gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visible light communications in vehicular networks for cellular offloading (2015)

The acquisition of environmental information from vehicles is expected to overload cellular networks. Short range vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside wireless communication technologies, such as IEEE 802.11p, are being foreseen for the offloading of cellular networks. A nearer breakthrough in this direction is represented by visible light communication (VLC), which can exploit light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the rear and head lights of vehicles to communicate with neighbors in visibility. In this paper, we investigate the impact of VLC between vehicles for data exchanging and cellular network offloading. Specifically, vehicles communicate through VLC and exploit traffic lights as road side units to collect information toward a remote control center. Results are given in terms of connectivity and percentage of packets transmitted through VLC and are obtained by means of a realistic simulation tool which takes into account real roads topology, realistic traffic traces, and the characteristics of the VLC protocol stack.
A user-oriented webpage ranking algorithm based on user attention time (2008)

We propose a new webpage ranking algorithm which is personalized. Our idea is to rely on the attention time spent on a document by the user as the essential clue for producing the user-oriented webpage ranking. The prediction of the attention time of a new webpage is based on the attention time of other previously browsed pages by this user. To acquire the attention time of the latter webpages, we developed a browser plugin which is able to record the time a user spends reading a certain webpage and then automatically send that data to a server. Once the user attention time is acquired, we calibrate it to account for potential repetitive occurrences of the webpage before using it in the prediction process. After the user’s attention times of a collection of documents are known, our algorithm can predict the user’s attention time of a new document through document content similarity analysis, which is applied to both texts and images. We evaluate the webpage ranking results from our algorithm by comparing them with the ones produced by Google’s Pagerank algorithm.
Targeted inactivation of <i>CTNNB1</i> reveals unexpected effects of β-catenin mutation (2002)

Inactivating mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) or activating mutations of the beta-catenin gene (CTNNB1) initiate colorectal neoplasia. To address the biochemical and physiologic effects of mutant beta-catenin, we disrupted either the mutant or wild-type CTNNB1 allele in a human colorectal cancer cell line. Cells with only wild-type beta-catenin had decreased colony-forming ability when plated at low density, although their growth was similar to that of parental cells when passaged under routine conditions. Immunohistochemistry and cell-fractionation studies suggested that mutant beta-catenin activity was distinguished primarily by cellular localization and not by protein degradation. Surprisingly, we found mutant beta-catenin bound less well to E-cadherin than did wild-type beta-catenin, and the membranous localization of wild-type and mutant beta-catenin was accordingly distinct. These findings pose several challenges to current models of APC/beta-catenin function.
Formoterol fumarate, a new β<sub>2</sub>‐adrenoceptor agonist (1989)

Four double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, crossover studies were performed in nine asthmatic patients to evaluate beta 2-adrenoceptor selectivity and the duration of effect of formoterol. One study with cumulatively increasing doses of formoterol and salbutamol showed that with the inhaled route, formoterol was 5-15 times more potent than salbutamol with respect to bronchodilation. In a second study, 6 micrograms formoterol and 0.1 mg salbutamol were given for comparison of effect duration. Five hours after salbutamol inhalation the FEV1 values were back to basal. Eight hours after formoterol inhalation about 75% of the maximum bronchodilation remained and the FEV1 was significantly higher than after salbutamol inhalation. By oral route, a study with cumulatively increasing doses showed that as a bronchodilator formoterol was about 50 times more potent than salbutamol. The same potency difference was seen for increase of heart rate and decrease of diastolic blood pressure, indicating that the clinical selectivity for beta 2-adrenoceptors is equal for the two drugs. In a fourth study comparable doses by oral route did not show any difference in the duration of bronchodilation. We conclude that inhaled formoterol is 5-15 times more potent than salbutamol. Inhaled formoterol produces longer duration of bronchodilation, with clinically relevant bronchodilation for at least 8 h. The prolonged duration of formoterol was not seen with oral treatment.
Clinical experience with the Silc Cup Vacuum Extractor. (1993)

The relative merits of vacuum extraction have been extensively studied and its advantages analysed. These include its ease of application, encouragement of "autorotation" of the malpositioned foetal head and its safety for both foetus and especially the mother. One hundred and eighty-six vacuum extraction assisted deliveries were performed at the Department of Gynaecological Oncology & Urology, Kandang Kerbau Hospital, from 1988 to 1990 using the 50 mm Silicone Silc Cup Vacuum Extractor (Menox AB). Anaesthetic requirements were minimal with 97% of cases accomplished with local perineal anaesthesia. Maternal complications were very few and only 1.6% of cases had third degree lacerations. There was no maternal or foetal mortality. The most frequent foetal morbidity was neonatal jaundice (28%) with only 7% requiring phototherapy. Cephalohaematoma was found in 8% and 2% had minor scalp abrasions. There were 3 infants with subaponeurotic haematoma who subsequently recovered uneventfully. Vacuum deliveries that were attempted but completed by forceps deliveries ("failed" vacuum extraction) accounted for 10% of total cases. The Silc cup vacuum extractor although not a replacement for all forceps manoeuvres offers a safe and efficient method of assisted delivery under the appropriate clinical circumstances.
Time-Frequency Blind Source Separation Using Independent Component Analysis for Output-Only Modal Identification of Highly Damped Structures (2012)

Output-only algorithms are needed for modal identification when only structural responses are available. The recent years have witnessed the fast development of blind source separation (BSS) as a promising signal processing technique, pursuing to recover the sources using only the measured mixtures. As the most popular tool solving the BSS problem, independent component analysis (ICA) is able to directly extract the time-domain modal responses, which are viewed as virtual sources, from the observed system responses; however, it has been shown that ICA loses accuracy in the presence of higher-level damping. In this study, the modal identification issue, which is incorporated into the BSS formulation, is transformed into a time-frequency framework. The sparse time-frequency representations of the monotone modal responses are proposed as the targeted independent sources hidden in those of the system responses which have been short-time Fourier-transformed (STFT); they can then be efficiently extracted by ICA, whereby the time-domain modal responses are recovered such that the modal parameters are readily obtained. The simulation results of a multidegree-of-freedom system illustrate that the proposed output-only STFT-ICA method is capable of accurately identifying modal information of lightly and highly damped structures, even in the presence of heavy noise and nonstationary excitation. The laboratory experiment on a highly damped three-story frame and the analysis of the real measured seismic responses of the University of Southern California hospital building demonstrate the capability of the method to perform blind modal identification in practical applications.
Microarrays and Blood Diagnostics (2007)

Blood donation testing consists of a series of distinct assays determining compatibility of blood and blood products between donor and recipient as well as detecting potential contamination by life-threatening blood-borne pathogens. Current testing algorithms in developed countries provide extremely safe blood supply, although they are rather complex. Microarray technology has the potential to simplify the testing of algorithms by providing a single multiplex testing platform.
Trimethylpentanediol dibenzoate: New plasticizer for plastisol screen ink (1994)

Abstract Trimethylpentane diol (TMPD) dibenzoate use in vinyl as a plasticizer is not well recognized, and little has been published on vinyl performance characteristics. To assess new applications for vinyl, a basic evaluation was conducted. Based on the results of the screen and other considerations an evaluation for utility in plastisol silk screen ink was conducted. The results indicated that the TMPD dibenzoate performed very well in white ink, requiring good fabric dye bleed resistance compared to polymeric and phthalates currently being used for non‐bleed ink. Non‐bleed characteristics are important for colored tee shirt printing. The benzoate is a good solvator and has excellent extraction resistance.
On the Complexity of Multiple Sequence Alignment (1994)

We study the computational complexity of two popular problems in multiple sequence alignment: multiple alignment with SP-score and multiple tree alignment. It is shown that the first problem is NP-complete and the second is MAX SNP-hard. The complexity of tree alignment with a given phylogeny is also considered.
Amyloid-β Oligomers in Cerebrospinal Fluid are Associated with Cognitive Decline in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease (2012)

Oligomers of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) are thought to be the most toxic form of Aβ and are linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we used a flow cytometric approach for the detection and assessment of oligomers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD patients and other neurological disorders. 30 CSF samples from patients suffering from AD (n = 14), non-demented controls (n = 12), and other neurological disorders (dementia with Lewy bodies, n = 2; vascular dementia, n = 1; primary progressive aphasia, n = 1) were analyzed for the presence of Aβ-oligomers by flow cytometry. The CSF levels of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and amyloid-β (Aβ)42 were determined using ELISA. CSF Aβ-oligomer levels in AD patients were elevated in comparison to the non-AD group (p = 0.073). The ratio Aβ-oligomers/Aβ42 was significantly elevated in AD subjects compared to non-AD subjects (p = 0.001). Most important, there was a negative correlation between the amount of Aβ-oligomers and the Mini-Mental Status Exam score (r = -0.65; p = 0.013) in AD patients. The detection of Aβ-oligomers using flow cytometry analysis seems to be useful in assessing the stage of AD. This is a novel and important finding as none of the currently used CSF biomarkers are clearly associated with dementia severity.
Optical networks for local loop applications (1989)

Some of the options for optical technology within the local loop environment are examined. In particular, passive shared access networks have been considered in some detail. These networks show great promise for delivering existing telephone services to small to medium business customers (4-30 lines) economically by the early 1990s. Extending fiber to the home will also be possible by virtue of a similar passive network infrastructure for customers requiring new broadband services beyond the single telephone line. For one-line plain old telephone service (POTS) customers, an intermediate approach of terminating the fiber network at the final network distribution point, with copper retained for the final leg, may be used prior to the provision of broadband services. A key feature of the passive optical network architecture is the use of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) as an upgrade strategy, allowing graceful upgrading from telephone services to multichannel high-definition television (HDTV) on gigabit/second bearers and full two-way switched broadband services employing wavelength routing across the network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An efficient recovery mechanism for MPLS-based protection LSP (2002)

Network reliability and survivability have been very important issues to provide for application services that may require a real-time service or high priority QoS (quality of service) in the Internet. IETF has proposed largely two recovery mechanisms for MPLS-based protection label switching path (LSP), which are protection switching and rerouting models. However, from the viewpoint of TE (traffic engineering), IETF's recovery mechanisms have not considered the optimal backup path for the recovery of an LSP in the occurrence of a network failure. This paper suggests an efficient pre-qualified recovery mechanism, which optimizes the network performance by considering link usage. Since an existing recovery mechanism, pre-qualified rerouting, selects a backup path only once at the LSP setup time, it may not reflect the exact status of network resources at the time of a fault. In contrast, our approach exchanges network status information among LSRs so that the backup path selection engine can use up-to-date information and decide an optimal backup path for a possible failure. The performance of the proposed recovery method has been demonstrated by simulation using MNS (MPLS network simulator). The new proposed recovery mechanism can always maintain an optimized network state regardless of the fault occurrence.
Virulence of a<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>clinical isolate in mice is determined by failure to induce Th1 type immunity and is associated with induction of IFN-α/β (2001)

To understand how virulent mycobacteria subvert host immunity and establish disease, we examined the differential response of mice to infection with various human outbreak Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. One clinical isolate, HN878, was found to be hypervirulent, as demonstrated by unusually early death of infected immune-competent mice, compared with infection with other clinical isolates. The differential effect on survival required lymphocyte function because severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice infected with HN878 or other clinical isolates all died at the same rate. The hypervirulence of HN878 was associated with failure to induce M. tuberculosis-specific proliferation and IFN-gamma production by spleen and lymph node cells from infected mice. In addition, 2- to 4-fold lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-gamma mRNAs were observed in lungs of HN878-infected mice. IL-10, IL-4, and IL-5 mRNA levels were not significantly elevated in lungs of HN878 infected mice. In contrast, IFN-alpha mRNA levels were significantly higher in lungs of these mice. To further investigate the role of Type 1 IFNs, mice infected with HN878 were treated intranasally with purified IFN-alpha/beta. The treatment resulted in increased lung bacillary loads and even further reduced survival. These results suggest that the hypervirulence of HN878 may be due to failure of this strain to stimulate Th1 type immunity. In addition, the lack of development of Th1 immunity in response to HN878 appears to be associated with increased induction of Type 1 IFNs.
RelCom: Relational combinatorics features for rapid object detection (2010)

We present a simple yet elegant feature, RelCom, and a boosted selection method to achieve a very low complexity object detector. We generate combinations of low-level feature coefficients and apply relational operators such as margin based similarity rule over each possible pair of these combinations to construct a proposition space. From this space we define combinatorial functions of Boolean operators to form complex hypotheses that model any logical proposition. In case these coefficients are associated with the pixel coordinates, they encapsulate higher order spatial structure within the object window. Our results on benchmark datasets prove that the boosted RelCom features can match the performance of HOG features on SVM-RBF while providing 5× speed up and significantly outperform SVM-linear while reducing the false alarm rate 5×~20×. In case of intensity features the improvement in false alarm rate over SVM-RBF is 14× with a 128× speed up. We also demonstrate that RelCom based on pixel features is very suitable and efficient for small object detection tasks.
Surface spin-glass behavior in La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 nanoparticles (2001)

The low-temperature magnetic and transport properties of La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 nanoparticles have been investigated. It is found that a surface spin-glass behavior exists in La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 nanoparticles, which undergo a magnetic transition to a frozen state below 45 K. The low-temperature surface spin-glass behavior exists even at the highest field used (H=50 kOe). Moreover, the spin-glass-like transition disappears for particles above 50 nm. In addition, the suppressed low-field magnetoconductivity (LFMC) observed at low temperature for nanosized La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 is obviously lower than the expected upper limit of LFMC, 1/3, for polycrystalline manganites, which is proposed to arise from the higher-order tunneling through the insulating spin-glass-like surface layers.
Strategies for Wireless Intelligent Sensing Devices (WISDs) (2007)

The development of Wireless Intelligent Sensor Devices (WISDs) has led to significant experiemental and computational challenges. This paper descibes the development of low cost, self powered, wireless sensors with built-in intelligence capable of withstanding harsh environments, initially to be deployed for aerospace and automotive applications. The scope of the paper encompasses the integration of key technology developments: sensors; energy efficient data processing and feature extraction; power scavenging; and, information communication between distributed elements using telemetry. Clearly it would be an abmitious task to cover all of these technologies in one paper, so we will three elements of research which are pertenent to the successful outcome of the work. Thus the paper outlines progress made by the authors in: (i) Intelligent Active Sensing; (ii) Statistical Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning; and (iii) Energy Harvesting. The primary aim of this paper is to discuss some of the issues which are of direct relevance to constructing and operating wireless sensor within harsh environment.
A comparative study of the elastic properties of continuous tear curvilinear capsulorhexis versus capsulorhexis produced by radiofrequency endodiathermy. (1994)

Capsulorhexis using radio-frequency endodiathermy may confer some advantages over continuous tear curvilinear capsulorhexis (CTCC) in certain clinical situations. It is unclear whether a capsulorhexis produced in this fashion has the clinically advantageous elasticity and resistance to tearing that a CTCC has been demonstrated to have. To investigate this, a test of capsular elasticity was carried out on pairs of eyes obtained from an eye bank, 42 eyes of 21 patients in total, using modified digital vernier calipers. One eye of each pair had a CTCC, the other a diathermy capsulorhexis (DC). The elasticity of the capsule in both groups was expressed by comparing the circumference of the capsulotomy at rest with its circumference at rupture. The mean capsular elasticity of the CTCC group was significantly greater than that of the DC group (p << 0.001). The capsular edge in both groups was examined using scanning electron microscopy, and the difference in morphology appears to be the source of the difference in elasticity.
Measuring optical phase singularities at subwavelength resolution (2004)

We will present experimental and theoretical studies of optical fields with subwavelength structures, in particular phase singularities and coherent detection methods with nanometric resolution. An electromagnetic field is characterized by an amplitude, a phase and a polarization state. Therefore, experimental studies require coherent detection methods, which allow one to measure the amplitude and phase of the optical field with subwavelength resolution. We will present two instruments, a heterodyne scanning probe microscope (heterodyne SNOM) and a high resolution interference microscope (HRIM). We will review some earlier work using the heterodyne SNOM, in particular the measurement of phase singularities produced by a 1 Î¼m pitch grating with 10 nm spatial sampling. Using the HRIM we have investigated the intensity and phase distributions (with singularities) in the focal region of microlenses. The measurements are compared with the results calculated by rigorous diffraction theory.
Carta a la redacción: Brotes de parvovirus B19 (2005)

In response to the recent report of school outbreaks of parvovirus B19 infection in Portugal [1], Heath Kelly and Jennie Leydon of the Western Pacific Regional Measles Laboratory, have echoed the call for parvovirus B19 tests to be included in measles and rubella surveillance.
Implementing SRI's Pashto speech-to-speech translation system on a smart phone (2010)

We describe our recent effort implementing SRI's UMPC-based Pashto speech-to-speech (S2S) translation system on a smart phone running the Android operating system. In order to maintain very low latencies of system response on computationally limited smart phone platforms, we developed efficient algorithms and data structures and optimized model sizes for various system components. Our current Android-based S2S system requires less than one-fourth the system memory and significantly lower processor speed with a sacrifice of 15% relative loss of system accuracy, compared to a laptop-based platform.
Purification and properties of an amine dehydrogenase from <i>Pseudomonas</i> AM1 and its role in growth on methylamine (1968)

1. Whole cells of Pseudomonas AM1 grown on methylamine oxidize methylamine, formaldehyde and formate. Crude extracts oxidize methylamine only if supplemented with phenazine methosulphate. 2. By using a spectrophotometric assay, the methylamine-oxidizing enzyme has been purified 20-fold in 31% yield. 3. The enzyme is a dehydrogenase, unable to utilize oxygen, NAD, NADP, flavines or menadione as electron acceptors, but able to utilize phenazine methosulphate, ferricyanide, cytochrome c or brilliant cresyl blue. 4. The enzyme is non-specific, readily oxidizing aliphatic monoamines and diamines, histamine and ethanol-amine. Secondary and tertiary amines, quaternary ammonium salts and aromatic amines are not oxidized. 5. The pH optima for methylamine, n-pentylamine and putrescine are respectively 7.6, 8.0 and 8.5. 6. The K(m) value for methylamine is 5.2mum and that for phenazine methosulphate 56mum. 7. The enzyme will withstand heating for 15min. at 80 degrees without loss of activity, but is inactivated at higher temperatures. It is not inactivated by any pH value between 2.6 and 10.6. 8. The dehydrogenase is inhibited by semicarbazide (K(i) 3.35mum), isoniazid (K(i) 1.17mum), cuprizone (K(i) 0.49mum), p-chloromercuribenzoate (K(i) 0.45mm) and quinacrine (K(i) 12.1mm). 9. The enzyme is absent from succinate-grown cells, and, during adaptation from succinate to methylamine, activity appears before growth on methylamine begins.