gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. (1996)

Present opinion combines the diagnosis and management of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Regarding deep venous thrombosis, clinical assessment based on major and minor diagnostic points in combination with ultrasound of the lower extremities showed useful positive predictive values when the clinical assessments and ultrasound were concordant. Subtle calf asymmetry may call attention to the possibility of thromboembolic disease. The prevalence of acute pulmonary embolism at a general hospital was evaluated. Importantly, the prevalence of unrecognized pulmonary embolism at autopsy has not changed in three decades. Further evaluation was made of the alveolar arterial oxygen difference in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. As with the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, the alveolar arterial oxygen difference is usually abnormal, but a normal value does not exclude pulmonary embolism. The criteria used for a low probability interpretation of ventilation-perfusion lung scans in the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) were modified. Criteria for a very low probability assessment (< 10% positive predictive value) were also determined. Progress was made with helical CT and contrast-enhanced electron-beam CT, but with present technology their roles are limited. Selective digital subtraction angiography with a flow-directed catheter was useful in some patients. A strategy for diagnosis of thromboembolic disease that uses serial noninvasive leg tests was described. This strategy reduces the number of pulmonary angiograms required.
Mouse strain-dependent variation in the course and outcome of chlamydial genital tract infection is associated with differences in host response (1997)

Whether there is a pathogenic or protective outcome to chlamydial infection may be defined by the host response. We infected C57BL/6 (C57) and C3H/HeN (C3H) mice with the human biovar of Chlamydia trachomatis, serovar E, and, in select experiments, with the mouse pneumonitis agent of C. trachomatis (MoPn). We compared the courses of infection, histopathology, and host responses that resulted from these infections. The duration of infection with either chlamydial biovar was significantly increased in the C3H strain of mice. The intensity of infection was examined in mice infected with serovar E, and it was significantly increased in the C3H strain. Histopathology revealed the incidence of severe hydrosalpinx to be significantly greater in C3H mice than in C57 mice. In contrast, severe distention of the uterine horns was observed in all infected C57 mice compared to none of the C3H mice infected with serovar E and only 25% of those infected with MoPn. Acute inflammation was significantly increased in the uterine horns of C57 mice compared to that of C3H mice. Examination of antigen-specific responses revealed qualitatively similar responses in the two strains. Determination of gamma interferon- versus interleukin 4- producing cells revealed the predominance of a Th1 response in both strains. Serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2a revealed a predominance of IgG2a antibody in both strains, although the levels of antibody were significantly greater in C3H mice. Lymphocyte proliferation studies revealed increased proliferation in the iliac nodes of both strains at 1 to 3 weeks after infection. Because of the early eradication of infection observed in the C57 strain, we explored the relative production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the two strains. TNF-alpha levels were significantly increased in the genital tract secretions of C57 mice compared to that of C3H mice during the first week of infection. Increased TNF-alpha may be beneficial to the host by leading to earlier eradication of infection, thereby preventing infection of the oviduct and thus the major disease sequelae associated with chlamydial infection of the genital tract.
Relativistic spin-polarized theory of magnetoelastic coupling and magnetic anisotropy strain dependence: Application to Co/Cu(001) (1997)

A self-consistent relativistic spin-polarized version of the total-energy full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method is developed on the basis of a second-variation treatment of the spin-orbit coupling (SOC). As illustration, the method is applied to determine the magnetoelastic coupling, orbital magnetic moment anisotropy and magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of a Co overlayer on Cu(001). The MAE (-0.36 meV) calculated at the equilibrium overlayer/substrate distance is in good agreement with experiment. As discovered earlier by Wu and Freeman, we find a linear dependence of the MAE on the overlayer/substrate distance. The calculated positive effective magnetoelastic coupling coefficient (1.13 meV) is caused by a positive surface magnetoelastic anisotropy (0.23 meV). This causes a negative magnetostriction coefficient ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{001}=\ensuremath{-}5.20\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ and an isotropic magnetostriction coefficient ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{s}=\ensuremath{-}5.65\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ that is in very good agreement with previous studies based on a perturbative SOC treatment.
Transcriptional Program of Mouse Osteoclast Differentiation Governed by the Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor and the Ligand for the Receptor Activator of NFκB (2002)

Cytokines macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and the receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand (RANKL) induce differentiation of bone marrow hematopoietic precursor cells into bone-resorbing osteoclasts without the requirement for stromal cells of mesenchymal origin. We used this recently described mouse cell system and oligonucleotide microarrays representing about 9,400 different genes to analyze gene expression in hematopoietic cells undergoing differentiation to osteoclasts. The ability of microarrays to detect the genes of interest was validated by showing expression and expected regulation of several osteoclast marker genes. In total 750 known transcripts were up-regulated by > or =2-fold, and 91% of them at an early time in culture, suggesting that almost the whole differentiation program is defined already in pre-osteoclasts. As expected, M-CSF alone induced the receptor for RANKL (RANK), but also, unexpectedly, other RANK/NFkappaB pathway components (TRAF2A, PI3-kinase, MEKK3, RIPK1), providing a molecular explanation for the synergy of M-CSF and RANKL. Furthermore, interleukins, interferons, and their receptors (IL-1alpha, IL-18, IFN-beta, IL-11Ralpha2, IL-6/11R gp130, IFNgammaR) were induced by M-CSF. Although interleukins are thought to regulate osteoclasts via modulation of M-CSF and RANKL expression in stromal cells, we showed that a mix of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-11 directly increased the activity of osteoclasts by 8.5-fold. RANKL induced about 70 novel target genes, including chemokines and growth factors (RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), PDGFalpha, IGF1), histamine, and alpha1A-adrenergic receptors, and three waves of distinct receptors, transcription factors, and signaling molecules. In conclusion, M-CSF induced genes necessary for a direct response to RANKL and interleukins, while RANKL directed a three-stage differentiation program and induced genes for interaction with osteoblasts and immune and nerve cells. Thus, global gene expression suggests a more dynamic role of osteoclasts in bone physiology than previously anticipated.
LIVER ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION INDUCES A SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE THROUGH KUPFFER CELL ACTIVATION (1996)

To study the role of Kupffer cells (KC) as a cellular source of proinflammatory cytokines in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 20 min global hepatic ischemia. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Blood levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were determined after 10, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min of reperfusion and compared with spontaneous cytokine release by KC isolated after 60 min of reperfusion. Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion resulted in an enhanced (p < .01) spontaneous release of TNF-alpha (+482%), IL-1 alpha (+33%), and IL-6 (+175%) by KC. Kinetic analysis of cytokinemia revealed an early increase (p < .01) of TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha within minutes upon reperfusion, while an elevation of IL-6 serum levels was observed with a delay of 2 h. Early cytokinemia was associated with dysfunction/injury of the liver, lung, and kidney after 4 and 24 h of reperfusion, respectively. These data indicate that hepatic ischemia/reperfusion results in Kupffer cell activation and increased cytokine levels, which may produce systemic inflammation and may be responsible for tissue injury locally and on remote sites.
A New Technique for Monitoring Heart Signals-Part I: Instrumentation Design (1986)

A new noninvasive method for obtaining the human electrocardiogram is investigated in this paper. The proposed technique uses a composite conductive medium formed by the patient's body and the external liquid medium such as tap water in a bathtub. In this Part I of a two part paper, the emphasis is on the instrumentation design. An in-depth study of the frequency characteristics of the liquid medium interface with the sensing electrodes and the electronic instrumentation system is also presented. Filtering and amplifying circuitry is designed to obtain ECG signals from the noisy bathtub signals. This improves the signal-to-noise ratio from approximately -20 to about 40 dB while amplifying the signal level from 0.1 mV to 1 V. In Part II, signal processing techniques are developed to extract the standard orthogonal leads from the bathtub signals.
Using structured text for large-scale attribute extraction (2008)

We propose a weakly-supervised approach for extracting class attributes from structured text available within Web documents. The overall precision of the extracted attributes is around 30% higher than with previous methods operating on Web documents. In addition to attribute extraction, this approach also automatically identifies values for a subset of the extracted class attributes.
A Pd-Fe-B/γ-Al2O3 Amorphous Alloy Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Chloronitrobenzene to Chloroaniline (2010)

A Pd-Fe-B/γ-Al2O3 amorphous alloy catalyst was prepared by impregnation and chemical reduction with borohydrine aqueous solution. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and elecdes design suite (EDS) and was used for catalytic hydrogenation of 5-nitro-2-chloro-2', 4'-dimethylbenzenesulfonanilide (NCD). The amorphous alloy catalyst shows significantly high activity and selectively for hydrogenation of NCD to 5-Amino-2-chloro-2', 4'-dimethylbenzenesulfonanilide (ACD).
Characteristics of Penning ionization gauge type compact microwave metal ion source (1988)

A sputtering ion source utilizing both microwave and Penning ionization gauge (PIG) ionizations for the primary ion beam deposition is described. The size of the source is 60 mm in diameter and 80 mm long. The continuous ion beams of refractory metals (Ta, W, Mo) with the ion currents of 100 to 150 μA are obtained for gas pressure on the order of 10−3 Torr in the plasma production chamber, microwave power under 40 W, and PIG discharge power under 80 W. This source has been operated with two different discharge modes, either glow discharge or arc discharge. Operation of both modes becomes quite stable by introducing microwave power. Metal ion production by glow discharge is more efficient in power consumption than that by arc discharge.
Superionic Conductivity in the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Li</mml:mi><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">C</mml:mi><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Fulleride Polymer (2009)

We report on the extraordinary superionic conductivity in the fulleride polymer Li4C60, a crystalline material with no disorder. 7Li, NMR, and dc frequency dependent conductivity show uncorrelated ionic hopping across small energy barriers (DeltaE_{a} approximately 200 meV) and an ionic conductivity of 10;{-2} S/cm at room temperature, higher than in "standard" ionic conductors. Ab initio calculations of the molecular structure find intrinsic unoccupied interstitial sites that can be filled by Li+ cations in stoichiometric Li4C60 even at low temperatures. The low energy required for the occupation of these sites allows a sizable Li+ diffusion above 130 K. The results suggest novel application of lithium intercalated fullerides as electrodes in Li ions batteries.
Benzothiophene Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Provide Neuroprotection by a Novel GPR30-Dependent Mechanism (2011)

The clinical benzothiophene SERM (BT-SERM), raloxifene, was compared with estrogens in protection of primary rat neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Structure-activity relationships for neuroprotection were determined for a family of BT-SERMs displaying a spectrum of ERα and ERβ binding affinity and agonist/antagonist activity, leading to discovery of a neuroprotective pharmacophore, present in the clinically relevant SERMS, raloxifene and desmethylarzoxifene (DMA), for which submicromolar potency was observed for neuroprotection. BT-SERM neuroprotection did not correlate with binding to ER nor classical ER activity, however, both the neuroprotective SERMs and estrogens were shown, using pharmacological probes, to activate the same kinase signaling cascades. The antiestrogen ICI 182,780 inhibited the actions of estrogens, but not those of BT-SERMs, whereas antagonism of the G-protein coupled receptor, GPR30, was effective for both SERMs and estrogens. Since SERMs have antioxidant activity, ER-independent mechanisms were studied using the classical phenolic antioxidants, BHT and Trolox, and the Nrf2-dependent cytoprotective electrophile, sulforaphane. However, neuroprotection by these agents was not sensitive to GPR30 antagonism. Collectively, these data indicate that the activity of neuroprotective BT-SERMs is GPR30-dependent and ER-independent and not mediated by antioxidant effects. Comparison of novel BT-SERM derivatives and analogs identified a neuroprotective pharmacophore of potential use in design of novel neuroprotective agents with a spectrum of ER activity.
A novel fault diagnosis method design and application for civil aircraft system (2009)

For estimating faults of the system with unknown nonlinear term, a novel fault diagnosis method based on nonlinear compensation term and proportional multiple-integral observer is proposed. In this method, the nonlinear compensation term is constructed by support vector machines (SVM), which can reduce the influence of unknown nonlinear part. Proportional multiple-integral observer based nonlinear compensation term can estimate actuator faults when there are sensor faults or output disturbance in the system. The proposed method is applied in civil aircraft system. Simulation experiments are given to demonstrate the efficiency.
PHOTOREFRACTIVE POLYMERS (1997)

▪ Abstract Rapid advances in the field of photorefractive polymers and composites have in the brief time since their inception in 1991 led to the development of high-performance materials with refractive index modulations approaching 0.01, dif-fraction efficiencies close to 100%, and net two-beam coupling gain coefficients exceeding 200 cm −1 in samples typically 100 μm thick. This paper reviews the current state of research, from the most successful synthetic strategies to produce polymeric photorefractive materials, to their emerging uses in applications. Two-beam coupling and four-wave mixing measurement techniques are presented and their importance in the characterization of the photorefractive properties of new materials is explained. The physics of the photorefractive effect in polymers is discussed with emphasis placed on the differences compared with the traditional inorganic photorefractive crystals. In particular, the orientational enhancement mechanism, which is believed to be responsible for the high performance of most of the low-glass-transition-temperature systems, is discussed in detail.
Natural gums and its pharmaceutical application (2014)

Gums are widely used natural excipients for conventional and novel dosage forms. With the increasing interest in polymers of natural origin, the pharmaceutical world has compliance to use most of them in the formulations. In recent years, there has been a tremendous development in natural products, which are needed to be used for a variety of purposes. Nature has provided us a wide variety of materials to help improves and sustains the health of all living things either directly or indirectly. These natural materials have advantages over synthetic ones since they are chemically inert, nontoxic, less expensive, biodegradable and widely available. They can also be modified in different ways to obtain tailor made materials for drug-delivery systems and thus can compete with the available synthetic excipients. Moreover, the tremendous orientation of Pharma world towards these naturally derived polymers has become a subject of increasing interest to discover, extract and purify such compounds from the natural origin. Gums are the potent candidates to be used in various pharmaceutical formulations as a potential candidate for novel drug delivery system (NDDS). In this review, we describe the developments in natural gums for use in the pharmaceutical sciences.
Long-Term Care??? Managing Across the Continuum (1999)

Home Healthcare Nurse: The Journal for the Home Care and Hospice Professional: August 1999 - Volume 17 - Issue 8 - p 531-532
An infectious hepatitis C virus RNA at last (1998)

be predicted to result in gross disruption of the gene product, which is an important participant in cell-to-cell signaling during morphogenesis.
Joint phase and timing recovery with CPM signals (2002)

We describe an algorithm for joint timing and carrier phase recovery with CPM signaling. The proposed method may be employed with any CPM format and with either full or reduced state detectors. It can be implemented in digital form with a limited computational complexity. Simulation results show that its tracking performance is excellent. However, when operated in its simplest form, it may exhibit false locks during acquisition. In particular, this happens with multilevel partial response formats. A simple solution to false locks is proposed.
Effect of dopamine receptor agonists on sensory nerve activity: possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of asthma and COPD (2002)

Sensory nerves regulate central and local reflexes such as airway plasma leakage, and cough and their function may be enhanced during inflammation. Evidence suggests that dopamine receptor agonists may inhibit sensory nerve-mediated responses. In this study dopamine inhibited vagal sensory nerve induced microvascular leakage in the rat. In order to characterize the receptor involved rat vagus preparations were utilized. Quinagolide (D(2/3) agonist), ropinirole (D(2/3/4) agonist), SKF 38393 (D(1/5) agonist), AR-C68397AA (Viozan) (dual D(2)/B(2) agonist) and dopamine inhibited hypertonic saline induced depolarization by approximately 50%. Data suggests that AR-C68397AA and quinagolide also inhibited depolarization of the human vagus. The quinagolide response was blocked by sulpiride (D(2/3) antagonist) but not SCH 23390 (D(1/5) antagonist); ropinirole was partially blocked by sulpiride, totally blocked by spiperone (at a concentration that blocks all dopamine receptors) but not by SCH 23390. The response to SKF 38393 was not blocked by sulpiride but was by SCH 23390. The inhibition evoked by AR-C68397AA was only partially blocked by SCH 23390 but not by sulpiride or spiperone whereas dopamine was blocked by spiperone. The effect of dopamine was not stimulus-specific as it inhibited capsaicin-induced depolarization of the rat vagus in a spiperone sensitive manner. In conclusion, dopamine receptor ligands inhibit depolarization of the rat and human vagus. These data suggest that dopamine receptor agonists may be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of symptoms such as cough and mucus secretion which are evident in respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Repercussões da cicatriz uterina resultante de cesariana prévia na dopplervelocimetria das artérias uterinas entre 26 e 32 semanas (2011)

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as repercussões da cicatriz uterina na dopplervelocimetria das artérias uterinas, entre 26 e 32 semanas, em gestantes primíparas com uma cesariana prévia, considerando quando esta foi realizada fora (cesárea eletiva) ou durante o trabalho de parto. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo transversal em 45 gestantes, divididas em três grupos: 17 gestantes com cicatriz prévia resultante de cesariana eletiva (grupo A); 14 gestantes com uma cicatriz prévia oriunda de cesariana executada em trabalho de parto (grupo B); 14 gestantes cujo único parto anterior foi realizado por via vaginal (grupo C). A dopplervelocimetria das artérias uterinas foi realizada pela via abdominal. Foram calculados as médias, medianas e desvios-padrão (DP) para cada grupo em estudo. Em relação ao índice de pulsatilidade, a comparação dos grupos foi conduzida pelo teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios do índice de pulsatilidade no grupo A variaram de 0,60 a 1,60 (média: 0,90; DP: 0,29), no grupo B, de 0,53 a 1,43 (média: 0,87; DP: 0,24), e no grupo C, de 0,65 a 1,65 (média: 1,01; DP: 0,37); p = 0,6329. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve repercussões da cicatriz de cesariana prévia na dopplervelocimetria das artérias uterinas avaliadas de 26 a 32 semanas de gestação.
Microfluidic actuators based on temperature-responsive hydrogels (2018)

Abstract The concept of using stimuli-responsive hydrogels to actuate fluids in microfluidic devices is particularly attractive, but limitations, in terms of spatial resolution, speed, reliability and integration, have hindered its development during the past two decades. By patterning and grafting poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) PNIPAM hydrogel films on plane substrates with a 2 μm horizontal resolution and closing the system afterward, we have succeeded in unblocking bottlenecks that thermo-sensitive hydrogel technology has been challenged with until now. In this paper, we demonstrate, for the first time with this technology, devices with up to 7800 actuated micro-cages that sequester and release solutes, along with valves actuated individually with closing and opening switching times of 0.6±0.1 and 0.25±0.15 s, respectively. Two applications of this technology are illustrated in the domain of single cell handling and the nuclear acid amplification test (NAAT) for the Human Synaptojanin 1 gene, which is suspected to be involved in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. The performance of the temperature-responsive hydrogels we demonstrate here suggests that in association with their moderate costs, hydrogels may represent an alternative to the actuation or handling techniques currently used in microfluidics, that are, pressure actuated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) valves and droplets.