gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bias estimation for optical sensor measurements with targets of opportunity (2013)

This paper provides a solution for bias estimation of multiple passive sensors using common targets of opportunity. The measurements provided by these sensors are assumed time-coincident (synchronous) and perfectly associated. Since these sensors provide only line of sight (LOS) measurements, the formation of a single composite Cartesian measurement obtained from fusing the LOS measurements from different sensors is needed to avoid the need for nonlinear filtering. The evaluation of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) on the covariance of the bias estimate, i.e., the quantification of the available information about the biases, combined with simulations, shows that this method is statistically efficient, even for small sample sizes.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer quenching for determination of vitamin B_2 (2011)

Water-soluble ZnSe quantum dots(QDs) were synthesized with L-glutathione(GSH) as stabilizer.These QDs were applied for ultrasensitive vitamin B2(VB2) detection.It mainly discussed the FRET system constituted by the water-soluble ZnSe(donor) and VB2(receptor).The optimum conditions for FRET and established a VB2 determination method based on the FRET principle were studied.The extent of fluorescence quenching(F0/F) of ZnSe QDs was linearly proportional to the trace concentration of VB2 from 1.54×10-8 to 2.77×10-7mol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.996 7,a detection limit(S/N=3) of 1.0×10-8mol/L was obtained with the relative standard deviation of 1.2%(1.54×10-7 mol/L,n=9).A novel method for selective detection of VB2 by utilizing the prepared QDs as fluorescence probes has been developed,based on the quenching fluorescence of ZnSe QDs.The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of VB2 tablets from three different factors.The results were satisfactory and the recoveries could fall in 99.28%-101.9%(n=6).The results were reliable,good agreement compare to those of UV-Vis absorption spectrometry.It was concluded that a novel and simple method based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer quenching theory was proposed for the determination of trace vitamin B2.
Building Cheap and Large CAMs Using BufferHash (2009)

We show how to build cheap and large CAMs, or CLAMs, using flash memory. These CLAMs are targeted at an emerging class of networking applications that require massive indexes running into a hundred GB or more, with items been inserted, updated and looked up at a rapid rate. Examples of such applications include WAN optimizers, data de-duplication, network monitoring, and traffic analyzers. For such applications, using DRAM-based indexes is quite expensive, while on-disk approaches are too slow. In contrast, our flash memory based CLAMs cost nearly the same as using existing on-disk approaches but offer orders of magnitude better performance.\n\nWhile flash memory inherently offers efficient random reads required for fast lookups, it does not support efficient small random writes required for inserts and updates. To address this, we design an efficient data-structure called BufferHash that significantly lowers the amortized cost of all write operations. Our design of BufferHash also incorporates efficient and flexible eviction policies.\n\nWe build CLAMs using BufferHash on SSDs and disks. We find that the SSD-based CLAMs can offer average insert and lookup latencies of 0.02ms and 0.06ms (for 40% lookup success rates), respectively. We show that using such a CLAM in a WAN optimization application can offer 3X better throughput improvement than current designs.
Parse tree annotations (1989)

A technique for associating rewrite rules with productions so that many high-level transformations of a source file can be generated easily is described. While eclipsed in power by other editing and compiler generation systems supporting management of both synthesized and inherited attributes, this approach is especially simple to employ and is sufficient in power to deal with a wide class of problems arising from practical applications.
Kynurenine Hydroxylase Inhibitors Reduce Ischemic Brain Damage: Studies with (<i>m</i>-Nitrobenzoyl)-Alanine (mNBA) and 3,4-Dimethoxy-[-N-4-(Nitrophenyl)Thiazol-2YL]-Benzenesulfonamide (Ro 61-8048) in Models of Focal or Global Brain Ischemia (1999)

Two kynurenine hydroxylase inhibitors, (m-nitrobenzoyl)-alanine (mNBA) and 3,4-dimethoxy-[-N-4-(nitrophenyl)thiazol-2yl]-benzenesulfona mide (Ro 61-8048), have been tested as neuroprotective agents on brain lesions induced by bilateral carotid occlusion in gerbils or by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. The percentage of lesioned pyramidal neurones found in the hippocampal CA1 region of gerbils subjected to bilateral carotid occlusion for 5 minutes decreased from 92+/-10% in vehicle-treated animals to 7+/-6% after mNBA (400 mg/kg intraperitoneally, three times at 1, 30, and 180 minutes after occlusion) or to 10+/-11% after Ro 61-8048 (40 mg/kg intraperitoneally, three times). A significant reduction in infarct volumes also was found when the kynurenine hydroxylase inhibitors were given to rats after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (from 207+/-111 mm3 in vehicle-treated rats to 82+/-18 and to 62+/-57 mm3 in rats treated with mNBA, 400 mg/kg intraperitoneally, or with Ro 61-8048, 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally, respectively). The administration of mNBA (400 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or Ro 61-8048 (40 mg/kg intraperitoneally) to gerbils with a dialysis probe in their dorsal hippocampus or to rats with a dialysis probe in their parietal cortex significantly increased kynurenic acid concentration in the dialysates. The data suggest that inhibition of kynurenine hydroxylase could be a new avenue to reduce neuronal loss in brain ischemia.
A Novel, More Efficient Approach to Generate Bioactive Inhibins (2016)

Gonadal-derived inhibins are essential factors in mammalian reproduction, negatively regulating pituitary production of FSH. Interestingly, declines in inhibin levels across the menopause transition correlate with not only an increase in FSH but also a rapid decrease in bone mass. Therefore, inhibins have been touted as potential therapeutics for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, as heterodimeric proteins of α- and β- (βA or βB)-subunits, inhibins are difficult to produce recombinantly, are poorly processed to their mature bioactive forms, and their expression is always accompanied by production of activins (β-subunit homodimers), the proteins they antagonize. In this study, we developed the methodology to circumvent most of these issues. Initially, the cleavage sites between the pro- and mature domains of the α- and βA-subunits were modified to ensure complete processing. These modifications led to a marked increase (9-fold) in the levels of bioactive inhibin A and a striking decrease (12.5-fold) in mature activin A production. Next, a single point mutation (M418A) was incorporated into the βA-subunit, which reduced residual activin activity approximately 100-fold and, in so doing, increased inhibin bioactivity 8-fold. Finally, we showed that inhibin A noncovalently associated with its prodomain was more potent (∼20-fold) than mature inhibin A in specific in vitro bioassays, indicating an important role of the prodomain in inhibin bioactivity. In conclusion, the production of potent inhibin analogs in the virtual absence of activin activity will greatly facilitate the investigation of the therapeutic potential of these gonadal hormones on bone and other tissues.
Normalizing Molecular Docking Rankings using Virtually Generated Decoys (2011)

Drug discovery research often relies on the use of virtual screening via molecular docking to identify active hits in compound libraries. An area for improvement among many state-of-the-art docking methods is the accuracy of the scoring functions used to differentiate active from nonactive ligands. Many contemporary scoring functions are influenced by the physical properties of the docked molecule. This bias can cause molecules with certain physical properties to incorrectly score better than others. Since variation in physical properties is inevitable in large screening libraries, it is desirable to account for this bias. In this paper, we present a method of normalizing docking scores using virtually generated decoy sets with matched physical properties. First, our method generates a set of property-matched decoys for every molecule in the screening library. Each library molecule and its decoy set are docked using a state-of-the-art method, producing a set of raw docking scores. Next, the raw docking score of each library molecule is normalized against the scores of its decoys. The normalized score represents the probability that the raw docking score was drawn from the background distribution of nonactive property-matched decoys. Assuming that the distribution of scores of active molecules differs from the nonactive score distribution, we expect that the score of an active compound will have a low probability of having been drawn from the nonactive score distribution. In addition to the use of decoys in normalizing docking scores, we suggest that decoy sets may be a useful tool to evaluate, improve, or develop scoring functions. We show that by analyzing docking scores of library molecules with respect to the docking scores of their virtually generated property-matched decoys, one can gain insight into the advantages, limitations, and reliability of scoring functions.
Dipeptide Syntheses via Activated α-Aminoesters (2015)

International audience
Quasi‐matched‐velocity traveling‐wave‐type electrodes for light modulators and their analysis (1987)

Abstract To increase the bandwidth of the traveling‐wave‐type light modulator, it is necessary to decrease the difference between the velocity of the modulation wave and that of light. The velocity mismatch was improved by incorporating a buffer material with low dielectric constant between the electrodes and substrate so that the modulation efficiency does not deteriorate and the capacitance between the electrodes is minimized. Considering not only the bandwidth but also the ratio between the driving power and the bandwidth ( P /Δ f ), three types of structures have been proposed. For the theoretical analysis, the modulation wave traveling through the electrodes was assumed to be a TEM wave and the model of the two‐dimensional static electric field was adopted. However, since the structure was complicated, a numerical calculation was needed in which the boundary element method was used. The structure with least P /Δ f ratio was chosen by using the result of the calculation. As a result of further calculation on the chosen structure with the various thickness of the buffer layer, it was found that the bandwidth is improved drastically and the ratio of P /Δ f becomes small by increasing the width of the buffer layer.
Synthesis of .alpha.-conotoxin SI, a bicyclic tridecapeptide amide with two disulfide bridges: illustration of novel protection schemes and oxidation strategies (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of .alpha.-conotoxin SI, a bicyclic tridecapeptide amide with two disulfide bridges: illustration of novel protection schemes and oxidation strategiesMark C. Munson and George BaranyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 22, 10203–10210Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00075a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00075a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views802Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of a putative alternate sigma factor and characterization of a multicomponent regulatory cascade controlling the expression of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Pss61 hrp and hrmA genes (1994)

The Pseudomonas syringae hrp and hrmA genes controlling pathogenicity and elicitation of the hypersensitive response and the avr genes controlling host range have been shown previously to be regulated by carbon, nitrogen, pH, osmolarity, and hypothetical plant factors. In P. syringae pv. syringae Pss61, inactivation of hrp complementation groups II and XIII reduced expression of a plasmid-borne hrmA'-lacZ fusion. The hrp regions II and XIII were cloned on separate plasmids and shown to enhance the activity of the hrmA promoter in Escherichia coli MC4100 transformants at least 100-fold. The nucleotide sequence of region XIII revealed two open reading frames (hrpR and hrpS) whose deduced products share homology with P. syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121 HrpS and are both related to the NtrC family of two-component signal transduction systems. HrpR and HrpS differ from most members of the protein family by lacking an amino-terminal domain which modulates the regulatory activity. A single open reading frame, hrpL, whose product shares homology with AlgU, a putative alternate sigma factor of P. aeruginosa, as well as with the related alternate sigma factors was identified within region II. Key domains are partially conserved. Inactivation of hrpS in Pss61 repressed expression of a plasmid-borne hrpL'-lacZ fusion carried by pYXPL1R, and transformation of MC4100(pYXPL1R) with a plasmid carrying hrpRS increased hrpL promoter activity at least 200-fold. Neither hrpS nor hrpR, when cloned on separate plasmids, activated the hrpL promoter activity individually. The expression of hrpL when directed by a lac promoter was sufficient to express a set of plasmid-borne hrmA'-, hrpJ'-, and hrpZ'-lacZ fusions independently of other hrp genes. The results indicate that hrpRS and hrpL are part of a regulatory cascade in which HrpR and HrpS activate expression of hrpL and HrpL, a putative sigma factor, induces expression of HrpL-responsive genes.
Ipsilateral involvement of primary motor cortex during motor imagery (2000)

To investigate whether motor imagery involves ipsilateral cortical regions, we studied haemodynamic changes in portions of the motor cortex of 14 right-handed volunteers during actual motor performance (MP) and kinesthetic motor imagery (MI) of simple sequences of unilateral left or right finger movements, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Increases in mean normalized fMRI signal intensities over values obtained during the control (visual imagery) task were found during both MP and MI in the posterior part of the precentral gyrus and supplementary motor area, both on the contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres. In the left lateral premotor cortex, fMRI signals were increased during imagery of either left or right finger movements. Ipsilateral cortical clusters displaying fMRI signal changes during both MP and MI were identified by correlation analyses in 10 out of 14 subjects; their extent was larger in the left hemisphere. A larger cortical population involved during both contralateral MP and MI was found in all subjects. The overall spatial extent of both the contralateral and the ipsilateral MP + MI clusters was approximately 90% of the whole cortical volume activated during MP. These results suggest that overlapping neural networks in motor and premotor cortex of the contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres are involved during imagery and execution of simple motor tasks.
High-capacity quantum key distribution via hyperentangled degrees of freedom (2014)

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has long been a promising area for application of quantum effects toward solving real-world problems. But two major obstacles have stood in the way of widespread applications: low secure key generation rates and short achievable operating distances. In this paper, a new physical mechanism for dealing with the first of these problems is proposed: interplay between different degrees of freedom in a hyperentangled system (parametric down conversion) is used to increase the Hilbert space dimension available for key generation while maintaining security. Polarization-based Bell tests provide security checking, while orbital angular momentum (OAM) and total angular momentum (TAM) provide higher key generation rate. Whether to measure TAM or OAM is decided randomly on each trial. The concurrent non-commutativity of TAM with OAM and polarization provides the physical basis for quantum security. TAM measurements link polarization to OAM, so that if the legitimate participants measure OAM while the eavesdropper measures TAM (or vice-versa), then polarization entanglement is lost, revealing the eavesdropper. In contrast to other OAM-based QKD methods, complex active switching between OAM bases is not required; instead, passive switching by beam splitters combined with much simpler active switching between polarization bases makes implementation at high OAM more practical.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Supported Mitsunobu Ether Formation and Its Use in Combinatorial Chemistry. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Who's Watching You Now? (2007)

Location-based applications and services are emerging at a pace that's likely to accelerate over the next few years. Such services offer everything from consumer convenience to life-saving security. All these scenarios involve the transmission of location information over an IP network, and all raise significant issues about that information's privacy, security, and control. The IETF's Geographic Location/Privacy working group (Geopriv WG) has created a set of standards for sending location information coupled with privacy rules over the Internet. The standards call for the creation of location objects (LOs), which contain a location along with a limited set of rules that can point to an external set of more complex rules, if necessary. In development over the past few years, Geopriv is approaching an initial completion stage and appears likely to be implemented in several key technologies
An achromatic system of extraction for proton synchrotrons (1961)

An achromatic modification of the Piccioni extraction system for weak focusing synchrotrons is described. A quadrupole magnet placed between the target and the extraction magnet is used to cancel the momentum resolution of the extracted beam produced by the synchrotron magnet. The extraction magnet is made radially focusing to give a beam of small dimensions in the exit region.
Efficient Allelic Exchange and Transposon Mutagenesis in <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> by Specialized Transduction (2003)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium are pathogenic slow-growing mycobacteria that cause distinct human diseases. In contrast to recent advances in M. tuberculosis genetics and pathogenesis investigation, M. avium has remained genetically intractable and, consequently, its pathogenic strategies remain poorly understood. Here we report the successful development of efficient allelic exchange and transposon mutagenesis in an opaque clinical strain of M. avium by specialized transduction. Efforts to disrupt the leuD gene of M. avium by specialized transduction were successful but were complicated by inefficient isolation of recombinants secondary to high spontaneous antibiotic resistance. However, by using this leucine auxotroph as a genetic host and the Streptomyces coelicolor leuD gene as a selectable marker, we achieved efficient allelic exchange at the M. avium pcaA locus. A leuD-marked transposon delivered by specialized transduction mutagenized M. avium with efficiencies similar to M. tuberculosis. These results establish a system for random and directed mutagenesis of M. avium. In combination with the forthcoming M. avium genome sequence, these tools will allow the distinct physiologic and pathogenic properties of M. avium to be dissected in molecular detail.
<i>ERG</i> Rearrangement for Predicting Subsequent Cancer Diagnosis in High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Lymph Node Metastasis (2012)

The presence of ERG rearrangement in HGPIN lesions detected on initial biopsy warrants repeat biopsies and measuring ERG rearrangement could be used for assessing the risk of lymph node metastasis in early prostate cancer.
Towards High-Resolution X-Ray Imaging Using a Structured Scintillator (2012)

Structured scintillators, by light-guiding secondary emitted visible photons to a pixel in a CCD or CMOS image sensor, improve the lateral resolution of X-ray imaging detectors. In this work we have fabricated pore arrays in a silicon wafer and subsequently filled them with CsI(Tl) by a melting process. The goal was to down-scale the pore geometry for increased resolution. The results show that although pore depth must be reduced to comply with achievable aspect ratio of the Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) etching, melting into the pores is possible. The time and temperature has, however, to be optimized to prevent thallium loss during the melting. By correlating light yield measurements with the X-ray absorption in samples of various geometries, we find that the efficiency is slightly reduced for pore diameters approaching one micron. Nevertheless, the increased absorption in deep pores will lead to a significantly improved quantum efficiency compared to thin films currently used to achieve the same lateral resolution.