gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning from data streams using transductive inference and martingale (2006)

Streaming data, is ubiquitous, e.g., data generated from wireless sensor networks, web logs and click streams, ATM transactions, phone call records, and multimedia video data. One seeks to discover knowledge and to extract interesting patterns from the data stream. Such knowledge can be extremely useful for commercial, military, and home-land security purposes, among others. To ensure that what is learned is useful, one seeks to describe the data generating process using the best available model. This corresponds to model selection. 
Two questions that affect the model selection problem in an online data streaming setting are explored: those of contents (what) and time (when): (1) What are the data points needed to build a good predictive model? (2) When does the data generation model change? These questions correspond to the active learning problem and change detection problem, respectively. The active learning problem involves the selection of informative but yet unlabeled data points to label. The solution to this problem aims to label a small [minimum] number of data points to build a good model. The change detection problem involves the recognition of deviation from the existing data generation model. The solution to this problem aims to detect the change as fast as possible. 
In this dissertation, an active learning strategy based on transductive inference and a change detection strategy using martingale are proposed. The contributions of this dissertation are as follows: (1) An active learning strategy based on transductive inference is proposed and justified. The active learning strategy is empirically shown to be feasible and compares favorably with other stream-based active learning strategies. (2) Change detection in data streams based on testing the exchangeability condition using martingale is proposed. The feasibility of the three proposed martingale tests for change detection is shown empirically on both labeled and unlabeled data points. The advantages of our novel one-pass incremental martingale change detection method are: it (i) does not require a sliding window on the data stream, (ii) does not require monitoring the explicit performance (e.g. classification error) as data points are streaming, and (iii) works well for high-dimensional data streams. The change detection method is used to implement (i) an online adaptive learning algorithm for labeled data streams, which compares favorably with a sliding window method; and (ii) a single-pass videoshot change detector for unlabeled video streams, which compares favorably to some standard off-line methods.
Keypoint Descriptors for Matching Across Multiple Image Modalities and Non-linear Intensity Variations (2007)

In this paper, we investigate the effect of substantial inter-image intensity changes and changes in modality on the performance of keypoint detection, description, and matching algorithms in the context of image registration. In doing so, we modify widely-used keypoint descriptors such as SIFT and shape contexts, attempting to capture the insight that some structural information is indeed preserved between images despite dramatic appearance changes. These extensions include (a) pairing opposite-direction gradients in the formation of orientation histograms and (b) focusing on edge structures only. We also compare the stability of MSER, Laplacian-of-Gaussian, and Harris corner keypoint location detection and the impact of detection errors on matching results. Our experiments on multimodal image pairs and on image pairs with significant intensity differences show that indexing based on our modified descriptors produces more correct matches on difficult pairs than current techniques at the cost of a small decrease in performance on easier pairs. This extends the applicability of image registration algorithms such as the Dual-Bootstrap which rely on correctly matching only a small number of keypoints.
Tokenless static data flow using associative templates (1988)

The static data flow model of computation promises high performance from fine grained parallelism, but conventional token-driven static data flow architectures are inefficient in terms of memory bandwidth and microcycles required per operation. The associative template mechanism, a new application of associative techniques, employs specially configured content-addressable memories to provide efficient flow control for static data flow program execution. It supports static data flow semantics while exhibiting memory bandwidth and microcycle demands comparable to those of conventional uniprocessors. Associative diffusion, a second application of associative methods, provides communication between adjacent nodes of a mesh-connected network of associative-template-based processors. This mechanism achieves nearest-neighbor communication at speeds comparable to intra-node transactions by overlapping domains of associativity across boundaries between neighboring nodes. Together, associative templates and associative diffusion provide a token-free approach to static data flow computation.
Packaging a $W$-Band Integrated Module With an Optimized Flip-Chip Interconnect on an Organic Substrate (2014)

This paper, for the first time, presents successful integration of a W-band antenna with an organically flip-chip packaged silicon-germanium (SiGe) low-noise amplifier (LNA). The successful integration requires an optimized flip-chip interconnect. The interconnect performance was optimized by modeling and characterizing the flip-chip transition on a low-loss liquid crystal polymer organic substrate. When the loss of coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines is included, an insertion loss of 0.6 dB per flip-chip-interconnect is measured. If the loss of CPW lines is de-embedded, 0.25 dB of insertion loss is observed. This kind of low-loss flip-chip interconnect is essential for good performance of W-band modules. The module, which we present in this paper, consists of an end-fire Yagi-Uda antenna integrated with an SiGe BiCMOS LNA. The module is 3 mm × 1.9 mm and consumes only 19.2 mW of dc power. We present passive and active E- and H-plane radiation pattern measurements at 87, 90, and 94 GHz. Passive and active antennas both showed a 10-dB bandwidth of 10 GHz. The peak gain of passive and active antennas was 5.2 dBi at 90 GHz and 21.2 dBi at 93 GHz, respectively. The measurements match well with the simulated results.
Catalytic C−H Bond Functionalization:  Synthesis of Arylsilanes by Dehydrogenative Transfer Coupling of Arenes and Triethylsilane (1998)

A new catalytic route for the formation of arene−silicon bonds based on the transfer dehydrogenative coupling of triethylsilane with an arene (Ar−X: X = −CF3, −F, −H, −CH3, −Cl, −Br) in the presence of 3,3-dimethylbut-1-ene (tBu-ethylene) is reported. Rhodium and ruthenium catalysts (η5-C5Me5)Rh(H)2(SiEt3)2 and (η6-arene)Ru(H)2(SiEt3)2 and their corresponding dimeric chloride precursors not only catalyze the coupling of Et3SiH with an arene but additionally promote the dimerization of Et3SiH producing a carbosilane, Et3Si−CHMe−SiEt2H.
Benchmarking the Dependability of Windows and Linux Using PostMark&#8482; Workloads (2006)

This paper presents a dependability benchmark for general-purpose operating systems and its application to six versions of Windows operating system and four versions of Linux operating system. The benchmark measures are: operating system robustness (as regards possible erroneous inputs provided by the application software to the operating system via the application programming interface), reaction and restart times in the presence of faults. The workload is PostMark, a file system performance benchmark for operating systems.
Biology of metalloproteinases. (2007)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) occupy a central role in embryogenesis and in normal physiological conditions, such as proliferation, cell motility, remodeling, wound healing, angiogenesis, and key reproductive events. MMPs form a multigenic family of proteolytic, zinc-dependent enzymes, with 26 members described until present, displaying multidomain structures and substrate specificities. MMPs are involved in both the turnover and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and in the processing, activation, or deactivation of a variety of soluble factors. They are regulated at the level of transcription, activation of the precursor zymogens, and inhibition mainly by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Any loss in activity control may result in various diseases. This review provides an update of biological functions of MMPs, facilitating the understanding of the complex pathogenic mechanisms of medical conditions characterized by imbalance between MMP and TIMP expression. The design of potent specific inhibitors for MMPs represents a scientific challenge for the development of new therapies.
A Chemoselective Reduction of Alkynes to (<i>E</i>)-Alkenes (2002)

The trans reduction of all types of alkynes to give (E)-olefins is achieved through a two-stage trans hydrosilylation and protodesilylation. Reaction of an alkyne and a silane with the ruthenium catalyst [Cp*Ru(MeCN)3]PF6 results in clean hydrosilylation to give only the (Z)-trans addition product at ambient temperature with catalyst loadings of 1-5 mol %. The crude vinylsilane products are then protodesilylated by the action of cuprous iodide and TBAF at rt-35 degrees C. The reaction is compatible with many sensitive functional groups and provides a general trans-alkyne reduction not possible by other means.
Hot-carrier-induced degradation in p-MOSFETs under AC stress (1988)

Lifetimes under AC stress are calculated with a quasistatic model using parameters extracted from DC stress data. For inverter-like waveforms, the measurement data show reasonable agreement with the simulation results. For waveforms with turnoff transient occurring in the presence of high drain voltage, more degradation than the model predicts is found if the transient is short (<or=10 ns) and gate voltage is high.<<ETX>>
Research on Replication Strategies for Data Grid Based on OptorSim (2008)

Replication strategies directly affect the performance of grid resources in data grid. As the replication strategies are of great importance to data grid, this article built up a simulative environment with OptorSim simulators, and analyzed different replication strategies according to different accessing models. It is verified by the simulation results that the replication strategies adopted in this article can greatly cut down the system cost of single operation and make the best of each computing unit.
COMPARISON OF THE ACTIONS OF U‐46619, A PROSTAGLANDIN H<sub>2</sub>‐ANALOGUE, WITH THOSE OF PROSTAGLANDIN H<sub>2</sub> AND THROMBOXANE A<sub>2</sub> ON SOME ISOLATED SMOOTH MUSCLE PREPARATIONS (1981)

1 The actions of the prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) analogue, U-46619, have been compared with those of PGH2 on thromboxane A2 (TxA2) on a range of isolated smooth muscle preparations in a superfusion cascade system. 2 U-46619 was a potent agonist on guinea-pig lung strip, dog saphenous vein and rat and rabbit aortae. In contrast, U-46619 was weak or inactive on guinea-pig ileum and fundic strip, cat trachea and dog and cat iris sphincter muscles, preparations on which either PGE2 or PGF2 alpha was the most potent agonist studied. 3 PGH2 was active on all of the preparations and displayed little selectivity. On some of the preparations, the actions of PGH2 may have been mediated indirectly by conversion to other prostanoids. 4 In contrast, TxA2 displayed the same pattern of selectivity as U-46619, being a potent agonist on the lung strip and vascular preparations but weak or inactive on the others. 5 It is suggested that U-46619 is a selective TxA2-mimetic and that it should therefore be a valuable tool in the study of the actions of TxA2.
Central nervous system targeting of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine via adenosine deaminase-activated 6-halo-dideoxypurine prodrugs (1992)

AIDS dementia complex is a neurologic disorder, characterized by increasingly severe cognitive, behavioral, and motor impairment, which is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the central nervous system (CNS). Many of the dideoxynucleosides effective systemically in the treatment of HIV infections, such as 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), exhibit limited penetration into the CNS and limited or variable effectiveness in reversing the symptoms of AIDS dementia. Thus, approaches for increasing the CNS uptake of ddI and other dideoxynucleosides are needed. The CNS uptake of a series of 6-halo-2',3'-dideoxypurine ribofuranosides (6-halo-ddPs) previously shown to be active against HIV because of their conversion to ddI through the action of adenosine deaminase was examined in rats. In vitro studies in rat blood and brain tissue homogenate suggested a favorable selectivity for bioconversion in brain tissue, but with bioconversion half-lives varying widely within the series. In vivo infusions of 6-chloro-ddP (6-Cl-ddP), 6-bromo-ddP (6-Br-ddP), and 6-iodo-ddP (6-I-ddP) resulted in significant increases (20- to 34-fold) in the ddI concentration ratios in brain parenchyma/plasma when compared with those after an infusion of ddI alone. Absolute concentrations of ddI in brain parenchyma were increased 10- and 4-fold, respectively, following 30-min infusions of 6-Cl-ddP or 6-Br-ddP, but were 2.4-fold lower after an infusion of 6-I-ddP relative to that after a control infusion of ddI. Detailed studies of the plasma pharmacokinetics, CNS uptake kinetics, and bioconversion of 6-Cl-ddP were conducted to compare in vivo transport and bioconversion parameters with those predicted from in vitro measurements and to rationalize the efficiency of CNS delivery of ddI from 6-Cl-ddP. The results show that increased lipophilicity alone does not ensure that a given prodrug will deliver higher levels of a parent compound to the CNS. Both the selectivity and absolute rate of bioconversion in the brain are important factors.
Selective Phosphate Protection:  A Novel Synthesis of Double-Labeled Oligonucleotides (2001)

[structure: see text] A novel, selective labeling of oligonucleotides with two different reporter groups is described. The oligonucleotide is synthesized using a stable 2-(4-methoxybenzamido)ethyl protection for a selected internucleosidic thiophosphate (PS) and a labile 2-(N-isopropyl-4-methoxybenzamido)ethyl for the 3'-terminal PS and internucleosidic phosphates. The latter group and the base protection are removed, and the 3'-terminal PS is labeled. The former protection is then cleaved by a prolonged ammonolysis, and the second reporter is introduced at the internucleosidic PS.
The ‘Minituft’ surface flow visualisation method; experience of use in the RAE 5m pressurised low-speed wind tunnel (1986)

Summary The development and use of a ‘minituft’ surface flow visualisation technique in the RAE 5m Pressurised Low-Speed Wind Tunnel is described. The method, due to Crowder, uses very fine nylon monofilaments to show surface flow direction. These tufts are made visible by coating them in a fluorescent dye and then illuminating them with a powerful ultra-violet light source. Because of their small size, a large number of tufts may be used without interfering with the flow to a great extent. However, it is shown that if accurate force measurements are required, then it is advisable to test the model in the absence of tufts.
A Hidden Markov Model for Vehicle Detection and Counting (2015)

To reduce roadway congestion and improve traffic safety, accurate traffic metrics, such as number of vehicles travelling through lane-ways, are required. Unfortunately most existing infrastructure, such as loop-detectors and many video detectors, do not feasibly provide accurate vehicle counts. Consequently, a novel method is proposed which models vehicle motion using hidden Markov models (HMM). The proposed method represents a specified small region of the roadway as 'empty', 'vehicle entering', 'vehicle inside', and 'vehicle exiting', and then applies a modified Viterbi algorithm to the HMM sequential estimation framework to initialize and track vehicles. Vehicle observations are obtained using an Adaboost trained Haar-like feature detector. When tested on 88 hours of video, from three distinct locations, the proposed method proved to be robust to changes in lighting conditions, moving shadows, and camera motion, and consistently out-performed Multiple Target Tracking (MTT) and Virtual Detection Line(VDL) implementations. The median vehicle count error of the proposed method is lower than MTT and VDL by 28%, and 70% respectively. As future work, this algorithm will be implemented to provide the traffic industry with improved automated vehicle counting, with the intent to eventually provide real-time counts.
Multi-GHz elastomeric connectors for complex hybrids and chip carriers (2003)

In attempting to achieve optimum or almost reflectionless signal transmission in gigahertz-frequency circuitry on a printed-circuit board (PCB), signal routing via microstrip transmission lines is used. However, when the conventional practice of interconnecting hybrids or chip carriers to only one plane on the PCB is followed, unwanted reflections result because the transmission line grounds are not directly connected. Elastomeric connector systems make it possible to connect signals (and grounds) of the microstrip transmission lines of a PCB directly to the microstrip transmission lines of a hybrid or VLSI chip carrier by aligning the transmission lines of the PCB and hybrid in a coplanar fashion and then accurately positioning small contacts bonded to elastomer over the aligned transmission lines. The PCB and hybrid are of the same thickness and are sandwiched between a metal head sink and the elastomeric contacts nested into the plastic frame. Contact force is applied by tightening the plastic frame into which the elastomer and its attached contacts are nested. The related microstrip transmission line ground planes are thus directly connected by the metal heat sink.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fault detection and diagnostics for non-intrusive monitoring using motor harmonics (2010)

Harmonic analysis of motor current has been used to track the speed of motors for sensorless control. Algorithms exist that track the speed of a motor given a dedicated stator current measurement, for example. Harmonic analysis has also been applied for diagnostic detection of electro-mechanical faults such as damaged bearings and rotor eccentricity. This paper demonstrates the utility of harmonic analysis for fault detection and diagnostics in non-intrusive monitoring applications, where multiple loads are tracked by a sensor monitoring only the aggregate utility service. An optimization routine is implemented to maintain accuracy of speed estimation while using shorter lengths of data.
A method of image recognition based on improvement ant colony algorithm (2009)

This article proposed one kind of improvement ant colony algorithm, has realized to the manipulator platform in the work piece image recognition function. Using the ant colony algorithm in the ant population's diversification, strengthened the search ergodicity, thus changes seeks to the most superior match result. In the improvement algorithm simulates the annealing thought integration to be more advantageous with the partial parameter auto-adapted adjustment in the iterative earlier period searches the optimal solution, later period sped up the convergence rate, reduced the optimization time.
Funció de les traduccions i models estilístics : el cas de la traducció al català al segle XX (2000)

Els plantejaments teòrics i metodològics de l'anomenada escola de la manipulació ens permeten fer-nos una sèrie de preguntes relacionades amb la recerca sobre la literatura traduïda. En el cas del català, la resposta a aquestes preguntes posa de manifest que el lloc ocupat per la literatura traduïda dins el sistema literari al llarg del segle XX ha esdevingut més marginal amb el pas dels anys. Aquest fet està íntimament relacionat amb el canvi estilístic que deriva d'un moviment pendular en la norma inicial: mentre que les traduccions dutes a terme sota l'aixopluc estilístic del noucentisme s'inclinaven cap a l'acceptabilitat, les més recents s'acosten més al criteri de l'adequació. Això es fa més palès quan es comparen segones traduccions (relativament) recents d'obres que ja van ser traduïdes als anys 20 i 30 amb aquestes versions més antigues, com s'esdevé en el cas de les traduccions de Robinson Crusoe fetes per Carner (1925) i Fontcuberta (1992).
Do Analysts Understand the Valuation Implications of Accounting Conservatism when Forecasting Target Prices (2012)

Conservatism in earnings does not have a direct impact on the present value of future cash flows. This paper examines whether financial analysts correctly undo the effect of accounting conservatism incorporated in their own earnings forecasts in arriving at their target price forecasts. Based on prior findings, we consider alternative valuation models/heuristics that may be used by analysts to estimate target prices, e.g. the forward P/E and the PEG ratio. Our evidence suggests that analysts fail to fully undo the effect of accounting conservatism embedded in their forecasts of earnings and earnings growth when estimating their target price forecasts. More sophisticated analysts undo the effect of conservatism to a greater extent than other analysts, although their target price forecasts also exhibit conservatism-induced bias. In contrast, the market on average appears to correctly unravel the conservatism in future earnings when pricing securities. However, for extreme levels of conservatism, our evidence suggests that the under/over-statement of target prices leads to a distortion of market prices.
Fidaxomicin versus Vancomycin for <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection (2011)

The rates of clinical cure after treatment with fidaxomicin were noninferior to those after treatment with vancomycin. Fidaxomicin was associated with a significantly lower rate of recurrence of C. difficile infection associated with non–North American Pulsed Field type 1 strains. (Funded by Optimer Pharmaceuticals; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00314951.)
Souvenir (2002)

Digital media audio/video can be difficult to search and share in a personal way. Souvenir is a software system that offers users a flexible and comprehensive way to use their handwritten or text notes to retrieve and share specific media moments. Users can take notes on a variety of devices, such as the paper-based CrossPad, the Palm Pilot and standard keyboard devices. Souvenir segments handwritten notes into an effective media index without the need for handwriting recognition. Users can use their notes to create hyperlinks to random-access media stored in a digital library. Souvenir also has web publishing and email capabilities to enable anyone to access or email media moments directly from a web page. Souvenir annotations capture information that can not be easily inferred by automatic media indexing tools.
Cover (2017)

Jurnal Inovasi dan Teknologi Seri Informatika