gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Nonsense Mutation in the Inward Rectifier Potassium Channel Gene, <i>Kir6.2</i>, Is Associated With Familial Hyperinsulinism (1997)

ATP-sensitive potassium (K[ATP]) channels are an essential component of glucose-dependent insulin secretion in pancreatic islet beta-cells. These channels comprise the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1) and Kir6.2, a member of the inward rectifier K+ channel family. Mutations in the SUR1 subunit are associated with familial hyperinsulinism (HI) (MIM:256450), an inherited disorder characterized by hyperinsulinism in the neonate. Since the Kir6.2 gene maps to human chromosome 11p15.1 (1,2), which also encompasses a locus for HI, we screened the Kir6.2 gene for the presence of mutations in 78 HI probands by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and nucleotide sequence analyses. A nonsense mutation, Tyr-->Stop at codon 12 (designated Y12X) was observed in the homozygous state in a single proband. 86Rb+ efflux measurements and single-channel recordings of COS-1 cells co-expressing SUR1 and either wild-type or Y12X mutant Kir6.2 proteins confirmed that K(ATP) channel activity was abolished by this nonsense mutation. The identification of an HI patient homozygous for the Kir6.2/Y12X allele affords an opportunity to observe clinical features associated with mutations resulting in an absence of Kir6.2. These data provide evidence that mutations in the Kir6.2 subunit of the islet beta-cell K(ATP) channel are associated with the HI phenotype and also suggest that the majority of HI cases are not attributable to mutations in the coding region of the Kir6.2 gene.
High-performance NMOS operational amplifier (1978)

A high performance operational amplifier 300 mil/SUP 2/ in area has been designed and fabricated in a standard n-channel silicon-gate enhancement/depletion MOS process. Specifications achieved include open-loop gain, 1000; power consumption, 10 mW; common-mode range within 1.5 V of either supply rail; unity-gain bandwidth, 3.0 MHz with 80/spl deg/ phase margin; RMS input noise (2.5 Hz-46 kHz), 25 /spl mu/V; C-message weighted noise -5 dBrnC; and 0.1-percent settling time, 2.5 /spl mu/s.
Acute and Prolonged Hypoxia Attenuate Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production in Rat Pulmonary Arteries by Different Mechanisms (1993)

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension complicates many primary respiratory and cardiac conditions. To define the potential role of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) further in both the acute and chronic forms of this disorder, we determined the effects of acute changes in O2 in vitro and prolonged variations in O2 in vivo on endothelial NO production in rat main pulmonary arteries. NO production was assessed by measuring segment cyclic GMP synthesis, which was dependent on the presence of the endothelium and on NO synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase activity. With an acute decrease in pO2 in vitro from 150 to 40 mm Hg, basal endothelial NO production was attenuated by 52%. NO production stimulated by acetylcholine (ACh) or A23187, however, was not altered, suggesting that the underlying mechanism involves acute changes in endothelial intracellular calcium homeostasis or in the production or action of a local activator of endothelial NO synthase. Although prolonged hypoxia in vivo (7 days) also caused a 52% decrease in basal endothelial NO production, ACh- and A23187-stimulated production were diminished as well, by 69 and 73%, respectively; the attenuation in NO production was evident when tested at high pO2 in vitro, was not altered by exogenous L-arginine, and was reversed by 3 days of normoxic recovery, indicating that the chronic process may involve diminished availability of cofactor(s) required for NO synthase activity. Parallel studies of aortic segments showed that these effects are specific to the pulmonary endothelium. Thus, both acute and prolonged hypoxia selectively attenuate pulmonary endothelial NO production by different mechanisms.
Involvement of calcitonin gene-related peptide and CCL2 production in CD40-mediated behavioral hypersensitivity in a model of neuropathic pain (2011)

The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is known to play a pro-nociceptive role after peripheral nerve injury upon its release from primary afferent neurons in preclinical models of neuropathic pain. We previously demonstrated a critical role for spinal cord microglial CD40 in the development of spinal nerve L5 transection (L5Tx)-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Herein, we investigated whether CGRP is involved in the CD40-mediated behavioral hypersensitivity. First, L5Tx was found to significantly induce CGRP expression in wild-type (WT) mice up to 14 days post-L5Tx. This increase in CGRP expression was reduced in CD40 knockout (KO) mice at day 14 post-L5Tx. Intrathecal injection of the CGRP antagonist CGRP8-37 significantly blocked L5Tx-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. In vitro, CGRP induced glial IL-6 and CCL2 production, and CD40 stimulation added to the effects of CGRP in neonatal glia. Further, there was decreased CCL2 production in CD40 KO mice compared to WT mice 21 days post-L5Tx. However, CGRP8-37 did not significantly affect spinal cord CCL2 production following L5Tx in WT mice. Altogether, these data suggest that CD40 contributes to the maintenance of behavioral hypersensitivity following peripheral nerve injury in part through two distinct pathways, the enhancement of CGRP expression and spinal cord CCL2 production.
Critical appraisal of the provisional DSM-5 criteria for anorexia nervosa and an alternative proposal (2010)

DSM-V will be highly influential in shaping conceptions and perceptions of eating disorders by the lay public, patients, and health care providers over the next 10-15 years. DSM not only influences how medical and mental health care professionals diagnose and treat patients but also impacts health insurance policies, research funding, and clinical trials. Revisions to diagnostic criteria must be carefully considered, empirically based, and consistent with current thinking both within the field and across relevant fields. Resultant criteria should be descriptive and non-judgmental and based on empirical findings without recourse to assumed etiologies. In this forum, we review problems with the current DSM IV diagnostic criteria, concerns with the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, and present an alternative classification scheme for anorexia nervosa (AN), which more accurately captures the phenomenology of the disorder and is congruent in terminology with other fields of biomedicine.
Rhizofiltration: The Use of Plants to Remove Heavy Metals from Aqueous Streams (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRhizofiltration: The Use of Plants to Remove Heavy Metals from Aqueous StreamsViatcheslav. Dushenkov, P. B. A. Nanda. Kumar, Harry. Motto, and Ilya. RaskinCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 5, 1239–1245Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00005a015https://doi.org/10.1021/es00005a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3435Altmetric-Citations532LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Near‐Infrared Photoregulated Drug Release in Living Tumor Tissue via Yolk‐Shell Upconversion Nanocages (2013)

Phototrigger‐controlled drug‐release devices (PDDs) can be conveniently manipulated by light to obtain on‐demand release patterns, thereby affording an improved therapeutic efficacy. However, no example of the PDDs has been demonstrated beyond the cellular level to date. By loading 7‐amino‐coumarin derivative caged anticancer drug chlorambucil to yolk–shell structured nanocages possessing upconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs) as moveable core and silica as mesoporous shell, a near‐infrared (NIR)‐regulated PDD is successfully created. In vitro experiments demonstrate that drug release from the PDD could be triggered by continuous‐wave 980 nm light in a controlled pattern. The PDD could be taken up by cancer cells and release the drug to kill cancer cells upon NIR irradiation. Further in vivo studies demonstrate that the PDD can effectively response the NIR stimuli in living tissue. This is the first example of successful NIR‐regulated drug release in living animal model. Such achievement resolves the problem of low tissue penetration depth for traditional PDDs by adopting UCNPs as an NIR light switcher, which gives impetus to practical applications.
Phylogenetic analysis of influenza A viruses of H9 haemagglutinin subtype (2000)

A 380 nucleotide region (bases 613 to 992) of the HA1 part of the haemagglutinin (H) gene was obtained for 35 influenza viruses of H9 subtype isolated from around the world over the past 33 years. These were analyzed phylogenetically and compared with sequences from 19 H9 subtype viruses available in the Genbank database. These viruses do not show such clear geographical lineages as other subtypes (i.e. H5 or H7) and there is a high degree of variation at the cleavage site of the haemagglutinin. Genetically distinct lineages of H9 viruses have circulated contemporaneously in different locations. Thus, it is likely that the numerous infections of poultry and other birds with H9 subtype influenza viruses during the 1990s originate from separate introductions from feral birds. The observed heterogeneity of these viruses may reflect the gene pool for H9 viruses, which is maintained in shorebirds and gulls (Charadriiformes).
Reversal of Tetracycline Resistance Mediated by Different Bacterial Tetracycline Resistance Determinants by an Inhibitor of the Tet(B) Antiport Protein (1999)

Active efflux is a useful strategy by which bacteria evade growth inhibition by antibiotics. Certain semisynthetic tetracycline (TC) analogs, substituted at the 13th carbon at C-6 on ring C of the TC molecule, blocked TC efflux as revealed in everted membrane vesicles from class B TC-resistant (Tcr) Escherichia coli (M. L. Nelson, B. H. Park, J. S. Andrews, V. A. Georgian, R. C. Thomas, and S. B. Levy, J. Med. Chem. 36:370-377, 1993). A representative C-13-substituted analog, 13-cyclopentylthio-5-OH-TC (13-CPTC), was shown to competitively inhibit TC translocation by the Tet(B) protein, blocking the uptake of TC into vesicles and therefore the efflux of TC from whole cells. Against Tcr E. coli, 13-CPTC, when used in combination with doxycycline, produced synergistic inhibition of growth. 13-CPTC was shown to increase the uptake of [3H]TC into the resistant cells. 13-CPTC alone was a potent growth inhibitor against TC-susceptible (Tcs) and Tcr Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci specifying class K or class L efflux-dependent TC resistance mechanisms or, unexpectedly, the class M ribosomal protection mechanism. These findings indicate that derivatives of TC, identified by their ability to block the Tet(B) efflux protein, can restore TC activity against Tcr bacteria bearing either of the two known resistance mechanisms. Blocking drug efflux and increasing intracellular drug concentrations constitute an effective approach to reversing TC resistance and may be generally applicable to other antibiotics rendered ineffective by efflux proteins.
Failure Monitoring and Asset Condition Assessment in Water Supply Systems (2005)

In this thesis, different aspects of failure management in urban water supply systems are discussed. As assets are getting older, the number of pipe failures is increasing and an efficient failure management strategy becomes important. Two types of failure management strategies can be applied: proactive asset condition assessment and reactive failure detection and location. Currently available condition assessment techniques cannot be extensively applied in water supply systems due to high cost and slow speed of inspection. Existing failure detection and location approaches do not allow for quick reaction to failures. Automatic failure monitoring and systematic asset condition assessment methods are presented in this thesis. Due to the different topology and hydraulic characteristics of the transmission (pipelines) and distribution (network) components of a water supply system, separate failure detection and location techniques are proposed. For both pipeline and network cases, two types of failures are considered - sudden pipe ruptures and breaks that develop over a longer period of time. For the pipeline case, a periodical leak diagnosis system based on transient response difference monitoring, is presented together with a burst monitoring, detection and location system, which is designed for rapid reaction to sudden pipeline ruptures. A single continuous pressure monitoring station is sufficient to detect and locate a failure along the whole length of a pipeline. For the network case, two continuous failure monitoring approaches are developed, which are based on steady-state (first method) and unsteady-state (second method) analysis. Continuous monitoring of the pressure is performed at a number of locations within the network. The optimal placement of pressure monitoring stations, limits of burst sizes that will be detected, uncertainty of the results and implementation aspects are discussed for both approaches. A transient-analysis-based low-cost, long-range nondestructive pipe condition assessment technique is presented that can be used as a proactive failure management tool and for rehabilitation planning in water transmission pipelines. A comparative evaluation of different pipeline sections can be made and critical sections with a high degree of deterioration can be identified. Finally, a transient-based methodology is presented, which is designed to test the seal quality of inline valves that are used to isolate pipe failures. The techniques presented in this thesis contribute to different points in the pipe asset management cycle and can improve reliability, availability, safety and efficiency of the urban water supply.
Infrared refractive index measurements using a new method (2000)

A complete independent method is used to measure the infrared refractive index of sapphire as a function of temperature and frequency. The technique combines single frequency and broadband measurements. The refractive index at the wavelength 3.39 (mu) m is measured using prism and the minimum deviation method. A laser interferometer and an etalon of the material are then used to measure the thermo-optic coefficient. A broadband FTIR spectrometer is used to measure the transmittance spectrum of the etalon and then a fringe counting method is applied to obtain the frequency dependent refractive index. The technique is applied to sapphire over the temperature range from 10K to 1000K and wavelength range from 1 to 5 (mu) m. High accuracy is demonstrated. The errors of this experimental approach are analyzed.
Heterogeneous Mini-rank: Adaptive, Power-Efficient Memory Architecture (2010)

Memory power consumption has become a big concern in server platforms. A recently proposed mini-rank architecture reduces the memory power consumption by breaking each DRAM rank into multiple narrow mini-ranks and activating fewer devices for each request. However, its fixed and uniform configuration may degrade performance significantly or lose power saving opportunities on some workloads. We propose a heterogeneous mini-rank design that sets the near-optimal configuration for each workload based on its memory access behavior and its memory bandwidth requirement. Compared with the original, homogeneous mini-rank design, the heterogeneous mini-rank design can balance between the performance and power saving and avoid large performance loss. For instance, for multiprogramming workloads with SPEC2000 application running on a quad-core system with two-channel DDR3-1066 memory, on average, the heterogeneous mini-rank can reduce the memory power by 53.1% (up to 60.8%) with the performance loss of 4.6% (up to 11.1%), compared with a conventional memory system. In comparison, the x32 homogeneous mini-rank can only save memory power by up to 29.8%; and the x8 homogeneous mini-rank will cause performance loss by up to 22.8%. Compared with x16 homogeneous mini-rank configuration, it can further reduce the EDP (energy-delay product) by up to 15.5% (10.0% on average).
A massively parallel systolic array processor system (2003)

The design of a massively parallel processor, comprised of 2304-bit-serial processor elements arranged in a 48 by 48 systolic array, is described. The system consists of the processor array, a microstore controller, and a host computer interface. Program development tools are available on the host computer. The processor array uses 32 NCR GAPP (Geometric Arithmetic Parallel Processor) microprocessor chips, while the microstore controller is implemented with a TMS32010 DSP chip and TTL (transistor-transistor logic) circuitry. Utilizing the nearest neighbor communication capabilities of the GAPP, the array receives data from the host at the south end of the array, outputs data to the host at the north edge of the array, and can wrap data between either the east and west or north and south edges. The array can also be configured as a linear array of 2304 processor elements. The microstore controller interfaces with the host and facilitates downloading of GAPP array machine code, provides for the debugging and monitoring of GAPP array execution from the host, and implements user-defined instructions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integrated Hydrogen and Power Production with CO<sub>2</sub> Capture Using Chemical-Looping ReformingRedox Reactivity of Particles of CuO, Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, NiO, and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Using SiO<sub>2</sub> as a Support (2005)

A concept for combined hydrogen and power production from natural gas with CO2 capture is presented. The process involves the use of a metal oxide in fluidized bed reactors; the metal oxide is reduced by a mixture of natural gas and steam in a fuel reactor and oxidized by air in the air reactor. The natural gas is partially oxidized in the fuel reactor, resulting in a mixture of CO2, H2, H2O, and CO from the exit. If no hydrocarbons are present in this stream, it can be sent to a water gas shift reactor to get an undiluted stream of CO2 and H2. The product stream from the air reactor contains mostly N2 and some unreacted oxygen. The oxidation reaction is exothermic with resulting heat production in the air reactor; this heat is used to maintain the oxygen carrier particles at the high temperature necessary for the endothermic reaction in the fuel reactor. The hot gases from the air reactor could be used for power production. Metal oxides of Ni, Cu, Mn, and Fe were prepared by impregnation on a SiO2 support and tested in a laboratory fluidized bed reactor using alternating gas flows of CH4/H2O and O2. Among the investigated metal oxides, NiO and CuO showed the highest reduction reactivity in comparison with Mn2O3 and Fe2O3. However, only NiO/SiO2 showed high selectivity toward H2 during the later stages of reduction, while the other metal oxides had large amounts of unreacted CH4 at the exit of the reactor. The reaction rates decreased as a function of the cycle for Ni, Mn, and Fe at high temperatures. This is likely due to the formation of irreversible metal silicates, which do not react at a sufficient rate. Of the investigated carriers, NiO seems to be the most feasible oxygen carrier to be used in the process, although temperatures exceeding 800 °C should be avoided.
Magnetohydrodynamic flows and turbulence: a report on the Third Beer-Sheva Seminar (1981)

This paper is a summary of the Third Beer-Sheva Seminar on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows and turbulence, held in Israel in March 1981 with 67 participants from 9 countries. Reviews and research papers were presented on fundamental MHD and turbulence studies, both theoretical and experimental, including two-phase phenomena, and on applications of MHD to electrical generation (especially in two-phase systems), electromagnetic pumps, flow-couplers and flowmeters, thermonuclear fusion and a range of metallurgical problems, many involving free surfaces.
Directional cloning of blunt-ended PCR products. (1993)

A method that allows the directional cloning of blunt-ended polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments is described. One PCR primer must be 5' phosphorylated. Extra bases are not required on either PCR primer. A linearized vector is enzymatically processed to contain a single 5'-terminal phosphate. The monophosphorylated vector is amenable to recombinant-insertion during ligation when the fragment is in the correct orientation. Increased recombinant yield results from incubating the monophosphorylated vector with a restriction enzyme (SrfI) that relinearizes nonrecombinant plasmids during the ligation reaction.
Parallel-Coupled Square-Resonator Micromechanical Filter Arrays (2006)

Large, parallel-coupled arrays of micromechanical square resonators have been demonstrated, greatly reducing the equivalent impedance of the aggregate resonator by up to a factor of 30 in an array of 30 strongly-coupled devices while retaining quality factors approaching 10,000. In addition, multiple strong-coupled arrays have been weakly coupled via mechanical linkage in order to form a 10.7MHz IF filter, such as would be required in a heterodyning FM radio system, with greatly reduced matching impedance requirements
Starch-based microspheres produced by emulsion crosslinking with a potential media dependent responsive behavior to be used as drug delivery carriers (2006)

This paper describes the development and characterization of starch microspheres for being used as drug delivery carriers in tissue engineering applications. The developed starch microspheres can be further loaded with specific growth factors and immobilized in scaffolds, or administrated separately with scaffolds. Furthermore and due to the processing conditions used, it is expected that these microspheres can be also used to encapsulate living cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this methodology for further studies with biologically active agents or living cells. The starch microspheres were prepared using an emulsion crosslinking technique at room temperature to allow for the loading of biologically active agents. A preliminary study was performed to evaluate the incorporation of a model drug (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-NSAID) and investigate its release profile as function of changes in the medium parameters, such as ionic strength and pH. The developed starch-based drug delivery system has shown to be dependent on the ionic strength of the release medium. From preliminary results, the release seems to be pH-dependent due to the drug solubility. It was found that the developed microspheres and the respective processing route are appropriate for further studies. In fact, and based in the processing conditions and characterization, the developed system present a potential for the loading of different growth factors or even living cells on future studies with these systems for improving bone regeneration in tissue engineering, especially because the crosslinking reaction of the microspheres takes place at room temperature.