gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Case in Case Study Methodology (2001)

The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive view of the case study process from the researcher's perspective, emphasizing methodological considerations. As opposed to other qualitative or quantitative research strategies, such as grounded theory or surveys, there are virtually no specific requirements guiding case research. This is both the strength and the weakness of this approach. It is a strength because it allows tailoring the design and data collection procedures to the research questions. On the other hand, this approach has resulted in many poor case studies, leaving it open to criticism, especially from the quantitative field of research. This article argues that there is a particular need in case studies to be explicit about the methodological choices one makes. This implies discussing the wide range of decisions concerned with design requirements, data collection procedures, data analysis, and validity and reliability. The approach here is to illustrate these decisions through a particular case study of two mergers in the financial industry in Norway.
PARADISE LOST REGAINED? (1981)

PARADISE LOST REGAINED? Get access Reading Paradise Lost. By Robert Crosman. Indiana University Press, 1980; £15, paperback £5.70. JOHN MASON JOHN MASON Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Essays in Criticism, Volume XXXI, Issue 4, October 1981, Pages 362–368, https://doi.org/10.1093/eic/XXXI.4.362 Published: 01 October 1981
The BRCA2-Interacting Protein BCCIP Functions in RAD51 and BRCA2 Focus Formation and Homologous Recombinational Repair (2005)

Homologous recombinational repair (HRR) of DNA damage is critical for maintaining genome stability and tumor suppression. RAD51 and BRCA2 colocalization in nuclear foci is a hallmark of HRR. BRCA2 has important roles in RAD51 focus formation and HRR of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). We previously reported that BCCIPalpha interacts with BRCA2. We show that a second isoform, BCCIPbeta, also interacts with BRCA2 and that this interaction occurs in a region shared by BCCIPalpha and BCCIPbeta. We further show that chromatin-bound BRCA2 colocalizes with BCCIP nuclear foci and that most radiation-induced RAD51 foci colocalize with BCCIP. Reducing BCCIPalpha by 90% or BCCIPbeta by 50% by RNA interference markedly reduces RAD51 and BRCA2 foci and reduces HRR of DSBs by 20- to 100-fold. Similarly, reducing BRCA2 by 50% reduces RAD51 and BCCIP foci. These data indicate that BCCIP is critical for BRCA2- and RAD51-dependent responses to DNA damage and HRR.
Modeling the Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Capacitors during Hybrid-Electric-Vehicle Operation (2008)

A system model has been adapted to simulate the hybrid-pulse-power-characterization test. Simulation results improve upon traditional Ragone plots by capturing the complexity of pulse performance during hybrid-electric-vehicle (HEV) operation. Using this approach, system design (electrode thicknesses and porosities) is optimized for a specific power-to-energy ratio. Lithium-ion batteries are capable of satisfying Department of Energy goals for pulse power and energy densities in HEVs. We show that a 2.7 V electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) available today is unable to meet these goals. It would be necessary to increase the intrinsic capacitance by a factor of 3, or to increase the voltage window to 3.7 V. We also investigate an asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor (a lithium titanate spinel/activated carbon system). We show that this technology, which has a higher energy density than a traditional EDLC, may obtain 13 Wh/kg (without accounting for packaging weight) and has promise for meeting the demands of an HEV.
PALATAL EXPANSION WITH SIX BANDS: an alternative for young adults (2009)

crossbite. METHOD: Opening of the midpalatal suture using a tooth-and-tissue-borne expander. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is the preferred procedure in growing patients because it allows stability with respect to the amount of bone expansion and it avoids teeth expansion. In adults it is frequently associated with failure. However, in individuals past their growth spurt where the midpalatal suture and adjacent circumaxillary articulations have become more rigid, surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion is recommended. The original Haas expander appliance consists of bands fitted to the first molars. Increased anchorage with bands on the second premolars enhances the orthodontic effect and can be used successfully in patients beyond their skeletal growth spurt. CONCLUSION: A non surgical alternative for treating transverse maxillary deficiency with skeletal crossbite in patients after their growth spurt, using a modified Haas palatal expander with six bands is presented.
Short in-fibre Bragg grating structure for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature (2005)

The study of a single short length Bragg grating for sensing applications is presented. The dependences of the central wavelength, reflected optical power and spectral width of a 250 μm length grating on strain and temperature are analyzed. The obtained results indicate the feasibility of this novel sensing head for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature.
Both L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ helper T cells initiate cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against allogenic major histocompatibility antigens but not against trinitrophenyl-modified self. (1985)

This study characterizes the T helper (Th) cells that initiate primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against allogeneic and trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified self class I major histocompatibility (MHC) determinants. We show that two distinct Th cell subsets participate in allospecific CTL responses: (a) an L3T4+,Lyt-2- class II-restricted Th cell population, and (b) an L3T4-,Lyt-2+ class I-restricted Th cell population. Both of these T cell subpopulations were shown to function in allospecific CTL responses as helper cells by their ability to show synergy with allospecific CTL precursors. Thus, primary class I allospecific CTL responses represent an immune response involving not only L3T4+ Th cells, but Lyt-2+ Th cells as well. One of the necessary functions performed by both L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ Th cell populations in allospecific CTL responses was found to be the secretion of interleukin 2. Finally, despite the many similarities between anti-allo- and anti-TNP-CTL responses, anti-TNP-CTL responses were found to be mediated by only L3T4+ Th cells, not by Lyt-2+ Th cells. Consequently, Lyt-2+ Th cells appear to be a helper cell population that is primarily involved in MHC-specific immune responses.
Determination of calcium in complex samples using functional magnetic beads combined with electrodeless/sheathless electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2006)

Conventionally, electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-ITMS) is not used for the analysis of metal ions because metal ions may be of too low mass to be trapped by the mass analyzer. Furthermore, metal ions can easily precipitate during ESI processes because of their poor volatilities. We present an approach for solving these two problems using milk as the sample to demonstrate the feasibility of using ESI-ITMS as the detection method for metal ions. Iron oxide magnetic beads with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) immobilized on their surface were used as affinity probes for calcium ions from dairy drinks. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used for the elution of the metal ions chelated by NTA on the beads. The EDTA eluent was analyzed by electrodeless/sheathless ESI-ITMS. The use of functional magnetic beads to trap metal ions from complex samples can effectively reduce the interference from sample matrix. Using the EDTA eluent as the sample avoids the problem of the low volatility of metal ions during ESI-ITMS analysis. This method gives measurements of calcium ions in dairy drinks quantitatively very close to the true values (<4% error).
Cloning of human cytokine signal transduction inhibitor gene humSOCS-2 (1999)

domain and SOCS box, so it was named humSOCS-2 and the accession number in GenBank is gb/AF020590. The expression analysis showed that the gene is expressed obviously higher in prostate than in other 15 human tissues.
Cardiac Release of Cytokines and Inflammatory Responses in Acute Myocardial Infarction (1995)

Background In animal models of myocardial infarction (MI), inflammatory responses compromise microcirculation during reperfusion and restrict functional recovery. To investigate cardiac inflammatory responses in patients with acute MI, we examined the cardiac release of cytokines, the expression on neutrophils of the β 2 -integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) and L-selectin (CD62L), and the cardiac release of thrombomodulin as a marker of endothelial injury. Methods and Results In 12 patients with acute anterior MI, blood samples were obtained from the coronary sinus and from the aorta immediately before and after recanalization of the coronary occlusion by balloon angioplasty. Twelve patients undergoing elective balloon angioplasty served as control subjects. Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and thrombomodulin were determined by immunoassay, and surface expression of CD11b and CD62L was assessed by flow cytometry. Differences in coronary sinus and arterial blood were found in IL-6 before (median, 6.3 ng/L, P =.01) and after (13.4 ng/L, P =.002) recanalization and in IL-8 after recanalization (10.7 ng/L, P =.02). The cardiac release of both cytokines significantly ( P ≤.03) increased with reperfusion. Cytokine release after reperfusion was associated with significant transcardiac gradients in surface expression on neutrophils of CD11b (10.1 mean channel of fluorescence intensity [mean fl], P =.01) and CD62L (−8.7 mean fl, P =.007) and with a thrombomodulin release (4.5 μg/L, P =.004). Transcardiac gradients in IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were not found. None of the changes found in MI were detectable in the control group. Conclusions As evidence of cardiac inflammatory responses in reperfused acute MI, the study demonstrates cardiac neutrophil activation with signs of endothelial injury and a release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-6. These findings may assist in the design of pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing microvascular reperfusion injury.
Hemocompatibility of electrospun halloysite nanotube‐ and carbon nanotube‐doped composite poly(lactic‐<i>co</i>‐glycolic acid) nanofibers (2012)

Abstract One of the major problems of nanofiber scaffold or other devices like cardiovascular or blood‐contacting medical devices is their weak mechanical properties and the lack of hemocompatibility of their surfaces. In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated within poly(lactic‐ co ‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibers and the mechanical property and hemocompatibility of both types of composite nanofibers with different doping levels were thoroughly investigated. The morphology and internal distribution of the doped nanotubes within the nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofibers were tested using a material testing machine. The hemocompatibility of the composite nanofibers was examined through hemolytic and anticoagulant assay, respectively. We show that the doped HNTs or CNTs are distributed in the nanofibers with a coaxial manner and the incorporation of HNTs or CNTs does not significantly change the morphology of the PLGA nanofibers. Importantly, the incorporation of HNTs or CNTs within PLGA nanofibers significantly improves the mechanical property of PLGA nanofibers, and PLGA nanofibers with or without doping of the HNTs and CNTs display good anticoagulant property and negligible hemolytic effect to human red blood cells. With the enhanced mechanical property, great hemocompatibility, and previously demonstrated biocompatibility of both HNTs‐ and CNTs‐doped composite PLGA nanofibers, these composite nanofibers may be used as therapeutic artificial tissue/organ substitutes for tissue engineering applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Real-time depth imaging (2012)

Diese Arbeit beschreibt Lösungsstrategien zur Realisierung bildbasierter Tiefenmessungen in Echtzeit. Während Menschen sehr gut im Schätzen von Entfernungen sind und somit ihre eigenen Bewegungen und auch Fahrzeuge problemlos steuern können, fehlt Maschinen häufig die Fähigkeit, ihre Umgebung in einer dem Menschen vergleichbaren Weise wahrzunehmen. Diese Diskrepanz verhindert es, dass bestimmte Arbeitsschritte automatisiert werden können. Wir gehen davon aus, dass eine Verbesserung der Methoden zur bildbasierten Tiefenmessung einen entscheidenden Schritt darstellt, diese Lücke zu schließen. Wir untersuchen, inwieweit Tiefenbildkameras verlässliche Daten in Echtzeit liefern. Dabei zeigen wir die Probleme existierender Methoden und Technologien auf und stellen verschiedene Ansätze vor, wie die bildbasierte Tiefenmessung in Echtzeit verbessert werden kann. Wir konzentrieren uns auf sogenannte Lichtlaufzeitverfahren und damit im Speziellen den Einsatz einer Tiefenbildkamera, die auf dem Prinzip des Photonen-Misch-Detektors beruht. Derartige Kameras ermöglichen eine pixelbasierte Distanzmessung in Echtzeit. Allerdings wird die Messung durch mehrere Fehlerquellen beeinflusst. Wir präsentieren Ansätze zur Erkennung dieser Fehler und damit eine Möglichkeit zur Bestimmung der Zuverlässigkeit der Daten dieser Sensoren. Wenn die Zuverlässigkeit bekannt ist, lassen sich die Daten mit denen anderer Sensoren kombinieren. Wir beschreiben eine solche Kombination aus Tiefenbild- und Stereokamera, die neuartige, interaktive Anwendungen auf dem Gebiet der Computergrafik ermöglicht. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir, dass die Fusion von Mehrfachbelichtungen sowohl verbesserte Messungen als auch erweiterte Anwendungsmöglichkeiten mit sich bringt.
Titanium-based nanoswords: Synthesis and characterization (2008)

In this work, we report the discovery of a novel, titanium-based nanostructure, a “nanosword,” that may be quickly and easily synthesized in bulk using an induction heating system. The nanoswords are high-quality, single-crystalline structures that are synthesized without catalysts. The self-sourcing, vapor-solid synthesis technique presented is quick, with synthesis occurring in as low as five minutes, and simple, necessitating only a thin-film of evaporated titanium. Using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the observed thicknesses of the nanoswords were 200–700nm, widths were 20–60nm, and lengths were up to 5μm. The ends of the nanoswords taper at an angle of 78–82° to a sharp tip with radius of curvature as low as 2nm at an angle of 110– 114°. Strong peaks of titanium and oxygen were observed in the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The reaction temperature was observed to influence the nanosword structure, with the best synthesis occurring at approximately 890°C. Three-point bend tests were performed using an atomic force microscope, and the average modulus of elasticity was measured to be 177GPa. The nanosword structures, with their unique shape, repeatable crystallinity, and simple synthesis technique may be used as field emitters, nanobioprobes, nanoswitches, or for plasmonic applications, such as apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy tips or localized surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Conversion of isocyanates to nitro compounds with dimethyldioxirane in wet acetone (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of isocyanates to nitro compounds with dimethyldioxirane in wet acetonePhilip E. Eaton and Gene E. WicksCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 22, 5353–5355Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00257a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00257a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1233Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thermopower in scanning-tunneling-microscope experiments (1990)

We present a theory for the thermopower observed in scanning tunneling microscopy. The lateral variation of the thermopower is found to depend on the logarithmic derivative of the local sample density of states at the Fermi level. We also derive a relation between the thermopower and the nonlinear conductance. The heat transfer due to the tunneling electrons obeys the Wiedemann-Franz law.
Formation and Movement of<sup>14</sup>C-Atrazine Degradation Products in a Sandy Loam Soil Under Field Conditions (1993)

Formation and distribution of 14 C-atrazine degradation products in the top 120 cm of soil were determined over 16 mo under field conditions in an Estherville sandy loam. After 16 mo, 78% of applied 14 C was still present in the soil. By 2 mo after treatment (MAT), 14 C had moved to the 30- to 40-cm depth; however, movement to depths greater than 40 cm was not observed. Greater than 98% of the 14 C remaining in the soil profile after 16 mo was in the top 20 cm. Twenty-seven percent of the 14 C applied was atrazine 16 MAT. Atrazine was the predominant 14 C-compound in soil below 10 cm. Hydroxyatrazine (HA) was the major degradation product in the top 10 cm of soil. The proportion of 14 C as HA in the top 10 cm increased from 15% 2 MAT to 37% 16 MAT. Deethylatrazine (DEA) was the predominant degradation product at the 10- to 30-cm depth and accounted for up to 23% of the 14 C present in the 10- to 20-cm depth. Deisopropylatrazine (DIA) accounted for less than 6% of the radioactivity recovered at any soil depth. The proportion of DEA and DIA increased while the proportion of HA decreased as soil depth increased, indicating that DEA and DIA are more mobile in soil than HA. Detection of HA at depths greater than 10 cm appears to be due to in situ degradation of atrazine previously moved to that soil depth. The large amount of 14 C remaining in the soil 16 MAT suggests that a large pool of atrazine and its degradation products are present in the soil for an extended period following application and have the potential to contaminate ground water.
Characterization of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase-Bim<sub>EL</sub>Signaling Pathway in Neuronal Apoptosis (2004)

The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway plays a critical role in mediating apoptosis in the nervous system; however, the mechanisms by which JNK triggers neuronal apoptosis remain incompletely understood. Recent studies suggest that in addition to inducing transcription of pro-apoptotic genes, JNK also directly activates the cell death machinery. Here, we report that JNK catalyzed the phosphorylation of the BH3-only protein Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (BimEL) at serine 65, both in vitro and in vivo. The JNK-induced phosphorylation of BimEL at serine 65 promoted the apoptotic effect of BimEL in primary cerebellar granule neurons. We also characterized the role of the JNK-BimEL signaling pathway in apoptosis that was triggered by overexpression of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). We found that activation of p75NTR induced the JNK-dependent phosphorylation of endogenous BimEL at serine 65 in cells. The genetic knockdown of BimEL by RNA interference or the expression of a dominant interfering form of BimEL significantly impaired the ability of activated p75NTR to induce apoptosis. Together, these results suggest that JNK-induced phosphorylation of BimEL at serine 65 mediates p75NTR-induced apoptosis. Our findings define a novel mechanism by which a death-receptor pathway directly activates the mitochondrial apoptotic machinery.
Design in the Power-Limited Scaling Regime (2008)

Technology scaling has entered a new era, where chip performance is constrained by power dissipation. Power limits vary with the application domain; however, they dictate the choices of technology and architecture and necessitate implementation techniques that tradeoff performance for power savings. This paper examines technology options in the power-limited-scaling regime and reviews sensitivity-based analysis that can be used for the optimal selection of optimal architectures and circuit implementations to achieve the best performance under power constraints. These tradeoffs are examined in the context of power minimization at the technology, circuit, logic, and architecture levels, both at the design and run times.
Effect of different 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor subtype antagonists on the micturition reflex in rats (2001)

These findings confirm that only selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonists have favourable effects on the bladder, inducing an increase in bladder capacity with no derangement of bladder contractility.
The Structure of YqeH (2008)

AtNOS1/AtNOA1 was identified as a nitric oxide-generating enzyme in plants, but that function has recently been questioned. To resolve issues surrounding AtNOA1 activity, we report the biochemical properties and a 2.36 A resolution crystal structure of a bacterial AtNOA1 ortholog (YqeH). Geobacillus YqeH fused to a putative AtNOA1 leader peptide complements growth and morphological defects of Atnoa1 mutant plants. YqeH does not synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine but rather hydrolyzes GTP. The YqeH structure reveals a circularly permuted GTPase domain and an unusual C-terminal beta-domain. A small N-terminal domain, disordered in the structure, binds zinc. Structural homology among the C-terminal domain, the RNA-binding regulator TRAP, and the hypoxia factor pVHL define a recognition module for peptides and nucleic acids. TRAP residues important for RNA binding are conserved by the YqeH C-terminal domain, whose positioning is coupled to GTP hydrolysis. YqeH and AtNOA1 probably act as G-proteins that regulate nucleic acid recognition and not as nitric-oxide synthases.
La retórica china: Historia y cultura. (2017)

Due to the linguistic and cultural barrier, Chinese rhetoric remains the great unknown inee the international panorama of rhetorical studies, especially in the Spanish-speaking world. The present work has the objective of: 1) making a brief review of the historical evolution of rhetoric in China and a reflection on its traditional lack of disciplinary independence; and 2) exploring some aspects of Chinese rhetoric where cultural incidence is most clearly observed.