gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteoblast Precursor Cells are Found in CD34 <sup>+</sup> Cells from Human Bone Marrow (1997)

It is known that osteoblast precursor cells are found in the low-density mononuclear (LDMN) fraction of human bone marrow (BM) aspirates. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CD34, a hematopoietic progenitor cell marker, is present on osteoblast progenitor cells. LDMN, CD34+, and CD34- cells were cultured under conditions that promote growth and differentiation of mineral-secreting osteoblasts in a limiting dilution manner. With LDMN cells, osteoblast progenitor cells were found at an average frequency of 1/36,000 cells. With CD34- cells, osteoblast progenitor frequency remained at an average of 1/33,000, similar to LDMN cells. With CD34+ selected cells, osteoblast progenitor frequency increased to an average of 1/5,000. This osteoblast progenitor frequency is maintained in sorted CD34+/CD38+ cells. The osteoblasts generated from CD34+ cells were morphologically normal, and expression of skeletal-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteonectin increased upon differentiation induced by dexamethasone (DEX) treatment. Ultrastructurally, these CD34+ cell-derived osteoblasts displayed osteoblast-specific features. Functionally, these CD34+ cell-derived osteoblasts differentiated with DEX treatment, increased the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in response to parathyroid hormone stimulation, increased the level of alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased mineral secretion. These results demonstrate that osteoblast progenitor cells are enriched in the CD34+ cell population from BM and that these progenitor cells can differentiate into functional osteoblasts in culture.
Deletion of the Mitochondrial Chaperone TRAP-1 Uncovers Global Reprogramming of Metabolic Networks (2014)

Reprogramming of metabolic pathways contributes to human disease, especially cancer, but the regulators of this process are unknown. Here, we have generated a mouse knockout for the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP-1, a regulator of bioenergetics in tumors. TRAP-1(-/-) mice are viable and showed reduced incidence of age-associated pathologies, including obesity, inflammatory tissue degeneration, dysplasia, and spontaneous tumor formation. This was accompanied by global upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis transcriptomes, causing deregulated mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress, impaired cell proliferation, and a switch to glycolytic metabolism in vivo. These data identify TRAP-1 as a central regulator of mitochondrial bioenergetics, and this pathway could contribute to metabolic rewiring in tumors.
Bin‐packing problem with concave costs of bin utilization (2006)

Abstract We consider a generalized one‐dimensional bin‐packing model where the cost of a bin is a nondecreasing concave function of the utilization of the bin. Four popular heuristics from the literature of the classical bin‐packing problem are studied: First Fit (FF), Best Fit (BF), First Fit Decreasing (FFD), and Best Fit Decreasing (BFD). We analyze their worst‐case performances when they are applied to our model. The absolute worst‐case performance ratio of FF and BF is shown to be exactly 2, and that of FFD and BFD is shown to be exactly 1.5. Computational experiments are also conducted to test the performance of these heuristics. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
An evaluation of implicit surface tilers (1993)

The authors review the principal algorithms for the polygonization of implicit surfaces and provide a framework for identifying their conceptual similarities and practical differences. The algorithms' merits are evaluated according to topological disambiguation, implementation complexity, and triangle count. Special attention is devoted to the ambiguity problem, and proposed solutions are analyzed in the context of consistency and correctness. It is argued that consistency suffices for many purposes and is achievable with single-entry tetrahedral or cubical tables.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dimensions of Online Behavior: Toward a User Typology (2007)

Online behavior refers to organized (e.g., search) and unorganized (e.g., browse) interactions with both human (e.g., chat) and nonhuman (e.g., database) elements in online environments. The salient features of online behavior are conceptualized as sociability (human connection motives), utility (efficiency orientation), and reciprocity (cognitive stimulation and active involvement). Recently published factor analytic studies support the validity of these three dimensions of online behavior. The proposed Brief Test of Online Behavior (BTOB) contains five rating scale items that determine user position on each dimension of online behavior (i.e., 15 items in total). A typology of online behavior emerges as BTOB scores position users in the three-dimensional space created by the intersection of sociability, utility, and reciprocity. Subsequent research may validate the proposed dimensions of online behavior, establish practical applications of the BTOB, and connect type of user with cognitive, social, and emotional outcomes. For example, users who score high on sociability and reciprocity but low on utility may learn best in interactive and stimulating online environments, which necessarily include self-regulating software.
Quantitative parametric MRI of articular cartilage: a review of progress and open challenges (2013)

With increasing life expectancies and the desire to maintain active lifestyles well into old age, the impact of the debilitating disease osteoarthritis (OA) and its burden on healthcare services is mounting. Emerging regenerative therapies could deliver significant advances in the effective treatment of OA but rely upon the ability to identify the initial signs of tissue damage and will also benefit from quantitative assessment of tissue repair in vivo. Continued development in the field of quantitative MRI in recent years has seen the emergence of techniques able to probe the earliest biochemical changes linked with the onset of OA. Quantitative MRI measurements including T(1), T(2) and T(1ρ) relaxometry, diffusion weighted imaging and magnetisation transfer have been studied and linked to the macromolecular structure of cartilage. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage, sodium MRI and glycosaminoglycan chemical exchange saturation transfer techniques are sensitive to depletion of cartilage glycosaminoglycans and may allow detection of the earliest stages of OA. We review these current and emerging techniques for the diagnosis of early OA, evaluate the progress that has been made towards their implementation in the clinic and identify future challenges in the field.
Ammonium and nitrate removal in vegetated and unvegetated gravel bed microcosm wetlands (1995)

A greenhouse experiment was conducted at Tennessee Valley Authority, Alabama, USA, in the summer of 1993 to investigate ammonium and nitrate removal processes in constructed wetlands. Microcosm wetlands cells were used in the study and consisted of plastic containers with 0.4 × 0.35 m2 surface area and 0.5 m depth. Two separate experiments were conducted. One experiment analyzed NH4-N removal and the other analyzed NO3-N removal. Nutrient solutions containing approximately 48 mg/l NH4-N or NO3-N were added in a batch mode to the wetland microcosms and the solution chemistry was analyzed with time. Treatments consisted of unplanted cells or cells planted with canarygrass ( Phalaris arundinacea ), reed ( Phragmites communis ), bulrush ( Scirpus atrovirens georgianus ) or typha ( Typha latifolia ). Another treatment consisted of added nutrient solutions containing or not containing C at 112 mg/l. In the NH4-N removal experiment, the rate of NH4-N removal occurred in the order: reed > canarygrass = bulrush > typha ≫ unplanted in wetland cells with and without C. The order of NH4-N removal was believed to be associated with the density of root biomass in the gravel. The greater the root biomass, the greater the chance for plant N uptake or nitrification mediated by O2 transport to the rhizosphere. In the NO3-N experiment, the rate of NO3-N removal occurred in the order: reed = canarygrass > typha = bulrush > unplanted cells. Labelled K15NO3 was used to trace the NO3-N removal process. By measuring the 15N in the plant biomass, the quantity of NO3-N removed via plant uptake was delineated from combined removal processes of denitrification and immobilization. In the treatments with C, 55 to 70% of the NO3-N was removed via denitrification and immobilzation. For bulrush, reed and typha, the quantity of NO3-N removed via denitrification and immobilization without added C was reduced to 14 to 30%. However, NO3-N removal via denitrification and immobilization remained high at 72% of added NO3-N in canarygrass cells due to high concentrations of organic C released from the canarygrass roots (15-20 mg/l C) that apparently did not limit denitrification or immobilization.
Purine Analogs as Potential Anticytomegalovirus Agents (1969)

The activity of 25 purine analogs was determined against human cytomegalovirus in vitro. Nineteen compounds were considered to have a degree of antiviral activity with seven of them markedly inhibiting both virus-induced cytopathogenic effects in WI-38 cells and the development of detectable virus. These seven compounds were 2-amino-9-β-d-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine-6-thiol, 2-aminopurine-6-thiol, 9-β-d-arabinofuranosyladenine, purine-6-thiol hydrate, purine-6-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, 2-amino-6-[(1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl) thio] purine, and 9-β-d-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine-6-thiol. The active thiopurines protected the cells from virus infection if allowed to incubate with the cells 1 hr prior to addition of the virus. None of the compounds had demonstrable virucidal activity.
Optics of aberroscopy and super vision (2001)

This paper (1) reviews the fundamental limits to visual performance imposed by optical imaging and photoreceptor sampling to determine the limits to the potential gains offered by ideal corrections; (2) examines the predicted losses in vision induced by chromatic aberration, phase shifts, typical ocular aberrations, and the gains possible by correcting the monochromatic aberrations of the eye; (3) discusses the principles of aberration measurement in the eye; and (4) presents methods for measuring and classifying monochromatic aberrations of the eye.
The First Virally Encoded Cytochrome P450 (2009)

The genome sequence of the giant virus Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus revealed the presence of two putative cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes. The product of one of the two predicted CYP genes (YP_143162) showed low-level homology to sterol 14-demethylase (CYP51) and contained a C-terminal polypeptide domain of unknown function. YP_143162 expression (without an N-terminal membrane binding domain) in Escherichia coli yields a CYP protein which gives a reduced CO difference maximum at 448 nm and was formally demonstrated as the first viral cytochrome P450. Analysis of binding of lipid and sterol substrates indicated no perturbation in CYP heme environment, and an absence of activity was seen when 14-methyl sterols were used as a substrate. The function of the CYP protein and its C-terminal domain remain unknown.
Fabrication and characteristic of long photonic crystal fiber taper (2012)

In this paper, we drew a 500 m-long PCF taper directly on the industry drawing tower. The fiber taper has a uniform cross-section structure with OD from 170 μm to 70 μm, and demonstrates very good beam quality. The optical attenuation of PCF taper was measured. The optical attenuation is ~5 dB/km near 1200 nm, but the water absorption peak around 1400 nm and the attenuation beyond 1600 nm are still large. The zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) was calculated to be ~1090 nm at the taper input end, and shifted to ~870 nm at the taper output end. The PCF taper was pumped with a picosecond laser source at wavelength of 1064 nm, and generated 200 mW output power of SC covering from ~450 nm to 1600 nm.
A Novel Absolute Value Logic SPWM Control Strategy Based on De-Re-Coupling Idea for High Frequency Link Matrix Rectifier (2012)

Matrix Rectifier has evolved from the traditional three phase to three phase Matrix Converter (MC) in recent years, and inherits merits of the traditional MC. Matrix Rectifier could be divided into isolated and non-isolated two types according to using high frequency transformer or not. A kind of isolated Matrix Rectifier topology, i.e., high frequency link Matrix Rectifier (HFLMR) has been selected as the study project. Space vector modulation is the mostly focused control strategy for the HFLMR, however its algorithm and its implementation are complicated and difficulty. So a novel straightforward absolute value logic SPWM control strategy based on De-Re-coupling idea has been proposed in this paper, which could realize unit power factor and DC voltage output, and made the transformer gain volt-second balance in a high frequency switching cycle. The validity and feasibility of the proposed control strategy have been well proved by the simulation and experiment results, and a special working phenomenon named as "the dual voltage endemism" has been analyzed in detail.
High-power, high-temperature operation of GaInAsSb-AlGaAsSb ridge-waveguide lasers emitting at 1.9 &#x03BC;m (1995)

Ridge-waveguide lasers emitting at /spl sim/1.9 μm have been fabricated from a multiple-quantum-well heterostructure with an active region consisting of five GaInAsSb wells and six AlGaAsSb barriers. At room temperature, single-ended cw output power as high as 100 mW has been obtained. The maximum cw operating temperature is 130/spl deg/C, with a characteristic temperature of 85 K between 20 and 80/spl deg/C.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of PD-L1 Expression in Canine Malignant Cancers and PD-1 Expression on Lymphocytes in Canine Oral Melanoma (2016)

Spontaneous cancers are common diseases in dogs. Among these, some malignant cancers such as oral melanoma, osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, and mast cell tumor are often recognized as clinical problems because, despite their high frequencies, current treatments for these cancers may not always achieve satisfying outcomes. The absence of effective systemic therapies against these cancers leads researchers to investigate novel therapeutic modalities, including immunotherapy. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is a costimulatory receptor with immunosuppressive function. When it binds its ligands, PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or PD-L2, PD-1 on T cells negatively regulates activating signals from the T cell receptor, resulting in the inhibition of the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Aberrant PD-L1 expression has been reported in many human cancers and is considered an immune escape mechanism for cancers. In clinical trials, anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies induced tumor regression for several malignancies, including advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. In this study, to assess the potential of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis as a novel therapeutic target for canine cancer immunotherapy, immunohistochemical analysis of PD-L1 expression in various malignant cancers of dogs was performed. Here, we show that dog oral melanoma, osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumor, mammary adenocarcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma expressed PD-L1, whereas some other types of cancer did not. In addition, PD-1 was highly expressed on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes obtained from oral melanoma, showing that lymphocytes in this cancer type might have been functionally exhausted. These results strongly encourage the clinical application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents against these cancers in dogs.
Structure of the Three N-Terminal Immunoglobulin Domains of the Highly Immunogenic Outer Capsid Protein from a T4-Like Bacteriophage (2011)

The head of bacteriophage T4 is decorated with 155 copies of the highly antigenic outer capsid protein (Hoc). One Hoc molecule binds near the center of each hexameric capsomer. Hoc is dispensable for capsid assembly and has been used to display pathogenic antigens on the surface of T4. Here we report the crystal structure of a protein containing the first three of four domains of Hoc from bacteriophage RB49, a close relative of T4. The structure shows an approximately linear arrangement of the protein domains. Each of these domains has an immunoglobulin-like fold, frequently found in cell attachment molecules. In addition, we report biochemical data suggesting that Hoc can bind to Escherichia coli, supporting the hypothesis that Hoc could attach the phage capsids to bacterial surfaces and perhaps also to other organisms. The capacity for such reversible adhesion probably provides survival advantages to the bacteriophage.
Involvement of TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand in Human CD4+ T Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (1999)

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been identified as a member of the TNF family that induces apoptosis in a variety of tumor cells, but its physiological functions are largely unknown. In the present study, we examined the expression and function of TRAIL in human CD4+ T cell clones by utilizing newly established anti-human TRAIL mAbs. Human CD4+ T cell clones, HK12 and 4HM1, exhibited perforin-independent and Fas ligand (FasL)-independent cytotoxicity against certain target cells, including T lymphoma (Jurkat) and keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines, which are susceptible to TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity. In contrast to FasL, the expression of which was inducible upon anti-CD3 stimulation, TRAIL was constitutively expressed on HK12 and 4HM1 cells, and no further increase was observed after anti-CD3 stimulation. Spontaneous cytotoxic activities of resting HK12 and 4HM1 cells against Jurkat and HaCaT cells were blocked by anti-TRAIL mAb but not by anti-FasL mAb, and bystander cytotoxic activities of anti-CD3-stimulated HK12 and 4HM1 cells were abolished by the combination of anti-TRAIL and anti-FasL mAbs. These results indicate a differential regulation of TRAIL and FasL expression on human CD4+ T cell clones and that TRAIL constitutes an additional pathway of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Detailed Kinetic Modeling of NH<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O Adsorption, and NH<sub>3</sub> Oxidation over Cu-ZSM-5 (2009)

The NH3 and H2O adsorption and desorption, and the NH3 oxidation was studied using detailed kinetic modeling and flow reactor experiments. Ammonia storage and ammonia oxidation are important for the NH3 SCR application. In this study, both ammonia storage and oxidation are investigated, with and without the presence of water. Four sites were included in the model. On each copper atom was one active site introduced, denoted S1a, where NH3, H2O, NO2 and O2 can adsorb. However, electron paramagnetic resonance studies (EPR) and also DFT calculations in the literature suggest that [Cu(NH3)4]2+complex are formed in copper zeolites. We therefore introduced three additional sites (S1b) that ammonia can adsorb on in order to add up to the four ammonia adsorbed per copper atom. It was important to separate between S1a and S1b since it is not possible for four NO2 to adsorb per copper and also in order to describe the ammonia TPD and SCR reactions simultaneously. The Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst also contains Brönsted acid sites (S2), and in order to account for the large amount stored at ambient temperature, sites for weakly bound species (S3) were included as well. The Brönsted sites were investigated using NH3 and H2O TPD experiments on H-ZSM-5. Water and ammonia TPD experiments on Cu-ZSM-5 were also used in the model development and the model was able to describe the experiment well. An NH3 TPD experiment with storage performed in the presence of water was used for model validation, and the model was able to predict the experimental results adequately. The model was then extended to include steps for oxygen adsorption, desorption, dissociation, recombination and two summary steps for ammonia oxidation. Ammonia oxidation in both the presence and absence of water was used in the model development. The resulting model was able to predict ammonia storage, desorption and oxidation accurately, both in the presence and absence of water.
Reflectance pulse oximetry in neonates (1995)

As a feasible and reliable method of non-invasive oxygen saturation monitoring in neonates, RPOX has potential applications in fetal scalp monitoring.
Supercomputing and Graphics in the Earth and Planetary Sciences (1987)

Utilisation des graphismes et des superordinateurs pour les sciences de la terre et de l'espace
Supported Pd–Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles That Have High Activity for the Electrochemical Oxidation of Methanol (2012)

Monodisperse bimetallic Pd-Cu nanoparticles with controllable size and composition were synthesized by a one-step multiphase ethylene glycol (EG) method. Adjusting the stoichiometric ratio of the Pd and Cu precursors afforded nanoparticles with different compositions, such as Pd(85)-Cu(15), Pd(56)-Cu(44), and Pd(39)-Cu(61). The nanoparticles were separated from the solution mixture by extraction with non-polar solvents, such as n-hexane. Monodisperse bimetallic Pd-Cu nanoparticles with narrow size-distribution were obtained without the need for a size-selection process. Capping ligands that were bound to the surface of the particles were removed through heat treatment when the as-prepared nanoparticles were loaded onto a Vulcan XC-72 carbon support. Supported bimetallic Pd-Cu nanoparticles showed enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation compared with supported Pd nanoparticles that were fabricated according to the same EG method. For a bimetallic Pd-Cu catalyst that contained 15 % Cu, the activity was even comparable to the state-of-the-art commercially available Pt/C catalysts. A STEM-HAADF study indicated that the formation of random solid-solution alloy structures in the bimetallic Pd(85)-Cu(15)/C catalysts played a key role in improving the electrochemical activity.
Bedside Electromagnetic‐Guided Feeding Tube Placement: An Improvement Over Traditional Placement Technique? (2007)

No adverse events occurred with the implementation of bedside feeding tube placement using an ETPD. In addition, SBFT placement with an ETPD by designated ICU RD/RN teams resulted in lower x-ray costs and more timely initiation of enteral feedings compared with blind placement.
Benzothiadiazole-Based Linear and Star Molecules: Design, Synthesis, and Their Application in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells (2009)

Star molecules have many advantages, such as monodispersity, excellent solubility, and vast structures with different functional groups. A set of four-arm star molecules with benzothiadiazole as the core, oligothiophene as the arm, and triphenylamine as the end group and their linear counterparts were designed and synthesized. Organic solar cells (OSCs) fabricated with these star molecules and [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) by spin-coating from solution demonstrate similar short circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF) but larger open circuit voltage (Voc) in comparison with solar cells fabricated with corresponding linear molecules and PC71BM. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.8%, with Jsc = 4.9 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.92 V, and FF = 0.41 was achieved with one of these star molecules.