gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CTLA4 (CD152) modulates the Th subset response and alters the course of experimentalLeishmania major infection (1998)

Since both the nature and the amplitude of an antigen-specific T cell response are dependent on co-stimulatory signals, we have investigated the role of CD28/CD152-mediated T cell co-stimulation in the regulation of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. CD28-deficient mice and their wild-type littermates are equally susceptible to Leishmania major infection. Whole anti-CD152 antibody significantly exacerbates the disease while anti-CD152 Fab ameliorates the disease in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice but not in C57BL/6, a resistant strain. The anti-CD152-induced exacerbation of the disease is accompanied by increased IL-4-secreting cell number, diminished parasite-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and augmented anti-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP) IgG1 in response to TNP-leishmanial antigen crude soluble antigen (CSA), suggesting an exaggerated Th2 type of response. Anti-CD152 Fab-mediated amelioration of the disease is associated with increased IFN-gamma-secreting cell number, increased parasite-specific DTH response and enhanced IgG2a isotype in response to TNP-CSA suggesting a Th1 type of response. Unlike TNP-CSA, TNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin does not induce the change in Ig isotype, indicating that the immunomodulatory effect of anti-CD152 is antigen specific. Anti-CD152 antibody-induced early change in Th subsets suggests an important role for CD152 in determining the course of L. major infection, perhaps by alteration of Th subset differentiation.
Field study of bovine coronavirus vaccine enriched with hemagglutinating antigen for winter dysentery in dairy cows. (2002)

A field study of a vaccine; prepared by solubilizing cells infected with bovine coronavirus, Triton X-100, and mixing with an oil adjuvant, was performed at 9 farms over 4 prefectures. The cattle tested were Holstein dairy cows aged 2 to 10 years. A vaccination group consisted of 157 animals (including 132 pregnant cows) and a non-vaccinated control group consisted of 50 animals. The cows received 2 intramuscular injections of vaccine (2 mL) at 3-week intervals. Vaccinated cows did not develop abnormalities, such as a decrease in milk production volume, and all pregnant animals calved normally. The geometric mean of the hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer was 34.2 before vaccination in test cows. The titer had increased to 105.6, 3 weeks after the 1st injection and peaked at 755.6, 1 month after the 2nd injection. A high antibody titer persisted at 396.0; 241.0; and 201.5, at 3, 6, and 9 months after the 2nd injection, respectively. This confirms the safety and high antibody-response induced by this prototype vaccine. Therefore, this vaccine may be useful for the prevention of winter dysentery caused by bovine coronavirus infection.
Classical and non-classical nonlinear effects discerned by airborne ultrasound (2010)

Nonlinear effects in air, which are regarded as fundamentals of classical nonlinear acoustics, were experimentally investigated mainly in a sonic frequency range. The present study extends the results into the ultrasonic frequency range of hundreds kHz. The acousto-optic technique of air-coupled vibrometry (ACV) has been adapted for imaging and non-invasive quantitative probing of nonlinear ultrasound in air. The technique was also applied to detection and visualization of high-frequency airborne ultrasound radiated by strongly nonlinear vibrations of cracked defects in solids (Nonlinear Air-Coupled Emission (NACE)). An efficient radiation of airborne higher harmonics enables to apply conventional air-coupled ultrasonic transducers for detecting NACE and use it as a nonlinear “tag” to locate and image the defects.
Reliable feature matching across widely separated views (2002)

We present a robust method for automatically matching features in images corresponding to the same physical point on an object seen from two arbitrary viewpoints. Unlike conventional stereo matching approaches we assume no prior knowledge about the relative camera positions and orientations. In fact in our application this is the information we wish to determine from the image feature matches. Features are detected in two or more images and characterised using affine texture invariants. The problem of window effects is explicitly addressed by our method-our feature characterisation is invariant to linear transformations of the image data including rotation, stretch and skew. The feature matching process is optimised for a structure-from-motion application where we wish to ignore unreliable matches at the expense of reducing the number of feature matches.
GaN/InGaN Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors With $f_{T} > \hbox{5}\ \hbox{GHz}$ (2011)

We report GaN/InGaN n-p-n double-heterojunction bipolar transistors with the collector current density (J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> ) >; 16 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the current gain (β) >; 24 grown on a sapphire substrate. The cutoff frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) of greater than 5 GHz and the maximum oscillation frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) of 1.3 GHz are also measured for a GaN/InGaN heterojunction bipolar transistor at J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> = 4.7 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Multiplexed massively parallel SELEX for characterization of human transcription factor binding specificities (2010)

The genetic code-the binding specificity of all transfer-RNAs--defines how protein primary structure is determined by DNA sequence. DNA also dictates when and where proteins are expressed, and this information is encoded in a pattern of specific sequence motifs that are recognized by transcription factors. However, the DNA-binding specificity is only known for a small fraction of the approximately 1400 human transcription factors (TFs). We describe here a high-throughput method for analyzing transcription factor binding specificity that is based on systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and massively parallel sequencing. The method is optimized for analysis of large numbers of TFs in parallel through the use of affinity-tagged proteins, barcoded selection oligonucleotides, and multiplexed sequencing. Data are analyzed by a new bioinformatic platform that uses the hundreds of thousands of sequencing reads obtained to control the quality of the experiments and to generate binding motifs for the TFs. The described technology allows higher throughput and identification of much longer binding profiles than current microarray-based methods. In addition, as our method is based on proteins expressed in mammalian cells, it can also be used to characterize DNA-binding preferences of full-length proteins or proteins requiring post-translational modifications. We validate the method by determining binding specificities of 14 different classes of TFs and by confirming the specificities for NFATC1 and RFX3 using ChIP-seq. Our results reveal unexpected dimeric modes of binding for several factors that were thought to preferentially bind DNA as monomers.
Efficient Deep‐Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: Arylamine‐Substituted Oligofluorenes (2007)

Abstract Novel deep‐blue‐light‐emitting diphenylamino and triphenylamino end‐capped oligofluorenes were synthesized by double palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki cross‐coupling of dibromo‐oligofluorene with the corresponding boronic acid as a key step. These oligofluorenes exhibit deep‐blue emission (λ em max = 429–432 nm), low and reversible electrochemical oxidation (highest occupied molecular orbital = 5.15–5.20 eV), high fluorescence quantum yield (Φ FL = 0.61–0.93), and good thermal properties (glass‐transition temperature, T g = 99–195 °C and decomposition temperature, T dec > 450 °C). Remarkably, saturated deep‐blue organic light‐emitting diodes, made from these oligofluorenes as dopant emitters, have been achieved with excellent performance and maximum efficiencies up to 2.9 cd A –1 at 2 mA cm –2 (external quantum efficiency of 4.1 %) and with Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage ( x , y ) coordinates of (0.152,0.08), which is very close to the National Television System Committee standard blue.
Enhanced Least Significant Bit algorithm For Image Steganography (2012)

The rapid development of data transfer through internet has made it easier to send the data accurate and faster to the destination, but in order to transfer the data securely to the destination without any modifications, there are many approaches like steganography. This paper introduces the concept of steganography using a new Algorithm “Enhanced LSB Algorithm”, which has negligent distortion as compared to the Least Significant Bit Algorithm.
Multi-level simulation of large analog systems containing behavioral models (1994)

The trend towards integration of analog and digital components on the same chip is creating a need for simulators capable of handling high-level analog behavioral models. This paper presents a multi-level simulation algorithm that accepts analog behavioral models written in the C programming language. The portions of the circuit described at the behavioral level are treated as if they were individual devices with their own stamps. There are two main advantages to this approach: on one hand, it creates a seamless environment where there is no need to use different algorithms to simulate different parts of the same circuit. On the other hand, the proposed algorithm gets around the problem of having to come up with a reliable and efficient way to differentiate the behavioral equations, because the stamps for the elements described at the behavioral level are generated using Broyden's method, which does not require evaluation of derivatives. Numerical results show that the algorithm offers a viable, efficient approach to multi-level analog simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In vitro inhibitory properties of ferrocene-substituted chalcones and aurones on bacterial and human cell cultures (2012)

Two series of ten chalcones and ten aurones, where ferrocene replaces the C ring and with diverse substituents on the A ring were synthesized. The compounds were tested against two antibiotic-sensitive bacterial strains, E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923, and two antibiotic-resistant strains, S. aureus SA-1199B and S. epidermidis IPF896. The unsubstituted compound and those with methoxy substitution showed an inhibitory effect on all bacterial strains at minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging between 2 and 32 mg L(-1). For four of these compounds, the effect was bactericidal, as opposed to bacteriostatic. The corresponding organic aurones did not show growth inhibition, underscoring the role of the ferrocene group. The methoxy-substituted aurones and the unsubstituted aurone also showed low micromolar (IC(50)) activity against MRC-5 non-tumoral lung cells and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, suggesting non-specific toxicity.
Preparation of sulfide solid electrolytes in the Li<sub>2</sub>S–P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub> system by a liquid phase process (2017)

Structure and ionic conductivity of sulfide solid electrolytes in the Li<sub>2</sub>S–P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub> system obtained by a liquid phase process.
Uncertainty and sensitivity decomposition of building energy models (2011)

Abstract As building energy modelling becomes more sophisticated, the amount of user input and the number of parameters used to define the models continue to grow. There are numerous sources of uncertainty in these parameters, especially when the modelling process is being performed before construction and commissioning. Past efforts to perform sensitivity and uncertainty analysis have focused on tens of parameters, while in this work, we increase the size of analysis by two orders of magnitude (by studying the influence of about 1000 parameters). We extend traditional sensitivity analysis in order to decompose the pathway as uncertainty flows through the dynamics, which identifies which internal or intermediate processes transmit the most uncertainty to the final output. We present these results as a method that is applicable to many different modelling tools, and demonstrate its applicability on an example EnergyPlus model. Keywords: uncertainty analysissensitivity analysisdecomposition methodsEnergyPlus Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Dr. Sophie Loire for generating some of the scripting for the simulations on the computer cluster. This work was partially supported under the contract W912HQ-09-C-0054 (Project Number: SI-1709) administered by SERDP technology program of the Department of Defense. The authors also thank the project leader Dr. Satish Narayanan (UTRC) for technical guidance.
Characterization of methanogenic Archaea in the leachate of a closed municipal solid waste landfill (2003)

Cultivation-independent molecular approaches were used to investigate the phylogenetic composition of Archaea and the relative abundance of phylogenetically defined groups of methanogens in the leachate of a closed municipal solid waste landfill. Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences (16S rDNA) revealed that the landfill leachate harbored a diverse Archaea community, with sequence types distributed within the two archaeal kingdoms of the Euryarchaeota and the Crenarchaeota. Of the 80 clones examined, 51 were phylogenetically associated with well-defined methanogen lineages covering two major methanogenic phenotypes; 20 were related to Thermoplasma and were grouped with some novel archaeal rRNA gene sequences recently recovered from various anaerobic habitats; finally, five belonged to Crenarchaeota and were not closely related to any hitherto cultivated species. Most of the methanogen-like clones were affiliated with the hydrogenotrophic Methanomicrobiales and the methylotrophic and acetoclastic Methanosarcinales. Quantitative oligonucleotide hybridization experiments showed that methanogens in the leachate accounted for only a very small fraction of the total community (approximately 2%) and that Methanomicrobiales and Methanosarcinales constituted the majority of the total methanogenic population.
Aluminium nitride and lead zirconate-titanate thin films for ultrasonic applications : integration, properties and devices (1999)

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 2086 (1999)Faculte des sciences et techniques de l'ingenieurInstitut des materiauxLaboratoire de ceramiqueJury: Hannes Bleuler, Michel Declercq, Dieter Landolt, Paul Muralt, Robert E. Newnham, Victor Plessky Public defense: 1999-12-10 Prix EPFL de doctorats - EPFL doctorate award, 1999 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-2086Print copy in library catalog Award: http://vpaa.epfl.ch/page14975-fr.html Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2017-05-10
Multi‐measurement method comparison of three commercial hepatitis B virus DNA quantification assays (1998)

Serum specimens (327) from patients with chronic hepatitis B were evaluated for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA using three commercial assays--Chiron Quantiplex (CA), Digene Hybrid Capture (DA) and Abbott HBV DNA assay (AA). The HBV DNA values obtained following evaluation were used to compare the linearity, responsiveness and precision of each assay and to determine the conversion between the three different assay values. The comparison was accomplished using a new statistical approach termed the multi-measurement method (MMM). MMM is a minimal bias, non-linear regression technique that allows simultaneous multiassay performance evaluation as well as assay value interconversion. MMM analysis demonstrated that the CA was more sensitive and responsive than either the DA or the AA. Both the CA and DA were more precise than the AA. Validation of the MMM results was performed using two additional data sets of 551 and 100 specimens, respectively. MMM is a novel statistical tool that has a broad application for the generation of statistically normalized laboratory data and for interassay standardization.
Hybrid encryption and decryption technique using microfabricated diffractive optical elements (2004)

A hybrid encryption and decryption technique for optical information security is proposed. In this method, the iterative Fourier transform algorithm is employed to optimize the encrypted hologram and the decryption key as binary phase-only diffractive optical elements, which were fabricated by electron-beam lithography. In a simple optical setup, the optical decryption is implemented by superimposing the encrypted hologram and the decryption key. Numerical simulation and optical experiment confirm the proposed technique as a simple and easy implementation for optical decryption.
Prokaryotic expression and functional study of a novel recombinant human-derived collagen (2007)

The DNA sequences, which originated from gene COL1A1, optimized for E.coli codon usage and contained cell adhesion domains of GER units, was amplified by RT-PCR technology from human tissue. The recombinant expression vector pET28a(+)-COL encoded the recombinant human-derived collagen (RHDC) was constructed and transformed host E.coli strain BL21(DE3)pLysS. The RHDC production was induced by the addition of IPTG and approximately 40% of the total strain proteins. RHDC could form a triple-helical structure suggested by the SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Cell adhesion assay indicated that RHDC had high cell adhesive character, which makes it suitable for use as biomaterials.
Effects of hyaluronate and hyaluronate binding proteins on cell motile and contact behaviour (1985)

The effects of hyaluronate on the morphology, motile and social behaviour of embryonic chick heart fibroblasts were examined in the presence or absence of hyaluronate binding proteins (HABP). HABP were inserted onto fibroblasts after treating cells with 0.2 M-urea. Such treatment increased the binding of [125I]HABP to cell monolayers: at saturation, binding was increased threefold compared to untreated monolayers. Generally, the distribution of added HABP was similar to that of endogenous HABP as detected by immunochemistry. [3H]hyaluronate bound to HABP-treated monolayers in amounts that were proportional to the amount of HABP added. HABP alone reduced cell motility, decreased cell underlapping (measured as a nuclear overlap ratio) and promoted cell spreading. Hyaluronate added by itself had no significant effect on cell behaviour. However, in the presence of HABP, hyaluronate increased cell motility, reduced cell spreading, promoted the appearance of surface blebbing and ruffles, and significantly increased the nuclear overlap ratio. These biological effects were proportional to the amounts of hyaluronate and HABP that bound to heart fibroblasts. Fibronectin, bovine serum albumin or sulphated glycosaminoglycans added together with HABP did not mimic the effects of hyaluronate and had little effect additional to HABP alone. The role of HABP as a putative cell binding molecule for hyaluronate and the relationship of hyaluronate to cell social and motile behaviour are discussed in the light of these findings.
NMOS current-balanced logic (1996)

A new current-steering logic family is proposed, which is suitable for low noise, mixed mode integrated circuits. The circuits have single-ended inputs and fully differential outputs, the supply current is (ideally) constant during logic transitions, and inherent positive feedback provides fast switching.
Photochemistry and photocuring activity of novel 1-Halogeno-4-propoxythioxanthones (1994)

The photochemical and photopolymerisation properties of 1-fluoro-4-propoxythioxanthone (FPTX), 1-chloro-4-propoxythioxanthone (CPTX) and 1-bromo-4-propoxythioxanthone (BPTX) have been determined and compared with the corresponding activity of 2-propoxythioxanthone (ITX). Both CPTX and BPTX exhibit high photoinitiation activity when used alone and in conjunction with a tertiary amine cosynergist and benzophenone. The ITX and FPTX are active only when used with a tertiary amine cosynergist and/or benzophenone. Absorption and luminescence spectra indicate that the lowest excited states possess mixed ππ*/nπ* character with the BPTX exhibiting the highest phosphorescence quantum yield probably due to heavy-atom spin–orbit coupling by the Br atom. Photolysis/photoreduction quantum yields are higher in a reductive solvent such as propan-2-ol than in non-reductive acetonitrile for the three halogenated derivatives. They are enhanced further in the presence of a tertiary amine. These data contrast with that for ITX where photolysis/photoreduction is observed only in reductive propan-2-ol, in the absence and presence of a tertiary amine. Ketyl radical formation, with a wavelength maximum at 390 nm on microsecond flash photolysis, is similar for all the thioxanthones and is virtually insensitive to oxygen except for the BPTX derivative. The three halogenated derivatives give strong triplet–triplet absorptions on nanosecond laser flash photolysis in propan-2-ol and acetonitrile, similar to those for ITX. Quenching of the triplet state by a tertiary amine is found to increase with increasing amine concentration, with ITX being the most sensitive initiator. This quenching is consistent with their behaviour as photopolymerisation initiators. Bimolecular triplet quenching by naphthalene gives rate constants for ITX and FTPX which are similar to that of benzophenone while that for CPTX is an order of magnitude less. From these data we have determined that the molar absorption coefficients of the triplet–triplet absorptions for FPTX and CPTX are half that of ITX with all three being greater than that of benzophenone. The FPTX is also found to exhibit a significantly lower yield of intersystem crossing compared with CPTX and ITX. The latter two initiators exhibit rates of intersystem crossing which are almost comparable with that of benzophenone. Values of molar absorption coefficients and rates of intersystem crossing for BPTX could not be measured since the laser flash studies indicated the formation of a charge-transfer complex with triplet quenchers such as naphthalene. Solution photolysis studies indicated an additional reaction involving subsequent scission of the halogen–thioxanthone bond in the case of BPTX and CPTX but the FPTX gave no such reaction. Various mechanisms are discussed to account for the effective photoinitiation activity of BPTX and CPTX including their potential role as hybrid initiators.