gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Response of Dendritic Cells to Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (2005)

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in shaping antiviral immune responses in the respiratory tract. Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently identified pathogen and like its better known relative, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), has been increasingly recognized as a major cause of respiratory morbidity in infants and in elderly persons. In the present study, we examined susceptibility as well as cellular responses of human DCs to hMPV compared with RSV. Monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) were susceptible to infection by both viruses, but only RSV was able to induce a productive infection with release of viral progeny. Despite the fact that viral infection resulted in phenotypic maturation of moDCs, as shown by the upregulation of cell surface markers and antigen-presenting molecules (MHC I and II, CD80, CD83, CD86, CD38), RSV-infected moDCs showed a severely impaired capacity to stimulate CD4+ T cell proliferation. Compared with hMPV, RSV was a more potent inducer of inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-10, and IL-12p70 in both moDCs and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). On the other hand, hMPV, but not RSV, was able to trigger production of IFN-alpha by moDCs, while both viruses strongly induced IFN-alpha in pDCs. Finally, both viruses strikingly suppressed IFN-alpha production by moDCs or pDCs stimulated with synthetic dsRNA and CpG-ODN, respectively. The findings provide novel evidence that RSV and hMPV differentially activate human DCs and may use distinct mechanisms to interfere with the host innate and adaptive immune responses.
Temporal Query Processing and Optimization in Multiprocessor Database Machines (1992)

In this paper, we discuss issues involving temporal data fragmentation, temporal query processing, and query optimization in multiprocessor database machines. We propose parallel processing strategies, which are based on partitioning of temporal relations on timestamp values, for multi-way joins (e.g., complex temporal pattern queries) and optimization alternatives. We analyze the proposed schemes quantitatively, and show their advantages in computing complex temporal joins.
Functionalization of Inorganic Nanoparticles with Organic Molecules (2008)

無機ナノ粒子は，分子ともバルク固体とも異なる性質をもち，その小ささゆえに応用方法も非常に多い．その無機ナノ粒子だけでも優れた性質をもつが，さらに有機材料を組合せることで，片方だけでは得られない，新たな機能を持った材料が作製できる．本報では，ナノ粒子に関連した技術の中でも，特に有機材料を用いたことで達成された例について大きく三つの分野に分け，各分野における興味深い報告例を紹介する．第 1 章にてナノ粒子に必要とされる技術の概要を述べた後，第 2 章ではコアシェル型粒子，特殊形状ナノ粒子など有機材料を用いた形状制御について紹介する．第 3 章では有機分子の表面修飾による機能化，あるいは応答性の付与について，第 4 章においてはナノ粒子を規則的に並べる方法や，共有結合で一次元的に繋げた，ナノアレイの作製について紹介する．
Anaerobic treatment of mine wastewater for the removal of selenate and its co-contaminants (2018)

Selenium (Se) pollution has led to several cases of severe aquatic ecosystem deterioration due to Se poisoning caused by bioaccumulation over time. However, the removal of selenate (SeO4 2-) from wastewater streams with co-contaminants has been largely considered as a black box in anaerobic biological systems using mixed consortia. This research aimed at addressing the effect of wastewater characteristics, i.e. co-contaminants such as nitrate (NO3 -) and sulfate (SO4 2-), heavy metals and pH, on the biological reduction of SO4 2- and evaluating process integration for Se-laden wastewater treatment with co-contaminants. This study demonstrated that the presence of co-contaminants can actually be beneficial for Se removal provided that the concentrations are carefully monitored and appropriate operating conditions and process configurations are used. The Se removal (total Se and SeO4 2-) efficiency increased by ~30% in the presence of NO3 - and/or SO4 2- compared to systems with SeO4 2- alone. Additionally, an integrated process of an ion exchange (IX) column and bioreactors showed improved overall removal capacity for SO4 2- and total Se. The knowledge and information gained from this research can help in the advancement and application of biological processes, i.e. predicting of reactor performance, solving specific design or practical problems and implementing novel treatment techniques for Se-laden mine wastewater.
Variations in tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes to nisin, pediocin PA-1 and bavaricin A (1998)

A collection of 381 Listeria monocytogenes strains was examined for strain variations in nisin and pediocin sensitivity at three different concentrations on Tryptic Soya Agar. Two of the strains were able to grow on agar plates containing 500 IU nisin ml-1. These strains were characterized as having an enhanced nisin tolerance. Twenty strains had normal growth on agar plates containing 1600 AU pediocin ml-1 and higher. These strains were characterized as pediocin-resistant. Another 34 strains, characterized as having enhanced tolerance, exhibited inhibited growth at 1600 AU pediocin ml-1. Bavaricin sensitivity, examined for 22 strains of L. monocytogenes, correlated with the pediocin sensitivity of the strains. It is therefore assumed that there is accordance between the pediocin and bavaricin sensitivity of the remaining strains. Cross-resistance between nisin and pediocin/bavaricin was not found.
Inhibitory effect of snake venom toxin from <i>Vipera lebetina turanica</i> on hormone-refractory human prostate cancer cell growth: induction of apoptosis through inactivation of nuclear factor κB (2007)

We investigated whether the snake venom toxin (SVT) from Vipera lebetina turanica inhibits cell growth of human prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and also studied possible signaling pathways involved in this cell death. SVT inhibited growth of PC-3 and DU145 cells, androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, but not LNCaP cells, a human androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell. Cells were arrested in the G(2)-M phase by SVT with a concomitant decrease in the expression of the G(2)-M phase regulatory protein cyclin B1 and were also arrested in the G(1)-S phase with decreasing expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D1 and cyclin E. In addition to the growth-inhibitory effect, SVT increased the induction of apoptotic cell death. Untreated PC-3 cells show high DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), an antiapoptotic transcriptional factor, but this was inhibited by SVT and accompanied by a significant inhibition of p50 translocation into the nucleus, as well as phosphorylation of inhibitory kappaB. Consistent with the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of NF-kappaB, this toxin increased the expression of proapoptotic proteins such as p53, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9, but down-regulated antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. However, SVT did not show an inhibitory effect on cell growth and caspase-3 activity in cells carrying mutant p50 and inhibitory kappaB kinase plasmids. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that SVT is taken up into the nucleus of the cells. These findings suggest that a nanogram concentration range of SVT from V. lebetina turanica could inhibit hormone-refractory human prostate cancer cell growth, and the effect may be related to NF-kappaB signal-mediated induction of apoptosis.
Structural Investigation of Rapidly Quenched Li<sub>2</sub>O-B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Glasses by Raman Spectroscopy (1986)

Glasses were prepared over a wide range of composition in the system Li2O-B2O3 using a rapid quenching technique. The glass-forming region was extended up to the composition of 70mol% Li2O. Raman spectra of the glasses were measured; drastic spectral changes were observed in the glasses containing more than 50mol% Li2O whereas the spectra of the glasses with the smaller Li2O content showed a close resemblance to each other. The spectra revealed that the main structural units were the six-membered borate rings with BO4 units for the glasses with small Li2O contents and the pyroborate and orthoborate groups for those with large Li2O contents. Corrected Raman spectra were deconvoluted into six Gaussian lines ascribed to specific structural units and the relative amounts of the structural units were determined on the basis of each area of the Gaussian lines. The six-membered borate ring with BO4 units and the pyroborate group were shown to have a maximum proportion at the compositions with 33 and 67mol% Li2O, respectively. A large amount of orthoborate groups, completely discrete anions, was also shown to be present even in the compositions with such a small Li2O content as 25mol%. The fraction N4 of four coordination boron atoms present in the glasses was determined against the glass composition and compared with the results by NMR study. Although in both results a maximum of N4 was observed in the composition region around 30 to 40mol% Li2O, the maximum value in this study was only a half of that by NMR study. This would be caused by the fact that every structural unit was assumed to have the same Raman scattering efficiency.
Unified Lossy and Near-Lossless Hyperspectral Image Compression Based on JPEG 2000 (2008)

We propose a compression algorithm for hyperspectral images featuring both lossy and near-lossless compression. The algorithm is based on JPEG 2000 and provides better near-lossless compression performance than 3D-CALIC. We also show that its effect on the results of selected applications is negligible and, in some cases, better than JPEG 2000.
Real-time applications of neural nets (1989)

The formidable real-time control problem posed by producing, accelerating, and colliding very-high-power, low-emittance beams for long periods of time is addressed. It is shown how neural nets suggest ways to circumvent the limitations encountered by such large, complex systems. It is argued that they are logically equivalent to multiloop feedback/forward control of faulty systems and mesh nicely with characteristics desired for real-time systems. Examples are given, and the potential of the approach is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Medium‐Chain Acyl‐CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency in an Infant with Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2009)

We report about an infant affected by dilated cardiomyopathy (CMP) in whom metabolic investigations evidenced medium-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), that is one of three types of inherited disorders of mitochondrial fatty-acid beta-oxidation. Long-chain and very long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficits are recognized as responsible of hypertrophic or, less frequently, dilated cardiomyopathy (CMP) in childhood. Otherwise, to our knowledge, no case of MCADD associated to dilated CMP has been reported in literature.
Radiosynthesis of 8-Fluoro-3-(4-[18F]Fluorophenyl)-3,4-Dihydro-1-Isoquinolinamine ([18F]FFDI), a Potential PET Radiotracer for the Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (2008)

A selective and potent iNOS inhibitor, 8-fluoro-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-1-isoquinolinamine (IC50 =0.16 μM) has been developed recently [8]. Based on that inhibitor, a novel PET imaging tracer intended for in vivo assessment of the iNOS, the F-18 labeled 8-fluoro-3-(4-[18F]fluorophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-1-isoquinolinamine ([18F]FFDI) was synthesized. [18F]FFDI was first prepared with radiochemical yield of 12-28% (with decay correction to EOS), low specific radioactivity, and low chemical purity by the direct aromatic nucleophilic substitution of 8-fluoro-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-1-isoquinolinamine. Here an alternate two step synthesis is reported, in which nucleophilic [18F]fluoride substitution of 4-nitro-benzaldehyde and 4-N,N,N-trimethylammoniumbenzaldehyde triflate yielded 4-[18F]fluorobenzaldehyde, which was then converted to N-Trimethylsilyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzaldimine. N-Trimethylsilyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzaldimine reacted with the 2-fluoro-6-methyl-benzonitrile to form [18F]FFDI. The total synthesis took 115-128 min and the isolated yield was in the range of 15-26% (with decay correction to EOS), the radiochemical purity of the final product was higher than 99% and the specific radioactivity at the end of synthesis was typically 1212 ± 870 Ci/mmol (n=3). The final product was prepared as a sterile saline solution suitable for in vivo use on animals.
A comparative analysis of conservative versus surgical treatment of Morton's neuroma (1989)

The authors present a study of the treatment of Morton's neuroma. Sixty patients, involving 65 feet treated, were studied. Conservative treatments were compared to surgical excision of the neuroma. As a result of the findings in this study, the authors recommend surgical excision as the initial treatment of choice.
Classifications and Applications of Inkjet Printing Technology: A Review (2021)

Inkjet printing technology uses the low-cost direct deposition manufacturing technique for printing and is applicable in various fields including optics, ceramics, three-dimensional printing in biomedicine, and conductive circuitry. This study reviews the classifications and applications of inkjet printing technologies, with a focus on recent publications. The different design approaches, applications, and research progress of several inkjet printing techniques are reviewed. Among them, the piezoelectric inkjet printing technology is the main focus owing to its reliability and handling of a diverse range of inks. A piezo-driven inkjet printhead is activated by applying a voltage waveform to a piezoelectric membrane. The waveform ensures the formation of the designed droplet and a stable jet. A survey of various driving-voltage waveforms is conducted, which can serve as a reference to the research community that uses piezo-driven inkjet printheads. The challenges of printing quality, stability, and speed and their solutions as published in recent studies are reviewed. Technologies for producing high-viscosity inkjets are explored, and the applications of inkjet printing technology in textile, displays, and wearable devices are discussed.
Multiple view discriminative appearance modeling with IMCMC for distributed tracking (2013)

This paper proposes a distributed multi-camera tracking algorithm with interacting particle filters. A robust multi-view appearance model is obtained by sharing training samples between views. Motivated by incremental learning and [1], we create an intermediate data representation between two camera views with generative subspaces as points on a Grassmann manifold, and sample along the geodesic between training data from two views to uncover the meaningful description due to viewpoint changes. Finally, a Boosted appearance model is trained using the projected training samples on to these generative subspaces. For each object, a set of two particle filters i.e., local and global is used. The local particle filter models the object motion in the image plane. The global particle filter models the object motion in the ground plane. These particle filters are integrated into a unified Interacting Markov Chain Monte Carlo (IMCMC) framework. We show the manner in which we induce priors on scene specific information into the global particle filter to improve tracking accuracy. The proposed algorithm is validated with extensive experimentation in challenging camera network data, and compares favorably with state of the art object trackers.
High-Precision Current-Based CMOS WTA/LTA Filters (2007)

The design simulation and implementation of high precision current based MOS WTA/LTA filters are reported. The circuits are fast compact and exhibit a high resolution and a low power consumption. Therefore they result attractive to be used in massive parallel processing structures i.e., neural networks SPICE simulation results are presented in CMOS technology in addition experimental results are reported with monolithic NMOS and PMOS transistors
Endometrial responses to hormone replacement therapy: the bleeding pattern (1996)

Little information is available concerning the response of the endometrium to exogenous sex steroid therapy, particularly in the post-menopausal state. In this study we examined the variability of the bleeding pattern in 103 post-menopausal women receiving cyclical sequential combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) over 6 months. All patients kept menstrual diary cards to record the onset, duration and subjective assessment of the severity of bleeding. We defined a cycle as starting from the commencement of treatment till the day of onset of bleeding. Two groups were identified amongst 99 women who experienced bleeding: those with a mean cycle length of 29 or more days (late bleeders, n = 50) and those with shorter mean cycle length (early bleeders, n = 49). The former were characterized by less variability in cycle length and bleeding that was of shorter duration. Four women experienced no bleeding. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, year since the menopause, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), parity, or in the previous use of HRT. The only significant difference was in their smoking habits. This suggests a possible link of a hypo-oestrogenic state to poor cycle control.
The efficient clock-extraction methods of NRZ signal for chromatic dispersion monitoring (2005)

Clock-frequency component (CFC) is widely used to monitor chromatic dispersion. However, the CFCs extracted by different clock-extraction (CE) methods show different characteristics about dispersion. We compare the CE methods of nonreturn-to-zero signal for chromatic dispersion monitoring. We also compare the ability of the CE methods to detect the optimum amount of dispersion compensation when optical nonlinearity exists. As a result, we find out the efficient CE methods to monitor the optimum amount of dispersion compensation in the real high-speed transmission systems.
Analytical approach to transforming filter design for sound field recording and reproduction using circular arrays with a spherical baffle (2016)

A sound field recording and reproduction method using circular arrays of microphones and loudspeakers with a spherical baffle is proposed. The spherical baffle is an acoustically rigid object on which the microphone array is mounted. The driving signals of the loudspeakers must be obtained from the signals received by the microphones. A transform filter for this signal conversion is analytically derived, which is referred to as the wave field reconstruction filter. The proposed method using a spherical baffle is compared with methods using an array of directional microphones and a microphone array mounted on a cylindrical baffle. Numerical simulations indicated that the proposed method is advantageous for sound field recording and reproduction compared with the other two methods. The results of measurement experiments in a real environment are also demonstrated.
Reduced drug accumulation and multidrug resistance in human breast cancer cells without associated P‐glycoprotein or MRP overexpression (1997)

MCF-7 human breast cancer cells selected in Adriamycin in the presence of verapamil developed a multidrug resistant phenotype, which was characterized by as much as 100,000-fold resistance to mitoxantrone, 667-fold resistance to daunorubicin, and 600-fold resistance to doxorubicin. Immunoblot and PCR analyses demonstrated no increase in MDR-1 or MRP expression in resistant cells, relative to parental cells. This phenotype is similar to one previously described in mitoxantrone-selected cells. The cells, designated MCF-7 AdVp, displayed a slower growth rate without alteration in topoisomerase IIα level or activity. Increased efflux and reduced accumulation of daunomycin and rhodamine were observed when compared to parental cells. Depletion of ATP resulted in complete abrogation of efflux of both daunomycin and rhodamine. No apparent alterations in subcellular daunorubicin distribution were observed by confocal microscopy. No differences were noted in intracellular pH. Molecular cloning studies using DNA differential display identified increased expression of the alpha subunit of the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel in resistant cells. Quantitative PCR studies demonstrated an eightfold overexpression of the alpha subunit of the Na+ channel in the resistant subline. This channel may be linked to the mechanism of drug resistance in the AdVp cells. The results presented here support the hypothesis that a novel energy-dependent protein is responsible for the efflux in the AdVp cells. Further identification awaits molecular cloning studies. J. Cell. Biochem. 65:513–526. © 1997 Wiley-Liss Inc.
Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Is Essential for Hsp70-like Protein 1 (HSP70L1) to Activate Dendritic Cells and Induce Th1 Response (2011)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Emerging evidence suggests that TLR agonists can serve as potential adjuvant for vaccination. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), functionally serving as TLR4 agonists, have been proposed to act as Th1 adjuvant. We have identified a novel Hsp70 family member, termed Hsp70-like protein 1 (Hsp70L1), shown that Hsp70L1 is a potent T helper cell (Th1) polarizing adjuvant that contributes to antitumor immune responses. However, the underlying mechanism for how Hsp70L1 exerts its Th1 adjuvant activity remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that Hsp70L1 binds directly to TLR4 on the surface of DCs, activates MAPK and NF-κB pathways, up-regulates I-a(b), CD40, CD80, and CD86 expression and promotes production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-12p70. Hsp70L1 failed to induce such phenotypic maturation and cytokine production in TLR4-deficient DCs, indicating a role for TLR4 in mediating Hsp70L1-induced DC activation. Furthermore, more efficient induction of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific Th1 immune response was observed in mice immunized by wild-type DCs pulsed with Hsp70L1-CEA(576-669) fusion protein as compared with TLR4-deficient DCs pulsed with same fusion protein. In addition, TLR4 antagonist impaired induction of CEA-specific human Th1 immune response in a co-culture system of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from HLA-A2.1(+) healthy donors and autologous DCs pulsed with Hsp70L1-CEA(576-669) in vitro. Taken together, these results demonstrate that TLR4 is a key receptor mediating the interaction of Hsp70L1 with DCs and subsequently enhancing the induction of Th1 immune response by Hsp70L1/antigen fusion protein.
CD7- T cells represent a subset of normal human blood lymphocytes (1993)

In the peripheral blood of normal adults we identified a subpopulation of mature human T cells that lacks expression of CD7. These CD3+CD7- T cells represent 9% +/- 3.4 SD of PBMC as estimated by analyses of 38 different normal donors. The majority of CD7- T cells express TCR alpha/beta, and are of CD4 helper and CD45RO+CD45RA- "memory" phenotype as determined by three-color fluorescence analysis. We established seven CD4+CD7- T cell clones in vitro from purified CD7- blood T cells and compared these cells to CD4+CD7+ clones. Nonexpression and expression, respectively, of CD7 was a stable feature of all clones during long term culture for more than 6 mo. No CD7 mRNA could be detected by dot blot and Northern blot analysis of purified CD7- T cells and of expanded T cell clones implicating a transcriptional regulation of CD7 Ag expression. Ionomycin/TPA and PHA stimulation were not capable to induce CD7 expression in CD7- cells but up-regulated CD7 expression in CD7+ cells. Whereas CD7- cells of cutaneous T cell lymphoma exhibit a cerebriform nucleus (Sézary cells), no evidence was obtained for cerebriform nuclear morphology in normal CD7- T cells from peripheral blood. We suggest that these CD7- T cells represent a physiologic subset of mature T cells and may be the circulating counterpart of those lymphocytes that are found to be enriched in normal skin and in a variety of benign and malignant skin diseases.