gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Second Harmonic and Sum-Frequency Generation from Aqueous Interfaces Is Modulated by Interference (2016)

The interfacial region of aqueous systems also known as the electrical double layer can be characterized on the molecular level with second harmonic and sum-frequency generation (SHG/SFG). SHG and SFG are surface specific methods for isotropic liquids. Here, we model the SHG/SFG intensity in reflection, transmission, and scattering geometry taking into account the spatial variation of all fields. We show that, in the presence of a surface electrostatic field, interference effects, which originate from oriented water molecules on a length scale over which the potential decays, can strongly modify the probing depth as well as the expected intensity at ionic strengths <10–3 M. For reflection experiments this interference phenomenon leads to a significant reduction of the SHG/SFG intensity. Transmission mode experiments from aqueous interfaces are hardly influenced. For SHG/SFG scattering experiments the same interference leads to an increase in intensity and to modified scattering patterns. The predicted scattering patterns are verified experimentally.
Catalytic activity of coal mineral matter. Interim report, January--March 1976. [14 refs] (1976)

A compilation of literature information and previous work at the University of Kentucky on the constituents, element concentrations, characterization, separation of components, and catalytic studies of coal mineral matter is presented in this first quarterly report. Initial project work on separating pyrites from other mineral matter components is also discussed. The objective of this study is to determine the catalytic activity of mineral matter from 8 or 10 U.S. coals using model sulfur and nitrogen compounds. A pulse microreactor connected to a gas chromatograph is the reaction system to be used. Mineral matter will be obtained by low-temperature ashing in an oxygen plasma and will be characterized by surface area, pore volume, x-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of chemical treatment on the mineral matter and the relative importance of the components will also be investigated. Finally, samples from various points in the SRC or SRL pilot plants will also be evaluated as to catalytic activity of the mineral matter.
Member opinion pharmacists in 2023: Seeing the future of pharmacy (2019)

While medicines will remain a cornerstone of healthcare, their current use is far from ideal. Inappropriate selection, low adherence and adverse effects attest to the fact that more needs to be done. The knowledge and skills that we possess as pharmacists give us a unique responsibility in the management of medicines - and patients need us to step up. This imperative creates the potential for us to have more impactful and rewarding roles, but first we need to agree on a strategy to achieve them.
<title>Recursive multiscale error-diffusion technique for digital halftoning</title> (1993)

The technique of mapping a given gray level to some arrangement of dots such that it renders the desired gray level is called halftoning. In this research, we propose a new digital halftoning algorithm to achieve this goal based on an approach called the recursive multiscale error diffusion. Our main assumption is that the resulting intensity from a raster of dots is in proportion to the number of dots on that raster. In analogy, the intensity of the corresponding region of the input image is simply the integral of the (normalized) gray level over the region. The two intensities should be matched as much as possible. It is shown that the area of integration plays an important role to how successful the matching of the two intensities can be, and since the area of integration corresponds to different resolutions (therefore to different viewing distances), we address the problem of matching the intensities, as much as possible for every resolution. Advantages of our method include very good performance, versatility and ease of hardware implementation.
A Computer Protocol to Predict Myocardial Infarction in Emergency Department Patients with Chest Pain (1988)

To achieve more appropriate triage to the coronary care unit of patients presenting with acute chest pain, we used clinical data on 1379 patients at two hospitals to construct a simple computer protocol to predict the presence of myocardial infarction. When we tested this protocol prospectively in 4770 patients at two university hospitals and four community hospitals, the computer-derived protocol had a significantly higher specificity (74 vs. 71 percent) in predicting the absence of infarction than physicians deciding whether to admit patients to the coronary care unit, and it had a similar sensitivity in detecting the presence of infarction (88.0 vs. 87.8 percent). Decisions based solely on the computer protocol would have reduced the admission of patients without infarction to the coronary care unit by 11.5 percent without adversely affecting the admission of patients in whom emergent complications developed that required intensive care. Although this protocol should not be used to override careful clinical judgment in individual cases, the computer protocol for the most part yields accurate estimates of the probability of myocardial infarction. Decisions about admission to the coronary care unit based on the protocol would have been as effective as those actually made by the unaided physicians who cared for the patients, and less costly. Whether physicians who are aided by the protocol perform better than unaided physicians cannot be determined without further study.
A new current-mode incremental signaling scheme with applications to Gb/s parallel links (2006)

A new current-mode incremental signaling scheme for high-speed parallel links is proposed. The signaling scheme requires only N+1 physical paths for N parallel bits. It possesses the intrinsic advantages of current-mode signaling including high data rates, large signal swing, low switching noise injection, and superior signal integrity. The current-integrating front-end offers the key advantages of a low and tunable input impedance for channel termination, large bandwidth, and effective suppression of high-frequency noise coupled to the channels. Simulation results of a 4-bit parallel link implemented in a 0.13 mum, 1.2V CMOS technology demonstrate that the proposed signaling scheme is capable of transmitting parallel data at 10 Gbps
Isolation of a Polysaccharide with Antiviral Effect from Ulva Lactuca (1994)

A polysaccharide from the green marine algae Ulva lactuca has been isolated. The substance has been investigated after acid hydrolysis by thin-layer and gas chromatography. The following carbohydrate components have been found: arabinose-xylose-rhamnose-galactose-mannose-glucose in ratio 1:1:9:5:2.5:16 respectively. One unidentified sugar has been demonstrated too. The polysaccharide has been studied for antiviral activity in vitro against a number of human and avian influenza viruses. A considerable inhibition of the viral reproduction was found. The effect was dose-dependent, strain-specific and selective.
Polyamines and cell migration. (2001)

Leeuwenhoek first described polyamines in 1677, but active investigation did not begin until the 1970's. When intracellular polyamine levels are reduced by inhibitors, mutation, or transfection, severe reductions occur in cell division, cell differentiation, and cell migration. These effects are not difficult to demonstrate and measure, and all can be prevented if supplemental exogenous polyamines are supplied. However, linking the overall effects to molecular events remains to be accomplished. In this review, we discuss work (mostly from the last 10 years) that relates to cell migration. Specifically, we have discussed the biology and biochemistry of the polyamines, their transport and regulation, the structure of the cytoskeleton and the mechanics of cell movement. We have also considered four specific processes that polyamines participate in that may affect cell migration significantly. These are: 1) the regulation of intracellular Ca++ concentration by voltage-gated K+ channels, 2) the maintenance of normal RhoA levels that, with Rac, regulate the assembly of actin stress fibers, focal adhesions, and contractility, 3) the formation of ATP-Mg++-polyamine trimers that enhance the phosphorylation activity of ATP toward enzymes in specific signaling pathways and, 4) alterations in the structure of RNA that change translation initiation sites and affect the expression of proteins.
Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation in Highly Supersaturated Aqueous Solutions of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs: Implications for Solubility Enhancing Formulations (2013)

Highly supersaturated aqueous drug solutions are often generated during drug testing and upon delivery to the patient. The phase behavior of such solutions appears complex and poorly understood, with the formation of colloidal drug aggregates often being reported. In this study, the phase behavior of eight hydrophobic poorly water-soluble drug molecules in highly supersaturated aqueous solutions was examined, and colloid formation was explained in terms of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). A relationship was found between the concentration at which LLPS was observed and the theoretically predicted amorphous “solubility” value, where the latter was predicted based on the thermodynamic properties of the crystalline solid/supercooled liquid and solution activity coefficients. A phase diagram for the ritonavir–water system as a function of temperature was used to demonstrate that LLPS occurs in the metastable region of the phase diagram, and thus LLPS is a precursor to crystallization. Using an amorphous solid dispersion of ritonavir and poly(vinylpyrrolidone), it was shown that there is an upper limit to the extent of supersaturation achievable by a supersaturating dosage form and that this limit is dictated by the LLPS phase transition concentration. The approaches outlined in this study provide an alternative way to assess the properties of supersaturating systems, including the determination of the amorphous solubility.
The impact of tumor progesterone receptor status on optimal adjuvant endocrine therapy for postmenopausal patients with early‐stage breast cancer (2006)

Modeling estimates suggested that the optimal endocrine treatment strategy may differ based on the biologic features of breast cancer tumors. Patients with ER+/PR+ tumors achieved optimal 10-year DFS estimates with tamoxifen followed by a crossover to AI therapy, whereas patients with ER+/PR- tumors fared best when they initiated treatment with AI.
Yield improvement using data mining system (2003)

It is ideal to prevent all failures. However, when a failure occurs, it is important to quickly specify the cause stage and take countermeasures. There are various types of failures, ranging from the failures due to simple mis-operation to the failures whose cause analysis takes many highly skilled engineers a long time. If the failure cause in the latter case can be specified simply by anyone, the yield enhancement will be accelerated. We are developing a method that enables us to specify a failure cause, without depending on the experience and skills of engineers. Data mining is a method for extracting buried information and rules from data of enormous quantity, by using a statistical method. Some examples have been reported in various fields but only a few in the semiconductor field. This time, we have applied a regression tree analysis system, which is one of data mining tool's codeveloped by Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. and FLT, to failure analysis in LSI manufacturing. As a result, a failure cause which has been difficult to be detected even in the in-process monitoring was specified automatically only in six hours. Then, through the verification process, we ascertained that the failure cause was correct. We could specify the cause and take countermeasures at a speed six times faster than by the conventional method.
Conservative replacement of methionine by norleucine in Escherichia coli adenylate kinase. (1988)

Escherichia coli grown in limited methionine and excess norleucine media accumulate cyanogen bromide-resistant species of proteins after the methionine supply is exhausted. Bacteria, transformed by recombinant plasmid pIPD37 carrying the adk gene and grown under limiting methionine and excess norleucine, synthesize 16-20% of adenylate kinase molecules having all 6 methionine residues replaced by norleucine. Species showing only partial replacement of methionine residues by norleucine are identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after cyanogen bromide treatment of pure enzyme. Norleucine-substituted adenylate kinase shows structural and catalytic properties similar to the wild-type protein as indicated by circular dichroism spectroscopy and kinetic experiments but exhibits a much higher resistance to hydrogen peroxide inactivation under denaturing conditions.
Learning an optimal distance metric in a linguistic vector space (2006)

Abstract Much natural language processing still depends on the Euclidean distance function between the two feature vectors, but the Euclidean distance suffers from severe defects as to feature weightings and feature correlations. In this paper we propose an optimal metric distance function that can be used as an alternative to the Euclidean distance, accommodating the two problems at the same time. This metric is optimal in the sense of global quadratic minimization, and can be obtained from the clusters in the training data in a supervised fashion. We have confirmed the effect of the proposed metric by the sentence retrieval, document retrieval, and K‐means clustering of general vectorial data. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(9): 12–21, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.20533
Self-assembled quantum-dot superluminescent light-emitting diodes (2010)

The development of low-cost, compact, high-power and broadband superluminescent light-emitting diodes is an important research subject for a wide range of applications. We describe how self-assembled quantum-dot structures can provide an efficient means of realizing such devices utilizing a number of their unique physical properties. Such quantum dot superluminescent diodes are leading to a revolution in the development of broadband emitters for widespread medical, biological and telecommunications applications.
Lifetime predictions for polymers and composites under constant load (1981)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. M. Christensen; Lifetime predictions for polymers and composites under constant load. Journal of Rheology 1 October 1981; 25 (5): 517–528. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.549630 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Pre-PCR Processing Strategies for Quantitative Detection of Food-Borne Pathogens using Real-Time PCR (2003)

Since the development of real-time PCR, the technology has been widely applied in the field of diagnostics. In comparison with conventional PCR it has opened up the possibility of accurate quantification of microorganisms in clinical, environmental and food samples. When employing real-time PCR and absolute quantification in biological samples, five important requirements should be fulfilled, namely (i) elimination of PCR inhibition, (ii) concentration of target nucleic acids or cells, (iii) conversion of heterogeneous samples into homogeneous PCR samples, (iv) avoidance of false-positive and false-negative results, and (v) enabling quantification. The objective of the work described in this thesis was to develop new pre-PCR processing strategies for quantification of pathogens in food, by altering the real-time PCR mixture and combining this with suitable sample treatment methods. The PCR mixture was modified by using alternative DNA polymerases and amplification facilitators to circumvent DNA inhibition and to obtain a good amplification efficiency. Furthermore, a new salt-insensitive probe system, based on a peptide nucleic acid thiazole orange conjugate, was studied. The resulting improvements in the PCR mixture were combined with a novel form of sample treatment called floatation which, in combination with quantitative (q) PCR, was used for absolute quantification of Yersinia enterocolitica and Campylobacter spp. in various food and clinical samples. Results showed that after floatation the sample matrix and the background flora could be separated from the target pathogen in such a way that PCR inhibition was minimized to levels comparable to that of purified DNA in Millipore water. Applying floatation to meat juice samples containing natural background flora and spiked with different concentrations of Y. enterocolitica, showed that absolute quantification of Y. enterocolitica was possible down to levels of 4.2 „e 103 CFU/ml even if an additional 1 ¡Ñ 106 CFU/ml BGF were added. Furthermore, the design of the floatation set-up ensured that false-positive results from free target DNA or dead cells were greatly reduced.
Review of nursing in traditional Chinese medicine (2010)

Nursing is an important component in the clinic of traditional Chinese medicine,therefore having been emphasized broadly and continuously by generations of doctors.However,because of the combination of the treatment and nursing in traditional Chinese medicine,nursing hash't formed its own system until now.Literatures on the knowledge of nursing in traditional Chinese medicine are also sporadically recorded.The author focused on the development of nursing in traditional Chinese medicine to demonstrate that nursing in China has a long-term history with plenty of contents and various techniques.

Key words: 
Nursing; Nursing in traditional Chinese medicine
Biosynthesis of viomycin. II. Origin of β-lysine and viomycidine (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of viomycin. II. Origin of β-lysine and viomycidineJames H. Carter, Rene H. Du Bus, John R. Dyer, Joseph C. Floyd, Kenner C. Rice, and Paul D. ShawCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 6, 1227–1233Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00703a027https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00703a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Anticancer Agents-A Review (2011)

Cinnamic acid and its phenolic analogues are natural substances. Chemically, in cinnamic acids the 3-phenyl acrylic acid functionality offers three main reactive sites; substitution at the phenyl ring, addition at the α,β- unsaturation and the reactions of the carboxylic acid functionality. Owing to these chemical aspects cinnamic acid derivatives received much attention in medicinal research as traditional as well as recent synthetic antitumor agents. We observed that in spite of their rich medicinal tradition, cinnamic acid derivatives and their anticancer potentials remained underutilized for several decades since the first published clinical use in 1905. In last two decades, there has been huge attention towards various cinnamoyl derivatives and their antitumor efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive and unprecedented literature compilation concerning the synthesis and biological evaluation of various cinnamoyl acids, esters, amides, hydrazides and related derivatives in anticancer research. We envisage that our effort in this review contributes a much needed and timely addition to the literature of medicinal research.
A Revised New Proposal For Standardization of Home Bus System for Home Automation (1986)

We first proposed in 1983 a plan for standardization of information distribution networks in a house called Home Bus System (HBS) to realize effective Home Automation (HA) in the world. In this paper we propose a revised new plan called HBS Version 1.2. This plan has been formulated after a number of experiments for various applications have been conducted for four years toward HA and two model houses are already in use for these experiments.
Model-independent and model-dependent analysis of the global and internal dynamics of cyclosporin A (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModel-independent and model-dependent analysis of the global and internal dynamics of cyclosporin AMartin J. Dellwo and A. Joshua WandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 13, 4571–4578Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00195a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00195a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views305Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of Cardiac Right-to-Left Shunts by Contrast-Enhanced Harmonic Carotid Duplex Sonography (2005)

The results of this study indicate that contrast-enhanced ultrasound harmonic imaging of the CCA using a Valsalva strain might be an optional screening tool for detection of cardiac RLS in patients with insufficient acoustic bone windows.
Carbene Generation by α‐Elimination with Lithium 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidide: 1‐Ethoxy‐2‐ <i>p</i> ‐Tolylcyclopropane (2003)

Abstract Carbene generation by α‐elimination with lithium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide: 1‐ethoxy‐2‐ p ‐tolylcyclopropane reactant: 7.06 g. (0.0501 mole) of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine product: 1‐ethoxy‐2‐ p ‐tolylcyclopropane product: 1‐methoxy‐2‐phenylcyclopropane