gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Injury Protection Capabilities of Army Combat Helmets (2006)

Traditionally, combat helmet design has focused on improving ballistic protection, but there has been recent interest in providing better protection from blunt impacts as well. In the military environment, many factors can produce blunt force head injury, including ground vehicle or aircraft mishaps, falls, etc. This paper outlines recent accomplishments of the combat helmet program at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL) that have contributed measurably to enhanced Soldier survival in current combat operations.
Current instrumentation for continuous monitoring for sulfur dioxide (1973)

This report presents the results of a survey of instrumentation for monitoring sulfur dioxide. Results give descriptions of the physical and operating characteristics of available instruments, critical comparisons among instrumentation methods, and recommendations for development of new instrumentation. The types of equipment discussed include conductimetric analyzers, colorimetric analyzers, dispersive absorption spectrometers, and condensation formation analyzers. Two tables present data on ambient air monitors and SO/sub 2/ stationary source monitors.
SINEUPs: A new class of natural and synthetic antisense long non-coding RNAs that activate translation (2015)

Over the past 10 years, it has emerged that pervasive transcription in mammalian genomes has a tremendous impact on several biological functions. Most of transcribed RNAs are lncRNAs and repetitive elements. In this review, we will detail the discovery of a new functional class of natural and synthetic antisense lncRNAs that stimulate translation of sense mRNAs. These molecules have been named SINEUPs since their function requires the activity of an embedded inverted SINEB2 sequence to UP-regulate translation. Natural SINEUPs suggest that embedded Transposable Elements may represent functional domains in long non-coding RNAs. Synthetic SINEUPs may be designed by targeting the antisense sequence to the mRNA of choice representing the first scalable tool to increase protein synthesis of potentially any gene of interest. We will discuss potential applications of SINEUP technology in the field of molecular biology experiments, in protein manufacturing as well as in therapy of haploinsufficiencies.
Variable-depth trie index optimization: theory and experimental results (1989)

We develop an efficient approach to Trie index optimization. A Trie is a data structure used to index a file having a set of attributes as record identifiers. In the proposed methodology, a file is horizontally partitioned into subsets of records using a Trie index whose depth of indexing is allowed to vary. The retrieval of a record from the file proceeds by “stepping through” the index to identify a subset of records in the file in which a binary search is performed. This paper develops a taxonomy of optimization problems underlying variable-depth Trie index construction. All these problems are solvable in polynomial time, and their characteristics are studied. Exact algorithms and heuristics for their solution are presented. The algorithms are employed in CRES-an expert system for editing written narrative material, developed for the Department of the Navy. CRES uses several large-to-very-large dictionary files for which Trie indexes are constructed using these algorithms. Computational experience with CRES shows that search and retrieval using variable-depth Trie indexes can be as much as six times faster than pure binary search. The space requirements of the Tries are reasonable. The results show that the variable-depth Tries constructed according to the proposed algorithms are viable and efficient for indexing large-to-very-large files by attributes in practical applications.
Recombinant Human Interleukin‐11 in Experimental<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Sepsis in Immunocompromised Animals (1998)

The therapeutic potential of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) was tested in a neutropenic rat model that mimics the clinical consequences of myelosuppressive chemotherapy complicated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis. rhIL-11-treated animals (150 micrograms/kg intravenously every 24 h for 3 days) had reduced endotoxin levels (P < .05) and less pulmonary edema fluid (P < .001) and were protected (P < .01) against thinning and necrosis of the intestinal mucosa compared with the control group. The survival rate in rhIL-11-treated animals was 40% (19/47), whereas it was 0 (0 of 19) in the control group (P < .01). The addition of ciprofloxacin (10 mg/kg every 12 h) resulted in a survival rate of 9 (60%) of 15, while the combination of rhIL-11 and ciprofloxacin resulted in 100% survival (15/15; P < .05). These results indicate that rhIL-11 supports mucous membrane integrity of the alimentary tract and decreases the systemic inflammatory response to experimental gram-negative infection in immunocompromised animals.
Abstract 5464: In-vitro studies of MM-121/SAR 256212, an anti-ErbB-3 antibody, in combination with erlotinib in EGFR-wild-type NSCLC. (2013)

Abstract MM-121/SAR 256212 is a fully human anti ErbB3/HER3 antibody that blocks ligand-induced receptor activation. Formation of EGFR/ErbB3 (ErbB1-3) heterodimers has been implicated as a major driver of tumor growth and survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although erlotinib remains the standard-of-care treatment for patients with EGFR-wild-type NSCLC who have failed platinum combination chemotherapy, clinical benefit is typically modest. To address this unmet medical need, we investigated the combination of erlotinib with MM-121 in pre-clinical models of NSCLC. We initially assembled a panel of 25 EGFR-WT NSCLC cell lines spanning the most common histological subtypes (adenocarcinoma, squamous and large-cell carcinoma). Clinical studies show that tumors harboring activating Ras mutations less commonly respond to ErbB-directed therapies. To explore the effect of Ras mutations on responsiveness to MM-121, we also selected our cell lines to include a variety of H-/K-/N-Ras genotypes. Using a carefully optimized in-vitro 3D culture system, we then measured cell viability in response to MM-121, erlotinib or a combination of the drugs in the presence or absence of exogenously added epidermal growth factor (EGF) and/or heregulin-β1 (HRG). Our results indicate that MM-121 inhibits HRG-driven cell proliferation in the studied cell lines. In the five cell lines exhibiting dual-EGF-HRG-driven cell proliferation, the combination of MM-121 with erlotinib demonstrated superior inhibition of cell viability over erlotinib alone.To assess the ability of MM-121 to inhibit tumor cell growth independent of exogenously supplied HRG, we established mouse xenografts from three of the cell lines and treated mice with erlotinib, MM-121, or a combination of the two. All three in-vivo models showed greatly enhanced inhibition of tumor cell growth compared to erlotinib alone in a manner consistent with our in-vitro results. Analyzing our in vitro data we found that mutations in Ras genes (HRAS, KRAS, NRAS) do not preclude response to MM-121 or incremental benefit from the combination of MM-121 with erlotinib over erlotinib alone. Non-adenocarcinoma origin likewise did not preclude response to MM-121, although a weak trend towards diminished activity in the ten non-adenocarcinoma NSCLC cell lines was apparent. Merrimack Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi are co-developing MM-121 and a Phase 1-2 study of MM-121 in combination with erlotinib is currently enrolling patients with EGFR-wild-type NSCLC. Citation Format: Marisa J. Wainszelbaum, Mark S. Sevecka, Olga Burenkova, Gabriela Garcia, William Kubasek, Gavin MacBeath. In-vitro studies of MM-121/SAR 256212, an anti-ErbB-3 antibody, in combination with erlotinib in EGFR-wild-type NSCLC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5464. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5464
Experiments on population growth of the predatory nernatode P~iolzclzuZus- punctatus in laboratory culture with observations on life history (') (1981)

SUMMARY A laboratory method was developed for culturing suficient Prionchulus punctatus for use as a biological control agent in pot trials. Continued population growth required subculturing at approximately four week intervals and was greatest when old culturemedium was transferred. Various additions to the agar media affected population development : soi1 or humus extracts increased predator population growth whereas aqueous extracts or dialysates of four week old stock culture agar reduced reproduction and survival. RESUM~ Croissance des populations du ninzatode pridateur Prionchulus punctatus dans des elevages de laboratoire et observations sur son cycle vital
Mutation in Transcription Factor <i>POU4F3</i> Associated with Inherited Progressive Hearing Loss in Humans (1998)

The molecular basis for autosomal dominant progressive nonsyndromic hearing loss in an Israeli Jewish family, Family H, has been determined. Linkage analysis placed this deafness locus, DFNA15, on chromosome 5q31. The human homolog of mouse Pou4f3, a member of the POU-domain family of transcription factors whose targeted inactivation causes profound deafness in mice, was physically mapped to the 25-centimorgan DFNA15-linked region. An 8-base pair deletion in the POU homeodomain of human POU4F3 was identified in Family H. A truncated protein presumably impairs high-affinity binding of this transcription factor in a dominant negative fashion, leading to progressive hearing loss.
Copper-Catalyzed C−P Bond Construction via Direct Coupling of Secondary Phosphines and Phosphites with Aryl and Vinyl Halides (2003)

A general method for the coupling of aryl and vinyl halides with diaryl and dialkyl phosphines, as well as with dibutyl phosphite, is reported. This highly efficient transformation is realized through the use of copper(I) iodide as a catalyst, N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine as a ligand, and Cs(2)CO(3) as a base. A variety of sterically hindered and/or functionalized substrates were found to react under these reaction conditions to provide products in good to excellent yields. [reaction: see text]
Laser irradiation of biological tissue through water as a means of reducing thermal damage (1996)

Background and Objective Reduction of thermal damage inbred with laser surgery is an ongoing challenge. The cavitation effect has been shown to facilitate the transmission of a laser beam through the otherwise opaque water layer. We suggest that by immersing the target tissue in water during laser surgery, thermal damage will be diminished. Study Design/Materials and Methods A method of irradiating tissue by CO2 laser through a layer of a few millimeters of water is described. A series of experiments was conducted on fresh bovine cornea immersed in water or in air, histology of thermal damage was compared. Results We were able to show that irradiation of tissue immersed in water reduces the thermal damage caused to the area surrounding the incision as compared to the damage caused during irradiation of tissue in air (P < 0.001). Conclusion Laser surgery of tissue immersed in water can reduce the inbred thermal damage. Application of this method to clinical use may result in precise, clean cutting, and enable the use of CO2 laser through water. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Liver tissue engineering and cell sources: issues and challenges (2013)

Liver diseases are of major concern as they now account for millions of deaths annually. As a result of the increased incidence of liver disease, many patients die on the transplant waiting list, before a donor organ becomes available. To meet the huge demand for donor liver, alternative approaches using liver tissue engineering principles are being actively pursued. Even though adult hepatocytes, the primary cells of the liver are most preferred for tissue engineering of liver, their limited availability, isolation from diseased organs, lack of in vitro propagation and deterioration of function acts as a major drawback to their use. Various approaches have been taken to prevent the functional deterioration of hepatocytes including the provision of an adequate extracellular matrix and co-culture with non-parenchymal cells of liver. Great progress has also been made to differentiate human stem cells to hepatocytes and to use them for liver tissue engineering applications. This review provides an overview of recent challenges, issues and cell sources with regard to liver tissue engineering.
Hierarchical Porous Plasmonic Metamaterials for Reproducible Ultrasensitive Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2014)

Hierarchical porous plasmonic metamaterials consisting of periodic nanoholes with tunable diameter and uniformly distributed mesopores over the bulk are developed as a new class of 3D surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates. This multiscale architecture not only facilitates efficient cascaded electromagnetic enhancement but also provides an enormous number of Raman-active binding sites, exhibiting excellent reproducibility and ultrasensitive detection of aromatic molecules down to 10(-13) M.
FAM83H is involved in stabilization of β-catenin and progression of osteosarcomas (2019)

This study suggests that FAM83H is involved in the progression of osteosarcomas via a mechanism involving the stabilization of β-catenin and the promotion of proliferation and invasiveness of osteosarcomas.
Monolithic red-green-blue laser light source based on cascaded wavelength conversion in periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate (2006)

A compact, pulsed, red, green, and blue laser source based on cascaded quasi-phase-matched wavelength conversion in two periodic superlattices set in tandem in a single stoichiometric LiTaO3 crystal and pumped by a laser source at 532nm is reported. The white light equivalent flux obtained was 80lmper1W input with a green to white light power conversion efficiency of &gt;30%. Unity power conversion is feasible in this monolithic approach.
Cutting Edge: Cytolytic Effector Function in Human Circulating CD8+ T Cells Closely Correlates with CD56 Surface Expression (2000)

Recent data suggest that human effector CD8+ T cells express a distinct CD27-CD45RAhigh (CD57+CD28-CD11ahigh) phenotype. Here, we propose that CTL effector function correlates better with CD56 (neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)) surface expression. CD56 was absent on cord blood CD8+ T cells, but was expressed by 4-30% of freshly isolated circulating CD8+ T cells from 15 adults. Dramatic oligoclonal expansions in 3/3 individuals were confined to the CD56+ subset of CD8+ T cells. The CD56+ subset generally contained high amounts of intracellular perforin and granzyme B. Finally, direct cytolytic capacity was closely restricted to the CD56+(CD45RAhigh) cells, better than to CD27-CD45RAhigh cells in 5/5 individuals analyzed. Thus, the phenotype corresponding to the circulating effector CD8+ T cell pool may be simplified and more precisely defined by the use of just two surface markers: CD8 and CD56.
Calcium antagonists--assessment of side effects. (1990)

Clinically used calcium antagonists are derivatives of either verapamil (verapamil), dihydropyridines (e.g. felodipine and nifedipine), or benzothiazepines (diltiazem). The principal side effects are mostly predictable, dose-dependent, and related to their main actions: vasodilatation, negative inotropic effects and antiarrhythmic effects. All calcium antagonists have demonstrated a pronounced hypotensive effect. Conduction disturbances and bradycardia are seen more often after verapamil and diltiazem, while tachycardia, headache, ankle oedema; and flush are more frequent after felodipine and nifedipine. Another side effect is constipation, which is frequent after verapamil. Important interactions have been reported with, for instance, digoxin and beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Calcium antagonists may have favourable effects on serum lipids, and there is no indication of consistent changes in basal glucose metabolism. Uric acid is unchanged or reduced. Regarding the effects on the quality of life exerted by the different calcium antagonists, very little is known since such studies have not been performed so far.
Low-cost microstrip phased array antenna for use in mobile satellite telephone communication service (2005)

A design for a low-cost phased array antenna used in a car-top application for a satellite communications link is presented. Microstrip stacked patch elements provide good pattern coverage over the 7% bandwidth. Three-bit distributed element microstrip phase shifters provide beam steering over a range of 30 to 70 degrees from boresight. Microstrip technology is also used in the corporate power divider and polarization hybrids. A hybrid tracking system consisting of an inertial sensor for open loop tracking and a sequential lobing scheme for closed loop tracking provides accurate tracking of the signal through brief signal outages. A novel scheme is used to eliminate the effects of varying multipath on closed-loop tracking accuracy. A single board PC-compatible computer is used in conjunction with an interface board to steer the antenna and interface with the transceiver.
Power scaling of high brightness 980 nm Yb-doped fiber laser: detailed study and experiment (2009)

We report on a detailed study on 980 nm emission in Yb fiber lasers highlighting the appropriateness of a short-length large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber as gain medium. An experimental realization resulted in 94W output power in a close to diffraction limited beam.
Dynamic balance of multiple myeloma clonogenic side population cell percentages controlled by environmental conditions (2014)

Cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor progression and disease recurrence in multiple myeloma (MM). However, little is known about the regulation of MM stem cells. Here, we show that a population of MM cells, known as the side population (SP), exhibits stem-like properties. Cells that constitute the SP in primary MM isolates are negative or seldom expressed for CD138 and CD20 markers. In addition, the SP population contains stem cells that belong to the same lineage as the mature neoplastic plasma cells. Importantly, our data indicate that the SP and nonside population (NSP) percentages in heterogeneous MM cells are balanced, and that this balance can be achieved through a prolonged in vitro culture. Furthermore, we show that SP cells, with confirmed molecular characteristics of MM stem cells, can be regenerated from purified NSP cell populations. We also show that the percentage of SP cells can be enhanced by the hypoxic stress, which is frequently observed within MM tumors. Finally, hypoxic stress enhanced the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and blocking the TGF-β1 signaling pathway inhibited the NSP dedifferentiation. Taken together, these findings indicate that the balance between MM SP and NSP is regulated by environmental factors and TGF-β1 pathway is involved in hypoxia-induced increase of SP population. Understanding the mechanisms that facilitate SP maintenance will accelerate the design of novel therapeutics aimed at controlling these cells in MM.
The Effects of Spatial Dispersion on Power Flow Along a Printed-Circuit Tensor Impedance Surface (2014)

In this communication, expressions for the group velocity and the direction of power flow along an idealized tensor impedance boundary condition (TIBC) and a printed-circuit tensor impedance surface (PCTIS), are found. A PCTIS consists of a patterned metallic cladding over a grounded dielectric substrate. The patterned metallic cladding is modeled by a tensor impedance sheet. Expressions for the surface impedance of a TIBC and a PCTIS are reviewed. From these expressions, the group velocity and direction of power flow are derived as a function of transverse wave vector. A PCTIS exhibits spatial dispersion due to the electrical thickness of its substrate while a TIBC does not. As a result of this spatial dispersion, a PCTIS can have the same surface impedance as a TIBC for a given transverse wave vector, but a different direction of power flow. The expressions for direction of power flow along a TIBC and a PCTIS are verified with a full-wave electromagnetic solver.
Enhancing Engineers Skills in EMC of Integrated Circuits (2011)

4 pages
Data-driven backward chaining (1991)

The C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS) cannot effectively perform sound and complete logical inference in most real-world contexts. The problem facing CLIPS is its lack of goal generation. Without automatic goal generation and maintenance, forward chaining can only deduce all instances of a relationship. Backward chaining, which requires goal generation, allows deduction of only that subset of what is logically true which is also relevant to ongoing problem solving. Goal generation can be mimicked in simple cases using forward chaining. However, such mimicry requires manual coding of additional rules which can assert an inadequate goal representation for every condition in every rule that can have corresponding facts derived by backward chaining. In general, for N rules with an average of M conditions per rule the number of goal generation rules required is on the order of N*M. This is clearly intractable from a program maintenance perspective. We describe the support in Eclipse for backward chaining which it automatically asserts as it checks rule conditions. Important characteristics of this extension are that it does not assert goals which cannot match any rule conditions, that 2 equivalent goals are never asserted, and that goals persist as long as, but no longer than, they remain relevant.
Reduction of the Natural Insensitive Time in G-M Counters (1944)

The limitation on the Geiger-M\"uller counter insensitive time which is imposed by the presence of the positive ion space charge has been reduced by collecting the positive ions on the counter center wire instead of at the outer cylinder. The electronic circuit which carries out this process is described in detail. A reduction by another order of magnitude in the insensitive time or an insensitive time of about 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ sec. is obtained with no indication that the limit of the new method has been reached. The general properties of an inverse counter are discussed. The mechanism of this mode of counter operation is explained with considerable evidence indicating the presence of three distinct ion collection regions for the negative center wire. A stable circuit useful as a research tool has been devised for use with a large variety of counters.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cephalosporin C by an Extracellular Acetylhydrolase of <i>Cephalosporium acremonium</i> (1976)

Extracellular hydrolases from Cephalosporium acremonium were analyzed according to their ability to deacetylate the beta-lactam antibiotic cephalosporin C. One out of at least six hydrolases exhibits appreciable cephalosporin C acetylhydrolase (CAH) activity. This enzyme was separated from other hydrolases and purified 220-fold. The purified CAH has a relatively low affinity for cephalosporin C (K(m), 20 mM) and is strongly inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and less markedly affected by fluoride. Addition of glucose, maltose, and sucrose to the culture broth suppresses CAH production, whereas glycerol and succinate have no effect. Verrucarin A prevented the enzyme from appearing in the medium, which indicates the necessity of protein synthesis for CAH formation. When 1-thio-d-glucose was added to the culture medium, the results suggested that this glucose analogue is able to inhibit CAH synthesis. Our data provide evidence for a regulation of CAH synthesis similar to the catabolite repression system in bacteria.
Healing of chronic cutaneous wounds by topical treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor. (2002)

Our results indicate that rbFGF could be used to accelerate healing in chronic wounds. It is our belief that this may be a more effective method of chronic wound management.