gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-hybrid cloning of a gene encoding TNF receptor-associated protein 2, a protein that interacts with the intracellular domain of the type 1 TNF receptor: identity with subunit 2 of the 26S protease (1997)

A protein that binds the intracellular domain of the type 1 TNFR (TNFR-1IC) has been identified by two-hybrid cloning. The 97-kDa TNFR-associated protein, TRAP2, shows sequence identity with internal amino acid sequences from subunit 2 of the 26S protease. TRAP2 antiserum recognizes subunit 2 of the 26S protease, which is consistent with the identity of these proteins. TRAP2 antiserum interacted with the 97-kDa protein in HeLa cell lysates and cytosol, the latter observation showing that TRAP2 resides in the same cellular compartment as TNFR-1IC. A fusion of glutathione-S-transferase and TNFR-1IC (GST-TNFR-1IC) precipitated TRAP2 from a HeLa cell lysate; conversely, GST-TRAP2 precipitated TNFR-1 from such a lysate. These observations show that the proteins interact in the cellular milieu. After in vitro transcription/translation and 35S labeling, TRAP2 was precipitated from a cellfree system by GST-TNFR-1IC, showing that TNFR-1IC and TRAP2 interact directly. TRAP2 was also precipitated from the cellfree translation system by a GST fusion containing the N-terminal half of TNFR-1IC, but not by a GST fusion containing the C-terminal half of TNFR-1IC that contains a "death domain" that plays an obligatory role in signaling cytotoxicity. The ability of deletion mutants of TNFR-1IC to interact with TRAP2 was tested using the two-hybrid system. This also showed that the amino acid sequences that mediate binding reside outside of the death domain in TNFR-1IC. The demonstration that a subunit of the 26S protease binds TNFR-1 may identify a novel TNF-signaling pathway.
Dispersion and radial depth of investigation of borehole modes (2004)

ABSTRACT Sonic techniques in geophysical prospecting involve elastic wave velocity measurements that are performed by placing acoustic transmitters and receivers in a fluid‐filled borehole. The signals recorded at the receivers are processed to obtain compressional‐ and shear‐wave velocities in the surrounding formation. These velocities are generally used in seismic surveys for the time‐to‐depth conversion and other formation parameters, such as porosity and lithology. Depending upon the type of transmitter used (e.g. monopole or dipole) and as a result of eccentering, it is possible to excite axisymmetric ( n = 0) , flexural ( n = 1) and quadrupole ( n = 2) families of modes propagating along the borehole. We present a study of various propagating and leaky modes that includes their dispersion and attenuation characteristics caused by radiation into the surrounding formation. A knowledge of propagation characteristics of borehole modes helps in a proper selection of transmitter bandwidth for suppressing unwanted modes that create problems in the inversion for the compressional‐ and shear‐wave velocities from the dispersive arrivals. It also helps in the design of a transmitter for a preferential excitation of a given mode in order to reduce interference with drill‐collar or drilling noise for sonic measurements‐while‐drilling. Computational results for the axisymmetric family of modes in a fast formation with a shear‐wave velocity of 2032 m/s show the existence of Stoneley, pseudo‐Rayleigh and anharmonic cut‐off modes. In a slow formation with a shear‐wave velocity of 508 m/s, we find the existence of the Stoneley mode and the first leaky compressional mode which cuts in at approximately the same normalized frequency ω a / V S = 2.5 ( a is the borehole radius) as that of the fast formation. The corresponding modes among the flexural family include the lowest‐order flexural and anharmonic cut‐off modes. For both the fast and slow formations, the first anharmonic mode cuts in at a normalized frequency ω a / V S = 1.5 approximately. Cut‐off frequencies of anharmonic modes are inversely proportional to the borehole radius in the absence of any tool. The borehole quadrupole mode can also be used for estimating formation shear slownesses. The radial depth of investigation with a quadrupole mode is marginally less than that of a flexural mode because of its higher frequency of excitation.
A Micromanipulation System for Automatic Batch Microinjection (2007)

The microinjection is a common technique in genetic engineering for transferring genetic material into a cell. It is normally performed on a micromanipulation system that usually consists of an inverted microscope, a micromanipulator, a micropipette and an injector. Manual microinjection is a conventional and widespread practice. However, this approach suffers from low success rate, poor efficiency, and high probability of contamination. We have developed a micromanipulation system for automatic batch microinjection by automating the key process of penetration in a microinjection. The microinjection system automatically identifies and penetrates each embryo/cell with a constant and fast speed, and in doing so, eliminates the possibility of contamination caused by manual operations. The effectiveness of this force-controlled system has been experimentally demonstrated in the tasks of automatic identification and penetration zebrafish embryos, which are widely used as a model for studying vertebrate development and genetics.
Resume Scanning and Emotion Recognition System based on Machine Learning Algorithms (2020)

In the current smart world, everything should be done faster, smarter, and accurate way. The various organization's recruitment processes will be done face to face in an arranged venue. But, during some pandemics like Covid-19 face to face recruitment process will be very difficult. In the proposed system, a smarter way of performing the recruitment processes anywhere around the world based on the company requirements is performed. The aim of this article deals with making the process of candidate recruitment easier for companies. The amount of manual work that goes into recruiting processes is reduced and the initial scanning process of candidates was performed. By eliminating the redundant candidates helps in retaining only the applicable ones. Achieve this through the help of resume scanning, initial aptitude testing of candidates, and an interview session where the candidate answers questions asked by the interviewer. With this model, all the time and manual labor that is wasted in eliminating the redundant candidates is accomplished. It chooses the one who is best applicable to a job by comparing it with the job description based on the resumes received. Our model is working accurately for some of the predefined parameters of the company in a recruitment process by providing more security and reliability.
Preparation of 20-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-4-aza-2-oxa-5.alpha.-pregnan-3-one as an inhibitor of testosterone 5.alpha.-reductase (1985)

20-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-4-aza-2-oxa-5 alpha-pregnan-3-one and the corresponding 3-thione were synthesized with use of 20-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-pregnan-3-one as the starting material. The compounds were tested in vitro for inhibition of testosterone 5 alpha-reductase and found to be weak inhibitors with Ki's in the 10(-7) range.
Exosomes Derived from Hypoxic Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Deliver miR-21 to Normoxic Cells to Elicit a Prometastatic Phenotype (2016)

Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and is associated with aggressiveness and poor patient outcomes. Exosomes, initially considered to be cellular "garbage dumpsters," are now implicated in mediating interactions with the cellular environment. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between exosomes and hypoxia during cancer progression remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that exosomes derived from hypoxic oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells increased the migration and invasion of OSCC cells in a HIF-1α and HIF-2α-dependent manner. Given that exosomes have been shown to transport miRNAs to alter cellular functions, we performed miRNA sequencing of normoxic and hypoxic OSCC-derived exosomes. Of the 108 miRNAs that were differentially expressed, miR-21 stood out as one of the most significantly upregulated miRNAs under hypoxic conditions. miR-21 depletion in hypoxic OSCC cells led to decreased miR-21 levels in exosomes and significantly reduced cell migration and invasion. Conversely, restoration of miR-21 expression in HIF-1α and HIF-2α-depleted exosomes rescued OSCC cell migration and invasion. Moreover, exosomal miR-21 markedly enhanced snail and vimentin expression, while significantly decreasing E-cadherin levels in OSCC cells, in vitro and in vivo Finally, circulating exosomal miR-21 levels were closely associated with HIF-1α/HIF-2α expression, T stage, and lymph node metastasis in patients with OSCC. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the hypoxic microenvironment may stimulate tumor cells to generate miR-21-rich exosomes that are delivered to normoxic cells to promote prometastatic behaviors and prompt further investigation into the therapeutic value of exosome inhibition for cancer treatment. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1770-80. ©2016 AACR.
Cattell, Comrey, and Eysenck personality factors compared: More evidence for the five robust factors? (1987)

We administered the Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF), the Comrey Personality Scales (CPS), and the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) to a sample of 669 Australians that was controlled in composition for age, sex, and social class. Factor analyses derived from analyzing scales of the three inventories in the same matrix produced a group of factors that were similar to the five robust factors of personality found in studies that used ratings by others. Two of the factors were similar to the two EPI scales and five were similar to five of the eight CPS scales. One of these five factors was similar to a single 16 PF scale. The 16 PF scales were highly overlapping and factorially complex, an indication that fewer than 16 separate constructs are measured at the primary level. There were, however, clear relations between the five factors and the second-order factor structure of the 16 PF, as Karson and O'Dell (1976) described.
Three-dimensional imaging from a unidirectional hologram: wide-viewing-zone projection type (1976)

In ordinary holography reconstructing a virtual image, the hologram must be wider than either the visual field or the viewing zone. In this paper, an economical method of recording a wide-viewing-zone wide-visual-field 3-D holographic image is proposed. In this method, many mirrors are used to collect object waves onto a small hologram. In the reconstruction, a real image from the hologram is projected onto a horizontally direction-selective stereoscreen through the same mirrors. In the experiment, satisfactory 3-D images have been observed from a wide viewing zone. The optimum design and information reduction techniques are also discussed.
Probabilistic reconstruction of multiple sources in the bioelectromagnetic inverse problem (1993)

A probabilistic multiple source solution for the bioelectromagnetic inverse problem is described. The model-dependent solution assumes a finite number of discrete primary sources at fixed locations within a bounded conductor. Covariance statistics derived from a set of detectors outside the conducting region are used to determine a metric on the space of possible sources. This metric function is used to construct a weighted pseudo-inverse matrix, which, in turn, may be used to estimate the spatio-temporal distribution of source activity. The results are embodied in the form of the PROMS (probabilistic reconstruction of (multiple sources) algorithm. Computer simulations using the algorithm are described. These methods are compared with other algorithms, including minimum norm estimation, and the MUSIC and spatial filtering algorithms.
Predictors of Recurrent AKI (2015)

Recurrent AKI is common among patients after hospitalized AKI and is associated with progressive CKD. In this study, we identified clinical risk factors for recurrent AKI present during index AKI hospitalizations that occurred between 2003 and 2010 using a regional Veterans Administration database in the United States. AKI was defined as a 0.3 mg/dl or 50% increase from a baseline creatinine measure. The primary outcome was hospitalization with recurrent AKI within 12 months of discharge from the index hospitalization. Time to recurrent AKI was examined using Cox regression analysis, and sensitivity analyses were performed using a competing risk approach. Among 11,683 qualifying AKI hospitalizations, 2954 patients (25%) were hospitalized with recurrent AKI within 12 months of discharge. Median time to recurrent AKI within 12 months was 64 (interquartile range 19-167) days. In addition to known demographic and comorbid risk factors for AKI, patients with longer AKI duration and those whose discharge diagnosis at index AKI hospitalization included congestive heart failure (primary diagnosis), decompensated advanced liver disease, cancer with or without chemotherapy, acute coronary syndrome, or volume depletion, were at highest risk for being hospitalized with recurrent AKI. Risk factors identified were similar when a competing risk model for death was applied. In conclusion, several inpatient conditions associated with AKI may increase the risk for recurrent AKI. These findings should facilitate risk stratification, guide appropriate patient referral after AKI, and help generate potential risk reduction strategies. Efforts to identify modifiable factors to prevent recurrent AKI in these patients are warranted.
Photoelectrochemistry as a novel strategy for DNA hybridization detection (2000)

The special properties of ssDNA and dsDNA molecules in structure and electric behavior, may offer us some new ideas for the fabrication of genosensors and DNA-chips. In this work, the photoelectrochemical method was firstly employed to characterize the photoelectric behavior of a ssDNA probe electrode, which was prepared with the self-assembly technique, and its resulting dsDNA electrode. The obvious decrease in the photocurrent of the dsDNA modified electrode at open potential or a bias voltage indicated that photoelectrochemistry was another useful method for DNA hybridization detection. Using the special design of ssDNA probes, we attempt to discuss further the relationship between the properties of DNA molecules and their photoelectric behaviors. In addition, the electrochemical impedance method was employed to verify the occurrence of some modifications over the electrode interface before and after the hybridization event.
The Function of Extracellular Cysteines in the Human Adrenomedullin Receptor (2003)

When co-expressed with receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 2, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) functions as an adrenomedullin (AM) receptor (CRLR/RAMP2). In the present study, we examined the function of the cysteine (C) residues in the extracellular loops of human (h)CRLR (C212, C225 and C282) and in the extracellular domain of hRAMP2 (C68, C84, C99 and C131). Using site-directed mutagenesis, the cysteine residues were substituted, one at a time, with alanine (A). Co-expression in HEK293 cells of hRAMP2 with the hCRLR C212A or C282A mutant significantly reduced the 50% of effective concentration (EC50) for AM-evoked cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, despite full cell surface expression of the receptor heterodimer. Co-expression of the C225A mutant had no effect on [125I]AM binding or receptor signaling. These results suggest that the cysteine residues in the first (C212) and the second (C282) extracellular loops form a disulfide bond that is important for stabilizing the receptor in the correct conformation for ligand binding and activation. Cells expressing hCRLR with an hRAMP2 mutant (C68A, C84A, C99A or C131A) showed no specific AM binding or AM-stimulated cAMP accumulation. Though abundant in the intracellular compartment, these receptors were not detected at the cell surface, suggesting that all four cysteine residues are essential for efficient transport to the plasma membrane. Cysteine residues in the extracellular loops of hCRLR and in the extracellular domain of hRAMP2 thus appear to play distinct roles in the cell surface expression and function of the receptor heterodimer.
Spectral Algebra of the Chernov and Bogoslovsky Finsler Metric Tensors (2013)

The paper studies the Chernov and Bogoslovsky notable geometric structures, which have been recently used as alternative models for extended Special Relativity. The spectral theory of the associated metric tensor field is considered, and the Parafac tensor decomposition is obtained, in the case of low dimensions.
NEUROHYPOPHYSIS AND WATER METABOLISM IN THE TOAD, BUFO BUFO (L.) (1956)

SEVERAL attempts have been made to evaluate the role of the neurohypophysis in the water metabolism of amphibians by extirpation of the hypophysis (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). However, since it is technically difficult to extirpate the neurohypophysis only the adenohypophysis was removed together with the neurohypophysis. Such experiments give no information on the function of the neurohypophysis, for it is known that extirpation of the pars distalis of the hypophysis strongly influences the water balance. For example, the cutaneous effect of the neurohypophysial extracts is absent or greatly diminished if the pars distalis has been removed (8, 9, 6). Also, the antidiuretic effect of such extracts is reduced in frogs without the pars distalis (unpublished data). In the present work we have investigated the water balance in toads after sectioning of the praeoptic-hypophysial tract. This operation often resulted in complete degeneration of the neural lobe (processus infundibuli), whereas the pars distalis remained intact.
Electrostatic Precipitation Of Fly Ash (1977)

The main elements and features of precipitator equipment used for the collection of fly ash are presented. The major types of problems encountered in the application of precipitators to the collection of fly ash are enumerated and approaches for solving and avoiding these problems indicated. A summary of the fundamental problems, mechanical problems and operational problems commonly met with in practice is presented. The vital importance of relying on scientific and systematic methods for diagnosing and correcting the varied problems which may arise is emphasized. Several case histories of fly ash precipitators are given to illustrate the principles, methods, and practices covered in the preceding sections of the paper. Performance specifications, design and actual performance data are presented for medium sulfur eastern coal, high sulfur midwestern coal and low sulfur Rocky Mountain coal. In each case the information and data used are based on first-hand knowledge and close association of the author with the installation. Previous installments of the paper appeared in the January, February and March issue of JAPCA.
Aviation Fueling: A Cleaner, Greener Approach (2011)

Projected growth of aviation depends on fueling where specific needs must be met. Safety is paramount, and along with political, social, environmental, and legacy transport systems requirements, alternate aviation fueling becomes an opportunity of enormous proportions. Biofuels—sourced from halophytes, algae, cyanobacteria, and “weeds” using wastelands, waste water, and seawater—have the capacity to be drop-in fuel replacements for petroleum fuels. Biojet fuels from such sources solve the aviation CO 2 emissions issue and do not compete with food or freshwater needs. They are not detrimental to the social or environmental fabric and use the existing fuels infrastructure. Cost and sustainable supply remain the major impediments to alternate fuels. Halophytes are the near-term solution to biomass/biofuels capacity at reasonable costs; they simply involve more farming, at usual farming costs. Biofuels represent a win-win approach, proffering as they do—at least the ones we are studying—massive capacity, climate neutral-to-some sequestration, and ultimately, reasonable costs.
Structure and Reactivity of Lithium Enolates. From Pinacolone to Selective <i>C</i>‐Alkylations of Peptides. Difficulties and Opportunities Afforded by Complex Structures (1988)

Abstract The chemistry of lithium enolates is used to demonstrate that complex structures held together by noncovalent bonds (“supramolecules”) may dramatically influence the result of seemingly simple standard reactions of organic synthesis. Detailed structural data have been obtained by crystallographic investigations of numerous Li enolates and analogous derivatives. The most remarkable features of these structures are aggregation to give dimers, tetramers, and higher oligomers, complexation of the metal centers by solvent molecules and chelating ligands, and hydrogen‐bond formation of weak acids such as secondary amines with the anionoid part of the enolates. The presence in nonpolar solvents of the same supramolecules has been established by NMR‐spectroscopic, by osmometric, and by calorimetric measurements. The structures and the order of magnitude of the interactions have also been reproduced by ab‐initio calculations. Most importantly, supramolecules may be product‐forming species in synthetic reactions of Li enolates. A knowledge of the complex structures of Li enolates also improves our understanding of their reactivity. Thus, simple procedures have been developed to avoid complications caused by secondary amines, formed concomitantly with Li enolates by the common methods. Mixtures of achiral Li enolates and chiral Li amides can give rise to enantioselective reactions. Solubilization by LiX is observed, especially of multiply lithiated compounds. This effect is exploited for alkylations of N‐methylglycine (sarcosine) CH 2 groups in open‐chain oligopeptides. Thus, the cyclic undecapeptide cyclosporine, a potent immunosuppressant, is converted into a THF‐soluble hexalithio derivative (without epimerization of stereogenic centers) and alkylated by a variety of electrophiles in the presence of either excess lithiumdiisopropyl amide or of up to 30 equivalents of lithium chloride. Depending on the nature of the LiX additive, a new stereogenic center of ( R ) or ( S ) configuration is created in the peptide chain by this process. A structure‐activity correlation in the series of cyclosporine derivatives thus available is discussed.
Current status of molecular biosensors. (2003)

Innovations in biosensors have come about as a result of improvements in the biological components and the implementation of microsystems technologies. This article reports on some of the latest product developments in this area and highlights future trends.
Metallurgical Effects of Ultrasonic Waves (1954)

This survey on the metallurgical effects of ultrasonic waves, including scientific and technological literature, deals with the following: A. The techniques for the treatment of melts by mechanical vibrations. 1. Mechanical vibrators. 2. Electromechanical transducers. 3. Ponderomotive effects of induced electrical currents. B. Metallurgical effects observed after ultrasonic treatment. 1. Reduction in grain size. 2. Degassing of melts. 3. Dispersion of other substances in melts. 4. Acceleration of rate processes. 5. Other metallurgical and related effects.