gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast BIST of I/O Pin AC specifications and inter-chip delays (2014)

The need for contactless testing of the input/output (I/O) delays in ICs is increasing. Contactless testing facilitates multi-site testing at wafer-sort and final test, known good die (KGD) for 2.5D/3D assemblies, and the use of lower cost ATE. We report results for a 28 nm technology, custom testchip with 2.5 Gb/s I/Os intended for 2.5D assemblies that was specifically designed for characterizing inter-chip delays. The IC has I/O built-in self-test (BIST) with 5~500 picosecond programmable resolution that measures delays via standard boundary scan without changes to the bidirectional I/O circuitry or the boundary scan cells. Based on lessons from the testchip, a modified version of the I/O circuitry was developed that permits measurement of classic ac specifications for I/Os, including data skew, setup/hold time, and data window for signals within the IC or from another IC. The modified I/O circuitry generally reduces I/O delay measurement time by one to two orders of magnitude relative to previously reported results.
Toll‐like receptor 4: the missing link of the cerebral innate immune response triggered by circulating gram‐negative bacterial cell wall components (2001)

The recent characterization of human homologues of Toll may be the missing link for the transduction events leading to NF-kappaB activity and proinflammatory gene transcription during innate immune response. Indeed, CD14 is not thought to participate directly in the cell signaling, but rather one or more of the mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) acts in concert with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor to discriminate between microbial pathogens or their products and initiate transmembrane signaling. Mammalian cells may express as many as 10 distinct TLRs, although the importance of TLR4 in response to gram-negative bacteria and LPS is now supported by the fact that TLR4-mutated mice are LPS resistant. We investigated the expression of TLR4 across the rat brain under basal conditions and in response to systemic LPS and IL-1beta injection. We first cloned the rat TLR4 cDNA via RNA isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with a proofreading polymerase. Total RNA was isolated from the rat liver tissue using Tri-Reagent and reverse transcribed into cDNA using Superscript II reverse transcriptase and an oligonucleotide primer with a degenerate 3' end of sequence 5'-T12(GAC)N-3'. Positive hybridization signal was found in the leptomeninges, choroid plexus (chp), subfornical organ, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, median eminence, and area postrema. Scattered small cells also displayed a convincing hybridization signal within the brain parenchyma. Few well-defined nuclei exhibited positive TLR4 transcript: the supramamillary nucleus, cochlear nucleus, and the lateral reticular nucleus. The circumventricular organs, the leptomeninges, and chp also exhibited constitutive expression of the LPS receptor mCD14. In contrast to the strong up-regulation of the gene encoding mCD14 during endotoxemia, neither LPS nor IL-1beta caused a convincing increase in the TLR4 mRNA levels across the CNS. A down-regulation of the gene encoding TLR4 was found in the cerebral tissue of immune-challenged animals. The constitutive expression of both mCD14 and TLR4 may explain the innate immune response in the brain, which originates from the structures devoid of blood-brain barrier in presence of circulating LPS.
Multiple-View 3-D Reconstruction using a Mirror (2005)

We propose a 3-D object reconstruction method using a stationary camera and a planar mirror. No calibration is required. The mirror provides the extra views needed for a multiple-view reconstruction. We examine the imaging geometry of the camera-mirror setup and prove a theorem that gives us the point correspondences to compute the orientation of the mirror. The correspondences are derived from the convex hull of the silhouettes of the images of the object and its mirror reflection. The distance between the mirror and the camera can be then obtained by a single object point and a pair of points on the mirror surface. After the pose of the mirror is determined, we have multiple calibrated views of the object. We show two reconstruction methods that utilize the special imaging geometry. The system setup is simple. The algorithm is fast and easy to implement.
Effect of experimental diabetes on rat cardiac cAMP, phosphorylase, and inotropy (1983)

The isolated perfused working rat heart was used to study experimental diabetes-induced alterations in the effect of isoproterenol on adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) content, inotropy, and phosphorylase activity. Experimental diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of either alloxan (40 mg/kg) or streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). There were no changes in either basal cAMP levels or in isoproterenol-induced cAMP levels in hearts from diabetic rats at either 3 days or 100-120 days after induction of diabetes. Maximum changes produced by isoproterenol in positive and negative dP/dt developments of diabetic rat hearts were also not different from control at either time point. However, phosphorylase was activated to a significantly greater extent by isoproterenol in hearts obtained from acute as well as chronic diabetic rats. Chronic diabetic rat hearts exhibited significantly higher total phosphorylase activity. Diabetic rat hearts had slightly but not significantly higher basal phosphorylase a activity. Furthermore, prostaglandin E1 activated phosphorylase in diabetic rat hearts but not in control rat hearts. Acute metabolic derangements and alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis caused by diabetes could be the underlying causes for this phosphorylase response. Thyroid hormone levels were depressed in diabetic rats. However, hypothyroidism is probably not responsible for the alterations in phosphorylase activity.
Odd S. Lovoll, Editor, Cultural Pluralism versus Assimilation: The Views of Valdemar Ager, Northfield, Minnesota: The Norwegian-American Historical Association, 1977, 136 pages (1977)

Odd S. Lovoll, Editor, Cultural Pluralism versus Assimilation: The Views of Valdemar Ager, Northfield, Minnesota: The Norwegian-American Historical Association, 1977, 136 pages Get access Odd S. Lovoll, Editor. Cultural Pluralism versus Assimilation: The Views of Waldemar Ager. Northfield, Minnesota: The Norwegian American Historical Association, 1977, 136 pages Gerald Thorson Gerald Thorson St. Olaf's College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MELUS, Volume 4, Issue 2, September 1977, Page 15, https://doi.org/10.1093/melus/4.2.15 Published: 01 September 1977
p75 Is Important for Axon Growth and Schwann Cell Migration during Development (2000)

Mice lacking the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 have multiple peripheral neural deficits. Here we examined the developmental nature of these deficiencies. Peripheral axons in p75 -/- embryos were severely stunted and poorly arborized from embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) to E14.5. In vitro, neurite outgrowth from the dorsal root ganglia was significantly decreased in the p75 -/- embryos at E12.5, suggesting that stunted axonal growth in the embryo may result in part from defects in neurite elongation. Additionally, Schwann cell marker S100beta immunoreactivity was decreased or absent along the growing axons of the ophthalmic branch from the trigeminal ganglia in p75 -/- embryos. Electron microscopy studies of the axons of the trigeminal ganglion at E13.5 revealed that in the p75 mutant embryo, nerve bundles were highly impaired and that coverage of the growing axons by Schwann cell cytoplasm was substantially reduced. In vitro, Schwann cell migration from the dorsal root ganglia was significantly decreased in the p75 -/- embryos at E12.5, suggesting that the lack of S100beta staining and Schwann cell coverage in the p75 mutant results from a deficit in Schwann cell migration. These results provide evidence that p75 is important in the developing embryo for regulating axon growth and arborization and for Schwann cell migration.
J.希利斯·米勒致张江的第二封信 (2015)

亲爱的张江教授：您对我上一封信的回复,以及您对我作品的兴趣,使我感到非常荣幸。我会尽我所能地回应您在第二封信中提出的问题。您所提出的问题非常重要,至少对我来说如此。这些问题可能需要我用很长的篇幅回应。您根据我书中所陈述的内容得出结论认为,我为所有文学作品寻求一种普遍规律,所作的解读是中肯且有说服力的。不过,我认为自己的目标要比您所认为的稍微复杂一些。
Genes of the <i>sbo-alb</i> Locus of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Are Required for Production of the Antilisterial Bacteriocin Subtilosin (1999)

Bacillus subtilis JH642 and a wild strain of B. subtilis called 22a both produce an antilisterial peptide that can be purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Amino acid analysis confirmed that the substance was the cyclic bacteriocin subtilosin. A mutant defective in production of the substance was isolated from a plasmid gene disruption library. The plasmid insertion conferring the antilisterial-peptide-negative phenotype was located in a seven-gene operon (alb, for antilisterial bacteriocin) residing immediately downstream from the sbo gene, which encodes the precursor of subtilosin. An insertion mutation in the sbo gene also conferred loss of antilisterial activity. Comparison of the presubtilosin and mature subtilosin sequences suggested that certain residues undergo unusual posttranslational modifications unlike those occurring during the synthesis of class I (lantibiotic) or some class II bacteriocins. The putative products of the genes of the operon identified show similarities to peptidases and transport proteins that may function in processing and export. Two alb gene products resemble proteins that function in pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis. The use of lacZ-alb and lacZ-sbo gene fusions, along with primer extension analysis, revealed that the sbo-alb genes are transcribed from a major promoter, residing upstream of sbo, that is very likely utilized by the sigma(A) form of RNA polymerase. The sbo and alb genes are negatively regulated by the global transition state regulator AbrB and are also under positive autoregulation that is not mediated by the subtilosin peptide but instead requires one or more of the alb gene products.
Strict Blood-Pressure Control and Progression of Renal Failure in Children (2009)

Intensified blood-pressure control, with target 24-hour blood-pressure levels in the low range of normal, confers a substantial benefit with respect to renal function among children with chronic kidney disease. Reappearance of proteinuria after initial successful pharmacologic blood-pressure control is common among children who are receiving long-term ACE inhibition. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00221845.)
Estrogen and Mechanisms of Vascular Protection (2009)

Estrogen has antiinflammatory and vasoprotective effects when administered to young women or experimental animals that appear to be converted to proinflammatory and vasotoxic effects in older subjects, particularly those that have been hormone free for long periods. Clinical studies have raised many important questions about the vascular effects of estrogen that cannot easily be answered in human subjects. Here we review cellular/molecular mechanisms by which estrogen modulates injury-induced inflammation, growth factor expression, and oxidative stress in arteries and isolated vascular smooth muscle cells, with emphasis on the role of estrogen receptors and the nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) signaling pathway, as well as evidence that these protective mechanisms are lost in aging subjects.
Cell cycle regulation of thymidylate synthetase gene expression in cultured mouse fibroblasts. (1980)

This study describes the regulation of thymidylate synthetase activity in mouse 3T6 fibroblasts during serum-induced transitions between the resting (G0) and growing state. The specific activity of thymidylate synthetase was about 17 times lower in resting 3T6 cells than in exponentially growing cells. When resting cells were serum-stimulated to re-enter the cell cycle, thymidylate synthetase activity remained at the level found in resting cells until 12 h following stimulation (G0-G1 phase), then increased sharply as the cells entered S phase. Enzyme activity increased about 20-fold over that of resting cells by 30 h following stimulation and continued to increase linearly for at least another 30 h. Studies with inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis indicated that the increase in enzyme activity was due to de novo synthesis of the enzyme, and that the increase was controlled at the level of transcription. When cells were stimulated in the presence of inhibitors of DNA synthesis, thymidylate synthetase activity increased in the same manner as in control-stimulated cells. This indicated that the induction of gene expression was not directly coupled to DNA replication. When the serum stimulus was withdrawn during S phase (20 h following stimulation) the cells completed the cell cycle and divided, but then reverted back to the resting state. Thymidylate synthetase activity stopped increasing at about the same time the cells stopped synthesizing DNA, and decreased thereafter with a half-life of 20 to 25 h.
Cloning and Sequencing of Cynomolgus Macaque CCR3, GPR15, and STRL33: Potential Coreceptors for HIV Type 1, HIV Type 2, and SIV (2001)

The characterization of several seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, which function as coreceptors for HIV-1, HIV-2, and/or SIV, has opened up a whole new area of AIDS research. Animal models that have played a central role in the understanding of lentivirus pathogenesis and the design of novel vaccine strategies may also be invaluable in studying the role of these secondary receptors in infection and disease progression. However, since it is known that minor species-specific sequence changes in CCR3 and STRL33 affect their ability to act as coreceptors for HIV-1, HIV-2, and/or SIV, it is important to ascertain whether the relevant receptors function as expected in the animal model of choice. Many studies have been performed on the function of rhesus macaque receptors, but not on the cynomolgus macaque equivalents. Both species are used as animal models for lentivirus pathogenesis, but since there are differences in their susceptibility to viral infection, we felt it was important for information to be available for both rhesus and cynomolgus macaque receptors. The sequence of three cynomolgus macaque receptors, CCR3, GPR15, and STRL33, are presented in this sequence note. These sequences are compared with already published human and rhesus macaque homologs. Functional studies are currently being performed on these three cynomolgus macaque receptors to determine their ability to function as coreceptors for HIV-2, SIV, and/or SHIV isolates.
A low-cost video frame-rate up conversion using compressed-domain information (2005)

A new low-cost video frame-rate up conversion (FRC) technique that exploits compressed-domain information is proposed in this paper. Recent worldwide growth of digital video applications such as home AV network or mobile multimedia have been demanding higher video compression ratio in order to meet system requirements related to limited bandwidth or storage capacity. Enhancement of temporal resolution using FRC at decoder side is attractive in a sense that the R-D performance can be maintained even at low bitrate condition by dropping frames during encoding and recovering them at decoder side by FRC. The proposed FRC method aims to provide accurate estimates of block-based motion vectors for recovered frames based on compressed-domain information. The goal of our study is to realize a decoder design with robust FRC over a variety of implementation platforms from mobile to consumer set-top.
Switching losses and and operational frequency limitations of GTO thyristors in PWM inverters (2003)

The losses of GTO thyristors in pulse width-modulated (PWM) inverters are investigated on the basis of the theoretical switching waveforms. Snubber losses, derived from the dynamic device parameters, prove to increase overproportionately with the inverter power, and a novel low-loss snubber is presented. Other limitations on the operational frequency are demonstrated. Theoretically obtained switching losses of GTO thyristors with and without snubbers show good agreement with experimental test data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of some substituted quinoxalines and polycyclic systems containing the quinoxaline nucleus (1996)

The synthesis is described of quinoxalines 11, 14, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23 and 25 of interest as intermediates. The preparation of 21 from 3 by the action of thiourea and the formation of the hexaazapentacycle 23 from sulfide 20 and butylamine are discussed. The methylation of the dione 10 is reinvestigated and the product found to be a mixture of 29 and 30. The preparation of dimethoxyquinoxaline podands, e.g., 32, 33, 34, 40 and 41, tricyclic crown ether 31 and pentacyclic crown ethers, e.g. 38, is described and the effects of metal ions on spectroscopic properties of 40 and 41 are reported.
RECURSOS Y APOYOS DIDÁCTICOS DE LOS CURSOS SEMIPRESENCIALES DE COMPRENSIÓN DE LECTURA DE INGLÉS EN LA UAM-X (2016)

espanolDesde la implementacion de los cursos semi-presenciales de Comprension de Lectura en Ingles en el taller de lenguas extranjeras de la Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, se han creado una serie de recursos didacticos que ayudan a fomentar el aprendizaje autonomo, estos han evolucionado a lo largo del tiempo. Actualmente los cursos cuentan con diversos apoyos como son, guias de aprendizaje, fichas web y la plataforma digital ENVIA, la cual alberga todo el material que se utiliza en ellos, ademas de administrarlos dandole al alumno y al profesor/facilitador la oportunidad de: comunicarse, subir y revisar tareas, retroalimentar y tener acceso a calificaciones. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comunicar la informacion que se ha obtenido sobre los efectos, tanto positivos como negativos de los recursos y apoyos didacticos de los cursos semipresenciales de lectura y su impacto en el desarrollo del aprendizaje autonomo de los estudiantes que han optado por los cursos semipresenciales. La informacion ha sido obtenida de los cuestionarios que se aplican al final de cada trimestre en donde los estudiantes tienen la oportunidad de expresar lo que les gusta o no con respecto a los siguientes temas: efectividad del curso, asesor/a, material, asesorias, actividades y conclusiones. EnglishThis article aims to show how a group of researchers of the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco has created a series of educational resources that helps foster independent learning in the Semi-distance courses of Reading Comprehension in English. Along the time the material used in the Semi-distance courses has evolved and improved; currently it contains a variety of different elements such as: learning guides and web quests, among others, all of them included into the digital platform, ENVIA, this platform allows the teachers to manage the academic content, giving the student and the teacher / facilitator the opportunity to: communicate, upload and review tasks, give feedback and access to the grades. In addition, this paperwork will deliver information related to the positive and negative effects of the resources and materials used in the Semi-distance courses and its impact on the development of autonomous learning.
Evaluation of Biotechnology Products (1996)

Biotechnology products have had a substantial impact on the health care system, including cost and patient care. In some hospitals, agents produced by biotechnology account for 10% or more of the pharmacy budget. As of May 1996, 29 biological products had been approved for use in the United States, including, in many instances, agents for diseases or conditions for which no drugs were previously available. These compounds are different molecules, often with very different types of properties from synthetic chemicals. They are relatively expensive compared with traditionally manufactured synthetic drugs. The increasing availability, individual characteristics, and relative expense of these products mandate a systematic method of evaluating them for use in various health care systems. Thirteen essential points must be considered when evaluating them for clinical use: availability of alternative agents; indications (both labeled and unlabeled); glycosylation; adverse events; administration and pharmacokinetics; monitoring needs; shipping, handling, and storage; stability; pharmaco-economic studies; concomitant drug costs; special pharmacy procedures; reimbursement; and manufacturer's support.
Metabolic reduction of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide and other radical-producing drugs to oxygen-reactive intermediates. (1977)

Summary This study was undertaken to investigate some of the reaction products that result from the metabolism of 4-nitroquinoline N -oxide (4-NQO), various nitrofurans, and menadione in mammalian cells and to determine how different metabolic conditions affect these reactions. The nitrofurans, 4-NQO, and menadione, stimulate oxygen consumption of Ehrlich cells in suspension in both the absence and the presence of KCN. In all cases glucose was required for maximal stimulation of oxygen consumption. Our data suggest that the increased consumption of oxygen is due to the production of radical intermediates. Evidence for the radical intermediate of 4-NQO was obtained by measuring the reduction of intracellular ferricytochrome c + c 1 in the presence or absence of inhibition of early steps of the cytochrome chain. Blockage of the cytochrome oxidase by KCN, which also inhibits catalase and superoxide dismutase, resulted in the transfer of the radical anion electron to oxygen with the production of oxygen superoxide and peroxide. Peroxide production also occurred with menadione and nitrofurazone. The production of the oxygen superoxide radical and peroxide was also demonstrated with isolated microsomes in the presence of 4-NQO, nitrofurazone, and menadione. Neither cell suspensions nor isolated microsomes reduced the nitrofurans to stable intermediates in the presence of oxygen; however, the reduction of 4-NQO to the corresponding hydroxylamino derivative was demonstrated spectrophotometrically in aerobic suspensions of both Ehrlich and V79 cells. The reduction was found to be dependent on reducing substrates and was stimulated by KCN and by anoxia. In addition, the 4-NQO-mediated killing of aerobic V79 cells was found to be dependent on cell density and on temperature, indicating that metabolic activation of the drug is necessary for its cytotoxicity.
Antenna theory and practice (1988)

Electromagnetic Fields and Theory of Radiation. Thin Linear Antenna. Cylindrical Antenna. Biconical Antenna. Antenna Arrays. Loop Antenna. Helical Antenna. Slot and Micro-Strip Antennas. Horn Antennas. Reflector Antennas. Lens Antennas. Leaky-Wave And Surface-Wave Antennas - Dielectric And Dielectric-Loaded Metal Antennas. Wide-Band Antennas. Antenna Synthesis. Antenna Practice. Antenna Measurements. Electro-Magnetic Wsve Propagation.
The Processing Methods for the Partially Encrypted Data in Multi-hop Web Services (2007)

Message layer security is necessary to ensure the end-to-end security of web services. To provide the confidentiality against the intermediaries along the message path, XML Encryption is used to partially encrypt the message. Because the data structure is changed by the partial encryption, the encrypted message is no longer valid with respect to the original schema definition. So, the problems occur regarding the processing of the schema validation and the data binding by the intermediary. In this paper, we discuss the two possible methods to solve these problems. The first method is to transform the original schema definition. The second is to transform the received message. We examined these methods by applying them to demonstration experiment of web services.