gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrojejunostomy in Patients with Delayed Gastric Emptying (2008)

Objective: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy (PEGJ) has become the method of choice to achieve an enteral access route in patients who require long-term enteral nutrition, especially in patients with delayed gastric emptying. Here, we discuss a successful approach for PEGJ used in our hospital. Materials and Methods: Thirteen of 145 percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy patients (9%) with delayed gastric emptying had indications for PEGJ, which was performed in two steps. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was performed first, and feeding was started through the PEG tube 24 hours later. PEG was converted to PEGJ because of delayed gastric emptying. Under fluoroscopic guidance to confirm the tube position, a stiffened jejunal tube was passed through the PEG tube and pushed downward as deep as possible to the jejunum. Feeding was accomplished by continuous infusion using a feeding pump in all patients. A daily follow-up of the patients was carried out during the hospitalization period. Result Thirteen PEG patients underwent 37 attempts at feeding tube placement. Thirty-three initial procedures were successful and eventually all procedures succeeded in these patients. Therefore, there was a successful rate in initial placement of feeding tubes of 89% (33/37) in these patients. The average time was about 20 minutes for the PEG placement and about 10 minutes for the PEGJ placement. Enteral nutrition with a polymeric diet was initiated the day after the PEGJ placement. All patients obtained good enteral feeding through the PEGJ, and 10 patients achieved the nutrition goal four days later. The average duration of enteral nutrition through the PEGJ was 68 days. Only one patient developed aspiration pneumonia. There were some minor complications including peristomal infection in two patients and gastrojejunostomy tube replacements in two patients. No death resulted from a PEGJ-related complication. Conclusion: PEGJ provides a better choice for a long-term nutritional support, especially in patients with delayed gastric emptying. PEGJ shows good efficacy and safety when combined with good enteral nutrition support, can reduce aspiration pneumonia, and has a low complication rate compared with previously described methods.
The Effect of Buoyancy on the Thermal Ignition of Carbon Monoxide (1981)

In this paper, we report on a calculation which shows the effect of buoyancy on thermal ignition of a homogeneous mixture. The intent of this was to start with a useful calculation, which could not be done using brute force techniques, and demonstrate the importance of optimizing the numerical implementation of a reactive flow model to run on a vector computer. As similar problems in combustion become more extensive and intricate, it behooves us to utilize computers in the most efficient manner possible. It is no longer feasible to continue to "ask the computer" to do more and more work, without thought as to how a particular problem is to be implemented. The number of problems for which one would like to use a computer, as well as the complexity of these problems, is increasing at an astronomical rate. The other side of the coin, of course is that computers,
Demo Abstract: MEDiSN: Medical Emergency Detection in Sensor Networks (2008)

Staff shortages and an increasingly aging population are straining the ability of emergency departments to provide high-quality care. Moreover, there is a growing concern about the ability of hospitals to provide effective care during disaster events. Tools that automate patient monitoring would greatly improve efficiency, quality of care, and the volume of patients treated. Towards this goal, we have developed MEDiSN, a wireless sensor network for monitoring patients ’ vital signs in hospitals and disaster events. MEDiSN consists of Patient Monitors which are custombuilt, patient-worn motes that sample, compress and secure medical data, and Relay Points that form a static multihop wireless backbone for carrying patient data. Moreover, MEDiSN includes a back-end server that persistently stores
Comparative study of body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. (1995)

These findings suggest that at high values of FFM, DEXA is measuring something different from the FFM measured by TBW, TBN and TBK. The program for separating bone and soft tissue and for separating soft tissue into fat and lean at higher values in the DEXA method may need to be adjusted.
Development of a Manufacturing Process for 1-(1-Pyridin-2-yl methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-1<i>H</i>-indole:  A Key Intermediate for Protein Kinase C Inhibitor LY317615 (2006)

This contribution describes process development leading to the production of 1-(1-pyridin-2-yl methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-1H-indole (11). The title compound 11 was produced via a Leimgruber−Batcho indole synthesis using key intermediates 2-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)benzenamine (6) and, 1-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-4-piperidinone camphor sulfonate (9). Direct crystallization of 11 from IPA or ethanol−water was developed to provide (11) with <1% impurities and high yield (78%). The combined process leads to a five-step synthesis of 11 that was efficient and reflected Eli Lilly and Company's commitment to implementation of environmental friendly processes whenever feasible.
Tenderizing, Ageing, and Thawing Effects on Sensory, Chemical, and Physical Properties of Beef Steaks (1991)

ABSTRACT The effects of electrical stimulation, tender stretching, ageing, freezing and thawing on beef palatability were assessed by a trained sensory panel and by several objective methods. The overall palatability of both longissimus dorsi (strip loin) and semimembranosus (topside) steaks improved with ageing, irrespective of tenderizing method, but there appeared to be little advantage in extending ageing beyond 10 days. Tender stretched longissimus dorsi steaks were marginally preferred by the taste panel to electrically stimulated steaks subjected to the same ageing. Unfrozen steaks were preferable to frozen and thawed steaks with respect to juiciness, flavor and tenderness. Thawing method had little effect on steak palatability.
Intronic regulatory elements determine the divergent expression patterns of <i>AGAMOUS‐LIKE6</i> subfamily members in Arabidopsis (2009)

The screening of enhancer detector lines in Arabidopsis thaliana has identified genes that are specifically expressed in the sporophytic tissue of the ovule. One such gene is the MADS-domain transcription factor AGAMOUS-LIKE6 (AGL6), which is expressed asymmetrically in the endothelial layer of the ovule, adjacent to the developing haploid female gametophyte. Transcription of AGL6 is regulated at multiple stages of development by enhancer and silencer elements located in both the upstream regulatory region and the large first intron. These include a bipartite enhancer, which requires elements in both the upstream regulatory region and the first intron, active in the endothelium. Transcription of the AGL13 locus, which encodes the other member of the AGL6 subfamily in Arabidopsis, is also regulated by elements located in the upstream regulatory region and in the first intron. There is, however, no overlapping expression of AGL6 and AGL13 except in the chalaza of the developing ovule, as was shown using a dual gene reporter system. Phylogenetic shadowing of the first intron of AGL6 and AGL13 homologs from other Brassicaceae identified four regions of conservation that probably contain the binding sites of transcriptional regulators, three of which are conserved outside Brassicaceae. Further phylogenetic analysis using the protein-encoding domains of AGL6 and AGL13 revealed that the MADS DNA-binding domain shows considerable divergence. Together, these results suggest that AGL6 and AGL13 show signs of subfunctionalization, with divergent expression patterns, regulatory sequences and possibly functions.
Managing heterogeneous resources in data mining applications on grids using XML-based metadata (2004)

The Grid supports the sharing and coordinated use of resources in dynamic heterogeneous distributed environments. The effective use of a Grid requires the definition of an approach to manage the heterogeneity of the involved resources that can include computers, data, network facilities and software tools provided by different organizations. This issue get more importance when complex applications, such as data-intensive simulations and data mining applications, executed on a Grid. This paper is concerned with heterogeneous resource management in Grid-based data mining applications. It discusses how resources are represented and managed in the KNOWLEDGE GRID and how XML-based metadata are used to describe data mining tools, data sources, mining models and execution plans, and how those metadata are used for the design and execution of distributed data mining applications on Grids.
Allograft vascular disease: comparison of heart and other grafted organs. (1996)

A striking resemblance exists between the vasculopathy in several different allografts. The arteriopathy of epicardial coronary arteries is diffuse, involving proximal, distal, and small branch segments in a generally concentric pattern of intimal thickening. Smooth muscle cells in a lipid- and glycosaminoglycan-rich matrix are the predominant components of this expanded intima. Varying amounts of collagen are present, more being present late posttransplant. A superficial and, to a lesser degree, deep, bandlike infiltrate of T cells and macrophages is uniformly present, although it is somewhat more prominent in early lesions as compared to more severely narrowed arteries from longer-term, susceptible grafts. The media is likewise altered by areas of lipid and glycosaminoglycan deposition associated with smooth muscle cell loss and phenotypic modulation. The media is altered in an outside-to-inside direction, with percolation of adventitial leukocytes into the outer media. Virtually all of the coronary features are seen in the medium to large arteries of liver, pancreas, and kidney allografts. Chronic rejection in lung allografts is manifest by obliterative bronchiolitis; vascular changes, although architecturally similar, are somewhat less common and result in less-severe luminal narrowing. The role of allograft vasculopathy in chronic lung rejection is thus less certain. A finding perhaps unique to epicardial coronary arteries of heart allografts is the presence of eccentric lesions more typical of native atherosclerosis. Many of the latter grafts probably have preexistent, undetected donor disease. Sequential evaluation of vascular changes is limited in human biopsy material by their general absence in endomyocardial or core liver needle specimens. Fortunately, vascular changes can be detected in some renal and pancreas core needle biopsies, and these findings may provide an avenue for monitoring the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy, antiviral or lipid-altering therapies, or modifications of smooth muscle cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan deposition yet to be developed.
Some robust design strategies for percentile estimation in binary response models (2006)

Abstract For the problem of percentile estimation of a quantal response curve, the authors determine multiobjective designs which are robust with respect to misspecifications of the model assumptions. They propose a maximin approach based on efficiencies which leads to designs that are simultaneously efficient with respect to various choices of link functions and parameter regions. Furthermore, the authors deal with the problems of designing model and percentile robust experiments. They give various examples of such designs, which are calculated numerically.
Levinea, a New Genus of the Family Enterobacteriaceae (1971)

A new genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae is proposed on the basis of its unique biochemical and serological properties. The genus, Levinea (named in honor of Max Levine), is composed of two different species, for which the names Levinea amalonatica and Levinea malonatica are proposed. L. amalonatica is designated as the type species. The type strain of L. amalonatica is 9823 (=ATCC 25405) and the type strain of L. malonatica is 1791 (=ATCC 25408). Information is given which distinguishes the proposed new genus from certain species of Enterobacter and Citrobacter, the genera which it most closely resembles. The similarity of L. amalonatica to organisms in the proposed new genus Padlewskia Macierewicz (9) is discussed.
Cell Viability in Arthroscopic Versus Open Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (2016)

The viability of cells delivered for ACI via an arthroscopic approach was 16 times less than via an open approach. The mini-arthrotomy approach is recommended until long-term clinical comparative data are available.
Clocking in multi-GHz environment (2003)

An overview of clocking and design of clocked storage elements is presented. Systematic design of Flip-Flop is explained as well as "time borrowing" and absorption of clock uncertainties. We show how different clocked storage elements should be compared against each other. The issues related to power consumption and low-power design are presented.
The SWOT Analysis of Qingdao Marine Culture Industry (2012)

Abstract –the twenty-first Century is the century of ocean; culture is the soul of a city, the development of Qingdao marine culture industry is the call of the times and Qingdao building the blue Shandong Peninsula Economic Zone of the core areas of urgent need. Interpretation of the marine culture, using the SWOT analysis method, presents the development of Qingdao marine culture industry advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats, and finally reaches the conclusion.
Effect of encapsulation or grafting on release kinetics of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 from self‐assembled poly(lactide‐<i>co</i>‐glycolide ethylene oxide fumarate) nanoparticles (2010)

The objective of this work was to compare the release characteristics of Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) encapsulated in thermally self-assembled poly(lactide ethylene oxide fumarate) (PLEOF) nanoparticles (NPs) with rhBMP-2 grafted to succinimide-terminated poly(lactide fumarate) (PLAF-NHS) or poly(lactide-co-glycolide fumarate) (PLGF-NHS) NPs. The amphiphilic PLEOF NPs had average size of 110 +/- 50 nm. The hydrophobic PLAF-NHS and PLGF-NHS NPs had average size of 242 +/- 67 and 195 +/- 42 nm, respectively. PLEOF NPs had rhBMP-2 encapsulation efficiency ranging from 65 to 93%. Grafting efficiency of rhBMP-2 to PLAF-NHS and PLGF-NHS NPs was 97% +/- 1% and 98% +/- 1%, respectively. PLEOF NPs displayed a relatively high-release rate of rhBMP-2 in the first week, which rapidly dropped to zero after 10 days. PLEOF NPs grafted with 10 and 20 microg/mL rhBMP-2 released 67 and 80% of the protein in the active conformation after degradation. PLGF-NHS NPs displayed sustained release of rhBMP-2 in the first 2 weeks but dropped to almost zero rate (< 3 ng/day) after 20 days. PLAF-NHS NPs showed the longest period of sustained release of active rhBMP-2 at two rates: a high rate of 25-35 ng/mL in the first 2 weeks followed by a low rate of 5-10 ng/mL from 2 to 6 weeks. Nearly, 25 and 50% of the rhBMP-2 released from PLGF-NHS and PLAF-NHS NPs, respectively, were enzymatically active after degradation of the NPs. PLEOF NPs provided a fast release of rhBMP-2 for 1 week, whereas PLAF-NHS NPs provided a slow release for up to 6 weeks.
Interleukin-6 as diagnostic marker for neonatal sepsis: determination of Access IL-6 cutoff for newborns. (2008)

Neonatal infections are by far the most common cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. To accelerate the diagnosis of a bacterial infection, IL-6 is increasingly used in neonatal diagnostics. The advantage is the level of IL-6 rises at the onset of infection while CRP reaches the maximum concentration with a noticeable delay. This analytical study was conducted to determine the Access IL-6 immunoassay normal range in neonates on postnatal day 1. A total of 124 serum samples from newborns were collected for IL-6 determination. Only those values were accepted for normal range calculation when the children's leukocyte count and CRP were not elevated and the newborns did not receive any antibiotic medication. The median was determined as 19.5 (SD = 14.7). The minimal and maximal IL-6 value was measured as 0.10 and 113 pg/mL, respectively. The upper value of the 95% reference interval was calculated as 44.4 pg/mL with a 90% confidence interval from 30.3 to 66.4 pg/mL. The cutoff determined can now be used to measure IL-6 as a prematurely pro-inflammatory marker in neonates.
Prevention of Diabetes With Pioglitazone in ACT NOW (2013)

We examined the metabolic characteristics that attend the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in 441 impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects who participated in the ACT NOW Study and had complete end-of-study metabolic measurements. Subjects were randomized to receive pioglitazone (PGZ; 45 mg/day) or placebo and were observed for a median of 2.4 years. Indices of insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index [MI]), insulin secretion (IS)/insulin resistance (IR; ΔI0-120/ΔG0-120, ΔIS rate [ISR]0-120/ΔG0-120), and β-cell function (ΔI/ΔG × MI and ΔISR/ΔG × MI) were calculated from plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations during oral glucose tolerance tests at baseline and study end. Diabetes developed in 45 placebo-treated vs. 15 PGZ-treated subjects (odds ratio [OR] 0.28 [95% CI 0.15-0.49]; P < 0.0001); 48% of PGZ-treated subjects reverted to normal glucose tolerance (NGT) versus 28% of placebo-treated subjects (P < 0.005). Higher final glucose tolerance status (NGT > IGT > T2DM) was associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity (OR 0.61 [95% CI 0.54-0.80]), IS (OR 0.61 [95% CI 0.50-0.75]), and β-cell function (ln IS/IR index and ln ISR/IR index) (OR 0.26 [95% CI 0.19-0.37]; all P < 0.0001). Of the factors measured, improved β-cell function was most closely associated with final glucose tolerance status.
The creative mind : myths & mechanisms (1991)

The author of Artificial Intelligence and Natural Man uses insights from computer science to explore the mystery of human creativity. Boden outlines the thought processes and mental structures in which our creativity is grounded, and explains how all different kinds of creativity spring from the same cognitive devices and mental maps. Illustrated.
The placement optimization program: a practical solution to the disk file assignment problem (1989)

In this paper we describe a practical mathematical formulation and solution of the so-called “File Assignment Problem” (FAP) for computer disks. Our FAP solution has been implemented in a PL/I program known as the Placement Optimization Program (POP). The algorithm consists of three major components — two heuristic optimization models and a queueing network model. POP has been used in validation studies to assign files to disks in two IBM MVS complexes. The resulting savings in I/O response times were 22% and 25%, respectively. Throughout the paper we shall emphasize the real-world nature of our approach to the disk FAP, which we believe sets it apart from previous attempts.
Protocols for reliable data transport in space internet (2009)

A variety of protocols have been proposed for reliable data transport in space Internet and similar network environments. It is necessary to conduct a survey on these protocols to investigate and compare among them. In this article, we present a survey on the protocols proposed for reliable data transport in space Internet, with a focus on the latest developments. The survey includes the following contents: (1) classification of these protocols into different approaches; (2) discussions and comments on the design and operation methods of the protocols; and (3) comparisons and comments on the main techniques and performance of the protocols.
Study on the Organoleptic Intensity Scale for Measuring Oral Malodor (2004)

The 0–5 organoleptic scale is used widely in breath research and in trials to measure the efficacy of anti-odor agents. However, the precise relationship between odor scores and gas concentrations of target odorants is unknown. The purpose of this study was to relate mean organoleptic scores from odor judges (n = 7) for pure odorants (n = 8) representative of those found in oral malodor. Judges used a common 0–5 scale to report the odor intensity of sample sets in random order of concentration. Regression analysis of data showed that odor score was proportional to the log concentration of odorant, and comparison of slopes showed H 2 S to be the most significant in terms of odor power. Detection thresholds (mol.dm −3 ) were: Skatole (7.2 × 10 −13 ) < methylmercaptan (1.0 × 10 −11 ) < trimethylamine (1.8 × 10 −11 ) < isovalerate (1.8 × 10 −11 ) < butyrate (2.3 × 10 −10 ) < hydrogen sulphide (6.4 × 10 −10 ) < putrescine (9.1 × 10 −10 ) < dimethyl disulphide (5.9 × 10 −8 ). The study demonstrates the exponential nature of the olfactory response and shows that any single compound’s contribution to malodor depends on odor power and threshold in addition to concentration.
Co(iii)(salen)-catalyzed HKR of two stereocentered alkoxy- and azido epoxides: a concise enantioselective synthesis of (S,S)-reboxetine and (+)-epi-cytoxazone (2010)

The HKR of racemic syn- or anti- alkoxy- and azido epoxides catalyzed by Co(salen) complex affords a practical access to a series of enantioenriched syn- or anti- alkoxy- and azido epoxides and the corresponding 1,2-diols. This strategy has been successfully employed in the concise, enantioselective synthesis of bioactive molecules such as (S,S)-reboxetine and (+)-epi-cytoxazone.
Appearance Modeling with Data Coherency (2011)

One of the most prominent goals of computer graphics is to generate images that look as real as photographs. Realistic computer graphics imagery has however proven to be quite challenging to produce, since the appearance of materials arises from complicated physical processes that are difficult to analytically model and simulate, and image-based modeling of real material samples is often impractical due to the high-dimensional space of appearance data that needs to be acquired. This thesis presents a general framework based on the inherent coherency in the appearance data of materials to make image-based appearance modeling more tractable. We observe that this coherence manifests itself as low-dimensional structure in the appearance data, and by identifying this structure we can take advantage of it to simplify the major processes in the appearance modeling pipeline. This framework consists of two key components, namely the coherence structure and the accompanying reconstruction method to fully recover the low-dimensional appearance data from sparse measurements. Our investigation of appearance coherency has led to three major forms of low-dimensional coherence structure and three types of coherency-based reconstruction upon which our framework is built. This coherence-based approach can be comprehensively applied to all the major elements of image-based appearance modeling, from data acquisition of real material samples to user-assisted modeling from a photograph, from synthesis of volumes to editing of material properties, and from efficient rendering algorithms to physical fabrication of objects. In this thesis we present several techniques built on this coherency framework to handle various appearance modeling tasks both for surface reflections and subsurface scattering, the two primary physical components that generate material appearance. We believe that coherency-based appearance modeling will make it easier and more feasible for practitioners to bring computer graphics imagery to life.