gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of an Expert System for Citrus Spray Applications (2010)

An expert system has been developed to assist citrus spray applicators and grove managers in making quick decisions before and during implementation of a spray application scheme. The system is partly built on a computer-based model developed to predict on-target deposition of spray material in citrus spray applications. The knowledgebase and the reference module are integrated and are based on a combination of information extracted from technical literature with an expert guidance. The expert system algorithm has been implemented in Visual Basic for Applications within Microsoft Office Excel 2007. This paper presents the structure and development of the system. The expert system has the potential to speed up planning of air-carrier spray application schemes in citrus production.
GP based design method for control systems via Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations (1999)

We deal with the design problem of feedback control synthesis via the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. Making use of the emergent property of genetic programming (GP), we propose a new approach for obtaining the value functions approximately. Some numerical examples are demonstrated to illustrate the practicability of our control design method.
Development of Response Surface Model of Endurance Time and Structural Parameter Optimization for a Tailsitter UAV (2020)

This study designed a vertical take-off and landing tailsitter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a long endurance time. Nine parameters of the tailsitter UAV were investigated. Using a 2<sup>k</sup> full factorial test, 512 experiments on the nine parameters were conducted at their maximum and minimum values. The time coefficient and air resistance were calculated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method under different parameter combinations. The analysis of variance determined that the specific factors influencing the time coefficient and air resistance were the root chord, wingtip chord, wingspan, and sweep angle. By carrying out a central composite design (CCD) test, 25 sample points of the four particular factors were constructed. The time coefficient and air resistance were simulated under different structural parameter combinations using the CFD method. CFD simulation was verified by carrying out a wind tunnel test, and the results revealed that the aerodynamic coefficient error was less than 5%, while the air resistance error was less than 6%. The response surface methodology (RSM) for the time coefficient and air resistance was established using a genetic aggregation method. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) was used to optimize the parameters with regard to the maximum time coefficient and minimum air resistance. The optimal structural parameters were wing root chord length at 315 mm, wingtip chord length at 182 mm, wingspan length at 1198 mm, and sweep angle at 16°. Compared with the original layout and size, the time coefficient of the new design of the tailsitter UAV improved by 19.5%, while the air resistance reduced by 34.78%. The results obtained by this study are significant for the design of tailsitter UAVs.
PHOTOSENSITIZED CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPHOTOSENSITIZED CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS1George S. Hammond, Nicholas J. Turro, and Alfred FischerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 22, 4674–4675Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01483a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01483a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views773Altmetric-Citations159LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protective Effect of β‐Glucan Against <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>, BCG Infection in BALB/c Mice (1998)

Beta-1,3-glucan is a potent stimulator of macrophage functions and has a protective effect against a range of infections in rodent models. We examined whether the agent could also protect against the intracellular Mycobacterium bovis, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection in mice. BCG-susceptible BALB/c mice were injected intravenously (i.v.) with beta-glucan or vehicle 3 days before, or with beta-glucan 7 days after i.v. challenge with live BCG bacilli. The animals were killed 4 or 8 weeks later, their organs were homogenized and applied to object slides and stained with auramin for counting of bacilli, or seeded onto agar in Petri dishes. Mice treated with beta-glucan both pre- and postchallenge had significantly lower numbers of BCG bacilli and BCG colony-forming units in spleen homogenates compared with controls 4 weeks after challenge. A similar, but not statistically significant, tendency was observed in spleen homogenates from mice killed 8 weeks after challenge. In homogenates of liver and lungs there were similar findings, but less pronounced. There was a dose-dependent effect of beta-glucan injected before BCG challenge on the number of BCG bacilli found in spleen and liver homogenates. In addition, antibody cross-reactivity was demonstrated between M. tuberculosis cell wall and beta-glucan. The results suggest that beta-glucan has a protective effect against M. bovis, BCG infection in susceptible mice.
VIGR – a novel inducible adhesion family G‐protein coupled receptor in endothelial cells (2004)

Using a signal sequence trap for selection of differentially expressed secretory and membrane proteins, we identified a novel member of the adhesion family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), termed vascular inducible GPCR (VIGR). VIGR contains C1r-C1s, Uegf and Bmp1 (CUB) and pentraxin (PTX)-like modules and a mucin-like spacer, followed by seven transmembrane domains. By surface biotinylation as well as by immunofluorescence analysis we demonstrate that endogenous, highly glycosylated VIGR is expressed on the cell surface of endothelial cells (ECs) upon LPS or thrombin treatment, and inducible expression is mediated by MAP kinases, but not NF-kappaB. We show that VIGR is selectively expressed in ECs derived from larger vessels, but not from microvessels. In summary, VIGR represents a novel GPCR of the adhesion family, which is unique in its long extra-cellular domain comprising CUB and PTX-like modules and in its inducibility by LPS and thrombin in a subset of ECs, suggesting an important function in cell-adhesion and potentially links inflammation and coagulation.
Richard of Elsfield as Constable of Bordeaux,1318–20 (1937)

Richard of Elsfield as Constable of Bordeaux,1318–20 Get access ESME POLE STUART, ESME POLE STUART Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar HILDA JOHNSTONE HILDA JOHNSTONE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LII, Issue CCV, January 1937, Pages 23–38, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LII.CCV.23 Published: 01 January 1937
The effect of handling on the yield of two populations of <i>Lolium perenne</i> selected for differences in mature leaf respiration rate (1993)

Two populations of Lolium perenne L. S23 (perennial ryegrass), selected for differences in mature leaf dark respiration, were used in a non‐destructive indexing system for individual plants, to determine growth parameters. Population GL66, selected for high respiratory rates and low yield, responded strongly to the indexing treatment, when grown at low plant density. Dry weights of all plant parts decreased strongly, as did dry matter percentages of the leaf blades. At high density this population demonstrated the same trend, but additionally allocation to the shoot increased. In contrast, GL72, selected for low respiratory rates and a high yield, responded only at a high plant density. It is argued that there might be a relation between the dissimilar response of the two populations to mechanical influences and the presence of the genotypes of the low‐yielding population in the parent variety. The results also emphasize that non‐destructive growth analyses can only be used when their effects on the plants are known.
Communicating logic: an alternative embedded stream processing paradigm (2002)

This paper introduces a new concurrent processing model called "Communicating Logic" (CL). As the target architecture we adopt the dual layered "Plastic Cell Architecture" (PCA). Data-path-oriented processing functionality is encapsulated in asynchronous hardware objects with variable graining and implemented using look-up tables. Communication (i.e. connectivity and control) between the distributed processing objects is achieved by means of inter-object message passing. The key point of the CL approach is that it offers the merits of scalable, high performance hardware implementation with the compilation and linking capabilities unique to software.
An approach based on particle swarm optimization for fast object detection (2011)

This paper describes a new object detection approach using particle swarm optimization (PSO). The approach is based on the idea that the task of finding a well-matched subwindow (object) can be formulated as an integer nonlinear optimization problem (INOP). We use PSO to solve this formulated INOP. Experiments in the domain of face detection are presented and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
How valid is the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in the community? (2002)

At least 15% of patients with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in the population do not fulfil strict clinical criteria for the disease, and approximately 20% of patients with Parkinson's disease who have already come to medical attention have not been diagnosed as such.
Time Domain Reflectometry Field Measurements of Soil Water Content and Electrical Conductivity (1985)

Abstract Simultaneous measurements of volumetric water content and bulk electrical conductivity were made using time domain reflectometry (TDR) with a single parallel transmission line (PTL) imbedded in the soil. Sixty PTL's were installed at five depths in 12 existing lysimeter plots, irrigated with different amounts of water at two salt concentrations (1.3 and 3.1 dS/m). The water content measurements obtained with TDR showed a good relationship to gravimetric determinations ( r 2 = 0.84) and were comparable to neutron probe measurements. The TDR measurements of bulk soil electrical conductivity were similar to the measurements of the same soil physical property measured with the four‐probe electrode technique. The relation between bulk soil electrical conductivity and the conductivity of the soil solution is discussed. The importance of measuring both soil water content and salinity in a nondestructive manner on the same sampling volume, enabling repeated in situ measurements is stressed.
Bismuth Triflate: An Efficient Catalyst for the Formation and Deprotection of Tetrahydropyranyl Ethers (2003)

Abstract The tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols under solvent‐free conditions is efficiently catalyzed by bismuth triflate (0.1 mol %). The experimental procedure is simple and works well with a variety of alcohols and phenols. The catalyst is insensitive to air and small amounts of moisture, easy to handle and relatively nontoxic. The deprotection of THP ethers is also catalyzed by bismuth triflate (1.0 mol %). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Current Biomedical Use of Copper Chelation Therapy (2020)

Copper is an essential microelement that plays an important role in a wide variety of biological processes. Copper concentration has to be finely regulated, as any imbalance in its homeostasis can induce abnormalities. In particular, excess copper plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of the genetic disease Wilson's syndrome, in neurological and neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, in diabetes, and in several forms of cancer. Copper chelating agents are among the most promising tools to keep copper concentration at physiological levels. In this review, we focus on the most relevant compounds experimentally and clinically evaluated for their ability to counteract copper homeostasis deregulation. In particular, we provide a general overview of the main disorders characterized by a pathological increase in copper levels, summarizing the principal copper chelating therapies adopted in clinical trials.
Systematic engineering of the central metabolism in Escherichia coli for effective production of n-butanol (2016)

The production efficiency of fermentative products in microbes strongly depends on the intracellular redox state. This work illustrates the flexibility of pyruvate, G6P, and acetyl-CoA nodes at the junction of the central metabolism for engineering. In principle, high production of reduced products of interest can be achieved by individual or coordinated modulation of these metabolite nodes.
Cardiac troponin-I is not expressed in fetal and healthy or diseased adult human skeletal muscle tissue (1995)

Cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) is not found in sera of patients with skeletal muscle disease in the absence of myocardial injury. It is not known, however, whether trace amounts of cTnI are expressed in regenerating human skeletal muscle, as has been observed with creatine kinase MB. Using immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques, we investigated cTnI expression in various human muscle tissues: human heart tissue (n = 5), normal adult skeletal muscle (n = 3), and fetal heart (n = 3) and skeletal muscle (n = 3) obtained, respectively, during heart transplant, from autopsy, or from a tissue bank. Specimens from diagnostic tissue biopsies were used as diseased skeletal muscle: polymyositis (PM), n = 13; Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), n = 6. Frozen sections 8 microns thick were stained immunohistochemically for either cTnI or TnI (cardiac or skeletal) by using monoclonal antibodies (MAb) 2B1.9 (cTnI specific) or 3C5.10 (reactive with all TnI isoforms), respectively. cTnI was measured in tissue homogenates by an immunofluorometric assay. Cardiac muscle was stained by both MAbs. Normal fetal and adult skeletal muscle, and samples from all of the PM and DMD patients, stained only with the nonspecific MAb (3C5.10), confirming the sole presence of skeletal TnI. No cTnI was detectable by immunoassay in any skeletal muscle sample. We conclude that cTnI is not expressed in human skeletal muscle during development or during regenerative muscle disease processes such as PM or DMD.
Release of the mitochondrial enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthase under septic conditions. (2005)

To identify sepsis-related dysregulations of protein expression in the liver, we used a baboon model of acute endotoxemia and performed comparative proteome analysis. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was followed by an early but long-lasting (5-48 h) generation of N-terminal fragments of carbamoyl phosphate synthase-1 (CPS-1), an abundant enzyme of the hepatic urea cycle, which is normally located in the mitochondrial matrix. In addition, we developed a new sandwich immunoassay to determine circulating CPS-1 in human and baboons. We found CPS-1 to be induced by LPS and to be released into the circulation of healthy humans and baboons as early as 4 to 5 h after stimulation. Similarly, CPS-1 levels increased after injection of gram-positive bacteria in another baboon model. Enhanced CPS-1 levels were also detected in serum of patients with sepsis. Our data demonstrate fragmentation of CPS-1 in the liver and early increase in circulating CPS-1 levels under septic conditions. We suggest that circulating CPS-1 might serve as a novel serum marker indicating mitochondrial impairment of the liver and/or the small intestine in critically ill patients.
A simple and efficient approximation to the modified Bessel functions and its applications to Rician fading (2013)

In recent days, relay assisted cellular networks are gaining more importance in research and development because of the recent adoption of new communication standards with relaying and cooperation communication. This has introduced a multichannel diversity along with the multiuser diversity and the channel aware dynamic resource allocation models. The issue of the optimal location of relays has risen especially when dedicated relays are used as the standard proposes instead of the cooperative model of the users. In this paper, we study the optimal location of a single relay. Furthermore, we study the effect of changing the number of users on the optimal location of the relay. The effect of adding multiple relays to the system is examined. The optimal locations are examined when the relay channels are the only channels to be used by the system and when the direct channel (DT) is also available. The problem formulation assumes, Rayleigh block faded channels, half duplex regenerative (repetition coding) decode-and-forward (DF) relaying strategy, long-term average total transmitted power constraint and orthogonal multiplexing of the users messages within the channel blocks. New simple and accurate approximations to the modified Bessel functions of the first kind, zeroth order I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> (z) and first order I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> (z) are presented. The new proposed approximations are given as a simple finite sum of scaled exponential functions. Comparisons are made between the exact functions, classic approximations, and the new approximation in terms of simplicity and accuracy. The new approximation proves to be sufficiently accurate to bridge the gap between the classic large and small argument approximations and has potential applications in allowing one to analytically evaluate integrals containing Modified Bessel Functions, yielding simple closed-form solutions. A generalized closed-form expression for the average bit error rate over Nakagami-n (Rice) fading, and Rayleigh fading as a special case, are derived as sample applications, and the results are compared with Monte Carlo Simulation, where a very good matching is achieved.
Biologically inspired autonomous agent navigation using an integrated polarization analyzing CMOS image sensor (2010)

The navigational strategies of insects using skylight polarization are interesting for applications in autonomous agent navigation because they rely on very little information for navigation. A polarization navigation sensor using the Stokes parameters to determine the orientation is presented. The working principle of the sensor is based on egocentric navigation predominant in insects. The Stokes parameters computed from the measured intensities using a metallic wire grid micropolarizer are used to retrieve positional information. The computation of the Stokes parameters is simplified to allow for a future on-chip computational algorithm implementation, which would result in highly miniaturized navigational sensors. The image sensor consist of an array of 128×128 pixels, occupies an area of 5×4 mm2 and it has been designed and fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS process.
A quantitative study of irregular programs on GPUs (2012)

GPUs have been used to accelerate many regular applications and, more recently, irregular applications in which the control flow and memory access patterns are data-dependent and statically unpredictable. This paper defines two measures of irregularity called control-flow irregularity and memory-access irregularity, and investigates, using performance-counter measurements, how irregular GPU kernels differ from regular kernels with respect to these measures. For a suite of 13 benchmarks, we find that (i) irregularity at the warp level varies widely, (ii) control-flow irregularity and memory-access irregularity are largely independent of each other, and (iii) most kernels, including regular ones, exhibit some irregularity. A program's irregularity can change between different inputs, systems, and arithmetic precision but generally stays in a specific region of the irregularity space. Whereas some highly tuned implementations of irregular algorithms exhibit little irregularity, trading off extra irregularity for better locality or less work can improve overall performance.
VirtualMesh: an emulation framework for wireless mesh networks in OMNeT++ (2009)

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) have proven to be a key technology for increased network coverage of Internet infrastructures. The development process for new protocols and architectures in the area of WMN is typically split into evaluation by network simulation and testing of a prototype in a test-bed
Problem of artifacts in the analysis of N-nitroso compounds (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProblem of artifacts in the analysis of N-nitroso compoundsI. S. Krull, T. Y. Fan, and D. H. FineCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 6, 698–701Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50027a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50027a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts