gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rainfall measurement using radio links from cellular communication networks (2007)

We investigate the potential of radio links such as employed by commercial cellular communication companies to monitor path‐averaged rainfall. We present an analysis of data collected using two 38‐GHz links during eight rainfall events over a 2‐month period (October–November 2003) during mostly stratiform rainfall in the Netherlands. Comparisons between the time series of rainfall intensities estimated using the radio links and those measured by a nearby rain gauge and a composite of two C band weather radars show that the dynamics of the rain events is generally well captured by the radio links. This shows that such links are potentially a valuable addition to existing methods of rainfall estimation, provided the uncertainties related to the reference signal level, signal level resolution, wet antenna attenuation, and temporal sampling can be resolved.
Analysis of Galinstan-Based Microgap Cooling Enhancement Using Structured Surfaces (2015)

Analyses of microchannel and microgap cooling show that galinstan, a recently developed nontoxic liquid metal that melts at −19 °C, may be more effective than water for direct liquid cooling of electronics. The thermal conductivity of galinstan is nearly 28 times that of water. However, since the volumetric specific heat of galinstan is about half that of water and its viscosity is 2.5 times that of water, caloric, rather than convective, resistance is dominant. We analytically investigate the effect of using structured surfaces (SSs) to reduce the overall thermal resistance of galinstan-based microgap cooling in the laminar flow regime. Significantly, the high surface tension of galinstan, i.e., 7 times that of water, implies that it can be stable in the nonwetting Cassie state at the requisite pressure differences for driving flow through microgaps. The flow over the SS encounters a limited liquid–solid contact area and a low viscosity gas layer interposed between the channel walls and galinstan. Consequent reductions in friction factor result in decreased caloric resistance, but accompanying reductions in Nusselt number increase convective resistance. These are accounted for by expressions in the literature for apparent hydrodynamic and thermal slip. We develop a dimensionless expression to evaluate the tradeoff between the pressure stability of the liquid–solid–gas system and hydrodynamic slip. We also consider secondary effects including entrance effects and temperature dependence of thermophysical properties. Results show that the addition of SSs enhances heat transfer.
The Pronunciation Component in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (1991)

Peer Reviewed
eXtensible Instrument Processing Protocol (XIPP): A Real-Time Signal Processing Framework for Neural Interfaces (2007)

There are many commercially available neural data acquisition systems, and all of them use proprietary data formats for internal communication and file storage. This can make it difficult for researchers to develop open, non-proprietary interface and control systems that must access neural data in real time. In this paper, we present a novel packet-based protocol for description and configuration of an array of signal processing instruments, software modules that run on these processors, physical and logical connections, and management of binary data streams between system elements and external devices. This protocol is being prepared as an open industry standard, along with supporting open source software libraries and tools
Enantioselective γ-borylation of unsaturated amides and stereoretentive Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling (2017)

The rhodium-catalyzed, directed catalytic asymmetric hydroboration of γ,δ-unsaturated amides affords a direct route to chiral acyclic secondary γ-borylated carbonyl derivatives in high enantiomeric purity. In contrast to a similar β-borylated amide derivative, the γ-borylated amide undergoes Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with stereoretention. The utility of the boronic ester products is further illustrated by other stereospecific C-B bond transformations leading to γ-amino acid derivatives, 1,4-amino alcohols, and 5-substituted-γ-lactone and γ-lactam ring systems.
Therapeutic approaches to inhibited sexual desire in lesbians (1995)

Abstract Traditional approaches to inhibited sexual hire (ISD)—which may be exclusively heterosexist, erotophobic, sexist, and homophobic—fail to adequately address ISD within the lesbian population, in which incest and substance abuse occur commonly. Successful treatment of ISD among lesbians requires awareness of sexual minority customs, lesbian psychologies, and recovery agendas.
PTEN mutation in endometrial cancers is associated with favorable clinical and pathologic characteristics. (1998)

Mutation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene is a frequent event in endometrial cancers. In other types of cancers, PTEN mutation has been associated with metastatic behavior and advanced stage. To examine the relationship between PTEN mutation and clinical features of endometrial cancers, we screened 136 cases for mutations in the nine exons and intronic splice sites of the PTEN gene, using single-strand conformation analysis, and aberrant bands were sequenced. Mutations were noted in 44 of 136 (32%) endometrial cancers, and two mutations were present in 8 cases. There were 36 cases with mutations resulting in truncated protein products, 6 cases with missense mutations in the phosphatase domain, 1 case with an in-frame deletion, and 1 case with a large insertion. Mutation of the PTEN gene correlated most closely with endometrioid histology; mutations were seen in only 5% (1 of 21) of serous/clear cell cancers compared with 37% (43 of 115) of endometrioid cancers (P = 0.004). PTEN mutation was associated with early stage, nonmetastatic disease and more favorable survival in both the entire group of 136 cases and in the 115 endometrioid cases. In addition, PTEN mutation correlated with other molecular features associated with favorable clinical behavior, including microsatellite instability and absence of p53 overexpression. Microsatellite instability was found in 60% of cases with PTEN mutations compared with only 25% of cases without mutations (P = 0.004). Overexpression of p53 was seen in only 14% of cases with PTEN mutations compared to 39% of cases without mutations (P = 0.006). In conclusion, PTEN mutation is associated with endometrioid histology and other favorable pathological, clinical, and molecular features rather than with increased metastatic potential as has been noted in some other types of cancers.
Evolution of the Gas-Vapour Phase and the Total Particulate Matter of Cigarette Smoke in a Single Puff (1976)

Abstract The concentration of gas-vapour phase components of cigarette smoke increases almost throughout from the beginning to the end of each puff, as produced on a piston-actioned smoking machine. While this is not true for all substances examined in the 5th puff, it is obvious in the 3rd puff, and very pronounced in the 8th puff, where the increase in volatile components from the second to the last thirds of a single puff is important. This indicates without any doubt that the concentration in volatile components increases from the beginning to the end of a puff. This effect is increased as the smoking progresses towards the butt end of the cigarette. The yield of the crude smoke condensate is about the same in each third of a puff. In the last puff, however, the increase from the 2nd to the last puff third is very pronounced and is comparable to the increase in volatile smoke components from the beginning to the end of the puff.
Novel cavity design for high reflectivity changes in a normally off electroabsorption modulator (1991)

We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally a novel Fabry–Perot electroabsorption modulator. Both a normally off reflectivity characteristic and negative differential conductivity were obtained by increasing the optical absorption coefficient with voltage. Using the large absorption change of the quantum confined Stark effect, we obtain excellent modulation characteristics with a change in absolute reflectivity of 47% and a contrast ratio greater than 15.
Walk-Through Illustrations: Frame-Coherent Pen-and-Ink Style in a Game Engine (2001)

In this paper we show how a game engine designed to generate photorealistic images can be extended to produce non-photorealistic and hybrid renditions. We introduce new hardware-based methods to accomplish pen-and-ink illustrations. The combination of the highly optimized processing of a game engine and the use of hardware for NPR algorithms yields real-time animation of pen-and-ink illustrations. The particular advance of this method is that it yields the first real-time, frame-coherent pen-and-ink animations which maintain both tone and texture.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Improves Cardiovascular Function and Suppresses Apoptosis of Cardiomyocytes in Dilated Cardiomyopathy1 (1999)

To investigate how insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) modulates cardiovascular function and myocardial apoptosis in heart failure, the therapeutic effects of IGF-I were determined in a canine model of dilated cardiomyopathy. The animals were paced at 220 beats/min, and the left ventricular (LV) chamber became dilated after 2 weeks. A subset of paced dogs was treated with s.c. injections of IGF-I from week 3 to week 4. After 4 weeks of pacing, untreated paced dogs developed significant ventricular dysfunction. IGF-I-treated paced dogs showed better cardiac output, stroke volume, LV end-systolic pressure, and LV end-diastolic pressure. Moreover, pulmonary wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance were increased in the untreated group and decreased in the IGF-I-treated group. IGF-I treatment was associated with less thinning of the ventricular wall. Compared with the controls, untreated paced dogs showed increased apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells, which was partially suppressed by IGF-I treatment. The myocardial apoptotic index was negatively related to the thickness of the ventricular wall and to cardiac output, suggesting that ventricular remodeling/dysfunction involves the occurrence of myocardial apoptosis. Due to the close resemblance between this experimental model of dilated cardiomyopathy and human heart failure, the results of this study provide evidence that IGF-I may be a potential therapeutic agent for the failing human heart.
Learning Complex Cell Invariance from Natural Videos: A Plausibility Proof (2007)

One of the most striking feature of the cortex is its ability to wire itself.Understanding how the visual cortex wires up through development and how visual experience refines connections into adulthood is a key question for Neuroscience.While computational models of the visual cortex are becoming increasingly detailed (Riesenhuber and
Full-wave design of canonical waveguide filters by optimization (2002)

Full-wave design of canonical waveguide filters by optimization is presented. For full-wave modeling, the filter structure is decomposed into the cascade connection of waveguide step discontinuities, waveguide T-junction discontinuities with branch waveguide cascaded with waveguide step or bifurcation discontinuities. Generalized scattering matrices of each discontinuity are obtained using the mode matching method, from which the filter response can be obtained using the cascading procedure. Interpolation tables of each discontinuity are used to speed up the optimization process. Full-wave synthesis of coupling iris dimensions is also described. A four-cavity filter design example is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
A 10-MS/s-to-100-kS/s Power-Scalable Fully Differential CBSC 10-Bit Pipelined ADC With Adaptive Biasing (2010)

A 10-MS/s-to-100-kS/s power-scalable fully differential comparator-based switched-capacitor (CBSC) 10-bit pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented. To operate over a wide range of sampling rates, an adaptive biasing technique is proposed to enhance both linearity and signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio (SNDR) at low sampling rates. This ADC has been fabricated in a 0.18-¿m standard CMOS process. It achieves 62.3-dB spurious-free-dynamic range (SFDR) and 53.3-dB SNDR while being sampled at 10 MS/s and consuming 1.95 mW from a 1.8-V power supply, which obtains a figure of merit of 510 fJ/step. With the utilization of adaptive biasing, the SNDR increases from 53.3 to 56.4 dB at most when decreasing the sampling rate. In addition, its power consumption continuously reduces from 1.95 mW (10 MS/s) to 158.4 ¿W (100 kS/s).
Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels in Cell Proliferation (2004)

It is commonly accepted that cells require K(+) channels to proliferate. The role(s) of K(+) channels in the process is, however, poorly understood. Cloning of K(+) channel genes opened the possibility to approach this problem in a way more independent from pharmacological tools. Recent work shows that several identified K(+) channels are important in both physiological and pathological cell proliferation and open a promising pathway for novel targeted therapies.
Chitosan-Grafted Copolymers and Chitosan-Ligand Conjugates as Matrices for Pulmonary Drug Delivery (2011)

Recently, much attention has been given to pulmonary drug delivery by means of nanosized systems to treat both local and systemic diseases. Among the different materials used for the production of nanocarriers, chitosan enjoys high popularity due to its inherent characteristics such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesion, among others. Through the modification of chitosan chemical structure, either by the addition of new chemical groups or by the functionalization with ligands, it is possible to obtain derivatives with advantageous and specific characteristics for pulmonary administration. In this paper, we discuss the advantages of using chitosan for nanotechnology-based pulmonary delivery of drugs and summarize the most recent and promising modifications performed to the chitosan molecule in order to improve its characteristics.
Basic Study on Discriminability of Mental Location of Electrocutaneous Phantom Sensation (1979)

In this paper, in order to develop the spatial electrocutaneous communication system with minimum size of hardware, fundamental experiments were performed to provide with various locations on the skin a continuously variable sensation by utilizing the phantom sensation. Two sets of electrodes were located on the skin just above the biceps brachii and stimuli were presented to each electrodes either simultaneously or with time delay. The effect of relative magnitudes and time delay on the phantom sensation was experimentally studied. The following results were obtained. (1) The magnitude-difference cue was found more distinct than the temporal-difference cue. The phantom sensation caused by a magnitude-difference cue becomes less clear as the energy level becomes high (above 40erg/channel), and as the interval of pulse stimuli becomes short (under 50ms). (2) The relation between the mental location of the relative magnitude phantom sensation and the ratio of the magnitude of stimuli E0/E1, in which E0 and E1 are the energy levels of stimuli simultaneously presented to adjacent locations respectively, is linear, and does not depend on the stimulus energy level (E0+E1) except in the vicinity of each electrode, where the relation depends on the energy level. (3) The just noticeable difference (jnd) of mental location has a maximum value at the central position between the two electrodes and a minimum value at the neighborhoods of the electrodes. The maximum information transmission rate calculated from jnd of mental location depends on the distance d between the two electrodes and ranges from 2.0 to 3.0 bits for d between 50 and 150mm. (4) The advantages of employing the technique of the phantom sensation are that it can reduce the number of electrodes required for spatial electrocutaneous stimulation and also that it can distribute stimuli more densely without the restriction of electrode sizes.
Cloning of the major protein of the Caulobacter crescentus periodic surface layer: detection and characterization of the cloned peptide by protein expression assays (1984)

A precisely ordered crystalline array is found on the surface of the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus CB15. Using an immunological assay, we identified recombinant bacteriophage clones expressing the predominant protein of this structure from a lambda 1059 library of C. crescentus CB15 DNA. A single 4.4-kilobase HindIII fragment encoded a polypeptide whose antigenic determinants, molecular weight, and peculiar solubilization properties were identical with those of the authentic predominant polypeptide (130K) of the surface array. The 130K protein was produced as a discrete product as a result of gene transcription initiated from a lambda promoter; several experiments suggested that the Caulobacter promoter for this gene is not efficiently recognized by the Escherichia coli transcription machinery. Genomic Southern analysis revealed a single copy of the 130K protein gene per genome. The 130K protein gene was hybridized with DNA of two closely related laboratory strains of C. crescentus which have lost their ability to produce a surface array. One of these strains, CB2, possesses an homologous copy of the 130K gene, whereas DNA from the other strain, CB13B1a, showed a lesser degree of hybridization to the 130K gene probe; genomic fragments which did hybridize were of different sizes in CB13 as compared with those of CB15. These findings are discussed in relation to studies of the surface array function and its role in cellular morphogenesis in this stalk-forming bacterium.
The Role of Complement in Antibody Therapy for Infectious Diseases (2014)

The complement system is part of the innate immune system, eliciting central immunoregulatory functions. Detection of foreign surfaces is either achieved through complement-specific patternrecognition molecules or mediated by antigen recognition of antibodies. Immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM all have the potential to initiate a complement response, with the efficiency and response development closely related to the antibody isotype, multimeric state, and degree of glycosylation. A group of serum proteins constitutes the central effector functions of complement, thus allowing direct cell lysis, opsonization, and inflammation. These effector functions can be used in antibody therapies, especially against infectious diseases, as the target membranes lack complement regulatory proteins. The relative contribution of each function and the interplay with direct antibody-mediated clearance is not fully exploited, thus suggesting an option for further rational optimization of antibody therapies.
The interactive step trade-off method (ISTM) for multiobjective optimization (1990)

The interactive step tradeoff method (ISTM) is composed of three basic steps. First, an efficient solution and the corresponding local tradeoff information are provided by the analyst. Then, the decision maker determines the preference direction and step size. Again the analyst looks for a new efficient solution according to the preference information; the new solution should dominate the previous one. In ISTM, the efficient solution and the local tradeoff information, the current values of objective functions, and the tradeoff rates between them are obtained by solving an auxiliary problem. The auxiliary problem is defined, and relationships between the optimal solutions of the auxiliary problem and the efficient solutions of the original problem are explored. The relationships between the Kuhn-Tucker multipliers (or simplex multipliers) of the auxiliary problems and the tradeoff rates are analyzed. The particular steps of the ISTM algorithm are given. An example is discussed to illustrate the use of the algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improvement of measurement accuracy of line-focus beam acoustic microscope system (2003)

Accurate velocity measurements of leaky surface acoustic waves (LSAWs) on the water/sample boundary with the line-focus-beam (LFB) acoustic microscope system are described. Some serious problems, such as temperature stabilization and mechanical precision, are experimentally discussed from the point of view of measurement accuracy. It is essential to stabilize the temperature around the system because the acoustic properties of water, used as a reference medium, depend on its temperature. The system is installed in a temperature-controlled room with 23+or-0.1 degrees C. The influence of the movement errors on measurements is investigated by comparing the measured LSAW velocities with data obtained by the optical method. Experimental procedures to avoid the influence are established for accurate measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Holographic diffusers: polarization effects (1994)

In some applications of diffusers, it-is desirable to minimize the diffuse back reflection of light. Use of polarized light is one way to reduce this back reflection. To that end, the effect of diffusers on polarized light is studied experimentally. Diffusers based on ground glass, white plastic containing scatterers, and holographic optical elements are considered. The ground glass and holographic optical element (HOE) diffusers preserve polarization in the diffusion process, but the white plastic does not. Diffuse back reflection from ground glass or holographic diffusers can be significantly reduced using an isolator based on a quarter-wave plate.
HSV activates Akt to trigger calcium release and promote viral entry: novel candidate target for treatment and suppression (2013)

HSV triggers intracellular calcium release to promote viral entry. We hypothesized that Akt signaling induces the calcium responses and contributes to HSV entry. Exposure of human cervical and primary genital tract epithelial, neuronal, or keratinocyte cells to HSV serotype 2 resulted in rapid phosphorylation of Akt. Silencing of Akt with small interfering RNA prevented the calcium responses, blocked viral entry, and inhibited plaque formation by 90% compared to control siRNA. Susceptibility to infection was partially restored if Akt was reintroduced into silenced cells with an Akt-expressing plasmid. HSV-2 variants deleted in glycoproteins B or D failed to induce Akt phosphorylation, and coimmunoprecipitation studies indicated that Akt interacts with glycoprotein B. Cell-surface expression of Akt was rapidly induced in response to HSV exposure. Miltefosine (50 μM), a licensed drug that blocks Akt phosphorylation, inhibited HSV-induced calcium release, viral entry, and plaque formation following infection with acyclovir-sensitive and resistant clinical isolates. Miltefosine blocked amplification of HSV from explanted ganglia to epithelial cells; viral yields were significantly less in miltefosine compared to control-treated cocultures (P<0.01). Together, these findings identify a novel role for Akt in viral entry, link Akt and calcium signaling, and suggest a new target for HSV treatment and suppression.