gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Volatile Disinfection Byproduct Formation Resulting from Chlorination of Organic−Nitrogen Precursors in Swimming Pools (2007)

Clinical studies have documented the promotion of respiratory ailments (e.g., asthma) among swimmers, especially in indoor swimming pools. Most studies of this behavior have identified trichloramine (NCl3) as the causative agent for these respiratory ailments; however, the analytical methods employed in these studies were not suited for identification or quantification of other volatile disinfection byproducts (DPBs) that could also contribute to this process. To address this issue, volatile DBP formation resulting from the chlorination of four model compounds (creatinine, urea, L-histidine, and L-arginine) was investigated over a range of chlorine/precursor (Cl/P) molar ratios. Trichloramine was observed to result from chlorination of all four model organic-nitrogen compounds. In addition to trichloramine, dichloromethylamine (CH3NCl2) was detected in the chlorination of creatinine, while cyanogen chloride (CNCl) and dichoroacetonitrile (CNCHCl2) were identified in the chlorination of L-histidine. Roughly 0.1 mg/L (as Cl2) NCl3, 0.01 mg/L CNCHCl2, and 0.01 mg/L CH3NCl2 were also observed in actual swimming pool water samples. DPD/FAS titration and MIMS (membrane introduction mass spectrometry) were both employed to measure residual chlorine and DBPs. The combined application of these methods allowed for identification of sources of interference in the conventional method (DPD/FAS), as well as structural information about the volatile DBPs that formed. The analysis by MIMS clearly indicates that volatile DBP formation in swimming pools is not limited to inorganic chloramines and haloforms. Additional experimentation allowed for the identification of possible reaction pathways to describe the formation of these DBPs from the precursor compounds used in this study.
A Comparison of U.S. and Chinese Performance Measurement Legislation (2016)

This study reviews the development of performance measurement in the United States and China, and compares the differences in related legislation between the two countries. U.S. performance measurement legislation is more sophisticated and advanced than that in China. China’s economic development has contributed to the lag in performance measurement legislation and philosophy. It is meaningful for China to learn from the U.S. experience to improve its performance measurement. This study proposes some suggestions to improve Chinese performance measurement legislation.
Selection of optimum parameters for pulse Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelection of optimum parameters for pulse Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonanceEdwin D. Becker, James A. Ferretti, and Prem N. GambhirCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 9, 1413–1420Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50045a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50045a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views480Altmetric-Citations149LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fourier transformation of arterial Doppler waveforms of the lower extremity (2004)

Abnormal waveforms could be characterized by the predominant amplitude of the H1, phase delay of the H1 and H2, and shortening of the relative phase of the H3. These parameters may be useful in the evaluation of Doppler waveforms in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Windows 98 bible (1998)

A tutorial/reference to the new capabilities of Windows 98, including Internet Explorer 4, Active Desktop, Outlook Express, FrontPad, Web Publishing Wizard, NetMeeting and TV Viewer. The book provides clear instructions for beginners, and coverage of advanced features for experienced users.
Recent advances in cellulase technology (1976)

Interest in studies of cellulase activities of micro-organisms has increased in recent years because it is hoped that such studies may contribute to the solution of some of our current pressing economic problems. Cellulose is the only organic material that is annually replenishable in very large quantities. The utilization of this resource is greatly simplified if cellulose is first hydrolyzed to its monomer, glucose. This conversion could be accomplished by either acid or enzymatic hydrolysis. When using acid, expensive corrosion proof equipment if required. Moreover, the crystalline structure of cellulose makes it very resistant to acid so that the temperature and acid concentration needed to achieve hydrolysis also cause decomposition of the resulting sugars so that yields of glucose are low and the syrups contain unwanted by-products and reversion compounds. The enzymes on the other hand are specific for cellulose and related polysaccharides and they do not react with impurities that may be present in waste cellulose. Moreover, the reaction takes place at moderate conditions so glucose is not degraded and enzymatically produced syrups are fairly pure and constant in composition. This paper is a review of the recent efforts at Natick to develop a practical process for enzymatic saccharification of waste cellulose and produce cheap technical glucose.
Oncogenic mutations of the PIK3CA gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (2008)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are heterodimeric lipid kinases that regulate cellular activities such as proliferation, survival, motility and morphology. Recent studies reported that the p110alpha (PIK3CA), catalytic subunit of PI3-kinase is somatically mutated in human cancers. Hot- spot mutations (E542K, E545K and H1047R) are reported to have higher oncogenic potential. Although PIK3CA mutations were reported in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) of limited ethnicity, the functional consequences of HNSCC-associated PIK3CA mutations have not been examined. Status of PI3K signaling related genes (PTEN-RAS-EGFR) in the presence of PIK3CA mutation have not been reported. In this study, we analyzed exons 9 and 20 of PIK3CA in 54 samples, including 17 HNSCC cell lines, 19 Indian and 18 Vietnamese primary tumors. We found mutations in 29.4% (5/17) of HNSCC cell lines, 10.5% (2/19) of Indian tumors and no mutation (0/18) in Vietnamese tumors. Two homozygous PIK3CA mutations were found in cell lines and a novel insertion mutation with oncogenicity in Indian tumor. Analysis of PI3K signaling related genes showed that PIK3CA and PTEN mutations were mutually exclusive, though PTEN mutation is uncommon in HNSCC. However, PIK3CA mutation coexisted with H-RAS mutation. Furthermore, PIK3CA mutations were mutually exclusive to EGFR amplification. All the 5 mutants that we found in HNSCC, showed increased PI3 kinase activities, followed by growth factor independent higher colony forming efficiency, changes in morphology, higher rates of migration and invasion compared with PIK3CA wild-type. Our study is the first to examine the oncogenic potential of PIK3CA mutants associated with HNSCC and report on PIK3CA mutations in Indian and Vietnamese ethnicity. These results suggest that PIK3CA mutations in HNSCC are likely to be oncogenic and may significantly contribute to HNSCC carcinogenesis and pave attractive target for therapeutic prevention.
Health Indicators Related to Disease, Death, and Reproduction (2019)

One of the primary goals of epidemiology is to quantify various aspects of a population's health, illness, and death status and the determinants (or risk factors) thereof by calculating health indicators that measure the magnitudes of various conditions. There has been some confusion regarding health indicators, with discrepancies in usage among organizations such as the World Health Organization the, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the CDC of other countries, and the usage of the relevant terminology may vary across papers. Therefore, in this review, we would like to propose appropriate terminological definitions for health indicators based on the most commonly used meanings and/or the terms used by official agencies, in order to bring clarity to this area of confusion. We have used appropriate examples to make each health indicator easy for the reader to understand. We have included practical exercises for some health indicators to help readers understand the underlying concepts.
Lessons learned through commissioning and analyzing data from transformer differential installations (2008)

Ensuring correct setting and installation of a transformer differential relay is critical. A transformer differential relay must detect internal faults, damaging overloads, and through-fault currents while remaining secure against misoperation. The ability to use wye-connected current transformers with microprocessor-based relays has simplified installations, and these relays provide better commissioning tools than those available with traditional relays. However, installations and commissioning remain complicated. Installation and settings errors continue to be widespread, implying a need for more rigorous commissioning tests. Even with greater commissioning effort, occasional wiring problems develop over time, and these can best be resolved through analysis of relay event-report data. In the interest of reducing transformer differential misoperations, we share in this technical paper practical lessons we have learned through experience with commissioning and relay event-report analysis.
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibition for Preventing Cardiovascular Events (2019)

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) facilitates exchange of triglycerides and cholesteryl ester between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein B100-containing lipoproteins. Evidence from genetic studies that variants in the CETP gene were associated with higher blood HDL cholesterol, lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lower risk of coronary heart disease suggested that pharmacological inhibition of CETP may be beneficial. To date, 4 CETP inhibitors have entered phase 3 cardiovascular outcome trials. Torcetrapib was withdrawn due to unanticipated off-target effects that increased risk of death, and major trials of dalcetrapib and evacetrapib were terminated early for futility. In the 30,000-patient REVEAL (Randomized Evaluation of the Effects of Anacetrapib through Lipid Modification) trial, anacetrapib doubled HDL cholesterol, reduced non-HDL cholesterol by 17 mg/dl (0.44 mmol/l), and reduced major vascular events by 9% over 4 years, but anaceptrapib was found to accumulate in adipose tissue, and regulatory approval is not being sought. Therefore, despite considerable initial promise, CETP inhibition provides insufficient cardiovascular benefit for routine use.
Evidence of a Dominant Lineage of Vibrio cholerae-Specific Lytic Bacteriophages Shed by Cholera Patients over a 10-Year Period in Dhaka, Bangladesh (2011)

Lytic bacteriophages are hypothesized to contribute to the seasonality and duration of cholera epidemics in Bangladesh. However, the bacteriophages contributing to this phenomenon have yet to be characterized at a molecular genetic level. In this study, we isolated and sequenced the genomes of 15 bacteriophages from stool samples from cholera patients spanning a 10-year surveillance period in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Our results indicate that a single novel bacteriophage type, designated ICP1 (for the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh cholera phage 1) is present in all stool samples from cholera patients, while two other bacteriophage types, one novel (ICP2) and one T7-like (ICP3), are transient. ICP1 is a member of the Myoviridae family and has a 126-kilobase genome comprising 230 open reading frames. Comparative sequence analysis of ICP1 and related isolates from this time period indicates a high level of genetic conservation. The ubiquitous presence of ICP1 in cholera patients and the finding that the O1 antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serves as the ICP1 receptor suggest that ICP1 is extremely well adapted to predation of human-pathogenic V. cholerae O1.
Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol in Anaerobic Freshwater Lake Sediments (1990)

In methanogenic sediments the xenobiotic compound 2,4-dichlorophenol is transformed via reductive dechlorination into 4-chlorphenol, which then is sequentially converted via phenol to benzoate (under CO2 fixation), which via acetate/CO2/H2 is degraded finally to CH4 and CO2. This proposed sequence is based on determinations of accumulated intermediates and on end products in various enrichment cultures. We conclude that each of the given sequential steps are catalyzed by different anaerobic microorganisms. Transformation of dichlorophenol occurs between 5 and 50°C exhibiting a linear response in the Arrhenius graph between 16 and 30°C. The subsequent transformation steps have similar temperature ranges, with the smallest range for the dechlorination of 4-chlorophenol (17 to 38°C). This dechlorination step apparently is the rate limiting step in the degradation chain of 2,4-dichlorophenol. It also is the most critical one, since accumulated 4-chlorophenol inhibits the other reactions. The pH-optimum for 2,4-dichlorophenol is around 8.5, whereas it is around pH 7.0 for 4-chlorophenol, phenol, and benzoate. Sulfate, nitrate and NaCl (above 2.5%) are inhibitory for the dechlorination. We have obtained a fast growing, 2,4-dichlorophenol dehalogenating, stable enrichment culture. The addition (0.1 % inoculum tested) of this culture to sediments which previously did not exhibit anaerobic dechlorination induced dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol without a noticeable lag period.
Vitamin D and female fertility (2014)

In women undergoing in-vitro fertilization, a sufficient vitamin D level (≥30 ng/ml) should be obtained. Vitamin D supplementation might improve metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. A high vitamin D intake might be protective against endometriosis.
Vapor‐Phase Microprinting of Multicolor Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Device Arrays (2013)

Multicolor electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) pixel patterning by organic vapor jet printing (OVJP) is demonstrated, showing that this technique is capable of rapidly generating high-definition full-color displays. The resolution limits, and means to achieve them are described using a combination of simulation and experimental approaches.
Inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation by anopheline antiplatelet protein, a saliva protein from a malaria vector mosquito (2007)

During blood feeding, mosquitoes inject saliva containing a mixture of molecules that inactivate or inhibit various components of the hemostatic response to the bite injury as well as the inflammatory reactions produced by the bite, to facilitate the ingestion of blood. However, the molecular functions of the individual saliva components remain largely unknown. Here, we describe anopheline antiplatelet protein (AAPP) isolated from the saliva of Anopheles stephensi, a human malaria vector mosquito. AAPP exhibited a strong and specific inhibitory activity toward collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The inhibitory mechanism involves direct binding of AAPP to collagen, which blocks platelet adhesion to collagen and inhibits the subsequent increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i). The binding of AAPP to collagen effectively blocked platelet adhesion via glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and integrin alpha(2)beta(1). Cell adhesion assay showed that AAPP inhibited the binding of GPVI to collagen type I and III without direct effect on GPVI. Moreover, intravenously administered recombinant AAPP strongly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo in rats. In summary, AAPP is a malaria vector mosquito-derived specific antagonist of receptors that mediate the adhesion of platelets to collagen. Our study may provide important insights for elucidating the effects of mosquito blood feeding against host hemostasis.
Relationship of oxidative events and DNA oxidation in SENCAR mice to <i>in vivo</i> promoting activity of phorbol ester-type tumor promoters (1993)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as being involved in tumor promotion processes. However, the mechanism by which ROS modulate tumor promotion has not as yet been elucidated. In this report, we show that phorbol ester-type tumor promoters (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate [TPA], mezerein and 12-O-retinoylphorbol-13-acetate [RPA]), which vary in their in vivo potencies, also differ in their effect on formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidation of normal bases to 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine [HMdU] and 8-hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG] in the DNA of SENCAR mouse epidermis, though they are equipotent in causing infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Treatment of SENCAR mice with the chemopreventive agents (-)-epigallocatechin gallate or tamoxifen (6.5 nmol) prior to application of TPA (6.5 nmol) diminished PMN infiltration, and formation of H2O2, HMdU and 8-OHdG. These results strengthen the evidence that ROS are involved in tumor promotion, and that generation of ROS and the subsequent oxidative DNA modification are related to the tumor-promoting potencies of the different phorbol ester-type promoters.
Multi-projector techniques for real-time visualizations in everyday environments (2006)

Article Share on Multi-projector techniques for real-time visualizations in everyday environments Author: O. Bimber View Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGGRAPH '06: ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 CoursesJuly 2006 Pages 4–eshttps://doi.org/10.1145/1185657.1185799Online:30 July 2006Publication History 1citation17DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads17Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Vision based pedestrian detection using Histogram of Oriented Gradients, Adaboost &amp; Linear Support Vector Machines (2012)

Pedestrian detection systems are valuable in a variety of applications such as in advanced driver assistance systems and advanced robots. This study presents a pedestrian detection system that uses Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) as feature descriptor, and AdaBoost and Linear Support Vector Machines (SVM) as classifiers. The entire system is tested and evaluated in both publicly available databases and personally acquired videos. The pedestrian detection system has been tested and results show that it can detect pedestrians. Experiments showed that the system is up 20% faster compared to OpenCV's default detector.
Preparation of PAN Spinning Solution with Fine Dispersion of Cellulose Microparticles (2015)

This study suggested the optimum conditions for the stable dispersion of cellulose microparticles in PAN spinning dope, which was prepared for spinning the fiber. Many research studies have investigated methods for preparing a variety of carbon fiber precursors in an attempt to control their characteristics according to the applications. In order to prepare PAN fiber that contains fine cellulose particles, it is important to create a uniformly dispersed spinning dope. Minimization of the cellulose particle size was subjected to heat treatment at various temperatures in order to reduce the cohesive force from the hydrogen bonds between the cellulose molecules. Carbonized cellulose microparticles were obtained for efficient dispersion using the physical method and the sedimentation method. Several instrumental analyses were conducted to study the characteristics of the particles and solutions with SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and a particle size analyzer. From the results, the dispersion of the PAN spinning dope with a chemical treatment was superior to the milling method followed by heat treatment. In this study, heat-treating cellulose microparticles at 400°C was found to be the most effective method.
Merged Sagnac-Michelson interferometer for distributed disturbance detection (1997)

An interferometric technique is described to detect and locate perturbations along an optical fiber. This distributed sensor has a position dependent response to time-varying disturbances such as strain or temperature. These disturbances cause a phase shift which is detected and converted to spatial information, The sensor consists of a Sagnac interferometer merged with a Michelson interferometer. This is achieved by a frequency selective mirror in the center of the Sagnac-loop. The sensor is illuminated by two light sources with wavelengths /spl lambda//sub 1/ and /spl lambda//sub 2/, respectively. The mirror reflects /spl lambda//sub 1/ and transmits /spl lambda//sub 2/, causing the interferometer to operate as a Michelson at wavelength /spl lambda//sub 1/ and as a Sagnac at wavelength /spl lambda//sub 2/. Any time-varying perturbation on, the fiber will, result in a signal at /spl lambda//sub 2/ proportional to the product of the rate of phase change caused by the perturbation and the distance of the perturbation relative to the position of the mirror. The output of the Michelson interferometer at wavelength /spl lambda//sub 1/ is proportional to the phase change caused by the unknown perturbation. By dividing the output of the Sagnac interferometer by the time rate of change of the Michelson interferometer signal, the position of the disturbance relative to the mirror is located. Results obtained with a 200 m-distributed fiber sensor are discussed.
Rheology and microrheology of a microstructured fluid: The gellan gum case (2007)

Particle tracking microrheology is used to study the effect of a constant applied shear during gelation of aqueous gellan gum with a monovalent salt. Shear modifies the gellan gum hydrogel microstructure and the bulk rheological properties of the system, depending on whether shear is applied during gelation or afterwards. The microstructure determines the linear elastic response of the gel, as well as the critical strain and stress above which the response becomes nonlinear. Bulk oscillatory rheology is used to study microstructured gellan gum hydrogels at different polymer and salt concentrations. The similarity between our system and concentrated microgel particle suspensions can be explained by considering the microstructured gellan system to be composed of microgel particles whose size is set by the applied shear stress magnitude during gelation. Polymer concentration and ionic strength control the individual microgel particles ’ elastic properties. We also find the gellan system exhibits an isoenergetic transition from the jammed to un-jammed state when sheared, similar to jammed colloidal systems &quot;C. G. Robertson and X. R. Wang, a!Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; electronic mail: