gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a Simple and Efficient Reverse Genetics System for Canine Adenoviruses Using Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (2020)

Canine adenoviruses (CAdVs) are divided into pathotypes CAdV1 and CAdV2, which cause infectious hepatitis and laryngotracheitis in canid animals, respectively. They can be the backbones of viral vectors that could be applied in recombinant vaccines or for gene transfer in dogs and in serologically naïve humans. Although conventional plasmid-based reverse genetics systems can be used to construct CAdV vectors, their large genome size creates technical difficulties in gene cloning and manipulation. In this study, we established an improved reverse genetics system for CAdVs using bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), in which genetic modifications can be efficiently and simply made through BAC recombineering. To validate the utility of this system, we used it to generate CAdV2 with the early region 1 gene deleted. This mutant was robustly generated and attenuated in cell culture. The results suggest that our established BAC-based reverse genetics system for CAdVs would be a useful and powerful tool for basic and advanced practical studies with these viruses.
Adenovirus-mediated E2F-1 gene transfer efficiently induces apoptosis in melanoma cells (1999)

Adenovirus-mediated E2F-1 gene transfer efficiently induces widespread apoptosis in human melanoma cells. E2F-1 overexpression induced apoptosis in cell lines containing wild-type and mutant p53, suggesting that this effect does not require wild-type p53 function. Anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family, notably Mcl-1 and Bcl-XL, may be involved in mediating the response to E2F-1. These data suggest that adenovirus-mediated E2F-1 gene therapy may be effective in the treatment of melanoma.
Effect of Renal Cell Carcinomas on the Development of Type 1 T-Cell Responses (2004)

We propose that renal cell carcinoma-derived tumor products such as gangliosides can induce a type 2 bias in antitumor immunity by initiating apoptosis in the IFN-gamma-producing type 1 effector cells. This represents a relevant mechanism by which renal cell carcinoma can inhibit protective antitumor immunity.
Scattering of acoustic evanescent waves by circular cylinders: Partial wave series solution (2002)

Evanescent acoustical waves occur in a variety of situations such as when sound is incident on a fluid interface beyond the critical angle and when flexural waves on a plate are subsonic with respect to the surrounding fluid. The scattering by circular cylinders at normal incidence was calculated to give insight into the consequences on the scattering of the evanescence of the incident wave. To analyze the scattering, it is necessary to express the incident wave using a modified expansion involving cylindrical functions. For plane evanescent waves, the expansion becomes a double summation with products of modified and ordinary Bessel functions. The resulting modified series is found for the scattering by a fluid cylinder in an unbounded medium. The perfectly soft and rigid cases are also examined. Unlike the case of an ordinary incident wave, the counterpropagating partial waves of the same angular order have unequal magnitudes when the incident wave is evanescent. This is a consequence of the exponential dependence of the incident wave amplitude on the transverse coordinate. The associated exponential dependence of the scattering on the location of a scatterer was previously demonstrated [T. J. Matula and P. L. Marston, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93, 1192–1195 (1993)].
Closed-Loop Rehabilitation of Age-Related Cognitive Disorders (2014)

Cognitive deficits are common in older adults, as a result of both the natural aging process and neurodegenerative disease. Although medical advancements have successfully prolonged the human lifespan, the challenge of remediating cognitive aging remains. The authors discuss the current state of cognitive therapeutic interventions and then present the need for development and validation of more powerful neurocognitive therapeutics. They propose that the next generation of interventions be implemented as closed-loop systems that target specific neural processing deficits, incorporate quantitative feedback to the individual and clinician, and are personalized to the individual's neurocognitive capacities using real-time performance-adaptive algorithms. This approach should be multimodal and seamlessly integrate other treatment approaches, including neurofeedback and transcranial electrical stimulation. This novel approach will involve the generation of software that engages the individual in an immersive and enjoyable game-based interface, integrated with advanced biosensing hardware, to maximally harness plasticity and assure adherence. Introducing such next-generation closed-loop neurocognitive therapeutics into the mainstream of our mental health care system will require the combined efforts of clinicians, neuroscientists, bioengineers, software game developers, and industry and policy makers working together to meet the challenges and opportunities of translational neuroscience in the 21st century.
ChemInform Abstract: DISUBSTITUTED PHENOTHIAZONES. II. NEW HALOGENO‐3H‐PHENOTHIAZIN‐3‐ONES (1984)

Abstract Für die Synthese der Phenothiazinone (VI) und (VII), (X)‐(XII) sowie (XIV) werden wie im Formelschema skizziert, drei verschiedene Herstellungsverfahren angegeben.
Buffers for pH and Metal Ion Control. (1975)

1. Introduction.- 1.1 The concept of buffer action.- 1.2 Why are buffers needed?.- 1.3 Some naturally occurring buffers.- 2. The Theory of Buffer Action.- 2.1 Equilibrium aspects.- 2.2 Activity effects.- 2.3 Effect of dilution.- 2.4 Salt effects.- 2.5 Ampholytes and zwitterions.- 2.6 Buffer capacity.- 2.6.1 Buffer capacity of a polybasic acid.- 2.7 Pseudo buffers.- 2.8 Self buffers.- 2.9 Mixtures of buffers.- 2.10 Temperature dependence.- 2.11 Effect of pressure on buffers.- 2.12 Further reading.- 3. Applications of pH Buffers.- 3.1 Factors governing the choice of a buffer.- 3.2 Measurement of pH.- 3.3 Biochemistry and biology.- 3.4 Spectroscopy.- 3.5 Buffers for special applications.- 3.5.1 Volatile buffers.- 3.5.2 Buffers for electrophoresis.- 3.5.3 Buffers for complexometric titrations.- 3.5.4 Buffers for chromatography.- 3.5.5 Buffers for polarography.- 3.5.6 Buffers for proton magnetic resonance studies.- 3.5.7 Buffers for solvent extraction.- 3.5.8 Isotonic pharmaceutical buffers.- 3.5.9 Miscellaneous.- 4. Practical Limitations in the Use of Buffers.- 4.1 Chemical problems.- 4.2 Biological effects.- 4.3 Influence on chemical reactions.- 5. New pH-Buffer Tables and Systems.- 5.1 On calculating buffer composition tables.- 5.1.1 Buffers of constant ionic strength. No added electrolyte.- 5.1.2 Constant ionic strength buffers with added electrolyte.- 5.1.2.1 Preparation of amine buffers of constant ionic strength.- 5.1.3 Buffers by direct titration of weak bases or acids with strong acids or bases.- 5.2 On designing a new pH-buffer system.- 6. Buffers for use in Partially Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Solvents and Heavy Water.- 6.1 pH* Scales.- 6.2 pH* Buffers.- 6.3 The measurement of pH*.- 6.4 A universal pH scale.- 6.5 The pD scale and the measurement of pD.- 6.6 The use of pH* and pD buffers.- 6.6.1 The determination of dissociation constants of acids.- 6.6.2 Rate studies in heavy water.- 6.7 Surfactants.- 7. Metal-ion Buffers.- 7.1 The concept of pM.- 7.2 Uses of metal-ion buffers.- 7.3 Calculation of pM.- 7.4 pH-Independent metal-ion buffers.- 7.5 Effects of pH buffer substances on pM.- 7.6 Anion buffers.- 7.7 Redox buffering.- 8. Purification of Substances Used in Buffers.- 9. Preparation of Buffer Solutions.- 10. Appendices.- Appendix I. Tables for constructing buffer tables.- Appendix II. Composition-pH tables of some commonly used buffers.- Appendix III. Thermodynamic acid dissociation constants of prospective buffer substances.- Appendix IV. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.- References.
Multiple trait QTL analysis. (2001)

This chapter discusses the specific theoretical problems related to multiple trait analysis; methods proposed for solving the problems in multiple trait analysis like the maximum likelihood multivariate analysis, power of single and multitrait analysis, pleiotropy and linkage, and canonical transformation of the original traits to derive an uncorrelated set of variables; determination of statistical significance with multiple traits; and selective genotyping with multiple traits.
State‐of‐the‐art in orthopaedic surgical navigation with a focus on medical image modalities (2002)

Abstract This paper presents a review of surgical navigation systems in orthopaedics and categorizes these systems according to the image modalities that are used for the visualization of surgical action. Medical images used to be an essential part of surgical education and documentation as well as diagnosis and operation planning over many years. With the recent introduction of navigation techniques in orthopaedic surgery, a new field of application has been opened. Today surgical navigation systems — also known as image‐guided surgery systems — are available for various applications in orthopaedic surgery. They visualize the position and orientation of surgical instruments as graphical overlays onto a medical image of the operated anatomy on a computer monitor. Preoperative image data such as computed tomography scans or intraoperatively generated images (for example, ultrasonic, endoscopic or fluoroscopic images) are suitable for this purpose. A new category of medical images termed ‘surgeon‐defined anatomy’ has been developed that exclusively relies upon the usage of navigation technology. Points on the anatomy are digitized interactively by the surgeon and are used to build up an abstract geometrical model of the bony structures to be operated on. This technique may be used when no other image data is available or appropriate for a given application. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: cis‐Dioxomolybdenum(VI) Complexes as New Catalysts for the Meyer‐ Schuster Rearrangement. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
THE TENTATIVE TITANIUM-SILVER BINARY SYSTEM (1953)

Abstract : Silver is a beta former when alloyed in small amounts with titanium. There is a large range of solubility of silver in alpha titanium and it reaches a maximum of 9 + 1 wt.% silver at 1560 +/- 7 F, at which temperature an eutectoid reaction, beta+ TiAg, occurs at 17 + 0.5 wt.% silver. The beta solid solubility increases to 30.5 +/- 1 wt.% silver at 1903 +/- 5 F. Contrary to general opinion, the existence of the compound TiAg (69.25 wt.% Ag) has been established. It is formed at 1903 +/- 5 F by the following peritectic reaction: beta + Liq. in balance with TiAg. The composition limits of the compound have, as yet, not been determined,. however, the compound field appears to be narrow from preliminary observations. Titanium is soluble in silver in an amount of less than 0.5 wt.% as two phases are present in 99.5 wt.% silver as-cast alloys.
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Prior to Nonmyeloablative Irradiation Decreases Murine Host Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function and Increases Engraftment of Donor Marrow Cells (2007)

The use of nonmyeloablative conditioning prior to bone marrow transplantation is an important component of transplantation-based therapies for nonmalignant blood diseases. In this study, treatment of recipient mice with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) prior to low-dose total body irradiation (LD-TBI) enhanced long-term engraftment of freshly isolated congenic marrow 1.5- to 2-fold more than treatment with LD-TBI alone. This combined regimen was also evaluated in a mouse model of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD), where neutrophils have a defective NADPH oxidase due to genetic deletion of the gp91(phox) subunit. Long-term engraftment of male X-CGD bone marrow cells cultured ex vivo for retroviral transduction of gp91(phox) was enhanced by approximately 40% when female X-CGD recipients were pretreated with G-CSF prior to 300 cGy. These data confirm that sequential treatment with G-CSF and LD-TBI prior to transplantation increases long-term engraftment of donor marrow, and they extend this approach to transplantation of murine donor marrow cultured ex vivo for gene transfer. Additional studies showed that the administration of G-CSF prior to LD-TBI did not alter early homing of donor marrow cells. However, the combined regimen significantly decreased the content of long-term repopulating cells in recipient marrow compared with LD-TBI alone, as assessed in competitive assays, which may contribute to the enhanced engraftment of donor marrow cells. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Methods for studying population structure, including sensitivity to the fungicide silthiofam, of the cereal take‐all fungus, <i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i> var. <i>tritici</i> (2005)

Field isolates ( n = 144) of the wheat take‐all fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici ( Ggt ) were tested for sensitivity to silthiofam, a take‐all‐specific fungicide used as a seed treatment, and identified as A‐ or B‐type by PCR–RFLP analysis of nuclear rDNA. A possible association was identified between polymorphisms in ITS2 of the nuclear rDNA and sensitivity to silthiofam. A Ggt ‐specific PCR assay was developed which simultaneously identified isolates of Ggt as A‐ or B‐type, based on the polymorphisms in the nuclear rDNA. A highly significant correlation between Ggt type using the PCR assay and sensitivity to silthiofam was demonstrated in a collection of 358 isolates from three field experiments designed to test the effects of seed‐treatment fungicides on take‐all and Ggt populations in winter wheat. In one experiment the percentages of silthiofam‐sensitive and B‐type isolates were significantly less in populations from plots sown with silthiofam‐treated seed in two consecutive years than in populations from plots sown with nontreated seed. However, silthiofam still provided a significant amount of control of take‐all. The natural occurrence of fungicide‐insensitive isolates, up to about 30% in soils in which the fungicide had never been used, is unusual. The new PCR assay provides a useful tool for studying the population structure of Ggt , and may provide a novel method for assessing the incidence of insensitivity to silthiofam (the target site for which has not yet been identified) in field populations of Ggt .
Early Changes in Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover Predict Bone Mineral Density Response to Antiresorptive Therapy in Korean Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis (2005)

Biochemical markers of bone turnover have been suggested to be useful in monitoring the efficacy of antiresorptive therapy. In this study, we investigated the predictive value of bone turnover markers to determine short-term response in bone mineral density (BMD) and to identify nonresponders in 138 postmenopausal women (mean age 58 years) with osteoporosis given with either hormone thearpy (HT) or alendronate. Urinary type I collagen N-telopeptide (NTx) and serum osteocalcin (OC) at baseline, 3, and 6 months after treatment as well as spine and femoral neck BMD at baseline and 12 months were measured. Significant decreases in both NTx and OC were evident in women on treatment with antiresorptive agents as early as 3 months (p<0.01). Percent change of NTx at 3 months correlated with the percent change of spinal BMD at 12 months of treatment. When bone turnover markers were stratified by tertiles, the average rate of lumbar spine BMD gain increased significantly with increasing tertiles of baseline value (p<0.05) and percent change (p<0.05) of urinary NTx at 3 month of treatment. In terms of BMD response, urinary NTx at 3 months decreased significantly more in BMD responders group than in nonresponders group. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that percent change of NTx at 3 months is an independent predictor to identify BMD nonresponders, defined as those whose BMD gain remained within the precision error range of dual energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA). We conclude that biochemical markers of bone turnover, especially percent change in urinary NTx levels, can be used to determine BMD response to antiresorptive therapy in Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Towards adaptive autonomous robots in autism therapy: varieties of interactions (2004)

This paper reports results deriving from the Aurora project (www.aurora-project.com) where we have pioneered research into the possible use of robots in autism therapy. Autistic children have difficulties in social interaction, communication and fantasy and imagination. As part of the project we run trials where autistic children are playing with a small, non-humanoid mobile robot that can engage children in simple interaction games. In our project we focus on the behavioural, rather than the affective level of robots used in therapy. In this paper we first discuss in more detail varieties of interactions where one child, or two children simultaneously, play with a robot. We then outline a new research direction in the project which studies how a mobile robot can adapt to individual children. Quantitative examples of activity levels in child-robot interactions are included. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions for adaptive robots in autism therapy.
Optical integrating balloon device for photodynamic therapy (2000)

Background and Objectives It is difficult to deliver light uniformly and efficiently over the complex shapes presented by various organs for photodynamic therapy (PDT). A balloon delivery device for photodynamic therapy was designed and tested for treatment of various anatomic tissues. The device uses the principle of optical integration by multiple internal diffuse reflections to achieve uniform output illumination. Study Design/Materials and Methods Soft, white, medical-grade silicone balloons were made in various shapes and tested for optical output, uniformity, efficiency, and power capabilities. Balloons were cast to be approximately the shape of the target tissue surface, organ, or cavity. Laser power was introduced into the saline-filled balloon by one or more fiber optics. Devices were constructed and used to illuminate oral mucosa and uterine endometrium for PDT. Results The balloon walls had low optical absorption, high diffuse reflectivity (80–95%), and low diffuse transmittance (5–20%) in the 500- to 900-nm wavelength region. Optical efficiencies of 65% were typical with emitted light over complex, nonspherical surfaces. Efficiency increased with inflation of the device, such that irradiance (power/area) at the balloon surface was nearly constant with inflation. Conclusion Optically integrating balloons can provide highly uniform, efficient light exposure over complex tissue surfaces. Uniformity and irradiance were not strongly affected by balloon inflation, and these robust devices are easy to produce in essentially any shape. Lasers Surg. Med. 26:58–66, 2000 © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Light-triggered self-assembly of triarylamine-based nanospheres (2012)

Tailored triarylamine units modified with terpyridine ligands were coordinated to Zn2+ ions and characterized as discrete dimeric entities. Interestingly, when these complexes were subsequently irradiated with simple visible light in chloroform, they readily self-assembled into monodisperse spheres with a mean diameter of 160 nm.
Closed-Loop Charged Relative Motion Experiments Simulating Constrained Orbital Motion (2010)

Coulomb spacecraft actively control their potential through continuous charge emission, generating inter-spacecraft electrostatic forces for formation control. This paper presents experimental results of autonomous relative motion control with Coulomb forces. Tests are performed in a terrestrial environment without resorting to expensive vacuum or plasma chambers. A simple charge feedback control algorithm is successfully implemented, yielding the first experimental closed-loop charged relative motion results. The results demonstrate how the one-dimensional test track mimics the constrained spacecraft orbital motion along the orbit radial, along-track, or out-of-plane directions. These dynamic systems are replicated by either leveling the test track or adding a small tilt to bias the relative motion in one direction. The relative motion is controlled by the dominant Coulomb forces even in the presence of induced bias and unknown perturbations. This paper quantifies primary disturbances and highlights the suitability of the vacuum force model to atmospheric force generation.
Anionic N<i>‐</i>Heterocyclic Carbenes That Contain a Weakly Coordinating Borate Moiety (2012)

Huckepack: Anionische N-heterocyclische Carbene werden vorgestellt, die ihre negative Ladung als eine schwach koordinierende anionische Borat-Einheit im Rückgrat tragen. Diese Carbene können für die Entwicklung silberfreier Zugänge zu neutralen Gold(I)-Katalysatoren genutzt werden, deren Leistung bei Enin-Umlagerungen der anderer kationischer Gold(I)-Katalysatoren ähnelt. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Integrated power supply planning and floorplanning (2002)

One of the most challenging issues in today's high-performance VLSI design is to ensure high-quality power supply to each individual circuit blocks. Reduced power supply voltage can result in slower cell switching, or even circuit failure. Nevertheless, most floorplanning methodologies have ignored power supply considerations. Thus, the resulting floorplan may suffer from local hot spots and insufficient power supply for certain circuit blocks. In this paper, we present an optimal power supply planning algorithm based on network flow to shorten the current paths from power bumps to local power supply wirings. We have incorporated our algorithm into a floorplanning algorithm for integrated floorplanning and power supply planning. Experimental results are encouraging.