gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemoprevention of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Mice by a Mixture of Chinese Herbs (2009)

Antitumor B (ATB) is a Chinese herbal mixture of six plants. Previous studies have shown significant chemopreventive efficacy of ATB against human esophageal and lung cancers. We have recently developed a new mouse model for lung squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). In this study, lung SCC mouse model was characterized using small-animal imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography). ATB decreased lung SCC significantly (3.1-fold; P < 0.05) and increased lung hyperplastic lesions by 2.4-fold (P < 0.05). This observation suggests that ATB can block hyperplasia from progression to SCC. ATB tissue distribution was determined using matrine as a marker chemical. We found that ATB is rapidly absorbed and then distributes to various tissues including the lung. These results indicate that ATB is a potent chemopreventive agent against the development of mouse lung SCCs.
Latent Effects of Hsp90 Mutants Revealed at Reduced Expression Levels (2013)

In natural systems, selection acts on both protein sequence and expression level, but it is unclear how selection integrates over these two dimensions. We recently developed the EMPIRIC approach to systematically determine the fitness effects of all possible point mutants for important regions of essential genes in yeast. Here, we systematically investigated the fitness effects of point mutations in a putative substrate binding loop of yeast Hsp90 (Hsp82) over a broad range of expression strengths. Negative epistasis between reduced expression strength and amino acid substitutions was common, and the endogenous expression strength frequently obscured mutant defects. By analyzing fitness effects at varied expression strengths, we were able to uncover all mutant effects on function. The majority of mutants caused partial functional defects, consistent with this region of Hsp90 contributing to a mutation sensitive and critical process. These results demonstrate that important functional regions of proteins can tolerate mutational defects without experimentally observable impacts on fitness.
Assessment of HgCdTe and GaAs/GaAlAs technologies for LWIR infrared imagers (1992)

Imagery of long wavelength infrared HgCdTe and GaAs quantum well staring arrays in size 128 X 128 has been demonstrated. In this paper, we compare detector array performance characteristics, discuss the natural and technological limitations of both technologies and identify the improvements likely to be made in the near future. At this stage of feasibility demonstration in the spectral band 8 - 10 micrometers , the effective quantum efficiency in GaAs FPAs is 4% compared to 60% for HgCdTe and the responsivity is 0.08 A/W compared to 4.5 A/W. This value of 0.08 A/W is significantly below the value 2 A/W reported for single quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIP) detectors. The peak detectivities and NE(Delta) T at 78 K are (5 X 10<SUP>9</SUP> cm (root)Hz/W, 0.037 K) and (2 X 10<SUP>11</SUP>, 0.005 K) for QWIP and HgCdTe, respectively. The residual nonuniformities after two-point correction are < 0.01% for QWIP arrays and 0.012% for HgCdTe. Crosstalk is currently unsatisfactory in QWIP detector arrays, but design concepts can be used to reduce this effect. For terrestrial imaging, GaAs quantum well detector arrays most likely will need to operate at temperatures below 80 K from fundamental considerations; HgCdTe detector arrays are background limited at operating temperatures <EQ 90 K. Since cooling can drive cost and reliability, and since significant progress has been made in producing high quality HgCdTe detector arrays with good yield, it is unlikely that HgCdTe will be displaced by this technology for terrestrial applications. For low background space applications at (phi) <SUB>b</SUB> <EQ 10<SUP>12</SUP> ph/cm<SUP>2</SUP>-sec, QWIP detectors at 40 K are background limited. This observation plus their radiation hard characteristics suggest a possible niche in strategic applications.
Context modeling for near-lossless image coding (2002)

This letter describes a context-based entropy coding suitable for any causal spatial differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) scheme performing lossless or near-lossless image coding. The proposed method is based on partitioning of prediction errors into homogeneous classes before arithmetic coding. A context function is measured on prediction errors lying within a two-dimensional (2-D) causal neighborhood, comprising the prediction support of the current pixel, as the root mean square (RMS) of residuals weighted by the reciprocal of their Euclidean distances. Its effectiveness is demonstrated in comparative experiments concerning both lossless and near-lossless coding. The proposed context coding/decoding is strictly real-time.
Fulvestrant-3 Boronic Acid (ZB716): An Orally Bioavailable Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulator (SERD) (2016)

Orally bioavailable SERDs may offer greater systemic drug exposure, improved clinical efficacy, and more durable treatment outcome for patients with ER-positive endocrine-resistant breast cancer. We report the design and synthesis of a boronic acid modified fulvestrant (5, ZB716), which binds to ERα competitively (IC50 = 4.1 nM) and effectively downregulates ERα in both tamoxifen-sensitive and tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Furthermore, It has superior oral bioavailability (AUC = 2547.1 ng·h/mL) in mice, indicating its promising clinical utility as an oral SERD.
IView: introgression library visualization and query tool (2010)

IView will be useful for those wanting to make introgression data from their stock of germplasm searchable.
60 GHz millimeter-wave dual mode radar for IVHS (2002)

A dual mode millimeter-wave radar has been proposed for headway control to maintain stable driving on the highway. It would be able to operate in both radar mode, in which it would measure the distance to the leading vehicle, and in communication mode, in which it would exchange data with a vehicle ahead of it. By operating in two modes alternately, the dual mode radar can provide the headway control system with all the data needed to control the distances to the leading vehicles. This paper describes the concept of the dual mode radar system and the results of the experiments undertaken.
Tetrachlorocyclopropene, Tetrabromocyclopropene, and Some Fluorinated Cyclopropenes and Cyclopropanes<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetrachlorocyclopropene, Tetrabromocyclopropene, and Some Fluorinated Cyclopropenes and Cyclopropanes1Stephen W. Tobey and Robert WestCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 11, 2481–2488Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00963a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00963a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1658Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aiding the Self‐Assembly of Supramolecular Polyoxometalates under Hydrothermal Conditions To Give Precursors of Complex Functional Oxides (2012)

In situ Raman spectroscopy allows insight into molecular processes under hydrothermal conditions during synthesis of complex nanostructured MoVTeNb oxides (see picture: Nb yellow, Mo blue, V/Mo pale blue, Te red). Based on the knowledge acquired, the synthesis can be more efficiently directed towards the desired product with improved functionality.
Two genes that regulate exopolysaccharide production in Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234: DNA sequences and resultant phenotypes (1990)

Two closely linked genes involved in the regulation of exopolysaccharide (EPS) production in Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234, exoX and exoY, were sequenced, and their corresponding phenotypes were investigated. Inhibition of EPS synthesis occurred in wild-type strains when extra copies of exoX were introduced, but only when exoY had been deleted or mutated or was present at a lower copy number. Normal EPS synthesis occurred in Rhizobium sp. when both exoX and exoY were introduced on the same replicon. Surprisingly, the presence of multiple copies of exoY in exoY:: Tn5 mutants of NGR234 adversely affected cellular growth. This was apparent when exoY was introduced into exoY mutants on IncP1 vectors, where the copy number was approximately 10, but was not apparent when present on much larger R-prime plasmids with lower copy numbers (approximately 3 per cell). Multiple copies of exoX did not adversely affect cellular growth of any strain. The exoX gene appeared analogous, in size and phenotype, to a previously described Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli EPS gene, psi (D. Borthakur and A.W.B. Johnston, Mol. Gen. Genet. 207:149-154, 1987), and the deduced ExoX and Psi shared strikingly similar secondary structures. Despite this, ExoX and Psi showed little homology at the primary amino acid level, except for a central region of 18 amino acids. The interaction of ExoX and ExoY could form the basis of a sensitive regulatory system for EPS acids. The interaction of ExoX and ExoY could form the basis of a sensitive regulatory system for EPS biosynthesis. The presence of a multicopy exoX in Rhizobium meliloti and R. fredii similarly abolished EPS biosynthesis in these species.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) transiently suppresses mitogen-stimulated T-cell proliferative response (1999)

Granulocyte colony-stimulation factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine that selectively promotes growth and maturation of neutrophils and may modulate the cytokine response to inflammatory stimuli. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of G-CSF on ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) functions. Ten patients with breast cancer were included in a clinical trial in which r-metHuG-CSF was administered daily for 5 days to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells. Ten healthy women were also included as controls. Our data show that G-CSF treatment induces an increase in peripheral blood leucocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts. We have found a modulation in the percentages of CD19+, CD45+ CD14+, CD4+ CD45RA+ and CD4+ CD45RO+ cells in PBMC fractions during G-CSF treatment. We have also found a significant reduction in the proliferative response of PBMC to mitogenic stimulation that reverted 14 days after the fifth and the last dose of G-CSF. Furthermore, it was not associated with significant changes in the pattern of cytokine production. The mechanism of this immunoregulatory effect is probably indirect since G-CSF receptor has not been found in T lymphocytes. This mechanism and its potential clinical applications remain to be elucidated.
Malycorins A-C, New Lycopodium Alkaloids from Lycopodium phlegmaria (2008)

A novel C(19)N-type Lycopodium alkaloid, malycorin A (1) consisting of a serratinane skeleton with 2-propanol unit has been isolated from the club moss Lycopodium phlegmaria, together with two new C(16)N-type alkaloids, malycorins B (2) and C (3), and the structures and relative stereochemistry were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.
A three-dimensional variable-density spiral spatial-spectral RF pulse with rotated gradients (2010)

Three-dimensional spatial-spectral radiofrequency pulses using a stack-of-spirals trajectory can achieve two-dimensional spatial localization and one-dimensional spectral selection simultaneously. These pulses are useful, for example, in reduced field-of-view applications that also require frequency specificity such as lipid imaging. A limitation of the pulse design is that the length of the spiral trajectory is fixed by the frequency separation of lipid and water. This restricts the highest possible excitation resolution of the spatial profile over a given field of excitation. In this work, we examine the use of periodically rotated variable-density spirals to increase the spatial excitation resolution without changing the frequency selectivity. Variable-density spirals are used to undersample the high spatial frequencies such that higher excitation resolutions can be obtained with a small expense in increased aliasing of the slice profile. The periodic rotation of the spiral trajectories reduces the impact of the undersampling by distributing the aliasing in the frequency domain. The technique is demonstrated with simulations, phantom studies, and imaging human leg muscle at 3 T. It was found in the human study that the spatial excitation resolution could be improved from 6 x 6 to 8 x 8 (matrix size over a fixed field of view) while decreasing aliasing by approximately 40-60%.
Formation of Hydroxyl Radicals by Collapsing Ozone Microbubbles under Strongly Acidic Conditions (2007)

Hydroxyl radicals are strong oxidants in aqueous solution, reacting rapidly with a wide range of dissolved compounds. In contrast, ozone is a highly selective oxidant. Understanding the process by which ozone is transformed into hydroxyl radicals is important in the treatment of wastewater and drinking water. We use electron spin-resonance spectroscopy to demonstrate that when microbubbles of ozone in strongly acidic aqueous solution collapse, the ozone progressively decomposes and large quantities of hydroxyl radicals are generated. Moreover, the degradation of polyvinyl alcohol, which is ozone resistant, was also observed during the collapse of the microbubbles. These findings indicate that ozone microbubbles are potentially useful in future water-treatment applications.
Spatial indexing of distributed multidimensional datasets (2005)

While declustering methods for distributed multidimensional indexing of large datasets have been researched widely in the past, replication techniques for multidimensional indexes have not been investigated deeply. In general, a centralized index server may become the performance bottleneck in a wide area network rather than the data servers, since the index is likely to be accessed more often than any of the datasets in the servers. In this paper, we present two different multidimensional indexing algorithms for a distributed environment - a centralized global index and a two-level hierarchical index. Our experimental results show that the centralized scheme does not scale well for either insertion or searching the index. In order to improve the scalability of the index server, we have employed a replication protocol for both the centralized and two-level index schemes that allows some inconsistency between replicas without affecting correctness. Our experiments show that the two-level hierarchical index scheme shows better scalability for both building and searching the index than the non-replicated centralized index, but replication can make the centralized index faster than the two-level hierarchical index for searching in some cases.
Unidirectional broadband radiation of honeycomb plasmonic antenna array with broken symmetry (2011)

Emerging plasmonic and photovoltaic applications benefit from effective interaction between optical antennas and unidirectional incident light over a wide spectrum. Here, we propose a honeycomb array of plasmonic nanoantennas with broken symmetry to obtain a unidirectional radiation pattern over a wide spectrum. The honeycomb nanoantenna array is based on a hexagonal grid with periodically arranged nanostructure building blocks. To analyze the far-field optical distribution and spectral behavior of the plasmonic antenna honeycomb, a two-dimensional Wigner-Seitz unit cell is used together with periodic boundary conditions. As a result of the vectoral superposition of the fields produced by the Wigner-Seitz unit cells, far-zone optical fields interfere constructively or destructively in different directions. The constructive interference along the array's normal direction engenders unidirectional radiation. Due to the broken symmetry of the Wigner-Seitz cell, multiple resonances are supported by the plasmonic antenna honeycomb array over a broad spectrum.
Macrophages predict treatment outcome in Hodgkin's lymphoma (2011)

Although Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) can be considered a successful paradigm of modern treatment strategies, about 15–20% of patients with advanced-stage HL still die following relapse or progressive disease and a similar proportion of patients are over-treated,[1][1],[2][2] leading to treatment-
Isolation and characterization of a coupled compound of thiamin with catechol. (1984)

Equimolecular amounts of thiamin and catechol incubated under suitable conditions produced an unknown reaction product isolated as a light yellow powder from the reaction mixture by reverse-phase ODS column chromatography. Elemental analysis of the purified powder showed the molecular formula to be C18H22N4O4S X HCl X H2O in agreement with a molecular ion peak found at m/e 390 in the mass spectrum. These results together with the data of IR and NMR spectrometry possibly show that this material consists of an isomeric mixture of S-3,4- and S-2,3-dihydroxyphenylthiamin (I and II) which probably arise as a result of oxidative addition of the thiol group of thiamin to catechol.
Modulation of the hair cell motor: A possible source of odd-order distortion (1994)

A recent paper by Nuttall and Dolan [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93, 2061-2068 (1993)] on intermodulation distortion in the cochlea concluded that electrical quadratic distortion (f2-f1) came predominantly from inner hair cells (IHCs). However, they suggested that the outer hair cells provided the mechanical input that caused this even-order distortion. The data reported here describe the nonlinear components in the gross electrical and acoustic emission responses of the gerbil and suggest a mechanism by which odd-order distortion could be generated by modulation of the fast phasic motile response of outer hair cells (OHCs) by the even-order distortion signal.
Identification of a Site in Glutamate Receptor Subunits That Controls Calcium Permeability (1991)

The neurotransmitter glutamate mediates excitatory synaptic transmission throughout the brain. A family of genes encoding subunits of the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) type of glutamate receptor has been cloned. Some combinations of these subunits assemble into receptors with a substantial permeability to calcium, whereas others do not. To investigate the structural features that control ion permeation through these ligand-gated channels, mutant receptor subunits with single-amino acid changes were constructed. Mutation of a certain amino acid that results in a net charge change (from glutamine to arginine or vice versa) alters both the current-voltage relation and the calcium permeability of non-NMDA receptors. A site has thus been identified that regulates the permeation properties of these glutamate receptors.
Shaping program repair space with existing patches and similar code (2018)

Automated program repair (APR) has great potential to reduce bug-fixing effort and many approaches have been proposed in recent years. APRs are often treated as a search problem where the search space consists of all the possible patches and the goal is to identify the correct patch in the space. Many techniques take a data-driven approach and analyze data sources such as existing patches and similar source code to help identify the correct patch. However, while existing patches and similar code provide complementary information, existing techniques analyze only a single source and cannot be easily extended to analyze both.
Development of the South Carolina Coast 1959-1989: Prelude to a Disaster (1991)

The history of hurricanes on the South Carolina Coast is reviewed. It is shown that reasonable design wind and surge conditions could have been established before the rapid development of the coast in the last 30 years, but the state lacked an adequate legislative and technical framework to do so. Control of construction had been left in the hands of local jurisdictions which resulted in considerable variation in the quality of control, including no control at all. Shortcomings in the building code, difficulties in enforcement and the actions of the construction industry, lenders, insurers and owners led to the construction of buildings and other structures with inadequate hurricane resistance. These inadequacies were clearly demonstrated in Hurricane Hugo when many structures, and the electric power distribution system serving them, failed to meet reasonable performance standards.
Image segmentation for tracking salt boundaries (2004)

Image segmentation can be used to track salt boundaries when the salt boundary amplitude is greater than any other local reflections. We apply a modified version of the normalized cut image segmentation method to partition seismic images along salt boundaries. In principle our method should work even when the boundaries are not continuous, and conventional horizon tracking algorithms may fail. Our implementation of this method calculates a weight connecting each pixel in the image to each pixel in a local neighborhood. The weight is made weak where the negative amplitude of the complex trace along the shortest path between the two pixels has a minimum and is less than a threshold value. This method is demonstrated to be effective on synthetic 2D seismic sections and can easily be modified to be applied to 3D data. To overcome the formidable computational expense and storage requirements, three cost saving approaches are proposed. Firstly, pixels are sampled from windows centered at powers of 2, this greatly increases the sparseness of the weight matrix. Secondly, initial solutions are provided to subsequent segmentations for multiple segmentation passes in iterative velocity analysis. Thirdly, an iterative multi‐scale approach should allow the tracking of the bright salt events in large 3D cubes.