gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic flux monitoring for detecting faults in electrical machines (2006)

The ability of the electromagnetic flux measured in various locations of a 35-kW cage induction motor to provide useful information about faults was investigated. The usefulness of this monitoring parameter was assessed in comparison with some other electrical parameters used for fault detection, such as stator phase current and circulating currents between the parallel branches of the stator winding.\n\nThe following faults were investigated in this thesis: a turn-to-turn short circuit in the stator winding; rotor cage-related faults (breakage of rotor bars); static and dynamic eccentricity, and bearing fault.\n\nThe relevant fault signatures of the studied electrical parameters were obtained from measurements and/or from numerical electromagnetic field simulations in steady state. These signatures were analysed and compared in order to deduce the most appropriate quantity for the detection of a specific fault. When and where possible, the accuracy of different fault signatures issuing from numerical electromagnetic field simulations was validated by experiments. This investigation is essential since, following a good agreement, it may be assumed that if a monitoring system cannot detect and diagnose an artificial fault from the virtual measurement signals, it is hardly likely to work with real electrical machines, either. In this respect, the numerical methods of analysis limited the present study to such faults that affect the electromagnetic field of a machine.\n\nOn the exclusive basis of data obtained from simulations, a study of the modifications brought by various stator winding designs to some of the asymmetrical air-gap electromagnetic flux density harmonics responsible for the detection of various faults was carried out.\n\nThe analysis of a core fault (insulation fault in the stator lamination) artificially implemented in the numerical electromagnetic model of the machine in terms of finding a suitable parameter to sense such a fault was also studied in this work.
Retinoic acid signaling and function in the adult hippocampus (2006)

Retinoic acid (RA) is an essential growth factor, derived from vitamin A, which controls growth by activating specific receptors that are members of the nuclear receptor family of transcriptional regulators. Its function in control of growth and differentiation in the embryonic CNS has been extensively investigated, but a role for RA in the mature brain has only recently become apparent. Although the adult CNS has much less capacity for change compared to the embryonic CNS, a limited amount of flexibility, referred to as neural plasticity, still exists. It is these processes that RA influences in the adult brain, including long-term potentiation and neurogenesis. The hippocampus is a brain region dependent upon neural plasticity for its function in learning and memory, and this review focuses on the roles that RA may play in regulating these processes in the adult.
Algorithms for nonnegative matrix factorization with the beta-divergence (2010)

This paper describes algorithms for nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) with the beta-divergence (beta-NMF). The beta-divergence is a family of cost functions parametrized by a single shape parameter beta that takes the Euclidean distance, the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Itakura-Saito divergence as special cases (beta = 2,1,0, respectively). The proposed algorithms are based on a surrogate auxiliary function (a local majorization of the criterion function). We first describe a majorization-minimization (MM) algorithm that leads to multiplicative updates, which differ from standard heuristic multiplicative updates by a beta-dependent power exponent. The monotonicity of the heuristic algorithm can however be proven for beta in (0,1) using the proposed auxiliary function. Then we introduce the concept of majorization-equalization (ME) algorithm which produces updates that move along constant level sets of the auxiliary function and lead to larger steps than MM. Simulations on synthetic and real data illustrate the faster convergence of the ME approach. The paper also describes how the proposed algorithms can be adapted to two common variants of NMF : penalized NMF (i.e., when a penalty function of the factors is added to the criterion function) and convex-NMF (when the dictionary is assumed to belong to a known subspace).
A New Means To Identify Type 3 Secreted Effectors: Functionally Interchangeable Class IB Chaperones Recognize a Conserved Sequence (2012)

Many Gram-negative pathogens utilize type 3 secretion systems to deliver tens of effectors into host cells. In order to understand the diverse ways that these organisms cause disease, it is necessary to identify their effectors, many of which require chaperones to be secreted. Here we establish that class IB chaperones are not promiscuous, as previously proposed, but rather recognize a conserved effector sequence. We demonstrate that pattern search algorithms based on this defined sequence can be used to identify previously unknown effectors. Furthermore, we observe that class IB chaperones from at least seven bacterial species are functionally interchangeable. Not only do they bind and mediate the delivery of their own set of effectors into host cells but they also bind to type 3 substrates from other bacteria, suggesting that inhibitors that block chaperone-effector interactions could provide a novel means to effectively treat infections due to Gram-negative pathogens, including organisms resistant to currently available antibiotics.
Proliferative and cytolytic responses of human gamma delta T cells display a distinct specificity pattern. (1994)

The function and physiological role of gamma delta T cells are still unknown. Concerning the specificity of these cells, a proliferative response towards microbial ligands has been noted, whereas in terms of effector functions in humans a cytolytic activity against a variety of tumour targets is most prominent. Here we show data demonstrating that the cytolytic activity of activated human gamma delta T cells does not reflect the specificity of these cells in primary in vitro stimulation; moreover, we provide evidence that the recognition of target cells by gamma delta T cells can have different qualities. gamma delta T cells proliferate vigorously in primary in vitro reaction upon stimulation with various B-cell tumour lines but not with the T-cell lines Jurkat or Molt-4. However, gamma delta T cells stimulated primarily with phytohaemagglutinin or with cells from B-cell lines gain unrestricted cytolytic activity against a broad set of tumour targets, including Jurkat and Molt-4; the same set of targets is capable of inducing release of serine esterases (SE) from gamma delta T-effector cells. Whereas the cytolytic activity in the 51Cr-assay against the B-cell lines and against Molt-4 depends on the presence of Ca2+ ions in the assay, the lysis of Jurkat cells is only slightly reduced upon removal of Ca2+ from the medium; the SE release, however, is Ca2+ dependent in all cases. Taken together, these data suggest several different ways of target cell recognition by gamma delta T cells leading to either proliferation or triggering of cytolytic activity, and argue against an involvement of the gamma delta T-cell receptor in the cytotoxic activity of gamma delta T cells.
Presecretory and cytoplasmic invertase polypeptides encoded by distinct mRNAs derived from the same structural gene differ by a signal sequence. (1982)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain FH4C carries a single invertase structural gene, SUC2, but produces distinct invertase mRNAs and polypeptides for the secreted and cytoplasmic forms of the enzyme. The two major invertase cell-free translation products are polypeptides of 60,000 daltons (p60) and 62,000 daltons (p62) and correspond to the nonglycosylated cytoplasmic form of invertase and the precursor of glycosylated secreted invertase, respectively. This paper describes amino acid sequence and peptide map analyses of invertase polypeptides. The peptide maps demonstrate that p62, p60, and the in vivo secreted polypeptide have significant structural homology. Sequence analysis, however, revealed differences between p62 and p60 at their amino termini. p62 contains an amino-terminal signal sequence of 19 amino acid residues that is specifically cleaved during secretion in a cell-free system to generate the secreted 87,000-dalton invertase glycopeptide gp87. This signal sequence is not present in p60. p60 synthesis begins with a methionine which can be aligned with a methionine at residue 21 in p 62. During translation, the p60 initiator methionine is removed and the newly generated amino terminus is acetylated. Based on peptide map similarities, partial amino-terminal sequence data, and common genetic origin, it is suggested that p60 and p62 have identical amino acid sequences carboxy-terminal to the p60 initiator methionine (residue 21 of p62). The reciprocal correlations of signal sequence with secretion and absence of signal sequence with cytoplasmic localization provide proof of the signal hypothesis for secreted proteins. Two mechanisms are proposed for the derivation of p60 and p62 from a single structural gene: alternative promoter sites, and differential processing of a single primary transcript.
Isolation of Frog and Chicken cDNAs Encoding Heparin Cofactor II (1998)

Heparin cofactor II (HCII) is a serpin that inhibits thrombin rapidly in the presence of heparin or dermatan sulfate. HCII activity has been detected in human, rabbit, and mouse plasma, and cDNA clones for HCII have been isolated previously from human, rabbit, rat, and mouse liver libraries, suggesting a conserved physiologic role for HCII among mammals. In this report, we show that both frog and chicken plasma contain a dermatan sulfate-dependent inhibitor that forms a 118-kDa complex with human 125I-thrombin. Screening of frog and chicken liver cDNA libraries in bacteriophage lambda with a human HCII cDNA probe yielded nearly full-length clones with inserts of 1.8 and 1.7 kb, respectively. The amino acid sequences deduced from the frog and chicken HCII cDNAs are approximately 60% identical to one another and to each of the mammalian sequences. In particular, the N-terminal acidic domain, the glycosaminoglycan-binding site, and the reactive site sequences are highly conserved. Our results indicate that HCII is widely distributed among vertebrates and may have a common function in birds, amphibians, and mammals.
Design of transform filter for sound field reproduction using microphone array and loudspeaker array (2011)

In this paper, we propose a novel method of sound field reproduction using a microphone array and loudspeaker array. Our objective is to obtain the driving signal of a planar or linear loudspeaker array only from the sound pressure distribution acquired by the planar or linear microphone array. In this study, we derive a formulation of the transform from the received signals of the microphone array to the driving signals of the loudspeaker array. The transform is achieved as a mean of a filter in a spatio-temporal frequency domain. Numerical simulation results are presented to compare the proposed method with the method based on the conventional least square algorithm. The reproduction accuracies were found to be almost the same, however, the filter size and amount of calculation required for the proposed method were much smaller than those for the least square algorithm based one.
Protective Effect of Geranylgeranylacetone via Enhancement of HSPB8 Induction in Desmin-Related Cardiomyopathy (2009)

Expression of small HSPs such as HSPB8 and HSPB1 by GGA may be a new therapeutic strategy for patients with DRM.
Continuous telemetric blood pressure monitoring and glomerular injury in the rat remnant kidney model (1993)

The pathogenesis of glomerular injury in the remnant kidney (RK) model remains controversial. Increased glomerular transmission of systemic hypertension has been postulated to be an important pathogenic mechanism, but the precise relationship between systemic pressures and glomerular injury has not been defined because of the limitations of the tail-cuff method. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was continuously recorded radiotelemetrically at 10-min intervals for 6 wk in rats after approximately 5/6 renal ablation (n = 16) or sham ablation (n = 7). Overall mean systolic BP in RK rats was significantly higher than sham (138 +/- 3.3 vs. 117 +/- 1.3 mmHg, P < 0.01). Additionally, marked lability of systolic BP was observed in RK rats as compared with sham rats. Glomerular injury was essentially confined to RK rats, but the percentage of injured glomeruli ranged between 1 and 55%. Glomerular injury in individual animals was strongly correlated (r = 0.88) with the mean systolic BP during the last approximately 4 wk and with the frequency of systolic BP readings of > 140 mmHg. These data strongly suggest that transmission of systemic hypertension to the renal microvasculature plays a predominant role in the pathogenesis of glomerular injury in the RK model and also support the potential usefulness of the radiotelemetric technique to investigate hypertensive target organ injury.
Quantification of hormone pulsatility via an approximate entropy algorithm (1992)

Approximate entropy (ApEn) is a recently developed formula to quantify the amount of regularity in data. We examine the potential applicability of ApEn to clinical endocrinology to quantify pulsatility in hormone secretion data. We evaluate the role of ApEn as a complementary statistic to widely employed pulse-detection algorithms, represented herein by ULTRA, via the analysis of two different classes of models that generate episodic data. We conclude that ApEn is able to discern subtle system changes and to provide insights separate from those given by ULTRA. ApEn evaluates subordinate as well as peak behavior and often provides a direct measure of feedback between subsystems. ApEn generally can distinguish systems given 180 data points and an intra-assay coefficient of variation of 8%. This suggests ApEn as applicable to clinical hormone secretion data within the foreseeable future. Additionally, the models analyzed and extant clinical data are both consistent with episodic, not periodic, normative physiology.
Random Quantum Networks (2010)

The optical modes of disordered materials can couple with atomic emission and could create states that would be useful in quantum information processing.
The performance of human infants on a measure of frontal cortex function, the delayed response task (1989)

The Delayed Response task is the best-established marker of frontal lobe function in nonhuman primates. This article reports the developmental progression of human infants on that task. It is proposed that maturation of prefrontal cortex may make possible these age-related improvements in Delayed Response performance. This would suggest the importance of prefrontal cortex functioning very early in life. Twelve infants (6 male, 6 female) were tested longitudinally every two weeks from 6-12 months of age. Another 36 infants (18 male, 18 female) were tested only once: 12 each at 8, 10, and 12 months. We predicted that infants would improve on Delayed Response over these ages because infants' performance on AB improves during this time, and Delayed Response is very similar to AB. The AB task, devised by Piaget, is used to study cognitive development in infants. The ages over which AB performance improves are well established. In both AB and Delayed Response, the subject watches as the experimenter hides a desired object in one of two identical wells. After a brief delay, the subject is allowed to reach. In AB, the object is hidden in the same well on subsequent trials until the subject reaches to the correct well; then side of hiding is reversed and the procedure repeated. In Delayed Response, side of hiding is varied randomly over trials. In the present study of Delayed Response each testing session consisted of 16 trials (eight to the right, eight to the left). We found: (1) the developmental progression for Delayed Response is almost identical to that for AB. (2) Infants of 7 1/2-9 months fail Delayed Response under the same conditions and in the same ways as do monkeys with lesions of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. It is therefore suggested that AB and Delayed Response require the same cognitive abilities, and that improved performance on these tasks provides an index of maturation of frontal cortex function.
A CONVENIENT METHOD FOR ASSAY OF DNA SYNTHESIS IN SYNCHRONIZED HUMAN CELL CULTURES (1966)

In studies of dynamic changes in cellular structure and metabolism and the experimental modification of these properties during various stages of the cell cycle, it is often desirable to determine periodically the synthesis of macromolecules in the cell. In this paper we present a simplified method for determining the rates and total amount of DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis in synchronized human cells in suspension culture. The method is also applicable to monolayer cultures of human and other mammalian cells. Comparisons have been made between the results obtained by this method and the usual radioautographic techniques. With certain modifications, the method can be extended for measuring protein synthesis.
VEHICLE LICENSE PLATE CHARACTER SEGMENTATION - A STUDY (2013)

License plate recognition (LPR) plays a major role in this busy world, as the number of vehicles increases day by day, theft of vehicles, breaking traffic rules, entering restricted area are also increases linearly, so to block this act license plate recognition system is designed. License Plate Recognition (LPR) systems basically consist of 3 main processing steps such as: Detection of number plate, Segmentation of plate characters and Recognition of each character. Among this, character segmentation is a most challenging task, as the accuracy of the character recognition relies on the accuracy of the character segmentation. Problems of different lighting condition, adhesion, fracture, rivet, rotation degrades the accuracy of the character segmentation. So in order to overcome these problems and uplift the accuracy of character segmentation various algorithms are developed for this work. Purpose of this paper is to categorize and brief them.
Characterization of lipoprotein EnvA in Chlamydia psittaci 6BC (1994)

The primary sequence of the small cysteine-rich protein (EnvA) of Chlamydia psittaci 6BC has been shown to possess a potential lipid modification/signal peptidase II-processing site, and the mature protein was labeled by a [3H]palmitic acid precursor. We further characterized the mature EnvA, showing that it lacks the N-terminal methionine of the primary peptide, is hydrophobic despite a peptide sequence that is predicted to be hydrophilic, and appears to be lipid modified at an N-terminal cysteine in a manner analogous to that of murein lipoproteins of gram-negative bacteria. We also report the fatty acid content of the small cysteine-rich proteins of C. psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis L2 as determined by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Feasibility of Near-Wellbore Heating by Electromagnetic Irradiation (1993)

ABSTRACT An algorithm is developed for estimating the temperature increase near a wellbore associated with electromagnetic heating (EMH) processes. The algorithm accounts for heat loss to confining strata. It is useful for generating a temperature profile of an irradiated reservoir. EMH processes are most applicable as well stimulation techniques. They do not heat enough of the reservoir to serve as a general reservoir heating technique.
Real-Time Basin Modeling: Improving Geopressure and Earth-Stress Predictions (2005)

Abstract Basin modeling is an effective tool for pore pressure prediction. A model that can be updated as new data is acquired can provide a Look Ahead prediction that may be valid for several thousand feet ahead of the bit.A new modeling program is described that has proven effective both in pre-drill analysis and in while-drilling situations for a variety of geologic regimes. In the recently completed DEA 119 Phase 2 study, pressure gradients were predicted to less s than 1 ppg for the whole well in 62% of blind test analyses. In numerous wells, real time updating of the basin model has proved effective at narrowing the envelope of pore pressure and Earth stress uncertainty ahead of the bit. The model utilizes conventional compaction principles derived from seismic and/or well gradient logs as calibration. It combines this information with geologic-based information (ages, thickness, porosity and lithology) to predict the geopressure environment that will be encountered by the well. As the well is drilled, new information becomes available that will either confirm or refute the original geopressure prediction. This new data is well-specific and can be used to update the basin model. The data ahead of the bit still contains all of the information that is known about the area and has not been changed by the addition of the real time data. Adjusting the model with the newly acquired data will therefore reduce the envelope of uncertainty that existed in the original model and update the prediction with the new information. This updating is performed in real time and is available while the well is being drilled. An early example of basin modeling in a real time look ahead mode is shown to demonstrate the challenges that have been addressed to date. Through careful examination of a case where performance could have been better, the authors reveal the weaknesses of the approach such that they can be better understood.Furthermore, the example demonstrates the capability to update the prediction of pore pressure ahead of the bit and use this advance prediction for other solutions such as wellbore stability computations. Aggregated look ahead performance results from five other projects are revealed that demonstrate the ability of this technology to provide information to operators that can improve the safety and performance of well construction.
Incidence and Pathogenesis of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (2004)

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a constellation of metabolic disturbances that may be observed in patients with malignancies. Clinically significant TLS can occur spontaneously, but most often is seen 48-72 h after initiation of cancer treatment. The metabolic abnormalities observed in patients with TLS include hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia, which leads to secondary hypocalcemia. The precise incidence of TLS is not defined, risk factors being represented by large tumor burden, neoplasms with either high growth fraction or high sensitivity to chemotherapy, and by pre-existing impairment of renal function. Neither racial, nor sex predilection exists. The pathogenesis of TLS is related to the rapid tumor cell turnover or destruction, which may result in release of intracellular ions and metabolic byproducts into the systemic circulation. Acute renal failure (ARF) may frequently complicate TLS and is mainly due to renal tubule precipitation of uric acid, calcium phosphate, or hypoxanthine. Hemodynamic changes reducing glomerular flow due to still undefined mediators are also involved in TLS pathophysiology. Pre-existing volume depletion or renal dysfunction may worsen metabolic derangements and ARF. A good comprehension of TLS pathophysiology has provided the basis for an effective and rational treatment of this complication, adversely affecting the outcome of cancer patients.