gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fully vector quantised self-excited vocoder (2003)

A computationally efficient stochastic vector quantization (VQ) scheme for the quantization of LPC parameters with less than 25 bits is proposed. The complexity of the self-excited vocoder (SEV) is reduced by using fast algorithms based on an efficient representation of the innovation sequence. When the suggested VQ scheme is deployed in the improved SEV, good communications speech quality is obtained at 4.8 kb/s. When the bit rate is increased to 6.8 kb/s, near-toll-quality speech is achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Issues in enterprise e-mail management (1996)

The existing e-mail management standards are all proposed for specific e-mail technologies. Unless everyone agrees on a common backbone e-mail technology and its management, it will be difficult to tackle enterprise e-mail management. The authors provide management solutions to the following problems in an enterprise e-mail environment: message transfer agents (MTAs) and e-mail gateway monitoring; e-mail tracking; and congestion management. When an e-mail manager evaluates an e-mail protocol, it should examine how the protocol tackles these problems.
Distribution of Dye in Elms After Trunk or Root Injection (1982)

Abstract Acid fuchsin dye, when injected under 1.1 kg/cm 2 pressure through hollow, tapered spiles that had been driven into 1.5 cm diameter holes drilled 4 cm deep into elm tree trunks, came up in all the xylem vessel layers intersected by the holes except in the current year’s layer of the xylem. When the same dye was injected into comparable trees through the severed ends of roots, however, nearly all of it came up in the xylem vessel layer of the current year. This result may help to account for variable success in controlling Dutch elm disease by trunk injection of fungicides.
The regulation and structure of nonlife insurance in the United States (1993)

The insurance industry is underdeveloped in most developing countries because of low levels of income and wealth and because restrictive regulations inhibit the supply of insurance services. But several countries have begun to reform their insurance industries. To help those countries, the authors offer an overview of insurance regulation in the United States - and discuss the economics and market structure of nonlife insurance in entry and exit barriers, economies of scale, and conduct and performance studies. They conclude that the U.S. nonlife insurance industry exhibits low concentration at both national and state market levels. Concentration is low even on a line-by-line basis. The primary concern of regulators has been to protect policyholders from insolvency, but regulation has also often been used to protect the market position of local insurance companies against the entry of out-of-state competitors. Regulation has worked best when based on solvency monitoring, with limited restrictions on entry. It has been more harmful when it involved controls on premiums and products and on the industry's level of profitability. Over the years the industry has shown a remarkable degree of innovation, although it has also faced many serious and persistent problems. The problems include the widespread crisis in liability (including product liability and medical malpractice), the crisis in automobile insurance, the volatility of investment income, the effects of market-driven pricing and underwriting cycles, and the difficulty of measuring insurance solvency. The long-tailed lines of insurance - those that entail long delays in final settlements - are exposed to the vagaries of inflation and rising costs. Two mandatory lines - third party automobile insurance and workers'compensation (for work accidents) - account for nearly 55 percent of premiums. These two lines - plus medical malpractice, other liability, and aircraft insurance - had combined ratios well over 125 percent in 1989. The industry has some ability to collude and to set prices, but seems to be competitive and to earn profits below similarly situated financial firms. Insurance profitability is not consistently above or below normal returns, although earnings for mandatory and strictly regulated lines of automobile insurance and workers'compensation appear to be below-adequate for long-term viability.
Cavity dumping of a mode-locked pulsed Nd:YAG laser (1987)

The generation of single picosecond light pulses from a flashlamp-pumped active/passive mode-locked Nd:YAG laser with a 4 J pump threshold is described. A novel combination of an optically triggered avalanche transistor and a transistor-switched Pockels cell is used as a cavity dumper for single pulse selection. This leads to a reliable picosecond laser with a repetition rate up to 100 Hz. To improve the stability of the laser output an acousto-optic mode locker is added. A simple method of adjustment of the cavity length to the mode-locker frequency is described.
Nonlinear Fabry-Perot interferometers (1982)

Presents a review of current experimental progress on nonlinear Fabry-Perot interferometry placing particular emphasis on the phenomenon of optical bistability. After a short theoretical introduction outlining physical principles and device uses the authors describe the early experiments on Na, ruby and Kerr media. The most recent experiments on the semiconductors InSb, GaAs and Te constitute the most promising possibilities for practical applications.
Percutaneous introduction of suprapublic double lumen catheter into bladder for urodynamic examination. (1983)

A modified method of percutaneous introduction of a suprapubic double lumen catheter (8 Fr) into the bladder for urodynamic examination is described. This method permits to fill the bladder at the filling rate about 50-60 ml/min from the standard drip set, and the catheter can be percutaneously introduced into the bladder with safety.
Green Chemistry Experiments (2002)

The study and design of green chemistry will realize the goal that reduce negative impacts even no harmful to human health and the environment. The methods include microscale laboratory, semimicroscale technique,microwave chemistry and computer\|aided design in green chemistry experiment.
An Investigation of Subjective Tones by Means of the Steady Tone Phase Effect (1937)

Two strong pure tones, of frequencies in harmonic relation, when heard together have a sound depending in loudness and quality on the phase relation between the tones. This dependence may be observed either by the method of beats or by the method of steady tones. The phase effect is closely linked with pitch perceptions contrary to Ohm's law of acoustics, with subjective tones, and in general with the nonlinearity of the ear—i.e., the way the ear responds to sounds of large amplitude. A careful quantitative study of the steady tone phase effect was made with frequencies up to 500 cycles per second. The results indicated a need for important revisions in the concept of aural nonlinearity. These revisions are summarized in the proposal of a definition for the previously undefined and promiscuously used term, “subjective tone.”
Nuclease-Resistant c-di-AMP Derivatives That Differentially Recognize RNA and Protein Receptors (2016)

The ability of bacteria to sense environmental cues and adapt is essential for their survival. The use of second-messenger signaling molecules to translate these cues into a physiological response is a common mechanism employed by bacteria. The second messenger 3'-5'-cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) has been linked to a diverse set of biological processes involved in maintaining cell viability and homeostasis, as well as pathogenicity. A complex network of both protein and RNA receptors inside the cell activates specific pathways and mediates phenotypic outputs in response to c-di-AMP. Structural analysis of these RNA and protein receptors has revealed the different recognition elements employed by these effectors to bind the same small molecule. Herein, using a series of c-di-AMP analogues, we probed the interactions made with a riboswitch and a phosphodiesterase protein to identify the features important for c-di-AMP binding and recognition. We found that the ydaO riboswitch binds c-di-AMP in two discrete sites with near identical affinity and a Hill coefficient of 1.6. The ydaO riboswitch distinguishes between c-di-AMP and structurally related second messengers by discriminating against an amine at the C2 position more than a carbonyl at the C6 position. We also identified phosphate-modified analogues that bind both the ydaO RNA and GdpP protein with high affinity, whereas symmetrically modified ribose analogues exhibited a substantial decrease in ydaO affinity but retained high affinity for GdpP. These ligand modifications resulted in increased resistance to enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis by the GdpP enzyme. Together, these data suggest that these c-di-AMP analogues could be useful as chemical tools to specifically target subsections of second-messenger signaling pathways.
AC-BLSTM: Asymmetric Convolutional Bidirectional LSTM Networks for Text Classification (2016)

Recently deeplearning models have been shown to be capable of making remarkable performance in sentences and documents classification tasks. In this work, we propose a novel framework called AC-BLSTM for modeling sentences and documents, which combines the asymmetric convolution neural network (ACNN) with the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network (BLSTM). Experiment results demonstrate that our model achieves state-of-the-art results on five tasks, including sentiment analysis, question type classification, and subjectivity classification. In order to further improve the performance of AC-BLSTM, we propose a semi-supervised learning framework called G-AC-BLSTM for text classification by combining the generative model with AC-BLSTM.
Antisense-mediated hTERT inhibition specifically reduces the growth of human bladder cancer cells. (2003)

Specific hTERT inhibition causes remarkable short- and long-term effects on the growth of BCa cells and represents a promising new treatment option of solid tumors. We propose that this alternative treatment could be applied in terms of an instillation therapy.
The Contribution of Epithelial Sodium Channels to Alveolar Function in Health and Disease (2008)

Amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) play an important role in lung sodium transport. Sodium transport is closely regulated to maintain an appropriate fluid layer on the alveolar surface. Both alveolar type I and II cells have several different sodium-permeable channels in their apical membranes that play a role in normal lung physiology and pathophysiology. In many epithelial tissues, ENaC is formed from three subunit proteins: alpha, beta, and gamma ENaC. Part of the diversity of sodium-permeable channels in lung arises from assembling different combinations of these subunits to form channels with different biophysical properties and different mechanisms for regulation. Thus, lung epithelium has enormous flexibility to alter the magnitude of salt and water transport. In lung, ENaC is regulated by many transmitter and hormonal agents. Regulation depends upon the type of sodium channel but involves controlling the number of apical channels and/or the activity of individual channels.
Reduced graphene oxide and Ag wrapped TiO2 photocatalyst for enhanced visible light photocatalysis (2015)

A well-organised reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and silver (Ag) wrapped TiO2 nano-hybrid was successfully achieved through a facile and easy route. The inherent characteristics of the synthesized RGO-Ag/TiO2 were revealed through crystalline phase, morphology, chemical composition, Raman scattering, UV-visible absorption, and photoluminescence analyses. The adopted synthesis route significantly controlled the uniform formation of silver nanoparticles and contributed for the absorption of light in the visible spectrum through localized surface plasmon resonance effects. The wrapped RGO nanosheets triggered the electron mobility and promoted visible light shift towards red spectrum. The accomplishment of synergised effect of RGO and Ag well degraded Bisphenol A under visible light irradiation with a removal efficiency of 61.9%.
Studies on the preparation and properties of conductive polymer. I. Novel method to prepare metalized plastic from metal chelate of poly(vinyl alcohol) (1990)

Abstract A novel and easily processed conductive polymer was prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA). Metal chelate onto PVA film exhibited excellent surface resistivity around 10 0 –10 2 Ω/cm 2 when it was treated with reducing agents. The surface of these films was treated with reducing agents which possessed a definite metallic luster. The conducting surface proved to be metallized by x‐ray and FSCA analysis. The strongly adhering metal on the film was believed to be responsible for the enhancement of electrical conductivity. The factors that affect the conductivity of metallized film were also studied.
Controlled Pitch-Adjustment of Impeller Blades for an Intravascular Blood Pump (2012)

Thousands of mechanical blood pumps are currently providing circulatory support, and the incidence of their use continues to increase each year. As the use of blood pumps becomes more pervasive in the treatment of those patients with congestive heart failure, critical advances in design features to address known limitations and the integration of novel technologies become more imperative. To advance the current state-of-the-art in blood pump design, this study investigates the inclusion of pitch-adjusting blade features in intravascular blood pumps as a means to increase energy transfer; an approach not explored to date. A flexible impeller prototype was constructed with a configuration to allow for a variable range of twisted blade geometries of 60-250°. Hydraulic experiments using a blood analog fluid were conducted to characterize the pressure-flow performance for each of these twisted positions. The flexible, twisted impeller was able to produce 1-25 mmHg for 0.5-4 L/min at rotational speeds of 5,000-8,000 RPM. For a given twisted position, the pressure rise was found to decrease as a function of increasing flow rate, as expected. Generally, a steady increase in the pressure rise was observed as a function of higher twisted degrees for a constant rotational speed. Higher rotational speeds for a specific twisted impeller configuration resulted in a more substantial pressure generation. The findings of this study support the continued exploration of this unique design approach in the development of intravascular blood pumps.
Chemical etching of Si by Ag nanocatalysts in HF‐H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>: application to multicrystalline Si solar cell texturisation (2009)

Abstract Metal‐assisted chemical etching (MAE) was used as an alternative route to texturise the front surface of multicrystalline Si solar cells. Ag nanoparticles deposited by an electroless method on the Si surface acted as catalysts for Si etching in a solution containing HF and H 2 O 2 , an oxidizing species. MAE formed a duplex structure at the surface of the Si wafer consisting in a mesoporous Si layer that after dissolution in NaOH revealed the second structure, which is a macrotexturised surface. After texturisation, the effective reflectivity (AM1.5G, 400‐1000 nm) ranged between 12% and 15% depending on the duration of the dissolution treatment of the mesoporous layer. MAE texturised solar cells were compared to NaOH texturised solar cells made with similar wafers (∼25% in effective reflectivity). MAE texturisation leads to a gain in fill factor (FF) but not in short‐circuit current (J SC ) (from average values). The best MAE cell exhibited higher J SC (+2%) and efficiency (16.1%) compared to the best NaOH cell (15.7%). (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Components of Artificial Neural Networks Realized in CMOS Technology to be Used in Intelligent Sensors in Wireless Sensor Networks (2018)

The article presents novel hardware solutions for new intelligent sensors that can be used in wireless sensor networks (WSN). A substantial reduction of the amount of data sent by the sensor to the base station in the WSN may extend the possible sensor working time. Miniature integrated artificial neural networks (ANN) applied directly in the sensor can take over the analysis of data collected from the environment, thus reducing amount of data sent over the RF communication block. A prototype specialized chip with components of the ANN was designed in the CMOS 130 nm technology. An adaptation mechanism and a programmable multi-phase clock generator-components of the ANN-are described in more detail. Both simulation and measurement results of selected blocks are presented to demonstrate the correctness of the design.
Adsorption of Chlorinated Phenols from Aqueous Solution By Surfactant-Modified Pillared Clays (1991)

Abstract New pillared clay-based adsorbents have been prepared by incorporating a nonionic surfactant of general formula C 12–14 H 25–29 O(CH 2 CH 2 O) 5 H (commercial name, Tergitol 15S-5), during the synthesis of the aluminum hydroxide pillaring reagent. Different loadings of surfactant have been examined. The presence of the surfactant enhanced the adsorption capacity of the clay toward 3-monochlorophenol from aqueous solution. On the basis of adsorption results for a series of clays with increasing surfactant loadings, the best adsorbent was obtained at a surfactant loading of 255 mg/g of clay. At this loading, the surfactant occupies the micropores, as well as the mesopores and the external surfaces of the pillared clay. Analysis of the adsorption isotherms for 3-monochlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol, 3,4,5-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol at different pH shows that the most energetic adsorption sites are the surfactant-occupied micropores between pillars. Additional binding of chlorinated phenols occurs at surfactant sites on external surfaces and mesopores. Upon calcination at 500°C, the clay is converted to a conventional alumina-pillared clay with a basal spacing near 16 Å. This calcined product can be reused as an adsorbent for chlorinated phenols by readsorbing fresh surfactant. The recycled adsorbent exhibits performance properties comparable to the original adsorbent. These results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing a surfactant-modified pillared clay as a recyclable adsorbent and combustion catalyst for environmental pollutants.
Additional endpoints and overview of a mouse skeletal variant assay for detecting exposure to teratogens (1993)

CD-1 mice were exposed in utero to one of 14 treatment regimes, several of them being replicated, with close agreement between series. Prenatal exposure to a teratogenic dose at a sensitive time enabled detection of 10 of 14 teratogen regimes by alterations in frequency or severity of a substantial number of the 88 variants in the Skeletal Variant Assay System (SVAS) screen when examined at 60-65 days post natal (DPN). These included 2,4,5-T (245T), Trifluralin (TFL), Maneb (MNB), Decamethrin (DMT), Acetazolamide (ACZM) either at 8 days post-coitus (DPC) or days 9-11 PC, trypan blue (TB), or 5' Bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) on either 7 DPC, 8 DPC, or 9 DPC. Most of these observations have been reported elsewhere. All of the treatment regimes mentioned above, and another group of treatments, could be detected in the exposed CD-1 cohorts when additional endpoints were employed. One such endpoint was "frequently responding variants." These were: Interfrontals (IF), Parted Frontals (PF), Preoptic Sutures (PS), Foramina Transversaria Imperfecta of the first cervical (C) vertebra (FTI C1), FTI of the axis (C2), Accessory (Acc) Transverse Foramina (TF) of C3-C6, malformations of C3-C7, Fourteen (14) Ribs, Carpal Fusions (Fus), Lumbar Fus, 27-Presacral Vertebrae (PSV), and Sacral Fus. This endpoint revealed significant differences in the initial group of 10, plus Captan (CAPT) and Phenytoin (DPH). Yet another useful endpoint reported here was the existence of high magnitude effects (i.e., dramatic alterations in frequency of occurrence of a variant). These included IF in TB and ACZM; PF in ACZM; PS in BUDR; FTI-C1 in TB and 245T; FTI-C2 in 245T; 14 Ribs in ACZM, BUDR, and TFL; Carpal Fus in TB; 27-PSV in ACZM; Fewer than (<) 30 Caudal Vertebrae (Vert) in 245T, TFL; Caudal Fus in TB, ACZM-D9. Eight treatment regimes in all could be detected by the existence of 3 or more high magnitude effects (245T, MNB, TB, ACZM8, ACZM9-11, phenytoin, and possibly BUDR on days 7 or 8, each seen in one of two series only). Clusters of related variants were affected in 9 of the 14 groups: Frontal (F) bones and C Vert in 245T; F bones in ACZM-D8; Fus in Posterior Vert Column in ACZM-D9-11; C Vert and Fus in Vert and articular skeleton in TB; Thoracic (Th) Vert and rib-cage effects in BUDR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Virtually augmenting hundreds of real pictures: An approach based on learning, retrieval, and tracking (2010)

Tracking is a major issue of virtual and augmented reality applications. Single object tracking on monocular video streams is fairly well understood. However, when it comes to multiple objects, existing methods lack scalability and can recognize only a limited number of objects. Thanks to recent progress in feature matching, state-of-the-art image retrieval techniques can deal with millions of images. However, these methods do not focus on real-time video processing and can not track retrieved objects. In this paper, we present a method that combines the speed and accuracy of tracking with the scalability of image retrieval. At the heart of our approach is a bi-layer clustering process that allows our system to index and retrieve objects based on tracks of features, thereby effectively summarizing the information available on multiple video frames. As a result, our system is able to track in real-time multiple objects, recognized with low delay from a database of more than 300 entries.
Mechanisms of Peptide Immunotherapy in Allergic Airways Disease (2014)

Allergen immunotherapy with whole proteins is clinically efficacious but requires a protracted treatment period because of frequent allergic adverse events. A combination of duration of treatment and adverse events leads to poor compliance. Short synthetic peptides containing the major immunodominant T cell epitopes of allergenic proteins have been shown to reduce IgE cross-linking ability, thereby leading to fewer allergic adverse events following their administration to patients with allergies. Peptide immunotherapy has been shown to result in clinically meaningful efficacy in several Phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Exactly how peptide immunotherapy achieves its efficacy remains incompletely understood, but the mechanisms are thought to include immune deviation and induction of regulatory T cells capable of suppressing allergen-specific immune responses. Limited data are available on the effects of peptide therapy on humoral immune responses. Induction of allergen-specific IgG has been observed after peptide therapy, but the levels of antibody induced were much lower than generally seen with the utilization of whole allergen approaches. Thus, the immunological mechanisms of peptide immunotherapy appear to overlap, although not completely, with those seen in whole allergen therapy. Further studies are required to fully elucidate mechanisms of action.