gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Longitudinal Analysis of Alteration in Lecithin‐Cholesterol Acyltransferase and Paraoxonase Activities Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Relative to Other Parameters of HDL Function and the Acute Phase Response (1998)

The composition of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) changes during inflammation; however, potential changes of HDL function during inflammation and the effects of acute phase proteins that are either on the HDL particles or in the serum have not been clarified. The concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A protein (apoSAA) isoforms, lipids and apolipoproteins, and the activities of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and paraoxonase (PON) were measured before and after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, in 12 patients with cholecystolithiasis to clarify the function of acute-phase HDL and the relationship between acute-phase proteins and HDL functions. Both acute-phase apoSAA (A-apoSAA) and CRP increased, reached their maximum levels 3-6 days after the operation, and then returned to preoperative levels after 2 weeks. In contrast, apolipoproteins and LCAT decreased reciprocally, reached their minimum levels 3-6 days after the operation, and returned to preoperative levels after 2 weeks. However, PON decreased 3-6 days after the operation, and remained low even after 2 weeks. At the nadir the mean activities of LCAT and PON were 56 and 76% of the preoperative levels, respectively. HDL-cholesterol or constitutive apoSAA did not change significantly. LCAT has been reported to be involved in reverse-cholesterol transport and PON to be preventive for lipid peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein in vitro. Thus, during the acute phase of inflammation, HDL may be altered to an atherogenic state due to a decrease in LCAT and PON activities. Therefore, this longitudinal analysis was carried out to determine whether HDL function is modified in a single episode of inflammation and thus may contribute to the occurrence of atherosclerotic disease in patients with chronic or recurrent acute inflammation.
Sulf-2: an extracellular modulator of cell signaling and a cancer target candidate (2010)

Sulf-2 is an extracellular enzyme and as such would be an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC and other cancers.
Genesis of Methicillin‐Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>(MRSA), How Treatment of MRSA Infections Has Selected for Vancomycin‐Resistant<i>Enterococcus faecium,</i>and the Importance of Antibiotic Management and Infection Control (1998)

We extensively studied the epidemiology and time course of endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the Millard Fillmore Hospital, a 600-bed teaching hospital in Buffalo. The changeover from methicillin-susceptible S. aureus to MRSA begins on the first hospital day, when patients are given cefazolin as presurgical prophylaxis. Under selective antibiotic pressure, colonizing flora change within 24 to 48 hours. For patients remaining hospitalized, subsequent courses of third-generation cephalosporins further select and amplify the colonizing MRSA population. Therefore, managing antibiotic selective pressure might be essential. Other strategies include attention to dosing, so that serum concentrations of drug exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration, and antibiotic cycling. Although there are some promising new antibiotics on the horizon, it is necessary to deal with many resistance patterns by using the combined strategies of infection control and antibiotic management.
Field Measurements of Particulate Matter Emissions, Carbon Monoxide, and Exhaust Opacity from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (1999)

Diesel particulate matter (PM) is a significant contributor to ambient air PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> particulate levels. In addition, recent literature argues that submicron diesel PM is a pulmonary health hazard. There is difficulty in attributing PM emissions to specific operating modes of a diesel engine, although it is acknowledged that PM production rises dramatically with load and that high PM emissions occur during rapid load increases on turbocharged engines. Snap-acceleration tests generally identify PM associated with rapid transient operating conditions, but not with high load. To quantify the origin of PM during transient engine operation, continuous opacity measurements have been made using a Wager 650CP full flow exhaust opacity meter. Opacity measurements were taken while the vehicles were operated over transient driving cycles on a chassis dynamometer using the West Virginia University (WVU) Transportable Heavy Duty Vehicle Emissions Testing Laboratories. Data were gathered from Detroit Diesel, Cummins, Caterpillar, and Navistar heavy-duty (HD) diesel engines. Driving cycles used were the Central Business District (CBD) cycle, the WVU 5-Peak Truck cycle, the WVU 5-Mile route, and the New York City Bus (NYCB) cycle. Continuous opacity measurements, integrated over the entire driving cycle, were compared to total integrated PM mass. In addition, the truck was subjected to repeat snap-acceleration tests, and PM was collected for a composite of these snap-acceleration tests. Additional data were obtained from a fleet of 1996 New Flyer buses in Flint, MI, equipped with electronically controlled Detroit Diesel Series 50 engines. Again, continuous opacity, regulated gaseous emissions, and PM were measured. The relationship between continuous carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and continuous opacity was noted. In identifying the level of PM emissions in transient diesel engine operation, it is suggested that CO emissions may prove to be a useful indicator and may be used to apportion total PM on a continuous basis over a transient cycle. The projected continuous PM data will prove valuable in future mobile source inventory prediction.
RBF models for detection of human speech in structured noise (2002)

This paper describes research to develop an efficient system that provides a binary decision as to the presence of speech in a short (one to three second) time sample of an acoustic signal. A method which is efficient and reliably detects human speech in the presence of structured noise (such as wind, music, traffic sounds, etc.) is described. There are methods which work well to detect speech in a communications environment, but previous methods can not distinguish speech from quasi-periodic signal that have a spectral power density similar to speech (such as music). Two separate feature sets are evaluated. Reliable detection is obtained down to signal to noise ratios (SNR) as low as 0 dB. The algorithm utilized is a statistical pattern classifier utilizing radial basis function (RBF) networks. Mel-cepstra and wavelet feature vectors are compared. A method of obtaining temporal feature information is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Entropic Graphs for Registration (2005)

In many applications, fusion of images acquired via two or more sensors requires image alignment to an identical pose, a process called image registration.Image registration methods select a sequence of transformations to maximize an image similarity measure.Recently a new class of entropic-graph similarity measures was introduced for image registration, feature clustering and classification.This chapter provides an overview of entropic graphs in image registration and demonstrates their performance advantages relative to conventional similarity measures.In this chapter we introduce : techniques to extend image registration to higher dimension feature spaces using Rényi's generalized «-entropy.The «-entropy is estimated directly through continuous quasi additive power weighted graphs such as the minimal spanning tree (MST) and k-Nearest Neighbor graph (kNN).Entropic graph methods are further used to approximate similarity measures like the « mutual information, «-Jensen divergence, Henze-Penrose affinity and Geometric-Arithmetic mean affinity.These similarity measures offer robust registration benefits in a multisensor environment.Higher dimensional features used for this work include basis functions like multidimensional wavelets and independent component analysis (ICA).Registration is performed on a database of multisensor satellite images.Lastly, we demonstrate the sensitivity of our approach by matching local image regions in a multimodal medical imaging example.
Effects of simulated cochlear-implant processing on speech reception in fluctuating maskers (2003)

This study investigated the effects of simulated cochlear-implant processing on speech reception in a variety of complex masking situations. Speech recognition was measured as a function of target-to-masker ratio, processing condition (4, 8, 24 channels, and unprocessed) and masker type (speech-shaped noise, amplitude-modulated speech-shaped noise, single male talker, and single female talker). The results showed that simulated implant processing was more detrimental to speech reception in fluctuating interference than in steady-state noise. Performance in the 24-channel processing condition was substantially poorer than in the unprocessed condition, despite the comparable representation of the spectral envelope. The detrimental effects of simulated implant processing in fluctuating maskers, even with large numbers of channels, may be due to the reduction in the pitch cues used in sound source segregation, which are normally carried by the peripherally resolved low-frequency harmonics and the temporal fine structure. The results suggest that using steady-state noise to test speech intelligibility may underestimate the difficulties experienced by cochlear-implant users in fluctuating acoustic backgrounds.
Structural health monitoring of multi-spot welded joints using a lead zirconate titanate based active sensing approach (2015)

Failures of spot welded joints directly reduce the load capacity of adjacent structures. Due to their complexity and invisibility, real-time health monitoring of spot welded joints is still a challenge. In this paper, a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based active sensing approach was proposed to monitor the structural health of multi-spot welded joints in real time. In the active sensing approach, one PZT transducer was used as an actuator to generate a guided stress wave, while another one, as a sensor, detected the wave response. Failure of a spot welded joint reduces the stress wave paths and attenuates the wave propagation energy from the actuator to the sensor. A total of four specimens made of dual phase steel with spot welds, including two specimens with 20 mm intervals of spot welded joints and two with 25 mm intervals, were designed and fabricated for this research. Under tensile tests, the spot welded joints successively failed, resulting in the PZT sensor reporting decreased received energy. The energy attenuations due to the failures of joints were clearly observed by the PZT sensor signal in both the time domain and frequency domain. In addition, a wavelet packet-based spot-weld failure indicator was developed to quantitatively evaluate the failure condition corresponding to the number of failed joints.
A low-cost, forming-free WO<inf>x</inf> ReRAM using novel self-aligned photo-induced oxidation (2013)

A novel CMOS compatible photo oxidation (PO) technology is proposed in this paper which, by only using standard DUV photo lithography process, demonstrates a strong oxidation capability to form CMOS compatible WO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> . The oxidation occurs through catalytic chemical reaction during the post exposure baking (PEB) process. Based on this unique PO process, a high performance forming free 1T-1R WO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ReRAM is demonstrated. Furthermore, this PO WO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ReRAM can withstand high temperature baking (@ 250°C) for 30 min thus is suitable for embedded systems that require pre-coding, and automotive and other industrial applications.
A Yeast Platform for the Production of Single-Chain Antibody-Green Fluorescent Protein Fusions (2006)

Fusion proteins comprised of a binding domain and green fluorescent protein (GFP) have the potential to act as one-step binding reagents. In this study, eight single-chain antibodies (scFv) and one single-chain T-cell receptor (scTCR) were secreted as fusions to GFP using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system. Fusion protein secretion levels ranged over 3 orders of magnitude, from 4 microg/liter to 4 mg/liter, and correlated well with the secretion levels of the unfused scFv/scTCR. Three fusion types with various linker lengths and fusion orientations were tested for each scFv/scTCR. Although the fusion protein secretion levels were not significantly affected by the nature of the fusion construct, the properties of the fusion protein were clearly influenced. The fluorescence yield per fusion molecule was increased by separating the scFv/scTCR and GFP with an extended (GGGGS)3 linker, and fusions with scFv/scTCR at the carboxy-terminus were more resistant to degradation. By evaluating leader sequence processing and using GFP fluorescence to track intracellular processing, it was determined that the majority of fusion protein synthesized by the yeast was not secreted and in most cases was accumulating in an immature, although active, endoplasmic-reticulum (ER)-processed form. This contrasted with unfused scFv, which accumulated in both immature ER-processed and mature post-Golgi forms. The results indicated that yeast can be used as an effective host for the secretion of scFv/scTCR-GFP fusion proteins and that as a result of intracellular secretory bottlenecks, there is considerable yeast secretory capacity remaining to be exploited.
An algorithm to estimate the object support in truncated images (2014)

The support recovery algorithm provides a more accurate estimate of the patient outline than thresholded, basic water cylinder extrapolation, and may be preferred in some radiation therapy applications.
Efficacy of Breast Milk Expression Using an Electric Breast Pump (2002)

The authors compared breastfeeding and expression characteristics in 30 mothers of exclusively breastfeeding, healthy term infants. Mean (+/- SD) volume per breastfeed from one breast was 71.8 +/- 26.3 mL, and mean duration per breastfeed for one breast was 16.6 +/- 10.5 minutes. Mean volume of milk expressed in 5 minutes from one breast was 60.6 +/- 39.0 mL and corresponded to the expression of 99.4 +/- 82.6% of the milk stored in the breast. The rate of milk expression differed greatly between mothers (P = .0001) but remained constant for the first 2.5 minutes before decreasing with time (P = .0001). These results show the mean breastfeed volume was similar to the volume of milk expressed in a 5-minute period. Furthermore, this study is the first to establish protocols that allow for the objective determination of breast pump efficacy.
SOIM: a self-organizing invertible map with applications in active vision (1997)

We propose a novel neural network, called the self-organized invertible map (SOIM), that is capable of learning many-to-one functionals mappings in a self-organized and online fashion. The design and performance of the SOIM are highlighted by learning a many-to-one functional mapping that exists in active vision for spatial representation of three-dimensional point targets. The learned spatial representation is invariant to changing camera configurations. The SOIM also possesses an invertible property that can be exploited for active vision. An efficient and experimentally feasible method was devised for learning this representation on a real active vision system. The proof of convergence during learning as well as conditions for invariance of the learned spatial representation are derived and then experimentally verified using the active vision system. We also demonstrate various active vision applications that benefit from the properties of the mapping learned by SOIM.
Modified silicone–PVDF composite hollow‐fiber membrane preparation and its application in VOC separation (2005)

Abstract Polydimethylsiloxane vi –poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PDMS vi –PVDF) composite membranes were prepared using asymmetric PVDF hollow‐fiber membranes as the substrate where a very thin layer of silicone‐based coating material was deposited via a developed dip coating method. The preparation of the composite membranes under various conditions were investigated. In the optimal coating procedure, homogenous and stable oligo‐PDMS vi coating layers as thin as 1–2 μm were successfully deposited on the surface of PVDF membranes. The developed PDMS vi –PVDF composite membranes were applied for separation of a wide variety of volatile organic compounds (benzene, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, and toluene). The results showed that the PDMS vi –PVDF hollow‐fiber composite membranes that had been developed exhibited very high removal efficiency (>96%) for all the VOCs examined under favorable operating conditions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Using Semantics for Query Derivability in Data Warehouse Applications (2001)

Materialized summary tables and cached query results are frequently used for the optimization of aggregate queries in a data warehouse. Query rewriting techniques are incorporated into database systems to use those materialized views and thus avoid accessing the possibly huge raw data. A rewriting is only possible if the query is derivable from these views. Several approaches can be found in the literature to check the derivability and find query rewritings. However, most algorithms either find rewritings only in very restricted cases or in complex cases which rarely occur in data warehouse environments. The specific application scenario of a data warehouse with its multidimensional perspective allows the consideration of much more semantic information, e.g. structural dependencies within the dimension hierarchies and different characteristics of measures. The motivation of this article is to use this information to present simple conditions for derivability in a large number of relevant cases which go beyond previous approaches.
Incidence of drug-induced hepatic injuries: A French population-based study (2002)

The incidence of hepatic adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remains unknown in the general population. The goal of this population-based study was to assess the incidence and seriousness of hepatic ADRs. All new cases of symptomatic drug-induced hepatic injuries were collected by 139 trained physicians (general practitioners [GPs] and specialists) between November 1997 and November 2000 in an area containing 81,301 inhabitants who could not go elsewhere for medical care. Over 3 years, 34 cases of hepatic ADRs were collected, 82% of them in outpatients. Global crude annual incidence rate was 13.9 +/- 2.4 per 100,000 inhabitants; corresponding standardized annual global rate was 8.1 +/- 1.5. There was no difference between urban and rural areas. Standardized incidence female/male ratio was 0.86 (0.26-2.90) until 49 years of age and 2.62 (1.00-6.92) after this age. Diagnosis was carried out by GPs in half of the cases. The outcome was recovery for 32 patients and death for 2. The main drugs implicated were anti-infectious, psychotropic, hypolipidemic agents, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Our results suggest that the number of hepatic ADRs in the French population would be 16 times greater than the number noted by spontaneous reporting to French regulatory authorities. In conclusion, the incidence and seriousness of drug-induced hepatitis are largely underestimated in the general population. These results may be useful for further evaluation of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
Resveratrol Preserves Mitochondrial Function, Stimulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Regulatory T Cells of Mice Fed a High‐Fat Diet (2014)

Consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) is related with increased oxidative stress and dysfunctional mitochondria in many organs. The effects of resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) that can protect T lymphocytes in various disease conditions on the HFD-induced apoptosis of CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(low/-) regulatory T cells (Tregs) were studied, and the possible mechanism was postulated. Resveratrol significantly decreased Tregs death induced by 20-wk HFD, being associated with the reduction of reactive oxygen species production and the alleviation of HFD-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) in Tregs. Furthermore, resveratrol increased the expression of factors that regulated mitochondrial biogenesis in Tregs. Finally, resveratrol recovered the HFD-induced activation of apoptotic markers in Tregs. Resveratrol protected Tregs against HFD-induced apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress, restoring mitochondrial functional activities, and stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis.
OptiVeo: A Vision-Based Platform for Driving Assistance (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Most of the Driving Assistance functions require sensors that are looking ahead of the vehicle. Among these sensors, cameras, already providing Lane Departure Warning and Night Vision, will play a major role. Since it won't be possible to multiply the number of sensors located behind the windscreen, it is then crucial to perform with cameras as many detections as possible. We describe in this paper some algorithmic methods for performing camera based tunnel and fog detection.</div>
Coil-system design for production of uniform magnetic fields (1976)

A method is described for designing coil systems producing Chebyshev equal-ripple variation of the axial magnetic field. The off-axis fields of such systems are investigated, and they are found to have advantages over the usual systems for generating uniform fields when a field is required that is uniform within an ellipsoidal, rather than a spherical, volume.
Genomic diversity of 2010 Haitian cholera outbreak strains (2012)

The millions of deaths from cholera during the past 200 y, coupled with the morbidity and mortality of cholera in Haiti since October 2010, are grim reminders that Vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of cholera, remains a scourge. We report the isolation of both V. cholerae O1 and non-O1/O139 early in the Haiti cholera epidemic from samples collected from victims in 18 towns across eight Arrondissements of Haiti. The results showed two distinct populations of V. cholerae coexisted in Haiti early in the epidemic. As non-O1/O139 V. cholerae was the sole pathogen isolated from 21% of the clinical specimens, its role in this epidemic, either alone or in concert with V. cholerae O1, cannot be dismissed. A genomic approach was used to examine similarities and differences among the Haitian V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae non-O1/O139 strains. A total of 47 V. cholerae O1 and 29 V. cholerae non-O1/O139 isolates from patients and the environment were sequenced. Comparative genome analyses of the 76 genomes and eight reference strains of V. cholerae isolated in concurrent epidemics outside Haiti and 27 V. cholerae genomes available in the public database demonstrated substantial diversity of V. cholerae and ongoing flux within its genome.