gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developing an Online Fleet Management Service (2006)

This case illustrates the new generation of e-business ventures made possible by the Internet and enabling information and communication technologies. AlertDriving is a recent Canadian start-up, which has moved through the microbusiness to the small business stage, and aims for continued growth. First-to-market with a Web-based driver training and fleet risk management service, the business combines e-learning, risk management, and e-business. Their new approach replaces traditional methods of classroom and behind-the-wheel driver training and paper-based fleet management systems. Growth has brought both opportunities and challenges to the firm and its two entrepreneurs/brothers. In particular, they face important decisions concerning continuing to grow revenue and profit.
Assimilative Modeling of Ionospheric Disturbances with FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and Ground-Based GPS Measurements (2009)

The four-dimensional Global Assimilative Ionospheric Model (GAIM) is applied to a study of ionospheric disturbances. The investigation is focused on disturbance features, particularly in the altitude and latitude dimensions, at low latitudes during a geomagnetic storm on 7 August 2006, under solar minimum conditions. The modeling of storm-time ionospheric state (electron density) is conducted by assimilating an unprecedented volume of line-of-sight TEC data collected by the Global Positioning System (GPS) occultation receivers on board six FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites and geodetic-quality GPS receivers at two hundred globally-distributed ground tracking stations.With a band-limited Kalman filter technique to update the ionospheric state, the assimilative modeling reveals a pronounced enhancement in the equatorial anomaly in the East Asia sector during dusk and evening hours. The disturbance characteristics, obtained by comparing with the quiet conditions prior to the storm also modeled in this study through data assimilation, include lifted F layer and reduced electron density in the equatorial region, enhanced density at the magnetically conjugate anomaly latitudes, and tilted feature of density increase towards higher altitudes at lower latitudes. The characteristics are attributed to the enhanced plasma fountain effect driven by an enhanced eastward zonal electric field. These results enable us to distinguish the storm-time electric field perturbations clearly from other sources during the storm. The possible origins of electric field perturbations are also discussed, including penetration of the magnetospheric electric field and wind dynamo disturbances.
The Moth-Eye Effect — From Fundamentals to Commercial Exploitation (2009)

The historical developments of artificial "moth-eye" structures as anti-reflective surfaces are described. In theory, "moth-eye" structures are regarded as zero-order diffraction gratings as the relation of the grating period to the wavelength is such that only zero-order diffracted waves can propagate. The optical properties of the grating can be described by effective medium theories. It is shown that propagation of zero-order diffracted waves alone is very difficult to achieve for visible wavelengths in general due to limitations concerning the manufacturability on large areas. Therefore, nonideal anti-reflective moth-eye structures had to be optimized with respect to the grating periods depending on the grating type and of course on the specific application. The results of the optimization methods are presented. Then the manufacturing methods especially suited for the origination and replication on large areas are described in detail. Finally, the applications of "moth-eye" structures and developments beyond the mimicry of nature are presented.
Molecular Mechanisms of Green Tea Polyphenols (2009)

Tea, next to water, is the most popular beverage in the world. It has been suggested that tea consumption has the cancer-preventive effects. Epidemiological studies have indicated decreased cancer occurrence in people who regularly drink green tea. Research has also discovered numerous mechanisms of action to explain the biological effects of tea. The most abundant and popular compound studied in tea research is (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate or (-)-EGCG, which is a powerful antioxidant and can inhibit a number of tumor cell proliferation and survival pathways. Tea polyphenols are known to inhibit metaloproteonases, various protein kinases, and proteins that regulate DNA replication and transformation. We also reported that ester bond-containing tea polyphenols, for example, (-)-EGCG, potently and specifically inhibited the tumor proteasomal activity. We further demonstrated that methylation on green tea polyphenols under physiological conditions decreased their proteasome-inhibitory activity, contributing to decreased cancer-preventive effects of tea consumption. Since (-)-EGCG is unstable under physiological conditions, we also developed the peracetate-protected or prodrug form of (-)-EGCG, Pro-EGCG (1), and showed that Pro-EGCG (1) increases the bioavailability, stability, and proteasome-inhibitory and anticancer activities of (-)-EGCG in human breast cancer cells and tumors, demonstrating its potential use for cancer prevention and treatment.
The all-metal spin transistor (1994)

An entirely new kind of switching device is fabricated entirely from metals. The three-layer, three-terminal spin transistor behaves somewhat like a semiconductor bipolar transistor; though the physical operating principles differ. The emitter and collector layers of the spin transistor are ferromagnetic films. The base layer is a nonmagnetic metal, such as gold, copper, or silver. Being all-metal the device can be made much smaller than semiconductor transistors-less than 0.1 micrometer on a side. Although still a technological infant, the device has the electrical properties required by memory cells, current amplifiers, and logic circuits. A computer made only of metals seems quite possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibition of Cell Growth and Induction of Apoptosis via Inactivation of NF-κB by a Sulfurcompound Isolated From Garlic in Human Colon Cancer Cells (2007)

Compounds such as S-allylmercaptocysteine, diallyl disulfide, and S-trityl-L-cysteine isolated from garlic have been known to be effective in chemoprevention. Nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) has been known to be an implicated factor in apoptotic cell death of several cancer cells. In this study, we investigated whether a sulfurcompound (named thiacremonone) isolated from garlic could modulate NF-kappaB activity and thereby induce apoptotic cell death of colon cancer cells. Treatment with different concentrations (30 - 150 microg/ml) of thiacremonone for various periods (0 - 48 h) inhibited colon cancer cell (SW620 and HCT116) growth followed by induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. We also found that thiacremonone modulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and tetradeanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA)-induced NF-kappaB transcriptional and DNA binding activity. Moreover, thiacremonone suppressed NF-kappaB target anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2, cIAP1/2, and XIAP) and inflammatory genes (iNOS and COX-2), whereas it induced apoptotic genes (Bax, cleaved caspse-3, and cleaved PARP) expression. These results suggest that a novel sulfurocompound from garlic inhibited colon cancer cell growth through induction of apoptotic cell death by modulating of NF-kappaB.
<i>Dnm3os</i>, a non‐coding RNA, is required for normal growth and skeletal development in mice (2008)

Dnm3os, a gene that is transcribed into a non-coding RNA (ncRNA), contains three micro RNAs (miRNAs), miR-199a, miR-199a*, and miR-214, whose functions remain unknown in mammals. In this study, we introduced the lacZ gene into the Dnm3os locus to recapitulate its expression pattern and disrupt its function. Dnm3os(+/lacZ) heterozygous embryos showed beta-galactosidase activity, which reflected the authentic expression pattern of Dnm3os RNA. Most of the Dnm3os(lacZ/lacZ) homozygous pups died within one month of birth. After birth, Dnm3os(lacZ/lacZ) mice exhibited several skeletal abnormalities, including craniofacial hypoplasia, defects in dorsal neural arches and spinous processes of the vertebrae, and osteopenia. Importantly, the expression of miR-199a, miR-199a*, and miR-214 was significantly down-regulated in Dnm3os(lacZ/lacZ) embryos, supporting the assumption that Dnm3os serves as a precursor of these three miRNAs. Thus, Dnm3os has emerged as an miRNA-encoding gene that is indispensable for normal skeletal development and body growth in mammals.
Lo que dijo, y acaso más importante, lo que no dijo la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea de 18 de julio de 2013 sobre el acuerdo ADPIC y las patentes farmacéuticas (2014)

El presente articulo comenta la posible incidencia de las recientes SSTJUE de 18 de julio de 2013 y de 12 de diciembre de 2013 sobre las patentes quimico-farmaceuticas solicitadas antes de 7 de octubre de 1992, que en su dia se vieron afectadas por la reserva espanola al Convenio de la Patente Europea.
Direct read-out CMOS camera with applications to full-field optical coherence tomography (2005)

A comprehensive characterisation of a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and digital signal processor (DSP) camera, used typically in machine vision applications, is presented in this paper. The camera consists of a direct read-out CMOS sensor, each pixel giving a direct analogue voltage output related to light intensity, with an analogue-to-digital converter and digital signal processor on the back-end. The camera operates as a stand-alone device using a VGA display; code being pre-programmed to the onboard random access memory of the DSP. High detection rates (kHz) on multiple pixels were achieved, and the relationship between pixel response time and light intensity was quantified. The CMOS sensor, with 1024x1024 pixels randomly addressable in space and time, demonstrated a dynamic logarithmic light intensity sensitivity range of 120dB. Integrating the CMOS camera with a low coherence Michelson interferometer, optical coherence tomography (OCT) axial depth scans have been acquired. The intended application is an imaging device for simple yet functional full-field optical coherence tomography. The advantages of the CMOS sensor are the potential for carrier-based detection, through the very fast pixel response with under-sampling, and the elimination of the electromechanical lateral scanning of conventional OCT by replacing it with electronic pixel scanning.
The Evolution of a Practical Agent-based Recommender System (2000)

All in-text\treferences\tunderlined\tin\tblue\tare\tlinked\tto\tpublications\ton\tResearchGate, letting you\taccess\tand\tread\tthem\timmediately.
The Reduced Motion Ability in the Upper Extremity on the Unaffected Side of Stroke-Induced Hemiplegia and Trauma (1996)

The motion ability, especially motion velocity, of the upper extremity on the other side of the impaired extremity due to stroke-induced hemiplegia (right 103, left 91) and unilateral upper extremity impairments (right 81, left 47) due to trauma such as fracture and peripheral nerve injury was compared with that of the upper extremity on the same side in healthy individuals. The purpose of this comparison is to confirm the relationship of the decrease in the ability with 'disuse' and to examine the validity of the currently domin ant speculation that the reduction in the motion ability of the unimpaired upper extremity in patient with hemiplegia is due to bilaterality of the nerve supply. The reduction in the motion velocity of the unimpaired upper extremity in patients with hemiplegia was similar in degree and tendency to that in patients with trauma, in whom the effect of the bilaterality of nerve supply can be excluded and 'disuse' is conclusively considered to be the primary cause of the reduction in the motion velocity.
Dynamic Bit-width Reconfiguration for Energy-Efficient Deep Learning Hardware (2018)

Deep learning models have reached state of the art performance in many machine learning tasks. Benefits in terms of energy, bandwidth, latency, etc., can be obtained by evaluating these models directly within Internet of Things end nodes, rather than in the cloud. This calls for implementations of deep learning tasks that can run in resource limited environments with low energy footprints. Research and industry have recently investigated these aspects, coming up with specialized hardware accelerators for low power deep learning. One effective technique adopted in these devices consists in reducing the bit-width of calculations, exploiting the error resilience of deep learning. However, bit-widths are tipically set statically for a given model, regardless of input data. Unless models are retrained, this solution invariably sacrifices accuracy for energy efficiency.
Cone-beam reconstruction for Micro-CT (2003)

X-ray micro-CT has been a focus in the CT/Micro-CT Lab, the University of Iowa. In this paper, some recent progress we made on cone-beam micro-CT is described. First, we address approximation reconstruction using Feldkamp-type algorithms with multiple X-ray sources and displaced detector configurations. Then, we explain three types of artifacts associated with exact reconstruction in the Grangeat framework. Finally, we report the convergence of a generalized block-iterative Landweber scheme. Representative images from simulation and experiments are also given.
Block bialternate sum with applications to computation of stability bounds (1997)

The block bialternate sum for partitioned matrices is introduced in this paper and its basic properties are established.Using the block bialternate sum, exact values of the maximal stability range of the parameter in integral control systems and singularly perturbed systems as also the minimal range of the gain parameter in a high-gain feedback system are determined.The proposed method is claimed to be computationally superior to all other existing methods.
Phospholipids and sports performance (2007)

Phospholipids are essential components of all biological membranes. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and Phosphatidylserine (PS) are Phosphatidyl-phospholipids that are required for normal cellular structure and function. The participation in physical activity often challenges a variety of physiological systems; consequently, the ability to maintain normal cellular function during activity can determine sporting performance. The participation in prolonged intense exercise has been shown to reduce circulatory choline concentrations in some individuals. As choline is a pre-cursor to the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine, this finding has encouraged researchers to investigate the hypothesis that supplementation with PC (or choline salts) could enhance sporting performance. Although the available data that evaluates the effects of PC supplementation on performance are equivocal, acute oral supplementation with PC (~0.2 g PC per kg body mass) has been demonstrated to improve performance in a variety of sporting activities where exercise has depleted circulatory choline concentrations. Short term oral supplementation with soy-derived PS (S-PS) has been reported to attenuate circulating cortisol concentrations, improve perceived well-being, and reduce perceived muscle soreness after exercise. More recently, short term oral supplementation (750 mg per day of S-PS for 10 days) has been demonstrated to improve exercise capacity during high intensity cycling and tended to increase performance during intermittent running. Although more research is warranted to determine minimum dietary Phospholipid requirements for optimal sporting performance, these findings suggest that some participants might benefit from dietary interventions that increase the intakes of PC and PS.
Parallel Discrete-Event Simulation (1987)

The availability of commercial multiprocessors gives a new importance to distributed simulation. However, while existing techniques exploit some levels of parallelism in the discrete-event simulation algorithm, they are usually targeted to specific applications and architectures. In the general scheme presented here, the algorithm is executed in parrallel using a compilation strategy that can be implemented on shared-memory multiprocessors.
Characterization of Nitrogen-containing Active Carbon Catalysts for SO2 Removal (1982)

Abstract Physical and chemical properties of nitrogen-containing active carbons (ACs), having a much higher activity and capacity for SO2 adsorption than commercial ACs, were investigated to define suitable properties for SO2 removal. The capacity of nitrogen-containing ACs for SO2 adsorption correlates with the amount of their surface basic groups. However, the amount of basic surface groups for the ACs is practically the same as that for commercial ACs, indicating that the ACs have another characteristic property effective for SO2 removal. A study on the chemical state of surface nitrogen atoms by means of an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer has revealed that surface nitrogen species are effective for SO2 adsorption.
State of the art in muscle lipid diseases. (2010)

Fatty acid oxidation in mitochondrial matrix is a major source of energy in muscle, especially when physiological energy demand is increased and exceeds what can be provided through glycolysis. Not surprisingly, a group of muscle disorders due to defects in this system usually leads to the development of acute rhabdomyolysis in conditions such as infection, fasting and prolonged exercise. This group includes beta-oxidation cycle defects and deficiencies of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPTH) and very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD). Muscle pathology is usually not very helpful for the diagnosis but immunohistochemistry may be useful for screening VLCAD deficiency. Another group of lipid dysmetablolism is lipid storage myopathy (LSM) that is pathologically characterized by increased lipid droplets both in number and size in muscle fibers. So far, causative genes have been identified in four different LSMs, comprising primary carnitine deficiency, multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency or glutaric aciduria type II, neutral lipid storage disease with ichthyosis, and neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy. Clinically, the LSM patients show slowly progressive muscle weakness unlike the former group. Final diagnosis is usually made by specific biochemical assays with mutation analyses. As some effective drugs have been widely used and some promising therapies are under certified, comprehensive understanding of these diseases from clinical, pathological and molecular aspects would be of much help for the patients.
True time delays using conversion/dispersion with flat magnitude response for wideband analog RF signals (2012)

We demonstrate optical true time delays using wavelength conversion coupled with chromatic dispersion. The transfer function of the delay system is investigated, and it is shown that 3-dB bandwidth of the system can be increased over 40 GHz by using offset pumps. A flat magnitude response (<1 dB peak-peak, 0.2 dB RMS deviation) is achieved in the 1-30 GHz band. Calculated matched filter output to LFM pulses shows good performance, maintaining a > 30 dB peak-to-sidelobe-ratio. The effect of pump depletion during wavelength conversion is also investigated.
PAN-811 prevents chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment and preserves neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult rats (2018)

Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) occurs in a substantial proportion of treated cancer patients, with no drug currently available for its therapy. This study investigated whether PAN-811, a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, can reduce cognitive impairment and related suppression of neurogenesis following chemotherapy in an animal model. Young adult rats in Chemo and Chemo+PAN-811 groups received 3 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and those in Saline and Saline+PAN-811 groups received equal volumes of physiological saline at 10-day intervals. PAN-811 in saline was delivered through i.p. injection, 10 min following each saline (Saline+PAN-811 group) or MTX/5-FU (Chemo+PAN-811 group) treatment, while equal volumes of saline were delivered to Saline and Chemo groups. Over Days 31-66, rats were administered tests of spatial memory, nonmatching-to-sample rule learning, and discrimination learning, which are sensitive to dysfunction in hippocampus, frontal lobe and striatum, respectively. On Day 97, neurogenesis was immnunohistochemically evaluated by counting doublecortin-positive (DCX+) cells in the dentate gyrus (DG). The results demonstrated that the Chemo group was impaired on the three cognitive tasks, but co-administration of PAN-811 significantly reduced all MTX/5-FU-induced cognitive impairments. In addition, MTX/5-FU reduced DCX+ cells to 67% of that in Saline control rats, an effect that was completely blocked by PAN-811 co-administration. Overall, we present the first evidence that PAN-811 protects cognitive functions and preserves neurogenesis from deleterious effects of MTX/5-FU. The current findings provide a basis for rapid clinical translation to determine the effect of PAN-811 on CICI in human.
Polariton Dynamics under Strong Light–Molecule Coupling (2012)

We present a comprehensive experimental study of the photophysical properties of a molecule-cavity system under strong coupling conditions, using steady-state and femtosecond time-resolved emission and absorption techniques to selectively excite the lower and upper polaritons as well as the reservoir of uncoupled molecules. Our results demonstrate the complex decay routes in such hybrid systems and that, contrary to expectations, the lower polariton is intrinsically long-lived.
Highly enantioselective hydroformylation of olefins catalyzed by new phosphine phosphite-rhodium(I) complexes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly enantioselective hydroformylation of olefins catalyzed by new phosphine phosphite-rhodium(I) complexesNozomu Sakai, Satoshi Mano, Kyoko Nozaki, and Hidemasa TakayaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 15, 7033–7034Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00068a095https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00068a095research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2306Altmetric-Citations425LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts