gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical kinetics of the ferri-ferrocyanide couple on platinum (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical kinetics of the ferri-ferrocyanide couple on platinumPeter H. Daum and Christie G. EnkeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1969, 41, 4, 653–656Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60273a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60273a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2801Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Catalytic conversion of formic acid to methanol with Cu and Al under hydrothermal conditions (2012)

Catalytic conversion of formic acid into methanol was investigated with Cu as a catalyst and Al as a reductant under hydrothermal conditions. It was found that formic acid can be converted into methanol by such means. The highest yield of methanol (30.4%) was attained with a temperature of 300 °C and a reaction time of 9 h. The AlO(OH) formed from Al oxidation may also play a catalytic role in the formation of methanol. This process may provide a promising solution to producing methanol from carbohydrate biomass combined with the process of converting the carbohydrate into formic acid, which is expected to emit no CO2.
Inflammation enhances peripheral μ-opioid receptor-mediated analgesia, but not μ-opioid receptor transcription in dorsal root ganglia (1995)

mu-Opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2,NMe-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO)-induced peripheral analgesic effects occur early in hindpaws inoculated with Freund's complete adjuvant and increase in parallel to the development of inflammatory signs. Antagonism of these effects by beta-funaltrexamine, an irreversible mu-opioid receptor antagonist, suggests that the effective number of peripheral opioid receptors does not increase during early stages, but does so at later stages of the inflammation. As determined by a ribonuclease protection assay, mu-opioid receptor mRNA in dorsal root ganglia is abundant in untreated animals, but does not significantly increase following inflammation. Thus, peripheral analgesic efficacy of DAMGO is not correlated with transcription or number of mu-opioid receptors at early inflammatory stages. At later stages, however, the number of peripheral mu-opioid receptors appears to increase and may enhance opioid efficacy.
Animated demonstrations and training wheels interfaces in a complex learning environment (2007)

Journal Article Animated demonstrations and training wheels interfaces in a complex learning environment Get access Christian Spannagel, Christian Spannagel * a University of Education Ludwigsburg, Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Reuteallee 46, 71634 Ludwigsburg, Germany * Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 7141 140 283; fax: +49 7141 140 435. E-mail addresses:spannagel@ph-ludwigsburg.de (C. Spannagel), girwidz@ph-ludwigsburg.de (R. Girwidz), loethe@ph-ludwigsburg.de (H. Löthe), zendler@ph-ludwigsburg.de (A. Zendler), schroeder@informatik.rwth-aachen.de (U. Schroeder). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Raimund Girwidz, Raimund Girwidz b University of Education Ludwigsburg, Institute for Science and Technology, Reuteallee 46, 71634 Ludwigsburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Herbert Löthe, Herbert Löthe a University of Education Ludwigsburg, Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Reuteallee 46, 71634 Ludwigsburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Andreas Zendler, Andreas Zendler a University of Education Ludwigsburg, Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Reuteallee 46, 71634 Ludwigsburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ulrik Schroeder Ulrik Schroeder c RWTH Aachen University, Computer Science Department, Computer Supported Learning, Ahornstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Interacting with Computers, Volume 20, Issue 1, January 2008, Pages 97–111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2007.08.002 Published: 11 September 2007 Article history Received: 27 March 2007 Revision received: 15 August 2007 Accepted: 20 August 2007 Published: 11 September 2007
Improved H.264-based video coding using an adaptive transform (2010)

In block-based video coding, the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) has been adopted for signal decorrelation in state-of-the-art standards. Although the Karhunen Loeve Transform (KLT) is known to achieve optimal energy compaction, it has been reported to offer only moderate compression as the KLT basis functions are source dependent and hence require the transform itself to be coded. This paper describes a technique for prediction-error block coding using the KLT. The proposed method does not require coding of the KLT bases. Instead the basis functions can be derived at the decoder in a manner similar to the encoder. The proposed method is incorporated into a standard H.264 video codec using an adaptive transform selection approach. Our experiments show that the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) improvement of up to 0.9 dB is achieved with the proposed technique when compared with the standard H.264 codec.
Crystal structures of<i>Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus</i>endonuclease domain complexed with diketo-acid ligands (2018)

The <i>Arenaviridae</i> family, together with the <i>Bunyaviridae</i> and <i>Orthomyxoviridae</i> families, is one of the three negative-stranded RNA viral families that encode an endonuclease in their genome. The endonuclease domain is at the N-terminus of the L protein, a multifunctional protein that includes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The synthesis of mRNA in arenaviruses is a process that is primed by capped nucleotides that are 'stolen' from the cellular mRNA by the endonuclease domain in cooperation with other domains of the L protein. This molecular mechanism has been demonstrated previously for the endonuclease of the prototype <i>Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus</i> (LCMV). However, the mode of action of this enzyme is not fully understood as the original structure did not contain catalytic metal ions. The pivotal role played by the cap-snatching process in the life cycle of the virus and the highly conserved nature of the endonuclease domain make it a target of choice for the development of novel antiviral therapies. Here, the binding affinities of two diketo-acid (DKA) compounds (DPBA and L-742,001) for the endonuclease domain of LCMV were evaluated using biophysical methods. X-ray structures of the LCMV endonuclease domain with catalytic ions in complex with these two compounds were determined, and their efficacies were assessed in an <i>in vitro</i> endonuclease-activity assay. Based on these data and computational simulation, two new DKAs were synthesized. The LCMV endonuclease domain exhibits a good affinity for these DKAs, making them a good starting point for the design of arenavirus endonuclease inhibitors. In addition to providing the first example of an X-ray structure of an arenavirus endonuclease incorporating a ligand, this study provides a proof of concept that the design of optimized inhibitors against the arenavirus endonuclease is possible.
Vanillin based polymers: I. An electrochemical route to polyvanillin (2012)

Electrochemical reductive polymerization of divanillin in aqueous sodium hydroxide using a lead cathode gives polyvanillin in 91% yield. The product was characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR, TGA-DTGA, and GPC.
An Analytical Model Describing Aberrations in the Progression Corridor of Progressive Addition Lenses (2006)

We propose a simple analytical model to understand the optics in the progression corridor and nearby zones of a PAL. Our model confirms that for typical pupil sizes, all higher-order aberrations, including the dominant modes of coma and trefoil, are small enough to render an undisturbed vision in the progression zone. Therefore, higher-order aberrations have a minimal impact on the optical performance of these lenses.
Chemistry of phosphomolybdate adsorption on alumina surfaces. 2. The molybdate/phosphated alumina and phosphomolybdate/alumina systems (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of phosphomolybdate adsorption on alumina surfaces. 2. The molybdate/phosphated alumina and phosphomolybdate/alumina systemsJ. A. R. Van Veen, P. A. J. M. Hendriks, R. R. Andrea, E. J. G. M. Romers, and A. E. WilsonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 13, 5282–5285Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/j100376a022Request reuse permissionsArticle Views536Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (478 KB) Get e-Alerts
Comment on Graphene Nanoflakes with Large Spin:  Broken-Symmetry States (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterComment on Graphene Nanoflakes with Large Spin: Broken-Symmetry StatesOleg V. Yazyev, Wei L. Wang, Sheng Meng, and Efthimios KaxirasView Author Information Institute of Theoretical Physics and Institut Romand de Recherche Numérique en Physique des Matériaux (IRRMA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Physics and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Cite this: Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 2, 766Publication Date (Web):January 19, 2008Publication History Received21 December 2007Published online19 January 2008Published inissue 1 February 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nl073364zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/nl073364zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1305Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Electronic structure,Nanoflakes,Quantum mechanics,Two dimensional materials Get e-Alerts
Three-Dimensional Poly(ε-caprolactone) Bioactive Scaffolds with Controlled Structural and Surface Properties (2012)

The requirement of a multifunctional scaffold for tissue engineering capable to offer at the same time tunable structural properties and bioactive interface is still unpaired. Here we present three-dimensional (3D) biodegradable polymeric (PCL) scaffolds with controlled morphology, macro-, micro-, and nano-mechanical performances endowed with bioactive moieties (RGD peptides) at the surface. Such result was obtained by a combination of rapid prototyping (e.g., 3D fiber deposition) and surface treatment approach (aminolysis followed by peptide coupling). By properly designing process conditions, a control over the mechanical and biological performances of the structure was achieved with a capability to tune the value of compressive modulus (in the range of 60-90 MPa, depending on the specific lay-down pattern). The macromechanical behavior of the proposed scaffolds was not affected by surface treatment preserving bulk properties, while a reduction of hardness from 0.50-0.27 GPa to 0.1-0.03 GPa was obtained. The penetration depth of the chemical treatment was determined by nanoindentation measurements and confocal microscopy. The efficacy of both functionalization and the following bioactivation was monitored by analytically quantifying functional groups and/or peptides at the interface. NIH3T3 fibroblast adhesion studies evidenced that cell attachment was improved, suggesting a correct presentation of the peptide. Accordingly, the present work mainly focuses on the effect of the surface modification on the mechanical and functional performances of the scaffolds, also showing a morphological and analytical approach to study the functionalization/bioactivation treatment, the distribution of immobilized ligands, and the biological features.
Preliminary application of computer‐assisted patient‐specific acetabular navigational template for total hip arthroplasty in adult single development dysplasia of the hip (2011)

The template designs facilitated accurate placement of acetabular components in dysplasia of acetabulum. The hip's center of rotation in DDH could be established using computer-aided design, which provides a useful method for the accurate location of prosthesis with a low cost-performance ratio without excessive technical workload on the surgical team.
Integral atomic layer architectures of 1D crystals inserted into single walled carbon nanotubes (2002)

The crystal growth behaviour of solid phase halides encapsulated within single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is reviewed. As SWNTs form atomically thin channels within a restricted diameter range, their internal van der Waals surfaces regulate the growth behaviour of encapsulated materials in a very precise fashion. Crystal growth within SWNTs is therefore atomically regulated and nano-scale crystals with precise integral layer architectures (i.e. ‘Feynman Crystals’) can be formed. The structural properties of the resulting 1D crystals are principally dictated by the structural chemistry of the bulk material although deviations from bulk crystal growth behaviour are observed. Alternatively, 1D crystals with completely novel structures can form inside SWNTs. Where the encapsulated crystal has a structure recognizably related to that of the bulk material, crystals are formed with lower surface coordination and all exhibit substantial lattice distortions as a result of this reduced coordination and/or van der Waals constriction effects. 1D crystal growth within SWNTs is occasionally impeded by the presence of simultaneously incorporated fullerene molecules.
Managing Uncertainty: Modeling Users in Location-Tracking Applications (2004)

Uncertainty-management techniques that ignore the distinctiveness of individuals will either fail or incur a high cost in system resources. Location-tracking applications must consider the individual user's characteristics, habits, and preferences to estimate his or her location more effectively. We discuss human-controlled moving objects, called roving users. A typical RU application tracks each RU's location to answer queries about the person's whereabouts at any particular time. We also discuss about the belief networks that models the user habits. We also discuss about the belief networks that models the user habits.
One-Night Mandibular Advancement Titration for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Pilot Study (2002)

The effect of a dental appliance (DA) is usually evaluated in a single mandibular position reached after several weeks and corresponding to either improvement of symptoms or intolerance to any further advancement. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of one-night evaluation of the efficacy of a DA. The study population consisted of seven patients (six men) with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (66.9 +/- 32.4 apneas and/or hypopneas per hour). Patients underwent two consecutive polysomnographies; first with a temporary DA (two arches connected by a hydraulic system) progressively adjusted during the night to correct sleep disordered breathing and second with a permanent DA (two arches connected by Herbst attachments) set to the effective degree of advancement during the titration night. All patients completed the protocol. The mean mandibular advancement reached during the titration night was 12.6 +/- 2.7 mm. Arousal was never observed during or for 60 seconds following advancement. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was significantly reduced from 66.9 +/- 32.4 to 26.1 +/- 20.7 per hour during the titration night from the diagnostic night (p < 0.01). During the second night, the AHI was 19.6 +/- 20.2 per hour and was less than 20 per hour in 71.4% of patients and less than 10 per hour in 42.9% of patients. The efficacy of a DA can be evaluated during a single night of polysomnography.
6-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)-7-nitro-2,3(1H,4H)-quinoxalinedione hydrochloride (YM90K) and related compounds: structure-activity relationships for the AMPA-type non-NMDA receptor (1994)

A novel series of quinoxalinediones possessing imidazolyl and related heteroaromatic substituents was synthesized and evaluated for their activity to inhibit [3H]AMPA binding from rat whole brain. From the structure-activity relationships, it was found that the 1H-imidazol-1-yl moiety could function as a bioisostere for the cyano and nitro groups, and that 6-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-7-nitro-2,3(1H,4H)-quinoxalinedione (11) showed the most potent activity for the AMPA receptor. Compound 11 was evaluated for selectivity versus other excitatory amino acid receptors, and its action against AMPA at its receptor in the rat striatum was characterized. These data showed that compound 11 was a selective antagonist for the AMPA receptor with a Ki value of 0.084 microM, being approximately equipotent with 2,3-dihydro-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline (3) (NBQX; Ki = 0.060 microM). Compound 11 was also found to give protection against sound-induced seizure on DBA/2 mice at the minimum effective dose of 3 mg/kg ip (3; 10 mg/kg ip).
One-dimensional infinite chain organotin complexes: Synthesis and structural characterization of triphenyltin(IV) thiophen-2-carboxylate and triphenyltin(IV) 4-pyridinylcarboxylate (2003)

Triphenyltin(IV) thiophen-2-carboxylate (1) and triphenyltin(IV) 4-pyridinylcarboxylate (2) have been synthesized by the reaction of sodium 2-thiophenylcarboxylate and sodium 4-pyridinylcarboxylate with the triphenyltin(IV) chloride and characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the crystals of 1, the tin atoms are rendered fourcoordinated in a distorted tetrahedral structure. Due to the presence of a close intermolecular SnS interaction of 3.339 A, the structure can be described as a weakly-bridged one-dimensional chain polymer. In the crystals of 2, the tin atom is five-coordinated with bridging pyridine N atom and resulting structure is one-dimensional chain polymer.
DVoIP: Dynamic Voice-over-IP transformations for quality of service in bandwidth constrained environments (2008)

Voice-over-IP (VoIP) call streams suffer from poor quality when the available bandwidth drops below the minimum requirements for the call. Dynamic VoIP (DVoIP) improves quality by performing on-the-fly transformations on VoIP streams to reduce the bandwidth requirements of the call. DVoIP reduces bandwidth requirements by transcoding high-bitrate codecs to low-bandwidth ones and by aggregating the contents of multiple VoIP packets into a single DVoIP packet. With little to no increase in latency or decrease in voice quality, DVoIP can ensure zero packet loss for active calls.
Synthesis of isomeric and enantiomeric O-phosphonylmethyl derivatives of 9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine (1987)

Reaction of 9-( S )-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine ( I ) with chloromethanephosphonyl chloride ( VII ) in pyridine or triethyl phosphate, or with chloromethyl(pyridinio)phosphonate ( IX ) in pyridine, afforded a mixture of 2'-( IV ) and 3'-O-chloromethanephosphonate ( V ) which were separated on anion exchange resin or alkylsilica gel. Treatment of compounds IV and V with aqueous alkaline hydroxide, followed by deionization, gave 9-( S )-(2-hydroxy-3-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine ( VI ) and 9-( S )-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine ( III ) (HPMPA), respectively. The ( R )- and ( RS )-forms of III and VI were prepared analogously from the respective ( R )-enantiomer and racemate of I . 9-( S )-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)-N 6 -benzoyladenine ( XIV ) was converted into 3'-O-(dimethoxytrityl) derivative XVII and further into 2',N 6 -dibenzoyl derivative XIX . Reaction of compound XVII with IX , followed by acid hydrolysis and alkaline cyclization, afforded pure isomer VI whereas pure III was prepared from XIX by reaction with VII in triethyl phosphate and subsequent alkaline cyclization.
2′‐Deoxyisoguanosine and Base‐Modified Analogues: Chemical and Photochemical Synthesis (1991)

Abstract The synthesis of 2′‐deoxyisoguanosine ( 2 ), and the pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[3,4‐ d ]pyrimidine 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides 3 and 4 is described. Condensation of the imidazole precursor 5 with benzoyl isocyanate followed by reaction with ammonia gave 2 . Its N(7) regioisomer was obtained from 6 . Compound 2 was also prepared by the photochemically induced conversion of 2‐Chloro‐ and 2‐bromopurine 2′‐deoxyribofuranosides 9a and 10 , respectively, in aqueous solution, The photo reaction was further used for the synthesis of the compounds 3 and 4 starting with the amino‐chloro‐2′‐deoxynucleosides 9b and 9c , respectively.