gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capsaicin‐insensitive sensory‐efferent meningeal vasodilatation evoked by electrical stimulation of trigeminal nerve fibres in the rat (1999)

1. Antidromic vasodilatation and plasma extravasation to stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion or its perivascular meningeal fibres was investigated by laser-Doppler flowmetry and 125I-labelled bovin serum albumin in the dura mater and in exteroceptive areas (nasal mucosa, upper eyelid) of anaesthetized rats pretreated with guanethidine and pipecuronium. 2 Trigeminal stimulation at 5 Hz for 20 s elicited unilateral phasic vasodilatation in the dura and lasting response in the nasal mucosa. Resiniferatoxin (1-3 microg kg(-1) i.v.), topical (1%) or systemic capsaicin pretreatment (300 mg kg(-1) s.c. plus 1 mg kg(-1) i.v.) did not inhibit the meningeal responses but abolished or strongly inhibited the nasal responses. Administration of vinpocetine (3 mg kg(-1) i.v.) increased both basal blood flow and the dural vasodilatation to perivascular nerve stimulation. 3. Dural vasodilatation to trigeminal stimulation was not inhibited by the calcitonin gene-related peptide-1 receptor (CGRP-1) antagonist hCGRP8-37 (15 or 50 microg kg(-1) i.v), or the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist RP 67580 (0.1 mg kg(-1) i.v.) although both antagonists inhibited the nasal response. Neither mucosal nor meningeal responses were inhibited by atropine (5 mg kg(-1) i.v.), hexamethonium (10 mg kg(-1) i.v.) or the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) antagonist (p-chloro-D-Phe6-Leul7)VIP (20 microg kg(-1) i.v.). 4. Plasma extravasation in the dura and upper eyelid elicited by electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion was almost completely abolished in rats pretreated with resiniferatoxin (3 microg kg(-1) i.v.). 5. It is concluded that in the rat meningeal vasodilatation evoked by stimulation of trigeminal fibres is mediated by capsaicin-insensitive primary afferents, while plasma extravasation in the dura and upper eyelid and the vasodilatation in the nasal mucosa are mediated by capsaicin-sensitive trigeminal fibres.
Induction of Chimerism Permits Low-Dose Islet Grafts in the Liver or Pancreas to Reverse Refractory Autoimmune Diabetes (2010)

Induction of chimerism not only provides immune tolerance to donor islets, but also markedly reduces the required amount of donor islets for reversal of diabetes. In addition, this process renders the pancreas a more superior site than the liver for donor islets in autoimmune mice.
The Methanosarcina barkeri genome: comparative analysis with Methanosarcina acetivorans and Methanosarcina mazei reveals extensive rearrangement within methanosarcinal genomes. (2006)

We report here a comparative analysis of the genome sequence of Methanosarcina barkeri with those of Methanosarcina acetivorans and Methanosarcina mazei. The genome of M. barkeri is distinguished by having an organization that is well conserved with respect to the other Methanosarcina spp. in the region proximal to the origin of replication, with interspecies gene similarities as high as 95%. However, it is disordered and marked by increased transposase frequency and decreased gene synteny and gene density in the distal semigenome. Of the 3,680 open reading frames (ORFs) in M. barkeri, 746 had homologs with better than 80% identity to both M. acetivorans and M. mazei, while 128 nonhypothetical ORFs were unique (nonorthologous) among these species, including a complete formate dehydrogenase operon, genes required for N-acetylmuramic acid synthesis, a 14-gene gas vesicle cluster, and a bacterial-like P450-specific ferredoxin reductase cluster not previously observed or characterized for this genus. A cryptic 36-kbp plasmid sequence that contains an orc1 gene flanked by a presumptive origin of replication consisting of 38 tandem repeats of a 143-nucleotide motif was detected in M. barkeri. Three-way comparison of these genomes reveals differing mechanisms for the accrual of changes. Elongation of the relatively large M. acetivorans genome is the result of uniformly distributed multiple gene scale insertions and duplications, while the M. barkeri genome is characterized by localized inversions associated with the loss of gene content. In contrast, the short M. mazei genome most closely approximates the putative ancestral organizational state of these species.
Development of a Speech‐Based Augmented Reality System to Support Exploration of Cityscape (2006)

Abstract When people explore new environments they often use landmarks as reference points to help navigate and orientate themselves. This research paper examines how spatial datasets can be used to build a system for use in an urban environment which functions as a city guide, announcing Features of Interest (FoI) as they become visible to the user (not just proximal), as the user moves freely around the city. Visibility calculations for the FoIs were pre‐calculated based on a digital surface model derived from LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data. The results were stored in a text‐based relational database management system (RDBMS) for rapid retrieval. All interaction between the user and the system was via a speech‐based interface, allowing the user to record and request further information on any of the announced FoI. A prototype system, called Edinburgh Augmented Reality System (EARS) , was designed, implemented and field tested in order to assess the effectiveness of these ideas. The application proved to be an innovative, ‘non‐invasive’ approach to augmenting the user's reality.
History Matching and Quantitative Use of 4D Seismic Data for an Improved Reservoir Characterization (2004)

Abstract In reservoir characterization, the value of each piece of data does not lie in its isolated use, but rather in the value it adds to the analysis when integrated with other data. Earth scientists from different disciplines have made many efforts to better predict the spatial distribution of petrophysical properties. However, the interpretation of isolated piece of knowledge, without a real integration of disciplines, cannot lead to a quantitative answer in terms of reservoir characterization. In this paper we present a joint inversion scheme for estimating petrophysical properties by integrating both production and 4D seismic related data in geological modeling. Simultaneous history matching of production and 4D seismic related data leads to a better prediction of petrophysical reservoir properties and of production forecast.
Alternate fusion: continuous inertial confinement (1993)

The authors argue that alternate fusion approaches should be pursued if: (1) They do not require magnetic confinement superior to tokamaks; (2) Their physics basis may be succinctly stated and experimentally tested; (3) They offer near-term applications to important technical problems; and (4) Their cost to proof-of-principle is low enough to be consistent with budget realities. An approach satisfying all of these criteria is presented, based on continuous inertial confinement. In such an approach, the inertia of a nonequilibrium plasma produces concentrations of plasma density. Fusion gain of order unity or greater may be produced in a system as small as a few mm radius! Confinement is that of a nonneutralized plasma. A pure electron plasma with a radial beam velocity distribution is absolutely confined by an applied Penning trap field. Spherical convergence of the confined electrons forms a deep virtual cathode near r=0, in which thermonuclear ions are absolutely confined at useful densities. The authors examine the equilibrium, stability, and classical relaxation of such systems. A sketch of immediate and long-term experimental opportunities is given.
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY- AND SELECTIVITY-CONTROL FOR OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE BY OXYGEN-PUMPING THROUGH YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA (1985)

Abstract Oxidative coupling of methane over Ag and Bi2O3–Ag were carried out by the electrochemically pumped oxygen through yttria-stabilized zirconia at 973 K. The oxygen pumped to the Bi2O3–Ag catalyst showed higher catalytic activity and selectivity for the production of C2-compounds (C2H4+C2H6) compared to the surface oxygen from gas phase.
The Possibility of Lidocaine Ion Pair Absorption Through Excised Hairless Mouse Skin (1992)

The purpose of the present research was to test the ion pair absorption hypothesis with respect to the topical route of drug delivery. The experiment consisted of preparing various lidocaine-n-alkanoate ion pairs, then characterizing them by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis and conductivity. Percutaneous absorption studies through excised hairless mouse skin were carried out using ethanolic solution of radiolabeled 14C-lidocaine-octanoate, 14C-lidocaine-decanoate and 14C-lidocaine-dodecanoate. Studies were conducted under steady-state conditions using Bronaugh's flow-through apparatus and normal saline as the receptor fluid. Ethanolic solution of a lidocaine base served as a control. The apparent differences in flux between lidocaine and the various ion pairs were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The differences among the fluxes of the various ion pairs were not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05), nor were the differences in lag times (p greater than 0.05). The difference between the flux values of lidocaine-1-14C-dodecanoate and 14C-lidocaine-dodecanoate infers that lidocaine-dodecanoate did not cross the excised, full-thickness, hairless mouse skin as an intact 1:1 ion pair. The formation of weakly associated ion pairs was suggested by the apparent low-association constants (Ka = 15-17 liters/mol) obtained at 25 degrees C in methanol by conductometric analysis.
Classification of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-metabolizing bacterium, Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1, as Mycobacterium vanbaalenii sp. nov. (2002)

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-utilizing Mycobacterium strain, PYR-1(T), was isolated from petroleum-contaminated estuarine sediments and has been shown by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to be closely related to Mycobacterium aurum ATCC 23366(T) and Mycobacterium vaccae ATCC 15438(T). In this investigation, the 16S rDNA, fatty acid methyl esters, DNA-DNA hybridization, PFGE analysis of restriction-digested total genomic DNA and biochemical tests were used to determine the taxonomic relationship of strain PYR-1(T) to other closely related Mycobacterium species. The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of strain PYR-1(T) was similar to that of Mycobacterium austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T), except for one gap at position 43. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis also showed similarity to M. austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T); however, the Euclidean distance was greater than 4.0, indicating that these strains were not identical. Dot-blot DNA-DNA hybridization of strain PYR-1(T) with M. austroafricanum indicated less than 40% relatedness. When the total chromosomal DNA of M. aurum ATCC 23366(T), M. austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T) and strain PYR-1(T) was digested with restriction enzyme Xbal and analysed by PFGE, all three organisms gave different restriction patterns. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the reverse-phase HPLC elution profiles of mycolic acids of strain PYR-1(T) and M. austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T) have different patterns. Based on phylogenetic analysis using 165 rRNA gene sequences, fatty acid analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization and PFGE analysis and physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is concluded that strain PYR-1(T) (= DSM 7251(T) = NRRL B-24157(T)) represents a novel species of the genus Mycobacterium, for which the name Mycobacterium vanbaalenii sp. nov. is proposed.
Measurement of Interfacial Charge-Transfer Rate Constants at n-Type InP/CH<sub>3</sub>OH Junctions (1997)

Steady-state current density vs potential methods have been used to measure interfacial electron-transfer rate constants at n-type indium phosphide/liquid junctions. n-InP/CH3OH-1,1‘-dimethylferrocene+/0, n-InP/CH3OH-ferrocene+/0, n-InP/CH3OH-tetrahydrofuran-decamethylferrocene+/0, and n-InP/CH3OH-1,1‘-diphenyl-4,4‘-dipyridinium2+/+• contacts displayed bimolecular kinetic behavior in which the observed current density was first order in the concentration of electrons at the semiconductor surface and in the concentration of acceptors in the solution. Differential capacitance potential measurements were used to determine the energetics for the charge-transfer process as well as to determine the concentration of electrons at the semiconductor surface as a function of applied potential. These measurements indicated that the voltage dropped across the semiconductor space charge region varied linearly with changes in the Nernst potential of the solution, as expected for an ideally behaving semiconductor/liquid junction. The measured charge-transfer rate constants, ket, for these systems were ≈10-16 cm4 s-1, in excellent agreement with previous theoretical predictions.
A Framework for Promoting Mental Health in School (2003)

Schools have an important role to play in the promotion of children's mental health, as well as in the identification and treatment of children with mental health problems. This article proposes a framework for a whole school approach to mental health. The framework focuses on four levels of involvement. The most general level is concerned with school ethos, which encompasses the values shared by all staff and pupils. The next level is whole‐school organization, which comprises a range of school policies. Then there is pastoral provision, which concerns procedures in place throughout the school. The final level is classroom practice, which involves the practical strategies used by teachers. A model is presented in order to illustrate visually the four levels in the framework for the promotion of mental health in schools. It is intended that the model will provide schools with a useful framework with which to review their provisions for children with mental health problems and consider the issue of mental health promotion.
How neuroscience will change our view on consciousness (2010)

Is there consciousness in machines? Or in animals? What happens to consciousness when we are asleep, or in vegetative state? These are just a few examples of the many questions about consciousness that are troubling scientists and laypersons alike. Moreover, these questions share a striking feature: They seem to have been around forever, yet neither science nor philosophy has been able to provide an answer. Why is that? In my view, the main reason is that the study of consciousness is dominated by what we know from introspection and behavior. This has fooled us into thinking that we know what we are conscious of. The scientific equivalent of this is Global Workspace theory. But in fact we don't know what we are conscious of, as I will explain from a simple experiment in visual perception. Once we acknowledge that, it is clear that we need other evidence about the presence or absence of a conscious sensation than introspection or behavior. Assuming the brain has something to do with it, I will demonstrate how arguments from neuroscience, together with theoretical and ontological arguments, can help us resolve what the exact nature of our conscious sensation is. It turns out that we see much more than we think, and that Global Workspace theory is all about access but not about seeing. The exercise is an example of how neuroscience will move us away from psychological intuitions about consciousness, and hence depict a notion of consciousness that may go against our deepest conviction: "My consciousness is mine, and mine alone." It's not.
Efficacy of intramuscular nalbuphine versus diphenhydramine for the prevention of epidural morphine-induced pruritus after cesarean delivery. (2011)

Nalbuphine proved better than diphenhydramine for prevention of epidural morphine-induced pruritus in patients who underwent cesarean section. Prophylactic intramuscular nalbuphine (10 mg) is effective in decreasing the incidence and severity of pruritus and does not affect analgesia.
Kinetics and mechanism of synthesis and degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in Alcaligenes eutrophus (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanism of synthesis and degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in Alcaligenes eutrophusYasushi Kawaguchi and Yoshiharu DoiCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 9, 2324–2329Publication Date (Print):April 27, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00035a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00035a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views570Altmetric-Citations140LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Millimeter-scale microrobots for wafer-level factories (2010)

Current top down manipulation systems used in micro and nanomanufacturing are many orders of magnitude larger than the parts being handled, leading to difficult tradeoffs between their precision, throughput and cost. This paper presents recent research progress in the manufacturing of millimeter sized robotic positioning technology that allows combining high precision with high throughput along with other application-specific requirements such as strength, dexterity, and work volume. The first robot type is the ARRIpede microcrawler, and we describe recent progress in microrobot packaging and backpack electronics leading to its untethered operation. Precision measurements describing the ARRIpede motion resolution and repeatability are reported. The second microrobot called the Articulated Four Axes Microrobot (AFAM) is a 3D dexterous micromanipulator robot, and we describe nanoindentation experiments using SPM tips mounted on the microrobot. By combining positioning data obtained using laser interferometers and SEM imaging of nanoindentation data, precision metrics such as accuracy, repeatability and resolution of the AFAM robot are determined. Using these two microrobots as basic positioning and manipulation units, we propose a concept for a nanoassembly module, or a so-called wafer-level factory.
E-windshield (2002)

The E-Windshield is a study in augmenting information with external knowledge as well as automobile relevant information. A prototype projection windshield is used to demonstrate 4 scenarios for using imagery on automobile windshields. Scenarios are subdivided into two conditions: Driving and Non-driving. In the first condition it demonstrates the use of annotation to draw drivers attention to objects. In the second condition the system presents an interface the size of the windshield providing a multimedia experience to the user. When a car is not occupied, it can be used as a public information board, showing information concerning time, things that are around it or simply presenting advertising. This display can also be used in collaboration with other displays to form a large screen array.
Medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic therapy (2008)

The medium-chain triglyceride diet (MCTD) is a variant of the classic 4:1 ketogenic diet (KD) introduced in 1971 by Huttenlocher as an attempt to improve the palatability of the KD by allowing more carbohydrates yet preserving ketosis. Although initially found to be equally effective as the classic KD, use of the MCTD declined because of frequent gastrointestinal side effects such as cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting. Recently, we have used the MCTD in more than 50 patients. We have found excellent seizure control, similar to the classic KD, and with careful monitoring, we have encountered minimal side effects. The MCTD should remain a viable dietary option for children with refractory epilepsy who have large appetites, can tolerate more calories, or cannot accept the restrictions of the classic KD.
(<i>R</i>)‐ und (<i>S</i>)‐4‐Alkoxy‐2‐<i>tert</i>‐butyl‐2,5‐dihydroimidazol‐1‐carbonsäureester – neue chirale Glycinderivate für die Aminosäuresynthese (1993)

In wenigen Stunden, bei Raumtemperatur und mit 0.2 N HCl ‐ unter solch milden Bedingungen lassen sich α‐Aminosäureester durch Hydrolyse der Produkte 3 der selektiven Reaktion des Li‐Derivats 2 von 1 mit Elektrophilen erhalten. Beide enantiomeren Formen der neuen chiralen Glycinderivate 1 sind darüber hinaus über eine Racematspaltung gut zugänglich. magnified image
Growth Hormone Receptor Signalling and Actions in Bone Growth (2001)

Growth hormone (GH) acts by binding to a membrane receptor that is part of the cytokine receptor superfamily. Ligand binding induces receptor dimerization leading to activation of the associated tyrosine kinase, Janus kinase (Jak) 2. Transphosphorylation of Jak2 occurs followed by tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor, and numerous cytoplasmic proteins. Among these are the signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) proteins, as well as adaptor proteins leading to the activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and the phosphatidyl-inositol-3'-kinase (PI 3-kinase) pathways. Activation of the GH receptor system is relatively transient, with several mechanisms being involved in down-regulation: internalization and degradation of the receptor and recruitment of phosphatases or specific inhibitors of the Jak-Stat pathway, the suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins. Finally, the use of the GH receptor knock-out mouse model has allowed us to dissect the role of this hormone in post-natal body growth and homeostasis.
Decomposition of Naphthalene by dc Gliding Arc Gas Discharge (2009)

Gliding arc discharge has been proved to be effective in treatment of gas and liquid contaminants. In this study, physical characteristics of dc gliding arc discharge and its application to naphthalene destruction are investigated with different external resistances and carrier gases. The decomposition rate increases with increasing of oxygen concentration and decreases with external resistance. This value can be achieved up to 92.3% at the external resistance of 50 kOmega in the oxygen discharge, while the highest destruction energy efficiency reaches 3.6 g (kW h)(-1) with the external resistance of 93 kOmega. Possible reaction pathways and degradation mechanisms in the plasma with different gases are proposed by qualitative analysis of postdestructed products. In the air and oxygen gliding arc discharges, the naphthalene degradation is mainly governed by reactions with oxygen-derived radicals.
Robust localization based on radar signal clustering (2016)

Significant advances have been achieved in mobile robot localization and mapping in dynamic environments, however these are mostly incapable of dealing with the physical properties of automotive radar sensors. In this paper we present an accurate and robust solution to this problem, by introducing a memory efficient cluster map representation. Our approach is validated by experiments that took place on a public parking space with pedestrians, moving cars, as well as different parking configurations to provide a challenging dynamic environment. The results prove its ability to reproducibly localize our vehicle within an error margin of below 1% with respect to ground truth using only point based radar targets. A decay process enables our map representation to support local updates.