gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gamut clipping in color image processing (2000)

Multiple color coordinate systems are usually involved in color image applications or systems. Forward and backward transformations are used to switch between color coordinate systems. The out of gamut problem emerges when the color coordinate systems' gamut is different. Conventional approaches, including clipping R, G, B values and clipping luminance value are not ideal as they both produce severe error in the luminance component of the resulting color or reduce the contrast of the resulting image. We propose to clip the saturation value when a vector is out of the gamut of the LHS or YIQ space using the saturation processing equations. We have conducted experiments to compare three different clipping approaches. The experimental results show that the saturation clipping approach outperforms the other two approaches, in the sense that it can keep the luminance value unchanged. In addition, the contrast of the image produced by saturation clipping is much better than those produced by other clipping approaches.
Immunogenicity of Novel DosR Regulon-Encoded Candidate Antigens of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Three High-Burden Populations in Africa (2009)

Increasing knowledge about DosR regulon-encoded proteins has led us to produce novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens for immunogenicity testing in human populations in three countries in Africa to which tuberculosis (TB) is endemic. A total of 131 tuberculin skin test-positive and/or ESAT-6/CFP10-positive, human immunodeficiency virus-negative adult household contacts of active pulmonary TB cases from South Africa (n = 56), The Gambia (n = 26), and Uganda (n = 49) were tested for gamma interferon responses to 7 classical and 51 DosR regulon-encoded M. tuberculosis recombinant protein antigens. ESAT-6/CFP10 fusion protein evoked responses in >75% of study participants in all three countries. Of the DosR regulon-encoded antigens tested, Rv1733c was the most commonly recognized by participants from both South Africa and Uganda and the third most commonly recognized antigen in The Gambia. The four most frequently recognized DosR regulon-encoded antigens in Uganda (Rv1733c, Rv0081, Rv1735c, and Rv1737c) included the three most immunogenic antigens in South Africa. In contrast, Rv3131 induced the highest percentage of responders in Gambian contacts (38%), compared to only 3.4% of Ugandan contacts and no South African contacts. Appreciable percentages of TB contacts with a high likelihood of latent M. tuberculosis infection responded to several novel DosR regulon-encoded M. tuberculosis proteins. In addition to significant similarities in antigen recognition profiles between the three African population groups, there were also disparities, which may stem from genetic differences between both pathogen and host populations. Our findings have implications for the selection of potential TB vaccine candidates and for determining biosignatures of latent M. tuberculosis infection, active TB disease, and protective immunity.
An Alternative Mechanism of Bioluminescence Color Determination in Firefly Luciferase (2004)

Beetle luciferases (including those of the firefly) use the same luciferin substrate to naturally display light ranging in color from green (lambda(max) approximately 530 nm) to red (lambda(max) approximately 635 nm). In a recent communication, we reported (Branchini, B. R., Murtiashaw, M. H., Magyar, R. A., Portier, N. C., Ruggiero, M. C., and Stroh, J. G. (2002) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 2112-2113) that the synthetic adenylate of firefly luciferin analogue D-5,5-dimethylluciferin was transformed into the emitter 5,5-dimethyloxyluciferin in bioluminescence reactions catalyzed by luciferases from Photinus pyralis and the click beetle Pyrophorus plagiophthalamus. 5,5-Dimethyloxyluciferin is constrained to exist in the keto form and fluoresces mainly in the red. However, bioluminescence spectra revealed that green light emission was produced by the firefly enzyme, and red light was observed with the click beetle protein. These results, augmented with steady-state kinetic studies, were taken as experimental support for mechanisms of firefly bioluminescence color that require only a single keto form of oxyluciferin. We report here the results of mutagenesis studies designed to determine the basis of the observed differences in bioluminescence color with the analogue adenylate. Mutants of P. pyralis luciferase putative active site residues Gly246 and Phe250, as well as corresponding click beetle residues Ala243 and Ser247 were constructed and characterized using bioluminescence emission spectroscopy and steady state kinetics with adenylate substrates. Based on an analysis of these and recently reported (Branchini, B. R., Southworth, T. L., Murtiashaw, M. H., Boije, H., and Fleet, S. E. (2003) Biochemistry 42, 10429-10436) data, we have developed an alternative mechanism of bioluminescence color. The basis of the mechanism is that luciferase modulates emission color by controlling the resonance-based charge delocalization of the anionic keto form of the oxyluciferin excited state.
Computer-aided design and manufacture of minimum-weight structures (2001)

The requirements for minimum-weight structures were developed by A. G. M. Michell whose work was extended from Maxwell's Theorem. The similarity of structure problems and metal deformation problems allows the solution of Michell layouts by using slip-line field theory. Matrix operator methods were applied to determine shapes of tension and compression members for a variety of minimum-weight structures. Application examples are given, including torsion wheels, basic cantilevers, extended cantilevers and simply-supported beams. Numerical procedures were established to find structure layouts by using MatLab as the programming language with the use of matrix operators. The analysis for a framework as a truss was used to determine internal forces for the structure members. In order to obtain uniform stress and strain distributions required by Michell's theorem, the thickness dimensions were computed in proportion to the forces they carry. Solid models were then created in CAD software and imported into a rapid manufacturing machine to make prototypes for visualization and testing purposes. In general, a basic cantilever is defined by its depth, length and width. An optimization technique is therefore applied to define design variables from the engineering information to minimize errors of desired and generated geometries. A simply-supported symmetrical beam with a constant height was loaded in compression in the testing machine. An I-beam, occupying the same volume, having the same space and made from the same material, was also subjected to the same loads. The results show that the deflections of the Michell beam are close to the theoretical predictions and the Michell beam is substantially stronger than the I-beam.
A Parabolic Voltage Control Strategy for Burst Mode Converters with Constant Burst Frequency and Eliminated Audible Noise (2016)

To improve the conversion efficiency at light load, burst mode control is widely employed by power converters. One drawback of hysteresis burst mode control is that the burst frequency changes with different load, which would introduce audible noise to the system if burst frequency falls into audible frequency range. To solve the frequency variation and audible noise problems of burst-mode-controlled power converters, a parabolic voltage control method is proposed in this paper. A hysteresis burst-mode-controlled quasi-resonant boost converter is employed as an example. First, the operation principles of the boost converter are analyzed and the simplified circuit is obtained. Based on the simplified circuit, the frequency variation problem is studied and burst frequency change over different loads is calculated. Second, by analyzing the constitutive equations of the simplified circuit, inspired the derivation of parabolic current control, a pair of parabolic control carriers are obtained. The proposed parabolic carriers serve as the control band to achieve constant burst frequency, eliminating audible noise, and extending the light load efficiency to the whole load range. A comparison between parabolic voltage control and parabolic current control is conducted. It is found that parabolic voltage control can be seen as the dual of parabolic current control. In addition, the convergence process of the proposed parabolic voltage control is analyzed. The performance of the proposed control strategy is experimentally verified with prototype hardware.
New therapeutic approaches in the treatment of diabetic keratopathy: a review (2010)

The cornea is densely innervated, and the integrity of these nerve fibres is critical in maintaining the refractive and protective functions of the cornea. Many ocular and systemic diseases can adversely affect corneal sensory nerves and consequently impair their function, with vision loss being the inevitable consequence of severe corneal neurotrophic ulceration. However, current standard treatments regimens are often ineffective. Over the past three decades, the role of growth factors in maintaining the normal structure and function of the cornea, and in corneal epithelial healing, has become increasingly evident. Many preclinical and clinical trials have shown that growth factors and cytokines can significantly enhance epithelialization (epithelial proliferation and migration) and consequently accelerate wound healing. More recently, local/topical administration of insulin, naltrexone (opioid antagonist) and nicergoline (ergoline derivatives) were found to improve, and significantly increase, the corneal wound healing rate. This report reviews the major attributes of these growth factors and therapeutic agents that may be used in ameliorating impaired corneal wound healing, and presents a perspective on the potential clinical use of these agents as a new generation of ophthalmic pharmaceuticals for the treatment of diabetic keratopathy.
The influence of sample freezing at -80°C for 2-12 weeks on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration assayed by HPLC method on Bio-Rad D-10© auto-analyzer (2016)

Storage for up to 12 weeks at - 80 °C with a single freeze/thaw cycle does not affect HbA<sub>1c</sub> concentrations measured with HPLC method on Bio-Rad D-10<sup>®</sup> analyzer.
Anomaly Detection Using the Poisson Process Limit for Extremes (2014)

Anomaly detection starts from a model of normal behavior and classifies departures from this model as anomalies. This paper introduces a statistical non-parametric approach for anomaly detection that is based on a multivariate extension of the Poisson point process model for univariate extremes. The method is demonstrated on both a synthetic and a real-world data set, the latter being an unbalanced data set of acceleration data collected from movements of 7 pediatric patients suffering from epilepsy that is previously studied in [1]. The positive predictive values could be improved with an increase up to 12.9% (and a mean of 7%) while the sensitivity scores stayed unaltered. The proposed method was also shown to outperform an one-class SVM classifier. Because the Poisson point process model of extremes is able to combine information on the number of excesses over a fixed threshold with that on the excess values, a powerful model to detect anomalies is obtained that can be of high value in many applications.
A gate sizing method for glitch power reduction (2011)

Due to the difficulty in estimating dynamic power at the gate level, a quantity called power metric and its efficient calculation method are introduced in this work. Based on the proposed power metric, a heuristic gate sizing algorithm for glitch power reduction is proposed for semi-custom design. The proposed heuristic algorithm minimizes the total power metric of a circuit. According to the experimental results on 8 ISCAS85 benchmark circuits and 5 real industrial circuits, more than 30% average glitch power reduction and 15.5% average total power reduction can be achieved by means of the proposed algorithm, respectively. The achieved improvements on power and area both are more than those by means of conventional gate sizing algorithms.
Tissue-Specific, Hormonal, and Developmental Regulation of SCC-LacZ Expression in Transgenic Mice Leads to Adrenocortical Zone Characterization (1999)

We report here the study of the human CYP11A1 promoter in driving tissue-specific, developmentally and hormonally regulated reporter gene expression. A 4.4-kb fragment containing all known regulatory elements is more efficient than a short basal promoter fused to an upstream adrenal enhancer in driving reporter LacZ gene expression both in cell culture and in transgenic mice. The LacZ gene controlled by the 4.4- and 2.3-kb promoters was expressed in the adrenal cortex, testicular Leydig cells, ovarian corpora lutea, and granulosa cells. Transgene expression in the adrenals was stimulated by ACTH, indicating the presence of ACTH-responsive sequence. β-Galactosidase activity was first detected in the adrenal primordia at 11.5 days postcoitum. Its expression continued throughout all stages of adrenal development in a pattern similar to that of the endogenous CYP11A1, which was expressed in all zones of the adrenal cortex, but was strongest in the X zone. The X zone grew before puberty but regressed afterward, as did the levels of CYP11A1 and LacZ gene expression in the X zone. Our study of the CYP11A1 promoter in transgenic mice led to characterization of the adrenocortical zones.
Spread-based Heuristic for Sensor Selection in Sensor Networks (2006)

In this paper we propose a method for selecting an appropriate subset of sensors with a view to minimize estimation error while tracking a target with sensors spread across in a 2-dimensional plane. In particular, we address the problem of given N sensors, select n < N sensors to improve the given estimate of target location". Only the selected sensors need to measure distance to the target and communicate the same to the central "tracker". This minimizes the bandwidth and energy consumed in measurement and communication while achieving near minimum estimation error. In this paper, we have proposed that the sensors be selected based on three measures viz. (a) collinearity, (b) spread and (c) proximity to the target. We use least square error estimation technique to compute the target location using distance measurements subject to multiplicative errors from multiple sensors.
A New Reaction of Nitriles. VI. Unsaturated Amides<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Reaction of Nitriles. VI. Unsaturated Amides1Herman Plaut and John J. RitterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 9, 4076–4077Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01153a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01153a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views627Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Research on the differently expressed homeobox genes related to adenoid cystic carcinoma]. (2010)

As the key gene to cellular proliferation and differentiation, homeobox genes are closely relevant to the oncogenesis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland.
A collagenous protective coat enables <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> to evade insect immune responses (2006)

The ubiquitous fungal pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae kills a wide range of insects. Host hemocytes can recognize and ingest its conidia, but this capacity is lost on production of hyphal bodies. We show that the unusual ability of hyphal bodies to avoid detection depends on a gene (Mcl1) that is expressed within 20 min of the pathogen contacting hemolymph. A mutant disrupted in Mcl1 is rapidly attacked by hemocytes and shows a corresponding reduction of virulence to Manduca sexta. Mcl1 encodes a three domain protein comprising a hydrophilic, negatively charged N-terminal region with 14 cysteine residues, a central region comprising tandem repeats (GXY) characteristic of collagenous domains, and a C-terminal region that includes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-dependent cell wall attachment site. Immunofluorescence assay showed that hyphal bodies are covered by the N-terminal domains of MCL1. The collagen domain became antibody accessible after treatment with DTT, suggesting that the N termini are linked by interchain disulfide bonds and are presented on the cell surface by extended collagenous fibers. Studies with staining reagents and hemocyte monolayers showed that MCL1 functions as an antiadhesive protective coat because it masks antigenic structural components of the cell wall such as beta-glucans, and because its hydrophilic negatively charged nature makes it unattractive to hemocytes. A survey of 54 fungal genomes revealed that seven other species have proteins with collagenous domains suggesting that MCL1 is a member of a patchily distributed gene family.
기업도시와 지역발전 -기업도시의 개발을 지역발전과 연계시키기 위한 전략- (2005)

본 논문은 최근 활발하게 논의되고 있는 기업도시의 건설에 대한 이론적 바탕과 이념적 가치를 탐색하고 이에 근거하여 기업도시가 초래할 수 있는 부정적 측면을 조망함으로써 규범적 목표를 달성할 수 있는 개발전략을 제시하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 기업도시의 개발이 기업도시 일방의 성공만으로 귀결되지 않도록 하기 위해서는 현재 상호 조정되지 않은 채 파편적으로 시행되고 있는 다양한 개발정책들을 기업도시와 연관시켜 집중하는 전략을 써야 한다. 또한 시민사회의 광범위한 참여과정을 통하여 지역사회 전체의 이해와 부합하는 개발을 담보해 낼 수 있도록 전략적이고도 민주적인 과정을 확립하여야 한다. 지나친 시장지향형의 계획방식은 성장연대의 지나친 영향력 확대로 인하여 지역사회의 동반성장보다는 양극화를 초래할 가능성이 높기 때문이다. 한편 다양한 연계정책을 동반 시행함으로써 기업도시가 일종의 개발의 섬으로 전락하지 않도록 해야 할 것이다. 기업도시의 개발이익이 기업도시만이 아닌 지역사회 전체에 배분되도록 하는 세심한 배려가 필요하다.
p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Plays a Critical Role in Cardiomyocyte Survival but Not in Cardiac Hypertrophic Growth in Response to Pressure Overload (2004)

The molecular mechanism for the transition from cardiac hypertrophy, an adaptive response to biomechanical stress, to heart failure is poorly understood. The mitogen-activated protein kinase p38alpha is a key component of stress response pathways in various types of cells. In this study, we attempted to explore the in vivo physiological functions of p38alpha in hearts. First, we generated mice with floxed p38alpha alleles and crossbred them with mice expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the alpha-myosin heavy-chain promoter to obtain cardiac-specific p38alpha knockout mice. These cardiac-specific p38alpha knockout mice were born normally, developed to adulthood, were fertile, exhibited a normal life span, and displayed normal global cardiac structure and function. In response to pressure overload to the left ventricle, they developed significant levels of cardiac hypertrophy, as seen in controls, but also developed cardiac dysfunction and heart dilatation. This abnormal response to pressure overload was accompanied by massive cardiac fibrosis and the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes. These results demonstrate that p38alpha plays a critical role in the cardiomyocyte survival pathway in response to pressure overload, while cardiac hypertrophic growth is unaffected despite its dramatic down-regulation.
Abstract 28: Local Estrogen Treatment For Non-surgical Recontouring Of Auricular Cartilage (2020)

Purpose: Ear malformations afflict 5% of the population. Correction can be accomplished through ear splinting early in infancy. However, beyond this time point, splinting is ineffective, leaving a surgical solution. This is hypothesized to be due to retained circulating maternal estrogens, increasing hyaluronic acid in fetal cartilage, improving malleability. We evaluated the potential of exogenous estrogen application on splinted ears to provide long-term structural changes to achieve non-surgical recontouring of auricular cartilage. Methods: Ears of 9 New Zealand rabbits were folded and splinted, then randomly assigned to an experimental group (injected estrogen, topical estrogen, and untreated control) (n=6). Treatment ears received injected estrogen twice weekly or topical estrogen daily for 4 weeks. The splints were removed 2 weeks after treatment, and daily photographs were taken to calculate the retained fold angle. Biopsies were also taken for histologic analysis. Results: Splinting led to similar ear orientation (24°±5°, 26°±17°, and 29°±13°) for injected, topical, and control groups respectively. 5 days post-splinting, ear shapes stabilized, with injected estrogen exhibiting a significantly maintained angle (108°±29°) compared to topical estrogen (166°±7°) and control (173°±3°) (p<0.05). Auricular cartilage thickness and intracartilaginous hyaluronic acid of estrogen treated ears was also preserved compared to control 3 weeks after ceasing treatment. Conclusion: Results demonstrate the potential positive effect of local estrogen treatment in non-surgical remodeling of mature auricular cartilage. Future work is needed to more fully investigate the molecular mechanisms of estrogen treatment, optimize dose and frequency of treatment and develop a formulation to achieve functional dermal penetration.
Programmable Temperature Control System for Biological Materials (1982)

A system was constructed which allows programmable temperature-time control for a 5 cm3 sample volume of arbitrary biological material. The system also measures the parameters necessary for the determination of the sample volume specific heat and thermal conductivity as a function of temperature, and provides a detailed measurement of the temperature during phase change and a means of calculating the heat of the phase change.
A Phase Shift and Sum Method for UWB Radar Imaging in Dispersive Media (2019)

A phase shift and sum (PSAS) algorithm to image objects in dispersive media is presented. The algorithm compensates the phase shift of the scattered field from the receiver to the source for each frequency component in an ultra-wideband (UWB) and then integrates all the frequency responses. This method resolves the multispeed and multipath issue when UWB signals propagate in dispersive media. In addition, a multipath effect due to refraction on a curved boundary is also explored. By collecting data using a customized microwave measurement system of two different objects placed in a plastic graduated cylinder filled with glycerin, along the measured dielectric parameters of glycerin (a dispersive medium), high-quality reconstructed images are formed using PSAS. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons with two other traditional time-shift radar-based microwave imaging algorithms for the same objects under test demonstrate the advantages of PSAS.
Compact InGaAsP/InP 1×2 optical switch basedon carrier inducedsupression of modal interference (1997)

A novel, compact optical switch designed for use with integrated amplifiers to create more scalable photonic crossconnects is reported. The basic operation of the switch is described and experimentally verified. On/off ratios of 16.2 dB (7.5 dB) in the bar (cross) state are demonstrated with currents < 30 mA and a very low bar state excess loss of 0.5 dB.