gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of the 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside derivatives of the specific binding peptide part of CD4. (1991)

The 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside derivatives of the specific binding peptide part of CD4 to HIV envelope protein gp120 were synthesized.
Factors Influencing Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) and Diacetone Diperoxide (DADP) Formation: Part I (2013)

Abstract Conditions, which result in the formation of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) or diacetone diperoxide (DADP) from acetone and hydrogen peroxide (HP, were studied for the purposes of inhibiting the reaction. Reaction of HP with acetone precipitates either DADP or TATP, but the overall yield and amount of each was found to depend on (1) reaction temperature, (2) the molar ratio of acid to HP/acetone, (3) initial concentrations of reactants, and (4) length of reaction. Controlling molar ratios and concentrations of starting materials was complicated because both sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide were aqueous solutions. Temperature exercised great control over the reaction outcome. Holding all molar concentrations constant and raising the temperature from 5 to 25 °C showed an increase of DADP over TATP formation and a decrease in overall yield. At 25 °C a good yield of TATP was obtained if the HP to acetone ratio was kept between 0.5 : 1 and 2 : 1. At constant temperature and HP‐to‐acetone held at one‐to‐one ratio, acid‐to‐HP molar ratios between 0.10 : 1 and 1.2 : 1 produced good yield of TATP. Plotting the molality of HP vs. that of sulfuric acid revealed regions, in which relatively pure DADP or pure TATP could be obtained. In addition to varying reaction conditions, adulterants placed into acetone were tested to inhibit the formation of TATP. Because there is much speculation of the relative stability, sensitivity, including solvent wetting of crystals, and performance of DADP and TATP, standard tests (i.e. DSC, drop weight impact, and SSED) were performed.
Isolation and Characterization of CD133 Positive Stem Cell from Human Kidney with Renal Cell Carcinoma (2015)

Background: Stem cells are one of the rare cell populations in each tissue, whose presence is proven in different types of tissues in the human body. The purpose of this study was to carry out simultaneous investigation into renal stem cells, which are similar to stem cell populations (CD133+) in normal part of the human kidney of a patient afflicted with renal cell carcinoma.
Methods: After kidney dissection, its normal part was divided into papilla, medulla, and cortex. Then, the stem cells of each part were separately isolated. Two cell groups (A and B) were considered. Group A contained the MACS-isolated CD133+ cells and group B consisted of the cells, which had not been sorted by any markers. After enzymatic digestion, all isolated cells in both groups were cultured. The cells of each part were analyzed by flowcytometry, proliferation assay, karyotyping and gene expression.
Results: The results of the present study show that CD133+ cells are renal stem cells and they are found in every three parts of the kidney, but their frequency is higher in papilla. The cells in group B expressed cell surface marker CD44 significantly. The high expression of OCT 3/4, NANOG, SOX2 and SCA-1 genes was seen in both groups, but the expression of REX1 gene in group A was 5 times more than in group B.
Conclusion: It seems that CD133+ cells are the most original cell population found in papilla of human kidney with high frequency. The finding has explored a new horizon towards appropriate selection of stem cells subpopulations (CD133+ cell from healthy part of renal carcinoma) to be used in cellular therapeutic approaches in more defined manner.
DNA fingerprinting of the NCI-60 cell line panel (2009)

The National Cancer Institute's NCI-60 cell line panel, the most extensively characterized set of cells in existence and a public resource, is frequently used as a screening tool for drug discovery. Because many laboratories around the world rely on data from the NCI-60 cells, confirmation of their genetic identities represents an essential step in validating results from them. Given the consequences of cell line contamination or misidentification, quality control measures should routinely include DNA fingerprinting. We have, therefore, used standard DNA microsatellite short tandem repeats to profile the NCI-60, and the resulting DNA fingerprints are provided here as a reference. Consistent with previous reports, the fingerprints suggest that several NCI-60 lines have common origins: the melanoma lines MDA-MB-435, MDA-N, and M14; the central nervous system lines U251 and SNB-19; the ovarian lines OVCAR-8 and OVCAR-8/ADR (also called NCI/ADR); and the prostate lines DU-145, DU-145 (ATCC), and RC0.1. Those lines also show that the ability to connect two fingerprints to the same origin is not affected by stable transfection or by the development of multidrug resistance. As expected, DNA fingerprints were not able to distinguish different tissues-of-origin. The fingerprints serve principally as a barcodes.
THz commensurate echoes: Periodic rephasing of molecular transitions in free-induction decay (1991)

We report the first study of coherent transients excited by ultrafast pulses of THz radiation. Using a newly developed optoelectronic source of well-collimated beams of subpicosecond pulses of THz radiation to excite ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$O vapor, we have observed the subsequent emission from the vapor of coherent THz pulse trains extending to as long as 1 nsec. The origin of these subpicosecond THz pulses is a periodic rephasing, during the free-induction decay, of the more than fifty coherently excited rotational lines with commensurate transition frequencies. We term this new coherent phenomenon ``THz commensurate echoes.'' The echo repetition rate is equal to the frequency spacing between adjacent lines. From the decay and reshaping of the echoes the coherent relaxation time ${\mathit{T}}_{2}$ and the anharmonicity factor for the ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$O molecule are evaluated.
Binding of CGRP Analogs and their Effect on Adenylate Cyclase Activity in Porcine Iris-Ciliary Body (1998)

The structure-activity relationship of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the porcine iris-ciliary body was studied using different CGRP analogs. The receptor binding affinity is located mainly in the carboxyterminal end of the CGRP peptide while the ability to stimulate adenylate cyclase (AC) enzyme is mainly in the aminoterminal end of the peptide. The binding of CGRP analogs was also found to be temperature-dependent. Changes in the alpha-helical region or in the beta-turn, as well as replacements of threonine-4, asparagine-25 or asparagine-26, reduce the binding affinity already at +4 degrees C. Truncated aminoterminus, changes in the loop region between cysteines 2 and 7, and especially in threonine 6, have for their part an important role in maintaining AC-stimulating activity.
Screening of Natural Compounds for Inhibitory Activity on Colon Cancer Cell Migration. (2001)

We examined the effects of 75 kinds of natural compounds, such as alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids on the in vitro migration and proliferation of colon 26-L5 cells, in comparison with anti-cancer drugs used for chemotherapy. Twenty-three of the 75 compounds inhibited markedly tumor cell migration. Among the 23 compounds, evodiamine showed the most potent and selective inhibitory activity on tumor cell migration with an IC50 value of 1.25 microg/ml, which was about 20 times lower than that for tumor cell proliferation. The migratory inhibition reached about 70% at 10 microg/ml of evodiamine. On the other hand, most of anti-cancer drugs tested, except for paclitaxel, had little effect on tumor cell migration at the concentrations strongly inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. Paclitaxel suppressed tumor cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner and achieved about 70% inhibition at 10 microg/ml with a marginal effect on cell proliferation. These results suggest that evodiamine and paclitaxel may be regarded as leading compounds for anti-metastatic agents acting through the inhibition of tumor cell migration without cytotoxicity.
Negative visitor‐hospitality industry staff interaction: Response styles of potential employees (1995)

The role of tourism/hospitality industry management in ensuring service quality is now generally regarded as being of considerable importance. Notwithstanding this, relatively little is known about the preconceptions and expectations regarding the management role that potential tourism/hospitality industry employees bring to the workplace. This study has examined the expected problem‐solving styles of hospitality industry management when faced with a complaint about visitor‐staff conflict. The sample was drawn from school leavers in a major district community, many of whom would soon seek employment and careers in the tourism/hospitality industry. Two major problem‐solving styles were identified, one involving Investigation of the complaint, and one involving Avoidance and possibly rudeness. Major Service Quality Ideals were also identified as predictors of each management problem‐solving style. Finally, the implications of these findings for tourism/hospitality industry management and for employees are explored.
Search for Yeast Strains Suitable for Large Scale Production of Fat : Effect of Nitrogen Deficiency on Accumulation and Composition of Fat in Some Yeasts (1985)

Bose Institute, Calcutta-700 009 <em>Manuscript received 3 November 1981, accepted18 January 1985</em> Search for Yeast Strains Suitable for Large Scale Production of Fat : Effect of Nitrogen Deficiency on Accumulation and Composition of Fat in Some Yeasts.
Isolated Water Ice in an Unnamed Crater Away from the Residual North Polar Cap of Mars: The Only One? (2006)

large quantities of water ice. The water ice in the north polar region is partially covered by CO2 ice during the Martian winter and spring, and uncovered during the Martian summer and early fall, while in the south pole,
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of α-<i>C</i>-Galactosamine Derivatives via Chelation-Controlled <i>C</i>-Glycosylation (1998)

The samarium diiodide-promoted reduction of 2-deoxy-2-acetamidogalactosyl pyridyl sulfone alpha-5 with ketones or aldehydes under Barbier conditions led unexpectedly to the stereoselective synthesis of alpha-C-galactosamine derivatives in good yields. With carbonyl substrates, alpha:beta selectivities ranged from 20:1 to 5:1, and with aldehydes a stereoselectivity of approximately 5:1 was observed at C7 in favor of the S-isomer. The stereochemical preference of these C-glycosylation reactions is explained by the intermediacy of an alpha-oriented anomeric glycosyl samarium(III) compound that is stabilized via chelation of the metal ion to the C2-acetamido group.
Continuous Glucose Sensing with Fluorescent Thin-Film Hydrogels. 2. Fiber Optic Sensor Fabrication and In Vitro Testing (2006)

The combination of the anionic dye 2 and viologen-based boronic acid 1 immobilized in a 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydrogel functions well in a fiber optic configuration. This preliminary study suggests that the two-component sensing system has several advantages in terms of stability and ease of fabrication. Improvement of the configuration of the sensor and further development of the sensor towards application for in vitro study are underway.
Exogenous oxidants initiate hydrolysis of endothelial cell inositol phospholipids (1988)

Oxidants released from inflammatory cells contribute to the pathogenesis of acute inflammatory edema in many models. Chemically produced oxidants can reversibly alter the barrier properties of cultured endothelial and epithelial monolayers. This report examines the effects of nonlytic doses of H2O2 on endothelial cell lipids. H2O2 oxidized omega-6 fatty acids in the endothelial cells and initiated hydrolysis of endothelial cell phospholipids. When endothelial cells were exposed to peroxidized linoleic acid, it caused lysis of the cells at doses 1,000-fold lower than effective doses of H2O2. The phospholipid hydrolysis was directed primarily at the inositol phospholipids and consisted of both A and C type phospholipase activity. The phospholipase A hydrolysis resulted in increases in endothelial cell free fatty acids and lysophosphatidylinositol. The phospholipase C hydrolysis resulted in increases in diglycerides, phosphatidic acid, and inositol polyphosphate levels. The phospholipase C hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol is known to activate protein kinase C in most cells. Stimulation of protein kinase C with phorbol- 12,13-dibutyrate increased albumin flux across endothelial monolayers and altered endothelial cell shape, similar to effects of oxidants. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidant-initiated hydrolysis of endothelial cell inositol phospholipids contributes to oxidant-mediated reversible changes in endothelial monolayer barrier function.
Triphase Catalysis in Organometallic Anion Chemistry (1987)

The ability of both simple metal oxides and functionalized derivatives to assist in various chemical transformations is well documented. When these reactions are performed in the presence of a second insoluble reagent, a triphasic solid-liquid-solid reaction system can result. Immobilized polyethylene glycols have been shown to promote both displacement and carbonylation reactions. In those schemes where organometallic anions are produced, anionically activated alumina was found to be a superior reagent. Using the inorganic base/metal oxide combination, both dicobalt octacarbonyl and iron pentacarbonyl are converted to the corresponding metal anions. Reaction with carbon monoxide, alcohols and electrophiles such as benzyl halides and oxiranes produce the corresponding esters following a carboxyalkylation scheme. The advantages of this system include high selectivities, good yields, mild reaction conditions, and facile separations. Attempts have been made to identify the portion of the catalytic cycle which appears favorably influenced by the metal oxide surface.
Not Too Long to Read: The tldr Interface for Exploring and Navigating Large-Scale Discussion Spaces (2010)

We present a new interface for exploring and navigating large-scale discussions on the internet. Our system, tldr, focuses on three primary user goals: finding, navigating and filtering content based on the users' own relevance criteria. We employ a progressive design approach that combines user research from the popular web site Reddit.com and visualizations from existing discussion data. Based on lessons gleaned from previous research and our own user studies, we argue that the tldr interface can lessen the problems of information overload and inefficient navigation in large-scale discussion spaces. Current implementation and next steps for wider deployment are discussed.
Coherent data transmission with microresonator Kerr frequency combs (2013)

Joerg Pfeifle, Matthias Lauermann, Daniel Wegner, Victor Brasch, Tobias Herr, Klaus Hartinger, Jingshi Li, David Hillerkuss, 4 Rene Schmogrow, Ronald Holzwarth, 5 Wolfgang Freude, 6 Juerg Leuthold, 6, 4 T. J. Kippenberg, and Christian Koos 6, ∗ Institute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics (IPQ), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland Menlo Systems GmbH, 82152 Martinsried, Germany now with ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik, 85746 Garching, Germany Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
Learning, invariance, and generalization in high-order neural networks (1987)

High-order neural networks have been shown to have impressive computational, storage, and learning capabilities. This performance is because the order or structure of a high-order neural network can be tailored to the order or structure of a problem. Thus, a neural network designed for a particular class of problems becomes specialized but also very efficient in solving those problems. Furthermore, a priori knowledge, such as geometric invariances, can be encoded in high-order networks. Because this knowledge does not have to be learned, these networks are very efficient in solving problems that utilize this knowledge.
Interactions between genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450‐1B1, sulfotransferase 1A1, catechol‐o‐methyltransferase and tobacco exposure in breast cancer risk (2003)

Genetic polymorphisms of enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and estrogens might play a role in breast carcinogenesis related to environmental exposures. In a case-only study on 282 women with breast cancer, we studied the interaction effects (ORi) between smoking habits and the gene polymorphisms of Cytochrome P450 1B1 (Val432Leu CYP1B1), Phenol-sulfotransferase 1A1 (Arg213His SULT1A1) and Catechol-O-methyltransferase (Val158Met COMT). The smokers carrying the Val CYP1B1 allele associated with a high hydroxylation activity had a higher risk of breast cancer than never smokers with the Leu/Leu genotype (ORi=2.32, 95%CI: 1.00-5.38). Also, the smokers carrying the His SULT1A1 allele associated with a low sulfation activity had a 2-fold excess risk compared to never smokers carrying Arg/Arg SULT1A1 common genotype (ORi= 2.55, 95%CI: 1.21-5.36). The His SULT1A1 allele increased the risk only in premenopausal patients. The Met COMT allele with a lower methylation activity than Val COMT did not modify the risk among smokers. The excess risk due to joint effect could result from a higher exposure to activated tobacco-compounds for women homo/heterozygous for the Val CYP1B1 allele. Also, a lower sulfation of the tobacco carcinogens among women with His SULT1A1 could increase exposure to genotoxic compounds. Alternatively, the Val CYP1B1 or His SULT1A1 allele with modified ability to metabolize estrogens could increase the level of genotoxic catechol estrogen (i.e., 4-hydroxy-estradiol) among smokers. Our study showed that gene polymorphisms of CYP1B1 and SULT1A1 induce an individual susceptibility to breast cancer among current smokers.
Provitamin B <sub>5</sub> (Pantothenol) Inhibits Growth of the Intraerythrocytic Malaria Parasite (2005)

Pantothenic acid, a precursor of the crucial enzyme cofactor coenzyme A, is one of a relatively few nutrients for which the intraerythrocytic parasite has an absolute and acute requirement from the external medium. In some organisms the provitamin pantothenol can serve as a source of pantothenic acid; however, this was not the case for the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Instead, pantothenol inhibited the in vitro growth of P. falciparum via a mechanism that involves competition with pantothenate and which can be attributed to inhibition of the parasite's pantothenate kinase. Oral administration of pantothenol to mice infected with the murine parasite Plasmodium vinckei vinckei resulted in a significant inhibition of parasite proliferation. This study highlights the potential of the coenzyme A biosynthesis pathway in general, and pantothenate kinase in particular, as an antimalarial drug target.
Strong T cell tolerance in parent----F1 bone marrow chimeras prepared with supralethal irradiation. Evidence for clonal deletion and anergy. (1990)

T cell tolerance induction was examined in long-term H-2-heterozygous parent----F1 chimeras prepared with supralethal irradiation (1,300 rad). Although these chimeras appeared to be devoid of host-type APC, the donor T cells developing in the chimeras showed marked tolerance to host-type H-2 determinants. Tolerance to the host appeared to be virtually complete in four assay systems: (a) primary mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) of purified lymph node (LN) CD8+ cells (+/- IL-2); (b) primary MLR of CD4+ (CD8-) thymocytes; (c) skin graft rejection; and (d) induction of lethal graft-vs.-host disease by CD4+ cells. Similar tolerance was observed in chimeras given double irradiation. The only assay in which the chimera T cells failed to show near-total tolerance to the host was the primary MLR of post-thymic CD4+ cells. In this assay, LN CD4+ cells regularly gave a significant antihost MLR. The magnitude of this response was two- to fourfold less than the response of normal parental strain CD4+ cells and, in I-E(-)----I-E+ chimeras, was paralleled by approximately 70% deletion of V beta 11+ cells. Since marked tolerance was evident at the level of mature thymocytes, tolerance induction in the chimeras presumably occurred in the thymus itself. The failure to detect host APC in the thymus implies that tolerance reflected contact with thymic epithelial cells (and/or other non-BM-derived cells in the thymus). To account for the residual host reactivity of LN CD4+ cells and the incomplete deletion of V beta 11+ cells, it is suggested that T cell contact with thymic epithelial cells induced clonal deletion of most of the host-reactive T cells but spared a proportion of these cells (possibly low affinity cells). Since these latter cells appeared to be functionally inert in the thymus (in contrast to LN), we suggest that the thymic epithelial cells induced a temporary form of anergy in the remaining host-reactive thymocytes. This anergic state disappeared when the T cells left the thymus and reached LN.
Role of proteases in tumor invasion and metastasis. (1997)

Cancer remains a major cause of worldwide deaths due to ability of cancer cells to form secondary tumors at other sites by multistep process called metastasis. In order to migrate from their original site, tumor cells have to cross several barriers like basement membranes, interstitial tissues and extracellular matrices, which are composed primarily of collagen, proteoglycans, elastin, laminin and other glycoproteins. Tumor cells over express and secrete proteases which are capable of degrading the components of these barriers and thus facilitate their migration. The classes of proteases which have been implicated in the process of tumor invasion and metastasis include metalloproteases, serine proteases and cathepsins. Cancer cells in general have elevated levels of proteases belonging to more than one class. In some studies, process of invasion has been inhibited by using specific inhibitors of these proteases. Expression of some proteases has been observed only in some specific tumors. These proteases have been proposed to be of diagnostic/prognostic value. However a better understanding of the process of metastasis and tumor invasion is required before proteases can be used as therapeutic targets for blocking the spread of cancer.
Fallow Management in Wet Seasons (2011)

Prolonged wet weather makes it very difficult to do much on the land but if we can't use some sort of strategy to maintain the land, the problems in the years to come are very expensive ones.
Long-Run Savings and Investment Strategy Optimization (2014)

We focus on automatic strategies to optimize life cycle savings and investment. Classical optimal savings theory establishes that, given the level of risk aversion, a saver would keep the same relative amount invested in risky assets at any given time. We show that, when optimizing lifecycle investment, performance and risk assessment have to take into account the investor's risk aversion and the maximum amount the investor could lose, simultaneously. When risk aversion and maximum possible loss are considered jointly, an optimal savings strategy is obtained, which follows from constant rather than relative absolute risk aversion. This result is fundamental to prove that if risk aversion and the maximum possible loss are both high, then holding a constant amount invested in the risky asset is optimal for a standard lifetime saving/pension process and outperforms some other simple strategies. Performance comparisons are based on downside risk-adjusted equivalence that is used in our illustration.