gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rubus Plant Regeneration via Asexual Embryogenesis (1993)

Fig. 1. Various developmental stages of Rubus plantlets derived from asexual embryogenesis: (A) normal ‘Bristol’ embryoid; (B) ‘Jewel’ x ‘88-2’ plantlet in culture; (C) ‘Jewel’ plantlet established in the field. The objective of this study was to develop an asexual embryogenic regeneration system for Rubus, even though previous attempts had proved unsuccessful (Fiola and Swartz, 1986). In an initial experiment, fruits of fieldgrown R. occidentalis ‘Bristol’ and ‘Jewel’ and R. idaeus ‘Exp-72’ plants were collected at the early green, late-green or early yellow, and the red stages of ripeness. Seeds were extracted and disinfested in a 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and 0.5% Alconox solution for 15 min followed by two 30-sec sterile distilled water rinses. Cotyledon explants (0.5 to 1.0 mm) were excised from embryos that had been aseptically dissected from the seeds and cultured on a modified MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) containing 200 mg casein hydrolysate/liter, 3% sucrose, and 0, 0.45, or 4.5 μM (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4D). For the three stages of ripeness, we used 133, 56, and60 explants for ‘Bristol’; 143, 60, and 77 for ‘Jewel’; and 64, 166, and 60 for ‘Exp-72’, with each group divided equally among growth regulator treatments. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.7 before adding 0.25% Gelrite (Scott Laboratories, Atlanta) and autoclaving. Cultures were incubated at 24C under cool-white fluorescent illumination (70 μmol·m -2·s-1). About 70% of all ‘Bristol’ and ‘Jewel’ explants extracted from seed of late-green or early yellow fruit were highly embryogenic regardless of 2,4-D concentration. Most embryoids originated directly from explant tissue and not through callus. Repetitive embryogenesis (Tulecke and McGranahan, 1985) was common in all of these cultures. Even though the initiation of embryogenesis occurred sooner on explants cultured on media containing 2,4D, embryoids developed on such media exhibited many abnormalities, including polycotyledony, “rooty” masses, and increased anthocyanin production. Sixty-nine ‘Jewel’ and 14 ‘Bristol’ normal embryoids (parallelling
Model for Adsorption of Ligands to Colloidal Quantum Dots with Concentration-Dependent Surface Structure (2011)

A study of the adsorption equilibrium of solution-phase CdS quantum dots (QDs) and acid-derivatized viologen ligands (N-[1-heptyl],N'-[3-carboxypropyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium dihexafluorophosphate, V(2+)) reveals that the structure of the surfaces of the QDs depends on their concentration. This adsorption equilibrium is monitored through quenching of the photoluminescence of the QDs by V(2+) upon photoinduced electron transfer. When modeled with a simple Langmuir isotherm, the equilibrium constant for QD-V(2+) adsorption, K(a), increases from 6.7 × 10(5) to 8.6 × 10(6) M(-1) upon decreasing the absolute concentration of the QDs from 1.4 × 10(-6) to 5.1 × 10(-8) M. The apparent increase in K(a) upon dilution results from an increase in the mean number of available adsorption sites per QD from 1.1 (for [QD] = 1.4 × 10(-6) M) to 37 (for [QD] = 5.1 × 10(-8) M) through desorption of native ligands from the surfaces of the QDs and through disaggregation of soluble QD clusters. A new model based on the Langmuir isotherm that treats both the number of adsorbed ligands per QD and the number of available binding sites per QD as binomially distributed quantities is described. This model yields a concentration-independent value for K(a) of 8.7 × 10(5) M(-1) for the QD-V(2+) system and provides a convenient means for quantitative analysis of QD-ligand adsorption in the presence of competing surface processes.
Using syntactic dependency as local context to resolve word sense ambiguity (1997)

Most previous corpus-based algorithms disambiguate a word with a classifier trained from previous usages of the same word. Separate classifiers have to be trained for different words. We present an algorithm that uses the same knowledge sources to disambiguate different words. The algorithm does not require a sense-tagged corpus and exploits the fact that two different words are likely to have similar meanings if they occur in identical local contexts.
The Federation Architecture for Interoperable Agent-based Concurrent Engineering Systems (1994)

This paper presents an approach to the development of concurrent engineering software applications based on a knowledge sharing technology. In this approach, individual programmers write their programs in the form of separate modules called software agents, which interoperate with their peers using an expressive communication standard called Agent Communication Language. The runtime activities of the individual software agents are coordinated by task-independent programs called facilitators. Facilitators perform a wide variety of tasks, including the automated selection of agents to accomplish subtasks, the mediation of terminology, the buffering of partial knowledge in communication between agents, and the management of communication with other facilitators on other machines. Once set in operation, software agents interoperate to accomplish the overall task in a heterogeneous distributed architecture called federation. The paper discusses the major aspects of this approach and briefly describes three concurrent engineering applications developed in light of this approach.
The role of nitric oxide and other endothelium-derived vasoactive substances in vascular disease (1995)

Alteration in the release and action of endothelium-derived vasoactive factors is responsible for changes in vascular reactivity early in the course of vascular disease. These factors include nitric oxide, eicosanoids, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, endothelin, and angiotensin II. Because endothelial dysfunction occurs at early stages of disease, it may reflect physiological changes that, if allowed to become chronic, are responsible for changes in vascular structure and growth and adhesivity to platelets and leukocytes, ultimately leading to atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Each of the major risk factors predisposing to vascular disease are associated with endothelial cell dysfunction, suggesting a direct etiologic link between the effects of the risk factors on the endothelium and their propensity to accelerate vascular disease. Restoration or replacement of endothelium-derived factors such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, which impede the progression of vascular disease, or preventing the action of mediators such as vasoconstrictor eicosanoids, angiotensin II, or endothelin, which accelerate the progression of vascular disease, has become a useful paradigm in the treatment and prevention of vascular disease. Thus, understanding the physiology of endothelium-derived vasoactive factors is a necessary part of every physician's education.
Automating Visual Inspection of Lyophilized Drug Products With Multi-Input Deep Neural Networks (2019)

In the increasingly automated world of biotech manufacturing, the inspection of lyophilized drug products remains a cumbersome and manual process, relying on human operators to inspect finished vials for glass defects, contaminants, and other possible issues. Automating this procedure is challenging due to “fogging” on glass vials and low occurrence of defective samples for training decision models. In this work, we apply deep neural networks to automated classification of lyophlized product vials via computer vision. The proposed approach utilizes shared convolutional layers to account for multiple images acquired of the same vial at various rotations, and transfer learning is examined as a tool to partially overcome the lack of defective data in industrial manufacturing applications. The method is tested using a real-world industrial product as a representative case study. We find that 85-90% of defects can be detected from a single camera angle, demonstrating the potential of multi-input neural networks in lyophilized drug product inspection. Moreover, the results suggest that transfer learning enhances the generalization ability of learned models, even when using data designed for a very different task.
Crystal Defects on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Cobalt Oxide (2010)

This paper reports a new method to make crystal defects on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using the cobalt oxide as the oxidant for breaking carbon surface. The air oxidation of cobalt oxide (CoO) deposited on MWCNTs created various kinds of defects on their surface. Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) images showed clear defects such as broken crystal lines and asymmetric wall after air oxidation. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data showed that CoO on MWCNTs changed into Co3O4 after air oxidation. After removing Co3O4 from MWCNTs by acid, defective MWCNTs were obtained and showed defects of a clear trace where cobalt oxide had existed. This resulted from the reaction of air oxidation of CoO and carbon reduction of Co3O4, leading to the crystallinity defect of MWCNTs.
Composite membranes for seawater desalination by reverse osmosis (1971)

Abstract A composite reverse‐osmosis membrane has been developed for seawater desalination having a 400‐Å semipermeable barrier. The membrane is prepared by directly forming a very thin film of a polymer, generally cellulose triacetate, upon the finely porous surface of a supporting membrane. The composite membrane, capable of desalinating seawater in a single pass, has demonstrated improved flux stability at high pressures over modified membranes currently used to desalinate brackish water.
Rate distortion modeling and adaptive rate control scheme for high efficiency video coding (HEVC) (2014)

This paper explores a novel rate control scheme for HEVC, based on Pre-analysis Sum of Absolute Transformed Differences (pSATD). The needs for improving the rate control method of HEVC have been observed since the latest method proposed in JCT-VC H213 is still using the classical quadratic model which is implemented in H.264/AVC. The same rate control scheme on different coding structures will definitely lead to a poor performance. The proposed method aims at selecting accurate quantization parameters (QP) for inter frames according to the target bit rate. After encoding video sequences exhaustively, a strong linear relationship between the pSATD and bpp (bit per pixel) is revealed. Thus, a rate control scheme for HEVC with parameters updating adaptively is proposed accordingly. Apart from that, a new rate and distortion model are established using pSATD and Quantization Step Size (QStep). By minimizing the cost function built based on the proposed rate-distortion (R-D) model, the optimization problem can be solved properly. According to the optimal solution, a bit allocation scheme with consideration of pSATD and buffer status is formed. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed method outperforms JCT-VC H213 implemented in HEVC reference software for all test sequences, up to 19% coding gain can be achieved.
PREPARATION OF 1,2-DIACYLBENZENES FROM<i>o</i>-HYDROXYARYL KETONE ACYLHYDRAZONES USING CROSS-LINKED POLY[STYRENE-(IODOSO DIACETATE)] (2001)

The 2% cross-linked poly[styrene(iodoso diacetate)] was used to synthesis of 1,2-diacylbenzenes, which gave high yields, and could be recycled.
Development of Catalytic Asymmetric 1,4-Addition and [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions Using Chiral Calcium Complexes (2008)

Catalytic asymmetric 1,4-addition and [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions using chiral calcium species prepared from calcium isopropoxide and chiral bisoxazoline ligands have been developed. Glycine Schiff bases reacted with acrylic esters to afford 1,4-addition products, glutamic acid derivatives, in high yields with high enantioselectivities. During the investigation of the 1,4-addition reactions, we unexpectedly found that a [3 + 2] cycloaddition occurred in the reactions with crotonate derivatives, affording substituted pyrrolidine derivatives in high yields with high enantioselectivities. On the basis of this finding, we investigated asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloadditions, and it was revealed that several kinds of optically active substituted pyrrolidine derivatives containing contiguous stereogenic tertiary and quaternary carbon centers were obtained with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities. In addition, optically active pyrrolidine cores of hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent polymerase inhibitors and potential effective antiviral agents have been synthesized using this [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. NMR spectroscopic analysis and observation of nonamplification of enantioselectivity in nonlinear effect experiments suggested that a monomeric calcium species with an anionic ligand was formed as an active catalyst. A stepwise mechanism of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition, consisting of 1,4-addition and successive intramolecular Mannich-type reaction was suggested. Furthermore, modification of the Schiff base structure resulted in a modification of the reaction course from a [3 + 2] cycloaddition to a 1,4-addition, affording 3-substituted glutamic acid derivatives with high diasterero- and enantioselectivities.
Human Thymus Exports Naive CD8 T Cells That Can Home to Nonlymphoid Tissues (2004)

Functionally naive CD8 T cells in peripheral blood from adult humans can be fully described by their CD45RA(bright)CCR7(+)CD62L(+) cell surface phenotype. Cord blood lymphocytes, from healthy newborns, are homogenously functionally naive. Accordingly, the majority of cord blood CD8 T cells express the same pattern of cell surface molecules. Unexpectedly, however, a significant fraction of cord blood CD8 T cells express neither CCR7 nor CD62L. Yet these cells remain functionally naive as they contain high levels of TCR excision circles, have long telomeres, display highly polyclonal TCRs, and do not exhibit immediate effector functions. In addition, these CD8 T cells already represent a significant fraction of the mature naive CD8 single-positive thymocyte repertoire and may selectively express the cutaneous lymphocyte Ag. We suggest that CD8 single-positive thymocytes comprise two pools of naive precursors that exhibit distinct homing properties. Once seeded in the periphery, naive CCR7(+)CD62L(+) CD8 T cells patrol secondary lymphoid organs, whereas naive CCR7(-)CD62L(-) CD8 T cells selectively migrate to peripheral tissues such as skin.
Quantifying the Complexity of Superscalar Processors (1996)

The delay of pipeline structures in superscalar processors are studied to determine their potential for limiting clock cycle times in future designs. First, a generic superscalar pipeline is defined. Then the specific areas of register renaming, instruction window wakeup and selection logic, and operand bypassing are analyzed. Each is modeled and Spice simulated for feature sizes of 0:8 m, 0:35 m, and 0:18 m.
Mineral characterisation of tropical forage legumes. (1978)

The situation fostered by the ESCI will significantly improve the number and position of Spanish journals with impact factors in the short and medium term. Currently, their citations have already significantly influenced an increase of the impact of Spanish journals included in the Journal Citation Reports.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION OF METHYL BENZOYLFORMATE USING PLATINUM‐CARBON CATALYSTS MODIFIED WITH CINCHONIDINE (1979)

Abstract Der Brenztraubensäureester (I) wird in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln in Gegenwart des Katalysators Cinchonidin zum R‐Mandelsäureester (II) hydriert.
Combined deletion of Xrcc4 and Trp53 in mouse germinal center B cells leads to novel B cell lymphomas with clonal heterogeneity (2016)

We propose that combined NHEJ and p53 defects may serve as an underlying mechanism for a high level of genomic complexity and clonal heterogeneity in cancers.
The Amino Terminus of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Glycoprotein K Is Required for Virion Entry via the Paired Immunoglobulin-Like Type-2 Receptor Alpha (2013)

The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein K (gK)/UL20 protein complex is incorporated into virion envelopes and cellular membranes and functions during virus entry and cell-to-cell spread. To investigate the role of gK/UL20 in the context of a highly neurovirulent virus strain, the HSV-1(McKrae) genome was cloned into a bacterial artificial chromosome plasmid (McKbac) and utilized to construct the mutant virus McK(gKΔ31-68), carrying a 37-amino-acid deletion within the gK amino terminus. The McKbac virus entered efficiently into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells constitutively expressing HSV-1 human receptors, nectin-1, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), or paired immunoglobulin-like type-2 receptor alpha (PILRα). In contrast, the McK(gKΔ31-68) virus failed to enter into CHO-PILRα cells, while it entered CHO cells expressing HVEM and nectin-1 more efficiently than the McKbac virus. Both McKbac and McK(gKΔ31-68) viruses entered all CHO cells expressing HSV-1 receptors via a pH-independent pathway. The HSV-1(F) gBΔ28syn mutant virus, encoding a carboxyl-terminal truncated gB, causes extensive cell fusion. Previously, we showed that the gKΔ31-68 amino acid deletion abrogated gBΔ28syn virus-induced cell fusion, indicating that the amino terminus of gK is required for gB-mediated virus-induced cell fusion (V. N. Chouljenko, A. V. Iyer, S. Chowdhury, D. V. Chouljenko, and K. G. J. Kousoulas, Virology 83:12301-12313, 2009). Surprisingly, the gKΔ31-68/gBΔ28syn virus caused extensive fusion of CHO-nectin-1 cells but limited cell fusion of CHO-PILRα cells. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that both gK and PILRα bound gB in infected cells. Collectively, these results indicate that the amino terminus of gK is functionally and physically associated with the gB-PILRα protein complex and regulates membrane fusion of the viral envelope with cellular membranes during virus entry as well as virus-induced cell-to-cell fusion.
Epidemiology of Respiratory Viral Infection in 2004-2006 (2006)

The epidemiological characteristics of respiratory virus infections in Seoul and the neighboring areas in 2004-2006, were similar to the findings of previous reports except for some minor changes. These findings could be useful to clinicians in managing their patients.
Nucleotide sequence of barley yellow mosaic virus RNA 2 (1991)

The sequence of the 3585 nucleotides [excluding the 3' poly(A) tail] of barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) RNA 2 was obtained by analysis of cDNA clones and by direct RNA sequencing. The first initiation codon at nucleotide 155 was followed by a single long open reading frame encoding a protein of 890 amino acids with an Mr of 98,458. Amino acid sequence comparisons indicated that the BaYMV 98K protein contains a region similar to the C-terminal proteinase domain of the potyvirus helper component (HC) protein towards its N terminus, but that it has no sequences that resemble the N-terminal part of the HC protein or other proteins of potyviruses. The data reveal striking differences in genetic organization between BaYMV RNA 2 and the 5'-terminal region of the potyvirus genome, despite a close genetic relationship between BaYMV RNA 1 and the rest of the potyvirus genome.
A Durable Flame Retardant Finish for Cotton Based On Thpc and Urea (1974)

Sodium phosphate salts catalyzed the reaction of THPC with urea. Cotton textiles treated with a solution containing 26.6% THPC, 8.4% urea, 4% dibasic sodium phosphate and sufficient NaOH to adjust the pH to 6, dried 85°C and cured at 160°C for 1 to 2 minutes passed the DOC FF 3-71 flame test after 50 laundry cycles. The samples retained 90 and 65-70% of their breaking and tearing strength respectively without the use of softeners
Cytotoxic Sesquiterpene Lactones from Carpesium abrotanoides (2002)

Eight sesquiterpene lactones, 4 alpha,5 alpha-epoxy-10 alpha,14-dihydro-inuviscolide (1), 2,3-dihydroaromomaticin (2), carpesiolin (3), carabrone (4), carabrol (5), telekin (6), ivalin (7) and 11,13-didehydroivaxillin (8), were isolated from the aerial parts of Carpesium abrotanoides Linne (Compositae). In vitro cytotoxicity testing was carried out against L1210, A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF-498 and HCT-15 tumor cell lines. Sesquiterpene lactone compounds 1 - 8 showed significant cytotoxic activity (ED50 values, < 20 microM) against all tumor call lines tested. Among these compounds, 4 alpha,5 alpha-epoxy-10 alpha,14-dihydro-inuviscolide (1), 2,3-dihydroaromomaticin (2), telekin (6) and ivalin (7) showed cytotoxic activity (ED50, < 10 microM) comparable to that of cisplatin.
Hermeneutik der Überlappung jenseits der Identität und Differenz (2013)

Die grundlegende These des Artikels lautet, dass weder eine totale Identität, noch eine radikale Differenz für das Verstehen oder die Kommunikation zwischen Kulturen, Philosophien etc. wesentlich ist. Identität und Differenz sind zentrale Fragen der Philosophie. Der Artikel schlägt eine Vermittlung der konträren Ansätze vor, indem die Logik der Überlappung jenseits einer Logik der Identität und Differenz eingeführt wird. Diese These untermauernd, wird das Konzept einer überlappenden Hermeneutik vorgestellt, die sowohl Wittgensteins These der Familienähnlichkeit als auch die Polyperspektivität der indischen Schule der Jaina Philosophie zum Vorbild hat. In einem zweiten Schritt wird das Konzept der analogischen Hermeneutik vorgestellt, das weder Identität noch Differenz beinhaltet, und somit eine unerlässliche Rolle für Kompromisse jenseits des totalen Konsens und der radikalen Differenz spielt. Eine solche Hermeneutik unterliegt der Überzeugung, dass der Wunsch zu verstehen und der Wunsch, verstanden zu werden, Hand in Hand gehen, und die zwei Seiten einer hermeneutischen Medaille repräsentieren. Die Frage lautet nicht, wie man Differenzen beseitigen kann, sondern wie man damit umgehen lernt. Am Ende werden abschließend tentative Imperative im Sinne einer interkulturell orientierten Philosophie formuliert.
Large-scale preparation of highly conductive three dimensional graphene and its applications in CdTe solar cells (2011)

High-yield three dimensional (3D) graphene networks were prepared on Ni foams by ambient pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD). The layer number of graphene can be tuned by changing the gas flow ratio and growth time. The assembled films from the vacuum filtration of the 3D graphene possessed excellent electrical transport properties (Rs ∼ 0.45 Ω/sq, σ ∼ 600 S cm−1), superior to the reported graphene and carbon nanotube films. Highly conductive films as back electrodes of CdTe solar cells significantly improved the photovoltaic efficiency (9.1%).