gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of immunomodulation on peripheral T cell subsets. (1982)

Monoclonal antibody assays were employed to monitor modifications induced in human peripheral lymphocyte subsets by thymectomy or the administration of a series of immunomodulating drugs: synthetic thymic factor, cimetidine or various combinations of anti-thymocyte globulin, azathioprine and steroids. In patients with myasthenia gravis, thymectomy produced a gradual progressive decrease in the elevated OKT4/OKT8 ratios associated with this disease until normal ratios were achieved after one year. Administration of synthetic thymic factor to three immunodeficient children for one month produced increased serum IgA levels accompanied by a normalization of proportions of total T cells and T cell subsets. Four of five uremic patients receiving cimetidine exhibited a marked increase in the percentage of OKT8+ T cells observed in subsequent blood samples with a concomitant increase in immature (OKT4+, OKT8+) lymphocytes that suggested an increase in release of such lymphocytes from the thymus. Assessment of 29 longterm renal allograft recipients by repeated T cell monitoring over an extended period of time confirmed the findings of other investigators that an increase in the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio was predictive of subsequent allograft rejection episodes while subnormal OKT4+/OKT8+ ratios were indicative of possible cytomegalovirus or herpes virus infections.
Bidding strategies optimization for the online video ad spot market (2011)

Tidal TV is an online video advertising, optimization, and yield management solutions provider. Their current business strategy includes purchasing online video advertising inventory from content providers and delivering ads to their clients, using demographic targeting to maximize value. The problem is to develop, test, and simulate the best bidding strategies for both second price and first price auctions and then to identify the tradeoffs of using the optimized strategies over current existing strategies. Tidal TV will then incorporate learning from this exercise to further develop strategies to bid for online video ads.
THE SYNTHESIS OF ACETALS AND KETALS OF THE REDUCED SUGAR MANNOSE AS FUEL SYSTEM ICING INHIBITORS. (1997)

ABSTRACT The current fuel system icing inhibitor additives used in both the military and commercial airlines are ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DiEGME)These deicing compounds are toxic at the concentrations that are required for effective deicing. When fuel system sumps, filters and storage tanks are drained, they contain EGME/DiEGME and create a personnel hazard. Acetals and ketals of reduced sugars represent viable alternatives to glycol based additives. They are inexpensive, fuel stable for at least one year and show similar icing inhibitor characteristics. This paper summarizes the synthesis and fuel studies for these compounds.
Tart cherry in amelioration of pain in the elderly (2015)

BACKGROUND: Tart cherry, rich in bioactive polyphenols, has received attention in the past decade for reported health benefits due to its high polyphenolic content. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a potential role for tart cherry or its isolated components in amelioration of pain relief in chronic diseases that may affect the elderly. METHODS: In vitro and in vivo human and animal studies that utilized tart cherry or extracts of tart cherry compounds to determine an effect on oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle damage, and pain were reviewed and summarized (Table RESULTS: Tart cherry and its isolated compounds have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo which may improve self-reported pain. In humans, these include modest improvements in gout flare incidents, and self-reported pain in fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis (OA), and conditions of induced oxidative stress and muscle damage. Beneficial biochemical changes were also reported for inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers such as serum urate, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, most studies reported to date have insufficient sample size, treatment duration, and statistical power to draw any firm conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of tart cherries and their bioactive constituents may be a potential novel therapy for reducing the pain associated with chronic diseases particularly common to an aged population. Larger, more rigorous trials are needed to reach any firm conclusions.
Mutations in <scp>PDGFRB</scp> and <scp>NOTCH3</scp> are the first genetic causes identified for autosomal dominant infantile myofibromatosis (2013)

A recurrent PDGFRB mutation causes familial infantile myofibromatosis Cheung et al. (2013) The American Journal of Human Genetics 92: 996–1000. Mutations in PDGFRB cause autosomal‐dominant infantile myofibromatosis Martignetti et al. (2013) The American Journal of Human Genetics 92: 1001–1007.
Selective Enrichment Media Bias the Types of Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated from Mixed Strain Cultures and Complex Enrichment Broths (2012)

For foodborne outbreak investigations it can be difficult to isolate the relevant strain from food and/or environmental sources. If the sample is contaminated by more than one strain of the pathogen the relevant strain might be missed. In this study mixed cultures of Salmonella enterica were grown in one set of standard enrichment media to see if culture bias patterns emerged. Nineteen strains representing four serogroups and ten serotypes were compared in four-strain mixtures in Salmonella-only and in cattle fecal culture enrichment backgrounds using Salmonella enrichment media. One or more strain(s) emerged as dominant in each mixture. No serotype was most fit, but strains of serogroups C2 and E were more likely to dominate enrichment culture mixtures than strains of serogroups B or C1. Different versions of Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) medium gave different patterns of strain dominance in both Salmonella-only and fecal enrichment culture backgrounds. The fittest strains belonged to serogroups C1, C2, and E, and included strains of S. Infantis, S. Thompson S. Newport, S. 6,8:d:-, and S. Give. Strains of serogroup B, which included serotypes often seen in outbreaks such as S. Typhimurium, S. Saintpaul, and S. Schwarzengrund were less likely to emerge as dominant strains in the mixtures when using standard RV as part of the enrichment. Using a more nutrient-rich version of RV as part of the protocol led to a different pattern of strains emerging, however some were still present in very low numbers in the resulting population. These results indicate that outbreak investigations of food and/or other environmental samples should include multiple enrichment protocols to ensure isolation of target strains of Salmonella.
The Acid-catalyzed Reactions of 4-Chromanones with Formaldehyde (1979)

Abstract The reactions of several methyl substituted 4-chromanones, such as 4-chromanone (1a), 6-(1b), and 8-methyl-(1c), as well as 5,7-(1d) and 6,8-dimethyl-4-chromanone(1e) with formaldehyde were carried out in dioxane or mixed solutions of acetic acid and benzene or cyclohexane in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The reactions involved an aldol condensation analogous to the Prins reaction, affording acetoxymethyl derivatives and 1,3-dioxanes. It was found that the formation of products was strongly influenced by the substituents on the 4-chromanones and solvents. In a mixed solution of acetic acid and benzene, 1b and 1e gave acetoxymethyl derivatives and 1,3-dioxanes, 1a and 1c only 1,3-dioxanes, and 1d a resinous substance. In a dioxane solution, 1b and 1e gave 1,3-dioxanes, while 1c gave a polymer. Bromination of 1e in 35 and 96% sulfuric acids gave 3- and 5-bromo-6,8-dimethyl-4-chromanones, respectively. The acid-catalyzed reactions were compared with those in 96% sulfuric acid on the basis of the duterium exchange rates of 4-chromanones.
[Mo<sub>154</sub>(NO)<sub>14</sub>O<sub>420</sub>(OH)<sub>28</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>70</sub>]<sup>(25 ± 5)−</sup>: A Water‐Soluble Big Wheel with More than 700 Atoms and a Relative Molecular Mass of About 24000 (1995)

Complex clusters the size of small proteins can be generated in reduced molybdate solutions by linking defined fragments. An example of this is the giant cluster (NH 4 ) 25±5 [Mo 154 (NO) 14 O 420 (OH) 28 (H 2 O) 70 ]·ca. 350 H 2 O with a molar mass of more than 30000 gmol −1 , the anion of which is shaped like a tire with a nanodimensional cavity more than 20 Å in diameter and has an extremely large inner and outer surface as well as a large number of mobile electrons.
Facile synthesis of new NLO‐functionalized polyimides via Mitsunobu reaction (1999)

Three polyimides containing a nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophore were prepared through a new synthetic pathway. Coupling of dihydroxy and diimide compounds yielded the polyimide. Due to the mild conditions of polymerization, a chemically labile hemicyanine dye could be incorporated in the polyimide backbone successfully. The molecular weights of the polyimides obtained ranged from 8200 to 14 400, and the glass transitions occurred between 135 °C and 198 °C. The second-order NLO properties were characterized by using the second harmonic generation (SHG) technique. The second-order NLO coefficients (χ (2) ) of the polyimides were 82 pm V –1 and 122 pm V –1 with reference to quartz crystal, and the nonlinearity of those polymers was stable at 100 °C without large loss.
Efficient <i>N×N</i> star coupler based on Fourier optics (1988)

A technique for constructing an efficient N × N star coupler suitable for mass production in integrated form for large N at optical frequencies is discussed. The coupler can be realised using Si technology by means of two arrays of strip waveguides and a dielectric slab formed on a glass substrate. Power transfer between the two arrays is accomplished through radiation in the dielectric slab with theoretical efficiency exceeding 30% under optimised conditions.
Very Low-pressure Hydrocephalus: A New Clinical Entity and Issues of Treatment (2011)

Secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) frequently occurs after severe head injury and cerebrovascular disease. This condition is usually treated by surgically implanting a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt with a pressure-setting valve or programmable valve. However, some patients do not respond to the shunt operation. Among these non-responders, we found 7 patients whose pressure-setting shunts were mechanically patent, but were not functioning due to very low intracranial pressure (ICP). In these 7 cases, continuous ICP monitoring indicated low pressure with occasional negative pressure, and the patients' consciousness improved during negative-pressure CSF drainage. We performed shunt revisions with zero setting on-off valves, which raised the mean functional independence measure (FIM) scores from 26 to 62. Four patients in a persistent vegetative state (PVS) regained their ability to communicate and recovered to the level of severely disabled (SD). We propose very low-pressure hydrocephalus (VLPH) as a new clinical entity, and describe the process of diagnosis and treatment.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE14 gene is required for COOH-terminal methylation of a-factor mating pheromone (1990)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae a-factor is a dodecapeptide pheromone in which the carboxyl group of the COOH-terminal cysteine residue is methyl-esterified and the sulfhydryl side chain is conjugated in thioether linkage to a farnesyl moiety. We found that MAT a ste14 mutant cells secreted a biologically inactive form of a-factor which had more hydrophilic character than the wild-type pheromone. The authentic pheromone could be metabolically labeled with [methyl-3H]methionine, and the resulting COOH-terminal methyl ester could be removed by mild alkaline hydrolysis. In contrast, a-factor secreted by ste14 mutants did not incorporate a base-labile 3H-methyl moiety. Base treatment converted the normal pheromone into a form which was biologically inactive and which comigrated with the ste14 form of the peptide upon thin-layer chromatography. These results indicate that STE14 gene function is required for COOH-terminal methylation of a-factor.
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum specimens using one-tube nested PCR. (2001)

One-tube nested PCR was developed for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis using sequences based on thel6SrRNA gene. The usage of primers 16SOL, 16SOR, 16SIL and 16SIR with optimized conditions could detect 555 bp DNA band from 21 species, 41 strains of mycobacteria and one isolate of Nocardia asteroides. It also revealed a specific 306 bp DNA band from 59 strains of M. tuberculosis complex. Cross amplification was observed in M. marinum, M. ulcerans and a few isolates of M. fortuitum complex. The developed method could detect as little as 100 fg of M. tuberculosis DNA. The PCR mixtures could be stored at 0 degrees C for 2 months or at -20 degrees C for at least 20 months without decrease in sensitivity. Using one-tube nested PCR for detection of M. tuberculosis compared with acid fast staining and culture results from 153 sputum specimens revealed 88.6% sensitivity and 89.2% specificity in smear positive specimens and 93.2% sensitivity and 85.0% specificity in culture positive specimens.
Graphitization of n-type polycrystalline silicon carbide for on-chip supercapacitor application (2011)

Synthesis of silicon carbide-derived carbon films with excellent supercapacitor characteristics is demonstrated by a process that is fully compatible with standard microfabrication technology. NiTi alloy deposited on nitrogen-doped polycrystalline SiC films is shown to result in the growth of a rough, porous, high conductivity, nanocrystalline graphitic carbon film upon rapid thermal annealing to 1050 °C. Electrodes fabricated in this manner exhibit high charge/discharge rates with a time constant of about 0.062 s. Analysis shows that the incorporated nitrogen in the carbon electrode may induce pseudo-capacitance, and the electrodes exhibit the capacitance/area values comparable to those reported on carbon nanotube-based supercapacitors.
Akt-Dependent and -Independent Survival Signaling Pathways Utilized by Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (1998)

Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt is implicated in survival signaling in a wide variety of cells including fibroblasts and epithelial and neuronal cells. We and others have described a linear survival signaling cascade used by insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) that consists of the IGF-I receptor, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 kinase), Akt, and Bad. Activation of this pathway can be sufficient to protect cells from apoptosis. However, previous work had not determined whether this pathway is invariably necessary for protection from apoptosis or whether there are alternative survival signaling pathways. In this communication, we report the existence of two survival signaling pathways, one dependent on PI3 kinase and Akt and the other independent of these enzymes. We found that survival signaling initiated by IGF-I treatment of Rat-1 cells could be blocked by overexpression of a dominant negative kinase-deficient Akt (K179A) as well as by wortmannin. This demonstrates a survival signaling pathway dependent on PI3 kinase and Akt. However, when IGF-I receptors were overexpressed in a Rat-1 background (RIG cells), an alternative pathway became apparent, in which survival mediated by IGF-I was no longer sensitive to wortmannin or to overexpression of dominant negative Akt, even though Akt activation and Bad phosphorylation were still wortmannin sensitive. Experiments with inhibitors of RNA synthesis showed that transcriptional activation is dispensable for this alternative PI3 kinase/Akt-independent survival signaling. These findings demonstrate the existence of a new survival signaling pathway independent of PI3 kinase, Akt, and new transcription and which is evident in fibroblasts overexpressing the IGF-I receptor.
Secretions of <i>Bifidobacterium infantis</i> and <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> Protect Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function (2016)

BCM and LCM protected the intestinal barrier against IL-1β stimulation by normalizing the protein expression of occludin and claudin-1 and preventing IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation in Caco-2 cells, which may be partly responsible for the preservation of intestinal permeability.
Chlorinated polyolefins for asphalt binder modification (1994)

Abstract The benefits obtained from the addition of small quantities of chlorinated polyolefins to paving grade asphalt binders were investigated. A chlorinated polyethylene plastomer, Tyrin 2552, and a chlorinated olefinic elastomer, Tyrin CM0730, were added to asphalt binders at 3 and 5 wt % and subsequently reactively processed to facilitate compatibilization. The mixtures were analyzed for rheological performance relating to fatigue and rutting as well as low‐temperature fracture performance. The addition of small quantities of these polymers to the asphalt binders resulted in significant improvements over conventional modifiers at both the high and low temperature extremes. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Oligodeoxynucleotides interact with recombinant CD4 at multiple sites. (1993)

Phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotides bearing the 5'-alkylating moiety 4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methyl)aminobenzylamine specifically modify recombinant soluble CD4 (rsCD4) in solution. This reaction is saturable with respect to the alkylating oligonucleotide reagent. The existence of at least two binding sites, with different affinities, on the rsCD4 molecule, were demonstrated. The values of apparent Kd for the sites are approximately 0.1 and 1 microM. The existence of two sites was confirmed by electrophoretic analysis of the modified protein, in which two distinct gel bands were seen. The modification is inhibited by excess non-alkylating oligonucleotide, as well as by phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. Quantitative estimates of the competition constants (Kc), for the binding of these competitors of the binding of the alkylating oligonucleotide reagent with rsCD4, have been made. By use of this method, several anionic dyes as well as potential anti-HIV therapeutic agents were also demonstrated to interact with rsCD4. Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides also inhibit binding of rsCD4 with the monoclonal antibody L71.1.1 This monoclonal antibody recognizes the CDR3-like loop (D1 domain) of the rsCD4 molecule. Thus, oligonucleotide binding sites exist on two remote regions (i.e. both the CDR2- and CDR3-like loops) of the D1 domain of CD4.
Sources of measurement error in laser Doppler vibrometers and proposal for unified specifications (2008)

The focus of this paper is to disclose sources of measurement error in laser Doppler vibrometers (LDV) and to suggest specifications, suitable to describe their impact on measurement uncertainty. Measurement errors may be caused by both the optics and electronics sections of an LDV, caused by non-ideal measurement conditions or imperfect technical realisation. While the contribution of the optics part can be neglected in most cases, the subsequent signal processing chain may cause significant errors. Measurement error due to non-ideal behaviour of the interferometer has been observed mainly at very low vibration amplitudes and depending on the optical arrangement. The paper is organized as follows: Electronic signal processing blocks, beginning with the photo detector, are analyzed with respect to their contribution to measurement uncertainty. A set of specifications is suggested, adopting vocabulary and definitions known from traditional vibration measurement equipment. Finally a measurement setup is introduced, suitable for determination of most specifications utilizing standard electronic measurement equipment.
Investigation of diffusion-limited rates of chymotrypsin reactions by viscosity variation (1982)

The possibility that the rates of acylation of chymotrypsin by certain highly reactive substrates approach the diffusion-controlled limits was investigated by measuring the values of kcat/Km for three substrates as a function of increasing viscosity with sucrose and ficoll as the viscosogenic reagents. The values of Kcat/Km (pH 8.0, 25 degrees C) representing the acylation rate constants are the following: N-(methoxycarbonyl)-L-tryptophan p-nitrophenyl ester, 3.5 x 10(7) M-1 s-1; N-acetyl-L-tryptophan methyl ester, 8 x 10(5) M-1 s-1; N-acetyl-L-tryptophan p-nitroanilide, 300 M-1 s-1. The rate constants decrease significantly with increasing viscosity for the first compound, decrease slightly for the second, and are insensitive to this perturbation for the third. The p-nitroanilide results taken together with the observation that the high concentrations of sucrose or ficoll used produce insignificant changes in kcat for the ester substrates argue against a general nonspecific perturbation in the enzyme structure effected by these reagents. The values of the association rate constants calculated from these results are 9 x 10(7) and 1 x 10(7) M-1 s-1 for the p-nitrophenyl and methyl esters, respectively. The values of kcat/Km divided by the association rate constants show that the rates of acylation by the p-nitrophenyl ester occur at ca. 40% and by the methyl ester at ca. 10% of the diffusion limits. Possibilities involving reorientation of a nonproductively bound substrate within the ES complex or desolvation of part of the active site of the enzyme are considered to account for the lower association rate constant for the methyl as compared to the p-nitrophenyl ester.
The Ancient Constitution of England (1992)

The phrase 'the ancient constitution' is a misleading one.1 It tends to suggest a fixed constitution that had existed sometime in the past, and to conjure up the image of a Golden Age of liberty and constitutional perfection to be found in days of old. But this is not really what was meant by the term. 'The ancient constitution' was not a constitution of the past; it was the present constitution, the constitution of the seventeenth century. This is to say no more than that the ancient constitution was a collection of laws and institutions that had evolved in a continuous process whose beginnings were lost to human memory (including, that is, written records which were a form of collective memory). In short, an ancient constitution was a modem constitution that had ancient foundations.
Endovascular Occlusion of Vertebral Fistulae by Detachable Balloons with Conservation of the Vertebral Blood Flow (1979)

The detachable balloon technique is a simple means of accomplishing the endovascular treatment of both carotid cavernous sinus and vertebral fistulae. This technique has the advantage of preserving the cerebral blood flow, which is impossible with a nondetachable balloon catheter. The authors successfully treated three vertebro-vertebral fistulae with a detachable balloon and conserved the vertebral blood flow.
Migrastatin and Dorrigocins Are Shunt Metabolites of Iso-Migrastatin (2005)

Fermentation of Streptomyces platensis NRRL18993 typically accumulated migrastation (1), dorrigocin A (2) and B (3), and 13-epi-dorrigocin A (5). Supplement of XAD-16 resin to the fermentation, in contrast, resulted in exclusive production of iso-migrastatin (4). In vitro studies showed that 1, 2, 3, and 5 are stable in aqueous solution but 4 undergoes rapid conversion into 1, 2, 3, and 5 under the same condition. These results revealed that 4 is the only bona fide natural product biosynthesized by S. platensis, and 1, 2, 3, and 5 are shunt metabolites of 4. This study also established the stereochemistry of 2-5 with the exception of C-11 for 3 and 4. A mechanism for H2O-mediated regio- and stereospecific rearrangement of 4 to 1, 2, 3, and 5 is proposed and supported by incorporation of 18O from H218O.