gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ARVIKA-augmented reality for development, production and service (2003)

Augmented reality (AR) is a form of human-machine interaction where information is presented in the field of view of an individual. ARVIKA, funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research, develops this technology and applications in the fields of development, production, and service in the automotive and aerospace industries, for power and processing plants and for machine tools and production machinery. Up to now, AR has only been a subject of individual research projects and a small number of application-specific industrial projects on a global scale. The current state of the art and the available appliances do not yet permit a product-oriented application of the technology. However, AR enables a new, innovative form of human-machine interaction that not only places the individual in the center of the industrial workflow, but also offers a high potential for process and quality improvements in production and process workflows. ARVIKA is primarily designed to implement an augmented reality system for mobile use in industrial applications. The report presents the milestones that have been achieved after a project duration of a full three years.
MC-CDMA with quadrature spreading over frequency selective fading channels (2002)

Multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) schemes resolve the frequency selectivity in multipath fading channels and have good spectral properties. Spreading the information over many subcarriers adds flexibility to the system and a redundancy between subcarriers that can be combined with the derived frequency diversity from the fading channel. The performance of an MC-CDMA scheme over frequency selective, slowly fading channels is studied analytically and by computer simulations. The MC-CDMA system uses a BPSK modulation, quadrature (complex) spreading codes, and a simple correlator receiver. Quadrature spreading codes are used to reduce the effect of the multipath fading channel and restore some of the orthogonality losses between users. The obtained results show considerable performance improvement compared to the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme and MC-CDMA schemes that use non-quadrature spreading. The effect of frequency offsets on the system performance is also addressed.
Thrombotic risk of children with thalassemia. (1993)

Pulmonary microthromboembolism is one of the serious complications found in patients with thalassemia. The pathogenesis is undetermined. The thrombotic risk in 44 patients (26 males, 18 females) with beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E disease and without clinical symptoms of thrombosis were studied. The age ranged from 3-19 yr (X +/- SD = 10 +/- 4). Neither of them had chronic hepatitis B infection. They were divided into three groups according to clinical manifestations as follows: (1) Mild form (n = 12). They did not require blood transfusion. The mean +/- SD of hematocrit was 23.3 per cent +/- 2.3; (2) Severe form (n = 19). They required frequent blood transfusion. The mean +/- SD of hematocrit was 17.7 per cent +/- 1.5; (3) Severe form with splenectomy (n = 13). They seldom required blood transfusion. The mean +/- SD of hematocrit was 21.8 per cent +/- 3.5. Most of the patients had delayed growth. They had high serum ferritin reflecting iron overload status which was prominent in the severe groups (group 2 & 3). The prothrombin time and serum albumin were slightly decreased, and the serum alanine transaminase were slightly increased; all of which reflected mild alteration of liver function. The plasma AT III, PC and PS antigen in the three groups were similar. The mean +/- SD of AT III antigen was 106.7 per cent +/- 22.2 which is normal. The mean +/- SD of PC antigen was 44.2 per cent +/- 14.2 and PS antigen level was 77.2 per cent +/- 17.8.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A real-time model predictive position control with collision avoidance for commercial low-cost quadrotors (2016)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are the future technology for autonomous fast transportation of individual goods. They have the advantage of being small, fast and not to be limited to the local infrastructure. This is not only interesting for delivery of private consumption goods up to the doorstep, but also particularly for smart factories. One drawback of autonomous drone technology is the high development costs, that limit research and development to a small audience. This work is introducing a position control with collision avoidance as a first step to make low-cost drones more accessible to the execution of autonomous tasks. The paper introduces a semilinear state-space model for a commercial quadrotor and its adaptation to the commercially available AR.Drone <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> system. The position control introduced in this paper is a model predictive control (MPC) based on a condensed multiple-shooting continuation generalized minimal residual method (CMSCGMRES). The collision avoidance is implemented in the MPC based on a sigmoid function. The real-time applicability of the proposed methods is demonstrated in two experiments with a real AR.Drone quadrotor, adressing position tracking and collision avoidance. The experiments show the computational efficiency of the proposed control design with a measured maximum computation time of less than 2ms.
A cost effective motion estimation processor LSI using a simple and efficient algorithm (1995)

A motion estimation processor LSI has been developed using a simple and efficient algorithm while maintaining the accuracy of full search block matching. Only a single chip is required for performing field and frame real-time motion estimation at half-pel precision. This chip is capable of processing ITU-R601 video sequence for MPEG2 encoding with a 27 MHz clock.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Planar waveguide biosensors for nucleic acid hybridization reactions</title> (2000)

Oligonucleotide probes derived from (1) the T3 RNA polymerase promoter sequence (T3) and (2) prostate-specific antigen messenger RNA (PSA) were prepared and labeled with a red-emitting fluorescent dye (Cy5). The complimentary oligonucleotides were prepared and labeled with biotin. Initially, a feasibility study was performed in which the hybridization rate of the T3/anti T3 Oligonucleotide pair was examined. Specifically, biotinylated anti T3 was immobilized to a neutravidin-coated waveguide and solutions containing increasing concentrations of Cy5-labeled T3 were injected into the biosensor. Fluorescence emission was detected with an evanescent wave imaging fluorometer. The hybridization reaction proceeded rapidly with a significant amount of binding occurring during the first 5 minutes. A Michaelis-Menton kinetics model was used to analyze hybridization rate data and gave values of 78 nanomolar for the apparent affinity of the hybridization reaction and 1.4 picomolar for the analytical sensitivity of the hybridization assay. In subsequent studies the hybridization rate of the PSA/anti PSA oligonucleotide pair was examined. Biotinylated anti PSA was immobilized to the waveguide and solutions containing increasing concentration of Cy5-labeled PSA were injected into the biosensor. The hybridization rate observed for formation of the PSA/anti PSA pari was comparable to the high rates observed for the T3/anti T3 pari. Lastly, the selectivity of the biosensor was examined using an Oligonucleotide probe derived from human glandular kallikrein, which exhibits a high degree of homology to PSA. The two Oligonucleotide probes only differed in 7 out of 20 positions. Interestingly, the hybridization rate observed for Cy5-labeled hGK was very low - not statistically different from the non-specific binding rate of the hybridization assay.
Glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide, oxyntomodulin, and glucagon interact with a common receptor in a somatostatin-secreting cell line. (1993)

Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide (tGLP-1), oxyntomodulin (OXM), and glucagon are posttranslational end products of the glucagon gene expressed in intestinal L-cells. In vivo, these peptides are potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion via several pathways, including stimulation of somatostatin release. We have examined the receptors through which these peptides stimulate somatostatin secretion using the somatostatin-secreting cell line RIN T3. tGLP-1, OXM, and glucagon stimulated somatostatin release and cAMP accumulation in RIN T3 cells to similar maximum levels, with ED50 values close to 0.2, 2, and 50 nM and 0.02, 0.3, and 8 nM, respectively. Binding of [125I]tGLP-1, [125I]OXM, and [125I]glucagon to RIN T3 plasma membranes was inhibited by the three peptides, with relative potencies as follows: tGLP-1 > OXM > glucagon. Whatever the tracer used, the IC50 for tGLP-1 was close to 0.15 nM and was shifted rightward for OXM and glucagon by about 1 and 2-3 orders of magnitude, respectively. Scatchard analyses for the three peptides were compatible with a single class of receptor sites displaying a similar maximal binding close to 2 pmol/mg protein. In the hamster lung fibroblast cell line CCL39 transfected with the receptor for tGLP-1, binding of [125I]tGLP-1 was inhibited by tGLP-1, OXM, and glucagon, with relative potencies close to those obtained with RIN T3 membranes. Chemical cross-linking of [125I]tGLP-1, [125I]OXM, and [125I]glucagon revealed a single band at 63,000 mol wt, the intensity of which was dose-dependently reduced by all three peptides. These data suggest that in the somatostatin-secreting cell line RIN T3, OXM and glucagon stimulate somatostatin release through a tGLP-1-preferring receptor. This suggests that some biological effects, previously described for these peptides, might be due to their interaction with this receptor.
Measuring Biometric Sample Quality in terms of Biometric Feature Information in Iris Images (2012)

This paper develops an approach to measure the information content in a biometric feature representation of iris images. In this context, the biometric feature information is calculated using the relative entropy between the intraclass and interclass feature distributions. The collected data is regularized using a Gaussian model of the feature covariances in order to practically measure the biometric information with limited data samples. An example of this method is shown for iris templates processed using Principal‐Component Analysis‐ (PCA‐) and Independent‐Component Analysis‐ (ICA‐) based feature decomposition schemes. From this, the biometric feature information is calculated to be approximately 278 bits for PCA and 288 bits for ICA iris features using Masek′s iris recognition scheme. This value approximately matches previous estimates of iris information content.
Mucosal interplay among commensal and pathogenic bacteria: Lessons from flagellin and Toll‐like receptor 5 (2006)

Toll-like receptors (TLR) detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and play a crucial role in triggering immunity. Due to their large surfaces in direct contact with the environment, mucosal tissues are the major sites of PAMP-TLR signalling. How innate and adaptive immunity are triggered through flagellin-TLR5 interaction is the main focus of the review. In view of recent reports on genetic polymorphism, we will summarize the impact of TLR5 on the susceptibility to mucosal infections and on various immuno-pathologies. Finally, the contribution of TLRs in the induction and maintenance of mucosal homeostasis and commensal discrimination is discussed.
"Erwinia nulandii" Is a Subjective Synonym of Erwinia persicinus (1994)

The organism named "Erwinia nulandii" was isolated in 1979 from bean seeds and was described in 1981, but the name was never validated. The results of biochemical tests and membrane protein profile and DNA relatedness studies indicated that this name is synonymous with Erwinia persicinus, a validly published name for a species previously isolated from, but not shown to be pathogenic for, tomatoes, bananas, and cucumbers. Pathogenicity tests revealed that all E. persicinus strains, including an "E. nulandii" strain, were pathogenic for bean pods and seeds.
MRI of focal cerebral ischemia using 17O‐labeled water (2000)

This work presents a novel approach for quantifying low concentrations of H217O in vivo and explores its utility for assessing cerebral ischemia. Oxygen-17 enriched water acts as a T2 shortening contrast agent whose effect can be suppressed by decoupling at the 17O frequency during TE interval in a spin-echo MR image. Serial T2-weighted echo planar images were acquired in phantoms and rat brain with decoupler power alternated every eight images. The resulting periodic signal change (proportional to H217O concentration) was detected by cross-correlating the square-wave decoupler power timecourse with the signal intensity in each voxel. Natural abundance (0.037 atom%) images of H217O in rat brain were generated. The transverse relaxivity of H217O in brain was estimated, R2 = 2.4 ± 0.5 s−1(atom%)−1. After bolus injection of 1 ml of 10 atom% H217O, brain H217O concentration was estimated at 0.06 ± 0.01 atom%. In the rat focal ischemia model, 17O cross-correlation maps compared well with diffusion and Gd-DTPA perfusion images to indicate infarct location. Magn Reson Med 43:876–883, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An Analysis of the Effects of Digital Phase Errors on the Performance of a FMCW-Doppler Radar (2011)

In modern frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars, the transmitter is increasingly being implemented using direct digital chirp synthesis (DDCS), which provides improvements in sweep linearity, stability, precision, agility, and versatility over analog techniques. Its main limitations are errors due to sampling of the modulating signal, phase truncation, and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) quantization, which produce spurious signals due to their deterministic nature. This thesis presents an analysis and simulation of the effect of two sources of digital phase errors – namely, the ‘staircase’ approximation of the linear frequency sweep and phase truncation – on the performance of a FMCW-Doppler transceiver which employs a DDCS in its transmitter. An upper bound for the amplitude of spurious targets resulting from these digital phase errors is established. Further, it is shown that provided the phase errors are periodic with the sweep period, the spurious targets are not offset from the target in Doppler. An algorithm for selecting the digital chirp parameters of a DDCS so as to ensure periodic and phase-continuous sweep transitions is devised. Finally, we investigate parallels of FMCW radar in the optical domain, and consider the fundamental question whether range resolution is fundamentally limited by the bandwidth of a transmitted signal, or its carrier frequency.
Spectroscopic imaging of the water resonance with short repetition time to study tumor response to hyperoxia (1997)

A variety of treatments that modulate tumor oxygen tension are used clinically to improve the outcome of radiotherapy. High resolution, noninvasive measurements of the effects of these treatments would greatly facilitate the development of improved therapies and could guide treatment of cancer patients. Previous work demonstrated that magnetic resonance (MR) gradient echo imaging of the water proton resonance detects changes in T2* and T1 in tumors during hyperoxia that may reflect increased tumor oxygenation. This report describes the use of high resolution MR spectroscopic imaging with short repetition time (TR = 0.2 s) to improve the accuracy with which changes in T2* and T1 are measured. Mammary adenocarcinomas grown in the hind limbs of rats were studied. Carbogen inhalation was used to induce hyperoxia. A single 2-mm slice through the center of tumors and underlying muscle was imaged at 4.7 Tesla with in-plane resolution of approximately 1.2 mm and frequency resolution of 5.8 Hz. The peak integral increased by an average of 6% in tumors during carbogen inhalation suggesting a decrease in T1 (n = 8, P < 0.001). Peak height increased by an average of 15% in tumors during carbogen inhalation (n = 8, P < 0.001). The large difference between increases in peak height and peak integral demonstrates that the width of the water resonance decreased. Assuming a Lorentzian lineshape, an average increase of 12% in T2* was observed in tumors. In muscle, peak integral and peak height increased slightly (about 1.2% and 3%, respectively; P < 0.02) during carbogen inhalation but no significant change in T2* was observed. Spectroscopic imaging detects changes in the water proton resonance in tumors during hyperoxia accurately and reproducibly with high signal-to-noise ratio and allows clear separation of T1 and T2* effects. Increases in T2* may be due to decreased deoxyhemoglobin in tumor blood vessels (i.e., the BOLD effect) and may provide a clinically useful index of increases in tumor oxygenation.
Omega-3 fatty acids cause dramatic changes in TLR4 and purinergic eicosanoid signaling (2012)

Dietary fish oil containing ω3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), elicit cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects through unresolved mechanisms that may involve competition and inhibition at multiple levels. Here, we report the effects of arachidonic acid (AA), EPA, and DHA supplementation on membrane incorporation, phospholipase A(2) catalyzed release, and eicosanoid production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Using a targeted lipidomics approach, we observed that Toll-like receptor 4 and purinergic receptor activation of supplemented cells leads to the release of 22-carbon fatty acids that potently inhibit cyclooxygenase pathways. This inhibition was able to shunt metabolism of AA to lipoxygenase pathways, augmenting leukotriene and other lipoxygenase mediator synthesis. In resident peritoneal macrophages, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) was responsible for cyclooxygenase inhibition after EPA supplementation, offering fresh insights into how EPA exerts anti-inflammatory effects indirectly through elongation to 22-carbon DPA.
CMOS compatible IR sensors by cytochrome c protein (2013)

In recent years, due to the progression of the semiconductor industrial, the uncooled Infrared sensor – microbolometer has opened the opportunity for achieving low cost infrared imaging systems for both military and commercial applications. Therefore, various fabrication processes and different materials based microbolometer have been developed sequentially. The cytochrome c (protein) thin film has be reported high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), which is related to the performance of microbolometer directly. Hence the superior TCR value will increase the performance of microbolometer. In this paper, we introduced a novel fabrication process using aluminum which is compatible with the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacture Company (TSMC) D35 2P4M process as the main structure material, which benefits the device to integrate with readout integrated circuit (ROIC).The aluminum split structure is suspended by sacrificial layer utilizing the standard photolithography technology and chemical etching. The height and thickness of the structure are already considered. Besides, cytochrome c solutions were ink-jetted onto the aluminum structure by using the inkjet printer, applying precise control of the Infrared absorbing layer. In measurement, incident Infrared radiation can be detected and later the heat can be transmitted to adjacent pads to readout the signal. This approach applies an inexpensive and simple fabrication process and makes the device suitable for integration. In addition, the performance can be further improved with low noise readout circuits.
Impact of precursor chemistry on atomic layer deposition of lutetium aluminates (2011)

Rare earth-based oxides are of interest for their potential application in future logic high-performance technologies where Germanium is the channel material. In addition, their aluminates are considered as promising high-k dielectrics for nonvolatile memory technologies. However, it has been found that the dielectric quality of these materials is highly dependent on the method of preparation. The authors have therefore examined the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of LuxAl2−xO3 layers by means of Tris(isopropyl cyclopentadienyl) Lutetium (Lu(iPrCp)3), Tris(diethyl-amido)aluminum and H2O or O3 in a nanolaminate approach. This manuscript covers the impact of the oxidizer on both the ALD process characteristics and LuxAl2−xO3 layer properties. Because of the hygroscopic nature of rare earth oxides, the O3-based ALD of LuxAl2−xO3 is well controlled compared to the H2O-based process. On the other hand, LuxAl2−xO3 dielectrics grown with H2O as the oxidizer show better electrical properties in terms of Equivalent Oxide Thickness (EOT) and leakage current density because of lower C impurities, especially in case of Lu-rich compositions.
Neurocalcin: a novel calcium-binding protein from bovine brain. (1992)

A novel calcium-binding protein (molecular weight 23,000-24,000, pI 5.3-5.5), which we term neurocalcin, was identified in bovine brain. Using calcium-dependent drug affinity chromatography ((S)-P-(2-aminoethyloxy)-N-[2-(4-benzyloxycarbonylpiperazinyl++ +)-1-(P- methoxybenzyl)ethyl]-N-methylbenzene-sulfonamide dihydrochloride, W-77, -coupled Sepharose 6B), we purified neurocalcin from bovine brain. The partial amino acid sequence of neurocalcin revealed it to be an as yet unidentified protein with three putative calcium binding sites (EF-hands). Further purification and sequence analysis demonstrated the presence of four isoprotein forms designated alpha, beta, gamma 1, and gamma 2. When the 165 sequenced residues of neurocalcin beta are compared with sequences of other proteins, neurocalcin beta has a 38.2% sequence homology with visinin and 45.5% with recoverin (Yamagata, K., Goto, K., Kuo, C.-H., Kondo, H., and Miki, N. (1990) Neuron 2, 469-476; Dizhoor, A. M., Ray, S., Kumar, S., Niemi, G., Spencer, M., Brolley, D., Walsh, K. A., Philipov, P. P., Hurley, J. B., and Stryer, L. (1991) Science 251, 915-918). Both visinin and recoverin are expressed specifically in retinal photoreceptors and are not found in brain. Unlike visinin and recoverin, neurocalcin is purified not only from retina but also from bovine brain. Our results suggest that neurocalcin is a recoverin-like protein expressed in bovine brain.
Continued multicenter followup of cadaveric prolapse repair with sling. (2002)

With a maximum of 28 months of followup of the cadaveric prolapse repair with sling procedure, we continue to be satisfied with the success of the cystocele repair and the competitive stress urinary incontinence cure rate.
Introductory Information for Therapists (2007)

Chapter 1 provides introductory information for therapists, including background information and the purpose of emotional processing therapy, diagnostic criteria for PTSD, prevalence, development of this program and the evidence base, the Prolonged Exposure (PE) model, natural recovery vs development of chronic PTSD, risks and benefits of this program, alternative treatments, the role of medications, outline of the program, treatment sessions, and use of the patient workbook.