gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of metallic joint electrical conductivity using a novel conductive paste produced from recycled residues (2006)

In industry, the transmission of electricity usually requires high currents transported for very long distances, and in some cases, such as in aluminum plants, the use of high currents is essential for the reduction process. The connections between the electrical furnaces and the transmission cables are made with busbars, which can be comprised of either one or two different types of metal. In this transmission process, the main method to upgrade electrical circuit performance is by improving conductivity at the joint interface. Due to the need to reduce cost and simplify maintenance procedures, the interfaces at the joints are simply brushed, and conductive pastes are pressed between the contacting metals. The material most commonly used is a high-cost graphite paste, which is not produced by any Brazilian company. This paper presents a novel conductive paste, easily elaborated from industrial residues, involving low-cost production, yet presenting better results than those obtained with the graphite paste.
HeLa cell identification by analysis of ribosomal DNA segment patterns generated by endonuclease restriction. (1980)

Restriction endonuclease analysis of HeLa cells and cells in which origins have been questioned provides evidence in favor of a HeLa cell origin for the questioned cells. Digestion of cellular human DNA reveals a variable ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragment that is present in up to four discrete sizes. Cell lines of known and suspected HeLa origin contain only two size variants. This pattern of variability serves to distinguish HeLa-derived cells from others. Despite repeated passage and divergence of the HeLa phenotype and karyotype, the restriction pattern is remarkably constant.
B lymphocyte reconstitution after human bone marrow transplantation. Leu-1 antigen defines a distinct population of B lymphocytes. (1987)

Differences in the expression of Leu-1 (CD5) define two populations of recovering B cells after human marrow transplantation, Leu-1+ and Leu-1- B cells. The Leu-1+ B cells were polyclonal, of donor origin, and did not express detectable interleukin 2 receptor. Leu-1+ B cells generally appeared 2-4 wk after marrow grafting and often preceded the recovery of Leu-1- B cells. Acute and chronic graft vs. host disease (GvHD) resulted in the recovery of significantly fewer Leu-1+ B cells, whereas Leu-1- B cells were only decreased in acute GvHD. Multivariate analysis showed no significant effect of age, disease, prednisone or azathioprine, or ex vivo treatment of the marrow with anti-Leu-1 and complement on recovery of Leu-1+ and Leu-1- B cells, independent of the effects of GvHD. Leu-1+ B cells are a major lymphocyte population posttransplant. They may reflect a stage of differentiation of normal B cells or a separate B cell lineage.
Small laser Doppler velocimeter based on the self-mixing effect in a diode laser (1988)

A very small and simple velocimeter is presented consisting of a diode laser with a gradient-index lens in front of it. The basis of the velocity measurement is the mixing that occurs when light, scattered back by the moving object into the laser cavity, interferes with light inside the laser. This mixing induces large fluctuations of the laser intensity with the Doppler frequency. These fluctuations can be detected either with a photodiode or by measuring the voltage across the diode laser. As an illustration of the performance of the velocimeter, velocity measurements of a rotating disk covered with white paper are described. The differences arising because of using a single-mode or a multilongitudinal mode laser were calculated and verified in experiments. The advantage of the use of a multimode laser is that differential measurements of the distance between laser and moving object are also possible.
Interaction Between Riboflavin and Herring Sperm DNA by Fluorescent Spectrum (2011)

The interaction between the riboflavin(RF) and herring sperm DNA was investigated by fluorescent spectrometry.The influences of ionic strength,temperature and phosphate on the RF-DNA system were studied.The fluorescence spectrum of the RF was quenched by DNA,and the mechanism of action was a static quenching process.The quenching data were analyzed by Stern-Volmer equation,and the quenching constant of 2.82×103L·mol-1 and binding site of 1.17 were obtained.The thermal denaturation temperature of DNA in the presence of the RF indicated the mode of action between RF and DNA was not a classical intercalation mode.The salt effect showed that the interaction of the RF with DNA was mainly electrostatic interaction.
Effect of Acyclovir on Genital Herpes in Guinea Pigs (1982)

The chemotherapeutic efficacy of acyclovir was evaluated in guniea pigs that were inoculated intravaginally with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Acyclovir was administered systemically (50 mg/kg of body weight per day ip) beginning three days after inoculation and continuing for 10-11 days. Treatment with acyclovir reduced the incidence of paralysis of the hind limbs, mortality, and the severity and duration of genital lesions but had little effect on the excretion of virus from the genital tract. Recovery of HSV-2 from neural tissues of infected animals during latent infection was less frequent in acyclovir-treated animals than in untreated ones. These data suggest that acyclovir may be a promising drug for altering the severity of clinical genital herpes in humans during acute infection and reducing the incidence of viral latency following primary infection.
Low-frequency ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar 1995 BoomSAR tests (2002)

The Army Research Laboratory has been investigating the potential of ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar (UWB SAR) technology to detect and classify targets embedded in foliage or in the ground. The UWB foliage penetration (FOPEN) radar program has been extended to include the evaluation of ground penetration (GPEN) radar technology. ARL is investigating these problems by collecting high quality, precision data to support phenomenological investigations of electromagnetic wave propagation through dielectric media. Understanding the phenomenology of wave/target/clutter interactions supports the development of algorithms for automatic target recognition. The latest version of the radar developed by ARL is the UWB BoomSAR mounted on a 150-ft-high mobile boom lift. The BoomSAR is a mobile platform that can travel to various sites to collect target data in a variety of clutter scenarios. This paper provides a description of the boom radar system and imagery from data collections at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, and Yuma Proving Ground, AZ.
Secure cloud-assisted location based reminder (2013)

In this paper, we propose a secure cloud-assisted location based reminder system. The proposed system is secure and responsive. Our system outsources the location testing task --- testing whether the current location is near a reminder location --- to the cloud server such that the device synchronization is not necessary in the system. This feature makes the proposed system more responsive, especially when the reminder message is of large size, e.g., audio, images. Above all, the proposed system protects a user's location privacy and the confidentiality of the reminder message. The system is designed in a way that the cloud server can perform location testing for a user but cannot learn about her current location, reminder locations, and reminder messages. We prove the security of the proposed system and demonstrate its efficiency using simulations on a Motorola Droid smartphone.
Visualizing relativistic effects in spacetime (1989)

We have developed an innovative ray-tracing algorithm to describe Relativistic Effects in SpaceTime (“REST”). Our algorithm, called REST-frame, simulates a generalized world in Spacetime and gives the fine details implicit in the Special Theory of Relativity that have not yet been made apparent. These novel simulations disclose the non-intuitive realm of Special Relativity and, by visualization means, advance beyond the findings of past revelations concerning relativistic effects.
Preparation and characterization of <i>N</i>‐methyl‐substituted polyurethane (2002)

Abstract We prepared N ‐methyl‐substituted polyurethanes with different substitution degrees from sodium hydride, methyl p ‐toluene sulfonate, and polyether–polyurethane containing poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol, 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and 1,4‐butanediol. The chemical structures were characterized with Fourier transform infrared and 1 H NMR. To investigate the effects of the N‐substitution degree on the morphology, thermal stability, and mechanical properties, we used differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and a universal testing machine. As the substitution degree increased, the new free (1708 cm −1 ) and bonded (1650 cm −1 ) carbonyl peaks increased. There was no bonded carbonyl peak in fully substituted polyurethane because the urethane groups had no hydrogen. At a small substitution degree, we observed a slight increase in the glass‐transition temperature and decrease in the endotherms of soft‐segment and hard‐segment domains due to the decrease in the hard‐segment domain and the increase in the urethane groups in the soft‐segment domain. The hard‐segment domain decreased and then disappeared as the N ‐methyl substitution degree increased. These changes in the morphology resulted (1) in decreased modulus and tensile strength for the films because of the decrease in physical crosslinking points and (2) improved thermal stability as the substitution degree increased. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 4077–4083, 2002
Targeted resequencing reveals genomic signatures of barley domestication (2018)

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an established model to study domestication of the Fertile Crescent cereals. Recent molecular data suggested that domesticated barley genomes consist of the ancestral blocks descending from multiple wild barley populations. However, the relationship between the mosaic ancestry patterns and the process of domestication itself remained unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we identified candidate domestication genes using selection scans based on targeted resequencing of 433 wild and domesticated barley accessions. We conducted phylogenetic, population structure, and ancestry analyses to investigate the origin of the domesticated barley haplotypes separately at the neutral and candidate domestication loci. We discovered multiple selective sweeps that occurred on all barley chromosomes during domestication in the background of several ancestral wild populations. The ancestry analyses demonstrated that, although the ancestral blocks of the domesticated barley genomes were descended from all over the Fertile Crescent, the candidate domestication loci originated specifically in its eastern and western parts. These findings provided the first molecular evidence implicating multiple wild or protodomesticated lineages in the process of barley domestication initiated in the Levantine and Zagros clusters of the origin of agriculture.
Applications of Alginate in Bioseparation of Proteins (2006)

Alginate is a polysaccharide that is a block polymer consisting of block units of guluronic acid and mannuronic acid. It shows inherent biological affinity for a variety of enzymes such as pectinase, lipase, phospholipase D, a and ss amylases and glucoamylase. Taking advantage of its precipitation with Ca2+ and the above-mentioned property, alginate has been used for purification of these enzymes by affinity precipitation, aqueous two phase separation, macroaffinity ligand facilitated three phase partitioning, immobilized metal affinity chromatography and expanded bed affinity chromatography. Thus, this versatile marine resource has tremendous potential in bioseparation of proteins.
Arousal Effect of Caffeine Depends on Adenosine A2A Receptors in the Shell of the Nucleus Accumbens (2011)

Caffeine, the most widely used psychoactive compound, is an adenosine receptor antagonist. It promotes wakefulness by blocking adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)Rs) in the brain, but the specific neurons on which caffeine acts to produce arousal have not been identified. Using selective gene deletion strategies based on the Cre/loxP technology in mice and focal RNA interference to silence the expression of A(2A)Rs in rats by local infection with adeno-associated virus carrying short-hairpin RNA, we report that the A(2A)Rs in the shell region of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are responsible for the effect of caffeine on wakefulness. Caffeine-induced arousal was not affected in rats when A(2A)Rs were focally removed from the NAc core or other A(2A)R-positive areas of the basal ganglia. Our observations suggest that caffeine promotes arousal by activating pathways that traditionally have been associated with motivational and motor responses in the brain.
Hydroxamate Flotation of Malachite (1979)

AbstractAbstractThe point of zero charge (PZC) of malachite has been determined to be pH 7.9, which is found to correspond closely to the weighted average of EP(Cu2+, HCO3−) and EP(CuOH+ , Cu(OH) 3−) of the malachite-water-air system. The hydroxamate flotation of malachite is effective between pH 6 and 10, a region in which HCO3− and CuOH+ ions are the predominant potential determining ions for malachite. Adsorption measurements and infrared analysis indicate that in this pH range octyl hydroxamate chemisorbs on malachite surface. A proposed chemisorption mechanism suggests that a pair of HCO3− and OH− ions is displaced for each hydroxamate ion adsorbed. Résumé On a déterminé que le PCN de la malachite se situe à un pH de 7.9, ce qui est très proche de la moyenne du PE(Cu2+, HCO3−) et du PE(CuOH+ , Cu(OH) 3−) du système malachite-eau-air. On peut flotter la malachite en utilisant un hydroxamate comme collecteur entre un pH de 6 et de 10, ce qui correspond à la règion de prèdominance des ions HCO3− et CuOH+, en ce qui a trait au potentiel de la malachite. On a pu déterminer, à l'aide de mesures d'adsoption et d'analyses infrarouges, que l'octyl-hydroxamate est chemisorbé à la surface de la malachite à ces pH. On propose un méchamisme de chemisorption qui suggèrerait qu'une paire d'anions HC3− et OH− est déplacée pour chaque ion hydroxamate adsorbé.
Recapitulation of B cell differentiation in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (2004)

Clonally expanded populations of B cells carrying somatic mutations of Ig variable (V) region genes have been detected in the CNS of subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting that a process of B cell affinity maturation with ensuing production of potentially pathogenic autoantibodies may occur inside the CNS. Here, we have characterized the B cell subsets present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients and of individuals with other inflammatory neurological disorders by flow cytometry. CD19(+)CD38(high+)CD77(+), Ki67(+), Bcl-2(-) centroblasts, i.e., a B cell subset found exclusively in secondary lymphoid organs, were detected in the CSF but not in paired peripheral blood from both patient groups. CD27(+)IgD(-) memory B cells, i.e., cells with hyper-mutated IgV genes, were significantly increased in the CSF vs. paired peripheral blood and displayed up-regulation of the CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules and of CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 1, CCR2, and CCR4 in both patient groups. Lymphotoxin-alpha, CXC ligand (CXCL) 12, and CXCL13, key mediators of lymphoid neogenesis, were present in the CSF from patients with MS and other inflammatory neurological disorders and were expressed in MS brain tissue, with selective localization in the outer layer of the capillary vessel wall. In conclusion, this study suggests that a compartmentalized B cell response occurs within the CNS during an ongoing inflammatory reaction, through a recapitulation of all stages of B cell differentiation observed in secondary lymphoid organs. The presence of lymphotoxin-alpha, CXCL12, and CXCL13 in the CNS may provide favorable microenvironmental conditions for these events.
Modulation of Glioma Cell Migration and Invasion Using Cl<sup>−</sup>and K<sup>+</sup>Ion Channel Blockers (1999)

Human malignant gliomas are highly invasive tumors. Mechanisms that allow glioma cells to disseminate, migrating through the narrow extracellular brain spaces are poorly understood. We recently demonstrated expression of large voltage-dependent chloride (Cl(-)) currents, selectively expressed by human glioma cells in vitro and in situ (Ullrich et al., 1998). Currents are sensitive to several Cl(-) channel blockers, including chlorotoxin (Ctx), (Ullrich and Sontheimer; 1996; Ullrich et al; 1996), tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), and tamoxifen (Ransom and Sontheimer, 1998). Using Transwell migration assays, we show that blockade of glioma Cl(-) channels specifically inhibits tumor cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. Ctx (5 microM), tamoxifen (10 microM), and TEA (1 mM) also prevented invasion of human glioma cells into fetal rat brain aggregates, used as an in vitro model to assess tumor invasiveness. Anion replacement studies suggest that permeation of chloride ions through glioma chloride channel is obligatory for cell migration. Osmotically induced cell swelling and subsequent regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in cultured glioma cells were reversibly prevented by 1 mM TEA, 10 microM tamoxifen, and irreversibly blocked by 5 microM Ctx added to the hypotonic media. Cl(-) fluxes associated with adaptive shape changes elicited by cell swelling and RVD in glioma cells were inhibited by 5 microM Ctx, 10 microM tamoxifen, and 1 mM TEA, as determined using the Cl(-)-sensitive fluorescent dye 6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium iodide. Collectively, these data suggest that chloride channels in glioma cells may enable tumor invasiveness, presumably by facilitating cell shape and cell volume changes that are more conducive to migration and invasion.
POWDER METALLURGY CARBON FREE TOOL STEELS Fe-Co- Mo WITH VARYING Co AND Mo CONTENTS (2013)

Carbon-free precipitation hardened tool steels of the type Fe-Co-Mo/W have been shown to exhibit as-heat-treated hardness levels similar to those of carbidic high speed steels but markedly higher resistance to heat softening. However, the high content of expensive alloy elements is a marked disadvantage. Here, the effect of the Co and Mo contents, respectively, on hardness and microstructure has been studied. It has been shown that the Co:Mo ratio plays a major role, ratios >1 being preferable; otherwise, the material remains in the α structure during sintering and heat treatment, respectively, with resulting pronounced grain coarsening. With lower Co content, the peak hardness is attained at progressively higher aging temperatures; the absolute hardness level is however lowered. 15% Mo results in hardness levels that are 5-10 HRC higher than 10%Mo at the same Co content. Generally it must be stated that for high speed cutting applications only the materials Fe-25%Co15% Mo and, for slightly less demanding applications, Fe-20%Co-15% Mo are promising, while lower-alloyed variants are possibly suited for cold work and hot work applications, in which case their virtually distortion-free hardening response might be a distinct advantage.
Characteristics of Papers and the Morphological Properties of Woods (1967)

The weight volume of wood, WRV of pulp and certain physical properties of paper of some tropical and Japanese hardwoods were studied from the morphological point of view.Correlation between the ratio of lumen diameter and fiber diameter (l/D) was found to have close relationship to such properties as the weight volume of wood, the water retention value of pulp, the bulk density, stiffness, burst factor, breaking length, folding number and air permeability of paper. And the correlation between the ratio of fiber length and fiber diameter (L/D) and the tear factor of paper was revealed.Thus it may be possible to estimate the quality of pulpwoods and to improve the characteristics of papers by making use of these fiber dimension ratios as indices.
Design and Performance of a Bidirectional Isolated DC–DC Converter for a Battery Energy Storage System (2011)

This paper describes the design and performance of a 6-kW, full-bridge, bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter using a 20-kHz transformer for a 53.2-V, 2-kWh lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery energy storage system. The dc voltage at the high-voltage side is controlled from 305 to 355 V, as the battery voltage at the low-voltage side (LVS) varies from 50 to 59 V. The maximal efficiency of the dc-dc converter is measured to be 96.0% during battery charging, and 96.9% during battery discharging. Moreover, this paper analyzes the effect of unavoidable dc-bias currents on the magnetic-flux saturation of the transformer. Finally, it provides the dc-dc converter loss breakdown with more focus on the LVS converter.
Rate-based versus queue-based models of congestion control (2004)

Mathematical models of congestion control capture the congestion indication mechanism at the router in two different ways: rate-based models, where the queue-length at the router does not explicitly appear in the model, and queue-based models, where the queue length at the router is explicitly a part of the model. Even though most congestion indication mechanisms use the queue length to compute the packet marking or dropping probability to indicate congestion, we argue that, depending upon the choice of the parameters of the AQM scheme, one would obtain a rate-based model or a rate-and-queue-based model as the deterministic limit of a stochastic system with a large number of users. We also consider the impact of implementing AQM schemes in the real queue or a virtual queue. If an AQM scheme is implemented in a real queue, we show that, to ensure that the queuing delays are negligible compared to RTTs, one is forced to choose the parameters of a AQM scheme in a manner which yields a rate-based deterministic model. On the other hand, if the AQM scheme is implemented in a virtual queue, small-queue operation is achieved independent of the choice of the parameters, thus showing a robustness property of virtual queue-based schemes.
On the coupling of aryldiazonium salts with N,N-disubstituted 2-aminothiophenes and some of their carbocyclic and heterocyclic analogues (2000)

As exemplified with the morpholino derivatives 7, N,N-disubstituted 2-aminothiophenes couple, depending on the substitution pattern at C(5), with aryldiazonium salts 1 either at their C(3) or C(5) position yielding the corresponding 3-arylazo-2-morpholinothiophenes 9 or, under elimination of the substituent at C(5), 5-arylazo-2-morpholinothiophenes 10. This reaction contrasts to the behaviour of 5-morpholinothiazoles 8 and dimethylaniline 13 towards the same diazonium salts 1 which are unable to couple with these compounds if their C(5) or C(4) position, respectively, is not substituted by H, COOH or CHO.
Improvements of Object Detection Using Boosted Histograms (2006)

We present a method for object detection that combines AdaBoost learning with local histogram features. On the side of learning we improve the performance by designing a weak learner for multi-valued features based on Weighted Fisher Linear Discriminant. Evaluation on the recent benchmark for object detection confirms the superior performance of our method compared to the state-of-the-art. In particular, using a single set of parameters our approach outperforms all methods reported in [5] for 7 out of 8 detection tasks and four object classes.