gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Issues for library and information services (2018)

The practical implications of the need to ensure web accessibility are not always straightforward to assess. Few if any in the profession would argue against the aim of achieving as accessible a web presence as possible, but there is a variety of constraints which make achieving this objective difficult. Not least, libraries and information services have limited budgets and, much as staff may like to provide fully accessible services and equipment, the reality is that it is always a matter of choosing between conflicting demands. What is more, few libraries can afford to employ staff dedicated solely to accessibility and expert in its many ramifications: it is one requirement among many. Where, then, to start?
Recognition efficiency of the hepatitis B virus polyadenylation signals is tissue specific in transgenic mice (1992)

The hepatitis B virus genome contains a unique polyadenylation (TATAAA) signal which is differentially utilized in the formation of the various hepatitis B virus transcripts. A head-to-tail multiple-copy insertion of a viral fragment comprising the viral enhancer, the X promoter, the X open reading frame, and the viral poly(A) signal in transgenic mice allowed us to monitor tissue-specific differences in the expression of transcripts initiating from the X promoter. These transcripts are efficiently processed at the first polyadenylation site in the liver, while in the kidney, the brain, and the testis, a portion of the transcripts covers two copies of the transgene, since only the second polyadenylation site is properly recognized. As discussed in this article, this observation suggests a tissue-specific distribution of cellular factors involved in polyadenylation.
Analogues as a Means of Discovering New Drugs (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Designing of Analogues Analogues Produced by Homologous Variations Homology Through Monoalkylation Polymethylenic Bis-Ammonium Compounds: Hexa- and Decamethonium Homology in Cyclic Compounds Analogues Produced by Vinylogy Zaprinast Benzologues Analogues Produced by Isosteric Variations The Dominant Parameter is Structural The Dominant Parameter is Electronic The Dominant Parameter is Lipophilicity Positional Isomers Produced as Analogues Optical Isomers Produced as Analogues Racemic Switches Specific Profile for Each Enantiomer Analogues Produced by Ring Transformations Twin Drugs The Pros and Cons of Analogue Design The Success is Almost Warranted The Information is Available Financial Considerations Emergence of New Properties Analogue Design as a Means of Discovering New Drugs New Uses for Old Drugs The PASS Program New Leads from Old Drugs: The SOSA Approach Definition Rationale Availability Examples Discussion Conclusion
비만치료를 위한 기초실험분야에서의 새로운 타겟 (2012)

체지방은 항상성을 유지하면서 조절되는 경향이 있기 때문에 에너지 섭취 혹은 에너지 소비 한 쪽의 변화는 보상적인 적응으로 다시 저항에 직면하게 된다. 따라서 체중 조절 메카니즘의 여러 곳을 타겟으로 하는 복합적인 요법이 이러한 저항을 극복할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 복잡한 체중 조절 메카니즘에서의 비만 치료의 타겟으로 연구되어, 많은 관심을 받고 있는 최신 기초실험 연구의 일부를 소개하면, 식이 조절 기전에 대한 연구로 렙틴의 비강 투여, 렙틴 감수성을 증가시키는 말초 cannabinoid-1 수용체의 역 효현제(inverse agonist), 시상하부의 자가포식 연구가 있고; 비만 및 비만 관련 질환의 치료를 위한 영양 및 약리학적 표적으로 장내 미생물이 있으며; 에너지 소비, 열생산 및 갈색 지방조직을 비만 치료의 타겟으로한 PRDM16, NAD-의존적 deacetylase SirT1, Fibroblast growth factor 21, Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase, PGC-1 α의 존적 myokine인 irisin, Pten, Thioesterase superfamily member 1, 추위 노출에 대한 연구가 있다. 그리고 혈액응고의 주요한 개시인자인 조직인자(tissue factor)의 세포질 도메인과 protease-activated receptor 2가 비만인에서 체중 증가를 감소시키고, 비만 관련 제2형 당뇨병을 치료하기 위한 새로운 타겟으로 주목 받고 있다.
Quantitative contrast ratio comparison between T1 (TSE at 1.5T, FLAIR at 3T), magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo and subtraction imaging at 1.5T and 3T. (2013)

Our data indicate that for small lesions at 1.5T there is no significant difference in contrast ratio (CR) between T1 TSE and MPRAGE or at 3T between T1 FLAIR and MPRAGE despite the MPRAGE having the advantage of much thinner slices and a higher matrix. However, subtraction provided a markedly improved CR for all lesions at 1.5T and 3T regardless of lesion size. Subtraction should be considered for clinical use to improve detection of small or subtle enhancing lesions.
Quasi-analytical study of offset voltage due to piezoresistive effect in vertical Hall devices by mapping techniques (2004)

This paper presents a novel application of mapping techniques to assess the effect of piezoresistance on the offset voltage of vertical Hall sensors. The quasi-analytical method consists first of an "isotropization'' step performed by an affine transformation, followed by a more common series of conformal mappings. A detailed analysis of the mapping steps shows that sensors having all their contacts along a straight line will not exhibit any offset voltage due to piezoresistive effects if the sensor boundaries are placed far enough from the central contacts. In particular, the offset can be very efficiently reduced in 5-contact devices just by moving their vertical boundaries.
Rate Control Scheme for Spatial Scalability of H.264/SVC (2011)

This paper presents a rate control scheme for spatial scalability of H.264/SVC. At first, an adaptive method is proposed to decide the initial quantization parameter. Then, based on the transform coefficients distribution of spatial scalability, a new natural logarithm domain rate-distortion model is derived from the inspiration of the Cauchy-Density-Based model. Next, with above method and model, a rate control scheme is developed to match the characteristic of spatial scalability. The excellent performance of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by experimental results. Streszczenie. Artykul przedstawia metode kontroli szybkości system GH.264/SVC. Przy wykorzystaniu metody adaptacyjnej ustlany jest wspolczynnik kwantyzacji. Nastepnie bazując na rozkladzie przestrzennej skalowalności stosuje sie nowy algorytm dopasowujący szybkośc transmisji. (Kontrola szybkości transmisji dla przestrzennej skalowalności systemu kodowania H.264/SVC)
AMI-CPFSK heterodyne transmission experiment using a novel delay-line demodulation method (1990)

A novel delay-line demodulation method is proposed that can directly convert an AMI-CPFSK signal into a NRZ baseband signal. A pattern-independent 622 Mbit/s CPFSK heterodyne transmission experiment for a fibre span of 121 km is demonstrated by using AMI line coding and the proposed demodulation method.
Architectures and circuits for RF CMOS receivers (2002)

This paper presents recent work in receiver architectures and circuits for RF CMOS applications. First, receiver topologies such as heterodyne, direct-conversion, and image-reject configurations together with their trade-offs are described. Next, the design of building blocks, e.g., low-noise amplifiers and mixers, baseband interfaces, and oscillators is studied. Three design examples for ISM, DECT, and cellular applications are then reviewed and unresolved issues in RF CMOS design are summarized.
Silicon compilation from register-transfer schematics (2002)

A silicon compiler system for layout generation from generalized register-transfer schematics is described. This system uses the SLAM floorplan compiler and the ICDB component server with parameterizable bit-sliced and glue-logic generators. The SLAM compiler partitions the netlist into component sets best suited for different layout styles, such as bit-sliced or strip-oriented logic. Based on a stripped and sliced layout architecture, each component set is partitioned further into clusters to achieve better floorplanning. The ICDB component server is capable of optimizing logic and producing layouts for the component sets according to performance constraints. The component server provides layouts with different aspect ratios and I/O pin location for better floorplanning. Several experiments demonstrate that highly dense layouts can be achieved using this system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On-Demand Isolation of Bacteriophages Against Drug-Resistant Bacteria for Personalized Phage Therapy (2015)

Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses, capable of killing even multi-drug resistant bacterial cells. For this reason, therapeutic use of phages is considered as a possible alternative to conventional antibiotics. However, phages are very host specific in comparison to wide-spectrum antibiotics and thus preparation of phage-cocktails beforehand against pathogens can be difficult. In this study, we evaluate whether it may be possible to isolate phages on-demand from environmental reservoir. We attempted to enrich infectious bacteriophages from sewage against nosocomial drug-resistant bacterial strains of different medically important species in order to evaluate the probability of discovering novel therapeutic phages. Stability and host-range were determined for the acquired phages. Our results suggest that on-demand isolation of phages is possible against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella and extended spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The probability of finding suitable phages was less than 40% against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus and Acinetobacter baumannii strains. Furthermore, isolation of new phages against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains was found to be very difficult.
Global dynamics of a HTLV-I infection model with CTL response (2013)

In this paper, a HTLV-I infection model with CTL response is considered. To account for a series of events in infection process, we incorporate a intracellular time delay in the model. We prove that the global dynamics are determined by two threshold parameters $R_0$ and $R_1$, basic reproduction numbers for viral infection and for CTL response, respectively. If $R_0<1$, the infection-free equilibrium $P_0$ is globally asymptotically stable. If $R_1<1<R_0$, the asymptomatic-carrier equilibrium $P_1$ is globally asymptotically stable. If $R_1>1$, there exists a unique HAM/TSP equilibrium $P_2$, and the equilibrium $P_2$ is asymptotically stable under certain conditions.
Psycho-educatie (2014)

Het doel van deze module is het verkrijgen van informatie over de specifieke problemen van uw kind (1.2), over de inhoud en de opbouw van de behandeling (1.3), over gevaar, trauma, traumareacties en herstelbevorderende factoren (1.4).
Integrated Analysis of miRNA and mRNA Expression in Childhood Medulloblastoma Compared with Neural Stem Cells (2011)

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity. Several molecular sub-types of MB have been identified, suggesting they may arise from distinct cells of origin. Data from animal models indicate that some MB sub-types arise from multipotent cerebellar neural stem cells (NSCs). Hence, microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of primary MB samples were compared to CD133+ NSCs, aiming to identify deregulated miRNAs involved in MB pathogenesis. Expression profiling of 662 miRNAs in primary MB specimens, MB cell lines, and human CD133+ NSCs and CD133- neural progenitor cells was performed by qRT-PCR. Clustering analysis identified two distinct sub-types of MB primary specimens, reminiscent of sub-types obtained from their mRNA profiles. 21 significantly up-regulated and 12 significantly down-regulated miRNAs were identified in MB primary specimens relative to CD133+ NSCs (p<0.01). The majority of up-regulated miRNAs mapped to chromosomal regions 14q32 and 17q. Integration of the predicted targets of deregulated miRNAs with mRNA expression data from the same specimens revealed enrichment of pathways regulating neuronal migration, nervous system development and cell proliferation. Transient over-expression of a down-regulated miRNA, miR-935, resulted in significant down-regulation of three of the seven predicted miR-935 target genes at the mRNA level in a MB cell line, confirming the validity of this approach. This study represents the first integrated analysis of MB miRNA and mRNA expression profiles and is the first to compare MB miRNA expression profiles to those of CD133+ NSCs. We identified several differentially expressed miRNAs that potentially target networks of genes and signaling pathways that may be involved in the transformation of normal NSCs to brain tumor stem cells. Based on this integrative approach, our data provide an important platform for future investigations aimed at characterizing the role of specific miRNAs in MB pathogenesis.
Dosage sensitivity is a major determinant of human copy number variant pathogenicity (2017)

Human copy number variants (CNVs) account for genome variation an order of magnitude larger than single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Although much of this variation has no phenotypic consequences, some variants have been associated with disease, in particular neurodevelopmental disorders. Pathogenic CNVs are typically very large and contain multiple genes, and understanding the cause of the pathogenicity remains a major challenge. Here we show that pathogenic CNVs are significantly enriched for genes involved in development and genes that have greater evolutionary copy number conservation across mammals, indicative of functional constraints. Conversely, genes found in benign CNV regions have more variable copy number. These evolutionary constraints are characteristic of genes in pathogenic CNVs and can only be explained by dosage sensitivity of those genes. These results implicate dosage sensitivity of individual genes as a common cause of CNV pathogenicity. These evolutionary metrics suggest a path to identifying disease genes in pathogenic CNVs.
Comparative Study of Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption in the MIL-53(Al, Cr, Fe), MIL-47(V), MIL-100(Cr), and MIL-101(Cr) Metal−Organic Frameworks at Room Temperature (2009)

Hydrogen sulfide gravimetric isotherm adsorption measurements were carried out on MIL-53(Al, Cr, Fe), MIL-47(V), MIL-100(Cr), and MIL-101(Cr) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). A two-step adsorption mechanism related to a breathing effect was observed for MIL-53 terephthalate-based MOFs. Methane adsorption measurements highlighted the regenerability of MIL-53(Al, Cr) and MIL-47(V) MOFs after H(2)S treatment, whereas MIL-100 and MIL-101 CH(4) adsorption capacities were significantly decreased.
Some Effects of Crystal Growth Parameters on Minority Carrier Lifetime in Float‐Zoned Silicon (1989)

Minority charge carrier lifetimes over 20 ms were achieved in float‐zoned, dislocation‐free, p‐type silicon doped with gallium. Effects of dopant species and density on lifetime were determined. Other growth‐parameter‐related effects on lifetime, including growth speed, crystal diameter, cooling rate, impurity control, and microdefect distributions were also studied. In 52 mm diameter crystals, lifetime τ ranged from 21.6 ms at doping concentration to 7.9 ms at , before dropping off to 0.5 ms near as Auger‐limit lifetimes are approached. We found that τ decreases significantly with increasing crystal cooling rate in swirl‐free crystals; τ increases with increasing crystal diameter (as the thermal gradient near the interface decreases), and τ is higher for swirl‐free crystals than for those containing such microdefects.
Highly modular access to functionalised metal-carbenesvia post-modifications of a single bromoalkyl-substituted NHC–Pd(<scp>ii</scp>) complex (2012)

The synthesis of a bromopropyl-substituted NHC-Pd(II) complex, which can undergo exemplary and versatile 2nd and 3rd generation post-modifications easily affording 7 new functionalised NHC complexes, is demonstrated.
3D-woven Reinforcement in Composites (2012)

Composites made from three-dimensional (3D) textile preforms can reduce both the weight and manufacturing cost of advanced composite structures within e.g. aircraft, naval vessels and blades of wind turbines. In this thesis composite beams reinforced with 3D weave are studied, which are intended for use as joining elements in a boltless modular design. In practice, there are a few obstacles on the way to realise the modular boltless design. There is lack of experimental data and more importantly, lack of experience and tools to predict the properties of composites reinforced with 3D-weaves. The novel material will not be accepted and used in engineering applications unless proper design methods are available. The overall aim of this thesis is to remedy these deﬁciencies by generating data, experience and a foundation for the development of adequate design methods. In Paper A, an initial experimental study is presented where the mechanical properties of 3D-weave reinforced composites are compared with corresponding properties of 2D-laminates. The conclusion from Paper A is that the out- of-plane properties are enhanced, while the in-plane stiffness and strength is reduced. In Paper B the inﬂuential crimp parameter is investigated and three analytical models are proposed. The warp yarns exhibit 3D crimp which had a large effect the predicted Young’s modulus as expected. The three models have different levels of detail, and the more sophisticated models generate more reliable predictions. However, the overall trends are consistent for all models. A novel framework for constitutive modelling of composites reinforced with 3D-woven preforms is presented in Papers C and D. The framework enables predictive modelling of both internal architecture and mechanical properties of composites containing 3D textiles using a minimum of input parameters. The result is geometry models which are near authentic with a high level of detail in features compared with real composite specimens. The proposed methodology is therefore the main contribution of this thesis to the field of composite material simulation. Paper E addresses the eﬀect of crimp and diﬀerent textile architectures on the mechanical properties of the ﬁnal composite material. Both stiﬀness and strength decreases non-linearly with increasing crimp. Furthermore specimens containing 3D-woven reinforcement exhibit non-linear stress-strain behaviour in tension, believed to be associated with relatively early onset of matrix shear cracks.
Magnetic shielding effect of multiple-layer thin superconducting plates by T-method (1997)

The magnetic shielding effect of superconducting plates is investigated by means of the numerical simulation. Shielding plates are assumed to have a multiple-layer structure and each layer is assumed to be thin enough. As the critical state model of the superconductor, a modified Bean model is adopted so that the current density may not exceed the critical one. Under these assumptions, the governing equation of the shielding current is expressed in terms of the normal component of the current vector potential. A two-dimensional numerical code to integrate the equation has been developed and the time evolution of the shielding currents is followed by use of the code. The results of computations show that the shielding currents concentrate extremely in the vicinity of the boundary. This is mainly because the effective conductivity of the superconductor becomes sufficiently large that the problem constitutes a singular perturbation problem. In addition, It turns out that the shielding coefficients depend on neither time nor frequency of the imposed magnetic fields.
Distribution Theory and Transform Analysis; An Introduction to Generalized Functions, With Applications (1965)

This well-known text provides a relatively elementary introduction to distribution theory and describes generalized Fourier and Laplace transformations and their applications to integrodifferential equations, difference equations, and passive systems. Suitable for a graduate course for engineering and science students or for an advanced undergraduate course for mathematics majors. 1965 edition.
Advanced Extraction Resistant Long-Term Thermal Stabilizers for Polyolefin Pipes (1998)

For many years, sterically hindered phenols have been the standard for the long-term thermal stabilization of polyolefin pipes. Recently, an advanced stabilization system was developed which offers better gas and water extraction resistance than these phenolic systems, thus being able to better fulfill the stringent requirement of guaranteeing a pipe lifetime of more than 50 years. In this paper, current standard phenolic antioxidant pipe formulations are compared to new hindered amine thermal stabilizer (HATS) formulations in different polyolefins. The data show that the new HATS systems are better able to maintain the mechanical properties, molar mass, and thermo-oxidative stability of the pipe resins during exposure time.
Methionine Analogue Probes Functionally Important Residues in Active Site of Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase (1999)

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are essential enzymes catalyzing the attachment of specific amino acids to cognate tRNAs. In the present work, the substrate analogue L-methionine hydroxamate was used to identify functional residues located in the active site of the E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS). This compound inhibited bacteria, yeast, and human MetRS activities to a similar degree, suggesting a conserved active site structure and mechanism between MetRSs of different phylogenetic domains. Mutants of the E. coli MetRS resistant to methionine hydroxamate were also isolated. These mutants contained a substitution either at T10, Y15, or Y94. These residues are highly conserved among the different MetRSs and the mutants showed decreased aminoacylation activity, suggesting their functional and structural significances. The putative roles of these residues are discussed on a structural basis.
Accuracy and reproducibility of biometry using partial coherence interferometry (2002)

The IOLMaster was more accurate and reproducible than the contact ultrasonographic technique.
Kinase selectivity profiling by inhibitor affinity chromatography (2004)

As new drugs rapidly advance into clinical trials, comprehensive identification of their intracellular targets becomes fundamental for the full understanding of the molecular basis of their efficacy and toxicity. This is particularly important when the targets belong to a large family and the inhibitors recognize a conserved site among different members of the class. A typical example is the kinase family, where efforts are aimed at the development of inhibitors of distinct kinases for therapeutic applications in oncology, inflammation and other disease areas. In this case, inhibitors targeting the ATP pocket may cross react with different kinases, as well as with other proteins that bind ATP. This review critically discusses the available approaches for kinase selectivity profiling. It also reviews some examples of inhibitor affinity chromatography applied to inhibitors of kinases and other protein families as a tool to identify and characterize their intracellular targets.
Visualization and analytics tools for infectious disease epidemiology: A systematic review (2014)

As the volume and complexity of infectious disease data increases, public health professionals must synthesize highly disparate data to facilitate communication with the public and inform decisions regarding measures to protect the public's health. Our review identified several themes: consideration of users' needs, preferences, and computer literacy; integration of tools into routine workflow; complications associated with understanding and use of visualizations; and the role of user trust and organizational support in the adoption of these tools. Interoperability also emerged as a prominent theme, highlighting challenges associated with the increasingly collaborative and interdisciplinary nature of infectious disease control and prevention. Future work should address methods for representing uncertainty and missing data to avoid misleading users as well as strategies to minimize cognitive overload.