gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initial Performance and Durability of Ultra-Low Loaded NSTF Electrodes for PEM Electrolyzers (2012)

Water based electrolyzers offer a promising approach for generating hydrogen gas for renewable energy storage. 3M's nanostructured thin film (NSTF) catalyst technology platform has been shown to significantly reduce many of the performance, cost and durability barriers standing in the way of H2/air PEM fuel cells for vehicles. In this paper we describe results from the first evaluations of low loaded NSTF catalysts in H2/O2 electrolyzers at Proton OnSite and Giner, Inc. Over two dozen membrane electrode assemblies comprising nine different NSTF catalyst types were tested in 11 short stack durability tests at Proton OnSite and 14 performance tests in 50 cm2 single cells at Giner Electrochemical Systems. NSTF catalyst alloys of Pt68Co29Mn3, Pt50Ir50 and Pt50Ir25Ru25, with Pt loadings in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 mg/cm2, were investigated for beginning-of-life performance and durability up to 4000 hours as both electrolyzer cathodes and anodes. Catalyst composition, deposition and process conditions were found to be important for meeting the performance of standard PGM blacks on electrolyzer anodes while using only 10% as much PGM catalyst. Analyses of MEA's after the durability tests by multiple techniques document changes in catalyst alloy composition, loading, crystallite structure and support stability.
Mycolyl glycolipids stimulate macrophages to release a chemotactic factor (1990)

We have previously reported that mycolyl glycolipids from Nocardia rubra such as glucose or trehalose mycolates induced granuloma formation in mice. The structure of the carbohydrate moiety of the mycolyl glycolipids influenced the granuloma forming activity profoundly. Here, we have examined the macrophage-chemotactic activity in the culture supernatants stimulated with various glycolipids differing in carbohydrate moiety (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate, or TDM; glucose monomycolate, or GM; mannose monomycolate, or MM; and fructose monomycolate, or FM). A distinctive chemotactic activity was detected with TDM or GM, but, little or none with MM or FM.
Efficient Synthesis of 2-Arylamino-2-imidazolines and 2-Aminobenzimidazoles with Aminoiminomethanesulfonic Acid Derivatives (2011)

从 aminoimino-methanesulfonic 酸衍生物的 2-arylamino-2-imidazolines 和 2-aminobenzimidazoles 的高度有效的合成被描述。方法简单、实际，产生在优秀孤立的收益的 imidazoline 和 benzimidazoline 衍生物。
Serum calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorous levels during various phases of menstrual cycle. (1995)

Serum Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Inorganic phosphorous (Pi) were investigated serially during menstrual, follicular, ovulatory and luteal phases of menstrual cycle in 25 healthy medical student volunteers. The result shows significant cyclic variations within physiological limits in all parameters. Ca level was highest during ovulation (P < 0.001) and lowest during luteal phase (P < 0.001) compared to other phases. Exactly opposite result was observed for Ca level. It is lowest during ovulation (P < 0.001) and highest during the luteal phase (P < 0.001). However, the highest level of Pi was seen during menstrual phase (P < 0.001) and lowest during the luteal phase (P < 0.001). These changes are probably brought about under the influence of cyclic variations of the ovarian hormones.
In vitro activity of fosfomycin-gentamicin, fosfomycin-ceftazidime, fosfomycin-imipenem and ceftazidime-gentamicin combinations against ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (2005)

The effects of antimicrobial combinations against ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from hospitalized patients were investigated. Using the checkerboard titration method, combination of fosfomycin-gentamicin, fosfomycin-ceftazidime, fosfomycin-imipenem and ceftazidime-gentamicin was synergistic against 4, 11, 38 and 39% of 22, 18, 29 and 18 strains tested respectively and additive effect of the combinations against the strains tested was 41, 33, 14 and 44%, respectively. Antagonistic effects against the isolates were noted when fosfomycin was combined with gentamicin (27%), ceftazidime (22%) and imipenem (7%). No antagonistic effect was observed in the ceftazidime-gentamicin combination.
Cytoplasmic Ca2+ is necessary for thrombin-induced platelet activation (1989)

alpha-Thrombin induces a dose-dependent rapid transient increase in platelet cytosolic Ca2+ levels, coming solely from intracellular stores, since EGTA has no effect. In contrast, the post-stimulation equilibrium [Ca2+]in depends upon an influx from the extracellular milieu, and is lower in the presence of EGTA. We measured the Ca2+ transient (with Indo-1, 1-[2-amino-5-(6-carboxyindol-2-yl)-phenoxy]-2-(2'-amino-5'-methylp henoxy)- ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid), cytosolic alkalinization (with BCECF, 2',7-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein), membrane depolarization (with diS-C3-(5), 3,3'-dipropylthiodi-carbocyanide iodide), and degranulation (by beta-glucuronidase release) induced in washed human platelets by 9 nM thrombin in the absence or presence of extracellular or intracellular Ca2+ chelating agents (EGTA and BAPTA, 5,5'-dimethyl-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, respectively). Platelets loaded simultaneously with 2 microM Indo-1 and 15 microM BAPTA (each as the acetoxymethyl ester) before addition of thrombin exhibited no cytoplasmic Ca2+ transient or alkalinization, no depolarization or degranulation. Replenishment of such cells with extracellular CaCl2 restored resting [Ca2+]in. Upon stimulation with 9 nM thrombin these replenished platelets exhibited no Ca2+ transient, and a slow gradual increase in [Ca2+]in from extracellular stores, a slow alkalinization and depolarization, and partial degranulation, all abolished by extracellular EGTA. Thus thrombin-induced platelet activation exhibits a biphasic Ca2+ requirement: the initial transient increase in [Ca2+]in comes from intracellular stores only, while the later steps of depolarization, alkalinization, and degranulation can proceed, albeit more slowly, if only extracellular Ca2+ is available.
Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry 15 (2009)

The book describes the new advances in the science and technology of hydrocolloids which are used in food and related systems. The focus is on the technofunctionality and the biofunctionality of hydrocolloids, giving an appropriate emphasis to the manipulative skills of the food scientist and recognising the special part hydrocolloids can play in supporting human health. Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry 15 captures the latest research findings of leading scientists which were presented at the Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry Conference at the Glyndwr University, Wrexham, UK in June 2009. The areas covered are: - Structure and characterisation - Technofunctionality - Mixed hydrocolloid systems - Food applications - Hydrocolloids and health - Hydrogels for medical applications This book will be a useful information source to researchers and other professionals in industry and academia, particularly those involved with food science.
Detection and Enumeration of HIV-1-Producing Cells by ELISPOT (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot) Assay (1999)

The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay was adapted to detect and enumerate HIV-1-producing cells at the single cell level. With CEM cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) infected in vitro with HIV-1, the ELISPOT assay detected cells that produced HIV-1 antigens and showed that between 5.4% and 9.5% of the p24 antigen-positive CEM cells and 11.1% to 23.6% of the p24 antigen-positive PBMC were productively infected. In HIV-1-infected patients in early stage of the disease and without antiretroviral therapy, up to 4.54 HIV-1-producing cells per 10(6) CD4+ T lymphocytes were detected in peripheral blood and up to 277.75 HIV-1-producing cells per 10(6) CD4+ T lymphocytes were detected in splenic lymphoid tissue. Our results indicate that the ELISPOT assay could represent a new tool to study HIV-1 replication in vivo.
Isolation of a fully infectious variant of parvovirus H-1 supplanting the standard strain in human cells (1995)

A variant H-1 virus, designated H-1 dr virus, was isolated from stock of the standard H-1 virus strain propagated in the newborn human kidney cell line NB-E. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis revealed an in-frame deletion at map positions 39 to 41. This deletion affects the open reading frames encoding the nonstructural proteins NS-1 and NS-2 and the untranslated leader sequence of the R3 transcripts encoding the capsid proteins. In addition, H-1 dr virus harbors a 58-nucleotide duplication inboard from the right-hand terminal palindrome. Internal deletions and terminal reiterations are hallmarks of H-1 virus type I variants that typically are defective interfering particles. Indeed, H-1 dr virus was found to progressively supplant the standard strain in serially coinfected NB-E cell cultures. However, H-1 dr virus differed from previously described type I variants in its full infectivity, as was apparent from its ability to give yields of replication and progeny virus production that were similar to those of the standard virus strain in NB-E cells. Hence, the interference of H-1 dr virus in the propagation of standard H-1 virus in coinfected cells was not accompanied by a drop in the titer of infectious virus. Moreover, H-1 dr virus proved to induce the same pathogenic effects in newborn hamsters as the standard virus strain did.
Reassessment of <scp>HLA</scp>‐G isoform specificity of <scp>MEM</scp>‐G/9 and <scp>4H84</scp> monoclonal antibodies (2012)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is a non-classical HLA class I molecule thought to play a key role in maternal-fetal tolerance. Although initial studies suggested that HLA-G expression is restricted to extravillous cytotrophoblasts, expression was subsequently reported in a wide variety of other human tissues and tumor cells. However, consensus as to the validity of these collective findings has proven difficult because the antibodies used to define the temporal and spatial expression patterns of HLA-G remain incompletely characterized. The aim of our study was to reassess two of the most widely used HLA-G antibodies (MEM-G/9 and 4H84) in HLA-G-positive (JEG-3 and HLA-G transduced) and -negative (dermal fibroblast, mesenchymal stem cell, K562, and Jurkat) lines using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. We found that MEM-G/9 recognized HLA-G3 by flow cytometry, indicating that its epitope is present on the α1 domain of HLA-G. Although 4H84 preferably recognized unfolded HLA-G-free chains, it showed strong non-specificity under certain methodological conditions.
The Receptor for Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator Regulates Fibronectin Matrix Assembly in Human Skin Fibroblasts (2004)

Previous studies have indicated that the receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator, uPAR, can form functional complexes with integrin receptors thereby modulating integrin activity. In the present study, the role of uPAR in the regulation of alpha5beta1-dependent polymerization of the fibronectin matrix was investigated. Incubation of fibroblast monolayers with the P-25 peptide, a uPAR ligand, resulted in a 12-15-fold increase in the accumulation of exogenous fibronectin in the cell layer. The exogenous fibronectin co-localized in the extracellular matrix with endogenous cell-derived fibronectin, and its deposition into the matrix was inhibited by blocking antibodies against the beta1 integrin receptor. The P-25-dependent increase in fibronectin assembly was associated with a 7-8-fold increase in the expression of matrix assembly sites as well as a 37-fold increase in the rate of transfer of cell surface-bound fibronectin into a detergent-insoluble matrix. The effects of P-25 on the matrix assembly were attenuated by incubating cells with either phospholipase C or with antibodies against uPAR, confirming a role for uPAR in the P-25-dependent increase in matrix assembly. P-25-treated cells exhibited a 10-fold increase in the binding of the 120-kDa cell-binding fragment of fibronectin suggesting an increase in alpha5beta1 affinity for fibronectin. Consistent with this, treatment of cells with P-25 also resulted in a 6-10-fold increase in the binding of two different monoclonal antibodies that recognize the active conformation of the beta1 integrin. These results indicate that P-25 increases matrix assembly by altering the activation state of the alpha5beta1 integrin receptor and suggest that changes in integrin activation affect both the number of matrix assembly sites as well as the rate of transfer of cell-bound fibronectin into a detergent-insoluble matrix. These data provide direct evidence that uPAR and integrin receptors synergistically regulate the levels of fibronectin in the extracellular matrix.
Method (1975)

Marx’s methodology can usefully be described as one of abstraction and successive approximation. By ‘abstraction’ we mean extracting the essentials, not being purely theoretical or divorced from reality. The process of successive approximation does not really mean moving closer to a better ‘solution’, but the building of explanations of phenomena on the structure of the essentials. If these explanations are impossible in terms of modification or extension of the first stage of abstract analysis, this implies the essentials themselves are inadequate and need to be changed.
Aerial image geolocalization from recognition and matching of roads and intersections (2016)

Aerial image analysis at a semantic level is important in many applications with strong potential impact in industry and consumer use, such as automated mapping, urban planning, real estate and environment monitoring, or disaster relief. The problem is enjoying a great interest in computer vision and remote sensing, due to increased computer power and improvement in automated image understanding algorithms. In this paper we address the task of automatic geolocalization of aerial images from recognition and matching of roads and intersections. Our proposed method is a novel contribution in the literature that could enable many applications of aerial image analysis when GPS data is not available. We offer a complete pipeline for geolocalization, from the detection of roads and intersections, to the identification of the enclosing geographic region by matching detected intersections to previously learned manually labeled ones, followed by accurate geometric alignment between the detected roads and the manually labeled maps. We test on a novel dataset with aerial images of two European cities and use the publicly available OpenStreetMap project for collecting ground truth roads annotations. We show in extensive experiments that our approach produces highly accurate localizations in the challenging case when we train on images from one city and test on the other and the quality of the aerial images is relatively poor. We also show that the the alignment between detected roads and pre-stored manual annotations can be effectively used for improving the quality of the road detection results.
Role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in glucose and lipid metabolism (2013)

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 has roles in modulating the effect of IGFs by binding to IGFs and inhibiting cell proliferation in an IGF-independent manner. Although recent studies have been reported that IGFBP-3 has also roles in metabolic regulation, their exact roles in adipose tissue are poorly understood. In this review, we summarized the studies about the biological roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. IGFBP-3 overexpression in transgenic mice suggested that IGFBP-3 results in glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. IGFBP-3 knockout (KO) mice exhibited normal insulin level and glucose response after glucose challenge. More recent study in IGFBP-3 KO mice with a high-fat diet demonstrated that IGFBP-3 KO mice exhibited elevated fasting glucose and insulin, but normal response to glucose challenge, suggesting that IGFBP-3 KO mice may induce insulin resistance even though preserved insulin sensitivity. In vitro and in vivo studies using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and rat, IGFBP-3 induced insulin resistance by inhibiting glucose uptake. In contrast, the reduced levels of IGFBP-3 in obesity might induce insulin resistance by suppression of IGFBP-3's anti-inflammatory function, suggesting IGFBP-3 has a protective effect on insulin resistance. Also, proteolysis of IGFBP-3 might contribute to the insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, IGFBP-3 inhibited adipocyte differentiation, suggesting IGFBP-3 may contribute to the insulin insensitivity. Taken together, it is not yet certain that IGFBP-3 has a protective effect or enhancing effect on insulin resistance, and more studies will be needed to clarify the roles of IGFBP-3 in metabolic regulation.
Structures of Uncharacterised Polymorphs of Gallium Oxide from Total Neutron Diffraction (2013)

A structural investigation is reported of polymorphs of Ga(2)O(3) that, despite much interest in their properties, have hitherto remained uncharacterised due to structural disorder. The most crystalline sample yet reported of γ-Ga(2)O(3) was prepared by solvothermal oxidation of gallium metal in ethanolamine. Structure refinement using the Rietveld method reveals γ-Ga(2)O(3) has a defect Fd3m spinel structure, while pair distribution function analysis shows that the short-range structure is better modelled with local F43m symmetry. In further solvothermal oxidation reactions a novel gallium oxyhydroxide, Ga(5)O(7)(OH), is formed, the thermal decomposition of which reveals a new, transient gallium oxide polymorph, κ-Ga(2)O(3), before transformation into β-Ga(2)O(3). In contrast, the thermal decomposition of Ga(NO(3))(3)·9H(2)O first forms ε-Ga(2)O(3) and then β-Ga(2)O(3). Examination of in situ thermodiffraction data shows that ε-Ga(2)O(3) is always contaminated with β-Ga(2)O(3) and with this knowledge a model for its structure was deduced and refined--space group P6(3)mc with a ratio of tetrahedral/octahedral gallium of 2.2:1 in close-packed oxide layers. Importantly, thermodiffraction provides no evidence for the existence of the speculated bixbyite structured δ-Ga(2)O(3); at the early stages of thermal decomposition of Ga(NO(3))(3)·9H(2)O the first distinct phase formed is merely small particles of ε-Ga(2)O(3).
An anodised aluminium waveguide CO<sub>2</sub>laser (1978)

A sealed-off CW waveguide CO2 laser employing longitudinal electrical excitation has been constructed, using an alumina waveguide formed by hard anodising an Al-2% Mg alloy substrate. The breakdown strength of the unsealed oxide film was in excess of 2 kV. This constructional technique offers promise as a cheap and simple means for the fabrication of rugged waveguide lasers.
Proteolytic processing of chromogranin A in purified insulin granules. Formation of a 20 kDa <i>N</i>-terminal fragment (betagranin) by the concerted action of a Ca2+-dependent endopeptidase and carboxypeptidase H (EC 3.4.17.10) (1987)

The nature and subcellular localization of the enzymic activities responsible for the production of the 20 kDa protein betagranin from its 100 kDa chromogranin-A-like precursor was investigated in transplantable insulinoma tissue. [35S]Methionine-labelled precursor was converted by lysed insulin-secretory granules into betagranin and one or more proteins of 47 kDa, via intermediates in the 60-65 kDa range. Lysosome-enriched fractions also processed the precursor, but not into the peptides found in vivo; other fractions, including those enriched in Golgi, were inactive. Conversion of the precursor by granules was quantitative and the products were stable. Inhibitor studies showed that processing occurred by initial endoproteolytic cleavage at sites marked by pairs of basic amino acids, followed by removal of these by carboxypeptidase H. The endopeptidase activity appeared to be a novel metalloenzyme, with a markedly acidic pH optimum (4.8-5). It was inhibited by alanyl-L-lysyl-L-arginyl chloromethane (K0.5 = 1.3 microM), but to a much lesser extent by inhibitor analogues of processing sites defined by single or unpaired basic amino acid residues, e.g. alanyl-L-norleucyl-L-arginylchloromethane (K0.5 greater than 100 microM), leupeptin (K0.5 = 150 microM) and antipain (K0.5 = 40 microM). p-Chloromercuribenzoate (K0.5 = 13 microM), Hg2+ (K0.5 = 16 microM), Zn2+ (K0.5 = 0.8 mM) and vanadate (K0.5 = 7 microM) also abolished activity, as did various anions (SCN- greater than I- greater than Cl- greater than SO4(2-). Group-specific inhibitors of serine, thiol and acidic endopeptidases were without effect. EDTA and CDTA (1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetra-acetic acid), but not 1,10-phenanthroline, abolished endoproteolytic activity. Several bivalent cations could restore activity after EDTA or CDTA inhibition, including Ca2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Sr2+; however, the ion of physiological importance appeared to be Ca2+ (K0.5 = 8 microM). The properties of the granule endopeptidase and its subcellular localization suggested that it is of importance in processing chromogranin A in the pancreatic beta-cell.
Microsoft Access 2010 In Depth (2010)

Access 2010 In Depth is the beyond-the-basics, beneath-the-surface guide for everyone who wants to streamline their work with Access 2010, and get more done in less time. Legendary Access expert Roger Jennings provides specific, tested, proven solutions to the problems Access database users and developers run into every day: challenges other books ignore or oversimplify. Jennings thoroughly covers all facets of working with Access 2010, and adds new chapters on integration and collaboration with Microsoft SharePoint and emulating Table Triggers with Access Data Macros. New coverage also includes: customizable Ribbon and Themes; the revamped Macro Designer; Quick Start Fields; IntelliSense support in Expression Builder; Application Parts and Navigation Forms; conditional formatting and data bars in reports; and new web database publishing techniques. As with all In Depth books, Access 2010 In Depth presents comprehensive coverage, breakthrough techniques, exclusive shortcuts, quick access to information, troubleshooting help for tough problems, and real-world examples with nothing glossed over or left out. Step-by-step instructions with icons guide readers through essential tasks such as designing tables, entering data, importing external data, designing and executing queries, and designing data entry forms and printed reports. Additional chapters on advanced form and report design emphasize data entry efficiency and presentation clarity. By Roger Jennings, a world-renowned Access expert who has sold more than 1.25 million books! Covers all aspects of working with Access 2010, from the customizable Ribbon and Themes to conditional formatting, advanced web database publishing to SharePoint collaboration For everyone who wants to get the most out of Access 2010, from hobbyists to power users to corporate developers
Media Studies (2001)

Media Studies Get access JEFFREY WALSH JEFFREY WALSH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Year's Work in Critical and Cultural Theory, Volume 8, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 42–51, https://doi.org/10.1093/ywcct/8.1.42 Published: 01 October 2001