gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen Therapy for Primary Breast Cancer and Risk of Contralateral Breast Cancer (2001)

Tamoxifen use appears to decrease the risk of ER-positive contralateral breast tumors, but it appears to increase the risk of ER-negative contralateral tumors.
Treatment of tinea pedis with a single pulse of itraconazole. (2002)

An open-design, prospective, non-comparative study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole in the treatment of tinea pedis (interdigital-type, hyperkeratotic-type and the combination of both). Treatment consisted of one pulse of itraconazole, meaning that each patient received 400 mg/day for one week. Clinical and mycologic control examinations were performed at baseline and at the end of treatment; follow-up visits took place at 30 and 60 days after the last medication administration. A total of 44 patients were evaluated. The major causal agent isolated was Trichophyton rubrum (93%). At the final follow-up visit (60 days), 37 cases (84.4%) achieved clinical and mycologic cure; 5 (11.3%) had improvement and 2 cases (4.5%) failed. Three cases reported side effects attributable to itraconazole (6.6%); one patient had a moderate headache and two reported moderate dyspepsia. None of the 3 cases required discontinuation of the medication. We concluded that the administration of one pulse of itraconazole is an effective, safe and short regimen to treat tinea pedis.
Organotin chemistry. Part XI. The preparation of organotin alkoxides (1971)

Trialkyltin alkoxides, R3SnOR′, can be prepared conveniently by thermal decarboxylation of a mixture of the oxide, (R3Sn)2O, and dialkyl carbonate, (R′O)2CO, or (except when R = Me or Et) by azeotropic dehydration of a mixture of the bistrialkyltin oxide and alcohol, R′OH. Under these latter conditions, dibutyltin oxide forms the 1,1,3,3-tetra-butyl-1,3-dialkoxydistannoxanes, (R′O)Bu2Sn·O·SnBu2(OR′), which (except when R = Me) decompose on distillation into the dialkoxide, Bu2Sn(OR′)2, and oxide, Bu2SnO.The temperature at which the n.m.r. coupling between tin atoms and the alkoxy-groups is broken in the alkoxides Bu3SnOR′ shows that the rate of exchange follows the sequence MeO > EtO > PhCH2·O > Me3C·CH2·O, Me2CH·O, PhMeCH·O, Ph2CH·O.
Automated composite tape lay-up using robotic devices (2002)

Automated composite tape laying systems primarily intended for the manufacture of highly contoured jet engine nacelle skins are described. Processes, robots, end-effectors, and the software required to effectively automate composite part fabrication using long, flat strips of composite material called tapes are discussed. The tape-laying process is described in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (1999)

Coronary Bypass: A Dissenting Opinion," Bonchek and Ullyot 1 express concerns about ill-guided attempts to deviate from the conventional revascularization procedure that is "safe, effective, durable, reproducible, complete, versatile, and teachable." In the present editorial, an experimental perspective on the search for less invasive surgical strategies is provided that will convey an opposite opinion. First, a brief reappraisal is warranted of the safety of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) during cardiac arrest supported by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
Using RSSI value for distance estimation in wireless sensor networks based on ZigBee (2008)

In today’s modern wireless ZigBee-based modules, there are two well-known values for link quality estimation: RSSI (received signal strength indicator) and LQI (link quality indicator). In respect to wireless channel models, received power should be a function of distance. From this aspect, we believed that RSSI can be used for evaluating distances between nodes. The experiment described in this paper indicates that RSSI is, in fact, a poor distance estimator when using wireless sensor networks in buildings. Reflection, scattering and other physical properties have an extreme impact on RSSI measurement and so we can conclude: RSSI is a bad distance estimator.
The role of autophagy in bacterial infections (2015)

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process for the degradation of cytosolic components including damaged organelles, protein aggregates, and intracellular bacteria through a lysosome-dependent pathway. Autophagy can be induced in response to stress conditions. Furthermore, autophagy has been described as involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses, and several studies have shown that certain microorganisms can be eliminated by the autophagic route in a process known as xenophagy. However, several pathogens have developed different strategies to evade or exploit autophagy to ensure their survival. Here, we review the role of autophagy in response to bacterial pathogens.
Method for evaluating the real-world driving energy consumptions of electric vehicles (2017)

Energy consumption directly determines the environmental benefits and driving range of electric vehicles. The energy consumptions of vehicles are generally evaluated using standardized driving cycle tests; however, the results from standardized driving cycle tests deviate from the results characterizing real driving and present opportunities for cheating. The evaluation of the real-world driving energy consumptions of electric vehicles is becoming a requirement in proposed vehicle regulations. In this paper, a method for evaluating the energy consumption characteristics of electric vehicles under real-world driving conditions is proposed. A simplified analytical function for estimating the energy consumption of an electric vehicle is derived. Using regression analysis, the effects of driving conditions are decoupled, and the independent energy consumption characteristics are obtained. Simulation and experimental data are used to validate the proposed method. The results show that the independent energy consumption characteristics obtained by the proposed method perfectly represent the energy consumptions of electric vehicles under different driving conditions. Therefore, the proposed method represents a possible alternative mechanism for extending the scope of energy consumption evaluations of electric vehicles, providing a basis for the comprehensive assessment of the environmental benefits of electric vehicles.
Basically Substituted Aliphatic Nitriles and their Catalytic Reduction to Amines<sup>1</sup> (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBasically Substituted Aliphatic Nitriles and their Catalytic Reduction to Amines1Frank C. Whitmore, Harry S. Mosher, Robert R. Adams, Robert B. Taylor, Earl C. Chapin, Charles Weisel, and William YankoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 5, 725–731Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01233a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01233a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views962Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Self-organization and polyolefin nucleation efficacy of 1,3:2,4-di-p-methylbenzylidene sorbitol (1997)

Recent studies have demonstrated that addition of a small quantity of dibenzylidene sorbitol (DBS) to a molten polymer may result in a physical gel if conditions permit the DBS molecules to self-organize into a three-dimensional network composed of highly connected nanofibrils. If the polymer crystallizes, DBS may also serve as a nucleating agent, promoting the formation of spherulites, especially in commercially important polyolefins such as polypropylene. We examine the thermal and mechanical properties, as well as the morphological characteristics, of an isotactic polypropylene copolymer with 3 wt % ethylene upon addition of less than 1 wt % of 1,3:2,4-di-p-methylbenzylidene sorbitol (MDBS). From dynamic rheological measurements, pronounced complex viscosity increases, attributed to MDBS nanofibril network formation, are observed at concentration-dependent temperatures above the melting point of the nucleated copolymer. Transmission electron micrographs of RuO4-stained sections confirm the existence of MDBS nanofibrils measuring on the order of 10 nm in diameter and, at higher concentrations, fibrillar bundles measuring up to about 200 nm across and several microns in length. The addition of MDBS at different concentrations is also found to promote increases in optical clarity, yield strength, tensile strength, and ultimate elongation of modified copolymer formulations. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2617–2628, 1997
Machine learning meets complex networks via coalescent embedding in the hyperbolic space (2017)

Physicists recently observed that realistic complex networks emerge as discrete samples from a continuous hyperbolic geometry enclosed in a circle: the radius represents the node centrality and the angular displacement between two nodes resembles their topological proximity. The hyperbolic circle aims to become a universal space of representation and analysis of many real networks. Yet, inferring the angular coordinates to map a real network back to its latent geometry remains a challenging inverse problem. Here, we show that intelligent machines for unsupervised recognition and visualization of similarities in big data can also infer the network angular coordinates of the hyperbolic model according to a geometrical organization that we term "angular coalescence." Based on this phenomenon, we propose a class of algorithms that offers fast and accurate "coalescent embedding" in the hyperbolic circle even for large networks. This computational solution to an inverse problem in physics of complex systems favors the application of network latent geometry techniques in disciplines dealing with big network data analysis including biology, medicine, and social science.
Displacement imaging of spinal cord using q‐space diffusion‐weighted MRI (2000)

Displacement MR images of water in in vitro rat spinal cord were computed from q-space analysis of high b value diffusion-weighted MRI data. It is demonstrated that q-space analysis of heavily diffusion-weighted MRI (qs-DWI) provides MR images in which physical parameters of the tissues such as the mean displacement and the probability for zero displacement of the water molecules are used as contrasts. It is shown that these MR images provide structural information surpassing the spatial resolution of conventional MRI by several orders of magnitude. This imaging methodology was used to follow spinal cord maturation in the rat. It was found that changes in the diffusion characteristics of white matter upon maturation are responsible for the emergence of gray/white matter contrast. The mean displacement of water molecules in the white and gray matter of the mature rat spinal cord was found to be 2–3, and 8–10 microns, respectively. The potential and the limitations of this new imaging methodology for early detection of white matter disorders are discussed. Magn Reson Med 44:713–722, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of GSK3 by lithium, from single molecules to signaling networks (2012)

For more than 60 years, the mood stabilizer lithium has been used alone or in combination for the treatment of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, depression, and other mental illnesses. Despite this long history, the molecular mechanisms trough which lithium regulates behavior are still poorly understood. Among several targets, lithium has been shown to directly inhibit glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha and beta (GSK3α and GSK3β). However in vivo, lithium also inhibits GSK3 by regulating other mechanisms like the formation of a signaling complex comprised of beta-arrestin 2 (βArr2) and Akt. Here, we provide an overview of in vivo evidence supporting a role for inhibition of GSK3 in some behavioral effects of lithium. We also explore how regulation of GSK3 by lithium within a signaling network involving several molecular targets and cell surface receptors [e.g., G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)] may provide cues to its relative pharmacological selectivity and its effects on disease mechanisms. A better understanding of these intricate actions of lithium at a systems level may allow the rational development of better mood stabilizer drugs with enhanced selectivity, efficacy, and lesser side effects.
Adapting the Mullen Scales of Early Learning for a Standardized Measure of Development in Children With Rett Syndrome (2017)

Rett Syndrome (RTT) is characterized by severe impairment in fine motor (FM) and expressive language (EL) function, making accurate evaluations of development difficult with standardized assessm ents. In this study, the administration and scoring of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) were adapted to eliminate the confounding effects of FM and EL impairments in assessing development. Forty-seven girls with RTT were assessed with the Adapted-MSEL (MSEL-A), a subset (n = 30) was also assessed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition (Vineland-II) and a further subset (n = 17) was assessed using an eye-tracking version of the MSEL (MSEL-ET). Participants performed better on the visual reception (VR) and receptive language (RL) domains compared to the FM and EL domains on the MSEL-A. Individual performance on each domain was independent of other domains. Corresponding MSEL-A and Vineland-II domains were significantly correlated. The MSEL-ET was as accurate as the MSEL-A in assessing VR and RL, yet took a 44% less time. Results suggested that the MSEL-A and the MSEL-ET could be viable measures for accurately assessing developmental domains in children with RTT.
Distributed Processing in Multi-Hop Packet Radio Networks (1991)

This report is concerned with the integrated evaluation of distributed processing scenarios in a highly dynamic environment such as a multi-hop packet radio network. To aid in this process, a simulation model was developed that has a network of identical packet radio nodes using spread spectrum random access protocols, an error model for multiple access interference and on-off partial band jammer, and end-to-end transport functions. An abstract description of a typical distributed processing scenario with hierarchical primary and subtask structures has been devised based on a 'script' that specifies processing time, sequences of subtasks (distributed over other nodes) and lengths of request and response messages and was integrated with the packet radio simulation. Extensive numerical results, primarily in the form of percent of successfully completed tasks and the mean task delay, were obtained through simulation runs representing a wide variety of task scenarios. Different processing scenarios such as assignment of task deadlines, levels of task- subtask hierarchy, and redundant processing of a subtask on multiple hosts, have also been examined. (Author)
A retarding potential field electron emission spectrometer (1980)

The instrument has a high sensitivity and a resolution of 25 meV. It is also shown that the range of analysed energy is about 1.5 eV. A further improvement of this instrument is still possible. To make sure that the interpretation of results is correct, calibration measurements were performed and compared with the theoretical electron energy distribution. High-emitting regions of a tungsten emitter with well known emission properties were used for calibration of the spectrometer.
Exploitation of Androgen Receptor Signaling by Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Vav3 in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (2013)

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TRPV1 Deletion Enhances Local Inflammation and Accelerates the Onset of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (2012)

The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is primarily localized to sensory nerve fibers and is associated with the stimulation of pain and inflammation. TRPV1 knockout (TRPV1KO) mice show enhanced LPS-induced sepsis compared with wild type (WT). This implies that TRPV1 may have a key modulatory role in increasing the beneficial and reducing the harmful components in sepsis. We investigated immune and inflammatory mechanisms in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis over 24 h. CLP TRPV1KO mice exhibited significant hypothermia, hypotension, and organ dysfunction compared with CLP WT mice. Analysis of the inflammatory responses at the site of initial infection (peritoneal cavity) revealed that CLP TRPV1KO mice exhibited: 1) decreased mononuclear cell integrity associated with apoptosis, 2) decreased macrophage tachykinin NK(1)-dependent phagocytosis, 3) substantially decreased levels of nitrite (indicative of NO) and reactive oxygen species, 4) increased cytokine levels, and 5) decreased bacteria clearance when compared with CLP WT mice. Therefore, TRPV1 deletion is associated with impaired macrophage-associated defense mechanisms. Thus, TRPV1 acts to protect against the damaging impact of sepsis and may influence the transition from local to a systemic inflammatory state.
A multicentre study to compare the therapeutic efficacy of sustained-release diltiazem and enalapril in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate hypertension. (1995)

A 14-week study was conducted in order to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a twice-daily sustained-release diltiazem preparation (120 or 180 mg) and once-daily enalapril (10 or 20 mg). Patients not achieving an adequate response after 6 weeks on monotherapy were given a combination therapy of twice-daily diltiazem 120 mg and once-daily enalapril 10 mg. Of the 147 patients admitted to the study, 70 received diltiazem and 77 received enalapril; 17 patients subsequently received combination therapy. Blood pressure reductions in patients completing 12 weeks of therapy were (sitting values): diltiazem 120 mg, 10.2/15.2 mmHg; diltiazem 180 mg, 19.1/14.7 mmHg; enalapril 10 mg, 25.7/17.5 mmHg; enalapril 20 mg, 19.6/14.0 mmHg; and combination therapy, 24.6/15.1 mmHg. No significant differences in the incidence level of individual symptoms were seen between the two groups: 34 (49%) in the diltiazem, 37 (48%) in the enalapril group; and, between weeks 6 and 12, 9 (53%) patients taking combination therapy. Two patients withdrew from the enalapril group and 8 from the diltiazem group. No unexpected side-effects were seen during the study and no deaths occurred in any treatment group. Twice-daily sustained-release diltiazem 120 or 180 mg was shown to be an effective antihypertensive agent and equal in efficacy and patient acceptability to once-daily enalapril 10 or 20 mg. Combination therapy effectively lowered blood pressure in patients in whom monotherapy was ineffective.
Naßverbrennung (1965)

Abstract Bei der Naßverbrennung organischer Substanzen sind die im Wasser verbleibenden Verbrennungsprodukte harmlos, steril, meist ungiftig und sedimentieren gut. Das Asche‐Volumen ist gering. Das Verfahren eignet sich daher gut zur Beseitigung organischer Abfallstoffe. Es besteht in einer flammlosen, sich selbst unterhaltenden Oxydation. Betriebserfahrungen und Kostenanalysen für eine Großanlage mit 200 t Tagesdurchsatz liegen bereits vor. Mit der Planung der ersten großtechnischen Naßverbrennungsanlage in Deutschland ist begonnen worden.
Measurement of up- and down-lead fiber sensitivity caused by the lead in a multimode fiber in an interferometric system (1994)

The results of a comparative experimental study on the effect of the modal noise induced by lead-in fibers in an extrinsic interferometric system, illuminated by high- and low-coherence light sources, respectively, are reported. When the up-lead fiber was subject to a perturbation, the sensitivity of the system was reduced by 20.9 dB through the use of a high-coherence source, and by 1.8 dB through the use of a low-coherence source. When the down-lead fiber was perturbed, the sensitivity dropped by 30.3 dB and 4.9 dB for high- and low-coherence sources, respectively. The results from the experimental analysis supported qualitatively by simple theory show that the use of a low-coherence light source can greatly suppress the modal noise induced in both the up- and down-lead fibers, if the coherence length of the light source used is less than the optical path difference between two adjacent fiber modes. This shows the practicality of the use of niultimode fibers in an interferometric system with a suitable lig t source.
A Highly Regioselective Approach to Multiple Adducts of C60 Governed by Strain Minimization of Macrocyclic Malonate Addends (2002)

New macrocyclic malonates 2-5 have been prepared by reaction of malonyl dichloride with alkanediols. Reactions of these cyclo-[n]-alkylmalonates with C60 are highly regioselective. The macrocycles containing identical alkyl spacers selectively form bis- and trisadducts of C60 with rotational symmetry. The addition pattern of the regioselectively formed oligoadducts is determined by the size of the alkyl spacer within the macrocyclic malonate. A variety of bis-, tris-, tetra-, and hexaadducts have been synthesized to show the scope of this approach. "Exotic" addition patterns such as trans-4,trans-4,trans-4, which has been synthesized and completely characterized for the first time, are also accessible by this method. The regioselectivity is ruled by the even distribution of the strain within the macrocyclic malonates containing spacer alkane chains of identical lengths: addition patterns with rotational symmetry provide exactly identical distances of the malonate oxygen atoms and are thus exclusively formed by this method. In contrast, when macrocycles with two different alkyl spacer lengths are used, such as 9 and 10, the reaction exclusively yields C(s)-symmetric bisadducts.