gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concept definition study for an extremely large aerophysics range facility (1992)

A conceptual design of a very large aeroballistic range is presented, as are its operational characteristics and procedures. The proposed model launcher is a two-stage light-gas gun, having a launch tube diameter of 254 mm, and the capability of accelerating a 14 kg launch mass to 6.1 km/sec. The gun's 91.4 cm diameter piston is driven by pressurized helium. High pressures in the central breech are contained by a multiple disk arrangement. The blast tank and sabot separation tank are described, as are methods for arresting sabot segments. The conceptual design of the range itself includes a 3.3 m diameter test or flight chamber some 330 m in length. Provisions are made for testing of free flight models and tests in which the model is confined by a track system. Methods for model deceleration and recovery are described. Provisions required for future addition of advanced model launchers such as an electromagnetic launcher or ram accelerator are addressed. Siting and safety issues are also addressed.
Tainted Milk: What Kind of Justice for Victims' Families in China (2010)

The Chinese government's reaction to the fallout from the 2008-2009 tainted milk scandal paints a vivid picture of modem Chinese legal culture and the development of the rule of law. Quick to institute criminal prosecutions but barring affected families from bringing civil suits, the government continues to maintain a firm grip on the courts, preferring to resolve disputes through mediation and settlement. Meanwhile, the Sanlu case marks a turning point in dispute resolution in China, testing the limits of access to justice for private litigants who bring tort law claims in Chinese courts. As China becomes a major global economic player, the government's capacity to regulate product quality and food safety will face increased scrutiny.\nThis note argues that giving private plaintiffs access to courts will provide an outlet for their voices to be heard, result in greater justice to victims and accountability for wrongdoers, and shift the incentive structure to induce manufacturers to self-regulate their product quality standards.
Binding of nonspecific cross-reacting antigen, a granulocyte membrane glycoprotein, to Escherichia coli expressing type 1 fimbriae (1991)

Nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) is a well-characterized membrane glycoprotein on granulocytes, macrophages, and lung epithelium. Structural studies at the protein and genomic levels have revealed that NCA is a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family, and hybridization studies showed that the transcript level of NCA is induced by treatment with gamma interferon. These studies, as well as the expression of NCA on granulocytes, suggest a role for NCA in immune response. For a first step in studying this possible role, we have examined the binding of two glycoforms of NCA designated NCA-50 (Mr, 50,000) and TEX-75 (Mr, 75,000). Here we report the results from binding assays which demonstrate carbohydrate-mediated binding of Escherichia coli expressing type 1 fimbriae and of isolated type 1 fimbriae to NCA-50. TEX-75 did not bind to the purified fimbriae but bound slightly to the bacterial strain. Inhibition studies showed that the binding to NCA-50 involved interaction of mannose moieties on NCA-50 and lectins on the fimbriae. The binding of NCA-50 to bacterial fimbriae was confirmed by electron microscopy studies, using immunolabeling techniques. In addition, we show that the surface expression of NCA-50 (and presumably of other NCA species) on isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes is increased following activation with the bacterial peptide formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, consistent with a role for NCA in immune response.
De novo synthesis of protein phosphatase 1A, magnesium dependent, alpha isoform (PPM1A) during oocyte maturation (2012)

Oocyte maturation in mammals is a multiple-stage process that generates fertilizable oocytes. Ovarian oocytes are arrested at prophase of the first meiotic division characterized by the presence of a germinal vesicle. Towards ovulation, the oocytes resume meiosis and proceed to the second metaphase in a process known as maturation; they undergo nuclear and cytoplasmic changes that are accompanied by translation and degradation of mRNA. Protein phosphatase 1A, magnesium dependent, alpha isoform (PPM1A), which belongs to the metal-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase family, is highly conserved during evolution. PPM1A plays a significant role in many cellular functions such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cellular differentiation. It works through diverse signaling pathways, including p38 MAP kinase JNK and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Herein we report that PPM1A is expressed in mouse oocytes and that its mRNA level rises during oocyte maturation. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analysis, we found that PPM1A mRNA is synthesized at the beginning of the maturation process and remains elevated in the mature oocytes, promoting the accumulation of PPM1A protein. Since PPM1A function is mainly affected by its level, we propose that it might have an important role in oocyte maturation.
Method for the mechanical characterization of poroelastic materials (2000)

The closed cells trapped in the materials can burst and change the properties of the material. Techniques based on static or dynamic measurements with compression, shear or torsion tests are performed to characterize the elastic properties. The influence of boundaries conditions is analyzed and a measurement method for the three elastic parameters is derived. The measured transfer function can be correlated to the shape factor of the test specimen. The numerical simulations are found to be in good agreement with the measured sound absorption coefficient.
Video analysis of gait for diagnosing movement disorders (2000)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Structure and Function of Hexameric Helicases (2000)

Helicases are motor proteins that couple the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphate (NTPase) to nucleic acid unwinding. The hexameric helicases have a characteristic ring-shaped structure, and all, except the eukaryotic minichromosomal maintenance (MCM) helicase, are homohexamers. Most of the 12 known hexameric helicases play a role in DNA replication, recombination, and transcription. A human genetic disorder, Bloom's syndrome, is associated with a defect in one member of the class of hexameric helicases. Significant progress has been made in understanding the biochemical properties, structures, and interactions of these helicases with DNA and nucleotides. Cooperativity in nucleotide binding was observed in many, and sequential NTPase catalysis has been observed in two proteins, gp4 of bacteriophage T7 and rho of Escherichia coli. The crystal structures of the oligomeric T7 gp4 helicase and the hexamer of RepA helicase show structural features that substantiate the observed cooperativity, and both are consistent with nucleotide binding at the subunit interface. Models are presented that show how sequential NTP hydrolysis can lead to unidirectional and processive translocation. Possible unwinding mechanisms based on the DNA exclusion model are proposed here, termed the wedge, torsional, and helix-destabilizing models.
Interleukin Enhancer-binding Factor 3/NF110 Is a Target of YM155, a Suppressant of Survivin (2012)

Survivin is responsible for cancer progression and drug resistance in many types of cancer. YM155 selectively suppresses the expression of survivin and induces apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism underlying these effects of YM155 is unknown. Here, we show that a transcription factor, interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 (ILF3)/NF110, is a direct binding target of YM155. The enhanced survivin promoter activity by overexpression of ILF3/NF110 was attenuated by YM155 in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that ILF3/NF110 is the physiological target through which YM155 mediates survivin suppression. The results also show that the unique C-terminal region of ILF3/NF110 is important for promoting survivin expression and for high affinity binding to YM155.
Terminal Radio‐Frequency Design Challenges (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Transmitter Chain System Design Challenges Receiver Chain Design Challenges Multi-Mode/Band Challenges Conclusions References
Chemoresistant KM12C Colon Cancer Cells Are Addicted to Low Cyclic AMP Levels in a Phosphodiesterase 4–Regulated Compartment via Effects on Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (2007)

One of the major problems in treating colon cancer is chemoresistance to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. There is therefore a need to devise new strategies to inhibit colon cancer cell growth and survival. Here, we show that a combination of low doses of the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin together with the specific cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor rolipram, but not the cAMP phosphodiesterase-3 (PDE3) inhibitor cilostamide, causes profound growth arrest of chemoresistant KM12C colon cancer cells. Low-dose forskolin causes KM12C cells to exit the cell cycle in G1 by inducing p27(Kip1) and primes cells for apoptosis on addition of rolipram. The effect of the low-dose forskolin/rolipram combination is mediated by displacement of the phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate/phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling module from the plasma membrane and suppression of the Akt/protein kinase-B oncogene pathway, to which KM12C cells are addicted for growth. The cAMP and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways form a critical intersection in this response, and reexpression of the tumor suppressor lipid phosphatase, phosphatase and tensin homologue, which is commonly lost or mutated in colon cancer, sensitizes KM12C cells to growth inhibition by challenge with low-dose forskolin. Certain chemoresistant colon cancer cells are therefore exquisitely sensitive to subtle elevation of cAMP by a synergistic low-dose adenylyl cyclase activator/PDE4 inhibitor combination. Indeed, these cells are addicted to maintenance of low cAMP concentrations in a compartment that is regulated by PDE4. Well-tolerated doses of PDE4 inhibitors that are already in clinical development for other therapeutic indications may provide an exciting new strategy for the treatment of colon cancer.
Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Pink Tomatoes: Deregulated Expression of the Gene Encoding Transcription Factor SlMYB12 Leads to Pink Tomato Fruit Color (2009)

The color of tomato fruit is mainly determined by carotenoids and flavonoids. Phenotypic analysis of an introgression line (IL) population derived from a cross between Solanum lycopersicum 'Moneyberg' and the wild species Solanum chmielewskii revealed three ILs with a pink fruit color. These lines had a homozygous S. chmielewskii introgression on the short arm of chromosome 1, consistent with the position of the y (yellow) mutation known to result in colorless epidermis, and hence pink-colored fruit, when combined with a red flesh. Metabolic analysis showed that pink fruit lack the ripening-dependent accumulation of the yellow-colored flavonoid naringenin chalcone in the fruit peel, while carotenoid levels are not affected. The expression of all genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes involved in the production of the flavonol rutin from naringenin chalcone was down-regulated in pink fruit, suggesting that the candidate gene underlying the pink phenotype encodes a regulatory protein such as a transcription factor rather than a biosynthetic enzyme. Of 26 MYB and basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors putatively involved in regulating transcription of genes in the phenylpropanoid and/or flavonoid pathway, only the expression level of the MYB12 gene correlated well with the decrease in the expression of structural flavonoid genes in peel samples of pink- and red-fruited genotypes during ripening. Genetic mapping and segregation analysis showed that MYB12 is located on chromosome 1 and segregates perfectly with the characteristic pink fruit color. Virus-induced gene silencing of SlMYB12 resulted in a decrease in the accumulation of naringenin chalcone, a phenotype consistent with the pink-colored tomato fruit of IL1b. In conclusion, biochemical and molecular data, gene mapping, segregation analysis, and virus-induced gene silencing experiments demonstrate that the MYB12 transcription factor plays an important role in regulating the flavonoid pathway in tomato fruit and suggest strongly that SlMYB12 is a likely candidate for the y mutation.
Flight Time Estimation for Continuous Surveillance Missions Using a Multirotor UAV (2019)

To achieve the continuous surveillance capable multirotor type solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), we develop the photovoltaic power management system (PPMS) which manages power from photovoltaic (PV) modules and a battery pack to support the power of the UAV. To estimate the possible flight time of the UAV, we use the concept of state of charge (SOC) estimation based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and complementary filter (CF) and then calculate the possible flight time by using the slope of the SOC graph during hovering flight mode. According to the results, estimated flight time increases up to 54.14 min at 11:00 a.m. and decreases down to 6.70 min at 18:00 p.m.
Random Particle Model for Fracture of Aggregate or Fiber Composites (1990)

A particle model for brittle aggregate composite materials such as concretes, rocks, or ceramics is presented. The model is also applicable to the behavior of unidirectionally reinforced fiber composites in the transverse plane. A method of random computer generation of the particle system meeting the prescribed particle size distribution is developed. The particles are assumed to be elastic and have only axial interactions, as in a truss. The interparticle contact layers of the matrix are described by a softening stress‐strain relation corresponding to a prescribed microscopic interparticle fracture energy. Both two‐ and three‐dimensional versions of the model are easy to program, but the latter poses, at present, forbidding demands for computer time. The model is shown to simulate realistically the spread of cracking and its localization. Furthermore, the model exhibits a size effect on: (1) The nominal strength, agreeing with the previously proposed size effect law; and (2) the slope of the post‐peak load‐deflection diagrams of specimens of different sizes. For direct tensile specimens, the model predicts development of asymmetric response after the peak load.
Large-aperture discharges in E-beam sustained CO/sub 2/ amplifiers (1977)

The very large energy fluxes required for the attainment of scientific breakeven in laser-fusion experiments can only be obtained by the construction of multiple-beam, large-aperture lasers. Accordingly, the next generation CO/sub 2/ laser currently being designed at LASL consists of six electron-beam sustained amplifier modules, each module containing 12 large-aperture (approximately 30 x 30 cm) laser discharges sustained by (and surrounding) a single, cylindrical cold-cathode electron gun. The large scale and cylindrical geometry combine to generate substantial electric and magnetic field effects which can affect the uniformity of the electron-beam distribution, causing a number of difficulties including discharge and gain nonuniformities and potential arcing. In an effort to learn the magnitude of the associated difficulties and test various solutions for reducing the effects, a prototype module was constructed. This prototype was constructed full scale in the dimensions which will produce the discharge nonuniformities and measurements were made of the electron beam uniformity, discharge uniformity, and gain uniformity under a wide range of experimental conditions. These results indicate that under worse case conditions and nonuniformities, while severe, are within acceptable limits and can be reduced even further by minor design changes. Perhaps more importantly, calculational models have been developed which agree adequately enough with the data so that they can be used with reasonable confidence as a data base for predicting the performance of the final design of the amplifier modules and the effects of any changes which may be required.
Personalized prediction of antidepressant v. placebo response: evidence from the EMBARC study (2018)

A subset of MDD patients optimally suited to sertraline can be identified on the basis of pre-treatment characteristics. This model must be tested prospectively before it can be used to inform treatment selection. However, findings demonstrate the potential to improve individual outcomes through algorithm-guided treatment recommendations.
Data Migration Using Active Cloud Engine (2012)

Information being the key advantage in today's world, its growth rate and amount requires big data analysis, which is key challenge. Collection and retention of such collected data results in massive growth, which sets the need for infrastructure expansion, replacement and proper disposition of existing data. This important data should not be scrapped or forgotten; instead it should be messaged and tailored for the new system, leading into the world of Data Migration. Organizations are looking for cloud based storage solution which relies on having a highly efficient storage infrastructure in place to support rapid large-scale operations, without losing access to any data. That is where IBM Active Cloud Engine (ACE) [10] comes into picture, which enhances the process of Data Migration by caching the world-wide data and making it available locally, with zero downtime.
Effect of Neurofeedback on Motor Recovery of a Patient with Brain Injury: A Case Study and Its Implications for Stroke Rehabilitation (2001)

This case study showed the effect of neurofeedback (NFB) training in a patient with a brain tumor and co-existing traumatic brain injury. The patient received 40 sessions of NFB intervention. Tests and videotaped recordings evaluated pre- and post-NFB intervention. This study demonstrated minimal to significant improvements in several functional tasks. The conclusion is that the use of NFB for a person with a head injury and brain tumor can be generalized to be used with stroke survivors.
Respiratory Pigments Overview (1980)

Respiratory proteins process the materials involved in aerobic respiration; e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, protons and electrons. There are two basic types, the gas transporters (hemoglobins, myoglobin, hemerythrin, etc.), and electron transporters (cytochromes). Why are these proteins of interest? Perhaps it bears repeating that the electron transporting proteins act at the base of the pyramid of all of biology in the stepwise process which generates ATP from ADP and high energy compounds. Complementing these are the transporters of oxygen. Without them, the electron transport chain in oxygen-poor tissues would stop for lack of a terminal electron acceptor, and large multicellular organisms could not exist in their present form.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in a Chromophore–Catalyst Assembly Anchored to TiO<sub>2</sub> (2012)

Photoinduced formation, separation, and buildup of multiple redox equivalents are an integral part of cycles for producing solar fuels in dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells (DSPECs). Excitation wavelength-dependent electron injection, intra-assembly electron transfer, and pH-dependent back electron transfer on TiO(2) were investigated for the molecular assembly [((PO(3)H(2)-CH(2))-bpy)(2)Ru(a)(bpy-NH-CO-trpy)Ru(b)(bpy)(OH(2))](4+) ([TiO(2)-Ru(a)(II)-Ru(b)(II)-OH(2)](4+); ((PO(3)H(2)-CH(2))(2)-bpy = ([2,2'-bipyridine]-4,4'-diylbis(methylene))diphosphonic acid); bpy-ph-NH-CO-trpy = 4-([2,2':6',2″-terpyridin]-4'-yl)-N-((4'-methyl-[2,2'-bipyridin]-4-yl)methyl) benzamide); bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). This assembly combines a light-harvesting chromophore and a water oxidation catalyst linked by a synthetically flexible saturated bridge designed to enable long-lived charge-separated states. Following excitation of the chromophore, rapid electron injection into TiO(2) and intra-assembly electron transfer occur on the subnanosecond time scale followed by microsecond-millisecond back electron transfer from the semiconductor to the oxidized catalyst, [TiO(2)(e(-))-Ru(a)(II)-Ru(b)(III)-OH(2)](4+)→[TiO(2)-Ru(a)(II)-Ru(b)(II)-OH(2)](4+).
From Copenhagen to Cancún to Durban: Moving Deckchairs on the Climate Titanic (2011)

It was 4am on December 11, 2010, in balmy Cancun, that ultra-protected, unsustainable bubble of hedonism in a sea of Mexican poverty. Champagne corks popped, and the victory of enlightened humanity...
High-Performance Polymeric Materials (1987)

Abstract : A variety of theoretical methods were used to elucidate the structure and properties of rigid rodlike polymer chains which are of interest as high-performance polymeric materials. Semi-empirical molecular mechanics methods were used to calculate the intramolecular and intermolecular energies pertinent to conformational flexibility and chain packing effects. Also, geometry optimized CNDO/2 molecular orbital calculations were carried out to investigate the structure and conformational characteristics of the rodlike polymers, in both the unprotonated and protonated states. Electronic band gap calculations within the extended Huckel approximation were carried out to elucidate the packing and electronic properties of these chains in the crystalline state. Keywords: Rodlike polymers, Aromatic heterocyclic polymers, Conformational energies, Intermolecular interactions, Polybenzobisoxazoles, Polybenzobisthiazoles, Chain flexibility, Chain packing, Electrical conductivity, Ceramic particles, Elastomer reinforcement.
Alkyl and Alkoxyethyl Antineoplastic Phospholipids (1996)

Two series of phosphodiester ether lipid analogs with (N-methylmorpholino)ethyl or (N-methylpiperidino)ethyl polar head groups and long aliphatic or alkoxyethyl chains in the nonpolar portion of the molecule were synthesized as potential antineoplastic agents. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds (9-19) was evaluated in vitro against a panel of six human tumor xenografts and in two biochemical, mechanism-based screens (cdc2 kinase and cdc25 phosphatase). Analogs 13, 14, 17, and 19 showed activity in the in vitro tests. Specifically, 14 and 17 were more active than the reference compound hexadecylphosphocholine (Miltefosine, He-PC) while 13 and 19 possessed activity similar to that of the control. Of the analogs tested the one with the highest potency and least toxicity (17) has an N-methylpiperidino head group and a C16 alkyl chain. In the mechanism-based tests 11 showed weak inhibitory activity in the cdc25 phosphatase screen.