gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 Tat Protein-Induced Alterations of ZO-1 Expression are Mediated by Redox-Regulated ERK1/2 Activation (2005)

HIV-1 Tat protein plays an important role in inducing monocyte infiltration into the brain and may alter the structure and functions of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB serves as a frontline defense system, protecting the central nervous system from infected monocytes entering the brain. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the mechanisms of Tat effect on the integrity of the BBB in the mouse brain. Tat was injected into the right hippocampi of C57BL/6 mice and expression of tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was determined in control and treated mice. Tat administration resulted in decreased mRNA levels of ZO-1 and marked disruption of ZO-1 continuity. These changes were associated with accumulation of inflammatory cells in brain tissue of Tat-treated mice. Further experiments indicated that Tat-mediated alterations of redox-related signaling may be responsible for decreased ZO-1 expression. Specifically, injections with Tat resulted in activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and pretreatment with U 0126, a specific inhibitor of ERK kinase, effectively ameliorated the Tat-induced diminished ZO-1 levels. In addition, administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione and a potent antioxidant, attenuated both Tat-induced ERK 1/2 activation and alterations in ZO-1 expression. These results indicate that Tat-induced oxidative stress can play an important role in affecting the integrity of the BBB through the ERK 1/2 pathway.
Log-based predictive maintenance in discrete parts manufacturing (2019)

The performance of discrete parts manufacturing systems is heavily influenced by unplanned machine breakdowns. Predictive maintenance allows for the conversation of unplanned machine breakdowns to scheduled corrective maintenance actions. We present a data-driven approach for estimating the probability of machine breakdown during specified time interval in the future. Machine learning algorithms are utilized for a specific use-case which is based on real-world data-sets including machine log messages, event logs and operational information. The paper describes applied data-mining, feature-extraction and machine learning methods and concludes with results indicating that machine failures can be reliably predicted up to 168 hours in advance.
Pancreas-enriched miRNAs are altered in the circulation of subjects with diabetes: a pilot cross-sectional study (2016)

The clinical presentation of diabetes sometimes overlaps, contributing to ambiguity in the diagnosis. Thus, circulating pancreatic islet-enriched microRNAs (miRNAs) might be useful biomarkers of β-cell injury/dysfunction that would allow more accurate subtyping of diabetes. We measured plasma levels of selected miRNAs in subjects with prediabetes (n = 12), type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 31), latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA, n = 6) and type 1 diabetes (T1D, n = 16) and compared them to levels in healthy control subjects (n = 27). The study was conducted at the Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes (TRI-MD), Florida Hospital. MiRNAs including miR-375 (linked to β-cell injury), miR-21 (associated with islet inflammation), miR-24.1, miR-30d, miR-34a, miR-126, miR-146, and miR-148a were significantly elevated in subjects with various forms of diabetes compared to healthy controls. Levels of several miRNAs were significantly correlated with glucose responses during oral glucose tolerance testing, HbA1c, β-cell function, and insulin resistance in healthy controls, prediabetes, and T2D. These data suggest that miRNAs linked to β-cell injury and islet inflammation might be useful biomarkers to distinguish between subtypes of diabetes. This information could be used to predict progression of the disease, guide selection of optimal therapy and monitor responses to interventions, thus improving outcomes in patients with diabetes.
Optical generation of millimeter-wave signals for fiber-radio systems using a dual-mode DFB semiconductor laser (1995)

This paper presents a new approach to the optical generation of millimeter-wave signals using a dual-mode multisection distributed feedback semiconductor laser. This simple device is capable of generating high power signals between 40 and 60 GHz with extremely high spectral purity and stability. The two optical modes produced by this laser are heterodyned on an ultrafast photodiode to give a beat signal at the mode difference frequency. The phase noise of the beat signal is greatly reduced by phase-locking the modes using an electrical drive signal applied to the laser at a subharmonic of the beat frequency. Millimeter-wave signals are obtained with a linewidth of less than 10 Hz, a phase noise of less than -85 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset, and a locking range of about 500 MHz. Millimeter-wave fiber-radio systems are seen as a major application area for these new compact optical sources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New antipsychotics: the present status (1995)

Until antipsychotics can be subdivided according to differentiated effects on psychic functions (for example on positive/negative symptoms and cognitive functions), the best classification seems to be one based upon receptor-binding profiles and the side effects that follow. Such a combined pharmacological-clinical approach appears fruitful to clinicians as well as pharmacologists. According to this classification the new antipsychotics can be subdivided into three main categories: the relatively pure dopamine antagonists (D2 antagonists, including sulpiride and amisulpiride); the dopamine (D2)-serotonin (5-HT2)-norepinephrine (alpha 1) antagonists (risperidone, ziprazidone and sertindole); and the multireceptor antagonists (clozapine, olanzapine and seroquel). Clozapine is still the most potent antipsychotic and the least potent at inducing extrapyramidal symptoms. New drugs such as olanzapine, seroquel and sertindole represent the further development of clozapine's positive qualities, while risperidone and ziprasidone are dominated to a greater extent by relatively traditional dopamine D2 receptor blockade.
Effect Of Plasticizers On The Permeability And Mechanical Properties Of Eudragit Films For Transdermal Application (2002)

The present investigation was taken up to prepare and evaluate Eudragit RS100 films as rate controlling membrane for transdermal use and to study the effect of different concentrations of various plasticizers on the permeability and mechanical properties. Drug free films of Eudragit RS100 were prepared by the casting method on mercury surface employing chloroform as a solvent and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG) as plasticizers. These films were evaluated for thickness uniformity, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and water vapor transmission. Permeability characters of these films were studied using verapamil hydrochloride (VPH) as a model drug. The thickness of the films was found to be uniform. Tensile strength of the films prepared using DBP as plasticizer was high compared to the films plasticized with PEG. Water vapor transmission and drug diffusion through films followed a pattern closed to zero order type and it was decreased with increase in the film thickness. Films plasticized with PEG showed higher permeability to verapamil hydrochloride. The permeability of the drug was decreased as the concentration of dibutyl phthalate was increased. Whereas increase in the concentration of PEG enhanced the permeability characteristics of the films.
Investigation of Different Recombinant Isoforms of Grass Group‐V Allergens (Timothy Grass Pollen) Isolated by Low‐Stringency cDNA Hybridization — Antibody Binding Capacity and Allergenic Activity (1997)

A cDNA library of timothy grass pollen was screened for homologous isoforms of major group-V allergens by low stringency hybridization with a Phl p 5 (Phleum pratense) probe. After restriction analysis of the 40 clones obtained, 17 were selected for cDNA sequencing. Of these clones, two were unrelated to group-V allergens, six showed high similarity but an incomplete open reading frame and nine had high similarity with a complete open reading frame. Comparison of deduced amino acids of ten complete cDNA clones confirmed the presence of two major isoforms, a and b. Within these two subgroups, only minor sequence variations were observed. Eight isoforms were expressed in Escherichia coli K12 and purified to homogeneity. Although the subgroups a and b could be distinguished by their molecular masses and by binding constants towards monoclonal antibodies, all isoforms turned out to be biochemically similar. Ribonuclease activity as a marker for the biological function of group-V allergens was shown to be in the same range for both subgroups. Analysis of allergenic B-cell responses towards the isoforms in 26 grass pollen allergic patients revealed that the IgE reactivities to the different isoforms were identical for each individual. IgE reactivities and allergenic activities of three isovariants and an allergen of a different group were compared in a selected group of four grass pollen allergic patients by immunoblot, histamine-release and skin-prick tests. The IgE reactivity does not necessarily mirror the allergenic activity of the single molecule, and the variability of allergenic activity between the isovariants does not, in every case, depend on the structural differences of these allergens. We conclude that group-V isoallergens in grass pollen, although they can be structurally different, induce a similar B-cell response but can show variable allergenic activity. Thus, the most allergenic isoform of each important group of allergens should be sufficient for the diagnosis of type-I allergy. Whether the isoallergenic variation has any significant influence on the outcome of immunotherapy in allergic disease still has to be elucidated.
New perfluoroalkylphosphonic and bis(perfluoroalkyl)phosphinic acids and their precursors (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew perfluoroalkylphosphonic and bis(perfluoroalkyl)phosphinic acids and their precursorsTariq Mahmood and Jean'ne M. ShreeveCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 18, 3128–3131Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00238a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00238a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views598Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of lovastatin therapy on guinea pig low density lipoprotein composition and metabolism. (1989)

Lovastatin therapy is known to induce hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mRNA and LDL receptor activity. Yet, in studies in humans and animals it has been difficult to demonstrate an enhancement of the plasma fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of an injected LDL tracer during lovastatin therapy. One explanation may be that the composition of the LDL tracer may also change during therapy, independently affecting LDL clearance. To test this possibility we fed guinea pigs lovastatin, which led to a decrease in their plasma LDL cholesterol levels. Composition studies showed that LDL isolated from lovastatin-treated guinea pigs was slightly cholesterol-depleted and triglyceride-enriched when compared to LDL isolated from control animals. Several independent lines of investigation documented that a substantial increase in hepatic LDL receptor activity occurred in response to the lovastatin treatment. Consistent with this, when a single LDL tracer was injected into control and lovastatin-treated guinea pigs, the FCR was always more rapid in the lovastatin-treated animals. However, when LDL isolated from lovastatin-treated animals (L-LDL) was simultaneously injected intravenously with LDL isolated from control animals (C-LDL) the FCR of the C-LDL was always more rapid than that of the L-LDL. When one compared the FCR of C-LDL determined in control animals with the FCR of L-LDL determined in lovastatin animals there was no difference. Possible explanations for these paradoxical findings are discussed.
Current and Emerging Uses of Statins in Clinical Therapeutics: A Review (2016)

Statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering medications that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, are commonly administered to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Statin use may expand considerably given its potential for treating an array of cholesterol-independent diseases. However, the lack of conclusive evidence supporting these emerging therapeutic uses of statins brings to the fore a number of unanswered questions including uncertainties regarding patient-to-patient variability in response to statins, the most appropriate statin to be used for the desired effect, and the efficacy of statins in treating cholesterol-independent diseases. In this review, the adverse effects, costs, and drug-drug and drug-food interactions associated with statin use are presented. Furthermore, we discuss the pleiotropic effects associated with statins with regard to the onset and progression of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, strokes, bacterial infections, and human immunodeficiency virus. Understanding these issues will improve the prognosis of patients who are administered statins and potentially expand our ability to treat a wide variety of diseases.
Promoter Attenuation in Gene Therapy: Interferon- <i>γ</i> and Tumor Necrosis Factor- <i>α</i> Inhibit Transgene Expression (1997)

One of the major limitations to current gene therapy is the low-level and transient vector gene expression due to poorly defined mechanisms, possibly including promoter attenuation or extinction. Because the application of gene therapy vectors in vivo induces cytokine production through specific or nonspecific immune responses, we hypothesized that cytokine-mediated signals may alter vector gene expression. Our data indicate that the cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibit transgene expression from certain widely used viral promoters/enhancers (cytomegalovirus, Rous sarcoma virus, simian virus 40, Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat) delivered by adenoviral, retroviral or plasmid vectors in vitro. A constitutive cellular promoter (beta-actin) is less sensitive to these cytokine effects. Inhibition is at the mRNA level and cytokines do not cause vector DNA degradation, inhibit total cellular protein synthesis, or kill infected/transfected cells. Administration of neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody results in enhanced transgene expression in vivo. Thus, standard gene therapy vectors in current use may be improved by altering cytokine-responsive regulatory elements. Determination of the mechanisms involved in cytokine-regulated vector gene expression may improve the understanding of the cellular disposition of vectors for gene transfer and gene therapy.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Induces Nephrogenesis and Vasculogenesis (1999)

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors Flt-1 and Flk-1 in the rat kidney was examined during ontogeny using Northern blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. In prevascular embryonic kidneys (embryonic day 14 [E14]), immunoreactive Flt-1 and Flk-1 were observed in isolated angioblasts, whereas VEGF was not detected. Angioblasts aligned forming cords before morphologically differentiating into endothelial cells. In late fetal kidneys (E19), immunoreactive VEGF was detected in glomerular epithelial and tubular cells, whereas Flt-1 and Flk-1 were expressed in contiguous endothelial cells. To determine whether VEGF induces endothelial cell differentiation and vascular development in the kidney, the effect of recombinant human VEGF (5 ng/ml) was examined on rat metanephric organ culture, a model known to recapitulate nephrogenesis in the absence of vessels. After 6 d in culture in serum-free, defined media, metanephric kidney growth and morphology were assessed. DNA content was higher in VEGF-treated explants (1.9 +/- 0.17 microg/kidney, n = 9) than in paired control explants (1.4 +/- 0.10 microg/kidney, n = 9) (P < 0.05). VEGF induced proliferation of tubular epithelial cells, as indicated by an increased number of tubules and tubular proliferating cell nuclear antigen-containing cells. VEGF induced upregulation of Flk-1 and Flt-1 expression, as assessed by Western blot analysis. Developing endothelial cells were identified and localized using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Flt-1, Flk-1, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-containing cells were detected in VEGF-treated explants, whereas control explants were negative. These studies confirmed previous reports indicating that the expression of VEGF and its receptors is temporally and spatially associated with kidney vascularization and identified angioblasts expressing Flt-1 and Flk-1 in prevascular embryonic kidneys. The data indicate that VEGF expression is downregulated in standard culture conditions and that VEGF stimulates growth of embryonic kidney explants by expanding both endothelium and epithelium, resulting in vasculogenesis and enhanced tubulogenesis. These data suggest that VEGF plays a critical role in renal development by promoting endothelial cell differentiation, capillary formation, and proliferation of tubular epithelia.
Chemical Protection against the Long-Term Effects of a Single Whole-Body Exposure of Mice to Ionizing Radiation: I. Life Shortening (1977)

A systematic study has been made of the advantages gained by treatment with combined radiochemical protectors for long-term survival of mice exposed to a single dose of ionizing radiation. Our results demonstrate that mixtures of radioprotectors increase the degree of protection compared with that obtained with each substance given separately. The dose-effect curves for the long-term survival obtained for irradiated untreated mice and for mice treated with a mixture of radioprotectors are not parallel. Thus the dose-reduction factor (DRF) varies with the X-ray dose administered. The optimum DRF obtained for long-term survival of ${\rm BALB}/{\rm c}^{+}$ mice (2.5) was very close to that obtained against acute effects of ionizing radiation (2.8).
The Electric Fields at Ground Level Associated with the Inverted Delta Configuration (1981)

Though transmission line towers employing the inverted delta configuration are not yet in commercial operation, they hold great promise for the near future, especially at EHV and UHV levels. The paper gives the normalized graphs needed to calculate the maximum ground gradient for practical inverted delta configurations. The study shows that the geometrical parameters of the inverted delta configuration can be optimized to reduce the maximum ground gradient. The study also shows that lowering the centre phase to convert a flat configuration to an optimum inverted delta configuration would not increase the maximum ground gradient.
General Media (1973)

William L. Rivers and William T. Slater's Aspen Handbook on the Media: Research, Publications, Organizations (Palo Alto, Calif.: Aspen Program, 770 Welch Rd., Suite 453, 1973— $1.95, paper) John McHale's The Changing Information Environment: A Selective Topography (Center for Integrative Studies, School of Advanced Technology, SUUT-Binghamton, Binghamton, N.Y. 13901—no price indicated). Donis A. Dondis' A primer of Visual Literacy (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1973— $9.95) Anthony Sampson's The Sovereign State of ITT (New York: Stein & Day, 1973—$10.00) Z.A.B. Zeman's Nazi Propaganda (New York: Oxford University Press, 1973-.42.95, paper), Edmund Carpenter's Oh What A blow That Phantom Gave Me! (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1973– $5.95), Joe Morella, Edward Z. Epstein and Eleanor Clark's The Amazing Careers of Bob Hope: From Gags to Riches (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1973—$8.95)
Linear variable filter based on a gradient grating period guided-mode resonance filter (2016)

In this letter, we fabricated and characterized a linear variable filter based on a guided-mode resonance filter (GMRF) with gradient grating periods. The GMRF was first fabricated through nanoreplica molding on a plastic substrate, which was followed by the deposition of a thin TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> film. The grating periods of the GMRF vary from 250 to 550 nm with a 2-nm increment in each period consisting of 100 cycles. The results show that a 6-mm-long GMRF has a filtering range of 506-915 nm.
Generative Model for the Inverse Design of Metasurfaces (2018)

The advent of metasurfaces in recent years has ushered in a revolutionary means to manipulate the behavior of light on the nanoscale. The design of such structures, to date, has relied on the expertise of an optical scientist to guide a progression of electromagnetic simulations that iteratively solve Maxwell's equations until a locally optimized solution can be attained. In this work, we identify a solution to circumvent this conventional design procedure by means of a deep learning architecture. When fed an input set of customer-defined optical spectra, the constructed generative network generates candidate patterns that match the on-demand spectra with high fidelity. This approach reveals an opportunity to expedite the discovery and design of metasurfaces for tailored optical responses in a systematic, inverse-design manner.
Comparison of Antiviral Effects of Zidovudine Phosphoramidate and Phosphorodiamidate Derivatives against HIV and ULV <i>in vitro</i> (1992)

A number of zidovudine phosphoramidate and phosphorodiamidate derivatives were prepared, including some previously unreported benzyl esterified amino acyl compounds. These were found to be active in vitro against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), and were tested subsequently in the S+L-tissue culture assay against urethane leukaemia virus (ULV), a murine leukaemia virus (MuLV). The fifteen compounds tested showed a similar range of activity against the two viruses. No active compounds were missed in the MuLV system which was usually more sensitive to antiviral effects. Five compounds showed some toxicity to the mouse cells only. We are using this system in parallel with HIV assays to identify those derivatives which will be tested subsequently against a murine retrovirus in vivo.
Assessment of <scp>SIA</scp>scopy in the triage of suspicious skin tumours (2014)

SIAscopy cannot replace the standard of care in skin cancer diagnosis, which includes clinical and dermoscopic examination. However, considering that the technique does not require specific training and expertise, it might represent an additional, relatively cost-effective tool to select lesions for referral.