gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed System for Botnet Traffic Analysis and Anomaly Detection (2017)

As the ICT technologies evolve and new stacks are being proposed and created, the complexity of cyber security has dramatically increased, making the traditional signature-based approach ineffective. Many of nowadays existing solutions have never been deeply tested from the security point of view and thus being a target of cyber criminals. On the other hand, the Big Data technologies give the network administrators wide spectrum of tools to combat cyber threats. This paper presents one of such a systems for network traffic analysis and anomalies detection. The core of the system bases on the Big Data processing framework, data mining and machine learning techniques. So far, the proposed system implements two pattern extraction strategies leveraging batch processing methods. The presented experiments are focused on the problem of the botnet detection by means of data in form of NetFlows. The results analysis focus on performance evaluation of the proposed algorithms. In particular, different setups are considered in order to evaluate such aspects as detection effectiveness. The obtained results are promising and show that the proposed system can be considered as a useful tool for the network administrator.
A novel concentration-gradient Li[Ni0.83Co0.07Mn0.10]O2 cathode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (2011)

A novel concentration-gradient Li[Ni0.83Co0.07Mn0.10]O2 cathode material was successfully synthesized viaco-precipitation, in which the core Li[Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05]O2 was encapsulated completely with a stable concentration-gradient layer having reduced Ni content. The electrochemical and thermal properties of the concentration-gradient Li[Ni0.83Co0.07Mn0.10]O2 were studied and compared to those of the core Li[Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05]O2 material alone. The concentration-gradient material had a superior lithium intercalation stability and thermal stability compared to the core material. The high capacity was delivered from the Ni-rich core Li[Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05]O2, and the improved thermal stability was achieved by the Ni-depleted concentration-gradient layer with outer surface composition of Li[Ni0.68Co0.12Mn0.20]O2. The concentration-gradient materials open a new era for the development of advanced Li-ion batteries with high energy density, long cycle life, and improved safety.
Surfactant Protein A in Exhaled Endogenous Particles Is Decreased in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients: A Pilot Study (2015)

Decreased levels of SP-A may lead to impaired host defense functions of surfactant in the airways, contributing to increased susceptibility to COPD exacerbations. SP-A in exhaled particles from small airways may represent a promising non-invasive biomarker of disease in COPD patients.
Ferrocene conjugates of dUTP for enzymatic redox labelling of DNA (2002)

Two ferrocene-labelled analogues of dTTP, 5-(3-ferrocenecarboxamidopropenyl-1) 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate (Fc1-dUTP) and 5-(3-ferroceneacet-amidopropenyl-1) 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate (Fc2-dUTP) have been produced to demonstrate the incorporation of redox labels into DNA by polymerases. Cyclic voltammetry indicates that the ferrocenyl moieties display reversible redox behaviour in aqueous buffer with E(1/2) values of 398 (Fc1-dUTP) and 260 mV (Fc2-dUTP) versus Ag/AgCl. Primer extension by the proofreading enzymes Klenow fragment and T4 DNA polymerase shows that Fc1-dUTP is efficiently incorporated into DNA during synthesis, including incorporation of two successive modified nucleotides. Production of a 998 bp amplicon by Tth DNA polymerase demonstrates that Fc1-dUTP is also a satisfactory substrate for PCR. Despite its structural similarity, Fc2-dUTP acts predominantly as a terminator with the polymerases employed here. UV melting analysis of a 37mer duplex containing five Fc1-dU residues reveals that the labelled nucleotide introduces only a modest helix destabilisation, with T(m) = 71 versus 75 degrees C for the corresponding natural construct. Modified DNA is detected at femtomole levels using a HPLC system with a coulometric detector. The availability of simple and effective enzymatic labelling strategies should promote the further development of electrochemical detection in nucleic acid analysis.
Design of Explosion Blast Containment Vessels for Explosive Ordnance Disposal Units (1975)

Abstract : This report describes an experimental and analytical investigation of the design and performance of spherical vessels for containment of explosive blast for application by explosive-ordnance disposal teams. During this program a total of eight spherical steel containment vessels were fabricated. The diameters and wall thicknesses investigated were 2.0 ft with 0.5-in. walls, 3.0 ft with 0.75-in. walls, and 4.5 ft with 1.0-in. walls. The vessel ports were approximately one radius in diameter and completely closed by flat steel doors overlaying the ports from the inside. During the course of this program a computer code was developed which calculated the maximum elastic-plastic response and residual plastic strain of spherical, thin-walled vessels in response to an internal, triangular shock wave followed by a static internal pressure. The code in its present form uses measured shock-wave parameters from Pentolite and static pressures which may be calculated for a number of explosives.
Does protein binding modulate the effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists? (2001)

Introduction Angiotensin II AT 1-receptor antagonists are highly bound to plasma proteins (≥ 99%). With some antagonists, such as DuP-532, the protein binding was such that no efficacy of the drug could be demonstrated clinically. Whether protein binding interferes with the efficacy of other antagonists is not known. We have therefore investigated in vitro how plasma proteins may affect the antagonistic effect of different AT1-receptor antagonists. Methods A radio-receptor binding assay was used to analyse the interaction between proteins and the ability of various angiotensin II (Ang II) antagonists to block AT1-receptors. In addition, the Biacore technology, a new technique which enables the real-time monitoring of binding events between two molecules, was used to evaluate the dissociation rate constants of five AT1-receptor antagonists from human serum albumin. Results The in vitro AT 1-antagonistic effects of different Ang II receptor antagonists were differentially affected by the presence of human plasma, with rightward shifts of the IC50 ranging from one to several orders of magnitude. The importance of the shift correlates with the dissociation rate constants of these drugs from albumin. Our experiments also show that the way that AT1-receptor antagonists bind to proteins differs from one compound to another. These results suggest that the interaction with plasma proteins appears to modulate the efficacy of some Ang II antagonists. Conclusion Although the high binding level of Ang II receptor antagonist to plasma proteins appears to be a feature common to this class of compounds, the kinetics and characteristics of this binding is of great importance. With some antagonists, protein binding interferes markedly with their efficacy to block AT1-receptors.
Preparation of High Density Polyethylene Hollow Fiber Membranes by Thermally Induced Separation Method. (1998)

高密度ポリエチレン (HDPE) 中空糸分離膜の微細孔サイズを制御するための熱誘導相分離法について検討した. HDPEと溶媒として用いた流動パラフィン (LP) を種々の混合比で溶融混合し, これらの平衡溶融温度, 結晶化温度などを調べるとともにFlory-Huggins相互作用パラメーターを混合系の組成比の関数として調べた. 多孔質中空糸膜は混合系を溶融紡糸した後, 溶媒 (LP) を抽出し, 延伸することにより調製した. これらの中空糸膜としての性能は水の透過実験により評価した. Hoffman-Weekプロットから相互作用パラメーターまたは相溶性パラメーターとして0.36なる値が得られた. また中空糸膜内部のモルホロジー観察から微細孔のサイズは溶融紡糸条件, 延伸比, および混合系の相溶状態を選択することにより制御が可能であることがわかった.
Doppler Encoded Excitation Patterning (DEEP) Microscopy (2010)

Traditional optical imaging systems rely on lenses and spatially-resolved detection to probe distinct locations on the object. We develop a novel computational approach to 2D and 3D imaging that instead measures the object's spatial Fourier transform using a single-element detector and without requiring precision optics. This wide-field technique can be used to image biological and synthetic structures in fluoresced or scattered light using coherent or broadband illumination. It employs dynamic structured illumination, acousto-optics, RF electronics, and tomographic algorithms to circumvent several trade-offs in conventional imaging, such as the dependence of the optical transfer function on the imaging lenses and the coupling of resolution and depth of field.\nWe use Fourier optics concepts to derive the dynamic optical transfer function, evaluate different Fourier sampling strategies, and investigate and compare tomographic algorithms for 2D and 3D image synthesis. We also develop conceptual and analytical models to describe imaging of fluorescent as well as amplitude and phase scattering objects, the effects of broadband and spatially-incoherent illumination, and nonlinear wide-field super-resolution imaging. We consider sources of noise, analyze and simulate SNR behavior for several types of noise and Fourier sampling strategies, and compare the sensitivity of the technique to conventional imaging. We describe several experimental proof-of-concept systems and present two-dimensional high-resolution tomographic image reconstructions in both scattered and fluoresced light demonstrating a thousandfold improvement in the depth of field compared to conventional lens-based microscopy. Finally, we explore approaches for high-speed Fourier sampling and propose several related sensing techniques, including wide-field fluorescence imaging in scattering media.
Fabrication of Oriented Silver-Functionalized RPM3 Films for the Selective Detection of Olefins (2013)

Oriented thin films of a flexible, luminescent, metal organic framework (MOF), [Zn2(bpdc)2(bpee)·2DMF] (bpdc = 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylate; bpee = 1,2-bipyridylethylene), also known as RPM3, were prepared on glass via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) followed by a solvothermal treatment. RPM3 thin films were then functionalized with AgNO3 by forming a π complex with the bpee linker. The reversible binding of olefins such as propylene and 1-hexene to the Ag(+) functionalized RPM3 thin film was monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy. Adsorption of the olefins resulted in a fluorescence enhancement, while the corresponding paraffins either did not change or partially quenched the fluorescence. The RPM3 thin films hold promise as olefin sensors or adsorbents for olefin/paraffin separations.
Compiler Optimization for Extreme-Scale Scripting (2014)

The data-driven task parallelism execution model can support parallel programming models that are well suited for large-scale distributed-memory parallel computing, for example, simulations and analysis pipelines running on clusters and clouds. We describe a novel compiler intermediate representation and optimizations for this execution model, including adaptions of standard techniques alongside novel techniques. These techniques are applied to Swift/T, a high-level scripting language for flexible data flow composition of functions, which may be serial or use lower-level parallel programming models such as MPI and OpenMP. This paper presents preliminary results, indicating that our compiler optimizations reduce communication overhead by 70% to 93% on distributed-memory systems.
Cyclocondensation of α-Oxoketene<i>N,S</i>-Acetals with β-Lithioamino-β-Substituted Acrylonitriles: A Facile Route to 2,6-Substituted 4-Amino-3-cyanopyridines (1991)

A novel synthesis of a variety of 2,6-substituted and 3-cyano-4-dialkylamino-2,6-diheteroarylpyridines (4-dialkylamino≡pyrrolidin-1-yl, piperidino, morpholino, diethylamino and N-methylanilino; 6-heteroaryl≡phenyl, anisyl, 2-thienyl; 2-heteroaryl≡methyl, phenyl, 2-furyl and 2-thienyl) has been developed by the reaction of α-oxoketene N,S-acetals 1 with β-substituted β-lithioaminoacrylonitriles 2, generated in situ by either self condensation of lithioacetonitrile or by its reaction with substituted acetonitriles.
Crystal structures of d-psicose 3-epimerase from Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 and its complex with ketohexose sugars (2012)

D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase) is demonstrated to be useful in the bioproduction of D-psicose, a rare hexose sugar, from D-fructose, found plenty in nature. Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 has recently been identified as a DPEase that can epimerize D-fructose to yield D-psicose with a much higher conversion rate when compared with the conventionally used DTEase. In this study, the crystal structure of the C. cellulolyticum DPEase was determined. The enzyme assembles into a tetramer and each subunit shows a (β/α)(8) TIM barrel fold with a Mn(2+) metal ion in the active site. Additional crystal structures of the enzyme in complex with substrates/products (D-psicose, D-fructose, D-tagatose and D-sorbose) were also determined. From the complex structures of C. cellulolyticum DPEase with D-psicose and D-fructose, the enzyme has much more interactions with D-psicose than D-fructose by forming more hydrogen bonds between the substrate and the active site residues. Accordingly, based on these ketohexose-bound complex structures, a C3-O3 proton-exchange mechanism for the conversion between D-psicose and D-fructose is proposed here. These results provide a clear idea for the deprotonation/protonation roles of E150 and E244 in catalysis.
Isolation, Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of the Acidic Fractions of Mastic, Kurdica, Mutica and Cabolica Gums from Genus Pistacia (2011)

The chemical entities of Mastic, Kurdica, Mutica and Cabolica gums from genus Pistacia have been isolated and characterised by GC-Mass Spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Column Chromatography. These chemical entities were screened for anti-microbial activities against nine strains of Helicobacter pylori and some other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The most bioactive components were structurally analysed. These components mimic steroid compounds, in particular, the known antibiotic Fusidic acid. Some of these chemical entities have produced promising data that could lead to the development of a novel class of antimicrobial agents that may have application in the treatment of infectious disease. Kill kinetics have been also performed, and the produced data were evaluated by Generalized Multiplicative Analysis Of Variance (GEMANOVA) for the bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities which can be clinically significant. The isolated components were all bactericidal.
Computer-Assisted Diagnosis of Abdominal Pain using "Estimates" Provided by Clinicians (1972)

This paper reports a comparison between two modes of computer-aided diagnosis in a real-time prospective trial involving 472 patients with acute abdominal pain. In the first mode the computer-aided system analysed each of the 472 patients by referring to data previously collated from a large series of 600 real-life patients. In the second mode the system used as a basis for its analysis "estimates" of probability provided by a group of six clinicians. The accuracy and reliability of both modes were compared with the performance of unaided clinicians.Using "real-life" data the computer system was significantly more effective than the unaided clinician. By contrast, when using the clinicians' own estimates the computer-aided system was often less effective than the unaided clinician-especially when diagnosing less common disorders. It seems, firstly, that future systems for computer-aided diagnosis should employ data from real-life and not clinicians' estimates, and, secondly, that clinicians themselves cannot analyse cases in a probabilistic fashion, since often they have little idea of what the "true" probabilities are.
Validation of neural networks in automotive engine calibration (1997)

This paper compares and contrasts different types of neural network error bars in the context of a real world safety critical problem, specifically the problem is one of the calibration of engine management systems for air to fuel ratio and ignition timing tables. Three types of error bars are considered and developed for radial basis function networks and Gaussian processes. The different assumptions inherent in the error bars are discussed in the context of a synthetic problem, and then applied to off-line and on-line engine data.
Experimental study on improving stability of PCM and MEPCM slurry with different surfactants (2018)

Phase change materials (PCMs) are widely used in energy storage and energy transportation system as chill medium because of its large apparent heat and latent heat during phase change process. The studies on stability of PCM slurry and microencapsulation phase change materials (MEPCMs) slurry with different surfactants have been carried out in the experiments. The turbidity of the slurry was tested in order to analyze the stability of the slurry. The different surfactants polyethylene glycol400 and sodium alginate were selected to mix with PCMs' slurry. The results show that the surfactants have positive improvement effect on MEPCM slurry and negative improvement effect on PCM slurry.
Caspase-dependent activation of cyclin-dependent kinases during Fas-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells (1998)

The activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) has been implicated in apoptosis induced by various stimuli. We find that the Fas-induced activation of cdc2 and cdk2 in Jurkat cells is not dependent on protein synthesis, which is shut down very early during apoptosis before caspase-3 activation. Instead, activation of these kinases seems to result from both a rapid cleavage of Wee1 (an inhibitory kinase of cdc2 and cdk2) and inactivation of anaphase-promoting complex (the specific system for cyclin degradation), in which CDC27 homolog is cleaved during apoptosis. Both Wee1 and CDC27 are shown to be substrates of the caspase-3-like protease. Although cdk activities are elevated during Fas-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells, general activation of the mitotic processes does not occur. Our results do not support the idea that apoptosis is simply an aberrant mitosis but, instead, suggest that a subset of mitotic mechanisms plays an important role in apoptosis through elevated cdk activities.
Improving Cyber Resiliency of Cloud Application Services by Applying Software Behavior Encryption (SBE) (2014)

The objective of this work is to define and measure cyber resiliency of the “cloud” in a Moving Target Defense (MTD) environment that applies the Software Behavior Encryption (SBE) method. Implementation of SBE has shown to increase vulnerability tolerance in a particular software system by introducing software diversity and redundant version shuffling to obfuscate the system to attackers. With this in mind, this paper nominates attack surface, confidentiality, integrity, availability, and survivability as the critical components of cyber resiliency, and a notional example is provided to demonstrate the components application and aggregation.
Sin recombinase from<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: synaptic complex architecture and transposon targeting (2002)

The Sin recombinase from Staphylococcus aureus builds a distinctive DNA-protein synaptic complex to regulate strand exchange. Sin binds at two sites within an 86 basepair (bp) recombination site, resH. We propose that inverted motifs at the crossover site, and tandem motifs at the regulatory site, are recognized by structurally disparate Sin dimers. An essential architectural protein, Hbsu, binds at a discrete central site in resH. Positions of Hbsu-induced DNA deformation coincide with natural targets for Tn552 integration. Remarkably, Sin has the same topological selectivity as Tn3 and gammadelta resolvases. Our model for the recombination synapse has at its core an assembly of four Sin dimers; Hbsu plays an architectural role that is taken by two resolvase dimers in models of the Tn3/gammadelta synapse.
Effects of Charge Motion Characteristics on Engine Variables such as Emission Behavior and Efficiency (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Mixture formation in the combustion chamber is of paramount significance for diesel combustion processes. Particularly in inhomogeneous combustion processes with internal mixture formation, the course of combustion and composition of combustion products are heavily influenced by charge motion and material transport during the compression phase and during combustion itself. Charge motion is normally quantified in steady-state flow testing. This model-based test takes place under idealized conditions. This means that with a permanently open valve and constant pressure differential over the inlet port, a steady-state flow of air is established in the simulated cylinder. The influence of piston movement is neglected. The test delivers integral characteristic flow figures, such as swirl number, flow number and tumble number.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">As flow measuring techniques continue to advance, spatially resolved data on the structure of the flow field and additional characteristic figures, such as information on the number and position of swirl centers and symmetry coefficients, are increasing the quantity of variables for assessing charge motion. Promising approaches also exist for measuring in-cylinder flow during transient engine operation. The fundamental relationship between charge motion determined under steady-state conditions and emission behavior and efficiency at the time of combustion is known. However, what is not known is the correlation between the structure of the flow field, as gained from steady-state flow measurement, and combustion.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This article describes the influence of characteristic flow figures on the one hand and the influence of flow field structure on the other. To this end, several cylinder heads with differing inlet port geometries are examined on a single-cylinder engine. The aim is to investigate the influence of individual flow characteristics on the combustion process under identical boundary conditions.</div>
ABCR Gene and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (1998)

Stargardt disease is a recessively inherited degeneration of the macula of the retina arising in youth (usually in teenagers and young adults) that is caused by defects in the ABCR gene ([1][1]). Rando Allikmets et al . investigate ([2][2]) the idea that heterozygote carriers of ABCR mutations might
Enzymes of secondary metabolism (1993)

Shikimate Pathway. Hydrolysable Tannins. Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Lignins. Flavonoid Enzymology. Heterocyclic B-Substituted Alanines. N-Heterocyclic Ring Synthesis. Cyanogenic Glycosides. Glucosinilates. Prenyltransferases and Cyclases. Cytochrome P-450 Terpene Hydroxylases. Carotenoid Biosynthesis. Chlorophyll Syntheses. Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis. Tropane/Nicotine Alkaloid Biosynthesis. Abscisic Acid Metabolism. Gibberelin Synthesis. Ethylene Matabolism. Polyamine Synthesis. Subject Index.
Properties of graphene produced by the high pressure–high temperature growth process (2008)

The authors report on a new method for the synthesis of graphene, a mono-layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honey comb lattice, and the assessment of the properties of obtained graphene layers using micro-Raman characterisation. Graphene was produced by a high pressure–high temperature (HPHT) growth process from the natural graphitic source material by utilising the molten Fe–Ni catalysts for dissolution of carbon. The resulting large-area graphene flakes were transferred to the silicon–silicon oxide substrates for the spectroscopic micro-Raman and scanning electron microscopy inspection. The analysis of the G peak, D, T+D and 2D bands in the Raman spectra under the 488 nm laser excitation indicate that the HPHT technique is capable of producing high-quality large-area single-layer graphene with a low defect density. The disorder-induced D peak ∼1359 cm−1 while very strong in the initial graphitic material is completely absent in the graphene layers. The proposed method may lead to a more reliable graphene synthesis and facilitate its purification and chemical doping.