gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Oil-Emulsion Vaccines on the Occurrence of Nonspecific Plate Agglutination Reactions for Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae (1984)

Six groups of ten 18-week-old mycoplasma-free white leghorn pullets were vaccinated with one of the following: Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) bacterin. Haemophilus gallinarum bacterin, Pasteurella multocida bacterin, combined infectious bursal disease (IBD)-Newcastle (NDV) chicken-embryo-origin (CEO) vaccine. IBD-NDV tissue-culture-origin (TC) vaccine, or saline emulsified in oil; one group received no vaccine. Plate agglutination tests for M. synoviae (MS) and MG were done for 10 weeks after vaccination using three different test antigens. Pullets vaccinated with H. gallinarum bacterin and IBD-NDV TC vaccine showed the greatest incidence of nonspecific plate agglutination reactions. The incidence of positive plate agglutination reactions varied with test antigens. Five groups of fifty 18-week-old mycoplasma-free heavy-breed pullets were vaccinated with one of the following: saline emulsified in oil, chicken embryo fibroblasts emulsified in oil, allantoic fluid emulsified in oil, chicken embryos emulsified in oil, or MS-contaminated chicken embryos emulsified in oil. Plate agglutination tests for MS and MG were done for 8 weeks after vaccination. Chickens vaccinated with chicken embryo fibroblasts emulsified in oil had the greatest incidence of nonspecific plate agglutination reactions. Pullets vaccinated with MS-contaminated chicken embryo vaccine had only a small increase in MS-positive plate agglutination reactions compared with pullets vaccinated with uncontaminated chicken embryo vaccine.
25/41-MW Cyclic Steam Power Plant Serving Hot Strip Steel Finishing Mill (1965)

The 6-stand hot strip finishing mill planned by Algoma Steel would impose frequent swings on the utility tie line of 41 MW and 41 Mvar. Each swing would occur over a 10-second interval. To avoid these swings on the utility tie, a steam power plant rated 25 MW continuous with features permitting peak cyclic loading to 41 MW and 41 Mvar was installed. Special megawatt and megavar controls vary the power plant output to match the varying input to the strip mill. High-speed recordings of plant performance during strip mill operation are included. This is believed to be one of the few, if not the only, steam power plants operating in this manner.
Quasi-Optimum Digital Phase-Locked Loops (1973)

Quasi-optimum digital phase-locked loops (DPLL) are derived utilizing nonlinear estimation theory. Nonlinear approximations are employed to yield realizable loop structures. Baseband equivalent loop gains are derived, which, under high signal-to-noise ratio conditions may be calculated off line. Additional simplifications are made that permit the application of the Kalman filter algorithms to determine the minimum mean-square error (MSE) loop filter. Consideration is given to sampling rate and implementation requirements. Performance is evaluated by a theoretical analysis and by simulation. Theoretical and simulated results are discussed and a comparison to analog results is made.
The Science behind the Probiotic Strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12® (2014)

This review presents selected data on the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12(®) (BB-12(®)), which is the world's most documented probiotic Bifidobacterium. It is described in more than 300 scientific publications out of which more than 130 are publications of human clinical studies. The complete genome sequence of BB-12(®) has been determined and published. BB-12(®) originates from Chr. Hansen's collection of dairy cultures and has high stability in foods and as freeze dried powders. Strain characteristics and mechanisms of BB-12(®) have been established through extensive in vitro testing. BB-12(®) exhibits excellent gastric acid and bile tolerance; it contains bile salt hydrolase, and has strong mucus adherence properties, all valuable probiotic characteristics. Pathogen inhibition, barrier function enhancement, and immune interactions are mechanisms that all have been demonstrated for BB-12(®). BB-12(®) has proven its beneficial health effect in numerous clinical studies within gastrointestinal health and immune function. Clinical studies have demonstrated survival of BB-12(®) through the gastrointestinal tract and BB-12(®) has been shown to support a healthy gastrointestinal microbiota. Furthermore, BB-12(®) has been shown to improve bowel function, to have a protective effect against diarrhea, and to reduce side effects of antibiotic treatment, such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea. In terms of immune function, clinical studies have shown that BB-12(®) increases the body's resistance to common respiratory infections as well as reduces the incidence of acute respiratory tract infections.
Dynamic imaging of cancer growth and invasion: a modified skin-fold chamber model (2008)

The metastatic invasion of cancer cells from the primary lesion into the adjacent stroma is a key step in cancer progression, and is associated with poor outcome. The principles of cancer invasion have been experimentally addressed in various in vitro models; however, key steps and mechanisms in vivo remain unclear. Here, we establish a modified skin-fold chamber model for orthotopic implantation, growth and invasion of human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells, dynamically reconstructed by epifluorescence and multiphoton microscopy. This strategy allows repeated imaging of tumor growth, tumor-induced angiogenesis and invasion, as either individual cells, or collective strands and cell masses that move along collagen-rich extracellular matrix and coopt host tissue including striated muscle strands and lymph vessels. This modified window model will be suited to address mechanisms of cancer invasion and metastasis, and related experimental therapy.
Mental Changes Accompanying Thyroid Gland Dysfunction (1969)

AN APPARENT association between the function of the thyroid gland and the concurrent mental state has been acknowledged since the earliest descriptions of both myxedema and thyrotoxicosis. 1,2 Subsequently, clinical reports and studies attempting to clarify this relationship have led to an extensive literature on the subject. Some workers have attempted to define a specific mental disturbance secondary to thyroid gland dysfunction and conversely, perhaps stimulated by the protean actions of thyroid hormone, others have sought a disturbance of thyroid function in individuals with various psychiatric syndromes, speculating that the gland might play a contributing part in the pathogenesisof the disorders. 3-6 With such extensive previous study one might question the purpose of a further evaluation of the mental changes occurring in thyroid gland dysfunction. It is our opinion, however, that much remains to be clarified. Many previous studies have been
Effect of the Distribution of Short-Chain Branches on Crystallization Kinetics and Mechanical Properties of High-Density Polyethylene (2008)

The effects of the placement of short-chain branches (SCB) on crystallization kinetics, morphology and mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) are examined using bimodal blends of short (S ∼40 kg/mol) and long (L ∼400 kg/mol and 550 kg/mol) polyethylenes with SCB (1-hexene comonomer) incorporated in either the high or the low molecular weight component. A pair of blends that has nearly matched molecular weight distribution and average SCB content shows that placement of branches preferentially on the longer molecules results in slower crystallization kinetics at high crystallization temperatures relative to the material with branches on the short chains. Blends with SCB on the high molecular weight components have superior ultimate mechanical properties, and their resistance to slow crack growth is tremendously enhanced. These improved mechanical properties are attributed to an increase in the amount of tie chains that form when branches are placed on the long chains. A conceptual model based on the interplay of inherent crystallization kinetics of each species and their competition at the growth front in binary blends qualitatively explains the effects of SCB distribution on crystallization kinetics, lamellar thickness and inferred formation of tie chains.
Experimental Performance of a Genetic Algorithm for Airborne Strategic Conflict Resolution (2008)

The Autonomous Operations Planner, a research prototype flight-deck decision support tool to enable airborne self-separation, uses a pattern-based genetic algorithm to resolve predicted conflicts between the ownship and traffic aircraft. Conflicts are resolved by modifying the active route within the ownship's flight management system according to a predefined set of maneuver pattern templates. The performance of this pattern-based genetic algorithm was evaluated in the context of batch-mode Monte Carlo simulations running over 3600 flight hours of autonomous aircraft in en-route airspace under conditions ranging from typical current traffic densities to several times that level. Encountering over 8900 conflicts during two simulation experiments, the genetic algorithm was able to resolve all but three conflicts, while maintaining a required time of arrival constraint for most aircraft. Actual elapsed running time for the algorithm was consistent with conflict resolution in real time. The paper presents details of the genetic algorithm's design, along with mathematical models of the algorithm's performance and observations regarding the effectiveness of using complimentary maneuver patterns when multiple resolutions by the same aircraft were required.
Comparative investigation of the desensitizing efficacy of a new dentifrice containing 5.5% potassium citrate: an eight-week clinical study. (2004)

The results of this double-blind clinical study indicate that the use of a commercially available test dentifrice containing 5.5% potassium citrate, 1.14% sodium monofluorophosphate and 10% high-cleaning silica in a silica base demonstrates no statistically significant difference in tactile and air blast sensitivity compared to the commercially available desensitizing positive control dentifrice containing 3.75% potassium chloride, 0.32% sodium fluoride and 0.3% triclosan in a silica base.
Exotic and mundane substrates for gallium nitride heteroepitaxy (2002)

It is often asserted that the principal obstacle to the epitaxial growth of high quality gallium nitride is the lack of a lattice matched substrate. Although this view is overly simplistic and underly factual, it conveys the correct impression that the most commonly used substrate, sapphire, has many shortcomings. Are there substrates to improve on sapphire? We have studied the growth of gallium nitride on a variety of materials, including ZnO, LiGaO/sub 2/, LiAlO/sub 2/, ScMgAlO/sub 4/, Si, garnets and spinels. By growing on a variety of materials, we can assess the relative importance of lattice match, thermal expansion match, chemical stability and compatibility, polarity, and even cost of a substrate on the ensuing growth.
Peroxidases and Catalases: Biochemistry, Biophysics, Biotechnology and Physiology. By H. Brian Dunford. (2010)

Wiley Hoboken 2010, XV+459 pp., hardcover $ 195.00.—ISBN 978-0-470-22476-2
Progressive watermarking on 3D meshes (2010)

Traditional 3D watermarking mostly applies offline decode, which usually requires a complete 3D mesh. For a set of level-of-detail(LOD) meshes, the watermark has to be robust enough to survive from LOD generation algorithms that applies mesh simplification; otherwise, they may have to embed the watermark into each LOD mesh individually. To cope with such problems, we proposed a novel 3D mesh watermarking approach on the basis of the progressive mesh and the discrete wavelet transform. The new approach begins with mutiresolution processing of the cover object and the watermark respectively by a progressive mesh encoder and a Haar-based discrete wavelet transform encoder. By embedding the transformed sequence of the watermark image into the vertex split sequence of the progressive mesh, the watermark and the cover object are transmitted synchronously such that the progressive decode of the cover object and the extraction and decoding of the watermark can be performed on-the-fly with the transmission. Once if the transmission is interrupted, it is still possible to verify the watermark for it is progressively displayed along with the cover object.
Ultralow-phase-noise millimetre-wave signal generator assisted with an electro-optics-modulator-based optical frequency comb (2016)

Low-noise millimetre-wave signals are valuable for digital sampling systems, arbitrary waveform generation for ultra-wideband communications, and coherent radar systems. However, the phase noise of widely used conventional signal generators (SGs) will increase as the millimetre-wave frequency increases. Our goal has been to improve commercially available SGs so that they provide a low-phase-noise millimetre-wave signal with assistance from an electro-optics-modulator-based optical frequency comb (EOM-OFC). Here, we show that the phase noise can be greatly reduced by bridging the vast frequency difference between the gigahertz and terahertz ranges with an EOM-OFC. The EOM-OFC serves as a liaison that magnifies the phase noise of the SG. With the EOM-OFC used as a phase noise "booster" for a millimetre-wave signal, the phase noise of widely used SGs can be reduced at an arbitrary frequency f (6 ≦ f ≦ 72 GHz).
Price Indexes Based on the Hedonic Repeat Sales Method: Application to the Housing Market (1997)

Shiller (1993) proposes the hedonic repeated measures (HRM) approach to measuring constant quality price indexes for heterogeneous assets such as some bonds and real estate. We derive a mathematical relationship between the coefficents of the HRM model and those from the standard repeat sales model, and we demonstrate how hedonic characteristics should be chosen for inclusion in the HRM model. Empirical estimates using Fairfax, Virginia, housing transactions data show that the HRM price index evaluated at the mean of the hedonic variable is virtually identical to the standard repeat sales index, just as predicted by our mathematical relationship. But the HRM allows estimation of different price paths for heterogenous assets.
Processes and materials of manufacture (1977)

1. The Manufacturing Engineer. 2. Classification and Fabricating Characteristics of Metal and Composites. 3. Numerical Control (NC) and Computer Steps to the Automated Factory. 4. Metrology and Quality Control. 5. Metal Cutting Theory and Practice. 6. Turning and Related Operations. 7. Holemaking and Related Operations. 8. Milling, Broaching, and Sawing. 9. Grinding and Related Abrasive-Finishing Processes. 10. Metal Casting Processes. 11. Plastics and Adhesives. 12. Power Metallurgy. 13. Metal Stamping and Forming. 14. Bulk Deformation of Metals. 15. Welding Principles and Arc Welding. 16. Gas Welding, Brazing, Cutting Systems, and Weld Testing. 17. Resistance, Specialized, and Solid State Welding. 18. Non Traditional Machining. 19. Process Planning.
Simulation of isotropic electron spin resonance spectra: a transportable basic program (1982)

A computer program written in BASIC is presented for the simulation of isotropic esr spectra using a microprocessor. Since BASIC is the most common microprocessor language, this program can easily be adapted to most microprocessors. Through the use of more efficient methods the capabilities of much larger FORTRAN programs, run on mainframe computers, are retained in the more restricted environment of the microprocessor. As a result, most spin trapping results can be dealt with easily. A number of sample simulations illustrate the program’s features.
Influence of Enhanced Antibiotic Production in<i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>Strain CHA0 on its Disease Suppressive Capacity (1992)

Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0 suppresses various plant diseases caused by soilborne fungi and procedures several antibiotic metabolites, two of which have been identified as pyoluteorin (Plt) and 2,4-diacetyl-phloroglucinol (Phl). A cosmid (pME3090) carrying a 22(kb insert of strain CHA0 DNA enhanced, in a CHA0 background, the production of Plt in vitro (...)
<i>Introductory Nuclear Physics, 2nd ed</i>. (1999)

First Page
Nondestructive Techniques to Investigate Corrosion Status in Concrete Structures (1999)

A critical step in selecting the most appropriate repair strategy for a distressed concrete structure is to determine the corrosion status of reinforcing bars. Because of the complexity of the corrosion process, it is prudent to involve personnel who are experienced in the corrosion of steel in concrete. The corrosion engineer may employ a variety of tools to help make an assessment of the corrosion conditions. This paper provides an overview of the corrosion of steel in concrete and presents some nondestructive electrochemical tools that are commonly used in corrosion investigations. The objective is to provide the repair specialist with basic information to allow effective communication with the corrosion engineer. Electrochemical principles involved in the corrosion of steel in concrete are reviewed. Subsequently, the half-cell potential method, the concrete resistivity test, and the linear polarization method are discussed. The principles of operation and the inherent limitations of these methods are emphasized.
Study the Sensitivity of Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Sensor Coated with Different Thickness of Polyaniline for Determination Vapours of Ethanol, Propanol, Hexane and Benzene (2013)

A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor coated with a thin film of polyaniline was used as a sensitivemethod for the determination of a number of following vapours: ethanol, propanol, hexane and benzene. Thedetection was based on the absorption of the vapours of these organic compounds into the film by using gas cellchamber. The detection of these vapours can be obtained in part per million (ppm). The work includes the use ofpolyaniline films with different thickness (70, 93, 118 and 176) nm where thickness of the PANI films wascontrolled by the spin coating process. Results show that increasing of sensitivity with increase of theconcentration of injected analyte when the PANI-film-coated QCM was exposed to the vapours of ethanol,propanol hexane and benzene. Best sensitivity to ethanol and hexane were obtained with film thicknesses 93nmwhile in the case of propanol best results were obtained with thickness of 118 and 93 nm. Thickness of 93 and176 nm gave good sensitivity to benzene.Keywords: quartz crystal microbalance, polyaniline, film thickness, ethanol, propanol, hexane, benzene.
The Mechanism for Formation of Homogeneous and Fine Droplet O/W Emulsions by Nonionic Surfactants (1981)

As emulsion is non-equilibrium state, the technique of emulsification greatly affects the droplet size and its distribution of emulsion. When it is tried to form stable O/W emulsion by nonionic surfactants, the agent-in-oil method dissolving the surfactants in the oil phase is generally adopted.
A mannose 6-phosphate-containing N-linked glycopeptide derived from lysosomal acid lipase is bound to MHC class II in B lymphoblastoid cell lines (1996)

Binding of peptides to MHC class II Ag generates ligands for TCR of Th lymphocytes. We have identified a novel class of peptides bound to MHC class II: mannose 6- phosphate (Man-6-P) containing glycopeptides from lysosomal enzymes. These species were identified in the process of characterizing mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II (M-6-P/IGF-II) receptor binding to the surface of B lymphoblasts. Surface iodination and Man-6-P/IGF-II receptor affinity chromatography implicated MHC class II as a carrier of Man-6-P-modified oligosaccharides. These oligosaccharides were found to be primarily associated with the bound peptide. Peptides eluted from the Man-6-P/IGF-II receptor-binding fraction of immunoaffinity-purified MHC class II from the Swei cell line contained a sequence derived from the propiece of lysosomal acid lipase. Partial sequences were also obtained for peptides from other HLA-DR alleles but none of these were attributable to known proteins. This study defines a novel approach for isolating rare glycan-modified peptides from MHC class II and demonstrates that very large secondary modifications are tolerated in peptides bound to MHC class II.
The bacterium <i>Wolbachia</i> exploits host innate immunity to establish a symbiotic relationship with the dengue vector mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (2017)

A host's immune system plays a central role in shaping the composition of the microbiota and, in return, resident microbes influence immune responses. Symbiotic associations of the maternally transmitted bacterium Wolbachia occur with a wide range of arthropods. It is, however, absent from the dengue and Zika vector mosquito Aedes aegypti in nature. When Wolbachia is artificially forced to form symbiosis with this new mosquito host, it boosts the basal immune response and enhances the mosquito's resistance to pathogens, including dengue, Zika virus and malaria parasites. The mechanisms involved in establishing a symbiotic relationship between Wolbachia and A. aegypti, and the long-term outcomes of this interaction, are not well understood. Here, we have demonstrated that both the immune deficiency (IMD) and Toll pathways are activated by the Wolbachia strain wAlbB upon its introduction into A. aegypti. Silencing the Toll and IMD pathways via RNA interference reduces the wAlbB load. Notably, wAlbB induces peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-LE expression in the carcass of A. aegypti, and its silencing results in a reduction of symbiont load. Using transgenic mosquitoes with stage-specific induction of the IMD and Toll pathways, we have shown that elevated wAlbB infection in these mosquitoes is maintained via maternal transmission. These results indicate that host innate immunity is utilized to establish and promote host-microbial symbiosis. Our results will facilitate a long-term projection of the stability of the Wolbachia-A. aegypti mosquito system that is being developed to control dengue and Zika virus transmission to humans.
Application of In Vivo Stain of Methylene Blue as a Diagnostic Aid in the Early Detection and Screening of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Precancer Lesions (2007)

We consider that methylene blue staining is a useful diagnostic adjunct in a large, community-based oral cancer screening program for high-risk individuals.
An accelerometer probe for local pulse wave velocity measurement (2017)

The velocity of propagation of arterial blood pulse signals obtained from a smaller arterial section referred as local pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an index of cardiovascular events of a particular artery. In this work, we introduce a novel design of accelerometer probe for local PWV measurement from the carotid artery. The proposed probe was developed using highly sensitive dual MEMS accelerometers. The probe design with tiny dual element sensors was capable of simultaneously acquiring acceleration signals generated due to arterial wall displacement towards the skin surface. Measurements were performed from carotid artery over a smaller arterial section of length 24 mm. The ability of the probe to acquire continuous arterial waveforms and cycle-to-cycle local PWV measurement was verified by conducting an in-vivo test in multiple subjects (11 volunteers aged between 20 – 60 years) under controlled settings. Reliable as well as repeatable signals (maximum beat-to-beat variation was less than 13%) and carotid PWV measurement with high reproducibility was obtained. A correlation examination of the local PWV with heartrate and BP was conducted during the same study. A statistically significant correlation was observed with the correlation coefficient greater than 0.78 for BP parameters and 0.66 for heartrate. In-vivo validation study promising the potential use of the developed accelerometer probe for cuffless evaluation of BP parameters and heartrate as a confounder of local PWV assessment was obtained.