gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron density and collision frequency of microwave-resonant-cavity-produced discharges (1993)

A review of perturbation diagnostics applied to microwave resonant cavity discharges is presented. The classical microwave perturbation technique examines the shift in the resonant frequency and cavity quality factor of the resonant cavity caused by low-electron density discharges. However, the modifications presented allow the analysis to be applied to discharges with electron densities beyond the limit predicted by perturbation theory. An ‘‘exact’’ perturbation analysis is presented which models the discharge as a separate dielectric, thereby removing the restrictions on electron density imposed by the classical technique. The ‘‘exact’’ method also uses measurements of the shifts in the resonant conditions of the cavity. Third, an electromagnetic analysis is presented which uses a characteristic equation, based upon Maxwell’s laws, and predicts the discharge conductivity based upon measurements of a complex axial wave number. By allowing the axial wave number of the electromagnetic fields to be complex, the fields are experimentally and theoretically shown to be spatially attenuated. The diagnostics are applied to continuous-wave microwave (2.45 GHz) discharges produced in an Asmussen resonant cavity. Double Langmuir probes, placed directly in the discharge at the point where the radial electric field is zero, act as a comparison with the analytic diagnostics. Microwave powers ranging from 30 to 100 W produce helium and nitrogen discharges with pressures ranging from 0.5 to 6 Torr. Analysis of the data predicts electron temperatures from 5 to 20 eV, electron densities from 1011 to 3×1012 cm−3, and collision frequencies from 109 to 1011 s−1.
65 Years of Fracturing Experience: The Key to Better Productivity is Not What we Have Learned but What we Have Forgotten and Failed to Utilize! (2013)

Abstract Many engineers today do not have the training needed to fully understand the importance of fracture mechanics principles and are easily overwhelmed in trying to deal with proper proppant and fluid selections, perforation design and strategy, and on-site quality control of the fracturing process. The unfortunate reality is that many fracture designs are improperly engineered with critical reservoir and hydraulic fracture parameters either ignored or improperly addressed. Many completions are either marginally economical or produce at reduced commercial rates. Regardless of reservoir type, it is critically important to achieve a highly conductive hydraulic fracture that provides connectivity between the reservoir and the wellbore. Since its inception, fracturing and completion knowledge has expanded exponentially allowing the oil and gas industry to develop ultra-low permeability unconventional reservoirs. During the 1980's and 1990's technology pioneers such as Holditch, Nolte, Warpinski, Veatch, and others, further developed the principles of fracturing which recognize the importance of critical fracture parameters and their effect upon initial productivity and ultimate recovery. These gains in expertise have resulted in unprecedented activity in the Bakken, Eagle Ford, Barnett, Haynesville, and Marcellus with increasing activity in new reservoirs such as the Utica, Niobrara, and Mississippian. Although each of these reservoirs is unconventional, each is uniquely different with respect to lithology, permeability, and hydrocarbon chemistry and interaction. This paper will challenge the industry notion that infinitely conductive fractures are being placed in many unconventional completions. It further addresses the critical fracturing parameters required to achieve a high conductivity fracture, why they are important, and how to achieve proper proppant and fluid treatment designs. The importance of these fundamental principles is documented and illustrated by several case histories which demonstrate the value of achieving high conductivity fractures and the effects of improper design. This paper should be of great value to completion and operations engineers to help further their knowledge with regard to the importance of fracture conductivity and connectivity in all hydraulic fracturing applications.
Auditory localization of nearby sources. III. Stimulus effects (1999)

A series of experiments has examined the auditory localization of a nearby (< 1 m) sound source under four conditions: (1) a fixed-amplitude condition where loudness-based distance cues were available; (2) a monaural condition where the contralateral ear was occluded by an ear-plug and muff; (3) a high-pass condition where the stimulus bandwidth was 3 Hz to 15 kHz; and (4) a low-pass condition where the stimulus bandwidth was 200 Hz to 3 kHz. The results of these experiments were compared to those of a previous experiment that measured localization performance for a nearby broadband, random-amplitude source [Brungart et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 1956-1968 (1999)]. Directional localization performance in each condition was consistent with the results of previous far-field localization experiments. Distance localization accuracy improved slightly in the fixed-amplitude condition relative to the earlier broadband random-amplitude experiment, especially near the median plane, but was severely degraded in the monaural condition. Distance accuracy was also found to be highly dependent on the low-frequency energy of the stimulus: in the low-pass condition, distance accuracy was similar to that in the broadband condition, while in the high-pass condition, distance accuracy was significantly reduced. The results suggest that low-frequency interaural level differences are the dominant auditory distance cue in the proximal region.
The bifurcation of liquid bridges (1990)

Details of the shape of the liquid bridge joining a nascent water drop to its parent body are presented for times before, after and at the instant of bifurcation when the drop is created and also when the secondary droplet is formed. After the instant of bifurcation there is ‘unbalanced’ surface tension which gives an impulse to the rest of the fluid causing strong surface deformations. The major point of this work is to draw attention to the strong up–down asymmetry at each bifurcation point. The geometric similarity at each bifurcation instant supports the conjecture that the flow converges to just one similarity solution of the type described by Keller & Miksis (1983) in which only surface tension and inertia are important. Features of the flow before and after bifurcation are discussed.
Reaction of human skin chymotrypsin-like proteinase chymase with plasma proteinase inhibitors (1989)

The ability of plasma proteinase inhibitors to inactivate human chymase, a chymotrypsin-like proteinase stored within mast cell secretory granules, was investigated. Incubation with plasma resulted in over 80% inhibition of chymase hydrolytic activity for small substrates, suggesting that inhibitors other than alpha 2-macroglobulin were primarily responsible for chymase inactivation. Depletion of specific inhibitors from plasma by immunoadsorption using antisera against individual inhibitors established that alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-AC) and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) were responsible for the inactivation. Characterization of the reaction between chymase and each inhibitor demonstrated in both cases the presence of two concurrent reactions proceeding at fixed relative rates. One reaction, which led to inhibitor inactivation, was about 3.5 and 4.0-fold faster than the other, which led to chymase inactivation. This was demonstrated in linear titrations of proteinase activity which exhibited endpoint stoichiometries of 4.5 (alpha 1-AC) and 5.0 (alpha 1-PI) instead of unity, and SDS gels of reaction products which exhibited a banding pattern indicative of both an SDS-stable proteinase-inhibitor complex and two lower Mr inhibitor degradation products which appear to have formed by hydrolysis within the reactive loop of each inhibitor. At inhibitor concentrations approaching those in plasma where inhibitor to chymase concentration ratios were in far excess of 4.5 and 5.0, the rate of chymase inactivation by both serpin inhibitors appeared to follow pseudo-first order kinetics. The "apparent" second order rate constants of inactivation determined from these data were about 3000-fold lower than the rate constants reported for human neutrophil cathepsin G and elastase with alpha 1-AC and alpha 1-PI, respectively. This suggests that chymase would be inhibited about 650-fold more slowly than these proteinases when released into plasma. These studies demonstrate that although chymase is inactivated by serpin inhibitors of plasma, both inhibitors are better substrates for the proteinase than they are inhibitors. This finding along with the slow rates of inactivation indicates that regulation of human chymase activity may not be a primary function of plasma.
The Role of Location and Visual Saliency in Capturing Attention to Outdoor Advertising (2016)

ABSTRACT The current authors9 research addressed the importance of a billboard9s location and visual saliency in capturing consumer attention. Visual saliency refers to an advertisement9s ability to stand out and attract attention because of its use of color, shading, and compositional design. Building on data from an existing eye-tracking study from the Traffic Audit Bureau for Media Measurement, Inc. (TAB, renamed Geopath in September 2016), the authors found that visual salience has some, but limited, influence on drivers9 attention to billboard advertising. Rather, a billboard9s location contributed more to the understanding of the distribution of attention in complex environments like roadside advertising. These billboard attributes explained two-thirds of the observed variance in the author9s models.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation: a complication of Babesia canis infection in the dog. (1979)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is described as a complication of Babesia canis infection in the dog. B. canis infection in the dog is characterized as a mild (uncomplicated) or severe (complicated) disease. The clinical, coagulation and haematological, pathological and histopathological findings of the severe disease are described. Thrombocytopenia is reported as occurring in both the mild and severe forms of B. canis infection in the dog.
Thermoelectric Characteristics of the Electroplated Bi-Te Films and Photoresist Process for Fabrication of Micro Thermoelectric Devices (2007)

Thermoelectric properties of the electrodeposited Bi-Te films and photoresist process have been investigated to apply for thermoelectric thin film devices. After plating in Bi-Te solutions of 20 mM concentration, which were prepared by dissolving and into 1M , thermoelectric properties of the films were characterized with variation of the Te/(Bi+Te) ratio in a plating solution. With increasing the Te/(Bi+Te) ratio in the plating solution from 0.5 to 0.65, Seebeck coefficient of Bi-Te films changed from to and electrical resistivity was lowered from to due to the increase in the electron concentration. Maximum power factor of was obtained for the Bi-Te film with the stoichiometric composition. Using multilayer overhang process, the photoresist pattern to form thermoelectric legs of 30 m depth and 100m diameter was successfully fabricated fur micro thermoelectric device applications.
Power Management System for Embedded RTOS: An Object Oriented Approach (2006)

Power management systems for embedded devices can be developed in operating system (OS) or in applications. If power management policy is applied in OS, then developers can concentrate only on application development. OS contains specific and accurate information about the various tasks being executed. Therefore, it is logical to place algorithms that place components not being used into lower power states. This can significantly reduce the energy consumption by the system. Real-time-operating-system (RTOS) has a comprehensive set of power management application programming interfaces (APIs) for both device drivers and applications within a power management component. In this paper, we provide abstracted concepts of a system power manager (PM), device power managers, and application power managers. We present relationship and interactions of these managers with each using Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams, sequence diagrams and state charts. We recommend that PM must be implemented at operating system level in any embedded device. We also recommend the interfaces for interactions between PM and the devices power manager, as well as PM and application power manager. Device driver and application developers can easily use this object oriented approach to make the embedded system more power efficient, easy to maintain, and faster to develop
Isomer distribution ratios of phenols in aromatic hydroxylation with the hydroxyl radical generated from .alpha.-azohydroperoxide in anhydrous organic media. Comparison with Fenton's reagent (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsomer distribution ratios of phenols in aromatic hydroxylation with the hydroxyl radical generated from .alpha.-azohydroperoxide in anhydrous organic media. Comparison with Fenton's reagentTakahiro Tezuka, Nozomu Narita, Wataru Ando, and Shigeru OaeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 11, 3045–3049Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00401a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00401a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views442Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bessel–Gauss resonator with spherical output mirror: geometrical- and wave-optics analysis (2003)

A detailed study of the axicon-based Bessel-Gauss resonator with concave output coupler is presented. We employ a technique to convert the Huygens-Fresnel integral self-consistency equation into a matrix equation and then find the eigenvalues and the eigenfields of the resonator at one time. A paraxial ray analysis is performed to find the self-consistency condition to have stable periodic ray trajectories after one or two round trips. The fast-Fourier-transform-based Fox and Li algorithm is applied to describe the three-dimensional intracavity field distribution. Special attention was directed to the dependence of the output transverse profiles, the losses, and the modal-frequency changes on the curvature of the output coupler and the cavity length. The propagation of the output beam is discussed.
Auto-Clustering of Conversation Corpus Based on Syntactic, Semantic and Pragmatic Features (2013)

To understand natural language accurately, we not only need to do natural language morphology and syntactic analysis, but also need to combine semantic knowledge and pragmatic information with a specific context. Due to short knowledge and lack in background information of conversation corpus which related to the pragmatic, there is a long way to go for computer fully understand natural language. In this paper, the pragmatic features were added to the text vector space model of language spoken conversation, and hierarchical clustering is executed. Our experimental results show that the clustering effect with pragmatic features outperforms than non-pragmatic features, and precision, recall rate and F values of the former were increased by 6.67%, 6.34% and 6.6%, respectively. It indicates that pragmatic information has played an important role in enhancing the effect of the text clustering.
Analytic connectivity of $k$-uniform hypergraphs (2015)

In this paper, we study the analytic connectivity of a $k$-uniform hypergraph $H$, denoted by $α(H)$. In addition to computing the analytic connectivity of a complete $k$-graph, we present several bounds on analytic connectivity that relate it with other graph invariants, such as degree, vertex connectivity, diameter, and isoperimetric number.
4K-UHD real-time HEVC encoder with GPU accelerated motion estimation (2017)

This paper proposes an efficient implementation of an HEVC encoder with highly parallelized motion estimation on GPUs. It is an obstacle to parallelization of conventional motion estimation that the processing results of the neighboring blocks are used for efficient data compression. This paper especially proposes two new methods on the encoder for relaxing the data dependencies by dividing the motion estimation process into multiple steps and using the results of the previous steps, instead of the results of neighboring blocks in the same step. This allows the full use of many processor cores on GPUs while maintaining compression efficiency. The experimental results show that the proposed encoder achieves 60 fps real-time encoding for 4K-UHD sequences and 10x speed-up with an acceptable small bit-rate increase compared to the x265 encoder.
Quadrupole magnetic field-flow fractionation for the analysis of magnetic nanoparticles (2005)

Field-flow fractionation (FFF) is an analytical scale separation and characterizatio technique for macromolecules and particles. A quadrupole magnetic FFF device has bee constructed for analyzing magnetic nanoparticles. It is shown to give reproducible results and be capable of distinguishing between different lots of a commercial magnetic nanoparticle material.
The windowed moments change test: A novel technique for assessing stationarity in network traffic (2008)

Change detection schemes are used in numerous applications, ranging from industrial quality control over component failure in telecommunications networks to edge detection in images. Next to general schemes solving the theoretical problem, several application-specific solutions were developed. In this paper, we look at the problem from a network engineer’s point of view, more specifically related to building network traffic models. We first describe an automated version of a commonly used technique. Next, we introduce a novel change detection scheme that is able to classify a network trace based on the stationarity of its rate, variance or any higher order moment. This scheme employs a discrete traffic representation. Its use can be generalized to detecting and localizing changes in any given time series.
Synthesis of Cyclohexane Quaternary Ammonium Salts (1956)

In order to find hypotensive drugs, synthesis of cyclohexane derivatives was attempted and cis-1, 4-bis(trimethylammoniummethyl)cyclohexane dibromide, its di (hydrogen tartrate), cis-1, 4-bis(1′-methylpyrrolidiniummethyl)cyclohexane dibromide, and its di (hydrogen tartrate), and their trans compounds were obtained. During the course of this work, it was found that the reduction of diethyl terephthalate with Raney nickel catalyst afforded entirely different reduction products according to the degree of washing with water after alkali treatment of Raney nickel.
X-ray Reflectivity Characterization of ZnO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Multilayers Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition (2002)

Specular X-ray reflectivity (XRR) has been employed in the characterization of a novel series of ZnO/Al2O3 multilayer materials prepared by atomic layer deposition in a custom-built hot-wall reactor. All multilayers studied are approximately 1200 Å thick and consist of 1−128 ZnO/Al2O3 bilayer subunits. Reflectivity data are treated both qualitatively and quantitatively by computer-aided simulation and modeling. Surface roughness is observed to increase dramatically with increasing ZnO layer thickness. ZnO density is determined to be within 5% of bulk values, while the Al2O3 layers exhibit densities less than 80% of that expected for crystalline alumina. Thickness parameters determined by computer simulation correspond to deposition rates of 1.71 and 1.28 Å/reaction cycle for ZnO and Al2O3, respectively. XRR-determined thickness and density parameters are in clear quantitative agreement with analyses of single-component films by other techniques. Conventional and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction show the ZnO layers to be polycrystalline above a critical layer thickness of approximately 10 Å. The Al2O3 layers are amorphous.
Kneading and molding of ceramic microparts by precision powder injection molding (PIM) (2006)

Abstract This paper investigates the kneading and formability of microparts made using alumina in micro‐powder injection molding. In this study, quality feedstock with uniform powder dispersion was achieved when optimum kneading process was performed. In addition, the thin microplates were successfully manufactured using a custom‐made injection machine. Shrinkage was significantly reduced in microspecimens when the mold temperature was increased to 70°C. The results of flow visualization were conformed to that of experiments in this study. A very important result for flow visualization and experiment was molten polymer filled the cavity by shortest period producing a least shrinkage in microparts. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 892–899, 2006
Site-Selective Metal Patterning/Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching on GaAs Substrate Through Colloidal Crystal Templating (2009)

The fabrication of nano-/microsized columns and hole arrays on an n-GaAs substrate was carried out using a combination of colloidal crystal templating, electroless plating/two-step catalyzation, and subsequent metal-assisted chemical etching. Using self-assembled polystyrene spheres as a mask, metal particles, specifically Ag and Pd, were selectively deposited at the interspaces between the polystyrene spheres, resulting in the formation of metal honeycomb patterns on GaAs. Ordered GaAs column arrays were then fabricated by the chemical etching of the GaAs originating from the honeycomb-patterned Ag and Pd metals, which acted as etching catalysts. Each metal catalyst resulted in the formation of a characteristic etched structure and etching depth. Pd-etched column arrays exhibited conical structures, while Ag-etched specimens showed slender column structures owing to the anisotropic etching of the GaAs. Moreover, patterned-GaAs slender grooves exhibiting triangular cross sections were fabricated by Ag-assisted chemical etching. To obtain the groove structures, honeycomb-structural polystyrene spheres were used as an etching mask. After the chemical etching of the GaAs, patterned slender grooves were formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Pyrrolines by an Intramolecular Wittig Reaction. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.