gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of Aprotinin in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery (2004)

SUMMARY The use of aprotinin in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) attenuates activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, preserves platelet function, and reduces some inflammatory processes. The clinical outcomes in children as a result of these effects have varied among studies and patient populations, however, this is probably in large part due to variations in dosing regimens. Nevertheless, improved clinical outcomes have been consistently demonstrated in neonates undergoing primary sternotomies and in children undergoing repeat sternotomies or lung transplantation with the use of aprotinin. Such clinical outcomes create a strong argument for the routine administration of aprotinin to these subsets of children. The magnitude of beneficial clinical outcomes after aprotinin administration is dose‐dependent so, while a definitive dosing regimen has not been established for children, higher dose regimens should be employed. Indeed, the use of some very high dose regimens have indicated that aprotinin may even be beneficial in children, other than neonates, undergoing primary sternotomies. The occurrence of adverse effects from the use of aprotinin in children is low but allergic reactions from repeat exposures, especially within six months of the prior use of aprotinin, must be anticipated and guidelines followed to minimize their occurrence and effects. Aprotinin is a potent part of a clinician's arsenal when dealing with children undergoing CPB and its cost‐effective improvement of clinical outcomes justifies its consideration when planning the management strategy of these children.
Therapy of human ovarian carcinoma xenografts using doxorubicin encapsulated in sterically stabilized liposomes (1993)

The encapsulation of doxorubicin in long-circulating liposomes significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of the drug against a human ovarian carcinoma.
Virtual Lab for Online Cyber Security Education (2014)

In this paper, the authors describe their experience of designing a virtual lab architecture capable of potentially providing thousands of students with a hands-on learning experience in support of an online educational offering. The authors discuss alternative approaches of designing a virtual lab and address the criteria in selecting the optimal deployment method. The authors suggest that virtualization offers a significant instructional advantage in delivering a cost effective and flexible hands-on learning experience.
Pilot open label study with alprazolam (U31, 889) in outpatients with neurotic depression. (1976)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>The <i>Labour Force Survey Annual Eurostat Datasets</i> form the UK component of the <i>European Union Labour Force Survey</i> (EU LFS), and consist of a subset of core variables from the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey (held at the UK Data Archive under GN 33246), alongside primary and secondary derived variables computed by Eurostat from the core variables supplied. The data comprise seasonal or calendar quarters, depending on the date, and are not directly comparable with the UK QLFS quarters. Although all datasets in this series are called 'annual', from 1999-2008 they only include data for quarter two of the survey year, as the questions were only asked in this quarter. From 2009, the questions were asked all year. Quarterly EU LFS datasets from 1999 onwards are also available (see under GN 33366) and 'ad hoc' modules (run each year to supplement the information from the core EU LFS questionnaire) are available from 2002 onwards (see under GN 33400). <br> <br> Users should note that the LFS Eurostat datasets available from the UK Data Archive comprise UK data only, and no data from other EU countries are included here. Further information about the EU LFS can be found on the Eurostat <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/EU_labour_force_survey" title="EU Labour Force Survey">EU Labour Force Survey</a> webpage.<br> <br> The UK Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a unique source of articulated information using international definitions of employment and unemployment and economic inactivity, together with a wide range of related topics such as occupation, training, hours of work and personal characteristics of household members aged 16 years and over. The first LFS was conducted in 1973 and continues to be one of the reasons for carrying out the survey. Eurostat co-ordinates information from labour force surveys in the European Union (EU) member states in order to assist the EU in such matters as the allocation of the Social Fund. Between 1984 and 1991 the survey was carried out annually, and moved to a quarterly cycle (the QLFS) from May 1992. Further information may be found in the main LFS documentation (see link below).<br> <br> <b>LFS Documentation (main LFS)</b><br> Besides the EU LFS documentation (see below), documentation is also available to accompany the main UK LFS datasets available from the Archive. This largely consists of the latest version of each document alongside the appropriate questionnaire for the year concerned. However, LFS documentation volumes are updated periodically by ONS, so users are advised to check the ONS <a href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/method-quality/specific/labour-market/labour-market-statistics/index.html" title="LFS User Guidance">LFS User Guidance</a> pages before commencing analysis.<br> <br>
RELATIONSHIP OF USDA QUALITY GRADES TO PALATABILITY OF COOKED BEEF<sup>1</sup> (1987)

ABSTRACT Prime carcasses produced loin and round steaks that were more palatable (P < 0.05) than were those from carcasses of Choice through Canner (7 grades) in 85.7% of comparisons and from carcasses of Choice through Standard (3 grades) in 69.0% of comparisons; comparable percentages were 71.4% (6 grades) and 42.9% (2 grades) for Choice and 74.3% (5 grades) and 35.7% (1 grade) for Good. Among Prime through Standard carcasses, grade predicted flavor, tenderness and overall palatability of loin steaks with 30 to 38% accuracy, but could explain no more than 8% of the variation in panel ratings/shear force values of round steaks.
Molecular analysis of a 66-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of Lyme disease Borrelia (1995)

A 66-kDa protein (p66) associated with the outer membrane of Lyme disease Borrelia was analysed at the molecular level. The chromosomal genes encoding p66 in B. burgdorferi B31, B. afzelii ACAI, and B. garinii Ip90 were sequenced. Database searches revealed that the p66 gene sequences were homologous to a previously reported gene fragment of unknown function. The deduced amino acid sequences of p66 in different Lyme disease borreliae were 92–94% identical and had no homologs in the databases. Proteolytic cleavage patterns of p66 and a computer-predicted single trans-membrane helix suggested the presence of surface-exposed epitopes on the C-terminus.
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Part II: Clinical Applications (1986)

The clinical applications of SPECT are just beginning to be defined since complete systems have only recently become available. SPECT studies are more difficult to perform than planar imaging studies, and close attention to quality control is important to obtain optimal studies. SPECT has higher lesion contrast and is able to detect smaller lesions than planar imaging in Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver studies. Preliminary results of SPECT T1-201 studies are encouraging, but further work comparing SPECT and planar imaging of T1-201 is needed. SPECT does give more information than planar imaging in certain bone imaging cases such as suspected avascular necrosis of the hip. Although interesting results have been published using SPECT in brain and lung perfusion studies, the clinical utility of this work has not been determined. The development of certain radiopharmaceuticals would enhance the future of SPECT. Technetium-99m labeled brain and myocardial perfusion agents would be ideally suited for SPECT studies. The ability to quantitate lesion volume (eg, in liver metastases) has not been studied and could be useful in following patents on chemotherapy. SPECT could give additional information if monoclonal antibodies labeled with I-123 or Tc-99m can be demonstrated to have appropriate sensitivity. The advantages of SPECT over planar imaging will be greater as new agents are developed.
Synthesis of Equalized Broadband Parametric Gain by Localized Dispersion Mapping (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A record continuous-wave one-pump fiber-optic parametric amplifier was constructed using localized dispersion measurement of highly nonlinear fiber. Record 3-dB equalized gain bandwidth of 120 nm was measured for the first time. The second amplifier constructed using suboptimal segments of the identical fiber spool did not replicate the wideband performance, confirming the importance of accurate dispersion fluctuating fiber map. </para>
Clinical observation of adefovir dipivoxil in the treatment of hepatitis B ptients with HBeAg positive (2013)

Objective To evaluate the safety and effect of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) on hepatitis B in HBeAgpositive patients.Methods 131 patients were divided into two groups randomly.Two groups were treated with ADV (10mg/d)and matrine (0.6g/d),respectively.The rate of HBV negative,the normalization rates of ALT,HBeAg loss and anfi-HBe seroconversion were evaluated respectively.Results After 12 weeks of treatment,the rate of HBV negative,the normalization rates of ALT,HBeAg loss and anti-HBe seroconversion of ADV were all significantly higher than those of matrine group(53.2％ vs 7.8％,36.0％ vs 8.7％,13.6％ vs 3.1％,6.2％ vs 0,respectively,x2 =56.32,23.18,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The domestic ADV superior to matrine in HBeAg-positive patients.

Key words: 
Adefovir dipivoxil; Chronic Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus e antigen; Randomized controlled trial
Learning Local Semantic Distances with Limited Supervision (2014)

Recent advances in distance function learning have demonstrated that learning a good distance metric can greatly improve the performance in a wide variety of tasks in data mining and web search. A major problem in such scenarios is the limited labeled knowledge available for learning the user intentions. Furthermore, distances are inherently local, where a single global distance function may not capture the distance structure well. A challenge here is that local distance learning is even harder when the labeled information available is limited, because the distance function varies with data locality. To address these issues, we propose a local metric learning algorithm termed Local Semantic Sensing (LSS), which augments the small amount of labeled data with unlabeled data in order to learn the semantic information in the manifold structure, and then integrated with supervised intentional knowledge in a local way. We present results in a retrieval application, which show that the approach significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in the literature.
MIMO radar array thinning using almost difference sets (2016)

In this paper, minimum redundancy multiple-input multiple-output (MR-MIMO) arrays - a class of thinned antenna arrays - are discussed. The concepts of MR-MIMO array design and almost difference sets (ADSs) are introduced, and an analytical method based on ADSs is proposed for MR-MIMO array designs. This method can quickly determine the locations of MR-MIMO arrays and require little computational cost. Numerical examples are presented, showing the advantages of the proposed method in spatial resolution performance and computational efficiency.
La pena de muerte en los Estados Unidos: ¿una lenta agonía?. Recientes pronunciamientos del Tribunal Supremo sobre la pena capital: Baze v. Rees y Kennedy v. Luisiana (2009)

En el segundo trimestre de 2008 el Tribunal Supremo de los Estados Unidos ha dictado dos importantes sentencias sobre la constitucionalidad de la pena de muerte en aquel pais. La primera, sobre el caso Baze v. Rees, se pronuncia sobre la 
licitud de la inyeccion letal como metodo de ejecucion; la segunda, relativa al asunto Kennedy v. Luisiana, analiza la compatibilidad con el texto constitucional de la imposicion del castigo capital a los culpables del delito de violacion de ninos. Ambas resoluciones son importantes elementos de juicio para determinar cual es el actual equilibrio de 
fuerzas dentro del Tribunal entre magistrados opuestos y partidarios de la pena de muerte y valorar las probabilidades de una futura declaracion de inconstitucionalidad de dicho castigo.
Shape Control of Single Crystalline Bismuth Nanostructures (2006)

A synthesis approach for shape control of single crystalline Bi nanostructures has been developed. By controlling the molar ratio of PVP and Bi in a polyol process, Bi nanocubes with an edge length of approximately 60-80 nm, triangular nanoplates with an edge length of 200-500 nm, and nanospheres with an average diameter of 75 nm have been successfully synthesized. In the same synthetic process, Bi nanobelts with lengths of up to 80 microm and widths of up to 0.6 microm were synthesized in large quantities by introducing a trace amount of Fe3+ species into the reaction system. These single crystalline nanostructure Bi materials are expected to find potential applications in a variety of areas including high efficiency thermoelectric devices.
Nucleation and growth mechanism of hemispherical grain polycrystalline silicon (1992)

The formation of the nucleus [Watanabe et al., Extended Abstracts of the 22nd Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials (1990), p. 873] is performed at low O2 partial pressure during annealing and the density of HSG nuclei increases as the annealing time becomes longer. HSGs grow upward from the amorphous silicon surface, and twin formations are generated in almost all the HSGs. For approximately 50% of whole HSGs, polycrystalline silicon grows downward from the bottom of the HSG. A common heterogeneous material both for the nucleus formation of HSG and for that of polycrystalline silicon growing downward is thought to be formed at the interface between HSG and polycrystalline silicon.
Macrophage apoptosis in mycobacterial infections (1999)

Mycobacterial diseases are a major public health concern. In the case of tuberculosis, the problem has been acerbated due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium avium is the major opportunistic pathogen in HIV-1 infection in the United States. M. tuberculosis and M. avium replicate in human macrophages and induce apoptosis. Incubation of freshly added uninfected autologous macrophages with apoptotic M. avium-infected macrophages results in 90% inhibition of bacterial growth. Apoptosis also prevents the release of intracellular components and the spread of mycobacterial infection by sequestering the pathogens within apoptotic bodies. Consistent with the model that host cell apoptosis is a defense mechanism against mycobacteria is the finding that the virulent M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv induces substantially less macrophage apoptosis than the attenuated strain H37Ra. Evasion of apoptosis by this pathogen is achieved by enhanced release of sTNFR2 by H37Rv-infected macrophages and subsequent formation of inactive TNF-alpha-TNFR2 complexes. These observations contribute to the hypothesis that apoptosis of the host macrophage is an important defense mechanism in mycobacterial infections, which prevents the spread of the infection.
Development of a Peptide Probe for the Occurrence of Hydrogen (<sup>1</sup>H/<sup>2</sup>H) Scrambling upon Gas-Phase Fragmentation (2007)

Hydrogen (1H/2H) exchange combined with mass spectrometry (HX-MS) has become a valuable method for the analysis of protein structural dynamics. Currently, localization of the incorporated deuterons is made by enzymatic cleavage of the labeled proteins, and single-residue resolution is typically only achieved for a few residues. Determination of site-specific deuterium levels by gas-phase fragmentation would greatly increase the applicability of the HX-MS method. It is, however, mandatory for this gas-phase approach that hydrogen (1H/2H) scrambling in the gaseous peptide is negligible. Thus, it is important to have a simple reference system where the onset of scrambling processes is readily detected. Here we describe a simple well-characterized set of peptides with a unique regioselective labeling that ensures an inherent high sensitivity for the detection of scrambling. This selective labeling is achieved by utilizing differences in the intrinsic exchange rates between various amino acid residues. We demonstrate that our peptides can be infused directly into an electrospray ion source by means of a cooled glass syringe, while maintaining their selective labeling in solution. We further show that the selective labeling is completely erased upon low-energy collisional activation in a tandem mass spectrometry experiment as a result of extensive hydrogen (1H/2H) scrambling.
Moraxella (Branhamella) Catarrhalis Bacteremia in Children (1995)

We report two cases of Moraxella catarrhalis (M. catarrhalis) bacteremia in apparently healthy children. One patient had bilateral otitis media and the other had pharyngitis and sinusitis; both patients had uncomplicated clinical courses. A literature review revealed 22 reported cases of M. catarrhalis bacteremia in children, 14 (63%) of which occurred in patients who had no identified underlying condition. Eight (36%) cases were seen in children who were immunocompromised. Nine (40%) patients presented with either purpura, petechia, or a maculopapular rash. M. catarrhalis is well known as a respiratory pathogen, but it has not been recognized as a common cause of unsuspected bacteremia in children.
Effect of SIVmac infection on plasmacytoid and CD1c<sup>+</sup> myeloid dendritic cells in cynomolgus macaques (2008)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to be essential for the induction and regulation of immune responses. Non-human primates are essential in biomedical research and contribute to our understanding of the involvement of DCs in human infectious diseases. However, no direct single-platform method for quantifying DC precursors has yet been optimized in macaques to give accurate absolute blood counts of these rare-event cell populations in the blood. We adapted a rapid whole-blood assay for the absolute quantification of DCs in cynomolgus macaques by four-colour flow cytometry, using a single-platform assay compatible with human blood. Cynomolgus macaque plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and CD1c(+) myeloid DCs (CD1c(+) mDCs) were quantified in the blood of 34 healthy macaques and the results obtained were compared with those for blood samples from 11 healthy humans. In addition, circulating absolute numbers of pDCs were quantified in cynomolgus macaques chronically infected with SIVmac. During infection, pDC counts decreased whereas circulating CD1c(+) mDC counts increased. Information regarding absolute pDC and mDC counts in non-human primates may improve our understanding of the role of these cells in SIV/HIV infection and in other infectious diseases.
Prevention of Endotracheal Tube Biofilm Formation in Intubated Critically Ill Patients (2010)

Endotracheal tubes (ETT) of intubated patients are constantly challenged with abundant bacteria-laden secretions. Quickly those bacteria may organize in a well-organized structure (biofilm) which is difficult to eradicate. Fragments can detach spontaneously or become dislodged by suction catheters and enter the lungs representing a source of infection. Recently several strategies have been developed to prevent bacterial biofilm formation and secretion accumulation. In this review we summarized published studies on ETT-biofilm prevention. Numerous antimicrobial-impregnated ETT have been designed to provide either bactericidal/static properties, or to prevent adhesion of bacteria on its surface. In vitro experiments and animal-studies showed several success rates in the prevention of bacterial colonization of the tube. Up to now, only two coatings, silver-hydrogel and silver-sulfadiazine in polyurethane, have been tested in clinical trials. Both proved to prevent/lower bacterial colonization of the ETT, while only the silver-hydrogel coating decreased bacterial colonization of lungs in a large multicenter study. Another innovative approach is to reduce contaminated-secretions in the ETT-lumen with novel medical devices designed to retrieve accumulated-mucus from the ETT/trachea. The mucus shaver and the mucus slurper are intended to reduce loaded-bacteria secretions from within the ETT/trachea. While experimental studies are promising, no clinical trials have been performed yet to prove this novel concept.
Instruction cache fetch policies for speculative execution (1995)

Current trends in processor design are pointing to deeper and wider pipelines and superscalar architectures. The efficient use of these resources requires speculative execution, a technique whereby the processor continues executing the predicted path of a branch before the branch condition is resolved.In this paper, we investigate the implications of speculative execution on instruction cache performance. We explore policies for managing instruction cache misses ranging from aggressive policies (always fetch on the speculative path) to conservative ones (wait until branches are resolved). We test these policies and their interaction with next-line prefetching by simulating the effects on instruction caches with varying architectural parameters. Our results suggest that an aggressive policy combined with next-line prefetching is best for small latencies while more conservative policies are preferable for large latencies.
The development of <i>Xenopus tropicalis</i> transgenic lines and their use in studying lens developmental timing in living embryos (2000)

The generation of reporter lines for observing lens differentiation in vivo demonstrates a new strategy for embryological manipulation and allows us to address a long-standing question concerning the timing of the onset of differentiation. Xenopus tropicalis was used to make GFP reporter lines with (gamma)1-crystallin promoter elements directing GFP expression within the early lens. X. tropicalis is a close relative of X. laevis that shares the same ease of tissue manipulation with the added benefits of a diploid genome and faster life cycle. The efficiency of the Xenopus transgenic technique was improved in order to generate greater numbers of normal, adult transgenic animals and to facilitate in vivo analysis of the crystallin promoter. This transgene is transmitted through the germline, providing an accurate and consistent way to monitor lens differentiation. This line permitted us to distinguish models for how the onset of differentiation is controlled: by a process intrinsic to differentiating tissue or one dependent on external cues. This experiment would not have been feasible without the sensitivity and accuracy provided by the in vivo reporter. We find that, in specified lens ectoderm transplanted from neural tube stage donors to younger neural-plate-stage hosts, the onset of differentiation, as measured by expression of the crystallin/GFP transgene, is delayed by an average of 4.4 hours. When specified lens ectoderm is explanted into culture, the delay was an average of 16.3 hours relative to control embryos. These data suggest that the onset of differentiation in specified ectoderm can be altered by the environment and imply that this onset is normally controlled by external cues rather than by an intrinsic mechanism.