gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Salmonella</i>stress management and its relevance to behaviour during intestinal colonisation and infection (2005)

The enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica is exposed to a number of stressful environments during its life cycle within and outside its various hosts. During intestinal colonisation Salmonella is successively exposed to acid pH in the stomach, to the detergent-like activity of bile, to decreasing oxygen supply, to the presence of multiple metabolites produced by the normal gut microflora and finally it is exposed to cationic antimicrobial peptides present on the surface of epithelial cells. There are four major regulators controlling relevant stress responses in Salmonella, namely RpoS, PhoPQ, Fur and OmpR/EnvZ. Except for Fur, inactivation of genes encoding the other stress regulators results in attenuated virulence and such mutants can therefore be considered as vaccine candidates. In contrast, a decrease in oxygen supply monitored by Fnr and ArcAB, or oxidative stress controlled by OxyR and SoxRS is not regarded as a stress associated with host colonisation since inactivation of either of these systems does not result in reductions in colonisation. The role of quorum-sensing through luxS and sdiA is also considered as a regulator of virulence and colonisation.
Optimizing Circulating Tumor Cells’ Capture Efficiency of Magnetic Nanogels by Transferrin Decoration (2018)

Magnetic nanogels (MNGs) are designed to have all the required features for their use as highly efficient trapping materials in the challenging task of selectively capturing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the bloodstream. Advantageously, the discrimination of CTCs from hematological cells, which is a key factor in the capturing process, can be optimized by finely tuning the polymers used to link the targeting moiety to the MNG. We describe herein the relationship between the capturing efficiency of CTCs with overexpressed transferrin receptors and the different strategies on the polymer used as linker to decorate these MNGs with transferrin (Tf). Heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers with different molecular weights were coupled to Tf in different ratios. Optimal values over 80% CTC capture efficiency were obtained when 3 PEG linkers with a length of 8 ethylene glycol (EG) units were used, which reveals the important role of the linker in the design of a CTC-sorting system.
Imperforate anus associated with eventration of diaphragm. (2015)

Anorectal malformations (ARM) are associated with a myriad of congenital anomalies. The prevalence rates of associated anomalies range from 20% to 80%, commonest being urogenital anomalies. Other important associations and syndromes include Down syndrome and VACTERL (vertebral, anorectal, cardiac, trachea-esophageal, renal, limb) anomalies [1]. ARM has rarely been described in association with diaphragmatic anomalies [2-7]. Fewer than half a dozen cases of diaphragmatic hernia are recorded in the literature; but none of diaphragmatic eventration.
Histochemical Demonstration and Localization of H2O2 in Organs of Higher Plants by Tissue Printing on Nitrocellulose Paper (1994)

A sensitive tissue-print assay for the detection and histological localization of H2O2 in freshly cut organ sections was developed by impregnating nitrocellulose paper with a mixture of Kl and soluble starch. H2O2 transferred from the cut surface of the section to the dried paper forms I2, which can be visualized by the intensely colored I2-starch complex. The detection limit of the assay is in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 mmol L-1 H2O2. Due to the rapid immobilization of H2O2 in the paper, very clear prints of the tissue distribution of H2O2 can be obtained with a spatial resolution on the level of single cells. The application of this rapid and simple assay is explored in five experimental examples demonstrating that the in vivo level of H2O2 varies strikingly in different tissues and can be regulated by developmental factors such as hormones, light, and wounding. The results show that: (a) In the hypocotyl of soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings the apoplastic H2O2 level increases strongly from top to base, accompanied by characteristic changes in its histological distribution. (b) In the epicotyl of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings the induction of lateral expansion by ethylene is correlated with a depletion of H2O2 in the cell walls of the expanding tissues. (c) In the hypocotyl of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings H2O2 is primarily localized in a ring of parenchymatic tissue between xylem and cortex next to lignifying cells but not in the lignifying cells themselves. (d) In the hypocotyl of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings the light-mediated inhibition of elongation growth is correlated with a strong increase in H2O2 in the epidermis and in the vascular bundles. (e) Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers show high levels of H2O2 only in the outer cell layers but are able to accumulate H2O2 in the inner tissue upon wounding.
Syncml: Synchronizing Your Mobile Data (2002)

From the Publisher:

Discover SyncML, the new global standard for synchronizing virtually any mobile device
Covers both the technical and business issues
Covers personal and enterprise applications, new mobile services, security, device management, and more
Includes practical guidance for coding and integrating SyncML solutions
By four leaders of the SyncML standards community

The authors have in-depth, firsthand knowledge of the inner workings of SyncML technology. This is an essential guide for anyone building or implementing data synchronization and device management applications.
Douglas Heintzman
Director and Chairman of the Board, SyncML Initiative, Ltd.

Introducing SyncML: the new XML-based standard for universal synchronization.

Effective, standards-based data synchronization will make possible a new generation of breakthrough mobile services. Now, there's an XML-based standard that enables synchronization across virtually any device, platform, application, or service: SyncML. In this book, four leaders of the SyncML community offer an insider's guide to SyncML from both a technical and business standpoint. You'll discover why SyncML offers advantages available through no other technology; how SyncML overcomes the traditional obstacles to universal synchronization, and how SyncML can be integrated into end-to-end solutions that deliver a first-class out of the box experience. 

SyncML solutions for personal information management, enterprise data management, and mobile services
SyncML clients, servers, synchronization/representaprotocols, DTDs, transport bindings, and more
Synchronization for one-to-one, many-to-one, many-to-many, and hybrid topologies
Security and authentication in SyncML applications and services
Using SyncML to provision and manage mobile devices 
The SyncML API, Reference Implementation, and SyncML Conformance and Interoperability Process


SyncML is designed for every business and technology professional concerned with mobile applications and synchronization. Decision-makers will learn how SyncML will drive new business models and the delivery of entirely new products and services. Software architects and project managers will discover how SyncML components can be integrated into complete solutions; and developers will learn how to maximize the performance, reliability, and scalability of those solutions.
In vitro inhibition of HIV‐1 proteinase by cerulenin (1990)

Retroviruses encode proteinases necessary for the proteolytic processing of the viral gag and gag-pol precursor proteins. These enzymes have been shown to be structurally and functionally related to aspartyl proteinases such as pepsin and renin. Cerulenin is a naturally occurring antibiotic, commonly used as an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis. Cerulenin has been observed to inhibit production of Rous sarcoma virus and murine leukaemia virus by infected cells, possibly by interfering with proteolytic processing of viral precursor proteins. We show here that cerulenin inhibits the action of the HIV-1 proteinase in vitro, using 3 substrates: a synthetic heptapeptide (SQNYPIV) which corresponds to the sequence at the HIV-1 gag p17/p24 junction, a bacterially expressed gag precursor, and purified 66 kDa reverse transcriptase. Inhibition of cleavage by HIV-1 proteinase required preincubation with cerulenin. Cerulenin also inactivates endothiapepsin, a well-characterised fungal aspartyl proteinase, suggesting that the action of cerulenin is a function of the common active site structure of the retroviral and aspartic proteinases. Molecular modelling suggests that cerulenin possesses several of the necessary structural features of an inhibitor of aspartyl proteinases and retroviral proteinases. Although cerulenin itself is cytotoxic and inappropriate for clinical use, it may provide leads for the rational design of inhibitors of the HIV proteinase which could have application in the chemotherapy of AIDS.
Platoon driving experiment of electric wheelchair in narrow space by using model error compensator (2014)

As one of the leading method of electric wheelchairs, platoon driving using Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) has been proposed to keep constant time-headway. The platoon driving system has been widely used assuming straight roads that has good visibility, but has not been used in narrow corridor. While, the gross weight of wheelchair changes drastically depending on passenger's weight. In this paper, a novel platoon driving system is proposed and platoon driving experiments are examined at narrow space. The platoon controller is constructed with the inter-vehicle distance control based on ACC and precise lateral control based on target point following along the wheel track of preceding wheelchair. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the driving experiments at the corner and U-turn in the narrow space.
Selective effector coupling of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. (1989)

Attempts have been made by means of recombinant DNA technology to understand the molecular basis of the functional heterogeneity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR). Molecularly defined mAChR subtypes have been produced from the cloned DNAs in Xenopus oocytes and NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells as transient and stable expression systems, respectively, and agonist-induced cellular responses have been examined. The results obtained provide evidence that mAChR subtypes are selectively coupled with different effector systems, albeit not exclusively.
Human circadian system causes a morning peak in prothrombotic plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) independent of the sleep/wake cycle (2013)

Serious adverse cardiovascular events peak in the morning, possibly related to increased thrombosis in critical vessels. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which inhibits fibrinolysis, is a key circulating prothrombotic factor that rises in the morning in humans. We tested whether this morning peak in PAI-1 is caused by the internal circadian system or by behaviors that typically occur in the morning, such as altered posture and physical activity. Twelve healthy adults underwent a 2-week protocol that enabled the distinction of endogenous circadian effects from behavioral and environmental effects. The results demonstrated a robust circadian rhythm in circulating PAI-1 with a peak corresponding to ∼6:30 am. This rhythm in PAI-1 was 8-times larger than changes in PAI-1 induced by standardized behavioral stressors, including head-up tilt and 15-minute cycle exercise. If this large endogenous morning peak in PAI-1 persists in vulnerable individuals, it could help explain the morning peak in adverse cardiovascular events.
Printing halftone photographic images on diamond by focused silicon ion implantation (1997)

A process for creating archival records on a very long-lived durable material is demonstrated. Optical and scanning electron microscope viewable photographs were printed into the surface of a chemical vapor deposition diamond wafer by silicon ion implantation. The damage caused by the implant converts the transparent diamond to visible (black) forms of carbon. The photographs were printed using both halftone and gray-scale encoding. The halftone encoding was accomplished by implanting an area proportional to the desired optical density within the 1 μm square pixel at a fixed area dose. This photograph may optionally be “fixed” by annealing the sample at 1000 °C. This transforms the amorphous carbon to graphite. For the gray-scale encoded image, an 800 nm square is implanted with an ion dose proportional to the optical density of each pixel.
Effet de la forme de présentation de l'orge sur la production et la composition du lait de vache (1995)

— L'effet de la forme de prsentation de l'orge (broye (B) ou aplatie (A)) a t tudi sur 22 vaches multipares en phase descendante de lactation, utilises dans un essai en inversion avec 2 priodes successives de 3 sem. Au cours de l'essai, tous les animaux ont reu une ration constitue d'un mlange 75/15/10 d'ensilage de mas, d'ensilage d'herbe et de drches de brasserie, et de foin offert volont, ainsi que de 2 kg de pulpes dshydrates. Les quantits d'aliment concentr fermier (mlange 75/25 d'orge et de tourteaux) ont t calcules en fonction du niveau de production des animaux et n'ont pas vari au cours de l'essai. Dans le traitement B, 100 g de substances tampons ont t ajouts la ration. En moyenne, les animaux ont ingr 8,2 kg/j de concentrs, dont 4,7 kg d'orge. La forme de prsentation de l'orge n'a eu d'effet ni sur la vitesse d'ingestion du concentr (240 g/min en moyenne), ni sur la production laitire (respectivement 33,1 et 32,7 kg/j dans les lots B et A), ni sur la composition chimique du lait, et en particulier le taux butyreux (38,4 et 37,7 dans les lots B et A). Le pH du jus de rumen et la proportion des principaux acides gras volatils du rumen ont t semblables dans les 2 lots. vache laitire / concentr / forme de prsentation Summary — Effect of grain processing on milk production and composition. The effect of grain processing (ground [GJ or rolled [RJ) was analysed on 22 multiparous cows in mid-lactation used in a 2 * 2 latin-square design experiment. During each 3-wk period, cows were offered a diet composed of a mixture of corn silage, grass silage and brewer's grain (75115110, ad libitum), of hay (ad libitum) and of dried sugar beet pulp (2 kgld). The quantities of concentrate (75% barley and 25% meal) were cal- culated according to milk production level and did not vary during the trial. In group G, 100 g/d of buffer compound was added to the diet. Grain processing had effect neither on time spent to eat the * Cette tude a t ralise avec la participation financire de l'association Gala.
Evaluation of laser trapping probe properties for coordinate measurement (2006)

For past decades Micro-System Technology (MST) has been developed and it has enabled fabricating the microcomponents on the micro-systems. In order to measure such microcomponents having micrometer-size shapes, a concept of nano-CMM was proposed. According to the concept, nano-CMM specifications are, for example, a measuring range is (10 mm)3 and accuracy is 50 nm. Then, we have proposed a laser trapping probe as a position detecting probe for nano-CMM. The laser trapping probe can be suitable to nano-CMM because of high sensitivity, an availability of a high spherical probe stylus and changeable properties. On the other hands, there are sources of uncertainties, one of them is the standing wave, and the influence is experimentally investigated. The results reveal the facts such as following. The standing wave obviously influences the behavior of the laser trapping probe sphere. The positional fluctuations by the standing wave proceed several hundreds nm, and the phenomenon appears with high repeatability. A size of the probe sphere can be a crucial parameter for reducing the influence of a standing wave. As another possibility of reducing the influence, on the inclined substrate the probe tends not to be affected by the standing wave. On the other hands, the standing wave influences the probe sphere beyond 100 mm far from the flat silicon substrate.
AN EMPIRICAL KINETIC EXPRESSION FOR MODELLING THE VISCOMETRIC DATA OF ENZYMATIC PECTIN DEGRADATION AND MEASUREMENT OF ENZYME ACTIVITY (2001)

Although pectolytic enzymes have been used in biotechnology for a long time (mainly in fruitprocessing), the measurement and expression of their pectolytic activity has not been satisfactorily solved. The only rational method based on the chemical determination of the end-groups formed during the progress of the reaction is laborious and is not satisfactory for the practicaluses of this class of enzymes. We propose a simple empirical kinetic expression for the reduction in viscosity when a pectin solution (or a pectin-containing raw material) is subjected to the action of pectolytic enzymes. It is written Yt – Yo – a.t /(b + t), where Yt is themeasured viscosity at any time, Yo is the initial viscosity and a and b are parameters the physical sense of which will be discussed in this paper. This model has been proven to efficiently to:1. fit the whole progress curve, including the early and late phases and, further, to determine two relevant pieces of information about the enzyme/substrate couple-namely, the initial velocity of the process and the residual viscosity at the final plateau region.2. measure and express the activity of the enzyme solution used, on the pertinent basis (for applications of pectinases in biotechnology) of a physical property of the reaction medium. The model was validated with data obtained in a variety of experimental situations, ranging from the use of a semi-purified enzyme solution acting on a semi-purified pectin in a dilute solution, to the liquefaction of a fruit puree. A “viscometric unit” of pectolytic activity is proposed, after the observed proportionality between enzyme concentration and one of the parameters of the model. Our approach, based on the kinetic modelling of change in viscosity, using an empirical equation, presents advantages over recently published methods, also based on viscometric measurements.
The use of steganography to enhance error detection and correction in MPEG-2 video (2003)

The transmission of data is always subject to corruption due to errors; however, video transmission, because of its real time nature, must often deal with these errors without retransmission of the corrupted data. Our MPEG-2 compliant codec uses data hiding principles to transmit parity checking information for the DCT coefficients and uses side information (as provided in the MPEG-2 standard) to enhance the recovery of lost differentially encoded values. This information allows for improved resynchronization by correctly resynchronizing at least 7 times as often, reducing the number of macroblocks in error by a factor of 2 and improving the PSNR of error regions by at least 8 dB (in I frames) while uncorrupted picture quality decreases by less than 0.5 dB PSNR. Our work also demonstrates the ability to recover lost differential motion vectors by transmitting final values.
Performance of 0.2 μm optical lithography using KrF and ArF excimer laser sources (1993)

KrF and ArF excimer laser lithography are considered to be candidates for a next lithography tool to achieve a miniaturization below quarter micron. To improve the focus latitude and overlay accuracy, an in-house KrF excimer laser stepper with off-axis illumination has been developed. This developed system can successfully resolve 0.2 μm features using off-axis illumination combined with an in-house developed positive chemically amplified resist and can also attain overlay accuracy of better than 60 nm using heterodyne holographic alignment. Reducing the optical absorption of the resist and the lens material at 193 nm was a challenge. The newly developed 193 nm resist contains no aromatic groups, and the designed projection lens has aspherical elements to establish ArF excimer laser lithography.
Stock Market Simulation (2007)

A seven-week stock market simulation was performed to learn general knowledge and trading experience about investment in the stock market. Four different trading methods were used with the final goal of determining the method which provided the highest return.
Analysis of temperature profiles of thermo-optic waveguides (1994)

Abstract The temperature profiles of thermo-optic waveguides are analyzed by the finite element method. The heat generated by a thin-film heater causes the temperature of a nearby waveguide to increase. The analysis results show that thermal coupling is a function of the waveguide spacing and depth. Thermal coupling increases with the waveguide depth but decreases with the waveguide spacing. Thermal coupling could be reduced by placing a cooler on the adjacent waveguide or etching a deep trench between the waveguides. The cooler can reduce the coupling, but it is not effective for deep waveguides. For the trenched structure, the temperature of the heated waveguide increases as the trench depth increases; however, the temperature of the nearby waveguide will decrease.
Depth Profiling Brain Tissue Sections with a 40 keV C<sub>60</sub><sup>+</sup> Primary Ion Beam (2008)

In this paper, the effect of prolonged C60(+) primary ion bombardment on the chemical information available from a section of rat brain is discussed. Initial attempts demonstrate the rapid loss of molecular signal from the bombarded area with both C60(+) and Au(+) used as a monatomic comparison. However, the nature of this signal disappearance is shown to be different. Analysis of the C60(+) data indicates a correlation between signal loss and the appearance of sodium and potassium adducts of phosphate and protein fragments; this is supported by model systems. By using an ammonium formate wash to reduce the salt levels within the tissue this effect is removed, allowing the chemistry of the tissue section to be better probed. Results collected from multiple sections suggest that at room temperature under vacuum conditions there is a migration of lipids to the surface of the tissue. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging is used to demonstrate that once these lipids are removed other species, such as proteins, are uncovered. By depth profiling the sample in a frozen state, the degree and importance of lipid migration to the observed localization of native compounds is assessed. This investigation into the behavior of biological tissue under high C60(+) fluxes not only allows an evaluation of the potential accuracy of 3D SIMS mapping of important biological molecules but also demonstrates the possibility of using ion doses beyond the traditional "static limit" to provide higher secondary ion yields that could lead to greater detection limits and smaller useful lateral resolution within such analyses.
Automated Human Recognition by Gait using Neural Network (2008)

We describe a new method for recognizing humans by their gait using back-propagation neural network. Here, the gait motion is described as rhythmic and periodic motion, and a 2D stick figure is extracted from gait silhouette by motion information with topological analysis guided by anatomical knowledge. A sequential set of 2D stick figures is used to represent the gait signature that is primitive data for the feature extraction based on motion parameters. Then, a back-propagation neural network algorithm is used to recognize humans by their gait patterns. In experiments, higher gait recognition performances have been achieved.