gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
G31P, an Antagonist against CXC Chemokine Receptors 1 and 2, Inhibits Growth of Human Prostate Cancer Cells in Nude Mice (2012)

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in Western countries. Chemokine C-X-C motif receptor 1 (CXCR1) and CXCR2 play a key role in generation and regulation of CXC chemokine signaling. CXCR1 is a receptor for interleukin 8 (IL8), a pro-inflammatory chemokine, and CXCR1/2 are crucially involved in the prostate cancer development and progression. Thus, we generated a high-affinity human CXCR1/CXCR2 inhibitor, CXCL8 (3-72) K11R/G31P, named G31P, which is a synthetic derivative of the human cytokine, IL-8. In this study, we investigated the effects of G31P on regulation of prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in nude mouse xenografts. Cell viability, adhesion, and wound healing assays were used to assess the effects of G31P on growth, adhesion, and migration of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells in vitro, respectively. Nude mouse xenografts and xenograft implantation assays were performed to determine the effect of G31P on PC-3 cells in vivo. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect gene expression, and fluorescence imaging was used to detect tumor volume and microvessel density in tumor xenografts. The data showed that G31P treatment significantly reduced PC-3 cell viability, adhesion and migration capacity in a dose-dependent manner (up to 100 ng/ml). Additionally, G31P treatment of nude mice suppressed the growth of orthotopically transplanted tumor xenografts. G31P also inhibited tumor tissue vascularization, which was associated with the decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB in orthotopic xenograft tissues. This study provides evidence that G31P, a CXCR1/2 inhibitor, may effectively control prostate cancer.
Dependence of nanomechanical modification of polymers on plasma-induced cross-linking (2007)

The nanomechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) modified by inductively coupled, radio-frequency Ar plasma were investigated by surface force microscopy. The polymer surface was modified under plasma conditions of different ion energy fluences and radiation intensities obtained by varying the sample distance from the plasma power source. Nanoindentation results of the surface stiffness versus maximum penetration depth did not reveal discernible differences between untreated and plasma-treated LDPE, presumably due to the small thickness of the modified surface layer that resulted in a substrate effect. On the contrary, nanoscratching experiments demonstrated a significant increase in the surface shear resistance of plasma-modified LDPE due to chain cross-linking. These experiments revealed an enhancement of cross-linking with increasing ion energy fluence and radiation intensity, and a tip size effect on the friction force and dominant friction mechanisms (adhesion, plowing, and microcutting). In addition, LDPE samples with a LiF crystal shield were exposed to identical plasma conditions to determine the role of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the cross-linking process. The cross-linked layer of plasma-treated LDPE exhibited much higher shear strength than that of VUV/UV-treated LDPE. Plasma-induced surface modification of the nanomechanical properties of LDPE is interpreted in the context of molecular models of the untreated and cross-linked polymer surfaces derived from experimental findings.
Low Latency Displays for Augmented Reality (2019)

The primary goal for Augmented Reality (AR) is bringing the real and virtual together into a common space. Maintaining this illusion, however, requires preserving spatially and temporally consistent registration despite changes in user or object pose. The greatest source of registration error is latency—the delay between when something moves and the display changes in response—which breaks temporal consistency. Furthermore, the real world varies greatly in brightness; ranging from bright sunlight to deep shadows. Thus, a compelling AR system must also support High-Dynamic Range (HDR) to maintain its virtual objects’ appearance both spatially and temporally consistent with the real world. This dissertation presents new methods, implementations, results (both visual and performance), and future steps for low latency displays, primarily in the context of Optical See-through Augmented Reality (OST-AR) Head-Mounted Displays, focusing on temporal consistency in registration, HDR color support, and spatial and temporal consistency in brightness: 1. For registration temporal consistency, the primary insight is breaking the conventional display paradigm: computers render imagery, frame by frame, and then transmit it to the display for emission. Instead, the display must also contribute towards rendering by performing a post-rendering, post-transmission warp of the computer-supplied imagery in the display hardware. By compensating in the display for system latency by using the latest tracking information, much of the latency can be short-circuited. Furthermore, the low latency display must support ultra-high frequency (multiple kHz) refreshing to minimize pose displacement between updates. 2. For HDR color support, the primary insight is developing new display modulation techniques. DMDs, a type of ultra-high frequency display, emit binary output, which require modulation to produce multiple brightness levels. Conventional modulation breaks low latency guarantees, and modulation of bright LEDs illuminators at frequencies to support kHz-order HDR exceeds their capabilities. Thus one must directly synthesize the necessary variation in brightness. 3. For spatial and temporal brightness consistency, the primary insight is integrating HDR light sensors into the display hardware: the same processes which both compensate for latency and generate HDR output can also modify it in response to the spatially sensed brightness of the real world.
Glutamine Content of Whole Proteins: Implications for Enteral Formulas (1992)

In two recent clinical trials in surgical patients, supplementation of total parenteral nutrition with daily doses of 12 or 20 g of glutamine resulted in a diminished loss of free glutamine in skeletal muscle tissue. Studies in animals exploring the use of both enteral and parenteral glutamine supplementation suggest that glutamine may be an essential nutrient in the maintenance of gut structure and function during critical illness. These findings have led to heightened interest in the glutamine content of enteral formulas. This article describes a method for estimating the glutamine content of whole-protein enteral formulas. The average amount of glutamine in selected, whole-protein formulas ranges from a minimum of 3.55 g/4200 kJ to a maximum of 5.15 g/4200 kJ. Although it is still too early to define the safest and most effective dose of glutamine, there are two points regarding glutamine supplementation that clearly merit further investigation: no clinical trials have been conducted to assess the potential benefits of glutamine supplementation of an enteral diet or to assess the effects of using diets containing protein-bound glutamine rather than free glutamine.
Detection of the tetM Determinant in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1993)

Background and objectives: Plasmid-mediated high level resistance to tetracycline inNeisseria gonorrhoeaehas become a therapeutic problem in many parts of the world. Simple, fast and accurate screening tests are required to enable rapid detection. Goal of the study: To evaluate screening tests for high-level tetracycline resistance for their ability to predict the presence of thetetMdeterminant inNeisseria gonorrhoeae. Study design: Strains considered to exhibit plasmid-mediated (90) and chromosomal resistance (19) to tetracycline were used to compare, the screening tests, growth on tetracycline agar, disc testing, MIC and plasmid content, with confirmation by hybridization to thetetMprobe. A polymerase chain reaction to amplifytetMinN. gonorrhoeaewas also evaluated. Results: All strains defined as presumptive TRNG by the screening tests hybridized with thetetMprobe. None of the low-level resistant strains were positive in the screening tests or hybridized with the probe. In addition, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on whole bacterial cells detectedtetMin all TRNG tested. Restriction enzyme digests of the PCR product gave three patterns suggesting genetic diversity within thetetMdeterminant ofN. gonorrhoeae. Conclusion: Simple screening tests were found to be reliable predictors of TRNG.tetMwas detected by PCR in all strains tested and exhibited some genetic variation that may be of use for epidemiological typing.
Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Structures of a Middle Bloyd Fluvial Sandstone, Washington and Madison Counties, Arkansas (1972)

A prominent quartz-pebble-bearing sandstone unit crops out at stream level along the East Fork of the White River in Madison County. Detailed geologic mapping indicates that the unit is stratigraphically positioned between the Brentwood and Dye Shale Members of the Bloyd Formation and is not the Greenland Member of the Winslow Fromation as previously supposed. Sedimentary textures and structures of the unit indicate that it was deposited by competent, unidirectional currents flowing in a southerly direction. These currents were related to a broad braided stream system.
Retroviral expression of recombinant p47phox protein by Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes from a patient with autosomal chronic granulomatous disease (1992)

Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) have recurrent infections resulting from a failure of phagocytic cells to produce superoxide. One third of CGD patients have an autosomal gene defect resulting in absence of p47phox protein, a cytoplasmic component critical to superoxide production by phagocytic cells. cDNA encoding p47phox has been cloned and recombinant p47phox (rp47phox) restores superoxide-generating activity to a cell-free assay containing cell membranes and cytosol from p47phox-deficient CGD neutrophils. The goal of the present study was to determine the feasibility of retrovirus mediated expression of rp47phox in the HL60 and U937 human hematopoietic cell lines, and in an Epstein-Barr virus transformed B- lymphocyte cell line (EBV-BCL) derived from a p47phox-deficient CGD patient. Normal EBV-BCL contain p47phox and generate small amounts of superoxide, while this CGD EBV-BCL lacks any detectable p47phox protein. Defective amphotropic retrovirus containing p47phox sequence inserted in the LXSN vector in sense and antisense orientations were used to transduce HL60, U937, and CGD EBV-BCL. p47phox mRNA sequence was detected in cells transduced with either sense or antisense retroviral constructs while rp47phox protein was detected only with the sense construct. The amount of rp47phox protein produced within these cells was greater than the native p47phox present in uninduced HL60 or U937 cells, but substantially less than that present in normal neutrophils, induced HL60 cells, or even normal EBV-BCL. Differentiation of transduced HL60 cells and the associated production of native p47phox in response to dimethyl sulfoxide was not affected. These studies demonstrate that retrovirus constructs can be used to mediate stable expression of rp47phox protein in human hematopoietic cell lines and can restore rp47phox protein within the cytosol of p47phox-deficient EBV-BCL from patients with CGD.
Transgenic Cotton Plants Expressing Double-stranded RNAs Target <i>HMG-CoA Reductase</i> (<i>HMGR</i>) Gene Inhibits the Growth, Development and Survival of Cotton Bollworms (2015)

RNA interference (RNAi) has been developed as a powerful technique in the research of functional genomics as well as plant pest control. In this report, double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) targeting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) gene, which catalyze a rate-limiting enzymatic reaction in the mevalonate pathway of juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis in cotton bollworm, was expressed in cotton plants via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. PCR and Sothern analysis revealed the integration of HMGR gene into cotton genome. RT-PCR and qRT-PCR confirmed the high transcription level of dsHMGR in transgenic cotton lines. The HMGR expression both in transcription and translation level was significantly downregulated in cotton bollworms (helicoverpa armigera) larvae after feeding on the leaves of HMGR transgenic plants. The transcription level of HMGR gene in larvae reared on transgenic cotton leaves was as much as 80.68% lower than that of wild type. In addition, the relative expression level of vitellogenin (Vg, crucial source of nourishment for offspring embryo development) gene was also reduced by 76.86% when the insect larvae were fed with transgenic leaves. The result of insect bioassays showed that the transgenic plant harboring dsHMGR not only inhibited net weight gain but also delayed the growth of cotton bollworm larvae. Taken together, transgenic cotton plant expressing dsRNAs successfully downregulated HMGR gene and impaired the development and survival of target insect, which provided more option for plant pest control.
Alveolar type II cell-fibroblast interactions, synthesis and secretion of surfactant and type I collagen (1993)

During alveolar development and alveolar repair close contacts are established between fibroblasts and lung epithelial cells through gaps in the basement membrane. Using co-culture systems we have investigated whether these close contacts influence synthesis and secretion of the principal surfactant apoprotein (SP-A) by cultured rat lung alveolar type II cells and the synthesis and secretion of type I collagen by fibroblasts. The alveolar type II cells remained cuboidal and grew in colonies on fibroblast feeder layers and on Matrigel-coated cell culture inserts but were progressively more flattened on fixed fibroblast monolayers and plastic. Alveolar type II cells cultured on plastic released almost all their SP-A into the medium by 4 days. Alveolar type II cells cultured on viable fibroblasts or Matrigel-coated inserts above fibroblasts accumulated SP-A in the medium at a constant rate for the first 4 days, and probably recycle SP-A by endocytosis. The amount of mRNA for SP-A was very low after 4 days of culture of alveolar type II cells on plastic, Matrigel-coated inserts or fixed fibroblast monolayers: relatively, the amount of mRNA for SP-A was increased 4-fold after culture of alveolar type II cells on viable fibroblasts. Co-culture of alveolar type II cells with confluent human dermal fibroblasts stimulated by 2- to 3-fold the secretion of collagen type I into the culture medium, even after the fibroblasts' growth had been arrested with mitomycin C. Collagen secretion, by fibroblasts, also was stimulated 2-fold by conditioned medium from alveolar type II cells cultured on Matrigel. The amount of mRNA for type I collagen increased only modestly when fibroblasts were cultured in this conditioned medium. This stimulation of type I collagen secretion diminished as the conditioned medium was diluted out, but at high dilutions further stimulation occurred, indicating that a factor that inhibited collagen secretion also was being diluted out. The conditioned medium contained low levels of IGF-1 and the stimulation of type I collagen secretion was abolished when the conditioned medium was pre-incubated with antibodies to insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). There are important reciprocal interactions between alveolar type II cells and fibroblasts in co-culture. Direct contacts between alveolar type II cells and fibroblasts appear to have a trophic effect on cultured alveolar type II cells, increasing the levels of mRNA for SP-A. Rat lung alveolar type II cells appear to release a factor (possibly IGF-1) that stimulates type I collagen secretion by fibroblasts.
Thermal Transport Mechanisms at Nanoscale Point Contacts (2001)

We have experimentally investigated the heat transfer mechanisms at a 90±10 nm diameter point contact between a sample and a probe tip of a scanning thermal microscope (SThM). For large heated regions on the sample, air conduction is the dominant tip-sample heat transfer mechanism. For micro/nano devices with a submicron localized heated region, the air conduction contribution decreases, whereas conduction through the solid-solid contact and a liquid meniscus bridging the tip-sample junction become important, resulting in the sub-100 nm spatial resolution found in the SThM images. Using a one dimensional heat transfer model, we extracted from experimental data a liquid film thermal conductance of 6.7±1.5 nW/K. Solid-solid conduction increased linearly as contact force increased, with a contact conductance of 0.76±0.38W/m2-K-Pa, and saturated for contact forces larger than 38±11 nN. This is most likely due to the elastic-plastic contact between the sample and an asperity at the tip end.
Genetically Engineered Elastin-Protein A Fusion as a Universal Platform for Homogeneous, Phase-separation Immunoassay (2005)

A simple and universal platform for competitive phase-separation immunoassay is reported based on a fusion protein composed of a temperature-responsive elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) and the antibody-binding staphylococcal protein A (SpA). The basic principle is to take advantage of the ability of SpA to bind a variety of antibodies with high affinity, allowing simple separation of antigen-antibody complex by thermal precipitation. The resulting ELP-SpA fusion was shown to preserve the ability to reversibly precipitate as well as its high affinity toward different IgGs and IgMs. As a model system, a competitive phase-separation immunoassay based on the ELP-SpA format was established for paclitaxel (taxol) with IC(50) (20.18 nM) and the lower detection limit (2.94 nM) very similar to those reported for the ELISA format. Unlike the heterogeneous interaction in ELISA, which decreases the antibody-binding activity, the reported homogeneous immunoassay not only alleviates this problem but also enables the potential for high-throughput automation. We believe that the reported ELP-SpA fusion will find applications not only as a powerful diagnostic tool for diverse analytes but also a potential useful tool for purification and immobilization of antibody.
The current and future trends of composite materials: an experimental study (2011)

The usages of the composite materials range from simple household to light-to-heavy industrial purposes including oilfield applications. The objective of this study is to evaluate current and potential uses of composite materials for the petroleum industry. This article gathered all the available composite materials that are normally used specially in oilfield and surface pipeline applications. Out of those, four fiberglass-reinforced plastic materials (i.e., AR-glass, boron-free E-glass, C-glass, and E-glass) were selected to conduct an experiment in acidic and alkaline environments. The results show that AR-glass is corrosion resistant at high temperature and high acidic and alkaline environments. The weight loss due to corrosion is less than the other three materials. Boron-free E-glass is also better than C-glass and E-glass, especially in acidic environment. Another aspect of this research is to find out a research gateway toward the development of sustainable composites. When toxic components are used during the development of new materials, nowadays, this becomes an issue for environmental groups. Therefore, this study suggests the researchers to look for an environment-friendly, sustainable composite material that can be widely used in the petroleum industry. Finally, the trend of future research has been outlined and an indication of sustainable composite material choice has been proposed for oilfield applications.
Stereopsis and Strabismus (1988)

Stereopsis testing in the patient with strabismus or suspected of having strabismus is designed to evaluate input from the two eyes contemporaneously and depends upon effective central processing to produce a subjective awareness of depth. Three principle areas of clinical strabismus management are aided by testing for stereopsis; these are: 1) screening for strabismus, 2) prediction of strabismus treatment outcome, and 3) assessment of strabismus treatment results.
Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Are They Really Ice-Repellent? (2010)

This work investigates the anti-ice performance of various superhydrophobic surfaces under different conditions. The adhesion strength of glaze ice (similar to that deposited during "freezing rain") is used as a measure of ice-releasing properties. The results show that the ice-repellent properties of the materials deteriorate during icing/deicing cycles, as surface asperities appear to be gradually damaged. It is also shown that the anti-icing efficiency of superhydrophobic surfaces is significantly lower in a humid atmosphere, as water condensation both on top of and between surface asperities takes place, leading to significantly larger values of ice adhesion strength. This work thus shows that superhydrophobic surfaces are not always ice-repellent and their use as anti-ice materials may therefore be limited.
The transport layer standardization (1983)

The Transport Layer is of great importance in the OSI model and is being considered by several standards organizations. The objectives of the Transport Layer will be outlined, together with the relationship between functions and protocols, leading to the concepts of protocol classes. The common functionality and the individual functionality of the various classes will be briefly described, together with the encoding principle.
Controlling chaotic frictional forces (1998)

Methods to control friction in systems under shear are proposed, which enable eliminate chaotic stick-slip motion, and modify frictional forces. The possibilities to control friction are demonstrated using a model system that displays the main experimentally observed behaviors, obtained in measurements on nanoscale confined liquids and granular layers. The methods should be applicable to real systems for which time series of dynamical variables are experimentally available. The only necessary condition is the existence of (possibly unstable) sliding regimes of motion in the experimental systems.
Increased Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by <i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> subsp. <i>bulgaricus</i> upon Aeration: Involvement of an NADH Oxidase in Oxidative Stress (2000)

The growth of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) on lactose was altered upon aerating the cultures by agitation. Aeration caused the bacteria to enter early into stationary phase, thus reducing markedly the biomass production but without modifying the maximum growth rate. The early entry into stationary phase of aerated cultures was probably related to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the medium. Indeed, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in aerated cultures was two to three times higher than in unaerated ones. Also, a similar shift from exponential to stationary phase could be induced in unaerated cultures by adding increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. A significant fraction of the hydrogen peroxide produced by L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus originated from the reduction of molecular oxygen by NADH catalyzed by an NADH:H(2)O(2) oxidase. The specific activity of this NADH oxidase was the same in aerated and unaerated cultures, suggesting that the amount of this enzyme was not directly regulated by oxygen. Aeration did not change the homolactic character of lactose fermentation by L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and most of the NADH was reoxidized by lactate dehydrogenase with pyruvate. This indicated that NADH oxidase had no (or a very small) energetic role and could be involved in eliminating oxygen.