gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of glucosinolates and nucleosides in Radix Isatidis by HPLC and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (2013)

Multi-component fingerprinting and quantitation of the glucosinolates and nucleosides in samples of Radix Isatidis have been carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS). Five nucleosides together with one glucosinolate were identified by comparing retention times, ultraviolet spectra, mass spectra and/or empirical molecular formulae of reference compounds. Quantitation of these six compounds was carried out simultaneously by HPLC on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column using gradient elution with methanol and water and detection at 254 nm. All calibration curves were linear (<i>r</i>>0.9994) within test ranges. Limits of detection and quantitation were 0.33 ng and 2.50 ng on column, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision (as relative standard deviation) for all analytes was <2.19% with recoveries in the range 99.6%-101.8% at three concentration levels. The validated method was successfully applied to fingerprinting and assay of 25 batches of Radix Isatidis sourced from different geographical regions of China. The method is simple and reliable and has potential value in the quality control of Radix Isatidis.
Metaproteome Analysis and Molecular Genetics of Rat Intestinal Microbiota Reveals Section and Localization Resolved Species Distribution and Enzymatic Functionalities (2012)

The digestion of food ingredients depends on the action of the gut microbiota and has a significant influence on the health, especially in the case of metabolic diseases, of the host organism. Despite the relevance of the structure and functionalities in the microbiota for the metabolism of the host, the spatial resolution of microbial consortia and the functionalities in the different gut sections of the rat are mostly unknown. Since there are suitable rat models for human metabolic diseases, the microbiota of the rat is of special interest. Samples along the intestinal tract of rats were investigated using metaproteomics and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. The procedures for harvesting bacteria from the mucus and the content of the gut sections and feces were optimized leading to 2802 nonredundant bacterial protein groups in total that were assigned to spectra measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The majority of 16S rRNA genes and protein groups belonged to members of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The functionalities in the enzyme repertoire were compared between the mucus and the content of the large intestine sections and the feces samples. This spatial resolution allowed pinpointing changes in the community to specific metabolic capacities like carbohydrate transport and energy conservation. The results showed that the mere analysis of feces samples reflects the functions of the gut microbiota only to a minor extent and sheds light on the metabolic interchange between the microbiota and the host organism.
Informal comments on the uses of power spectrum analysis (1967)

Two important considerations in the use of a computer for power spectrum analysis are the availability of a set of sub-programs to perform the necessary functions and an adequate display of the output. The author relates these considerations to his experiences using a digital computer to investigate the cepstrum and other kinds of echo analysis.
<scp>d</scp> -Alanylation of Lipoteichoic Acid Contributes to the Virulence of <i>Streptococcus suis</i> (2008)

We generated by allelic replacement a DeltadltA mutant of a virulent Streptococcus suis serotype 2 field strain and evaluated the contribution of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) d-alanylation to the virulence traits of this swine pathogen and zoonotic agent. The absence of LTA D-alanylation resulted in increased susceptibility to the action of cationic antimicrobial peptides. In addition, and in contrast to the wild-type strain, the DeltadltA mutant was efficiently killed by porcine neutrophils and showed diminished adherence to and invasion of porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells. Finally, the DeltadltA mutant was attenuated in both the CD1 mouse and porcine models of infection, probably reflecting a decreased ability to escape immune clearance mechanisms and an impaired capacity to move across host barriers. The results of this study suggest that LTA D-alanylation is an important factor in S. suis virulence.
Study relationship of drought tolerance indices in wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes (2013)

Drought is a wide-spread problem seriously influencing wheat (Triticum aestivum) production and quality, but development of resistant cultivars is hampered by the lack of effective selection criteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of several selection indices to identify drought resistance cultivars under drought stress conditions. Eight wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) were chosen for the study based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse. The resulting of this study showed that the breeders should choose the indices on the basis of stress severity in the target environment; GMP, HARM, MP and STI were suggested as useful indicators for wheat breeding and on basis of this index genotypes 2022, Alvand and 2021 introduced as tolerant genotypes. The best indices for selecting tolerant species were GMP, HARM, MP and STI. Therefore genotypes which had higher amount of these indices identified as the most tolerant genotypes.
Neomembranes: A concept review with special reference to self-reinforced polyglycolide membranes (1996)

Absorbable implants are being increasingly used in various fields of medicine. Important materials for these applications include the polyesters polylactide and polyglycolide. Following implantation of any absorbable device there occurs a proliferation of fibrous tissue, which along with material from the degrading implant forms a composite membranous structure-a neomembrane. Neomembranes can be exploited in guiding tissue regeneration. Success in this respect has been achieved in treatment of bone defects, nerve defects, and periodontal ligaments. Future research may ultimately permit taking advantage of neomembranes in the reconstruction of more complex organs such as the liver. Gaining an understanding of implant characteristics and implant-tissue interaction is essential for further progress in this area.
Performance Evaluation of Target Detection with a Near-Space Vehicle-Borne Radar in Blackout Condition (2016)

Radar is a very important sensor in surveillance applications. Near-space vehicle-borne radar (NSVBR) is a novel installation of a radar system, which offers many benefits, like being highly suited to the remote sensing of extremely large areas, having a rapidly deployable capability and having low vulnerability to electronic countermeasures. Unfortunately, a target detection challenge arises because of complicated scenarios, such as nuclear blackout, rain attenuation, etc. In these cases, extra care is needed to evaluate the detection performance in blackout situations, since this a classical problem along with the application of an NSVBR. However, the existing evaluation measures are the probability of detection and the receiver operating curve (ROC), which cannot offer detailed information in such a complicated application. This work focuses on such requirements. We first investigate the effect of blackout on an electromagnetic wave. Performance evaluation indexes are then built: three evaluation indexes on the detection capability and two evaluation indexes on the robustness of the detection process. Simulation results show that the proposed measure will offer information on the detailed performance of detection. These measures are therefore very useful in detecting the target of interest in a remote sensing system and are helpful for both the NSVBR designers and users.
A Simple Low-Frecuency Logarithmic Converter Using Logarithmic Pulsewidth Modulation Technique (1985)

A simple low-frequency logarithmic converter is described which a train of pulses is logarithmically modulated in width by the input signal. The logarithmically converted signal is recovered at the output by simply integrating the width-modulated pulses. The converter has been constructed and tested. The details of implementation and test results are presented.
Brazing Sintered Materials (1998)

Brazing is a joining technique that can be applied to sintered materials in the manufacture of metal-metal and metal-ceramic components with high complexity. The production of sound joints requires the use of an appropriate filler alloy along with the optimization of process parameters, such as brazing temperature and time. In addition, the open pores can act as canals removing the filler alloy from the interface by a capillary effect, which is detrimental to the joining process as well as to corrosion behavior of the substrate. In this study, sintered Fe-Cu pellets were brazed together using Ag-based commercial alloys. In addition, alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) was brazed to low-expansion alloys (Fe-Ni-Co). Such alloys were produced by powder metallurgy in order to adjust the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material to that of Al 2 O 3 through an accurate control of their composition. In metal-ceramic bonding it is important to reduce the thermal expansion mismatch between the materials, thus minimizing the presence of thermal-mechanical stresses and improving the mechanical reliability of the joints.
Establishing a Standard of Speed for Assessing the Efficacy of the Serotonin1B/1D Agonists (Triptans) (2001)

The current International Headache Society guidelines for migraine clinical trials recommend assessment of pain relief at 2 hours as a primary end point. Patients, however, express a clear preference for more rapid pain relief, with most patients defining rapid relief as occurring within 30 minutes after drug administration. Thus, consideration should be given to establishing clinical trial end points that more accurately reflect the preferences of patients with migraine. In this case, assessment of pain relief at 1 hour would be an appropriate primary end point. Using speed of relief as a criterion for migraine drug selection also is appropriate. The migraine-specific serotonin(1B/1D) agonists, or triptans, are able to meet this faster relief end point and are preferred by patients.
Naming Impairments following Recovery from Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: Category-Specific? (1992)

An apparently clear case of category-specific naming impairment selectively affecting animals was detected in a patient who had recovered from herpes simplex encephalitis. However, subsequent investigation demonstrated that these category-specific effects could be eliminated by controlling simultaneously for three factors in picture naming: word frequency, concept familiarity, and visual complexity. The results emphasize the importance of controlling for all factors pertinent to picture naming when attempting to demonstrate category specificity in picture naming. Further testing indicated that deficits were also apparent when naming to definition was required, and some impairment in the ability to answer questions about objects and living things was also noted. Theoretical implications of these data are considered.
Liver transplantation (2005)

As the gap between patients and available organs remains, continued investigation into appropriate allocation and maximization of outcomes following liver transplant will continue.
Pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus with the mixed coat of reticuloendotheliosis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (1977)

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) forms pseudotypes with envelope components of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). The VSV pseudotype possesses the limited host range and antigenic properties of REV. Approximately 70% of the VSV, Indiana serotype, and 45% of VSV, New Jersey serotype, produced from the REV strain T-transformed chicken bone marrow cells contain mixed envelope components of both VSV and REV. VSV pseudotypes with mixed envelope antigens can be neutralized with excess amounts of either anti-VSV antiserum or anti-REV antiserum.
Ein neuartiger Mikroaktor zur ein- und zweidimensionalen Ablenkung von Licht (2000)

A novel electrostatically driven silicon Micro Scanning Mirror for one and two dimensional deflection of light is presented. A special configuration of the driving electrodes allows the use of small electrode gaps without restricting the deflection of the plate geometrically. Two dimensional deflection is obtained by a gimbal mounting of the mirror plate. The modelling of the actuator is done by analytical and numerical calculations. For the fabrication of the actuators a CMOS compatible process has been developed. The mechanical elements are patterned in a 30 um thick layer of single crystal silicon. Using the ASE process 4 - 5 um wide trenches are etched into this layer with almost perpendicular sidewalls. In the case of the 2D-Scanner filled isolation trenches are used which allow to excite the two oscillations independently. 36 1D-variants have been designed and characterized. The scanning frequencies cover the range from 0.14 kHz up to 32 kHz. The mirror plates are quadratic with a side length between 0.5 mm and 3.0 mm. Synchronizing the driving voltage with the mechanical oscillation it is possible to achieve a stable oscillation. For large deflection angles a linear dependence of the deflection angle on the driving voltage has been observed. A mechanical deflection angle of up to +/-15° is achieved at a driving voltage of 20 V only, proving the high effectiveness of the driving principle. The performance of the 2D-scanner is demonstrated by three variants. Various Lissajous patterns with a frequency ratio between 1:1 and 13:1 have been generated. Investigations regarding the mechanical performance of the actuators have been carried out. The actuators have a shock resistance of more than 1000 g. Long run tests at a deflection angle of +/-15° mechanical with a duration of more than 10^9 have been performed. The characteristics of the devices did not change. Because of its performance the novel actuator is suitable to replace conventional scanners in a large variety of applications.
Introduction (1988)

Shelley’s poet figures are often viewed as rather pathetic and indulgent self-portrayals, over-done and over-personal. But this is an old-fashioned interpretation, attributing to them qualities stemming from what is believed to be some kind of emotional or personal flaw in Shelley’s make-up. I too read these figures as personal, but in the way of exemplifying (allegorising) Shelley’s deep concern with his idea of himself as a poet. He is not so much exhibiting flaws in his own character, but expressing the very real problems of becoming a poet, which in Shelley’s scene of influence is always the problem of becoming a poet relative to other poets. Judith Cherniak says ‘the figure of the Poet is significant not only because it dominates several of Shelley’s major works, but because it exemplifies that complex relationship between the personal and traditional which is at the heart of his poetry, the recasting of subjective experience in terms suggested by the greatest of poetic and philosophical traditions’.1 This is one premise from which a consideration of Shelley and influence can begin — that Shelley was writing with other poets and other works of literature in mind, and with a firm acknowledgement of literary history. Shelley, more than anything else, was a student of literature, and his work must always be seen as an engagement with literature, and especially with the literature closest to him.
Physical properties of semiconducting transition metal silicides and their prospects in Si-based device applications (2002)

Semiconducting transition metal silicides are of interest as potential candidates for new Si-based devices. The recent advances obtained on the understanding of the physical properties of this group of materials are summarized with special emphasis on /spl beta/-FeSi/sub 2/. Characteristic features of the electronic structure are outlined. Interband and infrared optical properties are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Light emission could be observed from implanted /spl beta/-FeSi/sub 2/ layers only. Incorporation of corresponding dopants gives n- and p-type material. Carrier interaction with nonpolar optical and acoustic phonons as well as neutral impurities has to be taken into account. The problems and prospects of application of semiconducting silicides are discussed.
Performance improvement of graceful image caching by using request frequency based prefetching algorithms (2001)

This paper presents a cache scheme for image databases, Web browsers, proxies and other similar applications in the Internet. The current cache system employs a hard strategy: either the image is stored in a cache or not, even if its data is quite big. We have proposed a caching scheme featuring a human memory mechanism (image database system featuring graceful oblivion), which is called graceful caching. Previous work shows that graceful caching reduces user response time by assigning a variable amount of memory to each image. Several recent studies suggest that prefetching techniques could be employed to further improve the cache performance, by anticipating and prefetching future client requests. Some approaches based on request frequency have been proposed to the conventional caching (hard system) and got better results. We try to apply a request frequency-based approach to the graceful caching system, in which a progressive image format is used. Based on the analysis of Web request probability in graceful caching, we go on to propose a new prefetching algorithm that drastically improves the cache performance of the system. We verify the performance of this algorithm by simulations.
Next-generation calcineurin inhibitors in development for the prevention of organ rejection (2014)

Abstract: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) remain the cornerstone of immunosuppression after renal transplantation despite their adverse effects. Some CNIs have well known negative impacts on the cardiovascular system, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT), neurotoxicity, hypertrichosis, and nephrotoxicity. Many clinical trials dealing with CNI avoidance or elimination were associated with higher risk of rejection of the transplanted organ. New generation CNIs are concerned with modifying CNI molecules so that they become more potent and are suitable for patients with suboptimal adherence with less adverse effects. In this review, we address these issues. Keywords: calcineurin inhibitors, organ transplant, rejection
Alkoxyhydrosilanes as Sources of Silylene Ligands: Novel Approaches to Transition Metal–Silylene Complexes (2004)

Abstract Irradiation of Fe(CO)5 and HSiMe2OR (R = alkyl or aryl group) together with hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) produces (CO)4Fe=SiMe2·HMPA and SiMe2(OR)2. Even in the absence of HMPA, irradiation of Fe(CO)5 and HSiMe2O(2-C5H4N) affords (CO)3(H)Fe{SiMe2···O(2-C5H4N)···SiMe2}. In these reactions, the alkoxyhydrosilanes act as sources of the silylene ligand.
Decipher Genomic Classifier Measured on Prostate Biopsy Predicts Metastasis Risk (2016)

Biopsy Decipher predicted the risk of metastasis at 10 years post radical prostatectomy. While further validation is required on larger cohorts, preoperative knowledge of Decipher risk derived from biopsy could indicate the need for multimodality therapy and help set patient expectations of therapeutic burden.
3D modelling of a thermopile-based SOI CMOS thermal wall shear stress sensor (2014)

This paper presents a multiphysic 3-D model of an SOI CMOS MEMS thermal wall shear stress sensor obtained using “Comsol Multiphysics”. It includes all the physical domains involved and their interaction. After a brief introduction, the device is presented and its working principle explained. The numerical model and the validation process are then described.
Functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilicas for catalysis (2009)

Periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs), one of most advanced organic–inorganic hybrid materials, have attracted much research attention because of their combined advantages of ordered mesoporous structure and fusion of organic and inorganic fragments within the pore wall. PMOs with diverse mesostructures, morphologies and compositions have emerged in the past few years, and shown unprecedented properties. Recent years have seen the great progress in the controlled synthesis of functionalized PMOs towards specific application demands, particularly in catalysis. This Feature Article describes selected examples of the synthesis of functionalized PMOs for catalytic applications in the past few years.
<i>GAMYB-like</i> Genes, Flowering, and Gibberellin Signaling in Arabidopsis (2001)

We have identified three Arabidopsis genes with GAMYB-like activity, AtMYB33, AtMYB65, and AtMYB101, which can substitute for barley (Hordeum vulgare) GAMYB in transactivating the barley alpha-amylase promoter. We have investigated the relationships between gibberellins (GAs), these GAMYB-like genes, and petiole elongation and flowering of Arabidopsis. Within 1 to 2 d of transferring plants from short- to long-day photoperiods, growth rate and erectness of petioles increased, and there were morphological changes at the shoot apex associated with the transition to flowering. These responses were accompanied by accumulation of GAs in the petioles (GA(1) by 11-fold and GA(4) by 3-fold), and an increase in expression of AtMYB33 at the shoot apex. Inhibition of GA biosynthesis using paclobutrazol blocked the petiole elongation induced by long days. Causality was suggested by the finding that, with GA treatment, plants flowered in short days, AtMYB33 expression increased at the shoot apex, and the petioles elongated and grew erect. That AtMYB33 may mediate a GA signaling role in flowering was supported by its ability to bind to a specific 8-bp sequence in the promoter of the floral meristem-identity gene, LEAFY, this same sequence being important in the GA response of the LEAFY promoter. One or more of these AtMYB genes may also play a role in the root tip during germination and, later, in stem tissue. These findings extend our earlier studies of GA signaling in the Gramineae to include a dicot species, Arabidopsis, and indicate that GAMYB-like genes may mediate GA signaling in growth and flowering responses.
Identification of the Surfactant Protein A Receptor 210 as the Unconventional Myosin 18A (2005)

Mass spectrometric characterization of the surfactant protein A (SP-A) receptor 210 (SP-R210) led to the identification of myosin (Myo) XVIIIA and nonmuscle myosin IIA. Antibodies generated against the unique C-terminal tail of MyoXVIIIA revealed that MyoXVIIIA, MyoIIA, and SP-R210 have overlapping tissue distribution, all being highly expressed in myeloid cells, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, and lung. Western blot analysis of COS-1 cells stably transfected with either MyoXVIIIA or MyoIIA indicated that SP-R210 antibodies recognize MyoXVIIIA. Furthermore, MyoXVIIIA but not MyoIIA localized to the surface of COS-1 cells, and most importantly, expression of MyoXVIIIA in COS-1 cells conferred SP-A binding. Western analysis of recombinant MyoXVIIIA domains expressed in bacteria mapped the epitopes of previously derived SP-R210 antibodies to the neck region of MyoXVIIIA. Antibodies raised against the neck domain of MyoXVIIIA blocked the binding of SP-A to macrophages. Together, these findings indicate that MyoXVIIIA constitutes a novel receptor for SP-A.