gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Driving Stability Control System with Reduced Technical Effort for Compact and Medium Class Passenger Cars (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Wheel slip control system have found a remarkable penetration in all car segments. The information on the wheel behavior has lead to further developments which control the brake performance as well as the driving of the car in general.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Latest systems introduced especially on luxury cars use wheel individual brake intervention to ensure vehicle stability under various driving maneuvers within the physical limits.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Such systems use vehicle dynamic sensors and special hydraulics which serve as energy source for the automatic brake application. The technical effort of such systems like the Dynamic Stability Control DSC has limited the installation to upper class cars so far. New approaches are required to allow for a more wide spread penetration.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Optimized hydraulics together with a rational design of the electronics seems to offer a basis for a more cost effective design. As a result of this a new Driving Stability Control Systems DSC was introduced in the 5 series BMW recently and will find its entry in the 3 series very soon. The 12- and 8-cylinder-versions of the 7-series already use DSC as standard.</div>
Use of Rapid Triple Detection Size Exclusion Chromatography To Evaluate the Evolution of Molar Mass and Branching Architecture during Free Radical Branching Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (2005)

A heavily branched poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been prepared by free radical solution copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) in the presence of dodecanethiol (DDT) to inhibit network formation. A molar feed ratio MMA/EGDMA/DDT of 100/15/13 was employed. These conditions allow a high conversion to fully soluble branched products, and the evolution of molar mass and intrinsic viscosity was monitored by subjecting extracted samples of polymerization mixture to rapid triple detection size exclusion chromatographic (SEC) analysis using a PL-PMC device. These data showed that the global molar mass increased with reaction time, but the corresponding viscosity rise was far lower than would expected for linear macromolecules, hence demonstrating the formation of an increasingly densely branched architecture. 1H NMR spectral and elemental S analysis of the finally isolated branched PMMA showed the composition to be in reasonable agreement with the molar feed ratio MMA/EGDMA/DDT and that ∼95% of the incorporated EGDMA was present as doubly reacted branched segments. High-resolution SEC analysis of the finally isolated material confirmed the branched nature of the product across the whole of its molar mass range and that branching increases as the molar mass of individual macromolecules increases.
Biofilm Formation, Epiphytic Fitness, and Canker Development in <i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> pv. <i>citri</i> (2007)

The phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri is responsible for the canker disease affecting citrus plants throughout the world. Here, we have evaluated the role of bacterial attachment and biofilm formation in leaf colonization during canker development on lemon leaves. Crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of X. axonopodis pv. citri strains expressing the green fluorescent protein were used to evaluate attachment and biofilm formation on abiotic and biotic (leaf) surfaces. Wild-type X. axonopodis pv. citri attached to and formed a complex, structured biofilm on glass in minimal medium containing glucose. Similar attachment and structured biofilm formation also were seen on lemon leaves. An X. axonopodis pv. citri gumB mutant strain, defective in production of the extracellular polysaccharide xanthan, did not form a structured biofilm on either abiotic or biotic surfaces. In addition, the X. axonopodis pv. citri gumB showed reduced growth and survival on leaf surfaces and reduced disease symptoms. These findings suggest an important role for formation of biofilms in the epiphytic survival of X. axonopodis pv. citri prior to development of canker disease.
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With Kaposi's Sarcoma (2005)

We have identified IRIS-KS in a cohort of HIV patients with KS who start HAART.
A flexible error correction scheme for IEEE 802.15.4-based industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

Noise and interference make a substantial impact on wireless transmissions in industrial environments, resulting in frequent erroneous packet deliveries. Existing industrial communication standards adopt the IEEE 802.15.4 specification, which provides no means to correct the detected errors. We propose an IEEE 802.15.4-compliant Forward Error Correction-based approach that can be easily retrofitted into the standard without the need for any kind of interaction with chip manufacturers or standardization bodies. We evaluate the approach on link- and network-level scenarios. Improvement of reliability by using FEC can yield multiple benefits: a reduced number of retransmissions, and lower average latency, to name a few. With respect to the uncoded system, the proposed solution provides identical coding gain as the traditional FEC method, at a significantly lower computational load of decoding.
BEV Object Tracking for LIDAR-based Ground Truth Generation (2019)

Building ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) or AD (Autonomous Driving) vehicles implies the acquisition of large volumes of data and a costly annotation process to create labeled metadata. Labels are then used for either ground truth composition (for test and validation of algorithms) or to set-up training datasets for machine learning processes. In this paper we present a 3D object tracking mechanism that operates on detections from point cloud sequences. It works in two steps: first an online phase which runs a Branch and Bound algorithm (BBA) to solve the association between detections and tracks, and a second filtering step which adds the required temporal smoothness. Results on KITTI dataset show the produced tracks are accurate and robust against noisy and missing detections, as produced by state-of-the-art deep learning detectors.
On the Adsorption of Glucose Oxidase at a Gold Electrode (1989)

In this paper, the shape and size of glucose oxidase (GO) adsorbed on a gold electrode was determined by ellipsometry. It was concluded that GO is a prolate ellipsoid molecule with a major axis of 140Å and a minor axis of 50Å. Two orientations of the molecule on the surface were observed: the major axis can be perpendicular to the surface (standing position) or parallel to the surface (lying position). Above a certain coverage, enzymes in the standing position are not stable and undergo a transition to the lying position due to increasing intermolecular interaction. In the lying position, the enzyme‐and‐substrate contact area is large, and gradual unfolding occurs, leading to a significant change in the structure of the protein. It was possible to detect direct electron transfer between a gold electrode and glucose oxidase. After a short contact time, two almost overlapping electron transfer processes were distinguished, but were gradually transformed to a single response that was characteristic for adsorbed FAD, thus showing that significant changes in the protein structure occur, leading the deactivation of the enzyme.
Electrochromism (Stark Effect) in Solids Due to Isolated Absorbing Centers (1962)

A study has been made of the effect of applied electric fields upon the absorption spectrum of a dye molecule (methyl red) dissolved in a relatively inert, transparent, matrix of high dielectric strength (polystyrene). Theory indicates that the existence of a large dipole moment in either ground or excited state (or in both, if the moment differs in the two states) should lead to a broadening of the absorption band. In contrast, excited states of appropriate type lying close to that involved in the transition should produce a shift to the red. In the present instance the second shift dominates, and one observes, with a field of about one million v/cm, a shift of around 10 Å of the principal band which is centered near 5000 Å. Possible uses of this technique are in evaluating the local field at an absorbing molecule and in estimating dipole moments of various states.
I2C Protocol Design for Reusability (2010)

One I2C protocol design method for reusability was proposed. In this method, design was divided into 3 levels: protocol level, signal level and interface level. Protocol level can be reused without any modification. Signal level can be reused by setting the number of be transferred byte according to specific operation. Interface level can be reused by changing the number of operation mode and the duration of every mode. Interface level is more complicated for reusability because different device has different number of operation mode. For low power reason, not all functions of I2C were designed. This design method was design in VHDL, implementation in FPGA and applied in bio-logging design for RTC and light sensor which are based on I2C protocol. The data acquired by light sensor were transferred through RS232 to PC and stored into text file. The file was shown into graph by using Matlab. The data acquired by RTC were shown by RS232 tool. The correctness efficiency can be confirmed by simulation results.
Taking the Tire the Final Mile (1995)

<i>Mucor circinelloides</i> WJ11 is a lipid-producing strain with industrial potential. A holistic approach using gene manipulation and bioprocessing development has improved lipid production and the strain's economic viability. However, the systematic regulation of lipid accumulation and carotenoid biosynthesis in <i>M. circinelloides</i> remains unknown. To dissect the metabolic mechanism underlying lipid and carotenoid biosynthesis, transcriptome analysis and reporter metabolites identification were implemented between the wild-type (WJ11) and <i>ΔcarRP</i> WJ11 strains of <i>M. circinelloides</i>. As a result, transcriptome analysis revealed 10,287 expressed genes, with 657 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) primarily involved in amino acid, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism. Integration with a genome-scale metabolic model (GSMM) identified reporter metabolites in the <i>ΔcarRP</i> WJ11 strain, highlighting metabolic pathways crucial for amino acid, energy, and nitrogen metabolism. Notably, the downregulation of genes associated with carotenoid biosynthesis and acetyl-CoA generation suggests a coordinated relationship between the carotenoid and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. Despite disruptions in the carotenoid pathway, lipid production remains stagnant due to reduced acetyl-CoA availability, emphasizing the intricate metabolic interplay. These findings provide insights into the coordinated relationship between carotenoid and fatty acid biosynthesis in <i>M. circinelloides</i> that are valuable in applied research to design optimized strains for producing desired bioproducts through emerging technology.
Estrogen and progesterone induction of survival of monoblastoid cells undergoing TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis (1999)

Induction of apoptosis of mononucleated cells is a physiological process for regulating the intensity of the immune response. The female steroid hormones estrogen (E2) and progesterone (Prog) are known to modulate the reactivity of the immune system; recently it has been demonstrated that they can regulate induction of apoptosis of endothelial cells and osteoblasts. TNF-alpha-mediated induction of apoptosis has been well characterized in myeloid cells. We investigated whether E2 and Prog could interfere with TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis of the monoblastoid U937 cell line. Treatment with E2 or Prog increased survival and prevented apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha in both undifferentiated and macrophage-like PMA-differentiated U937 cells, as assessed by trypan blue exclusion cell counting, thymidine incorporation, AnnexinV labeling, followed by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation studies. This effect can be associated with the activation of specific hormone receptors, since we observed the expression of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha), ER-beta, and progesterone receptor (PR) mRNAs; the ER-alpha protein expression was confirmed by immunocytochemical analysis. In addition, hormone-mediated survival against apoptosis was concentration dependent, reaching the half-maximal effect at 10 nM and blocked by the ER antagonist ICI 182,780 in undifferentiated cells, further supporting a receptor-mediated mechanism of cell survival. Other steroid receptor drugs such as Raloxifene, RU486, or the ICI 182,780 in PMA-differentiated cells displayed agonist activity by preventing TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis as efficiently as the hormones alone, providing further evidence to the notion that steroid receptor drugs may manifest agonist or antagonist activities depending on the cellular context in which they are studied. Treatment with E2 was also associated with a time-dependent decrease in the mRNA level of the proapoptotic Nip-2 protein, supporting the hypothesis that hormone responsiveness of U937 cells is mediated by target gene transcription. Together, these results demonstrate that ER and PR can be activated by endogenous or exogenous ligands to induce a genetic response that impairs TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in U937 cells. The data presented here suggest that the female steroid receptors play a role in regulation of the immune response by preventing apoptosis of monoblastoid cells; this effect might have important consequences in the clinical use of steroid receptor drugs. --Vegeto, E., Pollio, G., Pellicciari, C., Maggi, A. Estrogen and progesterone induction of survival of monoblastoid cells undergoing TNF-alpha-inuced apoptosis.
The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis (2015)

Over the last 20 years there has been an increasing interest in the influence of the gastrointestinal tract on appetite regulation. Much of the focus has been on the neuronal and hormonal relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. There is now mounting evidence that the colonic microbiota and their metabolic activity have a significant role in energy homeostasis. The supply of substrate to the colonic microbiota has a major impact on the microbial population and the metabolites they produce, particularly short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are produced when non-digestible carbohydrates, namely dietary fibres and resistant starch, undergo fermentation by the colonic microbiota. Both the consumption of fermentable carbohydrates and the administration of SCFAs have been reported to result in a wide range of health benefits including improvements in body composition, glucose homeostasis, blood lipid profiles and reduced body weight and colon cancer risk. However, published studies tend to report the effects that fermentable carbohydrates and SCFAs have on specific tissues and metabolic processes, and fail to explain how these local effects translate into systemic effects and the mitigation of disease risk. Moreover, studies tend to investigate SCFAs collectively and neglect to report the effects associated with individual SCFAs. Here, we bring together the recent evidence and suggest an overarching model for the effects of SCFAs on one of their beneficial aspects: appetite regulation and energy homeostasis.
IMPROVEMENT ON A CONDITIONAL PRIVACY-PRESERVING AUTHENTICATION SCHEME FOR VANET (2018)

Based on the roadside unit (RSUB) and tamper proof devices (TPDB) technology, Poursnaghi and Zahednejad proposed a conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme for intelligent transportation. Through analysis, we found that their scheme can’t effectively achieve conditional tracking, and there are loopholes in the tracking identity phase, which makes the scheme vulnerable to internal attacks. At the same time, due to the lack of randomness of the signature of the message, the scheme is vulnerable to spoofing attacks. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the Poursnaghi et al. scheme, an improved scheme is presented. The improvement scheme improves the way of providing the identity information of the onboard unit (OBU) in the original scheme and the signature of the message, so that the trusted authority (TA) can obtain the identity information of the onboard unit (OBU) through calculation, thereby verifying Whether the two sides of the communication are credible, effectively avoiding internal attacks, and improving the randomness of the signature of the message, effectively avoiding the counterfeit attack and improving the security of the solution.
Changes in intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed rats are dynamic and region dependent (2015)

A causal relationship between the pathophysiological changes in the gut epithelium and altered gut microbiota with the onset of obesity have been suggested but not defined. The aim of this study was to determine the temporal relationship between impaired intestinal barrier function and microbial dysbiosis in the small and large intestine in rodent high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity. Rats were fed HF diet (45% fat) or normal chow (C, 10% fat) for 1, 3, or 6 wk; food intake, body weight, and adiposity were measured. Barrier function ex vivo using FITC-labeled dextran (4,000 Da, FD-4) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) probes in Ussing chambers, gene expression, and gut microbial communities was assessed. After 1 wk, there was an immediate but reversible increase in paracellular permeability, decrease in IL-10 expression, and decrease in abundance of genera within the class Clostridia in the ileum. In the large intestine, HRP flux and abundance of genera within the order Bacteroidales increased with time on the HF diet and correlated with the onset of increased body weight and adiposity. The data show immediate insults in the ileum in response to ingestion of a HF diet, which were rapidly restored and preceded increased passage of large molecules across the large intestinal epithelium. This study provides an understanding of microbiota dysbiosis and gut pathophysiology in diet-induced obesity and has identified IL-10 and Oscillospira in the ileum and transcellular flux in the large intestine as potential early impairments in the gut that might lead to obesity and metabolic disorders.
Reversible assembly of metal nanoparticles induced by penicillamine. Dynamic formation of SERS hot spots (2011)

We report a systematic study of the surface modification of gold and silver nanoparticles with DL-penicillamine (PEN) and N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (NAP), motivated by the possibility of inducing pH-controlled reversible nanoparticle assembly. The interaction of PEN and NAP with the metal nanoparticle surface was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The results indicate that equilibrium is reached with the formation of a submonolayer corresponding to ca. 40% and 64% of total surface coverage for PEN and NAP, respectively. Both PEN and NAP modified nanoparticles could be reversibly aggregated at acidic pH due to the protonation of the carboxylic groups, leading to a decrease in their stability by electrostatic interactions and the advent of hydrogen bonding interactions which promote interparticle linkage. The process was monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Interestingly, the SERS characterization demonstrated the pH-controlled formation of hot-spots.
Duplex Oligomers Defined via Covalent Casting of a One-Dimensional Hydrogen-Bonding Motif (2002)

Hydrogen-bonded tapes comprised of monomeric molecular precursors are used to define structural parameters for the design of related oligomers encoded with predetermined modes of assembly. Application of this "covalent casting" strategy vis-à-vis the one-dimensional H-bonding motif expressed by 2-amino-4,6-dichlorotriazine has enabled the design of high-affinity duplex molecular strands. Dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric duplex oligomers are prepared through an iterative synthetic protocol involving sequential homologation of the oligo(aminotriazine). The mode of assembly and interstrand affinity of homologous oligomers are established in solution by (1)H NMR dilution experiments, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), vapor pressure osmometry (VPO), cross-hybridization experiments involving the analysis of dye-labeled strands via thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and in the solid state by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Binding free energy per unimer (-Delta G degrees/n) increases significantly upon extension from monomer to dimer to trimer, signifying a strong positive cooperative effect. Nanomolar binding affinity (K(d) = 1.44 +/- 0.50 nM) was determined for the duplex trimer by ITC in 1,2-dichloroethane at 20 degrees C. In-register duplex formation is not observed for the tetramer, which appears to adopt an alternative binding mode. These data give insight into the structural and interactional features of the oligomers required for high-affinity, high-specificity binding and define a platform for the design of second-generation systems and related duplex strands for use in nanoscale assembly.
Clinical Course of Rectal Bleeding Following I-125 Prostate Brachytherapy (1999)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Abstracts: Benign and Malignant Neoplasms of Prostate1 Jan 1999Clinical Course of Rectal Bleeding Following I-125 Prostate Brachytherapy K. Hu and K. Wallner K. HuK. Hu More articles by this author and K. WallnerK. Wallner More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)62159-1AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Clinical Course of Rectal Bleeding Following I-125 Prostate Brachytherapy." The Journal of Urology, 161(1), p. 359 Brachytherapy Service, Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York© 1999 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 161 Issue 1 January 1999 Page: 359 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1999 by American Urological Association, Inc.Metrics Author Information K. Hu More articles by this author K. Wallner More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
A 2/3-in 2 million pixel STACK-CCD HDTV imager (1995)

A 2/3-in optical format 2 M pixel STACK-CCD imager has been developed. The STACK-CCD imager, overlaid with an amorphous silicon photoconversion layer, realizes a large signal charge handling capability of 1.0/spl times/10/sup 5/ electrons, a -140 dB smear noise and a 90 dB dynamic range with a newly introduced device configuration and its unique operation. The 5.0 /spl mu/m(H)/spl times/5.2 /spl mu/m(V) unit pixel imager with sufficiently low image lag has been realized by a novel bias charge injection scheme These device performances are the best ever achieved by a CCD HDTV imager. This is the first such imager satisfying the device performances required for a practical use 2/3-in 2 M pixel HDTV imager.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differences of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Disease Severity in Four Major Dementias (2016)

As dementia progresses, several BPSDs become more severe, including 1) apathy and sleep disturbances in AD, DLB, and VaD, 2) all of the BPSDs except euphoria in AD, 3) AMB, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria in DLB, and 4) depression and anxiety in VaD. Trajectories of BPSDs in FTLD were unclear.