gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Simulations of bronchial displacement owing to solitary pulmonary nodules]. (1999)

On the basis of elasticity dynamics, we constructed mathematical models of bronchial displacements caused by well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and inflammatory pulmonary nodules. We simulated bronchial displacement with a three-dimensional model of the airway tree that we constructed. One-hundred sixty simulations of cancerous and inflammatory displacements were performed, where 20 nodule centers were placed in the right upper lobe in the three-dimensional bronchial model and four different sizes (30 mm, 37.5 mm, 45 mm, and 60 mm) of original lesions were assumed which contracted to nodules of 15 mm in diameter. The three-dimensional simulation images were highly similar to the cancerous or inflammatory nodules in the clinical images. Angles and distances in simulated structures between respective branches and the nodule center were measured. The mean value of angles of branches whose distance from the nodule center was within a range of 6 mm to 12 mm was in good accordance with the value obtained theoretically. Discrimination between cancer and inflammation was successfully carried out by examining the distance dependency of the angles. We concluded that the measurement of angles of linear structures surrounding a pulmonary nodule would be useful for its differential diagnosis.
Comparison of Four Chromogenic Culture Media for Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (2012)

Four chromogenic media for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and two selective broths were challenged with a collection of Enterobacteriaceae with well-defined β-lactamases and 100 stool samples. With low inocula of 130 isolates of CPE, the sensitivities of the four chromogenic media were as follows: Brilliance CRE, 78%; chromID Carba, 91%; chromID ESBL, 96%; and Colorex KPC, 56%. The corresponding sensitivities of Trypticase soy broth plus ertapenem or meropenem were 78% and 47%, respectively.
Progress in long-wavelength strained-layer InGaAs(P) quantum-well semiconductor lasers and amplifiers (1994)

The progress in long-wavelength compressively and tensile-strained InGaAs(P) quantum-well semiconductor lasers and amplifiers is reviewed. By the application of grown-in strain, the device performance is considerably improved such that conventional bulk and unstrained quantum-well active-layer devices are outperformed, while a high reliability is maintained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new quasi-steady method to measure gas permeability of weakly permeable porous media (2012)

A new quasi-steady method for the determination of the apparent gas permeability of porous materials is presented in this paper along with the corresponding interpretative physical model derived from the unsteady flow equations. This method is mainly dedicated to the measurement of very low permeability of thin porous media, although thicker but more permeable samples may also be analyzed. The method relies on quasi-steady flow resulting from a (quasi) constant pressure maintained at the inlet face of the sample. Gas flow-rate, as low as 3 × 10(-10) m(3)/s, is determined from the record of pressure increase in a reservoir connected to the outlet face of the sample. An estimate of the characteristic time, t(c), to reach quasi-steady flow after imposing a constant pressure at the inlet is derived. It is validated by direct numerical simulations of the complete unsteady flow, clearly defining the required experimental duration for the method to apply. Experimental results obtained on rather permeable and thick rock samples are reported showing an excellent agreement of the measured permeability with that determined independently on the same sample whereas the experimental value of t(c) is also in very good agreement with the predicted one. The method is further employed on a composite material sheet allowing the identification of an apparent gas permeability of about 10(-23) m(2).
AutoExtend: Extending Word Embeddings to Embeddings for Synsets and Lexemes (2015)

Sascha Rothe, Hinrich Schütze. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2015.
<scp>DNA</scp> methylation profiles in primary cutaneous melanomas are associated with clinically significant pathologic features (2014)

DNA methylation studies have elucidated a methylation signature distinguishing primary melanomas from benign nevi and provided new insights about genes that may be important in melanoma development. However, it is unclear whether methylation differences among primary melanomas are related to tumor pathologic features with known clinical significance. We utilized the Illumina GoldenGate Cancer Panel array to investigate the methylation profiles of 47 primary cutaneous melanomas. Arraywide methylation patterns revealed a positive association of methylation with Breslow thickness and mutated BRAF, a negative association with mitotic rate, and a weak association with ulceration. Hierarchical clustering on CpG sites exhibiting the most variable methylation (n = 235) divided the melanoma samples into three clusters, including a highly methylated cluster that was positively associated with Breslow thickness and an intermediately methylated cluster associated with Breslow thickness and mitotic rate. Our findings provide support for the existence of methylation-defined subsets in melanomas with increased methylation associated with Breslow thickness.
<i>Gpnmb</i> Is Induced in Macrophages by IFN-γ and Lipopolysaccharide and Acts as a Feedback Regulator of Proinflammatory Responses (2007)

The process of inflammation requires the selective expression of a suite of genes in cells of the macrophage lineage. To identify candidate regulators of inflammation, we used cDNA microarrays to compare the transcriptome of inflammatory macrophages (thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages), bone marrow-derived macrophages, nonadherent spleen cells, and fibroblasts. We identified genes that were macrophage restricted and further elevated in inflammatory macrophages, and characterized the function of one such gene, gpnmb. Gpnmb mRNA expression was enriched in myelomonocytic cell lines and macrophage-related tissues and strongly up-regulated during macrophage differentiation. Epitope-tagged GPNMB expressed in RAW264.7 cells exhibited a perinuclear distribution and colocalized with the Golgi marker coat protein beta. Upon activation of macrophages with IFN-gamma and LPS, GPNMB translocated from the Golgi apparatus to vesicular compartments scattered toward the periphery. Gpnmb overexpression in RAW264.7 cells caused a 2-fold reduction in the production of the cytokines IL-6 and IL-12p40 and the inflammatory mediator NO in response to LPS. DBA mice, which have an inactivating point mutation in the gpnmb gene, exhibited reduced numbers of myeloid cells, elevated numbers of thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages, and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in response to LPS. Thus, GPNMB acts as a negative regulator of macrophage inflammatory responses.
Nicotinamide metabolism regulates glioblastoma stem cell maintenance (2017)

Metabolic dysregulation promotes cancer growth through not only energy production, but also epigenetic reprogramming. Here, we report that a critical node in methyl donor metabolism, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), ranked among the most consistently overexpressed metabolism genes in glioblastoma relative to normal brain. NNMT was preferentially expressed by mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). NNMT depletes S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), a methyl donor generated from methionine. GSCs contained lower levels of methionine, SAM, and nicotinamide, but they contained higher levels of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) than differentiated tumor cells. In concordance with the poor prognosis associated with DNA hypomethylation in glioblastoma, depletion of methionine, a key upstream methyl group donor, shifted tumors toward a mesenchymal phenotype and accelerated tumor growth. Targeting NNMT expression reduced cellular proliferation, self-renewal, and in vivo tumor growth of mesenchymal GSCs. Supporting a mechanistic link between NNMT and DNA methylation, targeting NNMT reduced methyl donor availability, methionine levels, and unmethylated cytosine, with increased levels of DNA methyltransferases, DNMT1 and DNMT3A. Supporting the clinical significance of these findings, NNMT portended poor prognosis for glioblastoma patients. Collectively, our findings support NNMT as a GSC-specific therapeutic target in glioblastoma by disrupting oncogenic DNA hypomethylation.
The comparative efficacy of brodalumab in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis (2018)

Our findings are consistent with pivotal trials which indicate that high levels of complete clearance can be achieved with brodalumab. Based on existing evidence, induction-phase efficacy of brodalumab is similar to ixekizumab and superior to other approved therapies, including anti-TNFs, apremilast, secukinumab, and ustekinumab.
A novel agonistic antibody to human death receptor 4 induces apoptotic cell death in various tumor cells without cytotoxicity in hepatocytes (2009)

The proapoptotic tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors death receptor (DR) 4 and DR5 are attractive targets to develop the receptor-specific agonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) as anticancer agents because of their tumor-selective cell death-inducing activity. Here, we report a novel agonistic mAb, AY4, raised against human DR4 in mice. ELISA analysis revealed that AY4 specifically bound to DR4 without competition with TRAIL for the binding. Despite distinct binding regions of AY4 on DR4 from those of TRAIL, AY4 as a single agent induced caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death of several tumor types through the extrinsic and/or intrinsic pathways without substantial cytotoxicity to normal human hepatocytes. Further, the AY4-sensitive cells followed the same cell death characteristics classified as type I and type II cells by the response to TRAIL, suggesting that the cell death profiles in responses to DR4 and/or DR5 stimulation are determined by the downstream signaling of the receptor rather than the kind of receptor. Noticeably, AY4 efficiently induced cell death of Jurkat cells, which have been reported to be resistant to other anti-DR4 agonistic mAbs, most likely due to the unique epitope property of AY4. In vivo administration of AY4 significantly inhibited tumor growth of human non-small cell lung carcinoma preestablished in athymic nude mice. Conclusively, our results provide further insight into the DR4-mediated cell death signaling and potential use of AY4 mAb as an anticancer therapeutic agent, particularly for DR4-responsive tumor types.
Periodic time-varying convolutional codes with low-density parity-check matrices (2002)

We present a class of convolutional codes defined by a low-density parity-check matrix, and an iterative algorithm for the decoding of these codes. The performance of this decoding is close to the performance of turbo-decoding.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF 5‐MERCAPTO‐1,2,4‐TRIAZOLES (1980)

Abstract In Fortführung von Arbeiten über Struktur‐Wirkungsbeziehungen werden durch Cyclisierung der entsprechenden Acylthiosemicarbazide (I) die 5‐Mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazol‐De1ivate (II) hergestellt.
High-Saturation-Current Charge-Compensated InGaAs–InP Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiode (2004)

Charge compensation is utilized in an InGaAs-InP uni-traveling-carrier photodiode to mitigate the space-charge effect. A 20-μm-diameter photodiode achieved a bandwidth of 25 GHz and large-signal 1-dB compression current greater than 90 mA; the output power at 20 GHz was 20 dBm. A smaller /spl sim/100-μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> photodiode exhibited a bandwidth of 50 GHz and large-signal 1-dB compression current greater than 50 mA. The maximum RF output power at 40 GHz was 17 dBm.
Deep traps in molecular-beam-epitaxial GaAs grown at low temperatures (1994)

Deep-level transient spectroscopy has been performed on Si-doped GaAs layers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at substrate temperatures of 400–450 °C. The λ effect is taken into account and overlapping peaks are analyzed numerically. An 0.65 eV electron trap of concentration 2×1016 cm−3 is believed to be related to the AsGa-associated 0.65 eV Hall-effect center, and also to the trap EB4 found in electron-irradiated GaAs.
A 3000-Gate CMOS Masterslice LSI (1980)

A new CMOS masterslice LSI has been developed. This LSI adopts silicon gate CMOS of 3.6 µm gate length and double layer metal interconnection process. It can take up to 3000 effective gates without any special cooling requirement. The average propagation delay time is 7 ns/gate and the power dissipation of an LSI is 50 mW at 10 MHz operation. By suitable DA support, it becomes possible to develop LSI's in quick turnaround time avoiding design changes or errors.
Development of multiparametric MRI models for prostate cancer detection based on improved correlative pathology (2014)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. June 2014. Major: Biophysical Sciences and Medical Physics. Advisor: Gregory J. Metzger. 1 computer file (PDF); xix, 116 pages.
Opening of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels by the substituted benzimidazolone NS004 (1994)

1. We used electrophysiological techniques to examine the effects of 5-trifluoromethyl-1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidaz ole- 2-one (NS004) on large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels. 2. We used recordings from excised membrane patches (cell-attached and inside-out single-channel configurations) and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to examine the effects of NS004 on single BK channels and whole-cell outward currents, respectively, in rat GH3 clonal pituitary tumor cells. We also tested NS004 on voltage-clamped BK channels isolated from rat brain plasma membrane preparations and reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers. Finally, we used two-electrode voltage-clamp techniques to study the effects of NS004 on currents expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by the recently described Slo BK clone from Drosophila. 3. In GH3 cells and in Xenopus oocytes expressing the Slo gene product NS004 produced an increase in an iberiotoxin- or tetraethylammonium-sensitive whole-cell outward current, respectively. NS004 produced a significant increase in the activity of single GH3 cell BK channels and rat brain BK channels reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers. In both systems this was characterized by an increase in channel mean open time, a decrease in interburst interval, and an apparent increase in channel voltage/calcium sensitivity. 4. These data indicate that NS004 could be useful for investigating the biophysical and molecular properties of BK channels and for determining the functional consequences of the opening of BK channels.
NEW LIGHT ON THE “SARCINA” QUESTION (1939)

This investigation was initiated with the object of determining the true nature of the so-called "pediococci" responsible for "sarcina-sickness" and other defects in beer.
<title>Development of an efficient transducer design tool: complete finite element modeling of transducer performance parameters on a PC</title> (1992)

The finite element method has been applied to the problem of predicting the eigenfrequencies, displacements, and stresses within an ultrasonic transducer. In the case of transducers suitable for ocean survey, fish detection, or air-ranging, these parameters are useful only as general predictors of transducer performance. In the current presentation, the finite element method has been extended to the prediction of parameters more directly useful to the designer. A finite element program has been written in Fortran to compile and run on a 33 MHz/386 PC. Eigenfrequencies, impedance, transmit and receive sensitivity, radiation pattern, displacement, and shear and principle stresses can be predicted for a transducer in its operating medium. Damping in acoustic isolation, backing, and matching layer materials are included in the model to provide an accurate and comprehensive design tool. Experimental results for different designs corroborating the predictions from the finite element models are presented. With several design iterations possible in an hour, new transducers have been designed in a day or so.
<i>Bojesodok-eum</i>, a Herbal Prescription, Ameliorates Acute Inflammation in Association with the Inhibition of NF-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">κ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>B-Mediated Nitric Oxide and ProInflammatory Cytokine Production (2012)

Bojesodok-eum (BSE) is a herbal prescription consisting of Coptidis Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix as main components. This paper investigated the effects of BSE on the induction of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and proinflammatory cytokines that are caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine macrophage cell line and on the paw edema formation in animals. Administration of BSE (0.3 g/kg and 1 g/kg) in rats significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema formation, as did dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory positive control drug. In cell model, treatment of BSE decreased the production of NO and PGE(2) in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. BSE also inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein as well as COX activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistently, BSE suppressed the ability of LPS to produce TNF-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. LPS treatment induced nuclear NF-κB level and I-κBα phosphorylation, which were inhibited subsequent treatment of BSE, suggesting its repression of LPS-inducible NF-κB activation. BSE abrogated the induction of NO, PGE(2), and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as iNOS and COX-2 protein expression in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS as mediated with NF-κB inhibition.
The Effect of Comonomer Type and Content on the Properties of Ziegler-Natta Bimodal High-Density Polyethylene (2011)

지글러-나타 촉매를 사용하여 에틸렌을 중합함으로써 다양한 공단량체의 종류와 조성을 갖는 이중 분자량 분포의 고밀도 폴리에틸렌이 합성되었다. 이들의 구조와 물성을 GPC, NMR, DSC, 인장 측정기를 이용하여 연구하였다. 에틸렌/1-헥센 공중합체가 에틸렌/1-부텐 공중합체보다 비슷한 조성을 가질 경우 높은 인장강도와 파단연신율을 가짐을 확인 하였다. 분자량은 고분자의 공단량체 비율이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 짧은 곁사슬은 결정화도에 영향을 주어 결과적으로 이중 분자량 분포를 갖는 고밀도 폴리에틸렌의 모폴로지와 기계적 물성에 영향을 미쳤다. SSA로 처리 후 다수의 발열 곡선이 관찰되었으며 이는 주로 에틸렌 배열길이와 라멜라 두께의 불균일성에 기인한다. 분포지수의 차이로부터 공단량체의 조성이 높은 폴리에틸렌의 SCB 분포가 균일도를 향상시킴을 알 수 있었다. Bimodal high-density polyethylenes with different comonomer type and content were synthesized by polymerization of ethylene using Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Their structure and properties were studied using GPC, NMR, DSC and tensile test. It was found that ethylene/1-hexene copolymer exhibits higher tensile strength and elongation at break than that of ethylene/1-butylene copolymer with similar comonomer content. The molecular weight decreases as the comonomer content of the polymer increases. Short chain branching affects the crystallinity and thus the morphology and consequently the mechanical properties of the corresponding bimodal high-density polyethylenes. After SSA treated, the multiple endothermic peaks were observed. Multiple endothermic peaks are mainly attributed to the heterogeneity of ethylene sequence length and lamellar thickness. The difference of broadness index indicates that SCB distribution of polyethylene containing higher comonomer content has improved uniformity.
Method for automated extraction and purification of nucleic acids and its implementation in microfluidic system (2011)

A method and a microfluidic device for automated extraction and purification of nucleic acids from biological samples have been developed. The method involves disruption of bacterial cells and/or viral particles by combining enzymatic and chemical lysis procedures followed by solid-phase sorbent extraction and purification of nucleic acids. The procedure is carried out in an automated mode in a microfluidic module isolated from the outside environment, which minimizes contact of the researcher with potentially infectious samples and, consequently, decreases the risk of laboratory-acquired infections. The module includes reservoirs with lyophilized components for lysis and washing buffers; a microcolumn with a solid-phase sorbent; reservoirs containing water, ethanol, and water-ethanol buffer solutions for dissolving freeze-dried buffer components, rinsing the microcolumn, and eluting of nucleic acids; and microchannels and valves needed for directing fluids inside the module. The microfluidic module is placed into the control unit that delivers pressure, heats, mixes reagents, and flows solutions within the microfluidic module. The microfluidic system performs extraction and purification of nucleic acids with high efficiency in 40 min, and nucleic acids extracted can be directly used in PCR reaction and microarray assays.
80 Gbit/s all-optical regenerative wavelength conversionusing semiconductor optical amplifier based interferometer (1999)

80 Gbit/s all-optical regenerative wavelength conversion is demonstrated using a data driven interferometric switch incorporating a semiconductor optical amplifier. Error free operation is achieved for 231 – 1 pattern lengths with switching powers of only 200 fJ. Furthermore, the interferometer is insensitive to the polarisation state of the driving data signal.
Composition based on pentatonic scales: a computer-aided approach (1991)

The use of pentatonic scales to explore some basic techniques of computer-aided composition is reported. The numeric notation employed to represent pitch and duration is described, examples of pentatonic music and scales are given, and the basic techniques for making music under the guidance of a composer are discussed. The score of a short composition generated with these techniques is shown and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vascular graft failure of leg arterial bypasses - a review (2014)

A major problem facing the vascular surgeon is graft failure. Patients are often more symptomatic after graft failure than they were before the bypass procedure [1]. Vein graft failure can be divided into three phases, depending on the timing of failure: early (<30 days), intermediate (30 days-2 years) and late (>2 years) [1, 2]. Acute graft failures (within 48 hrs.) are usually secondary to technical errors such as poor anastomosis, poor inflow or outflow or a retained unlysed valve cusps [1, 2]. Graft failure occurring between 2 days and 12 weeks after surgery is usually secondary to increased graft thromboreactivity [1, 3, 4]. All grafts or reconstructions involve thromboreactivity but it varies in intensity and duration and is governed by both host factors (coagulability and blood flow), and by graft factors (surface thrombogenicity and compliance) [3]. The thrombotic threshold velocity is required to maintain graft patency and thrombosis and closure of the graft occur for velocities below a given level for any graft material [3]. The cause of intermediate vein graft failure is intimal hyperplasia [1, 5]. Anastomotic intimal hyperplasia is commonly greater at the downstream or at the outflow anastomosis [6]. Late vein graft failure is generally caused by dyslipidemia and the progression of atherosclerosis, compromising either inflow or outflow Vascular Graft Failure of Leg Arterial bypasses -a Review