gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(styrene‐<i>graft</i>‐ethylene oxide) as a compatibilizer in polystyrene/polyamide blends (1995)

Abstract Polystyrene (PS) blends containing a dispersed phase of either polyamide‐6 (PA‐6) or polyamide‐12 (PA‐12) were compatibilized by additions of 1, 3, or 5 wt % poly(styrene‐ graft ‐ethylene oxide). The graft copolymers were found to have a stabilizing effect on the domain sizes. Weight average radii of PA‐6 domains in compression molded samples were reduced by a factor of 5 with 3 wt % graft copolymer added. The corresponding size reduction for PA‐12 domains was by a factor of 3. Also, the domain sizes were more uniformly distributed in blends containing the graft copolymers. Thermal analysis of the blends revealed that compatibilization retarded the PA crystallization, with some PA crystallizing at the PS glass transition. This retarded crystallization is explained as a result of the domain size reduction and by the presence of graft copolymer at the interface. The graft copolymers had a toughening effect on the blends and the impact strength of a PS/PA‐12 blend was improved by 65% by adding 3 wt % of graft copolymer. Binary blends of the PA and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were investigated in a separate study to verify miscibility of the graft copolymer side chains and the PA. Hydrogen bonding between PA‐6 and PEO was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and partial miscibility was indicated by melting point depressions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Complications of skin biopsy (2015)

Skin biopsy is the most commonly performed procedure by the dermatologist. Though it is a safe and easy procedure yet complications may arise. Post operative complications like wound infection and bleeding may occur. It is essential to keep the potential complications of skin biopsy in mind and be meticulous in the technique, for better patient outcomes.
Endogenous tassel-specific small RNAs-mediated RNA interference enables a novel glyphosate-inducible male sterility system for commercial production of hybrid seed in Zea mays L. (2018)

Hybrid crops produce higher yields than their inbred parents due to heterosis. For high purity of hybrid seeds, it is critical to eliminate self-pollination. Manual or mechanical removal of male parts (such as detasseling in maize) is labor-intensive, fuel and time-consuming, and can cause physical damage to female plants, resulting in significant seed yield reductions. Many male-sterility systems either require a maintainer for male-sterile line propagation or are often affected by environmental factors. Roundup® Hybridization System (RHS) utilizes glyphosate to induce male sterility, which effectively eliminates the need for maintainer lines and removal of male parts for commercial hybrid seed production. The first-generation RHS (RHS1) is based on low expression of a glyphosate-insensitive 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) in pollen. This report presents the second-generation RHS (RHS2) technology built on RNA interference (RNAi) combined with CP4 EPSPS. It utilizes maize endogenous male tissue-specific small interfering RNAs (mts-siRNAs) to trigger cleavage of the CP4 EPSPS mRNA specifically in tassels, resulting in glyphosate-sensitive male cells due to lack of the CP4 EPSPS protein. Male sterility is then induced by glyphosate application at the stages critical for pollen development, and the male-sterile plants are used as the female parent to produce hybrid seed. The endogenous mts-siRNAs are conserved across maize germplasms, and the inducible male sterility was replicated in representative germplasms through introgression of a CP4 EPSPS transgene containing the mts-siRNA target sequence. This technology combines the relative simplicity and convenience of a systemic herbicide spray methodology with targeted protein expression to create an inducible male sterility system for industrial production of row crop hybrid seeds in an environmentally-independent manner.
State-of-the-art 60 GHz, 3.6 k-ohm transimpedance amplifier for 40 Gb/s and beyond (2003)

A 3.6 k/spl Omega/ InP HBT transimpedance amplifier (TIA) has been demonstrated with a bandwidth of 60 GHz. Gain flatness of /spl plusmn/2 dB and DC power of 271 mW has also been obtained. This TIA benchmarks the best gain-bandwidth product (GBP) of 1.9 THz, the highest transimpedance-bandwidth product (TZ-BWP) of 216 /spl Omega/-THz, and the highest TZ-BWP per DC power efficiency of +797 /spl Omega/-GHz/mW obtained for a 40 Gb/s transimpedance amplifier. These results are discussed in context with prior state-of-the-art 40 Gb/s TIAs implemented with various technologies and circuit topologies. 40 Gb/s photo-receiver requirements, TIA technology and topology trades, and future directions are reviewed.
Japanese encephalitis: development of new candidate vaccines (2006)

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the most common form of viral encephalitis that appears in the form of frequent epidemics of brain fever throughout Southeast Asia, China and India. The disease is caused by a Flavivirus named Japanese encephalitis virus that is spread to humans by mosquitoes. An internationally approved mouse brain-derived inactivated vaccine has been available that is relatively expensive, gives immunity of uncertain duration and is not completely safe. Cell culture-derived inactivated and attenuated JE vaccines are in use in China, but these are not produced as per the norms acceptable in most countries. Several new promising JE vaccine candidates have been developed, some of which are under different stages of clinical evaluation. These new candidate JE vaccines have the potential to generate long-lasting immunity at low cost.
Real-time traffic sign detection and recognition (2008)

The continuous growth of imaging databases increasingly requires analysis tools for extraction of features. In this paper, a new architecture for the detection of traffic signs is proposed. The architecture is designed to process a large database with tens of millions of images with a resolution up to 4,800x2,400 pixels. Because of the size of the database, a high reliability as well as a high throughput is required. The novel architecture consists of a three-stage algorithm with multiple steps per stage, combining both color and specific spatial information. The first stage contains an area-limitation step which is performance critical in both the detection rate as the overall processing time. The second stage locates suggestions for traffic signs using recently published feature processing. The third stage contains a validation step to enhance reliability of the algorithm. During this stage, the traffic signs are recognized. Experiments show a convincing detection rate of 99%. With respect to computational speed, the throughput for line-of-sight images of 800×600 pixels is 35 Hz and for panorama images it is 4 Hz. Our novel architecture outperforms existing algorithms, with respect to both detection rate and throughput
Respirable antisense oligonucleotides: a new drug class for respiratory disease (2000)

Respirable antisense oligonucleotides (RASONs), which attenuate specific disease-associated mRNAs, represent a new class of respiratory therapeutics with considerable potential. RASONs overcome previous obstacles that have impeded the development of antisense therapeutics targeting diseases in other organ systems. RASONs are delivered directly to the target tissue via inhalation; their uptake seems to be enhanced by cationic properties inherent in pulmonary surfactant, and, because of the markedly different target properties of mRNA and proteins, they can have very long durations of effect compared with traditional drugs targeting the protein of the same gene. RASONs contain chemical modifications that decrease their degradation by cellular nucleases. However, total insensitivity to nucleases is probably not an optimal design criterion for RASONs, because moderate nuclease sensitivity can prevent their systemic delivery, decreasing the potential for systemic toxicity. EPI-2010 is a 21-mer phosphorothioate RASON that attenuates bronchoconstriction, inflammation and surfactant depletion in preclinical models of human asthma, has a duration of effect of seven days, and seems to undergo minimal systemic delivery.
Dual-energy computed tomographic imaging of pulmonary hypertension (2016)

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) angiography of the chest provides a combined morphological and functional analysis of the lung, usually obtained in a single acquisition without extra radiation or injection of extra intravenous iodine contrast. The parenchymal iodine maps generated by DECT are well correlated with scintigraphy, and are becoming an essential tool for evaluating patients with pulmonary vascular diseases. With a single DECT acquisition, complete imaging of pulmonary hypertension is now available, displaying vascular anatomy, parenchymal morphology and functional assessment. Triangular pulmonary perfusion defects in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension may be clearly analysed even in the presence of distal arterial occlusion. Perfusion heterogeneities seen in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension reflect mosaic perfusion and may be helpful for the diagnosis, severity assessment and prognosis of the disease. Vascular or parenchymal abnormalities can also be analysed with perfusion defects to determine their aetiology. Pulmonary arterial hypertension due to congenital heart disease can be assessed with a single DECT, even in the neonatal population. Furthermore, new applications are emerging with ventilation imaging or myocardial perfusion imaging obtained by DECT and should be considered. In conclusion, DECT of the thorax enables the simultaneous and noninvasive assessment of vascular anatomy, parenchymal morphology and functional pulmonary imaging in various groups of PH.
Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Mediates Fear Extinction via Habituation-Like Processes (2006)

The interplay between fear expression and fear extinction provides an important prerequisite for adequate coping with aversive encounters. Current models propose that extinction of conditioned fear is mediated by associative safety learning. Here, we demonstrate that the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, which is crucially involved in fear extinction, is dispensable for associative safety learning. In fact, our results indicate that CB1 mediates fear extinction primarily via habituation-like processes. CB1 null-mutant mice were severely impaired not only in extinction of the fear response to a tone after fear conditioning but also in habituation of the fear response to a tone after sensitization with an inescapable footshock. Surprisingly, long-term habituation was generally affected even in situations with proper short-term adaptation, suggesting the existence of two separated CB1-dependent effector systems for short- and long-term fear adaptation. Our findings underscore the importance of habituation as a determinant of fear extinction in mice and characterize the cannabinoid CB1 receptor as an essential molecular correlate of this process.
A Tracking Algorithm in RFID Reader Network (2006)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a hot research topic in recent years. And connecting RFID readers to construct a mesh network, which is defined as RFID reader network herein, by short-range wireless technologies (such as ZigBee) is a promising architecture. RFID reader can sense (identify) persons, animals, vehicles and goods by interrogating transponders tagged on them. From this perspective, RFID reader and reader network is sensor and sensor network that is context-aware, respectively. However, only sensing is not enough in many scenarios. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a tracking algorithm, coined virtual route tracking (VRT), to realize tracking persons or objects in RFID reader network
Synthesis of 4-Cyanoimdole from 4-Oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole Derivatives (1986)

S a g a m i h a r a , K a n a g a w a 2 2 9 , J
Carving and living (2009)

He studied at the University of Barcelona, specialising in sculpture, finishing his degree in arts in 2000. He is an art teacher in a private secondary school in Barcelona. He has won prizes for his work and has worked with Italian architects as well as exhibiting his work in Catalunya.
In vitro, Candida albicans releases the immune modulator adenosine and a second, high-molecular weight agent that blocks neutrophil killing (1992)

We previously described a lyophilized supernatant from germinated Candida albicans that blocks human neutrophil (PMN) O2- production and degranulation stimulated by several PMN agonists but does not block stimulation by PMA. In studies to further characterize this Candida hyphal inhibitory product (CHIP), we noted several physicochemical parallels with the purine nucleoside adenosine (Ado). A Sephadex G-10 semipurified fraction of CHIP had an absorption peak near 260 nm, an apparent m.w. of less than 400, and was resistant to boiling and proteases. Maximally effective doses of CHIP (100 micrograms/ml) and Ado (100 microM) blocked 0.1 microM FMLP-stimulated O2- production by 76.8 +/- 4.1 and 81.7 +/- 4.8%, respectively. Ado deaminase, known to inactivate Ado, reversed inhibition by both Ado and CHIP. Results were comparable for the effect of CHIP and Ado on FMLP-stimulated beta-glucuronidase and lactoferrin release. Activation of the respiratory burst by opsonized C. albicans yeast was also inhibited by CHIP and Ado, but the extent of inhibition was less than for FMLP. At yeast:PMN ratios of 4:1, 10:1, and 40:1, CHIP inhibited O2- by -3.8%, 14.3%, and 12.8%, respectively; Ado blocked production by 32.9%, 24.2%, and 11.5%, respectively. The effect of CHIP and Ado on Candida killing by PMN was compared using two viability assays in each of four experiments. Ado (100 microM) had no effect on killing, although CHIP (100 micrograms/ml) inhibited killing in the MTT assay at 15 and 45 min by 81.6 +/- 6.3 and 24.7 +/- 6.2%, respectively; as assayed by CFU, CHIP inhibited killing by 34.1 +/- 6.2 and 10.3 +/- 2.5%, respectively. The ability of CHIP to inhibit killing was not affected by adding Ado deaminase, providing additional evidence that an Ado-like effect by CHIP is not essential for killing inhibition. Killing of opsonized Streptococcus pneumoniae was also inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Reverse-phase HPLC of the semipurified fraction revealed a peak, eluting identically to authentic Ado, which was eliminated by adding Ado deaminase. Ado content of the G-10 fraction was sufficient to account fully for the FMLP-inhibitory activity. The antikilling activity was resistant to boiling and proteases but was eliminated by mild periodation. Fractions eluting from a Sephadex CL6B column between 0.8 and 2.0 x 10(6) m.w. had increased sp. act. for killing inhibition. Sp. act. increased as carbohydrate content increased, but killing inhibition by various Candida cell wall constituents was absent to modest compared to inhibition induced by CHIP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Biological characters of Phoma wasabiae causing black rot of wasabi (2004)

Phoma wasabiae Yokogi,a pathogen wasabi black rot disease was isolated from wasabi in Sichuan, China and studied with PDA culture medium. The results showed that different temperature, pH and light irradiation had significant effects on spore germination and mycelial growth. The suitable temperature and pH to mycelial development ranged from 19 -25℃ and from 6.0-9.0, respectively. It grows faster at 22℃ and the mycelium can't survive above 10 min 55℃.
Novel GMR-based biochip (2005)

For the detection of molecular interaction, a novel approach of the guided-mode resonance (GMR) spectroscopy identifies molecules via specific bindings with their ligands immobilized on the grating surface is presented. The structure of GMR device generally consists of two stages -- upper grating layer and waveguide layer. When the wide-band light illuminating, the GMR device inhibits on a specific resonant narrow-band of wavelength, and allows for other wavelength to transmit. The specific resonant narrow-band of wavelength results in the diffraction of the incident wide-band wave and the selection in the waveguide layer. This is very useful in highly sensitive measurement, especially for the variations in the refractive index of bulk media, and for the monitoring of variations in the thickness of thin film. In the simulation, one <i>Si</i><sub>3</sub><i>N</i><sub>4</sub> (<i>n</i>=2) GMR device is designed. When the wavelength of the illumination ranges from 1520nm to 1620nm, the resonant peak wavelength will shift 0.03nm as per 1nm bio-layer (<i>n</i><sub><i>bio</i></sub> 1.3) has been attached on. Finally, on the basis of the theoretical analysis, the optimization of a spectral GMR sensor in terms of the operation wavelength has been carried out.
Stable implantation of orthogonal sensor circuits in Gram‐negative bacteria for environmental release (2008)

A broad host range, orthogonal genetic platform has been developed to format sensor circuits in the chromosome of Gram-negative microorganisms destined for environmental release as bioindicators of toxic or perilous compounds (e.g. explosives) in soil. The genetic scheme includes the generation of a genomic landing pad for the sensor module with a Tn5-mini-transposon bearing an optimal attTn7 sequence and a choice of reporter systems with optical and enzymatic outputs. The array of functional elements thereby inserted in the chromosome match that of a cognate plasmid vector which delivers the transcription factors and the promoters to a frame that places the regulatory parts in front of the reporters. Site-specific recombination sites allow the deletion of antibiotic resistances and enables reporter output prior to deliberate release. The system thus allows the production and maintenance of cells in a pre-release state and its intentional conversion in deliverable strains that fulfil all safety, stability and performance criteria. The combination of such a genetic platform with a variant of the transcriptional regulator XylR of Pseudomonas putida that responds to 2,4-dinitrotoluene has been the basis for the production of strains that emit light upon exposure to residues of explosives in a soil microcosm.
Nitric Oxide Ameliorates Hydrophobic Bile Acid-induced Apoptosis in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes by Non-mitochondrial Pathways (2002)

Hydrophobic bile acids are toxic to isolated rat hepatocytes by mechanisms involving mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. In the current study we examined the role of nitric oxide (NO), a potential mediator of apoptosis, during bile acid-induced apoptosis. Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes and hepatic mitochondria generated NO and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner when exposed to the toxic bile salt glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) (25-500 microm), which was prevented by the nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors N(G)-monomethyl-N-arginine monoacetate (l-NMMA) and 1400W. Relationships between hepatocyte NO production and apoptosis were examined by comparing the effects of NOS inhibitors with other inhibitors of GCDC-induced apoptosis. Inhibitors of caspases 8 and 9, the mitochondrial permeability transition blocker cyclosporin A, and the antioxidant idebenone reduced NO generation and apoptosis in GCDC-treated hepatocytes. In contrast, NOS inhibitors had no effect on GCDC-induced apoptosis despite marked reduction of NO and ONOO(-). However, treatment with the NO donors S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine and spermine NONOate [N-(-aminoethyl)N-(2-hydroxy-2-nitrohydrazino)-1,2-ethylenediamine) inhibited apoptosis and caspase 3 activity while significantly elevating NO levels above GCDC-stimulated levels. Neither NO donors nor NOS inhibitors affected GCDC-induced mitochondrial permeability transition or cytochrome c release from liver mitochondria or GCDC-induced mitochondrial depolarization from isolated hepatocytes, suggesting that NO inhibits bile acid-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by a non-mitochondrial-dependent pathway. In conclusion, whereas NO produced from GCDC-treated hepatocytes neither mediates nor protects against bile acid-induced apoptosis, higher levels of NO inhibit GCDC-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by caspase-dependent pathways.
A novel single stage push pull converter with integrated magnetics and ripple-free input current (2004)

This paper presents a novel single stage push-pull boost converter with a improved integrated magnetics and ripple-free input current. It is found that the push pull converter when the duty cycles greater than 50% can simplify the front of boost-type converter to a novel single stage converter. Coupled inductor techniques provide a method to reduce the converter size and weight and achieve ripple-free current. All the magnetic components including input filter inductor and step-down transformer are integrated into a single El core. The prototype is built to demonstrate the theoretical prediction.
Interactions of β-Lactoglobulin Variants A and B with Vitamin A. Competitive Binding of Retinoids and Carotenoids (2013)

β-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg) is the major whey protein of bovine milk present at a concentration of 2-3 g L(-1). Its biological role is still not well-known. However, many studies have suggested that β-Lg may play either nutritional or specific transporter role. The high affinity of β-Lg for retinol and other retinoids was reported. The results of interaction studies of β-Lg with carotenoids, that is, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and α-carotene, which display similar structures are reported in this study. The affinities of β-Lg for binding of retinoids and carotenoids were compared, providing more information about the binding site(s) of these molecules by β-Lg. Interactions were followed by the measurements of quenching of β-Lg tryptophan fluorescence and retinol fluorescence. The obtained results indicate that carotenoids are bound by β-Lg with high affinity of the order of 10(-8) M. Measurement of retinol competition with carotenoids for binding by β-Lg suggests that the binding of these two ligands occurs at two different sites of β-Lg.
Towers, John (b. 1690) (1999)

Towers, John John Towers was born in Lancashire, the son of a farmer. He was admitted as a sizar to Trinity College, Dublin in 1705, graduating BA in 1709 and MA in 1712 (BD and DD, 1743). He was a prebendary of St Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin and vicar of Castleknock. He is best known as one of the
One-shot dual-energy subtraction chest imaging with computed radiography: clinical evaluation of film images. (1988)

A clinical evaluation of one-shot dual-energy subtraction chest imaging by means of computed radiography (CR) with imaging plates was carried out in a comparison with the original plain CR images. In analyses of chest images of 140 patients, new information, not detected on the original plain CR images, was obtained on subtraction images in 21 patients (15%). Receiver operating characteristic curve studies also verified the superiority of CR subtraction over the original plain CR images for the detection of pulmonary nodules, calcification in a nodule, and rib lesions. Subtraction images complemented the original plain images.