gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Territory Overlap and Habitat Use of Sympatric Chickadees (1989)

AISTRACT.--We examined territorial relationships of breeding Black-capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus) and Mountain Chickadees (P. gainbell) in the foothills of the Rocky Moun- tains in southwestern Alberta, where the two species are syrupattic in mixed forests of river valleys. Both the minimum convex polygon method and Anderson's (1982) utilization dis- tribution method indicated that territory size did not differ significantly between species. There was no indication of interspecific territoriality, with little intraspecific overlap of territories (0-8%) but considerable interspecific overlap (30-70%). Discriminant function anal- ysis of habitat variables measured on randomly located plots on territories showed no inter- specific differences. However, an analysis that weighted plots by relative use by birds showed a significant difference. Mountain Chickadees used areas with large conifers and dead trees more than did Black-capped Chickadees. Our results indicate that habitat preferences shown by the two species in allopatry persist in sympatry, and that local coexistence is permitted by the mosaic nature of the habitat. Received 11 July 1988, accepted 12 December 1988.
Retinoic acid regulation of renal tubular epithelial and vascular smooth muscle cell function. (1998)

Vitamin A and its derivatives have been postulated to play an important role in renal tubulogenesis and compensatory hypertrophy. This study examined the effects of two carboxylic derivatives of vitamin A on Lewis lung carcinoma-porcine kidney-1 (LLC-PK1) renal tubular epithelial cell mito- and motogenesis and cell size. It was found that all-trans and 13-cis retinoic acids exerted modest, dose-dependent effects to stimulate incorporation of 3H-thymidine into acid-precipitable material of LLC-PK1 cells. The effects of all-trans retinoic acid to promote 3H-thymidine uptake in LLC-PK1 cells modestly enhanced that seen with acidic fibroblastic growth factor. Similar findings of these two retinoic acid derivatives to promote 3H-thymidine uptake and to enhance 3H-thymidine uptake stimulated by another growth factor (platelet-derived growth factor BB) were also observed in cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells. Both retinoic acids promoted healing of denuded areas made within confluent monolayers of serum-starved LLC-PK1 cells. All-trans retinoic acid also stimulated recovery of mechanically denuded areas within bovine aortic smooth muscle monolayers. Neither all-trans nor 13-cis retinoic acids s affected cell size as assessed by forward light scatter with flow cytometry, suggesting lack of effect to induce hypertrophy. These results demonstrate that two carboxylic acid derivatives of vitamin A are capable of stimulation of basal and growth factor-induced incorporation of 3H-thymidine uptake into acid-precipitable material and healing of denuded areas in disparate cell types. These findings are compatible with a role for vitamin A and its analogues in the tissue repair process.
Aids to the Identification of Mole and Shrew Hairs with General Comments on Hair Structure and Hair Determination (1938)

Cecil S. Williams, Aids to the Identification of Mole and Shrew Hairs with General Comments on Hair Structure and Hair Determination, The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Oct., 1938), pp. 239-250
Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Dynamic Characteristics for Piezoceramic Bimorphs (2007)

Piezoceramic bimorph structures have been widely used in recent years as they combine the advantages of different materials. Two thin layers of piezoelectric ceramic are bonded together with the central layer of metal and are electrically connected in parallel and series. The structure produces large strokes with relatively low voltage because of its special bimorph concept. It is necessary to investigate the resonant characteristics of the bimorphs theoretically and experimentally to facilitate the industrial applications. In this study, three experimental techniques are employed to access the resonant characteristics of the bimorphs. These experimental methods are the electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI), laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), and impedance analysis. Finally, numerical computations based on the finite element method are presented and compared with the experimental measurements. Good agreements of resonant frequencies and mode shapes are obtained from the experimental and numerical results.
Metabolism of<i>Eucalyptus</i>Terpenes by Herbivorous Marsupials (1997)

Peer-reviewed
Effects of Conditional IPT-Dependent Cytokinin Overproduction on Root Architecture of Arabidopsis Seedlings (2008)

Cytokinin (CK) has been known to inhibit primary root elongation and suggested to act as an auxin antagonist in the regulation of lateral root (LR) formation. While the role of auxin in root development has been thoroughly studied, the detailed and overall description of CK effects on root system morphology, particularly that of developing lateral root primordia (LRPs), and hence its role in organogenesis is still in progress. Here we examine the effects of conditional endogenous CK overproduction on root architecture and consider its temporal aspect during the early development of Arabidopsis thaliana. We employed the pOp/LhGR system to induce ectopic ipt overexpression with a glucocorticoid dexamethasone at designated developmental points. The transient CaMV 35S>GR>ipt transactivation greatly enhanced levels of biologically active CKs of zeatin (Z)-type and identified a distinct developmental interval during which primary root elongation is susceptible to increases in endogenous CK production. Long-term CK overproduction inhibited primary root elongation by reducing quantitative parameters of primary root meristem, disturbed a characteristic graded distribution pattern of auxin response in LRPs and impaired their development. Our findings indicate the impact of perturbed endogenous CK on the regulation of asymmetric auxin distribution during LRP development and imply that there is cross-talk between auxin and CK during organogenesis in A. thaliana.
New pentafluorothio(SF<sub>5</sub>) alkylsulfonic acids (1989)

New pentafluorothioalkylsulfonic acids, F 5 SCXHCY 2 SO 3 H (X, Y = H, F), and the corresponding salts have been prepared from pentafluorothioalkyl bromides or olefins with sodium sulfite or sodium bisulfite. The compounds are characterized by ir, nmr ( 1 H, 19 F, 13 C), and mass spectra. Keywords: new pentafluorothioalkylsulfonic acids.
Modal decomposition technique for multimode fibers (2012)

We propose a new solution for modal decomposition in multimode fibers, based on a spectral and spatial imaging technique. The appearance of spurious modes in the spectral and spatial processing of the images at the output of the fiber under test when it has more than two modes is demonstrated theoretically. The new method, which allows us to identify spurious modes, is more accurate, simpler, and faster than previously reported methods. For demonstration, measurements in a standard step-index multimode fiber and a small-core microstructured fiber are carried out successfully.
Securinine, a Myeloid Differentiation Agent with Therapeutic Potential for AML (2020)

As the defining feature of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a maturation arrest, a highly desirable therapeutic strategy is to induce leukemic cell maturation. This therapeutic strategy has the potential of avoiding the significant side effects that occur with the traditional AML therapeutics. We identified a natural compound securinine, as a leukemia differentiation-inducing agent. Securinine is a plant-derived alkaloid that has previously been used clinically as a therapeutic for primarily neurological related diseases. Securinine induces monocytic differentiation of a wide range of myeloid leukemia cell lines as well as primary leukemic patient samples. Securinine's clinical potential for AML can be seen from its ability to induce significant growth arrest in cell lines and patient samples as well as its activity in significantly impairing the growth of AML tumors in nude mice. In addition, securinine can synergize with currently employed agents such as ATRA and decitabine to induce differentiation. This study has revealed securinine induces differentiation through the activation of DNA damage signaling. Securinine is a promising new monocytic differentiation inducing agent for AML that has seen previous clinical use for non-related disorders.
On Measuring Social Biases in Sentence Encoders (2019)

Chandler May, Alex Wang, Shikha Bordia, Samuel R. Bowman, Rachel Rudinger. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). 2019.
New perspectives in human stem cell therapeutic research (2009)

Human stem cells are in evaluation in clinical stem cell trials, primarily as autologous bone marrow studies, autologous and allogenic mesenchymal stem cell trials, and some allogenic neural stem cell transplantation projects. Safety and efficacy are being addressed for a number of disease state applications. There is considerable data supporting safety of bone marrow and mesenchymal stem cell transplants but the efficacy data are variable and of mixed benefit. Mechanisms of action of many of these cells are unknown and this raises the concern of unpredictable results in the future. Nevertheless there is considerable optimism that immune suppression and anti-inflammatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells will be of benefit for many conditions such as graft versus host disease, solid organ transplants and pulmonary fibrosis. Where bone marrow and mesenchymal stem cells are being studied for heart disease, stroke and other neurodegenerative disorders, again progress is mixed and mostly without significant benefit. However, correction of multiple sclerosis, at least in the short term is encouraging. Clinical trials on the use of embryonic stem cell derivatives for spinal injury and macular degeneration are beginning and a raft of other clinical trials can be expected soon, for example, the use of neural stem cells for killing inoperable glioma and embryonic stem cells for regenerating beta islet cells for diabetes. The change in attitude to embryonic stem cell research with the incoming Obama administration heralds a new co-operative environment for study and evaluation of stem cell therapies. The Californian stem cell initiative (California Institute for Regenerative Medicine) has engendered global collaboration for this new medicine that will now also be supported by the US Federal Government. The active participation of governments, academia, biotechnology, pharmaceutical companies, and private investment is a powerful consortium for advances in health.
A Modular and digitally programmable interface based on band-pass sigma-delta modulator for mixed-signal systems-on-chip (2005)

O foco desta tese é a descrição e validação de uma arquitetura de interface para processamento de sinais analógicos para SOC de sinais mistos. A abordagem proposta apresenta a possibilidade de cobertura de uma larga faixa de freqüências com performance praticamente constante associada a uma estrutura digital de programação. A premissa é usar uma célula analógica fixa e promover a configuração da aplicação no domínio digital, levando a uma arquitetura de interface de sinais mistos. O emprego de um bloco analógico fixo busca eliminar a perda inerente de performance decorrente da própria estrutura de programação em circuitos reconfiguráveis analógicos. A emprego da programação no domínio digital abre espaço para usos da vasta gama de ferramentas disponíveis para o projeto em alto nível de abstração, simulação e síntese automática para implementar a aplicação alvo com excelente predição do desempenho final. A abordagem proposta baseia-se no conceito de translação em freqüência (mixagem) do sinal de entrada seguida pela sua conversão para o domínio ΣΔ. A estrutura de processamento possibilita o emprego de um bloco analógico constante, e também, um processamento uniforme de sinais de entrada indo de DC até altas freqüências. A aplicação é configurada no domínio ΣΔ onde a performance pode ser predita de acordo com as especificações alvo. Objetivando a exploração do espaço de projeto foi desenvolvido o modelo de performance teórico e de simulação. Os modelos desenvolvidos auxiliam no também no projeto físico da interface proposta. Objetivando, tanto a validação dos modelos propostos, bem como o desenvolvimento de aplicações, foram construídos dois protótipos. São apresentados os usos da interface como um ADC paramétrico multi-banda e como um multiplicador e um somador de sinais analógicos. É proposta também uma arquitetura para uma interface analógica multi-canal. Os resultados experimentais empregados para a caracterização da interface proposta suportam as vantagens da mesma.
Encountering Language and Languages of Encounter in North American Ethnohistory (1996)

On the basis of primary sources and of reviewing recent scholarship on linguistic contact in North America, an ethnohistory of communication is advocated to achieve a greater realism. Central to this framework ought to be conceptual differentiation of speech community, an organization of communicating peoples by regularities of language‐in‐use, and language community, an organization of people by their orientation to structural (formal) norms for denotational coding (whether explicit or implicit). While considering the various parameters of the social organization of languages in North American contact communities, we survey a sample of cases to show their ethnohistorical distinctness from the traditional pidgin‐ and creole‐forming situations, and the basis in contact for the role of indigeneous languages in contemporary ethnic politics of culture.
A Direct HPLC Separation of Wine Phenolics (1994)

A direct HPLC technique that does not require prior purification was developed for the analysis of the phenolic components in red wine and musts. This novel procedure utilizes a ternary HPLC solvent system for effective separation of cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, monitoring at three different wavelengths.
Charge heterogeneity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human liver and breast tissue (1998)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an ubiquitous protein playing various immunological and hormonal roles. Theoretical electrophoretic coordinates calculated from protein sequence in the SWISS-PROT database (AC P14174) are 12 kDa and pI 8.24. Using two-dimensional (2-D) immunoblotting, we have detected isoelectric forms at ca. 11.9 kDa, with pI values of 7.8 and 6.98 in human liver tissue, breast tissue and a cell line and in preparations of human MIF expressed in E. coli. This evidence suggests that MIF charge heterogeneity originates from a post-translational modification not requiring eukaryote-specific enzymes. We have also detected in human liver a minor immunoreactive spot at pI 6.23, which coincides with the MIF spot in the liver map in SWISS-2DPAGE. The pI 6.23 isoform also conceivably derives from post-translational modification, as MIF is known to be encoded in the human genome by a single copy gene.
Chemical synthesis and optical purity determination of optically active 1,2-epoxyindan and alcohol products which are also derived from mammalian or microbial metabolism of indene or indanones (1982)

(+)-trans-2-Bromo-1-hydroxyindan (5) has been resolved into itsenantiomersby preparative h.p.l.c. orfractional crystallization of the bromo-menthyloxy-acetoxydiastereoisomers (6a) and (6b). The bromohydrin (5) or bromo-esters (6a, 6b, and 7) have in turn been converted into (–)-(1R,2S)-1,2-epoxyindan (2), (–)(1R,2R)-trans-1-acetoxy-2-bromoindan (7), (+)-(1S)-indanol (8), (–)-(1R,2R)-trans-indan-1,2-diol (3), and (–)-(1S,2R)-cis-indan-1,2-diol (4). The optical purity of the alcohol products (3), (4), and (8) was determined by n.m.r. and h.p.l.c. analysis of their 2-methoxy-2-phenyl-2-trifluoromethylacetates. The previously unknown optical purity of the chiral alcohols (3), (4), (5), and (8), which had been isolated in earlier mammalian and microbial metabolism studies, has also been deduced.
Aplicaciones de la ingeniería genética y la genómica en enología (2008)

Las técnicas de ingeniería genética han comenzado a aplicarse sobre la vid y las levaduras vínicas. Aunque el objetivo inicial era la optimización del proceso, van abriéndose paso aplicaciones para incrementar la calidad del producto.
A new floating resistor for CMOS technology (1989)

A new floating resistor consisting entirely of MOS devices in saturation has been developed. Linearity within +or-0.04% is achieved through nonlinearity cancellation via current mirrors over an applied voltage range of +or-1 V. The frequency response exceeds 10 MHz, and the resistors are expected to be useful in implementing integrated circuit active RC filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metabolism of neoplastic tissue. V. Fatty acid oxidation in slices of transplanted tumors. (2003)

Summary Slices of transplanted mouse and rat tumors oxidized C 14 -labeled long- and short-chain fatty acids to CO 2 , though at rates generally lower than liver slices. Differences between liver and tumor slices were greater with the short-chain fatty acids, and these differences could be at least partly attributed to a greater inhibitory action of the shortchain acid on the tumor cells. Fatty acid oxidation in tumors, including hepatoma, resembled that of nonhepatic tissues in that it was not associated with ketogenesis. Tumor slices, including hepatoma, also resembled nonhepatic tissue in having a high capacity for acetoacetate oxidation.
Protection against chloroethylnitrosourea cytotoxicity by eukaryotic 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase. (1993)

A eukaryotic 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase gene, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MAG gene, was shown to prevent N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea toxicity. Disruption of the MAG gene by insertion of the URA3 gene increased the sensitivity of S. cerevisiae cells to N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea, and the expression of MAG in glycosylase-deficient Escherichia coli cells protected against the cytotoxic effects of N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea. Extracts of E. coli cells that contain and express the MAG gene released 7-hydroxyethylguanine and 7-chloroethylguanine from N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea-modified DNA in a protein- and time-dependent manner. The ability of a eukaryotic glycosylase to protect cells from the cytotoxic effects of a haloethylnitrosourea and to release N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea-induced DNA modifications suggests that mammalian glycosylases may play a role in the resistance of tumor cells to the antitumor effects of the haloethylnitrosoureas.
Glucocorticoids and asthma (2001)

Bronchial asthma is primarily a chronic inflammatory disease of the bron-chopulmonary airways associated with an intramural infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils, and an excess production of TH2 type cytokines.
Liquid-Liquid Extraction Equipment (2008)

Liquid-liquid extraction (also called solvent extraction) was initially utilized in the petroleum industry beginning in the 1930’s. It has since been utilized in numerous applications including petroleum, hydrometallurgical, pharmaceutical, and nuclear industries. Liquid-liquid extraction describes a method for separating components of a solution by utilizing an unequal distribution of the components between two immiscible liquid phases. In most cases, this process is carried out by intimately mixing the two immiscible phases, allowing for the selective transfer of solute(s) from one phase to the other, then allowing the two phases to separate. Typically, one phase will be an aqueous solution, usually containing the components to be separated, and the other phase will be an organic solvent, which has a high affinity for some specific components of the solution. The process is reversible by contacting the solvent loaded with solute(s) with another immiscible phase that has a higher affinity for the solute than the organic phase. The transfer of solute from one phase into the solvent phase is referred to as extraction and the transfer of the solute from the solvent back to the second (aqueous) phase is referred to as back-extraction or stripping. The two immiscible fluids must be capable of rapidly separating after being mixed together, and this is primarily a function of the difference in densities between
Progressive multi gray-leveling: a voice spam protection algorithm (2006)

As voice over IP gains popularity, it is easy to imagine that Internet hacking and other security problems we currently face with email spam will attack the VoIP environment. In contrast to email protocols represented by SMTP, VoIP does not tolerate any negotiation in its signaling steps or screening content due to the delay limitation. Thus, it is difficult to implement voice spam protection or control algorithms by just mimicking popular email spam protection algorithms. This article proposes a voice spam control algorithm called progressive multi gray-leveling (PMG) that fits in VoIP settings. PMG progressively calculates the "gray level" of a caller and determines whether the call will be connected or blocked based on previous call patterns. Based on experiments, it turns out that PMG can learn a spammer's calling pattern and block massive spam attacks from them effectively
Overview of the ICESat Mission (2005)

The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on the NASA Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) has provided a view of the Earth in three dimensions with unprecedented accuracy. Although the primary objectives focus on polar ice sheet mass balance, the GLAS measurements, distributed in 15 science data products, have interdisciplinary application to land topography, hydrology, vegetation canopy heights, cloud heights and atmospheric aerosol distributions. Early laser life issues have been mitigated with the adoption of 33‐day operation periods, three times per year, designed to document intra‐ and inter‐annual polar ice changes in accordance with mission requirements. A variety of calibration/validation experiments have been executed which show that the elevation products, when fully calibrated, have an accuracy that meets the science requirements. The series of papers in this special ICESat issue demonstrate the utility and quality of the ICESat data.
ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OF HYDROPHILIC AND HYDROPHOBIC FERROFLUID (2009)

High-quality hydrophobic or hydrophilic ferrofluid based on magnetite ( Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles can be synthesized by one-pot direct synthesis which involves thermolysis of Iron(III) acetylacetonate, Fe ( acac ) 3 in hydrophobic or hydrophilic stabilizing agent, respectively. The structure of the nanoparticles dispersed in the ferrofluid was studied using XRD, FTIR, XPS, and TGA analysis, while morphology and size of the nanoparticles were determined by TEM. The magnetic properties of the samples were measured using VSM and SQUID measurement. The results show that oleylamine (OM) and tri(ethylene glycol) (TREG) coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles which are well stabilized in hydrophobic and hydrophilic ferrofluid, respectively, are relatively monodisperse, single crystalline and superparamagnetic in nature with the blocking temperature at around 100 K.