gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predict the Failure of Hydraulic Pumps by Different Machine Learning Algorithms (2018)

Pump failure is a general concerned problem in the hydraulic field. Once happening, it will cause a huge property loss and even the life loss. The common methods to prevent the occurrence of pump failure is by preventative maintenance and breakdown maintenance, however, both of them have significant drawbacks. This research focuses on the axial piston pump and provides a new solution by the prognostic of pump failure using the classification of machine learning. Different kinds of sensors (temperature, acceleration and etc.) were installed into a good condition pump and three different kinds of damaged pumps to measure 10 of their parameters. Then, several classification models were trained by different machine learning algorithms including Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Neural Network. These classification models can detect the “unhealthy” state of the pump and locate the damaged parts from real-time data. Finally, the performances of these models were evaluated by different metrics including Training Time, Accuracy and etc. According to the results, for the prognostic of axial piston pump failure, the algorithm with the highest accuracy is Fine KNN; while the algorithm that has a good balance of training time and accuracy is Fine Tree; finally, the Deep Neural Network has a good accuracy and can be designed with different hidden layer structures, in addition, the trained net of the Deep Neural Network can also be reserved and retrained with new data.
Real-time full signature corrosion detection of underground casing pipes (2002)

Steel casing pipes used in underground gas storage or in oil fields are subjected to corrosion. Corrosion frequently causes some pitting or wall thinning to the internal or external of casing pipes. More serious corrosion would form holes on the casing pipes and induce serious operational problems. Hence, corrosion monitoring and early detection of field oil pipe is considerably important to the gas and petroleum industry. We will introduce in this paper a new version of the Direct Current (DC) electromagnetic induction system which is capable of detecting small, isolated corrosion pits and holes on the casing wall. A sensor system based on the DC electromagnetic induction instrument is coupled to an updated data acquisition system. Unlike the conventional DC induction instrument this system transmits all the measured flux leakage (FL) signals and eddy current (EC) signals to the computer logging system (CLS) on surface. To transmit the information represented by enormous data acquired by the downhole instruments to the CLS on surface, a wavelet data compression technique is incorporated. A VLSI integrated circuit (IC) realizing wavelet transform has been designed so that the real time mode can be achieved during the logging operation. The circuit has been designed using a CMOS n-well 2 /spl mu/m technology and has been fabricated by MOSIS.
The ingestion in wolf spiders I. Capacity of gut of <i>Lycosa pseudoannulata</i> (1968)

Summary An wolf spider, Lycosa pseudoannulata , collected from the field were reared in test tubes supplied with fruit flies as the food, and the number and weight of fruit flies killed per unit time and the weight of residuum of killed flies were recorded. When the cumulative number of flies killed by a spider was plotted against time after the beginning of food supply, the angle of the curve obtained decreased gradually until a constant value. In this time, it seems that the gut of spider had saturated with food and the increase rate of number of flies killed reflects the rate of food disappeared from gut by assimilation and egestion. The amount of ingestion was obtained by subtracting the weight of residuum and the gain of live weight of the spider from the weight of killed flies. After the gut has saturated, the amount of food remained in the gut is considered to be equal to the capacity of gut, which is an essential factor in the study of predation. The amount of food disappearance from gut was also estimated. There was a linear relationship between the log body weight of spiders and the log capacity of gut. The linear relationship was also seen between the log total amount of ingestion and the log total amount of food disappeared from gut.
Study on Extenics Information Fusion Method (2011)

This paper makes analysis on theories of D-S evidential reasoning, rough sets and extenics sets, the three of which hold similarities in defining uncertainty sets. It's feasible to introduce relevant theories and methods of extenics into information fusion and a method of extenics fusion (MEF) is presented as well. The method combines extenic correlation function with Dempster method and is considered to be a good solution in solving evidence collision and BPA function in information fusion method basing on D-S evidential reasoning. With the difference of transfer functions, the paper designs a method of extenics fusion. The simulation test results show that MEF is better than the traditional D-S evidential reasoning and is applicable to all kinds of evaluation problems.
Continuous Production of Oligodextrans via Controlled Hydrolysis of Dextran in an Enzyme Membrane Reactor (2002)

ABSTRACT: The continuous production of oligodextrans was investigated via the enzymatic hydrolysis of industrial grade dextran using an endodextranase. A recycle continuous stirred tank (CSTR) membrane reactor system was employed to provide the means of controlling oligodextran physicochemical characteristics. Response surface methodology (RSM) and a central composite statistical experimental design were used to assess the effects of substrate concentration (20 to 50 g dm 3 ), enzyme concentration (6250 to 62500 U dm 3 ), and residence time (60 to 120 min) in the reactor on the yield, dextrose equivalent (DE), and oligosaccharide content of the products. The reactor system was operated at steady state, generally obtained within 60 to 120 min from reactor start‐up. Oligodextran yields ranged from 84.4% to 98.7%, DE values ranged from 22 to 41, and oligosaccharide content ranged from 55.9% to 93.4 % (w w −1 ). The reactor produced 3 types of oligodextran products, with respect to their polysaccharide content: (a) <: 15%, (b) 15% to 30%, and (c)> 30% and < 44%. Oligodextran molecular weight distributions were mainly within the molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) of 10 kDa of the membrane used.
Construction and characterization of mutants of Salmonella typhimurium deficient in DNA repair of O6-methylguanine (1995)

Escherichia coli has two O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferases that repair alkylation damage in DNA and are encoded by the ada and ogt genes. The ada gene of E. coli also regulates the adaptive response to alkylation damage. The closely related species Salmonella typhimurium possesses methyltransferase activities but does not exhibit an adaptive response conferring detectable resistance to mutagenic methylating agents. We have previously cloned the ada-like gene of S. typhimurium (adaST) and constructed an adaST-deletion derivative of S. typhimurium TA1535. Unexpectedly, the sensitivity of the resulting strain to the mutagenic action of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was similar to that of the parent strain. In this study, we have cloned and sequenced the ogt-like gene of S. typhimurium (ogtST) and characterized ogtST-deletion derivatives of TA1535. The ogtST mutant was more sensitive than the parent strain to the mutagenicity of MNNG and other simple alkylating agents with longer alkyl groups (ethyl, propyl, and butyl). The adaST-ogtST double mutant had a level of hypersensitivity to these agents similar to that of the ogtST single mutant. The ogtST and the adaST-ogtST mutants also displayed a two to three times higher spontaneous mutation frequency than the parent strain and the adaST mutant. These results indicate that the OgtST protein, but not the AdaST protein, plays a major role in protecting S. typhimurium from the mutagenic action of endogenous as well as exogenous alkylating agents.
Tutorial: time-multiplexed stereoscopic computer graphics (1992)

Time-multiplexed stereoscopic systems, which present the stereoscopic image by alternating right- and left-eye views of a scene on a CRT, are considered. The current technology for stereoscopic computer graphics is introduced, and an overview of factors important to the proper construction and display of computer images in a time-multiplexed environment is provided. The discussion covers the computation of stereoscopic views, stereoscopic display algorithms, horizontal parallax and factors affecting image quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast Reproducible Floating-Point Summation (2013)

Reproducibility, i.e. getting the bitwise identical floating point results from multiple runs of the same program, is a property that many users depend on either for debugging or correctness checking in many codes [1]. However, the combination of dynamic scheduling of parallel computing resources, and floating point nonassociativity, make attaining reproducibility a challenge even for simple reduction operations like computing the sum of a vector of numbers in parallel. We propose a technique for floating point summation that is reproducible independent of the order of summation. Our technique uses Rump's algorithm for error-free vector transformation [2], and is much more efficient than using (possibly very) high precision arithmetic. Our algorithm trades off efficiency and accuracy: we reproducibly attain reasonably accurate results (with an absolute error bound c · n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> · macheps · max |v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> | for a small constant c) with just 2n + O(1) floating-point operations, and quite accurate results (with an absolute error bound c · n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> · macheps <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> · max |v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> | with 5n + O(1) floating point operations, both with just two reduction operations. Higher accuracies are also possible by increasing the number of error-free transformations. As long as the same rounding mode is used, results computed by the proposed algorithms are reproducible for any run on any platform.
Multiplex Immunoassay for Lyme Disease Using VlsE1-IgG and pepC10-IgM Antibodies: Improving Test Performance through Bioinformatics (2011)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention currently recommends a 2-tier serologic approach to Lyme disease laboratory diagnosis, comprised of an initial serum enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi followed by supplementary IgG and IgM Western blotting of EIA-positive or -equivocal samples. Western blot accuracy is limited by subjective interpretation of weakly positive bands, false-positive IgM immunoblots, and low sensitivity for detection of early disease. We developed an objective alternative second-tier immunoassay using a multiplex microsphere system that measures VlsE1-IgG and pepC10-IgM antibodies simultaneously in the same sample. Our study population comprised 79 patients with early acute Lyme disease, 82 patients with early-convalescent-phase disease, 47 patients with stage II and III disease, 34 patients post-antibiotic treatment, and 794 controls. A bioinformatic technique called partial receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) regression was used to combine individual antibody levels into a single diagnostic score with a single cutoff; this technique enhances test performance when a high specificity is required (e.g., ≥ 95%). Compared to Western blotting, the multiplex assay was equally specific (95.6%) but 20.7% more sensitive for early-convalescent-phase disease (89.0% versus 68.3%, respectively; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] for difference, 12.1% to 30.9%) and 12.5% more sensitive overall (75.0% versus 62.5%, respectively; 95% CI for difference, 8.1% to 17.1%). As a second-tier test, a multiplex assay for VlsE1-IgG and pepC10-IgM antibodies performed as well as or better than Western blotting for Lyme disease diagnosis. Prospective validation studies appear to be warranted.
More than just a GPCR ligand: structure-based discovery of thioridazine derivatives as Pim-1 kinase inhibitors (2014)

A structure-based hierarchical virtual screening method was employed to identify a GPCR ligand, thioridazine, as a Pim-1 kinase inhibitor.
Accelerator-based atomic physics : techniques and applications (1997)

This work provides an overview of the instrumentation and experimental techniques currently in use in the field of accelerator-based atomic physics, and a discussion of their application to problems in atomic physics. This field has contributed much to the understanding of atomic structure and processes, and to other areas as well. The book includes some discussion of potential technological spin-offs and anticipated future developments. It is intended for professionals working in atomic and molecular physics, both in industry and academia.
Combining genomics and epidemiology to track mumps virus transmission in the United States (2020)

Unusually large outbreaks of mumps across the United States in 2016 and 2017 raised questions about the extent of mumps circulation and the relationship between these and prior outbreaks. We paired epidemiological data from public health investigations with analysis of mumps virus whole genome sequences from 201 infected individuals, focusing on Massachusetts university communities. Our analysis suggests continuous, undetected circulation of mumps locally and nationally, including multiple independent introductions into Massachusetts and into individual communities. Despite the presence of these multiple mumps virus lineages, the genomic data show that one lineage has dominated in the US since at least 2006. Widespread transmission was surprising given high vaccination rates, but we found no genetic evidence that variants arising during this outbreak contributed to vaccine escape. Viral genomic data allowed us to reconstruct mumps transmission links not evident from epidemiological data or standard single-gene surveillance efforts and also revealed connections between apparently unrelated mumps outbreaks.
Ventilation Rates by Measurement of Induced Radon Time-Dependent Behavior—Theory, Application, and Evaluation (1993)

The use of induced time-dependent 222Rn behavior to determine source rate magnitudes, ventilation rates (air change rates), and other parameters that affect 222Rn and progeny levels and exposure to building occupants is investigated. When the subject space is purged and the buildup (seepage) back into the space is measured, theoretical, normalized equations show a unique, one-to-one correspondence of the 222Rn and particulate progeny temporal levels to the air change rate in the space. The Bateman equations have been solved in closed form for 222Rn and progeny in air and trapped on a filter under these conditions. A total of 28 measurements of the time-dependent behavior of radon progeny for two test facilities [one with a constant air change rate and one with a constant National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-calibrated source] and four residential dwellings were made. The results were compared with theory and with air change rate measurements made by anemometer flow rates and by the conventional method (SF6 decay). For a factor of 2 range in air change rates in the NIST constant source case, the agreement with the SF6 method air change rate was within ±10.6% standard deviation and agreement with the NIST source magnitude of 37.0 ± 1 kBq was within ±4.9% standard deviation. Agreement to within ±17.7% standard deviation was obtained on determination of air change rates for the residential dwellings. Based on the airborne concentrations and air change rates, source emanation rate magnitudes were obtained. Analyses of the results are presented in detail, and factors affecting the accuracy and feasibility of the method are identified.
Cardioprotection and Myocardial Reperfusion (2013)

With the advent of thrombolytic therapy and angioplasty, it has become possible to reduce myocardial infarct size through early reperfusion. Enormous effort has been expended to find therapies that can further reduce infarct size after early intervention. Animal studies have identified many cardioprotective pathways that have the potential to reduce infarct size if activated before the onset of ischemia. More recently, interventions effective at the onset of reperfusion have been described. Although basic research has identified many targets, most has been conducted in rodent models which may not be directly applicable to human disease and even promising agents have been disappointing in large-scale clinical trials. There are many potential explanations for this failure which is the subject of this review. Potential factors include (1) the variability inherent in the patient population, whereas animal studies usually use single sex homogeneous groups maintained on standard diets in carefully controlled environments; (2) the duration of ischemia is generally shorter in animal studies, resulting in potentially more salvageable myocardium than is often the case in patients; (3) that the animals are usually young without comorbidities, whereas the patient population is generally older and has significant comorbidities; (4) animals are not treated with medications a priori, whereas the patient population is often taking medications that may affect ischemic injury; and (5) animal studies may not involve thorough assessment of effects on organs other than the heart, whereas patients can experience adverse effects of treatment in other organs that can preclude clinical use.
Notes:Reaction of Phenyl Isocyanate with N,N-Dimethylformamide (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes:Reaction of Phenyl Isocyanate with N,N-DimethylformamideMilton WeinerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 12, 2245–2246Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 April 2003Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01082a619https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01082a619research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views557Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular mechanism of oxidation‐induced TDP‐43 RRM1 aggregation and loss of function (2013)

Cysteine oxidation of the two RNA recognition motifs (RRM1 and RRM2) of TDP-43, a multi-domain protein involved in neurodegenerative diseases, results in loss of function and accumulation of insoluble aggregates under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms linking cysteine oxidation to protein aggregation and functional aberration remain unknown. We report that oxidation of cysteines in RRM1, but not in other domains, induced conformational changes which subsequently resulted in protein aggregation and loss of nucleic acid-binding activity. Thus, oxidation-induced conformational change of RRM1 plays a key role in TDP-43 aggregation and disease progression.
Combined Effects of Blood and Temperature Shift on <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> Gene Expression as Determined by Whole Genome DNA Array (2004)

Borrelia burgdorferi undergoes differential gene expression during transmission from its tick vector to a vertebrate host. The addition of blood to a spirochete culture at 35 degrees C for 48 h had a dramatic effect on gene expression of this organism. Utilizing B. burgdorferi whole genome DNA arrays, we compared the transcriptomes of the spirochetes following a 2-day temperature shift with blood and without blood. Using combined data from three independent RNA isolations we demonstrated that the addition of blood led to a differential expression of 154 genes. Of these, 75 genes were upregulated, with 49 (65%) of them encoded on plasmids. Blood supplementation of cultures also resulted in the downregulation of 79 genes, where 56 (70%) were plasmid encoded. We verified our results by reverse transcriptase PCR of several genes in both flat and feeding ticks. In the 2-day experiment we observed the effect that exposure to increased temperature and blood combined had on B. burgdorferi gene expression at this crucial time when the spirochetes begin to move from the vector to a new vertebrate host. These changes, among others, coincide with the upregulation of the chemotaxis and sensing regulons, of the lp38-encoded ABC transporter, of proteases capable of remodeling the outer surface of the spirochetes, and of the recombination genes of cp32 as a transient or initial part of the stress response of the phage. These are all functions that could cause or facilitate the changes that spirochetes undergo following a blood meal in the tick.
Mesenteric Vasculature-Guided Small Bowel Segmentation on 3-D CT (2013)

Due to its importance and possible applications in visualization, tumor detection and preoperative planning, automatic small bowel segmentation is essential for computer-aided diagnosis of small bowel pathology. However, segmenting the small bowel directly on computed tomography (CT) scans is very difficult because of the low image contrast on CT scans and high tortuosity of the small bowel and its close proximity to other abdominal organs. Motivated by the intensity characteristics of abdominal CT images, the anatomic relationship between the mesenteric vasculature and the small bowel, and potential usefulness of the mesenteric vasculature for establishing the path of the small bowel, we propose a novel mesenteric vasculature map-guided method for small bowel segmentation on high-resolution CT angiography scans. The major mesenteric arteries are first segmented using a vessel tracing method based on multi-linear subspace vessel model and Bayesian inference. Second, multi-view, multi-scale vesselness enhancement filters are used to segment small vessels, and vessels directly or indirectly connecting to the superior mesenteric artery are classified as mesenteric vessels. Third, a mesenteric vasculature map is built by linking vessel bifurcation points, and the small bowel is segmented by employing the mesenteric vessel map and fuzzy connectness. The method was evaluated on 11 abdominal CT scans of patients suspected of having carcinoid tumors with manually labeled reference standard. The result, 82.5% volume overlap accuracy compared with the reference standard, shows it is feasible to segment the small bowel on CT scans using the mesenteric vasculature as a roadmap.
Megasessions:Dense Packing (1994)

The following are guidelines for Megasessions and dense packing of hair transplants: ![Fig. 1.][1]</img> Fig. 1. 1400 grafts (1-3 hairs each) tightly packed in the frontal hairline including the side hairline in one session. Al the same time he also had approximately 400 grafts in the crown area