gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel 3D analytical algorithm for autonomous collision avoidance considering cylindrical safety bubble (2010)

This paper presents an innovative 3D analytical algorithm for the resolution of the pair-wise non-cooperative collision avoidance problem between aircrafts. The proposed algorithm addresses the above described problem by using an innovative approach, based on the consideration of a cylindrical safety bubble, and it is able to obtain an optimal three-dimensional analytical solution for this problem. This novel approach allows different minimum separations on the vertical and horizontal planes with respect to the nominal trajectory to be achieved, so minimizing the impact of the collision avoidance maneuver on surrounding traffic. Moreover, the algorithm has the very interesting feature that it does not require the solution of any non deterministic and/or iterative problem, resulting suitable for real-time applications. This is due to the capability of the algorithm to find a closed form solution for the kinematic optimization problem here considered. The solution of the collision avoidance problem requires the simultaneous change of all control variables (speed module, track and slope angles), aiming to assure the required safety level and, at the same time, to minimize aircraft deviation from the nominal trajectory. This system is mainly developed for unmanned aircraft vehicles, where high levels of autonomy (i.e. the avoidance maneuver is autonomously executed by a standard autopilot) are required, but it can also be used, as aid to pilots, in manned commercial aircrafts. The effectiveness of the algorithm is evaluated by means of numerical simulations, where suitable conflict scenarios, taking into account aircraft dynamics and on-board sensors errors and limitations, are considered. Scenarios where both aircrafts are equipped with the proposed collision avoidance algorithm or where both aircrafts are subjected to Visual Flight Rules are also considered.
Identity Aging: Efficient Blockchain Consensus. (2018)

Decentralized currencies and similar blockchain applications require consensus. Bitcoin achieves eventual consensus in a fully-decentralized setting, but provides very low throughput and high latency with excessive energy consumption. In this paper, we propose identity aging as a novel and more efficient consensus approach. Our main idea is to establish reliable, long-term identities and choose the oldest identity as the miner on each round. Based on this approach, we design two blockchain systems. Our first system, SCIFER, leverages Intel's SGX attestation for identity bootstrapping in a partially-decentralized setting, where blockchain is permissionless, but we trust Intel for attestation. Our second system, DIFER, creates new identities through a novel mining mechanism and provides consensus in a fully-decentralized setting, similar to Bitcoin. One of the main benefits of identity aging is that it does not require constant computation. Our analysis and experiments show that identity aging provides significant performance improvements over Bitcoin with strong security guarantees.
Microfluidic Biosensing Systems Using Magnetic Nanoparticles (2013)

In recent years, there has been rapidly growing interest in developing hand held, sensitive and cost-effective on-chip biosensing systems that directly translate the presence of certain bioanalytes (e.g., biomolecules, cells and viruses) into an electronic signal. The impressive and rapid progress in micro- and nanotechnology as well as in biotechnology enables the integration of a variety of analytical functions in a single chip. All necessary sample handling and analysis steps are then performed within the chip. Microfluidic systems for biomedical analysis usually consist of a set of units, which guarantees the manipulation, detection and recognition of bioanalytes in a reliable and flexible manner. Additionally, the use of magnetic fields for performing the aforementioned tasks has been steadily gaining interest. This is because magnetic fields can be well tuned and applied either externally or from a directly integrated solution in the biosensing system. In combination with these applied magnetic fields, magnetic nanoparticles are utilized. Some of the merits of magnetic nanoparticles are the possibility of manipulating them inside microfluidic channels by utilizing high gradient magnetic fields, their detection by integrated magnetic microsensors, and their flexibility due to functionalization by means of surface modification and specific binding. Their multi-functionality is what makes them ideal candidates as the active component in miniaturized on-chip biosensing systems. In this review, focus will be given to the type of biosening systems that use microfluidics in combination with magnetoresistive sensors and detect the presence of bioanalyte tagged with magnetic nanoparticles.
Human autoantibodies specific for the α <sub>1A</sub> calcium channel subunit reduce both P-type and Q-type calcium currents in cerebellar neurons (1998)

The pharmacological properties of voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) subtypes appear mainly to be determined by the alpha1 pore-forming subunit but, whether P-and Q-type VDCCs are encoded by the same alpha1 gene presently is unresolved. To investigate this, we used IgG antibodies to presynaptic VDCCs at motor nerve terminals that underlie muscle weakness in the autoimmune Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). We first studied their action on changes in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell lines expressing different combinations of human recombinant VDCC subunits. Incubation for 18 h with LEMS IgG (2 mg/ml) caused a significant dose-dependent reduction in the K+-stimulated [Ca2+]i increase in the alpha1A cell line but not in the alpha1B, alpha1C, alpha1D, and alpha1E cell lines, establishing the alpha1A subunit as the target for these autoantibodies. Exploiting this specificity, we incubated cultured rat cerebellar neurones with LEMS IgG and observed a reduction in P-type current in Purkinje cells and both P- and Q-type currents in granule cells. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the alpha1A gene encodes for the pore-forming subunit of both P-type and Q-type VDCCs.
Insulin-degrading enzyme is differentially expressed and developmentally regulated in various rat tissues. (1993)

Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a cytosolic metalloendoprotease, can degrade insulin, insulin-like growth factor-II, insulin-like growth factor-I, and transforming growth factor-alpha. While IDE has been implicated in the cellular degradation of insulin, other physiological functions of this enzyme are not known. To assess the possible role of IDE in cellular growth and development, we determined the tissue and developmental distribution of the enzyme. Rat IDE cDNA fragments and antibodies directed against human IDE were used to probe IDE transcripts and proteins in rat tissues. The results demonstrate that IDE transcripts are ubiquitous in rat tissues. The level of rIDE transcripts is high in adult rat testis, tongue, and brain; moderate in kidney, prostate, heart, muscle, liver, intestine, and skin; and low in spleen, lung, thymus, and uterus. The sizes of the major transcripts of rIDE are 3.4 and 6.3 kilobases in all tissues analyzed, except testis. Surprisingly, the highest level of rIDE mRNA in the adult rat was in the testis, and the major transcripts of rIDE in this tissue were shifted in size to 3.8 and 6.7 kilobases. Immunocytochemical analysis localized the rIDE mainly in the epithelium of prostate gland and kidney, and the cytosol of liver hepatocytes. During rat development from 6-7 days of age to adulthood, rIDE mRNA levels increased in brain, testis, and tongue; decreased in muscle and skin; and did not significantly change in other tissues examined. These studies reveal regulation of IDE or IDE-related genes in rat tissues and during rat development, suggesting that this enzyme may have multiple functions relating to cellular growth and development.
Induction of Apoptosis Reduces Immunogenicity of Human T‐Cell Lines in Mice (1998)

Apoptotic cells, e.g. postinflammatory neutrophils, were reported to be engulfed by phagocytes without induction of an inflammatory response. We investigated the humoral immune response of BALB/c mice after repeated injection of viable or apoptotic human T cells. Following interleukin-2 (IL-2) deprivation, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)/IL-2 expanded human T-cell lines were irradiated with UV-B light to induce apoptosis, confirmed by propidium iodide staining of Triton X-100-lysed cells. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to detect antilymphocyte antibodies 7 days after each injection. We found high levels of antilymphocyte antibodies in all animals immunized with viable T cells, whereas animals injected with apoptotic cells showed a significantly reduced humoral immune response. We conclude that apoptotic cells induce poor xenoreactive T-cell responses when compared with viable cells.
Entry Mechanisms of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 into Murine Epidermis: Involvement of Nectin-1 and Herpesvirus Entry Mediator as Cellular Receptors (2014)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause a range of diseases in humans, from uncomplicated mucocutaneous lesions to life-threatening infections. The skin is one target tissue of HSV, and the question of how the virus overcomes the protective skin barrier and penetrates into the tissue to reach its receptors is still open. Previous studies analyzing entry into cells grown in vitro revealed nectin-1 and HVEM as HSV receptors. To explore the contributions of nectin-1 and HVEM to entry into a natural target tissue, we established an ex vivo infection model. Using nectin-1- or HVEM-deficient mice, we demonstrated the distinct involvement of nectin-1 and HVEM for HSV-1 entry into epidermis and characterized the internalization pathways. Such advances in understanding the involvement of receptors in tissue are essential preconditions for unraveling HSV invasion of skin, which in turn will allow the development of antiviral reagents.
<i>Economic Sentiments: Adam Smith, Condorcet, and the Enlightenment</i>, by Emma Rothschild (2003)

"Economic Sentiments: Adam Smith, Condorcet, and the Enlightenment, by Emma Rothschild." Canadian Journal of History, 38(2), pp. 373–374
Generating New Specific RNA Interaction Interfaces Using C-Loops (2006)

New RNA interaction interfaces are reported for designing RNA modules for directional supramolecular self-assembly. The new interfaces are generated from existing ones by inserting C-loops between the interaction motifs that mediate supramolecular assembly. C-Loops are new modular motifs recently identified in crystal structures that increase the helical twist of RNA helices in which they are inserted and thus reduce the distance between pairs of loop or loop-receptor motifs from 11 to 9 base-stacking layers while maintaining correct orientation for binding to cognate interaction interfaces. Binding specificities of C-loop-containing molecules for cognate molecules that also have inserted C-loops were found to range up to 20-fold. Binding affinities for most C-loop-containing molecules were generally equal or higher than those for the parent molecules lacking C-loops.
Temperature Distribution Prediction in Data Centers for Decreasing Power Consumption by Machine Learning (2015)

To decrease the power consumption of data centers, coordinated control of air conditioners and task assignment on servers is crucial. It takes tens of minutes for changes of operational parameters of air conditioners including outlet air temperature and volume to be actually reflected in the temperature distribution in the whole data center. Proactive control of the air conditioners is therefore required according to the predicted temperature distribution, which is highly dependent on the task assignment on the servers. In this paper, we apply a machine learning technique for predicting the temperature distribution in a data center. The temperature predictor employs regression models for describing the temperature distribution as it is predicted to be several minutes in the future, with the model parameters trained using operational data monitored at the target data center. We evaluated the performance of the temperature predictor for an experimental data center, in terms of the accuracy of the regression models and the calculation times for training and prediction. The temperature distribution was predicted with an accuracy of 0.095°C. The calculation times for training and prediction were around 1,000 seconds and 10 seconds, respectively. Furthermore, the power consumption of air conditioners was decreased by roughly 30% through proactive control based on the predicting temperature distribution.
Direct enantioseparation of .beta.-adrenergic blockers using a chiral stationary phase prepared by molecular imprinting (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect enantioseparation of .beta.-adrenergic blockers using a chiral stationary phase prepared by molecular imprintingLutz Fischer, Ralf Mueller, Bjoern Ekberg, and Klaus MosbachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 24, 9358–9360Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00024a046RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views721Altmetric-Citations243LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (413 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the Performance Evaluation of Encounter-based Worm Interactions Based on Node Characteristics (2007)

An encounter-based network is a frequently disconnected wireless ad-hoc network requiring nearby neighbors to store and forward data utilizing mobility and encounters over time. Using traditional approaches such as gateways or firewalls for deterring worm propagation in encounter-based networks is inappropriate. Because this type of network is highly dynamic and has no specific boundary, a distributed counter-worm mechanism is needed. We propose models for the worm interaction approach that relies upon automated beneficial worm generation to alleviate problems of worm propagation in such networks. We study and analyze the impact of key mobile node characteristics including node cooperation, immunization, on-off behavior on the worm propagations and interactions. We validate our proposed model using extensive simulations. We also find that, in addition to immunization, cooperation can reduce the level of worm infection. Furthermore, on-off behavior linearly impacts only timing aspect but not the overall infection. Using realistic mobile network measurements, we find that encounters are non-uniform, the trends are consistent with the model but the magnitudes are drastically different. Immunization seems to be the most effective in such scenarios. These findings provide insight that we hope would aid to develop counter-worm protocols in future encounter-based networks.
Pathomorphology and Pathogenesis of Bacterial Meningoventriculitis of Neonatal Ungulates (1984)

Bacterial meningoventriculitis was studied in 26 neonatal ungulates. Preceded by a substantial bacteremia, usually due to Escherichia coli, the fibrinopurulent inflammation involved leptomeninges, choroid plexuses, and ventricle walls, but largely spared the neuraxial parenchyma. It is proposed that this surface-relatedness results from the transport of bacteria by monocytes of low bactericidal power, migrating by normal pathways to maintain significant surface populations of macrophages. The neuraxial parenchyma is spared because of its normal lack of a macrophage population. A similar pathogenesis would hold for the frequent concurrent appearance of serositis and synovitis.
A Head Pose-free Approach for Appearance-based Gaze Estimation (2011)

T o infer human gaze from eye appearance, various methods have been proposed. However, most of them assume a fixed head pose because allowing free head motion adds 6 degrees of freedom to the problem and requires a prohibitively large number of training samples. In this paper, we aim at solving the appearance-based gaze estimation problem under free head motion without significantly increasing the cost of training. The idea is to decompose the problem into subproblems, including initial estimation under fixed head pose and subsequent compensations for estimation biases caused by head rotation and eye appearance distortion. Then each subproblem is solved by either learning-based method or geometric-based calculation. Specifically, the gaze estimation bias caused by eye appearance distortion is learnt effectively from a 5-seconds video clip. Extensive experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
At Work in the Fields (1997)

Lessons Learned from ER Carol Blackburn Copyright © 1997 The Johns Hopkins University
Early Transition-Metal Perfluoroalkyl Complexes (2003)

Elusive early transition-metal perfluoroalkyl complexes have been isolated and structurally characterized for the first time. Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane, CF3SiMe3, serves as an excellent trifluoromethyl group-transfer reagent and reacts with the known Ti(IV) fluoride complex Cp2TiF2 to yield the novel Ti(IV) trifluoromethyl fluoride compound, Cp2Ti(CF3)(F) (1). Reaction of complex 1 with trimethylsilyltriflate (Me3SiOTf) affords the Ti(IV) trifluoromethyl triflate complex Cp2Ti(CF3)(OTf) (2). Both titanium perfluoroalkyl compounds have been characterized spectroscopically and by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The Ti-CF3 linkage in these complexes is remarkably robust and shows no evidence of an alpha-fluoride interaction (Ti...F-CF2) between the electrophilic Ti(IV) metal center and any of the C-F bonds in the trifluoromethyl group in the solid state or in solution.
Production of the Phytotoxic Metabolite, Ferricrocin, by the Fungus<i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> (1995)

A siderophore was isolated as a non-specific phytotoxic compound from a culture of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from infected blackberry. This siderophore was identified as ferricrocin by NMR, IR, MS, and CD spectra. The phytotoxic activities of ferricrocin and deferriferricrocin were compared.
Assessment of Oxidative Stress & Antioxidant Status in Acute Pancreatitis by Measurement of Ischaemia Modified Albumin, Super Oxide Dismutase & Tocopherol (2016)

Acute pancreatitis (AP) can present either as a mild, self-limiting localized disease to fatal widespread multi-organ failure with high mortality rates. There is increased oxygen free radical production & it causes oxidation of lipids in the pancreatic cell membrane and oxidatively modify proteins, depolarize mitochondrial membrane, and induces DNA fragmentation. In this study, 50 diagnosed acute pancreatitis patients(32 gallstone,15 alcoholic and 3 idiopathic) and age and sex matched healthy controls coming to Dept. of Biochemistry, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata as patient parties between January 2012 to August 2013 were tested to assess the oxidative stress & antioxidant status in acute pancreatitis patients by measurement of ischaemia modified albumin (Albumin Cobalt binding assay) , super oxide dismutase (Kakkar’ method) & tocopherol (Baker & Frank method). The result of this study suggests that there is increased antioxidant status (super oxide dismutase and tocopherol) in healthy controls than acute pancreatitis patients and increased oxidative stress (which is indicated by raised ischemia modified albumin) is present in acute pancreatitis patients. There is scope to elaborate this field with larger sample size, inclusion of different race, and with other oxidative stress parameters.
The Human Pancreas Proteome Defined by Transcriptomics and Antibody-Based Profiling (2014)

The pancreas is composed of both exocrine glands and intermingled endocrine cells to execute its diverse functions, including enzyme production for digestion of nutrients and hormone secretion for regulation of blood glucose levels. To define the molecular constituents with elevated expression in the human pancreas, we employed a genome-wide RNA sequencing analysis of the human transcriptome to identify genes with elevated expression in the human pancreas. This quantitative transcriptomics data was combined with immunohistochemistry-based protein profiling to allow mapping of the corresponding proteins to different compartments and specific cell types within the pancreas down to the single cell level. Analysis of whole pancreas identified 146 genes with elevated expression levels, of which 47 revealed a particular higher expression as compared to the other analyzed tissue types, thus termed pancreas enriched. Extended analysis of in vitro isolated endocrine islets identified an additional set of 42 genes with elevated expression in these specialized cells. Although only 0.7% of all genes showed an elevated expression level in the pancreas, this fraction of transcripts, in most cases encoding secreted proteins, constituted 68% of the total mRNA in pancreas. This demonstrates the extreme specialization of the pancreas for production of secreted proteins. Among the elevated expression profiles, several previously not described proteins were identified, both in endocrine cells (CFC1, FAM159B, RBPJL and RGS9) and exocrine glandular cells (AQP12A, DPEP1, GATM and ERP27). In summary, we provide a global analysis of the pancreas transcriptome and proteome with a comprehensive list of genes and proteins with elevated expression in pancreas. This list represents an important starting point for further studies of the molecular repertoire of pancreatic cells and their relation to disease states or treatment effects.
EXIT chart-aided adaptive coding for MMSE turbo equalization with multilevel BICM (2006)

This letter proposes adaptive coding (AC) for multilevel bit interleaved coded modulation (ML-BICM) with MMSE turbo equalization, of which aim is to minimize the information rate loss due to the mismatch between the channel realization and channel coding. With the aid of the knowledge about extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) characteristics at the receiver, the code parameters such as code rates and/or generator polynomials are adaptively selected independently in each the ML-BICM layer. Numerical results show that throughput efficiency can be significantly improved with the proposed AC technique over the automatic repeat request (ARQ) technique with fixed code rate
Proton Abstraction Mechanism for the Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Arylation (2006)

Under the usual conditions, the Pd-catalyzed arylation does not involve an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. On the basis of DFT calculations, we propose a mechanism for the Pd-catalyzed arylation that involves a proton abstraction by a carbonate or related ligand and that provides a satisfactory explanation for the experimental data.