gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Analysis in Swine Associates Corneal Graft Rejection with Donor-Recipient Mismatches in Three Novel Histocompatibility Regions and One Locus Homologous to the Mouse H-3 Locus (2016)

In rodents, immune responses to minor histocompatibility antigens are the most important drivers of corneal graft rejection. However, this has not been confirmed in humans or in a large animal model and the genetic loci are poorly characterised, even in mice. The gene sequence data now available for a range of relevant species permits the use of genome-wide association (GWA) techniques to identify minor antigens associated with transplant rejection. We have used this technique in a pre-clinical model of corneal transplantation in semi-inbred NIH minipigs and Babraham swine to search for novel minor histocompatibility loci and to determine whether rodent findings have wider applicability. DNA from a cohort of MHC-matched and MHC-mismatched donors and recipients was analysed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The level of SNP homozygosity for each line was assessed. Genome-wide analysis of the association of SNP disparities with rejection was performed using log-likelihood ratios. Four genomic blocks containing four or more SNPs significantly linked to rejection were identified (on chromosomes 1, 4, 6 and 9), none at the location of the MHC. One block of 36 SNPs spanned a region that exhibits conservation of synteny with the mouse H-3 histocompatibility locus and contains the pig homologue of the mouse Zfp106 gene, which encodes peptide epitopes known to mediate corneal graft rejection. The other three regions are novel minor histocompatibility loci. The results suggest that rejection can be predicted from SNP analysis prior to transplant in this model and that a similar GWA analysis is merited in humans.
A novel dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for multi-OLT and multi-wavelength PON-based hybrid networks (2014)

A passive optical network (PON) combines multiple service providers' in a ubiquitous city (u-City) without suffering from a bandwidth bottleneck. Multiple optical line terminals (multi-OLT) PON-based hybrid network effectively reduces the computational complexity of data packet processing of multiple service providers having different packet lengths and data rates. However, in the future u-Cities huge number of service providers, e.g., fiber to the home, wireless sensor network, femto networks, and video on demand, will be installed to provide several services. In this regards, only addition of multiple OLTs for multiple service providers are not enough to get the optimum performance from this hybrid network. In this paper, we propose a new dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm for improving the bandwidth sharing efficiency and reducing the time jitter in the upstream channel. Performance of this new DBA algorithm also analyzes for a multi-OLT PON-based hybrid networks where a group of service providers will be connected to an optical network unit (ONU) with individual uplink wavelengths. In contrast, the other groups of service providers will be connected to the other ONUs with different wavelengths and every ONU will be shared by the multiple service providers. In the central office, multiple OLTs will handle the data packets of the multiple service providers. In the proposed DBA algorithm, all the service providers have been divided into two groups on the basis of the maximum packet length of each service provider while all the ONUs are also divided into two groups, i.e., heavily and lightly loaded ONUs, depending on the accumulated data traffics. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides less end to end delay and jitter with higher throughput than the conventional PON-based hybrid networks with the limited service (LS) DBA algorithm. The overall throughput of the proposed scheme has been increased more than 80% at the highest offered load of the network than that of the conventional LS scheme.
Pipeline corrosion and cathodic protection. Third ed (1984)

This update of Marshall Parker's classic text contains the latest ''hands on'' information available for taking measurements and making the calculations necessary for cathodic protection of buried pipe lines. Essentially a practical field manual, it is a simple and direct introduction to the fundamentals of a complex subject. Contents are: soil resistivity surveys; potential surveys; line currents, current requirement surveys, rectifier systems for coated lines; ground bed design and installation, galvanic anodes on coated lines, hot spot protection, bond protection; stray current electrolysis, interference; operation and maintenance; coating inspection and testing; fundamentals of underground corrosion; basic principles of cathodic protection; tables of properties and metals; and attenuation equations.
Presence of hemoglobin inside aortic endothelial cells after cell-free hemoglobin administration in guinea pigs (1999)

The endothelium is the production site of several potent vasoactive factors that contribute to the modulation of the vascular tone. Because hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) have been demonstrated to cause vasoconstriction and thereby increase arterial pressure by interacting with endothelium-derived factors such as nitric oxide and endothelin-1, we hypothesized that hemoglobin could penetrate into the endothelial cells. Therefore, we investigated the presence of hemoglobin into guinea pig aortic endothelial cells by immunohistochemical staining after exchange transfusion with a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier. Despite the large molecular size of HBOC due to chemical modifications designed to prevent hemoglobin subunit dissociation and extravascular leakage, hemoglobin was detectable by immunohistochemical staining into the endothelial cells. These findings suggest that the vascular endothelial cells could uptake hemoglobin by endocytosis mechanisms or could help hemoglobin to cross the endothelial barrier toward media by transcytosis mechanisms. These findings are very important to lead future investigations to the mechanisms by which HBOC cause vasoconstriction.
Diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. (1999)

Endometriosis is a progressive disease affecting 5 to 10 percent of women. It can cause dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, low back pain and infertility. A definitive diagnosis can be made only by means of laparoscopy. Medical treatment designed to interfere with ovulation generally provides effective pain relief, but the recurrence rate following cessation of therapy is high, and this type of treatment will not resolve infertility. Surgical treatment improves pregnancy rates and is the preferred initial treatment for infertility caused by endometriosis. Surgery also appears to provide better long-term pain relief than medical treatment. Bilateral oophorectomy and hysterectomy are treatment options for patients with intractable pain, if childbearing is no longer desired.
A Data And Voice System For The General Service Telephone Network (1987)

This paper describes a low cost system that simul-taneously provides a data and a voice channel over a standard general service telephone network (GSTN) 2-wire connection. Time domain harmonic scaling (TDHS) [1] is used to frequency compress the voice signal. Data rates up to 1200 bits/s full-duplex have been achieved using a low complexity quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) algorithm. A real-time implementation has been built using three TMS32010 DSP chips for full-duplex operation.
체육학 연구에서 질문지 번역과 타당도 제고를 위한 절차 (2003)

타 문화권에서 개발된 질문지를 우리 문화에서 사용할 때에는 번역뿐만 아니라 번역본의 타당도에 대한 세밀한 점검이 요구된다. 그럼에도 불구하고 단순히 번역에만 의존했거나, 번역 과정과 타당도의 점검 절차를 소홀히 했던 것이 우리의 연구 현실이었다. 또한 번역본의 개발과 타당도의 확인 절차는 연구마다 크게 차이가 나며, 표준이 되는 절차와 방법이 제시되지 않아 연구자가 혼란을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 비교문화적 관점에서 타 문화권에서 개발된 질문지를 우리 문화에 적합하도록 도입하는 절차를 논의하였다. 먼저 에믹과 에틱 개념을 이용하여 질문지의 단순 번역이 초래할 수 있는 논리적 한계에 대해서 알아보았다. 이어서 질문지의 번역과 타당고 검토를 위한 개념적, 통계적 절차를 번역본 준비, 번역본 검토, 예비조사, 타당도 점검, 신뢰도 점검, 규준 작성의 6단계로 구분하여 제시하였다. 마지막으로, 타 문화권에서 개발된 질문지를 번역하여 사용할 때 요구되는 필수 점검사항을 제시하였으며, 체육학 학위분야에서 사용 빈도가 높은 기존 번역 질문지에 대한 재검토의 필요성과 함께 질문지 번역사용에 따른 연구자의 책임에 대해 논의하였다.
Permeation Selectivity by Competition in a Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channel (1995)

Permeation selectivity was studied in two human potassium channels, Kv2.1 and Kv1.5, expressed in a mouse cell line. With normal concentrations of potassium and sodium, both channels were highly selective for potassium. On removal of potassium, Kv2.1 displayed a large sodium conductance that was inhibited by low concentrations of potassium. The channel showed a competition mechanism of selectivity similar to that of calcium channels. In contrast, Kv1.5 displayed a negligible sodium conductance on removal of potassium. The observation that structurally similar potassium channels show different abilities to conduct sodium provides a basis for understanding the structural determinants of potassium channel selectivity.
A COMPARISON OF ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS' STABILITY IN A LIME‐LEMON FLAVORED CARBONATED BEVERAGE (2002)

Abstract Three intense sweeteners, aspartame, acesulfame‐K and sucralose, were incorporated singly in lime‐lemon flavored carbonated beverage in optimized concentrations on a sucrose equivalence basis at controlled pH conditions. The beverages were stored for 60 days at 4, 27 and 37C and the sweetener concentration determined by HPLC. The loss of aspartame was maximum (29.5%) while that of sucralose was minimum (1.9%) at the end of 60 days' storage at 37C. In the case of acesulfame‐K, the loss was 6.1%. Sucralose was more stable than the other sweeteners.
Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Succinate, Butyrolactone, and Trifluoromethyl Derivatives by Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Tetrasubstituted Olefins (2019)

A highly efficient iridium N,P-ligand-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of functionalized tetrasubstituted olefins lacking a directing group has been developed. Various structural diverse chiral succinate derivatives were obtained in high yields and excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities (up to 99% ee) using 0.5–1.0 mol % catalyst loadings. This stereoselective reaction is applicable for the synthesis of chiral acyclic molecules (up to >99% ee) having two contiguous stereogenic centers and is compatible with various aromatic, aliphatic, and heterocyclic systems, a variety of functional groups of different electronic nature. Furthermore, this asymmetric protocol allows a short enantioselective route to the butyrolactone building block, an intermediate in the synthesis of anticancer agent BMS-871 and pharmaceuticals (2S)-(−)-Verapamil and (2S)-(−)-Gallopamil.
Cancer resistance in the blind mole rat is mediated by concerted necrotic cell death mechanism (2012)

Blind mole rats Spalax (BMR) are small subterranean rodents common in the Middle East. BMR is distinguished by its adaptations to life underground, remarkable longevity (with a maximum documented lifespan of 21 y), and resistance to cancer. Spontaneous tumors have never been observed in spalacids. To understand the mechanisms responsible for this resistance, we examined the growth of BMR fibroblasts in vitro of the species Spalax judaei and Spalax golani . BMR cells proliferated actively for 7–20 population doublings, after which the cells began secreting IFN-β, and the cultures underwent massive necrotic cell death within 3 d. The necrotic cell death phenomenon was independent of culture conditions or telomere shortening. Interestingly, this cell behavior was distinct from that observed in another long-lived and cancer-resistant African mole rat, Heterocephalus glaber , the naked mole rat in which cells display hypersensitivity to contact inhibition. Sequestration of p53 and Rb proteins using SV40 large T antigen completely rescued necrotic cell death. Our results suggest that cancer resistance of BMR is conferred by massive necrotic response to overproliferation mediated by p53 and Rb pathways, and triggered by the release of IFN-β. Thus, we have identified a unique mechanism that contributes to cancer resistance of this subterranean mammal extremely adapted to life underground.
Trimethylamine as a Gas‐Phase Promoter: Highly Efficient Epoxidation of Propylene over Supported Gold Catalysts (2005)

The probable reaction pathways for propylene epoxidation with O2 and H2 in the presence of trimethylamine on trimethylsilylated Au-Ba(NO3)2/titanosilicate catalyst are discussed (see figure). The use of trimethylamine as a gas-phase promoter for nanoparticulate gold catalysts leads to a direct one-stage production of propylene oxide (PO) with steady space–time yields comparable to values for current industrial ethylene oxide production.
Photoinduced Reversible Formation of Microfibrils on a Photochromic Diarylethene Microcrystalline Surface (2006)

In a different light: A photoinduced change in surface morphology provides reversible changes in the superhydrophobic properties of a photochromic diarylethene film. The effect is achieved by the reversible formation of fine fibril structures on the coated microcrystalline surface upon irradiation by UV or visible light (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z602126_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Fast Optical Recording of Polarization Holographic Grating Based on an Azo-Dye-Doped Polymer-Ball-Type Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Film (2003)

This work reports a fast optical recording material based on an azo-dye-doped polymer-ball-type polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film. A memory polarization holographic grating is written on the film and formed in ∼2 ms using two writing beams derived from a Q-switched Nd:YAG SHG pulse laser (λw=532 nm) with duration of 20 ns and a total energy density of ∼15 mJ/cm2. The polarization grating (PG) is created from the photo-excited dye molecules. These photo-excited dye molecules undergo three-dimensional rotation, diffusion, then adsorb on the surface of the polymer balls, and finally induce the reorientation of the LCs. Polarization analysis of the PG reveals that it diffracts the linearly polarized incident light into beams with different polarizations. A model based on the Jones matrix method is also proposed and closely fits the experiment results. Experimental results indicate that the PG is electrically switched (∼3 V/µm). The PG can be erased partially by thermal treatment. We speculate that the weakly-adsorbed dyes desorb from the surfaces of the polymer balls owing to thermal disturbance, causing partial grating erasion.
70-nm-bandwidth achromatic waveguide coupler (1995)

We report a general approach to the design of broadband waveguide couplers. A double-parallel grating assembly is used to cancel the first chromatic order, and a proper choice of prism glass and base angle is made to compensate for the second chromatic order. The technique was applied to a Corning glass 7059 waveguide, and a spectral bandwidth of 70 nm was measured by the use of two complementary procedures.
All‐Polymer Bistable Resistive Memory Device Based on Nanoscale Phase‐Separated PCBM‐Ferroelectric Blends (2012)

Abstract All polymer nonvolatile bistable memory devices are fabricated from blends of ferroelectric poly(vinylidenefluoride–trifluoroethylene (P(VDF‐TrFE)) and n‐type semiconducting [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The nanoscale phase separated films consist of PCBM domains that extend from bottom to top electrode, surrounded by a ferroelectric P(VDF‐TrFE) matrix. Highly conducting poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) polymer electrodes are used to engineer band offsets at the interfaces. The devices display resistive switching behavior due to modulation of this injection barrier. With careful optimization of the solvent and processing conditions, it is possible to spin cast very smooth blend films (R rms ≈ 7.94 nm) and with good reproducibility. The devices exhibit high I on / I off ratios (≈3 × 10 3 ), low read voltages (≈5 V), excellent dielectric response at high frequencies ( ϵ r ≈ 8.3 at 1 MHz), and excellent retention characteristics up to 10 000 s.
Duraphase Penile Prosthesis-Results of Clinical Trials in 63 Patients (1990)

The Duraphase penile prosthesis was implanted in 63 patients at 4 investigative sites during clinical trials. This device is a semirigid rod that is bendable and provides good support to the erection. Mechanical complications included 4 instances of cable breakage rendering the device nonfunctional. Of 57 patients questioned 55 were pleased with the results after 4 months. Ease of insertion and exceptional bendability are other features that make this device attractive.
Rapid detection and identification of Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides melaninogenicus by immunofluorescence (1981)

Bacteroides fragilis group and Bacteroides melaninogenicus group fluorescent-antibody kits were evaluated with 188 clinical specimens and 116 fresh aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates. Fluorescent-antibody and culture results corresponded in 88% of clinical specimens of the B. fragilis group and 94% of clinical specimens of the B. melaninogenicus group. There was greater than or equal to 90% correlation for both kits with colony smears. Antigen sharing by Bacteroides bivius, Bacteroides disiens, and B. melaninogenicus was demonstrated.
A new medium voltage drive system based on ANPC-5L technology (2010)

A new medium voltage drive has been developed based on the active neutral-point clamped 5-level (ANPC-5L) topology. In the last decade three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) converters have become the industry standard in MV Drives. This configuration has proved very successful for applications where high power and high performance requirements necessitated the use of inverter grade motors and the associated costs. On the other hand, there is an increasing demand by industry for drives which can be used to increase the efficiency of standard, low cost direct online (DOL) machines. The problems of high harmonic content, high dv/dt and common mode voltage have been significantly improved in this new drive solution. The structure of the converter will be described with explanation of the multiple levels of redundancy available. The necessary conditions for regulating the neutral-point and phase (or floating) capacitor voltages will be illustrated. The highly dynamic direct torque control (DTC) method has been chosen the inverter control. The synchronous frame current regulator used for rectifier control allows for full four-quadrant operation on the network side. The mechanical design philosophy will be displayed along with the salient technical features: rectifier and inverter operating waveforms, protection concept, and ride through behavior. Finally experience in pilot installations will be reviewed.
Saccharomyces boulardii'. A Review of an Innovative Biotherapeutic Agent (1993)

Saccharomyces boulardii is a non-pathogenic yeast which has been used as both a preventive and therapeutic agent for the treatment of a variety of diarrhoeal diseases. The studies with animal models and evidence from human volunteers and patients indicate a profile which is effective in the therapy of diarrhoea and is remarkably safe for oral ingestion. The pharmacokinetic data demonstrate that 5. boulardü reaches a steady-state concentration quickly and maintains a high stable level as long as the yeast is taken daily. Once the agent is discontinued, S. boulardü is quickly eliminated from the colon. Clinical trials studying antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, nasogastric-tube alimentation diarrhoea, Clostridium difficile-disease, acute diarrhoea and chronic diarrhoea in HI V-infected patients are reviewed.
Fabrication of Low Cost CNC Engraving Machine (2018)

When the name of CNC comes up the first thing that comes in our minds is that high degree of surface finish can be achieved but also at a higher cost. Most of the conventional CNC machines available in the market are very costly. But there is an alternative available to us in the market.
Lack of Correlation between Length Variation in the DNA Polymerase γ Gene CAG Repeat and Lactic Acidosis or Neuropathy during Antiretroviral Treatment (2002)

Antiretroviral therapy, although successful in reducing HIV load and accordingly decreasing the incidence of HIV infection-related symptoms, has its drawbacks in the form of severe side effects. Recognized drug-related side effects are, for example, nausea, fatigue, lactic acidosis, neuropathy, lipodystrophy, and myopathy. Because not all patients experience these side effects, genetic factors could be involved. It is believed that the main toxicity of nucleoside analog drugs is due to a decrease in mitochondrial function, possibly by inhibition of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication. mtDNA is replicated by a multienzyme complex, the main component of which is the nuclear-encoded DNA polymerase gamma. Presently, the only known variation in the DNA polymerase gamma gene is variation in the number of CAG repeats in the second exon. To investigate whether CAG repeat expansion or mutations in the DNA polymerase gamma (POLG) gene could predispose to peripheral neuropathy or lactic acidosis, we have sequenced part of the second exon of the DNA polymerase gamma gene, containing the CAG repeat, of 59 drug-treated HIV-infected patients, 11 of whom experienced drug-induced neuropathy, and 3 of whom died from lactic acidosis. No correlation was found between numbers of CAG repeats and any of the symptoms. The coding regions of the POLG gene from the three lactic acidosis patients were then completely sequenced, but no mutations were found. In addition, no variation was detected in exons 3, 8, and 19 of seven neuropathy patients and three control subjects without symptoms. These exons were the only sites of amino acid changes between human and chimpanzee POLG genes, and were chosen as targets of tolerated variation.
Synthesis and applications of 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives as key intermediates in chemical synthesis of biomolecules (2010)

Published data on the main approaches to the formation of the heterocyclic 2-aminopyrimidine system, which is one of important pharmacophores responsible for the biological properties of its derivatives, are described systematically. Main chemical transformations of functionalized 2-aminopyrimidines and their application in the synthesis of modern pharmaceuticals are considered.
Numerical Calculation of Psychrometric Properties in SI Units (1976)

ABSTRACT THREE computer subroutines for numerical calculation of psychrometric properties are discussed. Input parameters required are wet- and dry-bulb temperatures, dew point and dry-bulb temperatures, or relative humidity and dry-bulb temperature. All results are in SI units. Restrictions on the use of certain relationships are discussed.
MP90-09 A NEW STRATEGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER BY TARGETING VASOHIBIN-2 (2016)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Recently, we isolated a novel angiogenic molecule, vasohibin-2 (VASH2) which is an intrinsic factor specifically expressed in activated vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Previous studies found that the expression of VASH2 was restricted to ECs and tumor cells. Although VASH2 promoting the angiogenesis in several cancers have been investigated, it has not been fully characterized yet that the VASH2 reflects the activity of tumor and the predictor of progression in prostate cancer (Pca). The aim of this study was to address the role of VASH2 expression and the treatment by targeting VASH2 in Pca.