gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated cost budgeting and cost estimation model for building projects (2010)

Cost estimation is an essential skill in the construction industry. For each stage in the project life cycle, conceptual design till decommissioning, there are particular techniques to perform cost estimation. Starting from the preliminary design stage, cost estimates progressively become more detailed and more challenging as a task that requires more man-hours. Consequently, it is not feasible to be performed repetitively. Considering this, detailed cost estimates are only performed at specific points during the design and at the bidding; leaving gaps were project cost can grow out of control. This research proposes a methodology to develop an integrated cost budgeting and cost estimation model for building projects. The proposed model is implemented by integrating an automated quantity take-off system, with a relational database to generate cost estimate reports. The dynamic environment of the proposed model, streamlines the preparation of cost estimates in order to reflect, virtually instantly, the impact of changes in project scope on the cost. Accordingly, decision makers will be able to; venture various scenarios to meet the client budget without compromising the project quality, save tremendous amount of resource-hours allocated to prepare cost estimates and cut down design process cost. The benefits of such a model can extend well beyond the doors of engineering offices to tremendously reduce the time required by contractors for preparing bidding estimates.
OCLC News (1993)

A summary of OCLC's strategic plan that will guide the organization in the years ahead is set forth in a new brochure, “Journey to the 21st Century.”
Characterization of Azo Reduction Activity in a Novel Ascomycete Yeast Strain (2004)

Several model azo dyes are reductively cleaved by growing cultures of an ascomycete yeast species, Issatchenkia occidentalis. In liquid media containing 0.2 mM dye and 2% glucose in a mineral salts base, more than 80% of the dyes are removed in 15 h, essentially under microaerophilic conditions. Under anoxic conditions, decolorization does not occur, even in the presence of pregrown cells. Kinetic assays of azo reduction activities in quasi-resting cells demonstrated the following: (i) while the optimum pH depends on dye structure, the optimum pH range was observed in the acidic range; (ii) the maximum decolorizing activity occurs in the late exponential phase; and (iii) the temperature profile approaches the typical bell-shaped curve. These results indirectly suggest the involvement of an enzyme activity in azo dye reduction. The decolorizing activity of I. occidentalis is still observed, although at a lower level, when the cells switch to aerobic respiration at the expense of ethanol after glucose exhaustion in the culture medium. Decolorization ceased when all the ethanol was consumed; this observation, along with other lines of evidence, suggests that azo dye reduction depends on cell growth. Anthraquinone-2-sulfonate, a redox mediator, enhances the reduction rates of the N,N-dimethylaniline-based dyes and reduces those of the 2-naphthol-based dyes, an effect which seems to be compatible with a thermodynamic factor. The dye reduction products were tested as carbon and nitrogen sources. 1-Amino-2-naphthol was used as a carbon and nitrogen source, and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine was used only as a nitrogen source. Sulfanilic and metanilic acids did not support growth either as a carbon or nitrogen source.
Protein–Surfactant Interaction: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Induced Unfolding of Ribonuclease A (2011)

Protein-surfactant interaction is widely studied to understand stability and structural changes in proteins. In this Article, we have investigated SDS-induced unfolding of RNase A using absorbance, intrinsic fluorescence of the protein, anisotropy, TNS fluorescence, and near- and far-UV circular dichroism. Unfolding titration curves obtained from the absorbance and fluorescence changes were fitted into a five-state protein unfolding model by assuming formation of three intermediate states. Free energy changes and m-values of all four transitions between the native and unfolded state were evaluated. The transitions are categorized into two different regions. Region I, up to 0.5 mM of SDS, involves ionic interaction between the protein and SDS where the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein is altered to a less extent. In region II, hydrophobic interaction dominates and has two distinct transitions. The first transition arises from the aggregation of surfactant molecules around the protein hydrophobic sites. In the following transition, the micelles probably expand more, and a few more hydrophobic sites are occupied by the surfactant. In this region, the tertiary contacts are completely broken, and almost 50% of the secondary structure is lost. The aggregation of SDS around the protein starts well below the CMC. These conformational changes can be explained by the necklace and beads model, and the free energy of formation of such a complex for the RNase A-SDS system is found to be 5.2 (±1.0) kcal mol(-1). The probable interaction sites and the mechanism of unfolding have been discussed in detail.
Sound analysis using MPEG compressed audio (2002)

There is a huge amount of audio data available that is compressed using the MPEG audio compression standard. Sound analysis is based on the computation of short time feature vectors that describe the instantaneous spectral content of the sound. An interesting possibility is the calculation of features directly from compressed data. Since the bulk of the feature calculation is performed during the encoding stage this process has a significant performance advantage if the available data is compressed. Combining decoding and analysis in one stage is also very important for audio streaming applications. In this paper, we describe the calculation of features directly from MPEG audio compressed data. Two of the basic processes of analyzing sound are: segmentation and classification. To illustrate the effectiveness of the calculated features we have implemented two case studies: a general audio segmentation algorithm and a music/speech classifier. Experimental data is provided to show that the results obtained are comparable with sound analysis algorithms working directly with audio samples.
Implicit Theories of Intelligence Predict Achievement Across an Adolescent Transition: A Longitudinal Study and an Intervention (2007)

Two studies explored the role of implicit theories of intelligence in adolescents' mathematics achievement. In Study 1 with 373 7th graders, the belief that intelligence is malleable (incremental theory) predicted an upward trajectory in grades over the two years of junior high school, while a belief that intelligence is fixed (entity theory) predicted a flat trajectory. A mediational model including learning goals, positive beliefs about effort, and causal attributions and strategies was tested. In Study 2, an intervention teaching an incremental theory to 7th graders (N=48) promoted positive change in classroom motivation, compared with a control group (N=43). Simultaneously, students in the control group displayed a continuing downward trajectory in grades, while this decline was reversed for students in the experimental group.
Suggested isosbestic wavelength calibration in clinical analyses. (1979)

I recommend the use of isosbestic points for conveniently checking the wavelength scale of spectrophotometers in the ultraviolet and visible regions. Colorimetric pH indicators, hemoglobin derivatives, and other radiation-absorbing substances that are convertible into stable isomers of different absorption spectra provide a means for calibrating many different wavelengths by comparing the absorptivities of these isomers in equimolar solutions. The method requires no special precautions and results are independent of substance concentration and temperature between 4 and 45 degrees C. Isosbestic calibration may be important for (e.g.) coenzyme-dependent dehydrogenase activity determinations and in quality assurance programs.
The MHC class l-restricted T cell response to Sendai virus infection in C57BL/6 mice: a single immunodominant epitope elicits an extremely diverse repertoire of T cells (1994)

We have used Sendai virus infection of C57BL/6 mice as a model with which to study the T cell response to a single MHC class I epitope. Cells taken from the bronchoalveolar lavage or restimulated in vitro from the mediastinal lymph nodes of virus-infected mice were strongly cytotoxic for a single nucleoprotein epitope, NP324-332/Kb. To correlate TCR usage with specificity for the immunodominant epitope, we generated T cell hybridomas from the bronchoalveolar lavage and mediastinal lymph node cells of C57BL/6 mice at the peak of infection. Altogether, 20 hybridomas were identified that specifically secreted IL-2 in response to NP324-332-pulsed L929-Kb cells. TCR usage in this panel of hybridomas was extremely diverse. Over half of the available J beta and V beta elements present in the C57BL/6 strain of mouse were represented in the hybridomas. Similarly, V alpha usage was also diverse and all 12 of the alpha chains sequenced used distinct J alpha elements. The only relatively conserved feature of the TCR in these hybridomas was the presence of an arginine residue in the junctions of 70% of the beta chains. These data demonstrate that a diverse repertoire of TCR is able to recognize a single MHC class I epitope. Moreover, the data demonstrate that mice make use of this potential diversity in the primary response to a natural viral infection.
A Case of Silent Coronary Thrombosis (1954)

A Case of Silent Coronary Thrombosis Get access A.W. GILKS A.W. GILKS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Occupational Medicine, Volume 4, Issue 1, April 1954, Pages 20–21, https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/4.1.20-a Published: 01 April 1954
High-throughput detection of spore contamination in food packages and food powders using tiered approach of ATP bioluminescence and real-time PCR (2011)

A rapid and quantitative method for detection of Bacillus spores in food/non-alcoholic beverage packages and food powders has been developed using filtration-based ATP bioluminescence and real-time PCR, targeting the sporulation gene (spo0A). In combination with heat activation, the presence and amount of viable bacterial spores (i.e., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus thuringiensis) was determined within 20 min through ATP signal amplifications. The detection limits of heat activation-ATP bioluminescence assay for B. amyloliquefaciens and B. licheniformis spores on food packages were 1.4 × 102 and 1.0 × 103 CFU/cm2, respectively. In contaminated food powders, B. thuringiensis spores could be detected by the ATP assay within the range of 7.9 × 100 to 3.2 × 104 CFU/mg powder while the PCR detection limit was 614 CFU/mg. Linear relationships between luminescent signal (RLU/mg) and plate count (CFU/mg) were found. The same sample after heat activation-ATP assay could be directly used for real-time PCR as a streamlined detection to confirm the identity of Bacillus spores in food packages and food powders even though some bacterial DNA loss was observed. This tiered approach, filtration-based one-tube ATP luminescence method as a rapid, viable screening and using real-time PCR as confirmation, could serve as a high-throughput tool for the detection of Bacillus spores in the food and beverage industry.
The (Sometimes) Amiable Glory of Mark Twain's Humor (2007)

Research Article| January 01 2007 The (Sometimes) Amiable Glory of Mark Twain's Humor Louis J. Budd Louis J. Budd Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google The Mark Twain Annual (2007) 5 (1): 5–13. https://doi.org/10.2307/41561748 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Louis J. Budd; The (Sometimes) Amiable Glory of Mark Twain's Humor. The Mark Twain Annual 1 January 2007; 5 (1): 5–13. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/41561748 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectivePenn State University PressThe Mark Twain Annual Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 2008 Mark Twain Circle of America2008Mark Twain Circle of America Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Clinical significance of elevated serum citrulline levels in patients with epilepsy (2014)

<strong>Objective </strong> To discuss the clinical significance of elevated serum citrulline levels in patients with epilepsy, and to provide new idea for improving the curative effect of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). <strong> Methods</strong> Select 159 child and adolescent patients with cryptogenic epilepsy but without brain structural damage, screen serum concentration of citrulline in these patients by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and perform citrulline metabolism-related gene testing, including <em>SLC25A13</em> gene and <em>ASS1</em> gene, in part of those patients with a higher citrulline level, in order to identify the etiology of epilepsy. <strong> Results</strong> Among 159 patients, the citrulline levels of 18 cases were searched for 1.53-3.61 times higher than normal, and no causative mutation or novel mutation of <em>SLC25A13</em> gene and <em>ASS1</em> gene was found in 6 cases who were performed gene testing. AEDs were given to those 18 patients for at least one year. Seven cases (7/18) were free of clinical seizures, and 3 cases (3/18) had at least 75% reduction in seizure frequency, 3 cases (3/18) 50%-75% reduction in seizure frequency, 5 cases (5/18) seizure reduction below 50% . Compared with 30 cases with normal citrulline level (control group), the efficacy of AEDs in those 18 cases were significantly lower (<em>Z </em>= 1.759, <em>P</em> = 0.039). There was no significant difference between these 2 groups in basic features including sex, onset age, duration of seizure, seizure type, seizure frequency and kind of AEDs. <strong> Conclusions</strong> Higher citrulline level (1.53-3.61 times) may lead to a negative effect on the efficacy of AEDs of child and adolescent patients with cryptogenic epilepsy in this study. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.11.013
Asynchronous software thread integration for efficient software (2004)

The overhead of context-switching limits efficient scheduling of multiple concurrent threads on a uniprocessor when real-time requirements exist. Existing software thread integration (STI) methods reduce context switches, but only provide synchronous thread progress within integrated functions. For the remaining, non-integrated portions of the secondary threads to run and avoid starvation, the primary thread must have adequate amounts of coarse-grain idle time (longer than two context-switches). We have developed asynchronous software thread integration (ASTI) methods which address starvation through the efficient use of coroutine calls and integration. ASTI allows threads to make independent progress efficiently and reduces the number of context switches needed through integration.Software-implemented protocol controllers are crippled by this problem; the primary thread "bit-bangs" each bit of a message onto or off of the bus, leaving only fragments of idle time shorter than a bit time. This fragmented time may be too short to recover through context switching, so only the primary thread can execute during message transmission or reception, slowing the secondary threads and potentially making them miss their deadlines. ASTI simplifies the implementation of embedded communication protocols on low-cost, moderate speed (1 - 100 MHz, 8- and 16-bit) microcontrollers. We demonstrate ASTI by replacing a standard automotive communication protocol controller (J1850) with software and generic hardware. Secondary thread performance improves significantly when compared with a traditional interrupt-based software approach.
‘When found, make a note of’ (1967)

THE PRAYERFUL UTTERANCE, ‘May we never want a friend in need, nor a bottle to give him,’ has been widely publicized on a poster celebrating a rare Scotch whisky. The man who originated that delectable expression, however, was Captain Edward Cuttle, the delightful old mariner in Dombey and Son , who spoke in riddles and made a practice of winnowing moral precepts from the good Book for the guidance and edification of his young friend and protege, Walter Gay.
Determination of nucleic acid backbone conformation by proton NMR (1992)

In DNA or RNA duplexes, the six-bond C3'-O3'-P-O5'-C5'-C4'-C3' backbone linkage connecting adjacent residues contains six torsion angles (epsilon, zeta, alpha, beta, gamma, delta) but only four protons. This seriously limits the ability to define the backbone conformation by NMR using purely 1H-1H distance geometry (DG) methods. The problem is further compounded by the inability to assign two of the four backbone protons, namely the poorly resolved H5' and H5'' protons, and invariably leads to DG structures with poorly defined backbone conformations. We have developed and tested a reliable method to constrain the beta, gamma, and epsilon (and indirectly alpha and zeta) backbone torsion angles by lower-bound NOE distances to unassigned H5'/H5'' resonances combined with either 1H line widths or the conservative use of sigma J measurements; the method relies only on 1H 2-D NMR data, does not involve any structural assumptions, and leads to much improved backbone convergence among DG structures. The C4'-C5' torsion angle gamma is constrained by lower-bound NOE distances from H2' and from H6/H8 to any H5'/H5'', as well as by sigma JH4, coupling measurements in the 3.9-4.4 ppm region; delta is constrained by H1'-H4' NOE distances and by H3'-H4' and H3'-H2'' J couplings in COSY data; epsilon is partially constrained by H3' line width and/or further constrained by subtracting the minimum possible sigma JH3'-H from the observed sigma JH3' (COSY) to arrive at the maximum possible JH3'-P, which is then converted to H3'-P distance bounds. The angle beta is partially constrained via H5'-P and H5''-P distance bounds consistent with the maximum H5'-P and H5''-P J couplings derived from the observed H5' and H5'' line widths, while alpha and zeta are indirectly constrained by lower distance bounds on the observed (n)H1' to (n + 1)H5'/H5'' NOEs combined with the prior partial constraints on beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon. The combined effects of these additional constraints in determining distance geometry structures have been demonstrated using a 12-base duplex, [d(GCCGTTAACGGC)]2. Coordinate RMSDs per atom between structures refined with these constraints from random-embedded DG structures, from ideal A-DNA, and from B-DNA starting structures were less than 0.4 A for the central 8 base pairs indicating good convergence. All backbone angles for the central 8 base pairs are very well constrained with less than 10 degrees variation in any of the 48 torsion angles.
Apremilast in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Phase II, Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Parallel‐Group Study (2015)

Apremilast efficacy was not demonstrated in patients who had active RA despite stable MTX therapy.
Atomic layer deposition of Ti-HfO2 dielectrics (2012)

Titanium-doped hafnium oxide films, TixHf1−xO2−δ, have been deposited with a Ti content of x = 0.1 and x = 0.5, by atomic layer deposition. The TixHf1−xO2−δ growth rate is lower compared with the growth rates of the individual binary oxides; however, the composition of the films is unaffected by the reduced growth rate. An 850 °C spike anneal and a 500 °C 30 min furnace anneal were performed, and the resulting film composition and structure was determined using medium energy ion scattering, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The Ti0.1Hf0.9O2−δ films readily crystallize into a monoclinic phase during both types of annealing. By contrast, the Ti0.5Hf0.5O2−δ films remain amorphous during both annealing processes. Electrical characterization of the as-deposited Ti0.1Hf0.9O2−δ films yielded a dielectric constant of 20, which is slightly higher than undoped HfO2 films. The as-deposited Ti0.5Hf0.5O2−δ films showed a significant increase in dielectric constant up to 35. After a 500 °C 30 min anneal, the dielectric constant reduced slightly to 27. The leakage current density of the amorphous film remains relatively unaffected at 8.7×10−7 A/cm2 at −1 MV/cm, suggesting this composition/heat treatment is a candidate for future device dielectrics.
Fabrication of periodic waveguides by ion exchange (1981)

Periodic waveguides have been fabricated by diffusing silver ions into soda lime glass substrates through aluminium grating masks. An efficient beam splitter has been demonstrated. The technique is simple to implement and could be used to fabricate other efficient thin-film devices.
Table-Based Identification Protocol of Compuatational RFID Tags (2015)

Computation RFID (CRFID) expands the limit of traditional RFID by granting computational capability to RFID tags. RFID tags are powered by Radio-Frequency (RF) energy harvesting. However, CRFID tags need extra energy and processing time than traditional RFID tags to sense the environment and generate sensing data. Therefore, Dynamic Framed Slotted ALOHA (DFSA) protocol for traditional RFID is no longer a best solution for CRFID systems. In this paper, we propose a table-based CRFID tag identification protocol considering CRFID operation. An RFID reader sends the message with the frame index. Using the frame index, CRFID tags calculate the energy requirement and processing time information to the reader along with data transmission. The RFID reader records the received information of tags into a table. After table recording is completed, the optimal frame size and proper time interval is provided based on the table. The proposed CRFID tag identification protocol is shown to enhance the identification rate and the delay via simulations.
In Vitro Expansion of Hematopoietic Progenitors and Maintenance of Stem Cells: Comparison Between FLT3/FLK-2 Ligand and KIT Ligand (1997)

The effects of FLT3/FLK-2 ligand (FL) and KIT ligand (KL) on in vitro expansion of hematopoietic stem cells were studied using lineage-negative (Lin-)Sca-1-positive (Sca-1+) c-kit-positive (c-kit+) marrow cells from 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mice. As single agents, neither FL nor KL could effectively support the proliferation of enriched cells in suspension culture. However, in combination with interleukin-11 (IL-11), both FL and KL enhanced the production of nucleated cells and progenitors. The kinetics of stimulation by FL was different from that by KL in that the maximal expansion by FL of the nucleated cell and progenitor pools required a longer incubation than with KL. We then tested the reconstituting abilities of cells cultured for 1, 2, and 3 weeks by transplanting the expanded Ly5.1 cells together with "compromised" marrow cells into lethally irradiated Ly5.2 mice. Cells that had been expanded with either cytokine combination were able to maintain the reconstituting ability of the original cells. Only cells that had been incubated with KL and IL-11 for 21 days had less reconstituting ability than fresh marrow cells. These results indicate that there can be significant expansion of progenitors in vitro without compromising the reconstituting ability of stem cells. Addition of IL-3 to permissive cytokine combinations significantly reduced the ability of cultured cells to reconstitute the hematopoiesis of irradiated hosts. These observations should provide a basis for a rational approach to designing cytokine combinations for in vitro expansion of hematopoietic stem cells.