gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total endoscopic off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. (2000)

Two cases of totally endoscopic off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (TECAB) of the left internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery using the da Vincitrade mark telemanipulation system (Intuitive Surgical, Mountain View, CA) are described. A new articulating endoscopic stabilizer with cleats was developed to enable endoscopic anchoring of silastic vessel loops for vascular occlusion. Newly created attachments for irrigation and suction, along with active robotic enhanced assistance by a second surgical console, permitted our group to perform for the first time a truly endoscopic bypass grafting without any thoracotomy.
<title>Framework for identifying recommended rules and DFM scoring model to improve manufacturability of sub-20nm layout design</title> (2012)

This paper addresses the framework for building critical recommended rules and a methodology for devising scoring models using simulation or silicon data. Recommended rules need to be applied to critical layout configurations (edge or polygon based geometric relations), which can cause yield issues depending on layout context and process variability. Determining of critical recommended rules is the first step for this framework. Based on process specifications and design rule calculations, recommended rules are characterized by evaluating the manufacturability response to improvements in a layout-dependent parameter. This study is applied to critical 20nm recommended rules. In order to enable the scoring of layouts, this paper also discusses a CAD framework involved in supporting use-models for improving the DFM-compliance of a physical design.
Modeling the effects of pH and ionic strength on swelling of polyelectrolyte gels (2015)

A model is developed for the elastic response of a polyelectrolyte gel under unconstrained and constrained swelling in a water bath with an arbitrary pH, where a monovalent salt is dissolved. A gel is treated as a three-phase medium consisting of an equivalent polymer network, solvent (water), and solute (mobile ions). Transport of solvent and solute is thought of as their diffusion through the network accelerated by an electric field formed by mobile and fixed ions and accompanied by chemical reactions (self-ionization of water molecules, dissociation of functional groups attached to polymer chains, and formation of ion pairs between bound charges and mobile counter-ions). Constitutive equations are derived by means of the free energy imbalance inequality for an arbitrary three-dimensional deformation with finite strains. Adjustable parameters in the governing relations are found by fitting equilibrium swelling diagrams on several hydrogels. The effects of pH, ionic strength of solution, and constraints on equilibrium water uptake are studied numerically.
Phase-conjugation fidelity fluctuations for various stimulated-Brillouin-scattering mirror geometries (1994)

An increase of the phase-conjugation fidelity and its shot-to-shot stability by use of a two-cell phase-conjugating mirror has been demonstrated. We have achieved an average phase-conjugation fidelity of 0.85 ± 0.03.
Penetration of hamster and rabbit zona-free eggs by rat and mouse spermatozoa with special reference to sperm capacitation (1976)

Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts 01545, U.S.A. In a study of the penetration of zona-free eggs by foreign spermatozoa in the mouse, rat and hamster, it was concluded that the incorporation of eggs with foreign spermatozoa may depend on sperm capacitation and the physiological affinity between the spermatozoa and the vitellus of different species, and that the zona pellucida appears to be the major block for interspecific fertilization (Hanada & Chang, 1972). Yanagimachi (1972) has reported that hamster zona-free eggs can be penetrated readily by capacitated but not by uncapacitated guinea-pig spermatozoa. Based upon our recent studies of sperm capacitation and fertilization of rat eggs in vitro (Toyoda & Chang, 1974; Niwa & Chang, 1974, 1975), this paper describes the penetration of hamster and rabbit zona-free eggs by mouse and rat spermatozoa as affected by the capacitation of spermatozoa. The medium used for the manipulation of gametes was
Inconceivable! (2016)

There are two ways to compute microscopic probabilities that are contradicted both by simple mathematics and actual data: one foolish and one too clever.
Spezifische Protonenacceptoren als Hilfsbasen bei Alkylierungs‐ und Dehydrohalogenierungsreaktionen (1958)

Abstract Äthyl‐diisopropyl‐amin, Äthyl‐dicyclohexyl‐amin und Tris‐[2‐hydroxy‐propyl‐(1)]‐amin sind stark basisch, aber praktisch nicht alkylierbar. Sie eignen sich daher als Hilfsbasen zum spezifischen Abfangen der Säure bei Alkylierungs‐reaktionen von Aminen und der Darstellung von Olefinen aus Alkylhalogeniden und α‐Halogenäthern. In allen untersuchten Beispielen liegen die Ausbeuten höher als nach bekannten Methoden.
A Survey of Urban Reconstruction (2013)

Abstract This paper provides a comprehensive overview of urban reconstruction. While there exists a considerable body of literature, this topic is still under active research. The work reviewed in this survey stems from the following three research communities: computer graphics, computer vision and photogrammetry and remote sensing. Our goal is to provide a survey that will help researchers to better position their own work in the context of existing solutions, and to help newcomers and practitioners in computer graphics to quickly gain an overview of this vast field. Further, we would like to bring the mentioned research communities to even more interdisciplinary work, since the reconstruction problem itself is by far not solved.
A Photo Lewis Acid Generator (PhLAG): Controlled Photorelease of B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (2012)

A molecule that releases the strong organometallic Lewis acid B(C(6)F(5))(3) upon irradiation with 254 nm light has been developed. This photo Lewis acid generator (PhLAG) now enables the photocontrolled initiation of several reactions catalyzed by this important Lewis acid. Herein is described the synthesis of the triphenylsulfonium salt of a carbamato borate based on a carbazole function, its establishment as a PhLAG, and the application of the photorelease of B(C(6)F(5))(3) to the fabrication of thin films of a polysiloxane material.
POLICRYPS: a liquid crystal composed nano/microstructure with a wide range of optical and electro-optical applications (2009)

POLICRYPS (an acronym of polymer liquid crystal polymer slices) is a nano/microcomposite structure made of slices of almost pure polymer alternated with films of well aligned nematic liquid crystal (NLC). The structure is obtained by irradiating a homogeneous syrup of NLC, monomer and curing agent molecules with an interference pattern of UV/visible light under suitable experimental and geometrical conditions; the spatial periodicity can be easily varied from an almost nanometric (200 nm) to a micrometric (15 μm) scale. Where the effect on an impinging reading light beam is concerned, the POLICRYPS can be utilized either in a transmission or a reflection configuration (depending on the geometry and substrate used) with negligible scattering losses, while the effect of spatial modulation of the refractive index (from polymer to NLC values) can be switched on and off by applying an external electric field of the order of few V μm−1. In this paper, we start by reviewing the general features of the POLICRYPS structure, that is the 'recipe' to fabricate it, along with a chemical–diffusive model that indicates the right physical and chemical conditions to make samples exhibiting good morphological, optical and electro-optical properties. We then show some possible utilizations of POLICRYPS with a light beam impinging almost perpendicularly to the structure: a switchable diffraction grating and a switchable optical phase modulator. Furthermore, we put into evidence that POLICRYPS channels can become an array of mirrorless optical micro-resonators for lasing effects. Finally, we report about utilization of POLICRYPS with a light beam impinging parallel to the structure and perpendicular to the channels, demonstrating that, in this case, the structure becomes a tuneable Bragg filter. Performances exhibited in all above applications put the POLICRYPS structure at the top level of the state of art of application oriented research in optics of liquid crystalline composite materials.
The In Vitro Effect of Calcitriol on Parathyroid Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis (2000)

Calcitriol treatment is used to reduce parathyroid hormone levels in azotemic patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Whether long-term calcitriol administration reduces parathyroid gland size in patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism is not clear. The aim of the study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of calcitriol on parathyroid cell proliferation and apoptosis in normal parathyroid glands and in adenomatous and hyperplastic human parathyroid glands. Freshly harvested parathyroid glands from normal dogs and hyperplastic and adenomatous glands from patients with secondary (2 degrees) and primary (1 degree) HPT undergoing parathyroidectomy were studied. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the cell cycle and apoptosis of parathyroid cells. Apoptosis was also evaluated by DNA electrophoresis and light and electron microscopy. In normal dog parathyroid glands, culture with calcitriol (10(-10) to 10(-7) M) for 24 h produced a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the progression of cells into the cell cycle and into apoptosis. When glands from patients with 2 degrees HPT were cultured for 24 h, only high calcitriol concentrations (10(-7) M) inhibited the progression through the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis. In parathyroid adenomas (1 degrees HPT), even a high concentration of calcitriol (10(-7) M) had no significant effect on the cell cycle or apoptosis. The present study shows that in vitro, calcitriol inhibits in a dose-dependent manner in normal parathyroid glands both parathyroid cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, in secondary hyperplasia, only high concentrations of calcitriol inhibited cell proliferation and apoptosis. In 1 degree HPT, even high concentrations of calcitriol had no effect. Because calcitriol simultaneously inhibits both cell proliferation and apoptosis, a reduction in the parathyroid gland mass may not occur as a direct effect of calcitriol treatment.
Distribution of collagen types I, III, and IV in gastric tissue of marmosets (Callithrix spp., Callitrichidae: Primates) (2010)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as fibrillar collagens play a fundamental role in wound repair and have also been studied in association with the gastric ulcer healing process in gastroenterology. Nevertheless, there have been no studies in the literature to date regarding the description and characterization of ECM components, neither in normal nor in injured gastric tissue of primate species. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of gastric collagen types I, III, and IV in marmosets (Callithrix sp.). Histological specimens from the stomach of 6 Callithrix jacchus, 12 C. kuhli, and 12 C. geoffroyi were evaluated. The specimens were immunostained with anti-types I and III collagen polyclonal antibodies and anti-type IV collagen monoclonal antibody. Collagen types I and III were detected in the submucosa and lamina propria between the mucosal glands while collagen type IV was detected in the muscularis mucosae, muscular layers, blood vessels, and gastric mucosa between the mucosal glands. It is hoped that these findings can contribute to future studies on the gastric extracellular matrix components in primates and to comparative studies in the area of gastroenterology.
Read, Watch, Listen, and Summarize: Multi-Modal Summarization for Asynchronous Text, Image, Audio and Video (2018)

Automatic text summarization is a fundamental natural language processing (NLP) application that aims to condense a source text into a shorter version. The rapid increase in multimedia data transmission over the Internet necessitates multi-modal summarization (MMS) from asynchronous collections of text, image, audio, and video. In this work, we propose an extractive MMS method that unites the techniques of NLP, speech processing, and computer vision to explore the rich information contained in multi-modal data and to improve the quality of multimedia news summarization. The key idea is to bridge the semantic gaps between multi-modal content. Audio and visual are main modalities in the video. For audio information, we design an approach to selectively use its transcription and to infer the salience of the transcription with audio signals. For visual information, we learn the joint representations of text and images using a neural network. Then, we capture the coverage of the generated summary for important visual information through text-image matching or multi-modal topic modeling. Finally, all the multi-modal aspects are considered to generate a textual summary by maximizing the salience, non-redundancy, readability, and coverage through the budgeted optimization of submodular functions. We further introduce a publicly available MMS corpus in English and Chinese.1 The experimental results obtained on our dataset demonstrate that our methods based on image matching and image topic framework outperform other competitive baseline methods.
Unsupervised learning of nonlinear dependencies in natural images (2005)

Abstract Capturing dependencies in images in an unsupervised manner is important for many image‐processing applications and for understanding the structure of natural image signals. Data generative linear models such as principal component analysis and independent component analysis (ICA) have shown to capture low‐level features such as oriented edges in images. However, those models only capture linear dependency structures because of its linear model constraints and therefore its modeling capability is limited. We propose a new method for capturing nonlinear dependencies in images of natural scenes. This method is an extension of the linear ICA method and builds on a hierarchical representation. The model makes use of lower‐level linear ICA representation and a subsequent mixture of Laplacian distribution for learning the nonlinear dependencies in an image. The model parameters are learned via the expectation maximization algorithm, and it can accurately capture variance correlation and other high‐order structures in a simple and consistent manner. We visualize the learned variance correlation structure and demonstrate applications to automatic image segmentation and image denoising. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 34–47, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20036
Multi-stage coordinated prefetching for present-day processors (2014)

Data prefetching is an important technique for hiding memory latency. Latest microarchitectures provide support for both hardware and software prefetching. However, the architectural features supporting either are different. In addition, these features can vary from one architecture to another. As a result, the choice of the right prefetching strategy is non-trivial for both the programmers and compiler-writers.
Actividades prácticas en el contexto de las bebidas y competencia científica (2011)

Activitats practiques en el context de les begudes i competencia cientifica. Les activitats practiques constitueixen una de les caracteristiques distintives de l'ensenyament de la quimica. La
introduccio de les competencies basiques com a referent curricular obliga a analitzar i repensar la finalitat d'aquest
tipus d'activitats. En aquest article es descriuen diversos tipus d'activitats practiques dissenyades en el context de
les begudes (en concret, sobre elaboracio de vi) i s'analitza la seva contribucio al desenvolupament de la competencia
cientifica en l'educacio secundaria obligatoria.
Cyclin D1, p53, and p21Waf1/Cip1 Expression Is Predictive of Poor Clinical Outcome in Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2004)

This study confirms that dysregulation of cell cycle genes is common in EOC, and that aberrant expression of critical cell cycle regulatory proteins can predict patient outcome in serous EOC.
An updated survey of GA-based multiobjective optimization techniques (2000)

After using evolutionary techniques for single-objective optimization during more than two decades, the incorporation of more than one objective in the fitness function has finally become a popular area of research. As a consequence, many new evolutionary-based approaches and variations of existing techniques have recently been published in the technical literature. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and organize the information on these current approaches, emphasizing the importance of analyzing the operations research techniques in which most of them are based, in an attempt to motivate researchers to look into these mathematical programming approaches for new ways of exploiting the search capabilities of evolutionary algorithms. Furthermore, a summary of the main algorithms behind these approaches is provided, together with a brief criticism that includes their advantages and disadvantages, degree of applicability, and some known applications. Finally, further trends in this area and some possible paths for further research are also addressed.
The SREBP pathway (2001)

Objective: Animal cells must regulate their cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake to supply sufficent amounts of cholesterol without risking overproduction. This coordination is achieved by a family of membrane-bound transcription factors called sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). To enhance transcrtiption of genes encoding enzymes of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis, the active NH2 terminal domain of SREBP is released from membranes of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by two sequential cleavages. The first, regulated by sterols, is catalyzed Site-1 protease (S1P) that cleaves luminal loop of SREBPs. This reaction is mediated by a polytopic membrane protein called SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) that complexes with SREBPs. SCAP appears to be a regulatory protein and serves as a sterol sensor. The second, not regulated by sterols, catalyzed by a hydrophobic zinc metallprotease, cleaves SREBPs within the first trans-membrane domain. Excess cholesterol block S1P activity thereby inhibits SREBP processing.A cruial component of this regulatory pathway is the Site-1 protease (S1P) that initiates sterol-regulated release from the ER by making the first cut in the SREBPs. S1P is the target of the feedback regulation, but nothing is known about the structure and properties of S1P. To identify S1P, we carried out expression cloning.Results: To clone S1P, we newly developed pCMV-PLAP-BP2, which encodes a fusion protein that contains placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in the ER lumen flanked by cleavage sites for signal peptidase and S1P. In sterol deprived cells, cleavage by both proteases leads to PLAP secretion, but PLAP was not secreted in S1P deficient cells (SRD12B cells). We transfected pCMV-PLAP-BP2 plus pools of CHO cDNAs into SRD12B cells and monitored the PLAP secretion. We succeeded in identifying a cDNA that restores Site-1 cleavage. The cDNA encodes S1P; an intraluminal 1052-amino acid membrane bound subtilisin-like protease. We concluded that S1P is the sterol-regulated luminal protease that cleaves SREBPs and controls lipid metabolism in animal cells.
A Quantative Test for Olfaction Is the Most Sensitive Physical Examination Biomarker for Residual Neurological Dysfunction Due to Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) That Can Be Performed in the Setting of a Clinical Examination Room (P04.022) (2013)

OBJECTIVE: Compare components of neurological examination for detecting neurological deficits (NDs) following mTBI.
Treatment of Geographic Atrophy With Subconjunctival Sirolimus: Results of a Phase I/II Clinical Trial (2013)

Repeated subconjunctival sirolimus was well-tolerated in patients with GA, although no positive anatomic or functional effects were identified. Subconjunctival sirolimus may not be beneficial in the prevention of GA progression, and may potentially be associated with effects detrimental to visual acuity. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00766649.).
DRM and access control architectures interoperability (2008)

Digital objects are managed in a controlled way through the complete value chain by DRM systems. Access control frameworks manage access by users to resources. This paper presents a solution that enables users of both systems to work collaboratively. It is based on the definition of an interoperability Broker that provides users of both systems with transparent access and use of content taking into account userspsila roles and content usage rules. It consists of modules that provide interoperability between digital rights and access control rules, between protected digital objects and digital resources and to manage the userpsilas roles in both systems.
Aircraft Ice Detectors and Related Technologies for Onground and Inflight Applications (1993)

This report describes a number of ice detection systems and identifies companies which produce ice detection systems. Twenty-two companies were contacted for this report. Of these companies, 16 satisfied the criteria for inclusion in the report. Systems described in this report include inflight, onground, combined inflight and onground, and related technologies. Each technology category features a Promising Technologies section. In these sections, future ice detections systems are discussed. Aircraft ice detection, Aircraft icing, Ice detection technology
A Coaxial-Line Support for 0 to 4000 Mc (1949)

Experimental and theoretical work done in designing a broad-band undercut-bead support is described, and a method is given for calculating the bandwidth. A typical microwave application is discussed which has a VSWR of less than 1.025 for 0 to 4000 Mc.
Lack of Detection of XMRV in Seminal Plasma from HIV-1 Infected Men in The Netherlands (2010)

Although HIV-1 was amplified from 25% of the seminal plasma samples, no XMRV was detected, suggesting that either the prevalence of XMRV is very low in The Netherlands, or that XMRV is not naturally present in the seminal plasma.
Adaptive clock with useful jitter (2015)

Report - Departament Ciències de la Computació
Establishment and characterization of a new human B‐cell line (ONHL‐1) from non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: Constant expression of <i>bcl‐2</i> gene during mitogen‐induced growth inhibition (1990)

A new B-cell line (ONHL-1) was established from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. ONHL-1 was free from Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen and expressed CD20, CD24, and slg (mu, delta, gamma and kappa), thus being equivalent to the mature B-cell stage. Chromosome analysis revealed a markedly abnormal pattern including 14q+ and 6q-. In accordance with the positive expression of surface kappa light chains, one of the kappa genes was found to be rearranged. However, rearrangement of the lambda locus was also detected, contrary to the supposed hierarchy for the rearrangement of the light-chain genes. Further, the rearranged fragments of the JH, C lambda, and bcl-2 genes were of the same size in the EcoRI and HindIII digests on the same filter. This may suggest that the bcl-2 gene is juxtaposed with the JH and C lambda locus. The proliferation of ONHL-I was inhibited by adding Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 or 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. During this growth inhibition, the expression of c-myc decreased, while that of bcl-2 mRNA remained steady. This result suggests that not the bcl-2 gene but other oncogenes, such as c-myc, play a key role in the proliferation of ONHL-1. This agrees with the hypothesis that the bcl-2 gene is not concerned with aggressive proliferation but with cell survival. This new cell line will therefore be of value in studying the differentiation and tumorigenesis of B cells.