gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New synthesis of cortico steroids from 17-keto steroids: application and stereochemical study of the unsaturated sulfoxide-sulfenate rearrangement (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNew synthesis of cortico steroids from 17-keto steroids: application and stereochemical study of the unsaturated sulfoxide-sulfenate rearrangementVerlan VanRheenen and K. Paul ShephardCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 9, 1582–1584Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01323a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01323a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views627Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhanced Copper Surface Protection in Aqueous Solutions Containing Short-Chain Alkanoic Acid Potassium Salts (2007)

The ability of dissolved potassium monocarboxylate salts to produce surface passivation and to inhibit aqueous corrosion of copper was studied. The electrochemical measurements indicate that the inhibiting efficiency of these compounds, with a general formula Cn-1H2n-1COOK or CnK (n=3...12), is dependent on the hydrocarbon chain length. The inhibiting efficiency was higher for a longer hydrocarbon chain of n-alkanoic acid. The degree of copper protection was found to increase with an increase in n-alkanoic acid potassium salt concentration; the optimum concentration of potassium dodecanoate (C12K) in sulfate solutions was found to be 0.07 M. The protective layers formed at the copper surface subsequent to exposure in various n-alkanoic acid potassium salt solutions were characterized by contact angle measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy. Pronounced copper protection was attributed to the growth of a protective film on the copper surface, containing both copper oxides and copper carboxylate compounds. It is suggested that the organic molecules enhance copper protection by covering copper oxides with a thin and dense organic layer, which prevents water molecules or aggressive anions from interacting with the copper surface.
Improving gate oxide integrity in p/sup +/pMOSFET by using large grain size polysilicon gate (2002)

The effect of polysilicon grain size on the gate oxide integrity in p/sup +/pMOS devices was investigated by measuring the electrical characteristics of a MOS capacitor. Good gate oxide integrity was never obtained when using conventional polysilicon with a small (/spl sim/0.05 /spl mu/m) grain size. We report for the first time use of large (/spl sim/1.0 /spl mu/m) grain size polysilicon to solve this problem for gate oxide quality. Additionally, in large-grain-size polysilicon, the efficiency of boron activation was increased and boron diffusion through the gate oxide into the channel region was strongly suppressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Trimethoprim–Sulfadimidine 1:2 Molecular Complex Monohydrate (1997)

In the title compound, C14H18N4O3.2C12H14N4O2S.H2O, trimethoprim [5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4­diamine, TMP] interacts with one sulfadimidine [4-amino-N-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide, SDMD] molecule through two N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds forming an eight-membered ring, as in the 1:1 methanolate complex, with no proton transfer from the imino sulfonamide N atom to the pyrimidine N atom of the partner. Association with the second sulfadimidine molecule (SDMD') occurs through an N-H⋯N interaction involving the same pyrimidine N atom of TMP (which therefore acts as a double acceptor) and the NH imino group of the sulfonamide. The water mol­ecule bridges the sulfonamido O atom and the p-aminophenyl group of SDMD' of two molecular complex units.
The effective evaluation of "internet+iMedLib" health education on pregnant women (2017)

Objective
To explore the effective evaluation of internet+iMedLibhealth education on pregnant women.


Methods
Totally 200 pregnant women who established pregnancy care manual and were about to deliver babies in Shaoxing Women & Children′s Hospital from June to October in 2016 were selected. The pregnant women were randomized into the experimental group and the control group. The health education model of internet+iMedLibwere used for the pregnant women of the experimental group, when they established the pregnancy care manual for the first time. Health education prescriptions were handed out, and health related knowledge were communicated face to face for the control group. Finally the experimental group had 96 cases pregnant women, and the control group 94 cases. After delivery, self-care ability, delivery style and satisfaction were investigated and analyzed.


Results
The scores of pregnant women′s self-care ability in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (t=2.137-6.155, P < 0.05 or 0.01). The eutocia rate of the experimental group was 81.3% (78/96), higher than that of the control group (63.8%, 60/94) (χ2=7.251, P < 0.01). The average time of nurse′s health education in the experimental group were (5.6 ± 1.3) min, less than that of the control group (15.2 ± 1.2) min (t=-52.863, P < 0.01). The satisfaction rate of the experimental group were higher than that of the control group (Z=-6.609, P < 0.05).


Conclusions
The model of internet+iMedLib on pregnant women can not only improve the effect of health education and satisfaction of hospital service, but also they can greatly liberate nurse′s productivity and health education time. The health education model of internet+iMedLib is worth being promoted.


Key words: 
Internet; Pregnant women; Health education
Catalytic Enantioselective Friedel−Crafts Reactions of Aromatic Compounds with Glyoxylate:  A Simple Procedure for the Synthesis of Optically Active Aromatic Mandelic Acid Esters (2000)

The first catalytic highly enantioselective Friedel−Crafts reaction of aromatic compounds with glyoxylate catalyzed by chiral Lewis acids is presented. The reaction has been developed for mainly aromatic amines reacting with ethyl glyoxylate in the presence of chiral bisoxazoline−copper(II) complexes as the catalyst. A series of chiral bisoxazoline−copper(II) complexes have been tested as catalysts for the reaction with N,N-dimethylaniline and it has been found that a highly regio- and enantioselective Friedel−Crafts reaction takes place in the presence of especially tert-butyl bisoxazoline−copper(II). This reaction proceeds with the formation of exclusively the para-substituted isomer in up to 95% yield and 94% ee. The reaction has been investigated for N,N-dimethylaniline under different reaction conditions and has been developed to be a catalytic highly enantioselective reaction for meta-substituted N,N-dimethylanilines, containing either electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents. The catalytic enantioselective Friedel−Crafts reaction also proceeds well for cyclic aromatic amines such as N-methylindoline, N-methyltetrahydroquinoline, and julolidine, where up to 91% yield and 93% ee are obtained. For polyaromatic amines high yields, but moderate ee values, of the Friedel−Crafts products are obtained. To enhance the potential of the reaction the N,N-dimethyl- and N-methyl substituents can be removed successfully leading to either the mono-N-methyl product or the free amine. The latter class of products allow for the introduction of a variety of other substituents on the aromatic nucleus. The catalytic enantioselective reaction also proceeds for heteroaromatic compounds such as 2-substituted furans which react with glyoxylate as well as trifluoropyruvates, giving up to 89% ee of the Friedel−Crafts products. Furthermore, ethyl trifluoropyruvate reacts in a highly enantioselective reaction with m-methoxyanisole to give the corresponding Friedel−Crafts product in good yield. On the basis of the experimental results and the absolute configuration of the products, the mechanism for this catalytic highly enantioselective Friedel−Crafts reaction is presented.
Duloxetine in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (2002)

These data indicate that duloxetine is efficacious for the treatment of major depressive disorder and is well tolerated and safe.
Analysis of the primary structure of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 cDNA from Werner syndrome fibroblasts (1993)

The mRNA encoding insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is equally overexpressed in late-passage (old) normal human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) and in HDF derived from individuals with the premature aging disorder Werner syndrome (WS), relative to early-passage (young) normal HDF. However, the accumulation of IGFBP-3 protein in medium conditioned by WS cells is substantially less than in medium of old cells. In an attempt to understand this disparity between mRNA levels and protein output, we determined the nucleotide sequence of IGFBP-3 cDNA isolated from a WS cDNA library derived from mRNA of WS HDF, and compared it to three published normal IGFBP-3 DNA sequences. In the open reading frame, our results differed from one of the three sequences by a glycine substitution for alanine at residue 32. Minor differences in the 3'-untranslated region between the WS cDNA sequence and all three of the normal DNA sequences were also detected as 12 individual base substitutions and one adenine insertion. Thus, dampened accumulation of IGFBP-3 in medium conditioned by WS cells is not due to significant alterations in the sequence of the cognate mRNA.
Hybrid Membrane Cryogenic Process for Post–combustion Co2 Capture (2012)

International audience
<title>Applications for the MATILDA robotic platform</title> (2002)

Most robotic platforms have, up to this point, been designed with emphasis placed on improving mobility technologies. Minimal emphasis has been placed on payloads and mission execution. Using a top-down approach, Mesa Associates, Inc. identified specific UGV mission applications and structured its MATILDA platform using these applications for vehicle mobility and motion control requirements. Specific applications identified for the MATILDA platform include: Target surveillance, explosive device neutralization, material pickup and transport, weapon transport and firing, and law enforcement. Current performance results, lessons-learned, technical hurdles, and future applications are examined.
Chemical Reactivity of Polypyrrole and Its Relevance to Polypyrrole Based Electrochemical Sensors (2006)

Abstract One of the most frequently used conducting polymers, polypyrrole, can take part in chemical processes with typical components of ambient media: oxygen, acids, bases, redox reactants, water, and organic vapors; it can also incorporate nonreactive ions and surfactants from solutions. The influence of such processes on changes of the polymer structure, composition and on possible degradation is analyzed. The benefits and disadvantages of such processes for analytical characteristic of polypyrrole based electrochemical sensors are considered. This discussion is focused on potentiometric ion sensors, where polypyrrole is either a receptor membrane or an ion‐to‐electron transducer placed between a solid state electrode support and a typical ion‐selective membrane.
Phase relations in the system of (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–PbTiO3. I. Structure (1996)

The region of the (Na1/2Bi1/2)1−xPbxTiO3 phase diagram from 0≤x≤0.2 was established through analysis of structure and thermal anomalies associated with changes in temperature and composition. The rhombohedral-tetragonal morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was investigated considering the dependence of the rhombohedral lattice distortion of (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3 (NBT) on chemical stoichiometry and fabrication processes. It was found that the MPB would lie in the composition range 0.13&lt;x&lt;0.15 when the lattice constant and lattice distortion of (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3 are 3.886 Å and 89.6°, respectively. The phase transition sequence of (Na1/2Bi1/2)1−xPbxTiO3 was rhombohedral↔tetragonal↔cubic as that of pure NBT when x was less than MPB composition. However, the intermediate tetragonal phase has either low tetragonal distortion for compositions with x&lt;xrc (composition where rhombohedral↔cubic transition exists) or high tetragonal distortion for compositions with x≳xrc. The changes in structure and phase transition behavior of this solid solution system with temperature and composition are discussed.
Semantic Filtering by inference on domain knowledge in spoken language dialogue systems (2000)

General natural dialogue processing requires large amounts of domain knowledge as well as linguistic knowledge in order to ensure acceptable coverage and understanding. There are several ways of integrating lexical resources (e.g. dictionaries, thesauri) and knowledge bases or ontologies at different levels of dialogue processing. We concentrate in this paper on how to exploit domain knowledge for filtering interpretation hypotheses generated by a robust semantic parser. We use domain knowledge to semantically constrain the hypothesis space. Moreover, adding an inference mechanism allows us to complete the interpretation when information is not explicitly available. Further, we discuss briefly how this can be generalized towards a predictive natural interactive system.
Emergent Biosynthetic Capacity in Simple Microbial Communities (2014)

Microbes have an astonishing capacity to transform their environments. Yet, the metabolic capacity of a single species is limited and the vast majority of microorganisms form complex communities and join forces to exhibit capabilities far exceeding those achieved by any single species. Such enhanced metabolic capacities represent a promising route to many medical, environmental, and industrial applications and call for the development of a predictive, systems-level understanding of synergistic microbial capacity. Here we present a comprehensive computational framework, integrating high-quality metabolic models of multiple species, temporal dynamics, and flux variability analysis, to study the metabolic capacity and dynamics of simple two-species microbial ecosystems. We specifically focus on detecting emergent biosynthetic capacity--instances in which a community growing on some medium produces and secretes metabolites that are not secreted by any member species when growing in isolation on that same medium. Using this framework to model a large collection of two-species communities on multiple media, we demonstrate that emergent biosynthetic capacity is highly prevalent. We identify commonly observed emergent metabolites and metabolic reprogramming patterns, characterizing typical mechanisms of emergent capacity. We further find that emergent secretion tends to occur in two waves, the first as soon as the two organisms are introduced, and the second when the medium is depleted and nutrients become limited. Finally, aiming to identify global community determinants of emergent capacity, we find a marked association between the level of emergent biosynthetic capacity and the functional/phylogenetic distance between community members. Specifically, we demonstrate a "Goldilocks" principle, where high levels of emergent capacity are observed when the species comprising the community are functionally neither too close, nor too distant. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential to design and engineer synthetic communities capable of novel metabolic activities and point to promising future directions in environmental and clinical bioengineering.
Production of poly(β‐hydroxyalkanoates) with β‐substituents containing terminal ester groups by <i>Pseudomonas oleovorans</i> (1994)

Abstract Pseudomonas oleovorans was grown separately on the methyl, ethyl and tert ‐butyl esters of octanoic, nonanoic and decanoic acid in attempts to obtain poly(β‐hydroxyalkanoates), PHAs, with ester groups at the terminal position of the β‐substituent. The growth rate increased from methyl to tert ‐butyl esters, but the rate for the slowest growing substrates, the methyl esters, could be accelerated by using special feeding techniques, either by prefeeding with sodium acetate or by cofeeding with a good growth and polymer producing substrate, sodium octanoate. For the ethyl esters the prefeeding technique had minimal success, but a considerable increase of the growth rate was achieved by starting the bacterial growth with a pre‐culture that was grown on the substrate under investigation. Tert ‐butyl nonanoate as the substrate gave the most rapid growth, but the growth rate was not influenced by special feeding techniques. All of these substrates formed copolymers which contained up to eight different repeating units and some had terminal ester groups on alkane side chains of varying lengths. The use of methyl esters as substrates resulted in the incorporation of a reasonably high degree of pendant methyl ester groups in the polymer produced, and the amount of repeating units carrying pendant ester groups dependend directly on the oxygen supply available to the bacterial culture. The fermentation of substrates with ethyl ester groups resulted in the formation of copolymers containing either unsubstituted units or units containing either ethyl or methyl ester groups, or both. The reason for this unexpected behavior was not clarified. The large tert ‐butyl ester group was not maintained as a substituent group in the polymer, but instead, growth on this substrate always resulted in producing polymers consisting of the unsubstituted repeating units expected from the corresponding carboxylic acid alone.
Pirenzepine prevents cysteamine-induced formation of gastroduodenal ulcers and reduction of mesenteric circulation. (1990)

The effects of pirenzepine on gastric and duodenal ulceration and barrier mucus levels, as well as on changes of superior mesenteric artery diameter caused by cysteamine, were investigated in rats and compared with those of atropine. Cysteamine induced severe gastric and duodenal ulcers and decreased both barrier mucus levels and mesenteric blood flow. Pirenzepine reduced gastric and duodenal ulceration induced by cysteamine. Moreover, pirenzepine significantly increased basal mesenteric artery diameter and fully prevented cysteamine-induced decrease in mesenteric blood flow. Under the same conditions, atropine failed to prevent gastric and duodenal ulceration or mesenteric artery changes caused by cysteamine. Both pirenzepine and atropine were without any effect on cysteamine-induced inhibition of gastric and duodenal barrier mucus levels. The present results are consistent with the view that pirenzepine protects against gastroduodenal ulceration caused by cysteamine by increasing blood flow at the level of the ulcerated mucosa. The higher affinity of pirenzepine for the muscarinic receptors of sympathetic ganglia may explain the difference between the effects of pirenzepine and atropine. In addition to this, the measurement of superior mesenteric artery diameter changes may represent an accurate and reproducible method, suitable for studying the gastrointestinal protective mechanisms of the drugs.
Randomised clinical trial: gut microbiome biomarkers are associated with clinical response to a low <scp>FODMAP</scp> diet in children with the irritable bowel syndrome (2015)

In childhood IBS, a low FODMAP diet decreases abdominal pain frequency. Gut microbiome biomarkers may be associated with low FODMAP diet efficacy. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01339117.
Sidney Street and Jesus Lane to Castle Hill (2008)

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Towards standardized measurement of adverse events in spine surgery: conceptual model and pilot evaluation (2006)

Composite measures of disease severity and surgery invasiveness may allow development of risk-adjusted predictive models for adverse events in spine surgery. Standard measures of adverse events and risk adjustment may also facilitate post-marketing surveillance of spinal devices, effectiveness research, and quality improvement.
Biology of glucose metabolization in cancer cells (2017)

Cancer is a disease at the cellular level involving heritable disorders in cellular control mechanism. Cancer cells also need to adapt their metabolism to survive and multiply under the metabolically compromised conditions provided by the tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells alter their metabolism to maintain unregulated cellular proliferation and survival, but this transformation leaves them reliant on constant supply of nutrients and energy. They alter their metabolism to support their rapid proliferation and expansion across the body. After the discovery of based on the altered cancer cell metabolism in 1930, loads of studies have shed light on several aspects of cancer metabolism with a common goal to find new ways for effectively eliminating tumor cells by targeting their energy metabolism. Research has directed most of its resources to elucidate the causes, prevention and possible cure for cancer, yet the process has been elusive claiming human lives more than ever. This disease is a manifestation of etiological and pathological disturbances of mechanisms that control cell division, differentiation and metabolism. 50% of all human tumors carry genetic alterations that lead to the inactivation of some tumor suppressor proteins. Cancer cells are shown to experience characteristic changes in their metabolic programs, including increased uptake of glucose, enhanced rates of glutaminolysis and fatty acids synthesis, suggesting that metabolic shifts supports tumor cells growth and survival. In this review, we summarized the major concepts of glucose metabolization and explore the molecular basis of aerobic glycolysis of cancer cells.
AGEING AND DETOXICATION (1945)

The detoxifying capacity of the organism during psychoses of the involutional and old age period was investigated by Quick's intravenous hippuric acid test. Seventy-one patients were studied, 48 of whom were 45 years and older; 30 of these were 6o years and older. Evidence of faulty detoxication was present in more than three times the number of patients of 6o years and older, than had been found by previous investigators in mentally normal people of the same age group. Moreover, a small group (5) of cases of senile dementia had conspicuously low values, even when compared with patients of the same age suffering from affective disorders or from hypertensive encephalopathy. A comparison of these cases among themselves shows that gross differences in diet and nutrition, differences in body weight, in blood pressure and in urinary excretion can be neglected as sources of error. The significance of these findings is discussed.