gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bactericidal activity of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages exposed in vitro to three strains of Pasteurella multocida (1983)

Normal ICR mice were infected intravenously, intraperitoneally, or aerogenically with Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from a turkey (S68), calf (V90), or rabbit (J20) lung. Both the turkey and calf isolates were highly virulent for mice and multiplied logarithmically in the lungs, liver, and spleen, resulting in death of the animals in 18 to 36 h. The rabbit strain was avirulent for mice, but repeated passage in mice did result in some increased virulence. All three strains of P. multocida were inactivated rapidly by normal mouse peritoneal macrophages, provided that the organisms were opsonized with specific hyperimmune serum before being exposed to the macrophage monolayers. P. multocida was slowly inactivated by normal mouse alveolar macrophages when the organisms were preopsonized. However, the surviving organisms later multiplied extensively in vitro. Macrophages harvested from hyperimmunized mice were no better at inactivating opsonized P. multocida cells than were normal mouse cells. The relative importance of the different phagocytic cell populations in the uptake and killing of opsonized P. multocida cells is discussed in relation to immunity to this important animal pathogen.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Biosynthesis ‐ An Approach in the Near Future? (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
NAD Kinases Use Substrate-assisted Catalysis for Specific Recognition of NAD (2007)

Here we describe the crystal structures of the NAD kinase (LmNADK1) from Listeria monocytogenes in complex with its substrate NAD, its product NADP, or two synthesized NAD mimics. We identified one of the NAD mimics, di-adenosine diphosphate, as a new substrate for LmNADK1, whereas we showed that the closely related compound di-5'-thioadenosine is a novel non-natural inhibitor for this enzyme. These structures suggest a mechanism involving substrate-assisted catalysis. Indeed, sequence/structure comparison and directed mutagenesis have previously shown that NAD kinases (NADKs) and the distantly related 6-phosphofructokinases share the same catalytically important GGDGT motif. However, in this study we have shown that these enzymes use the central aspartate of this motif differently. Although this acidic residue chelates the catalytic Mg(2+) ion in 6-phosphofructokinases, it activates the phospho-acceptor (NAD) in NADKs. Sequence/structure comparisons suggest that the role of this aspartate would be conserved in NADKs and the related sphingosine and diacylglycerol kinases.
Hybrid Inorganic—Organic Polymers Derived from Organofunctional Phosphazenes (1988)

Carbon chain polymers with pendant inorganic ring systems can be prepared by homo- or copolymerization reactions of cyclophosphazenes with olefinic exocyclic groups. The resulting polymers and copolymers exhibit flame retardancy and have a large number of reactive sites for further synthetic transformations. In alkenylpentafluorocyclotriphosphazenes the reactivity of the olefinic center may be mediated by placement of an electron donating group on the olefin or by placing an insulating function between the olefin and the phosphazene. A broad range of homo- and copolymers have been prepared from vinyloxyphosphazenes. These materials undergo facile thermal decomposition. The volatile products of these processes have been identified and some insight has been gained into the kinetics and mechanism of the polymer thermolysis reactions.
A Dietary Anthocyanidin Delphinidin Induces Apoptosis of Human Prostate Cancer PC3 Cells <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i>: Involvement of Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling (2008)

Delphinidin, a major anthocyanidin present in many pigmented fruits and vegetables, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties. In this study, we provide evidence that it could be developed as a novel agent against human prostate cancer (PCa). We observed that delphinidin treatment to human PCa LNCaP, C4-2, 22Rnu1, and PC3 cells resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth without having any substantial effect on normal human prostate epithelial cells. We selected PC3 cells as a test model system because of their highly aggressive proliferative nature. Delphinidin treatment of cells resulted in a dose-dependent induction of apoptosis and arrest of cells in G(2)-M phase. This induction of apoptosis seems to be mediated via activation of caspases because N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluromethylketone significantly reduced apoptosis induced by delphinidin. We also observed that delphinidin treatment of cells resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in (a) phosphorylation of IkappaB kinase gamma (NEMO), (b) phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibitory protein IkappaBalpha, (c) phosphorylation of NF-kappaB/p65 at Ser(536) and NF-kappaB/p50 at Ser(529), (d) NF-kappaB/p65 nuclear translocation, and (e) NF-kappaB DNA binding activity. Delphinidin administration (2 mg, i.p. thrice weekly) to athymic nude mice implanted with PC3 cells resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth. Analysis of tumors from delphinidin-treated mice showed significant decrease in the expression of NF-kappaB/p65, Bcl2, Ki67, and PCNA. Taken together, our data suggest that delphinidin could be developed as an agent against human PCa.
An electromagnetic cavity sensor for multiphase measurement in the oil and gas industry (2007)

The oil and gas industry require accurate sensors to monitor fluid flow in pipelines in order to manage wells efficiently. The sensor described in this paper uses the different relative permittivity values for the three phases: oil, gas and water to help determine the fraction of each phase in the pipeline, by monitoring the resonant frequencies that occur within an electromagnetic cavity. The sensor has been designed to be non-intrusive. This is advantageous, as it will prevent the sensor being damaged by the flow through the pipeline and allow pigging, the technique used for cleaning rust and wax from the inside of the pipeline using blades or brushes.
The magnocellular deficit hypothesis in dyslexia: a review of reported evidence (1995)

Many reports suggest that the majority of dyslexic children have a measurable disorder of the fast processing pathway of the visual system. This pathway is believed to extend from the retina to the occipital and parietal areas of the brain, and is referred to as the magnocellular (M) or transient pathway. Evidence in support of the magnocellular deficit theory comes from several sources, but is not totally consistent. Histological studies have revealed shrinkage and disorganisation of M cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of dyslexic subjects. Psychophysical investigations of visual persistence, contrast sensitivity to moving sine wave gratings and flicker sensitivity, report atypical results in dyslexic children, reflecting an apparent deficiency in the transient system, although not all psychophysical studies have demonstrated such a deficiency. Visual evoked potential responses to a wide range of stimuli have been reported to be deficient in dyslexic subjects, but again there are dissenting papers. These reports have been subject to critical review and analysis, new techniques specifically to stimulate the magnocellular pathway are described, and the relevance of this research to tinted lens therapies and clinical reading problems is discussed.
Surface Chemistry of Silicon (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSurface Chemistry of SiliconHanne Neergaard Waltenburg and John YatesCite this: Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 5, 1589–1673Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online9 October 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00037a600RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views5400Altmetric-Citations452LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (24 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Combining Worst-Case Timing Models, Loop Unrolling, and Static Loop Analysis for WCET Minimization (2009)

Program loops are notorious for their optimization potential on modern high-performance architectures. Compilers aim at their aggressive transformation to achieve large improvements of the program performance. In particular, the optimization loop unrolling has shown in the past decades to be highly effective achieving significant increases of the average-case performance. In this paper, we present loop unrolling that is tailored towards real-time systems. Our novel optimization is driven by worst-case execution time (WCET) information to effectively minimize the program's worst-case behavior. To exploit maximal optimization potential, the determination of a suitable unrolling factor is based on precise loop iteration counts provided by a static loop analysis. In addition,our heuristics avoid adverse effects of unrolling which result from instruction cache overflows and the generation of additional spill code. Results on 45 real-life benchmarks demonstrate that aggressive loop unrolling can yield WCET reductions of up to 13.7% over simple, naive approaches employed by many production compilers.
Shedding from Normal and Cancer-Cell Surfaces (1980)

The release of products from cells is commonly called secretion. Secretion implies the release of the soluble contents of secretory vesicles by a process known as exocytosis. In recent years, however, it has become clear that exported products may be cell-surface molecules that are shed from cells. Shedding implies the release in soluble or particulate form of cell-surface constituents without an adverse effect on cell viability, and thus shedding should be distinguished from secretion.1 Proteins, glycoproteins, lipoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans, either alone or in combination with other cell-membrane constituents, may be shed. Although the precise mechanism of such release is . . .
Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis (2014)

The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) demonstrate a technique that can be used to directly estimate the inertial properties of a below-knee prosthesis, and (2) contrast the effects of the proposed technique and that of using intact limb inertial properties on joint kinetic estimates during walking in unilateral, transtibial amputees. An oscillation and reaction board system was validated and shown to be reliable when measuring inertial properties of known geometrical solids. When direct measurements of inertial properties of the prosthesis were used in inverse dynamics modeling of the lower extremity compared with inertial estimates based on an intact shank and foot, joint kinetics at the hip and knee were significantly lower during the swing phase of walking. Differences in joint kinetics during stance, however, were smaller than those observed during swing. Therefore, researchers focusing on the swing phase of walking should consider the impact of prosthesis inertia property estimates on study outcomes. For stance, either one of the two inertial models investigated in our study would likely lead to similar outcomes with an inverse dynamics assessment.
Evaluating the Diffusion Coefficient of Dopamine at the Cell Surface During Amperometric Detection: Disk vs Ring Microelectrodes (2013)

During exocytosis, small quantities of neurotransmitters are released by the cell. These neurotransmitters can be detected quantitatively using electrochemical methods, principally with disk carbon fiber microelectrode amperometry. An exocytotic event then results in the recording of a current peak whose characteristic features are directly related to the mechanisms of exocytosis. We have compared two exocytotic peak populations obtained from PC12 cells with a disk carbon fiber microelectrode and with a pyrolyzed carbon ring microelectrode array, with a 500 nm ring thickness. The specific shape of the ring electrode allows for precise analysis of diffusion processes at the vicinity of the cell membrane. Peaks obtained with a ring microelectrode array show a distorted average shape, owing to increased diffusion pathways. This result has been used to evaluate the diffusion coefficient of dopamine at the surface of a cell, which is up to an order of magnitude smaller than that measured in free buffer. The lower rate of diffusion is discussed as resulting from interactions with the glycocalyx.
Influence of CXCR4/SDF-1 axis on E-cadherin/β-catenin complex expression in HT29 colon cancer cells (2011)

SDF-1 down-regulates the E-cadherin/β-catenin complex expression in HT29 cells by decreasing mRNA synthesis and increasing β-catenin phosphorylation.
A General, Asymmetric, and Noniterative Synthesis of Trideoxypropionates. Straightforward Syntheses of the Pheromones (+)-Vittatalactone and (+)-Norvittatalactone (2011)

A novel, highly stereocontrolled, and very flexible synthetic access to biologically relevant trideoxypropionate building blocks in optically pure form has been developed. On the basis of a three-step sequence comprising a thermal oxy-Cope rearrangement, an iridium-catalyzed hydrogenation, and an auxiliary-controlled enolate methylation, trideoxypropionates with easily adjustable relative configuration were synthesized in excellent yields. In addition, the functionalized end groups allow for chemoselective manipulations and further elongation of the chain. The underlying strategy constitutes the first noniterative process for the assembly of polydeoxypropionates and has further been applied in total syntheses of the pheromones (+)-vittatalactone and (+)-norvittatalactone, which had been isolated from the striped cucumber beetle Acalymma vittatum.
The MogR Transcriptional Repressor Regulates Nonhierarchal Expression of Flagellar Motility Genes and Virulence in Listeria monocytogenes (2006)

Flagella are surface structures critical for motility and virulence of many bacterial species. In Listeria monocytogenes, MogR tightly represses expression of flagellin (FlaA) during extracellular growth at 37 degrees C and during intracellular infection. MogR is also required for full virulence in a murine model of infection. Using in vitro and in vivo infection models, we determined that the severe virulence defect of MogR-negative bacteria is due to overexpression of FlaA. Specifically, overproduction of FlaA in MogR-negative bacteria caused pleiotropic defects in bacterial division (chaining phenotype), intracellular spread, and virulence in mice. DNA binding and microarray analyses revealed that MogR represses transcription of all known flagellar motility genes by binding directly to a minimum of two TTTT-N5-AAAA recognition sites positioned within promoter regions such that RNA polymerase binding is occluded. Analysis of MogR protein levels demonstrated that modulation of MogR repression activity confers the temperature-specificity to flagellar motility gene expression. Epistasis analysis revealed that MogR repression of transcription is antagonized in a temperature-dependent manner by the DegU response regulator and that DegU further regulates FlaA levels through a posttranscriptional mechanism. These studies provide the first known example to our knowledge of a transcriptional repressor functioning as a master regulator controlling nonhierarchal expression of flagellar motility genes.
Saponin and sapogenol. XLI. Reinvestigation of the structures of soyasapogenols A,B,and E, oleanene-sapogenols from soybean. Structures of soyasaponins I, II, and III. (1988)

A full account of the structure revision of soyasapogenols is presented. The structures of soyasapogenols A, B, and E have been confirmed to be expressed as 3β, 21β, 22β, 24-tetrahydroxy-olean-12-ene (1), 3β, β22β, 24-trihydroxyolean-12-ene (2), and 3β, 24-dihydroxyolean-12-en-22-one (5), respectively, rather than the previously reported 3β, 21α, 22α, 24-tetrahydroxyolean-12-ene (1'), 3β, 21α, 24-trihydroxyolean-12-ene (2'), and 3β, 24-dihydroxyolean-12-en-21-one (5'). In consequence, the structures of soyasaponins I, II, and III are formulated as 3-O-[α-Lrhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]soyasapogenol B (8), 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]soyasapogenol B (9), and 3-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]soyasapogenol B (10), respectively.
Determination of Depth of Shallowly Buried Objects by Electromagnetic Induction (1985)

A method of determining the depth of a shallowly buried metallic object by using its electromagnetic response is investigated. The method consists in relating the distance of the object from the sensor to the ratio of voltages induced in two coils by the object when it is subjected to a pulsed magnetic field. While the theory is developed for a spherical object, experimental data for both spheres and spheroids are used to evaluate the technique. It is shown that over the range of depths for which the signal-to-noise ratio is large enough, the error in determining a sphere's depth should not exceed approximately 10 cm.
Stimulation of Endothelial Cell Proliferation by Rat Granulosa Cell-Conditioned Medium* (1986)

The ability of granulosa cells to produce mitogenic factors for vascular endothelial cells, factors which could potentially mediate angiogenesis in the ovary, was examined. Granulosa cells were obtained from preovulatory follicles of immature rats 48 h after priming with PMSG (20 IU). The cells (1 X 10(6)/well) were cultured in 3 ml serum-free medium 199 (M199) at 37 C without further treatment or in the presence of LH (100 ng/ml) or FSH (20 ng/ml). Since oxygen tension has been shown to regulate the production of angiogenic factors by other cell types, the cultures were carried out with either a high (20%) or a low (2%) oxygen concentration in the culture chamber. After 48 h, the medium was collected, filtered (0.2 micron), and frozen until tested for mitogenic effects on sparsely plated fetal bovine aortic endothelial cells. A 1:1 mixture of granulosa cell-conditioned M199 with fresh M199 plus 1% dialyzed fetal bovine serum resulted in 7- to 8-fold increases in endothelial cell numbers over the 4-day test period compared to controls (fresh M199 + 1% dialyzed fetal bovine serum only). Neither gonadotropin treatment nor the oxygen concentration during the conditioning period influenced the proliferation-stimulating activity of the medium. Medium conditioned by granulosa cells in 2% oxygen, however, did have an additional effect on endothelial cell morphology; the cells were more elongated and aligned than those treated with medium conditioned by granulosa cells in 20% oxygen, which showed a typical cobblestone morphology. Preliminary characterization studies indicate that both high (greater than 30,000) and low (less than 10,000) mol wt mitogenic factors are present. The mitogenic activity is heat resistant but partially destroyed by trypsin. The morphology-altering activity is confined to high mol wt fractions (greater than 30,000). These studies demonstrate that granulosa cells from preovulatory follicles release one or more factors in vitro which are mitogenic for endothelial cells. Furthermore, conditioned medium from granulosa cells cultured in low oxygen induces morphological changes in endothelial cells which suggest an increased propensity for migration.
Activation of Membrane Phospholipase a by Guinea Pig Lymphotoxin (GLT) (1979)

The effect of GLT on target cells (L.P3 cells) labeled with radioactive fatty acids was examined. After incubation for 1 or 2 hr, no change in the survival ratio was observed, but radioactive fatty acid was released from phospholipids of the cells. When incubation was continued for 4 or 5 hr, the survival ratio was decreased with a concomitant increase of the radioactivity of triglyceride of the target cells and enhancement of calcium uptake into the target cells. These results could be explained by activation of membrane-bound phospholipase A after the binding of GLT to cell surface receptors.
Some Modifications of Locally Weighted Regression (LWR) (1994)

Figure 1. An illustration of the difference between Euclidean (a) and Mahalanobls (b) distance. The circles and the ellipsoids Indicate the contours of equal distance to the centre for the Euclidean and the Mahalanobls distance respectively. In our previous contribution to NIR news we discussed the basic algorithm for LWR. The algorithm was presented in six steps. In the present contribution we will discuss some of the different modifications of the basic algorithm that have been proposed. For each of the modifications we will point at the step number in the basic algorithm for which the modification is relevant.
MSSG: A Framework for Massive-Scale Semantic Graphs (2006)

This paper presents a middleware framework for storing, accessing and analyzing massive-scale semantic graphs. The framework, MSSG, targets scale-free semantic graphs with O(10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> ) (trillion) vertices and edges. Here, we present the overall architectural design of the framework, as well as a prototype implementation for cluster architectures. The sheer size of these massive-scale semantic graphs prohibits storing the entire graph in memory even on medium- to large-scale parallel architectures. We therefore propose a new graph database, grDB, for the efficient storage and retrieval of large scale-free semantic graphs on secondary storage. This new database supports the efficient and scalable execution of parallel out-of-core graph algorithms which are essential for analyzing semantic graphs of massive size. We have also developed a parallel out-of-core breadth-first search algorithm for performance study. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first of such algorithms reported in the literature. Experimental evaluations on large real-world semantic graphs show that the MSSG framework scales well, and grDB outperforms widely used open-source out-of-core databases, such as BerkeleyDB and MySQL, in the storage and retrieval of scale-free graphs
An Introduction to Metric Spaces and Fixed Point Theory (2001)

Preface. METRIC SPACES. Introduction. Metric Spaces. Metric Contraction Principles. Hyperconvex Spaces. Normal Structures in Metric Spaces. BANACH SPACES. Banach Spaces: Introduction. Continuous Mappings in Banach Spaces. Metric Fixed Point Theory. Banach Space Ultrapowers. Appendix: Set Theory. Bibliography. Index.