gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da Composição de Vários Alimentos e Determinação da Cinética Ruminal da Proteína, Utilizando o Método de Produção de Gás e Amônia in Vitro (2002)

Realizaram-se determinações químicas e estudos sobre a cinética ruminal dos compostos nitrogenados de 24 alimentos concentrados e 10 volumosos, utilizando as medições das concentrações de nitrogênio solúvel em ácido tricloroacético e a produção de gás. Foram utilizados 200 mL de líquido ruminal e 800 mL do meio fermentador para a incubação de 100 tubos. Para 400 mL do meio fermentador foi pesado 1,0 g de trypticase e adicionado 0,1 mL de uma solução de microminerais. Para 200 mL da solução tampão pesaram-se 0,8 g de bicarbonato de amônia e 7 g de bicarbonato de sódio e, para preparar 200 mL da solução de macrominerais, foram pesados 1,15 g de fosfato de sódio dibásico, 1,25 g de fosfato de potássio dibásico e 0,1 g de sulfato de magnésio. Foram preparados 100 mL de solução redutora, pesando 0,64 g de cisteína-HCL, 0,64 g de sulfeto de sódio, adicionando-se 4 mL de hidróxido de sódio 1N e água destilada. A degradação dos compostos nitrogenados dos alimentos foi determinada nos tempos 6 e 12 horas, incubando-se 1,875 mg de N com 0, 33, 67 e 100 mg de amido, 6 mL do meio fermentador, 4 mL da mistura líquido ruminal-meio fermentador e 0,1 mL da solução redutora utilizando-se CO2. As estimativas das taxas de degradação, nos tempos 6 e 12 horas, mostraram que farelo de glúten de milho, caseína, grão moído de amendoim, raspa de mandioca, silagem de sorgo com e sem inóculo, silagem de milho e capim-gordura apresentaram proteínas de rápida degradação. A mais lenta degradação foi observada para os alimentos: levedura de cana-de-açúcar, farinha de penas, farinha de peixe, cama de frango de cepilha de madeira e capim-braquiária. As estimativas foram maiores que as observadas previamente com o método de inibidores, para os alimentos volumosos. Recomenda-se utilizar o tempo de 12 horas para a avaliação dos concentrados e 6 horas para os volumosos.
Green fluorescent protein as a novel species-specific marker in enteric dual-species biofilms (1998)

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used as a tool to examine the interactions between pairs of bacterial species and their effects on subsequent biofilm development over 24 h. A plasmid encoding GFP from Aequorea victoria was transformed into strains of Enterobacter agglomerans and Escherichia coli ATCC 11229. The development of dual-species biofilms, containing one fluorescent and one non-fluorescent partner, was examined using viable counts. UV illumination of plates enabled both species to be identified in a mixture. The spatial distribution of each species was examined by UV microscopy, simultaneously staining the non-fluorescent strain with propidium iodide. GFP fluorescence was measured to quantify the adhesion of the strains to other cells or cell constituents or the invasion into pre-existing biofilms. Co-operation between Ent. agglomerans/GFP and Klebsiella pneumoniae G1 resulted in a 54 and a 23% increase in biofilm formation, respectively, compared with single-species biofilms. E. coli/GFP and Serratia marcescens 87b stably co-existed in biofilms but did not affect the growth of each other. The other bacterial partnerships examined were competitive, with the end result that one species dominated the biofilm. The methods described provide a convenient technique for the examination of mixed-species biofilm communities where the unique interactions between species determine the true properties of the resultant biofilms.
Generalization in Reinforcement Learning: Successful Examples Using Sparse Coarse Coding (1995)

On large problems, reinforcement learning systems must use parameterized function approximators such as neural networks in order to generalize between similar situations and actions. In these cases there are no strong theoretical results on the accuracy of convergence, and computational results have been mixed. In particular, Boyan and Moore reported at last year&apos;s meeting a series of negative results in attempting to apply dynamic programming together with function approximation to simple control problems with continuous state spaces. In this paper, we present positive results for all the control tasks they attempted, and for one that is significantly larger. The most important differences are that we used sparse-coarse-coded function approximators (CMACs) whereas they used mostly global function approximators, and that we learned online whereas they learned offline. Boyan and Moore and others have suggested that the problems they encountered could be solved by using actual outcomes (...
Mining Security-Sensitive Operations in Legacy Code Using Concept Analysis (2007)

This paper presents an approach to statically retrofit legacy servers with mechanisms for authorization policy enforcement. The approach is based upon the observation that security-sensitive operations performed by a server are characterized by idiomatic resource manipulations, called fingerprints. Candidate fingerprints are automatically mined by clustering resource manipulations using concept analysis. These fingerprints are then used to identify security-sensitive operations performed by the server. Case studies with three real-world servers show that the approach can be used to identify security-sensitive operations with a few hours of manual effort and modest domain knowledge.
An investigation of channel estimation and equalization techniques for moderately rapid fading HF-channels (2002)

Two basic schemes of channel estimation/prediction and decision-feedback equalization (DFE) for moderately rapid fading dispersive HF-channels are investigated. Simulation results show that non-adaptive adjustment of DFE coefficients by direct calculation from the estimated channel impulse response has the potential of being significantly more robust channel time variations than a DFE employing adaptive coefficient tracking. Receiver performance is now limited by the quality of the channel estimate rather than the equalizer's adaptive algorithm. An optimized state-of-the-art adaptive estimator/predictor featuring individual adaptation of channel coefficients is shown to recover part of the potential performance gain.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Convenient preparation of 5-alkyl-4-carbalkoxy-1,2,3-thiadiazoles (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient preparation of 5-alkyl-4-carbalkoxy-1,2,3-thiadiazolesMaurice CaronCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 21, 4075–4077Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00371a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00371a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views336Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Nitrogen-doped activated carbon for a high energy hybrid supercapacitor (2015)

The present work provides a novel one-step synthesis for nitrogen-doped activated carbon. The excellent performance of the N-doped AC allows its further application in a hybrid-type supercapacitor, which utilizes a combination of the capacitor electrode and a Li-ion battery anode.
New cavity design for a LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator (1986)

A new cavity design for a Nd–YAG-pumped LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator has been developed for resonating the low-frequency component between 2.2 and 4.0 μ. The design allows for rapid conversion between medium (0.8 cm−1) and high (0.06 cm−1) resolution configurations. The use of digital feedback servocontrols enables computer scanning over a range of 400 and 4 cm−1 in medium- and high-resolution modes, respectively.
Data consistency in a distributed persistent object system (2002)

A major issue in persistent systems is preserving data consistency in the presence of concurrency and failures. This paper presents a persistent system PC++ that takes an atomic data type approach to resolving this issue. Unlike existing systems, support for atomic data types in PC++ is implicit so that programmers are required to do very little extra work to make an object atomic. Programmers implement atomic data types as if for a sequential and reliable environment and specify the conflict relationship between object operations separately in a small, but expressive declarative language. The PC++ system will then automatically provide appropriate synchronisation and recovery code for atomic objects according to their conflict relation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibition of cellular lipid biosynthesis by sulfated oxysterol is mediated via the LXR pathway (2009)

Nuclear oxysterol receptor, Liver X receptor (LXR) is a key transcriptional regulator of liver lipid metabolism. We recently identified the oxysterol 25‐diol 3‐sulfate (25HC3S) as an important regulatory molecule in liver. We now have studied the effects of 25HC3S and its precursor, 25‐hydroxycholesterol (25HC) on the LXR/SREBP‐1 signaling pathway in microphages. Addition of 25HC3S to human macrophages markedly decreased nuclear LXR protein levels. Real time PCR and western blot results showed 25HC3S inhibited SREBP‐1 mRNA and protein mature form. 25HC3S decreased the expression of SREBP‐1‐responsive genes including acetyl CoA carboxylase‐1 and fatty acid synthase, as well as HMGR and LDLR, which are key proteins involved in lipids metabolism.Subsequently, Oil‐Red O staining and TLC found 25HC3S inhibited intracellular lipids accumulation.25HC as a LXR ligand had opposite effects, increasing ABCA1, ABCG1, SREBP‐1, and FAS mRNA levels in the macrophages. In the presence of 25HC3S, 25HC and LXR agonist T0901317 failed to increase LXR targeting gene expression. We conclude that 25HC3S acts in macrophage as cholesterol satiety signal, down‐regulating cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways via inhibition of LXR/SREBP signaling. These studies suggest that 25HC3S is a potent regulator of lipid metabolism in macrophages.
Loop Reactors (2010)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Description 2. Fields of Application 2.1. Liquid‐Phase Reactions 2.2. Two‐Phase Reactions 3. Practical Limitations 4. Design Methods 4.1. Experiments 4.2. Residence‐Time Distribution
An ultra-low-power fast-lock-in small-jitter all-digital DLL (2005)

Using binary-weighted differential-delay cells and an asynchronous binary search circuit, the proposed 1.0V 0.25 /spl mu/m all-digital DLL achieves nearly 2 orders of magnitude reduction in power consumption, a 36% reduction in jitter, and a 33% reduction in locking cycles, compared to conventional fast-lock mixed-mode DLL.
Branch and bound tree search for assigning cooperating UAVs to multiple tasks (2006)

This paper describes a branch and bound optimization algorithm for assigning cooperating homogeneous uninhabited aerial vehicles to multiple tasks. The combinatorial optimization problem is posed in the form of a decision tree, the structure of which enforces the required group coordination and precedence for cooperatively performing the multiple tasks. For path planning a Dubin's car model is used so that the vehicles' dynamic constraint, of minimum turning radius, is taken into account. The proposed optimization algorithm is initialized by a best-first search and candidate optimal solutions serve as a monotonically decreasing upper bound for the assignment cost. Euclidean distances are used for estimating the path length encoded in branches of the tree that have not yet been evaluated by the computationally intensive Dubin's optimization subroutine. This provides a lower bound for the cost of unevaluated assignments. We apply these upper and lower bounding procedures iteratively on active subsets within the feasible set, enabling efficient pruning of the solution tree. Using Monte Carlo simulations the performance of the search algorithm is analyzed for two different cost functions. It is shown that the algorithm's convergence rate is dependent on the optimized cost function of the cooperative mission
The human flavoproteome (2013)

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is an essential dietary compound used for the enzymatic biosynthesis of FMN and FAD. The human genome contains 90 genes encoding for flavin-dependent proteins, six for riboflavin uptake and transformation into the active coenzymes FMN and FAD as well as two for the reduction to the dihydroflavin form. Flavoproteins utilize either FMN (16%) or FAD (84%) while five human flavoenzymes have a requirement for both FMN and FAD. The majority of flavin-dependent enzymes catalyze oxidation-reduction processes in primary metabolic pathways such as the citric acid cycle, β-oxidation and degradation of amino acids. Ten flavoproteins occur as isozymes and assume special functions in the human organism. Two thirds of flavin-dependent proteins are associated with disorders caused by allelic variants affecting protein function. Flavin-dependent proteins also play an important role in the biosynthesis of other essential cofactors and hormones such as coenzyme A, coenzyme Q, heme, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, steroids and thyroxine. Moreover, they are important for the regulation of folate metabolites by using tetrahydrofolate as cosubstrate in choline degradation, reduction of N-5.10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to N-5-methyltetrahydrofolate and maintenance of the catalytically competent form of methionine synthase. These flavoenzymes are discussed in detail to highlight their role in health and disease.
Multilayer Binding of Proteins to Polymer Chains Grafted onto Porous Hollow-Fiber Membranes Containing Different Anion-Exchange Groups (2000)

Various anion-exchange groups were introduced into the polymer chains grafted onto a porous hollow-fiber membrane for protein recovery by radiation-induced graft polymerization and subsequent functionalization of a monomer containing an epoxy group. The graft chains extended from the pore surface toward the pore interior, resulting in the multilayer binding of proteins to the graft chains. Combinations of three anion-exchange groups, namely, amino (AM), ethylamino (EA), and diethylamino (DEA) groups, and three proteins, namely, beta-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, and urease, were examined to evaluate the degree of multilayer binding of protein to the graft chains in the permeation mode. Multilayer binding was observed for hollow-fiber membranes containing EA and DEA groups, with conversions of epoxy groups to EA or DEA groups of higher than 80%. The amount of adsorbed protein remained constant irrespective of the conversion for the hollow-fiber membrane containing an AM group. The dependence of the flux on the conversion was consistent with that of the degree of multilayer binding to the graft chains.
Automated secondary standard for liquid flowmeters (1977)

Calibration time is reduced from one hour to fifteen minutes. Accuracies of flowmeter calibrations are approximately 99.75 percent, using this standard. Standard is also used to test or set flow switches.
A polymerase‐chain‐reaction assay for the specific identification of transcripts encoded by individual carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)‐gene‐family members (1993)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor marker that belongs to a family of closely related molecules with variable expression patterns. We have developed sets of oligonucleotide primers for the specific amplification of transcripts from individual CEA-family members using the reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR). Specific primer sets were designed for CEA, non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA), biliary glycoprotein (BGP), carcinoembryonic antigen gene-family members 1, 6 and 7 (CGM1, CGM6 and CGM7), and one set for all pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) transcripts. Primers were first tested for their specificity against individual cDNA clones and product-hybridization with internal, transcript-specific oligonucleotides. Total RNA from 12 brain and 63 gynecological tumors were then tested for expression of CEA-related transcripts. None were found in tumors located in the brain, including various mesenchymal and neuro-epithelial tumors. CEA and NCA transcripts were, however, present in an adenocarcinoma located in the nasal sinuses. In ovarian mucinous adenocarcinomas, we always found co-expression of CEA and NCA transcripts, and occasionally BGP mRNA. CEA-related transcripts were also found in some serous, endometrioid and clear-cell ovarian carcinomas. CEA, NCA and BGP transcripts were present in endometrial carcinomas of the uterus and cervical carcinomas, whereas uterine leiomyomas were completely negative. No transcripts were found from CGM1, CGM6, CGM7 or from PSG genes in any of the tumors tested. The PCR data were compared with immunohistochemical investigations of ovarian tumors at the protein level using CEA (26/3/13)-, NCA-50/90 (9A6FR) and NCA-95 (80H3)-specific monoclonal antibodies.
Power reduction by aggressive synthesis design space exploration (2013)

An increasing focus on design productivity is shifting microprocessor design to more synthesis-centric design methodologies. Low power design is also rising in importance, even for higher performance server chips. This paper proposes a design methodology capitalizing on the relatively low cost of parallel synthesis job submission for design space exploration. By tailoring the design flow for parallel and iterative design space exploration we attempt to maximize the return on investment (ROI) of design effort. The methodology was applied to the IBM POWER7+™ microprocessor to save power during the second release of the chip. This paper provides an overview of the methodology as well as chip hardware measurements showing power savings.
23.3: Cholesteric Colloid of Ferroelectric Nano‐particles (2007)

Abstract In this paper, we report on the influence of sub‐micron ferroelectric particles on optical, dielectric and electro‐optical properties of cholesteric host. An ultra‐small fraction of ferroelectric nanoparticles in a cholesteric liquid crystal greatly increases the birefringence of the latter and its dielectric anisotropy that results in a broadening of the reflection band, decreasing of the driving voltage of the switching between bistable textures and in an increasing of its steepness.
Essential oil constituents of <i>Melia dubia</i>, a wild relative of <i>Azadirachta indica</i> growing in the Eastern Ghats of Peninsular India (2001)

Abstract The leaf essential oil of Melia dubia Cav. (Meliaceae) has been studied by GC–MS. The leaf essential oil consists chiefly of monoterpenes (35.71%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (27.98%), accompanied by a relatively much smaller amount of alkanes (11.17%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (9.26%) and phenylpropanoids (3.90%). The monoterpene camphene occurs as a major constituent (21.68%) of this leaf essential oil. It is accompanied by a noticeable amount of α‐ and β‐pinene (3.12% and 5.13%, respectively) and a much smaller amount of sabinene (2.75%). The oxygenated monoterpenes are distinctly dominated by the presence of the bicyclic ketone camphor (17.85%), while iso‐borneol and borneol are detected in much smaller amounts (4.15% and 1.12%, respectively). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactions of organic anions. 89. Reactions of carbon tetrachloride with carbon acids in catalytic two-phase system (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleReactions of organic anions. 89. Reactions of carbon tetrachloride with carbon acids in catalytic two-phase systemAndrzej Jonczyk, Andrzej Kwast, and Mieczyslaw MakoszaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 7, 1192–1194Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01321a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01321a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of versatile non-homologous end joining-based knock-in module for genome editing (2018)

CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing has dramatically accelerated genome engineering. An important aspect of genome engineering is efficient knock-in technology. For improved knock-in efficiency, the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair pathway has been used over the homology-dependent repair pathway, but there remains a need to reduce the complexity of the preparation of donor vectors. We developed the versatile NHEJ-based knock-in module for genome editing (VIKING). Using the consensus sequence of the time-honored pUC vector to cut donor vectors, any vector with a pUC backbone could be used as the donor vector without customization. Conditions required to minimize random integration rates of the donor vector were also investigated. We attempted to isolate null lines of the VDR gene in human HaCaT keratinocytes using knock-in/knock-out with a selection marker cassette, and found 75% of clones isolated were successfully knocked-in. Although HaCaT cells have hypotetraploid genome composition, the results suggest multiple clones have VDR null phenotypes. VIKING modules enabled highly efficient knock-in of any vectors harboring pUC vectors. Users now can insert various existing vectors into an arbitrary locus in the genome. VIKING will contribute to low-cost genome engineering.