gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of human papillomavirus 16 DNA and genomic rearrangements in immortalized human keratinocyte lines. (1990)

Five foreskin-derived keratinocyte lines, immortalized by transfection of human papillomavirus (HPV16) DNA, were cytogenetically abnormal, exhibiting numerical deviations and altered chromosomes due to translocations, deletions, achromatic lesions, or partial duplications. Furthermore, all lines had cells with either homogeneously staining regions or double minute chromosomes, alterations associated with malignancy or drug resistance. None of these lines were tumorigenic in nude mice, showing that such alterations which are a manifestation of DNA amplification also occur in nonneoplastic cells. By in situ chromosome hybridization, viral sequences were identified on abnormal chromosomes at the junction of chromosome translocations, at achromatic lesions and within homogeneously staining regions and duplicated chromosome segments. Thus, for the first time in an experimental system, HPV16 integration into the cellular genome was associated with the induction of a subset of chromosome alterations. HPV16 integration that frequently occurred at fragile sites and near protooncogenes may be a critical alteration which confers a selective growth advantage and an indefinite proliferative potential to HPV-transfected cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Vanadia Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Role of adenylate kinase in the regulation of macromolecular biosynthesis in a putative mutant of Escherichia coli defective in membrane phospholipid biosynthesis (1975)

The regulation of macromolecular biosynthesis was studied in a temperature-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli previously identified as containing a single mutation causing a thermolabile sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, the first enzyme of the pathway for phospholipid biosynthesis. When this mutant was shifted to a nonpermissive temperature, phospholipid synthesis, as well as ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, and protein synthesis, decreased in a coordinate manner, suggesting the existence of a common regulatory mechanism. During the same time that the rate of macromolecular synthesis was decreasing at the nonpermissive temperature, the intracellular concentration of adenosine 5'-triphosphate dropped dramatically and the concentration of adenosine monophosphate increased. The concentration of adenosine 5'-diphosphate dropped, but not as markedly. The decrease in macromolecular synthesis and the changes in the adenine nucleotide concentrations can now be attributed to a thermolabile adenylate kinase. The inactivation of adenylate kinase prevented the cell from converting adenosine 5'-monophosphate to adenosine 5'-diphosphate and consequently from making adenosine 5'-triphosphate. This in turn caused a decrease in the rate of macromolecular synthesis and cell growth. Adenylate kinase, therefore, is a key enzyme in controlling the rate of cell growth. The nature of the possible relationship between adenylate kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase is discussed.
Scene illumination classification using illumination histogram analysis and neural network (2013)

This study proposed a classification method to classify the considered image in the most similar illumination cluster rather than estimating an illumination value. This method categorizes the images based on inherent illumination data of scene and statistical features extracted from illumination histogram of image. It has advantages of high accuracy and flexibility of defining the classes. A trained neural network is taken into account in order to classify the image into predefined groups. Finally, for performance and accuracy evaluation we use misclassification error percentages and Mean Square Error (MSE).
Olivanic acid analogues. Part 3. Total synthesis of C(6α)-methoxy-substituted 7-oxo-1 -azabicyclo[3.2.0] hept-2-ene-2-carboxylates (1985)

The reaction of the dianion of 4-allylazetidin-2-one with oxygen gave hydroxylation at the C(3)-position. This intermediate has been converted via the phosphorane (9) into the 6α-methoxyaza-bicycloheptene (13), which was subsequently functionalised with a C(3)-ethylthio substituent. Since the sodium salt corresponding to ester (14) is unstable, the biologically hydrolysable phthalidyl ester (15) was prepared.
Use of flow cytometry in the measurement of cell mitotic cycle (1986)

Variations in many cellular characteristics during the cell cycle can be analyzed simply and directly by flow cytometry. Using multiparameter analysis of DNA content, RNA content, cell size and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation, it is now possible to define cells' positions in the cell cycle with a precision previously unimaginable. It is also possible, by using the sorting function of the flow cytometer, to separate populations in different phases of the cell cycle for biological and biochemical studies. This review describes the technical aspects of flow cytometric instrumentation, DNA staining procedures, and the cytometric applications of both in cell cycle analysis including some of the more innovative, new approaches with antibody against BrdUrd.
Loss of heterozygosity at 11q22 correlates with low progesterone receptor content in epithelial ovarian cancer. (1995)

Forty-seven epithelial ovarian cancers were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at D11S35 (11q22), close to the progesterone receptor (PR) gene, and for tumoral estrogen receptor (ER) and PR content. Thirty-eight of 47 tumors were informative, and, of these, 14 exhibited LOH. There was a significant association (P = 0.014) between D11S35 LOH and low tumoral PR content. For all informative tumors, there was no correlation between ER and PR; however, exclusion of tumors with LOH from the informative series revealed a linear correlation between tumoral ER and PR (P = 0.013), and established ER (P = 0.025) and PR (P = 0.05) content as significant factors in relation to patient survival. Patients with ER-rich tumors with D11S35 LOH had particularly poor survival compared with ER-rich, D11S35 heterozygous, no loss patients (P = 0.014). Analysis of the same tumors using two other microsatellites, D11S935 (11p13) and NM23 (17q22), showed no statistically significant relationships, although there were nonsignificant trends for the correlation of ER and PR expression in informative tumors without allele loss at these loci. We propose that genomic structural alteration at or close to the PR gene locus has biological and clinical sequelae in ovarian cancer.
Birefringence control using stress engineering in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides (2005)

We demonstrate that stress engineering is an effective tool to modify or eliminate polarization dispersion in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide devices, for a wide range of waveguide cross-section shapes and dimensions. The stress-induced effects on the modal birefringence of SOI waveguides are investigated numerically and experimentally. Finite-element simulations show that while the birefringence of ridge waveguides with both slanted and vertical sidewalls can be effectively modified using cladding stress, the birefringence becomes much less sensitive to dimension fluctuations with decreasing sidewall slope. To efficiently simulate the stress-induced effects we propose a normalized plane-strain model which can achieve comparable accuracy as a fully generalized plane-strain model but requires significantly less computational resources. Excellent agreement is achieved between the calculated and measured birefringence tuning using SiO/sub 2/ cladding induced stress. Finally, both calculations and experiments confirm that cladding induced stress can be used to eliminate the birefringence in SOI waveguides of arbitrary shapes, for typical SiO/sub 2/ film stress values (/spl sigma//sub film//spl ap/-100 to -300 MPa) and cladding thicknesses of the order of 1 /spl mu/m or less.
Meter placement impact on distribution system state estimation (2013)

This paper discusses the criteria that must be considered for the placement of new measurements in distribution networks in order to obtain the best state estimation performances. A better network state monitoring will improve all the other network management tasks. The impacts of the measurement device placement on the state estimation accuracy and on the bad data detection capabilities are illustrated. To ease the comparison of different measurement sets, a visualization method of the expected performances of the state estimator is presented. The paper finally gives measurement placement recommendations based from a literature review and our experience gained from simulations.
The Inactivation of Chymotrypsin by Diphenylcarbamyl Chloride and Its Reactivation by Nucleophilic Agents<sup>*</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Inactivation of Chymotrypsin by Diphenylcarbamyl Chloride and Its Reactivation by Nucleophilic Agents*Bernard F. Erlanger, A. G. Cooper, and William CohenCite this: Biochemistry 1966, 5, 1, 190–196Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00865a025https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00865a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resolvins and protectins: mediating solutions to inflammation (2009)

Resolution of inflammation has historically been viewed as a passive process, occurring as a result of the withdrawal of pro-inflammatory signals, including lipid mediators such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins. Thus, most anti-inflammatory drugs have traditionally targeted primarily mediator pathways that are engaged at the onset of inflammation. Only recently has it been established that inflammation resolution is an active process with a distinct set of chemical mediators. Several clinical and epidemiological studies have identified beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for a variety of inflammatory diseases, yet without mechanistic explanations for these beneficial effects. Resolvins and protectins are recently identified molecules that are generated from omega-3 PUFA precursors and can orchestrate the timely resolution of inflammation in model systems. Dysregulation of pro-resolving mediators is associated with diseases of prolonged inflammation, so designing pharmacological mimetics of naturally occurring pro-resolving mediators offers exciting new targets for drug design. This review describes the discovery and synthesis of these novel lipid mediators, their receptors and mechanisms of action, and summarizes the studies to date that have uncovered roles for resolvins and protectins in disease states.
The use of mediation and ontology technologies for software component information retrieval (2001)

Component Based Developed aims at constructing software through the inter-relationship between pre-existing components. However, these components should be bound to a specific application domain in order to be effectively reused. Reusable domain components and Their related documentation are usually stored in a great variety of data sources. Thus, a possible solution for accessing this information is to use a software layer that integrates different component information sources. We present a component information integration data layer, based on mediators. Through mediators, domain ontology acts as a technique/formalism for specifying ontological commitments or agreements between component users and providers, enabling more accurate software component information search.
AN ELECTRONIC SENSOR TO CHARACTERIZE TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF NOZZLE INJECTION FOR PESTICIDE SPRAYING (2005)

An electronic sensor was developed to characterize the transient response of a two-fluid mixture spray emissioncreated by injecting a pulse of concentrated solution into a carrier fluid within a spray nozzle. The test situation simulatedan intermittent, at-nozzle chemical injection system for spraying of distinct targets. The principle of sensor operation wasmeasurement of the electrical resistance of an element of the emitted fluid created by injecting a concentrated sodium chloridesolution into a water carrier. The sensor was initially calibrated with steady-state flow of carrier liquid over a range of 10to 1500 ppm NaCl concentration. The high temporal response of the sensor provided measurement of the transientconcentration of injected NaCl solution during brief (10 to 100 ms) injection events into the steady-state flow of the carrierliquid. The accuracy and transient response were quantified by comparing the volume of injected salt solution as determinedby integrating the instantaneous concentration over the measured event with a direct volumetric measurement of the injectedvolume. Excellent agreement between volume measurements of injection and predicted injection volumes was found,validating sensor use for injection studies. The relatively simple sensor design provides the accuracy and high-frequencyresponse necessary for at-nozzle injection studies.
Metal Binding Specificity in Carbonic Anhydrase Is Influenced by Conserved Hydrophobic Core Residues (1999)

The role of highly conserved aromatic residues surrounding the zinc binding site of human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in determining the metal ion binding specificity of this enzyme has been examined by mutagenesis. Residues F93, F95, and W97 are located along a beta-strand containing two residues that coordinate zinc, H94 and H96, and these aromatic amino acids contribute to the high zinc affinity and slow zinc dissociation rate constant of CAII [Hunt, J. A., and Fierke, C. A. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 20364-20372]. Substitutions of these aromatic amino acids with smaller side chains enhance the copper affinity (up to 100-fold) while decreasing the affinity of both cobalt and zinc, thereby altering the metal binding specificity up to 10(4)-fold. Furthermore, the free energy of the stability of native CAII, determined by solvent-induced denaturation, correlates positively with increased hydrophobicity of the amino acids at positions 93, 95, and 97 as well as with cobalt and zinc affinity. Conversely, increased copper affinity correlates with decreased protein stability. Zinc specificity is therefore enhanced by formation of the native enzyme structure. These data suggest that the hydrophobic cluster in CAII is important for orienting the histidine residues to stabilize metals bound with a distorted tetrahedral geometry and to destabilize the trigonal bipyramidal geometry of bound copper. Knowledge of the structural factors that lead to high metal ion specificity will aid in the design of metal ion biosensors and de novo catalytic sites.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Temperature Phase Relations in the System Y2O3‐Ta2O5 (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Energy storage in drive systems of servo presses for reduction of peak power and energy recovery (2016)

The development approach for energy storage systems focuses on optimally sized capacitor modules to reduce peak power and to avoid energy recovery of production machines. Using servo presses as an example, the application of two different energy storage systems in the DC link is practically examined. A simulation model in Matlab/Simulink and a test stand of a servo press are proposed for representing the power flows between the mains supply, the electric drives and the storage systems. The description of forming machines and the behaviour of the electric components are used to control the amount of stored energy in a storage system and to influence the process regarding a reduction of peak power.
Modeling background activity for behavior subtraction (2008)

The detection of events that differ from what is considered normal is, arguably, the most important task for camera-based surveillance. Clearly, the definition of normal behavior differs from one application to another, and, therefore, approaches to its detection differ as well. In the case of intrusion monitoring, simple motion detection may be sufficient, such as based on background luminance/color modeling. However, in more complex scenarios, such as the detection of abandoned luggage, more advanced approaches have been developed, often relying on object path modeling. In this paper, we describe a new model for representing normality. Our model, that we call a behavior image, is low-dimensional and based on dynamics of luminance/color profiles, however it does not require explicit estimation of object paths. The process of estimating visual abnormality is then a simple comparison of training and observed behavior images, that we call behavior subtraction. We describe a new practical implementation of our model that is based on average activity. It is easy to program and requires little processing power and memory. Moreover, it is robust to motion detection errors, such as those resulting from parasitic background motion (e.g., heavy rain/snow, camera jitter). Most importantly, however, the method is not content-specific, and, therefore, is applicable to the monitoring of humans, cars or other objects in both uncluttered and highly-cluttered scenes. We support these claims by including various experimental results, from urban traffic, through sport scenes to natural environment.
A Nanostructured Honeycomb Carbon Anode (2003)

We have been investigating a general template-based method for preparing nanostructured Li-ion battery electrodes. We have shown that these nanostructured electrodes have improved rate capabilities relative to thin-film control electrodes composed of the same material. Improved rate capabilities are observed because the high-rate capacity obtained from -insertion materials is limited by slow solid-state transport in the electrode material, and the nanostructured electrodes decrease the distance that must diffuse in the solid state. We describe here an alternative type of nanostructured electrode material, a honeycomb carbon anode that consists of a thin carbon film containing an ordered array of monodispersed nanoscopic pores. This honeycomb carbon anode shows a low-rate discharge capacity of 325 mA hg−1, close to that of graphite. At high discharge rates (10 C), the honeycomb anode, delivers 50 times the capacity of a thin-film control anode that did not contain the honeycomb of nanopores. Improved rate capabilities are obtained because penetration of solvent and electrolyte into the pore structure of the honeycomb anode insures that the distance must diffuse in the solid state is smaller than in the thin-film control electrode. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Anti-inflammatory activity of nerve growth factor in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: inhibition of monocyte transendothelial migration (2001)

In order to analyze a putative immunomodulatory effect of NGF in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) of the Lewis rat, we transduced myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific CD4(+) T cells with a recombinant retrovirus encoding NGF. These T(MBP)NGF cells secreted high levels of NGF, along with an unaltered Th1-like cytokine pattern. Transfer studies showed that T(MBP)NGF cells were unable to mediate clinical EAE, when transferred alone, and, more important, they efficiently suppressed induction of clinical EAE by non-transduced MBP-specific T cells (T(MBP )cells). In contrast, NGF transduced ovalbumin-specific T cells, which secreted high NGF levels, did not affect EAE induction. Suppression of clinical EAE by T(MBP)NGF cells was associated with a general reduction of inflammatory CNS infiltrates, with a most pronounced decrease of the monocyte/macrophage component. Using a culture model of the endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB), we found that NGF directly acts on blood-derived monocytes via the p75 NGF receptor, thus interfering with monocyte migration through the activated BBB endothelium. Our data establish NGF as an anti-inflammatory mediator interfering with T cell mediated autoimmune disease in the CNS. They further point to monocyte migration through blood vascular endothelium as one possible mechanism of NGF action.
Viral antigen presentation and MHC assembly. (1992)

Viruses and other intracellular pathogens represent a unique challenge to the vertebrate immune system. To deal with this problem of intracellular invasion the immune system has developed an elegant strategy to mark virally infected cells. This review discusses current issues relating to the cell biology of MHC molecule assembly and antigen presentation events from the standpoint of viruses and anti-viral immunity.
A Method for Selecting the Bin Size of a Time Histogram (2007)

The time histogram method is the most basic tool for capturing a time dependent rate of neuronal spikes. Generally in the neurophysiological literature, the bin size that critically determines the goodness of the fit of the time histogram to the underlying spike rate has been subjectively selected by individual researchers. Here, we propose a method for objectively selecting the bin size from the spike count statistics alone, so that the resulting bar or line graph time histogram best represents the unknown underlying spike rate. For a small number of spike sequences generated from a modestly fluctuating rate, the optimal bin size may diverge, indicating that any time histogram is likely to capture a spurious rate. Given a paucity of data, the method presented here can nevertheless suggest how many experimental trials should be added in order to obtain a meaningful time-dependent histogram with the required accuracy.