gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning of a gene encoding cinnamoyl ester hydrolase from the ruminai bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens E14 by a novel method (1996)

A gene (cinI) encoding a cinnamoyl ester hydrolase (CEH) has been isolated from the ruminai bacterium, Butyrivibrio fibrisohens E14, using a model substrate, MUTMAC [4-methylumbelliferoyl (p-trimethylammonium cinnamate chloride)]. CinI has significant amino-acid similarities with members of a large and diverse family of hydrolases with a serine/aspartic acid/ histidine catalytic triad. Our analyses identified two previously unclassified amino acid sequences, the amino-terminal domain of unknown function in XynZ from Clostridium thermocellum and XynC, an acetylxylan esterase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as members of the same family of hydrolases. A previously described esterase with CEH activity, XylD from Pseudomonas fluorescens ssp. cellulosa, is not similar to CinI. CinI was expressed at high levels in the periplasmic fraction of E. coli TOPP2 and released ferulic acid from Fara [5-O-(trans-feruloyl)-arabinofuranose] prepared from wheat bran.
Application of compressed carbon dioxide in the incorporation of additives into polymers (1992)

Abstract It has been found that carbon dioxide remarkably accelerates the absorption of many low molecular weight additives into a number of glassy polymers. This effect is due to the high diffusivity, solubility, and plasticizing action of compressed CO 2 in polymers. The transport of CO 2 and the effects of CO 2 pressure on the transport of other low molecular weight compounds in polymers have been studied by a simple gravimetric method: Polymer film samples were contacted in a pressure vessel with compressed CO 2 , or with CO 2 plus various organic liquids or solids, and the sample weight was followed with a fast‐response electronic balance during subsequent desorption at atmospheric pressure. Upon release of the pressure, absorbed CO 2 rapidly diffuses from the polymer, while the other compounds desorb much more slowly. The amount of additive absorbed can be determined from the plateau weight of the sample after most of the CO 2 has escaped. Extensive kinetic and equilibrium data are reported for the model system poly(vinyl chloride)/dimethyl phthalate/CO 2 , and a number of other examples of CO 2 ‐assisted additive absorption are given. This “infusion” process, in effect, amounts to the partitioning of the additive between the CO 2 ‐ and polymer‐rich phases; consequently, the relative solubility of the additive in CO 2 and in the polymer is a major factor governing the amount of additive absorbed. Data reported here illustrate the generality and potentially broad applicability of CO 2 ‐assisted polymer impregnation.
OFC 2004 workshop on optical and electronic mitigation of impairments (2005)

This paper provides an overview of OFC 2004 Workshop on Optical and Electronic Mitigation of Impairments from the perspective of the invited speakers. The workshop was held on February 23, 2004.
Complications of Total Hip Arthroplasty: MR Imaging—Initial Experience (2000)

By using simple modifications to standard MR imaging sequences, diagnostic-quality MR imaging of THA complications can be performed, particularly around the femoral prosthetic stem.
Low-Complexity Pipelined Architecture for FBMC/OQAM Transmitter (2015)

Filter-bank multi-carrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC/OQAM) is considered by recent research projects as a key enabler for the future 5G air interface. It exhibits better spectrum shape and improves mobility support compared to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). Therefore, the availability of efficient hardware implementations becomes of high interest. In this context, a novel pipelined hardware architecture of the transmitter capable of supporting several filter lengths and targeting low complexity is proposed and compared to typical FBMC/OQAM and OFDM implementations. For a short prototype filter, the proposed architecture provides a complexity reduction of 40 to 50% in terms of computational and memory resources with respect to a typical FBMC/OQAM transmitter. In addition, it greatly reduces the complexity gap to OFDM, making this modulation scheme particularly attractive from performance and implementation perspectives.
A metric for quantifying response time in a browser application (1996)

This paper presents to a performance quantification methodology for browser applications that operate in a distributed computing environment and are used in a nondeterministic way. It asserts that usability is intimately tied to response time, and that a single metric to quantify response time can be developed using probabilistic arguments. This metric incorporates both the delays inherent in the operation of a distributed application, and the observed frequency of each delay in order to create a single value that represents the responsiveness of the application.
Exploring biomarkers in head and neck cancer (2012)

Personalized medicine based on predictive markers linked to drug response, it is hoped, will lead to improvements in outcomes and avoidance of unnecessary treatment in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Recent research has shown that expression of ERCC1 may predict resistance to treatment with platinum agents. Future testing for this marker may help select the optimal type of chemotherapy. Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with less aggressive disease and better prognosis in locally advanced SCCHN treated with chemoradiation or radiation alone; HPV-positive patients may ultimately benefit from less intensive, less toxic therapy. K-RAS mutations, occurring in about 40% of colorectal cancers and associated with lack of benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies in this disease, are found in <5% of SCCHN patients, making routine testing for K-RAS mutations unwarranted at this time. Virtually all head and neck tumors overexpress EGFR, which limits the usefulness of EGFR expression as a marker for treatment selection. Although the incidence of EGFR tyrosine kinase domain mutations is very rare, a better understanding of the role of EGFR mutations, expression, amplification, and downstream effects in SCCHN may help define the role of EGFR in this setting. These observations caution against extrapolating results obtained with biomarkers in other types of cancer to SCCHN. Validation of each biomarker in the context of SCCHN clinical trials will be required before a specific marker can be incorporated into daily practice.
A three‐dimensional approach to fault seal analysis: fault‐block juxtaposition & argillaceous smear modelling (2005)

Abstract Three‐dimensional (3D) numerical modelling of fault displacement enables the building of geological models to represent the complex 3D geometry and geological properties of faulted sedimentary basins. Using these models, cross‐fault juxtaposition relationships are predicted in 3D space and through time, based on the geometries of strata that are cut by faults. Forward modelling of fault development allows a 3D prediction of fault‐zone argillaceous smear using a 3D application of the Shale Gouge Ratio. Numerical models of the Artemis Field, Southern North Sea, UK and the Moab Fault, Utah, USA are used to demonstrate the developed techniques and compare them to traditional one‐ and two‐dimensional solutions. These examples demonstrate that a 3D analysis leads to significant improvements in the prediction of fault seal, the analysis of the interaction of the sealing properties of multiple faults, and the interpretation of fault seal within the context of sedimentary basin geometry.
High-sensitive cardiac troponin T. (2013)

Cardiac troponin is the preferred biomarker for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The recent development of a high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) assay permits detection of very low levels of cTnT. Using the hs-cTnT assay improves the overall diagnostic accuracy in patients with suspected AMI, while a negative result also has a high negative predictive value. The gain in sensitivity may be particularly important in patients with a short duration from symptom onset to admission. Measurement of cardiac troponin T with the hs-cTnT assay may provide strong prognostic information in patients with acute coronary syndromes, stable coronary artery disease, heart failure and even in the general population; however, increased sensitivity comes at a cost of decreased specificity. Serial testing, as well as clinical context and co-existing diseases, are likely to become increasingly important for the interpretation of hs-cTnT assay results.
Glutamine and glutathione at ICU admission in relation to outcome (2012)

Glutamine depletion is demonstrated to be an independent predictor of hospital mortality in ICU (intensive care unit) patients. Today glutamine supplementation is recommended to ICU patients on parenteral nutrition. In addition to glutamine, glutathione may be a limiting factor in ICU patients with MOF (multiple organ failure). To study the prevalence of glutamine and glutathione depletion an observational study was performed. The results were analysed in relation to mortality and the conventional predictors of mortality outcome, APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) and SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment). Consecutive patients admitted to the ICU at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge were studied. Patient admission scoring of APACHE II and SOFA were registered as well as mortality up to 6 months. Plasma glutamine concentration and whole blood glutathione status at admittance were analysed. The admission plasma glutamine concentrations were totally independent of the conventional risk scoring at admittance, and a subnormal concentration was an independent predictor of mortality. In addition, glutathione redox status was also an independent mortality predictor, but here a normal ratio was the risk factor. In both cases the mortality risk was mainly confined to the post-ICU period. A low plasma concentration of glutamine at ICU admission is an independent risk factor for post-ICU mortality. The possible benefit of extending glutamine supplementation post-ICU should be evaluated prospectively.
Integrated Design of Organic Hole Transport Materials for Efficient Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2014)

A series of triphenylamine‐based small molecule organic hole transport materials (HTMs) with low crystallinity and high hole mobility are systematically investigated in solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells (ssDSCs). By using the organic dye LEG4 as a photosensitizer, devices with X3 and X35 as the HTMs exhibit desirable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 5.8% and 5.5%, respectively. These values are slightly higher than the PCE of 5.4% obtained by using the state‐of‐the‐art HTM Spiro‐OMeTAD. Meanwhile, transient photovoltage decay measurement is used to gain insight into the complex influences of the HTMs on the performance of devices. The results demonstrate that smaller HTMs induce faster electron recombination in the devices and suggest that the size of a HTM plays a crucial role in device performance, which is reported for the first time.
Cachexia versus sarcopenia (2010)

Although the recent definitions of sarcopenia and cachexia boost research in the field and define distinct entities, the cause behind the loss of muscle mass (whether cachexia or sarcopenia) may, however, be indistinguishable in clinical practice. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches, alone or in combination, could be targeted on both conditions.
Inhibitory Effect of Stevioside on Calcium Influx to Produce Antihypertension (2001)

Stevioside is a sweet-tasting glycoside occurring abundantly in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Compositae). It has been used popularly in Japan and Brazil as a sugar substitute for decades. Previous study has shown that it lowered blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) when administered intravenously. This study shows that intraperitoneal injection of stevioside 25 mg/kg also has antihypertensive effect in SHRs. In isolated aortic rings from normal rats, stevioside could dose-dependently relax the vasopressin-induced vasoconstriction in both the presence and absence of endothelium. However, stevioside had no effect on phenylephrine- and KCl-induced phasic vasoconstriction. In addition, stevioside lost its influence on vasopressin-induced vasoconstriction in Ca(2+)-free medium. The results indicate that stevioside caused vasorelaxation via an inhibition of Ca(2+) influx into the blood vessel. This phenomenon was further confirmed in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells (A7r5). Using 10(-5) M methylene blue for 15 min, stevioside could still relax 10(-8) M vasopressin-induced vasoconstriction in isolated rat aortic rings, showing that this vasorelaxation effect was not related to nitric oxide. The present data show that the vasorelexation effect of stevioside was mediated mainly through Ca(2+) influx inhibition.
Modeling of the generalized unified power flow controller (GUPFC) in a nonlinear interior point OPF (2001)

With the progress of installing the latest generation of FACTS devices, namely, the convertible static compensator (CSC), several innovative operating concepts have been introduced to the historic development and application of FACTS. One of the novel concepts is the generalized unified power flow controller (GUPFC) or multi-line UPFC, which can control bus voltage and power flows of more than one line or even a sub-network. The GUPFC should have stronger control capability than the UPFC. A mathematical model for the GUPFC consisting of one shunt converter and two or more series converters is developed and implemented in a nonlinear interior point OPF algorithm. Numerical results with various GUPFC devices based on the IEEE 30 bus system and IEEE 118 bus system demonstrate the feasibility as well as the effectiveness of the GUPFC model established and the OPF method proposed.
Surface modification and characterization of photon-upconverting nanoparticles for bioanalytical applications (2014)

Photon-upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) can be excited by near-infrared light and emit visible light (anti-Stokes emission) which prevents autofluorescence and light scattering of biological samples. The potential for background-free imaging has attracted wide interest in UCNPs in recent years. Small and homogeneous lanthanide-doped UCNPs that display high upconversion efficiency have typically been synthesized in organic solvents. Bioanalytical applications, however, require a subsequent phase transfer to aqueous solutions. Hence, the surface properties of UCNPs must be well designed and characterized to grant both a stable aqueous colloidal dispersion and the ability to conjugate biomolecules and other ligands on the nanoparticle surface. In this review, we introduce various routes for the surface modification of UCNPs and critically discuss their advantages and disadvantages. The last part covers various analytical methods that enable a thorough examination of the progress and success of the surface functionalization.
Evaluation of effects of MZM nonlinearity on QAM and OFDM signals in RoF transmitter (2008)

We present, both numerically and experimentally, the nonlinearity effect of the intensity modulator in RoF transmitters through the comparison between single-carrier QAM and multi-carrier OFDM signals. The acceptable RF power level of the multi-carrier OFDM signal is 2 dB less compared with the single-carrier signal for the same EVM penalty of 1%, indicating the degradation due to inter-modulation products caused by the modulator nonlinearity for OFDM RoF systems.
Scalable Memcached Design for InfiniBand Clusters Using Hybrid Transports (2012)

Mem cached is a general-purpose key-value based distributed memory object caching system. It is widely used in data-center domain for caching results of database calls, API calls or page rendering. An efficient Mem cached design is critical to achieve high transaction throughput and scalability. Previous research in the field has shown that the use of high performance interconnects like InfiniBand can dramatically improve the performance of Mem cached. The Reliable Connection (RC) is the most commonly used transport model for InfiniBand implementations. However, it has been shown that RC transport imposes scalability issues due to high memory consumption per connection. Such a characteristic is not favorable for middle wares like Mem cached, where the server is required to serve thousands of clients. The Unreliable Datagram (UD) transport offers higher scalability, but has several other limitations, which need to be efficiently handled. In this context, we introduce a hybrid transport model which takes advantage of the best features of RC and UD to deliver scalability and performance higher than that of a single-transport. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort aimed at studying the impact of using a hybrid of multiple transport protocols on Mem cached performance. We present comprehensive performance analysis using micro benchmarks, application benchmarks and realistic industry workloads. Our performance evaluations reveal that our Hybrid transport delivers performance comparable to that of RC, while maintaining a steady memory footprint. Mem cached Get latency for 4byte data size, is 4.28μs and 4.86μs for RC and hybrid transports, respectively. This represents a factor of twelve improvement over the performance of SDP. In evaluations using Apache Olio benchmark with 1,024 clients, Mem cached execution time using RC, UD and hybrid transports are 1.61, 1.96 and 1.70 seconds, respectively. Further, our scalability analysis with 4,096 client connections reveal that our proposed hybrid transport achieves good memory scalability.
On-ship Power Management and Voyage Planning Interaction (2015)

Voyage planning methods have advanced significantly in recent years to take advantage of the increasingly available computing power. With the aid of detailed weather predictions it is now possible to decide a route that is optimized with respect to some criterion. With the introduction of so called All Electric Ships; ships with diesel electric propulsion, varying the power production in order to adjust the propulsion has become easier. Incorporating a power management system with the voyage planning software on a ship allows for different techniques to reduce fuel consumption. In this thesis, three different approaches are developed, compared and combined. The first method handles the task of how to optimally share a load demand across a set of generators. The second is performing power production scheduling with respect to engine efficiencies, and finally in the third the potential in energy storage integration with the power management system is investigated. From the results, it is argued that the largest potential lies in the first approach where large fuel savings can be made without any large risk. The second approach shows potential for fuel reduction but this however is found to be heavily dependent on weather predictions and accuracy of the used models. Regarding energy storage it is found that while it is not economically feasible to increase the fuel efficiency, energy storage can be used to handle load transients and fulfil power redundancy requirements.
Using XML as an Object Interchange Format (2000)

In the ODMG standard for object databases [1], a specification language is defined to dump and load the current state of ODMG-compliant databases. In this paper we propose an alternative language, OIFML, based upon XML. 1
Adapted physical exercise enhances activation and differentiation potential of satellite cells in the skeletal muscle of old mice (2016)

During ageing, a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and a decrease in muscle strength and endurance take place, in the condition termed sarcopenia. The mechanisms of sarcopenia are complex and still unclear; however, it is known that muscle atrophy is associated with a decline in the number and/or efficiency of satellite cells, the main contributors to muscle regeneration. Physical exercise proved beneficial in sarcopenia; however, knowledge of the effect of adapted physical exercise on the myogenic properties of satellite cells in aged muscles is limited. In this study the amount and activation state of satellite cells as well as their proliferation and differentiation potential were assessed in situ by morphology, morphometry and immunocytochemistry at light and transmission electron microscopy on 28-month-old mice submitted to adapted aerobic physical exercise on a treadmill. Sedentary age-matched mice served as controls, and sedentary adult mice were used as a reference for an unperturbed control at an age when the capability of muscle regeneration is still high. The effect of physical exercise in aged muscles was further analysed by comparing the myogenic potential of satellite cells isolated from old running and old sedentary mice using an in vitro system that allows observation of the differentiation process under controlled experimental conditions. The results of this ex vivo and in vitro study demonstrated that adapted physical exercise increases the number and activation of satellite cells as well as their capability to differentiate into structurally and functionally correct myotubes (even though the age-related impairment in myotube formation is not fully reversed): this evidence further supports adapted physical exercise as a powerful, non-pharmacological approach to counteract sarcopenia and the age-related deterioration of satellite cell capabilities even at very advanced age.
Promises, Promises (1999)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsAdam PhillipsAdam Phillips, former principal child psychotherapist, Charing Cross Hospital, London.
Recognition and importance of Staphylococcus epidermidis infections. (1987)

The bacteriology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, antimicrobial susceptibility, and therapy of Staphylococcus epidermidis infections are reviewed. Staph. epidermidis is often regarded as a culture contaminant, but its importance as a pathogen has been recognized in recent years. Except for native-valve endocarditis, most Staph. epidermidis infections are hospital-acquired. Staph. epidermidis is a common cause of infections involving indwelling foreign devices, surgical wound infections, and bacteremia in immunocompromised patients. The occult nature of these infections and low virulence of the organism make diagnosis and treatment difficult. Staph. epidermidis isolates from nosocomial infections frequently are resistant to methicillin; however, resistant isolates often appear to be susceptible to methicillin unless reliable methods of susceptibility testing are used. Cross-resistance between methicillin and cephalosporins occurs in vitro. Virtually all Staph. epidermidis isolates are susceptible in vitro to vancomycin and rifampin. Penicillin G, semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillins, and cephalosporins are effective for the treatment of methicillin-sensitive Staph. epidermidis infections. Vancomycin is the drug of choice for infections caused by methicillin-resistant organisms. Vancomycin, combined with rifampin or gentamicin, or both, is recommended for therapy of serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant strains. Staph. epidermidis is an important pathogen in immunocompromised patients and patients who develop nosocomial bacteremia; treatment usually consists of antimicrobial therapy and removal of indwelling catheters or devices.