gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Automatic Video Reinforcing System Based on Popularity Rating of Scenes and Level of Detail Controlling (2015)

With the advance of video-on-demand (VOD) services such as Netfix, users are able to watch many kinds of videos anytime and anywhere. While watching a video, recently, users often search related information about it through the Web by using mobile PC. However, users cannot satisfactorily understand and enjoy it because the video keeps playing when they search about it. It is necessary to detect various questions of the video to supplement their related information about each scene for automatic search. However, only one video includes various topics of each scene, furthermore, viewers have different levels of knowledge. Therefore, we have developed a novel automatic video reinforcing system, called TV-Binder, it generates new video contents from one video stream related to viewers' interests and knowledge by adding other related contents (i.e., YouTube videos, images or maps) and by removing unnecessary original scenes, based on topics of each scene. As a result, viewers can satisfy and joyfully watch modified video contents without searching anything. At first, our system extract topics and detect their scenes of a video stream by using closed captions. The system then searches other necessary contents and determines unwanted original scenes based on popularity rating of each original scene and level of detail (LOD) controlling under time pressure. Through this, TV-Binder can automatically generate video contents are classified into four quadrants by two axes, one is digest and detailed videos, the other one is videos for experts with knowledge about particular topics and ordinary viewers without special knowledge. In this paper, we discuss our automatic video reinforcing system and an evaluation of its effectiveness.
An investigation of the impact of Bluetooth interference on the performance of 802.11g wireless local area networks (2004)

In recent years there has been considerable interest in the development of standards for wireless local area networks. In particular, IEEE's 802.11 standard has now been extended to a family of WLAN standards. 802.11a and 802.11g both employ COFDM but operate in different frequency bands. The 802.11g physical layer standard specifies a link adaptive COFDM scheme for operation in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Operation in this ISM band will leave 802.11g vulnerable to interference from nearby Bluetooth devices. In this paper, the impact of Bluetooth interference upon the physical layer of 802.11g is investigated and methods to mitigate this impact are examined.
Wavelength modulated surface enhanced (resonance) Raman scattering for background-free detection (2013)

Spectra in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) are always accompanied by a continuum emission called the 'background' which complicates analysis and is especially problematic for quantification and automation. Here, we implement a wavelength modulation technique to eliminate the background in SERS and its resonant version, surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS). This is demonstrated on various nanostructured substrates used for SER(R)S. An enhancement in the signal to noise ratio for the Raman bands of the probe molecules is also observed. This technique helps to improve the analytical ability of SERS by alleviating the problem due to the accompanying background and thus making observations substrate independent.
Scintillator requirements for medical imaging (1999)

Scintillating materials are used in a variety of medical imaging devices. This paper presents a description of four medical imaging modalities that make extensive use of scintillators: planar x-ray imaging, x-ray computed tomography (x-ray CT), SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) and PET (positron emission tomography). The discussion concentrates on a description of the underlying physical principles by which the four modalities operate. The scintillator requirements for these systems are enumerated and the compromises that are made in order to maximize imaging performance utilizing existing scintillating materials are discussed, as is the potential for improving imaging performance by improving scintillator properties.
Varenicline and bupropion sustained-release combination therapy for smoking cessation (2009)

Combination therapy with varenicline and bupropion SR may be effective for increasing smoking abstinence rates above that observed with monotherapy.
Inflammation in Peritoneal Dialysis (2010)

During peritoneal dialysis, peritoneal cells are repeatedly exposed to a non-physiological hypertonic environment with high glucose content and low pH. Current sterile dialysis solutions cause inflammation in the submesothelial compact zone that leads to fibrosis, neoangiogenesis, progressive increases in solute transfer and even ultrafiltration failure. The peritoneal dysfunction will further be amplified with the development of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells and the dissipation of the osmotic driving force through increased area and solute transport that accompanied neoangiogenesis of the submesothelial microvasculature. The alteration in the peritoneal membrane will further be aggravated by peritonitis, advanced glycation end-products and glucose degradation products. Finally, there are emerging new data supporting a pro-inflammatory role of peritoneal adipocytes.
A new selective medium for isolating Listeria spp. from heavily contaminated material (1988)

Food-associated outbreaks of human listeriosis have emphasized the importance and necessity of screening food for the presence of Listeria isolates-selective agar medium combining acriflavine (10 mg/liter) with ceftazidime (50 mg/liter) was developed. A total of 1,099 cheese production specimens were cultured, from which 157 Listeria isolates. (14.3%) grew. When compared with modified McBride agar, the acriflavine-ceftazidime agar recovered more Listeria isolates (98 versus 65%, P less than 0.001) more rapidly (57% after 48 h of incubation of the enrichment broth versus 35%, P less than 0.01) and in greater amounts. Acriflavine-ceftazidime selective agar medium proved to be a highly sensitive medium to recover Listeria spp. from heavily contaminated food products.
Paracrine and autocrine regulation of human melanocyte and melanoma cell growth by transforming growth factor beta in vitro. (1995)

It has been considered that the growth of human melanoma cells is positively and negatively regulated by transforming growth factors. To investigate further the role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in melanoma biology, we analysed paracrine and autocrine growth regulatory properties of TGF-beta in normal human melanocytes and malignant melanoma cell lines in vitro. Exogenously added TGF-beta 1 potently inhibited normal melanocyte proliferation and DNA-synthesis in all cultures examined; in contrast, TGF-beta 1 inhibited only moderately or not at all the growth of cultured melanoma cells. Melanoma cell lines established from metastatic lesions were found to be less sensitive to TGF-beta 1 than those derived from primary melanomas. TGF-beta 1 resistance correlated with high levels of active TGF-beta secreted by metastatic cell lines. Inactivation of endogenously produced TGF-beta by neutralizing anti-TGF-beta antibody resulted in the stimulation of cell proliferation of a TGF-beta-sensitive primary melanoma cell line but not of a resistant metastatic one. These findings suggest that TGF-beta may function as a paracrine and autocrine growth inhibiting factor in the growth regulation of human melanocytic cells. The gradual loss of response of melanocytic cells to TGF-beta during malignant progression suggests that escape of melanoma cells from growth regulation by TGF-beta could be involved in melanoma oncogenesis.
Anti-Dirt Property of Hot-Wire Air Flow Meter (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Hitachi has recently developed a hot-wire air flow meter which uses a temperature-sensitive resistor of an extremely thin platinum wire wound around a ceramic bobbin and coated with glass. This temperature-sensitive resistor, or a hot wire, is located in a bypass of the intake air passage of an engine and responds exactly for the effective control of engine operation. The flow meter of this construction is sturdy enough to withstand impacts of backfires and vibration and reduces variation in engine output characteristic likely to be caused by dust and dirt present in the intake air. Furthermore, this device requires no cleaning or other maintenance.</div>
Attempts to immunize sheep against Haemonchus contortus using a cocktail of recombinant proteases derived from the protective antigen, H-gal-GP (2010)

The objective of this study was to determine whether an antigen cocktail containing recombinantly expressed versions of most of the protective proteases of H-gal-GP, a known protective antigen from Haemonchus contortus, would confer any protection to lambs in a vaccine-challenge trial. Haemonchus contortus metalloendopeptidases, MEP1, MEP3 and MEP4, were expressed as soluble recombinant proteins in insect cells, but attempts to express the H. contortus aspartyl proteases, PEP1 and PEP2, by the same techniques were not successful. Recombinant H. contortus PEP1 was therefore expressed in Escherichia coli and refolded. Groups of sheep were immunized thrice with either native H-gal-GP, a cocktail of recombinantly expressed proteins (rMEP1, rMEP3, rMEP4 and rPep1), or adjuvant only (QuilA in PBS). All sheep were challenged with 5000 infective larvae 1 week after the final vaccination. High levels of serum antibodies that recognized H-gal-GP were detected in both the native antigen and recombinant cocktail-immunized groups by the time of challenge, but protective immunity was only observed in the group immunized with native H-gal-GP.
Integrated Ambient Light Sensor With Nanocrystalline Silicon on a Low-Temperature Polysilicon Display Panel (2009)

A novel integrated ambient light sensor using nanocrystalline silicon fabricated using low-temperature polysilicon technology has been developed on a display panel. The photosensing structure of the silicon nanocrystals embedded in a dielectric film sandwiched between the bottom metal and top indium-thin-oxide electrodes perfectly eliminates backlight noise, which is a problem typical of conventional p-i-n photodiodes integrated into a liquid-crystal display. Experimental results indicate that the Si-nanocrystal photosensor has better performances in dark current and quantum efficiency than those of the p-i-n diode. The Si-nanocrystal photosensor also exhibited response linearity and speed comparable to the p-i-n diode. In terms of long-term operation and reliability, the lifetime of the Si-nanocrystal photosensor is roughly two orders longer than that of the p-i-n diode. The Si-nanocrystal ambient light sensor has considerable flexibility in the design of spectrum, geometry, and the readout circuit, which is achieved by adjusting the nanocrystal size and applying a vertical stacking structure. The Si-nanocrystal photosensor can be a promising low-cost PMOS-only solution for various photosensing applications on display panels.
FILTERING OF THE COLOR IMAGES DISTORTED BY IMPULSE NOISE (2001)

The paper deals with color image filtering distorted by impulsenoise. The component, transformation, and vector filtering areanalyzed. The filters are evaluated besides the classical criteria(mean absolute error and mean square error), and by the colordifference criterion. Moreover, use of the impulse detectors in thecolor image filtration is analyzed.
Improved activity of SnO for the photocatalytic oxygen evolution (2017)

SnO prepared by soft chemistry exhibits a black color and semiconducting properties. The X-ray diffraction indicates a tetragonal symmetry (SG: P4/nmm) with nano crystallites of an average size of 85 nm. The forbidden band, determined from the diffuse reflectance is found to be 1.46 eV. The electrical conductivity occurs by polaron hopping and follows an Arrhenius type law with activation energy of 0.21 eV, the change in the slope at 526 K is attributed to the oxidation to SnO2. The photo-electrochemical study shows n type conduction with a flat band potential of −0.45 V, close to the photocurrent onset potential (−0.40 V). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows the bulk contribution of SnO (Rb = 1.7 kΩ cm2) and decreases down to 1.89 kΩ cm2 under illumination. The photocatalytic properties have been evaluated for the first time for to the oxygen evolution. The valence band, deriving from Sn2+: 5p orbital with a potential (−0.80 VSCE/5.55 eV), is suitably positioned with respect to O2/H2O level (∼0.6 VSCE), leading to water oxidation under visible light. The best performance occurs at pH ∼ 7 with an oxygen liberation rate of 23 µmol mL h−1 (mg catalyst)−1 and a quantum efficiency of 1.2%. An improvement of ∼13% is observed on the system SnO/clay.
Single-beat estimation of the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation in the human left ventricle. (1991)

This study assessed a new method of estimating the slope (Ees) of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR) from a single beat of the human heart. Left ventricular pressure was recorded with a high-fidelity micromanometer in patients with heart disease during left ventriculography. Peak isovolumic pressure at the end-disastolic volume was estimated by a curve-fitting technique from an isovolumic left ventricular pressure curve. The ESPVR line was drawn from the estimated peak isovolumic pressure-volume point tangential to the left upper corner of the pressure-volume loop. The slope of this estimated ESPVR line from single-beat analysis was compared with the slope of the ESPVR line obtained from three pressure-volume loops in 16 patients given angiotensin II or nitroglycerin infusion. The estimated Ees was 5.0 +/- 2.2 mm Hg/ml/m2, and the conventional Ees was 4.9 +/- 2.7 mm Hg/ml/m2. The estimated Ees showed a positive correlation with the conventional Ees (r = 0.91, p less than 0.001, SEE = 1.2 mm Hg/ml/m2). In the other 13 patients, after dobutamine infusion (5 micrograms/kg/min i.v.) the estimated Ees increased significantly from 5.6 +/- 1.4 to 7.4 +/- 2.0 mm Hg/ml/m2 (p less than 0.01). Thus, the estimated Ees approximated the conventional Ees and was sensitive to a positive inotropic intervention. We conclude that this single-beat analysis method facilitates assessment of the beat-by-beat ESPVR of the human heart.
BIGPROBE: a computer program that predicts the sequence of long oligonucleotide probes with high reliability (1988)

We have written a computer program, BIGPROBE, which facilitates the design of long nucleic acid probes from the partial or complete amino acid sequence of a protein. BIGPROBE relies upon information on codon usage, intercodon dinucleotide frequency, and potential probe self-complementarity. We have examined the accuracy with which the program predicts coding sequences using sample human and rat genes and probe lengths of 30-60 nucleotides. Rat probe sequences selected by BIGPROBE using either codon usage or dinucleotide frequency data alone averaged 86-92% homology with the known exons of the corresponding gene sequences. Predictive accuracy with rat gene probes could be improved to 89-94%, depending upon probe length, by applying codon usage and dinucleotide frequency data in combination. Similar accuracy was achieved for human genes.
Structural Comparison of Human Anti-HIV-1 gp120 V3 Monoclonal Antibodies of the Same Gene Usage Induced by Vaccination and Chronic Infection (2018)

Elucidating the structural basis of antibody (Ab) gene usage and affinity maturation of vaccine-induced Abs can inform the design of immunogens for inducing desired Ab responses in HIV vaccine development. Analyses of monoclonal Abs (MAbs) encoded by the same immunoglobulin genes at different stages of maturation can help to elucidate the maturation process. We have analyzed four human anti-V3 MAbs with the same VH1-3*01 and VL3-10*01 gene usage. Two MAbs, TA6 and TA7, were developed from a vaccinee in the HIV vaccine phase I trial DP6-001 with a polyvalent DNA prime/protein boost regimen, and two others, 311-11D and 1334, were developed from HIV-infected patients. The somatic hypermutation (SHM) rates in VH of vaccine-induced MAbs are lower than in chronic HIV infection-induced MAbs, while those in VL are comparable. Crystal structures of the antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) in complex with V3 peptides show that these MAbs bind the V3 epitope with a new cradle-binding mode and that the V3 β-hairpin lies along the antigen-binding groove, which consists of residues from both heavy and light chains. Residues conserved from the germ line sequences form specific binding pockets accommodating conserved structural elements of the V3 crown hairpin, predetermining the Ab gene selection, while somatically mutated residues create additional hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and van der Waals contacts, correlating with an increased binding affinity. Our data provide a unique example of germ line sequences determining the primordial antigen-binding sites and SHMs correlating with affinity maturation of Abs induced by vaccine and natural HIV infection.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Understanding the structural basis of gene usage and affinity maturation for anti-HIV-1 antibodies may help vaccine design and development. Antibodies targeting the highly immunogenic third variable loop (V3) of HIV-1 gp120 provide a unique opportunity for detailed structural investigations. By comparing the sequences and structures of four anti-V3 MAbs at different stages of affinity maturation but of the same V gene usage, two induced by vaccination and another two by chronic infection, we provide a fine example of how germ line sequence determines the essential elements for epitope recognition and how affinity maturation improves the antibody's recognition of its epitope.
Postrouting Optimization of the Working Clock Frequency of Single-Flux-Quantum Circuits (2020)

With the emergence of large-scale single-flux-quantum (SFQ) circuits, it is desirable to offload heavy routing tasks to automated electronic design automation (EDA) tools. The unique characteristic of SFQ circuits is that large clock distribution networks are generally required to pass the clock signal to clocked cells subject to limited fanout drive capability of the intervening clock buffers. This scenario results in a huge challenge to control the clock skew and minimize the signal path delays in an SFQ circuit during the routing step. Values of the clock skew and path delays determine not only the maximum working frequencies but also whether or not there are hold time violations. However, it is not necessary to develop a timing-driven routing tool specifically for SFQ circuits from scratch because the number of the paths that set the maximum clock frequencies or give rise to hold time violations is generally very small. Thus, we present a novel postrouting optimization framework that augments standard maze routing tools by adding the capability of reducing path lengths to maximize the working frequency of the chip and meandering paths to avoid hold time violations. A framework is developed in which machine learning is applied to analyze wire distributions and a maze routing algorithm is used to reroute targeted paths. Based on the MIT-LL SFQ5ee process technology, we demonstrate that our framework can improve the minimum working frequency by 7$\%$ on average over the state-of-the-art EDA routing tool for a suite of 14 SFQ circuits while fixing all hold time violations.
APORTACIONS AL CONEIXEMENT DELS ORTÒPTERS (INSECTA: ORTHOPTERA) DE LA GARROTXA I L'ALTA GARROTXA (GIRONA, ESPANYA) (2008)

Es donen a coneixer noves cites d'ortopters per la comarca de la Garrotxa i l'espai d'interes natural
de l'Alta Garrotxa. Se citen 6 taxons nous per la Garrotxa, 1 nova especie per l'Alt Emporda i 17
especies noves per l'Alta Garrotxa. Aixi mateix, es comenten aspectes sobre la seva biologia, ecologia i
fenologia observada al camp. Es discuteix la importancia de les deteccions sonores i l'estudi i enregistrament
de les estridulacions.
a-Si:H films deposited at high rates in a 'VHF' silane plasma: potential for low-cost solar cells (1988)

The very-high-frequency glow discharge (VHF-GD) is a high-rate deposition method for amorphous silicon based on the use of plasma excitation frequencies in the range 30-150 MHz. Thereby the high-energy tail of the electron energy density function is enhanced, increasing the deposition rate R, without a corresponding increase in electric field and ion bombardment. An extensive set of optoelectronic properties ( sigma /sub dark/, E/sub a/, sigma p/sub h/, CPM, PDS, TOF, SSPG, steady-state Hecht plot) is presented for samples prepared by VHF-GD for the above frequency range and R approximately=12-15 AA/s. Emphasized are hole transport properties. With values of ( mu /sup D/ tau /sup t/)/sub h/ by TOF (time of flight) around 3*10/sup -10/ but up to approximately=5*10/sup -9/ cm/sup 2//V, VHF-GD is judged to be adequate for solar-cell applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic Social Network Analysis Using Latent Space Model and an Integrated Clustering Algorithm (2009)

Social network can be generally defined as a group of individuals who are connected by a set of relationships. A key characteristic of social networks is their continual change. However, the bulk of the analysis methods developed and popularized in the field of computer were static in that all information about the time that social interactions take place is discarded. Although recently there is some work on dynamic social network analysis, these studies have some weakness. In this paper, we proposed a new unified framework that enable to analysis of dynamic social network and that make use of the dynamic information of the social interactions. In contrast to most existing models, which only modeling relationships that change over time while not identifying the cluster, or vice versa. Our approach based on latent space and a two phases clustering method. It can accurately identify the cluster (and the core actors) at each time-step, and also observe the moving trend of actor's positions (the change history of the structure of the social network). The experimental result on a real-life dataset shows a very encouraging analysis performance, and demonstrates the ability of the proposed framework on analysis of dynamic social network.
Simple Control Strategies for dv/dt Reduction in SiC MOSFET based Modular Multilevel Converters (2019)

This paper proposes a simple control strategy for the dv/dt reduction in the modular multilevel converters (MMCs) based motor drives. In particular, the control strategy aims at the reduction of the MMC output voltage slew rate by coordinating the switching transients of several submodules. It is realized via utilizing extra submodules or simply applying a delay time to the switching transients. Both methods are implemented without affecting the switching speed of the power devices. Thus, the methods could mitigate the drawbacks caused by the high dv/dt while maintaining the advantages brought about by the fast switching speed of the silicon carbide (SiC) devices. The simulation results and test results based on a SiC MMC are provided. It is shown that the proposed control methods bring down the output dv/dt by around 50 %.