gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The energy-dispersive reflectometer/diffractometer at BESSY-I (1999)

We describe the set-up of an energy-dispersive reflectometer installed at the 6 T wavelength shifter (WLS) of the storage ring BESSY-I. It can be used for reflectometry and in-plane diffraction studies of thin films under ambient conditions. Due to the exponential decay of the incident spectrum, the whole useful energy range between keV is not available simultaneously. Absorbing the highly-intensive low-energy part of the spectrum, the specular reflectivity can be recorded up to using maximum angles of incidence and exit of . Up to the intensity is high enough to detect small angle Bragg peaks of a fatty acid salt multilayer separated by , (d is the multilayer period) in about 15 s with sufficient counting statistics. After normalization by the incident spectrum the energy-dispersive reflectivity spectrum provides information similar to that from an angular-dispersive experiment, but in a much shorter time. Besides the specular reflectivity, our set-up provides the possibility of simultaneous measurement of the in-plane momentum transfer (grazing incidence diffraction). For in-plane lattice parameter measurements a second detector is attached on a circle perpendicular to the plane of incidence. As in the angular-dispersive set-up, it enables investigation of the in-plane arrangement of a fatty acid salt multilayer in about 15 s. Keeping the in-plane Bragg angle fixed, the respective in-plane Bragg peaks appear for different energies and can be selected by changing .
Assessment of New Zealand's Environmental Planning Model (2005)

New Zealand is seen as a leading country in environmental planning. Until recently, most studies have hesitated to draw conclusions on whether this reputation is justified. This article presents the key messages of a juridical assessment of New Zealand's Environmental Planning Model which has been published in Germany. It argues that although the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA 1991) provides new opportunities for green planning, many legal and practical impediments still exist.
Global Public Key Algorithm for secure location service in VANET (2009)

In this paper, we present a novel security solution known as Global Public Key Algorithm based on bilinear pairing cryptography concept, for location service in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). Indeed, many geographic routing protocols used in VANET need location service for obtaining destination position. The location service makes way for major security concern in VANETs. We design an efficient security solution to digitally sign and encrypt all the location service packets including network layer packets without affecting the basic operation of location service. The public key is called global as every vehicle possesses the same public key. Hence, there is no overhead of digital certificates and certificate path verification. Also, we achieve reduced signature size without compromising on authenticity of the message.
Lepidepyrone, a New γ‐Pyrone Derivative, from Neolentinus lepideus, Inhibits Hyaluronidase. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Eyes Test as a Measure of Individual Differences: How much of the Variance Reflects Verbal IQ? (2012)

Developed by Baron-Cohen et al. (1997, 2001), the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test requires individuals to determine mental states from photos of pairs of eyes. Used in over 250 studies, it has been conceptualized as an advanced theory of mind test that is relatively free of general cognitive abilities. Given the sensitivity of the instrument, many studies with healthy adult samples have used this instrument as a measure of individual differences in social-perceptual processes that contribute to theory of mind and overall phenotype. We administered the two-subtest Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, a face-processing task (Cambridge Face Memory Test), and the Eyes Test to 42 college students. Surprisingly, verbal IQ contributed significantly to the variance in Eyes Test performance while the face perception measure did not. These findings have both practical and theoretical ramifications for interpreting Eyes Test results in normative adult samples.
IR spectra and IR spectral maps of individual normal and cancerous cells (2002)

The IR microspectra for individual normal and cancerous cells are reported at a spatial resolution that permits a distinction between the nuclear and cytoplasmic regions. The observed spectra reveal large differences in the spectral contributions of RNA, DNA, and phospholipids: metabolically inactive cells show spectral patterns of proteins only, whereas actively dividing cells also show spectral signatures of nucleic acids and phospholipids. These spectral variations are independent of the state of health of a cell.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate modulation of basal permeability and acute inflammatory responses in rat venular microvessels (2010)

Our results conform to the hypothesis that S1P inhibits acute permeability increase in association with enhanced stabilization of peripheral endothelial adhesion proteins. These results support the idea that S1P can be useful to attenuate inflammation by enhancing endothelial adhesion through activation of Rac-dependent pathways.
The Fundamental Study for Development and Planning of Korean Style Continuing Care Retirement Communities - With Focused on Case Study in Korea - (2014)

This study aims to develop the Korean types of continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs). CCRC is well evaluated as a residence that applies aging-in place concept, which is ideal for senior housing. Recently, in USA the CCRCs in which the increasing seniors' population and older households are guaranteed to get continuous protection without moving regardless of their deteriorating health are increasing. In Korea, CCRCs have emerged but not well developed in status quo. We conducted case study using three facilities located at Seoul and its suburbs in Korea to compare five categories such as application of 'aging in place' concept, location, architectural features, services or programs, and management. This study is expected to be used basic materials for CCRCs' complex and architectural planning, management strategies, and services or programs.
In vitro digestion and lactase treatment influence uptake of quercetin and quercetin glucoside by the Caco-2 cell monolayer (2005)

The increase in quercetin uptake following treatment with lactase suggests that dietary supplementation with lactase may increase quercetin bioavailability in lactose intolerant humans. Combining the digestion, the lactase treatment and the Caco-2 cell culture model may provide a reliable in vitro model for examining flavonoid glucoside bioavailability from foods.
Experimental Study of Bubble Dynamics on a Micro Heater Induced by Pulse Heating (2004)

An experimental investigation of the rapid formation and collapse of bubbles formed on a micro heater (25×80 μm2) is presented. Short electric pulses in the range of 1 μs to 4 μs are applied to the resistive heater, which is immersed in deionized water and generates a heat flux of more than 750 MW/m2. A stroboscopic technique with a time resolution of 30 ns and spatial resolution of 2 μm was used to capture the dynamics of the bubble growth and collapse. From the nucleation theory, the nucleation temperatures are close to the kinetic limit of superheat and weakly depends on the heating rate. The velocity, acceleration, and the pressure profiles after the vapor sheet formation are presented.
Hydrogen/Deuterium Scrambling during Quadrupole Time-of-Flight MS/MS Analysis of a Zinc-Binding Protein Domain (2006)

It remains an open question as to whether experiments involving collision-induced dissociation (CID) can provide a viable approach for monitoring spatially resolved deuteration levels in electrosprayed polypeptide ions. A number of laboratories reported the successful application of CID following solution-phase H/D exchange (HDX), whereas others found that H/D scrambling precluded site-specific measurements. The aim of the current work is to help clarify the general feasibility of HDX-CID methods, using a 22-residue zinc-bound protein domain (Zn-ZBD) as model system. Metal binding in Zn-ZBD should confer structural rigidity, and the presence of several basic residues should sequester mobile charge carriers in the gas phase. Both of these factors were expected to suppress the extent of scrambling. HDX was carried out by employing rapid on-line mixing, thereby mimicking conditions typically encountered in kinetic pulse-labeling studies. Quadrupole time-of-flight MS/MS of pulse-labeled Zn-ZBD provides high sequence coverage. However, the measured fragment deuteration levels do not correlate with the known H-bonding pattern of Zn-ZBD, suggesting the occurrence of extensive scrambling. Instead of showing a uniform distribution, the fragment ions reveal a distinct nonrandom pattern of deuteration levels. In the absence of prior information, these data could erroneously be ascribed to the presence of protected sites. However, the observed patterns clearly originate from other factors; possibly they are caused by modulations of the amide CID efficiency by kinetic isotope effects. It is concluded that scrambling does not represent the only conceptual problem in HDX-CID studies and that control experiments on uniformly labeled samples are essential for ruling out interpretation artifacts.
Ultra high aspect-ratio MEMS and NEMS on basis of fibrous composite technology (2008)

Indisputably, microelectronics is the mother of the MEMS/NEMS technologies. Unfortunately, the majority of developed MEMS and NEMS devices inherited from microelectronics technologies not only of merit but also deficiencies one of which is their planarity. Recently developed devices on the flexible base and also devices with the moving elements on the hinges, in principle, remain geometrically flat. With this micro- and nano-mechanisms (motors, actuators, sensors, etc.) they are not divided with the base (from silicon or another material) large part of which (volume and mass) functionally is not used and has usual of macro sizes (dimensions of a chip). As a result, these ultra modern planar technologies are helpless with the creation of powerful autonomous 3D-devices with the overall sizes ∼(1–10) mm3. The author makes the attempt to estimate the prospects for development and fabrication of topology complex 3D MEMS/NEMS, for example, flaying microrobot and elastic micro motor on the basis of fibrous composites—ultra high aspect-ratio glass structures with predetermined 3D micro- and nano-topologies and embedded wires.
Preliminary investigation into factors affecting controlled struvite crystallization at the bench scale (2004)

A preliminary investigation of factors affecting controlled struvite crystallization was conducted in bench-scale studies using a new crystallization reactor design, operating under a range of reactor and feed strength conditions. In 21 different experiments, it was found that the bench-scale reactor functioned well in terms of achieving good particle classification, although its performance was somewhat restricted in terms of P removal. Reactor operation was generally somewhat compromised because of scale effects. As a preliminary to further (ongoing) pilot-scale investigations, it was found that, for a given set of operating and feed strength conditions, there was a specific value of pH (pH lim ) beyond which the reactor would not operate effectively. The pH value is an important operating parameter in struvite crystallization, and the mode of pH operation plays a major role in determining struvite crystal quality. When operated at pH values exceeding pH lim , poor quality (i.e., dendritic) crystals were produced and reactor plugging often occurred. A qualitative assessment of temperature effects on crystallization reactions suggested that low temperatures may indeed favour struvite crystal growth. Reactor seeding was not found to be a factor of any particular importance since, once struvite crystallization reactions were underway, the reactor appeared to be "self-seeding". Key words: Crystallization, phosphorus removal, struvite, environmental sustainability, bench-scale studies, phosphorus recovery.
Effect of Inductive Coil Shape on Sensing Performance of Linear Displacement Sensor Using Thin Inductive Coil and Pattern Guide (2011)

This paper discusses the effect of inductive coil shape on the sensing performance of a linear displacement sensor. The linear displacement sensor consists of a thin type inductive coil with a thin pattern guide, thus being suitable for tiny space applications. The position can be detected by measuring the inductance of the inductive coil. At each position due to the change in inductive coil area facing the pattern guide the value of inductance is different. Therefore, the objective of this research is to study various inductive coil pattern shapes and to propose the pattern that can achieve good sensing performance. Various shapes of meander, triangular type meander, square and circle shape with different turn number of inductive coils are examined in this study. The inductance is measured with the sensor sensitivity and linearity as a performance evaluation parameter of the sensor. In conclusion, each inductive coil shape has its own advantages and disadvantages. For instance, the circle shape inductive coil produces high sensitivity with a low linearity response. Meanwhile, the square shape inductive coil has a medium sensitivity with higher linearity.
Estimation of &OV0312;O2max from a one-mile track walk, gender, age, and body weight (1987)

The purpose of this investigation was to explore an alternative field test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) using a one-mile walk test. VO2max was determined in 343 healthy adult (males = 165, females = 178) subjects 30 to 69 yr using a treadmill protocol (mean +/- SD: VO2max = 37.0 +/- 10.7 ml X kg-1 X min-1). Each subject performed a minimum of two, one-mile track walks as fast as possible. The two fastest walks (T1, T2) with elapsed times within 30 s were used for subsequent analyses. Heart rates were monitored continuously and recorded every one-quarter mile. Multiple regression analysis (best sub-sets) to estimate VO2max (l X min-1) yielded the following predictor variables: track walk-1 time (T1); fourth quarter heart rate for track walk-1 (HR 1-4); age (yr); weight (lb); and sex (1 = male, 0 = female). The best equation (N = 174) was: VO2max = 6.9652 + (0.0091*WT) - (0.0257*AGE) + (0.5955*SEX) - (0.2240*T1) - (0.0115*HR1-4); r = 0.93, SEE = 0.325 l X min-1. Comparing observed and estimated VO2max values in a cross-validation group (N = 169) resulted in r = 0.92, SEE = 0.355 l X min-1. Generalized and sex-specific equations to estimate VO2max (ml X kg-1 X min-1) were also generated. The accuracy of estimation as expressed by SEE was similar among the equations. The results indicate that this one-mile walk test protocol provides a valid sub-maximum assessment for VO2max estimation.
Exome sequencing and complex disease: practical aspects of rare variant association studies (2012)

Genetic association and linkage studies can provide insights into complex disease biology, guiding the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Over the past decade, genetic association studies have largely focused on common, easy to measure genetic variants shared between many individuals. These common variants typically have subtle functional consequence and translating the resulting association signals into biological insights can be challenging. In the last few years, exome sequencing has emerged as a cost-effective strategy for extending these studies to include rare coding variants, which often have more marked functional consequences. Here, we provide practical guidance in the design and analysis of complex trait association studies focused on rare, coding variants.
Qrd-Based Optimal Filtering For Acoustic Noise Reduction (2002)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Toulouse, France, 2002
Real-Time EEG-Based Human Emotion Recognition and Visualization (2010)

Emotions accompany everyone in the daily life, playing a key role in non-verbal communication, and they are essential to the understanding of human behavior. Emotion recognition could be done from the text, speech, facial expression or gesture. In this paper, we concentrate on recognition of “inner” emotions from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals as humans could control their facial expressions or vocal intonation. The need and importance of the automatic emotion recognition from EEG signals has grown with increasing role of brain computer interface applications and development of new forms of human-centric and human-driven interaction with digital media. We propose fractal dimension based algorithm of quantification of basic emotions and describe its implementation as a feedback in 3D virtual environments. The user emotions are recognized and visualized in real time on his/her avatar adding one more so-called “emotion dimension” to human computer interfaces.
Development of self-assembled 3-D integration technology and study of microbump and TSV induced stress in thinned chip/wafer (2010)

We have proposed and demonstrated the self-assembly technology that uses liquid surface tension to create a 3-D super-chip. Lots of chips can be simultaneously, precisely, and quickly aligned onto wafers with the self-assembly. We also studied the mechanical stress remained in the thinned Si chip/wafer using 2D micro-Raman spectroscopy. The measurement results pointed out that both metal micorbumps and TSVs induced the compressive and tensile stress in the thinned Si, and they might cause serious problems to 3-D LSIs. It is strongly required to remove the remaining stress in the thinnd Si chip/wafer.
US display industry on the edge (1995)

When an entire system can be built on the periphery of a flat-panel display, a nation's ability to manufacture those displays becomes vital to the survival of its industries. The author discusses the state of the market for this technology and emphasises the US's position in relation to the rest of the world, in particular, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Europe. The problems facing the flat panel display industry in the US are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hydrogenolysis and Hydrocracking of the Carbon-Oxygen Bond. 4. Thermal and Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of 4-Propylguaiacol (1984)

Article Hydrogenolysis and Hydrocracking of the Carbon-Oxygen Bond. 4. Thermal and Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of 4-Propylguaiacol was published on January 1, 1984 in the journal Holzforschung (volume 38, issue 3).
Pd-Catalyzed Regie- and Stereo-selective Carboxylation of Cycloalkanes with CO (1991)

Abstract The reactions of cycloalkanes with CO via the C–H bond activation by Pd(OAc)2 catalyst have been found to proceed regio- and stereo-selectively to give corresponding carboxylic acids. The reactivity of C–H bonds of cycloalkanes decreases in the order: tert- &gt; sec- &gt; prim-carbon, and the stereochemistry of the substituents on the main products is all equatorial.
Nanoparticulate delivery of suicide DNA to murine prostate and prostate tumors (2007)

These results suggest that local delivery of poly(beta-amino ester) polymer/ DT-A nanoparticles may have application in the treatment of BPH and prostate cancer.
Discovery of Mdm2-MdmX E3 Ligase Inhibitors Using a Cell-Based Ubiquitination Assay (2011)

E3 ubiquitin ligases are of interest as drug targets for their ability to regulate protein stability and function. The oncogene Mdm2 is an attractive E3 ligase to target, as it is the key negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53, which controls the transcription of genes involved in cell fate. Overexpression of Mdm2 facilitates tumorigenesis by inactivating p53, and through p53-independent oncogenic effects. We developed a high-throughput cellular Mdm2 auto-ubiquitination assay, which we used to discover a class of small-molecule Mdm2 ligase activity inhibitors. These compounds inhibit Mdm2 and p53 ubiquitination in cells, reduce viability of cells with wild-type p53, and synergize with DNA-damaging agents to cause cell death. We determined that these compounds effectively inhibit the E3 ligase activity of the Mdm2-MdmX hetero-complex. This mechanism may be exploitable to create a new class of anti-tumor agents.
Laser-based ambient mass spectrometry (2017)

This study summarized laser-based ambient mass spectrometric (AMS) techniques with regard to their fundamentals, ionization mechanisms, and recent applications.
Real-time volume estimation of a dragline payload (2011)

This paper presents a method for measuring the in-bucket payload volume on a dragline excavator for the purpose of estimating the material's bulk density in real-time. Knowledge of the payload's bulk density can provide feedback to mine planning and scheduling to improve blasting and therefore provide a more uniform bulk density across the excavation site. This allows a single optimal bucket size to be used for maximum overburden removal per dig and in turn reduce costs and emissions in dragline operation and maintenance. The proposed solution uses a range bearing laser to locate and scan full buckets between the lift and dump stages of the dragline cycle. The bucket is segmented from the scene using cluster analysis, and the pose of the bucket is calculated using the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. Payload points are identified using a known model and subsequently converted into a height grid for volume estimation. Results from both scaled and full scale implementations show that this method can achieve an accuracy of above 95%.
Enhanced wet tensile paper properties via dielectric-barrier discharge (2004)

Abstract Dielectric-barrier discharge treatment was used to modify fully bleached softwood kraft and unbleached softwood thermomechanical pulp handsheets. The effect of dielectric-barrier discharge treatment on the physical strength properties and dimensional stability of handsheets were analyzed. Increased dielectric-barrier discharge treatment power resulted in significant increases in the wet tensile index of handsheets. Increases in the surface acid content of pulp fibers do not appear to contribute to changes in paper properties, nor do changes to relative bonded area within handsheets. Enhanced wet strength via dielectric-barrier discharge treatment corresponds to increased dimensional stability. This appears to be due to fiber cross-linking in the case of bleached kraft pulp, since the wet-strain decreases as wet tensile and wet Young's modulus increase. In the case of unbleached thermomechanical pulp, the wet-strain shows no decrease, yet the wet Young's modulus increases as the wet tensile index increases.