gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital Color Image Processing (2007)

An introduction to color in three-dimensional image processing and the emerging area of multi-spectral image processing The importance of color information in digital image processing is greater than ever. However, the transition from scalar to vector-valued image functions has not yet been generally covered in most textbooks. Now, Digital Color Image Processing fills this pressing need with a detailed introduction to this important topic. In four comprehensive sections, this book covers: The fundamentals and requirements for color image processing from a vector-valued viewpoint Techniques for preprocessing color images Three-dimensional scene analysis using color information, as well as the emerging area of multi-spectral imaging Applications of color image processing, presented via the examination of two case studies In addition to introducing readers to important new technologies in the field, Digital Color Image Processing also contains novel topics such as: techniques for improving three-dimensional reconstruction, three-dimensional computer vision, and emerging areas of safety and security applications in luggage inspection and video surveillance of high-security facilities. Complete with full-color illustrations and two applications chapters, Digital Color Image Processing is the only book that covers the breadth of the subject under one convenient cover. It is written at a level that is accessible for first- and second-year graduate students in electrical and computer engineering and computer science courses, and that is also appropriate for researchers who wish to extend their knowledge in the area of color image processing.
Kiwifruit l-galactose dehydrogenase: molecular, biochemical and physiological aspects of the enzyme (2004)

l-Galactose dehydrogenase, an enzyme in the pathway of ascorbate biosynthesis, was purified to homogeneity from leaves of kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A.Chev.) CF Liang et AR Ferguson var. deliciosa 'Hayward']. The enzyme had a molecular mass of 34.2 kD, and behaved as a monomer during gel filtration. The K<sub>m</sub>(galactose) and K<sub>m</sub>(NAD) decreased as pH increased from 6.5 to 9, while the V<sub>max</sub> increased over this range. A number of related sugars were tested as alternative substrates or inhibitors, but these were ineffective. Ascorbate caused slow inactivation of the enzyme, possibly through metal catalysed generation of oxygen radicals. Inactivation appeared to be active-site directed as it was protected by the substrate NAD, and not by NADH or l-galactose. This is not likely to be physiologically significant. Through partially sequencing the protein, the gene was identified in the HortResearch Actinidia EST database, and the translation of the full length sequence of this cDNA showed a high homology (80% identity, 90% similarity) to the translation of an Arabidopsis gene (accession CAD10386) and to translations of other genes identified in GenBank. Levels of l-GalDH activity decreased during fruit and leaf development, and levels of mRNA showed a similar reduction. Activity varied between flower parts, with ovaries and styles showing equivalent activity to young fruitlets and sink leaves. Nucleotide sequences reported are available in the Genbank database under the accession number AY176585 (kiwifruit) and AY264803 (apple).
Microcrystalline cellulose pulmonary embolism and granulomatosis. A complication of illicit intravenous injections of pentazocine tablets. (1981)

Four persons had extensive pulmonary granulomatosis from intravenous injections of cellulose derived from tablets intended for oral consumption. Three of these persons were known abusers of pentazocine (Talwin). The principal vascular lesion induced by cellulose is thrombosis. Destruction of arterial elastic laminae and pulmonary vascular dilation commonly ensue. Two of the victims had cor pulmonale. The cellulose crystals induced foreign body granulomas when extravasated subcutaneously at injection sites on the arms, as well as in the right ventricular endocardium. Cellulose crystals have highly characteristic morphology and histochemical staining reactions that facilitate their recognition and their distinction from talc and starch. The latter substances also are used as fillers in tablets and capsules, and lodge in the pulmonary vessels of persons who inject them intravenously.
Feasibility of Large-Scale Orbital Solar/Thermal Power Generation (1974)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Der Methylsulfonyläthyloxycarbonyl‐Rest als reversible Aminoschutzgruppe für Insulin (1975)

Abstract Der Methylsulfonyläthyloxycarbonyl(Msc‐)Rest läßt sich spezifisch in die Aminogruppen von A 1‐Glycin und B29‐Lysin des Insulins einführen. Er erhöht die Löslichkeit des Insulins in polaren Lösungsmitteln. Diese Eigenschaft erleichtert die Reinigung von Msc 2 ‐Insulin durch Verteilungschromatographie. Die Abspaltung der Schutzgruppen gelingt durch kurzes Einwirken von verd. Natronlauge bei 0°C ohne bedeutende Schädigung des Moleküls. Nach chromatographischer Reinigung ist die Kristallisationsneigung des zurückgebildeten Insulins gegenüber nativem Material nicht verändert. Die biologische Wirkung bleibt voll erhalten.
Monoclonal Gammopathy as a Determinant of Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. (2006)

Abstract Elevated serum free light chain (sFLC) concentrations are associated with glomerular and tubulointerstitial disease. We have analyzed a cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to determine the relationship between sFLC and clinical outcomes. 369 patients from the renal clinics at the Queen Elizabeth hospital in Birmingham were followed for a period of 8 years. We reviewed renal outcomes and all cause mortality over this period. sFLC levels were measured on baseline serum samples using a nephelometric immunoassay (The Binding Site Ltd.). The CKD patients had mean sFLC concentrations significantly higher than the normal population (kappa: 77 vs. 8.4mg/L p&lt;0.0001; lambda: 94.7 vs. 13.4mg/L p&lt;0.03). 65 patients (18%) had abnormal sFLC ratios suggesting clonal production of sFLC. There were 270 endpoints during follow-up (106 deaths and 164 end stage renal failures). By Kaplan Meier survival analysis an abnormal sFLC ratio is significantly associated with a worse composite outcome (p&lt;0.02), with the dominant factor being the progression of renal impairment to end stage disease. This is the first study to assess if an abnormal sFLC ratio is predictive of outcomes in patients with CKD. These findings provide the basis for further work to evaluate whether monoclonal FLCs are prognostic of a worse outcome in patients with CKD.
Antinociception following implantation of mouse B16 melanoma cells in mouse and rat spinal cord (1994)

B16 F1C29 melanoma cells, which are thought to contain and release catecholamines, were implanted in mouse and rat spinal subarachnoid space. B16 F1C29 cell implants augmented the antinociceptive effect of morphine in tail-flick test, and this interaction was blocked by either the alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist idazoxan or the opioid antagonist naloxone. B16 F1C29 cell implants also augmented the antinociceptive effect of the catecholamine re-uptake blocker desipramine. Substance P-induced biting and scratching behaviors were inhibited in mice receiving B16 F1C29 cell implants, and this effect of B16 F1C29 cell implants was blocked by the alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist idazoxan. Mice receiving B16 F1C29 cell implants showed tolerance to intrathecal administration of the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist UK 14304. These results suggest that B16 cell implant-induced antinociception was mediated by catecholamines secreted from the cell implants and acting at spinal alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. Spinal implantation of catecholamine-releasing cells may provide an alternative approach for the therapy of chronic intractable pain and a useful model to study alpha 2-adrenergic receptor tolerance.
Well-Defined Brush Copolymers with High Grafting Density of Amphiphilic Side Chains by Combination of ROP, ROMP, and ATRP (2008)

This work reports a facile strategy for the preparation of a novel well-defined brush copolymer with two different grafts distributed on the same unit along the backbone via combination of three controlled polymerization methods, ring-opening polymerization (ROP), ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) based on the synthesis of the heterotrifunctional inimer, 2-hydroxymethyl-3-(2-bromoisobutyryloxymethyl)-5-norbornene (NBE-OH/Br). ROP of ε-caprolactone initiated by NBE-OH/Br was carried out to generate macroinimer, norbornene-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone)/Br (NBE-g- PCL/Br). The grafting-through strategy was then employed to construct the polymer backbone, poly(norbornene)-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone)/Br (PNBE-g-PCL/Br) via ROMP of the norbornene-terminated macroinimer NBE-g-PCL/Br. Finally, the grafting-from route was used for the synthesis of amphiphilic grafted brush copolymer, poly(norbornene)-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PNBE-g-PCL/PDMAEMA) by ATRP of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate using bromo-functionalized ROMP product PNBE-g-PCL/Br as macroinitiators, containing one hydrophobic PCL graft and one hydrophilic PDMAEMA graft on each unit of the backbone.
Extracting Java library subsets for deployment on embedded systems (2003)

Embedded systems provide means for enhancing the functionality delivered by small-sized electronic devices such as hand-held computers and cellular phones. Java is a programming language which incorporates a number of features that are useful for developing such embedded systems. However the size and the complexity of the Java language and its libraries have slowed its adoption for embedded systems, due to the processing power and storage space limitations found in these systems. A common approach to address storage space limitations is for the vendor to offer special versions of the libraries with reduced functionality and size to meet the constraints of embedded systems. This paper presents a technique that is used for dynamically selecting, on an as needed basis, the subset of library entities that is exactly required for a given Java application to run. This subset can then be down-loaded to the device for execution. The advantage of this approach is that the developer can use arbitrary libraries, instead of being restricted to those which have been adapted for embedded systems by the vendors. A prototype system, that dynamically builds library subsets on an as needed per application basis, has been built and tested on several mid-size Java applications with positive results.
CMP Fill Synthesis: A Survey of Recent Studies (2007)

We survey recent research and practice in the area of chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) fill synthesis, in terms of both problem formulations and solution approaches. We review the CMP as the planarization technique of choice for multilevel very large-scale integration metallization processes. Post-CMP wafer topography varies according to pattern density. We review density-analysis methods and density-control objectives that are used in today's fill-synthesis algorithms. In addition, we discuss the concept of design-driven fill synthesis that seeks to optimize CMP fill with respect to objectives beyond mere density uniformity. Design-driven fill synthesis minimizes the impact of CMP fill on design performance and parametric yield while still satisfying the density criteria that are motivated by manufacturing models. We conclude with a discussion of where CMP fill synthesis may be naturally integrated within future design and manufacturing flows.
Stereocontrolled Mannich Reaction with Enolizable Imines Using (<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-(<i>+</i>)-Pseudoephedrine as Chiral Auxiliary. Asymmetric Synthesis of α,β-Disubstituted β-Aminoesters and β-Lactams (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTStereocontrolled Mannich Reaction with Enolizable Imines Using (S,S)-(+)-Pseudoephedrine as Chiral Auxiliary. Asymmetric Synthesis of α,β-Disubstituted β-Aminoesters and β-LactamsJose L. Vicario, Dolores Badía, and Luisa CarrilloView Author Information Departamento de Química Orgánica II, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain %[email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 26, 9030–9032Publication Date (Web):November 29, 2001Publication History Received10 July 2001Published online29 November 2001Published inissue 1 December 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo010697mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo010697mbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views929Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Amides,Azomethine,Enolates,Lithium Get e-Alerts
Kinetic Modeling of Alcohol Oligomerization over Calcium Hydroxyapatite (2020)

Guerbet coupling to oligomerize ethanol to heavy alcohols over a hydroxyapatite (HAP) catalyst is explored through the development and application of a reaction kinetics model that describes coupling to higher alcohols, condensation to “interrupted coupling products” such as dienes and aromatics, and direct unimolecular dehydration to monoenes. The kinetic data collected to develop this model includes ethanol, 1-butanol, and water–ethanol feeds at 350 °C, 1 bar, and between 3 and 20% conversion over HAP. The model consists of nine kinetic parameters describing 647 reactions among 185 alcohols. Inhibition from byproduct water leads to decreases in reaction rates and alcohol selectivities as conversion increases, which the model can accurately predict at 60% conversion at over 8 times the highest contact time used in model development. The modified step-growth kinetics underlying the model also accurately predict alcohol distributions at this conversion. Further extrapolations clarify how these kinetics (modified step growth wherein branched alcohols do not act nucleophilically) in addition to inhibition and side reactions affect the potential use of direct ethanol oligomerization to selectively produce heavy alcohols with HAP. Further deviations from step-growth kinetics can be modeled via manipulation of the apparent nucleophilicity and electrophilicity of ethanol relative to higher alcohols. Catalysts that could increase the nucleophilicity would lead to higher product linearities, while catalysts that decrease the electrophilicity would lead to heavier alcohol distributions at fixed conversion.
Efficient Polarization Diversity Grating Couplers in Bonded InP-Membrane (2008)

We report on the design, fabrication, and measurement of compact and efficient grating couplers between fiber and nanophotonic waveguides, in a polarization diversity configuration. This approach allows for polarization-independent integrated circuits. The gratings and waveguides are fabricated in a benzocyclobutene (BCB)-bonded InP-membrane, with high vertical refractive index contrast. The coupling loss of the gratings is 3.3 dB and the measured polarization-dependent loss is 0.79 dB.
Rapid prototype of a fast data encryption standard with integrity processing for cryptographic applications (2002)

In this paper we present the design of a chip for real-time cryptographic processing in industrial applications. The chip acts as a co-processor of a system for the automatic ciphering and data integrity processing: it implements the DES/MAC algorithm (Data Encryption Standard/Message Authentication Code) in the same silicon area with high speed performance. These research come within a process aiming at reaching an implementation onto specialised pipeline and parallel architecture from algorithm specification. The design has been performed in rapid prototype ACTEL Programmable Gate Array Device using an approach based on high level transformations on the VHDL specifications. This paper is in part of an European Program which aims to design a macro cell library for cryptographic applications.
Super-resolution two-photon microscopy via scanning patterned illumination (2015)

We developed two-photon scanning patterned illumination microscopy (2P-SPIM) for super-resolution two-photon imaging. Our approach used a traditional two-photon microscopy setup with temporally modulated excitation to create patterned illumination fields. Combing nine different illuminations and structured illumination reconstruction, super-resolution imaging was achieved in two-photon microscopy. Using 2P-SPIM we achieved a lateral resolution of 141 nm, which represents an improvement by a factor of 1.9 over the corresponding diffraction limit. We further demonstrated super-resolution cellular imaging by 2P-SPIM to image actin cytoskeleton in mammalian cells and three-dimensional imaging in highly scattering retinal tissue.
Pathogenic Role of a Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) in Murine IgA Nephropathy (2015)

A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. Despite advances in clinical and genetic studies, the details of the pathological roles of APRIL in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) remain to be fully defined. The present study aimed to further assess the pathological role of APRIL using a mouse model of IgAN. Mice with IgAN designated "grouped ddY" (gddY) were intraperitoneally administered an anti-APRIL monoclonal antibody (anti-APRIL Ab) or control IgG (Control Ab) twice each week for 2 weeks starting during the early stage of IgAN (6-7 weeks of age). Urinary albumin, serum IgA, and glomerular IgA deposition were evaluated. We further assessed the inflammatory responses during treatment by measuring the levels of the chemokine fractalkine (FKN) and its receptor CX3CR1 as well as the level of peripheral blood monocytosis. Anti-APRIL Ab treatment significantly decreased albuminuria and tissue damage combined with decreases in serum IgA levels and deposition of glomerular IgA. In contrast, the abundance of IgA+/B220+ or CD138+/B220+ B cells in the spleen and bone marrow, respectively, was unchanged. Treating gddY mice with anti-April Ab reduced the overexpression of FKN/CX3CR1 in the kidney and the increase in the population of circulating Gr1-/CD115+ monocytes. The size of the population of Gr1-/CD115+ monocytes correlated with renal FKN and urinary albumin levels. Moreover, mice treated with anti-APRIL Ab exhibited reduced progression of IgAN, serum IgA levels, and glomerular IgA deposition as well as an attenuated inflammatory process mediated by FKN-associated activation of monocytes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to implicate the APRIL signal transduction pathway in the pathogenesis of nephrogenic IgA production. Moreover, our findings identify APRIL as a potential target of therapy.
<i>The Theory of Transformations in Metals and Alloys</i> (1966)

Part I General introduction. Formal geometry of crystal lattices. The theory of reaction rates. The thermodynamics of irreversable processes. The structure of real metals. Solids solutions. The theory of dislocations. Polycrystalline aggregates. Diffusion in the solid state. The classical theory of nucleation. Theory of thermally activated growth. Formal theory of transformation kinetics. Part II Growth from the vapour phase. Solidification and melting. Polymorphic Changes. Precipitation from supersaturated solid solution. Eutectoidal transformations. Order-disorder transformations. Recovery recrystalisation and grain growth. Deformation twinning. Characteristics of martensic transformations. Crystallography of martensitic transformations. Kinetics of martensitic transformations. Rapid solidification. Bainite steels. Shape memory alloys.
Measurement of Energy, Power Quality and Efficiency in Smart Grid (2014)

During the deployment of smart grid, the measurement technologies for energy balance, efficiency and power quality are evolving. Smart meter, as well as advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), is the fundamental characteristics that differentiate the smart grid from the traditional power grid. They are cost-effective and maximize energy efficiency. This chapter presents the smart meter and AMI for smart grid, and reviews the measurement progress of power quality. Also, one of the aims of the smart grid is to integrate the clean energy power generation source. Due to the intermittency of the power sources such as wind power and solar power, it is important to measure and predict the output of such a power generation system. The prediction of solar power output by cloud measurement and wind measurement as well as prediction in a wind farm are presented.
A power conditioning system for a hybrid energy system with photovoltaic and sodium-sulfur battery (2007)

A power conditioning system combing with photovoltaic array, sodium-sulfur battery and flywheel energy storage system is presented, which is used to improve the power quality of the low-voltage gird in China. All the three energy sources are connected to the common DC bus by different power electronics interfaces. The functions and specifications of the system are studied, and then the selections of appropriate topologies for those power electronics interfaces are investigated in details.