gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Bipolar Transistors with Various Depths of n<sup>+</sup> Buried Layers Formed by High-Energy Ion Implantation (1992)

Bipolar transistors having n + buried layers of various depths formed by high-energy ion implantation are investigated in order to obtain bipolar transistor of various performances in a single chip. The breakdown voltage between the emitter and the collector ( B V CEO ) values are controlled and decreased with increasing oxide thickness with high-energy ion implantation in Si dioxide films of varying thicknesses. The maximum B V CEO value obtained is 7.8 V. Base-collector leakage currents are very small when secondary defects are contained within the n + buried layer. This method should be very effective for designing both BiCMOS and multifunction LSIs.
Effect of S1P5 on proliferation and migration of human esophageal cancer cells (2010)

S1P binding to S1P5 inhibits the proliferation and migration of S1P5-transfected Eca109 cells. Esophageal cancer cells may down-regulate the expression of S1P5 to escape the inhibitory effect.
Hydrophilicity Control of Visible‐Light Hydrogen Evolution and Dynamics of the Charge‐Separated State in Dye/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Pt Hybrid Systems (2012)

Visible-light-driven H(2) evolution based on Dye/TiO(2)/Pt hybrid photocatalysts was investigated for a series of (E)-3-(5'-{4-[bis(4-R(1)-phenyl)amino]phenyl}-4,4'-(R(2))(2)-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid dyes. Efficiencies of hydrogen evolution from aqueous suspensions in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as electron donor under illumination at λ>420 nm were found to considerably depend on the hydrophilic character of R(1), varying in the order MOD (R(1)=CH(3)OCH(2), R(2)=H)≈MO4D (R(1)=R(2)=CH(3)OCH(2))>HD (R(1)=R(2)=H)>PD (R(1)=C(3)H(7), R(2)=H). In the case of MOD/TiO(2)/Pt, the apparent quantum yield for photocatalyzed H(2) generation at 436 nm was 0.27±0.03. Transient absorption measurements for MOD- or PD-grafted transparent films of TiO(2) nanoparticles dipped into water at pH 3 commonly revealed ultrafast formation (<100 fs) of the dye radical cation (Dye(·+) ) followed by multicomponent decays, which involve minor fast decays (<5 ps) almost independent of R(1) and major slower decays with significant differences between the two samples: 1) the early decay of the major components for MOD is about 2.5 times slower than that for PD and 2) a redshift of the spectrum occurred for MOD with a time constant of 17 ps, but not for PD. The substituent effects on H(2) generation as well as on transient behavior have been discussed in terms substituent-dependent charge recombination (CR) of Dye(·+) with electrons in bulk, inner-trap, and/or interstitial-trap states, arising from different solvent reorganization.
Coal cars : the first three hundred years (2007)

Railroads - and the efficient, cheap transport they offered between developing cities - were one of the primary catalysts of the Industrial Revolution in both England and the United States. But it was the coal carried by those trains that allowed these cities to grow, expand, and flourish. Martin Robert Karig's landmark book, Coal Cars, is the story of the wide variety of railroad cars that transported that most essential of commodities to new markets. Coal Cars is a comprehensive study of the freight cars that conveyed coal across broad swaths of land that had been impassable before the invention of the steam engine. This groundbreaking volume traces the history and evolution of coal cars from their earliest use in England, to the construction of major railways for the purpose of coal hauling, to the end of the steam era on American railroads. In addition to contextualizing coal cars in the annals of industrial history, the book features extensive design specifications and drawings as well as a complete history of the various safety and mechanical innovations employed on these freight cars. It concludes with a photographic essay illustrating the development of the coal car over its first three hundred years of use. Rich with the grimy romance of emerging industry and crucial to any understanding of American and European history, Coal Cars will be the definitive book on a fascinating chapter of railroad life.
Extraordinary role of Hg in enhancing the thermoelectric performance of p-type SnTe (2014)

Increased band degeneracy<italic>via</italic>Hg doping in SnTe boosts both the maximum and average<italic>ZT</italic>.
Exploration of the equilibrium operating space for NSTX-Upgrade (2012)

This paper explores a range of high-performance equilibrium scenarios achievable with neutral beam heating in the NSTX-Upgrade device (Menard J.E. 2012 Nucl. Fusion 52 083015). NSTX-Upgrade is a substantial upgrade to the existing NSTX device (Ono M. et al 2000 Nucl. Fusion 40 557), with significantly higher toroidal field and solenoid capabilities, and three additional neutral beam sources with significantly larger current-drive efficiency. Equilibria are computed with free-boundary TRANSP, allowing a self-consistent calculation of the non-inductive current-drive sources, the plasma equilibrium and poloidal-field coil currents, using the realistic device geometry. The thermal profiles are taken from a variety of existing NSTX discharges, and different assumptions for the thermal confinement scalings are utilized. The no-wall and ideal-wall n = 1 stability limits are computed with the DCON code. The central and minimum safety factors are quite sensitive to many parameters: they generally increase with large outer plasma-wall gaps and higher density, but can have either trend with the confinement enhancement factor. In scenarios with strong central beam current drive, the inclusion of non-classical fast-ion diffusion raises qmin, decreases the pressure peaking, and generally improves the global stability, at the expense of a reduction in the non-inductive current-drive fraction; cases with less beam current drive are largely insensitive to additional fast-ion diffusion. The non-inductive current level is quite sensitive to the underlying confinement and profile assumptions. For instance, for BT = 1.0 T and Pinj = 12.6 MW, the non-inductive current level varies from 875 kA with ITER-98y,2 thermal confinement scaling and narrow thermal profiles to 1325 kA for an ST specific scaling expression and broad profiles. Scenarios are presented which can be sustained for 8–10 s, or (20–30) τCR, at βN = 3.8–4.5. The value of qmin can be controlled at either fixed non-inductive fraction of 100% or fixed plasma current, by varying which beam sources are used, opening the possibility for feedback control of the current profile. In terms of quantities like collisionality, neutron emission, non-inductive fraction, or stored energy, these scenarios represent a significant performance extension compared with NSTX and other present spherical torii.
Personalizing web search using long term browsing history (2011)

Personalizing web search results has long been recognized as an avenue to greatly improve the search experience. We present a personalization approach that builds a user interest profile using users' complete browsing behavior, then uses this model to rerank web results. We show that using a combination of content and previously visited websites provides effective personalization. We extend previous work by proposing a number of techniques for filtering previously viewed content that greatly improve the user model used for personalization. Our approaches are compared to previous work in offline experiments and are evaluated against unpersonalized web search in large scale online tests. Large improvements are found in both cases.
<title>Periscope Optics And The High-Powered Laser</title> (1979)

The traditional submarine periscope optical layout and the modern high powered laser system represent a first order example of incompatibility. Recent requests for a laser rangefinding capability built into a submarine periscope system have precipitated a new optical design configuration that eliminates most of the inherent problems, making the combination feasible. The evolution of this new design configuration and some of its unique characteristics will be presented.
Evaluation of the APOH gene as a positional candidate for prcd in dogs. (1999)

APOH is expressed in the retina and tightly linked to the prcd locus. However, despite its potential role in phenotypes of abnormal lipid metabolism associated with prcd, the gene has been excluded as a primary candidate for prcd by linkage analysis.
A novel functional polymorphism in the uridine diphosphate–glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 promoter with significant impact on promoter activity (2004)

To clarify the molecular determinants of the metabolic variability of morphine, we searched for genetic polymorphisms in the gene for uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) and evaluated their functional impact in vitro and in patients with cancer receiving long-term morphine therapy. Genetic analysis revealed the existence of 8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 6 of which are tightly linked and are at positions -1248, -1241, -1054, -842, -268, and -102 relative to the hepatic start site. In contrast, an SNP at position -66 occurs independently, whereas a novel variation at position -79 appears to be in linkage disequilibrium with the codon 268 SNP (UGT2B7*2). At least 4 haplotypes were observed in white subjects included in the initial SNP screening. On functional in vitro characterization, promoter-reporter gene constructs with the -79 variation displayed 2.5- to 7-fold less activity compared with the wild-type construct in Caco-2 colon cells and HepG2 hepatoma cells, respectively (P =.015 and P <.001, respectively). To investigate a possible effect of the -79 variation in vivo, serum morphine and morphine glucuronide concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in patients with cancer who received long-term oral morphine therapy, and subjects were then genotyped for the -79 polymorphism. Among 175 patients with normal hepatic and renal function, 6 were heterozygous for the -79 variation, and the morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G)/morphine and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G)/morphine ratios versus those in the 169 noncarriers were 5.9 +/- 3.5 versus 7.1 +/- 7.0 for M6G/morphine (P =.96) and 31.2 +/- 17.1 versus 42.9 +/- 31.2 for M3G/morphine (P =.53), respectively. Further studies in larger samples are needed to make conclusions about the possible clinical relevance of the -79 polymorphism in the UGT2B7 gene.
Current Concepts concerning Indispensable Amino Acid Needs in Adults and Their Implications for International Nutrition Planning (1990)

Using a newly proposed amino acid scoring pattern, an assessment is made of the capacity of diets in developed and developing countries to satisfy human amino acid needs. The new adult pattern differs from that proposed by FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) for the adult but is similar to that for two- to five-year-old children. FAO food availability data were used to evaluate the dietary patterns in selected countries, including those of Africa, the Far East, and the Near East. Lysine appears to be the limiting amino acid in diets heavily dependent on cereals, characteristic of those in poor countries; the analysis reveals that for these countries the mean lysine supply is below the newly estimated requirements, implying that adults could be at risk of an inadequate intake, especially when total protein availability is low. Further, this analysis reveals that when animal foods contribute about one-third of the total protein supply or when animal foods together with pulses and soybeans account for about 40% of the total protein supply, the lysine requirement for the population will be met. For the US diet, the high proportion of the total protein contributed by animal foods, about 68%, provides a lysine intake that is well above the estimated requirement and that is almost constant across all age and sex groups. This reassessment leads to the recommendation that, especially in countries whose diet is mainly dependent on cereals, complementation to improve dietary protein quality should remain a consideration in the design and implementation of food, nutrition, and agricultural programmes and policies.
Identification of components of the female sex pheromone of the potato tuber moth, <i>Scrobipalpopsis solanivora</i> (1985)

Abstract The sex pheromone produced by virgin female S. solanivora moths has been shown to contain ( E )‐3‐dode‐cenyl acetate with approximately 2% of the Z isomer by electroantennography and gas chromatography. In the field, traps baited with ( E )‐3‐dodecenyl acetate alone or in combination with 1 % or 2% of the Z isomer caught at least as many male S. solanivora moths as those baited with virgin female moths, and there was some evidence that addition of 5% of the Z isomer reduced catches. RÉSUMÉ Identification des constituants de la phéromone sexuelle femelle de la Teigne de la Pomme de Terre , Scrobipalpopsis solanivora Pov . S. solanivora est l'un des plus importants lépidoptères détruisant les pommes de terre en Amérique Centrale. L'analyse par chromatographic en phase gazeuse (GC) des produits obtenus par lavage de l'ovipositeur de femelles vierges, associée à des électro‐anténnogrammes (EAG) a révélé un composé actif unique en EAG. Les durées de rétention pour ce constituant correspondaient à celles des acétates monoinsaturés à 12 carbones, et les analyses sur colonne GC liées avec une phase liquide cristal ont montré un pic principal correspondant à l'acétate (E)‐3‐dodécényl et un pic secondaire, correspondant à l'isomère Z, et au niveau de 2,5% du pic principal. L'acétate dodécyl a aussi été décelé en quantités variables, approximativement 10% du pic principal. Dans la nature, des pièges contenant de l'acétate (E)‐3‐dodécényl, seul ou mélangé avec 1 ou 2% de l'isomère Z, ont capturé autant des mâles de S. solanivora que des pièges contenant des femelles vierges, et certaines indications montrent que l'addition de 5% de l'isomère Z réduit les captures.
Next-generation ArF Laser technologies for multiple-patterning immersion lithography supporting leading edge processes (2018)

Multiple patterning ArF immersion lithography has been expected as the promising technology to meet tighter process control requirements. The most important features for the next generation light sources are improvement of chip yield, enhancement of productivity and reduction of operational costs for chipmakers [1][2]. One of key performance for light source is E95 bandwidth, which has become more important parameter for enhancing process margin and improving device productivity. A faster actuator to move a lens improves E95 bandwidth stability [3]. This technology enables 3σ of E95 bandwidth field average to be under 10 fm. This contributes to more precise CD control and improves device yield. Latest LNM enables E95 bandwidth to lower from the standard 300 fm to 200 fm [4]. The large shrinkage for E95 bandwidth is achieved by introducing the ingenious design in LNM. High purity E95 bandwidth improves imaging contrast and therefore increases exposure latitude. A new control algorithm enables E95 bandwidth to vary up to 450 fm, leveraging the movable lens. The combination of the new LNM, the movable lens and the new bandwidth control algorithm enables E95 bandwidth to control between 200 fm and 450 fm [5]. The tunable E95 bandwidth technology can improve process productivity for chip makers by compensating not only machine to machine difference of imaging contrast but also difference of imaging contrast between different generation scanners. The tunable E95 bandwidth technology has no influence on key laser performance indicator, dose stability, wavelength stability, E95 bandwidth stability, etc. On the other hand, to reduce downtime and operational costs for chipmakers, the lifetime of consumable modules such as a chamber and a line narrowing module (LNM) is needed to be extended. New electrodes with chamber enables chamber lifetime to extend from 60 billion pulses (Bpls) to 70 Bpls. Furthermore, new optical design in LNM enables the lifetime to extend from 60 Bpls to 110 Bpls. A new ArF excimer laser, GT65A, maximizes device yield, process productivity and minimizes the operational costs for chipmakers.
High Speed TVR for Power Distribution Lines and its Test Results (2003)

The novel thyristor voltage regulator (TVR) for power distribution lines is discussed. It has faster response time, lighter weight, and higher maintainability compared with the existing TVR's. The newly developed “jumping-tap method” demonstrated high-speed response of 0.1 second. Thanks to this method, a big voltage disturbance caused by motor starting, for example, could be compensated. Reverse power flow cause judgement is discussed.
Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor Accelerates Dermal Wound Healing (1992)

Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) is a potent mitogen in vitro for many cells of ectodermal and mesodermal embryonic origin including skin-derived epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. Based on the mitogenic activity for these skin-derived cells, we tested the ability of topically applied aFGF to promote healing of full-thickness dermal wounds in healthy rodents. Low doses of aFGF can produce almost a two-fold maximum acceleration in the rate of closure of full-thickness dermal punch biopsy wounds in young healthy mice and rats. The mitogen also produces a 3 to 4 day acceleration in the time to complete closure in rats. Quantitative histomorphometric analysis of wound tissue shows that aFGF induces a marked stimulation of angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation and the growth of new epithelium, but does not promote dermal contraction. Application of aFGF to linear incisions in rat skin produces a transient increase in wound tensile strength accompanied by enhanced cellularity and deposition of collagen. Therefore, aFGF functions as a pharmacological agent that can accelerate dermal wound healing in rodents and could act therapeutically to promote dermal tissue repair in humans.
Towards Automatic Detection of Misinformation in Online Medical Videos (2019)

Recent years have witnessed a significant increase in the online sharing of medical information, with videos representing a large fraction of such online sources. Previous studies have however shown that more than half of the health-related videos on platforms such as YouTube contain misleading information and biases. Hence, it is crucial to build computational tools that can help evaluate the quality of these videos so that users can obtain accurate information to help inform their decisions. In this study, we focus on the automatic detection of misinformation in YouTube videos. We select prostate cancer videos as our entry point to tackle this problem. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we introduce a new dataset consisting of 250 videos related to prostate cancer manually annotated for misinformation. Second, we explore the use of linguistic, acoustic, and user engagement features for the development of classification models to identify misinformation. Using a series of ablation experiments, we show that we can build automatic models with accuracies of up to 74%, corresponding to a 76.5% precision and 73.2% recall for misinformative instances.
Construction of Structured LDPC Codes for AWGN and Binary Erasure Channels (2005)

An algebraic method for constructing structured regular and irregular LDPC codes with girth at least six is presented. The parity check matrices of the proposed codes are arrays of permutation matrices obtained by decomposing Euclidean geometries. Masking is applied to the resultant parity check matrices to yield codes with various degree distributions. The proposed codes perform well over AWGN channels and binary erasure channels when decoded iteratively.
Spontaneous tumor rejection by <i>cbl-b</i> –deficient CD8+ T cells (2007)

The concept of tumor surveillance implies that specific and nonspecific components of the immune system eliminate tumors in the early phase of malignancy. Understanding the biochemical mechanisms of tumor immunosurveillance is of paramount significance because it might allow one to specifically modulate spontaneous antitumor activity. We report that inactivation of the E3 ligase Casitas B cell lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) confers spontaneous in vivo rejection of tumor cells that express human papilloma virus antigens. Moreover, cbl-b(-/-) mice develop significantly fewer ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin malignancies and reject UVB-induced skin tumors. CD8(+) T cells were identified as key players in the spontaneous tumor rejection response. Loss of Cbl-b not only enhances antitumor reactivity of CD8(+) T cells but also occurs in the absence of CD4(+) T cells. Mechanistically, cbl-b(-/-) CD8(+) T cells are resistant to T regulatory cell-mediated suppression and exhibit enhanced activation and rapid tumor infiltration. Importantly, therapeutic transfer of naive cbl-b(-/-) CD8(+) T cells is sufficient to mediate rejection of established tumors. Even up to 1 yr after the first encounter with the tumor cells, cbl-b(-/-) mice carry an "anticancer memory." These data identify Cbl-b as a key signaling molecule that controls spontaneous antitumor activity of cytotoxic T cells in different cancer models. Inhibition of Cbl-b is a novel approach to stimulate long-lasting immunity against cancer.
Ccna exam prep (exam 640-802), second edition (2007)

The CCNA Exam Prep,i¾ Second Edition,i¾ i¾ is an in-depth training guide for the new CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) certification from Cisco. Published in the popular Exam Prep series, the book incorporates all the topics tested in this newly-revised exam, including new security, VPN, wireless, IPv6, and troubleshooting coverage. The authors emphasize sub-netting concepts because this is historically a difficult roadblock for Cisco certification candidates. This Exam Prep covers all the exam objectives and will givei¾ you a thorough understanding of each testable concept in addition to real-world configuration examples for configuring a wide range of Cisco devices. The Prep begins with an objectives quick reference and includes chapter summaries with a list of key terms, exercises, review questions, and an exam on chapter content with detailed answers. Exam Preps include notes, tips, cautions, and exam alerts to helpi¾ you focus on important issues.i¾ If you arei¾ preparing for this exam you will find the Exam Prep series to be the complete certification solution for the CCNA exam.
Cloning and characterization of a tryptophanase gene from Enterobacter aerogenes SM-I8 (1993)

A tryptophanase gene from Enterobacter aerogenes SM-18 was cloned and sequenced. The structural gene for tryptophanase, tnaA, consisted of 1389 bp encoding 462 amino acid residues, and its nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence showed significant homology to those of tnaA from Escherichia coli K12. A short open reading frame consisting of 31 amino acid residues was found upstream of tnaA, and it showed some similarity to the E. coli tnaC gene known to be a cis-acting regulatory element for transcription. A partial open reading frame homologous to the 5' end of E. coli tnaB was observed at the 3'-flanking region of tnaA. These genes may thus constitute an operon as in E. coli.