gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emulsifying properties of blood protein. (1987)

と畜血液より得られた,血しょう蛋白質およびグロビンについて,乳化性を中心とした機能特性を検討した.血しょう蛋白質は,乳清蛋白質やカゼインよりも高い乳化活性を有し,特に酸性条件下,NaCl存在下で高い乳化性を示した.グロビンも,酸性条件下で乳化性の上昇が認められた.乳化に伴う血しょう蛋白質の脂肪球表面への吸着は,乳清蛋白質とは異なる機作,様式によっておこることが示唆された.脂肪酸付加による血しょう蛋白質の乳化性改善は明らかではなかった.血しょう蛋白質の活性炭処理を行ったところ,乳化性の顕著な低下が認められた.これは,血しょう蛋白質に何らかの乳化性成分ないし蛋白質の乳化性を高めるような成分が存在することを示唆するものと考えられた.血液蛋白質の特異な,優れた機能特性は,多様な食品への利用の可能性を示すものと考えられた.
Recombinant human hyaluronidase Hyal-1: insect cells versus Escherichia coli as expression system and identification of low molecular weight inhibitors + (2007)

The human hyaluronidase Hyal-1, one of six human hyaluronidase subtypes, preferentially degrades hyaluronic acid present in the extracellular matrix of somatic tissues. Modulations of Hyal-1 expression have been observed in a number of malignant tumors. However, its role in disease progression is discussed controversially due to limited information on enzyme properties as well as the lack of specific inhibitors. Therefore, we expressed human Hyal-1 in a prokaryotic and in an insect cell system to produce larger amounts of the purified enzyme. In Escherichia coli, Hyal-1 formed inclusion bodies and was refolded in vitro after purification by metal ion affinity chromatography. However, the enzyme was produced with extremely low folding yields (0.5%) and exhibited a low specific activity (0.1 U/mg). Alternatively, Hyal-1 was secreted into the medium of stably transfected Drosophila Schneider-2 (DS-2) cells. After several purification steps, highly pure enzyme with a specific activity of 8.6 U/mg (consistent with the reported activity of human Hyal-1 from plasma) was obtained. Both Hyal-1 enzymes showed pH profiles similar to the hyaluronidase of human plasma with an activity maximum at pH 3.5-4.0. Deglycosylation of Hyal-1, expressed in DS-2 cells, resulted in a decrease in the enzymatic activity determined by a colorimetric hyaluronidase activity assay. Purified Hyal-1 from DS-2 cells was used for the investigation of the inhibitory activity of new ascorbic acid derivatives. Within this series, l-ascorbic acid tridecanoate was identified as the most potent inhibitor with an IC(50) of 50 +/- 4 microM comparable with glycyrrhizic acid.
Endogenous endonuclease-induced DNA fragmentation: an early event in cell-mediated cytolysis. (1983)

Within minutes of exposure of target cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes, their nuclear DNA begins to be fragmented. This phenomenon precedes 51Cr release by at least an hour. DNA fragmentation occurs only when appropriately sensitized cytotoxic T cells are used and is not merely a result of cell death because killing of target cells by heating, freeze/thawing, or lysing with antibody and complement did not yield DNA fragments. Agarose gel electrophoresis of target cell DNA showed discrete multiples of an approximately 200-base-pair subunit, suggesting that fragmentation was the result of activation of a specific endonuclease. A similar pattern of DNA fragments is observed during glucocorticoid-induced killing of mouse thymocytes. The endonuclease in that case is inhibited by zinc ions, and we find that Zn2+ also inhibits DNA fragmentation and 51Cr release induced by cytotoxic T cells, suggesting a final common biochemical pathway for both types of cell death.
Effects of soybean peptide and collagen peptide on collagen synthesis in normal human dermal fibroblasts (2012)

The collagen present in the dermis of the skin is a fibrous protein that fills the gaps between cells and helps maintain tissue flexibility. Effectively increasing the collagen present in the skin is an important goal for cosmetic research. Recent research has shown that soybean peptide (SP) has anti-fatigue activity, antioxidant activity, and the ability to increase type I collagen, while collagen peptide (CP) has the ability to enhance corneal moisture content and viscoelasticity, as well as to increase levels of hyaluronic acid synthesizing enzymes in human skin. Little documented research, however, has been conducted on collagen formation in relation to these peptides. Therefore, this research applied SP and CP with molecular weights primarily around 500 and preparations containing both SP and CP to normal human dermal fibroblasts together with magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (VC-PMg), and used real-time PCR to determine the gene expression of type I collagen (COL1A1), which contributes to collagen synthesis, and Smad7, which contribute to collagen breakdown. In addition, enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure collagen content in the media. COL1A1 gene expression at 24 h after sample addition showed higher tendency in all samples and increased with time at 4, 8 and 24 h after addition. Smad7 gene expression was not substantially different at 4 h after addition. matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene expression was higher following SP addition, but was lower after the addition of CP and SP+CP. Medium collagen content was higher in all samples and increased with time at 8 h after addition. Collagen levels were higher when SP and CP were added together.
A new confocal stigmatic spectrometer for micro-Raman and microfluorescence spectral imaging analysis: Design and applications (1995)

A new instrument was developed permitting confocal spectral imaging technique to be carried out with a lateral resolution ∼0.3 μm and an axial resolution ∼1.0 μm for specimen areas ranging from 5×5 to 150×150 μm. The modular Raman/fluorescence spectrometer was equipped with a CCD camera, microscope, motorized sample stage, and the confocal entrance chamber. A system of galvanometer controlled mirror scanners equipped the confocal entrance chamber, allowing spectra to be accumulated up to several hundreds of points of sample in parallel, with adjustable spectral and spatial resolution. Stray light rejection property of the Raman spectrometer provides the possibility of the Raman spectral image to be recorded in the low frequency domain. A software was developed to control image accumulation, creation, and treatment. The methods of spectral analysis being applied to a multidimensional set of spectra permit the multiform spectral images to be created. In order to create these images, the different spectral parameters and their combination can be used, namely: intensity of characteristic bands and their ratios, width of spectral bands, and shift of band frequencies. The decomposition algorithms can be applied to two-dimensional (or three-dimensional) images to deconvolute the overlapped spectra of sample components or to analyze the subtle spectral differences. The three-dimensional performance of the instrument was analyzed in the particular examples of microfluorescence study of matrices for piezoelectric elements production, micro-Raman investigation of fluid inclusions in mineral, micro-Raman mapping of polymeric materials, and microfluorescence analysis of drug interaction with living cancer cells. It is shown that the spectrometer is suitable for a wide range of applications in mineralogy, material research, solid state physics, biophysics, cellular biology, and medicine.
Computational plenoptic image acquisition and display (2011)

Recent advances in camera technology, computing hardware, and optical fabrication have led to the emergence of computational photography, a field exploring the joint design of optical light modulation and computational processing. While conventional cameras record two-dimensional images, the "ultimate" computational camera would capture all visual information with a single shot. The amount of control over such high-dimensional data is unprecedented: dynamic range, depth of field, focus, colour gamut, and time scale of a photograph can be interactively controlled in post-processing. Required visual properties include the colour spectrum as well as spatial, temporal, and directional light variation - the plenoptic function. Unfortunately, digital sensors optically integrate over the plenoptic dimensions; most of the desired information is irreversibly lost in the process. We explore the multiplexed acquisition of the plenoptic function in this thesis. For this purpose, we introduce a mathematical framework that models plenoptic light modulation and corresponding computational processing. This framework not only allows us to evaluate and optimize the optical components of computational cameras, but also subsequent reconstructions. The combined design of optical modulation and computational processing is not only useful for photography, displays benefit from similar ideas. Within this scope, we propose multi-layer architectures and corresponding optimization schemes for glasses-free 3D display. Compared to conventional automultiscopic displays, our devices optimize brightness, resolution, and depth of field while preserving thin form factors. In a different application, adaptive coded apertures are introduced to projection displays as next-generation auto-iris systems. Combined with computational processing that exploits limitations of human perception, these systems increase the depth of field and temporal contrast of conventional projectors. With computational optics, integrated into sunglasses or car windshields, the capabilities of the human visual system can be extended. By optically modulating perceived intensities and colours, we demonstrate applications to contrast manipulation, preattentive object detection, and visual aids for the colour blind. Finally, we introduce computational probes as high-dimensional displays designed for computer vision applications, rather than for direct view. These probes optically encode refraction caused by transparent phenomena into observable changes in colour and intensity. Novel coding schemes enable single-shot reconstructions of transparent, refractive objects.
Applying Cooperative Localization to Swarm UAVS Using an Extended Kalman Filter (2014)

Cooperative Localization (CL) is a process by which autonomous vehicles operating as a team estimate the position of one another to compensate for errors in the positioning sensors used by a single agent. By combining independent measurements originating from members of the team, a single estimate of increased accuracy will result. This approach has the potential to enhance the positional accuracy of an agent over use of a standard GPS, which would be essential for behaviors within a swarm requiring precision move-ments such as maintaining close formation. CL can also provide accurate positional information to the entire group when operating in an intermittent or denied GPS environment. In this thesis, a distributed CL algorithm is implemented on a swarm of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) using an Extended Kalman Filter. Using a technique created for ground robots, the equations are modified to adapt the algorithm to aerial vehicles, and then operation of the algorithm is demonstrated in a centralized system using AR Drones and the Robot Operating System. During tests, the positional accuracy of the UAV using CL improved over use of dead reckoning. However, the performance is not as expected based on the results noted from the referenced two-dimensional application of the al-gorithm. It is presumed that the sensors on-board the AR Drone are responsible. Since the platform is simply a low-cost solution to show proof-of-concept, it is concluded that the implementation of CL presented in this thesis is a suitable approach for enhancing positional accuracy of UAVs within a swarm.
The purification and properties of <i>Escherichia coli</i> methylglyoxal synthase (1972)

1. Methylglyoxal synthase was purified over 1500-fold from glycerol-grown Escherichia coli K 12 strain CA 244. The purified enzyme was inactivated by heat or proteolysis, had a molecular weight of approx. 67000, a pH optimum of 7.5 and was specific for dihydroxyacetone phosphate with K(m) 0.47mm. 2. The possibility that a Schiff-base intermediate was involved in the reaction mechanism was investigated but not confirmed. 3. The purified enzyme lost activity, especially at low temperature, but could be stabilized by P(i). Two binding sites for P(i) may be present on the enzyme. Of other compounds tested only the substrate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, and bovine serum albumin showed any significant stabilizing effect. 4. Phosphoenolpyruvate, 3-phosphoglycerate, PP(i) and P(i) were potent inhibitors of the enzyme. Kinetic experiments showed that PP(i) was apparently a simple competitive inhibitor, but inhibition by the other compounds was more complex. In the presence of P(i) the enzyme behaved co-operatively, with at least three binding sites for dihydroxyacetone phosphate. 5. It is proposed that methylglyoxal synthase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase play important roles in the catabolism of the triose phosphates in E. coli. Channelling of dihydroxyacetone phosphate via methylglyoxal would not be linked to ATP formation and could be involved in the uncoupling of catabolism and anabolism.
Li-ion dynamics and reactivity on the nanoscale (2011)

Progress in the development and optimization of energy storage and conversion materials necessitates understanding their ionic and electrochemical functionality on the nanometer scale of single grain clusters, grains, or extended defects. Classical electrochemical strategies based on Faradaic current detection are fundamentally limited on the nanoscale. Here, we review principles and recent applications of electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM), a scanning probe microscopy (SPM) technique utilizing intrinsic coupling between ionic phenomena and molar volumes. ESM imaging, as well as time and voltage spectroscopies, are illustrated for several Li-ion cathode and anode materials. Finally, perspectives for future ESM developments and applications to other ionic systems are discussed.
Adult Stem Cells: From Bench-Top to Bedside (2013)

Endogenous populations of adult precursor cells have been identifi ed in 13 species of animals, including humans. Adult precursor cells can be divided into two general categories based on particular characteristics. These two categories are stem cells and progenitor cells. The adult stem cell populations consist of totipotent stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, ectodermal stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, endodermal stem cells, surface ectodermal stem cells, neural ectodermal stem cells, neural crest stem cells, somitic mesenchymal stem cells, intermediate mesenchymal stem cells, lateral plate mesenchymal stem cells, endodermal stem cells and their respective intermediary transitional stem cells. The progenitor cell populations consist of multipotent, tripotent,
An unusual fatty acid pattern in<i>Eranthis</i> seed oil (1996)

The current discussion on "renewable resources", and the possibility of gene transfer into rapeseed, has led to many investigations into the biosynthetic pathways leading to industrially useful fatty acids. The various tribes and genera of the plant family Ranunculaceae contain a large variety of unusual fatty acids. Seed fatty acid patterns differ considerably from genus to genus and are chemotaxonomically significant indicators. Eranthis seed oil has now been found to contain a fatty acid pattern that deviates significantly from the eleven different fatty acid patterns that had been described in this plant family. The main fatty acid (up to 57%) is 13-cis, 16-cis-docosadienoic acid. Other, minor fatty acids found are delta 5-cismonoenoic, -dienoic, and -trienoic fatty acids that had already been reported to be constituents of the genus-specific seed oil fatty acid patterns of various genera from this plant family. Capillary gas-liquid chromatographic retention data indicate that 22:3 delta 5 cis, 13 cis, 16 cis is probably also present. Seed fatty acid chemotaxonomic evidence thus points to a different position of Eranthis within the tribes of this plant family. These findings again indicate that the plant family Ranunculaceae would be an ideal object to study fatty acid biosynthesis and phylogenetic evolution, because in other genera of this family other types of desaturation and chain elongation mechanisms predominate.
Quantitative technique for the determination of the number of unoccupied d-electron states in a platinum catalyst using the L2,3 x-ray absorption edge spectra (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative technique for the determination of the number of unoccupied d-electron states in a platinum catalyst using the L2,3 x-ray absorption edge spectraA. N. Mansour, J. W. Cook Jr., and D. E. SayersCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 11, 2330–2334Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150655a029https://doi.org/10.1021/j150655a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1597Altmetric-Citations325LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
HERD IMMUNITY AND COVID-19 VACCINES: AN OVERVIEW (2021)

COVID-19 is a very contagious disease. Vaccines are essential tool to protect from COVID-19 virus Therefore; a vaccine will make a critical addition to immunity system against COVID-19. The World Health Organization estimates that 65 to 70 percent of a given population must be vaccinated to halt the spread of COVID-19 virus. Natural immunity occurs when people become immune to a specific disease after contracting it so immune system makes the antibodies against the germ causing the infection. However, herd immunity occurs when a sufficient percentage of a population is immune to an infectious disease through vaccination or prior illness that it stops the spreading of disease. Currently, social distancing, wearing mask and frequent hand washing are tools that help to prevent the spreading of COVID-19 virus. Here, we review the available COVID-19 vaccines, herd immunity and vaccination towards the safe immunization of the world’s population against COVID-19 virus.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of (60)Fullerene and Imines of . alpha.‐Amino Acid Esters: Formation of Fullerene‐fused Proline Derivatives. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of an Effective Palladium Removal Process for VEGF Oncology Candidate AG13736 and a Simple, Efficient Screening Technique for Scavenger Reagent Identification (2008)

AG13736 (Axitinib), an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) under investigation as an oncology drug, is currently manufactured via a three-step process that utilizes two palladium-mediated cross-couplings. Historically, removal of residual heavy metals from the active pharmaceutical ingredient has been a persistent issue. The development of a much improved process for palladium removal and a useful screening technique developed to rapidly identify the most efficient reagents for this purpose are outlined. The performance of the new endgame process in pilot-plant scale-up is also discussed.
Ultrahigh Throughput Screening System for Directed Glucose Oxidase Evolution in Yeast Cells (2011)

A compartmentalized tyramide labeling system (CoaTi) employing flow cytometry for sorting of yeast cells was developed as ultrahigh-throughput screening for Glucose oxidase (GOx) from Aspergillus niger. CoaTi combines in vitro compartmentalization technology with the CARD reporter system which uses fluorescein tyramide labels for detection of peroxidase activity. Physical connection between cells and fluorescein tyramide radicals was achieved by compartmentalization of yeast cells inside microdroplets of single water-in-oil emulsions. After reaction cells were recovered from single emulsions and sorted by flow cytometry, an error prone PCR mutant library of Glucose oxidase (GOx) containing 10(7) cells and ~10(5) of different GOx variants was screened. Mutagenic conditions of GOx mutant library were selected to generate <1 % of active GOx population in order to explore influence of high mutation frequency on GOx activity. GOx variant Mut12 that contains 5 mutations (N2Y, K13E, T30V, I94V, K152R) showed a 1.2 times decreased K(m) (22.0 vs 18.1 mM) and a 2.7 fold increased k(cat) (150 s(-1) vs 54.8 s(-1)) compared to wt GOx. Compared to the employed parent B11 GOx (16 mM, 80 s(-1)) it has a slightly increased K(m) and 1.8 times increased k(cat).
The Effects of Opioid Peptides on Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens: An In Vivo Microdialysis Study (1990)

An involvement of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system in mediating the motivational effects of opioids has been suggested. Accordingly, the present study employed the technique of in vivo microdialysis to examine the effects of selective mu-, delta-, and kappa- opioids on DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) of anesthetized rats. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the NAC and perfusates were analyzed for DA and its metabolites, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DO-PAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), using a reverse-phase HPLC system with electrochemical detection for separation and quantification. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of selective mu-opioid [D-Ala2, N-methyl-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) or delta-opioid [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin (DPDPE) agonists, at doses that function as positive reinforcers in rats, resulted in an immediate and significant increase in extracellular DA. DOPAC and HVA levels were also significantly increased. The effects of DAMGO were blocked by the selective mu-antagonist D-Pen-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP) whereas those of DPDPE were blocked by the delta-antagonist allyl2-Tyr-Aib-Aib-Phe-Leu-OH (ICI 174,864). In contrast to mu- and delta-agonists, the kappa-agonist N-CH3-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-N-CH3-Arg-D-Leu-NHC2H5 (E-2078), a dynorphin analog that produces aversive states, decreased DA release in a biphasic manner. Norbinaltorphimine, a selective kappa-antagonist, could block this effect. These results demonstrate that mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid agonists differentially affect DA release in the NAC and this action is centrally mediated.
A heuristic-based approach for detecting SQL-injection vulnerabilities in web applications (2010)

SQL injection is one amongst the most dangerous vulnerabilities for Web applications, and it is becoming a frequent cause of attacks as many systems are migrating towards the Web. This paper proposes an approach and a tool-named V1p3R ("viper") for Web application penetration testing. The approach is based on pattern matching of error messages and on outputs produced by the application under test, and relies upon an extensible knowledge base consisting in a large set of templates.