gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Laser-levelling and Tractor Guidance for the Tatura Permanent Bed System of Cropping (1986)

Laser grading saves labour allowing large areas of land to be flood irrigated but at a high cost both in terms of earthmoving cost and in destruction of soil structure. The red-brown earths, widely used for irrigated pastures, can only be cropped for one or two years before becoming unmanageable because these soils are not well-suited to flood irrigation and cultivation management. The Tatura permanent bed system of cropping was developed to allow these difficult soils to be made highly productive by better soil management, continuous cropping, low flow furrow irrigation and laser-controlled machinery. A laser-controlled hiller is described which avoids destroying soil structure and provides better accuracy of grades by laser levelling the base of the furrows whilst the top of the bed follows the existing topography. A second laser beam provides direction to the tractor driver to assist in the production of straight, parallel beds. Levelling accuracy and directing accuracy are quantified using the levelling index and the directing index respectively. Both levelling and directing indices are described as the mean absolute deviation (cm) between the line predicted from linear regression and the surveyed line.
Cable‐Type Supercapacitors of Three‐Dimensional Cotton Thread Based Multi‐Grade Nanostructures for Wearable Energy Storage (2013)

A novel cable-type flexible supercapacitor with excellent performance is fabricated using 3D polypyrrole(PPy)-MnO2 -CNT-cotton thread multi-grade nanostructure-based electrodes. The multiple supercapacitors with a high areal capacitance 1.49 F cm(-2) at a scan rate of 1 mV s(-1) connected in series and in parallel can successfully drive a LED segment display. Such an excellent performance is attributed to the cumulative effect of conducting single-walled carbon nanotubes on cotton thread, active mesoporous flower-like MnO2 nanoplates, and PPy conductive wrapping layer improving the conductivity, and acting as pseudocapacitance material simultaneously.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outer Membrane Vesicles Modulate Host Immune Responses by Targeting the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway (2013)

Bacteria can naturally secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as pathogenic factors, while these vesicles may also serve as immunologic regulators if appropriately prepared. However, it is largely unknown whether Pseudomonas aeruginosa OMVs can activate inflammatory responses and whether immunization with OMVs can provide immune protection against subsequent infection. We purified and identified OMVs, which were then used to infect lung epithelial cells in vitro as well as C57BL/6J mice to investigate the immune response and the underlying signaling pathway. The results showed that OMVs generated from P. aeruginosa wild-type strain PAO1 were more cytotoxic to alveolar epithelial cells than those from quorum-sensing (QS)-deficient strain PAO1-ΔlasR. The levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, increased following OMV infection. Compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lysed OMVs in which the membrane structures were broken induced a weak immune response. Furthermore, expression levels of TLR4-mediated responders (i.e., cytokines) were markedly downregulated by the TLR4 inhibitor E5564. Active immunization with OMVs or passive transfer of sera with a high cytokine quantity acquired from OMV-immunized mice could protect healthy mice against subsequent lethal PAO1 challenges (1.5 × 10(11) CFU). Collectively, these findings indicate that naturally secreted P. aeruginosa OMVs may trigger significant inflammatory responses via the TLR4 signaling pathway and protect mice against pseudomonal lung infection.
Eliminating the Blind Spot: Adapting 3D Object Detection and Monocular Depth Estimation to 360° Panoramic Imagery (2018)

Recent automotive vision work has focused almost exclusively on processing forward-facing cameras. However, future autonomous vehicles will not be viable without a more comprehensive surround sensing, akin to a human driver, as can be provided by 360° panoramic cameras. We present an approach to adapt contemporary deep network architectures developed on conventional rectilinear imagery to work on equirectangular 360° panoramic imagery. To address the lack of annotated panoramic automotive datasets availability, we adapt a contemporary automotive dataset, via style and projection transformations, to facilitate the cross-domain retraining of contemporary algorithms for panoramic imagery. Following this approach we retrain and adapt existing architectures to recover scene depth and 3D pose of vehicles from monocular panoramic imagery without any panoramic training labels or calibration parameters. Our approach is evaluated qualitatively on crowd-sourced panoramic images and quantitatively using an automotive environment simulator to provide the first benchmark for such techniques within panoramic imagery.
Cyst and cystlike lesions of the foot. (1985)

A variety of cyst and cystlike lesions may present in the osseous structures of the foot. Such lesions are infrequent in their occurrence, and often cannot be diagnosed on the basis of radiographic appearance. In addition to the morphologic data that can be derived from evaluation of standard radiographs, other diagnostic radiographic studies such as tomography, CT scanning, radionuclide bone imaging, angiography, or other studies may be required to ascertain the nature and extent of cystlike lesions of the foot. This is dependent on histopathologic information derived from biopsy. A variety of cyst and cystlike lesions of the foot are presented with a review of their basic morphology and histopathologic, clinical, and prognostic characteristics.
Attribute-Based Authorization for Grid Computing (2010)

The development of adequate security solutions and in particular of authorization techniques for grid computing systems is a challenging task. Traditional security trends tried to overcome this problem by using a low-level access control policy which maps a user's identity to a local account. This approach is not scalable and is hard to manage in a distributed environment. Current trends started adopting approaches that pass attributes for authorization instead of passing user's credentials. The problem still hasn't been solved completely primarily because it uses PKI (public key infrastructure) user certificate for authorization, and the main problem with this approach is the inflexibility of the PKI infrastructure when it comes to open distributed systems (Grid). Additionally implementations of attribute-based authorization have largely adopted the XML based SAML (security assertion markup language) and XACML (extensible access control markup language) standards for authentication and authorization. The author investigates an approach that uses XACML for authorizations and utilizes a proxy for the attribute authority to allow for the distribution of attribute requests to numerous attribute authorities to whom the user is subscribed.
Three-dimensional Input of Body Surface Data Using a Laser Light Scanner (1988)

This article presents a device for automated input of three-dimensional body surface data using a laser light scanner. The device scans the surface in a few seconds. The data are available immediately in digital form for computer-aided presentation and analysis. Although the initial cost is moderately high, the cost per patient and processing time are low. This device makes possible the quantitative evaluation of plastic surgical procedures that are designed to alter body surface form.
ASR Error Management for Improving Spoken Language Understanding (2017)

This paper addresses the problem of automatic speech recognition (ASR) error detection and their use for improving spoken language understanding (SLU) systems. In this study, the SLU task consists in automatically extracting, from ASR transcriptions , semantic concepts and concept/values pairs in a e.g touristic information system. An approach is proposed for enriching the set of semantic labels with error specific labels and by using a recently proposed neural approach based on word embeddings to compute well calibrated ASR confidence measures. Experimental results are reported showing that it is possible to decrease significantly the Concept/Value Error Rate with a state of the art system, outperforming previously published results performance on the same experimental data. It also shown that combining an SLU approach based on conditional random fields with a neural encoder/decoder attention based architecture , it is possible to effectively identifying confidence islands and uncertain semantic output segments useful for deciding appropriate error handling actions by the dialogue manager strategy .
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NAPHTHO‐ AND INDENO(1,4)OXAZINES, A NEW CLASS OF RIGID DOPAMINE CONGENERS (1984)

Abstract Das Keton (Ia) reagiert mit Hydroxylamin und anschließend Tosylchlorid zum Oximat (ll).
“Magnetic Force Microscopy and Energy Loss Imaging of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles” (2011)

We present quantitative, high spatially resolved magnetic force microscopy imaging of samples based on 11 nm diameter superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in air at room temperature. By a proper combination of the cantilever resonance frequency shift, oscillation amplitude and phase lag we obtain the tip-sample interaction maps in terms of force gradient and energy dissipation. These physical quantities are evaluated in the frame of a tip-particle magnetic interaction model also including the tip oscillation amplitude. Magnetic nanoparticles are characterized both in bare form, after deposition on a flat substrate, and as magnetically assembled fillers in a polymer matrix, in the form of nanowires. The latter approach makes it possible to reveal the magnetic texture in a composite sample independently of the surface topography.
The resolution of acute inflammation: A ‘tipping point’ in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases (2008)

Evolution has given us inflammation, a formidable ally in the constant battle against infection, cancer and tissue injury. It is a primordial response that protects against injury and restores damaged tissue to its normal physiological function. In fact, our well-being and survival depends upon its efficiency and carefully balanced control. In general, the innate inflammatory response initiates within minutes and, if all is well, resolves within hours. In contrast, chronic inflammation persists for weeks, months or even years. Here, we are going to discuss the key endogenous checkpoints necessary for mounting an effective, yet limited, inflammatory response and the crucial biochemical pathways necessary to prevent its persistence. Figure 1 depicts what we understand today about the endogenous soluble mediators that control the severity of inflammatory onset as well as its longevity. In doing so, we wish to underline the consequence to the host of failing to adequately control inflammatory resolution.
The gain and optimal length in the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with 1480 nm pumping (1992)

The approximate analytic expressions for the gain and optimal length of the 1480-nm-pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifier with an arbitrary dopant distribution are obtained when the saturation by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is neglected. Numerical calculations show that the values predicted from the analytic expressions of the maximal gain and optimal fiber length as functions of input signal and pump powers are very accurate for narrow dopant distributions confined to the center of the fiber core.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Carbon Monoxide and Human Disease (2002)

Carbon monoxide is produced endogenously in humans through the breakdown of hemoglobin by heme oxygenase. Although originally thought to be a superfluous by-product of heme catabolism, carbon monoxide is now known to play a central role in many aspects of human health and disease. The functions of carbon monoxide that have been described to date are myriad, including blood pressure regulation, maintenance of organ-specific vascular tone, neurotransmission, stress response, platelet activation, and smooth muscle relaxation. This review outlines what is known to date about carbon monoxide as it relates to human disease.
On parasitic oscillations in digital filters under looped conditions (1977)

If a filter is used in multiplex telephone equipment, it actually operates in a loop due to the presence of two-wire/four-wire terminating equipment. Due to this, the power fed back into the filter input can, under adverse conditions, nearly equal the power leaving the output. This can be a cause for parasitic oscillations in case of digital filters. If properly designed, however, wave digital filters and nonrecursive digital filters remain stable.
High-speed monolithically integrated GaAs photoreceiver using a metal-semiconductor-metal photodiode (1985)

A planar monolithically integrated GaAs photoreceiver involving a transimpedance preamplifier has been fabricated using a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiode. The present MSM photodiode showed a small capacitance of 0.14 pF, which is much smaller than in conventional p-i-n photodiodes, and a high-speed pulse response exhibiting a rise time of 300 ps was demonstrated. It is shown that an MSM photodiode is suitable for monolithic integration due not only to the simple process but also because of its high-speed operation.
Epicardial/Mesothelial Cell Line Retains Vasculogenic Potential of Embryonic Epicardium (2003)

Recent work has demonstrated the importance of the epicardium in the development of the heart. During embryogenesis, these epithelial cells provide the progenitors for the epicardium, coronary smooth muscle, endothelium, and cardiac fibroblasts. The epicardium sends important signals to the developing myocardium. Still, analysis of these epithelial cells has lagged behind that of other cardiac cell types largely because of the lack of a defined experimental cell system in which epicardial cell differentiation can be studied. The present report examines the developmental potential of a cell line derived from rat epicardial mesothelial cells. These analyses demonstrate that the cell line retains many characteristics of the intact epithelium, including the ability to form a polarized epithelium and express many epicardial genes. Our data show for the first time that these cells retain the ability to produce mesenchyme in response to specific growth factors and, importantly, to generate smooth muscle cells. Thus, this study provides evidence that these cells can serve as an important model system for the analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern epicardial development and function.
Evidence of pudendal neuropathy in patients with perineal descent and chronic straining at stool. (1984)

In 17 women with chronic constipation, and abnormal perineal descent on straining at stool, there was more severe neurogenic damage to the external anal sphincter muscle and to its pudendal innervation in those patients with a long history than in those with a short history. These results suggest that recurrent trauma to the pudendal nerves can occur during perineal descent, and that this can lead to denervation and weakness of the external anal sphincter muscle.
The glutaminase activity of l-asparaginase is not required for anticancer activity against ASNS-negative cells (2014)

L-Asparaginase (L-ASP) is a key component of therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Its mechanism of action, however, is still poorly understood, in part because of its dual asparaginase and glutaminase activities. Here, we show that L-ASP's glutaminase activity is not always required for the enzyme's anticancer effect. We first used molecular dynamics simulations of the clinically standard Escherichia coli L-ASP to predict what mutated forms could be engineered to retain activity against asparagine but not glutamine. Dynamic mapping of enzyme substrate contacts identified Q59 as a promising mutagenesis target for that purpose. Saturation mutagenesis followed by enzymatic screening identified Q59L as a variant that retains asparaginase activity but shows undetectable glutaminase activity. Unlike wild-type L-ASP, Q59L is inactive against cancer cells that express measurable asparagine synthetase (ASNS). Q59L is potently active, however, against ASNS-negative cells. Those observations indicate that the glutaminase activity of L-ASP is necessary for anticancer activity against ASNS-positive cell types but not ASNS-negative cell types. Because the clinical toxicity of L-ASP is thought to stem from its glutaminase activity, these findings suggest the hypothesis that glutaminase-negative variants of L-ASP would provide larger therapeutic indices than wild-type L-ASP for ASNS-negative cancers.
Volume change determination of metastatic lung tumors in CT images using 3-D template matching (2009)

The ability of a clinician to properly detect changes in the size of lung nodules over time is a vital element to both the diagnosis of malignant growths and the monitoring of the response of cancerous lesions to therapy. We have developed a novel metastasis sizing algorithm based on 3-D template matching with spherical tumor appearance models that were created to match the expected geometry of the tumors of interest while accounting for potential spatial offsets of nodules in the slice thickness direction. The spherical template that best-fits the overall volume of each lung metastasis was determined through the optimization of the 3-D normalized cross-correlation coefficients (NCCC) calculated between the templates and the nodules. A total of 17 different lung metastases were extracted manually from real patient CT datasets and reconstructed in 3-D using spherical harmonics equations to generate simulated nodules for testing our algorithm. Each metastasis 3-D shape was then subjected to 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% scaling of its volume to allow for 5 possible volume change combinations relative to the original size per each reconstructed nodule and inserted back into CT datasets with appropriate blurring and noise addition. When plotted against the true volume change, the nodule volume changes calculated by our algorithm for these 85 data points exhibited a high degree of accuracy (slope = 0.9817, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9957). Our results demonstrate that the 3-D template matching method can be an effective, fast, and accurate tool for automated sizing of metastatic tumors.
The preparation and properties of purified 125I-labelled antibodies to insulin (1968)

1. A procedure is described for the preparation of an insulin-immunoadsorbent containing 105-185mg. of insulin/g. of matrix, and with an antibody-binding capacity of 660mg./g. of insulin-immunoadsorbent. 2. Purified non-precipitating (125)I-labelled antibodies were prepared by iodination of the antibodies while they were isolated on the insulin-immunoadsorbent in order to protect at least one antigen-binding site. 3. The radioactive antibody was simply and rapidly separated from other radioactive material and damaging reagents, and found to be up to 94% pure as judged by its reaction with insulin-immunoadsorbent and unfixed insulin. 4. The (125)I-labelled antibody preparations had iodine contents of 0.5-64atoms/mol. of protein and specific radioactivities of 0.3-125mc/mg. of protein. 5. It is suggested that this is a simple method of producing a useful reagent.
Nucleotide sequence and expression of the spike (S) gene of canine coronavirus and comparison with the S proteins of feline and porcine coronaviruses (1994)

We have cloned, sequenced and expressed the spike (S) gene of canine coronavirus (CCV; strain K378). Its deduced amino acid sequence has revealed features in common with other coronavirus S proteins: a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids at the amino terminus (the putative signal sequence), another hydrophobic region at the carboxy terminus (the membrane anchor), heptad repeats preceding the anchor, and a cysteine-rich region located just downstream from it. Like other representatives of the same antigenic cluster (CCV-Insavc-1 strain, feline infectious peritonitis and enteric coronaviruses, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis and respiratory coronaviruses, and the human coronavirus HCV 229E), the CCV S polypeptide lacks a proteolytic cleavage site present in many other coronavirus S proteins. Pairwise comparisons of the S amino acid sequences within the antigenic cluster demonstrated that the two CCV strains (K378 and Insavc-1) are 93.3% identical, about as similar to each other as they are to the two feline coronaviruses. The porcine sequences are clearly more divergent mainly due to the large differences in the amino-terminal (residues 1 to 300) domains of the proteins; when only the carboxy-terminal parts (residues 301 and on) are considered the homologies between the canine, feline and porcine S polypeptides are generally quite high, with identities ranging from 90.8% to 96.8% . The human coronavirus is less related to the other members of the antigenic group. A phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of the S sequences showed that the two CCVs are evolutionarily more related to the feline than to the porcine viruses. Expression of the CCV S gene using the vaccinia virus T7 RNA polymerase system yielded a protein of the expected M(r) (approximately 200K) which could be immunoprecipitated with an anti-feline infectious peritonitis virus polyclonal serum and which was indistinguishable from the S protein synthesized in CCV-infected cells.
NATURAL ANTIMICROBIALS AND THEIR ROLE IN VAGINAL HEALTH: A SHORT REVIEW. (2008)

Lactobacillus species maintain the vaginal ecosystem in a healthy condition by production of antimicrobial substances. Depletion of lactobacilli in the vagina results in bacterial vaginosis (BV), where the normal flora is replaced by several bacterial pathogens, usually Gardnerella vaginalis and obligate anaerobes. BV may cause complications such as premature labor, low birth weight and increased risk of HIV acquisition. The currently recommended antibiotic treatments for BV are not always effective and often lead to reoccurrence of the infection. In many cases, this is due to the antibiotic-resistant forms of the pathogens. Therefore, there is an interest in the development of treatments using antimicrobials derived primarily from Lactobacillus spp., such as ribosomally produced antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) and lactic acid. These substances effectively inhibit pathogenic bacteria, are safe and do not pose any threat to healthy vaginal Lactobacillus spp. It may be possible to find an effective treatment against BV while reducing the infection's reoccurrence and the treatment-related complications through hurdle technology. This would be achieved by combining antimicrobials produced by Lactobacillus spp. with different natural antimicrobials obtained from plants or other non-pathogenic organisms.