gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theory of sampling and its application in tissue based diagnosis (2009)

The method is useful in standardization of images derived from immunohistochemically stained slides, and implemented in the EAMUS system http://www.diagnomX.de. It can also be applied for the search of "objects possessing an amplification function", i.e. a rare event with "steering function". A formula to calculate the efficiency and potential error rate of the described sampling procedures is given.
Microholographic computer generated holograms for security applications: Microtags (1998)

We have developed a method for encoding phase and amplitude in microscopic computer-generated holograms (microtags) for security applications. Eight-by-eight-cell and 12 x 12-cell phase-only and phase-and-amplitude microtag designs has been exposed in photoresist using the extreme-ultraviolet (13.4 nm) lithography (EUVL) tool developed at Sandia National Laboratories. Using EUVL, we have also fabricated microtags consisting of 150-nm lines arranged to form 300-nm-period gratings. The microtags described in this report were designed for readout at 632.8 nm and 442 nm. The smallest microtag measures 56 {mu}m x 80 {mu}m when viewed at normal incidence. The largest microtag measures 80 by 160 microns and contains features 0.2 {mu}m wide. The microtag design process uses a modified iterative Fourier-transform algorithm to create either phase-only or phase-and-amplitude microtags. We also report on a simple and compact readout system for recording the diffraction pattern formed by a microtag. The measured diffraction patterns agree very well with predictions. We present the results of a rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) of microtags. Microtags are CD modeled as consisting of sub-wavelength gratings of a trapezoidal profile. Transverse-electric (TE) and TM readout polarizations are modeled. The objective of our analysis is the determination of optimal microtag-grating design parameter values and tolerances on those parameters. The parameters are grating wall-slope angle, grating duty cycle, grating depth, and metal-coating thickness. Optimal microtag-grating parameter values result in maximum diffraction efficiency. Maximum diffraction efficiency is calculated at 16% for microtag gratings in air and 12% for microtag gratings underneath a protective dielectric coating, within fabrication constraints. TM-microtag gratings. Finally, we suggest several additional microtag concepts, such as two-dimensional microtags and pixel-code microtags.
Polymerization of Group 14 Hydrides by Dehydrogenative Coupling (1988)

The dehydrocoupling of organosilanes and germanes under the catalytic influence of titanocene and zirconocene derivatives is reviewed. Primary organosilanes generally give RSiHM2-terminated oligoorganosilylenes containing 10 to 20 silicon atoms, depending on the catalyst. Polymer structural assignments are based on a combination of ir, nmr and ms spectroscopies and on molecular weight studies using gpc and vpo. Primary germanes give three-dimensional gels with the titanium-based catalysts but secondary germanes give short chain linear oligomers. It is proposed that the polymerization proceeds by a repetitive insertion of silylene moieties into a metal-silicon bond.
Inorganic pyrophosphatase crystals from<i>Thermococcus thioreducens</i>for X-ray and neutron diffraction (2012)

Inorganic pyrophosphatase (IPPase) from the archaeon Thermococcus thioreducens was cloned, overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized in restricted geometry, resulting in large crystal volumes exceeding 5 mm3. IPPase is thermally stable and is able to resist denaturation at temperatures above 348 K. Owing to the high temperature tolerance of the enzyme, the protein was amenable to room-temperature manipulation at the level of protein preparation, crystallization and X-ray and neutron diffraction analyses. A complete synchrotron X-ray diffraction data set to 1.85 Å resolution was collected at room temperature from a single crystal of IPPase (monoclinic space group C2, unit-cell parameters a=106.11, b=95.46, c=113.68 Å, α=γ=90.0, β=98.12°). As large-volume crystals of IPPase can be obtained, preliminary neutron diffraction tests were undertaken. Consequently, Laue diffraction images were obtained, with reflections observed to 2.1 Å resolution with I/σ(I) greater than 2.5. The preliminary crystallographic results reported here set in place future structure-function and mechanism studies of IPPase.
Genome Engineering at the Dawn of the Golden Age (2013)

Genome engineering--the ability to precisely alter the DNA information in living cells--is beginning to transform human genetics and genomics. Advances in tools and methods have enabled genetic modifications ranging from the "scarless" correction of a single base pair to the deletion of entire chromosomes. Targetable nucleases are leading the advances in this field, providing the tools to modify any gene in seemingly any organism with high efficiency. Targeted gene alterations have now been reported in more than 30 diverse species, ending the reign of mice as the exclusive model of mammalian genetics, and targetable nucleases have been used to modify more than 150 human genes and loci. A nuclease has also already entered clinical trials, signaling the beginning of genome engineering as therapy. The recent dramatic increase in the number of investigators using these techniques signifies a transition away from methods development toward a new age of exciting applications.
196: Tissue-Engineered Autologous Bladders for Patients Needing Cystoplasty (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster 8, Sunday, May 20, 2007, 8:00 - 10:00 am1 Apr 2007196: Tissue-Engineered Autologous Bladders for Patients Needing Cystoplasty Anthony Atala, Stuart B. Bauer, Shay Saker, James J. Yoo, and Alan B. Retik Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala , Stuart B. BauerStuart B. Bauer , Shay SakerShay Saker , James J. YooJames J. Yoo , and Alan B. RetikAlan B. Retik View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30461-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "196: Tissue-Engineered Autologous Bladders for Patients Needing Cystoplasty." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 66 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 66 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Stuart B. Bauer More articles by this author Shay Saker More articles by this author James J. Yoo More articles by this author Alan B. Retik More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Large format density coding system with photoresist plates (1989)

By combining a large holographic optical lens or a Fresnel lens with a photoresist plate, a density color coding system for a large format picture is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Based on partial coherence theory, a rigorous theoretical analysis is given and confirmed by the experimental results.
Vacuum-uv radiation of laser-produced plasmas (1973)

The continuum radiation of laser-produced plasmas, from high-Z-material solid targets, has been studied experimentally in the range of 1000 to 2000 Å, with special attention to 1216 Å. The energy radiated per pulse was found to grow almost linearly with target irradiance, but more slowly with laser pulse length and wavelength. An ambient pressure of 10−1 torr is enough to reduce it considerably but it is weakly sensitive to focusing, target material, and laser incidence and observation angles. The absolute value of the radiance was measured in a number of cases. The highest spectral radiance obtained was 3.5 × 1022 photons s−1 cm−2 sr−1 Å−1 at 1200 Å, with a total of 3 × 1013 photons sr−1 Å−1 per pulse, for a laser energy of 10 J. Possible ways of improving this figure are discussed. A light-condensing system is described which increases the uv irradiance at the point of utilization and makes an operational and competitive source.
Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Domain Repeat of Stabilin-2 Recognizes Phosphatidylserine during Cell Corpse Clearance (2008)

Exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the cell surface occurs early during apoptosis and serves as a recognition signal for phagocytes. Clearance of apoptotic cells by a membrane PS receptor is one of the critical anti-inflammatory functions of macrophages. However, the PS binding receptors and their recognition mechanisms have not been fully investigated. Recently, we reported that stabilin-2 is a PS receptor that mediates the clearance of apoptotic cells, thus releasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine, transforming growth factor beta. In this study, we showed that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain repeats (EGFrp) in stabilin-2 can directly and specifically recognize PS. The EGFrps also competitively impaired apoptotic cell uptake by macrophages in in vivo models. We also showed that calcium ions are required for stabilin-2 to mediate phagocytosis via EGFrp. Interestingly, at least four tandem repeats of EGF-like domains were required to recognize PS, and the second atypical EGF-like domain in EGFrp was critical for calcium-dependent PS recognition. Considering that PS itself is an important target molecule for both apoptotic cells and nonapoptotic cells during various cellular processes, our results should help elucidate the molecular mechanism by which apoptotic cell clearance in the human body occurs and also have implications for targeting PS externalization of nonapoptotic cells.
Transplantation Tolerance in NF-κB-Impaired Mice Is Not Due to Regulation but Is Prevented by Transgenic Expression of Bcl-xL (2005)

NF-kappaB is a key regulator of transcription after TCR and costimulatory receptor ligation. To determine the role of T cell-intrinsic NF-kappaB activation in acute allograft rejection, we used IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg mice (H-2b) that express an inhibitor of NF-kappaB restricted to the T cell compartment. We have previously shown that these mice permanently accept fully allogeneic (H-2d) cardiac grafts and secondary donor skin grafts, and that splenocytes from these tolerant mice have reduced alloreactivity when restimulated in vitro. These results were compatible with either deletion or suppression of allospecific T cells as possible mechanisms of tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of transplant tolerance in these mice. IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg mice did not have increased numbers or function of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells either before or after cardiac transplantation. In addition, tolerance could not be transferred to fresh NF-kappaB-competent T cells and was not permissive for linked suppression to skin grafts sharing donor and third-party alloantigens, suggesting that dominant suppression is not the mechanism by which IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg mice achieve tolerance. In contrast, overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL in T cells from IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg mice resulted in effective rejection of cardiac allografts and correlated with an increased frequency of splenocytes producing IFN-gamma in response to alloantigen. Together, these results suggest that the death of alloreactive T cells may be partly responsible for the transplantation tolerance observed in mice with defective T cell-intrinsic NF-kappaB activation.
Downlink capacity of interference-limited MIMO systems with joint detection (2004)

The capacity of downlink cellular multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where co-channel interference is the dominant channel impairment, is investigated in this paper, mainly from a signal-processing perspective. Turbo space-time multiuser detection (ST MUD) is employed for intracell communications and is shown to closely approach the ultimate capacity limits in Gaussian ambient noise for an isolated cell. Then, it is combined with various multiuser detection methods for combating intercell interference. Among various multiuser detection techniques examined, linear minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) MUD and successive interference cancellation are shown to be feasible and effective. Based on these two multiuser detection schemes, one of which may outperform the other for different settings, an adaptive detection scheme is developed, which together with a Turbo ST MUD structure offers substantial performance gain over the well-known V-BLAST techniques with coding in this interference-limited cellular environment. The obtained multiuser capacity is excellent in the high to medium signal-to-interference ratio scenario. Nonetheless, numerical results also indicate that a further increase in system complexity, using base-station cooperation, could lead to further significant increases of the system capacity. The asymptotic multicell MIMO capacity with linear MMSE MUD preprocessing is also derived, and this analysis agrees well with the simulation results.
Kinematic analysis and control of a 7-DOF redundant telerobot manipulator (2002)

The authors deal with the kinematic analysis and control of a kinematically redundant manipulator, which is the slave arm of a telerobot system recently built at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) to serve as a testbed for investigating research issues in telerobotics. A forward kinematic transformation is developed in its most simplified form, suitable for real-time control applications, and the manipulator Jacobian is derived using the vector cross-product method. Using the developed forward kinematic transformation and quarternion representation of orientation matrices, computer simulation is performed to evaluate the efficiency of the Jacobian in converting joint velocities into Cartesian velocities and to investigate the accuracy of Jacobian pseudoinverse for various sampling times. The equivalence between Cartesian velocities and quarternion is also verified using computer simulation. Three control schemes are proposed and discussed for controlling the motion of the slave-arm end effector.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Administration Route, Dietary Condition, and Blood Glucose Level on Kinetics and Uptake of<sup>18</sup>F-FDG in Mice (2011)

Intraperitoneal injection is a valid alternative route, providing pharmacokinetic data equivalent to data from tail-vein injection for small-animal (18)F-FDG PET. Cerebral K(i) varies inversely with blood glucose level, but the measured cerebral MRGlu does not correlate with blood glucose level or dietary condition. Conversely, the K(i) values of the myocardium and skeletal muscle are strongly dependent on dietary condition but not on blood glucose level. In tissue in which (18)F-FDG uptake declines with increasing blood glucose, correction for blood glucose level will make SUV a more robust outcome measure of MRGlu.
Load Balancing for MapReduce-based Entity Resolution (2012)

The effectiveness and scalability of MapReduce-based implementations of complex data-intensive tasks depend on an even redistribution of data between map and reduce tasks. In the presence of skewed data, sophisticated redistribution approaches thus become necessary to achieve load balancing among all reduce tasks to be executed in parallel. For the complex problem of entity resolution, we propose and evaluate two approaches for such skew handling and load balancing. The approaches support blocking techniques to reduce the search space of entity resolution, utilize a preprocessing MapReduce job to analyze the data distribution, and distribute the entities of large blocks among multiple reduce tasks. The evaluation on a real cloud infrastructure shows the value and effectiveness of the proposed load balancing approaches.
Elevated dNTP levels suppress hyper-recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae S-phase checkpoint mutants (2009)

MEC1, the essential yeast homolog of the human ATR/ATM genes, controls the S-phase checkpoint and prevents replication fork collapse at slow zones of DNA replication. The viability of hypomorphic mec1-21 is reduced in the rad52 mutant, defective in homologous recombination, suggesting that replication generates recombinogenic lesions. We previously observed a 6-, 10- and 30-fold higher rate of spontaneous sister chromatid exchange (SCE), heteroallelic recombination and translocations, respectively, in mec1-21 mutants compared to wild-type. Here we report that the hyper-recombination phenotype correlates with lower deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) levels, compared to wild-type. By introducing a dun1 mutation, thus eliminating inducible expression of ribonucleotide reductase in mec1-21, rates of spontaneous SCE increased 15-fold above wild-type. All the hyper-recombination phenotypes were reduced by SML1 deletions, which increase dNTP levels. Measurements of dNTP pools indicated that, compared to wild-type, there was a significant decrease in dNTP levels in mec1-21, dun1 and mec1-21 dun1, while the dNTP levels of mec1-21 sml1, mec1-21 dun1 sml1 and sml1 mutants were approximately 2-fold higher. Interestingly, higher dNTP levels in mec1-21 dun1 sml1 correlate with approximately 2-fold higher rate of spontaneous mutagenesis, compared to mec1-21 dun1. We suggest that higher dNTP levels in specific checkpoint mutants suppress the formation of recombinogenic lesions.
SFBC with clipping and filtering as a transmit diversity technique in SC-FDMA (2015)

The paper presents Space-Frequency Block Coding (SFBC) as a transmit diversity technique in Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). SC-FDMA is known as a low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) modulation technique. SFBC requires changing the order of the samples in the frequency domain, which results in increase of the PAPR. Because of that, additional clipping and filtering is proposed to be performed after SFBC to preserve low PAPR level and to avoid the out-of-band radiation. This affects the performance, but still provides significant advantage to the existing techniques, as is shown using simulations
Active diplexer based on isolation circuits imbedded low noise amplifiers (2015)

In this paper, a novel active diplexer based on low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) using multi-functional composite right/left-handed input matching circuit (CRLH-IMC) is proposed. Since each CRLH-IMC has optimized impedance for targeted LNA performances as well as the required isolation characteristics, an active diplexer with gain and low noise figure (NF) can be realized by placing a single input port between two LNAs with CRLH-IMCs. The proposed active diplexer can reduce overall system dimension and loss by removing passive diplexer. In addition, diplexer performances such as insertion loss and isolations can now be controlled by an amplifier design. In this paper, the active diplexer prototype operating at 1.5 GHz and 2.6 GHz is designed and fabricated. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated results.
X-ray bright points and the solar cycle dependence of emerging magnetic flux (1980)

Soft X-ray imaging of the solar corona during the period 1970 to 1978 resulted in significant modifications to the view of the solar cycle with respect to both the properties of the large scale (coronal holes) and small scale (X-ray Bright Points) solar magnetic field. In the latter case, the particular contribution is to the emerging magnetic flux. Sounding rocket observations combined with the Skylab data indicate that the XBP are anticorrelated with sunspot number and are the dominant contributors to the solar cycle. A continuous data set covering a complete cycle would enable the validity of this result which has serious implications for the nature of the solar dynamo, to be confirmed.
Differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte (2006)

Aim: To study the possibility of bone marrow stem cells(MSCs) differentiating into cardiomyocytes and provide ideal transplanting stem cells in myocardial infarction therapy. Methods: Rat MSCs were separated and cultured.Culture of MSCs was maintained after being induced by 5-aza for 24 h.Cardiomyocytes were identified by immunocytochemistry staining and RT-PCR. Results: Immunocytochemistry results showed that cardiac Troponin T(cTnT) and connexin-43 expressed in MSCs at 3 weeks after induction by 5-aza. RT-PCR result suggested that cardiac Troponin I(cTnI) and α-cardiac actin expressed in MSCs at 3 weeks after induction by 5-aza. Conclusion: MSCs could differentiate into cardiomyocytes after being induced by 5-aza in vitro.$$$$
Enhancing process insight in polymer extrusion by grey box modelling (2007)

Owing to the complexity and inherent instability in polymer extrusion there is a need for process models which can be run on-line to optimize settings and control disturbances. First-principle models demand computationally intensive solution, while `black box' models lack generalization ability and physical process insight. This work examines a novel `grey box' modelling technique which incorporates both prior physical knowledge and empirical data in generating intuitive models of the process. The models can be related to the underlying physical mechanisms in the extruder and have been shown to capture unpredictable effects of the operating conditions on process instability. Furthermore, model parameters can be related to material properties available from laboratory analysis and as such, lend themselves to retuning for different materials without extensive remodelling work.
Potential nootropic agents, 4-alkoxy-2-(1-piperazinyl)quinazoline derivatives. (1991)

A series of 4-alkoxy-2-(1-piperazinyl)quinazoline derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for its ability to reverse a scopolamine-induced learned impairment in a one-trial passive avoidance task (antiamnestic activity). 2-(4-Allyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-pentyloxyquinazoline (4) showed more potent antiamnestic activity than such reference compounds as aniracetam, idebenone and bifemelane at a wide dose range (1-30 mg/kg]. Compound 4 also exhibited potent anticonvulsive and antihypoxic activities, and was selected as the most promising nootropic candidate agent.
Low absorption liquid crystals for mid-wave infrared applications (2011)

A partially fluorinated terphenyl liquid crystal with low absorption in both mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and near IR regions is developed and its properties evaluated. This compound exhibits a nematic phase (although only about 2 °C), reasonably high birefringence (Δn~0.2), low visco-elastic coefficient, and modest dielectric anisotropy (Δε = -2.7). This compound serves as an important first example for future development of low-loss MWIR liquid crystals and devices.
Dual frequency cholesteric light shutters (1997)

We developed a dual frequency cholesteric light shutter which utilizes a cholesteric liquid crystal; the dielectric anisotropy of the material changes from positive to negative when the frequency of applied voltage is increased. The shutters are switched to the transparent homeotropic texture by low frequency voltages, and switched to the reflecting planar texture by high frequency voltages. We designed a waveform which reduced the transition time from the homeotropic texture to the planar texture to less than 100 ms.
Effect of recurrent onabotulinum toxin a injection into the salivary glands: An ultrasound measurement (2015)

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