gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time Personalization using Embeddings for Search Ranking at Airbnb (2018)

Search Ranking and Recommendations are fundamental problems of crucial interest to major Internet companies, including web search engines, content publishing websites and marketplaces. However, despite sharing some common characteristics a one-size-fits-all solution does not exist in this space. Given a large difference in content that needs to be ranked, personalized and recommended, each marketplace has a somewhat unique challenge. Correspondingly, at Airbnb, a short-term rental marketplace, search and recommendation problems are quite unique, being a two-sided marketplace in which one needs to optimize for host and guest preferences, in a world where a user rarely consumes the same item twice and one listing can accept only one guest for a certain set of dates. In this paper we describe Listing and User Embedding techniques we developed and deployed for purposes of Real-time Personalization in Search Ranking and Similar Listing Recommendations, two channels that drive 99% of conversions. The embedding models were specifically tailored for Airbnb marketplace, and are able to capture guest's short-term and long-term interests, delivering effective home listing recommendations. We conducted rigorous offline testing of the embedding models, followed by successful online tests before fully deploying them into production.
The utilization of learner-centered development in a proprietary security setting. (1993)

The author discusses the present role of proprietary security officers, their learning needs, and ways to train them through the application of learner-centered development.
Evidence of specialized leukocyte-vascular homing interactions at the maternal / fetal interface (1999)

In normal pregnancy, the maternal immune system fails to reject the fetus or the placenta as an allogeneic graft. We hypothesize that specialized mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment might limit access of circulating maternal immune cells to the maternal/fetal interface. During the critical period of initial trophoblast invasion there is an elegantly orchestrated progression of leukocyte homing events in the decidua basalis, associated with highly regulated expression of vascular addressins and segregation of specialized leukocyte subsets into well-defined decidual microdomains. Neutrophils are limited to the region of necrosis associated with enzymatic digestion at the leading edge of the invading trophoblast, where an almost linear array of maternal blood vessels displays the neutrophil ligand E-selectin. Cells with the phenotype of monocytes but expressing alpha4beta7 integrin are localized in the blood vessels of the specialized "vascular zone", which display the unusual combination of P-selectin (partially associated with platelets) and the alpha4beta7 ligand mucosal vascular addressin-1 (MAdCAM-1). Granulated metrial gland cells (alpha4+beta7-, probably alpha4beta1+) constitute a well-defined cluster positioned in the central decidua basalis around venules prominently expressing the alpha4beta1 ligand VCAM-1 (but not MAdCAM-1). T and B lymphocytes are rare. Our results suggest that selective mechanisms for regulating leukocyte access, associated with microdomain specialization within the decidua basalis, may play a fundamental role in immune regulation during the invasive period of placental development.
Purification of the Ca2+-dependent proteinase inhibitor from bovine cardiac muscle and its interaction with the millimolar Ca2+-dependent proteinase. (1987)

A protein inhibitor of the Ca2+-dependent proteinase has been purified from bovine cardiac muscle by using the following steps in succession: salting out 17,600 X gmax supernatants from muscle homogenates in 50 mM Tris acetate, pH 7.5, 4 mM EDTA between 25 and 65% ammonium sulfate saturation; eluting between 25 and 120 mM KCl from a DEAE-cellulose column at pH 7.5; salting out between 30 and 60% ammonium sulfate saturation; Ultrogel-22 gel permeation chromatography at pH 7.5; heating to 80 degrees C followed by immediate cooling to 0 degree C; 6% agarose gel permeation chromatography in 4 M urea, pH 7.5; and elution from a phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic column between 0.7 and 0.5 M ammonium sulfate. Approximately 1.16-1.69 mg of purified Ca2+-dependent proteinase inhibitor are obtained from 1 kg of bovine cardiac muscle, fresh weight. Bovine cardiac Ca2+-dependent proteinase inhibitor has an Mr of 115,000 as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a pI of 4.85-4.95, very little alpha-helical structure, a very low specific absorbance of 1.647 (A1% 280), and very low contents of histidine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. Bovine cardiac Ca2+-dependent proteinase inhibitor probably contains a single polypeptide chain in nondenaturing solvents. One 115-kDa inhibitor polypeptide inactivates 10 110-kDa millimolar Ca2+-requiring proteinase (millimolar Ca2+-dependent proteinase) molecules in assays of purified proteins. Inhibition of millimolar proteinase by the proteinase inhibitor did not change in the pH range 6.2-8.6. The inhibitor requires Ca2+ to bind to millimolar Ca2+-dependent proteinase. The Ca2+ concentration required for one-half-maximum binding of millimolar Ca2+-dependent proteinase to the inhibitor was 0.53 mM, compared with a Ca2+ concentration of 0.92 mM required for one-half maximum activity of millimolar Ca2+-dependent proteinase in the absence of the proteinase inhibitor. Unless millimolar Ca2+-dependent proteinase is located subcellularly in a different place than the proteinase inhibitor or unless the proteinase/inhibitor interaction is regulated, millimolar proteinase could never be active in situ.
Protection of keys against modification attack (2002)

Anderson and Kuhn (1997) described an attack against tamper-resistant devices wherein a secret key stored in EEPROM is compromised using a simple and low-cost attack. The attack consists of setting bits in the EEPROM using low-cost probes and observing the effect on the output of the device. These attacks are extremely general, as they apply to virtually any cryptosystem. The objective of the present work is to explore cryptographic techniques with the goal of raising the cost (in terms of time and money) of carrying out the EEPROM modification attack by Class I attackers, at least to a point where it is as prohibitive as the cost of purchasing more expensive equipment. We propose the m-permutation protection scheme in which the key will be encoded in a special way and burned into the EEPROM of the device. To attack the scheme, the attacker needs to be able to solve for K in the equation K=/spl oplus//sub i=1//sup m/P/sub i/ in which P/sub i/'s are unknown. It is observed that the m-permutation protection scheme does not distribute the key K uniformly. Analysis shows that m=3 or m=5 are already good enough practically to provide strong security if the encoding is done properly and that m>5 may not give significant improvement to the security of the scheme.
Electron field emitters based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes coated with conducting polymer/metal/metal-oxide composites (2009)

The present work describes the field emission properties of multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs)-based conducting polymer/metal-oxide/metal/MWNTs composites (polyaniline (PANI)/SnO2/Sn/MWNTs). MWNTs were synthesised by chemical vapour deposition technique. SnO2/Sn/MWNTs were prepared by using chemical reduction followed by calcination. By in situ polymerisation method, surface of SnO2/Sn/MWNTs were coated with PANI. PANI/SnO2/Sn/MWNTs field emitters were fabricated over flexible graphitised carbon fabric substrate by spin coating technique. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterise the field emitters. Field emission properties have been studied using an indigenously made facility. The fabricated PANI/SnO2/Sn/MWNTs field emitters exhibited excellent field emission properties with a turn on field of 1.83 V µm−1 and a field enhancement factor of 4800.
Genotype-Specific Signal Generation Based on Digestion of 3-Way DNA Junctions: Application to KRAS Variation Detection (2006)

OCEAN is a practical and low-cost novel technology for sequence-specific signal generation. Reliable analysis of KRAS sequence alterations in human specimens circumvents the requirement for sequencing. Application is expected in genotyping KRAS codon 12 sequence variants in surgical specimens or in bodily fluids, as well as single-base variations and sequence alterations in other genes.
A survey of machine learning for big data processing (2016)

There is no doubt that big data are now rapidly expanding in all science and engineering domains. While the potential of these massive data is undoubtedly significant, fully making sense of them requires new ways of thinking and novel learning techniques to address the various challenges. In this paper, we present a literature survey of the latest advances in researches on machine learning for big data processing. First, we review the machine learning techniques and highlight some promising learning methods in recent studies, such as representation learning, deep learning, distributed and parallel learning, transfer learning, active learning, and kernel-based learning. Next, we focus on the analysis and discussions about the challenges and possible solutions of machine learning for big data. Following that, we investigate the close connections of machine learning with signal processing techniques for big data processing. Finally, we outline several open issues and research trends.
Chelating Agents Related to Ethylenediamine Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic Acid (EDDHA):  Synthesis, Characterization, and Equilibrium Studies of the Free Ligands and Their Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and Fe<sup>3+</sup> Chelates (2003)

Iron chelates such as ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid (EDDHA) and their analogues are the most efficient soil fertilizers to treat iron chlorosis in plants growing in calcareous soils. EDDHA, EDDH4MA (ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)acetic acid), and EDDCHA (ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-carboxyphenyl)acetic acid) are allowed by the European directive, but also EDDHSA (ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-sulfonylphenyl)acetic acid) and EDDH5MA (ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)acetic acid) are present in several commercial iron chelates. In this study, these chelating agents as well as p,p-EDDHA (ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid) and EDDMtxA (ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-metoxyphenyl)acetic acid) have been obtained following a new synthetic pathway. Their chemical behavior has been studied to predict the effect of the substituents in the benzene ring on their efficacy as iron fertilizers for soils above pH 7. The purity of the chelating agents has been determined using a novel methodology through spectrophotometric titration at 480 nm with Fe(3+) as titrant to evaluate the inorganic impurities. The protonation constants were determined by both spectrophotometric and potentiometric methods, and Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) stability constants were determined from potentiometric titrations. To establish the Fe(3+) and Cu(2+) stability constants, a new spectrophotometric method has been developed, and the results were compared with those reported in the literature for EDDHA and EDDHMA and their meso- and rac-isomers. pM values have been also determined to provide a comparable basis to establish the relative chelating ability of these ligands. The purity obtained for the ligands is higher than 87% in all cases and is comparable with that obtained by (1)H NMR. No significant differences have been found among ligands when their protonation and stability constants were compared. As expected, no Fe(3+) complexation was observed for p,p-EDDHA and EDDMtxA. The presence of sulfonium groups in EDDHSA produces an increase in acidity that affects their protonation and stability constants, although the pFe values suggest that EDDHSA could be also effective to correct iron chlorosis in plants.
A concise and convergent (formal) total synthesis of huperzine A (2006)

The first convergent synthesis of the tricyclic skeleton of huperzine A is described and includes, as the key step, an efficient regioselective intramolecular Heck reaction of 2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)-6-(2-methoxy-5-bromopyridin-6-yl)methylcyclohex-2-enol.
Spinocerebellar ataxia: Variable age of onset and linkage to human leukocyte antigen in a large kindred (1988)

We studied a seven-generation kindred with autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) to assess linkage relationships to multiple human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci on the short arm of chromosome 6. Age at onset, clinical features, and course of the disease are described. Although the mean age of onset was 34 years in this family, in 6 of 41 affected individuals onset was below 15 years of age and was accompanied by the unique clinical features of mental retardation and rapid progression of disease. Linkage studies were performed on 93 individuals, and the results show strong evidence for linkage of the SCA locus to the HLA loci. A maximum logarithm of the odds score of 5.83 was found at a recombination fraction of 0.12. This is the first documentation of childhood onset in the HLA-linked form of SCA.
A Facile Synthesis of 1‐Substituted‐1<i>H</i>‐1,2,3,4‐Tetrazoles Catalyzed by Ytterbium Triflate Hydrate (2006)

Abstract A series of 1‐substituted 1 H ‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazole compounds have been synthesized in good yields from amines, triethyl orthoformate, and sodium azide through the catalyzed reaction with Yb(OTf) 3 . Some of the 1‐susbstituted 1 H ‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazole compounds showed strong phytocidal activity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Model and analysis for combined package and on-chip power grid simulation (2000)

We present new modeling and simulation techniques to improve the accuracy and efficiency of transient analysis of large power dis?tribution grids. These include an accurate model for the inherent decoupling capacitance of non-switching devices, as well as a sta?tistical switching current model for the switching devices. More?over, three new simulation techniques are presented for problem size-reduction and speed-up. Results of application of these tech?niques on three PowerPCtmmicroprocessors are also presented.
Reactive, Multifunctional Polymer Films through Thermal Cross-linking of Orthogonal Click Groups (2011)

The ability to produce robust and functional cross-linked materials from soluble and processable organic polymers is dependent upon facile chemistries for both reinforcing the structure through cross-linking and for subsequent decoration with active functional groups. Generally, covalent cross-linking of polymeric assemblies is brought about by the application of heat or light to generate highly reactive groups from stable precursors placed along the chains that undergo coupling or grafting reactions. Typically, these strategies suffer from a general lack of control of the cross-linking chemistry as well as the fleeting nature of the reactive species that precludes secondary chemistry. We have addressed both of these issues using orthogonal chemistries to effect both cross-linking and subsequent functionalization of polymer films by mild heating, which results in exacting control of the cross-link density as well as the density of the residual stable functional groups available for subsequent, stepwise functionalization. This methodology is exploited to develop a strategy for the independent and orthogonal triple-functionalization of cross-linked polymer thin-films through microcontact printing.
Validity of Charitable Subscriptions in Kentucky (1944)

delivered three writ- ings in which they promised to pay a total of $10,000.00 to three charitable and educational institutions.The following is a copy of one of the instruments: "For and in consideration of our interest in Christian benevolence and in consideration of other gifts . . .and pledges being made for the building and endowing of the Christian Church Widows and Orphans Home . . .we hereby promise to pay to the said Christian Church Widows and Orphans Home the sum of Twentyfive Hundred ($2,500.00)Dollars.This amount is due and payable sixty days after the death of the survivor of us.Bequests amounting to $3,400.00 to our family as set out in the will of Henry A. Floyd are to be preferred to this pledge ...
Cycloadditionen, 12. Einfluß von Alkylgruppen am Aromaten auf die Intramolekulare Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion von allencarbonsäure‐arylestern und Allencarboxaniliden (1988)

Abstract Die Allencarbonsäure‐arylester 4a – o und die Allencarboxanilide 9a,b,e,h und 1 , die sich jeweils lediglich durch die Anzahl oder die Größe der am Aromaten befestigten Alkylgruppen unterscheiden, werden auf dem Ylidweg über entsprechend substituierte 2‐Halogen‐, 2‐Phosphonio‐ und 2‐Phosphoranylidenessigsäure‐Derivate ( 1→2→3→4 bzw. 6→7→8→9 ) hergestellt und in siedendem Xylol in die tricyclischen Verbindungen 5 bzw. 10 übergeführt. Die Geschwindigkeitsunterschiede bei dieser Intramolekularen Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion werden diskutiert.
[Isolation and properties of tyrosine phenol-lyase from Citrobacter intermedius]. (1984)

A method for preparation of homogeneous tyrosine phenol lyase (EC 4.199.2) from Citrobacter intermedius has been developed. The cells were cultivated in the media with a view to obtain a cell culture with a high activity of tyrosine phenol lyase. The isoelectric point for the enzyme lies at pH 4.9. Tyrosine phenol lyase is strictly stereospecific: it catalyzes the formation of pyruvate only from L-tyrosine, but not from D-tyrosine. Kinetic studies showed that K+ and NH4+ cations are non-competitive activators of the enzyme (Ka = 3.57 X 10(-3) and 1.34 X 10(-4) M, respectively).
In vitro inhibition of bacteria from root canals of primary teeth by various dental materials. (1996)

The primary tooth pulpectomy is a common clinical procedure. The choice of filling material is important to the success rate, but antibacterial properties of such materials against organisms known to inhabit infected primary root canals have not been well documented. This study compared the antibacterial effectiveness of 10 materials: 1. Calcium hydroxide mixed with camphorated parachlorophenol (Ca(OH)2+CPC) 2. Calcium hydroxide mixed with sterile water (Ca(OH)2+H2O) 3. Zinc oxide mixed with CPC (ZnO+CPC) 4. Zinc oxide mixed with eugenol (ZOE) 5. ZOE mixed with formocresol (ZOE+FC) 6. Zinc oxide mixed with sterile water (ZnO+H2O) 7. ZOE mixed with chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (ZOE+CHX) 8. Kri paste 9. Vitapex paste 10. Vaseline (control) These materials were compared against microbial specimens obtained from 13 infected primary teeth by using an agar diffusion assay. The results suggest that the materials could be divided into three categories. Category I, with the strongest antibacterial effect included ZnO+CPC, Ca(OH)2+CPC, and ZOE+FC. Category II, with a medium antibacterial effect included ZOE+CHX, Kri, ZOE, and ZnO+H2O. Category III, with no or minimal antibacterial effect included Vitapex, Ca(OH)2+H2O, and Vaseline. There were no significant differences within each category, but there were significant differences between the categories. The one exception was the antibacterial effect of ZOE+FC which was not significantly different from ZOE+CHX, Kri, or ZOE.
Deepwater Wellbore Cleanup System (2010)

Abstract In deepwater and extended-reach wells, good system hydraulics are important for providing maximum annular velocity needed to prevent debris from settling on the low side of the hole. Historical data indicates that as much as 30% of nonproductive time during completions is the result of debris left in the wellbore. Wellbore cleaning systems are used to reduce nonproductive time by effectively removing that debris. A new system of deepwater wellbore cleanup tools has been developed, which features high torque and tensile ratings, new bearing technology for high rotation speeds, and bigger flow areas. New scraper and brush configurations are more durable and provide an improved method to clean the casing. A new magnet configuration can capture and retain a larger volume of debris. Additionally, a new filter configuration improves the ability to capture and filter debris. Multiple operations can be performed on a single run, thereby further reducing rig time. This is accomplished by running several high-performance tools that can scrape and brush the casing ID, collect and remove debris from the well, filter the wellbore fluid, and displace drilling fluids with completion fluids. These tool enhancements, which are implemented in this new suite of tools, improve reliability, reduce operational risk, and allow the tools to operate more efficiently as a system.
[Differences in the the EEG frequency characteristics during the perception of positive-emotional, negative-emotional and neutral words]. (1996)

Power spectral analysis of the theta- and alpha-rhythms was performed in narrow frequency bands (1 Hz) for EEGs recorded from F3, F4, C3, C4, T3, T4, P3, P4, O1, and O2 derivations in 9 healthy adults viewing emotionally positive, negative, and neutral words displayed on the screen. The relative spectral power in the 7-8 Hz band was higher during presentation of the emotionally significant words than the neutral ones. The EEG reaction to emotional words within this frequency range depended on the word valency. The relative power increase was revealed in the range of 7-7.5 Hz during presentation of emotionally positive stimuli. This reaction was most expressed in the frontal, central, and temporal cortical areas. During presentation of the negative words similar EEG reactions were observed within 7.5-8 Hz. In this case the frequency changes dominated in symmetrical frontal, right central, temporal, and parietal cortical areas.
Recommender systems in e-commerce (1999)

Recommender systems are changing from novelties used by a few E-commerce sites, to serious business tools that are re-shaping the world of E-commerce. Many of the largest commerce Web sites are already using recommender systems to help their customers find products to purchase. A recommender system learns from a customer and recommends products that she will find most valuable from among the available products. In this paper we present an explanation of how recommender systems help Ecommerce sites increase sales, and analyze six sites that use recommender systems including several sites that use more than one recommender system. Based on the examples, we create a taxonomy of recommender systems, including the interfaces they present to customers, the technologies used to create the recommendations, and the inputs they need from customers. We conclude with ideas for new applications of recommender systems to E-commerce.
<i>SOS1</i> is the second most common Noonan gene but plays no major role in cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (2007)

We have confirmed SOS1 as the second major gene for NS. Patients carrying mutations in this gene have a distinctive phenotype with frequent ectodermal anomalies such as keratosis pilaris and curly hair. However, the clinical picture associated with SOS1 mutations is different from that of CFCS. These findings corroborate that, despite being caused by gain-of-function mutations in molecules belonging to the same pathway, NS and CFCS scarcely overlap genotypically.