gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring dynamic cell–material interactions and remodeling during 3D human mesenchymal stem cell migration in hydrogels (2015)

Biomaterials that mimic aspects of the extracellular matrix by presenting a 3D microenvironment that cells can locally degrade and remodel are finding increased applications as wound-healing matrices, tissue engineering scaffolds, and even substrates for stem cell expansion. In vivo, cells do not simply reside in a static microenvironment, but instead, they dynamically reengineer their surroundings. For example, cells secrete proteases that degrade extracellular components, attach to the matrix through adhesive sites, and can exert traction forces on the local matrix, causing its spatial reorganization. Although biomaterials scaffolds provide initially well-defined microenvironments for 3D culture of cells, less is known about the changes that occur over time, especially local matrix remodeling that can play an integral role in directing cell behavior. Here, we use microrheology as a quantitative tool to characterize dynamic cellular remodeling of peptide-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels that degrade in response to cell-secreted matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This technique allows measurement of spatial changes in material properties during migration of encapsulated cells and has a sensitivity that identifies regions where cells simply adhere to the matrix, as well as the extent of local cell remodeling of the material through MMP-mediated degradation. Collectively, these microrheological measurements provide insight into microscopic, cellular manipulation of the pericellular region that gives rise to macroscopic tracks created in scaffolds by migrating cells. This quantitative and predictable information should benefit the design of improved biomaterial scaffolds for medically relevant applications.
A chip-less and battery-less subharmonic tag for wireless sensing with parametrically enhanced sensitivity and dynamic range (2021)

Massive deployments of wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) that continuously detect physical, biological or chemical parameters are needed to truly benefit from the unprecedented possibilities opened by the Internet-of-Things (IoT). Just recently, new sensors with higher sensitivities have been demonstrated by leveraging advanced on-chip designs and microfabrication processes. Yet, WSNs using such sensors require energy to transmit the sensed information. Consequently, they either contain batteries that need to be periodically replaced or energy harvesting circuits whose low efficiencies prevent a frequent and continuous sensing and impact the maximum range of communication. Here, we report a new chip-less and battery-less tag-based WSN that fundamentally breaks any previous paradigm. This WSN, formed by off-the-shelf lumped components on a printed substrate, can sense and transmit information without any need of supplied or harvested DC power, while enabling full-duplex transceiver designs for interrogating nodes rendering them immune to their own self-interference. Also, even though the reported WSN does not require any advanced and expensive manufacturing, its unique parametric dynamical behavior enables extraordinary sensitivities and dynamic ranges that can even surpass those achieved by on-chip sensors. The operation and performance of the first implementation of this new WSN are reported. This device operates in the Ultra-High-Frequency range and is capable to passively and continuously detect temperature changes remotely from an interrogating node.
Classification criteria for mild cognitive impairment (2001)

MCI criteria perform poorly when applied to a representative population sample. The authors propose modifications to current diagnostic criteria to increase their capacity to detect incipient dementia.
Precise Global Collision Detection in Multi-Axis NC-Machining (2004)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Effects of Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (2006)

The hormonal factor(s) implicated as transmitters of signals from the gut to pancreatic β-cells is referred to as incretin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is identified as one of the incretins. GIP is a gastrointestinal peptide hormone of 42 amino acids that is released from duodenal endocrine K-cells after absorption of glucose or fat and exerts its effects by binding to its specific receptor, the GIP receptor. By generating and characterizing mice with a targeted mutation of the GIP receptor gene, we have shown that GIP has not only an insulinotropic role, but also physiological roles on fat accumulation into adipose tissues and calcium accumulation into bone. We here propose a new acronym, GIP, for gut-derived nutrient-intake polypeptide.
Modified Types of Spouted Beds-With the gas outlet located in the side wall surrounding the annular dense bed- (1975)

So as to prevent the gas flow from leaving the apparatus without permeating the annular dense bed, the upper part of the vessel was closed and holes with screen were arranged as the gas outlet, side by side, surrounding the annular dense bed in the side wall.Hydrodynamic examination showed that the effectiveness of gas-solid contact is much improved.In addition to the above-mentioned improvement, an inner cylinder was mounted vertically in the center of the vessel for the purpose of increasing the stability of the spout.The range of conditions for stable spouting was remarkably extended by the effect of the inner cylinder.
Laser-induced lateral epitaxial growth of silicon over silicon dioxide with locally varied encapsulation (1982)

The effect and use of locally varied encapsulation thickness has been demonstrated in cw Ar laser- induced lateral epitaxial growth of silicon (Si) layers over silicon dioxide (SiO2) islands. The reflectivity of the laser light has been separately controlled in each region of the Si seed or the SiO2 island by changing the thicknesses of SiO2 and/or silicon nitride (Si3N4) caps. The technique essentially eliminates the surface ripples and thermal detachment of the laser-recrystallized Si layer, producing single crystalline layers over SiO2 islands as large as 15×80 μm and 20×40 μm.
Cementing oil and gas wells. Part 5. Guidelines for downhole equipment use, stage cementing methods, new concepts for cementing large diameter casing (1977)

Concepts and applications of cementing equipment used on casing strings during primary cementing are explained along with a discussion of stage cementing, mixing and density measuring devices, and how to cement large diameter casing by the stab-in method.
<title>Fuzzy algorithms for learning vector quantization: generalizations and extensions</title> (1995)

This paper presents a general methodology for the development of fuzzy algorithms for learning vector quantization (FALVQ). These algorithms can be used to train feature maps to perform pattern clustering through an unsupervised learning process. The development of FALVQ algorithms is based on the minimization of a fuzzy objective function, formed as the weighted sum of the squared Euclidean distances between an input vector, which represents a feature vector, and the weight vectors of the map, which represent the prototypes. This formulation leads to the development of genuinely competitive algorithms, which allow all prototypes to compete for matching each input. The FALVQ 1, FALVQ 2, and FALVQ 3 families of algorithms are developed by selecting admissible generalized membership functions with different properties. The efficiency of the proposed algorithms is illustrated by their use in codebook design required for image compression based on vector quantization.
Enhancing reliable mobile multicasting with RaptorQ FEC (2012)

A crucial point on the successful deployment of multicast services is the enhanced reliability by means of advanced error control schemes. To this direction Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has standardized exclusively for Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services (MBMS) the use of a Forward Error Correction (FEC) mechanism on the application layer based on Raptor codes. Since the standardized systematic, fountain Raptor code is now considered obsolete, the emergence of a new variant of Raptor codes, named RaptorQ, provides enhanced capabilities for mobile multicast services. In this paper, we provide a performance comparison of the standardized Raptor Application Layer FEC (AL-FEC) scheme with the very promising RaptorQ FEC code. We examine the enhancements that RaptorQ introduces on the AL-FEC protection robustness, providing a thorough performance analysis in comparison with the current Raptor FEC scheme. Furthermore, in order to verify the improved performance of RaptorQ, we provide several simulation results utilizing the ns-3 environment, considering the application of both the examined AL-FEC schemes over multicast services for next generation mobile networks.
Digitalis: new actions for an old drug (2005)

The mechanisms by which digitalis causes its therapeutic and toxic actions have been studied for nearly a half century, revealing a great deal about cardiac cell regulation of intracellular ions via the Na-K-ATPase (NKA) and how it is altered by cardiac glycosides. However, recent observations suggest that digitalis may have additional effects on cardiac cell function in both the short and long term that include intracellular effects, interactions with specific NKA isoforms in different cellular locations, effects on intracellular (including nuclear) signaling, and long-term regulation of intracellular ionic balances through circulating ouabain-like compounds. The purpose of this review is to examine the current status of a number of the newest and most interesting developments in the study of digitalis with a particular focus on cardiac function, although we will also discuss some of the new advances in other relevant cardiovascular effects. This new information has important implications for both our understanding of ionic regulation in normal and diseased hearts as well as for potential avenues for the development of future therapeutic interventions for the treatment of heart failure.
TOSCA-Based and Federation-Aware Cloud Orchestration for Kubernetes Container Platform (2019)

Kubernetes, a container orchestration tool for automatically installing and managing Docker containers, has recently begun to support a federation function of multiple Docker container clusters. This technology, called Kubernetes Federation, allows developers to increase the responsiveness and reliability of their applications by distributing and federating container clusters to multiple service areas of cloud service providers. However, it is still a daunting task to manually manage federated container clusters across all the service areas or to maintain the entire topology of cloud applications at a glance. This research work proposes a method to automatically form and monitor Kubernetes Federation, given application topology descriptions in TOSCA (Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications), by extending the orchestration tool that automatizes the modeling and instantiation of cloud applications. It also demonstrates the successful federation of the clusters according to the TOSCA specifications and verifies the auto-scaling capability of the configured system through a scenario in which the servers of a sample application are deployed and federated.
Computed tomography measurements of different dimensions of maxillary and frontal sinuses (2011)

We presented different dimensions of the maxillary and frontal sinuses on CTs. We believe that our data are necessary for further development of a clinically applicable Doppler equipment for staging rhinosinusitis.
Imaging and visualization of 3-D cardiac electric activity (2001)

Noninvasive imaging of cardiac electric activity is of importance for better understanding the underlying mechanisms and for aiding clinical diagnosis and intervention of cardiac abnormalities. We propose to image the three-dimensional (3-D) cardiac bioelectric source distribution from body-surface electrocardiograms. Cardiac electrical sources were modeled by a current dipole distribution throughout the entire myocardium, and estimated by using the Laplacian weighted minimum norm (LWMN) algorithm from body-surface potentials. The estimated inverse solution of the current distribution was further improved by using a recursive weighting strategy for localized sources, such as origins of cardiac arrhythmias. Computer simulations were conducted to test the feasibility of the proposed approach by using a 3-D ventricle model embedded in a realistically shaped torso model. The boundary element method was used to solve the forward problem from assumed cardiac sources to the body-surface potentials. Two testing dipoles were placed in the left and right ventricles, simulating the early activation associated with ventricular arrhythmias. The LWMN inverse solution showed an equivalent source distribution over the entity of both ventricles, with spread areas of activity overlying the positions of the testing dipoles. The sharpened inverse image provides well-localized focal sources near the testing dipole positions. In summary, the present computer simulation suggests that the proposed 3-D cardiac current source imaging and localization approach appears to be a promising candidate for localizing and imaging sites of origins of cardiac activation.
A respiration monitor foe use with CT body scanning and other imaging techniques (1982)

In most body imaging procedures, the effect of respiratory motion must be considered. For example, during deep inspiration the liver may move up to 75 mm caudally Weiss et al, 1972) and the CT attenuation value of lung tissue may change by over 100 Hounsfield units (Robinson & Kreel, 1979). Attempts have been made to “freeze” organ movement in radionuclide imaging by gating the detector with a physiological signal (Parkin & Unsworth, 1980; Smith et al, 1969). In conventional CT scanning, however, no gating is possible once the scan cycle has started and breath-holding techniques must be adopted. Although breath-holding may eliminate artefacts caused by respiratory motion, repeated scans at the same nominal slice position may show significant differences (Fig. 1), owing to inability to reproduce constant degrees of held inspiration or expiration. The following describes the construction and use of a respiration monitor with a “feedback” display for the patient, to aid breath-holding at consistent pre-selected levels. The equipment consists of a liquid column respiration transducer for measuring upper abdominal circumference, processing circuitry and light-emitting diode (LED) bar displays for the operator and patient.
Conversational Games‚ Belief Revision and Bayesian Networks (1997)

The paper uses a simple and abstract characterization of dialogue in terms of mental state changes of dialogue participants to raise three fundamental questions for any theory of dialogue. It goes on to discuss currently popular accounts of dialogue with respect to these three questions. Next, the notion of `conversational game&apos; is revisited within a probabilistic and decision theoretic framework, and it is argued that such an interpretation is plausible both intuitively and as the basis for computational implementation. An illustrated sketch of a proposed implementation using Bayesian networks is described. Three Questions for Dialogue A simple, rather abstract description of a canonical dialogue is that it consists of a sequence of utterances with a corresponding sequence of mental states of the participants in the dialogue. Person A has a sequence of mental states SA1 . . . SAn+1 and person B also has a sequence SB1 . . . SBn+1 . Connecting these two sequences is a third sequence, ...
Test generation for MOS circuits (1984)

Test generation for transistor switch faults is considered for nMOS combinational circuits. Examination of fault effects shows that memory and non-digital signals can result. A test strategy that accounts for MOS physical properties such as charge storage and bidirectionality is developed. Abstraction of physical effects using ternary algebra can guarantee the generation of valid tests.
Assessment and modification of pain on induction with propofol (Diprivan) (1985)

Assessment of pain on injection of the emulsified formulation of di-isopropylphenol (propofol, 'Diprivan') was undertaken in 120 unpremedicated patients and comparison made with thiopentone. A high incidence of pain (37.5%) was found using dorsal hand veins, but use of forearm veins showed only a 2.5% incidence of pain. The use of intravenous lignocaine immediately before propofol injection only partially reduced the incidence of pain using dorsal hand veins (17.5%). A degree of cardiorespiratory depression accompanied induction but the incidence of other side effects was low.
Emerging Technologies for Low‐Cost, Rapid Vaccine Manufacture (2018)

To stop the spread of future epidemics and meet infant vaccination demands in low- and middle-income countries, flexible, rapid and low-cost vaccine development and manufacturing technologies are required. Vaccine development platform technologies that can produce a wide range of vaccines are emerging, including: a) humanized, high-yield yeast recombinant protein vaccines; b) insect cell-baculovirus ADDomer vaccines; c) Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) vaccines; d) RNA vaccines. Herein, existing and future platforms are assessed in terms of addressing challenges of scale, cost, and responsiveness. To assess the risk and feasibility of the four emerging platforms, the following six metrics are applied: 1) technology readiness; 2) technological complexity; 3) ease of scale-up; 4) flexibility for the manufacturing of a wide range of vaccines; 5) thermostability of the vaccine product at tropical ambient temperatures; and 6) speed of response from threat identification to vaccine deployment. The assessment indicated that technologies in the order of increasing feasibility and decreasing risk are the yeast platform, ADDomer platform, followed by RNA and GMMA platforms. The comparative strengths and weaknesses of each technology are discussed in detail, illustrating the associated development and manufacturing needs and priorities.
NF performance at full and pilot scale (1999)

Nanofiltration pilot plants accurately represented full‐scale plant performance. Productivity and water quality from the Roy W. Likens membrane facility in Palm Coast, Fla., were accurately simulated by three membrane pilot plants in a four‐month field investigation using various sizes of a film membrane manufactured by the same company and operated under the same conditions. All plants used the same source water, groundwater that is moderately hard (330 mg/L as CaCO 3 ) and highly organic (11 mg/L non‐purgeable dissolved organic carbon, 336 trihalomethane formation potential [THMFP], 227 μg/L haloacetic acid formation potential [HAAFP]). All pilot units were built and operated according to standards in the Information Collection Rule (ICR). The average finished water quality for all membrane plants was 0.4 mg/L total organic carbon as C, 35 μg/L THMFP, and 28 HAAFP. For the full‐scale plant, membrane productivity decreased by 50 percent during five years. A second‐order resistance model more accurately described productivity over time than did a zero‐order direct mass transfer model, although both models produced statistically significant results. These results demonstrated that full‐scale plant performance could be accurately scaled up from single‐element or multistage pilot plants as specified in the ICR protocol.
Adult T-cell leukemia. Chromosome analysis of 15 cases (1983)

Chromosome studies was conducted on 15 patients with adult T-cell leukemia. Cells with chromosomal abnormality were seen in 14 of the 15 patients. The modal chromosome number was near diploid range in all the patients. The most common abnormality was 14q+ marker chromosome and partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 6, i.e., 6q-, which were seen in eight and seven cases, respectively. Donor chromosomes involved in the 14q+ marker chromosome varies, i.e., Yq, #5p, #5q, #9q, #10q or #12q, except for two patients whose donor chromosome origins were unable to determine. The break point in 14q+ marker chromosome was band at q32. The 6q- chromosome was due to a deletion in one patient and interstitial deletion in six patients. A 14q- chromosome having break point at q24 was found in one patient and duplication of Yq chromosome in two patients. In addition, four patients showed a 5q- chromosome or a 9q- chromosome which was due to a translocation or deletion. The significance of these chromosome abnormalities was discussed.
Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals (2017)

Endocrine disruptor compounds are exogenous agents able to interfere with a gland function, exerting their action across different functional passages, from the synthesis to the metabolism and binding to receptors of the hormone produced. Several issues, such as different levels and time of exposure and different action across different ages as well as gender, make the study of endocrine disruptors still a challenge. The thyroid is very sensitive to the action of disruptors, and considering the importance of a correct thyroid function for physical and cognitive functioning, addressing this topic should be considered a priority. In this review, we examined the most recent studies, many of them concentrating on maternal and child exposure, conducted to assess the impact of industrial chemicals which showed an influence on thyroid function. So far, the number of studies conducted on that topic is not sufficient to provide solid conclusions and lead to homogeneous guidelines. The lack of uniformity is certainly due to differences in areas and populations examined, the different conditions of exposures and the remarkable inter-subject variability. Nonetheless, the European Commission for Health and Food Safety is implementing recommendations to ensure that substances identified as endocrine disruptors will be withdrawn from the market.
CopyRighter: a rapid tool for improving the accuracy of microbial community profiles through lineage-specific gene copy number correction (2014)

The CopyRighter bioinformatic tools permits rapid correction of GCN in microbial surveys, resulting in improved estimates of microbial abundance, α and β diversity.
512QAM Nyquist sinc-pulse transmission at 54 Gbit/s in an optical bandwidth of 3 GHz (2012)

We demonstrate for the first time transmission of 54 Gbit/s and 48 Gbit/s over 44 km and 150 km, respectively, utilizing an optical bandwidth of only 3 GHz. We used polarization division multiplexed 512QAM and 256QAM modulation formats in combination with Nyquist pulse shaping having virtually zero roll-off. The resulting spectral efficiencies range up to 18 bit/s/Hz and 16 bit/s/Hz, respectively. Taking into account the overhead required for forward error correction, the occupied signal bandwidth corresponds to net spectral efficiencies of 14.4 bit/s/Hz and 15 bit/s/Hz, which could be achieved in a wavelength division multiplexed network without spectral guard bands.