gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactions of Vanillin and its Derived Compounds. XVIII.<sup>1</sup> Preparation and Reactions of Lignin Model Substances Related to 5-Carboxyvanillic Acid<sup>2,3</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Vanillin and its Derived Compounds. XVIII.1 Preparation and Reactions of Lignin Model Substances Related to 5-Carboxyvanillic Acid2,3Irwin A. Pearl and Donald L. BeyerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 17, 4263–4267Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01137a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01137a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views460Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel Algorithm for Baseline Correction of Chemical Signals (2009)

As important as noise problem, baseline drift is another part for de-noising the signals acquired by contemporary measurement, especially in the field of chemical signals processing. A novel algorithm named Iterative Suppression Polynomial Fitting algorithm (ISPF) based on modified polynomial fitting method was proposed in this work, which could eliminate the baseline automatically compared to former mathematical methods. The principle of ISPF is intelligible. Raman spectra signal was selected as the investigated subject of experimental section. The drift baseline which is caused by fluorescence blocked up further analysis. After processing with ISPF algorithm, baseline drifts were subtracted from the original Raman spectra signals, rice grains from different places were clearly classified by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results proved the efficiency of ISPF algorithm, which could be extended to other field for signal de-noising.
Advertising and the S-Curve: A New Approach (1979)

A flexible class of sigmoid or “S-shaped” functions useful in estimating the relationship between advertising and sales or market share is developed. The class, called the “odds” models, consists of functions able to depict relationships ranging from diminishing returns to nonsymmetric S-curves, including different saturation levels and nonzero intercepts. Which one of the member models applies to a given set of data can be determined on the basis of the estimated advertising coefficient, and thus it is easy to identify whether or not the relationship under analysis is S-shaped.
<i>The Physics of Structurally Disordered Matter: An Introduction</i> (1988)

Even in crystalline matter most of the interesting phenomena are caused by imperfections in the structure. When the disorder is radical, as in disordered alloys or - even more - in liquids, glasses, quasi-crystals and amorphous solids, physics encounters different phenomena and new problems, many still unsolved. This book comprehensively introduces current research into disordered matter, liquid and solid, metallic, insulating and semiconducting. Its approach is to describe pertinent properties and the basic theoretical methods for explaining them, and then to exemplify the directions of current research. It is intended for postgraduate students, advanced undergraduates and research workers in related areas. Basic notions of order and disorder are introduced first, followed by a discussion of the related problems of how to describe disordered structures and how to find out experimentally what they are. In this context the measurement by x-ray and neutron scattering of the various kinds of structure factor are discussed. Fractal descriptions are introduced. The importance of computer simulation studies is emphasised throughout, for example in the extensive chapter on the theory of liquids and also as a complement to neutron inelastic scattering in the study of thermal motion in liquids and glasses. Recent achievements in applying the nearly-free-electron model to electron transport and thermodynamic behaviour in disordered metals are explained and, when this approximation fails, the Green function, coherent potential and other techniques are shown to be the current methods of choice for electronic properties. A chapter is devoted to percolation and Anderson localisation and their relevance to many different phenomena such as conduction by hopping. All these concepts are brought to bear on liquid and glassy metals, amorphous semiconductors, simple liquids and non-conducting glasses, expanded liquid metals and compound-forming liquid alloys. At all points experimental results are presented to test the theories and many directions of current experimental development are pointed out.
Bluestockings, surfing and canons (2012)

In 1884, after Australia's secular and publicly funded universities had been directed by the colonial parliaments to enrol women, Bella Guerin and Lydia Harris were conferred with Bachelor of Arts degrees from the University of Melbourne. The following year Edith Dornwell achieved a science degree from the University of Adelaide. They were Australia's first women university graduates. Dr Margot Weir was the first Indigenous woman university graduate in 1959, when she gained a Diploma from the University of Melbourne.
A Study of Major Factors Influencing Customer Preference for Branded Coffee Chains among Young and Middle-Aged Adults in Mumbai (2017)

The coffee shop industry has been growing rapidly. In India, the branded coffee chain market is highly fragmented, with Cafe Coffee Day, Costa and Starbucks being few of the leading coffee chain businesses, operating in the country. The aim of this study is to understand the factors that influence customer choice while patronizing branded coffee shops. A quantitative study using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 120 respondents, based in the Greater Mumbai Metropolitan region. The most preferred brand with the surveyed respondents was Cafe Coffee Day. Majority of them also prefer branded coffee chains over non-branded ones due to many social and motivational factors. A factor analysis was conducted in order to find out the most important factors that influence the customer's choice of branded coffee shops. Satisfaction level, brand reputation and human behaviour, and marketing tactics , accounted for 60 per cent of the factors that influence the choice of branded coffee chains. The findings of this study provided valuable insights about Indian consumers who have a positive attitude towards consuming branded coffee beverages.
The Xerox Star: a retrospective (1989)

A description is given of the Xerox 8010 Star information system, which was designed as an office automation system. The idea was that professionals in a business or organization would have workstations on their desks and would use them to produce, retrieve, distribute, and organize documentation, presentations, memos, and reports. All of the workstations in an organization would be connected via Ethernet and would share access to file servers, printers, etc. The distinctive features of Star are identified, and changes to the original design are examined. A history of Star development is included. Some lessons learned from designing Star are related.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
OR Forum—The Cost of Latency in High-Frequency Trading (2013)

Modern electronic markets have been characterized by a relentless drive toward faster decision making. Significant technological investments have led to dramatic improvements in latency, the delay between a trading decision and the resulting trade execution. We describe a theoretical model for the quantitative valuation of latency. Our model measures the trading frictions created by the presence of latency, by considering the optimal execution problem of a representative investor. Via a dynamic programming analysis, our model provides a closed-form expression for the cost of latency in terms of well-known parameters of the underlying asset. We implement our model by estimating the latency cost incurred by trading on a human time scale. Examining NYSE common stocks from 1995 to 2005 shows that median latency cost across our sample roughly tripled during this time period. Furthermore, using the same data set, we compute a measure of implied latency and conclude that the median implied latency decreased by approximately two orders of magnitude. Empirically calibrated, our model suggests that the reduction in cost achieved by going from trading on a human time scale to a low latency time scale is comparable with other execution costs faced by the most cost efficient institutional investors, and it is consistent with the rents that are extracted by ultra-low latency agents, such as providers of automated execution services or high frequency traders.
Infectious stunting and leg weakness em broilers ii. Studies on alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in blood plasma<sup>1</sup> (1980)

Total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in blood plasma of broilers suffering from infectious stunting after artificial infection was constantly higher than that of uninoculated control birds. While total ALP activity in blood plasma from inoculated broilers of various ages decreased after incubation at 56 degrees C, it increased in similarly treated plasma collected from broilers at 3, 21 and 28 days after inoculation. Investigations into the organ origin of the plasma ALP isoenzymes with agarose electrophoresis, column chromatography, L phenylalanine inhibition and heat treatment showed that the main part of ALP activity in blood plasma of both, inoculated and uninoculated birds was most likely of intestinal origin. In 3-day-old broilers no heat sensitive part of total ALP could be measured.
Spectrum and Frequency of<i>FZD4</i>Mutations in Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (2004)

Eight mutations have been identified in the FZD4 gene in a cohort of 40 unrelated patients with FEVR. This result indicates that FZD4 mutations are responsible for only 20% of FEVR index cases and suggests that the other FEVR loci may account for more cases than previously anticipated.
The Functional and Morphological Damage of Ischemic Reperfused Skeletal Muscle (1997)

Skeletal muscle is frequently damaged by ischemia-reperfusion both caused by direct injury and also by surgery. The purpose of the present experiments was to examine how the different types of skeletal muscles (fast and slow) react functionally and morphologically after 1 and 2 h of ischemia followed by different periods of reperfusion. The fast-twitch (musculus extensor digitorum longus, EDL) and the slow-twitch (musculus soleus, SOL) muscle of Wistar rats were prepared. They were stimulated in vivo, either directly or indirectly at different reperfusion times following tourniquet ischemia, and the contraction force of the muscles was recorded. The morphological changes were examined by light microscopy. At early reperfusion times, the contraction force of the EDL muscle was reduced by 40 and 90% after 1 and 2 h of ischemia, respectively. The contraction force was about 50% at the end of a 2-week reperfusion period in the 1-hour ischemia group and it increased significantly (from 5 to 38%) during the second week if the ischemia lasted for 2 h. Reduction of contraction force in the SOL muscle was over 50 and 90% following 1 and 2 h of ischemia, respectively, and it started to improve from the 2nd week. Morphological changes of the two types of muscle were identical. At early reperfusion times granulocytes were seen in the blood vessels adhering to the endothelium. 24 h later neutrophil granulocytes migrated into the endomysium and thereafter into the perimysium. One week after 1 h of ischemia both muscles showed normal histology. However, the structural regeneration process only started at the end of the 1st week of reperfusion after 2 h of the ischemic damage. The following conclusions can be drawn. (1) There is functional morphological evidence of ischemic and reperfusion injury in both muscles after 24 h and also after 1 week of reperfusion. (2) Functionally, the two types of muscles regenerate differently, i.e. the SOL starts to regenerate earlier than the EDL. (3) Morphologically the two types of muscle show the same reactions. An increase in the time of ischemia from 1 to 2 h delays the regeneration processes.
The acute effect of green tea consumption on endothelial function in healthy individuals (2008)

Green tea consumption has an acute beneficial effect on endothelial function, assessed with FMD of the brachial artery, in healthy individuals. This may be involved in the beneficial effect of tea on cardiovascular risk.
Group Communication for CoAP (2011)

This is a working document intended to trigger discussion and develop
draft language for the CoAP protocol specification in the area of
group communication (including multicast functionality). Engineering
tradeoffs become more challenging in constrained environments,
therefore group communication is considered within the context of
adjacent topics that may impact or be impacted by design choices in
the subject area.
Integrative Analysis of miRNA-mRNA and miRNA-miRNA Interactions (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding regulatory molecules. They are involved in many essential biological processes and act by suppressing gene expression. The present work reports an integrative analysis of miRNA-mRNA and miRNA-miRNA interactions and their regulatory patterns using high-throughput miRNA and mRNA datasets. Aberrantly expressed miRNA and mRNA profiles were obtained based on fold change analysis, and qRT-PCR was used for further validation of deregulated miRNAs. miRNAs and target mRNAs were found to show various expression patterns. miRNA-miRNA interactions and clustered/homologous miRNAs were also found to contribute to the flexible and selective regulatory network. Interacting miRNAs (e.g., miRNA-103a and miR-103b) showed more pronounced differences in expression, which suggests the potential "restricted interaction" in the miRNA world. miRNAs from the same gene clusters (e.g., miR-23b gene cluster) or gene families (e.g., miR-10 gene family) always showed the same types of deregulation patterns, although they sometimes differed in expression levels. These clustered and homologous miRNAs may have close functional relationships, which may indicate collaborative interactions between miRNAs. The integrative analysis of miRNA-mRNA based on biological characteristics of miRNA will further enrich miRNA study.
Efficacy and side effects of tramadol versus oxycodone for patient-controlled analgesia after maxillofacial surgery (1999)

Tramadol, a weak opioid μ-receptor agonist, may have a favourable potency and side effect profile for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). In a prospective, double-blind, randomized study involving 54 patients, tramadol was compared with oxycodone in PCA after maxillofacial surgery. All the patients were given diclofenac sodium 1 mg kg−1 intramuscularly and dexamethasone 8 mg twice a day. Post-operatively patients received tramadol or oxycodone by a PCA apparatus (lockout 5 min, tramadol 0.3 mg kg−1 bolus, oxycodone 0.03 mg kg−1 bolus). During the immediate recovery period, opioid was administered i.v. in a double-blind fashion, either tramadol 10 mg or oxycodone 1 mg increments until the pain control was judged to be satisfactory by the patient. Pain was assessed at rest and during activity (mouth opening) before and after loading, at 2 h after commencing the PCA, as well as at 21.00 and at 09.00 hours on the following morning. Side effects were recorded. The potency ratio of tramadol to oxycodone was found to be approximately 8:1. There was no significant difference between the groups in the VAS scores for pain. No respiratory depression was identified. Tramadol was found to provide adequate analgesia after maxillofacial surgery without risk of respiratory depression. However, the incidence of nausea was slightly greater in the tramadol group than in the oxycodone group (44% vs. 28%, NS).
Effects of Mold Oil Containing γ-Linolenic Acid on the Blood Cholesterol and Eicosanoid Levels in Rats (1986)

Journal Article Effects of Mold Oil Containing γ-Linolenic Acid on the Blood Cholesterol and Eicosanoid Levels in Rats Get access Miehihiro Sugano, Miehihiro Sugano Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Kyushu University School of Agriculture, 46–09, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takahiro Ishida, Takahiro Ishida Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Kyushu University School of Agriculture, 46–09, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Katsuko Yoshida, Katsuko Yoshida Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Kyushu University School of Agriculture, 46–09, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazunari Tanaka, Kazunari Tanaka Laboratory of Nutrition, Nagasaki Women’s College, Nagasaki 850, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Motohiro Niwa, Motohiro Niwa Brewing Science Laboratory, Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., Takasaki, 370–12, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masahiro Arima, Masahiro Arima Brewing Science Laboratory, Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., Takasaki, 370–12, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akihito Morita Akihito Morita Brewing Science Laboratory, Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., Takasaki, 370–12, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 50, Issue 10, 1 October 1986, Pages 2483–2491, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1986.10867784 Published: 01 October 1986 Article history Received: 25 March 1986 Published: 01 October 1986
Health Implications of Electromagnetic Fields, Mechanisms of Action, and Research Needs (2014)

Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been implicated to influence a range of bodily functions. Given their ubiquitous nature, widespread applications, and capability to produce deleterious effects, conclusive investigations of the health risks are critical. Accordingly, this paper has been constructed to weigh the bioeffects, possible biointeraction mechanisms, and research areas in bioelectromagnetics seeking immediate attention. The several gaps in the existing knowledge do not permit one to reach a concrete conclusion but possibility for harmful effects cannot be underestimated in absence of consistent findings and causal mechanisms. Several studies with appropriate methodologies reflect the capacity of electromagnetic radiations to cause adverse health effects and there are several credible mechanisms that can account for the observed effects. Hence, need of the hour is to activate comprehensive well-coordinated blind scientific investigations, overcoming all limitations and demerits of previous investigations especially replication studies to concretize the earlier findings. Furthermore, appropriate exposure assessment is crucial for identification of dose-response relation if any, and the elucidation of biological interaction mechanism. For the time being, the public should follow the precautionary principle and limit their exposure as much as possible.
17. The stability of excavated slopes exposing rock (1985)

Introduction The Design of Rock Slopes Data Presentation and Evaluation Stability of Rock Slopes Blast Damage Field Studies of Rock Faces Seismic Refraction Blast Disturbance Optimisation of Stability Acknowledgements
New Lower Bounds for the Rank of Matrix Multiplication (2014)

The rank of the matrix multiplication operator for ${\bf n}\times{\bf n}$ matrices is one of the most studied quantities in algebraic complexity theory. I prove that the rank is at least $3{\bf n}^2-o({\bf n}^2)$. More precisely, for any integer $p\leq {\bf n} -1$ the rank is at least $(3-\frac 1{p+1}){\bf n}^2-(1+2p\binom{2p}{p-1}){\bf n}$. The previous lower bound, due to Bläser, was $\frac 52{\bf n}^2-3{\bf n}$ (the case $p=1$). The new bounds improve Bläser's bound for all ${\bf n}>84$. I also prove lower bounds for rectangular matrices that are significantly better than the previous bound.
AFFERENT IMPULSES IN THE PUDENDAL NERVES OF THE CAT (1964)

Ingoing impulses from sense organs in the anal and urethral regions of the cat were recorded in single fibres of the sacral dorsal roots. In the anal region rapidly adapting discharges came from sense organs in the peri‐anal skin, in the lining membrane of the anal canal and in the peri‐anal tissues. There were slowly adapting stretch receptors in the external anal sphincter. Rapid distension of the urethra gave rise to rapidly adapting discharges in the ingoing fibres. A steady flow of fluid along the urethra caused a sustained but irregular discharge of low voltage from receptors lying in the substance of the urethra. There are typical muscle spindles in the substance of the external anal sphincter and lamellated end organs in the peri‐anal tissue. Lamellated end organs of varying sizes are in and around the wall of the urethra: the smallest lamellated end organ lies immediately under the epithelium of the lumen of the urethra.
Fuel for change (2007)

Subtitle: Fuels synthesised from coal and natural gas can already power aircraft, but what industry needs is a bio-derived jet fuel that can address global warming.
Mouse phenotypes: a handbook of mutation analysis. (2005)

Chapter 1: In the beginning: Obtaining a mutant Chapter 2: Gene-targeting strategies for maximum ease and versatility Chapter 3: Getting to a phenotype Chapter 4: Maintaining Your mutant Chapter 5: Phenotypic analysis: Prenatal lethality Chapter 6: Phenotypic analysis: Postnatal effects Chapter 7: Dominant effects Chapter 8: Getting around an early lethal phenotype Appendix 1: Useful books and resources Appendix 2: Examples of phenotype analysis Appendix 3: Glossary Index
Using glycome databases for drug discovery (2008)

There is a plethora of glycomics databases that have much potential for drug discovery. This may seem daunting at first but this review helps to put some of these resources into perspective. Additionally, some thoughts on how to integrate these resources to allow more efficient research are presented.
Compiling document collections from the Internet (2000)

Presently domain specific search engines are becoming popular because they offer greater accuracy, when compared to general purpose search engines. In this study, a method for collecting domain specific documents from the net was developed for the purpose of improving search results. The main thrust of our approach is to use several metrics to estimate the relevance of every automatically discovered document by a crawler regarding a topic of interest. This type of search resulted in two important findings. First, the time required for manual analysis of document content by the crawler was significantly reduced; second, the content quality of selected documents was improved. These results suggest that the rough estimation of precision and recall calculated in this study offer great promise.