gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraction of text lines and text blocks on document images based on statistical modeling (1996)

In this article, we developed a Bayesian model to characterize text line and text block structures on document images using the text word bounding boxes. We posed the extraction problem as finding the text lines and text blocks that maximize the Bayesian probability of the text lines and text blocks given the text word bounding boxes. In particular, we derived the so-called probabilistic linear displacement model (PLDM) to model the text line structures from text word bounding boxes. We also developed an augmented PLDM model to characterize the text block structures from text line bounding boxes. By systematically gathering statistics from a large population of document images, we are able to validate our models through experiments and determine the proper model parameters. We designed and implemented an iterative algorithm that used these probabilistic models to extract the text lines and text blocks. The quantitative performances of the algorithm in terms of the rates of miss, false, correct, splitting, merging, and spurious detections of the text lines and text blocks are reported. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Language and Power (1989)

1. Introduction: critical language study. 2. Discourse as social practice. 3. Discourse and power. 4. Discourse, common sense and ideology. 5. Critical discourse analysis in practice: description. 6. Critical discourse analysis in practice: interpretation, explanation, and the position of the analyst. 7. Creativity and struggle in discourse: the discourse of Thatcherism. 8. Discourse in social change. 9. Critical language study and social emancipation: language education in the schools. 10. Language and power 2000. Bibliography. Index.
A NOVEL FLUID RESUSCITATION THERAPY FOR HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK (1998)

Fluid resuscitation is the usual therapy for hemorrhagic shock, and frequently consists of the infusion of large volumes of electrolyte solutions. However, to be successful, this therapy should be implemented soon after injury. A new treatment method in which the infusion could be delayed might result in a greater survival rate. Reducing the volume of fluid needed is also important. Both of these aspects of fluid resuscitation therapy were addressed in this study by supplementing the electrolyte solution with trans-sodium crocetinate (TSC). Rats were subjected to a severe hemorrhage, with 55% (or greater) of the estimated blood volume being removed over a period of approximately 10 min. There were five animals in each treatment group, and two types of experiments were done. In one, a bolus injection of TSC (or saline control) was given immediately after hemorrhage, followed 30 min later with an infusion of isotonic saline. In the other experiments, reduced infusion volumes of a TSC-saline infusion fluid were used. In both cases, TSC resulted in the survival of the animals while the controls all died. Whole-body oxygen consumption also increased with TSC, reaching 75% of the normal resting value after about 15 min. This correlates well with the increased survival rates seen, since mortality after hemorrhagic shock is associated with decreased oxygen consumption. These results suggest that the use of TSC could allow for later implementation of fluid resuscitation therapy as well as reducing the volume needed.
Kinestatic Control: A Novel Theory for Simultaneously Regulating Force and Displacement (1991)

A new theory for the simultaneous control of force and displacement for a partially constrained end-effector is established based upon the general spatial stiffness of the manipulator. In general, the spatial stiffness of a compliant coupling that connects a pair of rigid bodies is used to map a small twist between the bodies into the corresponding interactive wrench. This mapping is based upon a firm geometrical foundation and establishes a positive-definite inner product (elliptic metric) that decomposes a general twist into a twist of freedom and a twist of compliance. A study of the invariant properties of this mapping leads to the discovery of what are defined as the eigen-screws of stiffness. Further, the spatial stiffness of a compliant coupling is modeled by theoretically replacing the coupling with a passive Stewart Platform-type parallel mechanism. It is important to recognize that this model does not depend upon the existence of a center-of-compliance. In fact, it describes a general state of spatial stiffness between any two rigid bodies. The culmination of these finding yields a practical and meaningful theory of Kinestatic Control, viz., the simultaneous regulation of force and displacement solely via the control of displacement.
A multi-agent system for distributed information retrieval on the World Wide Web (2002)

In this paper a novel approach concerned with the general framework of information management, is presented. We use a Multi-Agent system to cope with the problem of distributed information retrieval. The distributed information retrieval task deals with the collection of information from multiple and usually heterogeneous information sources that exist in a distributed environment, which in our case is the world wide web.
Troponin I Isoforms and Chimeras: Tuning the Molecular Switch of Cardiac Contraction (2001)

Troponin I, a key myofilament protein, plays a critical role in regulating force generation in striated muscle by acting as a Ca 2+ -dependent molecular switch. Domains contributing to the functional properties of troponin I have recently been defined in intact myofilaments of adult cardiac myocytes. This has been attained using gene transfer of chimeras derived from two troponin I isoforms expressed during cardiac development.
Compact bulk optical 90° hybrid for balanced phase diversity receivers (1989)

We describe a compact and stable bulk optical 90° hybrid offering advantages as compared to fibre-optic realisations. The excess loss of the pigtailed hybrid is only 2.0dB. The proper hybrid function has been proved in a self-heterodyne measurement set-up.
Regulation of tumor cell growth at organ-specific metastases. (1992)

The hallmark of malignant neoplasms is their ability to spread beyond the site of origin and produce metastases in distant organs. This nonrandom process depends on the interaction of specific tumor cells with a compatible milieu provided by a particular organ microenvironment; the molecular basis of which is under intense investigation. Recent analysis of human colon carcinoma (HCC) cells obtained from surgical specimens and implanted into athymic nude mice suggested that whereas nonmetastatic and highly metastatic cells can grow at local sites, growth per se in the secondary organ-specific site was associated only with high-metastatic HCC cells. These cells also respond in a specific manner to physiological mitogenic signals produced by damaged normal tissues. This article addresses the biological and molecular evidence supporting the hypothesis that organ-derived, perhaps, organ-specific, paracrine growth factors stimulate the growth of receptive malignant cells that possess the appropriate receptors.
A distributed routing scheme for networks of the future (2002)

A dynamic multipath routing scheme for homogeneous high-speed networks is proposed. The fundamental objective is to bridge the gap between routing and congestion control as the network becomes congested. Because propagation delay far outshadows queuing and transmission delay in high-speed networks, the proposed routing scheme works as a shortest path (minimum delay) first algorithm under a light traffic condition. However as the shortest path becomes congested, the source node uses multiple paths when and if available in order to distribute the load and reduce packet loss. This results in a more efficient use of the network facility and near-optimal flow assignment. The routing algorithm incorporates an update mechanism that uses information obtained from the call setup procedure in the switch, as well as real-time measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A hybrid observer for high performance brushless DC motor drives (1996)

Brushless DC motor drive systems are used in a wide variety of applications. These drives may be classified as being one of two types: sinusoidal drives in which there are no low-frequency harmonics in the current waveforms and no low-frequency torque ripple; and nonsinusoidal drives in which there is considerable low-frequency harmonic content, both in the current and torque waveforms. Although sinusoidal drives feature superior performance, they are generally more expensive since rotor position must be sensed on a continuous basis, thus requiring an optical encoder or a resolver, whereas relatively inexpensive Hall-effect sensors may be used for nonsinusoidal drives. In this paper, a straightforward hybrid observer is set forth which enables rotor position to be estimated on a continuous basis using information available from the Hall-effect sensors. The proposed observer is experimentally shown to perform just as well as an optical encoder for steady-state conditions and nearly as well as the optical encoder during transient conditions. The proposed scheme provides designers with a new option for rotor position sensing, one which offers an excellent compromise between accuracy and expense.
Visual rhythm and beat (2018)

We present a visual analogue for musical rhythm derived from an analysis of motion in video, and show that alignment of visual rhythm with its musical counterpart results in the appearance of dance. Central to our work is the concept of visual beats --- patterns of motion that can be shifted in time to control visual rhythm. By warping visual beats into alignment with musical beats, we can create or manipulate the appearance of dance in video. Using this approach we demonstrate a variety of retargeting applications that control musical synchronization of audio and video: we can change what song performers are dancing to, warp irregular motion into alignment with music so that it appears to be dancing, or search collections of video for moments of accidentally dance-like motion that can be used to synthesize musical performances.
<title>Fabrication and performance of a one-to-one erect imaging microlens array for fax</title> (1991)

Microlens arrays which image a full size document onto a photoreceptor for copying or transmitting purposes are currently of much interest. In particular those arrays which have total conjugate distances less than 10 mm are important because of the compactness they afford in the contact image sensor (CIS) unit design. In this paper the fabrication of such a one-to-one array utilizing the photosensitive glass-based SMILE tm process is described. The performance of the array in terms of contrast vs. spatial frequency for a facsimile document reader application is tested in a commercial CIS unit. The overall measured performance is examined in terms of the process parameters involved in the lens fabrication. Advantages and disadvantages of the microlens array relative to other methods are considered.
Atlas of Human Hair: Microscopic Characteristics (1998)

Introduction Scope and Function of the Atlas Terminology Individualization of Physical Evidence Numerical Scoring of Hairs Materials and Methods Human Hair Macroscopic Characteristics Hair Form Degree of Hair Curl Shaft Length Human Hair Microscopic Characteristics Color Pigment Density Pigment Granule Size Pigment Distribution Pigment Aggregate Shape Pigment Aggregate Size Medulla Continuity Medulla Opacity Cuticle Thickness Inner Cuticle Margin Outer Cuticle Scale Profile Cuticle Surface Pigment in Cuticle Cortical Texture Cortical Fusi Ovoid Bodies Root Growth Stage Distal Tip Characteristics Maximum Shaft Diameter Shaft Aberration Hair Treatments Hair Diseases and Disorders Miscellaneous Characteristics Insect, Arachnid, and Fungal Presence and Damage Cross-Section Characteristic Variates Shaft Cross-Section Shape Cross-Section Cuticle Thickness Cross-Section Pigment Density Cross-Section Pigment Granule Size Cross-Section Pigment Distribution Cross-Section Cortical Texture Human Hair Microscopic Characteristics: Photographs and Drawings of Variate Archetypes and Examples Color Pigment Density Pigment Granule Size Pigment Distribution Pigment Aggregate Shape Pigment Aggregate Size Medulla Continuity Medulla Opacity Cuticle Thickness Inner Cuticle Margin Outer Cuticle Scale Profile Cuticle Surface Pigment in Cuticle Cortical Texture Cortical Fusi Ovoid Bodies Root Growth Stage Distal Tip Characteristics Shaft Aberration Hair Treatments Hair Diseases and Disorders Miscellaneous Characteristics Insect/Arachnid/Fungal Presence and Damage Cross-Section Shape Cross-Section Pigment Distribution Human Hair Types The Human Hair Type Regional Human Hair Characteristic Variates References Appendix I: Glossary of Hair Terminology Appendix II: Bibliography of Forensic Hair Examination
A Practical Procedure for the Resolution of (+)- and (−)-Tramadol (2000)

A practical procedure for the efficient resolution of cis-tramadol [cis-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol] has been developed. This process was based on the observation that cis-tramadol free base selectively formed mandelic acid salts at different rates, affording a readily scalable kinetic resolution of each enantiomer. The key to the process was the observation that the resolving salt needed to be broken and re-formed to ultimately improve the optical purity. The mandalate salt of each cis-enantiomer was found to be >99% optically pure after three cycles through the salt formation process. A sample of each mandelate salt enantiomer was successfully converted to the known, optically active hydrochloride salt.
Transport of ionized metal atoms in high-power pulsed magnetron discharges assisted by inductively coupled plasma (2006)

Transporting metallic ions from the magnetron cathode to the substrate is essential for an efficient thin-film deposition process. This letter examines how inductively coupled plasma superimposed onto a high-power pulsed magnetron discharge can influence the mobility of titanium ions. To this effect, time-resolved optical emission and absorption spectrometry are conducted and the current at the substrate is measured. With this new hybrid technique, ions are found to reach the substrate in two successive waves. Metal ions, only present in the second wave, are found to accelerate proportionally to the power supplied to the inductively coupled plasma. All the measurements in this study are made at 10 and 30mTorr, with 10μs long pulses at the magnetron cathode.
Structural Design of Water-Soluble Copolymers (1991)

Macromolecules exhibiting solubility in aqueous solutions represent a diverse class of polymers ranging from biopolymers that direct life processes to synthetic systems with enormous commercial utility. In this chapter discussion will be directed toward fundamental concepts of structural arrangement, functionality, synthesis, and solution behavior. Subsequent chapters will detail advanced synthetic methods, polymerization kinetics, solution behavior including that of polyelectrolytes, polyampholytes, and polysoaps, and a number of selected technological applications.
A new method for image normalization (2002)

Image normalization is very useful in image understanding systems. In general, there are four basic forms of distortion of planar patterns: translation, rotation, scaling and skew. The authors propose a novel method which basically solves all problems in image normalization. First, we compute the covariance matrix of a given pattern. Then, we rotate the pattern according to the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix, and scale the pattern along the two eigenvectors according to the eigenvalues to bring the pattern to its most compact form. The processed pattern is invariant to translation, scaling and skew. Only the rotation problem remains unsolved. The final step is to rotate the image with respect to the image ellipse tilt angle, which is determined by the three second-order central moments, to make the pattern invariant to rotation. Thus, the resulting pattern is invariant to translation, rotation, scaling and skew. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are approved by numerical experiments on aircraft images.
Two-dimensional phase aberration correction using an ultrasonic 1.75D array: case study on breast microcalcifications (2004)

Ultrasound phase aberration resulting from tissue velocity inhomogeneities reduce the focusing ability of ultrasound waves and degrade image quality. Two-dimensional phase aberration measurements and correction with higher-order 1.75D arrays are expected to reduce this problem. We implement a least-mean-squares measurement algorithm and discuss implementation decisions for phase aberration correction techniques. We present clinical results from using individual channel RF signals from an 8/spl times/128 1.75D array (Tetrad Co.) interfaced with a Siemens Elegra scanner. The average patient aberration measurement in the thyroid (9 patients) was 22.2/spl plusmn/4.6 ns r.m.s. amplitude with 4.8 mm/spl plusmn/1.3 mm FWHM autocorrelation length. Analysis of breast scans (8 patients) resulted in a patient average aberration measurement of 33.1/spl plusmn/7.0 ns r.m.s. amplitude and 6.4/spl plusmn/1.5 mm FWHM. The results show a statistically significant difference (p-value=0.01) in aberration measurements in clinical breast imaging patients in age groups 20-40 years old and 50-70 years old. We present results of receive-only aberration correction in clinical images and describe quantitative improvements and the results from using specific correction implementation techniques in a case study of breast microcalcifications after phase aberration correction.
Activation of Caspase Protease During Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer Cells (2003)

As a genetically controlled program, apoptosis has important roles in a variety of biological processes. The realization that chemotherapy can also induce apoptosis in some cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo indicates apoptosis may play a very important role in cancer and cancer therapy (1,2). Many of the molecules that participate in the apoptotic cell suicide have been identified. At the heart of this pathway are a family of cysteine proteases, the "caspases" (3).
Radial contrast enhancement on brain magnetic resonance imaging could be diagnostic of primary angiitis of the central nervous system: a case report and review of the literature (2014)

Bilateral, symmetrical, increased intensity on T2-weighted images concurrent with linear contrast enhancement in a radial distribution throughout the white matter on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain should be recognized as a feature of primary angiitis of the central nervous system, and might avoid the need for a brain biopsy to diagnose primary angiitis of the central nervous system.
The Online Laboratory: Conducting Experiments in a Real Labor Market∗ (2016)

Online labor markets have great potential as platforms for conducting experiments. They provide immediate access to a large and diverse subject pool, and allow researchers to control the experimental context. Online experiments, we show, can be just as valid—both internally and externally—as laboratory and field experiments, while often requiring far less money and time to design and conduct. To demonstrate their value, we use an online labor market to replicate three classic experiments. The first finds quantitative agreement between levels of cooperation in a prisoner's dilemma played online and in the physical laboratory. The second shows—consistent with behavior in the traditional laboratory—that online subjects respond to priming by altering their choices. The third demonstrates that when an identical decision is framed differently, individuals reverse their choice, thus replicating a famed Tversky-Kahneman result. Then we conduct a field experiment showing that workers have upward-sloping labor supply curves. Finally, we analyze the challenges to online experiments, proposing methods to cope with the unique threats to validity in an online setting, and examining the conceptual issues surrounding the external validity of online results. We conclude by presenting our views on the potential role that online experiments can play within the social sciences, and then recommend software development priorities and best practices.
New models for success emerge for US natural gas industry (1994)

Very few companies in the US natural gas industry are confident in their ability to compete effectively in the brave new world of deregulation. Boston Consulting Group recently conducted an internal study to help the industry think about its future and identify models for success in this new environment. The authors examined the historical performance of 800 companies using several shareholder-value indicators, including cash-flow returns on investment, a measure of cash returns on cash invested that correlates closely to share price. Based on that review and discussions with investment managers and industry analysts, the authors were able to focus on a handful of companies that actually have thrived and created value against the difficult landscape of the past decade. Interviews with their senior executives provided important strategic and operational insights.
Computer Simulation of Coating Behavior Including Air for Various Coater Geometries and Operational Conditions (2009)

Slot coating has been wide spread in photo-resist coating on the glass for liquid crystal display. Die in slot coater consists of manifold and land. Material comes in inlet of the die and flow into the manifold and then flow out through the land. The coating thickness variations along the die length depend upon inside of die design such as manifold and die land. However the coating thickness variations along the moving direction(coating direction) of the coater depend upon the operational conditions of coater as well as die lip design. The coating behaviors including atmospheric air have been investigated in this study. Die geometries considered in this study were nozzle gap and length of the die lip. Coating gap and coating speed were the variables fur coating operational conditions. When the nozzle gap and length of die lip increased climbing effect of PR on the downstream die lip was reduced. Subsequently uniformity of coating thickness improved. Uniformity of coating thickness also enhanced as coating gap and coater speed increased. The uniformity of coating gap was related to the velocity vector distributions on the coating surface.
Programmable OPS/OCS hybrid data centre network (2018)

On the basis of profound understanding of data center (DC) traffic demands and optical switching technologies, we present a hybrid optical network design for future data center network (DCN). Such design integrates optical circuit switching (OCS) and optical packet switching (OPS) schemes via hybrid Top-of-the-Rack (ToR) switches which provide flexible function-switchover between different traffic patterns in the DCN. Simulations of network behaviors under such DC traffic loads indicate that the proposed OPS/OCS DCN can effectively improve the network performance. Moreover, via a preliminary analysis of OCS and OPS network configurations, the construction of hybrid DCN is also proved as the most cost- and energy-efficient way for DCN upgrading while offering a promised quality of service. An experimental demonstration shows a complete implementation of data center virtualization in the proposed hybrid data center network.