gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependence of Raman spectra<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>G</mml:mi><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>band intensity on metallicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes (2007)

We report the peculiar behavior of the ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ band Raman intensity, which is dependent on the metallicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). In the metallic SWCNTs, the ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ band intensity was enhanced relative to the $G$ band intensity, while the ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ band intensity was suppressed in the semiconducting SWCNTs. Resonance Raman spectroscopy (using laser energies of ${E}_{\mathit{\text{laser}}}=2.41$, 1.96, 1.58, and $1.165\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$) showed these features on the metal-enriched and semiconducting-enriched SWCNT samples that had been selectively separated by the nitronium ions. The metallicity dependence was explained theoretically by calculating the resonance Raman intensity within the extended tight-binding calculations. The calculated results confirm that the ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ band intensity of the metallic SWCNTs is stronger than that for the semiconducting SWCNTs because the electron-phonon matrix elements for the TO phonon at the $K$ point is larger for metallic SWCNTs and the resonance window for ${E}_{33}^{S}$ is larger than that for ${E}_{11}^{M}$.
Genipin--a novel fingerprint reagent with colorimetric and fluorogenic activity. (2004)

Genipin, the hydrolytic product of geniposide, which is extracted from gardenia fruit, shows good potential as a fingerprint reagent. It develops latent fingerprints on paper as blue impressions with good contrast and resolution. Even very faint impressions that are barely visible in ambient light will fluoresce brightly upon illumination at ca. 590 nm and are best viewed with a barrier filter above 630 nm. Potential advantages of genipin are the combination of colorimetric and fluorogenic activity in one reagent as well as its being a safe and environmentally friendly natural product.
Homeostatic Competition between Phasic and Tonic Inhibition (2013)

The GABAA receptors are the major inhibitory receptors in the brain and are localized at both synaptic and extrasynaptic membranes. Synaptic GABAA receptors mediate phasic inhibition, whereas extrasynaptic GABAA receptors mediate tonic inhibition. Both phasic and tonic inhibitions regulate neuronal activity, but whether they regulate each other is not very clear. Here, we investigated the functional interaction between synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors through various molecular manipulations. Overexpression of extrasynaptic α6β3δ-GABAA receptors in mouse hippocampal pyramidal neurons significantly increased tonic currents. Surprisingly, the increase of tonic inhibition was accompanied by a dramatic reduction of the phasic inhibition, suggesting a possible homeostatic regulation of the total inhibition. Overexpressing the α6 subunit alone induced an up-regulation of δ subunit expression and suppressed phasic inhibition similar to overexpressing the α6β3δ subunits. Interestingly, blocking all GABAA receptors after overexpressing α6β3δ receptors could not restore the synaptic GABAergic transmission, suggesting that receptor activation is not required for the homeostatic interplay. Furthermore, insertion of a gephyrin-binding-site (GBS) into the α6 and δ subunits recruited α6(GBS)β3δ(GBS) receptors to postsynaptic sites but failed to rescue synaptic GABAergic transmission. Thus, it is not the positional effect of extrasynaptic α6β3δ receptors that causes the down-regulation of phasic inhibition. Overexpressing α5β3γ2 subunits similarly reduced synaptic GABAergic transmission. We propose a working model that both synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors may compete for limited receptor slots on the plasma membrane to maintain a homeostatic range of the total inhibition.
Carbon based materials for electronic bio-sensing (2011)

Bio-sensing represents one of the most attractive applications of carbon material based electronic devices; nevertheless, the complete integration of bioactive transducing elements still represents a major challenge, particularly in terms of preserving biological function and specificity while maintaining the sensor's electronic performance. This review highlights recent advances in the realization of field-effect transistor (FET) based sensors that comprise a bio-receptor within the FET channel. A birds-eye view will be provided of the most promising classes of active layers as well as different device architectures and methods of fabrication. Finally, strategies for interfacing bio-components with organic or carbon nano-structured electronic active layers are reported.
Thrombin Is a Potent Inducer of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Production via Proteolytic Activation of Protease-activated Receptor-1 (2000)

The coagulation protease thrombin plays a critical role in hemostasis and exerts pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects via proteolytic activation of the major thrombin receptor, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1). Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a novel fibroblast mitogen and also promotes extracellular matrix protein production. It is selectively induced by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and is thought to be the autocrine agent responsible for mediating its pro-fibrotic effects. CTGF is up-regulated during tissue repair and in fibrotic conditions associated with activation of the coagulation cascade. We therefore hypothesized that coagulation proteases promote the production of CTGF by cells at sites of tissue injury. To begin to address this hypothesis, we assessed the effect of coagulation proteases on fibroblast CTGF expression in vitro, and we show that thrombin, at physiological concentrations, up-regulated CTGF mRNA levels 5-fold relative to base line (p < 0.01) in fetal fibroblasts and 7-fold in primary adult fibroblasts (p < 0.01). These effects were cycloheximide-insensitive and were not blocked with a pan-specific TGF-beta-neutralizing antibody. They were further paralleled by a concomitant increase in CTGF protein production and could be mimicked with selective PAR-1 agonists. In addition, fibroblasts derived from PAR-1 knockout mice were unresponsive to thrombin but responded normally to TGF-beta(1). Finally, factor Xa, which is responsible for activating prothrombin during blood coagulation, exerted similar stimulatory effects. We propose that coagulation proteases and PAR-1 may play a role in promoting connective tissue formation during normal tissue repair and the development of fibrosis by up-regulating fibroblast CTGF expression.
Study to find the best extraction solvent for use with guava leaves (<i>Psidium guajava</i>L.) for high antioxidant efficacy (2014)

The effects of guava leaves extracted using solvents of water, ethanol, methanol, and different concentrations of hydroethanolic solvents on phenolic compounds and flavonoids, and antioxidant properties have been investigated. The antioxidant capability was assessed based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical-scavenging abilities, reducing power, and nitric oxide-and nitrate-scavenging activities. The results demonstrated that the antioxidant ability of guava leaf extracts has a strong relationship with phenolic compound content rather than flavonoid content. Phenolic compound content of water extracted guava leaves was higher compared to pure ethanol and methanol extracts. However, phenolic compound content extracted using hydroethanolic solvent was higher than water, whereas 50% hydroethanolic was observed to be the most effective solvent showing high antioxidant ability.
SAXS Analysis of the Order−Disorder Transition and the Interaction Parameter of Polystyrene-<i>block</i>-poly(methyl methacrylate) (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSAXS Analysis of the Order−Disorder Transition and the Interaction Parameter of Polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate)Yue Zhao†‡, Easan Sivaniah§, and Takeji Hashimoto*†‡View Author Information Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; and Biological and Soft Sciences Sector, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England* To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Present address in ASRC and JAEA.†ASRC and JAEA.‡Kyoto University.§Cambridge University.Cite this: Macromolecules 2008, 41, 24, 9948–9951Publication Date (Web):November 24, 2008Publication History Received10 June 2008Revised28 August 2008Published online24 November 2008Published inissue 23 December 2008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma8013004Copyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3598Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (113 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Organic compounds,Scattering,Temperature dependence,X-ray scattering Get e-Alerts
Drug–Drug Interaction Between Clopidogrel and the Proton Pump Inhibitors (2009)

Available data suggest that omeprazole is the PPI most likely to have a significant interaction with clopidogrel. Further studies are needed to determine that an interaction between the other PPIs and clopidogrel does not exist. In situations in which both clopidogrel and a PPI are indicated, pantoprazole should be used since it is the PPI least likely to interact with clopidogrel.
Space station environmental control and life support systems conceptual studies (1985)

It is pointed out that the establishment of a permanent manned Space Station requires the development of a comprehensive approach which combines new technologies and existing spacecraft subsystem capabilities into an optimum design. The present paper is concerned with studies which were conducted in connection with the development of the regenerative Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) for the Space Station. Attention is given to the current state of the ECLSS subsystems and system level analytical selection and group studies related to the integrated system conceptual design.
Evolutionary dynamics of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> over short and long time scales (2010)

Clostridium difficile has rapidly emerged as the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrheal disease, with the transcontinental spread of various PCR ribotypes, including 001, 017, 027 and 078. However, the genetic basis for the emergence of C. difficile as a human pathogen is unclear. Whole genome sequencing was used to analyze genetic variation and virulence of a diverse collection of thirty C. difficile isolates, to determine both macro and microevolution of the species. Horizontal gene transfer and large-scale recombination of core genes has shaped the C. difficile genome over both short and long time scales. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates C. difficile is a genetically diverse species, which has evolved within the last 1.1-85 million years. By contrast, the disease-causing isolates have arisen from multiple lineages, suggesting that virulence evolved independently in the highly epidemic lineages.
Interpretation of Infrared Spectra, A Practical Approach (2000)

Abstract The vibrational spectrum of a molecule is considered to be a unique physical property and is characteristic of the molecule. As such, the infrared spectrum can be used as a fingerprint for identification by the comparison of the spectrum from an “unknown” with previously recorded reference spectra. This is the basis of computer‐based spectral searching. In the absence of a suitable reference database, it is possible to effect a basic interpretation of the spectrum from first principles, leading to characterization, and possibly even identification of an unknown sample. This first principles approach is based on the fact that structural features of the molecule, whether they are the backbone of the molecule or the functional groups attached to the molecule, produce characteristic and reproducible absorptions in the spectrum. This information can indicate whether there is backbone to the structure and, if so, whether the backbone consists of linear or branched chains. Next it is possible to determine if there is unsaturation and/or aromatic rings in the structure. Finally, it is possible to deduce whether specific functional groups are present. If detected, one is also able to determine local orientation of the group and its local environment and/or location in the structure. The origins of the sample, its prehistory, and the manner in which the sample is handled all have impact on the final result. Basic rules of interpretation exist and, if followed, a simple, first‐pass interpretation leading to material characterization is possible. This article addresses these issues in a simple, logical fashion. Practical examples are included to help guide the reader through the basic concepts of infrared spectral interpretation.
The Effect of External Cardiac Pacing on Stroke Volume (1990)

To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of external cardiac pacing, ten subjects with normal left ventricular function were paced at rates approximating their resting heart rates using an external pacemaker while continuous-wave Doppler measurements from the aortic outflow were recorded. The Doppler flow velocity integral was used as an index of stroke volume and the product of heart rate and flow velocity integral was used as an index of cardiac output. At a pacing rate 13% faster (range -5% to 32%) than the rate during sinus rhythm, the mean index of stroke volume was reduced 24% from 17.7 cm to 13.5 cm (P less than 0.0002). However, the faster rate during external pacing partially compensated for the reduced stroke volume resulting in an index of cardiac output that was 14% lower compared to the prepaced index (1,297 vs 1,121 cm [P less than 0.02]). Thus, in subjects with normal LV function, external pacing results in a small drop in cardiac output that may be partially overcome by increasing the pacing rate.
Flavour and off-flavour in wild and farmed atlantic salmon from locations around northern ireland (1995)

Sensory profiling techniques were used to investigate the odour and flavour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from six sources in order to determine (i) whether there was any scientific basis for reports of off-flavours in salmon from certain sources and (ii) whether farmed and wild salmon differed in terms of flavour attributes. There were no consistent differences in odour or flavour between sea-caught wild salmon and farmed salmon. However, river-caught wild salmon showed enhanced ‘earthy’ flavour and odour; GC-odour assessment studies have indicated that 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin contribute to these attributes. For a short period, wild river salmon from one source also suffered from a manure-like off-flavour which has been shown to be due to the presence of skatole. The source of this compound remains uncertain.
A field method for measurement of infiltration (1963)

The determination of infiltration the downward entry of water into a soil (or sediment) is receiving increasing attention in hydrologic studies because of the need for more quantitative data on all phases of the hydrologic cycle. A measure of infiltration, the infiltration rate, is usually determined in the field by flooding basins or furrow's, sprinkling, or measuring water entry from cylinders (infiltrometer rings). Rates determined by ponding in larg? areas are considered most reliable, but the high cost usually dictates' that infiltrometer rings, preferably 2 feet in diameter or larger, be used.
Following the Money Trail: Government Advertising, the Missing Millions and the Unknown Effects (2007)

At present, the question 'how much does the Australian Commonwealth Government spend on advertising?,' is difficult to answer because a lack of disclosure, accountability and transparency mask government advertising expenditure. Estimates vary widely: millions go missing from reports or are allegedly hidden in other categories of expenditure. Ultimately, information on spending has to be prised out of the government in piecemeal fashion through processes such as Senate Estimates hearings and Senate inquiries. Aside from spending, the other area we know very little about is whether the ad campaigns are effective or what results (if any) they achieve. This article argues that these issues of transparency and accountability need to be addressed urgently and concludes with a proposal that Australia should adopt the Canadian system of reporting and disclosure.
Drug Treatment of Insomnia : Sedative-Hypnotics (1999)

A growing number of people are concerned about their sleep. There are many people with chronic sleep disorders. Sedativehypnotics including benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine have been widely used in chronic insomniacs. It is widely accepted that current hypnotics are efficient in alleviating subjective symptoms of insomnia. Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics include zolpidem, zopiclone, and melatonin. These novel non-benzodiazepine hypnotics that have efficacy comparable to benzodiazepines were developed with more understanding of benzodiazepine receptor pharmacology. Their unique pharmacologic profiles may offer few significant advantages in terms of adverse effects of benzodiazepines. However, most of hypnotics including non-benzodiazepine have some of dependence, tolerance, impaired daytime function and rebound insomnia. Currently, it is accepted that combination therapy with pharmacologic and behavioral intervention is the most effective for chronic insomniacs.
Normalized embryoid cDNA library of oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ) (2010)

A normalized embryoid cDNA library (EON) was constructed based on reassociation kinetics reaction. Results from dot blot hybridization and sequencing of EON cDNA clones clearly indicated that the normalization process reduced the frequency of high abundance transcripts and increased the frequency of low abundance gene transcripts. A total of 553 non-redundant expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified, 325 of these were not observed in the standard oil palm cDNA libraries sequenced previously. A total of 10 EON cDNA clones were chosen for expression profiling across samples from different stages of the tissue culture process. Two of the genes exhibited promising expression patterns for predicting the embryogenic potential in callus. Some of these genes were also differentially expressed in the various tissues of oil palm. This study showed that normalization of the existing embryoid library improved the chances of identifying transcripts not captured in the standard libraries, some of which could be associated with embryogenesis. This collection of ESTs is particularly well suited for use as candidate genes for development of an oil palm DNA chip, which can be used to obtain a more comprehensive view of the molecular mechanism associated with oil palm tissue culture.
International Conference on Magnetism, Nottingham, September 1964 (1965)

An account is given of the organization, proceedings and discussions at the Nottingham Conference.
A shared conceptual schema for four medical expert systems (2002)

The fundamental reason for database management systems is the support of applications using shared overlapping sets of data through external views of an underlying conceptual schema. The definition of such a schema for expert systems (ESs) is a topic of interest to database researchers both as a proof that ESs can be supported and as an exploration of the process of view integration. A shared conceptual schema has been constructed for four widely known medical ESs, and can be mapped to the knowledge base of each using seven operations: COMPOSE, FILTER, FOLD, UNFOLD, CONTRACT, RENAME, and CONSTRAIN. The schema and mappings show features the ESs share, such as rules and patterns, and features that distinguish them, such as a unique form of diagnosis. The schema's content shows a lack of structural, temporal, or strategic information and illustrates how the types and relationships of shell-like systems are hidden in instances and must be interpreted by program code.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent advances in nonbiofouling PDMS surface modification strategies applicable to microfluidic technology (2017)

In the last decade microfabrication processes including rapid prototyping techniques have advanced rapidly and achieved a fairly mature stage. These advances have encouraged and enabled the use of microfluidic devices by a wider range of users with applications in biological separations and cell and organoid cultures. Accordingly, a significant current challenge in the field is controlling biomolecular interactions at interfaces and the development of novel biomaterials to satisfy the unique needs of the biomedical applications. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is one of the most widely used materials in the fabrication of microfluidic devices. The popularity of this material is the result of its low cost, simple fabrication allowing rapid prototyping, high optical transparency, and gas permeability. However, a major drawback of PDMS is its hydrophobicity and fast hydrophobic recovery after surface hydrophilization. This results in significant nonspecific adsorption of proteins as well as small hydrophobic molecules such as therapeutic drugs limiting the utility of PDMS in biomedical microfluidic circuitry. Accordingly, here, we focus on recent advances in surface molecular treatments to prevent fouling of PDMS surfaces towards improving its utility and expanding its use cases in biomedical applications.
Involvement of an NAD(P)H oxidase as a <i>p</i>O2 sensor protein in the rat carotid body (1990)

The rat carotid body tissue reveals a photometrically measurable haem signal with absorbance maxima at 560 nm, 518 nm and 425 nm, suggesting the presence of a b-type cytochrome; this was confirmed by pyridine haemochrome and CO spectra. The quantity of cytochrome b was estimated to be 310 pmol.mg of protein-1. This haem is capable of H2O2 formation, which can be inhibited by 10 microM-diphenyliodonium (DPI). The hypoxia-induced increase in nervous chemoreceptor discharge and the reduction of FAD and NAD(P)+ were also inhibited by DPI (10 microM). These results suggest that an oxidase such as the NAD(P)H oxidase of neutrophils may act as a pO2 sensor protein in the rat carotid body, probably inducing the pO2 chemoreceptor process by H2O2 formation.