gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-threshold, self-tuned and passively mode-locked coupled-cavity all-fiber lasers (1996)

Low threshold, self-tuned, and passively mode-locked fiber lasers with compact all-fiber coupled-cavity structures have been investigated experimentally. It is shown that the Bragg gratings used in a coupled-cavity fiber laser must be matched in their spectral characteristics for the mode-locking of the laser. Stable mode-locked optical pulses as short as 60 ps at a repetition rate of 213 MHz have been generated without the need of cavity length stabilization.
A Trial of Scheduled Deep Brain Stimulation for Tourette Syndrome (2012)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01329198.
Intracerebral Inflammation after Human Brain Contusion (1998)

The results corroborated hypotheses derived from experimental data. In the early phase after contusional trauma, inflammation is mainly intravascular and dominated by polymorphonuclear cells. The inflammation was parenchymal in patients undergoing surgery 3 to 5 days after trauma. The brain swelling seemed to be biphasic, the delayed phase correlating with a parenchymal inflammation. The inflammatory cells may produce several potentially harmful effects, such as acute cellular degeneration; they may also lead to degenerative long-term effects.
An Efficient Synthesis of Bicyclic Amidines by Intramolecular Cyclization (2004)

A real step-saver! In a one-step procedure for the synthesis of bicyclic amidines, the azido group is used directly as the nucleophile in the ring-forming reaction. Many functionalized and chiral bicyclic amidines were synthesized in good yield under mild reaction conditions. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z52750_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A matching algorithm between arbitrary sections of two speech data sets for speech retrieval (2002)

Proposes a matching algorithm to retrieve speech information from a speech database by speech query that allows continuous input. The algorithm is called shift continuous DP (CDP). Shift CDP extracts similar sections between two speech data sets. Two speech data sets are considered as reference patterns that are regarded as a speech database and input speech respectively. Shift CDP applies CDP to a constant length of unit reference patterns and provides a fast match between arbitrary sections in the reference pattern and the input speech. The algorithm allows endless input and real-time responses for the input speech query. Experiments were conducted for conversational speech and the results showed shift CDP was successful in detecting similar sections between arbitrary sections of the reference speech and arbitrary sections of the input speech. This method can be applied to all kinds of time sequence data such as moving images.
Sniffing out disease using the artificial nose. (2001)

Is there information in the odours that we emit and that circulate around us? More importantly, can doctors gain knowledge of disease by smelling their patients? Machines that emulate the mammalian nose have picked up the scent of several diseases and may drastically change diagnostic procedure.
Once Daily i.v. Busulfan and Fludarabine (i.v. Bu-Flu) Compares Favorably with i.v. Busulfan and Cyclophosphamide (i.v. BuCy2) as Pretransplant Conditioning Therapy in AML/MDS (2008)

We postulated that fludarabine (Flu) instead of cyclophosphamide (Cy) combined with i.v. busulfan (Bu) as preconditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) would improve safety and retain antileukemic efficacy. Sixty-seven patients received BuCy2, and subsequently, 148 patients received Bu-Flu. We used a Bayesian method to compare outcomes between these nonrandomized patients. The groups had comparable pretreatment characteristics, except that Bu-Flu patients were older (46 versus 39 years, P < .01), more often had unrelated donors (47.3% versus 20.9%, P < .0003), and had shorter median follow-up (39.7 versus 74.6 months). To account for improved supportive care and other unidentified factors that may affect outcome ("period" effects), 78 acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients receiving Melphalan-Flu (MF), treated in parallel during this time (1997-2004) were used to estimate the period effect. The MF patients' outcomes worsened during this period. Therefore, the period effect is unlikely to explain the greatly improved outcome with Bu-Flu. Patients transplanted with Bu-Flu in the first complete remission (CR1) had a 3-year overall survival and event-free-survival (EFS) of 78% and 74%, respectively, whereas CR1 patients younger than age 41 had a 3-year EFS of 83%. These results support replacing BuCy +/- ATG with Bu-Flu +/- rabbit-antithymocyte globulin (ATG), and warrant a prospective comparison between allogeneic HSCT and conventional induction/consolidation chemotherapy for AML in CR1.
Formation of 19(S)-, 19(R)-, and 18(R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids by alcohol-inducible cytochrome P450 2E1 (1993)

When reconstituted with cytochrome b5 and NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, cytochrome P450 2E1 metabolized lauric, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid to multiple metabolites. Two major metabolites, accounting for 78% of the total metabolism, were produced with arachidonic acid. The Vmax for total metabolite formation from arachidonic acid was 5 nmol/min/nmol P450 with an apparent Km of 62 microM. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified the two major metabolites as monohydroxylated eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). The major HETE was 19-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (19-HETE) and comprised 46% of the total metabolite produced. The second metabolite was the omega-2 hydroxylated metabolite (18-HETE) and comprised 32% of the total product formed. Chiral analysis demonstrated that 19-HETE was 70% 19(S)-HETE and 30% 19(R)-HETE. In contrast, 18-HETE was essentially 100% R isomer. Approximately 18% of the total metabolite produced from arachidonic acid coeluted with epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) standards. The EET metabolites were 56.4% 14,15-EET and 43.6% as a mixture of 11,12-EET and 8,9-EET. 5,6-EET was not detected. Anti-P450 2E1 IgG inhibited arachidonic acid metabolism by renal and hepatic microsomes prepared from acetone-treated rabbits. With renal cortex microsomes, the formation of 18-HETE and 19-HETE was inhibited 67 and 25%, respectively, by the antibody. Liver microsomal formation of 18-HETE was inhibited by 87% and 19-HETE by 70%. Thus, under conditions where cytochrome P450 2E1 is induced, the enzyme could contribute significantly to the formation of the omega-1 and omega-2 hydroxylated metabolites of arachidonic acid.
Performance analysis of assemble-to-order systems through strong approximations (2001)

No abstract available.
The Alox5 gene is a novel therapeutic target in cancer stem cells of chronic myeloid leukemia (2009)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed to be the initiating cells for many types of blood cancer and some solid tumors, and curative therapies of these cancers require eradicating CSCs. Specific targeting of CSCs but not normal stem cell counterparts is a correct strategy for developing new anti-cancer therapies, and the success of this approach relies on identification of specific target genes in CSCs. Using BCR-ABL-induced chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as a cancer model, we recently identified arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) gene (Alox5) as a critical regulator for leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in CML. Without Alox5, BCR-ABL fails to induce CML in mice due to the impairments of the functions of LSCs. The lack of Alox5 does not significantly affect the functions of normal hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, Zileuton, a specific 5-LO inhibitor, also causes the impairments of the functions of LSCs in a similar manner. Our results prove the principle that CSC-specific genes that play key roles in cancer development can be identified and inhibition of these genes can lead to eradication of these cells for cure. Here, we further discuss the mechanisms of Alox5 in CML, and the use of Zileuton as a potential and promising drug in eradicating LSCs in CML and other myeloproliferative diseases. We believe that our discovery of the role of Alox5 in regulating the function of LSCs in CML reminds us of viewing CSCs at a different angel. We predict that CSCs in other types of cancer also utilize specific regulatory pathways to control their survival and self-renewal, and inhibition of these pathways profoundly suppresses CSCs but not their normal stem cell counterparts. Specific targeting of CSCs without causing significant harm to normal stem cells should be a correct direction to go in developing novel therapeutic strategies in the future.
A combined uninterruptible power supply and dynamic voltage compensator using a flywheel energy storage system (2001)

Due to technological advancements, the flywheel energy storage system is becoming a viable alternative to electrochemical batteries. Two potential applications of flywheel systems are for voltage support and as an uninterruptible power supply. The two applications are both useful to protect critical loads on distribution feeders. Therefore, it may be useful to look at the possibility of combining both functions into one system. This paper considers a flywheel energy storage system which performs both functions and presents a novel control scheme using both sinusoidal pulse width modulation as well as a boost converter to regulate the critical load voltage on the feeder. Dynamic voltage compensation is achieved by injecting voltage through series transformers rather than by connecting the system in shunt, to minimize the amount of kVA required by the flywheel system. Simulations are provided using the Electromagnetic Transients Program to validate the concept.
Rapidly disintegrating oramucosal drug delivery technologies (2009)

In addition to successfully delivering drugs to a specific site within the body, a goal of any drug delivery system is to improve patient compliance. Thus, rapidly disintegrating oramucosal drug delivery systems are the focus of extensive research due to their ability to rapidly and efficiently deliver drugs. These drug delivery systems are able to release the drug as soon as they come into contact with saliva, thus obliviating the need for water during administration which is an attribute that makes them highly attractive for patient groups such as infants, pediatrics and geriatrics. The significant physiological and anatomical structural features of the oral cavity, the rationale behind the formulation and use of rapidly disintegrating technologies for oramucosal drug delivery, and the technologies that are currently available on the market or that are still under various stages of development is also discussed in this review article. The various technologies are described in terms of their methods of formulation and known mechanisms of drug release. The challenges posed by accurate in vitro disintegration and dissolution testing of rapidly disintegrating drug delivery systems employing conventional and the most recent novel methodologies are also discussed, including the use of ex-vivo permeation studies and in vivo models.
Abstract 1664: Alpha-tocopheryloxyacetic acid (aTEA) induced immune activation synergizes with radiation therapy to treat primary and metastatic murine mammary carcinoma (2016)

Abstract Immunotherapy has now emerged as a promising treatment for metastatic cancer. However, immunotherapy for advanced stage breast carcinoma remains an unmet need. Here we demonstrate that the novel immunomodulator alpha-tocopheryloxyacetic acid (aTEA) synergizes with radiation therapy (RT) in a metastatic murine mammary carcinoma model to improve tumor control more than each individual therapy, and we propose a mechanism based on the stimulation of type I interferons by aTEA. For in-vivo studies, C57BL/6 mice bearing 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma lesions were treated with dietary aTEA, 20 Gy x 2 fractions ionizing radiotherapy, or the combination of aTEA/RT. Immune activation in animals treated with dietary aTEA was determined by analyzing the percentage of proliferating CD4 and CD8 T cells using a Ki-67 assay. Pulmonary metastatic burden was determined using a clonogenic metastasis assay. For in-vitro studies, murine mammary carcinoma cell lines were treated with aTEA or LPS and whole cell lysates were analyzed by Western blot. Expression of interferon regulation factor 3 (IRF3) pathway proteins, including phospho-TANK binding protein kinase 1 (TBK1) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) were determined. Our results indicate that treatment with the combination of aTEA and RT significantly improves tumor control compared to either treatment alone. Combination therapy resulted in complete and durable tumor regression in a subset of animals treated, an effect not observed with aTEA or RT alone. Dietary administration of aTEA stimulates proliferation of both CD4 and CD8 T cells and significantly reduces metastatic burden in 4T1 tumor bearing mice. This immune stimulatory effect of aTEA appears to be mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and release of type I interferons through a STING mediated pathway. These preliminary results suggest that the combination of aTEA and ionizing radiation may be a viable therapy for the treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma. This therapeutic combination may provide more durable response to radiotherapy while simultaneously reducing further metastatic spread. Citation Format: Joshua M. Walker, Diego M. Barragan, Melissa J. Kasiewicz, Charles R. Thomas, William L. Redmond. Alpha-tocopheryloxyacetic acid (aTEA) induced immune activation synergizes with radiation therapy to treat primary and metastatic murine mammary carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1664.
Determination of bisphenol A and related aromatic compounds released from bis-GMA-based composites and sealants by high performance liquid chromatography. (2000)

Most of the composites and sealants used in dentistry are based on bisphenol A diglycidylether methacrylate (Bis-GMA). Reports revealed that in situ polymerization is not complete and that free monomers can be detected by different analytic methods. Concerns about the estrogenicity of bisphenol A (BPA) and other aromatic components leached from commercial products have been expressed. We studied biphenolic components eluted from seven composites and one sealant before and after in vitro polymerization using HPLC and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and we investigated how pH modifications affect the leaching of these components. We found BPA (maximal amount 1.8 microg/mg dental material), its dimethacrylate derivative (Bis-DMA, 1.15 microg/mg), bisphenol A diglycidylether (6. 1 microg/mg), Bis-GMA (2.0 microg/mg), and ethoxylate and propoxylate of bisphenol A in media in which samples of different commercial products were maintained under controlled pH and temperature conditions. Our results confirm the leaching of estrogenic monomers into the environment by Bis-GMA-based composites and sealants in concentrations at which biologic effects have been demonstrated in in vivo experimental models. The main issue with implications for patient care and dentist responsibility is to further determine the clinical relevance of this estrogenic exposure.
Online programmable wireless sensor node for testing purpose (2008)

This article describes the development of an online programmable wireless sensor node. The motivation is to develop a sensor node whose firmware can be upgraded online in wireless sensor network, i.e. the sensor node can be reprogrammed, when it is already deployed in the network. Secondly, we present our hardware design for a sensor node and how online programming.
Selective killing of glucose and oxygen-deprived HeLa cells by hyperthermia. (1980)

We previously have reported that glucose deprivation specifically enhance cell killing by hyperthermia in the absence of oxygen. The present studies were carried out to evaluate the interplay of glucose and oxygen on cell killing by hyperthermia (37 to 42 degrees) for up to 4 hr under varying concentrations of glucose (0 to 1 mg/ml) and oxygen (0 to 21%). pH 7.4 was maintained in all trials. In the absence of oxygen, enhanced cell killing at 40 and 42 degrees was seen with glucose concentrations below 0.1 and 0.25 mg/ml of media, respectively. In the absence of glucose, enhanced killing was seen when oxygen concentrations were below 1 and 2% at 40 and 42 degrees, respectively. The radiosensitivity of the cells was influenced only by the oxygen concentration during irradiation and not by glucose. These results indicate that oxygen and glucose are important modifying factors of cell lethality by hyperthermia.
Configuration management for highly customisable software (1998)

Customisable operating systems, database systems, and communication subsystems have demonstrated many advantages of customisation, including considerable performance improvements. One common approach for constructing customisable software is to implement it as a collection of modules that can be configured in different combinations to provide customised variants of the software. Typically, ad hoc methods are used to determine which modules may be combined. Such methods require intimate knowledge of the modules and their interactions or the configuration will not behave as expected. In this paper, we present a methodology that simplifies the difficult task of constructing correct custom variants of highly customisable software. The methodology is based on identifying relations between software modules that dictate which combinations are correct. We also introduce a configuration support tool that, based on these relations, allows only correct configurations to be created.
Using Local Knowledge Graph Construction to Scale Seq2Seq Models to Multi-Document Inputs (2019)

Angela Fan, Claire Gardent, Chloé Braud, Antoine Bordes. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
K<sup>+</sup>-Channel Openers for Relaxation of Isolated Penile Erectile Tissue from Rabbit (1990)

The effects of the K(+)-channel openers (KCOs) cromakalim (BRL 34915) and pinacidil were investigated and compared with those of papaverine on isolated corpus cavernosum from rabbit. Preparations were mounted in organ baths and isometric tension was recorded. Spontaneous contractile activity was effectively abolished by the KCOs tested, cromakalim being the most potent of them. The KCOs concentration-dependently and effectively depressed electrically induced contractions and also contractions induced by exogenously applied noradrenaline and by low (less than or equal to 20 mM) concentrations of K+. Cromakalim was three to four times more potent than pinacidil. Pinacidil and cromakalim were shown to cause increases in the efflux of 86Rb from preloaded cavernous tissue. Papaverine also effectively depressed spontaneous contractile activity, and contractions evoked by electrical stimulation and noradrenaline. It had a potency 19 to 36 times lower than that of cromakalim. However, papaverine did not increase 86Rb efflux from preloaded tissue. The results show that cromakalim and pinacidil effectively relax penile erectile tissue, probably by the opening of K(+)-channels and subsequent hyperpolarization. Further investigations on human material seems motivated in order to elucidate if the principle of K(+)-channel opening offers any therapeutic advantages to other drugs in the diagnosis and treatment of penile erectile dysfunction.
Review on state of art image enhancement and restoration methods for a vision based driver assistance system with De-weathering (2011)

The mission of intelligent vehicles is to assist the driver in decision making. The researchers have paid attention on developing various driver assistance systems in order to assure road safety. Most of the driver assistance systems do not produce accurate results in poor weather conditions. Poor visibility is considered to be a main reason for accidents. When the weather is poor (haze, fog, darkness, snow etc...) the driver cannot get a clear view of the road. Images of outdoor scenes captured in bad weather are severely degraded. Most of the outdoor vision applications require robust detection of image features. The main aim of the paper is to review state-of-art image enhancement and restoration methods for a Vision based Driver Assistance System which will help the driver by providing a clear view of the road when the weather is bad. This process is called “De-weathering”. Reasons for degradation are explained in order to provide the scientific background of the problem. Various image enhancement methods are reviewed in this paper such as interactive de-weathering, de-weathering using multiple images, model based methods, non-model based methods and image de-noising, in order to find a suitable approach for the vision based driver assistance system.
Frequency Synthesizers (2003)

Abstract This chapter provides systematic coverage of synthesizers starting with non‐coherent synthesizers, then covering phase locked loop‐based synthesizers, as well as direct digital synthesizers. The chapter covers all important aspects of these topics and provides design guides and trade‐offs.
Removal of Impurity Elements from Molten Aluminum: A Review (2011)

In the current paper, the technical progress of aluminum refining over the past 30 years has been summarized, including the improvement of batch reactor and in-line continuous reactors, the evolution of gas purging methods by nozzle, porous plug, and rotating impellor, and the use of fluxing by using gas mixtures (including argon, nitrogen, and chlorine) and solid salts (such as AlF3, MgCl2, and KCl). The mathematical models developed for the removal of impurity elements from molten aluminum were also reviewed. Thermodynamic factors were summarized, including the Gibbs free energy of the chemical reactions, activity coefficients of the impurity elements, and the melting and boiling points of impurity elements and related compounds. Kinetic factors used and derived by researchers are also reviewed, such as mass transfer coefficient of impurity elements, mixing power and mixing time in reactors stirred by gas, impellor and circulation of the fluid, and the size, residence time, and terminal velocity of bubbles. The current review provides useful information for the future study of the removal of impurity elements from aluminum.
Spectrum Efficiency and Cost Evaluation for G.654.E Fiber Based Optical Transmission Systems (2020)

We evaluate the spectrum efficiency and the cost of a G.654.E fiber based optical transmission system. Simulation results show that, for a 400G optical transmission system, using G.654.E fiber with 0.17-dB/km attenuation coefficient and 130-μm 2 large effective area (A eff ) can achieve the best tradeoff between spectrum efficiency and system cost.
Spectral signal processing in intrinsic interferometric sensors based on birefringent polarization-maintaining optical fibers (1995)

The straightforward spectral signal processing technique is applied in intrinsic strain, temperature and distributed linear position interferometric fiber optic sensors based on birefringent polarization maintaining fibers. The method provides nonincremental absolute measurements of external physical parameter affecting the sensing fiber. Simultaneous interrogation of sensors in a network is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>