gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of electrochemical etch-stop for high-precision thickness control of silicon membranes (1989)

A method is described to control the thickness of single-crystal silicon membranes, fabricated by wet anisotropic etching. The technique of an electrochemical etch-stop on an epitaxial layer is used to yield better thickness control over the silicon membranes (+or-0.2 mu m s.d.) and hence improve the reproducibility of piezoresistive pressure sensors. The output characteristics of such sensors are compared with previously fabricated pressure sensors not utilizing accurate control over membrane thickness. The benefits of the etch-stop approach become apparent when reductions in the pressure-sensitivity variations are considered. Without etch-stop, the sensitivity on one wafer varied by a factor of two from one sensor to the other. With etch-stop, the pressure sensitivity of devices fabricated on the same wafer can be controlled to within +or-4% s.d.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
IL-10 improves lung injury and survival in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia (1997)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent Gram-negative pathogen causing nosocomial pneumonia. Four different strains of P. aeruginosa (including three isogenic transposon mutants) were utilized in experiments in mice to characterize the specific patterns of cytokine generation in response to bacterial products and cytotoxicity. Intratracheal instillation of any of the strains led to the up-regulation of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha mRNA. Instillation of the cytotoxic strains (PA103, PA103tox::omega) led to IL-10 mRNA up-regulation in the lungs and increased concentrations of IL-10 in the blood. In contrast, the instillation of the noncytotoxic strains (PA01, PA103exsA::omega) did not lead to an increase in IL-10 mRNA in the lungs or to an increase of IL-10 concentration in blood. IL-10 production appears to be a response to either cellular injury or to specific cytotoxic exoproducts produced by the bacteria. The systemic administration of rIL-10 significantly decreased the lung injury and the mortality in mice who had received the cytotoxic strains. The improvement in survival induced by administration of rIL-10 required the concomitant presence of IFN-gamma, as blockade of IFN-gamma with a neutralizing Ab led to 100% mortality, despite the administration of rIL-10. These results suggest that IL-10 is produced in response to specific bacterial products and that there is a potential role for IL-10 in the treatment of cytotoxic P. aeruginosa pneumonia.
Studies on Antiseptics for Foodstuff. LXXIII. Studies on 3-Halogeno-4-hydroxybenzoic Acid Esters, 4-Alkylresorcinol, 4-Arylresorcinol, 5-Alkyl-2, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 5-Alkyl-3-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-Aryl-6-chlororesorcinol and Phenylaminothioformic Acid Esters as a Preservative for Sake (1972)

Antibacterial tests against Hiochi bacteria (Bacillus saprogenes) of Japanese Sake were carried out on 36 kinds of methyl to octyl esters of 3-chloro-, 3-bromo- and 3-iodo-4-hydroxybenzoic acids. It was thereby found that the antibacterial activity increased with increasing number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain composing the ester group, and introduction of one halogen also increased the original activity. For example, the activity of butyl 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzoate was about 4 times that of butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate and ca. 8-16 times that of salicylic acid ; activity of butyl 3-iodo-4-hydroxybenzoate was ca. 8 times that of butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate and ca. 16-32 times that of salicylic acid. Effect of halogens in increasing the antibacterial activity increased approximately in the order of iodine, bromine and chlorine. In 6 kinds of 4-alkylresorcinol series, antibacterial activity also increased with increasing number of carbons in the alkyl chain, and the activity of 4-heptylresorcinol showed ca. 60 times that of salicylic acid and ca. 30 times that of butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate. Introduction of one formyl group into 4-alkylresorcinol resulted in doubling of the antibacterial activity, 5-heptyl-2, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde showing about 125 times the activity of salicylic acid and about 62 times that of butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate. Introduction of one chlorine also increased the antibacterial activity per test tube. In phenylaminothioformic acid esters also, increasing size of the alkyl group in the esters resulted in increasing antibacterial activity, butyl phenylaminothioformate showing about 30 times the activity of salicylic acid and about 15 times that of butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate.
It Isn’t Your Father’s Realtime Anymore (2006)

Isn’t it a shame the way the term realtime has become so misused? I’ve noticed a slow devolution since 1982, when realtime systems became the main focus of my research, teaching, and consulting. Over these past 20-plus years, I have watched my beloved realtime become one of the most overloaded, overused, and overrated terms in the lexicon of computing. Worse, it has been purloined by users outside of the computing community and has been shamelessly exploited by marketing opportunists. Adding to the humiliation, there is not even consistency of spelling: it variously appears as realtime (ACM Queue’s style preference), real-time (the author’s style preference), or real time.
Current Trends in the Integration and Reimbursement of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by Managed Care, Insurance Carriers, and Hospital Providers (1997)

Consumer demand for CAM is motivating more insurers and hospitals to assess the benefits of incorporating CAM. Outcomes studies for both allopathic and CAM therapies are needed to help create a health care system based upon treatments that work, whether they are mainstream, complementary, or alternative.
Mechanism of thermokinetical selection between carbon nanotube and fullerene-like nanoparticle formation (2002)

Open edge stability of carbon nanotube growth is suggested to depend on kinetically defined competition between pentagon and hexagon formation. Nanotube growth is possible when the time of hexagon formation, determined by the surface diffusion flux to the growth edge (proportional to carbon vapor pressure), is much lower than that of pentagon formation, which depends on the temperature. The competition of pentagon/hexagon formation at the growth edge together with thermal effects of condensation heat release and heat dissipation by radiation and collisions with inert gas (He), is shown to define selection between nanotube nucleus evolution into (i) continuous nanotube growth or (ii) fullerene- or cage-like nanoparticle formation. The involvement of catalyst nanoparticles enhances the formation of nanotubes by enhancing growth edge stability against pentagon formation under pressure-temperature conditions at which the open edge would otherwise become unstable closing nucleus into the fullerene-like nanoparticle.
Polyribosomes from Peas (1975)

Attempts were made to isolate and characterize the total population of free and membrane-bound polysomes from the elongating region of dark-grown pea stems (Pisum sativum L.). Partial separation of free from membrane-bound polysomes was achieved by relatively low speed centrifugation of the homogenate. Complete separation was not achieved. Based on analysis of the rRNA content of various subcellular fractions, fractionated tissue yielded greater than 95% of the rRNA found in whole tissue. Approximately 45% of the ribosomal material was membrane-bound (released by detergent) and was found in the "wall" (13%), the "nuclear" pellet (2%), and the "mitochondrial" pellet (29%). The remaining 55%, consisting primarily of free polysomes, could be recovered free from membranous material by sedimentation through a dense (700 mg/ml) sucrose pad for 90 hours. The advantages and disadvantages of using sucrose pads for the separation of free and membrane-bound polysomes are discussed.
Relationships between Cholesterol, Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the PAQUID Study (2000)

This study assesses the cross-sectional relationship between serum cholesterol level and dementia, controlling for apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype, in a nested case-control study of 334 elderly French subjects aged 73 and over who participated in the PAQUID study (37 demented subjects and 297 nondemented controls). A diagnosis of dementia was established by two-step screening: (1) psychometric testing and DSM-III-R criteria and (2) neurologist's confirmation. Cholesterol, its fractions and apoE genotype were determined from a blood sample. Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with a significantly decreased risk of dementia, independent of apoE status and other potential confounding variables, suggesting that cholesterol fractions could be involved in both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.
Active compression-decompression. A new method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Working Group (1992)

ACD CPR is a simple manual technique that improved cardiopulmonary circulation in 10 patients during cardiac arrest. Although ACD CPR may have produced a return of spontaneous circulation in three patients refractory to standard measures, its impact on survival when used early in cardiac arrest remains to be determined.
Microbial evolution in vivo and in silico: methods and applications (2012)

Microbial evolution has been extensively studied in the past fifty years, which has lead to seminal discoveries that have shaped our understanding of evolutionary forces and dynamics. It is only recently however, that transformative technologies and computational advances have enabled a larger in-scale and in-depth investigation of the genetic basis and mechanistic underpinnings of evolutionary adaptation. In this review we focus on the strengths and limitations of in vivo and in silico techniques for studying microbial evolution in the laboratory, and we discuss how these complementary approaches can be integrated in a unifying framework for elucidating microbial evolution.
Transcriptional interaction between retroviral long terminal repeats (LTRs): mechanism of 5' LTR suppression and 3' LTR promoter activation of c-myc in avian B-cell lymphomas (1992)

Chicken syncytial viruses induce bursal lymphomas by integrating into the c-myc locus and activating myc expression by 3' long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter insertion. In contrast to wild-type proviruses, in which transcription initiates predominantly in the 5'LTR, these myc-associated proviruses exhibit a predominance of transcription from the 3' LTR and little transcription from the 5' LTR. Most of these proviruses contain deletions within the 5' end of their genome that spare the 5' LTR. We report the identification of a 0.3-kb viral leader sequence that modulates 5' and 3' LTR transcriptional activities. In the presence of this sequence, transcription from the 5' LTR predominates, but in its absence, the 3' LTR promoter becomes activated, resulting in a high level of myc expression. This viral sequence does not behave like a classical enhancer; it activates transcription only when located downstream from the promoter and in the sense orientation. In this regard, it resembles the recently described human immunodeficiency virus RNA enhancer. This study suggests that retroviruses contain internal sequences which directionally activate the 5' LTR promoter to facilitate transcription of the viral genome and that deletion of these sequences is one step in the activation of the 3' LTR of myc-associated proviruses in avian bursal lymphomas.
THE WAR AGAINST RELIGION (1954)

Journal Article THE WAR AGAINST RELIGION Get access Religion Behind the Iron Curtain. By GEOEGE N. SHUSTER. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1954. xxi + 281pages. $4.00. IRWIN R. BEILER IRWIN R. BEILER Allegheny CollegeEmeritus Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XXII, Issue 4, October 1954, Pages 264–265, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XXII.4.264 Published: 01 October 1954
Nuclear angiotensin II type 2 (AT<sub>2</sub>) receptors are functionally linked to nitric oxide production (2009)

Expression of nuclear angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptors in rat kidney provides further support for the concept of an intracellular renin-angiotensin system. Thus we examined the cellular distribution of renal ANG II receptors in sheep to determine the existence and functional roles of intracellular ANG receptors in higher order species. Receptor binding was performed using the nonselective ANG II antagonist (125)I-[Sar(1),Thr(8)]-ANG II ((125)I-sarthran) with the AT(1) antagonist losartan (LOS) or the AT(2) antagonist PD123319 (PD) in isolated nuclei (NUC) and plasma membrane (PM) fractions obtained by differential centrifugation or density gradient separation. In both fetal and adult sheep kidney, PD competed for the majority of cortical NUC (> or =70%) and PM (> or =80%) sites while LOS competition predominated in medullary NUC (> or =75%) and PM (> or =70%). Immunodetection with an AT(2) antibody revealed a single approximately 42-kDa band in both NUC and PM extracts, suggesting a mature molecular form of the NUC receptor. Autoradiography for receptor subtypes localized AT(2) in the tubulointerstitium, AT(1) in the medulla and vasa recta, and both AT(1) and AT(2) in glomeruli. Loading of NUC with the fluorescent nitric oxide (NO) detector DAF showed increased NO production with ANG II (1 nM), which was abolished by PD and N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, but not LOS. Our studies demonstrate ANG II receptor subtypes are differentially expressed in ovine kidney, while nuclear AT(2) receptors are functionally linked to NO production. These findings provide further evidence of a functional intracellular renin-angiotensin system within the kidney, which may represent a therapeutic target for the regulation of blood pressure.
Mining in Brazil – a short historical background (1982)

Abstract In the 17th and 18th centuries an important minging industry was emerging in Brazil. For a number of reasons it never could develop into a base for the industrialization of the country. The Raw Materials Group has made this short historical sketch as a background to the following articles on the Brazilian mining industry.
Methods of attacking chaotic encryption and countermeasures (2002)

Methods of attacking chaotic encryption algorithms have been developed. These methods have been applied to all the published chaotic encryption systems and all these systems are broken in very short computer times. Counter measures have also been developed in order to make chaotic encryption secure. Several examples and results are given.
Monocarboxylate transporter 1 and monocarboxylate transporter 4 in cancer-endothelial co-culturing microenvironments promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of renal cancer cells (2019)

The Warburg effect accompanied with high MCT1/MCT4 expression in the cancer-endothelial microenvironments contributed significantly to renal cancer progression, which sheds new light on targeting MCT1/MCT4 and glycolytic metabolism in order to effectively treat patients with renal cancers.
Vascular clips for the microsurgical treatment of stroke. (1976)

A synopsis of the types of vascular clips (malleable clips, screw clips, and spring clips) used by neurosurgeons during this century is presented. A review of the pertinent literature is included.
Identification of PSME3 as a Novel Serum Tumor Marker for Colorectal Cancer by Combining Two-dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis with a Strictly Mass Spectrometry-based Approach for Data Analysis (2006)

The purpose of this study was to identify and validate novel serological protein biomarkers of human colorectal cancer (CRC). Proteins from matched CRC and adjacent normal tissue samples were resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. From each gel all spots were excised, and enveloped proteins were identified by MS. By comparison of the resulting protein profiles, dysregulated proteins can be identified. A list of all identified proteins and validation of five exemplarily selected proteins, elevated in CRC was reported previously (Roessler, M., Rollinger, W., Palme, S., Hagmann, M. L., Berndt, P., Engel, A. M., Schneidinger, B., Pfeffer, M., Andres, H., Karl, J., Bodenmuller, H., Ruschoff, J., Henkel, T., Rohr, G., Rossol, S., Rosch, W., Langen, H., Zolg, W., and Tacke, M. (2005) Identification of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase as a novel serum tumor marker for colorectal cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 11, 6550-6557). Here we describe identification and initial validation of another potential marker protein for CRC. Comparison of tissue protein profiles revealed strong elevation of proteasome activator complex subunit 3 (PSME3) expression in CRC tissue. This dysregulation was not detectable based on the spot pattern. The PSME3-containing spot on tumor gels showed no visible difference to the corresponding spot on matched control gels. MS analysis revealed the presence of two proteins, PSME3 and annexin 4 (ANXA4) in one and the same spot on tumor gels, whereas the matched spot contained only one protein, ANXA4, on control gels. Therefore, dysregulation of PSME3 was masked by ANXA4 and could only be recognized by MS-based analysis but not by image analysis. To validate this finding, antibody to PSME3 was developed, and up-regulation in CRC was confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Finally by developing a highly sensitive immunoassay, PSME3 could be detected in human sera and was significantly elevated in CRC patients compared with healthy donors and patients with benign bowel disease. We propose that PSME3 be considered a novel serum tumor marker for CRC that may have significance in the detection and in the management of patients with this disease. Further studies are needed to fully assess the potential clinical value of this marker candidate.
Densification Mechanism for Different Types of Stainless Steel Powders in Selective Laser Melting (2017)

Selective laser melting is a powder based additive manufacturing process where the metallic powder particles are melted by a high power laser beam. Different types of stainless steel powders made by gas and water atomization were analyzed before processing, in particular regarding their particle size distributions and morphology. Particle analysis was carried out using laser diffraction technologies and digital image analysis. A suitable designed experiment has been carried out and the specimen density has been measured and linked to the properties of the powders. Eventually the possibility to reach high density specimen by adjusting process parameters is discussed.
A smart-card-based conditional access subsystem separation scheme for digital TV broadcasting (2005)

In this paper we present a smart-card-based conditional access subsystem (CASS) separation scheme at the digital TV broadcasting receiving end. Following the proposed scheme, different conditional access (CA) systems can operate concurrently in one digital TV broadcasting network using a common receiving platform, which is independent of any specific CA system. The digital TV program subscriber needs only to change the corresponding CA smart card to view pay TV programs, which are scrambled by different CA systems. The main points of the proposed scheme and its reference implementation are presented in this paper. The reference implementation has been developed to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme in practical broadcasting environment. The system architecture and the constituent logical function modules of this reference implementation, especially the part in STB, have been described in detail to better illustrate the working principle of this scheme. Compared to PC-card-based or other smart-card-based common interface schemes, the proposed one is much more cost performance efficient, succincter and easier to be accepted by CA system providers. This scheme is also one of the candidate standards for Chinese digital TV broadcasting.
Findex: improving search result use through automatic filtering categories (2005)

Journal Article Findex: improving search result use through automatic filtering categories Get access Mika Käki, Mika Käki * Department of Computer Sciences, University of Tampere, Kehruukoulunkatu 1, FIN-33014 Tampere, Finland * Corresponding author. Tel.: +358 3 215 6181; fax: +358 3 215 6070. E-mail addresses:mika.kaki@cs.uta.fi (M. Käki), anne.aula@cs.uta.fi (A. Aula). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Anne Aula Anne Aula Department of Computer Sciences, University of Tampere, Kehruukoulunkatu 1, FIN-33014 Tampere, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Interacting with Computers, Volume 17, Issue 2, March 2005, Pages 187–206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2005.01.001 Published: 01 March 2005 Article history Received: 24 June 2004 Revision received: 06 August 2004 Accepted: 10 January 2005 Published: 01 March 2005
Alkylation of deoxyribonucleic acid <i>in vivo</i> in various organs of C57BL mice by the carcinogens <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-nitrosourea, <i>N</i>-ethyl-<i>N</i>-nitrosourea and ethyl methanesulphonate in relation to induction of thymic lymphoma. Some applications of high-pressure liquid chromatography (1978)

1. Methods were developed for analysis of alkylpurines, O2-alkylcytosines, and representative phosphotriesters [alkyl derivatives of thymidylyl(3'-5')thymidine], in DNA alkylated in vivo, using high-pressure liquid chromatography. 2. The patterns of alkylation products in DNA in vivo at short times were closely similar to those found for reactions in vitro. Alkylation by the nitrosoureas was complete in vivo within 1 h, but with ethyl methanesulphonate was maximal at 2--4h. 3. The time course of persistence of alkylation products in vivo was determined for several tissues. In addition to the rapid loss of 3- and 7-alkyladenines reported previously for all tissues, a relatively rapid loss of O6-alkylguanines from DNA of liver was found which was more rapid at lower doses. In brain, lung and kidney, excision of O6-alkylguanine was much less marked, but was not entirely excluded by the data. In thymus, bone marrow and small bowel, all alkylated bases were lost with half-lives of 12--24h, at non-cytotoxic doses of alkylation. 4. No evidence for any marked excision of other minor products from alkylated DNA in vivo was found; thus 1-methyladenine, O2-ethylcytosine (found in appreciable amount only with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea), 3-methylguanine, and dTp(Alk)dT persisted in alkylated DNA, including DNA of liver. 5. The induction of thymic lymphoma was determined over the range of single doses by intraperitoneal injection up to about 60% of the LD50 values, and related to the extent of alkylation of target tissues thymus and bone marrow. With N-methyl-N-nitrosourea over 90% tumour yield was attained at 60 mg/kg, and with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea up to 52% at 240 mg/kg, but with ethyl methanesulphonate at up to 400 mg/kg only a few per cent of tumours were obtained. 6. The carcinogenic effectiveness of the agents was positively correlated with the extents of alkylation of guanine in DNA of target tissues at the O-6 atom. On the basis that at doses giving equal carcinogenic response these extents of alkylation would be equal, the chemical analyses showed that the ratio of equipotent doses to that for N-methyl-N-nitrosourea would be, for N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, 5.3 for ethyl methanesulphonate about 21, and for methyl methanesulphonate [Frei & Lawley (1976) Chem.-Biol. Interact. 13, 215--222] about 144. These predictions were in reasonably good agreement with the observed dose-response data for these agents.