gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoacoustic imaging using array transducer (2007)

To perform ultrasound imaging using an array transducer, a focused ultrasound beam is transmitted in a particular direction within the tissue and the received backscattered ultrasound wave is then dynamically focused at every position along the beam. The ultrasound beam is scanned over the desired region to form an image. The photoacoustic imaging, however, is distinct from conventional ultrasound imaging. In photoacoustic imaging the acoustic transients are generated simultaneously in the entire volume of the irradiated tissue - no transmit focusing is possible due to light scattering in the tissue. The photoacoustic waves are then recorded on every element of the ultrasound transducer array at once and processed to form an image. Therefore, compared to ultrasound imaging, photoacoustic imaging can utilize dynamic receive focusing only. In this paper, we describe the image formation algorithms of the array-based photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging system and present methods to improve the quality of photoacoustic images. To evaluate the performance of photoacoustic imaging using an array transducer, numerical simulations and phantom experiments were performed. First, to evaluate spatial resolution, a point source was imaged using a combined ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging system. Next, image quality was assessed by imaging tissue imaging phantoms containing a circular inclusion. Finally, the photoacoustic and ultrasound images from the combined imaging system were analyzed.
Commuter-Based Carsharing (2004)

The automobile accounts for more than 95 percent of all person miles traveled in the United States, whereas transit accounts for less than 3 percent of all trips. Between the private automobile and traditional transit, niche markets exist for other transportation services, such as airport and transit feeder shuttles and carsharing. Commuter-based carsharing, by which individuals share a fleet of vehicles linked to transit, could potentially fill and expand one such niche; complement existing services, mainly transit and feeder shuttles; and develop into a viable transportation alternative. A brief overview is presented of transit feeder services, particularly in Northern California. The CarLink I field test is describedâa commuter-based carsharing model developed and tested in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1999. Key behavioral findings arte highlighted. Recommendations are made for strengthening the viability of this innovative service, mainly on the basis of experience from the CarLink I field test. Empirical evidence suggests that CarLink could be sustainable if certain conditions exist: strong cooperation with local businesses and transit is established; parking limitations and congestion are prevalent; system feasibility is demonstrated; incentives are used (e.g., preferred parking and transit pass subsidies); higher user fees are generated; and technology and management costs are lowered. Further, CarLinkâs long-term potential and viability could be strengthened by a combination of approaches, including cost reduction strategies, policy incentives, linkages to other complementary services (e.g., ridesharing), and local program support (e.g., demonstration grans).
Development of software of the pulse wave data analysis and management system (2012)

In order to more conveniently and efficiently manage pulse wave collected in clinical, designed a friendly interface of human-computer interaction system to automatically analyze the descriptive parameters of pulse wave, recognize the types of pulse waves based on the BP network, and establish a database to help users manage the pulse wave data. The software design is realized by using MATLAB. Includes five functional modules-data acquisition, data analysis and processing, the recognition for the types of pulse waves based on the BP neural network, pulse wave database and help file. Finally, in order to verify the performance of the software design, use the system to collect and analyze the data of pulse wave of 40 subjects in clinical.
KIR2DL4 Is an IL-2-Regulated NK Cell Receptor That Exhibits Limited Expression in Humans but Triggers Strong IFN-γ Production (2003)

Killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR)2DL4 (2DL4, CD158d) was previously described as the only KIR expressed by every human NK cell. It is also structurally atypical among KIRs because it possesses a basic transmembrane residue, which is characteristic of many activating receptors, but also contains a cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). We expressed epitope-tagged 2DL4 in an NK-like cell line to study receptor function. Three distinct 2DL4 cDNA clones were analyzed: one encoding the "conventional" 2DL4 with the cytoplasmic ITIM (2DL4.1) and two encoding different cytoplasmic truncated forms lacking the ITIM (2DL4.2 and 2DL4(*)). Surprisingly, one truncated receptor (2DL4.2), which is the product of a prevalent human 2DL4 allele, was not expressed on the cell surface, indicating that some individuals may lack functional 2DL4 protein expression. Conversely, both 2DL4.1 and 2DL4(*) were expressed on the cell surface and up-regulated by IL-2. Analysis of primary NK cells with anti-2DL4 mAb confirmed the lack of surface expression in a donor with the 2DL4.2 genotype. Donors with the 2DL4.1 genotype occasionally expressed receptor only on CD56(high) NK cells, although their expression was up-regulated by IL-2. Interestingly, Ab engagement of epitope-tagged 2DL4 triggered rapid and robust IFN-gamma production, but weak redirected cytotoxicity in an NK-like cell line, which was the opposite pattern to that observed upon engagement of another NK cell activating receptor, NKp44. Importantly, both 2DL4.1 and 2DL4(*) exhibited similar activation potential, indicating that the ITIM does not influence 2DL4.1 activating function. The unique activation properties of 2DL4 suggest linkage to a distinct signaling pathway.
Electromagnetic launch: a review of the U.S. National Program (1997)

The United States Program to use electric energy rather than chemical energy to propel materials to high velocity is now focused almost entirely on fundamental research efforts to provide an understanding of the critical research issues for selected military applications, specifically on applications of direct interest to the U.S. Army. Almost all of the applications envisioned since the inception of the program in the late 1970's still appear to be viable. But, the military interest to propel projectiles to higher and higher velocities for direct and indirect fire applications dominates the funding for research and consequently determines the current directions of the science and technology.
The Adobe Photoshop Express Beta Pocket Guide (2008)

Adobe Photoshop Express Beta is a free Rich Internet Application (RIA) that allows users to store, sort and display digital photos with eye-catching effects. Photoshop Express Beta allows users to store up to 2 gigabytes of images online for free, and lets users make edits to their photos and share them online in creative ways. For example, users can download and upload photos to and from various social networking and image-hosting sites, including Facebook, PhotoBucket, and Picasa. In this handy, low-priced guide, best-selling author Jeff Carlson walks you through the key new features of this exciting new Adobe application. After taking you on a tour of the Photoshop Express Beta interface, Jeff shows you how to assemble your library, which includes uploading and transferring photos from online services, editing your photo's metadata, and creating an album. You'll then move on to adjusting your photos--from basic editing techniques, such as crop and rotate, auto correct, red-eye removal and exposure--to creating more advanced effects. Finally, you'll learn everything you need to know to share your photos with others, including creating a gallery, sharing albums, exporting edited photos, and more.
High resolution melting analysis for detection of <i>BRAF</i> exon 15 mutations in hairy cell leukaemia and other lymphoid malignancies (2011)

The BRAF V600E mutation has recently been described in all cases of hairy cell leukaemia (HCL). We have developed and validated a rapid and sensitive high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) assay that detects BRAF exon 15 mutations when hairy cells are as low as 5-10% in a sample. All 48 HCL patients were positive for the BRAF V600E mutation, while 114 non-HCL cases were all V600E negative. Interestingly, we detected a novel BRAF D594N mutation in one patient with multiple myeloma. The HRMA assay offers a useful tool to aid the laboratory diagnosis of HCL.
Patellofemoral Disorders (1984)

A radiographic study of 45 knees immediately and at least two years after operation showed that the average depth of cement penetration was 1.5-3.0 mm at different locations around the interface and that there was a strong inverse relation between the development of radiolucency and initial cement penetration. In laboratory studies of penetration in the upper tibia, penetration was approximately proportional to bone pore diameter and to the square root of the applied pressure and inversely proportional to the time after initial mixing. There was a low correlation of the tensile strength of the cement-bone bond with the depth of penetration, probably due to the variability of the trabecular bone strength. Failure occurred by direct cement pullout or by partial or total fracture through the bone. In light of all factors, the suggested ideal depth of cement penetration is 3-4 mm. This penetration can be achieved by using the left-lift method about four minutes after initial cement mixing, but with some selective prepenetration around the periphery of the tibia.
A Delta-Sigma Based Buck Converter - Design Methodology for Wireless Systems (2013)

Wireless systems customarily use LDO for excellent noise performance at the expense of poor power efficiency. Switching regulators using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controllers offer better efficiency but have greater magnitude spurs at multiples of the clock frequency. In this paper, a switching regulator that uses a delta sigma (ΔΣ) controller is considered as a substitute to provide both high power efficiency and improved spurious performance. Tradeoffs in selecting the ΔΣ parameters are investigated for several wireless standards such as WIFI, Bluetooth, GSM, W-CDMA, HSPA, LTE and WIMAX. Simulations in 0.5 µm CMOS technology, performed for key parameters such as spurious performance, efficiency and transient response show that the ΔΣ controller having 3 rd order and over sampling ratio (OSR) of 32 can meet the stringent spectral conditions of a GSM system by a 10 dB margin. It also has 8% better power efficiency compared to the PWM controller. The performance of using this ΔΣ buck regulator for dynamically changing load applications is also analyzed. It is shown that for a 13% change in output voltage VOUT, the ΔΣ buck regulator can still meet the spurious constraints of the GSM system.
Integrating CAM and process simulation to enhance on-line analysis and control of IC fabrication (1990)

The integration of a process simulator with a commercial computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) system to provide a set of powerful tools for process analysis, diagnosis, and control is described. The CAM system acts as the interface to the simulator and maintains the simulation control data as part of the process specification. Making process simulation available in a manufacturing environment allows engineers to intuitively investigate the process, thus aiding their understanding of the interrelation of process steps. A microprocessing scenario in an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) facility is used to demonstrate how the system can be used to analyze options for corrective processing. It can also be used for documenting processes, to simplify process transfer and implementation, and for investigating the effect of corrective processing on device reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly Bendable, Conductive, and Transparent Film by an Enhanced Adhesion of Silver Nanowires (2013)

Recently, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have attracted considerable interest for their potential application in flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs). One challenge for the commercialization of AgNW-based TCFs is the low conductivity and stability caused by the weak adhesion forces between the AgNWs and the substrate. Here, we report a highly bendable, conductive, and transparent AgNW film, which consists of an underlying poly(diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride) (PDDA) and AgNW composite bottom layer and a top layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled graphene oxide (GO) and PDDA overcoating layer (OCL). We demonstrated that PDDA could increase the adhesion between the AgNW and the substrate to form a uniform AgNW network and could also serve to improve the stability of the GO OCL. Hence, a highly bendable, conductive, and transparent AgNW-PDDA-GO composite TCF on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate with Rs ≈ 10 Ω/sq and T ≈ 91% could be made by an all-solution processable method at room temperature. In addition, our AgNW-PDDA-GO composite TCF is stable without degradation after exposure to H2S gas or sonication.
Spatially Resolved Carrier Dynamics at MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> Single Crystal–Electrode Interface (2019)

Despite the rapid progress in organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) for applications such as solar cells and detectors, knowledge of coupling between electronic and ionic charge carrier dynamics is so far limited. While the presence of dual-conduction channels is widely accepted, the precise physical mechanisms governing the impact of electronic (e.g. electrons and holes) and ionic conduction, especially interface phenomena, remain uncertain. The lack of understanding stems largely from the lack of appropriate tools to capture the electrochemical dynamics on the length scales of the local inhomogeneities present (e.g., interfaces, grain boundaries, space charge regions) and time scales over which the coupled dynamics take place. Here, we implement Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) to explore the charge carrier dynamics at the methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr<sub>3</sub>) single crystal-gold electrode interface. In this work, the temporal dynamics of the electric field and charge carrier distribution at the electrode interface is spatially visualized by time-resolved KPFM mapping. The results demonstrate an interplay of several phenomena, including charge injection, recombination, and ion migration, leading to an unbalanced charge dynamic at MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> single crystal-electrode interface under forward and reverse bias conditions explaining the origin of the current-voltage hysteresis in these devices. We contrast the bias-assisted charge dynamics under both illuminated and dark conditions, providing a comprehensive picture of overall carrier dynamics and interface properties in a MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> single crystal with lateral symmetric Au electrodes. Remarkably, illumination leads to the formation of a wider space charge region due to accumulation of negative charges (both electrons and halide ions) at the positive electrode, which can effectively screen the external electric field leading to lower charge extraction efficiency. The results suggest that the choice of contact or interfacial engineering can control the performance of OIHP devices without requiring modification of the material's bulk properties.
A Multicenter Trial Evaluation of the Fibrin/Fibrinogen Degradation Products Test for Detection and Monitoring of Bladder Cancer (1997)

This simple, rapid (less than 7 minutes) point of care test is superior to conventional urine cytology and hemoglobin dipstick as an aid in the detection of bladder cancer.
Hugh T. Kerr. Sons of the Prophets. Leaders in Protestantism from Princeton Seminary (1965)

Robert Daniel. Hugh T. Kerr. Sons of the Prophets. Leaders in Protestantism from Princeton Seminary. In: Revue de l'histoire des religions, tome 168, n°1, 1965. pp. 111-112.
Posterior capsular opacification and intraocular lens decentration Part II: Experimental findings on a prototype circular intraocular lens design (1988)

In a prospective randomized study, 25 New Zealand white rabbit eyes were implanted with four intraocular lens (IOL) designs. These included a one-piece modified J-loop IOL, a three-piece modified J-loop IOL, a rigid disc IOL, and an experimental compressible disc (CD) IOL. The CD IOL revealed the lowest mean posterior capsular opacification (PCO) of all IOLs tested (P less than .01). With all lenses tested, a positive correlation between PCO and decentration was found (R = 0.55, P less than .05). These results suggest that because of its design features (i.e., one-piece construction, biconvex optic, posterior angulation of the fixation element), the CD lens produces a mechanical barrier against lens epithelial cell migration and reduces the incidence of PCO.
Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of N-(2,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamides (2015)

Comparison of active site residues of modelled h-GCAP with template h-PLAP.
Muscle-specific (CArG) and serum-responsive (SRE) promoter elements are functionally interchangeable in<i>Xenopus</i>embryos and mouse fibroblasts (1989)

The Xenopus cardiac actin gene contains four copies of a promoter element, the CArG box, which is conserved amongst striated muscle actin genes and is essential for tissue-specific expression in the developing Xenopus embryo. Our aim is to identify embryo and muscle proteins that interact with the CArG box as a step towards understanding the molecular basis of this developmentally regulated gene expression. The CArG box shares some sequence similarity with the Serum Response Element (SRE), which mediates the transcriptional activation by serum of genes such as c-fos and cytoskeletal actin. We show here that the most proximal cardiac actin CArG box is recognized by the same binding activity as the cytoskeletal actin SRE in nuclear extracts from both Xenopus embryos and mammalian muscle cells. This activity is indistinguishable from the previously characterized HeLa cell SRE-binding activity, Serum Response Factor (SRF). Importantly, we extend these in vitro studies to demonstrate that the CArG box and SRE are functionally interchangeable, both in Xenopus embryos and mouse fibroblasts. This implies that the CArG box and SRE can bind the same protein in vivo, as well as in vitro. Our results identify an SRF-like protein as a CArG box-binding factor and we discuss the implication that a common mechanism may be utilized in both muscle-specific gene expression and serum-responsive transcription.
Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Outcome Is Predicted by Left Atrial Remodeling on MRI (2013)

Atrial SRM is identified on LGE-MRI, and extensive LGE (≥30% LA wall enhancement) predicts poor response to catheter ablation therapy for AF.
APW Band Structure of Cubic BaPb<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Bi<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>3</sub> (1987)

The self-consistent APW band calculations for the materials of the ideal perovskite structure, BaPbO 3 and BaBiO 3 and the Nail type super-cell structure BaPb 0.5 Bi 0.5 O 3 have been done using the local density approximation. In both BaPbO 3 and BaBiO 3 , the bonding-antibonding splitting of the (Pb, Bi) 6s and O 2p states makes a pair of wide bands of about 15 eV width. At the center of these s-p bands, there are non-bonding O 2p bands with about 4 eV width. The character of these bands is substantially different from the previously reported results of LAPW method. In BaPb 0.5 Bi 0.5 O 3 , due to the potential difference between Pb and Bi sites, each bonding and antibonding s-p band splits into two subbands but the split antibonding bands overlap each other slightly. This result refuses the possibility of the gap formation in the Bi-rich alloys due to the charge density wave because the ordered BaPb 0.5 Bi 0.5 O 3 offers the upper limit of the charge density in the present system. Then the origin of the insulator property is considered on the standpoint of the spin density wave formation on Bi sites.
Design of Dual Circularly Polarized Sequentially-Fed Patch Antennas for Satellite Applications (2020)

In this paper, we present the design and fabrication of two dual circularly polarized (CP) patch antennas that can be profitably used as feeders for reflector systems normally adopted for satellite applications. In the first part of the manuscript, we propose the optimization of a dual-CP patch antenna, loaded by a fence of passive monopoles around it to increase antenna gain for high elevation angles. To achieve dual-CP operation mode, the circular patch has been sequentially-fed by three pins, whose mutual phase-shift is equal to 120 ∘ . The antenna feeding network was placed on the antenna back and designed using microstrip technology. Two different input ports provide both right-hand (RH) and left-hand (LH) circular polarizations. A prototype of such an antenna was fabricated and measured at f = 8 . 25 GHz. Furthermore, to test the versatility of the proposed single radiating patch, in the second part of the manuscript, we present the results of geometrically scaling at f = 2 . 2 GHz (higher UHF band) and this was used as a building block for the design of a dual-CP sequentially-fed 2-by-2 array antenna. The results for both the proposed antennas are satisfactory in terms of impedance bandwidth, broad radiation pattern, gain and cross-polarization rejection, thus they can be profitably used as feeders for reflectors at relatively low frequencies.
A method of limiting the processing delay of the improved multi-stage variable group hybrid interference cancellation scheme for CDMA systems (2003)

The improved variable group hybrid interference cancellation (I-VGHIC) proposed by Ang and Krzymien (see Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Comms., Osaka, Japan, 1999) outperforms both the parallel (PIC) and successive (SIC) interference cancellation in AWGN and flat Rayleigh fading channels. Due to the adaptive nature of the I-VGHIC, its processing delay varies according to the signal power spread of the users seen at the base station. The processing delay of the I-VGHIC is shown to be smaller than that of the SIC when the number of users is large. A method of limiting the I-VGHIC processing delay is proposed. There is no performance loss in the AWGN channel. However, in Rayleigh fading channel, there is a trade off between the BER performance and processing delay.
Dual control of closed-loop stepping motor precision servo (1999)

Stepping motors when commuted by feedback of rotor position have controllable ripple characteristics via varying both magnitude and lead angle of the driving voltage waveform. This paper describes how the two control parameters, magnitude and lead angle, may be used together in a dual control strategy to help minimize torque ripple at high speed as well as at low speed for improved position tracking accuracy. Experimental results of motor characteristics under dual control are presented. Characteristic of this dual control strategy is further demonstrated by its application in a positioning servo on an X-Y table. The positioning and profile tracking results have shown its capability for many high precision motion control applications beyond the resolution of stepping motors.