gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification of the PthA4 effector binding elements in Type I Cs<scp>LOB</scp>1 promoter using Cas9/sg<scp>RNA</scp> to produce transgenic Duncan grapefruit alleviating XccΔpthA4:dCs<scp>LOB</scp>1.3 infection (2015)

Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subspecies citri (Xcc) is a severe disease for most commercial citrus cultivars and responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. Generating canker-resistant citrus varieties will provide an efficient and sustainable solution to control citrus canker. Here, we report our progress in generating canker-resistant grapefruit by modifying the PthA4 effector binding elements (EBEs) in the CsLOB1 Promoter (EBEPthA4 -CsLOBP) of the CsLOB1 (Citrus sinensis Lateral Organ Boundaries) gene. CsLOB1 is a susceptibility gene for citrus canker and is induced by the pathogenicity factor PthA4, which binds to the EBEPthA4 -CsLOBP to induce CsLOB1 gene expression. There are two alleles, Type I and Type II, of CsLOB1 in Duncan grapefruit. Here, a binary vector was designed to disrupt the PthA4 EBEs in Type I CsLOB1 Promoter (TI CsLOBP) via epicotyl transformation of Duncan grapefruit. Four transgenic Duncan plants with targeted modification of EBEPthA4 -T1 CsLOBP were successfully created. As for Type I CsLOB1 promoter, the mutation rate was 15.63% (#D13), 14.29% (#D17), 54.54% (#D18) and 81.25% (#D22). In the presence of wild-type Xcc, transgenic Duncan grapefruit developed canker symptoms similarly as wild type. An artificially designed dTALE dCsLOB1.3, which specifically recognizes Type I CsLOBP, but not the mutated Type I CsLOBP or Type II CsLOBP, was developed to infect Duncan transformants. Consequently, #D18 had weakened canker symptoms and #D22 had no visible canker symptoms in the presence of XccΔpthA4:dCsLOB1.3. Our data suggest that activation of a single allele of susceptibility gene CsLOB1 by PthA4 is sufficient to induce citrus canker disease, and mutation in the promoters of both alleles of CsLOB1 is probably required to generate citrus canker-resistant plants. This work lays the groundwork to generate canker-resistant citrus varieties via Cas9/sgRNA in the future.
New liquid crystals in the series of 1, 3, 5-triazine compounds containing azobenzene at the peripheral arms (2010)

Novel liquid crystal materials whose molecular structures consist of disc-like 1,3,5-triazine unit as a central core and three rod-like azobenzenes as the peripheral arms unit has been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods, and X-ray diffraction. The Series of compounds were prepared by nucleophilic addition of the primary amino nucleophile to 1,3,5-triazine electrophilic ring via alkyl spacers in presence of potassium carbonate as hydrochloride acceptor. Differencial scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy and x-ray diffraction confirmed Smectic mesophase textures of the materials. Increase in the polymethylene spacer length influence the thermal and phase stability of the compounds studied.
A Large-Scale Analysis of the Security of Embedded Firmwares (2015)

As embedded systems are more than ever present in our society, their security is becoming an increasingly important issue. However, based on the results of many recent analyses of individual firmware images, embed-ded systems acquired a reputation of being insecure. De-spite these facts, we still lack a global understanding of embedded systems ’ security as well as the tools and tech-niques needed to support such general claims. In this paper we present the first public, large-scale analysis of firmware images. In particular, we unpacked 32 thousand firmware images into 1.7 million individ-ual files, which we then statically analyzed. We leverage this large-scale analysis to bring new insights on the se-curity of embedded devices and to underline and detail several important challenges that need to be addressed in future research. We also show the main benefits of look-ing at many different devices at the same time and of linking our results with other large-scale datasets such as the ZMap’s HTTPS survey. In summary, without performing sophisticated static analysis, we discovered a total of 38 previously unknown vulnerabilities in over 693 firmware images. Moreover, by correlating similar files inside apparently unrelated firmware images, we were able to extend some of those vulnerabilities to over 123 different products. We also confirmed that some of these vulnerabilities altogether are affecting at least 140K devices accessible over the Internet. It would not have been possible to achieve these results without an analysis at such wide scale. We believe that this project, which we plan to provide as a firmware unpacking and analysis web service1, will help shed some light on the security of embedded de-vices.
Consistency management for complex applications (1998)

Consistency management is important in many complex applications, but current languages and database systems inadequately support it. To address this limitation, we defined a consistency management model and incorporated it into the PLEIADES object management system. This paper illustrates some typical consistency management requirements and discusses the requirements in terms of both functionality and cross-cutting concerns that affect how this functionality is provided. It then describes the model and some design and implementation issues that arose in instantiating it. Finally, we discuss user feedback and future research plans.
MicroRNA-21 dysregulates the expression of MEF2C in neurons in monkey and human SIV/HIV neurological disease (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating a plethora of physiological and pathophysiogical processes including neurodegeneration. In both HIV associated dementia in humans and its monkey model SIV encephalitis we find miR-21, a miRNA largely known for its link to oncogenesis, to be significantly upregulated in the brain. In situ hybridization of the diseased brain sections revealed induction of miR-21 in neurons. MiR-21 can be induced in neurons by prolonged N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor stimulation, an excitotoxic process active in HIV and other neurodegenerative diseases. Introduction of miR-21 into human neurons leads to pathological functional defects. Furthermore, we show that miR-21 specifically targets the mRNA of myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C), a transcription factor crucial for neuronal function, and reduces its expression. MEF2C is dramatically downregulated in neurons of HIV-associated dementia patients as well as monkeys with SIVE. Together, this study elucidates a novel role for miR-21 in the brain, not only as a potential signature of neurological disease but also as a crucial effector of HIV induced neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
Pathogenesis of NUT Midline Carcinoma (2011)

NUT midline carcinoma (NMC), an aggressive form of squamous cell carcinoma, is defined by the presence of acquired chromosomal rearrangements involving NUT, usually BRD4-NUT fusion genes and, less commonly, NUT-variant fusion genes involving BRD3 or still-uncharacterized genes. Improved diagnostic tests reveal that although rare, NMCs occur in people of any age and may be indistinguishable from more common squamous cell carcinomas of adulthood. NMCs have simple karyotypes whose hallmark is genomic instability, suggesting that NMC arises through a distinct pathogenic pathway representing a genetic shortcut to the phenotype of squamous cell carcinoma. Mechanistically, BRD-NUT fusion proteins appear to act by blocking differentiation, possibly by sequestering histone acetyltransferase activity. Accordingly, histone deacetylase inhibitors or BET inhibitors, the latter of which inhibit binding of BRD-NUT proteins to chromatin, induce terminal differentiation of NMC cells. These insights provide a rationale for targeted therapy of NMC, which is almost uniformly refractory to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
The role of integrins in the malignant phenotype of gliomas (1999)

Integrins are cell surface receptors that mediate the physical and functional interactions between a cell and its surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Expressed as heterodimers, the specific alpha or beta chains that constitute the integrin receptor determine the repertoire of ECM proteins to which a specific integrin may bind (table 1). While classically, the role ascribed to integrins has been that of anchoring cells to the ECM, the more contemporary spectrum of integrin function greatly exceeds that of mere cell adhesion. Recent reports have demonstrated that the interaction between the ECM and cell surface integrins leads to intracellular signaling events that affect cell migration, proliferation, and survival, which in the context of neoplastic cells, can translate directly into the malignant phenotype (1). Indeed, the role of specific integrins in tumorigenesis has been demonstrated in numerous cancer types (table 2). In primary tumors of the nervous system, the contribution of integrins to the malignant phenotype of gliomas has been an area of significant attention and research in numerous laboratories, including that of ours. As illustrated in table 3, several integrins have been identified as being of key importance in glioma biology. In this article, we review the current knowledge of how these integrins influence the malignant characteristics of gliomas and, as such, how these cell surface receptors may thus represent potential targets in the design of future therapeutics for patients afflicted with gliomas.
Naturally occurring inflammatory arthritis of the spondyloarthropathy variety in Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). (1997)

Naturally-occurring spondyloarthropathy afflicts 20% of susceptible-aged individuals in surviving macaque troops at the CPRC. This phenomenon appears to present a unique natural model for the characterization of the genetic, immunological and environmental contributions to this disease, which afflicts 0.5-5% of the human population. This natural model would appear to supplant the need for the collagen-induced large animal model.
Redox Potential-Sensitive <i>N</i>-Acetyl Cysteine-Prodrug Nanoparticles Inhibit the Activation of Microglia and Improve Neuronal Survival (2017)

One hallmark of neuroinflammation is the activation of microglia, which triggers the production and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrate, nitrite, and cytokines. N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a free radical scavenger that is involved in the intracellular and extracellular detoxification of reactive oxygen species in the brain. However, the clinical application of NAC is limited by its low bioavailability and short half-life. Herein, NAC was conjugated to a polymer through a disulfide bond to form a NAC-prodrug nanoparticle (NAC-NP). Dynamic light scattering found that the NAC-NP has a size of around 50 nm. In vitro studies revealed that the release of NAC from NAC-NP is responsive to its environmental redox potential. For mimicking neuroinflammation in vitro, microglial cells were stimulated by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the effect of NAC-NP on activated microglia was investigated. The study found that the morphology as well as the expression of microgliosis marker Iba-1 of the cells treated with NAC-NPs and LPS were close to those of control cells, indicating that NAC-NPs can inhibit the activation of microglia stimulated by LPS. Compared with free NAC, the production of ROS, NO<sub>3</sub>-, NO<sub>2</sub>-, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-1β from the LPS-stimulated microglia was considerably decreased when the cells were pretreated with NAC-NPs. Furthermore, LPS-induced microglial phagocytocis of neurons was inhibited in the presence of NAC-NPs. These results indicated that NAC-NPs are more effective than free NAC for reversing the effect of LPS on microglia and subsequently protecting neurons.
The chemoprevention of cancer by dietary carotenoids: Studies in mouse and human cells (1995)

In many epidemiologic studies a decreased risk of cancer has been associated with the consumption of diets rich in fruits and in green and yellow vegetables. Of the many components of such a diet the content of carotenoids, particularly β-carotene, has been most consistently linked to decreased risk. The biological mechanism for such protection is at present unclear; multiple possibilities exist: carotenoids are potent antioxidants and oxidative stress is known to contribute to carcinogenesis; many carotenoids can be converted to retinoids, known cancer preventive agents at several anatomic sites; finally carotenoids may possess additional actions in mammalian cells. Experimental studies have been inhibited by difficulties in delivering these molecules to target cells. A novel delivery system, using THE as solvent, has been developed and the activity of several carotenoids tested in mouse 10T1/2 cells. Carotenoids have been shown to: (a) inhibit plasma membrane lipid-oxidation; (b) inhibit carcinogen-induced neoplastic transformation; (c) cause up-regulated expression at the message and protein level of connexin43, a gene coding for the structural unit of a gap junction. This latter activity was statistically correlated with the ability to inhibit neoplastic transformation. While protection from carcinogen-induced neoplastic transformation cannot be directly studied in human cells, Cx43 expression is also up-regulated in human fibroblasts, suggesting that carotenoids have chemopreventive action in humans. We have proposed that increased junctional communication is mechanistically linked to inhibition of transformation. In this model, the gap junction serves as a conduit for growth regulatory signals from normal to carcinogen-initiated cells, thereby suppressing their transformation.
High-frequency characteristics of respiratory mechanics determined by flow interruption (1990)

When flow at the airway opening is suddenly interrupted, the pressure measured just behind the point of interruption generally exhibits certain characteristic features, including some rapid and highly damped oscillations immediately after the interruption. It has previously been assumed that these oscillations reflect ringing of central airways gas. In the present study we investigated this hypothesis by performing flow interruptions during relaxed expiration in normal, tracheostomized, anesthetized, paralyzed dogs while the lungs were filled with four different gas mixtures having widely varying physical properties. We found that the power spectrum of the oscillations exhibited two peaks. The larger peak was centered about a frequency that varied approximately linearly with the inverse of the square root of the gas density. The other peak was smaller and was located at approximately 70 Hz with all gas mixtures. The area under the power spectrum of the ringing varied approximately linearly with the density of the gas mixture. These results indicate that the larger peak in the power spectrum reflects the quarter-wave resonance of the gas in the airways, whereas the smaller peak reflects a tissue resonance.
Practical Issues on Key Distribution in Power Line Networks (2006)

Installing a power line communication infrastructure for energy management that allows collecting and deploying information down to the premises of customers requires an integrated security system. Otherwise the risk of malicious use of the network and the connected control facilities would imply a risk much too high. This article describes the security functions and the key management system of the REMPLI (real-time energy management via powerlines and Internet) project that is implemented to guarantee integrity, authenticity and confidentiality of transmitted information. The challenges of the system are the resource limited equipment and the bandwidth constraints of the power line, which are mastered by a four layered security system using symmetric cryptography and hierarchical key systems.
INTEGRATED <font>SiGe</font> AND <font>Si</font> DEVICE CAPABILITIES AND TRENDS FOR MULTI-GIGAHERTZ APPLICATIONS (2003)

Silicon-based devices, including the increasingly available SiGe-based devices, are now demonstrating f T and f MAX values over 200 GHz. These recent advances open the door to a wide range of silicon-based very high frequency, low power and highly integrated solutions. Trends in silicon MOS, SiGe HBT, SiGe MODFET and SiGe strained silicon FETs are reported. Silicon inroads to device functions viewed as the sole realm of III-V technologies are also being demonstrated. Capability and trends of the integrated silicon photodiode are reported here as an example. Integration of these high-speed devices into a complex circuit requires on-chip passive device functionality at such high frequency. Key devices to enable integration are the inductor, varactor, and transmission line, and operation of these devices at high frequency is reported. Further, we discuss noise isolation issues and techniques, which may be used when minimizing cross-talk within a conductive silicon substrate.
[Collection of peripheral blood stem cells from ABO incompatible allogeneic donors by using blood cell separator]. (2005)

To evaluate the yield of the blood cell separator for collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) from ABO major and (or) minor incompatible allogeneic donors and the feasibility of PBSC component infusion to the recipients without removal of erythrocytes or plasma, the Cobe Spectra (Version 6.1) blood cell separator was utilized to collect PBSC component from 9 allogeneic donors. Of all the donors, 4 were ABO major incompatible, 2 were minor incompatible and the other 3 were both major and minor incompatible to corresponding recipients. In each cycle, different amount of PBSC component was harvested, and the variable volume plasma chased the cells into the bag was adjusted according to the ABO incompatibility. The nucleated cell count, percentage of mononuclear cell, number of CD34(+) cell and percentage of viable cell (trypan blue excluding rate) in the component were detected. At the time of infusion, a series of protective measures to the renal function of recipients were taken. The results showed that apheresis was twice performed on these eight donors to collected enough PBSC for transplantation or cryopreservation, except one apheresis was enough for cell amount needed by transplantation, as the donor's body weight was much heavier than that of the recipient. Altogether 17 apheresises were performed, the mean yield of nucleated cells was 3.77 x 10(10), in which 97% to 99% were mononuclear cells (MNC). The harvested number of CD34(+) cell was 8.62 x 10(6)/kg. All the trypan blue exclusion rate was 100%. In ABO major incompatible or both major and minor incompatible component, there were 8 - 10 ml packed erythrocytes; in ABO minor incompatible component, there were 80 - 120 ml of plasma. These components were infused into the recipients without removal of erythrocytes or plasma and no haemolytic reaction was observed in any recipient, and their hematopoietic functions soon recovered. Results suggest that enough PBSC can be acquired by using blood cell separator Cobe Spectra (Version 6.1), with the modified separation factors, and the collected PBSC component can be safely infused into the ABO incompatible recipients without removal of erythrocytes or plasma.
What's new in derivative regulation (1994)

Abstract The increasing use of derivative transactions has raised serious questions about their risks. This article highlights current regulatory developments and includes a model disclosure and some useful management checklists for meeting the new requirements.
A THEORY FOR ESTIMATION OF SURFACE AND INTERFACIAL ENERGIES. III. ESTIMATION OF SURFACE ENERGIES OF SOLIDS FROM CONTACT ANGLE DATA (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA THEORY FOR ESTIMATION OF SURFACE AND INTERFACIAL ENERGIES. III. ESTIMATION OF SURFACE ENERGIES OF SOLIDS FROM CONTACT ANGLE DATARobert J. Good and L. A. GirifalcoCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1960, 64, 5, 561–565Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100834a012https://doi.org/10.1021/j100834a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4255Altmetric-Citations581LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Apparatus for Imposing and Measuring Rapid Pressure Changes in Gases (1952)

A simple apparatus is described in which rapid volume changes can be imposed on a small reaction vessel by means of a bellows and cam arrangement. Thus pressure increments of the order of 10 mm Hg can be induced in about 2 milliseconds. The pressure changes during the expansion or compression, and the subsequent adjustment to equilibrium in case the vessel is filled with a dissociating gas is followed by a Massa Sound pick-up (piezoelectric unit). The sensitivity of the apparatus is such that a Δp=6.7 mm gives an inch deflection on the oscilloscope. Limitations of the present design, and possible improvements for increased stability and sensitivity are discussed.
Photocurrent of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon thin film/crystalline silicon heterostructure (2007)

We report on the photocurrent properties of the hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) thin film/crystalline silicon (c-Si) n-p heterostructure. By comparison with the c-Si n-p homojunction, two Gaussian-type photocurrent peaks are observed in the nc-Si:H/c-Si heterostructure and attributed to be transitions from a tail band or discrete levels in quantum dots with localized states, and a miniband with extended states associated with the embedded nanometer crystallites in the amorphous boundaries of the nc-Si:H thin film. The observed strong photocurrent signals and temperature dependency have revealed the unique electronic states of the miniband in the nc-Si:H thin film. Our investigations into the photocurrent properties may help to realize nc-Si:H/c-Si heterostructure-based optoelectronic devices.
Optical response of a nonlinear dielectric film (1987)

We present a theoretical discussion of the optical reflectivity and transmissivity of a dielectric slab of arbitrary thickness, with index of refraction that contains a term proportional to the intensity of the optical wave in the slab. An exact solution is found for the problem, in terms of a single parameter whose value is determined through a straightforward numerical search procedure. We present numerical studies of the power dependence of the transmissivity, with emphasis on bistability, and the multivalued behavior of the transmissivity considered as a function of incident power.