gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continued Development of Direct Aerosol Introduction in Constant Temperature Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (1983)

In a previous article, the combination of a sample introduction/desolvation system with a Woodriff type constant temperature furnace atomizer was described. While the performance of the system for the determination of Ag, Cd, Zn, and Pb was characterized by a high sensitivity and reproducibility, utilization of the system described was limited to the determination of easily atomized species due to the relatively low temperatures attainable with the particular furnace employed; also useful lifetime of the graphite furnace components was limited by the desolvator's inability to completely scavenge oxidizing components from the sample. Minor modifications in furnace design allow the analyst to increase the maximum operating temperature, thus expanding the applicability of the particular design while changes in the condenser design significantly increases the desolvation scavenging ability. In this note, the performance, in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility, accuracy, and freedom from simple acid matrix interferances, of this system in the analysis of aqueous samples for Ag, As, Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn is documented.
Vaccinate Against Aspergillosis! A Call to Arms of the Immune System (2004)

Invasive aspergillosis is a devastating and increasingly common disease, seen almost exclusively in immunosuppressed patients. Immunizing an immunocompromised host would seem to be a formidable task; however, virulence factors and immunogens of the pathogen have now been identified and could be targeted, mapping of the genome sequence of the pathogen will soon be completed, and the protective host immune responses and cytokine networking are better understood. These facts, together with recent advances in vaccine science, make consideration of such an approach now possible. Some populations that are at risk for aspergillosis might be likely candidates for receiving the first vaccinations against aspergillosis, or vaccination of a stem cell donor might be considered in some circumstances. Successful immunizations have been demonstrated in turkeys and mice.
Targeting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network in cancer (2013)

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) pathway is a frequently hyperactivated pathway in cancer and is important for tumor cell growth and survival. The development of targeted therapies against mTOR, a vital substrate along this pathway, led to the approval of allosteric inhibitors, including everolimus and temsirolimus, for the treatment of breast, renal, and pancreatic cancers. However, the suboptimal duration of response in unselected patients remains an unresolved issue. Numerous novel therapies against critical nodes of this pathway are therefore being actively investigated in the clinic in multiple tumor types. In this review, we focus on the progress of these agents in clinical development along with their biological rationale, the need of predictive biomarkers and various combination strategies, which will be useful in counteracting the mechanisms of resistance to this class of drugs.
Optically-inspired computing based on spin waves (2016)

We demonstrate the use of spin-wave interference for analog signal processing. We show that wave-computing concepts of optical computing can be used for the design of novel nanoscale spin-wave devices. We present a number of designs to demonstrate, how the basic building blocks of optics can be realized for spin waves. Our designs are demonstrated by means of micromagnetic simulations.
Risk Factors for Foot Infections in Individuals With Diabetes (2006)

Foot infections occur relatively frequently in individuals with diabetes, almost always follow trauma, and dramatically increase the risk of hospitalization and amputation. Efforts to prevent infections should be targeted at people with traumatic foot wounds, especially those that are chronic, deep, recurrent, or associated with peripheral vascular disease.
R‐Ras promotes tumor growth of cervical epithelial cells (2003)

These data suggest that the oncogene R-Ras promotes tumor growth of cervical epithelial cells and increases their migration potential over collagen through a pathway that involves PI 3-K.
Enterprise Knowledge Graphs: A Backbone of Linked Enterprise Data (2016)

Semantic technologies in enterprises have recently received increasing attention from both the research and industrial side. The concept of Linked Enterprise Data (LED) describes a framework to incorporate benefits of semantic technologies into enterprise IT environments. However, LED still remains an abstract idea lacking a point of origin, i.e., station zero from which it comes to existence. In this paper we argue and demonstrate that Enterprise Knowledge Graphs (EKGs) might be considered as an embodiment of LED lifting corporate information management to a semantic level which ultimately allows for real artificial intelligence applications. By EKG we refer to a semantic network of concepts, properties, individuals and links representing and referencing foundational and domain knowledge relevant for an enterprise. Although the concept of EKGs was not invented yesterday, both enterprise and semantic communities have not yet come up with a formal comprehensive framework for designing such graphs. In this paper we aim to join the dots between the expanding interest in EKGs expressed by those communities and the lack of blueprints for realizing the EKGs. A thorough study of the key design concepts provides a multi-dimensional aspects matrix from which an enterprise is able to choose specific features of the highest priority. We emphasize the importance of various data fusion approaches, e.g., unified and federated. In the extensive evaluation section we investigate the effect of the chosen approach on the EKG performance along several dimensions, e.g., basic reasoning and OWL entailment which account for machine understanding of the EKG data, and access control subsystem which is of the utmost importance in large enterprises.
Ultrasonic micromanipulation of liquid droplets for a lab-on-a-chip (2006)

With the emergence of the so called Lab-on-a- Chip (LOC), various chemical processes such as transport, reaction, separation, purification and detection are now integrated on glass and plastic substrates of with dimensions of several centimeters. Further development of LOC requires new microfluidic technology to process liquid droplets of a very small size without requiring complicated pumps and tubes. In this paper, we report two types of ultrasonic micromanipulators for use in liquid droplet processing. The first type of manipulator uses a single phase unidirectional interdigital transducer on a piezoelectric Lamb waveguide. The second type of manipulator uses wedge type transducers on an isotropic glass plate. Experiments using a frequency of about 6MHz confirm one-dimensional and two-dimensional transportation of water droplets.
Distributed multimedia and QOS: a survey (1995)

Quality of service (QOS) is increasingly important for all components within distributed multimedia systems, as this survey reveals. We discuss the QOS parameters found in communication protocols, operating systems, multimedia databases and file servers, as well as those directly affecting the human user.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effect of methotrexate on improving serological abnormalities of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2013)

Objective This was an open-labeled, prospective, control study to determine the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) for improving serological abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Thirty patients with a low serum complement and/or high anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody levels during a prednisolone taper received MTX orally at a dose of 7.5 mg/week over 12–18 months (MTX group). Eighteen SLE patients were selected as controls (control group). At the time of entrance into the study, all patients were receiving < 15 mg/day of prednisolone. The C3, C4, and immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, and IgM levels were measured using a turbidimetric immunoassay. The anti-dsDNA antibody level was measured using the Farr assay. Results Significant increases in C3 and C4 levels and significant decreases in anti-dsDNA antibody, IgG, IgA, and IgM levels from baseline were observed for 3–18 months after the trial in the MTX group but not in the control group. At the end of the study, C3 and/or C4 levels in 96.7 % of the MTX patients and 33.3 % of the control patients were normalized or elevated (p = 0.0001), and anti-dsDNA antibody levels were normalized or lowered in 24 of the 26 MTX patients (92.3 %) and in 50.0 % of the control patients (p = 0.0022). In addition, a significant reduction in SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score and a prednisolone-sparing effect were observed for the MTX group but not the control group. A significant increase in mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells, which is indicative of an anti-folic-acid metabolic disorder induced by MTX, was observed only for patients in the MTX group. Five patients (16.7 %) discontinued MTX treatment because of disease flare, and another three (10.0 %) discontinued due to treatment side effects. Conclusion MTX appears to be effective for improving serological abnormalities frequently observed before disease flares in SLE patients on a prednisolone taper.
Prevalence of human herpesvirus 6 variant A and B infections in bone marrow transplant recipients as determined by polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization (1993)

An oligotyping methodology was devised by using the polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization in order to discriminate the A and B variants of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). Comparative DNA sequence analysis of portions of the U1102 (variant A) and Z29 (variant B) genomes revealed polymorphic regions which allowed for the synthesis of variant-specific and consensus oligonucleotide probes. These probes were found to hybridize exclusively to their respective HHV-6 variants. This strategy was then further tested by evaluating 16 clinical isolates derived from patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation to determine the subtype prevalence of HHV-6 infection in these patients. All clinical isolates were documented to be of variant B, indicating that the majority of bone marrow transplantation patients may be preferentially infected with this HHV-6 subtype. This oligotyping strategy may be useful in defining the relative prevalence of HHV-6A and HHV-6B infections in patient populations potentially at risk for HHV-6 disease.
The Genome of a Very Virulent Marek's Disease Virus (2000)

Here we present the first complete genomic sequence, with analysis, of a very virulent strain of Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDV1), Md5. The genome is 177,874 bp and is predicted to encode 103 proteins. MDV1 is colinear with the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) within the unique long (UL) region, and it is most similar at the amino acid level to MDV2, herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), and nonavian herpesviruses equine herpesviruses 1 and 4. MDV1 encodes 55 HSV-1 UL homologues together with 6 additional UL proteins that are absent in nonavian herpesviruses. The unique short (US) region is colinear with and has greater than 99% nucleotide identity to that of MDV1 strain GA; however, an extra nucleotide sequence at the Md5 US/short terminal repeat boundary results in a shorter US region and the presence of a second gene (encoding MDV097) similar to the SORF2 gene. MD5, like HVT, encodes an ICP4 homologue that contains a 900-amino-acid amino-terminal extension not found in other herpesviruses. Putative virulence and host range gene products include the oncoprotein MEQ, oncogenicity-associated phosphoproteins pp38 and pp24, a lipase homologue, a CxC chemokine, and unique proteins of unknown function MDV087 and MDV097 (SORF2 homologues) and MDV093 (SORF4). Consistent with its virulent phenotype, Md5 contains only two copies of the 132-bp repeat which has previously been associated with viral attenuation and loss of oncogenicity.
Rational Design and Optimization of Fed-Batch and Continuous Fermentations (2007)

This chapter provides rational approaches to design and optimize fed-batch and continuous fermentations of both Mut+ and Muts (methanol utilization plus and slow) Pichia pastoris strains. The methods are described in detail for glycerol batch, glycerol fed-batch, transition, and methanol fed-batch/mixed feed/ continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) phases of the process based on glycerol and methanol consumption models. Cell density, broth volume, substrate feed rate, and the length of each phase are rationally designed to conduct runs with selected parameters for optimizing a process. The optimization is anchored by the impact of a specific growth rate/dilution time (for CSTRs) on productivity. Equations for simulation of a process with optimal parameters are derived for an optimal process design. This protocol can be used as a practical manual for process development of a P. pastoris recombinant fermentation, and also as a reference for fermentation of other microorganisms.
Design Space for Complex DNA Structures (2013)

Nucleic acids have emerged as effective materials for assembling complex nanoscale structures. To tailor the structures to function optimally for particular applications, a broad structural design space is desired. Despite the many discrete and extended structures demonstrated in the past few decades, the design space remains to be fully explored. In particular, the complex finite-sized structures produced to date have been typically based on a small number of structural motifs. Here, we perform a comprehensive study of the design space for complex DNA structures, using more than 30 distinct motifs derived from single-stranded tiles. These motifs self-assemble to form structures with diverse strand weaving patterns and specific geometric properties, such as curvature and twist. We performed a systematic study to control and characterize the curvature of the structures, and constructed a flat structure with a corrugated strand pattern. The work here reveals the broadness of the design space for complex DNA nanostructures.
AMINO ACID APPROACH AS A GENERAL ROUTE TO NONSTABILIZED AZOMETHINE YLIDES. FACILE GENERATION OF PARENT METHANIMINIUM METHYLIDE AND ITS 1-MONO- AND 1,1-DISUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES (1986)

Abstract Decarboxylative condensation of glycine or N-substituted glycines with a variety of carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, aromatic aldehyde, or ketones is a convenient and general route to parent methaniminium methylide and its 1-mono- and 1,1-disubstituted derivatives with or without an N-substituent.
Daily larval growth and RNA and DNA content of the NW Mediterranean anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and their relations to the environment (1998)

Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus larvae, collected from 2 different sites in the Western Mediterranean Sea (the Gulf of Lions and the Cdtalan Sea), were analyzed for daily growth rates and RNA and DNA content. An exponential function describes the growth pattern. The larvae were shown to have a growth rate of 0.56 mm d-' at 8 mm (standard length). Anchovy larvae from the Gulf of Lions showed higher daily growth rates than larvae from the Catalan Sea. In accordance, sagittal size, measured in terms of otolith area and radius, of larvae from the Catalan Sea were smaller than those of larvae from the Gulf of Lions. RNA/DNA ratio ranged from 1.09 to 7.79, and the mean RNA/DNA ratio was 4.49. A n c h o ~y larvae from the Gulf of Lions were shown to have a higher slope in the RNA (pg larva-') versus DNA (pg larva-') relationship than larvae from the Catalan Sea. This indicates that the former were in better condition. However, due to the high variability of the RNA/DNA ratio, no significant differences in RNA/DNA ratio were found between the 2 areas. A preliminary study of the relationship between environm~nla1 factors 2nd th? XN,I!DNA ratio was peifolllled ior each region. 'The RNA/DNA ratio of larvae from the Catalan Sea correlated negatively with temperature and pos.i.tively with relative fluorescence and organic matter, while in the Gulf of Lions there was a positive correlation with temperature and no relation with relative fluorescence or organic matter.
Synthesis of Segmented (PB(PS-block-PB)n) and (PB(SAN-block-PB)n) Block Copolymers via Polymeric Thermal Iniferters (1995)

A technique is described for the synthesis of segmented poly(butadiene-block-styrene) block copolymers and segmented poly(butadiene-block-(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)) block copolymers through polybutadiene-based thermal iniferters. Dihydroxy- and dicarboxy-terminated polybutadienes were transformed into secondary amine-terminated compounds, which were subsequently reacted with CS2 and iodine to obtain the corresponding polymeric iniferters containing approximately three polybutadiene units. By using these as an initiator for the thermal polymerization of styrene, multiblock copolymers of polybutadiene and polystyrene could be prepared. In the same way multiblock copolymers of polybutadiene and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) could be prepared by thermal copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile, using the polymeric iniferter as an initiator. By varying polymerization time and iniferter concentration, the composition and vinyl sequence length of the segmented block copolymers could be regulated. The polymeric iniferters and block copolymers were characterized by GPC, elemental analysis, TGA, H-1 NMR, DMTA, and transmission electron microscopy.
The patrol scheduling problem (2012)

This paper presents the problem of scheduling security teams to patrol a mass rapid transit rail network of a large urban city. The main objective of patrol scheduling is to deploy security teams to stations at varying time periods of the network subject to rostering as well as security-related constraints. We present a mathematical programming model for this problem. We then discuss the aspect of injecting randomness by varying the start times, the break times for each team as well as the number of visits required for each station according to their reported vulnerability. Finally, we present results for the case of Singapore mass rapid transit rail network and synthetic instances.
A List of Germplasm Releases from the University of Wisconsin Carrot Breeding Program, 1964–1994 (1996)

tene and color, pollen sterility, and resistance to cercospora leaf spot. This work assisted in the development of strategies crucial to the continued improvement of carrots through hybrid cultivars.
Possible restorations of the upper extremity motion in tetraplegic patients - 5-year clinical experience (2006)

Up to 80 % of tetraplegic patients are suitable candidates for transfers and, to a certain extent, it is possible to improve the upper limb function. In a partial function restoration of the upper limbs there is immense potential for improvement in the quality of life of these patients.
Memory Impairment after Subcutaneous Injection of Acetoxycycloheximide (1968)

Subcutaneous injection of 240 micrograms of acetoxycycloheximide in mice rapidly produces marked inhibition of cerebral protein synthesis. Treated mice were trained to escape shock by choosing the lighted limb of a T-maze. When trained five or more minutes after injection, they had a normal capacity to learn. They remembered normally 3 hours after training, but 6 hours after training they had markedly impaired retention. Amnesia persisted thereafter. Injections immediately after training had a less marked but significant amnesic effect. These studies suggest that protein synthesis is not necessary for learning or for memory for 3 hours after training but that it is required for long-term memory. The protein synthesis which appears to be necessary for long-term e3memory occurs during training, or within minutes after training, or both.
Reaction of aluminum hydride-triethylamine complex with selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of aluminum hydride-triethylamine complex with selected organic compounds containing representative functional groupsJin Soon Cha and Herbert C. BrownCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 15, 3974–3979Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00067a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2602Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (684 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Development and Application of a Biorelevant Dissolution Method Using USP Apparatus 4 in Early Phase Formulation Development (2010)

Dissolution testing is frequently used to determine the rate and extent at which a drug is released from a dosage form, and it plays many important roles throughout drug product development. However, the traditional dissolution approach often emphasizes its application in quality control testing and usually strives to obtain 100% drug release. As a result, dissolution methods are not necessarily biorelevant and meaningful application of traditional dissolution methods in the early phases of drug product development can be very limited. This article will describe the development of a biorelevant in vitro dissolution method using USP apparatus 4, biorelevant media, and real-time online UV analysis. Several case studies in the areas of formulation selection, lot-to-lot variability, and food effect will be presented to demonstrate the application of this method in early phase formulation development. This biorelevant dissolution method using USP apparatus 4 provides a valuable tool to predict certain aspects of the in vivo drug release. It can be used to facilitate the formulation development/selection for pharmacokinetic (PK) and clinical studies. It may also potentially be used to minimize the number of PK studies, and to aid in the design of more efficient PK and clinical studies.
Speech Feature Extraction and Data Visualisation - Vowel recognition and phonology analysis of four Asian ESL accents (2015)

This paper presents a signal processing approach to analyse and identify accent discriminative features of four groups of English as a second language (ESL) speakers, including Chinese, Indian, Japanese, and Korean. The features used for speech recognition include pitch, stress, formant frequencies, the Mel frequency coefficient, log frequency coefficient, and the intensity and duration of vowels spoken. This paper presents our study using the Matlab Speech Analysis Toolbox, and highlights how data processing can be automated and results visualised. The proposed algorithm achieved an average success rate of 57.3% in identifying vowels spoken in a speech by the four non-native English speaker groups.