gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regularized Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics: A New Approach to Simulating Magnetohydrodynamic Shocks (2001)

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has proven to be a useful numerical tool in studying a number of different astrophysical problems. Still, used on other problems, such as the modeling of low-β MHD systems, the method has so far not performed as well as one might have hoped. The present work has been motivated by the desire to accurately model strong hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic shocks, and a key issue has therefore been to achieve a near-optimal representation of the simulated system at all times. Using SPH, this means combining the Lagrangian nature of the method with a smoothing-length profile that varies in both space and time. In this paper, a scheme containing two novel features is proposed. First, the scheme assumes a piecewise constant smoothing-length profile. To avoid substantial errors near the steps in the profile, alternative forms of the SPH equations of motion are used. Second, a predictive attitude toward optimizing the particle distribution is introduced by activating a mass, momentum, and energy conservation regularization process at intervals. The scheme described has been implemented in a new code called regularized smoothed particle hydrodynamics (RSPH), and test results for a number of standard hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic tests in one and two dimensions using this code are presented.
Physical Heterogeneity Among <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Deoxyribonucleic Acid Molecules Carrying Particular Genetic Markers (1969)

In a Bacillus subtilis deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) preparation, extracted and purified by the Marmur procedure, the DNA molecules carrying a particular marker are heterogeneous with respect to molecular weight, buoyant density, and thermal stability. This finding constitutes evidence against unique points of breakage during DNA isolation. The variation in buoyant density suggests a local compositional heterogeneity in the chromosomal region of certain markers. The variation in molecular weight provides an explanation for the results of certain transformation experiments that are otherwise poorly understood. An example of such a result is the observation that acridine orange increases the efficiency of differential thermal inactivation of markers. An explanation of this phenomenon is suggested by the demonstration that acridine orange can decrease the natural intramarker heterogeneity in melting behavior.
Diffraction Grating Anomalies II Coarse Gratings* (1956)

A preliminary study of the anomalies for coarse infrared reflection gratings (d=10.5μ) in the visible reveals the presence of many extremely strong anomalies for both the S and P polarization. The anomalies correspond, in some cases, to passing off orders as high as 42. Within experimental error the positions of the anomalies are given by the Rayleigh formula. The great strength of the P anomalies observed is in agreement with the author’s earlier hypothesis that, unlike S anomalies, P anomalies can occur only when the depth of the rulings is comparable to or greater than the wavelength. A total of about six echelette gratings all showed extremely strong anomalies for both polarizations.
Purification and Partial Characteriza6tion of the Storage Protein-like Protein from the 5th Instar Latval Haemolymph of the Chinese Oak Silkworm, Antheraea pernyi. (1999)

The storage protein-like protein has been purified from the 5th instar larval haemolymph of the Chinese osk silkwom, Antheraea pernyi, and the preparation was shown to be homogeneous by 7.5% native-PAGE. The molecule was consisted of a single subunit with a molecular weight of 80K, but the number of the subunits was not determined. The protein was defied as glycoprotein by Schiff's regent stining. Rabbit antibody prepared against the purified protein crotein crossreacted with the 5th instar larval haemolymph proteins of Antheraea pernyi and antheraea yamamai, but not with those of Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina.
Determining Optical Flow using a Modified Horn and Schunck's Algorithm (2010)

The computation of the optical flow field can be performed through the minimization of some energy functional that consists of two terms: a data term, that requires brightness constancy of patterns in the image sequence, and a regularization term to guarantee piecewise smoothness and to avoid ill-posed problems. In this paper, we propose a new regularization term based on the symmetric gradient of the flow. The new algorithm is discussed in terms of invariance and a numerical scheme is developed based on Horn and Schunck's technique. In the numerical results, we compare our method with the traditional Horn and Schunck's algorithm to show the potential of our formulation when considering efficiency and precision.
Squaring the circle in panoramas (2005)

Pictures taken by a rotating camera cover the viewing sphere surrounding the center of rotation. Having a set of images registered and blended on the sphere what is left to be done, in order to obtain a flat panorama, is projecting the spherical image onto a picture plane. This step is unfortunately not obvious - the surface of the sphere may not be flattened onto a page without some form of distortion. The objective of this paper is discussing the difficulties and opportunities that are connected to the projection from viewing sphere to image plane. We first explore a number of alternatives to the commonly used linear perspective projection. These are 'global' projections and do not depend on image content. We then show that multiple projections may coexist successfully in the same mosaic: these projections are chosen locally and depend on what is present in the pictures. We show that such multi-view projections can produce more compelling results than the global projections
Analysis of Wi-Fi performance data for a Wi-Fi throughput prediction approach (2017)

Due to low cost and portability of Wi-Fi technologies, wireless network deployment has been widely accepted in the residential environment. The evaluation results of customers’ home wireless network performance level provides a reference for operators to improve their network capacity in order to face the emerging requirement of Wi-Fi service. However, the dynamic nature of Wi-Fi network makes Wi-Fi performance analysis difficult to perform. In this thesis, a Wi-Fi parameter visualization tool is implemented to show users’ Wi-Fi performance in a graphic way. This tool could help operators investigate customers’ Wi-Fi environment to see if performance degradation exists or not. Besides, a machine learning method is used for Wi-Fi performance analysis to predict Wi-Fi throughput. A SVM-based classification model is proposed to work as a prediction function. This function takes Wi-Fi parameters both for target AP and nearby interference APs as input, and output is categorized Wi-Fi throughput, good, medium, poor or very poor. Different SVM kernel functions conducted to evaluate the proposed model and results show that classification accuracy can be up to 0.88. It demonstrates that Wi-Fi throughput could be classified using a simple measurement way and limited Wi-Fi physical parameters.
A 40GHz clock 160Gb/s 4x4 switch circuit using single flux quantum technology for high-speed packet switching systems (2004)

Large-scale telecommunication systems in nationwide networks will require routers having a packet switching throughput capacity of over several-tens of Tb/s. In such future high-end routers, packet switches will need higher processing speeds than semiconductor devices can provide. We have demonstrated a 40 GHz clock, 0.8 mW, 160 Gb/s, 4/spl times/4 switch circuit that uses single flux quantum (SFQ) technology. The main components of an SFQ circuit are Josephson junctions and a superconducting loop. In designing the circuit, we have developed two key technologies: an automatic cell placement and route tool to increase designable circuit scale; a passive interconnection to decrease latency. These technologies will enable implementing Tb/s-scale switches and switch schedulers for high-speed packet switching systems.
Porous SiO<sub>2</sub>Interferometric Biosensor for Quantitative Determination of Protein Interactions:  Binding of Protein A to Immunoglobulins Derived from Different Species (2006)

Determination of kinetic and thermodynamic protein binding constants using interferometry from a porous Si Fabry-Perot layer is presented. A protein A capture probe is adsorbed within the pores of an oxidized porous Si matrix, and binding of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies derived from different species is investigated. The relative protein A/IgG binding affinity is human > rabbit > goat, in agreement with literature values. The equilibrium binding constant (Ka) for human IgG binding to surface-immobilized protein A is determined to be (3.0 +/- 0.5) x 107 M-1 using an equilibrium Langmuir model. Kinetic rate constants are calculated to be kd = (2.1 +/- 0.2) x 10-4 s-1 and ka = (1.2 +/- 0.4) x 104 M-1 s-1 using nonlinear least-squares analysis, yielding an equilibrium binding constant of Ka = (5.5 +/- 1.5) x 107 M-1. Both steady-state and time-dependent measurements yield equilibrium binding constants that are consistent with literature values. Kinetic rate constants determined through nonlinear least-squares analysis are also in agreement with protein A/IgG binding on a surface. Dosing with a high concentration of analyte leads to deviations from ideal binding behavior, interpreted in terms of restricted analyte diffusion within the porous SiO2 matrix. It is shown that the diffusion limitations can be minimized if the kinetic measurements are performed at low analyte concentrations or under conditions in which the protein A capture probe is not saturated with analyte. Potential limitations of the use of porous SiO2 interferometers for quantitative determination of protein binding constants are discussed.
Agent-based modeling and simulation of pooled warehouse intelligent management (2015)

Logistics, in its most basic definition, is the efficient flow and storage of goods from their creation to their consumption. It is the part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the flow of goods. Increasing production rate and product distribution velocity of warehousing facilities play a vital role in the overall supply chain process and optimizing their storage spaces capacities is one of the major challenges for logistics companies, which aim to lower cost by reducing product storage cost and damage and to improve the environmental performance of their service. Considering all the storage facilities as a single virtual space and pooling optimally capabilities between these storage spaces would be the right answer to solve these challenges. Through this paper, we are challenged to figure out new ways to make pooled warehouse's storage process more effective by providing an improved management of storage areas that aims to reach a maximum storage space utilization. This pooled logistics management that provides economic benefits through consolidation and accumulation operations, resembles closely to the pooled management of hosted computer servers in Cloud Computing (CC). Based on this similarity, the proposed model intends to adapt resource allocation methods and models, developed in CC environments, and their reuse for optimizing storage space allocation in a Pooled Warehouse (PW) in order to maximize the number of accepted storage requests while keeping the best quality of stored products. After an analytical study, an agent based model and simulator for an intelligent management of PW are presented, and the first simulation results are discussed. A comparison of the different allocation strategies shows that the total number of storage requests rejections differ from one scenario to another.
The prophylactic effect of a teat sealer on bovine mastitis during the dry period and the following lactation (1998)

Closure of the teat canal from day one of the dry period as achieved by the teat sealer was as effective in reducing new dry period infections as the infusion of a long-acting dry cow antibiotic formulation. The lower incidence of new infections in the ensuing lactation among the infused quarters implies that fewer subclinical infections persisted from the dry period. Use of teat sealers at drying off appears to offer the same prophylactic efficacy as the dry cow antibiotic approach.
Double-blind study on the effectiveness of a bioflavonoid in the control of tinnitus in otosclerosis. (1992)

Ipriflavone (7-isopropoxy-isoflavone) was attempted to relieve tinnitus of otosclerotic patients prior to stapedectomy and continuing the treatment postoperatively in a 6 months regimen. As a whole the double-blind study revealed effectiveness of Ipriflavone in the control of tinnitus when preoperatively administered as well as in combination with stapedectomy. The small number of cases (9 patients treated with Ipriflavone and 7 patients with placebo) needs further confirmation of the present data. Predominantly low-tone tinnitus rises the possibility of its cochlear origin in otosclerosis, as a consequence of mechanical or hydrodynamic causes or hydrostatic pressure elevation due to spread of the otosclerotic focus onto the cochlear duct.
A Set of Activators and Repressors Control Peripheral Glucose Pathways in <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> To Yield a Common Central Intermediate (2008)

Pseudomonas putida KT2440 channels glucose to the central Entner-Doudoroff intermediate 6-phosphogluconate through three convergent pathways. The genes for these convergent pathways are clustered in three independent regions on the host chromosome. A number of monocistronic units and operons coexist within each of these clusters, favoring coexpression of catabolic enzymes and transport systems. Expression of the three pathways is mediated by three transcriptional repressors, HexR, GnuR, and PtxS, and by a positive transcriptional regulator, GltR-2. In this study, we generated mutants in each of the regulators and carried out transcriptional assays using microarrays and transcriptional fusions. These studies revealed that HexR controls the genes that encode glucokinase/glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase that yield 6-phosphogluconate; the genes for the Entner-Doudoroff enzymes that yield glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate; and gap-1, which encodes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. GltR-2 is the transcriptional regulator that controls specific porins for the entry of glucose into the periplasmic space, as well as the gtsABCD operon for glucose transport through the inner membrane. GnuR is the repressor of gluconate transport and gluconokinase responsible for the conversion of gluconate into 6-phosphogluconate. PtxS, however, controls the enzymes for oxidation of gluconate to 2-ketogluconate, its transport and metabolism, and a set of genes unrelated to glucose metabolism.
Driver Cognitive Distraction Detection Using Driving Performance Measures (2012)

Driver cognitive distraction is a hazard state, which can easily lead to traffic accidents. This study focuses on detecting the driver cognitive distraction state based on driving performance measures. Characteristic parameters could be directly extracted from Controller Area Network‐(CAN‐)Bus data, without depending on other sensors, which improves real‐time and robustness performance. Three cognitive distraction states (no cognitive distraction, low cognitive distraction, and high cognitive distraction) were defined using different secondary tasks. NLModel, NHModel, LHModel, and NLHModel were developed using SVMs according to different states. The developed system shows promising results, which can correctly classify the driver’s states in approximately 74%. Although the sensitivity for these models is low, it is acceptable because in this situation the driver could control the car sufficiently. Thus, driving performance measures could be used alone to detect driver cognitive state.
An Optimal Scheduling System for the Welland Canal (1988)

The problem of real time scheduling of vessels through the Welland Canal is discussed. A mathematical programming scheduling algorithm is presented. The problem is formulated as a master schedule selection problem and a schedule evaluation subproblem. The schedule evaluation subproblem is a linear programming model, which, due to special structure, can be solved using an efficient dynamic programming algorithm. The schedule selection algorithm is a heuristic that employs optimal dynamic programming submodels for scheduling the individual locks. Sensitivity information from the schedule evaluation model is used in a greedy type of algorithm to fine tune the schedule. An example of a schedule for the Welland Canal is presented.
Regulation of angiogenesis by growth factors (1994)

Normal angiogenesis is self-limiting and strictly regulated while tumor angiogenesis appears to be deregulated. Angiogenesis proceeds upon a balance of angiogenic factors and inhibitors, with which expression of plasminogen activator (PA) and its inhibitor is closely associated. Angiogenic factors such as fibroblast growth factors, epidermal growth factor/transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor induce cell migration, tubulogenesis, and PA. By contrast, anti-angiogenic factors such as TGF-β and tumor necrosis factor-α inhibit cell migration tubulogenesis and expression of PA. In this article, we discuss how such angiogenic factors and anti-angiogenic factors modulate angiogenesis in model systems.
Association of transforming growth factor-β1 T869C, G915C, and C509T gene polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis risk (2014)

The association of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) is an important signaling pathway factor involving extracellular matrix regulation, and its gene polymorphisms with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is currently still fiercely debated. Therefore, this meta-analysis was performed to determine if TGFβ1 T869C, G915C, and C509T gene polymorphisms correlate with the risk of developing RA. Association reports were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library and CBM-disc (China Biological Medicine Database) on 1 May 2013, and eligible studies were recruited and synthesized to identifying patterns among study results. T869C TT genotype in the overall population was associated with increased RA risk (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.02-1.60, p = 0.03). In the sub-group analysis, T869C TT genotype was shown to be a risk factor for RA, and T869C C allele or CC genotype a protective factor against RA disease in Asians, but these associations were not found in Caucasians. Furthermore, TGFβ1 C509T TT genotype was distinctly associated with RA susceptibility, but the T allele and CC genotype were not. TGFβ1 G915C gene polymorphism was not associated with RA susceptibility. In conclusion, the TT genotype of TGFβ1 T869C was associated with RA risk in the overall population and Asians. Furthermore, CC genotype or C allele was determined to be protective factors with respect to the RA risk in the overall population and Asians. Nonetheless, additional studies are required to firmly establish a correlation between the aforementioned polymorphisms and RA risk.
Large-scale real-time hybrid simulation of steel MRFs equipped with compressed elastomer dampers (2009)

Real-time hybrid simulation combines experimental testing and numerical simulation, and thus is a viable experimental technique for evaluating the effectiveness of supplemental damping devices for earthquake hazard mitigation. This paper presents an experimental program based on the use of real-time hybrid simulation to verify the performance-based seismic design of a two story, four-bay steel moment resisting frame equipped with compressed elastomer dampers. The laboratory specimens, referred to as experimental structures, are two individual compressed elastomer dampers with the remainder of the building modelled as an analytical substructure. The proposed experimental technique enables an ensemble of ground motions to be applied to the building, resulting in various levels of damage, without the need to repair the experimental substructures, since the damage will be within the analytical substructure. Statistical experimental response results incorporating the ground motion variability show that a steel MRF with compressed elastomer dampers can be designed to perform better than conventional steel SMRFs, even when the MRF with dampers is significantly lighter in weight than the conventional SMRF.
E.s.d.'s and estimated probable error obtained in Rietveld refinements with local correlations (1991)

Estimated standard deviations which are obtained in Rietveld refinements are known to decrease towards zero with the recording step, but serial correlations appear at the same time. A simple calculation which takes into account local correlations has been developed to furnish a reliable estimate of the values they would have if these correlations vanish.
On live migration and routing integration for delay-sensitive cloud services in wireless mesh networks (2015)

Virtual machine live migration is a promising solution to provide low end-to-end delay for delay-sensitive applications hosted in data centers. This enables a cloud operator to minimize end-to-end delay by placing virtual machines to the nearest data centers from users. However, a network operator does routing with a different objective, e.g., minimize network resource usages. Since the both operators' objectives are contradictory to each other, we previously proposed to integrate live migration and routing in backbone networks to resolve the contradiction. However, the dominant factor of end-to-end delay for cloud services is a congestion delay at access networks, which was not taken into account in our previous work. In this paper, we apply the integration into wireless access networks prone to suffer from large end-to-end delay and validate its effectiveness in such networks by formulating it as a solvable mixed integer non-liner program. Our new integration model incorporates congestion delays due to wireless links and therefore enables cloud operators to maintain small end-to-end delays for cloud applications. The numerical results indicate that integration of live migration and routing is successful at providing low end-to-end delay to delay-sensitive applications by resolving the contradiction.
Association of Campylobacter upsaliensis with Persistent Bloody Diarrhea (2012)

Campylobacter upsaliensis is a zoonotic, emerging pathogen that is not readily recovered in traditional stool culture. This case represents the first report of persistent bloody diarrhea with C. upsaliensis that was confirmed by filtration culture, PCR, and sequencing.
Mobilization-competent Lentiviral Vector–mediated Sustained Transcriptional Modulation of HIV-1 Expression (2008)

Current anti-HIV-1 strategies reduce replication through targeting of viral proteins and RNA; meanwhile, targeting at the level of the integrated provirus has been less explored. We show here that mobilization-competent vectors containing small noncoding RNAs targeted to transcriptionally active regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) can take advantage of integrated virus and modulate HIV-1 replication. Transcriptional silencing of HIV-1 correlates with an increase in silent-state epigenetic marks including histone and DNA methylation, a loss of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) recruitment, and requires Argonaute 1 (Ago-1), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC-1), and DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) localization to the LTR. Long-term suppression of the virus was observed for 1 month with no evidence of viral resistance. These data show that RNA-directed transcriptional silencing of HIV-1 can be delivered by a mobilization-competent vector, suggesting that this system could be used to target long-term selective pressures on conserved promoter elements to evolve less pathogenic variants of HIV-1.