gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uncooled low-cost thermal imager based on micromachined CMOS integrated sensor array (2001)

We present a micromachined 10/spl times/10 array of thermoelectric infrared sensors fabricated in a commercial complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit process with subsequent bulk-micromachining on wafer-scale. This array is used to demonstrate the feasibility of a low-cost thermal imager. The imager operates in ambient air, without thermal stabilization or cooling. The thermoelectric sensor principle allows one to measure dc radiation signals even without a radiation chopper. Each pixel contains an integrated heater, which allows calibration and self-testing of the imager. Addressing circuitry for the thermopiles and the heaters as well as a low-noise amplifier are integrated with the array on a single chip with a size of 5.5/spl times/6.2 mm. The imager achieves a temperature resolution of 530 mK with a low-cost polyethylene Fresnel lens. This performance allows application in presence detection, remote temperature measurement, and building control.
Preparation and Properties of S-Bridged CoIIIAgI3CoIII Pentanuclear Complexes Having a Triple Helical Chirality. Crystal Structure of [Ag3{Co(aet)3}2](BF4)3 (aet = 2-Aminoethanethiolate) (1998)

Abstract Novel S-bridged CoIIIAgI3CoIII pentanuclear complexes, [Ag3{Co(aet)3}2]3+ (1) and [Ag3{Co(l-cys-N,S)3}2]3− (2), were prepared by reacting fac(S)-[Co(aet)3] (aet = 2-aminoethanethiolate) or ΔLll-fac(S)-[Co(l-cys-N,S)3]3− (l-cys = l-cysteinate) with Ag+ in a ratio of 2 : 3. The crystal structure of 1(BF4)3 was determined by X-ray crystallography. 1(BF4)3·H2O, chemical formula C12H38B3N6OF12S6Co2Ag3, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with a = 16.397(2), b = 13.239(2), c = 15.803(4) Å, V = 3430.5(9) Å3, Z = 4, and R = 0.066. In 1 the two thiolato S atoms from two octahedral fac(S)-[Co(aet)3] units coordinate to each of three Ag atoms, such that the three S–Ag–S linkages form a triple helical structure. 1 gave only racemic isomer, ΔΔ and ΛΛ, which were optically resolved by cation-exchange column chromatography, while the ΔLllΔLll isomer was selectively formed for 2 with a retention of the absolute configuration of the starting ΔLll-fac(S)-[Co(l-cys-N,S)3]3−. 1 was converted to the S-bridged tricobalt(III) complex [Co{Co(aet)3}2]3+ by a reaction with I− in the presence of Co2+, accompanied by an intermolecular exchange and racemization of the Δ/Λ-fac(S)-[Co(aet)3] units. The electronic absorption and CD spectral properties of 1 and 2 are also reported.
Regulation of RAF Activity by 14-3-3 Proteins (2008)

Mammalian 14-3-3 proteins play a crucial role in the activation process of RAF kinases. However, little is known about the selectivity of the mammalian 14-3-3 isoforms with respect to RAF association and activation. Using mass spectrometry, we analyzed the composition of the 14-3-3 isoforms attached to RAF kinases and found that B-RAF associates in vivo with 14-3-3 at much higher diversity than A- and C-RAF. We also examined in vitro binding of purified mammalian 14-3-3 proteins to RAF kinases using surface plasmon resonance techniques. While B- and C-RAF exhibited binding to all seven 14-3-3 isoforms, A-RAF bound with considerably lower affinities to epsilon, tau, and sigma 14-3-3. These findings indicate that 14-3-3 proteins associate with RAF isoforms in a pronounced isoform-specific manner. Because 14-3-3 proteins appear in dimeric forms, we addressed the question of whether both homo- and heterodimeric forms of 14-3-3 proteins participate in RAF signaling. For that purpose, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, possessing only two 14-3-3 isoforms (BMH1 and BMH2), served as testing system. By deletion of the single BMH2 gene, we found that both homo- and heterodimeric forms of 14-3-3 can participate in RAF activation. Furthermore, we show that A-, B-, and C-RAF activity is differentially regulated by its C-terminal and internal 14-3-3 binding domain. Finally, prohibitin, a scaffold protein that affects C-RAF activation in a stimulatory manner, proved to interfere with the internal 14-3-3 binding site in C-RAF. Together, our results shed more light on the complex mechanism of RAF activation, particularly with respect to activation steps that are mediated by 14-3-3 proteins and prohibitin.
Acidity and N-methylation of N-aryl-N ′-cyanoguanidines † (1999)

Acid dissociation constants in water have been determined for proton loss from a series of N-aryl-N′-cyanoguanidines 1. Treatment of the same compounds with a strong base, butyllithium, followed by excess methyl iodide leads to successive N-methylation to yield mono-, di- and tri-methylated N-aryl-N′-cyanoguanidines. The mechanism of the methylation is discussed.
Analysis and Prediction of Application Usage in Android Phones (2016)

Predictive Analytics analyze the present and the historical informations and make future predictions utilizing data mining or machine learning techniques. Predictive models usually check for some patterns and relationships leading to certain behaviours based on the dependent variables. This paper proposes a mechanism named Analysis and Prediction of Application Usage (APAU) in Android Phones for providing recommendations to a smart phone user while selecting applications of their interest like mail checking, messaging and making calls. APAU mainly focuses on identifying usage patterns and investigating the human behaviour during application selections by extracting the generic behavioural patterns to predict and provide useful set of recommendations.
Dead-Stop End Point as Applied to Karl Fischer Method for Determining Moisture (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDead-Stop End Point as Applied to Karl Fischer Method for Determining MoistureGrant Wernimont and F. HopkinsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1943, 15, 4, 272–274Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560116a017https://doi.org/10.1021/i560116a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Forearm Motion Tracking with Estimating Joint Angles from Inertial Sensor Signals (2009)

In this paper, we have attempted forearm movement tracking in 3-D by estimating joint angles of a forearm with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) consisting of a tri-axis accelerometer and gyroscope sensors. As the feedback of the forearm motion tracking, we have implemented a 3-D digital forearm model based on the kinematic chain theory utilizing super-quadric surfaces and joints, and attempted to control the digital arm with the estimated joint angles via Kalman filtering. Some preliminary experimental results are presented.
Cuprous Chloride Accelerated Stille Reactions. A General and Effective Coupling System for Sterically Congested Substrates and for Enantioselective Synthesis (1999)

A major limitation of Stille coupling reactions arises from steric screening, especially in the vinylstannane component. For example, with 1-substituted vinylstannanes and aryl perfluoroalkanesulfonates or halides negligible or low yields are generally observed, due to very slow reaction rates and competing cine substitution. This problem has been overcome in the present work through the discovery and application of cuprous chloride as an accelerant for coupling. Thus, using a protocol for coupling that involves the system Pd(PPh3)4/CuCl/LiCl under anaerobic conditions in dimethyl sulfoxide solution at 60 °C, a wide variety of Stille coupling reactions which otherwise fail can be effected in excellent yield (Table 1). The process has been applied to the enantioselective synthesis of the chiral 1-(arylethyl)alkylcarbinol 26, a model for the natural product nicandrenone. The acceleration of Stille coupling by cuprous chloride can be explained by the intervention of a vinylstannane → vinylcopper(I) transmetalation step and a subsequent accelerated coupling of ArPdX with the vinylcopper(I) intermediate.
Interplay of Depletion Forces and Biomolecular Recognition in the Hierarchical Assembly of Supramolecular Tubes (2023)

Crowding effects have a profound impact on the hierarchical organization of cellular architectures. In the fields of systems chemistry and soft matter, this effect has not received much attention so far. Here, it is explored how poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a crowding agent invokes depletion forces that act on synthetic supramolecular tubes. Hence, supramolecular tubes are pushed from their random orientation into hierarchically assembled bundles due to the PEG-induced crowded environment. The resulting morphology of formed bundled architectures can be tuned by the concentrations of both the supramolecular tubes and the PEG. The introduction of biotin groups at the surface of the tubes allows the engineering of biotin-streptavidin crosslinks between them. The order of introducing PEG and streptavidin in the system further affects the formed hierarchical assemblies, as well as their resistance toward dilution. The strategy described here provides a new route to establish hierarchically organized supramolecular architectures, combining crowding and specific biomolecular interactions, which shows the potential for controlling the structure of supramolecular materials and other soft matter systems.
Design of an integrated potentiostat circuit for CMOS bio sensor chips (2003)

A design strategy is presented for potentiostat circuits suitable for electronic bio sensors on CMOS. Guidelines are given to guarantee stable operation under the condition of widely varying and only roughly known electrochemical parameters. A concrete design example used in a fully electronic DNA sensor array CMOS chip is shown. Measurement results with a biological analyte applied to that chip prove proper operation of the potentiostat.
Generation means analysis of resistance to head smut in maize (1992)

— Head smut, caused by Sphacelotheca reilana (Khn) Clint, is a disease affecting maize (Zea mays L) in southwest France. Generation means analysis was used to determine the relative importance of additive, dominance, and epistatic effects controlling resistance of maize to head smut. The parental inbred lines, F 1 , F 2 , and first backcross generations of A632 x A188 and LH74 x LMZ66 were tested for head smut resistance at La Role, France in 1990 and 1991. Additive effects accounted for 97% of the variation among A632xA188 generations and 88% of the variation among LH74 x LMZ66 generations. Dom- inance and epistatic effects were minor compared with additive effects. The absence of entries x years interaction indicated that multiple-year screening of germplasm is not necessary. This result, as well as the preponderance of additive genetic effects, should enhance progress in selection for head smut re- sistance.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Thoracic Structures: Based on Chinese Visible Human (2013)

We managed to establish three-dimensional digitized visible model of human thoracic structures and to provide morphological data for imaging diagnosis and thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. With Photoshop software, the contour line of lungs and mediastinal structures including heart, aorta and its ramus, azygos vein, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, thymus, esophagus, diaphragm, phrenic nerve, vagus nerve, sympathetic trunk, thoracic vertebrae, sternum, thoracic duct, and so forth were segmented from the Chinese Visible Human (CVH)-1 data set. The contour data set of segmented thoracic structures was imported to Amira software and 3D thorax models were reconstructed via surface rendering and volume rendering. With Amira software, surface rendering reconstructed model of thoracic organs and its volume rendering reconstructed model were 3D reconstructed and can be displayed together clearly and accurately. It provides a learning tool of interpreting human thoracic anatomy and virtual thoracic and cardiovascular surgery for medical students and junior surgeons.
Lifespan-based Partitioning of Index Structures for Time-travel Text Search (2015)

Time-travel text search over a temporally evolving document collection is useful in various applications. Supporting a wide range of query classes demanded by these applications require different index layouts optimized for their respective query access patterns. The problem we tackle is how to efficiently handle different query classes using the same index layout.
Breakdown voltage in thin III–V avalanche photodiodes (2001)

The dead-space multiplication theory of Hayat and Saleh [J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 1415 (1992)], in conjunction with the multiplication-width-independent ionization-coefficient model developed by Saleh et al. [IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 47, 625 (2000)], are shown to accurately predict breakdown voltages for thin avalanche photodiodes of GaAs, InP, In0.52Al0.48As, and Al0.2Ga0.8As, over a broad range of device widths. The breakdown voltage is determined from the analytical expression for the impulse-response-function decay rate.
Fabrication of microstructures in photoetchable glass ceramics using excimer and femtosecond lasers (2004)

We discuss laser fabrication of microstructures in photoetchable glass ceramics called Foturan (Schott Company, Elmsford, NY). A KrF excimer laser (= 248 nm, = 25 ns) is used for surface micromachining, and a femtosecond laser (= 800 nm, = 80 fs) is used for fabricating 3-D structures. Important aspects of the machining, such as depth of machining resulting from different laser processing parameters and threshold laser fluences, are presented. A detailed analysis of the absorption process of both lasers in photoetchable glass ceramics is provided.
Genes and engineered cells as drugs for type I and type II diabetes mellitus therapy and prevention. (2002)

Despite the manageability of diabetes mellitus, complications associated with the disorder necessitate novel approaches to prevent immune-mediated impairment and destruction in type 1 diabetes, as well as the pancreatic insufficiency and peripheral resistance to insulin in type 2 diabetes. Islet transplantation is evolving into a clinical reality to treat type 1 diabetics and novel uses of gene engineering technology promise to result in tolerance to auto-, allo- and xenoantigens as well as microenvironment-specific immunosuppression. Through the use of a variety of gene delivery vehides, an increasing number of studies demonstrate the feasibility of shielding islet transplants and surrogate beta cells from immune rejection by the local secretion of immunosuppressive soluble molecules and anti-apoptotic factors. Although the achievements of gene and cell therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus are less clear, seminal studies demonstrate the relevance of this approach to the treatment and perhaps prevention of the underlying causes of the disease, including obesity and insulin resistance. In this review, we attempt to illustrate pivotal studies demonstrating the suitability of genes and cells as drugs in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and also provide some other targets that may be suitable for clinical utility.
Biosynthetic Inorganic Chemistry (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Analysis of SAGE data in human platelets: Features of the transcriptome in an anucleate cell (2006)

A comprehensive SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) library of purified human platelets was established. Twenty-five thousand (25,000) tags were sequenced, and after removal of mitochondrial tags, 12,609 (51%) non-mitochondrial-derived tags remained, corresponding to 2,300 different transcripts with expression levels of up to 30,000 tags per million. This new, highly purified SAGE library of platelets is enriched in specific transcripts. The complexity in terms of tag distribution is similar to cells that are still able to replenish their mRNA pool by transcription. We show that our SAGE data are consistent with recently published microarray data but show further details of the platelet transcriptome, including (i) longer UTR regions and more stable folding in the enriched mRNAs, (ii) biologically interesting new candidate mRNAs that show regulatory elements, including elements for RNA stabilization or for translational control, and (iii) significant enrichment of specific, highly transcribed mRNAs compared to a battery of SAGE libraries from other tissues. Among several regulatory mRNA elements known to be involved in mRNA localization and translational control, CPE elements are in particular enriched in the platelet transcriptome. mRNAs previously reported to be translationally regulated were found to be present in the library and were validated by real-time PCR. Furthermore, specific molecular functions such as signal transduction activity were found to be significantly enriched in the platelet transcriptome. These findings emphasize the richness and diversity of the platelet transcriptome.
context2vec: Learning Generic Context Embedding with Bidirectional LSTM (2016)

Context representations are central to various NLP tasks, such as word sense disambiguation, named entity recognition, coreference resolution, and many more. In this work we present a neural model for efficiently learning a generic context embedding function from large corpora, using bidirectional LSTM. With a very simple application of our context representations, we manage to surpass or nearly reach state-of-the-art results on sentence completion, lexical substitution and word sense disambiguation tasks, while substantially outperforming the popular context representation of averaged word embeddings. We release our code and pretrained models, suggesting they could be useful in a wide variety of NLP tasks.
<title>Using VR technology for training in minimally invasive vascular surgery</title> (2003)

This paper describes a computerized simulation system for minimally invasive vascular interventions using Virtual-Reality (VR) based technology. A virtual human patient is constructed using the Visible Human Data (VHD). A knowledge-based human vascular network is developed to describe human vascular anatomy with diseased lesions for different interventional applications. A potential field method is applied to model the interaction between the blood vessels and vascular catheterization devices. A haptic interface is integrated with the computer simulation system to provide tactile sensations to the user during the simulated catheterization procedures. The system can be used for physician training and for pre-treatment planning of interventional vascular procedures.
Epithelial sodium channel regulated by differential composition of a signaling complex (2009)

Hormonal control of transepithelial sodium (Na(+)) transport utilizes phosphatidylinositide 3'-kinase (PI3K) and Raf-MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)-ERK-dependent signaling pathways, which impact numerous cell functions. How signals transmitted by these pathways are sorted and appropriately transmitted to alter Na(+) transport without altering other physiologic processes is not well understood. Here, we report the identification of a signaling complex that selectively modulates the cell surface expression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), an ion channel that is essential for fluid and electrolyte balance in mammals. Raf-1 and the ubiquitin ligase, Nedd4-2, are constitutively-expressed inhibitory components of this ENaC regulatory complex, which interact with, and decrease the expression of, cell surface ENaC. The activities of Nedd4-2 and Raf-1 are inhibited cooperatively by the PI3K-dependent kinase serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1), and the Raf-1-interacting protein glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ1), which are aldosterone-stimulated components of the complex. Together, SGK1 and GILZ1 synergistically stimulate ENaC cell surface expression. Interestingly, GILZ1 and SGK1 do not have synergistic, and in fact have opposite, effects on an unrelated activity, FKHRL1-driven gene transcription. Together, these data suggest that GILZ1 and SGK1 provide a physical and functional link between the PI3K- and Raf-1-dependent signaling modules and represent a unique mechanism for specifically controlling Na(+) transport without inappropriately activating other cell functions.
Marine diatoms as optical chemical sensors (2005)

Complex micro- and nanostructured materials for optical sensing purposes are designed and fabricated using top technologies. A completely different approach to engineering systems at the nanoscale consists in recognizing the nanostructures and morphologies that nature has optimized during life’s history on earth. We have found that the photoluminescence emission from silica skeleton of marine diatoms Thalassiosira rotula Meunier is strongly dependent on the surrounding environment. Both the optical intensity and the peaks positions are affected by gases and organic vapors. Depending on the electronegativity and polarizing ability, some substances quench the luminescence, while others effectively enhance it. These phenomena allow the discrimination between different substances. These naturally occurring organisms are thus good candidates as optical sensing materials.
HIV-1 Infection of Female Genital Tract Tissue for Use in Prevention Studies (2013)

Although similar proportions of ectocervical and vaginal tissues support HIV-1 infection, higher levels of HIV-1 replication were observed in ectocervical tissues. Defining point estimates for HIV-1 infection in fresh ectocervical and vaginal tissues provides valuable information for the evaluation of HIV-1 preventative treatments during early clinical studies.
Current challenges of gene therapy for prostate cancer. (1997)

Gene therapy for prostate cancer faces hurdles similar to those being encountered for other cancers and nonmalignant processes. The greatest obstacle is the identification of efficient delivery systems, since numerous animal models and cell culture systems have shown potential efficacy when most cells express the introduced genetic material. Early prostate cancers are easily accessible to gene vector introduction, and the predictable metastatic patterns of this cancer may offer additional advantages for gene therapy. This article reviews gene vectors and gene products, as well as ongoing trials of gene therapy that have recently begun in prostate cancer.
Advances in lupus genetics (2015)

These studies provide a fascinating window into human SLE disease biology. As the work proceeds from genetic association signal to altered human biology, we move closer to tailoring interventions based upon an individual's genetic substrate.