gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diverse Fab specific for acetylcholine receptor epitopes from a myasthenia gravis thymus combinatorial library (1997)

The muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis (MG) is caused by heterogeneous high-affinity IgG autoantibodies to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR), a complex ion channel glycoprotein. These antibodies are clearly responsible for reducing AChR numbers at the neuromuscular junction in myasthenia; however, the origins, diversity, specificity and pathogenicity of individual antibodies have not yet been established. We have cloned and characterized four different AChR-specific Fab from an MG patient's thymus by screening an IgG1/kappa gene combinatorial lambda phage library with soluble human AChR labeled with [125I] alpha-bungarotoxin. Unlike most previously cloned human antibodies, all four Fab immunoprecipitated soluble human muscle AChR. Two Fab strongly inhibited binding of mAb to the main immunogenic region on the alpha subunits and one Fab bound to an epitope on the fetal-specific gamma subunit. In sensitivity and fine specificity, these Fab resembled the anti-AChR antibodies found in many MG patients, including the donor. The closest germline counterparts for their heavy chains were in VH families 1, 3 and 4; however, there were many differences consistent with an antigen-driven response of diverse B cell clones. The combinatorial approach holds promise for further analysis of human autoantibodies.
Implications of a Vasodilatory Human Monoclonal Autoantibody in Postural Hypotension (2013)

Functional autoantibodies to the autonomic receptors are increasingly recognized in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. To date, no human activating monoclonal autoantibodies to these receptors have been available. In this study, we describe for the first time a β(2)-adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR)-activating monoclonal autoantibody (C5F2) produced from the lymphocytes of a patient with idiopathic postural hypotension. C5F2, an IgG3 isotype, recognizes an epitope in the N terminus of the second extracellular loop (ECL2) of β(2)AR. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed high binding affinity for the β(2)AR ECL2 peptide. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence demonstrated specific binding to β(2)AR in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, CHO cells expressing human β(2)AR, and rat aorta. C5F2 stimulated cyclic AMP production in β(2)AR-transfected CHO cells and induced potent dilation of isolated rat cremaster arterioles, both of which were specifically blocked by the β(2)AR-selective antagonist ICI-118551 and by the β(2)AR ECL2 peptide. This monoclonal antibody demonstrated sufficient activity to produce postural hypotension in its host. Its availability provides a unique opportunity to identify previously unrecognized causes and new pharmacological management of postural hypotension and other cardiovascular diseases.
A channel allocation algorithm for OSA-enabled IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2009)

Channel allocation problem is a major challenge in wireless local area networks (WLANs), especially in dense deployments of access points (APs) where congestion of the unlicensed spectrum bands (i.e., ISM bands) could undermine achieved network performance. This paper analyses the possibility to alleviate congestion of the ISM band by allowing some APs to use additional channels located in licensed bands in an opportunistic manner whenever licensee services (i.e., primary users) are not affected. Availability of these additional channels in licensed bands is assumed not to be the same for all the APs. Based on this assumption, we formulate the problem for the channel assignment as a binary linear programming (BLP) problem, which allows us to obtain an optimal solution despite an elevated execution time. We also develop a heuristic method based on building a minimum spanning tree (MST) graph attending to interference conditions that is able to find near-optimal solutions with a shorter execution time. Results are provided to assess the benefits of such a proposal under different WLAN deployment situations and primary channel availability conditions.
Self-tuned <i>RC</i> -active filters for VLSI (1986)

A technique is presented for automatically tuning integrated-circuit active RC filters. The control circuit uses a combination of digital and switched-capacitor techniques and is suitable for implementation in MOS technology. Simulated performance for an 80kHz third-order lowpass filter is given and indicates that the degradation of linearity due to the tuning technique is minimal.
Well-Defined Shape-Memory Networks with High Elastic Energy Capacity (2015)

Controlling network architecture and chain connectivity is critical to understanding elastic energy storage and improving performance of shape-memory polymers. Acrylate-terminated poly(caprolactones) were converted into thermoset networks by three different reactions: conventional free radical polymerization, radical-induced coupling with multifunctional thiols, and base-catalyzed Michael addition with multifunctional thiols. The highly efficient thiol–acrylate coupling reaction ensures that the molecular weight between cross-links is uniform, resulting in tougher, more elastic materials with a high degree of crystallinity and outstanding shape-memory properties. Elastomers can be cold drawn to achieve several hundred percent of strain, and upon heating, nearly complete shape recovery is observed. Shape fixity upon cold drawing is correlated to the degree of strain-induced crystallization which is influenced by the draw rate and stress treatment immediately following cold drawing. Slow unloading of samples drawn to 400% elongation indicates the material is capable of storing greater than 1.5 MJ/m3 of elastic energy.
Development and Use of Certain Flotation Reagents (1944)

From Forward: "When the experiments described in this bulletin were begun many of the reagents were available only in trial quantities. Some of them are now available in commercial quantities and are of different compositions from those that were available for experimental work. It was not possible to determine the exact chemical composition of some of the reagents."
On the design of an efficient encryption-then-compression system (2013)

In many practical scenarios, image encryption has to be conducted prior to image compression. This has led to the problem of how to design a pair of encryption and compression algorithms such that compressing the encrypted image can still be efficiently performed. In this work, we propose a permutation-based image encryption method conducted over the prediction error domain. We also design an arithmetic coding (AC)-based approach to efficiently compress the encrypted image. It can be shown that the proposed scheme can provide reasonably high level of security. More notably, the compression performance on the encrypted image is only slightly degraded, compared with that of compressing the original, un-encrypted one. In contrast, most of the existing approaches induce significant penalty on the compression performance.
Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes in Lung: Clinical Implications (1990)

Several subtypes of muscarinic receptors have been identified in airways and lung parenchyma of different species, including humans. M1 receptors may be present in parasympathetic ganglia where they appear to facilitate ganglionic neurotransmission. M2 receptors seem to be located on cholinergic nerve endings where they function as "autoreceptors," inhibiting acetylcholine release. M3 receptors appear to be located on effector cells, smooth muscle, and mucus secreting glands. Experimental data in support of this view are presented and discrepant data are discussed.
Decreased CD154 expression by neonatal CD4+ T cells is due to limitations in both proximal and distal events of T cell activation (2003)

Neonatal CD4(+) T cells express less CD154 protein and mRNA than adult CD4(+) T cells after activation by calcium ionophore and phorbol ester, but the mechanism for this reduced expression and its relevance to the primary immune response remain unclear. We compared expression of CD154 protein and mRNA and CD154 gene promoter activity by purified naive (CD45RA(high)CD45RO(low)) neonatal and adult CD4(+) T cells after activation by calcium ionophore (ionomycin) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) treatment or by engagement of alphabeta TCR-CD3 complex. Substantial and consistent reductions in expression by neonatal cells were found in all cases and were paralleled by decreased CD154-dependent activation of a B cell line. CD69 expression by neonatal CD4(+) T cells after alphabeta TCR-CD3 engagement was also reduced compared to adult cells, which suggested that limitations in activation-induced signaling by neonatal CD4(+) T cells occurred at a point upstream of where the signaling pathways leading to CD154 and CD69 expression diverge. Decreased CD154 expression by neonatal cells after alphabeta TCR-CD3 engagement was paralleled by a lower free intracellular calcium concentration, a key event for CD154 gene transcription. Reduced CD154 promoter activity by neonatal cells persisted when proximal signaling events were bypassed using ionomycin and PMA, suggesting an additional and more distal mechanism for decreased transcription. In contrast, CD154 mRNA stability was similar in neonatal and adult cells after either ionomycin and PMA stimulation or engagement of the alphabeta TCR-CD3 complex. We conclude that decreased CD154 production by neonatal CD4(+) T cells is due to limitations in both proximal and distal activation events, which together ultimately limit CD154 gene transcription.
Effort Scaling of Isometric Muscle Contractions (1973)

Maximum voluntary manual pull was measured on 18 Ss. These values were then used to determine the forces at 10% intervals from 30% to 100% of maximum strength for each S. In subsequent sessions, Ss started an exertion at one of these effort levels and then maintained an equal sensation of effort for 60 sec. The data at all 8 effort levels were closely approximated by triple-exponential decay functions. The percentage error between observed and calculated values ranged from 0.7% for the 100% effort data to 2.5% for the 20% condition. Since the function generated by a maximum voluntary contraction was not qualitatively different from the sub-maximal effort functions, it would seem that the fatigue curve may be viewed as a maximum effort function and, as such, involves the same processes that generate the lower intensity effort functions.
Histones of Drosophila Embryos (1974)

Five main classes of histones and one minor component have been isolated from Drosophila melanogaster embryos and purified by means of a gel electrophoretic method in which the electrophoretic mobilities of proteins depend on their hydrophobicity in addition to their charge and mass. When the purified histones are compared with analogous vertebrate histones in amino acid composition, the extent of difference varies widely among the different histone classes, the order from most to least conserved being F2a1, F3, F2a2, F2b, and F1. The compositional differences between mammalian and Drosophila F1 histones are particularly large, exceeding 30% for all amino acids except lysine and arginine. The F1 histone of Drosophila was cleaved with CNBr, and the COOH-terminal peptide, representing 60% of the molecule, was isolated. It was found to be enriched in lysine, as in rabbit F1 histone. These results suggest that despite the high rate of evolutionary change of this histone, the general arrangement of positively charged residues is largely conserved, possibly to satisfy requirements for correct binding to DNA. However, this COOH-terminal peptide contains less than one-half of the number of prolyl residues present in the corresponding portion of rabbit F1, indicating that the lysine-, alanine-, and proline-rich portion of this region, believed to be very constant among mammalian F1 histones, can undergo striking evolutionary changes.
A peptide to DNA conversion program (1986)

A modification and extension of the computer program REVCUT (Blumenthal et al, Nucl. Acids Res. 10, 91-101 (1982) is described. The new program searches for restriction endonuclease recognition sites that are not coding DNA sequences of a protein of known aminoacid sequence using bit patterns. The modifications make the program more accurate and extend the range of the restriction endonucleases.
Association between COX-2 expression and effectiveness of COX-2 inhibitors in a phase II trial in patients with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. (2012)

In the previously published phase II study, the addition of celecoxib to irinotecan and capecitabine did not appear to significantly increase the activity of chemotherapy. COX-2 expression by immunohistochemistry was neither prognostic nor predictive for response.
Genome-wide requirements for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> adaptation and survival in macrophages (2005)

Macrophages are central to host defense against microbes, but intracellular pathogens have evolved to evade their antimicrobial functions. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has successfully exploited macrophages as its primary niche in vivo, but the bacterial genome-wide requirements that promote its intracellular survival remain undefined. Here we comprehensively identify the MTB genes required for survival by screening for transposon mutants that fail to grow within primary macrophages. We identify mutants showing decreased growth in macrophage environments that model stages of the host immune response. By systematically analyzing several biologically relevant data sets, we have been able to identify putative pathways that could not be predicted by genome organization alone. In one example, phosphate transport, requiring physically unlinked genes, was found to be critical for MTB growth in macrophages and important for establishing persistent infection in lungs. Remarkably, the majority of MTB genes found by this analysis to be required for survival are constitutively expressed rather than regulated by macrophages, revealing the host-adapted lifestyle of an evolutionarily selected intracellular pathogen.
Parameter selection and programming recommendations for the ACE and CIS speech-processing strategies in the Nucleus 24 cochlear implant system (2002)

This study evaluated a range of programming parameters available for the ACE and CIS speech-processing strategies in the Nucleus 24 cochlear implant system. Specifically, the effect on speech perception of adjustments to the number of channels and the stimulation rate in the CIS strategy, and the effect of adjustments to the number of maxima in the ACE strategy were investigated in a group of adult subjects. Based on these findings, and the results of a previous study (Vandali et al., 2000), a number of recommendations for programming were identified that could improve efficiency in the clinical setting where time may be limited. The results suggest that speech perception benefits may be maximized for an individual cochlear implant recipient through concentration on selection of the appropriate stimulation rate. When using the CIS strategy, the number of channels should also be optimized. Adjustment to the number of maxima in the ACE strategy was found to be less likely to provide improvements in speech recognition for a given individual when the number of maxima parameter is set to eight or 12.
Knee implant imaging at 3 Tesla using high‐bandwidth radiofrequency pulses (2014)

The application of high-bandwidth RF pulses by local transmit coils substantially reduces through-plane distortion artifacts at 3 Tesla.
Solvent‐Stabilized Y‐Type Oxotitanium Phthalocyanine Photoconductive Nanoparticles: Preparation and Application in Single‐Layered Photoreceptors (2012)

Photoconductive Y-TiOPc nanoparticles (NPs) (dav = 3.4 nm), well dispersible in 1,2-dichloroethane, are efficiently prepared via a colloidal-solution-mediated phase-transition process. Single-layered photoreceptors composed of Y-TiOPc-NPs/insulator/Y-TiOPc-NPs quantum junctions exhibit outstanding xerographic properties by virtue of the high photogeneration quantum efficiency and high work function of the Y-TiOPc-NPs, as well as efficient light-induced electron tunneling through the junctions.
Unobtrusive Monitoring to Detect Depression for Elderly With Chronic Illnesses (2017)

Mental health related disorders are common diseases, especially among the elder. Among the various mental health diseases, one potential threat to ageing-in-place is the risk of depression. In this paper, we propose a simple unobtrusive sensing system using passive infra-red motion sensors to monitor the activities of daily living of elderly, who are living alone. A feature extraction module comprising of three layers-states, events, and activities, and the corresponding algorithms are proposed to extract features. Four popular classification models-neural network, C4.5 decision tree, Bayesian network, and support vector machine are then applied to detect the severity of depression. We implement and test the algorithms on sensor data collected over three months from 20 elderly, each in different daily living conditions. Our evaluation shows that the proposed algorithms are effective in detecting both normal condition and mild depression with up to 96% accuracy, using neural network as the classification algorithm. The sensing system is non-intrusive and cost-effective, with the potential of use for long-term depression monitoring and detection of early symptoms of mental related disorders. This enables caregivers to provide timely interventions to elderly, who are at risk of depression.
Local Control of Prostate Cancer by Intraarterial Infusion Chemotherapy Facilitated by the Use of Angiotensin II (1992)

Intraarterial infusion chemotherapy with angiotensin II was carried out in 8 prostate cancer patients whose ages ranged from 61 to 77 years. They had stage C or D tumor progression and complained of difficult urination, bone pain or lymphedema caused by intrapelvic tumor infiltration. Endocrine therapy had been done before the infusion therapy but the clinical status showed little change with a persistence of local symptoms. Cis-platinum and doxorubicin were infused with an indwelling catheter into both internal iliac arteries. After the completion of 1-5 courses, 6 of 8 patients responded remarkably in local symptoms. It is thought that intraarterial infusion chemotherapy can be used safely and effectively in elderly patients.
Towards a New Concept of In-Line Crankshaft Balancing by Contact Less Measurement: Process for Selecting the Best Digitizing System (2012)

Controlling the part’s balance of crankshafts are important issues for automotive manufacturers. Unbalance measurement is usually carried out using high-precision mechanical machines. The main objective of the present work is to replace mechanical measuring systems by a non-contact digitizing system, which permits the acquisition of the crankshaft surface. As the geometry to be measured presents a large variety of shapes and textures with accessibility issues, the definition of the best-suited scanning system related to geometrical and industrial constraints is a major issue. In this direction, the paper deals with the definition of a protocol based on quality indicators associated to the collected data to compare various digitizing systems. Those quality indicators are assessed thanks to simple artifacts measurement according to a specific procedure. The comparison protocol is applied to evaluate three triangulation based digitizing systems: Results allow us to identify well-adapted digitizing systems in relation to crankshaft balancing requirements.
Peripheral vision annotation (2011)

Augmented-reality (AR) systems present information about a user's surrounding environment by overlaying it on the user's real-world view. However, such overlaid information tends to obscure a user's field of view and thus impedes a user's real-world activities. This problem is especially critical when a user is wearing a head-mounted display. In this paper, we propose an information presentation mechanism for mobile AR systems by focusing on the user's gaze information and peripheral vision field. The gaze information is used to control the positions and the level-of-detail of the information overlaid on the user's field of view. We also propose a method for switching displayed information based on the difference in human visual perception between the peripheral and central visual fields. We develop a mobile AR system to test our proposed method consisting of a gaze-tracking system and a retinal imaging display. The eye-tracking system estimates whether the user's visual focus is on the information display area or not, and changes the information type from simple to detailed information accordingly.
A New Assist Technique to Enhance the Read and Write Margins of Low Voltage SRAM Cell (2012)

Improving the Noise margin is one of the important challenge in every state of the art SRAM design. Due to the Process variations like threshold voltage variations, supply voltage variations etc.. in scaled technologies, stable operation of the bit cell is critical to obtain with high yield in low-voltage SRAM. In this paper a new assist technique (Read assist and write assist) is proposed to enhance the read and write margins of the 6T SRAM bit cell and the same write assist circuit is applicable to enhance the write margin of the 8T SRAM bit cell. The simulations are performed in 90nm TSMC process Technology node and the read and write margin simulation results are compared with different SRAM circuits like 6T SRAM bit cell with cell ratio of 1, 2, 3 and Dynamic word line swing technique and 8T SRAM bit cell. The effect of temperature and threshold voltage values on Read and Write margins are observed. By using the proposed read assist technique the read margin is improved by 2.375 times for 6T cell and with write assist technique the write margin is improved by 1.89 times for 6T and 8T cells.
An adaptive nonlinear prefilter for compensation of distortion in nonlinear systems (1998)

This article concerns the linearization of a nonlinear system by connecting a nonlinear Volterra prefilter tandemly with the nonlinear system and by adaptively adjusting the coefficients of the prefilter. "A nonlinear filtered-x LMS algorithm" for updating the coefficients of a nonlinear prefilter, as proposed, is shown to be viewed as an extension of the well-known filtered-x LMS algorithm.
Anterior vaginal repair for urinary incontinence in women (2001)

There were not enough data to allow comparison of anterior vaginal repair with physical therapy or needle suspension for primary urinary stress incontinence in women. Open abdominal retropubic suspension appeared to be better than anterior vaginal repair judged on subjective cure rates in six trials, even in women who had prolapse in addition to stress incontinence (four trials). The need for repeat incontinence surgery was also less after the abdominal operation. However, there was not enough information about post-operative complications and morbidity.