gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Role of Small Amines in Zeolite Synthesis (1999)

A crystallization study was undertaken to relate the structure of small amines to the zeolite product obtained. At SiO2/Al2O3 = 200, certain noncyclic amines (some not previously recognized) were specific for the formation of 10-ring zeolites, e.g., ZSM-22 and ZSM-23. For example, ethylmethylamine and diethylamine yielded highly crystalline ZSM-22, while ethylamine and isopropylamine yielded ZSM-23. Consistent with their larger size, cyclic amines such as piperazine produced the 12-ring pore system, ZSM-12. At lower SiO2/Al2O3 ratios (40), a different set of zeolites was obtained, as expected, ZSM-35 and MCM-22. Again, a specific relationship was observed between the amine employed and the zeolite obtained. In both SiO2/Al2O3 regimes, several amines played non-structure-specific pore- and pH-stabilizing roles and yielded ZSM-5. With relatively few exceptions, the zeolite products were fully porefilled with amine and low in Na (Na/Al < 1). Computer simulations confirmed a pore-stabilizing role for both structure-specific and non-structure-specific amines. At the same time, among structure-specific (“structure-directing”) amines, they showed that the interaction energy differences between alternative amine−pore combinations were often quite small (0.5−2.0 kcal/mol, for example). Nevertheless, the changes in amine−pore interaction energies for this group of amines consistently tracked the changes in zeolite products observed.
Characterization of Potential Probiotics Bacillus subtilis CS90 from Soybean Paste (Doenjang) and Its Antimicrobial Activity against Food-borne Pathogens (2008)

A potential probiotics bacterial strain, CS90, was isolated from Korean soybean paste (doenjang). The strain CS90 showed antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria including Salmonella enterica, Salmonella enteritids, Salmonella typhymurium, Bacillus cereus, Listeria ivanovii, Listeria. monocytogenes, Sthaphylococcus aureus, and Sthaphylococcus epidermidis and showed a significant survival rate of 35.7 to 57.8% under the artificial gastric acidic condition (pH 2 to 3). The strain CS90 was classified as Bacillus subtilis based on morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic features and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence and designated as B. subtilis CS90. B. subtilis CS90 can be used as a potential probiotics.
SVM-Based Classification of Segmented Airborne LiDAR Point Clouds in Urban Areas (2013)

Object-based point cloud analysis (OBPA) is useful for information extraction from airborne LiDAR point clouds. An object-based classification method is proposed for classifying the airborne LiDAR point clouds in urban areas herein. In the process of classification, the surface growing algorithm is employed to make clustering of the point clouds without outliers, thirteen features of the geometry, radiometry, topology and echo characteristics are calculated, a support vector machine (SVM) is utilized to classify the segments, and connected component analysis for 3D point clouds is proposed to optimize the original classification results. Three datasets with different point densities and complexities are employed to test our method. Experiments suggest that the proposed method is capable of making a classification of the urban point clouds with the overall classification accuracy larger than 92.34% and the Kappa coefficient larger than 0.8638, and the classification accuracy is promoted with the increasing of the point density, which is meaningful for various types of applications.
Electrostatics of proteins in dielectric solvent continua. II. First applications in molecular dynamics simulations (2007)

In the preceding paper by Stork and Tavan, [J. Chem. Phys. 126, 165105 (2007)], the authors have reformulated an electrostatic theory which treats proteins surrounded by dielectric solvent continua and approximately solves the associated Poisson equation [B. Egwolf and P. Tavan, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 2039 (2003)]. The resulting solution comprises analytical expressions for the electrostatic reaction field (RF) and potential, which are generated within the protein by the polarization of the surrounding continuum. Here the field and potential are represented in terms of Gaussian RF dipole densities localized at the protein atoms. Quite like in a polarizable force field, also the RF dipole at a given protein atom is induced by the partial charges and RF dipoles at the other atoms. Based on the reformulated theory, the authors have suggested expressions for the RF forces, which obey Newton's third law. Previous continuum approaches, which were also built on solutions of the Poisson equation, used to violate the reactio principle required by this law, and thus were inapplicable to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In this paper, the authors suggest a set of techniques by which one can surmount the few remaining hurdles still hampering the application of the theory to MD simulations of soluble proteins and peptides. These techniques comprise the treatment of the RF dipoles within an extended Lagrangian approach and the optimization of the atomic RF polarizabilities. Using the well-studied conformational dynamics of alanine dipeptide as the simplest example, the authors demonstrate the remarkable accuracy and efficiency of the resulting RF-MD approach.
The MU5 Multicomputer Communication System (1977)

A multicomputer system is described incorporating an exchange which can connect up to 12 units. A description of the overall architecture is followed by a detailed discussion of the exchange design. This includes a storage transfer unit which has a maximum throughput of 89 Mbytes/s. A review of the timing and technology, and error analysis conclude the paper.
On the Calculation of Aerodynamic Diameters of Fibers (1985)

This paper is restricted to the theoretical expressions for calculation of the aerodynamic diameters of fibers based on the viscous drag of prolate spheroids. The volume of the fibers is calculated either by the expression for a cylinder (Harris and Fraser, 1976) or the expression for a prolate spheroid (Khalik and Gonda, 1984). Perpendicular, parallel, or random orientations of the fibers with respect to the direction of motion are considered. The latter orientation can be expressed in two ways (Fuchs, 1964; Harris and Fraser, 1976). The recent experimental data of Prodi et al. (1982) appear to agree well with the theories that describe both the viscous drag and the volume in terms of prolate spheroids. The calculations suggest that the fibers are oriented randomly, or perpendicularly to the direction of the flow.
PWR Zircaloy Fuel Cladding Corrosion Performance, Mechanisms, and Modeling (1996)

Oxide axial profiles for Zircaloy-4 cladding measured for 17 fuel rods irradiated from 50 to 60 GWD/t in three different pressurized water reactors (PWRs) were studied. Computer simulation of the magnitude and shape of the various profiles involved five contributing interrelated effects: (1) thermal feedback, (2) radial thermal redistribution of corrosion hydrogen, (3) metallurgical variables (tin content and radiation-induced changes in intermetallic particle size distribution), (4) lithium hydroxide exposure history, and (5) radiation effects in the oxide film. Published research results supporting each separate effect are reviewed, and the selection of a predictive simulation for each phenomenon and the effect of varying its relative weight are reported. The effect on cladding corrosion of hydrogen thermal redistribution to the oxide-metal interface, coupled with thermal feedback, was found to be a predominant factor in predicting the magnitude and shape of cladding oxide profiles at high burnups for PWR fuel rods. Tin content, coupled with thermal feedback, was also found to have a very important effect on the predicted magnitude of oxide profiles at all burnups. Radiation-induced dissolution of fine Zr(Cr,Fe)2 intermetallic particles in the Zircaloy-4 cladding primarily affected the predicted shape of the oxide profiles at the colder inlet region of the fuel rods. Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) exposure history and radiation effects in the oxide film appeared to play non-negligible secondary roles in determining the oxide profiles at all burnups.
A surface-engineered tape-casting fabrication technique toward the commercialisation of freestanding carbon nanotube sheets (2017)

Surface-engineered tape-casting (SETC) is a facile and scalable preparation method to fabricate freestanding, flexible and foldable MWCNT and MWCNT-composite sheets.
Do different competitive abilities of three fern species explain their different regional abundances? (2004)

Abstract: Question: Do different competitive abilities of three fern species explain their different regional abundances? Location: Estonia, Europe. Methods: The factorial pot experiment, in which single individuals of three fern species were grown in natural soil with 0, 2,4, and 8 neighbouring individuals of Deschampsia flexuosa . Results: The response patterns of different biomass fractions and morphological parameters of fern species were similar to each other. The diploid D. expansa was the most vulnerable to competition, while tetraploid D. carthusiana and D. dilatata were more tolerant. D. carthusiana allocated relatively more to below‐ground parts than the other two species and allocation to roots increased when neighbour density increased. For D. expansa and D. dilatata , allocation to below‐ground parts decreased at high neighbour density, while in D. dilatata also the relative length of the stipe increased. Thus, the response of D. carthusiana corresponds to a ‘persistence type’ and that of D. dilatata to a ‘foraging type’. Conclusions: Lower vulnerability of D. carthusiana to competition, compared to D. expansa , may explain the higher regional and local abundance of the former. The rarity of D. dilatata in Estonia, however, could rather be explained by the impact of climatic factors, since this species is near its northeastern distribution limit in Estonia.
Dynamics of Attention in Depth: Evidence from Multi-Element Tracking (2002)

We examined the allocation of attention in depth using a multi-element tracking paradigm. Observers were required to track a predefined subset of from two to eight elements in displays containing up to sixteen identical moving elements. We first show that depth cues, such as binocular disparity and occlusion through T-junctions, improve performance in a multi-element tracking task in the case where element boundaries are allowed to intersect in the depiction of motion in a single frontoparallel plane. We also show that the allocation of attention across two perceptually distinguishable planar surfaces, either frontoparallel or receding at a slanting angle and defined by coplanar elements, is easier than allocation of attention within a single surface. The same result was not found when attention was required to be deployed across items of two-color populations rather than across items of a single color. Our results suggest that, when surface information does not suffice to distinguish between targets and distractors that are embedded in these surfaces, division of attention across two surfaces aids in tracking moving targets. A final experiment with populations of elements moving within distinct volumes produced similar results, suggesting that spatial separation in three dimensions, rather than confinement to surfaces as such, may explain the improved performance for the two-surface case.
α-Subunit Conformation in Glycoprotein Hormones and Recombinants as Assessed by Specific Antisera* (1982)

RIAs specific for the alpha-subunit of glycoprotein hormones were used to monitor the subunit conformation in ovine FSH and TSH and in recombinants of ovine LH alpha with (ovine and porcine) LH beta and hCG beta. Differences in log-logit slopes of the RIA dilution curves were interpreted to indicate changes, presumably conformational, in the local environment of the antigenic determinants of the alpha-subunit. In all but one case, free ovine LH alpha yielded a slope that was distinct from those of the hormones and recombinants. FSH, TSH, and the homologous LH recombinant all exhibited different slopes, and the recombinant ovine LH alpha-hCG beta was characterized by a slope that was distinct from the identical slopes of the recombinants ovine LH alpha-ovine LH beta and ovine LH alpha-porcine LH beta. These results suggest that a conformational change occurs in the alpha-subunit upon association with a beta-subunit and that different beta-subunits may induce distinct conformations in a common alpha-subunit.
Carbon Capture (Carbon Cycle 2.0) (2010)

Berend Smit speaks at the Carbon Cycle 2.0 kick-off symposium Feb. 3, 2010. We emit more carbon into the atmosphere than natural processes are able to remove - an imbalance with negative consequences. Carbon Cycle 2.0 is a Berkeley Lab initiative to provide the science needed to restore this balance by integrating the labs diverse research activities and delivering creative solutions toward a carbon-neutral energy future.
Electrical conduction block in large nerves: High‐frequency current delivery in the nonhuman primate (2011)

Recent studies have made significant progress toward the clinical implementation of high-frequency conduction block (HFB) of peripheral nerves. However, these studies were performed in small nerves, and questions remain regarding the nature of HFB in large-diameter nerves. This study in nonhuman primates shows reliable conduction block in large-diameter nerves (up to 4.1 mm) with relatively low-threshold current amplitude and only moderate nerve discharge prior to the onset of block.
Genetic Analysis Of The Plasminogen And Coagulation System In Mice (1996)

The blood coagulation and the fibrinolytic (or plasminogen/plasmin) systems determine the balance between the formation and dissolution of blood clots, but in addition contribute to the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular disorders such as thrombosis, atherosclerosis and restenosis. Furthermore, they participate in a variety of other (patho)biological processes such as embryonic development, reproduction, wound healing, cancer and brain function. Two recently developed technologies, gene targeting and gene transfer, that allow to manipulate the genetic balance of these proteinase systems in a controllable manner have allowed to more definitively elucidate the biological role of these systems. This review summarizes the insights that have been obtained from the gene targeting studies and discusses the use of adenovirus-mediated transfer of fibrinolytic genes to study and possibly to develop novel strategies for the treatment of restenosis and thrombosis.
INFLUENCE OF THE REPRODUCTIVE STATE AT THE TIME OF OPERATION ON THE EARLY RESPONSE TO OVARIECTOMY IN THE RAT (1972)

SUMMARY The changes in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration during the first few days after ovariectomy in the rat differ according to the stage of the cycle at which the operation is performed. When carried out at oestrus there was no increase in LH concentration in the first 4 days. After operation at metoestrus the concentration was increased at 3 days but not earlier. Ovariectomy at dioestrus resulted in an immediate increase after 8 h, a subsequent fall, though not to basal levels, and a fairly steady rise thereafter. Ovariectomy at pro-oestrus produced a very large initial rise in plasma LH which probably represents an accelerated release of the ovulatory surge of LH rather than a specific response to ovariectomy. At 24 h after ovariectomy at pro-oestrus levels were below normal and did not increase again for a further 3 days. In contrast, male rats showed a rapid and sustained rise in plasma LH concentration after castration. It is suggested that the different patterns seen in the female may be related to the time that elapsed since the hypothalamo—pituitary system was exposed to high levels of circulating oestradiol. The changes in plasma LH concentration observed after ovariectomy in neonatally androgen-treated rats, rats in persistent oestrus due to exposure to constant light, and rats in early pregnancy are consistent with this hypothesis. Differing responses to the administration of sodium pentobarbitone between male and female rats even 21 days after gonadectomy suggest that there may also be differences in this negative feedback system between the two sexes that are independent of the nature of the gonadal steroid secreted.
Optimal diagonal precoder for multi-antenna communication system (2003)

We develop an efficient diagonal matrix precoder which minimizes the lower bound of the average bit error rate (BER) for a multi-antenna wireless communication system with a QR receiver in flat fading channel. The precoder also minimizes the average block error rate at the same time. It provides substantially lower error rates than the MMSE precoder and G.J. Foschini's BLAST scheme (see Bell Labs Tech. J., p.41-59, 1996). The corresponding signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains can be several decibels.
Pi: A practical incentive protocol for delay tolerant networks (2010)

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are a class of networks characterized by lack of guaranteed connectivity, typically low frequency of encounters between DTN nodes and long propagation delays within the network. As a result, the message propagation process in DTNs follows a store-carryand- forward manner, and the in-transit bundle messages can be opportunistically routed towards the destinations through intermittent connections under the hypothesis that each individual DTN node is willing to help with forwarding. Unfortunately, there may exist some selfish nodes, especially in a cooperative network like DTN, and the presence of selfish DTN nodes could cause catastrophic damage to any well designed opportunistic routing scheme and jeopardize the whole network. In this paper, to address the selfishness problem in DTNs, we propose a practical incentive protocol, called Pi, such that when a source node sends a bundle message, it also attaches some incentive on the bundle, which is not only attractive but also fair to all participating DTN nodes. With the fair incentive, the selfish DTN nodes could be stimulated to help with forwarding bundles to achieve better packet delivery performance. In addition, the proposed Pi protocol can also thwart various attacks, which could be launched by selfish DTN nodes, such as free ride attack, layer removing and adding attacks. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed Pi protocol in terms of high delivery ratio and lower average delay.
Checkpointing for distributed databases: starting from the basics (1992)

Checkpointing in a distributed database system is analyzed by establishing a correspondence between consistent snapshots in a general distributed system and transaction-consistent checkpoints in a distributed database system. The analysis culminates in a useful condition for transaction-consistent checkpoints. Based on this condition, a general checkpointing scheme, which records a transaction-consistent set of values of all or some selected data items is presented. These rules are implemented in some representative concurrency control protocols, i.e., those based on two-phase locking and timestamping. These implementations cause little interference with other activities in the database system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selection of a Rechargeable Internal Back-up Battery for a Totally Implantable Artificial Heart (1999)

Three kinds of rechargeable batteries, NiCd, NiMH, and Li+, were compared for the purpose of selecting the most appropriate battery for use in a Rechargeable Internal Back-up Battery (RIBB) unit for a Totally Implantable Artificial Heart. Batteries of each kind were connected in series to obtain the required driving voltage of 24 V. The NiCd and NiMH batteries were charged by a constant current of 1 C, and the Li+ batteries were charged first by a constant current of 1 C and later by a constant voltage of 28.7 V. All three types of batteries were discharged using a dummy electronic pulsatile load consuming 20 W of power. The tests showed that the Li+ batteries were capable of supplying the required energy for more than 60 minutes. The Li+ batteries had a specific energy of 121.5 Wh/kg, which was more than 3x that of the NiCd and NiMH, and an energy density of 282.5 Wh/L more than double that of the other two. In addition, the Li+ batteries recorded the least temperature rise during charging and discharging. The results of our tests conclusively showed that the Li+ battery is the best among the three for use in an RIBB from the viewpoint of energy density and temperature rise.
Laser, fibrin glue, or suture repair of peripheral nerves: a comparative functional, histological and morphometric study in the rat sciatic nerve (2001)

It was found that CO2 laser-assisted nerve repair with soldering is at least equal to fibrin glue and suture repair in effectiveness in a rodent model of sciatic nerve repair.
A Real-Time Iteration Scheme for Nonlinear Optimization in Optimal Feedback Control (2005)

An efficient Newton-type scheme for the approximate on-line solution of optimization problems as they occur in optimal feedback control is presented. The scheme allows a fast reaction to disturbances by delivering approximations of the exact optimal feedback control which are iteratively refined during the runtime of the controlled process. The contractivity of this real-time iteration scheme is proven, and a bound on the loss of optimality---compared with the theoretical optimal solution---is given. The robustness and excellent real-time performance of the method is demonstrated in a numerical experiment, the control of an unstable system, namely, an airborne kite that shall fly loops.
Modeling of magnetic properties of heat treated Dy-doped NdFeB particles bonded in isotropic and anisotropic arrangements (1998)

The effects of compacting methods, heat treatment and chemical additives on the magnetic properties of NdFeB particles have been studied, Five sets of NdFeB powder particles, doped with different amounts of Dy from 0.1-2.9 wt%, were prepared in powder form by gas atomization and annealed at 650-750/spl deg/C for 600 seconds under an inert argon atmosphere. These were then bonded in epoxy, either in isotropic form, or aligned during fabrication under the action an applied magnetic field. Their magnetic properties were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that the combined effects of the addition of Dy and heat treatment could dramatically improve the coercive force, remanent magnetization and maximum energy product. The results have been interpreted using a model of hysteresis which takes into account energy losses, anisotropy and texture of a material. The modeling showed that these effects alter the magnetic properties by increasing the hysteresis loss via the loss coefficient and by reducing the reversible component of magnetization through the reversibility coefficient. The compacting process influences the density of the particles in the bonded magnet which alters the magnetic properties through the coupling coefficient. The major influence of particle alignment can be interpreted as a change in the texture which can be described by a texture parameter.