gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure of Flavocetin-A, a Platelet Glycoprotein Ib-Binding Protein, Reveals a Novel Cyclic Tetramer of C-Type Lectin-like Heterodimers<sup>,</sup> (2000)

Snake venom contains a number of the hemostatically active C-type lectin-like proteins, which affect the interaction between von Willebrand factor (vWF) and the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib or platelet receptor to inhibit/induce platelet activation. Flavocetin-A (FL-A) is a high-molecular mass C-type lectin-like protein (149 kDa) isolated from the habu snake venom. FL-A binds with high affinity to the platelet GP Ibalpha-subunit and functions as a strong inhibitor of vWF-dependent platelet aggregation. We have determined the X-ray crystal structure of FL-A and refined to 2.5 A resolution. This is a first elucidation of a three-dimensional structure of the platelet GP Ib-binding protein. The overall structure reveals that the molecule is a novel cyclic tetramer (alphabeta)(4) made up of four alphabeta-heterodimers related by a crystallographic 4-fold symmetry. The tetramerization is mediated by an interchain disulfide bridge between cysteine residues at the C-terminus of the alpha-subunit and at the N-terminus of the beta-subunit in the neighboring alphabeta-heterodimer. The high affinity of FL-A for the platelet GP Ib alpha-subunit could be explained by a cooperative-binding action through the multiple binding sites of the tetramer.
Versatile CO-assisted direct reductive amination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by a supported gold catalyst (2017)

Reductive amination constitutes an attractive strategy for discovering protocols capable of converting biomass into valuable <italic>N</italic>-containing compounds.
Making metadata (1998)

Metadata is an important way of creating order in emerging distributed digital library collections. This paper presents an analysis of ethnographic data gathered in a university library's educational technology center as the staff develops metadata for a mixed physical-digital collection of visual resources. In particular, the paper explores issues associated with the application of standards, uncertain collection and metadata boundaries, distribution and responsibility, the types of description that arise in practice, and metadata temporality and scope. These issues help to characterize a problem space, and to explore the trade-offs collection maintainers must face when they create metadata for heterogeneous materials.
A Simulation Environment for Hybrid Dynamic Systems (2000)

This report describes the architecture and implementation of a simulator environment for models of physical systems with mixed continuous/discrete, hybrid, behavior in the DSblock 4.0 model specification format.
Diazotrophic <i>Burkholderia</i> Species Associated with Field-Grown Maize and Sugarcane (2006)

Until recently, diazotrophy was known in only one of the 30 formally described species of Burkholderia. Novel N(2)-fixing plant-associated Burkholderia species such as B. unamae, B. tropica, and B. xenovorans have been described, but their environmental distribution is scarcely known. In the present study, the occurrence of N(2)-fixing Burkholderia species associated with different varieties of sugarcane and maize growing in regions of Mexico and Brazil was analyzed. Only 111 out of more than 900 isolates recovered had N(2)-fixing ability as demonstrated by the acetylene reduction assay. All 111 isolates also yielded a PCR product with primers targeting the nifH gene, which encodes a key enzyme in the process of nitrogen fixation. These 111 isolates were confirmed as belonging to the genus Burkholderia by using a new 16S rRNA-specific primer pair for diazotrophic species (except B. vietnamiensis) and closely related nondiazotrophic Burkholderia. In Mexico, many isolates of B. unamae (predominantly associated with sugarcane) and B. tropica (more often associated with maize) were recovered. However, in Brazil B. tropica was not identified among the isolates analyzed, and only a few B. unamae isolates were recovered from one sugarcane variety. Most Brazilian diazotrophic Burkholderia isolates (associated with both sugarcane and maize plants) belonged to a novel species, as revealed by amplified 16S rRNA gene restriction profiles, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and protein electrophoresis. In addition, transmissibility factors such as the cblA and esmR genes, identified among clinical and environmental isolates of opportunistic pathogens of B. cenocepacia and other species of the B. cepacia complex, were not detected in any of the plant-associated diazotrophic Burkholderia isolates analyzed.
The Origins of Medulloblastoma Subtypes (2008)

Childhood tumors containing cells that are morphologically and functionally similar to normal progenitor cells provide fertile ground for investigating the links between development and cancer. In this respect, integrated studies of normal cerebellar development and the medulloblastoma, a malignant embryonal tumor of the cerebellum, have proven especially fruitful. Emerging evidence indicates that the different precursor cell populations that form the cerebellum and the cell signaling pathways that regulate its development likely represent distinct compartments from which the various subtypes of medulloblastoma arise. Definitive characterization of each medulloblastoma subtype will undoubtedly improve treatment of this disease and provide important insights to the origins of cancer.
A biologically active, three-fragment complex of horse heart cytochrome c. (1980)

A noncovalent complex of heme fragment containing residues 1 through 25, (1-25)H, and apofragment (1-65) plus apofragment (39-104) has been prepared from horse heart cytochrome c.This complex is biologically active as it can be reduced by lactate dehydrogenase and its light absorption and CD spectral and tryptophan 59 fluorescence-quenching properties are close to those of native cytochrome c.Digestion with trypsin of this complex in the ferrous form has resulted in specific removal of the redundant amino acid sequence.Two derived complexes, one active (55%) and the other inactive (45%), have been isolated.The component fragments of the active complex have been identified as (1-25)H, (28-38), and (56-104).This active ordered complex resembling cytochrome c can be reconstituted within 1 s from these three disordered fragments with an overall apparent dissociation constant <lo-'' M' and M* in the ferric and the ferrous form, respectively, at pH 7.0 and 25°C.Measurements of spectral properties and equilibrium constants and stopped flow kinetic studies suggest a pathway of high probability in assembly of the ferric complex in this system: (1-25)H (28-38):(56-104).Ligation of methionine 80 to the heme iron seems to occur in a late phase compared to assembly and folding of this complex.
A multiwavelet model for 2D object analysis and classification (2002)

A multiwavelet based model utilizing the GHM scaling and wavelet functions has been developed for object classification. Multiwavelets are employed as they possess such important properties as orthogonality, symmetry, and compact support, which cannot be achieved simultaneously with scalar wavelet analysis. Additionally, multiwavelets allow the use of two or more inputs concurrently. In the context of shape analysis this permits modeling both coordinates of an object contour sequence. All these properties make multiwavelets an idea tool for object analysis and classification. The proposed algorithm is invariant to change in scaling, shifting, rotation, and starting point. The scaling function expansion coefficients, which contain maximum energy, are used as features for object classification. Experimental results demonstrate the model's efficacy.
Reaktionen an Indolderivaten, XVI. Die autoxydative Indol‐Chinolon‐Umwandlung eines Camptothecin‐Modells (1972)

Abstract Die pentacyclische Modellverbindung 10 wurde durch autoxydative Indol‐Chinolon‐Umlagerung in 12 umgewandelt und dieses über einige einfache Reaktionsschritte (→ 14 → 15 ) in den aromatischen Grundkörper 11 des Camptothecins ( 1 ) übergeführt.
The Bovine Calpastatin Gene Promoter and a New N-terminal Region of the Protein Are Targets for cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Activity (1998)

To investigate the regulation of calpastatin gene expression, we isolated bovine heart calpastatin cDNAs and 5′-regions of the calpastatin gene. Analysis of 5′-cDNA sequence identified a new translation initiation site that is in frame and 204 nucleotides upstream of the previously designated start site. Conceptual translation from this upstream AUG produces a protein containing 68 additional N-terminal amino acids. This "XL" region contains three potential PKA phosphorylation sites but shares no homology with other regions of calpastatin or with any known protein. Immunoblot studies demonstrated that heart and liver contain a calpastatin protein of 145 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that comigrates with full-length bacterially expressed calpastatin and calpastatin produced by coupled <i>in vitro</i> transcription-translation from the upstream AUG. An antibody raised against the XL region recognized the 145-kDa band, demonstrating that the upstream AUG is utilized and that the 145-kDa band represents full-length calpastatin <i>in vivo</i>. Transient transfection assays demonstrated that sequence within 272 nucleotides upstream of transcription initiation of the calpastatin gene is sufficient to direct moderate level transcription. Promoter sequences further upstream act to inhibit or stimulate transcriptional activity. Exposure of transfected cells to dibutyryl cAMP resulted in a 7–20-fold increase in promoter activity for constructs containing at least 272 nucleotides of upstream promoter sequence. Deletion analysis indicates that at least one cAMP-responsive element resides within 102 nucleotides of transcription initiation.
<title>Contact potential difference methods for full wafer characterization of Si/SiO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> interface defects induced by plasma processing</title> (1998)

We present fundamentals and representative examples of fast non-contact full wafer characterization of oxide and silicon defects induced by plasma and thermal processing steps. Parametric and distribution results are obtained using the recently introduced 'COCOS' and surface doping methodologies that enhance contact potential difference and surface photovoltage methods. The measured parameters include flatband voltage, interface trap density, soft breakdown, oxide surface potential and recovery lifetime. We studied the effects of plasma metal etching and ashing, thermal oxidation, anneal ambients and nitridation methods.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (2010)

Abstract Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is recognized by the World Health Organization as the leading cause of environment‐related birth defects and mental retardation in the western world. It results from prenatal alcohol exposure, the consequences of which fall along a continuum ranging from subtle neurodevelopmental and behavioral manifestations to FAS, the most serious outcome. Recently, the term fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) was coined to encompass all the terms that describe alcohol‐related defects, including FAS (Sokol, Delaney, & Nordstrom, 2003). Other terms, such as fetal alcohol effects (FAE), partial FAS (pFAS), alcohol‐related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), and alcohol‐related birth defects (ARBD) describe other effects within the spectrum.
Design and implementation of high-speed visual tracking system for real-time motion analysis (1996)

This paper describes the design and the implementation of a high-speed visual tracking system based on local correlation matching. The system consists of only two PC board modules, which conform to VME bus specifications. The video module is used to input and output video signals, while the tracking module is used to perform visual tracking with the local correlation method. The tracking module contains three frame memories, an image flow controller, a DMA controller for image data transfer, and a dedicated LSI to perform the correlation matching of 8-bit gray-scale images. The processing time is 110 microseconds for an 8/spl times/8 pixel template and 290 microseconds for a 16/spl times/16 pixel template. This paper also describes some of our experimental implementations, including human tracking, recognition of hand movements and signs, and traffic monitoring. Compared to conventional general-purpose image processing systems, our hardware system is compact and inexpensive. This high-performance system can be used for a wide variety of motion analysis applications.
New synthetic absorbable polymers as BMP carriers: Plastic properties of poly-D,L-lactic acid-polyethylene glycol block copolymers (1999)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are biologically active molecules capable of eliciting new bone formation. In combination with biomaterials, these proteins can be used in a clinical setting as bone-graft substitutes to promote bone repair. To find new synthetic absorbable polymers with plastic nature that can be used as BMP-carrier materials, six types of poly-D,L-lactic acid-polyethylene glycol block copolymer (PLA-PEG) with various molecular weights of PLA and PEG were synthesized. These were PLA6,500-PEG3,000 (P-1), PLA11,500-PEG3,000 (P-2), PLA17,500-PEG3,000 (P-3), PLA6,500-PEG1,000 (P-4), PLA15,000-PEG8,000 (P-5), and PLA8,500-PEG1,000 (P-6). Fifty milligrams of these polymers was mixed with 0 μg (control) or 5, 10, or 20 μg of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2). These pellets were implanted into the dorsal muscle pouches of 144 mice (six pellets consisting of the same polymer and dose of rhBMP-2 for a specific group). Three weeks after surgery, the pellets were harvested and examined by radiographic and histological methods. All P-1 pellets with 10 or 20 μg of rhBMP-2 showed bone formation with hematopoietic marrow and bony trabeculae, as did one third of those with 5 μg of rhBMP-2. The incidence of new bone formation with P-2 pellets or that of P-5 pellets was lower than that of P-1 pellets. No bone was formed in any other type of pellet. These results indicated that the PLA6,500-PEG3,000 polymer with plastic properties was found to work well as a BMP carrier. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 47, 104–110, 1999.
Spinal Applications of Bioabsorbable Implants (2002)

With the increasing use of bioabsorbable implants in a variety of clinical conditions, potential advantages in select spinal applications are now being realized. Newer polymers with biomechanical properties relevant to the requirements of specific spinal implants and resorption rates appropriate for specific spinal applications are being developed. These new materials offer the necessary biomechanical stability of conventional spinal implants without the sequelae associated with metallic implants such as long-term loosening, implant migration, and imaging interference. At this time, the majority of clinical applications for these new polymers have involved tension band plating in the lumbar and anterior cervical spine, anterior spinal interbody reconstruction, posterior bone graft containment, and bone graft harvest site reconstruction.
Cold tolerance mechanisms of the free-living stages of <i>Trichostrongylus colubriformis</i> (Nematoda) (1989)

1. All free-living stages of the nematode parasite of sheep, Trichostrongylus colubriformis Giles, survived exposure to freezing temperatures in contact with water, with the exception of the first-stage juvenile (J1). The third-stage juvenile (J3) was the most resistant stage. The order of relative survival of the different stages was different from that of the lowest F50 (the temperature at which 50% froze), suggesting that an ability to supercool was not the only determinant of survival. 2. The F50 was shown to be a good measure of the degree of supercooling and to extend greatly the lower size limit of organisms that could be measured. 3. The J3 uses a freeze-avoiding strategy by supercooling when in air or covered by liquid paraffin. In water it uses a mixture of freeze-avoiding and freeze-tolerant strategies, with a proportion of the population surviving freezing caused by exogenous ice nucleation. 4. Removal of the J3 sheath results in a shift from freeze avoidance to freeze tolerance, with an overall reduction in survival. A major function of the sheath may be to reduce the probability of exogenous ice nucleation.
Interoperable Multi-Domain Delay-Aware Provisioning Using Segment Routing Monitoring And Bgp-Ls Advertisement (2016)

This paper demonstrates a multi-domain SDN orchestrator using delay information to provision network services using BGP-LS and a novel monitoring system enabled by Segment Routing. Moreover, it is the first implementation and interoperability of the BGP-LS extensions for TE metrics.
Clinical Correlation and Genetic Polymorphism of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proviral DNA Obtained after Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification (1990)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a long sequence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA, to assess the correlation between PCR signal and clinical stage of disease, and to demonstrate the genotypic variability of different HIV isolates. Twenty-four (96%) of 25 anti-HIV-reactive patients and none of 12 controls were positive for HIV proviral DNA by PCR. After quantification of the PCR signal, a significant difference in the relative amount of HIV proviral DNA per 10(5) peripheral blood mononuclear cells between symptomatic patients (Centers for Disease Control [CDC] class IV) (32,284 +/- 5225 cpm [mean +/- SE], equivalent to 802 HIV plasmid DNA copies) and patients without symptoms (CDC class II/III) (5484 +/- 1469 cpm [mean +/- SE], equivalent to 67 HIV plasmid DNA copies) was observed (P less than .01). Restriction analysis of PCR products in selected samples showed extensive genetic polymorphism between different isolates and more than one viral genotype per isolate. There was a clear correlation between the appearance of clinical symptoms in HIV infection and high levels of viral replication.
Design and practical implementation of multifrequency RF front ends using direct RF sampling (2005)

The use of direct RF sampling has been explored as a means of designing multifrequency RF front ends. Such front ends will be useful to multifrequency RF applications such as global navigation satellite system receivers that use global positioning system (GPS) L1, L2, and L5 signals and Galileo signals. The design of a practical multifrequency direct RF sampling front end is dependent on having an analog-to-digital converter whose input bandwidth accommodates the highest carrier frequency and whose maximum sampling frequency is more than twice the cumulative bandwidth about the multiple carrier signals. The principle of direct RF sampling is used to alias all frequency bands of interest onto portions of the Nyquist bandwidth that do not overlap. This paper presents a new algorithm that finds the minimum sampling frequency that avoids overlap. This design approach requires a multifrequency bandpass filter for the frequency bands of interest. A prototype front end has been designed, built, and tested. It receives a GPS coarse/acquisition code at the L1 frequency and GPS antispoofing precision code at both L1 and L2. Dual-frequency signals with received carrier-to-noise ratios in excess of 52 dB-Hz have been acquired and tracked using this system.
Demonstration of secretory IgA in kidneys of patients with IgA nephropathy (2007)

Therefore, these data provide additional evidence for a pathogenic role for SIgA in IgA nephropathy.
An Embedded Common-Mode Suppression Filter for GHz Differential Signals Using Periodic Defected Ground Plane (2008)

A novel low-cost filter design for common-mode noise suppression in high-speed differential signals is proposed. It is realized by periodically etching the dumbbell-shape defected ground structure (DGS) to perturb the return current of the common- mode noise. A transmission-line model for the proposed structure is also developed with good agreement to the full-wave simulation and measurement result. It is found that over 20 dB suppression of common-mode noise can be achieved over a wide frequency range from 3.3 to 5.7 GHz with 3 cascaded DGS cells, while the differential signals still keep good signal integrity in eye-pattern observation. The common-mode current, which generally results in common-mode EMI, on the attached input/output cable is also proved to be efficiently suppressed (15 dB in average) within the stopband by the proposed filter.
Perilymphatic fistula: Surgical experience in the united states (1991)

One survey sent to 6953 individual otolaryngologic practices and 106 departments of otolaryngology at teaching hospitals in the United States, and a more limited survey of 75 patients operated on for perilymphatic fistula (PLF) at the House Ear Institute, addressed aspects of managing PLF: surgical incidence, reliability of diagnostic test, preoperative observations, and disability after surgery. Of surgeons sampled, 93% estimated incidence of PLF surgery to be less than or equal to 1 per 1000 otolaryngologic outpatient visits. The most reliable diagnostic indicators were history, symptomatology, and tympanometric and electronystagmographic fistula tests. About 72% of surgeons reported less than 4 weeks' average delay before surgery. Most surgeons and patients (greater than or equal to 70%) rated length of disability before return to work, exposure to noise, travel by airplane, swimming, and heavy lifting, at several weeks to several months. Diving was the most restricted activity. Results suggest that incidence of surgery and disability with PFL in the United States is very limited.
The use of unified APC/FD in the control of a metal etch area (2004)

An adaptive neural network-based advanced process control software, the Dynamic Neural Controller/spl trade/ (DNC), was employed at National Semiconductor's 200 mm fabrication facility, South Portland, Maine, to enhance the performance of metal etch tools. The installation was performed on 5 identical LAM 9600 TCP Metal etchers running production material. The DNC produced a single predictive model on critical outputs and metrology for each tool based on process variables, maintenance, input metrology and output metrology. Although process metrology is usually measured on only one wafer per lot, the process can be closely monitored on a wafer-by-wafer basis with the DNC models. The DNC was able to provide recommendations for maintenance (replacing components in advance of predicted failure) and process variable adjustments (e.g. gas flow) to maximize tool up time and to reduce scrap. This enabled the equipment engineers to both debug problems more quickly on the tool and to make adjustments to tool parameters before out-of-spec wafers were produced. After a comparison of the performance of all 5 tools for a 2-month period prior to DNC installation vs. a 2-month post-DNC period, we concluded that the software was able to predict when maintenance actions were required, when process changes were required, and when maintenance actions were being taken but were not required. We observed a significant improvement in process C/sub pk/s for the metal etchers in this study.