gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
R mapping in the presence of macroscopic <i>B</i><sub>0</sub> field variations (2011)

R₂ mapping has important applications in MRI, including functional imaging, tracking of super-paramagnetic particles, and measurement of tissue iron levels. However, R₂ measurements can be confounded by several effects, particularly the presence of fat and macroscopic B₀ field variations. Fat introduces additional modulations in the signal. Macroscopic field variations introduce additional dephasing that results in accelerated signal decay. These effects produce systematic errors in the resulting R₂ maps and make the estimated R₂ values dependent on the acquisition parameters. In this study, we develop a complex-reconstruction, confounder-corrected R₂ mapping technique, which addresses the presence of fat and macroscopic field variations for both 2D and 3D acquisitions. This technique extends previous chemical shift-encoded methods for R₂, fat and water mapping by measuring and correcting for the effect of macroscopic field variations in the acquired signal. The proposed method is tested on several 2D and 3D phantom and in vivo liver, cardiac, and brain datasets.
Surface Modification of Corneal Contact Lens with Phosphoryl Choline by Glow Discharge (1991)

Polymers like poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA) are widely used in the development of hard and soft contact lenses. Cell adhesion and deposition of chemicals such as calcium, lipoproteins and mucin on the lens surface cause visual acuity which is the main problem in extended uses of contact ocular lenses. In order to minimise the cell adhesion and other type of depositions, a method of surface modification of lens involving the use of phosphoryl choline, a phospholipid and the glow discharge technique has been described. The power variation of the lenses after modification has been checked using Topcon lensometer. The possible power changes of the modified samples due to the exposure to the normal light in the laboratory, darkness, ultraviolet (U.V.) light or saline have been investigated by taking the visible and ultra violet spectra using Beckman spectrophotometer. Surface energy variations after modifications of the samples have been checked by sessile drop water contact angle measurements. Glow discharge treatment increases the hydrophilicity of the samples. It seems, the modifications do not affect the power of hard contact lens significantly. It is also observed that the exposure of samples to the normal light in the laboratory, darkness, U.V. light or saline make no significant change in the visible and ultraviolet spectra of the samples before and after modification.
Design of a continuous miner motor monitoring system (2003)

The US Bureau of Mines has been investigating the early detection of insulation failure in squirrel cage induction motors using sophisticated empirical data modeling techniques based on engineering values calculated from the motor line voltage and line current phasors. The research has now progressed sufficiently to design and build a prototype system that simultaneously monitors six motors on a continuous miner. This prototype system consists of a single-board computer-based motor monitor for each motor. Each monitor is connected through a parallel interface to a BITBUS digital I/O (input/output) board. The control computer regularly requests, through BITBUS, a set of three-phase line voltage and line current phasors from each monitor from which it calculates two deterioration values for the motor, one for fault current and one for fault power. An alarm sounds if any value exceeds a preset deterioration threshold. While the monitoring is taking place the system can also display the deterioration history of any motor or display and change system parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transcription Repression of Human Hepatitis B Virus Genes by Negative Regulatory Element-binding Protein/SON (2001)

A negative regulatory element (NRE) is located immediately upstream of the upstream regulatory sequence of core promoter and second enhancer of human hepatitis B virus (HBV). NRE represses the transcription activation function of the upstream regulatory sequence of core promoter and the second enhancer. In this study, we described the cloning and characterization of an NRE-binding protein (NREBP) through expression cloning. NREBP cDNA is 8266 nucleotides in size and encodes a protein of 2386 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 262 kDa. Three previously described cDNAs, DBP-5, SONB, and SONA, are partial sequence and/or alternatively spliced forms of NREBP. The genomic locus of the NREBP/SON gene is composed of 13 exons and 12 introns. The endogenous NREBP protein is localized in the nucleus of human hepatoma HuH-7 cells. Antibody against NREBP protein can specifically block the NRE binding activity present in fractionated nuclear extracts in gel shifting assays, indicating that NREBP is the endogenous nuclear protein that binds to NRE sequence. By polymerase chain reaction-assisted binding site selection assay, we determined that the consensus sequence for NREBP binding is GA(G/T)AN(C/G)(A/G)CC. Overexpression of NREBP enhances the repression of the HBV core promoter activity via NRE. Overexpression of NREBP can also repress the transcription of HBV genes and the production of HBV virions in a transient transfection system that mimics the viral infection in vivo.
Detection of Cracks in Turborotors—A New Observer Based Method (1993)

The clear relation between shaft cracks in turborotors and vibration effects measured in bearings can be established by model-based methods very well. Here a new concept has been presented, based on the theory of disturbance rejection control, extended for nonlinear systems and applied on a turborotor. Simulations have been done, showing the theoretical success of this method, especially for reconstructing disturbance forces as inner forces caused by the crack. Calculating the relative crack compliance as the ratio of additional compliance caused by the crack and undamaged compliance a clear statement about the opening and closing, and therefore for the existence of the crack, and about the crack depth is possible. Theoretically it has been shown that it is possible to detect a crack with very small stiffness changes which corresponds to a crack depth of 5 percent of the radius of the rotor.
1,3,4-Dioxazol-2-ones: a potentially hazardous class of compounds (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,3,4-Dioxazol-2-ones: a potentially hazardous class of compoundsWilliam J. MiddletonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 21, 3845–3847Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00169a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00169a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1292Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A broad-band twist reflector (1971)

Polarization twisting reflectors, or twist reflectors, consisting of a wire grid spaced approximately <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3 \lambda/8</tex> from a ground plane [1], [2] have a bandwidth of at most 30 percent. It is shown that the inclusion of an additional wire grid in front of the first grid makes bandwidths of 100 percent possible. Design formulas, theoretical performance in terms of cross polarization attenuation, and some experimental results for a twist reflector with two wire grids are given.
Novel Sulfur-Containing Rapamycin Analogs Prepared by Precursor-Directed Biosynthesis (2003)

[reaction: see text] Two novel sulfur-containing analogs of the immunosuppressive natural product rapamycin (1) were obtained by feeding cultures of Streptomyces hygroscopicus with l-nipecotic acid (4) and either (S)-1,3-thiazane-4-carboxylic acid (5) or (S)-1,4-thiazane-3-carboxylic acid (6). The structures of the two new compounds, 20-thiarapamycin (2) and 15-deoxo-19-sulfoxylrapamycin (3), were determined by spectroscopic methods.
A Dynamic Covalent, Luminescent Metallopolymer that Undergoes Sol-to-Gel Transition on Temperature Rise (2011)

The condensation of linear diamine and dialdehyde subcomponents around copper(I) templates in the presence of bulky trioctylphosphine ancillary ligands gave a linear, conjugated polymeric material in DMSO solution. This polymer solution was observed to undergo sol-to-gel transition as the temperature was raised to 140 °C, in contrast with the behavior of most gel-forming polymers, which do so upon cooling. We attribute the sol-to-gel transition to the formation of Cu(I)N(4) cross-links as the equilibria 2[Cu(I)N(2)P(2)] ⇄ [Cu(I)N(4)] + [CuP(n)](+) + (4 - n)P favor the right-hand side at higher temperatures. The material was also observed to exhibit thermochromism and photoluminescence, with the color and intensity of both absorption and emission exhibiting temperature dependence. This material thus responds predictably to combinations of stimuli (heat, light, mechanical shear) in an interconnected way, as is required to generate complex function.
The Electromagnetic Theory of Coaxial Transmission Lines and Cylindrical Shields (1934)

A form of circuit which is of considerable interest for the transmission of high frequency currents is one consisting of a cylindrical conducting tube within which a smaller conductor is coaxially placed. Such tubes have found application in radio stations to connect transmitting and receiving apparatus to antennæ. As a part of the development work on such coaxial systems, it has been necessary to formulate the theory of transmission over a coaxial circuit and of the shielding against inductive effects which is afforded by the outer conductor. This paper deals generally with the transmission theory of coaxial circuits and extends the theory beyond the range of present application both as regards structure and frequency.
Cortina de hormigón (2010)

<p>El empleo inusual de hormigón en este objeto, apto para el uso diario, presta su extraordinaria presencia. El contraste aparente entre la materialidad y la variabilidad se ha traducido en una obra de arquitectura textil. El color y la forma de los cojines de hormigón se pueden adaptar a la función respectiva. La cortina de hormigón se puede instalar en interiores y exteriores. Sirve como parasol, parabrisas, pantalla de privacidad, elemento de fachada, o como acumulador de calor.</p>
New Electrical Power Steering Systems (2013)

Abstract Electric‐power‐assisted steering ( EPAS ) systems replace hydraulic systems in a broad range of vehicle categories because of the fuel efficiency of this technology and the wide range of opportunities for new functional applications. This chapter illustrates the various types of EPAS systems and their application range and explains the requirements to meet performance, comfort, and safety goals as well as the technologies applied. Basically, the steering system is divided into subsystems. The mechanical system including the EPAS column, the intermediate shaft, and the steering gear has to ensure the safe transfer of torque from the steering wheel to the tie rods. A precise conversion from the steering wheel angle to the wheel angle as well as a comfortable steering feeling and adjustment mechanism is realized in this system. The electrical subsystem detects the driver's steering request and transfers it into assistance torque for each driving condition, respecting the vehicle and steering system dynamics. Furthermore, advanced steering functions are implemented in modern EPAS systems to improve the comfort of driving and to support vehicle functionalities. This chapter gives a detailed overview of the mechanical and electrical system components and their principle concept based on a column EPAS system from the global steering system supplier NSK . Finally, a brief overview is given about safety regulations and the corresponding system approach.
Chromatography of Ribonuclease-Treated Myosin Extracts from Early Embryonic Chick Muscle (1964)

Chromatography, on diethylaminoethyl cellulose, of leg muscle extracts from older chick embryos yields three myosin-containing fractions, whereas material from muscle extracts of 11-day embryos cannot be eluted under the same conditions. A major fraction having the adenosine triphosphotase activity characteristic of myosin can be eluted when 11-day-old embryo muscle extracts are given prior treatment with ribonuclease.
Transient Transgene Expression of Decorin in the Lung Reduces the Fibrotic Response to Bleomycin (2001)

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive disease with no effective therapy. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is thought to be a key profibrotic mediator and blocking its activity is therefore one of the targets of new treatment strategies for fibrosis. Decorin is an endogenous proteoglycan and one of the known inhibitors of TGF-beta. The short half-life of peptide-based therapeutics makes gene transfer a promising approach to achieve prolonged protein levels in the lung. Replication-deficient adenovirus was used to deliver decorin transgene (AdDec) to the airways by a single intranasal injection in a murine bleomycin model of lung fibrosis. The ability of vector-derived decorin to inhibit TGF-beta was examined in a bioassay and its effect on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was determined by histomorphology and lung hydroxyproline. In vitro, supernatant from cells infected with AdDec abrogated the bioactivity of TGF-beta in a dose-dependent manner whereas control virus (AdDL70) had no effect. In vivo, treatment of bleomycin-injected mice with AdDec substantially reduced the fibrogenic response compared with control virus (hydroxyproline: bleomycin/AdDec, 1.96 microg/mg; bleomycin/AdDL70, 3.05 microg/mg; p = 0.0005). These results suggest that a single administration of AdDec was able to generate a local pulmonary environment that effectively blocked the fibrogenic response to bleomycin by inhibition of TGF-beta.
Pronuclear formation and intracellular glutathione content of<i>in vitro</i>-matured porcine oocytes following<i>in vitro</i>fertilisation and/or electrical activation (1995)

Pronuclear formation and intracellular content of glutathione, containing reduced and oxidised forms, in porcine oocytes matured in vitro were determined following insemination and/or electrical stimulation. After insemination, sperm penetration had occurred as early as 3 h and female pronuclei had formed by 6 h with complete development by 12 h. Male pronuclear formation occurred, primarily, between 9 and 12 h after insemination. Glutathione content of the oocytes decreased following sperm penetration and remained at a depressed level until 12 h. After electrical stimulation, oocyte activation had occurred and female pronuclei had formed by 3 and 6 h, respectively. Oocyte glutathione content did not change as a result of oocyte activation. When oocytes were exposed to an electrical pulse and then spermatozoa, female pronuclear formation was observed by 3 h after stimulation/insemination. Sperm penetration was observed between 3 and 9 h. However, the incidence of male pronuclear formation observed at 12 h was extremely low, although sperm decondensation had occurred in some oocytes. Oocyte glutathione content had not decreased by 6 h following electrical activation. These results demonstrate that the changes in glutathione content in porcine oocytes following fertilisation in vitro differ from those due to electrical activation. Further, the decreased intracellular glutathione content in oocytes activated by sperm penetration appears to be due to the presence of a sperm factor.
中國大陸筆記型電腦產業之機會-以華碩、同方電腦為例 (2012)

In 2011, Mainland China had the highest growth of demand in the world for notebook computers. Therefore, the multinational companies (MNCs) and local brands with home field advantage are competing aggressively to obtain shares of the market. This case study will analyze and discuss the current status of the notebook computer market in China and the industry as a whole. The strategy of the individual company, its competitive advantage and its sustainable development will be studied in-depth. The first step of the case study will analyze the current status and the development trend of notebook computers in the market of China, followed by the application of Porter’s five forces analysis, dynamic competitive strategy, and the value of net theoretical framework for industry evaluation of the SWOT analysis. It will also explore the market’s strategy and future sustainability of the development. This case study adopts qualitative research, the collection and the consolidation of the secondary data and the information of the industry. After the establishment of the research theme, the main approaches of the study are the examination of the literature and in-depth interviews and analysis.
Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility Systems. (1993)

is one of the mechanisms that have evolved to encourage outbreeding in flowering plants and is defined as “the inability of a fertile hermaphrodite seed plant to produce zygotes after self-pollination” (de Nettancourt, 1977). The effectiveness of SI in promoting outbreeding is believed to be one of the most important factors that ensured the evolu- tionary success of flowering plants (Whitehouse, 1951). It is a genetically controlled phenomenon, and in many cases, the control is by a single locus (known as the S locus) with a large number of alleles, up to severa1 hundred in some species (Ockendon, 1974; de Nettancourt, 1977). SI has been a favor- ite topic for botanists and geneticists since Darwin (1877) first discussed the phenomenon and suggested the idea of its cen- tral significance during the evolution of flowering plants. During the century or more of work on the subject, there have been a number of key reviews, the most significant
Residence time distribution in three‐phase monolith reactor (1995)

Abstract The residence time distribution of the liquid phase within a three‐phase monlith reactor is determined using tracer studies. The actual liquid residence time in the monolith, relevant for reactor design purposes, is calculated from overall residence time measurements using deconvolution by Fourier transform. The liquid‐phase residence time decreases as liquid or gas flow rates increase, but the reactor Peclet number remains approximately constant. The residence time distribution and calculated values of the Peclet number reveal that the liquid phase is substantially well‐mixed. Comparison with results from experiments in a single glass capillary reveals that the monolith channels become predominantly liquid‐filled, particularly as the liquid flow rate becomes a significant fraction of the total flow rate.
Use of the Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique to Create Base-Specific <i>ras</i> Oncogene Mutations (1988)

A modification of the polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) technique, a primer-mediated enzymatic amplification of specific target sequences in genomic DNA, was used to introduce point mutations into copies of human ras oncogene sequences, and to amplify these mutated copies approximately 10(6)-fold. Of the two flanking oligomers used to amplify the DNA, one contained a single base mismatch with the targeted gene segment, either codon 12 or 61 from the Kirsten ras oncogene. Double-stranded fragments harboring any point mutation can be generated using the appropriate oligomer and constitute greater than 99.999% of the PCR-amplified fragments. The amplified DNA fragments are readily slot-blotted to nylon membranes to serve as positive hybridization controls in the search for gene mutations in human tissue specimens. The synthesis of single base mismatched DNA fragments was also used to demonstrate that oncogene mutations can be detected from mixed DNA populations as might be present in primary tumor specimens, even when the mutation of interest is present in only 5% of the amplified sample DNA.
Direct manipulation of interactive character skins (2003)

Geometry deformations for interactive animated characters are most commonly achieved using a skeleton-driven deformation technique called linear blend skinning. To deform a vertex, linear blend skinning computes a weighted average of that vertex rigidly transformed by each bone that influences it. Authoring a character for linear blend skinning involves explicitly setting the weights used to compute deformed vertex positions. This process is tedious, repetitive, and frustrating not only because the deformed vertex positions are not intuitively related to the vertex weights, but also because the range of possible deformations is unclear. In this paper, we present a method that lets users directly manipulate the deformed vertex positions in a linear blend skin. We compute the subspace of possible deformed vertex positions, display it for users, and let them place the vertex anywhere in this space. Our algorithm then computes the correct weights automatically. This method lets us provide a skin editing interface that gives users as much direct control as possible and makes explicit what deformations are possible.
IFLA Principles for Library eLending (2015)

This article illustrates the IFLA Principles for Library eLending, a set of guidelines concerning digital lending approved by the IFLA Governing Board in February 2013 and then revised in April and August of the same year.
Silicon electron multiplication (SEM) camera tube (1971)

A low-light-level television camera tube has been realized, which incorporates a silicon electron multiplication (SEM) target. Image electrons liberated from the photocathode bombard the target, causing an electronic amplification of several thousand, as well as electronic charge storage. The SEM tube shows a limiting sensitivity at photocathode illumination on the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> lx, and approaches the picture degradation problem due to quantum fluctuation. Further degradation of the picture is observed by addition of an image intensifier tube to the SEM tube, and also in the case of an X-ray image pickup using the SEM camera with phosphor screen. The SEM tube can scarcely be injured by the exposure to a strong light.