gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Euglena gracilis chloroplast transfer RNA transcription units. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a tRNATyr-tRNAHis-tRNAMet-tRNATrp-tRNAGlu-tRNAGly gene cluster. (1982)

A tRNA coding locus in the Bam-Sal 9 region of Euglena gracilis Pringsheim strain Z chloroplast DNA was chosen for detailed study. This DNA contains the previously mapped tRNA coding sequences of the adjacent Euglena chloroplast EcoRI products of EcoV and EcoH (Orozco, E. M., Jr., and Hallick, R. B. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 3258-3264). The 3.2-kilobase pair Bam-Sal 9 fragment was cloned into the BamHI and SalI cut plasmid vector pBR322, resulting in the recombined plasmid pPG76. The tRNA coding locus was mapped to a region of Bam-Sal 9 that contains portions of both EcoH and EcoV. The DNA sequence of 1-kilobase pair Bam-Sal 9, containing the entire tRNA coding locus, was determined. A cluster of six tRNA genes was found. The gene organization is as follows, where bp is base pair: tRNATyrGUA-64 bp spacer-tRNAHisGUG-14 bp spacer-tRNAMetCAU-4 bp spacer-tRNATrpCCA-27 bp spacer-tRNAGluUUC-6 bp spacer-tRNAGlyUCC. The tRNAMetCAU is believed to be an elongator tRNA. The first four genes are within EcoV. The EcoRI cleavage site that separates EcoV and EcoH is in the tRNAGlu gene. The tRNAGly gene is in EcoH. This is the largest known chloroplast tRNA gene cluster.
2-Deoxy Derivative Is a Partial Agonist of the Intracellular Messenger Inositol 3,4,5,6-Tetrakisphosphate in the Epithelial Cell Line T<sub>84</sub> (1998)

We have synthesized the first deoxy analogues of myo-inositol 3,4,5, 6-tetrakisphosphate (1) [Ins(3,4,5,6)P4], rac-2-deoxy-myo-inositol 3, 4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate (rac-2), 2-deoxy-myo-inositol 1,4,5, 6-tetrakisphosphate (ent-2), and rac-1-deoxy-myo-inositol 3,4,5, 6-tetrakisphosphate (rac-3). In order to evaluate the binding properties of the three derivatives to the yet unidentified intracellular binding sites for Ins(3,4,5,6)P4, the analogues were converted to membrane-permeant derivatives. Starting with common inositol precursors, various forms of Barton-McCombie deoxygenation and classical protection/deprotection procedures yielded the desired precursors rac-1-O-butyryl-2-deoxy-myo-inositol (rac-12), ent-3-O-butyryl-2-deoxy-myo-inositol (ent-12), and rac-2-O-butyryl-1-deoxy-myo-inositol (rac-19), respectively. Phosphorylation and subsequent deprotection yielded rac-2, ent-2, and rac-3. Alternatively, phosphorylation followed by alkylation with acetoxymethyl bromide gave the membrane-permeant derivatives 1-O-butyryl-2-deoxy-myo-inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate octakis(acetoxymethyl) ester (rac-5), 3-O-butyryl-2-deoxy-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate octakis(acetoxymethyl) ester (ent-5), and 2-O-butyryl-1-deoxy-myo-inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate octakis(acetoxymethyl) ester (rac-6), respectively. We examined the potency of the membrane-permeant deoxy derivatives in inhibition of calcium-mediated chloride secretion (CaMCS) in intact T84 cells. Compared to the 1,2-di-O-butyryl-myo-inositol 3,4,5, 6-tetrakisphosphate octakis(acetoxymethyl) ester (4), the membrane-permeant derivative of Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 (1), the 2-deoxy derivative (rac-5) exhibited a slightly weaker inhibitory effect, while the enantiomerically pure 2-deoxy-Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 (ent-5) and the 1-deoxy derivative (rac-6) were inactive. As expected, the effect was stereoselective. Thus, the 1-hydroxyl group is apparently essential for binding and the inhibitory effect of Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 on chloride secretion, whereas the 2-hydroxyl group plays a less important role.
High temperature oxidation of HP40 alloy under H <sub>2</sub> –H <sub>2</sub> O and air atmospheres: a surface study (2017)

In the present work, high temperature oxidation of HP40 alloy was carried out at 1050 °C under H 2 –H 2 O and air atmospheres; the influence of atmosphere on surface morphology and composition was studied. Octahedral crystals with considerable spalled regions are present on the surface of alloy oxidized under air, the oxide scale composes of MnCr 2 O 4 , Cr 2 O 3 and (Fe, Ni)Cr 2 O 4 and spalled regions exhibit base alloy and SiO 2 ‐rich regions. The surface of alloy oxidized under H 2 –H 2 O is fully covered by small granular crystals and blade‐type structures without spallation, and the oxide scale composes of MnCr 2 O 4 and Cr 2 O 3 . Moreover, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows considerable difference in chemical valence states of Mn, Cr and O elements on both alloy surfaces, and hydroxyl compounds exist on the alloy oxidized under H 2 –H 2 O atmosphere. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of optical damage mechanisms in hollow-core waveguides delivering nanosecond pulses from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (2006)

Hollow-core waveguides consisting of a glass capillary tube with an internal reflective coating are capable of delivering pulse energies of tens of millijoules with improved focusability compared to step index fibers of similar core diameter. We demonstrate the capability of these fibers to deliver high-power Q-switched pulses at the fundamental (1064 nm), second (532 nm), and third (355 nm) harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser, both in terms of peak power and beam quality delivered. In terms of peak power delivery, the primary limitation is the occurrence of bend-induced optical damage to the reflective coating. The damage mechanism and the influential factors are analyzed, in particular, the dependence upon the number of guided modes, core diameter, coating thicknesses, and input polarization alignment.
DNA-binding proteins in cells and membrane blebs of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1989)

Naturally elaborated membrane bleb fractions BI and BII of Neisseria gonorrhoeae contain both linear and circular DNAs. Because little is known about the interactions between DNA and blebs, studies were initiated to identify specific proteins that bind DNA in elaborated membrane blebs. Western immunoblots of whole-cell and bleb proteins from transformation-competent and DNA-uptake-deficient (dud) mutants were probed with single- or double-stranded gonococcal DNA, pBR322, or synthetic DNA oligomers containing intact or altered gonococcal transformation uptake sequences. The specificity and sensitivity of a nonradioactive DNA-binding protein assay was evaluated, and the assay was used to visualize DNA-protein complexes on the blots. The complexes were then characterized by molecular mass, DNA-binding specificity, and expression in bleb fractions. The assay effectively detected blotted DNA-binding proteins. At least 17 gonococcal DNA-binding proteins were identified; unique subsets occurred in BI and BII. Certain DNA-binding proteins had varied affinities for single- and double-stranded DNA, and the intact transformation uptake sequence competitively displaced the altered sequence from a BI protein at 11 kilodaltons (kDa). A dud mutant, strain FA660, lacked DNA-binding activity at the 11-kDa protein in BI. The segregation of DNA-binding proteins within BI and BII correlates with their distinct protein profiles and suggests that these vesicles may play different roles. Although the DNA-binding proteins expressed in BII may influence the nuclease-resistant export of plasmids within BII vesicles, the BI 11-kDa protein may bind transforming DNA.
Polyphenols in Exercise Performance and Prevention of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage (2013)

Although moderate physical exercise is considered an essential component of a healthy lifestyle that leads the organism to adapt itself to different stresses, exercise, especially when exhaustive, is also known to induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle damage. Many efforts have been carried out to identify dietary strategies or micronutrients able to prevent or at least attenuate the exercise-induced muscle damage and stress. Unfortunately most studies have failed to show protection, and at the present time data supporting the protective effect of micronutrients, as antioxidant vitamins, are weak and trivial. This review focuses on those polyphenols, present in the plant kingdom, that have been recently suggested to exert some positive effects on exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress. In the last decade flavonoids as quercetin, catechins, and other polyphenols as resveratrol have caught the scientists attention. However, at the present time drawing a clear and definitive conclusion seems to be untimely.
Cellular phone ringing tone recommendation system based on collaborative filtering method (2004)

We have developed a prototype of cellular phone ringing tome recommendation system using memory-based collaborative filtering and we have carried out examinations to evaluate its performance. The ringing tone content was stored on a server from where the users were able to download the desired items according to their preferences. An extensive log data accumulated at the download service site for a fixed period of time was used. The log data contained only information for the users' downloaded ringing tomes without evaluation data. The user set and the tone downloadable content set were not fixed and our goal was to investigate how collaborative filtering could be successfully applied to a system with such continuously changing conditions. The Jaccard's similarity coefficient was used to calculate the similarity between the users. The learning period, the recommendation period and the number of the similar users were used as condition parameters. The system quality evaluation showed that the recall increases with the increase of the learning period but decreases with the increase of the recommendation period. Optimal values for the number of the most similar users as well as for the learning and the recommendation periods were experimentally obtained. It was shown that the collaborative filtering method could be successfully applied to a cellular phone ringing tone recommendation system.
Effects of nisin addition on the ethanol fermentation of casein whey permeate (1993)

Journal Article Effects of nisin addition on the ethanol fermentation of casein whey permeate Get access A.J. Mawson, A.J. Mawson Department of Biotechnology, Massey University, Private Bag, Palmerston North, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Karen Costar Karen Costar Department of Biotechnology, Massey University, Private Bag, Palmerston North, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Letters in Applied Microbiology, Volume 17, Issue 6, 1 December 1993, Pages 256–258, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.1993.tb01460.x Published: 01 December 1993 Article history Received: 19 April 1993 Accepted: 28 April 1993 Published: 01 December 1993
Exact Calculation of Simultaneous Faults Involving Open Conductors and Line-to-Ground Short Circuits on Inherently Unbalanced Power Systems (1982)

The analysis of simultaneous faults, espec ially involving mutually coupled lines on inherently unbalanced power systems using the symmetrical components technique, may not be practically feasible because of the difficulties encountered in the assembly f sequence networks and their solution. To al-le- these problems, this paper presents an alternative method for digitally simulating a basically ubnlanced three-phase power system which is subjected to a shunt fault at one location and blown fuses or open conductors at another location. The method involves phase frame representation of network elements and the use of the distributed source solution technique in conjunction with the principle of superposition. e phase coordinate model of power system ele- is modified/enlarged to simulate inherent system imbalances as well as the unbalancing contributed by the change in network configuration. The unbalance conditioned by large single-phase loads, untransposed transmission lines, conductor bundles, etc. is re- flected in the polyphase admittance matrix. Consequently, line removals, additions, impedance changes, conductor and phase openings can be simulated quite easily by simply modifying the base case admittance matrix. Even the treatment of mutually coupled lines presents no computational problems, unlike the symmetrical component approach. Thus, the proposed method makes it possible to analyze simultaneous faults on basically unbalanced power systems with the same ease and simplicity as unsymmetrical faults on a balanced system with the aid of symmetrical components. The method is applicable to any combination of series and shunt faults occurring anywhere in the system.
Remote supervisory control of a sensor based mobile robot via Internet (2002)

A remote supervisory control architecture which combines computer network and an autonomous mobile robot is constructed. The main feature of this architecture is that users just need a general purpose computer and a World Wide Web browser, they can command the mobile robot in a remote location through Internet and Home Page. Hardware configuration of this architecture includes a mobile robot, as server workstation, and other computers, each of them is able to communicate with others via computer network. Software design includes assignment of the server, communication between the server and robot, and the user interface. The architecture has extensive capabilities for teleoperation, telerobotics operations, and other multimedia services. Based on this architecture we have implemented multilevel operations for the user on various remote applications. At present, the system allows users to operate our mobile robot via the Internet and a friendly user interface (via our Home Page) using supervisory and direct control modules and they can receive live images captured by a CCD camera which is mounted on the robot and other data from sensor measurement.
<i>In vivo</i> rolling and endothelial selectin binding of mononuclear leukocytes is distinct from that of polymorphonuclear cells (1997)

In inflammation, rolling of leukocytes along the microvascular endothelium is a precondition for subsequent integrin-mediated firm adhesion and extravasation. Rolling characteristics of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) in small venules (15-25 microns) of the rat mesentery were studied by intravital fluorescence microscopy under basal conditions and after intravenous treatment with an anti-rat neutrophil serum (ANS). The baseline rolling fraction of the venular total leukocyte flux was 36 +/- 15% (mean +/- SD). The PMNL fraction of the systemic leukocyte count was 27 +/- 9%. Treatment with ANS resulted in total depletion of circulating PMNL and reduced the leukocyte rolling fraction to 12 +/- 5%, in this situation represented only by MNL. In rats treated intraperitoneally with interleukin (IL)-1 beta for 4 h, the leukocyte rolling fraction was 53 +/- 13% and was reduced to 33 +/- 11% after ANS treatment. These data indicated that most, if not all, circulating PMNL rolled along the venular endothelial lining in the rat mesentery prepared for intravital microscopy, whereas MNL rolling was minor (approximately 10%) under the same basal condition. In cytokine-activated tissue, on the other hand, the number of rolling MNL was greatly increased. While PMNL rolling is known to be entirely selectin dependent, the increased MNL rolling after IL-1 stimulation was likely mediated by alpha 4 integrins, inasmuch as the rolling fraction of isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes injected into the microcirculation of the cytokine-stimulated mesentery was reduced from 31 +/- 14% to 6 +/- 2% by pretreatment of the cells with a monoclonal antibody against the rat integrin alpha 4 chain. In accordance with the in vivo rolling characteristics of the two cell populations, binding of soluble P- or E-selectin (selectin/IgG chimeras) was less intense for blood lymphocytes than for granulocytes, as determined by flow cytometric analyses of rat and human leukocytes. Taken together, our findings in vivo indicate that the adhesive interactions responsible for rolling of PMNL and MNL, respectively, are distinct in terms of receptor occupancy, and may help explain the temporal selectivity in recruitment of different leukocyte subpopulations in inflammatory or immune reactions.
Analysis of ultrasonic waveforms using Shannon entropy (2003)

A symbol-oriented information-theoretical approach to signal analysis based on application of thermodynamic concepts is described. Images formed from temperature-dependent thermodynamic analogs of entropy, thermodynamic energy, the partition function, and specific heat at constant volume are considered. It is shown that this can be a preferred alternative to conventional digital signal analysis by making an experimental comparison of these images to images based on a more conventional signal energy approach. In all these images, which were made by c-scanning a family of thin graphite/epoxy laminates containing a foreign object within two plies of the specimen surface, the thermodynamic analogs exhibit significant increases (up to fourfold) in detection sensitivity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers for Orthopaedic Applications (1999)

Synthetic biodegradable polymers offer an alternative to the use of autografts, allografts, and nondegradable materials for bone replacement. They can be synthesized with tailored mechanical and degradative properties. They also can be processed to porous scaffolds with desired pore morphologic features conducive to tissue ingrowth. Moreover, functionalized polymers can modulate cellular function and induce tissue ingrowth. This review focuses on four classes of polymers that hold promise for orthopaedic applications: poly alpha-hydroxy esters, polyphosphazenes, polyanhydrides, and polypropylene fumarate crosslinked networks.
The Improvement and Upscaling of a Laser Chemical Vapor Pyrolysis Reactor (2009)

In this work, a new laser Chemical Vapor Pyrolysis (LaCVP) reactor is presented. The concepts behind the new reactor’s design aim to improve and scale up the production of powders compared to conventional used laser CVP systems. For these purposes, the reaction zone has been studied in relation to the nozzle and the laser beam geometry. As a result, a new reaction zone comprising a rectangular nozzle and rectangular laser beam has been developed. The new reactor, including the new reaction zone, has great flexibility towards different type of materials that can be produced. Moreover, the advanced design of the reactor allows flexibility towards the use of various types of equipment, such as, nozzles, hoods, sampling equipment, etc.First encouraging results of silicon synthesis using the new reactor are presented. The silicon nanoparticles were synthesized from silane (SiH4) precursor in a N2 atmosphere. The products have been characterized with TEM, XRD, TGA and FTIR analyses and compared with a commercial available one (Aldrich). The synthesized products show a narrow size distribution and small particle size, in comparison with the commercial material. Future work will include the further development of the system and investigation of the role of the experimental parameters on the product characteristics.
The effect of the ionic liquid anion in the pretreatment of pine wood chips (2010)

The effect of the anion of ionic liquids on air-dried pine (Pinus radiata) has been investigated. All ionic liquids used in this study contained the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation; the anions were trifluoromethanesulfonate, methylsulfate, dimethylphosphate, dicyanamide, chloride and acetate. Using a protocol for assessing the ability to swell small wood blocks (10 × 10 × 5 mm), it was shown that the anion has a profound impact on the ability to promote both swelling and dissolution of biomass. Time course studies showed that viscosity, temperature and water content were also important parameters influencing the swelling process. We used Kamlet–Taft parameters to quantify the solvent polarity of the ionic liquids and found that the anion basicity described by the parameter β correlated with the ability to expand and dissolve pine lignocellulose. It is shown that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide dissolves neither cellulose nor lignocellulosic material.
Global network initiative: An ethical compass for information and communications firms in the internet age (2011)

Abstract With the explosive growth of communications technologies, organizations are facing new ethical challenges in using, gathering, storing, and sharing information that can cast them in a negative light and lead to restrictions on how they conduct business. As Yahoo!, Microsoft, and Google discovered, developing agreed‐upon principles and guidelines to direct behavior, co‐drafted by a range of stakeholders, is a practical step toward maintaining the public's trust while preserving organizational business models and protecting human rights. Moreover, their experience with the Global Network Initiative offers practical lessons on how to effectively forge multistakeholder collaboration to address complex policy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vitamin D Levels and Risk of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study (2011)

In patients with severe COPD, baseline 25(OH)D levels are not predictive of subsequent AECOPD. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00119860).
The detection and prevention of depression in older people. (2004)

Nurses are well placed to detect and prevent depression in older people, especially at times of critical life changes, such as the move to a care home. This best practice statement forms a major part of a national practice development initiative aimed at developing evidenced-based practice in nursing older people. It aims to demonstrate how nurses can begin to work with older people and their families to provide support and prevent the normal responses to loss and grief from turning into clinical depression.
Emissivity of Isothermal Cavities (1963)

The emissivity of a unit area of the opening of a cavity ∊c is a function of its geometry as well as of the emissivity of its walls ∊0.If fn is a fraction of incident radiation which is reflected n times before emerging from the cavity, then ρc=∑fnρ0n is the reflectance, and ∊c=1−ρc is the effective emissivity. Under diffuse reflection f1=∫F2dA/∫FdA, where F is the viewfactor from cavity wall to open space. If fn=(1−f1)n−1f1 then ∊c=∊0/[∊0+f1(1−∊0)]. The approximation is good in the domain of low reflectivity. The f1 have been calculated for a variety of cavity shapes.
Electron and hole quantization and their impact on deep submicron silicon p- and n-MOSFET characteristics (1997)

A first-principles approach to inversion layer quantization, valid for arbitrarily complex band structures, has been developed. This has allowed, for the first time, hole quantization and its effects on p-MOSFET device characteristics to be studied. In addition, electron quantization effects are revisited, improving on previous, simpler approaches. In particular, the impact of quantization on the threshold voltages and "effective" gate oxide thicknesses of p- and n-MOSFETs is investigated. A simple compact model is provided to quantitatively describe the threshold voltage shifts at 300 K as a function of the doping concentration and the oxide thickness. The significance of hole quantization for buried channel p-MOS structures is also studied. The results can be used to both identify and model these effects using popular device simulators.