gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow field effect transistors with polarisable interface for EOF tunable microfluidic separation devices (2010)

A method is proposed to control the zeta potential in microchannels using electrically polarisable interfaces in direct contact with the electrolyte. The approach is based on the use of conducting layers exhibiting minimal electrochemical reactions with aqueous electrolytes but a large potential window (typically from -2 V to +2 V) enabling tuning their zeta potential without detrimental faradic reactions. SiC, Al and CN(x) interfaces were deposited on glass surfaces and then integrated into glass-PDMS-glass devices. The effect of the zeta potential control was monitored by measuring the electro-osmotic flow using a microfluidic Wheatstone Bridge. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions based on a one dimensional modeling. The electro-osmotic flow control obtained at high pH values suggests that it should be possible to use such devices as Polarisable Interface Flow-Field Effect Transistors (PI-FFETs) to overcome the difficulties met with conventional metal-isolator-electrolyte systems (MIE-FFETs) for electrokinetic separation applications.
Classification of fungal and bacterial lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (2015)

These results provides an overview of the sequence characteristics and occurrence of the divergent AA9, AA10 and AA11 families and pave the way for systematic investigations of the of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases and for structure-function studies of these enzymes.
Lowering threshold energy for femtosecond laser pulse photodisruption through turbid media using adaptive optics (2011)

Focussed femtosecond laser pulses are applied in ophthalmic tissues to create an optical breakdown and therefore a tissue dissection through photodisruption. The threshold irradiance for the optical breakdown depends on the photon density in the focal volume which can be influenced by the pulse energy, the size of the irradiated area (focus), and the irradiation time. For an application in the posterior eye segment the aberrations of the anterior eye elements cause a distortion of the wavefront and therefore an increased focal volume which reduces the photon density and thus raises the required energy for surpassing the threshold irradiance. The influence of adaptive optics on lowering the pulse energy required for photodisruption by refining a distorted focus was investigated. A reduction of the threshold energy can be shown when using adaptive optics. The spatial confinement with adaptive optics furthermore raises the irradiance at constant pulse energy. The lowered threshold energy allows for tissue dissection with reduced peripheral damage. This offers the possibility for moving femtosecond laser surgery from corneal or lental applications in the anterior eye to vitreal or retinal applications in the posterior eye.
In situ single-atom array synthesis using dynamic holographic optical tweezers (2016)

Establishing a reliable method to form scalable neutral-atom platforms is an essential cornerstone for quantum computation, quantum simulation and quantum many-body physics. Here we demonstrate a real-time transport of single atoms using holographic microtraps controlled by a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. For this, an analytical design approach to flicker-free microtrap movement is devised and cold rubidium atoms are simultaneously rearranged with 2N motional degrees of freedom, representing unprecedented space controllability. We also accomplish an in situ feedback control for single-atom rearrangements with the high success rate of 99% for up to 10 μm translation. We hope this proof-of-principle demonstration of high-fidelity atom-array preparations will be useful for deterministic loading of N single atoms, especially on arbitrary lattice locations, and also for real-time qubit shuttling in high-dimensional quantum computing architectures.
Peptide synthesis. Part 3. Comparative solid-phase syntheses of human β-endorphin on polyamide supports using t-butoxycarbonyl and fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protecting groups (1983)

Solid-phase syntheses of the 31 residue peptide human β-endorphin on polar polyamide supports are described. Minimisation of acidic reaction conditions by replacement of the customary t-butoxycarbonyl and benzyl-based protecting groups by fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl and t-butyl gave a higher yield of purer product.
Innovations in Healthcare: A Reality (2011)

PG2: What is the charter for your new group? RA2: UnitedHealth Group is built on a history of innovations, but we also realize we can improve our ability to bring more value to the market through innovation. We are figuring out the ways we can enable good ideas and new concepts to be nurtured and developed in some new spaces. We are also looking at how we enable everyone across our organization to better contribute to innovation through collaboration. Lastly, we are looking at an enterprise-wide learning and development strategy that is tailored to all functions and roles, and enhance our competencies across the organization.
Electron Capture Dissociation in a Radio Frequency Ion Trap (2004)

We report on the first evidence of electron capture dissociation (ECD) in a radio frequency (rf) ion trap. Peptide ions, [substance P]2+, trapped in a two-dimensional, linear rf ion trap were cleaved by electrons injected along the central axis of the trap. Along the axis, the rf field component was zero and a magnetic field of 50 mT was applied. This electron injection scheme keeps the energy of the electrons below 1 eV, preventing them from heating by the rf field. The present ECD efficiency is approximately 4% by irradiation of electron current of 0.2 microA for 80 ms. ECD in rf traps may open high-throughput and low-cost ECD applications to obtain molecular structure information complementary to collision-induced dissociation.
Dacarbacine (DTIC) versus vaccination with autologous peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma: Results of a prospective-randomized phase III study (2004)

7508 Background: Progress in the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma has been very limited over the last two decades. Vaccination with autologous DC was reported as being able to induce some clinical regression in early clinical phase I/II studies. Methods: Patients with advanced metastatic melanoma, HLA-A1, -A2, -A3, -A24 or -B44 positivity, no brain or bone metastases and any previous systemic chemotherapy were randomised to receive DTIC (850 mg/m2 d1, every 28 days with 4-week intervals (arm A) or intradermal vaccination with autologous peptide-pulsed dendritic cells in 2-week intervals for the first 5 vaccinations and every 4 weeks thereafter (arm B). DC were generated from peripheral blood after leukapheresis and culturing monocytes in-vitro in GM-CSF, IL-4 (d1-d5) and a maturing cytokine cocktail (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and PGE2) on day 6. Matured DC were pulsed subsequently with peptides derived from MAGE-1, MAGE-3, Melan-A, gp100, tyrosinase and influenza proteins as a control depending on the individual HLA-type (d6). Primary study endpoint was objective response to treatment (OR), secondary endpoints included safety, overall and progression-free survival. The planned accrual per arm was set at 119 patients under the basic assumption that the response rate would double from 15 % for treatment with DTIC to 30 % for DC-vaccination to reach significance at 0.05 with 80% power. Results: In the time period between 1/2001 and 6/2003 a total of 108 (intention-to-treat population, ITT; 55 DTIC, 53 DC) patients were randomized from 1 Swiss and 5 German centers with experience in DC generation and therapy. Accrual was halted prematurely by the data monitoring board because data indicated that the study goals could not be achieved. OR (CR+PR) were 5.5% in arm A and 3.8% in arm B, respectively (ITT). There was no statistically significant difference for response, toxicity, overall and progression-free survival between both study arms. Subset analysis indicated a trend for benefical effect of HLA-A2 and a disadvantage for HLA-B44. Conclusion: DC-based vaccination is as poorly active as standard DTIC chemotherapy in metastatic melanoma. Whether further selection of patients and improved DC generation protocols will lead to a statistical benefit remains topic of further studies. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Merix
Availability Models for Protection Techniques of Transport Network Based on ASON Technology (2008)

As the need of network user for high availability is increased, how to access and quantify the availability of networks just becomes a critical issue. This paper deals with the most common protection schemes in ASON (automatic switch optical network) networks, providing for each of them an algebraic formulation of availability analysis. We consider single or multiple link failure scenarios. Availability models are applied to some numerical examples that allow us to compare the different availability degrees granted by each protection technique. The paper highlights some important availability relations between path protection schemes and most relevant network parameters.
Vertical-Cavity Laser-Based Duplex Modules for Distributed Information Systems. (1996)

Abstract : This program is dedicated to developing a low-cost full duplex module coupled to single-mode fiber. This module allows both transmit and receive over a single optical fiber. Using an InGaAsP/InP photodetector at the receiver end, and a single-mode InGaAsP/InP 1300 nm VCSEL as the transmission source. The key new technology in this module is the single-mode 1300 nm VCSEL, which should greatly reduce packaging and manufacturing costs compared to edge-emitting lasers. Although 1300nm room-temperature VCSELs do not exist today, the recent success of 1550nm VCSELs, as demonstrated by OCI and the University of California at Santa Barbara, suggest that 1300 nm VCSELs will work also. In the first two quarters of this program, OCI has investigated several different 1300 nm designs, which we discuss in the body of this report.
Unpreserved lidocaine to control discomfort during cataract surgery using topical anesthesia (1997)

Intraoperative lidocaine is safe and effective in controlling intraoperative discomfort.
Channel Estimation Techniques of SC-FDMA (2007)

Abstract This master thesis investigates several di®erent channel estimation techniques in an SC- FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) system with parameters set according to the standards of 3GPP LTE (3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution). 3GPP LTE is the name given to a project within the 3GPP to improve the mobile phone standard to cope with future requirements. In this thesis, we ¯rst introduce the SC-FDMA system, which is a transmission technique that utilizes single carrier mod- ulation, then ¯ve types of estimators are investigated. Essential to all channel estimatiors is the use of pilot symbols. In the last part we compare the performance of the channel estimation techniques with each other in di®erent environments by analysing their symbol error rates. All simulations are done in a Matlab environment.
Performance Graded (GP) Polymer Modified Asphalts in California (2006)

In 2006 the Performance Graded (PG) system for asphalt cements replaced the Aged Residue (AR) grading system formerly in use. Four polymer modified Performance Based Asphalts (PBA) were retained for interim use until they could be replaced by PG polymer modified (Pg-PM) grades. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) identified appropriate replacement polymer modified grades. This article describes those polymer modified asphalts and in which regions—such as high mountain or desert regions, or where high traffic or heavy loading conditions exist—they should be used. The article also describes the types of polymers, the reason for the addition of polymers, the manufacturing process, and construction issues. The article includes Caltrans specifications for performance graded asphalts effective January 1, 2007.
Therapeutic Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Myeloid Cell Adenosine Receptor A2a Stimulation in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury (2007)

To determine the role of the adenosine receptor A2a in a murine model of LPS-induced lung injury, migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the different compartments of the lung was determined by flow cytometry, microvascular permeability was assessed by the extravasation of Evans blue, and the release of chemotactic cytokines into the alveolar airspace was determined by ELISA. Measurements were performed in wild-type and A2a gene-deficient mice (A2a(-/-)). To differentiate the role of A2a on hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic cells, we created chimeric mice by transfer of bone marrow (BM) between wild-type and A2a(-/-) mice and used mice that lacked A2a expression selectively on myeloid cells (A2a(flox/flox) x LysM-cre). A specific A2a receptor agonist (ATL202) was used to evaluate its potential to reduce lung injury in vivo. In wild-type mice, therapeutic treatment with ATL202 reduced LPS-induced PMN recruitment, and release of cytokines. Pretreatment, but not posttreatment, also reduced Evans blue extravasation. In the BM chimeric mice lacking A2a on BM-derived cells, PMN migration into the alveolar space was increased by approximately 50%. These findings were confirmed in A2a(flox/flox) x LysM-cre mice. ATL202 was only effective when A2a was present on BM-derived cells. A2a agonists may be effective at curbing inflammatory lung tissue damage.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-Related Gastritis and Gastric Ulcer: <i>A Continuum of Progressive Epithelial Degeneration</i> (1992)

One hundred forty-five consecutive gastric biopsy specimens showing colonization by Helicobacter pylori (HP) were studied. Biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with the following conditions: gastric ulcer (GU; 76), active chronic gastritis (ACG; 52), GU with duodenal ulcer (DU; 10), and ACG with DU (7). The mean age of the patients in the ACG group was 8.6 years less than the patients in the GU group. Helicobacter pylori colonization and HP-induced epithelial degeneration (ED) were quantified by a grading system (grades 0 to 6) comprising both focal and global scores for bacterial density (HP grade) and severity of ED (ED grade). The ED grade was directly proportional to the HP grade in all biopsy specimens. Gastric ulcer biopsy specimens were associated with higher HP grades: HP grade more than 5 in 25 cases (32.9%) and ED grade more than 5 in 18 cases (23.6%) of GU compared with similar respective scores in 9 cases (17.9%) and 2 cases (3.8%) of ACG. The difference was due primarily to a higher global score of bacterial density and higher focal score of ED in the GU biopsy specimens. These results support the hypothesis that HP-positive ACG and HP-positive GU are lesions within a single disease spectrum. Heavy HP colonization and severe HP-induced epithelial damage are predisposing factors in ulcerogenesis. Because HP-positive ACG is probably a preulcerative state, eradication of the bacteria in HP-positive ACG might prevent subsequent GU.
Complete nucleotide sequences of hepatitis B virus genomes associated with epidemic fulminant hepatitis (1996)

Pre-core/core mutants are frequently observed in patients with fulminant hepatitis. To investigate the extent of molecular characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes implicated in the development of fulminant hepatitis, full-length HBV genomes were sequenced directly from sera of two patients with epidemic fatal fulminant hepatitis, after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. These two genomes, of 3215 nucleotides, were 99.6% identical, indicating that a common source of HBV potentially caused fulminant hepatitis. Thirty unique nucleotide mutations were commonly found in the two entire HBV genomes. Three were located in the stem-loop structure, changing this element to a more stable structure. Twenty-five unique amino acid substitutions were found in each open reading frame, except for the X and pre-surface 2 genes. One was located in the pre-surface 1 gene; two were in the surface gene; three were in the pre-core gene, including codons 28 (tryptophan to stop codon) and 29 (glycine to aspartic acid); eight were in the core gene; and 11 were in the polymerase gene. The pre-core mutations at codons 28 and 29 were common to the two HBV strains reported previously in patients with epidemic fulminant hepatitis. Thus, HBV genomes associated with epidemic fatal fulminant hepatitis have numerous unique mutations, located mainly in the polymerase gene, as well as the pre-core/core gene, including mutations in the stem-loop structure of the pregenome encapsidation signal sequence. These mutations may be associated with the development of fulminant hepatitis.
Speech Recognition Using the Energy and VQ (2007)

In this paper, the performance of the speech recognition and speaker adaptation methods are studied. The speech recognition using energy state and VQ(Vector Quantization) is suggested and the speaker adaptation methods(Maximum a posteriori probability estimation, linear specrum estimation) are considered. The experimental results show that recognition ration using energy state is 2-3 % better than that of general VQ.
Sialosyl‐Le<sup>x</sup> expression defines invasive and metastatic properties of bladder carcinoma (2002)

SLe(x) expression in primary bladder carcinoma, defined by the mAb SNH3, is a predictor of invasive and metastatic outcome. No other carbohydrate epitope examined to date has equal prognostic value.
Product development stages and associated quality managementapproaches (1995)

Summarizes the quality control methods and techniques developed over the last five decades and categorizes them into three broad approaches, each identified with three broadly‐defined product development stages. Observes that the quality management approaches developed and applied to assess and improve product quality have followed the opposite sequence of the product development stages.
Synthesis of new carbosilane dendrimers with hydrophilic end-groups. Polyols (1999)

The synthesis and characterization of a series of four-, eight-, 16-, and 32-arm carbosilane dendrimers are reported. The four-arm dendrimer was synthesized via the reaction of silicon tetrachloride with a primary organomagnesium compound. The other dendrimers were obtained through an efficient hydrosilylation of polyolefinic dendritic cores with functionalized alkylhydrosilanes. The latter reaction holds promise for the synthesis of larger generation carbosilanes with various hydrophilic end-groups. These compounds should find use as multifunctional anionic initiators for the synthesis of dendrimer-polymer hybrids.
Perspectives for Applications of Quantum Imaging (2019)

Abstract Quantum imaging is a multifaceted field of research that promises highly efficient imaging in extreme spectral ranges as well as ultralow‐light microscopy. Since the first proof‐of‐concept experiments over 30 years ago, the field has evolved from highly fascinating academic research to the verge of demonstrating practical technological enhancements in imaging and microscopy. Here, the aim is to give researchers from outside the quantum optical community, in particular those applying imaging technology, an overview of several promising quantum imaging approaches and evaluate both the quantum benefit and the prospects for practical usage in the near future. Several use case scenarios are discussed and a careful analysis of related technology requirements and necessary developments toward practical and commercial application is provided.
Terrylenimides: New NIR Fluorescent Dyes (1997)

Terrylenimides 3 and 4 represent a new class of blue colorants, exhibiting absorption maxima at 650 to 700 nm and fluorescence emissions in the NIR region (673 to 750 nm). The terrylenimides were synthesized by means of various organometallic coupling reactions, catalyzed by transition metal complexes (Ni(o) , Pd(o) ) and starting from the aromatic bromides, boronic acids, or organotin compounds. The terrylenimides have all the properties expected of excellent fluorescent dyes: high extinction coefficients, high fluorescence quantum yields, and very good thermal, chemical, and photochemical stabilities. Owing to its extended π system, 3 can reversibly accept four negative charges. By varying the substituents, 3 and 4 can be modified to serve either as soluble dyes or as insoluble pigments.
Chemicals Tested as Space Repellents Against Yellow-Fever Mosquitoes I. Esters1 (1967)

A total of 242 esters were tested for effectiveness as space repellents by applying them to netting with openings large enough to allow yellow-fever mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (L.). to pass through, and determining the number of days the netting prevented passage of more than 10% of the mosquitoes to a human arm. The 5 compounds that were effective more than 100 days were: dipentyl, diisopentyl, and bis (1-methylbutyl) malate, hexyl p-isopropylmandelate, and bis (2-ethylhexyl) fumarate. Esters with a hydroxyl group appeared to be more effective than those without this group.
The differentiation‐related gene 1, <i>Drg1</i>, is markedly upregulated by androgens in LNCaP prostatic adenocarcinoma cells (1999)

A differential display technique was used to identify androgen-regulated genes in LNCaP prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. One of the genes markedly upregulated by androgens proved to be identical to differentiation-related gene 1 (Drg1; also described as RTP, Cap43 and rit42), a gene whose expression has recently been shown to be diminished in colon, breast and prostate tumors. We show that Drg1 is abundantly expressed in the (androgen-exposed) human prostate and that its expression is stimulated some 14-fold in androgen-treated LNCaP cells. The ligand specificity of the induction reflects the altered specificity of the mutated androgen receptor in LNCaP. In androgen receptor negative tumor lines basal expression is slightly higher than in LNCaP but inducibility is absent. These data suggest that Drg1 is a novel marker of androgen-induced differentiation in the human prostate.
암성통증에 대한 지주막하 10% Phenol - Glycerine 차단 (1988)

Since 1979 forty-three cancer patients have been given intrathecal block at the pain clinic of Yonsei Medical Center. The male patients numbered 23 and female 20 and most of them were in the 4th and 5th decades of age. 
In 78.6% of the patients, the diagnosis was rectal cancer in 20 cases, cervix cancer in 7 cases, bladder cancer in 4 cases and colon cancer in 3 cases. 
Thirty six patients with cancer pain were treated by intrathecal 10% phenol-glycerine block and rest of them had only test block. 
Fourteen patients whose pain sites were lumbar or lumbar and upper sacral dermatomes were put into the lateral recumbent position on the fluoroscopic table. The spinal puncture was performed as close to the spinal roots to be impregnated as possible. In 22 patients the pain sites were covered by the sacral dermatomes and so the L5-Sl interspace was punctured in the sitting position shifted 15 degree to the affected site. 
Fifty one blocks were performed and their results are classified into three categories: good, fair and poor. We achieved good results in 38 patients(77. 1% ), fair in 6 patients(17. 1%) and poor in 2 patient(5. 7%), Thus a satisfactory pain relief was achieved in 94.2% of patients. After intrathecal block with phenol glycerine, transient voiding difficulty was noted in 7, defe- cation difficulty in 1, and transient paresthesia and/or muscle weakness was present in 3 patients. 
The mean duration of pain relief was 2.5 months and longer than the mean survival time of 2.25 months. 
when patients are selected carefully and the block is performed with great caution and good technique, the risk is minimal and a long lasting relief of intractable cancer pain achieves a painless life until death.