gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailoring the soft magnetic properties of sputtered multilayers by microstructure engineering for high frequency applications (2017)

Soft magnetic Ni78.5Fe21.5, Co91.5Ta4.5Zr4 and Fe52Co28B20 thin films laminated with SiO2, Al2O3, AlN, and Ta2O5 dielectric interlayers were deposited on 8” Si wafers using DC, pulsed DC and RF cathodes in the industrial, high-throughput Evatec LLS-EVO-II magnetron sputtering system. A typical multilayer consists of a bilayer stack up to 50 periods, with alternating (50-100) nm thick magnetic layers and (2-20) nm thick dielectric interlayers. We introduced the in-plane magnetic anisotropy in these films during sputtering by a combination of a linear magnetic field, seed layer texturing by means of linear collimators, and the oblique incidence inherent to the geometry of the sputter system. Depending on the magnetic material, the anisotropy field for these films was tuned in the range of ∼(7-120) Oe by choosing the appropriate interlayer thickness, the aspect ratios of the linear collimators in front of the targets, and the sputter process parameters (e.g. pressure, power, DC pulse frequency), while the coercivity was kept low, ∼(0.05-0.9) Oe. The alignment of the easy axis (EA) on the 8” wafers was typically between ±1.5° and ±4°. We discuss the interdependence of structure and magnetic properties in these films, as revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray reflectivity (XRR) with reciprocal space mapping (RSM) and magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements.
Electrophysiological studies of fetal mouse olfactory bulb explants during development of synaptic functions in culture (1976)

Explants of 18- or 19-day fetal mouse olfactory bulb have been maintained in culture for periods up to 5 weeks. Compound action potentials can be evoked in the bulb explants by 1 day in vitro, and by 3-4 days, synaptically mediated slow wave discharges can be domonstrated in bicuculline (10(-5) m). The capability of the bulb explants to generate these slow-wave discharges has also been revealed by the introduction of picrotoxin (10(-5)m, d-tubocurarine (10(-4)m) and chloride-free medium, but not of strychnine (up to 3 X 10(-5)M. The data indicate early functional development of inhibitory, as well as excitatory, synaptic systems. In addition, the selective and reversible depression of these slow wave potentials by GABA (1-5 X 10(-4)M), but not by glycine (up to 3 X 10(-3)M), indicates a GABA-ergic component in the inhibitory network. Single unit extracellular recordings have been obtained from the presumptive mitral cells which, in culture, are spontaneously active even as early as 1-2 days after explantation. Correlative Bodian silver-impregnations demonstrate the presence of neurons in these explants which resemble typical mitral cells. Studies of mitral cells using paired stimuli suggest the development in vitro of an inhibitory system analogous to that known to suppress the excitability of their in situ counterparts following orthodromic or antidromic activation. These data, as well as the pharmacological sensitivities of the mitral cells in culture to GABA (5 X 10(-4)M) and bicuculline (10(-5)M), indicate that granule-to-mitral synapses may develop characteristic functions in olfactory bulb explants.
Quasiperiodicity and chaos in cardiac fibrillation. (1997)

In cardiac fibrillation, disorganized waves of electrical activity meander through the heart, and coherent contractile function is lost. We studied fibrillation in three stationary forms: in human chronic atrial fibrillation, in a stabilized form of canine ventricular fibrillation, and in fibrillation-like activity in thin sheets of canine and human ventricular tissue in vitro. We also created a computer model of fibrillation. In all four studies, evidence indicated that fibrillation arose through a quasiperiodic stage of period and amplitude modulation, thus exemplifying the "quasiperiodic transition to chaos" first suggested by Ruelle and Takens. This suggests that fibrillation is a form of spatio-temporal chaos, a finding that implies new therapeutic approaches.
Dose optimization with first‐order total‐variation minimization for dense angularly sampled and sparse intensity modulated radiation therapy (DASSIM‐RT) (2012)

The new optimization algorithm TFOCS provides a practical and timely solution to the DASSIM-RT or other inverse planning problem requiring large memory space. The new treatment scheme is shown to outperform conventional IMRT in terms of dose conformity to both the targetand the critical structures, while maintaining high delivery efficiency.
Bausteine von Oligosacchariden, XII: Synthese der Trisaccharidkette der Determinante der Blutgruppensubstanz A, Typ 1 (1978)

Abstract Die Trisaccharidkette der Determinante der Blutgruppensubstanz A, Typ 1, α‐ D ‐GalNAc‐(1→3)‐β‐ D ‐Gal‐(1→3)‐ D ‐GlcNAc ( 14 ) wurde synthetisiert. Das selektiv blockierte Disaccharid 9 mit unsubstituierter 3′‐OH‐Gruppe, das über den Orthoester 11 zugänglich ist, wurde mit 6‐ O ‐Acetyl‐2‐azido‐3,4‐di‐ O ‐benzyl‐2‐desoxy‐β‐ D ‐galactopyranosylchlorid ( 12 ) zum α‐glycosidisch verknüpften Trisaccharid 13 gekuppelt. Die Entblockierung von 13 liefert 14 .
Development of a Cellular Assay System To Study the Genome Replication of High- and Low-Risk Mucosal and Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses (2011)

We found that recircularized high-risk (type 16 and 18) and low-risk mucosal (type 6b and 11) and cutaneous (type 5 and 8) human papillomavirus (HPV) genomes replicate readily when delivered into U2OS cells by electroporation. The replication efficiency is dependent on the amount of input HPV DNA and can be followed for more than 3 weeks in proliferating cell culture without selection. Cotransfection of recircularized HPV genomes with a linear G418 resistance marker plasmid has allowed subcloning of cell lines, which, in a majority of cases, carry multicopy episomal HPV DNA. Analysis of the HPV DNA status in these established cell lines showed that HPV genomes exist in these cells as stable extrachromosomal oligomers. When the cell lines were cultivated as confluent cultures, a 3- to 10-fold amplification of the HPV genomes per cell was induced. Two-dimensional (2D) agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed amplification of mono- and oligomeric HPV genomes in these confluent cell cultures. Amplification occurred as a result of the initiation of semiconservative two-dimensional replication from one active origin in the HPV oligomer. Our data suggest that the system described here might be a valuable, cost-effective, and efficient tool for use in HPV DNA replication studies, as well as for the design of cell-based assays to identify potential inhibitors of all stages of HPV genome replication.
Depletion of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by antisense RNA expression: influences on genomic stability, chromatin organization, and carcinogen cytotoxicity. (1994)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PADPRP) catalyzes the transfer of multiple ADP-ribose units from NAD to nuclear histone and nonhistone proteins, a reaction that appears to be important in the rejoining of DNA strand breaks during DNA repair and replication. We previously established and characterized a HeLa cell line that was stably transfected with a recombinant expression plasmid containing the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter upstream of a construct encoding PADPRP antisense RNA. We now show that after depletion of PADPRP mRNA as a result of antisense RNA expression, normal PADPRP mRNA concentrations are restored between 8 and 16 h after removal of dexamethasone (which activates the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter). By depleting antisense cells of PADPRP, we demonstrated the contribution of this enzyme to various aspects of nuclear structure and function: (a) amplification of a selectable gene encoding three early enzymes in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway was greatly increased in cells depleted of PADPRP; (b) chromatin structure was significantly altered in PADPRP-depleted cells, as indicated by reduced initiation and elongation of poly(ADP-ribose) chains attached to various nuclear protein acceptors, lower levels of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of histone H1, and an increased susceptibility of DNA to micrococcal nuclease digestion; and (c) the survival of PADPRP-depleted antisense cells exposed to the DNA alkylating and carcinogenic agent methyl methanesulfonate or nitrogen mustard was significantly reduced relative to that of control cells.
Evidence for upregulation of Bim and the splicing factor SRp55 in melanoma cells from patients treated with selective BRAF inhibitors (2012)

Relatively little attention has been paid to the activity of selective BRAF inhibitors in the induction of apoptosis in melanoma, particularly in vivo. In the present study, we have isolated cultures from biopsies taken from four patients before and during the treatment of their melanoma. We report that the cell lines taken during treatment show varying degrees of upregulation of the proapoptotic BH3 protein Bim and its splice forms, downregulation of Mcl-1, and upregulation of the splicing factor SRp55 as reported in previous in-vitro studies. There was also evidence of ongoing apoptotic signaling despite the continued growth of the cultures. The cultures established during the treatment were largely resistant to the selective BRAF inhibitor PLX4720, consistent with the acquired resistance of melanoma in the treated patients. These results provide further insights into the mechanism of action of these agents against melanoma.
Efficacy of oral naltrexone on pruritus in atopic eczema: a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study (2009)

Naltrexone is more effective than placebo in the treatment of pruritus in patient with eczema. Naltrexone might be considered as an adjunct treatment in the treatment of pruritus. However, further studies in this aspect are highly fostered.
Studies on the motility of the foraminifera. I. Ultrastructure of the reticulopodial network of Allogromia laticollaris (Arnold). (1981)

Allogromia laticollaris, a benthic marine foraminifer, extends numerous trunk filopodia that repeatedly branch, anastomose, and fuse again to form the reticulopodial network (RPN), within which an incessant streaming of cytoplasmic particles occurs. The motion of the particles is saltatory and bidirectional, even in the thinnest filopodia detected by optical microscopy. Fibrils are visible by differential interference microscopy, and the PRN displays positive birefringence in polarized light. These fibrils remain intact after lysis and extraction of the RPN in solutions that stabilize microtubules (MTs). Electron micrographs of thin sections through these lysed and stabilized cytoskeletal models reveal bundles of MTs. The RPNs of living Allogromia may be preserved by standard EM fixatives only after acclimatization to calcium-free seawater, in which the streaming is normal. The MTs in the RPN are typically arranged in bundles that generally lie parallel to the long axis of the trunk and branch filopodia. Stereo electron micrographs of whole-mount, fixed, and critical-point-dried organisms show that the complex pattern of MT deployment reflects the pattern of particle motion in both flattened and highly branched portions of the RPN. Cytoplasmic particles, some of which have a fuzzy coat, are closely associated with, and preferentially oriented along, either single MTs or MT bundles. Thin filaments (approximately 5 nm) are also observed within the network, lying parallel to and interdigitating with the MTs, and in flattened terminal areas of the filopodia. These filaments do not bind skeletal muscle myosin S1 under conditions that heavily decorate actin filaments in controls (human blood platelets), and are approximately 20% too thin to be identified ultrastructurally as F-actin.
Fractionation of Glycomacropeptide from Whey Using Positively Charged Ultrafiltration Membranes (2018)

Fractionation of the bovine glycomacropeptide (GMP) from the other proteins in cheese whey was examined using ultrafiltration membranes surface modified to contain positively charged polymer brushes made of polyhexamethylene biguanide. By placing a strong positive charge on a 1000 kDa ultrafiltration membrane and adjusting the pH of whey close to the isoelectric point of GMP, a 14-fold increase in selectivity was observed compared to unmodified membranes. A one stage membrane system gave 90% pure GMP and a three-stage rectification system gave 97% pure GMP. The charged membrane was salt-tolerant up to 40 mS cm<sup>-1</sup> conductivity, allowing fractionation of GMP directly from cheese whey without first lowering the whey conductivity by water dilution. Thus, similarly sized proteins that differed somewhat in isoelectric points and were 50⁻100 fold smaller than the membrane molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), were cleanly fractionated using charged ultrafiltration membranes without water addition. This is the first study to report on the use of salt-tolerant charged ultrafiltration membranes to produce chromatographically pure protein fractions from whey, making ultrafiltration an attractive alternative to chromatography for dairy protein fractionation.
Effect of IL-7 Therapy on Naive and Memory T Cell Homeostasis in Aged Rhesus Macaques (2015)

Aging is associated with gradual deterioration of adaptive immune function, a hallmark of which is the profound loss of naive T cells (TN) associated with decline in thymic output and export of new cells into the peripheral T cell pool. Because the lymphotropic cytokine IL-7 plays crucial roles in both development of TN in the thymus and TN homeostasis in the periphery, we sought to determine the extent to which therapeutic administration of IL-7 could reverse TN deficiency in aging rhesus macaques (RM), either by enhancement of the demonstrably reduced thymopoiesis or by peripheral TN expansion. Our results indicate that treatment of both adult (8-15 y) and old (>20 y) RM with recombinant simian IL-7 (rsIL-7) results in only transient increases in peripheral CD4(+) and CD8(+) TN numbers with no long-term benefit, even with repeated therapy. This transient effect was due to peripheral TN expansion and not enhanced thymic function, and appeared to be limited by induction of IL-7 nonresponsiveness. However, rsIL-7 therapy had a more promising effect on the central memory T cell (TCM) population (both CD4(+) and CD8(+)) in adult and old RM, doubling the numbers of these cells in circulation and maintaining this larger population long term. IL-7 therapy did not reduce TCR diversity of the memory T cell compartment, suggesting that rsIL-7-induced expansion was symmetrical. Thus, although rsIL-7 failed to counter age-associated TN loss, the ability of this therapy to expand clonotypically diverse CD4(+) and CD8(+) TCM populations might potentially improve adaptive immune responsiveness in the elderly.
Non-linear compression: Gzip Me Not! (2012)

Most compression algorithms used in storage systems today are based on an increasingly outmoded sequential processing model. Systems wishing to decompress blocks out-of-order or in parallel must reset the compressor's state before each block, reducing adaptiveness and limiting compression ratios. To remedy this situation, we present Non-Linear Compression, a novel compression model enabling systems to impose an arbitrary partial order on inter-block dependencies. Mutually unordered blocks may be compressed and decompressed out-of-order or in parallel, and a compressor can adaptively compress each block based on all causally prior blocks. This graph structure captures the system's data dependencies explicitly and completely, enabling the compressor to adapt using long-lived state without the constraint of sequential processing. Preliminary experiences with a simple Huffman compressor suggest that non-linear compression fits a diverse set of storage applications.
Search algorithm that merges candidates in meaning level for very large vocabulary spontaneous speech recognition (2002)

The paper describes an efficient search algorithm for spontaneous speech recognition. This algorithm merges candidates that have the same meaning in beam search. To do this effectively, the authors change their phoneme-synchronous search algorithm into a quasi-frame-synchronous one. The algorithm is evaluated using a telephone directory assistance task containing more than 70000 subscriber names. The average sentence understanding rate for eight speakers is improved from 58% to 65% by merging candidates at the meaning level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
T-CELL ALTERATIONS IN CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS AFTER B7 (CD80 AND CD86) BLOCKADE1 (1998)

Anti-CD80 and/or anti-CD86 mAbs are potent immunosuppressants in prolonging allograft survival. Combined blockade of the B7 (CD80 and CD86) ligands seems to be the most effective in prolonging allograft survival and suppressing donor-specific allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. In vivo blockade of CD86, in comparison to CD80, had the greatest immunosuppressive effect on day 7 intragraft cytokines, suggesting its role on early allogeneic immune responses.
Review About Ginkgo Biloba Special Extract EGb 761 (Ginkgo) (2004)

Ginkgo biloba extracts (EGb) are well-defined plant extracts. It has several indications as dementia, macula degeneration, tinnitus and winter depression. A review of the current and past literature about older people with Alzheimer's dementia or vascular dementia or age-associated memory impairment treated with Ginkgo biloba extract, reveals that EGb has reproducible effects on cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease. The drug is well tolerated.
Fiber optic magnetic field sensor based on the TbDyFe rod (2014)

We present, and experimentally demonstrate, a fiber optic magnetic field sensor for the measurement of a weak alternating magnetic field, based on a TbDyFe rod. The fiber optic magnetic field sensor is constructed in a Michelson interferometer configuration, and the phase-generated carrier demodulation is used to obtain the time-varying phase shift induced by the applied magnetic field. A high sensitivity of up to 3.6 × 10–2 V μT − 1 (rms) with a resolution of 23 pT/√Hz (rms) at 50 Hz is achieved. Experimental results show that the sensor exhibits excellent linearity and reversibility.
Examination of injection moulded thermoplastic maize starch (2007)

This paper focuses on the effect of the different injection moulding parameters and storing methods on injection moulded thermoplastic maize starch (TPS). The glycerol and water plasticized starch was processed in a twin screw extruder and then with an injection moulding machine to produce TPS dumbbell specimens. Different injection moulding set-ups and storing conditions were used to analyse the effects on the properties of thermoplastic starch. Investigated parameters were injection moulding pressure, holding pressure, and for the storage: storage at 50% relative humidity, and under ambient conditions. After processing the mechanical and shrinkage properties of the manufactured TPS were determined as a function of the ageing time. While conditioning, the characteristics of the TPS changed from a soft material to a rigid material. Although this main behaviour remained, the different injection moulding parameters changed the characteristics of TPS. Scanning electron microscope observations revealed the changes in the material on ageing.
Synthesis of New Flavones of Bauhinia championii in Formosa (1983)

New flavones, 5, 6, 7, 3', 4', 5'-hexamethoxy, 3', 4'-methylenedioxy-5, 6, 7, 5'-tetramethoxy, and 3', 4'-methylenedioxy-5, 7, 5'-trimethoxyflavone isolated from Bauhinia championii, were synthesized to confirm their structures. These synthesized flavones were identified with the natural fiavones by the physical and spectral data. A new preparation of 3, 4-methylenedioxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde was also discussed.
DISTINCTIVE COORDINATION CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE OF COMPLEXES WITH MACROCYCLIC OXO POLYAMINES (1986)

Abstract Replacement of amine with amide groups in macrocyclic polyamines yields a novel series of oxo polyamine ligands which are the hybrids of macrocyclic polyamines and linear oligopeptides. Due to the involvement of imide anions in coordination, their ligand fields are stronger compared to those of macrocyclic counterparts. One consequence is stabilization of unusual oxidation states CuIII and NiIII.
Effects of Amiodarone-Induced Phospholipidosis on Pulmonary Host Defense Functions in Rats (1996)

The effect of the induction of pulmonary phospholipidosis by amiodarone on selected pulmonary host defense functions was studied in male Fischer-344 rats. One week of daily amiodarone treatment resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in total phospholipid in alveolar macrophages recovered from the lungs by bronchoalveolar lavage. The presence of the phospholipidosis had no effect on the phagocytosis of heat-killed yeast cells, the induction of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, or the spontaneous release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), or spontaneous and LPS-stimulated release of IL-1 by alveolar macrophages in vitro. In contrast, the LPS-stimulated release of IL-6 and TNF-alpha by phospholipidotic alveolar macrophages was enhanced compared with control cells. The pulmonary clearance of Listeria monocytogenes following intratracheal administration of the bacteria was not affected by the phospholipidotic condition. It appears that, in the context of the functions studied, the induction of pulmonary phospholipidosis by amiodarone does not impair pulmonary host defense processes in rats, and may actually be associated with the augmentation of some activities.
Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Electronic-Topological and Neural Network Approaches to the Structure-Activity Relationships Study (2005)

The Electronic-Topological (ETM) and Neural Network methods were applied to the study of the "structure-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor activity" relationships for a series of physostigmine and N-benzylpiperidine derivatives. Molecular fragments specific for active compounds and breaks of activity were calculated for human AChE by applying the ETM and Neural Network methods. Requirements necessary for a compound to be active were formulated; they are the result of detailed analysis of all compounds under study. A comparative study of the activity features found for human AChE was performed.
Feasibility of noncontact piezoelectric detection of photoacoustic signals in tissue-mimicking phantoms (2010)

The feasibility of air-coupled ultrasound transducers to detect laser-induced ultrasound from artificial blood vessels embedded in an optically scattering phantom is demonstrated. These air-coupled transducers allow new applications in biomedical photoacoustic imaging where contact with tissue is not preferred. One promising application of such transducers is the addition of photoacoustic imaging to the regular x-ray mammographic screening procedure.