gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constraint-based semi-autonomy for unmanned ground vehicles using local sensing (2012)

Teleoperated vehicles are playing an increasingly important role in a variety of military functions. While advantageous in many respects over their manned counterparts, these vehicles also pose unique challenges when it comes to safely avoiding obstacles. Not only must operators cope with difficulties inherent to the manned driving task, but they must also perform many of the same functions with a restricted field of view, limited depth perception, potentially disorienting camera viewpoints, and significant time delays. In this work, a constraint-based method for enhancing operator performance by seamlessly coordinating human and controller commands is presented. This method uses onboard LIDAR sensing to identify environmental hazards, designs a collision-free path homotopy traversing that environment, and coordinates the control commands of a driver and an onboard controller to ensure that the vehicle trajectory remains within a safe homotopy. This system's performance is demonstrated via off-road teleoperation of a Kawasaki Mule in an open field among obstacles. In these tests, the system safely avoids collisions and maintains vehicle stability even in the presence of "routine" operator error, loss of operator attention, and complete loss of communications.
Automatic image tagging via category label and web data (2010)

Image tagging is an important technique for the image content understanding and text based image processing. Given a selection of images, how to tag these images efficiently and effectively is an interesting problem. In this paper, a novel semi-auto image tagging technique is proposed: By assigning each image a category label first, our method can automatically recommend those promising tags to each image by utilizing existing vast web data. The main contributions of our paper can be highlighted as follows: (i) By assigning each image a category label, our method can automatically recommend other tags to the image, thus reducing the human annotation efforts. Meanwhile, our method guarantee tags' diversity due to abundant web data. (ii) We use sparse coding to automatically select those semantically related images for tag propagation. (iii) Local & global ranking agglomeration will make our method robust to noisy tags. We use Event dataset as the images to be tagged, and crawled Flickr images with their associated tags according to the category label in Event dataset as the auxiliary web data. Experimental results show that our method achieves promising performance for image tagging, which proves the effectiveness of our method.
Extremely short duration high intensity interval training substantially improves insulin action in young healthy males (2009)

The efficacy of a high intensity exercise protocol, involving only ~250 kcal of work each week, to substantially improve insulin action in young sedentary subjects is remarkable. This novel time-efficient training paradigm can be used as a strategy to reduce metabolic risk factors in young and middle aged sedentary populations who otherwise would not adhere to time consuming traditional aerobic exercise regimes.
Weak Turbulence for a Vibrating Plate: Can One Hear a Kolmogorov Spectrum? (2006)

We study the long-time evolution of waves of a thin elastic plate in the limit of small deformation so that modes of oscillations interact weakly. According to the theory of weak turbulence (successfully applied in the past to plasma, optics, and hydrodynamic waves), this nonlinear wave system evolves at long times with a slow transfer of energy from one mode to another. We derive a kinetic equation for the spectral transfer in terms of the second order moment. We show that such a theory describes the approach to an equilibrium wave spectrum and represents also an energy cascade, often called the Kolmogorov-Zakharov spectrum. We perform numerical simulations that confirm this scenario.
Hydrocarbon (HC) Reduction of Exhaust Gases from a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine Using Different Catalytic Mesh-Coatings (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A FeCrAlloy mesh-type catalyst has been used to reduce hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from a 4-stroke HCCI engine. Significant for the HCCI engine is a high compression ratio and lean mixtures, which leads to a high efficiency, low combustion temperatures and thereby low NOx emissions, &lt;5 pmm, but also low exhaust temperatures, around 300°C. It becomes critical to: 1. Ensure that the HCCI-combustion generates as low HC emissions as possible, this can be done by very precise control of engine inlet conditions and, if possible, compression ratio. 2. Ensure that the exhaust temperature is high enough, without loosing efficiency or producing NOx; in order to get an oxidizing catalyst to work. 3. Select proper catalyst material for the catalyst so that the exhaust temperature can be as low as possible. This study focuses on the latter point although the exhaust temperature and exhaust gas composition is varied through different air/fuel ratios and exhaust gas recycling (EGR).</div>
Carbon nanostructures in opposed-flow methane oxy-flames (2003)

Carbon nanostructures formed in the opposed-flow flames of methane- and oxygen-enriched air are studied experimentally using thermophoretic sampling technique and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Reconstructed evolution of soot particles along the burner centerline shows the existence of two characteristic layers. The narrow layer of polydisperse precursor particles is located on the oxidizer side of the stagnation plane. The precursor particles undergo carbonization and agglomeration as they are driven to the stagnation plane forming the layer of mature soot aggregates on the fuel side of the precursor layer. High-resolution TEM imaging performed on precursors and mature soot particles reveals the presence of highly organized carbon nanostructures formed inside the tarlike amorphous condensate by carbonization process. Two characteristic structures are observed. They resemble shapes of carbon onions and carbon nanopolyhedral particles. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) appeared to be present in the collected samples along with other carbon particulates. TEM imaging reveals incidence of isolated MWNTs, MWNT clusters, and clusters of MWNT with soot and nanopolyhedral particles. The nanotube growth by elongation of partially carbonized nanopolyhedral particles is considered as a possible mechanism of noncatalytic MWNT formation.
Improving light extraction of flexible OLEDs using a mechanically robust Ag mesh/ITO composite electrode and microlens array (2018)

In this study, we designed a highly flexible, mechanically robust Ag mesh/ITO composite transparent conducting electrode (TCE) integrated with a microlens array (MLA) to improve the light extraction of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Transient Effect of Inhaled Fluticasone on Airway Mucosal Blood Flow in Subjects with and without Asthma (2000)

Topically applied glucocorticosteroids (GS) have been shown to cause local vasoconstriction in normal skin and this phenomenon is commonly used to assess the potency of topical GS (McKenzie skin blanching test). The purpose of the present study was to determine if an inhaled GS, fluticasone propionate (FP), similarly leads to vasoconstriction in the airway mucosa and if subjects with and without asthma have differential vascular responsiveness to GS. In 10 nonsmokers with stable asthma and 10 nonasthmatic nonsmokers, airway mucosal blood flow (Qaw) expressed per milliliter of anatomical dead space and the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV (1)) were determined before and serially after inhalation of FP (88 to 1,760 microg) or placebo. Baseline mean (+/- SE) Qaw was 55.1 +/- 1.0 and 44.2 +/- 1.1 microl x min(-1) x ml(-1) in subjects with and without asthma, respectively (p < 0.001). The corresponding mean FEV(1) values were 2.34 +/- 0.13 and 3.22 +/- 0.12 L (p < 0.001). FP at 880 microg but not placebo produced a transient decrease in mean Qaw with a nadir at 30 min and return toward baseline at 90 min post-inhalation; the maximum mean decrease was 37% in subjects with asthma and 21% in unaffected subjects (p < 0.01); 880 microg of FP was the lowest effective dose. FEV(1) did not change after FP administration in either group. These results demonstrate a transient vasoconstrictive action of inhaled FP in the airway mucosa, with a greater vascular responsiveness in subjects with asthma than in unaffected subjects. The measurement of Qaw may provide a more relevant means of assessing the potency of inhaled GS than the McKenzie skin blanching test. In addition, our observation suggests that inhaled GS have potentially beneficial effects in asthma that is not related to their antiinflammatory action.
Low density lipoprotein- and high density lipoprotein-mediated signal transduction and exocytosis in alveolar type II cells. (1993)

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) from serum stimulate signal-transduction pathways and exocytosis in rat alveolar type II cells. Both LDL and HDL stimulated primary cultures of type II cells to secrete phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), the major phospholipid component of pulmonary surfactant. The effects on secretion were preceded temporally by stimulation of inositol phospholipid catabolism, calcium mobilization, and translocation of protein kinase C from cytosolic to membrane compartments. Heparin, which blocks the binding of ligands to the LDL receptor, completely inhibited the effects of LDL on signal transduction and PtdCho secretion but did not inhibit the effects of HDL. Unilamellar PtdCho liposomes the size of native LDL had no effect on type II cells; however, PtdCho complexes containing either apolipoproteins E or A-I stimulated both signal transduction and PtdCho secretion. LDL receptors were present in type II cell membranes by immunoblotting. In contrast to findings with hepatic membranes, type II cells exhibited two major bands of 130 kDa and 120 kDa and a minor band at 230 kDa that also was present under reducing conditions. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that the LDL-receptor pathway functions in vivo to deliver cholesterol to type II cells and that this process is coupled to surfactant assembly and secretion via signal-transduction pathway(s). HDL elicits similar responses independent of the LDL receptor, suggesting that type II cells may use the selective uptake pathway to obtain cholesterol or that HDL triggers signal transduction by mechanisms unrelated to lipid delivery.
Expression of <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> - and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Derived Antigens on the Cell Surface of <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> BR11 as Fusions to BspA (1999)

The basic surface protein, BspA, has been used as a fusion partner to direct peptide antigens from the human immunodeficiency virus gp41 protein and the Chlamydia psittaci OmpA protein to the cell surface of Lactobacillus fermentum BR11. BspA has potential utility in the construction of live vaccines and diagnostic reagents.
Voltage Generation from Individual BaTiO<sub>3</sub>Nanowires under Periodic Tensile Mechanical Load (2007)

Direct tensile mechanical loading of an individual single-crystal BaTiO(3) nanowire was realized to reveal the direct piezoelectric effect in the nanowire. Periodic voltage generation from the nanowire was produced by a periodically varying tensile mechanical strain applied with a precision mechanical testing stage. The measured voltage generation from the nanowire was found to be directly proportional to the applied strain rate and was successfully modeled through the consideration of an equivalent circuit for a piezoelectric nanowire under low-frequency operation. The study, besides demonstrating a controlled experimental method for the study of direct piezoelectric effect in nanostructures, implies also the use of such perovskite piezoelectric nanowires for efficient energy-harvesting applications.
IUPAGIUB Combined Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature Abbreviated Nomenclature of Synthetic Polypeptides (Polymerized Amino Acids)1–3 (1968)

c ommission On iochemie Nomenclature Nomenclature of Syut~etic esThe numerous studies on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of synthetic polypeptides have brought with them different ways of describing, in abbreviated form, these products, whose structures are often incompletely known.The the remaining hydrogen atom of the peptide bond, dependin upon their placement (4).L-Amino acids and a-peptide links, read from left (NH2 terminus) to right (COOH terminus), are assumed unless indicated otherwise (3,4).use of a variety of nomenclatures complicates the literature; hence, a consistent and clearly defined system for naming such polypeptides is desirable.The proposals set forth here, which De~n&on.s
Tc9 cells, a new subset of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, support Th2‐mediated airway inflammation (2012)

Similar to T-helper (Th) cells, CD8(+) T cells also differentiate into distinct subpopulations. However, the existence of IL-9-producing CD8(+) T (Tc9) cells has not been elucidated so far. We show that murine CD8(+) T cells activated in the presence of IL-4 plus TGF-β develop into transient IL-9 producers characterized by specific IFN-γ and IL-10 expression patterns as well as by low cytotoxic function along with diminished expression of the CTL-associated transcription factors T-bet and Eomesodermin. Similarly to the CD4(+) counterpart, Tc9 cells required for their differentiation STAT6 and IRF4. Tc9 cells deficient for these master regulators displayed increased levels of Foxp3 that in turn suppressed IL-9 production. In an allergic airway disease model, Tc9 cells promoted the onset of airway inflammation, mediated by subpathogenic numbers of Th2 cells. This support was specific for Tc9 cells because CTLs failed to exert this function. We detected increased Tc9 frequency in the periphery in mice and humans with atopic dermatitis, a Th2-associated skin disease that often precedes asthma. Thus, our data point to the existence of Tc9 cells and to their supportive function in Th2-dependent airway inflammation, suggesting that these cells might be a therapeutic target in allergic disorders.
Logical Design of the Digital Computer for the SAGE System (1957)

Special design features and performance criteria are described for the logical system in the digital computer used in the SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) air defense system. Design details are given for the arithmetic element, high-speed multiply, index registers, input-output control, and magnetic drum buffer. The system is designed according to special military application requirements of speed, capacity, reliability and flexibility.
Long-term stable, high-pulse-energy fourth harmonic generation of Nd:YAG laser with large Li/sub 2/B/sub 4/O/sub 7/ crystals (2002)

Long-term stability of the fourth harmonic generation of Nd:YAG lasers is confirmed by use of the nonlinear crystal, Li/sub 2/B/sub 4/O/sub 7/. Using four Li/sub 2/B/sub 4/O/sub 7/ crystals, 264-mJ, 266-nm pulses are obtained from a 10-Hz Nd:YAG laser with a total conversion efficiency of 31%.
White electroluminescence of lanthanide complexes resulting from exciplex formation (2010)

Bimetallic complexes of the visible-emitting Eu3+, Tb3+ and Sm3+ ions with 2,2′-bipyrimidine (bpm) and acetylacetonate (acac) ligands have been synthesized and crystallographically characterized. They have been found to be isomorphous with the general formula [{Ln(acac)3}2(μ-bpm)] (Ln = Eu, 1; Ln = Tb, 2; Ln = Sm, 3). Their X-ray crystal structure shows that the aromatic polyamine ligand bridges the two metal ions. These volatile complexes have been thermally evaporated to be introduced in multilayer OLEDs as dopants. In addition to the electroluminescence of the lanthanide ion, a broad emission in the yellow-green region was obtained. This resulted in white electroluminescence of the devices doped with 1 or [{Eu(tta)3}2(μ-bpm)] (4) complexes (tta = 2-thenoyltrifluoromethanesulfonato). This broad emission is shown to be caused by the formation of an exciplex between the dopant and the host matrix within the emitting layer of the devices.
Framework for the declarative implementation of native mobile applications (2013)

The development of connected mobile applications for a broad audience is a complex task because of the existing device diversity. In order to soothe this situation, device‐independent approaches are aimed at implementing platform‐independent applications, hiding the differences among the diverse families and models of mobile devices. Most of the existing approaches are based on the imperative definition of applications, which are either compiled to a native application, or executed in a Web browser. The client and server sides of applications are implemented separately, using different mechanisms for data synchronisation. In this study, the authors propose device‐independent mobile application generation (DIMAG), a framework for defining native device‐independent client–server applications based on the declarative specification of application workflow, state and data synchronisation, user interface and data queries. The authors have designed DIMAG considering the dynamic addition of new types of devices, and facilitating the generation of applications for new target platforms. DIMAG has been implemented taking advantage of existing standards.
Consideration of the posterior corneal curvature for assessment of corneal power after myopic LASIK (2004)

After myopic LASIK, refractive corneal power is overestimated by direct keratometric and especially videokeratoscopic measurements. The higher the intended refractive correction, the greater is this error. A separate measurement of both refractive surfaces of the cornea tends to underestimate but may enhance accuracy of the total refractive corneal power if the history of the patient is unknown.
Physically based virtual painting (2004)

Tapping the compelling illusion of physical interaction with paints, brushes, surfaces, color, and light, users express the nuances of their visual and emotional imaginations.
Functional graphene nanomesh foam (2014)

Rationally designed graphene nanomesh assembled foam (GMF) with hierarchical pore arrangement has been successfully fabricated for the first time by a site-localized nanoparticle-induced etching strategy on the basis of hydrothermally self-assembled graphene architecture. The newly developed GMF provides a new material platform for developing high-performance functional devices. Specially, the N- and S-codoped GMF electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activities for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), better than most of the graphene-based ORR catalysts reported previously.
HanaFlex: a large solar array for space applications (2015)

HanaFlex is a new method for deployment from a compact folded form to a large array derived from the origami flasher folding pattern. One of the unique features of this model is that the height constraints of the stowed array do not limit the deployed diameter. Additional rings can be added to increase the deployed diameter while only minimally increasing the stowed diameter. Larger solar arrays may enable longer missions in space, manned missions to distant destinations, or clean energy sources for Earth. The novel folding design of the HanaFlex array introduces many new possibilities for space exploration. This paper demonstrates the performance of the HanaFlex array in four areas: deployed stiffness, deployed strength, stowed volume specific power, and mass specific power.
Capillary electrophoresis analysis of glucooligosaccharide regioisomers (2004)

Complex gluco-oligosaccharide mixtures of two regioisomer series were successfully separated by CE. The gluco-oligosaccharide series were synthesized, employing a dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F, by successive glucopyranosyl transfers from sucrose to the acceptor glucose or maltose. The glucosyl transfer to both acceptors, occurring through the formation of alpha1-->6 linkages, differed for the two series only in the glucosidic bond to the reducing end namely alpha1-->6 or alpha1-->4 bond for glucose or maltose acceptor, respectively. Thus, the combination of the two series results in mixed pairs of gluco-oligosaccharide regioisomers with different degrees of polymerization (DP). These regioisomer series were first derivatized by reductive amination with 9-aminopyrene-1,4,6-trisulfonate (APTS). Under acidic conditions using triethyl ammonium acetate as electrolyte, the APTS-gluco-oligosaccharides of each series were separated enabling unambiguous size determination by coupling CE to electrospray-mass spectrometry. However, neither these acidic conditions nor alkaline buffer systems could be adapted for the separation of the gluco-oligosaccharide regioisomers arising from the two combined series. By contrast, increased resolution was observed in an alkaline borate buffer, using differential complexation of the regioisomers with the borate anions. Such conditions were also successfully applied to the separation of glucodisaccharide regioisomers composed of alpha1-->2, alpha1-->3, alpha1-->4, and alpha1-->6 linkages commonly synthesized by glucansucrase enzymes.
Physiological aspects of high-altitude pulmonary edema (2005)

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) develops in rapidly ascending nonacclimatized healthy individuals at altitudes above 3,000 m. An excessive rise in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) preceding edema formation is the crucial pathophysiological factor because drugs that lower PAP prevent HAPE. Measurements of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air, of nitrites and nitrates in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and forearm NO-dependent endothelial function all point to a reduced NO availability in hypoxia as a major cause of the excessive hypoxic PAP rise in HAPE-susceptible individuals. Studies using right heart catheterization or BAL in incipient HAPE have demonstrated that edema is caused by an increased microvascular hydrostatic pressure in the presence of normal left atrial pressure, resulting in leakage of large-molecular-weight proteins and erythrocytes across the alveolarcapillary barrier in the absence of any evidence of inflammation. These studies confirm in humans that high capillary pressure induces a high-permeability-type lung edema in the absence of inflammation, a concept first introduced under the term "stress failure." Recent studies using microspheres in swine and magnetic resonance imaging in humans strongly support the concept and primacy of nonuniform hypoxic arteriolar vasoconstriction to explain how hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction occurring predominantly at the arteriolar level can cause leakage. This compelling but as yet unproven mechanism predicts that edema occurs in areas of high blood flow due to lesser vasoconstriction. The combination of high flow at higher pressure results in pressures, which exceed the structural and dynamic capacity of the alveolar capillary barrier to maintain normal alveolar fluid balance.
An analytical expression for Fermi level versus sheet carrier concentration for HEMT modeling (1988)

A simple second-order analytical expression of Fermi-level variation with two-dimensional electron gas density in a high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) has been developed. This empirical expression was found to give better results near cutoff and in saturation than the linear approximation currently being used in many models. It can be used in the development of a more accurate charge control model and hence in the development of an improved analytical model for the HEMT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>