gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct isolation of human <i>BRCA2</i> gene by transformation-associated recombination in yeast (1997)

Mutant forms of the BRCA2 gene contribute significantly to hereditary breast cancer. Isolation of the normal and mutant forms of the BRCA2 gene with its natural promoter would greatly facilitate analysis of the gene and its contribution to breast cancer. We have accomplished the direct isolation of the 90-kb gene from total human DNA by transformation-associated recombination in yeast using a small amount of 5' and 3' BRCA2 sequence information. Because the entire isolation procedure of a single chromosomal gene could be accomplished in approximately 2 weeks, the transformation-associated recombination cloning approach is readily applicable to studies of chromosome alterations and human genetic diseases.
Temporal and spatial gradients of <i>Fgf8</i> and <i>Fgf17</i> regulate proliferation and differentiation of midline cerebellar structures (2000)

The midbrain-hindbrain (MHB) junction has the properties of an organizer that patterns the MHB region early in vertebrate development. Fgf8 is thought to mediate this organizer function. In addition to Fgf8, Fgf17 and Fgf18 are also expressed in the MHB junction. Fgf17 is expressed later and broader than either Fgf8 or Fgf18. Disrupting the Fgf17 gene in the mouse decreased precursor cell proliferation in the medial cerebellar (vermis) anlage after E11.5. Loss of an additional copy of Fgf8 enhanced the phenotype and accelerated its onset, demonstrating that both molecules cooperate to regulate the size of the precursor pool of cells that develop into the cerebellar vermis. However, expression patterns of Wnt1, En2, Pax5 and Otx2 were not altered suggesting that specification and patterning of MHB tissue was not perturbed and that these FGFs are not required to pattern the vermis at this stage of development. The consequence of this developmental defect is a progressive, dose-dependent loss of the most anterior lobe of the vermis in mice lacking Fgf17 and in mice lacking Fgf17 and one copy of Fgf8. Significantly, the differentiation of anterior vermis neuroepithelium was shifted rostrally and medially demonstrating that FGF also regulates the polarized progression of differentiation in the vermis anlage. Finally, this developmental defect results in an ataxic gait in some mice.
Purification of carcinoembryonic antigen by removal of contaminating mucopolysaccharides. (1976)

The fraction of carcinoembryonic antigen preparations not bound by concanavalin A was studied. A significant portion of this nonbound fraction of low antigenic activity was shown to be mucopolysaccharides by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis, and depolymerization by bovine testicular hyaluronidase.
Alkoxysilane (1951)

Die Untersuchung ber die Einwirkung von SiHj auf Kohlenwasserstoffe von G
Automatic Determination of Pressurized Water Reactor Core Loading Patterns That Maximize Beginning-of-Cycle Reactivity Within Power-Peaking and Burnup Constraints (1986)

Computational capability has been developed to automatically determine a good estimate of the core loading pattern, which minimizes fuel cycle costs for a pressurized water reactor (PWR). Equating fuel cycle cost minimization with core reactivity maximization, the objective is to determine the loading pattern that maximizes core reactivity while satisfying power peaking, discharge burnup, and other constraints. The method utilizes a two-dimensional, coarsemesh, finite difference scheme to evaluate core reactivity and fluxes for an initial reference loading pattern. First-order perturbation theory is applied to determine the effects of assembly shuffling on reactivity, power distribution, and end-of-cycle burnup. Monte Carlo integer programming is then used to determine a near-optimal loading pattern within a range of loading patterns near the reference pattern. The process then repeats with the new loading pattern as the reference loading pattern and terminates when no better loading pattern can be determined. The process was applied with both reactivity maximization and radial power-peaking minimization as objectives. Results on a typical large PWR indicate that the cost of obtaining an 8% improvement in radial power-peaking margin is ∼2% in fuel cycle costs, for the reload core loaded without burnable poisons that was studied.
A comparison of transdermal fentanyl versus epidural morphine for analgesia in dogs undergoing major orthopedic surgery (1999)

Postoperative analgesia provided by transdermal fentanyl was compared with that provided by epidural morphine in dogs undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Dogs randomly were assigned to receive either a 100 microg per hour transdermal fentanyl patch 24 hours prior to surgery (n=8) or epidural morphine (0.1 mg/kg body weight) administered following induction of anesthesia (n=10). Temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and pain score were recorded prior to surgery and zero, six, 18, 30, and 42 hours after surgery. Blood samples were collected from the dogs in the transdermal fentanyl group beginning 24 hours preoperatively to 42 hours postoperatively. Fentanyl concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. When all time periods after surgery were combined, dogs in the transdermal fentanyl group were experiencing significantly less pain after surgery than dogs given epidural morphine. The transdermal fentanyl provided analgesia after major orthopedic surgery greater than or equivalent to that of epidural morphine.
The Microsoft 2016 Conversational Speech Recognition System (2016)

We describe the 2017 version of Microsoft's conversational speech recognition system, in which we update our 2016 system with recent developments in neural-network-based acoustic and language modeling to further advance the state of the art on the Switchboard speech recognition task. The system adds a CNN-BLSTM acoustic model to the set of model architectures we combined previously, and includes character-based and dialog session aware LSTM language models in rescoring. For system combination we adopt a two-stage approach, whereby subsets of acoustic models are first combined at the senone/frame level, followed by a word-level voting via confusion networks. We also added a confusion network rescoring step after system combination. The resulting system yields a 5.1\% word error rate on the 2000 Switchboard evaluation set.
Rapid screening of environmental chemicals for estrogen receptor binding capacity. (1998)

Over the last few years, an increased awareness of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their potential to affect wildlife and humans has produced a demand for practical screening methods to identify endocrine activity in a wide range of environmental and industrial chemicals. While it is clear that in vivo methods will be required to identify adverse effects produced by these chemicals, in vitro assays can define particular mechanisms of action and have the potential to be employed as rapid and low-cost screens for use in large scale EDC screening programs. Traditional estrogen receptor (ER) binding assays are useful for characterizing a chemical's potential to be an estrogen-acting EDC, but they involve displacement of a radioactive ligand from crude receptor preparations at low temperatures. The usefulness of these assays for realistically determining the ER binding interactions of weakly estrogenic environmental and industrial compounds that have low aqueous solubility is unclear. In this report, we present a novel fluorescence polarization (FP) method that measures the capacity of a competitor chemical to displace a high affinity fluorescent ligand from purified, recombinant human ER-[alpha] at room temperature. The ER-[alpha] binding interactions generated for 15 natural and synthetic compounds were found to be similar to those determined with traditional receptor binding assays. We also discuss the potential to employ this FP technology to binding studies involving ER-ss and other receptors. Thus, the assay introduced in this study is a nonradioactive receptor binding method that shows promise as a high throughput screening method for large-scale testing of environmental and industrial chemicals for ER binding interactions.
Static thrust-vectoring performance of nonaxisymmetric convergent-divergent nozzles with post-exit yaw vanes (1991)

A static (wind-off) test was conducted in the Static Test Facility of the 16-ft transonic tunnel to determine the performance and turning effectiveness of post-exit yaw vanes installed on two-dimensional convergent-divergent nozzles. One nozzle design that was previously tested was used as a baseline, simulating dry power and afterburning power nozzles at both 0 and 20 degree pitch vectoring conditions. Vanes were installed on these four nozzle configurations to study the effects of vane deflection angle, longitudinal and lateral location, size, and camber. All vanes were hinged at the nozzle sidewall exit, and in addition, some were also hinged at the vane quarter chord (double-hinged). The vane concepts tested generally produced yaw thrust vectoring angles much less than the geometric vane angles, for (up to 8 percent) resultant thrust losses. When the nozzles were pitch vectored, yawing effectiveness decreased as the vanes were moved downstream. Thrust penalties and yawing effectiveness both decreased rapidly as the vanes were moved outboard (laterally). Vane length and height changes increased yawing effectiveness and thrust ratio losses, while using vane camber, and double-hinged vanes increased resultant yaw angles by 50 to 100 percent.
A conditionally active form of STAT6 can mimic certain effects of IL-4. (1998)

Binding of IL-4 to its cognate receptor leads to the activation of a number of signaling pathways within the cell. Activation of the transcription factor STAT6 by JAK family protein tyrosine kinases has been shown to be essential for the full response of cells to IL-4. To elucidate the role of STAT6 in IL-4 signaling, we have constructed and expressed in cells a conditionally active form of the protein (STAT6:ER*) by fusing STAT6 to a modified form of the hormone-binding domain of the estrogen receptor. Activation of STAT6:ER* by 4-hydroxytamoxifen leads to specific activation of STAT6-regulated gene expression including the activation of a STAT6 reporter construct and induction of CD23 in B cell lines. Interestingly, in contrast to native STAT6, activation of STAT6:ER* occurs in the absence of detectable tyrosine phosphorylation of the fusion protein. This type of conditional system will be helpful in dissecting the mechanisms and specificity of transcriptional regulation by the STAT family of transcription factors.
P‐202: A Flexible Transparent OLED Display with FlexUP<sup>TM</sup> Technology (2017)

A flexible segment transparent OLED display (T‐OLED) with FlexUP TM technology was demonstrated in this paper. Our monochromatic T‐OLED with transparent cathode structure Mg:Ag/HATCN/IZO can reach transmittance of 64.2%. Also, a flexible electrochromic (EC) shutter as a light‐blocking layer was placed behind the T‐OLED to enhance ambient contrast ratio. Total transmittance of T‐OLED/EC system is 54.2%. This T OLED/EC system can be used as information displays in curved windows like windshield even in a high brightness environment.
Temporary henna tattoo reactions in children (2001)

Case 1 A 9‐year‐old girl applied a temporary henna tattoo to her right arm and 1 week later repeated the same process. In the following 2 days, erythema and papulovesicular eruptions developed at the application site ( Fig. 1 ). Patch tests were performed with the European Standard Series, specific hairdressing agents, and commercial and natural henna. The patient showed a 3+ reaction to both natural henna and ‘‘ para ‐phenylenediamine (PPD)’' 1% and a 3+ reaction to nickel sulfate 5% at 48, 72, and 96 h ( Fig. 2 ). She was treated with topical steroid cream (beclomethasone dipropionate), applied twice daily. A slight postinflammatory hypopigmentation was observed at the time of the patch test. The hypopigmentation has gradually decreased in severity over time ( Fig. 3 ). Case 1: temporary henna tattoo reaction with papulovesicular eruptions image Case 1: patch test results. (A) 3+ reaction to nickel sulfate 5%; (B) 3+ reaction to para‐phenylenediamine (PPD) 1%; (C) 3+ reaction to natural henna image Case 1: postinflammatory hypopigmentation image Case 2 An 11‐year‐old boy was admitted to our outpatient clinic with itchy, erythematous, papulovesicular eruptions on the left arm. These lesions appeared after application of a temporary henna tattoo with a ‘‘do‐it‐yourself’' kit to the left arm. Patch tests were performed with the European Standard Series and commercial tattoo products. The patient showed only a 1+ reaction to commercial henna. He was treated with topical steroid cream (beclomethasone dipropionate), and 2 weeks later his lesions had totally disappeared. Case 3 A 12‐year‐old girl applied a temporary henna tattoo to her left arm. Several hours later, erythema, edema, and itching developed. Patch tests were performed as for Case 2. The patient showed a 2+ reaction to commercial henna. Topical steroid cream (beclomethasone dipropionate) was effective, and 3 weeks later the lesions had healed with slight hypopigmentation. The postinflammatory hypopigmentation traced the tattoo design exactly, which was in the form of a fish ( Fig. 4 ). On follow‐up, the hypopigmentation was not permanent. Case 3: fish‐shaped postinflammatory hypopigmentation image
Pathogenesis of Rhodococcus equi infection in mice: Roles of virulence plasmids and granulomagenic activity of bacteria (1995)

Virulence of Rhocococcus equi ATCC 33701 and its plasmid-cured derivative ATCC 33701P− was compared in BALB/c and C3H/HeJ mice in terms of bacterial growth kinetics and histological changes in the liver, spleen and lungs, and humoral immune responses. Injection with a sublethal dose of 106 ATCC 33701 in mice resulted in microabscess formation after rapid multiplication in the liver and spleen by day 4, and then the bacteria were gradually eliminated with the formation of granuloma and the production of specific antibodies against 15- to 17-kDa antigens of the virulent bacteria. By contrast, ATCC 33701P− was avirulent as shown by early elimination of viable bacteria and no evidence of net multiplication in the organs. Histopathological changes consisted of only slight, transient infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in the liver. Although live ATCC 33701P− did not evoke any humoral or histological responses in the mice, a large inoculum (108) of killed ATCC 33701 and ATCC 33701P− resulted in the formation of granuloma in the liver and accelerated extramedullary hemopoiesis in the spleen. These results suggest that the pathogenesis of R. equi infection involves at least two important virulence determinants, both of which play critical roles in the disease: one is the virulence plasmid, which is required for R. equi to resist and grow within host cells; and the other is the granulomagenic activity that is related to the lipids and nature of the cell wall of the species, which induces the characteistic pathological changes.
REVIEW ARTICLE Protection of the Neonate by the Innate Immune System of Developing Gut and of Human Milk (2007)

The neonatal adaptive immune system, relatively naive to foreign antigens, requires synergy with the innate immune system to protect the intestine. Goblet cells provide mucins, Paneth cells produce antimicrobial peptides, and dendritic cells (DCs) present luminal antigens. Intracellular signaling by Toll-like recep- tors (TLRs) elicits chemokines and cytokines that modulate inflam- mation. Enteric neurons and lymphocytes provide paracrine and endocrine signaling. However, full protection requires human milk. Breast-feeding reduces enteric infection and may reduce chronic disease in later life. Although human milk contains significant secre- tory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), most of its protective factors are constitutively expressed. Multifunctional milk components are nutri- ents whose partial digestion products inhibit pathogens. Cytokines, cytokine receptors, TLR agonists and antagonists, hormones, anti- inflammatory agents, and nucleotides in milk modulate inflammation. Human milk is rich in glycans (complex carbohydrates): As prebi- otics, indigestible glycans stimulate colonization by probiotic organ- isms, modulating mucosal immunity and protecting against patho- gens. Through structural homology to intestinal cell surface receptors, glycans inhibit pathogen binding, the essential first step of pathogenesis. Bioactive milk components comprise an innate im- mune system of human milk whereby the mother protects her nursing infant. Interactions between human milk glycans, intestinal micro- flora, and intestinal mucosa surface glycans underlie ontogeny of innate mucosal immunity, pathobiology of enteric infection, and inflammatory bowel diseases. (Pediatr Res 61: 2-8, 2007)
Genetic analysis of autoimmune gld mice. I. Identification of a restriction fragment length polymorphism closely linked to the gld mutation within a conserved linkage group. (1988)

A linkage map of distal mouse chromosome 1 was generated using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of DNA prepared from 95 [C3H-gld/gld X Mus spretus)F1 X C3H-gld/gld] backcross mice. The gene order was: (centromere) C4bp, Ren-1,2, Ly-5, [At-3/gld], Apoa-2/Ly-17, Spna-1 (telomere). All mice expressing the phenotype of gld homozygotes were homozygous for the At-3 RFLP characteristic of C3H mice and none of the mice heterozygous for At-3 RFLPs had characteristics of gld homozygotes, demonstrating close linkage between these genes. The identification of an RFLP closely linked to the gld gene provides a starting point for the identification of a genetic defect that results in abnormal T cells and autoimmune disease.
Experimental study of the effect of gas nature on plasma arc cutting of mild steel (2013)

This paper is devoted to the experimental investigation of arc cutting of mild steel using plasmas generated in gas and liquid media. Due to different chemical compositions, the examined media have different thermophysical properties, which affect the properties of the generated plasma and cutting performance. The experiments are performed on 15mm mild steel plates using commercial equipment at 60A to approach real operation conditions in application areas. The studied gases are chosen according to recommendations of the world’s leading manufacturers of arc cutting equipment for mild steel. Specific differences between plasma gases are discussed from the point of view of properties of the gas and the generated plasma, amount of removed material, kerf shape and overall energy balance of the cutting process. The paper describes the role of exothermic reaction of iron oxidation for oxygen cutting and explains its neglect for liquid cutting. This paper explains the potential of
The Canine Factor VIII 3′-Untranslated Region and a Concatemeric Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 Regulatory Element Enhance Factor VIII Transgene Expression <i>In Vivo</i> (2002)

If gene therapy is to be an effective treatment modality for hemophilia A, therapeutic levels and tissue-restricted expression of factor VIII (FVIII) must be achieved through optimization of transgene expression. To this end, we incorporated three types of sequence elements into a canine B domain-deleted FVIII transgene cassette and individually evaluated their effect on FVIII transgene expression. Functional FVIII activity was initially assessed in vitro and hydrodynamic injection of the different transgene constructs into mice was subsequently used as a model to compare in vivo expression of the various modified transgenes. Our results demonstrate that in vitro transgene expression is, in these studies, not a good predictor of in vivo transgene performance. In vivo analysis of a hybrid tissue-restricted promoter element, consisting of a concatemer of five hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF-1) consensus-binding motifs juxtaposed to the human FVIII proximal promoter, indicates that it is as efficient at mediating expression of the FVIII protein as the cytomegalovirus promoter. Addition of the full-length canine FVIII 3'-UTR also enhances transgene expression of FVIII in vivo. Sequence analysis of the canine FVIII 3'-UTR and human FVIII 3'-UTR indicates that the former lacks instability sequences and may therefore be more effective in stabilizing FVIII mRNA. Subsequent inclusion of FVIII introns 16 and 17 into the natural locations of the transgene disrupted mRNA processing and abolished expression of the FVIII protein. Introduction of intron 17 proximal to the FVIII cDNA did not enhance in vivo expression of canine FVIII from the transgene.
Contributions of  -Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance to the Pathogenesis of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Impaired Fasting Glucose (2006)

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) are intermediate states in glucose metabolism that exist between normal glucose tolerance and overt diabetes. Epidemiological studies demonstrate that the two categories describe distinct populations with only partial overlap, suggesting that different metabolic abnormalities characterize IGT and IFG. Insulin resistance and impaired beta-cell function, the primary defects observed in type 2 diabetes, both can be detected in subjects with IGT and IFG. However, clinical studies suggest that the site of insulin resistance varies between the two disorders. While subjects with IGT have marked muscle insulin resistance with only mild hepatic insulin resistance, subjects with IFG have severe hepatic insulin resistance with normal or near-normal muscle insulin sensitivity. Both IFG and IGT are characterized by a reduction in early-phase insulin secretion, while subjects with IGT also have impaired late-phase insulin secretion. The distinct metabolic features present in subjects with IFG and IGT may require different therapeutic interventions to prevent their progression to type 2 diabetes.
Security requirements, risks and recommendations for small enterprise and home‐office environments (1999)

The pervasive use of information technology in enterprises of every size and the emergence of widely deployed ubiquitous networking technologies have brought with them a widening need for security. Information system security policy development must begin with a thorough analysis of sensitivity and criticality. Risk analysis methodologies, like CRAMM, provide the ability to analyse and manage the associated risks. By performing a risk analysis on a typical small enterprise and a home‐office set‐up the article identifies the risks associated with availability, confidentiality, and integrity requirements. Although both environments share weaknesses and security requirements with larger enterprises, the risk management approaches required are different in nature and scale. Their implementation requires co‐operation between end users, network service providers, and software vendors.
Non-invasive in vitro sensing of <scp>d</scp> -glucose in pig blood (2011)

We have developed an electromagnetic resonant spiral sensor and have measured the glycemia in pig blood and the concentration of D-glucose in aqueous solution by using a real-time electromagnetic interaction phenomenon between the microwave sensor and the liquid. We could determine the concentration of glucose with a minimal resolution of 5 mg/dl in the 100-600 mg/dl concentration range at operating frequencies of about 7.65 GHz (for the glucose aqueous solution) and 7.77 GHz (for the pig blood sample). The change in the glucose concentration brings the changes of the microwave reflection coefficient due to the electromagnetic interaction between the resonator and the glucose solution. The in vitro results show the measured signal-to-noise ratio of about 34 dB, and the minimum detectible signal level of about 0.022 dB/(mg/dl). Our proposed system provides a unique approach for non-invasive and non-contact glucose monitoring, and it may serve as a bloodless glucometer.