gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvent-Free Asymmetric Aminoalkylation of Electron-Rich Aromatic Compounds:  Stereoselective Synthesis of Aminoalkylnaphthols by Crystallization-Induced Asymmetric Transformation (2001)

Electron-rich aromatic compounds such as 2-naphthol give a faster and asymmetric 1-aminoalkylation with high yields when treated with (R)-1-phenylethylamine and aromatic aldehydes in solvent-free conditions. An asymmetric transformation of a second kind, probably induced by the preferential crystallization of one diastereomer, affords the straightforward and stereoselective synthesis of aminoalkylnaphthols. Mechanisms predictable for this asymmetric reaction are reported. The absolute configurations and the conformations of the unknown aminonaphthols are widely ascertained.
Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning (2022)

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity, and we, as machine learning (ML) experts, may wonder how we can help. Here we describe how ML can be a powerful tool in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and helping society adapt to a changing climate. From smart grids to disaster management, we identify high impact problems where existing gaps can be filled by ML, in collaboration with other fields. Our recommendations encompass exciting research questions as well as promising business opportunities. We call on the ML community to join the global effort against climate change.
cDNA cloning and sequence analysis of human pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A1 (1992)

Using polyclonal antibodies raised against human pancreatic procarboxypeptidases, a full-length cDNA coding for an A-type proenzyme was isolated from a lambda gt11 human pancreatic library. This cDNA contains standard 3' and 5' flanking regions, a poly(A)+ tail and a central region of 1260 nucleotides coding for a protein of 419 amino acids. On the basis of sequence comparisons, the human protein was classified as a procarboxypeptidase A1 which is very similar to the previously described A1 forms from rat and bovine pancreatic glands. The presence of the amino acid sequences assumed to be of importance for the zymogen inhibition by its activation segment, primarily on the basis of the recently reported crystal structure of the B form, further supports the proposed classification.
Scientific and Engineering C++: An Introduction with Advanced Techniques and Examples (1994)

From the Publisher:
Scientific and Engineering C++ brings the power of C++ to science and engineering programming. Highlights: builds on knowledge of both FORTRAN and C, the languages most familiar to scientists and engineers; systematically treats object-oriented programming, templates, and the C++ type system; relates the C++ programming process to expressing commonality in the design and implementation of programs; describes how to use existing FORTRAN and C subroutine libraries to implement C++ classes; introduces advanced techniques coordinating templates, inheritance, virtual function interfaces, and exceptions in substantive examples; provides examples, including an extensive family of array classes, smart pointers, class wrappers for LAPACK, classes for abstract algebra and dimensional analysis, function objects, exploiting existing C and FORTRAN libraries, automatic differentiation, and data analysis via nonlinear least squares using the singular value decomposition; and references key sources of new programming ideas and C++ programming techniques. Scientific and Engineering C++ will help engineers and scientists fluent in FORTRAN or C; professional programmers using C or C++ who are looking for a new, systematic discussion of C++ for object-oriented programming; and advanced programmers who are interested in sophisticated C++ programming techniques.
Regulation of shoot epidermal cell differentiation by a pair of homeodomain proteins in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2003)

In higher plants, the outermost cell layer (L1) of the shoot apex gives rise to the epidermis of shoot organs. Our previous study demonstrated that an 8-bp motif named the L1 box functions as a cis-regulatory element for L1-specific gene expression in the shoot system of Arabidopsis: We show here that PROTODERMAL FACTOR2 (PDF2), a member of the HD-GL2 class of homeobox genes, is expressed exclusively in the L1 of shoot meristems and that recombinant PDF2 protein specifically binds to the L1 box in vitro. Although knockout mutants of PDF2 and ATML1, another L1-specific HD-GL2 class gene sharing the highest homology with PDF2, display normal shoot development, the double mutant results in severe defects in shoot epidermal cell differentiation. This suggests that PDF2 and ATML1 are functionally interchangeable and play a critical role in maintaining the identity of L1 cells, possibly by interacting with their L1 box and those of downstream target-gene promoters.
Two beta-glycanase genes are clustered in Bacillus polymyxa: molecular cloning, expression, and sequence analysis of genes encoding a xylanase and an endo-beta-(1,3)-(1,4)-glucanase (1991)

Two genes, xynD and gluB, encoding a xylanase and an endo-beta-(1,3)-(1,4)-glucanase (lichenase) from Bacillus polymyxa have been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. A sequenced DNA fragment of 4,466 bp contains both genes, which are separated by 155 bp. The xynD and gluB genes encode proteins of 67.8 kDa (XYND) and 27 kDa (GLUB). Two peptides with molecular masses of 62 and 53 kDa appear in cell extracts of E. coli and culture supernatants of B. subtilis clones containing the xynD gene. Both peptides show xylanase activity in zymogram analysis. The XYND enzyme also shows alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase activity. The XYND peptide and the xylanase XYNZ from Clostridium thermocellum (O. Grépinet, M. C. Chebrou, and P. Béguin, J. Bacteriol. 170:4582-4588, 1988) show 64% homology in a stretch of about 280 amino acids.
CROSS-MODAL PLASTICITY IN EARLY BLINDNESS (2005)

The brain shows a remarkable capacity to reorganize itself following early sensory deprivation or neonatal brain damage. Using two models of deprivation, we will show that the brain does indeed adjust to the loss of either the visual cortex (which receives most of the retinal inputs through the lateral geniculate bodies of the thalamus) or the eyes (which provide the major input to the visual cortex) through cross-modal plastic processes. Hamsters, deprived of their visual system at birth, develop novel and permanent retinal projections to the auditory thalamus. These projections form functional synapses and project to the auditory cortex. When trained on a visual discrimination task, the "rewired" hamsters perform as well as normal hamsters. Lesions of the auditory cortex produce cortical blindness. Congenitally blind human subjects, trained to discriminate the orientation of a stimulus applied to the tongue via an electrotactile device, show activation of their visual cortex, whereas trained blindfolded controls show only activation of the somatosensory cortex representing the tongue. We propose that in blind subjects, there is an unmasking of existing cortico-cortical (parieto-occipital) connections, enabling transfer of somatosensory information to visual cortex.
Leaching of water-soluble plasticizers from polymeric films prepared from aqueous colloidal polymer dispersions (1992)

The leaching of water-soluble plasticizers from polymeric films prepared by casting and drying of plasticized colloidal polymer dispersions was investigated with respect to the type and concentration of plasticizer (triethyl citrate or triacetin), film thickness, type of colloidal polymer dispersions (acrylic: Eudragit RS30D, RL30D, or L30D; cellulosic: Aquacoat), Eudragit RS30D/RL30D ratio, and method of film preparation (solvent- or pseudolatex-casting). The leaching increased with increasing level of plasticizer as indicated by an increase in the release rate constant while the release rate constant was independent of the film thickness. The leaching was more rapid from Aquacoat films than from Eudragit RS30D films at all plasticizer concentrations. Increasing the amount of the more hydrophilic polymer dispersion, Eudragit RL30D, in mixed Eudragit RS/RL films increased the rate of leaching. The incorporation of propranolol HCl into the polymeric films significantly increased the leaching rate constant when compared to drug-free films. The leaching from pseudolatex-cast films was faster when compared to the leaching from solvent-cast films due to the denser structure of the solvent-cast films.
科学和共产主义建設 (1959)

自古以来人类社会的进步就是和对于周围世界的認識的不断提高以及运用这些知識为人类服务的能力的不断提高密切相关的. 在社会发展的最高阶段,特别在逐步向共产主义过渡的时期,当科学在社会生活中发挥愈来愈大的作用的时候,这种联系就变得愈加紧密. 在这个时期,科学已开始可能发挥新的作用,因为社会已从資本的压迫下解放出来,这就为发展一切知識领域以及为了人类的进步最合理地运用这些知識开辟了空前广闊的天地. 关于这一点的最好的証明就是苏联科学的具有历史意义的各項成就,而苏联科学已經稳居于世界科学先进行列中的光荣地位.
Providing web-based publish-on-demand software with a networked business strategy (2009)

Publish-on-demand solutions for marketing resource management have gained ground the last few years, with a more efficient workflow for the creation of documents and
publications. Software companies are facing challenges within a business network to expand their business network, and distribute their software through partner organizations.
This thesis proposes guidelines for software companies to provide their web-based publishon-demand software to partner organizations, and enable the partner organizations to autonomously deploy that software for their customers.
Through the development of an analysis framework for the proposal of organizational requirements for a software providing organization, the required activities and
responsibilities between the focal- and partner organizations have been identified. The activities identified are used to look into the value offering by the focal organization, and how the value offering should be adapted. With a requirements analysis, focusing on functionality and quality, the actual web-based
publish-on-demand software is analyzed and a number of requirements are proposed. Combined with the identified activities these requirements are used to identify and propose partner tools, to allow the partner organizations autonomous deployment of the software.
The general findings in this thesis have been elaborated in a case description of an actual publish-on-demand software and services provider, proposing specific activities and partner tools for that organization.
Lymphocyte and monocyte flow cytometry immunophenotyping as a diagnostic tool in uncharacteristic inflammatory disorders (2010)

Immunophenotyping including the combination of the fractions of HLA-DR expressing T cell subpopulations with the level of CD40 on monocytes produces an informative pattern, differentiating between infections of bacterial and viral origin. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of these parameters revealed the novel finding of characteristic patterns indicating a subacute bacterial infection, such as borreliosis or tuberculosis, or a mixed connective tissue disorder. The employed flow cytometric method is suitable for clinical diagnostic laboratories, and may help in the assessment of patients with uncharacteristic inflammatory symptoms.
Neutrophil-activating peptides NAP-2 and IL-8 bind to the same sites on neutrophils but interact in different ways. Discrepancies in binding affinities, receptor densities, and biologic effects. (1994)

IL-8 and the neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2) are members of the chemokine family of host defense cytokines. Although IL-8 was shown to interact with two different high affinity receptors on polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN), direct demonstration of specific binding sites for NAP-2 is difficult, because the NAP-2 molecule lacks iodinable side chains. Here we present a modified labeling procedure for the chemokine that does not affect its biologic activity. The 125I-labeled NAP-2 specifically bound to PMN with two different affinities (KD = 0.65 and 22.4 nM). We observed complete cross-competition of unlabeled IL-8 with 125I-labeled-NAP-2 and of unlabeled NAP-2 with 125I-labeled IL-8, indicating the absence of monospecific binding sites for either chemokine. However, in contrast to former work by others, the total number of accessible sites was considerably lower for NAP-2 (13,000/cell) than for IL-8 (59,000/cell). In addition, PMN prepared from heparinized blood expressed significantly more receptors for NAP-2 than cells prepared from citrated blood, whereas receptor numbers for IL-8 were unchanged. Desensitization experiments suggested a regulatory role for the NAP-2 high affinity site. Short-term priming of PMN with a nonstimulatory dose of NAP-2 (or MGSA) but not with IL-8 led to drastic down-regulation of the subsequent degranulation response, challenged by higher dosages of NAP-2, MGSA, or IL-8. Reduced functional responsiveness of cells correlated with the rapid down-regulation and internalization of NAP-2 and IL-8 high affinity binding sites. Thus, our data indicate that chemokines could mediate by individual modes of interaction with common receptor's different biologic functions.
A Square Wave Electromagnetic Flowmeter for Application to Intact Blood Vessels (1955)

A new type electromagnetic flowmeter which utilizes an alternating square wave magnetic field applied to the unopened blood vessel is described. It attains stability of baseline and sensitivity not possible with older D.C. and A.C. meters and therefore puts measurement of blood flow through the unopened vessel on a practical basis.
Historical aspects of methoxsalen and other furocoumarins. (1959)

Some of man's earliest research efforts were concerned with attempts to restore the normal skin color to scattered, pigment-less areas considered to be leprosy, although most of which were probably vitiligo. In the Indian sacred book Atharva Veda, which dates back to 1400 B.C. or earlier, the “cure” of leprosy and leukoderma (vitiligo) with certain black seeds together with Bringaraga (Ecclipta prostata), Indra varuni, (Colocynth), and turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been described in detail. The importance of the problem is illustrated by the following ode to one of the plants used, described in the Atharva Veda (1, 2).
Nanoparticles as a Novel Class of Autophagy Activators (2007)

Nano-sized objects exist as engineered tools as well as natural or anthropogenic environmental factors. Recent progress in the field of nanotechnology allows for a deeper understanding of their impact on organisms. Recently, we showed that the size-dependent cell interaction with quantum dots is autophagy-mediated. The potential role of other endo- and exogenous nanoparticles in terms of autophagy is discussed here. Their physical properties should be taken into consideration while constructing delivery systems. Furthermore, we propose several models of targeted nanoparticles delivery. Autophagy can be considered as an additional mechanism providing intracellular selectivity for introduced nanoparticles.
Isolation and Structure of Two New Glucosides, 1-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-scylloinositol and 1-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-proto-quercitol (1971)

Two new glucosides, which have been elucidated to be 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-scylloinositol (Ia) and 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-proto-quercitol (IIa), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the leaves and branches of Quercus stenophylla MAKINO (Japanese name “Urajirogashi” )Besides these we detected other disaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography (Fig.)
How to build robots that make friends and influence people (2003)

In order to interact socially with a human, a robot must convey intentionality, that is, the human must believe that the robot has beliefs, desires, and intentions. We have constructed a robot which exploits natural human social tendencies to convey intentionality through motor actions and facial expressions. We present results on the integration of perception, attention, motivation, behavior, and motor systems which allow the robot to engage in infant-like interactions with a human caregiver.
Interconnect testing in cluster-based FPGA architectures (2000)

As IC densities are increasing, cluster-based FPGA architectures are becoming the architecture of choice for major FPGA manufacturers. A cluster-based architecture is one in which several logic blocks are grouped together into a coarse-grained logic block. While the high density local interconnect often found within clusters serves to improve FPGA utilization, it also greatly complicates the FPGA interconnect testing problem. To address this issue, we have developed a hierarchical approach to define a set of FPGA configurations which enable interconnect faults to be detected. This technique enables the detection of bridging faults involving intra-cluster interconnect and extra-cluster interconnect. The hierarchical structure of a cluster-based tile is exploited to define intra-cluster configurations separately from extra-cluster configurations, thereby improving the efficiency of the configuration definition process. By guaranteeing that both intra-cluster and extra-cluster configurations have several test transparency properties, hierarchical fault detectability is ensured.
[Comparative effects of policosanol and two HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on type II hypercholesterolemia]. (1999)

Policosanol is a safe and effective cholesterol reducing agent.
Three-Dimensional Subwavelength Imaging by a Photonic-Crystal Flat Lens Using Negative Refraction at Microwave Frequencies (2005)

We experimentally demonstrate subwavelength resolution imaging at microwave frequencies by a three-dimensional (3D) photonic-crystal flat lens using full 3D negative refraction. The photonic crystal was fabricated in a layer-by-layer process. A subwavelength pinhole source and a dipole detector were employed for the measurement. By point-by-point scanning, we obtained the image of the pinhole source shown in both amplitude and phase, which demonstrated the imaging mechanism and subwavelength feature size in all three dimensions. An image of two pinhole sources with subwavelength spacing showed two resolved spots, which further verified subwavelength resolution.
A metadata based framework for extracting and using Web sites structures (2003)

The deployment of metadata on the World Wide Web is probably one of the most important steps in its evolution. Its widespread use will foster applications such as efficient information retrieval and filtering, trust management and support for agents. Following this trend, the Structured Graph Format (SGF) supports the description of Web site structures in a machine understandable way. We describe a framework built around SGF, which illustrates both the use and efficient generation of metadata. The format, two SGF applications and three methods for generating SGF are presented.
Distribution of two kinds of cystathionine Î³-synthase in various bacteria (1986)

The substrate specificity of cystathionine γ-synthase (EC 4.2.99.9) in various bacteria was examined. O-Succinyl-l-homoserine was used preferably as a substrate by facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria belonging to such genera as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Erwinia, Serratia, Proteus and Salmonella. Among Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, bacteria belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Alcaligenes also used O-succinyl-l-homoserine in preference to O-acetyl-l-homoserine. On the other hand, bacteria belonging to the genera Agrobacterium and Flavobacterium used O-acetyl-l-homoserine preferably. As to Gram-positive aerobic bacteria, bacteria of the genus Bacillus used O-acetyl-l-homoserine exclusively. Bacteria belonging to the genera Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium and Arthrobacter used both O-acetyl- and O-succinyl-l-homoserine to similar extents.
Cortical projections to the superior colliculus in the macaque monkey: A retrograde study using horseradish peroxidase (1984)

The topical and laminar distribution of corticotectal cells, as well as their size and morphology, were studied in the macaque monkey with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. After HRP injections restricted primarily to the superficial layers of the colliculus, labelled cells were found in visual cortex (areas 17, 18, and 19) and both in the frontal eye field (area 8) and the adjacent part of premotor cortex (area 6). The clustering of labelled cells in visual cortex indicated that each of the anatomically and functionally distinct visual areas has its own set of collicular projections. When intermediate and deeper layers of the colliculus were injected, labelled cells were found also in posterior parietal cortex (area 7) where they were concentrated mainly on the posterior bank of the intraparietal fissure, in inferotemporal cortex (areas 20 and 21), in auditory cortex (area 22), in the somatosensory representation SII (anterior bank of sylvian fissure, area 2), in upper insular cortex (area 14), in motor cortex (area 4), in premotor cortex (area 6), and in prefrontal cortex (area 9). In the motor and premotor cortex, labelled cells formed a continuous band which appeared to stretch across finger-hand-arm-shoulder-neck representation. Similarly, the cluster of labelled cells in area 2 may correspond to the finger-hand representation of SII. The cortical regions not containing labelled cells were the somatosensory representation SI (areas 3, 1 and 2) and the infraorbital cortex. Labelled cells were restricted to layer V of all cortical areas except in the primary visual cortex, where labelled cells were found in both layer V and layer VI. The size spectrum of corticotectal cells ranged from 14.8 micron (average diameter) in area 17 to 27.8 micron in area 6, comprising cells as small as 8 micron and as large as 45 micron. Labelled cells in posterior parietal (area 7), in auditory (area 22), and in motor cortex (area 4) were small and distributed over only a narrow range of sizes. Those in premotor cortex (area 6) were often large and had a wide range in size distribution. The differences in size and morphology of corticotectal neurons suggest that they do not form a uniform class of neurons.
Speech recognition in recurrent otitis media: results in a set of identical twins. (1994)

Performance-intensity functions for Pediatric Speech Intelligibility Test (PSI) word and sentence materials presented in competition were obtained for a set of identical female twins, aged 4 years, 2 months. Twin B had a medical history significant for recurrent otitis media, while Twin A had only one reported occurrence of the disease. Twin A yielded normal functions for both word and sentence materials. Twin B, however, yielded an essentially normal function for sentences, but the function for monosyllabic words was grossly depressed. These findings support the hypothesis that transient conductive hearing loss and auditory deprivation resulting from recurrent otitis media can affect the processing of phonetic information essential to the development of word recognition skills.