gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Software Transactional Memory as a Building Block for Parallel Embedded Real-Time Systems (2011)

The recent trends of chip architectures with higher number of heterogeneous cores, and non-uniform memory/non-coherent caches, brings renewed attention to the use of Software Transactional Memory (STM) as a fundamental building block for developing parallel applications. Nevertheless, although STM promises to ease concurrent and parallel software development, it relies on the possibility of aborting conflicting transactions to maintain data consistency, which impacts on the responsiveness and timing guarantees required by embedded real-time systems. In these systems, contention delays must be (efficiently) limited so that the response times of tasks executing transactions are upper-bounded and task sets can be feasibly scheduled. In this paper we assess the use of STM in the development of embedded real-time software, defending that the amount of contention can be reduced if read-only transactions access recent consistent data snapshots, progressing in a wait-free manner. We show how the required number of versions of a shared object can be calculated for a set of tasks. We also outline an algorithm to manage conflicts between update transactions that prevents starvation.
Medicinal Foodstuffs. XXVII. Saponin Constituents of Gotu Kola (2): Structures of New Ursane- and Oleanane-Type Triterpene Oligoglycosides, Centellasaponins B, C, and D, from Centella asiatica Cultivated in Sri Lanka. (2001)

Ursane- and oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, centellasaponins B, C, and D, were isolated from the aerial parts of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban cultivated in Sri Lanka together with madecassoside, asiaticoside, asiaticoside B, and sceffoleoside A. The chemical structures of centellasaponins B, C, and D were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence to be madecassic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, madasiatic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 3beta,6beta,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.
Channel spaser: Coherent excitation of one-dimensional plasmons from quantum dots located along a linear channel (2011)

We show that net amplification of surface plasmons is achieved in channel in a metal plate due to nonradiative excitation by quantum dots. This makes possible lossless plasmon transmission lines in the channel as well as the amplification and generation of coherent surface plasmons. As an example, a ring channel spaser is considered.
Glycolipid receptors for attachment of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to porcine respiratory ciliated cells (1994)

Glycolipid receptors for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae attachment were analyzed by using a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) overlay assay. M. hyopneumoniae bound specifically to sulfatide, globoside, and monosialoganglioside GM3. No binding to sphingomyelin, cerebroside, lactosyl ceramide, ceramide trihexoside, monosialogangliosides GM1 and GM2, disialogangliosides (GD1a, GD1b, and GD3), trisialoganglioside (GT1b), cholesterol, cholesterol sulfate, palmitic acid, tripalmitin, or cholesteryl palmitate was detected. Total lipids extracted from cilia of the swine respiratory epithelium, the natural targets of M. hyopneumoniae infection, were also separated on TLC plates and overlaid with mycoplasmas. M. hyopneumoniae bound specifically to three ciliary glycolipids identified as La, Lb, and Lc. Binding to Lc was stronger than to La and Lb. All three lipids were believed to be sulfated glycolipids, as determined by laminin binding and staining with azure A. Lc was identified as a putative sulfatide because it has a mobility similar to that of authentic sulfatide and comigrated with sulfatide on TLC plates. Laminin bound to La, Lb, and Lc and produced dose-dependent inhibition of adherence of the mycoplasma to the three ciliary receptors. Binding of the mycoplasma to sulfatide, La, Lb, and Lc was partially inhibited by dextran sulfate, heparin, fucoidan, mucin, and chondroitin sulfate B. These substances blocked the adherence of M. hyopneumoniae to cilia and ciliated cells as shown in a previous study (Q. Zhang, T. F. Young, and R. F. Ross, Infect. Immun. 62:1616-1622, 1994). These results indicate that La, Lb, and Lc are the major native receptors for M. hyopneumoniae adherence to ciliated cells.
Chattering Cells: Superficial Pyramidal Neurons Contributing to the Generation of Synchronous Oscillations in the Visual Cortex (1996)

In response to visual stimulation, a subset of neurons in the striate and prestriate cortex displays synchronous rhythmic firing in the gamma frequency band (20 to 70 hertz). This finding has raised two fundamental questions: What is the functional significance of synchronous gamma-band activity and how is it generated? This report addresses the second of these two questions. By means of intracellular recording and staining of single cells in the cat striate cortex in vivo, a biophysically distinct class of pyramidal neuron termed "chattering cells" is described. These neurons are located in the superficial layers of the cortex, intrinsically generate 20- to 70-hertz repetitive burst firing in response to suprathreshold depolarizing current injection, and exhibit pronounced oscillations in membrane potential during visual stimulation that are largely absent during periods of spontaneous activity. These properties suggest that chattering cells may make a substantial intracortical contribution to the generation of synchronous cortical oscillations and thus participate in the recruitment of large populations of cells into synchronously firing assemblies.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Lipids and Enrichment of DHA from Freshwater Fish Processing Wastes in Thailand (2014)

Nowadays, an awareness of health benefits of omega-3 has been found. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially DHA, are more attention due to their role in human health. Hence, this study investigated the potential of by-products as freshwater fish source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs). The by-products of processing accounted for approximately 55% of the catfish industry. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the by-products at 35 MPa, 40 ◦ C, ethanol (95%, v/v) as the co-solvent, and the mass ratio of by-products to co-solvent as 1:1 generated a lipid yield at 30.9% and 21.5 % docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Additionally, urea complexation was an effective tool to enrich and purify DHA from lipids. DHA purity increased from 21.5% to 38.4% under the optimum complexation condition.
Self-diagnosing intelligent motors: a key enabler for next generation manufacturing systems (1999)

One of the significant trends changing the landscape of manufacturing systems is the migration toward devices. The low cost of microprocessors, memory, and I/O provides for embedding intelligence into remote, distributed components of a manufacturing process. These remote components may be sensors (e.g. sensors) or actuators (e.g. motors). Another important trend we see is the growing importance on machinery reliability and condition-based maintenance (CBM) strategies. Several manufacturers provide a controller with a for variable speed operation. This integrated motor provides a compact package for distributed control. We believe significant opportunity lies in integrating low-cost sensors and processors within industrial machinery, such as a and enabling the machine to continuously monitor its own health. The capability of a for self-diagnosis through distributed intelligence is called an intelligent motor. The capability of an device provides for establishing the health of the machinery and its operation and in addition also enables establishing the future state of the machine (failure prediction). Intelligent devices also provide for establishing the health of connected machinery and to evaluate the performance of the driven, connected, process. Finally, these devices provide valuable state estimation data that enables superior closed-loop control and promotes fail-safe machinery operation. The implication of these new self-diagnosing technologies are far reaching and include reducing maintenance costs, providing process optimization and enhancing process quality, insuring reliable machinery operation and improving operating safety and safe-guarding the environment. Collectively, these technologies pave the way for the effective implementation of next generation manufacturing strategies.
Variable V/sub CC/ design techniques for battery-operated DRAMs (1993)

Wide-voltage-range DRAMs with extended data retention are desirable for battery-operated or portable computers and consumer devices. The techniques required to obtain wide operation, functionality, and performance of standard DRAMs from 1.8 V (two NiCd or alkaline batteries) to 3.6 V (upper end of LVTTL standard) are described. Specific techniques shown are: (1) a low-power and low-voltage reference generator for detecting V/sub CC/ level; (2) compensation of DC generators, V/sub BB/ and V/sub PP/, for obtaining high speed at reduced voltages; (3) a static word-line driver and latch-isolation sense amplifier for reducing operating current; and (4) a programmable V/sub CC/ variable self-refresh scheme for obtaining maximum data retention time over a full operating range. A sub-50-ns access time is obtained for a 16 M DRAM (2 M*8) by simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
African swine fever virus CD2v and C-type lectin gene loci mediate serological specificity (2014)

African swine fever (ASF) is an emerging disease threat for the swine industry worldwide. No ASF vaccine is available and progress is hindered by lack of knowledge concerning the extent of ASF virus (ASFV) strain diversity and the viral antigens responsible for protection in the pig. Available data from vaccination/challenge experiments in pigs indicate ASF protective immunity is haemadsorption inhibition (HAI) serotype-specific. A better understanding of ASFV HAI serological groups and their diversity in nature, as well as improved methods to serotype ASFV isolates, is needed. Here, we demonstrated that the genetic locus encoding ASFV CD2v and C-type lectin proteins mediates HAI serological specificity and that CD2v/C-type lectin genotyping provides a simple method to group ASFVs by serotype, thus facilitating study of ASFV strain diversity in nature, and providing information necessary for eventual vaccine design, development and efficacious use.
Fatigue in chronic illness: the experience of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and with asthma (1999)

Although fatigue has been identified as a major problem for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and with asthma, no research was found in which the symptom was directly studied in persons with these conditions. From studies carried out on various patient populations, it appears that fatigue has some specificity to disease state. Thus, it is important to describe the experience of fatigue within patient populations. To expand theoretical understanding of fatigue, qualitative research methods need to be applied. The purpose of this study therefore was to describe and compare the fatigue experiences of persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=17) and with asthma (n=19). Data were obtained by use of a semi-structured questionnaire and were content analysed for categories and themes. There were many similarities between the fatigue experiences of the two groups. Fatigue is inextricably linked to laboured breathing. Although it interferes with their ability to carry out meaningful activities, the majority of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma cope well with it. The informants identified two types of coping strategies they use to manage their situation, which may be categorized as: problem-focused, including energy conservation, utilization and restoration; and emotion-focused, including being positive, accepting the physical limitations, distracting and normalizing.
A Novel Downlink Coordination Scheme for CoMP SU-MIMO (2011)

Coordinated multiple point transmission/reception (CoMP) is considered as an effective approach for inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) in LTE-A, which can improve cell-edge and average cell throughputs. In this paper, a novel downlink coordination scheme consisting of two steps was proposed for CoMP single-user multi-input multi-output (CoMP SU-MIMO). Firstly, combining the conventional network-defined method with UE-specific one, we proposed a CoMP Cooperation Set (CCS) selection method which could provide most of the achievable throughput gain with lower complexity. Secondly, a resource allocation scheme was provided for the coordination among overlapping CCSs, by inheriting the idea of fair treatment for cell-center users and cell-edge users and conquering the limitation of the conventional schemes which could be only used for non-overlapping CCS method. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme could increase the system throughput significantly as well as improve the fairness between cell-center users and cell-edge users compared with the existing schemes.
Theory of delocalized ionic binding to polynucleotides: Structural and excluded‐volume effects (1992)

A previously developed theory for the delocalized binding of ions to polyelectrolytes was restricted to point ions and a structurally rigid polyelectrolyte. For the binding of substances like oligolysines and polyamines to DNA, the restriction to point ions would appear not to be realistic. For the binding of ions to flexible chains like single-stranded polynucleotides, the restriction to a rigid polyelectrolyte may not be realistic. In this article, we assess the effect of relaxation of these two restrictions. Excluded volume among bound ions is modeled by a hard-rod potential in the context of the theory of a one-dimensional fluid. The possibility that a flexible chain folds in some manner in the immediate vicinity of a bound ion is modeled by allowing the mean spacing between charged groups on the polymer to become smaller as the number of bound ions increases. We compare our results with recent data on the binding of a series of oligolysines to single-stranded polynucleotides, which conflict with the predictions of the original theory of delocalized binding of point ions to rigid polyelectrolytes. Inclusion of excluded volume among bound ions does not significantly improve agreement with the data. Substantial improvement in the level of agreement is obtained when the polyion chain is assumed to be flexible. One of our conclusions is that the excluded-site description of anticooperativity, which was designed for the binding of ligands to discrete sites on a polymer chain, and which does not include the effect of ionic forces, should not be used in cases of delocalized binding of ions.
Study of Mechanical, Thermal and Micro structural Properties of EPDM/Polypropylene/Nano clay Composites with Variable Compatibilizer Dosage (2016)

Thermoplastic elastomers are a special class of polymeric materials that combine the properties of thermo plasticity during processing and rubber-like behaviour in service. They can be processed in conventional plastic processing equipment, such as twin screw extruders, internal batch mixers, extruders and injection moulding machine, but exhibit vulcanized rubber like ultimate properties (i.e. long-range reversible extensibility) immediately on cooling. Dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic nanocomposites (TPV- NC) based on melt intercalated hybrid ethylene-propylene diene rubber (EPDM)/maleic anhydride (MA) grafting and polypropylene (PP) with nanoclay were prepared. Nanoclay acts as a nucleating agent for polypropylene crystallization; they also form physical interlocking between EPDM/Polypropylene blends which serve the function of compatibalization along with EPDM – g – Maleic anhydride. Results from X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermo gravimetric analysis and mechanical properties, reflect upon the microstructure developed during dynamic cross linking. The nanoclay forms intercalated and exfoliated structures in the EPDM/PP / EPDM-g-MA nanoclay hybrid thermoplastic vulcanizates. The EPDM/PP TPV nanocomposites show a matrix-disperse type of morphology in which the cross linked EPDM particles appear in the form of agglomerates covered by a layer of PP nanoclay composites. This has been assigned to the formation of a
Evidence that the Fosfomycin-Producing Epoxidase, HppE, Is a Non–Heme-Iron Peroxidase (2013)

The iron-dependent epoxidase HppE converts (S)-2-hydroxypropyl-1-phosphonate (S-HPP) to the antibiotic fosfomycin [(1R,2S)-epoxypropylphosphonate] in an unusual 1,3-dehydrogenation of a secondary alcohol to an epoxide. HppE has been classified as an oxidase, with proposed mechanisms differing primarily in the identity of the O2-derived iron complex that abstracts hydrogen (H•) from C1 of S-HPP to initiate epoxide ring closure. We show here that the preferred cosubstrate is actually H2O2 and that HppE therefore almost certainly uses an iron(IV)-oxo complex as the H• abstractor. Reaction with H2O2 is accelerated by bound substrate and produces fosfomycin catalytically with a stoichiometry of unity. The ability of catalase to suppress the HppE activity previously attributed to its direct utilization of O2 implies that reduction of O2 and utilization of the resultant H2O2 were actually operant.
Interaction of Curcumin with Phosphatidylcholine: A Spectrofluorometric Study (1999)

Curcumin [1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3, 5-dione], the main constituent of the rhizomes of the plant Curcume longa L. (turmeric), is a powerful antioxidant in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems. The interactions of curcumin with egg and soy phosphatidylcholine were followed by fluorescence spectroscopy. Curcumin had very weak fluorescence in aqueous system, which was enhanced in apolar environments. Curcumin emitted at 490 nm after being excited at 451 nm in phosphatidylcholine micelles. The equilibrium constants for the interaction of curcumin with egg and soy phosphatidylcholine were (3.26 +/- 0.2) x 10(5) and (2.64 +/- 0.2) x 10(5) M(-1), respectively. From the Scatchard plot of the fluorometric data, it was inferred that one molecule of curcumin could bind six molecules of phosphatidylcholine. The equilibrium constant for the phosphatidylcholine-curcumin interaction decreased with temperature, indicating the amphiphilic nature of curcumin. The DeltaG, DeltaH, and DeltaS values obtained for the interaction of egg phosphatidylcholine-curcumin were -7.8 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol, -9.6 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol, and -6.8 +/- 0.2 cal/mol/K, respectively. The fluorescence anisotropy measurements of curcumin with phosphatidylcholine suggested that the anisotropy of the curcumin molecule did not change in phosphatidylcholine. The interaction of divalent metal ions with phosphatidylcholine-curcumin in comparison with phosphatidylcholine-1-anilino-8-naphathalenesulfonic acid complex suggested the strong binding of curcumin to metal ions.
Series of Ninety-Two Traumatic Cervical Spine Injuries Stabilized with Anterior ASIF Plate Fusion Technique (1991)

This report details the results of 92 patients who underwent a single anterior procedure involving appropriate anterior decompression, tricortical inlay bone grafting, and application of anteriorly applied cervical vertebral plates and screws for the treatment of their acute lower cervical spine trauma. This allowed for needed anterior spinal decompression, correction of deformity, and excellent initial stability. A lightweight SOMI orthosis was used in the immediate postoperative period and continuing for 3 months on average. Follow-up detected a less than 2% incidence of significant complications related specifically to the use of anterior hardware and an excellent fusion rate (98.9%) occurring on average at 3.2 months postoperatively. Anterior decompression, bone grafting, and metallic osteosynthesis are thought to provide a valuable means of treating acute lower cervical spine trauma.
Downregulation of BRCA1 protein in BCR-ABL1 leukemia cells depends on stress-triggered TIAR-mediated suppression of translation (2014)

BRCA1 tumor suppressor regulates crucial cellular processes involved in DNA damage repair and cell cycle control. We showed that expression of BCR-ABL1 correlates with decreased level of BRCA1 protein, which promoted aberrant mitoses and aneuploidy as well as altered DNA damage response. Using polysome profiling and luciferase-BRCA1 3'UTR reporter system here we demonstrate that downregulation of BRCA1 protein in CML is caused by inhibition of BRCA1 mRNA translation, but not by increased protein degradation or reduction of mRNA level and half-life. We investigated 2 mRNA-binding proteins - HuR and TIAR showing specificity to AU-Rich Element (ARE) sites in 3'UTR of mRNA. BCR-ABL1 promoted cytosolic localization of TIAR and HuR, their binding to BRCA1 mRNA and formation of the TIAR-HuR complex. HuR protein positively regulated BRCA1 mRNA stability and translation, conversely TIAR negatively regulated BRCA1 translation and was found localized predominantly in the cytosolic stress granules in CML cells. TIAR-dependent downregulation of BRCA1 protein level was a result of ER stress, which is activated in BCR-ABL1 expressing cells, as we previously shown. Silencing of TIAR in CML cells strongly elevated BRCA1 level. Altogether, we determined that TIAR-mediated repression of BRCA1 mRNA translation is responsible for downregulation of BRCA1 protein level in BCR-ABL1 -positive leukemia cells. This mechanism may contribute to genomic instability and provide justification for targeting PARP1 and/or RAD52 to induce synthetic lethality in "BRCAness" CML and BCR-ABL1 -positive ALL cells.
Synthesis and evaluation of κ<sup>2</sup>-β-diketonate and β-ketoesterate tungsten(<scp>vi</scp>) oxo-alkoxide complexes as precursors for chemical vapor deposition of WO<sub>x</sub> thin films (2016)

Reactions of [WO(OR)4]x (x = 1, 2) complexes with bidentate ligands (LH = acacH, tbacH, dpmH, tbpaH) afforded complexes : [WO(OCH3)3(acac) (); WO(OCH2CH3)3(acac) (); WO(OCH(CH3)2)3(acac) (); WO(OCH3)3(tbac) (); WO(OCH2CH3)3(tbac) (); WO(OCH(CH3)2)3(tbac) (); WO(OCH2CH3)3(dpm) (); WO(OCH(CH3)2)3(dpm) (); WO(OCH2C(CH3)3)3(acac) (); WO(OCH2C(CH3)3)3(tbac) (); WO(OCH2C(CH3)3)3(dpm) (); WO(OCH2C(CH3)3)3(tbpa) (); WO(OC(CH3)3)3(tbac) ()]. The synthesis is facilitated by the lability of the bridging ligands of the [WO(OR)4]2 complexes in solution, which provides a pathway for exchange of L with an alkoxide ligand. Thermogravimetric analysis and the conditions for sublimation or distillation of demonstrate that they have sufficient vapor pressure and thermal stability for volatilization in a conventional Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) reactor. High solubility in hydrocarbon and ether solvents establishes that the complexes are also potential candidates for Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (AACVD). AACVD from on ITO or bare glass resulted in growth of continuous, dense and amorphous thin films of substoichiometric WOx between 250-350 °C and nanorods of W18O49 above 350 °C.