gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aspects de l'embryogenèse somatique chez le mélèze (1990)

RésuméAu cours des toutes dernières années, de nombreux succès ont été enregistrés concernant l'embryogenèse somatique chez les conifères.Des cultures embryogènes de Larix decidua ont été établies sur un milieu comportant 10 mg.l−1 de 2,4-D et 5 mg.l−1 de kinétine et de BA. Ces cultures ont pour origine 2 cals caractéristiques constitués de cellules petites et denses et de cellules longues et vacuolées. Elles peuvent être maintenues plusieurs mois sur le même milieu sans régulateur de croissance.Des proembryons apparaissent sur le cal, à l'extrémité d'un faisceau de cellules allongées qui ressemblent à un suspenseur. Globulaires au début, ils développent progressivement un hypocotyle et des cotylédons. La culture à la lumière, ainsi que le remplacement de l'agar (6 g.l−1) par de lagelrite (4 g.l−1), augmentent le nombre d'embryons formés. De la même manière, l'addition en milieu liquide de PEG (100 à 200 g.l−1) accroît significativement le nombre d'embryons en maturation. Les embryons développés forment une racine et peuvent être transférés en conditions ex-vitro.
Parathyroid hormone modulates transforming growth factor beta activity and binding in osteoblast-enriched cell cultures from fetal rat parietal bone. (1988)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is produced by bone cells, is abundant in bone matrix, and regulates bone cell biochemical processes. In osteoblast-enriched fetal rat parietal bone cell cultures, low TGF-beta doses increase DNA synthesis, whereas higher levels are less mitogenic, stimulate collagen production, and decrease alkaline phosphatase activity. Parathyroid hormone by itself has minimal effects on these processes, but it opposes the effects of TGF-beta and alters TGF-beta binding to its receptors in osteoblast-enriched cultures. Some functions ascribed to parathyroid hormone in bone may therefore result from alterations in TGF-beta activity, suggesting that the local effects of TGF-beta in bone are under systemic hormonal control.
Vacuum Manipulation of Volatile Compounds (1949)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. T. Sanderson, J. D. Heldman; Vacuum Manipulation of Volatile Compounds. Am. J. Phys. 1 April 1949; 17 (4): 229. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1989564 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAmerican Association of Physics TeachersAmerican Journal of Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
New methods of operational interviewing: utilizing non-contact sensors (2005)

There is a critical need to conduct operational interviews in a wide range of interview and assessment situations, including conventional structured interviews as well as cases in which subjects are unconstrained. Current progress of three advanced prototype instrument development projects looking at non-contact sensing of human physiology to determine the veracity of human communications are presented. These include: 1) Thermal Facial Screening (TFS); 2) Turnkey Remote Assessment of Concealed Knowledge using Eye movement Recordings (TRACKER); and 3) Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV). Signals are measured with superior technical quality, in comparison to those obtained with conventional contact methods. Depending on the operational need and the specific context, these instruments can be used as stand-alone techniques or integrated into a multi-modal evaluation of human credibility. Thus, a comprehensive assessment using multiple physiological response systems is possible. A description each technique, the current state of these research efforts, and an overview of the potential for each of these emerging technologies will be provided.
Cerebellar atrophy on top of motor neuron compromise as indicator of late-onset GM2 gangliosidosis (2021)

Objective!#!Whether anti-seizure medication (ASM) increases the risk for cancer has been debated for decades. While for some ASM, a carcinoma-promoting effect has been suspected, carcinoma-protective effects have been shown for other ASM. However, the issue remains unresolved as data from preclinical and clinical studies have been inconsistent and contradictory.!##!Methods!#!We collected anonymous patient data from practice neurologists throughout Germany between 2009 and 2018 using the IMS Disease Analyzer database (QuintilesIMS, Frankfurt, Germany). People with epilepsy (PWE) with an initial cancer diagnosis and antiepileptic therapy prior to the index date were 1:1 matched with a control group of PWE without cancer according to age, gender, index year, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and treating physician. For both groups, the risk to develop cancer under treatment with different ASMs was analyzed using three different models (ever use vs. never use (I), effect per one (II) and per five therapy years (III).!##!Results!#!A total of 3152 PWE were included (each group, n = 1,576; age = 67.3 ± 14.0 years). The risk to develop cancer was not significantly elevated for any ASM. Carbamazepine was associated with a decreased cancer risk (OR Model I: 0.699, p &lt; .0001, OR Model II: 0.952, p = .4878, OR Model III: 0.758, p &lt; .0004).!##!Significance!#!Our findings suggest that ASM use does not increase the risk of cancer in epilepsy patients.
Modifications of the antioxidant enzymes in relation to chromosome imbalances in human melanoma cell lines (1998)

Five human melanoma cell lines were investigated for their antioxidant activities. These metabolic data were correlated with cytogenetic analysis giving the relative numbers of chromosomes or chromosomal segments carrying the gene encoding for each enzyme. Particular attention was focused on the expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), whose gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q), has been proposed as a tumour suppressor gene. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GSR) and catalase appeared to be unrelated to the relative number of 3q, 8p and 11p arms which, respectively, carry their encoding genes. GPX activity paralleled that of total SOD activity, and GSR variations followed those of GPX, suggesting possible metabolic regulation. Both the activity and the amount of SOD1 immunoreactive protein correlated with the number of chromosomes 21, suggesting a gene dosage effect. The three cell lines with deletions of the 6q arm had lower SOD2 activity and less immunoreactive protein than the two cell lines without 6q deletion. In addition, they demonstrated high thymidine kinase and thymidylate synthetase activities, which are directly linked to the cell proliferation rate. These results strengthen the hypothesis that SOD2 has a function as a tumour suppressor gene, but also suggest that the expression of other antioxidant enzymes might be altered in human melanomas.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) in Domestic Poultry and Relationship with Migratory Birds, South Korea (2008)

During the 2006-2007 winter season in South Korea, several outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) were confirmed among domestic poultry and in migratory bird habitats. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all isolates were closely related and that all belong to the A/bar-headed goose/Qinghai/5/2005-like lineage rather than the A/chicken/Korea/ES/2003-like lineage.
A novel 18F-labeled kappa opioid receptor antagonist as PET radiotracer: Synthesis and in vivo Evaluation (2016)

159 Objectives The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) is implicated in depression, addictions, and other CNS disorders and thus an important target for drug development and investigation. We have previously developed a number of 11C-labeled PET radiotracers for KOR imaging in humans 1-3. Here we report the synthesis of 18F-LY2459989 as the first 18F-labeled KOR antagonist radiotracer and its evaluation in non-human primates.
 Methods The novel radioligand 18F-LY2459989 was synthesized by 18F-displacement of an iodonium ylide. PET scans in rhesus monkeys were conducted on a Focus-220 scanner to assess the ligand’s pharmacokinetics and in vivo binding properties. Metabolite-corrected arterial activity curves were measured and used as input functions in the analysis of brain time-activity curves and calculation of binding parameters with kinetic models. Comparison of 18F-LY2459989 with its 11C-labeled counterpart was also performed.
 Results Using a recently developed iodonium ylide as radiolabeling precursor, 18F-LY2459989 was prepared in high radiochemical yield (30 - 43 %), high radiochemical purity (> 99 %), and excellent specific activity (mean of 42.9 mCi/nmol, n = 3). In monkeys 18F-LY2459989 metabolized fairly quickly, with ~ 26 % of parent fraction at 30 min post-injection. Fast and reversible kinetics was observed in the brain, with regional peak uptake time of insula > caudate/putamen > frontal cortex > temporal cortex > thalamus, which is consistent with the reported KOR distribution in primate brains. In comparison with 11C-LY2459989, regional BPND values were slightly higher for 18F-LY2459989. Figure 1. Time-activity curves of a baseline scan of 18F-LY2459989, a corresponding blocking scan with LY2456302 (0.1 mg/kg) and a baseline scan of 11C-LY2459989 (top: from left to right), along with structure of both tracers. And BPND of both 18F and 11C-LY2459989 baseline scans (n = 3) derived with MA1 kinetic model.
 Conclusions 18F-LY2459989, as the first ever 18F-labeled KOR antagonist radiotracer, is synthesized in high specific activity and good radiochemical yield. In rhesus monkeys it demonstrated many attractive imaging properties: fast tissue kinetics, binding specificity and selectivity to KOR, and high specific binding signals. In summary, 18F-LY2459989 appears to be an excellent PET radiotracer for imaging and quantification of KOR in vivo, and thus further evaluation in humans is warranted.
Research Support: NIH grants R21MH092664 & R33MH092664
1. Naganawa M, Jacobsen LK, Zheng MQ, et al. Neuroimage. 2014;99:69-79 .
2. Zheng MQ, Kim SJ, Holden D, et al. J Nucl Med. 2014;55:1185-1191.
3. Naganawa M, Zheng MQ, Henry S, et al. J Nucl Med. 2015;56:243-248.
Situated Learning and Education (1996)

This paper provides a review of the claims of situated learning that are having an increasing influence on education generally and mathematics education particularly. We review the four central claims of situated learning with respect to education: (1) action is grounded in the concrete situation in which it occurs; (2) knowledge does not transfer between tasks; (3) training by abstraction is of little use; and (4) instruction must be done in complex, social environments. In each case, we cite empirical literature to show that the claims are overstated and that some of the educational implications that have been taken from these claims are misguided.
High frequency of coxsackie‐B‐virus‐specific IgM in children developing type I diabetes during a period of high diabetes morbidity (1985)

Twenty-four consecutive children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were investigated for a history of infectious disease. Thirteen of the 24 (54%) patients reported symptoms of acute infection within two months before diabetes was diagnosed. The mean age was 8.5 years and 15 (63%) of the patients were girls. No clear seasonal variation in onset was seen. Coxsackie B (CB)-virus-specific IgM responses were detected by reverse radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 16 of the 24 (67%) patients on the day of diagnosis of IDDM. The highest titre was usually recorded at that time, but with some the highest titre was found with a second serum obtained three to seven weeks after diagnosis. Thereafter the titres declined, and after six months IgM was detected only in a few patients. Thirteen patients displayed monotypic IgM responses, whereas three patients showed ditypic responses. Among the former, IgM was recorded against Coxsackie B4 (CB4) in four, B5 (CB5) in three, B1 (CB1) in two, B2 (CB2) in two, and B3 (CB3) in two patients. The ditypic responses were against CB2 and CB3, CB3 and CB4, and CB5. No CB-virus-specific IgM was detected in sera, found during the same period, from age-matched nondiabetic children without evidence of infection. In neutralisation (NT) tests, antibodies to the homotypic virus were found in 12 of the 16 diabetic patients showing CB-virus-specific at the time of diagnosis. A significant rise in NT titre was demonstrated in three of these patients. No significant clinical difference was noted between IgM positive and IgM negative patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Switching from Separated to Contact Ion-Pair Binding Modes with Diastereomeric Calix[4]pyrrole Bis-phosphonate Receptors (2012)

We describe the design, synthesis and conformational assignment of three diasteromeric bis-phosphonate cavitands based on an aryl extended calix[4]pyrrole tetrol scaffold. The diastereoisomers differ in the relative spatial orientation of the P═O groups installed at their upper rims. We demonstrate that these compounds act as heteroditopic receptors for ion pairs forming ion-paired 1:1 complexes with alkylammonium (quaternary and primary) chloride salts in dichloromethane (DCM) solution and in the solid-state. (1)H NMR titrations indicate that the complexes are highly stable thermodynamically and kinetically. In the case of tetraalkyl-phosphonium/ammonium chloride guests, the host featuring the two P═O groups directed outwardly with respect to the aromatic cavity, 4oo, produces the most thermodynamically stable complexes. Conversely, for the primary alkyl ammonium chloride, the most effective receptor is the diastereoisomer 4ii with the two P═O groups converging on top of the aromatic cavity. In the nonpolar DCM solvent, the size of the quaternary cation has a strong impact in the thermodynamic stability of the complexes and their binding geometry. We use 2D-ROESY experiments to map out the binding geometries of the 1:1 complexes formed in solution. The 1:1 complexes of the 4oo host with the chloride salts have a separated arrangement of the bound ion-pair. In contrast, those of the 4ii host display a close-contact arrangement. We also investigate the same complexation processes in acetonitrile (ACN) solution. Both the salt and the initially formed anionic complex are fully dissociated in this more polar solvent. The receptors show an analogous trend in their binding affinities for quaternary phosphonium/ammonium chloride salts to the one seen in DCM solution. However, in ACN solution, the magnitudes of the binding affinities are reduced significantly and the size of the cation does not play a role. In addition, the inversion in the trend of relative binding affinities of the complexes, which was revealed in DCM solution, is eradicated in ACN when changing the cation substitution from quaternary to primary.
Hydrophobic Core Flexibility Modulates Enzyme Activity in HIV-1 Protease (2012)

Human immunodeficiency virus Type-1 (HIV-1) protease is crucial for viral maturation and infectivity. Studies of protease dynamics suggest that the rearrangement of the hydrophobic core is essential for enzyme activity. Many mutations in the hydrophobic core are also associated with drug resistance and may modulate the core flexibility. To test the role of flexibility in protease activity, pairs of cysteines were introduced at the interfaces of flexible regions remote from the active site. Disulfide bond formation was confirmed by crystal structures and by alkylation of free cysteines and mass spectrometry. Oxidized and reduced crystal structures of these variants show the overall structure of the protease is retained. However, cross-linking the cysteines led to drastic loss in enzyme activity, which was regained upon reducing the disulfide cross-links. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that altered dynamics propagated throughout the enzyme from the engineered disulfide. Thus, altered flexibility within the hydrophobic core can modulate HIV-1 protease activity, supporting the hypothesis that drug resistant mutations distal from the active site can alter the balance between substrate turnover and inhibitor binding by modulating enzyme activity.
Manganese Transport and the Role of Manganese in Virulence (2006)

Two areas of research have recently converged to highlight important roles for Mn(2+) in pathogenesis: the recognition that both bacterial Nramp homologs and members of LraI family of proteins are Mn(2+) transporters. Their mutation is associated with decreased virulence of various bacterial species. Thus, Mn(2+) appears to be essential for bacterial virulence. This review describes what is currently known about Mn(2+) transport in prokaryotes and how prokaryotic Mn(2+) transport is regulated. Some of the phenotypes that arise when microorganisms lack Mn(2+) are then discussed, with an emphasis on those phenotypes involving pathogenesis. The concluding section describes possible enzymatic roles for Mn(2+) that might help explain why Mn(2+) is necessary for virulence.
Initial growth mechanism of atomic layer deposited TiN (2004)

We have investigated the role of the substrate in the growth mechanism of TiN films grown by atomic layer deposition. The early stage of the film formation is dominated by a Volmer–Weber-type growth mode, driven by the ligand exchange of reactant molecules with preferential surface function groups. The density of function groups on the initial surface dictates the density and the vertical dimension of TiN islands, the evolution of the substrate coverage, and the minimum thickness at which the films become continuous.
Border Gateway Protocol Anomaly Detection Using Failure Quality Control Method (2012)

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the de-facto inter-domain routing protocol used across thousands of Autonomous Systems (AS) joined together in the Internet. Security has been a major issue for BGP. Nevertheless, BGP suffers from serious threats even today, like Denial of Service (DoS) attack and misconfiguration of routing information. BGP is one of the complex routing protocols and hard to configure against malicious attacks. However, it is important to detect such malicious activities in a network, which could otherwise cause problems for availability of services in the Internet. In this paper we use the Failure Quality Control (FQC), a technique to detect anomaly packets in the network for real time intrusion detection.
Architecture and design of AlphaServer GS320 (2000)

This paper describes the architecture and implementation of the AlphaServer GS320, a cache-coherent non-uniform memory access multiprocessor developed at Compaq. The AlphaServer GS320 architecture is specifically targeted at medium-scale multiprocessing with 32 to 64 processors. Each node in the design consists of four Alpha 21264 processors, up to 32GB of coherent memory, and an aggressive IO subsystem. The current implementation supports up to 8 such nodes for a total of 32 processors. While snoopy-based designs have been stretched to medium-scale multiprocessors by some vendors, providing sufficient snoop bandwidth remains a major challenge especially in systems with aggressive processors. At the same time, directory protocols targeted at larger scale designs lead to a number of inherent inefficiencies relative to snoopy designs. A key goal of the AlphaServer GS320 architecture has been to achieve the best-of-both-worlds, partly by exploiting the bounded scale of the target systems.This paper focuses on the unique design features used in the AlphaServer GS320 to efficiently implement coherence and consistency. The guiding principle for our directory-based protocol is to address correctness issues related to rare protocol races without burdening the common transaction flows. Our protocol exhibits lower occupancy and lower message counts compared to previous designs, and provides more efficient handling of 3-hop transactions. Furthermore, our design naturally lends itself to elegant solutions for deadlock, livelock, starvation, and fairness. The AlphaServer GS320 architecture also incorporates a couple of innovative techniques that extend previous approaches for efficiently implementing memory consistency models. These techniques allow us to generate commit events (which are used for ordering purposes) well in advance of formulating the reply to a transaction. Furthermore, the separation of the commit event allows time-critical replies to bypass inbound requests without violating ordering properties. Even though our design specifically targets medium-scale servers, many of the same techniques can be applied to larger-scale directory-based and smaller-scale snoopy-based designs. Finally, we evaluate the performance impact of some of the above optimizations and present a few competitive benchmark results.
Closed-Form Expressions for the Maximum Transient Noise Voltage Caused by an IC Switching Current on a Power Distribution Network (2012)

Closed-form expressions for transient power distribution network (PDN) noise caused by an IC switching current are derived for a PDN structure comprised of traces with decoupling capacitors. Criteria for identifying a dominant decoupling capacitor for an impulse switching current are also proposed. The derived PDN noise expressions are validated with measurements of currents at both local and bulk capacitors, the PDN impedance, and the total voltage noise in an operating consumer device.
Case managers discuss ethics: dilemmas of an emerging occupation in long-term care in the United States. (1994)

As case management programs mature, ethical questions undoubtedly arise. Yet there are few, if any, standards by which case managers can guide their actions and decisions. In this article, the authors present the results of a survey of 251 frontline case managers in 10 states who were asked to describe the ethical challenges they face. The respondents were conscious of struggling with difficult, even life-and-death decisions involving important choices in their clients' lives. Generally, the case managers were committed to the ideology of respect for client autonomy but found themselves making uneasy compromises with the concept at every turn. Ethical issues arose not only with the client but also with the client's family, colleagues, and providers. Case managers, long-term care providers, and governmental policymakers could all benefit from both theoretical and practical explorations of desirable approaches to individual and societal long-term care decisions.
NASS-IMS bundled Authentication Study through Core Network Concepts (2007)

Emerging broadband access technologies are enabling the introduction of IP services to an increasing number of users. The market forecasts suggest that a new class of network providers will deploy public wireless or not networks based on these new technologies. In order to offer uninterrupted IP ser