gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the mechanisms of expiratory asynchrony in pressure support ventilation: a mathematical approach (2000)

A mathematical model was developed to analyze the mechanisms of expiratory asynchrony during pressure support ventilation (PSV). Solving the model revealed several results. 1) Ratio of the flow at the end of patient neural inspiration to peak inspiratory flow (VTI/V(peak)) during PSV is determined by the ratio of time constant of the respiratory system (tau) to patient neural inspiratory time (TI) and the ratio of the set pressure support (Pps) level to maximal inspiratory muscle pressure (Pmus max). 2) VTI/V(peak) is affected more by tau/TI than by Pps/Pmus max. VTI/V(peak) increases in a sigmoidal relationship to tau/TI. An increase in Pps/Pmus max slightly shifts the VTI/V(peak)-tau/TI curve to the right, i.e., VTI/V(peak) becomes lower as Pps/Pmus max increases at the same tau/TI. 3) Under the selected adult respiratory mechanics, VTI/V(peak) ranges from 1 to 85% and has an excellent linear correlation with tau/TI. 4) In mechanical ventilators, single fixed levels of the flow termination criterion will always have chances of both synchronized termination and asynchronized termination, depending on patient mechanics. An increase in tau/TI causes more delayed and less premature termination opportunities. An increase in Pps/Pmus max narrows the synchronized zone, making inspiratory termination predisposed to be in asynchrony. Increasing the expiratory trigger sensitivity of a ventilator shifts the synchronized zone to the right, causing less delayed and more premature termination. Automation of expiratory trigger sensitivity in future mechanical ventilators may also be possible. In conclusion, our model provides a useful tool to analyze the mechanisms of expiratory asynchrony in PSV.
NDP52, a novel autophagy receptor for ubiquitin-decorated cytosolic bacteria (2010)

Autophagy functions as a cell-autonomous effector mechanism of innate immunity by separating bacteria from cytosolic resources and delivering them for lysosomal destruction. How cytosolic bacteria are targeted for autophagy is incompletely understood. We recently discovered that Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and Streptococcus pyogenes are detected by NDP52 (nuclear dot protein 52 kDa), after these bacteria enter the cytosol of human cells and become decorated with polyubiquitinated proteins. NDP52 binds the bacterial ubiquitin coat as well as ATG8/LC3 and delivers cytosolic bacteria into autophagosomes. In the absence of NDP52 ubiquitin-coated bacteria accumulate outside ATG8/LC3(+) autophagosomes. Cells lacking NDP52 fail to restrict bacterial proliferation, as do cells depleted of TBK1, an IKK family kinase colocalizing with NDP52 at the bacterial surface. Our findings demonstrate the existence of a receptor for the selective autophagy of cytosolic bacteria, suggesting that cells are able to differentiate between antibacterial and other forms of autophagy.
Simultaneous repetition-rate multiplication and envelope control based on periodic phase-only and phase-mostly line-by-line pulse shaping (2007)

We experimentally demonstrate simultaneous pulse repetition-rate multiplication and periodic pulse-to-pulse peak-intensity control based on optimized periodic spectral line-by-line pulse shaping. Accordingly, the method allows us to generate multiplied pulse trains in which the amplitude of each single pulse in a period can be arbitrarily tailored. The technique is illustrated with the generation of 4×9 GHz arbitrary periodic pulse trains, including binary code patterns, from a 9 GHz uniform input pulse train. Special attention is paid to pulse train generation based on all-pass line-by-line filters.
Micro gimbal diaphragm for sound source localization with mimicking Ormia Ochracea (2003)

The parasitoid fly Ormia Ochracea shows a remarkable ability to localize a sound source although the interaural differences in intensity and time are extremely small. In this paper, mimicking unique structures of its auditory organ, we propose a micro sound source localization sensor using a gimbal diaphragm, which realizes a simple and optimal transduction mechanism for detecting a tiny pressure gradient. We made a prototype from a thin metal plate and confirmed that it works as a sound source localization sensor by experiments.
Transient Performance of a Cross Flow Heat Exchanger Using Finite Difference Analysis (2008)

Transient analysis of a cross flow heat exchanger subjected to a step increase in temperature of the minimum capacity rate fluid was considered. Predictions obtained using an implicit central finite difference method were presented. The influence of varying grid sizes and time steps sizes on these approaches was addressed. A parametric study was conducted by varying the dimensionless parameters governing the transient response of heat exchanger over a representative range of values.
Estimating the Burden of Pneumococcal Pneumonia among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Techniques (2013)

Estimating the adult burden of pneumococcal disease from bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia data alone significantly underestimates the true burden of disease in adults. For every case of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, we estimate that there are at least 3 additional cases of non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia.
Genes and mutations causing retinitis pigmentosa (2013)

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous set of inherited retinopathies with many disease-causing genes, many known mutations, and highly varied clinical consequences. Progress in finding treatments is dependent on determining the genes and mutations causing these diseases, which includes both gene discovery and mutation screening in affected individuals and families. Despite the complexity, substantial progress has been made in finding RP genes and mutations. Depending on the type of RP, and the technology used, it is possible to detect mutations in 30-80% of cases. One of the most powerful approaches to genetic testing is high-throughput 'deep sequencing', that is, next-generation sequencing (NGS). NGS has identified several novel RP genes but a substantial fraction of previously unsolved cases have mutations in genes that are known causes of retinal disease but not necessarily RP. Apparent discrepancy between the molecular defect and clinical findings may warrant reevaluation of patients and families. In this review, we summarize the current approaches to gene discovery and mutation detection for RP, and indicate pitfalls and unsolved problems. Similar considerations apply to other forms of inherited retinal disease.
Efficacy of Combining GMX1777 with Radiation Therapy for Human Head and Neck Carcinoma (2010)

Our data represent the first report showing that GMX1777 plus radiotherapy is an effective therapeutic strategy for head and neck cancer, mediated via pleiotropic effects of inhibition of DNA repair and tumor angiogenesis, while sparing normal tissues. Therefore, GMX1777 combined with radiotherapy definitely warrants clinical evaluation in human head and neck cancer patients.
Transistors in Switching Circuits (1952)

The general transistor properties of small size and weight, low power and voltage, and potential long life suggest extensive application of transistors to pulse or switching type systems of computer or computer-like nature. It is possible to devise simple regenerative circuits which perform the normally employed functions of waveform generation, level restoration, delay, storage (registry or memory), and counting. The discussion is limited to point contact type transistors in which the alpha or current gain is in excess of unity and to a particular feedback configuration. Such circuits, which are of the so-called trigger type, are postulated to involve negative resistance. On this basis an analysis, which approximates the negative resistance characteristic by three intersecting broken lines, is developed. Conclusions which are useful to circuit and device design are reached. The analysis is deemed sufficiently accurate for the first order equilibrium calculations. Transistors having properties specifically intended for pulse service in the circuits described have been developed. Their properties, and limitations, and parameter characterizations are discussed at some length.
Peak Load Forecasting of Electric Utilities for West Province of IRAN by Using Neural Network without Weather Information (2010)

Accurate peak load forecasting plays a key role in economical use from energy. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) has recently applied on short term load forecasting in electrical utilities. The ANN is used to Predicting the relationship between past, current and future peak loads. Conventional systems require various variables from the past factors that can affect on peak load such as: load and weather information. Too many input variables cause some problems in prediction for the future operation of the system. However, we use just past load values for peak load forecasting. In this paper two operative algorithms used, Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF), for predicting peak load. Then, comparison has been made between these methods to show error in peak load forecasting. The result shows that in this case Multi layer perceptron has more accuracy than Radial basis function i.e., better mean relative error (MRE).
Developing a consensus classification system for acute renal failure (2002)

A biochemical definition and classification system for acute renal dysfunction is long overdue. Its absence has impeded progress in clinical and even basic research concerning a syndrome associated with mortality rates of 30 to 80%. No definition of acute renal dysfunction will be perfect, but the absence of a definition or, worse, more than 35 separate definitions, as found in the literature, is unacceptable. Many of the challenges, considerations, and controversies associated with achieving consensus and developing a classification for acute renal dysfunction are addressed. Recommendations for validating a classification system are also considered.
Circulating Melanin-Concentrating Hormone, Agouti-Related Protein, and α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Levels in Relation to Body Composition: Alterations in Response to Food Deprivation and Recombinant Human Leptin Administration (2005)

We evaluated whether circulating levels of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), agouti-related protein (AGRP), and alpha-MSH could serve as useful markers of energy homeostasis in humans. We first assessed correlations of serum MCH, AGRP, and alpha-MSH with anthropometric, dietary, and hormonal variables in a cross-sectional study of 108 healthy humans. We then performed interventional studies to evaluate the effects of fasting and/or leptin administration. In eight healthy, normal weight men, we measured serum MCH, AGRP, and alpha-MSH levels at baseline, after 2 d of fasting alone (a low leptin state), and after 2 d of fasting with replacement dose recombinant methionyl human leptin (r-metHuLeptin) administration to normalize circulating leptin levels. In a separate group of five lean and five obese men, we measured MCH levels in response to increasing circulating leptin levels to the pharmacological range by administration of one r-metHuLeptin dose in the fed state. In the cross-sectional study, serum MCH levels were independently and positively associated with body mass index and fat mass and were higher in women than in men. Furthermore, in our interventional studies, fasting for 2 d significantly decreased leptin levels and increased serum MCH levels. Administration of replacement dose r-metHuLeptin during fasting prevented the fasting-induced increase in MCH levels, but administration of a pharmacological r-metHuLeptin dose in the fed state did not further alter MCH levels. Serum AGRP levels tended to change in directions similar to MCH, but this change was less pronounced and needs to be investigated in larger studies. In contrast, serum alpha-MSH levels did not correlate with body composition parameters, were not associated with caloric or macronutrient intake, and were not significantly affected by fasting or r-metHuLeptin administration. These findings suggest that serum MCH and possibly AGRP levels could serve as useful peripheral markers of changes in energy homeostasis and thus merit additional investigation.
Estimation of jaw‐opening forces in adults (2017)

In this study, which included a large sample of participants of broad age range and from a demographically diverse background, jaw-opening force values were greater in males than in females; however, force values were poorly associated with biological and anthropometric parameters. Future studies should explore the potential of this method as a screening tool for TMJ disorders and other conditions.
Two‐stage Off‐Gel™ isoelectric focusing: Protein followed by peptide fractionation and application to proteome analysis of human plasma (2005)

This paper presents the recently introduced Off-Gel electrophoresis (OGE) technology as a versatile tool to reproducibly fractionate intact proteins and peptides into discrete liquid fractions. The coupling of two stages of OGE, i.e., the separation of intact proteins in a first-stage followed by fractionation of peptides derived from each protein fraction after proteolysis in a second stage, results in an array of 15 x 15 fractions that are directly amenable to additional peptide fractionation like reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPC). The analysis of all second-stage peptide fractions from only the first-stage protein fraction representing pH 5.0 -5.15 by on-line reverse-phase LC-tandem mass spectrometry resulted in the identification of 53 proteins (337 peptides), of which 10 were on different immunoglobulin (Ig) chains, with an input of only 1.5 mg human blood plasma proteins. Increasing the protein load to approximately 12 mg increased the number of identified proteins in the same protein fraction to 73 proteins (449 peptides), of which 15 were Ig-related. Immunodepletion of six of the most abundant proteins (albumin, transferrin, haptoglobin, IgG, IgA, and alpha-1-antitrypsin) prior to first-stage OGE with an input of 1.5 mg of protein (equivalent to approximately 10 mg nondepleted plasma) resulted in the identification of 81 proteins (660 peptides), of which three were still Ig fragments. The pI-based separation of peptides appears to be nonuniform based on the theoretically determined pI values of identified peptides. This observation specifically accounts for the neutral zone (pI 5-8) and can be accounted for by the physicochemical properties of the peptides given by their amino acid composition. The power of OGE separation of proteins and peptides is discussed with a focus on the use of the knowledge about the pI of proteins and peptides that assist the validation of correct identifications together with the retention time of peptides on RPC.
Selective and Unselective Blockade of Sympathicus and Parasympathicus and Vagal Enhancement by Pirenzepine: Effects on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Subjects (1996)

Conference Abstract| December 01 1996 Selective and Unselective Blockade of Sympathicus and Parasympathicus and Vagal Enhancement by Pirenzepine: Effects on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Subjects R. Wilhelmy; R. Wilhelmy 1Kerckhoff-Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Gemany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar H. Pitschner; H. Pitschner 1Kerckhoff-Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Gemany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. Neuzner; J. Neuzner 1Kerckhoff-Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Gemany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. Dürsch; M. Dürsch 1Kerckhoff-Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Gemany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. König S. König 1Kerckhoff-Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Gemany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (1996) 91 (s1): 124. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0910124supp Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R. Wilhelmy, H. Pitschner, J. Neuzner, M. Dürsch, S. König; Selective and Unselective Blockade of Sympathicus and Parasympathicus and Vagal Enhancement by Pirenzepine: Effects on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Subjects. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 December 1996; 91 (s1): 124. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0910124supp Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Image feature selection by a genetic algorithm: Application to classification of mass and normal breast tissue (1996)

We investigated a new approach to feature selection, and demonstrated its application in the task of differentiating regions of interest (ROIs) on mammograms as either mass or normal tissue. The classifier included a genetic algorithm (GA) for image feature selection, and a linear discriminant classifier or a backpropagation neural network (BPN) for formulation of the classifier outputs. The GA-based feature selection was guided by higher probabilities of survival for fitter combinations of features, where the fitness measure was the area Az under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We studied the effect of different GA parameters on classification accuracy, and compared the results to those obtained with stepwise feature selection. The data set used in this study consisted of 168 ROIs containing biopsy-proven masses and 504 ROIs containing normal tissue. From each ROI, a total of 587 features were extracted, of which 572 were texture features and 15 were morphological features. The GA was trained and tested with several different partitionings of the ROIs into training and testing sets. With the best combination of the GA parameters, the average test Az value using a linear discriminant classifier reached 0.90, as compared to 0.89 for stepwise feature selection. Test Az values with a BPN classifier and a more limited feature pool were 0.90 with GA-based feature selection, and 0.89 for stepwise feature selection. The use of a GA in tailoring classifiers with specific design characteristics was also discussed. This study indicates that a GA can provide versatility in the design of linear or nonlinear classifiers without a trade-off in the effectiveness of the selected features.
Attribute metadata: a proposed schema for evaluating federated attributes (2018)

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation's measurement and standards infrastructure.ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of information technology.ITL's responsibilities include the development of management, administrative, technical,
Fire Gas Detection (2012)

Most but not all fires emit smoke aerosols at some point during the combustion process. Therefore most conventional fire detectors are based on the detection of smoke by light scattering. As every fire is emitting specific gases it is reasonable to upgrade photoelectric fire detectors or even replace them for specific environments with gas sensor based technologies. In this paper we present some gas detection technologies which have the potential to be able to amend or replace existing systems for use especially in residential fire detectors. But here some restrictions apply when using gas sensors. Among others these are low cost, low power and long term requirements. We identified advantages but also some challenges of gas detection technologies by testing colorimetric gas sensors, gas sensitive field effect transistors and metal oxide sensors. As most technologies are not completely selective to the target gas and as there is not “the” fire with one specific mixture of combustion gases it is helpful to combine different sensing elements in sensor arrays where algorithms using pattern recognition methods like PLSDA, PCA etc. can be used to increase the prediction reliability and the false alarm robustness. Here we focused on typical combustion gases like CO, CO2, NO, NO2, NH3 and H2.
Cyanide Formation by <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> (1965)

Michaels, Ruth (Columbia University, New York, N.Y.), and W. A. Corpe. Cyanide formation by Chromobacterium violaceum. J. Bacteriol. 89:106-112. 1965.-The formation of cyanide by a Chromobacterium violaceum strain was studied with growing cultures and with nonproliferating cells grown in complex and chemically defined media. Most of the cyanide was produced during the log-phase growth of the organism, and accumulated in the culture supernatant fluid. A synergistic effect of glycine and methionine on cyanide formation in a chemically defined medium was observed, and the amount of cyanide formed was found to be dependent on the concentrations of the two substances. Cyanide formation by nonproliferating cells was stimulated by preincubation with glycine and methionine. Cyanide formation by adapted cells in the presence of glycine and methionine was stimulated by succinate, malate, or fumarate, and depressed by azide and 2,4-dinitrophenol. Methionine could be replaced by betaine, dimethylglycine, and choline.
The Capacity of Channels With Feedback (2009)

In this paper, we introduce a general framework for treating channels with memory and feedback. First, we prove a general feedback channel coding theorem based on Massey's concept of directed information. Second, we present coding results for Markov channels. This requires determining appropriate sufficient statistics at the encoder and decoder. We give a recursive characterization of these sufficient statistics. Third, a dynamic programming framework for computing the capacity of Markov channels is presented. Fourth, it is shown that the average cost optimality equation (ACOE) can be viewed as an implicit single-letter characterization of the capacity. Fifth, scenarios with simple sufficient statistics are described. Sixth, error exponents for channels with feedback are presented.
Combination of Thick‐Film Dielectric/Thin Film Conductor for FinePattern Formation of Multi‐Layer Substrate (1981)

Presented in this paper is a realization of Multi‐Layer Substrate with 30 μ m signal pattern width and 100 μ m square via holes on a 100 mm square ceramic substrate. To obtain this fine signal pattern width, a thin film technique, “GSP” process, has been applied on a thick film dielectric layer. For the 100 μ m square via holes through the thick film dielectric, a new thick film technique, “DD” process, has been developed utilizing a photolithographic technique. This paper describes the processes and the results obtained by the method.