gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic localization of landmark sets in head CT images with regression forests for image registration initialization (2016)

Cochlear Implants (CIs) are electrode arrays that are surgically inserted into the cochlea. Individual contacts stimulate frequency-mapped nerve endings thus replacing the natural electro-mechanical transduction mechanism. CIs are programmed post-operatively by audiologists but this is currently done using behavioral tests without imaging information that permits relating electrode position to inner ear anatomy. We have recently developed a series of image processing steps that permit the segmentation of the inner ear anatomy and the localization of individual contacts. We have proposed a new programming strategy that uses this information and we have shown in a study with 68 participants that 78% of long term recipients preferred the programming parameters determined with this new strategy. A limiting factor to the large scale evaluation and deployment of our technique is the amount of user interaction still required in some of the steps used in our sequence of image processing algorithms. One such step is the rough registration of an atlas to target volumes prior to the use of automated intensity-based algorithms when the target volumes have very different fields of view and orientations. In this paper we propose a solution to this problem. It relies on a random forest-based approach to automatically localize a series of landmarks. Our results obtained from 83 images with 132 registration tasks show that automatic initialization of an intensity-based algorithm proves to be a reliable technique to replace the manual step.
Potentiation of the primary humoral immune response <i>in vitro</i> by C5a anaphylatoxin. (1982)

The effect of the anaphylatoxin C5a on the primary humoral immune response to SRBC was studied in culture of spleen cells from C3H mice. The addition of human C5a to antigen-stimulated cultures resulted in a significant, dose-dependent augmentation of the primary PFC response to antigen. The specificity of this effect was affirmed by the ability of C5ades Arg, but not of the structurally analogous C3a anaphylatoxin, to act in a parallel fashion. Enhancement could be observed over a range of doses of antigen. Brief preincubation of macrophages, but not of lymphoid cells, with C5a was sufficient to cause subsequent enhancement of the primary humoral immune responses. The duration of preincubation required for this effect closely paralleled that for binding of C5a to peritoneal cells. Immunopotentiation by C5a appears to involve the function of C5a receptor-bearing, Ia- accessory cells as well as Ia+ antigen-presenting cells. Immunopotentiation could be observed when the addition of C5a was delayed for up to 24 hr after initiation of culture. Additionally, augmentation of tritiated thymidine uptake in mixed lymphocyte reactions was enhanced by the addition of C5a in a fashion parallel to that for the primary response to SRBC. These observations support a role for C5a as a modulator of cellular immunity in addition to its role in acute inflammation. Possible cellular mechanisms and implications for immunomodulation of immune responses are discussed.
Influence of reactive radicals in cellulose fibres on the formation of zeolite coatings (1994)

The effect of the chemical composition and structure of vegetal fibres on the formation of zeolite coatings is investigated; it is shown that hydroxyl groups in collulose fibres intensity the zeolite nucleation.
Short-term thymidine uptake in normal and neoplastic tissues: studies for PET. (1984)

Uptake of H-3 thymidine was studied in mice, both normal and with spontaneous lymphoma, and in the organs and tumors of dogs with spontaneous tumors. Uptake was compared with relative blood flow as measured by the distribution of C-14 iodoantipyrine. Initial distribution of thymidine in normal mice measured 20 sec after injection, correlated with the relative perfusion measurements; however, all measurements of thymidine uptake made between 1 and 60 min after injection showed no correlation with perfusion. This indicates that the distribution more than 1 min after injection is primarily dependent on subsequent redistribution and/or metabolism of thymidine. A time-course study demonstrated that normal mouse organs with high rates of proliferation retained all the labeled thymidine initially taken up. Organs with low rates of proliferation lost their label in a nearly exponential washout. These studies provide further evidence of the feasibility of using C-11 thymidine for positron emission tomography (PET).
Increased frequency and clinical significance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in human colorectal carcinoma. (2012)

Characterization of MDSCs in CRC suggests the clinical significance of circulating and tumor-infiltrating MDSCs and may provide new insights into the CRC immunotherapy targeting MDSCs.
Palladium-catalyzed carboalkoxylation of aryl, benzyl, and vinylic halides (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed carboalkoxylation of aryl, benzyl, and vinylic halidesA. Schoenberg, I. Bartoletti, and R. F. HeckCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 23, 3318–3326Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00937a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4509Altmetric-Citations614LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (913 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Docking Validation Resources: Protein Family and Ligand Flexibility Experiments (2010)

A database consisting of 780 ligand-receptor complexes, termed SB2010, has been derived from the Protein Databank to evaluate the accuracy of docking protocols for regenerating bound ligand conformations. The goal is to provide easily accessible community resources for development of improved procedures to aid virtual screening for ligands with a wide range of flexibilities. Three core experiments using the program DOCK, which employ rigid (RGD), fixed anchor (FAD), and flexible (FLX) protocols, were used to gauge performance by several different metrics: (1) global results, (2) ligand flexibility, (3) protein family, and (4) cross-docking. Global spectrum plots of successes and failures vs rmsd reveal well-defined inflection regions, which suggest the commonly used 2 Å criteria is a reasonable choice for defining success. Across all 780 systems, success tracks with the relative difficulty of the calculations: RGD (82.3%) > FAD (78.1%) > FLX (63.8%). In general, failures due to scoring strongly outweigh those due to sampling. Subsets of SB2010 grouped by ligand flexibility (7-or-less, 8-to-15, and 15-plus rotatable bonds) reveal that success degrades linearly for FAD and FLX protocols, in contrast to RGD, which remains constant. Despite the challenges associated with FLX anchor orientation and on-the-fly flexible growth, success rates for the 7-or-less (74.5%) and, in particular, the 8-to-15 (55.2%) subset are encouraging. Poorer results for the very flexible 15-plus set (39.3%) indicate substantial room for improvement. Family-based success appears largely independent of ligand flexibility, suggesting a strong dependence on the binding site environment. For example, zinc-containing proteins are generally problematic, despite moderately flexible ligands. Finally, representative cross-docking examples, for carbonic anhydrase, thermolysin, and neuraminidase families, show the utility of family-based analysis for rapid identification of particularly good or bad docking trends, and the type of failures involved (scoring/sampling), which will likely be of interest to researchers making specific receptor choices for virtual screening. SB2010 is available for download at http://rizzolab.org .
CLINICAL AND HEMOSTATIC RESPONSES TO TREATMENT IN VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA: ROLE OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS. (2006)

Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY (El Solh, Pineda) Intensive Care Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (Choi, Schultz)
Organic Solar Cell (2020)

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are promising next-generation photovoltaic devices and have attracted much attention because they are thin, light, flexible, of low price, of rich source, and can be easily produced with the modern chemical industry. This chapter first introduces the brief history of OSCs, lists the types of different OSCs, discusses the characteristics of OSCs, explains the mechanism of OSCs, and provides the key parameters of OSCs. Finally, we will give examples, including fullerene- and non-fullerene-based OSCs, and talk about the newest signs of progress until the end of 2019.
Schulentwicklung in der BRD und der DDR in soziologischer Perspektive (1995)

"Die Schulentwicklung beider deutscher Staaten beginnt bei sozialen Verhältnissen, in denen ständische Ordnungsvorstellungen noch eine beachtliche Wirkung hatten. An ihrer Stelle setzten sich in den Schulen der BRD vor allem die formalen Normen eines formalen Individualismus durch, in den Schulen der DDR dagegen materiale Normen bürokratischen Charakters. Defizient blieb im Westen die Durchsetzung der Gleichheitsnorm; dadurch wird das liberalere Schüler-Lehrer-Verhältnis erheblich beeinträchtigt. Im Osten blieben Lehrern und Schülern die bürgerlichen Freiheitsrechte vorenthalten. Dadurch veränderte die Gleichheitsnorm ihre Bedeutung. Sie fungierte nicht als Voraussetzung individueller Autonomie, sondern rückte an die Stelle ständischer Ungleichheit eine bürokratisch-ständische Gleichheit mit erheblichen Zwängen zu Uniformität. Das Verhältnis zwischen Lehrern und Schülern ist in beiden Bilddungssystemen wegen dieser Defizienzen vor allem antagonistisch und lehrerzentriert. Westdeutsche Schüler gewinnen Autonomie in offenen Auseinandersetzungen mit der Schule, die ostdeutschen eher in verdeckten. Die unpersönliche Sachlichkeit des Schulalltags bot dafür spezifische Möglichkeiten." (Autorenreferat)
Conducting Polymer Nanowire Arrays for High Performance Supercapacitors (2013)

This Review provides a brief summary of the most recent research developments in the fabrication and application of one-dimensional ordered conducting polymers nanostructure (especially nanowire arrays) and their composites as electrodes for supercapacitors. By controlling the nucleation and growth process of polymerization, aligned conducting polymer nanowire arrays and their composites with nano-carbon materials can be prepared by employing in situ chemical polymerization or electrochemical polymerization without a template. This kind of nanostructure (such as polypyrrole and polyaniline nanowire arrays) possesses high capacitance, superior rate capability ascribed to large electrochemical surface, and an optimal ion diffusion path in the ordered nanowire structure, which is proved to be an ideal electrode material for high performance supercapacitors. Furthermore, flexible, micro-scale, threadlike, and multifunctional supercapacitors are introduced based on conducting polyaniline nanowire arrays and their composites. These prototypes of supercapacitors utilize the high flexibility, good processability, and large capacitance of conducting polymers, which efficiently extend the usage of supercapacitors in various situations, and even for a complicated integration system of different electronic devices.
Schwartz-Jampel syndrome and perlecan deficiency. (2005)

Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the association of myotonia with chondrodysplasia. A positional cloning strategy allowed the localization and the identification of perlecan as the disease causing gene. Another human recessive disorder, the Dyssegmental Dysplasia, Silverman-Handmaker type (DDSH), is caused by functional null mutations of the perlecan gene. A gene-dosage effect seems to account for the correlation between the phenotype and the mutations within the gene: SJS would be associated with hypomorph mutations of the perlecan gene and DDSH would be due to the absence of functional perlecan. Perlecan is the major heparan sulfate proteoglycan of extracellular matrix and basement membranes that displays various functions. Based on these functions, several hypotheses are evoked to explain chondrodysplasia and the unusual myotonia in SJS. Mouse models are invaluable tools to explore these hypotheses. Since knock-out mice develop a phenotype similar to DDSH, we have developed a SJS mouse model by reproducing the hypomorph effect of SJS perlecan mutation in this species. The characterization of this mouse model will help to understand the pathophysiological mechanism leading to this multisystemic human disorder.
Natural and recombinant human interleukin 1-<i>beta</i> is cytotoxic for human melanoma cells. (1986)

Human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with LPS were found to release an activity that was cytotoxic for the A375 melanoma. Biochemical and immunological characterization of the activity indicated that IL 1-beta was the cytotoxic agent. Human recombinant IL 1-beta, purified to homogeneity, was directly cytotoxic for A375. Tumor necrosis factor, also released by activated monocytes, was not cytotoxic for the A375 melanoma.
Static Analysis for Java Servlets and JSP (2006)

We present an approach for statically reasoning about the behavior of Web applications that are developed using Java Servlets and JSP. Specifically, we attack the problems of guaranteeing that all output is well-formed and valid XML and ensuring consistency of XHTML form fields and session state. Our approach builds on a collection of program analysis techniques developed earlier in the JWIG and X<small>ACT</small> projects, combined with work on balanced context-free grammars. Together, this provides the necessary foundation concerning reasoning about output streams and application control flow.
Neutrophil and Monocyte CD64 and CD163 Expression in Critically Ill Neonates and Children with Sepsis: Comparison of Fluorescence Intensities and Calculated Indexes (2008)

CD64 MFI, CD163 MFI, CD64 indexes for neutrophils and monocytes, and CD163 index for neutrophils can all be used for discrimination of SIRS and sepsis in critically ill neonates and children. CD64 index for neutrophils, however, is superior to all other markers.
Guest Opinion: The Wines of New England (1984)

We study the spreading of a liquid 2D dipolar droplet in a Langmuir monolayer. Interfacial tensions (line tensions) and microscopic contact angles depend on the scale on which they are probed and obey a scaling law. Assuming rapid equilibration of the microscopic contact angle and ideal slippage of the 2D solid/liquid and solid/gas boundary, the driving force of spreading is merely expressed by the shape-dependent long-range interaction integrals. We obtain good agreement between experiment and numerical simulations using this theory.
Diheteroarylmethanes. 6.<sup>1</sup>Probing the Electron-Withdrawing Rank of Heteroaryl Groups by Conformational Studies of Push-Pull Ethylenes. Isolation of NH-Enamine Tautomers of α,α-Diheteroarylacetaldehydes (Heteroaryl = 2-Benzoxazolyl, 2-Benzothiazolyl) (1996)

Enamines and enol ethers substituted in the beta position by the 2-benzoxazolyl and 2-benzothiazolyl group have been obtained by condensing dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal and ethyl orthoformate, respectively, with bis(2-benzoxazolyl)methane and bis(2-benzothiazolyl)methane. A dynamic NMR and semiempirical (PM3) investigation on rotational energy barriers has been carried out in order to rank the electron-withdrawing capacity of the heterocyclic rings. The NMR-based evaluation of the energy barriers corresponding to the rotation along the enaminic double bond has shown that the pi-electron-withdrawing power of benzothiazole is larger than that of benzoxazole, in full accord with previously obtained charge demand values based on (13)C and (15)N pi-charge/shift relationships. The NMR and the computational approaches have led to consistent results. The X-ray crystal structure of alpha,alpha-bis(2-benzothiazolyl)-beta-(dimethylamino)ethene shows that only one heteroaryl ring is coplanar with the enaminic double bond, while the second one is twisted by 73 degrees relative to such a plane. Moreover, in this case calculations closely reproduce the experimental results. In the calculated transition states corresponding to the rotational process along the enamine double bond, the two heteroaryl groups become coplanar and conjugation develops between the enaminic nitrogen electron pool and both heterocycles. The lower rotational barrier observed in the case of the 2-benzothiazolyl derivatives, with respect to the 2-benzoxazolyl derivatives, is therefore a direct consequence of the higher electron-withdrawing power of the former group. Furthermore, a stabilizing intramolecular nonbonded S.S interaction in the rotational transition state of the benzothiazolyl derivatives is evidenced by the calculations. An unprecedented isolation of the NH-enamine tautomer involving the benzoxazolyl and benzothiazolyl ring in alpha,alpha-diheteroacetaldehydes has been performed, confirming these heterocycles as strong electron-withdrawing substituents.
Dioxiranes Are the Active Agents in Ketone-Catalyzed Epoxidations with Oxone (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDioxiranes Are the Active Agents in Ketone-Catalyzed Epoxidations with OxoneScott E. Denmark and Zhicai WuView Author Information Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 26, 8964–8965Publication Date (Web):December 26, 1997Publication History Received13 August 1997Published online26 December 1997Published inissue 1 December 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo971500mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo971500mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views679Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Ethers,Hydrocarbons,Ketones,Labeling,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
Phenylalkylamines with potential psychotherapeutic utility. 1. 2-Amino-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)butane (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhenylalkylamines with potential psychotherapeutic utility. 1. 2-Amino-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)butaneRobert T. Standridge, Henry G. Howell, Jonas A. Gylys, Richard A. Partyka, and Alexander T. ShulginCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1976, 19, 12, 1400–1404Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00234a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00234a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views559Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel Class of π-Electron Dendrimers for Thermally and Morphologically Stable Amorphous Molecular Materials (1998)

Functional materials for organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs), in addition to exhibiting the qualities listed in the previous article, should also be thermally and morphologically stable and not crystallize even above the glass transition temperature. The synthesis and properties of hyperbranched π-electron systems (such as that in the Figure) fulfilling these condition are presented, together with their unique multiredox properties.
Single crystalline ZnO films grown on lattice-matched ScAlMgO4(0001) substrates (1999)

Lattice-matched (Δa/a=0.09%) ScAlMgO4(0001) substrates were employed to grow single crystalline quality ZnO films by laser molecular-beam epitaxy. Extremely smooth surface represented by atomically flat terraces and half unit cell (0.26 nm) high steps and extremely small orientation fluctuations both in-plane (&lt;0.02°) and out-of-plane (&lt;0.01°) are achieved. The films have high mobility (∼100 cm2/V s) together with low residual carrier concentration (∼1015 cm−3). Excellent optical properties, including a clear doublet of A and B exciton peaks in absorption spectra, were also observed. These features could not be simultaneously achieved for ZnO films grown on sapphire(0001) having a large lattice mismatch (Δa/a=18%).