gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase locked transparent tone-in-band: an analysis (mobile radio) (2003)

The locking mechanism for transparent tone-in-band (TTIB) was analyzed. The major issue addressed was the phase error in recombining the subbands, especially when phase-lock is applied to data. The effect on BER (bit error rate) performance was evaluated, and it was demonstrated that the phase error phi should be held to 0.1 radians or less if degradation is not to exceed 1 db. The most significant finding was the high level of self-noise in the PLTTIB (phase-locked TTIB) phase detector output. Its variance is only halved when the SNR (signal/noise ratio) increases from 7 dB to infinity. The self-noise forces a very small loop bandwidth if phi is to be small enough not to degrade BER performance. The effect on system design is a slow pull-in time, up to 1500 symbols, even with infinite SNR. It is concluded that PLTTIB is unsuitable for burst transmission of data. On the other hand, for continuous transmission or for very long blocks, PLTTIB has a significant advantage: phase locking can be achieved for any signal format, as long as there is sufficient power near 0 Hz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibitory effect of triptolide on colony formation of breast and stomach cancer cell lines. (1991)

Triptolide (Tri) is a diterpenoid triepoxide isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. The effects of Tri on the colony formation of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and BT-20, stomach cancer cell lines MKN-45, MKN-7, and KATO-III, and promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 were reported. Using Hamburger-Salmon's double layer agar technique with certain modifications, cancer cells were cultured in 0.3% agar in a highly humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 degrees C for 14-21 d. Colonies were counted on d 14 (occasionally d 21) with the colony analyzer system CA-7A. Of the 5 solid tumor cell lines tested, 4 showed diminished colony formation in soft agar by greater than 70% of control value in Tri 10(-8) mol.L-1 (continuous exposure). The magnitudes of the inhibitory effect of Tri on most breast and stomach cancer cell lines were similar to that on the leukemia cell line HL-60. IC50 were 0.504-1.22 micrograms.L-1. The clinically achievable peak plasma concentration (PPC) of Tri was estimated as 0.15 mg.L-1, being 72-126 times higher than the IC70 of the cancer cell lines except KATO-III. The results suggest that Tri might have a potential therapeutic effect on some types of solid tumors, e.g., breast and stomach cancers.
Myotubularin-Related Phosphatase 3 Promotes Growth of Colorectal Cancer Cells (2014)

Due to changes in lifestyle, particularly changes in dietary habits, colorectal cancer (CRC) increased in recent years despite advances in treatment. Nearly one million new cases diagnosed worldwide and half a million deaths make CRC a leading cause of cancer mortality. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of myotubularin-related phosphatase 3 (MTMR3) in CRC cell growth via lentivirus-mediated small interfering RNA (siRNA) transduction in human colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW1116. The effect of MTMR3 knockdown on cell growth was evaluated by MTT, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays. The effect of MTMR3 knockdown on cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry with Annexin V/7-AAD double staining. The activation of apoptotic markers, Bad and PARP, was detected using Intracellular Signaling Array. Knockdown of MTMR3 resulted in a significant reduction in cell proliferation in both HCT116 and SW1116 cells. Moreover, knockdown of MTMR3 led to S phase cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, knockdown of MTMR3 induced cell apoptosis via phosphorylation of Bad and cleavage of PARP. These results indicate that MTMR3 may play an important role in the progression of CRC and suggest that siRNA mediated silencing of MTMR3 could be an effective tool in CRC treatment.
A 1-V Fully Integrated CMOS Frequency Synthesizer for 5-GHz WLAN (2005)

A fully integrated 5 GHz phase-locked loop (PLL) based frequency synthesizer operating from a 1 V power supply was implemented in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. An on-chip Dickson charge pump is used to generate the relatively high voltage necessary to achieve the desired frequency tuning range of the LC VCO. Fully differential circuitry is used in order to reduce sensitivity to noise. A settling time of 40 /spl mu/s was measured, corresponding to a 310 MHz output frequency step. The power consumption is 29.9 mW, achieving a phase noise of -96.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz and -115.9 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offsets. The overall tuning range is 700 MHz.
Enabling fine-grained permissions for augmented reality applications with recognizers (2013)

Augmented reality (AR) applications sense the environment, then render virtual objects on human senses. Examples include smartphone applications that annotate storefronts with reviews and XBox Kinect games that show “avatars ” mimicking human movements. No current OS has special support for such applications. As a result, permissions for AR applications are necessarily coarse-grained: applications must ask for access to raw sensor feeds, such as video and audio. These raw feeds expose significant additional information beyond what applications need, including sensitive information such as the user’s location, face, or surroundings. Instead of exposing raw sensor data to applications directly, we introduce a new OS abstraction: the recognizer. A recognizer takes raw sensor data as input and exposes higher-level objects, such as a skeleton or a face, to applications. We propose a fine-grained permission system where applications request permissions at the granularity of recognizer objects. We analyze 87 shipping AR applications and find that a set of four core recognizers covers almost all current apps. We also introduce privacy goggles, a visualization of sensitive data exposed to an application. Surveys of 962 people establish a clear “privacy ordering ” over recognizers and demonstrate that privacy goggles are effective at communicating application capabilities. We build a prototype on Windows that exposes nine recognizers to applications, including the Kinect skeleton tracker. Our prototype incurs negligible overhead for single applications, while improving performance of concurrent applications and enabling secure offloading of heavyweight recognizer computation. 1
EFFECTS OF CULTIVAR AND MATURITY OF ENSILED CORN PLANT FED WITH AND WITHOUT CONCENTRATES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GROUP AND INDIVIDUALLY FED HEREFORD AND ANGUS STEERS (1970)

Field, feeding, and digestion experiments were conducted from 1966 to 1968 to determine the overall feeding value of corn (Zea mays L.) silages grown in an area where well-eared corn is not assured because of climatic conditions. The nutritive value of the silages was determined in 112-day feeding experiments with a total of 192 steer calves averaging 191 kg body weight. The variables in the 2 5 factorial experiment were early-maturing Pride 5 cultivar versus late-maturing Warwick 600, harvested on either September 6 or 26, fed with 0 or 1.5 kg concentrate/100 kg body weight daily, to Hereford or Angus steers penned in groups or fed individually. Mean green yields and crude protein and fiber contents were higher, and ear dry-matter (DM) yields, and DM and nitrogen-free extract contents were lower for Warwick 600 than those for corresponding Pride 5 silages. Differences in silage and total ration DM intakes, steer gains, and feed efficiency between cultivars and harvest dates were not statistically significant. Supplementation reduced silage DM intake (P < 0.01), and increased total ration DM intake (P < 0.01), body weight gain (P < 0.01), and feed efficiency (P < 0.01). DM intake was greater (P < 0.01) and gains slightly higher for Angus than for Hereford steers. DM, protein, and fiber digestion coefficients were greater for early-cut and less for late-cut Pride 5 than for corresponding Warwick 600 silages. Silages ranked Warwick 600 late-cut, Pride 5 late-cut, Pride 5 early-cut, and Warwick 600 early-cut, based on the calculated body weight gain per hectare of silage.
Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast (1992)

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 28 patients with known breast tumors was compared with clinical findings and histopathology, and for 12 of the patients also with mammography. The dynamic measurements performed in 18 patients showed that signal intensity in gradient echo (FFE) images increased rapidly in malignant tumors after contrast injection and reached a plateau level at 1-3 min postcontrast. Fibroadenomas showed slower contrast enhancement continuing throughout the whole examination period of 10 min. The most enhancing parts of the tumors were selected for intensity measurements. The differentiation between malignant and benign tumors in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was in accordance with the histopathological findings in all cases. The tumor diameter as measured by MRI showed very good agreement with the size of the tumor specimens. Comparison of tumor size measurements in mammography and MRI showed that MRI had the most accurate correlation to the measured size of the tumor specimens.
Genetic Analysis of the IRS (1996)

Insulin resistance is part of a metabolic syndrome that also includes non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension. It has been hypothesized that insulin resistance represents the primary physiological defect underlying this syndrome. Since insulin resistance is at least partially genetically determined, we hypothesized that genes influencing insulin resistance would have pleiotropic effects on a number of other traits, including triglyceride (TG) and HDL cholesterol levels, body mass index (BMI) and body fat distribution, and blood pressure levels. To investigate this hypothesis, we analyzed data obtained from individuals in 41 families enrolled in the San Antonio Family Heart Study. Statistical methods that take advantage of the relatedness among individuals were used to differentiate between genetic and nongenetic (ie, environmental) contributions to phenotypic variation between traits. Serum levels of fasting and 2-hour insulin (measured in 767 and 743 nondiabetic family members, respectively) were used as a measure of insulin resistance. The genetic correlations were high between insulin levels (both fasting and 2-hour) and each of the following: BMI, HDL level, waist-to-hip ratio, and subscapular-to-triceps ratio, indicating that the same gene, or set of genes, influences each pair of traits. In contrast, the genetic correlations of insulin levels with systolic and diastolic blood pressures were low. We have previously shown that a single diallelic locus accounts for 31% of the phenotypic variation in 2-hour insulin levels in this population. We conducted a bivariate segregation analysis to see if the common genetic effects on insulin and these other traits could be attributable to this single locus. These results indicated a significant effect of the 2-hour insulin locus on fasting insulin levels (P = .02) and BMI (P = .05), with the "high" insulin allele associated with higher levels of fasting insulin but lower levels of BMI. There was no detectable effect of this locus on HDL level, TG level, subscapular-to-triceps ratio, or blood pressure. Overall, these results suggest that a common set of genes influencing insulin levels also influences other insulin resistance syndrome-related traits, although for the most part this pleiotropy is not attributable to the 2-hour insulin level major locus.
IL-37 a New IL-1 Family Member Emerges as a Key Suppressor of Asthma Mediated by Mast Cells (2016)

GBP (Guanylate Binding Proteins); HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box protein 1); NLRP (Nucleotide-like Receptor Pyrin domain 1); ASC (Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing CARD, Caspase Recruitment Domain); FGF2 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 2).
Compact Electroabsorption Modulators for Photonic Integrated Circuits, Using an Isolated Pedestal Contact Scheme (2011)

We demonstrate a shallow ridge waveguide, lumped element electroabsorption modulator (EAM) based on AlInGaAs multiple quantum wells, operating with input powers up to 8 dBm. The device was isolated between two DC controlled sections, using angled etched slots in the waveguide, minimizing optical feedback, while also providing 40-KΩ resistance between devices. The EAM uses a planar isolated pedestal contact with a benzocyclobutene bridge, allowing for a small contact footprint of just 0.024 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , while being suitable for flip-chip packaging. The parasitic capacitance was measured to be 19.6 fF, and the EAM has a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3dB</sub> bandwidth of 42 GHz.
The Time-Rescaling Theorem and Its Application to Neural Spike Train Data Analysis (2002)

Measuring agreement between a statistical model and a spike train data series, that is, evaluating goodness of fit, is crucial for establishing the model's validity prior to using it to make inferences about a particular neural system. Assessing goodness-of-fit is a challenging problem for point process neural spike train models, especially for histogram-based models such as perstimulus time histograms (PSTH) and rate functions estimated by spike train smoothing. The time-rescaling theorem is a well-known result in probability theory, which states that any point process with an integrable conditional intensity function may be transformed into a Poisson process with unit rate. We describe how the theorem may be used to develop goodness-of-fit tests for both parametric and histogram-based point process models of neural spike trains. We apply these tests in two examples: a comparison of PSTH, inhomogeneous Poisson, and inhomogeneous Markov interval models of neural spike trains from the supplementary eye field of a macque monkey and a comparison of temporal and spatial smoothers, inhomogeneous Poisson, inhomogeneous gamma, and inhomogeneous inverse gaussian models of rat hippocampal place cell spiking activity. To help make the logic behind the time-rescaling theorem more accessible to researchers in neuroscience, we present a proof using only elementary probability theory arguments. We also show how the theorem may be used to simulate a general point process model of a spike train. Our paradigm makes it possible to compare parametric and histogram-based neural spike train models directly. These results suggest that the time-rescaling theorem can be a valuable tool for neural spike train data analysis.
Case 50-1966 (1966)

Presentation of CaseA seventeen-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of hemiparesis.She had been well until twelve days previously, in the thirtieth week of an uneventful first pregnancy, when severe weakness developed, followed by unresponsiveness. She was taken to another hospital, where examination disclosed hyperactive and symmetrical tendon reflexes and bilateral ankle clonus. The hemoglobin was 4.4 gm. per 100 ml.; marked anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, polychromatophilia and macrocytosis were found on the blood smear. Urinalysis disclosed numerous white cells. A lumbar puncture was reported to be negative. Four units of whole blood were transfused, with a return of . . .
NONLINEAR EFFECTS IN IMAGE FORMATION (1967)

The use of nonlinear effects in image processing is discussed, particularly in connection with holography. A new type of microscope, called a holoscope, is described which permits true three-dimensional magnification.
The suppression of eicosanoid synthesis by peritoneal macrophages is influenced by the ratio of dietary docosahexaenoic acid to linoleic acid (1989)

The efficacy of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in suppressing eicosanoid synthesis by peritoneal macrophages in vivo was influenced by the relative amount of dietary DHA when linoleic acid (LA) was held constant. Increasing DHA from 0 to 37% of the fatty acids in diets containing 10 weight % fat (of which LA was 40%) caused an eleven-fold increase in the DHA content of macrophages. Limited retroconversion of DHA to eicosapentaenoic acid was observed. Macrophages in animals consuming DHA synthesized significantly lower amounts of leukotriene E4, prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha in vivo upon stimulation with zymosan. The maximum inhibition of eicosanoid synthesis was observed when the dietary DHA/LA ratio was 0.16 and no further inhibition occurred when the ratio was increased up to 0.81.
Low CD8 T-Cell Proliferative Potential and High Viral Load Limit the Effectiveness of Therapeutic Vaccination (2005)

Therapeutic vaccination has the potential to boost immune responses and enhance viral control during chronic infections. However, many therapeutic vaccination approaches have fallen short of expectations, and effective boosting of antiviral T-cell responses is not always observed. To examine these issues, we studied the impact of therapeutic vaccination, using a murine model of chronic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Our results demonstrate that therapeutic vaccination using a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the LCMV GP33 CD8 T-cell epitope can be effective at accelerating viral control. However, mice with lower viral loads at the time of vaccination responded better to therapeutic vaccination than did those with high viral loads. Also, the proliferative potential of GP33-specific CD8 T cells from chronically infected mice was substantially lower than that of GP33-specific memory CD8 T cells from mice with immunity to LCMV, suggesting that poor T-cell expansion may be an important reason for suboptimal responses to therapeutic vaccination. Thus, our results highlight the potential positive effects of therapeutic vaccination on viral control during chronic infection but also provide evidence that a high viral load at the time of vaccination and the low proliferative potential of responding T cells are likely to limit the effectiveness of therapeutic vaccination.
Healing data races on-the-fly (2007)

Testing of concurrent software is extremely difficult. Despite all the progress in the testing and verification technology, concurrent bugs, the most common of which are deadlocks and races, make it to the field. This paper describes a set of techniques, implemented in a tool called ConTest, allowing concurrent programs to self-heal at run-time. Concurrent bugs have the very desirable property for healing that some of the interleaving produce correct results while in others bugs manifest. Healing concurrency problems is about limiting, or changing the probability of interleaving, such that bugs will be seen less. When healing concurrent programs, if a deadlock does not result from limiting the interleaving, we are sure that the result of the healed program could have been in the original program and therefore no new functional bug has been introduced. In this initial work which deals with different types of data races, we suggest three types of healing mechanisms: (1) changing the probability of interleaving by introducing sleep or yield statements or by changing thread priorities, (2) removing interleaving using synchronisation commands like locking and unlocking certain mutexes or waits and notifies, and (3) removing the result of "bad interleaving" by replacing the value of variables by the one that "should" have been taken. We also classify races according to the relevant healing strategies to apply.
An optical heterodyne ultrasonic image converter (1968)

The theory and preliminary experimental results for a new type of ultrasonic image converter system are presented. The method uses a scanning laser transmitter and receiver, operating as an optical heterodyne system, to sense the vibration amplitude distribution on a reflective resonant diaphragm placed in the liquid acoustic medium. The output of the optical heterodyne receiver is displayed as an optical image on a cathode ray tube. If an acoustic image is formed on the diaphragm, either by means of acoustic lenses or by shadow imaging, the corresponding pattern will be present in the visible display. Sensitivity to low sound levels is comparable to the best alternate methods for much of the frequency spectrum of interest in this work. Acoustic holograms also can be recorded by this technique, which should be practical with very large acoustic apertures.
Targeting macrophage checkpoint inhibitor SIRPα for anticancer therapy (2020)

The CD47/signal regulatory protein α (Cd47/SIRPα)interaction provides a macrophage immune checkpoint pathway that plays a critical role in cancer immune evasion across multiple cancers. Here, we report the engineering of a humanized anti-SIRPα monoclonal antibody (1H9) for antibody target cancer therapy. 1H9 has broad activity across a wide range of SIRPα variants. Binding of 1H9 to SIRPα blocks its interaction with CD47, thereby promoting macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of cancer cells. Preclinical studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that 1H9 synergizes with other therapeutic antibodies to promote phagocytosis of tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth in both syngeneic and xenograft tumor models, leading to survival benefit. Thus, 1H9 can potentially act as a universal agent to enhance therapeutic efficacy when used in combination with most tumor-targeting antibodies. We report a comparison of anti-SIRPα and anti-CD47 antibodies in CD47/SIRPα double-humanized mice and found that 1H9 exhibits a substantially reduced antigen sink effect due to the limited tissue distribution of SIRPα expression. Toxicokinetic studies in nonhuman primates show that 1H9 is well tolerated, with no treatment-related adverse effects noted. These data highlight the clinical potential of 1H9 as a pan-therapeutic with the desired properties when used in combination with tumor-targeting antibodies.
Lack of Protection Against Ebola Virus from Chloroquine in Mice and Hamsters (2015)

The antimalarial drug chloroquine has been suggested as a treatment for Ebola virus infection. Chloroquine inhibited virus replication in vitro, but only at cytotoxic concentrations. In mouse and hamster models, treatment did not improve survival. Chloroquine is not a promising treatment for Ebola. Efforts should be directed toward other drug classes.