gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Fluorescence Surgical Goggle (2009)

Background \nMalignant tissue resection, especially tumor resection is a great challenge to surgeons. Due to the disseminated characteristic of these tissues, the small and varied foci and blurred margins often evade surgeon’s unaided eyes. Unfortunately, surgeons have to rely mainly on preoperative images and their experience. No effective method is available that can provide real-time reference. Based on targeted fluorescence contrast agents, we are developing an intraoperative imaging system (surgical goggle) for identifying locations and margins of tumors.\nMethod\nTumor targeted MuCC49-Cy7 is injected into a female athymic nude mice. We use light at a near infrared (NIR) range (710 – 760nm) to excite the fluorophore. An ICG filter (810-875nm) is used to collect fluorescence from MuCC49-Cy7 in vivo. Also, non-fluorescence image is acquired immediately after the fluorescence image with the illumination of light at longer wavelength. Two images are processed, merged then sent to a Head Mounted Display (HMD, vision goggle) for virtual reality display. To validate the accuracy of the system, we use surgical goggle to perform mice anatomy and visualize fluorescence in vitro.\nResult\nThe emission fluorescence is not detectable with bare eyes since it is in the NIR range that provides deeper penetration. However, with the help of surgical goggle, we are able to clearly identify locations and margins of tumors on the mice. At the 1st day after IV injection of MuCC49-Cy7, we can visualize dispersive fluorescence. At the 3rd day after the injection, fluorescence mainly accumulates at tumor sites. Mice anatomy validates that the merged image correctly delineate tumors.\nConclusion\nOur surgical goggle can provide real-time, intraoperative reference during surgery. It is a robust and reliable method for segmenting and subsegmenting tumor.
Container shipping: operating system support for I/O-intensive applications (1994)

New I/O devices with data rates ranging from 10 to 100 Mbytes per second are becoming available for personal computers and workstations. Along with continual improvements in processor, memory, and bus technology, these devices have enabled I/O-intensive applications for desktop computing that require input, processing, and output of very large amounts of data. We focus on an important aspect of operating system support for these applications: efficient transfer of large data objects between the protection domains in which processes and devices reside. A rapidly growing class of I/O-intensive applications is multimedia computing. After we present an I/O-pipeline model, we analyze issues relevant to the design of an operating system inter-domain data-transfer facility. Then we present the design for such a facility. An I/O pipeline is a model of a dynamic computation structure consisting of a sequence of domains: an input domain followed by one or more intermediate domains, and an output domain.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>In vivo</i> characterization of the type A and B vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) VanRS two-component systems in <i>Escherichia coli</i> : A nonpathogenic model for studying the VRE signal transduction pathways (1998)

Escherichia coli reporter strains modeling the high-level type A and B vancomycin resistances of Enterococcus faecium BM4147 and Ent. faecalis have been developed to study the respective VanR-VanS two-component regulatory systems. PvanH-, PvanRa-, PvanY-, and PvanRb-lacZ fusions report on expression from the vancomycin-resistant enterococci promoters of the type A vanRSHAXYZ and type B vanRSYWHBX gene clusters. These strains also express from single-copy chromosomal genes vanRa, vanRb, or vanRSb behind their respective promoter (PvanRa or PvanRb) or vanSa or vanSb behind the rhamnose-inducible PrhaB. Results show that activation (phosphorylation) of the response regulator VanRa by its sensor kinase VanSa leads to transcriptional activation of both PvanH and PvanRa. Additionally, VanRb activates its cognate promoters PvanY and PvanRb, although this occurs only in the absence of VanSb and presumably is caused by VanRb phosphorylation by an unidentified endogenous E. coli kinase. Thus, VanSb interferes with activation of VanRb, probably by acting as a phospho-VanRb phosphatase. Although both VanRa and VanRb activate their cognate promoters, neither activates the heterologous PvanR, PvanH, or PvanY, arguing against the interchangeability of type A and B two-component regulatory switches in vancomycin-resistant enterococci. VanRa also is activated by the nonpartner kinase PhoR. Because this occurs in the absence of its inducing signal (Pi limitation), PhoR autophosphorylation apparently is regulated in vivo. Furthermore, the activation of VanRa caused by cross talk from PhoR in the absence of a signal allows distinction of cross talk from crossregulation as the latter, but not the former, responds to environmental cues.
Inhibition of the Sur1-Trpm4 Channel Reduces Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2013)

Sur1-Trpm4 channels are upregulated in humans and rats with SAH. Channel inhibition with glibenclamide may reduce neuroinflammation and the severity of cognitive deficits after SAH.
A Ka-band circularly polarized high-gain microstrip array (2002)

Presents a circularly polarized microstrip planar array that resonates at 32 GHz and provides a broadside beam, a minimum gain of 28 dB, and a bandwidth greater than 1 GHz. This low profile, small mass antenna is to be surface mounted on a microspacecraft that is being developed for future, deep space, NASA missions. Challenges arising from the development of this Ka-band antenna include the minimization of the array's feed network loss and the attainment of the required bandwidth. High-gain microstrip arrays that have previously been developed for Ka-band or higher frequencies have primarily been linearly polarized (l.p.). In the case of this array, circular polarization (c.p.) is achieved by employing the sequential rotation technique in which each patch element is excited at a single feed point. This technique is employed to minimize the insertion loss that occurs in the microstrip transmission line feed network and to satisfy the array bandwidth requirement. To further reduce the insertion loss, the feed network uses a combined parallel and series feed technique. By designing the microstrip line feed network with matched impedances throughout the entire circuit, the bandwidth performance is further enhanced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non-Destructive Testing (1960)

Mr. Hinsley has provided us with a most useful addition to the limited number of books available on the subject of Non-Destructive Testing. Due no doubt to the author's background the contents are confined to the problems associated with the metal industries.
RIVETS: A Mechanical System for In Vivo and In Vitro Electrophysiology and Imaging (2014)

A number of recent studies have provided compelling demonstrations that both mice and rats can be trained to perform a variety of behavioral tasks while restrained by mechanical elements mounted to the skull. The independent development of this technique by a number of laboratories has led to diverse solutions. We found that these solutions often used expensive materials and impeded future development and modification in the absence of engineering support. In order to address these issues, here we report on the development of a flexible single hardware design for electrophysiology and imaging both in brain tissue in vitro. Our hardware facilitates the rapid conversion of a single preparation between physiology and imaging system and the conversion of a given system between preparations. In addition, our use of rapid prototyping machines ("3D printers") allows for the deployment of new designs within a day. Here, we present specifications for design and manufacturing as well as some data from our lab demonstrating the suitability of the design for physiology in behaving animals and imaging in vitro and in vivo.
Clinical usefulness of amitriptyline in fibromyalgia: the results of 23 N-of-1 randomized controlled trials. (1991)

Twenty-three double blind, randomized, multiple crossover trials (N-of-1 RCT) of amitriptyline were conducted in patients with fibromyalgia. The benefit of amitriptyline was assessed using a symptom questionnaire and count of tender points. To assess the usefulness of the method, the proportion of trials that provided a definite answer was examined. Completing the trial resulted in reaching a high degree of confidence in the final management decision in 74% of trials. In 35% of trials, results led to discontinuation of the drug which otherwise would have been continued indefinitely. The drug benefit, if present, was evident within first 2 weeks of therapy. We concluded that these results support the feasibility and usefulness of N-of-1 RCT in rheumatology practice.
Genetic screening and testing by induced heteroduplex formation (1996)

Clustered point mutations and small deletions or insertions within DNA are amenable to rapid analysis using induced heteroduplex formation. A single synthetic molecule (universal heteroduplex generator, UHG) may detect any of a series of such mutations following amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. This paper illustrates the use of UHG-based DNA heteroduplex analysis by describing the construction, properties, and methods of use of five UHGs, designed for genetic screening and testing of the inherited metabolic diseases: phenylketonuria, sickle-cell disease, cystic fibrosis, von Willebrand's disease type 2B, and mamman-binding lectin deficiency. In all cases, identification of multiple disease-associated genotypes is possible using a single UHG.
Study on the structure and properties of (1-<i>x</i>) BiYbO<sub>3</sub>-<i>x</i>BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics synthesized by sol–gel method (2017)

(1-x) BiYbO3-xBaTiO3 (short for BY-BT) lead-free ferroelectric ceramics were synthesized by solid state reaction method. The microstructure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties were studied as a function of the relative ratio between the two ceramics. It is found that all samples calcined at 800°C and sintered at 1050°C consist of Bi1.3Yb0.7O3 and Yb2O3 phases, which shows relatively high density. The highest relative density (ρ = 99.8%) and shrinkage (α = 13%) of BY-BT ceramics is obtained at x = 0.05. The maximum value of the remanent polarization (Pr) (Prmax = 0.1286 μC/cm2) can be obtained when x = 0.1. These results indicate a possible treat method to optimize the properties of two solid solutions.
Development of Improved Models for Gas Sorption Simulation (2013)

Computational chemistry offers one the ability to develop a better understanding of the complex physical and chemical interactions that are fundamental to macro- and mesoscopic processes that are seen in laboratory experiments, industrial processes, and ordinary, everyday life. For many systems, the physics of interest occur at the molecular or atomistic levels, and in these cases, computational modeling and two well refined simulation techniques become invaluable: Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD). In this work, two well established problems were tackled. First, models and potentials for various gas molecules were produced and refined from first principles. These models, although based on work done previously by Belof et al., are novel due to the inclusion of many-body van der Waals interactions, advanced r-12 repulsion combining rules for treating unlike intra- and intermolecular interactions, and highly-efficient treatment of induction interactions. Second, a multitude of models were developed and countless MD simulations were performed in order to describe and understand the giant frictional anisotropy of d-AlCoNi, first observed by Park et al. in 2005.
Porcine small intestinal submucosa as a dural substitute (1999)

Porcine small intestinal submucosa demonstrates a favorable biologic response as a dural substitute in the canine model. It is a promising biomaterial for dural replacement.
Cooperative time-reversal communication in wireless sensor networks (2005)

We study the feasibility of using a technique called time reversal for cooperative communication on wireless sensor networks. An indoor environment containing multiple wireless sensors is used as an example in which to test and demonstrate this approach. Using numerical simulations, we study the behavior of the peak power received at a target sensor as a function of the number of cooperating transmitting sensors as well as the level of transmitted signal distortion and timing synchronization errors. The simulation results demonstrate that time reversal is an effective generalization of beamforming that provides an efficient basis for cooperative communication on broadband multipath channels
The smart antenna module for RF repeater (2011)

The signals received at the receiving antenna are consist of signals from base station (or mobile terminal) and transmitted signals from the other side of antenna in a RF repeater. And the amplification rate of the RF repeater is limited by the feedbacked signals from the same repeater. Therefore, a receiving antenna has to be isolated from a transmitting antenna in order to reduce the effect of the feedbacked signal in the RF repeater. Or, recently, ICS (interference cancellation system) techniques have been studied to estimate and to remove the feedback signals. However, it requires lots of hardware complexity and computational delay. To solve these problems, we have studied the implementation and adaptation of smart antenna system for RF repeaters. We have designed a smart antenna module with switching beam structure in order to reduce the hardware and computational complexity. After analyzing the proposed smart antenna module, we found out that the proposed repeater increases the amplification rate 15dB compare to the conventional RF repeater.
DNA Ligase I Is an In Vivo Substrate of DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase and Is Activated by Phosphorylation in Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks<sup>,</sup> (2006)

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) phosphorylates several cellular proteins in vitro, but its cellular function and natural substrate(s) in vivo are not established. We reported activation of DNA ligase in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) on exposure to the DNA-damaging compound bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide. The activated enzyme was identified as DNA ligase I, and this activation was attributed to phosphorylation of the enzyme. Here, we show that the phosphorylation is mediated by DNA-PK and that DNA ligase I is one of its natural substrates in vivo. DNA ligase I phosphorylation-cum-activation is a response specific to DNA double-strand breaks. We also demonstrate that affinity-purified inactive DNA ligase I is phosphorylated and activated in vitro by HeLa Cell DNA-PK confirming the in vivo observations. The findings specify the roles of DNA-PK and DNA ligase I in mammalian DNA double-strand break repair.
Cheap Hardware Parallelism Implies Cheap Security (2007)

The paper presents a new aspect within that PC oriented side-channel attack arena. Specifically, we present a novel square vs. multiplication oriented side-channel attack which is very unique to certain simultaneous multi threading CPU architectures and it seems that it cannot be carried out on CPU architectures without SMT hardware assistance. The simple reason for this uniqueness of our novel attack is the fact that it doesn't rest - as all other previous MicroArchitectural side-channel attacks - upon a shared resource with the persistent state property between context/process switches, for e.g., caches, BTBs, etc. Instead, it is based upon the fact that Intel's hyper-threading technology shares the ALU's large parallel integer (floating-point) multiplier between its two hardware threads, where it is noteworthy that the multiplier obviously doesn't preserve its state during context switches. As the latest OpenSSL changes, i.e., protections against side-channels attacks are already in place, cf. (Brickell et al., 2006), our paper doesn't introduce a new vulnerability into the OpenSSL library at all. Nevertheless, our attack has the following unintuitive property. Longer key sizes just make our attack scenario easier and not more difficult as one could assume at first sight. Thus, the present paper teaches that the sole presence of particular multi threading implementations requires a very deep understanding of the interplay between the underlying hardware and software, in order to appropriately judge the implied security consequences.
Polarisation stability in long lengths of monomode fibre (1982)

Polarisation stability tests have been carried out on various monomode fibres of up to 31.6 km in length, none of which has been designed to have polarisation-retaining properties. The state of polarisation at the fibre output was found to change very little over a test period of 96 h.
A penalty PALM method for sparse portfolio selection problems (2016)

In this paper, we propose a penalty proximal alternating linearized minimization method for the large-scale sparse portfolio problems in which a sequence of penalty subproblems are solved by utilizing the proximal alternating linearized minimization framework and sparse projection techniques. For exploiting the structure of the problems and reducing the computation complexity, each penalty subproblem is solved by alternately solving two projection problems. The global convergence of the method to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker point or a local minimizer of the problem can be proved under the characteristic of the problem. The computational results with practical problems demonstrate that our method can find the suboptimal solutions of the problems efficiently and is competitive with some other local solution methods.
Controlled chain polymerisation and chemical soldering for single-molecule electronics (2012)

Single functional molecules offer great potential for the development of novel nanoelectronic devices with capabilities beyond today's silicon-based devices. To realise single-molecule electronics, the development of a viable method for connecting functional molecules to each other using single conductive polymer chains is required. The method of initiating chain polymerisation using the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) is very useful for fabricating single conductive polymer chains at designated positions and thereby wiring single molecules. In this feature article, developments in the controlled chain polymerisation of diacetylene compounds and the properties of polydiacetylene chains are summarised. Recent studies of "chemical soldering", a technique enabling the covalent connection of single polydiacetylene chains to single functional molecules, are also introduced. This represents a key step in advancing the development of single-molecule electronics.
Covalent Attachment of Methylene Blue to Oligonucleotides (1995)

Abstract The synthesis and application of oligonucleotides derivatized by methylene blue are described. For that, a carboxylated methylene blue derivative was synthesized and transformed into an activated N-hydroxysuccinimidoester. The activated ester was reacted with 5′-aminoalkylated oligonucleotides. The labelled oligonucleotides were isolated and characterized both by reversed phase HPLC and MALDI mass spectrometry. Initial studies on analytical application of these oligonucleotide conjugates are discussed.
Isolation of Three High Molecular Weight Polysaccharide Preparations with Potent Immunostimulatory Activity from<i>Spirulina platensis</i>,<i>Aphanizomenon flos-aquae</i>and<i>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</i> (2001)

This research describes the identification of three new high molecular weight polysaccharide preparations isolated from food-grade microalgae that are potent activators of human monocytes/macrophages: "Immulina" from Spirulina platensis, "Immunon" from Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, and "Immurella" from Chlorella pyrenoidosa. These polysaccharides are structurally complex and have estimated molecular weights above ten million daltons. All three polysaccharides are highly water soluble and comprise between 0.5 % and 2.0 % of microalgal dry weight. Immunostimulatory activity was measured using a transcription factor-based bioassay for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation in THP-1 human monocytes/macrophages. Using this system the EC(50) values for these microalgal polysaccharides are between 20 and 110 ng/ml (about 10pM). THP-1 activation was confirmed by measuring immune cytokine mRNA induction using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Each polysaccharide substantially increased mRNA levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). These polysaccharides are between one hundred and one thousand times more active for in vitro monocyte activation than polysaccharide preparations that are currently used clinically for cancer immunotherapy.
<i>In situ</i>x-ray-diffraction and -reflectivity studies of the Au(111)/electrolyte interface: Reconstruction and anion adsorption (1992)

In situ x-ray-scattering studies of the Au(111) electrode surface have been carried out in NaF, NaCl, LiCl, CsCl, KCl, and NaBr solutions using grazing-incident-angle diffraction and reflectivity techniques. The top layer of gold atoms undergoes a reversible phase transition between the (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) bulk termination and a (p\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} \ensuremath{\surd}3 ) uniaxial discommensuration (striped) phase on changing the electrode potential. Below the critical potential, in all solutions, p=23, which is identical to that obtained in vacuum. An ordered array of discommensuration kinks is not observed. Above the critical potential, 23p30. At sufficiently positive potentials, the surface forms an ideally terminated (111) surface. In the negative potential sweep, the reconstruction starts to reform at the critical potential. Analysis of the potential dependence of the scattered x-ray intensity with differing anions in NaF, NaCl, and NaBr solutions supports a unifying model that depends on the induced surface charge density. The transition to the (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) phase is much faster than the formation of the reconstructed phase. Cycling the potential in the reconstructed region improves the reconstructed surface order. The adsorption of anions and ``surface water'' at the gold interface has been investigated using specular x-ray reflectivity.
Pegasparaginase: where do we stand? (2008)

The use of unmodified asparaginases (ASP) in the management of pediatric and adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is well established. Despite its well-proven clinical efficacy, the use of unmodified Escherichia coli ASP (EC-ASP) has been limited by frequent toxicities, especially the development of hypersensitivity reactions and neutralizing antibodies, and by the need for frequent administration. To overcome these limitations, EC-ASP enzyme was covalently linked to monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (PEG), forming the pegylated ASP (PEG-ASP) (Oncaspar). PEG-ASP has a prolonged half-life and is associated with decreased immunogenicity when compared with EC-ASP. Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of PEG-ASP administered intramuscularly, subcutaneously or intravenously as part of multi-agent chemotherapy regimens in the management of newly diagnosed and relapsed pediatric and adult ALL. Here we discuss the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trial results and potential side effects of PEG-ASP.