gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study of Various Cross Sheet Resistor Test Structures (1978)

Newly designed cross sheet resistors are shown to give the same (within 0.5%) measured sheet resistance as conventional van der Pauw structures. Diffused boron and phosphorus layers with sheet resistances near 200 Ω/□ were studied with the sampled areas varying from a square 6.4 μm (0.25 mil) on a side to a circle 762 μm (30.0 mils) in diameter. An increase in measured sheet resistance values was observed due to surface leakage currents, and an equivalent circuit model was developed to explain the results. The effect of joule heating on measured sheet resistance values was observed in both large and small cross structures.
The most important <i>BMJ</i> for 50 years? (2003)

determining levels of remuneration, thus helping to improve recruitment, retention, and job satisfaction.
Continuing Evolution of Travel Time Data Information Collection and Processing (2009)

An exciting new traffic monitoring technology has been developed that provides accurate measurement of travel times as well as origin-destination data for freeway and arterial roadway networks. This technology receives signals emitted from Bluetooth equipped devices (cell phones, PDAs, car radios, etc.) in vehicles traveling past the monitoring units. The addresses of the received signals are compared by upstream and downstream units to derive travel times and origin-destination information. Tests of the Bluetooth devices have demonstrated high levels of accuracy and large sample sizes of 5% to 7% of the overall traffic stream. The Bluetooth devices are proving useful for measurement of travel times on both arterials and freeways at costs that are a factor of 100 less than equivalent floating car runs. In addition, the Bluetooth data has been shown to be superior to other data collection technologies (including conventional vehicle detectors) for measurement of arterial traffic flow. Privacy is less of an issue with the Bluetooth equipment due to the absence of databases that can relate addresses to specific individuals (owners). Future applications for this equipment are likely to include new traffic signal control algorithms that use the accurate measurement of travel times between intersections for calculation of traffic signal offsets that provide superior signal progression to that which is possible using conventional point traffic detectors. The Bluetooth equipment is currently being commercialized so that the traffic community can take advantage of its unique capabilities.
Integrated services to differentiated services packet forwarding: guaranteed service to expedited forwarding PHB (2002)

This paper outlines the design and simulation of a packet forwarding algorithm between integrated services and differentiated services network domains. The algorithm forward packets from guaranteed class-of-service flows into the expedited forwarding PHB. The algorithm is assumed to be implemented in a pipelined processor configuration that separate the input and output packet processing functions. The remaining jitter value is used to determine the packet forwarding priority. Measures of throughput and ratio of packet loss are given. From the simulation we learned that this algorithm yields to good packet throughput and tolerable packet loss ratio.
Differences in keratin synthesis between normal epithelial cells and squamous cell carcinomas are mediated by vitamin A. (1984)

A number of recent studies have indicated that the expression of keratins is altered upon malignant transformation of human epithelial cells. We have shown that the altered expression of 67-kDa and 40-kDa keratins in established squamous cell carcinoma lines from tongue and epidermis stems largely from a difference in their sensitivity to vitamin A apparently acquired during tumorigenesis. When the vitamin A concentration in the medium is raised, the 40-kDa keratin is produced at increased levels. Conversely, when the amount of vitamin is reduced, the 67-kDa keratin is synthesized and the cells undergo stratification and terminal differentiation. However, even when vitamin A is quantitatively removed from the medium, the maximal degree of differentiation attained by each squamous cell carcinoma cell as judged by the synthesis of 67-kDa keratin was still less than that of the normal keratinocytes. These findings suggest that the altered patterns of keratins observed for some tissues upon malignant transformation arise from a complex mixture of intracellular changes in the differentiative pathway in addition to changes in the responsiveness of cells to extracellular regulators of keratin gene expression.
Regulation of adipose cell differentiation. I. Fatty acids are inducers of the aP2 gene expression. (1991)

The regulation of the expression of adipose-related genes, i.e., aP2, adipsin, and glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) by growth hormone (GH) and polyamines, as well as the role of fatty acids, have been investigated in polyamine-dependent Ob1754 cells and Ob1771 preadipose cells. Growth hormone acts as an obligatory hormone for adipsin and GPDH gene expression but its presence is not required for the expression of the aP2 gene. In fully differentiated Ob1771 cells, impairment of fatty acid synthesis by glucose deprivation leads to an inhibition of the aP2 gene expression, whereas the expression of adipsin and GPDH genes remains unaffected. Supplementation of the culture medium with fatty acids prevents the decrease of aP2 gene expression, and this effect appears primarily due to an increase in the transcriptional level of aP2 gene. The induction of aP2 gene has been examined in early committed, lipid-free Ob1771 cells in which fatty acid synthesis is very low despite glucose supplementation. Long-chain fatty acids (greater than or equal to C12) are able to activate the aP2 gene. It is concluded that fatty acids or fatty acid metabolites activate the aP2 gene and subsequently modulate its expression.
Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab in Previously Treated Advanced Cervical Cancer: Results From the Phase II KEYNOTE-158 Study (2019)

Pembrolizumab monotherapy demonstrated durable antitumor activity and manageable safety in patients with advanced cervical cancer. On the basis of these results, the US Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval of pembrolizumab for patients with advanced PD-L1-positive cervical cancer who experienced progression during or after chemotherapy.
Analysis And Design Of A Modular Solar-fed Fault-tolerant Power System With Maximum Power Point Tracking (2005)

Solar power is becoming ever more popular in a variety of applications. It is particularly attractive because of its abundance, renewability, and environment friendliness. Solar powered spacecraft systems have ever-expanding loads with stringent power regulation specifications. Moreover, they require a light and compact design of their power system. These constraints make the optimization of power harvest from solar arrays a critical task. Florida Power Electronics Center (FPEC) at UCF set to develop a modular fault-tolerant power system architecture for space applications. This architecture provides a number of very attractive features including Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and uniform power stress distribution across the system. MPPT is a control technique that leads the system to operate its solar sources at the point where they provide maximum power. This point constantly moves following changes in ambient operating conditions. A digital controller is setup to locate it in real time while optimizing other operating parameters. This control scheme can increase the energy yield of the system by up to 45%, and thus significantly reduces the size and weight of the designed system. The modularity of the system makes it easy to prototype and expand. It boosts its reliability and allows on-line reconfiguration and maintenance, thus reducing down-time upon faults. This thesis targets the analysis and optimization of this architecture. A new modeling technique is introduced for MPPT in practical environments, and a novel digital power stress distribution scheme is proposed in order to properly distribute peak and thermal stress and improve reliability. A 2kW four-channel prototype of the system was built and tested. Experimental results confirm the theoretical improvements, and promise great success in the field.
A new tool for routine testing of cellular protein expression: integration of cell staining and analysis of protein expression on a microfluidic chip-based system. (2003)

The key benefits of Lab-on-a-Chip technology are substantial time savings via an automation of lab processes, and a reduction in sample and reagent volumes required to perform analysis. In this article we present a new implementation of cell assays on disposable microfluidic chips. The applications are based on the controlled movement of cells by pressure-driven flow in microfluidic channels and two-color fluorescence detection of single cells. This new technology allows for simple flow cytometric studies of cells in a microfluidic chip-based system. In addition, we developed staining procedures that work "on-chip," thus eliminating time-consuming washing steps. Cells and staining-reagents are loaded directly onto the microfluidic chip and analysis can start after a short incubation time. These procedures require only a fraction of the staining reagents generally needed for flow cytometry and only 30,000 cells per sample, demonstrating the advantages of microfluidic technology. The specific advantage of an on-chip staining reaction is the amount of time, cells, and reagents saved, which is of great importance when working with limited numbers of cells, e.g., primary cells or when needing to perform routine tests of cell cultures as a quality control step. Applications of this technology are antibody staining of proteins and determination of cell transfection efficiency by GFP expression. Results obtained with microfluidic chips, using standard cell lines and primary cells, show good correlation with data obtained using a conventional flow cytometer.
Style Matters: Explorations of Bodies, Whiteness, and Identity in Rock Climbing (2005)

The concern for style in climbing has been a long-standing debate in the climbing community, ranging from discussions around the politics of bolting routes to what exactly constitutes a first ascent. These debates, when read through Lacanian psychoanalysis, illustrate a larger concern for the construction of identity within rock climbing. Style becomes a strategy of differentiation that works through the signifier of whiteness to promise wholeness to the identity of the climber. Descriptions of the events in August of 2000 when four American climbers on a North Face expedition in Kyrgyzstan were taken hostage by members of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan illustrate that whiteness only covers up deficiencies in the subject and creates a constant state of insecurity. Through the concept of whiteness as a logic of difference, it is possible to understand how this event illustrates the construction of whiteness, and specifically, the moments when whiteness fails to provide being to the subject.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Transformations of 4,5‐Dihydro‐1,4‐benzothiazepin‐3(2H)‐ one Derivatives. (1987)

Abstract The benzothiazepinone derivative (VII) is synthesized from the thiophenolate (I) as outlined in the reaction scheme.
Floc agglomeration and structuration by a specific talc mineral composition (1997)

The quality of the effluent from a waste water treatment plant using the activated sludge process depends upon the bacteria flocculation efficiency. Intensive research work has been devoted to understanding flocculation phenomena and to correct disorders. The addition of very fine but dense talc particles to the aeration tank immediately improves floc formation and densifies the new flocs created. In the longer term, the fine talc particles improve floc structuration and form stable and strong flocs. This has been demonstrated by running a modified activated sludge through the high shear strength of pumps and hydrocyclones. These fine talc particles offer a solution to solve floc settleability problems which so frequently arise when biological disorders appear in waste water treatment plants. Two practical cases are presented.
Seismic image recognition tool via artificial neural network (2013)

In oil and gas exploration, seismic images are processed to identify the existence of potential reservoir by classifying the seismic image into different sections. These sections, also known as objects, are made up of different patterns portraying the structure of subsurface. This study aims to develop an artificial neural network to recognize the objects of channel and fault in seismic images. Three neural networks employing tan-sigmoid, log-sigmoid and purelin transfer function were created respectively. Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM) textual feature is used as image features in our dataset. The accuracy of the developed neural network in recognizing channel and fault in seismic images were measured. This preliminary study reveals that the feedforward neural network with transfer function of tan-sigmoid has the best performance in classifying the objects in our case. It is then used to develop an automated tool as our prototype system to facilitate seismic object recognition. It is observed that the prototype system can serve as a good tool for undergraduate students to learn about channel and fault recognition with minimal guidance from the experts.
Excitatory and inhibitory interactions among renal and cardiovascular afferent nerves in dorsomedial medulla (1986)

Central interactions between renal afferent nerves (RN) and carotid sinus (CSN) and aortic (AN) nerves were investigated by recording extracellular action potentials from single units in and around the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized cats. Forty-nine units were activated by electrical stimulation of the renal nerve; twenty-seven of these also were excited by CSN, AN, or both. Summation of inputs was demonstrated during simultaneous subthreshold or suprathreshold stimulation of RN and CSN or AN. In 10 units excited by simultaneous stimulation of RN and AN or CSN, a conditioning stimulus (333 Hz for 10 ms) applied to RN caused prolonged (up to 150 ms) inhibition of responses to stimulation of AN or CSN; reciprocal inhibitory interactions were also shown. These studies show that renal afferent input interacts with cardiovascular afferent input at neurons in the NTS region of dorsal medulla and suggest that the outcome of these interactions at the single cell level may be critically dependent on the temporal relationships among afferent impulses converging on common central synapses.
INCREASED EXPRESSION OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN (HSP)72 IN A HUMAN PROXIMAL TUBULAR CELL LINE (HK-2) WITH GENTAMICIN-INDUCED INJURY (2006)

Gentamicin (GM) has been widely used as an antibiotic and its nephrotoxicity has been recognized. However, the alternation of heat shock protein (HSP) 72 as an inductive protein in proximal tubular cells treated with GM is still unclear. In this study, GM cytotoxicity and its effect on the expression of HSP72 in human kidney proximal tubular (HK-2) cells were measured. HK-2 cells were incubated for 24 hr, 48 hr, 72 hr, and 96 hr with GM only and GM plus MnCl2, respectively. Cytotoxicity was determined by the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and effects of GM on oxidation in HK-2 cells were investigated by measurements of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the ability of viable cells to reduce a tetrazolium-based compound (MTT). The expression of HSP72 was measured by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and RT-PCR. Cells were exposed to GM at a concentration of 100 microg/ml. After 24 hr MTT uptake decreased significantly and then gradually until 96 hr. LDH release increased time-dependently from 24 hr to 72 hr, but decreased at 96 hr compared with the data at 72 hr when cells were treated with GM only. Both results of NAG and SOD activities and results of MDA content were similar to that of the LDH release. The amount of HSP72 positive cells increased at 24 hr after exposure to GM up to 72 hr. HSP72 expression increased significantly from 24 hr, and reached its peak at 72 hr when cells were treated with GM only. Furthermore, the change of the HSP72 gene transcription was similar to the expression of HSP72. These results demonstrated that GM treatment could induce damage to HK-2 cells and that the expression of HSP72 increased when cells were injured by GM.
Polyphosphates strongly inhibit the tRNA dependent synthesis of poly(A) catalyzed by poly(A) polymerase from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2003)

Polyphosphates of different chain lengths (P(3), P(4), P(15), P(35)), (1 microM) inhibited 10, 60, 90 and 100%, respectively, the primer (tRNA) dependent synthesis of poly(A) catalyzed poly(A) polymerase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The relative inhibition evoked by p(4)A and P(4) (1 microM) was 40 and 60%, respectively, whereas 1 microM Ap(4)A was not inhibitory. P(4) and P(15) were assayed as inhibitors of the enzyme in the presence of (a) saturating tRNA and variable concentrations of ATP and (b) saturating ATP and variable concentrations of tRNA. In (a), P(4) and P(15) behaved as competitive inhibitors, with K(i) values of 0.5 microM and 0.2 microM, respectively. In addition, P(4) (at 1 microM) and P(15) (at 0.3 microM) changed the Hill coefficient (n(H)) from 1 (control) to about 1.3 and 1.6, respectively. In (b), the inhibition by P(4) and P(15) decreased V and modified only slightly the K(m) values of the enzyme towards tRNA.
Digging for knowledge with information extraction (2010)

We present the information extraction system Text2SemRel. The system (semi-) automatically constructs knowledge bases from textual data consisting of facts about entities using semantic relations. An integral part of the system is a graph-based interactive visualization and search layer. The second contribution in this paper is the presentation of a case study on the (semi-) automatic construction of a knowledge base consisting of gene-disease associations. The resulting knowledge base, the Literature-derived Human Gene-Disease Network (LHGDN), is now an integral part of the Linked Life Data initiative and represents currently the largest publicly available gene-disease repository. The LHGDN is compared against several curated state of the art databases. A unique feature of the LHGDN is that the semantics of the associations constitute a wide variety of biomolecular conditions.
Demand Response in an Isolated System With High Wind Integration (2011)

Growing load factors in winter and summer peaks are a serious problem faced by the Spanish electric energy system. This has led to the extensive use of peak load plants and thus to higher costs for the whole system. Wind energy represents a strongly increasing percentage of overall electricity production, but wind normally does not follow the typical demand profile. As generation flexibility is limited due to technical restrictions, and in absence of large energy storages, the other side of the equilibrium generation-demand has to react. Demand side management measures intend to adapt the demand profile to the situation in the system. In this paper, the operation of an electric system with high wind penetration is modeled by means of a unit commitment problem. Demand shifting and peak shaving are considered in this operation problem. Demand shifting is modeled in two different ways. Firstly, the system operator controls the shift of demand; secondly, each consumer decides its reaction to prices depending on its elasticity. The model is applied to the isolated power system of Gran Canaria. The impact of an increased installed wind capacity on operation and the cost savings resulting from the introduction of responsive demand are assessed. Furthermore, results from the different implemented demand response options are compared.
Azimuth/Elevation Servo Design Of The W.M. Keck Telescope (1988)

The servo model, design methodology, and performance prediction of the W. M. Keck Telescope is discussed. The tracking/slewing requirements are stringent compared with other telescopes in order to take full advantage of the improved technology in mirror fabri-cation. The combination of stringent requirements and large size makes the Keck Telescope servo design interesting to other servo designers.
The bZIP Transcription Factor Nrl Stimulates Rhodopsin Promoter Activity in Primary Retinal Cell Cultures (1996)

In vitro DNA binding assays and transient transfection analysis with monkey kidney cells have implicated Nrl, a member of the Maf-Nrl subfamily of bZIP transcription factors, and the Nrl response element (NRE) in the regulation of rhodopsin expression. We have now further explored the role of the NRE and surrounding promoter elements. Using the yeast one-hybrid screen with integrated NRE and flanking DNA as bait, the predominant clone obtained was bovine Nrl. Recovery of truncated clones in the screen demonstrated that the carboxyl-terminal half of Nrl, which contains the basic and leucine zipper domains, is sufficient for DNA binding. To functionally dissect the rhodopsin promoter, transient expression studies with primary chick retinal cell cultures were performed. Deletion and mutation analyses identified two positive regulatory sequences: one between -40 and -84 base pairs (bp) and another between -84 and -130 bp. Activity of the -40 to -84 region was shown to be largely due to the NRE. On co-transfection with an NRL expression vector, there were 3-5-fold increases in the activity of rhodopsin promoter constructs containing an intact NRE but little or no effect with rhodopsin promoters containing a mutated or deleted NRE. Nrl was more effective than the related bZIP proteins, c-Fos and c-Jun, in stimulating rhodopsin promoter activity. The -84- to -130-bp region acted synergistically with the NRE to enhance both the level of basal expression and the degree of Nrl-mediated trans-activation. These studies support Nrl as a regulator of rhodopsin expression in vivo, identify an additional regulatory region just upstream of the NRE, and demonstrate the utility of primary retinal cell cultures for characterizing both the cis-acting response elements and trans-acting factors that regulate photoreceptor gene expression.
Design principle of piezoelectric polymer transducers (1978)

Based on the model proposed by Edelman and de Reggi, simple fundamental relations of a sector form electroacoustic transducer with piezoelectric polymer diaphragm are derived. Calculated values of the compliance of the vibrating system are mainly controlled by the bulk modulus of the polyurethane foam backing. As an example, the sensitivity of the piezoelectric polymer headphone with an artificial ear B&K type 4153) is calculated under stiffness control frequency region. Furthermore, a push-pull-type piezoelectric polymer headphone is also studied in order to improve the sensitivity.
R<scp>efusals to</scp> D<scp>eal</scp>, P<scp>rice</scp> D<scp>iscrimination</scp>, <scp>and</scp> I<scp>ndependent</scp> S<scp>ervice</scp> O<scp>rganizations</scp> (1993)

A number of recent Canadian and U.S. antitrust cases have involved allegations that manufacturers of durable products have refused to supply parts to independent service organizations, apparently to monopolize the market for repairs of their products. This paper provides a theory of these strategies and considers the welfare implications of judicial orders to supply. The refusals here are seen as necessary to protect manufacturers' program of price discrimination: Expensive repairs represent a way to select high‐intensity, high‐value users and charge them more. In addition to the usual ambiguity associated with the welfare effects of prohibitions of price discrimination, forcing competition in repairs can have the further damaging effect of reducing social welfare by inducing manufacturers to lower product quality.