gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Waves and Electrochemistry. I. A Survey of the Electrochemical Applications of Ultrasonic Waves (1953)

The applications of ultrasonic waves in electrochemistry are discussed in terms of (1) the effects of ultrasonic waves on electrode processes, (2) electrokinetic phenomena involving ultrasonic waves, and (3) the use of ultrasonic waves as a tool in the study of the structure of electrolytic solutions.
A detection model for anomalies in smart grid with sensor network (2012)

In this paper, we present a model to monitor the smart grid for any anomalous/malicious activity or attack. The model uses machine learning techniques to detect and classify anomalies from the sensory observations. It is helpful for ensuring the security and stability of the smart grid. The model relies on the real time data collected using wireless sensor networks as an overlay network on the power distribution grid. The overlay network of wireless sensors /devices uses a cluster topology at each tower to collect local information about the tower that is augmented by the linear chain topology to connect to the base station (usually at the substation). Preliminary results show that our classification mechanism is promising and is able to detect anomalous events that may cause a threat to the smart grid.
CRUDE OIL FOULING: PETRONAS REFINERIES EXPERIENCE (2007)

Managing crude oil fouling has been a challenge in PETRONAS refineries. Over the past several years, numerous initiatives have been conducted in order to have better control of the situation [1][2][3][4]. The control strategy currently implemented is to periodically clean the heat exchanger based on the heat exchanger monitoring parameter and supported by antifouling chemical injection program. A review was conducted in one of PETRONAS’ refineries in order to come up with a better fouling control strategy. The review is separated into two parts. Firstly, the plant operational data for two selected hot pre-heat exchanger trains was analyzed. From the analysis, deposition build-up is apparent for only one exchanger train despite both trains receiving the same crude blend. It seems that there are several significant parameters which caused one of the exchanger to fall into fouling threshold region. EXPRESS [5] software was used to evaluate the fouling threshold region for the heat exchanger. Secondly, foulant sample obtained from the heat exchangers were subjected to analytical testing to investigate the constituent of the foulant. The analyses show that it is mainly organic in nature with a minor portion of the inorganic content made up of mostly corrosion products, salt and sand.
PROTON TRANSPORT THROUGH SELF- ASSEMBLED FUNCTIONALIZED NANOPOROUS SILICON (2008)

In this study, self-assembly of molecules with thiol functional group inside extremely high aspect ratio silicon nanopores is presented. The thiol end group was subsequently oxidized to sulfonate group to enhance proton transport through the pores. Penetration of the assembled molecules down to the bottom of the pores was verified by measuring sulfur variation through the membrane thickness using Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) technique.
QTL mapping for resistance to northern corn leaf blight in maize. (2007)

Northern corn leaf blight(NCLB) is one of the most widespread disease in maize commercial production zone in the world,which caused serious yield losses in susceptible cultivars.Exserohilum turcicum,including many differential races is the major pathogeny.The mechanism for resistance to NCLB is very complicated in maize,because of different resistant mechanism according to different races in Maize.In order to realize clearly the resistance mechanism,we constructed F9 RIL(Recombinant inbred line) population including 239 RILs derived from a cross of Mo17 and Huangzao4,and the microsatellite marker linkage map of maize was constructed including 103 loci,covering 1455.4 cM in maize genome with an interval length of 14.1 cM.The parents and their RILs were evaluated on resistance to NCLB in field trials via artificial inoculation.The method of composite interval mapping was employed for QTL (Quantitative trait locus) detection,as results,Three QTLs linked with markers Bnlg1520,Umc1635 and Bnlg125,were identified on chromosome 2,which could explain 13.89 %,19.33 % and 14.36 % of the phenotypic variance,respectively.Another 2 QTLs,linked with Umc1327 and Bnlg2235,were located on chromosome 8,which could explain 9.33 % and 7.62 % of the phenotypic variance,respectively.The research results will contribute to understand deeply the mechanism for resistance to NCLB in maize,and to instruct NCLB-resistance breeding research.
Structure-Revealing Low-Light Image Enhancement Via Robust Retinex Model (2018)

Low-light image enhancement methods based on classic Retinex model attempt to manipulate the estimated illumination and to project it back to the corresponding reflectance. However, the model does not consider the noise, which inevitably exists in images captured in low-light conditions. In this paper, we propose the robust Retinex model, which additionally considers a noise map compared with the conventional Retinex model, to improve the performance of enhancing low-light images accompanied by intensive noise. Based on the robust Retinex model, we present an optimization function that includes novel regularization terms for the illumination and reflectance. Specifically, we use norm to constrain the piece-wise smoothness of the illumination, adopt a fidelity term for gradients of the reflectance to reveal the structure details in low-light images, and make the first attempt to estimate a noise map out of the robust Retinex model. To effectively solve the optimization problem, we provide an augmented Lagrange multiplier based alternating direction minimization algorithm without logarithmic transformation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in low-light image enhancement. In addition, the proposed method can be generalized to handle a series of similar problems, such as the image enhancement for underwater or remote sensing and in hazy or dusty conditions.
Steering wheel sensor as a push-to-talk solution (2008)

In today's vehicles, there are a number of electronic devices that are manually operated while driving. Speech interaction systems are employed to relieve distraction caused by the operation of these devices. Push-to-talk buttons are used to trigger speech recognizers. In this paper we present a new push-to-talk solution that is activated by tapping a finger on the perimeter of the steering wheel, where force sensor strips are located. At the same time these sensors can be used to measure gripping force while driving. The paper describes the design of the sensor system as well as a demonstration setup. A short pilot study was run as a proof of concept, which indicates that the new system does not perform worse than the existing, fixed position PTT solution. (4 pages)
Selective Edge Modification in Graphene and Graphite by Chemical Oxidation (2014)

The effect of edge structures in graphene sheets has been well investigated theoretically but most experimental demonstrations of the functionalization have been for the bulk structures because of only a few reports on chemical methods to modify the edges selectively. We herein report a chemical method using the Lemieux-von Rudloff reagent that selectively oxidizes only the edges of graphene sheets. The selective oxidation at the edges of the graphene sheet was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman mapping measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The TGA result of the oxidized graphite with different particle sizes showed a slight weight loss at approximately 350 degrees C (2.29% for the middle particles (35 microm)), which indicates thermal decomposition of the oxidized edge part. The Raman mapping measurement in the inner part of graphene sheets didn't detect any defects or translational symmetry breaking after the oxidation. The XPS data clearly showed that the total carbon atom content present as C--O, C==O, and O--C==C increased from 4.65 to 6.18% by the oxidation. Using the obtained edge-oxidized graphene as a starting material, various functionalizations of the edge structure are expected in the future.
Synergistic Effects of Probiotics and Phytobiotics on the Intestinal Microbiota in Young Broiler Chicken (2019)

Probiotics and phytobiotics have been studied as in-feed antibiotic alternatives for decades, yet there are no studies on their possible symbiotic effects. In the present study, newly hatched chickens were fed with feeds supplemented either with host-specific <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains (<i>L. agilis</i> and <i>L. salivarius</i>), commercial phytobiotics, or combinations of both. After 13 days of life, crops and caecums were analyzed for bacterial composition (16S rDNA sequencing, qPCR) and activity (bacterial metabolites). Crop and caecum samples were also used to study the ex vivo survival of a broiler-derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain. In the crop, combinations of probiotics and phytobiotics, but not their single application, increased the dominance of lactobacilli. The single application of phytobiotics reduced the metabolite concentrations in the crop, but certain combinations synergistically upregulated the metabolites. Changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the caecal microbiota were less pronounced than in the crop. Acetate concentrations were significantly lower for phytobiotics or the <i>L. agilis</i> probiotic strain compared to the control group, but the <i>L. salivarius</i> probiotic showed significantly higher acetate concentrations alone or in combination with one phytobiotic. The synergistic effects on the reduction of the ex vivo survival of an ESBL producing <i>E. coli</i> strain in crop or caecum contents were also observed for most combinations. This study shows the beneficial synergistic effects of probiotics and phytobiotics on the intestinal bacterial composition and their metabolic activity in young broilers. The reduced survival of potentially problematic bacteria, such as ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> further indicates that combinations of probiotics and phytobiotics may lead to a more enhanced functionality than their individual supplementation.
A New Spark Ignition System for Lean Mixtures Based on a New Approach to Spark Ignition (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The current perspective on spark ignition is that of an electrical energy source which is introduced into a combustion chamber to ignite a combustible mixture by electrically breaking down a spark gap and delivering electrical energy (current) to the gap. Topically, the spark gap is made up of two very closely spaced electrodes (of a spark plug) which are exposed to the mixture. Such a perspective is far too limited in that it ignores the electrical plasma nature of the initial flame and the influence that the local electric field and spark discharge have on the growth of the flame. Specifically, it ignores the development of the spark and hydrocarbon flame discharges as coexisting electrical phenomena competing for the electrical energy that is supplied by the ignition system. In so doing, it fails to consider or supply the required level and quality of energy to the mixture, rendering ignition of little value except in mixtures which are ordinarily easy to ignite.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">On the other hand, a theory has been developed for including these phenomena in what is an expanded view of spark ignition. Moreover, an ignition system has been developed which implements the features of this theory. This ignition system is highly effective in igniting the very lean to ultra-lean mixtures necessary to make the lean burn engine practical to provide simplified emissions' control with excellent fuel economy.</div>
Electrical stimulation in cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial (2006)

A randomized placebo‐controlled trial was carried out to investigate the efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and threshold electrical stimulation (TES) in strengthening the quadriceps muscles of both legs in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Sixty children (38 males, 22 females; mean age 11y [SD 3y 6mo]; age range 5–16y) were randomized to one of the following groups: NMES ( n =18), TES ( n =20), or placebo ( n =22). Clinical presentations were diplegia ( n =55), quadriplegia ( n =1), dystonia ( n =1), ataxia ( n =1), and non‐classifiable CP ( n =2). Thirty‐four children walked unaided, 17 used posterior walkers, six used crutches, and the remaining three used sticks for mobility. Peak torque of the left and right quadriceps muscles, gross motor function, and impact of disability were assessed at baseline and end of treatment (16wks), and at a 6‐week follow‐up visit. No statistically significant difference was demonstrated between NMES or TES versus placebo for strength or function. Statistically significant differences were observed between NMES and TES versus placebo for impact of disability at the end of treatment, but only between TES and placebo at the 6‐week follow‐up. In conclusion, further evidence is required to show whether NMES and/or TES may be useful as an adjunct to therapy in ambulatory children with diplegia who find resistive strengthening programmes difficult.
Huelga backers plan Easter caravan to Rio Grande valley (1967)

From the Rice Thresher Archive, a collection of newspaper articles published in the student newspaper for Rice University. Genre: News
Full or Partial Seroreversion in Patients Infected by Hepatitis C Virus (1997)

Cases of partial seroreversion have been reported in hemodialyzed or immunodepressed patients, but spontaneous clearance of viremia associated with a disappearance of specific antibodies or clearance while receiving therapy has not been precisely documented in immunocompetent hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected persons. A longitudinal study of markers of HCV infection in a cohort of 178 multitransfused patients followed over an 8-year period was done to establish well-documented cases of partial or full seroreversion. Thirty (16.8%) of 178 patients were HCV-infected; among them, 5 had partial or full seroreversion. Seroreversion to an anti-HCV-negative state is characterized by a quantitative decrease in antibody. A seroreversion may be observed in three circumstances: spontaneously, induced by therapy, and in conjunction with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Long-term follow-up of seroreverters will establish whether they have definitively eradicated HCV from their systems.
FloSIS: a highly scalable network flow capture system for fast retrieval and storage efficiency (2015)

Network packet capture performs essential functions in network management such as attack analysis, network troubleshooting, and performance debugging. As the net-work edge bandwidth exceeds 10 Gbps, the demand for scalable packet capture and retrieval is rapidly increasing. However, existing software-based packet capture systems neither provide high performance nor support flow-level indexing for fast query response. This would either pre-vent important packets from being stored or make it too slow to retrieve relevant flows. In this paper, we present FloSIS, a highly scalable, software-based flow storing and indexing system. Flo-SIS is characterized as the following three aspects. First, it exercises full parallelism in multiple CPU cores and disks at all stages of packet processing. Second, it con-structs two-stage flow-level indexes, which helps mini-mize expensive disk access for user queries. It also stores the packets in the same flow at a contiguous disk loca-tion, which maximizes disk read throughput. Third, we optimize storage usage by flow-level content deduplica-tion at real time. Our evaluation shows that FloSIS on a dual octa-core CPU machine with 24 HDDs achieves 30 Gbps of zero-drop performance with real traffic, con-suming only 0.25 % of the space for indexing. 1
Separation of plasma implantation of oxygen to form silicon on insulator (1997)

Separation by plasma implantation of oxygen (SPIMOX) is an economical method for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer fabrication. This process employs the plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) for the implantation of oxygen ions. The implantation rate, which is independent of the wafer size, is considerably higher than that of conventional implantation. The simpler implanter set-up is lower in cost and easier to maintain. The feasibility of SPIMOX has been demonstrated with successful fabrication of SOI structures implementing this process. The operational phase space on implantation condition, oxygen dose, and annealing requirement are identified. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy micrographs of the SPIMOX sample showed continuous buried oxide under single crystal overlayer with sharp silicon/oxide interfaces.
導言　中國生命倫理研究: 良好開端，大有可為 (2007)

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese2007 年1 月9-10 日， 香港浸會大學應用倫理學研究中心成功舉辦了第一屆「建構中國生命倫理學」研討會， 與會學者們應邀從中國傳統倫理觀出發， 就當代社會面臨的一些重要道德問題展開了富有成效的討論。呈現在讀者面前的本期期刊， 就是由這屆研討會中的論文選編和修改以後組成的。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 34 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
Diamond Composites with TiC, SiC and Ti 3 SiC 2 Bonding Phase (2002)

The problems connected with producing diamond composites with 30 wt.% of bonding phase in form of: SiC, TiC, and Ti 3 SiC 2 are presented in the paper. Increasing the fraction of the bonding phase within the composite generally helps to reduce internal stresses. Composites were sintered at pressure 8.0 - 0.2 GPa and temperature of 2070 - 50 K using the Bridgman type high pressure apparatus. Interactions in the diamond-SiC, the diamond-TiC, and the diamond-Ti 3 SiC 2 systems were studied by means of transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction. Density was measured pycnometrically. The wear resistance studies of these composites were carried out using pin - on disc type laboratory equipment. Hardness was measured with Vickers apparatus. Results of measurements of physical and mechanical properties are reported.
Ureumammonisering van koring-, hawer- en garsstrooi en hawerhooi. 1. Laboratoriumondersoek na die invloed van vogpeil, ureumpeil en behandelingsperiode op die chemiese samestelling en in vitro -verteerbaarheid (1989)

Urea ammoniation of wheat-, oat- and barley straw and oat hay. 1. A laboratory investigation into the effect of urea- and moisture level and treatment period on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. The effect of treatment on the chemical composition and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of wheat, oat and barley straw and oat hay at 25°C was investigated in a 4x3x2x5 factorial experiment. Apart from the four roughages, urea levels of 30, 50 and 75 g kg -1 roughage, moisture levels of 250 and 400 g kg -1 roughage and treatment periods of 4, 6, 8, 12 and 18 weeks were included as independent variables. The dependent variables included crude protein (CP) content, urea content, cell-wall constituents (CWC) and IVOMD. Hydrolysis of urea to ammonia was significantly (P ≤ 0,05) improved at the higher moisture level and longer treatment periods. IVOMD values of all treated roughages were increased at all treatment periods investigated. The interaction between treatment period and moisture level as well as urea level indicated that the level of urea ammoniation at low moisture and urea levels may be improved by increasing the treatment period. It is, however, evident that 30 g kg -1 urea was not sufficient for effective treatment, and that extending the treatment period provided no further advantage. CWC values of the cereal straws and oat hay decreased during each of the treatment periods investigated. In the case of the 3% urea treatment, CWC remained constant from 12 to 18 weeks of treatment. Die invloed van behandelingskondisies op die chemiese samestelling en in vitro organiese materiaal verteerbaarheid (IVOMV) van koring- hawer-, en garsstrooi en hawerhooi teen 25°C is in 'n 4x3x2x5- faktoriaaleksperiment ondersoek. Benewens die vier ruvoere is ook ureumpeile van 30-,55- en 75 g kg -1 ruvoer, vogpeile van 250- en 400 g kg -1 ruvoer en behandelingsperiodes van 4-, 6-, 8-, 12- en 18 weke, ingesluit. Die afhanklike veranderlikes het totale stikstof-, ureum- en selwand(SW)-inhoud sowel as IVOMV ingesluit. Die omsetting van ureum na ammoniak is betekenisvol (P ≤ 0,05) verhoog by die hoer vogpeil en langer behandelingsperiode. Die IVOMV van al die behandelde ruvoere is verhoog by al vyf behandelingsperiodes. Die interaksies van behandelingsperiode met vogpeil en ureumpeil toon dat die vlak van ureumammonisering by 'n lae vog- en ureumpeil verhoog kan word deur 'n langer periode van behandeling. Dit blyk egter dat 30 g kg -1 ureum onvoldoende was vir effektiewe behandeling, en dat die verlenging van die behandelingsperiode dus geen voordeel sal inhou nie. Die SW-inhoud van al die tipes strooi en hooi is verlaag by al vyf behandelingsperiodes. By die 3%-ureumbehandeling het die SW-inhoud egter onveranderd gebly vanaf die 12- tot 18-wekebehandelings. Keywords : Barley straw, oat hay, oat straw, treatment conditions, urea ammoniation, wheat straw
Atmosphere, Weather and Climate (2009)

This book presents a comprehensive introduction to weather processes and climatic conditions around the world, their observed variability and changes, and projected future trends. Extensively revised and updated, this ninth edition retains its tried and tested structure while incorporating recent advances in the field. From clear explanations of the basic physical and chemical principles of the atmosphere, to descriptions of regional climates and their changes, the book presents a comprehensive coverage of global meteorology and climatology. In this new edition the latest scientific ideas are again expressed in a clear, non-mathematical matter. New features include: extended and updated treatment of atmospheric models final chapter on climate variability and change has been completely rewritten to take account of the IPCC 2007 scientific assessment. new four-colour text design featuring over 30 colour plates over 360 diagrams have been redrawn in full colour to improve clarity and aid understanding. Atmosphere, Weather and Climate continues to be an indispensable source for all those studying the earth’s atmosphere and world climate, whether from environmental and earth sciences, geography, ecology, agriculture, hydrology, or related disciplinary perspectives. Its pedagogic value is enhanced by several features: learning points at the opening of each chapter and discussion topics at their ending, boxes on topical subjects and on twentieth century advances in the field.
Multifunctional Skin‐Like Electronics for Quantitative, Clinical Monitoring of Cutaneous Wound Healing (2014)

Non-invasive, biomedical devices have the potential to provide important, quantitative data for the assessment of skin diseases and wound healing. Traditional methods either rely on qualitative visual and tactile judgments of a professional and/or data obtained using instrumentation with forms that do not readily allow intimate integration with sensitive skin near a wound site. Here, an electronic sensor platform that can softly and reversibly laminate perilesionally at wounds to provide highly accurate, quantitative data of relevance to the management of surgical wound healing is reported. Clinical studies on patients using thermal sensors and actuators in fractal layouts provide precise time-dependent mapping of temperature and thermal conductivity of the skin near the wounds. Analytical and simulation results establish the fundamentals of the sensing modalities, the mechanics of the system, and strategies for optimized design. The use of this type of "epidermal" electronics system in a realistic clinical setting with human subjects establishes a set of practical procedures in disinfection, reuse, and protocols for quantitative measurement. The results have the potential to address important unmet needs in chronic wound management.