gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breaking tolerance to self, circulating natural killer cells expressing inhibitory KIR for non-self HLA exhibit effector function after T cell–depleted allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (2009)

Abstract Alloreactive natural killer (NK) cells are an important influence on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) outcome. In HLA-mismatched HSCT, alloreactivity occurs when licensed donor NK cells expressing inhibitory killer Ig-like receptors (KIR) for donor MHC class I ligands recognize the lack of the class I ligands in the mismatched recipient (“missing self”). Studies in HLA-matched HSCT, however, have also demonstrated improved outcome in patients lacking class I ligands for donor inhibitory KIR (“missing ligand”), indicating that classically nonlicensed donor NK cells expressing KIR for non-self MHC class I ligands may exhibit functional competence in HSCT. We examined NK function in 16 recipients of T cell–depleted allografts from HLA-identical or KIR-ligand matched donors after myeloablative therapy. After HSCT, nonlicensed NK cells expressing inhibitory KIR for non-self class I exhibit robust intracellular IFN-γ and cytotoxic response to target cells lacking cognate ligand, gradually becoming tolerized to self by day 100. These findings could not be correlated with cytokine environment or phenotypic markers of NK development, nor could they be attributed to non-KIR receptors such as CD94/NKG2A. These findings confirm that NK alloreactivity can occur in HLA-matched HSCT, where tolerance to self is either acquired by the stem cell–derived NK cell after exiting the bone marrow or where tolerance to self can be temporarily overcome.
Conformation dependent DNA photoligation via sensitizer tethered 5-carboxyvinyluracil (2002)

We report a novel template-directed reversible photoligation of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) via sensitizer tethered 5-carboxyvinyluracil. In this system, control of photoligation and photosplitting at 366 nm was possible through with or without template ODN.
Solar Energy Conversion (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Molecular Photochemical Energy Storage and Photosynthesis Heterogeneous Photocatalysis Wet‐Type Solar Cells
Development of a low-cost flexible modular robot GZ-I (2008)

This paper presents a low-cost modular robot called GZ-I which is an improved version of the Y1 modular robot. After a related survey on the previous work, all aspects of the new modular robot are introduced systematically. GZ-I features an easy-to-build mechanical structure, four connecting faces, an onboard easy-to-use electric controller, and a friendly programming environment. Each module owns one rotational degree of freedom. After connecting in different modes, active joints actuated by RC servos endow the connecting modules with the ability of changing shapes in two dimensions. Then two kinds of modular robots, a snake-like robot and a three-legged robot, are built as examples to confirm the feasibility of our design principle and the robotpsila s capabilities. In the end a conclusion and an outlook on future work are given.
Quaternary AlInGaN based vertically conducting light emitting diodes on SiC (2002)

One of the most promising approaches to developing solid-state light sources is the use of multicolor light emitting diodes, where relative intensity of primary colors in such diodes can be adjusted to yield white light. We demonstrate the use of a unique polarization energy band engineering (PEBE) approach for tuning of the emission spectra and relative intensities of AlInGaN-InGaN multiple quantum well (MQW) LED structures. This tuning is achieved by controlling the quantum well and barrier composition and by optimizing the thicknesses and number of the quantum wells. Tuning of polarization and strain induced electric fields using the quaternary (AlInGaN) barriers allows us to obtain a nearly independent control of built-in fields and quantum confinement. This, in turn, changes the positions and intensities of the emission peaks by changing the MQW potential profile. Preliminary results on vertically conducting devices (over n-type 4H-SiC) show a dramatic increase of over an order of magnitude in emission-intensity for the structures with AlGaInN barriers compared to those using conventional GaN barriers. We attribute this improvement to the reduction in piezo/spontaneous polarization fields and to the increase in the overlap integral. We also observed a strong nonmonotonic dependence of the PL intensity and the PL peak position on the level of silicon doping. These results are consistent with the expected effect of the electric field in the MQW on the PL intensity.
Free-radical chemistry of sulfite. (1985)

The free-radical chemistry of sulfite oxidation is reviewed. Chemical transformations of organic and biological molecules induced by sulfite oxidation are summarized. The kinetics of the free-radical oxidations of sulfite are discussed, as are the kinetics of the reactions of the sulfite-derived radicals SO3 and the peroxy derivative SO5 with organic compounds.
Brand Positioning (2012)

Abstract A hotel brand's unique selling proposition—the argument it makes to convince travelers to book its hotels instead of someone else's properties—is known as its market position. The position comprises the bundle of attributes that the hotel offers in an effort to meet guests' wants and needs. Ultimately, a brand's position is determined by its customers. Customers' perceptions of a hotel brand's position can be subdivided into specific attributes, which in turn can be depicted graphically on coordinate axes known as perceptual maps. This chapter describes the development of such perceptual maps and suggests how to use them to show how a hotel brand's customers view the brand and help to determine its competitive set. The results that were mapped for the study were based on data drawn from surveys of travel managers and travel agents published in 1989, 1990, and 1991.
Writing X.400 O/R Names (1994)

There is a need for human beings who use X.400 systems to be able to
write down O/R names in a uniform way. This memo is a discussion of
this topic. This memo provides information for the Internet Community.
It does not specify an Internet Standard of any kind.
The Need for Rapidly Solidified Powder Metallurgy Aluminum Alloys for Aerospace Applications (1986)

A need exists within the aerospace industry for the engineering properties promised by aluminum alloys produced by rapid solidification technology (RST). The extent to which these alloys will achieve technical and commercial success depends, however, upon (1) achievement of the engineering property goals, (2) the degree of success in the development of competitive materials, including other aluminum products, and (3) the economics of using such alloys for any given application, including the total production, fabrication, and life cycle costs for the material. Useful applications of the new RST aluminum alloys are envisioned for each of the three primary groups of aerospace vehicles: aircraft, missiles, and space vehicles. Each of these groups has a different general set of material property and cost objectives. The current powder metallurgy (PM) aluminum alloy development efforts for aerospace applications can be divided conveniently into three categories or classes of alloys: (1) high-strength, corrosion-resistant alloys; (2) low-density, high-modulus alloys; and (3) elevated-temperature, creep-resistant alloys. The development objectives for each of these alloy categories depend on the specific needs of the aerospace market for that category. The current status of progress in the development of the RST aluminum alloys indicates that some technical and economic success will be achieved in each category. The extent of this success is yet to be established. An assessment of various factors that affect the future course of development for these materials is presented.
Layout reconstruction of complex silicon chips (1993)

A semiautomated, fast-turnaround and high-reliability procedure for the layout reconstruction of complex VLSI circuits is presented together with details of the equipment and processes employed. The techniques have been verified using both simple CMOS gate array chips and complex VLSI microprocessor circuits and may be applied, in principle, to arbitrarily large or complex devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Methoden der Informationsverarbeitung in den meßgesteuerten Werkzeugmaschinen (1963)

Bei der Untersuchung der Möglichkeiten zur Informationsgewinnung in den meßgesteuerten Werkzeugmaschinen hat sich gezeigt, daß die Signale zur Steuerung im Toleranzfeld aus: benutzt bzw. gebildet werden.
Accuracy of Dengue Reporting by National Surveillance System, Brazil (2016)

One day after admission, the patient was discharged with empirically prescribed ciprofloxacin and metronidazole for 7 days. After 4 days, aerobic blood culture was positive for motile, fusiform, gram-negative bacilli, suggestive of strictly aerobic bacteria that could not be identified directly (Figure, panels B, C). After 7 days of incubation under a microaerophilic atmosphere only, a blood subculture isolate was obtained; 23S and 16S rDNA sequencing (online Technical Appendix, http://wwwnc.cdc. gov/EID/article/22/2/15-0287-Techapp1.pdf) identified this isolate as H. trogontum. Of note, use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany) did not enable identification of the bacterium.
Diagnosis of <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> Infection by PCR Using Vaginal Swab Samples (1998)

Trichomonas vaginalis infection is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the world. A PCR test using vaginal swab samples for the detection of T. vaginalis was developed to add T. vaginalis infection to the growing list of STDs that can be detected by DNA amplification techniques. A primer set, BTUB 9/2, was designed to target a well-conserved region in the beta-tubulin genes of T. vaginalis. All strains (15 of 15) of T. vaginalis tested were successfully detected by PCR giving a single predicted product of 112 bp in gel electrophoresis. No such targeted product was amplified with DNA from Trichomonas tenax, Trichomonas gallinae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Giardia lamblia, Chilomastix sulcatus, Dientamoeba fragilis, and Entamoeba histolytica. An optimal analytical sensitivity of one T. vaginalis organism per PCR was achieved. Culture, performed with the Inpouch TV culture system, was examined daily with a light microscope to identify T. vaginalis. Twenty-three of 350 (6.6%) vaginal swab samples from women attending an army medical clinic were culture positive for T. vaginalis. Of these culture positive specimens, PCR detected 22 of 23 (96%) with primer set BTUB 9/2, and wet preparation detected only 12 of 23 (52%). Seventeen specimens were BTUB 9/2-PCR positive and culture negative. Ten of these discordant specimens were determined to be as true positive by PCR using primer sets TVA 5-1/6 and/or AP65 A/B, which target different regions in the T. vaginalis genome, and seven were determined to be false positive. The sensitivity of BTUB 9/2-PCR was 97% and the specificity was 98%. The sensitivities of culture and wet preparation were 70 and 36%, respectively. The diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection by PCR is a sensitive and specific method that could be incorporated into a joint strategy for the screening of multiple STDs by using molecular amplification methods.
Iron oxide nanorods as high-performance magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents (2015)

An efficient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent with a high R2 relaxivity value is achieved by controlling the shape of iron oxide to rod like morphology with a length of 30-70 nm and diameter of 4-12 nm. Fe3O4 nanorods of 70 nm length, encapsulated with polyethyleneimine show a very high R2 relaxivity value of 608 mM(-1) s(-1). The enhanced MRI contrast of nanorods is attributed to their higher surface area and anisotropic morphology. The higher surface area induces a stronger magnetic field perturbation over a larger volume more effectively for the outer sphere protons. The shape anisotropy contribution is understood by calculating the local magnetic field of nanorods and spherical nanoparticles under an applied magnetic field (3 Tesla). As compared to spherical geometry, the induced magnetic field of a rod is stronger and hence the stronger magnetic field over a large volume leads to a higher R2 relaxivity of nanorods.
Novel Approach to the Analysis of Broadband Dielectric Spectra (1996)

Broadband dielectric spectra are usually fitted to a superposition of contributions from one or several parametrized processes (Debye, Havriliak-Negami, etc.). This work proposes instead to extract continuous distributions of relaxation times from complex dielectric spectra by solving a Fredholm integral equation using the Tikhonov regularization technique with a self-consistent choice of the regularization parameter. This method is stable with respect to the noise and resolves multiple dynamical processes. An experimental example of salol adsorbed on microporous glass is analyzed.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging (2019)

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a method for surface analysis that was introduced at the end of the twentieth century, and since then a huge development of this technique can be observed. It is widely used in biological, biochemical, and medical research. MSI technique combines two elements. The first is the ability to obtain the mass spectrum of a given point on the surface, which provides information about the molecules present in this particular point. The second element is the design of the ion source, which enables movement of the examined surface in the x- and y-axis. The most widespread MS techniques for imaging are secondary ion mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, and desorption electrospray ionization. Each of them allows for the analysis of slightly different types of molecules. The chapter discusses their advantages and disadvantages in the context of surface imaging as well as exemplary applications.
A test for the poisson distribution (2002)

We consider the problem of testing whether a sample of observations comes from a single Poisson distribution. Of particular interest is the alternative that the observations come from Poisson distributions with different parameters. Such a situation would correspond to the frequently discussed situation of overdispersion. We propose a new test for this problem that is based on Anscombe's variance stabilizing transformation. There are a number of tests commonly proposed, and we compare the performance of these tests under the null hypothesis with that of our new test. We find that the performance of our test is competitive with the two best of these. The asymptotic distribution of the new test is derived and discussed. Use of these tests is illustrated through two examples of analysis of call-arrival times from a telephone call center. The example facilitates careful discussion of the performance of the tests for small parameter values and moderately large sample sizes.
2,2′:6′,2″-Terpyridine (terpy) acting as a fluxional bidentate ligand. Part 1. Trimethylplatinum(<scp>IV</scp>) halide complexes [PtXMe<sub>3</sub>(terpy)](X = Cl, Br or I): nuclear magnetic resonance studies of their solution dynamics and crystal structure of [PtIMe<sub>3</sub>(terpy)] (1993)

2,2′:6′,2″-Terpyridine (terpy) reacts with trimethylplatinum halides [(PtXMe3)4](X = Cl, Br or I) to form stable octahedral complexes fac-[PtXMe3(terpy)](X = Cl, Br or I) in which the terpy molecule is acting as a bidentate chelate ligand. In solution the complexes are fluxional with the ligand oscillating between equivalent bidentate bonding modes by a mechanism consisting of ‘tick-tock’ twists of the metal moiety through an angle equal to the N–Pt–N angle of the octahedral centre. At below-ambient temperatures rotation of the unco-ordinated pyridine ring is severely restricted with the most favoured rotamers having the plane of the pendant pyridine ring at an angle of ca. 52° with respect to the adjacent co-ordinated pyridine ring plane. The X-ray crystal structure of [PtIMe3(terpy)] depicts the pendant pyridine N atom cis to iodine and this is the predominant species in solution at low temperatures. At above-ambient temperatures the complexes exhibit intramolecular Pt–Me exchange of axial and equatorial environments. Energy data based on accurate dynamic NMR fittings are reported for the three dynamic processes, namely pendant pyridine rotation, 1,4-Pt–N metallotopic shifts and Pt–Me scramblings.
Delivery of a hammerhead ribozyme specifically down-regulates the production of fibrillin-1 by cultured dermal fibroblasts (1996)

The hammerhead ribozyme is a small catalytic RNA molecule. Potential hammerhead ribozymes that possess a catalytic domain and flanking sequence complementary to a target mRNA can cleave in trans at a putative cleavage site within the target molecule. We have investigated the potential of hammerhead ribozymes to down-regulate the product of the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1). Fibrillin is a 347 kDa glycoprotein that is a major constituent of the elastin-associated microfibrils. Mutations in the FBN1 gene are responsible for Marfan syndrome (MFS), a common systemic disorder of the connective tissue. Many FBN1 mutations responsible for MFS appear to act in a dominant-negative fashion, raising the possibility that reduction of the amount of product from the mutant FBN1 allele might be a valid therapeutic approach for MFS. A trans-acting hammerhead ribozyme (FBN1-RZ1) targeted to the 5' end of the human FBN1 mRNA has been designed and synthesized, and shown to cleave its target efficiently in vitro. FBN1-RZ1 cleavage is magnesium dependent and efficient at both 37 and 50 degrees C. Delivery of the FBN1-RZ1 ribozyme into cultured dermal fibroblasts, by receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ribozyme-transferrin-polylysine complex, specifically reduces both cellular FBN1 mRNA and the deposition of fibrillin in the extracellular matrix. These results suggest that the use of hammerhead ribozymes is a valid approach to the study of fibrillin gene expression and possibly to the development of a therapeutic approach to MFS.
Enhanced Environmental Stability of Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Blade‐Coating (2014)

A simple and effective method to prepare air-processable perovskite films is ­developed. The blade-coated ­perovskite films feature self-assembled ­air-protection patches, and solar cells based on these film showed significantly improved air-­stability with high power conversion efficiencies up to 9.52%. It is also ­demonstrated that the blade-coating process is applicable to the fabrication of high efficiency (12.21%) perovskite solar cells. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Ray Matrix Method For The Analysis Of Optical Resonators With Image Rotation (1986)

A ray-matrix method for the analysis of resonators with image rotation is derived and used to determine alignment sensitivities and other properties.
Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Is Required for Yolk Lipid Utilization and Absorption of Dietary Lipids in Zebrafish Larvae (2006)

Although the absorption, transport, and catabolism of dietary lipids have been studied extensively in great detail in mammals and other vertebrates, a tractable genetic system for identifying novel genes involved in these physiologic processes is not available. To establish such a model, we monitored neutral lipid by staining fixed zebrafish larvae with oil red o (ORO). The head structures, heart, vasculature, and swim bladder stained with ORO until the yolk was consumed 6 days after fertilization (6 dpf). Thereafter, the heart and vasculature no longer had stainable neutral lipids. Following a high-fat meal, ORO stained the intestine and vasculature of 6 dpf larvae, and whole-larval triacylglycerol (TAG) and apolipoprotein B levels increased. Levels of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mtp), the protein responsible for packaging TAG and betalipoproteins into lipoprotein particles, were unchanged by feeding. Since the developing zebrafish embryo expresses mtp in the yolk cell layer, liver, and intestine, we determined the effect of targeted knockdown of Mtp expression using an antisense morpholino oligonucleotide approach (Mtp MO) on the transport of yolk and dietary lipids. Mtp MO injection led to loss of Mtp expression and of lipid staining in the vasculature, heart, and head structures. Mtp MO-injected larvae were smaller than age-matched, uninjected larvae, consumed very little yolk, and did not absorb dietary neutral lipids; however, they absorbed a short chain fatty acid that does not require Mtp for transport. Importantly, the vasculature appeared unaffected in Mtp MO-injected larvae. These studies indicate that zebrafish larvae are suitable for genetic studies of lipid transport and metabolism.
Zur 1,3(<i>N</i>→<i>N</i>)‐Wanderung <i>N</i>‐heterosubstituierter <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′‐Dimethylbenzamidine (1980)

Abstract Zwischen den beiden N‐Atomen in N , N ′‐Dimethylbenzamidin wandern Heterosubstituenten wie Chlor, Diphenylsulfonio, Triphenylphosphonio und Triphenylarsonio mehr oder weniger schnell hin und her. Demgegenüber bevorzugt die Triphenylstibonio‐Gruppe einen Vierring‐Chelat‐komplex mit sechs Liganden.
Mining weakly labeled web facial images for search-based face annotation (2011)

In this paper, we investigate a search-based face annotation framework by mining weakly labeled facial images that are freely available on the internet. A key component of such a search-based annotation paradigm is to build a database of facial images with accurate labels. This is however challenging since facial images on the WWW are often noisy and incomplete. To improve the label quality of raw web facial images, we propose an effective Unsupervised Label Refinement (ULR) approach for refining the labels of web facial images by exploring machine learning techniques. We develop effective optimization algorithms to solve the large-scale learning tasks efficiently, and conduct an extensive empirical study on a web facial image database with 400 persons and 40,000 web facial images. Encouraging results showed that the proposed ULR technique can significantly boost the performance of the promising search-based face annotation scheme.