gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Temperature and Pressure on the Lethality of Ultrasound (1998)

A specially designed resistometer was constructed, and the lethal effect on Yersinia enterocolitica of ultrasonic waves (UW) at different static pressures (manosonication [MS]) and of combined heat-UW under pressure treatments (manothermosonication [MTS]) was investigated. During MS treatments at 30 degrees C and 200 kPa, the increase in the amplitude of UW of 20 kHz from 21 to 150 mum exponentially decreased decimal reduction time values (D(MS)) from 4 to 0.37 min. When pressure was increased from 0 to 600 kPa at a constant amplitude (150 mum) and temperature (30 degrees C), D(MS) values decreased from 1.52 to 0.20 min. The magnitude of this decrease in D(MS) declined progressively as pressure was increased. The influence of pressure on D(MS) values was greater with increased amplitude of UW. Pressure alone of as much as 600 kPa did not influence the heat resistance of Y. enterocolitica (D(60) = 0.094; z = 5.65). At temperatures of as much as 58 degrees C, the lethality of UW under pressure was greater than that of heat treatment alone at the same temperature. At higher temperatures, this difference disappeared. Heat and UW under pressure seemed to act independently. The lethality of MTS treatments appeared to result from the added effects of UW under pressure and the lethal effect of heat. The individual contributions of heat and of UW under pressure to the total lethal effect of MTS depended on temperature. The inactivating effect of UW was not due to titanium particles eroded from the sonication horn. The addition to the MS media of cysteamine did not increase the resistance of Y. enterocolitica to MS treatment. MS treatment caused cell disruption.
Silicon Nanopillars As a Platform for Enhanced Fluorescence Analysis (2013)

The importance of fluorescent detection in many fields is well established. While advancements in instrumentation and the development of brighter fluorophore have increased sensitivity and lowered the detection limits of the method, additional gains can be made by manipulating the local electromagnetic field. Herein we take advantage of silicon nanopillars that exhibit optical resonances and field enhancement on their surfaces and demonstrate their potential in improving performance of biomolecular fluorescent assays. We use electron beam lithography and wafer scale processes to create silicon nanoscale pillars with dimensions that can be tuned to maximize fluorescence enhancement in a particular spectral region. Performance of the nanopillar based fluorescent assay was quantified using two model bioaffinity systems (biotin-streptavidin and immunoglobulin G-antibody) as well as covalent binding of fluorescently tagged bovine serum albumin (BSA). The effects of pillar geometry and number of pillars in arrays were evaluated. Color specific and pillar diameter dependent enhancement of fluorescent signals is clearly demonstrated using green and red labels (FITC, DyLight 488, Alexa 568, and Alexa 596). The ratios of the on pillar to off pillar signals normalized by the nominal increase in surface area due to nanopillars were found to be 43, 75, and 292 for the IgG-antibody assay, streptavidin-biotin system, and covalently attached BSA, respectively. Applicability of the presented approaches to the detection of small numbers of molecules was evaluated using highly diluted labeled proteins and also control experiments without biospecific analytes. Our analysis indicates that detection of fewer than 10 tagged proteins is possible.
Plasma free fatty acid metabolism during storage of platelet concentrates for transfusion (1987)

New containers allow storage of platelet concentrates (PC) at 22 degrees C for up to 7 days, during which glycolytic and oxidative metabolism is vigorous. Recent evidence suggests that 85 percent of adenosine triphosphate regeneration is based on oxidative metabolism and that substrates other than glucose may be used. Because platelets can oxidize free fatty acids (FFA) as a possible source of energy during storage, the authors studied their availability, distribution, and turnover. Plasma FFA concentration was unchanged after 1 day of PC storage but significantly increased on Days 3, 5, and 7. Platelet-free plasma (PFP) stored under the same conditions as PC demonstrated a progressive increase in FFA, suggesting that some of the FFA accumulating in PC were derived from plasma rather than platelets. Indeed, during PC storage, plasma triglycerides decreased significantly, suggesting that they are a possible source of the increased levels of FFA found on Day 3 and thereafter. Thus, PC have a plasma FFA pool available continuously for oxidation during storage. Studies with radiolabeled palmitate suggested that FFA oxidation by platelets occurs during storage. The current findings show that plasma FFA could be a significant substrate for oxidative metabolism during storage of PC and that the oxidized FFA are replenished at least in part from plasma. These results may allow platelet storage to be improved, particularly in synthetic media.
Classification and characterization of stationary phases for liquid chromatography: Part I. Descriptive terminology (IUPAC Recommendations 1997) (1997)

Abstract
Technique for simultaneously multiplying the repetition rate of multiwavelength optical pulse trains (2001)

In this letter, we propose and numerically demonstrate a technique for synchronized multiplication of the repetition rate in multiwavelength optical pulse trains launched over a single fiber. The technique only requires linear reflection of the original signal in a single structure of superimposed chirped in-fiber Bragg gratings, which are specifically designed to provide a suitable group delay dispersion within each wavelength channel. The proposed multiplication process does not affect the individual pulse characteristics (shape and temporal width),and is highly efficient in terms of energy. Our proposal results in very compact structures capable of processing simultaneously a large number of wavelength channels.
Preliminary work on dermatoscopic lesion segmentation (2012)

Dermoscopy has become the primary tool used for pigmented skin lesion diagnosis providing better quality and accurate images. Computer-Assisted Image Interpretation is a new direction that involves the automatical lesion detection, feature extraction and classification (benign or malignant). This paper refers to several prior pre-processing enhancement techniques and an automated segmentation method. We have tested our methods on 60 dermoscopic images and compared the automated segmentation results with dermatologist-determined segmentation using an area percentage error.
Fluorescence study of polyelectrolyte complex formation III: Mobility of probes in microdomains (1991)

Abstract The mobility of fluorescent probe molecules in the microdomains formed by polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) in aqueous solution was investigated by the fluorescence polarization method. The degree of fluorescence polarization (p) for the anthracene (Anth) chromophores attached to anionic polyelectrolytes increased with complexation, indicating the restricted mobility of probe molecules in the PEC microdomains. These p values depended on the properties of added polycations, which were not in parallel with the fluorescence intensities of the Anth chromophores.
Nanocarriers for cancer-targeted drug delivery (2015)

Nanoparticles as drug delivery system have received much attention in recent years, especially for cancer treatment. In addition to improving the pharmacokinetics of the loaded poorly soluble hydrophobic drugs by solubilizing them in the hydrophobic compartments, nanoparticles allowed cancer specific drug delivery by inherent passive targeting phenomena and adopted active targeting strategies. For this reason, nanoparticles-drug formulations are capable of enhancing the safety, pharmacokinetic profiles and bioavailability of the administered drugs leading to improved therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional therapy. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of various nanoparticle formulations in both research and clinical applications with a focus on various chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer. The use of various nanoparticles, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, magnetic and other inorganic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer is detailed.
PointBreak: A Randomized Phase III Study of Pemetrexed Plus Carboplatin and Bevacizumab Followed by Maintenance Pemetrexed and Bevacizumab Versus Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin and Bevacizumab Followed by Maintenance Bevacizumab in Patients With Stage IIIB or IV Nonsquamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2013)

OS did not improve with the PemCBev regimen compared with the PacCBev regimen, although PFS was significantly improved with PemCBev. Toxicity profiles differed; both regimens demonstrated tolerability.
Simultaneous digital imaging analysis of cytosolic calcium and morphological change in platelets activated by surface contact (1996)

The dynamic change of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and morphological change were investigated simultaneously by confocal laser scanning microscopy using fluo-3 and by differential interference contrast optics in platelets activated by contact with the following types of surfaces: native glass and glass treated with poly-L-lysine (PLL), fibrinogen (Fg), or von Willebrand factor (vWF). The initial [Ca2+]i values just after the surface contact were comparable (approximately 100 nM) among platelets deposited on the four surface types. On the PLL-surface, no morphological change or [Ca2+]i elevation was observed. Glass-, Fg-, and vWF-surface adhered platelets showed pseudopod formation and spreading associated with the inhomogeneous [Ca2+]i rise. The platelets on the Fg-surface were the most active in terms of [Ca2+]i rise and morphological change. During pseudopod formation, the mean [Ca2+]i value was maximal and localized high [Ca2+]i zones were observed inside pseudopods, as well as in the center of the platelets. After spreading, high [Ca2+]i zones still remained in the center of the cell. This new technique enabled simultaneous observation of [Ca2+]i and cell shape and we clearly demonstrated a close relationship between [Ca2+]i and morphological alterations. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Examination of four different instruments for measuring blood lactate concentration (2000)

Information on the performance of different instruments used to measure blood lactate concentration is incomplete. We therefore examined instruments from Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI 23L and YSI 1500) and three cheaper and simpler instruments: Dr. Lange's LP8+, Lactate Pro from Arkray in the KDK corporation and Accusport from Boehringer Mannheim. First, a number of blood samples were analysed by standard enzymatic photofluorometry (our reference method) and, in addition, by one or more of the instruments mentioned above. Second, measurements using two or more identical instruments were compared. Third, since Lactate Pro and Accusport are small (approximately 100 g, pocket-size), battery-driven, instruments that could be used for outdoor testing, the performance of these instruments was examined at simulated altitudes (O2 pressure of <10 kPa) and at temperatures below -20 degrees C, while screening the instruments as much as possible from the cold. Most of the different instruments showed systematically too high or too low values (10-25% deviation). The observed differences between instruments may affect the "blood lactate threshold" by 2-5%. We found different readings between "equal" YSI 1500 instruments, while we could see no difference when comparing the other instruments of the same type. Lactate Pro gave reliable results at both -21+/-1 degrees C and at simulated altitude. Accusport gave reliable results in the cold, but 1.85+/-0.08 mmol L(-1) (mean+/-SD) too high readings at the simulated altitude. Of the three simpler instruments examined, the Lactate Pro was at least as good as the YSI instruments and superior to the other two.
Preparation and Properties of Water-borne Polyurethanes (1997)

Following a prepolymer mixing process, polyurethane (PU) anionomer dispersions were prepared from polyethylene adipate glycol (PEA), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) as a potential ionic centre. Effects of prepolymer molecular weight, PEA molecular weight, hard segment content, DMPA content, degree of neutralization and mixed diisocyanates have been studied in terms of particle size and viscosity of emulsion, and surface, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of the emulsion-cast films. Particle size decreased and emulsion viscosity increased with increase in prepolymer molecular weight and PEA molecular weight, DMPA content, the degree of neutralization and IPDI content in mixed isocyanate systems. The decrease in particle size was due to increased chain flexibility and/or hydrophilicity of the PU. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of the PU ionomer dispersions were interpreted in terms of soft segment–hard segment phase separations, hard segment content, chain flexibility and coulombic forces. © of SCI.
Germanium doping of wider-band-gap<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>CuGaSe</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>chalcopyrites: Local and electronic structure (2010)

We present here a complementary study on germanium doping of the wider-band-gap ${\text{CuGaSe}}_{2}$ (CGS) chalcopyrite. In photoluminescence studies, the occurrence of a new emission line was identified as Ge related and explained as a donor-acceptor-pair recombination. The precise role the Ge is playing in this doping of CGS is revealed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy and ab initio calculations based on the density-functional theory. Extended x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) as well as x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy performed at the $\text{Ge}\text{ }K$-, $\text{Cu}\text{ }K$-, and $\text{Ga}\text{ }K$-edge show that the Ge dopants occupy the cationic sites of ${\text{Ge}}_{\text{Cu}}$ or ${\text{Ge}}_{\text{Ga}}$ of the host lattice. The complementary ab initio calculations support the EXAFS results. They further indicate that the incorporated Ge atoms preferentially occupy Ga sites when relaxation around the dopant is taken into account. Additionally, our corresponding theoretical band-structure model predicts the existence of additional localized electronic acceptor and donor defect bands within the band gap of ${\text{CuGaSe}}_{2}$ originating from a strong covalent interaction between $\text{Ge}\text{ }4s$ and $\text{Se}\text{ }4p$ states for Ge atoms tetrahedrally surrounded by the Se nearest-neighbor atoms. A theoretically predicted antibonding $\text{Ge-Se}\text{ }4s{p}^{3}$ defect band appearing well above the Fermi level for the ${\text{Ge}}_{\text{Ga}}^{1+}$ point-defect system can be directly linked to a Ge-dopant-related donor-acceptor-pair transition as observed in our photoluminescence spectra.
La vida cotidiana de La Laguna en la prensa (1998)

El binomio ciudad y comunicacion enmarca ambitos de trabajo muy variados. El proposito del autor es analizar como se refleja la vida cotidiana de la ciudad en la prensa que se edita en el mismo entorno. Las coordenadas de tiempo (siglo XIX) y lugar (La Laguna) no son casuales, pues nos permiten estudiar el tratamiento que la prensa de la epoca le da a la vida cotidiana en un ambito de nacimiento, en el pasado que parece reunir muchos motivos de interes. La Laguna, ciudad con fecha de nacimiento, en el pasado siglo experimento una serie de cambios importantes y muchos de ellos pasan casi inadvertidos por considerarse como aspectos menores para su estudio. La prensa de la epoca nos va a ayudar a formarnos una idea aproximada del acontecer cotidiano en la ciudad.
Pyroglutamate Abeta pathology in APP/PS1KI mice, sporadic and familial Alzheimer’s disease cases (2009)

The presence of Abeta(pE3) (N-terminal truncated Abeta starting with pyroglutamate) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has received considerable attention since the discovery that this peptide represents a dominant fraction of Abeta peptides in senile plaques of AD brains. This was later confirmed by other reports investigating AD and Down's syndrome postmortem brain tissue. Importantly, Abeta(pE3) has a higher aggregation propensity, and stability, and shows an increased toxicity compared to full-length Abeta. We have recently shown that intraneuronal accumulation of Abeta(pE3) peptides induces a severe neuron loss and an associated neurological phenotype in the TBA2 mouse model for AD. Given the increasing interest in Abeta(pE3), we have generated two novel monoclonal antibodies which were characterized as highly specific for Abeta(pE3) peptides and herein used to analyze plaque deposition in APP/PS1KI mice, an AD model with severe neuron loss and learning deficits. This was compared with the plaque pattern present in brain tissue from sporadic and familial AD cases. Abundant plaques positive for Abeta(pE3) were present in patients with sporadic AD and familial AD including those carrying mutations in APP (arctic and Swedish) and PS1. Interestingly, in APP/PS1KI mice we observed a continuous increase in Abeta(pE3) plaque load with increasing age, while the density for Abeta(1-x ) plaques declined with aging. We therefore assume that, in particular, the peptides starting with position 1 of Abeta are N-truncated as disease progresses, and that, Abeta(pE3) positive plaques are resistant to age-dependent degradation likely due to their high stability and propensity to aggregate.
The 2017 Hands in the Million Challenge on 3D Hand Pose Estimation (2017)

We present the 2017 Hands in the Million Challenge, a public competition designed for the evaluation of the task of 3D hand pose estimation. The goal of this challenge is to assess how far is the state of the art in terms of solving the problem of 3D hand pose estimation as well as detect major failure and strength modes of both systems and evaluation metrics that can help to identify future research directions. The challenge follows up the recent publication of BigHand2.2M and First-Person Hand Action datasets, which have been designed to exhaustively cover multiple hand, viewpoint, hand articulation, and occlusion. The challenge consists of a standardized dataset, an evaluation protocol for two different tasks, and a public competition. In this document we describe the different aspects of the challenge and, jointly with the results of the participants, it will be presented at the 3rd International Workshop on Observing and Understanding Hands in Action, HANDS 2017, with ICCV 2017.
Baicalein suppresses metastasis of breast cancer cells by inhibiting EMT via downregulation of SATB1 and Wnt/&beta;-catenin pathway (2016)

Our results demonstrate that baicalein has the potential to suppress breast cancer metastasis, possibly by inhibition of EMT, which may be attributed to downregulation of both SATB1 and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Taken together, baicalein may serve as a promising drug for metastasis treatment of breast cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE LINOLEIC ACID ESTERS OF SOME UNSATURATED LONG‐CHAIN Ω‐HYDROXY FATTY ACIDS (1985)

Abstract Ausgehend von der Säure (I) werden die w‐Hydroxy‐fettsäuren (VI) dargestellt [(Va) bekannt], die mit Linolsäurechlorid (VII) zu den Verbindungen (VIII) verestert bzw. nach Hydrierung zu den Estern (X) umgesetzt werden.
A Perspective on Tropical Africa in the 1960s (1970)

It is no parody to say that many Western observers in 1960, the author included, viewed the achievement of independence primarily in terms of a transfer of power from a benevolently minded colonial power to an educated and nationally minded elite. The members of the elite, we assumed, were committed to the rapid development of their country, were anxious to rule through the constitutional system transplanted in their country by their colonial rulers, and intended to remain in a close and dependent relationship with those rulers. It was expected that the influence of the nationalist leaders would no longer be ranged against the government but rather would be mobilized in its support. Independence would therefore lead to a more effective and more popular pursuit of government policies as they had already been conceived. This was the perspective also of many African leaders when they themselves first came to power. President Nyerere of Tanzania, who was to develop more subtle and perceptive views in the several years after 1959, initially urged that the primary role of the nationalist party was to win popular support for the policies of the government, a government which at the time was still very much dominated by British officials. This, the typical liberal perspect ~n 1960, has proven hopelessly inadequate: the elites were not as united, as secure, or as idealistic as we assumed; a close continuing involvement with the erstwhile imperial power proved more complex and its advantages more dubious than we expected. Anyone who persists in viewing developments in independent Africa primarily in terms of democratic and modernizing elites being helped and aided by benevolent Western powers must long ago have lost all capacity to judge events shrewdly and must surely also have passed from an initial naive optimism to an equally shallow pes-
Real-Time Network Streaming of Dynamic 3D Content with In-frame and Inter-frame Compression (2011)

Real-time 3D content distribution over a network (either LAN or WAN) has many possible applications, but requires facing several challenges, most notably the handling of the large amount of data usually associated with 3D meshes. The scope of the present paper falls within the well-established context of real-time capture and streaming of OpenGL command sequences, focusing in particular on data compression schemes. However, we advance beyond the state-of-the-art improving over previous attempts of "in-frame" geometric compression on 3D structures inferred from generic OpenGL command sequences and adding "inter-frame" redundancy exploitation of the traffic generated by the typical architecture of interactive applications. Measurements reveal for this combination of techniques a very effective reduction of network traffic and a CPU overhead compatible with the requirements of interactive applications, suggesting a significant application potential for Internet-based 3D content streaming.
Wearable and automotive systems for affect recognition from physiology (2000)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </i>Chaperonin 10 Stimulates Bone Resorption: A Potential Contributory Factor in Pott's Disease (1997)

Pott's disease (spinal tuberculosis), a condition characterized by massive resorption of the spinal vertebrae, is one of the most striking pathologies resulting from local infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt; Boachie-Adjei, O., and R.G. Squillante. 1996. Orthop. Clin. North Am. 27:95-103). The pathogenesis of Pott's disease is not established. Here we report for the first time that a protein, identified by a monoclonal antibody to be the Mt heat shock protein (Baird, P.N., L.M. Hall, and A.R.M. Coates. 1989. J. Gen. Microbiol. 135:931-939) chaperonin (cpn) 10, is responsible for the osteolytic activity of this bacterium. Recombinant Mt cpn10 is a potent stimulator of bone resorption in bone explant cultures and induces osteoclast recruitment, while inhibiting the proliferation of an osteoblast bone-forming cell line. Furthermore, we have found that synthetic peptides corresponding to sequences within the flexible loop and sequence 65-70 of Mt cpn10 may comprise a single conformational unit which encompasses its potent bone-resorbing activity. Our findings suggest that Mt cpn10 may be a valuable pharmacological target for the clinical therapy of vertebral tuberculosis and possibly other bone diseases.