gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T CELL RECOGNITION OF MYOGLOBIN : LOCALIZATION OF THE SITES STIMULATING T CELL PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSES BY SYNTHETIC OVERLAPPING PEPTIDES ENCOMPASSING THE ENTIRE MOLECULE (1984)

A comprehensive strategy for the systematic localization of all continuous antigenic sites within a protein has previously been introduced by this laboratory. The strategy consists of studying the immunochemical activity of a series of consecutive synthetic peptides that encompass the entire protein chain and that are uniform in size and in overlap at their N- and C-terminals with neighbouring peptides. By application of this strategy to sperm whale myoglobin, we have been able to delineate the continuous sites of T cell recognition of myoglobin in three high responder mouse strains. Thirteen 17-residue peptides that encompass the entire myoglobin chain and overlap by five residues at both ends were synthesized, purified and characterized. The peptides were examined in vitro for their ability to stimulate lymph node cells from myoglobin-primed DBA/2 (H-2d), BALB/c (H-2d) and SJL (H-2s) mice as well as long-term cultures of myoglobin-specific T cells. Several regions of the molecule (T sites) were found to stimulate myoglobin-primed lymph node cells and myoglobin-specific longterm T cell cultures. This strategy has enabled the localization of the full profile of dominant sites of T cell recognition in myoglobin for these mouse strains. Of these T sites, one region, residues 107-125, was clearly immunodominant in these strains and was found to coincide with the antigenic (i.e. antibody binding) site 4 of myoglobin. Also, other regions stimulated T cells and appeared to coincide with previously known antigenic sites. It is noteworthy that, in addition to sites recognized by both T and B cells, the protein has other sites which are recognized exclusively by T cells and to which no detectable antibody response is directed.
Design of an interactive lumbar puncture simulator with tactile feedback (2002)

Lumbar puncture for purposes of administering spinal or epidural anesthesia is a complex clinical skill which requires the clinician to precisely correlate a detailed mental map of hidden three-dimensional anatomy with tactile feedback from the spinal needle as it's being inserted. At Dartmouth, a collaborative work between the engineering and medical schools is aimed at developing a computer-based simulation utilizing high-resolution 3D graphics and a force-feedback device to simulate the "feel" of inserting the needle. This paper describes the mechanical design, hardware and software issues and some of the technical challenges being addressed in this project.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dopamine: A Research Framework for Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) research has grown significantly in recent years. A number of software offerings now exist that provide stable, comprehensive implementations for benchmarking. At the same time, recent deep RL research has become more diverse in its goals. In this paper we introduce Dopamine, a new research framework for deep RL that aims to support some of that diversity. Dopamine is open-source, TensorFlow-based, and provides compact and reliable implementations of some state-of-the-art deep RL agents. We complement this offering with a taxonomy of the different research objectives in deep RL research. While by no means exhaustive, our analysis highlights the heterogeneity of research in the field, and the value of frameworks such as ours.
Security enhancements in AODV protocol for wireless ad hoc networks (2002)

Ad hoc networks are a new generation of networks offering unrestricted mobility without any underlying infrastructure. Primary applications of ad hoc networks are in military, tactical and other security-sensitive operations, where the environment is hostile. Hence, security is a critical issue. Due to the nature of ad hoc networks, conventional security measures cannot be used. New security techniques are essential for a high-survivability network. The performance of the protocol may be severely affected in the presence of compromised nodes that inflict unpredictable and undetectable Byzantine failure. We have identified certain misbehaviors caused by a malicious node to a reactive routing protocol, specifically the ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) protocol. We also discuss the intrusion detection and intrusion prevention model to prevent several identified attacks in the network.
Sensitivity of Spirometric Measurements to Detect Airway Obstruction in Infants (2003)

Abstract We evaluated the ability of forced expiratory flow volume curves from raised lung volumes to assess airway function among infants with differing severities of respiratory symptoms. Group 1 (n = 33) had previous respiratory symptoms but were currently asymptomatic; group 2 (n = 36) was symptomatic at the time of evaluation. As a control group, we used our previously published sample of 155 healthy infants. Flow volume curves were quantified by FVC, FEF50 , FEF75, FEF25–75, FEV0.5, and FEV0.5/FVC, which were expressed as Z scores. All variables except FVC had Z scores that were significantly less than zero and distinguished groups 1 and 2 with progressively lower Z scores. The mean Z scores of the flow variables (FEF50%, FEF75%, and FEF25–75%) were more negative than the Z scores for the timed expired volumes (FEV0.5 or FEV0.5/FVC) for both groups. In general, measures of flow identified a greater number of infants with abnormal lung function than measures of timed volume; FEF50 had the highest performance in detecting abnormal lung function. In summary, forced expiratory maneuvers obtained by the raised volume rapid compression technique can discriminate among groups of infants with differing severity of respiratory symptoms, and measures of forced expiratory flows were better than timed expiratory volume in detecting abnormal airway function.
The effect of sound on the growth of plants (2001)

This project is intended to show how the rate of growth of two different plant species was affected by sounds of varying frequencies.Two plant species, beans and impatiens, were selected because of their rel atively fast growing rates.Ambient conditions were regulated by environmental chambers in which the plants were housed.One chamber was used as a control for the plants, and the plants in the other chambers were subjected to sounds of different frequencies at roughly the same sound intensity.Sounds of pure tones and random [wide band] noise were used.The changes in the growth of the plants were monitored every two days for twenty-eight days.Upon completion of the tests, it was observed that optimum plant growth occurred when the plant was exposed to pure tones in which the wavelength coincided with the average of major leaf dimensions.It is suggested that this was due to the "scrubbing" action of the traversing wave, causing air particle motion on the surface of the leaf; this movement removed the stagnant air layer adjacent to the leaf, thus increasing the transpiration of the plant.It was also noted that the plant growth was less when exposed to random noise. SOMMAIRECe project avait pour but de montrer comment le taux de croissance des deux espces de plantes tre influ par une varit d'ondes sonores.Les deux espces, des haricots et des impatiens, ont t choisis cause de leur croissance rapide.Les plantes furent places dans des sailles donc les conditions ambiantes taient rgles selon les critres environnmentales.Une salle servit de contrle pour les plantes.Dans les autres salles, les plantes furent exposes divers ondes sonores d'environnment la mme intensit.Des ondes sonores claires et croissant au hazard furent difuses.Les taux de croissance furent servi des prs.C'est dire, tout les deux jours jusqu' au visit-huitime jour.A la fin de ces tests, nous avons observ t la crois sance optimum a eu lieu dans les plantes exposes aux ondies sonores claires, et que la longeur des ces ondes coincidait avec la dimension moyenne des feuilles.On suggre que ceci s'est produit quand les ondes sonores ont "balay" les particules dans l 'air sur la surface de la feuille.Ce dplacement d'air stagnnat attenant la feille permet ensuite celle-ci d'augmenter la transpiration vgtale.Aussi, nous avons observ une baisse de croissance dans les plantes exposes aux ondes sonores choisies au hazard.
Cloud Point (2016)

The document defines the terms most commonly encountered in the field of polymer blends and composites. The scope has been limited to mixtures in which the components differ in chemical composition or molar mass and in which the continuous phase is polymeric. Incidental thermodynamic descriptions are mainly limited to binary mixtures although, in principle, they could be generalized to multicomponent mixtures.
Analytical Procedures Employing Karl Fischer Reagent. I. Nature of the Reagent (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalytical Procedures Employing Karl Fischer Reagent. I. Nature of the ReagentDonald Milton. Smith, W. M. D. Bryant, and J. MitchellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 9, 2407–2412Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01878a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01878a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views372Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reduction of Multistage Disk Models: Application to an Industrial Rotor (2008)

The present study deals with the reduction of models of multistage bladed disk assemblies. The proposed method relies on the substructuring of the rotor into sectors. The bladed disks are coupled by intermediate rings, which remove the problem of incompatible meshes. The sectors are represented by superelements whose kinematic subspaces are spanned by a set of cyclic modeshapes and a set of normal modes when their left and right interfaces are fixed. The first step is to compute the cyclic modeshapes that are defined on the full rotor by enforcing the uncoupling of the spatial Fourier harmonics. This leads to a family of subproblems parametrized by the harmonic coefficient, similar to the classical approach used to deal with tuned bladed disks. The subsequent reduction process leads to compact reduced models whose accuracy has been extensively tested on simple but realistic academic models. The proposed methodology was then applied to an industrial rotor to conduct an analysis at a wider scale. This case was also the occasion to point out the fact that the assembly of individual disk models into a rotor model is really straightforward and provides an efficient tool to observe and predict coupled phenomena.
Easy Fabrication of Highly Thermal-Stable Cellulose Nanocrystals Using Cr(NO3)3 Catalytic Hydrolysis System: A Feasibility Study from Macro- to Nano-Dimensions (2017)

This study reported on the feasibility and practicability of Cr(NO₃)₃ hydrolysis to isolate cellulose nanocrystals (CNC<sub>Cr(NO3)3</sub>) from native cellulosic feedstock. The physicochemical properties of CNC<sub>Cr(NO3)3</sub> were compared with nanocellulose isolated using sulfuric acid hydrolysis (CNC<sub>H2SO4</sub>). In optimum hydrolysis conditions, 80 °C, 1.5 h, 0.8 M Cr(NO₃)₃ metal salt and solid-liquid ratio of 1:30, the CNC<sub>Cr(NO3)3</sub> exhibited a network-like long fibrous structure with the aspect ratio of 15.7, while the CNC<sub>H2SO4</sub> showed rice-shape structure with an aspect ratio of 3.5. Additionally, Cr(NO₃)₃-treated CNC rendered a higher crystallinity (86.5% ± 0.3%) with high yield (83.6% ± 0.6%) as compared to the H₂SO₄-treated CNC (81.4% ± 0.1% and 54.7% ± 0.3%, respectively). Furthermore, better thermal stability of CNC<sub>Cr(NO3)3</sub> (344 °C) compared to CNC<sub>H2SO4</sub> (273 °C) rendered a high potential for nanocomposite application. This comparable effectiveness of Cr(NO₃)₃ metal salt provides milder hydrolysis conditions for highly selective depolymerization of cellulosic fiber into value-added cellulose nanomaterial, or useful chemicals and fuels in the future.
Variant tricarboxylic acid cycle in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> : Identification of α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase (2005)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has adapted its metabolism for persistence in the human macrophage. The adaptations are likely to involve Mtb's core intermediary metabolism, whose enzymes have been little studied. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is expected to yield precursors for energy, lipids, amino acids, and heme. The genome sequence of Mtb H37Rv predicts the presence of a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle, but we recently found that alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KDH) activity is lacking in Mtb lysates. Here we showed that citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, fumarase, malate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase, but not KDH, are present, raising the possibility of separate oxidative and reductive half-cycles. As a potential link between the half-cycles, we found that Rv1248c, annotated as encoding SucA, the putative E1 component of KDH, instead encodes alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylase (Kgd) and produces succinic semialdehyde. Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity was detected in Mtb lysates and recapitulated with recombinant proteins GabD1 (encoded by Rv0234c) and GabD2 (encoded by Rv1731). Kgd and GabD1 or GabD2 form an alternative pathway from alpha-ketoglutarate to succinate. Rv1248c, which is essential or required for normal growth of Mtb [Sassetti, C., Boyd, D. H. & Rubin, E. J. (2003) Mol. Microbiol 48, 77-84] is the first gene shown to encode a Kgd. Kgd is lacking in humans and may represent a potential target for chemotherapy of tuberculosis.
Synthesis of 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-halobenzonitriles (1996)

Abstract The practical synthetic method for a series of substantially novel fluorine-containing polyfunctional aromatic compounds, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-halobenzonitriles [halo = Cl, Br, and F], was established by using copper-cyano complexes as effective Sandmeyer cyanating reagents.
Phosphorus Removal from Municipal Wastewater by Hydrous Ferric Oxide Reactive Filtration and Coupled Chemically Enhanced Secondary Treatment: Part II—Mechanism (2008)

The removal mechanism of a hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) reactive filtration (RF) process with coupled chemically enhanced secondary treatment (RECYCLE) for phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater (HFO‐RF‐RECYCLE) was examined. A 0.95‐ML/d (0.25‐mgd) demonstration of HFO‐RF‐RECYCLE was performed at a municipal wastewater treatment plant equipped with oxidation ditches and secondary clarifiers. Influent to the plant averaged 6.0 mg/L phosphorus, with a 3‐month tertiary effluent average of 0.011 mg/L phosphorus. In addition to aqueous geochemical modeling, experiments with surface charge, scanning electron microscopy, adsorptive capacity, thermal desorption, and most probable number of iron(III)‐reducing bacteria were performed on samples from the system, to determine the major phosphorus‐removal pathways. Results suggest that, in addition to filtration of particulate phosphorus, the low tertiary effluent total phosphorus result was achieved by adsorption.
Evaluations of Filament-Reinforced Composites for Aerospace Structural Applications. (1965)

Elastic constant, tensile, and compressive strength analysis for structural efficiency study of filament reinforced sandwich cylindrical shell
THE BINDING OF LECTINS TO SHEEP TISSUES AND CIRCULATING CELLS: PEANUT AGGLUTININ, A MARKER FOR PRESUMPTIVE T‐LYMPHOCYTES (1980)

A study was undertaken into the binding of 7 fluorescein (FITC)-labelled, lectins to sheep tissues and cells. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), conconavalin A (con A) and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) bound strongly to all sheep tissues and circulating cells, while Dolichos biflorus (DBA) and Ulex europaeus (UEA) did not bind at all. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) and soybean agglutinin (SBA) bound to thymus and lymph node cell suspensions and to a proportion of circulating cells, but only weakly to the other sheep tissues tested. PNA and SBA bound to polymorphs and monocytes, making it necessary to treat whole blood with carbonyl-iron and magnet to remove the phagocytic cells before purfication of the peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL). PNA bound to 40 to 50% of carbonyl-iron treated PBL and to 65 to 70% of the cells in efferent popliteal lymph. Using a rhodamine-labelled anti-sheep lg reagent greater than 98% of PNA + cells in lymph and carbonyl-iron treated PBL were sIg-. Furthermore, using an FITC-labelled F(ab')2 anti-sheep Ig reagent, the sum of the 0/0 PNA+cells and sIg+ cells in individually labelled preparations was equal to the percentage of cells labelled when both reagents were added simultaneously. Cells binding PNA were found in more dense regions of buoyant density gradients and were less adherent to nylon wool than cells having surface immunoglobulin (sIg). Approximately 20 to 30% of PBL and 10 to 20% of the cells in lymph were PNA-/sIg- and these were termed 'null' cells. Although Con A induced sheep PBL to transform in tissue culture, PNA, SBA and WGA all failed to stimulate the incorporation of 3H-thymidine at the concentrations tested. Sorting lymph cells from BCG vaccinated sheep into PNA+ and PNA- subpopulations showed that the cells able to transform in vitro to the specific antigen, purified protein derivative (PPD) or the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were in the PNA+ but not PNA- population.
Transplantation of embryonic spleen tissue reveals a role for adult non‐lymphoid cells in initiating lymphoid tissue organization (2008)

In this report we describe a transplantation system where embryonic spleens are grafted into adult hosts. This model can be used to analyze the cellular and molecular requirements for the development and organization of splenic microenvironments. Whole embryonic day 15 (ED15) spleens, grafted under the kidney capsule of adult mice, were colonized by host-derived lymphocytes and DC and developed normal splenic architecture. Grafts were also able to form germinal centers in response to T-dependent antigen. Using this system we demonstrated that adult host-derived lymphotoxin (LT) alpha was sufficient for the development of ED15 LT alpha(-/-) grafts. Grafting of ED15 LT alpha(-/-) spleens into RAG(-/-) hosts followed by transfer of LT alpha(-/-) splenocytes revealed no requirement for lymphocyte-derived LT alpha in the induction of CCL21 or the development of T-zone stroma. These data suggest that interactions between adult lymphoid-tissue inducer-like cells and embryonic stromal cells initiated T-zone development. Furthermore, adult lymphoid tissue inducer-like cells were shown to develop from bone marrow-derived progenitors. The model described here demonstrates a method of transferring whole splenic microenvironments and dissecting the stromal and hematopoietic signals involved in spleen development and organization.
Physical telepresence: Growth trends of Tangible User Interface and its future (2016)

Tangible User Interface (TUI) started with the invention of mouse and keyboard. Since the last two decades, TUI has experienced tremendous growth and has provided us with a link between the physical and the digital world. Even though, MIT Tangible Lab develops several tangible interface models every year, the research work in TUI is still in its infancy and extensive work is required to fully understand the potential of Tangible User Interfaces. This paper describes a brief history and some landmark Tangible User Interface models. It first acknowledges the existing work in TUI. Then, it is followed by the comparison between several TUI models. The paper brings out methods and technologies which are used in building TUI. It also aims at finding the advantages, disadvantages and applications of some TUI models. The paper concludes with finding those factors which are responsible for the growth of TUI.
Utilization of orotate as a pyrimidine source by Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli requires the dicarboxylate transport protein encoded by dctA (1996)

Mutants deficient in orotate utilization (initially termed out mutants) were isolated by selection for resistance to 5-fluoroorotate (FOA), and the mutations of 12 independently obtained isolates were found to map at 79 to 80 min on the Salmonella typhimurium chromosome. A gene complementing the mutations was cloned and sequenced and found to possess extensive sequence identity to characterized genes for C4-dicarboxylate transport (dctA) in Rhizobium species and to the sequence inferred to be the dctA gene of Escherichia coli. The mutants were unable to utilize succinate, malate, or fumarate as sole carbon source, an expected phenotype of dctA mutants, and introduction of the cloned DNA resulted in restoration of both C4-dicarboxylate and orotate utilization. Further, succinate was found to compete with orotate for entry into the cell. The S. typhimurium dctA gene encodes a highly hydrophobic polypeptide of 45.4 kDa, and the polypeptide was found to be enriched in the membrane fraction of minicells harboring a dctA+ plasmid. The DNA immediately upstream of the deduced -35 region contains a putative cyclic AMP-cyclic AMP receptor protein complex binding site, thus affording an explanation for the more effective utilization of orotate with glycerol than with glucose as carbon source. The E. coli dctA gene was cloned from a lambda vector and shown to complement C4-dicarboxylate and orotate utilization in FOA-resistant mutants of both E. coli and S. typhimurium. The accumulated results demonstrate that the dctA gene product, in addition to transporting C4-dicarboxylates, mediates the transport of orotate, a cyclic monocarboxylate.
Self-Organized Gas-Discharge Patterns in a Dielectric-Barrier Discharge System (2008)

A rich variety of gas-discharge patterns have been observed in a specially designed dielectric-barrier discharge system with two liquid electrodes. The patterns presented here include square-lattice pattern, square-texture pattern, square-superlattice pattern, hexagonal superlattice state, multiarmed-spiral pattern, hollow-hexagonal pattern, and rotating-wheels pattern.
The antitumor ether lipid 1-Q-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycerophosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3) inhibits the association between Ras and Raf-1. (2003)

Our findings suggest that ET-18-OCH3 associates specifically with Raf-1 in the cytosol and interferes in the interaction of Raf-1 with activated Ras, thereby reducing the levels that are translocated to the membrane for activation. Thus Raf-1 appears to be a molecular target of ET-18-OCH3.