gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning to Adapt: Meta-Learning for Model-Based Control (2018)

Although reinforcement learning methods can achieve impressive results in simulation, the real world presents two major challenges: generating samples is exceedingly expensive, and unexpected perturbations can cause proficient but narrowly-learned policies to fail at test time. In this work, we propose to learn how to quickly and effectively adapt online to new situations as well as to perturbations. To enable sample-efficient meta-learning, we consider learning online adaptation in the context of model-based reinforcement learning. Our approach trains a global model such that, when combined with recent data, the model can be be rapidly adapted to the local context. Our experiments demonstrate that our approach can enable simulated agents to adapt their behavior online to novel terrains, to a crippled leg, and in highly-dynamic environments.
Practical approaches to plant volatile analysis (2006)

Plants emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that play important roles in their interaction with the environment and have a major impact on atmospheric chemistry. The development of static and dynamic techniques for headspace collection of volatiles in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis has significantly improved our understanding of the biosynthesis and ecology of plant VOCs. Advances in automated analysis of VOCs have allowed the monitoring of fast changes in VOC emissions and facilitated in vivo studies of VOC biosynthesis. This review presents an overview of methods for the analysis of plant VOCs, including their advantages and disadvantages, with a focus on the latest technical developments. It provides guidance on how to select appropriate instrumentation and protocols for biochemical, physiological and ecologically relevant applications. These include headspace analyses of plant VOCs emitted by the whole organism, organs or enzymes as well as advanced on-line analysis methods for simultaneous measurements of VOC emissions with other physiological parameters.
ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS. DATABOOK TO GUIDE MATERIALS SELECTION FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS. (1966)

Abstract : This Databook of engineering properties of ceramics supersedes the Materials Selection Handbook, issued in October, 1963, as RTD-TDR-63-4102 and its two supplements dated May 1964, and April 1965. The materials covered are principally refractory inorganic compounds in the form of monophase crystalline ceramics. Exceptions are the coverage of selected refractory composite materials and intermetallic compounds, as well as metalloid elements of boron, silicon, and germanium. Excluded are glasses, carbons, graphites, and compounds melting below about 2000 F (1200 C). Properties given are those pertinent to structural engineering. The data are in a format designed to permit comparison and selection of materials as well as to provide details on each specific material. Discussions of factors affecting property values and structural application of brittle materials also are included.
The Effect of Flowagents on the Rheology of a Plastic Powder (1995)

Abstract Flow agents are widely used in industry, such as the plastics and pharmaceutical industry, to promote the flow of cohesive powders. Few studies of the quantitative effects of the flow agents on the flow of the powder have been reported. In this communication the effect of silica flow agents on the flow of a plastic powder is studied by means of avalanching behaviour. The avalanching behaviour of the powder as modified by the silica flow agents is summarized using descriptive parameters based on the calculation of fractal dimensions in data space and phase‐space strange attractors. The structure of the strange attractors are shown to be statistically self‐similar and‐effective descriptors of the change of rheology caused by the presence of the flow agents.
Structures of oogoniol-1, -2, and -3, steroidal sex hormones of the water mold, achlya (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures of oogoniol-1, -2, and -3, steroidal sex hormones of the water mold, achlyaTrevor C. McMorris, Ramakrishnan Seshadri, Gary R. Weihe, G. P. Arsenault, and Alma W. BarksdaleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 9, 2544–2545Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00842a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00842a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Energy Distribution Curves of Ultrafast Laser-Induced Field Emission and Their Implications for Electron Dynamics (2011)

Energy distribution curves of laser-induced electron pulses from a tungsten tip have been measured as a function of tip voltage and laser power. Electron emission via tunneling through and/or excitation over the surface barrier from photoexcited nonequilibrium electron distributions are clearly observed. The spectral shapes largely vary with the emission processes and are strongly affected by electron dynamics. Simulations successfully reproduce the spectra, thus allowing direct insight into the involved electron dynamics and revealing the temporal tunability of electron emission via the two experimental parameters. These results should be useful to optimize the pulse characteristics for many applications based on ultrafast laser-induced electron emission.
Self adaptive neuro-fuzzy control of neural prostheses using reinforcement learning (2002)

Preliminary results are presented of a new functional electrical stimulation (FES) control methodology based on an adaptive fuzzy network using supervised and reinforcement machine learning techniques. The FES application example used to test these controllers used a computer model of swing phase assisted by a powered hybrid FES orthosis. The supervised learning controller was trained to a predetermined control strategy, and converged in approximately 15 trials. Using very simple reinforcement signals sent at the end of every swing phase, the reinforcement learning controller was able to develop a unique control strategy in approximately 150 trials. The reinforcement learning controller had the additional ability to continually re-adapt to changes in the system parameters which caused the other controller to fail.
Differential display and cloning of messenger RNA from human normal nasal epithelial cells versus nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. (1996)

Carcinogenesis is a multi-process event that has been characterized both by activation of cellular oncogenes and by loss of function of tumor suppressor genes. However, no systemic study has been performed to understand the involvement of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in the oncogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Differential display was performed to identify genes specifically expressed in normal nasal epithelial cells or NPC cell line HONE-1. Using Ltk3 and T11CA as primers, a 379-bp cDNA fragment (CN3) obtained from normal nasal epithelial cells was able to show specificity by northern blot analysis. A 3.5-kb mRNA was detected in normal nasal epithelial cells but not in NPC cell line HONE-1 by using 32P-end-labeled CN3 fragment as a probe. Sequence analysis of the 379 bp cDNA fragment indicated unique sequences from nts 1 to 230. Nts 231 to 379 are Alu-like sequences. Northern blot analysis using 32p-labeled PCR product amplified from nts 36 to 222 of CN3 cDNA fragment was also able to detect the 3.5-kb mRNA in normal nasal epithelial cells but not in HONE-1 and two other NPC cell lines NPC-TWO1, NPC-TWO4.
Chromosomal deletions around the albino locus in the mouse cause loss of hormone-inducible expression of the unlinked structural gene encoding cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase. (1995)

A group of genes in the mouse encoding liver-specific gluconeogenic enzymes and mapping on different chromosomes lose their normal competence for hormone-inducible expression in animals homozygous for chromosomal deletions around the albino locus on chromosome 7. The basal expression of these same genes remains normal. In previous investigations, glucocorticoid hormones as well as their receptors were found to be normal in the deletion homozygotes. The results reported here identify an additional unlinked structural gene whose regulation appears to be affected by the deletions--i.e., that encoding cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase, a housekeeping gene that participates in gluconeogenesis in the liver. In normal mice, its mRNA level increases sharply at birth, specifically in the liver, and can be increased even further by dexamethasone and cAMP treatment. These increases fail to occur in mice homozygous for the specific deletions in chromosome 7. Interestingly, prenatally at 18-19 days of gestation, the gene is expressed at the same basal level in liver and brain of both normal and mutant mice. These observations strengthen the evidence implicating the deleted gene(s) as an essential factor(s) in the normal mechanisms of hormone-inducible expression of particular unlinked structural genes.
Environmentally persistent alkylphenolic compounds are estrogenic (1994)

We show that a number of alkylphenolic compounds, used in a variety of commercial products and found in river water, are estrogenic in fish, birds, and mammals. 4-Octylphenol (OP), 4-nonylphenol, 4-nonylphenoxycarboxylic acid, and 4-nonylphenoldiethoxylate were each capable of stimulating vitellogenin gene expression in trout hepatocytes, gene transcription in transfected cells, and the growth of breast cancer cell lines. The most potent of the chemicals is OP, which was able to stimulate these biological responses to a similar extent as 17 beta-estradiol itself, albeit at a 1000-fold greater concentration. The action of alkylphenols is mediated by the estrogen receptor, as their effects depended on its presence and was blocked by estrogen antagonists. OP, 4-nonylphenol, and 4-nonylphenoxycarboxylic acid appear to possess intrinsic estrogenic activity, because they compete for binding to the estrogen receptor. Moreover, it is likely that they interact with a similar region of the hormone-binding domain as 17 beta-estradiol, because the mutant receptor G-525R, which is defective in estrogen binding, is also insensitive to OP. Like 17 beta-estradiol, OP is capable of stimulating the activity of both transcriptional activation functions, TAF-1 and TAF-2, in the receptor, as judged by analyzing the activity of the wild-type and mutant receptors in transiently transfected cells. The significance of our results will depend to a large extent on the degree of exposure of wildlife and humans to these estrogenic alkylphenolic compounds.
Temperature dependence of ultrasonic velocity using diffuse fields; implications for measurement of stress (2001)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Richard Weaver, Oleg Lobkis; Temperature dependence of ultrasonic velocity using diffuse fields; implications for measurement of stress. AIP Conf. Proc. 30 April 2001; 557 (1): 1480–1486. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1373928 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Fine-mapping milk production quantitative trait loci on BTA6: Analysis of the bovine osteopontin gene (2005)

Bovine chromosome six (BTA6) harbors up to six quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing the milk production of dairy cattle. In stark contrast to human, there is long-range linkage disequilibrium in dairy cattle, which has previously made it difficult to identify the mutations underlying these QTL. Using 38 microsatellite markers in a pedigree of 3,147 Holstein bulls, we fine mapped regions of BTA6 that had previously been shown to harbor QTL. Next, we sequenced a 12.3-kb region harboring Osteopontin, a positional candidate for the statistically most significant of the identified QTL. Nine mutations were identified, and only genotypes for the OPN3907 indel were concordant with the QTL genotypes of eight bulls that were established by segregation analysis. Four of these mutations were genotyped, and a joint linkage/linkage disequilibrium mapping analysis was used to demonstrate the existence of only two functionally distinct clusters of haplotypes within the QTL region, which were uniquely defined by OPN3907 alleles. We estimate a probability of 0.40 that no other mutation within this region is concordant with the QTL genotypes of these eight bulls. Finally, we demonstrate that the motif harboring OPN3907, which is upstream of the promoter and within a region known to harbor tissue-specific osteopontin regulatory elements, is moderately conserved among mammals. The motif was not retrieved from database queries and may be a novel regulatory element.
Taxol: a promising new drug of the '90s. (1994)

Taxol (paclitaxel, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ), a drug extracted from the stem bark of the western yew, shows great promise as an antineoplastic agent for ovarian, breast, nonsmall cell lung, and head and neck cancers; melanoma; and leukemia. Although Taxol first was isolated in 1971, completion of many phase I studies was delayed until 1988, primarily because the drug caused severe hypersensitivity reactions. Other side effects of Taxol include cardiotoxicity, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, myelosuppression, tingling and numbness of the hands and feet, myalgia and arthralgia, alopecia, fatigue, headache, irritation at the injection site, and taste changes. Nursing care includes measures for preventing or minimizing side effects, close assessment and monitoring of potential side effects, patient education, and support. Because of the environmental impact of harvesting the western yew for Taxol, semisynthetic preparations such as taxotere are being explored.
Stabilization of a vehicle traversing a short low-friction road segment (2017)

In normal vehicle operation, drivers occasionally encounter low friction patches without advance warning. The sudden transitions to and from the low friction surface may destabilize the vehicle, even when the operating point on the higher friction surface is away from the handling limits. Because of these fast dynamics, an active assistance system could significantly enhance safety. This paper describes the dynamics of transition between friction surfaces and demonstrates the utility of an envelope controller that uses real-time friction estimates and a state-bounding approach. Experimental data and the controller state bounds are used to provide insight into the trade-off between estimator accuracy and response time when used for real-time control.
Apolipoprotein(a), through Its Strong Lysine-binding Site in KIV10, Mediates Increased Endothelial Cell Contraction and Permeability via a Rho/Rho Kinase/MYPT1-dependent Pathway (2008)

Substantial evidence indicates that endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in atherogenesis. We previously demonstrated that apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a); the distinguishing protein component of the atherothrombotic risk factor lipoprotein(a)) elicits rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, characterized by increased myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation via a Rho/Rho kinase-dependent signaling pathway. Apo(a) contains kringle (K)IV and KV domains similar to those in plasminogen: apo(a) contains 10 types of plasminogen KIV-like sequences, followed by sequences homologous to the plasminogen KV and protease domains. Several of the apo(a) kringles contain lysine-binding sites (LBS) that have been proposed to contribute to the pathogenicity of Lp(a). Here we demonstrate that apo(a)-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction is mediated via a Rho/Rho kinase-dependent signaling pathway that results in increased MYPT1 phosphorylation and hence decreased MLC phosphatase activity, thus leading to an increase in MLC phosphorylation, stress fiber formation, cell contraction, and permeability. In addition, studies using recombinant apo(a) variants indicated that these effects of apo(a) are dependent on sequences within the C-terminal half of the apo(a) molecule, specifically, the strong LBS in KIV(10). In parallel experiments, the apo(a)-induced effects were completely abolished by treatment of the cells with the lysine analogue epsilon-aminocaproic acid and the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632. Taken together, our findings indicate that the strong LBS in apo(a) KIV(10) mediates all of our observed effects of apo(a) on human umbilical vein endothelial cell barrier dysfunction. Studies are ongoing to further dissect the molecular basis of these findings.
Feline infectious peritonitis with spinal cord involvement in two cats. (1975)

Two cats from the same household had posterior paresis and hypergammaglobulinemia. Histologic evaluation of the spinal cords revealed a pyogranulomatous reaction consistent with that reported for feline infectious peritonitis.
A Large‐Scale Synthesis and Characterization of Quaternary CuIn<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>S<sub>2</sub> Chalcopyrite Nanoparticles via Microwave Batch Reactions (2011)

Various quaternary CuIn x Ga 1− x S 2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) chalcopyrite nanoparticles have been prepared from molecular single‐source precursors via microwave decomposition. We were able to control the nanoparticle size, phase, stoichiometry, and solubility. Depending on the choice of surface modifiers used, we were able to tune the solubility of the resulting nanoparticles. This method has been used to generate up to 5 g of nanoparticles and up to 150 g from multiple batch reactions with excellent reproducibility. Data from UV‐Vis, photoluminescence, X‐ray diffraction, TEM, DSC/TGA‐MS, and ICP‐OES analyses have shown high reproducibility in nanoparticle size, composition, and bandgap.
DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'Omics' research on drugs (2010)

DrugBank (http://www.drugbank.ca) is a richly annotated database of drug and drug target information. It contains extensive data on the nomenclature, ontology, chemistry, structure, function, action, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, metabolism and pharmaceutical properties of both small molecule and large molecule (biotech) drugs. It also contains comprehensive information on the target diseases, proteins, genes and organisms on which these drugs act. First released in 2006, DrugBank has become widely used by pharmacists, medicinal chemists, pharmaceutical researchers, clinicians, educators and the general public. Since its last update in 2008, DrugBank has been greatly expanded through the addition of new drugs, new targets and the inclusion of more than 40 new data fields per drug entry (a 40% increase in data 'depth'). These data field additions include illustrated drug-action pathways, drug transporter data, drug metabolite data, pharmacogenomic data, adverse drug response data, ADMET data, pharmacokinetic data, computed property data and chemical classification data. DrugBank 3.0 also offers expanded database links, improved search tools for drug-drug and food-drug interaction, new resources for querying and viewing drug pathways and hundreds of new drug entries with detailed patent, pricing and manufacturer data. These additions have been complemented by enhancements to the quality and quantity of existing data, particularly with regard to drug target, drug description and drug action data. DrugBank 3.0 represents the result of 2 years of manual annotation work aimed at making the database much more useful for a wide range of 'omics' (i.e. pharmacogenomic, pharmacoproteomic, pharmacometabolomic and even pharmacoeconomic) applications.
Microstrip mode suppression ring resonator (1994)

A novel ring resonator topology was developed which exhibits mode suppression characteristics. The resonator achieves the mode suppression by incorporation of a stepped impedance lowpass filter directly into the ring resonator. Experimental results show that complete suppression of a ring resonator's second mode can be achieved with no increase in circuit size. The topology effectively increases the rejection bandwidth of the ring resonator.
Feline leukaemia virus and its clinical effects in cats (1975)

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection is common among cats where contact is high. The virus can be transmitted readily between cats. It causes a variety of haemopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms; the most common types are alimentary, multicentric and thymic lymphosarcoma and lymphatic leukaemia. The virus is involved in the aetiology of certain other diseases including anaemia, glomerulonephritis and an immunosuppressive syndrome which predisposes cats to intercurrent infections. Many infected cats mount an immune response and do not suffer from any of these. The immune status is shown by serum antibody levels to feline leukaemia virus associated cell membrane antigens. Cats with a titre of 32 or more are most unlikely to suffer any ill effects and may eliminate the virus infection. The outcome of infection in an individual cat depends on the immunological competence of the cat, the dose of virus received and its ability to induce immunosuppression. FeLV infection can be detected by examination of tissues by electron microscopy, and by culture of virus from plasma and other tissues. In the United States, a method is now in use for the detection of leukaemia virus antigen in peripheral blood leukocytes; this is carried out on ordinary blood films. Successful prototype vaccines have been developed against FeLV. This paper describes the natural history of the virus, the diseases in which it is implicated and discusses recently developed diagnostic methods.
Competitive Price and Quality Under Asymmetric Information (1987)

We present an analysis of equilibrium in markets with asymmetrically informed consumers. Some consumers know both price and quality of all sellers, whereas others know neither but may search among sellers. The equilibrium correlation between price and quality generally increases with the level of information in the market and can be negative when this level is sufficiently small. A meta-analysis of the available empirical studies strongly supports the model's predictions.