gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigens secreted from <b><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i></b>: Identification by proteomics approach and test for diagnostic marker (2004)

Tuberculosis caused by mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major infectious disease of the respiratory system. An early diagnosis followed by chemotherapy is the major control strategy. In an effort to identify the antigens suitable for immunodiagnosis and vaccines, the proteins secreted in a culture medium from the M. tuberculosis K-strain, which is the most prevalent among the clinical isolates in Korea and belongs to the Beijing family, were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) and compared with those from the M. tuberculosis H37Rv and CDC1551 strains. Eight proteins, Rv0652, Rv1636, Rv2818c, Rv3369, Rv3865, Rv0566c, MT3304, and Rv3160, were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) or liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and found to be relatively abundant in the culture medium from the M. tuberculosis K-strain but less so from the CDC1551 or H37Rv strains. In addition, Rv3874 (CFP-10), Rv-0560c and Rv3648c, which were expressed increasingly in the K and CDC1551 strains, were also identified using the same proteomics technology. All proteins were prepared by molecular cloning, expression in Escherichia coli followed by affinity purification. Among them, three proteins, rRv3369, rRv0566c, and rRv3874, were selected by prescreening and examined for their potential as serodiagnostic antigens using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. When 100 sera from tuberculosis patients and 100 sera from the healthy controls were analyzed, rRV3369, rRv3874, and rRv0566c showed a sensitivity of 60%, 74%, and 43%, and a specificity of 96%, 97%, and 84%, respectively. These results suggest that the rRv3369 and rRv3874 proteins, which were expressed more abundantly in the more recently obtained clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis than in the laboratory-adapted H37Rv strain, are promising for use in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis.
Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome: Prenatal diagnosis by quantification of cholesterol precursors in amniotic fluid (1995)

Until recently, the diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), an autosomal recessive malformation/mental retardation syndrome, was made on the basis of clinical criteria alone. As a result, prenatal diagnosis has been possible only if sonography disclosed distinct fetal malformations in a subsequent pregnancy. However, the recent description of increased levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol (cholesta-5,7-dien-3 beta-ol) in patients with SLOS, most likely caused by a deficiency of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid-delta 7-reductase, has provided an apparently reliable biochemical marker for diagnosis of SLOS. To determine if this abnormality of sterol metabolism has utility for prenatal diagnosis of SLOS, we measured the levels of neutral sterols in stored amniotic fluid samples from two SLOS pregnancies. In both cases, the diagnosis of SLOS was made in the neonatal period by clinical criteria and the finding of markedly increased levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol in plasma. Quantitative analysis by gas chromatography of sterols extracted from the amniotic fluid of both pregnancies revealed similar, markedly increased levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol and its precursor, lathosterol (cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol), both of which were undetectable in reference amniotic fluids. These findings suggest that abnormalities of cholesterol biosynthesis in SLOS may be sufficiently expressed in fetal life to permit prenatal diagnosis of this disorder by measurement of 7-dehydrocholesterol in amniotic fluid.
Lathe Turning of Titanium Using Pulsed Laser Deposited, Ultra‐Hard Boride Coatings of Carbide Inserts (2003)

Abstract Despite several years of research and development, titanium machining remains a challenging task that is currently carried out by the use of straight WC/Co and polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools. Commercially available coated tools tend to react chemically with titanium, while ceramic tools suffer from chipping and notching. Advancements in cutting tools, particularly coated carbides, are needed to reduce tool wear in machining of titanium alloys. In this work, a recently developed, ultra‐hard AlMgB14–20%TiB2 composite material was applied as a coating on WC/6%Co tool inserts by a pulsed laser (excimer) deposition technique. The coating was smooth, continuous, and fairly uniform in thickness. The average coating thickness was 0.7 μm for a deposition rate of 0.08 nm per pulse. Nanoindentation tests revealed that the hardness of the coating was approximately twice that of the WC/6%Co substrate. Dry machining tool wear tests, conducted with a CNC lathe by turning bar stocks of heat‐treated Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy, showed that the coated tools outperformed uncoated tools by about two times in flank and nose wears and performed nearly same as that of the commercially available TiAlN coated tool. Detailed analysis of worn tools revealed that the wear mechanisms are quite different in coated tools and are similar to those observed in PCD tools. Results agree well with the general observation that a stable, strong adherent layer forms at the interface between the tool and the chip and minimizes the dissolution–diffusion wear mechanism. Keywords: TitaniumMachiningLaserCoatingToolWear Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the National Science Foundation (NSF) for supporting this research work under grant DMI‐0084969. Thanks are also due Dr. Ashok Kumar, University of South Florida, for nanoindentation tests.
Isolation and Characterization of an Undifferentiated Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Line (MIP-101) (1987)

AbstractAn undifferentiated human colon carcinoma cell line was established from tumor tissue obtained from metastasis to the liver of colonic adenocarcinoma in a patient with fulminant Dukes D colorectal carcinoma. Histological analysis of the tumor biopsy from the liver confirmed the hospital pathology report of poorly differentiated colonic adenocarcinoma. Explants of this tumor tissue xenografted into a nude mouse were used to establish an epithelioid-like cell culture line, MIP-101. The cell line formed tumors in nude mice that hisologically appeared undifferentiated and did not stain for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). No CEA was present either by radio-immunoassay (RIA) of the culture supernatant or by immunoperoxidase staining of the tumors or monolayers. MIP-101 appears to be one of the most undifferentiated human colon carcinoma cells lines available. It should prove useful in the search for markers of undifferentiated colonic cancer and in studies of colonic cancer differentiation.
Study on the Tourism Industry Competitiveness of Nanyue Economic Zone (2013)

This paper analyzed the subjects of tourism development of Nanyue economic zone, such as production elements, demand status, related and supporting industries, enterprise, government and opportunities, and points out that the Nanyue economic zone tourism industry competitiveness support elements and restricting factors, and puts forward some countermeasures on how to improve the competitiveness of the industry of tourism Nanyue economic zone. Key words: Nanyue economic zone; Tourism industry; Competitiveness model
Cyber-Situational Crime Prevention and the Breadth of Cybercrimes among Higher Education Institutions (2020)

Academic institutions house enormous amounts of critical information from social security numbers of students to proprietary research data. Thus, maintaining up to date cybersecurity practices to protect academic institutions’ information and facilities against cyber-perpetrators has become a top priority. The purpose of this study is to assess common cybersecurity measures through a situational crime prevention (SCP) theoretical framework. Using a national data set of academic institutions in the United States, this study investigates the link between common cybersecurity measures, crime prevention activities, and cybercrimes. By focusing on the conceptualization of cybersecurity measures as SCP techniques, this study also offers the SCP approach as a framework by which universities can seek to reduce incidents of cybercrime through the design, maintenance, and use of the built environment in the digital realm. Implications for theory, research and practice are discussed.
German Multicenter Study Investigating<sup>177</sup>Lu-PSMA-617 Radioligand Therapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer Patients (2016)

The present retrospective multicenter study of <sup>177</sup>Lu-PSMA-617 RLT demonstrates favorable safety and high efficacy exceeding those of other third-line systemic therapies in mCRPC patients. Future phase II/III studies are warranted to elucidate the survival benefit of this new therapy in patients with mCRPC.
<i>CYP2B6</i> (c.516G→T) and <i>CYP2A6</i> (*9B and/or *17) polymorphisms are independent predictors of efavirenz plasma concentrations in HIV‐infected patients (2009)

Our findings support previous work showing efavirenz oxidation by CYP2A6, and suggest that both CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 genotyping may be useful for predicting efavirenz plasma concentrations.
Fiber-Optic Controlled PCSS Triggers for High Voltage Pulsed Power Switches (2005)

Triggers for high voltage (HV) switches have always been critical components for reliable, efficient pulsed power systems because they control the timing synchronization and amplitude variation of multiple pulse forming lines that combine to produce the total system output pulse. In pulsed power systems of the future, the role of trigger systems are even more critical as they trigger more components and produce shaped-pulses by independent timing of individual switches or switch groups. Conventional trigger systems require high voltage trigger cables or line-of-sight optics that complicate design, demand space, and require extensive maintenance. With electrical triggers, large diameter, high voltage transmission line cables must be fed through high field regions. With optical triggers, line-of-sight optics must focus high energy laser beams to the interior of the switches with clean, rigidly-mounted, shock- withstanding optics. This paper reports on efforts to develop fiber- optically triggered photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) to trigger high voltage switches with improved precision and eliminate the need for large- diameter trigger cables or line-of-sight optics. These triggers simplify design because their optical-isolation allows them to "float" with the switches that they trigger and have truly independent EMP-free timing control over 200 micron diameter optical fibers. They improve the performance of prime power switches, diverters, and diagnostics because their low-jitter sub-nanosecond rise times are more precise and more easily adjusted than conventional trigger sources. For pulse charged switches, the PCSS triggers can generally derive their trigger energy from the stray fields of the high voltage switch. Test results will be presented that have demonstrated 100 ps r-m-s jitter from a 40 kV, 500 ps rise time, PCSS- triggered 300 kV trigatron gas gap. PCSS design requirements, switching properties, and trade-offs for building high voltage trigger systems will also be described based on many previous experiments with PCSS technology. Results from PCSS Blumlein and PCSS capacitive discharge pulsers will be discussed along with the designs to use these pulsers to trigger both DC and pulse charged high voltage switches.
Complexion of Boric Acid with 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (DG) as a novel boron carrier for BNCT (2014)

Objective: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an intensive research area for cancer researchers. Especially the side effects and inabilities of conventional therapies in some cases, directs researchers to find out a new cancer therapy methods such as BNCT. One of three important problem of BNCT is targeting of boron to tumor tissue. Borono Phenyl Alanine (BPA) and Borono Sodium Borocaptate (BSH) are already using in clinical studies as boron carriers. New boron carriers are searching for high yield boron accumulation in the tumor tissue. Methods: In this study, a novel 10B carrier was synthesized, ((2R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)boronic acid ( 10B-DG), for BNCT studies. 10Boric Acid and 2-Deoxy-d-Glucose was complexed ( 10B-DG) through a low-high pH reaction and yield of complexion was tested with FTIR ATR and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). Results: Confirmation studies have been carried out by HPLC and chromatograms have confirmed that Borono-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose synthesized with % 80 yield. Conclusions: This compound appears to be an alternative boron carrier for BNCT applications
Precision synchronous polarimeter with linear response for the measurement of small rotation angles (2000)

A synchronous polarimeter was set up for the measurement of small rotation angles of the polarization plane of light. The polarimeter is based on a polarizer-Faraday modulator-analyzer structure with a synchronous detection scheme, which produces a linear system response. The theoretical background is studied, and the system performance is investigated experimentally. We achieved an accuracy of the order of 10(-4) deg, or 5 mg/dl of glucose in a 1-cm light path.
Synergy of Azlocillin and Mezlocillin Combined With Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Cephalosporins (1978)

Synergistic activity between both azlocillin and mezlocillin and aminoglycosides or cefazolin could be demonstrated by checkerboard dilution, isobologram, and killing curve techniques. Azlocillin and mezlocillin combined with gentamicin, netilmicin, or amikacin were synergistic against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia, and indole-positive Proteus. Synergy was observed with isolates that were susceptible or resistant to azlocillin or mezlocillin. Synergy was seen most often when azlocillin or mezlocillin were combined with amikacin, gentamicin, or netilmicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The combination of mezlocillin and an aminoglycoside produced synergy more often than did carbenicillin plus an aminoglycoside. No antagonism was seen when aminoglycoside antibiotics were combined with azlocillin or mezlocillin. Cefazolin was synergistic against Pseudomonas, Providencia, P. mirabilis, indole-positive Proteus, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, and Escherichia coli, when combined with azlocillin or mezlocillin. However, the combination of either agent with cefazolin was antagonistic when tested against selected indole-positive Proteus and Enterobacter isolates.
Critical care workforce* (2008)

Unless the training structure changes, the worsening shortage of intensivists will precipitate a crisis, resulting in the disintegration of critical care delivery in the United States.
Hybrid Protein−Lipid Patterns from Aluminum Templates (2006)

An aqueous aluminum liftoff process suitable for fabrication of hybrid patterns of protein and supported lipid membrane on silica surfaces is described. Patterned aluminum thin films, which can be produced by conventional optical or electron beam lithography, are employed as sacrificial protecting layers to define the geometry of the protein-lipid patterns. The aluminum is lifted off in a mildly basic aqueous solution, which preserves the integrity of bound protein layers. The newly exposed substrate can then be filled with supported membrane by exposure to an aqueous vesicle suspension. The final substrate consists of patterned protein and lipid membranes with spatial resolution determined by aluminum patterns, down to 200 nm line widths in this case. Inorganic surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy while supported bilayers and protein patterns were characterized by epifluorescence microscopy.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group M Protease in Cameroon: Genetic Diversity and Protease Inhibitor Mutational Features (2002)

To establish a baseline for monitoring resistance to protease inhibitors (PIs) and examining the efficacy of their use among persons in Cameroon infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we analyzed genetic variability and PI resistance-associated substitutions in PCR-amplified protease (PR) sequences in strains isolated from 110 HIV-1-infected, drug-naïve Cameroonians. Of the 110 strains, 85 were classified into six HIV-1 PR subtypes, A (n = 1), B (n = 1), F (n = 4), G (n = 7), H (n = 1), and J (n = 7), and a circulating recombinant form, CRF02-AG (n = 64). PR genes from the remaining 25 (23%) specimens were unclassifiable, whereas 2% (7 of 301) unclassifiable PR sequences were reported for a global collection. Two major PI resistance-associated mutations, 20M and 24I, were detected in strains from only two specimens, whereas secondary mutations were found in strains from all samples except one strain of subtype B and two strains of CRF02-AG. The secondary mutations showed the typical PI resistance-associated pattern for non-subtype B viruses in both classifiable and unclassifiable PR genes, with 36I being the predominant (99%) mutation, followed by 63P (18%), 20R (15%), 77I (13%), and 10I or 10V (11%). Of these mutations, dual and triple PI resistance-associated substitutions were found in 38% of all the Cameroonian strains. Compared with classifiable PR sequences, unclassifiable sequences had significantly more dual and triple substitutions (64% versus 30%; P = 0.004). Phenotypic and clinical evaluations are needed to estimate whether PI resistance during antiretroviral drug treatment occurs more rapidly in individuals infected with HIV-1 strains harboring multiple PI resistance-associated substitutions. This information may be important for determination of appropriate drug therapies for HIV-1-infected persons in Cameroon, where more than one-third of HIV-1 strains were found to carry dual and triple minor PI resistance-associated mutations.
A new agenda for user participation: reconsidering the old Scandinavian prescription (1994)

A considerable degree of user participation is found in current system development and implementation projects i Scandinavia. Obviously, there is a strong belief in the necessity of user participation. Still, practitioners and researchers face severe problems in defining the right way of involvement. Still, there is a lack of convincing empirical evidence concerning the rela tionship between user participation and systems success. In this article we argue that participation is of little use if the agenda excludes organizational issues. If only technical options are discussed, fundamental problems in the organization may remain unsolved.\nPartly based on empirical findings from a comparative Danish study, this article analyzes how participation may change with the changing relations between user, user organization and IS-professionals. We find that the useful ness of participation is highly dependent on user type and organizational function. Different projects require different agendas and participants. In some cases indirect users are the most important when it comes to fundamen tal improvements, and they are often excluded from participation.\nWe propose a framework that explicitly focuses on the process from problem to issue on the agenda and we conclude that it is time to change the agenda for user participation. To help in clarifying the emerging roles of users and IS-professionals, the research agenda may be changed as well.
GABA<sub>A</sub> and GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors on neocortical neurons are differentially distributed (2001)

The distribution of functional neurotransmitter receptors on the surface of neurons is highly relevant for synaptic transmission and signal processing. To map functional GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors on the somadendritic membrane of rat neocortical layer V pyramidal neurons we used patch-clamp recording in combination with infrared-guided laser stimulation to release gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) photolytically. The data strongly suggest that relatively more GABA(A) receptors are located at the apical dendrite and relatively more GABA(B) receptors near the soma. Such a specific distribution of GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors may serve to compensate for differences in electrotonic voltage attenuation between GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs).
Opacity and plasmonic properties of Ag embedded glass based metamaterials (2015)

Opacity variations with increasing annealing temperatures in Ag<sup>+</sup>-exchange soda-lime glass.
Activation, Inhibition, and pH‐Dependence of the Hydrolysis of α‐<i>N</i>‐Benzoyl‐<scp>l</scp>‐Arginine Ethyl Ester Catalyzed by Kallikrein from Porcine Pancreas (1968)

Kallikrein from porcine pancreas is inhibited by heavy metal ions and activated by sulfhydryl compounds or chelating agents. This activation is interpreted as a reversal of heavy metal inhibition. From the experiments the conclusion is drawn that kallikrein is neither a “sulfhydryl protease” nor a metal‐dependent protease. The pH dependency of the hydrolysis of α‐ N ‐benzoyl‐ l ‐arginine ethyl ester by kallikrein at low substrate concentrations indicates three basic groups with pK 7.9 and 5.7 in the free enzyme and pK 6.9 in the enzyme‐substrate complex which participate in catalysis. This pH‐dependence resembles trypsin‐ and especially cholinesterase‐catalyzed hydrolyses. From the most alkaline pK value the participation of an amino group and from the other pK values the participation of a histidine residue in kallikrein‐catalyzed hydrolysis is inferred.
New polarimetry for fully-distributed optical-fibre strain and temperature sensing (2000)

Fully-distributed optical-fibre sensing (FDOFS) systems are developing rapidly and are offering significant advantages for measurement functions in a variety of structural applications, especially in the oil, power supply and aerospace industries. Polarization techniques are well established in FDOFS. However, a major problem has been that of determining, in backscatter, the full polarization properties of a monomode optical fibre, as a function of position along the fibre, with some specified spatial resolution. This paper presents a new technique for providing this full information, and thus for measuring the distribution of any parameter, external to the fibre, which can modify its polarization behaviour. As a result, for example, it becomes possible to measure simultaneously the distributions of temperature and of the full strain field, comprising, in the latter case, the longitudinal and the two transverse components of strain, plus the shear (or differential transverse) strain. Magnetic and electric field measurements also become more readily accessible. The technique comprises a conceptual extension of POTDR, and necessitates on-line processing. Details of the physical principles, the algorithms and the polarimetry are presented, together with results illustrating the measurement accuracies which can be achieved. The potential for further development, and application to both distributed sensing in smart structures and to PMD diagnostics in optical telecommunications, are reviewed. (22 References).
Therapeutic implications of an enriched cancer stem-like cell population in a human osteosarcoma cell line (2012)

MNNG/HOS osteosarcoma cells contain a stem-like cell population relatively resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents and irradiation. This resistant phenotype appears to be related with some stem features, namely the high expression of the drug efflux transporters P-glycoprotein and BCRP and their quiescent nature, which may provide a biological basis for resistance to therapy and recurrence commonly observed in osteosarcoma.