gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and fabrication of six-volt vertically-stacked GaAs photovoltaic power converter (2016)

A six-volt vertically-stacked, high current GaAs photovoltaic power converter (PPC) has been designed and fabricated to produce output power over 1 W under monochromatic illumination. An N<sup>++</sup>-GaAs/P<sup>++</sup>-AlGaAs tunnel junctions (TJs) structure has been used for connecting each sub-cell in this vertically-stacked PPC device. The thickness of the each GaAs sub-cell has been derived based on the calculation of absorption depth of photons with a wavelength of 808 nm using absorption coefficient obtained from ellipsometry measurements. The devices were characterized under non-uniform CW laser illumination at 808 nm with incident power up to 4.1 W. A maximum conversion efficiency of 50.2% was achieved at 0.3 W under non-uniform (coupled in optical fiber) monochromatic illumination, dropping to 42.5% at 4.1 W. The operating voltage at the maximum power point is 5.5-6.0 V, depending on the incident laser power, and an output electrical power output of 1.3 W can be extracted at a laser power of 2.9 W and the maximum electrical power output amounts to 1.72 W. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurement indicates that the performance of PPC can be further improved by refining the design of the thickness of sub-cells and improving TJs.
Implications of Dispersion Modelling in South Auckland for Sustainable Technology (1998)

The key aspects and features of a study of dispersion modeling undertaken in South Auckland for sustainable technology are discussed. The implications of the study for the study for the implementation of the Resource Management Act are highlighted.
CAT4 (Cable Actuated Truss—4 Degrees of Freedom): A Novel 4 DOF Cable Actuated Parallel Manipulator (2002)

Abstract The CAT4 (Cable Actuated Truss—4 degrees of freedom) robot is a novel, passively jointed, parallel robot utilizing six control cables for actuation. The architecture has been under development at the Queen's University Robotics Laboratory. The robot utilizes a passive jointed linkage with 18 revolute joints to constrain the end effector motion and provide the desired structural stability, restricting the end effector to 3 translational degrees of freedom (DOF) and 1 DOF for end effector pitch. This central mechanism together with winched cable actuation gives a number of important benefits for applications where the advantages of a parallel robot are required in conjunction with light weight. Six electric motor driven winches control the length of the cable actuators that extend from the top frame to points on the end effector raft and jointed linkage to create a stiff, but lightweight, actuated robot. Simulation work on the robot is presented giving the kinematics, including a computational estimate of the workspace for a specific configuration. Results of computational simulation of the motion of the manipulator and a discussion of the advantages and potential difficulties are also presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanical Properties of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-<i>block</i>-poly(2-methyloxazoline) Polymersomes Probed by Atomic Force Microscopy (2012)

Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(2-methyloxazoline) (PDMS-b-PMOXA) vesicles were characterized by a combination of dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and atomic force microscopy imaging and force spectroscopy (AFM). From DLS data, a hydrodynamic radius of ~150 nm was determined, and cryo-TEM micrographs revealed a bilayer thickness of ~16 nm. In AFM experiments on a silicon wafer substrate, adsorption led to a stable spherical caplike conformation of the polymersomes, whereas on mica, adsorption resulted also in vesicle fusion and formation of bilayer patches or multilayer stacks. This indicates a delicate balance between the mechanical stability of PDMS-b-PMOXA polymersomes on one hand and the driving forces for spreading on the other. A Young's modulus of 17 ± 11 MPa and a bending modulus of 7 ± 5 × 10(-18) J were derived from AFM force spectroscopy measurements. Therefore, the elastic response of the PDMS-b-PMOXA polymersomes to external stimuli is much closer to that of lipid vesicles compared to other types of polymersomes, such as polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA).
Towards Specific Functions of Lysosomal Cysteine Peptidases: Phenotypes of Mice Deficient for Cathepsin B or Cathepsin L (2001)

The lysosomal cysteine peptidases cathepsin B and cathepsin L are abundant and ubiquitously expressed members of the papain family, and both enzymes contribute to the terminal degradation of proteins in the lysosome. However, there is accumulating evidence for specific functions of lysosomal proteases in health and disease. The generation of 'knock out' mouse strains that are deficient in lysosomal proteases provides a valuable tool for evaluation of existing hypotheses and gaining new insights into the in vivo functions of these proteases. In this minireview, we summarise and discuss the findings obtained by analysis of mice that are devoid of cathepsin B or cathepsin L. In brief, cathepsin L appears to be critically involved in epidermal homeostasis, regulation of the hair cycle, and MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation in cortical epithelial cells of the thymus. Cathepsin B plays a major role in pathological trypsinogen activation in the early course of experimental pancreatitis and contributes significantly to TNF-alpha induced hepatocyte apoptosis.
Shaped saturation with inherent radiofrequency-power-efficient trajectory design in parallel transmission (2013)

The TD trajectory design uses available a priori information to enhance RF power efficiency and spatial response of the RF pulses. Shaped saturation pulses show improved spatial accuracy and saturation performance. Thus, RF pulses can be designed more efficiently and can be further accelerated.
6-Amino derivatives of stigmastanol and cholestanol (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT6-Amino derivatives of stigmastanol and cholestanolH. Pinhas, A. Loiseau, A. Krikorian-Manoukian, D. Courmarcel, N. P. Buu-Hoi, and P. JacquignonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 11, 1048–1049Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00293a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00293a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Video over IP design guidebook. (2009)

Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) engineers are responsible for the design, evaluation, and implementation of video solutions across the entire state. These installations occur with vast differences in requirements, expectations, and constraints. Because the systems require extensive interoperability to other systems, agencies, and deployments, a systems engineering process (SEP) is employed to develop a consistent and structured approach to the development of concepts, needs, requirements, design, testing, and ongoing operations. The guidebook contains an accompanying CD which illustrates many aspects of video, which are more easily understood from a visual perspective. The goal of this guidebook is two-fold: (1) to establish a fundamental level of knowledge in video concepts, and (2) to frame the discussion within the concept of systems engineering to provide a logical, consistent, and structured approach to video system development and deployment.
Clinical Use of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Children With Cerebral Palsy, Part 2: Upper Extremity (1993)

This report, part 2 of a two-part case report on the clinical use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for children with cerebral palsy, documents the functional changes that occurred with the application of NMES to the upper extremity of two children, 1.6 and 6.7 years of age, with hemiplegia due to cerebral palsy. The NMES was used as an adjunct to a dynamic-systems, task-oriented physical therapy program. The youngest child showed immediate improvement in the ability to crawl and use both hands together. The older child demonstrated increased sensory awareness and use of the nonfunctional hand. Preliminary findings suggest that NMES may be a useful physical therapy tool for enhancing muscle strength, increasing sensory awareness, and assisting motor learning and coordination.
Notebook input devices put to the age test: the usability of trackpoint and touchpad for middle-aged adults (2007)

In two experiments, the usability of input devices integrated into computer notebooks was under study. The most common input devices, touchpad (experiment 1) and trackpoint (experiment 2) were examined. So far, the evaluation of mobile input devices has been restricted to younger users. However, due to ongoing demographic change, the main target group of mobile devices will be older users. Therefore, the present study focused on ageing effects. A total of 14 middle-aged (40-65 years) and 20 younger (20-32 years) users were compared regarding speed and accuracy of cursor control in a point-click and a point-drag-drop task. Moreover, the effects of training were addressed by examining the performance increase over time. In total, 640 trials per task and input device were executed. The results show that ageing is a central factor to be considered in input device design. Middle-aged users were significantly slower than younger users when executing the different tasks. Over time, a significant training effect was observed for both devices and both age groups, although the benefit of training was greater for the middle-aged group. Generally, the touchpad performance was higher than the trackpoint performance in both age groups, but the age-related performance decrements were less distinct when using the touchpad.
Seismic Stratigraphy and Global Changes of Sea Level, Part 9<subtitle>Seismic Interpretation of Clastic Depositional Facies<xref ref-type="fn" rid="ch03-9fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref></subtitle> (1977)

Papers from a research symposium at the 1975 American Association of Petroleum Geologists and supplemented by later reports became "Seismic Stratigraphy Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration", one of AAPG's best-selling book publications. Dramatic improvements in seismic imaging were demonstrated, a result of developments in seismic data quality and the processing capability of electronic technology. Twenty-eight articles are grouped into three sections. The first describes principles that both permit and also limit interpretations. The second section presents sixteen articles that describe the qualitative approach to stratigraphic interpretations of reflection records, and the final section presents techniques and examples of modeling. Of particular interest are a series of eleven papers in the second section under the subject heading of "Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level". Prepared by P. R. Vail, R. M. Mitchum and others from Exxon, they describe the regional unconformities and stratigraphic changes resulting from sea level fluctuations, and the manner in which these changes can be interpreted from seismic surveys. For many individuals within the oil industry who purchased this book, it was their first introduction to the modern concept of sequence stratigraphy that would have a major impact on the methodology of petroleum exploration.
<scp>l</scp>-Carnitine<scp>l</scp>-tartrate supplementation favorably affects markers of recovery from exercise stress (2002)

We examined the influence of L-carnitine L-tartrate (LCLT) on markers of purine catabolism, free radical formation, and muscle tissue disruption after squat exercise. With the use of a balanced, crossover design (1 wk washout), 10 resistance-trained men consumed a placebo or LCLT supplement (2 g L-carnitine/day) for 3 wk before obtaining blood samples on six consecutive days (D1 to D6). Blood was also sampled before and after a squat protocol (5 sets, 15-20 repetitions) on D2. Muscle tissue disruption at the midthigh was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before exercise and on D3 and D6. Exercise-induced increases in plasma markers of purine catabolism (hypoxanthine, xanthine oxidase, and serum uric acid) and circulating cytosolic proteins (myoglobin, fatty acid-binding protein, and creatine kinase) were significantly (P < or = 0.05) attenuated by LCLT. Exercise-induced increases in plasma malondialdehyde returned to resting values sooner during LCLT compared with placebo. The amount of muscle disruption from MRI scans during LCLT was 41-45% of the placebo area. These data indicate that LCLT supplementation is effective in assisting recovery from high-repetition squat exercise.
MRI-Based Attenuation Correction for Emission Tomography using Ultrashort Echo Time Sequences (2012)

Sequences 239 19.5 Principle of UTE-MRI-Based Attenuation Correction 239 19.6 Brain PET-MRI 240 19.7 Whole-Body PET-MRI 243 19.8 Rat Micro-Spect-MRI 245 19.
Antioxidative effect of lactic acid-stabilized copper nanoparticles prepared in aqueous solution (2012)

Copper nanoparticles are an alternative for the currently used silver and gold nanoparticles in inkjet printing of conductive patterns because of the low cost and high electrical conductivity. However, a serious impediment to using copper nanoparticles for conductive inks is their spontaneous oxidation. This paper describes a simple, large-scale and high-throughput (0.2 M) process for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles in aqueous solution at room temperature in a short reaction period. The well-dispersed antioxidative copper pastes were prepared by dispersing the nanoparticles in an ethanol solution of lactic acid, and then depositing on glass slides. The resistivity of the conductive copper film was 14.0 ± 4.5 μΩ cm after annealing at 200 °C for 30 min in nitrogen, which was about eight times of the resistivity of bulk copper (1.7 μΩ cm). The copper nanoparticles and films were characterized by TEM, UV-vis, SEM, XRD and XPS. Lactic acid-stabilized copper nanoparticles showed relatively better disperse stability and resistance to oxidation than the other carboxylic acids. Furthermore, the copper film after annealing at 200 °C for 30 min in nitrogen showed antioxidative characteristics. It was experimentally proven that lactic acid could react with the copper oxides surrounding copper nanoparticles to form copper lactate, which was then reduced to copper in the annealing process.
Association of Animal and Plant Proteins Intake with Hypertension in Iranian Adult Population: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (2017)

Background: There is evidence regarding the relationship between dietary proteins intake and blood pressure (BP), but they had inconsistent results. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the association between different kinds of protein intake (animal and plant protein) and BP. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from Isfahan Healthy Heart Program. We performed a cross-sectional study among 9660 randomly selected Iranian adults aged ≥19-year-old that they were selected from three large Iranian regions in 2007. A simplified validated 48-item-food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake including all kinds of protein. Systolic and diastolic BPs were measured in duplicate by trained personnel using a standard protocol. Multivariable regressions were applied to assess the relationship between protein intake and BP levels and the presence of hypertension (HTN). Results: More frequent consumption of animal, plant, and total protein intake were inversely associated with BP in a crude model ( P < 0.001); however, after adjustment for potential confounders this relationship remained only for plant protein ( P = 0.04). The risk of HTN occurrence decreased in the highest quintile of total and plant protein consumption by 19% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.81; confidence interval [CI]: [0.65–0.96]; P for trend = 0.004) and 18% (OR = 0.82; [CI: (0.67–0.94]; P for trend = 0.03), respectively. Conclusions: More frequent protein intake, especially plant protein consumption was inversely associated with BP and risk of HTN among Iranian adults.
Massenspektrometrische Untersuchungen von Argon-Stickstoff-Gemischen und Stickstoff (1960)

Bei massenspektrometrischen Untersuchungen von A— N 2 -Gemischen verschiedener anteilmäßiger Zusammensetzung wurden die bisher unbekannten Molekülionen AN 2 + und AN + nachgewiesen. Als wahrscheinlichster Bildungsprozeß für die AN 2 + -Ionen wird die Reaktion A′+ N 2 → AN 2 + + e - angenommen. Der Anregungszustand A′ ist vermutlich mit dem an der A 2 + -Bildung beteiligten identisch. Für die Bildung der AN + -Ionen wird der Prozeß (N 2 + )′+ A → AN + N als wahrscheinlich angesehen. Über den Anregungszustand (N 2 + )′ des Stickstoffmolekülions kann z. Zt. keine Aussage gemacht werden. — Bei Untersuchungen von Stickstoff wurde das bereits von anderen Autoren nachgewiesene N 3 + -Ion gefunden, dessen Entstehung in dem untersuchten Druckbereich durch die bisher nicht bekannte Reaktion (N 2 + )′+N 2 → N 3 + + N beschrieben wird. Ein Ion N 4 + mit der Masse 56, dessen Existenz von anderer Seite behauptet wird, konnte unter den vorliegenden Versuchsbedingungen nicht gefunden werden.
ABT-737 is highly effective against molecular subgroups of multiple myeloma (2011)

Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy that is heterogeneous with respect to its causative molecular abnormalities and the treatment response of patients. The Bcl-2 protein family is critical for myeloma cell survival. ABT-737 is a cell-permeant compound that binds to Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) but not to Mcl-1. Using a myeloma cell line collection (n = 25) representative of different molecular translocations, we showed that ABT-737 effectively kills a subset of cell lines (n = 6), with a median lethal dose ranging from 7 ± 0.4 nM to 150 ± 7.5 nM. Of interest, all sensitive cell lines harbored a t(11;14). We demonstrated that ABT-737-sensitive and ABT-737-resistant cell lines could be differentiated by the BCL2/MCL1 expression ratio. A screen of a public expression database of myeloma patients indicates that the BCL2/MCL1 ratio of t(11;14) and hyperdiploid patients was significantly higher than in all other groups (P < .001). ABT-737 first induced the disruption of Bcl-2/Bax, Bcl-2/Bik, or Bcl-2/Puma complexes, followed by the disruption of Bcl-2 heterodimers with Bak and Bim. Altogether, the identification of a subset of cell lines and primary cells effectively killed by ABT-737 alone supported the evaluation of ABT-263, an orally active counterpart to ABT-737, for the treatment of t(11;14) and hyperdiploid groups of myeloma harboring a Bcl-2(high)/Mcl-1(low) profile.
Hypocholesterolemia in patients treated with recombinant interleukin-2: appearance of remnant-like lipoproteins. (1989)

Reversible acute hypocholesterolemia was observed during treatment of metastatic cancer with high-dose intravenous recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2). Further analysis revealed virtual disappearance of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and marked reduction in the concentration of low-density lipoproteins (LDL); the remaining LDL and intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) were enriched in triglyceride relative to cholesterol and had broad-beta electrophoretic mobility, properties reminiscent of remnant lipoproteins. These changes differ qualitatively and quantitatively from those previously reported for other cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or the interferons (IFNs).
2<i>H</i>-Chromenes from Salicylaldehydes by a Catalytic Petasis Reaction (2000)

The Petasis condensation of vinylic or aromatic boronic acids, aromatic aldehydes, and amines is assisted by a hydroxy group adjacent to the aldehyde moiety. The products derived from salicylaldehydes and vinylboronic acids undergo cyclization to 2H-chromene compounds with ejection of amine upon heating. A catalytic preparation of 2H-chromenes using resin-bound amine is reported, allowing the convenient incorporation of a variety of components.
IGF-binding protein-5: flexible player in the IGF system and effector on its own (2002)

The multiple activities of IGF-I and -II are modulated by a family of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to -6). Although structurally related, each IGFBP has unique properties and exerts specific functions. IGFBP-5 is the most conserved IGFBP across species and was identified as an essential regulator of physiological processes in bone, kidney and mammary gland. In addition, IGFBP-5 appears to play a decisive role in the control of proliferation of specific tumour cell types. In many situations IGFBP5 exerts biological activities in the absence of IGFs, indicating the existence of IGF-independent actions. This concept was supported by the unexpected localisation of IGFBP-5 in the nucleus and the description of IGFBP-5-specific membrane-bound IGFBP-5 receptor(s). The scope of this review is to summarise the available information about the structure of IGFBP-5 and the regulation of its expression. Furthermore, the potential significance of IGFBP-5 in the regulation of physiological processes will be critically analysed in the light of recent experimental data.
[TNF: antitumoral agent at the border lines of immunity and inflammation]. (1991)

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF) is mainly produced by activated monocytes and exerts pleiotropic biological effects on a wide variety of both normal and transformed cells. Originally described for its capacity to induce hemorrhagic necrosis of transplantable tumors in vivo and cytolysis of some tumor cells in vitro, TNF has also been shown to play an essential role during the inflammatory response, exerting dual, both beneficial and deleterious, effects. TNF, via a local production appears to be a key cytokine involved in antiviral, antibacterial and antiparasitic host defense mechanisms. Contreversely, deregulation of the inflammatory and immune reactions can be associated with a systemic TNF production, leading to toxic secondary effects. Recent cloning of the TNF receptors has provided additional insights in the complex physiology of TNF. It is now clearly established that both type I and type II TNF receptors can be cleaved and released as TNF binding proteins. The soluble fragments of TNF receptors can inhibit TNF-mediated tumor cell lysis in vitro and might therefore serve as regulators of TNF action. The antitumor potency of TNF also reflects the pleiotropic aspect of TNF. TNF-induced tumor regression, observed in various preclinical studies, appears to result from at least three distinct biological effects: mainly hemorrhagic necrosis via TNF action on tumor endothelium, TNF immunomodulatory activity on immune effector cells, and presumably a direct TNF-mediated cytotoxic effect against tumor cells. From the clinical trials performed with distinct recombinant materials a consensus has emerged about the disappopinting anticancer efficacy of TNF used in systemic administration. Further studies, aimed at better understanding the complex action of TNF, are required to possibly enhance its therapeutic index and subsequently to assess whether TNF still remains a promising therapeutic agent.