gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Carbonyl Containing Terminal Chains on Mesomorphic Properties in 4,4′-Disubstituted Phenylbenzoates and Phenylthiobenzoates. 5. Phenylbenzoates Containing a (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub>0<sub>2</sub>CR′ Group (n=1,2) on the Phenolic End (1991)

A few homologs of the esters 2 (R′=C8H17, n=1 or 2) and 4 (R′=C7H15) 1 Y=(CH2)nCO2R′, n=0-2 2 Y=(CH2)nOCOR′, n=0-2 3 Y=O(CH2)nCO2R′, n=l,2 4 Y=O(CH2)nOCOR′, n=2 were synthesized and their mesomorphic properties determined using hot-stage polarizing microscopy. No mesophases were observed for series 2 (n=1) or 4. This was also true for the previously reported series 1 (n=1) and 3. Transition temperatures for series 2 with n=2 were lower than when n=1 but higher than for the reverse ester series 1 with n=2. In both series 1 and 2 with n=2, only short range monotropic phases were observed. Like its parent series 2 (n=0), the n=2 esters showed various combinations of nematic and smectics A, B and C, whereas the reverse esters 1 (n=2) have only nematic and smectic A phases. The phenols required for synthesizing the esters 2 (n=2) and 4 were prepared from the analogous protected phenolic alcohols. No suitable protecting group which could be selectively removed from the phenol could be found for synthesizing the precursor alcohol for series 2 when n=1. Instead these esters were prepared by esterification of the appropriately 4-substituted benzoic acid with 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde, reduction to the alcohol and esterification. NMR spectra were used to confirm the structures of all intermediates and esters. Key Words: liquid crystalsphenylbenzoates4-substituted phenolsNMR
Structure and mechanism of mammalian thioredoxin reductase: The active site is a redox-active selenolthiol/selenenylsulfide formed from the conserved cysteine-selenocysteine sequence (2000)

Mammalian thioredoxin reductases (TrxR) are homodimers, homologous to glutathione reductase (GR), with an essential selenocysteine (SeCys) residue in an extension containing the conserved C-terminal sequence -Gly-Cys-SeCys-Gly. In the oxidized enzyme, we demonstrated two nonflavin redox centers by chemical modification and peptide sequencing: one was a disulfide within the sequence -Cys(59)-Val-Asn-Val-Gly-Cys(64), identical to the active site of GR; the other was a selenenylsulfide formed from Cys(497)-SeCys(498) and confirmed by mass spectrometry. In the NADPH reduced enzyme, these centers were present as a dithiol and a selenolthiol, respectively. Based on the structure of GR, we propose that in TrxR, the C-terminal Cys(497)-SeCys(498) residues of one monomer are adjacent to the Cys(59) and Cys(64) residues of the second monomer. The reductive half-reaction of TrxR is similar to that of GR followed by exchange from the nascent Cys(59) and Cys(64) dithiol to the selenenylsulfide of the other subunit to generate the active-site selenolthiol. Characterization of recombinant mutant rat TrxR with SeCys(498) replaced by Cys having a 100-fold lower k(cat) for Trx reduction revealed the C-terminal redox center was present as a dithiol when the Cys(59)-Cys(64) was a disulfide, demonstrating that the selenium atom with its larger radius is critical for formation of the unique selenenylsulfide. Spectroscopic redox titrations with dithionite or NADPH were consistent with the structure model. Mechanisms of TrxR in reduction of Trx and hydroperoxides have been postulated and are compatible with known enzyme activities and the effects of inhibitors, like goldthioglucose and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene.
Determining The Optimal Values Of Exponential Smoothing Constants Does Solver Really Work? (2013)

A key issue in exponential smoothing is the choice of the values of the smoothing constants used.One approach that is becoming increasingly popular in introductory management science and operations management textbooks is the use of Solver, an Excel-based non-linear optimizer, to identify values of the smoothing constants that minimize a measure of forecast error like Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) or Mean Squared Error (MSE).We point out some difficulties with this approach and suggest an easy fix. We examine the impact of initial forecasts on the smoothing constants and the idea of optimizing the initial forecast along with the smoothing constants.We make recommendations on the use of Solver in the context of the teaching of forecasting and suggest that there is a better method than Solver to identify the appropriate smoothing constants.
Cloning and chromosomal localization of the human cytoskeletal alpha-actinin gene reveals linkage to the beta-spectrin gene. (1990)

We report the cloning and characterization of a full-length cDNA encoding the human cytoskeletal isoform of alpha-actinin (alpha A), a ubiquitous actin-binding protein that shares structural homology with spectrin and dystrophin. The gene encodes 891 amino acids with 96%-98% sequence identity at the amino acid level to chicken nonskeletal muscle alpha A. Transient expression in COS cells produces a protein of approximately 104 kD that comigrates on SDS-PAGE with native alpha A. This alpha A gene is localized to chromosome 14q22-q24 by somatic cell hybrid and in situ hybridization analyses. Pulsed-field gel analysis of human genomic DNA revealed identically sized fragments when cDNA probes for alpha A and erythroid beta-spectrin were used; the latter gene has been previously localized to chromosome 14, band q22. These observations indicate that the genes for cytoskeletal alpha A and beta-spectrin are, in all likelihood, closely physically linked and that, in accordance with their similar structural features, they arose by partial duplication of an ancestral gene.
THE EFFECTS OF PORPHYRIN STRUCTURE AND AGGREGATION STATE ON PHOTOSENSITIZED PROCESSES IN AQUEOUS AND MICELLAR MEDIA (1986)

Abstract The efficiency of several porphyrins at 10 μ M and 83 μ M as sensitizers of the photooxidation of 0.1 m M tryptophan and histidine via a singlet oxygen‐mechanism was studied in pH 7.4‐buffered aqueous solutions and in aqueous dispersions of Triton X‐100 micelles. The porphyrins were either solubilized in the bulk aqueous medium or associated with the micellar phase, whereas the amino acids were always located in the aqueous phase. With those porphyrins, such as uroporphyrin I, meso‐tetra (4‐sulfonatophenyl)porphine, meso‐tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphine and meso‐tetra )N,N,N‐trimethylanilinium)porphine, which are > 98% monomeric in both media, the efficiency of histidine photooxidation was independent of the site of O 2 ( 1 Δ g ) generation, as shown by the closely similar values for the photooxidation rate constant and oxygen‐consumption quantum yield in the presence and absence of Triton micelles; the same indications were provided by photokinetic experiments with tryptophan. Actually, laser flash photolysis studies showed that the micelle‐incorporation of the above mentioned porphyrins brought about only minor changes in their photophysical properties, including the relative yield of O 2 ( 1 Δ g ) generation. On the other hand, hematoporphyrin IX, its Zn 2+ ‐complex, and coproporphyrin III are largely aggregated in homogeneous aqueous solution; their incorporation into Triton micelles caused an increase of the triplet quantum yield and an enhancement of the oxygen‐consumption quantum yield and photooxidation rate constant for both histidine and tryptophan. The lower photosensitizing efficiency of aggregated porphyrin species in comparison with the corresponding monomeric porphyrin was confirmed by measuring the initial rate and quantum yield of oxygen consumption upon irradiation of 1 m M histidine and tryptophan in the presence of different hematoporphyrin concentrations within the 0.3‐100μ M range.
Fluxon propagation in long Josephson junctions with external magnetic field (1981)

The reflection of a single fluxon propagating in a Josephson line cavity influenced by an external magnetic field is examined numerically. We find a single reflected fluxon, an antifluxon, collapse of the incident fluxon, fission into a higher number of antifluxons or fluxons, and formation of breather-like waves depending on the velocity of the incident fluxon and the magnitude of the external magnetic field. Approximations based on energy analysis describing the border lines between regions of different processes are presented.
Separation of Functional Domains for the<i>α</i>-1,4 and<i>α</i>-1,6 Hydrolytic Activities of a<i>Bacillus</i>Amylopullulanase by Limited Proteolysis with Papain (1996)

An amylopullulanase (APase) from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. KSM-1378 hydrolyzes both alpha-1,6 linkages in pullulan and alpha-1,4 linkages in other polysaccharides, each maximally active at an alkaline pH, to generate oligosaccharides. We analyzed proteolytic fragments that were produced by exposing pure APase to various proteases, to identify its catalytic domain(s). The intact, pure 210-kDa APase was partially digested with papain for a short time, yielding simultaneously two smaller non-overlapping active fragments, designated amylose-hydrolyzing fragment (AHF114, 114 kDa) and pullulan-hydrolyzing fragment (PHF102, 102 kda). The two truncated protein fragments, each containing a single catalytic domain, were purified to homogeneity. The purified AHF114 and PHF102 had similar enzymatic properties to the amylase and pullulanase activities, respectively, of intact APase. The partial amino-terminal sequences of APase and AHF114 were both Glu-Thr-Gly-Asp-Lys-Arg-Ile-Glu-Phe-Ser-Tyr-Glu-Arg-Pro and that of PHF102 was Thr-Val-Pro-Leu-Ala-Leu-Val-Ser-Gly-Glu-Val-Leu-Ser-Asp-Lsy-Leu. These results were direct evidence that the alpha-1,6 and alpha-1,4 hydrolytic activities were associated with two different active sites in this novel enzyme. Our alkaline APase is obviously a "biheaded enzyme".
Subclinical Cushing's syndrome in adrenal incidentaloma (1998)

This study provides a clear demonstration of the current opinion that some patients with incidentally discovered adrenal adenomas may be exposed to a subtle, silent hypercortisolism. In some patients, in whom the clustering of more abnormalities in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis occurs, subclinical Cushing's syndrome could be assumed. This term should be preferred to that of pre-clinical Cushing's syndrome since the biochemical abnormalities do not become clinically manifest, at least in the short term.
Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) Ionomers with Different Acidity Strengths and Fuel Cell Membrane Properties (2013)

Poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PSU) ionomers functionalized with different sulfonic acid groups were synthesized and their fuel cell membrane properties were investigated. Under low relative humidity, PSU ionomers with strong acidity and comparable ionic exchange capacity exhibited significantly higher conductivity than those with lower acidity.
Sensors and sensibility (2004)

Costs, convenience, and security all converge on this: a world with more sensors, bigger databases, and much less privacy. As new technologies and uses of data are being added seemingly every day, the potential for greater abuse is growing. Meanwhile, legal protections are lagging far behind.
Augmentation of cisplatin (DDP) cytotoxicity in vivo by DL-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) in DDP-sensitive and-resistant rat ovarian tumors and its relation to DNA interstrand cross links. (1992)

DDP treatment (1.2 mg/kg x 5) prolonged the mean survival time (MST) of rats bearing an experimental ovarian tumor (0-342) from 16.4 to 51.1 days, with one of ten rats surviving more than 90 days. Administration of D,L - buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) (24 and 2 h prior to DDP, respectively) before the last two doses of DDP had no significant effect on DDP therapeutic activity, while daily combination of DDP with BSO (BSO 2 h prior to DDP) throughout the treatment significantly increased MST to 69 days (p less than 0.05, vs. DDP alone), with three of ten rats surviving more than 90 days. In the DDP resistant counterpart (0-342/DDP), on the other hand, DDP alone showed only a slight increase of MST (11.6 days in DDP group vs. 10.7 days in control group), addition of BSO to DDP treatment further prolonged MST to 13.3 days (p less than 0.01 vs. DDP alone). The formation of DNA interstrand cross links (DNA-ISCL) was found to be higher in 0-342 than in 0-342/DDP cells in vitro with a maximum at 24 h following 1 h exposure to DDP. BSO depleted the intracellular GSH level in a dose - and time - dependent manner in the two cell lines. Pretreatment with BSO resulted in a 7.4% increase in DNA-ISCL by DDP in 0-342 cells but a 39% increase in 0-342/DDP cells, which may partially account for chemosensitization of BSO to DDP in vivo. Our result that the chemosensitizing effect of BSO, through depletion of cellular GSH, is more significant in the DDP sensitive O-342 tumor than in its DDP resistant subline in vivo underlines that BSO should be used as a chemosensitizer in combination with DDP at the beginning of chemotherapy for clinical trial.
Methacrylate resists and antireflective coatings for 193-nm lithography (1999)

Methacrylates were the first class of resist to be examined for use in 193nm lithography. They are still useful today, but have a very different molecular structure because of the requirements for development in 0.262N tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide and high etching resistance. A major driving force for their continued use is the availability of a wide variety of methacrylate monomers and the use of free racial polymerization which imparts a wide range of properties to the polymers and makes them very cost effective.
Inkjet printed colloidal photonic crystal microdot with fast response induced by hydrophobic transition of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (2012)

This paper presents rapid response colloidal photonic crystal (PC) microdots fabricated by inkjet printing, which demonstrate a fastest response of ca. 1.2 s to water vapor. This remarkable improvement of response rate could be attributed to the combined effects of the intrinsic small size of the inkjet microdots and the hydrophobic transition of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The reversible phase transition of PNIPAm modifies the hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance of the polymer interface, which leads to the modulation of wetting states/adhesion properties of adsorbed water on the polymer segments, resulting in the remarkable improvement of response rate. Moreover, the optimal response performance (including signal strength and response sensitivity) of the printed PC microdot is achieved by the coordination of a well-ordered latex assembly and full infiltration of the responsive polymer in the latex interstices. This simple fabrication of functional colloidal PC microdots opens new avenues for the construction of advanced microanalysis and microsensing devices. In addition, improving the response rate by the phase transition of the polymer segments is promising for the creation of high-performance sensors.
DC Switching Power Supply Design Based on High-performance MCU (2008)

Based on the design of a number of high-performance MCU control of the power of DC switching power supply.First introduced the power of principle and the overall design scheme,introduced the Second Circuit key part of the hardware design,software methods used to achieve power direct current power of digital control,given the main program and some key part of the process flow chart.The continuous power supply with adjustable output voltage,high precision,simple circuit,the advantages of flexible operation.
Horizontal gene transfer from human endothelial cells to rat cardiomyocytes after intracoronary transplantation (2007)

When transplanted into the rat heart by efficient intracoronary delivery, EGFP-expressing HUVECs cause the exclusive but transient labelling of cardiomyocytes. Our in vivo findings suggest that it is not cell fusion and/or transdifferentiation that occurs under these conditions but rather a horizontal gene transfer of the EGFP marker via apoptotic bodies from endothelial cells to cardiomyocytes.
Structural, functional and evolutionary perspectives on effective re-engineering of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase assembly lines (2018)

Covering: up to May 2018 Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are mega-enzymes that form modular templates to assemble specific peptide products, independent of the ribosome. The autonomous nature of the modules in the template offers prospects for re-engineering NRPS enzymes to generate modified peptide products. Although this has clearly been a primary mechanism of natural product diversification throughout evolution, equivalent strategies have proven challenging to implement in the laboratory. In this review we examine key examples of successful and less-successful re-engineering of NRPS templates to generate novel peptides, with the aim of extracting practical guidelines to inform future efforts. We emphasise the importance of maintaining effective protein-protein interactions in recombinant NRPS templates, and identify strengths and limitations of diverse strategies for achieving different engineering outcomes.
Implementation and Evaluation of SIP-Based Secure VoIP Communication System (2008)

VoIP provides multimedia (audio and video, etc) services through Internet Network. Due to the characteristic of Internet, there are many attacks and threats in Internet, so are VoIP. Therefore, user authentication, confidentiality, and integrity of signaling message, media stream are required for secure communication. TLS and S/MIME are proposed for SIP signaling message protection and SRTP for media protection. MIKEY is also a standard protocol for key management. In this paper, we analyzed and implemented security protocols for VoIP. And then, we accomplished performance test of them by applying implemented security protocols to hardware VoIP phone and SIP proxy.
Acute compartment syndromes: diagnosis and treatment with the aid of the wick catheter. (1978)

Intracompartmental pressures were measured by the wick catheter technique in sixty-five compartments of twenty-seven patients who were clinically suspected of having acute compartment syndromes. A pressure of thirty millimeters of mercury or more was used as an indication for decompressive fasciotomy. The range of normal pressure was from zero to eight millimeters of mercury. Eleven of these patients were diagnosed as actually having compartment syndromes and in these patients, twenty-seven compartments were decompressed. Only two patients had significant sequelae. In the sixteen patients (thirty-eight compartments) whose pressures remained less than thirty millimeters of mercury, fasciotomy was withheld and compartment syndrome sequelae did not develop in any patient. Intraoperatively the wick catheter was used continuously in eight patients to document the effectiveness of decompression. Fasciotomy consistently restored pressures to normal except in the buttock and deltoid compartments, where epimysiotomy was required to supplement the fasciotomy. Continuous intraoperative monitoring of pressure by the wick catheter technique allowed us to select the few cases in which primary closure of wounds was appropriate and to decide which patients were best treated with secondary closure.
A balancing act? (1994)

Early last year, in keeping with the government s response to the Tomlinson Report, South Bank University was asked to submit proposals for an educational framework that would meet the needs of nurses affected by the transfer of services from secondary to acute settings. Developing such a course meant treading a fine line between embracing the forthcoming developments within primary care while retaining an awareness of the vital role played by existing primary care staff.
Error control for low-bit-rate speech communication systems (1993)

The incorporation of low-bit-rate speech coders into emerging land and satellite mobile communication systems presents problems which previous communication systems have never encountered. One of the most important of these problems is the degradation experienced in speech quality as a result of corruption of the transmitted speech information by channel errors. This paper presents a systematic survey of the various techniques that are being adopted to mitigate this condition.
A geothermal generator for grid greenhouse electrical power generator for supplying microgrid (2015)

For the integration of more renewable energy in a micro-grid greenhouse we have conducted a research for geothermal energy conversion into electricity. Thermal energy conversion uses a steam turbine providing mechanical torque on the shaft of a permanent magnet synchronous motor. Electronic conversion of alternating current to continuous current is performed with conventional modules. Finally, an inverter controlled by electronic management system will ensure stable values for electricity supply grid in single-phase system at European standards. We used real data available of the geothermal source and the real parameters of the electronic components for testing in simulation.
Accidental cell death and generation of reactive oxygen intermediates in human lymphocytes induced by thionins from <i>Viscum album</i> L. (1999)

The cytotoxic mechanisms of thionins from Viscum album L., the viscotoxins, were investigated in human granulocytes and lymphocytes. The time course of viscotoxin effects indicate accidental cell death, i.e. membrane permeabilization, degradation of cytoplasm and chromatin, swelling of mitochondria with loss of their cristae, and generation of reactive oxygen intermediates within 1-2 h, followed by secondary apoptosis-associated events. The viscotoxin homologue purothionin from whole-wheat flour and viscotoxin B, however, did not induce cell death in cultured lymphocytes. Cytotoxicity of cationic and amphipathic viscotoxin was prevented only by cleavage of its disulphide bridges.
The Sand Mattress Method of Slope Protection (1985)

The sand mattress concept offers promise as an economical alternative to sand bag armor for two distinct applications: (1) slope protection for exploratory islands and/or causeway facilities, and (2) toe protection for steep-walled caisson structures. Based upon previous experience in Japan and the results of a prototype field test conducted at Venice Beach, California, recommendations for implementing the concept in the Arctic are presented. It is concluded that the technology is feasible for immediate use in the Arctic, that the hydraulic filling techniques developed in Japan are efficient and reliable, and that particular care must be exercised in the design and implementation of inter-mat connections.
<title>Mixed-mode VLSI optic flow sensors for in-flight control of a micro air vehicle</title> (2000)

NRL is developing compact optic flow sensors for use in a variety of small-scale navigation and collision avoidance tasks. These sensors are being developed for use in micro air vehicles (MAVs), which are autonomous aircraft whose maximum dimension is on the order of 15 cm. To achieve desired weight specifications of 1 - 2 grams, mixed-signal VLSI circuitry is being used to develop compact focal plane sensors that directly compute optic flow. As an interim proof of principle, we have constructed a sensor comprising a focal plane sensor head with on-chip processing and a back-end PIC microcontroller. This interim sensors weighs approximately 25 grams and is able to measure optic flow with real-world and low-contrast textures. Variations of this sensor have been used to control the flight of a glider in real-time to avoid collisions with walls.