gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Calculations of Phase Equilibria, Surface Tension and Viscosity in the In-Ag-X (X=Bi, Sb) System (2004)

The phase equilibria of the In-Ag-Bi and In-Ag-Sb systems were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Thermodynamic calculations of these systems were also carried out by taking the experimental results into account. The Gibbs energies of the liquid and solid solution phases are described on the basis of the sub-regular solution model, and that of the intermetallic compounds are based on the two-sublattice model. A consistent set of thermodynamic parameters was optimized for describing the Gibbs energy of each phase, which leads to a good fit between calculated and experimental results. In addition, the surface tension and viscosity of liquid phase were calculated on the basis of the thermodynamic parameters obtained in the present assessment.
Systemic transforming growth factor‐beta in patients with bone marrow fibrosis—pathophysiological implications (1998)

Idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) and secondary myelofibrosis (MF) are characterized by bone marrow (BM) fibrosis, neoangiogenesis, and increased extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. These characteristics may be partially attributed to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), a cytokine produced by monocytes. In myelofibrosis, monocytes are increased and activated with concomitant up-regulation of intracytoplasmic TGF-β. We have therefore determined systemic TGF-β in patients with either BM fibrosis: IMF, n = 18; MF, n = 16; or without BM fibrosis: hematologic disorders with normal platelets (n = 31); high platelets (n = 9); or normal controls (n = 27). Compared with nonfibrosis sera, there was significant TGF-β elevation in BM fibrosis sera (P < 0.0001). Most (>80%) of the TGF-β is active and belongs to the −β1 isoform. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses in BM biopsy sections showed a marked increase in TGF-β1 only in patients with fibrosis. Moreover, TGF-β protein was detected mainly in myelomonocytic-like predominant areas. To determine if another functionally similar cytokine, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), may be important to BM fibrosis, we quantitated sera levels and found elevation in 57% compared with 100% elevation for TGF-β. The data indicate that irrespective of etiology, systemic TGF-β is elevated in patients with BM fibrosis. TGF-β likely plays an important role in the development of BM fibrosis. The study also provides a significant parameter for early therapeutic intervention in BM fibrosis. Am. J. Hematol. 59:133–142, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Transient temperature rise in a mouse due to low-frequency regional hyperthermia (2006)

A refined nonlinear heat transfer model of a mouse has been developed to simulate the transient temperature rise in a neoplastic tumour and neighbouring tissue during regional hyperthermia using a 150 kHz inductive coil. In this study, we incorporate various bio-energetic enhancements to the heat transfer equation and numerical validations based on experimental findings for the mouse, in terms of nonlinear metabolic heat production, homeothermy, blood perfusion parameters, thermoregulation, psychological and physiological effects. The discretized bio-heat transfer equation has been validated with the commercial software FEMLAB on a canonical multi-sphere object before applying the scheme to the inhomogeneous mouse voxel phantom. The time-dependent numerical results of regional hyperthermia of mouse thigh have been compared with the available experimental temperature results with only a few small disparities. During the first 20 min of local unfocused heating, the temperature in the tumour and the surrounding tissue increased by around 7.5 degrees C. The objective of this preliminary study was to develop a validated electrothermal numerical scheme for inductive hyperthermia of a small mammal with the intention of expanding the model into a complete numerical solution involving ferromagnetic nanoparticles for targeted heating of tumours at low frequencies. In addition, the numerical scheme herein could assist in optimizing and tailoring of focused electromagnetic fields for hyperthermia.
Hydrogen and Nitrogen Control in Ladle and Casting Operations (2005)

In recent years there has been an increasing demand to reduce and control the amount of dissolved gases in steel. Hydrogen and nitrogen are two of the most important gases which when dissolved in liquid steel affect its properties significantly. Several steelmaking additions have been investigated in this research for their effect on the hydrogen and nitrogen content of steels. It has been established that calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime) acts as a source of hydrogen. Carburizers, such as metallurgical coke, were found to result in no hydrogen pickup when added to liquid steel. Addition of petroleum coke, on the other hand, increased the hydrogen content of liquid steel. Ferroalloy such as medium carbon ferromanganese when added to the liquid iron was found to increase its nitrogen content, the increase being proportional to the amount of ferroalloy added. Similarly, addition of pitch coke, which had a significant nitrogen impurity, increased the nitrogen content of liquid iron. A mathematical model was developed to quantify the absorption of nitrogen and hydrogen from the air bubbles entrained during tapping of liquid steel. During the bottom stirring of liquid metal in a ladle, the inert gas escaping from the top displaces the slag layer and often forms an open eye. The absorption of atmospheric nitrogen through the spout eye was estimated for different slag thickness and gas flow rate. The ultimate goal of this research was to develop a comprehensive set of equations which could predict the nitrogen and hydrogen pickup from their various sources. Estimates of hydrogen and nitrogen pickup during the steel transfer operations such as tapping and ladle stirring and the predicted pickup from steelmaking additions were integrated into empirical equations. The comprehensive model is designed to predict the gas pickup under varying operating conditions such as the metal oxygen and sulfur content, the total tapping or stirring time, the stirring gas flow rate and the slag thickness. The model predictions are based on mathematical and empirical evidence which are derived from thermodynamic and kinetic fundamental principles.
Trust Termination: Unborn, Living, and Dead Hands–Too Many Fingers in the Trust Pie (1985)

A private trust is a useful method of distributing family wealth. At its inception, its terms may be limited only by the imagination of the drafter. Situations unanticipated by the drafter of the trust may arise, however, and premature trust termination may be sought. This Commentary examines the judicial response to trust termination requests made by the settlor, trustee, or beneficiary, with particular emphasis on California decisional law. It identifies situations in which termination should be allowed and describes the major statutory reforms developed in jurisdictions other than California. The Commentary concludes with a proposal for modification of current California law.
Identification of a Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Acyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase from the Diatom <i>Thalassiosira pseudonana</i>  (2005)

The draft genome of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was searched for DNA sequences showing homology with long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetases (LACSs), since the corresponding enzyme may play a key role in the accumulation of health-beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in triacylglycerol. Among the candidate genes identified, an open reading frame named TplacsA was found to be full length and constitutively expressed during cell cultivation. The predicted amino acid sequence of the corresponding protein, TpLACSA, exhibited typical features of acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) synthetases involved in the activation of long-chain fatty acids. Feeding experiments carried out in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) transformed with the algal gene showed that TpLACSA was able to activate a number of PUFAs, including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Determination of acyl-CoA synthetase activities by direct measurement of acyl-CoAs produced in the presence of different PUFA substrates showed that TpLACSA was most active toward DHA. Heterologous expression also revealed that TplacsA transformants were able to incorporate more DHA in triacylglycerols than the control yeast.
C-Terminal Mutants of Apolipoprotein L-I Efficiently Kill Both Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (2009)

Apolipoprotein L-I (apoL1) is a human-specific serum protein that kills Trypanosoma brucei through ionic pore formation in endosomal membranes of the parasite. The T. brucei subspecies rhodesiense and gambiense resist this lytic activity and can infect humans, causing sleeping sickness. In the case of T. b. rhodesiense, resistance to lysis involves interaction of the Serum Resistance-Associated (SRA) protein with the C-terminal helix of apoL1. We undertook a mutational and deletional analysis of the C-terminal helix of apoL1 to investigate the linkage between interaction with SRA and lytic potential for different T. brucei subspecies. We confirm that the C-terminal helix is the SRA-interacting domain. Although in E. coli this domain was dispensable for ionic pore-forming activity, its interaction with SRA resulted in inhibition of this activity. Different mutations affecting the C-terminal helix reduced the interaction of apoL1 with SRA. However, mutants in the L370-L392 leucine zipper also lost in vitro trypanolytic activity. Truncating and/or mutating the C-terminal sequence of human apoL1 like that of apoL1-like sequences of Papio anubis resulted in both loss of interaction with SRA and acquired ability to efficiently kill human serum-resistant T. b. rhodesiense parasites, in vitro as well as in transgenic mice. These findings demonstrate that SRA interaction with the C-terminal helix of apoL1 inhibits its pore-forming activity and determines resistance of T. b. rhodesiense to human serum. In addition, they provide a possible explanation for the ability of Papio serum to kill T. b. rhodesiense, and offer a perspective to generate transgenic cattle resistant to both T. b. brucei and T. b. rhodesiense.
Designing and Evaluating an Index for Graph Structured Data (2006)

In this paper we present own design of an indexing structure for general graph structured data called p-index that allows an effective processing of special path queries. These special queries represent for example a search for all paths lying between two arbitrary vertices limited to a certain path length. The p-index is a multilevel balanced tree structure where each node is created with a certain graph transformation and described by modified adjacency matrix. Hence, p-index indexes all the paths to a predefined length I inclusive. The search algorithm is then able to find all the paths shorter than or having the length l and some of the paths longer then the predefined l lying between any two vertices in the indexed graph. We also present an experimental evaluation of the process of creating the p-index on graphs with different sizes and also a complexity evaluation of the search algorithm that uses the p-index
Improved Troposphere Blind Models Based on Numerical Weather Data (2014)

The troposphere blind model RTCA MOPS is the minimum operational performance standard for global positioning systems. With a standard deviation of 2.3% of the ZTD, it enables us to mitigate the main part of the tropospheric effect on GNSS signals. Nevertheless, the comparison of RTCA MOPS with modern troposphere models like the ESA model or GPT2 shows the limitation of RTCA MOPS and points out the potential of modern troposphere blind models based on climatological series derived from numerical weather data. The ESA model profits from a more advanced wet delay model and a higher spatial resolution. GPT2 shows the smallest mean bias on surface level in comparison to ray-tracing and IGS data and profits from additional mapping function coefficients – especially if the user is interested in tropospheric delay at low elevation angles. A revision of GPT2 - called GPT2w - combines the benefits of both aforementioned models. Copyright © 2014 Institute of Navigation.
Molecular recognition of a peptide mimic of the Lewis Y antigen by an anti‐Lewis Y antibody (1997)

Peptides as mimics of carbohydrates display a distinct advantage in vaccine design because of ease of synthesis and their inherent T cell-dependent nature as immunogens. While peptides that mimic carbohydrates have been described, it is not clear how they do so. To further our insight into structural relationships between peptide-mimics and carbohydrate structures, we have analyzed a potential recognition scheme between the murine monoclonal antibody, B3, directed against the tumor-associated antigen Lewis Y oligosaccharide and a peptide identified from phage display screening with B3. The Lewis Y core antigen is a difucosylated structure consisting of four hexose units. The B3 antibody binds to the peptide sequence APWLYGPA in which the putative sequence APWLY is critical for binding to the antibody. Not having experimental structural information for B3, the crystal structure of another anti-Lewis Y antibody, BR96, solved in complex with a nonoate methyl ester Lewis Y tetrasaccharide, provides a molecular basis for LeY antigen recognition and specificity, and how this binding relates to peptide binding. As a guide to place the APWLY motif in the B3 combining site, a fragment library was searched for analogous compounds that have the potential to bind to B3. Our modeling study shows that the B3-peptide complex shares similar recognition features for the difucosylated type 2 lactoseries' structure. This analysis provides a molecular perspective for peptide mimicry of a carbohydrate epitope. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and Implementation of Fuzzy Expert System for Real Estate Recommendation (2013)

Expert systems are computer programs that make the knowledge available when a human expert withineasy reach. The systems are to simulate the thinking and inference pattern being. ultimate of expert system is to be analogous to human as much as possible. Utilizing the intelligent system in commerce is indispensable for establishing a better connection with customers in businesses. Use of fuzzy expert system that initiates some special activity could be noteworthy as a suitable solution in customer servicing.Nevert heless, fuzzy set theory presents a new approach for modeling in uncertainty situation in order toremove the vagueness of retrieval of mathematical calculation, system design, and applied intelligence in this research. The designed fuzzy expert system has been analyzed and tested for real estate as an environment comprising enormous vagueness in stock portfolio recommendation. In this research,the researchers have introduced and designed an expert system to help applicants property shell and to pave the way for the accessibility of the required knowledge to contribute applicants property purchase stored in knowledge base in rule
Cellulosome gene cluster analysis for gauging the diversity of the ruminal cellulolytic bacterium<i>Ruminococcus flavefaciens</i> (2008)

Ruminococcus flavefaciens is a vital cellulosome-producing fibrolytic rumen bacterium. The arrangement of the cellulosomal scaffoldin gene cluster (scaC-scaA-scaB-cttA-scaE) is conserved in two R. flavefaciens strains (17 and FD-1). Sequence analysis revealed a high mosaic conservation of the intergenic regions in the two strains that contrasted sharply with the divergence of the structural sca gene sequences. Based on the conserved intergenic regions, we designed PCR primers in order to examine the sca gene cluster in additional R. flavefaciens strains (C94, B34b, C1a and JM1). Using these conserved and/or degenerate primers, the scaC, scaA and scaB genes were amplified in all six strains, while the entire sca gene cluster and the proximal genes cttA and scaE were successfully amplified in four of the strains (17, FD-1, C94 and JM1). The sequencing of scaA and scaC genes in all the strains yielded additional insight into the variability of the structural genes with regard to the number and type of cohesin modules contained in a conserved molecular skeleton. Moreover, the scaC gene, being short and variable, appears to be a promising functional phylotyping target for metagenomic population studies of R. flavefaciens in the rumen as a function of the individual host animal.
Demonstration of acute ischemic lesions in the fetal brain by diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (2002)

The possibility of detecting acute hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions by prenatal magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound is low. We present a case of a fetus with a vein of Galen arteriovenous malformation in whom prenatal diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 33 weeks of gestation clearly detected cerebral acute ischemic lesions, associated with remarkable decrease of the average apparent diffusion coefficient, whereas T2-weighted imaging was still not informative.
GENETIC SELECTION AND NEURAL MODELING OF PIECEWISE-LINEAR CLASSIFIERS (1996)

Piecewise-linear mathematical structures form a convenient and important framework for implementing trainable and adaptive pattern classifiers. Neural networks and genetic algorithms offer additional approaches with important benefits for the design of such classifiers. In this paper we show how neural modeling and genetic selection can be applied to piecewise-linear structures to optimize both the topology and the parameter values of the network forming the classifier. Such a classifier will tend to have a low error rate and high robustness. We describe applications of these techniques to an adaptive detector of abnormal tissue in mammograms and a detector of straight lines and edges in noisy aerial images.
Combined biological and chemical treatment of highly concentrated residual dyehouse liquors (1998)

The combined biological and chemical treatment of highly concentrated reactive azo dye-containing residual dyehouse liquors with recalcitrant compounds was investigated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The plant consists of a batch reactor in which the anoxic and aerobic phases are carried out by sequenced steps. Water-soluble reactive dyes were reductively cleft and decolorized by a facultative anaerobic bacterial mixed culture under anoxic conditions. Complete decolorization was observed up to concentrations of nearly 20 g dye/L without addition of an external auxiliar substrate. Mineralization of the cleavage products occurs with the same bacterial mixed culture in the same reactor under aerobic conditions. The biomass used for the anoxic treatment is grown in this aerobic phase by the use of split flows with readily biodegradable compounds. Because of the recalcitrant toxic character of some remaining substances, further aerobic mineralization was initiated by partial oxidation with ozone. Partial ozonization in a circulated stream with biological post-treatment of the transformed substances led to an increased reaction selectivity, to a better biological degradation and not least to a lower consumption of ozone. Due to this purification procedure involving highly concentrated residual dyehouse liquors a total decolorization and an overvall degradation of nearly 90% in DOC was achieved.
Centrifugation of human spermatozoa induces sublethal damage; separation of human spermatozoa from seminal plasma by a dextran swim-up procedure without centrifugation extends their motile lifetime (1993)

While washing of human sperm cells by centrifugation and resuspension is a procedure in widespread use, there have been indications that this procedure per se may be harmful to the cells. The objective of this study was to investigate this question. To this end, a method for the clean separation of motile human spermatozoa from seminal plasma in the absence of centrifugation was developed, using a modified swim-up procedure, in which liquefied semen was mixed with an equal volume of 30 mg/ml dextran in medium, and the mixture overlaid with medium containing 5 mg/ml bovine serum albumin, forming two discreet layers with stable interface. The percentage of motile cells in a given sample was consistently > 80% immediately after recovery. Damage to the cells was assessed by loss of motile cells during incubation up to 96 h post-recovery. Comparison of aliquots of spermatozoa obtained by the dextran swim-up procedure showed that the aliquot subjected to centrifugation had 4 +/- 3% motile cells after 48 h, while the untreated aliquot had 52 +/- 12%. The aliquots showed no difference 1 h post-recovery. Similar results were obtained with spermatozoa that had been centrifuged in seminal plasma and resuspended in fresh plasma, then recovered by dextran swim-up. The delayed onset of motility loss in the centrifuged samples implies that this treatment induces sublethal damage in the cells. Comparison of the standard swim-up and Percoll gradient methods for sperm recovery, both of which involve centrifugation steps, showed decline in motility of the samples similar to that seen with dextran swim-up of centrifuged cells. We conclude that centrifugation per se induces sublethal damage in human spermatozoa, independently of treatment method, and suggest that recovery methods for human spermatozoa which avoid centrifugation might partially alleviate the damage incurred by these cells during cryopreservation.
<title>Optical Implementation Of Programmable Neural Networks</title> (1989)

A 2-D hybrid optical neural network using a high resolution video monitor as a programmable associative memory is proposed. Experiments and computer simulations of the system have been conducted. The superior resolution and the number of gray levels of the video monitor lead to the implementation of a larger number of neurons and a larger dynamic range. The system operates in a high speed asynchronous mode due to the parallel feedback loop. The programmability of the system permits the use of the Orthogonal Projection(OP) and the Multilevel Recognition (MR) algorithms to increase the error correction ability of the network. Using current integrated optics and electronic technology this optical neural system attains high learning and operational speed.
Sequential V˙<scp>a</scp>/Q˙ distributions in the normal rabbit by micropore membrane inlet mass spectrometry (2000)

We developed micropore membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MMIMS) probes to rapidly measure inert-gas partial pressures in small blood samples. The mass spectrometer output was linearly related to inert-gas partial pressure (r(2) of 0.996-1.000) and was nearly independent of large variations in inert-gas solubility in liquid samples. We infused six inert gases into five pentobarbital-anesthetized New Zealand rabbits and used the MMIMS system to measure inert-gas partial pressures in systemic and pulmonary arterial blood and in mixed expired gas samples. The retention and excretion data were transformed into distributions of ventilation-to-perfusion ratios (V(A)/Q) with the use of linear regression techniques. Distributions of V(A)/Q were unimodal and broad, consistent with prior reports in the normal rabbit. Total blood sample volume for each VA/Q distribution was 4 ml, and analysis time was 8 min. MMIMS provides a convenient method to perform the multiple inert-gas elimination technique rapidly and with small blood sample volumes.