gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Calcium Salts of Fatty Acids and Proportion of Forage in Diet on Ruminal Fermentation and Nutrient Flow to Duodenum of Cows (1991)

Four Holstein cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square to investigate the effects of calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (fat) and proportion of forage in diet on ruminal fermentation, flow of nutrients to the small intestine, and animal performance. Treatments, arranged in a 2 x 2 (fat x forage) factorial, were 1) low (50%) forage, no fat; 2) low forage, fat; 3) high (67%) forage, no fat; and 4) high forage, fat. Feeding fat decreased OM intake and OM truly digested in the rumen. Feeding high forage diets decreased intakes of OM and starch and increased intakes of ADF and NDF. Ruminal pH and ratio of acetate to propionate were increased with high forage diets compared with low forage diets. Feeding fat and different amounts of forage to cows did not alter the flows of NAN and microbial N to the duodenum or efficiency of microbial growth. Production of milk and 4% FCM and percentage of fat in milk were increased by feeding fat. Feeding high forage diets decreased milk production, increased percentage of fat in milk, increased the yield of fat, and caused no change in 4% FCM production. The percentage of protein in milk was decreased by feeding high forage diets and fat, but yield of milk protein was decreased only by feeding high forage diets to cows.
Fracture-based micro- and nanofabrication for biological applications (2014)

While fracture is generally considered to be undesirable in various manufacturing processes, delicate control of fracture can be successfully implemented to generate structures at micro/nano length scales. Fracture-based fabrication techniques can serve as a template-free manufacturing method, and enables highly-ordered patterns or fluidic channels to be formed over large areas in a simple and cost-effective manner. Such technologies can be leveraged to address biologically-relevant problems, such as in the analysis of biomolecules or in the design of culture systems that imitate the cellular or molecular environment. This mini review provides an overview of current fracture-guided fabrication techniques and their biological applications. We first survey the mechanical principles of fracture-based approaches. Then we describe biological applications at the cellular and molecular levels. Finally, we discuss unique advantages of the different system for biological studies.
Direct Glycosylation of Bioactive Small Molecules with Glycosyl Iodide and Strained Olefin as Acid Scavenger (2014)

A new strategy for diversity-oriented direct glycosylation of bioactive small molecules was developed. This reaction features (−)-β-pinene as acid scavenger and work with glycosyl iodides under mild conditions. With the aid of RP-HPLC and chiral SFC separation techniques, the new direct glycosylation proved effective at gram scale on bioactive small molecules including AZD6244, podophyllotoxin, paclitaxel, and docetaxel. Interesting glycoside derivatives were efficiently created with good yields and 1,2-cis selectivity.
Transforming Growth Factor-β and Interleukin-10 Synergistically Regulate Humoral Immunity via Modulating Metabolic Signals (2018)

Inhibitory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), are humoral factors involved in the suppressive function of regulatory T cells and play critical roles in maintaining immune homeostasis. However, TGF-β and IL-10 also have pleiotropic effects and induce humoral immune responses depending on conditions, and thus their therapeutic application to autoimmune diseases remains limited. Here, we show that a combination of TGF-β and IL-10, but not single cytokine, is required to suppress B cell activation induced by toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. In <i>in vivo</i> analyses, the simultaneous presence of TGF-β and IL-10 effectively suppressed TLR-mediated antigen-specific immune responses and ameliorated pathologies in imiquimod (TLR7 agonist)-induced lupus model and lupus-prone MRL/<i>lpr</i> mice. Intriguingly, TGF-β and IL-10 synergistically modulated transcriptional programs and suppressed cellular energetics of both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation <i>via</i> inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) pathway in TLR-stimulated B cells. On the other hand, enhancement of mTOR signaling and mitochondrial biosynthesis in TLR-stimulated B cells counteracted the synergistic inhibitory effects. The inhibitory cytokine synergy of TGF-β and IL-10 <i>via</i> suppression of energy metabolism was also observed in human TLR-stimulated B cells. There is increasing evidence supporting the importance of adequate metabolic signals in various immune cells to exert their immune function. In this study, we have shown that a previously unrecognized synergy of inhibitory cytokines regulates systemic humoral immune responses <i>via</i> modulating immunometabolism in B cells. Our findings indicate that inhibition of B cell metabolism mediated by two synergistic cytokines contributes to the induction of immune tolerance and could be a new therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
Price-aware Recommendation with Graph Convolutional Networks (2020)

In recent years, much research effort on recommendation has been devoted to mining user behaviors, i.e., collaborative filtering, along with the general information which describes users or items, e.g., textual attributes, categorical demographics, product images, and so on. Price, an important factor in marketing --- which determines whether a user will make the final purchase decision on an item --- surprisingly, has received relatively little scrutiny. In this work, we aim at developing an effective method to predict user purchase intention with the focus on the price factor in recommender systems. The main difficulties are two-fold: 1) the preference and sensitivity of a user on item price are unknown, which are only implicitly reflected in the items that the user has purchased, and 2) how the item price affects a user's intention depends largely on the product category, that is, the perception and affordability of a user on item price could vary significantly across categories. Towards the first difficulty, we propose to model the transitive relationship between user-to-item and item-to-price, taking the inspiration from the recently developed Graph Convolution Networks (GCN). The key idea is to propagate the influence of price on users with items as the bridge, so as to make the learned user representations be price-aware. For the second difficulty, we further integrate item categories into the propagation progress and model the possible pairwise interactions for predicting user-item interactions. We conduct extensive experiments on two real-world datasets, demonstrating the effectiveness of our GCN-based method in learning the price-aware preference of users. Further analysis reveals that modeling the price awareness is particularly useful for predicting user preference on items of unexplored categories.
The genome sequence of the anaerobic, sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (2004)

Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough is a model organism for studying the energy metabolism of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and for understanding the economic impacts of SRB, including biocorrosion of metal infrastructure and bioremediation of toxic metal ions. The 3,570,858 base pair (bp) genome sequence reveals a network of novel c-type cytochromes, connecting multiple periplasmic hydrogenases and formate dehydrogenases, as a key feature of its energy metabolism. The relative arrangement of genes encoding enzymes for energy transduction, together with inferred cellular location of the enzymes, provides a basis for proposing an expansion to the 'hydrogen-cycling' model for increasing energy efficiency in this bacterium. Plasmid-encoded functions include modification of cell surface components, nitrogen fixation and a type-III protein secretion system. This genome sequence represents a substantial step toward the elucidation of pathways for reduction (and bioremediation) of pollutants such as uranium and chromium and offers a new starting point for defining this organism's complex anaerobic respiration.
In situ visualization of high genetic diversity in a natural microbial community (1996)

Simultaneous in situ visualization of seven distinct bacterial genotypes, all affiliated with the phylogenetically narrow group of beta-1 Proteobacteria, was achieved in activated sludge. This finding indicates that the high diversity found in the same sample by direct rRNA sequence retrieval was indeed present in this complex community. By the combination of comparative rRNA sequence analysis, in situ hybridization with fluorescently labeled, rRNA-targeted oligonucleotides and confocal laser scanning microscopy several microbial populations can be analyzed for abundance, relative spatial distribution and phylogeny directly at their site of action without prior cultivation.
Solution Plasma Surface Modification for Nanocarbon-Composite Materials (2009)

Surface modification of carbon nanoballs (CNBs) using a plasma in liquid phase (solution plasma) and preparation of CNB/polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposite were demonstrated. Reactive species such as OH radical and H2O2 generated from solution plasma oxidized the surface of CNBs and changed into hydrophilic. Mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity in tension and flexural modulus, especially impact strength) of hydrophilic CNB/PA6 composite were improved as compared to PA6 and untreated CNB/PA6 composite. CNBs with hydrophilic surface modified by solution plasma were well-dispersed into PA6 matrix.
THE EFFECTS OF RETINOIC ACID ANALOGS ON THE BLAST CELLS OF ACUTE MYELOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA IN CULTURE (1994)

The effects of retinoic acid (RA) analogues, Am80 and Ch55, on acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) cells, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells, and normal bone marrow (BM) cells, were studied in vitro. These analogues have different binding affinity to RA receptors and cellular retinoic acid binding proteins (CRABP). All-trans RA (ATRA) showed various effects on the proliferation of AML cells and BM cells. These analogues showed similar effects. Regarding the differentiation of APL cells into neutrophils, Ch55 and Am80 were more potent than ATRA. Ch55, which does not bind to CRABP, may overcome the clinical problem of retinoid-resistance due to the induction of CRABP.
Aberrant sphingolipid signaling is involved in the resistance of prostate cancer cell lines to chemotherapy. (1999)

Activation of the apoptosis program has been implicated in the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Therefore, we postulated that chemotherapy-resistant prostate cancer has developed a lesion in the apoptosis signal transduction cascade. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the resistance of apoptosis-insensitive prostate cancer cells to apoptosis. We approached this by comparing the response of the androgen-sensitive LNCaP cell line and the androgen-insensitive PC3 cell line to treatment with the topoisomerase I inhibitor, camptothecin. We demonstrated that LNCaP cells are susceptible to camptothecin-induced cell death, and PC3 cells are resistant. Additional studies confirmed that the mode of cell death in the LNCaP cells was by apoptosis. We then determined that a component of the resistance to death in the apoptosis-insensitive cells involved a defect in the generation of ceramide, a key lipid mediator of apoptosis. Specifically, we demonstrated that PC3 cells are unable to elevate ceramide in response to treatment with camptothecin. In contrast, elevations in ceramide levels occur in LNCaP cells in response to the same treatment. Significantly, additional studies showed that treatment with exogenous ceramide overcomes the lesion in the PC3 cells and induces apoptosis. In attempting to gain preliminary insight into the nature of the lesion in ceramide formation in the apoptosis-resistant cells, we established that generation of ceramide in LNCaP cells is independent of the de novo pathway. These studies present novel insights into the mechanism by which prostate cancer cells may be resistant to induction of apoptosis. The significance of this study lies in the fact that an understanding of the biological and molecular events contributing to the resistance of prostate cancer to therapy is crucial to the development of more effective regimens for advanced disease.
MEMS-based RF channel selection for true software-defined cognitive radio and low-power sensor communications (2013)

An evaluation of the potential for MEMS technologies to realize the RF front-end frequency gating spectrum analyzer function needed by true software-defined cognitive radios and ultra-low-power autonomous sensor network radios is presented. Here, RF channel selection, as opposed to band selection that removes all interferers, even those in band, and passes only the desired channel, is key to substantial potential increases in call volume with simultaneous reductions in power consumption. The relevant MEMS technologies most conducive to RF channel- selecting front-ends include vibrating micromechanical resonators that exhibit record on-chip Qs at gigahertz frequencies; resonant switches that provide extremely efficient switched-mode power gain for both transmit and receive paths; medium-scale integrated micromechanical circuits that implement on/off switchable filter-amplifier banks; and fabrication technologies that integrate MEMS together with foundry CMOS transistors in a fully monolithic low-capacitance single-chip process. The many issues that make realization of RF channel selection a truly challenging proposition include resonator drift stability, mechanical circuit complexity, repeatability and fabrication tolerances, and the need for resonators at gigahertz frequencies with simultaneous high Ω (>30,000) and low impedance (e.g., 50 W for conventional systems). Some perspective on which resonator technologies might best achieve these simultaneous attributes is provided.
Removing S‐wave noise in TTI reverse time migration (2009)

Anisotropy is intrinsically an elastic phenomenon. The widely‐used acoustic anisotropic wave equation results in significant shear wave presence in both modeling data and reverse time migration images. In this abstract, we discuss two approaches to reduce the S‐wave noise in migration. The first is based on an elastic anisotropic wave equation with non‐zero S‐wave velocity to attenuate S‐wave noise. The second approach uses a supplementary routine to remove the S‐waves after wavefield modeling in each time step. Impulse responses and a simple 2D TTI example show that both methods reduce S‐wave energy significantly and lead to a cleaner image than those based on the conventional acoustic anisotropic wave equation.
Synthesis of .alpha.-ketols mediated by divalent samarium compounds (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of .alpha.-ketols mediated by divalent samarium compoundsJacqueline Collin, Jean Louis Namy, Frederic Dallemer, and Henri B. KaganCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 9, 3118–3122Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00009a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00009a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views740Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Complex compounds with lipids in the evolution of metalloenzymes]. (1976)

The change of the role of metals in the evolution of enzymes was going on from the formation by them first of labile compounds during activation by ions of various reactions to the formation of more stable complexes in active centres. During the transition from anaerobiosis to aerobiosis in oxidoreductases with the participation of metals an increase of the oxidationreduction potential values (E'O) occurred. A simultaneous accomplishment of reactions in the cells at strongly differing values of the potential became possible owing to the formation of complexes with lipids by metalloenzymes being active at high E'O. Entering the membranes of subcellular structures these metalloenzymes form complex compounds with various groups of lipids-phospholipids neutral lipids, glycolipids. These are compounds with Fe, Ti, Cu, Mn and other polyvalent metals; they regulate the transfer of electrons and its changes in the evolution of the main fermentative processes of living cells, as for example respiration and assimilation of carbon dioxide.
Advances in the biological effects of terahertz wave radiation (2014)

The terahertz (THz) band lies between microwave and infrared rays in wavelength and consists of non-ionizing radiation. Both domestic and foreign research institutions, including the army, have attached considerable importance to the research and development of THz technology because this radiation exhibits both photon-like and electron-like properties, which grant it considerable application value and potential. With the rapid development of THz technology and related applications, studies of the biological effects of THz radiation have become a major focus in the field of life sciences. Research in this field has only just begun, both at home and abroad. In this paper, research progress with respect to THz radiation, including its biological effects, mechanisms and methods of protection, will be reviewed.
Treatment of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with observations on the use of natamycin (1968)

The problems of treatment in bronchopulmonary aspergillosis are discussed and illustrated by 11 case reports—four with aspergilloma, six with allergic aspergillosis, and two with probable allergic aspergillosis. A simple and effective treatment of aspergilloma, by local surgical evacuation of the cavity followed by irrigation with natamycin (Pimaricin), is described in three cases. Prior treatment of these cases with inhalations or intrabronchial instillations of natamycin was of doubtful benefit. The therapy of allergic aspergillosis is reviewed and an active approach is urged, based on the probable pathogenesis of the disease. This includes consideration of physical methods of removing bronchial plugs, mucolytic agents, steroids, and antifungal drugs given by aerosol in the absence of any that are suitable for systemic use. Steroids improved ventilatory function and were effective in resolving and preventing further episodes of pulmonary eosinophilia, but not usually in clearing the fungus from the bronchial tree, probably because permanent damage had already been sustained; they also carry the theoretical risk of allowing fungal invasion. Natamycin inhalations alone are considered of little value in the active disease, although their place in prophylaxis and when used with steroids remains to be evaluated. Mucolytic agents may help to clear the bronchial secretions, especially when these have become chronically impacted.
Prospects for control of torque converter using magnetic fluid (1995)

The hydrodynamic torque converter (HTC) is very popular in power transmission systems because of its advantages, i.e. the capacity for damping of torsional vibrations or for an automatic change of the torque multiplication according to a change of load. The main HTC disadvantage is its low efficiency, but the influence of this can be reduced by the correct choice of operating conditions of an engine. A magnetic fluid is sensitive to magnetic field. It is a stable colloidal system consisting of very small ferromagnetic particles dispersed in a liquid carrier. The use of various magnetic fluids in HTC is examined. (3 pages)
Pax genes and their role in organogenesis. (1999)

Pax genes have been cloned on the basis of their homology to the Drosophila segmentation gene paired. They share a common domain, the paired domain, that is sufficient to mediate sequence-specific DNA binding. Thus far, nine members have been characterized, which exhibit highly restricted temporal and spatial expression patterns. The analysis of mouse mutants has revealed their crucial role in the formation of a variety of tissues. In particular, they are involved in the regulation of early steps in organ development. They act to define the regional specification of distinct germ layers.
Aspects of the control of synchronous reluctance machines including saturation and iron losses (2003)

The authors consider aspects of the control of synchronous reluctance machines driven from an inverter when the effects of saturation and iron losses are taken into account. The control strategies considered are maximum torque control (i.e. maximum torque per ampere), maximum power factor control, maximum rate of change of torque control, maximum efficiency control, and field weakening control. A general observation about all the strategies considered is that the current angle of operation is usually large, so that the saturation in the D axis inductance is minimal, even for the higher output powers. This indicates that the identification of the saturated values of the L/sub d/ inductance may not be required in a practical controller. The iron loss resistance, on the other hand, plays a crucial role in determining the optimum angles of operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
35 GHz downconverter using HTS films (1994)

A receiver with an RF band of 34.6 GHz to 35.4 GHz, an integral local oscillator with a frequency of 36.5 GHz, and an IF frequency of 1.1 GHz to 1.9 GHz was designed and fabricated. The RF filter was a three pole distributed design fabricated with High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) films. The IF filter was a 9 pole lumped element design fabricated with HTS films. The local oscillator was a parallel feedback type design using a sapphire resonator shielded by two HTS ground planes. The rest of the elements used normal conductors or semiconductors operated at 77K. The entire subassembly was integrated into a liquid nitrogen dewar and its performance is reported in the text, with the important figures of merit being low noise figure and low phase noise.
Transvalvular Impedance (TVI) Recording Under Electrical and Pharmocological Cardiac Stimulation (1996)

The cardiac electric impedance was recorded between right atrium and ventricle, throughout the cardiac cycle, by means of a tripolar single pass lead for VDD pacing. The transvalvular impedance signal (TVI) is a sharp periodic wave, with high signal-to-noise ratio, that is detected exclusively in the presence of cardiac mechanical activity. The minimum TVI value is attained during the atrial systole, the maximum at the end of ventricular systole. Different parameters of TVI waveform are affected by changes in the inotropic state, and could therefore be proposed as potential signals for new rate responsive algorithms based on the correlation between inotropic and chronotropic regulation. The signal might be used, moreover, for pacing and sensing validation in autoregulating pacemakers and for fibrillation recognition in ICDs.