gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Speed High-Current Copper Finger Brushes for Pulsed Homopolar Generator Service (1986)

ln continuing research into higher energy density, higher current rated pulsed homopolar generators (HPG's), solid copper fingers are explored as sliding electrical contacts to slip speeds of 300 m/s and collector area current densities above 75 MA/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Achieving increased compactness in HPG's is easily accomplished by spinning the inertial energy storage flywheel to higher tip speeds but generally involves brush operation at higher Slip speeds. Sintered copper-graphite brushes presently limit slip velocity to 220 m/s and collector area current densities to 7-15 MA/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , if a reasonable brush wear rate is expected. Development of copper finger brushes began in 1981 by Marshall who performed low speed (15 mm/s) testing at current densities above 450 MA/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Based off encouraging results obtained by Marshall, the present investigation focused on characterization of copper finger brushes in an actual HPG operating environment. Experimental data were collected using the Compact HPG System Tester, a working 5-MJ HPG which can deliver current pulses in excess of 1 MA into resistive loads for the evaluation of brush performance. The copper finger brushes tested successfully transferred 1.15 MA at a slip speed of 100 m/s and currents of 600 kA at 180 m/s. Experimental evaluation of effective contact resistance as functions of slip speed, Current transferred, and brush normal force was performed, and the results are discussed. Interfacial heat fluxes due to friction and contact voltage drop for the test conditions were also determined, and then extrapolated to operating levels of 300 m/s and 3 MA. These projections were used to determine the feasibility of rejecting the heat flux through direct injection (transpiration) cooling methods. Although problems with coolant delivery and hydrodynamic forces do exist, the approach holds promise in the continuing effort to extend pulsed HPG brush operating limits.
Secretion of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2013)

Our results suggest that patients with type 2 diabetes are characterized by preserved GIP secretion in response to oral glucose and meal tests. They also suggest that high BMI is associated with increased GIP responses but increasing age and HbA1c are associated with reduced GIP secretion.
Hardening mechanisms of hard gold (1979)

Electrodeposited hard gold with 0.6 at.% cobalt has a hardness about four times that of annealed bulk gold and this high hardness cannot be reproduced by standard metallurgical methods. By measuring the hardness for gold and gold alloys subjected to various quenching, annealing, and deformation processes, all common hardening mechanisms such as solution hardening, precipitation hardening, strain hardening, and ’’voids’’ hardening were eliminated as possible major hardening contributors with the exception of the grain size effect. Pure gold with grain sizes ranging from 200 Å to 3 μm were prepared using sputtering deposition by varying the substrate temperature during deposition from 55 to 310 °C. Larger grain sizes from 5 to 200 μm were prepared by annealing cold-drawn gold wire at 300–750 °C. The hardness versus grain diameter followed the Hall-Petch relation up to a grain size of 0.1 μm. Beyond that, the hardness increased less rapidly. At the grain size of electrodeposited hard gold of 250–300 Å, the sputtered pure gold gave the same hardness value also. Therefore, the grain size effect accounts for the observed high hardness of electrodeposited hard gold, with other mechanisms accounting for only small alterations.
Ultrafast circular polarization oscillations in spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser devices (2010)

Spin-polarized lasers offer new encouraging possibilities for future devices. We investigate the polarization dynamics of electrically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers after additional spin injection at room temperature. We find that the circular polarization degree exhibits faster dynamics than the emitted light. Moreover the experimental results demonstrate a strongly damped ultrafast circular polarization oscillation due to spin injection with an oscillation frequency of approximately 11GHz depending on the birefringence in the VCSEL device. We compare our experimental results with theoretical calculations based on rate-equations. This allows us to predict undamped long persisting ultrafast polarization oscillations, which reveal the potential of spin-VCSELs for ultrafast modulation applications.
The role of genetic variation in peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): an original case–control study followed by systematic review and meta‐analysis of existing evidence (2009)

Common polymorphisms in the PPARGC1A, PPAR-delta and PPAR-gamma2 loci are associated with PCOS.
Stereoselective hydroxylation of an achiral cyclopentanecarboxylic acid derivative using engineered P450s BM-3 (2005)

Substrate engineered, achiral carboxylic acid derivative was biohydroxylated with various mutants of cytochrome P450 BM-3 to give two out of the four possible diastereoisomers in high de and ee. The BM-3 mutants exhibit up to 9200 total turnovers for hydroxylation of the engineered substrate, which without the protecting group is not transformed by this enzyme.
Primary plasmacytoma of lymph nodes. (1969)

Solitary plasmacytomas may occur in a variety of organs and tissues, including the conjunctivae, paranasal sinuses and upper respiratory tract, tonsils, stomach, small bowel, kidney, ovaries, lung, and elsewhere. More commonly, however, solitary plasmacytomas have been described as originating in bone, although multiple myeloma subsequently appears in most of these patients. Four cases of plasmacytoma arising in lymph nodes have been reported (1-4), in which there was no abnormality of the bone marrow or of the serum proteins, or other evidence of systemic dissemination. Especially interesting is the relationship of so-called plasmacytomas to multiple myeloma, since some solitary plasmacytomas progress, after months or years, to a clinical picture indistinguishable from multiple myeloma (5). We report two patients who presented with solitary plasmacytomas arising in cervical lymph nodes. After no other foci of disease could be found, the local lesion was widely resected. Results of treatment of solitary plasmacytomas of lymph nodes and the relationship of this lesion to multiple myeloma are discussed.
Recent Advances in Filtered-Air Positive-Pressure (FAPP) Housing for the Production of Disease-Free Chickens (1989)

Design and performance information on a filtered-air positive-pressure (FAPP) housing system for disease-free poultry flocks is presented. The system includes many special features that result in excellent biological security, easy cleanup and maintenance, efficient control of environment, and a centralized alarm in the event of problems. The system has now housed eight flocks without any major problems. Based on its performance thus far, it should be useful as a reliable housing system for disease-free poultry.
Asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes catalysed by a ‘basket-handle’ iron–porphyrin bearing amino acids (1985)

A ‘basket-handle’ iron-porphyrin bearing L-phenylalanine residues has been prepared and found to catalyse the epoxidation of p-chlorostyrene with a 50% excess of the (R)-epoxide, whereas ‘picket’ iron-porphyrins bearing the same amino acid have led to a 10–20% excess of the (S)-epoxide.
Methods for comprehensive experimental identification of RNA-protein interactions (2014)

The importance of RNA-protein interactions in controlling mRNA regulation and non-coding RNA function is increasingly appreciated. A variety of methods exist to comprehensively define RNA-protein interactions. We describe these methods and the considerations required for designing and interpreting these experiments.
A quantitative measurement system of lachman test with force sensor (2010)

Lachman test is a manual test for examining the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). An examiner examines the ACL by feeling finger stress. Some measurement device for Lachman test have been developed. However, they aim to analyze not the stress but a motion of the knee joint. Therefore, we set the goal of this study to develop a measurement system for finger stress with force sensor during Lachman test. In the experiment, one knee of a male without any injury was measured. In the results, the finger stress was observed by finger force sensor. As a result, we could detect the finger stress by the developed system.
10 Gb/s PMD compensation field experiment over 452 km using Principal State Transmission method (2000)

Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) in optical fibers is a major limiting factor for bit rates of 10 Gb/s and more. First-order PMD distorts the signal waveform because of a differential group delay (DGD) between two principal states of polarization defined in the fiber. The PMD compensation ability of the PST method has been demonstrated in high PMD fiber for 10 Gb/s transmission over 452 km of installed fiber. To the best of our knowledge, compensation on an installed single mode optical fiber (SMF) with an average DGD of 60 ps has been demonstrated for the first time. Stable operation of the PST method was confirmed in the presence of 2nd-order PMD through correlation of the measured DGD and bit error rate (BER).
Assessing Disease Severity in Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Using Quantitative MR Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (2007)

This study indicates that brain ADC values acquired using DWI may be used as an independent measure of disease severity and duration in LINCL.
A non-glycosylated, plant-produced human monoclonal antibody against anthrax protective antigen protects mice and non-human primates from<i>B. anthracis</i>spore challenge (2011)

The health and economic burden of infectious diseases in general and bioterrorism in particular necessitate the development of medical countermeasures. One proven approach to reduce the disease burden and spread of pathogen is treatment with monoclonal antibodies (mAb). mAbs can prevent or reduce severity of the disease by variety of mechanisms, including neutralizing pathogen growth, limiting its spread from infected to adjacent cells, or by inhibiting biological activity of toxins, such as anthrax lethal toxin. Here, we report the production of glycosylated (pp-mAb (PA) ) and non-glycosylated (pp-mAb (PANG) ) versions of a plant-derived mAb directed against protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using agroinfiltration. Both forms of the antibody were able to neutralize anthrax lethal toxin activity in vitro and protect mice against an intraperitoneal challenge with spores of B. anthracis Sterne strain. A single 180 µg intraperitoneal dose of pp-mAb (PA) or pp-mAb (PANG) provided 90% and 100% survival, respectively. When tested in non-human primates, pp-mAb (PANG) was demonstrated to be superior to pp-mAb (PA) in that it had a significantly longer terminal half-life and conferred 100% protection against a lethal dose of aerosolized anthrax spore challenge after a single 5 mg/kg intravenous dose compared to a 40% survival rate conferred by pp-mAb (PA) . This study demonstrates the potential of a plant-produced non-glycosylated antibody as a useful tool for the treatment of inhalation anthrax.
Diverse, rare microbial taxa responded to the <i>Deepwater Horizon</i> deep-sea hydrocarbon plume (2015)

The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil well blowout generated an enormous plume of dispersed hydrocarbons that substantially altered the Gulf of Mexico's deep-sea microbial community. A significant enrichment of distinct microbial populations was observed, yet, little is known about the abundance and richness of specific microbial ecotypes involved in gas, oil and dispersant biodegradation in the wake of oil spills. Here, we document a previously unrecognized diversity of closely related taxa affiliating with Cycloclasticus, Colwellia and Oceanospirillaceae and describe their spatio-temporal distribution in the Gulf's deepwater, in close proximity to the discharge site and at increasing distance from it, before, during and after the discharge. A highly sensitive, computational method (oligotyping) applied to a data set generated from 454-tag pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene V4-V6 regions, enabled the detection of population dynamics at the sub-operational taxonomic unit level (0.2% sequence similarity). The biogeochemical signature of the deep-sea samples was assessed via total cell counts, concentrations of short-chain alkanes (C1-C5), nutrients, (colored) dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, as well as methane oxidation rates. Statistical analysis elucidated environmental factors that shaped ecologically relevant dynamics of oligotypes, which likely represent distinct ecotypes. Major hydrocarbon degraders, adapted to the slow-diffusive natural hydrocarbon seepage in the Gulf of Mexico, appeared unable to cope with the conditions encountered during the DWH spill or were outcompeted. In contrast, diverse, rare taxa increased rapidly in abundance, underscoring the importance of specialized sub-populations and potential ecotypes during massive deep-sea oil discharges and perhaps other large-scale perturbations.
Fabrication of a Configurable, Single-Use Microfluidic Device (2001)

This paper describes microfluidic devices that contain connections that can be opened by the user after fabrication. The devices are fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and comprise disconnected fluidic channels that are separated by 20 microm of PDMS. Applying voltages above the breakdown voltage of PDMS (21 V/microm) opened pathways between disconnected channels. Fluids could then be pumped through the openings. The voltage used and the ionic strength of the buffer in the channels determined the size of the opening. Opening connections in a specific order provides the means to control complex reactions on the device. A device for ELISA was fabricated to demonstrate the ability to store and deliver fluids on demand.
IRE1α-XBP1s pathway promotes prostate cancer by activating c-MYC signaling (2019)

Activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/the unfolded protein response (UPR) has been linked to cancer, but the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood and there is a paucity of reagents to translate this for cancer therapy. Here, we report that an IRE1α RNase-specific inhibitor, MKC8866, strongly inhibits prostate cancer (PCa) tumor growth as monotherapy in multiple preclinical models in mice and shows synergistic antitumor effects with current PCa drugs. Interestingly, global transcriptomic analysis reveal that IRE1α-XBP1s pathway activity is required for c-MYC signaling, one of the most highly activated oncogenic pathways in PCa. XBP1s is necessary for optimal c-MYC mRNA and protein expression, establishing, for the first time, a direct link between UPR and oncogene activation. In addition, an XBP1-specific gene expression signature is strongly associated with PCa prognosis. Our data establish IRE1α-XBP1s signaling as a central pathway in PCa and indicate that its targeting may offer novel treatment strategies.
Physiological adaptations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae evolved for improved butanol tolerance (2013)

The study demonstrates several differences between the butanol tolerant mutant and the wild type. Upregulation of proteins involved in the mitochondrial ATP synthesizing machinery constituents and glycerol biosynthesis seem to be beneficial for a successful adaptation of yeast cells to butanol stress.
Novel ion mobility setup combined with collision cell and time-of-flight mass spectrometer (2006)

An ion mobility cell of a novel type was coupled to an orthogonal injection time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. The mobility cell operates at low-pressure and contains a segmented RF ion guide providing an axial electric field that drives the ions towards the exit. A flow of gas is arranged inside the ion guide in such a way that the gas drag counteracts the force exerted by the axial field. Ions with different mobility coefficients can be scanned out of the ion guide by ramping the axial field strength. The ions can be analyzed intact or fragmented in a collision cell before introduction into an orthogonal TOF mass spectrometer. An ion source with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) was attached to the instrument. The setup was evaluated for the analysis of peptide and protein mixture, with sequential fragmentation of multiple precursor ions from a protein digest and with mobility separation of fragment ions formed by in-source fragmentation of pure peptides. The mobility resolution for peptides was observed to be three times higher than the theoretical resolution predicted for a classical mobility setup with similar operating conditions (pressure, field strength, and length).
Fifty Years of the Neugebauer Equations (1990)

To appreciate the contribution of Dr. Neugebauer, it is useful to understand the art of color reproduction in printing as it was practiced in the United States from 1930 to 1940. Color printing by lithography, letterpress, and gravure in the 18th century was an art form. Color printing plates were created and printed by artists. Dramatic results required the use of several plates. In the early part of the century J.C. LeBlon made color prints using four plates, red, yellow, blue and black. He is often credited with the theory of three-color printing which states that all colors can be produced with this limited palette. His ideas and the method of producing images by hand engraving continued to be the practice even after photomechanical processes were well developed, and the practice survived well into the 20th century.
Molecular Cloning and Functional Analysis of Gene Clusters for the Biosynthesis of Indole-Diterpenes in Penicillium crustosum and P. janthinellum (2015)

The penitremane and janthitremane families of indole-diterpenes are abundant natural products synthesized by Penicillium crustosum and P. janthinellum. Using a combination of PCR, cosmid library screening, and Illumina sequencing we have identified gene clusters encoding enzymes for the synthesis of these compounds. Targeted deletion of penP in P. crustosum abolished the synthesis of penitrems A, B, D, E, and F, and led to accumulation of paspaline, a key intermediate for paxilline biosynthesis in P. paxilli. Similarly, deletion of janP and janD in P. janthinellum abolished the synthesis of prenyl-elaborated indole-diterpenes, and led to accumulation in the latter of 13-desoxypaxilline, a key intermediate for the synthesis of the structurally related aflatremanes synthesized by Aspergillus flavus. This study helps resolve the genetic basis for the complexity of indole-diterpene natural products found within the Penicillium and Aspergillus species. All indole-diterpene gene clusters identified to date have a core set of genes for the synthesis of paspaline and a suite of genes encoding multi-functional cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, FAD dependent monooxygenases, and prenyl transferases that catalyse various regio- and stereo- specific oxidations that give rise to the diversity of indole-diterpene products synthesized by this group of fungi.
Improving Term Extraction Using Particle Swarm Optimization Techniques (2010)

Problem statement: Term extraction is one of the layers in the ontology development process which has the task to extract all the terms contained in the input document automatically. The purpose of this process is to generate list of terms that are relevant to the domain of the input document. In the literature there are many approaches, techniques and algorithms used for term extraction where each of approaches, techniques and algorithms has the objective to improve the precision of the extracted terms. Approach: We proposed a new approach using particle swarm optimization techniques in order to improve the precision of term extraction results. We choose five features to represent the term score. Results: The approach had been applied to the domain of Islamic documents. We compare our term extraction method with TFIDF, Weirdness, GlossaryExtraction and TermExtractor. Conclusion: The experimental results showed that our proposed approach achieves better precision than those four algorithms.
Procalcitonin in the early phase after renal transplantation – will it add to diagnostic accuracy? (1998)

The determination of serum procalcitonin (PCT) was tested for its utility in detecting invasive bacterial infection and acute rejection during the first 6 wk after kidney transplantation. Fifty-seven kidney graft recipients were prospectively included in the study. In 13/57 patients, 16 episodes of acute biopsy-proven rejection occurred and were treated with high-dose steroids (n = 14) or with OKT3 (n = 2). Seventeen out of 57 patients experienced 19 invasive bacterial infections; 2/57 had partial graft necrosis due to malperfusion. Twenty-five out of 57 graft recipients experienced an uncomplicated postoperative course. A total of 116 samples were analyzed and the following data obtained: PCT, C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC) count, corresponding body temperature and serum creatinine. Procalcitonin values for patients with rejection did not differ significantly from those of the healthy transplant recipients (p = 0.47). In contrast, PCT was clearly elevated with invasive bacterial infection or partial graft necrosis (p < 0.01). OKT3 treatment of rejection led to a more than 10-fold increase in PCT. C-reactive protein, unlike PCT, was elevated to a variable extent in patients with graft rejection, though CRP values were significantly more elevated in patients with infection than in those with rejection (p < 0.01). The specifity for detection of invasive bacterial infection was 0.7 for PCT and 0.43 for CRP, whereas sensitivity was 0.87 for PCT and 1.0 for CRP. There was no correlation between PCT and serum creatinine (r = 0.06). Haemodialysis did not lower PCT serum concentrations. Procalcitonin values rose postoperatively to peak levels on the first and second days and mostly declined to normals within 1 wk. In conclusion PCT, not being influenced by acute kidney graft rejection but serving as a specific indicator of systemic bacterial infection, could help to discriminate between both types of inflammation.
Modeling Quality of Service for Workflows and Web Service Processes (2002)

Workflow management systems (WfMSs) have been used to support various types of business processes for more than a decade now. In workflows for e-commerce and Web-services applications, suppliers and customers define a binding agreement or contract between the two parties, specifying Quality of Service (QoS) items such as products or services to be delivered, deadlines, quality of products, and cost of services. The management of QoS metrics directly impacts the success of organizations participating in e-commerce. Therefore, when services or products are created or managed using workflows, the underlying workflow system must accept the specifications and be able to estimate, monitor, and control the QoS rendered to customers. In this paper, we present a predictive QoS model that makes it possible to compute the quality of service for workflows automatically based on atomic task QoS attributes. To this end, we present a model that specifies QoS and describe an algorithm and a simulation system in order to compute, analyze and monitor workflow QoS metrics. 1