gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent progress toward realizing GaN-based THz quantum cascade laser (2013)

We are studying on terahertz-quantum cascade lasers (THz-QCLs) using III-nitride semiconductor, which is a material having potentials for realizing wide frequency range of QCL, i.e., 1-15 THz and 1-10 μm, including an unexplored terahertz frequency range from 5 to 12 THz. GaN-based QCLs also have potential to realize room temperature operation of THz-QCL. The merit of using an AlGaN-based semiconductor in comparison with GaAs or InP is that it has much higher longitudinal optical phonon energies (E<sub>LO</sub>) (> 90meV) than those of conventional GaAs-based materials (~ 36 meV). We designed a GaN/AlGaN QCL that can operates in THz frequency range, and fabricated the GaN/AlGaN QCL devices by using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). We demonstrated dramatic improvement of structural properties of QC stacking layers by introducing a novel growth technique "a droplet elimination by thermal annealing (DETA) method". We have observed inter-subband spontaneous emissions under current injection with peak frequencies from 1.4 to 2.8 THz from GaN/AlGaN QCL devices. The intensity of the emission was much improved by fabricating them on a low threading dislocation density (TDD) AlN/AlGaN template prepared by metal-organic chemical-vapor epitaxy (MOCVD) on a sapphire substrate.
The current state of CBSE (1998)

As organizations adopt component-based software engineering, it becomes essential to clearly define its characteristics, advantages and organizational implications. This report presents key discussion points from a workshop on CBSE and provides a useful synthesis of participants' diverse perspectives and experiences.
Release of Flavonoids by the Soybean Cultivars McCall and Peking and Their Perception as Signals by the Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiont<i>Sinorhizobium fredii</i>1 (1998)

Sinorhizobium fredii strain USDA191 forms N-fixing nodules on the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars (cvs) McCall and Peking, but S. fredii strain USDA257 nodulates only cv Peking. We wondered whether specificity in this system is conditioned by the release of unique flavonoid signals from one of the cultivars or by differential perception of signals by the strains. We isolated flavonoids and used nodC and nolX, which are nod-box-dependent and -independent nod genes, respectively, to determine how signals activate genes in the microsymbionts. Seeds of cv McCall and cv Peking contain the isoflavones daidzein, genistein, and glycitein, as well as their glucosyl and malonylglucosyl glycosides. Roots exude picomolar concentrations of daidzein, genistein, glycitein, and coumestrol. Amounts are generally higher in cv Peking than in cv McCall, and the presence of rhizobia markedly influences the level of specific signals. Nanomolar concentrations of daidzein, genistein, and coumestrol induce expression of nodC and nolX in strain USDA257, but the relative nolX-inducing activities of these signals differ in strain USDA191. Glycitein and the conjugates are inactive. Strain USDA257 deglycosylates daidzin and genistin into daidzein and genistein, respectively, thereby converting inactive precursors into active inducers. Although neither soybean cultivar contains unique nod-gene-inducing flavonoids, strain- and cultivar-specific interactions are characterized by distinct patterns of signal release and response.
Evaluation of Domestic Wool Traits (1993)

The effects and factors of breeds, part of body and herds in Japanese domestic wool traits were investigated. The fleeces were greasy wool sampled from all over Japan, and breeds were Suffolk (SF), Corriedale (Co), Poll Dorset (PO) and F1 (SB) of Southdown by Booroola Dorset. The total number of fleece was nine, and parts of wool were neck, shoulder, back, side, britch and tags. The traits investigated were staple length, crimp number per cm, fiber diameter, admixture of plant substance and others, yield rate, compressed elasticity and water absorption.The traits' values of staple length, crimp number and fiber diameter shifted gradually from the part of neck to tags. The effect of herd was considerably large, and almost of traits of wool were significantly different. The simple correlation between compressed elasticity and staple length or fiber diameter were negative, and was positive between that and crimp number. The yield rate was not good when the compressed elasticity was high so that the correlation between them was negative.These results indicated that it is important to making an effort to improve raising management for good yield rate in Japanese domestic wool production.
Hydroformylation of Monoterpenic Polyenes: Effect of the Conjugation of Double Bonds on Reactivity (2008)

Rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of a series of monoterpenic polyenes, i.e., myrcene (1), α-terpinene (2), γ-terpinene (3), terpinolene (4), and limonene (5), was studied in the presence of various monophosphines. Effects of reaction variables, such as the ligand to rhodium ratio, ligand basicity, and partial pressures of reacting gases were evaluated for each reactive substrate. The hydroformylation of conjugated olefins 1 and 2 results in two main aldehydes in each case with excellent combined selectivities and can be performed under mild conditions (80 °C, 80 atm) using a large excess of PPh3 (P/Rh = 20−40). The hydroformylation of 1 follows the trends opposite to those usually observed with simple olefins: the increase in the concentration of the phosphorus ligand, ligand basicity, and pressure of both hydrogen and CO strongly accelerates the reaction showing that the most critical step is a conversion of η3-allylrhodium intermediates into much more reactive η1-complexes. The hydroformylation of 2 does not seem to occur through the formation of η3-complexes and at low P/Rh ratios and in systems with more bulky ligands than PPh3, such as PBz3 and PCy3, is strongly complicated by the hydrogenation of the substrate. Nonconjugated olefins 3 and 4 show an extremely low reactivity toward hydroformylation under similar conditions, whereas in substrate 5, only a terminal exocyclic double bond reacts with rhodium to give a corresponding aldehyde in near quantitative yield. Thus, the endocyclic double bond in p-menthane dienes 2−5 can be hydroformylated at a reasonable rate under relatively mild conditions only if it is conjugated with another double bond. All obtained aldehydes have a pleasant scent and can be useful as components of synthetic fragrances.
Design of a Fast Voxel Processor for Parallel Volume Visualization (1995)

The basics of a parallel real-time volume visualization architecture are introduced. Volume data is divided into subcubes that are dis­ tributed among multiple image processors and stored in their pri­ vate voxel memories. Rays fall into ray segments at the subcube borders. Each image processor is responsible for the ray segments within its assigned subcubes. Results of the ray segments are passed to the image processor where the ray continues. The enu­ meration of resampling points on the ray segments and the interpo­ lation at resampling points is accelerated by the voxel processor. The voxel processor can additionally compute a normalized gradi­ ent vector at a resampling point used as a surface normal estima­ tion for shading calculations. In the paper the focus is on operation and hardware implementation of this pipeline processor and the organization of voxel memory. The instruction set of the voxel pro­ cessor is explained. A performance of 20 images per second for a 2563 voxel volume and 16 image processors can be achieved.
Global and local planarization of surface roughness by chemical vapor deposition of organosilicon polymer for barrier applications (2012)

Particulates and asperities on the surface of plastic substrates limit the performance of the current protective barrier coatings for flexible electronics. By applying a smoothing layer to the substrate, prior to barrier deposition, permeation is reduced. While application of smoothing layers from the liquid-phase application and curing of acrylate monomers is well known, reports of planarization achieved by vapor deposition are quite limited. In the current work, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of a flexible smoothing layer, requiring no curing, is implemented in the same reactor chamber and from the same organosilicon monomer used for depositing the multilayer barrier stack. The process similarity between the smoothing and barrier layer deposition steps has the potential to lower the overall cost of the process and to improve interfacial properties, such as adhesion between the smoothing layer and the barrier stack. The current methods adapts and combines features of two well established methods for CVD of organic layers, plasma enhancement (PECVD) and the specific use of an initiator species (iCVD). The novel, initiated plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (iPECVD) method achieves a far greater degree of planarization of flexible organic layer than either of its predecessors. Polystyrene microspheres serve as model defects and allow the degree of planarization to be quantitatively measured. Both cross-sectional scanning electron micrographs and atomic force micrographs demonstrate that when the iPECVD organic layer is 1.8 µm thick, the degree of global planarization is 99%. A model demonstrates that the planarization is achieved as a result of the coating viscosity and the surface tension. Finally, the water vapor barrier performance of a 20-nm-thick SiOx layer is two orders of magnitude improved when it is deposited on a planarized substrate.
Ultrafast high-intensity nonlinear absorption dynamics in low-temperature grown gallium arsenide (1996)

We study carrier dynamics in GaAs thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy at 250, 300, and 350 °C by differential transmission experiments at various carrier excitation densities. The differential transmission shows that carrier trapping in point defects is much faster than the recombination of the trapped carriers. As a consequence, the defect states can be saturated at high carrier densities. If the growth temperature is decreased, the initial trapping becomes faster while the subsequent recombination of the trapped carriers becomes slower. We show that this is due to the growth temperature dependent defect densities.
Glucose in the dialyzate does not reduce the free amino acid loss during routine hemodialysis of non-fasting patients. (1984)

In order to clarify the effect of dialyzate glucose on free amino acid loss during routine 5 hr hemodialysis (HD), 10 stable non-fasting HD patients were dialyzed twice using dialyzates (Na 141, K 2.5, Ca 3.5, Cl 101, Mg 1.5, Acetate 36 mEql) with (500 mg/dl) or without glucose. Total free amino acid loss in the dialyzate and plasma free amino acids were measured using a liquid chromatograph amino acid analyzer. Total free amino acid losses into the dialyzate with and without glucose were 6598 +/- 482, and 6482 +/- 174 mg respectively. This is not statistically significant. The plasma concentration of free amino acid fell considerably during dialysis, but there was no significant difference between the two types of dialyzates used. We concluded that the addition of glucose to the dialyzate does not reduce the free amino acid loss during routine HD of non-fasting patients. This result does not accord with a previous report that adding glucose to the dialyzate decreases the loss of free and bound amino acid during dialysis.
Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the basis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified ribosomal DNA spacer polymorphisms. (1995)

In the present study, 40 clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We used primers to amplify spacer regions between the 16S and 23S genes in the prokaryotic rRNA genetic loci. When the spacer amplification products were resolved by electrophoresis, the resulting patterns were characteristic for all tested strains. Only one specific PCR fragment of 580 bp was formed. This product was digested with HaeIII, HinfI and AluI restriction endonucleases. Restriction fragments produced by all three restriction endonucleases were characteristic and have the same sizes for all strains tested. The amplification product contains a conserved, internal single HaeIII restriction site. On the basis of our results, PCR amplifications of the 16S-23S spacer region for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and subsequent RFPL analysis show significant promise as a tool for the simple identification of this bacteria.
The potential of speculative class-loading (2007)

Platforms such as Java provide many software engineering benefits. However, these benefits often come at the cost of significant runtime overhead. In this paper we study the potential for hiding some of that overhead by employing speculative execution techniques. In particular, we study the predictability of class-loading requests and the potential benefits of speculatively preloading classes in interactive applications.
Expert Antiskid System (1987)

In this paper we discuss how to generate the command value for the optimal regulator in an automotive antiskid system. First, the behavior of the vehicle at braking is expressed as a mathematical model with the formulation by physical consideration and identification of the hydraulic system by statistical methods. An optimal regulator with additional integral is applied to the automotive antiskid control in order to make the each wheel speed follow any command value. However, the desired command value to stop the vehicle efficiently and stably is dependent on ambiguous road surface conditions. Thus, how to determine the desired command value under the moment-to-moment conditions is most important. A method for inferring the conditions is developed using fuzzy logic, with three fuzzy variables expressing the conditions adequately. On the basis of the inference, the ideal command values are generated. Outstanding control performance and good adaptability are obtained in vehicle experiments. Consequently, the Expert Antiskid System, employing modern control theory and fuzzy logic, can stop a vehicle efficiently and stably under any condition.
A KINECT-BASED AUGMENTED REALITY SYSTEM FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (2012)

In this paper an Augmented Reality system for teaching key developmental abilities for individuals with ASD is described. The system has been designed as an augmented mirror where users can see themselves in a mirror world augmented with virtual objects. Regarding the content the tool is designed with the aim of facilitating the acquisition of certain skills in children with ASD. From a technical point of view, it has been necessary to solve two problems to develop the tool. The first one has been how to capture the user’s movements, without wearing invasive devices, to animate their virtual avatar. A Kinect device has been chosen. The other problem has been to mix in the augmented virtual scene real objects located at different depths. An OSG shader has been developed, of which details will given in this paper.
Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of n‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone and 4‐(methylamino)butanoic acid in the <i>Salmonella</i>/microsome assay (1988)

The industrial solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) and its hydrolysis product, 4-(methylamino)butanoic acid (N-MeGABA), were examined for mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. In order to detect a broad range of possible mutagenic endpoints, the following strains were used in the assay: base-pair substitution strains TA100, TA102 and TA104; frameshift strains TA97 and TA98; and repair proficient strains TA2638, UTH8413 and UTH8414. In the standard plate incorporation assay, six log-linear doses of each compound were tested; doses ranged from 0.01 to 1000 mumol/plate for NMP, and 0.01 to 316 mumol/plate for N-MeGABA. Neither compound was detectably mutagenic when tested in the presence and absence of metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9. NMP did show significant responses with strains TA102 and TA104 that were less than two-fold over background, but no clear dose-response relationships were evident. A preincubation modification of the assay was also performed, using strains TA98 and TA104. Mutagenic activity was not observed for NMP, while N-MeGABA showed significant responses with TA104 but dose-related mutagenicity was not established. Preincubation testing revealed both NMP and N-MeGABA to be cytotoxic to the test population of Salmonella at the highest treatment doses.
Slowing and stopping light using an optomechanical crystal array (2011)

One of the major advances needed to realize all-optical information\nprocessing of light is the ability to delay or coherently store and retrieve optical\ninformation in a rapidly tunable manner. In the classical domain, this optical\nbuffering is expected to be a key ingredient of managing the flow of information\nover complex optical networks. Such a system also has profound implications for\nquantum information processing, serving as a long-term memory that can store\nthe full quantum information contained in an optical pulse. Here, we suggest a\nnovel approach to light storage involving an optical waveguide coupled to an\noptomechanical crystal array, where light in the waveguide can be dynamically\nand coherently transferred into long-lived mechanical vibrations of the array.\nUnder realistic conditions, this system is capable of achieving large bandwidths\nand storage/delay times in a compact, on-chip platform.
Kisspeptin: A Novel Regulator of Reproductive Function (2008)

The UK and international neuroendocrine community was deeply shocked and saddened the unbelievably premature death of Michael Harbuz in Bristol in 2006. Mick was a superb friend and colleague, and played a huge part in the development and activities of the British Neuroendocrine Group/British Society for Neuroendocrinology (BSN), serving as both Membership Secretary and Treasurer between 1999 and 2004. Mick was a leader in the field of neuroendocrine-immune interactions, and brought a great deal of charisma, humour and ability to meetings and conferences. He was also a passionate and committed supporter of the progress of young researchers and of their participation in neuroendocrine events. He recognised that today's postgraduate students and postdoctoral research fellows are tomorrow's neuroendocrine researchers, be it in academia, the health services or industry. To recognise Mick's great commitment to and enthusiasm for postgraduate education both in the University of Bristol and in the BSN, we decided to honour and remember him by instituting the 'Michael Harbuz Young Investigator Prize Lecture' to be delivered annually. Dr Waljit Dhillo from Imperial College London was the inaugural recipient of this award, and presented his lecture at the Annual Meeting of the BSN in Nottingham in September 2007, upon which this review is based. Recent evidence demonstrates that the neuropeptide kisspeptin and its receptor, GPR54, have a fundamental role in initiating the onset of puberty and are important in regulating reproductive function. This review discusses the evidence available from animals and humans demonstrating that kisspeptin potently stimulates the release of gonadotrophins by stimulating the release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and that a lack of kisspeptin or GPR54 results in reproductive failure.
Phase-resolved resonance scattering and emission in iodine vapor (1985)

We address the distinction between resonance Raman scattering and fluorescence as the excitation source is continuously tuned through resonance. The experiments are performed in iodine vapor using a cw laser, whose intensity is electrooptically modulated in the 0.1-50-MHz frequency range. A lock-in amplifier is used to detect both the in-phase and out-of-phase response of the emission. The modulated signal is found to be the sum of two components. One component varies with angular modulation frequency ω , as (1 + ω 2 τ 2 ) -1/2 , where τ is the lifetime of the excited state. The other is found to be flat within the range of modulation frequency used in the experiment. Since the results of the modulation experiment are the Fourier transform of the response to pulsed excitation, the first component corresponds to exponential decay with the fluorescence lifetime and the second corresponds to a prompt response. A density matrix calculation shows that the prompt response would be absent if the absorption were independent of laser frequency. It exists as a result of the finite inhomogeneous linewidth and the laser detuning from the center of the transition. The amplitude of the delayed and prompt components is a function of laser frequency. This gives a full description of the dynamical response to the emission to linear excitation as the laser is tuned continuously through resonance. The response of the sample to nonlinear excitation is also discussed.
VOC emission of various<i>Serratia</i>species and isolates and genome analysis of<i>Serratia plymuthica</i>4Rx13 (2013)

Bacteria emit a wealth of volatile organic compounds. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis of five Serratia strains revealed ketones, dimethyl di- and trisulfide and 2-phenylethanol commonly released in this genus. The polymethylated bicyclic hydrocarbon sodorifen was uniquely released by the rhizobacterium Serratia plymuthica 4Rx13. Of 10 Serratia strains, only S. plymuthica isolates originating from plants grown on fields near Rostock (Germany) released this new and unusual compound. Since the biosynthetic pathway of sodorifen was unknown, the genome sequence of S. plymuthica 4Rx13 was determined and annotated. Genome comparison of S. plymuthica 4Rx13 with sodorifen non-producing Serratia species highlighted 246 unique candidate open reading frames.
Automatic discovery of term similarities using pattern mining (2002)

Term recognition and clustering are key topics in automatic knowledge acquisition and text mining. In this paper we present a novel approach to the automatic discovery of term similarities, which serves as a basis for both classification and clustering of domain-specific concepts represented by terms. The method is based on automatic extraction of significant patterns in which terms tend to appear. The approach is domain independent: it needs no manual description of domain-specific features and it is based on knowledge-poor processing of specific term features. However, automatically collected patterns are domain specific and identify significant contexts in which terms are used. Beside features that represent contextual patterns, we use lexical and functional similarities between terms to define a combined similarity measure. The approach has been tested and evaluated in the domain of molecular biology, and preliminary results are presented.
The Complex Role of the Triphenylmethyl Motif in Anticancer Compounds (2008)

Compounds incorporating the triphenylmethyl motif constitute an emerging family of potent anticancer agents. Although several small molecules containing this pharmacophore have now been identified, the mechanism of cell death induction for some of these compounds is unknown. In an effort to define their mechanism of action, and to distinguish subtypes within the group of compounds containing the triphenylmethyl moiety, we have created novel triphenylmethyl-containing small molecules and have evaluated them in a battery of biological assays. Here we show that several phosphonate and phosphonochloridates possessing the triphenylmethyl motif potently induce death of multiple cancer cell lines in culture. Further assays evaluating the ability to cause cell cycle arrest, inhibit tubulin polymerization, dissociate mitochondrial-bound hexokinase in cancer cells, and inhibit calcium-dependent potassium ion channels indicate that triphenylmethyl-containing compounds can be placed into at least four distinct categories, each with a different mechanism of action.