gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase-shift-key modulation for multimedia multicast transmission in mobile wireless networks (2002)

It is a common requirement in a mobile wireless communication network that a radio must be able to transmit a message simultaneously to two or more neighbors in the network. Some of the intended recipients may be more capable than others in the sense that their communication links from the transmitter have less interference, fading, or attenuation. Because it is desirable that a multicast transmission be demodulated and decoded successfully by all radios for which it is intended, the usual approach is to limit the transmission rate to that which can be demodulated and decoded by the least capable receiver among the intended recipients. In this paper multiple-phase-shift-key signal constellations are designed to increase the throughput of multicast transmissions by delivering additional information to more capable receivers along with the multicast message. This additional throughput can be employed to transmit multimedia messages (e.g., voice and data) to the more capable receivers.
Purification and properties of protoporphyrinogen oxidase from an anaerobic bacterium, Desulfovibrio gigas (1987)

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase has been solubilized from plasma membranes of Desulfovibrio gigas. The enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity with single silver-stained protein bands on isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. This protoporphyrinogen oxidase has a molecular weight (Mr) of 148,000 and is composed of three dissimilar subunits of Mrs 12,000, 18,500, and 57,000, which are held together by sulfhydryl bonds. Unlike other protoporphyrinogen oxidases, which use molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor, this enzyme does not couple to oxygen. The protoporphyrinogen oxidase donates electrons to 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol but not to NAD+, NADP+, flavin adenine dinucleotide, or flavin mononucleotide. The natural physiological electron acceptor of the protoporphyrinogen oxidase from D. gigas is unknown. By using 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as the electron acceptor, the Km and Vmax values for oxidation of protoporphyrinogen were determined to be 21 microM and 8.38 nmol/min per 70 micrograms of protein, respectively. The catalytic rate constant, Kcat, was calculated to be 17.7 mol of protoporphyrin formed per mole of enzyme per min of incubation, and the Kcat/Km was 0.84. Energies of activation were calculated from Arrhenius plots with 7,429 cal (ca. 31,080 J)/mol per degree below 10 degrees C and 1,455 cal (ca. 6,088, J)/mol per degree above 10 degrees C. Optimum enzyme activity was at 23 degrees C, and inhibition was observed with both N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide.
Conclusion (1994)

The results of the foregoing chapters are intended to provide empirical researchers with an appreciation of the dangers of taking one's explanatory models too literally, and with tools for coping with the necessity of using models, which by their very nature as human artifacts, may be misspecified to greater or lesser extent.
Reconstruction artefacts in magnetic induction tomography due to patient's movement during data acquisition (2009)

Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) attempts to obtain the distribution of passive electrical properties inside the body. Eddy currents are induced in the body using an array of transmitter coils and the magnetic fields of these currents are measured by receiver coils. In clinical usage, the relative position of the coils to the body can change during data acquisition because of the expected/unexpected movements of the patient. Especially in respiration monitoring these movements will inevitably cause artefacts in the reconstructed images. In this paper, this effect was investigated for both state and frequency differential variants of MIT. It was found that a slight shift of the body in the transverse plane causes spurious perturbations on the surface. In reconstructions, this artefact on the surface propagates towards the centre in an oscillatory manner. It was observed that the movement can corrupt all the valuable information in state differential MIT, while frequency differential MIT seems more robust against movement effects. A filtering strategy is offered in order to decrease the movement artefacts in the images. To this end, monitoring of the patient's movement during data acquisition is required.
The heat equation shrinking convex plane curves (1986)

Let M and M' be Riemannian manifolds and F: M - M' a smooth map
Efficacy of a novel hemostatic agent in animal models of impaired hemostasis (2000)

This study evaluated the efficacy of a novel sprayable hemostat under both normal conditions and those of compromised coagulation. CoStasistrade mark Surgical Hemostat ("CoStasis"), containing collagen, thrombin, and autologous plasma, was compared to Instattrade mark collagen sponge, an investigational fibrin sealant, and a no treatment control, for the ability to control bleeding in a rabbit kidney model. Hemostatic performance was determined by time to hemostasis and blood loss in a nonsurvival, randomized, in vivo bleeding rabbit kidney model. Under conditions of normal coagulation, as well as aspirin and heparin treatment, hemostasis was achieved faster with CoStasistrade mark than with Instattrade mark and fibrin sealant. With the exception of the time to hemostasis using Instattrade mark sponge in heparinized rabbits, all differences were statistically significant (p < 0.03, Wilcoxon). Blood loss, where measured, was lower with CoStasistrade mark than with the other hemostats under the three coagulation conditions. Statistical significance, (p < 0.03, Wilcoxon), was achieved with all comparisons except with fibrin sealant in aspirin treated animals. The combination of collagen, thrombin, and autologous plasma used in CoStasis, can achieve significantly faster hemostasis than the conventional atraumatic hemostats, collagen sponge, and fibrin sealant under normal conditions and conditions of impaired hemostasis.
Development and Testing of PRD-66 Hot Gas Filters (1996)

The overall objective of this program is to develop and commercialize PRD-66 hot gas filters for application in pressurized fluidized bed combustors (PFBC) and Integrated Gas Combined Cycle (IGCC) power generation systems. The work is being carried out in phases with the following specific objectives: 1. Demonstrate acceptable mechanical, chemical, and filtration properties in exposure tests. 2. Produce and qualify selected prototype design filter elements in high temperature high pressure (HTHP) simulated PFBC exposure tests. 3. (Option) Generate a manufacturing plan to support commercial scale-up. 4. (Option) Recommend process equipment upgrades and produce 50 candle filters. Since the beginning of this program, a parallel evaluation of DuPont Lanxide Composites Inc. (DLC) PRD-66 hot gas candle filters took place using AEP`s TIDD PFBC facility. Several PRD-66 filters experienced damage during the final testing phase at TIDD, after highly successful testing in earlier runs. During the past year, DLC has undertaken a study under this contract to understand the mechanism of damage sustained in TIDD Test Segment 5. DLC has formulated a hypothesis for the damage mechanism based on the available evidence, and verified that the damage mechanism is possible given the conditions known to exist in TIDD. Improvements to the filter design to eliminate the root cause of the failure have been undertaken. This report details DLC`s conclusions regarding the failure mechanism, the evidence supporting the conclusions, and steps being taken to eliminate the root cause.
Robust and Invariant Phase Based Local Feature Matching (2014)

Any feature matching algorithm needs to be robust, producing few false positives but also needs to be invariant to changes in rotation, illumination and scale. Several improvements are proposed to a previously published Phase Correlation based algorithm, which operates on local disc areas, using the Log Polar Transform to sample the disc neighborhood and the FFT to obtain the phase. It will be shown that the matching can be done in the frequency domain directly, using the Chi-squared distance, instead of computing the cross power spectrum. Moreover, it will be shown how combining these methods yields an algorithm that sorts out a majority of the false positives. The need for a peak to sub lobe ratio computation in order to cope with sub pixel accuracy will be discussed as well as how the FFT of the periodic component can enhance the matching. The result is a robust local feature matcher that is able to cope with rotational, illumination and scale differences to a certain degree.
Learning and detecting emergent behavior in networks of cardiac myocytes (2009)

We address the problem of specifying and detecting emergent behavior in networks of cardiac myocytes, spiral electric waves in particular, a precursor to atrial and ventricular fibrillation. To solve this problem we: (1) apply discrete mode abstraction to the cycle-linear hybrid automata (CLHA) we have recently developed for modeling the behavior of myocyte networks; (2) introduce the new concept of spatial superposition of CLHA modes; (3) develop a new spatial logic, based on spatial superposition, for specifying emergent behavior; (4) devise a new method for learning the formulae of this logic from the spatial patterns under investigation; and (5) apply bounded model checking to detect the onset of spiral waves. We have implemented our methodology as the EMERALD tool suite, a component of our EHA framework for specification, simulation, analysis, and control of excitable hybrid automata. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach by applying EMERALD to the scalar electrical fields produced by our CELLEXCITE simulation environment for excitable-cell networks.
Measurement of electro-optic effect in N-(4-Nitrophenyl)-L-Prolinol (NPP) single crystal films (1996)

Summary form only given. Large area single crystal films of N-(4-Nitrophenyl)-L-Prolinol (NPP) were prepared by a modified shear method. The method of direct coating was used to deposit electrodes on the surface of the single crystal film. Electrodes with different orientations with respect to the charge transfer axis of the molecules were deposited and the electro-optic effect was measured for different electric field orientations. The relationship between electric field orientation and electro-optic effect in these films was determined.
Quetiapine in the treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders (2007)

Quetiapine was developed in 1985 by scientists at AstraZeneca (formerly Zeneca) Pharmaceuticals. It received official US Food and Drug Administration approval in September 1997 and approval in Germany in 2000. Since then, quetiapine has been used in the treatment of severe mental illness in approximately 70 countries including Canada, most Western European countries, and Japan. Quetiapine is a dibenzothiazepine derivative with a relatively broad receptor binding profile. It has major affinity to cerebral serotonergic (5HT(2A)), histaminergic (H1), and dopaminergic D(1) and D(2) receptors, moderate affinity to alpha(1)- und alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors, and minor affinity to muscarinergic M1 receptors; it demonstrates a substantial selectivity for the limbic system. This receptor occupancy profile with relatively higher affinity for the 5HT(2A) receptor compared with the D(2) receptor is in part responsible for the antipsychotic characteristics and low incidence of extrapyramidal side-effects of quetiapine. The efficacy of quetiapine in reducing positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia has been proven in several clinical trials with placebo-controlled comparators. Quetiapine has also demonstrated robust efficacy for treatment of cognitive, anxious-depressive, and aggressive symptoms in schizophrenia. Long-term trials show sustained tolerability for a broad spectrum of symptoms. Quetiapine has also proven efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of moderate to severe manic episodes, and in the treatment of juveniles with oppositional-defiant or conduct disorders, and in the geriatric dementia population. Recent data indicate that quetiapine may also be effective in the treatment of bipolar depressive symptoms without increasing the risk of triggering manic episodes, and in borderline personality disorder. In comparison with other antipsychotics, quetiapine has a favorable side-effect profile. In clinical trials only small insignificant prolongations of the QT interval were observed. Weight-gain liabilities and new-onset metabolic side-effects occupy a middle-ground among newer antipsychotics. As a result of its good efficacy and tolerability profile quetiapine has become well established in the treatment of schizophrenia and manic episodes.
A MICRO‐PENETRATION TECHNIQUE FOR MECHANICAL TESTING OF PLANT CELL WALLS (1996)

ABSTRACT A close examination of mechanical “noise” produced during the cutting of potato tuber parenchyma tissue suggested that the signals reflected the summation of the stretching and breaking of individual cell walls. Replacement of the cutting blade by a thin parallel‐sided glass probe, together with the use of very sensitive load‐ and deflection‐transducers, produced a micro‐penetration test capable of resolving individual cell‐wall stretching and breaking events. The use of such data to provide information about mean cell diameters, cell wall fracture energies and cell wall stiffness, together with associated limitations, is discussed.
Synthesis of Analogues of Acyclic Nucleoside Diphosphates Containing a (Phosphonomethyl)phosphanyl Moiety and Studies of Their Phosphorylation (2009)

Abstract Acyclic nucleoside diphosphonate derivatives of purines and pyrimidines were prepared by Mitsunobu reaction of suitably protected heterocyclic bases with alcohols containing the (phosphonomethyl)phosphanyl moiety. Furthermore, nonhydrolyzable acyclic analogues of dUDP were prepared as potential inhibitors of dUTPase. Their phosphorylation to analogues of dUTP, however, gave mixtures of linear and branched phosphates. The courses of the phosphorylation reactions were followed by 31 P NMR spectroscopy, and we discovered that both phosphonate and phosphinate moieties react with 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole and tri‐ n ‐butylammonium phosphate. The p K a values of the (phosphonomethyl)phosphanyl system were also determined by 31 P NMR spectroscopy (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Engineering Genetically-Encoded Mineralization and Magnetism via Directed Evolution (2016)

Genetically encoding the synthesis of functional nanomaterials such as magnetic nanoparticles enables sensitive and non-invasive biological sensing and control. Via directed evolution of the natural iron-sequestering ferritin protein, we discovered key mutations that lead to significantly enhanced cellular magnetism, resulting in increased physical attraction of ferritin-expressing cells to magnets and increased contrast for cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The magnetic mutants further demonstrate increased iron biomineralization measured by a novel fluorescent genetic sensor for intracellular free iron. In addition, we engineered Escherichia coli cells with multiple genomic knockouts to increase cellular accumulation of various metals. Lastly to explore further protein candidates for biomagnetism, we characterized members of the DUF892 family using the iron sensor and magnetic columns, confirming their intracellular iron sequestration that results in increased cellular magnetization.
The profile of fogo selvagem (endemic pemphigus foliaceus) at the University Hospital of Brasilia–Brazil. Epidemiological and clinical considerations (2005)

In the present study, the disease affected patients from a higher sociocultural class than previously described. Furthermore, in contrast to other reports, a substantial number of the patients lived in urban areas, although often spending some time in a rural setting for leisure or professional activities. This study suggests that the longer the follow up, the higher the likelihood that the disease would progress to a more controlled clinical presentation. Scalp lesions were not related to adverse prognosis. Sun, heat and infections act as triggering factors for the immunological imbalance, worsening the disease.
Network‐accessible resources and the redefinition of technical services (1997)

States that as use of networks becomes more innovative and widespread in higher education libraries, current approaches to the organization of network‐accessible resources reveal flaws. Moving forward from the recommendations of the Follett Report, and adopting an approach which seeks to redefine conceptually conventional practices and standards the study examines, from a technical services perspective, issues and approaches relating to the development of existing cataloguing rules and practices, and machine‐readable standards, and proposes these standards as the most effective means of enhancing accessibility to electronic resources. Characterizes the current period as one of organizational, technological and conceptual transition, and addresses the broader issue of academic network‐accessibility in the local, regional, national and international context. Additionally, identifies the challenges to and implications for conventional, and future, technical services operations of these trends.
Puentes, catalejos y pantallas: el guión de cine como fuente de recursos retóricos en la novela española contemporánea (2002)

Luis Bufiuel 16-17)
Peroxyl radical oxidation of .beta.-carotene: formation of .beta.-carotene epoxides (1991)

A chemical model system was used to study peroxyl radical trapping reactions of beta-carotene (1) that may contribute to its antioxidant action in biological systems. Peroxyl radicals generated in hexane by thermolysis of azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN) at 37 degrees C oxidized 1 to 5,6-epoxy-beta,beta-carotene (2) and a previously unreported product, 15,15'-epoxy-beta,beta-carotene (6), in addition to several unidentified polar products. The epoxide products were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and 1H NMR. Epoxides 2 and 6 and the polar products were formed together from the initial stages of the reaction. As the reaction progressed, the epoxides were oxidized further to more polar products. Although epoxides 2 and 6 were formed at similar rates, 2 was oxidized more rapidly than 6. Incubations with [14C]-1 indicate that at their maximum concentrations 2 and 6 account for approximately 20% of the radiolabeled oxidation products. Epoxide formation may result from peroxyl radical addition to the polyene chain to form a resonance-stabilized peroxyl radical adduct. Peroxide bond scission would yield the epoxide and release an alkoxyl radical. Although this two-step sequence produces no net radical trapping, it could produce a kinetically significant inhibition of peroxyl radical propagation and account, in part, for the antioxidant properties of 1. Epoxides 2 and 6 are structurally distinct from retinoids, which are the metabolic products of 1, and therefore may be useful biochemical markers for its antioxidant actions.
Adjuvant hormonal therapy for premenopausal women with breast cancer. (2003)

Hormonal manipulation has been used for over 100 years to treat breast cancer. Ovarian ablation/suppression and tamoxifen are currently accepted adjuvant endocrine therapies for premenopausal breast cancer. Methods of permanently ablating ovarian function include surgical oophorectomy and radiation-induced ovarian failure; medical castration with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues is a reversible approach. Adjuvant chemotherapy frequently results in permanent amenorrhea and thus represents an indirect form of ovarian ablation. Although early randomized trials of ovarian ablation suffered from small sample sizes and design flaws, a meta-analysis of their results through the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group demonstrated a clear benefit from ovarian ablation as a single intervention in the adjuvant treatment of women less than 50 years of age with breast cancer. The Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group meta-analysis also demonstrated the efficacy of 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen as a single treatment modality, regardless of age. Even with these improvements in disease-free and overall survival, several important questions remain unanswered. The relative efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy versus ovarian ablation/suppression has not been strictly defined. However, the data suggest that the clinical benefit of either chemotherapy or ovarian ablation/suppression and 5 years of tamoxifen is similar. Thus, ovarian ablation/suppression combined with tamoxifen is a reasonable alternative to chemotherapy for some women with good-risk early-stage breast cancer (high hormone receptor expression, low-grade or lymph node-negative disease), particularly those wishing to preserve fertility. The value of combining ovarian ablation/suppression with chemotherapy, other endocrine therapy, or both and ameliorating the long-term morbidity of estrogen deprivation remain important areas for investigation. With the advent of multiple targeted endocrine therapies with distinct mechanisms of action, there is a unique opportunity to design highly informative clinical trials that can define the optimal combinations and sequencing of hormonal therapies in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer.
A wishbone compatible SD card mass storage controller for embedded usage (2009)

The purpose with this thesis was to develop an open source SD card controller IP core for usage insmall embedded system, emphasis has been laid on using as few logic gates as possible, providingan easy user interface and making it viable as a system disk controller. For the most part, the lack of a complete open SD specification has mainly affected embeddedsystems, since desktop users generally read SD cards via USB-based card readers. But recentopenings of the SD specification have made it possible to develop SD-card readers which areutilizing the SD bus protocol. Implementation has been done in Verilog for the hardware parts, and the software was developedin C. The proposed design has features common in disk controllers, like direct memory access,interrupt generation, and error control. The design uses approximately 4000 core cells and 2 RAM blocks, about 50% less logic then acommercial alternative (Eureka EP560 ). Also a second smaller core was developed by makingfew modifications of the full design, thereby showing the strength of a freely modifiable open IPcore.
Post‐transcriptional regulation of the <i>gro</i>EL1 gene of <i>Streptomyces</i> albus (1994)

Thermally induced expression of the heat-shock gene groEL is subject to post-transcriptional regulation in Streptomyces albus. When S. albus cells were shifted from 30 degrees C to 41 degrees C, synthesis of three GroEL-like proteins was induced from two genes transcribed from associated promoters P1 and P2. Surprisingly, analyses of transcriptional fusions of these promoters with various reporter genes indicated constitutive expression independent of heat shock. In contrast, neo expression was thermally inducible as a GroEL1-APH translational fusion protein. Furthermore, expression of the groEL1-neo gene was heat inducible even after the groEL1 promoter region was replaced by a heterologous non-heat-inducible promoter such as the Escherichia coli lac promoter. Finally, synthesis of GroE proteins, as well as the GroEL-APH fusion protein, was heat inducible when their transcription was inhibited by rifampicin. Post-transcriptional regulatory signals needed for heat-induced GroEL1 synthesis were mapped within of the groEL1 structural gene.
Defective cell cycle checkpoint response to DNA double strand breaks is associated with altered patterns of gene expression (2006)

Kaufmann, W.; Nevis, K.; Qu, P.; Ibrahim, J.; Zhou, T.; Zhou, Y.; Simpson, D.; Helms, J.; Cordeiro-Stone, M.; Sharpless, N. Author Information