gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Specific Immunotherapy of Adenocarcinomas with Synthetic Tumor-Associated Antigens Conjugated to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (1995)

We have been conducting phase II clinical trials for the treatment of various adenocarcinomas with synthetic carbohydrate epitope vaccines that utilized Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) as a carrier protein. To date, over 180 patients have been enrolled into these immunotherapy studies with the sialyl-Tn antigen conjugated to KLH. Objective tumor responses have been observed in these trials in both breast and ovarian cancer patients. The phase II studies have been designed to answer key questions towards optimizing the immunotherapeutic effects. The first question was to determine the optimal route (oral vs. intravenous) of low-dose cyclophosphamide that is used to overcome a state of tumor-induced immunosuppression. The antibody titer data from this study show a statistically significant increase in anti-STn IgG antibodies in the IV group. The second key question has been the optimal dose of antigen to use for the generation of a therapeutically beneficial immune response. This is in light of recent observations that low doses of antigens may favor a TH1 (cellular) immune response as opposed to a TH2 (antibody-based) immune response. We have shown that low doses (1 μg) of Theratope® STn-KLH vaccine but not high doses (25 μg) will induce a hapten-specific DTH response in CAF1 mice. In addition, a low dose of vaccine will cause greater T-cell proliferative activity in a popliteal lymph node cell population after footpad challenge. The supernatants of these antigen-stimulated cultures do indeed contain gamma-interferon in a relative absence of IL-10, thus confirming the TH1 nature of this response. We have investigated this low-dose T-cell response with other KLH conjugates and with KLH itself and this observation is consistent. Thus KLH conjugates, although frequently employed for optimizing an antibody response to T-cell-independent antigens, are capable of inducing TH1 immune responses, and do so optimally at lower doses. These effects are optimally seen with certain adjuvant formulations (DETOX TM-B, RIBI Immuno-chem). As a part of the immunologic monitoring of our ASI patients, we have performed in vitro antigen stimulations for hapten-specific blastogenesis and cytokine profiles. The data suggest that a TH1 immune response as measured by gamma-interferon production (without IL-10 production) is associated with disease stability and/or partial responses. These are the immunologic parameters by which the current dose range studies are being evaluated for the selection of an optimal therapeutic dose of Theratope® STn-KLH.
Beckmann Rearrangement. III. Rearrangement of Oxime p-Toluenesulfonates in Chloroform, Acetic Acid, and Methanol (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBeckmann Rearrangement. III. Rearrangement of Oxime p-Toluenesulfonates in Chloroform, Acetic Acid, and MethanolWALTER Z. HELDTCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 6, 1695–1702Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01065a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (721 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An interpretation of size-scale plasticity in geometrically confined systems (2005)

The mesoscopic constitutive behavior of face-centered cubic metals as a function of the system characteristic dimension recently has been investigated experimentally. Strong size effects have been identified in both polycrystalline submicron thin films and single crystal micro pillars. The size effect is manifested as an increase in strength and hardening rate as the system dimensions are decreased. In this article, we provide a mechanistic interpretation for the observed mesoscopic behavior. By performing 3D discrete dislocation dynamics simulations of grains representative of the system microstructure and associated characteristic dimensions, we show that the experimentally observed size effects can be qualitatively described. In these simulations, a constant density of dislocation sources per unit of grain boundary area is modeled by sources randomly distributed at grain boundaries. The source length (strength) is modeled by a Gaussian distribution, in which average and standard deviation is independent of the system characteristic dimension. The simulations reveal that two key concepts are at the root of the observed plasticity size effect. First, the onset of plasticity is governed by a dislocation nucleation-controlled process (sources of various length, i.e., strengths, in our model). Second, the hardening rate is controlled by source exhaustion, i.e., sources are active only once as a result of the limited dislocation mobility arising from size and boundary effects. The model postulated here improves our understanding of why "smaller is stronger" and provides predictive capabilities that should enhance the reliable design of devices in applications such as microelectronics and micro/nano-electro-mechanical systems.
Empirical exploitation of click data for task specific ranking (2009)

There have been increasing needs for task specific rankings in web search such as rankings for specific query segments like long queries, time-sensitive queries, navigational queries, etc; or rankings for specific domains/contents like answers, blogs, news, etc. In the spirit of "divide-andconquer", task specific ranking may have potential advantages over generic ranking since different tasks have task-specific features, data distributions, as well as featuregrade correlations. A critical problem for the task-specific ranking is training data insufficiency, which may be solved by using the data extracted from click log. This paper empirically studies how to appropriately exploit click data to improve rank function learning in task-specific ranking. The main contributions are 1) the exploration on the utilities of two promising approaches for click pair extraction; 2) the analysis of the role played by the noise information which inevitably appears in click data extraction; 3) the appropriate strategy for combining training data and click data; 4) the comparison of click data which are consistent and inconsistent with baseline function.
Analysis of closed-loop control of parallel-plate electrostatic microgrippers (2002)

A design of a high-force-output large-deflection parallel-plate electrostatically actuated microgripper is described. This design uses polysilicon as a structural material and may be fabricated using an IC-based surface machining process. This paper shows that by using a position feedback controller, the microgripper can be stabilized in theory, which is supported by computer simulations. Preliminary data from fabricated micro-grippers also supports the mathematical model for the open loop system, although the pull-in voltages (50 V to 100 V for gaps of 80 to 100 /spl mu/m/sup 2/) are generally lower than predicted ones, probably due to the inherent instability of the electrostatic system. Further experiments are in progress to evaluate the open-loop system and the closed-loop system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
AR Headsets Give Oil and Gas Sector the Quicker Fix (2018)

Predictive algorithms have captured the imagination of industrial firms the world over because of the promise they hold for predicting show-stopping machine failures. But no matter when a digitally-prophesized breakdown comes, you still need someone to go out and fix the equipment the old-fashioned way—or maybe not. Augmented reality (AR) headsets are challenging the status quo by enabling faster repairs of mission-critical systems such as topdrives and gas compressors. Their arrival into the oil and gas sector is being led by the largest equipment manufacturers that say the technology’s chief contribution is its ability to mitigate the industrywide bane of downtime. Attached to a typical hardhat, these industrialized wearable computers combine video cameras, AR displays, and solid networking systems into a single unit. This gives the dispersed engineering team, vs. a lone technician in the field, a new way to collaborate on the toughest equipment-related problems. Earlier this year, a rig crew working in south Texas ran into trouble with a piece of equipment supplied by NOV that had stopped working correctly, and no one on-site knew how to fix it. “So they fired up the communications box, put the hard-hat and headset on, and had an answer from engineering within 10 minutes,” said Christopher Boehm, a service manager with NOV’s control systems group. Boehm is leading the implementation of the AR headsets at NOV, which have been rolled into a maintenance service it has branded TrackerVision. The voice-recognition software running inside these units enables users to call out commands like “wiring layout,” which prompt the headset to pull up a relevant engineering diagram. The user can move his or her head to scan the diagram, or say “zoom” to focus in on a key area and then “freeze document” to maintain a hold on the image as they do the work. But people can still get lost in the maze of wires and circuit boards found in a lot of modern oilfield equipment. This is when it is a good idea to use the headset’s two-way communications, using cell service or low-Earth-orbit satellites, to dial up the on-call expert. As the technician holds his or her view over a piece of equipment, the expert watching on the other end can even use a telestrator to draw circles around the components to replace, or which ones to leave alone. Industry Shows Strong Interest NOV is so confident about these enabling features that it is using AR headsets to support the successful implementation of one of its most important new products, the NOVOS automated rig control system, and has sent units to each of the rigs running on the platform.
Specification and management of timing constraints in behavioral VHDL (1996)

In this paper a suitable way to specify and manage timing constraints in behavioral VHDL is described. The problem of timing semantics coherency is addressed and a suitable set of procedures is defined to add timing constraint specification in behavioral VHDL for system synthesis. Then, a proper semantics is described which is able to provide a powerful and flexible management of timing constraints.
인간주의적 사회주의라는 유토피아에 대한 보수주의적 입장에서의 일고찰 - 에리히 프롬의 인간주의적 사회주의 사상을 중심으로 - (2000)

프롬은 인간주의적인 사회주의라는 유토피아의 건설을 위해서 단순히 사회 구조의 변혁 이외에 인간성의 변혁을 주창한다는 점에서 다른 사회주의자들과 다르다고 볼 수 있다. 프롬은 인간은 사회 구조만 변혁되면 인간의 선한 본성이 드러나 사회주의가 큰 어려움 없이 실현 될 것이라는 전통적인 사회주의자들의 낙관적인 신념에 반해서 인간의 도덕적 변화란 그렇게 쉽게 일어날수 있다고 생각하지 않는 것이다. 아울러 프롬은 인간주의적인 사회주의의 건설을 위해서 인간성의 변혁과 사회 구조의 변혁을 위 한 구체적인 안들을 제시한다는 점에서도 추상적인 이상만을 제시하고 있는 여타의 사회주의자들과 구별된다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 구체적인 안들은 현대 사회가 궁극적으로 지향해야 할 하나의 규제적인 이념을 제시한다고 볼 수는 있으나 실현되기는 극히 어렵다고 생각된다. 이러한 안들은 인간성의 현실적인 수준으로 인하여 강제를 통한 것 이외에는 실현될 수 없을 것이며 이러한 강제는 인간들의 자유를 제한하는 결과를 가져올 것이다. 현대 사회에서 사회 철학의 과제는 프롬과 같이 현대의 자유주의 사회를 단적으로 병적인 사회로서 부정하면서 이상적인 대안을 제시하는 것이 아니라 그러한 이상과 현실을 점진적으로 매개하는 안들을 제시하는 것이라고 생각된다.
Painful diabetic neuropathy (1999)

Chronic painful diabetic neuropathy causes symptoms that can last for many years and severely impair the quality of life of affected patients. This review describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. Particular emphasis is placed on a comprehensive review of the management of painful symptoms through a detailed review of the published literature using a variety of databases particularly Medline and EMBASE.
A Novel Method for Respiratory Motion Gated With Geometric Sensitivity of the Scanner in 3D PET (2008)

PET image quality can be significantly affected by respiratory motion artifacts. To improve image quality, surveillance systems have been developed to track the movements of the subject during scanning. Gating techniques utilizing the tracking information, are able to compensate for subject motion, thereby improving lesion detection. In this paper, we present a gating method that utilizes the Geometric Sensitivity Gating (GSG) of a 3D-PET scanner system operating in list event acquisition mode. As a result of the non-uniform geometric sensitivity, the count rate from a given organ, will depend on the axial location of the organ. Consequently the respiratory phase can be determined from count rate changes which are determined by suitable temporal resolution from the list-mode data stream. The GSG method has several advantages over existing methods; it only uses LOR events. It is non-invasive, no additional hardware device systems and patient preparation required. Using GATE (GEANT4 Application Tomographic Emission) and NCAT (NURBs(Non Uniform Rational B-Splines) Cardiac Torso) software packages, realistic simulations of respiratory motion demonstrate that GSG can be used for respiratory gating. The validation on clinical data demonstrates that GSG is able to reduce respiratory motion artifacts.
SAM: Security Adaptation Manager (2003)

In the trade-offs between security and performance, it seems that security is always the loser. If we allow for adaptive security, we can at least ensure that security and performance are treated somewhat equally. Using adaptive security, we can allow a system to exist in a less secure, more performant state until it comes under attack. We then adapt the system to a more secure, less performant implementation. In this paper, we introduce the Security Adaptation Manager, or SAM. We describe SAM and how we have implemented SAM to take advantage of the different protection strengths offered by the StackGuard compiler. Using SAM to provide StackGuard-based adaptive security provides a form of misuse-based intrusion detection, capable of detecting known and novel attacks.
Super-resolution for asymmetric resolution of FIB-SEM 3D imaging using AI with deep learning (2018)

Scanning electron microscopy equipped with a focused ion beam (FIB-SEM) is a promising three-dimensional (3D) imaging technique for nano- and meso-scale morphologies. In FIB-SEM, the specimen surface is stripped by an ion beam and imaged by an SEM installed orthogonally to the FIB. The lateral resolution is governed by the SEM, while the depth resolution, i.e., the FIB milling direction, is determined by the thickness of the stripped thin layer. In most cases, the lateral resolution is superior to the depth resolution; hence, asymmetric resolution is generated in the 3D image. Here, we propose a new approach based on an image-processing or deep-learning-based method for super-resolution of 3D images with such asymmetric resolution, so as to restore the depth resolution to achieve symmetric resolution. The deep-learning-based method learns from high-resolution sub-images obtained via SEM and recovers low-resolution sub-images parallel to the FIB milling direction. The 3D morphologies of polymeric nano-composites are used as test images, which are subjected to the deep-learning-based method as well as conventional methods. We find that the former yields superior restoration, particularly as the asymmetric resolution is increased. Our super-resolution approach for images having asymmetric resolution enables observation time reduction.
Estimating the minimum distance of large-block turbo codes using the event impulse method (2010)

This paper describes the application of an iterative technique referred to as the event impulse method (EVIM) to estimating the minimum distances of large-block turbo codes with 4-, 8- and 16-state binary constituent codes. The EVIM is specifically tailored to handle long interleavers with high spread. It is shown that the reliability of the EVIM is similar to that of a previous iterative triple impulse method (TIM), but the complexity is much lower. Minimum distances of 38, 60 and 92 have been obtained (estimated) for rate 1/3 turbo codes with 4-, 8- and 16-state constituent codes, respectively, using dithered relative prime (DRP) interleavers of length K=16384.
Enzyme Activities and Substrate Degradation by Fungal Isolates on Cassava Waste During Solid State Fermentation (2007)

The growth and bioconversion potential of selected strains growing on cassava waste substrate during solid state fermentation were assessed. Rhizopus stolonifer showed the highest and the fastest utilization of starch and cellulose in the cassava waste substrate. It showed 70% starch utilization and 81% cellulose utilization within eight days. The release of reducing sugars indicating the substrate saccharification or degradation potential of the organisms reached the highest value of 406.5 mg/g by R. stolonifer on cassava waste during the eighth day of fermentation. The protein content was gradually increased (89.4 mg/g) on the eighth day of fermentation in cassava waste by R. stolonifer. The cellulase and amylase activity is higher in R. stolonifer than A. niger and P. chrysosporium. The molecular mass of purified amylase and cellulase seemed to be 75 KDal, 85 KDal respectively.
Hierarchical Multi-task Learning with Application to Wafer Quality Prediction (2012)

Many real problems of multi-task learning exhibit hierarchical task relatedness. In other words, the tasks are partitioned into multiple groups. Different tasks within the same group are related on the task-level, whereas different groups are related on the group-level. For example, in semiconductor manufacturing, the problem of wafer quality prediction can be considered as hierarchical multi-task learning, where each task corresponds to a single side of a chamber with side-level relatedness, and a group of tasks corresponds to a chamber of multiple sides with chamber-level relatedness. Motivated by this application, in this paper, we propose an optimization framework for hierarchical multi-task learning, which partitions all the input features into 2 sets based on their characteristics, and models task-level and group-level relatedness by imposing different constraints on the coefficient vectors of the 2 sets. This is different from existing work on task clustering where the goal is to uncover the grouping of tasks, the tasks do not exhibit group-level relatedness, and the input features are not discriminated in the prediction model to model task-level and group-level relatedness. To solve this framework, we propose the \hear\ algorithm based on block coordinate descent, and demonstrate its effectiveness on both synthetic and real data sets from domains of semiconductor manufacturing and document classification.
Jumbo Femoral Head for the Treatment of Recurrent Dislocation Following Total Hip Replacement (2002)

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the results of the use of a jumbo femoral head to restore stability in hips that had sustained recurrent dislocations after total hip replacement. Methods: Twelve hips in twelve patients who had had multiple hip operations and recurrent instability of the hip underwent a total hip replacement with use of a femoral head with an average diameter of 44 mm (range, 40 to 50 mm). The average age of the patients was fifty‐nine years (range, twenty‐nine to eighty‐four years). The twelve patients had had an average of four previous operations (range, one to eight operations) and seven dislocations (range, two to twenty dislocations). A bipolar head was used in ten hips that had a femoral stem with a fixed (non-modular) head, and a modular head (unipolar) was used in two hips. (One hip was first treated with a bipolar head and then with a unipolar head.) Results: One patient died of unrelated causes fourteen months postoperatively. The hip had remained stable until the time of death. After an average duration of follow‐up of 6.5 years (range, 3.2 to 11.8 years), ten of the remaining eleven hips had had no additional episodes of instability. One hip dislocated within one week after the revision, necessitating revision surgery to reposition the acetabular component. This hip was found to be stable at the time of follow-up 7.6 years after the revision. There were four other reoperations: one was done because of a fracture of the polyethylene; one, because of entrapment of cement within the articulation; one, because of pain related to loosening of the femoral stem; and one, because of late hematogenous infection. The preoperative and postoperative University of California at Los Angeles hip scores for the series were, respectively, 7 and 9 points for pain, 5 and 7 points for walking, 4 and 6 points for function, and 3 and 5 points for activity. Conclusions: A jumbo-diameter femoral head provided stability and improved function without compromising range of motion in patients with recurrent dislocations following total hip arthroplasty.
Improved capacitance multiplier circuit (1974)

Circuit multiplies capacitance without increasing overall circuit gain. In addition, circuit may be designed to include lag or lead/lag transfer function and independent gain adjustment.
Cardiovascular mortality and noncontraceptive use of estrogen in women: results from the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-up Study. (1987)

A cohort of 2270 white women, aged 40-69 years at baseline, were followed for an average of 8.5 years in the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-up Study. There were 44 deaths due to cardiovascular disease among the 1677 nonusers of estrogens and six cardiovascular disease deaths among the 593 estrogen users. The age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of cardiovascular disease deaths in users compared with nonusers was 0.34 (95% confidence limits 0.12 to 0.81). After multivariable adjustment for potential confounding factors (age, blood pressure, and smoking), the estimated RR for estrogen use was 0.37 (95% confidence limits 0.16 to 0.88). Analyses were done to explore whether these results could be due to selection bias for estrogen use. However, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease at baseline was slightly higher in estrogen users (12%) than in nonusers (10%); furthermore, the exclusion of all women with prevalent cardiovascular disease at baseline did not alter the apparent protective effect of estrogen use on cardiovascular disease mortality (RR = 0.42, 95% confidence limits 0.13 to 1.10). Additional analyses examining the complex association between estrogen use, lipoprotein levels, and cardiovascular disease mortality suggest that the protective effect of estrogen is substantially mediated through increased high-density lipoprotein levels.