gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Alkenylation Reactions of 8‐Methylquinolines with Alkynes by C(sp<sup>3</sup>)H Activation (2014)

Abstract The alkenylation reactions of 8‐methylquinolines with alkynes, catalyzed by [{Cp*RhCl 2 } 2 ], proceeds efficiently to give 8‐allylquinolines in good yields by C(sp 3 )H bond activation. These reactions are highly regio‐ and stereoselective. A catalytically competent five‐membered rhodacycle has been structurally characterized, thus revealing a key intermediate in the catalytic cycle.
Template-directed synthesis of bi-functionalized organo-MCM-41 and phenyl-MCM-48 silica mesophases (1999)

Template-directed co-condensation was used to synthesize organo-functionalized MCM-41 silica hexagonal mesophases containing binary combinations of covalently linked phenyl and amino, thiol or allyl moieties; similar methods were used to prepare a phenyl-functionalized organo-MCM-48 silica with cubic structure.
Process scheme for removing buffer layer on multilayer for EUVL mask (2000)

In the fabrication of masks for EUVL, a combination of dry and wet etching was used to remove the SiO<SUB>2</SUB> buffer layer. This technique greatly improves the pattern quality, yielding re-entrant shaped mask patterns with a steep SiO<SUB>2</SUB> sidewall. Under proper conditions, etching results in the base of the sidewall being recessed around 5 nm from the edge of the Ta pattern. The strength of hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution was set to 3.3 percent to allow good control of the etching rate. A combination of dry and wet etching is an effective way to remove the SiO<SUB>2</SUB> buffer layer because it can compensate for a variation of as much as 7.6 percent in the thickness of the SiO<SUB>2</SUB> film before etching.
THE DISAPPEARANCE OF THYMINE DIMERS FROM DNA: AN ERROR-CORRECTING MECHANISM (1964)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
<title>LV motion estimation based on the integration of continuum mechanics and estimation theory</title> (1999)

This paper presents a scheme based on the integration of continuum mechanics and estimation theory to characterize the complex nonrigid motion of the left ventricle (LV) over a sequence of 3D images. The proposed scheme is implemented in a hierarchical fashion so that both the global and local motion and deformation can be analyzed. First, global motion and deformation are analyzed and compensated by applying the 'Chen surface' modeling. Parametric representation of left ventricle surfaces are also obtained based on the segmented 3D images. Then, we develop a local motion estimation model assuming that thin slice of endocardium surface can be considered as an incompressible medium and can be characterized by the constraint of incompressibility derived from continuum mechanics. This constraint of continuum mechanics is integrated with the correlation functions derived from the estimation theory. The correlation functions are computed from the original intensity images and can be used to measure confidence of the estimation. An overall objective function can therefore be constructed as the weighted sum of the incompressibility and a motion discontinuity-preserving smoothness constraint with the corresponding correlation functions. The optimal estimation of the local deformation is obtained by minimizing this objective function. Since the proposed scheme is based on a physics model, the results are therefore more consistent with the heart function. This integrated scheme allows the point correspondences to depart slightly from the manually segmented surfaces in the region of strong uncertainty. The proposed scheme is able to generate consistent 3D motion vectors for a sequence of cardiac images. Three-dimensional visualization of the displacements is also investigated.
Development and Application of a Compact, Tunable, Solid-State Airborne Ozone Lidar System for Boundary Layer Profiling (2011)

Abstract The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory/Chemical Sciences Division (NOAA/ESRL/CSD) has developed a versatile, airborne lidar system for measuring ozone and aerosols in the boundary layer and lower free troposphere. The Tunable Optical Profiler for Aerosol and Ozone (TOPAZ) lidar was deployed aboard a NOAA Twin Otter aircraft during the Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS 2006) and the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex 2010) field campaigns. TOPAZ is capable of measuring ozone concentrations in the lower troposphere with uncertainties of several parts per billion by volume at 90-m vertical and 600-m horizontal resolution from an aircraft flying at 60 m s−1. The system also provides uncalibrated aerosol backscatter profiles at 18-m vertical and 600-m horizontal resolution. TOPAZ incorporates state-of-the-art technologies, including a cerium-doped lithium calcium aluminum fluoride (Ce:LiCAF) laser, to make it compact and lightweight with low power consumption. The tunable, three-wavelength UV laser source makes it possible to optimize the wavelengths for differing atmospheric conditions, reduce the interference from other atmospheric constituents, and implement advanced analysis techniques. This paper describes the TOPAZ lidar, its components and performance during testing and field operation, and the data analysis procedure, including a discussion of error sources. The performance characteristics are illustrated through a comparison between TOPAZ and an ozonesonde launched during the TexAQS 2006 field campaign. A more comprehensive set of comparisons with in situ measurements during TexAQS 2006 and an assessment of the TOPAZ accuracy and precision are presented in a companion paper.
Molecular Diagnosis and Characterization of Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndromes (1991)

The genetic basis of generalized resistance to thyroid hormones (GRTH) is now well understood. In the majority of patients, diverse mutations in the T3-binding domain of the c-erbA beta thyroid hormone receptor gene result in variable clinical presentations. These mutations are dominant negative in that the mutant receptors inhibit the function of normal beta-receptor (from one allele) and normal alpha-receptor (from two alleles). Several mutant c-erbA beta receptors have been cloned and synthesized in vitro; these receptors display a wide range of T3-binding affinities from only a two-fold reduction to no detectable T3-binding activity. Recent transfection studies with T3-regulated reporter genes and these mutant receptors have confirmed the dominant negative function of the mutations in patients with GRTH. Two unique patients, the Refetoff and Bercu patients, display the clinical (phenotypic) results of total absence of beta-receptor and homozygous expression of a dominant negative mutant beta-receptor, respectively. Further clinical and molecular studies of GRTH should lead to greater insights of the nature of thyroid hormone action in man.
Rotational mini-actuator activated by two antagonist shape memory alloy wires (2010)

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are commonly used in the actuator field especially because of their aptitude in recovering a predeterminated shape after a heating/cooling cycle. This shape recovery introduces a mechanical work that can be used to produce rotational or linear movement of a modular actuator. In this work we present a new mini-modular-mechanical rotary actuator activated by two SMA wires having a new original shape. A thermo-mechanical characterization both of the SMA wire and of the modular mini-actuator is presented. A comparison between our mini-actuator and the commercial and the published ones is presented as well.
High resolution full spherical videos (2005)

We describe algorithms for authoring and viewing high-resolution immersive videos. Given a set of cameras designed to be aligned more or less at the same nodal point, we first present a process for stitching seamlessly synchronized streams of videos into a single immersive video corresponding to the video of the abstract multi-head camera. We describe a general registration technique on to geometric envelopes based on minimizing a novel appropriate objective function, and detail our compounded image synthesis algorithm of multi-head cameras. Several new environment maps with low discrepancy are presented. Finally, we give details of the viewer implementation. Experimental results on both real and synthetic immersive videos are shown.
New Developments for Robert – Assisting Novice Users Even Better in DIY Projects (2020)

Do-It-Yourself (DIY) home improvement projects require a combination of specific knowledge and practical abilities. Novice users often lack both and thus tend to fail or be frightful of performing DIY projects – even though they would like to. By providing suitable and individualised assistance in the form of step-by-step instructions, the assistant Robert allows even novice users to successfully complete their DIY projects. Simultaneously, Robert allows its users to learn how to perform these steps themselves and thus enables them to become more independent in the future. In this paper, we report on the latest progress with Robert. Compared to earlier versions, Robert is now able to adaptively change its instructions based on the wishes and preferences of the user. Further, Robert is now able to use connected tools – i.e. tools that are able to sense and communicate their status – to check whether the user is performing the project's steps correctly and to provide further assistance in the case of failure. Lastly, we present the results of an empirical study conducted to show Robert's effectiveness.
Interaction between Aging and Syndrome X: New Insights on the Pathophysiology of Fat Distribution (1999)

Increased fat mass (FM), and in particular a specific increase in visceral fat (VF), may account for the age-associated decrease in insulin action and the development of Syndrome X. Utilizing chronic caloric restriction (CR) with aging in a rodent model, we dissociated the effects of VF and FM, and demonstrated that the decrease in VF accumulation was sufficient to prevent the marked decrease in hepatic insulin action. This suggests that the typical increase in VF with aging, rather than aging per se, determines hepatic insulin resistance. To directly assess the role of VF, we studied rats after surgical removal of VF or sham operation. Surgical extraction of VF (which accounts for approximately 10% of total fat) improved hepatic insulin action by more than twofold. We studied the role of fat-derived peptides in the regulation of body composition and insulin action. While VF extraction resulted in decreased gene expression for leptin and TNF-alpha in the subcutaneous adipose, administration of leptin selectively decreased visceral fat (approximately 60%), and enhanced the action of insulin on inhibiting hepatic glucose production (approximately 80%). Thus, the cause-effect relationship between the age-related increase in VF and the decrease in hepatic insulin action may involve the failure of leptin to "cross talk" with other fat depots to regulate fat distribution.
Shear Stress Measurements on an Airfoil Surface Using Micro-Machined Sensors. (1997)

The motivation for this research was to obtain information on the separation characteristics associated with the phenomenon of stall. This separation data will ultimately be utilized as part of an optimum control system to reduce the negative effects associated with stall. Surface shear stress measurements were carried out using MEMS-based sensors on a two-dimensional wing with a Wortmann FX 63-137 airfoil section (chord Reynolds numbers ranged from 1×105 to 6×105). Computational airfoil performance from an airfoil analysis code was compared with the results of measurements. The wall shear stress distribution was measured by five micro hot-film sensors, which were flush mounted on the 2-D wing over the frontal 50% of the chord at various spanwise locations. Hysteresis characteristics were determined from time averaged and rms shear stress values as well as from airfoil performance curves.
The regulation of testicular function. (1983)

From this review it is evident that our understanding of the control of testicular function has advanced greatly over the past decade. Many of the advances have depended on techniques to isolate and study the function of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells. Although this knowledge has been essential, it is important to proceed cautiously in the extrapolation of this information to the in vivo situation. The likely interdependence of the two compartments of the testis in normal function highlights the need to consider the testis as a whole, and future studies must give cognizance to this concept. Furthermore, the importance of blood and lymphatic flow and the evidence of hormonal influences on the vasculature of the testis add yet another dimension to the in vivo function of this organ.
Traffic statistics in a self-organizing cellular telephone system (2002)

A novel family of techniques for assigning channels to calls in a cellular mobile telephone system based on real-time measurements of signal strength is introduced. A discussion of the behavior of the system using self-organizing techniques is presented. Results are presented for traffic distribution per channel, traffic distribution per cell site, mean time between handoffs, and mean signal-to-interference ratio. In each case, it is shown that the system behavior is progressive and degrades gracefully with increasing traffic; there is, for example, no threshold behavior in signal-to-interference ratio. This suggests that the concept can be introduced in stages as the traffic demand increases, without abrupt changes in system behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An estimation of parameters in an energy function used in a simulated annealing method (2003)

When a combinatorial optimization problem such as the traveling salesman problem is solved by a simulated annealing method, it is common to use an energy function that consists of two kinds of terms: a cost term which should be minimized and a constraint term which expresses constraints imposed on solutions. The author proposes a method for determining appropriate values of weights of constraint terms in the annealing process. If appropriate values of parameters expressing the weights of the constraint terms are not given, only solutions which do not satisfy all constraints, or high-cost solutions, can be found. A method is presented that leads to appropriate values of these parameters and finds an optimal solution in a systematic manner. The method was applied to 10-city traveling salesman problems, and the experiments showed the effectiveness of the method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions regulate expression of the metal‐transporting P‐type ATPase ZntA in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2000)

ZntA is a cation-translocating ATPase which exports from Escherichia coli Cd(II) and Pb(II), as well as Zn(II). The metal-dependent ATP hydrolysis activity of purified ZntA was recently characterised and showed a specificity for Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II). zntA expression has been reported to be up-regulated primarily by Zn(II), mediated by the regulatory protein ZntR, belonging to the MerR transcriptional regulator family. In contrast to previous claims, we now show, using a Phi(zntA-lacZ) monolysogen, that Cd(II) is the most effective inducer of zntA, which is also induced significantly by Pb(II). The Cd(II)- and Pb(II)-dependent transcriptional up-regulation of zntA is also mediated by ZntR.
Maize ROP2 GTPase Provides a Competitive Advantage to the Male Gametophyte (2003)

Rop GTPases have been implicated in the regulation of plant signal transduction and cell morphogenesis. To explore ROP2 function in maize, we isolated five Mutator transposon insertions (rop2::Mu alleles). Transmission frequency through the male gametophyte, but not the female, was lower than expected in three of the rop2::Mu mutants. These three alleles formed an allelic series on the basis of the relative transmission rate of each when crossed as trans-heterozygotes. A dramatic reduction in the level of ROP2-mRNA in pollen was associated with the three alleles causing a transmission defect, whereas a rop2::Mu allele that did not result in a defect had wild-type transcript levels, thus confirming that mutation of rop2 causes the mutant phenotype. These data strongly support a role for rop2 in male gametophyte function, perhaps surprisingly, given the expression in pollen of the nearly identical duplicate gene rop9. However, the transmission defect was apparent only when a rop2::Mu heterozygote was used as the pollen donor or when a mixture of wild-type and homozygous mutant pollen was used. Thus, mutant pollen is at a competitive disadvantage compared to wild-type pollen, although mutant pollen grains lacked an obvious cellular defect. Our data demonstrate the importance in vivo of a specific Rop, rop2, in the male gametophyte.
Purification and cDNA cloning of HeLa cell p54<sup>nrb</sup>, a nuclear protein with two RNA recognition motifs and extensive homology to human splicing factor PSF and<i>Drosophila</i>NONA/BJ6 (1993)

While searching for a human homolog of the S.cerevisiae splicing factor PRP18, we found a polypeptide that reacted strongly with antibodies against PRP18. We purified this polypeptide from HeLa cells using a Western blot assay, and named it p54nrb (for nuclear RNA-binding protein, 54 kDa). cDNAs encoding p54nrb were cloned with probes derived from partial sequence of the purified protein. These cDNAs have identical coding sequences but differ as a result of alternative splicing in the 5' untranslated region. The cDNAs encode a 471 aa polypeptide that contains two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs). Human p54nrb has no homology to yeast PRP18, except for a common epitope, but is instead 71% identical to human splicing factor PSF within a 320 aa region that includes both RRMs. In addition, both p54nrb and PSF are rich in Pro and Gln residues outside the main homology region. The Drosophila puff-specific protein BJ6, one of three products encoded by the alternatively spliced no-on-transient A gene (nonA), which is required for normal vision and courtship song, is 42% identical to p54nrb in the same 320 aa region. The striking homology between p54nrb, PSF, and NONA/BJ6 defines a novel phylogenetically conserved protein segment, termed DBHS domain (for Drosophila behavior, human splicing), which may be involved in regulating diverse pathways at the level of pre-mRNA splicing.
The Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology of Attention (1991)

Attention is a distributed process. The activity of neurons in many brain structures can be modulated by the attentional state of the animal. Attention directed toward a particular external stimulus is often reflected in an enhancement of the sensory response to that stimulus. Enhancement is spatially selective for neurons in many areas and explicitly eye-movement related in most. Attention directed toward the internal representation of a stimulus may be associated with a prolongation of neural activity. These modulations of neuronal responsiveness underscore the dynamic nature of neural processing. Competition between left- and right-brain structures in the control of attention is common. While attention is perceived as a unitary process, it is subserved by many brain structures. Given the wide distribution of attentional processes, it is not surprising that children diagnosed as having attentional deficits show considerable diversity in symptoms and etiology.
Analog at milepost 2000: a personal perspective (2001)

Electronics has barely just begun to exploit the endless opportunities for analog techniques. Rather than rendering them obsolete, the recent explosion in digital communications systems has only increased the demand for both fully analog and mixed-signal integrated-circuit (IC) products. This paper is an unashamedly personal and bipolar-centric review of a few selected aspects of the contemporary landscape and offers several reasons for expecting an unending dependence on analog techniques.
Experimental Tools to Study Molecular Recognition within the Nanoparticle Corona (2014)

Advancements in optical nanosensor development have enabled the design of sensors using synthetic molecular recognition elements through a recently developed method called Corona Phase Molecular Recognition (CoPhMoRe). The synthetic sensors resulting from these design principles are highly selective for specific analytes, and demonstrate remarkable stability for use under a variety of conditions. An essential element of nanosensor development hinges on the ability to understand the interface between nanoparticles and the associated corona phase surrounding the nanosensor, an environment outside of the range of traditional characterization tools, such as NMR. This review discusses the need for new strategies and instrumentation to study the nanoparticle corona, operating in both in vitro and in vivo environments. Approaches to instrumentation must have the capacity to concurrently monitor nanosensor operation and the molecular changes in the corona phase. A detailed overview of new tools for the understanding of CoPhMoRe mechanisms is provided for future applications.
Reactions of labile trimethylsilyl derivatives with fluorocarbons in a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer system (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of labile trimethylsilyl derivatives with fluorocarbons in a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer systemRodger L. Foltz, Maynard B. Neher, and E. R. HinnenkampCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 11, 1338–1339Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60255a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60255a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts