gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Method for Evaluation of Energy Unit in Infrared Laser Isotope Separation . (1996)

This work presented a methodology in evaluating the energy unit from the energy required for photodissociation and the energy efficiency of the reactor in infrared laser isotope separation. The photon energy for producing 1 mol of the product was obtained from the absorption constant and the dissociation probability. The value of that photon energy in the case of infrared multiphoton dissociation of UF6 for a typical enrichment condition of uranium (3% enrichment and 0.2% depletion) has been estimated to be about seven times as large as the U-F bond energy. The energy efficiency of the photodissociation reactor was dependent on the axial distribution of the fluence. Estimation of the efficiency of a uranium isotope separation reactor has shown that an irradiation geometry where two beams with the same fluence irradiate in directions counter to each other gave a higher value of efficiency than did an irradiation geometry with one combined beam. The value of the reactor efficiency obtained in the former irradiation geometry for uranium enrichment (3% enrichment and 0.2% depletion) was 0.63.
Diethylgermanium Compounds (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiethylgermanium CompoundsEugene G. RochowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 1, 198Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01157a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01157a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fully-Integrated Two-Stage GaN MMIC Doherty Power Amplifier for LTE Small Cells (2016)

A novel two-stage Doherty power amplifier (PA) was designed and fully integrated on a 0.25-μm GaN on SiC monolithic microwave integrated circuit die with a dimension of 3.3 × 2.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> to build small-cell base stations. An asymmetric Doherty configuration was adopted for the power stage with the reversed uneven input power splitting network for better performance. To improve linearity, the third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) was minimized by cancelling IMD3s between the carrier and peaking amplifiers. The two-section quarterwave transformer was used for more uniform in-band frequency responses. The fabricated PA showed a power-added efficiency of 46.8% and a power gain of 30.9 dB at an average power of 35.1 dBm for a 2.655-GHz long-term evolution signal with a 7.1-dB peak-to-average power ratio. The adjacent channel leakage ratio was -40.2 dBc without any linearization, and it was lowered to -49.3 dBc by a digital pre-distortion linearization.
SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells in unexposed humans: presence of cross-reactive memory cells does not equal protective immunity (2020)

Using human blood samples obtained from pre-pandemic donors, a recent article by Mateus et al. in Science provided new evidence that SARS-CoV-2-reactive T-cells in unexposed donors are indeed HCoV-specific T-cells. Different clinical manifestations of COVID-19 have been observed: asymptomatic infections, mild self-limiting disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. The determinants underlying disease severity currently remain elusive; since severe patients often present with immune hyperresponsiveness, it is speculated that the host' immune response could be a contributing factor to severe disease.
Audio-to-visual conversion for multimedia communication (1998)

Although humans rely primarily on hearing to process speech, they can also extract a great deal of information with their eyes through lipreading. This skill becomes extremely important when the acoustic signal is degraded by noise. It would, therefore, be beneficial to find methods to reinforce acoustic speech with a synthesized visual signal for high noise environments. This paper addresses the interaction between acoustic speech and visible speech. Algorithms for converting audible speech into visible speech are examined, and applications which can utilize this conversion process are presented. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to animate a natural-looking talking head using acoustic speech as an input.
A new hybrid actuator approach for force-feedback devices (2012)

A new concept of hybrid actuator for haptic devices is proposed. This system combines a controllable magnetorheological brake with a conventional DC motor. Both actuators are linked through an overrunning clutch. Thus, the motor is connected to the handle while the brake can exert a resistive force only in a defined direction. This configuration enables the brake and the motor to be engaged at the same time because the torque imposed by the motor is not canceled by the brake. The concept and its control laws have been investigated using a 1-DOF haptic device. The experimental results show that is possible to combine a powerful brake with a small DC motor. This approach reduces the power consumption, expand the range of forces, achieve global stability in the system providing thereby safety to the user. Besides, the proposed independent control laws enable the actuator to be adaptable in many different haptic applications.
Nadie hablará de nosotras cuando hayamos muerto: marginación y realismo (1995)

Background Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration in cord blood measured at birth has been proposed as an indicator of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Elevated TSH levels at birth were associated with cognitive and psychomotor disorders among young children. Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the epidemiology of CH using cord blood TSH screening among 2501 newborn infants in the period from January to November 2016 in Bisha Province, Saudi Arabia. Methodology This cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted at King Abdullah Hospital, Bisha, which is a secondary care referral district general hospital with 400 beds. All neonates born in the designed period were included and screened according to the standard CH screening protocol. Data was collected from all neonates born in the designed period. The screening was performed according to the standard CH screening protocol. After birth, cord blood specimens were used. TSH was measured by Perkin Elmer ELISA machine. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). A p-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant. Main results A total of 1308 (52.3%) neonates were males, while 1193 (47.7%) were females. Serum TSH levels were ranged from 0.01-73.9 µU/ml. The mean ± SD was (7.60 ± 6.02 µU/ml); the cutoff point was 25 µU/ml. Conclusion The prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism among Saudi neonates in Bisha Province is 1:834, which is the highest in the rejoin. The prevalence of hypothyroidism from the total screened population was (0.12%). We recommended screening with special consideration to those with high TSH in the primary screening.
Glucocorticoids Increase Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-Related Peptide Gene Expression via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in the Arcuate Nucleus of Rats (2008)

Recent studies suggest that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in the hypothalamus is the master regulator of energy balance. We reported in previous studies that glucocorticoids play a permissive role in the regulation of orexigenic neuropeptide Y (Npy) gene expression in the arcuate nucleus. In this study, we examined whether any cross talk occurs between glucocorticoids and AMPK signaling in the hypothalamus to regulate Npy as well as agouti-related peptide (Agrp) gene expression in the arcuate nucleus. In the hypothalamic organotypic cultures, the addition to the medium of the AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-d-ribofuranoside, increased phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) as well as phosphorylated acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (p-ACC) in the explants, accompanied by significant increases in Npy and Agrp gene expression in the arcuate nucleus. The incubation with dexamethasone (DEX) also activated AMPK signaling in the explants, accompanied by significant increases in Npy and Agrp gene expression in the arcuate nucleus. The addition of the AMPK inhibitor compound C to the medium, which blocked increases of p-AMPK and p-ACC by DEX, significantly attenuated Npy and Agrp gene expression stimulated by DEX. Furthermore, p-AMPK and p-ACC levels in the arcuate nucleus were significantly decreased in adrenalectomized rats compared with sham-operated rats, and a replacement of glucocorticoids reversed the AMPK signaling in adrenalectomized rats. Thus, our data demonstrated that glucocorticoids up-regulate the Npy and Agrp gene expression in the arcuate nucleus through AMPK signaling, suggesting that the activation of the hypothalamic APMK signaling by glucocorticoids might be essential to the energy homeostasis.
Performance analysis of manufacturing systems under hybrid control policies (1996)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1996.
The Last Room (1993)

Valerie Barton, born into the third generation of African-Jamaicans after the abolition of European slavery, must take the family from the last room of the vestiges of slavery, into the mansions of the world. This book is the winner of the 1991 Ruth Hadden Memorial Prize.
MicroRNA Modulation in Obesity and Periodontitis (2011)

The aim of this pilot investigation was to determine if microRNA expression differed in the presence or absence of obesity, comparing gingival biopsies obtained from patients with or without periodontal disease. Total RNA was extracted from gingival biopsy samples collected from 20 patients: 10 non-obese patients (BMI < 30 kg/m(2)) and 10 obese patients (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)), each group with 5 periodontally healthy sites and 5 chronic periodontitis sites. MicroRNA expression patterns were assessed with a quantitative microRNA PCR array to survey 88 candidate microRNA species. Four microRNA databases were used to identify potential relevant mRNA target genes of differentially expressed microRNAs. Two microRNA species (miR-18a, miR-30e) were up-regulated among obese individuals with a healthy periodontium. Two microRNA species (miR-30e, miR-106b) were up-regulated in non-obese individuals with periodontal disease. In the presence of periodontal disease and obesity, 9 of 11 listed microRNAs were significantly up-regulated (miR-15a, miR-18a, miR-22, miR-30d, miR-30e, miR-103, miR-106b, miR-130a, miR-142-3p, miR-185, and miR-210). Predicted targets include 69 different mRNAs from genes that comprise cytokines, chemokines, specific collagens, and regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism. The expression of specific microRNA species in obesity, which could also target and post-transcriptionally modulate cytokine mRNA, provides new insight into possible mechanisms of how risk factors might modify periodontal inflammation and may represent novel therapeutic targets.
Electromyography in cycling: difference between clipless pedal and toe clip pedal. (2001)

The purpose of this study was to verify if there is electromyographic difference in biceps femoris (long portion), semitendinous, semimembranous and gastrocnemius (lateralis and medialis) muscles, using clipless pedal and toe clip pedal. Thirty seven triathletes answered a questionnaire about their preferred type of pedal, which showed that 5.4% used toe clip pedal and 94.6% used clipless pedal. Four male triathletes (age: 21.75 +/- 2.50 years old; cycling experience: 5.00 +/- 2.45 years; preferred cadence: 83.75 +/- 7.5 rpm) rode their own bicycles on a stationary roller at 100 rpm. The subjects performed one trial with each type of pedal. Bipolar surface electrodes placed on right lower limb picked up the EMG signal during 6 s. A band-pass filter (10-600 Hz) was used. Two muscles (semitendinous and semimembranous) presented lower activity with clipless pedal for all subjects. Biceps femoris and gastrocnemius lateralis presented lower activity with clipless pedal for three subjects. This led us to conclude that there is less electromyographic activity with the use of clipless pedal.
A 'stages of change' approach to helping patients change behavior. (2000)

Helping patients change behavior is an important role for family physicians. Change interventions are especially useful in addressing lifestyle modification for disease prevention, long-term disease management and addictions. The concepts of "patient noncompliance" and motivation often focus on patient failure. Understanding patient readiness to make change, appreciating barriers to change and helping patients anticipate relapse can improve patient satisfaction and lower physician frustration during the change process. In this article, we review the Transtheoretical Model of Change, also known as the Stages of Change model, and discuss its application to the family practice setting. The Readiness to Change Ruler and the Agenda-Setting Chart are two simple tools that can be used in the office to promote discussion.
Developing a toolkit for PBCS: A collaboration between AIATSIS and the North Queensland Land Council (2014)

The Native Title Research Unit at AIATSIS and the North Queensland Land Council (NQLC) are currently working together to develop a comprehensive information resource for the directors, staff and management of the 23 Prescribed Bodies Corporate (PBCs) in the NQLC region. AIATSIS and NQLC have been discussing the concept for a PBC toolkit over the past year, and in June formalised the partnership through an agreement which will see a team of AIATSIS and NQLC staff dedicating time over the next 6 months to develop the content for a PBC toolkit.
High Frequency Blocking Characteristics Measurement of the Power Line Trap Based on Correlation Theory (2009)

This article briefly introduces the composing of high-frequency wave trapper,and a new method based on traditional correlation theory is presented.Cross-correlation functions of the two measured signals are directly computed and some properties about correlation and sine function are adopted to separate the useful signals from the part noises,so the measurement accuracy is improved.The conclusions are supported by the results of simulation experiments.Primary chart of systemic configurable design is drawn as a model to make apparatuses for wave trapper measurement.
Signal processing challenges for wireless communications (2004)

Wireless communications allow for the application of a number of signal processing techniques. However, in many instances the success of the application depends on the proper accounting for the interaction of the signal processing problem with other disciplines such as propagation and channel modeling, communication and information theory, and processor circuit architectures. We discuss the incidence of propagation studies and channel modeling on channel correlation and hence on channel estimation performance (orthogonality of pilots), the interaction between modulation technique and the ease of training based channel estimation, the interaction between transmission scheme (continuous or block-wise) and temporal fading modeling and handling, modulation and signal processing (linear preceding) for diversity exploitation, approximate normal equation solutions for various signal types (speech vs CDMA, sparse significant correlations vs. dense weak correlations), interaction between channel modeling and CDMA receiver circuit architecture, higher-level adaptivity in adaptive filtering (filter order, temporal variation scale) and robustness in receiver design with estimated parameters.
Synthesis, Structural Reassignment, and Biological Activity of Type B MAO Inhibitors Based on the 5<i>H</i>-Indeno[1,2-<i>c</i>]pyridazin-5-one Core (2006)

The synthesis and enzyme inhibitor properties of reversible type B monoamine oxidase inhibitors are described. These compounds belong to the 5H-indeno[1,2-c]pyridazine family and possess a hydrophobic benzyloxy or 4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy side chain which, in contrast to a previous assignment, has been unambiguously located at C(8) of the heterocyclic moiety. Investigation of the regioisomeric structures establishes that substitution of the 5H-indeno[1,2-c]pyridazin-5-one core at C(7) vs C(8) dramatically influences the MAO-inhibiting properties of these compounds.
Mathematical predictions of electroacoustic frequency response of <i>i</i> <i>n</i> <i>s</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>u</i> hearing aids (1978)

The amplitude spectrum of an acoustic signal presented to the microphone of a hearing aid is altered drastically before it finally reaches the user's eardrum. A major part of this alteration is due to the interaction of various mechanical and acoustic resonances which are characteristic of the hearing-aid receiver and the sound transmission system linking the receiver with the eardrum. Because of the complexity of this phenomenon, there is yet no means for predicting, a priori, the true shape of the sound spectrum that will occur at the user's eardrum. This paper reports on the development and testing of just such a scheme. The accuracy of this scheme--a computer-aided mathematical technique--is measured in the laboratory on real and artificial ears. The results of those measurements show good agreement between experimental and computer-generated data below 5000 Hz.
Near-infrared transmittance pulse oximetry with laser diodes (2003)

Pulse oximeters are widely used for noninvasive monitoring of oxygen saturation in arterial blood hemoglobin. We present a transmittance pulse oximetry system based on near-infrared (NIR) laser diodes (750 and 850 nm) for monitoring oxygen saturation of arterial blood hemoglobin. The pulse oximetry system is made up of the optical sensor, sensor electronics, and processing block. Also, we show experimental results obtained during the development of the whole NIR transmittance pulse oximetry system along with modifications in the sensor configuration, signal processing algorithm, and calibration procedure. Issues concerning wavelength selection and its implications for the improvement of the transmittance pulse oximetry technique are discussed. The results obtained demonstrate the proposed system's usefulness in monitoring a wide range of oxygen saturation levels.
Hereditary Causes of Disturbed Iron Homeostasis in the Central Nervous System (2004)

Iron is essential for oxidation-reduction catalysis and bioenergetics; however, unless appropriately shielded, this metal plays a crucial role in the formation of toxic oxygen radicals that can attack all biological molecules. Organisms are equipped with specific proteins designed for iron acquisition, export and transport, and storage, as well as with sophisticated mechanisms that maintain the intracellular labile iron pool at an appropriate level. Despite these homeostatic mechanisms, organisms often face the threat of either iron deficiency or iron overload. This review describes several hereditary iron-overloading conditions that are confined to the brain. Recently, a mutation in the L-subunit of ferritin has been described that causes the formation of aberrant L-ferritin with an altered C-terminus. Individuals with this mutation in one allele of L-ferritin have abnormal aggregates of ferritin and iron in the brain, primarily in the globus pallidus. Patients with this dominantly inherited late-onset disease present with symptoms of extrapyramidal dysfunction. Mice with a targeted disruption of a gene for iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2), a translational repressor of ferritin, misregulate iron metabolism in the intestinal mucosa and the central nervous system. Significant amounts of ferritin and iron accumulate in white matter tracts and nuclei, and adult IRP2-deficient mice develop a movement disorder consisting of ataxia, bradykinesia, and tremor. Mutations in the frataxin gene are responsible for Friedreich's ataxia, the most common of the inherited ataxias. Frataxin appears to regulate mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster formation, and the neurologic and cardiac manifestations of Friedreich's ataxia are due to iron-mediated mitochondrial toxicity. Patients with Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome, an autosomal recessive, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, have mutations in a novel pantothenate kinase gene (PANK2). The cardinal feature of this extrapyramidal disease is pathologic iron accumulation in the globus pallidus. The defect in PANK2 is predicted to cause the accumulation of cysteine, which binds iron and causes oxidative stress in the iron-rich globus pallidus. Finally, aceruloplasminemia is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism caused by loss-of-function mutations in ceruloplasmin gene that leads to misregulation of both systemic and central nervous system iron trafficking. Affected individuals suffer from extrapyramidal signs, cerebellar ataxia, progressive neurodegeneration of retina, and diabetes mellitus. Excessive iron depositions are found in the brain, liver, pancreas, and other parenchymal cells, but plasma iron concentrations are decreased. These conditions are not common, but awareness about them is important for differential diagnosis of various neurodegenerative disorders.
New lipid-lowering agents (2003)

Lipid-lowering is established as a proven intervention to reduce atherosclerosis and its complications. This article summarises imminent developments in lipid-lowering therapy, including new statins and cholesterol absorption inhibitors currently undergoing investigation for licensing. It also discusses other therapeutic targets such as squalene synthase, microsomal transfer protein (MTP), acyl-cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT), cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), peroxosimal proliferator activating receptors (PPARs) and lipoprotein (a) (LP(a)), for which compounds have been developed and have at least reached trials in animal models. Lipid-lowering drugs are likely to prove a fast-developing area for novel treatments, as possible synergies exist between new and established compounds for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
An AC self-bearing rotating machine with a single set of windings (2002)

A self-bearing motor is an integrated device that possesses magnetic bearing capability in addition to the normal torque-producing function. Conventional self-bearing motors have a poor specific power rating and require a high number of power electronic switches. These disadvantages arise from the manner in which the windings are connected. This paper outlines an approach to the realisation of self-bearing motors using a single set of windings with advantages such as: relatively low RMS power loss for a given performance; requiring only one standard power supply for torque production and additional supplies of low current and voltage ratings for the production of lateral force; and preserving the flexibility for extensions to other polyphase machines. Coupled field finite elements simulations are performed to verify this new connection scheme.