gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal management of sarcopenia (2010)

Sarcopenia is the progressive generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function which occurs as a consequence of aging. With a growing older population, there has been great interest in developing approaches to counteract the effects of sarcopenia, and thereby reduce the age-related decline and disability. This paper reviews (1) the mechanisms of sarcopenia, (2) the diagnosis of sarcopenia, and (3) the potential interventions for sarcopenia. Multiple factors appear to be involved in the development of sarcopenia including the loss of muscle mass and muscle fibers, increased inflammation, altered hormonal levels, poor nutritional status, and altered renin-angiotensin system. The lack of diagnostic criteria to identify patients with sarcopenia hinders potential management options. To date, pharmacological interventions have shown limited efficacy in counteracting the effects of sarcopenia. Recent evidence has shown benefits with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; however, further randomized controlled trials are required. Resistance training remains the most effective intervention for sarcopenia; however, older people maybe unable or unwilling to embark on strenuous exercise training programs.
Universal masking on logic gate level (2004)

A concept of random masking of arbitrary logic circuits on the logic gate level is developed and several techniques are proposed. The results are important for protecting hardware implementations of crytographic algorithms against side-channel attacks.
Improved Diffuse Boundary Condition for the DSBGK Method to Eliminate the Unphysical Density Drift (2014)

An improved diffuse boundary condition, where the number flux of the incoming real molecules on the wall surface is calculated using the molecular variables rather than the cell's macroscopic variables, is proposed to eliminate the unphysical density drift, which was observed in the previous DSBGK simulation of the lid-driven problem but disappears in the channel flow problem because of the density constraint imposed at the open boundaries. Consequently, the efficient time-average process is valid for sampling all quantities of interest in closed as well as open problems. When the driven velocity of the lid-driven problem is only one micrometer per second that is realistic in the micro-electro-mechanical systems or pore-scale flows of the shale gas, we suggest to use the original boundary condition because the density drift during a very long time interval becomes unperceivable when the perturbation is tiny. Thus, the original diffuse boundary condition, which contains much less stochastic noise than the improved one, is still an advisable choice in closed problems with tiny perturbation and in open problems unless the density drift occurs and fails the goal of the simulations making the use of the improved boundary condition necessary.
High pressure paint gun injuries. (1977)

Despite their use for the past 20 years the dangers of injuries from high pressure paint guns are not widely known. Two cases treated incorrectly through ignorance in our casualty department resulted in amputation of digits. Paint solvents are far moe damaging than paint of grease injection. All cases should be treated urgently by an experienced surgeon as fairly extensive surgery may be needed.
Growth and strain compensation effects in the ternary Si1−<i>x</i>−<i>y</i>Ge<i>x</i>C<i>y</i> alloy system (1992)

Strain compensation is an important aspect of heterostructure engineering. In this letter, we discuss the synthesis of pseudomorphic Si1−yCy and Si1−x−yGexCy alloy layers on a silicon (100) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy using solid sources and the controlled strain compensation that results from the introduction of the ternary system. The introduction of C into substitutional sites in the crystal lattice is kinetically stabilized by low-temperature growth conditions (400–550 °C) against thermodynamically favored silicon-carbide phases. The lattice constant in Ge is about 4% larger than in Si, whereas in diamond it is 52% smaller. Consequently, the compressive strain caused by 10.8% Ge in a pseudomorphic Si1−xGex alloy can be compensated by adding about 1% carbon into substitutional lattice sites of the film assuming Vegard’s law of linear change of the lattice constant in the alloy as a function of the composition. Using x-ray diffraction, we observe a partial strain compensation in Si0.75−yGe0.25Cy alloys on Si depending on the amount of carbon in the layer, with no observable misfit dislocation generation. The Raman spectra from Si1−yCy and Si1−x−yGexCy alloys show a substitutional carbon vibration mode at about 600 wavenumbers. No indication of silicon-carbide precipitation is observed in transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
Cooperative relay communications in mesh networks (2009)

In previous literature on cooperative relay communications, the emphasis has been on the study of multi-hop networks. In this paper we address mesh wireless networks that use decode-and-forward relays for which we derive the optimal node decision rules in case of binary transmission. We also obtain the expression for the overall bit error probability. We compare the mesh networks with multi-hop networks and show the improvement in performance that can be achieved with them when both networks have the same number of nodes and equal number of hops.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activities of Some N‐(Pyridyl(phenyl) carbonylamino)‐tert‐butyl/phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridines. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Efficient and Flexible Modeling for Power/Ground Planes (2006)

This paper proposed an efficient model of power/ground planes, based on the concept of model network and a novel model consisting of the virtual ports and triangular meshes with the distributed lumped circuit elements. It has the advantages of constructing the SPICE-compatible models to facilitate the multi-layer design analysis for power-ground planes
Blocking: exploiting spatial locality for trace compaction (1990)

Trace-driven simulation is a popular method of estimating the performance of cache memories, translation lookaside buffers, and paging schemes. Because the cost of trace-driven simulation is directly proportional to trace length, reducing the number of references in the trace significantly impacts simulation time. This paper concentrates on trace driven simulation for cache miss rate analysis. Previous schemes, such as cache filtering, exploited temporal locality for compressing traces and could yield an order of magnitude reduction in trace length. A technique called blocking and a variant called blocking with temporal data are presented that compress traces by exploiting spatial locality. Experimental results show that blocking filtering combined with cache filtering can reduce trace length by nearly two orders of magnitude while introducing about 10% error in cache miss rate estimates.
Stimuli-responsive/rheoreversible hydraulic fracturing fluids as a greener alternative to support geothermal and fossil energy production (2015)

A reversible CO<sub>2</sub>-triggered volume expansion significantly lowers the fracture initiation pressure in highly impermeable igneous rock as compared to conventional fracturing fluids.
A physicochemical study of the morphology of progesterone‐loaded microspheres fabricated from poly(<scp>D</scp>,<scp>L</scp>‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (1991)

Progesterone-loaded microspheres are fabricated by a solvent evaporation process from a poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (85/15 PLG) and from alpha-progesterone. Methylene chloride is used as solvent and polyvinyl alcohol and methylcellulose are used as surfactants. The microspheres are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and x-ray powder diagrams. Our study shows that the morphology and the thermal behavior of PLG microspheres can vary significantly with progesterone loading and sample thermal history. Below and at 16.5% loading the microspheres exhibit a smooth outer surface. Above 23% loading, the surface becomes rough, embedded by copolymer particles or well-defined crystals. Pores and cracks can also be observed. Below 35% the progesterone is molecularly dispersed. At 35% and above crystal domains of the steroid appear and two crystalline forms are found: alpha- and beta-progesterone. The physical state of progesterone and the nature of its crystal domains dispersed in the PLG matrix can change during storage. Also a progressive development of an endothermic peak at the Tg event of the copolymer is observed during storage. No well defined relationship of peak size to progesterone loading can be shown.
Syntaxin 4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: regulation by insulin and participation in insulin-dependent glucose transport. (1996)

Syntaxins are thought to be membrane receptors that bind proteins of the synaptobrevin/vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) family found on transport vesicles. Recently, we detected synaptobrevin II and cellubrevin on immunopurified vesicles containing the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in insulin-responsive cells. In an effort to identify the plasma membrane receptors for these vesicles, we now examine the expression of syntaxins in the 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line. Neither syntaxin 1A nor 1B was found, in keeping with the neuronal restriction of these isoforms. In contrast, syntaxins 2 and 4 were readily detectable. By subcellular fractionation and estimation of protein yields, 67% of syntaxin 4 was localized to the plasma membrane, 24% to the low-density microsomes, and 9% to the high-density microsomes. Interestingly, acute insulin treatment decreased the content of syntaxin 4 in low-density microsomes and caused a corresponding gain in the plasma membrane fraction, reminiscent of the recruitment of GLUT4 glucose transporters. In contrast, there was no change in the distribution of syntaxin 2, which was mostly associated in the plasma membrane. A fraction of the intracellular syntaxin 4 was recovered with immunopurified GLUT4-containing vesicles. Moreover, anti-syntaxin 4 antibodies introduced in permeabilized 3T3-L1 adipocytes significantly reduced the insulin-dependent stimulation of glucose transport, in contrast to the introduction of irrelevant immunoglobulin G, which was without consequence. We propose that either the plasma membrane and/or the vesicular syntaxin 4 are involved in docking and/or fusion of GLUT4 vesicles at the cell surface of 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Chemotactic responses of human peripheral blood monocytes to the complement-derived peptides C5a and C5a des Arg. (1985)

We examined responses of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and monocytes to the highly purified human complement-derived peptides C5a and C5a des Arg. As reported previously, C5a proved to be approximately 10- to 20-fold more potent than C5a des Arg as a chemoattractant for human PMN. C5a also was more potent than C5a des Arg in causing PMN to acquire a polarized morphology. In contrast, we found that human monocytes do not distinguish between C5a and C5a des Arg when these peptides are used as chemoattractants. In two different assay systems, both peptides acted at identical concentrations to stimulate suboptimal and optimal migration of monocytes. Human monocytes also did not distinguish between C5a and C5a des Arg when these peptides were used as inducers of polarization. Studies performed with functionally active, [125I]-labeled C5a and C5a des Arg, however, demonstrated that binding of C5a des Arg to monocytes differed from binding of C5a. Although [125I]-C5a des Arg appeared to bind to the same receptor as [125I]-C5a, binding of labeled C5a des Arg occurred with an affinity that was approximately 100-fold less than that observed with labeled C5a. These results indicate that leukocyte chemotactic and polarization responses to C5a and C5a des Arg vary, depending on the target cell type.
Transduction of Functionally Contrasting Signals by Two Mycobacterial PPE Proteins Downstream of TLR2 Receptors (2016)

As pathogen-associated molecular pattern sensors, the TLRs can detect diverse ligands to elicit either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses, but the mechanism that dictates such contrasting immune responses is not well understood. In this work, we demonstrate that proline-proline-glutamic acid (PPE)17 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces TLR1/2 heterodimerization to elicit proinflammatory-type response, whereas PPE18-induced homodimerization of TLR2 triggers anti-inflammatory type responses. Ligation of TLR1/2 caused an increased recruitment of IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK)1, MyD88, and protein kinase C (PKC)ε to the downstream TLR-signaling complex that translocated PKCε into the nucleus in an IRAK1-dependent manner. PKCε-mediated phosphorylation allowed the nuclear IRAK3 to be exported to the cytoplasm, leading to increased activation of ERK1/2, stabilization of MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1), and induction of TNF-α with concomitant downregulation of p38MAPK. Silencing of TLR1 inhibited PPE17-triggered cytoplasmic export of IRAK3 as well as TNF-α induction, suggesting an important role of TLR1/2 heterodimer in regulating proinflammatory responses via the IRAK3-signaling pathway. In contrast, PPE18-mediated homodimerization of TLR2 caused poorer cytoplasmic export of nuclear IRAK3 and MKP-1 stabilization, resulting in increased p38MAPK activation. Our study hints to a novel mechanism that implicates PKCε-IRAK3-MKP-1 signaling in the regulation of MAPK activity and inflammatory cascades downstream of TLR2 in tuberculosis.
Inline Measurement of Particle Concentrations in Multicomponent Suspensions using Ultrasonic Sensor and Least Squares Support Vector Machines (2015)

This paper proposes an ultrasonic measurement system based on least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) for inline measurement of particle concentrations in multicomponent suspensions. Firstly, the ultrasonic signals are analyzed and processed, and the optimal feature subset that contributes to the best model performance is selected based on the importance of features. Secondly, the LS-SVM model is tuned, trained and tested with different feature subsets to obtain the optimal model. In addition, a comparison is made between the partial least square (PLS) model and the LS-SVM model. Finally, the optimal LS-SVM model with the optimal feature subset is applied to inline measurement of particle concentrations in the mixing process. The results show that the proposed method is reliable and accurate for inline measuring the particle concentrations in multicomponent suspensions and the measurement accuracy is sufficiently high for industrial application. Furthermore, the proposed method is applicable to the modeling of the nonlinear system dynamically and provides a feasible way to monitor industrial processes.
Active Site Inhibited Factor VIIa (DEGR VIIa) Attenuates the Coagulant and Interleukin-6 and -8, but not Tumor Necrosis Factor, Responses of the Baboon to LD100Escherichia coli (1998)

Antitissue factor antibody attenuated the coagulopathic and lethal responses to LD100 Escherichia coli, whereas active site inhibited factor Xa inhibited only the coagulopathic response. In this study, we wished to determine: (1) whether active site inhibited factor VIIa blocks the coagulopathic and/or attenuates the lethal effects of LD100 E coli and (2) whether these effects are accompanied by attenuation of the inflammatory cytokine response to LD100 E coli. Eight baboons infused for 2 hours with LD100 E coli also were given five bolus infusions of DEGR VIIa of 280 microg/kg at T = -10 minutes, +2, 4, 6, and 8 hours and observed for changes in vital signs, and the concentrations of hemostatic components (fibrinogen, platelets, fibrin degradation products) and inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor [TNF], interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-8) at T = 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours. Eight control baboons were also infused with LD100 E coli alone and followed as described above. Four of the eight baboons treated with DEGR VIIa were permanent 7-day survivors versus none in the control group. The mean survival times for the treated and control groups were 116 +/- 22 and 26 +/- 8 hours, respectively. These values differed significantly from each other, (P = .0008). The decrease in platelet and fibrinogen concentrations and the increase in fibrin degradation products observed in the control group were significantly attenuated in the treated group, as was thrombosis of renal glomerular capillaries. Treatment with DEGR VIIa showed no effect on the peak TNF response to LD100 E coli at T = 2 hours (170 +/- 32 v 120 +/- 35 ng/mL). DEGR VIIa, however, did attenuate the IL-6 and IL-8 responses at T = 8 hours (ie, the IL-6 concentrations were 81 +/- 10 for treated and 1,256 +/- 236 for the control groups and the IL-8 concentrations were 28 +/- 3.9 for the treated and 60 +/- 8.2 for the control group). These values for IL-6 and IL-8 differed significantly from each other between the treated and control groups (P = .0001 and .0074, respectively). It should be noted that the initial responses of IL-6 and IL-8 up to T = 4 hours were not attenuated. We concluded that DEGR VIIa treatment attenuates inflammatory, as well as hemostatic system responses to LD100 E coli. We hypothesize that this occurs through interference with the assembly and/or interactions of tissue factor/VIIa complexes.
Expression, subcellular localization and cytokinic modulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in normal human keratinocytes: TLR2 up-regulation in psoriatic skin. (2008)

The aim of the research described here was to investigate the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in normal human keratinocytes, to study its modulation by proinflammatory cytokines, and to characterize the function of the latter within the epidermis. Our results demonstrate that normal human keratinocytes may present an intra-cytoplasmic expression of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4. Exposure of keratinocytes to IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha increased intra-cytoplasmic expression and led to partial translocation at the cell surface. Keratinocyte activation by TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 ligands led to the nuclear translocation of NF-kappab and the release of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-8. In immunochemistry analysis, psoriatic skin showed a strong over-expression of TLR2 in the epidermis compared with normal skin. Our results thus demonstrate large TLR expression in keratinocytes and the functionality of TLRs 2, 3, and 4. TLR2 over-expression in psoriatic skin provides new insights into TLR implication in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, through inappropriate stimulation by infectious or endogen ligands.
Secretarial Services Improvement (1991)

Discusses the findings of a project undertaken to propose an interim scheme to bridge the gap between largely manual secretarial work and a more technologized approach. Considers work values determined under MTM 1 for current organization, potential savings, the revised organization, distribution of duties, and how the production and administration units should work. Asserts that the introduction of the interim scheme should be carefully planned, and that it is important to keep track of technological change in order to prepare for it.
Risk Factors of Lower Urinary Tract Syndrome among Ketamine Users (2017)

Depression and longer duration of exposure to ketamine are significantly associated with the development of LUTS among ketamine users. Early evaluation and intervention of depression should be considered in patients of ketamine-associated LUTS.
The Origins of Integrative Medicine-Henry J. Schlichting, Jr. and the AMA's War on Natural Healing: Part 1. (2019)

There may be no more exemplary story of the development of natural healing within chiropractor-naturopaths than the story of Henry J. Schlichting, Jr. of Midland, Texas. Schlichting was trained as a chiropractor in Oklahoma, and moved to Texas in 1941, setting himself up as a naturopath. At the time, neither chiropractors nor naturopaths were licensed in Texas. Schlichting became a leader within natural healing professionals, first within Texas, and then nationally. He became a trusted ally of both Robert Carroll and of Dr. Budden at Western States College. He and his Texas naturopaths achieved licensed status in 1949. In the early 1950s all looked bright; and then it all turned dark. This is Part 1.
Impaired movement control in Alzheimer's disease (1999)

Movement accuracy in normal subjects depends on feedforward commands based on representation in memory of spatial and biomechanical features. Here we ask whether memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) interfere with movement planning and execution. Nine AD patients and nine age-matched controls moved a cursor to targets without seeing their limb. Starting and target positions were always visible on a screen, while, during movement, cursor position was either visible or blanked. Patients' paths showed discontinuous segments and prolonged movement time; movement inaccuracy, which increased without visual feedback, correlated significantly with scores of disease severity, working memory and attention.
Passive self-aligned low-cost packaging of semiconductor laser arrays on Si motherboard (1995)

A passive, self-aligned packaging technique for semiconductor laser arrays has been realized. Alignment trenches on the laser chip are used for self-alignment during flip-chip mounting on a silicon motherboard. The use of the etched Si sidewalls for alignment results in a self-positioning effect, reducing the necessary device placing precision, and allowing for large tolerances in the motherboard processing, resulting in low packaging costs. A module with four lasers and integrated monitor diodes has been pigtailed with multimode fibers. Optical mounting excess and differential losses between the channels are <0.5 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interconnect networks for memristor crossbar (2015)

As the down-scaling of CMOS technology reaches inherent physical device limits, major challenges arise such as reliability, power consumption, etc. Novel technologies are under investigation as an alternative for next-generation VLSI circuits. Memristor is one of the promising candidates due to its scalability, non-volatility, practically zero leakage, high integration density, etc. Several applications have been proposed for the memristor crossbar architecture; examples are neuromophic, memories and logic circuits. This paper proposes a generic and flexible interconnect network for memristor-based logic circuits within a crossbar architecture. The scheme is based on the use of reserved memristors (within the crossbar) and the execution of copy operations from and/or to the reserved memristors; it can be applied both at intra-tile as well as inter-tile level, where a tile is a basic block performing a simple logic function. To illustrate the potential of the proposed scheme, two intra-tile and one inter-tile case study are evaluated using SPICE simulation, and their incurred costs are analyzed; the case studies consist of interconnect networks for (a) a specific function within a tile (i.e., the matrix transpose), (b) generic logic functions within a tile, and (c) communication between tiles.