gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Empirical study of partial decoding for fast browsing of MPEG-2 compressed videos</title> (2002)

Following a series of successful launch of MPEG standards on video compression, their applications reveal ever increasing needs for their content access without full decompression or in their compressed format. To this end, we further investigated a number of partial decoding schemes to address the issue of efficient content access to compressed video streams. By controlling the number of DCT coefficients involved in the inverse DCT, a number of partial decoding schemes can be designed featuring fast processing speed and low computing cost. By controlling the size of video frames, visually perceptual quality can be adjusted to suit various application including thumbnail image browsing, low resolution image processing, head tracking, skin detection, face recognition, and object segmentation etc. where full resolution frames are often not necessarily required. While achieving improved computing cost and processing speed, our work also features in: (i) reasonably good image quality for content browsing; (ii) compatibility with original MPEG-2 bit streams; and (iii) enormous potential for further application of MPEG-2 in video content management, content-based video frame retrieval, compressed video editing, and low bit-rate video communication such as those involving mobile phones and telephone networks etc. In addition, extensive experiments were carried out and reported to support our design.
The Early Human Germ Cell Lineage Does Not Express SOX2 During In Vivo Development or upon In Vitro Culture1 (2008)

NANOG, POU5F1, and SOX2 are required by the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and act cooperatively to maintain pluripotency in both mouse and human embryonic stem cells. Inadequacy of any one of them causes loss of the undifferentiated state. Mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs), from which pluripotent embryonic germ cells (EGCs) are derived, also express POU5F1, NANOG, and SOX2. Thus, a similar expression profile has been predicted for human PGCs. Here we show by RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry that human PGCs express POU5F1 and NANOG but not SOX2, with no evidence of redundancy within the group B family of human SOX genes. Although lacking SOX2, proliferative human germ cells can still be identified in situ during early development and are capable of culture in vitro. Surprisingly, with the exception of FGF4, many stem cell-restricted SOX2 target genes remained detected within the human SOX2-negative germ cell lineage. These studies demonstrate an unexpected difference in gene expression between human and mouse. The human PGC is the first primary cell type described to express POU5F1 and NANOG but not SOX2. The data also provide a new reference point for studies attempting to turn human stem cells into gametes by normal developmental pathways for the treatment of infertility.
Improving the Performance of Unimodal Dynamic Hand-Gesture Recognition With Multimodal Training (2019)

We present an efficient approach for leveraging the knowledge from multiple modalities in training unimodal 3D convolutional neural networks (3D-CNNs) for the task of dynamic hand gesture recognition. Instead of explicitly combining multimodal information, which is commonplace in many state-of-the-art methods, we propose a different framework in which we embed the knowledge of multiple modalities in individual networks so that each unimodal network can achieve an improved performance. In particular, we dedicate separate networks per available modality and enforce them to collaborate and learn to develop networks with common semantics and better representations. We introduce a "spatiotemporal semantic alignment" loss (SSA) to align the content of the features from different networks. In addition, we regularize this loss with our proposed "focal regularization parameter" to avoid negative knowledge transfer. Experimental results show that our framework improves the test time recognition accuracy of unimodal networks, and provides the state-of-the-art performance on various dynamic hand gesture recognition datasets.
Polaritons: the electromagnetic modes of media (1974)

A detailed discussion of the properties of bulk polaritons in an isotropic dielectric, with a single infrared active optical phonon is given. The phonon and photon strength functions, which provide a useful means of characterizing the polariton are introduced, and polaritons examined in magnetic crystals, anisotropic dielectrics, materials in which spatial dispersion effects and absorption are important. Experimental methods of studying polaritons are reviewed, with emphasis on Raman scattering, non-linear interactions between polaritons and recent experimental studies of non-linear optical phenomena where polaritons in the intermediate state play an important role. The properties of surface polaritons at the interfaces of the isotropic dielectric, anisotropic dielectrics and magnetic media, and experimental methods for the study of surface polaritons are also discussed. The paper concludes with the comparison between the properties of coupled magnon-phonon modes in magnetic crystals and polaritons.
Phase calibration of polarimetric radar images (1989)

The problem of phase calibration between polarization channels of an imaging radar is studied. The causes of various types of phase errors due to the radar system architecture and system imperfections are examined. A simple model is introduced to explain the spatial variation in phase error as being due to a displacement between the phase centers of the vertical and horizontal antennas. It is also shown that channel leakage can cause a spatial variation in phase error. Phase calibration using both point and distributed ground targets is discussed and a method for calibrating phase using only distributed target is verified, subject to certain constraints. Experimental measurements using the NADC/ERIM P-3 synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) system and NASA/JPL DC-8 SAR, which operates at C-, L-, and P-bands, are presented. Both of these systems are multifrequency, polarimetric, airborne, SAR systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chelating agents as potential antitumorals: alpha-(N)-heterocyclic hydrazones and bis-alpha-(N)-heterocyclic hydrazones. (1997)

A number of pyruvic acid and methylpyruvate alpha-(N)-heterocyclic hydrazones has been synthesized. Bis-heterocyclic hydrazones were obtained from reaction with pyruvic carboxaldehyde. Some complexes of Ni(II) were prepared and characterized as neutral complexes. All these compounds have been evaluated for cytotoxicity against P388 and HL-60 leukemia.
Intratumoral injection of <i>Clostridium novyi</i> -NT spores induces antitumor responses (2014)

Species of Clostridium bacteria are notable for their ability to lyse tumor cells growing in hypoxic environments. We show that an attenuated strain of Clostridium novyi (C. novyi-NT) induces a microscopically precise, tumor-localized response in a rat orthotopic brain tumor model after intratumoral injection. It is well known, however, that experimental models often do not reliably predict the responses of human patients to therapeutic agents. We therefore used naturally occurring canine tumors as a translational bridge to human trials. Canine tumors are more like those of humans because they occur in animals with heterogeneous genetic backgrounds, are of host origin, and are due to spontaneous rather than engineered mutations. We found that intratumoral injection of C. novyi-NT spores was well tolerated in companion dogs bearing spontaneous solid tumors, with the most common toxicities being the expected symptoms associated with bacterial infections. Objective responses were observed in 6 of 16 dogs (37.5%), with three complete and three partial responses. On the basis of these encouraging results, we treated a human patient who had an advanced leiomyosarcoma with an intratumoral injection of C. novyi-NT spores. This treatment reduced the tumor within and surrounding the bone. Together, these results show that C. novyi-NT can precisely eradicate neoplastic tissues and suggest that further clinical trials of this agent in selected patients are warranted.
Glass Interposer Substrates: Fabrication, Characterization and Modeling (2013)

There is growing interest in applying glass as a substrate for 2.5D/3D applications. Glass has many material properties that make it well suited for interposer substrates. Glass based solutions provide significant opportunities for cost reduction by leveraging economies of scale as well as forming substrates at design thickness. A lot of work is being done to validate the value of glass as an interposer substrate. One important area is the electrical performance of glass relative to silicon. Because glass is an insulator, an interposer made with glass should have better electrical performance than one made with silicon. Electrical characterization and electrical models confirm this advantage, and its positive impact on functional performance. Further advantages are anticipated in reliability, driven by the ability to tailor thermal properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of glass. Modeling results will be presented that show how the proper choice of CTE can significantly lower stack warpage. Additionally, significant progress has been made in the demonstration of glass interposer fabrication. Fully patterned wafers and panels with through holes and blind holes are being fabricated today. It is equally important to be able to demonstrate the ability to leverage existing downstream processes for metallization of these substrates. The ability to apply existing downstream processes to make functional glass interposers using both through and blind via technology will be presented.
The 'stretched'-Golay and other codes for high-SNR finite-delay quantization of the Gaussian source at 1/2 bit per sample (1990)

Error-correcting codes are considered as codebooks for high-performance vector quantization (VQ) of the IID Gaussian source at fractional bit rate. A family of good rate-one-half codes is introduced: the stretched Golay codes. The performance of these codes is compared to other good block codes, trellis-coded quantization, and other techniques. The stretched Golay codes are shown to outperform previously published results for block lengths 32, 40, 56, and 64. The good performance, together with fast decoding make these techniques attractive for applications such as low-bit-rate coding of speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rates of nonenzymic deamidation of glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues in pentapeptides (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRates of nonenzymic deamidation of glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues in pentapeptidesArthur B. Robinson, James W. Scotchler, and James H. McKerrowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 24, 8156–8159Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00805a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00805a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views381Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transition Metals in Organic Synthesis: A Practical Approach (1997)

Transition metal-promoted oxidations palladium catalysed carbon-carbon bond formation organoiron chemistry 1: ferrocene and dienyl iron tricarbonyl cation chemistry organoiron chemistry 2: iron acyl and -allyltricarbonyliron lactone chemistry titanocene and zirconocene complexes arene chromium tricarbonyl chemistry general techniques for handling air-sensitive compounds. Appendix: suppliers of chemicals, glassware and specialist items.
Mortality-associated factors in old patients with severe sepsis or septic shock in the medical intensive care unit (2007)

To characterize an experimental model of pulmonary embolism by studying hemodynamics, lung mechanics and histopathologic derangements caused by pulmonary microembolism in pigs. To identify lung alterations after embolism that may be similar to those evidenced in pulmonary inflammatory conditions. Materials and methods Ten Large White pigs (weight 35-42 kg) were instrumented with arterial and pulmonary catheters, and pulmonary embolism was induced in five pigs by injection of polystyrene microspheres (diameter ~300 M), in order to obtain a pulmonary mean arterial pressure of twice the baseline value. Five other animals injected with saline served as controls. Hemodynamic and respiratory data were collected and pressure x volume curves of the respiratory system were performed by a quasi-static low flow method. Animals were followed for 12 hours, and after death lung fragments were dissected and sent to pathology. Results Pulmonary embolism induced a significant reduction in stroke volume (71 18 ml/min/bpm pre vs 36 9 ml/min/bpm post, P < 0.05), an increase in pulmonary mean arterial pressure (27 4 mmHg pre vs 39 6 mmHg post, P < 0.05) and pulmonary vascular resistance (193 122 mmHg/l/min pre vs 451 149 mmHg/l/min post, P < 0.05). Respiratory dysfunction was evidenced by significant reductions in the PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio (480 50 pre vs 159 55 post, P < 0.05), the dynamic lung compliance (27 6 ml/cmH 2 O pre vs 19 5 ml/cmH 2 O post, P < 0.05), the increase in dead space ventilation (20 4 pre vs 47 20 post, P < 0.05) and, the shift of pressure x volume curves to the right, with reduction in pulmonary hysteresis. Pathology depicted inflammatory neutrophil infiltrates, alveolar edema, collapse and hemorrhagic infarctions. Conclusion This model of embolism is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction, as well as respiratory injury characterized by a decrease in oxygenation, lung compliance and hysteresis. Pathology findings were similar to those verified in inflammatory pulmonary injury conditions. This model may be useful to study pathophysiology, as well as pharmacologic and ventilatory interventions useful to treat pulmonary embolism.
Schottky barrier and contact resistance at a niobium/silicon interface (1989)

Electrical transport properties of niobium-silicon contacts are reported over a wide doping range. It is found that a short low-energy argon plasma sputtering of the silicon surface prior to metal deposition lowers the Schottky barrier height by 0.12 eV, without degrading diode ideality. This result is interpreted as a partial explanation for the dependence of the superconducting proximity effect in semiconductors on sputter cleaning.
High-fidelity finite-impulse-response filters with optimal stopbands (1991)

The paper describes a method of designing a high-fidelity lowpass finite-impulseresponse (FIR) filter having a maximally flat passband and an optimally contoured stopband in the Chebyshev sense. Certain other filters can be derived from it, including a lowpass filter with an equirippled passband and a maximally flat stopband.
Laser induced fluorescence of calcium fluoride upon 193 nm and 157 nm excitation (2003)

The combination of <i>in situ </i>transmission and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements of CaF<sub>2</sub> at 193 nm and 157 nm laser irradiation reveals a correlation between selected fluorescence bands and the laser transmission. At 193 nm irradiation, the fluence dependent transmission |dT/dH| of calcium fluoride shows a significant dependence on the temporal pulse shape of the laser source. Furthermore, a quantitative correlation between transmission properties and fluorescence intensity of calcium fluoride is reported for the first time in case of a LIF band at around 740 nm. Newly defined LIF detection conditions yield a remarkable increase of the sensitivity for bands with short lifetimes. Furthermore, different excitation mechanisms for the investigated fluorescence bands are found from both, fluence and pulse number dependent LIF measurements. At 157 nm irradiation, a fluence dependence of the transmission (|dT/dH|,T<sub>0</sub>) is obtained which is comparable to that of 193 nm excitation. LIF investigations at 157 nm excitation reveal an increase in complexity of the spectra compared to those of 193 nm excitation. It is found that the LIF spectra at 157 nm excitation mostly consist of the same bands as for 193 nm irradiation. Some samples, however, show a LIF band vanishing relative to its intensity at 193 nm excitation or the appearance of new bands characteristic only for 157 nm excitation. From comparing two calcium fluoride samples at 193 nm and 157 nm irradiation it is assumed that the presence of a characteristic 157 nm excited LIF band at around 225 nm is responsible for a drop in transmission at 157 nm.
Time-varying lapped transforms and wavelet packets (1993)

The perfect reconstruction conditions for a time-varying lapped transform (paraunitary filter bank) are developed through the factorization of the transform matrix into sparse factors. A general formulation is presented allowing one to switch between two paraunitary filter banks. However, the extended lapped transform (ELT) is often used as an example. Furthermore, an adaptive wavelet packet is developed employing a time varying, tree association of ELTs. In all cases perfect reconstruction is inherently assured.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Small Gas Turbines in the 21st Century (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The subjects covered in this discussion are aimed at stimulating efforts toward improving efficiency of small gas turbine engines. Capabilities are reviewed, but the primary emphasis is on variations and modifications to engine cycles that can produce significant improvements in power density and fuel consumption by enlarging current thrusts in component technology disciplines.</div>
Aspergillus flavus: human pathogen, allergen and mycotoxin producer (2007)

Aspergillus infections have grown in importance in the last years. However, most of the studies have focused on Aspergillus fumigatus, the most prevalent species in the genus. In certain locales and hospitals, Aspergillus flavus is more common in air than A. fumigatus, for unclear reasons. After A. fumigatus, A. flavus is the second leading cause of invasive aspergillosis and it is the most common cause of superficial infection. Experimental invasive infections in mice show A. flavus to be 100-fold more virulent than A. fumigatus in terms of inoculum required. Particularly common clinical syndromes associated with A. flavus include chronic granulomatous sinusitis, keratitis, cutaneous aspergillosis, wound infections and osteomyelitis following trauma and inoculation. Outbreaks associated with A. flavus appear to be associated with single or closely related strains, in contrast to those associated with A. fumigatus. In addition, A. flavus produces aflatoxins, the most toxic and potent hepatocarcinogenic natural compounds ever characterized. Accurate species identification within Aspergillus flavus complex remains difficult due to overlapping morphological and biochemical characteristics, and much taxonomic and population genetics work is necessary to better understand the species and related species. The flavus complex currently includes 23 species or varieties, including two sexual species, Petromyces alliaceus and P. albertensis. The genome of the highly related Aspergillus oryzae is completed and available; that of A. flavus in the final stages of annotation. Our understanding of A. flavus lags far behind that of A. fumigatus. Studies of the genomics, taxonomy, population genetics, pathogenicity, allergenicity and antifungal susceptibility of A. flavus are all required.
Design and Evaluation of a Multilevel Decoder for Satellite Communications (2009)

In this paper, we propose a multilevel coding (MLC) scheme suitable for satellite communications, where different QoS levels are required. We introduce a novel characterization of schemes based on mutual information, called multi-stage decoder (MSD) charts, to aid in the design and evaluation of multilevel coding systems. This characterization method finds the optimal set of code rates for the MLC scheme for a set of required SNR operation points. On the other hand, fixing the code rates to find out the operation points of SNR is also possible. Performance of common mapping strategies used in MLC schemes, as block labeling and Ungerbock labeling, are evaluated using MSD charts. An established transmission scheme for satellite broadcasting, European Satellite Digital Radio (ESDR) standard, is compared with the proposed MLC scheme, showing that the MLC scheme is able to work in lower SNR regions and provides more flexibility in designing the levels.
Serum Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) and IGF Binding Protein in Constitutionally Tall Children and Adolescents* (1984)

Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and IGF binding protein (BP) levels were studied in 89 constitutionally tall children and adolescents (height greater than mean for age + 3 SD in 90% of the subjects). After separation by acidic gel filtration, the samples were assayed for IGF using a protein-binding assay (which measures mainly IGF I-related peptides) and for IGF BP by titration, in both cases using IGF I as tracer. The reference standard was a pool of normal adult serum with an assigned potency of 1 U IGF and 1 U IGF BP/ml. IGF levels increased with age in a manner similar to that in normal subjects, but at higher concentrations (P less than 0.02). The values were 0.77 +/- 0.05 (SE) U/ml in 1- to 5-yr-old children, 0.96 +/- 0.08 U/ml in 5- to 11-yr-old prepubescent children and 1.51 +/- 0.07 U/ml during puberty. BP levels developed in a different way from the above in that the increase with age was slight (0.70 +/- 0.07, 0.67 +/- 0.09, and 0.97 +/- 0.07 U/ml, respectively, for the three periods considered) and the levels were lower than those of normal subjects (P less than 0.005). After fusion of the epiphyses both IGF and BP levels were within the range of normal values. Thirteen girls underwent prolonged treatment (mean, 26 months) with ethinyl estradiol (250-300 micrograms/day). Deceleration in growth was accompanied by a progressive decrease in IGF levels throughout the period of therapy and a rise in BP levels during the first 6 months, after which they stabilized within the range of normal values. Although it is possible that excessive secretion of GH (which was not demonstrated by the usual tests) may be the cause of the elevated IGF levels during growth in these constitutionally tall subjects, it seems likely that the high IGF levels combined with the abnormally low levels of BP were responsible for their excessive growth.