gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inactive and temperature-sensitive folding mutants generated by tryptophan substitutions in the membrane-bound D-lactate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli (1991)

A combination of site-specific mutagenesis and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance has been used to investigate the structural properties of D-lactate dehydrogenase, a membrane-associated enzyme of Escherichia coli. The protein (65,000 Da) has been labeled with 5-fluorotryptophan for 19F nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Tryptophan has been substituted for individual phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine, and leucine residues at various positions throughout the enzyme molecule, and the fluorinated native and substituted tryptophan residues have been used as probes of the local environment. All 24 mutants thus generated are expressed in E. coli. Ten are fully active and purfiable following the usual procedure, while 14 either are inactive or produce low levels of activity. The amount of active enzyme produced from the low-yield mutants is dependent on the temperature at which synthesis is carried out, with more active enzyme produced at 18 degrees C than at 27, 35, or 42 degrees C. Cells grown at 27 degrees C and then incubated at 42 degrees C retain 90-100% of their activity. All of the expressed protein from the inactive mutants is Triton-insoluble, aggregated, and not readily purfiable; the inactive mutant protein appears to be improperly folded. Most of the expressed D-lactate dehydrogenase from the partially active mutants is also Triton-insoluble; a small fraction, however, is soluble in Triton and can be purified to yield active enzyme. All the purified enzymes from these low-yield mutants of D-lactate dehydrogenase have essentially normal VmaxS, and all but two have normal KmS. Once purified, the low-yield mutant enzymes are stable at 42 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The effect of auditory stimulus training on swimming start reaction time (2018)

Task-specific auditory training can improve sensorimotor processing times of the auditory reaction time (RT). The majority of competitive swimmers do not conduct habitual start training with the electronic horn used to commence a race. We examined the effect of four week dive training interventions on RT and block time (BT) of 10 male adolescent swimmers (age 14.0 ± 1.4 years): dive training with auditory components (speaker and electronic horn) (<i>n</i> = 5) and dive training without auditory components (<i>n</i> = 5). Auditory stimulus dive training significantly reduced swimming start RT, compared with dive training without auditory components (<i>p</i> < 0.01), with a group mean RT reduction of 13 ± 9 ms. Four of the five swimmers that received auditory stimulus training showed medium to large effect size reductions in RT (<i>d</i> = 0.74; 1.32; 1.40; 1.81). No significant changes to swimmers' BTs were evident in either dive training intervention. The adolescent swimmers' results were compared against six male elite swimmers (age 19.8 ± 1.0 years). The elite swimmers had significantly shorter BTs (<i>p</i> < 0.05) but no significant difference in RTs. Auditory stimulus dive training should be explored further as a mechanism for improving swimming start performance in elite swimmers who have pre-established optimal BTs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of Some 2,3‐Dihydroimidazo‐(1,2‐a)benzimidazoles and Their Intermediates. (1987)

Abstract The imidazobenzimidazoles (III) and (VIII) are prepared from the hydroxy compounds (I) and (VI) via the corresponding chloro derivatives (II) and (VII).
Parallelization Research of SapTis-Software of Multi-Field Simulation and Nonlinear Analysis of Complex Structures (2013)

SapTis is a software of simulation and nonlinear analysis of complex structures which based on the FEM method, this paper discussed the key technology of FEM parallelization and then the parallelization strategy of SapTis is given; There are three realization for the SapTis parallelization:Make fine grain parallelism to the PCG solution on the OpenMP platform; the other Krylov subspace method solutions and preconditioners was developed on the MPI platform; the sparse direct solutions was developed on the OpenMP platform. Test results show that there are high efficiency of the three parallel realization for SapTis, and each had its own characteristics. In addition, the GPU solution is still in development which will make the SapTis software more powerful, flexible and adaptable.
Targeted Gene Expression Using the <i>GAL4/UAS</i> System in the Silkworm <i>Bombyx mori</i> (2003)

The silkworm Bombyx mori is one of the most well-studied insects in terms of both genetics and physiology and is recognized as the model lepidopteran insect. To develop an efficient system for analyzing gene function in the silkworm, we investigated the feasibility of using the GAL4/UAS system in conjunction with piggyBac vector-mediated germ-line transformation for targeted gene expression. To drive the GAL4 gene, we used two endogenous promoters that originated from the B. mori actin A3 (BmA3) and fibroin light-chain (FiL) genes and the artificial promoter 3xP3. GFP was used as the reporter. In initial tests of the function of the GAL4/UAS system, we generated transgenic animals that carried the UAS-GFP construct plus either BmA3-GAL4 or 3xP3-GAL4. GFP fluorescence was observed in the tissues of GFP-positive animals, in which both promoters drove GAL4 gene expression. Animals that possessed only the GAL4 gene or UAS-GFP construct did not show GFP fluorescence. In addition, as a further test of the ability of the GAL4/UAS system to drive tissue-specific expression we constructed FiL-GAL4 lines with 3xP3-CFP as the transformation marker. FiL-GAL4 x UAS-GFP crosses showed GFP expression in the posterior silk gland, in which the endogenous FiL gene is normally expressed. These results show that the GAL4/UAS system is applicable to B. mori and emphasize the potential of this system for controlled analyses of B. mori gene function.
Accession of hand hygiene for health professionals in neonatal intensive care / Adesão da higienização das mãos por profissionais de saúde em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (2013)

Este estudo tem como objetivos, levantar os fatores facilitadores e dificultadores na adesão da realização da higienização das mãos por profissionais de saúde em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de uma maternidade pública. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo descritivo e foi realizada em uma maternidade pública de Teresina. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2011. Os resultados mostram que os fatores facilitadores para adesão da higienização das mãos foram às campanhas informativas e a disponibilidade de material adequado. Já os fatores que dificultam esta prática são: utilização de pia inadequada e o esquecimento. O estudo mostra também que os técnicos de enfermagem juntamente com os enfermeiros tiveram índice de adesão menor que os médicos. Sendo assim, faz-se necessária a implementação de medidas que viabilizem esta prática, evitando a disseminação das infecções hospitalares. Descritores: Higienização. Infecção Hospitalar. Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Enfermagem.
INVESTIGATION OF MOTION-COMPENSATED LIFTED WAVELET TRANSFORMS (2003)

This paper investigates lifted Wavelet transforms applied in the temporal direction of a video sequence. Due to the motion between pairs of frames, motion compensation is utilized in the lifting steps. We discuss the modified Haar and 5/3 Wavelet kernel and provide experimental results for dyadic decompositions with various levels. Further, we utilize a signal model for a theoretical discussion of both kernels. We generalize and replace the dyadic decompositions by the Karhunen-Loeve Transform in order to provide theoretical performance bounds for the compression efficiency of these coding schemes.
Producing Stable Pyrolysis Liquids from the Oil-Seed Presscakes of Mustard Family Plants: Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) and Camelina (Camelina sativa)<sup>†</sup> (2010)

Natural oil from non-food oil seeds, such as camelina, jatropha, and pennycress, is increasingly becoming the feedstock of choice for biodiesel production through transesterification to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and green diesel via catalytic hydrotreating. Unlike the presscakes from food-based feedstocks, such as soy and palm fruits, the residual oil-extracted presscakes are often not suitable for consumption as animal feed. However, their abundance and the fact that these feedstocks are already collected give them a logistic advantage as a bioenergy resource over conventional lignocellulosic biomass, which is yet to be harvested. Vegetable oil-seed presscakes make an ideal thermochemical conversion feedstock because of their inherently high initial calorific value. We carried out fast pyrolysis of the entire value chain of two of the mustard family oil seeds, pennycress and camelina, and found that, at the optimum fast pyrolysis conditions, not only can high-carbon, high-energy liquid fuel intermediates be produced but also these liquids are low-oxygen, stable intermediates that do not oligomerize over time to higher molecular weight or increase in viscosity over time according to the accelerated aging test. Liquid fuel quality was high, with gross calorific value ranging between 29.0 MJ/kg for defatted oil to 34.7 MJ/kg for the whole seed on a dry basis. The corresponding carbon conversion efficiency, defined as feed carbon converted to the liquid pyrolysate, ranged between 60 and 80%. It is envisioned that co-location of a fast pyrolysis process with a green-diesel plant that uses these feedstocks could provide additional gallons of renewable biofuels and a reliable source of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds needed for the formulation of renewable jet fuels.
Dimerisation of nitrile oxides: a quantum-chemical study (2009)

The [3 + 2] and [3 + 3] cyclodimerisation processes of small nitrile oxides, XCNO (X = F, Cl, Br, CN, CH(3)) are investigated by ab initio coupled cluster theory at the CCSD, CCSD(T) and MR-AQCC levels for the first time. The favoured dimerisation process is a multi-step reaction to furoxans (1,2,5-oxadiazole-2-oxides) involving dinitrosoalkene-like intermediates with diradical character. The rate determining step for all but the F-species is the first, corresponding to the C-C bond formation. The kinetic energy barrier depends on the nature of the substituent X, generally increasing with decreasing electronegativity and increasing pi-donor ability of the substituent: F (DeltaG(298) = 0 kJ mol(-1)) < Cl (72) < Br (90) < CH(3) (104) < CN (114) (MR-AQCC(2,2)//UB3LYP/cc-pVTZ). Following initial C-C bond formation, three possible dinitrosoethylene diradical pathways are explored. Two of them are new, and one of them is a low-energy three-step path with implications for cycloreversion, tautomerism and detection of dinitrosoethylene intermediates. Alternative one-step, concerted [3 + 2] and [3 + 3] cyclodimerisation processes leading to 1,2,4-oxadiazole-4-oxides and 1,4,2,5-dioxadiazines have kinetic energy barriers around 100-240 kJ mol(-1) (CCSD//B3LYP), some 1.6 to 2.5 times higher than those leading to furoxans, supporting the experimental observations of furoxan formation as nitrile oxide loss channels during storage, trapping/re-vaporisation and reactions of nitrile oxides. Potential polymerisation initiation processes for NCCNO, involving the 1,2-dipolar NC substituent are also explored.
Improved survival duration with combination chemotherapy induction for multiple myeloma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. (1986)

Four hundred forty previously untreated patients with active multiple myeloma were entered into a randomized trial (Southwest Oncology Group [SWOG] study 7927/28) comparing vincristine, melphalan, Cytoxan (Mead Johnson & Company, Evansville, Ind), and prednisone (VMCP) alternating with vincristine, BCNU, Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio) and prednisone (VBAP) with or without levamisole with vincristine, Cytoxan, and prednisone (VCP) with or without levamisole for induction therapy. The treatment groups were well balanced for all of the known major prognostic factors. Patients receiving VMCP-VBAP responded (greater than or equal to 75% regression) more frequently to induction therapy, both without (54%) and with (44%) levamisole v VCP without (28%) or with (28%) levamisole (P less than .001). In addition, patients receiving VMCP-VBAP (+/- levamisole) had a survival duration determined to be significantly increased by all forms of analysis: 48 and 33 months for VMCP-VBAP without and with levamisole v 29 and 26 months for VCP without and with levamisole (P = .011 overall). Levamisole did not improve response rates or survival duration (P greater than or equal to .1), nor did it prolong remission in the maintenance phase (P = .85). Analysis of SWOG study 7704/05 (updated April 1985) confirmed improved survival for combination therapy v MP, but no benefit for levamisole. The overall findings support the use of VMCP-VBAP as an excellent treatment option for remission induction in patients with active myeloma of all stages and prognostic categories.
Study on Technology Efficiency of China Rape Production：Based on Measurement and Analysis of Panel Data in 14 Main Production Provinces of Rape during 2006-2013 (2016)

Panel data of rape input and output in 14 rape production provinces of China during 2006-2013 were measured by data envelopment analysis (DEA). According to the measurement results, average scores of technology efficiency in Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Zhejiang and Chongqing were all 1, while average scores of Anhui, Qinghai, Yunnan, Gansu and Shaanxi were lower, which ranked latter in the 14 provinces. To further study the reason for lower pure technology efficiency in the 5 provinces, relaxation amount and relaxation degree of factor input in the year when its pure technology efficiency was not 1 were collected, thereby obtaining surplus situation of factor input in rape production of the 5 provinces. Moreover, the phenomenon that redundancy degree of farm manure surpassed that of chemical fertilizer, and material cost per mu was excess largely in the 5 provinces was explained, and some suggestions were proposed.
ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE ON MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE INDUCED BY ZYMOSAN (1997)

Cuzzocrea, Salvatore; Zingarelli, Basilia; Sautebin, Lydia; Di Rosa, Massimo; Caputi, Achille P. Author Information
Pressure‐volume relationships and elastance in the knee joint of the dog. (1984)

This study has investigated changes in intra-articular hydrostatic pressure in the knee joints of normal dogs in response to continuous and stepwise infusions of fluids. The relationship between pressure and volume in the joint was examined over the pressure range of -8 to +50 mmHg, and also at much higher pressures often associated with joint disease or injury. The effects of joint angle and dog weight on the pressure-volume relationship and on elastance of the dogs' knees were also examined. With liquid paraffin B.P. the pressure was found to increase more with each unit volume infused at subatmospheric pressures than at pressures around atmospheric, and increased more again at higher pressures. The pressure-volume curve with saline infusions was affected by egress of fluid from the joint at supra-atmospheric pressure. Above +5 mmHg the rise in pressure per unit volume infused was less than that for paraffin at the same volume. Elastance and compliance of the normal joint capsule were calculated from the pressure-volume data. Elastance was high at subatmospheric pressures, decreased rapidly as atmospheric pressure was approached and rose as a linear function of pressure above 12 mmHg. The biphasic shape of the elastance-pressure curve is discussed, and explanations for the shape are suggested. After intra-articular pressure in the knee was raised by infusion of paraffin oil the joint was moved through the range of positions from 125 deg extension to 50 deg flexion. Intra-articular pressure did not change across the range 125-110 deg. However, increasing the angle of flexion from 110 to 50 deg resulted in a rise in pressure which became steeper for each volume increment. Increasing intra-articular fluid volume caused a decrease in the total range of movement of the joint. The pressure-volume curves measured at extended angles of 110, 125 and 140 deg, where the starting pressures were subatmospheric, were the same. At flexed joint positions of 80 and 50 deg, where the starting pressures were supra-atmospheric, the pressure-volume curves became steeper with greater flexion. Elastance of the joint tissues increased with flexion. The elastance at each joint angle depended also on the volume or pressure. Significant differences were found to exist between pressure-volume curves for three groups of animals of different weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Graph-based network analysis of resting-state functional MRI (2010)

In the past decade, resting-state functional MRI (R-fMRI) measures of brain activity have attracted considerable attention. Based on changes in the blood oxygen level-dependent signal, R-fMRI offers a novel way to assess the brain's spontaneous or intrinsic (i.e., task-free) activity with both high spatial and temporal resolutions. The properties of both the intra- and inter-regional connectivity of resting-state brain activity have been well documented, promoting our understanding of the brain as a complex network. Specifically, the topological organization of brain networks has been recently studied with graph theory. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in graph-based brain network analyses of R-fMRI signals, both in typical and atypical populations. Application of these approaches to R-fMRI data has demonstrated non-trivial topological properties of functional networks in the human brain. Among these is the knowledge that the brain's intrinsic activity is organized as a small-world, highly efficient network, with significant modularity and highly connected hub regions. These network properties have also been found to change throughout normal development, aging, and in various pathological conditions. The literature reviewed here suggests that graph-based network analyses are capable of uncovering system-level changes associated with different processes in the resting brain, which could provide novel insights into the understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms of brain function. We also highlight several potential research topics in the future.
Failure of superoxide dismutase and catalase to alter size of infarction in conscious dogs after 3 hours of occlusion followed by reperfusion. (1986)

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), enzymes that degrade superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, reduce size of infarction in anesthetized, open-chest dogs subjected to coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion. To evaluate potential protective effects of these enzymes in conscious animals, three groups of dogs were instrumented at sterile surgery with a hydraulic occluder on the left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery, sonomicrometers to measure regional wall thickness, and catheters to monitor arterial and left ventricular pressures. Ten to 14 days after surgery, the animals were sedated with morphine sulfate (0.5 mg/kg). The LCX artery was occluded for 3 hr by inflation of the hydraulic cuff. Infusions of SOD (n = 7), CAT (n = 6), or saline (control group, n = 7) were begun 15 min before reperfusion and lasted for 45 min of reperfusion. The doses of SOD and CAT were 5 mg/kg, dissolved in 60 ml of saline, and infused at a rate of 1 ml/min. Myocardial blood flow was measured with tracer-labeled microspheres (15 micron diameter) before occlusion, after 5 to 10 min of occlusion, after 150 min of occlusion, and 5 to 10 min after reperfusion. Size of infarction was measured 24 hr later by dual-perfusion staining with Evans blue and triphenyl tetrazolium. Size of infarction (expressed as a percentage of area at risk) did not differ significantly among the three groups: control, 32 +/- 17% (mean +/- SD); SOD, 38 +/- 17%; CAT, 27 +/- 17%. Hemodynamic parameters and myocardial blood flows (measured before infusion of any agents) were not significantly different among the three groups. Serum SOD levels in SOD-treated dogs were 19 +/- 2 micrograms/ml at the onset of reperfusion and 29 +/- 3 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion. Blood assays collected after infusion showed a monoexponential decay of SOD levels with a half-life of 22 +/- 6 min. We conclude that myocardial protection by SOD or CAT is model dependent. In conscious dogs subjected to 3 hr of coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion, SOD and CAT failed to alter size of infarction.
Localization, Dynamics, and Protein Interactions Reveal Distinct Roles for ER and Golgi SNAREs (1998)

ER-to-Golgi transport, and perhaps intraGolgi transport involves a set of interacting soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins including syntaxin 5, GOS-28, membrin, rsec22b, and rbet1. By immunoelectron microscopy we find that rsec22b and rbet1 are enriched in COPII-coated vesicles that bud from the ER and presumably fuse with nearby vesicular tubular clusters (VTCs). However, all of the SNAREs were found on both COPII- and COPI-coated membranes, indicating that similar SNARE machinery directs both vesicle pathways. rsec22b and rbet1 do not appear beyond the first Golgi cisterna, whereas syntaxin 5 and membrin penetrate deeply into the Golgi stacks. Temperature shifts reveal that membrin, rsec22b, rbet1, and syntaxin 5 are present together on membranes that rapidly recycle between peripheral and Golgi-centric locations. GOS-28, on the other hand, maintains a fixed localization in the Golgi. By immunoprecipitation analysis, syntaxin 5 exists in at least two major subcomplexes: one containing syntaxin 5 (34-kD isoform) and GOS-28, and another containing syntaxin 5 (41- and 34-kD isoforms), membrin, rsec22b, and rbet1. Both subcomplexes appear to involve direct interactions of each SNARE with syntaxin 5. Our results indicate a central role for complexes among rbet1, rsec22b, membrin, and syntaxin 5 (34 and 41 kD) at two membrane fusion interfaces: the fusion of ER-derived vesicles with VTCs, and the assembly of VTCs to form cis-Golgi elements. The 34-kD syntaxin 5 isoform, membrin, and GOS-28 may function in intraGolgi transport.
Behavior studies related to pesticides: Urban chemical pesticides and Iowa urban chemical-pesticide dealers (1969)

As reflected in sales reports, millions of people are using chemical pesticides to solve a number of problems. Estimated total cost of chemical pesticides to all United States users in 1965 was more than a billion dollars. Farmers used pesticides costing an estimated $590 million-58 percent of the total. Residential (home, lawn, and garden) purchases amounted to about $220 million or about 22 percent of the total. The remaining purchases were made by industrial, institutional, and governmental sources. The use of chemical pesticides is expected to increase in the following year.\nThe use of chemical pesticides has not, however, been accepted by everyone. Concern has been voiced about possible consequences of improper use of these chemicals to the user as well as to wildlife, pets and agricultural commodities. This concern has been expressed in proposals to limit or abolish the use of chemical pesticides. The subject is controversial, but there have been few valid data on which to base rational discussion. Little research work has been done in determining attitudes, knowledge, and use and sales patterns of individuals in relation to chemical pesticides. Similarly, little is known about the people who sell chemicals to the ultimate consumer; i.e., what the dealers’ levels of knowledge and attitudes are; what their perceptions of possible harmful consequences are; what information they provide; and what they perceive their role to be.