gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
L’activitat parlamentària del Govern durant la VIII legislatura (2010)

1. Introduccio 2. L’activitat legislativa 2.1. L’ impuls legislatiu: els projectes de llei 2.2. La producco legislativa 2.3. Les normes del Govern amb rang de llei: decrets llei i decrets legislatius 2.4. El control del Consell de Garanties Estatutaries 3. L’activitat d’impuls i de control 3.1. El conjunt d’iniciatives parlamentaries tramitades durant la legislatura 3.2. L’impuls de l’accio politica del Govern 3.3. El control politic sobre el Govern 3.4. Els debats monografics 3.5. Les comissions d’investigacio 4. El control del Sindic de Greuges sobre l’actuacio de l’administracio de la Generalitat 4.1. Els informes anuals 4.2. Els informes extraordinaris 5. El nou procediment de control del principi de subsidiarietat 6. Sinopsi Annex: lleis aprovades a la VIII legislatura1. Introduccio 2. L’activitat legislativa 2.1. L’ impuls legislatiu: els projectes de llei 2.2. La producco legislativa 2.3. Les normes del Govern amb rang de llei: decrets llei i decrets legislatius 2.4. El control del Consell de Garanties Estatutaries 3. L’activitat d’impuls i de control 3.1. El conjunt d’iniciatives parlamentaries tramitades durant la legislatura 3.2. L’impuls de l’accio politica del Govern 3.3. El control politic sobre el Govern 3.4. Els debats monografics 3.5. Les comissions d’investigacio 4. El control del Sindic de Greuges sobre l’actuacio de l’administracio de la Generalitat 4.1. Els informes anuals 4.2. Els informes extraordinaris 5. El nou procediment de control del principi de subsidiarietat 6. Sinopsi Annex: lleis aprovades a la VIII legislatura
Dissection of ESAT-6 System 1 of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and Impact on Immunogenicity and Virulence (2005)

The dedicated secretion system ESX-1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encoded by the extended RD1 region (extRD1) assures export of the ESAT-6 protein and its partner, the 10-kDa culture filtrate protein CFP-10, and is missing from the vaccine strains M. bovis BCG and M. microti. Here, we systematically investigated the involvement of each individual ESX-1 gene in the secretion of both antigens, specific immunogenicity, and virulence. ESX-1-complemented BCG and M. microti strains were more efficiently engulfed by bone-marrow-derived macrophages than controls, and this may account for the enhanced in vivo growth of ESX-1-carrying strains. Inactivation of gene pe35 (Rv3872) impaired expression of CFP-10 and ESAT-6, suggesting a role in regulation. Genes Rv3868, Rv3869, Rv3870, Rv3871, and Rv3877 encoding an ATP-dependent chaperone and translocon were essential for secretion of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in contrast to ppe68 Rv3873 and Rv3876, whose inactivation did not impair secretion of ESAT-6. A strict correlation was found between ESAT-6 export and the generation of ESAT-6 specific T-cell responses in mice. Furthermore, ESAT-6 secretion and specific immunogenicity were almost always correlated with enhanced virulence in the SCID mouse model. Only loss of Rv3865 and part of Rv3866 did not affect ESAT-6 secretion or immunogenicity but led to attenuation. This suggests that Rv3865/66 represent a new virulence factor that is independent from ESAT-6 secretion. The present study has allowed us to identify new aspects of the extRD1 region of M. tuberculosis and to explore its role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
Comparison of Nucleolar Proteins of Normal Rat Liver and Novikoff Hepatoma Ascites Cells by Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (1973)

A two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique is presented for separation of acid-extracted proteins of isolated nucleoli of normal rat liver and Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells. About 100 distinct protein spots were resolved. Comparison of the patterns for normal liver and Novikoff hepatoma revealed nine spots with markedly different intensities in the two patterns. Two spots were found that were unique to the normal liver pattern, and one spot was found that was unique to the hepatoma pattern.
The significance of metre-scale allocycles in the quest for a fundamental stratigraphic unit (1990)

The major ‘transgressive’ sequence in the lower Helderberg Group (Devonian) of New York State and a ‘regressive’ sequence of similar scale in the first Courceyan mesothem (Carboniferous) of South Wales are entirely divisible into metre-scale allocycles. The boundaries of these cycles are produced by non-sedimentological processes: larger-scale stratigraphic events associated with relative sea-level fluctuations. The existence of these boundaries as basin-wide discontinuities precludes the application of Walther’s Law except within cycles. Thus palaeogeographic reconstructions based on the assumption of contemporaneity of large-scale fades tracts (formations and members) must be abandoned. Instead stratigraphic interpretation requires the recognition and application of a genetic unit of analysis consistent with the actual internal allogenic fabric of such sequences. Application of the metre-scale allocycle, the smallest allogenic unit of stratigraphic accumulation, results in fundamentally different interpretations of the Helderberg and Courceyan sequences. Rather than being continuously and unidirectionally ‘transgressive’ or ‘regressive’, both sequences were discontinuously generated by episodes of rapid deepening and gradual shallowing at more than one scale.
Escherichia coli Poly(A)-binding Proteins That Interact with Components of Degradosomes or Impede RNA Decay Mediated by Polynucleotide Phosphorylase and RNase E (2001)

The multifunctional ribonuclease RNase E and the 3'-exonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) are major components of an Escherichia coli ribonucleolytic "machine" that has been termed the RNA degradosome. Previous work has shown that poly(A) additions to the 3' ends of RNA substrates affect RNA degradation by both of these enzymes. To better understand the mechanism(s) by which poly(A) tails can modulate ribonuclease action, we used selective binding in 1 m salt to identify E. coli proteins that interact at high affinity with poly(A) tracts. We report here that CspE, a member of a family of RNA-binding "cold shock" proteins, and S1, an essential component of the 30 S ribosomal subunit, are poly(A)-binding proteins that interact functionally and physically, respectively, with degradosome ribonucleases. We show that purified CspE impedes poly(A)-mediated 3' to 5' exonucleolytic decay by PNPase by interfering with its digestion through the poly(A) tail and also inhibits both internal cleavage and poly(A) tail removal by RNase E. The ribosomal protein S1, which is known to interact with sequences at the 5' ends of mRNA molecules during the initiation of translation, can bind to both RNase E and PNPase, but in contrast to CspE, did not affect the ribonucleolytic actions of these enzymes. Our findings raise the prospect that E. coli proteins that bind to poly(A) tails may link the functions of degradosomes and ribosomes.
High-current-gain submicrometer InGaAs/InP heterostructure bipolar transistors (1988)

Common-emitter current gains of 115 and 170 are achieved in transistors with emitter dimensions as small as 0.3*3 and 0.8*3 mu m/sup 2/, respectively. These results are comparable with scaling experiments reported for Si bipolar devices and represent a significant improvement over AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure bipolar transistors. Both the low surface recombination velocity and nonequilibrium carrier transport in the thin (800-AA) InGaAs base enhance the DC performance of these transistors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and autoimmune disease. (1999)

Occupational exposure to silica dust has been examined as a possible risk factor with respect to several systemic autoimmune diseases, including scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and some of the small vessel vasculitidies with renal involvement (e.g., Wegener granulomatosis). Crystalline silica, or quartz, is an abundant mineral found in sand, rock, and soil. High-level exposure to respirable silica dust can cause chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the lung and other organs. Studies of specific occupational groups with high-level silica exposure (e.g., miners) have shown increased rates of autoimmune diseases compared to the expected rates in the general population. However, some clinic- and population-based studies have not demonstrated an association between silica exposure and risk of autoimmune diseases. This lack of effect may be due to the limited statistical power of these studies to examine this association or because the lower- or moderate-level exposures that may be more common in the general population were not considered. Experimental studies demonstrate that silica can act as an adjuvant to nonspecifically enhance the immune response. This is one mechanism by which silica might be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. Given that several different autoimmune diseases may be associated with silica dust exposure, silica dust may act to promote or accelerate disease development, requiring some other factor to break immune tolerance or initiate autoimmunity. The specific manifestation of this effect may depend on underlying differences in genetic susceptibility or other environmental exposures.
Purification and characterization of DNase VIII. A 5'-3' directed exonuclease from human placental nuclei. (1983)

DNase VIII is an exonuclease purified from human placenta trophoblast nuclei. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 9.5 and requires a divalent cation. It is inhibited by salt and stimulated by Triton X-100. Glycerol gradient analysis of the activity indicates a sedimentation coefficient of 2.8 S (31,000 daltons if globular). This enzyme initiates hydrolysis from 5'-phosphorylated termini of single-stranded DNA and acts at internal phosphodiester bonds liberating 5'-phosphorylated oligonucleotides. It degrades polynucleotides of repeating base sequence as well as single-stranded DNA, yielding oligonucleotides of even number, in which the main reaction products are dinucleotides. The activity on denatured DNA is not inhibited by the presence of ultraviolet-induced photoproducts. DNase VIII can also initiate hydrolysis at those distorted termini produced by the action of Micrococcus luteus dimer specific endonuclease on duplex DNA, which contains cyclobutane dimers.
Recognition of trypsin autolysis products by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (1990)

Potential artifactual contributions are assessed in high-pressure liquid chromatograms and fast atom bombardment mass spectra from autolysis of different preparations of the widely used protease trypsin. Both commercially supplied and laboratory-purified samples were examined. Bovine pancreatic trypsin (1 mg/mL) was found to be completely destroyed in 2 h at pH 8.5, degraded to a complex mixture of small peptides which were characterized by their molecular weights. Some identifications were supported by sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry or by mass spectrometric analysis of the mixture resulting from a single Edman degradation. Autolysis of porcine pancreatic trypsin produced a completely different set of peptides. Five sites of hydrolysis at asparagine residues in bovine trypsin were also identified.
Retrotransposition and Cell-to-Cell Transfer of Foamy Viruses (2003)

A remarkable feature of the prototype foamy virus (PFV) replication pathway has been reported to consist of the ability to retrotranspose intracellularly with high efficiency (M. Heinkelein, T. Pietschmann, G. Jármy, M. Dressler, H. Imrich, J. Thurow, D. Lindemann, M. Bock, A. Moebes, J. Roy, O. Herchenröder, and A. Rethwilm, EMBO J. 19:3436-3345, 2000). PFV intracellular retrotransposition (IRT) was reported to be enhanced by coexpression of fusion-defective envelope protein. To investigate the possibility of cell-to-cell transfer of PFV genomes, which could mimic IRT, we performed cocultivation experiments with cells transfected with an IRT-competent and marker gene-expressing PFV vector together with cells expressing a different marker and measured cells positive for both markers. The findings corroborated the initial report on IRT of Env-deficient PFV. Furthermore, they indicated that viral cores that have incorporated fusion-deficient Env can be transferred from cell to cell in a cell type-specific manor. One possible explanation consists of a minor alternative cleavage site in Env that can be used to expose the fusion peptide of the Env transmembrane protein, which appears to be required for virus uptake.
Bevelled-microlensed taper connectors for laser and fibre coupling with minimal back-reflections (1988)

A new means for coupling single-mode fibre to semiconductor lasers with efficiencies than 60% and back-reflections below − 60 dB is demonstrated. The method consists of utilising a CO2-laser-microlensed, expanded-beam, bevelledtaper connector. This connector design also serves to eliminate back-reflections wherever it is used in a fibre system as an interconnection element.
IP telephony from a user perspective (2002)

Discusses issues of IP telephony. What can we expect from such communication methods, what kind of benefits does IP telephony bring, and what drawbacks can users expect in comparison to POTS telephony? Solutions for connecting VoIP (Voice over IP) terminals (ranging from PC phones to IP phones) and other functional entities of IP telephony, such as gateways and gatekeepers, are presented. Some IP telephony services are mentioned, and possible IP phone functions and applications, which any user would appreciate, are described. We conclude with an interesting questionnaire as a prediction of what users can expect from IP telephony.
Current and future prospects for xenotransplantation (1999)

The transplantation of organs and tissues between animal species, or xenotransplantation, is the focus of a growing field of research, owing primarily to the increasing shortage of allogeneic donor organs. The pig stands out as the most suitable donor animal for humans; however, xenografts (e.g. pig organs) used for human transplantation are normally destroyed by the host within minutes by hyperacute xenograft rejection. An improved understanding of the immune recognition and rejection of xenografts has resulted in new therapies that can partially overcome hyperacute rejection (HAR), delayed xenograft rejection (DXR) or acute vascular xenograft rejection. Strategies to diminish immunogenicity following xenotransplantation can be divided into two approaches: those directed at the recipient (e.g. antibodies or complement depletion or inhibition and tolerance induction) and those directed at the donor (e.g. transgenic modifications to express human complement-regulatory proteins or removal or displacement of alphaGal epitopes). DXR is likely to be controlled by transgenic inhibition of endothelial cell activation (e.g. inhibition of NF-kappaB). Transgenic pigs required for xenotransplantation will soon be generated at a greater efficiency and precision using nuclear transfer and cloning when compared to pronuclear injection. Of greater significance is that nuclear transfer offers the ability to target gene insertion selectively to specific gene loci and to delete specific genes in the pig. Experimental pig-to-primate organ xenotransplantation is currently under way, and results show increased transplant function from minutes to days and weeks. The final therapeutic regimen that allows survival of a discordant xenograft is likely to involve a combination of 'modified' functional genes in the donor organ, the development of immunological tolerance to pig antigens and administration of novel therapeutic agents, including immunosuppressants, that can control natural killer (NK) cell and monocyte mediated responses.
Introduction (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Lead-Free Assembly Project Alloy Group Process Group Component Group Reliability Group Follow-On Projects/Work
Highly efficient organic light-emitting devices with surface-modified metal anode by vanadium pentoxide (2008)

An Au film modified by vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) has been investigated as the anode for injecting holes in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). It is found that OLEDs with the V2O5 modified Au anode have much lower driving voltages and much higher current efficiencies (four times higher) as compared with the OLEDs with bare Au as anode. The results of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-visible spectrometer analysis indicate that the Au anode treated by V2O 5 has a smaller barrier height and thus facilitates hole injection, apart from a high optical transparency of Au/V2O5. For the OLEDs with Au/V2O5 anode, the driving voltage is decreased by 13 V and the maximum current efficiency (4.1 cd A-1) is four times higher as compared with that of the bare Au anode device (∼0.9 cd A-1). The OLEDs with Au/V2O5 anode also have about 1.4 times higher efficiency than that of the OLEDs (∼2.8 cd A -1) with ITO/V2O5 anode. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Recherche d'agents radioprotecteurs. Δ-3 Thiazolines (1986)

Synthese de polyalkyl thiazolines-3 par reaction de cetones ou d'aldehydes aliphatiques satures avec l'ammoniac et des α-mercaptocetones ou -aldehydes, avec l'ammoniac, le sulfure d'hydrogene et des disulfures d'acyl- ou formylmethyles, ou avec l'ammoniac, le soufre et des cetones ou aldehydes. Activite radioprotectrice chez la souris
Nucleotide Sequence of a cDNA for 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase from Melon Fruits (1995)

Ethylene is a plant hormone that has an essential role in fruit ripening (Yang and Hoffman, 1984; Kende, 1993). ACC synthase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylethioadenosine-lyase, EC 4.4.1.14), which is encoded by a multigene family, plays a regulatory role in ethylene production. Severa1 genes for ACC synthase have been isolated from tomato (Rottmann et al., 1991), mung bean (Botella et al., 1992, 19931, winter squash (Nakajima et al., 1990; Nakagawa et al., 1991), and Arabidopsis (Liang et al., 1992; Van Der Straeten et al., 1992). Two ACC synthase genes (LE-ACS2 and LE-ACS4, which are identified as a wounding and a ripening inducing gene, respectively) are expressed during ripening of tomato fruits (Olson et al., 1991; Rottmann et al., 1991). An antisense RNA experiment with LEACS2 reduced the levels of mRNAs for LEACS2 and LEACS4 in tomato fruits and caused retardation of initiation of ripening of tomato fruits (Oeller et al., 1991). These results showed that wound-induced ACC synthase also played an important role in the production of ethylene in tomato fruit during ripening. We isolated a cDNA (pMEACS1,2097 bp) for ACC synthase from wounded mesocarp tissue of melon fruits (Cucumis melo L. cv AMS) (Table I). The polypeptide derived from the cDNA in Escherichiu coli had ACC synthase activity. Sequence analysis of this cDNA revealed the presente of an open reading frame of 493 amino acids. This polypeptide contained seven sequences that were conserved among other ACC synthases. pMEACSl showed high homology at the amino acid and nucleotide levels to wound-induced ACC synthase from squash (Nakajima et al., 1990; Sato et al., 1991). RNA blot analysis showed that the level of mRNA for the gene increased in the mesocarp tissue of melon fruits after wounding and also during ripening. Since we could detect cDNA only for MEACSl ACC synthase in a PCR experiment with the mRNA from mesocarp tissue of ripe melon fruits, MEACSl should be the gene that is preferentially expressed during ripening of
Millimeter-wave generation and baseband modulation by using reciprocating optical modulation for radio-on-fiber systems in v-band (2005)

We demonstrated millimeter-wave generation by using reciprocating optical modulation. A light-wave modulated by V-band millimeter-waves was obtained from a micro-wave signal, and was also modulated by a baseband signal, using an optical phase modulator.
On charge injection in analog MOS switches and dummy switch compensation techniques (1990)

Theoretical and experimental results of the clock-feedthrough phenomenon (charge injection) in sample-and-hold circuits using minimum feature size transistors of a self-aligned 3- mu m CMOS technology are compared. The lumped RC model of the conductive channel has been used and verified in different switch configurations, including variable input voltages. Special emphasis is laid on the feasibility and limits of charge cancellation techniques using dummy switch designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Overexpression of the Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐binding protein calreticulin in the endoplasmic reticulum improves growth of tobacco cell suspensions (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>) in high‐Ca<sup>2+</sup> medium (2004)

Calreticulin (CRT) is a eukaryotic, highly conserved, Ca 2+ ‐binding protein predominantly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. In addition to being involved in the regulation of cellular Ca 2+ , calreticulin is a key quality control element during protein folding in the ER lumen. Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) suspension cells overexpressing a maize CRT (CRT1a) were used here to examine the properties of CRT in growing plant cells with respect to stress exposure. The endogenous CRT gene was induced rapidly after subculturing of the cells to new medium. In accordance, the CRT protein levels increased, peaking at days 3–4. At day 5, when the CRT transcript levels had levelled off, a further increase in endogenous CRT expression was obtained when the cells were treated with excess Ca 2+ or the N ‐linked glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin. Whereas the response to Ca 2+ occurred within 30 min, the induction by tunicamycin took several hours to be established. Transforming tobacco cells with maize CRT1a, under a constitutive mannopine synthase promoter, resulted in a stable level of expressed CRT1a during the growth cycle compared with endogenous CRT. The CRTs showed differences in attached glycans, but both contained the high mannose‐rich‐type glycans characteristic of ER proteins. In agreement with an ER location, both tobacco CRT and the transgene product CRT1a codistributed with the ER marker NADH cytochrome c reductase after density gradient centrifugation of microsomal fractions from tobacco cells. Increased production of CRT, as was obtained in the transgenic tobacco cell lines, made cells more tolerant than wild‐type cells to high Ca 2+ during growth. These data suggest that overexpression of CRT1a in plant cells results in a more efficient calcium buffering capacity in the ER.