gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Power Combiner Using an Active Reflect-Array (2000)

Spatial power combiners involving planar active microstrip reflect-arrays are investigated. In order to obtain reduced spacing between adjacent active cells dual-feed aperture coupled microstrip patch antennas are used for signal reception and transmission. An X-band 137-element active reflect-array illuminated by a small horn antenna and radiating in boresight direction is presented as one design example. In order to investigate free-space losses of this type of combiner, a passive reflect-array illuminated by a dual polarised sub-array is considered as the second design example. A full-wave analysis is applied to determine insertions losses for different illumination conditions of this structure.
A Boundary Integral Method for Computing Eddy Currents in Thin Conductors of Arbitrary Topology (2015)

We present an effective technique to solve eddy current problems in thin conductors of arbitrary topology by a boundary element method based on a stream function. By considering a mesh of the thin conductor, which we assume to be a surface (i.e., an orientable combinatorial two-manifold embedded in R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , the aim of this paper is to introduce a novel technique to render the stream function single valued when the thin conductor is not topologically trivial. In particular, a novel combinatorial algorithm to compute the appropriate cohomology generators in linear time worst case complexity is introduced, providing an effective and rigorous solution for the required topological preprocessing.
Primary Tumors of the Renal Pelvis: Evaluation of Clinical and Pathological Features in a Consecutive Series of 10 Years (1988)

We operated on 36 patients for primary carcinoma of the renal pelvis between 1975 and 1984. The patients were evaluated for etiological factors, symptoms, diagnostic modalities, treatment, histological type and grade of dedifferentiation, presence of invasion, abnormalities in the urothelium adjacent to the tumor, abnormalities in the epithelium of the collecting tubules and patient survival. No etiological factors were found. The main symptom was hematuria. Diagnosis was made by excretory urography with tomography. Urine cytology examination was of no help in the diagnosis. The survival was high in patients with low grade tumors, tumors without invasion and tumors without coexisting atypia in the adjacent urothelium but it was poor in those with high grade tumors, tumors with invasion and tumors with atypia of the adjacent urothelium.
A Dual Layer Scintillation Microdevice for Gamma and Beta Particle Energy Spectroscopy (2007)

This paper reports on a multichannel radiation detector capable of energy spectroscopy of beta and gamma radiation. The scintillation microdevice consists of a double layer array of two patternable scintillating polymer films stacked with different optical decay constants. The top patterned layer of the detector has a small decay constant and is doped with tailored charge conversion nanoparticles to produce different optical pulses specific to the radiation species. The decay constant of the bottom patterned layer is orders of magnitude larger which produces different optical pulses that are measured by an off the shelf photo-multiplier (PM) tube.
[Prevention of secondary cataract by intracapsular administration of the antimitotic daunomycin]. (1991)

Pharmacological inhibition of capsule opacification e.g. using antimitotics such as daunomycin is a promising concept. Our own in vitro studies on cultured porcine lens epithelial cells have shown, that daunomycin penetrates the cells within at least 5 minutes. It possesses a low acute cytotoxicity and significantly inhibits epithelial cell proliferation at dose dependent concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 mg/l. In addition, in vitro studies on isolated pig corneas showed almost no corneal endothelial toxicity. After 10 resp. 30 min. exposure to 7.5 mg/l daunomycin, there was only 4.8 +/- 1.6 resp. 6.1 +/- 1.5% endothelial damage that dit not significantly differ from BSS serving as control. Encouraged by our clinical experience of good anterior segment tolerance of 7.5 mg/l daunomycin when used during vitrectomy in PVR, we started a prospective clinical trial to assess the effect to daunomycin on capsular opacification after ECCE with endo-capsular IOL implantation using the envelope technique. After agreement of the medical ethic commission we chose 6 patients with a mean age of 78 (72-83), no other ocular or general diseases and bilateral cataract of identical morphology and density. After written consent of the patients their first eye was operated using BSS as control. At least 4 weeks later the second eye was operated and received 0.5 ml of daunomycin (7.5 mg/l) applied during 5 minutes into the cleaned capsular bag, leaving the anterior capsular flap and a Healon filled anterior chamber to protect the surrounding intraocular structures. Mean postoperative control time actually is 12 (6-17) months for the controls and 10 (5-14) months for the eyes treated with daunomycin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Geometry-Adaptive Block Partitioning for Intra Prediction in Image & Video Coding (2007)

Many modern video coding strategies, such as the H.264/AVC standard, use quadtree-based partition structures for coding intra macroblocks. Such a structure allows the coding algorithm to adapt to the complicated and non-stationary nature of natural images. Despite the adaptation flexibility of quadtree partitions, recent studies have shown that these are not efficient enough (in terms of rate-distortion performance) when images can be locally modeled as 2D piecewise-smooth signals. These observations motivate us to investigate the use of geometry based block partitioning for modeling intra data in video coding. In particular, in this paper, we study in detail the use of geometry-adaptive intra models, where wedgelet like discontinuities are used in order to define separate coding regions where different statistical/waveform modeling tools can be used. In order to implement this idea, we extend the existing H.264/AVC intra coding scheme by introducing two additional geometric modes: INTRA16X16GEO, and INTRA8X8GEO. Experimental results show that significantly improved R-D performance is achieved.
Tetrobot family tree: modular synthesis of kinematic structures for parallel robotics (2002)

Parallel robots can be built by linking together unit cells in configurations which retain the static determinacy of the overall structure. In the Tetrobot system, the kinematics of these concatenated structures can be solved by propagation of solutions through connected graphs of linked modules. In this paper, we examine the synthesis of unit cells which could be used in creating these structures and retain the ability to compute the kinematics for control of the actuated system. Admissible unit cells are shown to form families in two- and three-dimensions, and a set of synthesis rules is described which generates the members of these families recursively for each generations. The resulting set of modules comprises a broad set of useful cells which can be used to design parallel robots and guarantee the computability of their kinematics on a cell-by-cell basis.
A sonochemical approach to hierarchical porous titania spheres with enhanced photocatalytic activityElectronic Supplementary Information (ESI) available: XRD patterns, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, pore size distribution curves, photocatalytic activities and physicochemical properties of HPT and SMT. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b3/b306013f/ (2003)

A novel sonochemical approach has been developed to prepare hierarchical porous titania spheres in the presence of a triblock copolymer; it was found that textural meso- and macro-porosity could enhance the photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2.
Targeting Anti—Transferrin Receptor Antibody (OX26) and OX26-Conjugated Liposomes to Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells Using <i>In Situ</i> Perfusion (2004)

Brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) express transferrin receptors. The uptake of a potential drug vector (OX26, or anti-transferrin receptor antibody IgG2a) conjugated to polyethyleneglycol-coated liposomes by BCECs was studied using in situ perfusion in 18-day-old rats in which the uptake of OX26 is almost twice as high as in the adult rat. Using radio-labeling, the uptake of OX26 by BCECs after 15-minute perfusion was approximately 16 times higher than that of nonimmune IgG2a (Ni-IgG2a). OX26 and OX26-conjugated liposomes selectively distributed to BCECs, leaving choroid plexus epithelium, neurons, and glia unlabeled. Ni-IgG2a and unconjugated liposomes did not reveal any labeling of BCECs. The labeling of BCECs by OX26 was profoundly higher than that of transferrin. Perfusion with albumin for 15 minutes did not reveal any labeling of neurons or glia, thus confirming the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. The failure to label neurons and glia shows that OX26 and OX26-conjugated liposomes did not pass through BCECs. The expression of transferrin receptors by endothelial cells selective to the brain qualifies OX26 as a candidate for blood-to-endothelium transport. A specifically designed formulation of liposomes may allow for their degradation within BCECs, leading to subsequent transport of liposomal cargo further into the brain.
Somatostatin selectively enhances acetylcholine-induced excitations in rat hippocampus and cortex. (1986)

The neuronal effects of somatostatin-14 (SS-14) and its influence on responses to acetylcholine (AcCho) were studied in vivo in the rat parietal cortex and dorsal hippocampus, using single-unit recording and microiontophoresis. SS-14 inhibited spontaneous firing of nearly all cells tested, while AcCho facilitated their firing. In contrast to its direct slowing effect, sustained iontophoretic application of SS-14 enhanced AcCho-induced excitations in 78% of all cells tested. This AcCho-enhancing effect of SS-14 was dose dependent. SS-14 did not enhance the responsiveness to pulses of the excitatory amino acid glutamate. Neurons tonically driven by iontophoretic currents of AcCho responded to concurrent pulses of SS-14 with an increase in firing. Thus, iontophoretic application of SS-14 can produce qualitatively different effects on the spontaneous activity of its target cells depending on the simultaneous effects of other chemical messengers. These condition-dependent interactions may explain the diverse neuronal effects of SS-14 reported in the literature.
The Detrimental Effects of Allostasis: Allostatic Load as a Measure of Cumulative Stress (2006)

Since its inception in the 1980s, through further developments during the 1990s, and continuing today, the paradigm of allostatic load (AL) has becomed an important paradigm for predicting senescence and mortality. AL is a cumulative measure of the effects of multiple stressors and the process of responding to stressors on the soma. AL measurements of individuals is being tested on various samples and species and being reported across a variety of medical and social science journals. From the ISI Web of Science, all articles published between January 2000 and June 2005 with AL in any default category were obtained and transferred to Endnote. These articles, categorized as theory/review or data-driven, human or animal, and variability in risk factors used to estimate AL, are reviewed here. Only two of 90 reports were published in anthropological journals, likely, at least partly, because research on AL has focused more on western, industrialized populations where data are more easily obtained. From 2000-2005, 12 of 42 data-driven reports focused on elderly humans. Studies of animal models also are common (0 in 2000, but 4 in 2004 covering 21 species). During the last year, multiple additional potential physiological variables have been tested as measures of AL (10 to 20 in any one article). In the past half decade, AL also has been introduced to a wide range of disciplines, including psychology, anthropology, gerontology, veterinary medicine, and medical specialties, as a viable research theme. AL appears to provide a useful method for determining cumulative somatic stress such as that seen with senescence and frailty at older ages.
BROADBAND SUBSTRATE TO SUBSTRATE INTERCONNECTION (2015)

A broadband substrate to substrate microwave circuit interconnection is proposed using bond wires and defected ground structure (DGS). The proposed square-shaped DGS etched under compensated microstrip open stubs not only expands its operating bandwidth, but also increases the characteristic impedance of microstrip line without narrowing its width, which breaks the PCB fabrication limitation of narrow stubs. The proposed structure can make the impedance of the microstrip line much larger than that without DGS. A 250 Ω characteristic impedance is easily achieved using 0.6 mm microstrip line with the proposed DGS. Measured S21 and S11 of the proposed interconnection are better than −0. 3a nd−15 dB from DC to 38 GHz, respectively. A bandwidth increment of more than 1200% is achieved compared with the conventional one.
Effect of leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid on NAD biosynthesis from tryptophan or nicotinic acid in the isolated rat liver cells. (1983)

The effects of leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid on the NAD biosynthesis from (carboxyl-14C) nicotinic acid or (benzene ring-U-14C) tryptophan were investigated in the isolated rat liver cells. The quantities of NAD formed from tryptophan and nicotinic acid increased linearly during 60 min-incubation. Leucine, which was essentially not metabolized by the isolated liver cells, had no inhibitory effect on the NAD synthesis. On the other hand, alpha-ketoisocaproic acid, alpha-keto acid analogue of leucine, which was rapidly metabolized to ketone bodies, diminished a quantity and a specific radioactivity of NAD synthesized from both tryptophan and nicotinic acid to a similar extent. Palmitic acid, which was oxidized to ketone bodies by the isolated rat liver cells, also diminished an amount and a specific radioactivity of NAD synthesized from nicotinic acid. Ketone bodies exogenously added to the incubation medium exerted a similar inhibitory effect on NAD synthesis. Results demonstrate that substances which can be oxidized to ketone bodies are inhibitory to NAD biosynthesis from tryptophan and nicotinic acid in the isolated rat liver cells.
Architecture of Qbox: A scalable first-principles molecular dynamics code (2008)

We describe the architecture of Qbox, a parallel, scalable first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) code. Qbox is a C++/Message Passing Interface implementation of FPMD based on the plane-wave, pseudopotential method for electronic structure calculations. It is built upon well-optimized parallel numerical libraries, such as Basic Linear Algebra Communication Subprograms (BLACS) and Scalable Linear Algebra Package (ScaLAPACK), and also features an Extensible Markup Language (XML) interface built on the Apache Xerces-C library. We describe various choices made in the design of Qbox that led to excellent scalability on large parallel computers. In particular, we discuss the case of the IBM Blue Gene/L™ platform on which Qbox was run using up to 65,536 nodes. Future design challenges for upcoming petascale computers are also discussed. Examples of applications of Qbox to a variety of first-principles simulations of solids, liquids, and nanostructures are briefly described.
Utilization of Ammonium Chloride as a Novel Selective Depressant in Reverse Flotation of Potassium Chloride (2019)

The separation of sylvite (KCl) and halite (NaCl), two main minerals in potash ores, is difficult because of the high ion concentration, fine particles of NaCl, and aggregation of KCl and NaCl in the saturated system. This study employed ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as a new depressant and dodecyl morpholine as a collector in the reverse flotation process. The depressing mechanisms were studied by adsorption capacity experiments, infrared spectral analysis, and molecular dynamics simulations. The flotation tests showed that NaCl recovery increased to 97% after the addition of NH4Cl, while KCl recovery was reduced to <1%. Notably, NH4Cl not only acted as a selective KCl depressant, but also activated NaCl flotation. The FTIR measurements showed that NH4Cl was physically adsorbed onto the KCl and NaCl surfaces. Adsorption capacity experiments and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed more favorable NH4Cl adsorption on the KCl surface than on the NaCl surface. Moreover, the KCl mineral surface was more hydrophilic, while that of NaCl was more hydrophobic. Relative concentration analysis revealed that >90% ammonium and chloride ions were distributed 2–10 Å away from the KCl surface but were dispersed on the NaCl surface, indicating that NH4Cl exhibited stronger intermolecular interactions with KCl than with NaCl.
Physics-based flame dynamics modeling and thermoacoustic instability mitigation (2009)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.
Hydration and pH Behavior of the Cement Prepared from the Mixture of Haüyne-Containing Clinker, Anhydrite and Blastfurnace Slag (1996)

Four types of cement were prepared by mixing haüyne-containing clinker, anhydrite and blastfurnace slag (HAS cement), and their hydration reaction and pH behavior were investigated. HAS cement pastes cured for 3-180 d contained ettringite, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and Al(OH)3 gel as hydrates, but neither Ca(OH)2 nor monosulfate hydrate. Measured pH values of the liquid phases coexisting with hardened HAS cement pastes were in the range of 11.3-12.3, and each of them agreed well with the pH value calculated from ionic concentrations in the liquid phase. Final hydrate of each cement paste was estimated from chemical composition of cement, and then a final pH of liquid phase was presumed from CaO/SiO2 ratio of estimated C-S-H. Measured pH showed similar tendency to the estimated final pH, but the former grew relatively higher than the latter especially in the range of lower pH. It was considered that coexisting alkali ions remarkably influenced liquid phase in that pH range. The compressive strengths of HAS cement mortars cured for 28 d were about 37-39N/mm2.
Membrane Vesicles Shed by <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> Inhibit Fusion of Phagosomes with Lysosomes (2006)

When cultured in broth to the transmissive phase, Legionella pneumophila infects macrophages by inhibiting phagosome maturation, whereas replicative-phase cells are transported to the lysosomes. Here we report that the ability of L. pneumophila to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion correlated with developmentally regulated modifications of the pathogen's surface, as judged by its lipopolysaccharide profile and by its binding to a sialic acid-specific lectin and to the hydrocarbon hexadecane. Likewise, the composition of membrane vesicles shed by L. pneumophila was developmentally regulated, based on binding to the lectin and to the lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody 3/1. Membrane vesicles were sufficient to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion by a mechanism independent of type IV secretion, since only approximately 25% of beads suspended with or coated by vesicles from transmissive phase wild type or dotA secretion mutants colocalized with lysosomal probes, whereas approximately 75% of beads were lysosomal when untreated or presented with vesicles from the L. pneumophila letA regulatory mutant or E. coli. As observed previously for L. pneumophila infection of mouse macrophages, vesicles inhibited phagosome-lysosome fusion only temporarily; by 10 h after treatment with vesicles, macrophages delivered approximately 72% of ingested beads to lysosomes. Accordingly, in the context of the epidemiology of the pneumonia Legionnaires' disease and virulence mechanisms of Leishmania and Mycobacteria, we discuss a model here in which L. pneumophila developmentally regulates its surface composition and releases vesicles into phagosomes that inhibit their fusion with lysosomes.
A prospective, multicentre, open‐label, single‐arm clinical trial for treatment of chronic complex diabetic foot wounds with exposed tendon and/or bone: positive clinical outcomes of viable cryopreserved human placental membrane (2016)

Complex diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) with exposed tendon or bone remain a challenge. They are more susceptible to complications such as infection and amputation and require treatments that promote rapid development of granulation tissue and, ultimately, reepithelialisation. The clinical effectiveness of viable cryopreserved human placental membrane (vCHPM) for DFUs has been established in a level 1 trial. However, complex wounds with exposed deeper structures are typically excluded from randomised controlled clinical trials despite being common in clinical practice. We report the results of a prospective, multicentre, open-label, single-arm clinical trial to establish clinical outcomes when vCHPM is applied weekly to complex DFUs with exposed deep structures. Patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and a complex DFU extending through the dermis with evidence of exposed muscle, tendon, fascia, bone and/or joint capsule were eligible for inclusion. Of the 31 patients enrolled, 27 completed the study. The mean wound area was 14·6 cm<sup>2</sup> , and mean duration was 7·5 months. For patients completing the protocol, the primary endpoint, 100% wound granulation by week 16, was met by 96·3% of patients in a mean of 6·8 weeks. Complete wound closure occurred in 59·3% (mean 9·1 weeks). The 4-week percent area reduction was 54·3%. There were no product-related adverse events. Four patients (13%) withdrew, two (6·5%) for non-compliance and two (6·5%) for surgical intervention.
Methods of preparation of novel composites of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) and a modified Mg/Al hydrotalcite (2005)

Abstract 12‐Hydroxydodecanoate (HD) anions were intercalated, via an ion‐exchange procedure, onto a Mg/Al hydrotalcite‐like compound with the formula [Mg 0.65 Al 0.35 (OH) 2 ](NO 3 ) 0.35 ·0.56H 2 O. The obtained intercalate, characterized by chemical and thermal analyses, X‐ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, had the formula [Mg 0.65 Al 0.35 (OH) 2 ](NO 3 ) 0.08 (HD) 0.28 ·0.56H 2 O and an interlayer distance of 2.27 nm. Structural considerations indicated that the charge‐balancing HO(CH 2 ) 11 COO − anions were accommodated in the interlayer region as a monofilm of partially interdigitated alkyl chains in a trans planar conformation and bearing the alcoholic group. The organically modified hydrotalcite was used to prepare novel composites based on poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) with different procedures: (1) solvent casting, (2) ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone, and (3) blending of precursors consisting of a PCL intercalated oligomer with a high‐molecular‐weight PCL. Microcomposites were obtained by the solvent casting of a mixture of a high‐molecular‐weight PCL and the modified hydrotalcite. The ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone initiated by the OH groups of the alkyl chains intercalated in the hydrotalcite led to hybrid materials in which a low‐molecular‐weight PCL was in part intercalated into the modified hydrotalcite. Nanocomposites containing exfoliated hydrotalcite were obtained through the mixing, in different weight ratios, of hybrids consisting of PCL oligomers and modified hydrotalcite with a commercial high‐molecular‐weight PCL. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2281–2290, 2005