gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partitioning digital worlds (2001)

Software today does not help us partition our digital worlds effectively. We must organize them ourselves. This field study of users of multiple monitors examines how people with a lot of display space arrange information. Second monitors are generally used for secondary activities related to principal tasks, for peripheral awareness of information that is not the main focus, and for easy access to resources. A second monitor improves efficiency in ways that are difficult to measure yet can have substantial subjective benefit. The study concludes with illustrations of shortcomings of today's systems and applications: the way we work could be improved at relatively low cost.
EFMPlus: The Coding Format of the High-Density Compact Disc (2005)

We report on an alternative to Eight- to-Fourteen Modulation (EFM), called EFMPlus, that with regard to the physics and electronics of an optical recorder, has the same characteristics such as runlength parameters Tmin and T,,,, low- frequency content, and clock content. Computer simulations have shown that the low-frequency con- tent of EFMPlus is only slightly larger than its con- ventional EFM counterpart. The rate of EFMPlus is 8/16 which means that a 6-7 % higher informa- tion density can be obtained.
Fluorometric determination of tetrodotoxin by high performance liquid chromatography. (1985)

Tetrodotoxin and its derivatives coexisting in pufferfish were separated on a Develosil ODS-5column and detected by fluorescence following alkaline degradation. The toxinfluorescence relationship showed good linearity over a wide range. The lower limit of detection was 4.4ng (0.02mouse unit) and the coefficient of variation was less than 5%.
The Future of Mobile 3D Graphics (2010)

Key applications of mobile 3D graphics in the future will be games and mapping, just as these are already very popular in typical PCs and game consoles. In mapping applications such as car navigation devices, the transition from simple 2D bitmaps to complete 3D modeling is already occurring. These popular applications will be enhanced with the help of networking capabilities. Currently, some newly developed mobile 3D graphics make use of multiple cores of very powerful unified shaders in a single graphics system. We can look forward to seeing many mobile devices using OpenGLES 2.0 or more advanced graphics architectures. Research on the use of highly featured mobile handsets shows that they are increasingly used to support daily information management, such as e-mail Web browsing. Mobile 3D graphics will be developed for more user-centered applications, driven by the UI and Web browsing applications. Controlled Vocabulary Terms computer graphics; internetworking; user centred design
Morphology-Controllable Synthesis of Pyrene Nanostructures and Its Morphology Dependence of Optical Properties (2005)

Morphology-controllable synthesis of various pyrene nanostructures from nanoparticles to short nanorods and nanowires (long nanorods) was achieved by a simple self-assembly method. In this approach, aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles were used as templates to direct the self-assembly of the pyrene molecules into nanorods. It was found that changing the concentration ratio of the pyrene to SDS molecules could be employed to control the aspect ratio (length to diameter) of the pyrene nanostructures from 1 to 50 or higher. Moreover, the dimensional variation was accompanied by changes of their optical properties. With the increase of the aspect ratio, the characteristic fluorescence of the isolated pyrene molecules was suppressed and concurrently replaced by the excimer emission of the pyrene nanostructures. A blue-shift was observed in the excimer emission peaks as the length of the nanorods increased. The growth mechanism and the change in optical properties of these pyrene nanostructures were discussed in detail.
Studies with Live Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine (1961)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Control of measles through active immunization has been the object of numerous studies. Measles first was transmitted artificially to susceptible human beings by Home,<sup>1</sup>who exposed scarified skin of volunteers to blood from patients in the acute phase of this disease. In a similar attempt to produce active immunity, Hektoen<sup>2</sup>injected fresh infective blood subcutaneously into susceptible persons who subsequently developed measles. Failure to produce attenuated disease apparently discouraged further attempts to induce active immunity against measles. Adaptation of measles virus to growth in embryonated hen's egg and the subsequent use of this virus as an immunizing agent was reported by Rake and his associates between 1939 and 1943.<sup>3-8</sup>Virus passaged from 4 to 108 times via the chorioallantoic route did not induce in susceptible children a significant degree of protection from naturally occurring measles,<sup>9</sup>and interest in this problem again waned. In 1954, Enders
Acoustic-surface-wave amplitude and phase measurements using laser probes (1972)

The investigation of acoustic-field distributions on free surfaces is important in several different classes of application. Measurements of the phase of acoustic surface waves using optical probes allow direct measurement of their velocity. A number of different optical-probe types are compared on the basis of sensitivity and stability. The operation and design of an optical heterodyne probe, capable of high-precision phase and group-velocity measurement, is described.
A controlled comparison of the efficacy of hetastarch and pentastarch in granulocyte collections by centrifugal leukapheresis (1995)

Compared with hetastarch (HS), the low molecular weight analog pentastarch (PS) has been reported to be equally effective for granulocyte collection by centrifugal leukapheresis, to result in fewer adverse donor reactions (ADR), and to have a more rapid elimination profile. We prospectively compared the granulocyte collection efficiency (GCE), granulocyte yield, and ADR in 72 randomly paired granulocytapheresis procedures from 36 volunteer donors using the model CS-3000 Plus Blood Cell Separator (CS) and either PS or HS as the sedimenting agent. Paired collections from each donor allowed us to compare the two agents directly while controlling for intrinsic donor differences. In 33 of 36 (92%) donors, HS procedures were significantly more efficient than PS procedures (P < .001). As an average, HS collections yielded 2.3 +/- 0.67 x 10(10) granulocytes at 58% +/- 8.8% GCE, whereas PS procedures resulted in 1.4 +/- 0.76 x 10(10) granulocytes at 33% +/- 15% GCE. No starch-induced ADR were seen with either agent. For granulocyte harvests using the CS, (1) in most donors, using HS as the red blood cell sedimenting agent during centrifugal leukapheresis results in significantly higher (nearly twofold) GCE and larger granulocyte yields in comparison with using PS, (2) ADR were not observed with either agent, and (3) the potential benefit of more rapid PS elimination should be balanced against significantly lower granulocyte yields.
<title>Testing the inertial pseudo-star reference unit</title> (1994)

IPSRU (Inertial Pseudo Star Reference Unit) is an inertial line- of-sight pointing reference that has an ultralow jitter of less than 40 nrad rms from 0.4 to 312 Hz. IPSRU emits a collimated optical reference beam from a stabilized, sterrable two degree of freedom platform, and this reference beam is used to stabilize a payload's line-of-sight against vehicle vibrations. IPSRU's three critical performance parameters are isolation of host vehicle vibration from the reference beam, the intrinsic reference beam jitter due to self-generated platform noise, and open-loop inertial pointing accuracy of the reference beam. IPSRU, developed at Draper, is in final performance testing before delivery to Phillips Laboratory for the high-altitude balloon experiment (HABE). The challenges of measuring and validating IPSRU's performance, including a total beam jitter of less than 40 nrad, a base isolation transfer function that ranges from -93 dB at 1 Hz to -55 dB at 100 Hz, and an open-loop pointing accuracy of 21 ppm, are met with a specially designed pointing scoring facility that includes state of the art instrumentation and a quiet reference pier. Beam jitter and base motion isolation are measured with a Draper-enhanced quad-type detector with an rms noise of 6 nrad from 0.4 to 312 Hz and a field of view of 8 (mu) rad. Open-loop pointing maneuvers are measured with an enhanced-resolution laser interferometer (LI) (6.8 nrad per bit) with a 4 deg field of view. Additionally, IPSRU is scored in a thermal vacuum chamber that simulates the HABE environment or a satellite environment.
A touch based affective user interface for smartphone (2013)

Nowadays, people interact with smartphones constantly throughout their daily lives so that smartphones become the most ideal device for recognizing users' physiological and emotional states. In this paper, we present a novel approach for providing users with personalized interface by inferring human emotions based on the touch behavior of a smartphone. Recognizing human emotions is a challenging task and we propose to use touch related data to infer user's emotional states. We also propose a personalized user interface which applies the observed emotional variance to emotion-aware interaction between users and the devices.
Defining Autonomic Computing: A Software Engineering Perspective (2005)

As a rapidly growing field, autonomic computing is a promising new approach for developing large scale distributed systems. However, while the vision of achieving self-management in computing systems is well established, the field still lacks a commonly accepted definition of 'what' an autonomic computing system is. Without a common definition to dictate the direction of development, it is not possible to know whether a system or technology is a part of autonomic computing, or if in fact an autonomic computing system has already been built. The purpose of this paper is to establish a standardised and quantitative definition of autonomic computing through the application of the quality metrics framework described in IEEE Std 1061-1998. Through the application of this methodology, stakeholders were systematically analysed and evaluated to obtain a balanced and structured definition of autonomic computing. This definition allows for further development and implementation of quality metrics, which are project-specific, quantitative measurements that can be used to validate the success of future autonomic computing projects.
Performance characterization of an integrated ultrasound, photoacoustic, and thermoacoustic imaging system (2012)

We developed a novel trimodality system for human breast imaging by integrating photoacoustic (PA) and thermoacoustic (TA) imaging techniques into a modified commercial ultrasound scanner. Because light was delivered with an optical assembly placed within the microwave antenna, no mechanical switching between the microwave and laser sources was needed. Laser and microwave excitation pulses were interleaved to enable PA and TA data acquisition in parallel at a rate of 10 frames per second. A tube (7 mm inner diameter) filled with oxygenated bovine blood or 30 mM methylene blue dye was successfully detected in PA images in chicken breast tissue at depths of 6.6 and 8.4 cm, respectively, for the first time. The SNRs at these depths reached ∼24 and ∼15 dB, respectively, by averaging 200 signal acquisitions. Similarly, a tube (13 mm inner diameter) filled with saline solution (0.9%) at a depth of 4.4 cm in porcine fat tissue was successfully detected in TA images. The PA axial, lateral, and elevational resolutions were 640 μm, 720 μm, and 3.5 mm, respectively, suitable for breast cancer imaging. A PA noise-equivalent sensitivity to methylene blue solution of 260 nM was achieved in chicken tissue at a depth of 3.4 cm.
Generalized grating equation for virtually-imaged phased-array spectral dispersers (2003)

The virtually-imaged phased array (VIPA) is a side-entrance etalon with potential application as a high-resolution spectral disperser for wavelength division multiplexing. Here we present an approximate analytical spectral dispersion law for the VIPA, which we confirm experimentally.
Analysis of Completion and Stimulation Techniques in a South Texas Field Utilizing Comprehensive Reservoir Evaluation (2005)

Abstract This paper will evaluate the efficiencies of completion methods in a South Texas field utilizing the latest techniques in post fracture production analysis. Stimulation effectiveness for each frac stage in ten multi-zone wells is evaluated. Effective values for reservoir and fracture parameters including porosity, permeability, propped fracture half-length, fracture conductivity and fracture face skin will be derived using production analysis techniques and will be compared for the different completion methods employed. The holistic model will incorporate the geological, petro-physical properties of the formation and production logging data. Actual stimulation and production data from ten wells in the same area are used in this analysis. Five of the wells were completed in single-stage fracture stimulation across multiple perforated intervals. Five wells were completed with two-stage fracture stimulations across multiple perforated intervals. The multiple layer fracturing technique was utilized in all wells. The study will derive the effective reservoir and fracture parameters using production allocation for each interval in the multiple interval wells. This paper will compare the different completion techniques using this methodology and will discuss a predictive model for future stimulation work in this area. This methodology will also help in identifying under-stimulated zones in existing wells that may be candidates for re-fracturing.
Forward-decoding kernel-based phone sequence recognition (2002)

Forward decoding kernel machines (FDKM) combine large-margin classifiers with hidden Markov models (HMM) for maximum a posteriori (MAP) adaptive sequence estimation. State transitions in the sequence are conditioned on observed data using a kernel-based probability model trained with a recursive scheme that deals effectively with noisy and partially labeled data. Training over very large datasets is accomplished using a sparse probabilistic support vector machine (SVM) model based on quadratic entropy, and an on-line stochastic steepest descent algorithm. For speaker-independent continuous phone recognition, FDKM trained over 177,080 samples of the TIMIT database achieves 80.6 % recognition accuracy over the full test set, without use of a prior phonetic language model. 1
1.5 μm tunable wavelength filter using a phase-shift-controlled distributed feedback laser diode with a wide tuning range and a high constant gain (1989)

We demonstrate a 1.5 μm tunable wavelength filter which uses a newly developed phase-shift-controlled distributed feedback laser diode. A tuning range as wide as 120 GHz (9.5 Å) with 24.5 dB constant gain has been achieved. An 18-channel wavelength selection with less than −10 dB crosstalk is expected with this filter.
Retroviral DNA integration. (1992)

This overview summarizes the properties and mechanism of retroviral DNA integration and the consequences of the integration process to the infected cell and host. Integration of viral into cellular DNA is a regular and irreversible event, essential for virus replication, whose mechanism is becoming well understood. Many pathogenic consequences of retrovirus infection are due to side-effects of the integration process, including gene disruption, activation of proto-oncogenes, acquisition of oncogenes, and inappropriate expression of viral gene products. The properties and risks associated with these events are reviewed along with overall conclusions as to the importance of these to possible retroviral contaminants of biologicals.
Biobased Thermosetting Epoxy: Present and Future (2013)

International audience
SNR estimation in generalized fading channels and its application to turbo decoding (2002)

We propose an online SNR estimation scheme for generalized fading channels. We derive the SNR estimate based on a statistical ratio of observables over a block of data, when the channel undergoes Nakagami fading. An online SNR estimator for AWGN channels has been derived by Summers and Wilson (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.46, no.4, p.421-23, 1998). Our SNR estimation scheme in this paper is for a general Nakagami fading channel, where the SNR estimates in Rayleigh fading and AWGN can be obtained as special cases corresponding to the Nakagami parameter m=1 and m=/spl infin/, respectively. As an example, we use our SNR estimate in the iterative decoding of turbo codes on both i.i.d and correlated Rayleigh fading channels. We show that the turbo decoder performance on Rayleigh fading channels using our SNR estimate is close to the performance using perfect knowledge of the fade amplitudes and the SNR.
Hydrazine as an Oxygen Scavenger—A Progress Report on Tests at Springdale Station (1956)

Abstract Hydrazine has been fed on a trial basis to a 1350-psi boiler at Springdale Station of West Penn Power Company since April, 1954. Preliminary observations on the use of this chemical for removing oxygen are given in the paper.
Human serum hexosaminidase: elevated B form isozyme in cancer patients. (1978)

Photograph of Civilian Conservation Corps foreman John Hinkle with two enrollees working at a project site in the Roosevelt Recreation Demonstration Area.
Stabilization of Arbitrary Switched Linear Systems With Unknown Time-Varying Delays (2006)

We consider continuous time switched systems that are stabilized via a computer. Several factors (sampling, computer computation, communications through a network, etc.) introduce model uncertainties produced by unknown varying feedback delays. These uncertainties can lead to instability when they are not taken into account. Our goal is to construct a switched digital control for continuous time switched systems that is robust to the varying feedback delay problem. The main contribution of this note is to show that the control synthesis problem in the context of unknown time varying delays can be expressed as a problem of stabilizability for uncertain systems with polytopic uncertainties
Bolometric Infrared Photoresponse of Suspended Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films (2006)

The photoresponse in the electrical conductivity of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) film is dramatically enhanced when the nanotube film is suspended in vacuum. We show here that the change in conductivity is bolometric (caused by heating of the SWNT network). Electron-phonon interactions lead to ultrafast relaxation of the photoexcited carriers, and the energy of the incident infrared (IR) radiation is efficiently transferred to the crystal lattice. It is not the presence of photoexcited holes and electrons, but a rise in temperature, that results in a change in resistance; thus, photoconductivity experiments cannot be used to support the band picture over the exciton model of excited states in carbon nanotubes. The photoresponse of suspended SWNT films is sufficiently high that they may function as the sensitive element of an IR bolometric detector.
Radial temperature distribution in ACSR conductors applying finite elements (1999)

One of the most interesting aspects in the thermal analysis of an ACSR (aluminium conductors steel reinforced) conductor is the knowledge of the temperature distribution in its interior. These conductors have the problem of heterogeneous characteristics in their interior. This paper proposes a model, based on the finite-element technique, that considers temperature distribution in the interior of the conductor. The model relates the current distribution through the layers with the transmission of heat between them and with the exterior, both in steady state and in transient conditions.
Uranium-233 purification and conversion to stabilized ceramic grade urania for LWBR fuel fabrication (LWBR Development Program) (1980)

High purity ceramic grade urania (/sup 233/UO/sub 2/) used in manufacturing the fuel for the Light Water Breeder Reactor (LWBR) core was made from uranium-233 that was obtained by irradiating thoria under special conditions to result in not more than 10 ppM of uranium-232 in the recovered uranium-233 product. A developmental study established the operating parameters of the conversion process for transforming the uranium-233 into urania powder with the appropriate chemical and physical attributes for use in fabricating the LWBR core fuel. This developmental study included the following: (a) design of an ion exchange purification process for removing the gamma-emitting alpha-decay daughters of uranium-232, to reduce the gamma-radiation field of the uranium-233 during LWBR fuel manufacture; (b) definition of the parameters for precipitating the uranium-233 as ammonium uranate (ADU) and for reducing the ADU with hydrogen to yield a urania conversion product of the proper particle size, surface area and sinterability for use in manufacturing the LWBR fuel; (c) establishment of parameters and design of equipment for stabilizing the urania conversion product to prevent it from undergoing excessive oxidation on exposure to the air during LWBR fuel manufacturing operations; and (d) development of a procedure and a facility to reprocess the unirradiated thoria-urania fuel scrap from the LWBR core manufacturing operations to recover the uranium-233 and convert it into high purity ceramic grade urania for LWBR core fabrication.
A carrier frequency gating circuit for static inverters, converters, and cycloconverters (1966)

This paper presents a new technique for gating silicon controlled rectifiers or other power switches in static inverters, converters, and cycloconverters. The approach uses a carrier frequency to transmit the proper gating signal from the logic circuits to the power switches with electrical isolation. This technique is particularly useful when the fundamental frequency of the power conversion system is very low or is equal to zero. Circuit diagrams and a photograph of a carrier frequency gating circuit are presented.
A Population of Selected Renal Cells Augments Renal Function and Extends Survival in the ZSF1 Model of Progressive Diabetic Nephropathy (2012)

New treatment paradigms that slow or reverse progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are needed to relieve significant patient and healthcare burdens. We have shown that a population of selected renal cells (SRCs) stabilized disease progression in a mass reduction model of CKD. Here, we further define the cellular composition of SRCs and apply this novel therapeutic approach to the ZSF1 rat, a model of severe progressive nephropathy secondary to diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Injection of syngeneic SRCs into the ZSF1 renal cortex elicited a regenerative response that significantly improved survival and stabilized disease progression to renal structure and function beyond 1 year posttreatment. Functional improvements included normalization of multiple nephron structures and functions including glomerular filtration, tubular protein handling, electrolyte balance, and the ability to concentrate urine. Improvements to blood pressure, including reduced levels of circulating renin, were also observed. These functional improvements following SRC treatment were accompanied by significant reductions in glomerular sclerosis, tubular degeneration, and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Collectively, these data support the utility of a novel renal cell-based approach for slowing renal disease progression associated with diabetic nephropathy in the setting of metabolic syndrome, one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease.