gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Fractal transform network in digital image content analysis</title> (1995)

The fractal transform is a recently developed tool for image analysis and pattern recognition. Problems relating to pixel based image resolution are highlighted. The fractal transform is outlined and shown to be a solution to pixel based image resolution related problems. MatchMaker, a technique based on fractal transform analysis is analyzed and its ability to find objects in complex scenes is confirmed. A new neural network paradigm, called the fractal transform network, is described. Built from neural network elements commonly described in the classic neural network literature, it is shown that this new paradigm can implement the MatchMaker technique and other fractal transform processes as highly parallel networks.
Unsupervised Cross-Domain Learning by Interaction Information Co-clustering (2008)

In real-world data mining applications, one often has access to multiple datasets that are relevant to the task at hand. However, learning from such datasets can be difficult as they are often drawn from different domains, i.e., not identically distributed or differ in class or feature sets. In this paper, we consider the problem of learning the class structures %, unique and shared, of related domains in an unsupervised manner. Its setting generalizes that of information filtering and novelty detection applications which addresses both known and unknown classes. We propose a co-clustering framework for estimating and adapting the class structures of two related domains, {enabling the analyses of shared and unique classes.} We define an objective function using interaction information to take account of the divergence between the corresponding clusters of respective domains. We present an iterative algorithm which alternates object and feature clustering and converges to a local minimum of the objective function. We present empirical results using text benchmarks, comparing the proposed algorithm and combinations of conventional approaches in problems of partitioning documents and detecting unknown topics.
Homogeneity of Antibody Responses in Tuberculosis Patients (2001)

The goals of the present study were twofold: (i) to compare the repertoires of antigens in culture filtrates of in vitro-grown Mycobacterium tuberculosis that are recognized by antibodies from noncavitary and cavitary tuberculosis (TB) patients and (ii) to determine the extent of variation that exists between the antigen profiles recognized by individual TB patients. Lipoarabinomannan-free culture filtrate proteins of M. tuberculosis were fractionated by one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the Western blots were probed with sera from non-human immunodeficiency virus (non-HIV)-infected cavitary and noncavitary TB patients and from HIV-infected, noncavitary TB patients. In contrast to earlier studies based on recombinant antigens of M. tuberculosis which suggested that antibody responses in TB patients were heterogeneous (K. Lyashchenko et al., 1998, Infect. Immun. 66:3936-3940, 1998), our studies with native culture filtrate proteins show that the antibody responses in TB patients show significant homogeneity in being directed against a well-defined subset of antigens. Thus, there is a well-defined subset of culture filtrate antigens that elicits antibodies during noncavitary and cavitary disease. In addition, another set of antigens is recognized primarily by cavitary TB patients. The mapping with individual patient sera presented here suggests that serodiagnostic tests based on the subset of antigens recognized during both noncavitary and cavitary TB will enhance the sensitivity of antibody detection in TB patients, especially in difficult-to-diagnose, smear-negative, noncavitary TB patients.
Clopidogrel pathway (2010)

Departments of aGenetics bBioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA Correspondence to Teri E. Klein, PhD, Department of Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr. Lane L301, Mail Code: 5120, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA Tel: +1 650 725 0659; fax: +1 650 725 3863; e-mail: [email protected] Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.pharmacogeneticsandgenomics.com). Received 5 November 2009 Accepted 4 February 2010
A dual-wavelength source with monolithically integrated electroabsorption modulators and Y-junction coupler by selective-area MOCVD (1997)

Three-step selective-area metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is used to fabricate a dual wavelength InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs quantum well laser source with integrated electroabsorption modulators and a passive Y-junction coupler. Threshold current values of 9.5 and 10.1 mA are obtained for two distinct wavelength sources operating continuous-wave (CW) coupled into the same output waveguide.
Mean/Variance Analysis of Currency Overlays (1994)

Global investors are now paying more attention to the management of the currency risks of their portfolios. Some have started to delegate currency management to managers. These managers use currency futures and forwards to minimize the risks or maximize the returns of the underlying asset portfolios. The overlay structure is inherently suboptimal because it ignores interactions between the assets in the underlying portfolio and exchange rates. Based on historical data, the efficiency loss appears to be on the order of 40 basis points for equity portfolios. This loss, of course, must be balanced against any excess returns that may be generated by specialized overlay managers. Simulated results over the 1978-91 period indicate that overlay management can add value to global equity and bond portfolios. It cannot enhance performance by as much as an integrated approach to currency management, however.
Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy Using the Temporary Expander (1982)

Breast reconstruction after a radical mastectomy using the temporary subcutaneous tissue expander is described. The main principle of this method is recovery of the amount of lost tissue through expansion of the remaining chest skin to large proportions and filling of the breast envelope with a smaller permanent mammary implant. Sixty-eight patients were reconstructed with an average follow-up of 18 months. Average expansion time for breast development was 6 weeks, with an average reconstructed breast size of 300 to 400 cc. Contralateral round dermal mastopexy with simultaneous nipple enlargement, contralateral subcutaneous mastectomy through a similar round dermal mastopexy, and reconstruction of the nipple are discussed.
A carrier injection type optical switch in GaAs using free carrier plasma dispersion with wavelength range from 1.06 to 1.55 mu m (1989)

The switching current for the device is about 90 mA at all in-range wavelengths. Its broad wavelength range is suitable for optical signal-processing applications in wavelength-division multiplexing transmission systems. High coupling efficiency to a single-mode fiber is achieved by using a small- Delta waveguide structure with carrier blocking layers. The effective refractive index change in the waveguide per unit of the injected current density is doubled by the carrier blocking layers without reducing coupling efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<b>A New Method for the Alkylation of Ketones and Aldehydes: the C-Alkylation of the Magnesium Salts of N-Substituted Imines</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Method for the Alkylation of Ketones and Aldehydes: the C-Alkylation of the Magnesium Salts of N-Substituted IminesGilbert. Stork and Susan R. DowdCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 14, 2178–2180Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00897a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00897a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4013Altmetric-Citations250LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sensor fusion for GNSS denied navigation (2008)

We present technologies that are being developed to address the need for a navigation solution in the absence of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) measurements. The navigation system uses sensors such as vision systems, RADARS and LIDARS with feature extraction, matching and motion estimation algorithms. We present experimental results of using scale invariant feature transform, speeded up robust features, and modified Harris feature extraction algorithms and compare the performance. We also present methods to extract lines and planes that can aid in navigation. For motion estimation we present results for visual odometry as well as simultaneous localization and mapping navigation. We experimentally verify the algorithms in both a realtime Linux framework as well as offline. We also present ongoing work in vision integrated navigation in an attitude and heading reference system as well as an extended Kalman filter framework. All the methods we present in this paper are incremental navigation methods.
Personal electronics, personal agents (1996)

The world is fast becoming a giant heterogeneous information system in which personal electronics products (including PDAs, PCs, set-top-boxes, etc.) play a key role. The vast number and diversity of the components and uses of the system necessitates a decentralised, emergent organisation. The agent metaphor offers an attractive route to achieving such an organisation. I outline the role of agent software in personal electronics in mediating between the individual user and the available services. I also discuss various standardisation and interoperability issues affecting the practicality of agents in this role.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of N‐(1,2‐Diarylethylidene)arylamines. (2013)

Abstract An efficient enantioselective hydrosilylation reaction for the synthesis of various substituted arylamines using a chiral Lewis base is shown.
The Importance of Polymorphism in Metal–Organic Framework Studies (2015)

Polymorphic phase transitions remain frequently undetected in routine metal-organic framework (MOF) studies; however, their discovery is of major importance in interpreting structure-property relationships. We herein report a reversible enantiotropic single-crystal to single-crystal polymorphic phase transition of a new microporous MOF [Eu(BDC)(NO3)(DMF)2]n (H2BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid; DMF = dimethylformamide). While modification 1LT at 170 K crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with unit cell dimensions of a = 17.673(2) Å, b = 20.023(2) Å, c = 10.555(9) Å, β = 90.129(4)°, modification 1HT at 290 K crystallizes in higher symmetry space group C2/c with unit cell dimensions of a = 17.200(7) Å, b = 10.737(4) Å, c = 10.684(4) Å, β = 90.136(2)°. This temperature-induced phase transition is accompanied by a small change in the solvent-accessible voids from 46.8 in 1LT to 49.8% in 1HT, which triggers a significant change in the adsorption properties as compared to a reported isostructural compound. Detailed investigations on the phase transition were studied with variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), powder X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The herein-presented investigations emphasize the importance of polymorphic phase transitions in routine MOF studies originating from low-temperature SCXRD data and high-temperature physical property characterizations in avoiding the use of a wrong structure in interpreting structure-property relationships.
End-to-end security for commercial PCS networks (2002)

The emergence of second and third generation commercial mobile telecommunications networks poses numerous technical challenges to maintain connectivity of existing COMSEC services, in particular STU-III (U.S. Government third generation secure terminal unit) services, for cellular and PCS users. This paper highlights the progress being made in the North American wireless standards forums to define common solutions for interoperable data services, which include STU-III end-to-end secure voice and data modes as part of the commercial link offerings. The issues associated with the evolution from analog to digital mobile networks and the implications for existing secure applications are discussed. We then point out the importance of the secure wireless activities as it is expected that PCS, digital cellular, and mobile satellite services will become part of the common infrastructures for COMSEC over commercial and military networks.
Activation of human melanoma reactive CD8+ T cells by vaccination with an immunogenic peptide analog derived from Melan-A/melanoma antigen recognized by T cells-1. (2003)

Patient immunization with the analog peptide leads to in vivo activation of T cells that were specific for the natural tumor antigen, demonstrating the usefulness of the analog peptide for melanoma immunotherapy.
[Clinical use of photodynamic therapy in gynecologic tumor patients--antibody-targeted photodynamic laser therapy as a new oncologic treatment procedure]. (1992)

The clinical report addresses the first application of a antibody-targeted photodynamic laser therapy with Phthalocyanines. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proposed as a further treatment modality in oncology. The concept of PDT is based on the interaction between a dye which is accumulated in the target and laserlight. The phototoxic effect is achieved by the augmentation of oxygen radicals. The improvement of the selectivity and the reduction of side-effects is achieved by our concept of using an antibody-targeted phthalocyane induced PDT. The clinical application of the antibody-targeted Phthalocyanine was performed in 3 patients suffering from an advanced ovarian carcinoma (FIGO III). By means of an ultramicroscopical analysis a selective devitalisation of tumor cells was demonstrated. The perspective of PDT reaches far beyond the application for the ovarian carcinomas and relates to all tumor types, where the presence of tumor-associated antigens implicates a treatment in a similar way.
The melanophore aggregating response of isolated fish scales: a very rapid and sensitive diagnosis of whooping cough (1991)

Pertussis toxin (PT) has been found to block noradrenaline-induced pigment aggregation in fish melanophores [1], and, based on this, a rapid and highly sensitive assay for PT was developed [2]. Some preliminary results have also indicated that it may be possible to detect PT-like activity in saliva samples from patients with clinically suspected pertussis. In the present study the diagnostic value of the fish melanophore method was evaluated in 70 patients suspected of having pertussis; culture, serology and physician diagnosis were used as reference methods. In 60 of the patients, pertussis was verified by at least one of the reference methods. The melanophore test showed PT-like activity in saliva samples from 58 of the patients. Three patients with reference-verified pertussis showed no PT-like activity in the test; among these, one patient had been immunized and had also been treated with erythromycin during 3 days immediately prior to visiting the hospital. The melanophore test has three major advantages: it allows detection of pertussis in the early and curable stage of the disease; it takes only 2 h to perform; and it requires no sophisticated equipment.
A-15 structure Mo–Re superconductor (1972)

An investigation of the properties of Mo–Re thin films has been undertaken. Superconducting transition temperatures of up to ∼15°K have been observed in films which have an approximate composition of Mo0.7Re0.3. This increase in Tc of 2–3°K over the corresponding bulk values is attributed to the formation of a metastable A-15 phase in the sputtered films of this composition.
An optimized soft shadow volume algorithm with real-time performance (2003)

In this paper, we present several optimizations to our previously presented soft shadow volume algorithm. Our optimizations include tighter wedges, heavily optimized pixel shader code for both rectangular and spherical light sources, a frame buffer blending technique to overcome the limitation of 8-bit frame buffers, and a simple culling algorithm. These together give real-time performance, and for simple models we get frame rates of over 150 fps. For more complex models 50 fps is normal. In addition to optimizations, two simple techniques for improving the visual quality are also presented.
Synthesis of <sup>13</sup>C single and double labelled retinals, precursors for NMR studies of visual pigments and related systems (1985)

Abstract The synthesis of retinals enriched with 13 C at positions 11, 13, 14, 15, 12&20, 13&14, and 14&15 in high isomeric purity is reported. The importance of these retinals in studying the structure and properties of rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin by 13 C NMR spectroscopy is briefly described.
Numerical Assessment of Specific Absorption Rate in the Human Body Caused by NFC Devices (2010)

The Near field communication technology (NFC) is applied for transferring data over short distances by maintaining an inductive coupling of the transmitter and the receiver at 13.56 MHz. The relatively high magnetic field strength in the immediate surrounding of NFC devices give rise to the question about the local personal exposure of the user holding such a device in the hand or close to the body. In the present paper personal exposure in terms of the maximum 10g-averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) while using NFC was estimated for different scenarios using MRI-based anatomically correct body models. The simulations were performed with the method of Finite Differences in Time Domain (FDTD). The numerical models of the considered NFC devices were validated by SAR measurements using a simplified homogeneous body phantom and acceptable agreement between measurements and simulations was achieved. Several exposure scenarios with a cell phone comprising NFC functionality and a stationary NFC reader were investigated considering two different body models (male 34 years, male 14 years). The results showed maximum 10g-averaged SAR-values more than two orders of magnitude below the basic restriction recommended by the International Commission for Non Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The absolute maximum value of the maximum 10g-averaged SAR found in the considered scenarios was 11.18 mW/kg. Therefore, it can be concluded that personal exposure due to NFC devices typically cause SAR levels far below the basic restrictions of safety guidelines.
Mobility (2016)

Abstract This entry outlines the various dimensions of mobility and mobility research. It starts by outlining the defining factors of mobility and then traces the major dimensions of this area of study. There is a particular focus on how different concepts of mobility help us to understand the social situation of the individual. The article then examines several topics that are of particular interest to mobilities researchers. These include the issues of temporality, social networks, privacy, power, tourism, and migration/diasporas, and finally the coming role of intelligent transportation systems.
Broadband RCS reduction of rectangular patch by using distributed loading (1992)

A scheme is presented for reducing the RCS of patch antennas outside their operational band without compromising gain performance. This is achieved by placing a narrow resistive strip (distributed loading) around the periphery of the patch which has minimal effect at the operational frequency of the patch. Results are presented using a finite element-boundary integral code demonstrating the effectiveness of this scheme over the traditional method of using lumped loads.
Transmitting TLM transactions over analogue wire models (2010)

Nowadays digital systems have very high switching frequencies. Hence analogue effects can have a serious impact on data transmissions of connected modules in System-on-Chip (SoC) designs. The implications include attenuation, delay, and others which have to be considered as important effects. However, analogue technology models comprise too many details to be usable at system level as the simulation time would be far to high compared to traditional Transaction Level Modelling (TLM) models. In this paper we illustrate different aspects of using analogue line models as a transmission method for transactions between TLM models. This includes the introduction of analogue signal paths for TLM models and how to avoid the simulation time penalty of analogue technology models. We show how we can even use this approach to apply analogue effects to electronic system level (ESL) performance evaluations by further reducing the amount of details of the analogue effects.
Heavy Crude Oil Upgrading: Jazmin Crude (2013)

The Jazmin crude oil is located at the heart of Middle Magdalena in Colombia. It is heavy and sour crude oil with 43 wt.% of vacuum bottoms. It cannot be processed at the conventional refinery without being mixed with other lighter crudes, and should be upgraded to produce synthetic crude with higher concentration of distillates and lower acidity and carbon content. In this paper eight upgrading alternatives are presented. The alternatives include the processing of the crude, reduced crude and vacuum bottoms of the Jazmin crude oil using the following technologies: Distillation, solvent deasphalting, visbreaking, Delayed Coking, and Hydrotreating. The experiments were conducted at pilot scale, and there were used standard analysis techniques such as ASTM. In this study it was found that Jazmine crude oil and its heavy components produce high distillate yields when they were processed with thermal conversion processes. In addition those processes reduce the products acidity. Within the analyzed scheme the one corresponding to the visbreaking of the crude oil and the Delayed Coking of the vacuum bottoms from the visbreaking is perhaps the most attractive, giving 5.9 wt.% of gas, 78.2 wt.% of distillates and 15.9 wt.% of coke.