gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A functional and immunological analysis of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (1991)

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) is a cell cycle regulated protein involved in DNA replication. The cDNA of rat PCNA was subcloned in various expression vectors. A fusion protein of PCNA with p-galactosidase was produced by subcloning rat PCNA cDNA in plasmid pUR288. The PCNA cDNA was also expressed as protein A fusion protein. PCNA in an unfused form was produced by subcloning rat PCNA cDNA in a T7 polymerase based expression system. These bacterially expressed fusion proteins were used to immunise Balb/c mice which were then used to raise monoclonal antibodies against PCNA. Eleven new monoclonal anti-PCNA antibodies were raised and designated PC1 to PC11. All the eleven antibodies recognised denatured antigen on a western blot. Ten antibodies recognised native antigen in an immunoprecipitation reaction. Antibodies PC4, PC7 and PC9 do not stearically compete with the rest of the anti-PCNA antibodies. Immunofluorescence studies performed with these antibodies showed three distinct patterns. A large group comprising of PC1, PC2, PCS, PC4, PCS, PC6, PCS, PC10 and PC11 showed nuclear staining which showed cell cycle variation. PC7 failed to give any positive reaction on immunofluorescence while PC9 showed only nucleolar staining. Monoclonal antibodies PC2, PC3, PCS, PCS and PC10 recognised PCNA from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Spodoptera frugiperda. One of the antibodies showing strongest reactivity with PCNA in S. pombe, PC10, was used to screen a S. pombe lamda gt11 library. A cDNA of PCNA homologue in S. pombe was isolated. Sequence comparison with other known PCNA cDNA showed that this cDNA was incomplete at its 5'end. This was then used to screen a S. pombe genomic library. A PCNA gene was isolated, sequenced and analysed. This 2.1 kb gene contains a single intron. Gene disruption experiments were carried out in S. pombe. The PCNA gene was found to be essential for the viability of S. pombe.
A neurophysiology-inspired steady-state color appearance model (2009)

Color appearance models predict how a patch of color is perceived under specific illumination. We derive a new model based on neuroscientific insights, leading to a simpler explanation of color appearance while at the same time predicting existing psychophysical data with similar accuracy for chroma and higher accuracy for lightness and hue.
Studies on thermally stimulated shape memory effect of segmented polyurethanes (1997)

The shape memory behavior of a series of polycaprolactone/methane diisocyanate/butanediol (PCL/MDI/BDO) segmented polyurethanes of different composition was studied. The molecular weight of PCL diols was in the range of 1600–7000, and the hard segment content varied from 7.8 to 27% by weight. Film specimens for shape memory measurements were prepared by drawing at temperatures above the melting temperature of the soft segment crystals and subsequent quick cooling to room temperature under constrained conditions. The shape memory process was observed and recorded in a heating process. Parameters describing the recovery temperature, ability, and speed were used to study the influence of structure and processing conditions on the shape memory behavior of the sample. It was found that the high crystallinity of the soft segment regions at room temperature and the formation of stable hard segment domains acting as physical crosslinks in the temperature range above the melting temperature of the soft segment crystals are the two necessary conditions for a segmented copolymer with shape memory behavior. The response temperature of shape memory is dependent on the melting temperature of the soft segment crystals. The final recovery rate and the recovery speed are mainly related to the stability of the hard segment domains under stretching and are dependent on the hard segment content of the copolymers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1511–1516, 1997
A transient analytical model for predicting the redistribution of injected interstitials (1990)

A general formal transient solution to the linear boundary value problem which governs the transport of interstitials injected into an arbitrary bounded domain from oxidizing segments on the surface is presented. An explicit expression for the Green's function which appears as the kernel in the integral representation of the general transient solution is given for a simple domain of interest in the study of oxidation-enhanced diffusion (OED). By combining this explicit expression for the Green's function with the general formal solution, a transient analytical model for predicting the redistribution of interstitials injected into the simple domain from a single oxidizing segment is obtained. An illustrated example important to OED is considered and results obtained with the model and by approximations to the model are compared. Also, the results obtained with the SUPREM-IV program are presented for comparison.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A High Performance K-Band Diplexer using High-Q Micromachined Cavities (2000)

Microwave diplexers are often used on transmit / receive systems to isolate a power transmit stage from a sensitive receive stage sharing a common antenna. With the ever-increasing need for efficient bandwidth usage, diplexers exhibiting close channel spacing, low insertion loss and small channel bandwidths are increasingly necessary. Utilizing two high Q cavity resonators, a Duroid-based high performance diplexer has been designed, fabricated and measured. This diplexer shows transmit / receive bandwidths of 2.39% and 1.8% and insertion losses of 2.38dB and 2.89dB, respectively. Channel center frequencies of 18.8GHz and 20.7GHz provide a channel separation of approximately 9% and channel to channel isolation greater than 24dB. Utilizing machined aluminum cavities and a Duroid substrate the diplexer design provides insight into cavity based diplexer construction, allowing for the design of a silicon based micromachined cavity diplexer. Simulation results from this silicon-based diplexer are also presented.
In Vivo Augmentation of Tumor-Specific CTL Responses by Class I/Peptide Antigen Complexes on Microspheres (Large Multivalent Immunogen) (2003)

Tumor membrane Ag immobilized on cell size microspheres (large multivalent immunogen (LMI)) was previously shown to augment tumor-specific CTL activity and reduce tumor growth, and a clinical trial examining this approach is in progress. In the current study, LMI treatment has been examined using adoptive transfer of TCR-transgenic CD8 T cells to visualize Ag-specific cells during the response. OT-I T cells specific for H-2K(b)/OVA(257-264) were transferred into mice that were then challenged with LMI made by immobilizing H-2K(b)/OVA(257-264) on microspheres (K(b)/OVA(257-264)-LMI) alone, or along with i.p. challenge with OVA-expressing E.G7 tumor. K(b)/OVA(257-264)-LMI caused significant reduction of tumor growth when administered to E.G7-bearing mice. When administered alone, the K(b)/OVA(257-264)-LMI caused only weak clonal expansion of OT-I cells in the spleen and lymph nodes, although most of the OT-I cells up-regulated expression of CD44 and VLA-4. In contrast, K(b)/OVA(257-264)-LMI administration to E.G7-bearing mice stimulated no detectable expansion of OT-I cells in the spleen and lymph nodes but caused a rapid increase in the number of OT-I cells in the peritoneal cavity, the site of the growing tumor. These results demonstrate the potential for using class I/tumor peptide complexes for immunotherapy. In addition, they suggest a model for the mechanism of CTL augmentation in which recognition of the LMI Ag results in altered trafficking of the tumor-specific CD8 T cells so that they reach the site of a growing tumor more rapidly and in greater numbers, where they may further expand and acquire effector function.
Computationally efficient angle estimation for signals with known waveforms (1995)

This paper presents a large sample decoupled maximum likelihood (DEML) angle estimator for uncorrelated narrowband plane waves with known waveforms and unknown amplitudes arriving at a sensor array in the presence of unknown and arbitrary spatially colored noise. The DEML estimator decouples the multidimensional problem of the exact ML estimator to a set of 1-D problems and, hence, is computationally efficient. We shall derive the asymptotic statistical performance of the DEML estimator and compare the performance with its Cramer-Rao bound (CRB), i.e., the best possible performance for the class of asymptotically unbiased estimators. We will show that the DEML estimator is asymptotically statistically efficient for uncorrelated signals with known waveforms. We will also show that for moderately correlated signals with known waveforms, the DEML estimator is no longer a large sample maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, but the DEML estimator may still be used for angle estimation, and the performance degradation relative to the CRB is small. We shall show that the DEML estimator can also be used to estimate the arrival angles of desired signals with known waveforms in the presence of interfering or jamming signals by modeling the interfering or jamming signals as random processes with an unknown spatial covariance matrix. Finally, several numerical examples showing the performance of the DEML estimator are presented in this paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An <i>E. coli</i> Promoter That Regulates Transcription by DNA Superhelix-Induced Cruciform Extrusion (1988)

DNA can form structures other than the Watson-Crick double helix. The potential contributions to gene regulation from one such structure have been investigated by assembling a promoter capable of adopting cruciform base-pairing. Transcription from this promoter by RNA polymerase in vitro was repressed as the cruciform was extruded by increasing negative DNA supercoiling. Transcription in vivo was induced as supercoiling was relaxed by growth in conditions that inhibit DNA gyrase. A DNA conformational change is therefore capable of regulating the initiation of transcription.
Quantitative Optical Imaging of Primary Tumor Organoid Metabolism Predicts Drug Response in Breast Cancer (2014)

There is a need for technologies to predict the efficacy of cancer treatment in individual patients. Here, we show that optical metabolic imaging of organoids derived from primary tumors can predict the therapeutic response of xenografts and measure antitumor drug responses in human tumor-derived organoids. Optical metabolic imaging quantifies the fluorescence intensity and lifetime of NADH and FAD, coenzymes of metabolism. As early as 24 hours after treatment with clinically relevant anticancer drugs, the optical metabolic imaging index of responsive organoids decreased (P < 0.001) and was further reduced when effective therapies were combined (P < 5 × 10(-6)), with no change in drug-resistant organoids. Drug response in xenograft-derived organoids was validated with tumor growth measurements in vivo and staining for proliferation and apoptosis. Heterogeneous cellular responses to drug treatment were also resolved in organoids. Optical metabolic imaging shows potential as a high-throughput screen to test the efficacy of a panel of drugs to select optimal drug combinations. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5184-94. ©2014 AACR.
Polysomnographic phenotyping of obstructive sleep apnea and its implications in mortality in Korea (2020)

Conventionally, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is used to define and categorize the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. However, routine polysomnography (PSG) includes multiple parameters for assessing the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. The goal of this study is to identify and categorize obstructive sleep apnea phenotypes using unsupervised learning methods from routine PSG data. We identified four clusters from 4,603 patients by using 29 PSG variable and arranged according to their mean AHI. Cluster 1, spontaneous arousal (mean AHI = 8.52/h); cluster 2, poor sleep and periodic limb movements (mean AHI = 12.16/h); cluster 3, hypopnea (mean AHI = 38.60/h); and cluster 4, hypoxia (mean AHI = 69.66/h). Conventional obstructive sleep apnea classification based on apnea-hypopnea index severity showed no significant difference in cardiovascular or cerebrovascular mortality (Log rank P = 0.331), while 4 clusters showed an overall significant difference (Log rank P = 0.009). The risk of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular mortality was significantly increased in cluster 2 (hazard ratio = 6.460, 95% confidence interval 1.734-24.073) and cluster 4 (hazard ratio = 4.844, 95% confidence interval 1.300-18.047) compared to cluster 1, which demonstrated the lowest mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and underlying medical condition, only cluster 4 showed significantly increased risk of mortality compared to cluster 1 (hazard ratio = 7.580, 95% confidence interval 2.104-34.620). Phenotyping based on numerous PSG parameters gives additional information on patients' risk evaluation. Physicians should be aware of PSG features for further understanding the pathophysiology and personalized treatment.
Anti-pasch and pasch steiner triple systems (1991)

This thesis concentrates on the study of anti-Pasch and Pasch Steiner triple systems and existence results / concerning these. After the introductory Chapter, Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5 treat anti-Pasch systems and the last the reverse problem of Pasch systems.\nChapter 1 introduces the basic concepts and definitions including fundamental results on Steiner systems and a brief survey of current knowledge on existence. Chapter 2 concerns the existence of a large set of anti-Pasch systems S(2, 3, v) for certain values of v. This is based on an old general construction for Steiner triple systems which are used to generate the large set. It is found that v is restricted by a number theoretic condition. This Chapter is contained in the paper by Grannell, Griggs, Phelan [G2.2].\nChapter 3 establishes the existence of anti-Pasch Steiner triple systems on v points for all v = 3 (mod 6). This is acheived via an extension of a construction due to Bose [Bi] and certain particular anti-Pasch systems. This work may be found in Griggs, Murphy, Phelan [G3.1]. Chapter 4 investigates the accompanying problem to that of the previous Chapter, anti-Pasch systems with v = 1 (mod 6).\nThis problem is not completely solved unlike that of Chapter 3 and we must content ourselves with classes of such systems. Such classes were found by Robinson [R2] and via a recursive procedure by Stinson and Wei [S3.3] which are both presented here. In addition an improvement of the latter result is given.\nChapter 5 looks at the construction of anti-Pasch systems on a countably infinite base set and after the description of all such Steiner triple systems (not necessarily anti- Pasch) it is proved that there is a large set of anti- Pasch countably infinite systems. This Chapter is contained in the paper by Grannell, Griggs, Phelan [G2.3].\nFinally Chapter 6 concerns the opposite problem of the existence of systems which may be resolved into Pasch configurations. After looking at the general Pasch content of triple systems as per Stinson and Wei [53.3] there is established the existence of infinite classes of Pasch-resolvable systems following work done by Griggs, de Resmini, Rosa [G3.2] and Griggs [G3.3].
Human serum deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) polymorphism: pattern similarities among isozymes from serum, urine, kidney, liver, and pancreas. (1990)

We have devised a zymogram method with high sensitivity and resolution for investigating molecular heterogeneity and genetic polymorphism of deoxyribonuclease I. A combination technique of polyacrylamide-gel isoelectric-focusing electrophoresis and the newly developed zymogram method have led to the discovery of genetic polymorphism of human serum DNase I. Family studies showed that the three common phenotypes--DNASE1 1, DNASE1 1-2, and DNASE1 2--and the other five relatively rare phenotypes--DNASE1 1-3, DNASE1 2-3, DNASE1 2-4, and DNASE1 3-4--represent homozygosity or heterozygosity for four autosomal codominant alleles, DNASE1 *1, DNASE1 *2, DNASE1 *3, and DNASE1 *4. The frequencies of DNASE1 *1, DNASE1 *2, DNASE1 *3, and DNASE1 *4 calculated in a Japanese population were .5517, .4358, .0104, and .0021, respectively. Moreover, it was found that urine and extracts of kidney, liver, and pancreas, as well as serum, can be used for DNase I phenotyping.
Dramatically Enhanced Photoresponse of Reduced Graphene Oxide with Linker-Free Anchored CdSe Nanoparticles (2010)

A linker-free connected reduced graphene oxide/CdSe nanoparticle (R-GO/CdSe NP) nanocomposite was produced by directly anchoring CdSe NPs onto R-GO. The morphological and structural characterizations evidence that the single-crystal CdSe NPs with the size of a few tens of nanometers can be efficiently decorated on the R-GO. The photoresponse of this nanocomposite is drastically enhanced compared with that of the pure CdSe NPs, the bare R-GO, and the physically mixed R-GO/CdSe NPs, while the photoluminescence of the CdSe NPs in the composite is much quenched, indicating that the photoinduced carriers generated from the CdSe NPs can be transferred to the R-GO effectively and separately. This ability makes the R-GO/CdSe NP nanocomposite a great promise for wide potential applications in optoelectronics.
Chassis handbook : fundamentals, driving dynamics, components, mechatronics, perspectives (2011)

Introduction - Fundamentals - Driving Dynamics - Chassis Components - Axles in the Chassis - Driving Comfort: Noise, Vibration, Harshness (NVH) - Chassis Development - Innovations in the Chassis - Future Aspects of Chassis Technology
In Search of the Bone-Conduction Threshold in a Free Sound Field (1957)

Several investigators have attempted indirect determination of the bone-conduction threshold in a free sound field. It has recently become possible to attenuate sound transmitted through the auditory meatus to a level below that of a sound reaching the ear through other pathways. By varying the properties of sound-attenuating devices, and with the help of resonance phenomena, it could be shown that the remaining hearing was actually controlled by body conduction, if not more specifically by bone conduction. According to these measurements, the “minimum audible field” for body conduction (MAFB) exceeds 80 db re 0.0002 dyne/cm2 at low frequencies and decreases gradually to a minimum of about 45 to 50 db between 1500 and 2000 cps. For higher frequencies it increases somewhat again. The difference between body conduction and air conduction seems to be maximal in the vicinity of 500 cps—approximately 65 db. At frequencies around 100 cps the difference is of the order of 50 db. This difference holds also for the frequency range between 2000 and 6000 cps. Between 1500 and 2000 cps the difference is only about 45 db.
Regularized Principal Component Analysis for Spatial Data (2016)

In many atmospheric and earth sciences, it is of interest to identify dominant spatial patterns of variation based on data observed at p locations and n time points with the possibility that p > n. While principal component analysis (PCA) is commonly applied to find the dominant patterns, the eigenimages produced from PCA may exhibit patterns that are too noisy to be physically meaningful when p is large relative to n. To obtain more precise estimates of eigenimages, we propose a regularization approach incorporating smoothness and sparseness of eigenimages, while accounting for their orthogonality. Our method allows data taken at irregularly spaced or sparse locations. In addition, the resulting optimization problem can be solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers, which is easy to implement, and applicable to a large spatial dataset. Furthermore, the estimated eigenfunctions provide a natural basis for representing the underlying spatial process in a spatial random-effects model, from which spatial covariance function estimation and spatial prediction can be efficiently performed using a regularized fixed-rank kriging method. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by several numerical examples.
Reliable multicasting in the Xpress transport protocol (2002)

The Xpress transport protocol (XTP) is designed to meet the needs of distributed, real-time, and multimedia systems. This paper describes the genesis of recent improvements to XTP that provide mechanisms for reliable management of multicast groups, and gives details of the mechanisms used.
Partial deletion in the JK locus causing a Jknull phenotype (2002)

A new alteration of the blood group JK*A allele was identified in a Jk(null) patient from Tunisia with an allo-anti-Jk3 in her serum. Southern blot and exon mapping analyses revealed an internal deletion within the Kidd (JK) locus encompassing exons 4 and 5. Sequence analysis of the Jk transcript showed that exons 4 and 5 were missing but were replaced by a 136-base-pair (bp) intron 3 sequence located 315 bp and 179 bp upstream from exon 4. This sequence is flanked by typical donor-acceptor cryptic splice sites used in the mutant but not in the normal JK gene. Because the translation initiation codon is located in exon 4, the Jk protein is not produced.
The gene for the alpha polypeptide of pyruvate dehydrogenase is X-linked in humans. (1990)

The chromosomal location of the gene for the alpha polypeptide of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (alpha E1), a major component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, was determined by using a cloned cDNA for alpha E1. This 1-kb cDNA was isolated from a human liver lambda gt11 expression library with specific antibodies and included the coding (from amino acid 144 to the carboxy terminus) and the 3' untranslated regions. Southern blot analysis of the DNA from a panel of rodent-human hybrid cells showed that the absence or the presence of the major EcoRI fragment that hybridized with this cDNA probe was concordant with the presence of the Xq24-p22 region of the human X chromosome. The result of in situ hybridization with human metaphase chromosomes further mapped the alpha E1 gene to the Xp arm.
Structure of the peptide antibiotic polypeptin (1976)

Polypeptin, a basic peptide antibiotic isolated from Bacillus circulans, was separated into two components by countercurrent distribution. The two components, polypeptin A and polypeptin B, had identical amino acid compositions but varied in the structure of the hydroxy acid constituent attached to the alpha-amino group of the peptide chain. Polypeptin A contained 3-hydrosy-4-methylhexanoic acid and polypeptin B contained 3-hydrosy-5-methylhexanoic acid. T-HE STEROCHEMISTRY OF THESE HYDROXY ACIDS WAS NOT DETERMINED. Studies involving partial acid hydrolysis and chemical synthesis are consistent with the lactone sturcture for polypeptin A. Polypeptin B differs only in the position of the methyl group in the hydroxyacyl moiety.
Adaptive arrays and MLSE equalization (2002)

In digital cellular communication systems, receivers are designed to combat the problems of fading, time dispersion, and interference. Separately, these problems can be solved using antenna diversity, equalization, and adaptive array processing, respectively. Joint solutions have been proposed which combine adaptive array processing with either linear equalization (LE) or decision feedback equalization (DFE). However, LE is sensitive to spectral nulls and DFE has the problem of decision error feedback. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed which combines adaptive array processing with MLSE equalization to mitigate fading, time dispersion, and interference. The optimal metric for the MLSE structure is derived. The receiver reduces to well known forms for special cases. D-AMPS simulation results illustrate the potential performance of the proposed algorithm, including the case when the fading on the different antennas is correlated.