gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobile Security Education with Android Labs (2018)

The recent consumer explosion of smartphones and tablets has led to the proliferation of sensitive data stored on mobile devices and the cloud. In 2015, it was reported that 16.2% of files uploaded to file sharing services contain sensitive data (Skyhigh Networks). With users having so much personal data on their devices and the cloud, security becomes an imperative subject. Unfortunately, security is often overlooked or implemented improperly in many commercial devices. Knowledge of security fundamentals is essential to ensure users maintain their privacy and security. The work in this thesis designs and implements five labs for a potential undergraduate mobile security course with a focus on the Android operating system. The purpose of these labs is to give students practical experience and awareness in mobile security. In the first lab, I teach the basics of the Android Software Development Kit (SDK), such as accessing device hardware components and getting user permissions. The second lab teaches students how to inject malicious code into an existing app. The third lab teaches students how to implement a man in the middle attack using a WiFi Pineapple and setup an OAuth 2.0 session. In the fourth lab, students learn how to use Metasploit to run an exploit to get remote shell access to a device. In the fifth lab, I teach students how to get a device's WiFi information and how to interface with the WiGLE.net and Google Maps Android APIs.
Mechanistic and Synthetic Studies of the Addition of Alkyl Aldehydes to Vinylsilanes Catalyzed by Co(I) Complexes (1998)

The mechanistic details of the cobalt-catalyzed intermolecular hydroacylation reaction have been investigated using kinetic, spectroscopic, and crystallographic methods. The Co(I) bisolefin complex 1, [C5Me5Co(C2H3SiMe3)2], was shown to catalyze the addition of a series of alkyl aldehydes (2a−l) to vinylsilanes to give the corresponding ketones with exclusive anti-Markovnikov selectivity under mild conditions. The catalytic cycle exhibits two resting states, complex 1 and a bisalkyl carbonyl complex, [C5Me5Co(CO)(R)(R‘)], 4a−l which are in equilibrium. Kinetic investigations along with low-temperature NMR spectroscopy establish a sensitive balance between resting states during catalysis which is strongly dependent on substrate structure. The turnover-limiting step was established as the reductive elimination of ketone from intermediate 4. Using ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (Fc-C(O)H), 2l, as substrate, the intermediate 4l [C5Me5Co(CO)(Fc)(CH2CH2SiMe3)] was isolated at low temperatures and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Complex 4l was used to study the carbon−carbon bond-forming step directly by thermolysis in the presence of a trapping ligand L (P(OMe)3, PMe3). Kinetic analysis showed competitive ligand dependent and ligand independent pathways for ketone formation. Deuterium scrambling, isomerization of aldehydes prior to ketone formation, and production of isomeric ketones in certain cases establish that complex isomerization processes occur prior to productive ketone elimination from 4. A detailed mechanism accounting for all observations is proposed. Catalyst deactivation was shown to involve primarily decarbonylation to yield [C5Me5Co(CO)]2 and [C5Me5Co(CO)(C2H3SiMe3)]. When excess aldehyde is present, catalytic aldehyde dimerization occurs to give esters.
Cobalt-Mediated [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes to the Enamine Double Bond: A Formal Total Synthesis of γ-Lycorane (1993)

In the presence of CpCo(CO)2, bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene reacts with the alkyne and alkene functions of 1-(6-ethynyl-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl) azacyclopent-2-ene (5c) to create CpCo-cyclohexadiene complexes embodying the polycyclic framework of γ-lycorane. A novel regioselective fluoride-mediated removal of the 2-trimethylsilyl group from these 1,2-bis (trimethylsilyl)-substituted complexes under mild conditions allowed their successful conversion into 1,12b-didehydro-7-oxo-γ-lycorane (10 steps from 6-bromo-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid in 9.4% overall yield). Unusual problems associated with the application of palladium catalysts in the construction of 2-functionalized alkynylarenes related to 5c were circumvented. In addition, CpCo(CO)2 catalyzes the isomerization of the double bond of 1-acylazacyclopent-3-enes to the 2-position, but apparently is ineffective in the isomerization of N-(cyclopropyl-methylidene)amines to azacyclopent-2-enes.
ELIMINATION OF RESIDUAL TUMOR CELLS FROM AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW GRAFTS BY DYE‐MEDIATED PHOTOLYSIS: PRECLINICAL DATA* (1987)

MC540-mediated photolysis has several features that make it potentially attractive as a clinical purging procedure. (1) The experience with experimental tumors suggests that MC540-mediated photolysis is effective against a broad range of leukemias and solid tumors, including drug-resistant tumors (Sieber et al., 1984b). Drug-resistant tumor cells are likely to occur in heavily pretreated patients. (2) MC540-mediated photolysis is not cell-cycle dependent (Manna and Sieber, 1985). It kills both resting and cycling cells. In this regard, MC540-mediated photolysis is a valuable complement to cell-cycle specific cytotoxic drugs. (3) There is a large differential in sensitivity between normal pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia and neuroblastoma cells. (4) The mechanism of action of MC540-mediated photolysis is different from that of lectins, antibodies and most cytotoxic drugs. MC540 binds to the lipid portion of the plasma membrane and membrane lipids are probably a primary target of the toxic photoproducts. Antibodies and lectins react with proteins and carbohydrates and most drugs have intracellular targets (e.g., nuclear DNA). We would therefore expect little cross-resistance if MC540-mediated photolysis were used in combination with other purging procedures.(5) The small amounts of dye that remain associated with the marrow graft and are infused into the patient are approximately 100,000-fold less than the LD(10) (in mice) and therefore unlikely to cause any harm. The outcome of the first clinical application of the technique supports this view (Sieber et al., 1986c). A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms will undoubtedly lead to more effective applications of the technique and perhaps to the identification of more potent analogs of MC540.
Multiple Roles of <scp>VARP</scp> in Endosomal Trafficking: Rabs, Retromer Components and R‐<scp>SNARE VAMP7</scp> Meet on <scp>VARP</scp> (2016)

VARP (VPS9-ankyrin-repeat protein, also known as ANKRD27) was originally identified as an N-terminal VPS9 (vacuolar protein sorting 9)-domain-containing protein that possesses guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity toward small GTPase Rab21 and contains two ankyrin repeat (ANKR) domains in its central region. A number of VARP-interacting molecules have been identified during the past five years, and considerable attention is now being directed to the multiple roles of VARP in endosomal trafficking. More specifically, VARP is now known to interact with three different types of key membrane trafficking regulators, i.e. small GTPase Rabs (Rab32, Rab38 and Rab40C), the retromer complex (a sorting nexin dimer, VPS26, VPS29 and VPS35) and R-SNARE VAMP7. By binding to several of these molecules, VARP regulates endosomal trafficking, which underlies a variety of cellular events, including melanogenic enzyme trafficking to melanosomes, dendrite outgrowth of melanocytes, neurite outgrowth and retromer-mediated endosome-to-plasma membrane sorting of transmembrane proteins.
Effects of Arginine Deimination and Citrulline Side‐Chain Length on Peptide Secondary Structure Formation (2019)

Post-translational modifications expand the chemical functionality of peptides and proteins beyond that originating from the encoded amino acids, but studies on the structural effects of these modifications have been limited. Arginine undergoes deimination to give citrulline (Cit), converting the positively charged guanidinium moiety into a neutral urea group. Herein, we report the effect of Arg deimination on secondary structure formation. To understand the reason for the number of methylene units in Cit, the effect of Cit side-chain length on secondary structure formation was also studied. Ala-based peptides and β-hairpin peptides were used to study α-helix and β-sheet formation, respectively. Peptides containing Cit analogues were prepared by an orthogonal protecting group strategy coupled with solid-phase carbamylation. The CD data for the Ala-based peptides were analyzed by using modified Lifson-Roig theory, showing that the helix propensity of Arg decreased upon deimination and that either shortening or lengthening Cit also decreased the helix propensity. The β-hairpin peptides were analyzed by NMR methods, showing minimal change in strand formation energetics upon Arg deimination. Altering the Cit side-chain length did not affect strand formation energetics either. These results should be useful for the preparation of urea-bearing systems and the design of peptides incorporating urea-bearing residues with varying side-chain length.
Developments in wavelength division multiple access networking (1998)

The last few years have seen a growing interest in WDM for optical networks in order to increase the capacity and overcome the electronic bottleneck. Alongside the improvement in the WDM components there has been continuing development of WDMA networks. A large number of different WDMA strategies have been investigated in terms of both network architecture and the associated protocol requirements. This article identifies major themes and provides examples of experimental and theoretical developments which are anticipated to facilitate WDMA networking.
Hepatic gene expression profiles associated with fibrosis progression and hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis C patients (2005)

We identified genes that are associated with fibrosis progression and hepatocarcinogenesis. This information may be used to detect increased carcinogenic potential in the livers of patients with HCV infection.
3D TSV transformer design for DC-DC/AC-DC converter (2010)

This paper presents a new concept of 3D transformer structure realized by through silicon via (TSV) technology. A set of different turn ratio transformers have been designed and analyzed. The results show that the proposed 3D TSV transformer possesses good performance with small size. Finally, an AC to DC converter circuit which based on proposed transformer has been designed. The result demonstrates that proposed 3D TSV transformer is suitable for AC to DC converter design.
Pulse Oxigraphy and other new in-depty perspectives through the near infrared window. (2007)

PZ, TiZ.
Fast Reductive Ligation of <i>S</i>‐Nitrosothiols (2008)

“Nitroso” knows: A process has been developed which converts unstable S-nitrosothiols into stable sulfenamide analogues (see scheme). Reductive ligation proceeds rapidly in mixed organic solvent/water systems to give high yields. By applying this reaction, an efficient strategy for detecting S-nitrosylation in proteins and other biological systems is envisioned. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z801654_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of bacterial spores, molds, pollens, and protein: initial studies of discrimination potential (2003)

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to study bacterial spores, molds, pollens, and proteins. Biosamples were prepared and deposited onto porous silver substrates. LIBS data from the individual laser shots were analyzed by principal-components analysis and were found to contain adequate information to afford discrimination among the different biomaterials. Additional discrimination within the three bacilli studied appears feasible.
Vehicle Mass Estimator for Adaptive Roll Stability Control (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Rollover is one of the significant life threatening factors in SUVs (Sports Utility Vehicles). By applying braking or steering, active roll stability controllers help prevent rollover accidents in SUVs. The performance of these controllers is very sensitive to vehicle inertial parameters such as vehicle mass and mass center height. In this paper, a unified estimation method for vehicle mass is proposed considering available driving conditions, where three estimation algorithms are developed based on longitudinal, lateral or vertical vehicle dynamics, respectively. The first algorithm is designed using the longitudinal vehicle dynamics and the recursive least square with the disturbance observer technique for longitudinal traveling case. The second algorithm is designed using the lateral vehicle dynamics where the lateral velocity is estimated with the kinematic vehicle model via the Kalman filter. The third algorithm is designed based on the vertical dynamics and the dual recursive least square algorithm to estimate vehicle sprung mass. Then three algorithms are integrated to extract the vehicle mass during arbitrary vehicle maneuvering. The performance of the proposed vehicle mass estimation method is demonstrated through simulation.</div>
Learning automata with changing number of actions (1987)

A reinforcement scheme that is based on the linear reward-inaction updating algorithm is presented for a learning automaton whose action set changes from instant to instant. A learning automaton using the algorithm is shown to be both absolutely expedient and ε-optimal. The simulation results verify the ε-optimality of the algorithm. The results can be extended to the design of general nonlinear absolutely expedient learning algorithms.
Combined optical and electrochemical methods for studying electrochemistry at the single molecule and single particle level: recent progress and perspectives (2013)

We present a review of recent efforts aimed at understanding interfacial charge transfer at the single molecule and single nanoparticle level using the combined methods of traditional electrochemistry and optical spectroscopy with high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution. Elastic light scattering, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), fluorescence, and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) techniques have been demonstrated to be powerful tools for the study of interfacial charge transfer events involving a single molecule or nanoparticle and for the characterization of nanostructured electrodes. It is shown that these optical methods enable the exploration of electrochemical events with improved temporal and spatial resolution which are usually obstructed by the ensemble averaging inherent in conventional electrochemical methods. In this report, the current status of the field is reviewed and challenges for future work are discussed.
Stabilization of fenofibrate in low molecular weight hydroxypropylcellulose matrices produced by hot-melt extrusion (2012)

The objective of this study was to improve the dissolution rate and to enhance the stability of a poorly water-soluble and low glass-trasition temperature (T(g)) model drug, fenofibrate, in low molecular weight grades of hydroxypropylcellulose matrices produced by hot-melt extrusion (HME). Percent drug loading had a significant effect on the extrudability of the formulations. Dissolution rate of fenofibrate from melt extruded pellets was faster than that of the pure drug (p < 0.05). Incorporation of sugars within the formulation further increased the fenofibrate release rates. Differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that the crystalline drug was converted into an amorphous form during the HME process. Fenofibrate is prone to recrystallization due to its low T(g). Various polymers were evaluated as stabilizing agents among which polyvinylpyrrolidone 17PF and amino methacrylate copolymer exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on fenofibrate recrystallization in the hot-melt extrudates. Subsequently immediate-release fenofibrate tablets were successfully developed and complete drug release was achieved within 5 min. The dissolution profile was comparable to that of a currently marketed formulation. The hot-melt extruded fenofibrate tablets were stable, and exhibited an unchanged drug release profile after 3-month storage at 40°C/75% RH.
Optimal Pitch Thrust-Vector Angle and Benefits for all Flight Regimes (2000)

The NASA Dryden Flight Research Center is exploring the optimum thrust-vector angle on aircraft. Simple aerodynamic performance models for various phases of aircraft flight are developed and optimization equations and algorithms are presented in this report. Results of optimal angles of thrust vectors and associated benefits for various flight regimes of aircraft (takeoff, climb, cruise, descent, final approach, and landing) are given. Results for a typical wide-body transport aircraft are also given. The benefits accruable for this class of aircraft are small, but the technique can be applied to other conventionally configured aircraft. The lower L/D aerodynamic characteristics of fighters generally would produce larger benefits than those produced for transport aircraft.
Caveat on the use of linear free energy correlations with .sigma. or .sigma.+ to distinguish transition-state types. A useful graphic for the selection of substituents for a linear free energy study (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCaveat on the use of linear free energy correlations with .sigma. or .sigma.+ to distinguish transition-state types. A useful graphic for the selection of substituents for a linear free energy studyRobert E. GawleyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 22, 4595–4597Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00335a065https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00335a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The influence of surface functionalization on the enhanced internalization of magnetic nanoparticles in cancer cells (2009)

The internalization and biocompatibility of iron oxide nanoparticles surface functionalized with four differently charged carbohydrates have been tested in the human cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa). Neutral, positive, and negative iron oxide nanoparticles were obtained by coating with dextran, aminodextran, heparin, and dimercaptosuccinic acid, resulting in colloidal suspensions stable at pH 7 with similar aggregate size. No intracellular uptake was detected in cells incubated with neutral charged nanoparticles, while negative particles showed different behaviour depending on the nature of the coating. Thus, dimercaptosuccinic-coated nanoparticles showed low cellular uptake with non-toxic effects, while heparin-coated particles showed cellular uptake only at high nanoparticle concentrations and induced abnormal mitotic spindle configurations. Finally, cationic magnetic nanoparticles show excellent properties for possible in vivo biomedical applications such as cell tracking by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cancer treatment by hyperthermia: (i) they enter into cells with high effectiveness, and are localized in endosomes; (ii) they can be easily detected inside cells by optical microscopy, (iii) they are retained for relatively long periods of time, and (iv) they do not induce any cytotoxicity.
Akt/PKB Activity Is Required for Ha-Ras-mediated Transformation of Intestinal Epithelial Cells (2001)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) is thought to serve as an oncogenic signaling pathway which can be activated by Ras. The role of PI3K/Akt in Ras-mediated transformation of intestinal epithelial cells is currently not clear. Here we demonstrate that inducible expression of oncogenic Ha-Ras results in activation of PKB/Akt in rat intestinal epithelial cells (RIE-iHa-Ras), which was blocked by treatment with inhibitors of PI3K activity. The PI3K inhibitor, LY-294002, partially reversed the morphological transformation induced by Ha-Ras and resulted in a modest stimulation of apoptosis. The most pronounced phenotypic alteration following inhibition of PI3K was induction of G(1) phase cell cycle arrest. LY-294002 blocked the Ha-Ras-induced expression of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, and increased the levels of p27(kip). Both LY-294002 and wortmannin significantly reduced anchorage-independent growth of RIE-iHa-Ras cells. Forced expression of both the constitutively active forms of Raf (DeltaRaf-22W or Raf BXB) and Akt (Akt-myr) resulted in transformation of RIE cells that was not achieved by transfection with either the Raf mutant construct or Akt-myr alone. These findings delineate an important role for PI3K/Akt in Ras-mediated transformation of intestinal epithelial cells.
Real-time quantitative phase imaging with a spatial phase-shifting algorithm (2011)

This Letter reports on the use of a spatial phase-shifting algorithm in a fast, straightforward method of real-time quantitative phase imaging. The computation time for phase extraction is five times faster than a Fourier transform and twice as fast as a Hilbert transform. The fact that the phase extraction from an interferogram of 512 × 512 pixels takes less than 8.93 ms with a typical desktop computer suggests the proposed method can be readily applied to high-speed dynamic quantitative phase imaging. The proposed method of quantitative phase imaging is effective and sufficiently general for application to the dynamic phenomena of biological samples.
Performance Analysis of Synchronous Multi-Radio Multi-Link MAC Protocols in IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput WLANs (2020)

The representative media access control (MAC) mechanism of IEEE 802.11 is a distributed coordination function (DCF), which operates based on carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) with binary exponential backoff. The next amendment of IEEE 802.11 being developed for future Wi-Fi by the task group-be is called IEEE 802.11be, where the multi-link operation is mainly discussed when it comes to MAC layer operation. The multi-link operation discussed in IEEE 802.11be allows multi-link devices to establish multiple links and operate them simultaneously. Since the medium access on a link may affect the other links, and the conventional MAC mechanism has just taken account of a single link, the DCF should be used after careful consideration for multi-link operation. In this paper, we summarize the DCFs being reviewed to support the multi-radio multi-link operation in IEEE 802.11be and analyze their performance using the Markov chain model. Throughout the extensive performance evaluation, we summarize each MAC protocol’s pros and cons and discuss essential findings of the candidate MAC protocols.