gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and association of poly(<i>N,N</i>‐dimethylacrylamide) copolymers with perfluorocarbon pendent groups connected through polyethylene‐glycol tethers (2003)

Abstract The synthesis is reported of copolymers of N,N ‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and methacrylates containing 2,2′‐dihydroperfluorodecanoyl (RF) groups separated from the methacrylate by long polyethylene glycol (PEG) tether groups (between 1000 and 14,000 Da). At concentrations of between 1 and 8 wt % the copolymers with macromonomer contents of 1 mol % or less give gels in organic solvents such as dioxane, THF, or methanol, as well as in water. Given the low molecular weights, this indicates very efficient association of very low numbers of RF groups. Association and gel formation is enormously enhanced in the presence of longer PEG tethers. This is consistent with smaller poly(N,N,‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) intermolecular excluded volume effects that are mediated by the longer PEG tethers and possibly by the incompatibility of PEG and PDMA that may lead to the formation of PEG microdomains. This increases the local concentrations of the RF groups in the PEO domains that are not diluted by the PDMA chains, as would be the case in the absence of PEG tethers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 360–373, 2004
A second gene in the Staphylococcus aureus cadA cadmium resistance determinant of plasmid pI258 (1991)

Two open reading frames on a 3.7-kb BglII-XbaI fragment which encodes the Staphylococcus aureus cadA cadmium (and zinc) resistance determinant of plasmid pI258 were identified (G. Nucifora, L. Chu, T. K. Misra, and S. Silver, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:3544-3548, 1989). The [35S]methionine-labelled protein products of the 727-amino-acid CadA ATPase and of the 122-amino-acid CadC polypeptide in Escherichia coli were identified by using the T7 RNA polymerase-promoter expression system. A truncated CadA polypeptide (402 amino acids) did not confer resistance in S. aureus but was expressed in E. coli under control of the T7 RNA polymerase-promoter. Removal of 678 nucleotides from the 5' end of the published sequence (which includes the cadA promoter) abolished resistance to cadmium, whereas a 146-nucleotide-shorter deletion was without effect. The cadC gene is needed in addition to cadA for full resistance to cadmium in S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis. cadC functions both in cis and in trans.
Application of AE techniques for the detection of wind turbine using Hilbert-Huang transform (2010)

This paper describes acoustic emission (AE) techniques based on Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) that were recently exercised to characterise the AE signals released from the wind turbine bearing. Acoustic emission that detects elastic stress waves within a structure failure is capable of online monitoring and very sensitive to the fault development. AE wave is a non-stationary stochastic signal. Hilbert-Huang transform is applicable to nonlinear and non-stationary processes. With the Hilbert-Huang transform, instantaneous frequencies based on local properties of the signal can be got as functions of time and energy designated as the Hilbert spectrum that give sharp identifications of imbedded structures. We analyzed the AE signals recording from the wind turbine bearing test using Hilbert-Huang transform. The results show that the AE in the wind turbine bearing can be described in terms of features like frequency and energy, and inferences can be made about kinds of damage processes taking place in the bearing. And thus the HHT analysis method will has a good potential for the acoustic emission signal processing in the field of wind turbines.
Multi-Power Port Gas Turbine Configurations for Solar Cogeneration Applications (1982)

Solar energy, unlike fossil fuel energy, is a constrained source of power. It is constrained by its diurnal and seasonal variations and by weather upsets. Solar energy, unlike fossil fuel energy, which is highly concentrated and highly commandable, cannot be directly commanded. The only means to control the solar power input to a gas turbine is the flow rate of the fluid which acquires the converted solar heat and conveys it, passing through the turbine stages on its way to the exhaust. A conventional gas turbine set has one power input port, the combustion heat-compressed gas at the gas turbine inlet, and one controlled power power output port, the mechanical variable shaft torque of the power turbine. For cogeneration applications, two power controlled ports are necessary: the mechanical shaft torque--usually used to drive a generator--and the exhaust fluid--usually compressed clean air for industrial or topping cycle uses.
Corneal Argyrosis Associated with Silver Soldering (1992)

We report a patient who developed corneal argyrosis secondary to occupational silver soldering. Clinically, the cornea was notable for a green-brown discoloration localized to Descemet's membrane by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Silver particles were identified within the anterior three eighths of Descemet's membrane by light and electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis. To our knowledge, the association between corneal argyrosis and silver soldering has not been previously reported.
Comparison of a Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymeric Anion Exchanger and a Polymethacrylate Copolymeric Anion Exchanger for Glucosinolate Separation (1997)

Abstract Studies on gradient elution were undertaken on a Hamilton PRP-X100 column. Satisfactory analysis was produced by using a concentration gradient in which the eluent ion concentration was increased over the run. To conclude the overall investigation of glucosinolate separation by anion exchange chromatography, a polymethacrylate copolymeric anion exchanger was evaluated and compared with a silica anion exchanger and a polystyrenedivinylbenzene copolymeric anion exchanger for an isocratic analysis of glucosinolates. Different commonly used inorganic and organic anions as well as alkanesulfonate anions and borategluconate mixtures were tested as aqueous mobile phase.
Adverse Effects of Cyclophosphamide on Progeny Outcome can be Mediated Through Post-Testicular Mechanisms in the Rat1 (1992)

Previous studies from our laboratory have suggested that, in addition to an effect on spermatozoa in the testis, cyclophosphamide may have an adverse effect on spermatozoa after they leave the testis, during epididymal transit. To elaborate on this post-testicular effect on germ cells and to determine at which site(s) in the epididymis germ cells are most sensitive to cyclophosphamide treatment, three experiments were undertaken. First, the time course of the effect of treatment of male rats with cyclophosphamide on the outcome of their progeny was determined. Male rats were treated daily by gavage with saline or one of two doses of cyclophosphamide (6.8 mg/kg or 10.0 mg/kg) for 1, 4, or 7 days. At the end of each treatment period, males were mated to assess the effect on pregnancy outcome. No effect was observed on pre-implantation loss at any time among any of the groups, but there was a time-dependent and dose-related increase in post-implantation loss. Post-implantation loss was significantly increased after 4 days of treatment and reached nearly 40% after 7 days of drug exposure (10.0 mg/kg). Second, the effect of treatment with single high doses of cyclophosphamide was studied. Male rats were treated with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (10, 30, or 70 mg/kg) and bred 1 day and 4 days post-treatment. No significant change in pre-implantation loss was observed at either time point; no change in post-implantation loss was found after 1 day post-treatment. However, a significant increase in post-implantation loss was observed in the two high-dose groups 4 days post-treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Two novel modeling methodologies for IGBT transistor (2003)

To overcome the limitations of the conventional Matlab IGBT model, two model libraries for the power device (IGBT) aimed for the simulation of the power circuit tools have been proposed. To that end, we adapt the Stateflow to create the first model that consists of both control and operative parts. The Matlab Simulink environment is used to build the second model. The paper discusses the modeling methodology and describes simulation results obtained for different operation zone as well as advantages and drawbacks of the applied techniques.
The cellulose synthase superfamily in fully sequenced plants and algae (2009)

Our data suggest that the CslA and CslC families originated through an ancient gene duplication event in land plants. We speculate that the single-copy Csl gene in green algae may encode a mannan synthase. We confirm that the rest of the Csl families have a different evolutionary origin than CslA and CslC, and have proposed a model for the divergence order among them. Our study provides new insights about the evolution of this important gene family in plants.
High resolution diffusion‐weighted imaging using readout‐segmented echo‐planar imaging, parallel imaging and a two‐dimensional navigator‐based reacquisition (2009)

Single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) is well established as the method of choice for clinical, diffusion-weighted imaging with MRI because of its low sensitivity to the motion-induced phase errors that occur during diffusion sensitization of the MR signal. However, the method is prone to artifacts due to susceptibility changes at tissue interfaces and has a limited spatial resolution. The introduction of parallel imaging techniques, such as GRAPPA (GeneRalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions), has reduced these problems, but there are still significant limitations, particularly at higher field strengths, such as 3 Tesla (T), which are increasingly being used for routine clinical imaging. This study describes how the combination of readout-segmented EPI and parallel imaging can be used to address these issues by generating high-resolution, diffusion-weighted images at 1.5T and 3T with a significant reduction in susceptibility artifact compared with the single-shot case. The technique uses data from a 2D navigator acquisition to perform a nonlinear phase correction and to control the real-time reacquisition of unusable data that cannot be corrected. Measurements on healthy volunteers demonstrate that this approach provides a robust correction for motion-induced phase artifact and allows scan times that are suitable for routine clinical application.
Sulodexide in the treatment of intermittent claudication. Results of a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled study (2002)

Sulodexide improved the walking ability of peripheral arterial obstructive disease patients to a significantly greater extent than placebo, with a concurrent significant decrease in fibrinogen. The treatment was well tolerated.
Immersion digital in-line holographic microscopy (2006)

Digital in-line holographic microscopy is a promising new tool for high resolution imaging. We demonstrate, by using latex beads, that a considerable increase in numerical aperture, and, therefore, resolution can be achieved if the space between a source and a CCD camera chip is filled with a high refractive index medium. The high refractive index medium implies a shorter effective wavelength so that submicrometer resolution can be obtained with laser light in the visible range.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Dissociation Kinetics (2001)

The vibrational energy distribution and the degree of dissociation within a system of hydrogen or oxygen molecules were modeled using molecular dynamics. The first step in this process was to model the atomic and molecular interactions. Because hydrogen and oxygen form diatomic molecules, vibration is the only intramolecular force that must be computed. The Morse potential (Morse, P. M., Diatomic Molecules According to the Wave Mechanics. II. Vibration Levels, Physical Review, Vol. 34, July 1929, pp. 57-64) is used to perform this calculation. Atomic interactions outside the molecule are modeled using the Lennard-Jones potential. The vibrational energy level distribution of this model demonstrated excellent agreement with the Boltzmann distribution. In this molecular dynamics simulation, dissociation occurs when the potential energy between two vibrating atoms exceeds a critical value. Recombination is also possible between two previously dissociated atoms by the reverse mechanism. This process enables a system to start in a state of molecules and proceed to an equilibrated state of atoms and molecules. The molecular dynamics simulation accurately modeled both the rate of dissociation and the ratio of species at equilibrium. This investigation demonstrated that simple chemical reactions in relatively large systems can be modeled using molecular dynamics.
Allogeneic Injection of Fetal Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Therapeutic Angiogenesis in a Rat Model of Hind Limb Ischemia (2008)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) have been demonstrated to be an attractive therapeutic cell source for tissue regeneration and repair. However, it remains unknown whether or not allogeneic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from fetal membranes (FM), which are generally discarded as medical waste after delivery, has therapeutic potential. FM-MSC were obtained from Lewis rats and had surface antigen expression and multipotent potential partly similar to those of BM-MSC. Compared with BM-MSC, FM-MSC secreted a comparable amount of hepatocyte growth factor despite a small amount of vascular endothelial growth factor. FM-MSC and BM-MSC both expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I but not MHC class II antigens and did not elicit allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation in mixed lymphocyte culture. FM-MSC or BM-MSC obtained from Lewis rats were injected into a MHC-mismatched August-Copenhagen-Irish rat model of hind limb ischemia. Three weeks after injection, blood perfusion and capillary density were significantly higher in the FM-MSC and BM-MSC groups than in the phosphate-buffered saline group, and allogeneic FM-MSC and BM-MSC were still observed. In nonischemic hind limb tissues, allogeneic FM-MSC and BM-MSC injection were associated with a comparatively small amount of T lymphocyte infiltration, compared with the injection of allogeneic splenic lymphocytes. In conclusion, allogeneic FM-MSC injection did not elicit a lymphocyte proliferative response and provided significant improvement in a rat model of hind limb ischemia, comparable to the response to BM-MSC. Thus, allogeneic injection of FM-MSC may be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of severe peripheral vascular disease. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
A Missing Link is Found: a Novel Homologous Series of Superconducting Pb-Based Cuprates (1995)

A new Pb-based superconductor containing the Pb-1223 phase has been successfully synthesized by means of a high-pressure technique. Bulk superconductivity has been detected at temperatures below 115 K. This means that a new superconducting homologous series, Pb-12( n -1) n , exists. To date, there exist homologous series of superconducting layered cuprates for each of the M-(Ba, Sr)-Ca-Cu-O systems where M stands for an element with the atomic number between 80(Hg) and 83(Bi) except 82(Pb)–a missing link. This missing link has been found.
Binding of Activated Macrophages to Tumor Cells through a Macrophage Lectin and Its Role in Macrophage Tumoricidal Activity1 (1989)

A 45-60 kDa Gal/GalNAc-specific macrophage lectin was found to participate in the interaction between tumor cells and tumoricidal macrophages activated by an antitumor streptococcal preparation, OK-432, and in the tumoricidal activity of the activated macrophages. The binding between OK-432-elicited activated macrophages and murine mastocytoma P-815 cells was inhibited on preincubation of the macrophages with a neoglycoprotein (Gal-BSA) or a complex-type glycopeptide (unit B) which was a specific inhibitor of the macrophage lectin. This binding of the macrophages to P-815 cells was also inhibited on the addition of anti-macrophage lectin antiserum. Contrary to the case of OK-432-elicited macrophages, the binding of thioglycolate-elicited (responsive) macrophages to P-815 cells was inhibited only a little by Gal-BSA and unit B, and not inhibited by the antiserum. Furthermore, the tumoricidal activity of the activated macrophages was inhibited by the addition of the anti-macrophage lectin antiserum. These results suggest that the binding of activated macrophages to tumor cells through the Gal/GalNAc-specific macrophage lectin is an important part of the tumor cell killing mechanism.
Genetic and molecular basis of cardiac arrhythmias Impact on clinical management (1999)

Clinical cardiologists who manage arrhythmias are increasingly faced with new complexities in management decisions. The once obscure science and jargon of medical genetics is assuming a much more prominent position in the mainstream medical literature, with seemingly weekly reports of new mutations to explain what once seemed very obscure diseases. This rapidly expanding knowledge base places the clinician — who usually trained when the concepts were not a major component of the medical school or fellowship training curricula — at a disadvantage in making day-to-day decisions with respect to managing common symptoms, such as unexplained syncope or heart failure. Even entertaining a diagnosis such as the congenital long QT syndrome or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy used to be a medical curiosity. Now, with increased public and physician awareness of these and even more esoteric conditions, the questions on patient management have become more common, and more complex. They include not only broad questions like ‘How can I establish (or better yet, rule out) a diagnosis?’ but also more specific issues such as ‘Should this patient undergo genetic testing? Where? How? And how can I interpret the results?’ The first and second parts of this article attempt to answer these questions. They neither teach molecular genetics nor do they provide an exhaustive review of the current state-of-the-art of molecular and genetic cardi-
Foaming of Molten Slags Containing Iron Oxide (1983)

Foaminess and foam life were measured by gas injection into molten slags containing iron oxide. The results obtained in this work are as follows : (1) Foams observed in iron oxide slag melts are essentially unstable, and the foaminess of the slag melts depends on the rate of foaming by gas injection and decay rate of the foams. So the foam height at constant gas flow rate increases with increasing foam life. (2) The foaminess and foam life of the slags increase rapidly by decreasing O/Si ratio of the slags below 3.5. (3) Foam life has a relation to the surface tension of the slags, and the decrease of the surface tension of the slags contributes to the increase of the foam life. (4) Foaminess and foam life with Ar+ 3%H2 gas are higher than with Ar gas. It can be explained by lowering the coalescing rate of foams caused by reduction of foam size and existance of metal particle on the foam surface during the injection of the gas containing hygrogen. (5) Addition of P2O5, Na2O or CaF2 to the FeO-CaO-SiO2 slags contributes to increase in the foaminess and foam life. It may be shown that the Maragoni effect is responsible for the increase in foam stability by those additions. While the addition of MgO has no effect on foam stability.
An Interactive Visualization System for Analyzing Spacecraft Telemetry (2007)

Traditionally, the diagnosis of spacecraft anomalies during test and flight is slow and not very thorough due to a limited view of telemetry. The process is an off-line, linear analysis of guessing a root cause and then attempting to verify the guess through identifying and plotting telemetry channels over the appropriate time period. The desire of mission operators and testers is to have a capability to analyze all telemetry channels simultaneously and then be able to freely move through time to cover the entire problem space. Current telemetry display systems, however, only allow an operator to examine on the order of 100 telemetry channels simultaneously from a real-time stream, through a rudimentary playback, or step control of a telemetry archive. This limitation increases the risk that anomalies will be missed and increases the time to determine the real root-cause of the problem. This paper discusses the development and implementation of a visualization system that facilitates a thorough review by enabling an operator to analyze all telemetry data by pattern. This system, called the STEREO autonomy visualizer (SAV) also enables the rapid review of data by using a 'real-time random access' method for viewing real-time and archive telemetry streams. By using the system, STEREO testers have identified bugs that other test review techniques have missed, and decreased the time necessary to perform test review by more than a factor of 5. In addition, use of this system has resulted in a greater understanding of the spacecraft through the visualization of inter-relationships between telemetry channels during faults in flight.
In Situ-Generated Volatile Precursor for CVD Growth of a Semimetallic 2D Dichalcogenide (2018)

Semimetallic-layered transition-metal dichalcogenides, such as TiS<sub>2</sub>, can serve as a platform material for exploring novel physics modulated by dimensionality, as well as for developing versatile applications in electronics and thermoelectrics. However, controlled synthesis of ultrathin TiS<sub>2</sub> in a dry-chemistry way has yet to be realized because of the high oxophilicity of active Ti precursors. Here, we report the ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to grow large-size, highly crystalline two-dimensional (2D) TiS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets through in situ generating titanium chloride as the gaseous precursor. The addition of NH<sub>4</sub>Cl promoter can react with Ti powders and switch the solid-phase sulfurization reaction into a CVD process, thus enabling the controllability over the size, shape, and thickness of the TiS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets via tuning the synthesis conditions. Interestingly, this semimetallic 2D material exhibits near-infrared surface plasmon resonance absorption and a memristor-like electrical behavior, both holding promise for further application developments. Our method hence opens a new avenue for the CVD growth of 2D metal dichalcogenides directly from metal powders and pave the way for exploring their intriguing properties and applications.