gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave Treatment of Oil-Contaminated Drill Cuttings at Pilot Scale (2009)

Summary This paper details a new technology for the continuous treatment of contaminated drill cuttings at a throughput of 500 kg/hr, and can be scaled up for use in offshore locations. The change in legislation for oily cuttings discharges in the North Sea at the beginning of the century resulted in the introduction of a 1% residual oil limit for discharged cuttings. At the time, because nothing was capable of achieving a 1% level offshore, only two options existed to deal with oily cuttings: containment for onshore processing (skip and ship), and injection (CRI). With time, a thermomechanical cuttings cleaning process has produced cuttings with oil &lt;1%, although with a significant deck space impact and restricted throughput. Previous studies have shown that microwave treatment is able to reduce oil levels to well below 1% in a laboratory environment, and this work has studied the scale up of the system to a 500 kg/hr continuous process. The manufacture of a pilot-scale cuttings treatment system involved the collaboration between microwave and electromagnetic engineering specialists, bulk solids handling, and process engineering disciplines. The feed cuttings are conditioned in a solids mixer before being fed by way of a conveyor to a specifically designed microwave cavity. The oil is removed and recovered using an extraction and condensation system, with the product oil being very similar in composition to the base oil in the drilling mud. Residual oil levels of &lt;0.1% are obtainable, and cuttings throughputs of 500 kg/hr are possible using a 30-kW microwave source. The microwave process typically consumes 60 kWh of electrical energy per tonne of cuttings, and the trade-off between microwave power, residual oil content, cuttings throughput, and overall energy requirements are discussed in this paper. This is the first step in the development of a modular system, with low-deck impact, flexible processing rates, and reduced environmental signature.
Utilisation of seismic and resistivity data for fracture characterisation and simulation (2007)

We found that the TSH mean level significantly dropped through the use of vitamin D supplements. Thus, it is recommended that all the patients with subclinical hypothyroidism be screened and treated with vitamin D supplements.
Mesencephalic dopamine neurons regulate the expression of neuropeptide mRNAs in the rat forebrain. (1986)

We used in situ hybridization histochemistry with synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes to identify cells that synthesize mRNAs encoding tyrosine hydroxylase in the mesencephalon and substance P, enkephalin, and dynorphin in the rat forebrain. Dopaminergic cells in the mesencephalon project to the forebrain and influence neuropeptide levels. We examined the effect of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions (which eliminated tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA-containing cells in the mesencephalon) on substance P, enkephalin, and dynorphin mRNA levels. Substance P mRNA levels were depressed, whereas enkephalin mRNA levels were elevated in consecutive sections from striatal areas in all animals. The effects of the lesions on dynorphin mRNA levels were less robust, and considerable variation between animals was observed. Changes were evident in the levels of message in individual cells but not in the numbers of labeled cells. These effects were not uniform throughout the dopamine-innervated areas, suggesting degrees of control not apparent with RNA blot-hybridization or dot-blot analyses.
Neurophysiological techniques to assess pain in animals (2006)

Neurophysiological techniques are widely applied to animals, both in the search as a monitor for adequacy of anaesthesia, and studies to assess the efficacy of analgesic agents. Laboratory animals have been extensively used in models to investigate pain in man. However a substantial number of studies have also used neurophysiological techniques to increase knowledge of pain in specific animal species, with the aim of improving animal welfare. This review provides an overview of neurophysiological techniques involving the brain that have been used in the assessment of pain in animals. An explanation of the methodology of EEG recording, with particular emphasis on veterinary studies, is given. Neurophysiological models developed to assess pain in different species are described, and their relevance to advancements in animal welfare or best clinical practice indicated.
RapidAccurate Optimization of Difficult Problems Using Fast Messy Genetic Algorithms (1993)

Researchers have long sought genetic algorithms (GAs) that can solve difficult search, optimization, and machine learning problems quickly. Despite years of work on simple GAs and their variants it is still unknown how difficult a problem simple GAs can solve, how quickly they can solve it, and with what reliability. More radical design departures than these have been taken, however, and the messy GA (mGA) approach has attempted to solve problems of bounded difficulty quickly and reliably by taking the notion of building-block linkage quite seriously. Early efforts were apparently successful in achieving polynomial convergence on some difficult problems, but the initialization bottleneck that required a large initial population was thought to be the primary obstacle to faster mGA performance. This paper replaces the partially enumerative initialization and selective primordial phase of the original messy GA with probabilistically complete initialization and a primordial phase that per...
A single planner for a composite task of approaching, opening and navigating through non-spring and spring-loaded doors (2013)

Opening and navigating through doors remains a challenging problem, particularly in cluttered environments and for spring-loaded doors. Passing through doors, especially spring-loaded doors, requires making and breaking contacts with the door and preventing the door from closing while passing through. In this work, we present a planning framework that handles non-spring and spring-loaded doors, in cluttered or confined workspaces, planning the approach to the door, pushing or pulling it open, and passing through. Because the problem is solved in a combined search space, the planner yields an overall least-cost path. The planner is able to insert a transition between robot-door contacts at any point along the plan. We utilize a compact graph-based representation of the problem to keep planning times low. We precompute the force workspace of the end-effectors to eliminate checks against joint torque limits at plan time. We have validated our solution in both simulation and real-world experiments on the PR2 mobile manipulation platform; the robot is able to successfully open a variety of spring-loaded and non-spring-loaded doors by pushing and pulling.
FROM REAL TO..."REAL". A REVIEW OF GEOMATIC AND RAPID PROTOTYPING TECHNIQUES FOR SOLID MODELLING IN CULTURAL HERITAGE FIELD (2012)

Abstract. The documentation and 3D modelling of Cultural Heritage are now mainly based on digital techniques to produce complete, detailed and photorealistic three-dimensional surveys. The integration of various technologies and sensors is the best solution to obtain results with these characteristics. According to the reproduction scale, you need to change the characteristics of the instruments used during acquisition. Reduced or real scale solid models are an effective support for projects involving communication and divulgation: they can be understood without the intermediation of data processing systems, therefore increasing the potential users. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an expression indicative of technologies used to fabricate physical objects directly from CAD data sources; they are also called three-dimensional printing, solid freeform fabrication or layered manufacturing. The paper analyzes only factors related to the processing that involves the superficial aspect of the solid model; some important aspects useful in other applications, e.g. mechanical behaviour of the used material or the method to realize the internal structure or possible supports of the model, are neglected.
High-repetition-rate femtosecond-laser micromachining of low-loss optical-lattice-like waveguides in lithium niobate (2018)

A series of waveguides were inscribed in lithium niobate by tightly focused femtosecond-laser pulses of 11-MHz repetition rate and 790-nm wavelength. To establish the inscription conditions for optimal low-loss waveguides, within each sample we varied laser pulse energy, speed and direction of translation stage movement, and focus depth of the beam. We deployed two new approaches to enhance the inscription results: 1) increase of the pulse energy with increasing focus depth inside the material to compensate for the corresponding decrease of refractive-index modification, and 2) decrease of the laser energy for the modification tracks closer to the waveguide’s core region to reduce scattering losses due to high-laser-energy driven non-uniformities. All waveguides had an optical-lattice-like hexagonal packing geometry with track-spacing of 9.9 μm (optimized for effective suppression of high-order modes). Each structure comprised 84 single-scan Type-II-modification tracks, aligned with the crystalline X-axis of lithium niobate. After heat treatment at 350 °C for 3 hours, the lowest propagation loss of less than (0.4±0.1) dB/cm and (3.5±0.3) dB/cm for the ordinary and extraordinary light polarization states, respectively, were achieved at the 1550- nm wavelength. These low-attenuation waveguides were obtained with the inscription energy varying between 50.6 nJ and 53.6 nJ and the translation speed of 10 mm/s. The corresponding refractive-index contrast of individual tracks was (–1.55±0.04)×10<sup>-3</sup> . The waveguides also showed low attenuation in the visible and near-infrared portion of the spectrum (532 nm to 1456 nm). Our results offer promising means for the development of low-loss waveguides with preserved-nonlinearity and high thermal stability.
Extending the lifetime of a network of battery-powered mobile devices by remote processing (2003)

This paper addresses the problem of extending the lifetime of a battery-powered mobile host in a client-server wireless network by using task migration and remote processing. This problem is solved by first constructing a stochastic model of the client-server system based on the theory of continuous-time Markovian decision processes. Next the dynamic power management problem with task migration is formulated as a policy optimization problem and solved exactly by using a linear programming approach. Based on the off-line optimal policy derived in this way, an on-line adaptive policy is proposed, which dynamically monitors the channel conditions and the server behavior and adopts a client-side power management policy with task migration that results in optimum energy consumption in the client. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing heuristic methods by as much as 35% in terms of the overall energy savings.
Beyond blacklists (2009)

Malicious Web sites are a cornerstone of Internet criminal activities. As a result, there has been broad interest in developing systems to prevent the end user from visiting such sites. In this paper, we describe an approach to this problem based on automated URL classification, using statistical methods to discover the tell-tale lexical and host-based properties of malicious Web site URLs. These methods are able to learn highly predictive models by extracting and automatically analyzing tens of thousands of features potentially indicative of suspicious URLs. The resulting classifiers obtain 95-99% accuracy, detecting large numbers of malicious Web sites from their URLs, with only modest false positives.
Disulfide cross-linking of H,K-ATPase opens Cl- conductance, triggering proton uptake in gastric vesicles. Studies with specific inhibitors. (1986)

An S-S cross-linking reagent, Cu2+-o-phenanthroline, increased the 36Cl-/Cl- exchange rate across the hog gastric vesicle membrane, which contains H,K-ATPase, but did not affect the 86Rb+/Rb+ exchange rate. The results show that closed Cl- conductance can be opened by S-S cross-linking. Gastric vesicles with opened Cl- conductance could take up H+ upon addition of MgATP without prolonged preincubation in a solution containing K+. Preincubation of gastric vesicles with picoprazole, which is a specific inhibitor of H,K-ATPase and binds to 100-kDa polypeptides of the enzyme, dose dependently inhibited opening of the Cl- conductance by Cu2+-o-phenanthroline, indicating that the Cl- conductance is part of the function of the H,K-ATPase. The effect of picoprazole was greater at alkaline pH than at acidic pH. Another H,K-ATPase inhibitor, 2-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy)-pyridylmethylsulfinyl] (5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl)-benzimidazole (H compound), had a similar but stronger effect on the Cl- conductance than that of picoprazole. A pungent ingredient of curry, allylisothiocyanate, caused similar pH-dependent inhibition to that of picoprazole. However, another substituted benzimidazole, omeprazole, did not inhibit Cl- conductance. Substituted benzimidazoles, such as picoprazole, H compound, and omeprazole, inhibited the H,K-ATPase activity progressively with a decrease in pH of the medium. This pH dependence was the reverse of that in inhibition of Cl- conductance, suggesting that the inhibitory site of Cl- conductance is different from that of the H,K-ATPase activity and that the conformational states of the two sites change in different ways with change in pH of the medium.
Short-term effect of ice-cream containing<i>Bifidobacterium lactis</i>Bb-12 on the number of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli (2008)

Daily consumtion of ice-cream containing probiotic bifidobacteria may reduce the salivary levels of mutans streptococci in young adults.
Inhibition of Prostaglandin E Synthesis Augments Glucose-induced Insulin Secretion in Cultured Pancreas (1981)

Monolayer cultures of neonatal rat pancreatic cells were examined to ascertain whether they synthesize prostaglandin E (PGE) and to determine the effects on insulin secretion caused by PGE and drugs that inhibit its synthesis. PGE release into the medium was observed. Sodium salicylate and ibuprofen (at drug concentrations similar to those achieved therapeutically in humans in vivo) inhibited PGE synthesis in a dose-responsive fashion to a maximum of 70-80% inhibition. Inhibition of PGE synthesis was accompanied by augmented insulin secretion. Both PGE synthesis inhibitors shifted the glucose dose-insulin response curves to the left at low glucose concentrations and augmented maximal insulin release at high glucose concentrations. Increments in glucose-induced insulin secretion induced by sodium salicylate correlated well (r = 0.89) with inhibition of PGE synthesis and addition of exogenous PGE1 to the cultures reversed the augmenting effects of the drug on insulin secretion. It is concluded that cultures of pancreatic cells synthesize PGE and that a function of PGE in these cultures appears to be a tonic negative modulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion.
Processing Pharmaceutical Compounds Using Dense Gas Technology (2003)

Dense gas techniques, which utilize the properties of fluids in the vicinity of the critical point, are increasingly being used for the processing of pharmaceuticals. Dense gases are unique solvents that can be used for extractions, chromatographic separations, and chemical syntheses because of their liquidlike solvation power and gaslike mass-transfer properties. The processes can be conducted at moderate temperatures and are thus suitable for many heat-labile compounds such as proteins, biocompatible polymers, and pharmaceuticals. The products formed by dense-gas processes are generally free of residual solvent. Recent applications of dense gas techniques have focused on micronization; crystallization of high-purity particles; sterilization; and drug formulations, including the formation of liposomes and drug coatings. The following review presents examples of drug extraction, separation, synthesis, sterilization, and particle formation and demonstrates the broad application of dense gases for drug formulation purposes in the pharmaceutical industry.
A Distributed Trust Management Scheme in the Pervasive Computing Environment (2007)

Pervasive computing allows a seamless interaction among users, devices, and applications, anytime and anywhere. Yet portable devices in pervasive computing are mainly powered by batteries and have limited computational and communication capability. Thus the open and dynamic environment in pervasive computing raises challenges in security and trust management. Without trust, pervasive devices cannot cooperate effectively, and the deployment of pervasive computing systems will be restricted to specific application scenarios. The traditional centralized security management schemes are not directly applicable in pervasive computing environments. Moreover, existing user authentication and access control schemes are inadequate to ensure security in pervasive computing. To overcome the limitation of centralized schemes, we need a distributed solution. In this paper, we propose a distributed trust management scheme to ensure security in pervasive computing environments. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) the employment of a simple, distributed trust computation and maintenance mechanism to reduce communication and computational overhead without compromising security; (2) the building of an aggregate trust metric that is based on direct observation and indirect observations obtained from neighbors' recommendations. The scheme gives more weight to direct observations and less weight to indirect observations. Every device computes and updates the trust value periodically in a distributed fashion. However, the exchange of trust information is carried out on demand to reduce communication overhead. The operation of the proposed scheme with varying parameter settings is illustrated, using an analytical approach.
Halogen n-type doping of chalcopyrite semiconductors (2005)

We theoretically identify the chemical thermodynamic boundary conditions that will produce n-type CuInSe2 via halogen doping. Remarkably, we find that due to the low formation energies of the intrinsic defects, VCu and InCu in CuInSe2, the growth conditions that maximize the halogen donor incorporation do not yield n-type conductivity, whereas the conditions that maximize the concentration of the intrinsic donor InCu do yield n-type conductivity. Under the latter conditions, however, the contribution of the halogen donors to the net donor concentration stays significantly below that of InCu.
Prevention of Frost Formation on Automobile Glazing (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Energy radiation during clear mornings causes a temperature drop on outdoor surfaces. If this drop is big enough, moisture will condense and lead to frost formation during cold weather. This is a nuisance and a safety risk for the driver when it occurs on car windows.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">If the surface of the glazing is coated so that the emissivity within certain spectral bands is low, frost formation can be prevented in most situations.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In the autumn of 1986, Volvo introduced a windshield on these lines. Tests indicate that the number of mornings when scraping is necessary is reduced by more than 80% in the Swedish coastal climate.</div>
Nematic and Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (2005)

Liquid crystals allow us to perform experiments that provide insight into fundamental problems of modern physics, such as phase transitions, frustration, elasticity, hydrodynamics, defects, growth phenomena, and optics (linear and non linear). This excellent volume meets the need for an up-to-date text on liquid crystals.Nematic and Cholesteric Liq
Dynamic Cultivation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates (2018)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as primary candidates for cell-based therapies due to their multiple effects in regenerative medicine. Pre-conditioning of MSCs under physiological conditions—such as hypoxia, three-dimensional environments, and dynamic cultivation—prior to transplantation proved to optimize their therapeutic efficiency. When cultivated as three-dimensional aggregates or spheroids, MSCs display increased angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects as well as improved stemness and survival rates after transplantation, and cultivation under dynamic conditions can increase their viability, proliferation, and paracrine effects, alike. Only few studies reported to date, however, have utilized dynamic conditions for three-dimensional aggregate cultivation of MSCs. Still, the integration of dynamic bioreactor systems, such as spinner flasks or stirred tank reactors might pave the way for a robust, scalable bulk expansion of MSC aggregates or MSC-derived extracellular vesicles. This review summarizes recent insights into the therapeutic potential of MSC aggregate cultivation and focuses on dynamic generation and cultivation techniques of MSC aggregates.
Graft-versus-host disease in cyclosporin A-treated rats after syngeneic and autologous bone marrow reconstitution. (1983)

Lethally irradiated rats treated with cyclosporin A (CsA) for 20-40 d develop classic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) when reconstituted with syngeneic or autologous bone marrow, upon discontinuation of CsA, whereas normal rats do not. Syngeneic GVHD may be transferred to irradiated but not normal syngeneic recipients. Normal spleen cells fail to prevent the development or adoptive transfer of syngeneic GVHD.
Revisiting Whitlockite, the Second Most Abundant Biomineral in Bone: Nanocrystal Synthesis in Physiologically Relevant Conditions and Biocompatibility Evaluation (2013)

The synthesis of pure whitlockite (WH: Ca18Mg2(HPO4)2(PO4)12) has remained a challenge even though it is the second most abundant inorganic in living bone. Although a few reports about the precipitation of WH in heterogeneous phases have been published, to date, synthesizing WH without utilizing any effects of a buffer or various other ions remains difficult. Thus, the related research fields have encountered difficulties and have not been fully developed. Here, we developed a large-scale synthesis method for pure WH nanoparticles in a ternary Ca(OH)2-Mg(OH)2-H3PO4 system based on a systematic approach. We used excess Mg(2+) to impede the growth of hydroxyapatite (HAP: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) and the formation of other kinetically favored calcium phosphate intermediate phases. In addition, we designed and investigated the synthesis conditions of WH under the acidic pH conditions required to dissolve HAP, which is the most thermodynamically stable phase above pH 4.2, and to incorporate the HPO4(2-) group into the chemical structure of WH. We demonstrated that pure WH nanoparticles can be precipitated under Mg(2+)-rich and acidic pH conditions without any intermediate phases. Interestingly, this synthesized nano-WH showed comparable biocompatibility with HAP. Our methodology for determining the synthesis conditions of WH could provide a new platform for investigating other important precipitants in aqueous systems.