gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Konevenagel Reaction. Kinetic study of the reaction of (+)-3-methyl-cyclohexanone with malononitrile (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKonevenagel Reaction. Kinetic study of the reaction of (+)-3-methyl-cyclohexanone with malononitrileFranklin S. Prout, Victor D. Beaucaire, Gary R. Dyrkacz, William M. Koppes, Robert E. Kuznicki, Theordore A. Marlewski, James J. Pienkowski, and Jacqueline M. PudaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 8, 1512–1517Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00948a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00948a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reappraisal of thermochemical radii for complex ions (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReappraisal of thermochemical radii for complex ionsH. D. B. Jenkins and K. P. Thakur Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 9, 576Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1979Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1979Published inissue 1 September 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/ed056p576RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1931Altmetric-Citations255LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Automatic scene relighting for video conferencing (2009)

This paper describes a new method to automatically improve scene lighting for video conferencing by learning the photometric mapping between a lower exposure and desired exposure created using High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging techniques. Once the mapping is learned in a calibration step, it can be used to transform all subsequent images, effectively producing higher dynamic range video without ghosting artifacts. A stereo algorithm is also described that allows multiple exposures to be taken at every frame, useful if the lighting of a scene changes significantly. Results show that this is an effective way to improve face lighting and therefore the overall experience of video conferencing.
Biological activities of photoaffinity labeling analogs of kinins and their irreversible effects on kinin receptors (1981)

Several analogues of bradykinin and [des-Arg9]bradykinin with potentially reactive groups have been tested for their biological activities. In these analogues, phenylalanine was replaced by the aromatic amino acid (4'-nitro)Phe, (4'-amino)Phe, (4'-azido)Phe, and (4'-diazonium)Phe, as well as with other residues. [Des-Arg9]bradykinin and the octapeptide analogues were tested on rabbit aorta strips, an assay organ containing the B1 receptor which is activated by the octapeptide [des-Arg9]bradykinin. Strips of rabbit jugular vein served as bioassays for bradykinin and the nonapeptide analogues, because the rabbit jugular vein bears the receptor B2 which is sensitive to bradykinin nonapeptides. The biological findings support the interpretation that kinins act on two different receptor types, since the potency orders of the analogues in the two bioassays are different. All potential photolabels retained reasonable affinities in the dark, except [(4'-azido)Phe8,des-Arg9]bradykinin, which, however, proved to be a weak and competitive antagonist of [des-Arg9]bradykinin on the rabbit aorta. Inactivation experiments with the unstable (4'-diazonium)Phe-containing peptides did not show any irreversible effect in the two bioassays. Photoaffinity labeling experiments with the azido and the nitro peptides gave irreversible and specific effects on both the rabbit aorta and the jugular vein. [(4'-Azido)Phe8,des-Arg9]bradykinin photolyzed at 365 nm on the rabbit aorta reduced the sensitivity of this tissue against [des-Arg9]bradykinin specifically to about one-third of its initial value. [(4'-Azido)Phe5]bradykinin reduced the sensitivity of the rabbit jugular vein to bradykinin by more than 50%. The observed irreversible effects were always loss of myotropic activity and never permanent contraction.
Geometric Determinants of Directional Cell Motility Revealed Using Microcontact Printing (2003)

Mammalian cells redirect their movement in response to changes in the physical properties of their extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesive scaffolds, including changes in available substrate area, shape, or flexibility. Yet, little is known about the cell's ability to discriminate between different types of spatial signals. Here we utilize a soft-lithography-based, microcontact printing technology in combination with automated computerized image analysis to explore the relationship between ECM geometry and directional motility. When fibroblast cells were cultured on fibronectin-coated adhesive islands with the same area (900 micrometers2) but different geometric forms (square, triangle, pentagon, hexagon, trapezoid, various parallelograms) and aspect ratios, cells preferentially extended new lamellipodia from their corners. In addition, by imposing these simple geometric constraints through ECM, cells were directed to deposit new fibronectin fibrils in these same corner regions. These data indicate that mammalian cells can sense edges within ECM patterns that exhibit a wide range of angularity and that they use these spatial cues to guide where they will deposit ECM and extend new motile processes during the process of directional migration.
Residual Stresses in Bent Tubes for Nuclear Steam Generators (1976)

Residual stresses in Inconel 600 tubes for PWR steam generators were measured using the strain gauge technique, and the results were checked by a stress corrosion test in boiling MgCl2 performed on stainless steel tubes manufactured according to the same process as the Inconel 600 tubes. It was shown that very high tensile stresses, equal to or even exceeding the yield stress, could exist as a result of the straightening, bending or roll expanding operations. The efficiency of possible stress relieving treatments was also investigated.
Optimum positioning of duct silencers in sound-rated construction (1991)

In sound-sensitive spaces, particularly sound studios constructed with high transmission loss partitions and ceilings, penetrations for mechanical system air-handling ducts are an important concern. Typically, duct silencers are provided at or near the penetrations to maintain the STC ratings of the walls and ceilings. This study looks at factors related to the optimum location of duct silencers between spaces requiring sound-rated constructions. The constructions studied are based on the actual constructions used in the CBC Broadcast Centre in Toronto
Ethidium bromide-induced loss of mitochondrial DNA from primary chicken embryo fibroblasts. (1985)

Chicken embryo fibroblasts in uridine-containing medium are inherently resistant to the growth-inhibitory effect of ethidium bromide. The drug was found to inhibit the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into mitochondrial DNA circular molecules. Mitochondrial DNA was quantitated by DNA-DNA reassociation kinetics with a probe of chicken liver mitochondrial DNA. A mean number of 604 copies of mitochondrial DNA per cell was found. This number decreased progressively in cells exposed to ethidium bromide, and by day 13 ca. one copy of mitochondrial DNA was detected per cell. When the cells were then transferred to drug-free medium, the number of copies increased very slowly as a function of time. On the other hand, analyses of DNA extracted from cell populations exposed to ethidium bromide for 20 or more days, with or without subsequent transfer to drug-free medium, revealed very little or no mitochondrial DNA by reassociation kinetics or by Southern blot hybridization of AvaI- or HindIII-digested total cellular DNA. As a result of the elimination of mitochondrial DNA molecules, the establishment of cell populations with a respiration-deficient phenotype was confirmed by measuring cytochrome c oxidase activity as a function of the number of cell generations and the absorption spectrum of mitochondrial cytochromes.
Crystal structure of a DEAD box protein from the hyperthermophile <i>Methanococcus jannaschii</i> (2001)

We have determined the structure of a DEAD box putative RNA helicase from the hyperthermophile Methanococcus jannaschii. Like other helicases, the protein contains two alpha/beta domains, each with a recA-like topology. Unlike other helicases, the protein exists as a dimer in the crystal. Through an interaction that resembles the dimer interface of insulin, the amino-terminal domain's 7-strand beta-sheet is extended to 14 strands across the two molecules. Motifs conserved in the DEAD box family cluster in the cleft between domains, and many of their functions can be deduced by mutational data and by comparison with other helicase structures. Several lines of evidence suggest that motif III Ser-Ala-Thr may be involved in binding RNA.
Bex1, a Gene with Increased Expression in Parthenogenetic Embryos, is a Member of a Novel Gene Family on the Mouse X Chromosome (1999)

Parthenogenetic and normal blastocysts were compared using differential display analysis as a means to identify new imprinted genes. A single gene was identified with increased expression in parthenogenetic blastocysts, suggesting it might be an imprinted gene expressed from the maternally inherited allele. The gene, named Bex1 (brainexpressedX-linked gene), maps near Plp on the mouse X chromosome and to Xq22 in humans. Database homology searches revealed two additional uncharacterized cDNAs similar to Bex1 that were named Bex2 and Bex3. Allele-specific expression analysis of Bex1 using F1 blastocysts indicated an excess of transcript expressed from the maternally inherited allele compared with the paternally inherited allele. This excess level of transcript derived from the maternally inherited allele may be due to imprinted X inactivation of the paternally inherited allele in the extraembryonic lineages of female embryos rather than a result of genomic imprinting.
Two Approaches to Correcting Homophone Confusions in a Hybrid Machine Translation System (2013)

In the context of a hybrid French-to-English SMT system for translating on-line forum posts, we present two meth-ods for addressing the common problem of homophone confusions in colloquial written language. The first is based on hand-coded rules; the second on weighted graphs derived from a large-scale pro-nunciation resource, with weights trained from a small bicorpus of domain language. With automatic evaluation, the weighted graph method yields an improvement of about +0.63 BLEU points, while the rule-based method scores about the same as the baseline. On contrastive manual evalua-tion, both methods give highly significant improvements (p &lt; 0.0001) and score about equally when compared against each other. 1 Introduction and
Canon Digital Rebel vs. Fuji IS-1 infrarecapd able camera (2008)

This is an article on how one might make a makeshift infrared transmitting filter using two relatively easy to obtain glass filters to substitute for a true infrared filter, the Wratten #87. This test also compares the performance of a Canon camera not designed for IR use and a Fuji IS-1 that is infrared capable. Added here in February 2008.
Feasibility of Improved Subsurface Disposal (1968)

A simplified and improved design scheme for subsurface soil absorption systems is presented. The scheme involves intermittent dosing of a cavity with a storage volume equal to the expected weekly water use in a three-bedroom home, and is based on results obtained from laboratory studies. Economics and system life are used to compare the scheme to conventional design. The scheme is economically competitive with conventional design and offers extended system life. The risks associated with the scheme are described and evaluated.
Soft-agar cloning of cells from patients with lymphoma. (1980)

Growth of cells from patients with lymphoma was promoted by feeder layers containing medium conditioned by adherent spleen cells of mineral-oil-primed BALB/c mice or by cells from a human B lymphocyte line (RPMI 1788). Sixty-five patients with all histologic types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were studied. Lymphoid colony growth was obtained in 61% of bone marrows and 50% of lymph nodes histologically involved by lymphocytic lymphoma. Conversely, colony growth was observed in only a single instance from 49 bone marrows without overt lymphoma and was not observed in cultures of normal lymph nodes, spleens, bone marrows, peripheral blood, or thymuses. Colonies appeared within four days of plating and reached peak size in 7--10 days. Plating efficiency ranged from 0.001% to 0.1%. Morphological, histochemical, and immunological studies of cells from the colonies identified them as lymphoid, and sufficient evidence is available to designate the colony-forming units as putative lymphoma stem cells.
Clinical mitochondrial genetics (1999)

The last decade has been an age of enlightenment as far as mitochondrial pathology is concerned. Well established nuclear genetic diseases, such as Friedreich’s ataxia, 1 2 Wilson disease, 3 and autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia, 4 have been shown to have a mitochondrial basis, and we are just starting to unravel the complex nuclear genetic disorders which directly cause mitochondrial dysfunction (table 1). However, in addition to the 3 billion base pair nuclear genome, each human cell typically contains thousands of copies of a small, 16.5 kb circular molecule of double stranded DNA (fig 1). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) accounts for only 1% of the total cellular nucleic acid content. It encodes for 13 polypeptides which are essential for aerobic metabolism and defects of the mitochondrial genome are an important cause of human disease. 92 93 Since the characterisation of the first pathogenic mtDNA defects in 1988, 5 13 over 50 point mutations and well over 100 rearrangements of the mitochondrial genome have been associated with human disease 94 95 ( http://www.gen.emory.edu/mitomap.html ). These disorders form the focus of this article.
Discovery of Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase: A Target with Multiple Potential Therapeutic Indications (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTDiscovery of Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase: A Target with Multiple Potential Therapeutic IndicationsHong C. Shen*† and Bruce D. Hammock*‡View Author Information† RY800-C114, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States‡ Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States*For H.C.S.: phone, 609-716-9647; e-mail, [email protected]. For B.D.H.: phone, 530-752-7519; e-mail, [email protected]Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55, 5, 1789–1808Publication Date (Web):December 14, 2011Publication History Received31 October 2011Published online17 January 2012Published inissue 8 March 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm201468jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm201468jreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4369Altmetric-Citations186LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anatomy,Ethers,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins,Urea Get e-Alerts
The Formation and Ring-Opening of Alkene Sulfides (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Formation and Ring-Opening of Alkene SulfidesEugene E. van TamelenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 7, 3444–3448Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01151a132https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01151a132research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views566Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automated <i>in situ</i> profiling of chromatin modifications resolves cell types and gene regulatory programs (2018)

Abstract Our understanding of eukaryotic gene regulation is limited by the complexity of protein-DNA interactions that comprise the chromatin landscape and by inefficient methods for characterizing these interactions. We recently introduced CUT&RUN, an antibody-targeted nuclease-cleavage method that profiles DNA-binding proteins, histones and chromatin modifying proteins in situ with exceptional sensitivity and resolution. Here we describe an automated CUT&RUN platform and apply it to characterize the chromatin landscapes of human cell lines. We find that CUT&RUN profiles of histone modifications crisply demarcate active and repressed chromatin regions, and we develop a continuous metric to identify cell-type specific promoter and enhancer activities. We test the ability of automated CUT&RUN to profile frozen tumor samples, and find that our method readily distinguishes two diffuse midline gliomas by their subtype-specific gene expression programs. The easy, cost-effective workflow makes automated CUT&RUN an attractive tool for high-throughput characterization of cell types and patient samples.
Integrated Anti-Short-Circuit Safety Circuit in CMOS SOI for Normally-On JFET (2012)

The SiC JFET is a commercially available device either as a normally-on or a normally-off configuration. The latter cascode configuration incorporates a Si MOSFET that prevents the usage of the device in harsh environment, i.e. ambient temperature greater than 200deg C. Besides the acceptance of the normally-on native device is linked to an industrial and validated solution to avoid the inherent short-circuit when operated in an inverter leg. The short-circuit appears when the inverter is powered-on and the SiC JFET drivers are not in a position to apply an off-state condition to the power switches. There is then a need for a safety circuit that provides the off-state condition to the power switches in the shortest period of time. Such a safety circuit is detailed and fabricated as an integrated circuit in SOI CMOS technology.
Flow cytometry APC‐tandem dyes are degraded through a cell‐dependent mechanism (2009)

Technological developments of multiparametric flow cytometry come along with the generation of new dyes. The APC-tandem dyes, which combine the fluorophores APC and Cy7/H7, allow the detection of a specific signal in the APC-Cy7/H7 channel along with an unexpected nonspecific signal in the APC channel. Depending on the magnitude of the latter, it may be a handicap for interpreting the data of multicolor labeling experiments. We investigated the alteration of the APC-tandem dyes by labeling peripheral blood cells with antibodies directed toward leukocyte surface proteins and by analyzing cells by flow cytometry. Our results show that the APC-Cy7/H7 tandem fluorochromes degraded over time. Nonspecific APC signal was observed with the various antibodies tested only upon cell attachment but not under bead linkage. Moreover, the percentage of degradation of the APC-Cy7/H7 dyes was dependent on the cell type analyzed. Interestingly, nonspecific APC signal strongly decreased when the metabolic activity of immunolabeled cells was inhibited or when cells were incubated with vitamin C. This study demonstrates that the APC-tandem dyes are the target of cell-dependent degradation, which may be antagonized. These findings will allow cytometer users to optimize their multicolor panels.