gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Generation of a Multimedia Encyclopedia from TV Programs by Using Closed Captions and Detecting Principal Video Objects (2006)

This paper proposes a method for automatically generating a multimedia encyclopedia from video clips using closed-caption text information. The goal is to automatically index each video segment of the television program by the principal video object. We focus on several features of the closed-caption text style in order to identify the principal video objects. Using Quinlan's C4.5 decision-tree learning algorithm and the predicted accuracies of production rule indicators, one object noun is extracted for each video shot. To show the effectiveness of the method, we conducted experiments on the extraction of video segments in which animals appear in twenty television programs on animals and nature. We obtained a precision rate of 74.6 percent and a recall rate of 51.4 percent on the extraction of video segments in which animals appear, and generated a multimedia encyclopedia comprising 322 video clips showing 82 kinds of animals
An interaction model for scientific visualization using sound (2004)

In scientific visualization, interaction tools allow users to navigate through volume and explore its features, helping information understanding. The use of sound as a data display tool (sonification) has also been shown to support information understanding and may help dealing with adding dimensions to a visual display. However, thus far the issues of data exploration tools and sonification have been treated separately by the visualization community. We present an interaction model for scientific visualization that considers the main issues related to sonification, and shows a prototype implemented to illustrate the proposed model. The prototype is a class library that implements a number of interaction tools with sonification functions, which is freely available and can be employed in general purpose visualization applications.
DNA Copy Number Variation and Gene Expression Analyses Reveal the Implication of Specific Oncogenes and Genes in GBM (2009)

To understand the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) we used high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization arrays and gene expression microarrays to identify DNA copy number alterations and gene expression changes in comparable sets of GBM samples. Gains were detected at chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 9, 12, 19, and 20 and losses at 6, 9, and 10. Gene expression analyses identified specific genes overexpressed in GBM mapping at amplified chromosomal regions. Among these genes we found genes involved in angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and several oncogenes. DNA copy number analysis along with gene expression profiles provides a powerful strategy to understand tumor progression and identification of genes involved in GBM pathogenesis.
Technical Implications in Revision Surgery for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the Thalamus for Refractory Epilepsy (2018)

To reduce the rate of electrode misplacement for refractory epilepsy, image-based targeting of the ANT according to individual anatomical variation, and efforts to minimize intraoperative brain shift are essential. To verify the location of the electrode, MRI examination is mandatory in DBS for refractory epilepsy.
Effect of the 21-aminosteroid U-74006F on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction and bronchoalveolar eosinophilia in allergic sheep (1996)

U-74006F, a non-glucocorticoid 21-aminosteroid, has been developed as an inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. This class of compounds has been shown to prevent antigen-induced eosinophil accumulation in the lungs. In this study, Ascaris-sensitive, "dual-respondent" sheep (showing both immediate (IAR) and late (LAR) asthmatic response) (n = 6) were used to assess the effect of U-74006F on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation and reactivity 8 h after antigen challenge. Antigen provocation induced dual-phase bronchoconstriction, bronchoalveolar eosinophilia and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine. Throughout the experiment, intravenous administration of the drug significantly reduced the IAR and inhibited the LAR along with the inhibition of eosinophil influx, but did not inhibit the increase in airway reactivity observed 8 h after antigen challenge. Post-antigen challenge treatment with U-74006 from 3 h after antigen challenge also significantly reduced the LAR and bronchoalveolar eosinophilia, although the degree of inhibitory effect was milder. The development of the LAR appeared to be dependent on eosinophil recruitment into the lungs. These findings suggest that lipid peroxidation is involved in antigen-induced bronchoconstriction and eosinophil recruitment into the lungs, and that the inhibitor U-74006F may be an effective drug for the treatment of bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation characterized by eosinophil infiltration in asthmatics.
Foot Orthotics in Therapy and Sport (1995)

Introduction to orthotic therapy relation of foot biomechanics to lower extremity pathology orthotic and related research biomechanical examination casting and moulds equipment and materials in-office fabrication of semi-rigid orthotics rigid orthotics orthotics for special conditions orthotic systems practical concerns of the patient.
Prediction of CASP6 structures using automated robetta protocols (2005)

The Robetta server and revised automatic protocols were used to predict structures for CASP6 targets. Robetta is a publicly available protein structure prediction server (http://robetta.bakerlab.org/ that uses the Rosetta de novo and homology modeling structure prediction methods. We incorporated some of the lessons learned in the CASP5 experiment into the server prior to participating in CASP6. We additionally tested new ideas that were amenable to full-automation with an eye toward improving the server. We find that the Robetta server shows the greatest promise for the more challenging targets. The most significant finding from CASP5, that automated protocols can be roughly comparable in ability with the better human-intervention predictors, is repeated here in CASP6.
A general approach for determining 3D motion and structure of multiple objects from image trajectories (2002)

Presents a general approach to determine the 3D motion and structure of multiple objects undergoing arbitrary motions. We segment the scene based on 3D motion parameters. First, the general motion model is fitted to each single trajectory. For this nonlinear fitting, initial estimates are obtained by a linear multiple-motion SFM (structure from motion) algorithm using the first two frames. Next, trajectories are clustered into groups corresponding to different moving objects. In our approach, discontinuous trajectories, resulting from occlusion, are also allowed. Finally, multiple trajectory fitting is applied to each trajectory group to improve the estimates further. Our simulation results show that the proposed method is robust.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conclusions (2010)

What are the main conclusions that can be drawn form the contents of this book? First, Asia Minor cannot be reduced to a periphery of the Fertile Crescent or Mesopotamia, on the one hand, and the Aegean, on the other. Nor is Asia Minor a clearly bounded entity either geographically or culturally. Any division of the globe is arbitrary, and especially in the Aegean and the Marmara Region, the distinction between Asia Minor and adjacent areas is often arbitrary. Nonetheless, clear cultural differences between Asia Minor and regions to the east can be documented from the Early Neolithic to the EBA. In the west, the Sea of Marmara was a cultural watershed in the Neolithic and the subsequent Chalcolithic, but this was no longer the case in the Late Chalcolithic and the EBA. In the Aegean, cultural connections between mainland Asia Minor and the islands appear to have been especially strong in the Middle Chalcolithic and the EBA II and III periods.
Design and evaluation of an Ethernet-based residential network (1996)

When the information superhighway arrives at the neighborhood, a residential network will connect home appliances to the community access network. These appliances include personal computers, printers, and video clients. Among all local-area network (LAN) protocols, Ethernet is the most economic and the most popular. The unique characteristics of residential networks call for new performance studies. A residential network typically has few nodes and runs different applications than business and academic LANs. Consequently, residential networks have traffic characteristics different from the subject of existing studies. We constructed a residential network testbed to collect typical application traffic statistics. Additional live traffic characterization was obtained from campus networks. Also, we investigated the suitability of Ethernet for video distribution through simulation. This paper discusses the design issues for residential networks and presents a network design that is based on Ethernet technology. Traffic models are established from the actual traffic traces and used for the performance evaluation of residential networks. Furthermore, several future data traffic scenarios are considered with bandwidth up to 6 Mb/s by scaling up current data traffic. The simulation results of the performance suggest that Ethernet can be used as a cost-effective residential network for video and data communications.
Clustered Charged Amino Acids of Human Adenosine Deaminase Comprise a Functional Epitope for Binding the Adenosine Deaminase Complexing Protein CD26/Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (2002)

Human adenosine deaminase (ADA) occurs as a 41-kDa soluble monomer in all cells. On epithelia and lymphoid cells of humans, but not mice, ADA also occurs bound to the membrane glycoprotein CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV. This "ecto-ADA" has been postulated to regulate extracellular Ado levels, and also the function of CD26 as a co-stimulator of activated T cells. The CD26-binding site of human ADA has been localized by homolog scanning to the peripheral alpha2-helix (amino acids 126-143). Among the 5 non-conserved residues within this segment, Arg-142 in human and Gln-142 in mouse ADA largely determined the capacity for stable binding to CD26 (Richard, E., Arredondo-Vega, F. X., Santisteban, I., Kelly, S. J., Patel, D. D., and Hershfield, M. S. (2000) J. Exp. Med. 192, 1223-1235). We have now mutagenized conserved alpha2-helix residues in human and mouse ADA and used surface plasmon resonance to evaluate binding kinetics to immobilized rabbit CD26. In addition to Arg-142, we found that Glu-139 and Asp-143 of human ADA are also important for CD26 binding. Mutating these residues to alanine increased dissociation rates 6-11-fold and the apparent dissociation constant K(D) for wild type human ADA from 17 to 112-160 nm, changing binding free energy by 1.1-1.3 kcal/mol. This cluster of 3 charged residues appears to be a "functional epitope" that accounts for about half of the difference between human and mouse ADA in free energy of binding to CD26.
AMP-activated protein kinase-independent inhibition of hepatic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by AICA riboside (2007)

AICA riboside (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside) has been extensively used in cells to activate the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), a metabolic sensor involved in cell energy homoeostasis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of AICA riboside on mitochondrial oxidative; phosphorylation. AICA riboside was found to dose-dependently inhibit the oligomycin-sensitive JO2 (oxygen consumption rate) of isolated rat hepatocytes. A decrease in P(i) (inorganic phosphate), ATP, AMP and total adenine nucleotide contents was also observed with AICA riboside concentrations >0.1 mM. Interestingly, in hepatocytes from mice lacking both alpha1 and alpha2 AMPK catalytic subunits, basal JO2 and expression of several mitochondrial proteins were significantly reduced compared with wild-type mice, suggesting that mitochondrial biogenesis was perturbed. However, inhibition of JO2 by AICA riboside was still present in the mutant mice and thus was clearly not mediated by AMPK. In permeabilized hepatocytes, this inhibition was no longer evident, suggesting that it could be due to intracellular accumulation of Z nucleotides and/or loss of adenine nucleotides and P(i). ZMP did indeed inhibit respiration in isolated rat mitochondria through a direct effect on the respiratory-chain complex I. In addition, inhibition of JO2 by AICA riboside was also potentiated in cells incubated with fructose to deplete adenine nucleotides and P(i). We conclude that AICA riboside inhibits cellular respiration by an AMPK-independent mechanism that likely results from the combined intracellular P(i) depletion and ZMP accumulation. Our data also demonstrate that the cellular effects of AICA riboside are not necessarily caused by AMPK activation and that their interpretation should be taken with caution.
Giant magnetoelectric effect in Metglas/polyvinylidene-fluoride laminates (2006)

Here, the authors report thin (&lt;100μm) and flexible magnetoelectric (ME) composites consisting of Metglas (high-μ magnetostriction) and polyvinylidene-fluoride (piezopolymer) layers laminated together. Both unimorph and three-layer configurations have been studied. The authors find that these ME laminates (i) require dc magnetic biases as low as 8Oe to (ii) induce giant ME voltage coefficients of 7.2V∕cmOe at low frequencies, and up to 310V∕cmOe under resonant drive.
Coexistence of Wi-Fi and LAA Networks With Adaptive Energy Detection (2017)

Licensed-assisted access (LAA) of the long term evolution (LTE) has been standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in Release 13 to address the urgent issues of ever-increasing traffic demands in cellular systems. However, challenges arise for the efficient coexistence of Wi-Fi and LAA in the same unlicensed spectrum. In this paper, the impact of LAA's energy detection thresholds on such coexistence are investigated from the perspective of collisions occurring during downlink transmissions. To facilitate the efficient coexistence of Wi-Fi and LAA, a distributed algorithm is proposed to adaptively change the energy detection thresholds of LAA per user or per base station, so that the system encourages more concurrent transmissions without introducing too many collisions. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive algorithm.
Biosynthesis of riboflavin. Bifunctional pyrimidine deaminase/reductase of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1996)

Conference Article| February 01 1996 Biosynthesis of riboflavin. Bifunctional pyrimidine deaminase/reductase of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis Markus Fischer; Markus Fischer ∗Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Sabine Eberhardt; Sabine Eberhardt ∗Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Gerald Richter; Gerald Richter ∗Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Cornelia Krieger; Cornelia Krieger ∗Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Ine Gerstenschläger; Ine Gerstenschläger #Department of Microbiology, TH Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Adelbert Bacher Adelbert Bacher ∗Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (1): 35S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024035s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Markus Fischer, Sabine Eberhardt, Gerald Richter, Cornelia Krieger, Ine Gerstenschläger, Adelbert Bacher; Biosynthesis of riboflavin. Bifunctional pyrimidine deaminase/reductase of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1996; 24 (1): 35S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024035s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Adversarial Examples on Graph Data: Deep Insights into Attack and Defense (2019)

Graph deep learning models, such as graph convolutional networks (GCN) achieve remarkable performance for tasks on graph data. Similar to other types of deep models, graph deep learning models often suffer from adversarial attacks. However, compared with non-graph data, the discrete features, graph connections and different definitions of imperceptible perturbations bring unique challenges and opportunities for the adversarial attacks and defenses for graph data. In this paper, we propose both attack and defense techniques. For attack, we show that the discreteness problem could easily be resolved by introducing integrated gradients which could accurately reflect the effect of perturbing certain features or edges while still benefiting from the parallel computations. For defense, we observe that the adversarially manipulated graph for the targeted attack differs from normal graphs statistically. Based on this observation, we propose a defense approach which inspects the graph and recovers the potential adversarial perturbations. Our experiments on a number of datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Accelerating Biologics Manufacturing by Upstream Process Modelling (2019)

Intensified and accelerated development processes are being demanded by the market, as innovative biopharmaceuticals such as virus-like particles, exosomes, cell and gene therapy, as well as recombinant proteins and peptides will possess no available platform approach. Therefore, methods that are able to accelerate this development are preferred. Especially, physicochemical rigorous process models, based on all relevant effects of fluid dynamics, phase equilibrium, and mass transfer, can be predictive, if the model is verified and distinctly quantitatively validated. In this approach, a macroscopic kinetic model based on Monod kinetics for mammalian cell cultivation is developed and verified according to a general valid model validation workflow. The macroscopic model is verified and validated on the basis of four decision criteria (plausibility, sensitivity, accuracy and precision as well as equality). The process model workflow is subjected to a case study, comprising a Chinese hamster ovary fed-batch cultivation for the production of a monoclonal antibody. By performing the workflow, it was found that, based on design of experiments and Monte Carlo simulation, the maximum growth rate µmax exhibited the greatest influence on model variables such as viable cell concentration XV and product concentration. In addition, partial least squares regressions statistically evaluate the correlations between a higher µmax and a higher cell and product concentration, as well as a higher substrate consumption.
Capital Punishment in Theory and Practice (1998)

While there was unanimity that convicted criminals should be punished, there were marked differences about why and how this should be done. The purpose of punishment or, more accurately, of the balance of punishment, was much disputed. Three different elements need to be distinguished: the retributive, the deterrent and the reformative. The idea of retribution is perhaps the oldest, but it would be misleading to see it simply as a ‘primitive’ attitude, diminishing in importance over time. The idea that punishment expresses ‘society’s’ disapproval of crime and is the means whereby the criminal repays his debt to society for the crime that he or she has committed was a powerful and continuing one. As James Fitzjames Stephen put it, ‘the sentence of law is to the moral sentiment of the public in relation to any offence what a seal is to hot wax’.1 A second consideration was the deterrent effect of punishment. The sight of a corpse dangling at the rope’s end or the knowledge that a long prison sentence was the fate of the nineteenth-century criminal was intended to deter the ordinary citizen from straying into criminal behaviour. The theatre of the gallows in the eighteenth century was seen to be a means whereby ordinary men and women could be made vividly aware of the consequences of criminal behaviour and thereby deterred from committing such acts by the ‘aweful’ consequences displayed before their eyes. The idea that punishment should deter persisted: ‘hard labour, hard fare and a hard bed’ was the late nineteenth-century formula. Thirdly, and increasingly from the late eighteenth century onwards, the reformative aspect of punishment was advocated. Whether through revelation or rationality, prisoners were to be transformed by the experience of prison.
Metallocalixarenes: syntheses and x-ray crystal structures of titanium(IV), iron(III), and cobalt(II) complexes of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetallocalixarenes: syntheses and x-ray crystal structures of titanium(IV), iron(III), and cobalt(II) complexes of p-tert-butylcalix[4]areneMarilyn M. Olmstead, Gary Sigel, Hakon Hope, Xiaojie Xu, and Philip P. PowerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 26, 8087–8091Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00312a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00312a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views846Altmetric-Citations149LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts