gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Study of Left Tracheal Pulse Oximetry (2000)

We tested the hypothesis that left tracheal pulse oximetry (SpO(2)) is more accurate than finger SpO(2) when compared with oxygen saturation from arterial blood samples (SaO(2)) in anesthetized patients with normal thoracic anatomy. We also tested the hypothesis that tracheal oximetry readings are primarily derived from the tracheal mucosa. We studied 20 hemodynamically stable, well oxygenated, anesthetized patients with normal anatomy (ASA physical status I-III, 18-80 yr old). A single-use pediatric pulse oximeter was attached to the left lateral surface of a tracheal tube cuff. Tracheal and finger SpO(2) (dominant index finger), and SaO(2) (nondominant radial artery) were taken with the intracuff pressure at 0-60 cm H(2)O. Tracheal SpO(2) was the same as SaO(2) at an intracuff pressure of 10-60 cm H(2)O, but was less when the intracuff pressure was zero (P<0.0001). Tracheal SpO(2) was higher than finger SpO(2) at an intracuff pressure of 10-60 cm H(2)O (all: P <0.001), but was lower when the intracuff pressure was zero (P< 0.0001). SaO(2) was always higher than finger SaO(2) (P<0.0001). Tracheal SpO(2) was lower at an intracuff pressure of zero (P< 0.0001), but was otherwise similar over the range of intracuff pressures. SaO(2) and finger SpO(2) did not vary with intracuff pressure. Tracheal SpO(2) agrees more closely with SaO(2) than finger SpO(2) at an intracuff pressure of 10-60 cm H(2)O (mean difference < 0.2%). We conclude that left tracheal SpO(2) is feasible and provides similar readings to arterial blood samples and more accurate readings than finger oximetry in hemodynamically stable, well oxygenated, anesthetized patients with normal thoracic anatomy. Tracheal oximetry readings are not primarily derived from the tracheal mucosa. The technique merits further evaluation.
Rapid Small-Scale Column Tests for Arsenate Removal in Iron Oxide Packed Bed Columns (2005)

Arsenate breakthrough in column studies with a porous granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) was investigated in model waters and groundwaters. In this study, the use of rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) initially designed for simulating the removal of organic compounds by granular activated carbon was extended for arsenate adsorption onto GFH. Adsorption kinetic studies and a comparison of laboratory RSSCT performance versus pilot-scale performance suggests that proportional diffusivity (PD) RSSCT scaling approaches are more valid than constant diffusivity (CD) approaches for arsenate onto GFH. Adsorption densities from column tests (qcolumn) were calculated at the point in the breakthrough curve when arsenate equaled 10 μg/L in the column effluent. For a simulated 2.5 min empty-bed contact time (EBCT), a model water (pH=8.6) had qcolumn values of 0.99 to 1.5 mgAs/gGFH versus 0.02 to 0.28 mgAs/gGFH with a comparable pH and EBCT in a natural groundwater. The differences were attributed to the silica, phosphate, vanadium, and other adsorbable inorganics in the groundwater. At pH 7.6 to 7.8, qcolumn values from PD-RSSCTs in the three natural waters were comparable (1.5±0.3 mgAs/gGFH) and higher than CD-RSSCT qcolumn values (0.57±0.26 mgAs/gGFH) in the three natural waters. All the RSSCTs captured changes in water quality (source water and pH) and operational regimes (e.g., EBCTs) and could be used to aid in the selection and design of arsenic removal media for full-scale treatment facilities.
Methods for Sample Preparation for Direct Immunoassay Measurement of Analytes in Tissue Homogenates: <scp>ELISA</scp> Assay of Amyloid β‐Peptides (2002)

Use of low abundance analytes in whole tissue homogenates has been realized with the development of assays in which a specific analyte is captured and detected using immunological reagents. One of the many advantages of analyte immunoassay in crude homogenates is its relative simplicity, allowing high throughput analysis of samples. In this unit, some major key determinants in sample and standard preparation and handling are described that have been shown to improve the performance and reliability of these assay systems. The ELISA assay of amyloid peptides from brain tissue is described as an example, since the protocols for this analysis exemplify many of the techniques and problems that are encountered in the development of new assays.
MR Colonography Without Colonic Cleansing (2001)

Fecal tagging obviates bowel cleansing and should, therefore, enhance patient acceptance for MR colonoscopy. Barium used as the tagging agent is promising because it is inexpensive, commercially available, and characterized by an excellent safety profile.
The fetal origins hypothesis: placental insufficiency and inheritance versus maternal malnutrition in well‐nourished populations (2002)

The 'Fetal origins hypothesis' states that individuals born small because of malnutrition are predisposed to adult diseases. Fetal malnutrition has two main causes, poor maternal nutrition and placental insufficiency. A distinction between these causes is important because it is likely that maternal nutrition has been sufficient in the majority of populations in which the fetal origins hypothesis has been tested. Thus, placental insufficiency is a more reasonable cause of reduced fetal growth in adequately nourished populations. Placental insufficiency is mainly due to inadequate vascular adaptation at the uteroplacental interface ('poor placentation'). Among women with placental insufficiency syndromes such as pre-eclampsia and 'idiopathic' intrauterine growth retardation, there is an increased prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Maternal cardiovascular risk factors may therefore increase the risk of adult diseases in the offspring both through direct inheritance and by interfering with uteroplacental vascular adaptation. The latter may result in placental insufficiency and fetal growth retardation that by itself could cause adult disease (as the Fetal origins hypothesis states). Alternatively, the association between low birth weight for gestational and adult disease could be an epiphenomenon, leaving inheritance as the main explanation for the fetal origins hypothesis, in adequately nourished populations.
Influence of the cyano group on orientation of nucleophiles to aryne. 1. Reaction of isomeric halobenzonitriles with alkali amides in liquid ammonia (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of the cyano group on orientation of nucleophiles to aryne. 1. Reaction of isomeric halobenzonitriles with alkali amides in liquid ammoniaEdward R. Biehl, William Stewart, Alan Marks, and Perry C. ReevesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 21, 3674–3677Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01335a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01335a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views174Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Methane to Chloromethane by Mechanochemical Activation: A Selective Radical Pathway (2019)

State-of-the-art processes to directly convert methane into CH<sub>3</sub>Cl are run under corrosive conditions and typically yield a mixture of chloromethanes requiring subsequent separation. We report a mechanochemical strategy to selectively convert methane to chloromethane under overall benign conditions, employing trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) as a cheap and noncorrosive solid chlorinating agent. TCCA is shown to release active chlorine species upon milling with Lewis acids such as alumina and ceria to functionalize methane at moderate temperatures (<150 °C). A thorough parameter optimization led to a maximum methane chlorination rate of 0.8 μmol(CH<sub>4,conv</sub>) (g(catalyst) s)<sup>-1</sup>. Findings were compared to the thermal reaction of methane with TCCA and evidenced that mechanochemical activation permitted significantly lower reaction temperatures (90 vs 200 °C) at a drastically improved CH<sub>3</sub>Cl selectivity (95% vs 66% at 30% conversion). Considering the characterization of the interaction between TCCA and Lewis acids as well as the in-depth analysis of byproducts, we suggest a plausible reaction mechanism and a possible regeneration of the chlorinating agent.
[Attempted suicide by intake of pholedrine]. (1983)

It is reported on an attempted suicide of a 21-year old female patient with a lethal dose of 60 to 80 tablets pholedrine longo. A pulmonary oedema could be observed in the patient. This was accompanied by hypotensive crises of blood pressure, which compelled us to use dopamin. Under therapy a stabilization of the behaviour of the patient could be achieved. Pathological liver values were diagnosed. The findings got were discussed and compared with the data of former publications.
Self-healing polymers with PEG oligomer side chains based on multiple H-bonding and adhesion properties (2015)

Copolymers with a PEG oligomer side chain present high surface energies and adhesion properties; they also can quickly self-heal the crack interfaces spontaneously at ambient temperature.
Design and FPGA prototyping of a bit-interleaved coded modulation receiver for the DVB-T2 standard (2010)

Signal Space Diversity (SSD) has been lately adopted into the second generation of the terrestrial digital video broadcasting standard DVB-T2. In this paper, a bit-interleaved coded modulation receiver for the DVB-T2 standard is detailed. An LDPC decoder based on a vertical layered schedule is the main novelty of this work. It enables an efficient exchange of extrinsic information between the rotated demapper and the LDPC decoder if an iterative receiver is considered. The design and the FPGA prototyping of the resultant architecture are then described. Low architecture complexity and good performance represent the main features of the proposed receiver.
Electromagnetic field calculations for a sphere illuminated by a higher-order Gaussian beam II Far-field scattering (1998)

A previously developed theoretical procedure for determination of electromagnetic fields associated with the interaction of a higher-order Gaussian beam with a homogeneous spherical particle is used to investigate the effects of incident beam type on far-field scattering. Far-field scattering patterns are calculated for (0,0), (0,1), and (1,1) mode Hermite-Gaussian beams and for the helix doughnut mode beam. The effects of incident beam type on the angular distribution of far-field scattering, for both on-sphere-center and off-sphere-center focusing, are examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods to Produce B—C, B—P, B—N and B—S Bonds in Boron Clusters (2013)

Abstract Review: 82 refs.
Text classification using ESC-based stochastic decision lists (1999)

We propose a new method of text classification using stochastic decision lists. A stochastic decision list is an ordered sequence of IF-THEN rules, and our method can be viewed as a rule-based method for text classification having advantages of readability and refinability of acquired knowledge. Our method is unique in that decision lists are automatically constructed on the basis of the principle of minimizing Extended Stochastic Complexity (ESC), and with it we are able to construct decision lists that have fewer errors in classification. The accuracy of classification achieved with our method appears better than or comparable to those of existing rule-based methods.
Functional Analysis of the DXDDTA Motif in Squalene-Hopene Cyclase by Site-directed Mutagenesis Experiments: Initiation Site of the Polycyclization Reaction and Stabilization Site of the Carbocation Intermediate of the Initially Cyclized A-Ring (1999)

In order to clarify the function of the DXDDTA motif in squalene-hopene cyclase and to identify the acidic amino acid residues crucial for the catalysis, site-directed mutagenesis experiments were carried out. The following results were found: (1) residues D374 and D376 work for the initiation of polyolefin cyclization which arises from the proton attack on the terminal double bond; (2) residue D377 stabilizes C-10 carbocation of the initially cyclized A-ring intermediate, leading to subsequent B-ring closure, which was further verified by isolating the partially cyclized monocyclic product; (3) residues D313 and D447 outside the DXDDTA motif were identified as new active sites; (4) the H451 residue is likely to work in the protonated form to enhance the acidity of the carboxyl groups of D374 and/or D376.
Geminin predicts adverse clinical outcome in breast cancer by reflecting cell‐cycle progression (2004)

Geminin inhibits DNA replication by preventing Cdt1 from loading minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins onto DNA. The present study has investigated whether the frequency of geminin expression predicts clinical outcome in breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry was used first to examine geminin expression in normal and malignant breast tissue (n = 67). Correlations with cell-cycle parameters, pathological features, and clinical outcome were then determined using an invasive breast carcinoma tissue microarray (n = 165). Breast carcinomas were scanned for mutations (n = 61) and copy number imbalances (n = 241) of the geminin gene. Finally, the cell cycle distribution of geminin in breast cancer cells was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Despite a putative tumour suppressor function, it was found that increased geminin expression is a powerful independent indicator of adverse prognosis in invasive breast cancer. Both poor overall survival (p = 0.0002) and the development of distant metastases (p = 0.005) are predicted by high geminin expression, which performs better in this patient cohort than traditional factors currently used to determine prognosis and appropriate therapy. No mutations or deletions of the geminin gene and no evidence that a high frequency of protein expression is related to gene amplification were found. It is shown that geminin is expressed from S to M phase in breast carcinoma tissue and cell lines, disappearing at the metaphase--anaphase transition. While MCM proteins identify all non-quiescent cells, geminin identifies the sub-fraction that have entered S phase, but not exited mitosis, thereby indicating the rate of cell-cycle progression. It is suggested that this explains its unexpected value as a prognostic marker in breast cancer.
Thymidylate synthase expression pattern is a prognostic factor in patients of colorectal cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil. (2004)

High intratumoral expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) has been reported as a factor of poor prognosis in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), but such association is unclear in some studies. Also, TS has been stated as a typical cytosolic enzyme, but nuclear location has been occasionally reported, and data on the clinical meaning of TS intracellular location are scarce. A retrospective study was performed in paraffin-embedded sections of primary tumor from 77 CRC patients treated with surgical resection and adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy. TS levels and expression patterns were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHQ) using TS-106 antibody. Qualitative and quantitative variables were compared respectively by chi2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests; overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank and Wilcoxon tests. TS was cytoplasmic in 27.1% of positive tumors and both, nuclear and cytoplasmic in 72.9%; specimens from seven patients (9.1%) lacked TS expression. TS levels were high in 21.6% of tumors with nuclear expression and low in 5.6%, whereas 68.4% of cytoplasmic ones showed low immunostaining intensity (p=0.02); cytoplasmic pattern was also associated to longer OS (p<0.009) and DFS (p=0.003). In patients with nuclear expression, low TS expression was associated to shorter OS (p<0.003) and DFS (p<0.04). These results indicate that, in our study, TS immunostaining patterns were related with OS and DFS, the best prognostic corresponding to cytoplasmic one, and, within the subset of patients with nuclear expression, low TS levels were associated to worse clinical outcome.
Notes- Unsymemetrical Quaternary Carbon Compounds. III. The Preparation and Resolution of Trialkylacetic Acids (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- Unsymemetrical Quaternary Carbon Compounds. III. The Preparation and Resolution of Trialkylacetic AcidsFranklin Prout, Bohdan Burachinsky, William Brannen, Jr., and Herbert YoungCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 5, 835–838Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1960Publication History Published online14 March 2003Published inissue 1 May 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01075a607https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01075a607research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oxygenation of Bisphenol A to Quinones by Polyphenol Oxidase in Vegetables (2002)

To understand conversion of bisphenol A and its related compounds under some chemical and biological environments, oxidation of these compounds was performed. Bisphenol A was oxidized to monoquinone and bisquinone derivatives by Fremy's salt, a radical oxidant; but salcomine and alkali did not catalyze the oxidation by molecular oxygen. Bisphenol A, bisphenol B, and 3,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bisphenol were converted to their monoquinone derivatives in the presence of oxygen and polyphenol oxidase from mushroom at 25 degrees C at pH 6.5. Among crude enzyme solutions of fruits and vegetables, potato, mushroom, eggplant, edible burdock, and yacon showed remarkable oxidative activity on bisphenol A. The highest activity was observed in potato, and the main product obtained by the enzymatic oxygenation was the monoquinone derivative of bisphenol A, accompanied by a small amount of the bisquinone derivative. The oxidation reactions found here will be useful for developing techniques for elimination of phenolic endocrine disrupters from the environment.
Bubble Dynamics in Boiling Under High Heat Flux Pulse Heating (1991)

A new theoretical model of bubble behavior in boiling under high heat flux pulse is presented. The essence of the model is nucleation in the superheated liquid followed by instantaneous formation of a vapor film, rapid bubble growth due to the pressure impulse, and cavitation bubble collapse. To check the model, boiling of methanol under 5 ~ 50 MW m−2 heat flux pulse using a small thin film heater has been experimentally investigated. When the heat flux was relatively low (< 20 MW m−2), a bubble grew in a hemispherical shape. When the heat flux was extremely high (> 20 MW m−2), many small bubbles nucleated and combined into a vapor film. The bubble behavior in the latter case is explained well by the model.
Smooth Muscle Cell–Derived Adenosine Inhibits Cell Growth (1996)

Several endogenous factors generated within the vessel wall have been implicated in contributing to the vascular remodeling process associated with hypertension and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, substances generated by smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are known to regulate SMC proliferation in an autocrine fashion. Adenosine is a vasodilator synthesized by SMCs, and exogenous adenosine inhibits SMC proliferation. However, whether adenosine produced endogenously has antimitogenic effects is not known. Hence, we evaluated the effects of SMC-derived adenosine on 2.5% fetal calf serum-induced proliferation of rat aortic SMCs. SMC proliferation was assayed by measurement of DNA synthesis ([3H]thymidine incorporation) and cell counting. To determine the effects of endogenous adenosine on SMC proliferation, we stimulated growth-arrested SMCs with 2.5% fetal calf serum in the presence and absence of modulators of adenosine levels, including (1) erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine hydrochloride (EHNA; inhibits adenosine deaminase), (2) dipyridamole (blocks adenosine transport and inhibits phosphodiesterase), (3) dipyridamole plus EHNA, and (4) adenosine with or without EHNA. [3H]Thymidine incorporation and cell number were measured after 24 and 96 hours, respectively. EHNA and dipyridamole inhibited both FCS-induced DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, extracellular (in medium) adenosine levels were significantly increased when cultured cells were treated with EHNA, and the inhibitory effects of dipyridamole as well as exogenous adenosine were enhanced in the presence of EHNA. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of dipyridamole and EHNA on DNA synthesis were significantly reduced in the presence of KF17837, an A2 adenosine receptor antagonist. These results indicate that SMC-derived adenosine can inhibit SMC proliferation. Hence, it is possible that a defect in localized adenosine synthesis within the vessel wall could contribute to vascular thickening and neointima formation.
Mapping Intracellular Temperature Using Green Fluorescent Protein (2012)

Heat is of fundamental importance in many cellular processes such as cell metabolism, cell division and gene expression. (1-3) Accurate and noninvasive monitoring of temperature changes in individual cells could thus help clarify intricate cellular processes and develop new applications in biology and medicine. Here we report the use of green fluorescent proteins (GFP) as thermal nanoprobes suited for intracellular temperature mapping. Temperature probing is achieved by monitoring the fluorescence polarization anisotropy of GFP. The method is tested on GFP-transfected HeLa and U-87 MG cancer cell lines where we monitored the heat delivery by photothermal heating of gold nanorods surrounding the cells. A spatial resolution of 300 nm and a temperature accuracy of about 0.4 °C are achieved. Benefiting from its full compatibility with widely used GFP-transfected cells, this approach provides a noninvasive tool for fundamental and applied research in areas ranging from molecular biology to therapeutic and diagnostic studies.