gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective vinyl cationic polymerization of monomers with two cationically polymerizable groups. I. <i>p</i>‐isopropenylphenyl glycidyl ether: An epoxy‐functionalized α‐methylstyrene (1987)

Abstract p ‐Isopropenylphenyl glycidyl ether (IPGE), a monomer of dual cationic functionality (isopropenyl and epoxy), was polymerized by a variety of initiators, and optimum conditions were established for its selective vinyl cationic polymerization. The hydrogen iodide/iodine (HI/I 2 ) initiating system or iodine polymerized selectively the isopropenyl group in CH 2 Cl 2 at a low temperature (−78°C), to produce soluble poly(IPGE) with epoxy pendants. Under these conditions, the number‐average molecular weight of the polymers was inversely proportional to the initial initiator concentration, indicating the formation of long‐lived propagating species. Soluble poly(IPGE) was also obtained at −15 and −40°C by HI/I 2 or iodine. However, at these higher temperatures, transfer and/or termination reactions took place to give olefin‐terminated polymers, in which some of the pendant epoxy groups were consumed. BF 3 OEt 2 (a metal halide) and CF 3 SO 3 H (a strong protonic acid) polymerized both epoxy and isopropenyl groups of IPGE and yielded crosslinked insoluble polymers.
Fabrication and characterization of ZnO-based microcavities working in the strong coupling regime : polariton laser (2013)

Les polaritons de cavité sont des quasi-particules, partiellement matière-t partiellement lumière, crées lors du couplage fort d'un exciton et d’un photon de cavité. A une certaine température et densité de particules, les polaritons de cavité peuvent subir une transition de phase de type quasi-Bose-Einstein et condenser dans l'état de plus basse énergie du système; dans ces conditions, la cavité émet de la lumière cohérente et le dispositif associé est appelé laser à polaritons. ZnO est l'un des matériaux les plus adaptés pour la fabrication des lasers à polaritons fonctionnant à température ambiante, en raison de ses excellentes propriétés excitoniques. Cependant, des difficultés techniques ont empêché la réalisation de microcavités à base de ZnO pendant longtemps. Dans cette thèse nous présentons la fabrication de microcavités à base de ZnO par deux approches différentes, ce qui a permis de surmonter les difficultés technologiques existantes et ont permis d'obtenir des figures de mérite avec des valeurs records (pour le facteur de qualité ainsi que pour l’éclatement de de Rabi). Des lasers à polaritons fonctionnant à température ambiante ont été démontré dans les deux cas. Dans la microcavité entièrement hybride, des condensats de polaritons ont été étudiés dans une gamme de désaccord exciton-photon sans précédents, et de basse température à température ambiante; ceci a permis d'obtenir, pour la première fois, un diagramme de phases complet. Cette thèse ouvre la voie à une polaritonique appliquée fonctionnant à température ambiante.
Tissue Dissociation Enzymes for Isolating Human Islets for Transplantation: Factors to Consider in Setting Enzyme Acceptance Criteria (2010)

Tissue dissociation enzymes are critical reagents that affect the yield and quality of human pancreatic islets required for islet transplantation. The United States Food and Drug Administration's oversight of this procedure recommends laboratories to set acceptance criteria for enzymes used in the manufacture of islet products for transplantation. Currently, many laboratories base this selection on personal experience because biochemical analysis is not predictive of success of the islet isolation procedure. This review identifies the challenges of correlating results from enzyme biochemical analysis to their effectiveness in human islet isolation and suggests a path forward to address these challenges to improve control of the islet manufacturing process.
A comparative immunohistochemical study of lichen planus and discoid lupus erythematosus (1996)

A comparative immunohistochemical study was performed on skin biopsies from 10 patients with lichen planus and 10 patients with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). A panel of antibodies against T lymphocytes (UCHL-1, OPD-4, CD8, CD43), B lymphocytes (L-26), granulocytes (Leu-M1), activation markers (Ki-1, LN-3), macrophages, fibroblasts and dendritic cells (FXIIIa, S-100, Mac-387, KP-1, vimentin), endothelial cells (CD34), and epithelial cells (epithelial membrane antigen) was employed using a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique. The recently released CD8 antiserum required microwave antigen retrieval of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue to label lymphocytes. The results showed many similarities in the lymphocyte subsets and macrophages between lichen planus and discoid lupus erythematosus. The most important differences between the two conditions were statistically significant increases in the number of S-100+ cells in the epidermis and dermis, FXIIIa+ cells in the dermis and CD34+ vessels within the inflammatory infiltrate in lichen planus.
Induction of Protective Immunity against Malaria by Priming-Boosting Immunization with Recombinant Cold-Adapted Influenza and Modified Vaccinia Ankara Viruses Expressing a CD8<sup>+</sup>-T-Cell Epitope Derived from the Circumsporozoite Protein of<i>Plasmodium yoelii</i> (2003)

We immunized mice with an attenuated (cold-adapted) influenza virus followed by an attenuated vaccinia virus (modified vaccinia virus Ankara), both expressing a CD8(+)-T-cell epitope derived from malaria sporozoites. This vaccination regimen elicited high levels of protection against malaria. This is the first time that the vaccine efficacy of a recombinant cold-adapted influenza virus vector expressing a foreign antigen has been evaluated.
Prediction of Strongly Enhanced Two-Dimensional Ferromagnetic Moments on Metallic Overlayers, Interfaces, and Superlattices (1985)

Strongly enhanced two-dimensional ferromagnetic moments are predicted for $3d$ bcc transition metals as overlayers and/or sandwiches and superlattices with Au and Ag. These range (in Bohr magnetons) from (i) 3.70 for Cr/Au(001), 2.96 for Fe/Ag(001), and 2.0 for V/Ag(001) for the overlayers, to (ii) 3.10 for the Au/Cr/Au sandwich and 2.95 for the Cr/Au superlattice, and to (iii) 3.1 for Cr on Fe/Au(001) and 2.30 for Fe on Cr/Ag(001). Surprisingly, a sizable moment (0.14${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathrm{B}}$) is induced onto neighboring Au atoms. The noble metals play an optimal role as an almost ideal substrate which allows two-dimensional magnetism to occur.
Pseudo-dense hair transplantation: Strategy of “less inside, more outside” and central bulking with curled chest hairs as treatment for scalp scars (2020)

Hair transplantation in areas of scalp scars is a clinical challenge. However, by creating the visual illusion of central bulking with the use of peripherally transplanted curled chest hairs, cicatricial alopecia can perhaps be cosmetically improved. In a case of a 34-year-old affected man, this strategic procedure was implemented with positive results, as the transplantation was successful, the scar was far less noticeable, and the patient was satisfied with the results. The "pseudo-dense hair transplantation" method can be applied to similar patients, noting that a more succinct procedure will need to be elucidated for the varying etiologies of cicatricial alopecia.
Enhancement of Nonviral Gene Transfer to Endothelial Cells Using Lipofection of Histone-Complexed DNA (1997)

Arterial gene transfer represents a novel approach for the treatment of a variety of vascular diseases. Lipofectamine (DOSPA/DOPE)-mediated transfer of pCMVβgal (7.2 kbp) to subconfluent bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) resulted in a transfection efficiency of 5.7 ± 2.35% of cells staining positive for β-galactosidase for a 10:1 ratio by weight of lipid/plasmid. Using histones up to 1 histone per 5 bp increased efficiency over 3-fold higher to a level of 18.2 ± 1.8%. In confluent BAEC, which are more difficult to lipofect, the use of histones increased the transfection efficiency over 10-fold to a level of 4.5%. Histones form a tight compact structure with the DNA and also protect DNA from DNase degradation. Using histones as a compacting agent while lowering the amount of lipofectamine resulted in a large drop in transfection efficiency, demonstrating that a critical liposome/plasmid ratio had to be maintained. When histones were not used, posttransfection treatment of endothelial cells with 100 µM chloroquine, which helps in disruption of the early endosome by increasing endosome pH, caused a 2.5-fold increase over transfection levels without chloroquine. However, chloroquine provided no benefit when plasmids were histone compacted. Thus, the use of chloroquine is not required. Since the improvements in transfection efficiency with histones (via improved DNase protection) and with chloroquine (via improved endocytotic escape) were not additive, the final rate limit to transfection may be plasmid entry into the nucleus. Ligands that facilitate receptor binding or fusigenic agents that promote endosome escape can aid in lipofection. Still, such approaches will not fully overcome the limits on efficiency that exist for nondividing endothelial cells in vivo.
Convenient method for stepwise synthesis of oligothymidylate derivatives in large-scale quantities (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient method for stepwise synthesis of oligothymidylate derivatives in large-scale quantitiesRobert L. Letsinger and Kelvin K. OgilvieCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 18, 4801–4803Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00994a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00994a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views286Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stable multiwavelength semiconductor optical amplifier‐based fiber laser using a 2‐mode interferometer (2020)

Abstract A multiwavelength semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) fiber laser based on all‐fiber two‐mode interferometer (TMI) structure is demonstrated. The TMI generates in a comb‐like spectrum with a 1‐nm wavelength spacing and extinction ratio of 5.7 dB. By incorporating a TMI in the laser cavity, stable multiwavelength operation is obtained with 30 output channels from 1570.8 to 1600.8 nm with peak powers of at least 10 dB from the highest peak. The output comb spectrum and the overall stability of the multiwavelength are also enhanced with by inducing the four‐wave‐mixing effect in the cavity. The multiwavelength SOA fiber laser shows high operational stability with peak power fluctuations exceeding 1 dB observed only at the 1 st , 23 rd , 26 th , and 30 th peaks, which are at the ends of the multiwavelength spectrum.
Recombinant Proteins in Newly Developed Foods: Identification of Allergenic Activity (1997)

A number of agricultural crops are being modified for various purposes using recombinant DNA technology. Since transferred genes may code for proteins that are ordinarily not present, there is concern about the potential allergenicity of these new varieties. The safety evaluation of transgenic foods is relatively easy when the allergenicity of the gene source is known. Recombinant allergens in genetically engineered or altered foods can be identified using traditional immunological assays such as RAST or ELISA inhibition or immunoblotting procedures. Our recent studies of two corn proteins (10 kD and HSZ) used to alter grain amino acid composition and of transgenic soybeans with an altered fatty acid profile are examples of this approach. Both 10 kD and HSZ did not bind IgE antibodies from sera of corn-reactive subjects by immunoblotting. Studies of wild-type and transgenic soybeans with high oleic acidic content by RAST inhibition and immunoblotting with pooled sera of soy-allergic individuals demonstrated no difference in the allergen content of both extracts. In contrast to these studies, a recent investigation by Nordlee et al. (1996) of transgenic soybeans which expressed a methionine/cysteine-rich protein from Brazil nuts identified this protein as a major Brazil nut allergen. These studies indicate that, when the gene source is from a known allergen or if the recipient contains allergens, it is possible to determine whether the allergen content of the transgenic line is altered relative to the nontransgenic varieties.
Application of optical coherence tomography for diagnosis and measurements of glycated hemoglobin (2003)

The hemoglobin solution with different concentrations of glucose and, therefore, different levels of glycated hemoglobin was studied by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Obtained images of OCT were used for the measurements of refractive index of samples. Our results showed that the refractive index can be potentially applied as simple and sensitive method for the evaluation of glycated hemoglobin amount.
Intraluminal Precipitation of Bile Acids in Stagnant Loop Syndrome (1973)

The postprandial concentrations of free and conjugated bile acids were measured in total content and micellar phase of jejunal aspirates from nine patients with steatorrhoea due to the stagnant loop syndrome and from 11 normal controls. Aspirates from the stagnant loop syndrome patients, but not from the normal controls, had a high concentration of free (unconjugated) bile acids. There was a reciprocal decrease in the concentration of conjugated bile acids, but total bile acid concentration in the whole aspirate remained normal. Total bile acid concentration in the micellar phase of intestinal content was reduced, indicating precipitation of bile acids. These findings suggest that precipitation of unconjugated bile acids, rather than passive absorption, leads to a reduced postprandial concentration of bile acids in the micellar phase of jejunal content, and are consistent with the hypothesis that fat malabsorption in the stagnant loop syndrome results from decreased micellar dispersion of lipolytic products.
Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear RNase P and its RNA subunit. (1991)

In an effort to elucidate the structure and reaction mechanism of eukaryotic RNase P, the nuclear RNase P was isolated from a single cell eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A 369 nucleotide RNA that comigrated with RNase P activity was identified. Several possible secondary structures of this RNA were drawn using structure analysis and one of them appeared to be very similar to the phylogenetic consensus structure of eubacterial RNase P RNAs. The genomic clone of this RNA (RPR1) was obtained by screening a yeast genomic DNA library and was mapped 600 bp downstream of the URA3 gene in chromosome V. RPR1 was found to be a single copy and essential gene. A temperature sensitive RPR1 variant showed reduced in vivo RNase P activity at the nonpermissive temperature, verifying that the RPR1 RNA is the functional RNA subunit of S. cerevisiae nuclear RNase P. Northern analysis of the RPR1 RNA in a yeast RNA polymerase III temperature sensitive mutant showed that the RPR1 gene is transcribed in vivo by RNA polymerase III (pol III). In vivo complementation analyses and northern analyses of strains containing point mutations in internal promoter similarities or deletions in the upstream region of RPR1 suggested that pol III internal promoter elements are located in a putative leader sequence of the primary transcript and that the upstream sequence is necessary for efficient in vivo expression. RNase P assay with a chimeric substrate lacking a 2$\sp\prime$ hydroxyl in the nucleotide of the cleavage site suggested that the 2$\sp\prime$ hydroxyl is not necessary for RNase P reaction, unlike other RNases. By constructing a variant pre-tRNA, it was demonstrated that the single stranded structure of pre-tRNA at the cleavage site facilitates the cleavage by RNase P. The modification of either B. subtilis RNase P RNA or S. cerevisiae nuclear RNase P with several chemical reagents showed that Mg$\sp{++}$ is associated with RNase P to constitute an active enzyme and that the protein subunits of S. cerevisiae nuclear RNase P may be involved in catalysis.
Deep Mutational Scanning of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Reveals Constraints on Folding and ACE2 Binding (2020)

The receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein mediates viral attachment to ACE2 receptor and is a major determinant of host range and a dominant target of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we experimentally measure how all amino acid mutations to the RBD affect expression of folded protein and its affinity for ACE2. Most mutations are deleterious for RBD expression and ACE2 binding, and we identify constrained regions on the RBD's surface that may be desirable targets for vaccines and antibody-based therapeutics. But a substantial number of mutations are well tolerated or even enhance ACE2 binding, including at ACE2 interface residues that vary across SARS-related coronaviruses. However, we find no evidence that these ACE2-affinity-enhancing mutations have been selected in current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic isolates. We present an interactive visualization and open analysis pipeline to facilitate use of our dataset for vaccine design and functional annotation of mutations observed during viral surveillance.
Facts about Radiation Risk Related to Bioengineering: Awareness of the Public by Passing on Relevant Information (2014)

The paper deals with the radiation risk in perspective with the other risks we encounter in our everyday lives. It emphasizes the health impact associated with bioengineering imaging techniques based on the use radiation generators or radiopharmaceuticals. Some aspects, important for the realistic perception of the actual and realistic magnitude of radiation hazards, which are usually largely exaggerated by the public, are discussed. In addition, some facts based on a comparison of different risks in order to neutralize possible psychological impact caused by radiophobia are also outlined.
13.1 A 940MHz-bandwidth 28.8µs-period 8.9GHz chirp frequency synthesizer PLL in 65nm CMOS for X-band FMCW radar applications (2016)

To obtain a 20cm-resolution image within a 15m distance using an X-band FMCW radar, an agile chirp frequency synthesizer phase-locked loop (FSPLL) with a wide chirp bandwidth (BW) greater than 750MHz and a short chirp period (Tm) less than 100μs is necessary. Challenges arise as one tries to realize a triangular chirp profile in Fig. 13.1.1 with a fast chirp slope (=BW/Tm) and precise linearity. In particular, many FMCW FSPLLs exhibit increased frequency errors around the turn-around points (TAPs), degrading the effective resolution achievable. For instance, for FSPLLs modulating either the reference or feedback clock frequency [1-3], the finite loop bandwidth of the PLL limits the maximum chirp slope as well as the linearity of the chirp profile. Moreover, many of these PLLs use a multi-modulus frequency divider (FD) and delta-sigma modulation (DSM) [2], which put further constraints on the maximum PLL bandwidth to filter the quantization noise. While a two-point modulation (TPM) scheme can decouple the conflicting requirements on the PLL bandwidth [4-6], the gain or timing mismatch between the two modulation paths and limited resolution of the DSM-based FD can still limit the chirp linearity, especially when one tries to push the chirp slope faster.
Modeling and performance of a one stage InP/GaInAs optoelectronic HBT 3-terminal mixer (2002)

A high conversion gain 3-terminal heterojunction photo transistor optoelectronic mixer was demonstrated. The maximum obtained internal mixing efficiency was 11.3 dB. The mixing performance was measured as a function of the DC bias of the device and local oscillator power level. A SPICE based large signal model was employed to simulate the device. The main non-linear effects which contribute to the mixing process were the bias dependence of the dynamic emitter resistance, and the transition from the active to the saturation mode.
Determination of disulphide bridges in PG‐2, an antimicrobial peptide from porcine leukocytes (1995)

We determined the cysteine connectivity of protegrin PG-2, a leukocyte-derived antimicrobial peptide, by performing sequential enzyme digestions with chymotrypsin and thermolysin, and monitoring each digest by direct liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometric analysis. This approach resolved the disulphide pairing pattern unambiguously with only picomolar amounts of PG-2. The inferred cysteine connectivity was confirmed by traditional amino acid composition analyses using nanomolar amounts of the protegrin. The results suggest that protegrins will assume a tachyplesin-like, disulphide-stabilized anti-parallel beta-sheet configuration in solution.
Sidney Kaufman (1983)

Cornell’s Kimball Hall is merely the wing of a building, disguising its inadequacies under a formal title usually affixed to solitary, majestic, ivied academic structures. Three of its five floors house, more like warehouse, the university’s department of geological sciences. The overwhelmed facilities are the result of a remarkable resurrection — at the end of the 1960s this department’s immediate ancestor was clearly fated to academic backwaterdom. Today the department is nationally respected and is attracting graduate students with superlative credentials. Weekday mornings on the third floor rarely vary. The first to arrive, usually an hour before anyone, is Sidney Kaufman, who were he betogaed instead of betweeded would pass for a Biblical patriarch in a Hollywood cinemonstrosity. The normal gauges — overall appearance, energy level, mental acuity — indicate a perfectly tuned, late fiftyish scholar for whom upcoming retirement will be the inauguration of a new, equally active phase, not a steady fading away.