gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint petrophysical inversion of electromagnetic and full-waveform seismic data (2012)

ABSTRACT Accurate determination of reservoir petrophysical parameters is of great importance for reservoir monitoring and characterization. We developed a joint inversion approach for the direct estimation of in situ reservoir petrophysical parameters such as porosity and fluid saturations by jointly inverting electromagnetic and full-waveform seismic measurements. Full-waveform seismic inversions allow the exploitation of the full content of the data so that a more accurate geophysical model can be inferred. Electromagnetic data are linked to porosity and fluid saturations through Archie’s equations, whereas seismic data are linked to them through rock-physics fluid-substitution equations. For seismic modeling, we used an acoustic approximation. Sensitivity studies combined with inversion tests show that seismic data are mainly sensitive to porosity distribution, whereas electromagnetic data are more sensitive to fluid-saturation distribution. The separate inversion of electromagnetic or seismic data is highly nonunique and thus leads to great ambiguity in the determination of porosity and fluid saturations. In our approach, we used a Gauss-Newton algorithm equipped with the multiplicative regularization and proper data-weighting scheme. We tested the implemented joint petrophysical inversion method using various synthetic models for surface and crosswell measurements. We found that the joint inversion approach provides substantial advantage for an improved estimation of porosity and fluid-saturation distributions over the one obtained from the separate inversion of electromagnetic and seismic data. This advantage is achieved by significantly reducing the ambiguity on the determination of porosity and fluid saturations using multiphysics measurements. We also carried out a study on the effects of using inaccurate petrophysical transform parameters on the inversion results. Our study demonstrated that up to 20% errors in the saturation and porosity exponents in Archie’s equations do not cause significant errors in the inversion results. On the other hand, if the bulk modulus and density of the rock matrix have a large percentage of errors (i.e., more than 5%), the inversion results will be significantly degraded. However, if the density of the rock matrix has an error of less than 2%, the joint inversion can tolerate a large percentage of errors in the bulk modulus of the rock matrix.
Compressive holography with phase-structured illumination (2015)

We describe several approaches to perform digital holography with single-pixel detection by using phase-structured illumination and compressive sensing. Single-pixel imaging works by sampling the scene with micro-structured amplitude patterns implemented onto a spatial light modulator and recording light intensity fluctuation with a simple photodiode. Recently, we have demonstrated the capability of this technique to record digital holograms and to transmit images through scattering media. In this contribution we describe new optical interferometer architectures to record complex amplitude distributions using a simple photodiode by sampling the scene with micro-structured phase patterns. Preliminary experimental results are shown.
Progress in the Development of the ABIOMED Total Artificial Heart (1995)

The ABIOMED implantable total artificial hearts in the final phase of engineering development. The system has a compact electrohydraulically driven energy converter sandwiched between two blood pumps, an internal electronics pack, an internal battery, a transcutaneous energy transmission coil for power transmission, and external wearable electronics pack and battery. The current effort is to complete development of the system during 1996 in preparation for formal pre clinical testing of the device. In vivo studies with the current thoracic unit (ABH II) have achieved 108 days of survival verifying the thermal, physiologic, and hematologic compatibility of the system. The abdominal implantable electronics pack showed no thermal dissipation problem. System improvements include scaling down the size of the thoracic unit, and efficiency enhancement in the power and hybrid electronics. The new system (ABH III) retains the flow capacity of greater than 10 L/min. Size reduction results in an atrial to sternal dimension that would fit 98% and 75% of men and women, respectively.
A Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet Improves Glucoregulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Reducing Postabsorptive Glycogenolysis (2004)

The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms by which dietary carbohydrate and fat modulate fasting glycemia. We compared the effects of an eucaloric high-carbohydrate (89% carbohydrate) and high-fat (89% fat) diet on fasting glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in seven obese patients with type 2 diabetes using stable isotopes and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps. At basal insulin levels glucose concentrations were 148 +/- 11 and 123 +/- 11 mg/dl (8.2 +/- 0.6 and 6.8 +/- 0.6 mmol/liter) on the high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet, respectively (P < 0.001), with insulin concentrations of 12 +/- 2 and 10 +/- 1 microIU/ml (82 +/- 11 and 66 +/- 10 pmol/liter) (P = 0.08). Glucose production was higher on the high-carbohydrate diet (1.88 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.55 +/- 0.05 mg/kg.min (10.44 +/- 0.33 vs. 8.61 +/- 0.28 micromol/kg.min) (P < 0.001) because of higher glycogenolysis. Gluconeogenic rates were not different between the diets. During the use of hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps, insulin-mediated suppression of glucose production and stimulation of glucose disposal were not different between the diets. Free fatty concentrations were suppressed by 89 and 62% (P < 0.0001) on the high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet, respectively. We conclude that short-term variations in dietary carbohydrate to fat ratios affect basal glucose metabolism in people with type 2 diabetes merely through modulation of the rate of glycogenolysis, without affecting insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism.
A new ultra-high-speed heterojunction transistor (1987)

A new type of heterojunction bipolar transistor, designated the BICFET, (for Bipolar Inversion Channel Field Effect Transistor), is proposed. Unlike the conventional heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT), the BICFET does not have a base. Instead, it relies on a field effect action to induce and modulate an inversion channel (which replaces the base) at the interface between the wide- and narrow- bandgap materials, to control current flow in the system.The BICFET has the high current gain associated with HBTs. However, since the BICFET does not have a base layer, it does not experience the deleterious base layer effects, such as charge storage, recombination, base transit time, etc. In particular, it has a much lower input capacitance and the capability of much higher current drive than a HBT, the combination of which augurs well for very high speed operation.In addition to the basic theory, common-emitter (CE) output and input characteristics are generated for two practical systems, and a possible integrated structure is indicated. A small-signal CE model for the device is also presented. The model predicts h cut-off frequencies as high as 10,000 GHz; however, in practice, collector transit time effects will reduce the cut-off frequency to about 600 GHz.
Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after stroke (2014)

Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support the routine use of antiepileptic drugs for the primary or secondary prevention of seizures after stroke. Further well-conducted research is needed for this important clinical problem.
Critical parameters for high-performance dynamic response measurements (2002)

The authors define several critical parameters required for accurate dynamic response time measurements on an ATE (automatic test equipment) system. They describe how these parameters were optimized on a high-performance pin electronics board through careful circuit design and a custom analog comparator IC design. They also outline the resulting performance of these parameters following the design changes. It is shown that the two key dynamic response parameters of an ATE system to evaluate are the overall system response bandwidth and the narrow-pulse performance parameters, as they include in their characterization almost all the critical dynamic response parameters. These two parameters, when evaluated on low-amplitude high-speed technologies, such as GaAs and ECL (emitter-coupled logic), provide the user with the clearest representation of a systems: dynamic response performance under actual operating conditions. When special attention is paid to these parameters in the design of an ATE system, as in the high-performance pin electronics card, a high-performance design capable of testing the most demanding high-speed technologies results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interpretation and knowledge discovery from a MLP network that performs low back pain classification (1998)

Artificial neural networks are being increasingly used as medical decision support tools but are currently undermined by their inability to explain or justify their output classifications. Using a new method published by Vaughn (1996), the paper discovers the key inputs used by a multilayer perceptron (MLP) network that diagnoses low back pain (LBP). The knowledge learned by the MLP network from an input training case is expressed as a data relationship from which a valid rule can be directly induced, obviating the need for a combinatorial search based approach. The validation of the data relationships and rules, with the assistance of domain experts, provides a method for validating the MLP network. The aim of the paper is to discover the key inputs that a LBP MLP network uses to classify selected training case examples using the knowledge discovery method and to present the top ranked key inputs that the LBP MLP uses to classify all training cases for each diagnostic class. It is shown how the validation of the top ranked key inputs by the domain experts can lead to the validation of the LBP network.
Whole-genome screening identifies proteins localized to distinct nuclear bodies (2013)

The nucleus is a unique organelle that contains essential genetic materials in chromosome territories. The interchromatin space is composed of nuclear subcompartments, which are defined by several distinctive nuclear bodies believed to be factories of DNA or RNA processing and sites of transcriptional and/or posttranscriptional regulation. In this paper, we performed a genome-wide microscopy-based screening for proteins that form nuclear foci and characterized their localizations using markers of known nuclear bodies. In total, we identified 325 proteins localized to distinct nuclear bodies, including nucleoli (148), promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (38), nuclear speckles (27), paraspeckles (24), Cajal bodies (17), Sam68 nuclear bodies (5), Polycomb bodies (2), and uncharacterized nuclear bodies (64). Functional validation revealed several proteins potentially involved in the assembly of Cajal bodies and paraspeckles. Together, these data establish the first atlas of human proteins in different nuclear bodies and provide key information for research on nuclear bodies.
Winning at the Starting Line: Joint Network Selection and Service Placement for Mobile Edge Computing (2019)

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is an emerging computing paradigm in which computational capabilities are pushed from the central cloud to the network edges. However, preserving the satisfactory quality-of-service (QoS) for user applications is non-trivial among multiple densely dispersed yet capacity constrained MEC nodes. This is mainly because both the access network and edge nodes are vulnerable to network congestion. Previous works are mostly limited to optimizing the QoS through dynamic service placement, while ignoring the critical effects of access network selection on the network congestion. In this paper, we study the problem of jointly optimizing the access network selection and service placement for MEC, towards the goal of improving the QoS by balancing the access, switching and communication delay. Specifically, we first design an efficient online framework to decompose the long-term optimization problem into a series of one-shot problems. To address the NP-hardness of the one-shot problem, we further propose an iteration-based algorithm to derive a computation efficient solution. Both rigorous theoretical analysis on the optimality gap and extensive trace-driven simulations validate the efficacy of our proposed solution.
Coronary Angioplasty (1992)

While angioplasty was initially thought only to compress plaque, the dominant mechanism is now known to be fracture of plaque and plastic deformation of the vessel wall. Such plaque fractures are evident angiographically (as intimal filling defects or dissection) in most successful dilatations, without interfering with antegrade flow or vessel healing. In 5% of angioplasty attempts, however, local dissection leads to abrupt closure of the dilated vessel—inhibition of antegrade flow with profound myocardial ischemia.<sup>1</sup>Most closure events become apparent before the patient leaves the cardiac catheterization laboratory, although a small number occur within 24 hours. Since there was initially no way to reverse abrupt closure, it was critical to perform all angioplasties with cardiac surgical standby so that prompt bypass might limit myocardial infarction. Even with an available operating room, however, it was rare to institute cardiopulmonary bypass within 1 hour of the onset of ischemia. Although half of
Fourier-based forward and back-projectors in iterative fan-beam tomographic image reconstruction (2006)

Fourier-based forward and back-projection methods can reduce computation in iterative tomographic image reconstruction. Recently, an optimized nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) approach was shown to yield accurate parallel-beam projections. In this paper, we extend the NUFFT approach to describe an O (N2 log N) projector/backprojector pair for fan-beam transmission tomography. Simulations and experiments with real CT data show that fan-beam Fourier-based forward and back-projection methods can reduce computation for iterative reconstruction while still providing accuracy comparable to their O (N3) space-based counterparts.
Ambient Temperature Plastic Crystal Electrolyte for Efficient, All-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (2004)

Doping the molecular plastic crystal of succinonitrile with solid N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidinium iodide salt and iodine has produced a highly conductive solid iodide/triiodide conductor. Furthermore, it was employed for a highly efficient, all-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell.
Targeting Negative Surface Charges of Cancer Cells by Multifunctional Nanoprobes (2016)

A set of electrostatically charged, fluorescent, and superparamagnetic nanoprobes was developed for targeting cancer cells without using any molecular biomarkers. The surface electrostatic properties of the established cancer cell lines and primary normal cells were characterized by using these nanoprobes with various electrostatic signs and amplitudes. All twenty two randomly selected cancer cell lines of different organs, but not normal control cells, bound specifically to the positively charged nanoprobes. The relative surface charges of cancer cells could be quantified by the percentage of cells captured magnetically. The activities of glucose metabolism had a profound impact on the surface charge level of cancer cells. The data indicate that an elevated glycolysis in the cancer cells led to a higher level secretion of lactate. The secreted lactate anions are known to remove the positive ions, leaving behind the negative changes on the cell surfaces. This unique metabolic behavior is responsible for generating negative cancer surface charges in a perpetuating fashion. The metabolically active cancer cells are shown to a unique surface electrostatic pattern that can be used for recovering cancer cells from the circulating blood and other solutions.
Influence of DC electric field upon the production of oil-in-water-in-oil double emulsions in upwards mm-scale channels at low electric field strength (2016)

A novel approach to create O/W/O is developed and described to achieve uniform oil drop size coated with thin layers of water. Drops were created using a test cell where the DC field is applied between different internal diameter (ID) needles (from which the O/W emulsion emits upwards into a continuous oil phase) and a grounded metal ring which was located at selected distances from the needle top. The advantages compared to the previous techniques consist of possibility of control on drop size and coating layer of the water using low electric field. A high speed imaging technique has been applied to determine drop size under different flow and electric field conditions. Without the electric field, several flow regimes were observed; stable formation of both the O/W/O emulsion and the O/W emulsion upstream of the cell was possible over a range of Reynolds numbers from 80 to 100. The effect of the electric field was found to be reverse below electric field strength of 60 kV m−1, beyond this critical value there was significant impact upon the flow regime, drop size and emulsion structure. The impact of the electric field strength upon flow pattern and emulsion structure and a quantitative analysis of droplet size are presented. The work shows the results for the controlled creation of complex emulsion droplets combining electric field and mm scale channels. The differences with the other physical processes reported in the literature are discussed.
Possible Nonconductive Role of <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i> Pilus Nanowires in Biofilm Formation (2006)

Geobacter sulfurreducens required expression of electrically conductive pili to form biofilms on Fe(III) oxide surfaces, but pili were also essential for biofilm development on plain glass when fumarate was the sole electron acceptor. Furthermore, pili were needed for cell aggregation in agglutination studies. These results suggest that the pili of G. sulfurreducens also have a structural role in biofilm formation.
Particle Size Analysis of Carbon Black (1987)

Abstract A new technique is described for measuring the size distribution of submicrometer sized powders, such as carbon black. Powder is first dispersed as an aerosol and the particle size is subsequently measured with a differential mobility classifier and an aerosol concentration detector. The technique has been used to provide a size distribution for seven American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)/D1765 designated grades of carbon black (N110, N234, N299, N330, N650, N683, N762). In addition, four grades (N234, N330, N683, N762) are designated by ASTM D24 committee on carbon black as Standard Reference Blacks in the SRB‐3 series (C3, B3, D3, A3, respectively). The effectiveness of the dispersion technique is discussed and size distribution data is presented on the seven ASTM grades of carbon black. For the sake of comparison, the same carbon blacks have been sized with a completely different measurement technique. This technique measures the diffusion coefficient of a dilute particle suspension from which a mean hydrodynamic particle diameter is determined. Size distribution data using this technique is also presented.
Co-delivery of doxorubicin and P-glycoprotein siRNA by multifunctional triblock copolymers for enhanced anticancer efficacy in breast cancer cells (2015)

Combined treatment of chemotherapeutics and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is a promising therapy strategy for breast carcinoma via their synergetic effects. In this study, to improve the therapeutic effect of doxorubicin (DOX), novel triblock copolymers, folate/methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(l-glutamate-hydrazide)-block-poly(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide) (FA/m-PEG-b-P(LG-Hyd)-b-PDMAPMA), were synthesized and used as a vehicle for the co-delivery of DOX and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) siRNA into breast cancer cells. The triblock copolymers were synthesized by a combination of ring-opening polymerization of γ-benzyl-l-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydride using cystamine-terminated heterotelechelic PEG derivatives possessing folate or methoxy end groups (FA/m-PEG-Cys) as initiators and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of N,N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide followed by hydrazinolysis. The successful synthesis of the copolymers was confirmed by <sup>1</sup>H NMR and gel permeation chromatography. DOX was covalently conjugated onto the poly(l-glutamate-hydrazide) blocks via a pH-labile hydrazone linkage, and the DOX-conjugated triblock copolymers could self-assemble into nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) siRNA was then bound to the cationic poly(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide) (PDMAPMA) blocks through an electrostatic interaction, resulting in the formation of spherical nanocomplexes with an average diameter of 196.8 nm and a zeta potential of +28.3 mV. The in vitro release behaviors of DOX and siRNA from the nanocomplexes were pH- and reduction-dependent, and the release rates were much faster under a reductive acidic condition (pH 5.0, glutathione: 10 mM) simulating the intracellular endo-lysosomal environment of cancer cells compared to physiological conditions. The fast payload release rates were closely related to both the glutathione-triggered detachment of PEG blocks from the nanocomplex surface and the pH-sensitive cleavage of hydrazone linkages. FA-decorated nanocomplexes showed higher cellular uptake efficiency and cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells than FA-free nanocomplexes, as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, MTT and flow cytometry analyses. Our results demonstrated that the multifunctional triblock copolymer-mediated co-delivery of DOX and P-gp siRNA might be a new promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
Inactivation during denaturation of ribonuclease A by guanidinium chloride is accompanied by unfolding at the active site (1995)

Inactivation of pancreatic RNAase A occurs in guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) at low concentrations before the unfolding of the molecule as a whole can be detected [Liu and Tsou (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 916, 455-464]. We have now shown that the rate of digestion of the RNAase molecule by either trypsin or proteinase K increases significantly at low concentrations of GdmCl where the enzyme is largely inactivated, but fluorescence and absorption measurements reveal no conformational changes. N-Terminal sequence analysis of the peptide fragments generated shows that proteolysis occurs primarily at or near the active site. The decrease in activity of RNAase at low concentrations of GdmCl is therefore due to partial unfolding of the molecule, particularly at the active site and not to an inhibition by the denaturant.
Determining phenomenological rate coefficients from a time-dependent, multiple-well master equation: “species reduction” at high temperatures (2013)

In this article we discuss at length the determination of phenomenological rate coefficients from the solution to a time-dependent, multiple-well master equation. Both conservative and non-conservative formulations are considered. The emphasis is placed on how to handle the situation when a CSE (chemically significant eigenvalue of the transition matrix) merges with the quasi-continuum of IEREs (internal energy relaxation eigenvalues), indicating that one or more chemical reactions begin to take place on vibrational-rotational relaxation time scales. The methodology is illustrated with four examples.