gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 50 kdyne contusion spinal cord injury with or without the drug SS‐31 was not associated with major changes in muscle mass or gene expression 14 d after injury in young male mice (2021)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to rapid muscle atrophy due to paralysis/paresis and subsequent disuse. SS-31 is a mitochondrial-targeting peptide that has shown efficacy in protecting skeletal muscle mass and function in non-SCI models of muscle wasting. We aimed to determine if SS-31 could prevent muscle loss after SCI. Male C57BL/6 mice aged 9 weeks underwent sham surgery or 50 kdyne contusion SCI and were administered daily injections of vehicle or 5 mg/kg SS-31 for 14 d. Both SCI groups had sustained losses in body mass compared to Sham animals and ~10% reductions in gastrocnemius, plantaris and tibialis anterior muscle mass after SCI with no clear effect of SS-31. Measurements of protein synthesis in the soleus and plantaris were similar among all groups. mRNA expression of atrophy-associated proinflammatory cytokines was also similar among all groups. There was elevation in MYH7 mRNA and a statistical reduction in MYH2 mRNA expression in the SCI+SS-31 animals compared to Sham animals. There was an SCI-induced reduction in mRNA expression of the E3 ligase FBXO32 (MAFbx), but no effect of SS-31. In summary, a 50 kdyne contusion SCI was able to reduce body mass but was not associated with substantial muscle atrophy or alterations in gene expression profiles associated with muscle health and function 14 d post-injury. SS-31 was not associated with protection against SCI-related changes in body or muscle mass, protein synthesis or gene expression in hindlimb muscles.
A dead-reckoning algorithm for virtual human figures (2002)

In networked virtual environments, when the participants are represented by virtual human figures, the articulated structure of the human body introduces a new complexity in the usage of the network resources. This might create a significant overhead in communication, especially as the number of participants in the simulation increases. In addition, the animation should be realistic, as it is easy to recognize anomalies in the virtual human animation. This requires real-time algorithms to decrease the network overhead while considering characteristics of body motion. The dead-reckoning technique is a way to decrease the number of messages communicated among the participants, and has been used for simple non-articulated objects in popular systems. The authors introduce a dead-reckoning technique for articulated virtual human figures based on Kalman filtering, discuss main issues and present experimental results.
Strain sensing technology for high temperature applications (1992)

This review discusses the status of strain sensing technology for high temperature applications. Technologies covered are those supported by NASA such as required for applications in hypersonic vehicles and engines, advanced subsonic engines, as well as material and structure development. The applications may be at temperatures of 540 C (1000 F) to temperatures in excess of 1400 C (2500 F). The most promising technologies at present are the resistance strain gage and remote sensing schemes. Resistance strain gages discussed include the BCL gage, the LaRC compensated gage, and the PdCr gage. Remote sensing schemes such as laser based speckle strain measurement, phase-shifling interferometry, and x-ray extensometry are discussed. Present status and limitations of these technologies are presented.
Effect of temperature on the formation and degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (2009)

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds which are catagorised as pollutants with carcinogens, and mutagenic characteristics. Scientifically, incomplete combustion and petroleum compounds emission were proven as a major source of PAHs.
Thermal degradation of PAHs is one of the methods to destroy the pollutants as well as their hazardous by-products. During thermal treatment process, formation and/or degradation of PAHs is related to their chemical structural stability and rate of degradation. Summarized, PAHs with four or more rings are formed at low-temperature thermal treatment, and only the ones with less than 4 rings are degraded. High-temperature thermal treatment generally forms PAHs with 4 rings or less and degrades 5 rings or more. Due to environmental and human health considerations, thermal treatment of PAHs should be designed to completely degrade or destroy the pollutants as well as their hazardous byproducts. High-temperature thermal treatment and liquid extraction are effective in the treatment of
PAHs, but expensive. A cheap alternative treatment method such as optimization of low temperature treatment perhaps combined with catalysis needs to be developed in order to reduce PAHs formation and increase their degradation simultaneously.
Directed Lithiation of 1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)indolines. A Convenient Route to 7-Substituted Indolines (1992)

I-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)indolines were regioselectively lithiated at 7-position with s-BuLi-TMEDA in ether or THF at -78 "C.The lithiated species were reacted with a range of elecmphiles to give 7-substituted indoline derivatives.Regioselective functionalization of the indole nucleus is important for the synthesis of biologically active indole natural products.'The selective functionalization at 3-and 2-positions is easily accomplished via electrophilic substitution2 and lithiation3 strategies, respectively.However, due to profound reactivity of the pynole moiety, the direct functionalization of the benzenoid ring is difficult.Therefore, in order to functionalize benzenoid ring, the indole-indoline synthetic interconversion4 is often employed.In this approach, indoles are tentatively reduced to indolines (2,3-dihydroindoles) and, after functionalization of the aromatic ring, indoles are regenerated by oxidation.By using this methodology, Somei er 01.5 developed a procedure for 7-selective functionalization6 of indole.They employed the chelation-controlled C-7 thallation of 1-acetylindoline as a key reaction.Since the thallated intermediate is convertible to a variety of 7-substituted indolines, this method seems to be highly useful.However, utilization of the toxic thallium reagent is not favorable.Recently, Beak and Lee7 reported on the alithiation of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl secondary amines.They mentioned, however, in the case of I-(tertbutoxycarbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, lithiation occurred at 8-position of the aromatic ring.We applied this directed lithiation to the I-(tert-hutoxycarbony1)indoline system in order to establish a new general mute to 7-functionalized indolines.
Neue Erkenntnisse über den Abbau der Stärke mit Hypochlorit. 7. Untersuchung der Wirkung der Hypochloritoxydation auf Amylose mit Hilfe des Abbaues mit β‐Amylase und Bestimmung des Jodbindungsvermögens (1978)

Abstract Mit Hilfe des Abbaues der hypochloritoxydierten Kartoffelstärke mit β‐Amylase wurde versucht, die Wirkung des Oxydationsmittels auf die Amylose zu untersuchen. Durch Bestimmung des Jodbindungsvermögens der Oxydationsprodukte konnte der Amylosegehalt quantitativ erfaßt werden. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse kann auf stärkeren Abbau der Amylose im Kornverband der Stärke bei der Oxydation mit Hypochlorit geschlossen werden.
A PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF PSYCHOLINGUISTICS AND PIAGET'S THEORY TO READING INSTRUCTION (1986)

Both the Piagetian theory of the learning process and a psycholinguistic interpretation of the reading process are integrated in and reflected by the reading program that is presented in this paper. Because of this, a brief interpretation of the reading process and of Piaget's theory is necessary to understand and appreciate the reading program. Each component of the program will be explained and interpreted from Piagetian perspectives. Finally, evaluative data attesting to the success of the program will be presented.
Polymeric phosphonium salts as a novel class of cationic biocides. VIII. Synergistic effect on antibacterial activity of polymeric phosphonium and ammonium salts (1994)

Abstract Two types of homopolymers {poly[tributyl(4‐vinylbenzyl)phosphonium chloride] and poly[tributyl(4‐vinylbenzyl)ammonium chloride]} and copolymers, in which the compositional ratio of the phosphonium monomer to the ammonium monomer was altered, were prepared. The antibacterial activities of both the mixtures of the homopolymers in which the mixing ratio was altered and the copolymers containing positively charged phosphorus and nitrogen atoms in a single polymer chain were explored by the viable cell counting method in sterile distilled water. In the mixed system, a significant finding was the presence of an optimal mixing ratio for the antibacterial activity. The mixtures of polymeric phosphonium salt and polymeric ammonium salt clearly showed the synergistic effect on the antibacterial activity. On the other hand, the antibacterial activity of the copolymers with different cationic parts increased monotonously with increasing the phosphonium monomer units in the polymers, namely, the incorporation of two types of active moieties into a single molecule seems to be unfavorable for synergism on the antibacterial activity. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Compact Dual-Band Printed Antenna Design for LTE Operation in Handheld Device Applications (2014)

A novel internal printed antenna suitable for triple long-term evolution (LTE) bands for handheld devices is presented. The operating bandwidths of the design are LTE700 (698~800 MHz), LTE2300 (2300~2400 MHz), and LTE2500 (2500~2690 MHz). Through the use of a C-shape broadside coupled feed structure, full operation in the lower band is achieved. The antenna itself uses two unequal path lengths to produce a low frequency band with two resonant modes. The required bandwidth is then adjusted using a couple feed, and finally placed over a ground plane via another C-type coupling element in order to enhance the two low-frequency matches. In the definition of the −6 dB reflection coefficient, the bandwidth of two basic modes in the low frequency band is 0.689~0.8 GHz. We adopt the definition of the −10 dB reflection coefficient for the high frequency mode, and its working frequency bands are shown to be 2.3~2.72 GHz. The antenna size is only 40 × 12 × 0.8 mm 3 with a ground plane of 98 × 40 mm 2 .
Multispectral data compression using bidirectional interband prediction (1996)

The introduction of high spatial and spectral resolution sensors on-board remote-sensing spacecraft has increased, by orders of magnitude, the data rates which need to be sustained on the down-link or cross-link transmission channels. Since these channels are severely limited in capacity, the need arises to perform on-board compression to reduce the volume of data which would need to be down-linked. This paper discusses the development and refinement of a low complexity lossy spectral/spatial compression method which provides high compression ratios at low levels of distortion. The developed techniques uses pixels in adjacent bands to predict the intensity of pixels in the band being compressed via a simple linear prediction model. This prediction method when combined with a low-distortion discrete cosine transform (DCT) block coding method yields performance comparable to block-adaptive Karhunen-Loeve Transform (KLT)-DCT methods without incurring the complexity penalty of the KLT. The methods' performance suffers under misregistration. A fractional-pixel interpolation enhancement to the basic technique significantly improves the performance in the case of misregistered bands.
Analysis of Polysorbate 80 and its Related Compounds by RP-HPLC with ELSD and MS Detection (2012)

The chemical composition of polysorbate 80 strongly influences the physicochemical properties and performance of many products. Consequently, a reliable characterization of polysorbate 80 is crucial for many applications. However, the exact composition of these chemical mixtures cannot be determined by colorimetry, hydrolysis, size-exclusion chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance or mass spectrometry (MS). Meanwhile, due to the strong retention of higher esters on the reversed-phase (RP) column, the published high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods suffered from inadequate elution. In the present paper, an HPLC-evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and an HPLC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS method were developed and validated for the separation and identification of the chemical composition of polysorbate 80. A full separation of the entire composition was achieved in 45 min. In the HPLC-ESI-MS spectra, each class of the compound in polysorbate 80 was directly confirmed and identified by [M + NH(4)](+) and [M + 2NH(4)](2+) ions. The number of polyoxyethylene groups and their distribution within the molecule were determined, in addition to the dehydration and esterification degree of sorbitol. Analysis showed that polysorbate 80 contained different proportions of components (polyoxyethylene sorbitan, polyoxyethylene isosorbide, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate-dioesters-trioleates-tetraoleates and polyoxyethylene isosorbide monoester-dioesters). It was concluded that HPLC-ESI-MS is a useful tool for establishing the compositional profile of polysorbate 80.
Preliminary screening of anticholinergic effect of some new derivatives of glycolic and aminoacetic acids. (1979)

The anticholinergic effect of some new alkylaminoalkyl esters of benzilic, cyclohexyl, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl, piperidino-and morpholino acetic acids (Table 1) was evaluated. Only benzilic acid esters were active and the 2-N-piperidinoaminoethyl benzilate hydrochloride (ANC-30) has the highest pA2 value.
Optical properties of molecular hydrogen (1967)

Variational methods are used to calculate the parallel and perpendicular dynamic dipole polarizabilities, the refractive index, the Verdet constant, the Rayleigh and Raman scattering cross sections, and the Rayleigh and Raman depolarization factors of molecular hydrogen as a function of frequency of the incident radiation. The results are satisfactory at long wavelengths but they fail for wavelengths less than about 2500 Å because of inadequacies in the representation of the wave function of the undisturbed molecule. By scaling the results to ensure they tend to the zero-frequency limits of Kolos and Wolniewicz we obtain, at the laser wavelength 6328 Å used by Bridge and Buckingham, 0.126 for the molecular anisotropy K, 0.818 Å3 for the mean polarizability and 0.309 Å3 for the polarizability anisotropy compared with the measured values of 0.128, 0.819 Å3 and 0.314 Å3 respectively.
Melittin-Like Peptides from the Shark-Repelling Defense Secretion of the Sole <i>Pardachirus pavoninus</i> (1986)

Three ichthyotoxic peptides, pardaxins P-I to P-3, have been isolated from the defense secretion of the sole Pardachirus pavoninus. Pavoninins, the steroid glycosides with shark-repelling ability, had previously been isolated therefrom. Each pardaxin consists of 33 amino acid residues having a distinctly hydrophilic carboxyl terminal region and a predominantly hydrophobic remainder; the pardaxin is thus strongly surfactant. These peptides show marked physical and pharmacological similarities to melittin, the major active constituent of bee venom, yet they lack sequence homology. They are probably also responsible for the predator-repelling property of the sole.
The Effectiveness of Adjunctive Hypnosis with Surgical Patients: A Meta-Analysis (2002)

A meta-analytical review of studies using hypnosis with surgical patients was performed to determine the effectiveness of the procedure. The results indicated that patients in hypnosis treatment groups had better clinical outcomes than 89% of patients in control groups. These data strongly support the use of hypnosis with surgical patients.
Post-transcriptional gene regulation by MAP kinases via AU-rich elements (2009)

Eukaryotic cells must continuously sense their environments, for example their attachment to extracellular matrix and proximity to other cells, differences in temperature or redox conditions, the presence of nutrients, growth factors, hormones, cytokines or pathogens. The information must then be integrated and an appropriate response initiated by modulating the cellular programme of gene expression. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways play a critical role in this process. Decades of research have illuminated the many ways in which MAPKs regulate the synthesis of mRNA (transcription) via phosphorylation of transcription factors, cofactors, and other proteins. In recent years it has become increasingly clear that the control of mRNA destruction is equally important for cellular responses to extracellular cues, and is equally subject to regulation by MAPKs. This review will summarize our current understanding of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by the MAPKs and the proteins that are involved in this process.
超頻寬低雜訊放大器、W-Band升頻混波器及電容式開關數位類比轉換器之研究 (2014)

In this thesis, operating in 3 ~ 10GHz (Ultra-Wideband) low noise amplifier(LNA), and W-Band Up-conversion Mixers, and Digital to Analog Converters using capacitive switches research , research themes are divided into the following three parts:
	First, we use the TSMC 0.18μm CMOS process design of a low-noise, high-gain broadband amplifier (3 ~ 10GHz), we use the LC parallel to achieve the effect of increasing the gain. In 3 ~ 10GHz band has a flat gain S21 was 11.2 ± 1.5 dB, noise figure of 3.5 ± 1 dB, and IIP3 in the 6GHz was－10dBm, the circuit's power consumption is 10.5mW, the chip size is 0.67mm2.
	In the second section, a TSMC 90nm CMOS up-conversion mixer with high CG and excellent LO-RF isolation for 77~81 GHz short range automotive radar is reported. The mixer comprises an enhanced double-balanced Gilbert cell with current injection for power consumption reduction, and dual negative resistance compensation for conversion gain (CG) enhancement, a Marchand Balun for converting the single LO input signal to differential signal, and another Marchand Balun for converting the differential RF output signal to single signal. The measured result indicates that the proposed up-conversion mixer with dual negative resistance compensation is promising for W-band RFIC applications.
	The third part is an application of the delta-sigma Digital to Analog Converter reconstruction filter using Switched-Capacitor Digital to Analog Converter, having direct voltage converter switched capacitor technology can reduce the noise impact of cloth and matching components without increasing power consumption Finally, the 15's digital signal output from the previous stage of digital circuits, reduced to an analog signal, this study was conducted by TSMC 0.35μm process design.
Phosphorylation-Induced Signal Propagation in the Response Regulator NtrC (2000)

The bacterial enhancer-binding protein NtrC is a well-studied response regulator in a two-component regulatory system. The amino (N)-terminal receiver domain of NtrC modulates the function of its adjacent output domain, which activates transcription by the sigma(54) holoenzyme. When a specific aspartate residue in the receiver domain of NtrC is phosphorylated, the dimeric protein forms an oligomer that is capable of ATP hydrolysis and transcriptional activation. A chemical protein cleavage method was used to investigate signal propagation from the phosphorylated receiver domain of NtrC, which acts positively, to its central output domain. The iron chelate reagent Fe-BABE was conjugated onto unique cysteines introduced into the N-terminal domain of NtrC, and the conjugated proteins were subjected to Fe-dependent cleavage with or without prior phosphorylation. Phosphorylation-dependent cleavage, which requires proximity and an appropriate orientation of the peptide backbone to the tethered Fe-EDTA, was particularly prominent with conjugated NtrC(D86C), in which the unique cysteine lies near the top of alpha-helix 4. Cleavage occurred outside the receiver domain itself and on the partner subunit of the derivatized monomer in an NtrC dimer. The results are commensurate with the hypothesis that alpha-helix 4 of the phosphorylated receiver domain of NtrC interacts with the beginning of the central domain for signal propagation. They imply that the phosphorylation-dependent interdomain and intermolecular interactions between the receiver domain of one subunit and the output domain of its partner subunit in an NtrC dimer precede-and may give rise to-the oligomerization needed for transcriptional activation.
A Water Immersion Algorithm for Cytological Image Segmentation (1996)

A non-parametric multi-resolution method is presented for cell segmentation and some of the advantages it has over other techniques, when applied to this application, are outlined. The proposed algorithm is an extension on the method of Wilson and Spann [6] and uses a technique based on the concept of water immersion which ensures closed boundaries. Experiments with cervical cells have shown that the algorithm is robust, fast and accurate. 1 Introduction The ratio of the area of the cytoplasm to the area of the nucleus (CN) is one of the best discriminatory features for the classification of cells in the screening for cancer of the cervix. The larger the ratio, the more likely the cell is to be dysplastic (pre-cancerous) or even cancerous. This ratio naturally depends upon an accurate segmentation of the cytoplasm from the background and of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Unfortunately, cytological images present difficult segmentation problems such as overlapping cells, clumped group...
Cloning and characterisation of a hyp gene cluster in the filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. strain PCC 73102 (2001)

Maturation of [NiFe]-hydrogenases requires the action of several groups of accessory genes. Homologues of one group of these genes, the so-called hyp genes, putatively encoding proteins participating in the formation of an active uptake hydrogenase in the filamentous, heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC 73102, were cloned. The cluster, consisting of hypF, hypC, hypD, hypE, hypA, and hypB, is located 3.8 kb upstream from the uptake hydrogenase-encoding hupSL. Gene expression analyses show that these hyp genes are, like hupL, transcribed under N2-fixing but not under non-N2-fixing growth conditions. Furthermore, the six hyp genes are transcribed together with an open reading frame upstream of hypF, as a single mRNA. Analysis of the DNA region upstream of the experimentally determined transcriptional start site revealed putative −10 and −35 sequence elements and putative binding sites for the global nitrogen regulator NtcA.
Perfusion quantification using Gaussian process deconvolution (2002)

The quantification of perfusion using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC-MRI) requires deconvolution to obtain the residual impulse response function (IRF). In this work, a method using the Gaussian process for deconvolution (GPD) is proposed. The fact that the IRF is smooth is incorporated as a constraint in the method. The GPD method, which automatically estimates the noise level in each voxel, has the advantage that model parameters are optimized automatically. The GPD is compared to singular value decomposition (SVD) using a common threshold for the singular values, and to SVD using a threshold optimized according to the noise level in each voxel. The comparison is carried out using artificial data as well as data from healthy volunteers. It is shown that GPD is comparable to SVD with a variable optimized threshold when determining the maximum of the IRF, which is directly related to the perfusion. GPD provides a better estimate of the entire IRF. As the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases or the time resolution of the measurements increases, GPD is shown to be superior to SVD. This is also found for large distribution volumes.