gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Insight into the Mechanism of Sequential Infiltration Synthesis from Infrared Spectroscopy (2014)

Sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) has been recently demonstrated to increase the etch resistance of optical, e-beam, and block copolymer lithography resists for sub-50 nm pattern transfer. Although SIS can dramatically enhance pattern transfer relevant to device applications, the complex processes involved in SIS are not clearly understood. Fundamental knowledge of the chemistry underlying SIS is necessary to ensure a high degree of perfection in large-scale lithography. To this end, we performed in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic measurements during the SIS of Al2O3 using trimethylaluminum (TMA) and H2O into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The FTIR results revealed that TMA reacts quickly with PMMA to form an unstable complex. The subsequent conversion of this intermediate complex into stable Al—O linkages is slow and must compete with rapid TMA desorption. We support this interpretation of the FTIR data using density functional theory to calculate plausible structures for the unstable TMA–PMMA complex and the covalently linked species. As a consequence of this two-step reaction between TMA and PMMA, the detailed history of the TMA exposure becomes critical to achieving reliable patterns in SIS lithography. We demonstrate this using scanning electron microscopy to image the patterns resulting from SIS treatment of block copolymer films under different TMA exposure conditions. This better understanding of the SIS reaction dynamics should improve reliability in SIS lithography as well as other SIS applications.
Modification of central dopaminergic mechanisms by continuous levodopa therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease (1990)

The management of fluctuations in motor function complicating advanced Parkinson's disease with continuously administered dopaminomimetics was studied in 12 patients. In response to 7 to 12 days of round-the-clock intravenous infusions of levodopa, fluctuations in motor performance gradually diminished, ultimately by more than 40%. The beneficial effect persisted for about 6 days after withdrawal of continuous parenteral treatment and resumption of standard oral therapy. Clinical improvement was associated with changes in several pharmacological indices: Acute dose-response studies of intravenous levodopa showed a shift of the curve to the right in the immediate postinfusion phase compared to preinfusion studies; the therapeutic index improved significantly as patients demonstrated about 76% increased beneficial antiparkinsonian response with an equal degree of toxic dyskinetic effects; and the duration of action of levodopa was prolonged by 30%. These results suggest that changes in central dopaminergic mechanisms contributing to motor complications in advanced Parkinson's disease can be modified by procedures that provide continuous dopamine replacement. Presumably these modifications underlie the gradual amelioration of motor fluctuations over several days of round-the-clock therapy. Results of the present study also suggest potential deleterious effects of chronic intermittent oral treatment in the development of motor complications and thus support the role of long-term, continuous administration of dopaminomimetics.
Ultrahigh-accuracy measurement of the coefficient of thermal expansion for ultralow-expansion materials (2002)

Microlithographic systems rely on precision alignment and a high-level of dimensional stability to achieve required performance. In critical applications, immunity to thermally induced dimensional changes is achieved by the use of low linear coefficient of thermal expansion (hereafter referred to as CTE and denoted by a) materials such as ULE in components such as reflective optics and machine structures. ULE has a CTE that is typically in the 0 + 30 ppb K-1 range and it may be engineered to achieve a specific value. A high-accuracy determination of the CTE is essential for both process control and for providing an essential input to the design of such systems for error budgeting purposes. Currently, there is a need for CTE determination with an expanded uncertainty U(a)(k=2) < 1 ppb K-1 in the 273-373 K temperature range. A survey of the state-of-the-art of high-accuracy absolute measurement of CTE is presented along with a discussion of the significant error sources in each of the current techniques. The metrology techniques, sample design and instrumentation are described along with uncertainty estimates for representative instruments. The design philosophy and prospects for a new instrument that satisfies the above mentioned need are described.
Facile Cleavage of Triethylsilyl (TES) Ethers Using <i>o</i>-Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) without Affecting <i>tert</i>-Butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) Ethers (2002)

[reaction: see text] In DMSO cleavage of triethylsilyl (TES) ethers by o-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) was significantly faster than cleavage of tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) ethers or further oxidation into carbonyl compounds. In most cases, TES protecting groups could be removed in good to excellent yields within 1 h, whereas similar TBS protecting groups remained intact under the same conditions. The procedure also could be adapted for direct one-pot conversion of TES ethers into carbonyl compounds.
Label-Free Detection of Heparin, Streptavidin, and Other Probes by Pulsed Streaming Potentials in Plastic Microfluidic Channels (2008)

In this paper, pulsed streaming potentials generated in plastic microfluidic channels are used for the label-free detection of some model analytes. The microchannels are fabricated with the commodity plastic cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), and the detection signal arises from a change in the surface charge upon analyte adsorption on the modified microchannel surface. The role of the surface modification is to confer the microchannel with a predetermined charge and a particular specificity toward the adsorption of the target analyte. In this work, several target probes displaying different levels of specificity were investigated. Heparin and streptavidin were detected by adsorption on microchannel surfaces modified with protamine and biotin, respectively, whereas bovine serum albumin (BSA) and methylene blue (MB) showed nonspecific adsorption on almost any modified or unmodified COC microchannel surface. The magnitude of the streaming potential was found to be proportional to the liquid pressure and the surface charge of the microchannel in accord with the Smoluchowski equation. Because the relative polarity of the streaming potential is determined by the surface charge, the most straightforward detection with this method occurs when the charge is reversed upon analyte adsorption. This strategy was used for the species described in this work, and the lowest concentrations detected were approximately 0.01 units/mL for heparin (below clinical relevance), approximately 10 (-9) M for BSA, and approximately 10 (-6) M for MB. Unlike the conventional method of steady flow, in this work, the streaming potentials were measured under pulsed conditions of flow and using nonreference electrodes. This approach removes the need of special electrolytes as it is usually required when using reference electrodes, and at the same time, it mitigates the interference of electrochemical drift from the electrodes. Relative standard deviations of approximately 1-2% and measuring times of approximately 10 s are readily attained with this experimental setup. The on-channel modification of the surface was carried out by UV-photografting methods given the significant UV transparency of COC.
Hemagglutinins of Haemophilus paragallinarum serotype 1 organisms. (1984)

Various kinds of treated cells were prepared from variants derived from serotype 1 strains of Haemophilus paragallinarum by enzymatic or physicochemic treatments. Hemagglutinating properties of the treated cells were investigated against freshly collected and glutaraldehyde-fixed chicken, human being (type O), or rabbit erythrocytes (RBC). At least 3 types of hemagglutinin showing different hemagglutination patterns, designated as hemagglutinins HA-L, HA-HL, and HA-HS, were defined from the results of their biologic properties. Heat-labile, trypsin-sensitive HA-L hemagglutinin agglutinated all RBC used, whereas trypsin-resistant heat-labile, HA-HL or heat-stable, HA-HS antigens agglutinated only fresh chicken or rabbit RBC except those from day-old chicks. Because of the presence of capsule surrounding bacterial cells, nontreated cells prepared from certain variant lacked the ability to agglutinate any RBC used; hyaluronidase-treatment rendered them agglutinate, and the hemagglutinin appeared by this treatment was HA-L hemagglutinin. After trypsin-or heat-treatment of HA-L hemagglutinin, hemagglutinins HA-HL or HA-HS appeared. Electron microscopic studies showed that the outer membrane of the treated cells adhered directly to the surface of RBC. The result suggests that the location of the 3 types of hemagglutinin HA-L, HA-HL, and HA-HS are in the outer membrane of bacterial cells, and indicates the necessity in use of proper hemagglutinin and RBC for experiment.
All-to-all personalized communication in a wormhole-routed torus (1996)

All-to-all personalized communication, or complete exchange, is at the heart of numerous applications in parallel computing. It is one of the most dense communication patterns. In this paper, we consider this problem in a torus of any dimension with the wormhole-routing capability. We propose complete exchange algorithms that use optimal numbers of phases (if each side of the tori is a multiple of eight) or asymptotically optimal numbers of phases (otherwise). Interestingly, in order to achieve this, we only make weak assumptions-that a node is capable of sending and receiving at most one message at a time, and the network is capable of supporting the dimension-ordered (or e-cube) minimum routing.
The Effect of Prescribed Daily Dose Frequency on Patient Medication Compliance (1990)

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between prescribed daily dose frequency and patient medication compliance. The medication compliance of 105 patients receiving antihypertensive medications was monitored by analyzing data obtained from special pill containers that electronically record the date and time of medication removal. Inaccurate compliance estimates derived using the simple pill count method were thereby avoided. Compliance was defined as the percent of days during which the prescribed number of doses were removed. Compliance improved from 59.0% on a three-time daily regimen to 83.6% on a once-daily regimen. Thus, compliance improves dramatically as prescribed dose frequency decreases. Probably the single most important action that health care providers can take to improve compliance is to select medications that permit the lowest daily prescribed dose frequency.
Revising boundaries (1991)

An updated role for district nurses is vital, argues Lynn Young. And it is highly important to home management of intravenous lines, says Gill Oliver
The e-seminar lecture recording and distribution system (2001)

e-Seminar is an IBM-Research internal prototype platform to allow all IBM-Research employees access to videos and slides of talks, seminars, presentations and other events at any IBM-Research campus worldwide. The platform facilitates an increased use of digital video by lowering the cost and complexity thresholds for the use of video in live and in on demand applications. The e-Seminar system therefore increases the leverage of intellectual property, and helps to improve the communication between the laboratories of the IBM-Research Division All of the above is reached through use of a distributed Video-on-Demand system on all sites of the IBM-Research Division. It is a highly integrative project, assembling tools, techniques and insights from a broad variety of knowledge fields including but not limited to networking, video recording/encoding, data streaming, video analysis, HCI, MM authoring, data visualizing and distributed systems management. The e-Seminar system is designed to serve as a base platform to perform research on the broad range of all these areas. Currently ongoing research in the project explores how such a system can be built and operated with the least amount of people involved while at the same time reducing the breadth and depth of skills necessary. Additional research is done in the area of real time analysis and indexing of the given material in ways that are relevant to the teaching purpose of the system. Also new ways of video network caching are explored.
<title>Three-dimensional flow vectors from rf ultrasound signals</title> (2002)

A new ultrasound technique for determining three-dimensional velocity vectors has been devised using radio frequency (RF) data from commercially available scanners. Applied to blood flow, this technique could prove useful for evaluating hemodynamics and detecting stenoses. Three orthogonal velocity vectors are computed from the RF signals of two steered beams from a single array. The in-plane velocities are determined using standard Doppler analysis, while the out-of-plane component is derived from the total velocity as computed from temporal decorrelation and the in-plane components. The technique was tested using contrast agent pumped through a flow tube. A GE Vingmed SystemV scanner with a 10 MHz linear array provided scans at beam steering angles of +/- 20 degree(s). Both Doppler velocities and temporal complex decorrelation were computed for each digitized voxel. Additional studies were done on a blood mimicking fluid and in vivo with a canine femoral artery. Vector plots were constructed to show flow for various transducer angles. Angle estimates were within 20 degree(s), and the mean error for the velocity amplitude was less than 15%. The in vivo results provided velocity estimates consistent with the literature. The proposed method, unlike current Doppler velocity measurement techniques, provides quantitative velocity information independent of transducer orientation.
Dysfunctional CD4+,CD25+ regulatory T cells in untreated active systemic lupus erythematosus secondary to interferon‐α–producing antigen‐presenting cells (2008)

We suggest that blockade of Treg cell-mediated suppression by IFNalpha-producing APCs in SLE patients may contribute to a pathogenic loss of peripheral tolerance in this disease.
Biphasic hydroformylation in new molten salts—analogies and differences to organic solvents (2002)

New ionic compounds 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolium triflate (1) and 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium triflate (2) and (3-butylimidazole)triphenylboron (4) have been formed by alkylation and condensation reactions. An ion exchange reaction yielded the ionic compound 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetraphenylborate (3). Molecular structures of all four compounds were determined by single crystal X-ray diffractometry. Utilizing two known rhodium complexes as catalyst precursors, compounds 1, 2 and 4 were used as solvents for biphasic hydroformylation reactions of two long chain 1-olefins. The results were compared to reactivities in the conventional solvent toluene in which similar turnover numbers but a higher tendency towards isomerization and hydrogenation occurred.
Elastic Properties of Emulsified Acids: Effect of Emulsifier Concentration and Temperature (2011)

Abstract For many years, hydrochloric acid was the main fluid used in carbonate reservoirs well stimulation. Hydrochloric acid has many advantages including high dissolving power and water soluble products, but it also has some disadvantages such as high reaction rate and high corrosivity. There are other acid systems that can be used to minimize these effects; one of the most important systems is the emulsified acid. The emulsified acid offers the advantage of minimum additives and minimum corrosion possibilities. Researchers correlated the droplet size of the dispersed phase (acid) and emulsifier concentration to the viscosity, stability, and reaction kinetics of emulsified acids. The effect of emulsifier concentration, acid volume fraction and temperature on elastic properties of emulsified acid was not studied before. The main objective of this work is to study the effect of these parameters on the elastic properties of the emulsified acid. In order to perform that, a HPHT oscillatory rheometer was used. The general behavior of emulsified acid is that the viscous modulus (G″) is always higher than the elastic modulus (G′). As the emulsifier concentration increases, viscosity increases and the viscous behavior dominates for these fluids. As the acid volume fraction increases, the viscous modulus (G″) increases. At low emulsifier concentration (2 vol%), the elastic modulus (G′) and viscous modulus (G″) increase with increasing the temperature up to 170 °F and then decrease. At higher emulsifier concentration, the elastic modulus (G′) almost does not change with temperature and the viscous modulus (G″) always decreases with increasing temperature. These results will help production engineer to better design acid treatments that depend on emulsified acids.
A Reliable Digitally Synthesizable Linear Drop-out Regulator Design for 14nm SOC (2015)

In Digital Linear Dropout (Digital LDO) implementation for System-On-Chips (SOC), the power gates operate in triode region and are distributed in bank structure. With wide dropout, the current distribution in the power gate bank turns out to be the key challenge. The proposed work presents a methodology/algorithm to distribute the current flowing through the bank of a digital LDO uniformly in a 14nm SOC implementation. This minimizes the chances of possible hotspot and ensures reliability for the SOC.
Colobostruma Papulata Species Nov. (1965)

xBio:D Automated Upload
Faster analysis for total and direct bilirubin in the Cobas-Bio analyzer. (1983)

Journal Article Faster analysis for total and direct bilirubin in the Cobas-Bio analyzer. Get access F Gill, F Gill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Rutledge J Rutledge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 29, Issue 7, 1 July 1983, Pages 1444–1445, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/29.7.1444b Published: 01 July 1983
An Empirical Study of the Factors Which Affect User Satisfaction in Hospitals (1988)

Measuring and managing computer user satisfaction toward the systems they use is an important step toward making those systems more effective. In this paper, results of an empirical study to analyze the items affecting user satisfaction in hospitals are presented. The study utilized a reliable and well-validated measurement instrument with 860 subjects in 70 hospitals from across the country. Comparison norms for computer user satisfaction were determined. Analysis of the data found differences in satisfaction by hospital type, but not by computer control or application type. The importance of the factors affecting satisfaction varied considerably, but no consistent pattern existed. Average satsifaction varied significantly between factors, but were highly correlated between hospital types. Perceived “need for the system” and “relevancy of the output” were the most satisfying, while “time to process changes” and “flexibility of the system” were the least satisfying factors. The concept was subsequently used to study the satisfaction of computer users at 160 Veterans Administration Medical Centers.
A Topological Approach to Voxelization (2013)

Abstract We present a novel approach to voxelization, based on intersecting the input primitives against intersection targets in the voxel grid. Instead of relying on geometric proximity measures, our approach is topological in nature, i.e., it builds on the connectivity and separability properties of the input and the intersection targets. We discuss voxelization of curves and surfaces in both 2D and 3D, and derive intersection targets that produce voxelizations with various connectivity, separability and thinness properties. The simplicity of our method allows for easy proofs of these properties. Our approach is directly applicable to curved primitives, and it is independent of input tessellation.
High-efficiency non-resonant cavity light-emittingdiodes (1998)

860 nm surface-textured thin-film GaAs light-emitting diodes have been fabricated with a novel design which includes a selectively oxidised AlGaAs layer for current confinement. The highest reported external quantum efficiencies for injection currents below 0.3 mA are obtained. Furthermore, 20% external quantum efficiency for diodes with a current aperture of 12 µm is reported.
Efficient germ-line transmission obtained with transgene-free induced pluripotent stem cells (2014)

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine. To overcome potential problems associated with transgene insertions, efforts have been directed over the past several years to generate transgene-free iPS cells by using non-viral-vector approaches. To date, however, cells generated through such procedures have had problems producing reproductively competent animals, suggesting that their quality needed further improvement. Here we report the use of optimized assemblies of reprogramming factors and selection markers incorporated into single plasmids as nonintegrating episomes to generate germ-line-competent iPS cells. In particular, the pMaster12 episome can produce transgene-free iPS cells that, when grown in 2i medium, recapitulate good mouse ES cells, in terms of their competency for generating germ-line chimeras.
An analytical study of heat and mass transfer in multiparticle systems at low Reynolds numbers (1964)

Abstract This investigation was undertaken to obtain an analytical solution to the problem of predicting particle‐to‐fluid heat and mass transfer rates in multiparticle systems at low Reynolds numbers. The energy equation based on the free surface model was solved by expanding the fluid temperature distribution in even powers of the spherical angle and by assuming that the fluid properties remain relatively constant with temperature. Solutions were obtained for Peclet numbers between 0.1 and 100 and fractional void volumes between 0.4 and 1.0. They show that the average Nusselt or Sherwood number in a bed of particles is a function of both the fractional void volume and the Peclet number, the effect of Peclet number decreasing as the bed becomes more concentrated in the low Peclet number range. A plot of the results in terms of the j factor vs. the Reynolds number shows good agreement with published experimental mass and heat transfer data and indicates that the j factor is not independent of the Schmidt or Prandtl numbers at low Reynolds number, low Peclet number flow.
Beyond modelling (2010)

This paper focuses on the articulations of task models and system models. Tasks models are meant to be used by human factor specialists whilst system models are supposed to be produced by software engineers. However, tasks models and systems models represent two different views on how users interacting with a computing system to reach a goal. This paper presents an integration framework aiming to take full advantage of task models and system models that have been developed initially in a separated manner and how these two views can be integrated at the model level and additionally at the tool level. The main contribution of the paper lies in the definition of such integration at the tool level to be used at runtime (while the user is operating the system). Indeed, thanks to this integration contextual help can be offered to the users supporting the construction of the mental bridge between what they have to do (defined in the tasks model) and what the interactive system allows (defined in the system model). The approach, the tools and the integration are presented on a case study of a Weather Radar System (WXR) embedded in aircraft cockpits.