid carcinomas, are constitutively activated versions of proto-RET, a gene coding for a receptor-type tyrosine kinase (TK) whose ligand is still unknown. RET/PTCs encode fusion proteins in which proto-RET TK and C-terminal domains are fused to different donor genes. The respective Ret/ptc oncoproteins display constitutive TK activity and tyrosine phosphorylation. We found that Ret/ptcs associate with and phosphorylate the SH2-containing transducer phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma). Two putative PLCgamma docking sites, Tyr-505 and Tyr-539, have been identified on Ret/ptc2 by competition experiments using phosphorylated peptides modelled on Ret sequence. Transfection experiments and biochemical analysis using Tyr-->Phe mutants of Ret/ptc2 allowed us to rule out Tyr-505 and to identify Tyr-539 as a functional PLCgamma docking site in vivo. Moreover, kinetic measurements showed that Tyr-539 is able to mediate high-affinity interaction with PLCgamma. Mutation of Tyr-539 resulted in a drastically reduced oncogenic activity of Ret/ptc2 on NIH 3T3 cells (75 to 90% reduction) both in vitro and in vivo, which correlates with impaired ability of Ret/ptc2 to activate PLCgamma. In conclusion, this paper demonstrates that Tyr-539 of Ret/ptc2 (Tyr-761 on the proto-RET product) is an essential docking site for the full transforming potential of the oncogene. In addition, the present data identify PLCgamma as a downstream effector of Ret/ptcs and suggest that this transducing molecule could play a crucial role in neoplastic signalling triggered by Ret/ptc oncoproteins.
Vessel co‐option in primary human tumors and metastases: an obstacle to effective anti‐angiogenic treatment? (2013)

Angiogenesis has been regarded as essential for tumor growth and progression. Studies of many human tumors, however, suggest that their microcirculation may be provided by nonsprouting vessels and that a variety of tumors can grow and metastasize without angiogenesis. Vessel co-option, where tumor cells migrate along the preexisting vessels of the host organ, is regarded as an alternative tumor blood supply. Vessel co-option may occur in many malignancies, but so far mostly reported in highly vascularized tissues such as brain, lung, and liver. In primary and metastatic lung cancer and liver metastasis from different primary origins, as much as 10-30% of the tumors are reported to use this alternative blood supply. In addition, vessel co-option is introduced as a potential explanation of antiangiogenic drug resistance, although the impact of vessel co-option in this clinical setting is still to be further explored. In this review we discuss tumor vessel co-option with specific examples of vessel co-option in primary and secondary tumors and a consideration of the clinical implications of this alternative tumor blood supply.
gamma Ray induced deoxyribonucleic acid strand breaks. 3' Glycolate termini. (1983)

Gamma irradiation of DNA in aqueous solution produces single strand breaks with two types of 3'-termini. These termini have been identified as a simple phosphoryl group and a glycolate moiety attached to the 3'-phosphoryl group via the 2"-OH of glycolic acid. Irradiation of 5'-end labeled poly(dG) produces compounds that comigrate with authentic 3',5'-dGDP and 2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-(phospho-2"-O-glycolic acid-5'-monophosphate by thin layer chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Irradiation of poly(dGdC) followed by digestion to 3'-nucleotides produces 2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-(phospho-2"-O-glycolic acid). The presence of glycolate termini at some strand breaks may affect intracellular repair of these lesions.
Highly Active Palladium/Activated Carbon Catalysts for Heck Reactions: Correlation of Activity, Catalyst Properties, and Pd Leaching (2002)

A variety of palladium on activated carbon catalysts differing in Pd dispersion, Pd distribution, Pd oxidation state, and water content were tested in Heck reactions of aryl bromides with olefins. The optimization of the catalyst (structure-activity relationship) and reaction conditions (temperature, solvent, base, and Pd loading) allowed Pd/C catalysts with very high activity for Heck reactions of unactivated bromobenzene (turnover number (TON) approximately 18000, turnover frequency (TOF) up to 9000, Pd concentrations down to 0.005 mol %) to be developed. High Pd dispersion, low degree of reduction, sufficient content of water, and uniform Pd impregnation are criteria for the most active system. The catalysts combine high activity and selectivity under ambient conditions (air and moisture), easy separation (filtration), and quantitative recovery of palladium. Determination of Pd in solution after and during the reaction, and catalyst characterization before and after the reaction (transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD)), indicate dissolution/reprecipitation of palladium during the reaction. The Pd concentration in solution is highest at the beginning of the reaction and is a minimum (< 1 ppm) at the end of the reaction. Palladium leaching correlates significantly with the reaction parameters.
Isolation and characterization of a variant somatostatin-14 and two related somatostatins of 34 and 37 residues from lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). (1988)

Three major forms of somatostatin were isolated from pancreas of the lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). One of the two major forms is a 14-residue somatostatin (SS-14) having the sequence AGCKNFFWKTFSSC. The homologous substitution Ser for Thr in position 12 is the first example of SS-14 from vertebrate preprosomatostatin gene I having a divergent sequence. The longest form is 37 residues in length (SS-37) and has the sequence ALRAAAVAGSPQQLLPLGQRERKAGCKNFFWKTFSSC. A 34-residue form (SS-34) identical in sequence but truncated at a single Arg residue at position 3 of SS-37 was also isolated. The yields of the three forms were SS-37 (0.43 nmol/g), SS-34 (134 nmol/g), and SS-14 (51.5 nmol/g). The identification of this nested series of somatostatins suggests that prosomatostatin processing in lamprey more closely resembles that observed for procholecystokinin than that of mammalian or other piscine prosomatostatins. Somatostatin-producing cells in the lamprey pancreas were identified by immunostaining using antiserum against SS-34 and anti-serum against mammalian SS-14.
A 60-GHz 20.6-dBm symmetric radial-combining wideband power amplifier with 20.3% peak PAE and 20-dB gain in 90-nm CMOS (2016)

A 60-GHz 1.2-V wideband power amplifier (PA) with a compact 4-way radial power combiner implemented in 90-nm CMOS process is presented in this paper. The transformer-based radial power combiner with 1-dB insertion loss at 60 GHz and 0.043-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> compact size is designed for high output power combining and wideband load-pull matching. This PA achieves saturated output power (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SAT</sub> ) of 20.6 dBm, maximum power added efficiency (PAE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) of 20.3%, and 20.1-dB small-signal gain (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> ) at 60 GHz. The PA maintains flat 20-dBm PSAT with PAE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> better than 17.3% within 50-64 GHz, and it has a 3-dB bandwidth (3-dB BW) of 24.5 GHz (41.8-66.3 GHz). The chip area without pads is 0.432 mm <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . To the author's best knowledge, this PA with flat 20-dBm P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SAT</sub> presents the widest large-signal bandwidth (50-64 GHz) compared to other 60-GHz CMOS PA.
Estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters with the R package PK (2010)

Abstract The study of the pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of a compound is crucial to understand the absorbtion, distribution, metabolism and elimination of a drug by the body. PK studies involve measuring the concentration of the drug in the plasma or blood at several time points post drug administration. The classic complete data design samples each subject at all predefined time points. Ethical considerations and restrictions in blood volume, however, lead to incomplete data designs being frequently used instead. In serial sampling designs only one sample is taken from each subject, whereas batch designs take samples more than once from each subject, but not at all time points. In this manuscript the R package PK, which enables the computation of various PK parameters in complete and incomplete data designs, is introduced and some examples are given. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-triptonide and (.+-.)-triptolide (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-triptonide and (.+-.)-triptolideLee C. Garver and Eugene E. Van TamelenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 3, 867–869Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00367a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00367a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views663Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Family of Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase genes Intra‐individual tissue‐specific restriction fragment length polymorphism (1987)

Intra-individual tissue-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) has been demonstrated in DNA isolated from different mammalian tissues using cDNAs of alpha- and beta-subunits of Na+,K+-ATPase as hybridization probes. We propose that the RFLPs could result from gene rearrangements in the gene loci for the alpha- and beta-subunits of Na+,K+-ATPase. The changes in restriction patterns have been shown to occur during embryonic development and tumor formation. In addition, the tissue specificity of the expression of different genes of the family of Na+,K+-ATPase genes and their low expression in tumor cells have been demonstrated.
Biohorology and biomarkers of aging: Current state-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities (2020)

The aging process results in multiple traceable footprints, which can be quantified and used to estimate an organism's age. Examples of such aging biomarkers include epigenetic changes, telomere attrition, and alterations in gene expression and metabolite concentrations. More than a dozen aging clocks use molecular features to predict an organism's age, each of them utilizing different data types and training procedures. Here, we offer a detailed comparison of existing mouse and human aging clocks, discuss their technological limitations and the underlying machine learning algorithms. We also discuss promising future directions of research in biohorology - the science of measuring the passage of time in living systems. Overall, we expect deep learning, deep neural networks and generative approaches to be the next power tools in this timely and actively developing field.