gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restriction fragment differences between the genomes of the Oka varicella vaccine virus and american wild‐type varicella‐zoster virus (1989)

The Oka vaccine strains of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) have a significantly different BgII DNA restriction pattern from that of American wild-type isolates of VZV. This difference consists primarily of an additional BgII site, which lies within the BamHI "D" fragment. In conjunction with a study of the efficacy of an experimental Merck/Oka VZV vaccine, the area of the genome from which the most marked restriction pattern alteration arises was studied more closely to determine if there are other significant differences between the Oka strains and American wild-type strains. BamHI "D" fragments from the DNA of the Oka parent strain (the progenitor of the vaccine strain), the RIT/Oka vaccine strain (a derivative of the Oka parent strain), the Merck/Oka vaccine strain, and the EF strain (an American wild type), were submitted to extensive endonuclease digestion studies to ascertain if additional unique restriction sites are present in the Oka parent or vaccine strains. The extra BgII restriction site characteristic of the Merck/Oka vaccine strain is also present in the DNA of the parent virus as well as its derivatives and was therefore not produced by the "attenuation" process. No other novel sites were found in the Oka parent or Oka-derived strains in this section of the genome. The Merck/Oka vaccine strain of VZV, despite its Japanese origin, is therefore quite similar to circulating American varicella-zoster virus strains. Varicella-zoster virus DNA, at least in the area of the BamHI D fragment, also appears to be remarkably stable from strain to strain.
Identification of Methyl<i>β</i>-Glucopyranoside and Xylose as Soluble Sugar Constituents in Roses (<i>Rosa hybrida</i>L.) (1997)

Two unidentified sugars were isolated from rose petals using HPLC. The isolated compounds were identified as methyl β-glucopyranoside and xylose using (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, and GC-MS. Methyl β-glucopyranoside and xylose were distributed in three cultivars tested relatively in large amounts. These results indicate that methyl β-glucopyranoside and xylose occur universally as soluble sugar constituents in roses.
Isolation,identification and degradation characteristics of two nonionic surfactant-degrading bacteria. (2008)

Two nonionic surfactant-degrading bacteria designated as T-1 and B-2 were isolated from the surfactant- polluted water by repeated subculture in liquid medium with Triton X-100 and Brij-35 as the sole carbon and energy source respectively. Strain T-1 and B-2 were identified as Ochrobactrum sp. and Burkholderia, according to their characteristics, shapes, physiochemical and the analyse of the phylogenetical analyses of 16S rDNA sequence. A significant positive relationship was found between bacterial growth and concentration of nonionic surfactant degradation. In a mineral salts medium with 50~100 mg/L nonionic surfactant, the highest degradation of Triton X-100 was obtained after 60 h, but that of Brij-35 was obtained only need 36h. When the concentration of nonionic surfactant at 200~1500 mg/L, the degradation rates of Triton X-100 was higher than Brij-35 after 72 h. The optimal pH value and temperature for T-1 growth were 6~8 and 25℃, B-2 were 7 and 30℃ respectively. The two strains were able to use a broad of nitrogen sources. Zn2+, Ca2+, Al3+, Fe3+ could inhibit the growth of the strains and biodegradation of Triton X-100 and Brij-35 slightly, but Cu2+ had inhibitory effect.
Laser ablation of dyed acrylic bone cement (1997)

Revision surgery of cemented implants is indicated when mechanical failure causes severe pain and/or loss of function for the patient. Successful revision arthroplasty of cemented implants requires complete removal of the existing cement. Removal of old cement is an arduous task often causing damage to the surrounding bone tissue. In this study, the authors investigate the use of an Argon laser and the addition of dyes to enhance the laser ablation of bone cement. Methylene blue and red dye #13 were each added separately to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement powder. A continuous wave Argon ion laser (lambda = 514 nm) was used for cement ablation. Cement samples were ablated at different power levels (1.5, 2.3, and 3.0 W) and exposure times (30, 60, 90, 120 sec). The results show that the Argon laser was unable to ablate undyed PMMA. However, the addition of either methylene blue or red dye #13 greatly improved cement ablation by altering the cements' absorption characteristics. Results of Student's t-tests show a statistical difference between red and blue dyed PMMA mean ablation areas at all energy levels tested (P < .0002). As expected, all red ablation areas were greater than blue ablation areas at each energy level tested since red dye absorbs more energy at 514 nm than methylene blue dye. The results of this study suggest that by selectively altering the absorption characteristics of PMMA, laser removal of bone cement can be achieved. In addition, this study also shows that bone tissue does not absorb visible light energy at 514 nm, suggesting that bone cement may be removed with minimal damage to the surrounding bone tissue.
A 60nm WiFi/BT/GPS/FM combo connectivity SOC with integrated power amplifiers, virtual SP3T switch, and merged WiFi-BT transceiver (2013)

A highly integrated WiFi/BT/FM/GPS connectivity combo SOC is implemented in a 60nm CMOS process. This work presents the proposed WiFi/BT merged RF transceiver, a virtual SP3T switch, and DPD algorithm to save chip area, reduce BOM and enhance performance simultaneously. The WiFi/BT/FM/GPS RF transceiver areas are 1.7/1.3/0.8/1.0mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively. The measured WiFi 11g 54Mbps RX sensitivity is -78dBm and Pout is 20dBm with EVM of -28dB. The measured BT GMSK RX sensitivity is -94dBm and Pout is 10dBm. FM sensitivity is -110dBm and GPS cold/hot-start TTFF sensitivity is -148/-163dBm.
ANESTESI PADA PASIEN HIV (2017)

ABSTRAK Infeksi Human  Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dan  Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) adalah masalah utama dari kesehatan global.  Menurut UNAIDS, salah satu bagian dari W HO yang  mengurus tentang AIDS menyebutkan bahwa perkiraan jumlah penderita yang  terinfeksi HIV/AIDS di seluruh dunia sampai dengan akhir tahun  2010  mencapai 34 juta,3,4di Indonesia, jumlah penderita HIV/AIDS terus meningkat dari tahun  ke tahun. Hal ini tentu juga berdampak pada peningkatan pasien terinveksi HIV AIDS yang harus menjalani prosedur operasi dan  pembiusan. Tidak ada  kontraindikasi mutlak dilakukannya regional anestesi maupun general anestesi pada pasien terinfeksi HIV AIDS yang sedang menjalani terapi  antitretroviral  virus  apapun regimennya,  namun para   anestesiolog ist  mutlak malakukan assesment secara menyeluruh pada pasien dan  mengetahui kemungkinan terjadinya interaksi obat-obatan yang  digunakan pasien dengan obat-obat anestesi yang akan  dipakai.
On Computation of Error Locations and Values in Hermitian Codes (2007)

We obtain a technique to reduce the computational complexity associated with decoding of Hermitian codes. In particular, we propose a method to compute the error locations and values using an uni-variate error locator and an uni-variate error evaluator polynomial. To achieve this, we introduce the notion of Semi-Erasure Decoding of Hermitian codes and prove that decoding of Hermitian codes can always be performed using semi-erasure decoding. The central results are: * Searching for error locations require evaluating an univariate error locator polynomial over $q^2$ points as in Chien search for Reed-Solomon codes. * Forney's formula for error value computation in Reed-Solomon codes can directly be applied to compute the error values in Hermitian codes. The approach develops from the idea that transmitting a modified form of the information may be more efficient that the information itself.
Different Roles of the Three Loops Forming the Adhesive Interface of Nectin-4 in Measles Virus Binding and Cell Entry, Nectin-4 Homodimerization, and Heterodimerization with Nectin-1 (2014)

Different viruses utilize nectins as receptors. Nectins are immunoglobulin superfamily glycoproteins that mediate cell-cell adhesion in vertebrate tissues. They interact through an adhesive interface located at the top of their membrane-distal domain. How viruses utilize the three loops forming this interface has remained unclear. We demonstrate that while nectin-nectin interactions require residues in all three loops, the association of nectin-4 with the measles virus hemagglutinin requires only the BC and FG loops. However, we discovered that residues in the C'C" loop modulate the dissociation of nectin-4 from the viral hemagglutinin. Analogous mechanisms may support cell entry of other viruses that utilize nectins or other cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily as receptors.
Epidermal Growth Factor Stimulates RSK2 Activation through Activation of the MEK/ERK Pathway and Src-dependent Tyrosine Phosphorylation of RSK2 at Tyr-529 (2007)

The Ser/Thr kinase ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) has been demonstrated to phosphorylate transcription factor CREB (cyclic AMP-responsive-binding protein) and histone H3 in response to mitogenic stimulation by epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF activates the MEK/ERK pathway to activate RSK2. We recently reported that receptor tyrosine kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) directly tyrosine phosphorylates RSK2 at Tyr-529, which consequently regulates RSK2 activation by facilitating inactive ERK binding to RSK2 that is required for ERK-dependent phosphorylation and activation of RSK2 (Kang, S., Dong, S., Gu, T. L., Guo, A., Cohen, M. S., Lonial, S., Khoury, H. J., Fabbro, D., Gilliland, D. G., Bergsagel, P. L., Taunton, J., Polakiewicz, R. D., and Chen, J. (2007) Cancer Cell 12, 201-214). Here we report that upon treatment of EGF, RSK2 was tyrosine-phosphorylated at Tyr-529 and activated in 293T and COS7 cells that do not express FGFR3. In contrast to FGFR3, the receptor tyrosine kinase EGF receptor did not directly phosphorylate RSK2 at Tyr-529 in an in vitro kinase assay using recombinant RSK2 and active EGF receptor or FGFR3. By mass spectroscopy-based studies, we identified Src tyrosine kinase family members Src and Fyn as upstream kinases of RSK2 Tyr-529. Treatment of Src inhibitor PP2 effectively attenuated EGF-dependent activation and Tyr-529 phosphorylation of RSK2, suggesting that Src family members are the kinases that phosphorylate RSK2 at Tyr-529 in response to EGF. Src and Fyn were able to directly phosphorylate RSK2 at Tyr-529 in the in vitro kinase assay. In vitro reconstitution of Tyr-529 phosphorylation by Src in glutathione S-transferase-tagged RSK2 enhanced inactive ERK binding to RSK2 wild type, but not the Y529F mutant. Together, our findings suggest that Src-dependent phosphorylation at Tyr-529 facilitates inactive ERK binding to RSK2, which might be a general requirement for RSK2 activation by EGF through the MEK/ERK pathway.
WAVE INTERACTIONS IN SATURABLE ABSORBERS (1967)

The interaction between waves in an idealized saturable absorber is discussed. It is shown that the presence of a strong wave will cause the line to appear to be ``hole-burned'' when probed by a second wave, even though the broadening mechanisms are conventionally homogeneous. This effect would be expected to work against the tendency of dye-switched ruby lasers to operate in a single mode. Related effects should play a role in optical pulse generators and in other devices using saturable absorbers.
A distributed approach for graph-oriented multidimensional analysis (2013)

The importance of graphs as the fundamental structure underpinning many real world applications is no longer to be proved. Large graphs have emerged in various fields such as biological, social and transportation networks. The sheer volume of these networks poses challenges to traditional techniques for storage and analysis of graph data. In particular, OLAP analysis requires access to large portions of data to extract key information and to feed strategic decision making. OLAP provides multilevel, multiperspective views of the data. Most of the current techniques are optimized for centralized graph processing. A distributed approach providing horizontal scalability is required in order to handle the analysis workload. In this paper, we focus on applying OLAP analysis on large, distributed graph data. We describe Distributed Graph Cube, our distributed framework for graph-based OLAP cubes computation and aggregation. Experimental results on large, real-world datasets demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms its centralized counterparts. We also evaluate the performance of both Hadoop and Spark for distributed cubes computations.
Concept-Based Information Retrieval Using Explicit Semantic Analysis (2011)

Information retrieval systems traditionally rely on textual keywords to index and retrieve documents. Keyword-based retrieval may return inaccurate and incomplete results when different keywords are used to describe the same concept in the documents and in the queries. Furthermore, the relationship between these related keywords may be semantic rather than syntactic, and capturing it thus requires access to comprehensive human world knowledge. Concept-based retrieval methods have attempted to tackle these difficulties by using manually built thesauri, by relying on term cooccurrence data, or by extracting latent word relationships and concepts from a corpus. In this article we introduce a new concept-based retrieval approach based on Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA), a recently proposed method that augments keyword-based text representation with concept-based features, automatically extracted from massive human knowledge repositories such as Wikipedia. Our approach generates new text features automatically, and we have found that high-quality feature selection becomes crucial in this setting to make the retrieval more focused. However, due to the lack of labeled data, traditional feature selection methods cannot be used, hence we propose new methods that use self-generated labeled training data. The resulting system is evaluated on several TREC datasets, showing superior performance over previous state-of-the-art results.
PEComa: what do we know so far? (2005)

PEComas (tumours showing perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation) are a family of related mesenchymal neoplasms that include angiomyolipoma, lymphangiomyomatosis, clear cell "sugar" tumour of the lung, and a group of rare, morphologically and immunophenotypically similar lesions arising at a variety of visceral and soft tissue sites. These tumours all share a distinctive cell type, the perivascular epithelioid cell or "PEC' (which has no known normal tissue counterpart). PEComas show a marked female predominance and are composed of nests and sheets of usually epithelioid but occasionally spindled cells with clear to granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and a focal association with blood vessel walls. PEComas appear to arise most commonly at visceral (especially gastrointestinal and uterine), retroperitoneal, and abdominopelvic sites, with a subset occurring in somatic soft tissue and skin. Nearly all PEComas show immunoreactivity for both melanocytic (HMB-45 and/or melan-A) and smooth muscle (actin and/or desmin) markers. A subset of PEComas behave in a malignant fashion. This review examines the members of the PEComa family, with an emphasis on lesions arising outside of the kidney, lung and liver, and discusses preliminary evidence for pathological features that might predict malignant behaviour.
Inorganic Nanocrystals And Their Applications In Hybrid 0D:2D Material Optoelectronics (2018)

Functional nanomaterials have garnered great interest as candidates for use in next-generational optoelectronics such as solar photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, and photodetectors. Among these low-dimensional materials, hybrid devices employing both 0D and 2D materials are of interest due to exploitation of the favorable characteristics of each component, and performances superior to standalone counterparts are achievable. This thesis is divided into two parts, as follows. The first two chapters will introduce lowdimensional materials and their favorable characteristics; our work on the formation of ligand-exchanged nanocrystal thin films purified by gel-permeation chromatography will also be discussed. In the second component, the formation and study of two hybrid nanocrystal/epitaxial graphene optoelectronic devices will be presented. My work on a standalone epitaxial graphene/silicon carbide ultraviolet photodetector will also be described.
Low standby power CMOS with HfO/sub 2/ gate oxide for 100-nm generation (2003)

We have fabricated 55-nm poly-Si gated n- and p-MOSFETs with HfO/sub 2/ gate dielectric of 3-nm physical thickness deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). A conventional CMOS process was used with high-temperature S/D anneal of /spl ges/1000/spl deg/C, cobalt-silicide and pocket implants. The devices showed very promising characteristics for low standby power applications due to drastic reduction of gate leakage current.
Cochlear Implant Place Psychophysics (1996)

Numerical estimation of pitch was performed by 8 adult subjects implanted with cochlear prostheses manufactured by Cochlear Limited. The electrode arrays had been inserted into the scale tympani to between one and one and a half turns of the cochlea. Using bipolar stimulation, the pitch estimates for each subjects showed an overall reduction with insertion depth of the stimulated electrode. However, for several subjects, after decreasing regularly for the more basal electrodes, pitch estimates showed an abrupt decrease, followed in some cases by a region of low pitch. Two of the subjects, implanted with a modified electrode array, the '20 + 2' which allowed monopolar in addition to bipolar stimulation, exhibited an abrupt decrease in pitch estimate with bipolar but not with monopolar stimulation. In these two subjects, for stimulating electrodes inserted more deeply than about three quarters of a turn, bipolar stimuli produced lower pitch sensations, and presumably more apical neural excitation patterns, than monopolar stimuli.
Electroless Deposition of Copper (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Electrochemical Model Anodic Partial Reaction Cathodic Partial Reaction Kinetics of Electroless Cu Deposition Growth Mechanism Structure Properties Deposition of Electroless Copper for IC Abrication Formation of Cu Nanoparticles by Electroless Deposition of Cu Electrochemical Control System for Electroless Copper Deposition Appendix References
Acceleration of full‐thickness wound healing in normal rats by the synthetic thrombin peptide, TP508 (2000)

Thrombin is an essential factor in hemostasis, inflammation, and tissue repair. The synthetic thrombin peptide, TP508, binds to high-affinity thrombin receptors and mimics cellular effects of thrombin at sites of tissue injury. Treatment of full-thickness excisional wounds in normal rats with a single topical application of 0.1 microg TP508 (14 pmol/cm2) reproducibly accelerates wound closure, yielding wounds that on average close 39% more than controls by day 7 (p < 0.001). Wounds treated with 1.0 microg TP508 are 35% and 43% (p < 0.001) smaller than controls on day 7 and 10, respectively. The early rate of closure is approximately 40% greater in TP508-treated than vehicle-treated wounds (20 versus 14 mm2/day) and remains higher through day 7. Breaking strength after closure is slightly greater (15-23%) in wounds treated with TP508 than with saline alone. Histologic comparisons show that TP508 enhances recruitment of inflammatory cells to the wound site within 24 hours post-injury. TP508 treatment also augments revascularization of injured tissue, as evidenced at day 7 by the larger size of functional vessels in the granulation tissue and by the directed development of blood vessels to wounds. These studies raise the possibility that TP508 may be clinically useful in management of open wounds.
Intermicellar Migration of Surfactant Molecules in Entangled Micellar Solutions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntermicellar Migration of Surfactant Molecules in Entangled Micellar SolutionsTadashi Kato, Toshiaki Terao, and Tsutomu SeimiyaCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 12, 4468–4474Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/la00024a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (757 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Trends in Otitis Media Among Children in the United States (2003)

The prevalence of early-onset OM and repeated OM continued to increase among preschool children in the United States. Further research to investigate this increasing prevalence should explore changes in management practice and an increase in prevalence of allergic conditions among poor children.
Using Rules (1997)

Several potential techniques on how to use rules can be developed to deal with the limitations of rules, based on a theoretical study and interpretation of rules. The strategies may be the use of various types of rules, structuring the condition in which rules are applied or modifying the way rules operate. Although the analysis and proposals in this chapter are not limited to the use of rules in regulating financial services, an analysis suggests that rule makers in financial services have adopted two of the proposed rule use, rule type and interpretive communities development. The analysis also reflects that the reasons for rule use could go beyond addressing rules' limits. Different rule types have been adopted by regulators to achieve various goals, and the issue of how rules should be used has at times been a concern of regulatory policy.
Effects of optically shallow bottoms on upwelling radiances: Bidirectional reflectance distribution function effects (2003)

Radiative transfer simulations were carried out for a variety of measured and modeled benthic bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs), incident lighting conditions, bottom depths, and water inherent optical properties. These simulations quantify the errors that occur in predictions of above‐surface remote‐sensing reflectances and in‐water upwelling radiances if non‐Lambertian ocean bottoms are replaced by Lambertian bottoms having the same irradiance reflectance. We found that when computing water‐leaving radiances, non‐Lambertian BRDFs can be replaced by a Lambertian BRDF having the same irradiance reflectance, with errors seldom greater than 10% and often much less, for considerations of above‐surface ocean‐color remote sensing by Ocean Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low‐Light Spectroscopy (Ocean PHILLS) or similar systems using near‐nadir viewing directions. The crucial measurement to make in characterizing the reflectance properties of a benthic surface for such applications is the spectral irradiance reflectance.