gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal information as top-down context in binocular disparity detection (2009)

Recently, it has been shown that motor initiated context through top-down connections boosts the performance of network models in object recognition applications. Moreover, models of the 6-layer architecture of the laminar cortex have been shown to have computational advantage over single-layer models of the cortex. In this study, we present a temporal model of the laminar cortex that applies expectation feedback signals as top-down temporal context in a binocular network supervised to learn disparities. The work reported here shows that the 6-layer architecture drastically reduced the disparity detection error by as much as 7 times with context enabled. Top-down context reduced the error by a factor of 2 in the same 6-layer architecture. For the first time, an end-to-end model inspired by the 6-layer architecture with emergent binocular representation has reached a sub-pixel accuracy in the challenging problem of binocular disparity detection from natural images. In addition, our model demonstrates biologically-plausible gradually changing topographic maps; the representation of disparity sensitivity changes smoothly along the cortex.
Rate of incorporation of radiolabelled nucleosides does not necessarily reflect the metabolic state of cells in culture: effects of latent mycoplasma contamination. (1988)

In response to cell-free conditioned medium derived from the human bladder carcinoma line T24 (T24 SN), we found greatly reduced incorporation of tritiated thymidine and uridine ([3H]TdR, [3H]UR) by the human carcinoma lines UCHNCu (small-cell lung carcinoma) and LS174T (colon carcinoma). The effect was not due to an excess of nucleosides or cytokines known to be present in T24 SN. Cell-cycle distribution, increase in cell numbers, and de novo nucleoside synthesis in the indicator cells were only slightly altered. This was in contrast to the gross reduction in [3H]TdR/[3H]UR incorporation and seemed to indicate selective downregulation of pyrimidine-salvage pathways, despite ongoing polynucleotide synthesis. Spontaneous [3H]TdR uptake remained low for several passages in vitro but was readily restored by pharmacological inhibition of de novo pathways with 5-fluoro-deoxy-uridine (5-FUdR). This suggested a stable but reversible regulatory effect of T24 SN on the pyrimidine metabolism of the indicator cells. Further investigation showed degradation of [3H]TdR by a particle-bound activity in T24 SN. Mycoplasma contamination of T24 had not been detectable using standard cultural and staining methods, but became apparent when T24-cell lysates were hybridized with a recently described DNA probe (Goebel & Stanbridge, 1984). We conclude that latent mycoplasma contamination can stimulate changes in cellular pyrimidine metabolism. Our results provide an example for latent mycoplasma infection mimicking metabolic changes in cultured cells by direct interference of a microbial enzyme with the assay system. We describe a rapid and simple bioassay to detect and distinguish particle-associated and soluble phosphorylase activity by [3H]TdR degradation. It may be a useful screening assay for mycoplasma contamination in tissue culture.
R (1993)

Ionisierende Strahlen aussendende Stoffe, die beim Betrieb, der Stillegung oder Beseitigung kerntechnischer Anlagen anfallen und deren Verwertung im Sinne des → Atomgesetzes (1) nach dem Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik nicht möglich oder (2) wirtschaftlich nicht vertretbar ist.
Growth factor involvement in progression of prostate cancer (1998)

Abstract Understanding how the regulation of growth factor pathways alters during prostate cancer (PC) progression may enable researchers to develop targeted therapeutic strategies for advanced disease. PC progression involves the shifting of cells from androgen-dependent growth to an androgen-independent state, sometimes with the loss or mutation of the androgen receptors in PC cells. Both autocrine and paracrine pathways are up-regulated in androgen-independent tumors and may replace androgens as primary growth stimulatory factors in cancer progression. Our discussion focuses on growth factor families that maintain homeostasis between epithelial and stromal cells in the normal prostate and that undergo changes as PC progresses, often making stromal cells redundant. These growth factors include fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factors, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor α, retinoic acid, vitamin D3, and the transforming growth factor β families. We review their role in normal prostate development and in cancer progression, using evidence from clinical specimens and models of PC cell growth.
Diminished Expression of Microtubule-Associated Protein (MAP-2) and β-Tubulin as a Putative Marker for Ischemic Injury in Neocortical Transplants (1995)

The present study examined the immunoexpression of the neuronal cytoskeletal proteins, MAP-2 and β-tubulin within a timed series of rat fetal neocortical transplants. β-tubulin is a major component of microtubules and MAP-2 regulates the assembly and stability of neuronal microtubules and is a major site for the phosphorylation cAMP dependent protein kinase in neurons. Both proteins are strongly expressed in the soma and dendrites of normal neurons. MAP-2 has been shown to be a sensitive marker for ischemia in neurons and is downregulated in this form of injury. Immunoexpression of both MAP-2 and β-tubulin in grafted cortical neurons was markedly reduced when compared to age-matched or even perinatal specimens at all postoperative times. Dendritic staining was confined to random, thin processes with no laminar patterns and staining within somata was very weak. In some specimens, somatic expression was increased and dendrites were more robustly stained when a portion of the graft was juxtaposed to a fiber tract even though in other regions of the same graft there was very weak immunostaining. The present results corroborate previous studies of cortical transplants indicating an immature structure and metabolism, and it is suggested here that the primary factor is a sublethal form of ischemic injury. Another possibility for the relative paucity of cytoskeletal protein expression could be that transplanted neurons undergo a new developmental scheme (neodevelopment) that is brought about by truncated migration patterns and abnormal synaptic connections.
High-Temperature Superconducting Motor Using Y-Ba-Cu-O Bulk Magnets (1995)

A DC motor equipped with melt-processed Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) superconductors as field magnets was constructed. The YBCO bulks were magnetized at temperatures of 65-77 K in a liquid nitrogen vessel by applying a pulsed magnetic field. The maximum output power was 940 W when the YBCO bulks were cooled to 65 K. Continuous running tests were carried out for up to 6 h. We found that the trapped magnetic fluxes are hardly affected by the magnetic field of 7500 A/m generated by the armature current and that cooling of the YBCO bulks to low temperatures is very effective for holding the trapped field at a high level and, hence, substantially elevating the performance of a high-temperature superconducting (HTSC) motor.
Promising Progress in Field Application of Reservoir Electrical Heating Methods (2001)

Abstract Electrical Heating of heavy oil reservoirs has been successfully applied in near wellbore regions. Well stimulations through downhole resistive, dielectric, or induction electric heating systems when applied in suitable reservoirs can triple flow rates for a small additional operating cost. In such cases high-energy conversion ratios such as 10-15 bbls. Of oil for every bbl of oil consumed at the power plant can be achieved. Applications of electric heating can particularly be beneficial in situations where steam cannot be used due to either depth, formation incompatibility, low incipient injectivity, excessive heat losses or existence of thief zones. Additionally, for reservoirs already having a high temperature in the 60-80 degree C and higher range, only a small amount of electric heating-stimulation is enough to increase oil production by an order of magnitude. Some Orinoco reservoirs of Venezuela fall into this category. Heavy oil reservoirs, overlain by heat sensitive permafrost, may also find electrical heating a viable thermal stimulation technique. Electrical heating process has also been adapted to apply in preheat phase of other complimentary processes like VAPEX. The process also has been investigated for hot water flood in deep reservoirs. This paper proposes to use downhole electric systems for stimulating for both vertical and horizontal wells in such reservoirs. Using CMG's thermal simulator-STARS (ref. 7), results of several worldwide investigations are included. A summary of field applications is also presented. In addition, incremental oil recovery vs. energy consumption is tabulated.
Real-Time Recognition of Affective States from Nonverbal Features of Speech and Its Application for Public Speaking Skill Analysis (2011)

This paper presents a new classification algorithm for real-time inference of affect from nonverbal features of speech and applies it to assessing public speaking skills. The classifier identifies simultaneously occurring affective states by recognizing correlations between emotions and over 6,000 functional-feature combinations. Pairwise classifiers are constructed for nine classes from the Mind Reading emotion corpus, yielding an average cross-validation accuracy of 89 percent for the pairwise machines and 86 percent for the fused machine. The paper also shows a novel application of the classifier for assessing public speaking skills, achieving an average cross-validation accuracy of 81 percent and a leave-one-speaker-out classification accuracy of 61 percent. Optimizing support vector machine coefficients using grid parameter search is shown to improve the accuracy by up to 25 percent. The emotion classifier outperforms previous research on the same emotion corpus and is successfully applied to analyze public speaking skills.
Cooperative robotic map correlation from relative position and terrain slope measurements (2003)

A method has been developed to register navigation to map coordinates using multiple robotic vehicles. The method involves measuring the relative positions of all the vehicles and correlating that template to the terrain map to generate candidate map registration values. The root sum squares (RSS) of the differences between the measured maps counterparts are computed for all possible positions of the vehicle template on the map. A lower threshold is set on the RSS differences to establish candidate locations. A grid of points around each vehicle location is established and correlation products, based on map-fitted north-south and east-west slopes for the individual vehicles over all unique candidate pairings, are computed. Vehicles demonstrating the most negatively (i.e., minimum) correlated product sums in the cardinal directions are moved and the cycle is repeated until location convergence is achieved.
Close Genetic Linkage of the Determinants of the Ribitol and <scp>d</scp> -Arabitol Catabolic Pathways in <i>Klebsiella aerogenes</i> (1974)

Klebsiella aerogenes strain W70 has separate inducible pathways for the degradation of the pentitols ribitol and d-arabitol. These pathways are closely linked genetically as determined by transduction with phage PW52. There are two regulatory sites for the ribitol catabolic pathway as defined by loci for mutations to constitutive synthesis of ribitol dehydrogenase and d-ribulokinase, rbtB and rbtC. The two control sites are separated by a site represented by the dalB22 mutation. This mutation deprives the cell of the ability to induce synthesis of d-arabitol dehydrogenase and d-xylulokinase activities. Two additional regulatory mutations for the d-arabitol pathway, dalC31 and dalC37, map to the opposite side of rbtB13 relative to dalB22. The order of the genetic sites thus far determined for this region is dalK-dalD-dalC31, dalC37-rbtB13-dalB22-rbtC14-rbtD-rbtK, where dalK and dalD represent structural genes for the kinase and dehydrogenase of the d-arabitol pathway, respectively, and rbtK and rbtD represent the corresponding genes for the ribitol pathway. The two mutations that lead to constitutive synthesis of the d-arabitol-induced enzymes, dalC31 and dalC37, have different phenotypes with regard to their response to xylitol. The growth of dalC31 is inhibited by xylitol, but the toxicity can be reduced by increasing the levels of ribitol dehydrogenase either by induction with ribitol or by selection of a ribitol dehydrogenase-constitutive mutation.
Instance-based AMN classification for improved object recognition in 2D and 3D laser range data (2007)

In this paper, we present an algorithm to identify different types of objects from 2D and 3D\nlaser range data. Our method is a combination of an instance-based feature extraction similar to the Nearest-Neighbor classifier (NN) and a collective classification method that utilizes associative Markov networks (AMNs). Compared to previous approaches, we transform the feature vectors so that they are better separable by linear hyperplanes, which are learned by the AMN classifier. We present results of extensive experiments in which we evaluate the performance of our algorithm on several recorded indoor scenes and compare it to the standard AMN approach as well as the NN classifier. The classification rate obtained with our algorithm substantially exceeds those of the AMN and the NN.
A Dual-Tree Algorithm for Fast <i>k</i>-means Clustering With Large <i>k</i> (2017)

k-means is a widely used clustering algorithm, but for k clusters and a dataset size of N, each iteration of Lloyd's algorithm costs O(kN) time. This is problematic because increasingly, applications of k-means involve both large N and large k, and there are no accelerated variants that handle this situation. To this end, we propose a dual-tree algorithm that gives the exact same results as standard k-means; when using cover trees, we bound the single-iteration runtime of the algorithm as O(N + k log k), under some assumptions. To our knowledge these are the first sub-O(kN) bounds for exact Lloyd iterations. The algorithm performs competitively in practice, especially for large N and k in low dimensions. Further, the algorithm is tree-independent, so any type of tree may be used.
Diffractive Processing of Geophysical Data (1965)

Processing of geophysical data can be accomplished by optical diffraction. The data are in the form of transmissive recordings, environmental photographs, or. drawings. Five analyses can be performed at or near the Fraunhofer diffraction plane with single diffraction, three analyses through spatial filtering with double diffraction, and one (correlation) with triple diffraction. Primary emphasis is on the processing of variable-density seismograms, for which a special recorder has been constructed. Spatial filtering has also been applied to cloud cover pictures and contour maps.
MAK3 encodes an N-acetyltransferase whose modification of the L-A gag NH2 terminus is necessary for virus particle assembly. (1992)

The MAK3 gene is necessary for propagation of the L-A double-stranded RNA virus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MAK3 encodes a protein with substantial homology to the Escherichia coli rimI N-acetyltransferase that acetylates the NH2 terminus of ribosomal protein S18, and shares consensus sequences with a group of N-acetyltransferases. The NH2 terminus of the viral major coat protein encoded by L-A is normally blocked, but we find that it is unblocked in a mak3-1 mutant. L-A virus-encoded proteins produced from a cDNA clone of L-A can encapsidate the L-A (+)-strands in a wild-type host, but not in a mak3-1 mutant strain. The amount of major coat protein found in the particle fraction is reduced greater than 100-fold, and the amount in the total cell extract is reduced 5-10-fold. A modified beta-galactosidase, having as its NH2-terminal the NH2-terminal 13 residues of the L-A-encoded major coat protein, is blocked in a wild-type host, but not in a mak3-1 host. We propose that MAK3 encodes an N-acetyltransferase whose modification of the L-A major coat protein NH2 terminus is essential for viral assembly, and that unassembled coat protein is unstable.
Comparison of ultrasound scanning/Doppler with digital subtraction angiography in evaluating carotid arterial disease. (1983)

A study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of a duplex ultrasound system, combining real-time imaging with pulsed Doppler flow analysis, in detecting and quantifying carotid arteriosclerosis. Vessels were graded as normal, mildly stenotic, moderately stenotic, severely stenotic, or occluded, and results were compared with similarly graded conventional or digital subtraction angiograms. Absolute agreement was found for 151 of 190 vessels (79.5%). Good correlation, in which the duplex examination result was within one grade of severity of the angiographic interpretation, was noted in 34 vessels (17.9%). Five vessels (2.6%) showed poor correlation--three false-positives caused by overinterpretation of disturbed Doppler flow signals, and two false-negatives caused by misinterpretation of images. The duplex examination appears to reliably quantify carotid arteriosclerosis and should provide a valuable noninvasive diagnostic and screening tool.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Alkyl 1,2‐Dihydrochromeno[3,4‐f]quinolines: A Novel Class of Nonsteroidal Progesterone Receptor Modulators. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A dual-band excitation LSP codec for very low bit rate transmission (2002)

In multiband excitation (MBE) vocoders, the excitation spectrum is a series of voiced/unvoiced (v/uv) bands. This allows each speech segment to be partially voiced and partially unvoiced. It has been found that excitation in low frequency region is mostly voiced whereas in high frequency area, it is usually unvoiced. Although dividing the excitation spectrum into several v/uv bands (12 bands are commonly used) provides better output speech quality, its implementation for very low bit rate transmission is very difficult, if not impossible. In the paper, a modified version called a dual-band excitation LSP vocoder is proposed. The excitation spectrum, in this case, contains either one or two v/uv bands. Line spectral pairs (LSP) are used to represent the spectral envelope because of its effectiveness. Speech quality at a transmission rate of 2 kbps has been found to be clear and intelligible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermal annihilation of photo-induced radicals following dynamic nuclear polarization to produce transportable frozen hyperpolarized 13C-substrates (2017)

Hyperpolarization via dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is pivotal for boosting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity and dissolution DNP can be used to perform in vivo real-time <sup>13</sup>C MRI. The type of applications is however limited by the relatively fast decay time of the hyperpolarized spin state together with the constraint of having to polarize the <sup>13</sup>C spins in a dedicated apparatus nearby but separated from the MRI magnet. We herein demonstrate that by polarizing <sup>13</sup>C with photo-induced radicals, which can be subsequently annihilated using a thermalization process that maintains the sample temperature below its melting point, hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C-substrates can be extracted from the DNP apparatus in the solid form, while maintaining the enhanced <sup>13</sup>C polarization. The melting procedure necessary to transform the frozen solid into an injectable solution containing the hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C-substrates can therefore be performed ex situ, up to several hours after extraction and storage of the polarized solid.
Development of cleanliness specifications for single-mode connectors with 1.25 and 2.5 mm ferrules (2006)

Contaminated optical connectors result in degradation of optical performance, functional failures, and increased deployment costs. Currently there is no widely accepted cleanliness standard based on a systematic study of the impact of cleanliness on the optical performance of fiber optic connectors. This paper summarizes the latest research of iNEMI (International Electronics Manufacturing Initiative) on development of cleanliness specification for fiber optics connectors. This research is used as a baseline for the development of IPC-8497-1 "Cleaning Methods and Contamination Assessment of Optical Assembly" standard. It compares the influence of Arizona road dust particles on the optical performance of 2.5 mm ferrules, (SC and FC), and 1.25 mm ferrules, (LC and MU) type connectors. The team measured the insertion loss (IL), return loss (RL), and the geometric parameters for both clean and contaminated connectors. Fiberscope images of the connectors before and after each mating operation were also recorded. Correlations in the changes in optical performance were analyzed as a function of the level, size, and location of the contamination. The IL and RL data were analyzed using statistical methods and images were analyzed using automated software. The particle number, size and occluded area were identified as critical factors on optical signal performance. Based on the experimental results and statistical analysis, the iNEMI team has developed a proposal for an inspection criteria matrix for 1.25 mm ferrule and 2.5 mm SM UPC connectors. The iNEMI team continues to work with IEC Working Group 6, the TIA and the IPC on universally accepted industry standards for cleanliness of fiber optics connectors. The acceptance of an industry standard for single-mode (SM) connectors will result in significant cost savings to the fiber optics industry due to the elimination of insufficient cleaning , over-cleaning, and/or the reduction of contaminated non-conforming material.
Modulation of hepG2 cell net apolipoprotein B secretion by the citrus polymethoxyflavone, tangeretin (2004)

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of tangeretin, a polymethoxylated flavone from citrus fruits, on the regulation of apolipoprotein B (apoB) and lipid metabolism in the human hepatoma cell-line HepG2. The marked reduction in apoB secretion observed in cells incubated with 72.8 microM tangeretin was rapid, apoB-specific, and partly reversible. The reduction also was observed under lipid-rich conditions and found to be insensitive to proteasomal degradation of nascent apoB. We followed our study by examining lipid synthesis and mass. A 24-h exposure of cells to 72.8 microM tangeretin decreased intracellular synthesis of cholesteryl esters, free cholesterol, and TAG by 82, 45, and 64%, respectively; tangeretin also reduced the mass of cellular TAG by 37%. The tangeretin-induced suppression of TAG synthesis and mass were associated with decreased activities of DAG acyltransferase (up to -39.0 +/- 3.0% vs. control) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (up to -35.5 +/- 2.5% vs. control). Tangeretin was also found to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, a transcription factor with a positive regulatory impact on FA oxidation and TAG availability (up to 36% increase vs. control). The data suggest that tangeretin modulates apoB-containing lipoprotein metabolism through multiple mechanisms.
Sex Differences in Reported Concussion Injury Rates and Time Loss From Participation: An Update of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program From 2004–2005 Through 2008–2009 (2016)

Female athletes sustained a higher rate of concussion and, in all sports except lacrosse, had greater time loss from concussion than male athletes. Additional research is needed on sex differences in time loss after concussions.