gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft magnetic composite materials - use for electrical machines (1995)

Powder metallurgy has long been recognised as a cost effective method of producing high volumes of consistent parts for magnetic applications, particularly for DC applications and for hard magnetic materials. Powder metallurgy offers advantages including high material utilisation, precise material control, and the ability to produce relatively complex shapes. The structure of the paper is to first describe the nature, production and properties of the material, then move on to a discussion of its application in electrical machines. The paper ends with a description of a prototype machine, used to explore the material in a practical setting.
Fast coupled adaptation for sparse impulse responses using a partial haar transform (2005)

This work presents a novel scheme for identifying the impulse response of a sparse channel. The scheme consists of two adaptive filters operating sequentially. The first adaptive filter adapts using a partial Haar transform of the input and yields an estimate of the location of the peak of the sparse impulse response. The second adaptive filter is then centered about this estimate. Both filters are short in comparison to the delay uncertainty of the unknown channel. The principle advantage of this scheme is that two short adaptive filters can be used instead of one long adaptive filter, resulting in faster overall convergence and reduced computational complexity and storage. The scheme is analyzed in detail for a least mean squares (LMS) LMS-LMS type of structure, although it can be implemented using any combination of adaptive algorithms. Monte Carlo simulations are shown to be in good agreement with the theoretical model for the behavior of the peak estimating filter as well as for the mean square error (MSE) behavior of the second filter.
Survivable network architectures for broad-band fiber optic networks: model and performance comparison (1988)

A class of survivable network architectures and a fiber network design model to study quantitative tradeoffs between cost and survivability for each candidate network architecture are discussed. The network architectures studied fall into two categories: conventional architectures are those using present and future technologies, respectively. The model network used in this study is a metropolitan intralocal access transport area (LATA) network. For the near term, the study show that a 'single homing' architecture with 1:N diverse protection provides affordable survivability for fiber cable cuts. The percentage of model circuits protected from link failures is raised from 50%-72% for only 6.3% increase in cost. For future architectures, the self-healing rings could both improve survivability and reduce costs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simulated moving bed reactor for paraxylene production (2015)

In this paper, a Simulated Moving Bed Reactor (SMBR) process for producing paraxylene (PX) is studied. A catalyst is validated for a liquid phase isomerization of xylene. An adsorbent and desorbent couple has been chosen, and simulations have been done to study the performances of the SMBR for PX production
Periodic Surface Defect Detection in Steel Plates Based on Deep Learning (2019)

It is difficult to detect roll marks on hot-rolled steel plates as they have a low contrast in the images. A periodical defect detection method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) is proposed to detect periodic defects, such as roll marks, according to the strong time-sequenced characteristics of such defects. Firstly, the features of the defect image are extracted through a CNN network, and then the extracted feature vectors are inputted into an LSTM network for defect recognition. The experiment shows that the detection rate of this method is 81.9%, which is 10.2% higher than a CNN method. In order to make more accurate use of the previous information, the method is improved with the attention mechanism. The improved method specifies the importance of inputted information at each previous moment, and gives the quantitative weight according to the importance. The experiment shows that the detection rate of the improved method is increased to 86.2%.
All-optical format conversions from NRZ to BPSK and QPSK based on nonlinear responses in silicon microring resonators (2007)

We propose and numerically verify a novel scheme of all-optical format conversion from non-return-to-zero (NRZ) to binary phase-shift- keying (BPSK) at 160 Gb/s using cascaded microring resonators (CMRR) on a single silicon chip. The conversion is based on large phase shift and flattened intensity-response characteristics in the CMRR. A continuous-wave light experiences different phase shifts controlled by the power of an input NRZ signal with an ~8.8-dB extinction ratio, while maintaining approximately the constant intensity. All-optical format conversion from NRZ to quadrature phase-shift-keying (QPSK) is also demonstrated based on parallel NRZ/BPSK converters in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure.
SYNTHESIS OF TETRA-N-PHENYLALKYLKANAMYCINS AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES (1968)

Sixteen N, N', N", N'''-tetraphenylalkylkanamycins (hereafter simply written as tetra-N-phenylalkylkanamycins) were prepared, and their anti microbial activities in vitro were determined. They were less active against most strains tested than kanamycin. But one of them, tetra-N-4-chlorobenzyl kanamycin (XI) was slightly more active against Ps. aeruginosa than kanamycin. It was suggested that their activities relate with their lipophilicity. Seven of kanamycin derivatives were found active against kanamycin-resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as well as sensitive strains.
A Least Squares Algorithm for Fitting Additive Trees to Proximity Data (1983)

A least squares algorithm for fitting additive trees to proximity data is described. The algorithm uses a penalty function to enforce the four point condition on the estimated path length distances. The algorithm is evaluated in a small Monte Carlo study. Finally, an illustrative application is presented.
Effect of Heterocyclic Anchoring Sequence on the Properties of Dithienogermole-Based Solar Cells (2017)

The synthesis and characterization of two new small molecular donor materials, DTGe(ThFBTTh<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and DTGe(FBTTh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, are presented for application in organic solar cells. These two materials represent structural evolutions of the high-efficiency, dithienogermole (DTGe)-cored small molecule DTGe(FBTTh<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, in which the conjugation length in the backbone was extended by incorporating additional thiophene units. Using the same molecular framework, we have evaluated how the anchoring sequence of heterocyclic units influences material properties and function in solar cell devices. It was found that incorporating additional thiophene units into the backbone, regardless of the position in the molecular platform, caused a small reduction in band gaps; however, both highest occupied molecular orbitals and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy bands were at lower energies when the thiophenes were incorporated near the terminus of the molecule. The film morphologies of both materials could be controlled by either thermal or solvent vapor annealing to yield phase separation on the order of tens of nanometers and improved crystallinity. Peak power-conversion efficiencies of 3.6% and 3.1% were obtained using DTGe(ThFBTTh<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and DTGe(FBTTh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, after solvent vapor treatment and thermal annealing, respectively. Our study provides a detailed analysis of how the ordering sequence of heterocyclic building blocks influences the properties and function of organic solar cells.
Rapid isolation of blood plasma using a cascaded inertial microfluidic device (2017)

Blood, saliva, mucus, sweat, sputum, and other biological fluids are often hindered in their ability to be used in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics because their assays require some form of off-site sample pre-preparation to effectively separate biomarkers from larger components such as cells. The rapid isolation, identification, and quantification of proteins and other small molecules circulating in the blood plasma from larger interfering molecules are therefore particularly important factors for optical blood diagnostic tests, in particular, when using optical approaches that incur spectroscopic interference from hemoglobin-rich red blood cells (RBCs). In this work, a sequential spiral polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device for rapid (∼1 min) on-chip blood cell separation is presented. The chip utilizes Dean-force induced migration via two 5-loop Archimedean spirals in series. The chip was characterized in its ability to filter solutions containing fluorescent beads and silver nanoparticles and further using blood solutions doped with a fluorescent protein. Through these experiments, both cellular and small molecule behaviors in the chip were assessed. The results exhibit an average RBC separation efficiency of ∼99% at a rate of 5.2 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells per second while retaining 95% of plasma components. This chip is uniquely suited for integration within a larger point-of-care diagnostic system for the testing of blood plasma, and the use of multiple filtering spirals allows for the tuning of filtering steps, making this device and the underlying technique applicable for a wide range of separation applications.
Exchange of chromosomal and plasmid alleles in Escherichia coli by selection for loss of a dominant antibiotic sensitivity marker (1989)

Transfer of an allele from a donor DNA to a recipient DNA molecule was selected by the loss of a dominant conditional lethal mutation previously incorporated ito the gene of interest in the recipient DNA. Both the Escherichia coli chromosome and plasmids carrying E. coli genes were used successfully as donor molecules. Recipient molecules for these exchanges were constructed in vitro by using the rpsL gene, which confers sensitivity to streptomycin, to replace segments of specific E. coli genes located either on multicopy plasmids or in the E. coli chromosome. Plasmids carrying such replacements were capable of acquiring chromosomal alleles of the gene(s) of interest, and strains carrying rpsL replacements in the chromosome were capable of acquiring plasmid-encoded alleles at the sight of the rpsL replacement. In both situations, these allele transfers resulted in loss of the rpsL gene from the recipient DNA molecule. The desired transfer events constituted a large percentage of these events, which gave rise to viable colonies when appropriate donor-recipient pairs were subjected to streptomycin selection. Thus, this is a useful approach for transferring alleles of interest from plasmids to the E. coli chromosome and vice versa.
Capturing crosstalk-induced waveform for accurate static timing analysis (2003)

We propose a method to capture crosstalk-induced noisy waveform for crosstalk-aware static timing analysis. The effects of capacitive coupling noise on timing are conventionally measured as delay variation. On the other hand, the propose method derives an equivalent waveform to a crosstalk-induced noisy waveform. The crosstalk effects on timing are all included in the equivalent waveform. With the derived equivalent waveform, we can perform static timing analysis with consideration of dynamic delay variation due to crosstalk noise. The equivalent waveform is derived by our improved least square fitting with weighting coefficient. Our method can naturally consider the slew variation due to crosstalk noise as well as the delay variation. We experimentally verify that our method can estimate the delay variation at the output of the receiver gate accurately. The strength is that the proposed method requires no additional library characterization and is easy to be integrated into usual static timing analysis methods.
Manual ECCE, the Present State of the Art (1994)

Positive IOP during all stages of surgery creates the best operative conditions for controlled surgery throughout all manipulations. This technique is a very cost effective system and at the same time provides a high quality procedure.
Antamanid. Seine Entdeckung, Isolierung, Strukturaufklärung und Synthese (1968)

Abstract Als Antamanid bezeichnen wir einen Inhaltsstoff des grünen Knollenblätterpilzes, Amanita phalloides, der an der weißen Maus die tödliche Wirkung der Amanitatoxine Phalloidin und α‐Amanitin bei spätestens gleichzeitiger Verabreichung aufhebt. Die Konzentration im Pilz ist allerdings so gering, daß dessen Giftwirkung überwiegt. Antamanid ist ein cyclisches Dekapeptid aus den L‐Aminosäuren Alanin, Phenylalanin, Prolin und Valin, die zueinander im Molverhältnis von 1:4:4:1 stehen. Die Sequenz wurde durch Gaschromatographie‐Massenspektrometrie aufgeklärt. Die Synthese auf einem klassischen Weg der Peptidchemie bewies die Richtigkeit der Strukturformel.
Performance of an adaptive multicarrier CDMA system (2003)

An adaptive multicarrier CDMA system is considered. In this system, each user is given a number of codes. Each code essentially creates a different transmission channel for the corresponding user. Each user uses one of the code channels to transmit a data symbol in each symbol interval. At the receiver, the noise and interference level at each code channel is monitored. If the noise and interference level at an available code channel is lower than that in the current code channel, a procedure, called code handoff, would be executed at allowed instants, i.e., the user would switch to the better code channel. Only power control and code handoff, which can be readily implemented, are required in the system. Analysis shows that interference power can be significantly reduced. With suitable choices of the codes, the effects of fading can also be alleviated. Simulations also show that the proposed system performs better than ordinary multicarrier CDMA systems.
REDEFINING ANTIFOULING COATINGS (1999)

For nearly a quarter century, tributyltin-based self-polishing copolymer antifouling (AF) paints have provided an efficient and economic method of ship hull protection. Yet as we enter the 21st century, this important technology is likely to be eliminated by new regulations proposed by the International Maritime Organization. This has created a major challenge of formulating replacement systems that meet or exceed the performance standards of tributyltin (TBT) self-polishing copolymer coatings and that comply with present and future environmental regulations. This article describes alternatives to AFs formulated with TBT. There are many patents and ideas relating to biofouling control, but so far, few have been found to be practical, economic, or effective. In the short term, it would appear that copper-based systems will reemerge. The most promising of these are the new generation of copper self-polishing copolymer paints. However, at present their long-term performance is unsubstantiated. The other technology vying for market share is fouling-release silicone. Its nontoxic mode of action and the possibility of reduced skin friction characteristics compared with TBT self-polishing paints makes it extremely attractive. One possible source of new technology involves natural AF processes. In recent years, much research has been devoted to this area, mainly focused on chemical inhibition. A sidebar discusses new pollution controls for AFs on U.S. Navy ships.
LIPID MAPS online tools for lipid research (2007)

The LIPID MAPS consortium has developed a number of online tools for performing tasks such as drawing lipid structures and predicting possible structures from mass spectrometry (MS) data. A simple online interface has been developed to enable an end-user to rapidly generate a variety of lipid chemical structures, along with corresponding systematic names and ontological information. The structure-drawing tools are available for six categories of lipids: (i) fatty acyls, (ii) glycerolipids, (iii) glycerophospholipids, (iv) cardiolipins, (v) sphingolipids and (vi) sterols. Within each category, the structure-drawing tools support the specification of various parameters such as chain lengths at a specific sn position, head groups, double bond positions and stereochemistry to generate a specific lipid structure. The structure-drawing tools have also been integrated with a second set of online tools which predict possible lipid structures from precursor-ion and product-ion MS experimental data. The MS prediction tools are available for three categories of lipids: (i) mono/di/triacylglycerols, (ii) glycerophospholipids and (iii) cardiolipins. The LIPID MAPS online tools are publicly available at www.lipidmaps.org/tools/.
Range of Excited Electrons in Metals (1962)

The energy of interaction of a single excited electron with the sea of conduction electrons in a metal has been calculated by a self-energy approach. The imaginary part of the self-energy of the excited electron can be interpreted in terms of a total rate of real collisions with the sea of conduction electrons. By weighting the differential scattering rate by the amount of energy lost in each scattering event, one obtains an expression for the instantaneous rate of energy loss of the excited electron as a function of its initial energy. The extremely strong dependence of this rate on the initial energy is the main result of this paper. For slow electrons, by which we mean those of initial energy smaller than the sum of the Fermi energy and the plasma energy of the electron gas, the rate of energy loss is determined by the small imaginary part of the dielectric constant. For electrons close to the Fermi surface this rate is proportional to ${(p\ensuremath{-}{p}_{0})}^{3}$, where $p$ is the momentum of the excited electron and ${p}_{0}$ the Fermi momentum; therefore in this range the rate of energy loss is very sensitive to the initial energy. For fast electrons, a new contribution to the rate of energy loss arises due to a pole of the inverse dielectric constant. This new process corresponds to the excitation of plasma oscillations by the excited electron, and causes fast electrons to lose energy very rapidly.
Proving Consistency Of Database Transactions (1979)

The purpose of this paper is to present an approach for verifying that explicitely stated integrity constraints are not violated by certain transactions. We utilize a relational model where-in constraints are given in a language based on the first order predicate calculus. Transactions are written in terms of an ALGOL.60 like host language with embedded first order predicate calculus capabilities allowing queries and updates. The technique for proving consistency of the transactions is based upon the Hoare axiomatic approach. We illustrate the method by means of an explicit example of a database updated by four types of transaction. A generalized transaction consistency verifier embodying this approach would considerably enhance transaction programming in a relational database management system.
Recent progress in high resolution lithography (2006)

Abstract The nanotechnology revolution of the past decade owes much to the science of lithography, an umbrella term which encompasses everything from conventional photolithography to “unconventional” soft lithography and the self‐assembly of block polymers. In this review, some of the recent advances in lithography are summarized with special reference to the microelectronics industry. The next generation photolithography, two‐photon lithography, step‐and‐flash imprint lithography and nanofabrication using block copolymers are covered, in an attempt to describe more recent work in this vibrant and active field of research. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gamma programming paradigm and heterogeneous computing (1996)

The Gamma programming paradigm is based on the multiset data structure. In this model a succession of chemical reactions consume the elements of the multiset or multiset of tuples, and produce new elements according to specific rules. This paper describes how the Gamma paradigm can be integrated with the entity-relationship (ER) model to structure parallel and distributed programs. Such an integration can permit querying as well as application programming in a seamless fashion based on the notion of transactions and provides for heterogeneous processing. We also describe how to design a scheduler for the Gamma paradigm and how this paradigm is useful in heterogeneous programming.
Deferred segmentation for wire-speed transmission of large TCP frames over standard GbE networks (2002)

"Deferred Segmentation" (DS) is a novel approach to enhance the TCP transmission rate of large frames over standard GbE networks. DS allows large TCP frames through the senders's TCP/IP stack, and the NIC breaks them down into TCP segments of standard Ethernet MTU size. DS doubles TCP/IP performance, pushing the TCP transmission rate to the wire speed and/or reducing the host CPU load. Unlike when the protocol stack is split between the host CPU and the NIC, or is offloaded to the NIC, DS requires, at most, a small NIC development effort and no modification of legacy applications or OS TCP/IP stacks. DS need only be implemented in the sender and is transparent to the receivers. If traffic is mostly outbound and is split among multiple receivers, so doing will not reduce performance. Finally, DS can even be implemented entirely in the NIC's device driver and still improve performance.
Application of combinatorial chemistry to antimicrobial drug discovery (1998)

The emergence of pathogens resistant to currently available treatments is seen as a public health crisis. Since few new classes of antimicrobial drugs have been developed in the last two decades, it is becoming increasingly probable that healthcare providers will be faced with infections for which no chemotherapeutic agent is available. A renewed emphasis is being placed on employing the most advanced drug discovery technologies in the development of new antimicrobials. The recently introduced technologies of combinatorial chemistry offer new sources of chemical diversity, as well as methods with which to produce and rapidly test them. In the last few years, many groups have adopted a number of approaches in order to apply combinatorial chemistry to antimicrobial drug discovery. These combinatorial strategies, and the manner in which they are used to develop new screening formats or to identify new chemical leads are, reviewed.
Function of <i>bicoid</i> and <i>hunchback</i> homologs in the basal cyclorrhaphan fly <i>Megaselia</i> (Phoridae) (2000)

The Drosophila gene bicoid functions at the beginning of a gene cascade that specifies anterior structures in the embryo. Its transcripts are localized at the anterior pole of the oocyte, giving rise to a Bicoid protein gradient, which regulates the spatially restricted expression of target genes along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo in a concentration-dependent manner. The morphogen function of Bicoid requires the coactivity of the zinc finger transcription factor Hunchback, which is expressed in a Bicoid-dependent fashion in the anterior half of the embryo. Whereas hunchback is conserved throughout insects, bicoid homologs are known only from cyclorrhaphan flies. Thus far, identification of hunchback and bicoid homologs rests only on sequence comparison. In this study, we used double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) to address the function of bicoid and hunchback homologs in embryos of the lower cyclorrhaphan fly Megaselia abdita (Phoridae). Megaselia-hunchback RNAi causes hunchback-like phenotypes as observed in Drosophila, but Megaselia-bicoid RNAi causes phenotypes different from corresponding RNAi experiments in Drosophila and bicoid mutant embryos. Megaselia-bicoid is required not only for the head and thorax but also for the development of four abdominal segments. This difference between Megaselia and Drosophila suggests that the range of functional bicoid activity has been reduced in higher flies.