gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hot-Electron Injection in Au Nanorod–ZnO Nanowire Hybrid Device for Near-Infrared Photodetection (2014)

In this Letter, we present a new class of near-infrared photodetectors comprising Au nanorods-ZnO nanowire hybrid systems. Fabricated hybrid FET devices showed a large photoresponse under radiation wavelengths between 650 and 850 nm, accompanied by an "ultrafast" transient with a time scale of 250 ms, more than 1 order of magnitude faster than the ZnO response under radiation above band gap. The generated photocurrent is ascribed to plasmonic-mediated generation of hot electrons at the metal-semiconductor Schottky barrier. In the presented architecture, Au-nanorod-localized surface plasmons were used as active elements for generating and injecting hot electrons into the wide band gap ZnO nanowire, functioning as a passive component for charge collection. A detailed investigation of the hot electron generation and injection processes is discussed to explain the improved and extended performance of the hybrid device. The quantum efficiency measured at 650 nm was calculated to be approximately 3%, more than 30 times larger than values reported for equivalent metal/semiconductor planar photodetectors. The presented work is extremely promising for further development of novel miniaturized, tunable photodetectors and for highly efficient plasmonic energy conversion devices.
Stable isotope inventory requirements and enrichment capabilities (1985)

The electromagnetic isotope enrichment program established in 1945 has since then continued to provide enriched stable, actinide, and selected radioactive isotopes. These unique materials used in research and medicine and for industrial applications are made available throughout the world by direct sales and/or on a loan basis. In recent years, the primary effort of the program has been directed toward providing enriched stable isotopes necessary to replenish the sales inventory. This document presents a summary of the stable isotope sales requirements and the capabilities of the electromagnetic isotope separators for providing the quantity and quality of enriched products to meet those needs. Special enrichment and actinide separations or Research Materials Collection (loan program) needs are not addressed.
Purification and Characterization of Amino Acid Racemase with Very Broad Substrate Specificity from<i>Aeromonas caviae</i> (1987)

A bacterium which grows in a medium containing d-serine as a sole nitrogen source has been isolated from soil and identified as Aeromonas caviae. The bacterium had a high enzyme activity catalyzing racemization of various amino acids. The enzyme, purified to homogeneity by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation, has a molecular weight of about 76,000, and is composed of two subunits identical in molecular weight (40,000). The results of enantiomeric analysis of the reaction product and kinetic examination of the reaction indicate that the enzyme catalyzes the complete racemization of substrates. The enzyme has absorption maxima at 280 and 420 nm, and contains 2 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate per mol of enzyme. The holoenzyme is resolved to the apoenzyme by treatment with hydroxylamine, and reconstituted by the addition of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate. The very broad substrate specificity of the A. caviae amino acid racemase is comparable to that of the Pseudomonas striata enzyme. However, they share no common antigenic determinants.
Optical Switch Study. (1975)

Nineteen techniques for implementing an optical communications switch in an integrated optical circuit have been examined. The optical matrix switch is intended to interconnect n optical inputs with n optical outputs at a 10 GHz bandwidth. The most promising optical switching approaches were found to be electrically-controlled, optical directional-couplers and electro-optic, Bragg, diffraction-gratings. Both are realizable in optical microcircuit form. An optical balanced bridge is the optimum form of the coupler switch. The switchable couplers can be built from optical channel waveguides that have 2D mode confinement, while the gratings would be embodied in a slab guide with 1D confinement. The latter arrangement is more vulnerable to optical crosstalk in a matrix. Electro-optic phase perturbation in the deflectors and couplers is preferred for its simplicity, low driving power, and nanosecond switching speeds. An n squared matrix array of switches has been designed with 2n absorbing terminations at the unused ports.
Benefits and guidelines for utilizing blockchain technology in pharmaceutical supply chains: case Bayer Pharmaceuticals (2016)

In this thesis, I explore how blockchain technology can improve pharmaceutical supply chain operations and discuss how the technology should be implemented. Furthermore, I study how the life science company Bayer's pharmaceutical division can utilize blockchain technology in its supply chain operations. I begin by defining the concepts of blockchain technology, smart contracts and pharmaceutical supply chain. Then I discuss the benefits and implementation in different sections: participating entities and information flow, contracts and payments, logistics, transparency and product security and blockchain infrastructure and governance. Both Bayer and the industry as a whole can benefit from blockchain technology. Blockchain enables for example efficient, safe and private transactions, product transparency and security and open information sharing without exposing trade secrets. For the first time a platform for all stakeholders can be developed that enables transacting information and value simultaneously.
Trust management in wireless sensor networks (2010)

Abstract The range of applications of wireless sensor networks is so wide that it tends to invade our every day life. In the future, a sensor network will survey our health, our home, the roads we follow, the office or the industry we work in or even the aircrafts we use, in an attempt to enhance our safety. However, the wireless sensor networks themselves are prone to security attacks. The list of security attacks, although already very long, continues to augment impeding the expansion of these networks. The trust management schemes consist of a powerful tool for the detection of unexpected node behaviours (either faulty or malicious). Once misbehaving nodes are detected, their neighbours can use this information to avoid cooperating with them, either for data forwarding, data aggregation or any other cooperative function. A variety of trust models which follow different directions regarding the distribution of measurement functionality, the monitored behaviours and the way measurements are used to calculate/define the node's trustworthiness has been presented in the literature. In this paper, we survey trust models in an attempt to explore the interplay among the implementation requirements, the resource consumption and the achieved security. Our goal is to draw guidelines for the design of deployable trust model designs with respect to the available node and network capabilities and application peculiarities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Timing is essential for rapid effects of corticosterone on synaptic potentiation in the mouse hippocampus (2006)

Stress facilitates memory formation, but only when the stressor is closely linked to the learning context. These effects are, at least in part, mediated by corticosteroid hormones. Here we demonstrate that corticosterone rapidly facilitates synaptic potentiation in the mouse hippocampal CA1 area when high levels of the hormone and high-frequency stimulation coincide in time, but not when corticosterone is given either before or after repetitive stimulation. This effect could not be blocked by antagonists of the mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor (spironolactone and RU 38486, respectively). These data provide a biological substrate for the important behavioral observation that stress and corticosteroid hormones can facilitate learning and memory processes.
Varicella-Zoster Virus Proteins in Skin Lesions: Implications for a Novel Role of ORF29p in Chickenpox (2000)

Skin biopsy samples from varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-infected patients examined by immunohistochemistry demonstrated VZV replication in nonepithelial cell types. ORF29p, a nonstructural nuclear protein, was found in nerves of two of six patients with chickenpox. In tissue culture, ORF29p was secreted by VZV-infected fibroblasts. Extracellular ORF29p can be taken up through endocytosis by human neurons, implying a novel role for this protein in pathogenesis.
Cicada-inspired cell-instructive nanopatterned arrays (2014)

Biocompatible surfaces hold key to a variety of biomedical problems that are directly related to the competition between host-tissue cell integration and bacterial colonisation. A saving solution to this is seen in the ability of cells to uniquely respond to physical cues on such surfaces thus prompting the search for cell-instructive nanoscale patterns. Here we introduce a generic rationale engineered into biocompatible, titanium, substrates to differentiate cell responses. The rationale is inspired by cicada wing surfaces that display bactericidal nanopillar patterns. The surfaces engineered in this study are titania (TiO2) nanowire arrays that are selectively bactericidal against motile bacteria, while capable of guiding mammalian cell proliferation according to the type of the array. The concept holds promise for clinically relevant materials capable of differential physico-mechanical responses to cellular adhesion.
Making the Best out of Spectral Efficiency; Studies on The Introduction of Open-Spectrum Policy (2008)

Open spectrum policy mostly deals with the shared-use of spectrum resources which again utilizes the orthogonality in different spectral domains - geography, space, power, frequency and time. Among these, temporal share of the spectrum, known as CR or cognitive radio technology, allows secondary licensees to opportunistically access the spectrum during the absence of the first. This paper provides the analysis on the performance of CR implementations in IEEE 802.22 WRAN system, in terms of the spectrum utilization rate, along with simulation results. Also discussed are the regulatory issues in introducing open spectrum policies into the market, centered on the reuse of spectrum resources.
Structure and dielectric properties of amorphous high-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>κ</mml:mi></mml:math>oxides: HfO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>, ZrO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>, and their alloys (2012)

High-$\ensuremath{\kappa}$ metal oxides are a class of materials playing an increasingly important role in modern device physics and technology. Here we report theoretical investigations of the properties of structural and lattice dielectric constants of bulk amorphous metal oxides by a combined approach of classical molecular dynamics (MD), for structure evolution, and quantum mechanical first-principles density function theory (DFT), for electronic structure analysis. Using classical MD based on the Born-Mayer-Buckingham potential function within a melt and quench scheme, amorphous structures of high-$\ensuremath{\kappa}$ metal oxides Hf${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Zr${}_{x}$O${}_{2}$ with different values of the concentration $x$ are generated. The coordination numbers and the radial distribution functions of the structures are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data. We then calculate the lattice dielectric constants of the materials from quantum mechanical first principles, and the values averaged over an ensemble of samples agree well with the available experimental data and are very close to the dielectric constants of their cubic form.
Influence of Ar sputtering pressure on the adhesion of TiC films to steel substrates (1975)

The adhesion of sputtered TiC films to steel substrates has been found to increase as the Ar deposition pressure is decreased. The films were deposited by rf sputtering with a large initial dc bias on the substrates. The pressures investigated were 35, 25, and 15 mTorr and the films ranged in thickness from 0.3 to 3.2 μm. A modified scratch test was used to measure adhesion. The increase in film adhesion is suggested to result from increased mixing within the film/substrate interfacial region. Auger spectroscopy was used to obtain elemental concentration vs sample depth profiles through the interface.
Protein structure by solid-state NMR (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleProtein structure by solid-state NMRT. A. Cross and S. J. OpellaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 2, 306–308Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00340a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00340a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views271Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modified Lung Ultrasound Score for Assessing and Monitoring Pulmonary Aeration (2017)

<b>Purpose</b> Lung Ultrasound Score (LUSS) is a useful tool for lung aeration assessment but presents two theoretical limitations. First, standard LUSS is based on longitudinal scan and detection of number/coalescence of B lines. In the longitudinal scan pleura visualization is limited by intercostal space width. Moreover, coalescence of B lines to define severe loss of aeration is not suitable for non-homogeneous lung pathologies where focal coalescence is possible. We therefore compared longitudinal vs. transversal scan and also cLUSS (standard coalescence-based LUSS) vs. qLUSS (quantitative LUSS based on % of involved pleura). <b>Materials and methods</b> 38 ICU patients were examined in 12 thoracic areas in longitudinal and transversal scan. B lines (number, coalescence), subpleural consolidations (SP), pleural length and pleural involvement (> or ≤ 50 %) were assessed. cLUSS and qLUSS were computed in longitudinal and transversal scan. <b>Results</b> Transversal scan visualized wider (3.9 [IQR 3.8 - 3.9] vs 2.0 [1.6 - 2.5] cm, p < 0.0001) and more constant (variance 0.02 vs 0.34 cm, p < 0.0001) pleural length, more B lines (70 vs 59 % of scans, p < 0.0001), coalescence (39 vs 28 %, p < 0.0001) and SP (22 vs 14 %, p < 0.0001) compared to longitudinal scan. Pleural involvement > 50 % was observed in 17 % and coalescence in 33 % of cases. Focal coalescence accounted for 52 % of cases of coalescence. qLUSS-transv generated a different distribution of aeration scores compared to cLUSS-long (p < 0.0001). <b>Conclusion</b> In unselected ICU patients, variability of pleural length in longitudinal scans is high and focal coalescence is frequent. Transversal scan and quantification of pleural involvement are simple measures to overcome these limitations of LUSS.
Vitamin D <sub>3</sub> and Calcipotriol Enhance the Secretion of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and -β2 in Cultured Murine Keratinocytes (1993)

Vitamin D3 and its analogue calcipotriol (MC 903) inhibit the proliferation of cultured keratinocytes and induce their differentiation. Since TGF beta s are very potent inhibitors of keratinocyte growth we studied the effects of vitamin D3 and calcipotriol on the secretion of TGF beta in cultured murine keratinocytes. Vitamin D3 and calcipotriol (10(-6)-10(-9) M) inhibited the DNA-synthesis of mouse keratinocytes by 50-80% in a time and dose-dependent manner as measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Analysis of the conditioned medium of the keratinocytes indicated that the cells secreted into their medium activity that inhibited the growth of indicator Mv1Lu mink lung epithelial cells. Neutralizing antibodies against TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 decreased, and when used together, prevented the observed growth inhibition of the indicator cells. Heat treatment of the conditioned medium, which activates latent forms of TGF beta, revealed higher levels of growth inhibitory activity in the medium from vitamin D3 and calcipotriol treated than from control cultures indicating that a fraction of TGF beta was in a latent form. Active TGF beta was, however, detected considerably more in vitamin D3 and calcipotriol treated cultures than in control cultures. Immunoblotting analysis of the medium revealed enhanced secretion of TGF beta protein. These results indicate that enhanced TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 secretion and activity is associated with vitamin D3-mediated growth inhibition of cultured keratinocytes.
GNN3DMOT: Graph Neural Network for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Multi-Feature Learning (2020)

3D Multi-object tracking (MOT) is crucial to autonomous systems. Recent work uses a standard tracking-by-detection pipeline, where feature extraction is first performed independently for each object in order to compute an affinity matrix. Then the affinity matrix is passed to the Hungarian algorithm for data association. A key process of this standard pipeline is to learn discriminative features for different objects in order to reduce confusion during data association. In this work, we propose two techniques to improve the discriminative feature learning for MOT: (1) instead of obtaining features for each object independently, we propose a novel feature interaction mechanism by introducing the Graph Neural Network. As a result, the feature of one object is informed of the features of other objects so that the object feature can lean towards the object with similar feature (i.e., object probably with a same ID) and deviate from objects with dissimilar features (i.e., object probably with different IDs), leading to a more discriminative feature for each object; (2) instead of obtaining the feature from either 2D or 3D space in prior work, we propose a novel joint feature extractor to learn appearance and motion features from 2D and 3D space simultaneously. As features from different modalities often have complementary information, the joint feature can be more discriminate than feature from each individual modality. To ensure that the joint feature extractor does not heavily rely on one modality, we also propose an ensemble training paradigm. Through extensive evaluation, our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on KITTI and nuScenes 3D MOT benchmarks. Our code will be made available at https://github.com/xinshuoweng/GNN3DMOT
Compiler testing using a sentence generator (1980)

Abstract A system for assisting in the testing phase of compilers is described. The definition of the language to be compiled drives an automatic sentence generator. The language is described by an extended BNF grammar which can be augmented by actions to ensure contextual congruence, e.g. between definition and use of identifiers. For deep control of the structure of the produced sample the grammar can be described by step‐wise refinements: the generator is iteratively applied to each level of refinement, producing at last compilable, complete programs. The implementation is described and some experimental results are reported concerning PLZ, MINIPL and some other languages.
The Measurement of Cell Turnover Rates Using Stable Isotope‐Labelled Thymidine: Experiments On the Small Intestine and On A Transplantable Lymphatic Tumour of the Mouse (1978)

Multilabelled, non-radioactive thymidine and tritiated thymidine were incorporated simultaneously into the DNA of a rapidly-growing, transplantable mouse lymphoma and the DNA of mouse small intestine by a single intraperitoneal injection of both labelled nucleosides. Mice were killed at selected times during the next 7 days, and the specific activities of the tissues and extracted DNA and the 132/126 mass ratio of thymine isolated from the DNA were determined by scintillation counting and by field ionization mass spectrometry respectively. The rates of decrease of the concentrations of tritiated and stable isotope-labelled thymine in the DNA of the tumour or of the intestine were essentially identical. These results indicate the feasibility of using thymidine multilabelled with stable isotopes for measurement of cell turnover rates in conjunction with cancer therapy.
Rock and Roll—It's Here to Stay: Sizing Loose Rock Riprap to Protect Stream Banks (2012)

Stability of loose rock riprap used to protect stream banks from erosive forces due to flowing water is evaluated based on the ratio of static moments resisting overturning and those promoting overturning of a single rock particle. The ratio of moments defines a safety factor that describes the potential for riprap failure. The buoyant force acting on a particle is treated separately from the gravitational force, and is further split into components that resist and promote overturning. This approach provides consistency in reasoning throughout the formulation, which results in a particle safety factor that tends to unity as rock specific gravity approaches one. The safety factor formulation is tested using 38 onsite measurements of riprap-lined stream channels that have experienced floods approaching or exceeding the flow rates used to design the protective covers. Based on skill score assessments, the approach is shown to be a significantly more reliable riprap damage predictor than two other commonly used methods.
Effect of Emulsan on Biodegradation of Crude Oil by Pure and Mixed Bacterial Cultures (1989)

Crude oil was treated with purified emulsan, the heteropolysaccharide bioemulsifier produced by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1. A mixed bacterial population as well as nine different pure cultures isolated from various sources was tested for biodegradation of emulsan-treated and untreated crude oil. Biodegradation was measured both quantitatively and qualitatively. Recovery of CO(2) from mineralized C-labeled substrates yielded quantitative data on degradation of specific compounds, and capillary gas chromatography of residual unlabeled oil yielded qualitative data on a broad spectrum of crude oil components. Biodegradation of linear alkanes and other saturated hydrocarbons, both by pure cultures and by the mixed population, was reduced some 50 to 90% after emulsan pretreatment. In addition, degradation of aromatic compounds by the mixed population was reduced some 90% in emulsan-treated oil. In sharp contrast, aromatic biodegradation by pure cultures was either unaffected or slightly stimulated by emulsification of the oil.