gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals on the Surface of Ca–Al‐Layered Double Hydroxide (2010)

Highly crystalline Ca–Al layered double hydroxides (LDH) covered with needle‐like hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals was prepared from Ca–Al–Cl LDH by an alkaline treatment at 40°C using a Na 3 PO 4 solution at pH 9.0. The HA nanocrystals had lengths of 100–200 nm, widths of 30 nm, and were grown on the surface of hexagonal LDH plate crystals. A 80‐nm‐thick nanolayer was observed between the HA and LDH, and was found to contain calcium and phosphate, but no aluminum or chloride. This layer was initially formed by the anion exchange reaction of phosphate ions in solution with chloride ions in the LDH crystals. The LDH structure was retained during this reaction. The elution of calcium ions from the LDH basal layers initiated the precipitation of the HA crystals on the surface. The stability of LDH in hydrochloric acid (pH 3) was dramatically improved by the presence of the nanolayers. The LDH–HA nanocomposites are acid‐resistant and have potential in areas such as the sustainable removal of harmful anions and cations and as drug delivery carriers.
Automatic Control Of Neonatal Fractional Inspired Oxygen (2005)

This paper presents the practical application of a closed loop oxygen controller for the automatic control of supplemental oxygen to the newborn infant. Newborn infants who suffer from respiratory distress (RDS) typically yield fluctuating arterial oxygen pressures due to inherent respiratory variability. Continuous, automatic control of supplemental oxygen concentration (Fi02) yields a steady state level of arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2). Results from clinical studies indicate that closed loop control of oxygen more accurately maintains a desired arterial oxygen level than existing supplemental oxygen control techniques.
Nanotechnology Strategies To Advance Outcomes in Clinical Cancer Care (2017)

Ongoing research into the application of nanotechnology for cancer treatment and diagnosis has demonstrated its advantages within contemporary oncology as well as its intrinsic limitations. The National Cancer Institute publishes the Cancer Nanotechnology Plan every 5 years since 2005. The most recent iteration helped codify the ongoing basic and translational efforts of the field and displayed its breadth with several evolving areas. From merely a technological perspective, this field has seen tremendous growth and success. However, an incomplete understanding of human cancer biology persists relative to the application of nanoscale materials within contemporary oncology. As such, this review presents several evolving areas in cancer nanotechnology in order to identify key clinical and biological challenges that need to be addressed to improve patient outcomes. From this clinical perspective, a sampling of the nano-enabled solutions attempting to overcome barriers faced by traditional therapeutics and diagnostics in the clinical setting are discussed. Finally, a strategic outlook of the future is discussed to highlight the need for next-generation cancer nanotechnology tools designed to address critical gaps in clinical cancer care.
Prediction of Viable Tailings Disposal Methods (1984)

A sand-fines-water diagram is proposed to analyze and describe slurries composed of coarse and fine particulate matter. The diagram can be used to predict and plan disposal methods for slurried waste and dredged material. Syncrude Canada Ltd. is considering changing the nature of its tailings to material which consolidates more rapidly and can be disposed of in a smaller storage area. Properties and behaviour are used as an example. Boundaries between sedimentation and consolidation states, segregating and non-segregating mixtures, and fluid and solid states are shown.
Key Drivers of Energy and Cost Effi ciency in Autogenous/ Semi-Autogenous Grinding Circuits (2012)

In a recent publication (Bueno and Lane, 2011) the authors presented the analysis of a consolidated dataset composed by 137 autogenous/semi-autogenous grinding (AG/SAG) mill pilot trials. By comparing the measured data against theoretical specifi c energy consumption, the analysis indicated which circuit confi gurations were more or less energy effi cient. However, the analysis has also indicated that the energy effi ciency of each of the types of circuits vary signifi cantly. There are numerous factors that contribute to the variations of energy effi ciency of AG/SAG mill-based circuits, such as feed size distribution, recycle ratios and ore characteristics. In view of this, the present work accesses these factors individually and discusses what may lead a particular circuit confi guration to be more or less effi cient in terms of energy and costs.
Targeted α<sub>1A</sub>-Adrenergic Receptor Overexpression Induces Enhanced Cardiac Contractility but not Hypertrophy (2001)

Activation of the alpha(1A)-adrenergic receptor (alpha(1A)-AR)/Gq pathway has been implicated as a critical trigger for the development of cardiac hypertrophy. However, direct evidence from in vivo studies is still lacking. To address this issue, transgenic mice with cardiac-targeted overexpression of the alpha(1A)-AR (4- to 170-fold) were generated, using the rodent alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. Heterozygous animals displayed marked enhancement of cardiac contractility, evident from increases in dP/dt(max) (80%, P<0.0001), dP/dt(max)/LVP(inst) (76%, P<0.001), dP/dt(max):dP/dt(min) (104%, P<0.0001), and fractional shortening (33%, P<0.05). Moreover, changes in the dP/dt(max)-end-diastolic volume relationship provided load-independent evidence of a primary increase in contractility. Blood pressure and heart rate were largely unchanged, and there was a small increase in (-)norepinephrine-stimulated, but not basal, phospholipase C activity. Increased contractility was directly related to the level of receptor overexpression and could be completely reversed by acute alpha(1A)- but not beta-AR blockade. Despite the robust changes in contractility, transgenic animals displayed no morphological, histological, or echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. In addition, apart from an increase in atrial natriuretic factor mRNA, expression of other hypertrophy-associated genes was unchanged. To our knowledge, these data provide the first in vivo evidence for an inotropic action of the alpha(1A)-AR.
Static secondary ion mass spectrometry of polymer systems (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStatic secondary ion mass spectrometry of polymer systemsJoseph A. Gardella and David M. HerculesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 2, 226–232Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50052a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50052a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views251Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient geometrical simulation and virtual commissioning performed in stamping (2012)

In order to perform efficient geometrical simulation and virtual commissioning in stamping, three fields are investigated namely: simulation building time, collision detection time and optimization time. Hence, reducing time is the main theme of this paper. To reduce simulation building time and optimization time, an efficient stamping simulation model is built and tested. Collision detection time is examined by a relative motion method based on 3D to 2D geometrical collision detection. The presented results mean that simulation and virtual commissioning can be performed at least ten times faster compared to standard approaches.
Laplacian Pyramid Reconstruction and Refinement for Semantic Segmentation (2016)

CNN architectures have terrific recognition performance but rely on spatial pooling which makes it difficult to adapt them to tasks that require dense, pixel-accurate labeling. This paper makes two contributions: (1) We demonstrate that while the apparent spatial resolution of convolutional feature maps is low, the high-dimensional feature representation contains significant sub-pixel localization information. (2) We describe a multi-resolution reconstruction architecture based on a Laplacian pyramid that uses skip connections from higher resolution feature maps and multiplicative gating to successively refine segment boundaries reconstructed from lower-resolution maps. This approach yields state-of-the-art semantic segmentation results on the PASCAL VOC and Cityscapes segmentation benchmarks without resorting to more complex random-field inference or instance detection driven architectures.
METHOD TO DETERMINE FULL WORK OF FRACTURE FROM DISK SHAPED COMPACT TENSION TESTS ON HOT-MIX ASPHALT (2010)

Paper presented at the 29th Annual Southern African Transport Conference 16 - 19 August 2010 "Walk Together", CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa. ABSTRACT:
Methyl aminolaevulinate?photodynamic therapy: a review of clinical trials in the treatment of actinic keratoses and nonmelanoma skin cancer (2007)

Methyl aminolaevulinate-photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT) has advanced the management of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), providing a treatment option for actinic keratosis (AK), basal cell carcinoma [both superficial (sBCC) and nodular (nBCC)] and Bowen's disease, with good clinical outcomes, low recurrence rates and enhanced cosmetic acceptability. Excellent results have been reported, with complete responses (CRs) in AK ranging from 69% to 93% at 3 months; CRs in Bowen's disease are 93% at 3 months and 68% at 24 months. In sBCC, CRs range from 85% to 93% at 3 months and are comparable with cryosurgery up to 60 months (75% vs. 74%). In nBCC, CRs range from 75-82% at 3 months to 77% at 60 months. MAL-PDT specifically targets diseased cells, leaving healthy tissue unharmed. This noninvasive treatment option is associated with minimal risk of scarring. Moreover, systemic uptake of MAL is negligible and the local phototoxic reactions that often occur during treatment rapidly heal to produce excellent cosmetic results. The side-effects of therapy, which are predominantly local phototoxic effects (burning, stinging and prickling sensations), are of mild-to-moderate intensity, of short duration and easily managed. Overall, the efficacy and low risk of side-effects afforded by this therapy have resulted in high patient preference in clinical trials. The current evidence base for MAL-PDT in the treatment of AK and NMSC is reviewed in this article.
Scheimpflug photography keratometry readings for routine intraocular lens power calculation (2009)

The K values from Scheimpflug photography did not improve accuracy over autokeratometer values for routine IOL power calculation.
Immunogenicity of microbial peptides grafted in self immunoglobulin molecules. (1994)

The advent of genetic engineering has allowed for the expression and production of recombinant proteins carrying short immunogenic epitopes of foreign antigens. These antigenized molecules represent valuable tools to investigate the molecular basis of antigen fragmentation, generation and presentation of peptide to lymphocytes, the induction of epitope specific immunity and potentially the development of a new generation of vaccines. Recently, we expressed viral epitopes on immunoglobulin molecules by replacing the D segment of a variable region of the heavy chain (VH) gene with a B cell epitope from the V3-loop of HIV-1 envelope protein, as well as a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and a T helper epitope from influenza virus nucleoprotein and hemagglutinin, respectively. The T cell peptides generated from the immunoglobulin molecules produced by cells transfected with chimeric V genes, activated specific T cells as they do when generated from viral proteins. Possible practical applications for the development of prophylactic and immunotherapeutic reagents are envisioned for immunoglobulin molecules bearing foreign epitopes.
Reflector-less total station measurements and their accuracy, precision and reliability (2009)

Despite the vast technological advancements in equipment, the survey industry continues to struggle with the collection of data relating to inaccessible points. While the introduction of reflector‐less total stations has meant that inaccessible points can now be measured with relative ease, there are some questions as to the accuracy and reliability that can be achieved with such equipment.\nThe object of this study is to determine likely limits for reliability of reflector‐less instruments especially in relation to measurements with large angles of incidence, but also looking at the vagaries caused by differing materials and beam divergence. The study has been carried out in various locations using Trimble S6 and S8 reflector‐less total station equipment to a variety of surfaces materials and shapes.\nThis study suggests that angle of incidence of the measurement signal to the surface of the measured material has a large influence on the accuracy of that measurement. In the search for accurate survey results from inaccessible points, it becomes necessary to ensure that crucial\nmeasurements are checked as well as having a good understanding of reflector‐less instruments capabilities
A Smart Binaural Hearing Aid Architecture Based on a Mobile Computing Platform (2019)

This paper presents a new structure for hearing aids. Normally, the power consumption and user experience are contradictory. The proposed hearing aid structure mainly consists of three parts: the earpieces, the mobile computing platform, and the real-time speech-enhancement application. It can run complex algorithms without carrying out heavy calculations on the processors in the hearing aid. Thus, the binaural algorithm is utilized without being limited by complexity and power consumption to improve the user experience. Moreover, the speech-enhancement algorithm can be updated much more easily than in traditional built-in digital signal process hearing aids. A good level of user experience is achieved by combining the hearing aid and mobile computing platform with a 400-MHz transceiver; furthermore, the 400-MHz transceiver can reduce path loss around the body. The concept verification process showed that the overall usage of the central processing unit in the smartphone is around 16%, the signal-to-noise ratios show at least a 30% improvement in some environments, and the whole system delay is 8.8 ms. The presented objective and subjective results show significant improvements regarding user experience and usability brought about by the proposed structure.
Simulation and error analysis for a stereotactic pointing system (2003)

An analysis is presented of a six degree-of-freedom, three-link passive point device. The device is to be used in intracranial neurosurgery for the location of the present surgical position relative to targets of interest or concern. The primary design constraint was that the device was to have a Euclidean endpoint positional error of no greater than 1 mm across the entire volume of the surgical field. The error value was selected based on two concerns. The method of analysis consists of determining a desirable physical pointer configuration, solving the inverse kinematics equation using the Denevits-Hartenberg (D-H) parameters to obtain an analytic solution for each joint angle, and generating positional errors across the surgical volume. Modeling, error generation, and analysis were accomplished through integration of previously existing robotics simulation procedures (ROBOSIM), modified procedures, and original software.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermochemical properties of ammonium exchanged type L zeolite (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermochemical properties of ammonium exchanged type L zeoliteThomas J. Weeks Jr. and A. P. BoltonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1975, 79, 18, 1924–1929Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100585a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j100585a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Allosteric Modulation of PS1/γ-Secretase Conformation Correlates with Amyloid β42/40 Ratio (2009)

These results strongly support the hypothesis that allosteric changes in PS1 conformation underlie changes in the Abeta(42/40) ratio. Direct measurement of physiological and pathological changes in the conformation of PS1/gamma-secretase may provide insight into molecular mechanism of Abeta(42) generation, which could be exploited therapeutically.
The Crisis of 2007: The Same Old Story, Only the Players Have Changed (2009)

AbstractThe following sections are included:The CrisisA historical perspectiveDescriptive Evidence: The Credit CycleDescriptive Evidence: The Housing MarketThe Nonbank Financial Sector, Financial Innovation, and Financial CrisesInternational SpilloversPolicy LessonsReferences
Phase Correction of Interferograms Using Digital All-Pass Filters (2005)

A method for the phase correction of interferograms in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is presented. It is shown that phase error can be canceled to within an arbitrary angular precision by a low-order digital all-pass filter. Such a filter only modifies the phase of the Fourier transform of the interferogram and keeps the magnitude unchanged, like the Mertz method, for example. However, our method minimizes the asymmetric apodization that results in photometric errors when using the Mertz method alone. A practical example is provided in which phase correction over a frequency range of 800 cm(-1) to 4000 cm(-1) using a 9-pole all-pass filter resulted in a photometric error of <0.01%, much less than the 0.3% error of the Mertz method. An alternative and faster (approximately 100 ms) approach is to use an all-pass filter with lower angular precision followed by the Mertz method. Removing most of the phase error with the filter brings the interferogram to an optimal state so that the residual phase error can be completely removed with the Mertz procedure without introducing photometric error. The method can be used in most experiments, including emission spectroscopy, where conventional techniques are inadequate. A simple all-pass filter design algorithm is given.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio Measures Efficacy of Biological Computing Devices and Circuits (2015)

Engineering biological cells to perform computations has a broad range of important potential applications, including precision medical therapies, biosynthesis process control, and environmental sensing. Implementing predictable and effective computation, however, has been extremely difficult to date, due to a combination of poor composability of available parts and of insufficient characterization of parts and their interactions with the complex environment in which they operate. In this paper, the author argues that this situation can be improved by quantitative signal-to-noise analysis of the relationship between computational abstractions and the variation and uncertainty endemic in biological organisms. This analysis takes the form of a ΔSNRdB function for each computational device, which can be computed from measurements of a device's input/output curve and expression noise. These functions can then be combined to predict how well a circuit will implement an intended computation, as well as evaluating the general suitability of biological devices for engineering computational circuits. Applying signal-to-noise analysis to current repressor libraries shows that no library is currently sufficient for general circuit engineering, but also indicates key targets to remedy this situation and vastly improve the range of computations that can be used effectively in the implementation of biological applications.
N-Thiolated β-Lactams: Chemistry and Biology of a Novel Class of Antimicrobial Agents for MRSA (2003)

N-Methylthio beta-lactams represent a promising new family of antibacterial agents whose in vitro activity is confined largely to Staphylococcus species, including multidrug-resistant forms of S. aureus. Originally developed in the 1980's for use as synthetic intermediates, N-methylthio beta-lactams have recently been shown in these laboratories to possess intriguing biological properties which are addressed in Chapters I-IV. In terms of the antibacterial activities, the structural features and species specificities exhibited by these compounds are unlike those of any existing family of beta-lactam drugs. The lactams seem to exert their effects intracellularly, requiring passage of the bioactive species through the cellular membrane, rather than acting extracellularly on cell wall components in the manner of penicillin and related antibiotics. The lipophilic nature of these molecules, which lack the polar side chain functionality of all other microbially-active Beta-lactams, suggests the compounds do not target the penicillin binding proteins within bacterial membranes. The most active members of this Beta-lactam class appear to be those bearing an aryl (Ar) substituent at C4 of the ring. The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of these analogues is discussed in Chapter III. Moreover, microscopy and 3H pulse-labeling studies, which are described in Chapter IV, demonstrate that N-methylthio beta-lactams appear to be inhibitors of protein biosynthesis.