gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 1.5V four phase switched polarity charge pump (2009)

A four phase switched polarity charge pump using 0.13 mum triple well CMOS technology is presented. The architecture takes advantage of the threshold voltage cancellation scheme in the conventional four phase Dickson charge pump. With the body control technique, the body effect is eliminated. The charge transfer unit is shared in positive and negative operation, which makes the design more compact. Simulation results show that the proposed 5-stage charge pump can reach +8.22 V/-8.05 V (ideal: +9 V/-9 V) with 10% of total capacitance as estimated parastics, and the output indicates good linearity with respect to the increase of stages.
Activation of the precursor of gelatinase A/72 kda type IV collagenase/MMP‐2 in lung carcinomas correlates with the expression of membrane‐type matrix metalloproteinase (MT‐MMP) and with lymph node metastasis (1995)

We have identified a novel membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) expressed on the cell surface and inducing activation of pro-gelatinase A in vitro. In this study, we further examined the possibility that MT-MMP is the activator of pro-gelatinase A in tumors as well as in vitro. Expression of MT-MMP mRNA was analyzed by Northern blotting in 58 cases of human lung carcinomas. MT-MMP mRNA expression was increased in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. The ratio of MT-MMP mRNA levels in tumor/normal tissues (T/N ratio) was 3.19 +/- 1.62 in 29 cases of adenocarcinoma, 3.09 +/- 1.44 in 24 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 4.40 +/- 0.47 in 3 cases of large cell carcinoma and 3.63 +/- 2.11 in 2 cases of small cell carcinoma, respectively. Activated gelatinase A, as detected by gelatin zymography, was also predominant in tumors compared with normal tissue counterparts, though the difference in mRNA levels was not significant. The activation ratio of gelatinase A in tumor vs. normal tissues correlated well with that of MT-MMP mRNA expression and with lymph node metastases. Our findings suggest that MT-MMP is indeed the tumor-specific activator of pro-gelatinase A in lung carcinomas and is important to initiate invasion of basement membranes.
A New Chlorotic Mutant of Muskmelon (1988)

Abstract A mutant seedling with retarded growth and interveinal chlorosis of leaves characteristic of iron deficiency was discovered in a group of ‘Edisto’ muskmelon transplants. The seedling responded to supplemental Fe, suggesting that the mutant affects Fe uptake or use. The F 1 phenotypes from crosses of the mutant with ‘Edisto’ and ‘Mainstream’ were normal. F 2 , F 3 , and testcross data indicate that the chlorotic phenotype is controlled by a single recessive gene, which is not allelic or linked to virescent.
Performance Evaluation of NB-IoT Coverage (2016)

Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a new radio access technology, recently standardized in 3GPP to enable support for IoT devices. NB-IoT offers a range of flexible deployment options and provides improved coverage and support for a massive number of devices within a cell. In this paper, we provide a detailed evaluation of the coverage performance of NBIoT and show that it achieves a coverage enhancement of up to 20 dB when compared with existing LTE technology.
Changes in striatal and cortical amino acid and ammonia levels of rat brain after one hyperbaric oxygen-induced seizure. (1992)

Changes in amino acids (AA) and ammonia were investigated in the cerebral cortex and striatum of rats after the following conditions: 1) one hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)-induced seizure (6 ATA O2); 2) exposure to 6 ATA air; and 3) exposure to atmospheric pressure (no seizures in both latter groups). Exposure to 6 ATA air produced no change with respect to atmospheric pressure. After HBO seizure, AA levels (except for gamma-amino butyric acid, GABA, and glutamine), with respect to 6 ATA air levels, were altered in the striatum with a concomitant rise in ammonia (+70%) at variance with the cortex. These changes could be explained by increased oxidative deamination in the striatum. Decrease in taurine content (-66%) in the striatum, where HBO lipoperoxidation exists, suggests an alteration of glial function leading to blockade of uptake and loss of released products in interstitial fluid. This pattern of change recalls the one seen in ischemic conditions, but cannot be confirmed in the absence of measurements of extracellular amino acid levels under HBO conditions. The maintenance in the level of GABA would favor its role in controlling seizure. In the cortex, only a few AA levels decreased, along with a nonsignificant trend for ammonia to increase. The remaining abnormalities in the striatum, after the first HBO seizure, may explain the already known repetition of seizures in continuously exposed animals and are consistent with previous data on the important role of the striatum.
Quaternary Alloy Semiconductor Nanobelts with Bandgap Spanning the Entire Visible Spectrum (2009)

We used an improved cothermal evaporation route for the first time to achieve quaternary semiconductor nanostructured alloys, using an example of Zn(x)Cd(1-x)S(y)Se(1-y) nanobelts. The PL (bandgap) of these as-grown nanostructured alloys can be continuously tunable across the entire visible spectrum through experimentally controlling their compositions. Such widely controlled alloy nanostructures via composition/light emission provide a new material platform for applications in wavelength-tunable lasers, multicolor detectors, full-spectrum solar cells, LEDs, and color displays.
Antigen recognition properties of mutant V beta 3+ T cell receptors are consistent with an immunoglobulin-like structure for the receptor. (1993)

We examined the effect of mutations in the V beta portion of a pigeon cytochrome c (cyto c)-specific V beta 3+/V alpha 11+ T cell receptor on its ability to recognize cyto c/IEk and various superantigens. The results were consistent with an immunoglobulin-like structure for the receptor V beta domain and with separate interaction sites on V beta for conventional antigen and superantigens. An amino acid predicted to lie in CDR1 was critical for cyto c/IEk but not superantigen recognition, while several amino acids predicted to lie in the hypervariable region 4 loop were critical for superantigen but not cyto c/IEk recognition.
Experimental Investigation of the Interaction of Clays with High-pH Solutions: A Case Study From the Callovo-Oxfordian Formation, Meuse-Haute Marne Underground Laboratory (France) (2002)

Abstract The impact of alkaline solutions (pH = 13.2) on the clay mineralogy of the Callovo-Oxfordian formation hosting the French underground laboratory for nuclear waste disposal investigation (Meuse-Haute Marne site) has been studied experimentally. Initially, each of the four samples selected as representative of the mineralogical transition in this Callovo-Oxfordian formation consists of a mixture of three main clay phases: discrete illite, discrete smectite and a randomly interstratified mixed-layered mineral (MLM) containing ∼65% of non-expandable layers. Clay separates were altered in batch reactors at 60°C using high solution:solid ratios. The mineralogy of this clay fraction and solution chemistry were monitored as a function of reaction time. In addition, the interactions between organic matter and clay particles were investigated using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). The clay mineralogy is little affected even though the pH is still high after 1 y reaction time. The only significant mineralogical evolution is the partial dissolution of the discrete smectite component leading to the formation of a new randomly interstratified illite-expandable MLM. Additional mineralogical transformations lead, for one sample, to the dissolution of micro-crystalline quartz and, for another sample, to the crystallization of a tobermorite-like phase. The low reactivity of clay minerals may be attributed to the presence of organic matter in the samples. In their initial state, all outer surfaces of clay particles are indeed covered with organic matter. After 1 y reaction time, STXM studies showed the basal surfaces of clay particles to be devoid of organic matter, but their edges, which are the most reactive sites, were still protected.
Novel design procedure for microwave filters (1993)

In this paper a novel design procedure is described for the hardware implementation of microwave filters. The procedure is based on a very accurate and efficient software package for the full-wave simulation of the structure and consists of a step-by-step procedure that systematically leads to dimensioning of the complete filter geometry. Following the procedure described, each successive step only involves the dimensioning of a maximum of four physical parameters. As an illustrative example, the design of a nine pole non-uniform filter is discussed indicating how the procedure is indeed very efficient.
Janus Particles with Controllable Patchiness and Their Chemical Functionalization and Supramolecular Assembly (2009)

Seeing the right face: Mono- and bifunctionalized Janus particles with controllable chemical patchiness are prepared by a general masking/unmasking technique and subsequent chemical functionalization (see picture). Supramolecular “host”- and “guest”-functionalized Janus particles were prepared, and specific noncovalent host–guest interactions were used to controllably assemble heterogeneous particles. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Geology of Iztaccíhuatl Volcano and Adjacent Areas of The Sierra Nevada and Valley of Mexico (1989)

This Special Paper describes the geology and evolution of Iztaccíhuatl (5,286 m), a major Quaternary volcano in the central part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, and volcanic rocks, tephra, and epiclastic deposits in adjacent areas of the Sierra Nevada and Valley of Mexico.
《千年宣言》和《人民议程》 (2005)

在《人居议程》发表4年之后，《千年宣言》正式发表，该宣言是国际社会为解决目前最紧迫的发展问题所采取的行动的蓝图，相比之下《人居议程》中提出的对人居问题的一系列承诺则更为谨慎和基础。尽管上述两个文件在形式和内容上存在很大差异，但是在许多方面他们有很强的互补性。
Object tracking and hypermedia links creation in MPEG-2 digital video sequences (2002)

The work presented in this paper describes a tool for object tracking and notes insertion and information retrieval to be applied to MPEG-2 sequences. Maximum compliance with the MPEG standard is sought, in that the added information is transmitted as side information without affecting the actual video-audio stream that can be decoded by a standard MPEG-2 decoder. Additional processing is added to a standard encoder only with the scope to allow the automatic tracking of one object across a different Group of Pictures which would be otherwise unrelated. Results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of tracking objects with a good degree of precision for about 100 frames. Features are included to allow the identification of objects even after occlusions, provided that some (reasonable) restrictions are met.
NAPHTHALENE-INDUCED RESPIRATORY TRACT TOXICITY: METABOLIC MECHANISMS OF TOXICITY (2002)

The lung, which is in intimate contact with the external environment, is exposed to a number of toxicants both by virtue of its large surface area and because it receives 100% of the cardiac output. Lung diseases are a major disease entity in the U.S. population ranking third in terms of morbidity and mortality. Despite the importance of these diseases, key issues remain to be resolved regarding the interactions of chemicals with lung tissue and the factors that are critical determinants of chemical-induced lung injury. The importance of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase dependent metabolism in chemical-induced lung injury in animal models was established over 25 years ago with the furan, 4-ipomeanol. Since then, the significance of biotransformation and the reasons for the high degree of pulmonary selectivity for a myriad of different chemicals has been well documented, mainly in rodent models. However, with many of these chemicals there are substantial differences in the susceptibility of rats vs. mice. Even within the same species, varied levels of the respiratory tract respond differently. Thus, key pieces of data are still missing when evaluating the applicability of data generated in rodents to primates, and as a result of this, there are substantial uncertainties within the regulatory community with regards to assessing the risks to humans for exposure to some of these chemicals. For example, all of the available data suggest that the levels of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in rodent lungs are 10-100 times greater than those measured in the lungs of nonhuman primates or in man. At first glance, this suggests that a significant margin of safety exists when evaluating the applicability of rodent studies in the human, but the issues are more complex. The intent of this review is to outline some of the work conducted on the site and species selective toxicity and metabolism of the volatile lung toxic aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene. We argue that a complete understanding of the cellular and biochemical mechanisms by which this and other lung toxic compounds generate their effects in rodent models with subsequent measurement of these cellular and biochemical events in primate and human tissues in vitro will provide a far better basis for judging whether the results of studies done in rodent models are applicable to humans.
Integrated LAMP and immunoassay platform for diarrheal disease detection (2018)

The challenges of diagnosing infectious disease, especially in the developing world, and the shortcomings of available instrumentation have exposed the need for portable, easy-to-use diagnostic tools capable of detecting the wide range of causative microbes while operating in low resource settings. We present a centrifugal microfluidic platform that combines ultrasensitive immunoassay and isothermal amplification-based screening for the orthogonal detection of both protein and nucleic acid targets at the point-of-care. A disposable disc with automatic aliquoting inlets is paired with a non-contact heating system and precise rotary control system to yield an easy-to-use, field-deployable platform with versatile screening capabilities. The detection of three enterotoxins (cholera toxin, Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, and Shiga-like toxin 1) and three enteric bacteria (C. jejuni, E. coli, and S. typhimurium) were performed independently and shown to be highly sensitive (limit of detection = 1.35-5.50 ng/mL for immunoassays and 1-30 cells for isothermal amplification), highly exclusive in the presence of non-specific targets, and capable of handling a complex sample matrix like stool. The full panel of toxins and bacteria were reliably detected simultaneously on a single disc at clinically relevant sample concentrations in less than an hour. The ability of our technology to detect multiple analyte types in parallel at the point-of-care can serve a variety of needs, from routine patient care to outbreak triage, in a variety of settings to reduce disease impact and expedite effective treatment.
Mammalian Cell-Seeded Hydrogel Microarrays Printed Via Dip-Pin Technology (2008)

Although significant advances have been made in the development of DNA and protein microarrays, less effort has been put toward developing mammalian cell microarrays. Such cellular microarrays may be useful in examining the effects of biological or chemical agents on cells, particularly in drug development and toxicological applications. Here, mammalian cell-seeded hydrogel microarrays were created using two different commercial microarrayers, with four different pin types. Human dermal fibroblasts were used here as a model cell type, seeded within polyethylene glycol-based hydrogels similar to those under investigation as tissue engineering scaffolds, which serve as synthetic extracellular matrices for the cells. Spot sizes of the hydrogels were found to vary with pin type. Multiple touches on a slide following a single dip in the reservoir print solution led to decreasing spot size with each touch; therefore, subsequent microarrays were printed with single touches after a dip. Individual pins of the same type and tip diameter had significantly different spot sizes, likely due to wear of the pins at the tip. However there was high run-to-run reproducibility between subsequent microarrays. Cell viability varied with pin type, and the number of cells per spot varied with cell density in the print solution, as expected.
Rate scalable video compression based on flexible block wavelet coding technique (2002)

Rate scalable video compression techniques are very attractive, because they are able to encode the video in embedded way that makes the decoding process more flexible to the bandwidth changes. Embedded wavelet coding technology plays an important role in this area. Traditional wavelet transforms are globally optimized. It is very efficient to code the natural images where sudden transitions rarely exist. On the other hand, video compression mostly deals with the differences between adjacent frames, also known as delta frames. Unfortunately, commonly used wavelet transforms are not so efficient on delta frame coding. We present a new wavelet coding technique - flexible block wavelet coding (FBWC). It is specially designed for delta frame compression. FBWC not only makes delta frame compression more efficient but also keeps the rate scalability of wavelet based rate scalable video compression techniques, and other scalabilities as well. Based on this new delta frame compression technique, we implement a highly efficient rate scalable video codec. Its overall performance surpasses the video codec based on SPIHT and is comparable to that of H.263.
Synthesis of Silica Hollow Nanoparticles Templated by Polymeric Micelle with Core−Shell−Corona Structure (2007)

The micelle of an ABC triblock copolymer having a core−shell−corona architecture was used as a template for the fabrication of a hollow silica nanosphere. Silica was deposited on a poly(styrene-b-2-vinyl pyridine-b-ethylene oxide) (PS−PVP−PEO) micelle by the sol−gel method. At pH 4, the PVP block of the PS−PVP−PEO acts as an acid catalyst site for the hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), while the PEO block of the micelle shows a weak interaction with the silanol groups of the inorganic polymer. Therefore, silica networks were mostly grown on the PVP block of the PS−PVP−PEO micelle in comparison to the PEO block. Hollow silica has almost the same diameter as that of the PS core of the PS−PVP−PEO neat micelle, and the thickness of the silica shell wall can be controlled by changing the relative concentration of TMOS with respect to the PVP block length of the micelle.
Progress in WSI SRAM development (2002)

Inova has developed a one megabit monolithic static RAM which contains over five million transistors and occupies a die area of approximately 320 square mm. This product has been in production since March, 1988, is fully 883C compliant, is the largest monolithic production memory in the world today, and has demonstrated wafer yields as high as 100%. The product exists in both *8 and *16 organizations, and is fabricated on a 1.2 mu P-well CMOS process. Current delivery rates are tens of thousands of devices per month. This paper reviews Inroute technology, the present state of the existing product, the Inroute yield model, current yield information on the Inova 1 M SRAM and an experimental monolithic eight megabit SRAM being developed jointly by INOVA and Westinghouse to explore the yield and packaging aspects of large area devices for use in military systems. The design combines the INOVA commercial one megabit SRAM, and the Westinghouse volumetrically efficient dual composite packaging approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cell membrane-binding properties of group A streptococcal lipoteichoic acid. (1975)

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was extracted from group A streptococci, previously treated with hot HCl, by the phenol method. The extracted LTA was loaded on an isoelectric (IE) focusing column and two fractions were collected; one at pH 4.65 and the other at pH 2.95. Chemical analysis demonstrated that the unfractionated LTA contained alanine and glycerolphosphate at molar ratio of 1:10, and ester-linked lipids, but no detectable sugars or amino-sugars. The two IE fractions contained lipids but lacked alanine. The LTA and its IE fractions spontaneously adsorbed to human erythrocytes (sensitization) causing them to agglutinate in the presence of rabbit anti-LTA. The RBC-sensitizing and antigenic activities of IE fractions were equal to, or greater (for IE fraction at pH 4.65) than the unfractionated LTA, indicating that alanine is not involved in the sensitizing activity of LTA. Mild ammonia-hydrolysis abolished the RBC-sensitizing activity of LTA and its IE fractions. Chloroform-methanol-soluble material of the ammonia-hydrolysate lacked antigenic activity but blocked sensitization of erythrocytes by LTA. The water-soluble material of the hydrolyzed LTA retained antigenic activity, was not able to block sensitization by LTA, and its sensitizing activity was restored after esterification with fatty acids. These experiments indicate that ester-linked fatty acids (palmitic acid being the major one) are involved in the spontaneous adsorption of LTA to erythrocytes. The LTA, its lipid moiety, and anti-LTA blocked adherence of group A streptococci to human epithelial cells, suggesting that small amounts of LTA may reside on the streptococcal surface to mediate attachment and colonization of these organisms on mucosal surfaces in vivo.
Nondestructive testing and evaluation for manufacturing and construction (1990)

This book reports on advances in nondestructive testing and evaluation methods. These advances are manifested by the development of new methods and sophisticated mathematical models. The driving force behind these activities has been, and continues to be, the need to nondestructively evaluate and characterize newly engineered materials, as well as to accurately predict the fitness for service and the remaining useful life of a component or structural system. This rapid pace of development is largely due to interdisciplinary nature of this field, (including physics, material sciences, applied mechanics, and computer sciences), and to the opportunities provided by the extensive advances in computer hardware and software. Nondestructive testing and evaluation methods already have wide application in manufacturing, such as in the aerospace industry. Application of these methods is also beginning to develop in the construction industry.