gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gadgetron: An open source framework for medical image reconstruction (2012)

This work presents a new open source framework for medical image reconstruction called the "Gadgetron." The framework implements a flexible system for creating streaming data processing pipelines where data pass through a series of modules or "Gadgets" from raw data to reconstructed images. The data processing pipeline is configured dynamically at run-time based on an extensible markup language configuration description. The framework promotes reuse and sharing of reconstruction modules and new Gadgets can be added to the Gadgetron framework through a plugin-like architecture without recompiling the basic framework infrastructure. Gadgets are typically implemented in C/C++, but the framework includes wrapper Gadgets that allow the user to implement new modules in the Python scripting language for rapid prototyping. In addition to the streaming framework infrastructure, the Gadgetron comes with a set of dedicated toolboxes in shared libraries for medical image reconstruction. This includes generic toolboxes for data-parallel (e.g., GPU-based) execution of compute-intensive components. The basic framework architecture is independent of medical imaging modality, but this article focuses on its application to Cartesian and non-Cartesian parallel magnetic resonance imaging.
Advanced Scanning Electron Microscopy Methods and Applications to Integrated Circuit Failure Analysis (1987)

Semiconductor device failure analysis using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has become a standard component of integrated circuit fabrication. Improvements in SEM capabilities and in digital imaging and processing have advanced standard acquisition modes and have promoted new failure analysis methods. The physical basis of various data acquisition modes, both standard and new, and their implementation on a computer controlled SEM image acquisition/processing system are discussed, emphasizing the advantages of each method. Design considerations for an integrated, online failure analysis system are also described. Recent developments in the integration of the information provided by electron beam analysis, conventional integrated circuit (IC) testing, computer-aided design (CAD), and device parameter testing into a single system promise to provide powerful future tools for failure analysis.
A novel buried oxide isolation for monolithic RF inductors on silicon (2002)

We present a new approach to realizing high quality factor (Q) inductors using CMOS-compatible process steps only. The method is based on the preparation of very thick buried oxide regions beneath the inductors to reduce parasitics. The behavior of inductors fabricated with a CMOS compatible, 3-level metal silicon technology conforms well with simulations.
Decreased Circulating Levels of Spexin in Obese Children (2016)

Lower circulating levels of Spexin in obese children compared with their normal-weight counterparts and the ability to discriminate obese and normal-weight groups based on Spexin concentration enabled us to suggest a potential role for this novel peptide in childhood obesity. The clinical significance of these findings needs additional investigation.
Interaction objects-A paradigm for intuitive user interfaces (2002)

An object-based intuitive user interface approach, based on a real life conceptual user model is introduced. The objects are represented graphically. A few simple concepts are applied to the whole user interface. These, together with high consistency in the interaction techniques, result in a highly user-friendly system. The design concepts are described and a design method for object-based user interfaces is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Main Area Claymore Reservoir: A Review of Geology and Reservoir Management (1989)

Summary The Main Area Claymore reservoir (MACR) is the major reservoir of the Claymore field, located 110 miles [177 km] northeast of Aberdeen in U.K. Block 14/19, offshore North Sea. An integrated team effort by geologists, geophysicists, and engineers has led to an increase in recoverable oil for the MACR. Concurrently, the MACR production increased from 47 to 57 MSTB/D [7472 to 9062 stock-tank m3/d] from mid-1984 to the end of 1986. The MACR is of Late Jurassic Age. Fine- to coarse-grained sandstones of the Sgiath and Piper formations are succeeded by the very-fine- to medium-grained sandstones of the Claymore sandstone member (CSM) of the Kimmeridge clay formation. The CSM constitutes the bulk of the MACR and is divided into two informal reservoir units: the low gamma ray sands (LGRS) and the high gamma ray sands (HGRS). The principal early field problems were lack of sufficient pressure support, uneven water advancement in both the horizontal and vertical directions, and a large pressure gradient across the reservoir. Thus, more offtake and selective injection points were required to improve oil recovery. Growth of geological and engineering knowledge of the MACR has resulted from infill drilling and the integration of repeat formation tester (RFT) pressures, flowmeters, well logs, detailed core studies, and three-dimensional (3D) seismic. Increased current oil production and recoverable reserves are the consequences of this work. To improve oil recovery, a 10-slot subsea template for water injection was installed in Summer 1985. Three subsea water injectors have been drilled from this template and five platform wells redrilled as producers to downdip areas of the MACR. The recent drilling program owes its success to the combined efforts of a multidisciplinary team, which resulted in the optimum placement of wells and the adoption of selective completion to optimize areal and vertical sweep efficiencies.
Of an Issue in Regard to the Interpretation of the So-Called Runciman-Clémentel Agreement of December 3, 1916 (1941)

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Redetermination of triethylammonium chloride in the space group<i>P</i>31<i>c</i> (2004)

The structure of triethyl­ammonium chloride, C6H16N+·Cl−, has been redetermined in the space group P31c. In contrast with previous refinements in the space group P63mc, no disorder of the triethyl­ammonium cation was observed.
Do metastatic colorectal cancer patients who present with late relapse after curative surgery have a better survival? (2013)

TTR within 2 years is an independent predictor of shorter survival time for mCRC patients who experience a relapse. These data do not support the hypothesis that patients who have late relapse late (>5 years) have a 'better' biology or survival compared with patients with a TTR of 2-5 years.
Racial differences in serum cotinine levels among smokers in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults study. (1990)

Cotinine was measured in the serum of nearly all 5,115 18-30 year old, Black and White, men and women participating in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults Study, 30 percent of whom reported current cigarette smoking. Ninety-five percent of the reported smokers had serum cotinine levels indicative of smoking (greater than 13 ng/ml). The median cotinine level was higher in Black than White smokers (221 ng/ml versus 170 ng/ml; 95 percent CI for difference: 34, 65) in spite of the fact that estimated daily nicotine exposure and serum thiocyanate were higher in Whites. The difference persisted after controlling for number of cigarettes, nicotine content, frequency of inhalation, weekly sidestream smoke exposure, age, gender, and education. A reporting bias and nicotine intake were ruled out as explanations for the racial difference suggesting that the metabolism of nicotine or the excretion of cotinine may differ by race. Racial differences in cotinine levels may provide clues to the reasons for the observed lower cessation rates and higher rates of some smoking-related cancers in Blacks.
A phase I study of a novel spectrum selective kinase inhibitor (SSKI), XL880, administered orally in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors (STs) (2006)

3041 Background: XL880 is a sub-nM inhibitor of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). PDGFRβ, KIT, FLT3, and Tie-2 are also inhibited at low nM concentrations in vitro. XL880 is the 1 st orally bioavailable small molecule Met inhibitor to enter the clinic. Methods: Pts with advanced STs were enrolled in successive cohorts to receive XL880 orally as a single dose on Day (D) 1 with pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling, followed by 5 consecutive daily doses (DD) starting on D 4 with additional PK sampling. Pts then continued to receive XL880 for 5 consecutive days, repeated every 14 days. Results: Nineteen pts have been treated across 5 dose levels: 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/kg. No dose-limiting toxicities have been observed. Two pts have demonstrated grade 2 hypertension, at 0.8 and 1.6 mg/kg respectively. PK analysis indicated that systemic drug exposure (AUC) and peak plasma levels (Cmax) increased approximately dose-proportionally (r 2 values = .89 and .87 respectively) with increasing XL880 dose (0.1–1.6 mg/kg). Following 5 consecutive DD, AUC values were 175–304% higher and Cmax values were 30–203% higher than following a single XL880 dose, suggesting possible drug accumulation with repeat dosing. Terminal half-life values were ∼60 hours (hrs) following 5 consecutive DD (D 8 range: 40–66 hrs), were more variable following a single dose (D 1 range: 26–87 hrs), and appeared to be unaffected by dose. A pt with papillary renal cell carcinoma has a partial response (DD = 0.2 mg/kg) and pts with carcinoid and melanoma have had minor responses. Conclusions: XL880 is a RTK inhibitor with a novel spectrum of activity that targets both tumor cells and tumor-associated vasculature. XL880 is well tolerated up to the 1.6 mg/kg dose, with continued dose escalation ongoing. XL880 demonstrates biologic activity through hypertension and antitumor activity. [Table: see text]
Solubilization of metronidazole by water-miscible multi-cosolvents and water-soluble vitamins. (1984)

In the systemic treatment of anaerobic infections, a parenteral mode of administration of metronidazole is preferable. The practical way of administering a parenteral dose(500 mg/dose) of metronidazole in a single injectable dosage form(10 ml) can be achieved by incorporating two or more water-miscible co-solvents, e.g., ethanol,N, N-dimethylacetamide, propylene glycol or solketal, in the aqueous solution. The aqueous solubility of metronidazole was found to increase, exponentially, as increasing the volume fraction of the co-solvents. A maximum solubility of metronidazole was observed in the aqueous solutions with a dielectric constant in the range of 41.49#x00B1; 1.76. The importance of dielectric constant in determining the aqueous solubility of slightly water-soluble metronidazole, which consists of lipophilic and hydrophilic functional groups, was discussed. The aqueous solubility of metronidazole can also be enhanced by solubilizing with a water-soluble vitamin, e.g., nicotinamide, ascorbic acid or pyridoxine HCl. A cage-like structure was postulated to rationalize the observation that 9 molecules of vitamin are required to solubilize every molecule of metronidazole in the aqueous solution.
Light Amplification by Optical Excitation of a Chemical Defect in a Conjugated Polymer (2004)

A small fraction of narrow‐bandgap benzothiadiazole (BT) ‘defects’ covalently integrated into the main chain of a wide‐bandgap polyfluorene (PF) polymer minimizes self‐absorption effects via efficient energy transfer from absorbing PF segments to emitting BT ‘defects’. A threshold for amplified spontaneous emission in a glass/polymer/air optical waveguide as low as 15 kW cm –2 is achieved.
ZM-21 magnesium alloy corrosion properties and cryogenic to elevated temperature mechanical properties (1972)

The mechanical properties of bare ZM-21 magnesium alloy flat tensile specimens were determined for test temperatures of +400 F, +300 F, +200 F, +80 F, 0 F, -100 F, -200 F, and -320 F. The ultimate tensile and yield strengths of the material increased with decreasing temperature with a corresponding reduction in elongation values. Stress corrosion tests performed under: (1) MSFC atmospheric conditions; (2) 95% relative humidity; and (3) submerged in 100 ppm chloride solution for 8 weeks indicated that the alloy is not susceptible to stress corrosion. The corrosion tests indicated that the material is susceptible to attack by crevice corrosion in high humidity and chemical type attack by chloride solution. Atmospheric conditions at MSFC did not produce any adverse effects on the material, probably due to the rapid formation of a protective oxide coating. In both the mechanical properties and the stress corrosion evaluations the test specimens which were cut transverse to the rolling direction had superior properties when compared to the longitudinal properties.
Infrared spectroscopic evidence of silicon related hydrogen complexes in hydrogenated <i>n</i>-type GaAs doped with silicon (1987)

Infrared absorption spectroscopy has been performed on hydrogenated and deuterated n-type silicon-doped GaAs. It reveals the presence of a sharp vibrational mode at 890 cm−1 in hydrogenated samples and at 637 cm−1 in deuterated ones. These bands are absent in undoped GaAs. Analysis of the isotopic shift frequency reveals that the band is associated with a hydrogen–arsenic bond where arsenic is supposed to sit as a first nearest neighbor of the silicon donor atom giving rise to (SiAs3)As-H complexes. Isochronal annealing experiments show the direct correlation between the absorption line intensity and the amount of neutralized donors, confirming the view that the extra electrons of the silicon donors are involved in the hydrogen–arsenic bonds.
Simultaneous determination of tobacco minor alkaloids and tobacco‐specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke by dispersive solid‐phase extraction coupled with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem orbitrap mass spectrometry (2018)

The proposed method was suitable for analysis of tobacco minor alkaloids and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in cigarette mainstream smoke.
Assessment of Library Instruction on Undergraduate Student Success in a Documents-Based Research Course: The Benefits of Librarian, Archivist, and Faculty Collaboration (2013)

This article discusses a successful collaboration between multiple subject specialist librarians, the University Archivist and a faculty member teaching an undergraduate course in documents-based social science research. This collaborative partnership allowed for each subject specialist to expose students to specific information literacy skills they needed to be successful in their class. The authors used pre- and postassessments to gauge student comfort level in conducting library research, as well as a rubric to assess the annotated bibliography of a student’s final research paper. The data from these assessment tools are analyzed and the results discussed. The data indicates that students benefited from the specialized instruction they received.
Issues and approaches to coarse-grain reconfigurable architecture development (2003)

Although domain-specialized FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays) can offer significant area, speed and power improvements over conventional reconfigurable devices, there are several unique and unexplored design problems that complicate their development. One source of these problems is that the designers often opt to replace more universal, fine-grain logic elements with a specialized set of coarse-grain functional units to improve computation speed and reduce routing complexity. One issue this introduces is that it is not obvious how to simultaneously consider all applications in a domain and determine the most appropriate overall number and ration of the different functional units. In this paper, we illustrate how this problem manifests itself during the development of an encryption-specialized FPGA architecture. We present three algorithms that solve this problem by balancing the hardware needs of the domain while considering performance and area requirements. We believe these concerns need to be addressed by future CAD tools in order to develop more sophisticated application-specialized reconfigurable devices.
Follistatin-Related Protein and Follistatin Differentially Neutralize Endogenous vs. Exogenous Activin (2002)

Follistatin-related protein (FSRP) is a new addition to the expanding follistatin (FS)-related gene family whose members contain at least one conserved 10-cysteine follistatin domain. In contrast to other members of this family, FSRP and follistatin also share a common exon/intron domain structure, substantial primary sequence homology, and an ability to irreversibly bind activin. In this study, we further explored the hypothesis that FSRP is a functional as well as structural homologue of FS. N-terminal sequencing of recombinant FSRP revealed that signal peptide cleavage occurs within exon 1, a significant structural difference from FS, in which cleavage occurs at the exon/intron boundary. Solid-phase radioligand competition assays revealed both FS and FSRP to preferentially bind activin with the next closest TGF-beta superfamily member, bone-morphogenic protein-7, being at least 500-fold less potent. Consistent with their similar activin-binding affinities, FSRP and FS both prevented exogenous (endocrine or paracrine) activin from accessing its receptor and inducing gene transcription in bioassays. However, FS was at least 100-fold more potent than FSRP in inhibiting gene transcription and FSH release mediated by endogenously produced (autocrine) activin-A or activin-B in multiple cell systems. Finally, FSRP lacks the heparin-binding sequence found in FS, and we found that it was also unable to bind cell surface heparin sulfated proteoglycans. These findings suggest that structural differences between FSRP and FS may underlie their different neutralizating capabilities with respect to exogenous vs. endogenous activin. Taken together with our previous studies showing that activin binding is essential for FS's biological activity, the differential activities of FSRP and FS further indicate that activin binding is necessary but not sufficient to account for all of FS's actions.
Insulin and Leptin as Adiposity Signals (2004)

There is now considerable consensus that the adipocyte hormone leptin and the pancreatic hormone insulin are important regulators of food intake and energy balance. Leptin and insulin fulfill many of the requirements to be putative adiposity signals to the brain. Plasma leptin and insulin levels are positively correlated with body weight and with adipose mass in particular. Furthermore, both leptin and insulin enter the brain from the plasma. The brain expresses both insulin and leptin receptors in areas important in the control of food intake and energy balance. Consistent with their roles as adiposity signals, exogenous leptin and insulin both reduce food intake when administered locally into the brain in a number of species under different experimental paradigms. Additionally, central administration of insulin antibodies increases food intake and body weight. Recent studies have demonstrated that both insulin and leptin have additive effects when administered simultaneously. Finally, we recently have demonstrated that leptin and insulin share downstream neuropeptide signaling pathways. Hence, insulin and leptin provide important negative feedback signals to the central nervous system, proportional to peripheral energy stores and coupled with catabolic circuits.
Sleep Apnea Detection Based on Thoracic and Abdominal Movement Signals of Wearable Piezoelectric Bands (2016)

Physiologically, the thoracic (THO) and abdominal (ABD) movement signals, captured using wearable piezo-electric bands, provide information about various types of apnea, including central sleep apnea (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the use of piezo-electric wearables in detecting sleep apnea events has been seldom explored in the literature. This study explored the possibility of identifying sleep apnea events, including OSA and CSA, by solely analyzing one or both the THO and ABD signals. An adaptive non-harmonic model was introduced to model the THO and ABD signals, which allows us to design features for sleep apnea events. To confirm the suitability of the extracted features, a support vector machine was applied to classify three categories - normal and hypopnea, OSA, and CSA. According to a database of 34 subjects, the overall classification accuracies were on average 75.9%±11.7% and 73.8%±4.4%, respectively, based on the cross validation. When the features determined from the THO and ABD signals were combined, the overall classification accuracy became 81.8%±9.4%. These features were applied for designing a state machine for online apnea event detection. Two event-byevent accuracy indices, S and I, were proposed for evaluating the performance of the state machine. For the same database, the S index was 84.01%±9.06%, and the I index was 77.21%±19.01%. The results indicate the considerable potential of applying the proposed algorithm to clinical examinations for both screening and homecare purposes.
Seismic Performance of High-Strength Concrete Columns (1998)

This paper presents the experimental results of six scaled high-strength concrete columns with concrete compressive strengths of 76–86 MPa. Primary experimental parameters include axial loads ranging from 10 to 20% of column axial load-carrying capacity based on concrete gross section; longitudinal steel ratios of 2.46 to 3.53% of the gross sectional area; and volumetric ratios of transverse reinforcement ranging from 1.63 to 3.67%. Model columns with transverse reinforcement designed following the seismic provisions of current code developed sufficient ductility, with displacement ductility factors equal to or exceeding 6.0. The model columns designed with 50% of the transverse reinforcement required by current code also developed sufficient ductility when the axial load was 10% of its axial load-carrying capacity. Lateral load-carrying capacities of all the columns exceeded the flexural capacities calculated based on the equivalent concrete stress block used in current design code. Seismic shear strength of high-strength concrete columns was also examined, based on the test results and analytical approaches.
Dynamic Resource Allocation for Efficient Sharing of Services from Heterogeneous Autonomous Vehicles (2016)

A novel dynamic resource allocation model is introduced for efficient sharing of services provided by ad hoc assemblies of heterogeneous autonomous vehicles. A key contribution is the provision of capability to dynamically select sensors and platforms within constraints imposed by time dependencies, refueling, and transportation services. The problem is modeled as a connected network of nodes and formulated as an integer linear program. Solution fitness is prioritized over computation time. Simulation results of an illustrative scenario are used to demonstrate the ability of the model to plan for sensor selection, refueling, collaboration, and cooperation between heterogeneous resources. Prioritization of operational cost leads to missions that use cheaper resources but take longer to complete. Prioritization of completion time leads to shorter missions at the expense of increased overall resource cost. Missions can be successfully replanned through dynamic reallocation of new requests during a mission. Monte Carlo studies on systems of increasing complexity show that good solutions can be obtained using low time resolutions, with small time windows at a relatively low computational cost. In comparison with other approaches, the developed integer linear program model provides best solutions at the expense of longer computation time.