gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunotype and Immunohistologic Characteristics of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells Are Associated with Clinical Outcome in Metastatic Melanoma (2012)

Immune cells infiltrating the microenvironment of melanoma metastases may either limit or promote tumor progression, but the characteristics that distinguish these effects are obscure. In this study, we systematically evaluated the composition and organization of immune cells that infiltrated melanoma metastases in human patients. Three histologic patterns of immune cell infiltration were identified, designated immunotypes A, B, and C. Immunotype A was characterized by no immune cell infiltrate. Immunotype B was characterized by infiltration of immune cells limited only to regions proximal to intratumoral blood vessels. Immunotype C was characterized by a diffuse immune cell infiltrate throughout a metastatic tumor. These immunotypes represented 29%, 63%, and 8% of metastases with estimated median survival periods of 15, 23, and 130 months, respectively. Notably, from immunotypes A to C, there were increasing proportions of B cells and decreasing proportions of macrophages. Overall, the predominant immune cells were T cells (53%), B cell lineage cells (33%), and macrophages (13%), with natural killer and mature dendritic cells only rarely present. Whereas higher densities of CD8(+) T cells correlated best with survival, a higher density of CD45(+) leukocytes, T cells, and B cells also correlated with increased survival. Together, our findings reveal striking differences in the immune infiltrate in melanoma metastases in patients, suggesting microenvironmental differences in immune homing receptors and ligands that affect immune cell recruitment. These findings are important, not only by revealing how the immune microenvironment can affect outcomes but also because they reveal characteristics that may help improve individualized therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma.
<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>StoA Is a Thiol-Disulfide Oxidoreductase Important for Spore Cortex Synthesis (2004)

Bacillus subtilis is an endospore-forming bacterium. There are indications that protein disulfide linkages occur in spores, but the role of thiol-disulfide chemistry in spore synthesis is not understood. Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases catalyze formation or breakage of disulfide bonds in proteins. CcdA is the only B. subtilis thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that has previously been shown to play some role in endospore biogenesis. In this work we show that lack of the StoA (YkvV) protein results in spores sensitive to heat, lysozyme, and chloroform. Compared to CcdA deficiency, StoA deficiency results in a 100-fold-stronger negative effect on sporulation efficiency. StoA is a membrane-bound protein with a predicted thioredoxin-like domain probably localized in the intermembrane space of the forespore. Electron microscopy of spores of CcdA- and StoA-deficient strains showed that the spore cortex is absent in both cases. The BdbD protein catalyzes formation of disulfide bonds in proteins on the outer side of the cytoplasmic membrane but is not required for sporulation. Inactivation of bdbD was found to suppress the sporulation defect of a strain deficient in StoA. Our results indicate that StoA is a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that is involved in breaking disulfide bonds in cortex components or in proteins important for cortex synthesis.
Jagged1 mutations in patients ascertained with isolated congenital heart defects (1999)

Mutations in Jagged1 cause Alagille syndrome (AGS), a pleiotropic disorder with involvement of the liver, heart, skeleton, eyes, and facial structures. Cardiac defects are seen in more than 95% of AGS patients. Most commonly these are right-sided defects ranging from mild peripheral pulmonic stenosis to severe forms of tetralogy of Fallot. AGS demonstrates highly variable expressivity with respect to all of the involved systems. This leads us to hypothesize that defects in Jagged1 can be found in patients with presumably isolated heart defects, such as tetralogy of Fallot or pulmonic stenosis. Two patients with heart defects of the type seen in AGS and their relatives were investigated for alterations in the Jagged1 gene. Jagged1 was screened by a combination of cytogenetic and molecular techniques. Patient 1 was studied because of a four-generation history of pulmonic stenosis. Molecular analysis showed a point mutation in Jagged1 in the patient and her mother. Patient 2 was investigated owing to the finding of tetralogy of Fallot and a “butterfly” vertebra on chest radiograph first noted at age 5 years. She was found to have a deletion of chromosome region 20p12 that encompassed the entire Jagged1 gene. The identification of these two patients suggests that other patients with right-sided heart defects may have subtle findings of AGS and Jagged1 mutations. Am. J. Med. Genet. 84:56–60, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Experimental Investigations in Low-Noise Trailing Edge Design. (2005)

Within a parametric study on brush-type trailing-edge extensions, the noise reduction potential of several design concepts was determined. The obtained database represents the first phase of an ongoing project with the long-term objective to develop scaling laws for a future application of such devices as add-on solutions for today's aircraft components. The experiments comprised both acoustic and aerodynamic measurements on a zero-lift generic plate model (Re = 2.1 x 10 6 to 7.9 × 10 6 ) in DLR's open jet Aeroacoustic Wind Tunnel Braunschweig. Noise data were taken by means of a directional microphone system. Measurement results indicate a significant source noise reduction potential in excess of 10 dB, depending on the configuration. Two relevant noise reduction mechanisms were identified: 1) the suppression of narrowband bluntness noise, as well as 2) the reduction of broadband turbulent boundary-layer trailing-edge noise.
Optimization of a Sampling System for Recovery and Detection of Airborne Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Swine Influenza Virus (2006)

The objective of this research was to optimize sampling parameters for increased recovery and detection of airborne porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza virus (SIV). Collection media containing antifoams, activated carbons, protectants, and ethylene glycol were evaluated for direct effects on factors impacting the detection of PRRSV and SIV, including virus infectivity, viability of continuous cell lines used for the isolation of these viruses, and performance of reverse transcriptase PCR assays. The results showed that specific compounds influenced the likelihood of detecting PRRSV and SIV in collection medium. A subsequent study evaluated the effects of collection medium, impinger model, and sampling time on the recovery of aerosolized PRRSV using a method for making direct comparisons of up to six treatments simultaneously. The results demonstrated that various components in air-sampling systems, including collection medium, impinger model, and sampling time, independently influenced the recovery and detection of PRRSV and/or SIV. Interestingly, it was demonstrated that a 20% solution of ethylene glycol collected the greatest quantity of aerosolized PRRSV, which suggests the possibility of sampling at temperatures below freezing. Based on the results of these experiments, it is recommended that air-sampling systems be optimized for the target pathogen(s) and that recovery/detection results should be interpreted in the context of the actual performance of the system.
Antitumor Efficacy of 7β, 17α-Dimethyltestosterone (Calusterone) in Advanced Female Breast Cancer (1970)

Twenty-two women with far advanced, hormone-refractory breast cancer were treated with 7β,17α dimethyltestosterone (calusterone), 150 to 300 mg per day by mouth, to test its antitumor efficacy. Using the strict criteria of the Cooperative Breast Cancer Group, 14 of the women (64 percent) obtained objective regressions. Regressions lasted for from 3 to 20 months, averaging 7 months. Undesirable actions are those of a 17α-alkylated, weak androgen with inconstant bromsulphalein retention, but without elevation of serum bilirubin levels or of hepatic enzymes. This compound has potent antitumor efficacy in women with advanced breast cancer, is better tolerated than most chemotherapeutic or steroidal antitumor agents, and will probably assume an important position in the care of these patients.
Silane reductions in acidic media. VII. Aluminum chloride catalyzed hydrogen-halogen exchange between organosilanes and alkyl halides. An efficient hydrocarbon synthesis (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilane reductions in acidic media. VII. Aluminum chloride catalyzed hydrogen-halogen exchange between organosilanes and alkyl halides. An efficient hydrocarbon synthesisMichael P. Doyle, Charles C. McOsker, and Charles T. WestCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 8, 1393–1396Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00870a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views664Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (567 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Fusing Depth and Silhouette for Scanning Transparent Object with RGB-D Sensor (2017)

3D reconstruction based on structured light or laser scan has been widely used in industrial measurement, robot navigation, and virtual reality. However, most modern range sensors fail to scan transparent objects and some other special materials, of which the surface cannot reflect back the accurate depth because of the absorption and refraction of light. In this paper, we fuse the depth and silhouette information from an RGB-D sensor (Kinect v1) to recover the lost surface of transparent objects. Our system is divided into two parts. First, we utilize the zero and wrong depth led by transparent materials from multiple views to search for the 3D region which contains the transparent object. Then, based on shape from silhouette technology, we recover the 3D model by visual hull within these noisy regions. Joint Grabcut segmentation is operated on multiple color images to extract the silhouette. The initial constraint for Grabcut is automatically determined. Experiments validate that our approach can improve the 3D model of transparent object in real-world scene. Our system is time-saving, robust, and without any interactive operation throughout the process.
Modeling accelerator structures and RF components (1993)

Computer modeling has become an integral part of the design and analysis of accelerator structures and RF components. Sophisticated 3D codes, powerful workstations, and timely theory support all contributed to this development. We will describe our modeling experience with these resources and discuss their impact on ongoing work at SLAC. Specific examples from R&D on a future linear collider and a proposed e+e− storage ring will be included.
14.5 A 0.53THz reconfigurable source array with up to 1mW radiated power for terahertz imaging applications in 0.13&#x03BC;m SiGe BiCMOS (2014)

Recently, silicon-based THz video cameras have been demonstrated for industrial, surveillance, scientific, and medical applications in the THz range (300GHz to 3THz) [1]. Such camera implementations favor pixels with antenna-coupled direct detectors for a low power dissipation and a high pixel count. Despite this progress, they lack the required sensitivity for passive imaging and imagers are in the need of artificial illumination to provide the required image quality. The choice has been to use expensive high-power focused illumination with a single direction for the incoming beam, which seriously limits the image quality due to its specular nature. Additionally, detectors in a focal-plane array configuration share the available source power and the image SNR further drops with the camera resolution. Like imaging at visible light, where shades or reflectors are commonly used, active THz imaging would greatly benefit from incoherent artificial light sources to adjust brightness, phase/frequency, and the direction of light to obtain the desired lighting conditions.
Effects of Temperature, Pressure, and Metal Promoter on the Recrystallized Structure and Optical Transmission of Chemical Vapor Deposited Zinc Sulfide (2009)

Structural changes from processing in polytype‐rich zinc sulfide (ZnS) are complex and poorly understood. In this study, recrystallization was induced in chemical vapor deposited ZnS by annealing and hot isostatic pressing (HIPping). Samples were characterized using optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, electron diffraction, polycrystalline and powder X‐ray diffraction, and transmission spectroscopy. Recrystallization was found to reduce the hexagonality and increase the {111} texture of as‐deposited ZnS. Changes in hexagonality and texture can occur independently of each other. HIPped ZnS with superior transmission exhibits both a change in texture and a reduction in hexagonal content. Reduction in hexagonality, alone, was not sufficient to improve optical transmission from the visible to the infrared. For the first time, the effects of pressure, temperature, and the presence of platinum on recrystallization during commercial ZnS HIPping are separated and identified. Platinum was found to actively promote recrystallization and silver demonstrated a similar effect. Several theories focusing on the unique polytypic nature of ZnS are offered to explain the changes in structure and properties occurring during recrystallization. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of the nature of order–disorder and martensitic phase transformations in ceramic materials.
Design and Application of the Novel Low-Threshold Comparator Using Hysteresis (2006)

Comparators using hysteresis were widely used in IC design. The paper first introduces the design of the conventional comparator using hysteresis and its disadvantage for the low-threshold compare. Then a novel low-threshold comparator using hysteresis is developed. The threshold and width of the new comparator can be reduced to the mV range, the resolution and the dynamic characteristics are also good. Finally, a typical application of the new comparator using hysteresis is given for the AC-DC control circuit. Its threshold is 50mV and width is 20mV
r-Shaped Hybrid Nanogenerator with Enhanced Piezoelectricity (2013)

Piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators (NGs) have been proposed in the past few years to effectively harvest mechanical energy from the environment. Here, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer is placed under the aluminum electrode of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), thus forming an r-shaped hybrid NG. Micro/nanostructures have been fabricated on the PDMS surface and the aluminum electrodes of PVDF to enhance the output performance. Power densities of the piezoelectric part and the triboelectric part are 10.95 and 2.04 mW/cm(3), respectively. Moreover, influence of the triboelectric charges on the piezoelectric output voltage is investigated. Both finite element method simulations and experimental measurements are conducted to verify this phenomenon. The novel hybrid NG is also demonstrated as a power source for consumer electronics. Through one cycle of electric generation, 10 light-emitting diodes are lighted up instantaneously, and a 4-bit liquid crystal display can display continuously for more than 15 s. Besides, the device is integrated into a keyboard to harvest energy in the typing process.
Neurogenic Effect of  -Amyloid Peptide in the Development of Neural Stem Cells (2004)

The adult mammalian brain contains neural stem cells (NSCs) with self-renewal and multilineage potential in the hippocampus and subventricular zone. However, neurogenesis from these areas does not compensate for neuronal loss in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). To test whether an impairment of neurogenesis could contribute to the pathogenesis of AD, we examined the effects of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) on the survival and neuronal differentiation of cultured NSCs from striatum and hippocampus. We show that Abeta peptide does not impair the neurogenic rate in NSC progeny, but that it increases the total number of neurons in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The neurogenic effect of Abeta peptide is not dependent on soluble factors released from the NSC progeny. Neurogenesis is induced by Abeta42 and not Abeta40 or Abeta 25-35, and the activity appears to be a property of Abeta oligomers and not fibrils. These results suggest that Abeta may have positive as well as deleterious actions, and that a knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the former could be valuable in exploiting the regenerative and plastic potential of the brain in preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease.
A Machine Learning Approach to Detection of Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Power Grids (2019)

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in power grids are mainly caused by geomagnetic disturbances especially during solar storms. Such currents can potentially cause negative impacts on power grid equipment and even damage the power transformers resulting in a significant risk of blackouts. Therefore, monitoring GICs in power systems and developing solutions to mitigate their impacts before rising to a certain threatening level is urgently in need. Monitoring GICs is, however, quite a challenge and costly, as they usually appear in forms of DC components in the high voltage transmission lines, which are barely accessible through transformers. By examining the measured currents from the current transformers (CTs), this paper proposes a framework to detect GICs in power transmission systems through a hybrid time-frequency analysis combined with machining learning technology. Simulated results verify that the proposed approach can promisingly estimate GICs in power systems during a variety of grid operating conditions.
Low temperature deposition of 2D WS<sub>2</sub> layers from WF<sub>6</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S precursors: impact of reducing agents (2015)

We demonstrate the impact of reducing agents for Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of WS2 from WF6 and H2S precursors. Nanocrystalline WS2 layers with a two-dimensional structure can be obtained at low deposition temperatures (300-450 °C) without using a template or anneal.
The Repressed Nuclear Receptor CAR Responds to Phenobarbital in Activating the Human CYP2B6 Gene (1999)

The endogenous CYP2B6 gene becomes phenobarbital (PB) inducible in androstenol-treated HepG2 cells either transiently or stably transfected with a nuclear receptor CAR expression vector. The PB induction mediated by CAR is regulated by a conserved 51-base pair element called PB-responsive enhancer module (PBREM) that has now been located between -1733 and -1683 bp in the gene's 5'-flanking region. An in vitro translated CAR acting as a retinoid X receptor alpha heterodimer binds directly to the two nuclear receptor sites NR1 and NR2 within PBREM. In a stably transfected HepG2 cell line, both PBREM and NR1 are activated by PB and PB-type compounds such as chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorpromazine. In addition to PBREM, CAR also transactivates the steroid/rifampicin-response element of the human CYP3A4 gene in HepG2 cells. Thus, activation of the repressed nuclear receptor CAR appears to be a versatile mediator that regulates PB induction of the CYP2B and other genes.
Lipid signalling in health and disease (2013)

This series of reviews is based on the FEBS Advanced Course on 'Lipid Signaling and Cancer' (4-10 October 2012, Vico Equense, Italy). The course encompassed the relationships between studies of basic and more translational aspects on the prevalence of altered lipid metabolism in different cancer types with a particular focus on phosphoinositides and sphingolipids. The reviews highlight both the basic aspects of these lipid classes and their roles in cancer development, and their potential as drug targets in cancer treatment.
Subband Kalman filtering for speech enhancement (1998)

Kalman filtering is an effective speech-enhancement technique, in which speech signals are usually modeled as autoregressive (AR) processes and represented in the state-space domain. Since AR coefficients identification and Kalman filtering require extensive computations, real-time implementation of this approach is difficult. This paper proposes a simple and practical scheme that overcomes these obstacles. Speech signals are first decomposed into subbands. Subband speech signals are then modeled as low-order AR processes, such that low-order Kalman filters can be applied. Enhanced fullband speech signals are finally obtained by combining the enhanced subband speech signals. To identify AR coefficients, prediction-error filters adapted by the LMS algorithm are applied. Due to noisy inputs, the LMS algorithm converges to biased solutions. The performance of the Kalman filter with biased parameters is analyzed. It is shown that accurate estimates of AR coefficients are not required when the driving-noise variance is properly estimated. New methods for making such estimates are proposed. Thus, we can tolerate biased AR coefficients and take advantage of the LMS algorithm's simple structure. Simulation results show that speech enhancement in the subband domain not only greatly reduces the computational complexity, but also achieves better performance compared to that in the fullband domain.
A Unique 3D In Vitro Cellular Invasion Assay (2012)

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques using a bioreactor have been used to co-culture various breast cancer cell lines. Comparisons between 3D co-cultures containing different proportions of breast cancer cell lines have been made with respect to cluster size, cell surface marker distribution, and Ki67 expression. Furthermore, an observed difference in invasion through collagen between co-cultures has been briefly reported. However, these assays have not yet been developed into a quantifiable methodology to assess the effects of drugs and/or microenvironments on cellular invasion. From a cancer perspective, two important aspects of cellular invasion that are often left out of in vitro assays are considerations about the 3D structural heterogeneity of the primary tumor and the ability of cells to migrate in all directions. Accordingly, we have taken advantage of the methodology previously described for 3D cell culture techniques and have developed a 3D invasion assay using cell clusters that can be used to assess the effects of different drugs and treatment conditions on cancer cell invasion. We also describe a novel whole-mount technique that permits fluorescence-based immunolocalization of proteins through the entire tumorsphere, without the need for sectioning. Our assay provides a simple, inexpensive, and physiologically relevant context to study cellular invasion in vitro, in a way that recapitulates an in vivo milieu.