gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene Electrotransfer to Skin; Review of Existing Literature and Clinical Perspectives (2010)

Gene electrotransfer, which designates the combination of gene transfer and electroporation, is a non-viral means for transfecting genes into cells and tissues. It is a safe and efficient method and reports regarding the use of this technique in a variety of animal models and organs have been published in the literature. We find that gene electrotransfer to skin is of particular interest; not only due to the easy accessibility of this organ, which renders both treatment and evaluation feasible, but also the capability of the skin to produce transgenes and elicit immunological responses. Up to now more than 40 papers have been published in which gene electrotransfer was the technique used for gene transfection to skin in vivo. The aim of this review is to summarize which plasmids were injected and the electrical parameters applied. Furthermore an overview of the clinical perspectives of gene electrotransfer to skin will be presented.
Peroxidase Activity in Relation to Plant Height and Seed Yield in Indian Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L. Coss) (1987)

Abstract Peroxidase levels were assayed in 12 genotypes and in 36 F 1 cross progenies of Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea L. Coss) at twelve stages of development, starting from seed germination till seed formation. The levels of peroxidase activity and the coefficient of variation emphasized the role of differential enzyme activity at different stages of development. Genotypes were also evaluated for plant height and seed yield. The correlations of peroxidase activity in 24 h soaked seeds with plant height and seed yield were significantly positive while those of enzyme activity in 45 days old plants with these traits were significantly negative. The study suggests the changing role of enzyme at two critical stages of plant development.
In vitro and in vivo activity of arsenic trioxide in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (2006)

5279 Background. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has activity in vitro against non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and may have a role in patients with indolent lymphomas. The effects of As2O3 on NHL cell lines in vitro and in refractory NHL patients in vivo were investigated. Materials and methods. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) lines (Jeko-1, Granta-519) and follicular lymphoma (FL) lines (DOHH-2, SU-DHL8) were treated with As2O3, alone and with mitoxantrone (MTZ) and ascorbic acid (AA). Consenting patients with refractory NHL (13 MCL, 3 CLL, 2 FL, 2 others) were treated with oral-As2O3 (10 mg/day), AA (1 g/day) and chlorambucil (4 mg/day) as outpatients until refractory (NCI criteria, Cheson 1999). In patients with initial response, vincristine (2mg) and prednisolone (30mg) were added. At maximal response, As2O3 (10 mg) and AA (1 g) was given for two weeks every months. Results. By flow cytometry and MTT assays, As2O3 and MTZ (but not AA) induced a dose dependent apoptosis in both MCL (Jeko > Granta) and FL (SU-DHL>DOHH) lines. Synergistic interactions were observed only in the combinations As2O3 (1 μM) + MTZ (0.2 mg/L) (all lines except Granta), and As2O3 + MTZ + AA (100 μM) (Jeko and SU-DHL only). As2O3-induced apoptosis was associated with a dose and time dependent down-regulation of cyclin D1 protein in MCL lines but not Bcl-2 protein in FL lines. There was no change in cyclin D1 gene transcription, and pre-treatment with lysosome inhibitor (NH4Cl) or proteosome inhibitors (lactacystin and MG132) did not affect the action of As2O3. In both MCL and FL lines, however, As2O3 induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and MAPK proteins via Src dependent pathways (as shown by PP1 inhibition). A total of 20 patients (15 men, 5 women, median age 69 (range 51-70), were treated after 1to 4 relapses with 1 to 6 regimens, at a median of 30 (3 -85) months from diagnosis. Eight patients were off treatment (4 MCL: 2 early deaths/ 2 NR, 3 CLL NR, 1 diffuse large cell lymphoma NR). At a median follow up of 8 (1 - 23) months, 5 MCL cases reached CR/ probable CR (CRu), while others are in partial remission (4 MCL) or stable disease (2FL, 1 lymphoplasmacytoid NHL) . Conclusion. As2O3 induced apoptosis of MCL cells by post-transcription down-regulation of cyclin D1 and also has activity in other low grade lymphomas via undetermined mechanisms. Synergistic interactions were observed with AA and cytotoxics. Oral, outpatient As2O3, AA and chlorambucil combination is active for relapsed and refractory NHL.
The PduM Protein Is a Structural Component of the Microcompartments Involved in Coenzyme B<sub>12</sub>-Dependent 1,2-Propanediol Degradation by Salmonella enterica (2012)

Diverse bacteria use proteinaceous microcompartments (MCPs) to optimize metabolic pathways that have toxic or volatile intermediates. MCPs consist of metabolic enzymes encased within a protein shell that provides a defined environment. In Salmonella enterica, a MCP is involved in B(12)-dependent 1,2-propanediol utilization (Pdu MCP). In this report, we show that the protein PduM is required for the assembly and function of the Pdu MCP. The results of tandem mass spectrometry and Western blot analyses show that PduM is a component of the Pdu MCP. Electron microscopy shows that a pduM deletion mutant forms MCPs with abnormal morphology. Growth tests and metabolite measurements establish that a pduM deletion mutant is unable to form functional MCPs. PduM is unrelated in sequence to proteins of known function and hence may represent a new class of MCP structural proteins. We also report a modified protocol for the purification of Pdu MCP from Salmonella which allows isolation of milligram amounts of MCPs in about 4 h. We believe that this protocol can be extended or modified for the purification of MCPs from diverse bacteria.
Synthesis of 1-Substituted-phytosphingosine : Novel Protection of Phytosphingosine (2003)

Medicinal Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yusong, Daejeon 305-600, KoreaReceived December 13, 2002Key Words : Phytosphingosine, 1-Substituted-phytosphingosine, Phytosphingosine 1-phosphate, Sphin-gosine, Cyclic carbonatePhytosphingosine, one of the major sphingosine deriva-tives was found in microorganisms, yeast, plants, and fungias a major membrane component, and also found in manymammalian tissues
Notes on the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the Canary Islands (1965)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Allergenic activity of cat and dog skin fractions obtained by Sephadex gel filtration (1973)

Summary Allergens derived from domestic mammals have been investigated by subjecting extracts of cat and dog skin to Sephadex gel filtration and assessing the activity of the eluted fractions by skin tests in appropriate allergic subjects. A certain heterogeneity of allergenic activity occurred and minor allergens, with an estimated molecular weight greater than 70,000, were found which showed activity in patients highly sensitive to cat and dog serum proteins. The major allergens of both mammalian skin extracts were eluted in similar positions between protein markers of 24,000 and 67,000 molecular weight.
Using geographic information systems (GIS) for UAV landings and UGV navigation (2011)

Unmanned air and ground platforms are not currently designed to process contextual information (e.g., land use, building types and time of day) to assist in landing and navigation. Instead, a human operator often provides manually-gathered and synthesized contextual input through control commands. This paper describes research that explores the integration of geographic information system (GIS) data with sensor data to enable (1) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to locate safe emergency landing locations without operator intervention, and (2) unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) to incorporate contextual GIS information for navigation. Informal evaluation of the system revealed the potential to impact navigation and emergency landings through the additional contextual information provided.
Virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters of<i>Haemophilus parasuis</i>are antigenic proteins expressed in vivo (2009)

Glässer's disease is a re-emerging swine disease characterized by a severe septicaemia. Vaccination has been widely used to control the disease, although there is a lack of extended cross-protection. Trimeric autotransporters, a family of surface exposed proteins implicated in host-pathogen interactions, are good vaccine candidates. Members of this family have been described in Haemophilus parasuis and designated as virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters (VtaA). In this work, we produced 15 recombinant VtaA passenger domains and looked for the presence of antibodies directed against them in immune sera by immunoblotting. After infection with a subclinical dose of H. parasuis Nagasaki, an IgG mediated antibody response against 6 (VtaA1, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10) of the 13 VtaA of the Nagasaki strain was detected, indicating that they are expressed in vivo. IgA production against VtaA was detected in only one animal. VtaA were more likely to be late antigens when compared to early (Omp P5 and Omp P6) and late (YaeT) defined antigens. Antibody cross-reaction with two orthologs of Nagasaki's VtaA5 and 6, VtaA15 and 16 of strain HP1319, was also detected. No antibodies against VtaA were detected in the sera of animals immunized with a bacterin of the Nagasaki strain, suggesting poor expression in the in vitro conditions used. Taken together, these results indicate that VtaA are good candidate immunogens that could be used to improve H. parasuis vaccines. However, their capacity to confer protective immunity needs to be further studied.
An Improved Echo Shaping Algorithm For Acoustic Echo Control (1996)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Trieste, Italy, 1996
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition prevents delayed death of CA1 hippocampal neurons following global ischemia (1998)

The inducible isoform of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) is an immediate early gene induced by synaptic activity in the brain. COX2 activity is an important mediator of inflammation, but it is not known whether COX2 activity is pathogenic in brain. To study the role of COX2 activity in ischemic injury in brain, expression of COX2 mRNA and protein and the effect of treatment with a COX2 inhibitor on neuronal survival in a rat model of global ischemia were determined. Expression of both COX2 mRNA and protein was increased after ischemia in CA1 hippocampal neurons before their death. There was increased survival of CA1 neurons in rats treated with the COX2-selective inhibitor SC58125 [1-[(4-methylsulfonyl) phenyl]-3-trifluoro-methyl-5-[(4-fluoro)phenyl] pyrazole] before or after global ischemia compared with vehicle controls. Furthermore, hippocampal prostaglandin E2 concentrations 24 h after global ischemia were decreased in drug-treated animals compared with vehicle-treated controls. These results suggest that COX2 activity contributes to CA1 neuronal death after global ischemia.
<i>CPS1</i> , a Homolog of the <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Type 3 Polysaccharide Synthase Gene, Is Important for the Pathobiology of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> (2006)

The polysaccharide capsule is known to be the major factor required for the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. We have cloned and characterized a gene, designated CPS1, that encodes a protein containing a glycosyltransferase moiety and shares similarity with the type 3 polysaccharide synthase encoded by the cap3B gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cps1p also shares similarity with hyaluronan synthase of higher eukaryotes. Deletion of the CPS1 gene from a serotype D strain of C. neoformans resulted in a slight reduction of the capsule size as observed by using an India ink preparation. The growth at 37 degrees C was impaired, and the ability to associate with human brain endothelial cells in vitro was also significantly reduced by the deletion of CPS1. Using site-specific mutagenesis, we showed that the conserved glycosyltransferase domains are critical for the ability of the strain to grow at elevated temperatures. A hyaluronan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method demonstrated that CPS1 is important for the synthesis of hyaluronan or its related polysaccharides in C. neoformans. Comparisons between the wild-type and the cps1Delta strains, using three different transmission electron microscopic methods, indicated that the CPS1 gene product is involved in the composition or maintenance of an electron-dense layer between the outer cell wall and the capsule. These and the virulence studies in a mouse model suggested that the CPS1 gene is important in the pathobiology of C. neoformans.
The Optimization of Sizing and Topology Design for Drilling Machine by Genetic Algorithms (1997)

Recently, Genetic Algorithm(GA), which is a stochastic direct search strategy that mimics the process of genetic evolution, is widely adapted into a search procedure for structural optimization. Contrast to traditional optimal design techniques which use design sensitivity analysis results, GA is very simple in their algorithms and there is no need of continuity of functions(or functionals) any more in GA. So, they can be easily applicable to wide area of design optimization problems. Also, owing to multi-point search procedure, they have higher porbability of convergence to global optimum compared to traditional techniques which take one-point search method. The methods consist of three genetics opera- tions named selection, crossover and mutation. In this study, a method of finding the omtimum size and topology of drilling machine is proposed by using the GA, For rapid converge to optimum, elitist survival model,roulette wheel selection with limited candidates, and multi-point shuffle cross-over method are adapted. And pseudo object function, which is the combined form of object function and penalty function, is used to include constraints into fitness function. GA shows good results of weight reducing effect and convergency in optimal design of drilling machine.
Computed Tomography of Endometriosis (1983)

Six examples of pelvic masses due to endometriosis were detected by computed tomography (CT) in a group of women aged 30-43. Lower abdominal or pelvic pain was the chief complaint in four cases. The ileum and rectosigmoid were routinely opacified with contrast material prior to examination. Endometriosis exhibited a variety of findings including a constricting rectosigmoid mass, a lesion of the pelvic side wall, bowel wall implants, and posthysterectomy pelvic masses. There was no standard CT density; the lesion near the pelvic side wall appeared solid, one cul-de-sac mass appeared solid, and a second had a mixed cystic and solid appearance. Discrete adnexal endometriosis appeared as thick-walled cystic masses (two cases) or as a simple cyst (one case). Bowel wall involvement and the pelvic side wall lesion were not successfully identified by ultrasound. It is concluded that CT can play a role in the diagnosis of endometriosis.
Plant-parasitic Nematodes in Iowa (1989)

Ninety-nine species of plant-parasitic nematodes are recorded from Iowa. Twenty-seven are new state records. Most samples were collected from around maize or from prairies or woodlands. Similarity (Sorensen's index) of species was highest for the maize-prairie habitats (0.49), compared with maize-woodlands (0. 23), or prairie-woodland (0. 3 7) habitats. Nematode communities were most diverse in prairies with a Shannon-Weiner index (H') of 2.74, compared with 1.65 and 1.07 for woodlands and maize habitats, respectively. Evenness of species (J') was 0.41, 0.78, and 0.48 for maize, prairies, and woodlands, respectively.
NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways collaboratively link inflammation to cancer (2013)

Although links between cancer and inflammation were firstly proposed in the nineteenth century, the molecular mechanism has not yet been clearly understood. Epidemiological studies have identified chronic infections and inflammation as major risk factors for various types of cancer. NF-κB transcription factors and the signaling pathways are central coordinators in innate and adaptive immune responses. STAT3 regulates the expression of a variety of genes in response to cellular stimuli, and thus plays a key role in cell growth and apoptosis. Recently, roles of NF-κB and STAT3 in colon, gastric and liver cancers have been extensively investigated. The activation and interaction between STAT3 and NF-κB play vital roles in control of the communication between cancer cells and inflammatory cells. NF-κB and STAT3 are two major factors controlling the ability of pre-neoplastic and malignant cells to resist apoptosis-based tumor-surveillance and regulating tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of NF-κB and STAT3 cooperation in cancer will offer opportunities for the design of new chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic approaches.
A Reconfigurable Cache for Efficient Use of Tag RAM as Scratch-Pad Memory (2018)

The cache memory has been a predominant component in modern chips, easily taking up more than 50% of the silicon area. It is then desirable to make the cache memory flexible for different needs. Therefore, many modern processor chips allow users to configure a part of the cache memory as the scratch-pad memory (SPM), a high-speed internal memory for rapid data access. However, such approach uses only the data RAM of the cache memory while leaving the tag RAM unused and thus wasting its capacity. This paper presents a cache organization, called Tag-SPM architecture, which allows the tag RAM to be used as the SPM and thus increases its capacity. It is accomplished with small Tag/Data-SPM controllers and four additional multiplexers in the cache organization. The proposed Tag-SPM architecture has been implemented with an academic ARM-based microprocessor with 4-/4-kB four-way set-associative instruction/data caches at the register transfer level level. Experiments show that the proposed architecture boosts the SPM capacity by 12.5% and requires only 0.08% area (434 gates) overhead without impairing the cache's circuit speed in TSMC's 90-nm standard cell implementation. Furthermore, the power overhead is negligible. When the Tag-SPM architecture is applied to typical cache systems, such as in ARM's Cortex-A5 and Cortex-A53 processors, additional 12.5% SPM space per way can also be gained in both cases. The analyses show that our Tag-SPM architecture is a highly cost-effective way to boost the SPM space.
Carbon encapsulated nanoparticles of Ni, Co, Cu, and Ti (1998)

Despite intensive research on the encapsulation of metal nanoparticles into carbon clusters deposited by arc discharge, the detailed pathways of the formation of these novel forms of materials remain unclear. The growth of a rich variety of morphologies is not well understood. Studies are reported here on the growth phenomena of different metals encapsulated into carbon cages that emphasize the effect of carbon and metal supply on the size of particles. Post-deposition annealing was introduced as a process that induces structural rearrangements, and thus enables changes in morphologies. A set of carbon encapsulated Ni, Co, Cu, and Ti particles were prepared by an arc discharge process modified in the geometry of the anode and flow pattern of helium or methane gas. The samples were then annealed under flowing argon gas. Three annealing temperatures were used (600, 900, and 1100 °C). Samples were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Particles made under the same experimental conditions are of roughly the same size. When the supply of metal in the reactor space was increased by using a larger diameter of the metal pool, the average diameter of the particles is bigger than those of produced from the smaller metal pool. The thickness of the carbon cages of Ni and Co particles increased during the annealing. The carbon cages of Cu particles, however, did not change their thickness, while some carbon coatings of Ti particles disappeared under annealing. This suggests that the addition of layers for the Ni and Co cages results from a precipitation of carbon previously dissolved in the metal, while the much lower solubility of C in Cu prevents this possibility. The Ti of high reactivity, on the other hand, may further react with the available carbon under annealing to form TiC. It is suggested that annealing provides additional thermal energy that makes structural re-arrangement possible long after the initial deposition process was terminated. This may explain the rich variety of morphologies of deposit obtained at different locations of the reaction chamber.
Enhancements in vehicle stability with yaw moment control via differential braking (2009)

A new yaw moment control algorithm with differential braking control is presented in this paper. The proposed controller utilizes the anti-lock braking system (ABS) to apply differential braking between the right and left wheels to generate the yaw moment. A fuzzy logic based ABS controller is also designed. As the vehicle side-slip angle can not be measured under reasonable cost, a nonlinear observer is introduced to give precise estimation in real time. Experimental tests on a commercial vehicle are conducted to evaluate both the side-slip angle observer and proposed control algorithm. Detailed experimental results show that the observer can give good estimation and the proposed system can improve vehicle stability for active safety purpose.
Energy Modulated Photon Radiotherapy: A Monte Carlo Feasibility Study (2016)

A novel treatment modality termed energy modulated photon radiotherapy (EMXRT) was investigated. The first step of EMXRT was to determine beam energy for each gantry angle/anatomy configuration from a pool of photon energy beams (2 to 10 MV) with a newly developed energy selector. An inverse planning system using gradient search algorithm was then employed to optimize photon beam intensity of various beam energies based on presimulated Monte Carlo pencil beam dose distributions in patient anatomy. Finally, 3D dose distributions in six patients of different tumor sites were simulated with Monte Carlo method and compared between EMXRT plans and clinical IMRT plans. Compared to current IMRT technique, the proposed EMXRT method could offer a better paradigm for the radiotherapy of lung cancers and pediatric brain tumors in terms of normal tissue sparing and integral dose. For prostate, head and neck, spine, and thyroid lesions, the EMXRT plans were generally comparable to the IMRT plans. Our feasibility study indicated that lower energy (<6 MV) photon beams could be considered in modern radiotherapy treatment planning to achieve a more personalized care for individual patient with dosimetric gains.
Autoguide-route guidance in the United Kingdom (2003)

Autoguide is the name given in the UK to in-vehicle route guidance systems which are dynamic, i.e. give routeing recommendations to drivers on the basis of real-time traffic conditions. The authors outline the basic principles of the Autoguide system, describe how it is used by a driver, and give an overview of progress. Current work includes the development of a large-scale pilot system, building upon the success of the earlier London demonstration scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A three-layer model of an amorphous microwire (2010)

A theory of a three-layer model for an amorphous microwire is studied. The obtained theoretical results are confirmed by an experiment. For a more precise comparison of the theory with the experiment, a series of experimental measurements is needed, which are also discussed in the paper.