gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Properties of Single Crystal Electrodes I. The corrosion of single crystals of iron as it is influenced by contact with tin (1955)

Abstract Die verschiedenen Netzebenen des Eisengitters verhalten sich wie verschiedene Metalle. Aus der Aufrauhungsgeschwindigkeit der einzelnen Flächenelemente einer elektrolytisch polierten einkristallinen Eisenkugel in acht verschiedenen organischen und anorganischen Säuren ergab sich, daß die höher indizierten, mit (111) kleine Winkel einschließenden Ebenen am schnellsten geätzt wurden, (100) am langsamsten. In luftfreier 0,2 m Zitronensäure korrodierte bei 20°C bzw. beim Siedepunkt (321) 2, 6‐ bzw. 1, 8mal schneller als (100). Die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit war für (321) auch dann größer als für (100), wenn beide in Kontakt mit polykristallinem Zinn gebracht wurden. Das Verhältnis zwischen Gewichtsverlust des Zinns zu Gewichtsverlust des Einkristalls war für das Paar Fe (100)‐Sn größer als für das Paar Fe (321)‐Sn. Das häufigere Auftreten von Lochfraß auf (100) zeigte, daß diese Ebene mehr zu Lokalelementtätigkeit neigte als (321).
ROBOSIM: a CAD-based off-line programming and analysis system for robotic manipulators (1990)

In order for a robotic manipulator to perform useful work, it must be programmed to accomplish the desired task or motion cycle. There are many methods available for interfacing the human user with the industrial robot This article concentrates on the off-line programming, analysis and interactive computer simulation of a general five-axis revolute robotic manipulator. An off-line programming system, called ROBOSIM (ROBOtic SIMulation), was developed for this task. The software that was produced included three-dimensional wire-frame graphics demonstrated on a commercially available CAD package. The off-line system solves the inverse kinematics at each point in the trajectory plan and determines the actual path of the end effector, using either joint-interpolated motion and/or straight-line motion. Velocity calculations and singularity checks are performed using the pseudo–inverse Jacobian matrix. A language translation module was also written for automatic code generation for the five-axis Microbot TeachMover. The developed off-line program has the ability to simulate any general five-axis robot of similar design and allows for easy updates to the system modules.
Obesity and restless legs syndrome in men and women (2009)

Both overall and abdominal adiposity are associated with increased likelihoods of having restless legs syndrome (RLS). Further prospective studies are warranted to clarify causative association between obesity and risk of developing RLS.
Sonic Hedgehog, Apoptosis, and the Penis (2009)

There is substantial potential to develop SHH for delivery to the penis of prostatectomy patients at the time of surgery in order to prevent apoptosis induction and long-term ED development. Studies are in progress that will identify if SHH may be used as a regenerative therapy to speed CN regeneration.
Are US Populations Appropriate for Trials of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine? (2001)

Questions exist about whether testing of preventive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 vaccines, which will require rapid recruitment and retention of cohorts with high HIV-1 seroincidence, is feasible in the United States. A prospective cohort study was conducted in 1995-1997 among 4,892 persons at high risk for HIV infection in nine US cities. At 18 months, with an 88% retention rate, 90 incident HIV-1 infections were observed (1.31/100 person-years (PY), 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.61). HIV-1 seroincidence rates varied significantly by baseline eligibility criteria--1.55/100 PY among men who had sex with men, 0.38/100 PY among male intravenous drug users, 1.24/100 PY among female intravenous drug users, and 1.13/100 PY among women at heterosexual risk-and by enrollment site, from 0.48/100 PY to 2.18/100 PY. HIV-1 incidence was highest among those men who had sex with men who reported unprotected anal intercourse (2.01/100 PY, 95% CI: 1.54, 2.63), participants who were definitely willing to enroll in an HIV vaccine trial (1.96/100 PY, 95% CI: 1.41, 2.73), and women who used crack cocaine (1.62/100 PY, 95% CI: 0.92, 2.85). Therefore, cohorts with HIV-1 seroincidence rates appropriate for HIV-1 vaccine trials can be recruited, enrolled, and retained.
Structural and mechanistic classification of uronic acid-containing polysaccharide lyases (2010)

Polysaccharide lyases (PLs) have been assigned to 21 families based on their sequences, with ~ 50 singletons awaiting further classification. For 19 of these families, the structure of at least one protein is known. In this review, we have analyzed the available structural information and show that presently known PL families belong to six general folds. Only two general catalytic mechanisms have been observed among these PLs: (1) metal-assisted neutralization of the acidic group of the sugar next to the cleaved bond, with, rather unusually, arginine or lysine playing the role of Brønsted base and (2) neutralization of the acidic group on the sugar by a close approach of an amino or acidic group forcing its protonation and Tyr or Tyr-His acting as the Brønsted base and acid.
Platelet kinetic studies in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia: effects of clofibrate therapy. (1979)

Studies of platelet and fibrinogen kinetics in 27 patients with hyperlipoproteinemia and 28 control subjects demonstrated shortened platelet survival and increased platelet turnover in seven patients with type III and 10 patients with type IV-V hyperlipoproteinemia (p less than 0.01). There was no correlation between platelet survival time and specific lipid levels, vascular disease, sex or age. Platelet kinetics were not significantly altered from control values in eight patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Platelet aggregation studies and fibrinogen kinetic measurements did not differ in any of the hyperlipoproteinemic groups of patients from those in control subjects. Despite significant changes in plasma lipids induced by clofibrate, platelet survival was significantly extended only in patients with type IV-V hyperlipoproteinemia (p less than 0.05). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that atherogenesis in patients with types III--V hyperlipoproteinemia may be associated with a process of endothelial desquamation, and type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia may involve nondesquamating endothelial injury.
Recent developments in hard magnetic bulk materials (2004)

The importance of newly developed permanent magnetic materials in many electromechanical, magnetomechanical and electronic applications is attributed to the drastic improvement in microstructure related properties, such as the remanence, the magnetic energy density product and the coercive field. The influence of the microstructure on the magnetic properties of the magnets will be discussed, where special emphasis is laid on rare earth permanent magnets. Highest performance, anisotropic Nd–Fe–B magnets with Jr>1.5 T, (BH)max>450 kJ m−3 and JHc> 750 kA m−1, which are produced by the powder metallurgy route, show a strong influence of composition and processing parameters on the magnetic properties. The magnetic properties of Sm(Co,Cu,Fe,Zr)z sintered magnets, which are used nowadays for high temperature applications between 300 and 500 °C, are determined by the cellular precipitation microstructure, which is developed during a complex heat treatment and by the microchemistry. Special hard magnetic powder materials, such as Sm2Fe17N3 and nanocrystalline, composite Nd2Fe14B /(α-Fe,Fe3B) materials have been developed especially for usage in bonded magnetic materials, which show the strongest annual increase in the production of permanent magnets. The phenomenon of the enhancement of remanence, occurring in single phase and composite Nd2Fe14B based magnets with isotropic grain alignment, is attributed to intergrain exchange interactions.
Comentario a la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 22 de octubre de 1996 sobre la obligación de guarda y custodia en los aparcamientos de vehículos (1997)

Tras haber abonado al propietario de un vehiculo, y titular de la poliza, el importe de la indemnizacion por el robo del automovil, acaecido en el aparcamiento del aeropuerto de El Prat de Llobregat, la aseguradora -la Mutua General de Segurosdemando a la empresa gestora del aparcamiento por la cantidad de la indemnizacion en base a la accion de reembolso del articulo 43 de la Ley del Contrato de Seguro. La demanda fue estimada en primera instancia. Ante esta resolucion se interpuso recurso de apelacion, que fue acogido por la Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona, revocando asi la sentencia del Juzgado por considerar que el titular del aparcamiento no era responsable del evento danoso. Finalmente, el Tribunal Supremo admite el recurso de la aseguradora, casa la sentencia impugnada y se declara en conformidad con la sentencia de primera instancia.
Deactivation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate/Akt signaling mediates neutrophil spontaneous death (2006)

Neutrophil spontaneous death plays essential roles in neutrophil homeostasis and resolution of inflammation, whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms are still ill-defined. Neutrophils die because of programmed cell death or apoptosis. However, treatment with inhibitor of caspases, which are responsible for the majority of apoptotic cell deaths, does not prevent the spontaneous death of neutrophils. PKB/Akt possesses prosurvival and antiapoptotic activities in a variety of cells. In this study, we show that Akt activity decreases dramatically during the course of neutrophil death. Both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt inhibitors enhance neutrophil death. Conditions delaying neutrophil death, such as treatment with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, or IFN-gamma, restore Akt activity. Finally, we demonstrate that neutrophils depleted of PTEN, a phosphatidylinositol 3'-phosphatase that negatively regulates Akt activity, live much longer than WT neutrophils. Thus, we establish Akt deactivation as a causal mediator of neutrophil spontaneous death.
The Changing Value of Education (2007)

Why has the economic value of education stopped rising over the past ten years? The most likely explanation seems to be that the booming economy of the late 1990s helped to increase the average earnings of all workers, including those at the low end of the skills distribution.
Regulation of the Biosynthesis of Amino Acids of the Aspartate Family in Coliform Bacteria and Pseudomonads (1969)

The control of aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase activities was compared in aerobic and fermentative pseudomonads (genera Pseudomonas and Aeromonas), and in coliform bacteria representative of the principal genera of the Enterobacteriaceae. Isofunctional aspartokinases subject to independent end-product control occur in the Enterobacteriaceae and in Aeromonas. In Pseudomonas, there appears to be a single aspartokinase, subject to concerted feedback inhibition by lysine and threonine. Within this genus, the sensitivity of aspartokinase to the single allosteric inhibitors varies considerably: the aspartokinase of the acidovorans group is little affected by the single inhibitors, whereas that of the fluorescent group is severely inhibited by either amino acid at high concentration. In all bacteria examined, homoserine dehydrogenase activity is inhibited by threonine; inhibition is more severe in aerobic pseudomonads than in the other groups. In most of the bacteria examined, either nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate can serve as a cofactor for this enzyme, though the relative activity with the two pyridine nucleotides varies widely. Aerobic pseudomonads of the acidovorans group contain a homoserine dehydrogenase that is absolutely specific for NAD. The taxonomic implications of these findings are discussed.
What value do explicit high level concepts have in vision to language problems? (2015)

Much of the recent progress in Vision-to-Language (V2L) problems has been achieved through a combination of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). This approach does not explicitly represent high-level semantic concepts, but rather seeks to progress directly from image features to text. We propose here a method of incorporating high-level concepts into the very successful CNN-RNN approach, and show that it achieves a significant improvement on the state-of-the-art performance in both image captioning and visual question answering. We also show that the same mechanism can be used to introduce external semantic information and that doing so further improves performance. In doing so we provide an analysis of the value of high level semantic information in V2L problems.
Functional expression and regulation of the hyperpolarization activated non‐selective cation current in embryonic stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (2000)

1. The biophysical and pharmacological characteristics of the hyperpolarization activated non- selective cation current (If) were recorded using whole-cell voltage clamp in embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived cardiomyocytes at different stages of development. 2. The cation current was detected in a large percentage (65 %) of early stage (EDS, differentiated for 7 + 3-4 days) cells at a current density of 11.4 +/- 0.6 pA pF-1 (n = 47). In late stage (LDS, differentiated for 7 + 9-12 days) cells the percentage of cells expressing If decreased (45 %), but If densities (15.5 +/- 0.9 pA pF-1, n = 20) were increased. 3. The muscarinic agonist carbachol (CCh, 1 microM) depressed basal If in EDS cells by 45.7 +/- 6.5 %, n = 5) and was without effect in LDS cardiomyocytes (n = 4). The beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline (ISO, 1 microM) stimulated If in LDS cells by 33 +/- 5.2 % (n = 6) but not in EDS cells (n = 5). 4. Cell infusion with the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA, 7 microM) stimulated If in EDS cells by 37.0 +/- 2.9 %, (n = 4), but subsequent superfusion of 8-bromo-cAMP (200 microM) was without effect. Intracellular perfusion of LDS cardiomyocytes with the highly selective peptide inhibitor of PKA (PKI, 20 microM) completely inhibited the stimulation of the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) as well as of If by ISO (1 microM). 5. Extracellular superfusion with phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors - IBMX, a non-selective antagonist, Erythro-9-(2-hydoxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA), a PDE2 antagonist and rolipram, a PDE4 antagonist - resulted in stimulation of ICa,L and If in EDS cells. By contrast, milrinone and cilostamide, two PDE3 antagonists, stimulated ICa,L, but not If. 6. The present work demonstrates that If is functionally expressed during early cardiomyogenesis. Similar to ICa,L, If is regulated during embryonic development by phosphorylation via PKA. In contrast to ICa,L, If is not regulated by PDE3 suggesting different localization of these ion channels with respect to PDE3.
A photonic crystal joint (PCJ) for metal waveguides (2002)

A novel method to eliminate currents in joints or interfaces in enclosed metal microwave structures is presented. By introducing a two-dimensional photonic crystal structure in the joint the conductor losses can be reduced to near that of a jointless structure. Experimental measurements at X-band of waveguide conductor loss using various joint geometries are presented, showing a drastic reduction in loss using the photonic crystal joint (PCJ). Various applications of the PCJ will be discussed, including H-plane waveguide joints, waveguide flanges and resonant cavities.
Hybrid active and passive localization for small targets (2010)

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is an emerging technology for short-range wireless communications. Due to the high bandwidth of UWB signals, accurate ranging is possible, which is one of many reasons why UWB is a candidate physical layer for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Reliable position information, obtained with a reasonable complexity overhead and possibly low energy consumption, is often paramount for a successful operation of these networks. The paper concerns a novel approach for improving the trade-off between energy consumption and performance in a localization tracking process. The scenario of application is common: a set of fixed beacons is used for tracking the position of a target that is moving in a limited indoor environment. The principle behind the proposed approach is relatively simple: tracking a small target device is realized by mixing active signal transmissions, which allow using standard techniques for deriving distances and locations, as well as passive signal receptions, which exploit scattering caused by small targets during signal propagation. The entire tracking process exploits the combination of these two types of transmissions with the advantage of possibly saving energy in the target device. The algorithm performance is highlighted by computer simulations using channel models adopted by the IEEE 802.15.4a working group.
Local strain measurement in a strain-engineered complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device by geometrical phase analysis in the transmission electron microscope (2008)

Local strains in the channel and source/drain (S/D) of an advanced complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device were measured by the geometric phase analysis applied to high resolution transmission electron microscope images. Two-dimensional strain maps were reconstructed for a 45nm p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor device which was strain-engineered using a recessed Si0.82Ge0.18 S/D. Lateral strains were uniform across the channel but vertical strains were found to vary considerably in the channel. Measured strains were used to estimate stresses and hole mobility enhancements.
Crowdsourcing the construction of a 3D object recognition database for robotic grasping (2014)

Object recognition and manipulation are critical in enabling robots to interact with objects in a household environment. Construction of 3D object recognition databases is time and resource intensive, often requiring specialized equipment, and is therefore difficult to apply to robots in the field. We present a system for constructing object models for 3D object recognition and manipulation made possible by advances in web robotics. The database consists of point clouds generated using a novel iterative point cloud registration algorithm, which includes the potential to encode manipulation data and usability characteristics. We validate the system with a crowdsourcing user study and object recognition system designed to work with our object recognition database.
Real-world safety and supportive care use of second-line 5-fluorouracil-based regimens among patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2022)

In patients with mPDAC who received second-line therapy, those who received liposomal irinotecan-based regimens had the lowest rates of anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia compared to FOLFIRI, FOLFIRINOX, and FOLFOX, while requiring a similar or lower level of medication to treat and manage those adverse events. Patients treated with FOLFIRI received the highest dose of pegfilgrastim to manage neutropenia. The results of this real-world analysis are consistent with prior evaluations of patients with mPDAC and highlight the importance of managing adverse events and associated cost implications.
Preparation and Regeneration of Protoplasts from Mycelia of <i>Morchella esculenta</i> (1985)

Journal Article Preparation and Regeneration of Protoplasts from Mycelia of Morchella esculenta Get access Mitsuaki Moriguchi, Mitsuaki Moriguchi Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita 870-11, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Seiichiro Kotegawa Seiichiro Kotegawa Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita 870-11, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 9, 1 September 1985, Pages 2791–2793, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10867165 Published: 01 September 1985 Article history Received: 18 March 1985 Published: 01 September 1985
What Kind of Natural Language Inference are NLP Systems Learning: Is this Enough? (2019)

In this paper, we look at Natural Language Inference, arguing that the notion of inference the current NLP systems are learning is much narrower compared to the range of inference patterns found in human reasoning. We take a look at the history and the nature of creating datasets for NLI. We discuss the datasets that are mainly used today for the relevant tasks and show why those are not enough to generalize to other reasoning tasks, e.g. logical and legal reasoning, or reasoning in dialogue settings. We then proceed to propose ways in which this can be remedied, effectively producing more realistic datasets for NLI. Lastly, we argue that the NLP community could have been too hasty to altogether dismiss symbolic approaches in the study of NLI, given that these might still be relevant for more fine-grained cases of reasoning. As such, we argue for a more pluralistic take on tackling NLI, favoring hybrid rather than non-hybrid approaches.
Replication-Deficient Adenovirus Induces Expression of Interleukin-8 by Airway Epithelial Cells <i>In Vitro</i> (1995)

Preclinical studies with first-generation adenovirus (Ad) vectors administered in vivo to the respiratory tract have demonstrated a nonspecific host response consisting, in part, of parenchymal neutrophil accumulation followed by mononuclear cell and macrophage accumulation. We hypothesized that the mechanism for this host response might be the elaboration of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) from the airway epithelium following the exposure to Ad. To evaluate this hypothesis, we infected A549 cells (a human-derived lung epithelial cell line) in vitro with an adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-based vector expressing a nuclear targeted beta-galactosidase enzyme (Av1LacZ4). We found that cellular transduction was efficient, resulting in gene delivery to 85.5% +/- 3.9% of the cell monolayer after 96 hr. Importantly, IL-8 mRNA transcript levels in Av1LacZ4-transduced cells were significantly higher than uninfected controls by 24 hr and remained elevated for 96 hr. IL-8 protein secretion from Av1LacZ4-transduced cells was increased for the same period. The Av1LacZ4-transduced A549 cells also showed a neutrophil chemoattractant activity higher than control cells, measurable at 24 hr, and persisting for 96 hr. The chemoattractant activity could be neutralized by a specific monoclonal antibody to IL-8. Whereas Av1LacZ4 transduction induced IL-8 gene expression, there was a lack of expression of MCP-1 by A549 cells. These observations demonstrate that the gene delivery to the airway epithelium using the Ad5-based expression vector results in IL-8 gene activation in these cells, which may contribute to the described inflammatory host response.