gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flake (NH4)6Mo7O24/Polydopamine as a High Performance Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries (2021)

Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ((NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>Mo<sub>7</sub>O<sub>24</sub>) (AMT) is commonly used as the precursor to synthesize Mo‑based oxides or sulfides for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, the electrochemical lithium storage ability of AMT itself is unclear so far. In the present work, AMT is directly examined as a promising anode material for Li‑ion batteries with good capacity and cycling stability. To further improve the electrochemical performance of AMT, AMT/polydopamine (PDA) composite was simply synthesized via recrystallization and freeze drying methods. Unlike with block shape for AMT, the as‑prepared AMT/PDA composite shows flake morphology. The initial discharge capacity of AMT/PDA is reached up to 1471 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>. It delivers a reversible discharge capacity of 702 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at a current density of 300 mA g<sup>-1</sup>, and a stable reversible capacity of 383.6 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> is retained at a current density of 0.5 A g<sup>-1</sup> after 400 cycles. Moreover, the lithium storage mechanism is fully investigated. The results of this work could potentially expand the application of AMT and Mo‑based anode for LIBs.
Syntheses and micellar properties of well‐defined amphiphilic AB<sub>2</sub>and A<sub>2</sub>B Y‐shaped miktoarm star copolymers of ε‐caprolactone and 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (2007)

Abstract Well‐defined amphiphilic PCL‐ b ‐(PDMA) 2 and (PCL) 2 ‐ b ‐PDMA Y‐shaped miktoarm star copolymers and PCL‐ b ‐PDMA linear diblock copolymer were synthesized via a combination of ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), where PCL is poly (ε‐caprolactone) and PDMA is poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate). All of these three types of copolymers have comparable PCL contents and overall molecular weights. The PCL block is hydrophobic while the PDMA block is hydrophilic, and they behave like polymeric surfactants and self‐assemble into PCL‐core micelles in aqueous media. The chain architectural effects on the micellization properties, including the aggregation number, size, polydispersity, and micelle densities of (PCL 29 ) 2 ‐ b ‐PDMA 45 , PCL 61 ‐ b ‐(PDMA 24 ) 2 , and PCL 56 ‐ b ‐PDMA 49 in dilute aqueous solution, were then explored by dynamic and static laser light scattering (LLS). The intensity–average hydrodynamic radius, 〈 R h 〉, the aggregation number per micelle, N agg , and the core radius, R core , of the PCL‐core micelles all increased in the order PCL 61 ‐ b ‐(PDMA 24 ) 2 < (PCL 29 ) 2 ‐ b ‐PDMA 45 < PCL 56 ‐ b ‐PDMA 49 . The surface area occupied per soluble PDMA block at the core/corona interface increased in the order PCL 61 ‐ b ‐(PDMA 24 ) 2 < PCL 56 ‐ b ‐PDMA 49 < (PCL 29 ) 2 ‐ b ‐PDMA 45 . PCL 61 ‐ b ‐(PDMA 24 ) 2 micelles had the largest overall micelle density, possibly because of that the presence of two soluble PDMA arms at the junction point favors the bending of the core–corona interface and thus the formation of densely‐packed core‐shell nanostructures. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1446–1462, 2007
Synthesis and characterization of high efficiency and stable Ag3PO4/TiO2 visible light photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B solutions (2012)

A facile and reproducible method for the synthesis of Ag3PO4/TiO2 visible light photocatalyst has been developed to improve the photocatalytic activity and stability of Ag3PO4. The innovation of this method is to in situ deposit Ag3PO4 nanoparticles onto the TiO2 (P25) surface forming a heterostructure. The improved activity of the Ag3PO4/TiO2 heterostructured photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation is attributed to the increased surface area and enhanced absorption of MB and RhB. Furthermore, depositing Ag3PO4 onto the surface of TiO2 facilitates electron–hole separation that leads to the elevated photocatalytic activity. The heterostructured Ag3PO4/TiO2 photocatalyst significantly decreases the loading of noble metal Ag from 77 wt% to 47 wt%, thereby significantly reducing the cost for the practical application of Ag3PO4 photocatalyst.
The effects of radiofrequency energy probe speed and application force on chondrocyte viability (2007)

Improper use of mRFE may cause thermal injury on articular cartilage.
SPACE GROUP SYMMETRY (1994)

Part 1 Tables for plane groups and space groups: symbols and terms used in this volume, Th. Hahn guide to the use of the space-group tables, Th. Hahn and A. Vos space-group determination and diffraction symbols, A. Vos and M.J. Buerger synoptic tables of space-group symbols group-subgroup relations, E.F. Betaut transformations in crystallography, H. Arnold the 17 plane groups (two-dimensional space groups) the 230 space groups. Part 2 Symmetry in crystallography: introduction to space-group symmetry, H. Wondratschek crystal lattices, H. Burzlaff et al point group and crystal classes, Th. Hahn and H. Klapper symmetry operations, W. Fischer et al space-group symbols and their use, H. Burzlaff and H. Zimmermann isomorphic subgroups of space groups, Y. Billiet and E.F. Bertaut lattice complexes, W. Fischer and E. Koch Euclidean and affine normalizers of space groups and their use in crystallography, E. Koch and W. Fischer.
Chemically modified, screen-printed carbon electrodes (1992)

The design, fabrication and evaluation of chemically modified screen-printed carbon electrodes is described with particular emphasis being placed on the practical details for sensor construction. This work employed cyclic and differential-pulse voltammetry, together with amperometry in stirred solutions to investigate systematically electrodes containing phthalocyanine and ferrocene-based mediators for the determination of several important biomolecules. An overview of the development of an amperometric assay using the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, and some preliminary results, for the selective determination of reduced glutathione in human whole blood is also presented.
Prevalence of serum antibodies against Saprolegnia parasitica in wild and farmed brown trout Salmo trutta (2008)

The prevalence of serum antibodies against Saprolegnia parasitica in wild and farmed brown trout Salmo trutta from the province of Le6n (NW Spain) was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood samples from healthy and Saprolegnia-infected brown trout were collected over 2 yr with a seasonal periodicity (January, April, July and October) from a hatchery and river with frequent presence of saprolegniosis (River Porma) and from a river in which the disease was rarely observed (River Omaña). The individual prevalence was 30.1%, but statistically significant differences were observed between the prevalence in trout from the hatchery (43.0%), from River Porma (31.8%) and from River Omaña (6.4%) and also between the prevalence observed in October (42.9%) and the values obtained in January (24.8%), April (22.7%) and July (27.5%). There was no difference between the seroprevalence in females (34.8%) and males (38.2%), but a positive correlation between raised serum antibody levels and larger (older) fish was found. The low prevalence of antibodies observed in Saprolegnia-infected trout (18.0%) suggests possible immune suppression and the lack of an effective specific immune response in fish with saprolegniosis.
Gene expression of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in non-small cell lung cancer. (1997)

Autonomous or continuous granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. (G-CSF)-production in malignant neoplasms is considered to induce leukocytosis without apparent infection. We examined G-CSF gene expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discussed its clinicopathological significance. Northern blot analysis revealed G-CSF gene expression in 14 of 84 surgical specimens (16.7%, 10/30 squamous cell carcinoma, 3/50 adenocarcinoma, 1/4 large cell carcinoma). Eight patients (57.1%, 8/14) with NSCLC showing G-CSF gene-expression had peripheral blood leukocytosis (> 8,000/microliter). The prognosis was significantly worse in 10 stage I or II NSCLC showing G-CSF gene expression (p < 0.01, Cox-Mantel test). These findings suggest that G-CSF gene expression is common event in the early stage of primary NSCLC, while it cannot completely explain the leukocytosis induced by lung cancer.
A 1 mW 71.5 dB SNDR 50 MS/s 13 bit Fully Differential Ring Amplifier Based SAR-Assisted Pipeline ADC (2015)

This paper presents a 13 bit 50 MS/s fully differential ring amplifier based SAR-assisted pipeline ADC, implemented in 65 nm CMOS. We introduce a new fully differential ring amplifier, which solves the problems of single-ended ring amplifiers while maintaining the benefits of high gain, fast slew based charging and an almost rail-to-rail output swing. We implement a switched-capacitor (SC) inter-stage residue amplifier that uses this new fully differential ring amplifier to give accurate amplification without calibration. In addition, a new floated detect-and-skip (FDAS) capacitive DAC (CDAC) switching method reduces the switching energy and improves linearity of first-stage CDAC. With these techniques, the prototype ADC achieves measured SNDR, SNR, and SFDR of 70.9 dB (11.5b), 71.3 dB and 84.6 dB, respectively, with a Nyquist frequency input. The prototype achieves 13 bit linearity without calibration and consumes 1 mW. This measured performance is equivalent to Walden and Schreier FoMs of 6.9 fJ/conversion ·step and 174.9 dB, respectively.
Robust Optimal Adaptive Control Method with Large Adaptive Gain (2009)

In the presence of large uncertainties, a control system needs to be able to adapt rapidly to regain performance. Fast adaptation is referred to the implementation of adaptive control with a large adaptive gain to reduce the tracking error rapidly. However, a large adaptive gain can lead to high-frequency oscillations which can adversely affect robustness of an adaptive control law. A new adaptive control modification is presented that can achieve robust adaptation with a large adaptive gain without incurring high-frequency oscillations as with the standard model-reference adaptive control. The modification is based on the minimization of the Y2 norm of the tracking error, which is formulated as an optimal control problem. The optimality condition is used to derive the modification using the gradient method. The optimal control modification results in a stable adaptation and allows a large adaptive gain to be used for better tracking while providing sufficient stability robustness. Simulations were conducted for a damaged generic transport aircraft with both standard adaptive control and the adaptive optimal control modification technique. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modification in tracking a reference model while maintaining a sufficient time delay margin.
Silicon Avalanche Based Light Emitting Diodes and Their Potential Integration into CMOS and RF Integrated Circuit Technology (2014)

Silicon Avalanche Based Light Emitting Diodes and Their Potential Integration into CMOS and RF Integrated Circuit Technology
Pd-Catalyzed Carbocyclization−Negishi Cross-Coupling Cascade:  A Novel Approach to 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> and Analogues (2005)

[reaction: see text] A mild palladium-catalyzed cascade has been used for the synthesis of the hormone 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol, 1a) and its analogues 1b and 1c. This one-pot process involves two consecutive transformations at room temperature: An initial palladium-catalyzed 6-exo-cyclocarbopalladation of vinyl triflates followed by a Negishi cross-coupling reaction with an alkenyl zinc. This novel strategy opens new possibilities for the preparation of a variety of new vitamin D analogues of therapeutic potential, particularly with modifications at the triene and/or ring-A.
Ultra-thin ultra-smooth and low-loss silver films on a germanium wetting layer (2010)

We demonstrate a method to fabricate ultra-thin, ultra-smooth and low-loss silver (Ag) films using a very thin germanium (Ge) layer as a wetting material and a rapid post-annealing treatment. The addition of a Ge wetting layer greatly reduces the surface roughness of Ag films deposited on a glass substrate by electron-beam evaporation. The percolation threshold of Ag films and the minimal thickness of a uniformly continuous Ag film were significantly reduced using a Ge wetting layer in the fabrication. A rapid post-annealing treatment is demonstrated to reduce the loss of the ultra-thin Ag film to the ideal values allowed by the quantum size effect in smaller grains. Using the same wetting method, we have also extended our studies to ultra-smooth silver-silica lamellar composite films with ultra-thin Ag sublayers.
Molecular Studies of Antigen Processing and Presentation to T Cells by Class II MHC Molecules (1989)

In contrast to antibodies, which generally recognize native protein antigens free in solution, T cells require a much more complex mechanism for antigen recognition. In general, antigen receptors on both helper and cytotoxic T cells bind to antigen only on the surface of another cell (Unanue 1984; Unanue and Allen 1987), usually after some type of metabolic processing, resulting in fragmentation and/or unfolding of the native structure (Shimonkevitz et al. 1983; Allen and Unanue 1984; Streicher et al. 1984; Berzofsky et al. 1988), and then only when the resultant processed antigen is associated with a cell-surface molecule encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the target or antigen-presenting cell (APC) (Benacerraf 1978; Rosenthal 1978). Although processing has long been thought to involve proteolysis, the details of the chemistry and intracellular pathways involved are still not fully resolved. In the case of antigen seen with class II MHC molecules, inhibitors...
Arylsulfatase B of human lung. Isolation, characterization, and interaction with slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis. (1976)

A C T Arylsulfatase B was separated from arylsulfatase A in extracts of human lung tissue by anion exchange chromatography and further purified by gel filtration and cation exchange chromatography. Arylsulfatase B of human lung was similar to that en- zyme in other tissues and species, exhibiting an apparent mol wt of approximately 60,000, a pH optimum for cleavage of 4-nitrocatechol sulfate (pNCS) of 5.5-6.0, and a sensitivity to inhibition by phosphate ions and especially pyrophosphate in the presence of NaCl. Hu- man lung arylsulfatase B inactivated slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) in a linear time-de- pendent reaction in which the rate was determined by the enzyme-to-substrate ratio. Cleavage of pNCS by human lung arylsulfatase B was competitively sup- pressed by SRS-A. The finding that human lung tissue contains predominately arylsulfatase B discloses a po- tential regulatory mechanism for inactivation of SRS-A at or near the site of its generation.
Activation of RhoA, but Not Rac1, Mediates Early Stages of S1P-Induced Endothelial Barrier Enhancement (2016)

Compromised endothelial barrier function is a hallmark of inflammation. Rho family GTPases are critical in regulating endothelial barrier function, yet their precise roles, particularly in sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-induced endothelial barrier enhancement, remain elusive. Confluent cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) or human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) were used to model the endothelial barrier. Barrier function was assessed by determining the transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) using an electrical cell-substrate impedance sensor (ECIS). The roles of Rac1 and RhoA were tested in S1P-induced barrier enhancement. The results show that pharmacologic inhibition of Rac1 with Z62954982 failed to block S1P-induced barrier enhancement. Likewise, expression of a dominant negative form of Rac1, or knockdown of native Rac1 with siRNA, failed to block S1P-induced elevations in TER. In contrast, blockade of RhoA with the combination of the inhibitors Rhosin and Y16 significantly reduced S1P-induced increases in TER. Assessment of RhoA activation in real time using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor showed that S1P increased RhoA activation primarily at the edges of cells, near junctions. This was complemented by myosin light chain-2 phosphorylation at cell edges, and increased F-actin and vinculin near intercellular junctions, which could all be blocked with pharmacologic inhibition of RhoA. The results suggest that S1P causes activation of RhoA at the cell periphery, stimulating local activation of the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions, and resulting in endothelial barrier enhancement. S1P-induced Rac1 activation, however, does not appear to have a significant role in this process.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Oral Acetylcysteine (Fabrol®) in Chronic Bronchitis: A Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Study (1984)

This multicentre, double-blind, placebo controlled, between-patient study in general practice in the United Kingdom examined the effect of oral N-acetylcysteine (Fabrol) on the symptomatology of patients with chronic bronchitis over a 3-month period. Although improvement in subjective symptoms (sputum viscosity and character, difficulty in expectoration and cough severity) occurred in both treatment groups over the trial period, improvements in difficulty in expectoration and cough severity were greater in patients receiving N-acetylcysteine compared to matching placebo. Trial medication was well tolerated, with a greater number of side-effects attributed to therapy occurring in patients receiving placebo.
Adaptive 4-8 texture hierarchies (2005)

We address the texture level-of-detail problem for extremely large surfaces such as terrain during realtime, view-dependent rendering. A novel texture hierarchy is introduced based on 4-8 refinements of raster tiles, in which the texture grids in effect rotate 45 degrees for each level of refinement. This hierarchy provides twice as many levels of detail as conventional quadtree-style refinement schemes such as mipmaps, and thus provides per-pixel view-dependent filtering that is twice as close to the ideal cutoff frequency for an average pixel. Because of this more gradual change in low-pass filtering, and due to the more precise emulation of the ideal cutoff frequency, we find in practice that the transitions between texture levels of detail are not perceptible. This allows rendering systems to avoid the complexity and performance costs of per-pixel blending between texture levels of detail. The 4-8 texturing scheme is integrated into a variant of the real-time optimally adapting meshes (ROAM) algorithm for view-dependent multiresolution mesh generation. Improvements to ROAM included here are: the diamond data structure as a streamlined replacement for the triangle bintree elements, the use of low-pass-filtered geometry patches in place of individual triangles, integration of 4-8 textures, and a simple out-of-core data access mechanism for texture and geometry tiles.
Efficacy of Gene Transfer through the Round Window Membrane: An in vitro Model (2006)

The viral vector-transgene soaked gelatin-sponge method has been shown to be successful in mediating transgene expression across an intact round window membrane (RWM) in mouse in vivo. However, there are many confounding factors which make it difficult to evaluate the role of the RWM in gene transfer. We have created an in vitro model to test the feasibility of gene delivery through an intact RWM. The round window including the bony niche of a CD1 mouse was removed under an operating microscope and fixed with adhesive on the base of a petri dish through which a hole had been drilled. Toluidine blue was injected into the niche containing a hyaluronic acid ester sponge against the round window membrane. The niche was closed with a fascia. A plastic tube containing PBS was fixed on the opposite side, from where the samples were collected at different time points. The concentration of toluidine blue was evaluated spectrophotometrically. An adenoviral vector containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker gene was injected into the niche. Samples were collected from the opposite side at different time points. The presence of the vector was studied with GFP PCR. We also modulated the permeability of the RWM by treating it with clinically applicable detergents, histamine or silver nitrate. Silver nitrate and trichloracetic acid caused destruction of the surface epithelium of the RWM as shown by light microscopy. Both toluidine blue and adenoviral vectors passed through the RWM in a time-dependent fashion. RWM cells expressed GFP after Ad-GFP treatment. The permeability of the RWM was decreased after treatment with different detergents, histamine or silver nitrate. RWM offers an atraumatic route to the inner ear. Compared with more invasive gene delivery methods, this technique represents a safer and clinically more viable route of cochlear gene delivery.
Pulmonary blood flow determined by continuous analysis of pulmonary N2O exchange (1975)

Measurement of mean pulmonary blood flow (Qp) as a function of pulmonary inert gas (N2O) uptake was studied with the aid of a mathematical model, fast response measurement of gas flow and gas concentrations at the mouth, and digital computer analysis of the data. The model treats the total pulmonary inert gas uptake as the sum of dead space, alveolar, lung tissue, and pulmonary blood flow uptakes. Analysis of any two breaths during breathing of a gas mixture (39 percent N2O, 21 percent O2, 40 percent N2 or He) in terms of the soluble (N2O) and the insoluble (N2 or He) inert gas yields two simultaneous equations with two unknowns which can be solved for Qp. No assumptions are required about the magnitude of the alveloar, dead space, or lung tissue volumes and constant FRC is not a requirement. The validity of the mathematical model and its sensitivity to known measurement errors was studied by computer simulation of respiratory gas exchange for N2O and N2. Comparison of Qp (N2O) with the direct Fick method (O2) in five anesthetized dogs showed agreement within plus or minus 20 percent. The proposed method has promise as a clinical method for determination of cardiac output on a breath-to-breath basis during regular breathing at rest or during exercise.
Research of steering angle compensation by driving speed of unmanned ground vehicle (2011)

Currently, lateral control of unmanned ground vehicle use steering angle generated by driving path made in arbiter node. However, actual driving path quite different with pre-path by input value. This paper introduces that revision method to solve above problem.
Tidal to seismic frequency investigations with a quartz accelerometer of new geometry (1970)

A wide-band, tidal to seismic frequency, accelerometer has been developed that is of simple internal geometry and low drift (<10−9 g/day). Initial tidal and earth-mode frequency investigations are described along with detailed design features and internal noise measurements.