gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient forward projection through discrete data sets using tri-linear interpolation (2002)

Forward projection through discrete data sets is a major step in all iterative reconstruction methods. Based on the assumption that the true object function can be described adequately by tri-linear interpolation between the samples, which are located on a cubic grid, the authors propose an efficient and accurate method to calculate line integrals: the line is divided into segments separated by the surfaces of the grid and within each segment the integration is done using Simpson's rule.
Mechanisms of DNA damage recognition in mammalian nucleotide excision repair (1995)

The ability of nucleotide excision repair (NER) to process multiple forms of DNA damage is highly dependent on the precision by which DNA modifications are located in the genome. Studies of mammalian NER have shown that this system eliminates a wide range of chemically and structurally distinct DNA lesions whereby some types of damage are repaired at higher rates than others. Although the biochemical basis for this broad but heterogeneous response to DNA damage is poorly understood, recent discoveries in closely related areas of DNA metabolism indicate that selectivity for specific sites is achieved through the assembly of nucleoprotein complexes, in which DNA is frequently bent and unwound. In many cases, selectivity may be further enhanced by the action of specialized DNA helicases. These principles in protein-DNA recognition suggest a hypothetical mechanism of damage recognition that accounts for the wide substrate range of mammalian NER and also accommodates its preference for specific DNA lesions.
The Use of 4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-Oxo-2-(4-Antipyrinyl)-Butanoic Acid in the Preparation of Some New Heterocyclic Compounds With Expected Biological Activity (2003)

Reaction of 4-oxo-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-butenoic acid (1) with antipyrin (2) gave the corresponding butanoic acid 3. Reaction of 3 with hydrazines gave the pyridazinone derivatives 5a,b. Compounds 5a,b were used to prepare the corresponding dithio derivatives. Reaction of 5a with POCl3 unexpectedly gave the chloropyridazine derivative 7, which is used to prepare the corresponding thio derivative. The hitherto unknown reactions of this chloro derivative with 2-amino-3-carbethoxy-4,5-dimethylthiophene and 2-amino-3-carbethoxy tetrahydrobenzothiophene have now been described. The behaviour of the chloro derivative toward hydrazine hydrate, sodium azide and anthranilic acid was also studied. Some of the new compounds showed antimicrobial and antifungal activities .
Cyclic AMP and phorbol esters separately induce growth inhibition, calcitonin secretion, and calcitonin gene transcription in cultured human medullary thyroid carcinoma. (1986)

We have previously reported that the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) induces, in the TT cell line of human medullary thyroid carcinoma, decreased cellular proliferation, increased calcitonin secretion, and enhanced calcitonin gene transcription (deBustros, A., Baylin, S. B., Berger, C. L., Roos, B. A., Leong, S. S., and Nelkin, B. D. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 98-104). The cellular responses evoked by TPA are thought to be mediated by protein kinase C. In the present study, we have investigated whether protein kinase A, another key mediator of extracellular signal transduction, may also alter the differentiation status of the TT cells. We find that the effects of cAMP, an activator of protein kinase A, on cellular growth, calcitonin secretion, and calcitonin gene transcription almost parallel those of TPA. We also show that both TPA and cAMP lead to similar increases of both major mRNA species encoded within the calcitonin gene, calcitonin itself and the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide. In addition, cAMP increases nuclear calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA precursors to a greater extent (8-10-fold) than it does the mature cytoplasmic mRNA species (2-4-fold). The effects of TPA and cAMP on the TT cells are additive rather than synergistic. Furthermore, TPA evokes no increase in intracellular cAMP. We thus conclude that TPA and cAMP can trigger, independently, in the TT cells, a similarly programmed set of events resulting in a more differentiated phenotype. These cells provide a model system to explore how these two pathways of signal transduction converge to regulate molecular events such as the transcription of the calcitonin gene.
Mesoscale blood cell sedimentation for processing millilitre sample volumes (2015)

We demonstrate the efficient separation of blood cells from millilitre volumes of whole blood in minutes using a simple gravity sedimentation device. Blood cell and plasma separation is often the initial step in clinical diagnostics, and reliable separation techniques have remained a major obstacle for the success of point-of-care or remote diagnostics. Unlike plasma collection devices that rely solely on microchannels that restrict sample volume and throughput, we demonstrate the use of a hybrid micro/mesoscale sedimentation chamber to enable >99% capture of cells from millilitre blood samples in less than two minutes.
Refractive index measurement in human tissue samples (2003)

The aim of this study was to apply a laser refractometer based on a total internal reflection for measurement of refractive indices of thin tissue samples. The tissue slices with thickness from 5 to 15 μm and cross-sectional area of about 1 - 1.5 cm were cut with a freezing microtome and mounted on microscope glass slides. The samples from a liver, kidney, myocardium and skin were taken <i>post mortem</i> from 3 male patients (50, 52 and 75 years old) with some pathological tissue changes as well as from 3 dead fetuses 24-48 hours after the death. To indicate the morphological changes, the samples were stained with hemolown-eosin (HE) and studied microscopically. Using a two-beam UV-Vis-NIR-spectrophotometer Cary-5E (Variant), on-axis transmittance of the samples was measured over the 350 - 2000 nm range and the spectra of the extinction coefficient, in cm<sup>-1</sup>, were calculated. The measured refractive indices correspond to dehydrated tissue samples.
Purification of rabies virus produced in Vero cells grown in serum free medium (2019)

Rabies is a viral zoonosis caused by negative-stranded RNA viruses of the Lyssavirus genus. It can affect all mammals including humans. Dogs are the main source of human rabies deaths, contributing up to 99% of all rabies transmissions to humans. Vaccination against rabies is still the sole efficient way to fight against the disease. Cell culture vaccines are recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for pre and post exposure prophylaxis; among them Vero cell rabies vaccines which are used worldwide. In this work we studied the purification of inactivated rabies virus produced in Vero cells grown in animal component free conditions, using different methods. Cells were grown in VP-SFM medium in stirred bioreactor, then infected at an MOI of 0.05 with the LP2061 rabies virus strain. Collected harvests were purified by zonal centrifugation, and by chromatography supports, namely the Capto Core 700 and the monolithic CIM-QA column. Generated data were compared in terms of residual DNA level, host cell proteins (HCP) level and the overall recovery yield. Rabies virus purification using the monolithic column resulted in the highest antigen recovery yield, equal to 94%. Capto Core 700 showed a lower yield, about 84%; whereas the purification yield by zonal centrifugation was equal to 60%. In terms of host cell residual DNA removal, zonal centrifugation was the most efficient method; the removal yield was equal to 88.5%; elimination of host cell DNA was slightly lower when using the monolithic CIM-QA (equal to 73%). Whereas Capto Core 700 showed the lowest level (49.2%). Host cell protein removal varied between 92.6% for the monolithic column and 78.6% for the zonal centrifugation. Capto Core 700 eliminated 86.5% of HCP.
:<i>Biological Consequences of the European Expansion, 1450-1800</i> (2001)

Contents: Introduction The origin and antiquity of syphilis: paleopathological diagnosis and interpretation, Brenda J. Baker and George J. Armelagos Disease and the depopulation of Hispaniola, 1492a 1518, Noble David Cook New World depopulation and the case of disease, Donald Joralemon Conquistador y pestilencia: the first New World pandemic and the fall of the great Indian empires, Alfred W. Crosby An outline of Andean epidemic history to 1720, Henry F. Dobyns Epidemiology and the slave trade, Philip D. Curtin The influence of disease on race, logistics, and colonization in the Antilles, Francisco Guerra Fear of hot climates in the Anglo-American colonial experience, Karen Ordahl Kupperman Of agues and fevers: malaria in the early Chesapeake, Darrett B. Rutman and Anita H. Rutman Smallpox and the Indians in the American colonies, John Duffy The significance of disease in the extinction of the New England Indians, Sherburne F. Cook Smallpox in aboriginal Australia, 1829a 1831, Judy Campbell Disease and infertility: a new look at the demographic collapse of native populations in the wake of western contact, David E. Stannard Creative disruptions in American agriculture, 1620a 1820, E. L. Jones Europea (TM)s initial population explosion, William L. Langer Index.
Management of Deep Brain Stimulator Battery Failure: Battery Estimators, Charge Density, and Importance of Clinical Symptoms (2013)

Battery estimations, charge density, total power and clinical symptoms were important factors. The observation of clinical worsening that was rescued following neurostimulator replacement reinforces the notion that changes in clinical symptoms can be associated with battery drain.
Topology management for sensor networks (2002)

In wireless sensor networks, energy efficiency is crucial to achieve satisfactory network lifetime. In order to reduce the energy consumption of a node significantly, its radio needs to be turned off. Yet, some nodes have to participate in multi-hop packet forwarding. We tackle this issue by exploiting two degrees of freedom in topology management: the path setup latency and the network density. First, we propose a new technique called Sparse Topology and Energy Management (STEM), which aggressively puts nodes to sleep. It provides a method to wake up nodes only when they need to forward data, where latency is traded off for energy savings. Second, STEM integrates efficiently with existing approaches that leverage the fact that nearby nodes can be equivalent for traffic forwarding. In this case, an increased network density results in more energy savings. We analyze a hybrid scheme, which takes advantage of both setup latency and network density to increase the nodes' lifetime. Our results show improvements of nearly two orders of magnitude compared to sensor networks without topology management.
Le tennis de table féminin et les clubs (1996)

Falcoz Marc, Vallier N., Raspaud Michel. Le tennis de table féminin et les clubs. In: STAPS, volume 17 n°39, 1996. pp. 93-97.
Burn wound evaporation-measurement of body fluid loss by probe evaporimeter and weight change (1991)

A knowledge of the rate of fluid loss from the body is a useful aid in planning treatment of patients with severe burns. Different methods for obtaining this data have been investigated. Evaporation rates recorded from a probe evaporimeter have been compared with gravimetric measurements. The evaporimeter underestimated evaporation, especially at high levels, but could be calibrated against known evaporation rates. Estimates of whole-body fluid loss have been made from calibrated evaporimeter data and results compared with measurements of fluid loss by weight change for three patients. Problems with assessing whole-body evaporation rates in the clinical environment are highlighted. Weight change gives a more accurate assessment of total body fluid loss, but considerable effort is necessary to record all relevant information. Probe evaporimeter measurements are simple to perform and allow local evaporation rates to be estimated, but results should be treated with caution. Evaporation rates from wounds of 17 patients with severe burns have been evaluated in terms of surface diffusion resistances. The diffusion resistances of some burn wounds increased with time, but many did not change significantly during the first ten days after injury, and there was considerable variation with burn type and severity.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Haloalkaliphilic, Hydrogen-Producing Bacterium Halanaerobium hydrogeniformans (2011)

Halanaerobium hydrogenoformans is an alkaliphilic bacterium capable of biohydrogen production at pH 11 and 7% (wt/vol) salt. We present the 2.6-Mb genome sequence to provide insights into its physiology and potential for bioenergy applications.
Does meloxicam increase the incidence of anovulation induced by single administration of levonorgestrel in emergency contraception? A pilot study (2006)

The trend towards increased incidence of no follicular rupture when Melox was combined with LNG suggests that the addition of a cox-2 inhibitor has the potential to improve the contraceptive efficacy of LNG by a pre-fertilization effect.
Significance and reliability of the House‐Brackmann grading system for regional facial nerve function (2009)

Regional assessment using the House-Brackmann grading scale more fully communicates facial function and increases in reliability with experience.
Effect of Arnica D30 in marathon runners. Pooled results from two double-blind placebo controlled studies (2003)

These pooled results suggest that Arnica D30 has a positive effect on muscle soreness after marathon running, but not on cell damage measured by enzymes.
Use of the Fetal Fibronectin Test in Decisions to Admit to Hospital for Preterm Labor (2004)

-Trace protein has been identified by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, which has a reported sensitivity of 91% in diagnosing CSF leakage (4 ). For the automated assay from Dade Behring, a range of 0.22-1.69 mg/L for healthy individuals was reported, and a cutoff at 1.31 mg/L (97.5 percentile) was proposed (9 ). At concentrations between 1.31 and 1.69 mg/L, however, there is overlap of individuals without and patients with CSF leakage (9 ). In our study, -trace protein measured without predilution was 1 mg/L in individuals without CSF leakage. In the earlier study, nasal fluids were partly prediluted 1:100. At a cutoff of 1 mg/L, the Dade Behring assay had a 100% sensitivity (78 -100%; P 0.05) and specificity (86 -100%; P 0.05) for diagnosing a CSF leakage. Thus, in our opinion the nephelometric quantification of -trace protein is preferable, particularly because this method is less timeconsuming and labor-intensive than the electrophoretic method.
Synthesis and <i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of 2‐Aminoquinazolin‐4(3<i>H</i>)‐one‐Based Inhibitors for tRNA‐Guanine Transglycosylase (TGT) (2004)

Abstract tRNA‐Guanine transglycosylase (TGT) plays a key role in the post‐transcriptional modification of tRNA. It has been linked with the pathogenicity of shigellae , the causative agents of bacillary dysentery (shigellosis). Here, we report structureactivity relationships (SARs) for a new series of 2‐aminoquinazolin‐4(3 H )‐one‐based inhibitors of TGT, resulting from structure‐based design ( Fig. 2 ). Versatile synthetic protocols allow selective functionalization of the 2‐aminoquinazolin‐4(3 H )‐one core ( Schemes 1 – 6 ) with H‐bond‐donor groups in position 6 (for H‐bonding to the C=O group of Leu231) and lipophilic residues in position 8 for reaching into a shallow, newly discovered lipophilic pocket lined by Val282, Val45, and Leu68. The binding mode of several of these ligands in the active site of TGT was established by crystal structure analyses ( Figs. 4 and 6 ). A dramatic S effect was observed, with the replacement of the S‐atom in the (phenylsulfanyl)methyl residue in position 8 of inhibitor 1c ( K i =100 n M ) by the O‐atom (in 1h , K i =5.6 μ M ) or CH 2 (in 1i , K i =3.6 μ M ), resulting in a massive loss of activity ( Fig. 3 ). Crystal structure analysis showed that the lipophilic Me group points into a highly polar region of the active site encompassed by the side chains of Asp280 and Asp102 and collides directly ( d (C⋅⋅⋅O)=3.1 Å) with one of the O‐atoms of the carboxylate of Asp102. Similarly, lipophilic linkers departing from position 8 and orienting residues in the shallow hydrophobic pocket presumably encounter analogous unfavorable contacts, accounting for the modest contribution to the binding free enthalpy upon introduction of these residues. These findings provide a valuable starting point for future structure‐based lead optimization cycles leading to TGT inhibitors with increased in vitro potency.
Thermal lensing in ocular media exposed to continuous-wave near-infrared radiation: the 1150–1350-nm region (2008)

Ocular damage threshold data remain sparse in the continuous wave (CW), near-infrared (NIR) radiation region save for the 1300-nm area that has been investigated in the past several decades. The 1300-nm ocular damage data have yielded unusual characteristics where CW retinal damage was observed in rabbit models, but never in nonhuman primate models. This paper reviews the existing 1300-nm ocular damage threshold data in terms of the fundamental criteria of an action spectrum to assist in explaining laser-tissue effects from near-infrared radiation in the eye. Reviewing the action spectrum criteria and existing NIR retinal lesion data lend evidence toward the significant presence of thermal lensing in ocular media affecting damage, a relatively unexplored mechanism of laser-tissue interaction.
Systematically Varying Consumer Satisfaction and its Implications for Product Choice (2000)

Shaun McQuitty is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Marketing at New Mexico State University, Adam Finn is the Ronald K. Banister Professor of Marketing in the Department of Marketing, Business Economics, and Law at the University of Alberta, and, James B. Wiley is Professor of Marketing Science at the Victoria University of Wellington. All correspondence should be addressed to Shaun McQuitty, Department of Marketing / MSC 5280, College of Business Administration and Economics, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003-8001. Phone (505) 646-1463. Fax (505) 646-1498. email: mcquitty@nmsu.edu. The authors would like to thank Mike Hyman, the editor, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments regarding earlier drafts of this article.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Conversion of AgCl Nanocubes to Hybrid AgCl—Ag Nanoparticles with High Activity and Long‐Term Stability Towards Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes. (2013)

Abstract A highly efficient plasmonic AgCl—Ag nanophotocatalyst is prepared by photochemical conversion (300 W Xe arc lamp, 20 min) of AgCl nanocubes (derived by simple polyol precipitation).
Rapid Isocratic Liquid Chromatographic Separation and Quantification of Tryptophan and Six kynurenine Metabolites in Biological Samples with Ultraviolet and Fluorimetric Detection (2010)

A simple, rapid isocratic liquid chromatographic procedure with ultraviolet and fluorimetric detection is described for the separation and quantification of L-tryptophan (Trp) and six of its kynurenine metabolites (kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic, kynurenic, xanthurenic and anthranilic acids). Using the Perkin Elmer LC 200 system, a reverse phase Synergi 4 μ fusion-RP80 A column (250 × 4.6 mm) (Phenomenex), and a mobile phase of 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate: methanol (73:27, by vol) at pH 2.8 and a flow rate of 1.0-1.2 ml/min at 37 °C, a run took ∼13 min. The run took <7 min at 40 °C and a 1.4 ml/min flow rate. Limits of detection of all 7 analytes were 5-72 nM and their recoveries from human plasma and rat serum and liver varied between 62% and 111%. This simple method is suitable for high throughput work and can be further developed to include quinolinic acid and other Trp metabolites.
Interpolated Policy Gradient: Merging On-Policy and Off-Policy Gradient Estimation for Deep Reinforcement Learning (2017)

Off-policy model-free deep reinforcement learning methods using previously collected data can improve sample efficiency over on-policy policy gradient techniques. On the other hand, on-policy algorithms are often more stable and easier to use. This paper examines, both theoretically and empirically, approaches to merging on- and off-policy updates for deep reinforcement learning. Theoretical results show that off-policy updates with a value function estimator can be interpolated with on-policy policy gradient updates whilst still satisfying performance bounds. Our analysis uses control variate methods to produce a family of policy gradient algorithms, with several recently proposed algorithms being special cases of this family. We then provide an empirical comparison of these techniques with the remaining algorithmic details fixed, and show how different mixing of off-policy gradient estimates with on-policy samples contribute to improvements in empirical performance. The final algorithm provides a generalization and unification of existing deep policy gradient techniques, has theoretical guarantees on the bias introduced by off-policy updates, and improves on the state-of-the-art model-free deep RL methods on a number of OpenAI Gym continuous control benchmarks.
Adenosine A<sub>3</sub>receptor stimulation induces protection of skeletal muscle from eccentric exercise-mediated injury (2010)

Effective therapy to reduce skeletal muscle injury associated with severe or eccentric exercise is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adenosine receptor stimulation can mediate protection from eccentric exercise-induced muscle injury. Downhill treadmill exercise (-15 degrees ) was used to induce eccentric exercise-mediated skeletal muscle injury. Experiments were conducted in both normal wild-type (WT) mice and also in beta-sarcoglycan knockout dystrophic mice, animals that show an exaggerated muscle damage with the stress of exercise. In the vehicle-treated WT animals, eccentric exercise increased serum creatine kinase (CK) greater than 3-fold to 358.9 +/- 62.7 U/l (SE). This increase was totally abolished by stimulation of the A(3) receptor. In the dystrophic beta-sarcoglycan-null mice, eccentric exercise caused CK levels to reach 55,124 +/- 5,558 U/l. A(3) receptor stimulation in these animals reduced the CK response by nearly 50%. In the dystrophic mice at rest, 10% of the fibers were found to be damaged, as indicated by Evans blue dye staining. While this percentage was doubled after exercise, A(3) receptor stimulation eliminated this increase. Neither the A(1) receptor agonist 2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (0.05 mg/kg) nor the A(2A) receptor agonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (0.07 mg/kg) protected skeletal muscle from eccentric exercise injury in WT or dystrophic mice. The protective effect of adenosine A(3) receptor stimulation was absent in mice, in which genes for phospholipase C beta2/beta3 (PLCbeta2/beta3) and beta-sarcoglycan were deleted. The present study elucidates a new protective role of the A(3) receptor and PLCbeta2/beta3 and points to a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for eccentric exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury.
Novel Short Chain Chloroquine Analogues Retain Activity Against Chloroquine Resistant K1 <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2002)

A series of short chain chloroquine (CQ) derivatives have been synthesized in one step from readily available starting materials. The diethylamine function of CQ is replaced by shorter alkylamine groups (4-9) containing secondary or tertiary terminal nitrogens. Some of these derivatives are significantly more potent than CQ against a CQ resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. We conclude that the ability to accumulate at higher concentrations within the food vacuole of the parasite is an important parameter that dictates their potency against CQ sensitive and the chloroquine resistant K1 P. falciparum.