gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fast torsionally compliant kinematic model of concentric-tube robots (2012)

Concentric-tube robots have the potential to become an important surgical tool for robot-assisted percutaneous interventions. They can provide dexterous operation in a small constrained environment. The kinematic model of a concentric-tube robot has been well developed in terms of accuracy, but the computational cost places limitations on real-time implementation. In this paper, we propose a new technique that will substantially improve the computational efficiency of evaluating the kinematics of a concentric-tube robot in the context of developing a control strategy without sacrificing the accuracy of the results. In this paper we develop a torsionally compliant kinematic model using global variables. The model is validated by comparing the results obtained by computing the kinematic model corresponding to an experimental setup of a concentric-tube robot to which a force/torque sensor has been mounted at its base with those obtained directly from the experimental setup. The results indicate that it is feasible to compute the kinematics of the concentric-tube robot fast enough to allow the position/force control loop to be implemented at a rate of 1 kHz.
A New Aminoalkylation Reaction. Condensation of Phenols with Dihydro-1,3-aroxazines<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Aminoalkylation Reaction. Condensation of Phenols with Dihydro-1,3-aroxazines1W. J. Burke, J. L. Bishop, E. L. Mortensen Glennie, and W. N. Bauer Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 10, 3423–3427Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01021a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01021a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views974Altmetric-Citations129LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhanced bone ingrowth and fixation strength with hydroxyapatite-coated porous implants. (1991)

The effect of a hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on the interface attachment strength, rate of development of attachment strength, and degree of bone ingrowth of porous implants was investigated. Implants with ideal surgical fits and those having interface gap spaces were evaluated using femoral transcortical and intramedullary models. The application of a thin HA coating to porous implants significantly enhanced both interface attachment strength and bone ingrowth. The rate of development of interface strength and bone ingrowth was also more rapid with the HA-coated system. There was no evidence of any disruption, loss, or resorption of the HA coating.
26. The reaction between 2-picoline and aromatic aldehydes (1933)

B. D. Shaw and E. A. Wagstaff, J. Chem. Soc., 1933, 77 DOI: 10.1039/JR9330000077
A Simplified Method for the Preparation of Transcriptionally Active Liver Nuclear Extracts (1990)

We have developed a simplified method for the preparation of liver nuclear extracts to study gene regulation and protein-DNA interactions. This protocol uses conventional laboratory equipment and standard reagents. The liver tissue is homogenized in a low-salt solution at physiological molarity with subsequent adjustment of the molarity and purification of nuclei by density sedimentation. The nuclear extracts are transcriptionally active in a validated cell-free transcription assay and contain functional DNA-binding proteins. This protocol results in the rapid preparation of highly reproducible and active liver nuclear extracts.
Personalized Guideline-Based Treatment Recommendations Using Natural Language Processing Techniques (2017)

Clinical guidelines and clinical pathways are accepted and proven instruments for quality assurance and process optimization. Today, electronic representation of clinical guidelines exists as unstructured text, but is not well-integrated with patient-specific information from electronic health records. Consequently, generic content of the clinical guidelines is accessible, but it is not possible to visualize the position of the patient on the clinical pathway, decision support cannot be provided by personalized guidelines for the next treatment step. The Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) provides common reference terminology as well as the semantic link for combining the pathways and the patient-specific information. This paper proposes a model-based approach to support the development of guideline-compliant pathways combined with patient-specific structured and unstructured information using SNOMED CT. To identify SNOMED CT concepts, a software was developed to extract SNOMED CT codes out of structured and unstructured German data to map these with clinical pathways annotated in accordance with the systematized nomenclature.
13.5 nm EUV generation from tin-doped droplets using a fiber laser (2007)

A comprehensive study of the spectral and Mo-Si mirror inband EUV emission from tin-doped droplet laser plasma targets irradiated with a single 1064 nm beam from an Yb:doped fiber laser is reported.With pre-pulse enhancement, in-band conversion efficiency of approximately 2.1% is measured for laser irradiance intensities near 8 x 10(10) W/cm(2). This is the first study to be reported that uses a high-power, high repetition rate fiber laser with the high repetition rate droplet targets where EUV generation from plasmas is measured.
Synthesis of texaphyrin conjugates (2004)

Abstract This paper summarizes recent synthetic efforts devoted to the generation of new, second-generation texaphyrin-type drugs, specifically species that involve known or potential anticancer agents covalently attached to a tumor-localizing texaphyrin core. Particular emphasis will be placed on the strategies needed to prepare such systems, as well as on the choice of active group being subject to attachment.
The allergic mouse model of asthma: normal smooth muscle in an abnormal lung? (2004)

Mice with allergically inflamed airways are widely used as animal models of asthma, but their relevance for human asthma is not understood. We, therefore, examined the time course of changes in respiratory input impedance during induced bronchoconstriction in BALB/c mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. Our results indicate that bronchoconstriction in mice is accompanied by complete closure of substantial regions of the lung and that closure increases markedly when the lungs are allergically inflamed. With the aid of an anatomically accurate computational model of the mouse lung, we show that the hyperresponsiveness of mice with allergically inflamed airways can be explained entirely by a thickening of the airway mucosa and an increased propensity of the airways to close, without the involvement of any increase in the degree of airway smooth muscle shortening. This has implications for the pathophysiology of asthma and suggests that at least some types of asthma may benefit from therapies aimed at manipulating surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the lungs.
MUTATIONS AFFECTING SEXUAL CONJUGATION AND RELATED PROCESSES IN <i>SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE</i>. II. GENETIC ANALYSIS OF NONMATING MUTANTS (1974)

Rare diploids formed by sterile mutants have been studied by tetrad analysis. Sixteen classes of mutants representing at least five distinct genetic loci have been defined. One group of mutations, isolated only in alpha, maps at the mating-type locus, while none of the others shows any linkage to mating type. Some of the mutations are nonspecific for mating type, while others act only on a or alpha. In addition, mutations were found that prevent sporulation when heterozygous in diploids. These appear to be mutations of the mating-type alleles.
Ensemble tracking: a new method for 2D vector velocity measurement (2002)

The authors describe a new method, called ensemble tracking, for quantifying two dimensional velocities. Compared to previous two-dimensional speckle tracking techniques, ensemble tracking measures motion over smaller translations, thereby reducing errors due to speckle decorrelation. The technique involves acquisition of an ensemble of 2D line sets along a single line of sight using parallel receive processing. This ensemble may be thought of as a sequence of 2D "snapshots" of the same spatial region at different time instants. A kernel region in each snapshot is tracked within slightly larger search regions in subsequent snapshots, providing velocity estimates at multiple time lags. Interpolation is employed to provide velocity estimates for sub-pixel translations that occur in the short time intervals between parallel acquisitions. The authors present the results of initial computer simulations indicating the ability to track such sub-pixel translations, and discuss directions for further research in this area.
Modulation of presynaptic GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors by endogenous neurosteroids (2011)

The modulation of presynaptic GABA(A) receptors by endogenous neurosteroids might affect the excitability of the dentate gyrus-hilus-CA3 network, and thus contribute, at least in part, to some pathological conditions, such as catamenial epilepsy and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
Security risk analysis for asset in relation to vulnerability, probability of threats and attacks (2008)

Network security management plays a crucial role in protecting organization assets and its computer infrastructure by identifying an effective control that reduces the risk of attacks and failures. Network risk assessment is a subjective process that is affected by multiple distinctive variables. These variables are associated with the organization assets and their impact on the health of the organization. To preserve the value of these assets, they must be protected from failure or attacks. In addition vulnerability assessment must be undertaken to assess the value of these assets for possible deficiency that would cause successful attacks. The main factors affecting failure are threats which can include threat of attack, environmental threat, and process related threats. On the other hand, preventing attacks on these assets would reduce the risk of failure and consequently maintain the health of the organization. A risk assessment methodology is described in this paper to assist managers in evaluating the security risk of their organization which is based on the identified variables related to vulnerabilities, threats, and possible attacks.
A Circulating Foam Loop for Evaluating Foam at Conditions of Use (2003)

Abstract Foam stability is an important parameter for foamed fracturing. Bench-top testing is useful for screening but does not address the necessary conditions of temperature, pressure, pH (particularly with carbon dioxide [CO2] systems) and dynamic flow conditions which can have unexpected influence on the foam's performance. A laboratory apparatus has been constructed for measuring the rheology of circulating foam fluids to 400°F and 2000 psi. The apparatus is equipped with a circulation pump, view cells, foam generator, mass flowmeter and piping for loading a foam of the desired quality using either nitrogen or CO2. The foam rheometer is intended for evaluation of foam stability with time and comparison of various foam formulations for application in foam fracturing. The foam loop was designed to mimic shear rates found in a fracture or reservoir, which are typically 200 s-1 or less. The rheology is measured by monitoring the pressure drop across a 20-ft length of ¼-in. tubing maintained at temperature in an oven. Flow rate is continually adjusted to ensure a constant shear rate in the tubing by the software using continuous mass flowmeter input. Results relating to CO2 and nitrogen foams are discussed with emphasis on foam persistence, bubble size and population, and the rheological behavior with time. Temperature, pressure, and additives affect both foam texture and foam stability. The adoption of a standard technique patterned after this work for evaluating foam rheology could impact the use and development of foam fluids in the future.
N2O decomposition over (CaO)1−x(MO)xoxide systems (M=Ti, Cr):relation with photoluminescence (1997)

(CaO) 1-x (MO) x oxide systems (M=Ti, Cr;x=0–1), prepared at 1150 °C under atmospheric conditions, were investigated for their photoluminescence as well as for their catalytic activity in N 2 O decomposition in the temperature range 400–650 °C. As shown by XRD analysis, the solids are either multicomponent systems or simple phase oxides. Titanium addition to CaO of up to 30% results in a significant enhancement of the catalytic activity, while chromium addition beyond 1% has the reverse effect; solids rich in Ti or Cr are rather inactive. Thus, the systems showing considerable activity are either simple phase CaO, or CaO–CaTiO 3 mixed oxides. The photoluminescence intensity of the catalysts was found to be suppressed by addition of Cr or Ti (>0.5%) to CaO. Although the catalytic activity is affected in different ways by addition of Ti or Cr, and a variety of structural composition are noted for the (CaO) 1-x (MO) x catalysts, a relation between catalytic activity and photoluminescence is observed, not only across each sample series, but also for the total set of catalysts.
A Novel Approach for Determining Cancer Genomic Breakpoints in the Presence of Normal DNA (2007)

CDKN2A (encodes p16(INK4A) and p14(ARF)) deletion, which results in both Rb and p53 inactivation, is the most common chromosomal anomaly in human cancers. To precisely map the deletion breakpoints is important to understanding the molecular mechanism of genomic rearrangement and may also be useful for clinical applications. However, current methods for determining the breakpoint are either of low resolution or require the isolation of relatively pure cancer cells, which can be difficult for clinical samples that are typically contaminated with various amounts of normal host cells. To overcome this hurdle, we have developed a novel approach, designated Primer Approximation Multiplex PCR (PAMP), for enriching breakpoint sequences followed by genomic tiling array hybridization to locate the breakpoints. In a series of proof-of-concept experiments, we were able to identify cancer-derived CDKN2A genomic breakpoints when more than 99.9% of wild type genome was present in a model system. This design can be scaled up with bioinformatics support and can be applied to validate other candidate cancer-associated loci that are revealed by other more systemic but lower throughput assays.
Enzymatic Preparation of 2′–5′,3′–5′-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations (2019)

Cyclic dinucleotides are second messengers in the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, which plays an important role in recognizing tumor cells and viral or bacterial infections. They bind to the STING adaptor protein and trigger expression of cytokines via TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1)/interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK)/nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) signaling cascades. In this work, we describe an enzymatic preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-cyclic dinucleotides (2'3'CDNs) with use of cyclic GMP-AMP synthases (cGAS) from human, mouse, and chicken. We profile substrate specificity of these enzymes by employing a small library of nucleotide-5'-triphosphate (NTP) analogues and use them to prepare 33 2'3'CDNs. We also determine affinity of these CDNs to five different STING haplotypes in cell-based and biochemical assays and describe properties needed for their optimal activity toward all STING haplotypes. Next, we study their effect on cytokine and chemokine induction by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and evaluate their cytotoxic effect on monocytes. Additionally, we report X-ray crystal structures of two new CDNs bound to STING protein and discuss structure-activity relationship by using quantum and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) computational modeling.
Multiple sclerosis: glatiramer acetate induces anti-inflammatory T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (2008)

Glatiramer acetate (GA) is believed to induce GA-reactive T cells that secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines at the site of inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, GA-reactive T cells have not been established from the intrathecal compartment of MS patients, and intrathecal T cells may differ from T cells in blood. Here, we compared the phenotype of GA-reactive T cells from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of five MS patients treated with GA for 3-36 months, and in three of these patients also before treatment. From the CSF of these patients, all 22 T cell lines generated before and all 38 T cell lines generated during treatment were GA-reactive. GA treatment induced a more pronounced anti-inflammatory profile of GA-reactive T cell lines from CSF than from blood. While GA-reactive T cell clones from CSF were restricted by either human leukocyte antigen (HLA) -DR or HLA-DP, only HLA-DR restricted GA-reactive T cell clones were detected in blood. No cross reactivity with myelin proteins was detected in GA-reactive T cell lines or clones from CSF. These results suggest that a selected subset of GA-reactive T cells are present in the intrathecal compartment, and support an anti-inflammatory mechanism of action for GA.
Evaluation of Quality Function Deployment System on Customers' Patronage: An X-Ray of Nigerian Insurance Industry (2016)

This study was conducted to x-ray the nexus between Quality Function Deployment System and Customers Patronage in the operations of insurance company in Nigeria with primary objective of investigating how insurance companies can employ quality function deployment factors to improve customers’ patronage in the face of economic crisis and environmental change. Survey method was used to collect primary data through administration of questionnaires on 278 respondents from the selected insurance companies. Regression analysis, ANOVA and standardized regression analysis were used to analyze the formulated hypotheses. The findings showed that (R 2 =0.865, Adj. R 2 =0.825, F-test=1242.8, P< 0.000, for Hypothesis 1); (R 2 =0.883, F-test=1263.4, P< 0.000 for Hypothesis 2) all the hypotheses were statistically significant at 5% level indicating  that QFD compliance is very keen  factor to customers’ loyalty and patronage. Also, QFD variables have positive impact on customer patronage in the selected insurance companies. Therefore, the authors recommended that, flexibility in payment structure, fulfillment of claim and voice of customer satisfaction, should be reviewed from time to time by the management as major factors that will increase the rate of insurance patronage in Nigeria and this will ensure companies survival in time face of economic depression and build golden image in the faces of potential customers. Keywords : Quality function Deployment, customers patronage, customers loyalty and Voice of customer satisfaction.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED: Diminished Glutathione Levels Cause Spontaneous and Mitochondria‐Mediated Cell Death in Neurons from Trisomy 16 Mice: (2000)

It has been suggested that the increased neuronal death in cultures from trisomy 16 (Ts16) mice, a model of Down's syndrome, might result from a diminished concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH). In this study we used microfluorometric techniques to investigate the effect of GSH levels on neuronal survival in diploid and Ts16 cultures. Addition of the GSH precursors cysteine and cystine and the antioxidant tocopherol to the culture medium increased the GSH concentration up to 126.0% in diploid and up to 111.9% in Ts16 neurons. Moreover, we observed a reduced spontaneous neuronal death rate in diploid and Ts16 cultures. Following the application of 50-100 microM glutamate to culture medium, we found a GSH increase in the presence of cysteine, cystine, tocopherol, and cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition (diploid, 105.8-110.8%; Ts16, 83.1-96.3%). However, only tocopherol and cyclosporin A had a protective effect on glutamate-induced neuronal death. The results suggest that reduced GSH levels affect the increase of a spontaneous and a mitochondria-mediated, cyclosporin A-sensitive type of neuronal cell death. Therefore, elevating intracellular GSH concentration may have neuroprotective effects in Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.
Reactions of biogenic amines with quinones (1984)

Reactions of benzo-1,4-quinone with 2-phenylethylamine and p -tyramine produced the novel 2,5- diamino-derivatives (2b,c), analogous to 2,5-dianilinobenzo-1,4-quinone (2a). 2,5-Dihydroxybenzo- 1,4-quinone (3) reacts with aniline to form the tetrol (4a) and not 2,5-dianilinobenzo-1,4-quinone (2a) as previously reported. This tetrol (4a) may hydrolyse to form the monoimine (5a). Only in boiling aniline was the 2,5-dianilino derivative (2a) produced from the tetrol (4a). Novel tetrols were similarly isolated from 2-phenylethylamine, p -tyramine and histamine. Benzo-1,2-quinone reactions with aniline and the above amines were also studied. Implications of these reactions for the extraction of amines from foods are discussed.
Feasibility of bone assessment with leaky Lamb wave in bovine cortical bone (2003)

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) technique is now widely used for non-invasive assessment of osteoporosis. The use of leaky Lamb wave is very attractive since it propagates throughout the cortical thickness of long bones, which means that the entire thickness of bones is interrogated. Feasibility of bone assessment with leaky Lamb wave is investigated in a bone phantom and bovine tibia in vitro using the axial transmission method commonly used to characterize human long bones. The bone phantom consists of Lucite plates with thicknesses of 1, 3, and 5 mm. The results obtained from the bone phantom show that the peak frequencies and amplitudes of excited Lamb modes are strongly dependent on the frequency-thickness product. In the case of the bovine tibia, the S0 Lamb mode may be more sensitive to any change of elastic properties inside the bone plate due to damage or to cortical thickness changes with aging and osteoporosis. This study suggests that leaky Lamb wave is feasible to ultrasonic bone assessment. [Work supported by BK21 Program in Korea.]