gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parametric Investigation of a High-Lift Airfoil at High Reynolds Numbers (1997)

A new two-dimensional, three-element, advanced high-lift research airfoil has been tested in the NASA Langley Research Center s Low-Turbulence Pressure Tunnel at a chord Reynolds number up to 1.6 x 107. The components of this high-lift airfoil have been designed using a incompressible computational code (INS2D). The design was to provide high maximum-lift values while maintaining attached flow on the single-segment flap at landing conditions. The performance of the new NASA research airfoil is compared to a similar reference high-lift airfoil. On the new high-lift airfoil the effects of Reynolds number on slat and flap rigging have been studied experimentally, as well as the Mach number effects. The performance trend of the high-lift design is comparable to that predicted by INS2D over much of the angle-of-attack range. However, the code did not accurately predict the airfoil performance or the configuration-based trends near maximum lift where the compressibility effect could play a major role.
Optimizing Transient Recombinant Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells (2011)

Transient gene expression (TGE) in mammalian cells has become a routine process for expressing recombinant proteins in cell lines such as human embryonic kidney 293 and Chinese hamster ovary cells. The rapidly increasing need for recombinant proteins requires further improvements in TGE technology. While a great deal of focus has been directed toward optimizing the secretion of antibodies and other naturally secreted targets, much less work has been done on ways to improve cytoplasmic expression in mammalian cells. The benefits to protein production in mammalian cells, particularly for eukaryotic proteins, should be very significant - glycosylation and other posttranslational modifications will likely be native or near-native, solubility and protein folding would likely improve overexpression in heterologous hosts, and expression of proteins in their proper intracellular compartments is much more likely to occur. Improvements in this area have been slow, however, due to limited development of the cell culture processes needed for low-cost, higher-throughput expression in mammalian cells, and the relatively low diversity of DNA vectors for protein production in these systems. Here, we describe how the use of recombinational cloning, coupled with improvements in transfection protocols which increase speed and lower cost, can be combined to make mammalian cells much more amenable for routine recombinant protein expression.
Enhancement of viral gene expression in Friend erythroleukemic cells by 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. (1980)

Tumor-promoting agents are known to inhibit the specific differentiation processes of several animal cell systems in vitro, including the Friend leukemia cell system. We have examined the effect of 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the latter system and have investigated its action on Friend virus expression. At a concentration of 16.7 nM, TPA inhibits the dimethyl sulfoxide-induced Friend cell terminal differentiation and, at the same time, enhances the expression of the Friend virus genome, as demonstrated by a 2-fold increase in the amount of reverse transcriptase-containing particles released into the culture fluid and in the levels of virus-specific intracytoplasmic RNA. The greatest effect of TPA is evident after 24 hr of treatment. At this time, TPA exerts also its strongest effect upon the induction of the plasminogen activator. Our results indicate that two specific effects of TPA, i.e., block of differentiation and induction of plasminogen activator, correlate well in the Friend cell system with an extracellular and intracellular increase in virus expression.
Photoaligned Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Passive Matrix Display with Memorized Gray Scale (2006)

A new concept of a passive matrix ferroelectric liquid crystal display (FLCD) with a memorized gray scale is proposed. The physical origin of the gray scale in ferroelectric liquid crystal displays is considered. The criterion of reliable testability is derived depending on the FLC hysteretic behavior in an electric field. The frequency and temperature dependences of the FLC hysteretic loop are discussed. A new approach for multiplex electronic addressing of the FLCD gray scale is given. A passively addressed 64 × 64 FLCD based on the photoalignment technique is developed. New applications of passively addressed FLCDs with a memorized gray scale are envisaged.
Allele loss and point mutation in codons 12 and 61 of the c‐Ha‐<i>ras</i> oncogene in carcinogen‐transformed human breast epithelial cells (1994)

There is significant evidence that the ras oncogene plays a role in experimental mammary carcinogenesis; the evidence in human breast cancer, however, is more limited. We induced the expression of transformation phenotypes in the human breast epithelial cell line MCF-10F with the chemical carcinogens 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, N-methyl-N-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine, and benzo[a]pyrene. This work was designed to clarify whether chemically induced neoplastic transformation correlates with alterations in the ras gene. MCF-10F cells have two c-Ha-ras alleles, identified by 1.0-kb and 1.2-kb restriction fragments. Treatment with carcinogens resulted in the loss of one of the alleles (1.0 kb). Polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA from all carcinogen-treated cells was analyzed for point mutations in c-Ha-ras at codons 12 and 61. All of the carcinogens induced a mutation of the remaining allele at the first position of codon 12 (GGC-->AGC). Another frequent mutation occurred at the first position of codon 61 (CAG-->GAG). The changes in c-Ha-ras were associated with the emergence of colony formation in agar-methocel, but no specific changes in this gene correlated with the emergence of invasiveness or tumorigenesis, indicating that other genes may be involved in the process.
License plate location method based on texture and color (2013)

License plate location (LPL) from moving vehicle images is a key step in license plate recognition (LPR) system. A novel LPL algorithm is proposed in this paper to jointly consider color and texture distribution features of license plate area (LPA) in an image. The method is divided into two steps of detecting vehicles through background subtraction method and locating LPA by combining texture features and color features respectively. Experimental results show that this method can efficiently overcome the limitation of vehicles with complicated background, and can consequently achieve high detection rate in complex situations.
Reversible fatty acid conjugation of budesonide. Novel mechanism for prolonged retention of topically applied steroid in airway tissue. (1998)

A high airway concentration might be required for the antiasthmatic efficacy of inhaled glucocorticosteroids (GCS). The topical uptake and retention of GCS in airway tissue were compared for GCS of the inhaled type [budesonide (BUD), fluticasone propionate (FP), and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP)] and of the noninhaled type (dexamethasone and hydrocortisone). 3H-labeled GCS solutions were administered into rat airways by either perfusion of trachea in vivo, intratracheal instillation, or inhalation. Radioactivity was determined in the airway tissue, lung parenchyma, and plasma 20 min to 24 hr after exposure. Ethanol extracts of exposed tracheas were analyzed by HPLC. Exposed tracheas were also incubated in vitro in buffer, and the released radioactivity was analyzed by HPLC. BUD, FP, and BDP were equally well taken up into the airway tissue; their uptake was 25-130 times greater than that of dexamethasone and hydrocortisone. BUD was shown to form very lipophilic intracellular fatty acid esters (at carbon 21) in the airway and lung tissue after topical application. In large airways 20 min after administration, approximately 70-80% of retained BUD was conjugated. BUD stored in esterified form in the tissue was retained in large airways for a prolonged time, compared with FP and BDP, which do not form such conjugates. The fatty acid conjugation of BUD is reversible in vivo; BUD conjugates are gradually hydrolyzed and free BUD is regenerated. This reversible conjugation may improve airway selectivity, as well as prolong the local anti-inflammatory action of BUD in the airways and might be one explanation for why BUD is efficacious in the treatment of mild asthma when inhaled once daily.
Towards Systems Beyond 3G Based on Adaptive OFDMA Transmission (2007)

High data rates, high spectral efficiency, flexibility, and low delays over the air interface will be important features in next-generation wireless systems. The overall challenge will be packet scheduling and adaptive radio transmission for multiple users, via multiple antennas and over frequency-selective wideband channels. This problem needs to be structured to obtain feasible solutions. The basic simplifying assumptions used here are clustering of antennas into cells, orthogonal transmission by use of cyclic-prefix orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and a time-scale separation view of the total link adaptation, scheduling and intercell coordination problem. Based on these assumptions, we survey techniques that adapt the transmission to the temporal, frequency, and spatial channel properties. We provide a systematic overview of the design problems, such as the dimensioning of the allocated time-frequency resources, the influence of duplexing schemes, adaptation control issues for downlinks and uplinks, timing issues, and their relation to the required performance of channel predictors. Specific design choices are illustrated by recent research within the Swedish Wireless IP program and the EU IST-WINNER project. The presented results indicate that high-performance adaptive OFDM transmission systems are indeed feasible, also for challenging scenarios that involve vehicular velocities, high carrier frequencies, and high bandwidths.
FLoSAR: A new concept for Synthetic Aperture Radar (2008)

The main idea that motivates this study is to improve the resolution of a radar mounted on an airplane, looking in the forward direction: this can be obtained by forming a synthetic array along the airplane line of flight. We term this new concept as ldquoForward-Looking Synthetic Aperture Radarrdquo (FLoSAR). We present a feasibility study that analyses the system geometry, evaluates the achievable resolution and the required pulse repetition frequency, and we discuss ambiguity problems.
Conceptual and Practical Implications of Breast Tissue Geometry: Toward a More Effective, Less Toxic Therapy (2005)

Mathematics provides greater understanding of the complex process of tumorigenesis. Based on the Gompertzian phenomenon and the Norton-Simon hypothesis, enhanced cell kill can be obtained through a greater chemotherapy dose rate. Results from the 1995 Bonadonna et al. study and the CALGB/Intergroup C9741 study demonstrated that patients in the dose-dense arms had significantly longer disease-free survival and overall survival. Because of the demonstrated applicability of Gompertzian kinetics, attention has been turned to the etiology of the Gompertzian curve. Breast tumor dimensions, as with all tissue dimensions in biology, can be calculated by fractals. A less cell-dense tissue usually has a lower fractal dimension than a tissue with more cells (i.e., a higher cell density is usually due to a higher fractal dimension). Density is the number of cells divided by the tissue volume. When allowed to grow, the density of a tissue with a lower fractal dimension drops quickly. However, a tumor, since it has a higher fractal mass dimension, maintains a high density as it grows bigger, resulting in a more rapid growth rate and a larger final size. Fractal dimensions of infiltrating ductal adenocarcinomas of the breast are high (i.e., 2.98), which results in a very dense tissue compared with normal breast tissue (with a fractal dimension of about 2.25). As expected, the higher fractal dimension results in a high rate of growth. The reason for this high fractal dimension is that breast cancer can be considered as a conglomerate of many small Gompertzian tumors, each of which has a high cell density and hence ratio of mitosis to apoptosis. In mathematical terms, each component of the conglomerate can be considered a small metastasis in itself. Thus, the primary tumor is composed of multiple self-metastases that form around a seed from the tumor to itself. Conventional thinking is that cancers metastasize because they are large, but in fact it may be that they are large because they are self-metastatic. Many genes are associated with the biology of metastasis; these include: A) obligatory cancer genes (most of which regulate mitosis and mitotic rate); B) genes relating to self-metastasis and growth of tumors at local sites, conferring the ability to invade and grow with high cell density; and C) genes that relate to the ability of the cancer to metastasize to distant areas. Additionally, fibroblasts may send out abnormal growth signals causing abnormal breast tissue growth. Consequently, we are not only dealing with abnormal cancer cells, but also with the tissue that surrounds them, or the microenvironment, that is, the "Smith-Bissell" model. These new insights may lead us to change the thrust of our attack from genes involved in mitosis to those involved in metastasis, including metastasis to self, and to use and further improve dose-dense regimens.
Urban land-cover classification: an object based perspective (2003)

Up to date and accurate urban land cover information is needed in a variety of applications, e.g. urban planning and management. However, depending on traditional surveying tools, especially in large metropolitan cities, to produce such date is a time consuming and expensive task. This has initiated the need to classify remotely sensed data to extract urban land cover information. A new classification approach (object based) has been recently proposed and is currently being investigated. In this research the classification accuracy of object-based classification is tested against statistical classifiers using two images (Landsat and IRS). Results have shown that object based classification yields better classification results.
Prefiltered Space-Time M-BCJR Equalizer for Frequency-Selective Channels (2001)

Note: inproceedings Reference LICOS-CONF-2001-001 Record created on 2006-12-11, modified on 2016-08-08
Natural antioxidants isolated from Eucalyptus leaf waxes (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNatural antioxidants isolated from Eucalyptus leaf waxesToshihiko Osawa and Mitsuo NamikiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1985, 33, 5, 777–780Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00065a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00065a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views910Altmetric-Citations187LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thiocarbonylthio Compounds (SC(Z)S−R) in Free Radical Polymerization with Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT Polymerization). Effect of the Activating Group Z (2003)

Free-radical polymerization in the presence of suitable addition−fragmentation chain transfer agents [SC(Z)S−R] (RAFT agents) possess the characteristics of a living polymerization (i.e., polymer products can be reactivated for chain extension and/or block synthesis, molecular weights are predetermined by RAFT agent concentration and conversion, narrow polydispersities are possible). Styrene polymerizations (110 °C, thermal initiation) were performed for two series of RAFT agents [SC(Z)S−CH2Ph and SC(Z)S−C(Me)2CN]. The chain transfer coefficients decrease in the series where Z is Ph > SCH2Ph ∼ SMe ∼ Me ∼ N-pyrrolo ≫ OC6F5 > N-lactam > OC6H5 > O(alkyl) ≫ N(alkyl)2 (only the first five in this series provide narrow polydispersity polystyrene (< 1.2) in batch polymerization). More generally, chain transfer coefficients decrease in the series dithiobenzoates > trithiocarbonates ∼ dithioalkanoates > dithiocarbonates (xanthates) > dithiocarbamates. However, electron-withdrawing substituents on Z can enhance the activity of RAFT agents to modify the above order. Thus, substituents that render the oxygen or nitrogen lone pair less available for delocalization with the CS can substantially enhance the effectiveness of xanthates or dithiocarbamates, respectively. The trend in relative effectiveness of the RAFT agents is rationalized in terms of interaction of Z with the CS double bond to activate or deactivate that group toward free radical addition. Molecular orbital calculations and the estimated LUMO energies of the RAFT agents can be used in a qualitative manner to predict the effect of the Z substituent on the activity of RAFT agents.
Synthesis and Biological Properties of Mannosylated Starburst Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers (1997)

Starburst PAMAM dendrimers ending with mannopyranoside residues were readily synthesized in large scale and good yields from commercially available dendrimers bearing high-density amine functionality on their surface and p-isothiocyanatophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside. The first four generations of this novel class of monodispersed neoglycoconjugates having up to 32 mannoside units were evaluated as ligands for the phytohemagglutinins from concanavalin A (Con A) and Pisum sativum (pea lectin) using enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) and turbidimetric analyses. The binding properties of these glycodendrimers, together with reference monosaccharides, were determined using yeast mannan as a coating antigen and peroxidase-labeled lectins. These mannosylated dendrimers were demonstrated to be potent inhibitors with IC50 values 400 times better than those of monomeric methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside taken as a standard. Their lipophilic character was shown to be sufficient for their direct use as coating antigens in microtiter plate assays. Moreover, their ability to bind and form insoluble carbohydrate-lectin complexes was also demonstrated by radial double immunodiffusion and turbidimetric analyses. Furthermore, the ability of these ligands to selectively precipitate a mannose-binding protein (Con A) from a crude lectin mixture was also demonstrated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). These multivalent neoglycoconjugates were shown to constitute novel biochromatography materials of high affinity for the easy isolation of carbohydrate-binding proteins.
Preparation and characterization of acrylates and polyacrylates having variable fluorine contents and distributions (1994)

Abstract Five acrylic esters having different fluorine contents and distributions in their side‐groups (i.e., CH 2 =CHC(O)OR, where R = C(CH 3 ) 2 C 6 F 4 H, C(CH 3 ) 2 C 6 F 5 , C(CF 3 ) 2 C 6 F 5 , C(CF 3 ) 2 C 6 H 5 , and C(CH 3 ) 2 C 6 H 5 ) have been prepared from the reactions of the lithium salts of their corresponding alcohols with acryloyl chloride. These monomers are polymerized under identical conditions by the radical initiator AIBN and five polyacrylates were prepared having the structure of  [ CH 2 CHC(O)OR] n . These addition polymers were compared and fully characterized by GPC, VPO, DSC, TGA, NMR, IR, and UV‐visible spectroscopies, and they showed potential for practical applications. Significant differences in their thermal stabilities were found with respect to fluorine contents and distributions in these polyacrylates, and the highest stability arises from CF 3 substitutions in the side‐chains of the polymers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preface (1998)

The steady advances in computing technology for over a decade have brought about a revolution in the way we use computers in our everyday life. The progress to date has also succeeded in modernizing businesses and solving problems that were previously intractable. The advances in multimedia systems, however, promise an even greater change in the personal usage of computers. The ability to deliver and process audio and video with devices that can reside in a person's home or office will enhance the way we conduct business, obtain education, and entertain ourselves. While the promise of multimedia technology has been evident for quite some time, today we are much wiser about the barriers that have to be overcome for successful deployment of multimedia applications.
Vaccines, Vaccination, and Vaccinology (2003)

Although the demonstration in 1796 by Edward Jenner that vaccinia virus could protect against smallpox was epochal, he was following the path opened by the ancients who had used the smallpox virus itself in the practice of variolation. The work of Louis Pasteur on chicken cholera opened the way to vaccine development in the laboratory. In April 1880, Pasteur reported to the French Academy of Science that “…chicken cholera is produced by a microscopic parasite [now known as Pasteurella multocida], that there exists an attenuated virus [Pasteur was using “virus” in the ancient sense of the word] of that disease, and that one or more inoculations of this attenuated virus can preserve the animals from the mortal effects of a later inoculation … let me be permitted to use the word ‘vaccinate’ to express the act of inoculating a chicken with the attenuated virus” [1]. Thus, the word “vaccinate” was extended beyond vaccinia and came to have its modern meaning. Today, epidemic infectious diseases of children for which there are vaccines have virtually disappeared from industrialized countries such as the United States. These are remarkable successes, which together with clean water and antibiotics have profoundly affected human society [2]. In addition, a new field of microbiology and immunology has evolved, called “vaccinology,” that comprises not only vaccine development but also the use of vaccines and their effects on public health [3]. Here, I will briefly cover some aspects of the past, discuss 5 current issues in vaccinology, and then turn to the future.
Structure in turbulent mixing layers and wakes using a chemical reaction (1981)

Plane turbulent mixing between two streams of water which contained dilute chemical reactants was studied in a new blow-down water tunnel. In a diffusion-limited reaction, a pH indicator, phenolphthalein, in one stream mixed and reacted with a base, sodium hydroxide, in the other stream to form a visible reaction product. The product was found to exist, as expected, in concentrated regions associated with the large, span-wise-coherent structures of the turbulence. A transition in the mixing was observed in which the aqueous mixing product increased by an order of magnitude. The transition is a consequence of the appearance and development of small-scale three-dimensional motions in the flow. Downstream of the transition, the amount of mixing product was independent of Reynolds number (for an order-of-magnitude increase in the latter) and at most only weakly dependent on Schmidt number.