gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Equine and Canine <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> Strains Isolated on the Island of Sardinia (Italy) Are Phylogenetically Related to Pathogenic Strains from the United States (2005)

The presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a tick-transmitted zoonotic pathogen, was investigated in Sardinia using a molecular approach. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Sardinian strains are genetically distinct from the two lineages previously described in Europe and are closely related to strains isolated in different areas of the United States.
Ballistic electrons in compound semiconductors (1986)

It is pointed out that shorter transit times in transistors can be obtained by only two techniques: constructing a device with a shorter active length, and accelerating the electrons to a higher velocity with a ballistic launcher. The work that has been done on these two techniques is surveyed. Various devices incorporating ballistic injection are described.
Robert Robinson Lecture. Retrosynthetic thinking—essentials and examples (1988)

E. J. Corey, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1988, 17, 111 DOI: 10.1039/CS9881700111
Molecular Distribution (1941)

Various functions, by means of which the distribution of molecules in a system may be described, are defined, and the relations between them are derived. Equations, by means of which these functions may be calculated from a knowledge of the mutual potential energy between pairs of molecules, are also derived. The equations applicable to gaseous systems, which are derived by a development previously used in the theory of condensing systems, enable the calculation of the distribution functions by means of a power series in either the fugacity or the inverse volume. The coefficients of these power series are direct integrals involving the pair potentials between molecules. In condensed systems an alternative procedure is required. The equations then appear in the form of integral equations involving the unknown functions under the integral signs. These equations are not readily solved, due primarily to the difficulties of performing multiple coordinate integrations. By the use of functions involving the probabilities of population of virtual cells, the cell equation frequently used for the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of liquids is derived as a consequence of the method used here. The direct connection between the equations derived in the theory of condensing systems, and in the usual cell approximations, is thus established. The equations derived here, however, permit consistent use of the cell method to arrive at higher approximations. This development may possibly be of value in making numerical evaluations of the thermodynamic functions of liquids.
Rapid screening of innate immune gene expression in zebrafish using reverse transcription - multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (2011)

The RT-MLPA assay developed in this study provides a rapid, cheap, and robust analysis tool for simultaneous quantification of a set of 34 innate immune response genes. With adjustment of conditions, the assay is suitable for infection studies in both adult and embryonic zebrafish. Application of RT-MLPA will facilitate high-throughput screening of immune responses in the zebrafish model.
Pointwise Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

Deep learning with 3D data such as reconstructed point clouds and CAD models has received great research interests recently. However, the capability of using point clouds with convolutional neural network has been so far not fully explored. In this paper, we present a convolutional neural network for semantic segmentation and object recognition with 3D point clouds. At the core of our network is point-wise convolution, a new convolution operator that can be applied at each point of a point cloud. Our fully convolutional network design, while being surprisingly simple to implement, can yield competitive accuracy in both semantic segmentation and object recognition task.
View-based detection and analysis of periodic motion (2002)

We describe a technique that detects periodic motion. Assuming a static camera, we first segment moving objects from the background. By tracking objects of interest, we compute the object's self-similarity as it evolves in time. For periodic motion, the self-similarity metric is periodic, and is Fourier analyzed to detect and characterize periodicity. Examples on real image sequences are given.
Electronic Frequency Stabilization of Microwave Oscillators (1946)

Two circuits for use to control the frequency of a microwave oscillator by an external high Q cavity are described. One of the circuits uses a microwave equivalent of the frequency discriminator, in conjunction with a d.c. amplifier. The other uses the cavity in a special circuit that provides an intermediate-frequency signal that is a measure of the difference between the frequencies of the oscillator and cavity. This allows the use of an intermediate-frequency amplifier. The resulting stability of the oscillators is such that audible beat frequencies can be produced between two oscillators at 10,000 Mc/sec. The resultant signal can be frequency modulated at audiofrequencies, with stabilization acting throughout the modulation cycle. A technique by which the frequency-stabilization systems could be used to investigate, with high resolution, the structure of microwave absorption spectra is suggested.
Fine Specificity of Ligand-Binding Domain 1 in the Polymeric Ig Receptor: Importance of the CDR2-Containing Region for IgM Interaction (1999)

The human polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), also called transmembrane secretory component, is expressed basolaterally on exocrine epithelia, and mediates specific external transport of dimeric IgA and pentameric IgM. The extracellular part of pIgR consists of five Ig-like domains (D1-D5), and a highly conserved D1 region appears to mediate the initial noncovalent ligand interaction. While the human pIgR binds both dimeric IgA and pentameric IgM with high affinity, the rabbit counterpart has virtually no binding capacity for pentameric IgM. This remarkable disparity constitutes evidence that the binding site of the two ligands differs with regard to essential receptor contact elements. Therefore, we expressed human/rabbit chimeric pIgRs in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and found that human pIgR D1 is crucial for the interaction with pentameric IgM when placed in the context of a full-length receptor regardless of its backbone species. D1 contains three complementarity-determining region-like loops (CDR1-3), and to further map human D1 regions involved in pentameric IgM binding, we transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney cells with human/rabbit chimeric receptors in which the regions containing the CDR-like loops had been interchanged. Our results showed that the region containing the CDR2-like loop is the most essential for pentameric IgM binding. The region containing the CDR1-like loop also contributed substantially to this interaction, whereas only little contribution was provided by the region containing the CDR3-like loop, although it appeared to be necessary for maximal pentameric IgM binding.
O futuro do pensamento na era da Informática (2010)

O artigo focaliza o futuro do pensamento na era da informatica. Levy tenta mostrar como as categorias habituais da filosofia do conhecimento - tais como o mito, a ciencia, a teoria, a interpretacao ou a objetividade - dependem intimamente do uso historico, datado e localizado, de certas tecnologias intelectuais.
Dependence of photoetching rates of polymers at 193 nm on optical absorption depth (1986)

Mixtures of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(α-methyl styrene) were prepared and their optical absorption coefficients at 193 nm were measured. A study of photoetching rate of these polymeric materials using an ArF excimer laser at 193 nm shows two regions of distinctly different etching characteristics. At relatively high fluences (&gt;300 mJ/cm2) the photoetch rate decreased with increasing absorption in the polymer films, while at lower fluences, an optimum range of absorption coefficients was found to give the maximum photoetching rate.
A novel anti-IL4Rα nanoparticle efficiently controls lung inflammation during asthma (2016)

Drug resistance and the harmful side effects accompanying the prolonged corticosteroid treatment of chronic pulmonary diseases prompted the development of more specific anti-inflammatory approaches. Several strategies aiming to block IL4Rα, the receptor for a key pro-inflammatory pathway, were investigated. However, their efficiency was limited, mostly due to the systemic or subcutaneous route of administrations. In this paper, we examined the ability of an intranasal treatment with biocompatible nanoparticles targeting IL4Rα to control lung inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. OVA-sensitized mice were treated with anti-IL4Rα-conjugated nanoparticles. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined using a cytokine array assay. The effects of nanoparticle treatment on the activation of lung inflammatory cells and their ability to proliferate and produce cytokines were determined using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Lung inflammation was also monitored using immunohistochemical staining. Treatment with the anti-IL4Rα nanoparticles significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and release in BALF and airway lung tissue in mice. The numbers of lung tissue lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils were also decreased. Interestingly, anti-IL4Rα nanoparticles deactivated CD4 and CD8 T cells in lung tissue and inhibited their ability to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines to a significantly lower level than the treatment with free anti-IL4Rα. Moreover, they induced a sustained low level of lung inflammation for 1 week following the last instillation compared with the treatment with free anti-IL4Rα antibodies. Together, this data suggested that the enhanced tissue penetrability and sustainability of these nanoparticles improved the strength and durability of the immunosuppressive effects of anti-IL4Rα.
A New Dealer in Agriculture: G.C.Means and the Writing of Industrial Prices (1988)

Abstract I have been exceedingly interested in the paper on Price inflexibility which you kindly sent me. I think that your distinction between market prices and administered prices is one of first class importance and very illuminating. I have been aware of the point in a dim sort of way, but had not crystallized it, as you have. Nor had I realized how sharp and important a division there is in practice between the two. [Keynes, 1935] ∗0034-6764/88/1001-180/$1.50/0. ∗∗This paper was partially funded by a gran t from the Franklin D. Roosevelt Foundation. ∗0034-6764/88/1001-180/$1.50/0. ∗∗This paper was partially funded by a gran t from the Franklin D. Roosevelt Foundation. Notes ∗0034-6764/88/1001-180/$1.50/0. ∗∗This paper was partially funded by a gran t from the Franklin D. Roosevelt Foundation.
Polarization and temperature-tolerant wavelength-locked WDM source with external ASE injection (2004)

We propose a novel optical source for WDM transmission using two polarization-multiplexed low-cost Fabry-Perot LDs with external ASE injection. The proposed source shows high power, low noise and the polarization and temperature tolerance.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CURING KINETICS AND POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE IN CERAMIC-LOADED PHOTOCURABLE RESINS FOR LARGE AREA MASKLESS PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION (LAMP) (2009)

Large Area Maskless Photopolymerization (LAMP) is a direct digital manufacturing\ntechnology being developed at Georgia Tech to produce ceramic molds for investment\ncasting of turbine airfoils. In LAMP, UV light incident on a spatial light modulator is\nprojected in the form of a structured black and white bitmap image onto a platform\nsupporting slurry comprising a ceramic particle loaded photocurable resin. Curing of the\nresin is completed rapidly with exposures lasting 20~160ms. Three-dimensional parts are\nbuilt layer-by-layer by sequentially applying and selectively curing resin layers of 25-100\nmicron thickness. In LAMP, diacrylate-based ceramic particle-loaded resins with\nphotoinitiators sensitive in the range of spectral characteristics of the UV source form the\nbasis for an ultra-fast photopolymerization reaction. At the start of the reaction, the\nmonomer molecules are separated by van der Waals distance (~10⁴Å). As the reaction\nproceeds, these monomer molecules form a closely packed network thereby reducing\ntheir separation to covalent bond lengths (~ 1 Å). This results in bulk contraction in the\ncured resin, which accumulates as the part is fabricated layer-by-layer. The degree of\nshrinkage is a direct measure of the number of covalent bonds formed. Thus, shrinkage in\nLAMP is characterized by estimating the number of covalent bonds formed during the\nphotopolymerization reaction.\nPolymerization shrinkage and accompanying stresses developed during\nphotopolymerization of ceramic particle-loaded resins in LAMP can cause deviations\nfrom the desired geometry. The extent of deviations depends on the photoinitiator\nconcentration, the filler loading, the degree of monomer conversion, and the operating\nparameters such as energy dose. An understanding of shrinkage and stresses built up in a\npart can assist in developing source geometry compensation algorithms and exposure\nstrategies to alleviate these effects. In this thesis, an attempt has been made to understand\nthe curing kinetics of the reaction and its relation to the polymerization shrinkage. Realtime\nFourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (RTFTIR) is used to determine the\nconversion of monomers into polymer networks by analyzing the changes in the chemical\nbonds of the participating species of molecules. The conversion data can further be used\nto estimate the curing kinetics of the reaction and the relative volumetric shrinkage strain\ndue to polymerization.
Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Wine (2001)

Positive- and negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry has been used for direct analysis of five wines (California Red, Corbiere, Zinfandel, Beaujolais, and Sauvignon Blanc), without any prior separation or purification steps. The high mass resolving power (typically m/Delta m(50%) > or = 80,000, in which Delta m(50%) is mass spectral peak full width at half-maximum peak height) and mass accuracy (< or =1 ppm) of FT-ICR mass spectrometry make it ideal for the study of complex mixtures such as wine, because the components are simultaneously resolved and identified as to elemental composition. Moreover, the high dynamic range of the instrument is advantageous for identifying trace components. The positive-ion mass spectra obtained from the wines were somewhat similar and were dominated by sucrose and (for red wines) anthocyanins. More than 30 compounds (phenolics and carbohydrates) were identified. The negative-ion mass spectra exhibited much greater variation among different wines, with several compounds peculiar to each wine. Elemental compositions could be assigned with high confidence to 76-94% of negative ions of >10% relative abundance. The present results suggest that it may be possible to fingerprint a wine on the basis of its negative-ion ESI FT-ICR mass spectrum.
Fair OFDMA Scheduling Algorithm Using Iterative Local Search with k-opt-Switches (2008)

An iterative algorithm for the multiuser fair scheduling problem of adaptive OFDMA systems is presented. It uses iterative local search with k-opt switches in the combinatorial solution space. The algorithm can be used with different scheduling criteria like proportional fairness and max-min fairness, both for constant and adaptive allocation of power to subcarriers/resource blocks. The algorithm is applied to a simplified model of 3GPP LTE and its properties are simulatively investigated in the constant power and the adaptive power case.
Modeling and Automated Deployment of Serverless Applications Using TOSCA (2018)

The serverless computing paradigm brings multiple benefits to application developers who are interested in consuming computing resources as services without the need to manage physical capacities or limits. There are several deployment technologies and languages available suitable for deploying applications to a single cloud provider. However, for multi-cloud application deployments, multiple technologies have to be used and orchestrated. In addition, the event-driven nature of serverless computing imposes further requirements on modeling such application structures in order to automate their deployment. In this paper, we tackle these issues by introducing an event-driven deployment modeling approach using the standard Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) that fully employs the suggested standard lifecycle to provision and manage multi-cloud serverless applications. To show the feasibility of our approach, we extended the existing TOSCA-based ecosystem OpenTOSCA.
Qualification and reliability of thermoelectric coolers for use in laser modules (2002)

Reviews extensive data on both environmental testing and life testing (greater than one-million device hours of biased aging) of thermoelectric coolers (TECs) and discusses the dominant failure modes possible during a typical 20-year lifetime. Results indicate that the proper procurement, packaging, and screening of TECs can provide failure rates much less than the 1300 FITs quoted by Bellcore. The overall reliability of standard 18 couple TECs installed in the Astrotec Laser Module are found to be 359 FITs at 10 years, assuming a 40 degrees C T/sub HOT/ and a 20 degrees C Delta T. The random failure rate is 140 FITs at 60% confidence limit based on laboratory aging data alone.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-model Feature Integration For Texture Classification (2002)

The Wold texture model considers a textured pattern being composed of two main types of homogenous ran-dom fields, namely the deterministic and the indetermin-istic fields. The two fields can be represented by different type of models. It is known that, for textures, the multi-channel model based on Gabor function(Gabor model) is very effective for representing the deterministic fields, and a Gaussian Markov Random Field(GMRF) model is very effective in representing the indeterministic fields. In this paper, we propose to use both models for texture classifica-tion, in which features based on each model are integrated according to the consensus theory. A weighting parameter, the deterministic energy ratio determined from the spectrum distribution function, is used as the flexible weight in the consensus theory. In this way, a wider variety of textures can be better-represented and hence lead to better classifi-cation of the textures. 1.
Design and Evaluation of a Single‐Pivot Supported Centrifugal Blood Pump (2001)

In order to develop a centrifugal blood pump that meets the requirements of a long-term, implantable circulatory support device, in this study a single-pivot bearing supported centrifugal blood pump was designed to evaluate its basic performance. The single-pivot structure consisted of a ceramic ball male pivot mounted on the bottom surface of the impeller and a polyethylene female pivot incorporated in the bottom pump casing. The follower magnet mounted inside the impeller was magnetically coupled to the driver magnet mounted on the shaft of the direct current brushless motor. As the motor rotated, the impeller rotated supported entirely by a single-pivot bearing system. The static pump performance obtained in the mock circulatory loop revealed an acceptable performance as a left ventricular assist device in terms of flow and head pressure. The pump flow of 5 L/min against the head pressure of 100 mm Hg was obtained at rotational speeds of 2,000 to 2,200 rpm. The maximum pump flow was 9 L/min with 2,200 rpm. The maximum electrical-to-hydraulic power conversion efficiency was around 14% at pump flows of 4 to 5 L/min. The stability of the impeller was demonstrated at the pump rpm higher than 1,400 with a single-pivot bearing without an additional support at its top. The single-pivot supported centrifugal pump can provide adequate flow and pressure as a ventricular assist device, but its mechanical stability and hemolytic as well as thrombotic performances must be tested prior to clinical use.
Taking control of SARS customs programmes and understanding the legislation (2012)

South African international traders and other customs and excise clients of the SARS may have experienced a degree of confusion by SARS customs authorities in the last year with the bandying about of the words 'preferred trader programme', 'accredited client status' and 'voluntary disclosure programme' or 'VDP'. How do these concepts fit together, if at all? What route should traders follow if approached by SARS customs officers about these programmes? Are these terms based in law and what are the traders' rights and obligations?
Potential allosteric modulators of the proteasome activity (2010)

Proteasome, consisting of a tube-shaped proteolytic core particle and attached to it regulatory modules, is a multifunctional enzymatic complex essential for the ubiquitin-proteasome metabolic pathway. Due to its immense involvement in regulation of cellular physiology, the proteasome is an acknowledged anticancer drug target and potential target to treat inflammatory or degenerative diseases. So far, competitive inhibitors of the core particle gain most consideration as drugs. We postulate that noncompetitively-acting small-molecule compounds would provide excellent means to precisely regulate actions of the proteasome. In this study, we evaluated five short peptides based on sequences of two proteins known to interact with the core proteasome: HIV-1 Tat and PA28/REG activator. We performed Circular Dichroism (CD), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis, supplemented by MD simulations, and tested influence of the peptides on performance of the core particle active sites and functioning of regulatory modules. We found that PP2-containing Tat peptides are noncompetitive inhibitors of the core, interfering with the actions of PA28alphabeta activator. In addition, at low concentrations the turn-prone Tat2 is able to activate the latent core. The random coil-structured PA28-derived peptides display only weak or nondetectable direct effects on the core activities, exhibiting, however, a positive cooperation with activity-enhancing actions of PA28alphabeta.
A Responsive Battery with Controlled Energy Release (2016)

Abstract A new type of responsive battery with the fascinating feature of pressure perceptibility has been developed, which can spontaneously, timely and reliably control the power outputs (e.g., current and voltage) in response to pressure changes. The device design is based on the structure of the Zn–air battery, in which graphene‐coated sponge serves as pressure‐sensitive air cathode that endows the whole system with the capability of self‐controlled energy release. The responsive batteries exhibit superior battery performance with high open‐circuit voltage (1.3 V), and competitive areal capacity of 1.25 mAh cm −2 . This work presents an important move towards next‐generation intelligent energy storage devices with energy management function.