gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive subspace decomposition for hyperspectral data dimensionality reduction (1999)

This paper proposed a novel adaptive subspace decomposition (ASD) method for hyperspectral data dimensionality reduction. The new method is mainly based on the criterions of the correlation matrix and the variability ratio of eigenvalues and it can overcome the disadvantages of the conventional Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. To evaluate the effectiveness of the new method, experiments are conducted on AVIRIS data. The data dimensionality is reduced from 100 to 5 bands. When applied to classification, the results show that the new method keeps more detail information than the conventional PCA method and can get higher classification accuracy.
Foliar application of the leaf-colonizing yeast Pseudozyma churashimaensis elicits systemic defense of pepper against bacterial and viral pathogens (2017)

Yeast associates with many plant parts including the phyllosphere, where it is subject to harsh environmental conditions. Few studies have reported on biological control of foliar pathogens by yeast. Here, we newly isolated leaf-colonizing yeasts from leaves of field-grown pepper plants in a major pepper production area of South Korea. The yeast was isolated using semi-selective medium supplemented with rifampicin to inhibit bacterial growth and its disease control capacity against Xanthomonas axonopodis infection of pepper plants in the greenhouse was evaluated. Of 838 isolated yeasts, foliar spray of Pseudozyma churashimaensis strain RGJ1 at 10<sup>8</sup> cfu/mL conferred significant protection against X. axonopodis and unexpectedly against Cucumber mosaic virus, Pepper mottle virus, Pepper mild mottle virus, and Broad bean wilt virus under field conditions. Direct antagonism between strain RGJ1 and X. axonopodis was not detected from co-culture assays, suggesting that disease is suppressed via induced resistance. Additional molecular analysis of the induced resistance marker genes Capsicum annuum Pathogenesis-Related (CaPR) 4 and CaPR5 indicated that strain RGJ1 elicited plant defense priming. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of plant protection against bacterial and viral pathogens mediated by a leaf-colonizing yeast and has potential for effective disease management in the field.
Humidity Sensing with Ultrathin LTA-Type Molecular Sieve Films Grown on Piezoelectric Devices (2001)

LTA-type zeolite films on mass sensors (quartz crystal microbalances) were prepared using secondary growth on a precursor seed layer. Zeolite seeds with a mean size of 40 nm were obtained at room temperature and used to form precursor layers via several identical adsorption steps on silane-modified sensor surfaces. Oriented LTA-type films with thicknesses in the range of 65−980 nm were prepared after additional hydrothermal treatment of the precursor seed layers at elevated temperature (100 °C) for different crystallization times (from 3 to 24 h). The application of LTA-type zeolite films in humidity microsensors is presented. The importance of film thickness, type of zeolite structure, and the preparation parameters of the sensor layers with respect to the sensitivity of the humidity sensors at different water vapor concentrations are discussed. The zeolite films are hydrophilic and thermally stable and show reproducible response. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the above LTA zeolite films can be used effectively as humidity sensor materials for water vapor sensing purposes. High sensitivity, good reversibility, and long life were demonstrated for thin LTA-type zeolite films at low water concentrations.
The Internal Dynamics of Globular Protein (1981)

(1981). The Internal Dynamics of Globular Protein. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 293-349.
Repair of DNA Damage Induced by Bile Salts in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> (2006)

Exposure of Salmonella enterica to sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, sodium chenodeoxycholate, sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate, or sodium glycochenodeoxycholate induces the SOS response, indicating that the DNA-damaging activity of bile resides in bile salts. Bile increases the frequency of GC --> AT transitions and induces the expression of genes belonging to the OxyR and SoxRS regulons, suggesting that bile salts may cause oxidative DNA damage. S. enterica mutants lacking both exonuclease III (XthA) and endonuclease IV (Nfo) are bile sensitive, indicating that S. enterica requires base excision repair (BER) to overcome DNA damage caused by bile salts. Bile resistance also requires DinB polymerase, suggesting the need of SOS-associated translesion DNA synthesis. Certain recombination functions are also required for bile resistance, and a key factor is the RecBCD enzyme. The extreme bile sensitivity of RecB-, RecC-, and RecA- RecD- mutants provides evidence that bile-induced damage may impair DNA replication.
Increasing the sensitivity of controlled-source electromagnetics with synthetic aperture (2012)

ABSTRACT Controlled-source electromagnetics (CSEM) has been used as a derisking tool in the hydrocarbon exploration industry. We apply the concept of synthetic aperture to the low-frequency electromagnetic field in CSEM. Synthetic aperture sources have been used in radar imaging for many years. Using the synthetic aperture concept, big synthetic sources can be constructed by adding the response to small sources (building blocks) in different ways, and consequently, big sources with different radiation patterns can be created. We show that the detectability of hydrocarbons is significantly enhanced by applying synthetic aperture to CSEM data. More challenging targets such as deep reservoirs (4 km below sea floor) can be detected. The synthetic aperture technique also increases the sensitivity of the field to subsurface targets in the towing streamer acquisition. We also show that a pseudovertical source (orthogonally distributed dipole pairs) can be constructed synthetically, and that the detection capability of this pseudovertical source is increased by applying field steering. The synthetic aperture concept opens a new line of research in CSEM, with the freedom to design suitable synthetic aperture sources for a given purpose.
Fyn tyrosine kinase is required for normal amygdala kindling (1995)

To identify specific genes involved with epileptogenesis kindling was examined in mice carrying mutations engineered by gene targeting. Amygdala kindling was tested in mice with a null-mutation in the Fyn tyrosine kinase gene, a mutation that raises the threshold for the induction of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. The fyn mutants had a normal threshold, duration and stability of epileptiform after-discharge, which is crucial for kindling. Despite the normal after-discharge, fyn mutants showed a striking retardation in the rate of kindling. Once the kindled state was established in fyn mutants it remained stable. This implicates a Fyn-dependent biochemical pathway in the induction but not the maintenance of normal amygdala kindling. fyn is the first gene identified to be required for normal epileptogenesis.
Faecal tumour necrosis factor-α in individuals with HIV-related diarrhoea (1996)

TNF-alpha production may have a role in the pathogenesis of bacterial, microsporidial and CMV-related diarrhoea in HIV-seropositive individuals. Thus, anti-TNF-alpha agents may have a therapeutic role in the management of these conditions. FTNF-alpha greater than 15 U/ml in apparently pathogen-negative diarrhoea may suggest endoscopic gastrointestinal biopsy to diagnose CMV enteritis.
Ion-dependent gate dielectric characteristics of ion-conducting SiO2 solid-electrolytes in oxide field-effect transistors (2014)

The effect of ions on the gate dielectric behavior of oxide field-effect transistors (FETs) was studied using lithium ion-incorporated porous SiO2. The frequency dependence of the impedance was observed to vary with the ion concentrations in the ion-conducting SiO2 solid-electrolyte. The microstructure of the porous SiO2 was tailored by changing the depositions and porous SiO2 with an ordered columnar microstructure was realized, which provides an unobstructed pathway for the transportation of electrolyte ions. An enhanced electric-double-layer (EDL) capacitance of 11.9 μF cm(-2) and an improved EDL formation upper-limit-frequency of ∼10(5) Hz were obtained. Due to the enhanced EDL capacitance, oxide FETs gated by these solid-electrolytes showed a very low operating voltage of 0.6 V. A current on/off ratio of ∼10(6), a subthreshold swing of ∼82 mV per decade, a near-zero threshold voltage of ∼-0.01 V, and an electron field-effect mobility of ∼27.1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) were obtained. These ultra low-voltage FETs have potential applications in portable devices and biochemical sensors.
Platelet microparticles: a wide-angle perspective (1999)

Megakaryocytes (MKs), the largest of the hematopoietic cells, are responsible for producing platelets by extending and depositing long proplatelet extensions into the bloodstream. The traditional view of megakaryopoiesis describes the cellular journey from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) along the myeloid branch of hematopoiesis. However, recent studies suggest that MKs can be generated from multiple pathways, some of which do not require transit through multipotent or bipotent MK-erythroid progenitor stages in steady-state and emergency conditions. Growing evidence suggests that these emergency conditions are due to stress-induced molecular changes in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, also called the BM niche. These changes can result from insults that affect the BM cellular composition, microenvironment, architecture, or a combination of these factors. In this review, we explore MK development, focusing on recent studies showing that MKs can be generated from multiple divergent pathways. We highlight how the BM niche may encourage and alter these processes using different mechanisms of communication, such as direct cell-to-cell contact, secreted molecules (autocrine and paracrine signaling), and the release of cellular components (eg, extracellular vesicles). We also explore how MKs can actively build and shape the surrounding BM niche.
A State-Queueing Model of Thermostatically Controlled Appliances (2004)

This paper develops a state-queueing model to analyze the price response of aggregated loads consisting of thermostatically controlled appliances (TCAs). Assuming a perfectly diversified load before the price response, we show that TCA setpoint changes in response to the market price will result in a redistribution of TCAs in on/off states and therefore change the probabilities for a unit to reside in each state. A randomly distributed load can be partially synchronized and the aggregated diversity lost. The loss of the load diversity can then create unexpected dynamics in the aggregated load profile. Raising issues such as restoring load diversity and damping the peak loads are also addressed in this paper.
Rhabdomyosarcoma cell line can be used for the isolation of soluble acetylcholine receptor and for assaying blocking and modulating autoantibodies (1993)

We found that the Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line expresses human acetylcholine receptor (AChR) based on the following evidences: 1. Soluble AChR can be isolated from RD cells following the isolation procedure for AChR from human muscle; 2. Intact RD cells bind to alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha Butx) in a time-dependent and saturable fashion. The apparent dissociation constant (5.3 x 10(-10) M) is very similar to that reported for TE671 cells, which is known to express AChR; 3. Like fresh muscle culture, RD cells not only bind but also internalize 125I-alpha Butx. Soluble AChR from RD cells can be labeled specifically with 125I-alpha Butx and then used to quantify binding autoantibodies in myasthenic patients. We also demonstrate that blocking antibodies can be detected in sera from patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) using RD cells and the ability of RD cells to internalize alpha Butx. Consequently, RD cells can be used as a reliable source for obtaining soluble AChR and as a replacement for rodent or human muscle cultures in measuring blocking and modulating antibodies.
Anodic Behavior of Ti in KOH Solutions (2002)

Anodic formation of oxide films on titanium surfaces, in various concentrations of aqueous KOH solutions, have been studied using ellipsometry and micro-Raman spectroscopy. By in situ ellipsometric measurements the coefficient of film thickness growth and indexes of refraction of anodic oxide films have been determined. The voltage at which the oxide film breaks down is strongly dependent on the KOH concentration. Further, the solution concentration strongly influences the potential at which the oxide film is transformed from the amorphous state to crystalline form. Using micro-Raman spectroscopy four crystalline forms of titanium oxides, namely, anatase, brookite, corundum, and rutile, have been identified. The crystalline form of the surface oxide is shown to depend on the applied voltage and on the time of anodization. The micro-Raman spectra reveal that brookite and corundum are intermediate forms of the anodic oxide films and the final film formed is primarly composed of an anatase type of © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Surface Roughness and Electrical Conduction of Oxide/Polysilicon Interfaces (1986)

The comparatively high conductivity of thermal layers on polycrystalline silicon has been attributed by previous workers to local enhancement of the oxide electric field due to interface roughness and/or thickness nonuniformities. In this paper, we correlate the measured effective barrier height for Fowler‐Nordheim tunneling, , with the rms surface roughness as measured by the surface plasmon technique. Our results show that, for thermal on untextured polysilicon, there is a decrease in from approximately 2.8 to 0.8 eV as oxide thickness is increased from 16.7 to 165 nm. This decrease in is directly attributable to a corresponding increase in rms interface roughness from approximately 0.9 to 1.6 nm due to oxidation‐induced roughness caused by locally nonuniform polysilicon oxidation rate. Similar behavior is observed for relatively thin oxides (approximately 25 nm thick) on textured polysilicon. Furthermore, the roughness values obtained for the upper and lower oxide/polysilicon interfaces are found to be in agreement with the observed conduction properties that are shown to be highly asymmetric for thermal on untextured polysilicon but essentially polarity independent for oxides on textured polysilicon.
Fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor differently affect differentiation of murine retinal stem cells in vitro. (2007)

We provide evidence that conditions of the primary culture have a strong influence on cell-renewal and differentiation potentials of RSC.
Molecular Imaging of Peroxynitrite with HKGreen-4 in Live Cells and Tissues (2014)

Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), the product of a radical combination reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide, is a potent biological oxidant involved in a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. Herein we report the development, characterization, and biological applications of a new fluorescent probe, HKGreen-4, for peroxynitrite detection and imaging. HKGreen-4 utilizes a peroxynitrite-triggered oxidative N-dearylation reaction to achieve an exceptionally sensitive and selective fluorescence turn-on response toward peroxynitrite in chemical systems and biological samples. We have thoroughly evaluated the utility of HKGreen-4 for intracellular peroxynitrite imaging and, more importantly, demonstrated that HKGreen-4 can be efficiently employed to visualize endogenous peroxynitrite generated in Escherichia coli-challenged macrophages and in live tissues from a mouse model of atherosclerosis. This probe should serve as a powerful molecular imaging tool to explore peroxynitrite biology under a variety of physiological and pathological contexts.
User's Guide for QDMC Version 1.0 A Set of Fortran Programs for Constrained Quadratic Dynamic Matrix Control Simulation and Stability/Performance Study (1990)

QDMC is a set of Fortran programs for constrained Quadratic Dynamic Matrix Control Simulation and property study of the QDMC "equivalent" feedback linear controllers. Based on the time invariant impulse response model and plant, the simulation program minimizes a quadratic objective function subject to hard constraints on manipulated variables and/or on controlled variables. On-line stability conditions are also calculated in this program.<P>There are five programs created for studying the properties of the controller. Program CJI creates QDMC "equivalent" feedback linear controllers as frequency files which depend on the active constraints situation. Program CJINOM is for nominal stability test of these controllers. Program CJISEP is used to separate them into tuning parameter dependent and independent sets. Program PREL is for testing the practical relevance of a set of QDMC active constraints. Program ALLPREL finds all such practically relevant sets.
The Epidemiology of Colectomy in Ulcerative Colitis: Results From a Population-Based Cohort (2012)

The cumulative incidence of colectomy in UC is lower than previously reported, and appears to be decreasing further among more recently diagnosed cohorts of patients. Male sex and hospitalization at the time of diagnosis are major risk factors for EC and LC.
Optimum Condition of Fourier Transform Infrared Multiple-Angle Incidence Resolution Spectrometry for Surface Analysis (2002)

A novel measurement technique of pure out-of-plane vibrational modes of thin films on a nonmetallic substrate has recently been proposed, which is named multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (MAIRS). Since this technique could not be replaced by other conventional techniques, MAIRS was expected to be a promising tool for analysis of thin soft materials and surface adsorbates. Nevertheless, some experimental conditions have been found to be inappropriate for MAIRS, which yields incorrect results. In the present study, therefore, the problems in the technique have been investigated in terms of optics to improve the accomplishments of MAIRS. The problems have been found to have a strong relationship with optics in FT-IR, which is influenced by refractive index of the sample material and angle of incidence. In particular, optimization of the size matching of the detector surface and the infrared spot at the detector was a key to having MAIRS perform properly. It has been concluded that reliable MAIRS measurements require overfilling of the detector and a substrate with a high-refractive index.
Joint estimation of indoor position and orientation from RF signal strength measurements (2013)

In personal indoor guidance and navigation applications, it is desirable to determine both the user's position and spatial orientation, since this enables to provide him with directions in a more natural way. The common method for estimation of orientation uses the magnetic compass included in numerous portable devices; this approach becomes unreliable when the device's own orientation relative to the user is unknown, or if the environment contains metallic structures which disturb the magnetic field. In this work we propose an alternative approach for estimation of personal position and orientation which requires no additional sensors and is based solely in the attenuation of radiofrequency signal strength (RSS) introduced by the user's own body. The physical system consists in a set of emitting RF nodes located at known positions in the environment, and two RF receivers placed in the front and back parts of the user's body (alternatively, a single receiver with two antennas). We show how the position of the user can be inferred from the average received signal strength, while his orientation is estimated from the difference of signal strengths from the two receivers, by adapting two commonly used techniques in indoor localization: least-squares minimization and Bayesian filters. We have validated experimentally both techniques with an RFID-based localization system arranged in a typical building, showing that orientation can be determined with a mean error of 0.3 radians, sufficient for most applications.
New indoaniline-type near-infrared colour former (1990)

New Indoaniline-type near-IR colour formers were prepared as stable compounds, producing intense absorption bands immediately in the near-IR region on metal chelate complexation–oxidation, the spectral characteristics of which were investigated by using the stopped-flow technique.
Efficacy of carbamazepine compared with other agents: a clinical practice survey. (1994)

Carbamazepine was widely used to treat a variety of psychiatric conditions in 1988 and found to be of use in the acute and long-term treatment of bipolar illness. It was rated slightly less effective than lithium, electroconvulsive therapy, or neuroleptics, but more effective than several other agents. The results of the survey highlight many areas in need of further systematic investigation.
Regional brain calcium changes in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemia. (1987)

Entry of Ca ions into ischemic neurons is believed to cause cell damage. Although several investigators have demonstrated changes in extracellular Ca ionic activity consistent with Ca movement into cells, direct and quantitative evidence for Ca entry into ischemic cells is lacking. We used atomic absorption spectroscopy to measure the regional distribution of tissue Ca contents of rat brains sampled at 2, 4, and 24 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). At 4 hours after MCAo, Ca concentrations increased significantly (p less than 0.005) in the ischemic middle cerebral artery territory, i.e., the pyriform and frontoparietal cortices, but not in the surrounding brain. At 24 hours, Ca concentrations in the pyriform and frontoparietal cortex were respectively 30.79 (+/- 2.90) and 29.19 (+/- 3.28) mumol/g dry tissue wt compared with 11.9 (+/- 1.7) mumol/g in sham-occluded rats. Tissue Ca concentration changes in the parasagittal cortex and basal ganglia adjacent to the infarct site were much smaller and did not differ significantly from controls until 24 hours. In the ischemic middle cerebral artery territory, greater than 1.0 mumoles of Ca entered per gram of dry tissue weight per hour during the first 4 hours after MCAo. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.9722) between changes in tissue Ca and water, with a slope indicating that 5.88 mumoles of Ca accompanied each milliliter of water entering the lesioned hemisphere. Such massive accumulations of Ca not only confirm Ca entry into injured cells, but indicate the presence of a remarkable Ca sink which sequestered within 24 hours more than 17 times the amount of free Ca present in the tissue before MCAo.