gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Key Life in Online Authentication Systems Using Virtual Password (2011)

Transactions through online applications using a user id and password have greater flexibility in business environment. This key/password life span in such applications is very short which means that they are easily breakable considering attacks like phishing, key logger and shoulder-surfing. Our proposed scheme enhances the key life in such systems by using virtual password mechanism by keeping the string part of the password string and a mathematical function value followed by it. This mathematical function varies for each login session and also we will reveal only a few positions of the virtual password but not the complete virtual password.
Pyridines. I. Aldehyde-collidine and 5-Ethyl-2-vinylpyridine<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyridines. I. Aldehyde-collidine and 5-Ethyl-2-vinylpyridine1Robert L. Frank, James R. Blegen, Robert J. Dearborn, Robert L. Myers, and Fred E. WoodwardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 7, 1368–1369Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01211a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01211a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views375Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Engineering of a novel hybrid enzyme: an anti-inflammatory drug target with triple catalytic activities directly converting arachidonic acid into the inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (2009)

Cyclooxygenase isoform-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E(2) synthase-1 (mPGES-1) are inducible enzymes that become up-regulated in inflammation and some cancers. It has been demonstrated that their coupling reaction of converting arachidonic acid (AA) into prostaglandin (PG) E(2) (PGE(2)) is responsible for inflammation and cancers. Understanding their coupling reactions at the molecular and cellular levels is a key step toward uncovering the pathological processes in inflammation. In this paper, we describe a structure-based enzyme engineering which produced a novel hybrid enzyme that mimics the coupling reactions of the inducible COX-2 and mPGES-1 in the native ER membrane. Based on the hypothesized membrane topologies and structures, the C-terminus of COX-2 was linked to the N-terminus of mPGES-1 through a transmembrane linker to form a hybrid enzyme, COX-2-10aa-mPGES-1. The engineered hybrid enzyme expressed in HEK293 cells exhibited strong triple-catalytic functions in the continuous conversion of AA into PGG(2) (catalytic-step 1), PGH(2) (catalytic-step 2) and PGE(2) (catalytic-step 3), a pro-inflammatory mediator. In addition, the hybrid enzyme was also able to directly convert dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) into PGG(1), PGH(1) and then PGE(1) (an anti-inflammatory mediator). The hybrid enzyme retained similar K(d) and V(max) values to that of the parent enzymes, suggesting that the configuration between COX-2 and mPGES-1 (through the transmembrane domain) could mimic the native conformation and membrane topologies of COX-2 and mPGES-1 in the cells. The results indicated that the quick coupling reaction between the native COX-2 and mPGES-1 (in converting AA into PGE(2)) occurred in a way so that both enzymes are localized near each other in a face-to-face orientation, where the COX-2 C-terminus faces the mPGES-1 N-terminus in the ER membrane. The COX-2-10aa-mPGES-1 hybrid enzyme engineering may be a novel approach in creating inflammation cell and animal models, which are particularly valuable targets for the next generation of NSAID screening.
Discovery of Oxadiazoyl Tertiary Carbinamine Inhibitors of β-Secretase (BACE-1) (2006)

We describe the discovery and optimization of tertiary carbinamine derived inhibitors of the enzyme beta-secretase (BACE-1). These novel non-transition-state-derived ligands incorporate a single primary amine to interact with the catalytic aspartates of the target enzyme. Optimization of this series provided inhibitors with intrinsic and functional potency comparable to evolved transition state isostere derived inhibitors of BACE-1.
Filtering medical documents using automated and human classification methods (1998)

The goal of this research is to clarify the role of document classification in information filtering. An important function of classification, in managing computational complexity, is described and illustrated in the context of an existing filtering system. A parameter called classification homogeneity is presented for analyzing unsupervised automated classification by employing human classification as a control. Two significant components of the automated classification approach, vocabulary discovery and classification scheme generation, are described in detail. Results of classification performance revealed considerable variability in the homogeneity of automatically produced classes. Based on the classification performance, different types of interest profiles were created. Subsequently, these profiles were used to perform filtering sessions. The filtering results showed that with increasing homogeneity, filtering performance improves, and, conversely, with decreasing homogeneity, filtering performance degrades.
<title>Some improvements on RNS Montgomery modular multiplication</title> (2000)

In Residue Number Systems (RNS), an integer X is represented by its residues {x<SUB>0</SUB>,...,x<SUB>n-1</SUB>} modulo a base of relatively prime numbers {m<SUB>0</SUB>,...,m<SUB>n-1</SUB>}. Thus a large number can be represented as a set of small integers. Addition and multiplication can be easily parallelized, there is no carry propagation. The time is reduced to the evaluation of these operations with small numbers. This representation is useful in cryptography and digital signal processing. Furthermore, in these two domains, modular multiplication (A X B mod N) is frequently used. So, in 1998, we have presented in IEEE journal of transactions on computers, a new modular multiplication algorithm in RNS. This algorithm is based on the Montgomery algorithm, using the associated Mixed Radix representation, for the weighted digits. It was the first algorithm of this type. In this paper, we present two remarks. First, if we develop the different expressions due to the algorithm, we obtain some mathematical simplifications that allow us to suppress some Mixed Radix occurrence in the basic iteration simply with a new initialization of our variables. Thus, in this new version, the complexity of each basic iteration, becomes equivalent to two products of small integers instead of three. The second remark is that, most of the time, modular multiplications are done with the same modulo N. We can precompute some values and reduce the complexity of each basic iteration to one multiplication of two small integers. Thus, the basic iteration is three times faster, and the global computation, due to the initialization, is 8/5 time faster than the original version. Sometime after the last basic iteration a Mixed Radix conversion can be needed. Classical parallel methods are linear. We propose an algorithmic parallel algorithm for this translation from RNS to Mixed Radix. For this, we use a result that comes from an RNS division algorithm, we published in Journal of VLSI signal processing systems 1998. We obtain in a logarithmic time an approximation of the Mixed radix representation. The correct representation is then established in a logarithmic time too.
AGGREGATE TESTS RELATED TO ASPHALT CONCRETE PERFORMANCE IN PAVEMENTS (1998)

The properties of coarse and fine aggregates used in hot mix asphalt (HMA) are very important to the performance of HMA in pavements. Many of the current aggregate test methods were developed to empirically characterize aggregates and, therefore, may not be related to the performance of HMA. This research was undertaken to recommend a set of aggregate tests which are related to performance of HMA in pavement. The following aggregate properties were considered: (a) aggregate particle shape, angularity, and surface texture; (b) plastic fines in the fine aggregate: (c) toughness and abrasion resistance; (d) durability and soundness; and (e) characteristics of the material passing the 75 micrometer (No. 200) sieve (P200). Both current and new aggregate tests were identified and evaluated in the laboratory in terms of their relationship to three HMA performance parameters: (a) permanent deformation, (b) fatigue cracking, and (c) raveling, popouts and/or potholes. HMA performance parameters were measured by laboratory tests such as superpave shear tester (permanent deformation and fatigue cracking), Georgia loaded wheel tester (permanent deformation), and Hamburg wheel tracking device (stripping). A set of nine aggregate tests, related to HMA performance in pavements, are recommended. New tests include uncompacted void content of coarse aggregate, methylene blue test of fine aggregate and P200 material, particle size analysis of P200 material, and Micro-Deval test.
Staphylococcal Bacteriophage-Associated Lysin: a Lytic Agent Active Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1971)

A lytic enzyme active against viable, intact staphylococci is released into culture fluids upon lysis of bacteriophage-infected Staphylococcus aureus PS53 cells. This enzyme, staphylococcal phage-associated lysin (PAL), was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration through Sephadex G-200. PAL is optimally active at pH 6.5 and 30 C, and lytic activity is greatly enhanced by the addition of reducing agents. Lytic activity was observed against all strains of staphylococci tested and against purified staphylococcal cell walls, but no activity was noted against other bacterial species. PAL possesses peptidase activity and results in the production of spheroplasts which can be osmotically stabilized for extended periods by the addition of 7.5% polyethylene glycol 4000.
Organo-soluble Polyimides and Their Applications to Photosensitive Cover Layer Materials in Flexible Printed Circuit Boards (2008)

Two types of photosensitive polyimides (PSPIs) were developed as novel cover layer materials for FPC applications in this work. One of them, PSPI-1 was highly soluble in common organic solvents such as NMP in spite of its stiff backbone structure. The PSPI-1 film formed by simple solution-casting exhibited a low CTE of 19-24 ppm/K in addition to a high Tg at 292°C, high thermal stability, low water absorption (0.3%), comparatively good transparency, and sufficient film flexibility. On the other hand, another system, PSPI-2 displayed an extremely low modulus. Both PSPI systems completely inhibited curling of the PSPI/copper laminates. These PSPI systems also possessed fine positive-tone patterning ability, reliable insulation property, and the highest level of non-flammability(UL-94: V-0 or VTM-0). The results revealed that the present PSPI systems are promising candidates as novel cover layer materials.
Imaging Cell Death (2014)

There is currently a need for imaging methods capable of detecting cell death in tissues and the early onset of tumor cell death resulting from therapy. However, to date, no probe has been approved for routine imaging of cell death in the clinic. The challenge is to identify hallmarks of cell death, which have clinical relevance, and then to develop and validate imaging biomarkers for these hallmarks. We focus here on cell death imaging probes, which either have been trialed in the clinic or have significant promise, based on preclinical studies.
Members of the germin-like protein family in Brassica napus are candidates for the initiation of an oxidative burst that impedes pathogenesis of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (2012)

Germin-like proteins (GLPs) are defined by their sequence homology to germins from barley and are present ubiquitously in plants. Analyses of corresponding genes have revealed diverse functions of GLPs in plant development and biotic and abiotic stresses. This study describes the identification of a family of 14 germin-like genes from Brassica napus (BnGLP) designated BnGLP1-BnGLP14 and investigated potential functions of BnGLPs in plant defense against the necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses classify the 14 BnGLPs into four groups, which were clearly distinguished from known germin oxalic acid oxidases. Transcriptional responses of the BnGLP genes to S. sclerotiorum infection was determined by comparing cultivars of susceptible B. napus 'Falcon' and partially resistant B. napus 'Zhongshuang 9'. Of the 14 BnGLP genes tested, BnGLP3 was transcriptionally upregulated in both B. napus cultivars at 6h after S. sclerotiorum infection, while upregulation of BnGLP12 was restricted to resistant B. napus 'Zhongshuang 9'. Biochemical analysis of five representative BnGLP members identified a H(2)O(2)-generating superoxide dismutase activity only for higher molecular weight complexes of BnGLP3 and BnGLP12. By analogy, H(2)O(2) formation at infected leaf sites increased after 6h, with even higher H(2)O(2) production in B. napus 'Zhongshuang 9' compared with B. napus 'Falcon'. Conversely, exogenous application of H(2)O(2) significantly reduced the susceptibility of B. napus 'Falcon'. These data suggest that early induction of BnGLP3 and BnGLP12 participates in an oxidative burst that may play a pivotal role in defence of B. napus against S. sclerotiorum.
Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex (1968)

1. The striate cortex was studied in lightly anaesthetized macaque and spider monkeys by recording extracellularly from single units and stimulating the retinas with spots or patterns of light. Most cells can be categorized as simple, complex, or hypercomplex, with response properties very similar to those previously described in the cat. On the average, however, receptive fields are smaller, and there is a greater sensitivity to changes in stimulus orientation. A small proportion of the cells are colour coded.2. Evidence is presented for at least two independent systems of columns extending vertically from surface to white matter. Columns of the first type contain cells with common receptive-field orientations. They are similar to the orientation columns described in the cat, but are probably smaller in cross-sectional area. In the second system cells are aggregated into columns according to eye preference. The ocular dominance columns are larger than the orientation columns, and the two sets of boundaries seem to be independent.3. There is a tendency for cells to be grouped according to symmetry of responses to movement; in some regions the cells respond equally well to the two opposite directions of movement of a line, but other regions contain a mixture of cells favouring one direction and cells favouring the other.4. A horizontal organization corresponding to the cortical layering can also be discerned. The upper layers (II and the upper two-thirds of III) contain complex and hypercomplex cells, but simple cells are virtually absent. The cells are mostly binocularly driven. Simple cells are found deep in layer III, and in IV A and IV B. In layer IV B they form a large proportion of the population, whereas complex cells are rare. In layers IV A and IV B one finds units lacking orientation specificity; it is not clear whether these are cell bodies or axons of geniculate cells. In layer IV most cells are driven by one eye only; this layer consists of a mosaic with cells of some regions responding to one eye only, those of other regions responding to the other eye. Layers V and VI contain mostly complex and hypercomplex cells, binocularly driven.5. The cortex is seen as a system organized vertically and horizontally in entirely different ways. In the vertical system (in which cells lying along a vertical line in the cortex have common features) stimulus dimensions such as retinal position, line orientation, ocular dominance, and perhaps directionality of movement, are mapped in sets of superimposed but independent mosaics. The horizontal system segregates cells in layers by hierarchical orders, the lowest orders (simple cells monocularly driven) located in and near layer IV, the higher orders in the upper and lower layers.
Enhancement of Hotspot Cooling With Diamond Heat Spreader on Cu Microchannel Heat Sink for GaN-on-Si Device (2014)

The diamond heat spreader has been directly attached between the test chip and the Cu microchannel heat sink for thermal performance enhancement of the GaN-on-Si device. In the fabricated test vehicle, the small heater is used to represent one unit of transistor. Experimental tests have been conducted on the fabricated test vehicle to investigate the performance. Two types of simulation models have been constructed in COMSOL, considering the multiphysics features and temperature-dependent material properties. The submodel in conjunction with the main model is constructed to predict the thermal performance of the GaN-on-Si structure. The heating power, which is concentrated on eight tiny heaters of size 350 × 150 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , is varied from 10 to 50 W. With the diamond heat spreader attached to the liquidcooled microchannel heat sink, the maximum heater temperature can be reduced by 11.5%-22.9%, while the maximum gate temperature can be reduced by 8.9%-18.5%. Consistent results from the experimental and simulation studies have verified the enhancement of the hotspot cooling capability using directly attached diamond heat spreader.
Synergistic Action Between the Sulfonamides, Certain Dyes, and Streptomycin Against Gram-Negative Bacteria: Preliminary Report (1947)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 May 1947Synergistic Action Between the Sulfonamides, Certain Dyes, and Streptomycin Against Gram-Negative Bacteria: Preliminary Report1 F.S. Thatcher, andM.Sc, Ph.D. John T. MacleanM.D. F.S. ThatcherF.S. Thatcher More articles by this author , and John T. MacleanJohn T. Maclean More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)69727-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1947 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByKimmelman L, Zinsser H and Klein M (2018) Effect of Combined Therapy on Emergence of Drug Resistant Bacteria in Urinary Tract Infections: Observations on Origin of Resistant StrainsJournal of Urology, VOL. 65, NO. 4, (668-680), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1951. Volume 57Issue 5May 1947Page: 902-926 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1947 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information F.S. Thatcher More articles by this author John T. Maclean More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Preparation and properties of Si‐containing copolymer for near‐UV resist. III. Maleimide/silylstyrene copolymer (1993)

Abstract Poly(maleimide‐ alt‐p ‐trimethylsilyl‐α‐methylstyrene) (α‐PMTMMS) and poly(male‐imide‐ alt‐p ‐trimethylsilylstyrene) (PMTMSS) were synthesized for positive/negative near‐UV resists in the containing of diazonaphthoquinone sulfonate (DNS). The electron‐rich styrenic monomers tend to undergo alternating copolymerization with an electron‐poor maleimide monomer. The chain‐stiffening effects of the maleimide and α‐methylstyrene group were responsible for high thermal stabilities. A higher glass transition temperature of 226°C was found in α‐PMTMMS. Lithographic positive/negative images were obtained that were stable to temperatures higher than 200°C. Excellent solubility in aqueous base was observed with PMTMSS at 10.3 wt % silicon content and an oxygen‐plasma etching rate of 1:12 compared to hard‐baked HPR–204. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Naive Bayes approach to improve histogram matching quality (2015)

Histogram Matching (HM) is a well known technique for matching the colors of a source image to those of a reference image. A major application is High Dynamic Range Imaging, where images with different exposures have to be color matched. HM works best when the images are aligned and the color difference is small. However, due to camera or object motion, the images may not be aligned, which can result in color artifacts. Furthermore, HM typically involves brightening dark regions of the source image, which increases the image noise. As a result, there is a need for detecting and correcting color artifacts and increased image noise. In this paper we present a novel post-processing method for improving the quality of histogram matched images using statistical properties of the reference image. The proposed method is based on ensembles of neighboring pixels. We learn the statistics of such ensembles within the reference image (target image), which exhibits content difference in comparison to the source image. Based on these statistics, we detect and reconstruct faulty intensities, by following a naive Bayes approach. In addition to its relative easiness of implementation, experimental results show considerable subjective (visual) as well as objective (PSNR) improvements over the original HM. Moreover, promising results are obtained on comparisons of our method with Non-Local-Means denoising based post-processing, which is a state-of-the-art denoising method.
Generating fringe-free images from phase-shifted interferometry data (2005)

Weighted averaging of a sequence of phase-shifted interference patterns yields a fringe-free intensity image that can be useful for machine vision, lateral metrology, defect detection, and other supplementary tasks in a surface-profiling interferometer. Coefficients for effective fringe-removal algorithms follow from a Fourier analysis of phase-shifting errors. Theoretical and experimental examples illustrate the substantially improved performance of a well-designed weighted average over a simple linear sum of data frames.
Oral glucose‐stimulated serum <scp>C</scp>‐peptide predicts successful switching from insulin therapy to liraglutide monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment (2013)

Measurement of oral glucose-stimulated ΔCPR120 min is recommended when considering switching Japanese type 2 diabetes patients with renal impairment from insulin to liraglutide monotherapy.