gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Wet-Proofing Treatment of Carbon Backing Layer in Gas Diffusion Electrodes on the PEFC Performance (2005)

Gas diffusion electrodes consisting of three layers, i.e., Pt/C catalyst layer (CL), hydrophobic gas-diffusion layer (GDL) and carbon backing layer (CBL), for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) were investigated to clarify the relation between the electrochemical performance and the microstructure. We focused on effects of the GDL coating and the content of wet-proofing material (tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene, FEP) in the CBL on the electrode performances with the constant composition of the CL. It was found that the hydrophobic GDL is effective to enhance the O2 diffusivity and the catalyst utilization. A high performance due to high O2 diffusivity was observed for the electrode by using the CBL without any FEP treatment at a relatively low air utilization operation. In contrast, the FEP treatment was found to be effective for the application to, for example, co-generation type fuel cells, which require the operation at relatively high potential and high utilization of air, e.g., 0.8 V and 40%.
Synthesis of Monodisperse Superparamagnetic Fe/Silica Nanospherical Composites (2003)

A new method for the synthesis of monodisperse superparamagnetic nanospherical composites with a core containing metallic alpha-Fe nanocrystals dispersed in a silica matrix, and a shell only containing silica, is reported. Essential to the formation of this microstructure is to work with lamellar-like structures in conditions close to the upper-phase boundary limit for formation of microemulsions, and to control the solubility and pH of the metallic precursors. An advantage of the method is its versatility, which allows us to change the particle size (both for the nanomagnets and for the composite) and the spatial arrangement of the nanomagnets in the matrix. Our results indicate that this material could be adequate for biotechnology applications.
The nature of organosilane to silica-surface bonding (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe nature of organosilane to silica-surface bondingThomas G. Waddell, Donald E. Leyden, and Mary T. DeBelloCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 18, 5303–5307Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00408a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00408a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2950Altmetric-Citations192LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sample distribution shadow maps (2011)

This paper introduces Sample Distribution Shadow Maps (SDSMs), a new algorithm for hard and soft-edged shadows that greatly reduces undersampling, oversampling, and geometric aliasing errors compared to other shadow map techniques. SDSMs fall into the space between scene-dependent, variable-performance shadow algorithms and scene-independent, fixed-performance shadow algorithms. They provide a fully automated solution to shadow map aliasing by optimizing the placement and size of a fixed number of Z-partitions using the distribution of the light space samples required by the current frame. SDSMs build on the advantages of current state of the art techniques, including predictable performance and constant memory usage, while removing tedious and ultimately suboptimal parameter tuning. We compare SDSMs to Parallel-Split Shadow Maps (PSSMs, a state of the art Z-partitioning scheme) and show that SDSMs produce higher quality shadows. Finally, we demonstrate that SDSMs outperform PSSMs in a large 2009 game scene at high resolutions, making them suitable for games and other interactive applications.
Aromatization of IMDAF adducts in aqueous alkaline media (2012)

In this paper, we propose a simple synthesis of isoindoline-4-carboxylic acids by means of the aromatization of 3a,6-epoxyisoindoles in alkaline media. The method is facile from an experimental point of view: a short-term (0.5–2h) reflux of epoxyisoindoles in 5% aqueous solutions of alkali leads to the target products in 40–90% yields. The absence of by-products, ease of isolation of the target products and applicability to acidophobic group bearing substrates favorably distinguishes the proposed procedure from previously utilized acid-catalyzed methods. The proposed strategy has been successfully utilized for isoindole containing compounds and nuevamine-type alkaloids.
REVIEWS DOLETÉTIENNE: Correspondance. Répertotre analytique et chronologique suiin dutexte de us lettres lattnes. Éditée par LONGEONCLAUDE. (Travaux d'Humanisme et Renaissance, CLXXXVIII). Genève: Droz. 1982. 251 pp.68 Sw.F. (1985)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access ÉTIENNE DOLET: Correspondance. Répertotre analytique et chronologique suiin dutexte de us lettres lattnes. Éditée CLAUDE par LONGEON. (Travaux d'Humanisme et Renaissance, CLXXXVIII). Genève: Droz. 1982. 251 pp.68 Sw.F. DAVID J. SHAW DAVID J. SHAW CANTERBURY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XXXIX, Issue 2, April 1985, Pages 191-b–192, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XXXIX.2.191-b Published: 01 April 1985
Functional and Structural Similarities between the Internal Ribosome Entry Sites of Hepatitis C Virus and Porcine Teschovirus, a Picornavirus (2004)

Initiation of protein synthesis on picornavirus RNA requires an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Typically, picornavirus IRES elements contain about 450 nucleotides (nt) and use most of the cellular translation initiation factors. However, it is now shown that just 280 nt of the porcine teschovirus type 1 Talfan (PTV-1) 5' untranslated region direct the efficient internal initiation of translation in vitro and within cells. In toeprinting assays, assembly of 48S preinitiation complexes from purified components on the PTV-1 IRES was achieved with just 40S ribosomal subunits plus eIF2 and Met-tRNA(i)(Met). Indeed, a binary complex between 40S subunits and the PTV-1 IRES is formed. Thus, the PTV-1 IRES has properties that are entirely different from other picornavirus IRES elements but highly reminiscent of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES. Comparison between the PTV-1 IRES and HCV IRES elements revealed islands of high sequence identity that occur in regions critical for the interactions of the HCV IRES with the 40S ribosomal subunit and eIF3. Thus, there is significant functional and structural similarity between the IRES elements from the picornavirus PTV-1 and HCV, a flavivirus.
Characterization of an embedded RF-MEMS switch (2010)

An RF-MEMS capacitive switch for mm-wave integrated circuits, embedded in the BEOL of 0.25 ¿m BiCMOS process, has been characterized. First, a mechanical model based on Finite-Element-Method (FEM) was developed by taking the residual stress of the thin film membrane into account. The pull-in voltage and the capacitance values obtained with the mechanical model agree very well with the measured values. Moreover, S-parameters were extracted using Electromagnetic (EM) solver. The data observed in this way also agree well with the experimental ones measured up to 110 GHz. The developed RF model was applied to a transmit/receive (T/R) antenna switch design. The results proved the feasibility of using the FEM model in circuit simulations for the development of RF-MEMS switch embedded, single-chip multi-band RF ICs.
Evaluation of symphysis‐fundus measurements and weighing during pregnancy (1991)

To evaluate the value of using symphysis-fundus (SF) distance and maternal weight gain measurements in predicting an infant's birth weight, these measurements were analysed in 831 single-birth deliveries at Aker University Hospital during a period of 3 months. Of the 96 babies with a birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age, 39 (41%) could be detected by a series of SF-measurements. For every third correctly identified SGA (small for gestational age) baby, there were 7 false positive predictions. Only 13 (14%) of the mothers who gave birth to SGA babies demonstrated a weight gain at each medical check-up during pregnancy, whereas 197 (30%) of the women giving birth to normal-weight babies showed a weight gain each time (p = 0.02). However, for maternal weight gain, both predictive value (14%) and specificity (29%) were low. Hence, these two screening methods for the detection of SGA babies remain imprecise in practice. Test procedures should be improved, and factors influencing fetal growth should be emphasized to detect fetuses at risk.
Context Prediction based on Sequence Matching for Contexts with Discrete Attribute (2011)

지금까지 컨텍스트 예측 방법들은 이산 속성 컨텍스트를 대상으로 예측을 수행한 경우와 연속 속성 컨텍스트를 대상으로 예측을 수행한 경우로 나뉘어서 발전되어 왔다. 대부분의 예측 방법들은 컨텍스트의 획득 환경이나 특성에 맞게 특정 도메인에서 각각 예측 알고리즘을 작성하여 사용하여 왔기 때문에, 다양한 환경과 특성을 갖는 사용자의 컨텍스트를 대상으로 예측을 수행하기가 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 특정 도메인이나 컨텍스트의 특성에 국한되지 않고 이산 속성이나 연속 속성 컨텍스트들에 모두 적용 가능한 컨텍스트 예측 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 컨텍스트 속성간의 연관규칙을 고려하여 컨텍스트를 시퀀스로 생성하고, 컨텍스트 속성별 가변 가중치를 적용시켜 시퀀스 매칭 기반의 컨텍스트 예측을 수행한다. 제안한 방법을 평가하기 위해 이산 속성 컨텍스트와 연속 속성 컨텍스트에 각각 시뮬레이션한 결과 이산 속성 컨텍스트에서 80.12%, 연속 속성 컨텍스트에서 81.43%의 예측 정확도로 기존 예측방법들과 비슷한 성능을 보였다. Context prediction methods have been developed in two ways - one is a prediction for discrete context and the other is for continuous context. As most of the prediction methods have been used with prediction algorithms in specific domains suitable to the environment and characteristics of contexts, it is difficult to conduct a prediction for a user's context which is based on various environments and characteristics. This study suggests a context prediction method available for both discrete and continuous contexts without being limited to the characteristics of a specific domain or context. For this, we conducted a context prediction based on sequence matching by generating sequences from contexts in consideration of association rules between context attributes and by applying variable weights according to each context attribute. Simulations for discrete and continuous contexts were conducted to evaluate proposed methods and the results showed that the methods produced a similar performance to existing prediction methods with a prediction accuracy of 80.12% in discrete context and 81.43% in continuous context.
Semi-Analytical Modeling of Short-Channel Effects in Si and Ge Symmetrical Double-Gate MOSFETs (2007)

A simple analytical expression of the 2-D potential distribution along the channel of silicon symmetrical double-gate (DG) MOSFETs in weak inversion is derived. The analytical solution of the potential distribution is compared with the numerical solution of the 2-D Poisson's equation in terms of the channel length <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> , the silicon thickness <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Si</sub> , and the gate oxide thickness <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OX</sub> . The obtained results show that the analytical solution describes, with good accuracy, the potential distribution along the channel at different positions from the gate interfaces for well-designed devices when the ratio of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Si</sub> is ges 2-3. Based on the 2-D extra potential induced in the silicon film due to short-channel effects (SCEs), a semi-analytical expression for the subthreshold drain current of short-channel devices is derived. From the obtained subthreshold characteristics, the extracted device parameters of the subthreshold slope, drain-induced barrier lowering, and threshold voltage are discussed. Application of the proposed model to devices with silicon replaced by germanium demonstrates that the germanium DG MOSFETs are more prone to SCEs.
Supporting content curation communities: The case of the Encyclopedia of Life (2012)

This article explores the opportunities and challenges of creating and sustaining large‐scale “content curation communities” through an in‐depth case study of the E ncyclopedia of L ife ( EOL ). Content curation communities are large‐scale crowdsourcing endeavors that aim to curate existing content into a single repository, making these communities different from content creation communities such as W ikipedia. In this article, we define content curation communities and provide examples of this increasingly important genre. We then follow by presenting EOL , a compelling example of a content curation community, and describe a case study of EOL based on analysis of interviews, online discussions, and survey data. Our findings are characterized into two broad categories: information integration and social integration . Information integration challenges at EOL include the need to (a) accommodate and validate multiple sources and (b) integrate traditional peer reviewed sources with user‐generated, nonpeer‐reviewed content. Social integration challenges at EOL include the need to (a) establish the credibility of open‐access resources within the scientific community and (b) facilitate collaboration between experts and novices. After identifying the challenges, we discuss the potential strategies EOL and other content curation communities can use to address them, and provide technical, content, and social design recommendations for overcoming them.
USB full speed enabled smart cards for consumer electronics applications (2005)

Until now, a specific bottleneck in smart card technology is the bandwidth limitation induced by the ISO 7816 standards, forbidding to use smart cards as fast communication devices for delivering security services required by new consumer electronics applications. The "full speed enabled'' smart-card platform presented here removes this limitation and is intended to provide smart-cards with all features making them "full-fledge" secure computers. This opens new cases in consumer electronics such as SIM-based CA/DRM(conditional access/digital rights management) for mobile pay-TV or home-network applications.
Management of premenstrual acne with Cox-2 inhibitors: a placebo controlled study. (2007)

Although the number studied is small, the results suggest that rofecoxib is effective in the management of premenstrual acne and that prostaglandin PGE2 may be involved in its pathogenesis.
Intelligent multi-machine scheduling on tasks with variable switch time (2004)

To find an optimal multi-machine schedule for a set of tasks with variable switch time, an optimal model was proposed, and a new intelligent algorithm with an adaptive structure was designed for less delay time and higher quality of service. If the server is under low average load, it used genetic algorithm and advanced greedy algorithm jointly to achieve a minimum task abandon ratio and a maximum task value, or else only advanced greedy algorithm was used to minimize delay time. The scheduler adopted runtime incremental parallel scheduling (RIPS) strategy, which combines the advantages of static and dynamic scheduling. The several simulation experiments show that the proposed schedule algorithm is valid and feasible.
Analysis and Research of Enterprise Technology Competent Advantage on Text Mining and Correspondence Analysis (2013)

As correspondence analysis based on structured data ignores the important information contained in the text field of patent documents easily, this article combines text mining algorithms and corresponding analysis methods, and then uses the method to analyze enterprise technology competent advantage. This article describes the procedure of analyzing enterprise competitive advantage in detail. It takes the State Intellectual Property Office patent database as data source, analyses 210 authorized patents in optical communication and the top twenty applicants, gets the correspondence analysis figure.
Carbonyl group‐containing organometallic intramolecular‐coordination five‐membered ring compounds (2010)

Abstract Carbonyl group‐containing organometallic intramolecular‐coordination five‐membered ring compounds are easily synthesized by the following five reaction methods: (1) cyclometalation, especially, orthometalation reactions; (2) the reactions of the moieties of an unsaturated carboncarbon bond attached to a carbonyl group (CCCO, CCCO); (3) the reactions of an unsaturated carboncarbon bond with carbon monoxide (CC and CO, CC and CO); (4) carbonylative ring expansion reactions; and (5) others. These compounds are very easily and regio‐specifically synthesized with many kinds of metal compounds, including both transition metals and main group metals. Many of such the reactions are easily applied to organic syntheses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic Identification and Back-Transliteration of Foreign Words for Information Retrieval (1999)

Many foreign words and English words appear in Korean texts, especially in the areas of science and engineering. We recognize two issues related to foreign words, which should be addressed for information retrieval (IR). First, since foreign words are introduced dynamically and not always found in a dictionary, they cause problems in morphological analysis required for indexing. Second, although a foreign word and its origin in the source language like English refer to the same concept, they are erroneously treated as independent index terms. As a way of alleviating the first problem we developed an algorithm that first identifies a phrase containing a foreign word and then extracts the foreign word part from the phrase based on statistical information. For the second problem, we present our method for back-transliteration of a foreign word to its English origin. Finally we report our evaluation results for each of the algorithms and experimental results for their impact on IR effectiveness.
Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Muscle Development, Repair and Metabolism. (2014)

Skeletal muscle is a plastic organ made by highly specialize fibers with specific and different structure, function and metabolism. Skeletal muscle fibers can adapt, change, recover/regenerate after injury in response to various stimulators including hormones. Thyroid hormones are important players in the homeostasis of several tissue including skeletal muscle and their genomic action mostly depend on the tissue T3 bioavailability and on the distribution of the thyroid receptor isoforms which act as transcription factors and are modulated by T3. Changing in contractile and metabolic proprieties of the muscle fibers has been described in experimental models of hyper and hypothyroidism. Animal models with disruption of thyroid hormone signaling showed different and specific skeletal muscle phenotypes. By focusing on thyroid hormone signaling in skeletal muscle homeostasis, we review T3 specific action on skeletal muscle development, postnatal growth, function and metabolism.
<title>GaAs MESFET For High-Speed Optical Detection</title> (1978)

The microwave, low-noise GaAs-metal-semiconductor, field-effect transistor (MESFET) has a cutoff frequency higher than 80 GHz and possesses a good optical responsiveness over a very wide spectral range, from visible to near-infrared wavelengths. The drain-current variation of the MESFET is proportional to the input optic intensity. If the light is modulated, MESFET detects the high-speed subcarrier. Besides the low-noise and amplification-gain advantages, the MESFET photodetector operates at a low bias voltage, normally, below 6 V. The common-gate configuration at zero drain voltage also can function in a photocapacitive mode in which the capacitance changes with the change in polarized light intensity. The S-parameter of the device has been characterized up to Ku-band. The high-frequency optical receiver is ready to be designed and optimized using this charaterization. For high-speed fiber-optic communications, the monolithic receiver, the ILD driver, and the low-cost repeater all can be fabricated by using the MESFET's.
GABA Receptor Activation in the Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Decreases Detrusor Overactivity in Spinal Cord Injured Rats (2008)

These results indicate that gamma-aminobutyric acid A and B receptor activation in the spinal cord inhibits detrusor overactivity. The decrease in glutamate decarboxylase 67 mRNA suggests hypofunction of GABAergic inhibitory mechanisms in the spinal cord. Therefore, stimulation of spinal GABAergic mechanisms could be effective for the treatment of detrusor overactivity after spinal cord injury.
Drinking Strategies: Planned Drinking Versus Drinking to Thirst (2018)

In humans, thirst tends to be alleviated before complete rehydration is achieved. When sweating rates are high and ad libitum fluid consumption is not sufficient to replace sweat losses, a cumulative loss in body water results. Body mass losses of 2% or greater take time to accumulate. Dehydration of ≥ 2% body mass is associated with impaired thermoregulatory function, elevated cardiovascular strain and, in many conditions (e.g., warmer, longer, more intense), impaired aerobic exercise performance. Circumstances where planned drinking is optimal include longer duration activities of > 90 min, particularly in the heat; higher-intensity exercise with high sweat rates; exercise where performance is a concern; and when carbohydrate intake of 1 g/min is desired. Individuals with high sweat rates and/or those concerned with exercise performance should determine sweat rates under conditions (exercise intensity, pace) and environments similar to that anticipated when competing and tailor drinking to prevent body mass losses > 2%. Circumstances where drinking to thirst may be sufficient include short duration exercise of < 1 h to 90 min; exercise in cooler conditions; and lower-intensity exercise. It is recommended to never drink so much that weight is gained.