gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Action of Antifoaming Agents at Optimum Concentrations (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAction of Antifoaming Agents at Optimum ConcentrationsSydney Ross and G. J. YoungCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1951, 43, 11, 2520–2525Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50503a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50503a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Auditory scene analysis and hidden Markov model recognition of speech in noise (2002)

We describe a novel paradigm for automatic speech recognition in noisy environments in which an initial stage of auditory scene analysis separates out the evidence for the speech to be recognised from the evidence for other sounds. In general, this evidence will be incomplete, since intruding sound sources will dominate some spectro-temporal regions. We generalise continuous-density hidden Markov model recognition to this 'occluded speech' case. The technique is based on estimating the probability that a Gaussian mixture density distribution for an auditory firing rate map will generate an observation such that the separated components are at their observed values and the remaining components are not greater than their values in the acoustic mixture. Experiments on isolated digit recognition in noise demonstrate the potential of the new approach to yield performance comparable to that of listeners.
Intraoperative measurement of knee kinematics in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (2002)

Our objectives were to establish the envelope of passive movement and to demonstrate the kinematic behaviour of the knee during standard clinical tests before and after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). An electromagnetic device was used to measure movement of the joint during surgery. Reconstruction of the ACL significantly reduced the overall envelope of tibial rotation (10° to 90° flexion), moved this envelope into external rotation from 0° to 20° flexion, and reduced the anterior position of the tibial plateau (5° to 30° flexion) (p < 0.05 for all). During the pivot-shift test in early flexion there was progressive anterior tibial subluxation with internal rotation. These subluxations reversed suddenly around a mean position of 36 ± 9° of flexion of the knee and consisted of an external tibial rotation of 13 ± 8° combined with a posterior tibial translation of 12 ± 8 mm. This abnormal movement was abolished after reconstruction of the ACL.
Glucose‐stimulated signaling pathways in biphasic insulin secretion (2002)

Glucose-stimulated biphasic insulin secretion involves at least two signaling pathways, the KATP channel-dependent and KATP channel-independent pathways, respectively. In the former, enhanced glucose metabolism increases the cellular adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate (ATP/ADP) ratio, closes KATP channels and depolarizes the cell. Activation of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels increases Ca(2+) entry and [Ca(2+)]i and stimulates insulin release. The KATP channel-independent pathways augment the response to increased [Ca(2+)]i by mechanisms that are currently unknown. However, they affect different pools of insulin-containing granules in a highly coordinated manner. The beta-cell granule pools can be minimally described as reserve, morphologically docked, readily and immediately releasable. Activation of the KATP channel-dependent pathway results in exocytosis of an immediately releasable pool that is responsible for the first phase of glucose-stimulated insulin release. Following glucose metabolism, the rate-limiting step for the first phase lies in the rate of signal transduction between sensing the rise in [Ca(2+)]i and exocytosis of the immediately releasable granules. The immediately releasable pool of granules can be enlarged by previous exposure to glucose (by time-dependent potentiation, TDP), and by second messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and diacylglycerol (DAG). The second phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is due mainly to the KATP channel-independent pathways acting in synergy with the KATP channel-dependent pathway. The rate-limiting step here is the conversion of readily releasable granules to the state of immediate releasability, following which, in an activated cell they will undergo exocytosis. In the rat and human beta-cell the KATP channel-independent pathways induce a time-dependent increase in the rate of this step that results in the typical rising second-phase response. In the mouse beta-cell the rate appears not to be changed much by glucose. Potential intermediates involved in controlling the rate-limiting step include increases in cytosolic long-chain acyl-CoA levels, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP), DAG binding proteins, including some isoforms of protein kinase (PKC), and protein acyl transferases. Agonists that can change the rate-limiting steps for both phases of insulin release include those like glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) that raise cyclic AMP levels and those like acetylcholine that act via DAG.
Combined Use of Bacteriophage K and a Novel Bacteriophage To Reduce Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation (2014)

Biofilms are major causes of impairment of wound healing and patient morbidity. One of the most common and aggressive wound pathogens is Staphylococcus aureus, displaying a large repertoire of virulence factors and commonly reduced susceptibility to antibiotics, such as the spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Bacteriophages are obligate parasites of bacteria. They multiply intracellularly and lyse their bacterial host, releasing their progeny. We isolated a novel phage, DRA88, which has a broad host range among S. aureus bacteria. Morphologically, the phage belongs to the Myoviridae family and comprises a large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome of 141,907 bp. DRA88 was mixed with phage K to produce a high-titer mixture that showed strong lytic activity against a wide range of S. aureus isolates, including representatives of the major international MRSA clones and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Its efficacy was assessed both in planktonic cultures and when treating established biofilms produced by three different biofilm-producing S. aureus isolates. A significant reduction of biofilm biomass over 48 h of treatment was recorded in all cases. The phage mixture may form the basis of an effective treatment for infections caused by S. aureus biofilms.
A combined-transform coding (CTC) scheme for image data compression (2002)

A combined-transform-coding (CTC) method that reduces the blocking effect of the baseline two-dimensional discrete-cosine-transform (DCT) coding scheme is proposed. Several computer simulation results are presented to demonstrate the improvement provided by the CTC scheme in subjective quality. It is pointed out that the idea of combined coding (CC) can also be used in noiseless coding. Experimental results show that the compression performance for CC is better than that of coding an image as a whole. Several experimental results are tabulated for a set of chest anterior-posterior (AP) view X-ray images. The advantages of the CTC scheme include no ringing effect due to no error propagation across block boundaries, no additional computation, and the ability to hold distortion below a certain threshold.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Constructing Clinical Decision Support Systems for Adverse Drug Event Prevention: A Knowledge-based Approach. (2010)

A knowledge-based approach is proposed that is employed for the construction of a framework suitable for the management and effective use of knowledge on Adverse Drug Event (ADE) prevention. The framework has as its core part a Knowledge Base (KB) comprised of rule-based knowledge sources, that is accompanied by the necessary inference and query mechanisms to provide healthcare professionals and patients with decision support services in clinical practice, in terms of alerts and recommendations on preventable ADEs. The relevant Knowledge Based System (KBS) is developed in the context of the EU-funded research project PSIP (Patient Safety through Intelligent Procedures in Medication). In the current paper, we present the foundations of the framework, its knowledge model and KB structure, as well as recent progress as regards the population of the KB, the implementation of the KBS, and results on the KBS verification in decision support operation.
Topical Application of Plasma Fibronectin in Full-Thickness Skin Wound Healing in Rats (2007)

Fibronectin (Fn) has been shown to play an important role in wound healing because it appears to be the stimulus for migration of fibroblasts and epidermal cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether topical application of plasma Fn (pFn) improves healing of full-thickness skin wounds in rats. A round section of full-thickness skin (diameter of approximately 15 mm) was resected in rats. Animals were then divided into two groups, and wounds were treated topically with a single application of human plasma albumin (control group) or human pFn (FN group). Wound closure rate, hydroxyproline concentration, and histologic features (immunohistochemical staining) were evaluated. The FN group had a significantly higher wound closure rate and hydroxyproline level in the skin than the control group. Histologic analysis of macrophage and fibroblast migration, collagen regeneration, and epithelialization were significantly increased in the FN group compared with the control group. A single topical application of pFn increased the migration of macrophages, myofibroblasts, and fibroblasts. Moreover, further release of transforming growth factor-beta1 from activated fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and epithelial cells may also contribute to the beneficial effect of pFn on wound healing.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotypes in nosocomial pneumonia: prevalence and clinical outcomes (2014)

In P. aeruginosa nosocomial pneumonia, the most prevalent serotypes were O6 and O11. Further studies including larger group sizes are needed to correlate clinical outcome with virulence factors of P. aeruginosa in patients with nosocomial pneumonia caused by various serotypes; and to compare O6 and O11, the two serotypes most frequently encountered in critically ill patients.
Vertical transmission of HIV-1 infection. Diagnosis and prevention. (1995)

With an increase in the number of women of childbearing age being infected with HIV-1, the incidence of pediatric AIDS is rising precipitously. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the risks and the potential preventive methods that may be effective in decreasing the transmission from mother to child, i.e., vertical transmission. Administration of zidovudine has been demonstrated to significantly lower the rate of vertical transmission. Passive and active vaccination may also be useful in diminishing the transmission rate. Likewise, methods which provide a rapid and predictive measurement of the likelihood of vertical transmission, such as qualitative and quantitative differences in anti-HIV-1 maternal antibodies between transmitters and nontransmitters, have potential clinical utility.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA/hK3): a further player in the field of breast cancer diagnostics? (2001)

Since its identification, much information has been obtained about prostate-specific antigen (PSA, or human glandular kallikrein 3 [hK3]), a kallikrein-like serine protease that is the most valuable tumour marker for the screening, diagnosis and management of human prostate carcinoma. Recently, it has become widely accepted that PSA is also present in many nonprostatic sources, casting doubts about the specificity of its tissue expression. Here we summarize the findings on the biomolecular expression of PSA in breast secretions, cells and tissues of healthy and diseased females. Although several studies have strongly suggested that the molecular forms of PSA seem to represent a potential tool for the risk assessment of breast cancer, recent reports have yielded conflicting results. Although several studies have suggested new biological function(s) for PSA in breast physiopathology, more studies are needed to enlist PSA unequivocally as an additional weapon in the anticancer armoury in breast cancer diagnostics.
Trade-off Analysis of Identity Management Systems with an Untrusted Identity Provider (2008)

Internet users interact with multiple Web Service Providers (WSP), and therefore, must remember and manage multiple passwords. Users try to overcome the burden of password management by employing insecure solutions such as reusing the same password with several WSP. Identity management systems provide a solution for such problems. The common "assertion-based"' Identity Management systems require a strong trust in the Identity Provider (IdP), which has the power to impersonate any of its users. However, such trust is unlikely to materialize in the global Internet setting. This paper uses a goal-oriented approach for analyzing trust trade-offs of Identity Management systems in the global Internet scenario. We analyze a new proposal for a global Identity Management system named SlashID. SlashID takes advantage of client-side cryptography to eliminate the required trust relationship between the IdP and end users. We analyze and compare the impact of trust trade-offs of the SlashID solution.
Effect of Mixing Bioactive Nanoceramics with a Thermosensitive Hydrogel as Bone Substitute (2012)

The composite of methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) and poly(lactic-co- glycolic acid) (PLGA) thermosensitive hydrogel mixed with different mass raio of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) were used as bone graft substitutes. The physical properties of a series of composite gels, including the critical micelle concentration (CMC), particle sizes, zeta potential, rheological behavior, morphology of composite gels, and sol–gel transition, were characterized in vitro. These composite gels could form a gel at body temperature and could be controlled easily at room temperature. During the in vitro degradation process, composite gels demonstrated a slight decrease in pH value, a slower degradation rate, less toxicity, and a higher cell survival rate. The biocompatibility of the composite gels was validated by hemolysis test. In vivo animal studies demonstrated both radiographic and gross bone union when the ratio of HAP/ β-TCP was 7:3.
Fabrication and Electron Field Emission Properties of Carbon Nanotube Films by Electrophoretic Deposition (2001)

Uniform carbon nanotube films (see Figure) can be readily formed by electrophoretic deposition, as is presented in this communication. By varying deposition current and time, films with thicknesses in the range between several tens of nanometers and a few micrometers can be fabricated. The macroscopic nanotube films also show excellent electron field emission characteristics.
A Phase I Trial to Determine the Safety, Tolerability, and Maximum Tolerated Dose of Deforolimus in Patients with Advanced Malignancies (2009)

Deforolimus was well tolerated on the schedule tested in this trial with toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles that were similar to that of other mTOR inhibitors. Additional phase II studies are needed to determine if deforolimus is superior to other mTOR inhibitors in terms of efficacy. The change in serum cholesterol as a potential biomarker of activity should be studied further.
Long-distance 40-Gbit/s soliton transmission over standard fiber by use of dispersion management (1998)

We demonstrate, through numerical simulations, the possibility of transmitting solitonlike pulses over 2000 km of standard fiber at a single-channel data rate of 40 Gbits/s. The system used here employs a novel dispersion map to overcome the large fiber dispersion. The longest transmission distance was achieved with pulses that did not exhibit the enhanced energy normally associated with dispersion management and indeed had lower energy than an equivalent average soliton.
Pd(<scp>ii</scp>)-catalyzed remote regiodivergent <i>ortho</i>- and <i>meta</i>-C–H functionalizations of phenylethylamines (2015)

Site selectivity control is of vital importance in the direct functionalization of inert C-H bonds. Reported here is a novel example of remote regiodivergent <i>ortho</i>- and <i>meta</i>-C-H bond functionalizations of phenylethylamine derivatives by using a novel 2-cyanobenzoyl group as the original directing functionality, where the regioselectivity was adjusted by a methylation. The potential of the method was exemplified by sequential functionalizations of both <i>ortho</i>- and <i>meta</i>-C-H bonds of a phenylethylamine derivative in a streamlined manner.
Pyridine‐substituted hydroxythiophenes. IV. Preparation of 3‐ and 4‐(2‐, 3‐ and 4‐pyridyl)‐2‐hydroxythiophenes (1995)

Abstract 3‐(2‐, 3‐ and 4‐Pyridyl)‐2‐methoxythiophenes have been prepared in good yields through the Pd(0)‐cat‐alyzed coupling of the three isomeric bromopyridines with 3‐trimethylstannyl‐2‐methoxythiophene. This compound was prepared through halogen‐metal exchange of 3‐bromo‐2‐methoxythiophene followed by stannylation. 3‐Bromo‐2‐methoxythiophene was prepared by dibromination and α‐debromination of 2‐methoxythiophen. Most attempts to demethylate 2‐methoxy‐3‐pyridylthiophenes using a large variety of reagents failed, probably due to the instability and high reactivity of the desired 3‐pyridyl‐2‐hydroxythiophene systems. Only 2‐methoxy‐3‐(3‐pyridyl)thiophene reacted with boron tribromide to give 3‐(3‐pyridyl)‐3‐thiolene‐2‐one, which only was stable in ether solution at −20°. The attempted demethylation of 2‐methoxy‐3‐(2‐pyridyl)thiophene with trimethylsilane chloride/sodium iodide in refluxing acetonitrile led to a dimer. Demethylation of the 2‐methoxy‐3‐pyridylthiophenes with dibenzyl diselenide and sodium borohydride gave 3‐pyridylthiophan‐2‐ones. A number of other routes to prepare 3‐pyridyl‐2‐hydroxythiophenes were also explored, but none of them gave the desired compounds. On the other hand, the 4‐(2‐, 3‐, and 4‐pyridyl)‐2‐hydroxythiophene systems could easily be prepared by hydrogen peroxide oxidation of the corresponding 4‐pyridyl‐2‐thiopheneboronic esters, which were obtained from 2‐bromo‐4‐pyridylthiophenes by halogen‐metal exchange followed by reaction with ethyl borate. The 2‐bromo‐4‐pyridylthiophenes were prepared by dibromination of the known 3‐pyridylthiophenes to the 2,5‐dibromo derivatives, and removal of the 2‐bromine by halogen‐metal exchange at −100°, followed by hydrolysis. The 1 H nmr and ir spectroscopic investigations show that these quite stable 2‐hydroxythiophene systems exist exclusively in the 4‐pyridyl‐3‐thiolen‐2‐one forms.
Experimental Investigation on the Compression Behavior of Concrete Filled Circular FRP Tubes (2008)

Durability problems may arise in the concrete, which is one of the major construction materials, used in the construction field. Bridge piers and foundation piles are usually made with concrete and they are exposed to the moisture and hence the durability of the concrete reduced significantly due to oxidization of re-bar and icing of concrete. To mitigate such problems, FRP tube has been developed and the concrete filled FRP tube (CFFT) has been investigated to find the confinement effect which is provided additionally. It was reported that if the concrete is wrapped with FRP, strength and chemical resistance are improved significantly. In order to apply such a member in the construction field, structural behavior and applicable design guideline or design criteria must be thoroughly investigated. In the experimental investigation, the results are compared with the previous research results and the relationship which can predict the ultimate strength and strain is suggested. In addition, some comments found at the compression tests are given briefly.
Substrate delivery as a determinant of hepatic apoB secretion. (1993)

The evidence that apoB particles secreted by the liver can differ in number and composition has been reviewed. No evidence has yet emerged that changes in apoB100 itself affect the rate of its secretion from the liver. The metabolic role of apoB appears to be the prevention of lipid accumulation within the liver cell: when delivery of lipid to the liver increases, apoB secretion will increase pari passu. This reality in no way detracts from the critical role played by the LDL receptor in determining the number of LDL particles in plasma, nor does it diminish the potential importance of intracellular processes such as 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity to also mediate LDL receptor activity. However, it should be obvious that variation in catabolism by itself cannot explain all that has been observed in physiological and pathological studies. On the contrary, the whole process must be taken into account--the rate at which apoB particles are added to the circulation, the rate at which they are converted to LDL, and the rate at which they are irreversibly removed from plasma--if we are to understand and appreciate this most peculiar and most important of transport systems.
Evaluating advanced architectures for AI production systems (2003)

The author evaluates the suitability of advanced parallel processing architectures for efficiently executing forward-chaining AI (artificial intelligence) production system (PS) algorithms. A PS overview is presented and sequential PS algorithms discussed. Fundamental PS algorithm processes are described and reported metrics reviewed. Architectures constructed or proposed for executing parallel PS are surveyed, and parallel algorithms, such as the parallelized Rete, TREAT, DADO, Shaw, and Loral bit-vector algorithms, are reviewed. Algorithm state-saving and execution modality characteristics are summarized. The suitability of the following types of parallel processing architectures for PS is then evaluated on the basis of metrics, benchmarks, simulations and formal studies: shared memory, bus-based multiprocessors: associative memory processors; data-flow machines hypercube-structured, message-passing architectures; and tree-structured multiprocessor architectures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>