gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Varieties of Concurrency Control in IMS/VS Fast Path. (1985)

Di-tert-butyltin oxide, ((t)Bu(2)SnO)(3), reacts with R(2)SnCl(2) to give mixed distannoxanes [(t)Bu(2)(Cl)SnOSn(Cl)R(2)](2) (1, R = Me; 2, R = Et; 3, R = (i)Pr; 4, (n)Bu) whereas di-tert-butyltin hydroxide chloride, [(t)Bu(2)Sn(OH)Cl](2), reacts with [(n)Bu(2)SnO](n) to give the chlorohydroxydistannoxane [(t)Bu(2)(OH)SnOSn(Cl)(n)Bu(2)](2), 5; the dimeric nature of these tetraorganodistannoxanes was confirmed by crystal structure determinations of 1 and 4. Although stable in the solid state, compounds 1-4 rearrange to give a number of distannoxanes in solution. Addition of R(2)SnCl(2) (R = Me, (i)Pr, (n)Bu) to solutions of 1, 3, and 4, respectively, causes displacement of (t)Bu(2)SnCl(2) with concomitant formation of [((t)Bu(2)SnCl(2))(R(2)SnO)(2)(R(2)SnCl(2))] and [(R(2)SnCl(2))(R(2)SnO)(2)(R(2)SnCl(2))]. Thus 1-4 can be regarded as (R(2)SnO)(2) units which are stabilized by two (t)Bu(2)SnCl(2) molecules. NMR data indicate that reaction between ((t)Bu(2)SnO)(3) and (t)Bu(2)SnCl(2) gives rise to an equilibrium involving linear [(t)Bu(2)Sn(Cl)OSn(Cl)(t)Bu(2)] and the novel three-quarter ladder compound [(t)Bu(2)SnCl(2)][(t)Bu(2)SnO](2). Formation of trinuclear tin species is also evident from electrospray mass spectrometric studies.
Resistance of small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans to proteolytic degradation during interleukin-1-stimulated cartilage catabolism (1999)

A bovine nasal-cartilage culture system has been utilized to analyse the catabolic events occurring in response to interleukin-1beta over a 14-day period. An early event following the start of interleukin-1 treatment was the release of glycosaminoglycan into the culture medium. This release was accompanied by the appearance in the tissue, and shortly thereafter also in the culture media, of a globular domain (G1)-containing aggrecan degradation product generated by the action of aggrecanase. Link protein was also released from the cartilage with a similar timeframe to that of the G1 fragment, although there was no evidence of its proteolytic degradation. By comparison with aggrecan, the small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans decorin, biglycan and lumican showed a resistance to both proteolytic cleavage and release throughout the culture period. In contrast, fibromodulin exhibited a marked decrease in size after day 4, presumably due to proteolytic modification, but the major degradation product was retained throughout the culture period. Also in contrast with the early changes in the components of the proteoglycan aggregate, type II collagen did not display signs of extensive degradation until much later in the culture period. Collagen degradation products compatible with collagenase action first appeared in the medium by day 10 and increased thereafter. These data demonstrate that the leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans are resistant to proteolytic action during interleukin-1-stimulated cartilage catabolism, compared with aggrecan. This resistance and continued interaction with the surface of the collagen fibrils may help to stabilize the collagen fibrillar network and protect it from extensive proteolytic attack during the early phases of cartilage degeneration.
A Three-Dimensional Automatic Mesh Generation System Using Shape Recognition Technique. (1993)

This paper describes the development of a three-dimensional automatic FEM (Finite Element Method) mesh generation system using the shape recognition technique. In this system a solid model is analyzed, and cubes are put together to construct a similar model to it in human thinking way, which is expressed by membership functions defined in fuzzy set theory. Then, hexahedral meshes are generated by mapping cubes into the solid model. The major advantages are described as follows. (1) A solid model is divided into only hexahedral meshes by single input data, that is mesh size. (2) It takes only about five minutes to divide a solid model into thousands of hexahedral meshes using an engineering work station. Hence, the system can be applied for practical use. The performance of the system is demonstrated through automatic mesh generation for some mechanical parts.
An adaptive phase equalizer for reducing timing jitter due to acoustic effect (2002)

The main source of errors for solitons when propagating in optical fibers is the timing jitter. The acoustic effect, unlike other sources of timing jitter such as the Gordon-Haus effect and the polarization effect that are stochastic in nature, is deterministic and is a source of intersymbol interference (ISI). We introduce an adaptive phase equalizer to compensate for the acoustically induced timing jitter (AITJ). We show that the equalizer can be trained in a "semi-blind" fashion by controlling the probability of "1"s in the transmitted sequence and can successfully decrease the AITJ. We demonstrate application of the scheme by simulations and discuss implementation issues.
Photo-Cross-Linkable PNIPAAm Copolymers. 2. Effects of Constraint on Temperature and pH-Responsive Hydrogel Layers (2002)

Photo-cross-linkable co- and terpolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide, 2-(dimethylmaleimido)-N-ethyl-acrylamide as the photosensitive component, and 3-acryloylaminopropionic acid or N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)acrylamide as ionizable comonomers were prepared by free radical polymerization. Aqueous solutions of the linear un-cross-linked co- and terpolymers showed lower critical solution temperature behavior. The phase transition temperature, which was detected by differential scanning calorimetry, ranged from 23.1 to 39.2 °C depending on the pH of the solution and the composition of the polymer. Surface plasmon resonance and optical waveguide spectroscopy were used to obtain information about the swelling behavior of hydrogel films of the photo-cross-linked polymers, giving a measurement of film thickness and refractive index. The transition temperatures of the cross-linked polymer gels showed similar trends to those of the corresponding linear polymers in solution, and the gels were shown to be both temperature- and pH-responsive, with the transition temperature ranging from 25.3 to 44.9 °C for films having a 200 nm dry film thickness. However, the swelling behavior of the cross-linked gels was found to vary as a function of dry film thickness, and three samples were selected for a more detailed study of how film thickness affects the transition temperature and swelling ratio of hydrogel films. Dry film thicknesses ranged from 9 nm to 2.3 μm, and the swelling behavior of the films fell into two distinct regimes separated by a critical thickness, which ranged from 280 to 500 nm. In the thin-film regime, the transition temperature of the films was independent of film thickness, but the refractive index of the films in the collapsed state decreased as film thickness decreased, indicating that these films are not able to fully collapse. In the thick-film regime, the swelling ratio of the films was independent of film thickness, but the transition temperature decreased as much as 2.6 °C as the film thickness increased. This was explained by the constraint imposed on the film by the presence of a fixed substrate, with the length scale of this constraint related to the critical thickness. In these films, the ionizable comonomers were found to have little effect on the swelling ratio, which is determined primarily by cross-linking density in the swollen state and by film thickness in the collapsed state.
Concurrent NetCore (2014)

In a Software-Defined Network (SDN), a central, computationally powerful controller manages a set of distributed, computationally simple switches . The controller computes a policy describing how each switch should route packets and populates packet-processing tables on each switch with rules to enact the routing policy. As network conditions change, the controller continues to add and remove rules from switches to adjust the policy as needed. Recently, the SDN landscape has begun to change as several proposals for new, reconfigurable switching architectures, such as RMT [5] and FlexPipe [14] have emerged. These platforms provide switch programmers with many, flexible tables for storing packet-processing rules, and they offer programmers control over the packet fields that each table can analyze and act on. These reconfigurable switch architectures support a richer SDN model in which a switch configuration phase precedes the rule population phase [4]. In the configuration phase, the controller sends the switch a graph describing the layout and capabilities of the packet processing tables it will require during the population phase. Armed with this foreknowledge, the switch can allocate its hardware (or software) resources more efficiently. We present a new, typed language, called Concurrent NetCore, for specifying routing policies and graphs of packet-processing tables. Concurrent NetCore includes features for specifying sequential, conditional and concurrent control-flow between packet-processing tables. We develop a fine-grained operational model for the language and prove this model coincides with a higher-level denotational model when programs are well-typed. We also prove several additional properties of well-typed programs, including strong normalization and determinism. To illustrate the utility of the language, we develop linguistic models of both the RMT and FlexPipe architectures and we give a multi-pass compilation algorithm that translates graphs and routing policies to the RMT model.
Vector-based elastic reverse time migration (2015)

ABSTRACT Prestack elastic reverse time migration (RTM) of multicomponent seismic data requires separating PP and PS reflections before, or as part of, applying the image condition, and using image conditions that preserve the angle and amplitude information. Both of these requirements are best achieved when all operations are on vectors. We have created a new 2D migration context for isotropic, elastic RTM, which included decomposition of the elastic source and receiver wavefields into P- and S-wave vectors by decoupled elastodynamic extrapolation, which retained the same stress and particle velocity components as the input data. Then, the propagation directions of the incident and reflected P- and S-waves were calculated directly from the stress and particle velocity definitions of the P- and S-wave Poynting vectors. An excitation-amplitude image condition that scaled the receiver wavelet by the source vector magnitude produced angle-dependent images of PP and PS reflection coefficients with the correct polarities, polarization, and amplitudes. It thus simplified the process of obtaining PP and PS angle-domain common-image gathers (ADCIGs); it was less effort to generate ADCIGs from vector data than from scalar data. We found that the resulting prestack elastic images were nearly identical to the corresponding source-normalized crosscorrelation images and had improved resolution because the wavelet broadening that resulted from the crosscorrelation was not present.
Simplified optical-fibre breaking machine (1975)

A machine has been designed and constructed to prepare the ends of optical fibres prior to jointing. It is intended to be simple in operation, while maintaining accurately controlled breaking conditions to ensure that mirror-finished fibre ends are made with complete reliability.
Microfluidic Valves Comprising Nanolayered Thermoresponsive Polymer‐Grafted Capillaries (2005)

Thermally regulated flow control using a thermoresponsive polymer grafted onto surfaces of capillary lumen facilitates rapid, reliable, and repeatable open–close cycles (see Figure). Hydration of the grafted polymer chains on the internal surfaces may increase the microviscosity of the hydration layers at the wall interfaces without physically occluding the lumen, producing complete and reversible on/off flow valving in microchannels under hydrostatic pressures relevant for microfluidics approaches. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2005/c2068_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Prolonged systemic expression of human IL-1 receptor antagonist (hIL-1ra) in mice reconstituted with hematopoietic cells transduced with a retrovirus carrying the hIL-1ra cDNA. (1995)

This study was designed to test the feasibility and safety of long-term expression of high levels of secreted human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (hIL-1ra) protein in mice by retroviral transduction of hematopoietic stem cells. The retroviral vector, CRIP-MFG-hIL-1ra (MFG-IRAP), carrying the hIL-1ra gene was used to infect mouse bone marrow (BM) which was subsequently injected into lethally irradiated mice. All of the mice survived and greater than 98% of the white blood cells (WBC) of these mice were of donor type from 2-13 months after transplantation. All of the mice had hIL-1ra protein in their sera (40-1200 ng of hIL-1ra/ml) at all assay periods for at least 15 months after transplantation. Bone marrow from seven of seven primary recipients produced at least one secondary recipient with sustained, high serum levels of hIL-1ra, indicating that hematopoietic stem cells had been successfully transduced. Although the hIL-1ra was biologically active when assayed in vitro, the mice appeared to be well and their WBC counts and hematocrit (HCT) were not significantly different from those of lethally-irradiated mice given BM cells infected with the same vector carrying the lacZ gene. There was also no evidence of alterations of white cell subpopulations. These results demonstrate that systemic production of biologically active hIL-1ra can be obtained by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer to hematopoietic stem cells and that this level of expression and secretion into the serum is compatible with normal BM engraftment, hematopoietic recovery and survival of the lethally irradiated recipient mice. These hIL-1ra-expressing mice represent a model to examine the functions of IL-1 and hIL-1ra and to determine the ability of hIL-1ra to reduce susceptibility to chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis as well as effects of aging such as bone degeneration. The data further suggest that transduction and transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells is a potential method for delivery of hIL-1ra and other secreted therapeutic gene products for systemic diseases.
Towards a Distributed SDN Control: Inter-Platform Signaling among Flow Processing Platforms (2013)

Today's Internet is a concatenation of IP networks interconnected by many distributed functions integrated into a plethora of highly specialized middleboxes. These elements implement complex network functions like firewalls, NATs, DPI, traffic scrubbing, etc. The product is a quite complex and rigid internetworking system in which network administrators and users cannot easily determine what is happening to traffic flows as they go toward destinations. SDN research and programmable network functions for flow processing and virtualization are unlocking the current scenario, though most of the COTS products generally support network functions only for virtual L2 switching over IP networks (e.g. VXLAN, GRENV, STT) and LAN based flow pinpointing. This paper presents a different perspective for implementing flow processing via distributed SDN controllers and inter-platform signaling. The distributed end-to-end service provisioning among adjacent flow processing platforms is implemented via a signaling framework in which the different actions/functions to be executed by each platform are described in a generic Flow Processing Route (FPR) object. The FPR is exchanged among the SDN controllers over the end-to-end network service path and contains information on routing rules and local flow processing actions to be instantiated at the different platforms. The proposed signaling architecture has been designed and implemented in the FP7-ICT CHANGE project. This paper reports on the key signaling architectural aspects and the developed signaling prototype.
Lewis-Base Adducts of Group 11 Metal(I) Compounds. LI. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Mononuclear Chloro-, Bromo- and Iodo-pyridinebis(triphenylphosphine)copper(I) Complexes (1989)

Complexes [ XCu ( py )(PPh3)2], X = Cl, Br, I, py = pyridine, have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determination. Chloride and iodide derivatives have similar cells [ isomorphous (?) but not isostructural ], triclinic, pi, a = 19.5 A, b = 10.5, c = 9.6 Å , a ˜ 66, ß ˜ 86, ? ˜ 83º, Z = 2; the bromide is monoclinic, Cc, a 13.568(9), b 15.760(12), c 16.545(8) Å , ß 95.65(5)º, Z = 4. Cl, Br, I structures were refined to residuals of 0.042, 0.055, 0.039 for 4288, 2241, 4808 'observed' reflections. In all cases, the copper atom is four-coordinate; for such an array, Cu-X lengths are unusually short [2.318(2), 2.459(2), 2.636(1) Å (Cl, Br, I) and Cu-N unusually long (2.14(1) Å ], while (Cu-P) increase from 2.264 to 2.288 Å across the series. The dominant aspect of the complexes is thus that of XCu (PPh3)2 solvated by pyridine.
Association between Val<sup>108/158</sup>met polymorphism of the<i>COMT</i>gene and schizophrenia (2003)

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder with a multifactorial polygenic inheritance with several genes conferring susceptibility at many genetic locations, each with a small effect. An attractive candidate gene for schizophrenia is the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, which is a modulator of dorsolateral prefrontal cortical function. A missense G to A mutation in this gene that results in a substitution of Methionine (Met) for Valine (Val) at codon 108/158 (Val(108/158) Met) has recently been identified in association to schizophrenia. We compared allele frequencies of the variant Val allele between 96 schizophrenia cases and 80 normal controls. We selected controls from a similar pool to cases in ethnicity and gender. The frequency of the Val allele was significantly higher in schizophrenia cases compared to controls (0.620 vs. 0.506; P = 0.043). Calculation of the population attributable risk suggests that the Val allele accounts for as much as 23% of schizophrenia in this population (range: 3-38%). These results provide support for a role of this variant in the etiopathophysiology of schizophrenia.
<title>Volume visualization</title> (1994)

Volume visualization encompasses an array of techniques which provide the mechanisms that make it possible to reveal and explore the inner or unseen structures of volumetric data and allow visual insight into opaque or complex datasets. Volume visualization is concerned with the tasks of representing, manipulating, and rendering volumetric data. This tutorial provided an overview of the technology, the nomenclature, and the techniques for these tasks, emphasizing algorithms and applications. The tutorial covered and compared different approaches in volume representation, volume synthesis, volume and surface viewing, volume shading, and biomedical applications of volume visualization.
TaqMan Applications in Genetic and Molecular Toxicology (2005)

Quantification of nucleic acids has become a common procedure in many toxicology laboratories. Among the technologies that accomplish this is the fluorogenic 5'-nuclease assay, commonly known as TaqMan. Three TaqMan applications for genetic and molecular toxicology are presented in this article: quantification of gene expression, detection of genetic polymorphisms, and quantification of chromosomal DNA deletions. Of these, quantification of gene expression is the most widely used, and established TaqMan as a benchmark technology for nucleic acid quantification. Two additional applications, polymorphism detection and quantification of DNA deletions, demonstrate the flexibility and quantitative strengths that make TaqMan so powerful, including high precision, excellent sensitivity, and broad linear dynamic range. These and similar applications improve our ability to investigate genetic and molecular dimensions of toxicological phenomena, and have promoted the widespread use of TaqMan in toxicology departments in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition to presenting these applications, the authors discuss some of the challenges of integrating TaqMan and other new technologies into the drug development process.
High incidence of cryptic translocations involving the Ig heavy chain gene in multiple myeloma, as shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization (1999)

Cytogenetic studies have shown rearrangements of the Ig heavy chain (IGH) gene at 14q32 in 10-60% of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) or primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL). Analysis of MM patients and human myeloma cell lines (HMCL) using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular techniques has shown IGH rearrangements in 75% of MM cases and in up to 100% of HMCL. A review of the literature revealed at least 18 different partner chromosomal regions. To investigate whether some of these translocations were recurrent and possibly to identify new partner regions, we developed a set of FISH probes to detect every IGH recombination. We analyzed 28 MM and 4 primary PCL patients with abnormal karyotypes and 12 HMCL. Whereas conventional cytogenetics detected a 14q32 abnormality in only 15% of the patients, FISH detected it in 47% of patients and in 75% of HMCL. The partner chromosome was identified in 10 of 15 patients with a 14q32 rearrangement. Interestingly, the same t(4; 14)(p16;q32) was detected in five patients and three HMCL, i.e., 33% of patients and HMCL with an IGH rearrangement. New partner chromosomal regions have also been identified, i.e., 9p13, 12p11, 12p13, and Xq28, besides the previously reported 8q24, 11q13, 12q24, and 16q24 rearrangements. The genes involved in these new translocations are not known, except for 9p13, where PAX5 was shown to be the partner gene. We conclude that: I) IGH recombinations are frequent but not constant in MM, 2) these rearrangements often occur through cryptic translocations, and 3) the t(4;14)(p16;q32) is one of the most frequent translocations, but many other chromosomal regions may be involved.
Node Classification Based on Functionality in Energy-Efficient and Reliable Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

Energy efficiency and reliability are two important factors when we design a wireless sensor network (WSN). In this paper, we proposed an energy-efficient and reliable hierarchical mechanism for WSNs. We utilized clustering structure to decrease energy consumption. Because cluster head plays an important role in WSN, we designed a substitute of cluster head (SCH) in order to guarantee the data propagation reliability. Based on different functionalities of sensor nodes we creatively classify sensor nodes into five categories: branch node (BN), cluster head (CH), substitute of cluster head (SCH), intermedium node (IN), and normal node. By adopting different MAC and network strategies for different node categories, energy consumption can be greatly reduced and data reliability can be significantly increased in the proposed WSN mechanism. The simulation results showed that this proposed mechanism realized the objective in aspects of energy efficiency and reliability.