gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
XPS of sulphide mineral surfaces: metal-deficient, polysulphides, defects and elemental sulphur (1999)

This paper reviews evidence for the assignments of components of the S 2p XPS spectra from sulphide mineral surfaces under different conditions of preparation, oxidation and reaction. Evidence from other techniques confirming assignment of high-binding-energy S 2p components to metal-deficient sulphide surfaces, polysulphides, elemental sulphur and electronic defect structures is considered for specific cases. Reliable assignment of S 2p3/2 components at 163.6–164.0 eV to elemental sulphur Sn0 can be confirmed by evaporative loss at 295 K and/or observation of S–S bonding by x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), x-ray diffraction or vibrational spectroscopy. Assignment to polysulphides Sn2− at 162.0–163.6 eV requires confirmation of S–S bonding by XAFS or vibrational spectroscopy. Metal-deficient lattices can be represented as electronic defects (e.g. vacancies) or restructured surface phases confirmed by diffraction or XAFS evidence. High-binding-energy S 2p3/2 components can also result from Cu(I) substitution into ZnS with associated oxidation of sulphur as electronic defect sites without S–S bonding, metal deficiency or restructuring. This assignment is confirmed by XAFS evidence. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hypertext module for teaching user interface design (1993)

article A hypertext module for teaching user interface design Share on Author: Martin L. Barrett Computer Science Department, Penn State Harrisburg, 777 W Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA Computer Science Department, Penn State Harrisburg, 777 W Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCSE BulletinVolume 25Issue 1March 1993 pp 107–111https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169359Online:01 March 1993Publication History 4citation191DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads191Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Particle Characteristics and Analysis Using the Laser-Based Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) and Statistical Method (2009)

Particle characterization is an important component in product research and development, manufacturing, and quality control of particulate materials. In this article a laser-based phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) was used to measure particle size and velocity. Two different particles, humid particles and fog particles, were tested using the PDPA. Several tests were conducted under different conditions and all data were analyzed using the statistical method and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to see which factor affects particle performance. The humid particle flow rate has a significant effect on both the particle mean diameter and the particle mean velocity with 90% confidence. The type of oil particle has a significant effect on the particle mean velocity with 90% confidence.
Online Detection and Prevention of Phishing Attacks (Invited Paper) (2006)

isanewtypeofnetwork attack wherethe attacker creates areplica ofanexisting Web pagetofool users (e.g., byusingspecially designed e-mails orinstant messages) intosubmitting personal, financial, orpassword datatowhat theythinkistheir service provides' Web site. Inthis paper, we propose a newend-host basedanti-phishing algorithm, which we callLinkGuard, byutilizing thegeneric characteristics of thehyperlinks inphishing attacks. Thesecharacteristics are derived byanalyzing thephishing dataarchive provided bythe Anti-Phishing WorkingGroup(APWG).Because itisbasedon thegeneric characteristics ofphishing attacks, LinkGuard can detect notonlyknownbutalsounknownphishing attacks. We haveimplemented LinkGuard inWindowsXP.Ourexperiments verified thatLinkGuard iseffective todetect andprevent both knownandunknownphishing attacks withminimal false negatives. LinkGuard successfully detects 195outofthe203phishing attacks. Ourexperiments alsoshowedthatLinkGuard islightweighted andcandetect andprevent phishing attacks inrealtime. IndexTerms-Networksecurity, Phishing attacks, Hyperlink, LinkGuard algorithm. I.INTRODUCTION Theword'Phishing' initially emerged in1990s. Theearly hackers often use'ph' toreplace 'f'toproduce newwordsin thehacker's community, since theyusually hackbyphones. Phishing isanewwordproduced from'fishing', itrefers to theactthattheattacker allure users tovisit a faked Web site bysending themfaked e-mails (orinstant messages), and stealthily getvictim's personal information suchasusername, password, andnational security ID,etc.Theseinformation thencanbeusedforfuture target advertisements oreven identity theft attacks (e.g., transfer moneyfromvictims' bank account).
Room-temperature luminescence of excitons in ZnO/(Mg, Zn)O multiple quantum wells on lattice-matched substrates (2000)

We report on the optical properties of ZnO/(Mg, Zn)O multiple quantum wells (MQWs) on lattice-matched ScAlMgO4 substrates fabricated by laser molecular-beam epitaxy. As the well layer thickness decreased down to 7 Å, the photoluminescence (PL) and absorption peaks showed a systematic blueshift, consistent with the quantum-size effect. Moreover, a bright PL of free excitons could be observed even at room temperature. As a result, the PL could be tuned in the energy range of 3.3–3.6 eV by choosing the appropriate barrier height and well layer thickness. The widest tunability on the room-temperature luminescence of the excitons could be attained on the basis of the ZnO quantum structure. These favorable properties could not be attained in the MQWs on lattice-mismatched sapphire substrates.
Emulsion procedures for thermally reversible covalent crosslinking of polymers (2000)

Quaternization and dequaternization of tertiary amine compounds were employed to obtain thermally reversible ionene networks from aqueous colloidal polymer dispersions prepared via emulsion polymerization. Chlorine-functionalized polymers prepared via the emulsion copolymerization of styrene (St), butylacrylate (BA), or both with chloromethylstyrene, and amino-functionalized polymers prepared via the emulsion copolymerization of St, BA, or both with 2-(dimethylamino)ethylacrylate or 4-vinylpyridine, were reacted without polymer separation, with a ditertiaryamine crosslinker and a dihalide crosslinker, respectively, to obtain crosslinked polymers. Crosslinked polymers were also obtained via the reaction of a chlorine-functionalized polymer dispersion with an amino-functionalized polymer dispersion or via the drying of the polymer blend prepared from the two kinds of dispersions. Reactive solubility experiments, flowability investigations (by thermocompression at ca. 215 °C), IR, and 1H NMR analyses of the obtained crosslinked polymers indicated that the generated ionene bridges dequaternized on heating and requaternized on cooling. In comparison with solution crosslinking, no organic solvent was employed, and simple procedures were required for the preparation of the thermally reversible covalent crosslinked polymers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4373–4384, 2000
Accumulation of Stimulants of Toll‐Like Receptor (TLR)‐2 and TLR4 in Meat Products Stored at 5 °C (2011)

The novel assays presented in this work could be used to predict the potential of foodstuffs to promote inflammatory signaling in human subjects, which may be deleterious to health. These assays may also be used to monitor the historical microbial flora in food products after cooking or other forms of food processing may have rendered the original microflora nonviable.
Editor’s Letter (2016)

1. Brian R. Bruce 1. Editor-in-Chief We begin this issue with a discussion by Pereiro regarding the beta space as a powerful way to map the investment strategies of semi-diversified investors. Next, De Jong and Palkar discuss whether the long-term volatility anomaly is a function of risk
INVESTIGATION OF DOMINANT FREQUENCIES IN TRANSITION REYNOLDS NUMBER RANGE OF FLOW AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER PARTI： EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN VORTEX SHEDDING AND TRANSITION FREQUENCIES (2006)

在圆形的柱体附近的流动的全面热电线调查被执行在一 18 “在停滞调查主导的频率的 X 18' 风隧道，分离并且分开砍在转变雷纳兹数字的层变化。实验的 Themajority 在 4.5 X 10 ~ 的雷纳兹数字被执行 4，与在 2.9 X 10 ~ 的雷纳兹数字的另外的转变频率测试 4， 3.3 X 10 ~ 4 和 9.7 X 10 ~ 4respectively。结果以力量被分析光谱密度。当与停滞联系的频率被发现是时实质上由于旋涡流，频率加倍旋涡流也是明显的在分开砍层。与转变频率联系的二座山峰被检测，他们的可能的含意被介绍。
Cutting Edge: <i>Dab2</i> Is a FOXP3 Target Gene Required for Regulatory T Cell Function (2009)

FOXP3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells are vital for maintaining peripheral T cell tolerance and homeostasis. The mechanisms by which FOXP3 target genes orchestrate context-dependent Treg cell function are largely unknown. In this study we show that in mouse peripheral lymphocytes the Drosophila Disabled-2 (Dab2) homolog, a gene that is involved in enhancing TGFbeta responses, is exclusively expressed in FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. Dab2 is a direct target of FOXP3, and regulatory T cells lacking DAB2 are functionally impaired in vitro and in vivo. However, not all aspects of Treg cell function are perturbed, and DAB2 appears to be dispensable for Treg cell function in maintaining naive T cell homeostasis.
The Feeling of Success: Does Touch Sensing Help Predict Grasp Outcomes? (2017)

A successful grasp requires careful balancing of the contact forces. Deducing whether a particular grasp will be successful from indirect measurements, such as vision, is therefore quite challenging, and direct sensing of contacts through touch sensing provides an appealing avenue toward more successful and consistent robotic grasping. However, in order to fully evaluate the value of touch sensing for grasp outcome prediction, we must understand how touch sensing can influence outcome prediction accuracy when combined with other modalities. Doing so using conventional model-based techniques is exceptionally difficult. In this work, we investigate the question of whether touch sensing aids in predicting grasp outcomes within a multimodal sensing framework that combines vision and touch. To that end, we collected more than 9,000 grasping trials using a two-finger gripper equipped with GelSight high-resolution tactile sensors on each finger, and evaluated visuo-tactile deep neural network models to directly predict grasp outcomes from either modality individually, and from both modalities together. Our experimental results indicate that incorporating tactile readings substantially improve grasping performance.
Preparation and Characterization of a Solid Amine Adsorbent for Capturing CO<sub>2</sub> by Grafting Allylamine onto PAN Fiber (2010)

Solid amine adsorbents using synthetic fibers instead of silica as the matrix are expected to offer more benefits for the adsorption of CO(2) because of high external surface area, low pressure drops, and flexibility of the matrix fibers. A novel kind of solid amine-containing fibrous adsorbent (PAN-AF) was prepared by preirradiation grafting copolymerization of allylamine onto polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber, using the redox system of (NH(4))(2)S(2)O(8)/NaHSO(3) as initiator. The effects of the reaction conditions such as reaction time, temperature, monomer concentration, amount of the initiator on grafting degree were studied. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the grafting copolymerization were using 50% allylamine monomer (V/V) and 1.5% (W/V) initiator and reacting at 100 degrees C for 10 h. FTIR was employed to characterize the corresponding changes on the surface chemical structure of PAN and PAN-AF. Thermal gravimetric analysis was used to evaluate the thermal stability of the materials. Equilibrium adsorption capacities for CO(2) and regeneration behaviors of PAN-AF were determined. Adsorption capacity for CO(2) of PAN-AF with 60.0 wt % grafting degree was 6.22 mmol CO(2)/g PAN-AF. PAN-AF could be completely regenerated by heating in boiling water for 30 min. The CO(2) adsorption performance of the regenerated PAN-AF was almost the same as that of the fresh adsorbent after several cycles, which revealed that PAN-AF exhibited good regenerating stability. The high speed and effective regeneration process proves that PAN-AF has great potential in industrial applications for CO(2) capture.
Atomic structure of the nanocrystalline Si particles appearing in nanostructured Si thin films produced in low-temperature radiofrequency plasmas (2002)

Nanostructured Si thin films, also referred as polymorphous, were grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The term “polymorphous” is used to define silicon material that consists of a two-phase mixture of amorphous and ordered Si. The plasma conditions were set to obtain Si thin films from the simultaneous deposition of radical and ordered nanoparticles. Here, a careful analysis by electron transmission microscopy and electron diffraction is reported with the aim to clarify the specific atomic structure of the nanocrystalline particles embedded in the films. Whatever the plasma conditions, the electron diffraction images always revealed the existence of a well-defined crystalline structure different from the diamondlike structure of Si. The formation of nanocrystallinelike films at low temperature is discussed. A Si face-cubic-centered structure is demonstrated here in nanocrystalline particles produced in low-pressure silane plasma at room temperature.
Stress-relaxation of fibroblasts in collagen matrices triggers ectocytosis of plasma membrane vesicles containing actin, annexins II and VI, and β1 integrin receptors (1993)

To learn about the effects of tension on fibroblast function, we have been studying initial cellular responses to stress-relaxation. Human foreskin fibroblasts were cultured in anchored collagen matrices for 2 days, during which time mechanical stress developed. Subsequently, the matrices were dislodged; thereby allowing stress to dissipate. Within 5 min after initiating stress-relaxation, fibroblasts retracted their pseudopodia. At this time, we observed the disappearance of cellular stress fibers and the formation of actin clusters along the cell margins. The actin was found to be located inside 200 nm diameter vesicles that were budding from the cell surface. Vesicles isolated from the matrix after stress-relaxation contained prominent 24 kDa, 36 kDa (doublet), 45 kDa, and 135 kDa polypeptides. The 45 kDa polypeptide was the major component in the Triton-insoluble vesicle fraction and appeared to be actin. The 36 kDa (doublet) polypeptide, which was found predominantly in the Triton-soluble vesicle fraction, was identified as annexin II. Vesicles also contained annexin VI and beta 1 integrin receptors but not tubulin, vimentin, vinculin or annexin I. The results suggest that stress-relaxation of fibroblasts induces a novel ectocytotic process involving transient budding of intact, plasma membrane vesicles from the cell cortex. On the basis of their morphological and biochemical features, these vesicles may be analogous to the 'matrix vesicles' released by chondrocytes and could play a role in extracellular matrix remodeling after wound contraction.
Towards High‐Performance Nonaqueous Redox Flow Electrolyte Via Ionic Modification of Active Species (2014)

Nonaqueous redox flow batteries are emerging flow‐based energy storage technologies that have the potential for higher energy densities than their aqueous counterparts because of their wider voltage windows. However, their performance has lagged far behind their inherent capability due to one major limitation of low solubility of the redox species. Here, a molecular structure engineering strategy towards high performance nonaqueous electrolyte is reported with significantly increased solubility. Its performance outweighs that of the state‐of‐the‐art nonaqueous redox flow batteries. In particular, an ionic‐derivatized ferrocene compound is designed and synthesized that has more than 20 times increased solubility in the supporting electrolyte. The solvation chemistry of the modified ferrocene compound. Electrochemical cycling testing in a hybrid lithium–organic redox flow battery using the as‐synthesized ionic‐derivatized ferrocene as the catholyte active material demonstrates that the incorporation of the ionic‐charged pendant significantly improves the system energy density. When coupled with a lithium‐graphite hybrid anode, the hybrid flow battery exhibits a cell voltage of 3.49 V, energy density about 50 Wh L −1 , and energy efficiency over 75%. These results reveal a generic design route towards high performance nonaqueous electrolyte by rational functionalization of the organic redox species with selective ligand.
Aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of early and advanced breast cancer (2005)

The third generation aromatase inhibitors anastrozole, exemestane, and letrozole have been compared with tamoxifen and other endocrine therapies in several studies in early and advanced breast cancer. These studies are reviewed in this report. Based on the available evidence, the panel recommends that adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen for 5 years should no longer be considered as the sole standard but that a third-generation aromatase inhibitor should be used either alone or in a sequence with tamoxifen in the adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. Third generation aromatase inhibitors may be considered as the first line therapy of hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women, and they may also be used for preoperative therapy of breast cancer.
Characterization of spun fibers with millimeter spin periods (2005)

Novel spun fibers with intrinsic asymmetric stress and millimeter spin periods are characterized both experimentally and theoretically. Based on the optical spectra of imprinted Bragg gratings, a new method is proposed to precisely measure their spin periods with a 0.1-mm spatial resolution. Properties of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) and evolutions of polarization in these spun fibers are investigated. The intrinsic birefringence of spun fibers is then obtained with respect to the measured and simulated fiber PMD. Potential applications particularly in fiber sensing are discussed. It is shown that for these different applications, the requirements of fiber parameters are distinct.
Intracavity coherent interaction of mode-locked pulse train with resonant medium (2014)

Resonant interactions of a mode-locked pulse train with intracavity samples, namely rubidium-87 (Rb-87) vapor and Fabry-Perot etalon, placed inside a laser cavity are studied in the light of developing ultra-sensitive laser sensors to measure a small magnetic field and a minute change of index of refraction of a sample material, respectively. A Rb-87 vapor provides an opportunity for a compact high-sensitivity atomic magnetometer due to its accessibility by the standard laser sources and to the large ensemble magnetization. By employing the ultrasensitive interferometric technique utilizing the intracavity properties of a mode-locked laser, the performance of the Rb-87 magnetometer can be further improved. The fundamental properties of coherent interaction between a mode-locked pulse train and a Rb-87 vapor are studied in numerical calculations of 3 x 3 density matrix equations and the reduced wave equation, which are then examined in experiments. In particular, a coherent dark-state is created by the pulse train and is further enhanced by means of spectral shaping or polarization modulation of the excitation pulse train. Experiments performed inside a laser cavity show that the atomic coherence is still preserved due to the coherent nature of interaction between the Rb-87 vapor and the ultrashort pulses occurred within a short time scale compared to the atomic relaxation times, which results in nonlinear propagation of the pulses as well as an observation of the dark-line resonance inside the laser cavity. A Fabry-Perot etalon is a type of optical cavity and serves as a tuning element of the frequency of cw-lasers. By inserting a Fabry-Perot etalon inside a mode-locked laser, the cavity resonance modes are modified due to a coupling between the two cavities, which leads to unique temporal and spectral characteristics of the resultant pulse train and its frequency comb. Both the temporal and spectral properties of the pulse train are studied in detail in experiments as well as in numerical calculations. In particular, it will be shown that the coupling between low frequency modes from the laser repetition rate and high frequency modes from the Fabry-Perot pulse train can be exploited for a new interferometric technique to measure a minute change in the index of refraction of the etalon.
Design of a dual-focus offset reflector antenna for a rotating mirror microwave scanner (2010)

During the last years, a large number of forest fires has hit North and South America, the Mediterranean countries, Indonesia and Asia. In some countries, their number has recently increased significantly. The fires have caused severe ecological and economical damage as well as a large number of casualties. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Germany is one of the areas most endangered by forest fires in Central Europe because of its climatic conditions, especially in the Eastern part. In 2008, more than 800 fires have destroyed 539 ha of forest causing a damage of approx. 1 Mio. Euros [1].
Magnetically moveable bimetallic (nickel/silver) nanoparticle/carbon nanotube composites for methanol oxidation (2008)

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) functionalized both by nickel and silver nanoparticles were obtained using a single step chemical deposition method in an ultrasonic bath. The new composite material was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electroactivity of the bi-functionalized CNTs multi-walled carbon nanotubes was assessed in respect to the electrooxidation of methanol. It was found that the carbon nanotube supported silver nanoparticles have significantly higher catalytic properties than the bulk metal of the same surface area. Furthermore, it was shown that the presence of only a very small proportion of magnetic nickel nanoparticles (1.5% of the total number of metallic nanoparticles) allows the bi-functionalized carbon nanotubes to be moved magnetically in solution, making them easily recoverable after use whilst keeping an optimal electrocatalytic surface area.
Mitochondrial Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and its Role in Aerobic Life (2003)

Mitochondria are the major site for the generation of ATP at the expense of molecular oxygen. Significant fractions (approximately 2%) of oxygen are converted to the superoxide radical and its reactive metabolites (ROS) in and around mitochondria. Although ROS have been known to impair a wide variety of biological molecules including lipids, proteins and DNA, thereby causing various diseases, they also play critical roles in the maintenance of aerobic life. Because mitochondria are the major site of free radical generation, they are highly enriched with antioxidants including GSH and enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase, on both sides of their membranes to minimize oxidative stress in and around this organelle. The present work reviews the sites and mechanism of ROS generation by mitochondria, mitochondrial localization of Mn-SOD and Cu,Zn-SOD which has been postulated for a long time to be a cytosolic enzyme. The present work also describes that a cross-talk of molecular oxygen, nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide radicals regulates the circulation, energy metabolism, apoptosis, and functions as a major defense system against pathogens. Pathophysiological significance of ROS generation by mitochondria in the etiology of aging, cancer and degenerative neuronal diseases is also described.