gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of the Mandible with a Poly(D,L-lactide) Scaffold, Autogenous Corticocancellous Bone Graft, and Autogenous Platelet-Rich Plasma: An Animal Experiment (2005)

An animal study is presented, evaluating a method of mandibular reconstruction using a poly(D,Llactide) (PDLLA) scaffold. Six goats underwent a continuity resection of the mandibular angle. The defect was bridged with a preshaped PDLLA scaffold, filled with an autogenous particulate bone graft from the anterior iliac crest, and fixed with two preshaped titanium plates. To accelerate bone healing, autogenous platelet-rich plasma was mixed with the particulate bone graft. All goats had an uneventful healing. The osteosynthesis system withstood immediate loading for a period of 6 weeks until sacrifice. The particulate bone grafts within the PDLLA scaffold, which appeared to be narrowed, showed considerable resorption and replacement by fibrous tissue. In all goats, however, callus formation along the reconstructed segment was seen, providing bony continuity and maintaining the original contour of the reconstructed segment. Thus, the technique used may provide an alternative for reconstruction with revascularized composite flaps with less associated donor site morbidity.
Inhibitors of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Modulate Mitosis and Gene Expression in Pancreatic Cancer Cells (1995)

The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril inhibits mitosis in several cell types that contain ACE and renin activity. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the ACE inhibitors captopril and CGS 13945 (10(-8) to 10(-2) M) on proliferation and gene expression in hamster pancreatic duct carcinoma cells in culture. These cells lack renin and ACE activity. Both ACE inhibitors produced a dose-dependent reduction in tumor cell proliferation within 24 hr. Captopril at a concentration of 0.36 mM and CGS 13945 at 150 microM decreased cellular growth rate to approximately half that of the control. Neither drug influenced the viability or the cell cycle distribution of the tumor cells. Slot blot analysis of mRNA for four genes, proliferation associated cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), K-ras, protein kinase C-beta (PKC-beta) and carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) was performed. Both ACE inhibitors increased K-ras expression by a factor of 2, and had no effect on CA II mRNA levels. Captopril also lowered PCNA by 40% and CGS 13945 lowered PKC-beta gene expression to 30% of the control level. The data demonstrate that ACE inhibitors exhibit antimitotic activity and differential gene modulation in hamster pancreatic duct carcinoma cells. The absence of renin and ACE activity in these cells suggests that the antimitotic action of captopril and CGS 13945 is independent of renin-angiotensin regulation. The growth inhibition may occur through downregulation of growth-related gene expression.
Risk Occurrence Assessment of the Background Conformity Conditions of Inspection and Quarantine Based on FMEA (2009)

In order to promote the scientific and normalized work of the inspection and quarantine, limited inspection and quarantine resources have to be used for efficient management of limitless inspection and quarantine objects, which requires the screening of the background conformity conditions of inspection and quarantine. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a methodology for potential reliability analysis and safety assessment, and has been widely applied to the protection system of accident prevention. It is of great significance to use FMEA to assess risk in the field of inspection and quarantine. This paper provides an approach for risk occurrence assessment according to actual needs of inspection and quarantine work, based on risk elements analysis in inspection and quarantine work.
Response to “Problems with DCE security services” (1996)

article Free Access Share on Response to “Problems with DCE security services” Author: Walter Tuvell DCE and Security, OSF DCE and Security, OSFView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication ReviewVolume 26Issue 2April 1996 pp 64–73https://doi.org/10.1145/231699.231706Online:15 April 1996Publication History 0citation222DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads222Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Reduced expression of <i>alpha‐1,2‐mannosidase I</i> extends lifespan in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> and <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2009)

Exposure to sub-lethal levels of stress, or hormesis, was a means to induce longevity. By screening for mutations that enhance resistance to multiple stresses, we identified multiple alleles of alpha-1,2-mannosidase I (mas1) which, in addition to promoting stress resistance, also extended longevity. Longevity enhancement is also observed when mas1 expression is reduced via RNA interference in both Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. The screen also identified Edem1 (Edm1), a gene downstream of mas1, as a modulator of lifespan. As double mutants for both mas1 and Edm1 showed no additional longevity enhancement, it appeared that both mutations function within a common pathway to extend lifespan. Molecular analysis of these mutants revealed that the expression of BiP, a putative biomarker of dietary restriction (DR), is down-regulated in response to reductions in mas1 expression. These findings suggested that mutations in mas1 may extend longevity by modulating DR.
Decreasing expression of the G1-phase inhibitors, p21Cip1 and p16INK4a, promotes division of corneal endothelial cells from older donors. (2010)

Both p21Cip1 and p16INK4a are involved in negative regulation of the cell cycle in HCEC and, thereby, provide an effective barrier to cell division. The siRNA-induced reduction in expression of these proteins increased the number of cells entering the cell cycle, as well as total cell numbers. Thus, reduction of the levels of p21Cip1 and p16INK4a could be useful in the development of treatments to induce transient cell division to increase corneal endothelial cell density.
Clinical and therapeutic implications of new peptides in hypertension (1991)

Two angiotensin receptor subtypes have been identified using specific ligands. The AT1 receptor mediates the known actions of angiotensin, but no function has yet been ascribed to the AT2 receptor. Inhibition of atrial natriuretic peptide metabolism by neutral endopeptidase inhibitors enhanced circulating levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and increased urinary sodium excretion in heart failure patients. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, chronic neutral endopeptidase 24.11 inhibition lowered arterial blood pressure. Transgenic mice, expressing atrial natriuretic peptide at very high levels, differ from normal mice in having a lower mean arterial blood pressure and enhanced ability to excrete a sodium load. Phosphoramidon, a metalloneutral endopeptidase inhibitor, blocks in vitro and in vivo conversion of proendothelin to the mature hormone and lowers blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Patients with an endothelin-secreting tumor were hypertensive, and removal of the tumor restored pressure to normal. Regrowth of the tumor resulted in the return of hypertension. Endothelin may contribute to several important pathologic conditions including hypertension, ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction, and renal failure.
Control of Pore Morphology in Mesoporous Silicas Synthesized from Triblock Copolymer Templates (2002)

In this paper we describe a novel approach for synthesizing calcined mesoporous silicas with tunable pore sizes, wall thicknesses, and pore spacings using mixtures of triblock copolymer surfactants as hexagonal templating agents. Small angle neutron scattering was used to probe the transition from the liquid crystal phase to the calcined mesoporous silicas formed upon condensation and drying. Powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption techniques were also used to establish pore diameters, silica wall widths, and the hexagonal packing of the pores within the calcined silicas. By use of a direct templating method, the diameters of mesopores and the spacing between the pores could be tuned with angström-level precision between the size range of 45−70 and 75−100 Å, respectively. Tailoring of the silica wall widths is also displayed. All the silicas synthesized were highly ordered over distances of at least 2 μm.
Histochemical classification of systemic amyloid fibril proteins. Alkaline guanidine method. (1986)

The alkaline guanidine method facilitates differentiation between different types of amyloid fibril proteins in formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Systemic AA-type amyloids lost Congophilia (affinity of Congo red) after incubation with alkaline guanidine for one minute. Systemic AL-type amyloids lost or markedly decreased Congophilia after two hours of treatment with alkaline guanidine. Systemic prealbumin-type amyloids were resistant to incubation for two hours. On the other hand, some cerebral amyloid plaques from patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome markedly decreased Congophilia, while in other amyloid plaques, Congophilia was not decreased even with two hours of treatment. The senile plaques from those patients with Alzheimer's disease did not diminish Congophilia after alkaline guanidine treatment. Thus, while this method does not differentiate types of cerebral amyloid protein, it does clearly differentiate types of systemic amyloid fibril proteins.
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis (2018)

Seit der Landung des Holländers Jan van Riebeeck in der Kapstädter Tafelbucht im Jahr 1652 und der nachfolgenden Besiedlung des afrikanischen Subkontinents durch die Europäer kann die Geschichte Südafrikas als ein fortschreitendes Ringen zwischen Schwarz und Weiß um Landbesitz und politische
Low-temperature synthesis of BaTiO3 thin films on silicon substrates by hydrothermal reaction (1993)

Crystalline BaTiO3 thin films (0.2–1 μm) of dielectric constant 450–500 have been synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of a titanium film (∼1 μm thickness) deposited on a silicon substrate with Ba(OH)2 solution (concentration 0.4 M) in the temperature range 100–200 °C. The reaction of the silicon substrate with the Ti film was prevented by deposition of a buffer layer of amorphous TiC between the Ti film and the Si substrate. The TiC not only prevented the diffusion of Si through the Ti layer but also allowed some reaction between itself and the Ti layer so that the adherence of the films was not degraded.
The Raymond Pearl memorial lecture, 1996: The eternal triangle—genes, phenotype, and environment (1997)

Attempts to understand the causes for phenotypical differences in the biology and behavior of human populations have tended to focus alternatively on genetic, cultural, and natural environmental variables. The relative narrowness of focus in these studies often impedes the development of research design appropriate to the hypothesis and the process of reaching reasonable conclusions. Past research on native high-altitude populations is used first to illustrate the deficiencies of research based on single variables and errors which can occur in conclusions about causal factors when potential genetic contributions are excluded. Analyses of blood pressure data from Samoan modernization studies are used to illustrate the complexity of determining causality in the development of a pathological condition. The need for better qualified cross-cultural measures is emphasized. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 9:93-101 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Guanidine-Containing Methacrylamide (Co)polymers via <i>a</i>RAFT: Toward a Cell-Penetrating Peptide Mimic (2011)

We report the synthesis and controlled radical homo- and block copolymerization of 3-guanidinopropyl methacrylamide (GPMA) utilizing aqueous reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (aRAFT) polymerization. The resulting homopolymer and block copolymer with N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) were prepared to mimic the behavior of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) and poly(arginine) (> 6 units) which have been shown to cross cell membranes. The homopolymerization mediated by 4-cyano-4-(ethylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanyl)pentanoic acid (CEP) in aqueous buffer exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics and linear growth of molecular weight with conversion. Retention of the "living" thiocarbonylthio ω-end-group was demonstrated through successful chain extension of the GPMA macroCTA yielding GPMA(37)-b-GPMA(61) (M(w)/M(n) =1.05). Block copolymers of GPMA with the non-immunogenic, biocompatible HPMA were synthesized yielding HPMA(271)-b-GPMA(13) (M(w)/M(n) = 1.15). Notably, intracellular uptake was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and flow cytometry experiments after 2.5 h incubation with KB cells at 4 °C and at 37 °C utilizing FITC-labeled, GPMA-containing copolymers. The observed facility of cellular uptake and the structural control afforded by aRAFT polymerization suggest significant potential for these synthetic (co)polymers as drug delivery vehicles in targeted therapies.
Sex differentiation in grayling (Salmonidae) goes through an all-male stage and is delayed in genetic males who instead grow faster (2017)

Fish populations can be threatened by distorted sex ratios that arise during sex differentiation. Here we describe sex differentiation in a wild grayling (Thymallus thymallus) population that suffers from distorted sex ratios. We verified that sex determination is linked to the sex determining locus (sdY) of salmonids. This allowed us to study sex-specific gene expression and gonadal development. Sex-specific gene expression could be observed during embryogenesis and was strong around hatching. About half of the fish showed immature testes around eleven weeks after fertilization. This phenotype was mostly replaced by the "testis-to-ovary" or "ovaries" phenotypes during development. The gonads of the remaining fish stayed undifferentiated until six months after fertilization. Genetic sexing revealed that fish with undifferentiated gonads were all males, who grew larger than the genetic females during the observational period. Only 12% of the genetic males showed testicular tissue six months after fertilization. We conclude that sex differentiation starts before hatching, goes through an all-male stage for both sexes (which represents a rare case of "undifferentiated" gonochoristic species that usually go through an all-female stage), and is delayed in males. During these juvenile stages males grow faster than females instead of developing their gonads.
5-Hydroxykynurenine Decarboxylase in Rat Intestine (1970)

An enzyme preparation was obtained from rat small intestine catalyzing the de-carboxylation of 5-hydroxykynurenine to yield 4, 6-dihydroxyquinoline via 5-hydroxykynurenamine. The enzyme was highly specific and neither kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, tryptophan nor 5-hydroxytryptophan could replace 5-hydroxykynurenine. Some properties of the enzyme are presented.
Topology-Optimized Multilayered Metaoptics (2018)

Compact metasurface devices herald an exciting revolution in optics technology. Their design complexity and functionality has been restricted to intuitive by-hand designs for single-layered devices. This study proposes a large-scale approach known as topology optimization, applied to multiple, closely spaced device layers, which greatly expands the scope and functionality of metadevices. In particular, the authors demonstrate angular phase control, the ability to encode arbitrary information using different angles of incidence, which enables $e.g.$ the design of a one-piece, aberration-corrected metalens, and of an angle-convergent metalens.
Hidden Blazars and Emission Line Variability of High Redshift Quasars (2001)

We have carried out a survey to search for hidden blazars in a sample of $z{\sim}2$ radio-loud quasars. The idea is based on our prediction that we should be able to see large CIV line variability not associated with observed continuum variations or most other emission lines in every radio-loud quasar. Here we report the initial results including the discovery of large CIV line variations in two quasars.
Tumour-homing peptides: tools for targeting, imaging and destruction (2007)

Each normal organ and pathological condition contains organ- or disease-specific molecular tags on its vasculature that constitute a vascular 'zip code' system. Tissue-selective tumour metastasis may also depend on vascular addresses. We have used phage display peptide libraries to map disease-specific differences in the vasculature. By using this technology, we have isolated several peptides which are targeted specifically to tumour blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and/or tumour cells. Some of the tumour-homing peptides recognize common angiogenesis markers and are capable of binding to several types of tumour, whereas other peptides recognize tumour-type-specific differences. We have also shown that the vasculature of a pre-malignant lesion differs from that of a full-blown tumour and also from the vasculature of the corresponding normal organ. Our peptides have revealed molecules that act as novel biomarkers of this vascular heterogeneity. Interestingly, some of our homing peptides are able to penetrate the target cells. This internalization differs from that of the Tat, penetratins and other related peptides in that our peptides enter the cell in a cell-type-specific manner. These peptides appear to be able to concentrate in the target tissue, making them particularly efficient delivery vectors for the targeting of drugs, other therapeutic moieties and imaging agents.
Novel impact-based peak-energy locking piezoelectric generators for munitions (2007)

Presented here is an innovative class of piezoelectric-based generators for application in gun-fired munitions and other similar devices. The generators are designed to produce electrical energy as a result of the firing acceleration with enough output to power certain on-board electronic circuitry, such as lowpower fuzing. In this class of piezoelectric-based generators, a novel mechanism is provided with which the strain applied to the piezoelectric stack can be maintained at its in-firing peak value throughout the flight of the projectile. As a result, the generated charge can be harvested efficiently during a significantly longer period of time. In addition, in some munitions applications this can totally eliminate the need for storing the generated electrical energy in another storage medium. This class of impact-based piezoelectric generator devices is intrinsically robust in design which makes it suitable for high-G applications. Also, since the present devices produce energy due to the firing acceleration, a high degree of safety is guaranteed because the electronics are not powered until the projectile is fired. A basic proof-of-concept design and a deployable prototype concept are presented which will demonstrate the scalability of the present devices as well as their survivability in high-G environments.
Identification of histone H3 clipping activity in human embryonic stem cells (2014)

Posttranslational histone modifications are essential features in epigenetic regulatory networks. One of these modifications has remained largely understudied: regulated histone proteolysis. In analogy to the histone H3 clipping during early mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation, we report for the first time that also in human embryonic stem cells this phenomenon takes place in the two different analyzed cell lines. Employing complementary techniques, different cleavage sites could be identified, namely A21, R26 and residue 31. The enzyme responsible for this cleavage is found to be a serine protease. The formation of cleaved H3 follows a considerably variable pattern, depending on the timeframe, culture conditions and culture media applied. Contrary to earlier findings on H3 clipping, our results disconnect the link between declining Oct4 expression and H3 cleavage.
Identification and genomic location of a reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) resistance locus (Ren ari ) introgressed from Gossypium aridum into upland cotton (G. hirsutum) (2009)

In this association mapping study, a tri-species hybrid, [Gossypium arboreum x (G. hirsutum x G. aridum)(2)], was crossed with MD51ne (G. hirsutum) and progeny from the cross were used to identify and map SSR markers associated with reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) resistance. Seventy-six progeny (the 50 most resistant and 26 most susceptible) plants were genotyped with 104 markers. Twenty-five markers were associated with a resistance locus that we designated Ren(ari) and two markers, BNL3279_132 and BNL2662_090, mapped within 1 cM of Ren(ari). Because the SSR fragments associated with resistance were found in G. aridum and the bridging line G 371, G. aridum is the likely source of this resistance. The resistance is simply inherited, possibly controlled by a single dominant gene. The markers identified in this project are a valuable resource to breeders and geneticists in the quest to produce cotton cultivars with a high level of resistance to reniform nematode.
Locomotor activity and occupancy of brain cannabinoid CB1 receptors by the antagonist/inverse agonist AM281 (2000)

The goals of this study were to examine the relationship between intravenous doses of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM281 (N-(morpholin-4-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide) and the degree of occupancy of this receptor, and to relate occupancy to the ability of this compound to antagonize the sedative effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2. Occupancy was determined by measuring the ability of intravenous doses of AM281 to inhibit in vivo binding of [(131)I]AM281 in brain areas, and locomotor activity was assessed by measuring the rate of beam crossings in a photocell apparatus. As previously documented, WIN 55,212-2 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly reduced locomotor activity at early times after administration. Co-injection of AM281 (0.3 mg/kg i/v) and WIN 55, 212-2 restored the rate of beam crossings to that seen on injection of vehicle. In addition, AM281 (0.3 mg/kg i/v) approximately doubled locomotor activity between 60-120 min when injected alone. The IC(50) value for displacement of [(131)I]AM281 by AM281 was 0.45 mg/kg. These observations confirm earlier indications that AM281 is a CB1 receptor antagonist or inverse agonist and suggest the existence of an endogenous cannabinoid tone that moderates exploratory locomotor activity.
Overview of Micro Heat Pipe Research and Development (1992)

The concept of a micro heat pipe was first proposed in 1984. Since that time, numerous analytical and experimental investigations have been conducted to determine the fundamental parameters that govern the operation of these devices. Micro heat pipes ranging in size from 1 mm in diameter and 60 mm in length to 30 μm in diameter and 10 mm in length have been analyzed, modelled, and fabricated. The following review describes the historical development of these devices, along with the analytical and numerical techniques used to model and predict their performance and the results of several recent experimental investigations. Because of recent advances in the development of micro heat pipes fabricated as an integral part of semiconductor wafers, particular emphasis has been placed on various construction and charging methods currently under investigation.