gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From Lignin‐derived Aromatic Compounds to Novel Biobased Polymers (2015)

Nowadays, the synthesis of (semi)aromatic polymers from lignin derivatives is of major interest, as aromatic compounds are key intermediates in the manufacture of polymers and lignin is the main source of aromatic biobased substrates. Phenols with a variety of chemical structures can be obtained from lignin deconstruction; among them, vanillin and ferulic acid are the main ones. Depending on the phenol substrates, different chemical modifications and polymerization pathways are developed, leading to (semi)aromatic polymers covering a wide range of thermomechanical properties. This review discusses the synthesis and properties of thermosets (vinyl ester resins, cyanate ester, epoxy, and benzoxazine resins) and thermoplastic polymers (polyesters, polyanhydrides, Schiff base polymers, polyacetals, polyoxalates, polycarbonates, acrylate polymers) prepared from vanillin, ferulic acid, guaiacol, syringaldehyde, or 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Zero velocity detection for inertial sensor-based personal navigation systems (2010)

A personal navigation algorithm using inertial sensors computes the position by double integrating acceleration. In the algorithm, the zero velocity updating plays an important role. To use the zero velocity updating, it is necessary to detect zero velocity intervals reliably. A new zero detection algorithm is proposed in the paper, where one gyroscope value is used. A Markov model is constructed using segmentation of gyroscope outputs instead of using gyroscope outputs directly, which makes the zero velocity detection more reliable.
Susceptibility of Lewis and Fischer rats to stress-induced worsening of TNB-colitis: protective role of brain CRF (1999)

We assessed the role of central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in stress-induced worsening of colitis in inbred rat strains with hypo (Lewis/N) and hyper (Fischer344/N) CRF responses to stress. Intracolonic administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNB) induced colitis of similar severity in both strains as assessed on day 7 by macroscopic scoring, histological evaluation, tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and decrease in food intake and body weight. Colitis was inhibited by daily intracerebroventricular injections of CRF in both strains. Chronic stress (3 h/day, water avoidance or wrap restraint on alternate days for 6 days) aggravated colitis more in Lewis than Fischer rats (71 and 22% further increase in MPO activity, respectively). The CRF antagonist astressin injected intracerebroventricularly enhanced the colitis response to stress and caused mortality in both strains. Fischer rats had higher plasma corticosterone levels 20 min after stress alone on day 1 and after TNB plus stress on days 1 and 3 compared with Lewis. These data show that central CRF restrains the proinflammatory action of stress in experimental colitis.
Immunodiagnosis of taeniasis by coproantigen detection (1990)

Immunodiagnostic tests for Taenia-specific faecal antigen based on polyclonal rabbit antisera against Taenia saginata or Taenia solium proglottid extracts in capture-type ELISA assays have been developed. Taenia-specific antigen was detected in detergent-solubilized faecal extracts from T. solium- and T. saginata-infected hosts. Coproantigen from T. solium-infected hamsters did not cross-react with faeces from rodents infected with Hymenolepis diminuta, H. citelli, H. microstoma, Necator americanus, Strongyloides ratti or Nematospiroides dubius and faeces from uninfected animals. When the T. saginata-capture ELISA was tested with faecal samples positive for T. solium antigen, no cross-reactions were obtained. However, faecal samples from humans infected with T. solium or T. saginata, including some with extremely low egg counts, were cross-reactive by either test. Nevertheless, considerably higher O.D. values were obtained with stool samples from Taenia patients compared to Hymenolepis nana-infected or uninfected individuals. Two individuals, infected with Taenia sp. and positive for coproantigens by ELISA, became antigen-negative 6 days after treatment with Niclosamide. The possibility of developing species-specific immunodiagnostic tests for human taeniasis through coproantigen detection is discussed.
Hierarchy based statistical fault simulation of mixed-signal ICs (2002)

In this work we present a behavioral fault simulation technique for mixed-signal ICs, wherein a robust function approximation method namely regression splines are applied to automatically extract behavioral block parameters. The use of these robust high-level functions enables true behavioral fault simulation while preserving the statistical dependence on the process tolerance. We demonstrate significant speed-up over traditional Monte Carlo methods for two typical mixed-signal circuits, a sigma-delta modulator and a PLL.
Transformation of the Anticancer Drug Doxorubicin in the Human Gut Microbiome (2017)

Bacteria living in the human gut are implicated in the etiology of several diseases. Moreover, dozens of drugs are metabolized by elements of the gut microbiome, which may have further implications for human health. Here, we screened a collection of gut isolates for their ability to inactivate the widely used antineoplastic drug doxorubicin and identified a strain of Raoultella planticola as a potent inactivator under anaerobic conditions. We demonstrate that R. planticola deglycosylates doxorubicin to metabolites 7-deoxydoxorubicinol and 7-deoxydoxorubicinolone via a reductive deglycosylation mechanism. We further show that doxorubicin is degraded anaerobically by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli BW25113 and present evidence that this phenotype is dependent on molybdopterin-dependent enzyme(s). Deglycosylation of doxorubicin by R. planticola under anaerobic conditions is found to reduce toxicity to the model species Caenorhabditis elegans, providing a model to begin understanding the role of doxorubicin metabolism by microbes in the human gut. Understanding the in vivo metabolism of important therapeutics like doxorubicin by the gut microbiome has the potential to guide clinical dosing to maximize therapeutic benefit while limiting undesirable side effects.
Development of Cookie Test for the Simultaneous Determination of Glucose Intolerance, Hyperinsulinemia, Insulin Resistance and Postprandial Dyslipidemia (2006)

A new cookie test was developed for the simultaneous evaluation of multiple risk factors such as glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and postprandial dyslipidemia. The cookie consisting of 75 g carbohydrate and 25 g fat is ingested and the blood samples are obtained at 0, 1 and 2 hours later. When the two carbohydrate sources, liquid glucose and test cookie, were compared as a glucose load within 3 months, the 2 hr plasma glucose levels were not statistically different, proposing the use of the same criteria at 2 hour glucose level for the diagnosis of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in subjects without exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. In addition, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance (AUC insulin, and/or AUC insulin X AUC glucose), and postprandial hyperlipidemia (ΔTG, Triglyceride; ΔRLP, remnant like particles) have been simultaneously uncovered. Reactive hypoglycemia with adverse epigastric discomfort was observed in 26.3% of the control subjects with liquid glucose, while it was observed in only 1 case (5.3%) without any symptom with cookie tests. In fact, one reactive hypoglycemia out of 5 with liquid glucose turned out to be IGT with cookie test. In 64 subjects with lifestyle-related diseases, cookie test revealed hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in 56% respectively, postprandial hyperlipidemia in 39%, diabetes and IGT in 22–23% of each of the subjects and all showed at least one abnormal value. In contrast, in university students with exercise habit, all showed normal results with cookie test. In addition, improved insulin sensitivity over non-exercise group was obverved. In summary, the cookie test provided more informations compared with OGTT using liquid glucose and with fewer side effects. Simultaneous evaluation of glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and postprandial hyperlipidemia was also possible.
Parylene-pyrolyzed carbon for MEMS applications (2004)

This paper presents Parylene-pyrolyzed carbon for MEMS applications. Carbons have been used as conductive materials with many promising chemical and thermal properties. This paper focuses on parylene-pyrolyzed carbon to take advantages of its smooth surface deposition and benzene-rich chemical structure. The description of the parylene-pyrolyzed carbon has been tried through evaluations of electrical and mechanical properties in terms of MEMS applications as well as general features. Young's modulus and the resistivity of parylene-pyrolyzed carbon (800/spl deg/C pyrolysis) becomes 70GPa and 0.1 /spl Omega/cm, respectively. The relationship between these properties and density will be also discussed.
2004년도 추계학술발표대회 : 기획 주제 ; 한자,한자어 영역 중심 한문과 교수,학습 방밥론 탐색 : 논문 ; 교육용 한자 동훈자(同訓字)의 의미변별(意味辨別) 시고 (2005)

교육용 한자 가운데 대표훈이 동일하거나 유사한 것들이 절반 이상이나 된다. 이로 말미암아 기존의 한자, 한자어, 한자 어구를 학생들에게 지도할 경우 어려움을 겪을 수도 있다. 특히 한글 전용보다 국한 혼용의 장점 중에 하나인 생산적 조어력을 약화시킬 수도 있다. 따라서 동훈자의 의미를 가능한 한 변별하는 노력이 필요하다. 이를 위해 ‘집’ 동훈자 `家, 閣, 館, 宮, 堂, 舍, 室, 屋, 宇, 院, 宙, 宅` 12자의 의미를 변별하는 시도를 해 보았다. 그 결과, 어원이나『설문해자』 등을 바탕으로 기존 단어들에 쓰인 동훈자들의 의미를 변별하기가 쉽지 않다는 것을 알게 되었다. 이는 단어 생성 때부터 별로 의미 변별을 의식하지 않았기 때문인 것 같다. 형태가 다르면 의미가 다르며, 완전한 동의어는 없다는 것이 의미론의 기본 이론이다. 따라서 이들 동훈자의 의미를 어떻게 해서든 변별할 장치가 필요하다.
Purification and Characterization of Phosphonoglycans from Glycomyces sp. Strain NRRL B-16210 and Stackebrandtia nassauensis NRRL B-16338 (2014)

Two related actinomycetes, Glycomyces sp. strain NRRL B-16210 and Stackebrandtia nassauensis NRRL B-16338, were identified as potential phosphonic acid producers by screening for the gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) mutase, which is required for the biosynthesis of most phosphonates. Using a variety of analytical techniques, both strains were subsequently shown to produce phosphonate-containing exopolysaccharides (EPS), also known as phosphonoglycans. The phosphonoglycans were purified by sequential organic solvent extractions, methanol precipitation, and ultrafiltration. The EPS from the Glycomyces strain has a mass of 40 to 50 kDa and is composed of galactose, xylose, and five distinct partially O-methylated galactose residues. Per-deutero-methylation analysis indicated that galactosyl residues in the polysaccharide backbone are 3,4-linked Gal, 2,4-linked 3-MeGal, 2,3-linked Gal, 3,6-linked 2-MeGal, and 4,6-linked 2,3-diMeGal. The EPS from the Stackebrandtia strain is comprised of glucose, galactose, xylose, and four partially O-methylated galactose residues. Isotopic labeling indicated that the O-methyl groups in the Stackebrandtia phosphonoglycan arise from S-adenosylmethionine. The phosphonate moiety in both phosphonoglycans was shown to be 2-hydroxyethylphosphonate (2-HEP) by (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry following strong acid hydrolysis of the purified molecules. Partial acid hydrolysis of the purified EPS from Glycomyces yielded 2-HEP in ester linkage to the O-5 or O-6 position of a hexose and a 2-HEP mono(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)ester. Partial acid hydrolysis of Stackebrandtia EPS also revealed the presence of 2-HEP mono(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)ester. Examination of the genome sequences of the two strains revealed similar pepM-containing gene clusters that are likely to be required for phosphonoglycan synthesis.
An Early Functional and Performance Experiment of the MarFS Hybrid Storage EcoSystem (2017)

Many computing sites, LANL being one of them, have a requirement for long-term retention of mostly cold data. Although the main function of this storage tier is capacity, it does also have a bandwidth requirement. For many years, tape was the best economic solution for this requirement. However, over time, data sets have grown larger more quickly than tape bandwidth has improved. We have now entered a regime in which disk is the more economically efficient medium for this storage tier. Also more and more, data dominates the computing world. There is a "sea" of data out there in many different formats such as file, object, and Key-value that needs to be efficiently managed and effectively used. In this paper, we introduce a new hybrid storage system named MarFS. MarFS is a Near-POSIX File System using scale-out commercial/cloud for data and many POSIX file systems for metadata services. MarFS is an approach to support a data lake for HPC that sits on industry based commodity storage hardware and is a software layer that provides a global namespace and near POSIX semantics. MarFS provides the capability to serve as an umbrella over a variety of underling storage layers. In this paper, we present the system architecture of the proposed MarFS near-POISX file system, we conduct early functional performance testing cases on MarFS's software components, and finally we address current deployment status and future development works of the MarFS.
[Idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis and bronchioloalveolar cancer]. (1991)

A case of bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma (BAC) developing in the presence of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis (IFA) in a man of 67 with a long history of pulmonary lesion is described. A honeycomb bung was found at the autopsy. Histologically, multiple foci of BAC of mixed-cell structure and those of mucus-producing cells against the background of fibrosing alveolitis at the stage of honeycomb lung were observed. An increased content of collagen type III, IV and V was found immunohistochemically. The role of sclerotic changes and defected immunological surveillance over the epithelial regeneration in the IFA-affected lung in relevant carcinoma genesis is suggested. The origin of the lung carcinoma in IFA is considered to be the regenerating epithelium of the low respiratory tract.
Inspiring new growth in tourism : South Africa (2015)

Derek Hanekom, South Africa's minister of tourism since May 2014, is committed to harnessing the potential of tourism to transform the lives of people, and to achieving positive transformation in the sector.
Titan‐, Zirconium‐ und Hafniumkomplexe mit 1,2,4‐Tri‐<i>tert</i>‐butylcyclopentadienyl‐Liganden (1994)

Titanium‐, Zirconium‐ and Hafnium Complexes with 1,2,4‐Tri‐ tert ‐butylcyclopentadienyl Ligands Lithium salts of easily available 1,3,5‐tri‐ tert ‐butylcyclopentadiene and 1,2,3,4,5‐pentaethylcyclopentadiene are used to synthesize the trichlorides [Cp‴MCl 3 ] [Cp‴ = C 5 H 2 t Bu 3 ‐1,2,4; M = Zr ( 1 ), Hf ( 2 ), Ti ( 3 )] and [(Et 5 C 5 )ZrCl 3 ] ( 4 ). Complex 1 is converted into the mixed zirconocene dichlorides [Cp‴CpZrCl 2 ] ( 5 ), [Cp‴Cp‐ZrCl 2 ] ( 6 ), [Cp‴Cp″ZrCl 2 ] ( 7 ), [Cp‴Cp 4 ZrCl 2 ] ( 9 ) (Cp = C 5 H 5 , Cp* = C 5 Me 5 , Cp″ = C 5 H 3 t Bu 2 ‐1,3, Cp 4 = C 5 i Pr 4 H) and into the benzyl complexes [Cp‴Zr(PhCH 2 ) 2 Cl] ( 10 ) and [Cp‴Zr(PhCH 2 ) 3 ] ( 11 ). Variable‐temperature 1 H‐NMR spectra of 6–9 ( 8 is the Ti analogue of 7 ) indicated hindered oscillation of the Cp‴ ligand with ΔG ≠ values between ≤8 kcal/mol ( 7, 9 ) and 13.2 kcal/mol ( 6 ). X‐ray structural analyses of complexes 7 and 9 reveal strong distortions owing to extreme steric congestion.
Effect of Germination on the Carbohydrate Composition of the Dietary Fiber of Peas (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) (2003)

The effect of different conditions of pea germination on dietary fiber (DF) composition was studied. Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) were subjected to acid hydrolysis, and the resultant neutral sugars, uronic acids, and Klason lignin were quantified. Germinated peas exhibited significantly higher contents of total dietary fiber (TDF) than the raw sample, due to the increases of both DF fractions. Under darkness conditions, germination exhibited the highest contents of IDF and SDF. Decreasing IDF/SDF ratios showed that the carbohydrate changes did not take place to the same extent during germination, the SDF fraction being the most affected. The detailed chemical composition of fiber fractions reveals increases of cellulose in the IDF of germinated samples, whereas SDF exhibits a decrease of pectic polysaccharides and also increases of polysaccharides rich in glucose and mannose. The DF results were corroborated by a comparative examination of the cell wall carbohydrate composition.
Contact resistance on diffused resistors (1969)

The electrical behavior of contacts on diffused resistors can be explained by an equivalent transmission line. What contributes to the contact resistance and how the contacts can be optimized will be discussed in this paper.
Isotropically Etched Silicon Microarrays for Rapid Breast Cancer Cell Capture (2012)

In this paper, we describe design and fabrication of 3-D silicon microarrays consisting of a wide range of isotropically-etched concave cavities for cell-capturing applications. The microarrays supported rapid and efficient capture of metastatic human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) from single-cell suspensions. Furthermore, the captured cells adhered and were retained within the etched cavities for at least 72 h. Cavity spacing of 30–50 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula> was most suitable for capture of the cells within microwells. Cell capture was evident within 1 min and was essentially complete by 20–30 min. Capture of 10 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula> beads proceeded with a similar time frame and efficiency. Cell capture was 80%–90% efficient and was independent of cavity diameters tested: 35, 60, 70, and 100 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula> . The depth of the microwells ranged from 28 to 54 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula> . For single-cell capture, the 35 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula> diameter cavity was optimal. The larger cavities contained 3–10 cells and were better suited for applications sensing cell proliferation, cell-cell interactions, stem cell differentiation, and drug responsiveness. The proposed silicon microarrays did not require any chemical coating or surface modification to support micro co-cultures of normal human breast epithelial cells (MCF10A) and MDA-MB-231 after cell trapping. This paper demonstrates that the silicon microarrays efficiently capture individual human breast cancer cells from a mono-culture suspension and in a mixture of excess MCF10A. Therefore the developed silicon platform is suitable for efficient detection and sensing of individual human breast cancer cells.
Obesity and breast cancer: role of inflammation and aromatase (2013)

Obesity is now recognised to be an inflammatory condition in which dysregulated metabolism plays an integral role. Inflammatory mediators regulate aromatase expression in the human breast as one mechanism whereby they increase the risk of breast cancer, especially in women who are obese.
Algorithms for capacitated rectangle stabbing and lot sizing with joint set-up costs (2008)

In the rectangle stabbing problem, we are given a set of axis parallel rectangles and a set of horizontal and vertical lines, and our goal is to find a minimum size subset of lines that intersect all the rectangles. In this article, we study the capacitated version of this problem in which the input includes an integral capacity for each line. The capacity of a line bounds the number of rectangles that the line can cover. We consider two versions of this problem. In the first, one is allowed to use only a single copy of each line ( hard capacities ), and in the second, one is allowed to use multiple copies of every line, but the multiplicities are counted in the size (or weight) of the solution ( soft capacities ). We present an exact polynomial-time algorithm for the weighted one dimensional case with hard capacities that can be extended to the one dimensional weighted case with soft capacities. This algorithm is also extended to solve a certain capacitated multi-item lot-sizing inventory problem with joint set-up costs. For the case of d -dimensional rectangle stabbing with soft capacities, we present a 3 d -approximation algorithm for the unweighted case. For d -dimensional rectangle stabbing problem with hard capacities, we present a bi-criteria algorithm that computes 4 d -approximate solutions that use at most two copies of every line. Finally, we present hardness results for rectangle stabbing when the dimension is part of the input and for a two-dimensional weighted version with hard capacities.
Isolation and characterization of Nmi, a novel partner of Myc proteins. (1996)

The Myc family of oncogenes is thought to play an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and neoplastic transformation. Although the structure and expression of Myc genes are well characterized, the function and biochemical properties of the Myc proteins are less well understood. Here, using a yeast genetic screen, we identified a novel gene, Nmi, that binds to N-myc and C-myc. It also interacts with other transcription factors in yeast. The carboxyl terminus of Nmi shows homology to an interferon-induced leucine zipper protein, IFP 35, whereas its amino terminus is homologous to a coiled-coil heptad repeat in the C. elegans protein, CEF59. Co-precipitation studies of Nmi with N-myc and C-myc confirmed the interaction in mammalian cells. Nmi mRNA is expressed at low levels in all fetal and adult human tissues tested, except brain. Among several cancer cell lines, high expression of Nmi was found in myeloid leukemias, which also express high levels of C-myc. Nmi gene is localized on human chromosome 22q13.3. Translocations of this region have been reported in some human leukemias.
Untrusted hosts and confidentiality (2001)

This paper presents secure program partitioning, a language-based technique for protecting confidential data during computation in distributed systems containing mutually untrusted hosts. Confidentiality and integrity policies can be expressed by annotating programs with security types that constrain information flow; these programs can then be partitioned automatically to run securely on heterogeneously trusted hosts. The resulting communicating subprograms collectively implement the original program, yet the system as a whole satisfies the security requirements of participating principals without requiring a universally trusted host machine. The experience in applying this methodology and the performance of the resulting distributed code suggest that this is a promising way to obtain secure distributed computation.