gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid, Random Evolution of the Genetic Structure of Replicating Tobacco Mosaic Virus Populations (1989)

The effects of temperature and type of host on the evolution of variants in replicating populations of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) originating from an in vitro RNA transcript of a cDNA clone were studied. The phenotypic markers measured were temperature-sensitive (ts) replication and induction of necrotic local lesions (nl) on Nicotiana sylvestris. The proportions of ts variants were about the same under all conditions tested, but changes in temperature or host had strong effects on proportions of nl variants. During replication at elevated temperatures in tobacco or tomato, percentages of nl variants were reduced rapidly to about one tenth their initial values. In contrast, when virus replicated at 25 degrees in tobacco, little change in the average proportion of nl variants was observed, and in tomato, only a slight average reduction occurred. Virus replicating at 25 degrees in Solanum nigrum or Petunia hybrida suffered effects similar to those observed in tobacco or tomato, respectively. However, at 25 degrees in Physalis floridana, there was strong selection against nl variants, which eventually reduced them to essentially undetectable levels. In all hosts tested at 25 degrees, surprisingly large, apparently random changes in the proportion of nl variants occurred in individual plants. These experiments showed that virus populations can evolve rapidly on a time scale of days, and that an element of randomness is an important component in the initiation of change.
PWM control and input characteristics of three-phase multi-level AC/DC converter (2003)

The authors discuss the current control and pulse width modulation (PWM) pattern generation of a multilevel power converter which is capable of producing three levels of phase voltage. In the proposed current control, fast response is realized by introducing a converter model in the control algorithm and the effect of parameter difference between the model and an actual system is compensated for through proportional-plus-integral control of current difference. In PWM pattern generation, the balance of two capacitor voltages is taken into account. For the same sampling period, the current distortion factor of the proposed system can be approximately reduced to 60% of that of a conventional two-level power converter. The prototype was made using a digital signal processor, and simulation and experimental results were compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Purification, characterization, and molecular cloning of lactonizing lipase from Pseudomonas species. (1991)

An extracellular lipase catalyzing the synthesis of macrocyclic lactones in anhydrous organic solvents was purified to homogeneity from Pseudomonas nov. sp. 109, and characterized. The lipase showed a pI of 5.3 on isoelectric focusing and a Mr of 29,000 +/- 1,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. With respect to substrate specificity, optimum chain length for acyl moiety varied depending on the type of reaction catalyzed: C18 in monomer lactone formation, C11 or shorter in dimer lactone formation, and C8 in ester hydrolysis. The amino-terminal 19 amino acid residues of the purified lipase were determined as Ser-Thr-Tyr-Thr-Gln-Thr-Lys-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Leu-Ala-His-Gly-Met-Leu-Gly- Phe, and the gene encoding the lipase was identified by hybridization to a synthetic 20-nucleotide probe, cloned, and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence analysis predicted a 311-amino acid open reading frame, a putative ribosome-binding site, and a 26-amino acid sequence at the amino terminus of the sequence that is not found in the mature protein. This 26-amino acid sequence has many of the characteristics common to known signal peptides. The lipase gene encoded a sequence of Val-Asn-Leu-Ile-Gly-His-Ser-His-Gly-Gly which is very well conserved among lipases, and showed 38-40% overall homology to the amino acid sequences of lipases from Pseudomonas fragie and Pseudomonas cepacia, but showed little homology to those of other lipases, suggesting that some structural features are required for catalyzing macrocyclic lactone synthesis in organic solvents and are restricted to lipases of the Pseudomonas origin.
An Asian Origin of Virulent Aeromonas hydrophila Responsible for Disease Epidemics in United States-Farmed Catfish (2014)

Catfish aquaculture farming in the southeastern United States has been severely affected by the emergence of virulent Aeromonas hydrophila responsible for epidemic disease outbreaks, resulting in the death of over 10 million pounds of catfish. Because the origin of this newly emerged A. hydrophila strain is unknown, this study used a comparative genomics approach to conduct a phylogenomic analysis of A. hydrophila isolates obtained from the United States and Asia. Our results suggest that the virulent isolates from United States-farmed catfish have a recent common ancestor with A. hydrophila isolates from diseased Asian carp. We have also observed that an Asian carp isolate, like recent U.S. catfish isolates, is virulent in catfish. The results from this study suggest that the highly virulent U.S. epidemic isolates emerged from an Asian source and provide another example of the threat that invasive species pose in the dissemination of bacterial pathogens.
Recent Advances In Adaptive Optics Methods And Technology (1989)

Adaptive wavefront-correction concepts employing deformable mirror technologies have been under investigation for nearly four decades, but most of the important hardware advances have taken place in the last 15 years. State-of-the-art systems comprise second-generation components that are capable of simultaneously manipulating several hundred mirror actuators at kilohertz rates. In tests performed at visible wavelengths, these systems have demonstrated an ability to achieve near-unity Strehl ratios when coupled with telescopes having apertures in the 0.5 to 1-meter range. The third-generation technologies currently under development are intended to be scalable to transmitters of significantly greater dimensions.
Outcomes of referrals to gynaecology outpatient clinics for menstrual problems: an audit of general practice records (1991)

Guidelines are needed to assist referral decision-making. If audit is to be used to promote good practice these guidelines should consider the patients' anxieties and preferences, as well as the most appropriate use of investigations and treatments.
What's (Not) Validating Network Paths: A Survey (2018)

Validating network paths taken by packets is critical for a secure Internet architecture. Any feasible solution must both enforce packet forwarding along endhost-specified paths and verify whether packets have taken those paths. However, neither enforcement nor verification is supported by the current Internet. Due likely to a long-standing confusion between routing and forwarding, only limited solutions for path validation exist in the literature. This survey article aims to reinvigorate research in to the significant and essential topic of path validation. It crystallizes not only how path validation works but also where seemingly qualified solutions fall short. The analyses explore future research directions in path validation toward improving security, privacy, and efficiency.
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) &ndash; treatment of the reduced host defense (2012)

The present United States standard for prevention and treatment of ARS standard intervention should consequently be modified into the combined systemic administration of growth factors and inhaled GM-CSF to ensure the sustained systemic and pulmonary host defense and thus prevent pulmonary dysfunction.
Wideband Inductive-coupling Interface for High-performance Portable System (2007)

This paper presents a wideband, low power, and low cost pulse-based inductive-coupling interface for wireless data transfer in high performance portable devices. General aspects of wireless links are discussed to understand the position of the inductive-coupling technique. Two applications of a pulse-based inductive-coupling interface are introduced, one is a 0.14 pJ/b inter-chip link for system-in-a-package. The other is a detachable wireless interface for chip monitoring through LSI package. Circuit design techniques for a power reduction and an extension of communication range are presented.
Triple Osteotomy of the Pelvis (1990)

From 1980 to 1987, 43 patients (51 hips) were treated by triple pelvic (ischium, ilium, and pubis) osteotomy for moderate to severe symptomatic acetabular dysplasia. They were followed postoperatively for an average of 48 months (range, 18 to 84 months). In 41 patients (43 hips; 96%) there was dramatic relief of pain. The mean center-edge angle improved from 13.4 degrees to 36.1 degrees. The coverage of the femoral head was improved by an average of 25%. The authors conclude that triple osteotomy of the pelvis gives consistently good and predictable results with regard to pain relief and adequate femoral head coverage.
Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of the Vasopeptidase Inhibitor BMS-189921 (2003)

[reaction: see text] An efficient asymmetric synthesis of the vasopeptidase inhibitor BMS-189921 was accomplished. Two short enantioselective syntheses of the common key intermediate (S)-alpha-aminoazepinone 6b were developed. Olefin 3 was converted to 6b via asymmetric hydrogenation. Alternatively, enyne 12 was converted to racemic alpha-aminoazepinone 15b, which was transformed to 6b by a practical dynamic resolution.
Defects in keratinocyte activation during wound healing in the syndecan-1-deficient mouse (2002)

Mice lacking syndecan-1 are viable, fertile and have morphologically normal skin, hair and ocular surface epithelia. While studying the response of these mice to corneal epithelial and skin wounding, we identified defects in epithelial cell proliferation and regulation of integrin expression. mRNA profiling of corneal epithelial tissues obtained from wild-type and syndecan-1(-/-) mice suggest that these defects result from differences in overall gene transcription. In the cornea, syndecan-1(-/-) epithelial cells migrate more slowly, show reduced localization of alpha9 integrin during closure of wounds and fail to increase their proliferation rate 24 hours after wounding. In the skin, we did not document a migration defect after full thickness wounds but did observe cell proliferation delays and reduced localization of alpha9 integrin in the syndecan-1(-/-) epidermis after dermabrasion. Despite increased cell proliferation rates in the uninjured syndecan-1(-/-) epidermis and the corneal epithelium, morphologically normal epithelial thickness is maintained prior to injury; however, wounding is accompanied by prolonged hypoplasia in both tissues. Analyses of integrin protein levels in extracts from full thickness skin, revealed increased levels of alpha3 and alpha9 integrins both prior to injury and after hair removal in syndecan-1(-/-) mice but no increase 2 days after dermabrasion. These data for the first time show involvement of alpha9 integrin in skin wound healing and demonstrate essential roles for syndecan-1 in mediating cell proliferation and regulation of integrin expression in normal and wounded epithelial tissues.
Análisis de los componentes del tiempo de reacción (1995)

En el presente trabajo se hacen una serie de consideraciones sobre la utilizacion de la tecnica de 10s tiempos de reaccion en diferentes campos de investigacion, ejemplijicandose con experimentos en el campo de la percepcion auditiva, en el estudio de 10s anteperiodos y en el establecimiento de la relacion entre diferencias individuales, inteligencia y personalidad, y tiempos de reaccion. A 10 largo del trabajo se realizan varios comentarios sobre la necesidad de utilizar la informacion complementaria que puede obtenerse de una situacion prototllpica de registro de 10s tiempos de reaccion como, por ejemplo, anticipaciones, lapsus, errores o medidas parciales. Se proponen tambien una serie de consejos practicos a tener en cuenta para optimizar las medidas de 10s tiempos de reaccion. Palabras clave: Tiempo de reaccion, anteperiodo, anticipacion, diferencias individuales.
Ultrawideband hybrid EBG/ferrite ground plane for low-profile array antennas (2007)

Ultrawideband and low-profile antennas are considered a most critical component in the development of low-band systems such as airborne foliage penetrating radar and EW applications. For these applications it is clear that an ultrawideband and low-profile ground plane needs to be developed and implemented to achieve the desired specifications and enhanced performance. In this paper a novel ultrawideband and low-profile hybrid EBG/ferrite ground plane is presented. The hybrid ground plane design offers ultrawideband operation beginning in the 100s of MHz with the presented design version offering an operational bandwidth exceeding 22:1 starting at 170 MHz. The use of this ground plane will allow for the practical and effective implementation of the new highly sophisticated and ultrawideband antenna systems developed at Raytheon.
<title>Performance characteristics of silicon photodiode (SiPD)-based instrument for fast functional optical tomography</title> (2001)

We describe the design rationale, performance features, and operating characteristics of a newly constructed CW-NIR tomographic imaging system that is capable of continuous, real-time imaging of large tissue structures. Results from phantom and clinical studies are presented and discussed.
Modeling and control of arterial oxygen saturation in premature infants (2011)

In this work modeling and control of neonatal infants blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) is investigated.Through analyzing the biological system, it was shown that the blood is oxygenated through the mechanisms of ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion.It was also shown that the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), heart rate, and respiratory rate had an effect on the oxygenation of the blood.Four different models were used to model the SpO2.The models investigated are a neural network, fuzzy logic, updating transfer function, and dynamic transfer function model.The best performing model was the dynamic transfer function model.This model was able to adjust to changes in the infants biological system and accurately estimate the SpO2 for a prolonged time.Three different controllers were designed.The controllers are a linear quadratic regulator proportional integral controller, an adaptive controller with feed-forward disturbance rejection, and robust controller.All controllers were designed using the dynamic transfer function model.The controllers were designed to regulate the SpO2 by adjusting the FiO2.Each controller attempted to reject the disturbances caused by the heart rate and respiratory rate.The controllers were tested on simulated data.The best controller was found to be the robust controller with an average SpO2 of 6.6423e-004% and a maximum SpO2 value of 0.0725%.The SpO2 is normalized at 90% and the FiO2 is normalized at 21%.The SpO2 and FiO2 values presented here are the difference between the actual values and the nominal values.
Two- and three-dimensional simulations of ultrasonic propagation through human breast tissue (2002)

Simulations of spherical-wave ultrasonic pulse propagation through human breast tissue are presented. Breast tissue models were created by processing of volumetric photographic data from the Visible Woman project. Tissue types were empirically mapped to hue, saturation, and value parameters of the photographic data; acoustic parameters of tissue were then mapped using empirical linear relationships between mass density, sound speed, and ultrasonic absorption. Computations of ultrasonic propagation were performed in two and three dimensions using a k-space method incorporating tissue-dependent absorption and absorbing boundary layers. The results show wavefront distortion effects similar to measurements on breast tissue. Statistically, wavefront distortion is significantly more severe for the three-dimensional simulations than for the two-dimensional simulations.
QoS of Video Delivered over 802.11e WLANs (2009)

Many home networks now use 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLAN)s. The 802.11e amendment has been designed to improve quality of service (QoS) over these networks allowing for multimedia applications such as IPTV to be better supported. The H.264 video compression standard is suitable for IPTV due to its high compression and error resilience. Video packets of different slice types are of varying importance to the decoded video quality so can be mapped into different priority queues using 802.11e enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA). We investigate several mapping schemes for a variety of video content to see how the quality of the decoded video is affected as the number of concurrent video connections is increased. The different mapping schemes exhibit different loss patterns in the video sequences and their impact on the video quality is content dependent. Subjective tests were therefore carried out which allow us to perform an accurate and valid assessment of the video quality. Packet loss rate is also reported. Our results show that as the number of concurrent videos approaches the network capacity some mapping schemes show a cliff-edge drop in quality while others offer a more acceptable gradual quality degradation. These schemes cause B-frames to be dropped and in effect reduce the video frame rate. These schemes are more successful for videos that have low or medium temporal activity.
Efficient multilocus association testing for whole genome association studies using localized haplotype clustering (2007)

Whole genome association studies are generating data sets with hundreds of thousands of markers genotyped on thousands of cases and controls. We show that whole genome haplotypic association testing with permutation to account for multiple testing is statistically powerful and computationally feasible on such data, using an efficient software implementation of a recently proposed method. We use realistic simulations to explore the statistical properties of the method, and show that for ungenotyped disease-susceptibility variants with population frequencies of 5% or less the haplotypic tests have markedly better power than single-marker tests. We propose a combined single-marker and haplotypic strategy, in which both single-marker and haplotypic tests are applied, with the minimum P-value adjusted for multiple testing by permutation which results in a test that is powerful for detecting both low-and high-frequency disease-susceptibility variants.
Use of a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect and differentiate two strains of Haemobartonella felis in naturally infected cats (2001)

Haemobartonella felis infections are more common in cats than previously recognized. Haemobartonella felis-OH is apparently more pathogenic than H. felis-CA. The PCR assay is more accurate than cytologic examination for detection of H. felis infection and is an effective clinical tool for the detection and differentiation of both H. felis strains known to infect cats.
Method of compensating for aberrations in electron holography by using a liquid-crystal spatial-light modulator (1994)

A method for correcting the aberration of an electron-objective lens during the holographic reconstruction stage is proposed. In this method, a liquid-crystal spatial-light modulator is used as a computercontrolled phase plate on the Fourier plane of an optical reconstruction system. The effective refractive index of the liquid crystals changes with the applied electric field because of the crystals's birefringence. Thus the phase of light passing through the liquid-crystal spatial-light modulator can be flexibly modulated to compensate for wave aberration. Experimental results on adjusting the focus of the image wave reconstructed from an electron-image hologram of magnesium oxide particles are presented.
Activation of restriction endonuclease<i>Eco</i>RII does not depend on the cleavage of stimulator DNA (1991)

The restriction endonuclease EcoRII is unable to cleave DNA molecules when recognition sites are very far apart. The enzyme, however can be activated in the presence of DNA molecules with a high frequency of EcoRII sites or by oligonucleotides containing recognition sites: Addition of the activator molecules stimulates cleavage of the refractory substrate. We now show that endonucleolysis of the stimulator molecules is not a necessary prerequisite of enzyme activation. A total EcoRII digest of pBR322 DNA or oligonucleotide duplexes with simulated EcoRII ends (containing the 5' phosphate group), as well as oligonucleotide duplexes containing modified bases within the EcoRII site, making them resistant to cleavage, are all capable of enzyme activation. For activation EcoRII requires the interaction with at least two recognition sites. The two sites may be on the same DNA molecule, on different oligonucleotide duplexes, or on one DNA molecule and one oligonucleotide duplex. The efficiency of functional intramolecular cooperation decreases with increasing distance between the sites. Intermolecular site interaction is inversely related to the size of the stimulator oligonucleotide duplex. The data are in agreement with a model whereby EcoRII simultaneously interacts with two recognition sites in the active complex, but cleavage of the site serving as an allosteric activator is not necessary.
32QAM WDM Transmission Using a Quantum-Dash Passively Mode-Locked Laser with Resonant Feedback (2017)

We demonstrate coherent WDM transmission using a quantum-dash mode-locked laser diode with resonant feedback. We report a line rate of 12 Tbit/s (32QAM 60×20 GBd PDM) over 75 km SMF. The spectral efficiency is 7.5 bit/s/Hz.
Further Explorations in Visually-Guided Reaching: Making MURPHY Smarter (1988)

MURPHY is a vision-based kinematic controller and path planner based on a connectionist architecture, and implemented with a video camera and Rhino XR-series robot arm. Imitative of the layout of sensory and motor maps in cerebral cortex, MURPHY'S internal representations consist of four coarse-coded populations of simple units representing both static and dynamic aspects of the sensory-motor environment. In previously reported work [4], MURPHY first learned a direct kinematic of his camera-arm system during a period of extended practice, and then used this mental model to heuristically guide his hand to unobstructed visual targets. MURPHY has since been extended in two ways: First, he now learns the inverse differential-kinematics of his arm in addition to ordinary direct kinematics, which allows him to push his hand directly towards a visual target without the need for search. Secondly, he now deals with the much more difficult problem of reaching in the presence of obstacles.