gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tampered and Computer-Generated Face Images Identification Based on Deep Learning (2020)

Image forgery is an active topic in digital image tampering that is performed by moving a region from one image into another image, combining two images to form one image, or retouching an image. Moreover, recent developments of generative adversarial networks (GANs) that are used to generate human facial images have made it more challenging for even humans to detect the tampered one. The spread of those images on the internet can cause severe ethical, moral, and legal issues if the manipulated images are misused. As a result, much research has been conducted to detect facial image manipulation based on applying machine learning algorithms on tampered face datasets in the last few years. This paper introduces a deep learning-based framework that can identify manipulated facial images and GAN-generated images. It is comprised of multiple convolutional layers, which can efficiently extract features using multi-level abstraction from tampered regions. In addition, a data-based approach, cost-sensitive learning-based approach (class weight), and ensemble-based approach (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) is applied to the proposed model to deal with the imbalanced data problem (IDP). The superiority of the proposed model that deals with an IDP is verified using a tampered face dataset and a GAN-generated face dataset under various scenarios. Experimental results proved that the proposed framework outperformed existing expert systems, which has been used for identifying manipulated facial images and GAN-generated images in terms of computational complexity, area under the curve (AUC), and robustness. As a result, the proposed framework inspires the development of research on image forgery identification and enables the potential to integrate these models into practical applications, which require tampered facial image detection.
Side chain conjugation prevents bacterial 7-dehydroxylation of bile acids. (1990)

The effect of side chain conjugation on 7-dehydroxylation of bile acids has been investigated. C24-bile acids and their glycine and taurine conjugates and keto bile acids were incubated with pure strains of Eubacterium sp. VPI 12708. Bile acids of the 5 alpha- or 5 beta-series with a free terminal carboxyl group and a 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy system were very effectively 7 alpha-dehydroxylated, whereas 7 beta-hydroxy bile acids resisted 7-dehydroxylation. Oxo bile acids were metabolized at the oxygen function also. Glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids were neither deamidated nor 7-dehydroxylated by the bacteria. Thus, side chain conjugation prevents 7-dehydroxylation of bile acids by Eubacterium sp. VPI 12708.
Formation Damage Control Utilizing Composite-Bridge-Plug Technology for Monobore, Multizone Stimulation Operations (2001)

Abstract Composite bridge plugs (CBPs) save operator time and money by enabling quick and easy installation and removal. CBPs can be installed under pressure in multi-zone, commingled gas wells without using expensive formation kill weight fluids. Kill weight fluids can reduce production from the well, and in some cases have damaged newly fractured zones to the extent that production has been cut in half. After remedial operations, CBPs can be removed using coiled- tubing-conveyed milling equipment in one fourth of the time required to mill traditional cast iron bridge plugs. Formation damage can be substantially reduced using low viscosity milling fluids that easily remove composite cuttings from the wellbore. This is especially important because of the low annular velocities characteristic of coiled tubing operations. The wellbore is left cleaner than those using cast iron bridge plugs in similar operations. CBPs can withstand high pressures for up to 10 days without compromising their pressure integrity and without the need for a cement barrier on top of the CBP. Initial field runs have demonstrated that the CBPs can be milled as quickly as 30 minutes compared to 2 hours for milling conventional cast iron bridge plugs. Multi-zone, commingled gas wells using as many as 7 CBPs have been brought back on production after taking only 12 hours to remove all CBPs, including rig-up and rig- down of the coiled tubing unit. Field runs also indicate CBPs can be milled quickly when set at depths exceeding 19,000 feet.
Formation of ethers from ozonides by reductive cleavage of the two carbon-oxygen bonds of the peroxide bridge (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of ethers from ozonides by reductive cleavage of the two carbon-oxygen bonds of the peroxide bridgeTomohiro Fujisaka, Masatomo Nojima, and Shigekazu KusabayashiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2, 275–277Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00202a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00202a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hearing Silences: Human Auditory Processing Relies on Preactivation of Sound-Specific Brain Activity Patterns (2013)

The remarkable capabilities displayed by humans in making sense of an overwhelming amount of sensory information cannot be explained easily if perception is viewed as a passive process. Current theoretical and computational models assume that to achieve meaningful and coherent perception, the human brain must anticipate upcoming stimulation. But how are upcoming stimuli predicted in the brain? We unmasked the neural representation of a prediction by omitting the predicted sensory input. Electrophysiological brain signals showed that when a clear prediction can be formulated, the brain activates a template of its response to the predicted stimulus before it arrives to our senses.
Lack of sugar discrimination by human Pol   requires a single glycine residue (2003)

DNA polymerase mu (Pol mu) is a novel family X DNA polymerase that has been suggested to play a role in micro-homology mediated joining and repair of double strand breaks. We show here that human Pol mu is not able to discriminate against the 2'-OH group of the sugar moiety. It inserts rNTPs with an efficiency that is <10-fold lower than that of dNTPs, in sharp contrast with the >1000-fold discrimination characteristic of most DNA-dependent DNA polymerases. The lack of sugar discrimination by Pol mu is demonstrated by its ability to add rNTPs to both DNA and RNA primer strands, and to insert both deoxy- and ribonucleotides on growing nucleic acid chains. 3D-modelling of human Pol mu based on the available Pol beta and TdT structural information allowed us to predict candidate residues involved in sugar discrimination. Thus, a single amino acid substitution in which Gly433 residue of Pol mu was mutated to the consensus tyrosine present in Pol beta, produced a strong increase in the discrimination against ribonucleotides. The unusual capacity to insert both rNTPs and dNTPs will be discussed in the context of the predicted roles of Pol mu in DNA repair.
Distribution of pheophorbide A in normal tissues and in an experimental pancreatic cancer in rats. (1993)

The in vivo administration and distribution of a potent new photosensitizer, pheophorbide A (PH-A), was investigated in rats. The spectral characteristics were determined. This hydrophobic compound was solubilized by an ethanol/phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) mixture (v/v) and sonicated immediately before i.v. administration. Tissue distribution and the affinity of PH-A for an acinar pancreatic tumor were determined in Lewis rats for up to 48 h after a single i.v. administration of 3 mg kg-1 body wt. Methanol-extracted PH-A was quantitatively determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry at 665.6 nm. The PH-A uptake pattern showed that the reticulo-endothelial system is the major target of PH-A, followed by the gut and then the lung and pancreas. PH-A concentrations in skin were very low. The presence of an enterohepatic cycle was suggested by the PH-A biliary output, intestinal uptake and blood concentrations. Tumor PH-A retention was longer than pancreatic retention. The ratio of tumoral to peri-tumoral pancreas PH-A was 6.7:1, 24 h after i.v. administration. With its similar tissue pattern, better absorption spectrum and lower skin toxicity, PH-A could be a more potent photosensitizer than hematoporphyrin derivatives.
Crude Oils: Their Sampling, Analysis, and Evaluation (2010)

This one-of-a-kind, comprehensive manual covers a combination of subject materials related to crude oil sampling, quality determination, and evaluation. It provides detailed assessment of the test methods available and offers a broad scope of information
Palm-line detection (2005)

Palm lines, which consist of principal lines and wrinkles, are stable and essential traits for palmprint-based individual identification and can be extracted in low-resolution images. However, the research on palm-line detection has done little. Due to special properties of palmprint, in addition to the structure feature, width of the palm-line, which generally reflects strength information, is important to identify palms especially when various palmprints have similar structures. In this paper, a palm-line detection approach is proposed to simultaneously extract structure and strength features of palm lines by minimizing a local image area which is of similar brightness to each individual pixel. The presented method has been tested on the PolyU palmprint database and compared with the canny edge detector and SUSAN edge finder. Experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.
A predictive online path planning and optimization approach for cooperative mobile service robot navigation in industrial applications (2017)

In this paper we address the problem of online trajectory optimization and cooperative collision avoidance when multiple mobile service robots are operating in close proximity to each other. Using cooperative trajectory optimization to obtain smooth transitions in multi-agent path crossing scenarios applies to the demand for more flexibility and efficiency in industrial autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) systems. We introduce a general approach for online trajectory optimization in dynamic environments. It involves an elastic-band based method for time-dependent obstacle avoidance combined with a model predictive trajectory planner that takes into account the robot's kinematic and kinodynamic constraints. We augment that planning approach to be able to cope with shared trajectories of other agents and perform an potential field based cooperative trajectory optimization. Performance and practical feasibility of the proposed approach are demonstrated in simulation as well as in real world experiments carried out on a representative set of path crossing scenarios with two industrial mobile service robots.
The role of osteoclasts and tumour-associated macrophages in osteosarcoma metastasis (2012)

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumour in the paediatric age group. Treatment-refractory pulmonary metastasis continues to be the major complication of OS, reducing the 5-year survival rate for these patients to 10-20%. The mechanisms underlying the metastatic process in OS are still unclear, but undoubtedly, a greater understanding of the factors and interactions involved in its regulation will open new and much needed opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Recent published data have identified a new role for bone-specific macrophages (osteoclasts) and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), in OS metastasis. In this review we discuss the contribution of TAMs and osteoclasts in the establishment and maintenance of secondary metastatic lesions, and their novel role in the prevention of metastatic disease in a primary bone cancer such as osteosarcoma.
Relative Importance of Evaluation Criteria for Enterprise Systems: A Conjoint Study (2006)

While a large body of research exists on the development and implementation of software, organizations are increasingly acquiring enterprise software packages (e.g., ERP systems) instead of custom developing their own software applications. To be competitive in the marketplace, software package development firms must manage the three-pronged tradeoff between cost, quality, functionality. Surprisingly, prior research has made little attempt to investigate the characteristics of packaged software that influence MIS managers' willingness to recommend purchase. As a result, both the criteria by which MIS managers evaluate prospective packaged systems and the attributes that lead to commercially competitive ERP software products are poorly understood. This paper examines this understudied issue through a conjoint study. We focus on enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, which are among the largest and most complex packaged systems that are purchased by organizations. In a conjoint study, 1,008 evaluation decisions based on hypothetical ERP software package profiles were completed by managers in 126 organizations. The study represents the first empirical investigation of the relative importance that managers ascribe to various factors that are believed to be important in evaluating packaged software. The results provide important insights for both organizations that acquire such systems and those that develop them. The results show that functionality, reliability, cost, ease-of-use, and ease-of-customization are judged to be important criteria, while ease-of-implementation and vendor reputation were not found to be significant. Functionality and reliability were found to be the most heavily weighted factors. We conclude the paper with a detailed discussion of the results and their implications for software acquisition and development practice.
Learn What Not to Learn: Action Elimination with Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Learning how to act when there are many available actions in each state is a challenging task for Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents, especially when many of the actions are redundant or irrelevant. In such cases, it is sometimes easier to learn which actions not to take. In this work, we propose the Action-Elimination Deep Q-Network (AE-DQN) architecture that combines a Deep RL algorithm with an Action Elimination Network (AEN) that eliminates sub-optimal actions. The AEN is trained to predict invalid actions, supervised by an external elimination signal provided by the environment. Simulations demonstrate a considerable speedup and added robustness over vanilla DQN in text-based games with over a thousand discrete actions.
Source‐Sink Population Dynamics may Complicate the Interpretation of Long‐ Term Census Data (1996)

We examined the reproductive success and long—term population dynamics of Neotropical migrant birds in the fragmented landscapes of Illinois. Our primary objective was to assess whether annual variation in abundances and persistence of populations within woodlots was related to variation in reproductive success. Nesting success of migrants was so low in the woodlots where we sampled that it is unlikely that these populations are self—sustaining. Moreover, populations frequently disappear from and recolonize these woodlots. These data suggest that the source—sink metaphor for population dynamics within spatially structured populations is applicable to migratory birds in Illinois. The scale of this dynamic is unknown, but may be regional (i.e., midwestern U.S.). An important implication of this result is that census data must be interpreted carefully. For one woodlot, we detected no systematic trend in the overall abundances of migratory birds over much of the 20th century. Yet the viability of populations within that woodlot likely decreased dramatically over that time owing to increasing rates of nest predation and brood parasitism. Lack of data on dispersal is a major gap in understanding the population dynamics of Neotropical migrants and prescribing effective conservation measures.
Signs: Increasing Expression and Clarity in Instant Messaging (2009)

Despite its vast popularity, commercial instant messaging has changed little in the past 15 years. Conversations are linear, immutable, and susceptible to errors in turn-taking and referent resolution. Problems of coherency occur with high frequency, yet no chat client design has emerged that is sufficiently successful to alleviate problems in discourse to achieve commercial adaption. We present Signs, our contribution of an instant messaging design philosophy and implementation. We aim to reduce confusion while increasing expressive power. Signs allows the mutation of persistent discussion spaces as a means for novel communicative acts in addition to repair of sequencing problems. This paper addresses the theory behind Signs, our specific design choices, and feedback from a brief user study.
Virtual water quality tests with an electronic tongue (2002)

The concept of the "electronic tongue" has been used in some experiments to establish the needs of fast and virtual monitoring of aqueous samples, e.g., in the monitoring of drinking water quality. More specifically, the performance of a proposed multi-electrode sensor system, used for voltammetric analysis of aqueous samples, is described. It is, for example, shown how such an "electronic tongue" can be used to monitor the quality of water in a production plant for drinking water. It is pointed out that conventional techniques often determine single concentration of the measured test while in many areas of measurement technology the methodology to extract adequate information from the environment, e.g., the electronic tongue, makes a total water quality estimate based on predetermined constraints extracted from complicated pattern structures. In this approach, experiments are conducted using an electronic tongue to virtually monitor the drinking water quality, measured from the raw water in the river to the tap water of the consumer. It can be shown that a system based on the proposed multi-electrode virtual sensor system is able to detect water quality changes. In these experiments, with the use of signal analysis and statistical multivariate methods we are able to estimate the water quality.
Immunocytochemical demonstration of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-glucosidase in the brush border of human intestinal epithelial cells. (1988)

In investigations on the intracellular transport route(s) of lysosomal enzymes in polarized epithelial cells, we used immunocytochemical methods to localize lysosomal alpha-glucosidase in human small-intestinal epithelial cells. Two monoclonal antibodies which can discriminate between different biosynthetic forms of this enzyme were used. One monoclonal antibody, 43D1, which recognizes all forms of the enzyme, showed labeling of the Golgi apparatus, the lysosomes and, unexpectedly, of the brush border of the cells. Multivesicular bodies were free of label. In contrast, monoclonal antibody 43G8, which recognizes all forms except the 110,000 Da precursor of alpha-glucosidase, showed labeling of the lysosomes only. This leads us to conclude that the 110,000 Da precursor form of alpha-glucosidase is present in the Golgi apparatus and the brush border of human small-intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, biochemical experiments show that this precursor copurifies with sucrase, a typical brush-border marker, when a partially purified microvilli fraction is prepared.
Analysis of a very large web search engine query log (1999)

In this paper we present an analysis of an AltaVista Search Engine query log consisting of approximately 1 billion entries for search requests over a period of six weeks. This represents almost 285 million user sessions, each an attempt to fill a single information need. We present an analysis of individual queries, query duplication, and query sessions. We also present results of a correlation analysis of the log entries, studying the interaction of terms within queries. Our data supports the conjecture that web users differ significantly from the user assumed in the standard information retrieval literature. Specifically, we show that web users type in short queries, mostly look at the first 10 results only, and seldom modify the query. This suggests that traditional information retrieval techniques may not work well for answering web search requests. The correlation analysis showed that the most highly correlated items are constituents of phrases. This result indicates it may be useful for search engines to consider search terms as parts of phrases even if the user did not explicitly specify them as such.
Temporal Data Mining in Dynamic Feature Spaces (2006)

Many interesting real-world applications for temporal data mining are hindered by concept drift. One particular form of concept drift is characterized by changes to the underlying feature space. Seemingly little has been done in this area. This paper presents FAE, an incremental ensemble approach to mining data subject to such concept drift. Empirical results on large data streams demonstrate promise.
On an Automatic Simulation Environment Customizing Services for Cloud Simulation Center (2010)

Simulation plays an important role in both academic research and industrial development and manufactory. The users' requirements for simulation are often complex and diverse. It is time consuming and error-prone for users to build different simulation environments manually to conduct their simulation tasks. An Automatic Simulation Environment Customizing Service for Cloud Simulation Center is presented in this paper to address this problem. The service offers an automatic simulation environment that can customize and configure service requirements of simulation users with high efficiency, flexibility and agility. The system is capable of processing diversified requests dynamically and responding the requests in real-time. The operation and experiments on the prototype system operation and experiment show higher availability, flexibility, and reusability of our method than the traditional simulation environment customizing method.