gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Prolonged Oxidation on Semiconducting Properties of Titanium Dioxide (2008)

The present work reports the effects of prolonged oxidation of titanium dioxide on its semiconducting properties at elevated temperatures. The studies were performed by using simultaneous measurements of both electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power during oxidation at 1123 and 1323 K in the gas phase of controlled oxygen activity, p(O2) = 75 kPa. The effects of oxidation on these electrical properties are considered in terms of a change in the concentration of titanium vacancies, which are formed during oxidation. It is shown that the increase in the concentration of titanium vacancies results in a change of semiconducting properties, including the following: (1) The shift of the n−p transition point toward lower values of oxygen activity. This shift results in an increase of the oxygen activity regime in which TiO2 exhibits p-type properties. (2) Increase of the ionic electrical conductivity component. (3) Increase of the mobility terms for electrons and decrease of the mobility of electron holes. It is shown that the band gap of TiO2 is 3.1 eV and remains independent of the concentration of titanium vacancies. The data reported in this work may be used for processing TiO2 with controlled semiconducting properties. These data also pave the way for the processing of undoped TiO2 that exhibits p-type properties without the need to incorporate acceptor-type foreign ions.
Myoclonus and Parkinsonism (1986)

We have observed three patients in whom the onset of parkinsonian signs was clinically associated with myoclonic movements. In each case, the parkinsonian signs were relatively mild and myoclonus was the major abnormality. The presentation of these three unusual cases within 1 year may be coincidental or may reflect a common pathogenetic mechanism. Adrenocorticotropic hormone was given to all three patients. It ameliorated the myoclonus in two patients but had no effect on the third.
Induced expression and functional effects of aquaporin-1 in human leukocytes in sepsis (2013)

Aquaporin-1 is induced in leukocytes of patients with ICU-acquired sepsis and exhibits higher expression in septic shock. This phenomenon may be due to LPS-triggered NF-κB activation that can also lead to alterations in plasma membrane permeability.
Characterization and design for variability and reliability (2008)

Device variability due to sub-wavelength lithography, layout complexity, and random effects is impacting manufacturable design. Defects, aging, and noise must also be accounted for in design and manufacturing. Characterization structures to quantify these effects, measured behaviors, the resulting models, and design and tools mitigation actions are presented in this paper.
Community Care and the Law (2000)

This article focuses on the legal issues arising from the Health Act 1999 and the Local Government Act 1999 (both in force from 1 April 2000), particularly in relation to the governance of partnership arrangements and the commissioning of internal and external services under best value.
Computational Study of Spin-Torque Oscillator Interactions for Non-Boolean Computing Applications (2013)

We present a bottom-up approach for building non-Boolean signal processing devices from coupled spin-torque oscillators (STOs). We use micromagnetic simulations to study frequency-locking properties of electrically connected out-of plane magnetized STOs. After developing and verifying compact models for interacting STOs, we show that the frequency locking of STOs exhibits associative properties. Coupled STO networks therefore may be used as building blocks of non-Boolean pattern matching circuitry.
Simple randomized algorithms for tractable row and tree convex constraints (2006)

We identify tractable classes of constraints based on the following simple property of a constraint: “At every infeasible point, there exist two directions such that with respect to any other feasible point, moving along at least one of these two directions decreases a certain distance metric to it”. We show that connected row convex (CRC) constraints, arc-consistent consecutive tree convex (ACCTC) constraints, etc fit this characterization, and are therefore amenable to extremely simple polynomial-time randomized algorithms—the complexities of which are shown to be much less than that of the corresponding (known) deterministic algorithms and the (generic) lower bounds for establishing path-consistency. On a related note, we also provide a simple polynomial-time deterministic algorithm for finding tree embeddings of variable domains (if they exist) for establishing tree convexity in pathconsistent networks.
Nanoporous Au−Pt Alloys As Large Strain Electrochemical Actuators (2009)

Nanoporous Au-Pt alloys with pore- and ligament size down to few nanometers were fabricated by dealloying Ag-Au-Pt. Owing to the small structure size and large specific surface area, the surface stress and its variation give rise to significant stress and strain in the bulk of these materials. In fact, dilatometry experiments find electrochemical actuation with large reversible strain amplitude. The linear strain reaches approximately 1.3% and strain energy density is up to 6.0 MJ/m(3). The associated stresses may approach the elastic limit of the alloy.
Foreword (2017)

Popular music education has come of age. This volume stands as one of the first major testaments to that maturation process. Its 60 contributing authors together represent research from a wide and varied range of localities, nations and cultures, adopting an equally diverse set of research methods and theoretical perspectives. There has always been and will always be music – whether it is labelled popular or anything else – outside of schools, universities, instrumental teaching studios and other educational institutions. There will, therefore, always be ways of passing on music which occur relatively or completely independently of such institutions. Thank goodness. But what these authors have shown, collectively, is just how much can be gained by bringing all kinds of popular music into the educational field. They’ve also shown what a complicated, challenging and controversial operation that is.
Combining MBMS and IEEE 802.21 for on-the-road emergency (2008)

Recent evolution of intelligent vehicles features the large scale emergence and introduction of multimode mobile terminals, with the capability to simultaneously or sequentially attach to conceptually different access networks. To cope with this, they require some abstracted framework for their management and control, especially in the case of intelligent selection between the various heterogeneous accesses. A solution to this issue, the Media Independent Handover Services, is being standardized as the IEEE 802.21. This draft standard has been studied and applied to the case of a B3G operator networks as a research topic in the EU-funded project Daidalos in order to enable seamless operation between heterogeneous technologies. This paper focuses on the seamless integration of broadcast technologies, in particular UMTS/MBMS networks, in the case when emergency information has to be delivered to a large number of mobile users. It describes an extension to the 802.21 framework which enables the dynamic selection and allocation of multicast resources and thus the efficient usage of the radio resources. The UMTS access is developed in the experimental software radio platform of EURECOM, and provides a direct interconnection with an IPv6 core network, very close to the current LTE direction of the 3GPP. We describe here the additional Media Independent Handover primitives and how they are mapped to trigger the control of multicast (MBMS) resources in the UMTS network. This paper is introduced by the account of an on-the-road emergency situation, written as a showcase of the work performed in the EU FP6 research project DAIDALOS.
Analysis of oil and meal from<i>Lesquerella fendleri</i> seed (1990)

Attention is being focused on Lesquerella species as a source of hydroxy acids to replace imported castor oil. Genetic and agronomic improvement and utilization of the seed oil and meal are being studies. We have conducted laboratory experiments to extract oil from L. fendleri seed in preparation for extracting large quantities of seed. L. fendleri is a member of the Cruciferae family, and when seeds are crushed glucosinolates release isothiocyanates by the action of a thioglucosidase enzyme system. Therefore, our experiments included moist heat treatment of whole seeds to inactivate this enzyme. The seed was then flaked in a Wolf mill, and the flakes were exhaustively extracted with hexane. The oil was degummed and bleached, and then analyzed for hydroxyl (103), saponification (174), and iodine values (107), and for unsaponifiables (1.5%), FFA (1.13%) and P (10 ppm) contents. Hydroxy fatty acids, 55% lesquerolic (14‐hydroxy‐ cis ‐11‐eicosenoic) and 3% auricolic (14‐hydroxy‐ cis ‐11, cis ‐17‐eicosadienoic), and total fatty acid distribution were determined by gas chromatography of the methyl esters. The defatted meal was analyzed for residual oil (1%), protein (29.8%), non‐protein nitrogen (0.7%), ash (6.45%). crude fiber (12.9%), and for distribution of amino acids. Defatted L. fendleri meal has an excellent distribution of amino acids, including favorable levels of lysine, methionine and threonine compared with soybean meal.
Conserved CXCR4 usage and enhanced replicative capacity of HIV-2/287, an isolate highly pathogenic in Macaca nemestrina (2001)

Results indicate that the adaptation of HIV-2 EHO in M. nemestrina to a highly pathogenic virus HIV-2/287 is not correlated with a shift in or an expansion of coreceptor usage, but with the acquisition of an ability to overcome restrictions for growth in macaque PBMC.
Finasteride-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles: Near-infrared quantification of plasma and prostate levels (2017)

Finasteride is an orally active testosterone 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia as a surgical alternative. The aim of this work was to improve finasteride levels in plasma and prostate through the formulation of biodegradable finasteride nanoparticles and to quantify finasteride levels using near-infrared application. Finasteride nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method utilizing the biodegradable polymers poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) and poly-ϵ-caprolactone. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. The selected finasteride-biodegradable formula was examined in vivo, and both plasma and prostate levels of finasteride were quantified utilizing near-infrared technique. Results revealed that the prepared finasteride nanoparticles size range was from 231 ± 78 to 956 ± 224 nm with finasteride–poly-ϵ-caprolactone nanoparticles showing larger particle sizes compared with finasteride–poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. The encapsulation efficiency ranged from 68.89% ± 2.99% to 99.15% ± 4.32%. The selected formula of finasteride nanoparticles showed improved levels of finasteride in both plasma and prostate of the investigated rats. The realization of sustained release of biodegradable finasteride nanoparticles for possible oral or parenteral application could improve the activity of the drug for sustaining release time with lower dosing recurrence that improves patient compliance.
Effect of Linker for Immobilization of Glutathione on BSA-Assembled Controlled Pore Glass Beads (2004)

Controlled pore glass bead was modified with bovine serum albumin (BSA), and glutathione (GSH) was immobilized through three kinds of linkers on top of BSA. Bis(3-sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide suberate) sodium salt <TEX>$(BS^3)$</TEX>, N-hydroxysuccinimide 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP), or N-hydroxysuccinimide 4-maleimidobutyrate (GMBS) was introduced into the BSA-bound matrix. Subsequently, GSH was immobilized by addition of thiol side chain into the maleimido moiety, replacing a disulfide group, or formation of an amide group upon releasing 3-sulfo-N-hydroxysuccimide group. It was observed that conjugation methodology played a critical role for activity of the immobilized GSH. SDS-PAGE chromatogram showed that the matrix of glutathione immobilized on BSA through GMBS manifested high selectivity towards glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in cell lysate.
Intrinsic stress in silicon nitride and silicon dioxide films prepared by various deposition techniques (2003)

Summary form only given. The mechanical stress caused by silicon nitride and silicon dioxide films on
Increasing Dissolution Rates of Poorly Soluble Drugs by Adsorption to Montnorillonith (1980)

The surface adsorption of griseofulvin, indomethacin and prednisone to colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate was shown to markedly improve the dissolution rates of there hydrophobic and party soluble drugs. The rapid release of drug from the surface of the clay was due to the weak physical bonding between the two materials and to the swelling of the clay in aqueous media. The hydrophilic and swelling properties of the montmorillonite clay in aqueous media also helped to facilitate the wetting of hydro-phobic drug substances. The equilibrating solvents employed in the preparation of the griseofulvin-clay adsorbates caused a significant variance in the dissolution profiles of griseofulvin. This did not occur with indomethacin. Dramatic increases in dissolution rates were seen with the prednisone adsorbates and 100 percent of the drug was present in solution from the 1:4 ad-sorbate after four minutes.
Functional Coupling between Replication and Packaging of Poliovirus Replicon RNA (1999)

Poliovirus RNA genomes that contained deletions in the capsid-coding regions were synthesized in monkey kidney cells that constitutively expressed T7 RNA polymerase. These replication-competent subgenomic RNAs, or replicons (G. Kaplan and V. R. Racaniello, J. Virol. 62:1687-1696, 1988), were encapsidated in trans by superinfecting polioviruses. When superinfecting poliovirus resistant to the antiviral compound guanidine was used, the RNA replication of the replicon RNAs could be inhibited independently of the RNA replication of the guanidine-resistant helper virus. Inhibiting the replication of the replicon RNA also profoundly inhibited its trans-encapsidation, even though the capsid proteins present in the cells could efficiently encapsidate the helper virus. The observed coupling between RNA replication and RNA packaging could account for the specificity of poliovirus RNA packaging in infected cells and the observed effects of mutations in the coding regions of nonstructural proteins on virion morphogenesis. It is suggested that this coupling results from direct interactions between the RNA replication machinery and the capsid proteins. The coupling of RNA packaging to RNA replication and of RNA replication to translation (J. E. Novak and K. Kirkegaard, Genes Dev. 8:1726-1737, 1994) could serve as mechanisms for late proofreading of poliovirus RNA, allowing only those RNA genomes capable of translating a full complement of functional RNA replication proteins to be propagated.
Application of a First Invariant Strain Criterion for Matrix Failure in Composite Materials (2003)

This paper reports an application of the strain invariant failure theory (SIFT) proposed by Gosse to through-thickness failure of composite structures [Gosse, J.H. and Christensen, S. (2001). Strain Invariant Failure Criteria for Polymers in Composite Materials, AIAA-2001-1184]. It includes global 3D finite element analysis on a ply-by-ply basis and the determination of amplification factors for strains in the intrafiber resin and the calculation of thermal residual strain due to manufacturing for intrafiber resin using micromechanical models. The new procedure has been applied to matrix failures for one type of curved beam, two types of I-beam and two types of T-cleat structures. The resulting predictions of the failure loads for both the I-beams and the T-cleats follow experimental trends. The limiting value of the first invariant strain for failure of the resin in the unidirectional tape is 17,000–20,000 ", and in the bidirectional fabric is 26,000–27,000 ".
Multistage MMSE receivers for ultra-wide bandwidth impulse radio communications (2004)

A reduced-rank receiver based on the multi-stage Wiener filter (MSWF) is proposed for multiple-access interference suppression for ultra wideband time-hopping spread spectrum radio in multipath channels. The proposed reduced-rank MSWF receiver provides performance superior to that of the classical RAKE receiver with similar complexity, and comparable to that of the full rank minimum mean squared error receiver with much lower complexity. The reduced rank MWSF also offers improved tracking performance in the presence of time-varying channels. Simulation and theoretical results confirm that the reduced rank scheme achieves a comparable output SINR to that of the full-rank scheme employing only 1/50th of the full-rank dimension. The superior tracking behavior of the reduced rank MWSF is also demonstrated.
Actual Versus Estimated Utility Factor of a Large Set of Privately Owned Chevrolet Volts (2014)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to determine the overall fuel economy of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), the amount of operation in charge depleting (CD) versus charge sustaining modes must be determined. Mode of operation is predominantly dependent on customer usage of the vehicle and is therefore highly variable. The utility factor (UF) concept was developed to quantify the distance a group of vehicles has traveled or may travel in CD mode. SAE J2841 presents a UF calculation method based on data collected from travel surveys of conventional vehicles. UF estimates have been used in a variety of areas, including the calculation of window sticker fuel economy, policy decisions, and vehicle design determination.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The EV Project, a plug-in electric vehicle charging infrastructure demonstration being conducted across the United States, provides the opportunity to determine the real-world UF of a large group of privately owned Chevrolet Volt extended range electric vehicles. Using data collected from Volts enrolled in The EV Project, this paper compares the real-world UF of two groups of Chevrolet Volts to estimated UF's based on J2841.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The actual observed fleet utility factors (FUF) for the MY2011/2012 and MY2013 Volt groups studied were observed to be 72% and 74%, respectively. Using the EPA CD ranges, the method prescribed by J2841 estimates a FUF of 65% and 68% for the MY2011/2012 and MY2013 Volt groups, respectively. Volt drivers achieved higher percentages of distance traveled in EV mode for two reasons. First, they had fewer long-distance travel days than drivers in the national travel survey referenced by J2841. Second, they charged more frequently than the J2841 assumption of once per day - drivers of Volts in this study averaged over 1.4 charging events per day. Although actual CD range varied widely as driving conditions varied, the average CD ranges for the two Volt groups studied matched the EPA CD range estimates, so CD range variation did not affect FUF results.</div></div>
Use of molecular markers for oil palm breeding. II: Use of DNA markers (RFLPs) (1993)

L'utilisation des marqueurs de l'ADN (surtout les RFLP) s'est generalisee de plusieurs facons dans le domaine des sciences vegetales, en particulier par les empreintes genetiques, l'analyse du genome et, plus recemment, l'identification de marqueurs lies a des caracteres interessants pour la selection. Nous exploitons de tels systemes de marqueurs de l'ADN depuis six ans sur le palmier a huile. Les premieres recherches ont porte sur la verification de la conformite de clones obtenus par culture in vitro, par rapport aux palmiers selectionnes d'origine (empreintes genetiques). Pour ce faire nous avons choisi des marqueurs de l'ADN qui mettent en evidence des niveaux importants de polymorphisme, dont une sonde (pOPg54) qui genere au moins 50 profils electrophoretiques distincts parmi 124 genotypes [...]
Robo-Blocks (2012)

Research on engaging young children in computer programming to develop high-level cognitive skills has suggested that debugging is among the most important actions leading to the development of logical thinking, problem solving, and social interaction skills. Although there have been a significant amount of studies done in this area, the debugging tools and techniques have been developed only as models and instructional methodologies outside of the tool itself. This work presents the design and analysis of debugging abilities embedded into a tangible programming system called Robo-Blocks. Students create a program by connecting physical command blocks, which then wirelessly controls the motion of a floor robot. Debugging is achieved by allowing children to run their program in a step-by-step manner and use passive objects to recognize and identify problems.
Crown ether catalyzed deuterium exchange in the synthesis of benzyl cyanides (1987)

Abstract Nucleophilic substitution of benzyl‐type chlorides with cyanide ion in deuterochloroform, deuteroacetonitrile or deuterobenzene catalyzed by 18‐crown‐6 results in the introduction of deuterium onto the benzyl carbon. Benzyl cyanides are labelled by refluxing with cyanide ion and crown ether in deutero solvent. Two such exchanges in deuterochloroform produced greater than 90% incorporation. Side‐chain labelled phenyl‐ethylamine, tryptamine and m ‐ and p ‐tyramine were synthesized in this way.
Patch antennas on a spherical body (1991)

The far field radiation patterns of wrap-around, circular disk and annular ring microstrip patch antennas mounted on a sphere are studied theoretically. The patches are replaced by equivalent magnetic currents based on cavity model theory. The radiation fields are then determined using the modal expansion technique in spherical co-ordinates. Results for a wraparound antenna of a half-wavelength in width, for the broadside TM11 mode of a circular disk antenna and for the TM11 and TM12 modes of an annular ring antenna are given. The accuracy of the simple theory is confirmed by a more rigorous but complicated theoretical approach based on electric surface current model.
Neural circuits and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate the cholinergic regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and nicotine dependence (2019)

Midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons are governed by an endogenous cholinergic system, originated in the mesopontine nuclei. Nicotine hijacks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and interferes with physiological function of the cholinergic system. In this review, we describe the anatomical organization of the cholinergic system and the key nAChR subtypes mediating cholinergic regulation of DA transmission and nicotine reward and dependence, in an effort to identify potential targets for smoking intervention. Cholinergic modulation of midbrain DA systems relies on topographic organization of mesopontine cholinergic projections, and activation of nAChRs in midbrain DA neurons. Previous studies have revealed that α4, α6, and β2 subunit-containing nAChRs expressed in midbrain DA neurons and their terminals in the striatum regulate firings of midbrain DA neurons and activity-dependent dopamine release in the striatum. These nAChRs undergo modification upon chronic nicotine exposure. Clinical investigation has demonstrated that partial agonists of these receptors elevate the success rate of smoking cessation relative to placebo. However, further investigations are required to refine the drug targets to mitigate unpleasant side-effects.