gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maximum likelihood geolocation in LTE cellular networks using the timing advance parameter (2016)

Wireless geo location is an increasingly relevant area of research as cellular technology becomes ever more ubiquitous. In this work we consider the timing advance parameter in Long Term Evolution cellular networks to this end. We also evaluate a previously introduced method of position estimation augmentation called Cellular Synchronization Assisted Refinement (CeSAR). We first develop the concept of geometric dilution of precision and the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) to motivate an intuition for positioning accuracy. We then derive an exact maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for TA-specific position estimation. While the exact MLE proves to be computationally difficult, it is shown to be equivalent to the MLE in the general case of Gaussian noise. This equivalency is then used to propose an approximate MLE (AMLE). Through simulation, the AMLE is shown to meet the CRLB. Real-world data that includes urban, suburban, line-of-sight, and non-line-of-sight channels are also presented and used to build a realistic model of the TA-specific channel. This model is then used to evaluate the performance of the AMLE and CeSAR in non-line-of-sight and line-of-sight conditions. Our results suggest that the proposed method may be appropriate for meeting the Federal Communication Commission's E-911 requirements.
PACAP protects neuronal PC12 cells from the cytotoxicity of human prion protein fragment 106–126 (2002)

Misfolding of the prion protein yields amyloidogenic isoforms, and it shows exacerbating neuronal damage in neurodegenerative disorders including prion diseases. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) potently stimulate neuritogenesis and survival of neuronal cells in the central nervous system. Here, we tested these neuropeptides on neurotoxicity in PC12 cells induced by the prion protein fragment 106-126 [PrP (106-126)]. Concomitant application of neuropeptide with PrP(106-126) (5x10(-5) M) inhibited the delayed death of neuron-like PC12 cells. In particular, PACAP27 inhibited the neurotoxicity of PrP(106-126) at low concentrations (>10(-15) M), characterized by the deactivation of PrP(106-126)-stimulated caspase-3. The neuroprotective effect of PACAP27 was antagonized by the selective PKA inhibitor, H89, or the MAP kinase inhibitor, U0126. These results suggest that PACAP27 attenuates PrP(106-126)-induced delayed neurotoxicity in PC12 cells by activating both PKA and MAP kinases mediated by PAC1 receptor.
Pharmacological Properties of Biocompounds from Spores of the Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes): A Review (2016)

Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known representative of mushrooms that have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. New discoveries related to this medicinal mushroom and its biological properties are frequently reported. However, only recently have scientists started to pay special attention to G. lucidum spores. This is in part because of the recent development of methods for breaking the spore wall and extracting biocompounds from the spore. Although some research groups are working with G. lucidum spores, data in the literature are still limited, and the methods used have not been systematized. This review therefore describes the main advances in techniques for breaking the spore wall and extracting biocompounds from the spore. In addition, the major active components identified and their biological properties, such as neurological activity and antiaging and cell-protective effects, are investigated because these are of importance for potential drug development.
Pigments derived from tryptophan: (1) urorosein, (2) tryptochrome (1950)

Research Article| January 01 1950 Pigments derived from tryptophan: (1) urorosein, (2) tryptochrome W. R. Fearon; W. R. Fearon 1Department of Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar W. A. Boggust W. A. Boggust 1Department of Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1950) 46 (1): 62–67. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0460062 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation W. R. Fearon, W. A. Boggust; Pigments derived from tryptophan: (1) urorosein, (2) tryptochrome. Biochem J 1 January 1950; 46 (1): 62–67. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0460062 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1950 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1950 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Edge-disjoint spanning trees, dominators, and depth-first search. (1974)

This paper presents an algorithm for finding two edge-disjoint spanning trees rooted at a fixed vertex of a directed graph. The algorithm uses depth-first search, an efficient method for computing disjoint set unions, and an efficient method for computing dominators. It requires O(V log V + E) time and O(V + E) space to analyze a graph with V vertices and E edges.
FORMULATING POULTRY DIETS WITH DDGS - HOW FAR CAN WE GO? (2007)

Summary Current feeding trials have examined the use of low and moderate levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) inclusion in broiler and turkey diets. In broilers, up to 15% DDGS in grow/finish diets is possible. In market tom turkeys, up to 20% DDGS in grow/finish diets is possible in diets with normal protein content and under conditions where feed intake is maximized. Variability of nutrient content is of concern as risk increases with higher inclusion rates but this variation can be reduced somewhat by using a limited number of sources to provide the material. Some of the nutrient variability in DDGS may be due to addition of different levels of solubles to the wet grains prior to drying. Varying the addition of the solubles to the grains affected particle size, color, and content of fat and minerals. Use of high levels of DDGS will change the amino acid and mineral nutrient profile as well as the amounts of ingredients being used.
Einleitung (1998)

Anfang der achtziger Jahre prophezeite der amerikanische Populärwissenschaftler und Zukunftsforscher John Naisbitt, dass Netzwerke einen „Megatrend der Zukunft“ darstellen werden.1 Ähnlich war der Tenor eines im Jahre 1989 in Berlin vom „Institut für Zukunftsstudien“ und vom „Sekretariat für Zukunftsforschung“ veranstalteten Symposiums mit dem Titel „Vernetzungen — Netzwerke und Zukunftsgestaltung“. Dort wurde festgestellt, dass der Netzwerkbegriff inflationär in viele Bereiche der gesellschaftlichen Wirklichkeit eindringt.2 Versucht man, diese allgemeine Inflation des Netzwerkbegriffs zu erklären, dann könnte eine mögliche Ursache darin liegen, dass der Begriff „Netzwerk“ die Fähigkeit besitzt, unterschiedlichste Bereiche des Lebens reichhaltig zu be- bzw. umschreiben. So gesehen ist das „Netzwerk“ zunächst einmal nichts weiter als eine variabel einsetzbare „Metapher“3 und die Netzwerksprache — ähnlich wie die Sprache der Systemtheorie — eine Beschreibungssprache. Batten, Leiter des „Institute for Future Studies (Stockholm)“ demonstriert, in Zusammenarbeit mit Casti und Thord, beispielhaft die Vielfältigkeit des metapherhaften Gebrauchs des Netzwerkbegriffs: „Networks arise in every sphere of human activity. From a simple electrical circuit to a complex traffic grid, or from the swiftness of electronic transfer to the intricacies of the human brain, networks of various kinds pervade almost every aspect of everyday life. Transportation and communication networks enable us to meet, exchange experiences, and transfer information, knowledge, and culture. Goods can be transported and services delivered. Without networks, there are no markets. The production of services presupposes contact between supplier and customer. Networks are the prerequisite.“
Structure and Dimensions of PAMAM/PEG Dendrimer−Star Polymers (2003)

Dendrimer−star polymers are prepared by grafting monofunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains of low polydispersity onto the terminal groups of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers. A novel gel permeation chromatography technique is used to calculate the average number of PEG branches (“arms”) per star. The maximum number of PEG arms (of Mn = 5000 g mol-1) ranges from about 30 arms for a generation 3 dendrimer−star to about 750 arms for a generation 10 dendrimer−star. Radii of gyration of the stars are measured in dilute solution in a good solvent (methanol-d4) by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The stars have measured radii of gyration of about 6−14 nm. Theoretical dimensions of the stars in dilute solution in a good solvent are calculated by treating the stars as a shell of linear chains tethered to a spherical core. The radii of gyration computed from the core−shell model are consistent with the dilute solution values from SANS.
Clinical experience with the Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent. Initial results of a multicenter study. (1991)

Stenting of native coronary arteries with a balloon-expandable stent was attempted in 226 patients after elective angioplasty. Delivery of the device was successful in 213 (94%) of the patients. Of these, 39 received aspirin and dipyridamole only (group 1) and 174 received aspirin, dipyridamole, and warfarin for 1-3 months (group 2). There was no abrupt closure (less than or equal to 1 day) or perioperative death in either group. In-hospital or perioperative complications in group 1 compared with group 2 were as follows: subacute closure (1-14 days), seven (18%) patients versus one (0.6%) patient, respectively, p less than 0.0001; myocardial infarction, five (13%) patients versus one (0.6%) patient, respectively; condition requiring urgent bypass surgery, one (2.5%) patient versus no patients, respectively. Thus, the incidence of major complications such as death, myocardial infarction, or a condition requiring urgent bypass surgery was 15% in group 1 and 0.6% in group 2. Clinical follow-up revealed that ...
[Quality of life following laryngectomy]. (2002)

More attention should be paid to research about quality of life. The quality of life of patients undergone laryngectomy is affected by many factors. Through the integration of psychological, clinical and social interventions, the quality of life of patients may have an overall improvement.
BslA, a pXO1‐encoded adhesin of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> (2008)

The Gram-positive pathogen Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax, a fulminant and lethal infection of mammals. Two large virulence plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2, harbour genes required for anthrax pathogenesis and encode secreted toxins or provide for the poly gamma-d-glutamic acid capsule. In addition to capsule, B. anthracis harbours additional cell wall envelope structures, including the surface layer (S-layer), which is composed of crystalline protein arrays. We sought to identify the B. anthracis envelope factor that mediates adherence of vegetative forms to human cells and isolated BslA (B. anthracisS-layer protein A). Its structural gene, bslA, is located on the pXO1 pathogenicity island (pXO1-90) and bslA expression is both necessary and sufficient for adherence of vegetative forms to host cells. BslA assembly into S-layers and surface exposure is presumably mediated by three N-terminal SLH domains. Twenty-three B. anthracis genes, whose products harbour similar SLH domains, may provide additional surface molecules that allow bacilli to engage cells or tissues of specific hosts during anthrax pathogenesis.
[The effects of oxidative damage induced by organic oxidant t-BHP on cochlear hair cells]. (2012)

The exposure to 100 µmol/L t-BHP for 12 h could simulate the oxidative damage induced by noise in cochlear hair cells.
On the Relationship Between the Rate of Change of Total Electron Content Index (ROTI), Irregularity Strength (<i>C</i><sub><i>k</i></sub><i>L</i>), and the Scintillation Index (<i>S</i><sub><i>4</i></sub>) (2019)

Abstract We present a new quantitative theory for the rate of change of total electron content index (ROTI) by noting its straightforward relationship to the phase structure function of ionospheric turbulence. The theory provides the dependence of ROTI on the sampling interval, satellite motion, propagation geometry, and the spectral shape, strength, anisotropy, and drift of the irregularities. We also present useful approximations to the full theory that elucidate the principal dependencies. We show, for example, that ROTI varies with the effective scan velocity ( V eff ) to the power ν − 1/2, where 2ν + 1 is the spectral index of the 3‐D irregularities. This dependence on V eff persists in the ratio of ROTI to the intensity scintillation index ( S 4 ), which thus depends on the particular viewing geometry for each satellite. While irregularity strength cancels when forming this ratio, the dependence on Fresnel scale remains. We validate the theory by comparing predictions of irregularity strength ( C k L ) and S 4 from 1‐Hz ROTI measurements with calculations derived from 20‐Hz intensity samples collected at Ascension Island. The theory explains the observations well, except when the scan is directed nearly along the field‐aligned irregularities (within 20° of meridional). For cross‐field scans the standard deviations of the error in predicting S 4 from 1‐Hz ROTI were 0.05, 0.11, and 0.14 for weak, moderate, and strong scintillation, respectively. These encouraging results suggest the possibility of using dense networks of inexpensive total electron content monitors to provide quantitative diagnostics of ionospheric scintillation and the irregularities that cause them.
Microwave radiometric technique to retrieve vapor, liquid and ice. II. Joint studies of radiometer and radar in winter clouds (1997)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.35, no.2, p.224-36 (1997). A neural network-based retrieval technique is developed to infer vapor, liquid, and ice columns using two- and three-channel microwave radiometers. Neural network-based inverse scattering methods are capable of merging various data streams in order to retrieve microphysical properties of clouds and precipitation. The method is calibrated using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) results in a cloud-free condition. The performance of two- and three-channel neural network-based techniques is verified by independent NOAA estimates. The estimates of vapor and liquid agree with NOAA values. In the presence of ice, the liquid estimates deviated from NOAA's estimates. One of the major contributions of the three-channel radiometer is the estimation of ice in a winter cloud. The three-channel radiometer not only improves estimates of vapor and liquid, but also retrieves the ice column. Passive remote sensing can be ameliorated with the help of active remote sensing methods. The three-channel radiometer is used for estimating columnar contents of vapor, liquid, and ice in a cloud. It is shown that vertical profiles of median size diameter, number concentration, liquid water content, and ice water content can be inferred by combining radar reflectivity and radiometer observations. The combined remote sensor method is applied to Winter Icing and Storms Project (WISP) data to obtain detailed microphysical properties of clouds and precipitation. The authors also derived Z- Ice Water Content (IWC) and Z- Liquid Water Content (LWC) relationships and they are consistent with the earlier results.
Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia: A Review (2011)

Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) is a benign condition, characterized by hyperplasia of the epidermis and adnexal epithelium, closely simulating squamous cell carcinoma. PEH may be present in a number of conditions characterized by prolonged inflammation and/or chronic infection, as well as in association with many cutaneous neoplasms. Herein, we review different inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic skin diseases, in which florid epidermal hyperplasia is a prominent histopathologic feature, and introduce a systematic approach in the interpretation of PEH.
KNIVES: Network based Demand and Supply Control System - Enhancement for Network and Environmental Affinity (2007)

KNIVES (Keio University Network oriented Intelligent and Versatile Energy saving System) is an IT based system, designed for Japanese power grids, that supports efficient control and balanced power supply. As KNIVES focuses on the integration of a vast numbers of end-users, it provides the necessary scalability, reliability, and dynamic adaptability. The latest generation of KNIVES system (V2) provides a new hardware concept for a local control that reflects environmental affinity. KNIVES terminals use Internet communication and supports ZigBee based environment sensors. The implementations of this system and practical field tests are described in this paper.
Mining Individual Performance Indicators in Collaborative Development Using Software Repositories (2008)

A better understanding of the individual developers¿ performance has been shown to result in benefits such as improved project estimation accuracy and enhanced software quality assurance. However, new challenges of distinguishing the individual activities involved in software evolution arise when considering collaborative development environments. Since software repositories such as version control systems (VCS) and bug tracking systems (BTS) are available for most software projects and hold a detailed and rich record of the historical development information, this paper presents our experiences mining individual performance indicators in collaborative development environments by using these repositories. The base of our key idea is to identify the complexity metrics (in the code base) and field defects (from bug tracking system) at individual-level by incorporating the historical data from version control system. We also remotely measure and analyze these indicators mined from a libre project jEdit, which involves around one hundred developer. The results show that these indicators are feasible and instructive in the understanding of the individual performance.
Acceleration of autolysis during fish sauce fermentation by adding acid and reducing the salt content (1984)

Abstract Good quality fish sauce was produced from anchovies ( Stolephorus spp. ) that had been allowed to autolyse at pH 4 and low salt concentration. After an initial phase of rapid autolysis, the samples were neutralised, and salt was added to the normal level (250 g kg −1 ) before the fish sauce was separated by suction. By this method fish sauce with acceptable flavour could be produced after 2 months, whereas the normal production time is more than 6 months. This rapidly‐produced fish sauce had a lower level of volatile base and acid, and a better balanced composition of essential amino acids than a first grade commercial fish sauce.
Origin of High Photocatalytic Efficiency in Monolayer g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/CdS Heterostructure: A Hybrid DFT Study (2015)

Graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based heterostructures have attracted much attention because of their prominent photocatalytic performance. However, theoretical understanding on the relationship of the interface and enhanced photocatalytic activity is still lacking. In this study, we systematically calculated energy band structure and charge transfer of the g-C3N4/CdS heterojunction using the hybrid density functional approach. The interaction between g-C3N4 and the CdS (110) surface was explored. Results indicated that g-C3N4 and CdS were in contact and formed a van der Waals heterojunction. The valence and conduction band edge positions of g-C3N4 and CdS changed with the Fermi level and formed a standard type-II heterostructure. Furthermore, density of states, Bader charge, and charge density difference indicated that the internal electric field facilitated the separation of electron–hole pair in the g-C3N4/CdS interface and restrained carrier recombination. These results demonstrated that the band structure of the g-C3N4/CdS heterojunction had significant advantages to improve photocatalytic efficiency under visible-light irradiation. Moreover, our work may be used as a basis for the design of other highly active heterostructures.
["Push-pull" perfusion technic in neuroendocrinology]. (1987)

In this article the author reviews the different models of push-pull cannula device used in neuroendocrinology, mainly those applied to the study of neurohormones release from median eminence (ME). At present, three technical details might explain some disagreements resulting from application of push-pull perfusion (PPP) in neuroendocrinology, concerning for instance, the SRIF release: firstly, the tissue damage connected with the diameter of the cannulas utilized (guide and perfusion), secondly, the perfusion flow which can vary from 15 to 40 microliter/min according to the authors, and finally, the means of implanting the cannula in the ME (between 8 days and 1 hour before perfusion). The author compares the values of SRIF, TRH and CRF releases measured by portal cannula with those obtained by PPP. It would seem that the application of a physiological stimulus triggers a response measured in the perfusate whose amplitude as compared to basal levels, is more important than the amplitude measured in portal blood. In conclusion, in despite of its limits--reproductiveness and yield--, at the present time PPP may be considered one of the major methodological tools affording the physiologist optimum conditions for in vivo studies.
Structure of t cell antigen receptor β chain in synovial fluid cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1988)

We attempted to identify a clonal proliferation of T cells from synovial fluid samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, using techniques of restriction fragment length polymorphism. We used probes for the beta chain of the T cell receptor to analyze restriction fragments prepared from the genomic DNA of synovial fluid mononuclear cells from 10 patients and synovial fluid T cell preparations from 5 additional patients. The results demonstrated unarranged (germline) T cell receptor gene fragments of DNA in all cell preparations, indicating the lack of clonality of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid T cells.
DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF METHANATION REACTORS, INTERSTAGE HEAT EXCHANGERS, AND CONTROLLERS (1980)

Abstract The RMProcess for methanation of coal syngas, which consists of six fixed-bed, adiabatic, catalytic reactors connected in series with interstage waste-heat boilers and feedwater preheaters to remove the heat of reaction, was successfully simulated dynamically using a mixed ordinary/partial differential equation model. Computer integration of the-model was accomplished using the numerical method of lines. Controls were added to the model to regulate the temperature of the gas feed into the reactors by diverting some gas around the interstage heat-exchangers. It was found that the controller selection and tuning, although generally not a goal in large-scale simulations, was quite important. Conventional methods used to tune the controllers gave controller settings that caused a significant detrimental effect on numerical integration stability and efficiency.