gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Long and Short Residue Properties of Crude Oils from Their Infrared and Near-Infrared Spectra (2008)

Research has been carried out to determine the feasibility of chemometric modeling of infrared (IR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectra of crude oils to predict the long residue (LR) and short residue (SR) properties of these samples. A novel method is described to predict short residue properties at different flashing temperatures based on the IR spectrum of a crude oil measured at room temperature. The resulting method is the subject of European patent application number 07251853.3 filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. The study has been carried out on 47 crude oils and 4 blends, representing a large variety of physical and chemical properties. From this set, 28 representative samples were selected by principle component analysis (PCA) and used for calibration. The remaining 23 samples were used as a test set to validate the obtained partial least squares (PLS) regression models. The results demonstrate that this integrated approach offers a fast and viable alternative for the currently applied elaborate ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and IP (Institute of Petroleum) methods. IR spectra, in particular, were found to be a useful input for the prediction of different LR properties. Root mean square error of prediction values of the same order of magnitude as the reproducibility values of the ASTM methods were obtained for yield long on crude (YLC), density (D(LR)), viscosity (V(LR)), and pour point (PP), while the ability to predict the sulfur contents (S) and the carbon residue (CR) was found to be useful for indicative purposes. The prediction of SR properties is also promising. Modeling of the IR spectra, and to a lesser extent, the NIR spectra as a function of the average flash temperature (AFT) was particularly successful for the prediction of the short residue properties density (D(SR)) and viscosity (V(SR)). Similar results were obtained from the models to predict SR properties as a function of the yield short on crude (YSC) values. Finally, it was concluded that the applied protocol including sample pretreatment and instrumental measurement is highly reproducible and instrument and accessory independent.
Acute- and chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia colony-forming units are highly sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (1992)

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that malignant hematopoietic colony- forming units (CFUs) may be purged from normal CFU by exposure to c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (oligomers). This novel strategy appeared particularly promising for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blast crisis, since in some cases complete elimination of bcr-abl-expressing cells was accomplished. We have examined 11 additional patients, including seven in chronic phase, in order to extend these initial observations. We sought in particular to determine if elimination of bcr-abl-expressing clones was a usual event. Exposure of CML cells to c-myb antisense oligomers resulted in inhibition of CFU-granulocyte, macrophage (CFU-GM)-derived colony formation in eight of 11 (73%) cases evaluated. Inhibition was antisense sequence-specific, dose-dependent, ranged between 58% and 93%, and was statistically significant (P less than or equal to .03) in seven of the eight cases. In two cases, CFU-granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM)-derived colony formation was also examined and found to be inhibited by the c-myb antisense oligomers in a sequence-specific manner. To determine whether CML CFU had been reduced or eliminated after exposure to the antisense oligomers, we examined cells in the residual colonies for bcr-abl mRNA expression using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detection technique (RT-PCR). Eight cases were evaluated and in each case where antisense myb inhibited growth, bcr-abl expression as detected by RT- PCR was either greatly decreased or nondetectable. No residual leukemic CFU were demonstrable on replating of treated cells. These results suggest that c-myb antisense oligomers substantially inhibit the growth and survival of CML CFU in both chronic and blast phase of disease. They may therefore prove useful for both ex vivo and in vivo treatment of CML.
Scalable, Real-Time Map-Matching Using IBM's System S (2010)

Vehicle GPS data is an essential "raw" material for a broad range of applications such as traffic management and control, routing, and navigation. To become useful, the data has to be related to the underlying road network by means of map matching algorithms, which are often computationally expensive. In addition, GPS data is not accurate and often needs to be cleaned to remove erroneous observations. In this paper, we describe how map matching can be run on IBM's System S, which provides a platform to run stream processing applications in a scalable manner. We show how various features of System S, including a component based programming model, data pipelining and parallelization of computation, help us to scale the map-matching and data cleaning processes, both as the rate of incoming GPS data increases and as the size of the underlying road network increases. We provide results of performance evaluations, where we show our system can match GPS data arriving at a rate of 1 million points per second onto a map with 1 billion links.
Current regenerative Schmitt triggers with tunable hysteresis (2009)

A new current-regenerative Schmitt trigger is proposed and its characteristics are quantified both analytically and numerically. The center and width of the hysteresis of the proposed Schmitt trigger can be tuned. The low-impedance of the critical nodes of the Schmitt trigger enables it to operate at high frequencies. The proposed Schmitt trigger has been designed in TSMC-0.18 mum 1.8 V CMOS technology and analyzed using Spectre from Cadence Design Systems with BSIM3V3 device models. Simulation results are presented.
New taxa and combinations (2006)

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Orally and Rectally Administered Streptokinase (1981)

The absorption and activity of orally and rectally administered streptokinase was investigated. No difference was found between the levels of plasminogen activators and antistreptokinase antibodies before and after oral or rectal administration of streptokinase-streptodornase (Varidase), nor was there any difference in the hematoma resorption times between patients treated with oral streptokinase and a control group. We found no evidence of streptokinase absorption or increased fibrinolytic activity in plasma after oral or rectal administration in our patients.
Campylobacter Infection Associated With Raw Milk (1986)

Raw milk is identified with increasing numbers of outbreaks of gastroenteritis and is an important vehicle for transmission of Campylobacter infection. Unlike Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus has not been associated with common-source outbreaks of gastroenteritis. This report describes an outbreak of gastroenteritis involving C jejuni and a thermotolerant strain of C fetus subsp fetus associated with raw milk. Fifteen (39%) of 38 persons who attended a banquet in Wisconsin in June 1982 developed acute gastroenteritis. Stool specimens were obtained from nine ill guests; four yielded C jejuni and three yielded C fetus subsp fetus. The C fetus subsp fetus isolates were identified fortuitously, in part because of unusual thermotolerance (growth at 42 degrees C), permitting isolation at temperature appropriate for C jejuni. Survey results implicated raw milk as the source of the outbreak. Findings provide evidence of a potentially emergent milkborne pathogen contributing to the risk of raw milk consumption and suggest that current diagnostic laboratory techniques may fail to identify significant foodborne agents.
Parallel wavefront optimization method for focusing light through random scattering media (2011)

A parallel wavefront optimization method is demonstrated experimentally to focus light through random scattering media. The simultaneous modulation of multiple phase elements, each at a unique frequency, enables a parallel determination of the optimal wavefront. Compared to a pixel-by-pixel measurement, the reported parallel method uses the target signal in a highly efficient way. With 441 phase elements, a high-quality focus was formed through a glass diffuser with a peak-to-background ratio of ∼270. The accuracy and repeatability of the system were tested through experiments.
Isolation and Characterization of Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds by HPLC/UV and GC‐MS (2001)

ABSTRACT This research examined the phenolic fraction of extra virgin olive oil samples from Lianolia variety olives grown in the region of Preveza, Greece. Phenolic compounds were extracted from oil samples, separated by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and characterized by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Both simple and complex phenols were detected with the latter being the most abundant. 3–4‐Dihydroxyphenyl ethanol (hydroxytyrosol) and p‐hydroxyphenylethanol (tyrosol) predominated among the simple phenols. Complex phenolic compounds were further separated by preparative HPLC and analyzed by GC‐MS before and after hydrolysis. The presence of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol derivatives was confirmed. Both derivatives were always present in greater quantities and made up an average exceeding 70% in all samples analyzed.
Cause and Effect of Non-Uniform Densification During Hot Isostatic Pressing (1992)

AbstractAbstractHot isostatic pressing (hipping) is an extremely efficient way of densifying ceramic and high alloy metallic powders, or for healing porosity in castings. However, depending on the parameters of pressure, temperature, rate of heating, and sample size, hipping can result in a non-uniform mode of densification. This mainly occurs when a rapidly heated sample, or a sample of large dimensions, densifies quickly at the surface to produce, in effect, a fully dense, hard shell. It is shown in this paper that there can be a number of negative factors resulting from this, including reduced rates of densification, sample shape change, non-uniform shrinkage, and the development of residual stresses in the sample. Criteria for predicting whether or not non-uniform densification will occur are presented and evaluated. PM/0554
An instrumented approach to improving software quality through formal technical review (1994)

Formal technical review (FTR) is an essential component of all software quality assessment, assurance and improvement techniques. However, current FTR practice leads to significant expense, clerical overhead, group process obstacles, and research methodology problems. CSRS is an instrumented, computer-supported cooperative work environment for formal technical review. CSRS addresses problems in the practice of FTR by providing computer support for both the process and products of FTR. CSRS also addresses problems in research on FTR through instrumentation supporting fine-grained, high quality data collection and analysis. This paper describes CSRS, a computer-mediated review method called FTArm, and selected findings from their use to explore issues in formal technical review. >
Infrared third-harmonic generation in molecular gases (1976)

We report the first observation of third-harmonic generation (THG) in molecular gases. Using a CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> TEA laser and choosing molecules with vibrational transitions that contribute to a resonance enhancement of the third-order susceptibility tensor we have studied absolute conversion efficiencies, spectral response, and pressure dependences for THG in SF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> , BCl <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> , and CO and compared the results to theoretical predictions.
On Temperature Dependency of Delay for Local,Intermediate, and Repeater Inserted Global Copper Interconnects (2014)

Cryogenic technologies not only improve the performance of interconnects but also the performance of transistors and consequently drivers and repeaters. Although in cryogenically cooled integrated circuits the local temperature of interconnects and transistors may be as low as 50 K, it may easily reach to 600 K in high-temperature chips. In this brief, we investigated the impact of temperature on the delay of local, intermediate, unit-repeater-inserted (URI), and cascaded repeater-inserted (CRI) global copper interconnects for minimum technology node with available transistor model (32-nm technology). Our results show that temperature variation of driver resistance could change the delay of local and intermediate interconnects, respectively, down to -33% and -28% at low temperatures, and up to +240% and 232% at high temperatures relative to the room temperature delay. Moreover, while the contribution of temperature dependency of interconnect is negligible for local and intermediate layers, the temperature dependency of repeater and interconnect could vary the delay of URI and CRI global layer interconnect down to -23% and -38% at low temperatures, and up to +116% and +200% at high temperatures, respectively.
Exploiting body biasing for leakage reduction: A case study (2013)

In modern System-on-Chip (SoC) designs, the fulfillment of power constraints is one of the most important and challenging tasks. In this framework, the use of both voltage scaling and body biasing techniques is a mainstream strategy largely used for leakage power reduction. This work presents a case study to evaluate the impact of these techniques on an industrial microprocessor-based design. We analyze the impact of body biasing in terms of area penalties and routing efforts. Furthermore, a complete analysis flow is proposed to evaluate the achievable leakage reduction and the expected performance degradation. In order to overcome the limited spectrum of operating configurations covered by a given library set, we propose a practical and effective methodology based on a standard digital design and characterization flow. By using this procedure, a designer can efficiently evaluate the most appropriate leakage/timing trade-offs, and consequently determine the best supply voltage and biasing configurations to implement the design. The experimental results on our testcase demonstrate that body biasing leads to a leakage reduction up to six times with respect to the standard reference supply voltage configuration.
Cross layer optimization of static lightpath demands in transparent WDM optical networks (2009)

We consider the offline version of the impairment-aware routing and wavelength assignment (IA-RWA) problem in transparent all-optical networks as a cross layer optimization problem. In optical networks and in the absence of regenerators, optical signal quality degrades due to physical layer impairments. We initially present an algorithm for solving the RWA problem based on an LP relaxation formulation that has acceptable integrality performance. To account for signal degradation due to physical layer impairments we extend our RWA formulation and constrain the interference among lightpaths using noise variance related parameters. The objective of the resulting optimization problem is not only to serve the connection requests by minimizing the number of utilized wavelengths, but also to select lightpaths that have acceptable physical layer performance.
A new lossless power MOSFET driver based on simple DC/DC converters (2002)

A new kind of power-MOSFET driver has appeared: lossless or resonant drivers. Their main goals are the reduction of power consumption and protections against overvoltage in the gate terminal. In this paper, a new lossless driver is presented; its operation is based on the use of DC/DC converters to supply and to recover driving energy with a few components and easy design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultrafast switching of antiferromagnets via spin-transfer torque (2015)

Picosecond switching of the staggered antiferromagnetic order is shown to be realizable through spin-transfer torques from a short current pulse. The coupled dynamics of sublattice magnetization is mapped onto a classical pendulum subject to gravity and a driving pulse, where switching occurs if the pendulum acquires sufficient kinetic energy during the pulse to overcome the maximum of the effective gravity potential. The optimal switching scheme is explored through the dependence of switch angle and magnetic loss on the duration and strength of the current pulse. The physics discussed here provides a general route towards multifunctional THz applications via the spin-transfer torque in antiferromagnetic materials.
Mechanostereoselective One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Head-to-Head Cyclodextrin [3]Rotaxanes and Their Application as Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents (2017)

A versatile, five-component, one-pot synthesis of cyclodextrin (CD) [3]rotaxanes using copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition has been developed. Head-to-head [3]rotaxanes of α-CD selectively functionalized by one or two gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid monoamide complexes were obtained mechanostereoselectively. The magnetic resonance imaging efficiency, expressed by the longitudinal proton relaxivity of the rotaxanes, was significantly improved as compared to the functionalized CD. In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies showed a higher contrast and retention in the kidney than gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid complex, demonstrating the potential of these rotaxanes as MRI contrast agent.
Silane-Capped ZnO Nanoparticles for Use as the Electron Transport Layer in Inverted Organic Solar Cells (2018)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are widely used as electron- transport layer (ETL) materials in organic solar cells and are considered to be the candidate with the most potential for ETLs in roll-to-roll (R2R)-printed photovoltaics. However, the tendency of the nanoparticles to aggregate reduces the stability of the metal oxide inks and creates many surface defects, which is a major barrier to its printing application. With the aim of improving the stability of metal oxide nanoparticle dispersions and suppressing the formation of surface defects, we prepared 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS)-capped ZnO (ZnO@APTMS) nanoparticles through surface ligand exchange. The ZnO@APTMS nanoparticles exhibited excellent dispersibility in ethanol, an environmentally friendly solvent, and remained stable in air for at least one year without any aggregation. The capping of the ZnO nanoparticles with APTMS also reduced the number of surface-adsorbed oxygen defects, improved the charge transfer efficiency, and suppressed the light-soaking effect. The thickness of the ZnO@APTMS ETL could reach 100 nm without an obvious decrease in the performance. Large-area APTMS-modified ZnO films were successfully fabricated through roll-to-roll microgravure printing and exhibited good performance in flexible organic solar cells. This work demonstrated the distinct advantages of this ZnO@APTMS ETL as a potential buffer layer for printed organic electronics.
3D-Printed Biopolymers for Tissue Engineering Application (2014)

3D printing technology has recently gained substantial interest for potential applications in tissue engineering due to the ability of making a three-dimensional object of virtually any shape from a digital model. 3D-printed biopolymers, which combine the 3D printing technology and biopolymers, have shown great potential in tissue engineering applications and are receiving significant attention, which has resulted in the development of numerous research programs regarding the material systems which are available for 3D printing. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of biopolymer materials, including natural biopolymer-based materials and synthetic biopolymer-based materials prepared using 3D printing technology, and some future challenges and applications of this technology are discussed.
Laser-assisted ablation of corneal-like material using focused femtosecond laser pulses (2007)

In this article we investigate laser-assisted ablation of Hydroxy Ethyl Methacrylate (Hydro-gel) material using 30 femtosecond laser pulses delivered from a Ti:Sapphire multipass amplifier with a repetition rate of 1 kHz. Measurements of the crater depth, width and removed volume as a function of laser pulse energy and pulse number were made for stationary and translated ablation. Based on laser fluence, crater profile, collateral damage and translation speed, optimal laser parameters for efficient micromachining were defined. The results presented in this paper will be important for future developments in laser ophthalmology, where insight into the optimal laser parameters for corneallike surgery will decrease both processing time and collateral tissue damage.
Invasive Ability of an <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strain Isolated from the Ileal Mucosa of a Patient with Crohn’s Disease (1999)

Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease in which Escherichia coli strains have been suspected of being involved. We demonstrated previously that ileal lesions of CD are colonized by E. coli strains able to adhere to intestinal Caco-2 cells but devoid of the virulence genes so far described in the pathogenic E. coli strains involved in gastrointestinal infections. In the present study we compared the invasive ability of one of these strains isolated from an ileal biopsy of a patient with CD, strain LF82, with that of reference enteroinvasive (EIEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteraggregative (EAggEC), enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), and diffusely adhering (DAEC) E. coli strains. Gentamicin protection assays showed that E. coli LF82 was able to efficiently invade HEp-2 cells. Its invasive level was not significantly different from that of EIEC and EPEC strains (P > 0.5) but significantly higher than that of ETEC (P < 0.03), EHEC (P < 0. 005), EAggEC (P < 0.004) and DAEC (P < 0.02) strains. Strain LF82 also demonstrated efficient ability to invade intestinal epithelial cultured Caco-2, Intestine-407, and HCT-8 cells. Electron microscopy examination of infected HEp-2 cells revealed the presence of numerous intracellular bacteria located in vacuoles or free in the host cell cytoplasm. In addition, the interaction of strain LF82 with epithelial cells was associated with the elongation of microvillar extensions that extruded from the host cell membranes and engulfed the bacteria. This internalization mechanism strongly resembles Salmonella- or Shigella-induced macropinocytosis. The use of cytochalasin D and colchicine showed that the uptake of strain LF82 by HEp-2 cells was mediated by both an actin microfilament-dependent mechanism and microtubule involvement. In addition, strain LF82 survived for at least 24 h in HEp-2 and Intestine-407 cells and efficiently replicated intracellularly in HEp-2 cells. PCR and hybridization experiments did not reveal the presence of any of the genetic determinants encoding EIEC, EPEC, or ETEC proteins involved in bacterial invasion. Thus, these findings show that LF82, which colonized the ileal mucosa of a patient with CD, is a true invasive E. coli strain and suggest the existence of a new potentially pathogenic group of E. coli, which we propose be designated adherent-invasive E. coli.