gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chest Physiotherapy Techniques Used in Neonatal & Paediatric Intensive Care Units in Punjab (2014)

The purpose of this study was to observe the common chest physiotherapy techniques (CPT) used by physiotherapists in Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care Units (NICU &PICU) in the hospitals located in Punjab. The design of the study was exploratory cross sectional survey. Data was collected with the help of standardised questionnaire, which was sent to one hundred thirty therapists who worked in thirty eight different hospitals in Punjab and these hospitals have claimed physiotherapy facilities in their NICU and PICU premises. A period of two weeks was given to the therapists for the completion of questionnaire. If the therapists were not able to send the filled questionnaire within two weeks, then a reminder call was given to them for the next two consecutive weeks. It was found that only eighty-four (i.e. 64.61%) completed questionnaires was received from the twenty five hospitals. It was concluded that percussion, vibration, suctioning, positioning, breathing exercises of CPT techniques were commonly practised in both PICU and NICU.
Rotational cross-shaped magnetized radio-frequency sputtering plasma source for uniform circular target utilization (2017)

A rotational cross-shaped magnetized radio-frequency (RF) sputtering plasma source was developed for uniform circular target utilization. The cross-shaped magnetized RF plasma was attained by inducing a linear E × Br drift motion using a cruciform arrangement of neodymium magnets, where E and Br are the electric field perpendicular and magnetic field parallel to the target, respectively. A two-dimensional magnetic field simulation clarified that the electrons are strongly magnetized by the Hall parameter at a magnitude 20 times that of the ions. Strong cross-shaped plasma discharges are observed. The temporal evolutions of the ion saturation current were measured by a Langmuir probe at various radial positions, and the time-averaged ion saturation current was found to decrease from the center to the outer area of the target. The target utilization percentage was found to increase from 73.6% to 86.3% when Fe pole pieces were incorporated on the cruciform arrangement of neodymium magnets.
Hydroxyl Group Tolerated Polymerization of N-Substituted Glycine <i>N</i>-Thiocarboxyanhydride Mediated by Aminoalcohols: A Simple Way to α-Hydroxyl-ω-aminotelechelic Polypeptoids (2017)

N-Carboxyanhydride (NCA) polymerization cannot tolerate nucleophilic groups that have the ability of initiation, e.g., hydroxyl group. In contrast, N-thiocarboxyanhydride (NTA) is a much more stable monomer to tolerate them. In this contribution, we investigate aminoalcohols including 2-amino-1-ethanol (AE), 3-amino-1-propanol (AP), 4-aminomethylbenzyl alcohol (AMB), 6-amino-1-hexanol (AH), and 12-amino-1-dodecanol (AD) as initiators for ring-opening polymerization of N-substituted glycine N-thiocarboxyanhydride (NNTA) to prepare α-hydroxyl-ω-aminotelechelic water-soluble polypeptoids. Hydroxyl groups of AE, AP, and AMB are activated by hydrogen bonding with amino groups, which results in a mixture of α,ω-diaminotelechelic and α-hydroxyl-ω-aminotelechelic polypeptoids confirmed by 1H NMR, MALDI-ToF, and SEC measurements. Pure α-hydroxyl-ω-aminotelechelic polypeptoids are synthesized for the first time initiated by AH and AD with controlled molecular weights (1.3–12.4 kg/mol) and low polydispersity indices (<1.30). Hydroxyl groups in AH and AD remain inactive to generate hydrogen bonding due to the long distance from amino groups. Water-soluble polypeptoids with special functional end groups are attractive alternatives of PEG for their nontoxicity and biocompatibility having great potential in biomedical applications.
Accumulation of defective viral genomes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals (1997)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genomes present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of infected persons or in lymphocytes infected in vitro were studied by long-distance PCR (LD-PCR) using primers localized in the HIV-1 long terminal repeats. The full-length 9-kb DNA was the only LD-PCR product obtained in peripheral and cord blood lymphocytes from seronegative donors infected in vitro. However, a high proportion (27% to 66%) of distinct populations of extensively deleted HIV-1 genomes of variable size was detected in PBMCs of 15 of 16 HIV-1-infected persons. Physical mapping of defective genomes showed that the frequency of deletions is proportional to their proximity to the central part of HIV-1 genome, which is consistent with a deletion mechanism involving a single polymerase jump during reverse transcription. Sequencing of deletion junctions revealed the presence of short direct repeats of three or four nucleotides. The number of defective HIV-1 genomes decreased after in vitro activation of PBMCs. Persistence of full-length and deleted genomes in in vitro activated PBMCs correlated with isolation of an infectious virus. Our results represent the first quantitative assessment of intragenomic rearrangements in HIV-1 genomes in PBMCs of infected persons and demonstrate that, in contrast to in vitro infection, defective genomes accumulate in PBMCs of infected persons.
Digital ulcers in scleroderma: staging, characteristics and sub-setting through observation of 1614 digital lesions (2010)

In SSc, digital lesions are represented by DPS, DU, calcinosis and gangrene, and provide an evidence-based DU subsetting according to their origin and main characteristics. Subsetting may be helpful for a precise DU evaluation and staging, and in randomized controlled trials for a precise identification of those DUs that are to be included in therapeutic studies.
Identification of differentially expressed genes in breast cancer (1996)

A number of genes differentially expressed in breast cancer were isolated using a subtractive cloning technique. DNA sequence analysis and GenBank searches of T4F10, T2H7, and T2E5 cDNA clones found them to be identical with E2A, MSS1, and SEC13R genes. Their expression in a variety of primary breast tumor and cancer cell lines was compared with c-ERB-B2 and pS2 by Northern blot analysis. In breast cancer cell lines, the genes that we isolated are more frequently expressed than the previously described c-ERB-B2 and pS2.
Antiarrhythmic Surgery for Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation - New Concepts (1999)

Curative treatment of atrial fibrillation is one of the main challenges of todays electrophysiology. The ideal treatment strategy should be effective, safe, and easy to apply to allow a widespread use. In addition, curative treatment should not only aim on the restoration of sinus rhythm but also restore mechanical atrial function to improve hemodynamics thereby avoiding anticoagulation. With respect to percutaneous catheter ablation no treatment concept with proven efficiency to cure chronic permanent atrial fibrillation is currently available. Surgical techniques such as the Corridor operation and the left atrial isolation procedure have been shown to effectively store sinus rhythm but these procedures do not restore biatrial transport function. Cox's Maze procedure is highly effective, however, it is an extensive and very time consuming technique which precludes the widespread application of this operation. Thus, new intraoperative treatment concepts are currently under intense clinical investigation. Most new concepts aim on the application of contiguous radiofrequency-induced lesion lines in the atria. Some of the new treatment strategies are based on the replacement of the surgical incisions of the Maze procedure using inrtraoperative radiofrequency coagulation thereby preventing functional determined reentrant circuits. Other new concepts aim on the induction of contiguous atrial lesion lines to eliminate anatomical determined atrial reentrant circuits. The main advantage of these new concepts when compared to the Maze procedure is a significantly shorter treatment time of approximately 20 minutes. In addition, some treatment strategies can also be applied in conjunction with minimally invasive cardiac surgery. The initial results reported with application of new treatment concepts indicate that approximately 60-80% of patients operated on can be cured from atrial fibrillation. Randomised studies with these new treatment strategies are necessary to validate the results and to outline which treatment concept may prove superior to others. Based on the progress made, it can be expected that intraoperative ablation of chronic permanent atrial fibrillation will become an important curative treatment strategy.
Quality of life in people with insomnia. (1999)

The results of this study indicate that significant QoL impairments are associated with insomnia.
Obesity and Fatty Pancreatic Infiltration Are Risk Factors for Pancreatic Precancerous Lesions (PanIN) (2015)

Obesity (especially android obesity) and pancreatic fatty infiltration are risk factors for pancreatic precancerous lesions.
ATPase Mechanism of Eg5 in the Absence of Microtubules:  Insight into Microtubule Activation and Allosteric Inhibition by Monastrol (2005)

The ATPase mechanism of kinesin superfamily members in the absence of microtubules remains largely uncharacterized. We have adopted a strategy to purify monomeric human Eg5 (HsKSP/Kinesin-5) in the nucleotide-free state (apoEg5) in order to perform a detailed transient state kinetic analysis. We have used steady-state and presteady-state kinetics to define the minimal ATPase mechanism for apoEg5 in the absence and presence of the Eg5-specific inhibitor, monastrol. ATP and ADP binding both occur via a two-step process with the isomerization of the collision complex limiting each forward reaction. ATP hydrolysis and phosphate product release are rapid steps in the mechanism, and the observed rate of these steps is limited by the relatively slow isomerization of the Eg5-ATP collision complex. A conformational change coupled to ADP release is the rate-limiting step in the pathway. We propose that the microtubule amplifies and accelerates the structural transitions needed to form the ATP hydrolysis competent state and for rapid ADP release, thus stimulating ATP turnover and increasing enzymatic efficiency. Monastrol appears to bind weakly to the Eg5-ATP collision complex, but after tight ATP binding, the affinity for monastrol increases, thus inhibiting the conformational change required for ADP product release. Taken together, we hypothesize that loop L5 of Eg5 undergoes an "open" to "closed" structural transition that correlates with the rearrangements of the switch-1 and switch-2 regions at the active site during the ATPase cycle.
Gastrectomy, peritonectomy, and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy: The evolution of treatment strategies for advanced gastric cancer (2003)

Gastric cancer disseminates by hematogenous, lymphatic, and transcoelomic routes. For maximal containment of the malignant process, perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy is necessary in two groups of patients in whom the primary cancer can be resected. Those patients who have been resected for cure and have a high likelihood of microscopic residual disease require intraperitoneal chemotherapy. This includes all T3 and T4 patients, and patients with N2 nodes present. A series of randomized and nonrandomized clinical studies have established the benefits of perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in this group of patients. Patients with stage IV disease who are able to undergo a palliative resection require these treatments if peritoneal seeding is observed. Systemic chemotherapy is largely ineffective for peritoneal seeding, while intraperitoneal chemotherapy is most likely to produce a response with small volume, surgically debulked carcinomatosis. In addition, intraperitoneal chemotherapy can eliminate the future development of debilitating ascites. Sufficient data are available from the gastric cancer literature to support the use of these combined treatments on a routine basis if the primary cancer is resectable and gastrointestinal function can be reestablished.
A locally adaptive CMOS image sensor with 90 dB dynamic range (2003)

An integrated 128/spl times/128 CMOS image sensor with programmable diffusion kernel for local brightness adaptation and contrast enhancement achieves local brightness adaptation by dividing each individual pixel photocurrent by the average photocurrent of the corresponding kernel. The chip is realized in 1 /spl mu/m standard CMOS. Pixel pitch is 47 /spl mu/m and total chip area is 86.4 mm/sup 2/. Power dissipation is 20 mW at 5 V power supply. The maximum clock frequency is around 4 MHz allowing 240 frames/s frame rate and 90 dB dynamic range with 35 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR). The size of the adaptation kernel is 3 b programmable.
En memoria de Jacques-Louis Lions (2002)

Mis primeros recuerdos del Profesor Lions se remontan a finales de 1979. Naturalmente, habia oido hablar mucho de el y conocia con cierto detalle lo que habia sido su trayectoria cientifica hasta ese momento. Ademas, varios companeros algo mayores que yo habian tenido la ocasion de conocerle personalmente en Sevilla, en unas Jornadas organizadas por el Profesor Antonio Valle en 1976. Uno de ellos, Jose Real, me habia dicho de el y de su charla algo que recuerdo muy bien:
The Human TAZ Gene Complements Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Yeast taz1Δ Mutant (2004)

Barth syndrome is a genetic disorder that is caused by different mutations in the TAZ gene G4.5. The yeast gene TAZ1 is highly homologous to human TAZ, and the taz1Delta mutant has phospholipid defects similar to those observed in Barth syndrome cells, including aberrant cardiolipin species and decreased cardiolipin levels. Subcellular fractionation studies revealed that Taz1p is localized exclusively in mitochondria, which supports the theory that tafazzins are involved in cardiolipin remodeling. Because cardiolipin plays an important role in respiratory function, we measured the energy transformation and osmotic properties of isolated mitochondria from the taz1Delta mutant. Energy coupling in taz1Delta mitochondria was dependent on the rate of oxidative phosphorylation, as coupling was diminished when NADH was used as a respiratory substrate but was unaffected when ethanol was the substrate. Membrane stability was compromised in taz1Delta mitochondria exposed to increased temperature and hypotonic conditions. Mitochondria from taz1Delta also displayed decreased swelling in response to ATP, which induces the yeast mitochondrial unspecific channel, and to alamethicin, a membrane-disrupting agent. Coupling was measured in taz1Delta cells containing different splice variants of the human TAZ gene. Only the variant that restores wild type cardiolipin synthesis (lacking exon 5) restored coupling in hypotonic conditions and at elevated temperature. These findings may shed light on the mitochondrial deficiencies observed in Barth syndrome.
Use of post-growth control of the quantum-well band edge for optimized widely-tunable laser-x devices (2003)

Quantum-well intermixing was used to fabricate widely-tunable multi-section MQW lasers with integrated electro-absorption device. We present the DC extinction characteristics of the intermixed material over several wavelengths.
Discerning Threats and Opportunities (1988)

Support for this research was provided by New York University's Center for Entrepreneurial Studies. The authors thank James W. Dean, Jr., Janet Dukerich, William D. Guth, Ian C. MacMillan, Gerald R. Salancik, Charles Stubbart, and three anonymous ASQ reviewers for their valuable assistance and comments. This paper presents the results of two studies designed to investigate the characteristics of the concepts of threat and opportunity used by organizational decision makers to describe and understand issues. The first study identified the issue characteristics that managers associate with the concepts of threat and opportunity, and the second used an experimental design to demonstrate that the characteristics of issues lead to their being perceived as threats or opportunities. The results suggest the presence of a threat bias, which results in managers being more sensitive to issue characteristics associated with threats than to those associated with opportunities. The implications of the results for understanding how threats and opportunities are identified are discussed, and future research directions are indicated.'
Wide Air Gap and Large-Scale Bearingless Segment Motor With Six Stator Elements (2010)

In recent years, the demand for high purity spinning processes has been growing in certain industry branches, such as the semiconductor, biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and chemical industry. Therefore, the cleanness specifications have been tightened, and hermetically sealed process chambers are preferred. This paper presents an advantageous solution for such an application featuring a large scale, wide air gap, and a high accelerating bearingless segment motor. Bearingless slice motors allow complete magnetic levitation in combination with a very compact and economic design. The disc-shaped rotor holds permanent magnets generating magnetic flux in the air gap. Hence, three degrees of freedom are passively stabilized by reluctance forces. Thus, only the radial rotor position and the rotor angle have to be controlled actively. The announced bearingless segment motor is a subtype of the bearingless slice motor, featuring separate independent stator elements. This leads to a reduction of stator iron, cost, and weight and, in addition, leaves space for sensors and electronics enabling a very compact system design.
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors Interfere With Angiogenesis by Inhibiting the Geranylgeranylation of RhoA (2002)

Angiogenesis is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis and in the treatment of coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Here, cholesterol-lowering agents, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, are shown to interfere with angiogenesis. In vivo, the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin dose-dependently inhibited capillary growth in both vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated chick chorioallantoic membranes and basic fibroblast growth factor-stimulated mouse corneas. In vitro, the development of tubelike structures by human microvascular endothelial cells cultured on 3D collagen gels was inhibited at simvastatin concentrations similar to those found in the serum of patients on therapeutic doses of this agent. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors interfered with angiogenesis via inhibition of the geranylgeranylation and membrane localization of RhoA. Simvastatin inhibited membrane localization of RhoA with a concentration dependence similar to that for the inhibition of tube formation, whereas geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, the substrate for the geranylgeranylation of Rho, reversed the effect of simvastatin on tube formation and on the membrane localization of RhoA. Furthermore, tube formation was inhibited by GGTI, a specific inhibitor of the geranylgeranylation of Rho; by C3 exotoxin, which inactivates Rho; and by the adenoviral expression of a dominant-negative RhoA mutant. The expression of a dominant-activating RhoA mutant reversed the effect of simvastatin on tube formation. Finally, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors inhibited signaling by vascular endothelial growth factor, Akt, and focal adhesion kinase, three RhoA-dependent pathways known to be involved in angiogenesis. This study demonstrates a new relationship between lipid metabolism and angiogenesis and an antiangiogenic effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors with possible important therapeutic implications.
Platelet glycoprotein polymorphisms as risk factors for thrombosis (2000)

Both blood platelets and genetics contribute to the development of acute ischemic arterial diseases. A careful analysis of the various clinical association studies supports a modest increased risk for coronary artery disease events in carriers of the PIA2 polymorphism of GPIIIa. Investigations with both platelets and stable cells lines have shown the PIA2 polymorphism is prothrombotic. Only a handful of studies have been performed for platelet GPla (integrin alpha2) and GPIb-IX-V, but there is support for the 807 T/C polymorphism of GPIa and the met145 and VNTR B/C genotype of GPIbalpha as risk factors in younger age groups. And isolated reports suggest other platelet polymorphisms (GPIIb, FcgammaRIIa, P-selectin, alpha2 adrenergic receptor, transforming growth factor [TGF]beta) are risk factors for arterial disease or produce a prothrombotic phenotype. Platelet glycoprotein polymorphisms should be added to the list of genetic risk factors for arterial thrombosis, particularly in younger patients and women.
Nano/Microstructure Fabrication of Functional Organic Material: Polymorphic Structure and Tunable Luminescence (2010)

Nano/microstructure fabrication of 2-cyano-3(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl) acrylic acid (CDPA), an organic optoelectronic material, via a simple reprecipitation method produces particles with a different morphology, phase, and structure and a tailored luminescence. Spherical amorphous, diamond, and multifaceted microcrystals of CDPA were obtained by optimizing the fabrication conditions. CDPA with rod-like morphology was produced on the introduction of polymer additives to the growth solution. A polymorph of CDPA, not observed in the usual solution crystallization process, was obtained as 1D nanowires (200−400 nm (width) and 3−20 μm (length)). Powder X-ray diffraction and optical studies demonstrate the polymorphic structure of the nanowires. Scanning electron and confocal fluorescence microscopy, respectively, were used to demonstrate the different morphologies of fabricated nano/microstructures and the luminescence tuning (from 604 to 519 nm).
<i>C2</i>-Amidoglycosylation. Scope and Mechanism of Nitrogen Transfer (2002)

A one-pot C2-amidoglycosylation reaction for the synthesis of 2-N-acyl-2-deoxy-beta-pyranosides from glycals is described. Glycal donors activated by the reagent combination of thianthrene-5-oxide (11) and Tf2O, followed by treatment with an amide nucleophile and a glycosyl acceptor, lead to the formation of various C2-amidoglycoconjugates. Both the C2-nitrogen transfer and the glycosidic bond formation proceed stereoselectively, allowing for the introduction of both natural and nonnatural amide functionalities at C2 with concomitant anomeric bond formation in a one-pot procedure. Tracking of the reaction by low-temperature NMR spectroscopy employing 15N- and 18O-isotope labels suggests a mechanism involving the formation of the C2-sulfonium glycosyl imidate 39 as well as oxazoline 37 as key intermediates in this novel oxidative glycosylation process.
Sonochemical Preparation of Ultrafine Palladium Particles (1996)

Stable palladium particles were found to be readily prepared from aqueous solutions of palladium(II) chloride by ultrasonic irradiation (200 kHz, 6.0 W/cm2) in the presence of protective agents (RH). The average sizes of particles were 6 and 7.5 nm from solutions of 0.1 and 0.5 mM of Pd(II)-containing poly(vinylpyrrolidone), respectively. It is suggested that the main sonolytic reduction of Pd(II) takes place as shown in eqs 1−3: protective agents are subjected to pyrolysis at the interfacial region between cavitation bubbles and bulk solution, producing eventually reducing radicals, which may react with Pd(II) to form Pd(0).
Analysis of the polarization evolution in a ribbon cable using high-resolution coherent OFDR (2001)

Exploiting the inherent polarization dependence and good spatial resolution of optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR), the beatlength in a ribbon fiber can be straightforwardly measured. The results clearly show the different amount of polarization ordering for inner and outer ribbon fibers due to the stress-induced birefringence from the common outer coating.