gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ROLLER MOUNTABLE ASPHALT PAVEMENT QUALITY INDICATOR (1998)

Asphalt density measurements have been traditionally used as an indication of roadway pavement quality. These measurements, however, have not been available in real time to make in-process corrections to the paving operation since the existing techniques require on the order of minutes (nuclear density gauge) to hours (core samples) to produce accurate density measurements. Traditional ground penetrating radar (GPR) techniques could also have limitations due to the changing properties of the hot mix asphalt pavement while it is being compacted. This paper describes a novel approach to measure, for the first time, the density of asphalt in real time using a differential microwave signal approach. Two antennas, one in front of a roller and another behind it, will measure reflected signals from the asphalt; the change in signal characteristic from the front to back of the roller will show to the operator the optimal compaction and density of the pavement. This technique will minimize the need to quantify the hot mix asphalt properties that change during the compaction process. Field studies show that this approach has potential.
Dynamic and adaptive updates of non-quiescent subsystems in commodity operating system kernels (2007)

Continuously running systems require kernel software updates applied to them without downtime. Facilitating fast reboots, or delaying an update may not be a suitable solution in many environments, especially in pay-per-use high-performance computing clusters and mission critical systems. Such systems will not reap the benefits of new kernel features, and will continue to operate with kernel security holes unpatched, at least until the next scheduled maintenance downtime. To address these problems we developed an on-the-fly kernel updating system that enables commodity operating systems to gain adaptive and mutative capabilities without kernel recompilation or reboot. Our system, DynAMOS, employs a novel and efficient dynamic code instrumentation technique termed adaptive function cloning . Execution flow can be switched adaptively among multiple editions of functions, possibly concurrently running. This approach becomes the foundation for dynamic replacement of non-quiescent kernel subsystems when the timeliness of an update depends on synchronization of multiple kernel paths. We illustrate our experience by dynamically updating core subsystems of the Linux kernel.
Genetic Recombination in <i>Micromonospora</i> (1971)

Biochemical mutants were obtained from Micromonospora chalcea, M. purpurea, and M. echinospora by using ultraviolet radiation or nitrosoguanidine. Crosses carried out between complementary nutritional mutants of the same species showed positive genetic interaction. Data are reported which indicate that the interaction between the crossed strains is due to genetic recombination. No evidence for interspecific genetic recombination was found.
The Friedel—Crafts Reaction with Nitro Compounds (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Friedel—Crafts Reaction with Nitro CompoundsHenry Gilman, R. R. Burtner, N. O. Calloway, and J. A. V. Turck Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 5, 907–908Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01308a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01308a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel U2-U6 snRNA structure is necessary for mammalian mRNA splicing. (1995)

Splicing of mRNA precursors requires a complex and dynamic set of RNA-RNA base-pairing interactions in which the U2 and U6 snRNAs play central roles. Using a genetic suppression assay, we refine and extend a U2-U6 snRNA structure that may comprise the catalytic center of the spliceosome. We first show that a critical U2-U6 helix proven in yeast, helix Ia, is also essential for mammalian splicing. Mutations in the adjacent helix Ib, however, cannot be similarly suppressed, and relevant residues in both U2 and U6 are shown to participate in intramolecular, rather than intermolecular, base-pairing. We next demonstrate the requirement for a novel U2-U6 helix, helix III, which involves bases extending 3' from the branch site recognition sequence in U2 and 5' from an evolutionarily invariant sequence in U6 implicated previously in 5' splice site recognition. This configuration suggests that helix III may help juxtapose the pre-mRNA 5' splice site and branch site. We provide evidence for this by demonstrating that a branch site mutation can be suppressed by a mutation in the 5' splice site, provided that compensatory changes are made in the appropriate bases in U2 and U6. Our results provide new insights into how U2 and U6 snRNAs interact with each other and with the pre-mRNA to initiate the first catalytic step in splicing.
THE PAPILIONACEOUS ALKALOIDS: IX. NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF THE ALKALOIDS OF THE &alpha;-ISOSPARTEINE GROUP (1951)

The species of Lupinus under investigation has been found to contain five alkaloids: l-α-isosparteine, d-α-isolupanine, d-thermopsine, l-sparteine and d-lupanine. The first three had not heretofore been reported as occurring in nature. Both d-α-isolupanine and d-thermopsine can be converted by hydrogenation into l-α-isosparteine and are both structurally related to this stereoisomer of sparteine.
Absence of autolytic activity (peptidoglycan nicking) in penicillin-induced nonlytic death in a group A streptococcus (1988)

The extent of sublytic autolysin activity (peptidoglycan [PG] nicking) after exposure of exponentially growing cultures of a group A streptococcus (GAS) to benzylpenicillin (PenG) was studied by determining changes in the glycan chain length of PG polymers. The average PG chain length in isolated cell walls was estimated by calculating the ratio of the total hexosamine content (Morgan-Elson-reactive material) to reducing-end group content established via quantitation of [3H]borohydride reduction products. Comparison of the average PG chain length obtained from untreated control cultures of GAS with those obtained after exposure to a saturating dose of PenG revealed no decrease over a time interval equivalent to four mass doublings of the control cultures. Exposure to this concentration of PenG for a time equivalent to only two mass doublings resulted in approximately 90% loss of viability. In contrast, exposure of the lytic bacterium, Streptococcus faecium ATCC 9790, to a 50% growth inhibitory dose of PenG produced a 20% reduction in the average PG chain length concomitant with only a 65% loss of viability. Preliminary characterization of the autolytic system of GAS indicated that this streptococcus has a hexosaminidase-type autolysin. The results presented indicate the lack of autolytic activity in PenG-induced nonlytic death.
Identification of the DNA-binding domain of the FLP recombinase (1991)

We have subjected the FLP protein of the 2-micron plasmid to partial proteolysis by proteinase K and have found that FLP can be digested into two major proteinase K-resistant peptides of 21 and 13 kDa, respectively. The 21-kDa peptide contains a site-specific DNA-binding domain that binds to the FLP recognition target (FRT) site with an affinity similar to that observed for the native FLP protein. This peptide can induce DNA bending upon binding to a DNA fragment containing the FRT site, but the angle of the bend (approximately 24 degrees) is smaller in magnitude than that induced by the native FLP protein (60 degrees). The additional DNA bending induced by the interaction between two native FLP molecules bound to the FRT site is not observed with the 21-kDa DNA-binding peptide. Amino-terminal sequencing has been used to map this peptide to an internal region of FLP that begins at residue Leu-148. It is likely that the DNA-binding peptide includes the catalytic site of the FLP protein.
A phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-sensitive casein kinase I alpha associates with synaptic vesicles and phosphorylates a subset of vesicle proteins. (1995)

In interphase cells, alpha-casein kinase I (alpha-CKI) is found associated with cytosolic vesicular structures, the centrosome, and within the nucleus. To identify the specific vesicular structures with which alpha-CKI is associated, established cell lines and primary rat neurons were immunofluorescently labeled with an antibody raised to alpha-CKI. In nonneuronal cells, alpha-CKI colocalizes with vesicular structures which align with microtubules and are partially coincident with both Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum markers. In neurons, alpha-CKI colocalizes with synaptic vesicle markers. When synaptic vesicles were purified from rat brain, they were highly enriched in a CKI, based on activity and immunoreactivity. The synaptic vesicle-associated CKI is an extrinsic kinase and was eluted from synaptic vesicles and purified. This purified CKI has properties most similar to alpha-CKI. When the activities of casein kinase I or II were specifically inhibited on isolated synaptic vesicles, CKI was shown to phosphorylate a specific subset of vesicle proteins, one of which was identified as the synaptic vesicle-specific protein SV2. As with alpha-CKI, the synaptic vesicle CKI is inhibited by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). However, synthesis of PIP2 was detected only in plasma membrane-containing fractions. Therefore, PIP2 may spatially regulate CKI. Since PIP2 synthesis is required for secretion, this inhibition of CKI may be important for the regulation of secretion.
Recombinant human nerve growth factor with a marked activity<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i> (2005)

Recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF) is regarded as the most promising therapy for neurodegeneration of the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as for several other pathological conditions involving the immune system. However, rhNGF is not commercially available as a drug. In this work, we provide data about the production on a laboratory scale of large amounts of a rhNGF that was shown to possess in vivo biochemical, morphological, and pharmacological effects that are comparable with the murine NGF (mNGF), with no apparent side effects, such as allodynia. Our rhNGF was produced by using conventional recombinant DNA technologies combined with a biotechnological approach for high-density culture of mammalian cells, which yielded a production of approximately 21.5 +/- 2.9 mg/liter recombinant protein. The rhNGF-producing cells were thoroughly characterized, and the purified rhNGF was shown to possess a specific activity comparable with that of the 2.5S mNGF by means of biochemical, immunological, and morphological in vitro studies. This work describes the production on a laboratory scale of high levels of a rhNGF with in vitro and, more important, in vivo biological activity equivalent to the native murine protein.
Configuration Management for Fieldbus Automation Systems (2007)

The industrial communication fieldbus protocols have evolved significantly in the last years. The advanced characteristics of instruments diagnosis and the advanced and flexible algorithms for control elaboration are some examples of advancements that have collaborated for this evolution. Considering this evolution, the automation systems have demanded more and more skilled people and tools directed to the configuration process automatization with features that must abstract the system complexity. In this context, it is presented in this paper a fieldbus configuration management approach for automation systems based on software project configuration management concepts and practices.
Monocular 3D shape reconstruction using deep neural networks (2016)

This paper presents a novel approach to reconstructing the 3D shape of an object from a single image. The approach combines deep neural networks with a silhouette-based 3D reconstruction process. The optimal 3D shape is sought efficiently inside an extremely low-dimensional latent shape space, and the viewpoint and the object shape are jointly optimized based on the result of image segmentation. Evaluation of this approach shows a nearly 20 percent performance gain in viewpoint estimation subsequent to the optimization.
Dimethyl sulfoxide, a convenient solvent of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene for intravenous injection. (1970)

Dimethyl sulfoxide is a convenient solvent of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for i.v. injection. As judged by its ability to induce both adrenal necrosis and mammary tumors, this solution is at least as active as fatty emulsions of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene now in general use. While the preparation of emulsions is time consuming and requires special equipment, the solution can be made quickly and economically in every laboratory.
A smartphone localization algorithm using RSSI and inertial sensor measurement fusion (2013)

Indoor navigation using the existing wireless infrastructure and mobile devices is a very active research area. The major challenge is to leverage the extensive smartphone sensor suite to achieve location tracking with high accuracy. In this paper, we develop a navigation algorithm which fuses the WiFi received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and smartphone inertial sensor measurements. A sequential Monte Carlo filter is developed for inertial sensor based tracking, and a radiolocation algorithm is developed to infer mobile location based on RSSI measurements. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the extended Kalman filter (EKF), and achieves competitive location accuracy compared with the round trip time (RTT) based ultra-wideband (UWB) system.
Unsupervised adaptation with domain separation networks for robust speech recognition (2017)

Unsupervised domain adaptation of speech signal aims at adapting a well-trained source-domain acoustic model to the unlabeled data from target domain. This can be achieved by adversarial training of deep neural network (DNN) acoustic models to learn an intermediate deep representation that is both senone-discriminative and domain-invariant. Specifically, the DNN is trained to jointly optimize the primary task of senone classification and the secondary task of domain classification with adversarial objective functions. In this work, instead of only focusing on learning a domain-invariant feature (i.e. the shared component between domains), we also characterize the difference between the source and target domain distributions by explicitly modeling the private component of each domain through a private component extractor DNN. The private component is trained to be orthogonal with the shared component and thus implicitly increases the degree of domain-invariance of the shared component. A reconstructor DNN is used to reconstruct the original speech feature from the private and shared components as a regularization. This domain separation framework is applied to the unsupervised environment adaptation task and achieved 11.08% relative WER reduction from the gradient reversal layer training, a representative adversarial training method, for automatic speech recognition on CHiME-3 dataset.
Alternatives to oral opioids for cancer pain. (1999)

Although the optimal route of administration of opioids is by mouth, some patients may require alternative routes during the course of their illnesses for several reasons. These include bowel obstruction, severe emesis, or severe dysphagia. In these cases, the alternatives include the subcutaneous or rectal route. The transdermal route also provides a simple, comfortable method that produces stable blood drug concentrations. The high potency and lipid solubility of fentanyl make it suitable for this route of administration. Iontophoresis can provide a rapid drug delivery rate, but no clinical studies exist to document the long-term effectiveness of this method in controlling pain. The transmucosal route is recommended only for those opioids with high solubility, such as buprenorphine, the fentanyl series, and methadone. Oral transmucosal fentanyl (Actiq) provides a rapid onset of pain relief and is appropriate for treating episodes of breakthrough pain.
Physical and topographical mapping among Triticeae chromosomes. (1996)

Three principal approaches have been used in our laboratory to analyze Triticeae genomes. (i) Synteny analysis: synteny among different Gramineae genomes was studied employing the elegant system of the Agropyron chromosome-induced deletion lines of wheat. Deletion mapping, predominantly of the homoeologous group 7 chromosomes, has led to the construction of a high density physical consensus map of wheat. The integration of wheat, barley and oat RFLP markers proves the colinearity between the wheat A-, B- and D-genomes, the H-genome of barley, and the E-genome of Agropyron. (ii) Light microscopic in situ techniques: the recent improvement of a drop technique for plant protoplasts was crucial for the sensitivity enhancement of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the efficient preparation of plant chromosomes for high resolution scanning electron microscopy, mapping of low-copy sequences, and comparative in situ hybridization. A tandemly amplified repetitive sequence element from microdissected barley chromosomes has enabled the karyotyping of Gramineae genomes in a single step. We have isolated and characterized members of this element family from other Triticeae species using PCR. The significant interspecific sequence differences were useful to identify single plant genomes, chromosomes and chromosome segments via post-hybridization washes under different stringency conditions. These sequences are also useful for simultaneous double or triple hybridization experiments in an attempt to localize new sequences on specific chromosomes or chromosome segments. The physical mapping of the Sec-1 locus has been refined on the satellite of chromosome 1R of rye, and the syntenic locus on barley chromosome 1H was identified. (iii) Physical mapping of rDNA sequences by high resolution electron microscopy: a method was developed for in situ hybridization and signal detection using high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy and a backscattered electron detector. Colloidal gold particles were localized on chromosome structures resembling the 30 nm fibre. An rDNA probe was located in the secondary constriction and the highly compact adjacent regions of barley chromosomes.
Misperceptions of the Emotional Content of Natural and Vocoded Speech in a Car (2017)

This paper analyzes a) how often listeners interpret the emotional content of an utterance incorrectly when listening to vocoded or natural speech in adverse conditions; b) which noise conditions cause the most misperceptions; and c) which group of listeners misinterpret emotions the most. The long-term goal is to construct new emotional speech synthesizers that adapt to the environment and to the listener. We performed a large-scale listening test where over 400 listeners between the ages of 21 and 72 assessed natural and vocoded acted emotional speech stimuli. The stimuli had been artificially degraded using a room impulse response recorded in a car and various in-car noise types recorded in a real car. Experimental results show that the recognition rates for emotions and perceived emotional strength degrade as signal-to-noise ratio decreases. Interestingly, misperceptions seem to be more pronounced for negative and lowarousal emotions such as calmness or anger, while positive emotions such as happiness appear to be more robust to noise. An ANOVA analysis of listener meta-data further revealed that gender and age also influenced results, with elderly male listeners most likely to incorrectly identify emotions.
Akt-mediated phosphorylation increases the binding affinity of hTERT for importin α to promote nuclear translocation (2015)

Telomeres are essential for chromosome integrity and protection, and their maintenance requires the ribonucleoprotein enzyme telomerase. Previously, we have shown that human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS; residues 222-240) that is responsible for nuclear import, and that Akt-mediated phosphorylation of residue S227 is important for efficient nuclear import of hTERT. Here, we show that hTERT binds to importin-α proteins through the bipartite NLS and that this heterodimer then forms a complex with importin-β proteins to interact with the nuclear pore complex. Depletion of individual importin-α proteins results in a failure of hTERT nuclear import, and the resulting cytoplasmic hTERT is degraded by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Crystallographic analysis reveals that the bipartite NLS interacts with both the major and minor sites of importin-α proteins. We also show that Akt-mediated phosphorylation of S227 increases the binding affinity for importin-α proteins and promotes nuclear import of hTERT, thereby resulting in increased telomerase activity. These data provide details of a binding mechanism that enables hTERT to interact with the nuclear import receptors and of the control of the dynamic nuclear transport of hTERT through phosphorylation.
Nod proteins link bacterial sensing and autophagy (2010)

Autophagy is one of the main cellular degradation systems in eukaryotes, responsible for the elimination of long-lived proteins and damaged organelles. Besides its well-documented role as a housekeeping mechanism, autophagy has recently caught the attention of groups working in the fields of microbiology and immunology, especially those working in innate immunity. In particular, the highly specific segregation and degradation of intracellular bacteria by the autophagic machinery was a matter of great interest. However, it was still unclear how the autophagy machinery could target intracellular bacteria with such specificity. We have recently analyzed the role of the intracellular peptidoglycan (PG) receptors Nod1 and Nod2 as a link between intracellular bacterial sensing and the induction of autophagy. Our results demonstrated that Nod2 recruits the critical autophagy protein ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane during bacterial invasion and that cells expressing mutations in these proteins--two of the most important associated with Crohn disease--autophagy is defective upon infection or stimulation with the bacterial peptidoglycan fragment MDP. Thus, our findings put together two genes previously reported as independent risk factors for the development of Crohn disease and open a venue in the study of new therapies to cure the disease.