gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Bisbenzocyclobutene High-Temperature Resin and Bisbenzocyclobutene Blended with a Compatible Bismaleimide Resin (1988)

Cured Bisbenzocyclobutene (BCB) terminated resin systems exhibit good mechanical properties with 70% to 85% retention of properties at 260°C and high thermal stability. The Materials Laboratory has studied these materials for use as high temperature structural matrix resins in composites. They are well suited for this use since they do not require the use of catalysts and cure without the evolution of volatiles. The samples studied were a BCB terminated aromatic imide oligomer and a BCB terminated imide monomer blended with a compatible bismaleimide (BMI) resin. Neat properties studied on both resin systems included the thermal and rheological properties of the uncured specimens subsequently used to determine appropriate cure conditions. Thermal and mechanical properties of the cured materials are also discussed.
Enhanced leaf photosynthesis as a target to increase grain yield: insights from transgenic rice lines with variable Rieske FeS protein content in the cytochrome <i>b</i><sub>6</sub>/<i>f</i> complex (2015)

Although photosynthesis is the most important source for biomass and grain yield, a lack of correlation between photosynthesis and plant yield among different genotypes of various crop species has been frequently observed. Such observations contribute to the ongoing debate whether enhancing leaf photosynthesis can improve yield potential. Here, transgenic rice plants that contain variable amounts of the Rieske FeS protein in the cytochrome (cyt) b6 /f complex between 10 and 100% of wild-type levels have been used to investigate the effect of reductions of these proteins on photosynthesis, plant growth and yield. Reductions of the cyt b6 /f complex did not affect the electron transport rates through photosystem I but decreased electron transport rates through photosystem II, leading to concomitant decreases in CO2 assimilation rates. There was a strong control of plant growth and grain yield by the rate of leaf photosynthesis, leading to the conclusion that enhancing photosynthesis at the single-leaf level would be a useful target for improving crop productivity and yield both via conventional breeding and biotechnology. The data here also suggest that changing photosynthetic electron transport rates via manipulation of the cyt b6 /f complex could be a potential target for enhancing photosynthetic capacity in higher plants.
Using a Mobile Device “App” and Proximal Remote Sensing Technologies to Assess Soil Cover Fractions on Agricultural Fields (2018)

Quantifying the amount of crop residue left in the field after harvest is a key issue for sustainability. Conventional assessment approaches (e.g., line-transect) are labor intensive, time-consuming and costly. Many proximal remote sensing devices and systems have been developed for agricultural applications such as cover crop and residue mapping. For instance, current mobile devices (smartphones & tablets) are usually equipped with digital cameras and global positioning systems and use applications (apps) for in-field data collection and analysis. In this study, we assess the feasibility and strength of a mobile device app developed to estimate crop residue cover. The performance of this novel technique (from here on referred to as "app" method) was compared against two point counting approaches: an established digital photograph-grid method and a new automated residue counting script developed in MATLAB at the University of Guelph. Both photograph-grid and script methods were used to count residue under 100 grid points. Residue percent cover was estimated using the app, script and photograph-grid methods on 54 vertical digital photographs (images of the ground taken from above at a height of 1.5 m) collected from eighteen fields (9 corn and 9 soybean, 3 samples each) located in southern Ontario. Results showed that residue estimates from the app method were in good agreement with those obtained from both photograph-grid and script methods (R² = 0.86 and 0.84, respectively). This study has found that the app underestimates the residue coverage by -6.3% and -10.8% when compared to the photograph-grid and script methods, respectively. With regards to residue type, soybean has a slightly lower bias than corn (i.e., -5.3% vs. -7.4%). For photos with residue <30%, the app derived residue measurements are within ±5% difference (bias) of both photograph-grid- and script-derived residue measurements. These methods could therefore be used to track the recommended minimum soil residue cover of 30%, implemented to reduce farmland topsoil and nutrient losses that impact water quality. Overall, the app method was found to be a good alternative to the point counting methods, which are more time-consuming.
Zero voltage soft-commutation PWM DC-DC converter with saturable reactor switch-cascaded diode rectifier (1998)

An improved single-ended push-pull (SEPP) half-bridge type zero-voltage soft-switching pulse width modulation (ZVS-PWM) DC-DC power converter is presented in this paper, which makes use of a saturable reactor-assisted lossless capacitor type zero voltage soft-switching method. The SEPP power converter with a high-frequency forward and flyback hybrid transformer link has some advantages such as lowered switching and conduction losses, soft-switching transition operation over a wide load range, constant frequency PWM regulation and minimized Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) as well as Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) noises. Its operating principle is illustrated and its periodic steady-state circuit analysis is implemented. In order to demonstrate the remarkable effectiveness of this converter's characteristics, feasibility experiments are conducted with a 150 W/200 kHz prototype of a high-frequency link ZVS-PWM DC-DC converter using power MOSFETs with an ultrafast soft-recovery diode.
New and emerging targeted therapies for cystic fibrosis (2016)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic autosomal recessive disorder that affects about 70,000 people worldwide. The clinical manifestations of the disease are caused by defects in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The discovery of the CFTR gene in 1989 has led to a sophisticated understanding of how thousands of mutations in the CFTR gene affect the structure and function of the CFTR protein. Much progress has been made over the past decade with the development of orally bioavailable small molecule drugs that target defective CFTR proteins caused by specific mutations. Furthermore, there is considerable optimism about the prospect of gene replacement or editing therapies to correct all mutations in cystic fibrosis. The recent approvals of ivacaftor and lumacaftor represent the genesis of a new era of precision medicine in the treatment of this condition. These drugs are having a positive impact on the lives of people with cystic fibrosis and are potentially disease modifying. This review provides an update on advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the CFTR, with a focus on state of the art targeted drugs that are in development.
Translation of mRNAs for subunits of chloroplast coupling factor 1 in spinach (1982)

The chloroplast coupling factor 1 consists of five nonidentical subunits, three of which (alpha, beta, and epsilon subunits) have been shown in several laboratories to be synthesized within chloroplasts. The site of synthesis of the remaining two (gamma and delta subunits) was investigated by analyzing products directed by spinach leaf RNAs in wheat germ and reticulocyte translation systems in vitro. It was found that poly(A)(+) RNA directs the synthesis of two distinct polypeptides, one of which is immunochemically related to the gamma subunit but is 4,000 daltons larger. The other shares antigenic sites with the delta subunit but is 8,000 daltons larger. When wheat germ or reticulocyte translation systems were programmed with RNAs from purified chloroplasts, the only products related to CF(1) that we could detect were a putative precursor of beta, 2,000 daltons larger than the mature subunit, and some smaller polypeptides, which appear to be incomplete translation products of beta. From these results it appears likely that the gamma and delta subunits are synthesized in the cytoplasm as larger precursors and that beta is synthesized within the chloroplast as a precursor.
Eye-gaze interaction for mobile phones (2007)

In this paper, we discuss the use of eye-gaze tracking technology for mobile phones. In particular we investigate how gaze interaction can be used to control applications on handheld devices. In contrast to eye-tracking systems for desktop computers, mobile devices imply several problems like the intensity of light for outdoor use and calibration issues. Therefore, we compared two different approaches for controlling mobile phones with the eyes: standard eye-gaze interaction based on the dwell-time method and gaze gestures. Gaze gestures are a new concept, which we think has the potential to overcome many of these problems. We conducted a user study to see whether people are able to interact with applications using these approaches. The results confirm that eye-gaze interaction for mobile phones is attractive for the users and that the gaze gestures are an alternative method for eye-gaze based interaction.
The multigenic family of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol synthases (2000)

Because the synthesis of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is unique to plants, identified as an important marker of the plastid envelope, involved in a key step of plastid biogenesis and is the most abundant lipid on earth, MGDG synthase activity was extensively analysed at the biochemical and physiological levels. In the present paper, we present our current knowledge on the MGDG synthase's function, structure and topology in envelope membranes, and discuss possible roles in plant cell glycerolipid metabolism. The recent discovery of a multigenic family of MGDG synthases raised the possibility that multiple isoenzymes might carry out MGDG synthesis in various tissues and developmental stages.
Requirements for growth of human erythroid progenitors in nutrient agar (1983)

Human erythroid bursts and neutrophil colonies from fetal liver, term cord blood, and adult bone marrow were grown in nutrient agar, and the colonies were scored using a fixed whole plate method. Human placental conditioned medium was shown to contain burst promoting activity, and low oxygen tension markedly enhanced growth of erythroid bursts. Morphological analysis of colonies showed that eosinophil colonies were more numerous in bone marrow than fetal liver and conversely macrophage and neutrophil-macrophage colonies were more numerous in fetal liver. Erythroid bursts were more numerous and larger in fetal liver. Human fetal liver cells do not produce endogenous colony-stimulating factor.
Clinical Issues in the Prophylaxis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Anthrax (2002)

On November 18, 2001, a meeting was held at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, to discuss the prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment of anthrax.Participants included clinicians and health department personnel from areas where anthrax cases were identified, infectious disease experts, representatives of professional societies, and experts from federal agencies.A patient recovering from inhalational anthrax also described her illness.The following is a summary of the presentations and discussion. Prophylaxis 1Ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, and penicillin G procaine have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prophylaxis of inhalational Bacillus anthracis infection, on the basis of efficacy data in monkeys and pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety considerations (1-3).During the recent bioterrorist attacks, interim CDC recommendations for anthrax prophylaxis include ciprofloxacin or doxycycline; amoxicillin (in three daily doses) is an option for children and pregnant or lactating women exposed to strains susceptible to penicillin (4-6), to avoid potential toxicity of quinolones and tetracyclines.Amoxicillin is not widely recommended as a firstline prophylactic agent, however, because of lack of FDA approval, lack of data regarding efficacy, and uncertainty about the drug's ability to
Controllable synthesis of high loading LiFePO 4 /C nanocomposites using bimodal mesoporous carbon as support for high power Li-ion battery cathodes (2013)

Mesoporous LiFePO4/C composites containing 80 wt% of highly dispersed LiFePO4 nanoparticles(4-6 nm) were fabricated using bimodal mesoporous carbon(BMC) as continuous conductive networks. The unique pore structure of BMC not only promises good particle connectivity for LiFePO4, but also acts as a rigid nano-confinement support that controls the particle size. Furthermore, the capacities were investigated respectively based on the weight of LiFePO4 and the whole composite. When calculated based on the weight of the whole composite, it is 120 mAh·g-1at 0.1 C of the high loading electrode and 42 mAh·g-1at 10 C of the low loading electrode. The electrochemical performance shows that high LiFePO4 loading benefits large tap density and contributes to the energy storage at low rates, while the electrode with low content of LiFePO4 displays superior high rate performance, which can mainly be due to the small particle size, good dispersion and high utilization of the active material, thus leading to a fast ion and electron diffusion.
Mobile robots with active IR-optical sensing for remote gas detection and source localization (2009)

While other robots use in-situ measurements for gas leak detection and localization, we propose to apply remote sensing. It is easier and safer to conduct, permits rapid scans and is applicable to leak sources high up. An IR-optical sensor is used, exploiting spectral absorption effects of gases. Tailored leak detection and localization strategies are proposed. A simulation environment with a 3D model of the gas concentration field is used for developing and testing the detection and localization strategies. The system performance is demonstrated in a case study with a chemical plant.
Joint Polarization Tracking and Equalization in Real-Time Coherent Optical Receiver (2019)

We experimentally demonstrate a real-time polarization tracking and equalization method based on the state of polarization detection from the adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter coefficients in a polarization division multiplexed (PDM) coherent optical communication system. By calculating the variation of the polarization within a time interval, the polarization rotation speed can be evaluated. In a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a feedback structure for polarization rotation speed detection and FIR coefficients update can be built up. In this feedback structure, the update coefficient of the filter will be adjusted to an optimal value with the change of detection result. The experimental results show that the establishment of this feedback structure improves the polarization tracking ability in the real-time coherent optical receiver.
Análisis comparativo del efecto de isla térmica de la ciudad de Valencia con imágenes TM, MUST y AVHRR (2000)

Las ciudades poseen una estructura térmica muy particular, con un gradiente de temperaturas apreciable entre el centro y los alrededores que generalmente se establece en regiones concéntricas. Este fenómeno se conoce como "efecto de isla térmica". La Teledetección espacial puede constituir una potente herramienta para su análisis, pues proporciona una visión sinóptica del campo de temperaturas. En este trabajo abordamos la influencia que la resolución espacial y espectral pueden tener en la detección y el seguimiento del efecto de isla térmica, mediante datos de los instrumentos TM, MUST y AVHRR sobre una ciudad de tamaño medio como Valencia.
Harry E. Burke 1878–1963 (1964)

Journal Article Harry E. Burke 1878–1963 Get access Charles B. Eaton, Charles B. Eaton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. P. Keen F. P. Keen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 57, Issue 4, 1 August 1964, Pages 613–615, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/57.4.613 Published: 01 August 1964
Incursions of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus into Europe between 1985 and 2006 (2008)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the biggest threats to animal health in European countries. In the last 22 years (1985-2006), FMD has occurred 37 times in 14 European countries. Serotype O was most frequently involved in these outbreaks followed by A, C and Asia 1. Sometimes, epidemics were very limited and at other times, they were the cause of devastating economic losses. In most cases (22/37), the origin of the outbreaks could not be determined. For some of these outbreaks, however, routes of introduction and spread were identified through epidemiological inquiries. Moreover, in some cases, the origin of the virus was also traced by phylogenetic analysis of the partial or complete sequences of VP1 genes. Lessons learned from the outbreaks are still useful as most of the same risk factors persist. However, efforts made by FMD-free countries to help those where the disease is endemic are a valuable strategy for the reduction of the global risk. The present and the future potential sources of FMD infection need to be identified to best focus European efforts.
Superoxide-mediated activation of uncoupling protein 2 causes pancreatic β cell dysfunction (2003)

Failure to secrete adequate amounts of insulin in response to increasing concentrations of glucose is an important feature of type 2 diabetes. The mechanism for loss of glucose responsiveness is unknown. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), by virtue of its mitochondrial proton leak activity and consequent negative effect on ATP production, impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Of interest, it has recently been shown that superoxide, when added to isolated mitochondria, activates UCP2-mediated proton leak. Since obesity and chronic hyperglycemia increase mitochondrial superoxide production, as well as UCP2 expression in pancreatic β cells, a superoxide-UCP2 pathway could contribute importantly to obesity- and hyperglycemia-induced β cell dysfunction. This study demonstrates that endogenously produced mitochondrial superoxide activates UCP2-mediated proton leak, thus lowering ATP levels and impairing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Furthermore, hyperglycemia- and obesity-induced loss of glucose responsiveness is prevented by reduction of mitochondrial superoxide production or gene knockout of UCP2. Importantly, reduction of superoxide has no beneficial effect in the absence of UCP2, and superoxide levels are increased further in the absence of UCP2, demonstrating that the adverse effects of superoxide on β cell glucose sensing are caused by activation of UCP2. Therefore, superoxide-mediated activation of UCP2 could play an important role in the pathogenesis of β cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes.
Geometrically induced dose correction method for e-beam lithography applications (2010)

The e-beam lithography is faced with increasing challenges to achieve a satisfying patterning of structures with critical dimensions of about 32 nm or below. The reason for this issue is the unavoidable blurring of the deposited e-beam energy due to beam blur, electron scattering (forward and backward), and resist effects. The distribution of the finally deposited dose differs from the dose weighted geometry of the printed layout. In general, the finally deposited dose is described as convolution of the layout with a process specific proximity function being a model for the unavoidable blurring. This process proximity function (PPF) is often approximated by a superposition of two or more Gaussian functions. Thus, the electron forward scattering and resist effects, being most critical to the pattern fidelity, are often described altogether by the so called alpha-parameter of the PPF. Due to these physical reasons, when the desired critical dimension of a structure is near or below the alpha-parameter of the PPF, it may be just impossible to print the structure because of the vanishing image contrast due to the blurring. It was shown by means of the simulation feature of the ePLACE data prep package that in this situation a modification of both the geometry and the dose assignment of the shapes will significantly increase the contrast of the deposited energy and thus, even preserve the printability of critical structures. This geometrically induced dose correction (GIDC) method is implemented in the ePLACE package. The simulation results for test structures are now validated by exposures of test patterns and its results clearly establish the practical advantage of the new method. In this paper we will publish the results of the related exposures - done on Vistec SB3050 series shaped e-beam writers - demonstrating the practical importance of the GIDC method for layouts with critical dimensions of 32 nm and below.
Using Java: input and output streams (1999)

Input and output are clearly important parts of any languages. In fact it is very likely that one of the first features of any new languages that a practitioner learns is how to do IO. An example of this is the well-konwn Hello World example, which relies on being able to pipe the characters to an output Further, the ability to perform IO is a crucial part of a serious debugging effort. The ubiquitous print is probably the first debugging tool that programmers use. In Java, all IO is accomplished using streams. The applications creates a stream (which is not unlike a UNIX file descriptor) and then performs operations on the contents of the stream. This article is a short tutorial on streams - the basis for IO in Java.
Hepatic Regeneration: Current Concepts and Clinical Implications (1994)

Liver regeneration occurs as a result of hepatic tissue loss or injury. The process of liver regeneration is carefully regulated in a controlled biologic scheme with closely interactive relationships between hormones, free neurotransmitters, and nutrients; protooncogenes; and polypeptide and glycolipid growth factors. These relationships are now being studied at the molecular and cellular levels and attempts are being made to reconstruct the complete intricate process. Although significant breakthroughs have occurred in understanding the effects and regulation of several subsystems (such as insulin and its receptors; TGF-alpha and TGF-beta; HGF and its receptors), the integral process remains a mystery. Improved comprehension of the regeneration process will lead to rational treatment algorithms for now dreaded hepatic diseases.
Hyper-responsiveness to stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus-infected CD4+ T cells requires Nef and Tat virus gene products and results from higher NFAT, NF-κB, and AP-1 induction. Vol. 279 (2004) 39520–39531 (2005)

Page 39522, under “Materials and Methods”: Under the section dealing with “Plasmids and Antibodies,” the molecular clone NL4-3-GFP was misnamed and its source was not fully acknowledged. The following sentence “The NL4-3-GFP molecular clone contains the green fluorescent protein gene and an internal ribosome entry site inserted upstream from the Nef gene in the NL4-3 clone” should be replaced by “The NLENG1-IRES molecular clone, a generous gift from Dr. D. N. Levy (University of Alabama at Birmingham), contains the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene and an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) inserted upstream from the Nef gene in the NL4-3 clone without removing any viral sequences (30).”