gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prominent expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in human skeletal muscle (1998)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to exert neurotrophic effects on motor neurons as well as mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Because GDNF promotes survival of motor neurons in vivo and in vitro and rescues motor neurons from naturally occurring cell death, the potential use of GDNF for treatment of motor neuron diseases has been a major focus of recent research. The expression of GDNF in humans, however, has not been fully examined. In the present study, we examined the expression of GDNF in adult human muscle by Northern blot, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemical analyses to address physiological roles of GDNF in humans. Northern blot analysis demonstrated high expression of GDNF mRNA in human skeletal muscle when compared to that of mouse. Intense GDNF immunoreactivity was observed in the vicinity of plasma membranes of skeletal muscle, particularly at neuromuscular junctions. GDNF immunoreactivity was also observed within the axons and surrounding Schwann cells of peripheral nerves. However, RT-PCR detected expression of GDNF mRNA only in skeletal muscle, and not within the anterior horn cells of human spinal cord. These results suggest that GDNF is produced by skeletal muscle and taken up at the nerve terminals for retrograde transport by axons. Thus, GDNF in human skeletal muscle may be involved in promoting motor neuron survival as a target-derived neurotrophic factor.
Reduced bone stress as predicted by composite beam theory correlates with cortical bone loss following cemented total hip arthroplasty (1999)

Abstract Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that periprosthetic bone loss following total hip arthroplasty is caused in part by stress‐shielding. Changes in bone stress in the proximal femur following implantation can be estimated with use of composite beam theory. We hypothesized that the degree of stress‐shielding predicted by beam theory correlates with the magnitude of bone loss following cemented total hip arthroplasty. We analyzed cross sections from the proximal femur of 13 patients who had undergone unilateral cemented total hip arthroplasty. A matching implant was inserted contralaterally, and the cross‐sectional properties of the implant and bone and the bone density were determined. Bone loss was calculated on the basis of differences between contralateral (control) and ipsilateral (remodeled) sections and correlated to several beam‐theory parameters calculated from the control sections: implant rigidity, bone rigidity, ratio of implant to bone rigidity, and predicted decrease in bone stress. All parameters except implant rigidity were significantly correlated with bone loss (p < 0.05). Parameters that included implant and bone properties were more strongly correlated with bone loss than were those based on bone properties alone. The predicted decrease in bone stress explained 50‐60% of the variance in bone loss. The data also indicated that patients were not likely to lose substantial amounts of bone unless the reduction in bone stress exceeded a threshold value. Although limited by a small and heterogeneous sample, these results indicate that beam‐theory predictions correlate with the degree of femoral resorption and should be investigated further as a means to identify patients at high risk for bone loss.
High‐Performance Hole‐Extraction Layer of Sol–Gel‐Processed NiO Nanocrystals for Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells (2014)

Abstract Hybrid organic/inorganic perovskite solar cells have been rapidly evolving with spectacular successes in both nanostructured and thin‐film versions. Herein, we report the use of a simple sol–gel‐processed NiO nanocrystal (NC) layer as the hole‐transport layer in an inverted perovskite solar cell. The thin NiO NC film with a faceted and corrugated surface enabled the formation of a continuous and compact layer of well‐crystallized CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 in a two‐step solution process. The hole‐extraction and ‐transport capabilities of this film interfaced with the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 film were higher than those of organic PEDOT:PSS layers. The cell with a NiO NC film with a thickness of 30–40 nm exhibited the best performance, as a thinner layer led to a higher leakage current, whereas a thicker layer resulted in a higher series resistance. With the NiO film, we observed a cell efficiency of 9.11 %, which is by far the highest reported for planar perovskite solar cells based on an inorganic hole‐extracting layer.
Optimization of filter banks using cyclostationary spectral analysis (1996)

This paper proposes a design method of optimal biorthogonal FIR filter banks that minimize the time-averaged mean squared error (TAMSE) when the high-frequency subband signal is dropped. To study filter banks from a statistical point of view, cyclostationary spectral analysis is used since the output of the filter bank for a wide-sense stationary input is cyclostationary. First, the cyclic spectral density of the output signal is derived, and an expression for the TAMSE is presented. Then, optimal filter banks are given by minimizing the TAMSE with respect to the coefficients of the filters under the biorthogonality condition. By imposing the additional constraints on the coefficients, the optimal biorthogonal linear phase filter bank can be obtained.
Human antibodies react with an epitope of the human papillomavirus type 6b L1 open reading frame which is distinct from the type-common epitope (1989)

Recombinant proteins encoded by the human papillomavirus type 6b (HPV6b) L1 open reading frame react with sera from patients with condylomata acuminata and also react with rabbit antiserum raised against sodium dodecyl sulfate-disrupted bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) virions. To map the immunoreactive epitopes, a series of procaryotic expression plasmids was made which contained a nested set of 3' to 5' deletions in the HPV6b L1 open reading frame. The deleted plasmids expressed a set of carboxy to amino terminus truncated fusion proteins. Regions containing the immunoreactive epitopes were mapped by determining which of the deleted fusion proteins retained reactivity with sera in Western immunoblot assays. The coding sequence for a human antibody-reactive linear epitope mapped between HPV6b nucleotide coordinates 7045 and 7087, and the rabbit anti-BPV1-reactive epitope coding sequence mapped between coordinates 6377 and 6454. Synthetic peptides derived from the epitope mapping were reacted with sera in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Human sera reacted with synthetic peptide QSQAITCQKPTPEKEKPDPYK (HPV6b L1 amino acids 417 through 437). Rabbit anti-BPV1 and rabbit antisera raised against HPV16 L1 recombinant proteins reacted with the synthetic peptide DGDMVDTGFGAMNFADLQTNKSDVPIDI (HPV6b L1 amino acids 193 through 220). Human sera which reacted with HPV6b L1 fusion proteins cross-reacted with an HPV11 L1 fusion protein but did not react with fusion proteins encoded by HPV1a, HPV16, or HPV18. Rabbit anti-BPV1 reacted with L1 fusion proteins encoded by all of these HPV types. In contrast to the type-common (rabbit anti-BPV1-reactive) epitope, the human antibody-reactive epitope appears to be relatively HPV type specific.
Self-polarizing terahertz liquid crystal phase shifter (2011)

Using sub-wavelength metallic gratings as both transparent electrodes and broadband high-efficiency polarizers, a highly-compact self-polarizing phase shifter is demonstrated by electrically tuning the effective birefringence of a nematic liquid crystal cell. The metal grating polarizers ensure a good polarizing efficiency in the range of 0.2 to 2 THz. Phase shift of more than π/3 is achieved in a 256 μm-thick cell with a saturation root mean square voltage of around 130 V in this integrated device.
Barrier Layers Against Diffusion (1979)

SummaryTests have been carried out on copper and brass substrates which have been electroplated with a number of different barrier layers and then with an excess of matt tin. These samples have been heat treated to simulate accelerated storage and operation periods and observations made on the resulting intermetallic compound layers between the substrate and the tin coating. The results indicate the suitability of each barrier layer for altering the rate of growth of substrate-tin intermetallics and also the ability of the barrier to inhibit the diffusion of, specifically, zinc to the surface of the coating. On the basis of lowest barrier/coating reaction rates, iron appears by far the best choice for a barrier layer.
Hyperventilation-Induced Hypotension During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (2004)

Professional rescuers were observed to excessively ventilate patients during out-of-hospital CPR. Subsequent animal studies demonstrated that similar excessive ventilation rates resulted in significantly increased intrathoracic pressure and markedly decreased coronary perfusion pressures and survival rates.
Second-generation prophylactic HPV vaccines: successes and challenges (2013)

The role of HPV as the causative factor in cervical cancer has led to the development of the HPV vaccines Gardasil and Cervarix. These vaccines effectively protect against two HPV types associated with 70% of cervical cancer cases. Despite this success, researchers continue to develop second-generation HPV vaccines to protect against more HPV types and allow increased uptake in developing countries. While a reformulated vaccine based on the current technology is currently in clinical trials, another strategy consists of targeting highly conserved epitopes in the minor capsid protein of HPV, L2. Vaccines targeting L2 induce broadly neutralizing antibodies, capable of blocking infection by a wide range of HPV types. Several vaccine designs have been developed to optimize the display of L2 epitopes to the immune system and to reduce the cost of manufacture and distribution. L2-based vaccines show considerable promise as a potential next-generation HPV vaccine.
Dynamics of the eastern edge of the Rio Grande Rift (2013)

I would like to express my appreciation of many students
Do Centrally Administered Neuropeptides Access Cognate Receptors?: An Analysis in the Central Corticotropin-Releasing Factor System (2000)

To determine the extent to which centrally administered corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) activates neurons that express CRF receptors (CRF-Rs), we followed the kinetics and distribution (relative to those of CRF-Rs) of Fos induction seen in response to intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of the peptide (1-10 microg). CRF provoked widespread Fos expression: its strength was dose-related, it peaked at 2 hr after injection, and it was antagonized in a dose-dependent manner by coinjection of CRF-R antagonists. The activation pattern closely mimicked the distribution of CRF-R1 mRNA, in including widespread Fos induction throughout the cortical mantle, in cell groups involved in sensory information processing, and in the cerebellum and several of its major afferents and targets. Dual labeling revealed extensive correspondence of CRF-stimulated Fos-immunoreactivity (Fos-ir) and CRF-R1 mRNA at these and other loci. Unique sites of CRF-R2 expression were relatively unresponsive to CRF but were more so after icv administration of urocortin (UCN), a new mammalian CRF-related peptide. Both CRF and UCN elicited activational responses in cell groups that are involved in central autonomic control but that express neither CRF-R, including the central amygdaloid and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, and brainstem catecholaminergic cell groups. The results support an ability of CRF-related peptides in the ventricular system to access receptor-expressing cells directly but leave open questions as to the basis for the recruitment of central autonomic structures, many of which have been identified as stress-related sites of CRF action.
Bone stress injury of the ankle in professional ballet dancers seen on MRI (2008)

Bone marrow edema seems to be a specific MRI finding in the talus of professional ballet dancers, likely related to biomechanical stress reactions, due to their frequently performed unique maneuvers. Clinically, this condition may indicate a sign of a bone stress injury of the ankle.
Analyses of Plasma Flux and Density Distribution in Plasma Sources Surrounded by Magnetic Multipole Fields (1995)

Plasma confinement characteristics of plasma sources, the side walls of which are surrounded by magnetic multipole fields, are analyzed using theoretical equations. Experimental data used are those obtained with microwave plasma sources. The plasma flux, the pressure range over which a uniform plasma is produced, the plasma density distribution at a plasma grid and the cusp leak width are discussed. If the leak width is the geometric mean value of the ion and electron Larmor diameters, the results estimated using the theoretical equations are consistent with the experimental ones. It has also been observed from the traces due to the plasma irradiation that the leak width corresponds to the geometric mean value. The validity of the equations has been confirmed. These equations can be used as a basis for the design of a plasma source capable of producing a uniform high-density plasma over a wide area.
Effects of a capillary transition zone on the stability of a diffusive boundary layer (2012)

In geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2), the buoyant CO2 plume eventually accumulates under the caprock. Due to interfacial tension between the CO2 phase and the water phase, a capillary transition zone develops in the plume. This zone contains supercritical CO2 as well as water with dissolved CO2. Under the plume, a diffusive boundary layer forms. We study how cross-flow between the capillary transition zone and the diffusive boundary layer affects gravitational stability of the diffusive boundary layer. Linear stability analysis shows that this cross-flow has no significant effect on the selection of the critical mode. However, interaction with the capillary transition zone enhances the instability of the boundary layer, such that the onset of instabilities occurs earlier, when the diffusive boundary layer is thinner. The onset time may be reduced by a factor of five, which corresponds to the thickness of the diffusive boundary layer at onset being reduced by a factor of two. This reduced thickness of the boundary layer at onset can be interpreted in terms of a reduced portion of the critical mode that must ’fit’ inside the boundary layer when the other portion of the mode is confined within the capillary transition zone. Direct numerical simulations for the non-linear regime show that the mass transfer rate can be enhanced up to four times when the cross-flow is accounted for. This increase is related to advective inflow of CO2-saturated water across the interface. Therefore, the contribution from dissolution to the safety of geological storage of CO2 begins earlier and can be considerably larger than showed by estimates that neglect the capillary transition zone.
ROCK2 and Its Alternatively Spliced Isoform ROCK2m Positively Control the Maturation of the Myogenic Program (2007)

Signal transduction cascades involving Rho-associated kinases (ROCK), the serine/threonine kinases downstream effectors of Rho, have been implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular functions including cytoskeletal organization, cell size control, modulation of gene expression, differentiation, and transformation. Here we show that ROCK2, the predominant ROCK isoform in skeletal muscle, is progressively up-regulated during mouse myoblast differentiation and is highly expressed in the dermomyotome and muscle precursor cells of mouse embryos. We identify a novel and evolutionarily conserved ROCK2 splicing variant, ROCK2m, that is preferentially expressed in skeletal muscle and strongly up-regulated during in vivo and in vitro differentiation processes. The specific knockdown of ROCK2 or ROCK2m expression in C2C12 myogenic cells caused a significant and selective impairment of the expression of desmin and of the myogenic regulatory factors Mrf4 and MyoD. We demonstrate that in myogenic cells, ROCK2 and ROCK2m are positive regulators of the p42 and p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase-p90 ribosomal S6 kinase-eucaryotic elongation factor 2 intracellular signaling pathways and, thereby, positively regulate the hypertrophic effect elicited by insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin, linking the multifactorial functions of ROCK to an important control of the myogenic maturation.
Mapping of the natural resistance‐associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene to pig chromosome 15 (1998)

The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) was mapped in the pig for study as a potential candidate gene in controlling pig resistance to Salmonella infection. Primers were designed from the pig cDNA to amplify a 1.6 kb fragment between exons 1 and 3. By using a pig-rodent somatic cell hybrid panel, NRAMP1 was mapped to pig chromosome 15 (SSC15) with 100% probability, and the regional assignment was SSC15q23-26 with 87% concordance. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) marker was developed by using the HinfI enzyme and three alleles were identified from a population including 11 breeds. Linkage analysis confirmed the physical assignment by using the PiGMaP reference families. Pig NRAMP1 was linked to SSC15 markers S0088, S0149 and S0284 (LOD > 3). A small population study revealed large allele frequency differences among tested breeds. An A allele is only observed in dam (white) lines whereas a similar exclusivity of the C allele was seen in sire (colored) breeds.
Cloning of bovine parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) cDNA and expression of PTHrP mRNA in the bovine mammary gland (1998)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) produced by the mammary gland has been postulated to have multiple functions in both the mother and neonate. In humans, alternative 3'-mRNA splicing and endoproteolytic processing result in multiple bioactive PTHrP peptides. Multiple PTHrP peptides also have been reported in bovine milk. To investigate the source of molecular heterogeneity of PTHrP in bovine milk, bovine PTHrP was cloned from a bovine brain cDNA library, sequenced and used to characterize the mammary PTHrP transcript. A 1065 bp clone (bP1) for bovine PTHrP was isolated from a brain cDNA library. The bP1 clone contained the entire coding sequence of PTHrP and 61 and 473 nucleotides of the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) respectively. The predicted amino acid sequence of bovine PTHrP was 72-92% homologous to the sequences of chicken, rat, mouse, human, and canine PTHrP with the highest sequence divergence present in the C-terminal region of the peptide. The 5'- and 3'-UTRs of bovine brain PTHrP have a high degree of homology to exons 4 and 9 of human PTHrP respectively. PTHrP was expressed as a single 1200 nucleotide mRNA transcript in lactating bovine mammary tissue. RT-PCR using region-specific oligonucleotide primers derived from bP1 demonstrated that PTHrP mRNA transcripts in bovine brain and lactating mammary gland utilize the same 5'- and 3'-UTRs. Expression of PTHrP mRNA was localized to secretory and ductular epithelial cells within the lactating mammary gland, as detected using in situ hybridization. Expression of PTHrP mRNA was demonstrated in the mammary gland during late pregnancy and throughout lactation in cows.
Multiple restenosis following PTCA (1995)

Journal Article Multiple restenosis following PTCA Get access B. EBER, B. EBER Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karl-Franzens-UniversityGraz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar O. LUHA, O. LUHA Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karl-Franzens-UniversityGraz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. KLEIN W. KLEIN Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karl-Franzens-UniversityGraz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Heart Journal, Volume 16, Issue 11, November 1995, Page 1742, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060805 Published: 01 November 1995
Comparison of two multilevel architectures for envelope amplifier (2009)

Modern transmitters usually have to amplify and transmit signals with simultaneous envelope and phase modulation. Due to this property of the transmitted signal, linear power amplifiers (class A, B or AB) are usually used as a solution for the power amplifier stage. These amplifiers have high linearity, but suffer from low efficiency when the transmitted signal has low peak-to-average power ratio. The Kahn envelope elimination and restoration (EER) technique is used to enhance efficiency of RF transmitters, by combining highly efficient, nonlinear RF amplifier (class D or E) with a highly efficient envelope amplifier in order to obtain linear and highly efficient RF amplifier. This paper compares two solutions for the envelope amplifier based on a combination of multilevel converter and linear regulator. The solutions are compared regarding their efficiency, size and weight. Both solutions can reproduce any signal with maximal spectral component of 1 MHz and give instantaneous maximal power of 50 W. The efficiency measurements show that when the signals with low average value are transmitted, the implemented prototypes have up to 19% higher efficiency than linear regulator that is used as a conventional solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Ca<sub>18.75</sub>Li<sub>10.5</sub> [Al<sub>39</sub>N<sub>55</sub>]:Eu<sup>2+</sup> — Supertetrahedron Phosphor for Solid‐State Lighting. (2016)

Abstract Ca 18.75 Li 10.5 [Al 39 N 55 ]:Eu 2+ (0.5 mol%) is prepared by hot pressing of stoichiometric amounts of Li 3 N, CaH 2 , AlN, and EuF 3 (Mo‐lined corundum crucibles in an isostatic press, 51.7 MPa N 2 , 1250 °C, 5 h).
Effect of moisture and particle size on the extractability of oils from seeds with supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (1984)

Abstract Moisture level and particle size of soybeans, peanuts and cottonseed were correlated with the extraction rate and yield of oil when extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO 2 ) at a constant temperature (50 C) and pressure (8000 psig). The rate of extraction and ultimate oil yields were quite low with cracked soybeans. However, good extraction rates and nearly theoretical oil yields were obtained from ground or thinly flaked (<0.010″) seeds. Moisture levels between 3% and 12% had little effect on extracability. Oil composition was not influenced by either parameter. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study seed structure before and after extraction with SC‐CO 2 . Micrographs of SC‐CO 2 ‐extracted seeds were similar to hexane‐extracted seeds.
Roles of KLF6 and KLF6-SV1 in Ovarian Cancer Progression and Intraperitoneal Dissemination (2006)

Our results show that KLF6 and KLF6-SV1 are associated with key clinical features of EOC and suggest that their therapeutic targeting may alter ovarian cancer growth, progression, and dissemination.
<title>Electron-optical design for the SCALPEL proof-of-concept tool</title> (1995)

A proof-of-concept experimental lithography tool, based upon the SCALPEL<SUP>TM</SUP> principle, is currently being fabricated at AT&T Bell Laboratories. Designed from a lithographic system perspective, we feel that this experimental platform is the minimal configuration necessary to evaluate this specific printing technique, consistent with design rules from 0.18 micrometers to 0.09 micrometers . Details of the machine's electron-optics are presented, including the calculated performance of the electromagnetic lens systems. The critical lithography issues which will be examined using this tool are also discussed.