gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A review of the current options for the treatment and safe disposal of drill cuttings (2011)

Drilling for the exploration and extraction of oil requires the use of drilling fluids which are continuously pumped down and returned carrying the rock phase that is extracted from the well. The potential environmental impacts of contaminated fluids from drilling operations have attracted increasing community awareness and scrutiny. This review article highlights current advances in the treatment of drill cuttings and compares the technologies in terms of cost, time and space requirements. Traditionally, a range of non-biological methods have been employed for the disposal of drill cuttings including burial pits, landfills and re-injection, chemical stabilization and solidification and thermal treatments such as incineration and thermal desorption. More recently, bioremediation has been successfully applied as a treatment process for cuttings. This review provides a current comparison of bioremediation technologies and non-biological technologies for the treatment of contaminated drill cuttings providing information on a number of factors that need to be taken into account when choosing the best technology for drilling waste management including the environmental risks associated with disposal of drilling wastes.
Small planetary rovers (2002)

The authors argue that small rovers on the order of 1 to 2 kg are suitable for planetary exploration. Not only are they extremely cost effective but they also enable a number of new possibilities for scientific objectives. The authors describe their Attila robots which are prototypes for planetary rovers at the larger end of the scale (1.6 kg). The robots have 24 actuators and over 150 sensors, all connected via a local network to 11 onboard computers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Critical current variation as a function of transverse stress of \nBi-2212 Rutherford cables (2000)

Transverse loading experiments on wire has shown that a significant drop in critical current occurs for stresses greater than 50 MPa. However, many high-energy physics applications require that the Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8/ conductor withstand stresses greater than 100 MPa without permanent degradation. Therefore, a study of epoxy impregnated cables, identical to those used in accelerator magnet applications, has been performed. This work presents the first results of Rutherford cables of Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8/ with transverse stress. The results show that the cable can withstand stresses up to 60 MPa with a strain of about 0.3% for the face loading orientation and 100 MPa for the edge loading orientation.
ComX is a unique link between multiple quorum sensing outputs and competence in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2003)

Natural competence for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae is achieved directly by specific proteins that are involved in DNA uptake and chromosomal recombination, and is regulated indirectly by a quorum-sensing system encoded by two loci, comAB and comCDE. The alternative sigma factor, ComX, is thought to be the unique link between quorum sensing and competence-specific genes. To test this hypothesis, we replaced the quorum-sensing inducible promoter (PQ) of the comX gene with either a constitutive promoter (PC) or a raffinose-inducible promoter (PR), so that comX transcription would be independent of quorum sensing. Surprisingly, both competence and expression of late genes, such as ssbB, cglA or celB, were found to depend on CSP in these mutants. An unknown, CSP-dependent regulator was needed when comX was expressed from these ectopic promoters, and it appears to act post-transcriptionally. However, when a multicopy nisin-inducible ComX-overexpressing plasmid was introduced, pneumococcal cells developed competence in the presence of nisin even despite deletion of comE. At 1% of the normal protein peak level, ComX protein stimulated competence without the participation of the pheromone response circuit. Thus, ComX is a unique link to competence-specific genes, but depends on multiple outputs of quorum sensing for maximal expression.
how to manage the patient with a family history of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (2004)

INTRODUCTION ‘The truth is rarely pure and never simple’. So said Oscar Wilde, and this is certainly the case for individuals with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm or a family history of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Before you can counsel these people, it is first necessary for the clinician to have a grasp of this complex area because once you have told the patient something it cannot be untold. You might subsequently expand on the information imparted, but you cannot remove it – correct or incorrect – from the patient’s mind (Fuller 2001). In this article I will summarize the relevant knowledge, and offer some advice, on management in this rather fraught area of medicine. There are several stages of assessment and management to consider: What is an individual’s risk of harbouring an aneurysm? How best to detect an aneurysm without exposing the patient to unnecessary stress or risk? If
Simple Amine-Directed Meta-Selective C–H Arylation via Pd/Norbornene Catalysis (2015)

Herein we report a highly meta-selective C-H arylation using simple tertiary amines as the directing group. This method takes advantage of Pd/norbornene catalysis, offering a distinct strategy to control the site selectivity. The reaction was promoted by commercially available AsPh3 as the ligand and a unique "acetate cocktail". Aryl iodides with an ortho electron-withdrawing group were employed as the coupling partner. A wide range of functional groups, including some heteroarenes, are tolerated under the reaction conditions. In addition, the amine directing group can be easily installed and transformed to other common versatile functional groups. We expect this C-H functionalization mode to have broad implications for developing other meta-selective transformations beyond this work.
Physical Properties of Fused Salt Mixtures (1965)

Foreword: The purpose of the present work was to collect and tabulate data on fused salt mixtures.
Introductory Quantum Optics (2004)

This book provides an elementary introduction to the subject of quantum optics, the study of the quantum mechanical nature of light and its interaction with matter. The presentation is almost entirely concerned with the quantized electromagnetic field. Topics covered include single-mode field quantization in a cavity, quantization of multimode fields, quantum phase, coherent states, quasi-probability distribution in phase space, atom-field interactions, the Jaynes-Cummings model, quantum coherence theory, beam splitters and interferometers, dissipative interactions, nonclassical field states with squeezing etc., 'Schrödinger cat' states, tests of local realism with entangled photons from down-conversion, experimental realizations of cavity quantum electrodynamics, trapped ions, decoherence, and some applications to quantum information processing, particularly quantum cryptography. The book contains many homework problems and an extensive bibliography. This text is designed for upper-level undergraduates taking courses in quantum optics who have already taken a course in quantum mechanics, and for first and second year graduate students.
Vapor transport deposition of large‐area polycrystalline CdTe for radiation image sensor application (2014)

Abstract Vapor transport deposition (VTD) process delivers saturated vapor to substrate, resulting in high‐throughput and scalable process. In addition, VTD can maintain lower substrate temperature than close‐spaced sublimation (CSS). The motivation of this work is to adopt several advantages of VTD for radiation image sensor application. Polycrystalline CdTe films were obtained on 300 mm×300 mm indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass. The polycrystalline CdTe film has columnar structure with average grain size of 3 µm ∼ 9 µm, which can be controlled by changing the substrate temperature. In order to analyze electrical and X‐ray characteristics, ITO‐CdTe‐Al sandwich structured device was fabricated. Effective resistivity of the polycrystalline CdTe film was ∼1.4×10 9 Ωcm. The device was operated under hole‐collection mode. The responsivity and the µτ product estimated to be 6.8 µC/cm 2 R and 5.5×10 –7 cm 2 /V. The VTD can be a process of choice for monolithic integration of CdTe thick film for radiation image sensor and CMOS/TFT circuitry. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Monocular SLAM Supported Object Recognition (2015)

In this work, we develop a monocular SLAMaware object recognition system that is able to achieve considerably stronger recognition performance, as compared to classical object recognition systems that function on a frame-by-frame basis. By incorporating several key ideas including multi-view object proposals and efficient feature encoding methods, our proposed system is able to detect and robustly recognize objects in its environment using a single RGB camera in near-constant time. Through experiments, we illustrate the utility of using such a system to effectively detect and recognize objects, incorporating multiple object viewpoint detections into a unified prediction hypothesis. The performance of the proposed recognition system is evaluated on the UW RGB-D Dataset, showing strong recognition performance and scalable run-time performance compared to current state-of-the-art recognition systems.
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome: from basic to clinics (2020)

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has occurred in China and around the world. SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with severe pneumonia rapidly develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and die of multiple organ failure. Despite advances in supportive care approaches, ARDS is still associated with high mortality and morbidity. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy may be an potential alternative strategy for treating ARDS by targeting the various pathophysiological events of ARDS. By releasing a variety of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles, MSC can exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-microbial, and pro-angiogenic effects, promote bacterial and alveolar fluid clearance, disrupt the pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cell damage, eventually avoiding the lung and distal organ injuries to rescue patients with ARDS. An increasing number of experimental animal studies and early clinical studies verify the safety and efficacy of MSC therapy in ARDS. Since low cell engraftment and survival in lung limit MSC therapeutic potentials, several strategies have been developed to enhance their engraftment in the lung and their intrinsic, therapeutic properties. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms and optimization of MSC therapy in ARDS and highlighted the potentials and possible barriers of MSC therapy for COVID-19 patients with ARDS.
J.P. Van Haelst (1997)

OP-32: Decreased chemotaxis of lymphocytes labelled with 99Tcm-HMPAO is possibly related to apoptosis: PDF Only
An Experimental and Analytical Study of Flash-Boiling Fuel Injection (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Flash-boiling fuel injection is obtained by preheating liquid fuel within the injector so that the sudden decrease of pressure during injection causes rapid boiling of the fuel. Rapid expansion of the vapor phase may then atomize the liquid jet.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Two distinct types of flash atomization were observed experimentally. First, at relatively low fuel temperatures the liquid jet remains intact for a short period after leaving the nozzle, then suddenly breaks up when rapid bubble growth begins. Second, at higher fuel temperatures, flash boiling within the injector orifice produces an underexpanded, compressible, two-phase flow. Sudden expansion immediately upon leaving the orifice yields large spray cone angles.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">An analytical model of vapor-bubble growth was applied to enhance understanding of the flash-injection process. Calculated time scales for bubble growth and delay times were found to be consistent with the above two flashing regimes at both low and high fuel preheat temperatures. Also an unfavorable trend toward suppressed bubble growth with increasing injection pressure was calculated.</div>
Cyanopyrimidine–Carbazole Hybrid Host Materials for High-Efficiency and Low-Efficiency Roll-Off TADF OLEDs (2018)

Two isomeric host materials (Sy and Asy) comprising carbazole (donor) and CN-substituted pyrimidine (acceptor) were synthesized, characterized, and utilized as host materials for green and blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Both molecules have high triplet energy and small energy difference between singlet and triplet states, leading to feasible TADF. The different linking topologies of carbazole and CN groups on the pyrimidine core provide distinct photophysical properties and molecular packing manners, which further influence the efficiency as they served as hosts in TADF OLEDs. As compared to Asy-based cases, the Sy-hosted TADF OLED device gave higher maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of 24.0% (vs 22.5%) for green (4CzIPN as a dopant) and 20.4% (vs 15.0%) for blue (2CzTPN as a dopant) and low efficiency roll-off. The high horizontal dipole ratio (Θ ≈ 88%) for both emitters dispersed in Sy and Asy hosts accounts for the high device efficiency. A clear molecular structure-physical property-device performance relationship has been established to highlight the importance of symmetrical structure in TADF host material design.
A high performance coherent phase-locked synchronous oscillator (2003)

The authors present an optimum design approach for a 136-MHz coherent phase-locked synchronous oscillator (CPSO). They show the amplitude and phase characteristics measured with a network analyzer. A -17-dBm sweep signal was applied to the CPSO and a 5-MHz tracking bandwidth was observed. Within the tracking bandwidth, the output amplitude of the CPSO remained flat, the phase error was minimized, and the CPSO operated at its maximum noise rejection level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Banknote authentication using chaotic elements technology (2017)

The counterfeit banknote is a growing threat to the society since the advancements in the field of computers, scanners and photocopiers, as they have made the duplication process for banknote much simpler. The fake note detection systems developed so far have many drawbacks such as high cost, poor accuracy, unavailability, lack of user-friendliness and lower effectiveness. One possible solution to this problem could be the use of a system uniquely linked to the banknote itself. In this paper, we present a unique identification and authentication process for the banknote using chaotic elements embedded in it. A chaotic element means that the physical elements are formed from a random process independent from human intervention. The chaotic elements used in this paper are the random distribution patterns of such security fibres set into the paper pulp. A unique ID is generated from the fibre pattern obtained from UV image of the note, which can be verified by any person who receives the banknote to decide whether the banknote is authentic or not. Performance analysis of the system is also studied in this paper.
Preventing Execution of Unauthorized Native-Code Software (2017)

The business world is exhibiting a growing dependency on computer systems, their operations and the databases they contain. Unfortunately, it also suffers from an ever growing recurrence of malicious software attacks. Malicious attack vectors are diverse and the computer-security industry is producing an abundance of behavioral-pattern detections to combat the phenomenon. This paper proposes an alternative approach, based on the implementation of an attested, and thus trusted, thin-hypervisor. Secondary level address translation tables, governed and fully controlled by the hypervisor, are configured in order to assure that only pre-whitelisted instructions can be executed in the system. This methodology provides resistance to most APT attack vectors, including those based on zero-day vulnerabilities that may slip under behavioral-pattern radars.
Targeted silencing of the oncogenic transcription factor SOX2 in breast cancer (2012)

The transcription factor (TF) SOX2 is essential for the maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal in embryonic stem cells. In addition to its normal stem cell function, SOX2 over-expression is associated with cancer development. The ability to selectively target this and other oncogenic TFs in cells, however, remains a significant challenge due to the 'undruggable' characteristics of these molecules. Here, we employ a zinc finger (ZF)-based artificial TF (ATF) approach to selectively suppress SOX2 gene expression in cancer cells. We engineered four different proteins each composed of 6ZF arrays designed to bind 18 bp sites in the SOX2 promoter and enhancer region, which controls SOX2 methylation. The 6ZF domains were linked to the Kruppel Associated Box (SKD) repressor domain. Three engineered proteins were able to bind their endogenous target sites and effectively suppress SOX2 expression (up to 95% repression efficiencies) in breast cancer cells. Targeted down-regulation of SOX2 expression resulted in decreased tumor cell proliferation and colony formation in these cells. Furthermore, induced expression of an ATF in a mouse model inhibited breast cancer cell growth. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the effectiveness and therapeutic potential of engineered ATFs to mediate potent and long-lasting down-regulation of oncogenic TF expression in cancer cells.
Occurrence of cationic surfactants and related products in urban coastal environments (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleOccurrence of cationic surfactants and related products in urban coastal environmentsP. Fernandez, M. Valls, J. M. Bayona, and J. AlbalgesCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 3, 547–550Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/es00015a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (362 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Retroactivity of New Rules of Constitutional Law: Why the Supreme Court Should Have Overturned Warren Summerlin's Unconstitutional Death Sentence (2004)

He who the sword of heaven will bear should be as holy as severe
Cortical tremor (1990)

Two patients with action tremor that was thought to originate in the cerebral cortex showed fine shivering-like finger twitching provoked mainly by action and posture. Surface EMG showed relatively rhythmic discharge at a rate of about 9 Hz, which resembled essential tremor. However, electrophysiologic studies revealed giant somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) with enhanced long-loop reflex and premovement cortical spike by the jerk-locked averaging method. Treatment with beta-blocker showed no effect, but anticonvulsants such as clonazepam, valproate, and primidone were effective to suppress the tremor and the amplitude of SEPs. We call this involuntary movement "cortical tremor," which is in fact a variant of cortical reflex myoclonus.
OLED pixel array on a dome (2005)

We made the first array of organic light emitting diode (OLED) pixels on a dome of clear polymer foil. The array is first fabricated flat and then shaped to the dome. During the shaping the polymer substrate undergoes plastic deformation, while the OLED pixels remain intact. The functional OLED array dome shows that displays can be made on a non-developable (here, spherical) surface. It is a key advance in the fabrication of conformally shaped electronics.
A Bloom Filter-Based User Search Method Based on Movement Records for P2P Network (2009)

In this paper, we propose a P2P user search method based on movement records that can be automatically obtained by location detection devices. We assume movement records are treated as a sequence of pairs of spot ID and time and they are stored in a peer for each user. In our proposal, a Bloom Filter is applied to each spot ID and time to combine all movement records for one user as a fixed length bit array. To search a user who followed specified course, we propose a AND/OR search method based on Bloom finger table (BFT), which extends a routing table of a Chord DHT system to retrieve elements using Bloom filter. By this method, user searches based on a sequence of locations with or without time can be realized efficiently. Additionally, in order to reduce the number of messages for a user search, we propose a peer-ID assignment for BFT based on user's geographical foothold. The number of messages for a user search can be reduced by this peer-ID assignment since users who visit same places are located closer to each other on the routing table. Evaluation results of simulations show that our proposal reduces the number of messages compared to a naive implementation using existing P2P retrieval method.
Some bacterial parameters influencing the neutrophil oxidative burst response to <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> biofilms (1992)

Persistence of bacteria in spite of a normal host immune system and relevant antibiotic treatment is a key problem in many chronic infections, such as the bronchopulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis patients. The capability of bacteria to establish themselves in microcolonies or biofilms is an important protective mechanism of the microorganisms. We examined the human PMN oxidative burst response to P. aeruginosa in biofilm and in planktonic form. The PMN chemiluminescence response to P. aeruginosa in biofilms was reduced to 30.5-47.5% (p less than 0.04) and the superoxide response to 85.9% (p less than 0.02) of the response to equivalent numbers of planktonic bacteria. Mechanical disruption of the biofilms before the assays elicited a significantly increased response in the chemiluminescence experiments and to nonopsonized biofilms in the superoxide anion experiments. We conclude that biofilm bacteria, although able to stimulate the PMN, result in a reduced, suboptimal response leading to lack of efficient eradication of the bacteria in the chronic infection.