gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Replacement of a labile aspartyl residue increases the stability of human epidermal growth factor (1990)

Long-term storage of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (EGF), an important promoter of cell division, results in its conversion to a new species that elutes later than native EGF on a reverse-phase column. This new species, called EGF-X, has only 20% of the biological activity of native EGF. Peptide mapping indicated that the primary structure of EGF-X differs from that of native EGF solely within the first 13 residues. N-Terminal sequencing of EGF-X revealed that about 30% of the polypeptides have been cleaved at the Asp-3/Ser-4 bond. In addition, the yields after the His residue at position 10 were extremely low, indicating that a chemical modification occurs at residue 11 that is incompatible with Edman degradation. We hypothesized that aspartic acid 11 had been converted to an isoaspartyl residue, and this was confirmed with L-isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl methyltransferase, an enzyme that methylates the side-chain carboxyl group of L-isoaspartyl residues but does not recognize normal L-aspartyl residues. EGF-X, but not EGF, was found to be a substrate of this enzyme, and proteolytic digestion of EGF-X with thermolysin localized the site of methylation to a nine-residue peptide containing position 11. We did not observe formation of the isoaspartyl derivative in EGF that had been denatured by reduction of its disulfide bonds. In addition, replacement of the aspartyl residue at position 11 with glutamic acid resulted in a fully active EGF derivative that does not form detectable amounts of EGF-X. We propose that conversion of this aspartyl residue to isoaspartate is a significant nonenzymatic degradation reaction affecting this growth factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transforming growth factor‐β1 stimulates macrophage urokinase expression and release of matrix‐bound basic fibroblast growth factor (1993)

Macrophage expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) appears to play a role in their release of matrix-bound basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). In experiments reported here, we have examined the potential regulatory effects of bFGF and TGF-beta 1 on macrophage uPA expression. TGF-beta 1 stimulated in a dose- and time-dependent manner the expression of secreted membrane and intracellular uPA activities by a macrophage cell line (RAW264.7). When examined at similar concentrations, bFGF had little effect, and interleukin-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and monocyte colony stimulating factor had no effect on macrophage uPA expression. Exposure of macrophages to TGF-beta 1 led to a rapid and sustained increase in the steady-state levels of uPA mRNA that was independent of de novo protein synthesis and was completely inhibited by actinomycin D. However, the TGF-beta 1-induced increase in uPA mRNA was largely unaffected by subsequent incubation of cells with actinomycin D. The protein kinase C inhibitor H7 markedly reduced the ability of TGF-beta 1 to stimulate expression of uPA activity. Likewise, okadaic acid and microcystin, inhibitors of serine/threonine phosphatases, potentiated the ability of TGF-beta 1 to upregulate macrophage uPA expression. TGF-beta 1 primed cells converted nearly all added plasminogen to plasmin and expressed sixfold more membrane-bound plasmin than control cells. Preincubation of TGF-beta 1 with either serum or methylamine-modified alpha 2-macroglobulin did not affect its ability to induce macrophage uPA expression. When control and TGF-beta 1-primed macrophages were cultured on matrices containing bound 125I-bFGF, their release of 125I-bFGF was increased five and tenfold, respectively, in the presence of plasminogen. The ability of TGF-beta to induce macrophage uPA expression and the plasmin-dependent release of matrix-bound bFGF may provide an indirect mechanism by which TGF-beta stimulates angiogenesis.
Pre-driver PDN SSN, OPD, data encoding, and their impact on SSJ (2009)

This paper describes the simultaneous switching noise (SSN) behavior of pre-driver power distribution networks (PDNs) excited by different kinds of simultaneous switching output (SSO) signal patterns. The physics behind the PDN resonance is explored and the quantitative relationship between pre-driver PDN resonant frequency and signal toggling frequency is established to find the SSO signal pattern that generates the worst PDN SSN. This paper shows how and why on-package decoupling (OPD) and data encoding can greatly reduce pre-driver PDN SSN as well. Additionally, the relationship between pre-driver PDN SSN and SSO jitter (SSJ) and a method for finding the worst SSJ due to pre-driver PDN SSN effect is discussed.
Quetiapine for Alcohol Use and Craving in Bipolar Disorder (2004)

Longoria, Jason BA; Brown, E. Sherwood PhD, MD; Perantie, Dana C. BS; Bobadilla, Leonardo BA; Nejtek, Vicki A. PhD Author Information
<title>Three-Dimensional imaging systems for telecommunications applications</title> (1992)

This paper describes a range of potential telecommunications applications for 3-D imaging systems. We outline possible techniques to realize 3-D video and still image demonstrations using autostereoscopic systems. These are glasses free systems involving the use of view determining screens, either parallax barriers or lenticular sheets. Results showing the optical performance of lenticular sheets and parallax barriers with test still images are described and analyzed. Good agreement with theoretically derived models has been obtained.
PCM speech compression via ADPCM/TASI (2005)

A data compression technique, Adaptive Differential PCM (ADPCM) with Time Assignment Speech Interpolation (TASI), that is capable of reducing the bit rate required for PCM encoded speech is described. The particular case of 2:1 compression in a T1 system environment is described in detail and evaluated using computer simulation. The ADPCM/TASI system has wide dynamic range, little degradation under loading, than standard PCM. Signal-to-noise ratios provide an objective metric. An audio tape containing computer processed speech for various ADPCM/TASI systems in various environments accompanies this presentation.
Mode of action of the yeast<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>as a feed additive for ruminants (1996)

Two suggested modes of action of yeast in stimulating rumen fermentation were investigated. The first, that yeast respiratory activity protects anaerobic rumen bacteria from damage by O2, was tested using different strains of yeast that had previously been shown to have differing abilities to increase the viable count of rumen bacteria. Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 240, NCYC 1026, and the commercial product Yea-Sacc, added to rumen fluid in vitro at 1.3 mg/ml, increased the rate of O2 disappearance by between 46 and 89%. The same three preparations also stimulated bacterial numbers in an in vitro fermenter (Rusitec). S. cerevisiae NCYC 694 and NCYC 1088, which had no influence on the viable count in Rusitec, also had no effect on O2 uptake. Respiration-deficient (RD) mutants of S. cerevisiae NCYC 240 and NCYC 1026 were enriched by repeated culturing in the presence of ethidium bromide. S. cerevisiae NCYC 240 and NCYC 1026 stimulated the total and cellulolytic bacterial populations in Rusitec, while the corresponding RD mutants did not. Rigorous precautions to exclude air from Rusitec resulted in S. cerevisiae NCYC 240 no longer stimulating total bacterial numbers, although it still increased numbers of cellulolytic bacteria. The second hypothesis, that yeast provides malic and other dicarboxylic acids which stimulate the growth of some rumen bacteria, was examined by comparing the effects of yeast and malic acid on rumen fermentation in sheep. Three mature sheep were given 0.85 kg barley/d plus 0.55 kg chopped ryegrass hay/d either unsupplemented, or supplemented with 4 g S. cerevisiae NCYC 240/d or 100 mg L-malic acid/d either mixed with the diet or in aqueous solution infused continuously into the rumen. Yeast increased the total viable count of bacteria (P < 0.05) whereas malic acid did not, and no other effect of the treatments reached statistical significance. It was concluded, therefore, that the stimulation of rumen bacteria by S. cerevisiae is at least partly dependent on its respiratory activity, and is not mediated by malic acid.
Modulation of energy homeostasis in maize and Arabidopsis to develop lines tolerant to drought, genotoxic and oxidative stresses (2018)

Abiotic stresses cause crop losses worldwide that reduce the average yield by more than 50%. Due to the high energy consumed to enhance the respiration rates, the excessive reactive oxygen species release provokes cell death and, ultimately, whole plant decay. A metabolic engineering approach in maize (Zea mays) altered the expression of two poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation metabolic pathway proteins, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and ADP-ribose-specifIc Nudix hydrolase (NUDX) genes that play a role in the maintenance of the energy homeostasis during stresses. By means of RNAi hairpin silencing and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing strategies, the PARP expression in maize was downregulated or knocked down. The Arabidopsis NUDX7 gene and its two maize homologs, ZmNUDX2 and ZmNUDX8, were overexpressed in maize and Arabidopsis. Novel phenotypes were observed, such as significant tolerance to oxidative stress and improved yield in Arabidopsis and a trend of tolerance to mild drought stress in maize and in Arabidopsis. Key words: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, Nudix hydrolase, CRISPR/Cas9, maize, oxidative stress, drought stress
Digital Self-Coherent Detection and Mitigation of Transmission Impairments (2008)

We review the techniques used in digital self-coherent detection for improvement of receiver sensitivity, recovery of multi-level phase and amplitude modulated signals, and mitigation of transmission impairments. Comparisons with digital coherent detection are also discussed.
Identification of Major Active Ingredients Responsible for Burn Wound Healing of<i>Centella asiatica</i>Herbs (2012)

Centella asiatica herbs have been prescribed as a traditional medicine for wound healing in China and Southeast Asia for a long time. They contain many kinds of triterpenoid compounds, mainly including glycosides (asiaticoside and madecassoside) and corresponding aglycones (asiatic acid and madecassic acid). To identify which is the major active constituent, a comprehensive and comparative study of these compounds was performed. In vitro, primary human skin fibroblasts, originating from healthy human foreskin samples, were treated with various concentrations of asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid, respectively. Cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, MMP-1/TIMP-1 balance, and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway were investigated. In vivo, mice were orally administered with the four compounds mentioned above for two weeks after burn injury. The speed and quality of wound healing, as well as TGF-β(1) levels in skin tissues, were examined. Interestingly, in contrast to prevalent postulations, asiaticoside and madecassoside themselves, rather than their corresponding metabolites asiatic acid and madecassic acid, are recognized as the main active constituents of C. asiatica herbs responsible for burn wound healing. Furthermore, madecassoside is more effective than asiaticoside (P = 0.0446 for procollagen type III synthesis in vitro, P = 0.0057 for wound healing speed, and P = 0.0491 for wound healing pattern in vivo, correspondingly).
Morphologic analysis of surgical margins with positive findings in prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate (1992)

Apical invasion and positive apical margins were assessed in 165 consecutive radical prostatectomies. Apical invasion, defined as cancer in the distal 8 mm of the prostate, was evident in more than 80% of the cases, and apical margins occurred in 16% of the specimens with apical Clinical judgement was not effective in predicting apical cancer. Frequency of apical margins increased in proportion to greater cancer volume, from 9.8% in cancers smaller than 4 cc to 30.7% in cancers larger than 12 cc. However, most positive margins in the group with cancers smaller than 4 cc were caused by inadvertent incision into the prostate during the operation, whereas the vast majority of apical margins in cancers larger than 4 cc were caused by capsule penetration of the tumor. Although margins associated with capsule penetration occurred characteristically in the posterior (rectal) portion of the apex, margins caused by incision into the prostate were distributed over the entire apical surface of the gland. Positive margins at the urethral stump were quite uncommon (occurring in four cases). These findings suggest that modifications of surgical technique might reduce the frequency of this complication.
Ambipolar, Single‐Component, Metal–Organic Thin‐Film Transistors with High and Balanced Hole and Electron Mobilities (2008)

High and balanced mobilities: Metal–organic thin-film transistors (MOTFTs) that employ metal complexes with narrow band gaps and less π-conjugated structures are fabricated. These devices show high-performance ambipolar characteristics in comparison with other reported single-component ambipolar TFTs.
Distribution of Forward Voltage of SiC Schottky Barrier Diode Using Ti Sintering Process (2008)

The forward current density-voltage (JF-VF) characteristics of SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with an epilayer thickness between 9.6 and 10 μm and donor concentration (ND) ranging from 4.0x1015 to 5.7x1015 cm-3 was evaluated. It was found that the Schottky barrier height (Φb) can be stabilized by Ti sintering process and the forward current (IF) abruptly rises at the same knee voltage for all samples. On the other hand, the on-resistance (Ron) and VF were dispersed. The instability corresponds to the values calculated by the dispersion of ND, substrate resistivity and substrate thickness.
ChemInform Abstract: THE EPOXIDATION OF OLEFINS WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ON MOLYBDENUM BLUE‐CHARCOAL CATALYSTS (1983)

Abstract Die Oxidation von Cyclohexen (I) mit H 2 O 2 zum Epoxid (II) wird in Gegenwart von Molybdänsäure‐Katalysatoren auf Aktivkohle, z.Tl. mit Organozinn‐ Verbindungen als Cokatalysatoren, untersucht.
Hybrid structured buck converter with ripple cancellation and improved efficiency (2013)

Design of a ripple free switching mode power converter is a challenging task in power electronics industry. The conventional method for ripple reduction is to use passive filters, which makes the system bulky. Hybrid structured converters are introduced to reduce the ripple without using bulky output capacitors. In this type of converters, to cancel the ripple, opposite current / voltage of the ripple is injected to the output of converter. However the efficiency of the hybrid structure is poor due to the series resistor used for current sensing. This paper proposes a modified hybrid structure converter with improved efficiency as well as desirable ripple performance. The proposed circuit uses DCR current sensing method and reduces the losses. The modified structure gives 4.14 percent efficiency improvement at a load current of 2A compare to conventional hybrid converter. The ripple voltage is just 3mV even without output capacitor.
Coupled Semiconductor Systems for Photocatalysis. Preparation and Characterization of Polycrystalline Mixed WO<sub>3</sub>/WS<sub>2</sub> Powders (1999)

Mixed WO3/WS2 powders were prepared by oxidation of WS2. The physical properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy; they were strongly dependent upon the time and temperature of oxidation. The chemical state and the elemental distribution of the sample surface were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic results have showed that the aqueous suspensions of the mixed WO3/WS2 systems have significantly higher activities than pure WS2 and WO3 for the photodegradation of phenol. The enhanced performance can be related to the presence of heterojunctions WO3/WS2 on the single particles. The best results were obtained when the surface WS2 molar fraction was about 0.5.
Linear Polyethyleneimine Grafted to a Hyperbranched Poly(ethylene glycol)-like Core:  A Copolymer for Gene Delivery (2005)

A block copolymer of a hyperbranched poly(ethylene glycol)-like core and linear polyethylenimine (HBP) was synthesized by a facile synthetic route that included (1) a single-step cationic copolymerization of diepoxy and polyhydroxyl monomers, (2) derivatization of hydroxyl groups of the core HBPEG copolymer with either tosyl or chloromethylbenzoyl chlorides resulting in a corresponding macroinitiator, and (3) synthesis of HBPEG-block-poly(alkyl oxazolines). HBPEG-block-linear polyethyleneimine (HBP) was obtained by hydrolysis of HBPEG-block-poly(alkyl oxazolines). Linear PEI-bearing hyperbranched polycations (HBP) had lower inherent toxicity in cell culture than PEG-grafted linear polyethyleneimines (PEGLPEI). PEGLPEI formed a complex with DNA with an average diameter of 250 nm. The complexes were loosely condensed and formed aggregates and precipitates during storage. By contrast, hyperbranched polycations (HBP) formed approximately 50 nm nanocomplexes with DNA that were stable for several weeks and showed resistance to DNAse I-mediated degradation. The 'inverted' block copolymers showed several orders of magnitude higher transfection efficiency than PEGLPEI in vitro. Because of the biocompatibility and higher transfection efficiency, the 'inverted' block copolymer merits further investigation as a gene carrier.
A survey of autonomic communications (2006)

Autonomic communications seek to improve the ability of network and services to cope with unpredicted change, including changes in topology, load, task, the physical and logical characteristics of the networks that can be accessed, and so forth. Broad-ranging autonomic solutions require designers to account for a range of end-to-end issues affecting programming models, network and contextual modeling and reasoning, decentralised algorithms, trust acquisition and maintenance---issues whose solutions may draw on approaches and results from a surprisingly broad range of disciplines. We survey the current state of autonomic communications research and identify significant emerging trends and techniques.
Preparation and properties of some hydroxy-aluminium beidellites (1977)

Abstract Hydroxy-aluminium beidellites are prepared by treating Na-saturated beidellites from Taiwan, with compositions intermediate between end-member beidellite and end-member montmorillonite, with hydroxy-aluminium solutions having OH/Al ratios mainly between 2·00 and 2·50. Chemical analyses show that hydroxy-aluminium ions have compositions near Al 6 (OH,O) 16 and charges near 1·0 in two cases, and near 2·2 in a third case. The basal spacing of the prepared clays is near 17 Å and remains without collapse up to 500°C. Argon adsorption measurements at liquid nitrogen temperatures, after heat-treatment up to 325°C in vacuo overnight, give surface areas near 500 m 2 /g when the exchangeable Na ions are about one-third replaced by hydroxy-aluminium, but near 200 m 2 /g when wholly replaced by hydroxy-aluminium. In the latter case the hydroxy-aluminium covers the internal surfaces of the clay almost completely prior to the heat-treatment.
Reconstruction in the Round Using Photometric Normals and Silhouettes. (2006)

This paper addresses the problem of obtaining complete, detailed reconstructions of shiny textureless objects. We present an algorithm which uses silhouettes of the object, as well as images obtained under varying illumination conditions. In contrast with previous photometric stereo techniques, ours is not limited to a single viewpoint and produces accurate reconstructions in full 3D. A number of images of the object are obtained from multiple viewpoints, under varying lighting conditions. Starting from the silhouettes, the algorithm recovers camera motion and constructs the object’s visual hull. This is then used to recover the illumination and initialise a multi-view photometric stereo scheme to obtain a closed surface reconstruction. The contributions of the paper are twofold: Firstly we describe a robust technique to estimate light directions and intensities and secondly, we introduce a novel formulation of photometric stereo which combines multiple viewpoints and hence allows closed surface reconstructions. The algorithm has been implemented as a practical model acquisition system. Here, a quantitative evaluation of the algorithm on synthetic data is presented together with a complete reconstruction of a challenging real object.
Monodomain alignment of thermotropic fluorene copolymers (1999)

Abstract Conjugated copolymers of 9,9-dioctylfluorene alternating with benzothiadiazole and dithiophene moieties in the main chain were found to be 'hairy rod' type thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers as well as yellow to red photoluminescence emitters. Thin films of both copolymers were found to align into monodomains on standard liquid crystal alignment layers as well as on rubbed precursor route poly(para-phenylenevinylene) (precPPV), which is transparent to red light. This observation is of importance for the use of precPPV as a hole transporting alignment layer for fluorene copolymers in polarized electroluminescence devices.
Growth and Migration of Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes Ticks during Blood Feeding (1995)

We have studied the growth of Borrelia burgdorferi in nymphal ticks (Ixodes scapularis) feeding on mice using confocal fluorescence microscopy to follow the distribution of spirochetes. In starved nymphs, the bacteria were only detected in the midgut and each nymph had a mean of 496 spirochetes. Upon attachment of nymphs to the host, the bacteria grew with a doubling time close to 4 hr and reached a mean of 7,848 spirochetes per nymph 15 hr after attachment. During this initial period (36 hr) of rapid growth, the bacteria appeared to be restricted to the gut, but after 48 hr, the spirochetes had disseminated to the salivary glands in the majority of nymphs examined. Thus, a critical event that allows the spirochetes to disseminate and infect the salivary glands takes place 36-48 hr after attachment. A maximum number of 166,575 spirochetes per nymph was noted 72 hr after attachment. Soon after completion of feeding and detachment from the host (96 hr), the mean number of spirochetes decreased to 95,410 per nymph and the spirochetes appeared to be cleared from organs other than the midgut. Thus, dissemination of spirochetes within the vector appears to be a transient phenomenon. These results provide strong evidence in favor of a salivary route of disease transmission while also demonstrating the utility of confocal microscopy to study vector-pathogen interactions in general.