gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mild Dyslipidemia in Mice following Targeted Inactivation of the Hepatic Lipase Gene (1995)

In order to gain better understanding of the function of hepatic lipase (HL) in vivo, we have generated mice that lack HL using gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. No mRNA for HL was detected in the liver of homozygous mutants, and no HL activity was detected in their plasma. Total cholesterol levels in plasma of mutant mice were increased by about 30% compared with wild type animals. Plasma phospholipids and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were also increased, but plasma levels of triglycerides were not altered. Analysis of density fractions of plasma lipoproteins revealed that HDL1 (d = 1.02-1.04) was increased in homozygous mutants fed regular chow. In response to a diet containing high fat and high cholesterol, HDL cholesterol was doubled in the mutants, but was slightly decreased in the wild type mice. These results clearly demonstrate the importance of HL in HDL remodeling and metabolism in vivo. Various earlier studies suggested a role of HL in metabolism of triglyceride-rich particles, but the mutant mice appear to have no impairment in clearing them; the mutants clear exogenously introduced chylomicrons from plasma at a normal rate, and they tolerate acute fat loading as well as normal animals unless the loading is extreme. These differences may reflect species differences. However, it is also possible that the consequence of absence of HL as in our mutants is different from the consequence when nonfunctional HL protein is present as in the human HL-deficient patients and in rats treated with HL antibodies. We hypothesize that absence of HL in mutant mice allows other lipases to bind to the sites in the liver normally occupied by HL and facilitate the clearance of triglyceride-rich particles in these mice.
Influence of Essential and Fatty Oils on Ciliary Beat Frequency of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells (2008)

Except thyme oil and Miglyol 840, all tested oils caused an increase in CBF. Interestingly, the 0.2% concentrations of essential oils resulted in stronger effects when compared with the 2% concentrations.
Focal adhesion kinase: An essential kinase in the regulation of cardiovascular functions (2007)

Recent studies using animal models have demonstrated an important role for FAK in the cardiovascular system. In particular, FAK is essential for angiogenesis in the embryo, functions in heart development and modulates the response of cardiomyocytes to pressure overload in adult mice. FAK function at the cellular level is discussed to provide insight into the mechanisms regulating these biological events and the role of FAK in controlling endothelial junctions and responses to mechanical stimulation are discussed.
Effects of a gastric antisecretory-cytoprotectant 2-methyl-8-(phenylmethoxy)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-acetonitrile (Sch 28 080) on cysteamine, reserpine and stress ulcers in rats. (1984)

Prostaglandin E2 and carbenoxolone, putative cytoprotective agents, were tested in cysteamine, reserpine and stress ulcers in rats. In cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer, PGE2 was inactive at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg p.o.; carbenoxolone at 100 mg/kg p.o. decreased the incidence but not the severity of the ulcer. PGE2 at 5.0 mg/kg p.o. and carbenoxolone at 300 mg/kg p.o. showed moderate effects, but the dosage also inhibited cysteamine-stimulated acid secretion. PGE2 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg p.o.) was inactive and carbenoxolone (100 and 300 mg/kg p.o.) further aggravated the gastric ulceration caused by reserpine or cold-restraint stress. In contrast, atropine (3 and 10 mg/kg p.o.) and cimetidine (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg p.o.) were active in all three ulcer models. But the results with cimetidine in stress ulcer were somewhat variable. 2-methyl-8-(phenylmethoxy) imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine-3-acetonitrile (Sch 28 080), a novel structure with both cytoprotective and antisecretory activity, was highly efficacious in cysteamine, reserpine and stress ulcers (1-30 mg/kg p.o.), which was presumably adequately accounted for by its potent antisecretory activity. It is concluded that cysteamine, reserpine and stress ulcers may not be appropriate models for testing the potential antiulcer effect of primarily cytoprotective compounds.
The Potential of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing as a Treatment Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease (2018)

Despite a wealth of knowledge gained in the past three decades concerning the molecular underpinnings of Alzheimer's disease (AD), progress towards obtaining effective, disease modifying therapies has proven to be challenging. In this manner, numerous clinical trials targeting the production, aggregation, and toxicity of beta-amyloid, have failed to meet efficacy standards. This puts into question the beta-amyloid hypothesis and suggests that additional treatment strategies should be explored. The recent emergence of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing as a relatively straightforward, inexpensive, and precise system has led to an increased interest of applying this technique in AD. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing can be used as a direct treatment approach or to help establish better animal models that more faithfully mimic human neurodegenerative diseases. In this manner, this technique has already shown promise in other neurological disorders, such as Huntington's disease. The purpose of this review is to examine the potential utility of CRISPR/Cas9 as a treatment option for AD by targeting specific genes including those that cause early-onset AD, as well as those that are significant risk factors for late-onset AD such as the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) gene.
SMART High Precision: TREC 7. (1998)

The Smart information retrieval project emphasizes completely automatic approaches to the understanding and retrieval of large quantities of text. We continue our work in TREC 7, concentrating on high precision retrieval. In particular, we present an in-depth analysis of our High-Precision Track results, including offering evaluation approaches and measures for time dependent evaluation. We participated in the Query Track, making initial efforts at analyzing query variability, one of the major obstacles for improving retrieval effectiveness. Basic Indexing and Retrieval In the Smart system, the vector-processing model of retrieval is used to transform both the available information requests as well as the stored documents into vectors of the form: D i = (w i1 ; w i2 ; : : : ; w it ) where D i represents a document (or query) text and w ik is the weight of term T k in document D i . A weight of zero is used for terms that are absent from a particular document, and positive weights cha...
Atomic Hydrogen Maser (1960)

Received 16 September 1960DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.5.361©1960 American Physical Society
Evaluation of Benzobicyclon for use in Midsouthern Rice ( Oryza sativa) Systems (2017)

A new herbicide site of action (SOA) is needed by rice (Oryza sativa L.) producers in the Midsouth for the control of problematic and herbicide-resistant weeds. Currently, six problematic weeds are relevant to Midsouthern rice producers because of resistance to at least one SOA, if not more. Gowan Company is in the process of commercializing benzobicyclon for use in Midsouthern rice systems. Benzobicyclon, a Group 27 post-flood herbicide, controls a broad spectrum of aquatics, broadleaves, grasses, and sedges, including those currently resistant to Group 2 herbicides. This will be the first 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicide commercially available in US rice production. Since, benzobicyclon is still under development, it is important to evaluate this herbicide in a drill-seeded rice production system. Therefore, experiments were conducted across Arkansas to determine rice cultivar tolerance, weed spectrum controlled, rate optimization, compatible tank-mix partners, and rotational crop safety. It is recommended to apply benzobicyclon into a continuous flood system. Japonica cultivars exhibited excellent crop safety to benzobicyclon, while indica cultivars showed high levels of sensitivity to the herbicide. Benzobicyclon effectively controlled Amazon sprangletop (Leptochloa panicoides J. Presl), ducksalad (Heteranthera limosa Sw.), California arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia Willd.), indica rice, hemp sesbania (Sesbania herbacea Mill.), northern jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica L.), red sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis L.), rice flatsedge (Cyperus iria L.), and smallflower umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis L.). The efficacy and spectrum of control of benzobicyclon is increased when applied with tank-mix partners such as bispyribac, cyhalofop, halosulfuron, imazamox, penoxsulam, and propanil. Cotton, grain sorghum, soybean, and sunflower can safely be planted in rotation with a drill-seeded rice crop that has been treated with benzobicyclon post-flood without concerns of crop yield loss. The findings of this research suggest that benzobicyclon has a strong fit in midsouthern rice systems.
Evaluation of Lipid Oxidative Stress Status in Sjögren Syndrome Patients (2012)

Increase of the oxidative stress status in the conjunctiva of SS patients appears to have a role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease. A close relationship may exist between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation related membrane damage, and inflammatory processes in dry eye.
Effects of excess corticosterone on LKB1 and AMPK signaling in rat skeletal muscle (2009)

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by marked central obesity and insulin insensitivity, effects opposite those seen with chronic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. This study was designed to determine whether chronic exposure to excess glucocorticoids influences LKB1/AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle. Corticosterone pellets were implanted subcutaneously in rats (hypercorticosteronemia, Hypercort) for 2 wk. Controls were sham operated and fed ad libitum or were sham operated and food restricted (pair-weighted group, Pair) to produce body weights similar to Hypercort rats. At the end of the 2-wk treatment period, rats were anesthetized, and the right gastrocnemius-plantaris (gastroc) and soleus muscles were removed. Left muscles were removed after electrical stimulation for 5 min. No significant differences were noted between treatment groups in ATP, creatine phosphate, or LKB1 activity. The alpha- and beta-subunit isoforms were not significantly influenced in gastroc by corticosterone treatment. Expression of the gamma3-subunit decreased, and gamma1- and gamma2-subunit expression increased. Both alpha2-AMPK and alpha1-AMPK activities were increased in the gastroc in response to electrical stimulation, but the magnitude of the increase was less for alpha2 in the Hypercort rats. Despite elevated plasma insulin and elevated plasma leptin in the Hypercort rats, phosphorylation of TBC1D1 was lower in both resting and stimulated muscle compared with controls. Malonyl-CoA content was elevated in gastroc muscles of resting Hypercort rats. These changes in response to excess glucocorticoids could be responsible, in part, for the decrease in insulin sensitivity and adiposity seen in Cushing's syndrome.
Effects of nitric oxide-releasing aspirin versus aspirin on restenosis in hypercholesterolemic mice (2001)

Restenosis is due to neointimal hyperplasia, which occurs in the coronary artery after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). During restenosis, an impairment of nitric oxide (NO)-dependent pathways may occur. Concomitant hypercholesterolemia may exacerbate restenosis in patients undergoing PTCA. Here, we show that a NO-releasing aspirin derivative (NCX-4016) reduces the degree of restenosis after balloon angioplasty in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice and this effect is associated with reduced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and macrophage deposition at the site of injury. Drugs were administered following both therapeutic or preventive protocols. We demonstrate that NCX-4016 is effective both in prevention and treatment of restenosis in the presence of hypercholesterolemia. These data indicate that impairment of NO-dependent mechanisms may be involved in the development of restenosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. Although experimental models of restenosis may not reflect restenosis in humans in all details, we suggest that a NO-releasing aspirin derivative could be an effective drug in reducing restenosis following PTCA, especially in the presence of hypercholesterolemia and/or gastrointestinal damage.
Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances Among Young Adults in Three European Countries (1995)

The aim of this investigation was to study the geographic variation in sleep complaints and to identify risk factors for sleep disturbances in three European countries: Iceland (Reykjavik), Sweden (Uppsala and Göteborg) and Belgium (Antwerp). The study involved a random population of 2,202 subjects (age 20-45 years) who participated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. The subjects answered a questionnaire on sleep disturbances. Participants in Iceland and Sweden also estimated their sleep habits and sleep times during a period of 1 week in a sleep diary. Habitual (> or = 3/week) difficulties inducing sleep (DIS) were reported by 6-9% and early morning awakenings by 5-6% of the subjects. The estimated number of awakenings and the prevalence of nightmares was significantly lower in Reykjavik. Participants in Reykjavik went to bed at night and woke in the morning approximately 1 hour later than participants at the Swedish centers (p < 0.001). Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) were associated with DIS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7), nightmares (OR = 4.4), longer sleep latency and frequent nocturnal awakenings. Smoking correlated positively to DIS (OR = 1.8) and estimated sleep latency. We conclude that the prevalence of DIS was fairly similar at these four European centers but that there was a variation in the prevalence of nightmares and nocturnal awakenings. The significant correlation between reported GER and subjective quality of sleep should be followed up in studies using objective measurements.
Direct Detection and Coherent Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry With Golay Complementary Codes (2013)

We extend the Golay coded Optical Time Domain Reflectometry OTDR technique for the first time from direct-detection to coherent OTDR, investigating the unique issues arising in the coherent setting regarding signal processing operations and efficient real-time implementation of the DSP in practical coherent OTDR receivers and the resulting OTDR performance. We also derive detailed signal flow block diagrams for direct-detection and coherent OTDRs and use an intuitive analogy between spatial speckle and temporal coherent fading noise to guide the selection of OTDR system parameters. We present extensive simulations of the OTDR signal and noise flow accounting for all major effects including the optical source coherence and the backscatter random fading.
Dynamic processors demand dynamic operating systems (2010)

The rise of multicore processors has lead to techniques that dynamically vary the set and characteristics of cores or threads available to the operating system. For example, Core Fusion merges multiple cores for faster processing. While the mechanics of the change, such as merging two cores into a more powerful core, can be handled by a virtualization layer, operating systems still have an interest in the exact set of cores available. For example, the read-copy-update mechanism in Linux must contact all cores to complete an update. Thus, the OS must be informed when the set of CPUs changes. We demonstrate through an analysis of a recent Linux kernel that (i) there are over 15 subsystems- each subsystem can have multiple callbacks registered – that depend on knowing the set of cores, and (ii) the existing hotplug mechanism is poorly suited to handling dynamic processors due to its poor performance and scalability. Based on this analysis, we propose two mechanisms, processor proxies and parallel and deferred hotplug to provide low-latency reconfiguration. In initial experiments, we show that we can reduce the latency of reconfiguration in Linux by 95 percent. 1
Transformer-Based Doherty Power Amplifiers for mm-Wave Applications in 40-nm CMOS (2015)

This paper presents a power amplifier (PA) topology to improve the back-off efficiency and the linearity of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) PAs without area overhead. In this paper, an asymmetrical series power combiner with LC tuning circuits is proposed to mimic the Doherty operation. Due to high back-off efficiency and high linearity behavior, the proposed Doherty topology well suits for E-band communication applications. Two transformer-based E-band PAs are designed and measured to demonstrate the proposed mm-wave Doherty concept. The first implementation achieves 16.2-dBm output power with a P1dB of 15.2 dBm using a 0.9-V supply. The second implementation demonstrates 21-dBm output power with a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 13.6% at a 1.5-V supply. The PAE at 6-dB power back-off is still as high as 7%.
3D Models of glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein suggest challenges and opportunities for vaccine development (2021)

Here we have generated 3D structures of glycoforms of the spike (S) protein SARS-CoV-2, based on reported 3D structures for the S protein and on reported glycomics data for the protein produced in HEK293 cells. We also report structures for glycoforms that represent those present in the nascent glycoproteins (prior to enzymatic modifications in the Golgi and ER), as well as those that are commonly observed on antigens present in other viruses. These models were subjected to MD simulation to take into account protein and glycan plasticity, and to determine the extent to which glycan microheterogeneity impacts antigenicity. Lastly, we have identified peptides in the S protein that are likely to be presented in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complexes, and discuss the role of S protein glycosylation in potentially modulating the adaptive immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus or to a related vaccine.
Use of dielectrophoretic collection spectra for characterizing differences between normal and cancerous cells (1994)

An automated analysis system for the rapid measurement of dielectrophoretic collection spectra of mammalian cells is described. Cells are injected onto an electrode configuration having regions with different electric field gradients, and cell movement to or from these regions is determined by computerized image analysis as a function of the applied electric field frequency. Data are presented to show that cultured murine erythroleukemia cells undergo a significant alteration in their dielectrophoretic collection spectrum following treatment with hexamethylene bisacetamide or dimethylsulfoxide, agents that induce terminal differentiation in these otherwise malignant cells. These changes appear to arise from characteristic alterations in membrane capacitance and conductance as the cells differentiate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
From "Bent Pipes" to "Software Defined Payloads": Evolution and Trends of Satellite Communications Systems (2008)

The paper offers an analysis of recent trends in satellite communication payloads from a system perspective. A critical discussion of advanced payload architectures based on the exploitation of Software Defined Radio techniques and technologies is presented. Software Defined Payloads are envisioned as the next evolution step in the progress of satellite communications systems. low-Earth orbit, from where it delivered President Eisenhower's famous Christmas message 1 . In fifty years of satellite communications, on-board payloads experienced an extraordinary and continuous technical, architectural and technological evolution. Over these years, however, the role of satellites in telecommunications has changed substantially 2 . The first satellite communications systems were self-standing and autonomous, typically providing trunk links among a limited number of ground stations. We could say that these systems were very spacecraft-centered. In today's network-centric perspective, communications satellites are the elements of larger systems, or systems of systems, integrating a variety of network technologies. The technical challenge has been shifting from the compliance with multiple access, connectivity and throughput requirement to the achievement of improved payload flexibility, while minimizing complexity and cost. Flexibility features are needed not only to make satellite systems fully meshed with the global communications infrastructure, but also to adapt to unpredictable business conditions or to emergency situations.
Ensemble Decision Tree Classifier For Breast Cancer Data (2012)

Data mining is the process of analyzing large quantities of data and summarizing it into useful information. In medical diagnoses the role of data mining approaches increasing rapidly. Particularly Classification algorithms are very helpful in classifying the data, which is important in decision making process for medical practitioners. Further to enhance the classifier accuracy various pre-processing techniques and ensemble techniques were developed. In this study a hybrid approach, CART classifier with feature selection and bagging technique has been considered to evaluate the performance in terms of accuracy and time for classification of various breast cancer datasets.