gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solitons across the Atlantic (1991)

We now know of two waves which can travel across the Atlantic without distortion. The first, the well known giant tsunami of which Hollywood horror movies are made, is a water wave which is most often associated with catastrophes such as the Krakatoa eruption. The second, which has been recently developed, is an optical wave and, in contrast, much more modest.
Reactivity of fibrinogen and fibrinopeptide A containing fibrinogen fragments with antisera to fibrinopeptide A (1976)

Two antisera used in the radioimmunoassay for human fibrinopeptide A (FPA) which appear to have different immunochemical specificities have been tested for cross-reactivity with fibrinogen and with three fragments of fibrinogen which contain the FPA sequence. These fragments were the three-chain, NH2-terminal disulfide knot (N-DSK) produced by CNBr cleavage of fibrinogen, the reduced, carboxymethyl Aalpha chain portion of the N-DSK, and fragment E produced by plasmin digestion of fibrinogen. One antiserum (R-2) showed high specificity for free FPA and less than 2% cross-reactivity with fibrinogen or the FPA-containing fragments. The other antiserum (R-33) possessed a much higher degree of cross-reactivity with the FPA-containing fragments. Synthetic and native fibrinopeptides were found to be indistinguishable in the assay system with either antiserum. As a result of these studies, an hypothesis has been developed concerning the nature of the antigenic determinants on FPA which favor measurement of free FPA and limit cross-reactivity with larger, FPA-containing peptides.
Fundamentals of Anaesthesia (2009)

The third edition of Fundamentals of Anaesthesia is the gold standard text for the Primary FRCA, encapsulating the basic principles of modern anaesthesia in one easily accessible volume. Written and edited by a team of expert contributors with extensive FRCA examination experience, Fundamentals of Anaesthesia, 3rd edition deliberately blends the expertise of invited authors in an unrivalled consistency of style more akin to that of a single author text. Deliberate use of authors with a more general anaesthesia background ties in well with the education of anaesthetists in their early years. The third edition is fully updated, with a number of completely new chapters. Presentation of information is clear and concise, with extensive use of tables, colour illustrations, summary boxes of key information and bullet lists. This Highly Commended award winning textbook is a unique revision aid for the Primary FRCA and an essential companion for all exam candidates.
Environmentally Friendlier Approach to Nuclear Industry: Recovery of Uranium from Carbonate Solutions Using Ionic Liquids (2015)

A green solvent extraction process with nonfluorinated quaternary phosphonium ionic liquids for removing uranium from carbonate solutions has been developed. The main advantage of this extraction process is that no molecular diluent and ligand need be added to the organic phase, so the use of volatile organic compounds can be avoided. Uranium was extracted into the ionic liquid (IL) phase as the [Na3UO2(CO3)3]−, [Na3UO2(CO3)2Cl2]−, and [NaUO2CO3Cl2]− anion complexes, and the composition of the IL, Cl– ions, went into aqueous phase, which was determined by electrospin ionization–mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) and Cl– ion test experiment. The extraction mechanism is anion exchange. The maximum loading capacity of the IL is 11.23 g/L. F– ions have no effect on the extraction efficiency for uranium extraction. The stripping of uranium from the IL phase after extraction is difficult using dilute nitric acid and other stripping reagents. The 1 mol/L NaOH solution was used to deposit uranium and this operation was repeated three times to remove uranium from the IL thoroughly.
Efficiency of the pTF-FC2 <i>pas</i> Poison-Antidote Stability System in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Is Affected by the Host Strain, and Antidote Degradation Requires the Lon Protease (1998)

The stabilization of a test plasmid by the proteic, poison-antidote plasmid addiction system (pas) of plasmid pTF-FC2 was host strain dependent, with a 100-fold increase in stability in Escherichia coli CSH50, a 2.5-fold increase in E. coli JM105, and no detectable stabilization in E. coli strains JM107 and JM109. The lethality of the PasB toxin was far higher in the E. coli strains in which the pas was most effective. Models for the way in which poison-antidote systems stabilize plasmids require that the antidote have a much higher rate of turnover than that of the toxin. A decrease in host cell death following plasmid loss from an E. coli lon mutant and a decrease in plasmid stability suggested that the Lon protease plays a role in the rate of turnover of PasA antidote.
Dopamine Antagonists and the Development of Breast Cancer (2002)

Antipsychotic dopamine antagonist use may confer a small but significant risk of breast cancer. In light of the small hazards and the possibility of residual confounding, these findings should lead to follow-up investigations but not to changes in treatment strategies.
Withaferin A Induces Cell Death Selectively in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells but Not in Normal Fibroblast Cells (2015)

Withaferin A (WA), a major bioactive component of the Indian herb Withania somnifera, induces cell death (apoptosis/necrosis) in multiple types of tumor cells, but the molecular mechanism underlying this cytotoxicity remains elusive. We report here that 2 μM WA induced cell death selectively in androgen-insensitive PC-3 and DU-145 prostate adenocarcinoma cells, whereas its toxicity was less severe in androgen-sensitive LNCaP prostate adenocarcinoma cells and normal human fibroblasts (TIG-1 and KD). WA also killed PC-3 cells in spheroid-forming medium. DNA microarray analysis revealed that WA significantly increased mRNA levels of c-Fos and 11 heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in PC-3 and DU-145, but not in LNCaP and TIG-1. Western analysis revealed increased expression of c-Fos and reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein c-FLIP(L). Expression of HSPs such as HSPA6 and Hsp70 was conspicuously elevated; however, because siRNA-mediated depletion of HSF-1, an HSP-inducing transcription factor, reduced PC-3 cell viability, it is likely that these heat-shock genes were involved in protecting against cell death. Moreover, WA induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PC-3 and DU-145, but not in normal fibroblasts. Immunocytochemistry and immuno-electron microscopy revealed that WA disrupted the vimentin cytoskeleton, possibly inducing the ROS generation, c-Fos expression and c-FLIP(L) suppression. These observations suggest that multiple events followed by disruption of the vimentin cytoskeleton play pivotal roles in WA-mediated cell death.
Dissecting Mechanisms of Immunodominance to the Common Tuberculosis Antigens ESAT-6, CFP10, Rv2031c (hspX), Rv2654c (TB7.7), and Rv1038c (EsxJ) (2012)

Diagnosis of tuberculosis often relies on the ex vivo IFN-γ release assays QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube and T-SPOT.TB. However, understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying their diagnostic use is still incomplete. Accordingly, we investigated T cell responses for the TB Ags included in the these assays and other commonly studied Ags: early secreted antigenic target 6 kDa, culture filtrate protein 10 kDa, Rv2031c, Rv2654c, and Rv1038c. PBMC from latently infected individuals were tested in ex vivo ELISPOT assays with overlapping peptides spanning the entirety of these Ags. We found striking variations in prevalence and magnitude of ex vivo reactivity, with culture filtrate protein 10 kDa being most dominant, followed by early secreted antigenic target 6 kDa and Rv2654c being virtually inactive. Rv2031c and Rv1038c were associated with intermediate patterns of reactivity. Further studies showed that low reactivity was not due to lack of HLA binding peptides, and high reactivity was associated with recognition of a few discrete dominant antigenic regions. Different donors recognized the same core sequence in a given epitope. In some cases, the identified epitopes were restricted by a single specific common HLA molecule (selective restriction), whereas in other cases, promiscuous restriction of the same epitope by multiple HLA molecules was apparent. Definition of the specific restricting HLA allowed to produce tetrameric reagents and showed that epitope-specific T cells recognizing either selectively or promiscuously restricted epitopes were predominantly T effector memory. In conclusion, these results highlight the feasibility of more clearly defined TB diagnostic reagent.
Independent regulation of ppp(A2'p)nA-dependent RNase in NIH 3T3, clone 1 cells by growth arrest and interferon treatment. (1985)

The regulation of ppp(A2'p)nA-(2-5A)-dependent RNase (RNase L or RNase F) was investigated in NIH 3T3, clone 1 cells using 2-5A-binding and nuclease activity assays. Minimal levels of 2-5A-dependent RNase were detected in actively dividing clone 1 cells; these levels were independently induced by growth arrest or interferon treatment. Accordingly, levels of the RNase were enhanced during growth arrest by confluency regardless of the presence or absence of interferon or antibody to interferon in the media. Measurement of 2-5A-dependent RNase was unaffected by the addition of any of six different proteinase inhibitors to the cells prior to extraction. The expression of 2-5A-dependent RNase in growth-arrested, interferon-treated cells was still relatively low (about one-third to one-half of that found in similarly treated murine Ehrlich ascites tumor cells). Although this amount of 2-5A-dependent RNase could not be detected by 2-5A-mediated ribosomal RNA cleavage, the activity was identified using a more sensitive novel assay for 2-5A-dependent RNase. In addition, introduction of 2-5A or poly(I) X poly(C) into growth-arrested, interferon-treated cells resulted in some inhibition of protein synthesis. The results indicated that the expression of 2-5A-dependent RNase in NIH 3T3, clone 1 cells is regulated under different physiological conditions and that low levels of 2-5A-dependent RNase were insufficient to significantly inhibit encephalomyocarditis virus replication.
FRP super laminates present unparalleled solutions to old problems (2009)

A new generation of FRP products enable many construction repair and retrofit projects which are not possible with conventional laminates or wet lay-up systems. Professor Mo Ehsani, President of QuakeWrap Inc, discusses the benefits of ‘super laminates.’
Frequency dependence of radio star scintillations (1967)

The amplitude scintillations of the radio flux from Cygnus and Cassiopeia have been studied at discrete frequencies in the VHF-UHF range (30, 63, 113, 228, and 400 Mhz) using a 150-foot and an 84-foot diameter steerable paraboloids, both independently and in an interferometer mode. Data at various combinations of these frequencies have been collected over a period of 3½ years and analyzed to establish the frequency dependence of ionospheric scintillations. For weak scintillations (the higher frequencies during periods of low magnetic activity) the scintillation index is found to be inversely proportional to (frequency)². For lower frequencies and high levels of ionospheric activity, the dependence approaches 1/ƒ. These results agree with predictions based upon a simplified theory of weak scattering in the medium and assuming various combinations of irregularity size and height of the disturbing layer. Measurements made with the two antennas in an interferometer configuration established that the diffraction field was truly random as assumed. Correlation coefficients were obtained for discrete sets of data and a distinction made between weak and strong scattering cases. Irregularity sizes of about 1–2 km were found to be consistent with the bulk of the observations, on the basis of weak scattering theory.
Patient characteristics associated with successful mobilizing and autografting of peripheral blood progenitor cells in malignant lymphoma (1994)

For patients with advanced-stage or poor-prognosis malignant lymphoma, high-dose therapy with peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) support may become a first-line treatment. The duration of severe cytopenia in this setting is inversely related to the number of PBPCs autografted. In a retrospective analysis, we therefore looked for factors influencing the yield of PBPCs in 61 patients (16 with high-grade and 29 with low-/intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL], and 16 with Hodgkin's disease) who received cytotoxic chemotherapy and filgrastim (R-metHuG-CSF, 300 micrograms/d; median, 4.2 micrograms/kg/d; range, 2.7 to 6.6 micrograms/kg/d; subcutaneously). Sixteen patients had active disease, while 45 were in partial remission (PR) or complete remission (CR) after conventional therapy. A median of three leukaphereses (range, one to 10) resulted in a median of 5.7 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg (range, 0.03 to 31.1 x 10(6)). Previous cytotoxic chemotherapy and irradiation adversely affected the yield of CD34+ cells. Each cycle of chemotherapy is associated with an average decrease of 0.2 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg per leukapheresis in nonirradiated patients, while large-field radiotherapy reduces the collection efficiency by an average of 1.8 x 10(6)/kg CD34+ cells. The collection efficiency was also significantly lower in patients with Hodgkin's disease. However, except for one, all had been previously irradiated. In contrast, age, sex, disease status, bone marrow involvement during mobilization, and the time since the last chemotherapy or radiotherapy were not significantly related to the collection efficiency. Following high-dose conditioning therapy, 42 patients were autografted with filgrastim-mobilized PBPCs. Hematological recovery (neutrophils > or = 0.5 x 10(9)/L and an unsupported platelet count > or = 20 x 10(9)/L) within 2 weeks was observed in patients autografted with > or = 2.5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg. In seven patients, the quantity of CD34+ cells reinfused was below this threshold. They required a median of 17 days (range, 11 to 34) and 31 days (range, 13 to 141) for neutrophil and platelet recovery, respectively. If autografting with PBPCs in malignant lymphoma with poor prognosis is being considered, mobilization and harvesting should be planned early after initial diagnosis to avoid exhaustion of hematopoiesis by cumulative toxicity.
Studies on polyester resin paints. IX. (1964)

ポリエステル樹脂の組成にテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸を用いた樹脂の空気硬化性について検討した。(1) ベースレヂンの不飽和酸含有量60モル%近辺で空気硬化の効果は良好であり, この時の共重合熱は最大値を示した。(2) トリメチロールプロパン, グリセロールをベースレヂンの一部に用いると空気硬化性, 表面硬度のすぐれた樹脂が得られる。(3) 空気硬化の効果はMEKパーオキシド・ナフテン酸コバルトのような触媒促進剤系ですぐれている。(4) 赤外線吸収スペクトルより2.92μ (3400cm-1) の吸収変化を追跡し, これより空気硬化機構について考察した。
A Neurologist’s Guide to Acute Migraine Therapy in the Emergency Room (2012)

Migraine is a common reason for visits to the emergency room. Attacks that lead patients to come to the emergency room are often more severe, refractory to home rescue medication, and have been going on for longer. All of these features make these attacks more challenging to treat. The purpose of this article is to review available evidence pertinent to the treatment of acute migraine in adults in the emergency department setting in order to provide neurologists with a rational approach to management. Drug classes and agents reviewed include opioids, dopamine receptor antagonists, triptans, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and sodium valproate.
A new file system with time-based indexing scheme for continuous media streams (2009)

Many embedded systems generate and store multimedia data streams continuously before eventually processing the stored stream at a later time. When the stream is stored in variable bandwidth, additional CPU processing is inevitably involved in locating the exact frame positions corresponding to specific times. In this paper, a new file system with time-based indexing scheme is proposed. This time-based indexing scheme periodically stores the relations between the time and data locations. With this index information, applications can pinpoint the exact frame location corresponding to a given time. To prove the usefulness and effectiveness, we implemented the proposed file system and the indexing scheme on a Linux-based DVR and then compared the performance with that of the ext2 file system.
The Role of Chain Length in Nonergodicity Factor and Fragility of Polymers (2010)

The mechanism that leads to different fragility values upon approaching the glass transition remains a topic of active discussion. Many researchers are trying to find an answer in the properties of the frozen glassy state. Following this approach, we focus here on a previously proposed relationship between the fragility of glass-formers and their nonergodicity factor, determined by inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) in the glass. We extend this molecular liquid study to two model polymers— polystyrene (PS) and polyisobutylene (PIB)—for which we change the molecular weight. Polymers offer the opportunity to change the fragility without altering the chemical structure, just by changing the chain length. Thus, we specifically chose PS and PIB because they exhibit opposite dependences of fragility with molecular weight. Our analysis for these two polymers reveals no unique correlation between the fragility and the nonergodicity parameter. Even after a recently suggested correction for a possible contribution of the β relaxation, the correlation is not restored. We discuss possible causes for the failure of the “fragility−nonergodicity factor” correlation, emphasizing the features that are specific to polymers. We speculate that polymers might have specific contributions to fragility related to the chain connectivity that are absent in nonpolymeric systems.
Robust method of measurement of fundamental frequency by ACLOS: autocorrelation of log spectrum (2002)

Correct and robust measurement of fundamental frequency F/sub 0/ is requested in the analysis of speech sound, speech enhancement systems and analysis synthesis telephony employing F/sub 0/. This article proposes a new method to estimate F/sub 0/ utilizing the autocorrelation function of the log spectrum. This method is named ACLOS (autocorrelation of log spectrum). In this method, the fundamental frequency is estimated from the peak of the autocorrelation function along the frequency axis of the spectral pattern. It means that F/sub 0/ is measured by enhancing the periodic feature of harmonics on the spectrum. Experimental results indicate that ACLOS gives more robust and reasonable pitch information than other methods give.
256 × 256 liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator (1994)

A 256 × 256 pixel spatial light modulator (SLM) is designed and constructed by the use of liquid-crystalon-silicon technology. The device is a binary electrically addressed SLM with a measured zero-order contrast ratio of 70:1 and an imaged contrast ratio of 10:1. The pixel pitch is 21.6 µm, which gives an array size of 5.53 mm. The electronic load time is 43 µs, and the 10%-90% switching time of the liquid crystal is ~75-80 µs at room temperature, which implies a maximum frame rate of ~8.3 kHz. We discuss the design trade-offs that are intrinsic to this type of device and describe how the primary application for the device in an optical correlator influenced the final design.
Low-power implementation of the Bluetooth subband audio codec (2004)

This paper describes a low-power implementation of the Bluetooth subband codec (SBC) for high-fidelity wireless audio. The design uses a configurable weighted overlap-add (WOLA) filterbank coprocessor to implement the analysis and synthesis filterbanks. A new method to convert the two-times over-sampled, complex WOLA subband signals to equivalent critically sampled, real-valued SBC subband signals is presented. The WOLA coprocessor allows for an efficient parallel implementation of the filterbank and quantization portions of the SBC algorithm. Details of the overall system design are also presented, including measurements of power consumption and resource requirements. The final real-time, fixed-point implementation is compared to an off-line floating-point reference and found to produce no audible difference in decoded signal quality.
The Serum Pepsinogen Test as a Predictor of Gastric Cancer (2006)

The authors examined whether a serum pepsinogen test (SPT) based on the combination of the serum pepsinogen I level and pepsinogen I/II ratio is a good predictor of gastric cancer occurrence in a general Japanese population. A total of 2,446 subjects aged > or =40 years were classified into negative, positive, and strong-positive SPT groups and were followed prospectively for 14 years (1988-2002). Compared with that for the negative SPT group (26 men, 10 women), gastric cancer incidence increased significantly for both men (n = 17; age-adjusted hazard ratio = 4.56, 95% confidence interval: 2.42, 8.60) and women (n = 6; age-adjusted hazard ratio = 5.84, 95% confidence interval: 2.00, 17.11) in the strong-positive SPT group. It was also significantly higher in the positive SPT group for men (n = 23; age-adjusted hazard ratio = 3.91, 95% confidence interval: 2.23, 6.86). These associations did not attenuate even after adjustment for other comprehensive risk factors. Stratified analysis revealed significant associations between the SPT and development of intestinal-type gastric cancer as well as of cancer in both Helicobacter pylori-negative and -positive subjects. These findings suggest that the SPT can serve as a predictor of intestinal-type gastric cancer, irrespective of H. pylori infection.
Survey on Incremental Approaches for Network Anomaly Detection (2012)

As the communication industry has connected distant corners of the globe using advances in network technology, intruders or attackers have also increased attacks on networking infrastructure commensurately. System administrators can attempt to prevent such attacks using intrusion detection tools and systems. There are many commercially available signature-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). However, most IDSs lack the capability to detect novel or previously unknown attacks. A special type of IDSs, called Anomaly Detection Systems, develop models based on normal system or network behavior, with the goal of detecting both known and unknown attacks. Anomaly detection systems face many problems including high rate of false alarm, ability to work in online mode, and scalability. This paper presents a selective survey of incremental approaches for detecting anomaly in normal system or network traffic. The technological trends, open problems, and challenges over anomaly detection using incremental approach are also discussed.
Development of Protein‐Labeling Probes with a Redesigned Fluorogenic Switch Based on Intramolecular Association for No‐Wash Live‐Cell Imaging (2012)

Turn on the switch: Fluorogenic probes for protein labeling based on the photoactive yellow protein (PYP) tag were developed. The fluorescence of the probes is turned off by intramolecular association and switched on by the reversal of this interaction upon reaction with the PYP tag that is fused to the protein of interest (POI, see scheme). The rapid and specific labeling reaction enabled the imaging of cell-surface proteins without washing. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.