gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Ratings and End‐of‐Phase II Conferences: Initiatives to Accelerate the Availability of Important New Drugs Kenneth I. Kaitin, PhD (1991)

To facilitate the availability of important new therapeutic agents, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the mid-1970s began assigning therapeutic ratings to investigational new drugs and holding end-of-phase II conferences with drug sponsors. To determine whether these initiatives are associated with faster approvals, we examined new drug application (NDA) review times of new chemical entities (NCEs) approved during the 12-year period 1978 through 1989. Mean NDA review time for 1A drugs (22.5 months) was 22% shorter than that for 1B drugs (28.7 months), which in turn was 25% shorter than that for 1C drugs (38.4 months). For drugs approved during the recent 4-year period 1986 through 1989, however, the gap between 1A and 1C review times has narrowed considerably from 19 to 9 months. When drugs were grouped by FDA reviewing division, 1A drugs had the shortest mean review time in each division except the Cardio-Renal Division; in that division, 1B drugs had the shortest mean review time. Mean NDA review time for drugs that had end-of-phase II conferences (28.6 months) was 15% shorter than that for drugs without such conferences (33.7 months). These results suggest that NCEs that receive 1A or 1B ratings and are the subject of end-of-phase II conferences benefit by having shorter review times.
白凤菜醇提物对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠的治疗作用 (2014)

Objective: To discuss the therapeutical effect of Gynura formosana (GF) alcohol extract on Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high-fat diet. Methods: The rat model was established by high fat diet,then rats were randomized into five groups, a normal control group,GF (low、middle and high dose) groups and a model control group.After four weeks with the treatment of GF alcohol extract ,the pathologic histology changes of liver tissue were observed. The levers of serum TG, TC, AST and ALT were detected. Results: Compared with the normal group, the content of serum TG,TC, AST and ALT in the model group is higher than in the normal group obviously ( P <0.05). The liver weight and visceral fat pad in the GF treatment group is significantly lower than the model group ( P <0.05) .In addition,GF can reduce the degree of liver steatosis and the levers of serum TG, TC, ALT and AST. Conclusion: GF has the rapeutical effect on Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and could obviously improve blood lipid and hepatic steatosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver rats.
High-speed single-electron memory: cell design and architecture (2002)

A new silicon-based single-electron memory cell is presented for use as a high-speed RAM. Novel architecture and operation schemes are evaluated by conducting Monte Carlo single-electron simulations. By performing transient waveform analysis, a high-speed write operation is demonstrated with a write time shorter than 10 nsec.
Proteomics Identification of Acyl-acceptor and Acyl-donor Substrates for Transglutaminase in a Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line (2003)

Transglutaminase (TG)-catalyzed cross-linking of both intracellular and extracellular proteins is an important biochemical event. However, increased concentrations of cross-linked proteins have been observed in many disorders. Moreover, TG-catalyzed modification of proteins might generate new self-antigens responsible for the autoimmune response, as in celiac disease. The identification of available substrates may offer an understanding of how the TG-catalyzed post-translational modification has an impact on physiology and disease. We used a proteomic approach to identify TG-modified protein targets in human intestinal epithelial cells to determine the extent to which transglutaminase specifically contributes to celiac disease. Two probes were used for endogenous TG activity: 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine, which represents the acyl-acceptor, and a biotinylated glutamine-containing peptide, which represents the acyl-donor. This approach identified >25 proteins, which range from 30,000 to 300,000 Daltons and can serve as acyl-acceptor and/or acyl-donor for transglutaminase. Some of them were known transglutaminase substrates, whereas others had not been previously identified. These targets include proteins involved in cytoskeletal network organization, folding of proteins, transport processes, and miscellaneous metabolic functions.
New Enantioselective Routes to Cyclic and Acyclic S,O-acetals; Enzymatic Resolution of α-Acetoxy Sulfides and Enantioselective Synthesis of the Antiviral Agent Lamivudine (1997)

Abstract A new method for the synthesis of cyclic and acyclic optically active S,O-acetals is reported, along with subsequent stereocontrolled transformations, culminating in a synthesis of the important antiviral nucleoside Lamivudine.
Empirical research on the change of physical exercise based on transtheoretical model (2014)

The transtheoretical model can help facilitate the change of physical exercise of students in colleges and universities. Thus it can correspondingly establish students' causal relationships in all stages. Theoretically speaking, there still exists gap in the degree and proportion to which higher education students take physical exercise between China and foreign countries. The phenomenon can be fully demonstrated in some document literature. While from the viewpoint of application, transtheoretical model can efficiently illustrate the internal connections among each scale, thus giving data in both scales persuasion. The authenticity of the research results can get verified through corresponding scientific computing, further exerting certain positive influence on the existent fundamental situations. The research is designed to function positively among scholars, and simultaneously to have a vigorous influence on higher education students' participation in physical exercise
Synthesis of polynitrocyclobutane derivatives (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of polynitrocyclobutane derivativesT. G. Archibald, L. C. Garver, K. Baum, and M. C. CohenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 12, 2869–2873Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00273a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00273a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views720Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reliable person following approach for mobile robot in indoor environment (2009)

The ability to track and follow a specific person is a key prerequisite of service mobile robots in indoor environments. A novel following method is introduced, which uses the sizes changes of torso in image as the following control parameters and the fuzzy PID controller is employed to design the following controller. The sizes of torso in images are obtained with mobile robot vision tracking method which integrates the color features of upper body clothes region matching method with the Unscented Particle Filter (UPF) tracking method. In order to reliably follow a specific person, the parameters of the PID controller are adjusted using PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization). Various experiments are carried out and the results demonstrate the robustness and reliability in person-following.
Resonant Switched-Capacitor Converters for Sub-module Distributed Photovoltaic Power Management (2012)

This paper discusses the theory and implementation of a class of distributed power converters for photovoltaic (PV) energy optimization. Resonant switched-capacitor converters are configured in parallel with strings of PV cells at the sub-module level to improve energy capture in the event of shading or mismatch. The converters operate in a parallel-ladder architecture, enforcing voltage ratios among strings of cells at terminals normally connected to bypass diodes. The balancing function extends from the sub-module level to the entire series string through a dual-core cable and connector. The parallel configuration allows converters to handle only mismatch power and turn off if there is no mismatch in the array. Measurement results demonstrate insertion loss below 0.1% and effective conversion efficiency above 99% for short-circuit current mismatch gradients up to 40%. The circuit implementation eliminates large power magnetic components, achieving a vertical footprint less than 6 mm. The merits of a resonant topology are compared to a switched-capacitor topology.
Chikungunya Viral Infections: An Emerging Problem (2007)

C hikungunya -pronounced chik-n-gunya, with the accent on the fi rst syllableis an alphavirus that causes disease in Africa and Asia. The name chikungunya is derived from the Makonde word meaning " that which bends up. " This is in reference to the stooped posture that develops from the arthritic symptoms of the disease. However, some authors overlooked this reference and assumed that the term was derived from Swahili (a native language of East Africa and now the offi cial language of Tanzania).
Interactive constraint satisfaction for office systems (2002)

This paper presents an interactive constraint satisfaction mechanism for building office systems. We noticed that regulations for business are primarily described in declarative constraints, and clerical work could be regarded as consistency maintenance governed by conformance to the regulations in terms of the data in business databases and application forms. From this view point, we model clerical work as a consistency maintenance model. On the basis of the model, we develop a constraint syntax and an interactive constraint satisfaction system appropriate to clerical work. In order to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of our method, we rewrote the general affairs expert system KOA, an office system currently in operation, using constraints, and evaluated the resulting performance. Experimental results show that all the regulations can be easily described in constraints, the description size is reduced by 50%. The constraints have high modularity and cover rare cases exhaustively, the response time is short enough to be feasible, and the number of interactions is almost equivalent to that of the original system. The results confirm the important point that we can easily realize a maintainable office system with the interactive constraint satisfaction mechanism without increasing the number of interactions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence factors and control means of de novo synthesis of PCDD/F (2006)

The conditions and influence factors of de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) in municipal waste incinerators were analyzed . The influence of CuCl2,carbon content,partial pressure of oxygen,reaction temperature and time on the de novo synthesis of PCDD/F were studied. The results indicated that CuCl2 was the most obvious and effective activator. The de dovo synthesis of PCDD/F was favored within a temperature range from 250℃ to 450℃ and a maximum value was reached at 300℃. Measurements and methods were proposed to reduce the PCDD/F formation. A new typical medical waste pyrolysis equipment (3t/d) was designed and developed,and the pyrolysis gas and solid residue were tested .The results showed that most of the HCl,SO2 generated during the pyrolysis process was fixed in the residue,and there was little HCl and SO2 left in the pyrolysis gas,which was much lower than the Chinese standard for emission.
Electromagnetic cloaking by layered structure of homogeneous isotropic materials (2007)

Electromagnetic invisibility cloak requires material with anisotropic distribution of the constitutive parameters as first proposed by Pendry et al. [Science 312, 1780 (2006)]. In this paper, we proposed an electromagnetic cloak structure that does not require metamaterials with subwavelength structured inclusions to realize the anisotropy or inhomogeneity of the material parameters. We constructed a concentric layered structure of alternating homogeneous isotropic materials that can be treated as an effective medium with the required radius-dependent anisotropy. With proper design of the permittivity or the thickness ratio of the alternating layers, we demonstrated the low-reflection and power-flow bending properties of the proposed cloaking structure through rigorous analysis of the scattered electromagnetic fields. The proposed cloaking structure could be possibly realized by normal materials, therefore may lead to a practical path to an experimental demonstration of electromagnetic cloaking, especially in the optical range.
Parameterized interconnect order reduction with explicit-and-implicit multi-parameter moment matching for inter/intra-die variations (2005)

In this paper we propose a novel parameterized interconnect order reduction algorithm, CORE, to efficiently capture both inter-die and intra-die variations. CORE applies a two-step explicit-and-implicit scheme for multiparameter moment matching. As such, CORE can match significantly more moments than other traditional techniques using the same model size. In addition, a recursive Arnoldi algorithm is proposed to quickly construct the Krylov subspace that is required for parameterized order reduction. Applying the recursive Arnoldi algorithm significantly reduces the computation cost for model generation. Several RC and RLC interconnect examples demonstrate that CORE can provide up to 10/spl times/ better modeling accuracy than other traditional techniques, while achieving smaller model complexity (i.e. size). It follows that these interconnect models generated by CORE can provide more accurate simulation result with cheaper simulation cost, when they are utilized for gate-interconnect co-simulation.
Kinetic and Kinematic Characteristics of 10-m Platform Performances of Elite Divers: I. Back Takeoffs (1989)

Reaction forces elicited from the 10-m platform by the 29 male and 26 female competitors in the Fifth World Diving Championships during the takeoffs for dives from the back group were analyzed and related to their patterns of motion. Major changes in linear and angular momentum occurred during the final period of upward acceleration. During this “final weighting” phase, maximum vertical reactions of 3.0 to 4.0 times body weight (BW) and maximum horizontal reactions in the “propulsive” direction of 0.5 BW were recorded. Further, the moment of vertical platform reaction with respect to the center of gravity, which was dominant and promoted backward rotation, was opposed by the moment of the horizontal component. At final contact with the platform, higher vertical velocities were more evident for back dives than multiple back somersaults, and for dives performed in tuck than in pike, and in pike than in straight positions.
Treatment of multi‐focal colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver of immune‐competent and syngeneic rats by hepatic artery infusion of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (2004)

Viruses that replicate selectively in cancer cells hold considerable promise as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of malignancy. We report an orthotopic model of multi-focal colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases in the livers of syngeneic and immune-competent rats, which permitted rigorous testing of oncolytic virus vectors as novel therapeutic agents through hepatic arterial infusion for efficacy and safety. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a negative-strand RNA virus with intrinsic oncolytic specificity due to attenuated anti-viral responses in many tumors. After administration at the maximum tolerated dose, the recombinant VSV vector gained access to multi-focal hepatic CRC lesions that led to tumor-selective viral replication and oncolysis. No relevant vector-associated toxicities were noted and in particular, no damage to the hepatic parenchyma was seen. Moreover, the survival rate of vector-treated rats was significantly improved over that of animals in the control treatment group (p = 0.015). Our results demonstrate that hepatic arterial administration of oncolytic VSV is both effective and safe in an immune-competent and syngeneic rat model of multi-focal CRC liver metastasis, suggesting that it can be developed into an effective therapeutic modality in patients in the future.
Impact of distillery spentwash irrigation on the yields of top vegetables (creepers). (2009)

3 Abstract: Cultivation of some top vegetables (Creepers) was made by irrigation with distillery spent wash of different proportions. The primary treated spent wash (PTSW), 50% and 33% spent wash were analyzed for additive plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and other physical and chemical parameters. Experimental soil was tested for its chemical and physical parameters. The vegetables seeds (Namadhari and Mayhco) were sowed in the prepared land and irrigated with raw water (RW), 50% and 33% spent wash. It was found that the yields of all top vegetables were high in 33% spentwash than 50% spentwash and raw water irrigation.
Annual bird count, 1973 (1974)

The third Annual Bird Count of the Queensland Ornithological Society was held on 18 October, 1973. Weather throughout the area surveyed was mostly fine, warm, and humid, with some thunderstorms in the late afternoon.
Electrically conductive 2D-PAN-containing surfaces as a culturing substrate for neurons (2004)

In the present contribution we report on a novel route to synthesize 2D-polyaniline (2D-PAN) on sulfonated-poly(styrene) (SPS) templates by allowing first monomer assembly followed by chemical oxidation to achieve polymerization. We show that Aplysia neurons grown on 2D-PAN exhibit an unusual growth pattern and adhesion to this conducting substrate that is manifested by the formation of giant lamellipodia. The lamellipodial domains are characterized by small gap between the plasma membrane and the 2D-PAN substrate (ca. 30 nm) and actin rich skeleton resembling the skeleton of growth cones. This behavior is characteristic to uniform substrates containing only 2D-PAN. However, in patterned substrates containing additionally poly(L-lysine) Aplysia neurons prefer to extend new neurites on the poly(L-lysine) domains.
Multipurpose Cryogenic Surface Apparatus: A Liquid Nitrogen‐Chilled Sample Tray (2001)

The use of cryogenic techniques allows collection and storage of large numbers of samples for later processing for biochemical assays. In large field studies it is very difficult to obtain an accurate measure of leaf area as the samples are collected while preserving biological activity. Measurement of leaf area at the time of processing is also difficult because thawing of leaf tissue can cause degradation of leaf biochemical components and processes. The objective of this study was to design a liquid N 2 –chilled tray that allows cryogenically preserved samples to be sorted and measured without the risk of sample thawing. A stainless steel lid (working surface) was brazed to a stainless steel pan, creating a reservoir that could be filled with liquid N 2 The working surface could then be maintained at approximately the temperature of liquid N 2 Enzyme activities and polyacrylamide gel separations of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylas (PEPCase) of sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were used to assess the performance of the tray. Enzyme activity assays and gel separations of Rubisco and PEPCase confirm that biological activity is maintained through use of the multipurpose cryogenic surface (MCS) tray.
N·Terminal Amino Acid Sequence Homologies of Group V Grass Pollen Allergens (1992)

In an earlier study, we presented data regarding the immunoaffinity purification and N-terminal sequencing of a major pollen allergen from orchard/cocks-foot grass (Dactylis glomerata), now identified as the group V allergen Dac g V. In this paper, we have extended our investigations to include group V allergens from other grass species. Our data confirm the presence of group V-restricted characteristic N-terminal amino acid sequences containing a high alanine and hydroxyproline (P') rather than proline (P) content, and based upon two conserved elements (ADAGY and TPA/TP'A).
Modern techniques in electroanalysis (1996)

Vacuum Surface Techniques in Electroanalytical Chemistry (M. Soriaga & J. Stickney), Spectroscopic Methods for the Characterization of Electrochemical Interfaces and Surfaces (J. Pemberton & S. Garvey), Scanning, Tunnelling and Atomic Force Microscopy of Electrochemical Interfaces (M. Ward & H. White), Stripping Analysis (H. Dewald), Electrochemical Detectors in Automated Analytical Systems (M. Trojanowicz), Steady-State Voltammetry (SSV) at Microelectrodes (C. Zoski), Simulation Analysis of Electrochemical Mechanisms (D. Gosser), Liquid-Liquid Electrochemistry (P. Vanysek)
A survey of peer-to-peer storage techniques for distributed file systems (2005)

The popularity of distributed file systems continues to grow. Reasons they are preferred over traditional centralized file systems include fault tolerance, availability, scalability and performance. In addition, peer-to-peer (P2P) system concepts and scalable functions are being incorporated into the domain of file systems. This survey paper explores the design paradigms and important issues that relate to such systems and discusses the various research activities in the field of distributed peerto-peer file systems.
A Novel Low-Cost Intelligent Shopping Cart (2011)

An innovative product with societal acceptance is the one that aids the comfort, convenience and efficiency in everyday life. In this paper, we discuss a novel product “A Novel Low-Cost Intelligent Shopping Cart (NLISC)” being developed to assist a person in everyday shopping in terms of reduced time spent while purchasing a product at the best price available. The main objective of NLISC is to provide a technology oriented, low-cost, easily scalable, and rugged system for assisting shopping in-person. The developed system consists of 4 key components/modules (a) Location detection component (LDC) (b) Server Communication component (SCC) (c) User Interface and display component (UIDC), and (d) Automatic billing and Inventory management component (ABIMC). LDC is used to dynamically locate the shopping cart inside the shopping arena to facilitate providing relevant product information. SCC establishes and maintains the connection of the shopping cart with the main server. UIDC provides the user interface and ABIMC handles the billing and inventory management in association with the SCC. These 4 modules are integrated into an embedded system and are tested to satisfy the functionality. The prototype developed is ready for commercial deployment with proper attention to security and network issues as discussed.