gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short Protograph-Based LDPC Codes (2007)

In this paper we design protograph-based LDPC codes with short block sizes. Mainly we consider rate 1/2 codes with input block sizes 64, 128, and 256 bits. To simplify the encoder and decoder implementations for high data rate transmission, the structure of the codes is based on protographs and circulants. These codes are designed for short block sizes based on maximizing the minimum distance and stopping set size subject to a constraint on the maximum variable node degree. In particular, we consider codes with variable node degrees between 3 and 5. Increasing the node degree leads to larger minimum distances, at the expense of smaller girth. Therefore, there is a trade-off between undetected error rate performance (improved by increasing minimum distance) and the degree of sub-optimality of the iterative decoders typically used (which are adversely affected by graph loops). Various LDPC codes are compared and simulation results are provided.
Regulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in five rat hepatoma cell lines. (1984)

Significant changes in aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity occur during rat hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo. An NADP-dependent tumor ALDH isozyme has been studied extensively. To better understand the nature, origin, and importance of this tumor-associated phenotypic change, we have examined the ALDH activity of five well-established rat hepatoma cell lines, H4-II-EC3, HTC, McA-RH7777, JM1, and JM2. HTC, JM1, and JM2 express the tumor ALDH phenotype, as indicated by elevated NADP-dependent, benzaldehyde-oxidizing activity, the appearance of new isozymes by electrophoresis, and characteristic histochemical localization of ALDH activity in situ. The tumor ALDH phenotype is not detected in McA-RH7777 cells. H4-II-EC3 has intermediate tumor ALDH activity. Thus, the 5 cell lines provide a spectrum of tumor ALDH activities representative of the range of activities seen in vivo. Benzo(a)pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene, and phenobarbital induce hepatic ALDH activity after treatment in vivo. The ability of these compounds to induce ALDH in vitro was assessed in H4-II-EC3, McA-RH7777, HTC, JM1, and JM2. Treatment of cell cultures for 72 hr with 3-methylcholanthrene (1.0 mM) increases the NADP-dependent ALDH activity in H4-II-EC3 and McA-RH7777 cell lines up to 34- and 11-fold, respectively. Treatment with benzo(a)pyrene (1.0 mM) also increases the NADP-dependent ALDH activity in both lines up to 17- and 48-fold, respectively. Treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene or benzo(a)pyrene increases ALDH activity 2-fold in HTC and JM2 but does not increase NADP-dependent ALDH activity in JM1. Only marginal increases in NADP-dependent ALDH are observed after phenobarbital treatment in 4 of 5 cell lines. The induction of ALDH is blocked by actinomycin D, alpha-amanitin, and cycloheximide. These studies support our hypothesis that changes in ALDH activity observed in vivo are due to mutational events occurring in initiated cells. It appears that rat hepatoma cell lines will provide an in vitro model for studying genetic regulation of the tumor ALDH.
Design and Clinical Evaluation of a Handheld Wavefront Autorefractor (2015)

The prototype autorefractor exhibits equivalent performance to the GS autorefractor in matching power vectors measured by SR.
User generated spatial content: an analysis of the phenomenon and its challenges for mapping agencies (2011)

Since the World Wide Web (Web) became a medium to serve information, its impact on geographic information has been constantly growing. Today the evolution of the bi-directional Web 2.0 has created the phenomenon of User Generated Spatial Content. In this Thesis the focus is into analysing different aspects of this phenomenon from the perspective of a mapping agency and also developing methodologies for meeting the challenges revealed.\nIn this context two empirical studies are conducted. The first examines the spatial dimension of the popular Web 2.0 photo-sharing websites like Flickr, Panoramio, Picasa Web and Geograph, mainly investigating whether such Web applications can serve as sources of spatial content. The findings show that only Web applications that urge users to interact directly with spatial entities can serve as universal sources of spatial content. The second study looks into data quality issues of the OpenStreetMap, a popular wiki-based Web mapping application. Here the focus is on the positional accuracy and attribution quality of the user generated spatial entities. The research reveals that positional accuracy is fit for a number of purposes. On the other hand, the user contributed attributes suffer from inconsistencies. This is mainly due to the lack of a methodology that could help to the formalisation of the contribution process, and thus enhance the overall quality of the dataset. The Thesis explores a formalisation process through an XML Schema for remedying this problem. Finally, the advantages of using vector data in order to enhance interactivity and thus create more efficient and bi-directional Web 2.0 mapping applications is analysed and a new method for vector data transmission over the Web is presented.
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis as a Solution for Determining Rifampin Resistance Mutations by Automated DNA Sequencing in Heteroresistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Strains (2005)

Rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mainly due to a small number of mutations in the rpoB gene coding for the beta subunit of RNA polymerase. Heteroresistance, which is defined as a mixture of wildtype and resistant subpopulations in the same culture, can influence the sensitivity of molecular tests for determining drug resistance by leading to false negative or indeterminable results. In our laboratory, we identified one heteroresistant strain during sequencing of the rpoB gene mutations, which are responsible for Rifampin resistance in M. tuberculosis. The sequence analysis of this isolate demonstrated the mixture of different strains, and the exact nature of the mutation could not be determined. In order to solve this problem, the possible mutation site was digested with Tsp509I restriction endonuclease, which made us separate the different strains. Sequencing of the separated mutated product revealed the mutation responsible for Rifampin resistance. From this result, we propose that, when the suggested mutation site creates and/or deletes a restriction endonuclease recognition site in heteroresistant populations, restriction endonuclease analysis can be used to ease the determination of resistance mutations by sequencing.
Adaptive MAC Protocol for Throughput Enhancement in Cognitive Radio Networks (2008)

Cognitive radio technology has been proposed to share the scarce spectrum resources without disturbing the legacy devices of wireless network. The cognitive radio device is allowed to use the spectrum only when it does not cause any interferences or collisions to the incumbent users. We suggest an adaptive MAC protocol for the purpose of a throughput enhancement in cognitive radio networks. Assuming the channel status is dynamically known to the devices, they change their transmission mode between frame recovery mode and dual transmit mode according to the channel status. When the cognitive channel is hard to use due to frame errors, the channel is used for the frame errors recovery. Otherwise, in addition to its own legacy channel, the cognitive channel can be used to increase the throughput. In this paper, we study the effect of using additional channel in the cognitive networks, and prove an adaptive method of MAC protocol in the interest of throughput enhancement in cognitive radio network, and prove the performance of our proposed mechanism by simulations.
Itk tyrosine kinase substrate docking is mediated by a nonclassical SH2 domain surface of PLCγ1 (2009)

Interleukin-2 tyrosine kinase (Itk) is a Tec family tyrosine kinase that mediates signaling processes after T cell receptor engagement. Activation of Itk requires recruitment to the membrane via its pleckstrin homology domain, phosphorylation of Itk by the Src kinase, Lck, and binding of Itk to the SLP-76/LAT adapter complex. After activation, Itk phosphorylates and activates phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1), leading to production of two second messengers, DAG and IP(3). We have previously shown that phosphorylation of PLC-gamma1 by Itk requires a direct, phosphotyrosine-independent interaction between the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of PLC-gamma1 and the kinase domain of Itk. We now define this docking interface using a combination of mutagenesis and NMR spectroscopy and show that disruption of the Itk/PLCgamma1 docking interaction attenuates T cell signaling. The binding surface on PLCgamma1 that mediates recognition by Itk highlights a nonclassical binding activity of the well-studied SH2 domain providing further evidence that SH2 domains participate in important signaling interactions beyond recognition of phosphotyrosine.
Using semantic data models in knowledge-based manufacturing-workcell design (2002)

The application of advanced database concepts in the design of manufacturing work cells is discussed. After an overview of some applications of semantic and object-oriented data models in the manufacturing domain, issues relating to their use in the design of manufacturing work cells are presented. A simple data and knowledge organization that integrates ideas and constructs typically available in general-purpose semantic data models with other mechanisms specifically tailored to the target domain is then illustrated. Finally, the use of this knowledge organization within a functionality-driven, task-level design procedure is discussed and illustrated by means of an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Highly Conserved N-Terminal Domains of Histones H3 and H4 Are Required for Normal Cell Cycle Progression (1991)

The N-terminal domains of the histones H3 and H4 are highly conserved throughout evolution. Mutant alleles deleted for these N-terminal domains were constructed in vitro and examined for function in vivo in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells containing a single deletion allele of either histone H3 or histone H4 were viable. Deletion of the N-terminal domain of histone H4 caused cells to become sterile and temperature sensitive for growth. The normal cell cycle progression of these cells was also altered, as revealed by a major delay in progression through the G2 + M periods. Deletion of the N-terminal domain of histone H3 had only minor effects on mating and the temperature-sensitive growth of mutant cells. However, like the H4 mutant, the H3 mutants had a significant delay in completing the G2 + M periods of the division cycle. Double mutants containing N-terminal domain deletions of both histone H3 and histone H4 were inviable. The phenotypes of cells subject to this synthetic lethality suggest that the N-terminal domains are required for functions essential throughout the cell division cycle and provide genetic evidence that histones are randomly distributed during chromosome replication.
Exosomes and Exosome-Inspired Vesicles for Targeted Drug Delivery (2018)

The similarities between exosomes and liposomes, together with the high organotropism of several types of exosomes, have recently prompted the development of engineered-exosomes or exosome-mimetics, which may be artificial (liposomal) or cell-derived vesicles, as advanced platforms for targeted drug delivery. Here, we provide the current state-of-the-art of using exosome or exosome-inspired systems for drug delivery. We review the various approaches investigated and the shortcomings of each approach. Finally the challenges which have been identified to date in this field are summarized.
Susceptibility of Four Tick Species, Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes scapularis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae), to Nootkatone From Essential Oil of Grapefruit (2011)

Toxicity of nootkatone was determined in laboratory assays against unfed nymphs of Amblyomma americanum L., Dermacentor variabilis (Say), Ixodes scapularis Say, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille. We determined the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) and 90% lethal concentration (LC90) of nootkatone by recording tick mortality 24 h after exposure in treated glass vials. Nymphs were susceptible to nootkatone with LC50 values of 0.352, 0.233, 0.169, and 0.197 microg/cm2, and LC90 values of 1.001, 0.644, 0.549, and 0.485 microg/cm2 for A. americanum, D. variabilis, I. scapularis, and R. sanguineus, respectively. The LC50 value for R. sanquineus was not significantly different from D. variabilis or I. scapularis. Other LC50 comparisons were significantly different. The LC90 for A. americanum was higher when compared with the three other tick species, which were not significantly different. Because nootkatone is volatile, we measured the amount of nootkatone recovered from duplicate-treated vials before tick exposure and from vials after tick exposure. Nootkatone recovered from vials before exposure ranged from 82 to 112% of the expected amounts. The nootkatone recovered after the 24-h exposure period ranged from 89% from vials coated with higher concentrations of nootkatone, down to 29% from vials coated with low nootkatone concentrations. Determination of the nootkatone residue after vial coating demonstrated loss of the active compound while verifying the levels of tick exposure. Toxicity of low concentrations of nootkatone to the active questing stage of ticks reported in this study provides a reference point for future formulation research to exploit nootkatone as a safe and environment-friendly tick control.
Modelling the carbohydrate recognition domain of human E‐selectin (1993)

The three-dimensional structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain of the human E-selectin endothelial-leucocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM-1) was modelled on the basis of the recently determined X-ray crystallographic structure of the homologous domain found in the rat mannose-binding protein. The EGF-like module, which is contiguous to the E-selectin lectin domain, and which is also involved in binding the tetrasaccharide ligand, was modelled on the recently determined NMR structure of the EGF-like module of human factor IX. The rule-based homology modelling procedures developed at Birkbeck and encoded in the program COMPOSER were used. The model of the two domains combined is discussed in terms of cation and ligand binding.
A novel method of accurately calculating the radiological magnification of the hip (2009)

We have developed a novel method of calculating the radiological magnification of the hip using two separate radio-opaque markers. We recruited 74 patients undergoing radiological assessment following total hip replacement. Both the new double marker and a conventional single marker were used by the radiographer at the time of x-ray. The predicted magnification according to each marker was calculated, as was the true radiological magnification of the components. The correlation between true and predicted magnification was good using the double marker (r = 0.90, n = 74, p < 0.001), but only moderate for the single marker (r = 0.50, n = 63, p < 0.001). The median error was significantly less for the double marker than for the single (1.1% vs 4.8%, p < 0.001). The double marker method demonstrated excellent validity (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.89), in contrast to the single marker (0.32). The double marker method appears to be superior to the single marker method when used in the clinical environment.
IEEE 1451: A standard in support of smart transducer networking (2002)

The IEEE 1451 smart transducer interface standards provide the common interface and enabling technology for the connectivity of transducers to microprocessors, control and field networks, and data acquisition and instrumentation systems. The standardized TEDS specified by IEEE 1451.2 allows the self-description of sensors and the interfaces provide a standardized mechanism to facilitate the "Plug and play " of sensors to networks. The network-independent smart transducer object model defined by IEEE 1451.1 allows sensor manufacturers to support multiple networks and protocols. Thus, transducer-to-network interoperability is on the horizon. The inclusion of P1451.3 and P1451.4 to the family of 1451 standards will meet the needs of the analog transducer users for high-speed applications. In the long run, transducer vendors and users, system integrators, and network providers can all benefit from the IEEE 1451 interface standards.
<title>Optical Signal Processing At The University Of Arizona</title> (1977)

A brief summary of activities in optical signal processing at the University of Arizona is presented.© (1977) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Proposal of Analysis Method using Conceptual Data Modeling and Theory of Constraints (2012)

A business modeling tool called Conceptual Data Modeling (CDM) was proposed by the MASP Association in Japan. This tool creates a diagram called the &ldquo;Organization Model.&rdquo; This diagram shows information flow between organizations, and derives ideal state. However, the diagram doesn't have business details, quantitative data and qualitative data. Therefore, it is difficult for a person without business knowledge to derive ideal state. This paper proposes a new analysis method using CDM and Theory of Constraints (TOC). In particular, &ldquo;Assumptions&rdquo; obtained by the Conflict Resolution Diagram (CRD) of TOC are mapped to the Organization Model. By the proposed method, we can derive many candidates in greater depth for business process engineering, compared with the conventional CDM.
The inhibitory glycine receptor: A ligand‐gated chloride channel of the central nervous system (1990)

The postsynaptic glycine receptor (GlyR) is a major inhibitory chloride channel protein in the central nervous system. The affinity-purified receptor contains polypeptides of 48 kDa, 58 kDa, and 93 kDa. The 48-kDa (alpha) and 58 kDa (beta) subunits span the postsynaptic membrane in a pentameric arrangement to form the anion channel of the receptor. The 93-kDa polypeptide is cytoplasmically localized and may have an anchoring function. Molecular cloning revealed that different structural characteristics are shared by the membrane-spanning subunits of the GlyR and those of other ligand-gated ion channel proteins. Developmental regulation of the GlyR is characterized by alterations in antagonist binding, heterogeneity of alpha subunits, and increased levels of the 93-kDa polypeptide. Glycine receptor function can be reconstituted by expression of cloned alpha subunits in heterologous cell systems. Positive charges found at the presumed mouths of the GlyR channel appear to be important determinants of ion selectivity. These data establish the anion-conducting GlyR as a homolog of other ligand-gated ion channel proteins and suggest that the diversity of these channels originates from divergent evolution of a primordial channel protein early in phylogeny.
Atom transfer polymerisation with glucose and cholesterol derived initiators (1999)

D. M. Haddleton, R. Edmonds, A. M. Heming, E. J. Kelly and D. Kukulj, New J. Chem., 1999, 23, 477 DOI: 10.1039/A901929D
Primary neoplastic transformation in vivo of xenogeneic skin grafts on nude mice. (1979)

Rabbit skin was infected with Shope papilloma virus and grafted orthotopically to nude mice. Typical Shope rabbit papillomas developed in most of the grafts, but similarly treated nude mouse skin grafts were not altered. These results demonstrated that xenogeneic tissues retained susceptibility to oncogenic agents after transplantation to nude mice. The results also implied that it should be feasible to study carcinogenesis of human tissues in this system.
Randomized binary search trees (1998)

In this paper, we present randomized algorithms over binary search trees such that: (a) the insertion of a set of keys, in any fixed order, into an initially empty tree always produces a random binary search tree; (b) the deletion of any key from a random binary search tree results in a random binary search tree; (c) the random choices made by the algorithms are based upon the sizes of the subtrees of the tree; this implies that we can support accesses by rank without additional storage requirements or modification of the data structures; and (d) the cost of any elementary operation, measured as the number of visited nodes, is the same as the expected cost of its standard deterministic counterpart; hence, all search and update operations have guaranteed expected cost O(log n ), but now irrespective of any assumption on the input distribution.
The effects of restricting concentrate intake on january born lambs at grass (1995)

In an early lamb production system feed costs and age at slaughter are big factors in determining profit. Farmers are being forced to become more efficient producers as costs of production continue to rise and farm product prices fail to keep pace with inflation. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the performance of lambs fed concentrates ad-libitum to those fed to a maximum restricted level of 0Â·5 kg/hd/day.
Darstellung und Strukturen von (Et<sub>4</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>[Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>(NCS)<sub>3</sub>] und (Et<sub>4</sub>N)[Re(CO)<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>4</sub>] (1996)

Abstract Ausgehend von (Et 4 N) 2 [Re(CO) 3 Br 3 ] lassen sich durch einfache Ligandenaustauschreaktionen weitere Rhenium(I)‐ und Rhenium(III)‐Carbonylkomplexe herstellen. In Abwesenheit starker Oxidationsmittel bleibt die faciale Re 1 (CO) 3 ‐Einheit bei gleichzeitigem Austausch der Bromoliganden erhalten. Mit Trimethylsilylisothiocyanat kann so (Et 4 N) 2 [Re(CO) 3 (NCS) 3 ] in guten Ausbeuten und hoher Reinheit hergestellt werden. Die Verbindung kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe P2 1 /n, a = 18,442(5), b = 17,724(3), c = 18,668(5) Å, β = 92,54(1)°, Z = 8. Die NCS − ‐Liganden sind jeweils über ihr Stickstoffatom an das Metall gebunden. Die Umsetzung von [Re(CO) 3 Br 3 ] 2− mit Br 2 führt zum Rhenium(III)‐Anion [Re(CO) 2 Br 4 ] − . Das Tetraethylammoniumsalz dieses Komplexes kristallisiert orthorhombisch in der nichtzentrosymmetrischen Raumgruppe Cmc2 1 , a = 8,311(1), b = 25,480(6), c = 8,624(1) Å, Z = 4. Die Carbonylliganden befinden sich in cis ‐Stellung zueinander. Ihr starker trans ‐Einfluß bewirkt eine Aufweitung der ReBr‐Bindungslänge um mindestens 0,05 Å.