gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sl Family Recurrent Selection in Autogamous Crops Based on Dominant Genetic Male‐Sterility (1988)

Recessive genetic male‐sterility has been widely used to facilitate crossing in recurrent selection programs in autogamous crop species. Dominant genetic male‐sterility, on the other hand, has not been widely used. Mass and half‐sib family selection schemes have been described for the dominant male‐sterile program. Our objective was to describe S 1 family recurrent selection schemes and expected selection responses for the dominant male‐sterile program. There is no mechanism for intermating selected S 1 families in a dominant male‐sterile program, other than manual emasculation and pollination, because S 1 families are completely fertile. We proposed various S 1 family recurrent selection schemes where intermating is done between selected S 1 families and a male‐sterile allele source as a means for overcoming this problem. These schemes include S 1 family recurrent selection using the reference population as the male‐sterile allele source and combined S 1 and half‐sib or S 1 and full‐sib family recurrent selection using half‐sib or full‐sib families, respectively, as the male‐sterile allele source. Expected selection responses were described for selection of the same or different traits in different family types for combined family type selection schemes. The strengths of S 1 family selection in a dominant genetic male‐sterile program are that complete S 1 family fertility eliminates the problem of male‐sterile phenotype pleiotropy and selection response per year is often greater for S 1 compared to mass or half‐sib family recurrent selection. The weakness of S 1 family selection in a dominant compared to a recessive male‐sterile program is that expected selection response is less than that for S 1 family selection in allogamous species where intermating is done strictly between S 1 selected families.
The Importance of a Network Disaster Recovery Plan (1994)

Network disaster recovery plans (DRPs) are just emerging as a business issue. The need to make contingency plans in case of a computer disaster, or major disruptions to the network, is a vital part of corporate strategy. Discusses the roles that users, IT management and staff must play. Identifies users as responsible directly for the problem of security and for establishing the levels of security; whereas IT management staff must be responsible for the availability of IT. Highlights what measures can be taken to set up network DRPs, although advises against too complex strategies and plans, and emphasizes easy‐to‐maintain strategies. Concludes that a corporate policy must be developed to accommodate all the changes needed in selecting an appropriate DRP.
Electrocatalytic Properties of Binuclear Cu(II) Fused Porphyrins for Hydrogen Evolution (2018)

Binuclear copper(II) porphyrins in which two copper(II) porphyrin macrocycles are doubly fused at the meso-beta positions are shown to be active electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (2H+ + 2e– → H2). Structural characterization, including use of electron paramagnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, verifies the fused species contains two copper(II) metal centers in its resting state. In comparison to the nonfused copper(II) porphyrin complex, the fused species is reduced at significantly less applied bias potentials (ΔE1/2 ∼ 570 mV for the first reduction process). Electrochemical characterization in the presence of substrate protons confirms the production of hydrogen with near-unity Faradaic efficiency, and kinetic analysis shows the catalyst achieves a maximum turnover frequency above 2 000 000 s–1. The enhancement in catalytic performance over analogous nonfused copper(II) porphyrins indicates extended macrocycles provide an advantageous structural motif and design element for preparing electrocatalysts that activate small molecules of consequence to renewable energy.
The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma. (1994)

The hepatocellular carcinoma's mean proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining rates were correlated with its first three histological grades but revealed no statistical difference among its histological types. The mean proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining did not differentiate non-neoplastic hepatic diseases that were adjacent to hepatocellular carcinoma, including chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, reactive hepatitis, schistosomiasis and nuclear dysplasia, from grade I hepatocellular carcinoma.
3D Object Digitization: Majority Interpolation and Marching Cube (2006)

In a previous paper, we showed that a 3D object can be digitized without changing the topology if the object is r-regular and if the reconstruction method fulfills certain requirements. In this paper, we give two important examples for such reconstruction methods. First, we introduce majority interpolation, an algorithm to interpolate sampling points at doubled resolution such that topological ambiguities are resolved. Second, we show how the well-known marching cubes algorithm has to be modified such that it is topology preserving. This is the first approach of digitizing 3D objects which guarantees topology preservation for voxel-based or polygonal surface-based reconstructions
An encoder/decoder chip set for the MPEG video standard (1992)

A VLSI chip set capable of real-time MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) video encoding/decoding has been developed. It is composed of an inter-frame prediction chip, a transform and quantization chip, and a variable length coding chip. To make the chip set more cost effective, the MPEG algorithms are first partitioned into three blocks on the basis of their characteristics. Individual chip architectures are designed with the use of programmable DSP and application specific array approaches. A hierarchical data transmission method is introduced for use among the chips and frame memories. By using three chips, an MPEG video encounter can compress a 30-frames/s image sequence of 352 pels*240 lines. A decoder can be constructed with two chips for the same sequence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Frequency-resolved temperature imaging of integrated circuits with full field heterodyne interferometry (2010)

We report a fast imaging method based on full field heterodyne interferometry for the purpose of frequency resolved temperature imaging. An integrated circuit is supplied with a modulated current resulting into a temperature modulation. The frequency content for this modulation is detected using an object beam and a reference beam, frequency-shifted to create a beating of the interference pattern. We obtain frequency domain spectra of the temperature with excellent precision.
A modified transmission line model for cavity backed microstrip antennas (2002)

Spatial power combining of many MMIC amplifiers at millimeter wave frequencies using a fixed array of microstrip antenna elements places unique demands on the dielectric media. The substrate must be relatively thick to allow space for MMIC placement, must provide rather high thermal conductivity to dissipate MMIC heat, and be of high dielectric constant to shrink the circuit element dimensions. Presently, microstrip antenna models require a low dielectric constant substrate to be valid. This paper presents a modified transmission line model based on the model of Pues and Van de Capelle (1984) which addresses the problems of thick, high dielectric constant substrates as applied to proximity coupled, cavity backed microstrip antenna elements. The goal of the model was to guide the design of a microstrip array antenna suitable for a spatial power combined module.
Infernal 1.0: inference of RNA alignments (2009)

Source code, documentation and benchmark downloadable from http://infernal.janelia.org. INFERNAL is freely licensed under the GNU GPLv3 and should be portable to any POSIX-compliant operating system, including Linux and Mac OS/X.
Reduction of post‐traumatic neuroma and epineural scar formation in rat sciatic nerve by application of microcrystallic chitosan (2011)

Injury of peripheral nerve is associated with the development of post-traumatic neuroma at the end of the proximal stump, often being the origin of neuropathic pain. This type of pain is therapy-resistant and therefore extremely nagging for patients. We examined the influence of the microcrystallic chitosan gel applied to the proximal stump of totally transected sciatic nerve on the neuroma formation and neuropathic pain development in rats. In 14 rats, right sciatic nerve was transected and the distal stump was removed to avoid spontaneous rejoining. In the chitosan (experimental) group (n = 7), the proximal stump was covered with a thin layer of the microcrystallic chitosan gel. In control animals (n = 7), the cut nerve was left unsecured. Autotomy, an animal model of neuropathic pain, was monitored daily for 20 weeks following surgery. Then, the animals were perfused transcardially and the proximal stumps of sciatic nerves were dissected and subjected to histologic evaluation. The presence, size, and characteristics of neuromas as well as extraneural fibrosis were examined. In chitosan group, the incidence and the size of the neuroma were markedly reduced, as compared with the control group; however, there was no difference in autotomy behavior between groups. In addition, extraneural fibrosis was significantly reduced in chitosan group when compared to the control group. The results demonstrate beneficial influence of microcrystallic chitosan applied to the site of nerve transection on the development of post-traumatic neuroma and reduction of extraneural fibrosis, however without reduction of neuropathic pain.
Honokiol, a Putative Anxiolytic Agent Extracted from Magnolia Bark, has no Diazepam-like Side-effects in Mice (1999)

Use of the elevated plus-maze experiment and activity and traction tests in mice have revealed that seven daily treatments with 0.2 mg kg(-1) and higher doses of honokiol, a neolignane derivative extracted from Magnolia bark, had an anxiolytic effect without change in motor activity or muscle tone. Diazepam, 1 mg kg(-1), had the same anxiolytic potential as 0.2 mg kg(-1) honokiol but induced muscle relaxation. The aim of this study was to determine whether honokiol had diazepam-like side-effects. Mice treated with 1-10 mg kg(-1) diazepam, but not those treated with 0.1-2 mg kg(-1) honokiol, for 12 days showed withdrawal symptoms characterized by hyperactivity and running-fit when they were challenge-administered intraperitoneal flumazenil (10 mg kg(-1)) 24 h after the last treatment with diazepam. Oral diazepam (0.5-2 mg kg(-1), 10 min before) dose-dependently prolonged hexobarbital (100 mg kg(-1), i.p.)-induced sleeping, disrupted learning and memory, and inhibited (+)-bicuculline (40 mg kg(-1), i.p.)-induced death. Honokiol (0.2-20 mg kg(-1), p.o., 3 h before) had no such effects. The prolongation by diazepam (1 mg kg(-1)) of hexobarbital-induced sleeping was not modified by honokiol (0.2-20 mg kg(-1)). These results suggest that honokiol is less likely than diazepam to induce physical dependence, central depression and amnesia at doses eliciting the anxiolytic effect. It is also considered that honokiol might have no therapeutic effect in the treatment of convulsion.
Modeling And Model Checking Based on UML (2011)

UML is a widely used object-oriented visual unified modeling language,but it is lack of precise semantics discription,and difficult to analyze and verify the UML model so as to confirm if the specifications meet the desired requirement.The symbolic model checking is an automated checking technique that can effectively ensure the system creditability.In order to verify the correctness of the UML model,the UML model is translated to the SMV model,and then the symbolic model checker is adopted to test the model.It is helpful to detect the system errors at the beginning of the design.
High-Density Polyethylene Membrane Containing Fe0 as a Contaminant Barrier (2006)

To improve the performance of polymer-based containment barriers with respect to the breakthrough of chlorinated solvents, a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) membrane containing zero-valent iron (Fe0) nanoparticles was developed as a reactive barrier. The performance of the reactive membrane was evaluated by challenging it with carbon tetrachloride in a diaphragm cell apparatus. In a Fe0/HDPE system, reaction between carbon tetrachloride and Fe0 did not occur due to a lack of water in the polymer matrix. A glycerol-modified Fe0/HDPE membrane successfully increased the lag time before breakthrough by 13–16 fold compared to HDPE alone. Calculations estimate that only 2.5–3.0% of the Fe0 initially present in the membrane reacted before breakthrough of carbon tetrachloride. Extrapolations of these results to practical situations with larger membrane thicknesses and lower contaminant concentrations predict lag times on the order of years.
The development of a memory card system for a digital still camera using a 4 Mbit NAND-EEPROM (1992)

A card which is compatible with an SRAM memory card and can store a large amount of image data at low cost without battery backup is described. This card incorporates 4-MBit NAND-EEPROMs, a custom designed gate array, and an 8-bit microprocessor. The card utilizes the following techniques: (1) a byte writing method to realize byte writing for header data; (2) an automatic erasing method to reduce apparent writing time; (3) automatic command writing on the NAND-EEPROM, executed within the card without burdening the camera; and (4) a block substitution method for recovering local cell error. These functions can be executed automatically within the card. Accordingly, the present camera system can utilize the card without any limitations caused by the chip architecture of the NAND-EEPROM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Palladium-catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Chloropyrazines with Indole (1985)

The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 2-chloropyrazines with indole was shown to proceed in moderate to good yields, giving 2-(pyrazin-2-y1)indoles.The structure determination of the products was made on the basis of the X-Ray diffraction and 1 3 ~-~~~ spectroscopic analyses.The palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of indoles have been extensively 1 investigated in recent years .Among these reactions, allylation2 prompted us to 3 pay attention to the synthesis of the Cypridina luciferin .Recently, we reported the simple procedures for the introduction of the cyano4, alkenyl and alkyny15, 6 and methyl groups into the pyrazine ring by the aid of the palladium catalysts.Our attempt was to couple chloropyrazines with indole to prepare 3-(pyrazin-2-y1)indoles, which constitute the carbon skeleton of the Cypridina luciferin, isolated from Cypridina hilgendorf ii3.When a mixture of 2-chloro-3,6-diisobutylpyrazine (Id), indole, potassium acetate and tetrakis(tripheny1phosphine)palladium in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was refluxed for 6 h, the coupling product (Zd) was obtained in 25% yield.By replacing the solvent by N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and by elongating the reaction time to 12 h, the yield became to 49%.Thus, some other 2-chloro-3,6dialkylpyrazines (la-c) were submitted to the reaction under the same conditions and the results are shown in Table 1.On the other hand, the reaction of Z-chlorodiphenylpyrazines with indale was achieved successfully, by replacing the catalyst HETEROCYCLES.V-I. 23, No. 9, 1985 111.0 (indole C-7), 120.0 (indole C-6), 121.5 (indole C-4), 123.7 (indole C-5), 129.2 (indole C-9), 134.0 (indole C-2), 136.0 (indole C-8), 140.6 (pyrazine C), 143.2 (pyrazine C), 148.3 (pyrazine C), 149.6 (pyrazine C) ppm; Anal.Calcd.for C14H13N3: C, 75
Controllable resistance switching behavior of NiO/SiO2 double layers for nonvolatile memory applications (2009)

Resistive switching characteristics of the double layer (NiO/SiO2) were studied for possible nonvolatile memory applications. The effect of SiO2 thickness variation in the memory device was investigated. A repeatable resistance switching behavior was observed with on/off ratio 105. The operation voltage of the device depended on the thickness of SiO2 layer and it increases with increasing SiO2 thickness. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that the formation/rapture of Ni filament like percolation path inside SiO2 layer is responsible for the current transport mechanism.
Analysis of a Three-Frequency GPS/WAAS Receiver to Land an Airplane (2002)

This paper investigates the vertical guidance performance
of a multiple frequency Global Positioning System (GPS)
(L1, L2, and L5)/Wide Area Augmentation System
(WAAS) receiver in the presence of inclement weather
and radio frequency interference (RFI). There are several
ways to take advantage of the multiple frequencies. For
example, one can calculate ionosphere delay in the
airplane. This would be used in place of the grid of
ionosphere delay corrections broadcast by WAAS. This
direct use of multiple frequencies would be more accurate
and offer higher availability. Another way to take
advantage of the multiple frequencies is to use the
additional GPS frequencies as a backup navigation
method when RFI is present. This would require the user
to continue using the grid. This paper presents the results
of a trade-off study evaluating the performance of various
architectures for a multiple-frequency GPS landing
system. The architectures evaluated depend on the
number of available GPS frequencies and include the
following:
• Case 1: All three GPS frequencies are available,
• Case 2: Two of three GPS Frequencies are available,
• Case 3: One of three GPS frequencies is available.
The design evaluation criterion compares the coverage of
availabilities versus the vertical alert limit (VAL) under
these three cases.
This paper also investigates the effects on the WAAS
master station (WMS) using coded L1 and coded L5
signals instead of using coded L1 and codeless L2 signals.
This paper discusses the parameter changes in the
protection level calculation of the WAAS MOPS (RTCA
DO-229C) for the above three cases. These changes
affect the fast and long term correction degradation
confidence ( flt o ), user ionosphere range error confidence
( o , i UIRE ), airborne receiver confidence ( o , i air ), and
troposphere delay confidence ( o , i tropo ). The MATLAB
Algorithm Availability Simulation Tool (MAAST) [5]
was used to simulate these parameter changes in the
WAAS confidence estimation algorithm and evaluate the
effect of service availability with these parameter
changes.
Evolution of anisotropic microstructure and residual stress in sputtered Cr films (2002)

A series of Cr films with varying thicknesses have been prepared using a multiple moving substrate deposition geometry. These films have been investigated with several experimental techniques, including synchrotron x-ray scattering, pole figures, electron microscope, and double crystal diffraction topography. It was found that the in-plane stresses are highly anisotropic in these Cr films. The anisotropic stresses, characterized by two principal stresses in two characteristic directions defined by the deposition geometry, are quantified based on a methodology given in the Appendix. The plan view transmission electron microscopy observations reveal that the Cr films develop well-organized microstructures. The grains, which are elongated along the radial direction, are crystallographically aligned as well. The development of crystallographic texture in the Cr films, further revealed by pole figures and azimuthal (φ) x-ray scans, depends on both the deposition geometry and the film thickness. The preferential orientation of film growth is [110] for thinner films (&lt;1.6 μm), and then becomes [111] for thicker films. Correspondingly, the in-plane texture varies in a conformal manner. In the former case, [100] and [110] directions of grains preferentially align along the radial direction and the direction of platen rotation, respectively. In the latter case, the preferential orientation of grains in the radial direction becomes [112], while that in the direction of rotation remains to be [110]. The occurrence of the anisotropic stresses and their dependence on film thickness is related to the evolution of the anisotropic structure and in-plane texture. The correlation is discussed in terms of the modulus effect associated with in-plane texture, the stress relief at intercolumnar voids, and the texture transition.
Herstellung ultradünner Schichten mit molekular kontrollierten Aufbau aus polymeren Phthalocyaninen mit der Langmuir-Blodgett-Technik (1986)

Eine neue Klasse nichtamphiphiler Verbindungen zur Erzeugung ultradünner Schichten ( < 2nm) sind die Titelverbindungen 1. Mit ihnen gelingt es, die Orientierung der Moleküle in der Ebene der monomolekularen Schichten durch äußere Parameter vorzugeben. Dies ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung zur Anwendung solcher Systeme als optische und elektrooptische Komponenten in der Dünnschichttechnik.
Time Domain Referencing In Intensity Modulation Fiber Optic Sensing Systems (1986)

Intensity modulation sensors are classified depending on the way in which the reference and signal channels are separated: in space, wavelength (frequency), or time demains. To implement the time domain referencing different types of fiber optic (F0) loops have been used. A pulse of short duration sent into the loop results in a series of pulses of different amplitudes. The information about the measured parameter is retrieved from the relative amplitudes of pulses in the same train.
Improving brain function with transcranial magnetic stimulation? (2001)

Stimulation of the cerebral cortex has played an integral role in the development of clinical neuroscience, from Penfield’s delineation of the motor homunculus, to the therapeutic techniques of electroconvulsive therapy, to the current use of stimulation to determine the function of epileptic cortex or to identify the language-dominant hemisphere. In 1985, Barker et al.1 introduced transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a technique for electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex by inducing a strong, rapidly changing magnetic field adjacent to the scalp. Because the calvarium has no impedance to a magnetic field, TMS induces intracortical electrical currents with little or no discomfort. TMS can theoretically be applied to any superficial cortical area. Because the effects of motor cortex stimulation are readily quantified with electromyography (EMG), TMS has been used predominantly in the study of the motor system. For example, Liepert et al.2 used TMS to map the motor cortex to show that exercise of the paretic arm after a stroke, along with restraint of the nonparalyzed arm, increased the size of the motor area for the affected hand.

TMS can …