gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds as Water Channel Blockers (2006)

Excessive water uptake through Aquaporins (AQP) can be life-threatening and reversible AQP inhibitors are needed. Here, we determined the specificity, potency, and binding site of tetraethylammonium (TEA) to block Aquaporin water permeability. Using oocytes, externally applied TEA blocked AQP1/AQP2/AQP4 with IC50 values of 1.4, 6.2, and 9.8 microM, respectively. Related tetraammonium compounds yielded some (propyl) or no (methyl, butyl, or pentyl) inhibition. TEA inhibition was lost upon a Tyr to Phe amino acid switch in the external water pore of AQP1/AQP2/AQP4, whereas the water permeability of AQP3 and AQP5, which lack a corresponding Tyr, was not blocked by TEA. Consistent with experimental data, multi-nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations showed one stable binding site for TEA, but not tetramethyl (TMA), in AQP1, resulting in a nearly 50% water permeability inhibition, which was reduced in AQP1-Y186F due to effects on the TEA inhibitory binding region. Moreover, in the simulation TEA interacted with charged residues in the C (Asp128) and E (Asp185) loop, and the A(Tyr37-Asn42-Thr44) loop of the neighboring monomer, but not directly with Tyr186. The loss of TEA inhibition in oocytes expressing properly folded AQP1-N42A or -T44A is in line with the computationally predicted binding mode. Our data reveal that the molecular interaction of TEA with AQP1 differs and is about 1000-fold more effective on AQPs than on potassium channels. Moreover, the observed experimental and simulated similarities open the way for rational design and virtual screening for AQP-specific inhibitors, with quaternary ammonium compounds in general, and TEA in particular as a lead compound.
Targeting the Hedgehog signaling pathway in cancer: beyond Smoothened (2015)

An essential role for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in human cancer has been established beyond doubt. At present, targeting Hh signaling has mainly been investigated with SMO inhibitors. Unfortunately, resistance against currently used SMO inhibitors has already been observed in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) patients. Therefore, the use of Hh inhibitors targeting the signaling cascade more downstream of SMO could represent a more promising strategy. Furthermore, besides the classical canonical way of Hh signaling activation, non-canonical activation of the GLI transcription factors by multiple important signaling pathways (e.g. MAPK, PI3K, TGFβ) has also been described, pinpointing the importance of targeting the transcription factors GLI1/2. The most promising agent in this context is probably the GLI1/2 inhibitor GANT61 which has been investigated preclinically in numerous tumor types in the last few years. In this review, the emerging role of Hh signaling in cancer is critically evaluated focusing on the potential of targeting Hh signaling more downstream of SMO, i.e. at the level of the GLI transcription factors. Furthermore, the working mechanism and therapeutic potential of the most extensively studied GLI inhibitor in human cancer, i.e. GANT61, is discussed in detail. In conclusion, GANT61 appears to be highly effective against human cancer cells and in xenograft mouse models, targeting almost all of the classical hallmarks of cancer and could hence represent a promising treatment option for human cancer.
Pyroelectric effects in PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) (2002)

The pyroelectric effects of PVDF and of the 50/50 P(VDF-TrFE) (polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymers have been investigated. A novel experimental method is described which enables the simultaneous measurement of the static and dynamic pyroelectric coefficient on the same sample within one single temperature scan. Static measurements with partially clamped samples showed a significant piezoelectric contribution to the pyroelectric coefficient.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Micro-pixellated flip-chip InGaN and AlInGaN light-emitting diodes (2007)

Fip-chip GaN-based micro-LED arrays have been fabricated consisting of 256 (16 × 16) micropixels, each of diameter 72μm. Output characteristics are compared to broad-area reference LED devices fabricated from the same wafers.
Cell-penetrating peptides in model membrane systems : Interaction, structure induction and membrane effects (2004)

Despite continuing advances in the development of macromolecules, including peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides, for therapeutic purposes, the successful application of these hydrophilic molec ...
Nutrient-induced secretion and metabolic effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 (1996)

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Donor-Specific Allograft Tolerance by Administration of Recipient-Derived Immature Dendritic Cells and Suboptimal Immunosuppression (2005)

We recently showed that injection of recipient-type immature bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (iBMDCs) the day before transplantation induced a significant prolongation of allograft survival. This study aimed at improving the administration protocol to induce allograft tolerance. Various amounts of iBMDCs were administered to syngeneic LEW.1A rats before and after transplantation of an allogeneic LEW.1W heart, with or without additional suboptimal immunosuppression. Allograft survival was not improved by repeated injections of syngeneic iBMDCs or by additional treatment with low-dose rapamycin. Combining injections of iBMDCs and LF 15-0195 showed a striking synergistic effect and induced definitive allograft acceptance in 92% of recipients. Tolerant recipients accepted donor-type, but not third-party type skin grafts, suggesting the development of regulatory mechanisms capable of maintaining donor-specific tolerance. The reported findings may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies to induce transplantation tolerance in humans.
Dynamic wavelength tuning characteristics of the 1.5-μm three-section DBR lasers: analysis and experiment (1995)

We present a detailed theoretical analysis of the static and dynamic tuning characteristics of 1.55-/spl mu/m region three-section tunable DBR lasers under discrete tuning and under continuous tuning. We have analyzed the oscillating wavelength, the Bragg wavelength, and output power characteristics using the rate equation that considers the thermal effect, simultaneously analyzed the heat transfer equation, considering the heat transfer among passive waveguides, the LD chip, the submount, and the heat sink. We experimentally confirm the static and dynamic wavelength tuning characteristics using a highly accurate heterodyne measurement system. Static and dynamic characteristics simulated using the three-section DBR laser model and the thermal model agree with the experimental results presented in this paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Ab initio</i>calculations of electronic excitations: Collapsing spectral sums (2010)

We present a method for the evaluation of electronic excitations of advanced materials by reformulating spectral sum-over-states expressions such that only occupied states appear. All empty states are accounted for by one effective energy. Thus we keep the simplicity and precision of the sum-over-states approach while speeding up calculations by more than an order of magnitude. We demonstrate its power by applying it to the $GW$ method, where a huge summation over empty states appears twice (screening and self-energy). The precision is shown for bulk Si and solid and atomic Ar. We then use it to determine the band gap of the technologically important oxide ${\text{SnO}}_{2}$.
Efficient storage management for distributed storage system (2011)

As storage systems grow larger and more complex, the traditional block-based file systems cannot satisfy the large workload. More recent distributed file systems have adopted architectures based on object-based storage. This paper presents a framework of efficient storage management for distributed storage system. In object storage side, low-level storage tasks and data distribution must be managed and in metadata server side, we will manage how to scale the metadata. Due to the high space efficiency and fast query response, bloom filters have been widely utilized in recent storage systems. So, we will also utilize bloom-filter based approach to manage metadata by taking the advantages of bloom-filter and the semantic-based scheme will also be used to narrow the managed workload. In this paper, we will neglect the data distribution of object-based storage side.
Photoreceptor charging mechanism by conductive particle rubbing and application to a novel electrophotographic printing technology (1988)

A photoreceptor charging method by rubbing with magnetic conductive particles has been reported. In this paper, the charging mechanism of particle charging is further discussed. The different mechanisms involved in particle charging and corona charging are investigated in a-Se. It is shown that captured charges for particle charging exist near the surface from a comparison of the relative sensitivities between the two charging methods. The trap depth of trapped charges (holes) is roughly to be estimated between 0.8 and 0.9 eV. It is also verified that the particle charging method can be used to charge insulative film. As an application of the described particle charging method, a novel electrophotographic printing technology is proposed.
Solid-phase epitaxy of amorphous Si using single-crystalline Si nanowire seed templates (2007)

We report solid-phase epitaxy of amorphous Si (a-Si) shells using crystalline Si (c-Si) nanowire cores as seed templates. The c-Si core/a-Si shell nanowire heterostructures were in situ synthesized via a two-step chemical vapor deposition: the Au-catalytic decomposition of SiH4 for the core c-Si nanowires and the subsequent homogeneous decomposition of SiH4 at higher temperatures for the a-Si shells. Upon thermal annealing above 600°C, the a-Si shells crystallize into c-Si shells from c-Si core nanowires in an epitaxial fashion. We discuss the crystallization kinetics of a-Si shells within the frame of Gibbs-Thomson effects arising from the finite size of nanowire seeds.
A Novel Conditional Access Architecture for TV Service Protection (2007)

In broad TV network, the broadcasting will coexist with interactive services in a single set-top-box (STB) device and the traditional unidirectional conditional access system (CAS) in DVB can't be adapted to the variation. The dual-CAS is designed based on a double layer security scheme proposed in this paper to implement the authentication and access control, key updates between servers and STBs. In the dual-CAS, on the one hand, the layering user agent mechanism is established in STBs to provide transparent streaming security service to upper applications. On the other hand, the dual layer security scheme is designed to protect the ECM transmission, and master key management scheme is used to enhance the security and the system flexibility. In addition, two types of watermark are also involved in the dual-CAS, fingerprint watermark for piracy tracing, legality watermark for conditional playing. Contrast with the traditional DVB CAS, the dual-CAS architecture proposed in this paper is more flexibility and secure.
Characterization of embedded passives using macromodels in LTCC technology (1998)

This paper discusses the frequency and time domain response of embedded passive components in a multilayered structure fabricated using low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. A rational polynomial approximation that combines the accuracy of EM solvers with interpolation methods has been used to capture the frequency dependent losses and parasitics of embedded passives in a macro-model. This method allows for a significant speed-up in computation time while using commercial EM solvers. The macromodel with suitable modification has been used to compute the time domain response in SPICE for typical embedded passive structures. Simulation results show good correlation with time domain reflectometry/time-domain-transmission (TDR/TDT) measurements. The behavior of embedded passives in the high frequency operation of transmission lines and voltage divider networks has also been discussed.
Sheet Incremental Forming: Advantages of Robotised Cells vs. CNC Machines (2006)

The incremental forming of metal sheet parts can be an interesting alternative to manual forging of prototypes and pre-series blanks or to the manufacturing of shells for resin dies used for the production of small batches. Such characteristics of small-volume production would call for an increase in the level of flexibility and automation, possibly leading to the use of CNC machines or robotised cells able to produce or complete the parts. In particular, the use of robotised cells, with automatic tool change, can dramatically reduce the process time since on the same fixture it is possible to deform the part, cut the part, bend or flange the borders, load/unload the part, etc. The present contribution has described the crossed experiments performed at the Polytechnic University of Marche in Ancona and at the Universities of Brescia and Bergamo to assess the feasibility of the automated processing by using both a traditional CNC machine and an industrial robot. It is noted that the research and industrial processes of incremental forming realised so far have ever used 3-axes CNC milling machines, apart from the hammering process patented by the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation of Stuttgart (Shaefer & Schraft, 2005). Unfortunately the conventional serial robots do not have the required stiffness and are not able to apply the necessary forces to deform incrementally the blank, but the rather new family of parallel robots has characteristics similar to CNC machining centres, while still keeping the versatility of a robot. The complex kinematics of the machine needed the development of a special purpose simulation environment to design beforehand the experiments and assess their feasibility. The necessary force at tool tip has been evaluated both analytically, with a simplified approach based on a plane strain state, and numerically,
Clinical use of cisapride and its risk-benefit in paediatric patients (1998)

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on cisapride in different clinical conditions in children: different manifestations of gastro-oesophageal reflux, such as (excessive) regurgitation, oesophagitis, chronic respiratory disease or uncontrolled asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic dyspepsia, constipation and pseudo-obstruction, and as an aid to small bowel capsule-biopsy. It discusses, in depth, the safety profile of cisapride in paediatric patients.
Mannose-Binding Lectin in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection (2005)

Little is known about the innate immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) infection. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a key molecule in innate immunity, functions as an ante-antibody before the specific antibody response. Here, we describe a case-control study that included 569 patients with SARS and 1188 control subjects and used in vitro assays to investigate the role that MBL plays in SARS-CoV infection. The distribution of MBL gene polymorphisms was significantly different between patients with SARS and control subjects, with a higher frequency of haplotypes associated with low or deficient serum levels of MBL in patients with SARS than in control subjects. Serum levels of MBL were also significantly lower in patients with SARS than in control subjects. There was, however, no association between MBL genotypes, which are associated with low or deficient serum levels of MBL, and mortality related to SARS. MBL could bind SARS-CoV in a dose- and calcium-dependent and mannan-inhibitable fashion in vitro, suggesting that binding is through the carbohydrate recognition domains of MBL. Furthermore, deposition of complement C4 on SARS-CoV was enhanced by MBL. Inhibition of the infectivity of SARS-CoV by MBL in fetal rhesus kidney cells (FRhK-4) was also observed. These results suggest that MBL contributes to the first-line host defense against SARS-CoV and that MBL deficiency is a susceptibility factor for acquisition of SARS.
Independent Component Analysis Involving Autocorrelated Sources With an Application to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2011)

Independent component analysis (ICA) is an effective data-driven method for blind source separation. It has been successfully applied to separate source signals of interest from their mixtures. Most existing ICA procedures are carried out by relying solely on the estimation of the marginal density functions, either parametrically or nonparametrically. In many applications, correlation structures within each source also play an important role besides the marginal distributions. One important example is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis where the brain-function-related signals are temporally correlated. In this article, we consider a novel approach to ICA that fully exploits the correlation structures within the source signals. Specifically, we propose to estimate the spectral density functions of the source signals instead of their marginal density functions. This is made possible by virtue of the intrinsic relationship between the (unobserved) sources and the (observed) mixed signals. Our methodology is described and implemented using spectral density functions from frequently used time series models such as autoregressive moving average (ARMA) processes. The time series parameters and the mixing matrix are estimated via maximizing the Whittle likelihood function. We illustrate the performance of the proposed method through extensive simulation studies and a real fMRI application. The numerical results indicate that our approach outperforms several popular methods including the most widely used fastICA algorithm. This article has supplementary material online.
Optical Amplification and Signal Processing in Highly Nonlinear Optical Fiber (2005)

Fundamentals of parametric processing in highly nonlinear optical fiber are reviewed. Experimental procedures necessary for construction of one- and two-pump parametric amplifier architectures are described. Pump phase broadening, dispersion fluctuation and birefringence form basic impairment mechanisms in fiber parametric devices and are analyzed in two-pump parametric devices. Parametric signal processing is introduced with specific applications in all-optical regeneration, band conjugation, multicasting, packet switching and signal distortion reversal.
Identification of a Family of Closely Related Human Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzymes (1995)

Two very closely related human E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes, UbfH5B and UbcH5C, have been identified. These enzymes are products of distinct genes and are 88-89% identical in amino acid sequence to the recently described human E2, UbcH5 (now designated UbcH5A), UbcH5A-C are homologous to a family of five ubiquitin conjugating enzymes from Arabidopsis thaliana, AtUBC8-12. They are also closely related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae ScUBC4 and ScUBC5, which are involved in the stress response, and play a central role in the targeting of short-lived regulatory proteins for degradation. mRNAs encoding UbcH5A-C were co-expressed in all cell lines and tissues evaluated, with UbcH5C transcripts generally expressed at the highest levels. Analysis of Southern blots suggests that there are likely to be other related members of this family. Both UbcH5B and UbcH5C form thiol ester adducts with ubiquitin, and have activities similar to UbcH5A and AtUBC8 in the conjugation of ubiquitin to target proteins in the presence of the human ubiquitin protein ligase E6-AP. These results establish the existence of a highly conserved, and widely expressed, family of human ubiquitin conjugating enzymes.
Mot de la directrice de la revue (2002)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>The <i>National Cancer Patient Experience Surveys</i> (NCPES) began in 2010, after the 2007 'Cancer Reform Strategy' set out a commitment to establish a new survey programme. The NCPES is intended to be a vehicle enabling and supporting quality improvement in the NHS and has been used by national bodies, NHS Hospitals, specialist cancer teams, and national and condition specific charities to improve services for patients. It is designed to monitor national progress on cancer care and to help gather vital information on the Transforming Inpatient Care Programme, the National Cancer Survivorship Initiative and the National Cancer Equality Initiative. An Advisory Group was set up for the NCPES with the National Cancer Director, professionals, voluntary sector representatives, academics and patient survey experts. The Group agreed on the following guiding principles and objectives:<ul><li>a standard national survey tool was to be used</li><li>surveys would be conducted at Trust level and identify cancer groups</li><li>the survey would cover all cancers and include the whole care pathway</li><li>the survey should use the word 'cancer' unlike the 2000 and 2004 surveys</li><li>the survey focus would be on patients (rather than carers)</li><li>the data would be used for benchmarking performance across Trusts and by cancer groups where numbers allow</li><li>the data would be used to inform national and local policy</li><li>the data would be made publicly available whilst observing patient data protection requirements and maintaining confidentiality.</li></ul> The survey is intended to be a vehicle enabling and supporting quality improvement in the NHS and has been used by national bodies, NHS Hospitals, specialist cancer teams, and national and condition specific charities to improve services for patients. <br> <br>The NCPES has been replicated in Wales (see SN 7510), Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, parts of Australia, and the Middle East. Further information can be found on the Quality Health Limited <a href="http://www.quality-health.co.uk/surveys/national-cancer-patient-experience-survey" title="National Cancer Patient Experience Survey">National Cancer Patient Experience Survey</a> webpage and the <a href="https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/statistical-work-areas/cancer-patient-experience-survey" title="NHS England Cancer Patient Experience Survey">NHS England Cancer Patient Experience Survey</a> webpage.<br> <br> <b>2010-2015 surveys temporarily withdrawn</b><br> The data for the 2010-2014 surveys were temporarily withdrawn at the request of the depositor in October 2015. The 2015 data (SN 8163 and the Special Licence version, SN 8164)  were temporarily withdrawn at the request of the depositor in February 2020.<br> <br>
The Relief of the Rosensweig Instability -- a Quantitative Comparison between Experiment and Numerical Simulation (2006)

The normal field instability in magnetic liquids is investigated experimentally by means of a radioscopic measurement technique which is capable to determine the surface relief quantitatively. The dependance of the relief on the magnetic field is compared to results obtained by numerical simulations via the finite element method. Quantitative agreement has been found for the critical field of the instability, the scaling of the pattern amplitude and the detailed shape of the magnetic spikes. Over 90 % of the shape turns out to be contained in the fundamental fourier mode within a 40 % range of the control parameter of this subcritical bifurcation. The measured control parameter dependance of the wavenumber differs qualitatively from the analytical prediction. 1.