gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design at nanometric dimensions to enhance hydrophobicity-induced pKa shifts (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign at nanometric dimensions to enhance hydrophobicity-induced pKa shiftsD. W. Urry, D. C. Gowda, S. Q. Peng, T. M. Parker, and R. D. HarrisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 22, 8716–8717Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00048a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00048a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PCR NONADAPTIVE GROUP TESTING OF DNA LIBRARIES FOR BIOMOLECULAR COMPUTING AND TAGGANT APPLICATIONS (2009)

Using a universal and parallel battery of PCR reactions, we give a nonadaptive group testing method for identifying the individual strands in a pooled sample of several different DNA sequences taken from a DNA library. The method discussed here has potential applications to DNA taggants, DNA memory and DNA computing.
Washington Wire (1980)

Journal For Healthcare Quality: June 1980 - Volume 2 - Issue 3 - p 6 doi: 10.1111/j.1945-1474.1980.tb00233.x
The homograft aortic valve: a 29-year, 99.3% follow up of 1,022 valve replacements. (2001)

This largest, longest and most complete follow up demonstrates the excellent advantages of the homograft aortic valve for the treatment of acute endocarditis and for use in the 20+ year-old patient. However, young patients (< or = 20 years) experienced only a 47% freedom from reoperation from structural degeneration at 10 years such that alternative valve devices are indicated in this age group. The overall position of the homograft in relationship to other devices is presented.
Structural advantages of silicon-on-insulator FETs over FinFETs in steep subthreshold-swing operation in ferroelectric-gate FETs (2017)

In this paper, we discuss the subthreshold operation of fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FETs (SOI-FETs) and FinFETs, with embedded ferroelectric negative-capacitance gate insulators, using technology computer-aided design simulations. SOI-FETs with ultrathin buried-oxide layers and appropriate workfunctions for bottom electrodes are found to be more preferable to attain steep subthreshold swings lesser than 60 mV/decade, because SOI-FETs can effectively enable a voltage drop in the ferroelectric layer, even though the degree of matching of the depletion capacitance and the ferroelectric gate insulator capacitance is almost the same in SOI-FETs and FinFETs. These results give a novel insight into how the subthreshold swing can be improved in ferroelectric-gate MOSFETs.
A model of gastric electrical activity in health and disease (1995)

The idea of diagnosing gastric dysfunction from noninvasive measurements of gastric electrical activity (GEA) is intuitively appealing, but the predictive accuracy of the cutaneous signal, especially that of its amplitude, is still in question. Mathematical modeling provides a means of investigating, analyzing, and predicting GEA measured percutaneously. In this study, a model of GEA applicable both in health and disease was developed and simulated for a cylindrical body surface. Body-surface maps of the simulated electrogastrogram (EGG) were generated at a 20 by 20 array of sites on the model's surface, and the accuracy of the percutaneous method in detecting simulated gastric electrical abnormalities was determined. The relationship between the amplitude of the simulated surface EGG and the velocity of propagation of the myogenic activity was also investigated. This was compared to a similar investigation of the fluctuations in the amplitude of the surface EGG with the velocity of propagation of the serosal activity measured in humans. The diagnostic accuracy of the measured cutaneous EGG in humans was also determined. The results obtained from the mathematical model show that the amplitude of the electrogastrogram increases with the propagation velocity of GEA. Similar results were obtained from the experimental measurements. The amplitude of the simulated and measured cutaneous signal correlated well (p < 0.05) with the phase shift of the simulated and measured activities, (-0.85, -0.54), respectively. Serosal normal activity, tachygastria, and uncoupling were detected 67%, 90%, and 0% of the time, respectively, at the cutaneous electrode in humans. In simulations, normal activity and tachygastria were accurately detected at all 400 sites on the surface. Uncoupling simulated with 50% of the myogenic sources "diseased" was detected at only 20 of the 400 sites. The results confirm that the amplitude of the cutaneous signal is a function of the velocity of propagation of the myogenic signal. It also confirms that while GEA in health may be accurately predicted from percutaneous recordings, frequency and phase/coupling abnormalities are poorly detected from single-channel electrogastrograms. This suggests the use of multiple-channel surface recordings in clinical electrogastrography.
Nanosecond pulsed 620  nm source by frequency-doubling a phosphosilicate Raman fiber amplifier (2019)

We demonstrate a nanosecond pulsed source at 620 nm with watt-level average power by frequency-doubling a 1240 nm phosphosilicate Raman fiber amplifier. A gain-switched laser diode operating at 1064 nm is amplified in an ytterbium fiber master oscillator power amplifier system and then converted to 1240 nm using a phosphosilicate Raman fiber amplifier with a conversion efficiency of up to 66%. The Raman fiber amplifier is seeded with a continuous-wave 1240 nm laser diode to obtain narrow-linewidth radiation, which is subsequently frequency-doubled in a periodically poled lithium tantalate crystal. A maximum average power of 1.5 W is generated at 620 nm, corresponding to a pulse energy of 300 nJ at a repetition rate of 5 MHz. The source has excellent beam quality (<i>M</i><sup>2</sup>≤1.16) and an optical efficiency (1064 nm to 620 nm) of 20%, demonstrating an effective architecture for generating red pulsed light for biomedical imaging applications.
Incorporation of Hexa‐<i>peri</i>‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) into Carbazole–Benzo‐2,1,3‐thiadiazole Copolymers to Improve Hole Mobility and Photovoltaic Performance (2015)

Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) is a discotic-shaped conjugated molecule with strong π-π stacking property, high intrinsic charge mobility, and good self-assembly properties. For a long time, however, organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells based on HBC demonstrated low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). In this study, two conjugated terpolymers, poly[N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5'-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT)-5 HBC and PCDTBT-10 HBC, were synthesized by incorporating different amounts of HBC as the third component into poly[N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5'-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) through Suzuki coupling polymerization. For comparison, the donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated dipolymer PCDTBT was also synthesized to investigate the effect of HBC units on conjugated polymers. The HBC-containing polymers exhibited higher thermal stabilities, broader absorption spectra, and lower highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels. In particular, the field-effect mobilities were enhanced by more than one order of magnitude after the incorporation of HBC into the conjugated polymer backbone on account of increased interchain π-π stacking interactions. The bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) fabricated with the polymers as donor and PC71 BM as acceptor demonstrated gradual improvement of open-circuit voltage (VOC ) and short-circuit current (JSC ) with the increase in HBC content. As a result, the PCEs were improved from 3.21 % for PCDTBT to 3.78 % for PCDTBT-5 HBC and then to 4.20 % for PCDTBT-10 HBC.
Simulation of advanced ultrasound systems using Field II (2005)

The background and basic features of the Field II simulation program are described. It can simulate any linear ultrasound system, which can use single or multi-element transducers. Any kind of apodization, focusing, and excitation can be used. The basic theory behind the program's use of spatial impulse responses is explained. A simulation example for a synthetic aperture spread spectrum flow systems is described. It is shown how the advanced coded excitation can be set up, and how the simulation can be parallelized to reduce the simulation time from 17 months to 391 hours using a 32 CPU Linux cluster.
Feasibility for a large scale mouse mutagenesis by injecting CRISPR/Cas plasmid into zygotes (2013)

The recombinant clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas system has opened a new era for mammalian genome editing. Here, we constructed pX330 plasmids expressing humanized Cas9 (hCas9) and single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) against mouse genes and validated them both in vitro and in vivo. When we randomly chose 291 target sequences within protein coding regions of 73 genes, an average number of off-target candidates (exact match 13 nucleotides from 3' target and NGG) found by Bowtie software was 9.2 ± 21.0 (~1.8 times more than the estimated value, 5.2). We next validated their activity by observing green fluorescence reconstituted by homology dependent repair (HDR) of an EGFP expression cassette in HEK293T cells. Of the pX330 plasmids tested, 81.8% (238/291) were found to be functional in vitro. We finally injected the validated pX330 plasmids into mouse zygotes in its circular form against 32 genes (including two genes previously tested) and obtained mutant mice at a 52.9 ± 22.3% (100/196) mutation frequency. Among the pups carrying mutations on the autosomes, 43.6% (47/96) carried the mutations in both alleles. When off-target candidate sites were examined in 63 mutant mice, 0.8% (3/382) were mutated. We conclude that our method provides a simple, efficient, and cost-effective way for mammalian gene editing that is applicable for large scale mutagenesis in mammals.
Fishing for space junk [News] (2018)

A spacecraft may soon be able to snare space junk by firing harpoons and nets. A European mission was expected to begin tests in late May of space-age versions of those ancient tools to clean up Earth's cluttered orbital lanes. Space junk has already destroyed at least one satellite, damaged others, and periodically forces the crew aboard the International Space Station to take evasive action. There are more than half a million pieces of space debris larger than a marble and tens of thousands of significantly larger specimens left over from spent rocket boosters and defunct satellites. To head off future catastrophe, experts from NASA and the European Space Agency have proposed removing 5 to 10 large pieces of debris each year.
X-ray analysis of thin films and multilayers (1996)

X-ray diffraction is sensitive to thin films of atomic dimensions to thicknesses of many tens of microns, by virtue of the x-ray wavelengths employed and the very high diffraction-space resolutions attainable. X-ray methods are generally non-destructive, in that sample preparation is not required, and they can provide a very appropriate route to obtain structural information on thin films and multilayers. Analysis can be performed across the whole spectrum of material types from perfect single crystals to amorphous materials. The choice of the x-ray diffraction analysis procedure depends on the quality of the structural form and therefore this review has been organized to reflect this. Following a description of the various material types, some typically important material parameters have been given arising from the application areas. These material parameters relating to the structure are then categorized into macroscopic and microscopic properties which can then be further subdivided and correlated to the most appropriate analysis method. It is clear from this that x-ray analysis covers the whole range and from this the recent developments will become clear. It is intended therefore that the reader is not compelled to read from beginning to end, but rather be able to find the structural parameter of interest to him/her in a simple way and from that discover the various approaches to its determination.
Estimation of body composition of pigs by a near-infrared interactance probe technique (2005)

Abstract. Near-infrared (NIR) interactance was evaluated as a potentially new method for estimating live body and carcass composition of pigs. Using a surface placed fiber optic probe, measurements of the live animal and carcass were made on a total of 120 pigs. These measurements were compared with lipid and protein content of soft tissue dissected from the pig carcass. NIR results were evaluated using multiple regression equations containing NIR readings at various locations on the body, combinations of wavelengths and with or without ultrasonic fat depth readings and body weight. NIR measurements made on the carcass predicted percent carcass fat (R = 0.71) better than did measurements made on the live animal (R = 0.66), however, both could be improved substantially by including live body weight in the prediction equation (R = 0.93 and 0.91). Spectral information indicated that the depth of tissue penetration and reflectance may be the primary limitation in this application of the current technology.
Synthesis and antimicrobial screening of cyclohexenones and oxazines (2003)

Department of Chemistry. Saurashtra University. Rajkot-360 005, India <em>E-mail:</em> hhparekh@yahoo.com Fax : 91-0281-78512 <em>Manuscript received 1 February 2002. accepted 21 August 2002</em> 4-Cinnamoyloxybenzylidene (1) on condensation with various ketones yielded 1-aryl-3-(4'-cinnamoyloxypheny1)-2-propene-1-ones (2), which on cyclization with ethyl acetoacetate in acetone and urea in alcoholic KOH furnished 6-carbethoxy-5-(4'-cinnamoyloxypheny1)- 3-aryl-1-cyclohexenones (3a-h) and 2-imino-4-aryl-6-(4'-cinnamoyloxyphenyl)-6<em>H</em>-2,3-dihydro-1,3-oxazines (4a-h), respectively. All the compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity.
An Improved Procedure for the Preparation of all-<i>trans</i>-Geranylgeraniol<sup>[1]</sup> (1993)

All-trans-geranylgeraniol (4) is prepared in more than 44 % yield by an improved Wittig-Horner reaction with farnesylacetone (1) and reduction of the resulting geranylgeranoate (3) with aluminium hydride.
A multicenter study of tenoxicam and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. (1993)

Tenoxicam is efficacious and well tolerated in patients with OA of the knee. In this group of patients it was similar in efficacy and superior in tolerability to diclofenac 150 mg/day (50 mg tid). Thus the benefit/risk ratio of tenoxicam was superior to that of diclofenac in this study.
Integrated Label-Free Protein Detection and Separation in Real Time Using Confined Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (2007)

We demonstrate a label-free protein detection and separation technology for real-time monitoring of proteins in micro/nanofluidic channels, confined surface plasmon resonance imaging (confined-SPRi). This was achieved by fabricating ultrathin fluidic channels (500 nm high, 500 microm wide) directly on top of a specialized SPRi sensor surface. In this way, SPRi is uniquely used to detect proteins deep into the fluidic channel while maintaining high lateral accuracy of separated products. The channel fluid and proteins were driven electrokinetically under an external electric field. For this to occur, the metallic SPR sensor (46 nm of Au on 2 nm of Cr) was segmented into an array of squares (each 200 microm x 200 microm in size and spaced 8 microm apart) and coated with 30 nm of CYTOP polymer. In this work, we track label-free protein separation in real time through a simple cross-junction fluidic device with an 8-mm separation channel length under 30 V/cm electric field strength.
Oxidation of Butane to Maleic Anhydride (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of Butane to Maleic AnhydrideT. C. Bissot and K. A. BensonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1963, 2, 1, 57–60Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/i360005a014Request reuse permissionsArticle Views828Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (410 KB) Get e-Alerts
Graphene-Supported Ag-Based Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Generation in Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane and Methylamine Borane (2013)

Well-dispersed magnetically recyclable core-shell Ag@M (M = Co, Ni, Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) supported on graphene have been synthesized via a facile in situ one-step procedure, using methylamine borane (MeAB) as a reducing agent under ambient condition. Their catalytic activity toward hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB) were studied. Although the Ag@Fe/graphene NPs are almost inactive, the as-prepared Ag@Co/graphene NPs are the most reactive catalysts, followed by Ag@Ni/graphene NPs. Compared with AB and NaBH4, the as-synthesized Ag@Co/graphene catalysts which reduced by MeAB exert the highest catalytic activity. Additionally, the Ag@Co NPs supported on graphene exhibit higher catalytic activity than the catalysts with other conventional supports, such as the SiO2, carbon black, and γ-Al2O3. The as-synthesized Ag@Co/graphene NPs exert satisfied catalytic activity, with the turnover frequency (TOF) value of 102.4 (mol H2 min(-1) (mol Ag)(-1)), and the activation energy Ea value of 20.03 kJ/mol. Furthermore, the as-synthesized Ag@Co/graphene NPs show good recyclability and magnetically reusability for the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of AB and MeAB, which make the practical reusing application of the catalysts more convenient. Moreover, this simple synthetic method indicates that MeAB could be used as not only a potential hydrogen storage material but also an efficient reducing agent. It can be easily extended to facile preparation of other graphene supported metal NPs.
Be Clear About Managed Care to Get Clear About Doctor-Patient Relations (2006)

In order to understand the nature of doctor-patient relations in the post-managed care era, Alexander and Lantos (2006) need to clearly describe the organizational, economic and regulatory nature o...
Characterization of the timing and prevalence of receptor tyrosine kinase expression changes in oesophageal carcinogenesis (2012)

Despite being common in epithelial malignancies, the timing of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) up-regulation is poorly understood and therefore hampers the identification of the receptor to target for effective treatment. We aimed to determine if RTK expression changes were early events in carcinogenesis. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma and its pre-invasive lesion, Barrett's oesophagus, were used for immunohistochemical analysis of the RTK panel, EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, Met, and FGFR2, by utilizing a cohort of patients with invasive disease (n = 367) and two cohorts with pre-invasive disease, one cross-sectional (n = 110) and one longitudinal in time (n = 91). The results demonstrated that 51% of oesophageal adenocarcinomas overexpressed at least one of the RTK panel, with 21% of these overexpressing multiple receptors. Up-regulation of RTK expression was an early event corresponding with low-grade dysplasia development (25% in areas without dysplasia versus 63% in low-grade dysplasia, p < 0.001). There was a trend for an increase in the prevalence of concomitant overexpression of multiple receptors as intestinal metaplasia progressed to low-grade dysplasia, 7% versus 10%; and from low-grade dysplasia to high-grade dysplasia, 10% versus 19% (p = 0.06 and 0.24, respectively). The timing of receptor up-regulation varied; FGFR, ErbB2, and Met overexpression occurred as dysplasia first developed, whilst EGFR overexpression was predominately seen in invasive disease and ErbB3 overexpression was uniformly rare. We provide evidence for a frequent and early role for multiple different RTKs in oesophageal carcinogenesis. Given the early timing of receptor deregulation, inhibiting RTKs in pre-invasive disease may also represent a novel and effective chemopreventive strategy.
Stringent chemical and thermal regulation of recombinant gene expression by vaccinia virus vectors in mammalian cells. (1995)

We developed a stringently regulated expression system for mammalian cells that uses (i) the RNA polymerase, phi 10 promoter, and T phi transcriptional terminator of bacteriophage T7; (ii) the lac repressor, lac operator, rho-independent transcriptional terminators and the gpt gene of Escherichia coli; (iii) the RNA translational enhancer of encephalomyocarditis virus; and (iv) the genetic background of vaccinia virus. In cells infected with the recombinant vaccinia virus, reporter beta-galactosidase synthesis was not detected in the absence of inducer. An induction of at least 10,000- to 20,000-fold occurred upon addition of isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside or by temperature elevation from 30 to 37 degrees C using a temperature-sensitive lac repressor. Regulated synthesis of the secreted and highly glycosylated human immunodeficiency virus 1 envelope protein gp120 was also demonstrated. Yields of both proteins were approximately 2 mg per 10(8) cells in 24 hr. Plasmid transfer vectors for cloning and expression of complete or incomplete open reading frames in recombinant vaccinia viruses are described.