gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diode recovery current suppression circuit (2002)

There are many known methods for diode recovery current suppression. Most of them have limited application-they can work only on certain types of power converters. Other known solutions work only in cases of certain input and/or output conditions. Many involve complex circuits and active devices. In this paper, a simple efficient way to suppress recovery diode current is shown. It allows higher frequency power conversion and a lower level of noise. It can be applied in a wide range of DC/DC converter topologies. Achieving the above is possible with passive components only. A circuit is shown which forces the current to alternate its path between two diodes in such a way that each of them has a low dI/dt rate. The sum of the two diodes currents is equivalent to the normal current that would flow without the suppression circuit. This circuit can be used to suppress diode recovery current in most switch mode power converters. For example, it suppresses recovery current through a hard-switched boost PFC diode very effectively allowing a higher conversion frequency and lower level of EMI to be achieved. The circuit can also be used also with buck regulators. Even fly-back circuits working in the continuous mode can benefit from this circuit. It can be applied in secondary rectifier configurations such as full bridge, half bridge and center-tap transformer rectifiers.
New Tridentate Phosphine Rhodium and Iridium Complexes, Including a Stable Rhodium(I) Silyl. Si−S Activation and a Strong Effect of X in (PP<sub>2</sub>)M−X (X = H, Cl, Me) on Si−H Activation (2002)

Rhodium and iridium complexes of the general formula (PP2)MX bearing the new triphosphine ligand iPr2P(CH2)3P(Ph)(CH2)3PiPr2 (PP2) have been synthesized. Reactivity of the PP2MX complexes toward HSi(SEt)3 was studied. Whereas (PP2)RhCl and (PP2)IrCl do not react with HSi(SEt)3, (PP2)RhH gives rise to the Rh(III) adduct [(PP2)Rh(H)2Si(SEt)3], and (PP2)RhMe (3) activates both the Si−H and the Si−S bonds of HSi(SEt)3, affording the Rh(I) complexes (PP2)RhSi(SEt)3 (5) and (PP2)RhSEt (6). Only a few stable Rh(I) silyl complexes are known, and Si−S bond activation by transition-metal complexes has been rarely observed. The X-ray crystal structure of 5 exhibits a considerable distortion from square-planar geometry, the average angle between the trans-disposed ligands being 152.5°. In contrast to 3, (PP2)IrMe (8) forms a stable Ir(III) adduct with HSi(SEt)3, fac-[(PP2)Ir(Me)(H)(Si(SEt)3)] (9). No Si−S activation was observed with 8. Thus, the reactivity of (PP2)MX complexes toward HSi(SEt)3 strongly depends on the nature of M and X.
Autophagy is increased in laminin α2 chain-deficient muscle and its inhibition improves muscle morphology in a mouse model of MDC1A (2011)

Congenital muscular dystrophy caused by laminin α2 chain deficiency (also known as MDC1A) is a severe and incapacitating disease, characterized by massive muscle wasting. The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a major role in muscle wasting and we recently demonstrated that increased proteasomal activity is a feature of MDC1A. The autophagy-lysosome pathway is the other major system involved in degradation of proteins and organelles within the muscle cell. However, it remains to be determined if the autophagy-lysosome pathway is dysregulated in muscular dystrophies, including MDC1A. Using the dy(3K)/dy(3K) mouse model of laminin α2 chain deficiency and MDC1A patient muscle, we show here that expression of autophagy-related genes is upregulated in laminin α2 chain-deficient muscle. Moreover, we found that autophagy inhibition significantly improves the dystrophic dy(3K)/dy(3K) phenotype. In particular, we show that systemic injection of 3-methyladenine (3-MA) reduces muscle fibrosis, atrophy, apoptosis and increases muscle regeneration and muscle mass. Importantly, lifespan and locomotive behavior were also greatly improved. These findings indicate that enhanced autophagic activity is pathogenic and that autophagy inhibition holds a promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of MDC1A.
<i>In Silico</i> Cloning of Mouse <i>Muc5b</i> Gene and Upregulation of its Expression in Mouse Asthma Model (2001)

Using a BLAST-searching approach, we identified a mouse expressed sequence tag (EST) clone (AA038672) showing great similarity to the 3' end of the human MUC5B gene. The clone was named "3pmmuc5b-1" after complete nucleotide sequencing (Genbank Accession, AF369933). A subsequent search of the mouse genome database with the 3pmmuc5b-1 sequence identified two overlapping genomic clones (AC020817 and AC020794) that contained the sequence of both 3pmmuc5b-1 and the mouse Muc5ac gene. Like their human homologs, the genomic order of the mouse Muc genes is 5'-Muc5ac-Muc5b-3'. These results suggest that the newly identified EST clone, 3pmmuc5b-1, is part of the 3' portion of the mouse Muc5b gene. In situ hybridization demonstrated that this putative mouse Muc5b message was expressed in a restricted manner in the sublingual gland region of the tongue and the submucosal gland region of the mouse trachea in a normal animal. However, the gene expression was greatly enhanced in airway surface epithelium and the submucosal gland region in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice. These results were consistent with previous studies of human airway tissues. We therefore conclude that this newly cloned mouse Muc5b gene could be used as a marker for studying aberrant mucin gene expression in mouse models of various airway diseases.
Direct comparison of GaN-based e-mode architectures (recessed MISHEMT and p-GaN HEMTs) processed on 200mm GaN-on-Si with Au-free technology (2015)

Gallium nitride transistors are going to dominate the power semiconductor market in the coming years. The natural form of GaN-based devices is “normally-on” or depletion mode (d-mode). Despite these type of devices can be used in power semiconductor systems by means of special drivers or in a cascode package solution, yet the market demands for normally-off or enhancement mode (e-mode) devices. In this work, we directly compare and analyze the two most common approaches to obtain GaN-based e-mode devices: recessed gate MISHEMTs and p-GaN HEMTs. Both approaches have their pro’s and con’s as well as their critical process steps.
Two factor authenticated cash withdrawal using mobile phones and apprehend insecure users within the ATM centre (2014)

In banking systems, cash cards are provided with pin facilities to withdraw cash and it is ubiquitous. Consequently, security risk are also emerged in all dimensions. Hence, this project proposes, two factor authentication method to have high privacy and detain the intruder or unauthorized user within the ATM center. Initially this claimed system, verifies the user is authenticated or not. If it is confidential server allows transaction or else certain detain functions are activated. Thus, the hackers, distributing the security protocol and password schemes by invading the ATM machines with the aid of duplicate card is restricted.
Effect of changes in size and index of refraction on the resonance wavelength of microspheres (2006)

Wave theory and geometrical optics are used to investigate the effect of small changes in size and index of refraction on the resonance wavelength of spherical microresonators. It is shown that changes in the index of refraction have two effects: These changes affect the phase jump on the surface and the optical path length in the resonator. Under certain conditions the effect of the external or internal index of refraction becomes negligible. The influence of the order number of the resonance modes is investigated. Finally, the results of the theoretical analyses are applied to calculate the effect of temperature on the resonance wavelength.
Submersed Macrophytes in the Canadian Prairies: Dealing with Home-grown Problems (1994)

ABSTRACT There are no reports of exotic macrophyte species causing management problems in the Canadian prairies. However, the spread of Myriophyllum spicatum throughout the U.S. and parts of Canada poses concerns to water managers in the Canadian prairie provinces. Given the wide range of environmental conditions that this species can tolerate, it is unlikely that environmental factors prevent its establishment in prairie waterbodies. It is most likely that climatic and geographic constraints have, to date, prevented introduction of M. spicatum in to the Canadian prairies. In the event that this or other exotic species are introduced to the Canadian prairies, it is difficult to predict whether they will grow to nuisance levels, since many of these lakes already support high submersed macrophyte biomass. In lakes and large rivers of the Canadian prairies, aquatic macrophyte growth is favored by nutrient-rich sediments and, in rivers, high water clarity. At present there are no provincial or federal agencies whose mandate is aquatic plant control. Since existing aquatic plant problems are caused by native species, these problems are viewed as a natural state.
Leakage detection in a gas pipeline using artificial neural networks based on wireless sensor network and Internet of Things (2017)

In this paper, a neural network-based method for leakage detection of a gas pipeline by using gas flow pattern is proposed. The pipe is divided in several segments and each segment is modeled by considering input/output pressure of the gas flow. The idea is to use a computer network based on Internet of Things (IOT) phenomena to gather all the required information for detection of the leakage point. In order to process the acquired data from the pipeline, a neural network is used and trained. As usual some of the data are used as training set to adjust the neural network weights and some other are used to evaluate the performance of the neural network based fault detection system. Practical data gathered from a real life pipeline is used to train the network to make sure that the proposed method is applicable real life projects.
Differentiating between peripheral and central causes of vertigo (1998)

The history usually provides the key information for distinguishing between peripheral and central causes of vertigo. Probably the only central lesion that could masquerade as a peripheral vestibular lesion is cerebellar infarction because vertigo and severe imbalance may be the only presenting features. MRI is indicated in any patient with acute vertigo and profound imbalance suspected to be the result of cerebellar infarct or hemorrhage. Patients with chronic recurrent attacks of vertigo often have normal examination results, including normal vestibular function in between attacks. The duration of attacks is most helpful in distinguishing between central and peripheral causes; vertigo associated with vertebrobasilar insufficiency typically lasts minutes, whereas peripheral inner ear causes of recurrent vertigo typically last hours. Positional vertigo nearly always is a benign condition that can be cured easily at the bedside, but in rare cases it can be a symptom of a central lesion, particularly one near the fourth ventricle. Central positional nystagmus is nearly always purely vertical (either upbeating or downbeating), and there are usually associated neurologic findings.
Learning to Rank (2015)

Algorithms for learning to rank Web documents, display ads, or other types of items constitute a fundamental component of search engines and more generally of online services. In such systems, when a user makes a request or visits a web page, an ordered list of items (e.g. documents or ads) is displayed; the user scans this list in order, and clicks on the first relevant item if any. When the user clicks on an item, the reward collected by the system typically decreases with the position of the item in the displayed list. The main challenge in the design of sequential list selection algorithms stems from the fact that the probabilities with which the user clicks on the various items are unknown and need to be learned. We formulate the design of such algorithms as a stochastic bandit optimization problem. This problem differs from the classical bandit framework: (1) the type of feedback received by the system depends on the actual relevance of the various items in the displayed list (if the user clicks on the last item, we know that none of the previous items in the list are relevant); (2) there are inherent correlations between the average relevance of the items (e.g. the user may be interested in a specific topic only). We assume that items are categorized according to their topic and that users are clustered, so that users of the same cluster are interested in the same topic. We investigate several scenarios depending on the available side-information on the user before selecting the displayed list: (a) we first treat the case where the topic the user is interested in is known when she places a request; (b) we then study the case where the user cluster is known but the mapping between user clusters and topics is unknown. For both scenarios, we derive regret lower bounds and devise algorithms that approach these fundamental limits.
Predicting genome-wide DNA methylation using methylation marks, genomic position, and DNA regulatory elements (2015)

Our observations of DNA methylation patterns led us to develop a classifier to predict DNA methylation levels at CpG site resolution with high accuracy. Furthermore, our method identified genomic features that interact with DNA methylation, suggesting mechanisms involved in DNA methylation modification and regulation, and linking diverse epigenetic processes.
Eugène Pittard: 5 juin 1867-12 mai 1962 (1962)

EUGNE PITTARD
Superantigens: A Pathogen's View of the Immune System (1993)

Introduction (B. Huber, E. Palmer) Structural Model of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A Interaction with MHC Class II Antigens (J.D. Fraser et al.) Superantigens Expresssed by Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (H. Acha-Orbea) Superantigen Function in Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus-induced Tumorigenesis (S.R. Ross et al.) Polymorphism of TCR VB Regions and Clonal Deletions in Wild Mouse Populations (P.N. Marche et al.) T-Cell Recognition of Superantigens: Role of Non-VB TCR Elements and MHC Molecules (M.A. Blackman et al.) MTV-encoded Superantigen Expression in B Lymphoma Cells on SJL Mice as a Stimulus for Reversed Immun-ological Surveillance (V.K. Tsiagbe et al.) Superantigenicity of Rabies Virus Nucleocapsid in Humans and Mice (M. Lafon et al.) Superantigens and the Patho-genesis of Viral Diseases (H. Soudeyns et al.) HIV-1 Replication in T Cells Dependent on TCR VB Expression (D.N. Posnett et al.)
Optical biosensing: Kinetics of protein A‐IGG binding using biolayer interferometry (2010)

An undergraduate biochemistry laboratory experiment has been developed using biolayer interferometry (BLI), an optical biosensing technique similar to surface plasmon resonance (SPR), in which students obtain and analyze kinetic data for a protein-protein interaction. Optical biosensing is a technique of choice to determine kinetic and affinity constants for biomolecular interactions. Measurements can be made in real-time without labels, making biosensing particularly appropriate for the teaching laboratory. In the described exercise, students investigate the kinetics of Protein A-human Immunoglobin G binding under conditions that mimic simple 1:1 binding. Students prepare appropriate serial dilutions of IgG and set up a microplate for the experiment by aliquotting biotinylated Protein A, buffer, and IgG solutions. A commercial BLI sensor, the FortéBio Octet QK, is used to measure binding. While data are collected students prepare a spreadsheet with which they will simulate the data to determine k(on) , k(off) , and K(D) . Raw data from the sensor are then exported to the spreadsheets for analysis. Optimized experiment timing, regeneration methods and other parameters are described to increase throughput and reduce cost. The experiment is readily adaptable to other biosensing platforms such as SPR instruments.
Adaptive Control of a Generic Hypersonic Vehicle (2013)

This paper presents an adaptive augmented, gain-scheduled baseline LQR-PI controller applied to the Road Runner six-degree-of-freedom generic hypersonic vehicle model. Uncertainty in control effectiveness, longitudinal center of gravity location, and aerodynamic coefficients are introduced in the model, as well as sensor bias and noise, and input time delays. The performance of the baseline controller is compared to the same design augmented with one of two different model-reference adaptive controllers: a classical openloop reference model design, and modified closed-loop reference model design. Both adaptive controllers show improved command tracking and stability over the baseline controller when subject to these uncertainties. The closed-loop reference model controller offers the best performance, tolerating a reduced control effectiveness of 50%, rearward center of gravity shift of up to -1.6 feet (11% of vehicle length), aerodynamic coefficient uncertainty scaled 4× the nominal value, and sensor bias of up to +3.2 degrees on sideslip angle measurement. The closed-loop reference model adaptive controller maintains at least 70% of the delay margin provided by the robust baseline design when subject to varying levels of uncertainty, tolerating input time delays of between 15-41 ms during 3 degree angle of attack doublet, and 80 degree roll step commands.
Clinical Development of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2015)

Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy has been remarkable. Most striking are the clinical development and approval of immunomodulators, also known as immune checkpoint inhibitors. These monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are directed to immune checkpoint molecules, which are expressed on immune cells and mediate signals to attenuate excessive immune reactions. Although mAbs targeting tumor associated antigens, such as anti-CD20 mAb and anti-Her2 mAb, directly recognize tumor cells and induce cell death, immune checkpoint inhibitors restore and augment the antitumor immune activities of cytotoxic T cells by blocking immune checkpoint molecules on T cells or their ligands on antigen presenting and tumor cells. Based on preclinical data, many clinical trials have demonstrated the acceptable safety profiles and efficacies of immune checkpoint inhibitors in a variety of cancers. The first in class approved immune checkpoint inhibitor is ipilimumab, an anti-CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4) mAb. Two pivotal phase III randomized controlled trials demonstrated a survival benefit in patients with metastatic melanoma. In 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma. Several clinical trials have since investigated new agents, alone and in combination, for various cancers. In this review, we discuss the current development status of and future challenges in utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Prospective Study of Plasma Fatty Acids and Risk of Prostate Cancer (1994)

The effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid, particularly from vegetable sources, warrant further study. The effects of dietary linoleic acid and marine fatty acids seen in animal bioassays might not apply to human prostate cancer.
Synthesis and Activity of Fluorescent Isoprenoid Pyrophosphate Analogues (2004)

New fluorescent analogues of farnesol and geranylgeraniol have been prepared and then converted to the corresponding pyrophosphates. These analogues incorporate anthranylate or dansyl-like groups anchored to the terpenoid skeleton through amine bonds that would be expected to be relatively stable to metabolism. After addition of the alcohols or the pyrophosphates to the culture medium, their fluorescence is readily observed inside a human-derived leukemia cell line. Enzyme assays have revealed that the farnesyl pyrophosphate analogue is an inhibitor of FTase, while the corresponding alcohol is not. These results, together with Western blot analyses of cell lysates, indicate that the farnesyl pyrophosphate analogue penetrates the cells as an intact pyrophosphate and that it does so at a biologically relevant concentration.
The TIR1 protein of <i>Arabidopsis</i> functions in auxin response and is related to human SKP2 and yeast Grr1p (1998)

Genetic analysis in Arabidopsis has led to the identification of several genes that are required for auxin response. One of these genes, AXR1, encodes a protein related to yeast Aos1p, a protein that functions to activate the ubiquitin-related protein Smt3p. Here we report the identification of a new gene called TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1 (TIR1). The tir1 mutants are deficient in a variety of auxin-regulated growth processes including hypocotyl elongation and lateral root formation. These results indicate that TIR1 is also required for normal response to auxin. Further, mutations in TIR1 display a synergistic interaction with mutations in AXR1, suggesting that the two genes function in overlapping pathways. The TIR1 protein contains a series of leucine-rich repeats and a recently identified motif called an F box. Sequence comparisons indicate that TIR1 is related to the yeast protein Grr1p and the human protein SKP2. Because Grr1p and other F-box proteins have been implicated in ubiquitin-mediated processes, we speculate that auxin response depends on the modification of a key regulatory protein(s) by ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-related protein.
Segregation of relaxed replicated dimers when DNA ligase and DNA polymerase I are limited during oriC-specific DNA replication (1989)

An in vitro Escherichia coli oriC-specific DNA replication system was used to investigate the DNA replication pathways of oriC plasmids. When this system was perturbed by the DNA ligase inhibitor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), alterations occurred in the initiation of DNA synthesis and processing of intermediates and DNA products. Addition of high concentrations of NMN soon after initiation resulted in the accumulation of open circular dimers (OC-OC). These dimers were decatenated to open circular monomers (form II or OC), which were then processed to closed circular supercoiled monomers (form I or CC) products. After a delay, limited ligation of the interlinked dimers (OC-OC to CC-OC and CC-CC) also occurred. Similar results were obtained with replication protein extracts from polA mutants. The presence of NMN before any initiation events took place prolonged the existence of nicked template DNA and promoted, without a lag period, limited incorporation into form II molecules. This DNA synthesis was nonspecific with respect to oriC, as judged by DnaA protein dependence, and presumably occurred at nicks in the template DNA. These results are consistent with oriC-specific initiation requiring closed supercoiled molecules dependent on DNA ligase activity. The results also show that decatenation of dimers occurs readily on nicked dimer and represents an efficient pathway for processing replication intermediates in vitro.
Papillomavirus Particles Assembled in 293TT Cells Are Infectious In Vivo (2006)

Papillomaviruses (PVs) demonstrate both tissue and species tropisms. Because PVs replicate only in terminally differentiating epithelium, the recent production of infectious PV particles in 293 cells marks an important breakthrough. In this article, we demonstrate that infectious PV particles produced in 293TT cells can cause papillomatous growths in the natural host animal. Moreover, we show that species-matched PV genomes can be successfully delivered in vivo by a heterologous, species-mismatched PV capsid. Additionally, our results indicate that the addition of the simian virus 40 origin of replication to the papillomavirus genome increases the production of infectious papillomavirus particles by increasing genome amplification in the transfected 293TT cells.