gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanomaterials in science and technology (2009)

Recent work on nanomaterials and their applications in science, technology, biology and medicine has been reviewed. Nanomaterials of different shapes and geometries and their characterization techniques are described. Methods for synthesis of different types of nanomaterials have been explained.
A 7-channel level generator chip for a VLSI digital tester (2002)

The automatic test equipment (ATE) level generator chip integrates all the per-pin analog levels required in a VLSI digital tester. This system chip was specified and defined at an architectural level by ATE engineers and implemented using a building block approach by the semicustom supplier working from standard function cells. The chip is integrated on an n-well junction-isolated merged bipolar-CMOS process build on a p wafer with a p epitaxial layer. BiCMOS has self-aligned polysilicon gate PMOS and NMOS devices and n-p-n, lateral, and vertical p-n-p devices. The process includes laser-trimmed thin film resistors and two-layer metal interconnect.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enabling Secure Mobile Access for Electronic Health Care Applications (2006)

Medical applications have already been integrated into mobile devices (e.g. Tablet PCs, PDAs and smart phones) and are being used by medical personnel in treatment centers, for retrieving and examining patient's Electronic Health Records (EHR). In such mobile healthcare applications, specific attention is drawn towards the security requirements since the transmission of sensitive medical data through a public network renders the problem of communication privacy. In this paper we present an approach to transfer the medical records of an individual by using the existing infrastructure of mobile operators. To achieve that, we propose the application of existing technologies in 3G networks such as the generic bootstrapping architecture (GBA) to enable the secure transfer of EHR data. The paper presents the corresponding applicability scenarios, initial results from a prototype test bed and discusses the feasibility of the proposed solution along with its limitations
IsoWAN: A NASA science and engineering information and services framework (2002)

We believe that the next evolutionary step in supporting wide-area application and services delivery to customers is a network framework that provides for collocation of applications and services at distinct sites in the network, an interconnection between these sites that is performance optimized for these applications, and value-added services for applications. We use the term IsoWAN to describe an advanced, isolated network interconnect services framework that will enable applications to be more secure, and able to access and be in use in both local and remote environments. The main functions of an IsoWAN are virtual localization of application services, an application service interface, coordinated delivery of applications and associated data to the customer, and supporting collaborative application development for customers. An initial pilot network between three NASA Centers; Ames Research Center, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Marshall Space Flight Center, has been built and its properties are discussed.
Survey on Aspect-Level Sentiment Analysis (2015)

The field of sentiment analysis, in which sentiment is gathered, analyzed, and aggregated from text, has seen a lot of attention in the last few years. The corresponding growth of the field has resulted in the emergence of various subareas, each addressing a different level of analysis or research question. This survey focuses on aspect-level sentiment analysis, where the goal is to find and aggregate sentiment on entities mentioned within documents or aspects of them. An in-depth overview of the current state-of-the-art is given, showing the tremendous progress that has already been made in finding both the target, which can be an entity as such, or some aspect of it, and the corresponding sentiment. Aspect-level sentiment analysis yields very fine-grained sentiment information which can be useful for applications in various domains. Current solutions are categorized based on whether they provide a method for aspect detection, sentiment analysis, or both. Furthermore, a breakdown based on the type of algorithm used is provided. For each discussed study, the reported performance is included. To facilitate the quantitative evaluation of the various proposed methods, a call is made for the standardization of the evaluation methodology that includes the use of shared data sets. Semanticallyrich concept-centric aspect-level sentiment analysis is discussed and identified as one of the most promising future research direction.
Head-worn displays for NextGen (2011)

The operating concepts emerging under the Next Generation air transportation system (NextGen) require new technology and procedures - not only on the ground-side - but also on the flight deck. Flight deck display and decision support technologies are specifically targeted to overcome aircraft safety barriers that might otherwise constrain the full realization of NextGen. One such technology is the very lightweight, unobtrusive head-worn display (HWD). HWDs with an integrated head-tracking system are being researched as they offer significant potential benefit under emerging NextGen operational concepts. Two areas of benefit for NextGen are defined. First, the HWD may be designed to be equivalent to the Head-Up Display (HUD) using Virtual HUD concepts. As such, these operational credits may be provided to significantly more aircraft for which HUD installation is neither practical nor possible. Second, the HWD provides unique display capabilities, such as an unlimited field-of-regard. These capabilities may be integral to emerging NextGen operational concepts, eliminating safety issues which might otherwise constrain the full realization of NextGen. The paper details recent research results, current HWD technology limitations, and future technology development needed to realize HWDs as a enabling technology for NextGen.
Distributed spectrum allocation via local bargaining (2005)

In this paper, we present an adaptive and distributed approach to spectrum allocation in mobile ad-hoc networks. We propose a local bargaining approach where users affected by the mobility event self-organize into bargaining groups and adapt their spectrum assignment to approximate a new optimal assignment. The number of computations required to adapt to topology changes can be significantly reduced compared to that of the conventional topology-based optimizations that ignore the prior assignment. In particular, we propose a Fairness Bargaining with Feed Poverty to improve fairness in spectrum assignment and derive a theoretical lower bound on the minimum assignment each user can get from bargaining for certain network configurations. Such bound can be utilized to guide the bargaining process. We also show that the difference between the proposed bargaining approach and the true optimal approach is upper-bounded. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed bargaining approach provides similar performance as the topology-based optimization but with more than 50% of reduction in complexity.
P‐179: A Novel Pixel Structure for the Emiflective Hybrid Display System (2006)

Abstract A novel hybrid display pixel structure is proposed. This pixel structure consists of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and reflective liquid crystal displays to form an emi‐flective display. With a single pixel circuit and proper driving method, the pixel circuit can drive LC cells and OLEDs in one display system. Moreover, a compatible fabrication process of the hybrid device has been examined. By utilizing the reflective LCD, the wash‐out phenomenon of OLED under bright ambient light can be compensated.
Dielectric elastomers and compliant metal electrode technology (2010)

Dielectric elastomers have demonstrated most potential as muscle-like actuators because they can undergo large deformation, have a high energy density and a relatively fast response. The basic structure of a dielectric elastomer (DE) is simple - an elastomer film sandwiched between two electrodes. The electrodes that sandwich the elastomer play a key role in the electromechanical performance. The electrodes must be highly compliant, have low mechanical stiffness and remain conductive for large area strains. Much research emphasis is being placed on the design of more sophisticated complaint electrodes that combine very good conductivity with improved robustness in the face of electrical breakdown. This contribution discusses compliant metal electrode technology and reviews some of the research being carried out in this area at the Mads Clausen Institute.
Molecular Design, Characterization, and Application of Multiinformation Dyes for Multidimensional Optical Chemical Sensings. 2. Preparation of the Optical Sensing Membranes for the Simultaneous Measurements of pH and Water Content in Organic Media (1998)

Optical chemical sensing of pH and water content in organic solvents is proposed, using multiinformation dyes (MIDs) based on the support matrixes for the dyes. In this investigation, four kinds of merocyanine-type dyes having a polymerizable olefin unit as the MIDs were synthesized. These dyes were copolymerized with hydrophilic monomer molecules to obtain dye-immobilized optical chemical sensor (optode) membranes. In this case, selection of the monomer molecule gave optode membranes having different color change properties, because different monomer molecules provided different chemical environments around the immobilized dye. These optode membranes were used for the measurement of pH and water content in organic solvents. These membranes offered two-dimensional sensing information in one spectrum when they were employed for water content sensing in organic solvents, in which the maximum wavelength represents the water content and the absorbance at this wavelength represents the pH of the water present. These polymer membranes have a long lifetime, which can be adequate for practical use.
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of quinine in the diabetic and non‐diabetic elderly. (1994)

1. Quinine is a front-line antimalarial drug but is prescribed most commonly in nonmalarious countries for cramps. Postural hypotension, hearing loss and hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia occur in malaria and overdose but little is known of quinine kinetics and toxicity in the elderly. 2. We studied 12 non-insulin-dependent diabetics and 10 non-diabetic controls aged 51-79 years. Subjects attended on two occasions > 7 days apart. On each test day, subjects were given a 600 Cal meal at 18.00 h (0 h) and, on one occasion, quinine sulphate 600 mg at 22.00 h (4 h). Venous blood samples for glucose, insulin and quinine assay were drawn pre-prandially and then regularly over the next 38 h. Supine and erect blood pressures were taken and audiometry was performed at 4, 6, 8 and 14 h. A one-compartment open pharmacokinetic model was fitted to serum quinine concentrations. 3. Absorption and elimination half-times, volume of distribution and oral clearance of quinine were comparable in the two groups (P > 0.2) and there was a mean absorption lag-time of approximately 1 h. Basal and immediate post-prandial (< 4 h) serum glucose and insulin concentrations on both test days were similar in the diabetics and also in the non-diabetics, but quinine produced a mean reduction in serum glucose of 1.0 mmol l-1 from 3-5 h post-dose in both groups without affecting serum insulin concentrations. Quinine administration did not alter postural blood pressure changes or produce significant hearing loss in either group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Further Evidence for Oncornaviruses in Human Milk: The Production of Cores (1973)

Cores, or nucleoids, have been isolated from particles in human milk. The cores have a density of 1.26-1.27 g/ml and contain a 60-70S RNA in association with an RNA-instructed DNA polymerase. The data offer further evidence of similarity between human milk particles and animal RNA tumor viruses. In addition, core isolation provides a new method for detection of these particles by minimizing the difficulties generated by the presence of cell-associated debris often found in the density region (1.16-1.19 g/ml) characteristic of the intact virion. The procedures described now make available preparations of purified subviral components of a putative human RNA tumor virus.
Effect of Gemfibrozil on Centrifugal Behavior of Rat Peroxisomes and Activities of Peroxisomal Enzymes Involved in Lipid Metabolism. (1997)

The effect of gemfibrozil, and analogue of clofibric acid, on the centrifugal behavior of peroxisomes and activity of peroxisomal enzymes involved in lipid metabolism was studied. Rats were fed chow containing 0.2% gemfibrozil for 2 weeks. Nycodenz gradient centrifugation of the light mitochondrial fraction revealed that peroxisomes of gemfibrozil-treated rats were concentrated in fractions of higher density compared with control rats. The activity of fatty acyl-CoA oxidase, crotonase, beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, and thiolase (individual enzymes of the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation system) were enhanced 9.6, 2.3, 3.4 and 9.1 times respectively compared with controls, by treatment. The hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis) activity of peroxisomes and microsomes was greatly increased by in vivo treatment with gemfibrozil, but was decreased by addition of the agent to the assay mixture of the enzyme. Gemfibrozil directly inhibited the reductase activity and did so at a lower concentration than clofibric acid. Peroxisomal reductase was more resistant to damage by the agent than the microsomal enzyme. The HMG-CoA reductase activity of peroxisomes and microsomes of hyperlipidemic rats was also increased by in vivo treatment with gemfibrozil, whereas the serum cholesterol level was hardly changed. These results indicate that the effect of gemfibrozil differs from that of clofibric acid, the main difference being the effect on HMG-CoA reductase. Gemfibrozil increased reductase activity in vivo, unlike clofibric acid, but inhibited the enzyme in vitro to a greater extent than clofibric acid.
Compression Treatment Is Good for Venous Leg Ulcers (1997)

Compression treatment is often the first line of therapy for venous leg ulcers, but the best form of this treatment isn't known. British investigators systematically reviewed the literature and found 24 randomized trials of compression therapy for …
Broadband optoelectronic wafer probing (2002)

Optoelectronic S-parameter measurements offer the bandwidth needed to characterize today's state-of-the-art transistors, but have not yet achieved the throughput or accuracy provided by a vector network analyzer with microwave probes. In this paper, we discuss a new approach in which movable optoelectronic probes, calibrated by testing simple standard devices, are stepped around the wafer to provide accurate, high-throughput S-parameter measurements. Sub-picosecond laser pulses drive photoconductive switches on the probe tips, to generate electrical stimulus pulses and define sampling intervals, and signals are transferred to and from the wafer under test by coplanar waveguide transmission lines and plated contact bumps. The probes provide electrical pulses as short as 3 psec (FWHM), while maintaining a broadband 50 ohm termination to ensure stability of the device under test. Since probe flexure under contact significantly disturbs alignment of free-space beams, fiber-optic input is used to improve reproducibility. Analysis by vector error correction in the frequency domain removes systematic errors and separates the incident and reflected pulses without subjective time-window gating. We have demonstrated precise measurement of the complex reflection coefficient S/sub 11/ at frequencies up to 175 GHz. Noise simulations have been performed to investigate the effect of various system parameters on the measurement uncertainty and useful bandwidth for S-parameter tests.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Starch: Its Metabolism, Evolution, and Biotechnological Modification in Plants (2010)

Starch is the most widespread and abundant storage carbohydrate in plants. We depend upon starch for our nutrition, exploit its unique properties in industry, and use it as a feedstock for bioethanol production. Here, we review recent advances in research in three key areas. First, we assess progress in identifying the enzymatic machinery required for the synthesis of amylopectin, the glucose polymer responsible for the insoluble nature of starch. Second, we discuss the pathways of starch degradation, focusing on the emerging role of transient glucan phosphorylation in plastids as a mechanism for solubilizing the surface of the starch granule. We contrast this pathway in leaves with the degradation of starch in the endosperm of germinated cereal seeds. Third, we consider the evolution of starch biosynthesis in plants from the ancestral ability to make glycogen. Finally, we discuss how this basic knowledge has been utilized to improve and diversify starch crops.
Fortnightly review: seasonal allergic rhinitis: Table 1 (1997)

Seasonal allergic rhinitis or hay fever was called "catarrhus aestivus" (spring catarrh) in 19th century medical literature, but more recently has been labelled as a "post industrial revolution epidemic." 1 Its prevalence has increased in developed countries, particularly in the past two decades. 2One in six people is affected by allergic rhinitis. 3In 1990 the estimated cost of hay fever in the United States was $1.8 billion. 4ffective medication for this condition is available, and prophylactic treatment (topical corticosteroids, sodium cromoglycate) should be started two to three weeks before the pollen season to prevent priming by allergen.This year the warm spring has advanced the pollen season by two to three weeks and treatment should be started earlier.After concern over the risk of cardiac arrhythmias, the Medicines Control Agency is currently converting terfenadine, a commonly used antihistamine that is available over the counter, into a prescription only drug. Methodsost of the articles selected were from the personal library of GKS, who has 10 years of clinical and research experience in this subject.For an overview, we selected book chapters that had been written by leaders in the subject, while we selected individual papers for details of particular aspects of seasonal allergic rhinitis.Drug related details came from the British National Formulary, manufacturers' product data, and documents from the Medicines Control Agency. AllergensSeasonal allergic rhinitis is a type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction mediated by specific IgE antibody to a seasonal allergen, leading to mucosal inflammation characterised by sneezing, itching, rhinorrhoea, and nasal blockage.Pollens from wind pollinated grasses, trees, weeds, and spores from fungi are the commonest aeroallergens.Pollens are the male gametes of plants, and most antigenic pollens are 6-40 m in diameter.Larger pollens from oil seed rape, which is pollinated by insects, have recently been implicated as causative agents. 5Timing Grass pollen is the commonest cause of seasonal allergic rhinitis in Britain. 6The highest levels of pollen in
Development of NOx control methods for glass melting furnaces. Annual report Aug 82-Jul 83 (1983)

The purpose of this work is to provide experimental data that would help the glass industry significantly reduce NOx emissions from natural-gas-fired melters. Experiments were carried out on a relatively large (2 million Btu/h fuel input) pilot-scale furnace at IGT using scaled melter ports. The glass tank load was simulated by a heat sink consisting of a top layer of molten glass. The furnace temperatures and port operating parameters were maintained within limits of commercial container glass operations. Significant reductions in NOx emissions were achieved by (1) decreasing fuel/air mixing rates; (2) burning about half the fuel with all the combustion air, and injecting the remaining fuel to mix with the flame downstream of this highly fuel-lean combustion zone; and (3) operating the furnace at close to stoichiometric conditions and adding ambient air to furnace exhaust gases to complete combustion. The results show that it may be possible to reduce NOx production in commercial glass melters, without adversely affecting the heat-transfer to the melt, by properly controlling the fuel/air mixing. These results were obtained on a pilot-scale furnace under simulated glass melter conditions and should be demonstrated on full-scale commercial melters before definitive conclusions can be drawn about the effectivenessmore » of these NOx control methods.« less
Potential for new technologies in clinical practice (2010)

Technologies, alone or combined, may offer a cost-effective way to deliver intensive neurorehabilitation therapy in clinical and community environments, and have the potential to empower patients to take more responsibility for their rehabilitation and continue with long-term exercise.
Three-Dimensional Trapping of Individual Rydberg Atoms in Ponderomotive Bottle Beam Traps (2020)

We demonstrate three-dimensional trapping of individual Rydberg atoms in holographic optical bottle beam traps. Starting with cold, ground-state ^{87}Rb atoms held in standard optical tweezers, we excite them to nS_{1/2}, nP_{1/2}, or nD_{3/2} Rydberg states and transfer them to a hollow trap at 850 nm. For principal quantum numbers 60≤n≤90, the measured trapping time coincides with the Rydberg state lifetime in a 300 K environment. We show that these traps are compatible with quantum information and simulation tasks by performing single qubit microwave Rabi flopping, as well as by measuring the interaction-induced, coherent spin-exchange dynamics between two trapped Rydberg atoms separated by 40 μm. These results will find applications in the realization of high-fidelity quantum simulations and quantum logic operations with Rydberg atoms.
Automating the development of pattern-oriented designs for application specific software systems (2002)

Object-oriented design patterns are introduced to document good-quality reusable design practices. A design pattern abstracts a solution structure that is mostly described in terms of a set of collaborating classes or objects. Composing these design structures to develop application-specific designs involves an integration process that glues patterns together. A tool-support for the integration process will expedite the design phase. Current OO modeling tools do not explicitly support patterns as architecture constructs with interfaces. We report on a prototype tool that supports visual composition of design patterns. The tool is called the Pattern-Oriented Design (POD) tool. The POD tool can be used to develop application-specific pattern-oriented designs. It facilitates the process of integrating patterns at the architecture level using the notion of pattern interfaces. The tool supports three hierarchical traceable pattern-level design models, namely the Pattern-Level view, the Pattern Interfaces view, and the Detailed Pattern-level view. Current visual modeling tools do not explicitly support the concepts of pattern views and pattern interfaces. The proposed tool facilitates the process of designing applications using patterns as design components, it integrates with existing object-oriented modeling tools, and it provides a mechanism to trace patterns through various abstraction levels. We use a feedback control framework as an illustrative example to show how the tool can be used to develop pattern-oriented designs for application-specific systems.