gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated fabrication of polysilicon mechanisms (1988)

The integrated fabrication of planar polysilicon mechanisms incorporating lower and higher kinematic pairs (or joints) is described. The two lower kinematic pairs (revolute and prismatic) commonly used in macrorobotic systems are compatible with silicon microfabrication technology. The mechanisms are fabricated by surface micromachining techniques using polysilicon as the structural material and oxide as the sacrificial material. Turbines with gear and blade rotors as small as 125 mu m in diameter and 4.5 mu m in thickness were fabricated on 20- mu m-diameter shafts. A clearance as tight as 1.2 mu m was achieved between the gear and the shaft. Gear trains with two or three sequentially-aligned gears were successfully meshed. A submillimeter pair of tongs with 400- mu m range-of-motion at the jaws was fabricated. This structure incorporates a single prismatic joint and two revolute joints, demonstrating linear-to-rotary motion conversion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Current Trends in the Development of Nitric Oxide Donors (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hospital groups turning to advertorial campaigns to improve public image. (1991)

The hospital industry is taking an unusual approach to improving a public image tarnished by such issues as certificate-of-need battles and calls to justify not-for-profit tax-exempt status. The advertorial campaigns seek to express the hospital industry's views on health issues and to educate the public about hospitals' community contributions.
Glutamate Transport in the Synaptic Vesicle (1986)

L-glutamate, a strong candidate for the major excitatory neurotransmitter, is now clearly demonstrated to be taken up into virtually pure, isolated synaptic vesicles in an ATP-dependent but Na+-independent manner. Pharmacological evidence suggests that the vesicular glutamate uptake is driven by an electrochemical proton gradient generated by a proton-pump ATPase. The ATP-dependent vesicular uptake is highly specific for glutamate, and the glutamate translocator has properties distinct from the Na+-dependent glutamate transporter in the plasma membrane as well as from postsynaptic receptors. These lines of evidence provide additional support for the proposed neurotransmitter role of glutamate. It is proposed that this unique vesicular translocator may play a crucial role in selecting glutamate for synaptic transmission.
Thermal response and ablation characteristics of light weight ceramic ablators (1993)

An account is given of the thermal performance and ablation characteristics of the NASA-Ames Lightweight Ceramic Ablators (LCAs) in supersonic, high-enthalpy convective environments, which use low density ceramic or carbon fiber matrices as substrates for main structural support, with organic resin fillers. LCA densities are in the 0.224-1.282 g/cu cm range. In-depth temperature data have been obtained to determine thermal penetration depths and conductivity. The addition of SiC and PPMA is noted to significantly improve the ablation performance of LCAs with silica substrates. Carbon-based LCAs are the most mass-efficient at high flux levels.
Molecular Correlates of Host Specialization in Staphylococcus aureus (2007)

Whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analyses revealed a set of molecular genetic features that distinguish clones of highly successful bovine-associated S. aureus optimized for mastitis pathogenesis in cattle from those that infect human hosts or are only infrequently recovered from bovine sources. Further, the results suggest that modern bovine specialist clones diverged from a common ancestor resembling human-associated S. aureus clones through a combination of foreign DNA acquisition and gene decay.
Automated provisioning of application in IAAS cloud using Ansible configuration management (2015)

Cloud has become a dominant technology in todays information technology environment and the need arises to abide with the growing demand of clients. The pressure on information technology organizations is constantly increasing to deploy the customer's application over private cloud. This change has come into light since a large number of clients have directly started to contact the cloud venders for this support. Moreover, the DevOps teams are in much bigger focus now since they are responsible for the automation and provisioning of the whole environment along with the client application. This paper focuses upon the automation of customer application right from environment provisioning to application deployment. In this paper the whole architecture of automated application deployment assembled using amazon as IAAS provider and Ansible as the orchestration engine.
Forced Folding and Structural Analysis of Metastable Proteins (2004)

A significant fraction of the proteins encoded by the human and other genomes appears to be significantly unfolded in vitro. This will undoubtedly hamper attempts to characterize their structure by classical crystallographic or solution NMR methods. Here we show that encapsulation of a metastable protein within the restricted volume a reverse micelle can be used to force fold the protein and allow its characterization by modern methods of NMR spectroscopy. This may have significant utility in the context of structural proteomics. In addition, variation of the inner volume of the reverse micelle can be used to probe the character of the manifold of unfolded states.
Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) with Advanced Reduction Processes (ARPs): A Critical Review (2020)

Advanced reduction processes (ARPs) have emerged as a promising method for destruction of persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water due to the generation of short-lived and highly reductive hydrated electrons (e<sub>aq</sub><sup>-</sup>). This study provides a critical review on the mechanisms and performance of reductive destruction of PFAS with e<sub>aq</sub><sup>-</sup>. Unique properties of e<sub>aq</sub><sup>-</sup> and its generation in different ARP systems, particularly UV/sulfite and UV/iodide, are overviewed. Different degradation mechanisms of PFAS chemicals, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and others (e.g., short chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), per- and polyfluoro dicarboxylic acids, and fluorotelomer carboxylic acids), are reviewed, discussed, and compared. The degradation pathways of these PFAS chemicals rely heavily upon their head groups. For specific PFAS types, fluoroalkyl chain lengths may also affect their reductive degradation patterns. Degradation and defluorination efficiencies of PFAS are considerably influenced by solution chemistry parameters and operating factors, such as pH, dose of chemical solute (i.e., sulfite or iodide) for e<sub>aq</sub><sup>-</sup> photoproduction, dissolved oxygen, humic acid, nitrate, and temperature. Furthermore, implications of the state-of-the-art knowledge on practical PFAS control actions in water industries are discussed and the priority research needs are identified.
Accurate characterization of gate-N/sup -/ overlapped LDD with the new L/sub eff/ extraction method (2002)

Accurate characterization of the gate-N/sup -/ overlapped LDD (lightly doped drain) is carried out, based on the newly extracted L/sub eff/ which corresponds to the metallurgical channel length. Current drive improvement of the overlapped LDD over the conventional LDD is not so large as expected when the comparison is based on the same metallurgical channel length. Gate-source/drain overlap capacitance calculated from the newly extracted overlap length is useful for accurate analysis of propagation delay. It is shown that the current drive improvement of the overlapped LDD does not overcome the increase of the overlap capacitance and that the propagation delay of the inverter with overlapped LDD is larger than that of the conventional LDD, when these two LDDs are optimized for hot carrier reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Toxicology update isoparaffinic hydrocarbons: A summary of physical properties, toxicity studies and human exposure data (1990)

The Isoparaffins covered in this manuscript are branched aliphatic hydrocarbons with a carbon skeleton length ranging from approximately C10 to C15. They are used in the manufacture of liquid imaging toners, paint formulations, charcoal lighter fluid, furniture polishes and floor clearners. Potential exposure exists in the petroleum, printing and paint industries. Isoparaffins have a very low order of acute toxicity, being practically non-toxic by oral, dermal and inhalation routes. However, aspiration of liquid isoparaffins into the lungs during oral ingestion could result in severe pulmonary injury. Dermally, isoparaffins have produced slight to moderate irritation in animals and humans under occluded patch conditions where evaporation cannot freely occur. However, they are not irritating in non-occluded tests, which are a more realistic simulation of human exposure. They have not been found to be sensitizers in guinea pig or human patch testing. However, occasional rare idiosyncratic sensitization reactions in humans have been reported. Instillation of isoparaffins into rabbit eyes produces only slight irritation. Several studies have evaluated sensory irritation in laboratory animals or odor or sensory response in humans. When evaluated by a standard procedure to assess upper airway irritation, isoparaffins did not produce sensory irritation in mice exposed to up to 400 ppm isoparaffin in air. Human volunteers were exposed for six hours to 100 ppm isoparaffin. The subjects were given a self-administered questionnaire to evaluate symptoms, which included dryness of the mucous membranes, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, dizziness, feeling of inebriation, visual disturbances, tremor, muscular weakness, impairment of coordination or paresthesia. No symptoms associated with solvent exposure were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Logistic Normal Priors for Unsupervised Probabilistic Grammar Induction (2008)

We explore a new Bayesian model for probabilistic grammars, a family of distributions over discrete structures that includes hidden Markov models and probabilistic context-free grammars. Our model extends the correlated topic model framework to probabilistic grammars, exploiting the logistic normal distribution as a prior over the grammar parameters. We derive a variational EM algorithm for that model, and then experiment with the task of unsupervised grammar induction for natural language dependency parsing. We show that our model achieves superior results over previous models that use different priors. 1
A Collaborative Environment Perception Approach for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (2018)

In this paper, we focus on vehicular safety applications based on the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) standard. We propose a new mechanism to alleviate channel congestion by reducing the beacons load while maintaining an accurate awareness level. Our scheme is based on the collective perception concept which consists in sharing perceived status information collected by vehicles equipped with different types of sensors (radars, lidars, cameras, etc.). To achieve our goal, we propose two main schemes. The first one consists in implementing the collective perception capability on vehicles and adding a new category of status messages to share locally collected sensor data in order to reduce channels load and enhance vehicles' awareness. The second scheme concerns the accuracy level of the received information from the collective perception enabled vehicles by fixing a prior error threshold on the position. The method proposed is validated by simulations and the results obtained are compared to those of an application based on the traditional beaconing scheme of the IEEE802.11p standard. The simulations show that the proposed scheme is able to significantly reduce the load on the control channel incurred by the beacons and the packet error ratio for different network densities and built-in sensors characteristics.
Dynamic multi-path routing (2001)

In this paper we study the dynamic multi-path routing problem. We focus on an operating regime where traffic flows arrive at and depart from the network in a bursty fashion, and where the delays involved in link state advertisement may lead to "synchronization" effects that adversely impact the performance of dynamic single-path routing schemes.We start by analyzing a simple network of parallel links, where the goal is to minimize the average increase in network congestion on the time scale of link state advertisements. We consider an asymptotic regime leading to an optimization problem permitting closed-form analysis of the number of links over which dynamic multi-path routing should be conducted. Based on our analytical result we examine three types of dynamic routing schemes, and identify a robust policy, i.e., routing the traffic to a set of links with loads within a factor of the least loaded, that exhibits robust performance. We then propose a similar policy for mesh networks and show by simulation some of its desirable properties. The main results suggest that our proposal would provide significant performance improvement for high speed networks carrying bursty traffic flows.
The rationale for the use of dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease (1995)

Experimental and clinical studies indicate that both dopamine D2-like and D1-like receptors are important in reversing the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, and therefore stimulation of both D1 and D2 receptors may be advantageous in its treatment. At present, the role of other receptor subtypes, such as the D3 receptor, remains unknown, although in primates the D3 receptor might be of importance because it exists in significant amounts within the caudate-putamen. Both D1 and D2 agonists induce dyskinesias in drug-naive, MPTP-treated primates and provoke dyskinesias in levodopa-primed animals. D1 agonists in low doses, however, might have antiparkinsonian effects without inducing dyskinesias, and on repeated administration perhaps can diminish the intensity of dyskinesias in levodopa-primed, MPTP-treated primates. The production of dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease might reflect an imbalance in the D1-direct and D2-indirect GABAergic output pathways from the caudate-putamen, which colocalize tachykinins and enkephalins, respectively. Destruction of the nigrostriatal pathway decreases the mRNA for substance P but elevates the mRNA for enkephalin. Treatment with levodopa reverses the decrease in substance P mRNA but has either a partial or no effect on mRNA for enkephalin. This suggests that levodopa treatment leads to a new imbalance between output from the striatum through the direct and indirect pathways. In contrast, dopamine agonists appear less able than levodopa to manipulate basal ganglia outflow. This might reflect their decreased ability to reverse parkinsonian motor deficits or the greater ability of levodopa to provoke dyskinesias. Dopamine agonist drugs also might exert neuroprotective actions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Corrosion Inhibition of Wet Gas Pipelines under High Gas and Liquid Velocities (2000)

Abstract Work was conducted to assess the applicability of carbon steel pipeline and corrosion inhibitor as a viable combination for transporting wet multiphase corrosive petroleum fluids under high gas and liquid velocities. Flow loop tests were performed to study the performance of inhibitors under simulated field conditions with gas and liquid velocity as high as 25 m/s. The results showed that inhibition efficiency greater than 96% can be achieved with 100 to 200 ppm of corrosion inhibitors specially formulated for high shear applications. The performance of inhibitors with respect to concentration showed a typical profile similar to that observed at lower velocity. The effective concentration was dependent upon the flow regime. Slug flow typically required a higher concentration due to its severe flowing condition. The positive results support the combined use of carbon steel and corrosion inhibition as a viable and cost-effective option for the development of a pipeline system for the transportation of wet corrosive multiphase hydrocarbon fluids at high velocity.
Adding feedback to improve segmentation and recognition of handwritten numerals (1999)

Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.
Effects of increased collagen-matrix density on the mechanical properties and <i>in vivo</i> absorbability of hydroxyapatite–collagen composites as artificial bone materials (2011)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increased collagen-matrix density on the mechanical properties and in vivo absorbability of porous hydroxyapatite (HAp)-collagen composites as artificial bone materials. Seven types of porous HAp-collagen composites were prepared from HAp nanocrystals and dense collagen fibrils. Their densities and HAp/collagen weight ratios ranged from 122 to 331 mg cm⁻³ and from 20/80 to 80/20, respectively. The flexural modulus and strength increased with an increase in density, reaching 2.46 ± 0.48 and 0.651 ± 0.103 MPa, respectively. The porous composites with a higher collagen-matrix density exhibited much higher mechanical properties at the same densities, suggesting that increasing the collagen-matrix density is an effective way of improving the mechanical properties. It was also suggested that other structural factors in addition to collagen-matrix density are required to achieve bone-like mechanical properties. The in vivo absorbability of the composites was investigated in bone defects of rabbit femurs, demonstrating that the absorption rate decreased with increases in the composite density. An exhaustive increase in density is probably limited by decreases in absorbability as artificial bones.
Novel Catalytic and Asymmetric Process for Aziridination Mediated by Sulfur Ylides (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNovel Catalytic and Asymmetric Process for Aziridination Mediated by Sulfur YlidesVarinder K. Aggarwal, Alison Thompson, Ray V. H. Jones, and Mike C. H. StandenView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., and Zeneca Manufacturing Partnership, Process Technology Department, Earls Road, Grangemouth, Stirlingshire FK3 8XG, U.K. Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 24, 8368–8369Publication Date (Web):November 29, 1996Publication History Received12 September 1996Revised25 October 1996Published online29 November 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo961754shttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo961754srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1484Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aziridines,Chemical reactions,Metals,Sulfides,Sulfur Get e-Alerts
9‐Aminononanamide and nylon‐9 from azelaaldehydic derivatives of soybean oil (1970)

Abstract 9‐Aminononamide, a potential intermediate for nylon‐9, was prepared from soybean oil via alkyl soyate, aldehyde oil or soybean amides. All three routes involved various sequences for reductive ozonolysis, reductive amination and ammonolysis. The preferred route is through the alkyl soyates, although the other two have fewer steps. The amino amide is a water‐soluble, strongly basic solid that rapidly absorbs atmospheric carbon dioxide and is readily hydrolyzed to 9‐aminononanoic acid. Although the amino amide is selfpolymerizable in limited degree, the preferred monomer for nylon‐9 is the amino acid. Other new compounds prepared and characterized include azelaaldehydamide, bis(8‐carbamoyloctyl)amine; N‐(8‐carbamoyloctyl)‐8‐methoxycarbonyloctylamine; 9‐hydroxynonanamide; and dimers of the amino amide and the amino ester.
Lactic Acid Condensation Polymers (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLactic Acid Condensation PolymersE. M. Filachione and C. H. FisherCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1944, 36, 3, 223–228Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50411a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50411a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1031Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Charging effects in low-voltage SEM metrology (1991)

A common cause of nonlinearity in lithographic metrology with SEMs is charge accumulation on photoresist structures surrounding the features to be measured. This phenomenon has been observed to produce strikingly different results on three low-voltage (1 kV) SEMs evaluated under different operating conditions. Features examined were isolated lines, lines in gratings, isolated spaces, and contact holes which ranged from 0.5-1.3 micrometers in 0.1 micrometers increments. Critical dimension measurements at the base of photoresist structures were obtained from image linescans using algorithms indigenous to the systems. The linescans exhibited various degrees of intensity blooming, scan asymmetry, and image inversion as a function of operating conditions.