gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macrophage enzyme and reduced inflammation drive brain correction of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB by stem cell gene therapy (2017)

Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB is a paediatric lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of the enzyme α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU), involved in the degradation of the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulphate. Absence of NAGLU leads to accumulation of partially degraded heparan sulphate within lysosomes and the extracellular matrix, giving rise to severe CNS degeneration with progressive cognitive impairment and behavioural problems. There are no therapies. Haematopoietic stem cell transplant shows great efficacy in the related disease mucopolysaccharidosis I, where donor-derived monocytes can transmigrate into the brain following bone marrow engraftment, secrete the missing enzyme and cross-correct neighbouring cells. However, little neurological correction is achieved in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB. We have therefore developed an ex vivo haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy approach in a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB, using a high-titre lentiviral vector and the myeloid-specific CD11b promoter, driving the expression of NAGLU (LV.NAGLU). To understand the mechanism of correction we also compared this with a poorly secreted version of NAGLU containing a C-terminal fusion to IGFII (LV.NAGLU-IGFII). Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB haematopoietic stem cells were transduced with vector, transplanted into myeloablated mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB mice and compared at 8 months of age with mice receiving a wild-type transplant. As the disease is characterized by increased inflammation, we also tested the anti-inflammatory steroidal agent prednisolone alone, or in combination with LV.NAGLU, to understand the importance of inflammation on behaviour. NAGLU enzyme was substantially increased in the brain of LV.NAGLU and LV.NAGLU-IGFII-treated mice, with little expression in wild-type bone marrow transplanted mice. LV.NAGLU treatment led to behavioural correction, normalization of heparan sulphate and sulphation patterning, reduced inflammatory cytokine expression and correction of astrocytosis, microgliosis and lysosomal compartment size throughout the brain. The addition of prednisolone improved inflammatory aspects further. Substantial correction of lysosomal storage in neurons and astrocytes was also achieved in LV.NAGLU-IGFII-treated mice, despite limited enzyme secretion from engrafted macrophages in the brain. Interestingly both wild-type bone marrow transplant and prednisolone treatment alone corrected behaviour, despite having little effect on brain neuropathology. This was attributed to a decrease in peripheral inflammatory cytokines. Here we show significant neurological disease correction is achieved using haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy, suggesting this therapy alone or in combination with anti-inflammatories may improve neurological function in patients.
Recent Trends in Glycodendrimer Syntheses and Applications (2008)

Carbohydrate protein interactions are at the front of several biological interactions spanning from cell growth and differentiation, cell signaling, apoptosis, cancer, and microbial infections. Classical medicinal glycochemistry has so far concentrated on designing glycosyl transferase and glycohydrolase inhibitors for which only handful candidates have emerged. Added to the complexity of drug resistances, drugs in development have rapidly witnessed this limitation as well. New approaches are therefore highly encouraged. Amongst these, blocking pathogen adhesions to host tissues as an early preventive mechanism is a foreseeable potentiality. It has the clear advantage that the pathogens are unlikely to mutate their anchoring motifs without upsetting their own binding to host tissues. An added dilemma is that these binding interactions are usually too weak to provide suitable drug candidates. As a consequence, the community has successfully come up with multivalent glycoconjugates having greatly enhanced avidity. An alternative strategy in which both monovalent ligands as well as the multivalent scaffolds undergoing QSAR improvement is thus suggested. This review will highlight recent trends toward the design of multivalent glycodendrimers and their biological applications.
β-Pro7Ang III is a novel highly selective angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, which acts as a vasodepressor agent via the AT2R in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (2015)

We have previously shown that individual β-amino acid substitution in angiotensin (Ang) II reduced Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) but not Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2R)-binding and that the heptapeptide Ang III exhibited greater AT2R:AT1R selectivity than Ang II. Therefore, we hypothesized that β-amino-acid-substituted Ang III peptide analogues would yield highly selective AT2R ligands, which we have tested in binding and functional vascular assays. In competition binding experiments using either AT1R- or AT2R-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, novel β-substituted Ang III analogues lacked appreciable AT1R affinity, whereas most compounds could fully displace (125)I-Sar(1)Ile(8) Ang II from AT2R. The rank order of affinity at AT2R was CGP42112 > Ang III > β-Pro(7) Ang III=Ang II > β-Tyr(4) Ang III ≥ PD123319 >> β-Phe(8) Ang III >> β Arg(2) Ang III=β-Val(3) Ang III >> β-Ile(5) Ang III. The novel analogue β-Pro(7) Ang III was the most selective AT2R ligand tested, which was >20,000-fold more selective for AT2R than AT1R. IC50 values at AT2R from binding studies correlated with maximum vasorelaxation in mouse aortic rings. Given that β-Pro(7) Ang III was an AT2R agonist, we compared β-Pro(7) Ang III and native Ang III for their ability to reduce blood pressure in separate groups of conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. Whereas Ang III alone increased mean arterial pressure (MAP), β-Pro(7) Ang III had no effect. During low-level AT1R blockade, both Ang III and β-Pro(7) Ang III, but not Ang II, lowered MAP (by ∼30 mmHg) at equimolar infusions (150 pmol/kg/min for 4 h) and these depressor effects were abolished by the co-administration of the AT2R antagonist PD123319. Thus, β-Pro(7) Ang III has remarkable AT2R selectivity determined in binding and functional studies and will be a valuable research tool for insight into AT2R function and for future drug development.
Traffic Morphing: An Efficient Defense Against Statistical Traffic Analysis. (2009)

Recent work has shown that properties of network traffic that remain observable after encryption, namely packet sizes and timing, can reveal surprising information about the traffic’s contents (e.g., the language of a VoIP call [29], passwords in secure shell logins [20], or even web browsing habits [21, 14]). While there are some legitimate uses for encrypted traffic analysis, these techniques also raise important questions about the privacy of encrypted communications. A common tactic for mitigating such threats is to pad packets to uniform sizes or to send packets at fixed timing intervals; however, this approach is often inefficient. In this paper, we propose a novel method for thwarting statistical traffic analysis algorithms by optimally morphing one class of traffic to look like another class. Through the use of convex optimization techniques, we show how to optimally modify packets in real-time to reduce the accuracy of a variety of traffic classifiers while incurring much less overhead than padding. Our evaluation of this technique against two published traffic classifiers for VoIP [29] and web traffic [14] shows that morphing works well on a wide range of network data—in some cases, simultaneously providing better privacy and lower overhead than naïve defenses. 1
Streaming Potentials in Diatomite Filtration of Water (1964)

The purposes of this study were to: determine from streaming potential measurements the zeta potential of representative grades of diatomite used in water filtration; determine the effect of chemically treated water on the zeta potential of diatomite filter aids; and, determine the effect of electropositive materials used for coating diatomite on the zeta potential of coated filter aids. A smal1 acrylic plastic filter equipped with silver‐silver chloride electrodes was used as a streaming potential cell in this study. Streaming potentials were measured and recorded with a recording potentiometer that was connected across the two electrodes. Head losses were measured with a differential manometer containing bromoform for a manometer fluid. Filtration rates were indicated with a rotameter and were checked volumetrically during each filter run with a graduated cylinder as a check on the rotameter.
Using Group Theory to Construct and Characterize Metaheuristic Search Neighborhoods (2005)

Over the past four years, a Consortium composed of The University of Texas at Austin, the Air Force Institute of Technology and the US Air Force Air Mobility Command has been remarkably successful in developing the theoretical foundations of group theoretic tabu search (GTTS) and applying it to a set of complex military logistics problems. This paper briefly recounts some of those accomplishments and describes the underlying mathematical framework that supported them. The symmetric group on n letters, Sn can be used to build and solve equations whose coefficients and variables are permutations, i.e., elements of Sn. These equations efficiently describe search neighborhoods for combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) whose solutions can be modeled as partitions, orderings, or both (P|O problems). Following the introduction, the second section describes neighborhoods that preserve a cycle solution structure and recounts examples of how group theory has been used to provide new and useful insights into search neighborhoods. The third section describes neighborhoods for multiple cyclic solution structures. Section 4 considers a hybrid move neighborhood that borrows from Sections 2 and 3. The fifth section overviews some highly successful applications of the GTTS approach. The final section contains concluding remarks and offers suggestions for future work. The paper's goals are: (1) to illustrate that move neighborhoods can be cast into a group theoretic context and that new powerful neighborhoods can be easily “hand tailored” using group theory; and (2) to motivate others to consider how the unifying mathematical framework of group theory could be further exploited to gain powerful new understandings of direct search move neighborhoods.
Discretization, Simulation, and Swanson's (Inaccurate) Mean (2011)

Summary Swanson's mean (SM) is heavily used within the oil and gas industry to approximate continuous probability distributions such as the log-normal. In this paper, we document the errors induced by this practice, which, as we show, has no theoretical justification for any distribution other than the normal. In parallel, we review methods to discretize continuous distributions and compare these methods to Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. We demonstrate that the best discretization methods have an accuracy equivalent to that of tens of thousands of MC trials.
Effect of androgenic gland ablation on sexual characters of the male Indian white prawn Penaeus indicus H. Milne Edwards. (1991)

Bilateral and rectomy was carried out in penaeid prawns.Results indicated that in the absence of androgenic glallds male secondary sexual characters once lost cannot be\nregenerated. Andrectomy also appeared to block\nspermatogonial differentiation.
Feature motivated polarization scattering matrix decomposition (2002)

A method of decomposing the polarization scattering matrix into parts corresponding to nonreciprocal, asymmetric, and symmetric scatterers is presented. The decomposition is used to classify scattering matrices into one of eleven classes. The decomposition and classification scheme is applied to fully polarimetric, millimeter-wave measurement data. Results for a simple array of scatterers and for a truck are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biological Characteristics of Barley Stripe-Mosaic Virus Strains and Their Evolution (1965)

Crop Production/Industries, Production Economics
EPR identification of intrinsic defects in SiC (2008)

Abstract The structure determination of intrinsic defects in 4H‐SiC, 6H‐SiC, and 3C‐SiC by means of EPR is based on measuring the angular dependence of the 29 Si/ 13 C hyperfine (HF) satellite lines, from which spin densities, sp‐hybrid ratio, and p‐orbital direction can be determined over major atoms comprising a defect. In most cases, not only the assignment of the variety due to the inequivalent sites ( h ‐ and k ‐sites in 4H‐SiC) but also the identification of the defect species is accomplished through the comparison of the obtained HF parameters with those obtained from first principles calculations. Our works of identifying vacancy‐related defects such as the monovacancies, divacancies, and antisite‐vacancy pairs in 4H‐SiC are reviewed. In addition, it is demonstrated that the observation of the central line of the T V2a center of S = 3/2 has been achieved by pulsed‐ELDOR. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
<title>Determinations Of Linear And Nonlinear Phase Distributions</title> (1977)

An electronic/optical system capable of determining the linear and/or non-linear phase distribution of a complex amplitude wavefront is described. The use of this scheme in space variant pattern recognition is emphasized and its applicability to other optical data processing cases noted.
Supervised navigation and manipulation for impaired wheelchair users (2005)

Respectful health care for elderly or physically challenged people requires an increasing number of nursing staff. Technological developments can help to reduce the caretaking costs and increase the quality of life by providing users with appliances that allows them to regain partial independence. In this context, we are developing a wheelchair combined with a manipulator, which uses machine vision to assist patients while performing navigation and manipulation tasks. Our goal is to provide the user with the means to move freely and interact with the environment through a simple interface, which can be used by people with severe disabilities. The system does not only provide means for navigation, but also assists casualties in their rehabilitation process.
Increased QT dispersion during hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (1999)

Significant changes in the repolarization of the heart can be seen during hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes, indicating an increased risk of arrhythmia at low blood glucose levels.
Structures of Carbon Nanocrystals (2004)

Single-crystal electron nanodiffraction patterns have been obtained from nanocrystals of various phases formed within carbonaceous balls produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). For the face-centered cubic phase, n-diamond, with cell dimension a = 0.36 nm, the relative intensities of the (200) reflection (forbidden for the diamond structure) and the (111) reflection suggest that the structure may include hydrogen atoms, and theoretical analyses support this possibility. There is evidence for a body-centered cubic phase with a = 0.31 nm, and the incorporation of hydrogen in this structure is suggested. Small amounts of hexagonal diamond, i-carbon, and other cubic phases are also present.
Electrical properties of selectively grown homoepitaxial diamond films (1991)

Boron-doped homoepitaxial diamond films were selectively grown using sputtered SiO2 as a masking material. Uniform thickness, down to 50 nm, over a large area can be achieved with this technique. Hall mobility of selectively grown films is comparable to that of high-pressure high-temperature synthetic bulk diamond with a corresponding carrier concentration.
Time to Live (TTL) Processing in MPLS Networks (Updates RFC 3032) (2003)

This document describes TTL processing in hierarchical networks.
It updates rfc-3032 MPLS Label Stack Encoding. TTL processing in
both pipe and uniform model hierarchical tunnels are specified with
examples for both push and pop cases. The document also
complements rfc-3270 MPLS Support of Differentiated Services and
ties together the terminology introduced in that document with TTL
processing in hierarchical networks.
An On-Chip Power Supply Regulator to Reduce the Switching Noise (2010)

In a synchronous clock-distribution network of typi cal automotive chips, digital circuits switch simultaneously on the clock edge; therefore, they generate high-switching (or di/dt) noise on the power supply lines due to sharp peaks of the supply cur rent, which is the source for electromagnetic emissions (EME). In this paper, we demonstrate an effective combination of two design techniques for di/dt noise reduction based on the supply current-shaping technique: 1) introducing an EME-suppressing regulator (EME-SR) with a digital feedback loop and 2) FM of the discrete-time EME-SR's clock. The former technique reduces the time-domain peaks as well as the spectral power of the supply cur rent by a discrete-time EME-SR and a tank capacitor. The latter technique reduces the peak spectral power of the supply current by spreading this power into the sidelobes.
FKBP5 expression in human adipose tissue: potential role in glucose and lipid metabolism, adipogenesis and type 2 diabetes (2018)

FKBP5 gene expression in human SAT tends to be increased in T2D subjects and is related to elevated glucose levels. Moreover, FKBP5 gene expression is inversely associated with the expression of lipolytic, lipogenic and adipogenic genes. SAFit1 can partly prevent glucose uptake impairment by glucocorticoids, suggesting that FKBP51 might be a key factor in glucocorticoid-induced IR.
E-CAI: a novel server to estimate an expected value of Codon Adaptation Index (eCAI) (2008)

The E-CAI server provides a direct threshold value for discerning whether the differences in CAI are statistically significant or whether they are merely artifacts that arise from internal biases in the G+C composition and/or amino acid composition of the query sequences.
Transcellular transactivation by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat protein (1991)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transactivator (tat) protein produced in one cell activated HIV-1 promoter-directed gene expression in a second cell, provided the cells were in direct contact with one another. This observation suggests that the tat protein produced in HIV-1-infected cells has a physiological effect on neighboring cells.
Learning Input Correlations through Nonlinear Temporally Asymmetric Hebbian Plasticity (2003)

Triggered by recent experimental results, temporally asymmetric Hebbian (TAH) plasticity is considered as a candidate model for the biological implementation of competitive synaptic learning, a key concept for the experience-based development of cortical circuitry. However, because of the well known positive feedback instability of correlation-based plasticity, the stability of the resulting learning process has remained a central problem. Plagued by either a runaway of the synaptic efficacies or a greatly reduced sensitivity to input correlations, the learning performance of current models is limited. Here we introduce a novel generalized nonlinear TAH learning rule that allows a balance between stability and sensitivity of learning. Using this rule, we study the capacity of the system to learn patterns of correlations between afferent spike trains. Specifically, we address the question of under which conditions learning induces spontaneous symmetry breaking and leads to inhomogeneous synaptic distributions that capture the structure of the input correlations. To study the efficiency of learning temporal relationships between afferent spike trains through TAH plasticity, we introduce a novel sensitivity measure that quantifies the amount of information about the correlation structure in the input, a learning rule capable of storing in the synaptic weights. We demonstrate that by adjusting the weight dependence of the synaptic changes in TAH plasticity, it is possible to enhance the synaptic representation of temporal input correlations while maintaining the system in a stable learning regime. Indeed, for a given distribution of inputs, the learning efficiency can be optimized.
DJammer: a New Digital, Mobile, Virtual, Personal Musical Instrument (2005)

Named for the combination of the words DJ and Jamming, the DJammer allows its users to manipulate their music using standard DJ techniques as well as interact with others in virtual jam sessions through the exchange and sharing of multiple music streams. In this paper, we describe the evolution of the DJammer including the interactive process and evaluation which led to the latest prototype. This latest prototype allows its users to "touch" their digital music through single-handed manipulation and control. By allowing both creativity and communication with digital music, the DJammer is a new musical instrument which takes the next step in the evolution of portable music players.
Piezoelectric polymer transducers for dynamic pressure measurements (1976)

The report describes the construction, testing and calibration of piezoelectric polymer sensing transducers of two sizes. The piezoelectric material was obtained by poling 25 micrometer thick, polyvinylidene fluoride sheet. Sensors with an active area of 1 cm diameter, intended for dynamic interface-pressure measurements, were calibrated in a fixture generating normal pressure transients by means of piston impact. Sensors with an active area of 2 mm diameter, intended for measuring dynamic pressures while implanted in the cranium of rhesus monkeys, were calibrated in an oil cell with a piston-cylinder seal which provided hydraulic pressure transients by means of impact on the piston. The larger sensors had a normal-pressure sensitivity around 3 microvolts/Pa (20 mV/psi) and the smaller sensors a hydraulic-pressure sensitivity around 0.7 microvolts/Pa (5 mV/psi).
Synthetic Lethal Screen of an EGFR-Centered Network to Improve Targeted Therapies (2010)

Intrinsic and acquired cellular resistance factors limit the efficacy of most targeted cancer therapeutics. Synthetic lethal screens in lower eukaryotes suggest that networks of genes closely linked to therapeutic targets would be enriched for determinants of drug resistance. We developed a protein network centered on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is a validated cancer therapeutic target, and used small interfering RNA screening to comparatively probe this network for proteins that regulate the effectiveness of both EGFR-targeted agents and nonspecific cytotoxic agents. We identified subnetworks of proteins influencing resistance, with putative resistance determinants enriched among proteins that interacted with proteins at the core of the network. We found that clinically relevant drugs targeting proteins connected in the EGFR network, such as protein kinase C or Aurora kinase A, or the transcriptional regulator signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), synergized with EGFR antagonists to reduce cell viability and tumor size, suggesting the potential for a direct path to clinical exploitation. Such a focused approach can potentially improve the coherent design of combination cancer therapies.