gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular endothelial growth factor and glioma angiogenesis: Coordinate induction of VEGF receptors, distribution of VEGF protein and possible <i>In vivo</i> regulatory mechanisms (1994)

We have previously suggested that tumor angiogenesis in human gliomas is regulated by a paracrine mechanism involving vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and flt-1 (VEGF-receptor 1). VEGF, an endothelial-cell-specific mitogen, is abundantly expressed in glioma cells which reside along necrotic areas, whereas flt-1, a tyrosine-kinase receptor for VEGF, is expressed in tumor endothelial cells, but not in endothelial cells in normal adult brain. Recently, a second tyrosine-kinase receptor which binds VEGF with high affinity, designated KDR or flk-1, has been described. We performed in situ hybridization for VEGF mRNA, flt-1 mRNA and KDR mRNA on serial sections of normal brain, low-grade and high-grade glioma specimens. We show that KDR mRNA is co-expressed with flt-1 in vascular cells in glioblastoma but not in low-grade glioma. Since flt-1 and KDR are not expressed in endothelial cells in the normal adult brain, the coordinate up-regulation of 2 receptors for VEGF appears to be a critical event which controls tumor angiogenesis. Immunocytochemistry with a monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody revealed significant amounts of VEGF protein in the same glioma cells that expressed VEGF mRNA. The largest amount of VEGF immunoreactivity, however, was detected on the vasculature of glioblastomas, the site where VEGF exerts its biological functions. These findings suggest that VEGF is produced and secreted by glioma cells and acts on tumor endothelial cells which express VEGF receptors. To further characterize VEGF-producer cells in vivo, we investigated cellular proliferation, immunoreactivity to the p53 tumor-suppressor gene product and epidermal-growth-factor-receptor (EGFR) expression on serial sections by immunocytochemistry. VEGF-producer cells did not show increased cellular proliferation, p53 immunoreactivity or EGFR immunoreactivity as compared with glioma cells which did not express VEGF. Our studies therefore do not demonstrate evidence for a growth advantage of VEGF-producer cells in vivo or VEGF induction by p53 mutation or EGFR over-expression.
Owner-controlled information (2003)

Information about individuals is currently maintained in many thousands of databases, with much of that information, such as name and address, replicated across multiple databases. However, this proliferation of personal information raises issues of privacy for the individual, as well as maintenance issues in terms of the accuracy of the information. Ideally, each individual would own, maintain and control his personal information, allowing access to those who needed at the time it was needed. Organizations would contact the individual directly to obtain information, therefore being assured of using current and correct information.While research has been performed on users owning and controlling access to their personal information in an electronic commerce environment, we argue that this concept should be extended to all user information including, for example, medical and financial information. The end goal is not for users to simply maintain copies of this information, but to be the source of this information.This paper presents the concept of users owning their personal information and introduces some of the issues involved in users being able to control access to this information. The security requirements, including authentication, access control and audit, as well as user interfaces and trust, for this new paradigm are given particular emphasis.
Comparison of isothermal, constant current and SWEAT wafer level EM testing methods (2002)

We present data from three wafer level electromigration test techniques, isothermal (ISOT), constant current (CI), and standard wafer level electromigration accelerated test (SWEAT) and compare various aspects of the data. ISOT keeps the test line at a constant temperature. CI applies a constant current of the same magnitude to all lines, without making any adjustments for individual geometric differences. SWEAT holds the time to failure constant by using Black's equation to determine the applied current needed to bring about the chosen failure time. Six different line widths ranging from 0.15 to 4.29 /spl mu/m of AlCu metal were stressed by all three methods, at temperatures from 300 to 380/spl deg/C in 10/spl deg/C steps. Nine wafers were used; one for each temperature, and 17 chips per wafer were tested for each algorithm. The structures were 857 /spl mu/m long, single-level stripes (to avoid thermal anomalies introduced by W studs and vias). Mean initial current values from ISOT were used as the input for the CI tests. Similarly, mean times to failure from ISOT were used as the target median times to failure (/spl tau//sub 50/) for the SWEAT tests. Values for activation energy /spl Delta/H and Black constant (A) were calculated from the ISOT results using current density exponent n=1.7 from package level. /spl tau//sub 50/'s are therefore comparable for all three methods.
Finite Element Analysis of Optical Waveguides (1980)

A finite element program for the analysis of anisotropic optical waveguides is described. The appearance of spurious numerical modes due to the fact that the functional is non positive definite is discussed and a possible solution to the problem is presented.
Sub-millisecond Stateful Stream Querying over Fast-evolving Linked Data (2017)

Applications like social networking, urban monitoring and market feed processing require stateful stream query: a query consults not only streaming data but also stored data to extract timely information; useful information from streaming data also needs to be continuously and consistently integrated into stored data to serve inflight and future queries. However, prior streaming systems either focus on stream computation, or are not stateful, or cannot provide low latency and high throughput to handle the fast-evolving linked data and increasing concurrency of queries.
A Microfluidic Chamber for Analysis of Neuron-to-Cell Spread and Axonal Transport of an Alpha-Herpesvirus (2008)

Alpha-herpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus and pseudorabies virus (PRV), infect the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of their hosts. Here, we describe an in vitro method for studying neuron-to-cell spread of infection as well as viral transport in axons. The method centers on a novel microfluidic chamber system that directs growth of axons into a fluidically isolated environment. The system uses substantially smaller amounts of virus inoculum and media than previous chamber systems and yet offers the flexibility of applying multiple virology and cell biology assays including live-cell optical imaging. Using PRV infection of cultured PNS neurons, we demonstrate that the microfluidic chamber recapitulates all known facets of neuron-to-cell spread demonstrated in animals and other compartmented cell systems.
Enzyme Inhibition by Tobacco Smoke: A Comparison of the Effects of Four Filters (1979)

The effects of four types of cigarette filters on the inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by aqueous solutions of the free gas phase of tobacco smoke have been studied. Commercial cellulose acetate-charcoal filters or experimental wool filters containing a polyethyleneimine-quaternary ammonium additive were particularly effective in removing the inhibitor(s) from smoke under prescribed experimental conditions. Inhibition was dependent in all cases on both the age and the amount of free gas phase solution as well as contact time. Transient enzyme activation was observed. It is suggested that hydrogen sulfide is the main inhibitor present in the gas phase of cigarette smoke.
Biological performance of a degradable poly(lactic acid‐ε‐caprolactone) nerve guide: Influence of tube dimensions (1995)

One of the ways to reconstruct a nerve defect is to use a biodegradable nerve guide. The aim of this study was to establish a nerve guide constructed of an amorphous copolymer of lactic acid-caprolactone. A pilot study was set up to elucidate the effect of the tube dimensions on nerve regeneration. Four types of nerve guides, with internal diameters ranging from 1.12-1.23 mm and wall thicknesses ranging from 0.34-0.68, were tested for this purpose. We evaluated the biodegradation, foreign body reaction and nerve regeneration by light microscopy, after three different implantation times (1, 2, and 3 months). After 2 months, we observed that all types of nerve guides had changed from a transparent to an opaque and swollen state, and that they had lost their strength. The foreign body reaction was characterized by the presence of giant cells and fibroblasts surrounding the degrading nerve guide. From this pilot study, we conclude that nerve guide type 1, with an internal diameter of 1.23 mm and a wall thickness of 0.34 mm, can ensure nerve regeneration in the case of a 1-cm gap in the sciatic nerve of the rat. Nerve guides types 3 and 4, with relatively small lumens, show nerve compression due to a more pronounced swelling of the degrading tube.
Topology optimization and fabrication of photonic crystal structures (2004)

Topology optimization is used to design a planar photonic crystal waveguide component resulting in significantly enhanced functionality. Exceptional transmission through a photonic crystal waveguide Z-bend is obtained using this inverse design strategy. The design has been realized in a silicon-on-insulator based photonic crystal waveguide. A large low loss bandwidth of more than 200 nm for the bandgap polarization is experimentally confirmed.
Direct haptic rendering of isosurface by intermediate representation (2000)

With the development of volume visualization methods, we can easily extract meaningful information from volumetric data using interactive graphics and imaging. Haptic interaction of volumetric data adds a new modality to volume visualization that has an advantage in presenting complex attributes of local region. However, the benefits of haptic rendering of volumetric data have only been recognized recently. Most traditional haptic rendering methods are developed to compute realistic interaction force with geometric primitives. Direct volume haptic rendering allows haptic palpation of volumetric data, but lacks of the ability of simulating the contact sensation of stiff embedded implicit surface.In this paper, we propose a direct haptic rendering method for isosurface in volumetric data using a point-based haptic feedback device, without the extraction of the isosurface to geometric representations such as polygons. Our algorithm extends the intermediate representation approach that had been introduced for dealing with complex virtual environment, to haptically render volumetric data. The algorithm uses a virtual plane as an intermediate representation of the implicit isosurface, and computes the point interaction force applied to the haptic interface based on this virtual plane. Using this approach, we are able to gain higher haptic servo rate for volumetric data. It makes maintenance of the stability of the simulation easier, and applicable to noisy data without preprocessing. We have developed our algorithm and tested with synthetic data and medical data, using the PHANToMTM haptic interface.
Generalized Hamming weights for linear codes (1991)

Motivated by cryptographical applications, the algebraic structure, of linear codes from a new perspective is studied. By viewing the minimum Hamming weight as a certain minimum property of one-dimensional subcodes, a generalized notion of higher-dimensional Hamming weights is obtained. These weights characterize the code performance on the wire-tap channel of type II. Basic properties of generalized weights are derived, the values of these weights for well-known classes of codes are determined, and lower bounds on code parameters are obtained. Several open problems are also listed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Face recognition system using neural network with Gabor and discrete wavelet transform parameterization (2014)

Face representation using Gabor features and discrete wavelet has attracted considerable attention in computer vision; image processing, pattern recognition and human machine interaction. In this paper, Gabor and Haar wavelet based feature extraction methods are proposed for the extraction of features from facial images. Face recognition experiments were carried out by using Artificial Neural Networks like MLP and RBF classifier. We've used two facial databases The ORL and computer vision. Good recognition rate were obtained using MLP classifier.
Chemical Vapor Surface Modification of Porous Glass with Fluoroalkyl-Functional Silanes. 1. Characterization of the Molecular Layer (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Vapor Surface Modification of Porous Glass with Fluoroalkyl-Functional Silanes. 1. Characterization of the Molecular LayerHiroaki Tada and Hirotsugu NagayamaCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 5, 1472–1476Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00017a025https://doi.org/10.1021/la00017a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views532Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SVRMHC prediction server for MHC-binding peptides (2006)

SVRMHC is an accurate and easy-to-use prediction server for epitope-MHC binding with significant coverage of MHC molecules. We believe it will prove to be a valuable resource for T cell epitope researchers.
Accurate Processing of a Eukaryotic Precursor Ribosomal RNA by Ribonuclease MRP in Vitro (1996)

Very few of the enzymes required for eukaryotic precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) processing have been identified. Ribonuclease (RNase) MRP was characterized as a nuclease that cleaves mitochondrial replication primers, but it is predominantly nucleolar. Previous genetic evidence revealed that this ribonucleoprotein is required, directly or indirectly, for cleavage of the yeast pre-rRNA in vivo at site A3. Here, an in vitro processing system that accurately reproduces this cleavage is described. Biochemical purification and the use of extracts depleted of the MRP RNA demonstrate that endonucleolytic cleavage of the pre-rRNA is directly mediated by RNase MRP. This establishes a role for RNase MRP in the nucleolus.
Comprehensive Design Formulae for Hydraulic Fracturing (1980)

ABSTRACT This paper provides a number of comprehensive algebraic formulae, with readily determinable coefficients, which can be used to predict the extent and width of fractures produced by fluid injection at specified rates or borehole pressures, when these are reasonably well-behaved functions of time. The fracture geometries described include as special cases the models currently in use for industrial design of hydraulic fractures, but extensions to allow variable fracture height are readily achieved. The formulae serve both to simplify the implementation of conventional models and to allow development of more realistic simulations which contain the rather idealised concepts of those models in their rightful place as components of a more general three-dimensional description. One such pseudo-3-D model is described in its simplest form; it allows physically credible tracing of length, height and width distributions under conditions of slow vertical spreading which a desirable stimulation treatment would achieve. All of the models admit quite general reservoir properties and frac-fluid behavior. A few popular applications are used to illustrate their power and simplicity.
The spherical interpolation method for closed-form passive source localization using range difference measurements (2005)

The problem of estimating the location of a radiating source from range difference measurements taken from a passive, stationary array is discussed. A new closed-form source location estimator, termed the Spherical Interpolation Estimator, is presented and analyzed. The location estimates produced by the Spherical Interpolation Estimator are approximate minimizers of a weighted equation error norm, and are shown to approach the maximum likelihood source location estimator.
Patency of the Maxillary Sinus Ostium in Healthy Individuals (1984)

In a group of 20 healthy subjects the patency of the maxillary ostium has been evaluated in 35 maxillary sinuses with three different techniques: simultaneous pressure recording in the sinus and the ipsi- and contralateral nasal cavity; simultaneous recording of differential pressure between the sinus and the ipsilateral nasal cavity and air-flow through the ostium during nasal breathing; recording of the pressure rise in the sinus with an artificial air-flow of 1 litre per minute applied to the sinus. The tests were carried out in sitting and recumbent positions. In 5 persons (10 sinuses) a retest was performed after 2 months. These subjects were also tested with an inflatable neck cuff in order to obtain an increased venous pressure. Rhinomanometry at rest and after physical effort was also performed. The pressure relationship between the maxillary sinus and the ipsilateral nasal cavity was 1:1 in both the sitting and the recumbent position, but less than 1 when the contralateral nasal cavity was measured. Pressure recording alone gives no quantitative information about the patency of the ostium. Determination of the ostial resistance during nasal breathing could be performed in 13 sinuses, but in the remaining 22 the ostia were too wide to give a measurable resistance. The equivalent ostial diameter during inspiration could be estimated in 12 of the sinuses from a diagram constructed from known ostial diameters in model experiments. With an artificial air-flow applied into the sinus, the equivalent ostial diameters could be estimated from the diagram in all cases. No statistical difference was found in comparable cases between the mean equivalent ostial diameters estimated with the two methods. The equivalent ostial diameters showed a statistically significant reduction in the recumbent position and after application of the neck cuff. A statistically significant relationship was also found between the airway resistance of the nasal cavity and the equivalent diameter of the ostium in sitting and recumbent positions. Such a relationship could not be found between the equivalent ostial diameters measured at rest and the nasal resistance recorded after physical effort.
Low-frequency technique for the underwater calibration of individual elements of a line hydrophone array (1977)

A calibrator for use with long line hydrophones (seismic streamers) has been designed, constructed, and tested. Comparison calibrations may be obtained for individual elements or small groups of interconnected elements of a line hydrophone array in the frequency range of 20 to 3000 Hz. Absolute calibrations may be obtained in the frequency range of 20 to 100 Hz. The calibrator may be operated in either of two configurations. The first configuration has the calibrator submerged in a water trough. In the second configuration the calibrator, with the hydrophone inserted, forms a closed chamber through which water is continuously circulated during operation. A comparison between results obtained by using the calibrator, and independent measurements is presented. The theory of operation of the device, and of the sonic resistors used to reduce standing waves within the calibrator, is presented in the appendixes.
Side effects of using nitrates to treat angina (2006)

Nitrates are very effective antianginal and anti-ischaemic agents. Provision of a long nitrate-free interval or low plasma nitrate levels prior to the morning dose prevents the loss of clinical efficacy by preventing the development of tolerance. However, side effects during nitrate therapy are common. Headache is the most common side effect of nitrates; often dose-related and reported by up to 82% of patients in placebo-controlled trials. Nearly 10% of patients are unable to tolerate nitrates due to disabling headaches or dizziness. In others, headaches are mild-to-moderate in severity and either resolve or diminish in intensity with continued nitrate therapy. Nitrate-induced hypotension is common, but often asymptomatic. In rare instances, nitrate-induced hypotension is severe and accompanied by marked slowing of the heart rate and syncope. Use of nitrates in patients who experience syncope after administration of nitrates is contraindicated. Nitrates rarely cause coronary steal and myocardial ischaemia. Nitrate rebound may occur and patients may experience nocturnal anginal episodes during intermittent therapy with nitroglycerin patches. Administration of nitrates is contraindicated with concomitant use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, as combination therapy may lead to profound hypotension and even death. There are disturbing observational reports in the literature that continuous, prolonged use of nitrates may lead to increased mortality and recurrent myocardial infarctions. Large, randomised, placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm or refute these reports; until then, the use of nitrates to treat angina is here to stay.
Atiprimod is an inhibitor of cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis. (2004)

Atiprimod, a novel compound belonging to the azaspirane class of cationic amphiphilic drugs, exhibits both anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic activities. Atiprimod inhibited proliferation of all human cancer cell lines included in the National Cancer Institute panel with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Notably, metastatic cell lines were more sensitive to the compound compared to the non-metastatic cell lines derived from the same tumor tissue types. Atiprimod also induced apoptosis and activated both caspase-9 and caspase-3 in T84 colon carcinoma cells. Hence, the anti-proliferative activity could partly be due to its pro-apoptotic activity. Regarding angiogenesis in vitro, atiprimod inhibited both bFGF and VEGF induced proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), resulting in disruption of cord formation. In addition, atiprimod also suppressed formation of new blood vessels in a chorioallantoic membrane assay. Previous studies have also shown that atiprimod treatment reduced production of IL-6, VEGF and inhibited activation of Stat3, a constitutively activated protein in majority of human cancers. Together these findings suggest that atiprimod acts on several molecules that are essential for tumor growth, invasion and metastasis.