gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Films: Path‐Guided Wrinkling of Nanoscale Metal Films (Adv. Mater. 22/2012) (2012)

Path-guided wrinkling enables the fabrication of defect-free and arbitrary-shaped wrinkle patterns. R. Huang, Q. Liu, and co-workers describe on page 3010 an approach for the production of well-defined wrinkle structures using laser direct writing to make guiding paths in a metal/polymer bilayer, followed by thermal heating. They also introduce a new concept of the unit-wrinkle, through which more complex surface structures can be quantitatively designed and realized. This approach is suitable for making wavy-surfaced complexities and devices.
Glycemic Control and Heart Failure Among Adult Patients With Diabetes (2001)

These results confirm previous evidence that poor glycemic control may be associated with an increased risk of heart failure among adult patients with diabetes.
Efficient Algorithms for Identifying Relevant Features (1992)

This paper describes efficient methods for exact and approximate implementation of the MINFEATURES bias, which prefers consistent hypotheses definable over as few features as possible. This bias is useful for learning domains where many irrelevant features are present in the training data. We first introduce FOCUS-2, a new algorithm that exactly implements the MINFEATURES bias. This algorithm is empirically shown to be substantially faster than the FOCUS algorithm previously given in [ Almuallim and Dietterich, 1991 ] . We then introduce the Mutual-Information-Greedy, SimpleGreedy and Weighted-Greedy algorithms, which apply efficient heuristics for approximating the MIN-FEATURES bias. These algorithms employ greedy heuristics that trade optimality for computational efficiency. Experimental studies show that the learning performance of ID3 is greatly improved when these algorithms are used to preprocess the training data by eliminating the irrelevant features from ID3&apos;s consideration. I...
Risk analysis and the acceptable probability of failure (2005)

Reliability based calibration of codes for variable loading is a generally accepted procedure for risk analysis. This is based on the presumption that structures in service have an acceptable level of safety against structural failure. Ship collisions with bridges occur sufficiently often to be included in the design of all bridges. A risk management exercise should be undertaken to define whether certain risk acceptance criteria have been met and what measures should be undertaken to mitigate against the risks. Guidance has been published by AASHTO for vessel collision design of highway bridges. The final project draft of Eurocode 1 Part 1-7 summarises the approach that should be taken for designing for accidental actions. Published documents giving recommendations for failure or load criteria are described: ISO Dp 10252 Accidental actions due to human activities; AASHTO Guide specification and commentary for vessel collision design of highway bridges; IABSE Structural Engineering Documents, 1993 (Ship collision with bridges - the interaction between vessel traffic and bridge structures); and CIRIA Report 63 (Rationalisation of safety factors and serviceability factors in structural codes).
Bioactive Nanofibers Instruct Cells to Proliferate and Differentiate During Enamel Regeneration (2008)

During tooth development, ectoderm-derived ameloblast cells create enamel by synthesizing a complex protein mixture serving to control cell to matrix interactions and the habit of hydroxyapatite crystallites. Using an in vitro cell and organ culture system, we studied the effect of artificial bioactive nanostructures on ameloblasts with the long-term goal of developing cell-based strategies for tooth regeneration. We used branched peptide amphiphile molecules containing the peptide motif Arg-Gly-Asp, or "RGD" (abbreviated BRGD-PA), known to self-assemble in physiologic environments into nanofibers that display on their surfaces high densities of this biological signal. Ameloblast-like cells (line LS8) and primary enamel organ epithelial (EOE) cells were cultured within PA hydrogels, and the PA was injected into the enamel organ epithelia of mouse embryonic incisors. The expression of amelogenin, ameloblastin, integrin alpha 5, and integrin alpha 6 was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and immunodetection techniques. We performed cell proliferation assay using BrdU labeling and a biomineralization assay using Alizarin red S staining with quantitative Ca(2+) measurements. In the cell culture model, ameloblast-like cells (LS8) and primary EOE cells responded to the BRGD-PA nanostructures with enhanced proliferation and greater amelogenin, ameloblastin, and integrin expression levels. At the site of injection of the BRGD-PA in the organ culture model, we observed EOE cell proliferation with differentiation into ameloblasts as evidenced by their expression of enamel specific proteins. Ultrastructural analysis showed the nanofibers within the forming extracellular matrix, in contact with the EOE cells engaged in enamel formation and regeneration. This study shows that BRGD-PA nanofibers present with enamel proteins participate in integrin-mediated cell binding to the matrix with delivery of instructive signals for enamel formation.
The Stress Kinase MRK Contributes to Regulation of DNA Damage Checkpoints through a p38γ-independent Pathway (2004)

DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation (IR) activates a complex cellular response that includes checkpoints leading to cell cycle arrest. The stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38gamma has been implicated in the G(2) phase checkpoint induced by IR. We recently discovered MRK as a member of the MAPK kinase kinase family that activates p38gamma. Here we investigated the role of MRK in the checkpoint response to IR. We identified autophosphorylation sites on MRK that are important for its kinase activity. A phosphospecific antibody that recognizes these sites showed that MRK is activated upon IR in a rapid and sustained manner. MRK depletion by RNA interference resulted in defective S and G(2) checkpoints induced by IR that were accompanied by reduced Chk2 phosphorylation and delayed Cdc25A degradation. We also showed that Chk2 is a substrate for MRK in vitro and is phosphorylated at Thr(68) by active MRK in cells. MRK depletion also increased sensitivity to the killing effects of IR. In addition, MRK depletion reduced IR-induced activation of p38gamma but had no effect on p38alpha activation, indicating that MRK is a specific activator of p38gamma after IR. Inhibition of p38gamma by RNA interference, however, did not impair IR-induced checkpoints. Thus, in response to IR MRK controls two independent pathways: the Chk2-Cdc25A pathway leading to cell cycle arrest and the p38gamma MAPK pathway.
Gram-Scale Purification of Flavonolignan Diastereoisomers from <i>Silybum marianum</i> (Milk Thistle) Extract in Support of Preclinical <i>in vivo</i> Studies for Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention (2007)

Extracts of milk thistle ( Silybum marianum, Asteraceae), termed "silymarin," are used worldwide, primarily for hepatoprotective applications and recently for prostate cancer chemoprevention. Silymarin is a mixture of at least eight compounds, and four major constituents are a group of structurally related flavonolignans: silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, and isosilybin B. The initiation of IN VIVO studies to compare the respective preclinical activities of each compound required that gram quantities of these diastereoisomers be prepared. Procedures were developed and optimized to produce multigram-scale quantities of each of these in > 97 % purity. A hybrid chromatographic/precipitative technique was developed, whereby mixtures were chromatographed at high concentrations so as to induce formation of a precipitate in the column fractions, yielding samples that were more enriched in the desired compounds than would be obtained solely by the chromatographic steps alone.
Immune regulation by mesenchymal stem cells: two sides to the coin (2006)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) constitute a rare population of adult stem cells that can be isolated from a simple bone marrow aspirate in the absence of prior mobilization. For this reason, MSCs are particularly attractive for cell-based medicine. Ex-vivo-expanded MSCs isolated from different species, including human MSCs, have been shown to suppress the activity of a broad range of immune cells, including T cells, antigen-presenting cells, natural killer (NK) cells and B cells. New studies have further shown that MSCs interact with NK cells, express NK cell receptor ligands, express Toll-like receptors (TLRs), respond to TLR ligands and act as antigen-presenting cells upon interferon-gamma stimulation. Taken together, these studies suggest that MSCs may constitute a previously unrecognized player of the immune system with dichotomy of function reminiscent of other antigen-presenting cells. An important question that remains unanswered is whether resident MSCs actually play a role in endogenous immune responses? I here review the mechanisms of MSC-mediated immune regulation and discuss the major roles of resident MSCs in health and disease.
Genome Sequence of the Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Formerly Lactobacillus casei) LOCK900 (2013)

Lactobacillus rhamnosus LOCK900 fulfills the criteria required for probiotic strains. In this study, we report a whole-genome sequence of this isolate and compare it with other L. rhamnosus complete genome sequences already published.
Gadolinium complexes of monophosphinic acid DOTA derivatives conjugated to cyclodextrin scaffolds: efficient MRI contrast agents for higher magnetic fields (2012)

Middle-molecular-weight MRI contrast agents based on conjugates of a phosphinic acid DOTA analogue, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-4,7,10-triacetic-1-{methyl[(4-aminophenyl)methyl]phosphinic acid} (DO3AP(ABn)), with amino-substituted cyclodextrins were prepared and studied by a variety of physico-chemical methods. The conjugates were formed by reaction of the corresponding isothiocyanate with per-6-amino-α/β-cyclodextrin and were complexed with the Ln(III) ion to get the final complexes, (LnL)(6)-α-CD and (LnL)(7)-β-CD. Solution structure of the complexes was estimated by investigation of the Eu(III) complexes. The Gd(III) conjugate complexes are endowed with a short water residence time (τ(M) ∼ 10-15 ns at 298 K) and a high abundance of the twisted-square antiprismatic diastereoisomer. They show a high (1)H relaxivity at high fields due to a convenient combination of the fast water exchange rate and the slow rate of the molecular tumbling given by their macromolecular nature. The (1)H relaxation enhancements per molecule of a contrast agent (CA) are very high reaching for a larger (GdL)(7)-β-CD conjugate ∼140 s(-1) mM(-1) and ∼100 s(-1) mM(-1) at 25 °C and magnetic fields 1.5 T and 3 T, respectively, which is the highest reported longitudinal relaxivity for kinetically stable contrast agents of an intermediate molecular mass (<10 kDa) with one water molecule in the first coordination sphere.
Phase optimized beam design for direction sensing aboard communication satellites (2002)

Accurate estimation of directions to terrestrial reference sites is a key component for stabilized pointing of customer beams aboard communication satellites. Direction estimation is enabled through the formation of beams on the payload phased arrays. To minimize downtime of channels otherwise used to provide service, phase-optimized beamforming strategies are considered for both coherent and non-coherent methods of signal reception. Direction estimation accuracy is derived from Monte-Carlo simulation and used to assess the quality of the optimized beams relative to those commonly employed in conventional monopulse and sequential lobing.
A high sensitivity solid state sensor for H<inf>2</inf>detection in oxygen-rich ambients at room temperature (1985)

A highly sensitive solid state sensor for hydrogen detection in oxygen-rich ambient at room temperature is described. The sensor structure is of the form of Metal/Active Insulator/ Metal (MIM), with a low pressure CVD deposited TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> as the key active insulator layer and Pd as the gate metal. The TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> at the Pd/TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> interface is reduced upon hydrogen adsorption, which in turn causes a large modification of the barrier in TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> at the Pd/TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> interface. The device sensitivity is extremely large and a function of the hydrogen partial pressure in oxygen. The low detection limit is found to be less than a few PPM H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> in O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> .
A network architecture for self-organized networks (1999)

The goal of a CSCW system is to enable users to cooperate conveniently no mater when and where. Currently, most CSCW users rely on the existing network infrastructures. The self-organized network is a multi-hop temporary autonomous system of mobile nodes equipped with wireless transmitters and receivers without the aid of any existing network infrastructure. In such an environment, it may be necessary for one mobile node, in order to communicate another node, to need a chain of intermediate nodes to forward packets due to the limited propagation range of each mobile node's wireless transmissions. The self-organized networking can provide a communication supporting environment when the network infrastructure is absent, thus extending the CSCW application environment. This paper describes the conception and characteristics of the self-organized network, then proposes its architecture.
Electrical conductive film for Flip-Chip Interconnection based on Z-axis conductors (2003)

The development of new Anisotropic Conductive Film for high density Flip-Chip Interconnection has met with growing interest over the last few years. ACF provides promising solutions for bumpless chip connection to high density printed circuit board. Standard ACF are composed of a resin film containing randomly dispersed fine metallic particles or metal-coated polymer balls. These ACF find their applications mainly in LCD display despite their high resistivity. One enhancement which has been clearly identified is the concept of a vertical interconnection sheet with structured Z-axis conductors instead of particles. The main advantage of Z-axis ACF compared with standard ACF is the possibility to achieve lower pitch and pad area. Moreover, Z-axis ACF achieves a better electrical contact. LETI has been involved in Z-axis ACF technology since 1990 and different film structures have been developed. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the results obtained.
Astigmatic electron gun for the beam-indexing color television display (1971)

Though the beam-indexing color television display has some obvious advantages when compared with other display systems, the electron-optical demands are very high. First, these demands and the imaging system to be used are discussed. It turns out that the beam must be astigmatic to obtain optimum performance. The beam shape is prescribed by the deflection-coil design. This beam shape, giving rise to a vertically elongated spot of sufficiently small dimensions, is obtained by using an astigmatic gun of special design in combination with a simple rotation-symmetrical focusing lens. After a general discussion of the focusing properties of this combination, the intensity distributions along both the minor and the major axis of the spot on the screen are calculated and compared with experiments. The gamma of the beam current characteristic is measured as well as calculated. Its dependence on the beam current is small up to beam currents of about 3 mA. Moreover, the cathode loading is calculated as a function of the beam current. Without special means of dynamic correction, satisfactory color reproduction in normal picture material is obtained up to peak currents of 1.5 mA in 110°-25 in tubes. Higher beam currents would be attainable in the absence of a residual deflection error which causes a tilt of the spot near the corners of the screen. The structure of the picture is quite acceptable at a triplet pitch of 1.2 mm without using a lenticular screen.
Stability of quaternary onium salts under phase-transfer conditions in the presence of aqueous alkaline solutions (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStability of quaternary onium salts under phase-transfer conditions in the presence of aqueous alkaline solutionsDario Landini, Angelamaria Maia, and Alessandro RampoldiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 16, 3187–3191Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00366a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00366a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views739Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Lipid Composition of the Coccolithophore<i>Emiliania Huxleyi</i>and Its Possible Ecophysiological Significance (1996)

The lipid class and fatty acid composition of eight geographically disperse isolates of Emiliania huxleyi , grown under 12 h L:D cycles and harvested during logarithmic and stationary growth phases, were examined. Cell size and chlorophyll content tended to decrease from logarithmic to stationary growth phase, Methyl and ethyl ketones were the dominant lipid classes, although proportions exhibited no clear pattern either between strains or growth phases. Neutral lipid hardly accumulated over the course of the growth experiments, and triacylglycerol was either absent or only present at low levels. In all strains with the exception of a South African isolate, levels of total fatty acid per cell decreased markedly between logarithmic and stationary phases, primarily attributable to reductions in the levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Major fatty acids in all strains during both growth phases were 14:0,16:0,18:1 (n-9), 18:4 (n-3), 18:5 (n-3) and 22:6 (n-3). Although all strains were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (47–72% of total fatty acids) stationary phase cultures consistently contained the highest proportions. The polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexanoic acid (22:6, n-3) was the most abundant fatty acid in all strains, comprising a maximum of 38·4% of total fatty acids in strain M 181 during stationary phase. Multivariate analysis (PCA) allowed logarithmic and stationary phase cultures to be distinguished although no obvious intra-isolate variability was apparent. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of lipids for the ecophysiology of E. huxleyi and the role of this dominant coccolithophore in the marine food chain.
The Opening Eye (2005)

The eruption of a certain mode of orgiastic or demonic consciousness that accompanies the unfolding mystery, the making public of the Father's secret self, involves a return to a certain vision or image of the body. When Colebrook remarks on the sense, shared by Derrida and Blake, that 'there is no ground, totality, community or consensus prior to figuration' (p. 26), we can hear an echo of Moravian Christocentricism, of Christ as 'the Ground and Foundation of the spiritual Building'.2 The figure of Christ, of his suffering and his death in the flesh, redeems religion and morality from the 'Heathenish Manner' that motions towards an invisible God and fails to 'point out that God in the Face of Christ' (ibid.). In this heathenish error we can perhaps perceive the spectre of Platonism against which Priestley also warns us, though to different effect,3 as we can in the belief in disembodied souls, of a spirit as 'a breath of wind', which Swedenborg likewise dismisses.4 This return to form, this becoming flesh of the absolute other, calls us towards a new understanding of responsibility and obedience to the law, which is not — as it is when the visor-effect comes into play — that 'essentially blind submission' of which Derrida speaks (Specters, p. 7). From this variant perspective, 'the highest Art of Moralizing' would therefore consist not in reasoning on the dictates of an invisible other, but in the recognition of a visible body: In the Glorifying of the Wounds of Jesus, which got us the Privilege to be holy before the Eyes of the holy God; and to sympathize with his spiritual Law, or the Mind of Christ. (An Account, p. 53) KeywordsSpiritual WorldPrivy CouncilVisible BodySpiritual FormRevealed KnowledgeThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Development of a selective photoactivatable antagonist for corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor, type 2 (CRF<sub>2</sub>) (2002)

A novel photoactivatable analog of antisauvagine-30 (aSvg-30), a specific antagonist for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor, type 2 (CRF2), has been synthesized and characterized. The N-terminal amino-acid d-Phe in aSvg-30 [d-Phe11,His12]Svg(11-40) was replaced by a phenyldiazirine, the 4-(1-azi-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl (ATB) residue. The photoactivatable aSvg-30 analog ATB-[His12]Svg was tested for its ability to displace [125I-Tyr0]oCRF or [125I-Tyr0]Svg from membrane homogenates of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells stably transfected with cDNA coding for rat CRF receptor, type 1 (rCRF1) or mouse CRF receptor, type 2beta (mCRF2beta). Furthermore, the ability of ATB-[His12]Svg(12-40) to inhibit oCRF- or Svg-stimulated cAMP production of transfected HEK 293 cells expressing either rCRF1 (HEK-rCRF1 cells) or mCRF2beta (HEK-mCRF2beta cells) was determined. Unlike astressin and photo astressin, ATB-[His12]Svg(12-40) showed high selective binding to mCRF2beta (Ki = 3.1 +/- 0.2 nm) but not the rCRF1 receptor (Ki = 142.5 +/- 22.3 nm) and decreased Svg-stimulated cAMP activity in mCRF2beta-expressing cells in a similar fashion as aSvg-30. A 66-kDa protein was identified by SDS/PAGE, when the radioactively iodinated analog of ATB-[His12]Svg(12-40) was covalently linked to mCRF2beta receptor. The specificity of the photoactivatable 125I-labeled CRF2beta antagonist was demonstrated with SDS/PAGE by the finding that this analog could be displaced from the receptor by antisauvagine-30, but not other unrelated peptides such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).