gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DSA patterning options for logics and memory applications (2017)

The progress of three potential DSA applications, i.e. fin formation, via shrink, and pillars, were reviewed in this paper. For fin application, in addition to pattern quality, other important considerations such as customization and design flexibility were discussed. An electrical viachain study verified the DSA rectification effect on CD distribution by showing a tighter current distribution compared to that derived from the guiding pattern direct transfer without using DSA. Finally, a structural demonstration of pillar formation highlights the importance of pattern transfer in retaining both the CD and local CDU improvement from DSA. The learning from these three case studies can provide perspectives that may not have been considered thoroughly in the past. By including more important elements during DSA process development, the DSA maturity can be further advanced and move DSA closer to HVM adoption.
High‐grade prostate cancer and finasteride (2009)

Prostate cancer is the most common neoplasm in men. Encouraging results are emerging in prostate cancer risk reduction with 5alpha-reductase (5AR) inhibitors. The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) showed that prostate cancer risk is reduced by finasteride. However, there was an increase in the incidence of high-grade prostate cancer with finasteride treatment vs placebo. The number of cases should have increased during the study in the finasteride group with the length of exposure to the drug. But, in fact the ratio between the two groups was lower during the fourth year. This therefore favours the hypothesis of a bias in the results. There are many hypotheses to explain the increase in the prevalence of high-grade tumours with finasteride therapy. The effects of finasteride on prostate volume rather than on the tumour's morphology and a selective inhibition of low-grade cancers may have contributed to the increase the number of high-grade cancers with finasteride in the PCPT. Despite the current trend to explain the increase of high-grade tumours with finasteride therapy by a detection bias, other studies underline the potential role of low levels of dihydrotestosterone in the genesis of high-grade tumours. In May 2008, a re-analysis of the PCPT results showed a significant decrease of 30% in the overall risk of prostate cancer in the finasteride group vs the placebo group, but it also found a statistically non-significant and less important increase of the prevalence of high-grade cancers in the finasteride group. However, the 5AR isoenzyme type 1 is present at higher rates than type 2 in high-grade cancers. Thus, finasteride is probably not the ideal drug to prevent high-grade cancers.
Density of   adrenoceptors in rat heart and lymphocytes 48 hours and 7 days after acute myocardial infarction (1989)

Down regulation of the beta adrenoceptor is thought to play an important role in the diminished response to catecholamines in heart failure. beta Adrenoceptor densities were measured on membrane homogenates of rat right ventricle and lymphocytes 48 h or 7 d after experimental myocardial infarction, and in rats exposed to a continuous infusion of isoprenaline (400 micrograms.kg-1.h1). The performance of the rat hearts was also evaluated 48 h post infarction in an isolated retrograde perfused heart preparation. In contrast to a 60% down regulation in right ventricle and a 20% down regulation in lymphocyte membranes after isoprenaline infusion, there was no change in right ventricle and lymphocyte beta adrenoceptor densities after myocardial infarction. Left ventricular contractile performance was significantly depressed 48 h after myocardial infarction. Mean basal left ventricular pressure decreased from 108(SEM 3) to 63(4) mm Hg while the maximal response to dobutamine was decreased from 204(4) to 105(12) mm Hg (n = 8). No correlation was found between the receptor densities of right ventricular and lymphocyte membranes. We conclude that diminished response to beta sympathomimetics after myocardial infarction cannot be attributed to a loss of surface beta adrenoceptors, and that the lymphocyte beta adrenoceptor does not provide an adequate system to monitor small receptor changes on the myocardium.
Pain: Its Experimental Investigation (1967)

Dr Robert Smith discusses the relationship between pain and emotional disturbance and describes experiments which he has undertaken in general practice, using a pressure algometer. Amongst other findings, he shows that aspirin did not relieve pressure pain but did delay or even suppress the onset of ultraviolet light burns. Dr K D Keele describes experiments to define individual pain thresholds and correlates these with the pain of cardiac infarction, and the morphine requirements in that condition. Professor C A Keele considers the chemistry of pain production and describes his technique for applying chemical algogens to experimentally induced blisters. He further considers the similarity between such substances and those contained in animal and plant venoms and speculates as to an even closer relationship between these and painful medical conditions.
Adaptive dispersion compensation for remote fiber delivery of near-infrared femtosecond pulses (2004)

We report on remote delivery of 25-pJ broadband near-infrared femtosecond light pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser through 150 m of single-mode optical fiber. Pulse distortion caused by dispersion is overcome with precompensation by adaptive pulse shaping techniques, while nonlinearities are mitigated by use of an SF10 glass rod for the final stage of pulse compression. A near-transform-limited pulse duration of 130 fs was measured after the final compression.
Polymorphisms of the β <sub>2</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor Determine Exercise Capacity in Patients With Heart Failure (2000)

The beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) exists in multiple polymorphic forms with different characteristics. Their relevance to heart failure (HF) physiology is unknown. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on 232 compensated HF patients with a defined beta(2)AR genotype. Patients with the uncommon Ile164 polymorphism had a lower peak VO(2) (15.0+/-0.9 mL. kg(-1). min(-1)) than did patients with Thr164 (17.9+/-0.9 mL. kg(-1). min(-1), P<0.0001). The percentage achieved of predicted peak VO(2) was also lower in patients with Ile164 (62. 3+/-4.5% versus 71.5+/-5.1%, P=0.045). The relative risk of a patient having a VO(2) </=14 mL. kg(-1). min(-1) who had Ile164 was 8.0 (P=0.009). Catheterization-based invasive exercise testing revealed depressed changes in the exercise-induced cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, stroke volume, and VO(2) in patients with Ile164. The polymorphisms at position 16 also impacted exercise capacity: peak VO(2) for Arg16 versus Gly16 was 17.0+/-0.8 versus 15. 6+/-0.5 mL. kg(-1). min(-1), respectively (P=0.03). Because the polymorphisms at loci 16 and 27 can occur together, 4 homozygous combinations exist. Patients with Arg16/Glu27 had the highest percentage achieved of predicted peak VO(2) (75. 7+/-6.4%), whereas those with Gly16/Gln27 had the lowest (55.3+/-2. 8%, P=0.0032). The above findings were not confounded by baseline clinical characteristics, including beta-blocker usage. We conclude that the beta(2)AR polymorphisms Ile164, Gly16, and the combination of Gly16 and Gln27 are associated with depressed exercise performance in HF and represent a genetically determined factor in the pathophysiology of HF.
Inhibition of growth of human or hamster pancreatic cancer cell lines by alpha-difluoromethylornithine alone and combined with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). (1984)

A major problem in the therapy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is its inherent resistance to most chemotherapeutic agents. Previously, we have reported that the four pancreatic cancer cell lines studied here have elevated levels of ornithine decarboxylase, a growth-regulating enzyme, and further that the degree of elevation tends to parallel the degree of chemoresistance. On the basis of these prior findings, we investigated the effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, alone and in combination with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin), to which two of the four cell lines display relative resistance. The cell lines studied were: two of human origin, PANC-1 and COLO-357; and two of hamster origin, WD PaCa and PD PaCa. Colony formation (clonogenic) assays were used to evaluate drug effects. Cells were exposed continuously to DFMO in medium. For the combined treatments, cells were exposed to cisplatin for 1 hr, washed, and then plated in DFMO-containing medium. The inhibitory effects of DFMO were predominantly cytostatic, were reversible by putrescine, and were roughly additive when combined with cisplatin. Our panel of cell lines responded heterogeneously to DFMO, with PANC-1 and WD PaCa showing the most sensitivity. The combination of DFMO and cisplatin appears to be a promising experimental approach to overcoming drug resistance in pancreatic cancer.
STUDIES ON THE EVALUATION OF PRESERVATIVE EFFICACY—II. THE DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BENZYLALCOHOL (1986)

A successful kinetic approach to the screening of preservation efficacy of benzylalcohol--a neutral-type preservative--is described. The D-value, activation energy (Ea), temperature coefficient (Q10) and concentration exponent (n) were used as parameters in determining the influence of different factors on the efficacy of benzylalcohol. Factors, such as the pH of the solution, temperature and concentration of the preservative were investigated. The study was carried out using five micro-organisms: Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus.
Is Arbitration Final & (and) Binding - Public Policy Says, Not Necessarily - Exxon Shipping Company v. Exxon Seamen's Union (1995)

In the realm of employment law, management and labor unions enter in collective bargaining agreements to establish employment terms including wages, hours, benefits and grievance procedures.' A typical grievance procedure provides that labor disputes will be resolved through arbitration. Courts are encouraged to defer to collective bargaining agreements. When disputes arise, employees and employers attempt to resolve matters themselves, and if this fails, labor unions intervene and submit grievances to arbitration. Generally, an arbitrator's decision is final and binding, but in limited circumstances the matter is ultimately litigated. One such limited circumstance arose when the courts developed a public policy exception to arbitration awards. Over the past decade, the circuits have disagreed about the proper application of the public policy exception. Exxon Shipping II is a prime example of one of the two competing views on when to apply this exception.
Metal Ion‐assisted Fabrication of Hierarchically Structured Superhydrophobic Surfaces on Mg Plates (2018)

SEM images of Mg plates coated by a) 5 min, b) 10 min, and C) 40 min immersion in the presence of NiCl2 (0.05 M).
New method for quantification of gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide in biological matrices by LC-MS/MS (2017)

Hydrogen sulfide exists widely in mammalian tissues and plays a vital role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, striking differences with orders of magnitude were observed for the detected hydrogen sulfide concentrations in biological matrices among different measurements in literature, which lead to the uncertainty for examination the biological relevance of hydrogen sulfide. Here, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of hydrogen sulfide in various biological matrices by determination of a derivative of hydrogen sulfide and monobromobimane named sulfide dibimane (SDB). <sup>36</sup>S-labeled SDB was synthesized and validated for using as an internal standard. This method has been successfully used to measure hydrogen sulfide levels in a broad range of biological matrices, such as blood, plasma, tissues, cells, and enzymes, across different species. Moreover, a novel mode that hydrogen sulfide could loosely and non-covalently bind to human serum protein (HSA) and hemoglobin (HB) was revealed by using the developed method.
Introducing Revit Architecture 2010: BIM for Beginners (2009)

Learn the leading BIM software quickly and easily with this book's detailed discussions and practical exercises Introducing Revit Architecture 2010 presents the core features of this industry-leading building information modeling (BIM) software with focused discussions and practical exercises to get you up to speed quickly. Real-world tutorials from the expert authors' extensive experience, along with straightforward explanations and examples, focus squarely on accomplishing vital Revit tasks. Fully illustrated and including a 16-page color insert, Introducing Revit Architecture 2010 explains BIM principles and thoroughly covers Revit's concepts, interface, tools, and process. Teaches Revit's essential concepts with a no-nonsense, real-world approach Explains the principles of BIM, then provides a thorough overview of Revit's concepts and interface conventions before delving into crucial Revit tools and tasks Focuses on accomplishing vital Revit tasks, using practical explanations, real-world architectural scenarios, and in-depth, focused tutorials Uses in-depth discussions reinforced by comprehensive, step-by-step exercises that demonstrate how to model, document, present, and share your designs Written by Revit experts, this book is fully updated for Revit 2010 and features an inspirational 16-page color insert Introducing Revit Architecture 2010 is the essential resource for both students and professionals in the architecture and construction fields.
Production of Glucooligosaccharides and Polydextrose by Extrusion Reactor (1998)

Glucose mixed with citric acid as a catalyst was extruded and polymerized using twin screw extruder with 40 of L/D (length/diameter) ratio at 160, 180 and 200°C, where the polymerization yields of glucose were 43.9%, 75.0% and 93.7%, respectively. Gel permeation chromatography of glucose extrudates showed that the higher molecular weight fractions increased with extrusion temperature, which also resulted in increasing hydrodynamic intrinsic viscosity. Glucooligosaccharide and polydextrose produced by extrusion of glucose were stable for thermal treatments over a wide range of pH 3.0–11.0. In addition, a-amylase and amyloglucosidase treatment did not affect the solution viscosity, indicating the random linkages of glucose and thus the potential applications as dietary fiber. This research clearly demonstrated that the extrusion reactor can be successfully utilized to produce glucooligosaccharide and polydextrose from glucose rapidly and continuously in conjunction with selective control of polymerized composition.
Complementary Split Ring Resonators Using Square Sierpinski Fractal Curves (2006)

Split ring resonators and complementary split ring resonators are used in a left-handed media to obtain negative values of permeability and permittivity, respectively. In this paper, novel split ring geometry using square Sierpinski fractal curves is proposed, that reduces resonant frequency of the structure and achieves improved frequency selectivity in the upper transition band. In order to validate the results, left-handed microstrip line that uses square Sierpinski complementary split ring resonators is designed, fabricated and measured
Combined turbo codes and interleaver design (2002)

In this paper the impact of distance spectrum and interleaver structure on the bit error probability of turbo codes is considered. A new turbo code design method for Gaussian channels is presented. The proposed method combines the search for good component codes with interleaver design. The optimal distance spectrum is used as the design criterion to construct good turbo component codes at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In addition, a code matched interleaver design method is proposed. This interleaver improves the code performance at high SNR. The new turbo codes have superior error performance to the best known codes at both low and high SNR. The performance is verified by both analysis and simulation.
GaAs homojunction rib waveguide directional coupler switch (1980)

An electro-optic directional coupler switch has been fabricated with a GaAs homojunction structure and tested at 1.15 μm. Each single mode guide is made in a n-LPE layer grown on a n+ substrate, the p+ rib used to confine the light being obtained by Zn diffusion and chemical etching. A calculation of the losses in the planar approximation roughly yields the large values of attenuation measured for TE and TM modes (∼8 cm−1). By reversely biasing the ’’stepped Δβ’’ junctions with less than 17 V, more than 13 dB power isolation has been achieved for both switching states on a 6.3-mm-long device. Large improvements of the characteristics are expected from the additional design parameters provided by GaAs-GaAlAs double heterostructure.
Energy Recovery Linacs for Light Sources (2010)

Energy recovery linacs (ERLs), which can generate an electron beam having a high average current and a small-emittance with the complete manipulation of electron beams in the transverse and the longitudinal phase space, are expected to realize future light sources for various photon energies from terahertz to x- and γ-rays. In this paper, we present an overview of the history, current status, and prospects of ERLs for light sources. Research activities on the critical components of the ERLs, such as electron guns and superconducting cavities, are also described.
In Vivo Resistance to Bacterial Biofilm Formation on Tympanostomy Tubes as a Function of Tube Material (1999)

Adherent bacterial biofilms have been implicated in the irreversible contamination of implanted medical devices. We evaluated the resistance of various tympanostomy (pressure equalization [PE]) tube materials to biofilm formation using an in vivo model. PE tubes of silicone, silver oxide-impregnated silicone, fluoroplastic, silver oxide-impregnated fluoroplastic, and ion-bombarded silicone were inserted into the tympanic membranes of 18 Hartley guinea pigs. Staphylococcus aureus was then inoculated into the middle ears. An additional 8 guinea pigs were used as controls; the PE tubes were inserted without middle ear inoculation. All PE tubes were removed on day 10 and analyzed for bacterial contamination using culture, immunofluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All infected ears developed otitis media with otorrhea, but none of the animal control ears drained. Fluorescence imaging of the animal control tubes showed large cellular components consistent with inflammation. The infected tubes showed heavy DNA fluorescence consistent with bacteria and inflammatory cells. All animal control tubes except the ion-bombarded silicone tubes showed adherent inflammatory film on SEM. Also, all tubes placed in infected ears except the ion-bombarded silicone tubes showed adherent bacterial and inflammatory films on SEM. Nonadherent surface properties such as the ion-bombarded silicone may be helpful in preventing chronic PE tube contamination.
The case for tiny tasks in compute clusters (2013)

We argue for breaking data-parallel jobs in compute clusters into tiny tasks that each complete in hundreds of milliseconds. Tiny tasks avoid the need for complex skew mitigation techniques: by breaking a large job into millions of tiny tasks, work will be evenly spread over available resources by the scheduler. Furthermore, tiny tasks alleviate long wait times seen in today's clusters for interactive jobs: even large batch jobs can be split into small tasks that finish quickly. We demonstrate a 5.2× improvement in response times due to the use of smaller tasks.

In current data-parallel computing frameworks, high task launch overheads and scalability limitations prevent users from running short tasks. Recent research has addressed many of these bottlenecks; we discuss remaining challenges and propose a task execution framework that can efficiently support tiny tasks.
Multi-User MIMO Channel Estimation in the Presence of Carrier Frequency Offsets (2005)

During the uplink of a multi-user MIMO system, a compensation of different users' carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) at the receiver's side is possible only after the spatial separation of the single user signals. As spatial separation requires knowledge of the communication channel, this issue longs for a channel estimation scheme capable to estimate the channel from received sequences that are distorted by CFOs from different users. We propose orthogonal sequences to be used as pilots for the simultaneous estimation of all user channels in the time-domain, which satisfy this requirement
A trajectory sensitivity approach to parameter disturbance problems in indirect field oriented drive systems (2003)

Trajectory sensitivity methods are applied to a nonlinear error model of the indirect field-oriented control system. The resulting sensitivity models provide an efficient, systematic approach to studying parameter disturbance problems. Specific issues addressed include quantifying and predicting torque and system transients, system sensitivity evaluation and comparison, and motor parameter identification. The principal limitation of the method is the restricted range of parameter disturbances. Per-unit disturbances of +or-30% are shown to provide accurate results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance and Overhead Study of Containers Running on Top of Virtual Machines (2017)

Cloud computing is a widespread and commonly used computing paradigm. Cloud relied on virtualization technology to be a scalable and efficient distributed system. In traditional cloud infrastructures, hypervisors like KVM create and manage Virtual Machines according to users' demands. Recently a more lightweight virtualization technique is being rapidly adopted and it is based on containers. Although running a container on top of Virtual Machine is a common case, according to our research it has never been studied before how this affects the container's performance. In this work, we conducted several experiments to study how the container performance is affected by the additional virtualization layer of the Virtual Machine. We used Docker to deploy and run our containers, KVM hypervisor for the Virtual Machines and we executed a series of well-known benchmarks on different operating systems.
The right to health of Australians with intellectual disability (2011)

There are more than 300,000 Australians with intellectual disability. This number is expected to increase due to improvements in neonatal care and disease prevention activities. Access to appropriate health care and support is imperative; people with intellectual disability frequently experience unrecognised and poorly managed complex medical conditions, which detrimentally impact their mortality and morbidity rates. This article first traces health and disability rights in the development of international human rights law, and tracks the parallel movement from medical models of disability to the social model that underpins the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The article then narrows its focus to the domestic context and explores how Australia’s health and disability rights obligations might affect domestic policy and planning, so as to ultimately improve the health and well-being of this vulnerable population.