gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Model Interpretability for Precision Medicine (2016)

Interpretability of machine learning models is critical for data-driven precision medicine efforts. However, highly predictive models are generally complex and are difficult to interpret. Here using Model-Agnostic Explanations algorithm, we show that complex models such as random forest can be made interpretable. Using MIMIC-II dataset, we successfully predicted ICU mortality with 80% balanced accuracy and were also were able to interpret the relative effect of the features on prediction at individual level.
Thermal Stability of Some Metabolically Conjugated Potential Precursors of Flavor Components in Meat and Milk (1993)

ABSTRACT The stability of selected metabolic conjugates (phenylphosphate, phenylglucuronide, naphthylglucuronide, and naphthylsulfate) was evaluated in model systems. Phenylphosphate was less stable than the glucuronides and the sulfate, especially under neutral (pH 6.8) and acidic conditions (pH 1.5). Phenylphosphate was completely degraded after 1.7 hr at 100°C, and after 0.3 hr at 150°C at pH 6.8. The glucuronide and sulfate conjugates were especially stable under neutral conditions (pH 6.8) requiring > 5 hr for complete hydrolysis at 100°C. All conjugates were quite stable to hydrolysis under alkaline conditions (pH 11). The presence of certain organic solvents (ethyl acetate or ethyl ether) caused rapid hydrolysis of conjugates under very mild conditions (40°C for 30 min). This information may improve under‐standing of flavor production from animal products.
Functional Analysis of AP-2 α and μ2 Subunits (2006)

The AP-2 adaptor complex plays a key role in cargo recognition and clathrin-coated vesicle formation at the plasma membrane. To investigate the functions of individual binding sites and domains of the AP-2 complex in vivo, we have stably transfected HeLa cells with wild-type and mutant small interfering RNA-resistant alpha and mu2 subunits and then used siRNA knockdowns to deplete the endogenous proteins. Mutating the PtdIns(4,5)P2 binding site of alpha, the phosphorylation site of mu2, or the YXXPhi binding site of mu2 impairs AP-2 function, as assayed by transferrin uptake. In contrast, removing the C-terminal appendage domain of alpha, or mutating the PtdIns(4,5)P2 binding site of mu2, has no apparent effect. However, adding a C-terminal GFP tag to alpha renders it completely nonfunctional. These findings demonstrate that there is some functional redundancy in the binding sites of the various AP-2 subunits, because no single mutation totally abolishes function. They also help to explain why GFP-tagged AP-2 never appears to leave the plasma membrane in some live cell imaging studies. Finally, they establish a new model system that can be used both for additional structure-function analyses, and as a way of testing tagged constructs for function in vivo.
A 3D Facial Expression Database For Facial Behavior Research (2006)

Traditionally, human facial expressions have been studied using either 2D static images or 2D video sequences. The 2D-based analysis is incapable of handing large pose variations. Although 3D modeling techniques have been extensively used for 3D face recognition and 3D face animation, barely any research on 3D facial expression recognition using 3D range data has been reported. A primary factor for preventing such research is the lack of a publicly available 3D facial expression database. In this paper, we present a newly developed 3D facial expression database, which includes both prototypical 3D facial expression shapes and 2D facial textures of 2,500 models from 100 subjects. This is the first attempt at making a 3D facial expression database available for the research community, with the ultimate goal of fostering the research on affective computing and increasing the general understanding of facial behavior and the fine 3D structure inherent in human facial expressions. The new database can be a valuable resource for algorithm assessment, comparison and evaluation
High pressure structural study of SmNiO<sub>3</sub> (2005)

The structural changes of SmNiO3 under high pressure have been studied by means of x-ray powder diffraction with synchrotron radiation in a diamond anvil cell. The orthorhombic perovskite structure transforms into the less distorted rhombohedral structure at a pressure of 26 GPa. The volume versus pressure data are well described by a single Murnaghan equation of state, which yields a bulk modulus of 167 GPa. At 2.5 GPa the cell parameter b undergoes a small abrupt contraction that we propose is related to the expected pressure-induced metallization.
Erosion and Erosion-Corrosion of Metals (1995)

The loss of material from the surface of a metal being impacted by small, solid particles carried in a flowing gas occurs by a sequence of mechanical actions.The present work, which was presented as the plenary lecture at CORROSION/95, describes the mechanisms that occur on ductile and brittle materials and relates these mechanisms to surface loss rates. The ability of these mechanisms to be represented by mathematical models is assessed. The effects of material properties on erosion behavior is discussed. Combined erosion-corrosion surface degradation mechanisms are explained.
The New Generation of Physical Effect Colorants (2008)

Unlike traditional chemical dyes, physical pigments achieve their hues by directly manipulating light waves. This new class of materials can yield brilliant colors across the infrared and visible spectrums and produce striking pearlescent and metallic sheens. Physical pigments are being actively pursued by the printing and packaging industries, for decorative purposes, and in the areas of transportation and security.
An environmentally friendlier approach to hydrometallurgy: highly selective separation of cobalt from nickel by solvent extraction with undiluted phosphonium ionic liquids (2012)

A green solvent extraction process for the separation of cobalt from nickel, magnesium and calcium in chloride medium was developed, using undiluted phosphonium-based ionic liquids as extractants. Cobalt was extracted to the ionic liquid phase as the tetrachlorocobaltate(II) complex, leaving behind nickel, magnesium and calcium in the aqueous phase. Manganese is interfering in the separation process. The main advantage of this ionic liquid extraction process is that no organic diluents have to be added to the organic phase, so that the use of volatile organic compounds can be avoided. Separation factors higher than 50 000 were observed for the cobalt/nickel separation from 8 M HCl solution. After extraction, cobalt can easily be stripped using water and the ionic liquid can be reused as extractant, so that a continuous extraction process is possible. Up to 35 g L−1 of cobalt can be extracted to the ionic liquid phase, while still having a distribution coefficient higher than 100. Instead of hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride can be used as a chloride source. The extraction process has been upscaled to batch processes using 250 mL of ionic liquid. Tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium chloride, tri(butyl)tetradecylphosphonium chloride, tetra(octyl)phosphonium bromide, tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium bromide and Aliquat 336 have been tested for their performance to extract cobalt from an aqueous chloride phase to an ionic liquid phase. Tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 101) turned out to be the best option as the ionic liquid phase, compromising between commercial availability, separation characteristics and easiness to handle the ionic liquid.
Skin lesions due to okra (<i>Hibiscus esculentus</i> L): proteolytic activity and allergenicity of okra (1992)

The present report describes experimental studies on the proteolytic activity of the secretion on the surface of okra pods and the allergenicity of okra components, to clarify the etiology of skin lesions due to okra. Proteolytic activity was detected on the surface of immature okra pods and seemed to be sufficient to cause the skin lesions. Further, in vivo, intradermal injection of the enzyme solution prepared from immature okra pods led to increased capillary permeability in guinea pigs, in contrast to heated preparations. The fraction purified by preparative paper chromatography from an ethyl acetate extract of okra pods showed moderate allergenicity in the guinea pig maximization test. The present experimental evidence supports our suggestions from previous surveys that the proteolytic enzyme of okra may be responsible for development of skin lesions, and that allergic contact dermatitis may also play a part in addition to irritant contact dermatitis.
Significant enhancement in the photocatalytic activity of N, W co-doped TiO<sub>2</sub>nanomaterials for promising environmental applications (2012)

In this work, a mesoporous N, W co-doped TiO(2) photocatalyst was synthesized via a one-step solution combustion method, which utilized urea as the nitrogen source and sodium tungstate as the tungsten source. The photocatalytic activity of the N, W co-doped TiO(2) photocatalyst was significantly enhanced by a facile UV pretreatment approach and was evaluated by measuring the rate of photodegradation of Rhodamine B under both UV and visible (λ > 420) light. Following the UV pretreatment, the UV photocatalytic activity of the N, W co-doped TiO(2) was doubled. In terms of visible light activity, the UV pretreatment resulted in an extraordinary >12 fold improvement. In order to gain insight into this substantial enhancement, the N, W co-doped TiO(2) photocatalysts were studied using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N(2) physisorption, UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy prior to and following the UV pretreatment. Our experimental results have revealed that this significant augmentation of photocatalytic activity may be attributed to several synergetic factors, including increase of the specific surface area, reduction of the band gap energy and the removal of carbon impurities.
Excitotoxicity and nitric oxide in parkinson's disease pathogenesis (1998)

A potential role for excitotoxic processes in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been strengthened by the recent observations that there appears to be a mitochondrially encoded defect in complex I activity of the electron transport chain. An impairment of oxidative phosphorylation will enhance vulnerability to excitotoxicity. Substantia nigra neurons possess N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and there are glutamatergic inputs into the substantia nigra from both the cerebral cortex and the subthalamic nucleus. After activation of excitatory amino acid receptors, there is an influx of calcium followed by activation of neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase, which can then lead to the generation of peroxynitrite. Consistent with such a mechanism, studies of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity in both mice and primates have shown that inhibition of neuronal NO synthase exerts neuroprotective effects. Studies utilizing excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists have been inconsistent in mice but show significant neuroprotective effects in primates. These results raise the prospect that excitatory amino acid antagonists for neuronal NO synthase inhibitors might be useful in the treatment of PD.
Distribution of activity in spinal pathways evoked by experimental dorsal column stimulation (1975)

Experiments were performed in rhesus monkeys to determine the distribution of activity evoked in spinal pathways by dorsal column stimulation. It was shown that many pathways in both the dorsal and ventral quadrants of the cord can be activated either directly or transsynaptically by stimulation with electrodes of the type implanted clinically. Moreover, the transsynaptically evoked responses recorded in each quadrant had somewhat different characteristics. Therefore, since the activation of each group of pathways may have differing effects in modifying the preception of noxious stimuli, the authors believe that changes in electrode position and stimulus parameters may be important in obtaining the therapeutic value of spinal cord stimulation for relief of pain.
On the Constrained Multi‐item Single‐period InventoryProblem (1993)

Develops a procedure for solving the single period multi‐item inventory problem having budgetary and space constraints. The proposed procedure is simple to implement and allows easy sensitivity analysis with respect to the problem parameters.
ADAPT: Middleware Technologies for Adaptive and Composable Distributed Components (2004)

ADAPT (Middleware Technologies for Adaptive and Composable Distributed Components, IST-2001-37126) is a three-year Shared-Cost RTD Project funded by the Information Society Technologies Programme of the European Commission under FP5. The project runs from September 2002 until September 2005. The goal of ADAPT is to build a middleware infrastructure for supporting adaptive web services \nthat are composable even across organizational boundaries.
Comparison of 5-fluorouracil pharmacokinetics in patients receiving continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion and oral uracil plus N1-(2'-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil. (1998)

Plasma 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) levels were compared in the same patients after approximately equimolar doses (1.9 mmol/ m2/day) of 5-day continuous i.v. infusion of 5-FU (CIFU) and oral administration of a formulation of two combined pharmacological agents, uracil (U) plus N1-(2'-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (ftorafur or FT), a prodrug of 5-FU. Ten patients received CIFU for 5 days, then, after a week wash-out period, began the 28-day oral UFT regimen, which was given in three daily divided doses. Following 1 h of CIFU, the plasma 5-FU levels reached a steady state of 0.6+/-0.2 microM (mean+/-SD; day 1), which was maintained for the entire 5-day infusion period (0.6+/-0.1 microM). In contrast, the maximum 5-FU concentrations (Cpmax) generated from oral UFT at 1 h after dose administration on days 1 and 5 were 2.1+/-1.5 microM and 2.3+/-1.9 microM, respectively, which were higher than the steady-state levels during CIFU. These high 5-FU levels disappeared with an apparent elimination half-life (tl/2,beta) of 5.2+/-2.4 h (day 1) and 7.2+/-3.9 h (day 5). On day 1 of both regimens, CIFU patients had significantly larger 5-FU area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC0-8h) values (4.4+/-1.3 microM.h) than the AUC value when they received the UFT regimen (2.6+/-1.7 microM.h; P = 0.02). However, by day 5, there were no significant differences between AUC0-8 h values in patients receiving CIFU and UFT, respectively (4.8+/-1.5 microM.h versus 3.8+/-2.2 microM.h; P = 0.30)]. On day 5, the average concentration of the metabolite 5-FU at steady-state (Css,aver) within dose interval of 8 h (0.48+/-0.28 microM) for the oral UFT treatment is comparable with the Cpss values of 5-FU from CIFU-treated patients. The post-UFT generated 5-FU pharmacokinetic parameters (higher Cp(mx, comparable Css,aver, equal AUC values, and longer apparent t1/2,beta of 5-FU) may make oral UFT a preferred method of delivering this fluoropyrimidine over CIFU. In addition, oral UFT would eliminate the incidence of venous thrombosis and catheter-related infections sometimes seen in patients treated with CIFU. Furthermore, the convenience and decreased cost of oral administration may be preferable for many patients, particularly those receiving 5-FU for palliation.
Compact, Broadband, and Wide-Angle Optical Coupling for Silicon Waveguide (2012)

A novel grating coupling scheme with simultaneously broadband and wide-angle efficiency for unidirectionally coupling freely propagating light into a silicon waveguide is proposed and theoretically investigated. The coupling structure is composed of two cascaded subgratings with proper spectral and angular intervals. A semi-analytical theory based on coupled-mode model is developed to facilitate the design. Proof-of-principle demonstrations show that the spectral and angular full-width half-maximums (FWHMs) are simultaneously broadened to nearly three times at a specific wavelength or incidence angle, compared with the reference grating of the same number of periodic features. The spectral FWHM reaches 200 nm, covering E + S + C or C + L + U communication bands, and meanwhile, the angular FWHM is up to 8 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> ; if the spectral FWHM is diminished to 40 nm only covering C band, the angular FWHM will be as large as 40 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> . This paper may be of great interest in related applications such as biochemical sensing and optical interconnect.
MedDigital trends and tactics to lead into the future. (2001)

Physician executives need to harness appropriate digital technology by understanding key trends and implementing best tactics. Being and doing MedDigital means taking back control and improving care--and, at the same time, improving efficiencies and the bottom line. This article presents seven e-trends that are shaping health care: (1) Consumers and patients are pushing doctors to go digital; (2) from Web health information to MedDigital decision support; (3) beyond managed care to custom health; (4) wireless is the way of the new world; (5) Passive web portals yield to digital destinations; (6) e-commerce means lower transaction cost; and (7) develop e-health care ROI methodologies and track results. The authors provide myriad examples of new technology that will revolutionize health care and provide both physicians and consumers with valuable interactive tools to enhance health, treatment, and decision-making.
Oligidic Diets for Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) (1967)

Sixteen oligidic diets were prepared by mixing commercially available feed components in varying proportions to obtain different levels of protein and carbohydrate. Four diets with protein levels between 20% and 30% and carbohydrate between 32% and 47% gave the most satisfactory growth and development based upon survival, growth index, mean weight gain, conversion, and uniformity of growth. Additional notes are included on the effects of diet on wing length and tolerance to chemical intoxication.
Preparation and aromatization of poly‐1,3‐cyclohexadiene and subsequent crosslinking. III (1965)

Abstract The polymerization of 1,3‐cyclohexadiene with n ‐butyllithium has given white polymers with inherent viscosities up to 0.23 and conversions to 98%. Bromination and pyrolysis of these polymers lead to polyphenyls which can be successfully sulfonated. then fused in molten alkali to give phenols, and finally crosslinked with formaldehyde. The final products display good heat stability, in that there is no weight loss on heating to 400°C. and only 30% loss at 900°C.
Comparison of two media for the isolation and short-term culture of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar (1995)

Journal Article Comparison of two media for the isolation and short-term culture of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar Get access R. Sehgal, R. Sehgal 1Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, St Paneras Way, London, NW1 0PE, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mohamed Abd-Alla, Mohamed Abd-Alla 2Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A.H. Moody, A.H. Moody 1Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, St Paneras Way, London, NW1 0PE, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P.L. Chiodini, P.L. Chiodini 1Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, St Paneras Way, London, NW1 0PE, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.P. Ackers J.P. Ackers ⋆⋆ 2Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK ⋆⋆Author for correspondence. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 89, Issue 4, July-August 1995, Page 394, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(95)90023-3 Published: 01 August 1995 Article history Received: 14 February 1995 Revision received: 15 March 1995 Accepted: 15 March 1995 Published: 01 August 1995
How to teleprogram a remote intelligent robot (2002)

Considers the problem of programming a remote intervention robot with a high degree of autonomy and reasoning abilities. The authors propose a control strategy, called task-level teleprogramming, based on a specific architecture. After a brief presentation of their approach, the authors discuss in this paper developments, mainly a teleprogramming language, and illustrate them with an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The microstructure of γ-Fe&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;O&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;and its effects on the magnetization properties (1986)

Some doubts on the microstructural nature of γ-Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> were recently raised. New experimental data on the magnetics, wide and low-angle X-ray scattering, and print-through for γ-Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> are reported. It is proved that γ-Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> is composed of a mosaic of "islands" whose size is much smaller than the size detectable on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. This defective structure of the particles must, therefore, be taken into account in order to explain anomalies in print-through data for γ-Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> tapes and their overall magnetization properties. The model for γ-Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> particles which arises from this work induces a reconsideration of the magnetization reversal models for single-domain γ-Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> particles.
Identification of PCP-OFDM Signals at Very Low SNR for Spectrum Efficient Communications (2009)

An adaptive Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system, with a preceded cyclic prefix (PCP), was proposed earlier to address the recent need of robust and flexible transmission technique in cognitive radio (CR) communications [1]. Identification of PCP-OFDM signals is therefore of great importance for the design of fair spectrum sharing mechanism, particularly at very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)when synchronization is not achievable. The preceded cyclic prefix, multiplexed with the data-carrying OFDM signals, provides one unique and recognizable feature of PCP-OFDM signals. In this paper, a robust PCP-OFDM signal identification technique is proposed under very low SNR in the presence of unknown timing and carrier frequency offset (CFO). Robust performance with very low false alarm probability and short sensing time was achieved under various channel conditions including Rician, Rayleigh and the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels.