gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Self-poisoning Patient: Treatment and Prevention (1979)

The main purpose of this chapter is to discuss the causes and management of deliberate self-harm (DSH) which has increased progressively since the early 1960s until it now constitutes 20 per cent of all emergency medical admissions to hospital (Smith, 1972). The clinical and demographic characteristics of the problem have been well documented elsewhere (Aitken et al. 1969; Morgan et al. 1975b) but the main features will first be summarised before proceeding to a fuller discussion of causes and management.
On Uplink Channel Estimation in WiMAX Systems (2010)

In this paper, channel estimation algorithms are proposed and compared for uplink WiMAX systems, which are OFDMA based. These algorithms are investigated based on a dynamic resource allocation scheme, and it is shown that each of them is suitable to specific system scenarios. For example, for a system with a bandwidth of 10MHz operating in the low frequency region (2-11GHz), a two-dimensional averaging algorithm outperforms other algorithms, such as a bilinear interpolation algorithm, because the correlations between the pilots and signals are sufficiently high in both the frequency and the time dimensions.
Geological Characterization of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Using Multiple Point Geostatistics (2002)

Abstract The spatial distribution of fractures in a reservoir affects the displacement of fluids and the prediction of future performance. Realistic characterization of fractured reservoirs requires quantification and classification of fracture patterns on the basis of the underlying geological characteristics and developing reservoir modeling algorithms that can integrate connectivity based (multiple point) statistics related to fracture patterns. A methodology for summarizing the characteristics of fracture networks based on multiple point connectivity functions is presented. The paper also presents a stochastic simulation methodology for constraining the target reservoir model to the connectivity characteristics derived from analog models and to all other available reservoir specific data in the form of well information and seismic areal proportion maps.
Temperature dependence of the joining by T4 DNA ligase of termini produced by type II restriction endonucleases (1981)

The temperature dependence of the T4 DNA ligase-catalyzed joining of plasmid DNA linearized by the action of HaeIII, EcoRI and PstI restriction endonucleases has been investigated by electron microscopy analysis. The extent of joining is maximal at 4 degrees and decreases with increasing temperatures following sigmoid-like curves. The temperature at which 50% of the maximal reaction is still observable increases going from DNA termini without single-stranded overlaps (produced by HaeIII) to termini with four nucleotides overlap, composed only by two A and two T (produced by EcoRI) to termini with four nucleotide overlap, composed by A, T, G and C (produced by PstI).
Device hypervisors (2010)

This paper explores the opportunities and challenges in using virtualization technologies in embedded devices. The uses and requirements that have shaped the current generation of Hypervisors for data centers and server farms are introduced. The paper then explores how Multicore processors and Hypervisors can be used to design embedded devices with more features, higher performance and lower power consumption.
Cysteine 184 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase is involved in heme coordination and catalytic activity. (1994)

Nitric oxide synthase catalyzes the formation of an important messenger molecule, nitric oxide (NO). It is a P450-type hemoprotein, containing a cysteine thiolate as its proximal heme ligand, but the exact cysteine residue involved in heme coordination has not been identified. To locate this specific cysteine, we altered three potential cysteine residues (Cys-99, Cys-184, and Cys-441) to alanine residues in human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and expressed the wild-type and mutant eNOSs in COS-1 and the baculovirus expression system. Mutation of Cys-235 to alanine was included to serve as a control. Mutation of Cys-184 resulted in a complete loss of NOS catalytic activity and abrogation of the formation of carbon monoxide (CO)-heme ferrous complex, which was detected on CO difference spectra as a distinct peak centered on 444-446 nm, without reduction in the quantity of eNOS protein. Mutation of Cys-99 also resulted in a loss of catalytic activity but did not eliminate the 444-446 nm peak. C441A and C235A mutants displayed considerable NOS activity and retained the CO-heme peak on CO-ferrous difference spectra. These results indicate that the cysteine 184 of human eNOS is most likely the proximal heme ligand.
CD4 T cells mediate brain inflammation and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (2021)

α-Synuclein, a key pathological component of Parkinson's disease, has been implicated in the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system. This immune activation includes microgliosis, increased inflammatory cytokines, and the infiltration of T cells into the CNS. More recently, peripherally circulating CD4 and CD8 T cells derived from individuals with Parkinson's disease have been shown to produce Th1/Th2 cytokines in response to α-synuclein, suggesting there may be a chronic memory T cell response present in Parkinson's disease. To understand the potential effects of these α-syn associated T cell responses we used an α-synuclein overexpression mouse model, T cell-deficient mice, and a combination of immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. In this study, we found that α-synuclein overexpression in the midbrain of mice leads to the upregulation of the major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) protein on CNS myeloid cells as well as the infiltration of IFNγ producing CD4 and CD8 T cells into the CNS. Interestingly, genetic deletion of TCRβ or CD4, as well as the use of the immunosuppressive drug fingolimod, were able to reduce the CNS myeloid MHCII response to α-synuclein. Furthermore, we observed that CD4-deficient mice were protected from the dopaminergic cell loss observed due to α-syn overexpression. These results suggest that T cell responses associated with α-synuclein pathology may be damaging to key areas of the CNS in Parkinson's disease and that targeting these T cell responses could be an avenue for disease modifying treatments.
Initial Degradation of Industrial Silicon Solar Cells in Solar Panels (2010)

In the lifetime of a solar panel, efficiency is degrading continually because panel components are ageing during outdoor exposure (OE). This degradation is mainly due to humidity, temperature, system bias effects and solar irradiation. The solar cell itself may be suffering different degradation mechanisms like light, temperature and potential induced degradation (LID, TID and PID [1]). The focus of this paper is the initial degradation of solar cells within the first hours of operation, which is generally associated with LID. In this work, differences in degradation mechanism for multi and mono cells are investigated for cells and panels based on p-type crystalline silicon. The quality of silicon material is essential as shown in a material comparison. Low and high base resistivities are investigated and different silicon purities ranging from standard feedstock material of different qualities to material based on upgraded metallurgical (UMG) silicon are compared. Interestingly no clear difference between the LID of industrial multi- and mono-crystalline cells was found. However, UMG cells show a higher degradation rate partly due to a mechanism identified as temperature induced degradation (TID) that occurs in parallel to LID.
Basic statistical methods for Analytical Chemistry. Part 2. Calibration and regression methods. A review (1991)

J. N. Miller, Analyst, 1991, 116, 3 DOI: 10.1039/AN9911600003
Causal Mediation Analyses with Rank Preserving Models (2007)

We present a linear rank preserving model (RPM) approach for analyzing mediation of a randomized baseline intervention's effect on a univariate follow-up outcome. Unlike standard mediation analyses, our approach does not assume that the mediating factor is also randomly assigned to individuals in addition to the randomized baseline intervention (i.e., sequential ignorability), but does make several structural interaction assumptions that currently are untestable. The G-estimation procedure for the proposed RPM represents an extension of the work on direct effects of randomized intervention effects for survival outcomes by Robins and Greenland (1994, Journal of the American Statistical Association 89, 737-749) and on intervention non-adherence by Ten Have et al. (2004, Journal of the American Statistical Association 99, 8-16). Simulations show good estimation and confidence interval performance by the proposed RPM approach under unmeasured confounding relative to the standard mediation approach, but poor performance under departures from the structural interaction assumptions. The trade-off between these assumptions is evaluated in the context of two suicide/depression intervention studies.
A New Cascaded Multilevel Converter Based on NPC Cells (2007)

A new converter topology, which is based on the modular use of modified Neutral Point Clamped cells and suitable to supply high-power medium-voltage ac motors, is presented. The proposed structure allows a remarkable reduction of the dc-link voltage capacitors and/or of the dc-link voltage ripple, with respect to the more conventional topology, owing to the implementation of a new devised control strategy. The new structure uses only two additional controllable switch-diode couples for each basic NPC cell, with a small increment in cost and complexity of the converter system. No impact on both the load and line side is created, to the exclusion of the improvement of the load voltage waveform.
Active-Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays Using Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistors (1984)

New information is presented on the use of amorphous silicon thin-film transistors as active elements in liquid-crystal displays. Flat-panel requirements are discussed, and electrical characteristics of the transistors are given. Manufacturing cost estimates are then developed.
Design,synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of novel Raf kinase inhibitors (2009)

Aim:To design and synthesize novel Raf kinase inhibitors and evaluate their bioactivities in vitro.Methods:A series of biphenyl urea compounds were designed and synthesized based on the SAR of Raf kinase inhibitors as well as pharmacophore properties,of which,their in vitro anti-proliferative activities against tumor cell lines SMMC-7721,A549,BGC-823 and HL-60, and inhibitory activities against Raf kinase were investigated by MTT assay and FRET assay,respectively.Results and Conclusion:Twelve Raf kinase inhibitors were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by IR,1H NMR and MS.The target compounds possessed anti-proliferative activities against four kinds of tumor cell lines tested to at least some degree,and eleven target compounds were found to inhibit Raf kinase in vitro to some extent,two of which had comparable or even better activities than sorafenib,a marketed Raf kinase-targeting drug.
Cell-Free DNA in Serum and Plasma: Comparison of ELISA and Quantitative PCR (2005)

Although circulating DNA has generally been referred to as cell-free DNA, it is likely that a significant proportion is bound to protein molecules, possibly as nucleosomes. This conclusion is supported by theory and by observations. Theoretically, circulating DNA is mostly released from degrading cells after cleavage by endonucleases that cut the chromatin into the basic nucleosomal elements (1)(2). Empirically, DNA fragments in circulation are mainly sized in multiples of the nucleosomal DNA (3)(4). Filtration experiments have shown that circulating RNA seems to be associated with particles, whereas DNA is not (5). This might be attributable to the arrangement of DNA in nucleosomes, which conserves them from proteolytic digestion in blood. Nucleosomal complexes consist of duplicate copies of the histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 as core proteins, with ∼146 bp of DNA on the outside (6).

In various pathologic conditions, qualitative and quantitative changes in circulating DNA have been shown. Only small amounts of serum or plasma DNA have been observed in healthy individuals, whereas high concentrations have been described in patients with various malignancies and in those with several benign diseases, such as infections, sepsis, trauma, stroke, and autoimmune diseases (3)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Because most of these disorders are associated with increased rates …
Study of transformerless rectified higher voltage D-C aircraft electric system (1954)

Variable-frequency a-c systems and paralleled d-c supplies operating simultaneously from the same a-c generators and with the elimination of transformers, voltage regulators, and reverse-current relays from the d-c supplies are proposed as a means of increasing aircraft reliability and of reducing costs, complexity, and weight. The suggested system can be connected to provide either a single direct voltage or two direct voltages obtained without transformers and without interfering with the simultaneous use of the a-c generators for conventional variable-frequency a-c loads.
Reducing Internet Latency: A Survey of Techniques and Their Merits (2014)

Latency is increasingly becoming a performance bottleneck for Internet Protocol (IP) networks, but historically, networks have been designed with aims of maximizing throughput and utilization. This paper offers a broad survey of techniques aimed at tackling latency in the literature up to August 2014, as well as their merits. A goal of this work is to be able to quantify and compare the merits of the different Internet latency reducing techniques, contrasting their gains in delay reduction versus the pain required to implement and deploy them. We found that classifying techniques according to the sources of delay they alleviate provided the best insight into the following issues: 1) The structural arrangement of a network, such as placement of servers and suboptimal routes, can contribute significantly to latency; 2) each interaction between communicating endpoints adds a Round Trip Time (RTT) to latency, particularly significant for short flows; 3) in addition to base propagation delay, several sources of delay accumulate along transmission paths, today intermittently dominated by queuing delays; 4) it takes time to sense and use available capacity, with overuse inflicting latency on other flows sharing the capacity; and 5) within end systems, delay sources include operating system buffering, head-of-line blocking, and hardware interaction. No single source of delay dominates in all cases, and many of these sources are spasmodic and highly variable. Solutions addressing these sources often both reduce the overall latency and make it more predictable.
Aromatherapy as Treatment for Postoperative Nausea (2012)

The hypothesis that aromatherapy would be effective as a treatment for PON was supported. On the basis of our results, future research further evaluating aromatherapy is warranted. Aromatherapy is promising as an inexpensive, noninvasive treatment for PON that can be administered and controlled by patients as needed.
Comparison of Global Navigation Satellite System Devices on Speed Tracking in Road (Tran)SPORT Applications (2014)

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are, in addition to being most widely used vehicle navigation method, becoming popular in sport-related tests. There is a lack of knowledge regarding tracking speed using GNSS, therefore the aims of this study were to examine under dynamic conditions: (1) how accurate technologically different GNSS measure speed and (2) how large is latency in speed measurements in real time applications. Five GNSSs were tested. They were fixed to a car's roof-rack: a smart phone, a wrist watch, a handheld device, a professional system for testing vehicles and a high-end Real Time Kinematics (RTK) GNSS. The speed data were recorded and analyzed during rapid acceleration and deceleration as well as at steady speed. The study produced four main findings. Higher frequency and high quality GNSS receivers track speed at least at comparable accuracy to a vehicle speedometer. All GNSS systems measured maximum speed and movement at a constant speed well. Acceleration and deceleration have different level of error at different speeds. Low cost GNSS receivers operating at 1 Hz sampling rate had high latency (up to 2.16 s) and are not appropriate for tracking speed in real time, especially during dynamic movements.
Comparison of Ranson, APACHE II and APACHE III Scoring Systems in Acute Pancreatitis (2002)

The APACHE III offers little, if any, advantage over the APACHE II score. Ranson criteria proved to be as powerful a prognostic model as the more complicated APACHE II and III scoring systems, but with the disadvantage of a 24-hour delay.
Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation. Design of New Ru Catalysts and Chiral Ligands:  From Laboratory to Industrial Applications (2003)

This Account covers the design of Ru catalysts and ligands. Two classes of chiral phosphine ligands are prepared: the electron-rich trans-2,4-substituted phosphetanes, readily available from optically pure 1,3-diol cyclic sulfates, and atropoisomeric ligands (SYNPHOS, MeO-NAPhePHOS, bearing heterotopic biaryl moieties, and a chiral water-soluble diguanidinium binaphthyl diphosphine, Digm-BINAP). Applications of these ligands to rhodium- and ruthenium-mediated hydrogenation of ketones and olefins have been reported with high enantioselectivities. The recognition abilities of Ru-SYNPHOS for a wide range of ketones is superior to those observed with BINAP, MeO-NAPhePHOS, and MeO-BIPHEP. Several biologically active compounds have been prepared through dynamic kinetic resolution. This work gives access to a number of highly active catalysts of the type [Ru(biphosphane)(H)(eta(6)-cot)]BF(4). These catalysts have demonstrated their utility in the enantioselective hydrogenation of the tetrasubstituted cyclopentenone "dehydrodione", which leads to the commercially important perfume component Paradisone (Firmenich).
Japanese Mothers' Views of Young Children's Areas of Personal Discretion (2004)

Sixty-four Japanese mothers of 3- to 6-year-olds were interviewed concerning their conceptions of children's areas of personal control. Mothers granted children choices regarding recreational activities, clothes, and friends to foster autonomy and competence, but they set limits around daily routines, recreational activities, and interpersonal confrontation based on moral, conventional, and prudential concerns. Mothers believed in reaffirming children's personal boundaries when children failed to follow through with their initial decisions. Mothers experienced conflict with children around daily routines and recreational activities and used various resolution strategies. Mothers perceived child resistance as egocentric whereas fewer considered it as establishing personal boundaries. Some age and gender differences were observed. Results supported the heterogeneity of social judgments and practices of individuals within cultures.
Measurement of Polyclonal Immunoglobulin Synthesis Using the Reverse Plaque Technique (1991)

This unit describes the reverse hemolytic plaque assay, an effective method for measuring the number of immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells present in a cell population at any particular time. Cell populations that can be assayed using the technique include peripheral blood mononuclear cells or cells from tissues such as the tonsils. The basic protocol is divided into three stages. First, protein A-sensitized sheep red blood cells (SRBC), guinea pig complement, and anti-Ig antibody are prepared. Test samples are then combined and incubated with the SRBC, complement, and antibody in appropriate chambers. Finally, the resulting plaques are scored. A support protocol describes the preparation of plaquing chambers.
Computer Modeling of Intumescent Penetration Seals (1996)

Penetrations in rated barriers require protection, or sealing, to prevent the passage of flame and smoke during a fire. In terms of the properties desirable for a penetration seal (high heat absorbing ability and strength after fire exposure), intumescent materials offer an excellent choice.This paper describes a simple three-dimensional heat transfer model for an intumescent penetrating seal exposed to a fire in accordance with that specified in the ASTM E814, Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Through Penetration Fire Stops. The model is limited to estimating the temperature on the unexposed side as a result of heat transfer through the assembly. It makes no attempt at modeling flame passage or ability of the seal to withstand hose stream exposure. The model also assumes a very simplified hot gas emissivity model for heat transfer from the furnace to the assembly. Radiant view factors and emissivities are not calculated, but must be entered by the user. This model was validated by comparing predicted results with actual test data. Obtaining necessary physical property data for intumescent materials was found to be very difficult.
High voltage (450 V) 6H-SiC lateral MESFET structure (1996)

A high voltage 6H-SiC lateral MESFET has been fabricated using a three mask process. Selective ion implantation was used to create the conducting layer (N-region) demonstrating the RESURF effect in SiC for first time, as well as easy isolation and edge termination. This MESFET was able to withstand a forward blocking voltage of 450 V at a gate voltage of –20 V. The specific on-resistance and transconductance for a device with a drain gate separation of 15 µm was found to be 83 mΩ cm2 and 2 mS/mm, respectively.
Localization in Aerial Imagery with Grid Maps using LocGAN (2019)

In this work, we present LocGAN, our localization approach based on a geo-referenced aerial imagery and LiDAR grid maps. Currently, most self-localization approaches relate the current sensor observations to a map generated from previously acquired data. Unfortunately, this data is not always available and the generated maps are usually sensor setup specific. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) can overcome this problem. However, they are not always reliable especially in urban areas due to multi-path and shadowing effects. Since aerial imagery is usually available, we can use it as prior information. To match aerial images with grid maps, we use conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) which transform aerial images to the grid map domain. The transformation between the predicted and measured grid map is estimated using a localization network (LocNet). Given the geo-referenced aerial image transformation the vehicle pose can be estimated. Evaluations performed on the data recorded in region Karlsruhe, Germany show that our LocGAN approach provides reliable global localization results.