gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Day‐Long Reduction of Oral Malodor by a Two‐Phase Oil:Water Mouthrinse as Compared to Chlorhexidine and Placebo Rinses (1992)

Few scientific investigations have addressed the ability of mouthrinses to reduce oral malodor for periods longer than 3 hours. In the present report, we have employed simple, recently described techniques to assess the day-long reduction in oral malodor of a novel 2-phase oil:water mouthrinse (TPM), as compared to a corresponding placebo rinse, and to a commercial 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse. Sixty dental students were divided randomly into 3 groups, and instructed to use one of the rinses prior to bedtime and the following morning. Measurements carried out in the late afternoon, about 8 to 10 hours following rinsing, were compared with baseline measurements carried out in the late afternoon of the previous day. Volatile sulphide levels were measured using a portable industrial sulphide monitor. Microbial levels were estimated using a simple rinsing technique employing sterilized milk. These quantitative techniques were corroborated by organoleptic (hedonic) ratings of a single odor judge. Both TPM and chlorhexidine brought about significant decreases in volatile sulphides (P less than 0.05) as compared to the placebo group. These results were corroborated by the organoleptic data. Similarly, both chlorhexidine and TPM were highly effective in reducing microbial levels as measured by the rinsing technique, in comparison to the placebo group. Chlorhexidine appeared to be more effective than TPM in all measurement categories, although only in the case of microbial activity was there a significant (P less than 0.05) difference between the two groups.
Veterinary Medicines Regulations 2005 (2005)

The Veterinary Medicines Regulations 2005 came into force on October 30. There are a number of key changes that directly impact on the work of veterinary surgeons. These are detailed below by Mr Steve Dean, chief executive of the Veterinary Medicines Directorate, as information for veterinary colleagues
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ–Independent Suppression of Androgen Receptor Expression by Troglitazone Mechanism and Pharmacologic Exploitation (2007)

Previously, we showed that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist troglitazone at high doses was able to suppress androgen receptor (AR) expression in LNCaP prostate cancer cells independently of PPARgamma. Pharmacologic exploitation of this finding led to STG28, a PPARgamma-inactive analogue of troglitazone with substantially higher potency in AR repression. Considering the pivotal role of AR in prostate tumorigenesis, this study investigates the mechanism by which troglitazone and derivatives suppress AR expression in LNCaP cells. Reverse transcription-PCR and reporter gene assays indicate that this drug-induced AR repression occurs at both mRNA and protein levels. Evidence suggests that troglitazone and derivatives mediate the transcriptional repression of AR by facilitating the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of the transcriptional factor Sp1. These agents also cause the proteolysis of two proteins that regulate Sp1-mediated transcription (i.e., the TATA-binding protein-associated factor TAF(II)250 and cyclin D1). However, their involvement in the transcriptional repression of AR is refuted by the finding that small interfering RNA knockdown of these two regulatory proteins does not cause AR down-regulation. STG28 does not cause significant reduction in Sp1 or AR expression in normal prostate epithelial cells. This discriminatory effect underscores the differential susceptibility of malignant versus normal cells to the inhibitory effect of STG28 on cell viability. From a translational perspective, STG28 provides a proof of principle that potent AR-ablative agents could be developed through structural modifications of troglitazone. Moreover, as the control of Sp1 degradation remains unclear, STG28 represents a unique pharmacologic probe to investigate the ubiquitin-proteasome system that regulates Sp1 proteolysis.
Cardinality-Based Feature Modeling and Model-Driven Engineering: Fitting them Together. (2010)

This study identified that the test-retest reliability of the PVM was comparable at low and high exercise intensities; however, it revealed a poor to good test-retest reliability at moderate intensities. The PVM should not be used in a clinical setting where monitoring of an accurate HR is crucial to the patients' safety.
The Spectrum of Non-Candida Fungal Infections following Bone Marrow Transplantation (1993)

We evaluated a consecutive series of patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at a single institution between 1974 and 1989 for the occurrence of a non-Candida fungal infection in the first 180 days after BMT. Of the 1186 patients, 129 (11%) patients developed a total of 138 significant non-Candida fungal infections in this period. Eight patients had multiple distinct infections. The most common isolate was Aspergillus spp. (n = 97), followed by Fusarium (n = 10), and Alternaria (n = 6). The 4 clinical subtypes of infections were minor skin or soft-tissue infections (n = 7), infections of a single organ or site (n = 61), disseminated fungal infection (n = 58), and isolated fungemia (n = 12). The respiratory tract was involved in 95% of single organ or site infections, and 84% of disseminated infections. Outcome was poor, with only 18% of patients surviving. The cause of death was directly related to the non-Candida fungal infection in 66% of patients who died. Mortality rates were significantly higher in patients with either single-organ or site infections (41%) or disseminated infections (83%). The cause-specific mortality rate was greatest following infections with Aspergillus, Chrysosporium, Fusarium, Mucor, or Scopulariopsis, in which there was a high potential for invasive disease and disseminated infection. In contrast, the cause-specific mortality rate was lowest in infections which were either isolated fungemia or were localized and amenable to surgical debridement, most often seen with those infections caused by Acremonium, Alternaria, Penicillium, and Saccharomyces. The spectrum of clinical infections caused by these uncommon non-Candida fungal isolates both in our series and in the literature is reviewed. These unusual opportunistic fungal isolates are now gaining recognition in immunosuppressed patients such as the BMT population, and have a significant impact on patient outcome. Effective therapy of non-Candida fungal infections remains difficult. Early aggressive surgical debridement appears to be important in control of localized invasive infections. Prolonged therapy with amphotericin B is the standard of care, although the role of the newer antifungal agents is not yet well-defined. Ancillary roles may also be provided by granulocyte transfusions and the colony-stimulating factors.
180$^{\circ}$ and 90$^{\circ}$ Reflection-Type Phase Shifters Using Over-Coupled Lange Couplers (2012)

Reflection-type phase shifters (RTPSs) of 180° and 90° using over-coupled Lange couplers to obtain multioctave bandwidth are presented. A thorough theoretical analysis of the effect of coupler parameters on the RTPS performance is provided. The impact of coupler parameters on the RTPS performance is further illustrated with vector plots. Each measured phase shifter is comprised of an over-coupled Lange coupler, two low-loss single-pole double-throw switches, and two pairs of LC reflection loads on a Rogers RO4003C substrate with a thickness of 0.8 mm (32 mil) and 1.5 mm (60 mil). By using the 1.5-mm substrate, the coupling can be increased. Phase shifts of 90° and 180° using Lange couplers with 2-3-dB coupling in steps of 0.2 dB are designed, fabricated, and measured. The experimental results show that an over-coupling of 2.2 dB is able to obtain a return loss larger than 10 dB over a 127% bandwidth from 550 to 2450 MHz for all states. Worst case measured insertion loss and phase error on the 0.8-mm substrate with an over-coupling of 2.8 dB is 2.0±0.8 dB and ±5.8°, respectively, for both 180° and 90°phase states. On the 1.5-mm substrate with an over-coupling of 2.4 dB, they are 1.8 ±1 dB and ±16°, respectively, for both phase states.
Simulation Development of Aircraft Cockpit Instruments Based on GL Studio (2009)

Purpose: In this paper, the planes were taken as reference, simulating series of flexible instruments, including artificial horizon, altimeter, steering meter, air speed indicator and so on. After connecting with flight emluator, simulation flight can be processed with keyboard and mouse. Emulational instruments will display real-time data of flight state. Methods: Firstly, Photoshop was used to deal with plane instruments pictures. Secondly, the professional GL Studio simulation software was applied systematically to integrate static pictures and to compile the code of dynamic controls. Thirdly, based on server/client simulation in the Windows system with the developing tools of Visual C++, Socket was applied to realize transmission between instruments and 3D plane's real-time data. Results: Two independent procedures, 3D plane in single-computer and instruments system developed by GL Studio, was connected successfully, and besides, real-time data's coherence between them was realized. Conclusion: it shows that simulation with GL studio has high fidelity, quick response and satisfied effect when used in the simulate aircraft cockpit. It also shows single-flight data's transmission can be realized with applying Socket.
Motion Pictures (1974)

Beaver, Frank, Bosley Crowther: Social Critic of the Film 1940-67 (Michigan, 1970) Dart, Peter, Pudovkin's Film Theory (Iowa, 1965) Facey, Paul, The Legion of Decency (Fordham University) Lyons, Timothy J. The Silent Partner: History of the American Film McLaughlin, Robert G. Broadway and Hollywood: A History of Economic Interaction (Wisconsin, 1970) Pauline Kael's Deeper into Movies (Boston: Atlantic, Little, Brown, 1973---$3.95, paper) Citizen Kane Book (Boston: Atlantic, Little, Brown, 1971---U5.00/4.95) Robert Redding's Starring Robert Benchley: “Those Magnificent Movie Shorts” (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1973---$7.95) Logan Gourlay's Olivier (New York: Stein & Day, 1974-48.95) John Harrington's The Rhetoric of Film (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1973---price not given, paper) Steven Lewis, James McQuaid and David Tait's Photography Source and Resource (Light Impressions Corp. P.O. Box 3012, Rochester, N.Y., 1973---$6.00 1 paper) Cinema 7($1.00, paper) Rohama Lee (ed) Film News Omnibus: Reviews of 16mm films (Film News Co., 250 West 57th St., New York 10019, 1973---$17.50 ($15.00 if paid with order), paper)
Preparation, Analysis and Cholesterol Lowering Effect of a Novel Microcrystalline Beta-Sitosterol Suspension in Oil and Phase Behaviour of Beta-Sitosterol with Cholesterol (2002)

Few efforts have been made to formulate preparations suitable for oral administration of free plant sterols.Technological problems are associated with free crystalline plant sterols due to their poor solubility in oil and insolubility in water and relatively large daily doses.Crystallisation of anhydrous and hydrated cholesterol crystals in several environments, including physiological conditions, has been widely studied.On the contrary, few structural studies concerning free crystalline -sitosterol or other plant sterols have been published.In the present study, preparation and analyses of a novel microcrystalline -sitosterol suspension in oil and its cholesterol lowering effect is described.In addition, different pseudopolymorphic forms of -sitosterol are characterised and phase behaviour of a - sitosterol-cholesterol binary system in aqueous as well as in non-aqueous environments is studied.-sitosterol was observed to exist in three different pseudopolymorphic forms with different water contents: anhydrated, hemihydrated and monohydrated crystals.-sitosterol suspensions in oil were prepared by adding water to supersaturated sterol in oil solutions.Addition of water to the composition resulted in a decrease in sterol solubility in oil and in the formation of monohydrated needle-shaped crystals instead of plate-like anhydrous crystals.Needle-shaped particles formed structured suspensions with shear thinning behaviour.A high sterol concentration resulted in high supersaturation and thus in formation of microcrystalline (crystal length 10 m) crystals.Microcrystalline -sitosterol suspension in oil lowered effectively serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects and the effect was comparable to earlier results with fat-soluble esterified plant sterols and stanols.A daily dose of 1.5 g plant sterol in microcrystalline form was enough to reach the significant cholesterol lowering effect.-sitosterol and cholesterol exhibited solid solubility over a wide range of different proportions.The crystal structure, thermal behaviour and habit of the mixed crystals varied with composition.Cholesterol, -sitosterol, and the mixed crystals formed anhydrous crystals in the absence of water and monohydrated crystals in the presence of water.The presence of -sitosterol decreased the total sterol solubility in the aqueous system.Thus, the presence of plant sterols may facilitate the crystallisation of cholesterol in physiological environments.On the basis of the present study, it is quite evident that crystallisation of sterols in the lumen of intestine may lead to restricted absorption of cholesterol and thus cause a decrease in serum cholesterol levels.
Effects of static and cyclic compressive loading on articular cartilage plugs in vitro (1984)

The influence of static and intermittent stress on articular cartilage metabolism was examined in vitro. Full-thickness plugs of cartilage from femoral condyles of normal adult dogs were cultured while static or cyclic stresses were applied for 2 hours. The plugs were then incubated under atmospheric pressure for 2 hours in medium containing radioactive label, to provide measurements of net synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) or protein. As a control, cartilage from the same knee was cultured in the apparatus at atmospheric pressure. When cartilage plugs were exposed to static stress, or to cyclic stresses at a duty cycle of 60 seconds on/60 seconds off, net GAG synthesis was suppressed to 30-60% of that in controls. In contrast, when a duty cycle of 4 seconds on/11 seconds off was used, GAG synthesis was increased by 34%. The duty cycle which increased GAG synthesis did not affect protein synthesis or tissue contents of DNA, uronic acid, or water. At the cycle which suppressed GAG synthesis, protein synthesis and uronic acid content were decreased, and water content was increased. As judged by uptake of 14C-aminoisobutyric acid and 14C-xylose, the above changes in GAG synthesis do not appear to have been due to changes in diffusion of nutrient molecules through the cartilage during loading.
Biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of sesquiterpenesGeoffrey A. CordellCite this: Chem. Rev. 1976, 76, 4, 425–460Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60302a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60302a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1821Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of a Common Non-Apoptotic Cell Death Mechanism in Hereditary Retinal Degeneration (2014)

Cell death in neurodegenerative diseases is often thought to be governed by apoptosis; however, an increasing body of evidence suggests the involvement of alternative cell death mechanisms in neuronal degeneration. We studied retinal neurodegeneration using 10 different animal models, covering all major groups of hereditary human blindness (rd1, rd2, rd10, Cngb1 KO, Rho KO, S334ter, P23H, Cnga3 KO, cpfl1, Rpe65 KO), by investigating metabolic processes relevant for different forms of cell death. We show that apoptosis plays only a minor role in the inherited forms of retinal neurodegeneration studied, where instead, a non-apoptotic degenerative mechanism common to all mutants is of major importance. Hallmark features of this pathway are activation of histone deacetylase, poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase, and calpain, as well as accumulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate and poly-ADP-ribose. Our work thus demonstrates the prevalence of alternative cell death mechanisms in inherited retinal degeneration and provides a rational basis for the design of mutation-independent treatments.
Neurofibromatosis-related tumors (2014)

Clinical trials with molecular-targeted therapies have become a reality for neurofibromatosis patients, and hold substantial promise for improving the morbidity and mortality of individuals affected with these disorders.
Determination of Configuration at the Biaryl Axes of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids by Long‐Range NOE Effects (1997)

One- and two-dimensional NOE and ROE experiments were applied to investigate the relative configuration at the stereogenic biaryl axes of naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, natural biaryl compounds mainly occurring as stable atropisomers. The influence of ortho substitution at the biaryl axes on the dynamic behavior of the atropo-diastereomers and the determined NOE effects was investigated. As an example, the axial configuration of ancistrobrevine A was elucidated by the method. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Visualization of the Outer Membrane of Mycobacteria and Corynebacteria in Their Native State (2008)

The cell envelope of mycobacteria, which include the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy, is crucial for their success as pathogens. Despite a continued strong emphasis on identifying the multiple chemical components of this envelope, it has proven difficult to combine its components into a comprehensive structural model, primarily because the available ultrastructural data rely on conventional electron microscopy embedding and sectioning, which are known to induce artifacts. The existence of an outer membrane bilayer has long been postulated but has never been directly observed by electron microscopy of ultrathin sections. Here we have used cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous sections (CEMOVIS) to perform a detailed ultrastructural analysis of three species belonging to the Corynebacterineae suborder, namely, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Corynebacterium glutamicum, in their native state. We provide new information that accurately describes the different layers of the mycobacterial cell envelope and challenges current models of the organization of its components. We show a direct visualization of an outer membrane, analogous to that found in gram-negative bacteria, in the three bacterial species examined. Furthermore, we demonstrate that mycolic acids, the hallmark of mycobacteria and related genera, are essential for the formation of this outer membrane. In addition, a granular layer and a low-density zone typifying the periplasmic space of gram-positive bacteria are apparent in CEMOVIS images of mycobacteria and corynebacteria. Based on our observations, a model of the organization of the lipids in the outer membrane is proposed. The architecture we describe should serve as a reference for future studies to relate the structure of the mycobacterial cell envelope to its function.
Synthesis and evaluation of nicotine alpha4beta2 receptor radioligand, 5-(3'-18F-fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine, in rodents and PET in nonhuman primate. (2005)

Binding of (18)F-nifrolidine to alpha(4)beta(2) receptor-rich regions in rats and monkeys indicates promise as a PET agent. Additionally, the thalamus-to-cerebellum ratio approached a plateau of 1.7 in 120 min, indicating relatively faster kinetics compared with previously reported imaging agents.
Correlating Coating Characteristics with the Performance of Drug-Coated Balloons – A Comparative In Vitro Investigation of Own Established Hydrogel- and Ionic Liquid-Based Coating Matrices (2015)

Drug-coated balloons (DCB), which have emerged as a therapeutic alternative to drug-eluting stents in percutaneous cardiovascular intervention, are well described with regard to clinical efficacy and safety within a number of clinical studies. In vitro studies elucidating the correlation between coating additive and DCB performance are however rare but considered important for the understanding of DCB requirements and the improvement of established DCB. In this regard, we examined three different DCB-systems, which were developed in former studies based on the ionic liquid cetylpyridinium salicylate, the body-own hydrogel hyaluronic acid and the pharmaceutically well-established hydrogel polyvinylpyrrolidone, considering coating morphology, coating thickness, drug-loss, drug-transfer to the vessel wall, residual drug-concentration on the balloon surface and entire drug-load during simulated use in an in vitro vessel model. Moreover, we investigated particle release of the different DCB during simulated use and determined the influence of the three coatings on the mechanical behavior of the balloon catheter. We could show that coating characteristics can be indeed correlated with the performance of DCB. For instance, paclitaxel incorporation in the matrix can reduce the drug wash-off and benefit a high drug transfer. Additionally, a thin coating with a smooth surface and high but delayed solubility can reduce drug wash-off and decrease particle burden. As a result, we suggest that it is very important to characterize DCB in terms of mentioned properties in vitro in addition to their clinical efficacy in order to better understand their function and provide more data for the clinicians to improve the tool of DCB in coronary angioplasty.
The Stability of Acylpyridinium Cations and Their Relation to the Catalytic Activity of Pyridine Bases (2005)

The stability of acylpyridinium cations can be used as a predictive tool for the development of catalysts for acyl transfer reactions based on the 4-aminopyridine motive. Substituents in 2-position of the pyridine ring are detrimental to both, the catalytic activity of pyridine catalysts as well as the stability of the respective acetylpyridinium cations. Alkyl substituents located in 3-position of the pyridine ring and at the nitrogen substituent in 4-position lead to higher catalytic activity as well as more stable acetylpyridinium cations. This is, of course, only true as long as steric effects do not hinder the proper alignment of the 4-amino substituent and the pyridine ring.