gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Efficiency Low-Bl Loudspeakers (2005)

<p>Normally, low frequency sound reproduction with small transducers is quite inefficient. This is shown by calculating the efficiency and voltage sensitivity for loudspeakers with high, medium, and in particular, low force factors. For these low-force-factor loudspeakers a practically relevant and analytically tractable optimality criterion, involving the loudspeaker parameters, will be defined. Actual prototype bass drivers are assessed according to this criterion. Because the magnet can be considerably smaller than usual, the loudspeaker can be of the moving-magnet type with a stationary coil. These so-called low-Bl drivers have a high efficiency, however, only in a limited frequency region. To deal with that, nonlinear processing essentially compresses the bandwidth of a 20-120Hz bass signal down to a much more narrow span. This span is centered at the resonance of the low-Bl driver, where its efficiency is maximum. The signal processing preserves the temporal envelope modulations of the original bass signal. The compression is at the expense of a decreased sound quality and requires some additional electronics. This new, optimal design has a much higher power efficiency as well as a higher voltage sensitivety than current bass drivers, while the cabinet may be much smaller.</p>
Metal hydride heat pumps (1991)

Heat pumps have been known for a long time, but, until the energy crisis of 1973, there were only a few studies covering them. Since that time, in addition to alternative energy sources, scientists and engineers have started studying heat pumps more earnestly. There are several kinds of heat pump and utilizations of them, but the most common one is the vapour-compression heat pump. In recent years researchers have started to study metal hydride heat pumps. The paper considers the metal hydride bed, its thermodynamics, and its utilization as a heat pump. It is also compared with conventional heat pumps. The results indicate that the metal hydride heat pump has several advantages, and its utilization in the industrial, commercial and residential fields is foreseen.
Switching sequence optimization for gradient error compensation in thermometer-decoded DAC arrays (2000)

This paper discusses switching schemes for gradient error compensation in unary (thermometer-decoded) arrays of digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The absolute lower bound of integral nonlinearity (INL) by optimizing switching sequences is established and optimal switching sequences that meet the lower bound of INL are presented for linear error compensation in one-dimensional arrays. A rapidly converging algorithm is developed to obtain INL bounded switching sequences for any given type of gradient error compensation. Simulation results show that the new switching sequences substantially reduce the nonlinearity of DACs due to gradient errors.
Neonatal Hyperparathyroidism and Pamidronate Therapy in an Extremely Premature Infant (2007)

We describe the use of pamidronate to control marked hypercalcemia in an extremely premature infant with neonatal hyperparathyroidism that resulted from an inactivating mutation (R220W) of the calcium-sensing receptor. Despite improvement in bone mineralization and subsequent parathyroidectomy with normalization of the serum calcium level, the combination of chronic lung disease, osteomalacia, and poor thoracic cage growth ultimately proved fatal. Pamidronate therapy seems to be safe in the short-term and effective in helping control hypercalcemia even in the very premature infant, allowing for planned surgical intervention when it becomes feasible.
Intranasal Administration of a Monoclonal Neutralizing Antibody Protects Mice against SARS-CoV-2 Infection (2021)

Despite the recent availability of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is an urgent need for specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. Monoclonal neutralizing antibodies are an important drug class in the global fight against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic due to their ability to convey immediate protection and their potential to be used as both prophylactic and therapeutic drugs. Clinically used neutralizing antibodies against respiratory viruses are currently injected intravenously, which can lead to suboptimal pulmonary bioavailability and thus to a lower effectiveness. Here we describe DZIF-10c, a fully human monoclonal neutralizing antibody that binds the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. DZIF-10c displays an exceptionally high neutralizing potency against SARS-CoV-2, retains full activity against the variant of concern (VOC) B.1.1.7 and still neutralizes the VOC B.1.351, although with reduced potency. Importantly, not only systemic but also intranasal application of DZIF-10c abolished the presence of infectious particles in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice and mitigated lung pathology when administered prophylactically. Along with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, these results highlight DZIF-10c as a novel human SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody with high in vitro and in vivo antiviral potency. The successful intranasal application of DZIF-10c paves the way for clinical trials investigating topical delivery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
Seeing the Big Picture: Deep Embedding with Contextual Evidences (2014)

In the Bag-of-Words (BoW) model based image retrieval task, the precision of visual matching plays a critical role in improving retrieval performance. Conventionally, local cues of a keypoint are employed. However, such strategy does not consider the contextual evidences of a keypoint, a problem which would lead to the prevalence of false matches. To address this problem, this paper defines "true match" as a pair of keypoints which are similar on three levels, i.e., local, regional, and global. Then, a principled probabilistic framework is established, which is capable of implicitly integrating discriminative cues from all these feature levels. Specifically, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is employed to extract features from regional and global patches, leading to the so-called "Deep Embedding" framework. CNN has been shown to produce excellent performance on a dozen computer vision tasks such as image classification and detection, but few works have been done on BoW based image retrieval. In this paper, firstly we show that proper pre-processing techniques are necessary for effective usage of CNN feature. Then, in the attempt to fit it into our model, a novel indexing structure called "Deep Indexing" is introduced, which dramatically reduces memory usage. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that, the proposed Deep Embedding method greatly promotes the retrieval accuracy when CNN feature is integrated. We show that our method is efficient in terms of both memory and time cost, and compares favorably with the state-of-the-art methods.
GPU-based fast motion estimation for on-the-fly encoding of computer-generated video streams (2011)

[Abstract] Motion estimation is known to be one of the most expensive tasks in video coding as it is usually performed through blind search-based methods. However, in the particular case of computer-generated video, the rendering stage provides useful information to speed up the process. In this paper, we propose a fast motion estimation algorithm, designed to run completely inside the GPU, to compute the optical flow required to estimate motion vectors at the same time as the graphical rendering process by using high-level information about the objects, viewpoints and effects that define each frame. The proposed method takes advantage of GPU parallelism and avoids bottlenecks in the CPU-GPU communication as the entire rendering and encoding process is performed completely inside the GPU. Avoiding search, motion estimation has very little overhead, negligible when compared with rendering and (the rest of the) video encoding costs while maintaining reasonably good quality. Performance evaluation is done with a CUDA implementation for MPEG-2 video, though results are valid for other formats, and it has been tested as part of the rendering and encoding engine of a real-world system that provides serverside visually-rich interactive applications to lightweight clients equipped with standard MPEG video decoders.
Formal Direct Cross‐Coupling of Phenols with Amines (2015)

The transition-metal-catalyzed amination of aryl halides has been the most powerful method for the formation of aryl amines over the past decades. Phenols are regarded as ideal alternatives to aryl halides as coupling partners in cross-couplings. An efficient palladium-catalyzed formal cross-coupling of phenols with various amines and anilines has now been developed. A variety of substituted phenols were compatible with the standard reaction conditions. Secondary and tertiary aryl amines could thus be synthesized in moderate to excellent yields.
A review of: “<i>ENGINEERING ECONOMICS AND PRACTICE</i>” By Stanley A. Rosenthal, P. E. The Macmillan Company 1964 180 p. $7.00 (1965)

Abstract
Rate conversion for arbitrary sampling rates in the transmit path of a digital transceiver (2002)

This paper addresses the subject of signal generation in the transmit path of a digital communications system. In order to minimize cost it is desirable to use a free running oscillator instead of a controlled oscillator. The signal generation task can be separated into pulse shaping at a fixed symbol rate and rate conversion to the arbitrary sampling rate by means of interpolation and decimation. As an alternative, we introduce the technique of rate adaptation and modulation, which generates the transmit signal immediately at sample rate and thus saves the interpolator. We compare the complexity of the two approaches both applied to the uplink of a UNITS system, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and show that the use of an expensive controlled oscillator can be avoided in favor of a free running oscillator.
Optimization of a silicon-on-sapphire waveguide device for optical bistable operation (1988)

A silicon-on-sapphire waveguide is studied theoretically and experimentally in a pulsed regime to obtain bistable operation. Very fast switchings can be observed and are explained as a result of the competition between electronic and thermal nonlinear effects. Pseudobistable operation is demonstrated when the electronic effects are favored, owing to an increase in the silicon photogenerated electron–hole pair lifetime or to a reduction in the incident pulse duration. Other factors such as the grating-coupler efficiency and the sample thermalization can, likewise, improve the device operation.
The dielectric properties of polyethylene terephthalate (Terylene) (1950)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Studies on 4-Chloropyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidine and Pyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidine (1970)

Ketone carbanion reacted as nucleophilic reagent with 4-chloropyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidine (I). Reaction of I in the presence of sodium amide with acetophenone and acetone gave 2-(4-pyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidinyl) acetophenone (III) and 1-(4-pyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidinyl)-2-propanone (IV), respectively. The reaction with propiophenone, 3-pentanone and 2-butanone afforded 4-ethylpyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidine (V). The reaction with 2-pentanone gave 1-(4-pyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidinyl)-2-pentanone (VII) and 4-propylpyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidine (VI). Quinazoline (XIII) has been shown to add several nucleophilic reagents across the 3, 4-position. These investigation have now been extended to pyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidine (X). The reaction of X with methylmagnesium iodide, benzylmagnesium chloride and phenylmagnesium bromide afforded 4-methyl-(XIVa), 4-benzyl-(XIVb) and 4-phenyl-3, 4-dihydropyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidine (XIVc), respectively. These compounds was derived to 4-methyl- (IX), 4-benzyl- (XVII) and 4-phenyl-pyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidine (XVIII), respectively, by oxidation with potassium ferricyanide in alkali medium. The reaction with acetophenone in sodium methoxide solution afforded 2-(3, 4-dihydro-4-pyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidinyl) acetophenone (XV). The reaction with hydrogen cyanide afforded 3, 4-dihydro-4-pyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidinecarbonitrile (XVI) which was derived to 4-pyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidinecarbonitrile (XIX). XIX was also derived to 4-methoxypyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidine (XX) and 4 (3H)-pyrido-[2, 3-d] pyrimidinone, respectively from the reaction with methoxide and hydroxide ion. It may be concluded through the foregoing experimental results that the addition is occured across the 3, 4-position as similar as that of XIII already reported.
<i>Bmi-1</i> is a target gene for SALL4 in hematopoietic and leukemic cells (2007)

Bmi-1 and SALL4 are putative oncogenes that modulate stem cell pluripotency and play a role in leukemogenesis. Murine Sall4 also has been shown to play an essential role in maintaining the properties of ES cells and governing the fate of the primitive inner cell mass. Here, we demonstrate that transcription from the Bmi-1 promoter is strikingly activated by SALL4 in a dose-dependent manner by using a luciferase reporter gene assay. Both promoter deletion construct studies and ChIP from a myeloid stem cell line, 32D, demonstrate that SALL4 binds to a specific region of the Bmi-1 promoter. Deletion of one copy of Sall4 by gene targeting in mouse bone marrow significantly reduced Bmi-1 expression. Reducing SALL4 expression by siRNA in the HL-60 leukemia cell line also results in significant down-regulation of Bmi-1. Furthermore, Bmi-1 expression is up-regulated in transgenic mice that constitutively overexpress human SALL4, and the levels of Bmi-1 in these mice increase as they progress from normal to preleukemic (myelodysplastic syndrome) and leukemic (acute myeloid leukemia) stages. High levels of H3-K4 trimethylation and H3-K79 dimethylation were observed in the SALL4 binding region of the Bmi-1 promoter. These findings suggest a novel link between SALL4 and Bmi-1 in regulating self-renewal of normal and leukemic stem cells. An increase in histone H3-K4 and H3-K79 methylation within the Bmi-1 promoter provides an epigenetic mechanism for histone modifications in SALL4-mediated Bmi-1 gene deregulation.
Abstract LB-190: RAF inhibitors transactivate RAF dimers and ERK signaling in a wild-type BRAF-dependent manner (2010)

Abstract Discussion Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-190.
Plaster of Paris as an Alloplastic Implant in the Frontal Sinus (1981)

The use of calcium sulfate (plaster of Paris) has been advocated to repair bony defects because of its unique capability of stimulating osteoneogenesis. Plaster of Paris can be used as a bony alloplast, and it can be analyzed histologically. Sinus roentgenograms and technetium Tc 99m medronate bone scanning further support the use of plaster of Paris as an alloplast and assess its osteoneogenic capacity when implanted in the frontal sinus of dogs; complete bone regeneration was demonstrated in six dogs within four to six months. The use of plaster of Paris for bone reconstruction in the head and neck can be applied in surgery. The experience with plaster of Paris to date, although limited, shows it to be safe and highly encouraging as an effective bone allograft.
Direct structural assignment of neutral and sialylated N‐glycans of glycopeptides using collision‐induced dissociation MS <sup>n</sup> spectral matching (2006)

Mass spectrometric analyses of various N-glycans binding to proteins and peptides are highly desirable for elucidating their biological roles. An approach based on collision-induced dissociation (CID) MS(n) spectra acquired by electrospray ionization linear ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-LIT-TOFMS) in the positive- and negative-ion modes has been proposed as a direct method of assigning N-glycans without releasing them from N-glycopeptides. In the positive-ion mode of this approach, the MS(2) spectrum of N-glycopeptide was acquired so that a glycoside-bond cleavage occurs in the chitobiose residue (i.e., GlcNAcbeta1-4GlcNAc, GlcNAc: N-acetylglucosamine) attached to asparagine (N), and two charges on the [M+H+Na](2+) precursor ion are shared with both of the resulting fragments. These fragments are sodiated B(n)-type fragment ions of oligosaccharide (N-glycan) and a protonated peptide ion retaining one GlcNAc residue on the asparagine (N) residue. The structure of N-glycan was assigned by comparing MS(3) spectra derived from both the sodiated B(n)-type fragment ions of N-glycopeptide and the PA (2-aminopyridine) N-glycan standard (i.e., MS(n) spectral matching). In a similar manner, the structural assignment of sialylated N-glycan was performed by employing the negative-ion CID MS(n) spectra of deprotonated B(n)-type fragment ions of N-glycopeptide and the PA N-glycan standard. The efficacy of this approach was tested with chicken egg yolk glycopeptides with a neutral and a sialylated N-glycan, and human serum IgG glycopeptides with neutral N-glycan isomers. These results suggest that the approach based on MS(n) spectral matching is useful for the direct and simple structural assignment of neutral and sialylated N-glycans of glycopeptides.
A multipass grating spectrograph with a resolving power of 10<sup>6</sup> (1993)

A plane rectangular mirror is placed in front of the grating of a spectrograph. This mirror returns the parallel radiation n (e.g. 10) times back to the grating. In this way, the resolution can improve by the same factor. A resolving power of 106 has been demonstrated by a 105 mm grating with 1200 grooves/mm, using n=4. Using 10 passes instead, such a resolving power would also be feasible with a smaller grating and a 70 cm spectrograph.
The Impetus to Register New Therapeutants for Aquaculture (1988)

Abstract Currently, 39 chemicals are registered or approved for use in freshwater and marine aquaculture. In addition, eight chemicals have been identified as the therapeutants in greatest need of registration: (1) a replacement for malachite green, (2) oxolinic acid, (3) chloramine-T, (4) erythromycin, (5) oxytetracycline for lobsters, (6) formalin (formaldehyde solution) for penaeid shrimp, (7) ethyl aminobenzoate (benzocaine), and (8) streptomycin. Registration work has been completed for oxytetracycline and is in various stages of progress for the other chemicals, except streptomycin. The combined efforts of several agencies of the federal and state governments, universities, and private industry suggest that additional therapeutants should soon be registered for use in aquaculture.
Tumor treating fields therapy device for glioblastoma: physics and clinical practice considerations (2015)

Alternating electric fields therapy, as delivered by the tumor treating fields device, is a new modality of cancer treatment that has been approved by the US FDA for recurrent glioblastoma. At a frequency of 200 kHz, these fields emanate from transducer arrays on the surface of the patient's scalp into the brain and perturb processes necessary for cytokinesis during tumor cell mitosis. In the registration Phase III trial for recurrent glioblastoma patients, the efficacy of the tumor treating fields as monotherapy was equivalent to chemotherapy, while scalp irritation was its major adverse event compared with systemic toxicities that were associated with cytotoxic chemotherapies. Alternating electric fields therapy is, therefore, an essential option for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the physics, cell biology and clinical data supporting the use of the tumor treating fields therapy.
Tracking and Blurring the Face in a Video File (2018)

This paper shows how to detect, track and blur a face in video frame using the Viola-Jones detection algorithm for detection and KLT algorithm to tracks a set of feature points across the video frames. First, the detection locates the face, and then identifies feature points that can be reliably tracked.
Computerized performance monitors as multidimensional systems (1996)

An increasing number of companies are introducing computer technology into more aspects of work. Effective use of information systems to support office and service work can improve staff productivity, broaden a company's market, or dramatically change its business. It can also increase the extent to which work is computer mediated and thus within the reach of software known as Computerized Performance Monitoring and Control Systems (CPMCSs). Virtually all research has studied CPMCSs as unidimensional systems. Employees are described as “monitored” or “unmonitored” or as subject to “high,” “moderate,” or “low” levels of monitoring. Research that does not clearly distinguish among possible monitor design cannot explain how designs may differ in effect. Nor can it suggest how to design better monitors. A multidimensional view of CPMCSs describes monitor designs in terms of object of measurements, tasks measured, recipient of data, reporting period, and message content. This view is derived from literature in control systems, organizational behavior, and management information systems. The multidimensional view can then be incorporated into causal models to explain contradictory results of earlier CPMCS research.
Human GC-AG alternative intron isoforms with weak donor sites show enhanced consensus at acceptor exon positions (2001)

It has been previously observed that the intrinsically weak variant GC donor sites, in order to be recognized by the U2-type spliceosome, possess strong consensus sequences maximized for base pair formation with U1 and U5/U6 snRNAs. However, variability in signal strength is a fundamental mechanism for splice site selection in alternative splicing. Here we report human alternative GC-AG introns (for the first time from any species), and show that while constitutive GC-AG introns do possess strong signals at their donor sites, a large subset of alternative GC-AG introns possess weak consensus sequences at their donor sites. Surprisingly, this subset of alternative isoforms shows strong consensus at acceptor exon positions 1 and 2. The improved consensus at the acceptor exon can facilitate a strong interaction with U5 snRNA, which tethers the two exons for ligation during the second step of splicing. Further, these isoforms nearly always possess alternative acceptor sites and exhibit particularly weak polypyrimidine tracts characteristic of AG-dependent introns. The acceptor exon nucleotides are part of the consensus required for the U2AF(35)-mediated recognition of AG in such introns. Such improved consensus at acceptor exons is not found in either normal or alternative GT-AG introns having weak donor sites or weak polypyrimidine tracts. The changes probably reflect mechanisms that allow GC-AG alternative intron isoforms to cope with two conflicting requirements, namely an apparent need for differential splice strength to direct the choice of alternative sites and a need for improved donor signals to compensate for the central mismatch base pair (C-A) in the RNA duplex of U1 snRNA and the pre-mRNA. The other important findings include (i) one in every twenty alternative introns is a GC-AG intron, and (ii) three of every five observed GC-AG introns are alternative isoforms.