gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erectile Dysfunction and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease (2005)

Erectile dysfunction is a harbinger of cardiovascular clinical events in some men. Erectile dysfunction should prompt investigation and intervention for cardiovascular risk factors.
Synthesis of 3-[tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propyl methacrylate macromers using catalytic chain transfer polymerization: a kinetic and mechanistic study (2000)

Macromers of 3-[tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propyl methacrylate (TRIS) were synthesised using catalytic chain transfer polymerization, and the kinetic parameters governing the reaction were evaluated. A study on the radical solution polymerization of TRIS in the presence of the catalytic chain transfer agent bis[(difluoroboryl)dimethylglyoximato]cobalt(II) (COBF) at 60°C was conducted. Using appropriate Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada constants for polyTRIS, the chain transfer constant (CS) for COBF was found to be ˜1 400 in toluene solution. This low CS value, as compared to the value reported for methyl methacrylate polymerization (˜3.5·104), is only partly explained by a diffusion-controlled chain transfer reaction in the methacrylate series of monomers. A study on the influence of conversion on the molecular weight distribution indicated significant broadening and bimodality, consistent with reversible catalyst poisoning and chain transfer to the macromers. High oxygen solubility in TRIS is hypothesised to play a role in the reversible catalyst poisoning making it difficult to obtain a controlled reaction under normal free-radical polymerization reaction conditions.
Using multiple replica classes to improve performance in distributed systems (2002)

Replication has been primarily used as a means of increasing availability in distributed systems. It is known that replication can mitigate the costs of accessing remotely stored data in distributed systems. Replication control protocols in the literature have stopped short of addressing availability and performance concerns. These issues are addressed by contributing a classification of replicas with each class having different consistency requirements. Metareplicas keep track of up-to-date replicas for recently accessed objects and changes in data reference localities. Thus they allow many transaction operations to synchronously execute at only a single (and often local) replica. Pseudoreplicas are non-permanent replicas that facilitate localized execution of transaction operations. True replicas are permanent replicas that increase the availability of operations and data. A replication control protocol is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Feature-bit-plane matchingtechnique for estimation ofmotion vectors (1998)

The authors describe a fast block matching algorithm based on a feature-bit-plane matching scheme in which two types of transformed planes characterising the spatial distribution of pixel intensities of a frame are employed. Simulation results show that this method provides a prediction accuracy similar to that of the full-search method, while requiring only ~10% of the computation needed by the latter.
Some Observations on the Fine Structure of the Tubuli Seminiferi Contorti of Hypophysectomized Rats (1967)

Using the light and electron microscope, the authors studied on the alteration of the seminiferous tubule of the rat testes 5, 10, 20, and 30 days after hypophysectomy.In all the experimental animals, no normal matured sperms were observed by light microscopy.The spermatogonia show no marked changes in fine structure even 30 days after the operation.The characteristic changes are seen in the spermiogenesis in the hypophysectomized animals.All the spermatids seem to degenerate at the stage of the acrosomal formation. The degenerative process is as follows; (1) elongation and dilatation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, (2) alteration, destruction and disappearance of the mitochondria and of the Golgi apparatus, (3) decrease in number of polyribosomes, (4) deposit of the heterogeneously dense substances in the cytoplasmic matrix, and (5) alteration of the nucleus.The degenerative spermatids are considered to be phagocytized in the Sertoli cell. The dense bodies containing myeline figures and heterogeneously dense materials, and lipid droplets are markedly increased in number and size in the Sertoli cells of all the experimental animals. The acid phosphatase reaction is strongly positive in the dense body, but not in the lipid droplet.In the spermatid of the early degenerative process, the reaction product of the acid phosphatase is also recognized in the Golgi zone.
Surface‐active properties of salts of alpha‐sulfonated acids and esters (1954)

Summary In a comparison of the solubility, detergency, and surface‐active properties of the mono‐ and disodium salts of a ‐sulfonated lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids, it has been shown that the less soluble a ‐sulfopalmitates and a ‐sulfostearates, and sodium a ‐sulfomyristic acid as well, are the best detergents. The easily soluble disodium a ‐sulfolaurate resembles a simple electrolyte with little evidence of surface‐active properties. Ammonium a ‐sulfopalmitic acid and triethanolammonium a ‐sulfopalmitic acid are more soluble surface‐active agents and detergents than the sodium salts. Triethanolammonium a ‐sulfopalmitic acid is exceedingly soluble in water at room temperature. The sodium salts of alkyl a ‐sulfopalmitates and a ‐sulfostearates are easily prepared from the isolated crude diacid. The esters of primary alcohols containing from one to six carbon atoms are readily soluble in water and quite stable to hydrolysis, especially in acid solution. Salts of a ‐sulfonated esters of secondary alcohols are stable both to acid and to alkaline hydrolysis. This behavior extends the range of possible application.
Stimulation of Different Subtypes of Angiotensin II Receptors, AT <sub>1</sub> and AT <sub>2</sub> Receptors, Regulates STAT Activation by Negative Crosstalk (1999)

Angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor exerts an inhibitory action on cell growth. In the present study, we report that the stimulation of AT2 receptor in AT2 receptor cDNA-transfected rat adult vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) inhibited angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) 1alpha/beta, STAT2, and STAT3 without influence on Janus kinase. AT2 receptor activation also inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1alpha/beta induced by interferon-gamma, epidermal growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. Similar effects of AT2 receptor were observed in R3T3 fibroblast and mouse fetal VSMCs, which express endogenous AT2 receptor. Moreover, AT2 receptor inhibited serine phosphorylation of STAT1alpha and STAT3 via the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Stimulation of AT2 receptor inhibited the binding of STATs with sis-inducing element in c-fos promoter, resulting in decreased c-fos expression. Taken together, our results suggest that AT2 receptor can crosstalk negatively with multiple families of growth receptors by inhibiting ERK and STAT activation.
CONTEXTUAL WORD AND SYLLABLE PRONUNCIATION MODELS (1999)

This work focuses on the evaluation of models of syllable and word pronunciations constructed automatically using the Broadcast News corpus of radio and television news reports. Previous work [4] introduced the concept of extended-length decision tree models; here I report on ASR-independent assessment of these models. This study also discusses integration of static and dynamic pronunciation evaluation using the ROVER algorithm for combining hypotheses, and details the improvements of dynamic pronunciation evaluation on the 1998 DARPA Broadcast News test set. The new pronunciation models improve system robustness for speech that is not pre-planned and recorded under studio conditions; these models appear to represent both linguistic variation (as in spontaneous speech) and variation due to channel effects in telephone-bandwidth speech. 1. INTRODUCTION Recent studies have shown that appropriate pronunciation models for speech recognition systems are critical for good performance in la...
Selective BECN schemes for congestion control of ABR traffic in ATM LAN (2002)

There is a growing interest in high speed data transfer by adopting the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technique on a local basis. To this end ATM based LANs must provide available bit rate (ABR) services in which a source does not specifies its traffic characteristics, but only its peak rate, and transmits without any bandwidth reservation. Congestion control is a critical issue for such a service. It can be achieved by regulating the actual source transmission rate using backward explicit congestion notification (BECN) information, i.e. control cells transmitted back to the source. Although this feedback mechanism can be used due to the low distance its effectiveness must be carefully studied in order to avoiding wasted bandwidth. Two selective BECN schemes are proposed and extensive simulation results are presented. It is shown that a selective scheme assures a remarkable reduction in the number of BECN cells necessary to obtain the same performance when compared to trivial schemes.
Maternal Fibrinogen is Necessary for Embryonic Development (2005)

Fibrinogen (Fg) is a precursor of fibrin, which is one of the main components of blood clots generated during the hemostatic response. Beyond its important role in hemostasis, Fg is involving in several physiologic and pathophysiologic states, such as infection, wound healing, the progression of certain types of tumors, and the severity of atherosclerosis. In addition, Fg has a critical role in maintaining pregnancy. Ovulation, fertilization, and implantation of the fertilized egg to the uterine wall can occur in afibrinogenemic women. However, all pregnancies in these patients resulted in spontaneous miscarriage. Fg supplemental therapy allows the patients to sustain the pregnancy. Mice with a total fibrinogen deficiency (FG-/-) reproduce the human experience. Despite of successes with fibrinogen supplementation, "paradoxical thrombosis" sometimes occurs, wherein supplemental therapies cause catastrophic thrombosis, such as pulmonary and mesenteric venous thrombosis. In these therapies, syncytial knots, hyaline membrane, and multiple recent infarctions with abruptio placenta were also observed. These findings indicate that the dosage regimen of Fg in afibrinogenemia-related pregnancies needs to be optimized according to other coagulation markers, such as thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) concentration, which represents the extent of thrombin formation. In addition, baseline thrombin assays would be helpful to predict the potential for paradoxical thrombosis during the supplemental therapy offered during pregnancy.
Quantum analog-digital conversion (2019)

Many quantum algorithms, such as the Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) algorithm, depend on oracles that efficiently encode classical data into a quantum state. The encoding of the data can be categorized into two types: analog encoding, where the data are stored as amplitudes of a state, and digital encoding, where they are stored as qubit strings. The former has been utilized to process classical data in an exponentially large space of a quantum system, whereas the latter is required to perform arithmetics on a quantum computer. Quantum algorithms such as HHL achieve quantum speedups with a sophisticated use of these two encodings. In this work, we present algorithms that convert these two encodings to one another. While quantum digital-to-analog conversions have implicitly been used in existing quantum algorithms, we reformulate it and give a generalized protocol that works probabilistically. On the other hand, we propose a deterministic algorithm that performs a quantum analog-to-digital conversion. These algorithms can be utilized to realize high-level quantum algorithms such as a nonlinear transformation of amplitudes of a quantum state. As an example, we construct a ``quantum amplitude perceptron,'' a quantum version of the neural network that hence has a possible application in the area of quantum machine learning.
Etude de l'acylation des aminopropanols catalysée par les acyltransférases (1989)

L'étude de l'acylation des aminopropanols a été réalisée dans le but de produire des molécules tensioactives à fonction alcool libre et à liaison amide stable. L'analogie de structure des aminopropanols avec le glycérol est la raison de l'utilisation des acyltransférases comme catalyseur de ces réactions. Les conditions de sélectivité de l'acylation sont largement influencées par la nature du solvant constituant le milieu réactionnel. Les produits de la réaction dépendent de l'isomère d'aminopropanol mis en jeu (ITERG)
[Establishment of genotyping method for human platelet antigens of HPA-15 system by PCR-SSP]. (2008)

This study was aimed to establish the reliable genotyping method of human platelet antigens of HPA-15 system by PCR-SSP and to use this assay in the further HPA genotyping of volunteer platelet donors. 3 sequence-specific primers recommended by the 11th Platelet Genotyping and Serology Workshop on behalf of International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) were synthesized. The concentration of each primer pair, the concentration of Mg(2+) and the PCR conditions were adjusted to optimize the conditions so that HPA-15 system could be specific amplified. The accuracy and reliability of the developed assay was evaluated and confirmed by typing the coded DNA samples provided by the 11th Platelet Genotyping and Serology Workshop. As a parallel control, a total of 50 volunteer platelet donors in Shenzhen were genotyped by both our assay and the G&T commercial kit at HPA-15 system. 10 coded samples distributed by the 11th Platelet Genotyping and Serology Workshop were genotyped by established PCR-SSP method. The results showed that a concordance rate of 100% was observed between the results obtained by established PCR-SSP method and the results provided by ISBT report. The HPA gene frequencies observed in 50 randomly-selected platelet donors in Shenzhen were 0.5100 and 0.4900 for HPA-15a and HPA-15b respectively. In conclusion, PCR-SSP assay established in our study provides a simple, rapid and accurate method for HPA-15 system genotyping, which assay is suitable for routine clinical HPA genotyping and shows a broad prospect in its further applications.
Anthropologists, Lawyers and Issues for Expert Witnesses: Native Title Claims in Australia (2001)

Social scientists such as anthropologists, linguists and historians play an important role in researching and producing genealogies, reports and other claim materials which are submitted as evidence in native title claims. Being expert witnesses for Aboriginal claimants (or any other party) means that they may also be cross-examined on their evidence by opposing counsel. The recent Federal Court decision Daniel v State of Western Australia (the ‘Daniel case’2) highlights the need to carefully manage communications which occur in the course of researching, documenting and conducting native title claims; the case raises the issue of avoiding (or delaying) the loss of the protection of ‘client privilege’3 for confidential documents such as anthropological field notes and other primary research materials. The central issue is whether various documents can be kept confidential, and if so, for how long.
EMG-force estimation for multiple fingers (2013)

Electromyogram (EMG) activity from the extensor and flexor muscles of the forearm was sensed with high-density surface electrode arrays and related to the force produced at the four fingertips during constant-posture, slowly force-varying contractions from three healthy subjects. Various electrode montages (spatial filters) and number of electrodes used in the system identification were studied. Average errors were small, ranging from 4.21 to 8.10 %MVC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</sub> (flexion maximum voluntary contraction), with errors trending lower when more EMG channels were used and when a monopolar electrode montage was selected. Results are supportive that multiple degrees of freedom of proportional control information are available from the surface EMG of the forearm, at least in intact subjects. Applications for future study include the control of prosthetic upper limb devices in amputees.
Specification of Behavioural Requirements for an Autonomous Tractor (2013)

Over the last decade new information technologies, such as GPS and GIS, have been introducedthat has allowed the scale of management to be reduced from farm level, down to field level andoccasionally to sub field level. With the advent of new information technologies, such asbehaviour-based robotics, this process can be continued into the future by looking at an evensmaller scale such as plant scale technology or Phytotechnology. (From the Greek phyto, whichmeans plant) These new Phytotechnology units will be small autonomous systems that canbehave in a sensible manner for long periods unattended, caring for the individual plant fromseeding through to selective harvesting. With this level of sophisticated equipment, it is likelythat higher value crops such as in horticulture or forestry will be able to justify such aninvestment first. Very little new hardware is needed but the challenge is in defining andimplementing sensible behaviour and developing the systems architecture to support it. Thispaper sets out the criteria for the design of such a system.
A confocal fiber-coupled single-lens theta microscope (1998)

A confocal theta microscope using a single water-immersion objective lens is described. The system is based on the Zeiss Axioplan universal microscope, such that the illumination light is coupled into, and the detected light out of, the microscope optics via optical fibers attached to the reflector slider of the microscope. Conventional wide-field, laser-scanning confocal, confocal theta, and 4Pi-confocal theta microscopy modes are available with the system. As the design can be easily adapted to other microscopes, objective lenses, and wavelengths, it allows confocal theta techniques to be implemented in many standard systems. The design constraints and specifications for the microscope are given, as well as a demonstration of its performance.
A Novel Levodopa/Carbidopa Prodrug (ABBV-951) 24-Hour Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion Treatment for Parkinson’s Disease (P3.8-037) (2019)

Characterize the levodopa pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety/tolerability of ABBV-951 in a first-in-human study following continuous subcutaneous (SC) infusion.
Expression of fibroblast growth factors and their receptors in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome—associated Kaposi sarcoma tissue and derived cells (1993)

These results suggest that the expression of FGF in KS tumors with the coexpression of FGF receptors may provide a basis for autocrine and paracrine mechanisms contributing to the development of KS.
Hyper-crosslinked β-cyclodextrin porous polymer: an adsorption-facilitated molecular catalyst support for transformation of water-soluble aromatic molecules (2015)

A hyper-crosslinked β-cyclodextrin porous polymer (BnCD-HCPP) was designed and synthesized facilely by β-cyclodextrin benzylation and subsequent crosslinking <i>via</i> a Friedel-Crafts alkylation route. The BnCD-HCPP shows an extremely high BET surface area, large pore volume, and high thermal stability, making it a highly efficient adsorbent for removal of aromatic pollutants from water. The adsorption efficiency in terms of distribution coefficient, defined as the ratio of adsorption capacity to equilibrium adsorbate concentration, ranged from 10<sup>3</sup> to 10<sup>6</sup> mL g<sup>-1</sup> within a concentration of 0-100 ppm, one order of magnitude higher than that of other β-cyclodextrin-based adsorbents reported previously. The molar percentage of adsorbate to β-cyclodextrin exceeded 300%, suggesting that the adsorption occurred not only in the cyclodextrin cavities <i>via</i> a 1 : 1 complexation, but also in the nanopores of the BnCD-HCPP created during the hyper-crosslinking. The BnCD-HCPP can be further functionalized by incorporation of gold nanoparticles for catalytic transformation of adsorbed phenolic compounds such as 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol.
Prevention of Diet–Induced Fatty Liver in Experimental Animals by the Oral Administration of A Fatty Acid Bile Acid Conjugate (Fabac) (2003)

Fatty acid bile acid conjugates (FABACs) are a new family of synthetic molecules designed to solubilize biliary cholesterol. They were shown to prevent and dissolve cholesterol gallstones in inbred C57L/J mice fed a lithogenic, high-fat diet (HFD). In these mice, fatty liver was observed in the controls but not in the FABAC-treated ones. The present study was designed to study the effect of FABAC (arachidyl-amido-cholanoic acid) on diet-induced fatty liver in rats, hamsters, and mice. The fatty liver score (on a scale of 0-4 by light microscopy) was 4.0 in control hamsters and 0.3 in the FABAC-fed hamsters (P <.001). In mice it was 1.5 and 0.4, respectively (P <.01). The lipid/protein ratio in the liver was 1.3 +/- 0.44 (mg lipid/mg protein) in control rats and 0.66 +/- 0.04 in the FABAC group (P =.001) after 14 days. In hamsters it was 1.41 +/- 0.27 and 1.11 +/- 0.20, respectively (P =.03), after 21 days. In Imperial Charles River (ICR) mice the ratio was 0.34 +/- 0.10 and 0.17 +/- 0.07 (P =.03), respectively, after 24 days. Liver fat concentration, measured as mg lipid/g liver tissue, decreased similarly by FABAC feeding. The decrease in liver fat affected mainly the triglyceride levels. FABAC-fed animals gained weight similarly to the controls. Triglyceride absorption was unaffected by FABAC supplementation. In conclusion, oral FABAC therapy prevents/reduces the development of fatty liver in animals consuming a HFD.
L-Type Voltage-Gated Ca<sup>2+</sup>Channels: A Single Molecular Switch for Long-Term Potentiation/Long-Term Depression-Like Plasticity and Activity-Dependent Metaplasticity in Humans (2010)

The ability of synapses to undergo persistent activity-dependent potentiation or depression [long-term potentiation (LTP)/long-term depression (LTD)] may be profoundly altered by previous neuronal activity. Although natural neuronal activity can be experimentally manipulated in vivo, very little is known about the in vivo physiological mechanisms involved in regulating this metaplasticity in models of LTP/LTD. To examine whether Ca(2+) signaling may influence metaplasticity in vivo in humans, we used continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) (Huang et al., 2005), a noninvasive novel repetitive magnetic stimulation protocol known to induce persistent alterations of corticospinal excitability whose polarity is changed by previous voluntary motor activity. When directed to the naive motor cortex, cTBS induced long-lasting potentiation of corticospinal excitability, but depression under the influence of nimodipine (NDP), an L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel (L-VGCC) antagonist. Both aftereffects were blocked by dextromethorphan, an NMDA receptor antagonist, supporting the notion that these bidirectional cTBS-induced alterations of corticospinal excitability map onto LTP and LTD as observed in animal studies. A short period of voluntary contraction and a small dose of NDP were each ineffective in blocking the cTBS-induced potentiation. However, when both interventions were combined, a depression was induced, and the magnitude of this depression increased with the dose of NDP. These findings suggest that Ca(2+) dynamics determine the polarity of LTP/LTD-like changes in vivo. L-VGCCs may act as molecular switches mediating metaplasticity induced by endogenous neuronal activation.