gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic ballast for HID lamps with high frequency square waveform to avoid acoustic resonances (2002)

This paper presents a driver for an HID lamp based on the application of a high frequency current square waveform through the lamp with the goal of avoiding acoustic resonances. The proposed ballast is fed from a 12 V DC input voltage and is intended to be used in systems supplied from nonconventional sources, such as back-up batteries, photovoltaic generators and automotive applications. In order to initiate the discharge in the lamp, a specially designed igniter supplied from the 12 V DC voltage is used to apply high voltage ignition peaks to the lamp. Experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype for a 70 W metal halide lamp supplied at 30 kHz are also shown to evaluate the possibilities of the proposed topology.
Fast fourier imaging (1985)

A new NMR imaging technique, aiming at a reduction of the data acquisition time, is described in detail. The method is applicable in all multidimensional imaging situations where at least one spatial coordinate is resolved. Discussed at some length are the point-spread function, the required bandwidth of the NMR spectrometer, and the sampling strategy used to diminish the loss in signal-to-noise ratio. Experiments reveal that a reduction of the data acquisition time by at least a factor of four is attainable in practice.
Enhanced adhesion of electron beam resist by grafted monolayer poly(methylmethacrylate-<i>co</i>-methacrylic acid) brush (2015)

In electron beam lithography, poor resist adhesion to a substrate may lead to resist structure detachment upon development. One popular method to promote resist adhesion is to modify the substrate surface. In this study, the authors will show that a poly(methylmethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) [P(MMA-co-MAA)] monolayer “brush” can be grafted onto a silicon substrate using thermal annealing that leads to chemical bonding of the P(MMA-co-MAA) copolymer to the hydroxyl group-terminated substrate, followed by acetic acid wash to remove the bulk, unbonded copolymer. The monolayer brush has a thickness of 12 nm. The authors will show that it can greatly improve the adhesion of positive resist, the ZEP-520A, and negative resist polystyrene to bare silicon surfaces, which led to high resolution patterning without resist detachment upon development. The improvement was more dramatic when patterning dense sub-100 nm period grating structures. But the improvement was negligible for an aluminum substrate, because, even without the brush layer, resist adhesion to aluminum is found already to be strong enough to prevent resist structure peeling off. The current simple and low cost method could be very useful when resist adhesion to the substrate for a given developer is weak.
Osteopontin: possible role in prostate cancer progression. (1999)

Human prostate cancer has the propensity to metastasize to the bone where reciprocal cellular interactions between prostate cancer and bone cells are known to occur. Osteopontin (OPN), a noncollagenous bone extracellular matrix, is a secreted adhesive glycoprotein with a functional RGD cell-binding domain that interacts with the alpha(v)beta3 cell surface integrin heterodimer. OPN has been associated with malignant transformation as well as being ligand to the CD44 receptor. Polyclonal antibodies to human OPN (hOPN) were prepared, and specificity was shown by preabsorption with recombinant hOPN. The stimulatory effect of hOPN protein and the inhibitory effect of hOPN antibody on human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and C4-2 were assessed by induction or inhibition of anchorage-independent growth, respectively. Expression of hOPN mRNA in prostate cancer cell lines and human prostate cancer tissue specimens were measured by mRNA blot analysis. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in human prostate cancer specimens and by Western blot analysis in prostate cancer cell lines. hOPN stimulated anchorage-independent growth of the human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and C4-2 in vitro. Antibodies to hOPN inhibited the growth-stimulatory effect by endogenous OPN, which can be overcome by the addition of exogenous hOPN. hOPN mRNA and protein are expressed in human prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and in clinical human prostate cancer specimens. These findings taken together suggest that OPN may act as a paracrine and autocrine mediator of prostate cancer growth and progression.
Comparison of the hypolipidemic activity of cyclic vs. acyclic imides (1985)

Two series of nitrogen-substituted cyclic and acyclic imides were examined for hypolipidemic activity in mice after dosing for 16 days at a dose of 20 mg/kg per day. The hypolipidemic activity of the unsubstituted, N-butyl, N-3-oxobutyl, and N-2-carboxyethyl derivatives of diacetimide and succinimide were compared as well as the unsubstituted and N-substituted dibenzimide and diphenimide. It was shown that an imide functionality incorporated into a ring was not necessary for hypocholesterolemic activity. Good hypocholesterolemic activity was observed in both series of acyclic and cyclic imides. However, a cyclic imido structure was a necessary requirement for good hypotriglyceridemic activity. A decrease in hypotriglyceridemic activity was noted when comparing the cyclic imides to their respective acyclic congeners.
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STABILITY OF CRYSTALLINE VITAMINS D2 AND D3 AND THEIR DERIVATIVES (1943)

Fritz, Halpin, Hooper, and Kramke (1) presented evidence that vitamin D is not stable when added to various dry carriers as it must be added of necessity to mixed feeds.The carriers used include dried whey, sucrose, oyster shell, mineral mixtures, sand, kaolin, and MnS04 in mixtures with such solvents as ether, corn oil, tuna oil, and the U.S.P. reference oil with a menstruum such as cereals and ground corn.Instability is due to numerous substances or conditions that promote oxidation.Temperature coefficients and other data indicate that the destruction is due to a chemical reaction.Thus, all forms of vitamin D, including activated ergosterol in a crystalline form or when adsorbed on casein (ertron), activated T-dehydrocholesterol (crystalline vitamin D3), as well as vitamin D from natural sources, are susceptible to destruction.This change occurs more rapidly in a dry dispersed state than in emulsions.Various methods for stabilizing vitamin D have been tested.The most effective protection is afforded by coatings which prevent contact with air.Thus, coating agents such as dried whey with hydrogenated fats and calcium stearate impart materially more stability than does whey alone.Mineral mixtures deteriorated rapidly, but were satisfactorily stabilized by hydrogenated fats or even molasses.Packing in inert gases additionally retards the rate of destruction.Baird, Ringrose, and MacMillan (2) reported that the vitamin D content of chick ration fortified with cod liver oil and stored at summer temperatures for 32 weeks showed no measurable destruction.Jung (3) noted that peanut oil solutions of vitamin DS were less stable than similar solutions of vitamin Dz, but the stability on addition of stabilizing substances such as yeast, alfalfa meal, and CaC03 was satisfactory.The present report deals with the stability of crystalline D vitamins and their derivatives per se, as well as when incorporated in pharmaceutical preparations.During the last 4 years large amounts of vitamins Dt and Da and their derivatives have gone through our hands and we have tried to establish their data in terms of melting point, specific rotation, and ultraviolet ab-125
CyanoBase, a www database containing the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 (1998)

CyanoBase (http://www.kazusa.or.jp/cyano/) is a database containing genomic information on the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. It furnishes an annotation to each of the 3168 protein genes deduced from the entire nucleotide sequence of this genome. Information on the genome can be directly accessed through three different menus: a clickable physical map of the genome, a gene classification list, and a keyword search menu, all of which are accessible from the main page of the database. The entry page for a gene annotation contains the following information: the location of the gene on the genome, the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the gene, the result of a similarity search, and the classification of the deduced gene product according to its function. This page has reverse-links to the local physical map and gene classification list so that relevant genes can be searched in terms of their location on the genome and their function. In addition, the main page of CyanoBase provides engines for similarity searches between a query sequence and the entire genome sequence and for keyword searches, in addition to numerous links to pages containing related information.
[Clinical study on Tangweikang in treating diabetic gastroparesis]. (2007)

TWK has favorable therapeutic efficacy in treating DGP.
Synthesis and antimicrobial assays of 3-diazoindole-2-carboxamides. (1996)

Some 3-diazoindole-2-carboxamides have been synthesized and their antimicrobial activity have been tested. Antimicrobial activity was practically lacking.
Suppression of reverse-short-channel effect insub –0.1 µm <i>n</i> -MOSFETs with Sb S/D implantation (1999)

A study is presented into the reverse-short-channel effect (RSCE) for Sb S/D ion implantation at 10 keV. A high impurity concentration is found to reduce interstitial movement in the channel, which restricts the level RSCE at short-channel lengths. The interstitials can be healed by thermal treatment at 850°C directly after ion implantation, resulting in the suppression of the RSCE.
Data Quality Assessment of Ungated Flow Cytometry Data in High (2007)

Background: The recent development of semi-automated techniques for staining and analyzing flow cytometry samples has presented new challenges. Quality control and quality assessment are critical when developing new high throughput technologies and their associated information services. Our experience suggests that significant bottlenecks remain in the development of high throughput flow cytometry methods for data analysis and display. Especially, data quality control and quality assessment are crucial steps in processing and analyzing high throughput flow cytometry data.\nMethods: We propose a variety of graphical exploratory data analytic tools for exploring ungated flow cytometry data. We have implemented a number of specialized functions and methods in the Bioconductor package rflowcyt. We demonstrate the use of these approaches by investigating two independent sets of high throughput flow cytometry data.\nResults: We found that graphical representations can reveal substantial non-biological differences in samples. Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function and summary scatterplots were especially useful in the rapid identification of problems not identified by manual review.\nConclusions: Graphical exploratory data analytic tools are quick and useful means of assessing data quality. We propose that the described visualizations should be used as quality assessment tools and where possible, be used for quality control.
Joints in ${\rm MgB}_{2}$ Tapes and Wires for Persistent Current Operating Magnet (2010)

Persistent current (PC) operation is important for certain scientific and application magnets, such as the magnet in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. To achieve PC mode, the circuit resistance must be very low, thus, superconducting joints are required. In this report, joints of MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> wires and tapes using Mg and B powders as the flux are fabricated and tested. Close circuit coil and test magnet designed to work in both liquid He immersion and conduction cooling conditions are developed along with the joints using the "wind and react" approach. PC operation tests of the coils and the magnet are made and the magnetic field at its center is monitored using precise Hall sensors. The work is essential to the developing MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> MRI systems.
Texture-Based Automatic Separation of Echoes from Distributed Moving Targets in UWB Radar Signals (2014)

A novel algorithm is proposed for separating multiple moving targets in radar images in the slow time-range domain. Target discrimination is based on an image texture angle that is related to the target's instantaneous velocity. The algorithm efficiency has been successfully verified for targets with variable velocities.
Optimization of the Tet-on System To Regulate Interleukin 12 Expression in the Liver for the Treatment of Hepatic Tumors (2004)

Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a potent antitumoral cytokine, but it can be toxic at high doses. Therapy of liver tumors might benefit from the use of vectors enabling tight control of IL-12 expression in hepatic tissue for long periods of time. To this aim, we have improved the Tet-on system by modifying the minimal region of the inducible promoter and adjusting the level of the trans-activator using liver-specific promoters with graded activities. The resulting vectors allowed hepato-specific gene regulation with lower basal activity and higher inducibility compared with the original system in the absence of repressor molecules. The basal and final protein levels depend on the strength of the promoter that directs the transcripcional activator as well as the relative orientation of the two genes in the same plasmid. We have selected the construct combining minimal leakage with higher level of induced gene expression to regulate IL-12 after DNA transfer to mouse liver. Administration of doxycycline (Dox) enhanced IL-12 expression in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it was undetectable in serum in the noninduced state. Gene activation could be repeated several times, and sustained levels of IL-12 were achieved by daily administration of Dox. The antitumor effect of IL-12 was evaluated in a mouse model of metastatic colon cancer to the liver. Complete eradication of liver metastasis and prolonged survival was observed in all mice receiving Dox for 10 days. These data demonstrate the potential of a naked DNA gene therapy strategy to achieve tight control of IL-12 within the liver for the treatment of cancer.
On the stability of wholesale electricity markets under real-time pricing (2010)

The paper proposes a mathematical model for the dynamic evolution of supply, demand, and clearing prices under a class of real-time pricing mechanisms characterized by passing on the real-time wholesale prices to the end consumers. The effects that such mechanisms could pose on the stability and efficiency of the entire system is investigated and several stability criteria are presented. It is shown that relaying the real-time wholesale electricity prices to the end consumers creates a closed loop feedback system which could be unstable or lack robustness, leading to extreme price volatility. Finally, a result is presented which characterizes the efficiency losses incurred when, in order to achieve stability, the wholesale prices are adjusted by a static pricing function before they are passed on to the retail consumers.
La tradición no es suficiente : mejora de la calidad y seguridad alimentaria (2001)

Genetic variants in KLF11 are unlikely to have a major effect of Type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population, although they were significantly associated in North European populations. These observations might help to determine the role of KLF11 variants in Type 2 diabetes in different populations.
PCR-generated artefact from 16S rRNA gene-specific primers (2005)

Artefacts consisting of concatenated oligonucleotide primer sequences were generated during sub-optimally performing polymerase chain reaction amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA genes using a commonly employed primer pair. These artefacts were observed during amplification for terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of complex microbial communities, and after amplification from DNA from a microbial culture. Similar repetitive motifs were found in gene sequences deposited in GenBank. The artefact can be avoided by using different primers for the amplification reaction.
Pervasive and dynamic protein binding sites of the mRNA transcriptome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2013)

Our study offers an unprecedented view of the pervasiveness and dynamics of protein-RNA interactions in vivo.
Mechanism of flecainide's antiarrhythmic action in experimental atrial fibrillation. (1992)

Class Ic antiarrhythmic drugs are effective in the treatment of atrial fibrillation, but their mechanism of action is unknown. In previous work, we have found that flecainide causes tachycardia-dependent increases in atrial action potential duration (APD) and effective refractory period (ERP) by reducing APD accommodation to heart rate. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of action of flecainide in an experimental model of sustained atrial fibrillation (AF). AF was produced by a brief burst of atrial pacing in the presence of vagal stimulation and persisted spontaneously until vagal stimulation was stopped. The actions of flecainide at two dose levels were compared with those of isotonic glucose placebo in each dog, with a randomized order of blinded drug administration. Flecainide terminated AF in all 16 dogs, while glucose was effective in none (p less than 0.0001). Flecainide increased atrial ERP and reduced conduction velocity in a tachycardia-dependent manner. Doses of flecainide that converted AF resulted in larger changes in ERP than in conduction velocity, increasing the minimum path-length capable of supporting reentry (wavelength). In addition, flecainide reduced regional heterogeneity in ERP and wavelength, an action opposite that of vagal stimulation. Atrial epicardial mapping with a 112-electrode atrial array was used to study the mechanism of flecainide action on AF. Under control conditions, multiple small zones of reentry coexisted. Flecainide progressively increased the size of reentry circuits, decreased their number, and slowed the frequency of atrial activation until the arrhythmia finally terminated; all changes were compatible with an increase in wavelength. We conclude that flecainide terminates atrial fibrillation in this experimental model by causing tachycardia-dependent increases in atrial ERP, which increase the wavelength at the rapid rates characteristic of AF to the point that the arrhythmia can no longer sustain itself.
Forensic applications of a rapid, sensitive, and precise multiplex analysis of the four short tandem repeat loci HUMVWF31/A, HUMTH01, HUMF13A1, and HUMFES/FPS (1995)

A system of four short tandem repeat loci (HUMVWF31A, HUMTH01, HUMF13A1, and HUMFES/FPS) has been tested in co-amplification with forensic (post-mortem and post-coital) DNA samples. Semiautomated DNA typing was employed to analyze polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products formed by extension of primers labeled with a fluorescent dye at the 5'-terminus. Most DNA extracts could be typed, although a few required the addition of bovine serum albumin or a pretreatment by ultrafiltration in order to obtain sufficient signal for typing. Balanced signals for the alleles were obtained frequently across the loci, although preferential amplifications of HUMTH01 was observed often with the forensic samples. Band splitting due to nontemplate nucleotide addition to the blunt ends of the amplimers was frequently detected for the DNA extracted from the forensic samples. A data-base was constructed for the African-American population and compared with a Caucasian database. Few differences were observed across the two populations, except at the locus HUMTH01. The fluorescence-based system facilitates large-scale databasing, because the PCR products run off the gel, allowing more than one set of samples to be analyzed per run. Polyacrylamide gel reuse did not diminish genotyping accuracy.
The dictionary of multimedia: terms & acronyms (1998)

Presents and defines the language that has resulted from the synthesis of traditional forms of art and communication with the rapidly-evolving fields of computing and networking from A:B:C notation to z-sorting. Extended definitions of important concepts such as MIDI, FireWire and MPEG are included. Appendices cover: copyright issues; standard organizations; DOS commands; World Wide Web; CGI conventions; and further reading.
Microprocessor based implementation and testing of a simple Viterbi detector (1981)

The Viterbi detector, a detector based on the Viterbi algorithm used to decode convolutional codes, exhibits improved error performance for intersymbol interference (ISI) channels relative to linear receivers. However, the detector is complex as its storage and processing requirements grow exponentially with channel memory. A truncated-state Viterbi detector assumes the channel memory is less than it really is. The authors present an implementation of a truncated-state Viterbi detector on an eight-bit microprocessor. This implementation is tested in the laboratory and experimental results are compared with both theory and a digital computer simulation of the communication process. The results give an estimate of the implementation loss that would be introduced in a more practical digital implementation of the detector.
A New Mobility Extraction Technique Based on Simultaneous Ultrafast $I_{d}$–$V_{g}$ and $C_{\rm cg}$–$V_{g}$ Measurements in MOSFETs (2012)

Channel carrier mobility in MOSFETs is a key parameter for process development, material selection, and device modeling. The existing techniques for mobility evaluation suffer from one or more of the following shortcomings: slow speed and vulnerability to fast trapping, drain bias dependence, cable-changing, sensitivity to gate leakage, complex procedure, and a need for simulation. This paper proposes and develops a new technique to overcome these shortcomings. - and - are simultaneously measured so that the effect of on mobility is inherently taken into account, and the measured mobility becomes -independent. The cable connection switching between - and - measurements is avoided, and the measurement completes in one pulse. This allows the measurement time reducing to the order of microseconds and, in turn, minimizing the effect of charge trapping. Unlike the standard high-frequency - , is independent of gate leakage here, and the applicability of new technique to thin gate oxides of high gate leakage will be demonstrated. These advantages, together with its easy implementation, should make this technique a simple and robust tool for process development, material selection, and device modeling in future generations of CMOS technology.