gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcription units of E1a, E1b and pIX regions of bovine adenovirus type 3. (1999)

The major mRNA species in the E1 region of the genome of bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV3) have been defined by using a combination of PCR, 5' RACE, Northern analysis and DNA sequencing. Independent transcription initiation sites were identified for each of the E1a, E1b and protein IX (pIX) transcription units, but all mRNA species terminated at the same poly(A) addition site immediately downstream of the pIX open reading frame. Thus, the BAV3 E1 region, which consists of the E1a and E1b genes together with that for pIX, functions as a nested overlapping transcription unit. One major mRNA species encoding the E1a protein was found and two mRNAs encoding E1b species, the smaller of which encodes the E1b 17K protein alone and the larger encodes both 17K and 47K E1b proteins, were identified. One mRNA species encodes pIX. The E1a transcript, encoding the predicted 214 residue E1a protein, has four exons. The smaller E1b mRNA has two exons, the second of which corresponds to the last exon of E1a. No introns were detected in the larger E1b mRNA that encodes both the E1b 17K and 47K proteins nor in the mRNA encoding pIX. The relative times of appearance of the mRNAs from the E1-pIX gene region following infection of bovine cells with BAV3 was determined.
Research of Take-off-and-land Waveform Based on Flight Plan Data (2017)

The flight schedule of mega-airports has become a scarce resource. The research of the flight take-off-and-land waveform is conductive to rationally organizing flight operations and improving airport service efficiency. Based on OAG flight plan data, this paper analyzed, concluded and classified the take-off-and-land waveforms of daily passenger flights in the worldâ€™s mega-airports, and finally obtained four types of flight waveforms, namely, zigzag shape, trapezoidal shape, morning-and-evening-peak shape and superimposed shape. Meanwhile, this paper put forward four characteristic indexes to evaluate the flight take-off-and-land waveform, namely, occupied ratio of peak take-off/landing flight, standard deviation ratio of flight sorties, time interval of take-off/landing peak, and paired quantity of landing-take-off peak. Taking Chinaâ€™s airports whose passenger throughput ranking top ten as an example, this paper analyzed the flight take-off-and-land waveforms and characteristic indexes of each airport. The research result shows that the take-off-and-land waveforms of the passenger flight in Chinaâ€™s mega-airport shall be subject to the flight wave with the morning-and-evening-peak shape; the mean value of occupied rate of the peak take-off flight and peak landing flight is respectively 64.1% and 59.0%; the standard deviation ratio of flight sorties is 0.12; there is no obvious landing-take-off peak pair during the daytime operation period and there is a certain gap with the flight operation mode of large international hub airports.
Small‐molecule inhibitors of NMO‐IgG binding to aquaporin‐4 reduce astrocyte cytotoxicity in neuromyelitis optica (2012)

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of spinal cord and optic nerve caused by pathogenic autoantibodies (NMO-IgG) against astrocyte aquaporin-4 (AQP4). We developed a high-throughput screen to identify blockers of NMO-IgG binding to human AQP4 using a human recombinant monoclonal NMO-IgG and transfected Fisher rat thyroid cells stably expressing human M23-AQP4. Screening of ∼60,000 compounds yielded the antiviral arbidol, the flavonoid tamarixetin, and several plant-derived berbamine alkaloids, each of which blocked NMO-IgG binding to AQP4 without affecting AQP4 expression, array assembly, or water permeability. The compounds inhibited NMO-IgG binding to AQP4 in NMO patient sera and blocked NMO-IgG-dependent complement- and cell-mediated cytotoxicity with IC(50) down to ∼5 μM. Docking computations identified putative sites of blocker binding at the extracellular surface of AQP4. The blockers did not affect complement-dependent cytotoxicity caused by anti-GD3 antibody binding to ganglioside GD3. The blockers reduced by >80% the severity of NMO lesions in an ex vivo spinal cord slice culture model of NMO and in mice in vivo. Our results provide proof of concept for a small-molecule blocker strategy to reduce NMO pathology. Small-molecule blockers may also be useful for other autoimmune diseases caused by binding of pathogenic autoantibodies to defined targets.
Quantification of LSD and N-demethyl-LSD in urine by gas chromatography/resonance electron capture ionization mass spectrometry (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantification of LSD and N-demethyl-LSD in urine by gas chromatography/resonance electron capture ionization mass spectrometryHeng Keang. Lim, David. Andrenyak, Paula. Francom, Rodger L. Foltz, and Reese T. JonesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 14, 1420–1425Publication Date (Print):July 15, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00165a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00165a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views263Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Temperature transients in IMPATT diodes (1976)

A model for computing the thermal transient response of a diamond-heat-sinked IMPATT diode has been formulated as a means for accurately predicting the degree of heating or cooling of the junction when the diode is pulsed into or out of avalanche. The model consists of an electrical network analog for the heat conduction process, and the transient analysis of this network has been performed using the IBM Advanced Statistical Analysis Program (ASTAP). Also incorporated into the model are the results of previous numerical determinations of steady-state temperature distributions in IMPATT diamond heat sinks. The thermal responses for diode turnon and turnoff and for power surges have been found for several different designs of IMPATT diodes, both Si and GaAs. Turnon transients calculated with this model have been compared with transients calculated by a published method [11] involving a transcendental equation. The two models were roughly in agreement. However, because the previously published method neglects the heat flow path through the chip, it yielded lower values than the network analog model described here for the junction temperature in the first few microseconds after turnon of the diode. The results of these calculations showed that the transient response varied depending on the size of the chip and that significant temperature changes occurred in time intervals ranging from less than 0.1 µs to several microseconds for practical diodes. The results also showed that a description of the transient response in terms of a simple time constant is not meaningful, because the early response does not approximate an exponential curve. To provide a means for making quite accurate desk calculations of diode thermal transients, two approximations have been derived which can be used without computer programs.
The effect of amino acid starvation on nucleoside uptake and RNA synthesis in Tetrahymena. (1980)

The uptake of nucleosides and the synthesis of RNA in Tetrahymena thermophila were examined following amino acid starvation. Omission of leucine, phenylalanine, or arginine from the medium resulted in a rapid decrease in the incorporation of [3H]uridine into the acid-soluble pool and acid-insoluble material (RNA). Amino acid starvation inhibited the uptake of all ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides tested but did not affect the uptake of amino acids or glucose. In addition, under the conditions used, the omission of an amino acid did not result in a large decrease in amino acid incorporation into total protein. Treatment of cells with cycloheximide or emetine gave results similar to the effects of amino acid starvation, but in these experiments the inhibition of protein synthesis was essentially complete. Nucleotide pool sizes were also measured following amino acid starvation. ATP and UTP levels were essentially unchanged, but the dTTP pool size was decreased by 40%. The decrease in RNA synthesis in vivo in the absence of an essential amino acid was reflected in the endogenous RNA synthetic activity of isolated nuclei. However, when solubilized RNA polymerase activity was measured with calf thymus DNA as template, no significant difference was observed between control and amino acid-starved cells.
Ductular carcinoma of the breast.Serum antibodies to tumor-associated antigens (1979)

Serum antibodies to tumor-associated antigens of breast carcinoma have been studied by indirect immunofluorescence in 109 patients with breast carcinoma and 125 controls, including age/sex matched normal individuals, patients with nonmalignant disease, and patients with malignant disease other than breast cancer. We report here that sera of a large proportion of patients with ductular carcinoma of the breast have antibodies to cell surface and/or intracellular antigens of autologous tumor cells and include evidence that the antigens are absent from a considerable range of normal and other types of malignant tissues. In addition to testing of control sera, specificity of the reacting antibodies was investigated further by testing of sera with normal breast tissue and the absorption of sera from breast cancer patients with various normal tissues and cancer cells. The significance of the findings in breast cancer is discussed.
THE BIOLOGY OF MYCORRHIZA IN THE ERICACEAE (1980)

S ummary Young mycorrhizal plants of Vaccinium macrocarpon could utilize amino acids as a nitrogen source as readily as ammonium whereas aseptically grown plants and plants inoculated with common soil saprophytic fungi were unable to utilize the organic nitrogen compounds. Seedlings of Festuca ovina grown as controls in the sterile condition and in the presence of the ericaceous endophyte also failed to utilize the amino compounds. The capacity of the ericaceous plant to exploit these compounds is therefore dependent upon mycorrhizal infection. In contrast to cultures of Marasmius oreades , the endophyte failed to grow on complex nitrogenous humic and fulvic acids extracted from soils under ericaceous plants. The capacity to utilize simple organic nitrogen compounds could be of importance for mycorrhizal ericaceous plants in mor‐humus soils which are characterized by slow rates of nitrogen mineralization.
Characterization of sponge aggregation factor. Unique proteoglycan complex (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of sponge aggregation factor. Unique proteoglycan complexPierre Henkart, Susie Humphreys, and Tom HumphreysCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 16, 3045–3050Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00740a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views285Altmetric-Citations162LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Pages 19-23 (2011)

Amaç:Tüberkülozun prevalansını yaş gruplarına göre retrospektif olarak dağılımını ortaya koymaktır. Hastalar ve Yöntem: Verem Savaş Dispanserine 1999-2003 yılları arasında hasta olarak başvuran 33596 kişi (14709 bayan and 18887 erkek), retrospektif olarak dağılımı araştırıldı. İkiyüzaltmışüç (82 bayan and 181 erkek), bu süre içinde tüberkülozlu olarak teşhis edildi. M. tuberculosis’in sebep olduğu hastalığın erkeklerde kadınlardan kayda değer oranda daha fazla olduğunu tespit ettik (erkek /bayan=2). Bulgular: M. tuberculosis’in sebep olduğu hastalık oranları (her yüzbin kişide) 1999’da 16.3, 2000’de 11.2, 2001’de 15.1, 2002’de 12.4, 2003’de 13.3 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yaş gruplarına dağılımlarında 0-10 yaş grubunda %3, 11-20 yaş grubunda %10, 21- 30 yaş grubunda %23, 31-40 yaş grubunda %16, 41-50 yaş grubunda %22, 51-60 yaş grubunda %13, 61 ve üstü yaş grubunda ise %14 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Bu çalışmada Tüberkülozun prevalans oranları gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki oranlar gibi bulunmuştur. Fakat Tüberküloz hastalığı prevalansı genç erişkin yaş gruplarında en yüksektir.
Supporting the Problem-Solving Loop: Designing Highly Interactive Optimisation Systems (2020)

Efficient optimisation algorithms have become important tools for finding high-quality solutions to hard, real-world problems such as production scheduling, timetabling, or vehicle routing. These algorithms are typically "black boxes" that work on mathematical models of the problem to solve. However, many problems are difficult to fully specify, and require a "human in the loop" who collaborates with the algorithm by refining the model and guiding the search to produce acceptable solutions. Recently, the Problem-Solving Loop was introduced as a high-level model of such interactive optimisation. Here, we present and evaluate nine recommendations for the design of interactive visualisation tools supporting the Problem-Solving Loop. They range from the choice of visual representation for solutions and constraints to the use of a solution gallery to support exploration of alternate solutions. We first examined the applicability of the recommendations by investigating how well they had been supported in previous interactive optimisation tools. We then evaluated the recommendations in the context of the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). To do so we built a sophisticated interactive visual system for solving VRPTW that was informed by the recommendations. Ten participants then used this system to solve a variety of routing problems. We report on participant comments and interaction patterns with the tool. These showed the tool was regarded as highly usable and the results generally supported the usefulness of the underlying recommendations.
Rapid relaxation of single frog skeletal muscle fibres following laser flash photolysis of the caged calcium chelator, diazo‐2 (1989)

Diazo-2 is a calcium chelator based on BAPTA [(1989) J. Biol. Chem., in press], whose electron withdrawing diazoacetyl group may be rapidly (2000 s-1) converted photochemically to an electron donating carboxymethyl group by exposure to near ultraviolet light, producing an increase in its calcium affinity (Kd changes from 2.2 microM to 0.073 microM) without steric modification of the metal binding site. Photolysis of a 2 mM solution of this compound with a brief flash of light from a frequency-doubled ruby laser (347 nm) caused single skinned muscle fibres from the semitendinosus muscle of the frog Rana temporaria to relax with a mean half-time of 60.4 +/- 5 ms (range 30-100 ms, n = 15) at 12 degrees C, which is faster than the relaxation observed in intact muscles (half-time 133 ms at 14 degrees C [(1986) J. Mol. Biol. 188, 325-342]) and similar to the rate of the fast phase of tension decay in intact single fibres (20 s-1 at 10 degrees C [(1982) J. Physiol. 329, 1-20]).
Infant Botulism in 1931 (1979)

The identification in 1976 in California of infants with botulism (for references, see the companion article in this issue, p 586) prompted a review of state records of all 603 officially classified cases known to have occurred in California between 1899 and 1976. None of these cases occurred in an infant; the youngest case found was that of a 15-month-old child who became ill as part of a common-source outbreak of food-borne botulism. As part of our efforts to elucidate the pathogenesis of infant botulism, we noted that milk products have rarely been associated with food-borne botulism<sup>1</sup>even though pasteurization does not kill<i>Clostridium botulinum</i>spores.<sup>2</sup>Because milk is the principal food of infants, we therefore undertook in 1978 a further review of all reported food-borne botulism cases linked to milk products. One such case that occurred in California in 1931 was listed as "suspected botulism" in Dr
Statistical moments for azimuthal anisotropy characterization (2014)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014Statistical moments for azimuthal anisotropy characterizationAuthors: Benjamin Roure*Benjamin Roure*CGGhttps://doi.org/10.1190/segam2014-0814.1 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract The benefits of separating azimuthal AVO into AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) and AVAz (Amplitude Versus Azimuth) have been demonstrated using Fourier Coefficients. The main advantage is to avoid coupling between the isotropic and anisotropic properties estimates. This paper presents another method to separate AVO and AVAz using statistical moments with the added benefit, under some assumptions, that moments are independent of the anisotropy orientation. The 2nd and 3rd central moments of azimuthal data are related to the anisotropic gradient and anellipticity variation respectively. Moments can be combined to obtain more fundamental anisotropic properties which can be used to obtain unbiased estimates of the anisotropic gradient and orientation. Some templates using moments, Fourier Coefficients and anisotropy model properties are presented to show how these data and model spaces relate to each other and help the interpretation. Keywords: AVO/AVA, Fourier, anisotropy, reflection, reservoir characterizationPermalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2014-0814.1FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2014 Pages: 5183 publication data© 2014 Published in electronic format with permission by the Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 05 Aug 2014 CITATION INFORMATION Benjamin Roure*, (2014), "Statistical moments for azimuthal anisotropy characterization," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 290-294. https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2014-0814.1 Plain-Language Summary KeywordsAVO/AVAFourieranisotropyreflectionreservoir characterizationPDF DownloadLoading ...
Homoepitaxial Single-Crystal Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes for Electroanalysis (2002)

In order to study the properties of single-crystal boron-doped diamond electrodes for electroanalysis, (100) and (111) boron-doped homoepitaxial single-crystal and polycrystalline diamond thin films were deposited by means of microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition. Features in the cyclic voltammograms (CVs) for aqueous supporting electrolyte and in aqueous for polycrystalline electrodes were dominated by behavior typical of (111) single-crystal facets, rather than (100) facets. Apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants for various redox systems were estimated with CV simulation at polycrystalline, (111) and (100, off-axis, 4°). Based on comparison with the Marcus model, the behavior of the values, except for that of indicates apparent outer-sphere electron-transfer, but with a lower density of states compared to glassy carbon or typical metal electrodes. The (111) homoepitaxial film performed better than a polycrystalline film in the cyclic voltammetric detection of serotonin, with signal-to-background ratios of 5 and 2, respectively. Single-crystal diamond may thus be an even more optimal electrode material for electroanalysis than polycrystalline diamond, which has been shown to have superior characteristics as an electrode material. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
An integrating approach to meshing scattered point data (2005)

In this paper, we propose a new method for approximating an unorganized set of points scattered over a piecewise smooth surface by a triangle mesh. The method is based on the Garland-Heckbert local quadric error minimization strategy. First an adaptive spherical cover and auxiliary points corresponding to the cover elements are generated. Then the intersections between the spheres of the cover are analyzed and the auxiliary points are connected. Finally the resulting mesh is cleaned from non-manifold parts. The method allows us to control the approximation accuracy, process noisy data, and reconstruct sharp edges and corners. Further, the vast majority of the triangles of the generated mesh have their aspect ratios close to optimal. Thus our approach integrates the mesh reconstruction, smoothing, decimation, feature restoration, and remeshing stages together.
An Evidence-Based Update on Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (2007)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including both traditional nonselective NSAIDs and the selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors, are widely used for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. NSAIDs are a necessary choice in pain management because of the integrated role of the COX pathway in the generation of inflammation and in the biochemical recognition of pain. This group of drugs has recently come under scrutiny because of recent focus in the literature on the various adverse effects that can occur when applying NSAIDs. This review will provide an educational update on the current evidence of the efficacy and adverse effects of NSAIDs. It aims to answer the following questions: (1) are there clinically important differences in the efficacy and safety between the different NSAIDs, (2) if there are differences, which are the ones that are more effective and associated with fewer adverse effects, and (3) which are the effective therapeutic approaches that could reduce the adverse effects of NSAIDs. Finally, an algorithm is proposed which delineates a general decision-making tree to select the most appropriate analgesic for an individual patient based on the evidence reviewed.