gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Bottom-Up Gold Filling of Metallized Trenches (2019)

This work extends previously detailed void-free, bottom-up feature filling in a near-neutral Na<sub>3</sub>Au(SO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub> electrolyte containing micromolar concentrations of Bi<sup>3+</sup>. Bottom-up electrodeposition in 17 μm and 45 μm tall trenches with an aspect ratio greater than 10 is demonstrated using potentiostatic, stepped potential and/or stepped current control. Strategies to shorten the incubation period associated with slow deposition on uniformly passivated surfaces, which precedes bottom-up filling at fixed potential, are explored. The first electron backscatter diffraction studies of bottom-up filled Au deposits reveal large grains that span the trench width and often exceed tens of micrometers in length. In contrast, smaller grains are observed near the tops of filled trenches and, under conditions of marginal filling, mid-height within them.
Concept and implementation of C+++, an extension of C++ to support user-defined operator symbols and control structures (2004)

The first part of this report presents the concepts of C+++, an extension of C++ allowing the programmer to define new operator symbols with user-defined priorities by specifying a partial precedence relationship. Furthermore, so-called fixary operator combinations consisting of a sequence of associated operator symbols to connect a fixed number of operands as well as flexary operators connecting any number of operands are supported. Finally, operators with lazily evaluated operands are supported which are particularly useful to implement new kinds of control structures, especially as they accept whole blocks of statements as operands, too. In the second part of the report, the implementation of C+++ by means of a 'lazy' precompler for C++ is described in detail.
A text classification algorithm based on feature weighting (2017)

The text classification comes down to match according to certain characteristics of the data to be classified. Of course, the complete match is not possible, so the optimal matching result must be selected to complete the classification. Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional KNN text classification algorithm, a KNN text classification algorithm based on feature weighting is proposed. The algorithm considers the contribution of each dimension to the classification of the model, gives different characteristics to different weights, improves the function of important features, and improves the classification accuracy of the algorithm.
Somatomedin and Growth Hormone in the Newborn (1977)

Somatomedin (SM) levels were measured by porcine cartilage bioassay, and growth hormone (GH) levels by radioimmunoassay in 52 full-term umbilical cord plasma samples and 28 maternal plasma samples. The SM levels in cord plasmas was 0.50 +/- 0.19 units/ml (mean +/- SD) compared to an adult standard plasma pool of 1.0 units/ml. The cord GH levels were 41.7 +/- 36 mmicrogram/ml. The low relative value of SM in the cord plasma is consistent with that found during early childhood, and may reflect a lower level of requirement. The high neonatal GH levels are hypothesized to be a compensatory increase to overcome factors suppressing SM production in fetal life.
Local manganese chloride treatment accelerates fracture healing in a rat model (2014)

This study investigated the effects of local delivery of manganese chloride (MnCl2), an insulin-mimetic compound, upon fracture healing using a rat femoral fracture model. Mechanical testing, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess early and late parameters of fracture healing. At 4 weeks post-fracture, maximum torque to failure was 70% higher (P<0.05) and maximum torsional rigidity increased 133% (P<0.05) in animals treated with 0.125 mg/kg MnCl2 compared to saline controls. Histological analysis of the fracture callus revealed percent new mineralized tissue was 17% higher (P<0.05) at day 10. Immunohistochemical analysis of the 0.125 mg/kg MnCl2 treated group, compared to saline controls, showed a 379% increase in the density of VEGF-C+ cells. In addition, compared to saline controls, the 0.125 mg/kg MnCl2 treated group showed a 233% and 150% increase in blood vessel density in the subperiosteal region at day 10 post-fracture as assessed by detection of PECAM and smooth muscle α actin, respectively. The results suggest that local MnCl2 treatment accelerates fracture healing by increasing mechanical parameters via a potential mechanism of amplified early angiogenesis leading to increased osteogenesis. Therefore, local administration of MnCl2 is a potential therapeutic adjunct for fracture healing.
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: terrorism preparedness among office-based physicians, United States, 2003-2004. (2007)

About 40 percent of physicians or their staffs received training for anthrax or smallpox, but less than one-third received training for any of the other exposures. About 42.2 percent of physicians, 13.5 percent of nurses, and 9.4 percent of physician assistants and nurse practitioners received training in at least one exposure. Approximately 56.2 percent of physicians indicated that they would contact state or local public health officials for diagnostic assistance more frequently than federal agencies and other sources. About 67.1 percent of physicians indicated that they would report a suspected terrorism-related condition to the state or local health department, 50.9 percent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 27.5 percent to the local hospital, and 1.8 percent to a local elected official's office. Approximately 78.8 percent of physicians had contact information for the local health department readily available. About 53.7 percent had reviewed the diseases reportable to health departments since September 2001, 11.3 percent had reviewed them before that month, and 35 percent had never reviewed them.
Stability analysis of the self-phase-locked divide-by-2 optical parametric oscillator (2005)

The properties of all-optical phase-coherent frequency division by 2, based on a self-phase-locked continuous-wave (cw) optical parametric oscillator (OPO), are investigated theoretically. The coupled field equations of an OPO with intracavity quarter-wave plate are solved analytically in steady-state, yielding a condition for self-phase-locked operation. In the self-phase-locked state, two different values for the pump power at threshold are obtained. By using a linear stability analysis, it is proven that only the lower threshold value is stable, whereas the higher threshold value is unstable. The analytical investigations of the steady-state field values further reveal a twofold symmetry in phase space. The theoretical consideration is completed by a numerical analysis based on the integration of the envelopes of the three OPO fields, which allows for studying the temporal evolution of different initial values. The numerical investigation of the OPO subharmonic phases shows that the two-phase eigenstates are equivalent with respect to experimental parameters and are assumed by the self-phase-locked OPO in dependence of the initial phases of the subharmonic fields, dividing phase space into two symmetric basins of attraction.
Motor set in Parkinson's disease. (1990)

Three experiments employing a five-choice button-pressing task tested the ability of Parkinsonian patients to learn and generate sequences of movement, and to switch between alternative sequences at will. It was found that patients could learn and generate individual patterns of movement normally, even complex ones involving an incompatible stimulus-response relationship. They had difficulty, however, in maintaining a sequence if two different ones had been learnt and subjects were required to switch spontaneously from one to the other within a trial. Providing external cues at the start of each sequence to guide the ordering of movements improved the stability of patients' performance. Most errors in sequencing consisted of reverting to the alternative pattern of movement. Parkinsonian subjects thus show an impairment in motor set similar to that found previously in cognitive activity.
Selecting influential and trustworthy neighbors for collaborative filtering recommender systems (2017)

Collaborative filtering has become one of the most widely used methods for providing recommendations in various online environments. Its recommendation accuracy highly relies on the selection of appropriate neighbors for the target user/item based on a user-item matrix. However, existing neighbor selection schemes have inevitable inadequacies, especially when handling a very sparse user-item matrix caused by the increasing amount of users and items in recommender systems. To improve the recommendation accuracy, we propose a novel two-layer neighbor selection scheme that improves the quality of neighbor selections by selecting the most influential and trustworthy neighbors. In particular, the proposed scheme consists of two modules: (1) an availability evaluation module and (2) a trust evaluation module, which evaluate users' influence and trustworthiness in providing recommendations. The performance of the proposed scheme is validated through experiments on a real user dataset. Compared to three existing neighbor selection schemes, the proposed scheme achieves higher recommendation accuracy across datasets with different degrees of sparseness.
Sectorised base stations for FSO ground‐to‐train communications (2020)

Evolution and accessibility of smart‐phones have led to a huge demand in network bandwidth. The ubiquitous use of smart‐phones in high‐speed trains poses a unique challenge in delivering high‐speed internet service on board. This challenge can be overcome by employing free‐space optics, an alternative to radio‐frequency technology. Previous coverage models for ground–train communications employed single laser systems with a larger divergence angle to cover a larger distance. Larger divergence angles lead to larger geometric losses, which may result in a non‐reliable communication link. This study proposes a sectorised multi‐beam coverage model with a smaller divergence angle to reduce the impact of geometric losses in the system. This study also proposes two receiver (Rx) architectures for Rxs deployed on the train. Along with geometric losses, the atmospheric attenuation is taken into consideration for the FSO link. The performance of the ground–train communications system in terms of bit‐error‐rate is evaluated under weak turbulence conditions via numerical simulation.
West Nile Virus Lineage 2 from Blood Donor, Greece (2012)

To the Editor: West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne fl avivirus that primarily causes an asymptomatic or mild disease in humans; however, in <1% of infected persons, it causes neurologic disease. The virus has received increased attention since 2002 when it was established that WNV is transmissible by blood transfusion and organ transplantation (1).
3-D retina organoids (2018)

Across scientific disciplines, 3-D organoid culture systems offer platforms to integrate basic research findings with clinical care. The National Eye Institute mounted a $1.1 million 3-D Retina Organoid Challenge. Organoids developed through the Challenge will be valuable resources for drug screening, disease modeling, and precision and regenerative medicine.
A pilot open label, single dose trial of fenobam in adults with fragile X syndrome (2009)

Clinically significant adverse effects were not identified in this study of single dose fenobam across the range of dosages utilised. The positive effects seen in animal models of FXS treated with fenobam or other mGluR5 antagonists, the apparent lack of clinically significant adverse effects, and the potential beneficial clinical effects seen in this pilot trial support further study of the compound in adults with FXS.
Columbia University at DUC 2004 (2004)

We describe our participation in tasks 2, 4 and 5 of the DUC 2004 evaluation. For each task, we present the system (s) used, focusing on novel and newly developed aspects. We also analyze the results of the human and automatic evaluations.
An Energy Efficient Multi-channel MAC Protocol for wireless ad hoc networks (2012)

The IEEE 802.11 [1] provides multiple channels for wireless communications at the Physical Layer, but the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is only designed for a single channel. If the multiple channels can be exploited by multi-channel MAC protocol, there can be multiple transmissions on different channels. Besides that, the power control algorithm can improve the spatial reuse of wireless channels. In this paper, we combine the multi-channel MAC protocol and the power control algorithm together to exploit multiple channels and improve frequency reuse. The main idea of our proposal is to use IEEE 802.11 Power Saving Scheme (PSM) with different transmission power levels in the ATIM window and the data window. All nodes transmit ATIM/ATIM-ACK/ATIM-RES messages with the maximum power while contending the data channel during the ATIM window, and use the minimum required transmission power in the data window on their negotiated channels. The simulation results show that the proposed E-MMAC improve the performance of the network: aggregate throughput, average delay and energy efficiency.
Polystyrene-Supported Iodobenzene Diacetate (PSIBD)–Mediated Synthesis of 1,2-Diacylbenzenes from 2-Hydroxyaryl Aldehyde/Ketone Acylhydrazones (2008)

Abstract Synthesis of some new 1,2-diacylbenzenes is described by the oxidation of 2-hydroxyaryl aldehyde/ketone acylhydrazones using polystyrene-supported iodobenzene diacetate (PSIBD) in good yield.
Patterns of tolerance to heavy metals among methane-utilizing bacteria (1990)

Journal Article Patterns of tolerance to heavy metals among methane‐utilizing bacteria Get access J. P. Bowman, J. P. Bowman Depatrment of Microbiology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4067 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. I. Sly, L. I. Sly Depatrment of Microbiology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4067 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. C. Hayward A. C. Hayward Depatrment of Microbiology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4067 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Letters in Applied Microbiology, Volume 10, Issue 2, 1 February 1990, Pages 85–87, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.1990.tb00271.x Published: 01 February 1990 Article history Received: 18 October 1989 Accepted: 20 October 1989 Published: 01 February 1990
Hybrid OPC verification flow with compact and rigorous models (2012)

The hybrid optical proximity correction (OPC) verification flow uses both compact and rigorous lithography models. This is the approach we are investigating to meet the challenges to improve the accuracy while keeping the turnaround time (TAT) in check for each new technology node. The compact lithography model is derived from the Hopkins method to calculate the image at the wafer. They consist of the pre-calculated optical kernel set that includes properties of projection, source optics, and the resist effects. The image at the wafer is formed by the convolution of optical kernel set with the mask transmission. The compact model is used for OPC and lithography rule checking (LRC) due to its excellent TAT in full chip applications. Leading edge technology nodes, however, are inherently more sensitive to process variation and typically contain more low contrast areas, sometimes resulting in marginal hotspots. In these localized areas, it is desirable to have access to more predictive first principle lithography simulation. The Abbe method for lithography simulation includes full 3D resist models which solve from the first principles (the reaction/diffusion equation of the post exposure bake) to provide the highest accuracy. These rigorous models have the ability to provide added insight into the 3D developed profile in resist at the wafer level to assist in the application of OPC, verification and disposition of hotspots found by LRC using compact models. The hybrid OPC verification takes the advantage of compact model for TAT and rigorous model for 3D profile accuracy <sup>[1], [2]</sup>. And since the rigorous lithography simulator already supports new technologies like double pattern technology (DPT), electron beam (E-beam) <sup>[3]</sup> and extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUV) <sup>[4]</sup> this approach is extendable to multiple technology nodes.
SEC Rule 10b5-1 and Insiders' Strategic Trade (2008)

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission enacted Rule 10b5-1 to deter insiders from trading with private information, yet also protect insiders' preplanned, non-information-based trades from litigation. Despite its requirement that insiders plan trades when not privately informed, the rule appears to enable strategic trade. Participating insiders' sales systematically follow positive and precede negative firm performance, generating abnormal forward-looking returns larger than those earned by nonparticipating colleagues. The observed association does not appear to be explained by market transaction disclosure response, “predictable” reversion following positive performance, or general periodic price declines. There is evidence, however, that a substantive proportion of randomly drawn plan initiations are associated with pending adverse news disclosures. There is also evidence that early sales plan terminations are associated with pending positive performance shifts, reducing the likelihood that insiders' sales execute at low prices. Collectively, this suggests that, on average, trading within the rule does not solely reflect uninformed diversification.
Autonomous personal vehicle for the first- and last-mile transportation services (2011)

This paper describes an autonomous vehicle testbed that aims at providing the first- and last- mile transportation services. The vehicle mainly operates in a crowded urban environment whose features can be extracted a priori. To ensure that the system is economically feasible, we take a minimalistic approach and exploit prior knowledge of the environment and the availability of the existing infrastructure such as cellular networks and traffic cameras. We present three main components of the system: pedestrian detection, localization (even in the presence of tall buildings) and navigation. The performance of each component is evaluated. Finally, we describe the role of the existing infrastructural sensors and show the improved performance of the system when they are utilized.
A Heterogeneous Hardware-Software Co-Simulation Environment Using User Mode Linux and Clock Suppression (2006)

With the ever increasing complexity of electronic systems and the fact that networked embedded systems become more and more widespread, substantial research has already been devoted to such issues as hardware-software co-design and co-verification, virtual prototypes, and heterogeneous simulation environments including instruction set simulators. The work presented herein, however, presents a new and efficient heterogeneous hardware-software co-simulation environment for network or communication centric distributed embedded systems. It is new, since for the first time it integrates a complete operating system kernel and thus enables testing of driver software and protocol stacks. It is efficient, since it allows intelligently turning off unnecessary simulation loads to allow for the long simulation run times typically needed for communication protocol simulation. The correctness and validity of this virtual prototyping approach are shown by comparing simulation results with real-life measurements in a prototype system developed with the presented simulation environment
A Study on The Hybrid Finite Element Modeling for Side Impact Simulation (1999)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study we suggest simplified and design oriented hybrid modeling methodology to the development of crashworthy structure. This hybrid model consists of main structure, which are modeled by beam and springs and doors modeled by shells. The main structures such as B-pillar roof rail and side sill are represented by nonlinear springs which have the same section properties as shell model have. The localized collapse of main structures are represented by non-linear spring elements whose moment-rotation characteristic is calculated based on Wierzbicki’s equation. The joint parts are represented by non-linear springs, which have the same moment-rotation characteristics as those of real parts to hold actual collapse characteristics. To represent force transition between structure and door, anti-sliding shells are introduced in the area of side-sill and lower part of Bpillar. Using this hybrid modeling methodology, we can get a good correlated result for full model and reduce calculation times around 80% for full FE shell model.</div></div>
A Transition-Flow Reactor Tube for Measuring Trace Gas Concentrations (1986)

Dry deposition contributes significantly to the acidification of ecosystems. However, difficulties in measuring dry deposition of reactive gases and fine particles make routine direct monitoring impractical. An alternate approach is to use the “concentration monitoring” method in which dry deposition flux is estimated as the product of measured concentration and estimated deposition velocity. A sampling system that performs over the period of 6 hours to 7 days, depending on atmospheric concentrations, has been developed. It consists of a Teflon cyclone to exclude particles larger than about 2 μm, selective solid adsorption media for reactive gases—some of which are sampled from a transition flow to avoid possible bias from particle evaporation, a particle filter, and a final gas adsorption filter to collect the remaining trace gas. The sampler Is the first reported application of transition flow mass transfer for the collection and quantitative measurement of trace atmospheric gases. Laboratory and field tests have shown that the sampler performs well for HNO3(g).
A Novel Injectable Borate Bioactive Glass Cement as an Antibiotic Delivery Vehicle for Treating Osteomyelitis (2014)

These results indicate that borate BG cement is a promising material both as an injectable carrier for vancomycin in the eradication of osteomyelitis and as an osteoconductive matrix to regenerate bone after the infection is cured.
Feature preserving smoothing of 3D surface scans (2003)

With the increasing use of geometry scanners to create 3D models, there is a rising need for effective denoising of data captured with these devices. This thesis presents new methods for smoothing scanned data, based on extensions of the bilateral filter to 3D. The bilateral filter is a non-linear, edge-preserving image filter; its extension to 3D leads to an efficient, feature preserving filter for a wide class of surface representations, including points and “polygon soups.”
Dual-layer patterned media “ledge” design for ultrahigh density magnetic recording (2008)

Patterned media elements comprising coupled magnetically hard and soft sections of different horizontal size, referred to as ledge elements, are characterized by several unique properties. These elements allow for remarkably reduced reversal fields, which are an order of magnitude below the Stoner-Wohlfarth limit. They also allow for precessional reversal to occur for practical field rise times (100–200ps), which are two orders of magnitude larger than those in the case of homogeneous elements (∼2ps). These attractive properties are obtained even for elements of small height (4–8nm). Patterned media implementing such ledge elements can allow for recording densities above 10Tbit∕in2.