gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping and molecular cloning of the phn (psiD) locus for phosphonate utilization in Escherichia coli (1990)

The Escherichia coli phn (psiD) locus encodes genes for phosphonate (Pn) utilization, for phn (psiD) mutations abolish the ability to use as a sole P source a Pn with a substituted C-2 or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group such as 2-aminoethylphosphonate (AEPn) or methylphosphonate (MPn), respectively. Even though the E. coli K-12 phosphate starvation-inducible (psi) phn (psiD) gene(s) shows normal phosphate (Pi) control, Pn utilization is cryptic in E. coli K-12, as well as in several members of the E. coli reference (ECOR) collection which are closely related to K-12. For these bacteria, an activating mutation near the phn (psiD) gene is necessary for growth on a Pn as the sole P source. Most E. coli strains, including E. coli B, are naturally Phn+; a few E. coli strains are Phn- and are deleted for phn DNA sequences. The Phn+ phn(EcoB) DNA was molecularly cloned by using the mini-Mu in vivo cloning procedure and complementation of an E. coli K-12 delta phn mutant. The phn(EcoB) DNA hybridized to overlapping lambda clones in the E. coli K-12 gene library (Y. Kohara, K. Akiyama, and K. Isono, Cell 50:495-508, 1987) which contain the 93-min region, thus showing that the phn (psiD) locus was itself cloned and verifying our genetic data on its map location. The cryptic phn(EcoK) DNA has an additional 100 base pairs that is absent in the naturally Phn+ phn(EcoB) sequence. However, no gross structural change was detected in independent Phn+ phn(EcoK) mutants that have activating mutations near the phn locus.
A Novel Approach to Drastic Test Data Compression for Multiple Scan Designs (2007)

This paper presents a comprehensive test data compression scheme based on adjustable width decompression and X-compact techniques for multiple scan designs. Adjustable width scan chain is employed for test stimuli decompression, and test response takes the advantages of X-compact. A response shaper further minimizes the probability of fault masking. The enhanced broadcast-scan based mode for CUT is able to deal with FFs (flip-fops) with the identical values as well as the opposing values. Two modes can handle the rest compact FF values after filling the unknown values. The merits of proposed approach are as follows. Test storage requirement is reduced significantly, and test input/output pins, test channels coupled with test application time decrease, thus improving test compression ratio completely. The experimental results on benchmark circuits ISCAS'89 demonstrate the improvement upon the previous proposed algorithms.
Unusual photon tunneling in the presence of a layer with a negative refractive index (2002)

Recent experiments give evidence of a negative refractive index at microwave frequencies in a microstructured material. This discovery may allow some unique features associated with negative- refraction materials to be observed and applied. This letter describes the calculated results for photon tunneling via evanescent fields in the presence of a layer of negative-refraction material, also known as a left-handed material (LHM) in contrast to the conventional right-handed materials (RHMs). We show that photons may tunnel through a much greater distance when a LHM that has the same magnitudes of refractive index, relative permeability, and thickness as those of the RHM (which could also be air or vacuum) is included between two semi-infinite media.
Phosphopentomutase of<i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i>TH6-2: The Enzyme and Its Gene<i>ppm</i> (1998)

Phosphopentomutase catalyzes the transfer of an intramolecular phosphate on ribose or deoxyribose, and is involved in the salvage pathway of nucleoside synthesis. We identified a sequence 5'-upstream of the genes for the nucleoside phosphorylases of Bacillus stearothermophilus as the phosphopentomutase (ppm) gene. The novel gene corresponded to an open reading frame of 1,179 nucleotides that is translated into a putative 393-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 43,735. The gene product, partially purified from ppm-overexpressing Escherichia coli cells, was judged to be a monomer of a 44-kDa polypeptide. The phosphopentomutase was found to catalyze the phosphotransfer on not only ribose or deoxyribose but also arabinose or dideoxyribose.
A Contention-Free Packet Scheduling Scheme for Provision of Quality-of- Service in Tbit/sec WDM Networks (2000)

Guaranteed Quality-of-Service (QoS) is a predominant requirement from modern high-performance switches and routers. Such devices are expected to support a large number of ports at high line rates carrying traffic with diverse statistical properties. In this paper a scheduling scheme for high-performance WDM packet-switch networks is presented. The proposed architecture is contention-free, scalable, easy to implement and requires no internal &quot;speedup&quot;. Moreover, the scheme inherently supports the provision of per-class QoS. Non-uniform destination distribution and bursty cell arrivals are studied for a switch with an aggregated throughput of 1 Tbit/sec. Simulation results show that class-differentiated low latency is achieved, yielding a powerful solution for high-performance packet-switch networks.
Syntheses and Herbicidal Activities of Dithiocarbamates (1969)

Several dithiocarbamates were synthesized and their herbicidal activities to radish and barnyardgrass were examined. Some benzyl N, N-dialkyldithiocarbamates such as N-methyl-N-ethyl-, N-methyl-N-n-propyl-, N, N-diethyl- and N, N-diisopropyl-dithiocarbamates showed high activity to these plants, but N-monoalkyl-, N, N-diaryl- and N, N-diaralkyl-dithio-carbamates were not so active. Some substituted benzyl N, N-dialkyldithiocarbamates such as 4-dimethylaminobenzyl N-methyl-N-ethyldithiocarbamate and 4-methoxybenzyl N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate showed high activity to broad-leaved plants. Substituted benzyl N, N-dialkyldithiocarbamates except 4-cyanobenzyl N, N-diisopropyldithiocarbamate, however, were less active to graminaceous plants.
Complex nature of gold-related deep levels in silicon (1980)

We report detailed measurements of the thermal and optical properties of the well-known gold-acceptor level in silicon. From a comparison of these properties measured in two types of silicon ${p}^{+}n$ diodes (one fabricated from epitaxially grown silicon and the other from silicon grown by the Czochrolski technique), we find that there are at least two (and perhaps more) different types of gold-acceptor centers in silicon. Measurements of the ratio of the deep-level transient spectroscopy signal due to the gold-donor level to that of the gold acceptor in the same sample show that these two levels are not related to the same gold center, as had previously been believed. A comparison with data in the literature for five other approximately midgap levels in silicon (Ag, Co, Rh, S, and process-induced levels) shows that the electron thermal-emission rates of these are all identical to that of the gold acceptor within experimental error. This suggests that these deep levels have the same underlying defect structure. Comparisons of our measured electron-capture cross sections with those reported in the literature for the gold acceptor show a heretofore unreported correlation between the magnitude of this cross section and the ratio of gold concentration to that of the shallow donor impurity. This suggests that ion pairing between gold acceptors and shallow donors plays a role in determining the capture cross section of the defect. We also have measured for the first time the capture cross sections associated with the gold-donor defect in $n$-type material and find results significantly different from those reported in the literature for $p$-type silicon. The optical cross sections of the gold acceptor show nearly a factor of 10 difference in magnitude and subtle differences in shape between epitaxial and Czochrolski samples. It is therefore possible that oxygen is also playing a role in the gold-based defect complexes. Attempts to obtain the temperature dependence of the gold-acceptor level from thermal capture and emission data proved inconclusive and led to various paradoxes which we discuss. Finally, we discuss possible models for gold-related defect complexes which are consistent with our results and might form the basis for future work.
Partially-Shared Variational Auto-encoders for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Target Shift (2020)

This paper proposes a novel approach for unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) with target shift. Target shift is a problem of mismatch in label distribution between source and target domains. Typically it appears as class-imbalance in target domain. In practice, this is an important problem in UDA; as we do not know labels in target domain datasets, we do not know whether or not its distribution is identical to that in the source domain dataset. Many traditional approaches achieve UDA with distribution matching by minimizing mean maximum discrepancy or adversarial training; however these approaches implicitly assume a coincidence in the distributions and do not work under situations with target shift. Some recent UDA approaches focus on class boundary and some of them are robust to target shift, but they are only applicable to classification and not to regression. To overcome the target shift problem in UDA, the proposed method, partially shared variational autoencoders (PS-VAEs), uses pair-wise feature alignment instead of feature distribution matching. PS-VAEs inter-convert domain of each sample by a CycleGAN-based architecture while preserving its label-related content. To evaluate the performance of PS-VAEs, we carried out two experiments: UDA with class-unbalanced digits datasets (classification), and UDA from synthesized data to real observation in human-pose-estimation (regression). The proposed method presented its robustness against the class-imbalance in the classification task, and outperformed the other methods in the regression task with a large margin.
Utilización de una técnica serológica rápida para el diagnostico de la leptospirosis canina (2009)

"La leptospirosis es una antropozoonosis de la distribución mundial causada por las bacterias Leptospira interrrogans, las cuales son eliminadas exterior a través de la orina de los animales infectados, la infección ocurre por el contacto con el agua contaminada, siendo los roedores algunos de los vectores principales que afectan a los seres humanos y las especies económicas diversas y a los animales afectivos, entre estos la especie canina. Es objetivo de este trabajo es reportar el empleo de una técnica rápida para el diagnostico serológico, con el propósito de discernir la presencia del patógeno del agente para aplicar una terapia inmediata dada la semejanza de sus síntomas clínicos con otras enfermedades; 77 muestras de suero sanguíneo de caninos fueron utilizadas debido a su sintomatología clínica a leptospirosis y remitida por las clínicas veterinarias al CENEDI para su diagnostico confirmativo por la técnica de MAT como técnica de la referencia. Los mismos sueros eran analizados por el Aubiodot, la cual emplea el antígeno del L. patoc y la cepa biflexa. Como resultado se obtuvo una coincidencia entre las técnicas evaluadas en 68 de las 77 muestras analizadas, con una sensibilidad de 85.7%, una especificidad de 89.7%, un valor Predictivo global de 88.7%; el coeficiente Kappa contribuyó un acuerdo favorable de 0.75 y la técnica MAT, identificó la circulación De los serovares canícola, ballum, icterohaemorrhagiae y pomona. Los indicadores obtenidos refieren la validez de la técnica estudiada y su uso se recomienda como diagnostico rápido para la toma de decisión, lo cual permitiría realizar una terapia en tiempo y eficaz. Este resultado permite evaluar la capacidad del antígeno patoc de reaccionar con los anticuerpos leptospirales."
Stem cells show promising results for lymphoedema treatment – A literature review (2014)

Lymphoedema is a debilitating condition, manifesting in excess lymphatic fluid and swelling of subcutaneous tissues. Lymphoedema is as of yet still an incurable condition and current treatment modalities are not satisfactory. The capacity of mesenchymal stem cells to promote angiogenesis, secrete growth factors, regulate the inflammatory process, and differentiate into multiple cell types make them a potential ideal therapy for lymphoedema. Adipose tissue is the richest and most accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells and they can be harvested, isolated, and used for therapy in a single stage procedure as an autologous treatment. The aim of this paper was to review all studies using mesenchymal stem cells for lymphoedema treatment with a special focus on the potential use of adipose-derived stem cells. A systematic search was performed and five preclinical and two clinical studies were found. Different stem cell sources and lymphoedema models were used in the described studies. Most studies showed a decrease in lymphoedema and an increased lymphangiogenesis when treated with stem cells and this treatment modality has so far shown great potential. The present studies are, however, subject to bias and more preclinical studies and large-scale high quality clinical trials are needed to show if this emerging therapy can satisfy expectations.
Mechanical stabilization of BSCCO-2223 superconducting tapes (1997)

A system to provide mechanical stabilization to high temperature BSCCO-2223 superconducting tape by laminating 0.081 mm thick, spring hard, copper foil to both sides with lead-tin eutectic solder has been successfully optimized. This system has been applied as a method to create a strong, windable composite with a minimum of critical current (I/sub c/) degradation. The "as received" conductor is evaluated for physical consistency of width and thickness. Electrical degradation in the strengthened tape as a result of lamination was found to average 24 percent. This was less than the degradation that would have occurred in an unstrengthened tape during subsequent insulation and coil winding processes. The copper can double the ultimate tensile strength of the pure silver tapes. Additionally, pure silver and dispersion strengthened silver matrix tapes are laminated with 0.025 mm thick copper and 304 stainless steel foil to investigate minimization of the cross sectional area of the strengthening component. The stainless steel can increase the UTS of the pure silver tapes sixfold. Mechanical properties and critical currents of these tapes are also reported both before and after strengthening. The I/sub c/ is also measured as a function of strain on the laminated tapes.
Ferrite devices and materials (2002)

The development and current status of microwave ferrite technology is reviewed in this paper. An introduction to the physics and fundamentals of key ferrite devices is provided, followed by a historical account of the development of ferrimagnetic spinel and garnet (YIG) materials. Key ferrite components, i.e., circulators and isolators, phase shifters, tunable filters, and nonlinear devices are also discussed separately.
Glass-Encapsulated Light Harvesters: More Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Deposition of Self-Aligned, Conformal, and Self-Limited Silica Layers (2012)

A major loss mechanism in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is recombination at the TiO(2)/electrolyte interface. Here we report a method to reduce greatly this loss mechanism. We deposit insulating and transparent silica (SiO(2)) onto the open areas of a nanoparticulate TiO(2) surface while avoiding any deposition of SiO(2) over or under the organic dye molecules. The SiO(2) coating covers the highly convoluted surface of the TiO(2) conformally and with a uniform thickness throughout the thousands of layers of nanoparticles. DSCs incorporating these selective and self-aligned SiO(2) layers achieved a 36% increase in relative efficiency versus control uncoated cells.
Utilization of lignins in rubber compounding (1978)

Abstract Lignin in the form of lignosulfonate containing about 33% moisture was found to be dispersible in natural rubber by dry mixing. Properties such as tear resistance, abrasion resistance, flex crack resistance, and crack growth resistance improved upon addition of lignin, irrespective of the nature of filler added. This lignin was found to have negative effects on modulus, tensile strenght, resilience, heat buildup, and compression set, which showed, however, remarkable improvement upon aging.
Some calc-silicate equilibrium relations (1966)

P-T curves determined experimentally for univariant equilibria are: (1) zoisite+quartz=anorthite+grossularite+vapor; (2) grossularite+quartz=anorthite+wollastonite; (3) zoisite+sillimanite=quartz+anorthite+vapor. Thermodynamic constants calculated from the results and published data give P-T curves for other reactions in the system CaO-SiO ~2~ , -Al ~2~ O ~3~ -H ~2~ O, entropy of grossularite and zoisite, and delta G for sillimanite. Reactions 1 and 2 agree with natural assemblages. The calculated anorthite breakdown curve lies at a lower pressure but close to the curve of albite (Birch and Le Conte, 1960) indicating that intermediate plagioclase may break down as a unit during a subcrustal phase change.
Reconstitution of rhodopsin and the cGMP cascade in polymerized bilayer membranes (1988)

The successful reconstitution of rhodopsin, the rod outer segment (ROS) G protein, and the ROS phosphodiesterase (PDE) into partially polymerized bilayer membranes is described. Purified bovine rhodopsin (Rh) was inserted into performed partially polymerized lipid vesicles. Sonicated vesicles composed of approximately equal moles of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) (or 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine) and 1,2-bis(octadeca-2,4-dienoyl)phosphatidylcholine (DENPC) were photolyzed with 254-nm light to polymerize the DENPC and form domains of DOPC and polyDENPC in the vesicle wall. Rh-octyl glucoside (OG) micelles were slowly added to the vesicle suspension to give 15 mM OG (below the OG critical micelle concentration). The suspension was incubated and then dialyzed and purified on a sucrose gradient. Ultracentrifugation revealed a major Rh-lipid band which was harvested and found to contain a 100 +/- 10 phosphatidylcholine to rhodopsin ratio (Rh-polyDENPC/DOPC). The orientation of Rh in the membrane was determined by limited proteolytic digestion of Rh and by competitive inhibition of monoclonal antibody binding to solubilized disk membranes. Results were compared with control membranes of Rh-DOPC (1:43) prepared by insertion and Rh-phospholipid membranes prepared by detergent dialysis. Visual inspection of thermolysin proteolytic patterns of Rh indicates one major population cleaved at the carboxy terminus, as is found in disk membranes with an asymmetric arrangement of Rh. In contrast, proteolysis of a Rh-egg PC/PE (1:50/50) membrane (detergent dialysis) produced two Rh populations, which indicates a symmetric arrangement of Rh. The Rh-polyDENPC/DOPC (1:100) membranes were allowed to compete with solubilized, immobilized disk membranes for the monoclonal antibody R2-15 (specific for the amino-terminal region of Rh). They were intermediate between the asymmetric ROS disk membranes and the symmetric dialysis membranes in their ability to bind the R2-15 monoclonal antibody. The data indicate approximately 80% of the Rh's in Rh-polyDENPC/DOPC are in the normal orientation found in disks. These Rh-containing polymerized bilayer membranes demonstrated functionality as determined by chemical regeneration, kinetic spectrophotometry, and cGMP cascade reconstitution experiments. In the latter experiments the peripheral proteins, ROS G protein and PDE, bound with comparable efficiency to both the polymerized PC bilayers and egg PC bilayers. Thus the biocompatibility of the phosphatidylcholine membrane surface was maintained after polymerization of DENPC.
A microfluidic paper-based electrochemical biosensor array for multiplexed detection of metabolic biomarkers (2013)

Paper-based microfluidic devices have emerged as simple yet powerful platforms for performing low-cost analytical tests. This paper reports a microfluidic paper-based electrochemical biosensor array for multiplexed detection of physiologically relevant metabolic biomarkers. Different from existing paper-based electrochemical devices, our device includes an array of eight electrochemical sensors and utilizes a handheld custom-made electrochemical reader (potentiostat) for signal readout. The biosensor array can detect several analytes in a sample solution and produce multiple measurements for each analyte from a single run. Using the device, we demonstrate simultaneous detection of glucose, lactate and uric acid in urine, with analytical performance comparable to that of the existing commercial and paper-based platforms. The paper-based biosensor array and its electrochemical reader will enable the acquisition of high-density, statistically meaningful diagnostic information at the point of care in a rapid and cost-efficient way.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Complexes and Blends of Poly(acrylic acid) and Methylcellulose: Nanoparticles and Mucoadhesive Films for Ocular Delivery of Riboflavin (2013)

Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and methylcellulose (MC) are able to form hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complexes (IPCs) in aqueous solutions. In this study, the complexation between PAA and MC is explored in dilute aqueous solutions under acidic conditions. The formation of stable nanoparticles is established, whose size and colloidal stability are greatly dependent on solution pH and polymers ratio in the mixture. Poly(acrylic acid) and methylcellulose are also used to prepare polymeric films by casting from aqueous solutions. It is established that uniform films can be prepared by casting from polymer mixture solutions at pH 3.4-4.5. At lower pHs (pH < 3.0) the films have inhomogeneous morphology resulting from strong interpolymer complexation and precipitation of polycomplexes, whereas at higher pHs (pH 8.3) the polymers form fully immiscible blends because of the lack of interpolymer hydrogen-bonding. The PAA/MC films cast at pH 4 are shown to be non-irritant to mucosal surfaces. These films provide a platform for ocular formulation of riboflavin, a drug used for corneal cross-linking in the treatment of keratoconus. An in vitro release of riboflavin as well as an in vivo retention of the films on corneal surfaces can be controlled by adjusting PAA/MC ratio in the formulations.