gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapy of Peripheral T/NK Neoplasms (2006)

The mature T/natural killer (NK) lymphoma/leukemias represent 5-15% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These diseases have a geographic variation, with more nodal disease in North America and Europe, including peripheral T cell lymphomas, unspecified, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma; and more extranodal disease in Asia due to Epstein-Barr virus-related nasal NK/T lymphoma and human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1-associated adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma. The prognosis in most peripheral T/NK neoplasms is poor, with 5-year survival less than 30%. Progress has been slow due to the rarity of the diseases, geographic variation, relative chemoresistance, and lack of randomized trials. There is no consensus about optimal therapy in T/NK neoplasms, and recommendations are based on anecdotal reports, small series, and phase II trials. In this review, topics include the question of CHOP as standard therapy, prognostic factors, disease-adapted therapy, novel approaches, monoclonal antibody therapy, and stem cell transplantation.
Von Willebrand’s Disease (2016)

Von Willebrand's disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder and is generally transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. It is mainly associated with mucosal bleeding and excessive bleeding after trauma or surgery. A variety of effective treatments are available.
Strengthening of the pelvic floor muscles using transcutaneous magnetic nerve stimulation: a review of the literature (2006)

This review summarises the biophysics of transcutaneous magnetic nerve stimulation (TMNS), the theoretical basis for application of TMNS to achieve strengthening of the pelvic floor in the management of incontinence, current physiotherapy practice and a review of published results from research studies into the clinical application of TMNS. It is concluded that, at present, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that TMNS is a suitable, alternative method for strengthening the pelvic floor. Nor is it a suitable method to improve the functional status of individuals with incontinence when compared to traditional continence management involving exercise, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and biofeedback.
Composites of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Dopamine Recognition (2008)

A novel composite of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) was prepared by using dopamine (DA) as a template molecule. Selective copolymerization of methacrylic acid and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (copoly(MAA-co-TRIM)) in the presence of DA was achieved at the vinyl group functionalized MWNT surface. Vinyl groups modified on MWNTs surface are a key factor for the formation the composite of MWNTs-MIPs. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the composite structure and determine the grafted MIPs quantities in the composite. The properties such as adsorption dynamics, special binding, and selective recognition capacity were evaluated. The results demonstrated that MWNTs-MIPs not only possessed a rapid dynamic adsorption but also exhibited a high selectivity toward DA, compared to epinephrine. The electrochemical sensor fabricated by modifying MWNTs-MIPs on the glassy carbon electrode could recognize DA from ascorbic acids (AA), indicating DA could be detected in the presence of AA. And the modified electrode was used to detect the concentration of DA with a linear range of 5.0 × 10-7 to 2.0 × 10-4 mol/L.
Efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant (2021)

BACKGROUND : The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants threatens progress toward control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. In a phase 1–2 trial involving healthy adults, the NVXCoV2373 nanoparticle vaccine had an acceptable safety profile and was associated with strong neutralizing-antibody and antigen-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell responses. Evaluation of vaccine efficacy was needed in a setting of ongoing SARSCoV- 2 transmission. METHODS : In this phase 2a–b trial in South Africa, we randomly assigned human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–negative adults between the ages of 18 and 84 years or medically stable HIV-positive participants between the ages of 18 and 64 years in a 1:1 ratio to receive two doses of either the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine (5 μg of recombinant spike protein with 50 μg of Matrix-M1 adjuvant) or placebo. The primary end points were safety and vaccine efficacy against laboratory-confirmed symptomatic Covid-19 at 7 days or more after the second dose among participants without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS : Of 6324 participants who underwent screening, 4387 received at least one injection of vaccine or placebo. Approximately 30% of the participants were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 at baseline. Among 2684 baseline seronegative participants (94% HIV-negative and 6% HIV-positive), predominantly mild-to-moderate Covid-19 developed in 15 participants in the vaccine group and in 29 in the placebo group (vaccine efficacy, 49.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.1 to 72.8). Vaccine efficacy among HIV-negative participants was 60.1% (95% CI, 19.9 to 80.1). Of 41 sequenced isolates, 38 (92.7%) were the B.1.351 variant. Post hoc vaccine efficacy against B.1.351 was 51.0% (95% CI, −0.6 to 76.2) among the HIV-negative participants. Preliminary local and systemic reactogenicity events were more common in the vaccine group; serious adverse events were rare in both groups. CONCLUSIONS : The NVX-CoV2373 vaccine was efficacious in preventing Covid-19, with higher vaccine efficacy observed among HIV-negative participants. Most infections were caused by the B.1.351 variant.
[Rapid determination of melamine in pet food by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy in combination with Ag nanoparticles]. (2011)

The rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of melamine in pet food was realized by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in combination with Ag nanoparticle. In the present study, the 709 and 1 542 cm(-1) Raman shift was chosen as qualitative basis. The quantitative calculation of the concentration range between 1.0 and 10.0 mg x kg(-1) was achieved based on the intensity of 1 149 cm(-1) Raman peak which was used as a normalization standard. The limit of detection was 0.5 mg x kg(-1). The Ag nanoparticle had a strong Raman enhancement effect on melamine and the intensity was affected by the adding time of Ag nanoparticle and the vortex strength. At the same time, the intensity of SERS was affected by the extraction solvent type, and the manner of extraction. The analysis time of each sample was about 5 min. It was so quick that it was easy to realize the rapid detection of melamine in pet food compared with existing methods.
Distributed architecture of VOIP for firewall/NAT traversing (2005)

With the development of the VOIP technology, firewall and NAT become serious problems in network access. Developed from a new technology named SBC (session border controller), this paper proposes distributed architecture to resolve firewall/NAT traversing. To achieve this, SBC is split into two servers: SAG (signaling access gateway) and MCC (media channel controller) to let signaling and media flow pass through separately. In this way, the capacity of VOIP system can achieve great improvement. The limitation depends on the max signaling traffic but not media packets that a SAG can process. The greater significance is that it proposes a fully distributed architecture in which every element can be easily extended and dynamically controlled without any modification on the existing system.
SB-202742, a Novel β-Lactamase Inhibitor Isolated from Spondias mombin (1994)

SB-202742 [1], an anacardic acid derivative possessing beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, has been isolated from a hexane extract of the plant, Spondias mombin. Its isolation, structure determination, and biological activity are reported herein.
Updates in Acanthamoeba Keratitis (2007)

Purpose. Acanthamoeba keratitis is a potentially blinding microbial disease that has been increasing in incidence during the past two decades. Prognosis of this serious disease had been dismal, but improvement in diagnosis, a better understanding of the natural course of the disease, and recent introduction of multiple and effective therapeutic agents have resulted in improvement of visual outcomes. Methods. A review of literature pertaining to Acanthamoeba keratitis. Results. Contact lens wear and exposure to contaminated water sources remain the most important risk factors; however, in vivo confocal microscopy and improved biomicroscopic screening have proven instrumental in accurate early diagnosis. Complications of Acanthamoeba keratitis include dacryoadenitis, corneal melting and scarring, severe secondary glaucoma, cataract, and chronic anterior segment inflammation that can rarely lead to reactive blinding retinal ischemia. Combination chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to be more effective than monotherapy, whereas rehabilitative surgery such as penetrating keratoplasty is best performed on a quiet eye free of ocular inflammation and with no residual amoebae. Conclusions. Increased suspicion by clinicians for Acanthamoeba and confocal microscopy have allowed more rapid and accurate diagnosis; treatment with multiple antiamoeba drugs is essential to disease resolution. Provided there are no residual amoebae after treatment, penetrating keratoplasty has been successful in visual rehabilitation. Secondary glaucoma occurs frequently and may require drainage procedures for control of intraocular pressure. Posterior complications are rare but may lead to ischemic retinitis.
A Comparison of Interventionless Packer Setting Techniques and Enhanced Functionality Considerations (2002)

Abstract Eliminating intervention during well completion reduces operating expense and risk. In deepwater, horizontal and extended-reach applications, interventionless actuation systems for setting completion tools are reducing well intervention and completion time and associated costs without compromising reliability or safety. This paper details the operation of three commercially successful technologies that permit interventionless actuation. This author outlines the selection process for determining the correct technology for a given application.
Metamaterial inspired electrically small patch antenna (2011)

We present a circular patch antenna that has been miniaturized by use of a magneto-dielectric substrate composed of an array of barium strontium titanate (BST) cubes embedded in Teflon substrate. The patch diameter was reduced by 4.5 times when compared to a traditional λ/2 patch antenna radiating at the same frequency but without the magneto-dielectric substrate. Experimental results agree well with simulations and show that if matched well, the antenna can exhibit two peak gains of 7 dB and 2.7 dB at 2.347 GHz and 2.377 GHz respectively. The antenna radiates with an efficiency of 45 % at 2.435 GHz.
Systematic identification of conserved bacterial c-di-AMP receptor proteins (2013)

Nucleotide signaling molecules are important messengers in key pathways that allow cellular responses to changing environments. Canonical secondary signaling molecules act through specific receptor proteins by direct binding to alter their activity. Cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is an essential signaling molecule in bacteria that has only recently been discovered. Here we report on the identification of four Staphylococcus aureus c-di-AMP receptor proteins that are also widely distributed among other bacteria. Using an affinity pull-down assay we identified the potassium transporter-gating component KtrA as a c-di-AMP receptor protein, and it was further shown that this protein, together with c-di-AMP, enables S. aureus to grow in low potassium conditions. We defined the c-di-AMP binding activity within KtrA to the RCK_C (regulator of conductance of K(+)) domain. This domain is also found in a second S. aureus protein, a predicted cation/proton antiporter, CpaA, which as we show here also directly binds c-di-AMP. Because RCK_C domains are found in proteinaceous channels, transporters, and antiporters from all kingdoms of life, these findings have broad implications for the regulation of different pathways through nucleotide-dependent signaling. Using a genome-wide nucleotide protein interaction screen we further identified the histidine kinase protein KdpD that in many bacteria is also involved in the regulation of potassium transport and a PII-like signal transduction protein, which we renamed PstA, as c-di-AMP binding proteins. With the identification of these widely distributed c-di-AMP receptor proteins we link the c-di-AMP signaling network to a central metabolic process in bacteria.
ND:YAG light source and external modulator for a VSB‐AM video transmitter: A performance evaluation (1990)

Abstract A miniature Nd:YAG laser and an intensity modulator based VSB‐AM video signal transmitter are described. With a light source having RIN level below ‐170 dB/Hz, the system allows a relatively low modulation index to be used. For a 40 channel system using a standard MZ, a CTB = 60 dB corresponds to m i = 1 per cent. With a 75 mW Nd:YAG laser source, a system with a power budget of 5.5 dB and 50 dB CNR is realizable. Several promising techniques of modulator linearization are also given.
Separation of Nonionic Compounds by CE Using A Lauryl Poly(oxyethylene) Sulfate Additive (1997)

A nonionic surfactant (Brij-30) was treated with chlorosulfonic acid to form C12H25(OCH2CH2)4OSO3-Na+. Addition of a low concentration of this material to an aqueous solution−acetonitrile electrolyte makes it possible to separate nonionic organic compounds by capillary electrophoresis. Separation is based on differences in the stabilities of analyte−additive complexes in solution. Migration times of analytes can be varied over an unusually large range by varying the additive concentration and the proportion of acetonitrile in the electrolyte. This greatly expands the scope of neutral organic compounds that can be separated by CE. Several examples are given. Some very difficult separations were achieved, such as the baseline resolution of four methylbenz[a]anthracene isomers and the separation of normal and deuterated acetophenone.
Nonsuicidal mortality in late-life depression. (1989)

While suicide is the most dramatic cause of premature death in depressed older persons, it is a rare event in old age. Most of the excess mortality associated with late-life depression is due to "natural causes," especially cardiovascular illness. In the past much of the premature death related to psychiatric disorders was the result of epidemics in large, overcrowded institutions, and even today institutional factors may account for some excess mortality. A recent prospective study comparing depressed patients with nondepressed controls found that neither the initial level of physical health nor social factors explained the excess mortality, but it suggested that some of the excess is due to physical causes not readily apparent or disabling. The effects of grief, tricyclic antidepressants, chronic dysphoria, smoking and alcohol abuse, and organic brain disease are considered. Evidence suggests a complex interaction between depression and physical illness (particularly cardiovascular disease) that develops throughout life. Pursuant to these findings, some questions for future research are offered.
Mobile and personal projection (MP <sup>2</sup> ) (2011)

The emergence of mobile and personal projection devices promises new ways to display and interact with content while the user is mobile, and offer new opportunities and challenges for HCI. This workshop aims to formulate fundamental research questions around this emerging field and provides a venue for discussion for researchers and practitioners working in this area. We will focus on new interaction techniques, applications, personal projection devices, interaction design, multi-user aspects, multi-modal user interfaces and social implications. Our aim is to foster the evolution of a mobile and personal projection community.
Highly efficient strand invasion by peptide nucleic acid bearing optically pure lysine residues in its backbone (2006)

Chiral PNA monomers (PNA = peptide nucleic acid), in which nucleobases are attached to N-(aminoethyl)-D-lysine, were introduced to PNAs bearing pseudo-complementary nucleobases (2,6-diaminopurine and 2-thiouracil). When these highly cationic PNAs targeted double-stranded DNA, they invaded there much more efficiently than conventional pseudo-complementary PNAs composed of achiral PNA monomers. Although introduction of N-(aminoethyl)-D-lysine backbone was effective for promotion of strand invasion, L-isomer never promote it. Simple incorporation of lysine groups to the termini of PNA was also ineffective, indicating that introduction of positive charges into PNA backbone is important. Even highly G-C rich sequence, which conventional pseudo-complementary PNAs never invade, was successfully targeted based on this strategy.
Antisporulating and respiration‐inhibitory effects of essential oils on filamentous fungi (1998)

Sporulation of four species of filamentous fungi, namely Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium solani, Penicillium expansum and Rhizopus oryzae, was suppressed by gaseous contact with citron, lavender and thyme oils and, to a lesser extent, by that of perilla and tea tree oils. Lemongrass and cinnamon bark oils were scarcely active. The antisporulating effect of the essential oils was not observed when they were applied as a solution, indicating that their vapours were the active form. Moreover, exposure of fungal cultures to vapours of the active essential oils caused curling of the tips of aerial hyphae (R. oryzae) or incomplete development of conidiophores (A. fumigatus). These antisporulating effects of the vapourizing essential oils seemed to be correlated with their respiration-inhibitory activity, rather than with their growth-inhibitory activity.
Enthalpy Changes of Adsorption of Tetrafluorocarbon (CF<sub>4</sub>) and Hexafluoroethane (C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>6</sub>) on Activated Carbon (2014)

<TEX>$CF_4$</TEX>와 <TEX>$C_2F_6$</TEX>의 압력이 20.7 kPa 이하일 경우, 활성탄에의 평형흡착량을 여러 온도(293.15-333.15 K)에서 실험적으로 조사하였다. 실험데이터가 가장 잘 맞을 수 있도록 1차층 흡착으로 Langmuir모델을 쓰고 그 다음 단계에는 Freundlich 물리흡착을 이용하는 이단계모델을 제안한다. 1단계에 대한 흡착엔탈피를 구하기 위해 실험데이터의 최초기울기를 이용하였고, Clausius-Clapeyron식을 사용함으로써 2단계에 대한 흡착엔탈피를 구하였다. <TEX>$CF_4$</TEX>의 경우 1, 2단계의 흡착엔탈피는 각각 25.9와 11.8 kJ/mol이고, <TEX>$C_2F_6$</TEX>의 경우는 38.7과 38.2 kJ/mol이다. Under low pressures of <TEX>$CF_4$</TEX> and <TEX>$C_2F_6$</TEX> up to 20.7 kPa, the equilibrium adsorbed quantity on activated carbon was experimentally examined using the volumetric method at various temperatures between 293.15 K and 333.15 K. To give the best fit to the experimental data curve, the two step model (i.e., Langmuir model for the first layer adsorption and then Freundlich physisorption) is suggested. The method of initial slope yielded the enthalpy of adsorption for the first step while we could apply the Clausius-Clapeyron equation to find the heat of adsorption of the second step. They are 25.9 kJ/mol and 11.8 kJ/mol, respectively, with <TEX>$CF_4$</TEX>, and 38.7 and 38.2 kJ/mol with <TEX>$C_2F_6$</TEX>.
2-Amino Sugar-containing Oligosaccharides Isolated from Hydrazinolyzate of Blood Group A Mucopolysaccharide of Hog Gastric Mucus (1962)

Blood group A mucopolysaccharide prepared from hog gastric mucus was hydrazinolyzed, and the 2-amino sugar-containing substances which were obtained after acid hydrolysis of the hydrazinolyzed product were N-acetylated. Fractionation of the N-acetylated 2-amino sugar-containing compounds on cellulose powder columns and charcoal columns resulted in isolation of two crystalline oligosac charides: Oligosaccharides I and II. Oligosaccharides I and II were characterized and the structure of these compounds has been fully established on the basis of the analytical data, the values of sodium metaperiodate oxidation and their physical properties: Oligosaccharide I is O-β-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→-3)-D-galactose and Oligosaccharide II is O-α-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-D-galactose.
Syntactically-informed semantic category recognition in discharge summaries. (2006)

Semantic category recognition (SCR) contributes to document understanding. Most approaches to SCR fail to make use of syntax. We hypothesize that syntax, if represented appropriately, can improve SCR. We present a statistical semantic category (SC) recognizer trained with syntactic and lexical contextual clues, as well as ontological information from UMLS, to identify eight semantic categories in discharge summaries. Some of our categories, e.g., test results and findings, include complex entries that span multiple phrases. We achieve classification F-measures above 90% for most categories and show that syntactic context is important for SCR.
Diastereoselective Cationic Tandem Cyclizations to <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Scaffolds:  Total Synthesis of (−)-Dysibetaine PP (2005)

[reaction: see text] Herein, we report a short and diastereoselective synthesis of the natural product (-)-dysibetaine PP. The key step in the synthetic sequence is a novel highly diastereoselective tandem-cyclization reaction of an enantiomerically pure dipeptide. This cyclization methodology is applied in the synthesis of a broader range of N-heterocyclic scaffolds.
Robust Expression and Secretion of Xylanase1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by Fusion to a Selection Gene and Processing with the FMDV 2A Peptide (2012)

Microalgae have recently received attention as a potential low-cost host for the production of recombinant proteins and novel metabolites. However, a major obstacle to the development of algae as an industrial platform has been the poor expression of heterologous genes from the nuclear genome. Here we describe a nuclear expression strategy using the foot-and-mouth-disease-virus 2A self-cleavage peptide to transcriptionally fuse heterologous gene expression to antibiotic resistance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We demonstrate that strains transformed with ble-2A-GFP are zeocin-resistant and accumulate high levels of GFP that is properly 'cleaved' at the FMDV 2A peptide resulting in monomeric, cytosolic GFP that is easily detectable by in-gel fluorescence analysis or fluorescent microscopy. Furthermore, we used our ble2A nuclear expression vector to engineer the heterologous expression of the industrial enzyme, xylanase. We demonstrate that linking xyn1 expression to ble2A expression on the same open reading frame led to a dramatic (~100-fold) increase in xylanase activity in cells lysates compared to the unlinked construct. Finally, by inserting an endogenous secretion signal between the ble2A and xyn1 coding regions, we were able to target monomeric xylanase for secretion. The novel microalgae nuclear expression strategy described here enables the selection of transgenic lines that are efficiently expressing the heterologous gene-of-interest and should prove valuable for basic research as well as algal biotechnology.
Fingerprinting websites using remote traffic analysis (2010)

Recent work has shown that traffic analysis of data carried on encrypted tunnels can be used to recover important semantic information. As one example, attackers can find out which website, or which page on a website, a user is accessing simply by monitoring the traffic patterns. We show that traffic analysis is a much greater threat to privacy than previously thought, as such attacks can be carried out remotely. In particular, we show that, to perform traffic analysis, adversaries do not need to directly observe the traffic patterns. Instead, they can send probes from a far-off vantage point that exploit a queuing side channel in routers.