gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Problem of Optimal Asset Allocation with Stable Distributed Returns (2004)

Author(s): Ortobelli, Sergio; Rachev, Svetlozar; Schwartz, Eduardo | Abstract: This paper discusses two optimal allocation problems. We consider different hypotheses of portfolio selection with stable distributed returns for each of them. In particular, we study the optimal allocation between a riskless return and risky stable distributed returns. Furthermore, we examine and compare the optimal allocation obtained with the Gaussian and the stable non-Gaussian distributional assumption for the risky return. KEY WORDS: optimal allocation, stochastic dominance, risk aversion, measure of risk, a stable distribution, domain of attraction, sub-Gaussian stable distributed, fund separation, normal distribution, mean variance analysis, safety-first analysis.
RTMBA: A Real-Time Model-Based Reinforcement Learning Architecture for robot control (2012)

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a paradigm for learning decision-making tasks that could enable robots to learn and adapt to their situation on-line. For an RL algorithm to be practical for robotic control tasks, it must learn in very few samples, while continually taking actions in real-time. Existing model-based RL methods learn in relatively few samples, but typically take too much time between each action for practical on-line learning. In this paper, we present a novel parallel architecture for model-based RL that runs in real-time by 1) taking advantage of sample-based approximate planning methods and 2) parallelizing the acting, model learning, and planning processes in a novel way such that the acting process is sufficiently fast for typical robot control cycles. We demonstrate that algorithms using this architecture perform nearly as well as methods using the typical sequential architecture when both are given unlimited time, and greatly out-perform these methods on tasks that require real-time actions such as controlling an autonomous vehicle.
Fluorometric GUS Analysis for Transformed Plant Material (2003)

The use of reporter genes in transgenic plants provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the ways in which promoters and other regulatory elements regulate gene expression. Neomycin phosphotransferase II (1), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (2), luciferase (3), and β-glucuronidase (GUS; 4) genes may each be used to provide some indications of the extent and sites of gene expression. Each reporter gene system has particular requirements for assaying gene expression and distinctive features. The neomycin phosphotransferase and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase systems require the use of radioisotopes or HPLC, whereas the luciferase system requires a luminometer or darkroom facilities. The GUS reporter gene system, in contrast, is quick, easy to use, sensitive, does not require radioisotopes, and is relatively inexpensive. Plant biotechnologists use the Escherichia coli GUSA gene in their assessments of reporter gene activity. The E. coli GUS has a monomeric mol wt of 68 kDa, and exists as a tetramer in vivo (5).
A highly integrated monolithic X-Ku band upconverter (2003)

The authors describe a monolithic upconverter with a high level of integration (87 components) operating in the X-Ku bands. It consists of a two-stage RF amplifier; a broadband, transformer-coupled, double-balanced Schottky diode mixer; and a two-stage LO (local oscillator) buffer amplifier. The chip measures only 96 mil*48 mil. The upconverter IC, packaged along with MMIC (monolithic microwave-integrated-circuit) amplifiers, has been tested at different LO frequencies between 8-15 GHz with a swept IF from 200 MHz to 1.5 GHz, and typically has 10 dB of conversion gain for upconverted output across the 8-16.5-GHz band.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characteristics of laser operation at 1064 nm in Nd:YVO_4 under diode pumping at 808 and 914 nm (2010)

A comparative study between 808 and 914 nm pumping of Nd:YVO4 crystals for laser operation at 1064 nm has been carried out. Using similar setups, performances of both configurations were first studied in the continuous wave, small-signal gain, and Q-switched regimes. Thanks to a numerical model, it is shown that fluorescence quenching and upconversion processes limit the possible uses for the 914 nm pumping scheme to regimes with low population inversions.
Motility Is Required To Initiate Host Cell Invasion by <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> (2000)

Invasin-mediated invasion of host cells by the pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica was shown to be affected by flagellar-dependent motility. Motility appears to be required to ensure the bacterium migrates to and contacts the host cell. Nonmotile strains of Y. enterocolitica were less invasive than motile strains, but the reduction in invasion could be overcome by artificially bringing the bacteria into host cell contact by centrifugation. Mutations in known regulatory genes of the flagellar regulon, flhDC and fliA, resulted in less inv expression but did not have a significant effect on invasin levels. However, invasin levels were reduced for strains that harbored flhDC on a multicopy plasmid, apparently as a result of increased proteolysis of invasin.
Data-driven models for statistical testing: measurements, estimates and residuals (2006)

This paper is the second of a three paper series on statistical analysis of deep-submicron semiconductor test data. The subjects of this paper are the models and methods for computing healthy die estimates of the test response. Production data are used to demonstrate the ideas in this paper. The conceptual skeleton for the analysis is the computed difference between the measurement and a data-driven model of the healthy response. Uni-variate and multi-variate estimates are used to show the potential of the concept. Within the framework of estimating healthy response it is shown that significant reductions of distribution variance can be obtained with a corresponding improvement in outlier detection
In vitro antibacterial activity of aminosterols against multidrug-resistant bacteria from patients with cystic fibrosis (2009)

In this study, we present new findings concerning the antibacterial potential of ASDs against MDR bacteria. Colistin-resistant, mucoid and capsulated bacteria were found to exhibit decreased susceptibility to ASDs indicating that these compounds might share some mechanistic aspects with polymyxins towards gram-negative bacteria. However, ASDs were remarkably active against gram-positive species suggesting different mechanisms of action towards gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. As tested ASDs exhibited elevated MICs in some cases, we believe that these compounds may be developed to be locally administrated as aerosols rather than via systemic administration routes. Further work is warranted to evaluate their in vivo efficacy in aerosol formulations using a lung-infected animal model.
Highly conductive modulation doped composition graded p-AlGaN/(AlN)/GaN multiheterostructures grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (2009)

In this study, we present theoretical and experimental results regarding highly conductive modulation doped composition graded p-AlGaN/(AlN)/GaN multiheterostructures. Based on simulation results, several multiheterostructures were grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Using high resolution x-ray diffraction and x-ray reflectometry, the abruptness of the AlGaN/AlN/GaN interfaces could be determined. Using electron holography, the energetic profile of the valence band could be measured, yielding important information about the vertical carrier transport in such multiheterostructures. The electrical properties of the samples were investigated by measuring the lateral (σL) and vertical (σV) conductivity, respectively. The free hole concentration of a sample optimized in terms of lateral conductivity was measured to be 1.2×1019 cm−3 (295 K) with a mobility of 7 cm2/V s, yielding a record σL of 13.7 (Ω cm)−1. Low temperature Hall measurements (77 K) proved the existence of a two-dimensional hole gas at the AlN/GaN interface, as the lateral conductivity could be increased to 30 (Ω cm)−1 and no carrier freeze out was observable. By substituting the p-GaN layer in a light emitting diode (LED) with an AlGaN/GaN multiheterostructure, the overall voltage drop could be reduced by more than 100 mV (j=65 A/cm2). Furthermore improved current spreading on the p-side of LEDs with integrated AlGaN/AlN/GaN multiheterostructures could be proved by μ-electroluminescence, respectively.
Enhancement of 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine cytotoxicity to mouse leukemia L1210 in vitro by 2'-deoxycoformycin. (1976)

2'-Deoxycoformycin (2'-dCF), a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, was tested in combination with 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-formate for cytotoxic activity against mouse leukemia L1210 in culture. 2'-dCF, which alone had no activity, significantly enhanced cytostatic and cytotoxic activities of ara-A and its more soluble derivative, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-formate; the latter 2 agents, when tested at equimolar concentrations, were equivalent in their effects on proliferation and viability. The therapeutic response of mice bearing the in vitro line of L1210 cells (L1210/C2) to combination therapy with 2'-dCF and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-phosphate was comparable to that reported elsewhere for therapy of mice bearing the parent in vivo line. Continuous exposure of cultured L1210 cells to ara-A and 2'-dCF induced a prolonged period of unbalanced growth, characterized by inhibition of proliferation and DNA synthesis while RNA and protein synthesis continued; exposure periods in excess of a single population doubling were required to achieve significant cell kill. Potentiation of ara-A activity against the relatively insensitive mouse leukemia L1210 was attributed to increased stability of ara-A resulting from 2'-dCF inhibition of adenosine deaminase.
GM1485, a nonimmunosuppressive immunophilin ligand, promotes neurofunctional improvement and neural regeneration following stroke (2012)

Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the industrialized world, and the development of pharmacologic strategies to promote poststroke recovery is of paramount importance. GM1485, a nonimmunosuppressive immunophilin ligand, promotes regeneration of multiple cell types following injury. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of GM1485 treatment on functional recovery and neurogenesis following rat stroke. Transient cerebral ischemia was induced in rats receiving daily GM1485 (5 mg/kg) beginning 24 hr postischemia and continuing for a total of 6 weeks. Neurological function was evaluated over this period using a battery of neurobehavioral tests, and immunostaining for stem-cell markers was performed following animal sacrifice. An in vitro model of oxidative stress was also employed to evaluate the ability of GM1485 to mediate stem-cell-like induction and plasticity. GM1485-treated rats demonstrated improved neurological function as well as increased Sox2(+) cells in the ipsilateral SVZ and striatum relative to vehicle-treated rats. Additionally, GM1485-treated fibroblasts subjected to oxidative stress were reprogrammed to a stem-cell-like phenotype and were able to differentiate down a neuronal lineage. These data demonstrate that GM1485 administration improves neurological function and is consistent with an upregulation of endogenous neurogenesis following stroke in rats. Further experiments are necessary to characterize the molecular pathways involved in these processes.
Characterization of SPEC CPU2006 and SPEC OMP2001: Regression Models and their Transferability (2008)

Analysis of workload execution and identification of software and hardware performance barriers provide critical engineering benefits; these include guidance on software optimization, hardware design tradeoffs, configuration tuning, and comparative assessments for platform selection. This paper uses Model trees to build statistical regression models for the SPEC1 CPU2006 and the SPEC OMP2001 suites. These models link performance to key microarchitectural events. The models provide detailed recipes for identifying the key performance factors for each suite and for determining the contribution of each factor to performance. The paper discusses how the models can be used to understand the behaviors of the two suites on a modern processor. These models are applied to obtain a detailed performance characterization of each benchmark suite and its member workloads and to identify the commonalities and distinctions among the performance factors that affect each of the member workloads within the two suites. This paper also addresses the issue of model transferability. It explores the question: How useful is an existing performance model (built on a given suite of workloads) to study the performance of different workloads or suites of workloads? A performance model built using data from workload suite P is considered transferable to workload suite Q if it can be used to accurately study the performance of workload suite Q. Statistical methodologies to assess model transferability are discussed. In particular, the paper explores the use of two-sample hypothesis tests and prediction accuracy analysis techniques to assess model transferability. It is found that a model trained using only 10% of the SPEC CPU2006 data is transferable to the remaining data. This finding holds also for SPEC OMP2001. In contrast, it is found that the SPEC CPU2006 model is not transferable to SPEC OMP2001 and vice versa.
Compartmentation of NAD<sup>+</sup>‐dependent signalling (2011)

NAD(+) plays central roles in energy metabolism as redox carrier. Recent research has identified important signalling functions of NAD(+) that involve its consumption. Although NAD(+) is synthesized mainly in the cytosol, nucleus and mitochondria, it has been detected also in vesicular and extracellular compartments. Three protein families that consume NAD(+) in signalling reactions have been characterized on a molecular level: ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), Sirtuins (SIRTs), and NAD(+) glycohydrolases (NADases). Members of these families serve important regulatory functions in various cellular compartments, e.g., by linking the cellular energy state to gene expression in the nucleus, by regulating nitrogen metabolism in mitochondria, and by sensing tissue damage in the extracellular compartment. Distinct NAD(+) pools may be crucial for these processes. Here, we review the current knowledge about the compartmentation and biochemistry of NAD(+)-converting enzymes that control NAD(+) signalling.
Biochemical Isolation and Characterization of the Tubulovesicular LC3-positive Autophagosomal Compartment (2009)

Autophagosomes and their precursors are best defined by electron microscopy but may also be traced in living cells based on the distribution of specific autophagy molecules. LC3, the most commonly examined autophagy marker in mammalian cells, labels structures that are frequently manifested as dots or rings using light microscopy; however, the nature of these structures is not entirely clear. We reported here a novel approach to examine the LC3-positive compartment in cell-free lysates, which revealed that they were actually tubulovesicular structures with considerable heterogeneity. Using affinity purification, we isolated these membranes for electron microscopy, which indicated that they possessed ultrastructural features consistent with autophagosomal membranes at various maturation stages. Further biochemical and proteomics analyses demonstrated the presence of multiple autophagy-related and other functional molecules. The different distribution patterns of Atg5, Atg16, Atg9, and p62/SQSTM1 on the LC3-positive compartment provided new clues on how these molecules might be involved in the dynamics of the autophagosomal membranes. Finally, several morphologically unique groups of LC3-positive membranes were categorized. Their topological configurations suggested that double-membrane vesicles could be derived from single membrane compartments via different means, including tubule-to-vesicle conversion, whose presence was supported by live cell imaging. These findings thus provide new information on the dynamics of the autophagosomal compartment.
Noise tolerant illumination optimization applied to display devices (2005)

Display devices have historically been designed through an iterative process using numerous hardware prototypes. This process is effective but the number of iterations is limited by the time and cost to make the prototypes. In recent years, virtual prototyping using illumination software modeling tools has replaced many of the hardware prototypes. Typically, the designer specifies the design parameters, builds the software model, predicts the performance using a Monte Carlo simulation, and uses the performance results to repeat this process until an acceptable design is obtained. What is highly desired, and now possible, is to use illumination optimization to automate the design process. Illumination optimization provides the ability to explore a wider range of design options while also providing improved performance. Since Monte Carlo simulations are often used to calculate the system performance but those predictions have statistical uncertainty, the use of noise tolerant optimization algorithms is important. The use of noise tolerant illumination optimization is demonstrated by considering display device designs that extract light using 2D paint patterns as well as 3D textured surfaces. A hybrid optimization approach that combines a mesh feedback optimization with a classical optimizer is demonstrated. Displays with LED sources and cold cathode fluorescent lamps are considered.
Dermal Capillary Clearance: Physiology and Modeling (2005)

Substances applied to the skin surface may permeate deeper tissue layers and pass into the body's systemic circulation by entering blood or lymphatic vessels in the dermis. The purpose of this review is an in-depth analysis of the dermal clearance/exchange process and its constituents: transport through the interstitium, permeability of the microvascular barrier and removal via the circulation. We adapt an 'engineering' viewpoint with emphasis on quantifying the dermal microcirculatory physiology, providing the theoretical framework for the physics of key transport processes and reviewing the available computational clearance models in a comparative manner. Selected experimental data which may serve as valuable input to modeling attempts are also reported.
Structural Analysis of Criminal Network and Predicting Hidden Links using Machine Learning (2015)

Analysis of criminal networks is inherently difficult because of the nature of the topic. Criminal networks are covert and most of the information is not publicly available. This leads to small datasets available for analysis. The available criminal network datasets consists of entities, i.e. individual or organizations, which are linked to each other. The links between entities indicates that there is a connection between these entities such as involvement in the same criminal event, having commercial ties, and/or memberships in the same criminal organization. Because of incognito criminal activities, there could be many hidden links from entities to entities, which makes the publicly available criminal networks incomplete. Revealing hidden links introduces new information, e.g. affiliation of a suspected individual with a criminal organization, which may not be known with public information. What will we be able to find if we can run analysis on a larger dataset and use link prediction to reveal the implicit connections? We plan to answer this question by using a dataset that is an order of magnitude more than what is used in most criminal networks analysis. And by using machine learning techniques, we will convert a link prediction problem to a binary classification problem. We plan to reveal hidden links and potentially hidden key attributes of the criminal network. With a more complete picture of the network, we can potentially use this data to thwart criminal organizations and/or take a Pareto approach in targeting key nodes. We conclude our analysis with an effective destruction strategy to weaken criminal networks and prove the effectiveness of revealing hidden links when attacking to criminal networks.
Treatment of venous leg ulcers with cryopreserved cultured allogeneic keratinocytes: a prospective open controlled study (1998)

Twenty-seven patients with chronic venous leg ulcers were assigned to two treatment groups. Fifteen were treated with cryopreserved cultured allogeneic keratinocyte sheets and compression bandages and 12 with compression only. The observation time was 8 weeks and the keratinocyte grafting procedure was performed once weekly. The mean reduction of the initial wound area was 35% in the treatment group and 14% in the control group. This difference was not significant. The poor effect on wound healing given by the cryopreserved allogeneic keratinocyte sheets contrasts with our earlier experience using fresh keratinocyte sheets. We believe that this is due to a weakened condition of the cryostored cells, as we have shown a loss in protein synthesis capacity of at least 50%.
Mutually Orthogonal Nonsense-Suppression Systems and Conjugation Chemistries for Precise Protein Labeling at up to Three Distinct Sites (2019)

Site-specific incorporation of multiple distinct noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into a protein is an emerging technology with tremendous potential. It relies on mutually orthogonal engineered aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs that suppress different nonsense/frameshift codons. So far, up to two distinct ncAAs have been incorporated into proteins expressed in E. coli, using archaea-derived tyrosyl and pyrrolysyl pairs. Here we report that the E. coli derived tryptophanyl pair can be combined with the archaeal tyrosyl or the pyrrolysyl pair in ATMW1 E. coli to incorporate two different ncAAs into one protein with high fidelity and efficiency. By combining all three orthogonal pairs, we further demonstrate simultaneous site-specific incorporation of three different ncAAs into one protein. To use this technology for chemoselectively labeling proteins with multiple distinct entities at predefined sites, we also sought to identify different bioconjugation handles that can be coincorporated into proteins as ncAA-side chains and subsequently functionalized through mutually compatible labeling chemistries. To this end, we show that the recently developed chemoselective rapid azo-coupling reaction (CRACR) directed to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) is compatible with strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) targeted to p-azidophenylalanine (pAzF) and strain-promoted inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition (SPIEDAC) targeted to cyclopropene-lysine (CpK) for rapid, catalyst-free protein labeling at multiple sites. Combining these mutually orthogonal nonsense suppression systems and the mutually compatible bioconjugation handles they incorporate, we demonstrate site-specific labeling of recombinantly expressed proteins at up to three distinct sites.