gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bearings-only Tracking Algorithm Based on IUKF for Single-Satellite Observation of Space Objects (2013)

An IUKF(Iterated Unscented Kalman Filter) algorithm based on iterated measurement update method is proposed for use during single-satellite bearings-only tracking of space objects to solve the problem of low object tracking filtering accuracy and stability because of low nonlinear approximation accuracy of conventional UKF measurement update methods.As a result of the increase of the approximation accuracy of nonlinear system states during measurement update,the accuracy of object tracking filter is increased.Furthermore,damping Gauss-Newton method with global convergence is introduced to increase the numerical stability of IUKF.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that IUKF has benefits such as avoiding calculation of Jacobian matrix and Hessian matrix besides having higher nonlinear approximation accuracy and numerical stability.
Chromatic aberrations correction for imaging spectrometer based on acousto-optic tunable filter with two transducers (2017)

The acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) with wide wavelength range and high spectral resolution has long crystal and two transducers. A longer crystal length leads to a bigger chromatic focal shift and the double-transducer arrangement induces angular mutation in diffracted beam, which increase difficulty in longitudinal and lateral chromatic aberration correction respectively. In this study, the two chromatic aberrations are analyzed quantitatively based on an AOTF optical model and a novel catadioptric dual-path configuration is proposed to correct both the chromatic aberrations. The test results exhibit effectiveness of the optical configuration for this type of AOTF-based imaging spectrometer.
An experimental study of a metal-oxide-semiconductor photomultiplier (1989)

An investigation of the solid-state metal-oxide-semiconductor photomultiplier (MOSPM) has been performed. A semiquantitative description is given of the MOSPM and associated device physics. Experimental results are presented and interpreted, including the electrical response in the dark, the optical response, the dependence on applied voltage ramp rate, the dependence on light-pulse rise-time, and the effects of background light and optical intensity. An experimental comparison of the MOSPM with a GaAs photomultiplier tube (PMT) is also made. In terms of responsivity, the present MOSPM is equivalent to that for the PMT operated at 1300 V. However, the noise for the MOSPM under the present operating conditions is three orders of magnitude larger than that for the PMT. Methods for significantly reducing the noise are discussed. The MOSPM appears to have potential for utilization in the detection of low-intensity, fast-rise time light pulses.
Theory and application of highly magnetoelastic Metglas 2605SC (invited) (1982)

We show by a variety of experiments that the magnetomechanical coupling k in Metglas 2605SC has larger values than in any other device material. Our Mössbauer experiments show that the anisotropy axis is quite well defined when compared with Metglas 2605CO. The small value of the anisotropy and the well defined axis lead to a value of 7 for the ‘‘ΔE effect,’’ a very large value. By assuming a small vestigial shear stress we derive from basic principles expressions that describe the macroscopic magnetoelastic characteristics of 2605SC. We are able to fit our dynamic coupling factor data with parameters from our static stress measurements. This is the first time such a description has been presented, and we use it to predict the performance of a magnetomechanical strain gage. We show that such a strain gage can have 103 to 105 more sensitivity than a conventional strain gage. We discuss the attempts of other authors to build devices and present prototype device designs. We show that the material has other advantages for devices such as a lack of Barkhausen noise and good low frequency characteristics.
Preparation of a Translucent, Conductive, Porous Nanocomposite (2003)

A translucent, conductive, porous nanocomposite was designed and prepared by depositing SnO 2 on the inner surfaces of the pores of a porous glass plate and on its outer surface using a chemical vapor deposition method. The porous nanocomposite almost maintained its large surface area and pore volume because the pores remained open after they were deposited with SnO 2 . Conductivity between the two outer surfaces of the nanocomposite plate was confirmed for the first time.
Release of Soluble Fibronectin Containing an Extra Type III Domain (ED1) during Acute Pulmonary Injury Mediated by Oxidants or Leukocytes <i>In Vivo</i> (1988)

This study was undertaken to determine if fibronectin containing an extra type III domain (ED1) is released during inflammatory injury of pulmonary tissue in vivo. ED1 fibronectin, measured by quantitative immunoassay, was markedly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (2 and 4 h posttreatment) from rabbits with lung injury resulting from intrabronchial treatment with glucose oxidase and glucose to generate H2O2. This protein comprised a greater portion of total fibronectin in BAL fluid than in plasma, suggesting local release. Leukocyte-mediated lung injury after intrabronchial or intravenous treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) also affected ED1 fibronectin, triggering specific accumulation of this fibronectin variant in both BAL fluid and plasma. ED1 fibronectin in tissue fluids was largely intact and dimeric during injury, as demonstrated by Western blot analysis. Compartmental release of soluble ED1 fibronectin reflects acute pulmonary injury induced by oxidants or leukocytes in vivo.
P‐glycoprotein functions as an immunomodulator in healthy human primary nasal epithelial cells (2013)

P-gp is functionally active in PNECCs. P-gp participates in modulation of epithelial secretion of LPS stimulated IL-6, GM-CSF, and TSLP.
AUTOREGULATORY FUNCTIONING OF A DROSOPHILA GENE PRODUCT THAT ESTABLISHES AND MAINTAINS THE SEXUALLY DETERMINED STATE (1984)

Sxl appears to head a regulatory gene hierarchy that controls Drosophila sexual dimorphism in response to the X chromosome/autosome balance. Only XXAA cells normally have Sxl(+) activity. It maintains both the female morphogenetic sequence and a level of X-linked dosage-compensated gene expression compatible with diplo-X cell survival. In the absence of this activity, male sexual development and dosage-compensated gene hyperactivation ensure. Loss-of-function Sxl mutations generally have female-specific lethal effects caused by upsets in dosage compensation. New female-viable Sxl mutant alleles and combinations which lack Sxl's female sex determination function, yet still provide sufficient dosage compensation function for diplo-X survival, are described here. Consequently, such mutants cause genotypic females to develop as phenotypic males. Some of these sex-transforming Sxl mutants do not require the maternally produced da(+) activity that is normally essential for the functioning of zygotic Sxl alleles. In this paper, products of these unusual alleles are shown to act in trans to induce the expression of zygotic Sxl(+) alleles that would otherwise be unable to function due to a lack of maternal da(+) activity. This result indicates a third function for Sxl(+) product: a positive autoregulatory role. Controls for the autoregulation experiments demonstrated the sex-trans-forming epigenetic effect of the da mutation for the first time in diploids. In these experiments the female-specific zygotic lethal effects that normally would have accompanied loss of maternal da(+) activity were suppressed by mutations known to block dosage-compensation gene hyperactivation-the autosomal, male-specific lethals. Three types of abnormal sexual phenotypes were produced in the experiments described here, each with important implications for the mechanism of sex determination: (1) a true intersex phenotype produced by one particular Sxl allele shows that Sxl(+) must be involved in the cellular response to the X/A balance rather than in its establishment; (2) a maternally induced, female-sterile phenotype indicates that either the process of autoregulation or the mutants used to demonstrate it are tissue specific and (3) a mosaic intersexual phenotype whose character implies that the Sxl(+ ) activity level is set early in development, both by the da( +)-mediated X/A balance signal and by autoregulation, and is maintained subsequently in a cell autonomous fashion, independent of the initiating X/A balance signal. Thus, this study supports the view that sex determination is truly determinative in the standard developmental sense, and that Sxl is the carrier of the sexually determined state.
Digital arithmetic units for a high data rate (1975)

The input rate of a digital data processor is determined by the clock speed of the logic used and this is limited by the settling time. The settling time for some key functions can be significantly reduced by modifying the timing of a logic-in-memory system. The clock speed of a multiplier or accumulator can be increased to almost the maximum toggle-speed of the shift register elements used, by conversion from parallel to diagonal timing. A multiplier has been designed which can accept one complete set of input coefficients per clock cycle at these speeds.
Microsatellite instability in early onset and familial colorectal cancer. (1996)

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC) is often considered to be the most common form of inherited colorectal cancer, although its precise incidence is unknown. The clinical diagnosis of HNPCC relies on a combination of family history and young age of onset of colorectal cancer, but as many familial aggregations of colorectal cancer do not fulfil the strict diagnostic criteria, HNPCC might be underdiagnosed. The majority of HNPCC families have germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, such as MSH2 or MLH1, so that HNPCC cancers characteristically exhibit DNA replication errors (RERs) at microsatellite loci. Although an RER positive phenotype in tumours can also result from somatic mutations in an MMR gene, the prevalence of RER + tumours should provide a maximum estimate of the incidence of germline MMR gene mutations in patients with early onset and familial colorectal cancer. We investigated colorectal cancers for RERs from (1) a population based study of 33 patients with colorectal cancer aged 45 years or less, (2) 65 kindreds with familial colorectal cancer which only partially fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of HNPCC, and (3) 18 cancers from 12 HNPCC kindreds. Seven of 33 patients (21%) with colorectal cancer aged 45 years or less had an RER + cancer, with only two of these having a clear family history of HNPCC. A greater proportion of RER + tumours (5/7) occurred proximal to the splenic flexure than RER - tumours (4/26; chi2 = 6.14, p < 0.025). RERs were detected in all 18 cancers from HNPCC patients but in only six of 65 non-HNPCC familial colorectal cancer kindreds (9%; chi2 = 52.2, p < 0.0005). These findings suggest that most cancers in patients diagnosed at 45 years of age or less and familial aggregations of colorectal cancer which do not fulfil HNPCC diagnostic criteria do not have germline mutations in MSH2 and MLH1. Hence population screening for germline mutations in these genes is unlikely to be an efficient strategy for identifying people at high risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Stereoselective effect of phenprocoumon enantiomers on the binding of benzodiazepines to human serum albumin (1992)

The effect of phenprocoumon enantiomers on the stereoselective binding of 3-substituted 1,4-benzodiazepines to human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by chromatography on HSA-Sepharose column. (S)-Phenprocoumon exerts stereoselective allosteric interaction on the binding of benzodiazepines. The structural requirements of enhanced stereoselectivities are similar to those found previously with (S)-warfarin.
Tuning and testing scrolling interfaces that automatically zoom (2005)

Speed dependent automatic zooming (SDAZ) is a promising refinement to scrolling in which documents are automatically zoomed-out as the scroll rate increases. By automatically zooming, the visual flow rate is reduced enabling rapid scrolling without motion blur. In order to aid SDAZ calibration we theoretically and empirically scrutinise human factors of the speed/zoom relationship. We then compare user performance with four alternative text-document scrolling systems, two of which employ automatic zooming. One of these systems, which we term 'DDAZ', is based on van Wijk and Nuij's recent and important theory that calculates optimal pan/zoom paths between known locations in 2D space. van Wijk and Nuij suggested that their theory could be applied to scrolling, but did not implement or test their formulaic suggestions. Participants in our evaluation (n=27) completed scrolling tasks most rapidly when using SDAZ, followed by DDAZ, normal scrollbars, and traditional rate-based scrolling. Workload assessments and preferences strongly favoured SDAZ. We finish by examining issues for consideration in commercial deployments.
Towards a denser frequency grid in phase measurements using mixer-based receivers (2015)

In this paper a new method to achieve a dense frequency grid in synchronous phase measurements is presented. This technique is suitable to use with instruments that employ a mixer-based internal architecture. Contrary to other works, the grid density is not being enhanced through the increase of the comb-generator (CG) output tone density, nor through the use of successive multi-sine waveforms. The technique proposed uses the same reference signals for any band measurable by the instrument. Besides, the power of each CG output tone is also kept at a high level. The tradeoff is the requirement for wide-band receivers, which are already commonly present in modern instrumentation. Multi-sine phase measurements performed with a nonlinear vector network analyzer (NVNA) will be compared with results obtained using the new technique (and performed by commercial mixer-based receivers). The comparisons will be used to validate the suggested method.
Optimization of Electronically Controlled Injectors for Direct Injection of Natural Gas in Diesel Engines (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An attempt is made to develop solenoid operated injectors for diesel engines, to inject natural gas directly into the combustion chamber at high pressure. These new injectors have the size of conventional diesel injectors with small but powerful solenoids located in the former spring chamber, and the spring is moved to a location closer to the nozzle. To provide fast opening and closing of the nozzle, a multiobjective optimization method is used to select the design variables of the injector. The mathematical model used for optimization is developed with the help of experimental results obtained from the solenoid force measurements at transient conditions. The optimization results did show good dynamic performance of the injector, despite the use of a small size solenoid actuator.</div>
Fructan Synthesis in Excised Barley Leaves (Identification of Two Sucrose-Sucrose Fructosyltransferases Induced by Light and Their Separation from Constitutive Invertases) (1993)

Excised leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) exposed to continuous light accumulate large amounts of soluble carbohydrates. Carbohydrates were analyzed in deionized extracts by high-pressure liquid chromatography on an anion exchange column coupled with pulsed amperometric detection. During the first few hours of illumination, the main sugar to accumulate was sucrose. The levels of glucose and fructans (oligofructosylsucroses) increased later. The trisaccharide 1-kestose (1-kestotriose) predominated initially among the fructans. Later, 6-kestose (6-kestotriose) and tetra- and pentasaccharides accumulated also. Total extracts from barley leaves were chromatographed on a MonoQ column, and each fraction was assayed for enzymes of interest by incubation with 200 mM sucrose for 3 h, followed by carbohydrate analysis. Freshly excised leaves yielded two peaks of invertase, characterized by formation of fructose and glucose, but had almost no trisaccharide-forming activities. In leaves exposed to continuous light, two new enzyme activities appeared that generated fructan-related trisaccharides and glucose from sucrose. One of them was a sucrose-sucrose fructosyl-1-transferase (1-SST), producing 1-kestose exclusively: the peak fractions of this activity contained almost no invertase. The other was a sucrose-sucrose fructosyl-6-transferase (6-SST), producing 6-kestose. It comigrated with one of the constitutive invertases on MonoQ but was separated from it by subsequent chromatography on alkyl Superose. Nevertheless, the preparation retained invertase activity, suggesting that this enzyme may act both as fructosidase and fructosyltransferase. When incubated with 1-kestose in addition to sucrose, this enzyme formed less 6-kestose but instead produced large amounts of the tetrasaccharide bifurcose (1&6-kestotetraose), the main fructan tetrasaccharide accumulating in vivo. These results suggest that two inducible enzymes, 1-SST and 6-SST, act in concert to initiate fructan accumulation in barley leaves.
Oxidation of Phenols with Cupric Salts (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of Phenols with Cupric SaltsWarren W. KaedingCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 4, 1063–1067Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01039a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01039a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views300Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Strain glass transition in a multifunctional β-type Ti alloy (2014)

Recently, a class of multifunctional Ti alloys called GUM metals attracts tremendous attentions for their superior mechanical behaviors (high strength, high ductility and superelasticity) and novel physical properties (Invar effect, Elinvar effect and low modulus). The Invar and Elinvar effects are known to originate from structural or magnetic transitions, but none of these transitions were found in the GUM metals. This challenges our fundamental understanding of their physical properties. In this study, we show that the typical GUM metal Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr-1.2O (at%) alloy undergoes a strain glass transition, where martensitic nano-domains are frozen gradually over a broad temperature range by random point defects. These nano-domains develop strong texture after cold rolling, which causes the lattice elongation in the rolling direction associated with the transition upon cooling and leads to its Invar effect. Moreover, its Elinvar effect and low modulus can also be explained by the nano-domain structure of strain glass.
Evaluating Rodenticide Use Impacts on Agricultural Production (1988)

It is widely recognized that vertebrate pests cause serious economic losses by reducing agricultural production and by adding to production costs when control programs are conducted. Despite this, most vertebrate pest control programs are implemented without accurate knowledge of the potential losses prevented or the relevant economic benefits accrued from specific control strategies. One method of evaluating potential benefit/cost of vertebrate pest control is to establish the actual vertebrate pest damage sustained and compare that to control costs assumed necessary to prevent the vertebrate damage. This approach suffers from several shortcomings, including: (1) inherently large inputs required to assess damage over a large area; (2) limitations because data are influenced by current control programs; and (3) vertebrate damage averaged over large areas often appears small compared to other production costs, despite the fact that some crops (locations) may be intensively damaged. One method of overcoming these problems is to determine rodenticide use patterns, that is, type and quantity of material used, target species, and acreage and value of crops treated, and relate these to potential or theoretical crop protection. A range of damage levels can be used to develop “what if” scenarios relating to specific crops and target species. These create a picture of the potential protection afforded by the specific control program. While considerable efforts are required to obtain this data, they serve to demonstrate the theoretical value of a particular rodenticide or control program. This information is extremely important to regulators and others making decisions affecting current vertebrate pest control programs. Such an approach has been used to illustrate the impact of rodenticide use in one California county.
Comparative and Functional Analysis of Sortase-Dependent Proteins in the Predicted Secretome of <i>Lactobacillus salivarius</i> UCC118 (2006)

Surface proteins are important factors in the interaction of probiotic and pathogenic bacteria with their environment or host. We performed a comparative bioinformatic analysis of four publicly available Lactobacillus genomes and the genome of Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius strain UCC118 to identify secreted proteins and those linked to the cell wall. Proteins were identified which were predicted to be anchored by WXL-binding domains, N- or C-terminal anchors, GW repeats, lipoprotein anchors, or LysM-binding domains. We identified 10 sortase-dependent surface proteins in L. salivarius UCC118, including three which are homologous to mucus-binding proteins (LSL_0152, LSL_0311, and LSL_1335), a collagen-binding protein homologue (LSL_2020b), two hypothetical proteins (LSL_1838 and LSL_1902b), an enterococcal surface protein homologue (LSL_1085), a salivary agglutinin-binding homologue (LSL_1832b), an epithelial binding protein homologue (LSL_1319), and a proteinase homologue (LSL_1774b). However, two of the genes are gene fragments and four are pseudogenes, suggesting a lack of selection for their function. Two of the 10 genes were not transcribed in vitro, and 1 gene showed a 10-fold increase in transcript level in stationary phase compared to logarithmic phase. The sortase gene was deleted, and three genes encoding sortase-dependent proteins were disrupted. The sortase mutant and one sortase-dependent protein (mucus-binding homologue) mutant showed a significant reduction in adherence to human epithelial cell lines. The genome-wide investigation of surface proteins can thus help our understanding of their roles in host interaction.