gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manual Wheelchair Use: Bouts of Mobility in Everyday Life (2012)

Background. This study aimed to describe how people move about in manual wheelchairs (MWCs) during everyday life by evaluating bouts of mobility or continuous periods of movement. Methods. A convenience sample of 28 MWC users was recruited. Participants' everyday mobility was measured using a wheel-mounted accelerometer and seat occupancy switch for 1-2 weeks. Bouts of mobility were recorded and characterized. Results. Across 29,200 bouts, the median bout lasted 21 seconds and traveled 8.6 m at 0.43 m/s. 85% of recorded bouts lasted less than 1 minute and traveled less than 30 meters. Participants' daily wheelchair activity included 90 bouts and 1.6 km over 54 minutes. Average daily occupancy time was 11 hours during which participants wheeled 10 bouts/hour and spent 10% of their time wheeling. Spearman-Brown Prophecy analysis suggested that 7 days were sufficient to achieve a reliability of 0.8 for all bout variables. Conclusions. Short, slow bouts dominate wheelchair usage in a natural environment. Therefore, clinical evaluations and biomechanical research should reflect this by concentrating on initiating movement, maneuvering wheelchairs, and stopping. Bouts of mobility provide greater depth to our understanding of wheelchair use and are a more stable metric (day-to-day) than distance or time wheeled.
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Surface Force Investigations of Poly(amido amine) Dendrimer with Hydroxyl End Groups (1999)

Atomic force microscopic image on mica substrate, which was dipped for 10 min in an aqueous solution of fifth-generation poly(amido amine) dendrimer with hydroxyl end groups, displayed a flatter texture of dendrimer-adsorbed surface. On the external contrast variation of small-angle neutron scattering for aqueous dendrimer solutions, the apparent radius of gyration of dendrimer decreased with increasing H2O content in H2O/D2O mixed solvent, indicating the water penetration into dendrimer. The calculation based on small-angle neutron scattering theory and a five-layer model of dendrimer with water penetration was fitted with the observed one. In connection with the ability of dendrimer doping small molecules, it is confirmed that the segment density profile in dendrimer is owing to the compensation of the segment density increase by the segment branching and the density decrease due to the segment chain extension, although the water penetration depends on the latter fact. The surface force−separation curves between glass beads adsorbed dendrimers in aqueous solutions depended on the adsorption time. At a medium adsorption time, the electrostatic repulsion force between glass surfaces diminished apparently owing to the adsorption of dendrimers. Moreover, dendrimers sandwiched between glass surfaces raised the adhesive attraction force with glass surfaces. At a long adsorption time, both glass surfaces were covered by adsorbed dendrimers, and the repulsive force acted between dendrimer layers. Same profiles of the surface force−separation curves were observed at a shorter adsorption time for the more concentrated solution and for the higher-generation dendrimer. It is confirmed from the theoretical analysis that the interaction force between dendrimer layers is dominated by the osmotic pressure effect in the steric repulsion force. This suggests the utilization of poly(amido amine) dendrimer with a hydroxyl end groups as a surface-improvement agent promoting the dispersion stability of fine particles in medium.
Parameterization Method on B‐Spline Curve (2012)

The use of computer graphics in many areas allows a real object to be transformed into a three‐dimensional computer model (3D) by developing tools to improve the visualization of two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D data from series of data point. The tools involved the representation of 2D and 3D primitive entities and parameterization method using B‐spline interpolation. However, there is no parameterization method which can handle all types of data points such as collinear data points and large distance of two consecutive data points. Therefore, this paper presents a new parameterization method that is able to solve those drawbacks by visualizing the 2D primitive entity of scanned data point of a real object and construct 3D computer model. The new method has improved a hybrid method by introducing exponential parameterization method in the beginning of the reconstruction process, followed by computing B‐spline basis function to find maximum value of the function. The improvement includes solving a linear system of the B‐spline basis function using numerical method. Improper selection of the parameterization method may lead to the singularity matrix of the system linear equations. The experimental result on different datasets show that the proposed method performs better in constructing the collinear and two consecutive data points compared to few parameterization methods.
Type I Collagen Promotes the Malignant Phenotype of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2004)

These experiments elucidate a mechanism by which the DR in pancreatic cancer may form and, via the collagen within it, promote the malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting significant detriment to the host.
Near-band gap optical behavior of sputter deposited α- and α+β-ZrO2 films (1989)

The functional dependence of the optical absorption coefficient on photon energy in the 4.9–6.5 eV range was determined for α- and α+β-ZrO2 films grown by reactive sputter deposition on fused silica. Two allowed direct interband transitions in α-ZrO2 were identified, with energies equal to 5.20 and 5.79 eV. Modification of these transitions in α+β-ZrO2 is reported.
A New Multi-Functional Digital Servo LSI for Home VCR (1987)

In these couple of years, the home VCR market has remarkably spread over the world, and it's market tends to demand the VCR having more functions at lower cost. In order to satisfy these requirements, the signal processing ICs on VCR have been integrated in larger scale.
Aluminum with dispersed nanoparticles by laser additive manufacturing (2019)

While laser-printed metals do not tend to match the mechanical properties and thermal stability of conventionally-processed metals, incorporating and dispersing nanoparticles in them should enhance their performance. However, this remains difficult to do during laser additive manufacturing. Here, we show that aluminum reinforced by nanoparticles can be deposited layer-by-layer via laser melting of nanocomposite powders, which enhance the laser absorption by almost one order of magnitude compared to pure aluminum powders. The laser printed nanocomposite delivers a yield strength of up to 1000 MPa, plasticity over 10%, and Young's modulus of approximately 200 GPa, offering one of the highest specific Young's modulus and specific yield strengths among structural metals, as well as an improved specific strength and thermal stability up to 400 °C compared to other aluminum-based materials. The improved performance is attributed to a high density of well-dispersed nanoparticles, strong interfacial bonding between nanoparticles and Al matrix, and ultrafine grain sizes.
[Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA in human RBCs during storage]. (2013)

This study was purposed to identify endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA in human RBCs during storage and to investigate the relationship of its changing profile and preservation time at 4°C. RT-PCR and gene sequencing were applied to identify eNOS-mRNA in banked RBC. Real time PCR was used to study the relationship of eNOS-mRNA expression and preservation time. The results showed that eNOS mRNA was detected in RBC. Compared with fresh RBC, the content of eNOS mRNA in RBC was 0.868 ± 0.119 stored for 1 week, which was 0.379 ± 0.289, 0.108 ± 0.134, 0.141 ± 0.141, 0.125 ± 0.12 stored for 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks respectively. It is concluded that eNOS mRNA exists in human RBC and its content is decreasing gradually along with the prolongation of storage time in banked RBC. Stored for 3 weeks, the content of eNOS-mRNA remains to be at lower level of concentration in human RBC.
Registration and integration of multiple object views for 3D model construction (1998)

Automatic 3D object model construction is important in applications ranging from manufacturing to entertainment, since CAD models of existing objects may be either unavailable or unusable. We describe a prototype system for automatically registering and integrating multiple views of objects from range data. The results can then be used to construct geometric models of the objects. New techniques for handling key problems such as robust estimation of transformations relating multiple views and seamless integration of registered data to form an unbroken surface have been proposed and implemented in the system. Experimental results on real surface data acquired using a digital interferometric sensor as well as a laser range scanner demonstrate the good performance of our system.
Dynamic nested sampling: an improved algorithm for parameter estimation and evidence calculation (2018)

We introduce dynamic nested sampling: a generalisation of the nested sampling algorithm in which the number of “live points” varies to allocate samples more efficiently. In empirical tests the new method significantly improves calculation accuracy compared to standard nested sampling with the same number of samples; this increase in accuracy is equivalent to speeding up the computation by factors of up to $$\sim 72$$ for parameter estimation and $$\sim 7$$ for evidence calculations. We also show that the accuracy of both parameter estimation and evidence calculations can be improved simultaneously. In addition, unlike in standard nested sampling, more accurate results can be obtained by continuing the calculation for longer. Popular standard nested sampling implementations can be easily adapted to perform dynamic nested sampling, and several dynamic nested sampling software packages are now publicly available.
Parallel processor for the simulation of adaptive networks (2003)

A multiprocessor computer for the simulation of adaptive networks is considered. The system uses parallel processing to speed-up the execution of adaptive-network algorithms, and thereby facilitates subsequent research and development of adaptive network architectures and algorithms. The multiprocessor system contains 128 Intel 8088 microprocessors, which are controlled by a single 80286-based master computer either individually, or all at once. An adaptive network algorithm for pattern recognition was hosted on the system to demonstrate the parallelism and increased speed of identification. The system is currently being used to host new representation formats which require the greater computing power supplied by parallel computing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A magnetostrictive electric generator (1993)

An electric generator based on the magnetostrictive effect is presented. Longitudinal oscillations of a Terfenol-D rod give rise to a varying flux which induces a current in a coil wound around the rod. A small prototype of such a device is discussed, and both calculations and experiments are performed. The problem of eddy current losses is addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Piezoelectric Transducers (2013)

Piezoelectric materials are used as layers or fibers that are embedded within or bonded to the surfaces of a structure. Piezoelectric transducers can be made in the different shapes. Piezoelectric elements are mainly made of polymer or ceramic materials.
Functions of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives in Improving Rural Modern Circulation System (2016)

This paper firstly described current development situation of China’s rural circulation system. In the process of accelerating modernization, the supply and marketing cooperative is always an essential force, but the gap between urban and rural circulation system is still expanding. On the basis of current development situation, it analyzed functions of supply and marketing cooperatives in rural logistics system. Finally, it came up with recommendations for improving China’s rural circulation system. In the new period, it is recommended to bring into play advantages of supply and marketing cooperatives, expand the coverage, gradually promote industry upgrade of renewable resource recycling, and constantly strengthen functions of supply and marketing cooperatives in building the rural modern circulation system, to build supply and marketing cooperatives into new forces and comprehensive platform for farmers’ production and living services.
HMGB1 preconditioning: therapeutic application for a danger signalõ (2007)

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear factor released extracellularly as a late mediator of lethality in sepsis and as an early mediator of inflammation following injury. In contrast to the proinflammatory role of HMGB1, recent evidence suggests beneficial applications of HMGB1 in injury states. One such application is the use of HMGB1 as a preconditioning stimulus. Preconditioning is a phenomenon whereby a low level of stressful stimuli confers protection against subsequent injury. Preconditioning has been demonstrated in multiple species, can be induced by various stimuli, and is applicable in different organ systems. Only with the recent introduction of the concept of endogenous molecules, such as HMGB1, as signals and mediators for inflammation during injury states has the use of endogenous molecules been investigated for this use. This review will focus on the use of endogenous molecules, specifically HMGB1, as a preconditioning stimulus and its mechanism of protection, as well as other protective applications for HMGB1.
TOXIC AND ESSENTIAL METAL INTERACTIONS (1997)

Cadmium, lead, mercury, and aluminum are toxic metals that may interact metabolically with nutritionally essential metals. Iron deficiency increases absorption of cadmium, lead, and aluminum. Lead interacts with calcium in the nervous system to impair cognitive development. Cadmium and aluminum interact with calcium in the skeletal system to produce osteodystrophies. Lead replaces zinc on heme enzymes and cadmium replaces zinc on metallothionein. Selenium protects from mercury and methylmercury toxicity. Aluminum interacts with calcium in bone and kidneys, resulting in aluminum osteodystrophy. Calcium deficiency along with low dietary magnesium may contribute to aluminum-induced degenerative nervous disease.
CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING AND END-ARTERY DISRUPTION OF THE FETUS (1997)

A fetus with transverse limb reduction defects and jejunal atresia after exposure to chorionic villus sampling (CVS) at 9 weeks of amenorrhoea is described. A theory involving disruption of end-arteries due to the CVS procedure is suggested.
Adeno-associated virus capsid assembly is divergent and stochastic (2020)

Abstract Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are small, non-enveloped, and have a T=1 icosahedral capsid. They belong to the Parvoviridae , genus Dependoparvovirus . Interest in AAVs has grown over recent years as they have emerged as promising gene therapy vectors. The AAV capsid, encapsulating the transgene, consists, in total, of 60 subunits made up from three distinct viral proteins (VPs) originating from the same cap gene (VP1, VP2, and VP3), which vary only in their N-terminus. While all three VPs play a crucial and specific role in cell-entry and transduction, their exact stoichiometry and organization in AAV capsids has, despite the availability of several high-resolution structures remained elusive. Here we obtained a set of native mass spectra of intact AAV capsids (Mw ≈ 3.8 MDa) that display both highly resolved regions and regions wherein interferences occur. Through spectrum simulation we resolved and elucidated this spectral complexity, allowing us to directly assess the VP stoichiometries in a panel of serotypes from different production platforms. The data reveals an extremely heterogeneous population of capsids of variable composition. The relative abundance for each of the hundreds of co-occurring capsid compositions is accurately described by a model based upon stochastic assembly from a mixed pool of expressed VP1, VP2, and VP3. We show that even the single-most abundant VP stoichiometry represents only a few percent of the total AAV population. We estimate that virtually every AAV capsid in a particular preparation has a unique composition and arrangement, i.e . no particle is identical. The systematic scoring of the stochastic assembly model against experimental high-resolution native MS data offers a sensitive and accurate new method to characterize these exceptionally heterogeneous gene-delivery vectors.
Xander: employing a novel method for efficient gene-targeted metagenomic assembly (2015)

Xander combines gene assignment with the rapid assembly of full-length or near full-length functional genes from metagenomic data without requiring bulk assembly or post-processing to find genes of interest. HMMs used for assembly can be tailored to the targeted genes, allowing flexibility to improve annotation over generic annotation pipelines. This method is implemented as open source software and is available at https://github.com/rdpstaff/Xander_assembler.
Topic Models Conditioned on Arbitrary Features with Dirichlet-multinomial Regression (2012)

Although fully generative models have been successfully used to model the contents of text documents, they are often awkward to apply to combinations of text data and document metadata. In this paper we propose a Dirichlet-multinomial regression (DMR) topic model that includes a log-linear prior on document-topic distributions that is a function of observed features of the document, such as author, publication venue, references, and dates. We show that by selecting appropriate features, DMR topic models can meet or exceed the performance of several previously published topic models designed for specic data.
Diagnosis by real-time polymerase chain reaction of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in bone marrow transplant patients with bloodstream infections (2013)

Real-time PCR could be a valuable complementary tool in the management of BSI in bone marrow transplants patients, allowing identification of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.
Direct Percutaneous Carotid Access for Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting (2015)

This approach has a low rate of neurological and access site complications. Percutaneous direct carotid access could extend the indications for CAS to include difficult anatomies, high-risk patients, and certain emergent situations that warrant easy and rapid access to the CCA.
Wall teichoic acid protects Staphylococcus aureus from inhibition by Congo red and other dyes (2012)

Our studies show that wall teichoic acid confers protection to S. aureus from anionic azo dyes and related compounds, and its inhibition raises the prospect of development of new combination therapies based on this inhibition.
Dose-Response Studies of the Effect of Dietary Butylated Hydroxyanisole on Colon Carcinogenesis Induced by Methylazoxymethanol Acetate in Female CF1 Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref> (1984)

The effect of dietary butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) on methylazoxymethanol acetate [(MAM AC) CAS: 592-62-1; methyl-ONN-azoxy)methanol acetate]-induced intestinal carcinogenesis was studied in female CF1 mice. BHA was added at levels of 0, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6% to the NIH-07 open-formula diet and at 0 and 0.6% to the AIN-76 semipurified diet and fed to mice, starting at 5 weeks of age until termination of the experiment. At 7 weeks of age, all animals except the vehicle-treated controls were given ip injections of MAM AC (15 mg/kg body wt for four times in 11 days for the low-dose group: total dose, 60 mg/kg body; 15 mg/kg body wt for eight times in 22 days for the high-dose group: total dose, 120 mg/kg body wt). With a low dose of carcinogen, the lung tumor incidence was inhibited in mice fed the NIH-07 diet containing 0.03-0.6% BHA and the AIN-76 diet containing 0.6% BHA compared to lung tumor incidence in those fed the diets without BHA; with a high dose of carcinogen, the inhibition was observed in mice fed the NIH-07 diet containing 0.1-0.6% BHA. Colon tumor incidence and colon tumor multiplicity (number of tumors per animal and number of tumors per tumor-bearing animal, respectively) were lower in mice fed the NIH-07 diets with 0.03-0.6% BHA or fed the AIN-76 diet with 0.6% BHA, as well as treated with a low dose of carcinogen, than in animals fed no BHA; with a high dose of carcinogen, colon tumor multiplicity and colon tumor incidence were inhibited in animals fed the NIH-07 diet containing 0.1-0.6% BHA. Consumption of the NIH-07 diets containing 0.03-0.6% BHA resulted in increased glutathione transferase activity of liver and small intestinal and colon mucosae in a dose-related manner.
Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (2008)

Lying on the floor for a long time after falling is more common among the "oldest old" than previously thought and is associated with serious consequences. Factors indicating higher risk and comments from participants suggest practical implications. People need training in strategies to get up from the floor. Work is needed on access and activation issues for design of call alarms and information for their effective use. Care providers need better understanding of the perceptions of older people to provide acceptable support services.
Nanomolar Inhibitors of the Peptidyl Prolyl Cis/Trans Isomerase Pin1 from Combinatorial Peptide Libraries (2006)

The peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 has been implicated in the development of cancer, Alzheimer's disease and asthma, but highly specific and potent Pin1 inhibitors remain to be identified. Here, by screening a combinatorial peptide library, we identified a series of nanomolar peptidic inhibitors. Nonproteinogenic amino acids, incorporated into 5-mer to 8-mer oligopeptides containing a d-phosphothreonine as a central template, yielded selective inhibitors that blocked cell cycle progression in HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner.