gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INS/GPS operational concept demonstration (OCD) high gear program (2002)

On February 10, 1993 an Air Force F-16 dropped an INS/GPS modified GBU-15 from an altitude of 35000 ft and a down range distance of 88000 ft in adverse weather. The guided weapon impacted within 6 meters of the target, demonstrating the potential of INS/GPS technology to significantly improve air-to-surface munitions strategies and tactics. This landmark flight was successfully followed by 5 additional drops with varying altitudes, downrange distances and weather conditions. OCD was designated an Air Force high gear program, allowing streamlined acquisition and reporting procedures, in response to Operation Desert Storm experience highlighting the need for attacking high-value targets from high altitude in adverse weather. OCD met it's objective to build and demonstrate an INS/GPS weapon in an operationally representative environment. Results of the demonstration show there is low technical risk associated with development of INS/GPS munitions considered for the Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAM) program. This paper provides additional details on program objectives, system implementation, and test results. The focus of this paper is on the implementation and performance of the integrated INS/GPS navigation system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Attractive Forces Between Uncharged Hydrophobic Surfaces: Direct Measurements in Aqueous Solution (1985)

Long, double-chained alkylammonium acetate surfactants are soluble in water and, under suitable conditions, adsorb onto sheets of muscovite mica, forming an electrically neutral, hydrophobic surface. Attractive forces measured between such surfaces are 10 to 100 times stronger than expected from van der Waals theory over distances D up to about 10 nanometers. The forces decay exponentially [with a force proportional to exp(-D/1.4)] instead of following the power-law behavior of continuum theory. The results of these and earlier experiments indicate that the strength of these attractive forces depends critically on the degree of hydrophobicity of the surface and is due to the long-range influence of the surface on the structure of water. In addition, for very hydrophobic surfaces, the cavitation effects on pulling the surfaces apart are described.
Conformance Improvement by Using High Temperature Foams and Gels (1992)

ABSTRACT The use of foams to divert the steam from the swept zone has been extensively tested both in the laboratory and the field. On the other hand, gels for plugging unproductive zones have mostly been considered for conventional or relatively low temperature applications. The objectives of this study were the development of strategies for improving the long-distance propagation of foam in the reservoir and evaluation of gels for near-well applications in thermal recovery operations. The major limitations to the growth of the foam zone include the inefficiencies in foam generation and poor bubble transport. Flow experiments were carried out in sand packs at steamflood conditions to develop strategies for improving foam generation by a pre-foam reduction of residual saturation in the swept zone. The results showed that the pre-foam concept could be used with small slugs of low interfacial tension chemical or solvents to substantially improve the rate of foam propagation. Studies to determine the propagation behavior once foam is generated showed that bubble transport is sensitive to oil saturation but relatively insensitive to injected fluid velocities and liquid volume fraction. Laboratory experiments were also conducted to test gel performance in porous media over the temperature range 100-300°C. Although the gel strength diminished at high temperatures, significant reductions of steam mobility were still observed at 300°C. Gels in porous media were shown to withstand moderate pressure gradients for extended periods of time at elevated temperatures. The advantage and disadvantage of foam and gel applications at elevated temperatures will be discussed.
1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition as a general route for functionalization of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>nanoparticles (2008)

Triazole formation by 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions has been used to functionalize the surface of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles. Fe(3)O(4) particle samples with diameters around 22 nm were synthesized without any additional stabilizer, and were then treated with silane coupling agent to react with propargyl acid. The alkynyl group on the Fe(3)O(4) surface provides better conjugation efficiency with azide derivative molecules, which led to their attachment through the formation of a 1, 2, 3-triazole ring.
Explicit Notification Extension (ECN) Support for RTP Sessions (2009)

This document describes a design to support Explicit Congestion
Notification (ECN) for the RTP layer. The design defines a means of
end-to-end negotiated support of ECN using the Session Description
Protocol (SDP) and a new RTCP Extended Report.
Analysis of Intermodulation and Noise Performance for Recursive Active Microwave Integrated Filters (1999)

In this paper, we present a novel analytical model for recursive active microwave integrated filters. For a given value of the third order output intercept point of the amplifier used in the filters, we show how the values of the third order output intercept points of two different filter topologies are related to the Q-values of the filters. Also, for a given Q-value, our results show which of the two filter topologies should be used to obtain the lowest possible filter noise figure in combination with the highest possible filter third order output intercept point.
Detection of laser-generated ultrasound based on phase demodulation technique using a fibre Fabry–Perot interferometer (2005)

This paper describes a novel non-contact laser-ultrasound system which is compact and has a high level of immunity to ambient vibration, based on the use of an optical fibre Fabry–Perot interferometer as an acoustic detector. The new optical acoustic detector was employed for measuring a high-frequency acoustic wave of small amplitude generated by a relatively low output power source using an erbium-doped fibre amplifier. Together with the characteristics of the proposed detector, the preliminary results of 80 MHz laser-ultrasound experiments on an aluminium film are described.
Large-scale synthesis of α-amino acid-<i>N</i>-carboxyanhydrides (2016)

Hetero- and homopolymers prepared from α-amino acid-N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) monomers are widely useful products. The preparation of pure NCA monomers has been extensively studied in the past. Purification methods including repeated crystallizations, extraction, and flash column chromatography have been devised. However, these methods are not easily amendable to large-scale NCA preparations. This article describes the synthesis of numerous highly purified NCAs on a >100 g scale using a simple filtration step through diatomaceous earth (celite). The resulting NCAs provided polyethylene glycol (PEG)–amino acid triblock polymers devoid of low-molecular-weight by-products that were routinely observed when unfiltered batches of NCAs were used. Also disclosed is the preparation of NCAs at ambient temperature. Traditionally, NCA reactions using a phosgene source are heated. This study shows these reactions can be driven by the slight exotherm that forms upon reagent mixing. This eliminates the need for an external heating source, simplifying large-scale reactions.
Architecture and implementation of a highly parallel single-chip video DSP (1992)

The architecture of a single-chip video DSP capable of attaining a maximum performance of 300-MOPS (mega operations per second) using 0.8- mu m CMOS technology is described. The DSP is designed for the many applications regarding p*64 kb/s single-board video codecs based on DSPs that have roughly ten times the performance of conventional DSPs. Highly parallel architectures that allow four pipelined processing units to be integrated into one chip are studied extensively. The authors consider data path configurations, program sequencing control, and microinstructions that effectively support multiple pipeline processing. A prototype DSP is fabricated using 0.8- mu m CMOS technology, and some performance evaluations are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A physiologically valid simulator for training residents to perform an epidural block (2002)

Describes the current status of the ongoing development of a virtual simulation system for use in training anesthesiology residents in the technique of delivering an epidural block. The system utilizes real-time graphics, a voice interface, and force-feedback applied to a Crawford needle to simulate a realistic epidural experience. The user sits in front of a SGI workstation and invokes the program through a voice interface. A computer generated image of the back, taken from MRI data, appears on the screen along with an image of the needle. The user places his hands on the physical needle, which is held by a 1 DOF Impulse Engine (developed by Immersion Corporation). As the physical needle is pushed in, the graphical representation of the needle moves in synchrony, and realistic forces are applied by the Impulse Engine to give the user the feel of actually inserting the needle into a patients back. The novice user can get feedback as to the position of the needle by watching an interactive view of the needle in a image showing the axial view of the MRI data of the patient's back. A more advanced user can request instantaneous axial, sagittal, or coronal MRI views of the position of the needle in the MRI data set using vocal commands. The haptic forces are currently being modeled from a combination of the MRI intensity values and expert opinion. Work in progress involves modeling these forces as springs, using the MRI intensity levels and a system of equations to quantitatively define the force for a given needle depth. A series of experiments are being planned to identify the true physiological forces involved in needle insertion. Results from these experiments will be used to develop the system of equations which will drive the force feedback on the simulator.
Catalysis by Acid-Regenerated Cation Exchangers. (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalysis by Acid-Regenerated Cation Exchangers.Sidney SussmanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1946, 38, 12, 1228–1230Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50444a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50444a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Forwardflow (2010)

Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) are now commodity hardware, but commoditization of parallel software remains elusive. In the near term, the current trend of increased core-per-socket count will continue, despite a lack of parallel software to exercise the hardware. Future CMPs must deliver thread-level parallelism when software provides threads to run, but must also continue to deliver performance gains for single threads by exploiting instruction-level parallelism and memory-level parallelism. However, power limitations will prevent conventional cores from exploiting both simultaneously.
A general purpose fuzzy controller for monotone functions (1996)

In this work, a general purpose fuzzy controller is proposed to handle the class of monotonic functions. A set of rules on the selection of fuzzy subsets and decision tables based on the mean-of-inversion (MOI) defuzzification method for guaranteed convergence and accuracy is given and proved. Unlike the mean-of-maximum (MOM) and the center-of-area (COA) methods, the MOI method defuzzifies each fired rule separately instead of superimposing fired rules before defuzzification.
Near-independently regulated 5-output single-inductor DC-DC buck converter delivering 1.2W/mm<sup>2</sup> in 65nm CMOS (2012)

For minimizing the power consumption in portable devices, efficient DC-DC converters with a wide range of regulated voltages and currents are needed. Considering the required footprint area, cost, and chip count, integration of single-inductor-multiple-output (SIMO) DC-DC converters into the system, particularly in scaled CMOS processes, is highly desirable. However, the cross regulation and low power density of SIMO solutions are obstacles to system integration [1-5]. Another problem is the capability of handling high battery voltage in advanced CMOS processes. This paper presents control and circuit techniques used in a 65nm CMOS SIMO buck converter with near-independently regulated five outputs and high power density.
Failure of <i>CDKN2A/B</i> (<i>INK4A/B–ARF</i>)-mediated tumor suppression and resistance to targeted therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia induced by BCR-ABL (2008)

Deletions of the CDKN2A/B tumor suppressor locus and of the IKAROS and PAX5 genes that promote B-lineage development occur frequently in lymphoid, but not myeloid leukemias initiated by the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase. Why is this the case, and how do these genetic lesions contribute to an aggressive disease that fails to durably respond to targeted kinase inhibitors?
Indexing and querying linguistic metadata and document content (2007)

The need for efficient corpus indexing and querying arises frequently both in machine learning-based and human-engineered natural language processing systems.This paper presents the ANNIC system, which can index documents not only by content, but also by their linguististic annotations and features.It also enables users to formulate versatile queries mixing keywords and linguistic information.The result consists of the matching texts in the corpus, displayed within the context of linguistic annotations (not just text, as is customary for KWIC systems).The data is displayed in a graphical user interface, which facilitates its exploration and the discovery of new patterns, which can in turn be tested by launching new ANNIC queries.
The absorption and metabolism of guanethidine in hypertensive patients requiring different doses of the drug (1971)

To find out whether difJerences in absorption and metabolism are responsible for the Zarge variation in dose requirement of guanethidine, the quantities of the drug and its metabolites exereted in the urine were measured with the use of a chromatographie method for the separation and quantitative assay of basic drugs in urine. All patients were found to excrete unehanged drug and two metabolites. The percentage of the dose absorbed varied from 3 to 27 per cent, but this was not the only factor determining dose requirement of the drug because the absolute amount of drug absorbed also varied eonsiderably (6.4 to 30 mg. per day).
Soil Infestation Density Affects the Results of Heterodera glycines Race Tests. (1998)

Production of females by stock populations of races 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 14 of Heterodera glycines on 'Lee 74', 'Pickett', 'Peking,' PI 88788, and PI 90763 soybean cultivars and lines at inoculum densities of 100, 1,000, 4,000, 5,000, and 10,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles/pot (2.2, 21.8, 87.1, 108.9, and 217.9/cm(3) soil) was tested to determine the effects of soil population density on race identification using the 16-race scheme. Tests of all races were repeated 1 to 3 times during the year, except for the race 9 test, which was conducted once. Only races 3 and 9 had the same race designation at all infestation densities in repeated tests. Races 2 and 4 consistently were identified at all except the lowest infestation densities. Race 5 was identified as race 15 at the 100 infestation density in one test, and as race 1 at the 1,000 density in another test. Race 6 had significant numbers of females on Peking and P190763 that resulted in female indices of 34 on Peking and 14 on P190763 when the infestation density was 10,000. Race 14 was consistently identified between infestation densities of 4,000 and 10,000 but was identified as race 6 or 9 at the 100 infestation density and as race 4 or 14 at the 1,000 infestation density. Race 1 was identified as race 5 in a few instances because Pickett was not resistant to this population. The results of this series of experiments suggest that an infestation density of 4,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles/pot is best for race identification. Races were very poorly differentiated at the lowest density, differentiation was inconsistent at the 1,000 infestation density, and densities higher than 4,000 had reduced numbers of females on Lee 74 and relatively high numbers on the differentials which resulted in poor race differentiation with some races.
Synchrotron radiation from electron beams in plasma-focusing channels (2002)

Spontaneous radiation emitted from relativistic electrons undergoing betatron motion in a plasma-focusing channel is analyzed, and applications to plasma wake-field accelerator experiments and to the ion-channel laser (ICL) are discussed. Important similarities and differences between a free electron laser (FEL) and an ICL are delineated. It is shown that the frequency of spontaneous radiation is a strong function of the betatron strength parameter a(beta), which plays a role similar to that of the wiggler strength parameter in a conventional FEL. For a(beta) > or approximately 1, radiation is emitted in numerous harmonics. Furthermore, a(beta) is proportional to the amplitude of the betatron orbit, which varies for every electron in the beam. The radiation spectrum emitted from an electron beam is calculated by averaging the single-electron spectrum over the electron distribution. This leads to a frequency broadening of the radiation spectrum, which places serious limits on the possibility of realizing an ICL.
Reconfiguring the Bioinformatics Computational Spectrum: Challenges and Opportunities of FPGA-Based Bioinformatics Acceleration Platforms (2013)

This paper conducts a detailed survey on the use of FPGA-based reconfigurable computing platforms for a wide range of sequence and structural bioinformatics applications, with emphasis on performance and energy savings of the underlying architectures. Applications considered include sequence comparison, multiple sequence alignment, RNA and protein secondary structure prediction, gene prediction, and phylogenetic tree computation.
V<scp>ASCULAR</scp> T<scp>ISSUE</scp> D<scp>IFFERENTIATION AND</scp> P<scp>ATTERN</scp> F<scp>ORMATION IN</scp> P<scp>LANTS</scp> (2002)

Vascular tissues, xylem and phloem, are differentiated from meristematic cells, procambium, and vascular cambium. Auxin and cytokinin have been considered essential for vascular tissue differentiation; this is supported by recent molecular and genetic analyses. Xylogenesis has long been used as a model for study of cell differentiation, and many genes involved in late stages of tracheary element formation have been characterized. A number of mutants affecting vascular differentiation and pattern formation have been isolated in Arabidopsis. Studies of some of these mutants have suggested that vascular tissue organization within the bundles and vascular pattern formation at the organ level are regulated by positional information.
Mitochondrial quality control and neurological disease: an emerging connection (2010)

The human brain is a highly complex organ with remarkable energy demands. Although it represents only 2% of the total body weight, it accounts for 20% of all oxygen consumption, reflecting its high rate of metabolic activity. Mitochondria have a crucial role in the supply of energy to the brain. Consequently, their deterioration can have important detrimental consequences on the function and plasticity of neurons, and is thought to have a pivotal role in ageing and in the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders. Owing to their inherent physiological functions, mitochondria are subjected to particularly high levels of stress and have evolved specific molecular quality-control mechanisms to maintain the mitochondrial components. Here, we review some of the most recent advances in the understanding of mitochondrial stress-control pathways, with a particular focus on how defects in such pathways might contribute to neurodegenerative disease.
Residue 225 determines the Na(+)-induced allosteric regulation of catalytic activity in serine proteases. (1996)

Residue 225 in serine proteases is typically Pro or Tyr and specifies an important and unanticipated functional aspect of this class of enzymes. Proteases with Y225, like thrombin, are involved in highly specialized functions like blood coagulation and complement that are exclusively found in vertebrates. In these proteases, the catalytic activity is enhanced allosterically by Na+ binding. Proteases with P225, like trypsin, are typically involved in digestive functions and are also found in organisms as primitive as eubacteria. These proteases have no requirement for Na+ or other monovalent cations. The molecular origin of this physiologically important difference is remarkably simple and is revealed by a comparison of the Na+ binding loop of thrombin with the homologous region of trypsin. The carbonyl O atom of residue 224 makes a key contribution to the coordination shell of the bound Na+ in thrombin, but is oriented in a manner incompatible with Na+ binding in trypsin because of constraints imposed by P225 on the protein backbone. Pro at position 225 is therefore incompatible with Na+ binding and is a direct predictor of the lack of allosteric regulation in serine proteases. To directly test this hypothesis, we have engineered the thrombin mutant Y225P. This mutant has lost the ability to bind Na+ and behaves like the allosteric slow (Na(+)-free) form. The Na(+)-induced allosteric regulation also bears on the molecular evolution of serine proteases. A strong correlation exists between residue 225 and the codon used for the active site S195. Proteases with P225 typically use a TCN codon for S195, whereas proteases with Y225 use an AGY codon. It is proposed that serine proteases evolved from two main lineages: (i) TCN/P225 with a trypsin-like ancestor and (ii) AGY/Y225 with a thrombin-like ancestor. We predict that the Na(+)-induced allosteric regulation of catalytic activity can be introduced in the TCN/P225 lineage using the P225Y replacement.
The immunology of pregnancy (1997)

Division of Nutrition, Pregnancy and Development, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen *Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK