gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Study on determining the composition of ternary complex (AI-CAS-CTMAB) with the ratio of double peak values at double wavelengths by UV spectrophotometry]. (2006)

In the present paper, the composition of complex Al-CAS-CTMAB was studied with the ratio of double peak values at dual-wavelengths by UV spectrophotometry. First, the composition of complex of Al-CAS was determined in this method, Al:CAS = 1:2. The absorption of ternary complex(Al-CAS-CTMAB) was determined with reference reagent of the complex Al-CAS. The epsilon values of Al-CAS and Al-CAS-CTMAB were determined with water reference. The composition of complex Al (CAS)n1 (CTMAB)n2 was calculated with the formula: [formula: see text] CAS:CTMAB = 1:1; Al:CAS:CTMAB = 1:2:2. The calculated value and that obtained by traditional method are agreeable. The method is reliable for determining composition of ternary complexes.
Alkoxycarbonylcarbene Transfer to Acyclic Tertiary Enaminones (1998)

Copper-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylcarbene transfer from methyl or tert-butyl diazoacetate to acyclic enaminoesters 6a,b and enaminocarboxanilide 13 yields vicinal push-pullsubstituted cyclopropanes 7a,b,8, and 14. In contact with dry silica gel, the latter compounds undergo facile ring-opening leading to enaminoesters 9, 10, and 15. Treatment with aqueous acid transforms 9 and 10 into 2-acylsuccinates 11 and 12, and 15 into pyrrolinone 16. Methoxycarbonylcarbene transfer to enaminoketones 1a–c does not yield isolable cyclopropanes, but after hydrolytic work-up α-acyl-γ-ketoesters 2a–c are obtained.
Infrared absorption of a gap mode due to Si in AlAs (1991)

Infrared-absorption spectra in Si-doped AlAs grown by molecular-beam epitaxy have been studied using Fourier-transform spectroscopy. An additional absorption peak has been observed at 331 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ with a peak width of 0.6--0.7 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The integrated absorption of this peak is in proportion to both the Si-dopant concentration and the free-electron concentration. Thus, the 331-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ peak is concluded to be a gap mode of vibration due to Si atoms substituting for Al atoms in AlAs. Since this ${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathrm{Al}}$ peak appears at a much lower wave number than the ${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$ peak in GaAs, the force constant of Si---As bonds in AlAs is likely to be much smaller than in GaAs.
Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Networks for Time Series Classification (2016)

Time series classification (TSC), the problem of predicting class labels of time series, has been around for decades within the community of data mining and machine learning, and found many important applications such as biomedical engineering and clinical prediction. However, it still remains challenging and falls short of classification accuracy and efficiency. Traditional approaches typically involve extracting discriminative features from the original time series using dynamic time warping (DTW) or shapelet transformation, based on which an off-the-shelf classifier can be applied. These methods are ad-hoc and separate the feature extraction part with the classification part, which limits their accuracy performance. Plus, most existing methods fail to take into account the fact that time series often have features at different time scales. To address these problems, we propose a novel end-to-end neural network model, Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Networks (MCNN), which incorporates feature extraction and classification in a single framework. Leveraging a novel multi-branch layer and learnable convolutional layers, MCNN automatically extracts features at different scales and frequencies, leading to superior feature representation. MCNN is also computationally efficient, as it naturally leverages GPU computing. We conduct comprehensive empirical evaluation with various existing methods on a large number of benchmark datasets, and show that MCNN advances the state-of-the-art by achieving superior accuracy performance than other leading methods.
Learning in the Presence of Malicious Errors (1993)

In this paper an extension of the distribution-free model of learning introduced by Valiant [Comm. ACM, 27(1984), pp. 1134–1142] that allows the presence of malicious errors in the examples given to a learning algorithm is studied. Such errors are generated by an adversary with unbounded computational power and access to the entire history of the learning algorithm’s computation. Thus, a worst-case model of errors is studied. The results of this research include general methods for bounding the rate of error tolerable by any learning algorithm, efficient algorithms tolerating nontrivial rates of malicious errors, and equivalences between problems of learning with errors and standard combinatorial optimization problems.
Cross-Talk between Nuclear Factor-κB and the Steroid Hormone Receptors: Mechanisms of Mutual Antagonism (1998)

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) is an inducible transcription factor that positively regulates the expression of proimmune and proinflammatory genes, while glucocorticoids are potent suppressors of immune and inflammatory responses. NF-kappa B and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) physically interact, resulting in repression of NF-kappa B transactivation. In transient cotransfection experiments, we demonstrate a dose-dependent, mutual antagonism between NF-kappa B and GR. Functional dissection of the NF-kappa B p50 and p65 subunits and deletion mutants of GR indicate that the GR antagonism is specific to the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B heterodimer, whereas multiple domains of GR are essential to repress p65-mediated transactivation. Despite its repression of GR transactivation, p65 failed to block the transrepressive GR homologous down-regulation function. We also demonstrate that negative interactions between p65 and GR are not selective for GR, but also occur between NF-kappa B and androgen, progesterone B, and estrogen receptors. However, although each of these members of the steroid hormone receptor family is repressed by NF-kappa B, only GR effectively inhibits p65 transactivation. Further, in cotransfections using a chimeric estrogen-GR, the presence of the GR DNA-binding domain is insufficient to confer mutual antagonism to the p65-estrogen receptor interaction. Selectivity of p65 repression for each steroid receptor is demonstrated by I kappa B rescue from NF-kappa B-mediated inhibition. Together these data suggest that NF-kappa B p65 physically interacts with multiple steroid hormone receptors, and this interaction is sufficient to transrepress each steroid receptor. Further, the NF-kappa B status of a cell has the potential to significantly alter multiple steroid signaling pathways within that cell.
A lazy algorithm for planning motions in contact (2002)

Planning the motion of objects in contact is an important stage of the analysis of mechanical assembly tasks. This paper concerns with the case of a polyhedron moving within a polyhedral environment. It presents an algorithm to plan the motion of a convex polyhedron translating and rotating in contact with a neither necessarily convex nor connected polyhedral obstacle. This algorithm uses a new description of the obstacle in the configuration space-the C-obstacle-with the help of several contact predicates and of a topological adjacency graph. However, in the nonconvex case, the complete computation of the boundary of the C-obstacle is usually intractable. Our algorithm is lazy: it takes into account progressively and only if it is necessary the nonconvexity of the polyhedra. Indeed, the main idea is to describe the C-obstacle as if it were convex, in order to perform as few computations as possible to find a motion and, in case of failure, to build a new description of the C-obstacle incorporating "some" nonconvexity features, and to repeat this process until a correct motion is planned. We also describe a prototype of implementation of this algorithm and an example it can solve.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Application of fuzzy control for servo systems (2003)

Application of fuzzy algorithms in a microprocessor based servomotor controller that requires faster and more accurate response than other industrial processes is discussed. The performance proportional-integral-derivative, model reference adaptive and fuzzy controllers is compared in terms of steady-state error, settling time and response time. The limitation of the fuzzy control algorithms is ascertained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of the microenvironment in promoting angiogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia (2002)

Angiogenesis is a crucial event in the survival and progression of solid tumors. To determine whether angiogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an intrinsic property of leukemic cells, the vascularity of bone marrow biopsies was determined. Bone marrow vascularity in newly diagnosed or post-chemotherapy AML patients was increased 4-fold (P < 0.01) and 8.7-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, relative to controls. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by AML blast cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and bone marrow cell supernatants were assayed for secretion of VEGF, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and endostatin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Diffuse cytoplasmic and strong extracellular VEGF immunoreactivity was seen in bone marrow aspirates from AML patients, but not controls. In contrast, there was no difference in the levels of VEGF, FGF-2, and endostatin secreted by mononuclear cells cultured from bone marrows of AML patients compared to normal controls following two days of culture in vitro. Total angiogenic potential of bone marrow cell supernatants was assessed by endothelial sprouting in vitro and by a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. No differences were found between 2-day conditioned medium from normal and AML bone marrow mononuclear cells in either assay. Our data show a discrepancy between bone marrow vascularity and VEGF expression in vivo and VEGF expression and angiogenesis from 2-day conditioned medium ex vivo. This suggests that angiogenesis in AML likely represents a response to microenvironmental factors in vivo, rather than being an intrinsic property of leukemic cells.
Transparent Low Molecular Weight Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate-Based Hydrogels as Film Media for Photoswitchable Drugs (2017)

Hydrogels have shown a great potential as materials for drug delivery systems thanks to their usually excellent bio-compatibility and their ability to trap water-soluble organic molecules in a porous network. In this study, poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels containing a model dye were synthesized by ultraviolet (UV-A) photopolymerization of low-molecular weight macro-monomers and the material properties (dye release ability, transparency, morphology, and polymerization kinetics) were studied. Real-time infrared measurements revealed that the photopolymerization of the materials was strongly limited when the dye was added to the uncured formulation. Consequently, the procedure was adapted to allow for the formation of sufficiently cured gels that are able to capture and later on to release dye molecules in phosphate-buffered saline solution within a few hours. Due to the transparency of the materials in the 400⁻800 nm range, the hydrogels are suitable for the loading and excitation of photoactive molecules. These can be uptaken by and released from the polymer matrix. Therefore, such materials may find applications as cheap and tailored materials in photodynamic therapy (i.e., light-induced treatment of skin infections by bacteria, fungi, and viruses using photoactive drugs).
Clinical use of thermal enhancement and therapeutic gain for hyperthermia combined with radiation or drugs. (1984)

Values for thermal enhancement and therapeutic gain are useful for deciding future directions of hyperthermia combined with other cancer therapy modalities. Evidence of thermal enhancement of effects on normal tissues is important as it indicates the need for dose modification. Specific values cannot be used generally to determine the degree of dose modification for clinical applications. A range of values accounting for many variables, including method of dose delivery for heat and the other modalities and knowledge of the normal tissues at risk, would be required for such specific application. There is frequently hyperthermic enhancement of radiation damage to acutely responding tissues. That may be avoided if tumors can be selectively heated, but extensive temperature monitoring is necessary to avoid hot spots. Irradiation and heating of spontaneous canine tumors resulted in an increased probability for tumor control with no apparent increase in late complications. Human clinical studies have shown that, with care, tumor response can be enhanced without significantly increasing normal tissue damage and that a therapeutic gain can be achieved. Caution must be exercised because, with few exceptions, follow-up was not long, and the tissues at risk were limited. Most human studies have been of relatively superficial tumors of small volume. Little information is available on whole-body or regional hyperthermia for assessment of thermal enhancement or therapeutic gain. Also, there is little information about chemotherapy combined with heat, although studies of heat with perfusion chemotherapy for malignant melanomas of the extremity have shown significantly increased survival rates.
Data model to enhance the security and privacy of healthcare data (2014)

With an immense amount of data and growing array of end-user devices, the security and privacy in healthcare is becoming a challenge. Shifting technologies and changing regulations are required to refocus on security techniques for the protection of sensitive healthcare data. For the storage and exchange of healthcare data, Extensible Markup Language (XML) is widely used. But, while using the XML and its technologies, the security and privacy of the data as governed by relevant laws and regulations must be complied with. In this paper, we propose a data model which enhances security and privacy of the data by attaching security levels with data itself which is expressed in the form of XML. The security levels of the data and all type of users accessing the data are defined inside an XML schema.
Lignin recovery from kraft black liquor : preliminary process design (1991)

On propose un procede de recuperation de la lignine dans les lessives noires de papeterie: precipitation par acidification avec CO 2 , separation de la lignine par filtration, lavage acide et sechage. On examine le bilan matiere et le bilan energetique. On realise une etude economique du procede.
Ultrastructural Studies of a Visna-Like Syncytia-Producing Virus from Cattle with Lymphocytosis (1974)

A virus structurally similar to viruses associated with maedi, progressive pneumonia, and visna of sheep has been isolated from buffy coat cells of cattle with chronic lymphocytosis. Electron microscope studies revealed three variants of the virion: (i) an intracytoplasmic form 98 to 116 nm in diameter when occurring in a nonlaminated form, (ii) a budding form 120 to 130 nm in diameter, and (iii) an extracellular form 80 to 130 nm in diameter and containing a 30 to 43 nm eccentrically located electron-dense core.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF BIS(DIETHYL)AMINO ETHYL ESTERS OF 2‐METHYL‐3‐CARBOXYINDOLYL‐5‐HYDROXYACETIC ACIDS (1979)

Abstract Durch Verseifung der 2‐Methyl‐3‐carb‐ ethoxy‐indolyl‐5‐oxyessigsäuren (I) in geschmolzenem KOH bei 150°C und Ansäuern mit Essig‐ oder Salzsäure erhält man die Dicarbonsäuren (II), die in alkoholischer Lösung mit Natriumethylat in die Dinatriumsalze übergeführt werden, welche anschlie‐ βend mit β‐Chlor‐diethylamin auf 130°C zu den Bis‐diethylaminoethylester (III) umgesetzt werden.
Guidelines for Optimum Underbalanced Drilling Practices Using Artificial Bayesian Intelligence (2012)

Abstract Many underbalanced drilling operations have been analyzed, resulting in theoptimum practices, as outlined in this paper. To the best of the authors'knowledge, there are no systematic guidelines for underbalanced drilling. The objective of this paper is to propose a set of guidelines for the optimalunderbalanced drilling operations, by integrating current best practicesthrough a decision-making system based on Artificial Bayesian Intelligence. Optimum underbalanced drilling practices collected from data, models, andexperts' opinions, are integrated into a Bayesian Network BN to simulate likelyscenarios of its use that will honor efficient practices when dictated byvarying certain parameters suchas formation pressure and operation. Theproposed decision-making model follows a causal and an uncertainty-basedapproach capable of simulating realistic conditions on the use of underbalanceddrilling operations. For instance, by varying the type of UBD (flow, aerated, etc), operation and formation properties the system will show optimum trippingand connection procedure. The developed model also acknowledged UBD drilling techniques in differentscenarios such as fractured formations, low permeability and high permeabilityformations. The model also shows optimum solutions to problems related tounderbalance drilling such as well control, completion, equipment associatedwith drilling. Experts' opinions were considered in building up the model in this paper. Theadvantage of the artificial Bayesian intelligence method is that it can beupdated easily when dealing with different opinions. The outcome of this paperis user-friendly software, where you can easily find the specific subject ofinterest, and by the click of a button, get the related information you areseeking. Introduction The design of optimum underbalanced drilling operations depends mainly onprevious experience and knowledge to successfully complete with a degree ofconfidence. Effective communication is also an important factor for successfuloperations. Good coordination is required between the engineer, the servicecompany and the rig foreman. Knowledge transfer in underbalanced drillingoperations is therefore fundamental for the optimal design of the job. Long field experience is required for underbalanced drilling specialists toselect optimum practices. In some instances, operation failures can occurbecause of the lack of knowledge or lack of knowledge transfer. There are different methods that companies have approached to make guidelinesfor their engineers to save on operations cost and time. However, these methodscan not be used by other companies or experts with different opinions or withdifferent field conditions. Al-Yami et al. (2010) were the first to propose a systematic approach to buildexpert systems that can be used in optimum selection and execution ofsuccessful cementing operations using Artificial Bayesian Intelligence.
Current situation of epidemiology and transmission study in hand foot and mouth disease (2011)

Hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD) is an infectious disease caused by enterovirus.It usually happened in children younger than 5 years old.Patients with HFMD can have hand,foot and/or oral cavity skin rashes or herpes,a few patients even have complications like myocarditis,pneumonedema,aseptic meningitis and so on.Individual severe patients would be dead for quick disease development.As a global epidemic,HFMD had large-scale outbreak in many countries.Because of its threaten to children's health,people pay more and more attention to HFMD.In this article,the current situation of epidemiology and transmission study in HFMD is overviewed.

Key words: 
Hand, foot and mouth disease;  Epidemiology;  Transmission
Efficient and Stable Photo-Oxidation of Water by a Bismuth Vanadate Photoanode Coupled with an Iron Oxyhydroxide Oxygen Evolution Catalyst (2012)

BiVO(4) films were prepared by a simple electrodeposition and annealing procedure and studied as oxygen evolving photoanodes for application in a water splitting photoelectrochemical cell. The resulting BiVO(4) electrodes maintained considerable photocurrent for photo-oxidation of sulfite, but generated significantly reduced photocurrent for photo-oxidation of water to oxygen, also decaying over time, suggesting that the photoelectrochemical performance of BiVO(4) for water oxidation is mainly limited by its poor catalytic ablity to oxidize water. In order to improve the water oxidation kinetics of the BiVO(4) electrode, a layer of FeOOH was placed on the BiVO(4) surface as an oxygen evolution catalyst using a new photodeposition route. The resulting BiVO(4)/FeOOH photoanode exhibitied significantly improved photocurrent and stability for photo-oxidation of water, which is one of the best among all oxide-based phoatoanode systems reported to date. In particular, the BiVO(4)/FeOOH photoanode showed an outstanding performance in the low bias region (i.e., E < 0.8 V vs RHE), which is critical in determining the overall operating current density when assembling a complete p-n photoelectrochemical diode cell. The photocurrent-to-O(2) conversion efficiency of the BiVO(4)/FeOOH photoanode is ca. 96%, confirming that the photogenerated holes in the BiVO(4)/FeOOH photoanode are indeed excusively used for O(2) evolution.
Ultra-low sidelobe waveform design via spectral shaping and LINC transmit architecture (2015)

A new spectral-shaping approach is used to design jointly the amplitude window and phase of a tapered NLFM waveform. This approach can produce physical radar emissions with ultra-low sidelobes that support sufficient spectral roll-off to maintain forthcoming spectral compliance requirements. A small SNR loss is traded for a substantial reduction in range sidelobes. Further, it is demonstrated that this tapered waveform scheme can be readily combined with the linear amplification using nonlinear components (LINC) architecture to realize the small yet necessary amplitude variation while operating the power amplifiers in saturation, which may be used to realize enhanced power efficiency. Experimental measurements demonstrate range sidelobes below −80 dB with less than 0.3 dB in SNR loss.
CARRAGEENAN AS A DIETARY CONSTITUENT FOR THE RAT: FAECAL EXCRETION, NITROGEN ABSORPTION, AND GROWTH (1965)

At levels of 2–20% in the diet of young rats, carrageenan is quantitatively excreted in the faeces.In diets fed in equal amounts, both cellulose and carrageenan, when substituted for starch in various proportions, affect the growth of young rats. Beginning at levels of 10–15%, however, growth is slower with carrageenan, and there is less absorption of dietary nitrogen,Carrageenan, like cellulose, has no nutritional value. The depression of nitrogen absorption could explain the slower growth rate that occurs with carrageenan in the diet.
Motion Flow Estimation from Image Sequences with Applications to Biological Growth and Motility (2006)

In this paper, a new method for motion flow estimation that considers errors in all the derivative measurements is presented. Based on the total least squares (TLS) model, we accurately estimate the motion flow in the general noise case by combining noise model (in form of covariance matrix) with a parametric motion model. The proposed algorithm is tested on two different types of biological motion, a growing plant root and a gastrulating embryo, with sequences obtained microscopically. The local, instantaneous velocity field estimated by the algorithm reveals the behavior of the underlying cellular elements.