gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: New Horizons (2005)

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a hypophosphatemic rachitic disorder, which occurs in one of 20,000 live births. The disease phenotype is quite variable, and many patients do not have profound signs or symptoms including rickets. Thus, XLH is sometimes called "XLH rickets without rickets". Such phenotypic variability makes a genetic examination of potentially affected patients inevitable for definite diagnosis. In most of the patients, hypophosphatemia, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, and a lowered level of active vitamin D, as well as abnormalities in the bone mineralization, are seen. In hyp-mice, the model mouse of XLH, a hormonal abnormality that affects the Npt2 protein mediates the abnormal Nadependent Pi transport in the renal tubules. The defect in vitamin D metabolism is the result of diminished 25(OH)D-1-hydroxylase activity due to a post-transcriptional abnormality. There is a genetic abnormality of the PHEX gene causal of XLH. PHEX codes a protein from the cell membrane-bound endopeptidase family, which causes hypophosphatemia by decreasing the Npt2 in the kidneys; however, the localization of PHEX is limited to the bones and teeth. To clarify the pathophysiology of XLH, therefore, identification of the mechanism by which the diseased gene functions is urgently required. Key words: Npt2, PHEX gene, phosphatonin/minhibin, vitamin D metabolism, X-linked hypophosphatemia X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), or Xlinked hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia, is t h e a r c h e t y p i c a l d i s o rd e r a m o n g s t t h e hypophosphatemic rachitic diseases in man (1). The disease is not infrequent, occurring in one of 20,000 live births. Recently, autosomal dominant hypophosphatemia, hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets/hypercalciuria (2), autosomal dominant hypophosphatemia (3), and Fanconi's Syndrome Types I and II (4, 5) were described as disorders belonging to the genetic variants of this group. There are also acquired hypophosphatemic rachitic/osteomalacic disorders, including tumorinduced osteomalacia (TIO) (6) and a variant form of Fanconi's syndrome Type I, which is caused by taking outdated tetracyclines.
Fast Voronoi Diagrams and Offsets on Triangulated Surfaces (2000)

We apply the Fast Marching Method on triangulated domains to efficiently compute Voronoi diagrams and offset curves on triangulated manifolds. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is optimal, O(M log M), where M is the number of vertices. The algorithm also applies to weighted domains in which a different cost is assigned to each surface point.
An experimental comparison of preprocessing methods for age classification (2009)

This paper investigates image transformations as preprocessing steps that can be applied toward a state-of-the-art age classification framework of manifold learning. We report on the experimental results of four different preprocessing methods in terms of classification accuracy using a large training and test face database. The use of histograms of oriented gradient (HOG) descriptors increases the classification accuracy from 46 to 75%. Robustness to the rotation and translation is also tested.
Neural Networks: Perceptrons (2011)

Neural networks are collections of processing units, each of which is connected to many other units. This chapter discusses some general issues regarding the architecture of the neural network. The units in a multilayer feedforward network are organized in layers, with the output of neurons in one layer serving as the inputs to the neurons in the next layer. The first layer receives external inputs. Feedforward neural networks can be used to solve the pattern recognition problem. The last layer is the output layer, consists of just one unit. The chapter presents Perceptron Convergence Procedure and that includes, choosing some initial values for all the weights and for the constant c. and to repeatedly cycle through the training examples. For each training example considered, weights have to be adjusted according to the equation. Controlled Vocabulary Terms statistics
Elucidation of chemical exchange networks by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy: the heptamethylbenzenonium ion (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElucidation of chemical exchange networks by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy: the heptamethylbenzenonium ionB. H. Meier and R. R. ErnstCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 21, 6441–6442Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00515a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00515a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views626Altmetric-Citations193LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection and measurement of oral malodour in periodontitis patients (2006)

The results confirmed that there was no correlation between the clinical parameters, halitosis linked toxins and halitosis grading. The microbial colonies have shown to correlate with the presence of oral malodour.
Incomplete information and the join operation in database machines (1987)

The proliferation of data combined with higher performance requirements have forced designers of database systems to look beyond software solutions. Hardware approaches, namely database machines, have been introduced to overcome this problem. Most of the database machine designs have been based on the relational database model. The performance of these machines has been closely identified with the performance of the join operation.The recent discussion of null values and maybe algebra allows the user to examine potentially interesting data relationships based on part on unknown (incomplete) data.The work presented here examines the performance of a join module at the presence of incomplete data in the database. Four classes of join operations namely: True join, maybe join, attribute maybe join and outer join have been considered in this study. In addition, we will show that the enhanced join module does not sacrifice the performance of the true join operation.
Targeting atrioventricular differences in ion channel properties for terminating acute atrial fibrillation in pigs (2010)

I(Kur) is an ineffective anti-arrhythmic drug target in cholinergic AF. Manipulating Na(+) current 'availability' might represent a viable anti-arrhythmic strategy in AF.
Virus-Like Particles Displaying Trimeric Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Envelope gp160 Enhance the Breadth of DNA/Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara SIV Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses in Rhesus Macaques (2016)

The development of an effective HIV vaccine remains a global necessity for preventing HIV infection and reducing the burden of AIDS. While this goal represents a formidable challenge, the modest efficacy of the RV144 trial indicates that multicomponent vaccination regimens that elicit both cellular and humoral immune responses can prevent HIV infection in humans. However, whether protein immunizations synergize with DNA prime-viral vector boosts to enhance cellular and humoral immune responses remains poorly understood. We addressed this question in a nonhuman primate model, and our findings show benefit for sequential protein immunization combined with a potent adjuvant in boosting antibody titers induced by a preceding DNA/MVA immunization. This promising strategy can be further developed to enhance neutralizing antibody responses and boost CD8 T cells to provide robust protection and viral control.
Envelope tracking technique for mobile handset application (Inviter Paper) (2012)

Envelope tracking technique is suitable to the transmitters for mobile handset and becomes a hot research item in recent years. In this paper, we will overview the research trends in this area. The supply modulator handles the modulated signal and the PA works only for RF amplification. Because of the separated functions, the architecture is a favored structure for multimode/multiband operation. The supply modulator is an ideal power management IC for a PA. This technique is perused to improve the efficiency at a high power level as well as at a low power level. Because of the enhanced efficiency at a low power level, the transmitter can provide good performance at a low/high mode PA for handset. These new developments of the ET technology will be introduced.
Cognitive inhibition and working memory in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (2008)

Studies of cognitive control in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have emphasized the ability to suppress motor responses (i.e., behavioral inhibition) rather than the ability to actively suppress prepotent mental representations (i.e., cognitive inhibition). Further, working memory deficits are suspected in ADHD, yet their distinction from cognitive inhibition is unclear. Two hundred and eighty-eight adolescent and adult participants, 115 of whom met criteria for ADHD and 173 of whom were for non-ADHD comparison, completed a sentence processing task that required the suppression of an incorrect interpretation and a working memory task. The results failed to support cognitive inhibition problems in ADHD. Moreover, the ability to reanalyze sentences with a temporary misinterpretation was at least partially related to working memory performance. The results challenge a unitary inhibition problem in ADHD and suggest inhibition problems do not extend to cognitive suppression in this age range.
Using Rank Aggregation for Expert Search in Academic Digital Libraries (2015)

The task of expert finding has been getting increasing attention in information retrieval literature. However, the current state-of-the-art is still lacking in principled approaches for combining different sources of evidence. This paper explores the usage of unsupervised rank aggregation methods as a principled approach for combining multiple estimators of expertise, derived from the textual contents, from the graph-structure of the citation patterns for the community of experts, and from profile information about the experts. We specifically experimented two unsupervised rank aggregation approaches well known in the information retrieval literature, namely CombSUM and CombMNZ. Experiments made over a dataset of academic publications for the area of Computer Science attest for the adequacy of these methods.
Nanomolar Inhibitors for Two Distinct Biological Target Families from a Single Synthetic Sequence: A Next Step in Combinatorial Library Design? (1998)

One common synthetic route creates small-molecule libraries directed toward two functionally distinct target families. The novel structural template 1 can independently display the necessary pharmacophore patterns for inhibition of members of two different biomolecular target families, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or the phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The incorporation of multiple target family directed design elements into combinatorial library design could help expedite the pharmaceutical lead discovery process. Z=OR′ (PDE4), H (MMPs).
Proceedings : 13th Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems, October 25-27, 1994, Dana Point, California (1994)

Presents 21 papers from four countries from the October 1994 symposium. Covers topics including fault-tolerant algorithms, checkpointing, stochastic analysis, transaction-based systems, formal methods, message passing, and reconfiguring and load balancing. Lacks an index. Annotation copyright Book N
Comparison of short delay measurement methods (2015)

The article describes and compares various digital methods for measurement of short delay between fast analogue signals. A brief characterization of measured signals is given in the first chapter. In the second chapter, there are described various measurement methods. In the third chapter, there are compared various versions of each method and in the last chapter, there are the methods compared one another according to results of numerical experiments.
Biologically active sequence (KDI) mediates the neurite outgrowth function of the gamma‐1 chain of laminin‐1 (2001)

A neurite outgrowth domain of the gamma1-chain of laminin-1 (RDIAEIIKDI) promotes axon guidance of rat hippocampal neurons, regulates the nuclear movement phase of neuronal migration, and binds to the cellular prion protein (Liesi et al. [1995] J. Neurosci. Res. 134:447-486; Matsuzawa et al. [1998] J. Neurosci. Res. 53:114-124; Graner et al. [2000] Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 76:85-92). Using electrophysiology and neuronal culture experiments, we show that this 10 amino acid peptide or its smaller domains induces potassium currents in primary central neurons. Both these currents and the neurotoxicity of high concentrations of the 10 amino acid peptide antigen are prevented by pertussis toxin. The smallest peptide domain capable of inducing both potassium currents and promoting neurite outgrowth of human spinal cord neurons is a tri-peptide KDI. Our results indicate that KDI may be the biologically active domain of the gamma1 laminin, capable of modulating electrical activity and survival of central neurons via a G-protein coupled mechanism. These results expand the wide variety of functions already reported for the members of the laminin-gene family. They suggest that biologically active peptide domains of the gamma1 laminin may provide tools to promote neuronal regeneration after injuries and to enhance neuronal survival during aging and neuronal degeneration.
Identification of feeding stimulants for juvenile eel. (1984)

The present investigation was conducted to identify the feeding stimulants for juvenile ell Anguila japonica using a synthetic extract, based on the composition of the marine worm Perinereis brevicirrus. Juvenile eel showed a marked preference for a diet flavoured with the synthetic extract over an unflavoured diet. Feeding preference tests for the diet flavoured with one of the three major fractions (amino acids, uncleotides and other compounds) in the extract showed that the amino acids fraction was most stimulatory, followed by the “other compounds” fraction including glycine betaine and maltose, while the uncleotides fraction including adenosine-5'-monophosphate was inactive or repellent. The active constitunet in the amino acids fraction was identified as the fraction glycine, alanine, proline plus histidine whose activity fraction was mixed with uridine-5'-monophosphate, the resulting mixture was found to be more stimulatory than the amino acids fraction or the complete synthetic extract.
Infected cardiac-implantable electronic devices: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment (2015)

Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection, according to current trends, appears to be an increasing problem. It can be indolent and its diagnosis challenging. Cardiac implantable electronic device infections are potentially lethal, and timely diagnosis and early initiation of correct treatment are of highest importance for patient prognosis. For reducing CIED infections, careful patient selection, preventative measures, and appropriate choice of device are key. The current review presents available data and consensus opinion within the field of CIED infection and identifies important current practice points and aspects for future development. Strategies for reducing CIED infection should be tested in sufficiently powered and well-designed multicentre randomized controlled trials.
Aluminum-air power cell: The M4-cell assembly and initial tests (1985)

We fabricated, assembled, and tested the modular, wedge-shaped M4 Aluminum-Air Power Cell in a system with a fluidized-bed crystallizer and hydrocyclone separator. Two M4-cell experiments validated the design premises and indicated predictable performance. The combined duration of the M4-1 and M4-2 experiments was almost 9 h. Conductive epoxy bonds are inadequate for bonding the air-cathode metal screen to current collectors; soldered joints using low melting (93/sup 0/C) Indium solder performed satisfactorily. Both experiments were terminated because of problems directly traceable to metallic tin deposited by the stannate corrosion inhibitor. Apart from problems caused by metallic tin, the M4-2 test system performed very satisfactorily. Individual cell pods are readily assembled into single or multicell stacks; it is easy to disassemble the cells after a run to determine cell condition. Air-cathode assembly is the most cumbersome aspect of the M4 cell. We obtained valuable information regarding the evolution of particle-size distribution. We did not observe substantial agglomeration of the smaller crystals. A simple model of secondary nucleation gave a reasonably good fit to the secondary nucleation observed in the M3-3 experiment.
Serum cytochrome c indicates <i>in vivo</i> apoptosis and can serve as a prognostic marker during cancer therapy (2005)

Despite significant progress in cancer therapy, the outcome of the treatment is often unfavorable. Better treatment monitoring would not only allow an individual more effective, patient-adjusted therapy, but also it would eliminate some of the side effects. Using a cytochrome c ELISA that was modified to increase sensitivity, we demonstrate that serum cytochrome c is a sensitive apoptotic marker in vivo reflecting therapy-induced cell death burden. Furthermore, increased serum cytochrome c level is a negative prognostic marker. Cancer patients whose serum cytochrome c level was normal 3 years ago have a twice as high probability to be still alive, as judged from sera samples collected for 3 years, analyzed recently and matched with survival data. Moreover, we show that serum cytochrome c and serum LDH-activity reflect different stages and different forms of cell death. Cellular cytochrome c release is specific for apoptosis, whereas increased LDH activity is an indicator of (secondary) necrosis. Whereas serum LDH activity reflects the "global" degree of cell death over a period of time, the sensitive cytochrome c-based method allows confirmation of the individual cancer therapy-induced and spontaneous cell death events. The combination of cytochrome c with tissue-specific markers may provide the foundation for precise monitoring of apoptosis in vivo, by "lab-on-the-chip" technology.
Anti‐ganglioside antibodies in Guillain–Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in Chinese patients (2016)

These results suggest that IgG anti-GM1 antibodies are associated with AMAN, but not with AIDP, and that IgM antibodies against GM1, GM2, and GM3 are associated with facial nerve palsy. Muscle Nerve 55: 470-475, 2017.
Stereology, or the quantitative evaluation of microstructures (1969)

SUMMARY A general survey is presented of the basic equations of stereology, that is, the quantitative relationships that exist between quantities measured on the two‐dimensional plane of polish or section and the magnitudes of microstructural features that occur in three‐dimensional space. A new and important branch of stereology concerns the quantitative relationships between structures in a thin foil and their projected images. Basic equations are given in the absence of overlap and truncation; then overlap and truncation corrections are indicated for simple cases. The methods of determining the size distribution of particles or grains are outlined. Finally, other important parameters are described, such as the mean free distance and the mean intercept length. The subject of stereology is not completely new to some, but there are still many experiments to be run and methods to be perfected. It is hoped that microscopists dealing with microstructures will be encouraged to apply quantitative methods in their work in order to advance our knowledge in this fascinating field.
Adaptation to sulfonamide resistance in Neisseria meningitidis may have required compensatory changes to retain enzyme function: kinetic analysis of dihydropteroate synthases from N. meningitidis expressed in a knockout mutant of Escherichia coli (1997)

Previously, the effects of three point mutations (at amino acid positions 31, 84, and 194) in the gene coding for a sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthase of Neisseria meningitidis were analyzed by site-directed mutagenesis. Changes at positions 31 and 194 abolished the phenotypic expression of sulfonamide resistance, while a change at position 84 appeared to be neutral. These studies are here extended to correlate the alterations in phenotype with effects on enzyme kinetics by expressing the cloned meningococcal genes in an Escherichia coli strain that had its dhps gene partially deleted and replaced by a resistance determinant. The most dramatic effects were produced by mutations at position 31. A change from the Leu found in the resistant isolate to a Phe (the residue found in sensitive isolates) led to a 10-fold decrease in the Km and a concomitant drop in the Ki. Changes at position 194 also affected both the Km and Ki but not to the same extent as mutations at position 31. Changing position 84 altered the Km only slightly but significantly. This latter change was interpreted as a compensatory change modulating the function of the enzyme. In another type of resistance gene, 2 amino acid residues, proposed to be an insertion, were deleted, resulting in a sensitive enzyme. However, the resulting Km was raised 10-fold, suggesting that compensatory changes have accumulated in this type of resistance determinant as well. This resistance gene differs by as much as 10% from the sensitive isolates, which makes identification of important mutations difficult.
Evaluation of diets contaminated with aflatoxin and ochratoxin fed to growing pigs. (1989)

The effects of dietary aflatoxin and ochratoxin, fed singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Five barrows (7 weeks old at beginning of study) per group were fed either control feed, 2.0 mg of aflatoxin (AF)/kg of feed, 2.0 mg of ochratoxin (OA/kg of feed, or 2.0 mg of AF and 2.0 mg of OA/kg of feed for 28 days. Production performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, and pathologic evaluations were made. Body weights were reduced by the combination treatment, whereas body weight gain was decreased by all toxin treatments. The effect of AF and OA in combination on body weight gain was additive. Liver weights were increased by the combination treatment, whereas kidney weights were increased only in the OA group. Aflatoxin caused decreases in serum calcium, sodium, phosphorus, urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and glucose concentrations, whereas OA alone caused decreases in serum phosphorus, cholesterol, and hematologic values. The AF-OA treatment induced decreases in mean corpuscular volume, packed cell volume, and in serum concentrations of phosphorus, cholesterol, and urea nitrogen. The AF-OA treatment increased serum alkaline phosphatase activities and triglycerides. It was concluded that AF and OA, singly or in combination, can affect clinical performance, serum biochemical and hematologic values, and organ weights of barrows. Although values of some measurements were affected more by the combination than by either toxin alone and suggested synergism or antagonism, the toxic interactions could best be described as additive.