gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The late phase of sepsis is characterized by an increased microbiological burden and death rate (2011)

Abstract Introduction Recent models capturing the pathophysiology of sepsis and ex-vivo data from patients are speculating about immunosuppression in the so-called late phase of sepsis. Clinical data regarding survival and microbiological burden are missing. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of the 'late phase' of sepsis with respect to overall survival and occurrence of microbiological findings. Methods In a retrospective trial, 16,041 patient charts from a university intensive care unit were screened, and 999 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock were identified. Three phases were established according to the mortality peaks which were separated by two distinct nadirs: phase I (days 1 to 5), phase II (days 6 to 15) and phase III (days 16 to 150). Patients were analyzed for outcome, SOFA scores, procalcitonin levels, antimicrobial treatment, dialysis, mechanical ventilation and results of blood cultures during their hospital stay. Results Out of 999 enrolled patients, 308 died during the course of sepsis presenting a characteristic mortality rate (30.8%) with three distinct mortality peaks (at days 2, 7 and 17). Overall 36.7% of all deaths occurred in the early phase (phase I) and 63.3% during the later phases (phase II + III). In total 2,117 blood cultures were drawn. In phase I, 882 blood cultures were drawn, representing a sampling rate of 88% with a positive rate of 14.9%. In phase II, 461 samples were taken, indicating a sampling rate of 52% and a positive rate of 11.3%. Within phase III, 524 samples were obtained representing a sampling rate of 66% with a positive rate of 15.3%, which was significantly higher compared to the positive rate of phase II and similar to phase I. In particular, the rate of typically opportunistic bacteria increased significantly from 9% in phase I up to 18% in phase III. The same is true for Candida spp. (phase I 13%, phase III 30%). Conclusions The later phase of sepsis is associated with a significant re-increase of positive blood culture results, especially regarding opportunistic bacteria and fungi. These observations warrant further studies focusing on the underlying mechanisms resulting in this outcome burden in the later phase of sepsis.
Charge-control analysis of the collector-base space-charge-region contribution to bipolar-transistor time constant &#964;<sub>T</sub> (1987)

Charge-control analysis is used to show that the contribution of the collector-base space-charge region to bipolar transistor time constant τ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> is x <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> /2v <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> where x <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> is the space-charge-layer width and v <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</inf> is the scattering-limited velocity of carriers.
A <scp>TALEN</scp>‐based specific transcript knock‐down of <scp>PIWIL</scp>2 suppresses cell growth in HepG2 tumor cell (2014)

Taken together, our study revealed critical negative regulation of TGF-β signalling by PIWIL2 in HepG2 tumour cells, and provided an effective strategy to study specific gene transcript functions in cells.
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 <sup>Kip1</sup> induces N-terminal proteolytic cleavage of cyclin A (1998)

Progression through the cell cycle is regulated in part by the sequential activation and inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Many signals arrest the cell cycle through inhibition of CDKs by CDK inhibitors (CKIs). p27(Kip1) (p27) was first identified as a CKI that binds and inhibits cyclin A/CDK2 and cyclin E/CDK2 complexes in G1. Here we report that p27 has an additional property, the ability to induce a proteolytic activity that cleaves cyclin A, yielding a truncated cyclin A lacking the mitotic destruction box. Other CKIs (p15(Ink4b), p16(Ink4a), p21(Cip1), and p57(Kip2)) do not induce cleavage of cyclin A; other cyclins (cyclin B, D1, and E) are not cleaved by the p27-induced protease activity. The C-terminal half of p27, which is dispensable for its kinase inhibitory activity, is required to induce cleavage. Mechanistically, p27 does not appear to cause cleavage through direct interaction with cyclin/CDK complexes. Instead, it activates a latent protease that, once activated, does not require the continuing presence of p27. Mutation of cyclin A at R70 or R71, residues at or very close to the cleavage site, blocks cleavage. Noncleavable mutants are still recognized by the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome pathway responsible for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of mitotic cyclins, indicating that the p27-induced cleavage of cyclin A is part of a separate pathway. We refer to this protease as Tsap (pTwenty-seven- activated protease).
Extended Abstract: Coordinated Communications for Next-Generation Networks (2019)

The current Internet protocol suite, with its best-effort semantics, can result in potentially very different delivery characteristics for packets. Actually, no two paths (or even different packet flows on the same path) can be assumed to have identical properties in terms of bandwidth, delay and jitter. However, multi-site remote collaboration applications are highly inter-dependent and must remain consistent across multiple users. To this end, we introduce a new network capability, called coordinated communication service, and propose coordination points to support coordinated delivery of multiple flows in the network.
Interpolation of the DC component of coded images using a rational filter (2002)

In this paper, the problem of the interpolation of the DC components of JPEG or MPEG-coded images is addressed, and the use of nonlinear interpolators is proposed which are able to accurately reconstruct the images yielding both sharp details and low blocking artifacts.
Recess-Free Nonalloyed Ohmic Contacts on Graded AlGaN Heterojunction FETs (2015)

We report on a new approach to achieve nonalloyed ohmic contacts with record low resistance in GaN-based transistors. We use upward and reverse grading of Al composition in a polarization-graded field-effect transistor structure to eliminate abrupt heterojunction band offsets and create direct contact to the channel. Total contact resistance of 73 mQ · mm and interfacial resistance of 29 mQ · mm to the 2-D electron gas were obtained. The method adopted here could enable to ultralow-resistance contacts without ohmic recess.
Standardized flow-cell method as an alternative to existing pharmacopœial dissolution testing (1989)

Methodological standards achieved in the past are reviewed, with reference to commercially available apparatus. This includes application to conventional tablets and capsules, as well as drug powders and granulated materials, adsorbates and suppositories
A comparison of duplex doppler ultrasonography and intrarenal manometry in the diagnosis of acute renal transplant rejection (1993)

Renal transplant rejection is frequently difficult to differentiate from other causes of renal dysfunction. This study examined the use of duplex Doppler ultrasound and intrarenal manometry in a consecutive series of 73 patients who underwent renal transplantation. Altogether 327 duplex scans were analyzed and, for each, a resistive index (RI) was calculated. A raised RI predicted rejection in patients with grafts that functioned immediately, but not in those that had delayed function. A rise in intrarenal pressure ( greater than or equal to 40 mmHg) indicated the presence of rejection in both groups. However, neither test had a sensitivity of more than 71% and this was not improved by combining the results of the two tests for each patient. Although both tests have a place in transplantation, renal biopsies may still be required to confirm rejection.
Planar clock routing for high performance chip and package co-design (1996)

A new concept of chip and package co-design for the clock network is presented in this paper. We propose a two level clock distribution scheme which partitions the clock network into two levels. First, the clock terminals are partitioned into a set of clusters. For each cluster, a local on-chip clock tree is used to distribute the clock signal from a locally inserted buffer to terminals inside this cluster. The clock signal is then distributed from the main clock driver to each of local buffers by means of a global clock tree, which is a planar tree with equal path lengths. With the flip chip area I/O attachment, the planar global clock tree can be put on a dedicated package layer. The interconnect on the package layer has two to four order smaller resistance than that on the chip layer. The main contribution of this paper is a novel algorithm to construct a planar clock tree with equal path lengths-the length of the path from the clock source to each destination is exactly the same. In addition, the path length from the source to destinations is minimized.
No one can whistle a symphony alone – how different ubiquitin linkages cooperate to orchestrate NF-κB activity (2012)

Although it has been known for a long time that ubiquitylation has a major role in the activation and regulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, recent studies have revealed that the picture is a lot more complex than originally thought. NF-κB and ubiquitylation initially became linked when it was recognised that lysine (K)48-linked ubiquitin chains are involved in the processing of NF-κB precursors and the degradation of inhibitor of kappa B (IκB) proteins. Soon thereafter, it was reported that K63-linked chains were involved in the assembly of IκB kinase (IKK)-activating complexes and required for activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. Recently, the discovery that atypical ubiquitin linkages, including linear and K11 linkages, are also involved in the activation of NF-κB has led to the need to re-evaluate existing models of how activation of this transcription factor is initiated and regulated. It is now becoming apparent that not only the canonical types of ubiquitin chains but possibly all linkage types have to be investigated in order to fully comprehend NF-κB activation. This can be considered a turning point in our view of the regulation of one of the most important pathways of gene induction. Hence, in this Commentary, we summarise the information that is currently available and incorporate it into a new model of NF-κB activation, thereby highlighting the emerging new challenges in understanding the role of ubiquitylation in NF-κB activation.
Analytical Methods for Pesticide Residues in the Water Environment (2015)

A review of literature published in 2014 focusing on analytical methods for pesticides in the water environment is presented here. The review includes publications on extraction methods and on analytical methods such as biochemical assays and immunoassays, electrochemical methods, chromatographic or mass spectrometric techniques, spectrophotometric techniques, fluorescence, and chemiluminescence techniques.
Bi-Directional Multi-Antenna Relay Communications with Wireless Network Coding (2008)

In this paper, we consider a two-way or bi-directional communications system with a relay equipped with multiple antennas. We show that when the downlink channel state information is not known at the relay, the benefit of having additional antennas at the relay can only be obtained by using decode and forward (DF) but not amplify and forward (AF). The gain becomes significant when we employ transmit diversity together with wireless network coding. We also demonstrate how the performance of such system can be improved by performing antenna selection at the relay. Our results show that if downlink channel state information is known at the relay, network coding may not provide additional gain than simple antenna selection scheme.
Emerging Roles for Crk in Human Cancer (2010)

Adaptor proteins are named for their function in assembling complexes of cellular proteins to execute and facilitate transmission of signals. The Crk family of adaptors consists of 2 members, Crk and CrkL. Crk, which was originally isolated as an oncogene, v-Crk, that transforms CEFs, has at least 2 splice variants, CrkI and CrkII, with differing biological activities. All Crk family proteins serve to act as molecular bridges between tyrosine kinases and their substrates and also modulate the specificity and stoichiometry of signaling processes. Signaling via CrkII and CrkL can be negatively regulated via tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated autoinhibition, while such a mechanism is not known to exist for CrkI. Although v-Crk clearly functions as a bona fide oncogene, in recent years, an emerging body of evidence suggests that cellular Crk proteins are overexpressed in human tumors and the expression levels correlate with aggressive and malignant behavior of cancer cells. These properties of Crk proteins make them potential cancer prognosis markers and therapeutic targets.
A simple preparation of(R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-butanoic acid. (1991)

i?)-2-Hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoic acid (la) is an important intermediate for the synthesis of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors, for example, enalapril.1)
Relationships Among Components of Yield and Quality of Sugarbeets (1983)

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A MEMS reconfigurable matching network for a class AB amplifier (2003)

This letter presents the design of a reconfigurable amplifier with an adaptive matching network implemented by shunt MEMS switches. In particular, the MEMS switches are used as capacitive stubs in double-stub matching circuit designs. The effective capacitance of the switches can be varied by switch activation which results in a change of the matching configuration. The RF response of the adaptive matching network is studied and the power performance of the amplifier is presented.
JC Virus Evolution and Its Association with Human Populations (2006)

The ubiquitous human polyomavirus JC (JCV) is a small double-stranded DNA virus that establishes a persistent infection, and it is often transmitted from parents to children. There are at least 14 subtypes of the virus associated with different human populations. Because of its presumed codivergence with humans, JCV has been used as a genetic marker for human evolution and migration. Codivergence has also been used as a basis for estimating the rate of nucleotide substitution in JCV. We tested the hypothesis of host-virus codivergence by (i) performing a reconciliation analysis of phylogenetic trees of human and JCV populations and (ii) providing the first estimate of the evolutionary rate of JCV that is independent from the assumption of codivergence. Strikingly, our comparisons of JCV and human phylogenies provided no evidence for codivergence, suggesting that this virus should not be used as a marker for human population history. Further, while the estimated nucleotide substitution rate of JCV has large confidence intervals due to limited sampling, our analysis suggests that this virus may evolve nearly two orders of magnitude faster than predicted under the codivergence hypothesis.
Möbius voting for surface correspondence (2009)

The goal of our work is to develop an efficient, automatic algorithm for discovering point correspondences between surfaces that are approximately and/or partially isometric. Our approach is based on three observations. First, isometries are a subset of the Möbius group, which has low-dimensionality -- six degrees of freedom for topological spheres, and three for topological discs. Second, computing the Möbius transformation that interpolates any three points can be computed in closed-form after a mid-edge flattening to the complex plane. Third, deviations from isometry can be modeled by a transportation-type distance between corresponding points in that plane. Motivated by these observations, we have developed a Möbius Voting algorithm that iteratively: 1) samples a triplet of three random points from each of two point sets, 2) uses the Möbius transformations defined by those triplets to map both point sets into a canonical coordinate frame on the complex plane, and 3) produces "votes" for predicted correspondences between the mutually closest points with magnitude representing their estimated deviation from isometry. The result of this process is a fuzzy correspondence matrix, which is converted to a permutation matrix with simple matrix operations and output as a discrete set of point correspondences with confidence values. The main advantage of this algorithm is that it can find intrinsic point correspondences in cases of extreme deformation. During experiments with a variety of data sets, we find that it is able to find dozens of point correspondences between different object types in different poses fully automatically.
Synthesis and evaluation of [<i>O‐methyl</i>‐<sup>11</sup>C]4‐[3‐[4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐ piperazin‐1‐yl]propoxy]‐4‐aza‐tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec‐8‐ene‐3,5‐dione as a 5‐HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor agonist PET ligand (2008)

Abstract 4‐[3‐[4‐(2‐Methoxyphenyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]propoxy]‐4‐aza‐tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec‐8‐ene‐3,5‐dione (4), a potent and selective 5‐HT 1A agonist, was labeled by 11 C‐methylation of the corresponding desmethyl analogue 3 with 11 C‐methyl triflate. The precursor molecule 3 was synthesized from commercially available endo ‐ N ‐hydroxy‐5‐norbornene‐2,3‐dicarboximide in two steps with an overall yield of 40%. Radiosynthesis of 11 C‐4 was achieved in 35 min in 20±5% yield ( n =6) at the end of synthesis with a specific activity of 2600±250 Ci/mmol. In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) studies in baboon revealed rapid uptake of the tracer into the brain. However, lack of specific binding indicates that 11 C‐4 is not useful as a 5‐HT 1A agonist PET ligand for clinical studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bulk acoustic wave filters synthesis and optimization for multi-standard communication terminals (2010)

This article presents a design methodology for bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters. First, an overview of BAW physical principles, BAW filter synthesis, and the modified Butterworth-van Dyke model are addressed. Next, design and optimization methodology is presented and applied to a mixed ladder-lattice BAW bandpass filter for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) TX-band at 1.95 GHz and to ladder and lattice BAW bandpass filters for the DCS1800 TX-band at 1.75 GHz. In each case, BAW filters are based on AlN resonators. UMTS filter is designed with conventional molybdenum electrodes whereas DCS filters electrodes are made with innovative iridium.
Electrokinetics in Microfluidic Channels Containing a Floating Electrode (2008)

Electrokinetic transport within a buffer-filled microchannel incorporating a flat bipolar electrode is investigated. The key finding is that the presence of the electrode disrupts the passage of electrical current through the microchannel and thereby alters the uniformity of the local electric field. Electroosmotic flow further modulates the local field gradient. These dynamics are demonstrated experimentally by utilizing the field gradient for concentration enrichment of negatively charged tracer molecules, and a set of computer simulations is presented to interpret the underlying electrokinetics.
An alginate hydrogel dura mater replacement for use with intracortical electrodes (2010)

The collagenous dura mater requires a secure closure following implantation of neural prosthetic devices to avoid complications due to cerebrospinal fluid leakage and infections. Alginate was previously suggested for use as a dural sealant. The liquid application and controllable gelling conditions enable alginate to conform to the unique geometries of a neural prosthetic device and the surrounding dura mater to create a barrier with the external environment. In this study, we evaluated the use of alginate as a method to securely reclose a dural defect and seal around an untethered microscale neural probe in the rabbit model. After 3 days and 3 weeks, the sealing strength of alginate remained eight times greater than normal rabbit intracranial pressure and similar in both the presence and absence of a penetrating neural probe. For time points up to 3 months, there was no significant difference in dura mater fibrosis or thickness between alginate and controls. Application of alginate to a dural defect results in a watertight seal that remains intact while the dura mater reforms. These findings indicate that alginate is an effective tool for sealing around microscale neural probes and suggests broader application as a sealant for larger neural prosthetic devices.
Comparative Evaluation of Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques (2019)

Credit card fraud is a serious and growing problem with the increase in e-commerce and online transactions in this modern era. With this identity theft and loss of money, such mischievous practices can affect millions of people around the world. Criminal activity is a rising threat to the financial sector with-reaching implications. Information extraction seemed to have assumed a basic job in recognition of online payment fraud, fraud detection efficiency in credit card purchases is significantly affected by the data set measuring strategy, the choice of variable and the detection techniques used. This publication inspects execution of, Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression and K-Nearest Neighbor on exceptionally distorted data on credit card fraud. The execution of these techniques is assessed dependent on accuracy, sensitivity, precision, specificity. The outcomes show an ideal accuracy for logistic regression, Naive Bayes, k-nearest neighbor and Support vector machine classifiers are 99.07%, 95.98%, 96.91%, and 97.53% respectively. The relative outcomes demonstrate that logistic regression performs superior to other algorithms.
C-terminal amino acids are essential for human heat shock protein 70 dimerization (2014)

The human inducible heat shock protein 70 (hHsp70), which is involved in several major pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, is a key molecular chaperone and contributes to the proper protein folding and maintenance of a large number of protein structures. Despite its role in disease, the current structural knowledge of hHsp70 is almost exclusively based on its Escherichia coli homolog, DnaK, even though these two proteins only share ~50 % amino acid identity. For the first time, we describe a complete heterologous production and purification strategy that allowed us to obtain a large amount of soluble, full-length, and non-tagged hHsp70. The protein displayed both an ATPase and a refolding activity when combined to the human Hsp40. Multi-angle light scattering and bio-layer interferometry analyses demonstrated the ability of hHsp70 to homodimerize. The role of the C-terminal part of hHsp70 was identified and confirmed by a study of a truncated version of hHsp70 that could neither dimerize nor present refolding activity.
Motesanib Diphosphate in Progressive Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (2008)

Motesanib diphosphate can induce partial responses in patients with advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer that is progressive. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00121628.)