gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feline Interferon Response to 2-Amino-5-Bromo-6-Methyl-4-Pyrimidinol (U-25,166) (1977)

U-25,166 induced high serum interferon levels in cats at concentrations at least 40 times less than the maximum tolerated dose. Although certain cats responded to U-25,166 by consistently producing higher interferon levels than did other cats, this relationship was not observed if the same animals were injected with Newcastle disease virus or polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C). Using a biweekly treatment regimen, cats remained responsive to interferon induction by U-25,166 over an 18-week period in which 9 doses of the compound were given. Cats given the compound daily, however, soon became hyporesponsive to interferon induction. Interferon was induced in cats given U-25,166 orally as a suspension or in capsules, but circulating interferon levels were low in cats given the drug by subcutaneous injection.
Octreotide Acetate in the Treatment of Fluorouracil‐Induced Diarrhea (1998)

Cytotoxic chemotherapy, particularly the regimens that contain 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), can produce diarrhea. Octreotide acetate appears to have a major therapeutic effect in the management of 5-FU-induced diarrhea. A prospective study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of two different doses of octreotide acetate, 100 µg and 500 µg three times daily, for the treatment of severe 5-FU-induced diarrhea refractory to loperamide, and also to evaluate whether the higher dose is more effective in the management of this complication. Fifty-nine patients with tissue-documented colorectal and head and neck carcinoma were enrolled in this study, 28 in the 100 µg arm and 31 in the 500 µg arm of octreotide acetate which was administered s.c. three times daily. Patients were required to have National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria </= grade 3 diarrhea secondary to treatment with the 5-FU regimen. Octreotide acetate was well tolerated by all patients. Complete resolution of diarrhea was achieved in 17 of 28 (60.71%) patients treated with 100 µg, and in 28 of 31 (90.32%) patients treated with 500 µg of octreotide (p < 0.05). This study suggests a significant benefit in the treatment of 5-FU-induced diarrhea in favor of the 500 µg versus the 100 µg arm. These results support the dose-response effect of octreotide acetate. Even though higher doses of octreotide are more expensive, the cost saved in reduced hospitalization makes the higher dose more cost-effective.
Enhanced Estrogenic Activity of Soybean Isoflavones by Coadministration of Liuwei Dihuang Pills in Ovariectomized Rats (2015)

Soybean isoflavones are beneficial for treating hormone‐related diseases. Simultaneous consumption of soybean isoflavones and Liuwei Dihuang pills (LWPs) is effective for treating perimenopausal period syndrome. However, why the combination of isoflavones and LWPs is more effective than ingestion of each component alone remains unknown. Here, we show that enhanced estrogenic activities would appear when the ovariectomized rats were fed with a soybean diet in combination of LWPs treatment. Our further studies explored enhancements of Lactobacillus (19‐fold) and Bifidobacterium (12‐fold) contents in the intestine of rat and 1.84‐fold higher intestinal β‐glucosidase activity in LWPs treatment group compared with the control group. As a result, steady‐state concentrations of genistein (1.20‐fold), daidzein (1.36‐fold), and equol (1.43‐fold) in serum were significantly elevated in the combination group compared with the soybean alone group. The results present the first evidence of the mechanism of enhanced estrogenic activity of dietary soybean isoflavones in combination with LWPs. Our study indicates that alterations of gut bacteria after LWPs treatment play a key role in the enhanced estrogenic effect of dietary soybean, suggesting a direct relationship between dietary soybean, LWPs, and gut flora. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural history of the Silurian rocks of the coast west of Gatehouse, Kirkcudbrightshire (1968)

Synopsis The rocks exposed in the coastal sections between Gatehouse and Creetown, Kirkcudbrightshire, are considered to belong to the Hawick Rocks (Upper Valentian), and have been affected by five main episodes of deformation, three of which are of Caledonian age. The first phase produced E.N.E.-W.S.W. similar folds and associated tensional strike faults, forming the structural basis of the area and determining the outcrop distribution. During the second phase these folds were modified, and a new set of concentric folds, comparable in strike but with axial surfaces dipping at around 45° S.S.E., was generated, along with a conjugate set of wrench faults. Folds of the third phase have E.-W. axes and steep eastward plunges. The three phases are equated respectively with F 1 F 2 and F 3 of the Whithorn area ( Rust 1965a ). The fourth phase gave rise to folds with near-horizontal axial planes, and frequently developed as minor thrusts, and the final deformation gave rise to dextral kink-bands trending N.-S. The two last are correlated with F 4 and F 5 of Whithorn, to which Hercynian and Alpine dates are provisionally allocated. A swarm of dykes was emplaced between the first and second phases, and further dykes were intruded after the second phase.
Management of Multimedia Data for Streaming on a Distributed E-learning System (2012)

Nowadays, a lot of e-Learning systems are widely deployed in educational schools. Typical e-Learning systems are implemented as client-server model. In the client-server model, the number of clients affects on the load of the server. In order to reduce the load on the server, we developed a P2P-based distributed e-Learning system. The proposed system consists of a lot of mobile agents which manage study contents and some functions such as scoring, showing questions, and correct answers. When a learner requests content, a mobile agent who has its content comes to the learner's computer, and then he/she can start the study. Here, a mobile agent has to manage multimedia data, which may be a huge size of data. Thus, a mobile agent has to migrates to the learner's node with a huge size of data. Then, the learner cannot start the study until the mobile agent finished to migrate. In order to solve this problem, we divide multimedia data into fragments and prepare mobile agents which manages each fragments. Since each mobile agents become small, a learner can start the study soon without waiting for the migration of a mobile agent which has a huge size of multimedia data. We, however, have to search a mobile agent which manages their fragments. Therefore, a mobile agent which manages n-th fragments informs its location to the agent which manages (n + 1)-th fragments, and vice versa. Since each agent knows the location of a mobile agent which manages next and previous fragment, a learner can play multimedia data smoothly without finding the location of mobile agent which manages holding next fragment. Experiment results show the effectiveness of our method.
Feature Level Fusion of Palm Veins and Signature Biometrics (2012)

Abstract- Traditional biometric systems that based on single biometric usually suffer from problems likeimposters &apos; attack or hacking, unacceptable error rate and low performance. So the need of using multimodal biometric system occurred.In this paper, a study of multimodal palm veins and signature identification is presented.Features of both modalities are extracted by using morphological operations and Scale Invariant Features Transform (SIFT)algorithm and a comparison for both methods is developed.Feature level fusion for both modalitiesis achieved by using a simple sum rule. Fused features vectors are subjected to discrete cosine transform (DCT) to reduce their dimensionalities. Linear Vector Quantization (LVQ) classifier is used with changed parameters to classify the different people in the database. Preliminary results are encouraging and supporting using palm veins and signature as a robust and reliable identification system. Key Words: Multimodal biometrics, feature fusion level, Palm veins recognition, Signature recognition,
Productive infection and subsequent interaction of CD4-gp120 at the cellular membrane is required for HIV-induced apoptosis of CD4+ T cells (1995)

One of the hallmarks of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is the decline in CD4+ T lymphocytes which precedes the progression from an asymptomatic state to AIDS. Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is one of the mechanisms proposed to mediate this depletion. Infectious and inactivated preparations of HIV-1LAI were compared for their potential to induce apoptosis. Analysis with fluorescence-activated cell sorting using the DNA intercalative compound propidium iodide demonstrated that apoptosis occurred only with infectious HIV-1, implying that cell surface binding and signalling by the virus alone were insufficient to trigger apoptosis. Apoptosis was further confirmed by the presence of characteristic digestion of host cell DNA and morphologically by nuclear condensation observed by transmission electron microscopy. HIV infection of CD4+ T cell lines generated an accumulation of the cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle and cells undergoing apoptosis appeared to originate from the pool of cells in the G1 phase. Inhibitors of HIV replication were used to identify the point in the virus replicative cycle at which apoptosis is induced. The reverse transcriptase inhibitor, ddI, or the HIV protease inhibitor, RO31-8959 (Saquinavir), were added either 2 h before or 6 h after HIV inoculation. Only ddI inhibited HIV-induced apoptosis when added before inoculation; however, neither treatment was effective in preventing HIV-induced apoptosis when applied 6 h after inoculation. These data indicate that apoptosis requires a single round of reverse transcription and the expression of virion proteins, but not the maturation of progeny virions. Two agents which compete with HIV for binding to CD4+ T cells, dextran sulphate and the anti-CD4 MAb Leu3a, were effective at preventing apoptosis when added 6 h after infection, implying that a subsequent gp120-CD4 interaction at the surface of an infected cell was required to complete the apoptotic process.
Post-training 4-bit quantization of convolution networks for rapid-deployment (2018)

Convolutional neural networks require significant memory bandwidth and storage for intermediate computations, apart from substantial computing resources. Neural network quantization has significant benefits in reducing the amount of intermediate results, but it often requires the full datasets and time-consuming fine tuning to recover the accuracy lost after quantization. This paper introduces the first practical 4-bit post training quantization approach: it does not involve training the quantized model (fine-tuning), nor it requires the availability of the full dataset. We target the quantization of both activations and weights and suggest three complementary methods for minimizing quantization error at the tensor level, two of whom obtain a closed-form analytical solution. Combining these methods, our approach achieves accuracy that is just a few percents less the state-of-the-art baseline across a wide range of convolutional models. The source code to replicate all experiments is available on GitHub: \url{https://github.com/submission2019/cnn-quantization}.
Energy-efficient, utility accrual scheduling under resource constraints for mobile embedded systems (2006)

We present an energy-efficient, utility accrual, real-time scheduling algorithm called ReUA. ReUA considers an application model where activities are subject to time/utility function time constraints, mutual exclusion constraints on shared non-CPU resources, and statistical performance requirements on individual activity timeliness behavior. The algorithm targets mobile embedded systems where system-level energy consumption is also a major concern. For such a model, we consider the scheduling objectives of (1) satisfying the statistical performance requirements and (2) maximizing the system-level energy efficiency, while respecting resource constraints. Since the problem is NP-hard, ReUA allocates CPU cycles using statistical properties of application cycle demands, and heuristically computes schedules with a polynomial time cost. We analytically establish several timeliness and nontimeliness properties of the algorithm. Further, our simulation experiments illustrate ReUA's effectiveness and superiority.
Acousto-electric study of interface trapping defects in GaAs epitaxial structures (1998)

A new acousto{electrical method making use of transient transverse acousto{electric voltage (TAV) to study solid state structures is reported. This voltage arises after a surface acoustic wave (SAW) generating the signal is switched o . Related measurements consist in detecting the shape of transient voltage and its spectral and temperature dependence. Both theory and experiment show that this method is an e ective tool to characterize trapping centers in the bulk as well as at surfaces or interfaces of epitaxial semiconductor structures.
Hydroxyethyl starch enhances fibrinolysis in human plasma by diminishing α2-antiplasmin–plasmin interactions (2007)

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions are effective volume expanders but are also associated with poorly understood coagulopathy. Enhanced fibrinolysis following dilution with HES has been demonstrated. This investigation sought to identify the interactions of HES with critical fibrinolytic/antifibrinolytic enzymes. Normal plasma or plasmas deficient in factor XIII, thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor or alpha2-antiplasmin were either not diluted or were diluted 20% with 0.9% NaCl, 5% human albumin, high-molecular-weight HES (HES 450) or low-molecular-weight HES (HES 130). Plasma was activated with celite and exposed to 75 IU/ml tissue-type plasminogen activator. Coagulation growth/disintegration kinetics were determined with thrombelastography. Compared with undiluted plasma, diluted plasma had a significant decrease in the clot lysis time and the time to maximum rate of lysis in all plasma types except in alpha2-antiplasmin-deficient plasma. The hierarchy of the decrease in clot lysis time and time to maximum rate of lysis was HES 450 = HES 130 > 5% human albumin = 0.9% NaCl. In conclusion, HES dilution enhances fibrinolysis by diminishing alpha2-antiplasmin-plasmin interactions. Further laboratory and clinical investigation is warranted to better define the mechanisms by which HES enhances clot disintegration and to find new therapeutic roles for HES to either prevent or treat thrombosis.
Randomized Phase II/III Trial of Interferon Alfa-2a With and Without 13-<i>cis</i>-Retinoic Acid in Patients With Progressive Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Group (EORTC 30951) (2005)

Progression-free and overall survival for patients with progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with IFN-alpha-2a plus 13-CRA were significantly longer compared with patients on IFN-alpha-2a alone (P = .007 and P = .048, respectively). Improvement in efficacy in the combination arm was accompanied by increased, though not serious, toxicity.
The use of oral and topical antibiotics in acne (1981)

Journal Article The use of oral and topical antibiotics in acne Get access S. J. Adams, S. J. Adams *Departments of DermatologyLeeds General Infirmary, Leeds, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. M. Cooke, E. M. Cooke †Departments of MicrobiologyLeeds General Infirmary, Leeds, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. J. Cunliffe W. J. Cunliffe *Departments of DermatologyLeeds General Infirmary, Leeds, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 7, Issue suppl_A, 1981, Pages 75–80, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/7.suppl_A.75 Published: 01 January 1981
Additive and multiplicative loops of planar ternary rings (1955)

Introduction.Given an arbitrary countably infinite loop G, does there exist a planar ternary ring whose additive or multiplicative loop is isomorphic to G? The author is grateful to Professor Trevor Evans for pointing out this question, and is prepared to answer it in the affirmative.In fact, either the additive loop, the multiplicative loop, or both can be arbitrary; furthermore, if G is any countably infinite group, then there is a linear planar ring whose additive loop is isomorphic to G. Addition and multiplication arbitrary. If £ is a nonempty setwith distinct elements 0 (zero) and 1 (one, or the identity), and £ is a ternary operation such that F(a, b, c) is in £ for all a, b, cGR, and if (A)-(E) below are satisfied, then (£, £) is called a planar ternary ring (see [l, 2]).(A) F(a, 0, c) = £(0, b, c) =c, for all a, b, cGR.(B) F(a, 1, 0) =£(1, a, 0) =a, for all aGR.(C) If a, b, c, dGR, aj^c, then there is a unique x££ for which £(x, a, b)=F(x, c, d).(D) If a, b, cGR, then there is a unique x££ for which F(a, b, x) = c.(E) If a, b, c, dGR, aj^c, then there is a unique (ordered) pairx, yGR for which F(a, x, y) =b, F(c, x, y) =o\We define addition in £ by a + 6 = £(l, a, b), and multiplication by ab = F(a, b, 0).Then the set £, under addition, forms a loop with "identity" 0, and the set £* of nonzero elements of £, under multiplication, forms a loop with identity 1. (Sometimes a+b is defined as F(a, 1, b), as in [l ]; the following results carry through as well in this case.)These loops are called the additive and multiplicative loops, respectively.Now suppose £ is (without loss of generality) the set of nonnegative integers, and an additive loop is defined on £, with "identity" 0; suppose also that a multiplicative loop is defined on the set £* of positive integers, with identity 1.We wish to define a ternary operation £ on £ such that F(a, b, 0)=ab if a, 6££*, £(1, a, b)=a + b for all a, bGR, and such that (A)-(E) are satisfied.
[Relationship between serum albumin level and prognosis in children with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock]. (2012)

Hypoalbuminemia is common among children with sepsis/severe sepsis/septic shock and serum albumin level is closely related to prognosis. Serum albumin level monitoring on the basis of PCIS scoring has important clinical prognostic significance in evaluating the prognosis of severe sepsis/septic shock patients.
Cover Image (2018)

The cover image, by Sung Ryul Lee et al., is based on the Research Article Influence of Internet dissemination on hospital selection for benign surgical disease: A single center retrospective study, https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2545. Photo credit: Su Yeon Kim.
Sur de nouveaux siliciures et germaniures alcalins à structure clathrate : étude cristallochimique et physique (1970)

Les premiers travaux relatifs aux combinaisons des metaux alcalins avec le silicium ou le germanium datent du milieu du siecle dernier. Sainte-Claire Delville (1857) (1), Winkler (1864) (2) puis Vigouroux (1869) (3) (4), qui entreprirent les premieres recherches dans cette voie ne decelerent en fait aucune reaction entre le silicium et le sodium. Moissan (1902) (5) (6), apres avoir realise la synthese d'un siliciure de lithium auquel il attribua la formule Li6Si2, montra que le silicium reagissait sous vide avec le sodium ou le potassium pour former de petites quantites de siliciures difficiles a separer des produits de depart, et qu'il ne put identifier. Les premiers essais concernant les germaniures alcalins donnerent en revanche des resultats beaucoup plus concluants. En 1930 Dennis et Skow (7) apres avoir porte a 1000°C un melange equimoleculaire de germanium et de sodium dans un creuset de fer isolerent un germaniure de sodium correspondant a la formule NaGe...
Herbicide penetration across isolated and intact leaf cuticles (1990)

Abstract Penetration of four herbicides (atrazine, diclofop‐methyl, dinoseb and glyphosate‐mono(isopropylammonium) salt) was followed through isolated pear leaf cuticles into agar and across intact cuticles of Argenteum (ARG) mutant pea leaves from monosized droplets (300 μ diam.) during 48 h following application. Penetration into pea leaves ranged from low for glyphosatemono(isopropylammonium) (5% of amount applied) and atrazine (14%) to rapid for dinoseb (91%) and diclofop‐methyl (82%). A major proportion (90%) of the dinoseb retained in the tissues underlying the site of droplet application migrated across the cuticle and the epidermal layer of cells. In contrast, only a small proportion (13%) of the dinoseb entering the leaf was transported to the tissues surrounding the treatment zone. Corresponding values for diclofop‐methyl were 61% and 4% respectively. Initially, dinoseb also penetrated rapidly through isolated pear leaf cuticles, 36% of the applied dose being recovered in an agar receiver disc 4 h after treatment, but subsequent uptake was slower. Penetration of glyphosate‐mono(isopropylammonium) also decreased after 4 h whereas atrazine and diclofop‐methyl diffused steadily through isolated cuticles up to 216 h after treatment. The incorporation of ‘Tween 20’ or ‘Agral 90’ (1 g litre −1 ) into the formulation reduced the penetration of glyphosate‐mono(isopropylammonium) through isolated pear leaf cuticles.
Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticles with a pH-Sheddable Layer for<i>in Vivo</i>Targeting of Tumor Hypoxia (2011)

Inspired by the simplicity and versatility of layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, we applied multilayered polyelectrolyte assemblies on nanoparticles to create viable systemic delivery systems. Focusing on tumor-specific delivery, LbL nanoparticles that exhibit a pH-sensitive outer stealth layer are demonstrated to target and be retained in hypoxic tumor regions. The neutral layers shed in response to acidity to reveal a charged nanoparticle surface that is readily taken up by tumor cells. The first in vivo demonstration of this mechanism of targeting is presented, as well as an initial examination of the mechanism of uptake of the nanoparticles. We further demonstrate that this concept for tumor targeting is potentially valid for a broad range of cancers, with applicability for therapies that target hypoxic tumor tissue.
A cost-efficient partially-parallel irregular LDPC decoder based on sum-delta message passing algorithm (2008)

A partially-parallel decoder architecture for irregular LDPC code targeting high throughput and low cost applications is proposed. The design is based on a novel sum-delta message passing algorithm that facilitates the decoding throughput by removing redundant computations and decreases the hardware cost by optimizing the storage. Techniques such as binary sorting, parallel column operation, high performance pipelining are used to further speed up the message passing procedure. The synthesis result in TSMC 0.18 CMOS technology demonstrates that for (648,324) irregular LDPC code, our decoder achieves 7.5X improvement in throughput, which reaches 402 Mbps at the frequency of 200MHz, with 11% area reduction.
Intentional MPI programming in a visual development environment (2006)

BladeRunner is a research project that explores the use of intentional and code generative approaches to facilitate programming in MPI (Message Passing Interface) for parallel and distributed programming. The BladeRunner development environment provides an interactive visual approach based on figures representing higher level abstractions of MPI artifacts. This, along with direct manipulation of visual abstractions, allows the user to both view and express coding intentions clearly and rapidly. As a constructive programming paradigm, direct manipulation of figures translates into coding actions reflected into generated program code. Thus, programming focus is higher level, on visual representations for MPI programming concepts, and evolution of program state reflected in diagrams, instead of syntax or language structure details.We describe the BladeRunner prototype tool, built upon the Eclipse open-source platform, and discuss the vision for this work.