gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Development of an Autonomous Vehicle for use in Agriculture (2005)

The purpose of this research is the development a versatile autonomous research vehicle as well as a machine vision row guidance system for the research vehicle. The vehicle developed will be relatively small compared to conventional agricultural machines with the vision of more and smaller vehicles being used in the future. Smaller autonomous vehicles are able to be more versatile and site specific as well as having lower input costs, but are only feasible if they are autonomous, since the cost of labor offsets the costs of technology. A two wheel differential steering vehicle was selected and adapted for autonomous use by incorporating electronic actuators into the conventional steering linkage. The machine vision was developed using a small CCD camera that was programmed to scan images to find high contrast pixels and locate a line or row in an image. Error measurements from the machine vision system were reported to an onboard computer, which was programmed with a Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller to settle errors. The system used an 'aggregate' error approach, accounting for both angular and offset errors. The system was tested in an area of consistent illumination in various situations and compared with a human operator's performance. Test situations include straight and curved paths as well as discontinuities of the followed path. The system performed well in most situations with standard deviations similar to that of the human operator. The use of a single sensor for autonomous vehicle control was shown to be unfavorable and inadequate. Even so, the possibility of autonomous vehicles with multiple sensors is promising even though safety considerations remain to be solved before true autonomous operations can be introduced in agriculture.
Synthetic Inhibitors of Bacterial Cell Division Targeting the GTP-Binding Site of FtsZ (2013)

Cell division protein FtsZ is the organizer of the cytokinetic Z-ring in most bacteria and a target for new antibiotics. FtsZ assembles with GTP into filaments that hydrolyze the nucleotide at the association interface between monomers and then disassemble. We have replaced FtsZ's GTP with non-nucleotide synthetic inhibitors of bacterial division. We searched for these small molecules among compounds from the literature, from virtual screening (VS), and from our in-house synthetic library (UCM), employing a fluorescence anisotropy primary assay. From these screens we have identified the polyhydroxy aromatic compound UCM05 and its simplified analogue UCM44 that specifically bind to Bacillus subtilis FtsZ monomers with micromolar affinities and perturb normal assembly, as examined with light scattering, polymer sedimentation, and negative stain electron microscopy. On the other hand, these ligands induce the cooperative assembly of nucleotide-devoid archaeal FtsZ into distinct well-ordered polymers, different from GTP-induced filaments. These FtsZ inhibitors impair localization of FtsZ into the Z-ring and inhibit bacterial cell division. The chlorinated analogue UCM53 inhibits the growth of clinical isolates of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. We suggest that these interfacial inhibitors recapitulate binding and some assembly-inducing effects of GTP but impair the correct structural dynamics of FtsZ filaments and thus inhibit bacterial division, possibly by binding to a small fraction of the FtsZ molecules in a bacterial cell, which opens a new approach to FtsZ-based antibacterial drug discovery.
Vehicle-to-vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2V2I) intelligent transportation system architecture (2008)

In this paper, I describe the vehicle-to-vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2V2I) architecture, which is a hybrid of the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) architectures. The V2V2I architecture leverages the benefits of fast queries and responses from the V2I architecture, but with the advantage of a distributed architecture not having a single point-of-failure from the V2V architecture. In the V2V2I architecture, the transportation network is broken into zones in which a single vehicle is known as the super vehicle. Only super vehicles are able to communicate with the central infrastructure or with other Super Vehicles, and all other vehicles can only communicate with the super vehicle responsible for the zone in which they are currently traversing. I describe the super vehicle detection (SVD) algorithm for how a vehicle can find or become a super vehicle of a zone and how super vehicles can aggregate the speed and location data from all of the vehicles within their zone to still ensure an accurate representation of the network. I perform an analysis using FreeSim to determine the trade-offs experienced based on the size and number of zones within a transportation network and describe the benefits of the V2V2I architecture over the pure V2I or V2V architectures.
Vehicle Dynamics Control for Commercial Vehicles (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents the Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC) for commercial vehicles developed by BOSCH. The underlying physical concept is discussed in the second section after a short introduction. The third section shows the computer simulation used in the development process. Section four describes the controller structure of the VDC system. In Section five the use and effectiveness of VDC for commercial vehicles is shown in different critical driving situations. This is done by using measured data collected during testing (lane change, circular track) and it demonstrates that the safety improvements achieved for passenger cars are also possible for commercial vehicles.</div>
Cyclohexane-Coupled Bipolar Host Materials with High Triplet Energies for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (2016)

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence-based organic light-emitting diodes (TADF-OLEDs) have recently attracted tremendous research interest as next-generation optoelectronic devices. However, there are a limited number of host materials with an appropriately high lowest-excited triplet energy (E<sub>T</sub>) and bipolar charge transport properties for high-efficiency TADF-OLEDs. Moreover, these host materials should have high thermal and morphological stabilities. In this study, we develop novel bipolar host materials consisting of an electron-donating 9-phenylcarbazole unit and an electron-accepting triphenylphosphine oxide, triphenylphosphine sulfide, or 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine unit linked by a nonconjugated cyclohexane core. These bipolar host materials possess high glass-transition temperatures of over 100 °C and high E<sub>T</sub> values of approximately 3.0 eV. TADF-OLEDs employing these bipolar host materials could achieve high external electroluminescence quantum efficiencies of up to 21.7% together with reduced efficiency roll-off characteristics, because of expansion of the charge-recombination zone within the emission layer arising from the bipolar charge transport ability of these host materials.
Introduction: dietary fibre, butyrate and colorectal cancer (1995)

ECP (UK) Headquaters, Lady Sobell Gastrointensinal Unit, Wexham Park Hospital, Slough, Berks SL2 4HL, UK
A novel methodology for transistor-level power estimation (1996)

Transistlw-level power simulators, which are more accurate than logic-level power estimators, have been popularly used to estimate the power dissipation of CMOS circuits. In this papel; we introduce cc1 method which extends the Monte-Carlo approach for deriving the average power dissipation of a circuit using transistor-level power simulators. To reduce the simulation time, we propose a mixedlevel extrapolation technique to speed up the convergence rate of the process, and thereby to achieve a good balance between simulation time and accuracy. Experimental results show that this is a promising method for deriving the accurate power dissipation of a circuit within reasonable time budget. 1. Introdiuction For a CIMOS circuit, the power dissipation is primarily caused by three types of currents: device leakage current, short-circuit current, and dynamic transition current. It is known that the power dissipation caused by device leakage current (staric current) is usually very small and negligible as compared with the dynamic transition current. The shortcircuit curre:nt occurs whenever a path from v,d to ground is conducted at a device for a short period of time. In some cases, shon:-circuit current cannot be ignored. However, only the trimistor-level simulators with continuous-time modeling of the device can accurately take this part into
Allylic Substitution of 3‘,4‘-Unsaturated Nucleosides:  Organosilicon-Based Stereoselective Access to 4‘-<i>C</i>-Branched 2‘,3‘-Didehydro-2‘,3‘-dideoxyribonucleosides (1996)

Reactions of organosilicon reagents (such as allyltrimethylsilane, silyl enol ethers, cyanotrimethylsilane) with 3‘,4‘-unsaturated nucleosides (of uracil, N4-acetylcytosine, and hypoxanthine) having an allyl ester structure were investigated in the presence of a Lewis acid in CH2Cl2. In the cases of uracil and N4-acetylcytosine derivatives, SnCl4 appeared to be suitable, whereas the use of EtAlCl2 was necessary for the hypoxanthine derivatives. The main pathway of these reactions was found to be α-face-selective SN2‘ allylic substitution, irrespective of the configuration of 2‘-O-acyl leaving group. As a result, a new stereoselective operation for C−C bonds formation leading to 4‘-carbon-substituted 2‘,3‘-didehydro-2‘,3‘-dideoxyribonucleosides has been disclosed for the first time. Stereochemistry of these 4‘-C-branched products can be assigned on the basis of 1H NMR spectroscopy in terms of the anisotropic shift of H-5 of the pyrimidine base (or H-8 of the hypoxanthine), which is caused by the 5‘-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl) protecting group.
Determination of water in ion-exchange resins: anion exchange resins (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of water in ion-exchange resins: anion exchange resinsHari Dutta. Sharma and Natarajan. SubramanianCite this: Anal. Chem. 1970, 42, 11, 1287–1290Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60293a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60293a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultrasound Measurements of Pulse-Wave Velocity in the Peripheral Arteries of Diabetic Subjects (1980)

1. Pulse-wave velocity in both upper and lower limbs has been measured in a series of diabetic and control subjects. Subjects were studied with a Doppler ultrasound system and a real-time frequency analyser. 2. The subjects comprised three groups: (a) diabetic subjects with peripheral neuropathy (43); (b) non-complicated diabetic subjects (8); (c) non-diabetic control subjects (11). Those diabetic subjects with peripheral neuropathy included 12 with non-infected foot ulcers, nine with healed foot ulcers and 22 who gave no history of foot ulceration. All of the diabetic and control subjects had clinically normal peripheral pulses. 3. In the upper limbs the pulse-wave velocity was similar for all groups. By contrast, in the lower limbs pulse-wave velocity was significantly increased (P less than 0.005) in patients with healed or ulcerated feet compared with controls, non-complicated diabetic subjects or diabetic subjects with peripheral neuropathy alone. 4. It is suggested that the increased pulse-wave velocity results from an underlying, diffuse, atherosclerosis. This is not detectable clinically and was found to predominantly affect the lower limb arteries rather than the upper limb vessels. This may be an important aetiological factor in the development of foot ulcers in these patients.
Tuning the Band Gap in Hybrid Tin Iodide Perovskite Semiconductors Using Structural Templating (2005)

Structural distortions within the extensive family of organic/inorganic hybrid tin iodide perovskite semiconductors are correlated with their experimental exciton energies and calculated band gaps. The extent of the in- and out-of-plane angular distortion of the SnI4(2-) perovskite sheets is largely determined by the relative charge density and steric requirements of the organic cations. Variation of the in-plane Sn-I-Sn bond angle was demonstrated to have the greatest impact on the tuning of the band gap, and the equatorial Sn-I bond distances have a significant secondary influence. Extended Hückel tight-binding band calculations are employed to decipher the crystal orbital origins of the structural effects that fine-tune the band structure. The calculations suggest that it may be possible to tune the band gap by as much as 1 eV using the templating influence of the organic cation.
Free Energy Estimates of All-Atom Protein Structures Using Generalized Belief Propagation (2008)

We present a technique for approximating the free energy of protein structures using generalized belief propagation (GBP). The accuracy and utility of these estimates are then demonstrated in two different application domains. First, we show that the entropy component of our free energy estimates can useful in distinguishing native protein structures from decoys-structures with similar internal energy to that of the native structure, but otherwise incorrect. Our method is able to correctly identify the native fold from among a set of decoys with 87.5% accuracy over a total of 48 different immunoglobulin folds. The remaining 12.5% of native structures are ranked among the top four of all structures. Second, we show that our estimates of DeltaDeltaG upon mutation upon mutation for three different data sets have linear correlations of 0.63-0.70 with experimental measurements and statistically significant p-values. Together, these results suggest that GBP is an effective means for computing free energy in all-atom models of protein structures. GBP is also efficient, taking a few minutes to run on a typical sized protein, further suggesting that GBP may be an attractive alternative to more costly molecular dynamic simulations for some tasks.
A Mixed-Signal BiCMOS Front-End Signal Processor for High-Temperature Applications (2006)

A mixed-signal ASIC that implements an ultrasound front-end receiver in a 0.6 /spl mu/m BiCMOS HotASIC technology that features metal/metal capacitors and poly1/poly2 resistors is described. The ASIC includes a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a programmable gain amplifier (PGA), an output differential amplifier (ODA), and a second-order sigma-delta modulator (SDM), and is the most compact system for high-temperature ultrasound applications reported in literature. The circuit has a programmable gain and is designed for measuring the signal response (200 kHz to 700 kHz) from an ultrasound transducer. At 48 MHz clock frequency and 200/spl deg/C, the power consumption is 85 mW from a single 5 V supply. The die area of the chip is 5.52 mm/sup 2/.
Reactivity of Poly(anilineboronic acid) with NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADH (2005)

The complexation of poly(anilineboronic acid) with β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and its oxidized form, NAD+, has been investigated using electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. At neutral pH, cyclic voltammetry of poly(anilineboronic acid) exhibits redox activity in the presence of NADH and NAD+ characteristic of self-doping. While complexation of both NADH and NAD+ with poly(anilineboronic acid) is confirmed with polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopic measurements, a significant difference in redox behavior is observed. 11B NMR studies suggest that the nature of species responsible for self-doping is different in the case of NAD+ and NADH, where the presence of NAD+ complex appears to facilitate the formation of the pernigraniline form of the polymer. In addition, a distinct difference in the sensitivity of open-circuit potential measurements is observed upon complexation with NADH and NAD+ as a function of the oxidation state of polymer suggesting that reduction of the polymer occurs upon complexation of NADH. The mechanism responsible for the observed behavior is supported by quartz crystal microbalance measurements.
A generalized model of plasmid replication (1989)

A simple model is developed that permits the determination of cellular extrachromosomal DNA content for a large number of host-plasmid systems. The model incorporates host, vector, and environmental influences on plasmid replication through the use of empirical expressions. The model successfully predicts the plasmid content of many host-vector systems in a balanced growth situation, both in continuous and batch cultures. Techniques for determining model parameters are also presented. The model parameters, which characterize the effect of plasmid on its own synthesis, are given physical interpretation through the development of a structured model for a particular class of plasmids and subsequent comparison of the predictions of the two models. The simplicity of the model expressions should, in the absence of: (1) discriminatory criteria such as plasmid concentration under transient growth conditions or (2) detailed knowledge on molecular mechanisms of plasmid replication, prove useful in the study of host-vector systems for genetic engineering applications.
53BP1 exchanges slowly at the sites of DNA damage and appears to require RNA for its association with chromatin (2005)

53BP1 protein is re-localized to the sites of DNA damage after ionizing radiation (IR) and is involved in DNA-damage-checkpoint signal transduction. We examined the dynamics of GFP-53BP1 in living cells. The protein starts to accumulate at the sites of DNA damage 2-3 minutes after damage induction. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments showed that GFP-53BP1 is highly mobile in non-irradiated cells. Upon binding to the IR-induced nuclear foci, the mobility of 53BP1 reduces greatly. The minimum (M) domain of 53BP1 essential for targeting to IR induced foci consists of residues 1220-1703. GFP-M protein forms foci in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells lacking functional endogenous 53BP1. The M domain contains a tandem repeat of Tudor motifs and an arginine- and glycine-rich domain (RG stretch), which are often found in proteins involved in RNA metabolism, the former being essential for targeting. RNase A treatment dissociates 53BP1 from IR-induced foci. In HeLa cells, dissociation of the M domain without the RG stretch by RNase A treatment can be restored by re-addition of nuclear RNA in the early stages of post-irradiation. 53BP1 immunoprecipitates contain some RNA molecules. Our results suggest a possible involvement of RNA in the binding of 53BP1 to chromatin damaged by IR.
Analysis and Comparison of Secondary Series- and Parallel-Compensated Inductive Power Transfer Systems Operating for Optimal Efficiency and Load-Independent Voltage-Transfer Ratio (2013)

Secondary series- and parallel-compensations are widely used in inductive power transfer (IPT) systems for various applications. These compensations are often studied under some isolated constraints of maximum power transfer, optimal efficiency at a particular loading condition, etc. These constraints constitute an insufficient set of requirements for engineers to select appropriate compensation techniques to be used as a voltage converter with optimal efficiency and loading conditions. This paper studies the characteristics of the IPT system at various frequencies of operation utilizing the two compensation techniques to work as a voltage converter. The frequencies that can provide maximum efficiency of operation and load-independent voltage-transfer ratio are analyzed. The optimal frequencies corresponding to the two compensation techniques are found and compared to facilitate the design of voltage converters with efficient power conversion and load-independent frequency of operation. The analysis is supported by experimental measurements.
Submicron YBa2Cu3O7−δ grain boundary junction dc SQUIDs (1991)

We have fabricated and measured the properties of micron-size single grain boundary junctions and dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). The width of the junctions was varied between 0.25 and 2 μm. The junctions were formed in c-axis oriented epitaxial films with a single 24° tilt boundary. They were fabricated using electron beam lithography and ion milling. All of the junctions operate at 77 K. The noise properties of SQUIDs made of these junctions have been characterized. They show a significant 1/f component which is comparable to published values. However, the white noise level, 3×10−31 J/Hz measured at 77 K, is the lowest ever reported.
Rapid determination of phenol content in extra virgin olive oil (1994)

A quick extraction methodology was developed to reduce the time usually required to determine the phenol content in olive oil. The validity of this method, based on SPE technique, was tested against two other phenol extraction techniques. The statistical analysis of the analytical data showed that over a phenol content range of 110-550 μg/g oil, the proposed method can be a reliable alternative for a rapid extraction of the phenols from olive oil.
Satellite diversity exploitation in mobile satellite CDMA systems (2003)

The paper addresses the exploitation of satellite diversity in a satellite mobile network. In particular, we focus on the impact of diversity on service availability and on system capacity, considering the forward link of a CDMA system with a multi-satellite and multi-beam architecture. The analysis includes the effects of path blockage, imperfect power control, and fading correlation. We show that satellite diversity is essential in providing service availability in urban and suburban areas. Also, we show that the impact of satellite diversity on system capacity may be positive or negative, mainly depending on the transmission channel characteristics. In particular, diversity becomes very beneficial whenever fading correlation is considered. The analytical results have been validated by means of Monte Carlo simulation.