gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Model of Social Work Education for Multiracial Practice in Great Britain (1981)

The response to the facts of multiracialism and racial disadvantage in the United Kingdom by both social work practitioners and educators has been patchy. Educators have failed to identify general principles of education for multiracial practice or to specify essential course content. This model is an attempt to do both of these and focuses particularly on the political aspects of analysis and practice in order to do so.
Influence of cysteine to cysteic acid oxidation on the collision-activated decomposition of protonated peptides: Evidence for intraionic interactions (1992)

Oxidation of cysteine residues to cysteic acids in C-terminal arginine-eontaining peptides (such as those derived by tryptic digestion of proteins) strongly promotes the formation of multiple members of the Y− series of fragment ions following low energy collision-activated decomposition (CAD) of the protonated peptides, Removal of the arginine residue abolishes the effect, which is also attenuated by conversion of the arginine to dimethylpyrim-idylornithine. The data indicate the importance of an intraionic interaction between the cysteic acid and arginine side-chains. Low energy CAD of peptides which include cysteic acid and histidine residues, also provides evidence for intraionic interactions. It is proposed that these findings are consistent with the general hypothesis that an increased heterogeneity (with respect to location of charge) of the protonated peptide precursor ion population is beneficial to the generation of a high yield of product ions via several charge-directed, low energy fragmentation pathways. Furthermore, these data emphasize the significance of gas-phase conformations of protonated peptides in determining fragmentation pathways.
Activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB by Rho, CDC42, and Rac-1 proteins. (1997)

The Rho family of small GTPases are critical elements involved in the regulation of signal transduction cascades from extracellular stimuli to the cell nucleus, including the JNK/SAPK signaling pathway, the c-fos serum response factor, and the p70 S6 kinase. Here we report a novel signaling pathway activated by the Rho proteins that may be responsible for their biological activities, including cytoskeleton organization, transformation, apoptosis, and metastasis. The human RhoA, CDC42, and Rac-1 proteins efficiently induce the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) by a mechanism that involves phosphorylation of Ikappa Balpha and translocation of p50/p50 and p50/p65 dimers to the nucleus, but independent of the Ras GTPase and the Raf-1 kinase. We also show that activation of NF-kappaB by TNFalpha depends on CDC42 and RhoA, but not Rac-1 proteins, because this activity is drastically inhibited by their respective dominant-negative mutants. In contrast, activation of NF-kappaB by UV light was not affected by Rho, CDC42, or Rac-1 dominant-negative mutants. Thus, members of the Rho family of GTPases are involved specifically in the regulation of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription.
Residential House Occupancy Detection: Trust-Based Scheme Using Economic and Privacy-Aware Sensors (2021)

Internet of Things (IoT) technologies (e.g., power-efficient occupancy-based energy management systems) are increasingly deployed in commercial buildings to reduce building energy consumption. However, the sensors involved in such systems are rarely adopted in residential houses due to their relatively high costs and users’ privacy concerns. Low-cost and nonintrusive IoT sensors have been proposed for residential houses for use with machine-learning algorithms. Furthermore, such sensors may be triggered very infrequently due to their nonintrusive nature, and it can take several days/weeks to collect sufficient training data. There is a research gap in accurately detecting occupancy information in residential houses with limited training data. This article proposes a trust-based occupancy detection scheme, which achieves high detection accuracy based on limited training data collected by nonintrusive, low-cost sensors. First, rather than directly taking raw sensor data as inputs, the semantic meanings (i.e., human activity sequences) are extracted from the data based on the order of triggered sensors. Second, the extracted human activity sequences are fed into the proposed trust-based sequence matching scheme for further occupancy detection. Comprehensive experimental results show that, when compared to existing occupancy detection algorithms, the proposed scheme can reliably achieve higher accuracy, especially when only limited training data is available.
A quantum cryptographic protocol with detection of compromised server (2005)

This paper presents a server-based hybrid cryptographic protocol, using quantum and classical resources, to generate a key for authentication and optionally for encryption in a network. A novel feature of the protocol is that it can detect a compromised server. Additional advantages are that it avoids the requirement for timestamps used in classical protocols, guarantees that the trusted server cannot know the authentication key, can provide resistance to multiple photon attacks, and can be used with BB84 or other quantum key distribution protocols. Each resource shares a previously distributed secret key with the trusted server, and resources can communicate with the server using both classical and quantum channels. Resources do not share secret keys with each other, so that the key distribution problem for the network is reduced from O(n^2) to O(n).
Server-based rendering of large 3D scenes for mobile devices using G-buffer cube maps (2012)

Large virtual 3D scenes play a major role in growing number of applications, systems, and technologies to effectively communicate complex spatial information. Their web-based provision, in particular on mobile devices, represents a key challenge for system and application development. In contrast to approaches based on streaming 3D scene data to clients, our approach splits 3D rendering into two processes: A server process is responsible for real-time rendering of virtual panoramas, represented by G-buffer cube maps, for a requested camera setting. The client reconstruction process uses these cube maps to reconstruct the 3D scene and allows users to operate on and interact with that representation. The key properties of this approach include that (a) the complexity of transmitted data not depend on the 3D scene's complexity; (b) 3D rendering can take place within a controlled and a-priori known server environment; (c) crucial 3D model data never leaves the server environment; and (d) the clients can flexibly extend the 3D cube map viewer by adding both local 3D models and specialized 3D operations.
High-field transport properties of aluminum-embedded aluminum oxide films (1973)

Current‐voltage characteristics of aluminum‐embedded aluminum oxide thin films with Al or Au electrodes, between 150–1000 A in thickness, prepared by thermic evaporation of pure aluminum in partial air pressure are studied. I‐V characteristics of these films showed metallic conductivity, switching, and memory effects different than those observed in amorphous materials, and metal‐oxide‐metal diode characteristics as the amount of metallic aluminum within the oxide is decreased in respective samples. The switching and memory effects are found to be independent of oxide thickness and electrode material.
Estimation of P- and S-wave velocity models of unconsolidated granular materials through surface wave multimodal inversion (2013)

The estimation of near surface velocity models of unconsolidated sand bodies is a significant target for seismic exploration data processing. Surface wave analysis can be applied to retrieve S-wave velocity models which are inverted assuming a power-law trend in agreement with loose sand mechanical properties. Here we show that if higher modes are retrieved, also P-wave velocity models can be inferred from the surface wave inversion.
Evaluation of a novel multiplexed assay for determining IgG levels and functional activity to SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Excellent sensitivity for IgG detection was obtained over 14 days since onset of symptoms for three SARS-CoV-2 antigens (S, RBD and N) in this multiplexed assay which can also measure antibody functionality.
An Ultra-Low Power and Flexible Acoustic Modem Design to Develop Energy-Efficient Underwater Sensor Networks (2012)

This paper is focused on the description of the physical layer of a new acoustic modem called ITACA. The modem architecture includes as a major novelty an ultra-low power asynchronous wake-up system implementation for underwater acoustic transmission that is based on a low-cost off-the-shelf RFID peripheral integrated circuit. This feature enables a reduced power dissipation of 10 μW in stand-by mode and registers very low power values during reception and transmission. The modem also incorporates clear channel assessment (CCA) to support CSMA-based medium access control (MAC) layer protocols. The design is part of a compact platform for a long-life short/medium range underwater wireless sensor network.
A decision theoretic framework for profit maximization in direct marketing (2004)

One of the most important issues facing a firm involved in direct marketing is the selection of addresses from a mailing list. When the parameters of the model describing consumers' reaction to a mailing are known, addresses for a future mailing can be selected in a profit-maximizing way. Usually, these parameters are unknown and have to be estimated. These estimates are used to rank the potential addressees and to select the best targets.Several methods for this selection process have been proposed in the recent literature. All of these methods consider the estimation and selection step separately. Since estimation uncertainty is neglected these methods lead to a suboptimal decision rule and hence not to optimal profits. We derive an optimal Bayes decision rule that follows from the firm's profit function and which explicitly takes estimation uncertainty into account. We show that the integral resulting from the Bayes decision rule can be either approximated through a normal posterior, or numerically evaluated by a Laplace approximation or by Markov chain Monte Carlo integration. An empirical example shows that indeed higher profits result.
Attenuation of estrogen receptor α-mediated transcription through estrogen-stimulated recruitment of a negative elongation factor (2004)

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) signaling is paramount for normal mammary gland development and function and the repression of breast cancer. ERalpha function in gene regulation is mediated by a number of coactivators and corepressors, most of which are known to modify chromatin structure and/or influence the assembly of the regulatory complexes at the level of transcription initiation. Here we describe a novel mechanism of attenuating the ERalpha activity. We show that cofactor of BRCA1 (COBRA1), an integral subunit of the human negative elongation factor (NELF), directly binds to ERalpha and represses ERalpha-mediated transcription. Reduction of the endogenous NELF proteins in breast cancer cells using small interfering RNA results in elevated ERalpha-mediated transcription and enhanced cell proliferation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals that recruitment of COBRA1 and the other NELF subunits to endogenous ERalpha-responsive promoters is greatly stimulated upon estrogen treatment. Interestingly, COBRA1 does not affect the estrogen-dependent assembly of transcription regulatory complexes at the ERalpha-regulated promoters. Rather, it causes RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) to pause at the promoter-proximal region, which is consistent with its in vitro biochemical activity. Therefore, our in vivo work defines the first corepressor of nuclear receptors that modulates ERalpha-dependent gene expression by stalling RNAPII. We suggest that this new level of regulation may be important to control the duration and magnitude of a rapid and reversible hormonal response.
Massively parallel computational simulations in light scattering (1991)

Described is the Connection Machine, a massively parallel SIMD (single instruction multiple data) computer of 64K processors, used to simulate optical scattering and absorption phenomena where the scattering objects are much larger than the wavelength of the incident light. One processor of the connection machine is assigned to an individual incident ray. The processor tracks the ray through the object system noting the multiple reflections and refractions which occur. The results calculated are the vectors of the outgoing rays which are leaving the object system environment. As each of the interactions of each incident ray are independent of those of all other rays, 64K incident rays can be tracked at a time. The classic communication bottleneck between processors on SIMD machines is nonexistent in this case. Using a stochastic approach, a Monte Carlo technique is used whereby each ray is either reflected or refracted based on probabilities. The object is represented by a collection of small facets enabling almost any shaped object or objects to be modeled from any orientation. The limit on the complexity of the object system is limited only by the size of the host memory of the Connection Machine. The algorithm is such that it runs in linear time to the number of facets which are used to represent the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Scheduling Algorithms for Handling Updates in Shingled Magnetic Recording (2013)

Shingled recording has recently emerged as one promising candidate to sustain the historical growth of magnetic recording storage areal density. However, since the convenient update-in-place feature is no longer available in shingled recording, many sectors must be read and written back in order to update one sector. This leads to a significant update-induced latency overhead and makes conventional hard disk drive scheduling algorithms perform poorly. This paper concerns with the development of appropriate scheduling algorithms for shingled recording based hard disk drives. We first present a simple partial-update scheduling algorithm that can naturally embrace the update latency issue and achieves significant gains over conventional scheduling algorithms. We enhance this algorithm by incorporating a shortest update first policy, which can further reduce the update response time on an average by 70%. Finally, motivated by abundant workload spatial and temporal locality, we develop a spatio-temporal band coalescing scheme that can achieve an additional reduction of update response time of up to 96.8%.
Connective tissue diseases following silicone breast implantation: where do we stand? (2013)

Silicone, which is considered biologically inert, has been used in many different types of medical devices, including tubing; breast, joint and penile implants; artificial heart valves; and intraocular lenses, among others. After a silicone implant is placed, a mild reaction to the foreign body is generally observed, followed by encapsulation (1).

Case reports of women with silicone breast implants and connective tissue disease (CTD), especially scleroderma, began to appear in English-language medical literature in the 1980s. Currently, it is widely believed that there is no association between silicone breast implants and autoimmune disease (1). However, when a patient presents with autoimmune symptoms after silicone breast implantation, the question often arises again.

Although several authors have reported the appearance of CTDs (e.g., scleroderma, Still's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's Syndrome and dermatomyositis) after silicone breast implantation, several case-control studies do not show such an association. However, there are a few points that deserve attention. Silicone breast implants act as a foreign body, and inflammatory responses to silicone, such as granulomatous skin reactions to injected silicone, synovitis around silicone prosthetic joints and lymphadenopathy proximal to silicone prostheses, have been observed (2,3). Microscopic evidence of silicone has been observed far from the original site (e.g., in the liver), suggesting that a small quantity of silicone particles detaches and migrates through the lymphatic or circulatory system to other organs (1,4)–(6). They may act as adjuvants and start an inflammatory process in joints or activate the immune system and stimulate the production of autoantibodies (1,2).

The activation of the immune system has been demonstrated by the presence of antibodies to silicone and the presence of autoantibodies in the sera of patients with silicone breast implants. Although several studies have detected increased titers of anti-silicone antibodies, no association with clinical findings has been observed (6)-(10). Significantly more patients with silicone breast implants present with positive anti-DNA, Sjogren syndrome antigen B (anti-SSB/La) and anticollagen II (6)-(10). Antibodies and symptoms were more evident in patients who had possessed implants for a longer time period (10).

In conclusion, silicone breast implants may act as a foreign body and elicit autoantibody production. However, thus far, no clear link between the presence of autoantibodies and symptoms has been observed.
Determination of titanium temperature and density in a magnetron vapor sputtering device assisted by two microwave coaxial excitation systems (2004)

We present an optical absorption diagnostic technique devoted to the simultaneous determination of titanium density and temperature during sputtering of Ti. These measurements were performed in a type of ionized physical vapor deposition reactor, consisting of a magnetron sputtering device assisted by two microwave systems for the ionization of the sputtered vapor of the magnetron. Our goal is to optimize the ionization in this reactor in order to improve the deposition process (film quality, recovery of the layers, etc.) compared to standard magnetron sputtering systems. In order to determine both titanium neutral and ion densities, we have used a titanium hollow cathode vapor lamp powered with pulsed power supply. Measurements were carried out at different positions in the reactor at different pressures (1–15 Pa). We have studied the effect of magnetron current from 100 mA to 2 A and of microwave power from 100 W to 1 kW. At lower pressures, we have shown that the titanium is not thermalized close to the magnetron, whereas it is thermalized at 10 Pa at all positions. The neutral titanium density is typically between 1010 and 3×1011 cm−3, and the ion density is ∼109 cm−3. The effect of microwave power is the decrease of neutral titanium density and the increase of its temperature. At a position located 1 cm after the crossing of the microwave plasma area, we showed that the illumination of the microwave plasma increases the degree of ionization of Ti from 2% to 10%.
Protein hydroxylation: prolyl 4‐hydroxylase, an enzyme with four cosubstrates and a multifunctional subunit (1989)

Prolyl 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.2) catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyproline in collagens by the hydroxylation of proline residues in X-Pro-Gly sequences. The reaction requires Fe2+, 2-oxoglutarate, O2, and ascorbate and involves an oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate. Ascorbate is not consumed during most catalytic cycles, but the enzyme also catalyzes decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate without subsequent hydroxylation, and ascorbate is required as a specific alternative oxygen acceptor in such uncoupled reaction cycles. A number of compounds inhibit prolyl 4-hydroxylase competitively with respect to some of its cosubstrates or the peptide substrate, and recently many suicide inactivators have also been described. Such inhibitors and inactivators are of considerable interest, because the prolyl 4-hydroxylase reaction would seem a particularly suitable target for chemical regulation of the excessive collagen formation found in patients with various fibrotic diseases. The active prolyl 4-hydroxylase is an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer, consisting of two different types of inactive monomer and probably containing two catalytic sites per tetramer. The large catalytic site may be cooperatively built up of both the alpha and beta subunits, but the alpha subunit appears to contribute the major part. The beta subunit has been found to be identical to the enzyme protein disulfide isomerase and a major cellular thyroid hormone-binding protein and shows partial homology with a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C, thioredoxins, and the estrogen-binding domain of the estrogen receptor. The COOH-terminus of this beta subunit has the amino acid sequence Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu, which was recently suggested to be necessary for the retention of a polypeptide within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The alpha subunit does not have this COOH-terminal sequence, and thus one function of the beta subunit in the prolyl 4-hydroxylase tetramer appears to be to retain the enzyme within this cell organelle.
Parallel independent evolution of pathogenicity within the genus <i>Yersinia</i> (2014)

The genus Yersinia has been used as a model system to study pathogen evolution. Using whole-genome sequencing of all Yersinia species, we delineate the gene complement of the whole genus and define patterns of virulence evolution. Multiple distinct ecological specializations appear to have split pathogenic strains from environmental, nonpathogenic lineages. This split demonstrates that contrary to hypotheses that all pathogenic Yersinia species share a recent common pathogenic ancestor, they have evolved independently but followed parallel evolutionary paths in acquiring the same virulence determinants as well as becoming progressively more limited metabolically. Shared virulence determinants are limited to the virulence plasmid pYV and the attachment invasion locus ail. These acquisitions, together with genomic variations in metabolic pathways, have resulted in the parallel emergence of related pathogens displaying an increasingly specialized lifestyle with a spectrum of virulence potential, an emerging theme in the evolution of other important human pathogens.
연구논문 : 원자력연구원 내 지하처분연구시설의 암반 손상대 발생영향 분석 (2009)

터널의 굴착이나 응력 재분포에 의해 터널 주변에는 암반 손상대(EDZ) 구간이 발생하게 되며, 이는 암반의 역학적·수리적 물성변화를 초래하여 추가적인 균열발생 및 지하수의 주요 공급로 역할을 하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 방사성폐기물 처분연구시설(KURT)을 대상으로 현장실험을 통해 암반변형계수를 측정하였고, 이를 바탕으로 손상대 영역을 세분화하여 FLAC2D를 이용한 전산해석을 실시하였다. 실험결과 KURT 주변에는 측정지점에 따라 0.6~1.8m의 손상영역이 발생하였으며, 손상대 구간의 변형계수 값은 주변 암반 변형계수의 약 40%에 해당하였다. 암반손상대로 인해 KURT 내 터널변위는 약 65%의 추가변위가 발생하였고, 최대 주응력은 58% 감소되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 손상대 영역의 고려로 인해 터널의 좌·우측 하단부에 발생되었던 소성영역이 터널의 천정 및 바닥부근으로 확대되는 경향을 보였다.