gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WattsUpDoc: power side channels to nonintrusively discover untargeted malware on embedded medical devices (2013)

Medical devices based on embedded systems are ubiq-uitous in clinical settings. Increasingly, they connect to networks and run off-the-shelf operating systems vulnerable to malware. But strict validation require-ments make it prohibitively difficult or costly to use anti-virus software or automated operating system up-dates on these systems. Our add-on monitoring system, WattsUpDoc, uses a traditionally undesirable side chan-nel of power consumption to enable run-time malware detection. In our experiments, WattsUpDoc detected pre-viously known malware with at least 94 % accuracy and previously unknown malware with at least 85 % accu-racy on several embedded devices—detection rates sim-ilar to those of conventional malware-detection systems on PCs. WattsUpDoc detects malware without requiring hardware or software modifications or network commu-nication. 1
Liquid-Feed Flame Spray Pyrolysis of Metalloorganic and Inorganic Alumina Sources in the Production of Nanoalumina Powders (2003)

Liquid-feed flame spray pyrolysis (LFFSP) of metalloorganic [N(CH2CH2O)3Al, alumatrane, and Al(Acac)3] and inorganic alumina [AlCl3 and Al(NO3)3·9H2O] precursors dissolved in 1:1 ethanol/THF, aerosolized with O2 and ignited can produce quite different alumina nanopowders during the ensuing combustion process. The metalloorganics appear to volatilize and combust easily to give nano-alumina, with particle sizes <20 nm and corresponding surface areas of ≈60 m2/g at rates of 50 g/h. In contrast, the nitrate appears to melt during combustion rather than volatilize, forming large, hollow particles typical of a spray pyrolysis process with particle sizes >70 nm and surface areas of ≈12 m2/g. AlCl3 appears to volatilize easily but does not hydrolyze rapidly in the flame leading to mixtures of alumina and recovered AlCl3. The resulting nanopowders consist of a mixture of transition alumina phases, primarily δ*, that could only be successfully identified and quantified by Rietveld refinement. Because the δ phase is not typically made as a high-surface-area material or in large quantities, it offers the opportunity to serve as a novel catalyst support. On heating to 1000 °C, the dominant phase becomes θ-Al2O3 that was clearly identified by 27Al MAS NMR using ab initio calculations of the 27Al NMR parameters derived from the X-ray structure. At present, the exact mechanism(s) whereby particles nucleate and grow, and phases form from the species generated during combustion, remains unknown.
Observation of spinodal phase separation and quantum dot formation in InGaAs/GaAs layers grown at down-ramped growth temperatures (2002)

We observed spinodal phase separation in In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As layers grown on GaAs substrates at decreasing growth temperatures. The phase separation results in quantum-wire like structures for high In content (x=0.2) and low rates of temperature decrease (0.1/spl deg/C/s). With faster rates of temperature decrease (0.3/spl deg/C/s) and a decreased In content (x/spl ap/0.03) formation of island-like structures is observed. The islands show photoluminescence emission of high intensity and comparatively narrow linewidth (/spl ap/30 meV). Calorimetric absorption spectroscopy (CAS) was carried out at T=500 mK, where particularly high sensitivity is realised, in order to confirm confinement of carriers in these structures.
Bacterial/CpG DNA Down-Modulates Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Surface Expression on Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages with Concomitant Growth Arrest and Factor-Independent Survival (1999)

Unmethylated CpG motifs within bacterial DNA constitute a pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognized by the innate immune system. Many of the immunomodulatory functions of bacterial DNA can be ascribed to the ability to activate macrophages and dendritic cells. Here we show stimulatory DNA, like LPS, caused growth arrest of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages proliferating in CSF-1. Stimulatory DNA caused selective down-modulation of CSF-1 receptor surface expression. Flow cytometric analysis of CSF-1-deprived bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed that in contrast to the synchronous reduction of CSF-1 receptor upon CSF-1 addition, activating DNA (both bacterial DNA and CpG-containing oligonucleotide) caused rapid removal of receptor from individual cells leading to a bimodal distribution of surface expression at intermediate times or submaximal doses of stimulus. Despite causing growth arrest, both stimulatory DNA and LPS promoted factor-independent survival of bone marrow-derived macrophages, which was associated with phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family members, extracellular-regulated kinase 1 and 2. CSF-1 receptor down-modulation may polarize the professional APC compartment to the more immunostimulatory dendritic cell-like phenotype by suppressing terminal macrophage differentiation mediated by CSF-1.
Age-Specific Levels for Basal Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Assessment of Ovarian Function (2007)

These results suggest that, within generally accepted normal baseline FSH values, women with baseline FSH above the 95% confidence limits for age produce fewer oocytes in response to normal ovulation induction protocols compared with other women their age.
Large Diurnal Fluctuations in Intraocular Pressure Are an Independent Risk Factor in Patients With Glaucoma (2000)

In patients with glaucoma with office IOP in the normal range, large fluctuations in diurnal IOP are a significant risk factor, independent of parameters obtained in the office. Fluctuations in IOP may be important in managing patients with glaucoma. Development of methods to control fluctuations in IOP may be warranted.
Representing and Visualizing Text as Ontologies: A Case from the Patent Domain. (2015)

This paper presents preliminary results on a framework for the representation and visualization of text as OWL ontologies under an open-domain paradigm, where no a priori schema for the facts to be extracted is available. The extracted ontology is visually represented as a specifically tailored node-link diagram. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated on a use case from the patent domain.
Overexpression of wild-type p53 interferes with normal development in Xenopus laevis embryos. (1994)

We have cloned and sequenced a Xenopus p53 homologue which differs by one amino acid deletion from a previously published Xenopus sequence (Soussi et al., 1987). Transcription analysis revealed that this gene is activated during early oogenesis and that zygotic transcription initiates after midblastula transition. Transcripts are also present in all tested tissues of adult animals. Whole mount in situ hybridization with Xenopus oocytes and embryos revealed, that transcripts are ubiquitously distributed although some accumulation is observed in certain tissues. Microinjection of p53 mRNA into early cleavage stages effectively resulted in overexpression of p53 protein and interfered with normal development. Lethal defects until and during gastrulation and aberrant phenotypes of surviving embryos were probably caused by cleavage arrest or cleavage delay of injected cells with subsequent distortions of cell movements, induction processes and tissue differentiations.
<b>Transformation of Serine to Cysteine. β-Elimination Reactions in Serine Derivatives</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransformation of Serine to Cysteine. β-Elimination Reactions in Serine DerivativesIphigenia. PhotakiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 8, 1123–1126Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00891a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00891a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views755Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cytotoxicity Mediated by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Cancer Cells: Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Implications (2009)

Aberrant expression of epigenetic regulators of gene expression contributes to initiation and progression of cancer. During recent years, considerable research efforts have focused on the role of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) in cancer cells, and the identification of pharmacologic agents that modulate gene expression via inhibition of HDACs. The following review highlights recent studies pertaining to HDAC expression in cancer cells, the plieotropic mechanisms by which HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) mediate antitumor activity, and the potential clinical implications of HDAC inhibition as a strategy for cancer therapy.
Patterned Triply Periodic Polyhedra (2012)

This paper discusses repeating patterns on infinite skew polyhedra, which are triply periodic polyhedra. We exhibit patterns on each of the three regular skew polyhedra. These patterns are each related to corresponding repeating patterns in the hyperbolic plane. This correspondence will be explained in the paper. 1.
34 LIFESPAN AND CHROMOSOMAL STABILITY OF BOVINE AND PORCINE FETAL FIBROBLAST CELLS CULTURED IN VITRO (2004)

The low efficiency of nuclear transfer (NT) has been related to factors such as mitochondria heteroplasmy, failure of genomic activation, and asynchrony between the donor karyoplast and recipient cytoplast. Few studies have characterized donor cell lines in terms of proliferative capacity and chromosomal stability. It is known that suboptimal culture conditions can induce chromosomal abnormalities, and the use of aneuploid donor cells during NT can lead to a high incidence of abnormal cloned embryos (Giraldo et al. 2004 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 16, 124 abst). The purpose of this study was to determine the lifespan and chromosomal stability of bovine and porcine fetal cells. Four bovine and four porcine fibroblast cells lines were established from 50-day and 40-day fetuses, respectively. Cells were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin and streptomycin at 37°C in 5% CO2. Each cell line was passaged to senescence. Total population doublings (PDs) and cell cycle duration were calculated. To determine the chromosome numbers at different PDs, cells were synchronized in metaphase, fixed, and stained. ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to analyze differences in PDs and proportion of aneuploid cells between cell lines, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). The results show that proliferative capacity was not different between cell lines derived from the same species. Cell lines derived from bovine and porcine fetuses had different in vitro lifespans (33 PDs vs. 42 PDs, respectively; P &lt; 0.05). The mean length of the cell cycles for both bovine and porcine fetal fibroblasts was ~28 h. The percentage of aneupliod cells in both bovine and porcine fetal cell lines increased progressively with duration of culture (see Table) and was high throughout the study. The proliferative capacity of cultured cells was similar within individuals of the same species, but growth characteristics differed between fetal bovine and porcine cell lines. The progressive increase of aneuploid cells could be due to suboptimal culture conditions or unusual chromosome instability in the particular fetuses used. These data demonstrate the importance of determining chromosome content and the use of cells at early passages to decrease the percentage of aneuploid reconstructed embryos and increase the efficiency of NT.
THE EVERNINOMICINS. BIOSYNTHETIC STUDIES (1970)

The biosynthetic pathways involved in the formation of four everninomicin antibiotics were studied. Carbon-14 labelled substrates added to liquid cultures of Micromonospora carbonacea var. aurantiaca revealed that acetate, malonate and glucose were good precursors. Degradation of the antibiotics revealed the primary importance of acetate and malonate for the synthesis of the dichloroisoeverninic acid, an aromatic moiety common to all of the four everninomicins studied, thus indicating its relationship to the biosynthesis of orsellinic acid. The incorporation of the methyl group of methionine into the methoxy group of dichloroisoeverninic acid could also be demonstrated. The remainder of the everninomicin molecule is apparently derived principally from glucose.
Redundant-Digit Floating-Point Addition Scheme Based on a Stored Rounding Value (2009)

Due to the widespread use and inherent complexity of floating-point addition, much effort has been devoted to its speedup via algorithmic and circuit techniques. We propose a new redundant-digit representation for floating-point numbers that leads to computation speedup in two ways: (1) Reducing the per-operation latency when multiple floating-point additions are performed before result conversion to nonredundant format and (2) Removing the addition associated with rounding. While the first of these advantages is offered by other redundant representations, the second one is unique to our approach, which replaces the power- and area-intensive rounding addition by low-latency insertion of a rounding two-valued digit, or twit, in a position normally assigned to a redundant twit within the redundant-digit format. Instead of conventional sign-magnitude representation, we use a sign-embedded encoding that leads to lower hardware redundancy, and thus, reduced power dissipation. While our intermediate redundant representations remain incompatible with the IEEE 754-2008 standard, many application-specific systems, such as those in DSP and graphics domains, can benefit from our designs. Description of our radix-16 redundant representation and its addition algorithm is followed by the architecture of a floating-point adder based on this representation. Detailed circuit designs are provided for many of the adder's critical subfunctions. Simulation and synthesis based on a 0.13 ¿m CMOS standard process show a latency reduction of 15 percent or better, and both area and power savings of around 58 percent, compared with the best designs reported in the literature.
Parallel methods for synthesizing whole-hand grasps from generalized prototypes (1994)

Robotic hands are very flexible mechanisms. Because of this flexibility, it has been difficult to automate the process of acquiring objects using these robotic hands. Each new grasping problem is too complex to analyze without the use of good heuristics. Constraints due to target object geometry, environment geometry, hand kinematics and geometry, and a task description must all be considered when forming a solution. One tempting
Characterization of Ca2+ and K+ currents in the human Jurkat T cell line: effects of phytohaemagglutinin. (1989)

1. Inward and outward currents were recorded in the human Jurkat T cell line using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. 2. The transient outward current was activated at membrane potentials positive to -60 mV. The activation time constant-voltage relationship decreased from 17 ms to 2 ms for membrane potentials ranging from -40 to +40 mV. The inactivation phase could be fitted by a single-exponential function and the inactivation time constant decreased from 250 ms to 150 ms for membrane potentials ranging from -20 to +100 mV. 3. The steady-state inactivation-voltage relationship showed a mid-point potential of -32 +/- 2.6 mV, and the slope factor was 10.8 +/- 1.8 mv (n = 3). 4. The calcium ionophore A23187 provoked a decrease in the amplitude of the outward current, suggesting a dependence of this current on the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+. 5. The K+ outward current was blocked by tetraethylammonium (TEA, Michaelis-Menten constant (Km), 6 mM) and by the calcium channel blockers Ni2+, Co2+, Mn2+ and Cd2+. 6. Forty per cent (n = 120) of the patched Jurkat cells displayed an inward current. In a physiological medium containing Ca2+ (2.2 mM), the inward current threshold voltage was -60 mV, the maximum current was observed at -40 mV and the zero current voltage was positive to +20 mV. At negative membrane potentials, the time required to reach 50% of the maximum amplitude was 60 ms and grew shorter with increasing depolarization, reaching a value of 5 ms at -5 mV. The inactivation of the inward current was very slow and the time constant varied from 1200 ms at -35 mV to approximately 250 ms for potentials positive to -10 mV. 7. The current availability had a value of one for potentials negative to -50 mV and zero for potentials positive to -15 mV. The mid-point potential was -31 +/- 3.4 mV and the slope factor was 3.3 +/- 0.2 mV (n = 3). 8. The inward channels were permeable to Sr2+, but were blocked by classical Ca2+ channel inhibitors such as Co2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+. 9. Phaseolus vulgaris phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), an inducer of interleukin-2 production in Jurkat cells, increased the inward current amplitude by 32 +/- 20% (n = 4). This increase was concomitant with a decrease (45 +/- 12%) in the amplitude of the outward current, but only when the current was carried by Ca2+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Phase noise performance of analog frequency dividers (1990)

The phase noise performance obtainable using silicon and GaAs-based TTL (transistor-transistor logic) and ECL (emitter-coupled logic) logic level digital frequency dividers is discussed. Measurement of the spectral performance of two types of analog dividers is reported: a parametric divider using varactor diodes and a regenerative-type divider incorporating a double-balanced mixer in the oscillator feedback circuit. Both dividers were configured for divide-by-two operation at VHF. Evaluation indicates the regenerative divider is capable of providing much lower phase noise than conventional digital logic level devices. The regenerative divider can be successfully operated over bandwidths in excess of an octave, and the design lends itself to small (i.e. TO-8) modular package implementation. Operating frequencies are bounded only by the range of the mixer and RF amplifier utilized and, as such, should extend from HF through microwave.
Halogen bonding anion recognition (2016)

A halogen bond is an attractive non-covalent interaction between an electrophilic region in a covalently bonded halogen atom and a Lewis base. While these interactions have long been exploited as a tool in crystal engineering their powerful ability to direct supramolecular self-assembly and molecular recognition processes in solution has, until recently, been overlooked. During the last decade however an ever-increasing number of studies on solution-phase halogen-bond-mediated anion recognition processes has emerged. This Feature Article summarises advancements which have been made thus far in this rapidly developing research area. We survey the use of iodoperfluoroarene, haloimidazolium and halotriazole/triazolium halogen-bond-donor motifs in anion receptor design, before providing an account of our research into the application of mechanically interlocked rotaxane and catenane frameworks as halogen bonding anion host systems.
Regulation of L-type Calcium Channels in Pituitary GH4C1 Cells by Depolarization (2001)

The neurosecretory anterior pituitary GH(4)C(1) cells exhibit the high voltage-activated dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type and the low voltage-activated T-type calcium currents. The activity of L-type calcium channels is tightly coupled to secretion of prolactin and other hormones in these cells. Depolarization induced by elevated extracellular K(+) reduces the dihydropyridine (+)-[(3)H]PN200-110 binding site density and (45)Ca(2+) uptake in these cells (). This study presents a functional analysis by electrophysiological techniques of short term regulation of L-type Ca(2+) channels in GH(4)C(1) cells by membrane depolarization. Depolarization of GH(4)C(1) cells by 50 mm K(+) rapidly reduced the barium currents through L-type calcium channels by approximately 70% and shifted the voltage dependence of activation by 10 mV to more depolarized potentials. Down-regulation depended on the strength of the depolarizing stimuli and was reversible. The currents recovered to near control levels on repolarization. Down-regulation of the calcium channel currents was calcium-dependent but may not have been due to excessive accumulation of intracellular calcium. Membrane depolarization by voltage clamping and by veratridine also produced a down-regulation of calcium channel currents. The down-regulation of the currents had an autocrine component. This study reveals a calcium-dependent down-regulation of the L-type calcium channel currents by depolarization.
An Automatic Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter (1969)

A cloud condensation nuclei counter has been developed in which the concentration of water droplets which form on cloud condensation nuclei in a large thermal diffusion chamber is determined electronically by measuring the light scattering coefficient of the cloud. The counter operates completely automatically and may be used to determine the concentration of cloud condensation nuclei in the air (active at a given supersaturation) at any desired interval of time down to a minimum of about 2 min. The counts obtained by this method are in good agreement with direct visual counting of droplets in the thermal diffusion chamber.
Centrifugal Separators Used for Oilfield Multi-Phase Separation (2008)

The development of centrifugal separators used for oilfield multi-phase separation is introduced. The structural types and functional principles of the separators, which include static, adjustable, rotary and dynamic hydrocyclones, spiral separator, gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone, and spiral tube separator, etc., are described. The main characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, separating effect of the separators are analyzed respectively. The application condition of each type is introduced as well. The research state-of-the-art of the separators and some of their applications are also described. The right way for selecting an efficient separator is based on the actual operating condition in order to obtain satisfactory treating result. This paper would be beneficial for the selection, design, and application of different separators in oilfields, especially for offshore applications.