gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Social Media to Predict the Future: A Systematic Literature Review (2017)

Social media (SM) data provides a vast record of humanity's everyday thoughts, feelings, and actions at a resolution previously unimaginable. Because user behavior on SM is a reflection of events in the real world, researchers have realized they can use SM in order to forecast, making predictions about the future. The advantage of SM data is its relative ease of acquisition, large quantity, and ability to capture socially relevant information, which may be difficult to gather from other data sources. Promising results exist across a wide variety of domains, but one will find little consensus regarding best practices in either methodology or evaluation. In this systematic review, we examine relevant literature over the past decade, tabulate mixed results across a number of scientific disciplines, and identify common pitfalls and best practices. We find that SM forecasting is limited by data biases, noisy data, lack of generalizable results, a lack of domain-specific theory, and underlying complexity in many prediction tasks. But despite these shortcomings, recurring findings and promising results continue to galvanize researchers and demand continued investigation. Based on the existing literature, we identify research practices which lead to success, citing specific examples in each case and making recommendations for best practices. These recommendations will help researchers take advantage of the exciting possibilities offered by SM platforms.
Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor as a diagnostic marker for adult-onset type II citrullinemia (1997)

Adult-onset type II citrullinemia is characterized by which deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) protein is found specifically in the liver of patients. Our recent study using differential messenger RNA (mRNA) display showed that the expression of human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (hPSTI) mRNA increases significantly in the liver of all type II patients tested. In the present work, we found that the concentration of hPSTI protein was higher in the liver of type II patients than controls. Because it is well known that PSTI is a secretory protein and because serum PSTI has been proposed as a marker of pancreatic and nonpancreatic diseases, we measured the hPSTI level in the blood of type II patients and compared it with other serum markers such as elastase 1, trypsin, phospholipase A2, alpha-fetoprotein, CA19-9, and C-reactive protein (CRP). We found a significant increase in serum hPSTI level with no change in the other serum markers. These results suggest that serum hPSTI is useful as a diagnostic marker for adult-onset type II citrullinemia.
A Bayesian framework for concept learning (1999)

Human concept learning presents a version of the classic problem of induction, which is made particularly difficult by the combination of two requirements: the need to learn from a rich (i.e. nested and overlapping) vocabulary of possible concepts and the need to be able to generalize concepts reasonably from only a few positive examples. I begin this thesis by considering a simple number concept game as a concrete illustration of this ability. On this task, human learners can with reasonable confidence lock in on one out of a billion billion billion logically possible concepts, after seeing only four positive examples of the concept, and can generalize informatively after seeing just a single example. Neither of the two classic approaches to inductive inference -- hypothesis testing in a constrained space of possible rules and computing similarity to the observed examples -- can provide a complete picture of how people generalize concepts in even this simple setting. This thesis prop...
Exploring intelligent network control of active calls on a CO switch (2002)

The modifications to the GTD-5 EAX class 5 digital switch developed for an intelligent network testbed are outlined. These enhancements demonstrate several capabilities not available in the initial North American Intelligent Network releases 0 and 0.1. These capabilities include: the ability for the switch to interact with the service control point (SCP) during the active and clearing phases of a call; support for the transactions to remain active throughout multiple switch events; support of a connection model allowing the switch to describe the configuration of the call to the SCP; and the SCP being able to perform limited configuration manipulations on the call.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Canonical Construction of Quantum Oracles (2020)

Selecting a set of basis states is a common task in quantum computing, in order to increase and/or evaluate their probabilities. This is similar to designing WHERE clauses in classical database queries. Even though one can find heuristic methods to achieve this, it is desirable to automate the process. A common, but inefficient automation approach is to use oracles with classical evaluation of all the states at circuit design time. In this paper, we present a novel, canonical way to produce a quantum oracle from an algebraic expression (in particular, an Ising model), that maps a set of selected states to the same value, coupled with a simple oracle that matches that particular value. We also introduce a general form of the Grover iterate that standardizes this type of oracle. We then apply this new methodology to particular cases of Ising Hamiltonians that model the zero-sum subset problem and the computation of Fibonacci numbers. In addition, this paper presents experimental results obtained on real quantum hardware, the new Honeywell computer based on trapped-ion technology with quantum volume 64.
Evaluation of Bond Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with High-Strength Transverse Reinforcement (2010)

This paper investigates the bond behavior of reinforced concrete beams having high-strength transverse reinforcement. A total of four reinforced concrete beams were tested in this study to estimate the bond capacity of the proposed U-shape reinforcement. The proposed U-shape reinforcement not only has a simple structure to install, but also can increase the bond capacity of reinforced concrete beams by controling bond cracks. This study follow the test method proposed by Ichinose to obtain the bond stress and the bond slip of the specimens. The main test parameters were the yield strength, ratio, and reinforcing types of transverse reinforcements. It was found that the proposed U-shape reinforcement was able to effectively improve the bond performance of reinforced concrete beams with high-strength transverse reinforcement.
Analysis of Daily Total Horizontal Solar Radiation Measurements in Turkey (2001)

Abstract Daily total horizontal solar radiation data measured via pyranometer in 5 DMI (Turkish State Meteorological Service) and 6 EIEI (Electrical Works Research Directorate) stations existing in 9 cities of Turkey have been examined. Actinograph data and pyranometer data of some stations were compared and high correlation coefficients for the line equation fitted to these data were found. Error between actinograph and pyranometer data was calculated and it was observed that the error generally increased in winter months and decreased in summer months. Measurements obtained from pyranometer in two cities in which DMI and EIEI stations are located were compatible with each other. It has been suggested that data measured in DMI and EIEI stations could be used by combining them. Keywords: Horizontal Solar Radiation Actinograph Pyranometer Turkey
An Epstein–Barr-related herpesvirus from marmoset lymphomas (2001)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated in the development of human B cell lymphomas and carcinomas. Although related oncogenic herpesviruses were believed to be endemic only in Old World primate species, we now find these viruses to be endemic in New World primates. We have isolated a transforming, EBV-related virus from spontaneous B cell lymphomas of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Sequencing of two-thirds of the genome reveals considerable divergence from the genomes of EBV and Old World primate EBV-related viruses, including differences in genes important for virus-induced cell growth transformation and pathogenesis. DNA related to the C. jacchus herpesvirus is frequently detected in squirrel monkey peripheral blood lymphocytes, indicating that persistent infection with EBV-related viruses is prevalent in both New World primate families. Understanding how these more divergent EBV-related viruses achieve similar biologic outcomes in their natural host is likely to provide important insights into EBV infection, B cell growth transformation, and oncogenesis.
Imaging and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor response in dementia with Lewy bodies (2012)

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are commonly used to treat patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. Hippocampal atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging and amyloid-β load on positron emission tomography are associated with the Alzheimer's disease-related pathology in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. To date, few studies have investigated imaging markers that predict treatment response in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. Our objective was to determine whether imaging markers of Alzheimer's disease-related pathology such as hippocampal volume, brain amyloid-β load on (11)C Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography predict treatment response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. We performed a retrospective analysis on consecutive treatment-naive patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 54) from the Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre who subsequently received acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and underwent magnetic resonance imaging with hippocampal volumetry. Baseline and follow-up assessments were obtained with the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. Subjects were divided into three groups (reliable improvement, stable or reliable decline) using Dementia Rating Scale reliable change indices determined previously. Associations between hippocampal volumes and treatment response were tested with analysis of covariance adjusting for baseline Dementia Rating Scale, age, gender, magnetic resonance field strength and Dementia Rating Scale interval. Seven subjects underwent (11)C Pittsburgh compound B imaging within 12 weeks of magnetic resonance imaging. Global cortical (11)C Pittsburgh compound B retention (scaled to cerebellar retention) was calculated in these patients. Using a conservative psychometric method of assessing treatment response, there were 12 patients with reliable decline, 29 stable cases and 13 patients with reliable improvement. The improvers had significantly larger hippocampi than those that declined (P = 0.02) and the stable (P = 0.04) group. An exploratory analysis demonstrated larger grey matter volumes in the temporal and parietal lobes in improvers compared with those who declined (P < 0.05). The two patients who had a positive (11)C Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography scan declined and those who had a negative (11)C Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography scan improved or were stable after treatment. Patients with dementia with Lewy bodies who do not have the imaging features of coexistent Alzheimer's disease-related pathology are more likely to cognitively improve with acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment.
Controlling the Functionality of Materials for Sustainable Energy (2011)

Our understanding and control of sustainable energy technologies is in its infancy. Many sustainable energy phenomena depend on the exchange of photons and electrons among quantized energy levels of semiconductors, molecules, and metals at nanoscale spatial scales and at fast or ultrafast time scales. Improving the performance of sustainable energy technologies to make them competitive with fossil technologies requires probing and understanding these quantum phenomena with advanced scientific techniques. This understanding must then be translated into control of the functionality and performance of the materials and chemistry that govern sustainable energy technologies. The review begins by contrasting the foundations of fossil fuel technology based on combustion, heat, and classical thermodynamics with the foundations of sustainable energy technology based on quantum exchange of energy among photons, chemical bonds, and electrons without conversion to heat. Two sets of tools that are essential to observe, understand, and control the quantum phenomena of sustainable energy are described: in situ and time-resolved experiments and theory, and numerical modeling of the functionality of large assemblies of atoms. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for understanding and ultimately controlling sustainable energy phenomena are presented for catalysis, solar water splitting, and superconductivity.
Electron microprobe analyses of pyroxenes, plagioclases & ilmenites from Apollo 11 lunar samples (2016)

The data presented in this paper consist of complete analyses of pyroxenes, plagioclases, and ilmenites from Apollo 11 samples not previously published (however, they were used in figures in the paper by Keil, Bunch, and Prinz, 1970). Since these analyses will be of importance to those persons evaluating Apollo 11 as well as future lunar samples, it was deemed appropriate to make them available to all workers. Some of the analyses listed in the present report total to < 99 or >101 weight percent. It is believed that this is largely due to extreme zoning of the respective minerals and the difficulties in positioning the electron beam to exactly the same spot on the mineral after each run. The sample numbers, methods of preparation and study are presented in Keil, Bunch, and Prinz, 1970. The conclusions drawn from study of these, as well as other minerals, are also presented in that publication. Electron microprobe analyses were made at The University of New Mexico and at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California. We greatly appreciate the assistance of Messrs. G. Conrad, J. Erlichman, R. Geitgy, F. Busche, and J. Rasho in the electron microprobe work, and of Mrs. J. Etheridge, Mr. and Mrs. R. Taylor, and Miss M. Busch in the data reduction. This work is supported in part by NASA contract NAS9-9365 (Klaus Keil, Principal Investigator).
Magnetic resonance techniques for blood-flow measurement and vascular imaging. (1991)

The authors review the history and physical principles behind vascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, developed to measure blood flow noninvasively and to display images of the vasculature. All these techniques have been used to create magnetic resonance angiograms, in which the vasculature is shown in a projection format similar to x-ray angiography. Signal loss limits the effectiveness of "white-blood" magnetic resonance angiography techniques, since slow flow and complex flow often cause a drop in signal and consequently a loss of accuracy in depicting vessel anatomy. "Black-blood" magnetic resonance angiography is described as a method that avoids these problems of signal loss. Selective black-blood magnetic resonance angiography is introduced as a technique for improving the visualization of the vasculature when other signal-void structures are present in the volume of interest.
Comparative virulence of opacity variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain P9 (1981)

The invasive properties of nine variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain P9 known to vary in their surface composition have been investigated. Relative virulence was evaluated by their cytotoxic effect on Chang epithelial cell monolayers. Piliated variants P9-2 (with alpha pili) and P9-20 (with beta pili plus protein II) showed increased ability to kill the target cells compared with the prototype P9-1 (lacking pili and additional outer membrane proteins). Two nonpiliated variants, P9-11 (with proteins IIa and IId) and P9-19 (with proteins II and IIc), were also relatively more virulent compared with P9-1. Enhanced attachment was exhibited by both piliated and some nonpiliated variants: beta-piliated P9-20 (with protein II; molecular weight, 29,000) and nonpiliated P9-16 (with protein IIb; molecular weight, 28,000) were the most effective in adherence to the target monolayers.
MicroRNA-7 inhibits the stemness of prostate cancer stem-like cells and tumorigenesis by repressing KLF4/PI3K/Akt/p21 pathway (2015)

Up to now, the molecular mechanisms underlying the stemness of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) are still poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that microRNA-7 (miR-7) appears to be a novel tumor-suppressor miRNA, which abrogates the stemness of PCSCs and inhibits prostate tumorigenesis by suppressing a key stemness factor KLF4. MicroRNA-7 is down-regulated in prostate cancer cells compared to non-tumorigenic prostate epithelial cells. Restoration of miR-7 suppresses the expression of the stemness factor KLF4 in PCSCs and inhibits prostate tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the suppression of the stemness of PCSCs by miR-7 is sustained for generations in xenografts. Analysis of clinical samples also revealed a negative correlation between miR-7 expression and prostate tumor progression. Mechanistically, overexpression of miR-7 may lead to a cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis, which seems achieved via suppressing the KLF4/PI3K/Akt/p21 pathway. This study identifies miR-7 as a suppressor of PCSCs' stemness and implicates its potential application for PCa therapy.
A novel simultaneous for polarization retrieval in multi-heterodyne scanning near-field optical microscopy (2013)

Keywords: Scanning near-field optical microscopy ; electromagnetic field Reference EPFL-CONF-187093 Record created on 2013-06-19, modified on 2017-05-10
MIMO SVD-based multiplexing with imperfect channel knowledge (2010)

In narrowband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems with perfectly known channel state information (CSI), the singular value decomposition (SVD) is commonly used to decompose the MIMO channel into independent single-input single-output subchannels. In theory, optimal interference-free data multiplexing may then be carried out using the subchannel power levels provided by the well-known waterfilling solution. In practice, however, when finite codebooks are used and perfect CSI is unavailable, adaptations to power levels and bit-loading schemes are often needed to maintain reasonable performance. In this paper, we use expressions for the per-subchannel signal-to-interference- and-noise ratio for the imperfect CSI case to derive approximately optimal subchannel power levels and thresholds on the amount of CSI imperfections and noise tolerable in SVD-based multiplexing systems using M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation. Numerical simulations demonstrate the usefulness of the derived expressions.
Semiconductor heterostructure weak links for Josephson and superconducting FET applications (1987)

Superconductor-normal-superconductor (SNS) weak links using a semiconductor as the normal region are of interest for applications in high frequency Josephson devices and in superconducting field effect transistors. Recently, there has been a revival of interest in materials such as InAs which, in principle, allow true SNS structures without tunneling (Schottky) barriers at the electrodes, In this paper we discuss the requirements for semiconductor SNS Josephson and FET devices and describe the fabrication and characterization of planar SNS weak links in which the normal region is InAs, which is part of a heterostructure consisting of a thin (100 nm) layer of n-InAs grown on undoped GaAs. Nb electrodes defined by electron beam lithography have been made with spacings as small as 260 nm. Preliminary measurements indicate that the devices have good electrical behavior which is well explained by SNS weak link theory, using coherence lengths calculated from measured material parameters. These weak links can be the basis for superconducting FET devices, and have the significant advantage of allowing simple device isolation compared with bulk InAs, which was used in earlier work.
Imaging Brain Amyloid of Alzheimer Disease <i>in Vivo</i> in Transgenic Mice with an Aβ Peptide Radiopharmaceutical (2002)

Abeta 1-40 is a potential peptide radiopharmaceutical that could be used to image the brain Abeta amyloid of Alzheimer disease in vivo, should this peptide be made transportable through the blood-brain barrier in vivo. The blood-brain barrier transport of [ 125 I]-Abeta 1-40 in a transgenic mouse model was enabled by conjugation to the rat 8D3 monoclonal antibody to the mouse transferrin receptor. The Abeta 1-40 -8D3 conjugate is a bifunctional molecule that binds the blood-brain barrier TfR and undergoes transport into brain and binds the Abeta amyloid plaques of Alzheimer disease. App SW /Psen1 double-transgenic and littermate control mice were administered either unconjugated Abeta 1-40 or the Abeta 1-40 -8D3 conjugate intravenously, and brain scans were obtained 6 hours later. Immunocytochemical analysis showed abundant Abeta immunoreactive plaques in the brains of the App SW /Psen1 transgenic mice and there was a selective retention of radioactivity in the brains of these mice at 6 hours after intravenous administration of the conjugate. In contrast, there was no selective sequestration either of the conjugate in control littermate mouse brain or of unconjugated Abeta 1-40 in transgenic mouse brain. In conclusion, the results show that it is possible to image the Abeta amyloid burden in the brain in vivo with an amyloid imaging agent, provided the molecule is conjugated to a blood-brain barrier drug-targeting system.
7-12 μm generation using a Cr,Er:YSGG pump laser and CdSe and ZnGeP2 OPOs (1997)

2.79 μm Cr,Er:YSGG pumping of a CdSe OPO yielded a 59% slope efficiency (η) and 1.2–2.4 mJ of total idler output between 8.5 and 12.3 μm. A ZnGeP2 OPO operated with a lower threshold, η = 29%, and 0.7–2.4 mJ of forward idler output from 6.9 to 9.9 μm.
The Determination of Nitrite: A Critical Review (1985)

I. INTRODUCTION The cause of both the joys and sorrows of nitrite determination lies in its extreme reactivity. The joy is that it is readily reacted with a wide variety of compounds to form distinctive and unique derivatives that are easily measured. The form in which nitrite is most commonly determined, a diazo dye, is absolutely specific for nitrite, for no other compound will form diazo pigments. The sorrow is that because nitrite is so reactive, sample clean-up can become a very complex problem of removing compounds that compete for nitrite with the very reagents used to determine it. The substrates in which nitrite is most commonly determined are cured meats, which are collections of nitrite-reactive substances. The aim of sample preparation procedures for cured meats is to rid the system of nitrite reactants without losing nitrite in the process. Put in this manner, it would appear that the only critical part of the procedure is sample preparation, not the determination step.