gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cbl-mediated Degradation of Lyn and Fyn Induced by Constitutive Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-2 Activation Supports Osteoblast Differentiation (2004)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play an important regulatory role in skeletal development and bone formation. However, the FGF signaling mechanisms controlling osteoblast function are poorly understood. Here, we identified a role for the Src family members Lyn and Fyn in osteoblast differentiation promoted by constitutive activation of FGF receptor-2 (FGFR2). We show that the overactive FGFR2 S252W mutation induced decreased Src family kinase tyrosine phosphorylation and activity associated with decreased Lyn and Fyn protein expression in human osteoblasts. Pharmacological stimulation of Src family kinases or transfection with Lyn or Fyn vectors repressed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) up-regulation induced by overactive FGFR2. Inhibition of proteasome activity restored normal Lyn and Fyn expression and ALP activity in FGFR2 mutant osteoblasts. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that Lyn, Fyn, and FGFR2 interacted with the ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl and ubiquitin. Transfection with c-Cbl in which the RING finger was disrupted or with c-Cbl with a point mutation that abolishes the binding ability of the Cbl phosphotyrosine-binding domain restored Src kinase activity and Lyn, Fyn, and FGFR2 levels and reduced ALP up-regulation in mutant osteoblasts. Thus, constitutive FGFR2 activation induces c-Cbl-dependent Lyn and Fyn proteasome degradation, resulting in reduced Lyn and Fyn kinase activity, increased ALP expression, and FGFR2 down-regulation. This reveals a common Cbl-mediated negative feedback mechanism controlling Lyn, Fyn, and FGFR2 degradation in response to overactive FGFR2 and indicates a role for Cbl-dependent down-regulation of Lyn and Fyn in osteoblast differentiation induced by constitutive FGFR2 activation.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate stimulates proliferation and migration of human endothelial cells possibly through the lipid receptors, Edg-1 and Edg-3 (2000)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) stimulates thymidine incorporation (DNA synthesis), cell growth and cell migration in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The extent of the S1P-induced responses are comparable to those stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor, one of the most potent stimulators of angiogenesis. These responses to S1P were mimicked by dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate, an S1P receptor agonist, and inhibited by pertussis toxin (PTX), an inactivator of G(i)/G(o)-proteins. S1P also induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAP kinase). The activation of these enzymes was inhibited again by PTX and also by suramin, a non-selective receptor antagonist. S1P-induced DNA synthesis and ERK activation were inhibited by PD98059, an ERK kinase inhibitor, but not by SB203580, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor. In contrast, cell migration and p38 MAP kinase activation, in response to S1P, were inhibited by SB203580 but not by PD98059. In HAECs, high-affinity S1P binding activity and expression of Edg-1 and Edg-3 mRNA were detected. These results suggest that S1P might be a novel angiogenesis factor and that the lipid-induced proliferation and migration of endothelial cells are possibly mediated through cell-surface S1P receptors, Edg-1 and Edg-3, which are linked to signalling pathways.
THE EFFECT OF COMPANION GRASS AND SEED RATE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF A TALL‐FESCUE SWARD (1964)

The effects of sowing from 10 to 50 lb/acre of tall‐fescue seed on plant establishment and on the annual and seasonal distribution of DM yield of tall fescue and its companion grasses were measured through two growing seasons. Increasing the seed rate increased plant numbers per unit area and decreased per cent establishment. Adding Scots timothy as a companion grass depressed both plant number and per cent establishment. S37 cocksfoot and New Zealand perennial ryegrass reduced both still further. Total annual dry‐matter production was relatively unaffected by varying either the seed rate or the companion grass. The contribution of tall fescue to total production was highest when sown alone and was successively reduced by timothy, perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot. When sown alone there were only slight differences in contribution of tall fescue due to seed rate. With any companion grass the contribution from tall fescue increased with increasing seed rate. Early growth was not reduced by modifying seed rate but was reduced by all the companion grasses. It is concluded that increasing the seed rate of tall fescue above 30 lb is not justified, that Scots timothy can be sown at 3 lb/acre with tall fescue without affecting total production or early growth of the mixture, with the advantages of control of unsown species and improved palatability of the herbage.
PPE-ARX: Area- and power-efficient VLIW programmable processing element for IoT crypto-systems (2017)

In this paper, we propose a novel programmable processing element (PPE) for various cryptographic systems that can be used in IoT applications. The design enables the programmability, thus supporting a wide range of bit-widths (such as 16, 32, and 64). It employs a very long instruction word (VLIW) architecture with an instruction set and memory hierarchy specialized for crypto-processing. Both FPGA and ASIC implementations demonstrate that the design utilizes a very tiny area and consumes very low power. For example, it takes only 227 slices for FPGA implementations to include 512-byte instruction and coefficient memory along with the computational unit by achieving a maximum clock frequency of 250 MHz. For ASIC implementation (in 28/32nm technology), the design takes only 0.15mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of silicon area and consumes only 34.5μW of total power while achieving a maximum frequency of 952MHz. To evaluate the effectiveness of the design in a larger system, we implement Blue Midnight Wish (BMW) hash function with the PPE. Compared to the previous BMW-512 implementation which stores the intermediate coefficients of the BMW-512 in 2048 bytes, the proposed design just uses 512 bytes. Meanwhile, we reduce the instruction memory size from 4864 bytes to 1792 bytes.
Multiple forms of hexokinase in the rat: tissue distribution, age dependency, and properties. (1965)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Near-Infrared Sub-Bandgap All-Silicon Photodetectors: State of the Art and Perspectives (2010)

Due to recent breakthroughs, silicon photonics is now the most active discipline within the field of integrated optics and, at the same time, a present reality with commercial products available on the market. Silicon photodiodes are excellent detectors at visible wavelengths, but the development of high-performance photodetectors on silicon CMOS platforms at wavelengths of interest for telecommunications has remained an imperative but unaccomplished task so far. In recent years, however, a number of near-infrared all-silicon photodetectors have been proposed and demonstrated for optical interconnect and power-monitoring applications. In this paper, a review of the state of the art is presented. Devices based on mid-bandgap absorption, surface-state absorption, internal photoemission absorption and two-photon absorption are reported, their working principles elucidated and their performance discussed and compared.
Asymptotically optimum quantization with time invariant breakpoints for signal detection (1991)

The nonlinear equations whose solution determines the locally optimum detection quantizer design are derived for a general parametric detection problem where the breakpoints are constrained to be time invariant. These quantizers maximize the efficacy of a test based on quantized data. Some specific optimum detection quantizer problems for the case of time-invariant breakpoints have been solved in the past, but only for the special case when the locally optimum nonlinearity factors in a certain way. Examples of observation models that do not satisfy these conditions are given. It is demonstrated that the locally optimum quantizer design for the time-invariant breakpoint constraint is the same as that quantizer design that minimizes the time-average mean-square difference between the quantizer and the locally optimum time-varying nonlinearity. A specific result shows that the optimum quantizer is not symmetric for the quadratic detector for random signals in Gaussian noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combination therapy with Brequinar sodium and cyclosporine synergistically prolongs hamster-to-rat cardia xenograft survival. (1994)

The accelerated rejection of hamster cardiac xenografts by Lewis rat recipients is due primarily to a humoral immune response. Traditional immunosuppressive agents, including cyclosporine, FK 506, and rapamycin, have not been effective in prolonging the rejection of xenografts in this model. We have recently examined the ability of the combination of cyclosporine and a new immunosuppressive agent, Brequinar sodium, to prevent the rejection of hamster xenografts. Prolongation of xenograft survival by treatment with Brequinar sodium alone (3 mg/kg/day) was minimally effective, with a median survival of 5.5 days. Conversely, a combination of Brequinar sodium (3 mg/kg/day) and cyclosporine (10 mg/kg/day), was associated with a significant prolongation of median graft survival (> 100 days). A quantitative analysis of the dose-effect relationship of Brequinar sodium and cyclosporine demonstrated a potent synergistic interaction for this combination therapy (combination index < 1). A sharp increase occurred in the binding of immunoglobulin M antibodies at day 4 after transplantation in the serum of untreated and cyclosporine-treated Lewis recipients of cardiac xenografts, whereas a clear decrease occurred in anti-hamster immunoglobulin M antibody production during this period of time in the animals treated by combined immunosuppression. Inhibition of anti-donor immunoglobulin M antibody production, as evaluated by the direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide measurements, extended for more than 100 days after transplantation in the combination therapy group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Study of Copper Sulfide Film Formation by Voltammetry Combined with Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microgravimetry/Coulometry and Optical Spectroscopy (1996)

This paper describes a study of copper sulfide film formation at copper anodes in sulfide-containing aqueous NaOH media. Voltammetry along with combined electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry (EQCM)/coulometry showed the formation of an initial Cu2S (chalcocite) phase. Further oxidation resulted in a nonstoichiometric overlayer culminating in a surface that was CuS (covellite) in composition. The EQCM data also revealed incipient dissolution of the copper surface in the alkaline sulfide media as Cu(I) species. Chemical sulfidization of the copper surface is also shown to be an important film formation pathway. Complementary spectroscopic data were obtained in situ by visible reflectance spectroscopy and laser Raman spectroscopy. Ex situ analysis of the copper sulfide layer composition by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is also presented.
Automated Safety Integration Analysis of Complex System Based on Functional Model (2013)

The development of safety critical systems becomes even harder sine the integrity and complexity of system functions and architecture grows continuously, and this kind of process involves cooperative work between safety and system engineerings during the development of products. The article presents a new approach called automated safety integrity analysis for complex system relying on functional model, and the process of safety integrity is studied by linking functional design phase using SysML(System Model Language) and Altarica Data Flow language based on risk engineering, and the given method can be analyzed automatically and iteratively during the whole life in order to unify the process between the system design and safety assessment.At last, the approach is exemplified by fuel system of aircraft to demonstrate the applicability and versatility, which explores the engineering research for the analysis technology for safety of the complex system.
Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Solutions of Piperazine in the Low Gas Loading Region (2006)

The solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions of piperazine was determined at low gas loadings (stoichiometric molar ratios of carbon dioxide to piperazine between about 0.05 and 0.95) and temperatures between (313 and 393) K by means of headspace gas chromatography. The stoichiometric molality of piperazine amounted to about (1 and 2) mol·(kg of water)-1 {mass fraction of piperazine ≈ (8 and 15) %} at T ≈ 313 K and to about (2 and 4) mol·(kg of water)-1 {mass fraction of piperazine ≈ (15 and 26) % } at T ≈ (353 and 393) K. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide was between about (0.1 and 95) kPa. A thermodynamic model for describing the vapor−liquid equilibrium (which applies Pitzer's molality scale based equation for describing the Gibbs excess energy of the aqueous phase) is revised and extended using the new data.
Macrocyclic chemistry in reducing environments: From concentrated metal solutions to crystalline electrides (1989)

Abstract
Antihepatotoxic Actions of Lignoids from<i>Schizandra chinensis</i>Fruits (1984)

The antihepatotoxic effects of twenty-three lignans, twenty-two from the fruits of Schizandra chinensis and one from the fruits of Kadsura japonica, were investigated utilizing carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- and galactosamine (GalN)-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes as model systems. Prominent protective actions were found with wuweizisu C and schisantherin D in CCl4-treated cultures, and deoxygomisin A, gomisin N, wuweizisu C, gomisin C and schisantherin D were effective in preventing GalN-induced cell damage. Structure-activity relationship suggests that the methylenedioxy group of the dibenzocyclooctane skeleton may play an important role in antihepatotoxic activity.
The Functional Anatomy of Urologic Cryosurgical Unit and Its Relation to the Technique, Complications and Results of Cryosurgery of the Prostate (1970)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Oct 1970The Functional Anatomy of Urologic Cryosurgical Unit and Its Relation to the Technique, Complications and Results of Cryosurgery of the Prostate James A. Dow James A. DowJames A. Dow More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)61784-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1970 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByDow J (2018) The Technique of Cryosurgery of the ProstateJournal of Urology, VOL. 105, NO. 2, (286-290), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1971. Volume 104Issue 4October 1970Page: 572-577 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1970 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information James A. Dow More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Possible Use of Cold Neutrons for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (1992)

The basic principles of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) are described. At the Jülich external neutron laboratory ELLA, the FRJ-2 research reactor delivers a pure beam of “cold” neutrons. It is discussed here in connection with the possible use of cold neutrons for experimental BNCT of melanoma of the skin.
Counting electrons one by one~overview of a joint european research project (2003)

The European COUNT project exploits two complementary single electron tunneling devices for use in electrical current metrology: a single electron pump as a current source and a single electron counter as a current meter. An electron pump has been developed with on-chip resistors in order to suppress cotunneling. The intended accuracy is 1 ppm for a current of a few picoamperes. Apart from being a quantum current standard, the electron pump could also be the basis of a capacitance standard. A coaxial tunable cryogenic capacitor of 1 picofarad has been developed for this purpose. A passive electron counter based on a single electron transistor embedded in a resonant tank circuit has been further investigated and developed in order to reach both high sensitivity and high counting speed. The intended accuracy is 10 ppm for a current of a few picoamperes.
Structural a priori information in near-infrared optical tomography (2007)

Recent interest in the use of dual modality imaging in the field of optical Near Infrared (NIR) Tomography has increased, specifically with use of structural information, from for example, MRI. Although MRI images provide high resolution structural information about tissue, they lack the contrast and functional information needed to investigate physiology, whereas NIR data has been established as a high contrast imaging modality, but one which suffers from low resolution. To this effect, the use of dual modality data has been shown to increase the qualitative and quantitative accuracy of clinical information that can be obtained from tissue. Results so far have indicated that providing accurate apriori structural information is available, such dual modality imaging techniques can be used for the detection and characterization of breast cancer in-vivo, as well as the investigation of brain function and physiology in both human and small animal studies. Although there has been much interest and research into the best suitable and robust use of a-priori structural information within the reconstruction of optical properties of tissue, little work has been done into the investigation of how much accuracy is needed from the structural MRI images in order to obtain the most clinically reliable information. In this paper, we will present and demonstrate the two most common application of a-priori information into image reconstruction, namely soft and hard priori. The effect of inaccuracies of the a-priori structural information within the reconstructed NIR images are presented showing that providing that the error of the a-priori information is within 20% in terms of size and location, adequate NIR images can be reconstructed.
What is the role of non-invasive measurements of atherosclerosis in individual cardiovascular risk prediction? (2007)

Oestrogen therapy is the gold standard treatment for hot flushes/night sweats, but it and oestrogen/progestin are not suitable for all women. MPA (medroxyprogesterone acetate) reduces hot flushes, but its effectiveness compared with oestrogen is unknown. In the present study, oral oestrogen [CEE (conjugated equine oestrogen)] and MPA were compared for their effects on hot flushes in a planned analysis of a secondary outcome for a 1-year randomized double-blind parallel group controlled trial in an urban academic medical centre. Participants were healthy menstruating women prior to hysterectomy/ovariectomy for benign disease. A total of 41 women {age, 45 (5) years [value is mean (S.D.)]} were enrolled; 38 women were included in this analysis of daily identical capsules containing CEE (0.6 mg/day) or MPA (10 mg/day). Demographic variables did not differ at baseline. Daily data provided the number of night and day flushes compared by group. The vasomotor symptom day-to-day intensity change was assessed by therapy assignment. Hot flushes/night sweats were well controlled in both groups, one occurred on average every third day and every fourth night. Mean/day daytime occurrences were 0.363 and 0.187 with CEE and MPA respectively, but were not significantly different (P=0.156). Night sweats also did not differ significantly (P=0.766). Therapies were statistically equivalent (within one event/24 h) in the control of vasomotor symptoms. Day-to-day hot flush intensity decreased with MPA and tended to remain stable with CEE (P<0.001). In conclusion, this analysis demonstrates that MPA and CEE are equivalent and effective in the control of the number of hot flushes/night sweats immediately following premenopausal ovariectomy.
Effects of Timing, Sex, and Age on Site‐specific Gastrointestinal Permeability Testing in Children and Adults (2010)

Overall, sugar urinary recovery is comparable in children and adults. Specific sugar urinary recovery may change as a function of age and/or sex. These results need to be taken into account when planning and interpreting gastrointestinal permeability studies.
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern in Cancer Immunotherapy (2008)

Observations from different research frontiers--epidemiological data, case studies on spontaneous regressions from cancer, clinical studies, tumor immunology--indicate that exposure by vaccination or infection to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) can have beneficial effects on neoplastic diseases, both prophylactically and therapeutically. These effects have not yet been harnessed to their full extent for the prophylaxis and therapy of cancer. Here, we summarize clinical, epidemiological, and experimental data and discuss the role of PAMP in cancer therapy.
Differential Effects of Growth Factors on Tissue-Engineered Cartilage (2002)

The effects of four regulatory factors on tissue-engineered cartilage were examined with specific focus on the ability to increase construct growth rate and concentrations of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen, the major extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Bovine calf articular chondrocytes were seeded onto biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds and cultured in medium with or without supplemental insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), interleukin-4 (IL-4), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). IGF-I, IL-4, and TGF-beta1 increased construct wet weights by 1.5-2.9-fold over 4 weeks of culture and increased amounts of cartilaginous ECM components. IGF-I (10-300 ng/mL) maintained wet weight fractions of GAG in constructs seeded at high cell density and increased by up to fivefold GAG fractions in constructs seeded at lower cell density. TGF-beta1 (30 ng/mL) increased wet weight fractions of total collagen by up to 1.4-fold while maintaining a high fraction of type II collagen (79 plus minus 11% of the total collagen). IL-4 (1-100 ng/mL) minimized the thickness of the GAG-depleted region at the construct surfaces. PDGF (1-100 ng/mL) decreased construct growth rate and ECM fractions. Different regulatory factors thus elicit significantly different chondrogenic responses and can be used to selectively control the growth rate and improve the composition of engineered cartilage.
Temperature rise induced by a laser beam (1977)

The spatial distribution of the temperature rise induced by a laser beam absorbed in a solid is reduced to a one-dimensional integral which is evaluated numerically. The solution for a general laser intensity distribution is specialized to the case of a Gaussian beam. A closed-form expression in terms of tabulated functions is obtained for the maximum temperature rise.