gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Farfield calibration of large aperture arrays (1981)

The calibration of large aperture sonar transducers in the farfield is difficult due to the problems of propagation and mechanical stability. An experiment is described in which several transducers with apertures up to 40λ were calibrated at 100 kHz, at ranges in excess of 30 m. The measurements were made in a commercial facility which consists of an instrumented barge in a flooded quarry near Cornwall, Ontario. The transducers calibrated are commercial side scan sonar tow fish. The farfield measurements were made with a hydrophone positioned from the ice surface, in late winter. A baffling arrangement arising from a composite tow vehicle configuration was demonstrated to be inappropriate. An alternative two vehicle configuration was subsequently evaluated by calibration at the same facility in summer with the reference hydrophone mounted on a guyed tower. This calibration arrangement proved less practical than the ice based scheme.
Selective excitation of higher order modes in hollow-core PCF via prism-coupling (2014)

Prism-coupling through the microstructured cladding is used to selectively excite individual higher order modes in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). Mode selection is achieved by varying the angle between the incoming beam and the fiber axis, in order to match the axial wavevector component to that of the desired mode. The technique allows accurate measurement of the effective indices and transmission losses of modes of arbitrary order, even those with highly complex transverse field distributions that would be extremely difficult to excite by conventional endfire coupling.
Time domain voicing cutoff (TDVC): a high quality, low complexity 1.3-2.0 kb/sec vocoder (2002)

This paper describes a family of low rate, low complexity speech coding algorithms known as time domain voicing cutoff (TDVC). TDVC is a predictive coding algorithm that employs a single transition frequency dividing voiced and unvoiced excitation. It provides the voicing flexibility of a frequency domain algorithm with lower complexity and rate overhead. TDVC has been previously subjected to a DAM test and received scores of 63.4 and 60.1 at 2.0 and 1.5 kb/sec, respectively.
A Novel Endoscopic Transgastric Fundoplication Procedure for Gastroesophageal Reflux: An Initial Animal Evaluation (1992)

Complications of gastroesophageal reflux are common in adults and children. A variety of surgical procedures have been successfully used to treat this condition. All current techniques require open surgery and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in the high risk, neurologically damaged child. The authors have developed a novel method of creating a gastric fundoplication using an endoscopic transgastric approach in pigs. The procedure involves the creation of an esophageal intussusception into the stomach under direct vision with an endoscope. The gastric fundus is then plicated around the esophagus using a custom stapling device. The transgastric approach allows creation of a fundoplication, is easily performed, is potentially effective at preventing gastroesophageal reflux, and has the obvious advantages of minimally invasive surgery over open techniques of fundoplication.
DSA via hole shrink for advanced node applications (2016)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) has become a promising patterning technique for 7nm node hole shrink process due to its material-controlled CD uniformity and process simplicity.[1] For such application, cylinder-forming BCP system has been extensively investigated compared to its counterpart, lamella-forming system, mainly because cylindrical BCPs will form multiple vias in non-circular guiding patterns (GPs), which is considered to be closer to technological needs.[2-5] This technological need to generate multiple DSA domains in a bar-shape GP originated from the resolution limit of lithography, i.e. those vias placed too close to each other will merge and short the circuit. In practice, multiple patterning and self-aligned via (SAV) processes have been implemented in semiconductor manufacturing to address this resolution issue.[6] The former approach separates one pattern layer with unresolvable dense features into several layers with resolvable features, while the latter approach simply utilizes the superposition of via bars and the pre-defined metal trench patterns in a thin hard mask layer to resolve individual vias, as illustrated in Fig 1 (upper). With proper design, using DSA to generate via bars with the SAV process could provide another approach to address the resolution issue.
PROPOSED RECREATIONAL TRAILS 2003 (2003)

TRL03pA is a line coverage that includes proposed trails located in the State of Florida added up to January 2003.
An account of a Botanical Survey of Dorset. (1937)

An account of a Botanical Survey of Dorset Ronald Good, M.A., F.L.S. Ronald Good, M.A., F.L.S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Proceedings Linnean Society London, Volume 149, Issue 3, September 1937, Pages 114–116, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1937.tb00128.x Published: 09 April 2009
Low-noise visible-blind UV avalanche photodiodes with edge terminated by 2° positive bevel (2002)

4H-SiC avalanche photodiodes edge terminated by a 2° positive bevel have been fabricated and characterised. Low leakage current, positive temperature dependence of breakdown voltage, high avalanche gain and very low noise have been achieved.
An improved colour reagent for the determination of blood glucose by the oxidase system (1972)

A method involving the use of 4-aminophenazone as a colour coupler with sulphonated 2,4-dichlorophenol is described for determining the hydrogen peroxide produced from glucose with glucose oxidase.The sensitivity of the method is such that 20 µg of glucose in a final volume of 4 ml give an optical density of 0·61 at 515 nm with 10-mm cells, corresponding to a molecular absorption of 22 000.
Receptor-targeted metalloradiopharmaceuticals. Final technical report (2000)

Copper (II) and platinum (II) coordination complexes were prepared and characterized. These complexes were designed to afford structural homology with steroidal and non-steroidal estrogens for possible use as receptor-targeted radiopharmaceuticals. While weak affinity for the estrogen receptor was detectable, none would appear to have sufficient receptor-affinity for estrogen-receptor-targeted imaging or therapy.
Studies in Lubrication. VII. The Lubrication of Plane Sliders of Finite Width (1940)

The theory of the lubrication of plane sliders of finite width-thrust block bearings-has been developed by a method that is more convenient for numerical calculations than that of Michell and Boswall. Whereas previously all the derived properties of such systems have had to be obtained by direct graphical and numerical procedures, explicit analytical expressions have been obtained in the present theory for the friction coefficients, the inclination of the wedges, the load-carrying capacities, the minimum film thickness, and the lubricant flow. The theory has been applied numerically to a much wider range of conditions than has been done before. In particular, with respect to self-aligning thrust bearings or sliders, numerical results have been obtained so as to cover both the range where the pivot is very near the center of the slider and where it is set within short distances of the trailing edge. With such extended ranges it has been possible to construct complete curves for the variation of the important derived properties of the slider system as functions of the pivot position.
Xylooligosaccharide increases bifidobacteria but not lactobacilli in human gut microbiota (2014)

This study was conducted to determine the tolerance and effects of the prebiotic xylooligosaccharide (XOS) on the composition of human colonic microbiota, pH and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in order to determine whether significant changes in the microbiota would be achievable without side effects. Healthy adult subjects (n = 32) were recruited in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Subjects received 1.4 g XOS, 2.8 g XOS or placebo in daily doses. The study consisted of a 2 week run-in, an 8 week intervention, and a 2 week washout phase. Stool samples were collected at baseline, after 4 and 8 weeks of intervention and 2 weeks after cessation of intervention. Samples were subjected to culture, pyrosequencing of community DNA, pH and SCFA analyses. Tolerance was evaluated by daily symptom charts. XOS was tolerated without significant gastrointestinal side effects. Bifidobacterium counts increased in both XOS groups compared to the placebo subjects, the 2.8 g per day group showed significantly greater increases than the 1.4 g per day group. Total anaerobic counts and Bacteroides fragilis group counts were significantly higher in the 2.8 g per day XOS group. There were no significant differences in the counts of Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium between the three groups. XOS intervention had no significant effect on stool pH, SCFA or lactic acid. Pyrosequencing showed no notable shifts in bacterial diversity. XOS supplementation may be beneficial to gastrointestinal microbiota and 2.8 g per day may be more effective than 1.4 g per day. The low dose required and lack of gastrointestinal side effects makes the use of XOS as a food supplement feasible.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Pain of the Body and Extremities (2013)

This chapter summarizes the current state of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) in treatment of chronic pain in the body and extremities. Most common indications for PNS in the extremities are chronic pain due to peripheral nerve injury, persistent pain from compressive neuropathy, complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS) type 1 (formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy) and type 2 (formerly known as causalgia), and painful peripheral neuropathy. The chapter concludes that the peripheral neuromodulation approach includes the following three modalities: (1) PNS, which requires implantation of stimulating electrode leads over the affected peripheral nerves, (2) percutaneous PNS, which involves insertion of leads in the vicinity of the nerve with proper guidance, and (3) Peripheral nerve field stimulation (PNFS), which stimulates smaller nerves and nerve endings in the region of pain. It is an effective way to control chronic, disabling, medically refractory neuropathic pain of different etiologies.
A simple algorithm for the reduction of the peak power in a many carrier AM-OFDM signal (2001)

There are no known techniques for the real-time generation of OFDM signals with low peak values when the number of carriers is large and the data rates are high. This paper presents an heuristic algorithm that reduces the peak power to mean power ratio of a 256 carrier AM-OFDM signal to typically less than 2.5 dB and always less than 4.2 dB. This algorithm can be implemented in real time using commercially available FFT/IFFT integrated circuits. Furthermore, AM-OFDM results in receiver simplification. The low peak power to mean power ratios achieved offset the S/N disadvantage of AM.
An algorithm for generating optimised PWM for real time micro control applications (1988)

In the reported literature so far, microprocessor implementations of optimised PWM for inverter-fed AC drives, are basically memory based. The optimised switching instants are computed off-line, using numerical optimisation methods and stored in the microprocessor read only memory (ROM) as look-up tables. The authors overcome the problem of large memory requirements usually associated with optimised PWM and also allow the switching instants to be computed online in real-time while keeping the harmonics distortion factor at an acceptable low level for three-phase applications. Fundamental voltages comparable to those achieved by the quasi-square wave mode are obtained, hence making it very useful at the upper end of the fundamental PWM voltage range, indeed it is possible to perform V/f control over a wider range. Also since the switching angles are computed online, steady-state as well as transient operating conditions are satisfactorily dealt with. >
Liver X Receptor Agonist T0901317 Inhibition of Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression in Hepatocytes May Contribute to the Amelioration of Diabetic Syndrome in<i>db/db</i>Mice (2006)

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a crucial target gene for glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance and hepatic gluconeogenesis linked to the development of type 2 diabetes. The liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that play an important role in the regulation of the metabolic gene linked to carbohydrate homeostasis. To assess the tissue-specific interaction of LXR with GR in the development of type 2 diabetes, we examined the possible effect of LXR agonist T0901317 on GR gene expression in vivo and in vitro in hepatocytes from db/db mice (a model of type 2 diabetes). Chronic ligand activation of LXR by a synthetic LXR T0901317 markedly decreased the expression of both GR mRNA and its protein in liver and improved the phenotype of type 2 diabetes in obese db/db mice. Suppression of hepatic GR expression was correlated with reduced levels of glucose and corresponded to the inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1-mediated synthesis of active corticosterone from inactive 11-dehydrocorticosterone in liver. Treatment of db/db mouse primary hepatocytes with T0901317 resulted in dramatic suppression of GR mRNA and required ongoing protein synthesis. Addition of T0901317 to primary hepatocytes also suppressed the expression of both 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. These findings suggest that some of antidiabetic actions of LXR agonist T0901317 may be mediated, at least in part, through the suppression of hepatic GR gene expression.
New Vaccines May Ward Off Urinary Tract Infections (1997)

What's almost as common as a cold, but, for most sufferers, far more uncomfortable? Urinary tract infections, or UTIs. Caused primarily by Escherichia coli, they send 1.5 million people (mostly women) to the hospital each year in the United States alone, and 7 million more to their doctors. In most cases, the infections are not life threatening: Standard antibiotics usually offer quick relief. But UTIs can recur frequently, and, when untreated, cause kidney damage and even death. A vaccine could reduce this toll, but until now, says Harry Mobley, a microbiologist at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore, there has been “little successful work in UTI vaccines.”
ESTIMATION OF KINETIC PARAMETERS OF COKING REACTION RATE IN PYROLYSIS OF NAPHTHA (2004)

The run length of cracking furnaces is limited by the formation of coke on the internal skin of the reactor tubes. The reaction mechanism of thermal cracking of hydrocarbons is generally accepted as free-radical chain reactions. On the basis of the plant output data and the insight in the mechanisms for coke formation in pyrolysis reactors, a kinetic model describing the coke formation has been developed. It consists of seven reactions for coke formation assuming that the sources of coke formation are ethylene, propylene, butadiene and benzene, toluene, xylene and styrene. The coking model was combined with a rigorous kinetic model for the pyrolysis of naphtha and a reactor model. The parameters for this model were determined using nonlinear Marquardt optimization method. The sum of squares of the deviations between the calculated and plant data was used as the objective function and minimized by the appropriate choice of the portion of each reaction involved in coke formation. Finally the simulated and plant output results agree in a good accuracy.
115-W Tm:YAG diode-pumped solid-state laser (1997)

A compact diode-pumped Tm:YAG laser capable of generating greater than 100 W of CW power at 2 /spl mu/m has been demonstrated. A scalable diode end-pumping architecture is used in which 805-nm radiation, coupled to the wing of the Tm/sup 3+3/H/sub 6/-/sup 3/H/sub 4/ absorption feature, is delivered to the end of the laser rod via a lens duct. To facilitate thermal management, undoped YAG end caps are diffusion bonded to the central doped portion of the laser rod. For 2% and 4% Tm-doped rods of the same length, the lower doping level results in higher power, indicating that cross relaxation is still efficient while offering lower thermal stress and reduced absorption at the laser wavelength. Output powers for various output coupler reflectivities are compared to the predictions of a quasi-three-level model. Thermal lensing, cavity stability, and stress-induced birefringence measurements are described. The beam quality was analyzed with the 2% Tm-doped rod and a flat output coupler, yielding M/sup 2/ values of 14-23.
Microwave Processing of Maple Sap to Maple Syrup and Maple Syrup Products (2001)

A study of the physical process of concentration of maple sap to maple syrup and preparation of maple syrup products by microwave heating is described. Duty cycles of 60, 75 and 100% were used for the microwave application. During the process, some of the drying kinetics are discussed, including the reduction of moisture content with time, the progress of the process in terms of increasing sugar concentration and the power absorbed. Obviously, the rate of water removal was higher in case of the higher duty cycles. The total time required for finishing the syrup was also dependent on the initial mass of the load and the initial sugar content. The products obtained were compared with commercial graded products for the quality and met the highest standards prescribed by the industry. The absence of heat damage or browning of the product was identified as a distinct advantage that could be derived from microwave processing of maple syrup.
Optimal dispatching control for elevator systems during uppeak traffic (2002)

We develop an optimal dispatching controller for elevator systems during uppeak traffic. Uppeak traffic arises when the passengers are moving from the first floor up into a building, e.g., the start of the day. We show that the structure of the policy minimizing the average passenger waiting time is a threshold-based policy. The analysis uses a Markov decision problem formulation with a batch service queueing model consisting of a single queue served by multiple finite-capacity bulk servers. Dynamic programming is used to obtain the structure of the optimal policy and to derive some of its properties.
Ring-Expanding Olefin Metathesis:  A Route to Highly Active Unsymmetrical Macrocyclic Oligomeric Co-Salen Catalysts for the Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution of Epoxides (2007)

In the presence of the third generation Grubbs catalyst, the ring-expanding olefin metathesis of a monocyclooct-4-en-1-yl functionalized salen ligand and the corresponding Co(II)(salen) complex at low monomer concentrations results in the exclusive formation of macrocyclic oligomeric structures with the salen moieties being attached in an unsymmetrical, flexible, pendent manner. The TOF-MALDI mass spectrometry reveals that the resulting macrocyclic oligomers consist predominantly of dimeric to tetrameric species, with detectable traces of higher homologues up to a decamer. Upon activation under aerobic and acidic conditions, these Co(salen) macrocycles exhibit extremely high reactivities and selectivities in the hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of a variety of racemic terminal epoxides under neat conditions with very low catalyst loadings. The excellent catalytic properties can be explained in terms of the new catalyst's appealing structural features, namely, the flexible oligomer backbone, the unsymmetrical pendent immobilization motif of the catalytic sites, and the high local concentration of Co(salen) species resulting from the macrocyclic framework. This ring-expanding olefin metathesis is suggested to be a simple way to prepare tethered metal complexes that are endowed with key features--(i) a high local concentration of metal complexes and (ii) a flexible, single point of attachment to the support--that facilitate rapid and efficient catalysis when a bimetallic transition state is required.
Synthesis of Oligoribonucleic Acid Conjugates Using a Cyclooctyne Phosphoramidite (2010)

The conjugation of a ribonucleic acid 16-mer with the cationic amphiphilic peptide penetratin and an anionic hyaluronan tetrasaccharide by means of Cu-free "click" chemistry is reported. The alkyne-functionalized 16-mer was prepared by automated solid-phase synthesis, using a newly developed strained cyclooctyne phosphoramidite in the final coupling. Cycloaddition of the alkyne functionalized RNA to the azide containing biomolecules led to a clean conversion into the corresponding nucleic acid conjugates.
An in vivo characterization of the cleavage site specificity of the insulin cell prohormone processing enzymes. (1990)

Most peptide hormones and neurotransmitters are synthesized as larger precursor proteins, which are post-translationally processed to mature bioactive products. An early event in prohormone maturation is endoproteolytic cleavage, occurring usually at pairs of basic amino acids (e.g. Lys-Arg). Since many of the characteristics of a prohormone endoprotease are unknown, distinguishing these enzymes from other cellular proteases in vitro has been difficult. In this report, the substrate specificity of a model prohormone processing system, the insulinoma cell line Rin m5F, was characterized in vivo to establish a set of criteria by which putative proinsulin endoproteases may be assessed. To determine the role of composition of the paired basic amino acid site in directing cleavage, a series of mutant prohormones containing altered cleavage sites was constructed and expressed in Rin m5F cells. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) was used as a substrate since this prohormone was previously shown to be processed by these cells. To control for positional effects, all four permutations of lysine and arginine (Lys-Arg, Arg-Arg, Arg-Lys, and Lys-Lys) were introduced at both the efficiently processed cleavage site separating the ACTH and beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) domains of POMC and at the inefficiently processed site in the beta-endorphin sequence near the COOH-terminus of the precursor. His-Arg and Met-Arg sites were also introduced at the ACTH/beta-LPH junction to assess the requirement for paired lysines and arginines. Identification of POMC-derived peptides demonstrated efficient processing of Lys-Arg and inefficient processing of Lys-Lys and Arg-Lys sites at both positions in the prohormone. The Arg-Arg sequence, however, was processed in a position-dependent manner, being efficiently cleaved between ACTH and beta-LPH but only about 50% processed within beta-endorphin. His-Arg was not cleaved in Rin m5F cells, although surprisingly Met-Arg was partially processed. These results indicate a strict preference of the insulinoma prohormone endoprotease(s) for paired basic amino acids ending in arginine, but that processing efficiency of some sequences may be modulated by location within the precursor molecule.
The Contact System and Angiogenesis: Potential for Therapeutic Control of Malignancy (2004)

We have demonstrated that domain 5 (D5, kininostatin) and cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen (HKa) inhibit endothelial proliferation, migration, and neovascularization in the in ovo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, and that D5 and HKa act by stimulating apoptosis and interfering with the cell cycle at the G (1)-S transition. Both intact high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) and low-molecular-weight kininogen induce angiogenesis in the CAM assay by releasing bradykinin. A monoclonal antibody, mAb C11C1, targeted to HK D5, inhibits FGF2- (fibroblast growth factor-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated angiogenesis in the CAM assay by interfering with the binding of HK to endothelial cells. We also demonstrate the inhibitory effects of both mAb C11C1 and glutathione-S-transferase-D5 on the growth of a human tumor supplied by CAM vessels.