gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Inoculation Methods and Quality Control for the NCCLS Oxacillin Agar Screen Test for Detection of Oxacillin Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2001)

To define more precisely the inoculation methods to be used in the oxacillin screen test for Staphylococcus aureus, we tested agar screen plates prepared in house with 6 microg of oxacillin/ml and 4% NaCl using the four different inoculation methods that would most likely be used by clinical laboratories. The organisms selected for testing were 19 heteroresistant mecA-producing strains and 41 non-mecA-producing strains for which oxacillin MICs were near the susceptible breakpoint. The inoculation method that was preferred by all four readers and that resulted in the best combination of sensitivity and specificity was a 1-microl loopful of a 0.5 McFarland suspension. A second objective of the study was to then use this method to inoculate plates from five different manufacturers of commercially prepared media. Although all commercial media performed with acceptable sensitivity compared to the reference lot, one of the commercial lots demonstrated a lack of specificity. Those lots of oxacillin screen medium that fail to grow heteroresistant strains can be detected by using S. aureus ATCC 43300 as a positive control in the test and by using transmitted light to carefully examine the plates for any growth. However, lack of specificity with commercial lots may be difficult to detect using any of the current quality control organisms.
Interfacing CMOS electronics to biological systems: from single molecules to cellular communities (2014)

Direct electronic interfaces between biological systems and solid-state devices offer considerable advantages over traditional optical interfaces by reducing system costs and affording increased signal levels. Integrating sensor transduction onto a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chip provides further advantages by enabling reduction of parasitics and improved sensor density. We present two sensing platforms that demonstrate the range of capabilities of CMOS-based bioelectronics. The first platform electrochemically images signaling molecules in multicellular communities, while the second focuses on single-molecule, high-bandwidth sensing using carbon nanotube field-effect transistors.
Electroconvulsive Therapy Stimulus Parameters (2010)

In this article, we review the parameters that define the electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) electrical stimulus and discuss their biophysical roles. We also present the summary metrics of charge and energy that are conventionally used to describe the dose of ECT and the rules commonly deployed to individualize the dose for each patient. We then highlight the limitations of these summary metrics and dosing rules in that they do not adequately capture the roles of the distinct stimulus parameters. Specifically, there is strong theoretical and empirical evidence that stimulus parameters (pulse amplitude, shape, and width, and train frequency, directionality, polarity, and duration) exert unique neurobiological effects that are important for understanding ECT outcomes. Consideration of the distinct stimulus parameters, in conjunction with electrode placement, is central to further optimization of ECT dosing paradigms to improve the risk-benefit ratio. Indeed, manipulation of specific parameters, such as reduction of pulse width and increase in number of pulses, has already resulted in dramatic reduction of adverse effects, while maintaining efficacy. Furthermore, the manipulation of other parameters, such as current amplitude, which are commonly held at fixed, high values, might be productively examined as additional means of targeting and individualizing the stimulus, potentially reducing adverse effects. We recommend that ECT dose be defined using all stimulus parameters rather than a summary metric. All stimulus parameters should be noted in treatment records and published reports. To enable research on optimization of dosing paradigms, we suggest that ECT devices provide capabilities to adjust and display all stimulus parameters.
Synthese von substituierten Phenylcinnolyl‐Sulfiden und ‐ Sulfonen 2. Mitt. Cinnoline (1970)

Abstract Vier neue Phenylcinnolylsulfide wurden aus 4‐Chlor‐6,7‐dimethoxycinnolin und substituierten Thiophenolen in Gegenwart von Natriumäthylat dargestellt. Diese und 8 weitere Sulfide wurden mit Wasserstoffperoxid in Essigsäure zu den entsprechenden N‐Oxidsulfonen oxidiert.
The Capacitive Sensor for Liquid Level Measurement Made with Ink-jet Printing Technology (2015)

The paper reports a capacitive sensor for measuring liquid level which was fully fabricated with the inkjet printing technology. The liquid level measurement based on capacitive sensing is already well known technique. The novelty of presented capacitive sensor is used technology, obtained structure flexibility and its dimension. The sensor structure was printed on a thin Kapton substrate with dimensions of 210 mm x 12 mm, and the thickness approximately 27 μm. The sensor was tested on a vessel witch was filled and emptied with water. The tests shown sensor linearity in liquid level sensing and the lack of hysteresis. Obtained sensitivity of the prototype sensor was approximately 74·10-3 pF/mm. The sensor structure can be applied to any shape of vessel. Furthermore, its construction is very simple and in mass production costs could be extremely low. This type of sensor was designed especially for autonomous cleaning and washing machines for large areas.
Impaired involution of mammary glands in the absence of milk fat globule EGF factor 8 (2005)

During the involution of mammary glands, epithelial cells undergo apoptosis and are cleared for the next cycle of lactation. The clearance of apoptotic epithelial cells is mediated by neighboring epithelial cells and by macrophages that migrate into the mammary glands. Here, we report that milk fat globule EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8), a secreted glycoprotein that binds to apoptotic cells by recognizing phosphatidylserine, was expressed by epithelial cells and macrophages in mammary glands and was involved in engulfment of apoptotic cells. A deficiency of MFG-E8 caused the accumulation of a large number of milk fat globules (MFGs) in the mammary ducts during involution, indicating that the excess MFGs were cleared by an MFG-E8-dependent mechanism. The MFG-E8(-/-) mice developed mammary duct ectasia with periductal mastitis, and the redevelopment of the mammary gland for their second litter was impaired. These results demonstrate that MFG-E8-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic epithelial cells and MFGs is important for efficient involution of mammary glands.
Negative Regulation of JNK Signaling by the Tumor Suppressor CYLD (2004)

CYLD is a tumor suppressor that is mutated in familial cylindromatosis, an autosomal dominant predisposition to multiple tumors of the skin appendages. Recent studies suggest that transfected CYLD has deubiquitinating enzyme activity and inhibits the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. However, the role of endogenous CYLD in regulating cell signaling remains poorly defined. Here we report a critical role for CYLD in negatively regulating the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK). CYLD knockdown by RNA interference results in hyper-activation of JNK by diverse immune stimuli, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, lipopolysaccharide, and an agonistic anti-CD40 antibody. The JNK-inhibitory function of CYLD appears to be specific for immune receptors because the CYLD knockdown has no significant effect on stress-induced JNK activation. Consistently, CYLD negatively regulates the activation of MKK7, an upstream kinase known to mediate JNK activation by immune stimuli. We further demonstrate that CYLD also negatively regulates IkappaB kinase, although this function of CYLD is seen in a receptor-dependent manner. These findings identify the JNK signaling pathway as a major downstream target of CYLD and suggest a receptor-dependent role of CYLD in regulating the IkappaB kinase pathway.
Endocrine control and physiology of the prostate (1980)

The endocrine control of prostatic physiology and anatomy is reviewed with emphasis on those factors in the hypothalamus and anterior adenohypophysis which affect the gland either directly or through the testes. The role of circulating estrogens and androgens and their binding to plasma proteins is presented, and the intracellular metabolism of testosterone, particularly in relation to specific receptors, is summarized. The possible significance of intracellular events in prostate cancer development is considered with particular emphasis on those parameters which may reside outside the endocrine effects on the prostatic cells.
Trifluoromethanesulfonamides and Related Compounds (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTTrifluoromethanesulfonamides and Related CompoundsBagrat A. Shainyan* and Ljudmila L. TolstikovaView Author Information A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Science, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 1, 699–733Publication Date (Web):November 20, 2012Publication History Received1 June 2012Published online20 November 2012Published inissue 9 January 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr300220hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr300220hreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8020Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Chemical reactions,Reaction products,Salts,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Transfer of risk: "right to sue" legislation and managed care organization stock performance. (2001)

We examined whether Congress's consideration of legislation that gave consumers the right to sue managed care organizations impacted the performance of these companies' stocks relative to that of the market. For each company examined, the total return related to such legislation was negative and substantially lower than that expected from the market model; losses in market value were from 17 percent to 48 percent for individual companies and 22 percent for a capitalization-weighted portfolio. The study suggests that equity markets responded to the proposed legislation quickly and that the impact of proposed legislation is felt through loss of market value and increased corporate risk.
Enhancement of Neisseria meningitidis infection in mice by addition of iron bound to transferrin (1981)

Small quantities of iron bound specifically to human transferrin were found to stimulate infection with Neisseria meningitidis strain M1011 in mice. An intraperitoneal injection of 17.5 mg of transferrin carrying 22.7 micrograms of Fe resulted in 100% mortality from infection, as compared with no mortality for the controls which had received saline. Five milligrams of ferri-transferrin (FeTf), carrying 6.5 micrograms of Fe, stimulated and prolonged bacteremia in the mice. Thus, FeTf maintained infection, whereas infection was controlled due to iron limitation in control mice. Comparative studies with apotransferrin (iron-free) revealed that the enhancement of infection was due to the supply of iron. FeTf was also found to relieve an iron limitation of growth achieved by ethylenediaminedihydroxyphenylacetic acid (EDDA) in vitro. FeTf abolished the lag phase for growth of N. meningitidis in a defined medium. The results of this study suggest that human FeTf is an immediate source of iron to N. meningitidis both in vitro and in vivo. These findings support the hypothesis that the levels of iron in the circulating transferrin pool of mice determine the course of experimental N. meningitidis infection.
Water-Soluble and Blue Luminescent Cationic Polyelectrolytes Based on Poly(<i>p</i>-phenylene) (1999)

Two new (dialkylamino)ethoxy-substituted poly(p-phenylene)s (PPP) have been prepared, poly[2,5-bis(3-{N,N-diethylamino}-1-oxapropyl)-1,4-phenylene-alt-1,4-phenylene] (P−NEt2) and poly[2,5-bis(3-{N,N-dimethylamino}-1-oxapropyl)-1,4-phenylene-alt-1,4-phenylene] (P−NMe2). These PPPs were synthesized via Pd-catalyzed Suzuki polymerization and are soluble in organic solvents (THF, chloroform) and dilute aqueous acid. Water-soluble quaternary ammonium functionalized PPPs, poly[2,5-bis(3-{N,N,N-triethylammonium}-1-oxapropyl)-1,4-phenylene-alt-1,4-phenylene] dibromide (P−NEt3+) and poly[2,5-bis(3-{N,N,N-trimethylammonium}-1-oxapropyl)-1,4-phenylene-alt-1,4-phenylene] dibromide (P−NMe3+), were easily prepared from the neutral polymers. Number-average molecular weights ranging from 5000 to 19 000 g mol-1 were measured by GPC (relative to PS standards), and these values were standardized to PPP's via universal calibration. The neutral polymer is stable to over 300 °C by TGA, while the alkylated polymers begin to dealkylate at 230 °C. The polymer's electronic absorption is dependent on quaternization with the neutral polymer having a λmax at 350 nm, while the triethyl quaternized polymer's λmax shifts to 330 nm. This corresponds to an electronic band gap (Eg) shift from 3.0 to 3.3 eV where Eg is defined as the onset of the π to π* transition. The polymers luminesce blue light with an intensity that is a function of ionic composition, allowing them to be used as emitting materials in LED's constructed by both layer-by-layer electrostatic deposition and hybrid ink jet printing methods.
Generation of kinin-like agents by chondroitin sulfate, heparin, chitin sulfate, and human articular cartilage: possible pathophysiologic implications. (1970)

Abstract Kinin-like activity evolved in mixtures of normal human platelet-deficient plasma containing human articular cartilage, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, or chitin sulfate. No such activity evolved when these agents were incubated with Hageman factor-deficient platelet-deficient plasma. The kinin-like agent was eluted from a Sephadex G-25 column at a peak near that of synthetic bradykinin; it was inactivated by chymotrypsin (100 μg per milliliter), but not by trypsin (20 μg per milliliter). Generation of kinin-like substances induced by components of articular cartilage may involve the participation of Hageman factor and may contribute to secondary inflammatory reactions in joints.
Approaches to photographic art II: life (2017)

In part one of this paper, “Approaches to Photographic Art I: Life Imitates Art”, previously published in JOVS (1), I sought the sources of painterly technique in natural settings. By the comparison of my photographs to selected works of 19th century painters Claude Monet, Vincent van Gogh, and Georges Seurat, I illustrated how these masters might have discerned in nature the templates that evolved into the impressionist brush techniques for which they became famous.
Proteomic Characterization of<i>Yersinia pestis</i>Virulence (2005)

The Yersinia pestis proteome was studied as a function of temperature and calcium by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. Over 4,100 individual protein spots were detected, of which hundreds were differentially expressed. A total of 43 differentially expressed protein spots, representing 24 unique proteins, were identified by mass spectrometry. Differences in expression were observed for several virulence-associated factors, including catalase-peroxidase (KatY), murine toxin (Ymt), plasminogen activator (Pla), and F1 capsule antigen (Caf1), as well as several putative virulence factors and membrane-bound and metabolic proteins. Differentially expressed proteins not previously reported to contribute to virulence are candidates for more detailed mechanistic studies, representing potential new virulence determinants.
Synthesis, Characterization of Nano MnO2 and its Adsorption Characteristics Over an Azo Dye (2014)

Nano MnO2 powder was synthesized by low temperature solution combustion method using oxalyl dihydrazide (ODH) fuel. The final product was well characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for crystallographic purity, phase formation and surface morphology respectively. PXRD results show that pure MnO2 was synthesized at 300 0C with no other impurities. SEM micrograph shows the product has highly porous structure with large voids, typical of combustion derived material. An adsorption characteristic of the porous MnO2 was studied over direct green dye (DG). The optimum dose of MnO2 for removal of 10 ppm DG azo dye was found to be 0.4 g L-1
Basic properties of the electromagnetic field (1999)

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Tumorigenicity of sodium ascorbate in male rats. (1998)

Sodium ascorbate, like other sodium salts such as saccharin, glutamate, and bicarbonate, produces urinary alterations when fed at high doses to rats, which results in mild superficial urothelial cytotoxicity and regeneration but not tumors in a standard 2-year bioassay. Sodium saccharin was shown to produce a low incidence of bladder tumors in rats if administered in a two-generation bioassay. In the present study, we evaluated sodium ascorbate in a two-generation bioassay that involved feeding to the male and female parental F344 rats for 4 weeks before mating, feeding the dams during gestation and lactation, and then feeding the weaned (at 28 days of age) male F1 generation rats for the remainder of their lifetime (up to 128 weeks of the experiment). Dietary levels of 1.0, 5.0, and 7.0% sodium ascorbate were tested. At 5.0 and 7.0% sodium ascorbate, there was an increase in urinary bladder urothelial papillary and nodular hyperplasia and the induction of a few papillomas and carcinomas. There was a dose-responsive increase in renal pelvic calcification and hyperplasia and inhibition of the aging nephropathy of rats even at the level of 1% sodium ascorbate. Because the short-term urothelial effects of sodium ascorbate in rats are inhibited by treatments producing urinary acidification to pH < 6.0, we coadministered high doses of long-term NH4Cl to groups of rats with 5.0 or 7.0% sodium ascorbate to evaluate the long-term effects. The combination of 7.0% sodium ascorbate plus 2.78% NH4Cl in the diet was toxic, and the group was terminated early during the course of the experiment. The group fed 5.0% sodium ascorbate plus 2.04% NH4Cl showed complete inhibition of the urothelial effects of sodium ascorbate and significant inhibition of its renal effects. We also demonstrated the presence of a calcium phosphate-containing urinary precipitate in rats fed sodium ascorbate at all doses, in a dose-responsive manner. The formation of the precipitate was inhibited by coadministration with NH4Cl. The proliferative effects of sodium ascorbate on the male rat urinary tract in this study are similar to those seen with sodium saccharin when administered in a two-generation bioassay. Mechanistic information suggests that this is a high-dose, rat-specific phenomenon.
Toll-like receptor 4 signaling leads to neutrophil migration impairment in polymicrobial sepsis* (2006)

These results highlight the harmful role of TLR4 signaling in polymicrobial severe sepsis.
Human ADA2 belongs to a new family of growth factors with adenosine deaminase activity (2005)

Two distinct isoenzymes of ADA (adenosine deaminase), ADA1 and ADA2, have been found in humans. Inherited mutations in ADA1 result in SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency). This observation has led to extensive studies of the structure and function of this enzyme that have revealed an important role for it in lymphocyte activation. In contrast, the physiological role of ADA2 is unknown. ADA2 is found in negligible quantities in serum and may be produced by monocytes/macrophages. ADA2 activity in the serum is increased in various diseases in which monocyte/macrophage cells are activated. In the present study, we report that ADA2 is a heparin-binding protein. This allowed us to obtain a highly purified enzyme and to study its biochemistry. ADA2 was identified as a member of a new class of ADGFs (ADA-related growth factors), which is present in almost all organisms from flies to humans. Our results suggest that ADA2 may be active in sites of inflammation during hypoxia and in areas of tumour growth where the adenosine concentration is significantly elevated and the extracellular pH is acidic. Our finding that ADA2 co-purified and concentrated together with IgG in commercially available preparations offers an intriguing explanation for the observation that treatment with such preparations leads to non-specific immune-system stimulation.
Using predictive machine learning models for drug response simulation by calibrating patient-specific pathway signatures (2021)

The utility of pathway signatures lies in their capability to determine whether a specific pathway or biological process is dysregulated in a given patient. These signatures have been widely used in machine learning (ML) methods for a variety of applications including precision medicine, drug repurposing, and drug discovery. In this work, we leverage highly predictive ML models for drug response simulation in individual patients by calibrating the pathway activity scores of disease samples. Using these ML models and an intuitive scoring algorithm to modify the signatures of patients, we evaluate whether a given sample that was formerly classified as diseased, could be predicted as normal following drug treatment simulation. We then use this technique as a proxy for the identification of potential drug candidates. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of our methodology to successfully identify approved and clinically investigated drugs for four different cancers, outperforming six comparable state-of-the-art methods. We also show how this approach can deconvolute a drugs' mechanism of action and propose combination therapies. Taken together, our methodology could be promising to support clinical decision-making in personalized medicine by simulating a drugs' effect on a given patient.
Steady state pulsed laser deposition target scanning for improved plume stability and reduced particle density (1995)

A pulsed laser deposition (PLD) oscillating target scanning technique, in which the laser ablates the target from opposing directions as the deposition proceeds, is described and compared to the conventional technique of target rotation over a cumulative ablation exposure of ∼1500 shots/site. Using conventional rotation the plume direction is eventually displaced by 6° while both the number density and size of PLD associated particles increase. In contrast, the oscillating technique results in a spatially stable plume (displacement &lt;2°) while the particle density and size both decrease. This technique allows one to operate in a steady state mode without routine target maintenance, improves plume ‘‘walk off,’’ and deposition reproducibility while decreasing the production of particles.