gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioaccumulation, Temporal Trend, and Geographical Distribution of Synthetic Musks in the Marine Environment (2007)

Bioaccumulation of synthetic musks in a marine food chain was investigated by analyzing marine organisms at various trophic levels, including lugworm, clam, crustacean, fish, marine mammal, and bird samples collected from tidal flat and shallow water areas of the Ariake Sea, Japan. Two of the polycyclic musks, HHCB and AHTN, were the dominant compounds found in most of the samples analyzed, whereas nitro musks were not detected in any of the organisms, suggesting greater usage of polycyclic musks relative to the nitro musks in Japan. The highest concentrations of HHCB were detected in clams (258-2730 ng/g lipid wt.), whereas HHCB concentrations in mallard and black-headed gull were low, and comparable with concentrations in fish and crab. These results are in contrast to the bioaccumulation pattern of polychlorinated biphenyls; for which a positive correlation between the concentration and the trophic status of organisms was found. Such a difference in the bioaccumulation is probably due to the metabolism and elimination of HHCB in higher trophic organisms. Temporal trends in concentrations of synthetic musks were examined by analyzing tissues of marine mammals from Japanese coastal waters collected during 1977-2005. HHCB concentrations in marine mammals have shown significant increase since the early 1990s, suggesting a continuous input of this compound into the marine environment. Comparison of the time trend for HHCB with those for PCBs and PBDEs suggested that the rates of increase in HHCB concentrations were higher than the other classes of pollutants. To examine the geographical distribution of HHCB, we have analyzed tissues of fish, marine mammals, and birds collected from several locations. Synthetic musks were not detected in a sperm whale (pelagic species) from Japanese coastal water and in eggs of south polar skua from Antarctica. While the number of samples analyzed is limited, these results imply a lack of long-range transportation potential of synthetic musks in the environment.
Smackover Reservoir--Interpretation Case Study of Water Saturations Versus Production: ABSTRACT (1979)

Predicting the initial production from wells drilled in certain Smackover reservoirs is often difficult. Production history from the field, core analyses, and log data have not always proved to be helpful. The Smackover reservoirs for which interpretation is difficult fall into two categories. The first is oolitic limestone characterized by low resistivity, moderate porosity, and reasonable permeability. High water saturation (Sw) calculated from logs does not necessarily preclude hydrocarbon production. The second is oomoldic limestone typically having high resistivity, very high porosity, and low permeability. Although log interpretation indicates low water saturation, no hydrocarbons are produced. Cores from these reservoirs were studied to evaluate the relations now employed for understanding and predicting production. The investigation included determination of the m and n exponents (commonly known as the cementation and saturation exponents in Archie's equation), evaluation of the microporosity by scanning-electron microscopy, and laboratory determination of density, porosity, and permeability. Results of the rock physics investigation support the empirical relations established, provide data for improved interpretation, and can be expanded to include other Smackover reservoirs within the same diagenetic facies. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1602------------
Rule based GUI modification and adaptation (2009)

The paper describes an approach for run-time modifying and adaptation of a complex GUI using a rule-based system. Elements of Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) paradigm, involved in this approach are discussed. A WEB-based solution, implementing the ideas, discussed in the article, is overviewed. The problems, technical solutions and the advantages of the selected approach are listed.
Preparation of 2-substituted 2-cyclohexen-1-ones (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 2-substituted 2-cyclohexen-1-onesMichael A. Tobias, Jerry G. Strong, and Roger P. NapierCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 5, 1709–1711Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00830a113https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00830a113research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recovery of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from <i>Cupriavidus necator</i> biomass by solvent extraction with 1,2‐propylene carbonate (2009)

Abstract An integrated procedure for the recovery of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced by Cupriavidus necator based on the extraction with 1,2‐propylene carbonate was evaluated. The effect of temperature (100–145°C) and contact time (15–45 min), precipitation period, and biomass pretreatments (pH shock and/or thermal treatments) on PHB extraction efficiency and polymer properties was evaluated. The highest yield (95%) and purity (84%) were obtained with the combination of a temperature of 130°C and a contact time of 30 min, with a precipitation period of 48 h. Under these conditions, PHB had a molecular weight of 7.4×10 5 , which was the highest value obtained. Lower values (2.2×10 5 ) were obtained for higher temperatures (145°C), while lower temperatures resulted in incomplete extraction yields (45–54%). No further yield improvement was achieved with the pH/heat pretreatments, but the polymer's molecular weight was increased to 1.3×10 6 . The PHB physical properties were not significantly affected by any of the tested procedures, as shown by the narrow ranges obtained for the glass transition temperature (4.8–5.0°C), melting temperature (170.1–180.1°C), melting enthalpy (77.8–88.5 J/g) and crystallinity (55–62%). 1,2‐Propylene carbonate was shown to be an efficient solvent for the extraction of PHB from biomass. The precipitation procedure was found to highly influence the polymer recovery and its molecular weight. Although polymer molecular weight and purity were improved by applying pH/heat pretreatment to the biomass, the procedure involves the use of large amounts of chemicals, which increases the recovery costs and makes the process environmentally unfriendly.
Induction of p53 and up-regulation of the p53 pathway in the human 5q− syndrome (2010)

To the editor:

There is mounting evidence from the study of animal models of human disorders of defective ribosome biogenesis, including Diamond-Blackfan anemia and Treacher Collins syndrome, that ribosomal stress leads to activation of the p53 pathway.[1][1][⇓][2]–[3][3] Stabilization of p53
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Prostaglandin Analogs Containing Heteroatoms in the Cyclopentane Ring (2005)

Prostaglandins (PGs) are a very important class of naturally occurring physiologically active substances, which have been the subject of continuous attention by biologists, pharmacists and chemists since their discovery in the 1930s. Pharmacological studies have shown that prostaglandins exhibit an extremely broad spectrum of activity such as on the smooth muscles of various organs, their mediating role in the central and peripheral nervous systems, in inflammatory processes, and their hormone-like and antihormonal activities. Due to the diversified biological activity and rapid metabolism of the natural prostaglandins, a lot of effort has been done to synthesize prostaglandin analogs. Particularly interesting are the prostaglandin analogs containing heteroatoms in the cyclopentane ring which have received a great deal of attention in relation to their potential biological properties and diversified biological activity. This article is dedicated to Prof. Sune K. Bergstrom (in memoriam) for his milestone contributions to prostaglandin research. Keywords: cyclooxygenase, cyclopentanoic system, prostacyclin, thromboxane, prostanoids, corticosteroids
Investigation of Subfractions of Athabasca Asphaltenes and Their Role in Emulsion Stability (2004)

The ability to stabilize water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions for six studied asphaltene subfractions is dependent on their solubility rather than on their concentration, polarity, molecular weight, or other parameters. Paraffinic froth treatment technology recently introduced in the oil sand industry yields a clean bitumen product (<0.1 wt % water and <0.1 wt % solids) at a solvent-to-bitumen ratio above a critical value, which corresponds to the onset of asphaltene precipitation. Six subfractions of Athabasca bitumen asphaltenes were obtained by precipitation with a gradually increasing heptane-to-bitumen (H/B) ratio, from 1.25 to 40. The properties of the asphaltene subfractions obtained were investigated by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV−vis) spectroscopy, and vapor pressure osmometry (VPO). There were no significant differences in the molecular masses of the six asphaltene subfractions. However, the aromaticity and the metalloporphyrin (vanadyl) content in the asphaltene subfractions systematically decreased as the H/B ratio increased. The first three subfractions had lower H/C ratios, as well as higher metalloporphyrin content, and were less soluble in heptane/toluene (H/T) mixtures. Also, their solubility was more sensitive to the aromaticity of the solvent. The last three subfractions had higher H/C ratios and lower metalloporphyrin content. Their solubility in H/T was greater and less sensitive to the aromaticity of the solvent.
Optical recording in the blue using a frequency-doubled diode laser (1992)

We have developed a 428 nm blue laser source based on resonator-enhanced frequency doubling of a GaAlAs diode laser and have used this source to demonstrate writing and reading on an MO disk. The power, beam quality, and noise of the blue laser are sufficient for high-density optical recording.
Improvement Directions for the G-SEED System from the Resident's Perspective (2014)

The building section is providing immediate causes for global climate change problems since it takes about 50% of carbon emission, 20∼50% of waste discharge, 33% of energy consumption, 40% of resource use, and 17% of water consumption. So, many countries over the world have developed and implemented green building certification systems to assess sustainable performances of buildings since the early 1990s. In korea, the green building certification system to induce the diffusion of sustainable buildings was first introduced in 2002 and developed as an improved version of the G-SEED(Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design) system in 2013 after major revisions of related legislations. This research conducts a survey targeting on an apartment building that was certified as green building and examines the importance of assessment criteria on apartment buildings to certify green buildings using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method. And it proposes a new direction on certification assessment standards from the residents prospective. As a result, assessment criteria such as indoor environment, ecological environment, energy & environment pollution, and maintenance management among 7 main ones turned out important on assessing the G-SEED system for apartment buildings, while criteria such as material & resource, water circulation management, and land use & transportation did relatively unimportant.
Behavior of Ni in carbon nanotube nucleation (1997)

A nucleation model was proposed for a carbon nanotube enclosing a Ni bar which was grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 700 °C using round Ni particles. At an early stage of CVD, each round Ni particle with a diameter of about 30 nm is covered with graphite layers. The graphite-covered Ni particle is considered to be unstable because the graphite layers have a large curvature. This instability is thought to make the graphite-covered Ni particles transform into a Ni bar enclosed within a carbon nanotube. In order to verify this nucleation model, we show that the size of the round Ni particle is a decisive condition for carbon nanotube formation by CVD, and that an intermediate state of the transformation of the graphite-covered Ni particles to the carbon-nanotube-enclosed Ni bar was observed by transmission electron microscopy.
Synthesis and biological activity of amino terminus extended analogues of the .alpha. mating factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1987)

The synthesis and biological activity are reported for extended analogues of the secreted tridecapeptide alpha-factor (Trp-His-Trp-Leu-Gln-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Peptides with Ala, Glu-Ala, Ala-Glu-Ala, or Glu-Ala-Glu-Ala attached to the amino terminus of alpha-factor were synthesized by the solid-phase method on a (phenylacetamido)methyl (PAM) resin, using a combination of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide- and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole-accelerated active ester coupling procedures. Free peptides were obtained by hydrogen fluoride (HF) cleavage in the presence of appropriate scavengers. Normal high HF cleavage and "low-high" HF cleavage were equally effective in liberating the desired product from the PAM resin. Yields of pure peptide ranged from 9% to 17%. All of the extended alpha-factors, which represent sequences of pro-alpha-factor coded for in the MF alpha 1 structural gene, caused morphological aberrations (shmoo assay) in strain X2180-1A (MATa) the same as those caused by the tridecapeptide. The 14-peptide was equally active compared to the native alpha-factor whereas the 17-peptide was 5-10-fold less active. The analogues also arrested to various degrees (halo assay) the growth of S. cerevisiae RC629 (MATa sst1) and S. cerevisiae RC631 (MATa sst2), two supersensitive mutants, and were converted to pheromones of equal activity by treatment with V8 protease. A temperature-sensitive receptor mutant responded to all the peptides at the permissive but not the restrictive temperature. An alpha-factor antagonist, des-Trp1,Ala3-alpha-factor, inhibited activity of all extended peptides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mutual information model for link prediction in heterogeneous complex networks (2017)

Recently, a number of meta-path based similarity indices like PathSim, HeteSim, and random walk have been proposed for link prediction in heterogeneous complex networks. However, these indices suffer from two major drawbacks. Firstly, they are primarily dependent on the connectivity degrees of node pairs without considering the further information provided by the given meta-path. Secondly, most of them are required to use a single and usually symmetric meta-path in advance. Hence, employing a set of different meta-paths is not straightforward. To tackle with these problems, we propose a mutual information model for link prediction in heterogeneous complex networks. The proposed model, called as Meta-path based Mutual Information Index (MMI), introduces meta-path based link entropy to estimate the link likelihood and could be carried on a set of available meta-paths. This estimation measures the amount of information through the paths instead of measuring the amount of connectivity between the node pairs. The experimental results on a Bibliography network show that the MMI obtains high prediction accuracy compared with other popular similarity indices.
Amenability of Carboxylic Acids Adsorption on Surface of Activated Carbon (2015)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the adsorption of benzoic acid (BA), valeric acid (VA), propionic acid (PA) and butyric acid (BUA) from aqueous solutions at different dosing rate on the surface of activated carbon. Different trials were taken in order to determine the interaction betweenthe carbon surface and adsorbent species. The residual concentration of acids was calculated by the titrimetric method. Maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 93.37% at dosing rate of 8.75 g for BUA and minimum adsorption capacity was measured as 41.47% at dosing rate of 0.69 g for VA. Keeping the same contact time and mass of activated carbon (2.8 g), the adsorption capacity increases with increasing dosing rate.
The U.K. Working Party's Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis.. (1994)

A working party of 13 dermatologists, two family practitioners and a paediatrician was assembled, with the aim of developing a minimum list of reliable discriminators for atopic dermatitis. Each physician was asked to select 10 consecutive new cases of unequivocal mild to moderate atopic dermatitis and 10 controls with other inflammatory dermatoses. Each subject was examined by two independent observers, who were blind to the clinical diagnosis and study aim, with regard to 31 clinically useful diagnostic features for atopic dermatitis. Two hundred and twenty-four patients were studied (120 cases and 102 controls). Using the key physician's clinical diagnosis as a gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of each of the 31 diagnostic criteria were tested. Using multiple logistic regression techniques, a minimum set of diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis was derived. These were: history of flexural involvement, history of a dry skin, onset under the age of 2, personal history of asthma, history of a pruritic skin condition, and visible flexural dermatitis. Adjustment for age, sex, region, social class and ethnic group did not alter the choice of final criteria. The discriminatory value of these criteria was also satisfactory when tested against a further sample of 150 patients drawn from the community, who did not have skin disease.
Biorenewable polyethylene terephthalate mimics derived from lignin and acetic acid (2010)

Lignin-based vanillin and acetic anhydride are subjected to the Perkin reaction and then hydrogenation to afford acetyldihydroferulic acid. Polymerization of this monomer yields poly(dihydroferulic acid), which exhibits thermal properties functionally similar to those of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Chemical Kinetic Resolution of Unprotected β‐Substituted β‐Amino Acids Using Recyclable Chiral Ligands (2014)

The first chemical method for resolution of N,C-unprotected β-amino acids was developed through enantioselective formation and disassembly of nickel(II) complexes under operationally convenient conditions. The specially designed chiral ligands are inexpensive and can be quantitatively recycled along with isolation of the target β-substituted-β-amino acids in good yields and excellent enantioselectivity. The method features a broad synthetic generality including β-aryl, β-heteroaryl, and β-alkyl-derived β-amino acids. The procedure is easily scaled up, and was used for the synthetically and economically advanced preparation of the anti-diabetic drug sitagliptin.
Thermal Characterization of Cu∕CoFe Multilayer for Giant Magnetoresistive Head Applications (2005)

Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) head technology is one of the latest advancements in the hard disk drive (HDD) storage industry. The GMR head multilayer structure consists of alternating layers of extremely thin metallic ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic films. A large decrease in the electrical resistivity from antiparallel to parallel alignment of the film magnetizations is observed, known as the GMR effect. The present work characterizes the in-plane electrical and thermal conductivities of Cu∕CoFe GMR multilayer structures in the temperature range of 50K to 340K using Joule-heating and electrical resistance thermometry on suspended bridges. The thermal conductivity of the GMR layer monotonically increases from 25Wm−1K−1 (at 55K) to nearly 50Wm−1K−1 (at room temperature). We also report a GMR ratio of 17% and a large magnetothermal resistance effect (GMTR) of 25% in the Cu∕CoFe multilayer structure.
Role of training data variability on classifier performance and generalizability (2018)

Large, high-quality training datasets are necessary for machine learning classifiers to achieve high performance. Due to the high cost of collecting quality annotated data, dataset sizes for medical imaging applications are typically small and collected at a single institution. The use of small, single-site datasets results in classifiers that do not generalize well to data collected at different institutions or under different imaging protocols. Previous attempts to address this problem resulted in development of transfer learning and domain adaptation algorithms. Our work investigates the improvement of generalization performance by increasing training data variability. We use data from multiple sites (one from a local clinic and two from publicly available sets) to train support vector machines (SVMs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to distinguish tissue patches of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue of colorectal cancer (CRC). To measure the effect of increasing training set variability on classifier robustness, we create different training combinations of two datasets for training and validation, and use the third set is reserved for testing. SVM accuracy on the testing dataset ranged from 50% to 59% when training with data from a single site, which increases to 61% when data from both sites was combined in training. Using CNNs, the testing accuracy was 56% and 67% when training on single-site data, which increased to 70% with data from both sites. Thus, the increase in generalization performance exists for both traditional and deep learning algorithms, and is essential for building larger datasets for medical image classification.
The Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling Pathway (2008)

Embryonic development of multicellular organisms is an incredibly complex process that relies heavily on evolutionarily conserved signalling pathways to provide crucial cell-cell communication. Typically, secreted signalling proteins such as Wnts, BMPs, and Hedgehogs released by one cell population will trigger concentration-dependent responses in other cells located some distance away. In adults, the same signalling pathways orchestrate tissue renewal in organs such as the intestine and skin, and direct tissue regeneration in many organs following injury. Strict regulation of these signalling pathways is critical, with insufficient or excess activity having catastrophic consequences including severe developmental defects or, later in life, cancer. This chapter deals with the beta-catenin-dependent branch of Wnt signalling (also referred to the canonical pathway).
Two-Minute Training for Improving Neonatal Bag and Mask Ventilation (2014)

A two-minute training of bag and mask ventilation was effective. This training could be incorporated into any training program.