gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Configuration of Wine Lactone (1996)

Abstract The intense sweet and coconut‐like smelling odorant 1 , named ‘wine lactone’, was isolated from different wine varieties. The chemical structure of this compound, which has not yet been detected in wine or a food, was identified by high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS) as 3a,4,5,7a‐tetrahydro‐3,6‐dimethylbenzofuran‐2(3 H )‐one. For the evaluation of the configuration of wine lactone, stereochemically controlled syntheses were developed. All eight isomers were characterized by NMR, MS, IR, and CD measurements. The configuration of ‘wine lactone’ was in agreement with synthesized (3 S ,3a S ,7a R )‐enantiomer ( 1a ) on the basis of enantioselective GC. For this isomer, the lowest odor threshold (0.02 pg/1 air) was detected.
Influence on cell death of high frequency motion of magnetic nanoparticles during magnetic hyperthermia experiments (2016)

Studies with transplanted tumors in animals and clinical trials have provided the proof-of-concept of magnetic hyperthermia (MH) therapy of cancers using iron oxide nanoparticles. Interestingly, in several studies, the application of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) to tumor cells having internalized and accumulated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into their lysosomes can induce cell death without detectable temperature increase. To explain these results, among other hypotheses, it was proposed that cell death could be due to the high-frequency translational motion of MNPs under the influence of the AMF gradient generated involuntarily by most inductors. Such mechanical actions of MNPs might cause cellular damages and participate in the induction of cell death under MH conditions. To test this hypothesis, we developed a setup maximizing this effect. It is composed of an anti-Helmholtz coil and two permanent magnets, which produce an AMF gradient and a superimposed static MF. We have measured the MNP heating power and treated tumor cells by a standard AMF and by an AMF gradient, on which was added or not a static magnetic field. We showed that the presence of a static magnetic field prevents MNP heating and cell death in standard MH conditions. The heating power of MNPs in an AMF gradient is weak, position-dependent, and related to the presence of a non-zero AMF. Under an AMF gradient and a static field, no MNP heating and cell death were measured. Consequently, the hypothesis that translational motions could be involved in cell death during MH experiments is ruled out by our experiments.
Primer Requirement and Template Specificity of the DNA Polymerase of RNA Tumor Viruses (1971)

Polyribonucleotides will act as efficient templates for the DNA polymerases found in the virions of avian myeloblastosis virus and mouse leukemia virus if a short complementary oligodeoxyribonucleotide primer is added. Synthesis of the complementary polydeoxyribonucleotide continues until an amount of polymer equal to the amount of initial template has been produced. The two viruses show slightly different specificities toward the four homoribopolymers. Polydeoxyribonucleotides are generally much poorer templates than the homologous polyribonucleotides, in most cases yielding no detectable synthesis. The DNA polymerase of RNA tumor viruses, therefore, have the same requirements for activity as do other DNA polymerases, except that they prefer polyribonucleotides over polydeoxyribonucleotides as templates.
Efficient Parametrization of Multi-domain Deep Neural Networks (2018)

A practical limitation of deep neural networks is their high degree of specialization to a single task and visual domain. Recently, inspired by the successes of transfer learning, several authors have proposed to learn instead universal feature extractors that, used as the first stage of any deep network, work well for several tasks and domains simultaneously. Nevertheless, such universal features are still somewhat inferior to specialized networks. To overcome this limitation, in this paper we propose to consider instead universal parametric families of neural networks, which still contain specialized problem-specific models, but differing only by a small number of parameters. We study different designs for such parametrizations, including series and parallel residual adapters, joint adapter compression, and parameter allocations, and empirically identify the ones that yield the highest compression. We show that, in order to maximize performance, it is necessary to adapt both shallow and deep layers of a deep network, but the required changes are very small. We also show that these universal parametrization are very effective for transfer learning, where they outperform traditional fine-tuning techniques.
On the process of flux reversal in multiaperture ferrite cores (1961)

Toroidal magnetic cores using ferrite materials have been applied extensively as 2-state logic and memory devices.1‐ <SUP xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</SUP> For more complex logical operation, multiaperture ferrite cores have been used.5– <SUP xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</SUP> In most of the studies of flux reversal phenomena in these cores only two final flux states have been considered, representing either of the two saturated states of the core or a leg of the core. Multiaperture cores are also capable of continuous modulation of a-c power. An example is the transfluxor, 9-11 a 2-aperture core, in which the magnitude of the output is controlled by a transient setting pulse applied to its control winding. This device is able to operate at a continuously-controllable level because the amount of magnetic flux available about one aperture for the transfer of power can be controlled by the particular magnetic state established about the other aperture.
Coordination of active steering, driveline, and braking for integrated vehicle dynamics control (2006)

An integrated vehicle dynamics control system which aims to improve vehicle handling and stability by coordinating active front steering (AFS) and dynamic stability control (DSC) subsystems is developed in this paper. The DSC subsystem includes driveline-based, brake-based, and driveline plus brake-based DSC subsystems. The influence of varying forward speed and lateral acceleration on the lateral vehicle dynamics is investigated first. The AFS controller, which is used to improve vehicle steerability in the low to mid-range lateral acceleration, and the DSC controller, which manages to maintain vehicle stability during extreme driving situations, are then designed by using the sliding mode control (SMC) technique and phase plane method respectively. Based on the two independently developed controllers, a rule-based integration scheme is proposed to optimize the overall vehicle performance by minimizing interactions between the two subsystems and extending functionalities of individual subsystems. Computer simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control system and the overall improvements in vehicle handling and stability.
Bisrubescensins A−C:  Three New Dimeric <i>e</i><i>nt</i>-Kauranoids Isolated from <i>Isodon </i><i>r</i><i>ubescens</i> (2006)

[reaction: see text] A phytochemical study of the secondary metabolites produced by the species of Isodon rubescens has led to the isolation of three new dimeric ent-kauranoids and two known ones. The most important of these compounds are bisrubescensin A (1), which contains an unprecedented C(23) ent-kaurane unit, and bisrubescensin C (3), which is the precursor of bisrubescensin B (2) from the viewpoint of biosynthesis. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence.
Designing action-based exergames for children with cerebral palsy (2013)

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) want to play fast-paced action-oriented videogames similar to those played by their peers without motor disabilities. This is particularly true of exergames, whose physically-active gameplay matches the fast pace of action games. But disabilities resulting from CP can make it difficult to play action games. Guidelines for developing games for people with motor disabilities steer away from high-paced action, including recommendations to avoid the need for time-sensitive actions and to keep game pace slow. Through a year-long participatory design process with children with CP, we have discovered that it is in fact possible to develop action-oriented exergames for children with CP at level III on the Gross Motor Function Classification Scale. We followed up the design process with an eight-week home trial, in which we found the games to be playable and enjoyable. In this paper, we discuss the design of these games, and present a set of design recommendations for how to achieve both action-orientation and playability.
Single chip DMT-modem transceiver for ADSL (2002)

The complete digital processing of the Discrete Multitone modulation technique has been integrated into a single device, processed in 0.5 /spl mu/m standard CMOS. The optimal power and area result (realized by algorithmic optimisations) and the extended programmability make this component the basis to build cost effective ADSL systems.
The Nature of Marxist Philosophy and Philosophy Teaching Reform (2002)

Marxist philosophy is the scientific standpoint and methodology that can be used to recreate the world. It is not an eternal truth and a doctrine, but a guide to action. The paper intends to make clear that it is of importance for the students to master the spiritual nature of Marxist philosophy and realize the current spiritual highlights and its developing vigor in the philosophy teaching.
Room-temperature continuous-wave lasing from stacked InAs/GaAs quantum dots grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1997)

We report on quantum dot (QD) lasers made of stacked InAs dots grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Successful growth of defect-free binary InAs/GaAs QDs with high lateral density (dl⩾4×1010 cm−2) was achieved in a narrow growth parameter window. The room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) intensity is enhanced up to a factor of 3 and the PL peak width is reduced by more than 30% when a thin layer of In0.3Ga0.7As is deposited onto the InAs QDs. A QD laser with a single sheet of such InAs/InGaAs/GaAs QDs exhibits threshold current densities as low as 12.7 and 181 A/cm2 at 100 and 300 K, respectively. Lasers with threefold stacked QDs show ground-state lasing and allow for cw operation at room temperature.
Deep neural network application for 4D seismic inversion to changes in pressure and saturation: Optimizing the use of synthetic training datasets (2020)

ABSTRACT In this work, we tackle the challenge of quantitative estimation of reservoir dynamic property variations during a period of production, directly from four‐dimensional seismic data in the amplitude domain. We employ a deep neural network to invert four‐dimensional seismic amplitude maps to the simultaneous changes in pressure, water and gas saturations. The method is applied to a real field data case, where, as is common in such applications, the data measured at the wells are insufficient for properly training deep neural networks, thus, the network is trained on synthetic data. Training on synthetic data offers much freedom in designing a training dataset, therefore, it is important to understand the impact of the data distribution on the inversion results. To define the best way to construct a synthetic training dataset, we perform a study on four different approaches to populating the training set making remarks on data sizes, network generality and the impact of physics‐based constraints. Using the results of a reservoir simulation model to populate our training datasets, we demonstrate the benefits of restricting training samples to fluid flow consistent combinations in the dynamic reservoir property domain. With this the network learns the physical correlations present in the training set, incorporating this information into the inference process, which allows it to make inferences on properties to which the seismic data are most uncertain. Additionally, we demonstrate the importance of applying regularization techniques such as adding noise to the synthetic data for training and show a possibility of estimating uncertainties in the inversion results by training multiple networks.
Recognition of Phosphodegron Motifs in Human Cyclin E by the SCFFbw7 Ubiquitin Ligase (2004)

Turnover of cyclin E is controlled by SCF(Fbw7). Three isoforms of Fbw7 are produced by alternative splicing. Whereas Fbw7alpha and -gamma are nuclear and the beta-isoform is cytoplasmic in 293T cells, all three isoforms induce cyclin E destruction in an in vivo degradation assay. Cyclin E is phosphorylated on Thr(62), Ser(88), Ser(372), Thr(380), and Ser(384) in vivo. To examine the roles of phosphorylation in cyclin E turnover, a series of alanine point mutations in each of these sites were analyzed for Fbw7-driven degradation. As expected, mutation of the previously characterized residue Thr(380) to alanine led to profound defects of cyclin E turnover, and largely abolished association with Fbw7. Mutation of Thr(62) to alanine led to a dramatic reduction in the extent of Thr(380) phosphorylation, suggesting an indirect effect of this mutation on cyclin E turnover. Nevertheless, phosphopeptides centered at Thr(62) associated with Fbw7, and residual binding of cyclin E(T380A) to Fbw7 was abolished upon mutation of Thr(62), suggesting a minor role for this residue in direct association with Fbw7. Mutation of Ser(384) to alanine also rendered cyclin E resistant to degradation by Fbw7, with the largest effects being observed with Fbw7beta. Cyclin E(S384A) associated more weakly with Fbw7alpha and -beta isoforms but was not defective in Thr(380) phosphorylation. Analysis of the localization of cyclin E mutant proteins indicated selective accumulation of cyclin E(S384A) in the nucleus, which may contribute to the inability of cytoplasmic Fbw7beta to promote turnover of this cyclin E mutant protein.
Nutrient requirements of rat embryos undergoing organogenesis <i>in vitro</i> (1979)

Rat embryos at the head-fold stage were cultured in rotating bottles for 2 days in rat serum extensively dialysed against glucose-free BSS, and to which various energy sources and nutrients were added. Optimum growth and differentiation, virtually indentical with that obtained in while serum and to that seen during the corresponding period in vivo, were obtained with the addition of glucose and certain vitamins: pantothenic acid and riboflavin had a general beneficial effect on development, i-inositol suppressed neural tube defects, and folic acid significantly improved growth of the embryos.
Nitric oxide measurements in hTERT-RPE cells and subcellular fractions exposed to low levels of red light (2014)

Cells in a tissue culture model for laser eye injury exhibit increased resistance to a lethal pulse of 2.0-μm laser radiation
if the cells are first exposed to 2.88 J/cm 2 of red light 24 hr prior to the lethal laser exposure. Changes in expression of
various genes associated with apoptosis have been observed, but the biochemical link between light absorption and gene
expression remains unknown. Cytochome c oxidase (CCOX), in the electron transport chain, is the currentlyhypothesized
absorber. Absorption of the red light by CCOX is thought to facilitate displacement of nitric oxide (NO)
by O 2 in the active site, increasing cellular respiration and intracellular ATP. However, NO is also an important
regulator and mediator of numerous physiological processes in a variety of cell and tissue types that is synthesized from
l-arginine by NO synthases. In an effort to determine the relative NO contributions from these competing pathways, we
measured NO levels in whole cells and subcellular fractions, with and without exposure to red light, using DAF-FM, a
fluorescent dye that stoichiometrically reacts with NO. Red light induced a small, but consistently reproducible,
increase in fluorescence intensity in whole cells and some subcellular fractions. Whole cells exhibited the highest
overall fluorescence intensity followed by (in order) cytosolic proteins, microsomes, then nuclei and mitochondria.
Building dynamic multicast trees in mobile networks (2003)

As group applications become more prevalent, efficient network utilization becomes a major concern. Multicast transmission may use network bandwidth more efficiently than multiple point-to-point connections. Many algorithms have been proposed for generating "good" multicast trees, however, these algorithms have significant limitations for networks containing mobile hosts. Existing algorithms either do not support changes to the multicast group while building the tree or impose unrealistic restrictions such as prohibiting overlapping modifications or forcing regeneration of the tree after each change. Clearly, to extend the range of applications that depend on multicast communication to mobile hosts, multicast tree algorithms must provide a flexible means for participants to join and leave the multicast group. We propose an efficient distributed algorithm that supports dynamic changes to the multicast group during tree building and allows overlapping join/leave operations. In this paper, we present the algorithm and initial simulation results.
Handbook of Soviet Alloy Compositions. Revision (1980)

Abstract : The Handbook of Soviet Alloys, which has been completely revised, incorporates information from previous Supplement Handbooks. The objective of the Handbook is to provide a tool by which engineers, metallurgists, and others can identify the chemical compositions of a wide variety of metals and alloys used in the USSR. Both recent alloys as well as earlier developed alloys are included in the Handbook along with their designations. Also, wherever possible, this document includes the U.S. equivalent of Soviet Alloys. Data on compositions, designations, and other miscellaneous information are compiled in 25 tables. An Index (Index of Alloys), which lists the location within the tables of specific alloys and metals by their alphabetical-numerical designation, aids in using the Handbook. The tables and index alloys were computer generated. The 1980 Edition of the Handbook also has a reference listing preceding each table. A general discussion of the Soviet system for designation of metal and alloy is presented. Specific designations used are discussed in the introductory material preceding each table.
The case mix of ambulatory surgery as measured by ambulatory visit groups (1990)

Lion, Joanna PhD1; Vertrees, James PhD2; Malbon, Alan BS3; Harrow, Brooke BA4; Collard, Ann RN, PhD5; Mowschenson, Peter MD6 Author Information
A doubly salient doubly excited variable reluctance motor (2002)

A variable reluctance motor is introduced to help solve the energy circulation problems which exist during commutation in conventional variable motors (VRMs). The motor enables the energy stored in the magnetic field to be retained and utilized within the motor instead of being returned back to the source. The operating principles of the motor and associated power converters are presented. The analysis shows that, by employing both short pitch and full pitch windings, this new motor can eliminate the problems of current commutation and energy circulation without extra conductors in the slots. This motor has the following advantages over conventional VRMs: it allows a significant improvement in the turn-off process and therefore allows higher speed capacity than conventional VRMS; the machine has higher output because of the improvement of the turn-off performance and the utilization of the trapped energy. It can have higher output with the same converter or the same output with a smaller converter because of the improvement of the energy conversion ratio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impact of Thiol–Disulfide Balance on the Binding of Covid-19 Spike Protein with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor (2020)

The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which started in 2019. This is a member of Coronaviridae family in the genus <i>Betacoronavirus</i>, which also includes SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the functional receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 to enter the host cells. In particular, the interaction of viral spike proteins with ACE2 is a critical step in the viral replication cycle. The receptor-binding domain of the viral spike proteins and ACE2 have several cysteine residues. In this study, the role of thiol-disulfide balance on the interactions between SARS-CoV/CoV-2 spike proteins and ACE2 was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The study revealed that the binding affinity was significantly impaired when all of the disulfide bonds of both ACE2 and SARS-CoV/CoV-2 spike proteins were reduced to thiol groups. The impact on the binding affinity was less severe when the disulfide bridges of only one of the binding partners were reduced to thiols. This computational finding possibly provides a molecular basis for the differential COVID-19 cellular recognition due to the oxidative stress.
A Concise and Flexible Total Synthesis of (−)‐Diazonamide A (2003)

The remarkable action of an IIII species on a tripeptide containing acyclic tyrosine/tryptophan is the key step in a total synthesis of (−)-diazonamide A. The completed preparation of this new antimitotic is concise, multiply convergent, and amenable to diversification of intermediates.
Nanocrystalline fluxgate cores with transverse anisotropy (2006)

Fluxgate sensors with cores made of etched sheets can be processed by applying a strong magnetic field in the direction normal to the sheet plane in order to reduce the sensor noise. Magnetic domain structure was observed by SEM. The treatment resulted in 40% reduction of fluxgate sensor noise. This study was performed on nanocrystalline materials, but similar technique can be used to process some amorphous and crystalline alloys. This technology can improve the performance of microfluxgate sensors.