gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Ca2+-dependent Desensitization in the Vanilloid Receptor TRPV1 by Calcineurin and cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase (2005)

The vanilloid receptor TRPV1 is a polymodal nonselective cation channel of nociceptive sensory neurons involved in the perception of inflammatory pain. TRPV1 exhibits desensitization in a Ca2+-dependent manner upon repeated activation by capsaicin or protons. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) decreases desensitization of TRPV1 by directly phosphorylating the channel presumably at sites Ser116 and Thr370. In the present study we investigated the influence of protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) on Ca2+-dependent desensitization of capsaicin- and proton-activated currents. By using site-directed mutagenesis, we generated point mutations at PKA and protein kinase C consensus sites and studied wild type (WT) and mutant channels transiently expressed in HEK293t or HeLa cells under whole cell voltage clamp. We found that intracellular application of the cyclosporin A.cyclophilin A complex (CsA.CyP), a specific inhibitor of calcineurin, significantly decreased desensitization of capsaicin- or proton-activated TRPV1-WT currents. This effect was similar to that obtained by extracellular application of forskolin (FSK), an indirect activator of PKA. Simultaneous applications of CsA.CyP and FSK in varying concentrations suggested that these substances acted independently from each other. In mutation T370A, application of CsA.CyP did not reduce desensitization of capsaicin-activated currents as compared with WT and to mutant channels S116A and T144A. In a double mutation at candidate protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, application of CsA.CyP or FSK decreased desensitization of capsaicin-activated currents similar to WT channels. We conclude that Ca2+-dependent desensitization of TRPV1 might be in part regulated through channel dephosphorylation by calcineurin and channel phosphorylation by PKA possibly involving Thr370 as a key amino acid residue.
Commercial Routing Requirements in Low Power and Lossy Networks (2008)

The ROLL Working Group was recently chartered by the IETF to define
routing characteristics for low power embedded devices. ROLL would
like to serve the Industrial, Commercial, Home and Urban markets.
Pursuant to this effort, this document defines the functional and cost
requirements for installing integrated facility management systems in
commercial facilities. The routing requirements for commercial
building applications are presented in this document. Commercial
buildings have been fitted with pneumatic and subsequently electronic
communication pathways connecting Martocci Expires January 14,
2009 [page 1] Internet-Draft draft-martocci-roll-commercial-
routing-reqs July 2008 sensors to their controllers for over one
hundred years. Recent economic and technical advances in wireless
communication allows facilities to increasingly utilize a wireless
solution in lieu of a wired solution; thereby reducing installation
costs yet maintaining highly reliant communication. Wireless solutions
will be adapted from their existing wired counterparts in many of the
building applications including, but not limited to HVAC, lighting,
security, fire, and elevator products. These devices will be developed
to reduce installation costs; while increasing installation and
retrofit flexibility. Sensing devices may be battery or mains powered.
Actuators and area controllers will be mains powered. To meet the
cost target, these devices must have a total installed cost below that
of the traditional wired alternative; yet maintain reliability on par
with wired devices. The total installed cost includes the
infrastructure, product, installation, commissioning, labor and
operational costs of the device over its 30 year lifespan. Except for
special circumstances such as flexible installation (e.g. airports) or
cosmetics (e.g. museums, there is nothing compelling about installing
wireless solutions inside a building unless it can be accomplished
below the cost of a wired installation. This docum ...
Fragmentation Chemistry of DMSO Complexes of Metal Dications (2002)

Recent developments in ion sources have enabled generation and mass-spectrometric investigation of multiply charged metal cations coordinated with various ligands. These ions exhibit rich dissociation chemistry, including electron transfer, proton transfer, and ligand cleavage. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the preeminent aprotic solvent. While complexes of two dipositive metal ions with DMSO were observed previously, the fragmentation of these species has remained essentially unknown. Here we present an extensive MS/MS investigation of DMSO complexes of doubly charged divalent metal cations. We determined the minimum sizes at which dications were stable against charge reduction as well as critical sizes above which no electron or proton transfer occurs. For intermediate sizes, low-energy fragmentation pathways were elucidated in detail. Both proton and electron transfers were observed, depending on the metal. We found diverse ligand cleavage channels, the most intense being the sequential scission of one or both carbon−sulfur bonds in one or several DMSO molecules with competitive eliminations of CH3 and CH4 neutrals. This behavior is completely different from that exhibited by acetone complexes of metal dications, or from that of acetonitrile complexes, in which ligand cleavage is always accompanied by charge reduction. Scission of a sulfur−oxygen bond in DMSO forming mostly ligated metal oxide cations is less intense; this is always associated with charge reduction.
Testing the influence of different sector’s contribution to the State Domestic Product of North Eastern States of India (2011)

Northeastern region of India is basically a developing region contributing 2.54% of the country’s GDP. The factors that comprises of the state gross domestic product (SGDP) are agricultural, allied activities, manufacturing, industry and services. The basic objective of the paper is to find out the sector that had been significantly contributing to the state domestic products of the eight northeastern states for the period 1999-2007. For analyzing panel data, regression method was chosen. We found that impact of agriculture, industry, service and transport is positive and significant whereas impact of manufacturing is mildly significant.
Mechanism of intracellular calcium ([Ca <sup>2+</sup> ] <sub>i</sub> ) inhibition of lipolysis in human adipocytes (2001)

We investigated the mechanisms responsible for the anti-lipolytic effect of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in human adipocytes. Increasing [Ca2+]i inhibited lipolysis induced by b-adrenergic receptor activation, A1 adenosine receptor inhibition, adenylate cyclase activation, and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition, as well as by a hydrolyzable cAMP analog, but not by a nonhydrolyzable cAMP analog. This finding indicates that the anti-lipolytic effect of [Ca2+]i may be mediated by the activation of adipocyte PDE. Consistent with this theory, [Ca2+]i inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis was reversed completely by the nonselective PDE inhibitor isobutyl methylxanthine and also by the selective PDE 3B inhibitor cilostamide, but not by selective PDE 1 and 4 inhibitors. In addition, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibition with wortmannin completely prevented insulin's anti-lipolytic effect but only minimally blocked [Ca2+]i's effect, which suggests that [Ca2+]i and insulin may activate PDE 3B via different mechanisms. In contrast, the antilipolytic effect of [Ca2+]i was not affected by inhibitors of calmodulin, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase, protein phosphatase 2B, and protein kinase C. Finally, [Ca2+]i inhibited significantly isoproterenol-stimulated increases in cAMP levels and hormone-sensitive lipase phosphorylation in human adipocytes. In conclusion, increasing [Ca2+]i exerts an antilipolytic effect mainly by activation of PDE, leading to a decrease in cAMP and HSL phosphorylation and, consequently, inhibition of lipolysis.
Effects of honey and sugar dressings on wound healing (2007)

Honey appears to be more effective than sugar in reducing bacterial contamination and promoting wound healing, and slightly less painful than sugar during dressing changes and motion.
Permittivity Measurements at Microwave Frequencies Using Lumped Elements (1974)

A simple frequency-domain method for measurement of the dielectric properties of materials is described. Theoretical analysis of the frequency dependence of the reflection coefficient of a shunt lumped capacitor located at the end of a transmission line and filled with a very small amount of the dielectric (typically a few microliters) is given. Analysis and calculations of the overall uncertainty in permittivity measurements, as well as experimental results for some normal alcohols, are presented and limitation of the method discussed.
Drilling of glass by excimer laser mask projection technique (1999)

Presently, there is a growing demand from the industry for microprocessing of materials. In particular, for applications in the field of microsystems technology it is necessary to produce structures with dimensions down to the micrometer scale especially in materials that could not or not good processed by conventional microelectronic technologies. We have been investigating the drilling of anodic bondable PYREX glass by means of laser microprocessing using the excimer laser mask projection technique (248 nm or 193 nm wavelength, 10 ns pulse duration, 8 mJ pulse energy, 500 Hz repetition rate). We will show the dependence of the processing results on the laser parameters. The diameter of the holes ranges from 30 to 100 micron at the front side and from 1 to 50 micron at the rear side of the 500 micron thick wafer. We observed the formation of cracks in the laser processed region. Accordingly, we found distinct relations between the process parameters and the quality of the walls of the drilled holes. Especially the change from 248 to 193 nm Wavelength led to a distinct decrease of crack formation but the wall at the rear side of the wafer shows still a break off of some material. As solution the drilling of the wafer from both sides of the wafer allows us to produce crack free holes.
Hydrothermal carbon spheres containing silicon nanoparticles: synthesis and lithium storage performance (2008)

Spherically shaped carbon/silicon nanocomposites have been obtained in a one-step procedure using hydrothermal carbonization of glucose in the presence of commercially available silicon nanoparticles and have been tested electrochemically as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Imidazolium Polyesters: Structure–Property Relationships in Thermal Behavior, Ionic Conductivity, and Morphology (2010)

Abstract New bis(ω‐hydroxyalkyl)imidazolium and 1,2‐bis[ N ‐(ω‐hydroxyalkyl)imidazolium]ethane salts are synthesized and characterized; most of the salts are room temperature ionic liquids. These hydroxyl end‐functionalized ionic liquids are polymerized with diacid chlorides, yielding polyesters containing imidazolium cations embedded in the main chain. By X‐ray scattering, four polyesters are found to be semicrystalline at room temperature: mono‐imidazolium‐C 11 ‐sebacate‐C 6 ( 4e ), mono‐imidazolium‐C 11 ‐sebacate‐C 11 ( 4c ), bis(imidazolium)ethane‐C 6 ‐sebacate‐C 6 ( 5a ), and bis(imidazolium)ethane‐C 11 ‐sebacate‐C 11 ( 5c ), all with hexafluorophosphate counterions. The other imidazolium polyesters, including all those with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI − ) counterions, are amorphous at room temperature. Room temperature ionic conductivities of the mono‐imidazolium polyesters (4 × 10 −6 to 3 × 10 −5 S cm −1 ) are higher than those of the corresponding bis‐imidazolium polyesters (4 × 10 −9 to 8 × 10 −6 S cm −1 ), even though the bis‐imidazolium polyesters have higher ion concentrations. Counterions affect ionic conduction significantly; all polymers with TFSI − counterions have higher ionic conductivities than the hexafluorophosphate analogs. Interestingly, the hexafluorophosphate polyester, 1,2‐bis(imidazolium)ethane‐C 11 ‐sebacate‐C 11 ( 5c ), displays almost 400‐fold higher room temperature ionic conductivity (1.6 × 10 −6 S cm −1 ) than the 1,2‐bis(imidazolium)ethane‐C 6 ‐sebacate‐C 6 analog ( 5a , 4.3 × 10 −9 S cm −1 ), attributable to the differences in the semicrystalline structure in 5c as compared to 5a . These results indicate that semicrystalline polymers may result in high ionic conductivity in a soft (low glass tranition temperature, T g ) amorphous phase and good mechanical properties of the crystalline phase.
A liver-on-a-chip platform with bioprinted hepatic spheroids (2016)

The inadequacy of animal models in correctly predicting drug and biothreat agent toxicity in humans has resulted in a pressing need for in vitro models that can recreate the in vivo scenario. One of the most important organs in the assessment of drug toxicity is liver. Here, we report the development of a liver-on-a-chip platform for long-term culture of three-dimensional (3D) human HepG2/C3A spheroids for drug toxicity assessment. The bioreactor design allowed for in situ monitoring of the culture environment by enabling direct access to the hepatic construct during the experiment without compromising the platform operation. The engineered bioreactor could be interfaced with a bioprinter to fabricate 3D hepatic constructs of spheroids encapsulated within photocrosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel. The engineered hepatic construct remained functional during the 30 days culture period as assessed by monitoring the secretion rates of albumin, alpha-1 antitrypsin, transferrin, and ceruloplasmin, as well as immunostaining for the hepatocyte markers, cytokeratin 18, MRP2 bile canalicular protein and tight junction protein ZO-1. Treatment with 15 mM acetaminophen induced a toxic response in the hepatic construct that was similar to published studies on animal and other in vitro models, thus providing a proof-of-concept demonstration of the utility of this liver-on-a-chip platform for toxicity assessment.
Effects of Nanoparticle Size on Cellular Uptake and Liver MRI with Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (2010)

The effect of nanoparticle size (30-120 nm) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of hepatic lesions in vivo has been systematically examined using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (PVP-IOs). Such biocompatible PVP-IOs with different sizes were synthesized by a simple one-pot pyrolysis method. These PVP-IOs exhibited good crystallinity and high T(2) relaxivities, and the relaxivity increased with the size of the magnetic nanoparticles. It was found that cellular uptake changed with both size and surface physiochemical properties, and that PVP-IO-37 with a core size of 37 nm and hydrodynamic particle size of 100 nm exhibited higher cellular uptake rate and greater distribution than other PVP-IOs and Feridex. We systematically investigated the effect of nanoparticle size on MRI of normal liver and hepatic lesions in vivo. The physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticles influenced their pharmacokinetic behavior, which ultimately determined their ability to accumulate in the liver. The contrast enhancement of PVP-IOs within the liver was highly dependent on the overall size of the nanoparticles, and the 100 nm PVP-IO-37 nanoparticles exhibited the greatest enhancement. These results will have implications in designing engineered nanoparticles that are optimized as MR contrast agents or for use in therapeutics.
Gamma spectroscopic measurements using the PID350 pixelated CdTe radiation detector (2010)

Spectroscopic measurements are presented using the PID350 pixelated gamma radiation detectors. A high-speed data acquisition system has been developed in order to reduce the data loss during the data reading in case of a high flux of photons. A data analysis framework has been developed in order to improve the resolution of the acquired energy spectra, using specific calibration parameters for each PID350's pixel. Three PID350 detectors have been used to construct a stacked prototype system and spectroscopic measurements have been performed in order to test the ability of the prototype to localize radioactive sources.
Case study on intermediate means of transport : bicycles and rural women in Uganda (1994)

The study reviews the intermediate means of transport in eastern Uganda, suggesting that ownership, and use of bicycles is a double-sided factor in meeting household needs, for it not only provides transportation, but serves as a means of income generation. Several factors however, influence ownership of a bicycle, namely, economic status, cultural background, and location with regard to the terrain, and infrastructure. The cost of bicycles is comparatively higher than prices received for agricultural commodities, in addition to the fact that credit availability is non-existent. Furthermore, gender issues preclude this mode of transportation for women, for culturally, it remains a male prerogative in most areas, while in other areas, although the obstacle still prevails, it is rather because of lack of access by women, due to economic reasons. The report further emphasizes the two-way income generating potential of bicycles: it provides a direct sale of passenger transport services in urban areas, and, enables the trade of agricultural products from rural areas, to wider markets. The report suggests this mode is potentially high in financial terms, since its recovery cost on the initial investment, can be achieved in the very short-run. Finally the report questions the possibility for women to reduce their transport burden, given the constraints above mentioned, but offers recommendations to review credit promotion, alleviate gender issues, possibly by lowering transport infrastructure costs, and, promotes local interest groups participation to identify priorities, and appropriate interventions.
Antiinflammatory 2,3-Dihydro-1H-pyrrolizins. II: Addition of 6,7-Diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine to Domethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate and Diethyl Azosicarboxylate (1985)

The addition of the litle compound to the acetylene and the azo derivative,resp., leads to C5 functionalized dihydropyrrolizines.Competitive 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 adduct formation is observed using the diethyl azodicarboxylate.A significant antiinflammatory activity is shown for the 5-hydrazopyrrolizine derivative (1 : 1-adduct) .The pyrrolizine skeleton is an essential part of the biological active pyrrolizi-3 dine alkaloids1, mitomycin antibiotics2 and ant venom alkaloids .2.3-Dihydro-1Hpyrrolizine derivatives are potent antineaplastic4 and a n t i i n f l a m m a t ~r ~~' ~ agents, respectively.According to their chemical behaviour and spectral data, 6,7-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro- 18-pyrrolizines (DADHP) have to be considered as 1,2-brigded pyrroles7, therefore allowing structural variations at position 5 by electrophilic substitution.After stirrina a mixture of 1 and dimethyl acetylendicarboxylate ( 1 : 2 equiv.)at room temperature for 20 h, two compounds, g and -Zb, were separated by column chromatography.Mass spectral data and elemental analyses indicate that both are 1 : 1 adducts.The NMR spectra represent the intact dihydropyrrolizine skeleton
Defects in <i>m</i>-face GaN films grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy on LiAlO2 (2003)

Free-standing wafers (50 mm diameter) of GaN were grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy on lattice-matched γ-LiAlO2. We report a transmission electron microscopy study of defects and defect densities in these wafers. The growth direction is [101_0]. Stacking faults in the basal plane are seen when viewing the specimen in the [12_10] direction with an average spacing of less than 100 nm. Convergent beam electron diffraction measurements show no switch in the polarity and thus the faults are proposed to be ABABACAC changes in the stacking. Threading dislocations are found to have a correlated arrangement with a density of 3×108 cm−2 when viewing the [12_10] direction and widely varying (depending upon location) when viewing in the [0001] direction. These dislocations act as “seeds” for postgrowth surface features that directly exhibit the correlated nature of these threading dislocations.
High Voltage Tolerant Design with Advanced Process for TV Application (2019)

High voltage tole rant IO interface provides an efficient and flexible solution for integrated multimedia application. In this paper, we studied the design for reliability of IO interface in advanced technology node. Three different approaches, which is from device, layout and circuit point of view, to enhance the IO overdrive circuit (IP) reliability are investigated. We successfully develop a LDMOS that is compatible with advanced process and provides good reliability. However, new device development is a time consuming process. To reduce time-to-market, two solutions are proposed. 1) Taking the advantage of reverse body bias effect to reduce HCI damage on IP level. It can be achieved by implementing deep N-well. 2) Reducing the overstress voltage on devices by bias tracing circuit. Finally, we compared the IO interface performance and area of each solution. The solution with bias tracing circuit exhibits good reliability to sustain 5V stress and provides 66% area reduction.
Growth of RuO/sub x/ thin films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2003)

RuO/sub x/ thin films were deposited on TiN/SiO/sub 2//Si substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) at deposition temperatures of 250/spl deg/C-400/spl deg/ C. We have used Ru(mhd), as a metal organic (MO) source. No films were deposited without the addition of O/sub 2/ gas. RuO/sub 2/ films were deposited at high O/sub 2/ addition. For the deposition of Ru films in the surface reaction controlled region, the activation energy was 0.58 eV. The smooth and well-adherent Ru films had very low resistivities. The microstructure of Ru films was greatly dependent on deposition conditions. Ru films deposited at 27/spl deg/C showed a good step coverage.
Preservation of <i>Serratia marcescens</i> by High-Vacuum Lyophilization (1966)

Water-washed Serratia marcescens (ATCC strain 14041) cells were lyophilized in an all-glass system capable of evacuation to pressures of less than 5 x 10(-6) torr. Lyophilization at the lowest pressures resulted in 50 to 65% survival for unstabilized washed organisms compared with 10 to 20% when the cells were lyophilized at pressures of about 2.5 x 10(-2) torr. At the latter pressures, 45 to 65% survival was obtained when NaCl or Naylor-Smith stabilizer was added to the cell suspensions before lyophilization. However, the stabilizers failed to increase significantly the levels of survival compared with water suspension when cells were lyophilized at pressures less than 10(-5) torr. The high survival rates obtained by the high-vacuum technique may be attributed to the reduction of traces of molecular oxygen which has been reported to be destructive of the dried bacteria. Survival of unstabilized dried S. marcescens after 1-day storage increased markedly with decreasing sealing pressure. Under the highest vacuum attained, survival of the dried bacteria was not impaired by storage for up to 1 month at Dry Ice temperatures; at higher temperatures, viability losses occurred. Exposure of the dried unstabilized bacteria to dry air resulted in rapid viability loss. The inactivation could be stopped almost immediately by evacuation to pressures of less than 10(-5) torr, but the evacuation failed to reverse the viability losses that occurred during exposure.