gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-the-fly circuit to measure the average working set size (2002)

Two economic methods (Markov chain method and filtering method) which estimate the average working set size of a program on the fly are presented. Both methods are simple enough to be implemented inside a VLSI processor chip with small space requirements, or outside the chip to probe the memory reference traffic. The on-the-fly circuit tools that can estimate the average working set size of a program without much loss of accuracy make unnecessary the problematic and expensive procedures (hardware monitoring or simulation) of collecting the reference traces. Such tools can be used in all studies that require program locality measurements, including the study of a program locality, the effectiveness study of locality improvement techniques, and the study of optimizing compiler's effect on program locality. Since both methods require only one comparison and an increment of one or two counters per memory reference, they can be easily implemented as circuits to probe the reference traffic between the processor and the main memory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystal structure of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein bound to E2F and the molecular basis of its regulation (2003)

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRb) regulates the cell cycle, facilitates differentiation, and restrains apoptosis. Furthermore, dysfunctional pRb is thought to be involved in the development of most human malignancies. Many of the functions of pRb are mediated by its regulation of the E2F transcription factors. To understand the structural basis for this regulation, we have determined the crystal structure of a fragment of E2F in complex with the pocket domain of the tumor suppressor protein. The pRb pocket, comprising the A and B cyclin-like domains, is the major focus of tumourigenic mutations in the protein. The fragment of E2F used in our structural studies, residues 409-426 of E2F-1, represents the core of the pRb-binding region of the transcription factor. The structure shows that E2F binds at the interface of the A and B domains of the pocket making extensive interactions with conserved residues from both. We show by solution studies that a second site, probably contained within the "marked box" region of E2F, is responsible for additional interactions with the pRb pocket but is insufficient for complex formation on its own. In addition, we show that the interaction of the core binding fragment of E2F with pRb is inhibited by phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor protein by CDK2cyclin DE. Finally, our data reveal that the tight binding of the human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein to pRb prevents subsequent interactions with the marked box region of E2F but not with its core binding region.
New solid-state Marx topology for bipolar repetitive high-voltage pulses (2008)

A novel bipolar high-voltage modulator topology, based on the Marx generator concept, is proposed for high-voltage repetitive pulsed power applications. The proposed topology is a generalized version of the negative and positive all-solid-state Marx modulator concepts, which takes advantage of the intensive use of power semiconductor switches to increase the performance of the classical circuit, strongly reducing losses and increasing the pulse repetition frequency. Additionally, the proposed topology enables the use of typical half-bridge semiconductor structures while ensuring that the maximum voltage blocked by the semiconductors is the voltage of the capacitor in each stage. Due to semiconductor topology used the output voltage is very flexible. Hence, it is possible to change from negative to positive unipolar to bipolar pulse, with different duty cycles and different switching patterns. Experimental results are presented and discussed. A laboratory prototype with 10 kW peak power, of this bipolar solid-state modulator circuit, was assembled 1200 V IGBTs and diodes, operating with 1000 V d-c input voltage and 10 kHz frequency, giving 2 kV bipolar pulses, 5 A, with 5 mus into a resistive load.
Real-time freehand 3D ultrasound calibration (2007)

Z-fiducial phantoms allow 3D ultrasound probe calibration with a single B-scan. One of the main difficulties in using this phantom is the need for reliable segmentation of the wires in the ultrasound images, which necessitates manual intervention. In this paper, we have shown how we can solve this problem by mounting a thin rubber membrane on top of the phantom. The membrane is segmented automatically and the wires can be easily located as they are at known positions relative to the membrane. This enables us to segment the wires automatically at the full PAL frame rate of 25Hz, to produce calibrations in real-time, while achieving accuracies similar to those reported in the literature. It takes approximately two minutes to set up the experiment-submerge the phantom in the water bath and locate the phantom in space with a pointer. After this, spatial calibration can be performed in real-time at 25 calibrations per second.
Lateral Solid-Phase Epitaxy of Vacuum-Deposited Amorphous Si Film over Recessed SiO<sub>2</sub> Patterns (1985)

A single-crystal silicon-on-insulator structure had been fabricated by lateral solid-phase epitaxy (L-SPE) of vacuum-deposited amorphous Si (a-Si) film on Si (100) substrate with SiO 2 patterns. It is essential in L-SPE of vacuum-deposited a-Si that the substrate surface be planarized by recessing SiO 2 patterns. A 7µm-wide single-crystal area over irecessed SiO 2 was grown by low temperature annealing (575°C, 20 h). Only a polycrystalline area was formed over the unrecessed SiO 2 pattern. This is probably because of voids or the large stress field in a-Si film at the pattern edge step.
Domain Adaptive Transfer Learning with Specialist Models (2018)

Transfer learning is a widely used method to build high performing computer vision models. In this paper, we study the efficacy of transfer learning by examining how the choice of data impacts performance. We find that more pre-training data does not always help, and transfer performance depends on a judicious choice of pre-training data. These findings are important given the continued increase in dataset sizes. We further propose domain adaptive transfer learning, a simple and effective pre-training method using importance weights computed based on the target dataset. Our method to compute importance weights follow from ideas in domain adaptation, and we show a novel application to transfer learning. Our methods achieve state-of-the-art results on multiple fine-grained classification datasets and are well-suited for use in practice.
Video motion magnification based on Laplacian-Riesz pyramid (2017)

We propose a faster method for video motion magnification, which can make imperceptible motion visible for human eyes. Motion-magnified videos produced by our framework are of comparable quality to those produced with Riesz pyramid, but our method has higher computational efficiency. We use median filter to eliminate the grid noises at motion area edges. Experiments show our method is effective and efficient.
Towards design and validation of mixed-technology SOCs (2000)

This paper illustrates an approach to design and validation of heterogeneous systems. The emphasis is placed on devices which incorporate MEMS parts in either a single mixed-technology (CMOS + micromachining) SOC device, or alternatively as a hybrid system with the MEMS part in a separate chip. The design flow is general, and it is illustrated for the case of applications embedding CMOS sensors. In particular, applications based on finger-print recognition are considered since a rich variety of sensors and data processing algorithms can be considered. A high level multi-language/multi-engine approach is used for system specification and co-simulation. This also allows for an initial high-level architecture exploration, according to performance and cost requirements imposed by the target application. Thermal simulation of the overall device, including packaging, is also considered since this can have a significant impact in sensor performance. From the selected system specification, the actual architecture is finally generated via a multi-language co-design approach which can result in both hardware and software parts. The hardware parts are composed of available IP cores. For the case of a single chip implementation, the most important issue of embedded-core-based testing is briefly considered, and current techniques are adapted for testing the embedded cores in the SOC devices discussed.
PET imaging of (86)Y-labeled anti-Lewis Y monoclonal antibodies in a nude mouse model: comparison between (86)Y and (111)In radiolabels. (2001)

At 2 d after injection of (111)In-hu3S193 and (86)Y-hu3S193 radioimmunoconjugates, the uptake of (111)In and (86)Y activity was generally similar in most tissues. After 4 d, however, the concentration of (86)Y activity was significantly higher in several tissues, including tumor and bone tissue. Accordingly, the quantitative information offered by PET, combined with the presumably identical biodistribution of (86)Y and (90)Y radiolabels, should enable more accurate absorbed dose estimates in (90)Y radioimmunotherapy.
Early Improper Motion Detection in Golf Swings Using Wearable Motion Sensors: The First Approach (2013)

This paper presents an analysis of a golf swing to detect improper motion in the early phase of the swing. Led by the desire to achieve a consistent shot outcome, a particular golfer would (in multiple trials) prefer to perform completely identical golf swings. In reality, some deviations from the desired motion are always present due to the comprehensive nature of the swing motion. Swing motion deviations that are not detrimental to performance are acceptable. This analysis is conducted using a golfer's leading arm kinematic data, which are obtained from a golfer wearing a motion sensor that is comprised of gyroscopes and accelerometers. Applying the principal component analysis (PCA) to the reference observations of properly performed swings, the PCA components of acceptable swing motion deviations are established. Using these components, the motion deviations in the observations of other swings are examined. Any unacceptable deviations that are detected indicate an improper swing motion. Arbitrarily long observations of an individual player's swing sequences can be included in the analysis. The results obtained for the considered example show an improper swing motion in early phase of the swing, i.e., the first part of the backswing. An early detection method for improper swing motions that is conducted on an individual basis provides assistance for performance improvement.
Hyperthermic effects of dissipative structures of magnetic nanoparticles in large alternating magnetic fields (2011)

Targeted hyperthermia treatment using magnetic nanoparticles is a promising cancer therapy. However, the mechanisms of heat dissipation in the large alternating magnetic field used during such treatment have not been clarified. In this study, we numerically compared the magnetic loss in rotatable nanoparticles in aqueous media with that of non-rotatable nanoparticles anchored to localised structures. In the former, the relaxation loss in superparamagnetic nanoparticles has a secondary maximum because of slow rotation of the magnetic easy axis of each nanoparticle in the large field in addition to the known primary maximum caused by rapid Néel relaxation. Irradiation of rotatable ferromagnetic nanoparticles with a high-frequency axial field generates structures oriented in a longitudinal or planar direction irrespective of the free energy. Consequently, these dissipative structures significantly affect the conditions for maximum hysteresis loss. These findings shed new light on the design of targeted magnetic hyperthermia treatments.
Pharmacological Therapy after Acute Cervical Spinal Cord Injury (2002)

Treatment of patients with acute spinal cord injuries with GM-1 ganglioside is recommended as an option without demonstrated clinical benefit.
Googling a Trademark: A Comparative Look at Keyword Use in Internet Advertising (2010)

For Pearson's model of Bénard-Marangoni convection, the Nusselt number Nu is proven to be bounded as a function Marangoni number Ma according to Nu<or=0.838 x Ma(2/7) for infinite Prandtl number and according to Nu <or=Ma(1/2) uniformly for finite Prandtl number. The analysis is also used to raise the lower bound for the critical Marangoni number for energy stability of the conduction solution from 56.77 to 58.36 when the Prandtl number is infinite.
Is “sometime” sometimes better than “always”? (1978)

This paper explores a technique for proving the correctness and termination of programs simultaneously. This approach, the intermittent-assertion method , involves documenting the program with assertions that must be true at some time when control passes through the corresponding point, but that need not be true every time. The method, introduced by Burstall, promises to provide a valuable complement to the more conventional methods. The intermittent-assertion method is presented with a number of examples of correctness and termination proofs. Some of these proofs are markedly simpler than their conventional counterparts. On the other hand, it is shown that a proof of correctness or termination by any of the conventional techniques can be rephrased directly as a proof using intermittent assertions. Finally, it is shown how the intermittent-assertion method can be applied to prove the validity of program transformations and the correctness of continuously operating programs.
Efficient Format Preserving Encrypted Databases. (2015)

Abstract—We propose storage efficient SQL-aware encrypted databases that preserve the format of the fields. We give exper-imental results of storage improvements in CryptDB using FNR encryption scheme.
Location of Diffractometer Profiles in X-ray Stress Analysis (1976)

The location of x-ray diffractometer line profiles is of fundamental importance in x-ray stress analysis. Objective estimates of the line profile position may be derived from diffractometer measurements at a number of equally-spaced points in the region of maximum intensity. These estimates are generally based upon the corresponding turning-point of a polynomial fitted to step-scanning data. Techniques are described which simplify the computation involved. A least-squares fitting of a quadratic is satisfactory for most routine applications provided that a reasonable number of points is involved. The three-point parabola method is less satisfactory. Expressions are presented, derived using the maximum-likelihood approach, for peak location and counting variance using both quadratic and cubic equations.
Experimental Evaluation of Catalyzed Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Persulfate for Destruction of BTEX Contaminants (2006)

Due to the toxicity and prevalence of BTEX contaminants (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) at hazardous waste sites, approaches for their remediation are of interest, especially those that particularly address benzene, which is often the limiting factor for achieving regulatory cleanup at these contaminated sites. In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is a viable technology for BTEX destruction, and hydrogen peroxide and sodium persulfate are two oxidants of interest for BTEX treatment. Laboratory studies were conducted to compare BTEX contaminant destruction and oxidant persistence for these two oxidants and for varied methods of oxidant activation/propagation. Additionally, studies were performed to compare contaminant destruction and oxidant persistence in laboratory contaminant spike systems vs. field site contaminant systems. Finally, contaminant destruction and oxidant persistence in field porous media with varied characteristics were evaluated. Contaminant and oxidant concentrations were measured at multiple time points over a three-week reaction period in each oxidant and oxidant activation/propagation system. Under the comparable conditions evaluated here, sodium persulfate systems demonstrated greater BTEX contaminant destruction and greater oxidant persistence than hydrogen peroxide systems. FeSO4 and citric acid activation of sodium persulfate resulted in greater BTEX destruction and greater oxidant persistence than pH adjustment or hydrogen peroxide activation in both laboratory contaminant spike systems and field gas condensate systems. Additionally, results indicate that the response of the contaminant(s) and oxidant (extent and rate of depletion) are both contaminant-and porous media type-dependent.
The purified ATPase from chromaffin granule membranes is an anion-dependent proton pump. (1987)

The proton-ATPase of chromaffin granules was purified so as to maintain its proton-pumping activity when reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. The purification procedure involved solubilization with polyoxyethylene 9 lauryl ether, hydroxylapatite column, precipitation by ammonium sulfate, and glycerol gradient centrifugation. The protease inhibitor mixture used in previous studies inhibited the proton-pumping activity of the enzyme; therefore, the protein was stabilized by pepstatin A and leupeptin. The enzyme was purified at least 50-fold with respect to both ATPase and proton-pumping activity. The ATP-dependent proton uptake activity of the reconstituted enzyme was absolutely dependent on the presence of Cl- or Br- outside the vesicles, whereas sulfate, acetate, formate, nitrate, and thiocyanate were inhibitory. Sulfate inhibition seems to be due to competition with Cl- on the anion-binding site outside the vesicles, whereas nitrate and thiocyanate inhibited only from the internal side. As with the inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide, the proton-pumping activity was much more sensitive to nitrate than the ATPase activity. About 20 mM nitrate were sufficient for 90% inhibition of the proton-pumping activity while 100 mM inhibited only 50% of the ATPase activity both in situ and in the reconstituted enzyme. The possible regulatory effect of anions on the ATP-dependent proton uptake in secretory granules is discussed.
Cortical Damage from Zenkerʼs Solution Applied to the Dura Mater (1981)

An experimental and clinical study was undertaken to determine whether Zenker's solution without glacial acetic acid (modified Zenker's solution) applied to the external surface of the dura mater can penetrate to injure the underlying cortex. Adult cats and dogs, the dura of which had an average thickness of 0.2 and 0.25 mm, respectively, were given intravenous Evans blue dye as an indicator of blood-brain barrier breakdown. This was followed by the application of modified Zenker's solution to the dura in a manner identical to the clinical practice. When the animals were killed 1 or 2 hours later, the cortex beneath the dura painted with modified Zenker's solution was stained massively. The thickness of human dura was measured; it varied from 0.22 to 0.28 mm in infants of 3 months or less, 0.27 to 0.42mm in infants 4 months to 12 months of age, and 0.32 to 0.45 mm in children to 1 to 18 years of age. Modified Zenker's solution applied to fresh dura for 3 minutes at autopsy gave visual evidence 1 hour later of penetration to the cortex beneath. In operative procedures for craniosynostosis, 69 patients were treated with modified Zenker's solution; of these, 7 developed seizures in the immediate postoperative period. No seizures occurred among the 39 patients on whom modified Zenker's solution was not used. It is concluded that modified Zenker's solution applied to the dura can damage the cortex beneath.
A Rolling-Shutter Distortion-Free 3D Stacked Image Sensor with -160dB Parasitic Light Sensitivity In-Pixel Storage Node (2013)

Conventional CMOS image sensors widely used in products currently on the market are mainly equipped with a rolling exposure function. This rolling exposure causes so-called “Jell-o effect” distortion when capturing a moving target. CMOS image sensors with a global-shutter function are one of the solutions to avoid this distortion. An in-pixel storage node is required to create a global-shutter CMOS image sensor. A floating diffusion and an additional capacitor can be used as an in-pixel storage node [1,2]. The light sensitivity of the in-pixel storage node is specified by the parasitic light sensitivity (PLS), which is the ratio of the light sensitivity of an in-pixel storage node and the light sensitivity of a photodiode. The PLS should be small enough so that the in-pixel storage is not light-sensitive. Artifacts are captured in an image from bright moving objects during read-out if the PLS is not small enough. The PLS of reported global-shutter CMOS image sensors is around -100dB. That would be small enough to use those image sensors in fields where the light source can be controlled. However, for DSC usage, users can easily encounter scenes with bright objects (e.g. sunlight or car headlights). Even if the in-pixel storage node is light-shielded, it is difficult to perfectly protect the in-pixel storage node from photo-generated carriers, as long as the in-pixel storage node and a photodiode are on the same silicon substrate. Meanwhile, 3D stacking technologies have been introduced for image sensors to give them more functionality and improved performance [3,4]. The reported minimum interconnection pitches for image sensors are over 20μm. These technologies do not fit the smaller pixel pitches of the image sensors in recent DSCs. In this paper, we report a rolling-shutter distortion-free 3D stacked image sensor with an in-pixel storage node of -160dB parasitic light sensitivity. The image sensor virtually achieves a global-shutter function using a 4-times frame-shutter operation. The image sensor has 2 semiconductor substrates, where 1 substrate has a backside-illuminated photodiode array and the other a storage-node array. The image sensor achieves a PLS level of -160dB. The image sensor has 8.6μm pitched interconnections, and an interconnection yield of over 99.9% is achieved.
Thermoelectric energy from flexible P3HT films doped with a ferric salt of triflimide anions (2012)

Due to their low thermal conductivity, non-toxicity and low cost, conductive polymer materials are potential candidates for thermoelectric applications. Here, a detailed investigation into the thermoelectric properties of P3HT films is reported. A thermoelectric power factor over 20 μW m−1 K−2 at room temperature was obtained by employing a ferric salt of triflimide (TFSI−) anions as a dopant. Flexible films of P3HT-TFSI were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), along with temperature-variant electrical measurements. Given the promising results obtained from ordinary P3HT films by a simple doping treatment, this work suggests the significance of the appropriate choice of dopants and/or counterions, as well as the polymers themselves.
Modelling and Simulation of Electro- and Magnetorheological Fluid Dampers (2002)

Electro- and magnetorheological fluids are smart, synthetic fluids changing their viscosity from liquid to semi-solid state within milliseconds if a sufficiently strong electric or magnetic field is applied. When used in suitable devices, they offer the innovative potential of very fast, adaptively controllable interfaces between mechanical devices and electronic control units. This paper gives an overview on the basic properties of electro- and magnetorheological fluids and discusses various phenomenological models for whole devices and their applications. Numerical simulation results are presented for the passive suspension of a quarter vehicle model.