gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic purification of antibodies (2016)

This work aimed at the development of magnetic nanoparticles for antibody purification and at the evaluation of their performance in Magnetic fishing and in a newly developed hybrid technology Magnetic Aqueous Two Phase Systems. Magnetic materials were produced by coprecipitation and solvothermal approaches. Natural polymers such as dextran, extracellular polysaccharide and gum Arabic were employed for coating of iron oxide magnetic supports. Polymer coated magnetic supports were then modified with synthetic antibody specific ligands,namely boronic acid, a triazine ligand (named 22/8) and an Ugi ligand (named A2C7I1). To optimize the efficacy of magnetic nanoparticles for antibody magnetic fishing, various solutions of pure and crude antibody solutions along with BSA as a non-specific binding protein were tested. The selectivity of magnetic nanoparticle for antibody, IgG, was found effective with boronic acid and ligand 22/8. Magnetic supports were then studied for their performance in high gradient magnetic separator for effective separation capability as well as higher volume handling capability. The magnetic materials were also supplemented to aqueous two phase systems, devising a new purification technology. For this purpose, magnetic particles modified with boronic acid were more effective. This alternative strategy reduced the time of operation,maximized separation capability (yield and purity), while reducing the amount of salt required. Boronic acid coated magnetic particles bound 170 ± 10 mg hIgG/g MP and eluted 160 ± 5 mg hIgG/g MP, while binding only 15 ± 5 mg BSA/g MP. The affinity constant for the interaction between hIgG and APBA_MP was estimated as 4.9 × 105 M-1 (Ka) with a theoretical maximum capacity of 492 mg hIgG adsorbed/g MP (Qmax). APBA_MPs were also tested for antibody purification directly from CHO cell supernatants. The particles were able to bind 98% of IgG loaded and to recover 95% of pure IgG (purity greater than 98%) at extremely mild conditions.
Photonic Crystal Optrode Sensor for Detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> in High Ionic Strength Environments (2003)

We developed an optrode sensing device that utilizes a polymerized colloidal array (PCCA) photonic crystal material. This array diffracts light in the visible spectral region due to the periodic spacing of colloidal particles. The PCCA changes diffraction wavelength due to binding of Pb2+ to an 18-crown-6 ether molecular recognition agent. This optrode consists of a probe assembly that contains the PCCA Pb2+ sensing film. An inexpensive, commercial diode array spectrometer and a fiber-optic reflectance probe monitors the wavelength of light back diffracted by the PCCA. Liquid inlet and outlet connections are provided to introduce the sample solution and to exchange out nonbinding ions. In low ionic strength solutions, diffraction wavelength shifts are actuated by the binding of the Pb2+ to the crown ether to immobilize the Pb2+ counterions. In these low ionic strength solutions, a Donnan potential forms to cause an osmotic pressure, which swells the PCCA in proportion to the number density of bound Pb2+. This Donnan potential disappears at high ionic strengths. Thus, no response of the PCCA occurs. Our optrode design allows for the fast removal of nonbound ions from the PCCA by washing with pure water. Since the bound Pb2+ ions have a slow off rate from the crown ether, the bound Pb2+ PCCA diffraction transiently red shifts during washing, directly in proportion to the sample Pb2+ concentration. This transient diffraction red-shift can be used to quantitatively determine Pb2+ concentrations in high ionic strength solutions such as bodily fluids.
Phenotypic expression and management factors affecting the selling price of feeder cattle sold at Arkansas livestock auctions (2012)

ABSTRACT Data (38,346 lots) were collected from 14 Arkansas livestock auctions to determine factors affecting selling price based on phenotypic expression and management. Data included selling calves in groups, sex, breed or breed type, color, muscle score, horn status, frame score, fill, body condition, age, health, BW, and price. Selling prices for steers ($116.16 ± 0.16), bulls ($109.85 ± 0.19), and heifers ($102.71 ± 0.13) were different (P 0.10). Black-white faced color sold for the highest price ($111.74 ± 0.29; P 0.10). The selling prices of muscle scores of 1, 2, 3, and 4 were $110.82 ± 0.10, $101.88 ± 0.21, $78.41 ± 0.84, and $53.64 ± 0.23, respectively, and were different (P 0.10) from that of medium-framed feeder calves. Several management and genetic factors affected the selling price of feeder cattle.
The Interaction of Chlorine with Different Types of Organic Sulfur Compounds (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Interaction of Chlorine with Different Types of Organic Sulfur CompoundsIrwin B. Douglass and Treat B. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 6, 1486–1489Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01273a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01273a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views505Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular Mechanism of Solvent-Induced Crystallization of Syndiotactic Polystyrene Glass. 1. Time-Resolved Measurements of Infrared/Raman Spectra and X-ray Diffraction (2000)

Time-resolved measurements of FT-IR and Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction have been performed to trace the structural changes in the solvent-induced crystallization of syndiotactic polystyrene glass sample. After the exposure of the glassy sample into the atmosphere of such organic solvent as toluene, benzene, or chloroform, the IR and Raman bands characteristic of the regular helical conformation of (T2G2)2 type were found to increase the intensities with time. Some time delay was found for the appearance of the bands with different critical sequence lengths, leading to the concrete description of the growth of regular helical chain from the random coil. The X-ray scattering intensity began to increase largely at the timing of the appearance of the IR and Raman bands of long helical sequences, indicating that the crystal lattice starts to be formed at the timing when the long segments of regular helical form are gathered together. The rate of this crystallization process depends on the kind of the used solvent. The factors governing this difference have been discussed.
Membrane-based removal of volatile methylsiloxanes from biogas (2012)

This work investigates the removal of volatile methylsiloxanes (VMS) from biogas using dense, rubbery membranes. It consists of the following:a) thorough overview of already established and still developing siloxane removal technologies,b) detailed investigation of a viable sampling and analytical method,c) screening of different elastomers to identify siloxane-selective membrane materials,d) design of a suitable membrane structure, i.e. theoretical considerations about the thicknesses of the active separation layer and the porous support layer,e) assessment of the siloxane separation performance of a silicone membrane module using both synthetic gas under laboratory conditions and real landfill gas,f) comparison between the state-of-the-art technology (adsorption on activated carbon) and membrane-based processes.Suitable polymers for siloxane removal from biogas exist, however, they are not commercially available as membranes. Among the elastomers studied, Pebax®2533 is particularly promising. The use of a membrane made of this material could potentially become new state-of-the-art technology.
Cyclometallated Compounds of Pd(II) with 1-Methylphenylimidazoles (1990)

Abstract The reaction of palladium(II) acetate or potassium tetrachloropalladate(II) with 1-methyl-4-phenylimidazole, 1-methyl-2,4-diphenylimidazole, 1-methyl-2,5-diphenylimidazole, 1-methyl-4,5-diphenylimidazole and 1-methyl-2,4,5-triphenylimidazole, whose derivatives are named a, b, c, d and e, respectively, gives cyclometallated acetato (1) and chloro (2) bridged dimeric complexes, which can be interconverted. By convenient metathesis reactions (1) and (2) give the bromo bridged dimeric complex (3). Complexes (2) and (3) react with excess triphenylphosphine to give the cyclometallated monomers (4) and (5) of formula LPd(X)PPh3 [(4), X = Cl; (5), X = Br; L = phenylimidazole-N,C]. Treatment of (2) with Tl(acac) yields monomeric products (6) of formula LPd(acac-O,O). The products obtained have been characterized by elemental analysis (C,H,N) and by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies.
Non-catalyzed and Pt/γ-Al2O3-catalyzed hydrothermal cellulose dissolution–conversion: influence of the reaction parameters and analysis of the unreacted cellulose (2009)

Hydrothermal dissolution and/or conversion of cellulose Avicel® occurred at 190 °C under 5 MPa of H2 in the absence of catalyst. This reaction is temperature and time dependent. A dissolution–conversion ratio of 35% was obtained after 24 h of reaction and glucose and HMF were detected as monomeric products in a global yield of less than 5%, indicating that the majority of the products are composed of soluble oligo- and polysaccharides. The unreacted cellulose was analyzed using XRD, 13C solid state NMR, TGA-DTA and SEM and compared to the initial cellulose. We showed that although morphology changes occurred during the reaction, no modification of the crystallinity was observed and that hydrothermal treatment did not affect a specific part of the cellulose polymer. The presence of Pt/γ-Al2O3 increased the initial rate of dissolution–conversion significantly as well as the distribution of the monomeric products. Pt and H2 atmosphere were seen to increase the dissolution–conversion ratio however their role has not been yet well established.
An Uncooled Infrared Microbolometer Array for Low-Cost Applications (2015)

This letter describes the implementation of a low-cost 32 × 32 uncooled infrared microbolometer array using a standard 0.5-μm CMOS process and a surface sacrificial layer technique, in which the CMOS metal interconnection layers are used as the infrared sensitive material. The sacrificial layer embedded during the CMOS fabrication can be etched using a simple wet etching process following the CMOS processes, without the need for any lithography or material deposition steps. The CMOS metal interconnect layers are aluminum, with a temperature coefficient of resistance of 0.398%/K. The 32 × 32 focal plane array (FPA) has a pixel size of 65 μm × 65 μm and a fill factor of 29%. The thermal conductance of the FPA was measured to be 3.47 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> W/K, with a thermal time of 3.85 ms, and a dc responsivity of 1050 V/W at a 10-Hz chopper frequency. The total measured rms noise of the microbolometer is 0.706 μV for a 10-kHz bandwidth, resulting in a detectivity of 5.2 × 108 cmHz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> /W.
Extremophiles in biofuel synthesis (2010)

The current global energy situation has demonstrated an urgent need for the development of alternative fuel sources to the continually diminishing fossil fuel reserves. Much research to address this issue focuses on the development of financially viable technologies for the production of biofuels. The current market for biofuels, defined as fuel products obtained from organic substrates, is dominated by bioethanol, biodiesel, biobutanol and biogas, relying on the use of substrates such as sugars, starch and oil crops, agricultural and animal wastes, and lignocellulosic biomass. This conversion from biomass to biofuel through microbial catalysis has gained much momentum as biotechnology has evolved to its current status. Extremophiles are a robust group of organisms producing stable enzymes, which are often capable of tolerating changes in environmental conditions such as pH and temperature. The potential application of such organisms and their enzymes in biotechnology is enormous, and a particular application is in biofuel production. In this review an overview of the different biofuels is given, covering those already produced commercially as well as those under development. The past and present trends in biofuel production are discussed, and future prospects for the industry are highlighted. The focus is on the current and future application of extremophilic organisms and enzymes in technologies to develop and improve the biotechnological production of biofuels.
Phenotypic characterization of an alpha 4 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit knock-out mouse. (2000)

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are present in high abundance in the nervous system (Decker et al., 1995). There are a large number of subunits expressed in the brain that combine to form multimeric functional receptors. We have generated an alpha(4) nAChR subunit knock-out line and focus on defining the behavioral role of this receptor subunit. Homozygous mutant mice (Mt) are normal in size, fertility, and home-cage behavior. Spontaneous unconditioned motor behavior revealed an ethogram characterized by significant increases in several topographies of exploratory behavior in Mt relative to wild-type mice (Wt) over the course of habituation to a novel environment. Furthermore, the behavior of Mt in the elevated plus-maze assay was consistent with increased basal levels of anxiety. In response to nicotine, Wt exhibited early reductions in a number of behavioral topographies, under both unhabituated and habituated conditions; conversely, heightened levels of behavioral topographies in Mt were reduced by nicotine in the late phase of the unhabituated condition. Ligand autoradiography confirmed the lack of high-affinity binding to radiolabeled nicotine, cytisine, and epibatidine in the thalamus, cortex, and caudate putamen, although binding to a number of discrete nuclei remained. The study confirms the pivotal role played by the alpha(4) nAChR subunit in the modulation of a number of constituents of the normal mouse ethogram and in anxiety as assessed using the plus-maze. Furthermore, the response of Mt to nicotine administration suggests that persistent nicotine binding sites in the habenulo-interpeduncular system are sufficient to modulate motor activity in actively exploring mice.
Colorectal neoplasm detection using virtual colonoscopy: a feasibility study (1998)

Virtual colonoscopy is a feasible method for evaluating the colon; it may have role in diagnosis of colorectal cancer and polyps.
Decrease of asynchronous rotation-frequence noise and vibration caused by electromagnetic force inside the motor for a hybrid vehicle (2011)

A hybrid vehicle (HEV) is one of the solutions to improve efficiency of a cruse and to reduce CO2 gas. It is requested to decrease the motor size and to increase the maximum torque for minimizing the driving units. For these purposes permanent magnet applied motors have been commonly used recently. And according to electrical output up rating of a hybrid electric vehicle motor, parallel circuits will take place in the armature circuit. But it possibly causes trouble of noise and vibration of the motor because the motor driving systems of electric vehicle (EV) or HEV must operate at large variable speed ranges of up to 1:5. The authors analyzed the feature of noise pattern and consider the main cause. Mock up tests are conducted to confirm the main cause and the countermeasures including winding scheme change are determined. This paper describes mechanism of asynchronous rotation-fequence noise and vibrations arising from parallel circuit and the method to decrease them.
Effect of Ozonation and UV Irradiation with Direct Filtration on Disinfection and Disinfection by-Product Precursors in Drinking Water Treatment (2001)

Pilot plant studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of pre-ozonation and ultraviolet irradiation on disinfection, disinfection by-product precursors and water quality in a direct filtration water treatment system. Disinfection parameters including total coliforms, faecal coliforms and heterotrophic plate count were investigated. Total organic carbon (TOC), trihalomethanes (THMs), total organic halides (TOX), filtered water turbidity and colour were also evaluated. It was found that advanced pre-oxidation processes (ozonation and UV irradiation) significantly increase the level of disinfection of raw water. Removal of total trihalomethanes and total organic halides precursors improved with ozonation and UV irradiation, compared to no oxidation treatment in direct filtration and/or in conventional water treatment. All coliforms (total and faecal) were completely destroyed by ozonation alone, and also with ozonation in conjunction with UV irradiation. However, the heterotrophic plate count was not significantly reduced at an ozone residual concentration of 0.1 mg l(-1). This suggests that disinfection efficiency is strongly influenced by competition reactions of organic and inorganic compounds with ozone. Precursors of total trihalomethanes and total organic halides were reduced by 90% and 98%, respectively, with advanced pre-oxidation processes. Water quality parameters were improved by the pre-ozonation and UV irradiation treatment system.
Transmural Channels Can Protect Ischemic Tissue (1996)

We were able to protect the heart against coronary artery occlusion by making transmural channels 2 months before occlusion. Channels created by a needle provided greater protection than channels created by a laser, probably because they caused less initial injury. Our results are consistent with the concept that the channels were able to provide blood flow to the tissue directly from the ventricular cavity; however, we cannot rule out the possibility that other mechanisms of protection may be involved.
3D Reconstruction and Texture Optimization Using a Sparse Set of RGB-D Cameras (2019)

We contribute a new integrated system designed for high-quality 3D reconstructions. The system consists of a sparse set of commodity RGB-D cameras, which allows for fast and accurate scan of objects with multi-view inputs. We propose a robust and efficient tile-based streaming pipeline for geometry reconstruction with TSDF fusion which minimizes memory overhead and calculation cost. Our multi-grid warping method for texture optimization can address misalignments of both global structures and small details due to the errors in multi-camera registration, optical distortions and imprecise geometries. In addition, we apply a global color correction method to reduce color inconsistency among RGB images caused by variations of camera settings. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed system with detailed experiments of multi-view datasets.
Markerless Outdoor AR-RFID Solution for Logistics (2013)

The main objective of this paper is to describe the logistics processes improvement by use of AR (augmented reality) and hybrid RFID (Radio-frequency identification) technologies in outdoor environment. Augmented reality and RFID nowadays are well known and widespread technologies. It is possible to achieve functional and perspective system by merging these technologies together. The paper provides theoretical characteristics of logistics, RFID, AR technologies and offers theoretical model for idea implementation and approbation. Model depicts markerless AR-RFID solution for outdoor object tracking and 3D model visualization. Also physical structure and basic calculations are offered to provide necessary fundamentals for development of test platform and pilot product. Provision of outdoor object tracking and 3D model visualization may significantly impact and improve logistics processes in varies of fields.
Specialized peptide transport system in Escherichia coli (1975)

Trileucine is utilized as a source of leucine for growth of strains of Escherichia coli K-12 that are deficient in the oligopeptide transport system (Opp). Trithreonine is toxic to E. coli K-12. Opp- mutants of E. coli K-12 retain complete sensitivity to this tripeptide. Moreover, E. coli W, which is resistant to trithreonine, can utlize this tripeptide as a threonine source and this capability is fully maintained in E. coli W (Opp-). A spontaneous trithreonine-resistant mutant of E. coli K-12 (Opp-) has been isolated that has an impaired growth response to trileucine and is resistant to trithreonine. Trileucine competes with the uptake of trithreonine as measured by its ability to relieve trithreonine toxicity in E. coli K-12. It is concluded that trileucine as well as trithreonine are transported into E. coli K-12 or W by a common uptake system that is distinct from the Opp system. Trimethionine can act as a competitor of trileucine or trithreonine-supported growth and as an antagonist of trithreonine toxicity in Opp- mutants. It is concluded that trimethionine is recognized by the trileucine-trithreonine transport system. Trithreonine, trimethionine, and trileucine are also transported by the Opp system, as they all relieve triornithine toxicity towards E. coli W and compete with tetralysine utilization as lysine source for growth of a lysine auxotroph of this strain.
Constructs for the expression of repeating triple-helical protein domains (2008)

The development of novel scaffolds will be an important aspect in future success of tissue engineering. Scaffolds will preferably contain information that directs the cellular content of constructs so that the new tissue that is formed is closely aligned in structure, composition and function to the target natural tissue. One way of approaching this will be the development of novel protein-based constructs that contain one or more repeats of functional elements derived from various proteins. In the present case, we describe a strategy to make synthetic, recombinant triple-helical constructs that contain repeat segments of biologically relevant domains. Copies of a DNA fragment prepared by PCR from human type III collagen have been inserted in a co-linear contiguous fashion into the yeast expression vector YEpFlag-1, using sequential addition between selected restriction sites. Constructs containing 1, 2 and 3 repeats were designed to maintain the (Gly-X-Y) repeat, which is essential for the formation of an extended triple helix. All constructs gave expressed protein, with the best being the 3-repeat construct which was readily secreted. This material had the expected composition and N-terminal sequence. Incubation of the product at low temperature led to triple-helix formation, shown by reaction with a conformation dependent monoclonal antibody.