gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimum-scattering antennas (1965)

Antennas with identical radiation patterns can differ in the manner and extent to which they modify an incident wave, i.e., in the way they scatter. This paper enlarges on the work of Dicke [1] on this subject, employing, as he does, a scattering representation based on spherical modes. However, the approach is more physical and includes antennas with nonreciprocal components and with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> (local) ports. A canonical minimum-scattering antenna is defined as one which becomes "invisible" when the accessible waveguide terminals are open-circuited. The scattering matrix of such an antenna is shown to be unique once <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> arbitrary orthogonal radiation patterns have been specified. Neither an impedance nor an admittance matrix for such an antenna exists. It is demonstrated for a large class of antennas terminated by matched receivers that the scattered power is generally greater than the absorbed power, equality being attained for minimum-scattering antennas.
A Comparative Study of Eastern and Western Nursing for Pyrexia Patient (1997)

This study was done for understanding the desirable direction of eastern and western nursing by comparing the nursing practice for the Pyrexia patient occuring most commonly. Body temperature usually maintains around owing to the thermoregulatory center but pyrexia is caused by exogenous pyrogen like infection, cancer or disturbances in body's homeostatic heat balance. Pyrexia is defined that body temperature rise above . It has chill phase, course of the fever, termination accompanied various symptoms. Oriental medicine explains that pyrexia comes from Yang's(陽) abundance and Yin's(陰) lack. Pyrexia mainly happens when body constitution is in bad condition by Six Dirty's(六陰) affection to Wi Area (偉分). It also occurs because of unbalance between Qi (氣) and Yin(陰) caused by the lack in Seven Emotions, labor, food. The Sanghanron(傷寒論), explains that pyrexia is categorized exogenous fever like Poong Han(風寒), Poong Yul(風熱), Sup Yul(濕熱) and endogenous fever due to the Qi and blood deficiency. Explained above, even though pyrexia has different meaning in oriental medicine and western medicine, but this study have compared the oriental and western medicine assuming that pyrexia is rise of body temperature. From this point of view, oriental and western nursing shows the similarity in the field of 1) use of antipyretic to control the body temperature 2) rest and comfort 3) watering 4) nutrition and case study was executed in nursing practice. From the above study, western nursing has superiority in decreasing the patient's risen body temperature using antipyretic and ice bag. But in case of empty heat, oriental nursing which recommends the patient's body keep warm and prevent the use of ice bag as the first step and helps patient's sweating by drinking of hot water was comparatively effective. In conclusion, it is desirable that oriental nursing emphasizing the supportive nursing and western nursing should be harmonized according to the status of pyrexia patient and it is needed to study the nursing method appropriate in our culture.
Wyner–Ziv Switching Scheme for Multiple Bit-Rate Video Streaming (2008)

This paper proposes a Wyner-Ziv (WZ) switching scheme for multiple bit-rate (MBR) video streaming over networks. Identical video content is encoded into a set of normal streams, which are generated by conventional hybrid video coding with multiple bit rates, so that streaming can dynamically switch among these normal streams according to available bandwidth. At encoder side, the WZ codec generates a switching stream by compressing the reconstructed frames of a certain normal stream that will be switched to, no matter which normal stream it switches from. At decoder side, for switching to the same frame, the same WZ switching stream is used to reconstruct the switching-to frame by taking the switching-from frame as the side information. The number of required WZ bits depends on the inherent mutual correlation between two frames switching to and from. Since the WZ switching streams are generated independently of the normal switching-from streams, given normal streams that can switch from any one to another, the proposed scheme reduces the number of switching streams from to . Furthermore, switching streams do not deteriorate the coding efficiency of normal streams when no switching occurs. However a big problem here, similar to requesting bits in distributed video coding, is how many WZ bits should be transmitted when a switching happens because the streaming scenario does not tolerate too much extra delay caused by the requests back and forth. Therefore, a Laplacian model, which is proved in the simplified case, is proposed to characterize the correlation between switching-to and switching-from frames. It can be used to accurately estimate the number of WZ bits at the server side.
Salience and choice: Neural correlates of shopping decisions (2004)

Abstract Noninvasive brain imaging was used to observe 18 subjects, each making 90 choices of three brands on a virtual (video) supermarket visit. Package height provided a control for the main experiment. Brain activations in brand choice differed from those for height discrimination, and choice times were faster when one brand was more familiar. Brand choice appeared to involve silent vocalization. Decision processes took approximately 1 s and can be seen as two halves. The first period seems to involve problem recognition and here male brain patterns differed from female. The second half concerned the choice itself. No male/female differences were observed but a different pattern was evoked where one brand was familiar and the other two were not. The right parietal cortex was strongly activated in this case. This research pioneers new techniques using relatively few subjects and against a limited theoretical background. As such it must be classified as exploratory. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Practical prefetching techniques for parallel file systems (2002)

Improvements in the processing speed of multiprocessors are outpacing improvements in the speed of disk hardware. Parallel disk I/O subsystems have been proposed as one way to close the gap between processor and disk speeds. In a previous paper the authors showed that prefetching and caching have the potential to deliver the performance benefits of parallel file systems to parallel applications. They describe experiments with practical prefetching policies, and show that prefetching can be implemented efficiently even for the more complex parallel file access patterns. They also test the ability of these policies across a range of architectural parameters. (see IEEE Trans. on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol.1, no.2, p.218-30, 1990).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of atipamezole — a selective <i>α</i><sub>2</sub>‐adrenoceptor antagonist — on cardiac parasympathetic regulation in human subjects (2004)

1 This double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study on six healthy male volunteers was designed to evaluate the effects of alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonism on cardiac parasympathetic regulation. 2 The subjects received atipamezole intravenously as a three-step infusion, which aimed at steady-state serum concentrations of 10, 30 and 90 ng ml(-1) at 50-min intervals. 3 Drug effects were assessed with repeated recordings of blood pressure and electrocardiogram, in which the high-frequency (0.15-0.40 Hz) R-R interval variation is supposed to reflect cardiac parasympathetic efferent neuronal activity. 4 At the end of the three steps of the infusion, the mean (+/-SD) concentrations of atipamezole were 10.5 (3.9), 26.8 (5.6) and 81.3 (21.1) ng ml(-1). 5 Within this concentration range, atipamezole appeared to reduce slightly the high-frequency R-R interval fluctuations, indicating a minor vagolytic effect in the heart. 6 Atipamezole increased systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, on average by 20 and 14 mmHg (maxima at the second step of the infusion), which evidently reflects an overall sympathetic augmentation.
New position sensitive photomultiplier tubes for high energy physics and nuclear medical applications (1988)

Position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes with fine-mesh-structured dynodes and discrete-anode-array configurations are discussed. One photomultiplier tube, constructed with 88 multianodes, has a spatial resolution of less than 2.6 mm FWHM in a magnetic field with a density of 500-2000 G; it is being used as a photodetector for high-energy physics applications in high-magnetic-field environments. Another type of multianode photomultiplier tube that has been developed functions as a high-spatial-resolution detector for positron-emission tomography (PET) and scintillation-system hodoscopes. By applying additional electrofocusing electrodes to this tube, an intrinsic spatial resolution of 1.4 mm FWHM without the magnetic field can be obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel haptic texture display based on image processing (2007)

Stimulating the small forces when objects slide over the textured surface enriches the interaction between a user and a virtual world. A major design constraint for haptic textures is the generation of a sufficiently realistic texture given hard constraints on computational costs. A haptic texture presentation method based on the 3-DOF DELTA device was proposed. The height map of the texture surface was transformed from the image data with GAUSS filters, and the texture force and friction were calculated based on the geometry data. The simulated texture force was applied to the user when he/shi exploring the virtual surface with DELTA haptic device. The preliminary psychophysical experiments were performed to evaluate the quality of presentation.
Vascular Targeted Photodynamic Therapy with Padeliporfin for Low Risk Prostate Cancer Treatment: Midterm Oncologic Outcomes (2017)

Padeliporfin vascular targeted photodynamic therapy for low risk prostate cancer achieved an 82% rate of absent clinically significant cancer in treated lobes and 76% of patients avoided radical therapy at a median followup of 68 months. However, longer followup is required to determine long-term outcomes.
Data obfuscation: anonymity and desensitization of usable data sets (2004)

In some domains, the need for data privacy and data sharing conflict. Data obfuscation addresses this dilemma by extending several existing technologies and defining obfuscation properties that quantify the technologies' usefulness and privacy preservation.
Cognitive science (2003)

article Share on Cognitive science: at the crossroads of computers and the mind Author: Ronald Laurids Boring View Profile Authors Info & Claims XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for StudentsVolume 10Issue 2December 2003 pp 1https://doi.org/10.1145/1027328.1027329Online:01 December 2003Publication History 0citation297DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads297Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Distributed protocols for access arbitration in tree-structured communication channels (2003)

The problem of arbitrating access to a tree-structured communication channel with large geographic extent, providing multipoint communication among a set of terminals, is considered. In the model used, terminals transmit information in bursts consisting of many packets and compete for the right to transmit bursts. In the simplest case, the channel allows only one terminal to transmit at a time; this can be extended to k concurrent transmitters. The problem resembles contention resolution in local are networks. It is distinguished by the topology of the channel, the magnitude of the delays involved, and the potential for multiple transmitters. Two general approaches are identified, as well as several specific access-arbitration algorithms. A preliminary assessment is given of their promise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pain Controlling and Cytokine‐Regulating Effects of Lyprinol, a Lipid Extract of <i>Perna canaliculus</i>, in a Rat Adjuvant‐Induced Arthritis Model (2007)

Using an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model, we investigated the effects of a lipid extract of Perna canaliculus (Lyprinol(R)) on pain. Radiological examinations, as well as levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory (AI) cytokines, were measured aiming to provide independent objective data to the pain controlling investigation. We confirmed the ability of Lyprinol(R) to control pain at the initial phase of its administration; with similar efficacy to that observed with Naproxen. The pain scores slowly increased again in the group of rats treated with Lyprinol(R) after day 9-14. The Naproxen-treated rats remained pain-free while treated. Both Naproxen and Lyprinol(R) decreased the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, and increased that of IL-10. Extra-virgin olive oil was ineffective on cytokine secretion. Rats treated with Lyprinol(R) were apparently cured after 1 year. This study confirms the AI efficacy of this lipid extract of P. canaliculus, its initial analgesic effect, its perfect tolerance and its long-term healing properties.
Elevated α-synuclein mRNA levels in individual UV-laser-microdissected dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (2008)

The presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein is involved in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). In rare familial forms of PD, causal mutations (PARK1) as well as multiplications (PARK4) of the alpha-synuclein gene have been identified. In sporadic, idiopathic PD, abnormal accumulation and deposition of alpha-synuclein might also cause degeneration of dopaminergic midbrain neurons, the clinically most relevant neuronal population in PD. Thus, cell-specific quantification of alpha-synuclein expression-levels in dopaminergic neurons from idiopathic PD patients in comparison to controls would provide essential information about contributions of alpha-synuclein to the etiology of PD. However, a number of previous studies addressing this question at the tissue-level yielded varying results regarding alpha-synuclein expression. To increase specificity, we developed a cell-specific approach for mRNA quantification that also took into account the important issue of variable RNA integrities of the individual human postmortem brain samples. We demonstrate that PCR -amplicon size can confound quantitative gene-expression analysis, in particular of partly degraded RNA. By combining optimized UV-laser microdissection- and quantitative RT-PCR-techniques with suitable PCR assays, we detected significantly elevated alpha-synuclein mRNA levels in individual, surviving neuromelanin- and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons from idiopathic PD brains compared to controls. These results strengthen the pathophysiologic role of transcriptional dysregulation of the alpha-synuclein gene in sporadic PD.
Current-Driven Ion Fluxes of Polymeric Membrane Ion-Selective Electrode for Potentiometric Biosensing (2009)

A polymeric membrane ion-selective electrode (ISE) for rapid potentiometric biosensing has been developed. Butyrylcholinesterase, as a target enzyme, is immobilized on the surface of the polymeric membrane. A macro-command-controlled procedure for switching between the potentiostatic and galvanostatic steps has been designed to provide a current-driven release of the butyrylcholine substrate for in situ biosensing of the enzyme and its inhibitors. This system has the flexibility of trapping substrate ions in the ISE inner filling solution and provides rapid, continuous, and reproducible measurements of enzymes and other bioanalytes involved in enzymatic systems.
Direct arylation of pyridines without the use of a transition metal catalyst (2014)

A method for achieving the direct arylation of pyridines with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride was developed in this study. This new reaction proceeds readily at room temperature without the use of any transition metal catalysts. This method allows rapid access to various arylated heterocycles that are more difficult to access through traditional methods.
Studies of the Physical Properties of Hardened Portland Cement Paste (1946)

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A Contract-Based Methodology for Aircraft Electric Power System Design (2014)

In an aircraft electric power system, one or more supervisory control units actuate a set of electromechanical switches to dynamically distribute power from generators to loads, while satisfying safety, reliability, and real-time performance requirements. To reduce expensive redesign steps, this control problem is generally addressed by minor incremental changes on top of consolidated solutions. A more systematic approach is hindered by a lack of rigorous design methodologies that allow estimating the impact of earlier design decisions on the final implementation. To achieve an optimal implementation that satisfies a set of requirements, we propose a platform-based methodology for electric power system design, which enables independent implementation of system topology (i.e., interconnection among elements) and control protocol by using a compositional approach. In our flow, design space exploration is carried out as a sequence of refinement steps from the initial specification toward a final implementation by mapping higher level behavioral and performance models into a set of either existing or virtual library components at the lower level of abstraction. Specifications are first expressed using the formalisms of linear temporal logic, signal temporal logic, and arithmetic constraints on Boolean variables. To reason about different requirements, we use specialized analysis and synthesis frameworks and formulate assume guarantee contracts at the articulation points in the design flow. We show the effectiveness of our approach on a proof-of-concept electric power system design.
Gene conversion in the evolution of the human and chimpanzee MHC class I loci (1991)

Sixty-five DNA sequences from human and chimpanzee major histocompatibility complex class I loci were searched for statistical evidence of past gene conversion. Twenty-four potential conversions were detected; they were distributed across both variable and conserved portions of the gene, and involved both classical and non-classical loci. The majority spanned less than 100 bp, comparable in length to the conversions observed in spontaneous mutations in mice. Both within-locus and between-locus conversions were observed. Certain areas of the antigen recognition site appear to have been the target for multiple conversion events. The implications of these findings for the evolution of the class I multigene family are discussed.
Peripheral Nerve Injury Is Associated with Chronic, Reversible Changes in Global DNA Methylation in the Mouse Prefrontal Cortex (2013)

Changes in brain structure and cortical function are associated with many chronic pain conditions including low back pain and fibromyalgia. The magnitude of these changes correlates with the duration and/or the intensity of chronic pain. Most studies report changes in common areas involved in pain modulation, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and pain-related pathological changes in the PFC can be reversed with effective treatment. While the mechanisms underlying these changes are unknown, they must be dynamically regulated. Epigenetic modulation of gene expression in response to experience and environment is reversible and dynamic. Epigenetic modulation by DNA methylation is associated with abnormal behavior and pathological gene expression in the central nervous system. DNA methylation might also be involved in mediating the pathologies associated with chronic pain in the brain. We therefore tested a) whether alterations in DNA methylation are found in the brain long after chronic neuropathic pain is induced in the periphery using the spared nerve injury modal and b) whether these injury-associated changes are reversible by interventions that reverse the pathologies associated with chronic pain. Six months following peripheral nerve injury, abnormal sensory thresholds and increased anxiety were accompanied by decreased global methylation in the PFC and the amygdala but not in the visual cortex or the thalamus. Environmental enrichment attenuated nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity and reversed the changes in global PFC methylation. Furthermore, global PFC methylation correlated with mechanical and thermal sensitivity in neuropathic mice. In summary, induction of chronic pain by peripheral nerve injury is associated with epigenetic changes in the brain. These changes are detected long after the original injury, at a long distance from the site of injury and are reversible with environmental manipulation. Changes in brain structure and cortical function that are associated with chronic pain conditions may therefore be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms.
<title>Cellular automaton generating topological structures</title> (1994)

This paper describes a cellular automaton based on adaptive function of living systems. We simulated the behavior on a computer giving each cell local rules such as 'death', 'birth', and 'division' like an organism. The computational results showed that the model generates a clear framed structure for a mechanical condition. We also reported on diverse topological structures inhered in the system.
Orthopoxvirus Genome Evolution: The Role of Gene Loss (2010)

Poxviruses are highly successful pathogens, known to infect a variety of hosts. The family Poxviridae includes Variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, which has been eradicated as a public health threat but could potentially reemerge as a bioterrorist threat. The risk scenario includes other animal poxviruses and genetically engineered manipulations of poxviruses. Studies of orthologous gene sets have established the evolutionary relationships of members within the Poxviridae family. It is not clear, however, how variations between family members arose in the past, an important issue in understanding how these viruses may vary and possibly produce future threats. Using a newly developed poxvirus-specific tool, we predicted accurate gene sets for viruses with completely sequenced genomes in the genus Orthopoxvirus. Employing sensitive sequence comparison techniques together with comparison of syntenic gene maps, we established the relationships between all viral gene sets. These techniques allowed us to unambiguously identify the gene loss/gain events that have occurred over the course of orthopoxvirus evolution. It is clear that for all existing Orthopoxvirus species, no individual species has acquired protein-coding genes unique to that species. All existing species contain genes that are all present in members of the species Cowpox virus and that cowpox virus strains contain every gene present in any other orthopoxvirus strain. These results support a theory of reductive evolution in which the reduction in size of the core gene set of a putative ancestral virus played a critical role in speciation and confining any newly emerging virus species to a particular environmental (host or tissue) niche.