gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the effect of polyvinyl pyrrolidone on the activity of chlorhexidine mouthrinses: plaque and stain (2001)

PVP, at the concentrations tested, reduced the stain propensity of a 0.06% chlorhexidine rinse but at the expense of some loss of plaque inhibition.
Purification of Ammonia by Pressure Swing Adsorption (2012)

Ammonia has long been an essential raw material for manufacture of chemical compounds of vital importance. Recent DOE-EERE-ITP Chemicals Subprogram studies have consistently ranked ethylene and ammonia as the top two most energy intensive processes. Ammonia production consumes a total energy of 750 Trillion BTU. New innovative methods are needed to address and improve (the chemistry and separation methods of) older processes that are not energy efficient. The goal of this dissertation is to design, develop and demonstrate a technically feasible and commercially viable system to produce ammonia along with recovery of the products by adsorption separation method and significantly decrease the energy requirement in ammonia production. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology enables the energy-efficient recovery of specific compounds from a gas under pressure. In this study, an ammonia production process that incorporates PSA technology for the recovery of ammonia from reactor-off gas is developed. Conventionally, ammonia is recovered via energy-intensive refrigeration and condensation from the reactor-off gas. The new approach is expected to increase ammonia yield and reduce natural gas feedstock and fuel consumption. The improved ammonia process will find application in the U.S. chemical industry, which produced 23.7 billion pounds of ammonia in 2004. The presentation will discuss many of the key results and findings. In particular it will focus on an in-depth bench scale experiments and analysis on adsorbent(s) performance and stability at similar temperature conditions for the ammonia recovery section. Experimental cyclic steady state PSA results using different cycles from a full functional 4-bed PSA system will be provided along with the model prediction. The construction of such a complete and functional PSA system for ammonia recovery is important to enable successful commencement of further studies for model validation, experimental data gathering and process optimization for the prototype design and scale up operation. A parametric study will also be presented using an in-house developed PSA simulator to evaluate the effects of various parameters on the cyclic steady state PSA performance. Finally, the presentation will showcase an adsorption enhanced catalytic hybrid process via simulation that justifies the development of a proprietary ammonia synthesis reactor in order to operate together with PSA process to produce purified ammonia out of nitrogen and hydrogen.
Domain bias in web search (2012)

This paper uncovers a new phenomenon in web search that we call domain bias --- a user's propensity to believe that a page is more relevant just because it comes from a particular domain. We provide evidence of the existence of domain bias in click activity as well as in human judgments via a comprehensive collection of experiments. We begin by studying the difference between domains that a search engine surfaces and that users click. Surprisingly, we find that despite changes in the overall distribution of surfaced domains, there has not been a comparable shift in the distribution of clicked domains. Users seem to have learned the landscape of the internet and their click behavior has thus become more predictable over time. Next, we run a blind domain test, akin to a Pepsi/Coke taste test, to determine whether domains can shift a user's opinion of which page is more relevant. We find that domains can actually flip a user's preference about 25% of the time. Finally, we demonstrate the existence of systematic domain preferences, even after factoring out confounding issues such as position bias and relevance, two factors that have been used extensively in past work to explain user behavior. The existence of domain bias has numerous consequences including, for example, the importance of discounting click activity from reputable domains.
Multiple wavefields: Separating incident from scattered, up from down, and primaries from multiples (1998)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998Multiple wavefields: Separating incident from scattered, up from down, and primaries from multiplesAuthors: Anton ZiolkowskiDavid TaylorRodney JohnstonAnton ZiolkowskiThe University of Edinburgh, David TaylorThe University of Edinburgh, and Rodney JohnstonThe University of Edinburghhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820196 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820196FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByGreen's theorem as a comprehensive framework for data reconstruction, regularization, wavefield separation, seismic interferometry, and wavelet estimation: A tutorialGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 74, No. 6Seismic and electromagnetic controlled-source interferometry in dissipative mediaGeophysical Prospecting, Vol. 56, No. 3Benefits of source signature measurements for multiple removal in streamer and OBC dataRodney Johnston and Anton Ziolkowski4 January 2005 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1998 Pages: 2092 publication data© 1998 Copyright © 1998 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 06 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Anton Ziolkowski, David Taylor, and Rodney Johnston, (1998), "Multiple wavefields: Separating incident from scattered, up from down, and primaries from multiples," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1499-1502. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820196 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
ATF3-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation Protects against Acute Kidney Injury (2010)

A variety of stress stimuli, including ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, induce the transcriptional repressor ATF3 in the kidney. The functional consequences of this upregulation in ATF3 after renal I/R injury are not well understood. Here, we found that ATF3-deficient mice had higher renal I/R-induced mortality, kidney dysfunction, inflammation (number of infiltrating neutrophils, myeloperoxidase activity, and induction of IL-6 and P-selectin), and apoptosis compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, gene transfer of ATF3 to the kidney rescued the renal I/R-induced injuries in the ATF3-deficient mice. Molecular and biochemical analysis revealed that ATF3 interacted directly with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and recruited HDAC1 into the ATF/NF-kappaB sites in the IL-6 and IL-12b gene promoters. The ATF3-associated HDAC1 deacetylated histones, which resulted in the condensation of chromatin structure, interference of NF-kappaB binding, and inhibition of inflammatory gene transcription after I/R injury. Taken together, these data demonstrate epigenetic regulation mediated by the stress-inducible gene ATF3 after renal I/R injury and suggest potential targeted approaches for acute kidney injury.
Medium-chain Fatty Acid-sensing Receptor, GPR84, Is a Proinflammatory Receptor (2013)

G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) is a putative receptor for medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), whose pathophysiological roles have not yet been clarified. Here, we show that GPR84 was activated by MCFAs with the hydroxyl group at the 2- or 3-position more effectively than nonhydroxylated MCFAs. We also identified a surrogate agonist, 6-n-octylaminouracil (6-OAU), for GPR84. These potential ligands and the surrogate agonist, 6-OAU, stimulated [(35)S]GTP binding and accumulated phosphoinositides in a GPR84-dependent manner. The surrogate agonist, 6-OAU, internalized GPR84-EGFP from the cell surface. Both the potential ligands and 6-OAU elicited chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and macrophages and amplified LPS-stimulated production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 from PMNs and TNFα from macrophages. Furthermore, the intravenous injection of 6-OAU raised the blood CXCL1 level in rats, and the inoculation of 6-OAU into the rat air pouch accumulated PMNs and macrophages in the site. Our results indicate a proinflammatory role of GPR84, suggesting that the receptor may be a novel target to treat chronic low grade inflammation associated-disease.
Phononic SAW transducers with complete frequency bandgap characteristics (2014)

2D composite grating building blocks with hexagonal symmetry are proposed and analyzed as efficient reflectors and transducers in the design of low loss surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators. Eigen-frequency and frequency response finite element analyses (FEA) are used to study the propagation and excitation characteristics of SAWs in the 2D composite structures. The proposed structures have the advantage of being compatible with the planar SAW technology, while exhibiting a complete frequency bandgap. Three distinct types SAW phononic transducers are here invented and their operation confirmed both analytically and experimentally. The proposed research paves the way for subsequent implementation of the phononic bandgap technology in high performance micro-acoustic RF components.
ADVENTURES IN TARGETING (2002)

An overview of our experiences in the field of immunoliposomal anticancer drugs is provided with respect to choice of ligand, and choice of model system, in order to provide some guidance as to the rational use of this new technology. Liposomes targeted by either peptide or monoclonal antibodies showed significantly higher binding to their respective target cells in vitro compared to non-targeted liposomes in all model systems examined. This higher binding led to higher cytotoxicities relative to non-targeted liposomes. For the immunoliposomes to deliver their entrapped drug to target cell in vivo, long circulations half-lives are required. We have evaluated the pharmacokinetics of liposomes prepared by several different coupling techniques, and have found significant differences in the clearance of these immunoliposomes from the circulation. Immunoliposomes prepared with whole anti-CD19 IgG coupled by the Mal-PEG-DSPE method demonstrated a short plasma half-life, which may reflect the random orientation of the MAb on the liposome surface. Coupling methods that mask or eliminate the Fc region result in immunoliposomes that have clearance rates more similar to untargeted liposomes. Insertion of peptides or antibodies into pre-formed liposomes through incubation with ligand-coupled PEG micelles resulted in immunoliposomes, termed post-insertion liposomes, that demonstrated comparable in vitro binding, pharmacokinetic profiles and in vivo therapeutic efficacy to liposomes made by conventional coupling methods. The therapeutic efficacy of liposomes, prepared by various coupling methods and targeted by different ligands, was compared in several different animal models of either haematological malignancies, pseudometastatic disease or solid tumours. In our hands, successful in vivo targeting has been obtained when the target is either small or readily accessible from the vasculature, where the liposomes have longer circulating half-lives and/or where a ligand against an internalizing epitope has been chosen. These results should aid in the rational design of applications for immunoliposomal drugs in the future.
A Multifunctional Protease Inhibitor To Regulate Endolysosomal Function (2011)

Proteases constitute a major class of drug targets. Endosomal compartments harbor several protease families whose attenuation may be beneficial to a number of biological processes, including inflammation, cancer metastasis, antigen presentation, and parasite clearance. As a step toward the goal of generalized but targeted protease inhibition in the endocytic pathway, we describe here the synthesis, characterization, and cellular application of a novel multifunctional protease inhibitor. We show that pepstatin A, a potent but virtually insoluble inhibitor of cathepsins D and E, can be conjugated to a single site on cystatin C, a potent inhibitor of the papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCP) and of asparagine endopeptidease (AEP), to create a highly soluble compound capable of suppressing the activity of all 3 principal protease families found in endosomes and lysosomes. We demonstrate that this cystatin-pepstatin inhibitor (CPI) can be taken up by cells to modulate protease activity and affect biological responses.
Oxidative Addition of Water to the Ru<sup><scp>II</scp></sup> Catalyst K[Ru<sup><scp>II</scp></sup>(Hedta)(CO)]: Homogeneous Catalysis of the Water‐Gas Shift Reaction under Ambient Conditions (1988)

A 75% CO conversion is obtained after four hours at 20 °C and 1 atm CO for the water-gas reaction when the RuII complex 1 is used as homogeneous catalyst. The optimum reaction conditions were found to be 50 °C and 15 atm CO; the turnover number is then 350 mol CO2/H2 per mole of catalyst per hour. 1 is by far the most effective homogeneous catalyst for the water-gas reaction; the heterogeneously catalyzed reaction is usually carried out at 400–460°C and 200 atm CO.
[Determination of the concentration of thyroid hormones in dialysate and assessment of the loss of thyroid hormone during hemodialysis (author's transl)]. (1980)

In order to determine the hormone concentration in a dialysate, the commercially available radioimmunoassay test of Dow-Lepetit for determination of free thyroid hormones in serum had to be modified. The results raised the suspicion that additional protein-bound hormone had passed the membrane. This could be demonstrated by the addition of Thiomersal. In 64 patients examined 1 and 5 hrs after the beginning of hemodialysis the mean total hormone concentration in the dialysate was 12.05 pg/ml for thyroxine and 5.47 pg/ml for triiodothyronine. The resulting loss of total hormone in hemodialysis patients, calculated for 1 week, amounted to 2.25 microgram triiodothyronine and 4.87 microgram thyroxine. The comparison with the physiologic renal elimination of thyroid hormone shows that the hormone elimination in hemodialysis patients is negligibly small. The quantitative determination of the protein concentration in the dialysate gave 384 ng/ml and was close to the limit of sensitivity of the method and consequently uncertain. It can be said, however, that the loss of protein is without clinical relevance.
Determination of Three-dimensional Structure and Residues of the Novel Tumor Suppressor AIMP3/p18 Required for the Interaction with ATM (2008)

Although AIMP3/p18 is normally associated with the multi-tRNA synthetase complex via its specific interaction with methionyl-tRNA synthetase, it also works as a tumor suppressor by interacting with ATM, the upstream kinase of p53. To understand the molecular interactions of AIMP3 and the mechanisms involved, we determined the crystal structure of AIMP3 at 2.0-angstroms resolution and identified its potential sites of interaction with ATM. AIMP3 contains two distinct domains linked by a 7-amino acid (Lys57-Ser63) peptide, which contains a 3(10) helix. The 56-amino acid N-terminal domain consists of two helices into which three antiparallel beta strands are inserted, and the 111-amino acid C-terminal domain contains a bundle of five helices (Thr64-Tyr152) followed by a coiled region (Pro153-Leu169). Structural analyses revealed homologous proteins such as yeast glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, Arc1p, EF1Bgamma, and glutathione S-transferase and suggested two potential molecular binding sites. Moreover, mutations at the C-terminal putative binding site abolished the interaction between AIMP3 and ATM and the ability of AIMP3 to activate p53. Thus, this work identified the two potential molecular interaction sites of AIMP3 and determined the residues critical for its tumor-suppressive activity through the interaction with ATM.
Dispersion-compensating fiber for upgrading existing 1310-nm-optimized systems to 1550-nm operation (1993)

Erbium-doped-fiber amplifiers (EDFA’s) have reduced the importance of loss in lightwave system design; however, EDFA’s are limited in that they operate only in the 1550-nm window. The best solution for new installations is the use of dispersion-shifted fiber. There is a large installed base of fiber optimized for 1310nm operation; however, this fiber becomes dispersion limited at 1550 nm if used in long lengths or at high bit rates. To fully utilize EDFA’s in installed systems, a technique for compensating for the chromatic dispersion of the transmission fiber is required.
The World Revolution - Dennis Lawrence: The Dynamics of War and Revolution. New York: The Weekly Foreign Letter, 1940. Pp. xxxi and 259. (1941)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production on InP Nanowire Arrays with Molybdenum Sulfide Electrocatalysts (2014)

Semiconductor nanowire arrays are expected to be advantageous for photoelectrochemical energy conversion due to their reduced materials consumption. In addition, with the nanowire geometry the length scales for light absorption and carrier separation are decoupled, which should suppress bulk recombination. Here, we use vertically aligned p-type InP nanowire arrays, coated with noble-metal-free MoS3 nanoparticles, as the cathode for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production from water. We demonstrate a photocathode efficiency of 6.4% under Air Mass 1.5G illumination with only 3% of the surface area covered by nanowires.
Exploration of complex metal 2D design rules using inverse lithography (2009)

As design rule (DR) scaling continues to push lithographic imaging to higher numerical aperture (NA) and smaller k1 factor, extensive use of resolution enhancement techniques becomes a general practice. Use of these techniques not only adds considerable complexity to the design rules themselves, but also can lead to undesired and/or unanticipated problematic imaging effects known as "hotspots." This is particularly common for metal layers in interconnect patterning due to the many complex random and bidirectional (2D) patterns present in typical layout. In such situations, the validation of DR becomes challenging, and the ability to analyze large numbers of 2D layouts is paramount in generating a DR set that encodes all lithographic constraints to avoid hotspot formation. Process window (PW) and mask error enhancement factor (MEEF) are the two most important lithographic constraints in defining design rules. Traditionally, characterization of PW and MEEF by simulation has been carried out using discrete cut planes. For a complex 2D pattern or a large 2D layout, this approach is intractable, as the most likely location of the PW or MEEF hotspots often cannot be predicted empirically, and the use of large numbers of cut planes to ensure all hotspots are detected leads to excessive simulation time. In this paper, we present a novel approach to analyzing fullfield PW and MEEF using the inverse lithography technology (ILT) technique, [1] in the context of restrictive design rule development for the 32nm node. Using this technique, PW and MEEF are evaluated on every pixel within a design, thereby addressing the limitations of cut-plane approach while providing a complete view of lithographic performance. In addition, we have developed an analysis technique using color bitmaps that greatly facilitates visualization of PW and MEEF hotspots anywhere in the design and at an arbitrary level of resolution. We have employed the ILT technique to explore metal patterning options and their impact on 2D design rules. We show the utility of this technique to quickly screen specific rule and process choices-including illumination condition and process bias-using large numbers of parameterized structures. We further demonstrate how this technique can be used to ascertain the full 2D impact of these choices using carefully constructed regression suites based on standard random logic cells. The results of this study demonstrate how this simulation approach can greatly improve the accuracy and quality of 2D rules, while simultaneously accelerating learning cycles in the design phase.
An angiographic study of ischemia as a determinant of neovascularization in arteriovenous reversal. (1988)

The results of recent studies by ourselves and others have demonstrated the feasibility of revascularizing severely ischemic limbs by means of staged arteriovenous reversal at the popliteal level. The results of investigations we did, both clinically and in an animal model, revealed the development of an intense vascular network in the region of the arteriovenous anastomosis as an important component of the revascularization process. To determine the role of ischemia in this process, four groups consisting of three dogs each underwent a popliteal artery to vein anastomosis. In group I, there was no ischemia; group II, distal ischemia only; group III, partial ischemia, and group IV, total ischemia. Angiography at four weeks in all dogs demonstrated that the intense neovascular network seen in previous studies developed only in the limbs of the dogs in group IV. We conclude that the neovascular process seen after creation of arteriovenous reversal develops as a response to severe ischemia. Further studies are needed to better characterize the nature of these vessels, and it is our hope that, in doing so, means of enhancing development of these vessels in order to indirectly revascularize otherwise unsalvagable extremities will be realized.
Lectins from Abrus precatorius and Ricinus communis. II. Hybrid toxins and their interaction with chain-specific antibodies. (1974)

The results are discussed in relation to other interspecies hybrid molecules and in relation to the mode of action of certain glycoprotein tropic hormones.
The dry history of liquid computers (2018)

A liquid can be used to represent signals, actuate mechanical computing devices and to modify signals via chemical reactions. We give a brief overview of liquid based computing devices developed over hundreds of years. These include hydraulic calculators, fluidic computers, micro-fluidic devices, droplets, liquid marbles and reaction-diffusion chemical computers.
Tandem repeats discovery service (TReaDS) applied to finding novel cis-acting factors in repeat expansion diseases (2012)

By using the tool TReaDS we discover that, for 27 repeat expansion diseases out of a currently known set of 29, long fuzzy tandem repeats are covering the expansion loci. Tests with control sets confirm the specificity of this association. This finding suggests that long fuzzy tandem repeats can be a new class of cis-acting elements involved in the mechanisms leading to the expansion instability.We strongly believe that biologists can be interested in a tool that, not only gives them the possibility of using multiple search algorithm at the same time, with the same effort exerted in using just one of the systems, but also simplifies the burden of comparing and merging the results, thus expanding our capabilities in detecting important phenomena related to tandem repeats.
Barriers to accepting e‐prescribing in the USA (2006)

This article documents that increasing numbers of pharmacies today are building their IT-infrastructures to accept electronic prescriptions and it may soon be the preferred method for physicians to write prescriptions. It is with great anticipation that this technology will also enhance the prescription-writing abilities of prescribing physicians globally, giving them electronic access to patient medical records and resources that will assist them in prescribing the correct drug for the patient.