gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced authentication and key agreement procedure of next generation evolved mobile networks (2011)

The Long Term Evolution/ System Architecture Evolution (LTE/SAE) of UMTS is one of the latest steps in an advancing series of mobile telecommunication systems. For secure communication, authentication service is one of the most essential services in these networks and guarantee that he/she is authorized for particular services. With evolution mobile networks, authentication and key agreement (AKA) protocol also has been evolved. Evolved Packet System-AKA (EPS-AKA) marks as the enhancement protocol after UMTS-AKA of 3G. This paper first analyses evolved-AKA protocol for LTE/SAE networks and compared its enhancements in contrast with UMTS-AKA, then with respect to different authentication trigger in the integrated LTE networks including: handovers, Tracking Area Update(TAU), registration and service requests introduce a new advancement protocol, which the Serving Network (SN) will be allowed to share with Home Environment (HE) during authentication, whereas in the original one, SN just has the role of broker and it just receives and sends authentication messages between MS and HE. The current 3GPP EPS-AKA has some weaknesses, such as bandwidth consumption and authentication signaling overhead between SN and HN, storage space in serving network and number of complicated hash function which computed during authentication procedure and also incomplete mutual authentication made it vulnerable to some attacks. The new proposed EPS-AKA protocol removes above weaknesses by increasing a little computation in Mobility Management Entity (MME) and generated joined authentication vectors by both MME and Home Subscriber Server/Authentication Center (HSS/AuC). The proposed scheme can satisfy security requirements and its advantages have been verified by simulation which it shows our new proposed protocol caused considerable deduction of authentication traffic load for HSS when density of MS become more.
Actinic keratosis and premalignant skin damage. (1991)

Because of the prevalence of actinic keratosis and its significance if untreated, dermatology nurses must understand the clinical characteristics, etiologies, and risks of malignant transformation of these lesions.
General and efficient multiple list traversal for concurrent fault simulation (2002)

Accuracy, generality and efficiency are critical factors when fault simulation of VLSI circuits is the target. The concurrent algorithm is the only solution when generality and accuracy is required. Its differential representation of the network status saves memory and CPU time, but due to its complexity the implementations grow in size and lose in performance as soon as higher abstraction levels are added beyond the gate one. In the paper the minimal information concept is discussed, and its applications to the key algorithms for concurrent event-driven simulation are shown. New advanced generalized techniques for multiple list traversal (MLT), trigger inhibition, fraternal event processing, list events, edge sensitive inputs, compile-driven evaluation functions, functional fault sources and clock suppression are presented for the first time in a truly unified context.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural studies of a bifunctional inhibitor of neprilysin and DPP-IV (2007)

Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is the major enzyme involved in the metabolic inactivation of a number of bioactive peptides including the enkephalins, substance P, endothelin, bradykinin and atrial natriuretic factor, as well as the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion. The activity of GLP-1 is also rapidly abolished by the serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), which led to an elevated interest in inhibitors of this enzyme for the treatment of type II diabetes. A dual NEP/DPP-IV inhibitor concept is proposed, offering an alternative strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Here, the synthesis and crystal structures of the soluble extracellular domain of human NEP (residues 52-749) complexed with the NEP, competitive and potent dual NEP/DPP-IV inhibitor MCB3937 are described.
Impaired remyelination and depletion of oligodendrocyte progenitors does not occur following repeated episodes of focal demyelination in the rat central nervous system (2003)

It has been hypothesized that the progressive failure of remyelination in chronic multiple sclerosis is, in part, the consequence of repeated episodes of demyelination at the same site, eventually depleting oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and exhausting the remyelinating capacity. We investigated the effect of previous focal, ethidium bromide-induced demyelination of brain stem white matter (with intervening recovery) on the efficiency of the remyelination process during second and third subsequent episodes of demyelination, and the OPC response during a second episode of demyelination. Previous focal demyelinating lesions followed by recovery did not result in any retardation of the remyelination process, nor did they alter the proportion of Schwann cell versus oligodendrocyte remyelination. The OPC response during remyelination was quantified by in situ hybridization using a probe to platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor (PDGF alpha R), an OPC-expressed mRNA. Following recovery from focal, toxin-induced CNS demyelination, the OPC density returned to levels equivalent to those in normal white matter. Further more, there was no depletion of OPCs following repeated episodes of focal, toxin-induced CNS demyelination at the same site. These results indicate that repeated CNS demyelination, which has the opportunity to repair in the intervening period, is not characterized by impaired remyelination or depletion of OPCs.
Strong magnetocaloric effects in La1−zCez(Fex−yMnySi1−x)13 at low temperatures (2006)

The Curie temperature TC of La1−zCez(Fex−yMnySi1−x)13 is decreased by adjusting the composition, and hence the itinerant-electron metamagnetic transition is observed at 5K in La0.75Ce0.25(Fe0.850Mn0.035Si0.110)13 after zero-field cooling. As a result, the La1−zCez(FexMnySi1−x)13 compounds exhibit strong magnetocaloric effects in relatively low magnetic fields in a wide range of temperatures between about 19 and 180K. Consequently, the La1−zCez(Fex−yMnySi1−x)13 compounds are useful for the magnetic refrigerants working at low temperatures.
开家“大头家贴”，小本生大利 (2008)

老婆最近闲得发慌，一个劲儿地撺掇我为她投资一家花店，我说不行，开花店就必需掌握保鲜技术，而且风险大。后来她又狮子大开口，要开间酒吧，吓得我差点儿没晕过去。就我手头那点儿本钱，别说开酒吧，就是像样的洋酒都买不回几瓶。最后，老婆郑重其事地告诉我，她决定开家大头贴店。这个想法倒不错，想来成本也不会太高。
Plasma from patients with idiopathic and human immunodeficiency virus- associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura induces apoptosis in microvascular endothelial cells (1996)

The pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is obscure. It is manifested classically by platelet thrombi and localized microvascular endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, in the absence of an inflammatory response. It is statistically associated with human retroviral disease, but pathological studies of TTP lesions have been unable to establish whether perturbation of the endothelium is a primary or secondary event, irrespective of the presence of retroviral infection. We document that plasma from all of four acute TTP patients, with or without human immunodeficiency virus infection, can induce apoptosis in cultured ECs of microvascular but not large vessel origin. This process was documented by three different methods, (1) laser-illuminated light scatter, (2) quantitation of the pre-G1 Ao peak on DNA histograms and direct visualization of chromatin fragmentation by acridine orange and 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and (3) agarose gel electrophoresis of low molecular weight cellular DNA. Apoptosis was independent of tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion or the presence of CD36 on microvascular ECs but was linked to the rapid induction of Fas (CD95) on these cells. Soluble anti-Fas antibody, normal plasma depleted of cryoprecipitate, and low concentrations (< or = 0.1 micromol/L) of aurintricarboxylic acid were capable of suppressing TPP plasma-mediated EC apoptosis. In conclusion, microvascular EC apoptosis may be of pathophysiological importance in TTP may be susceptible to interruption by blockade of initiating signals for, or final common enzyme pathways leading to, programmed cell death.
Multiple attenuation using an apex-shifted Radon transform (2003)

Multiples from sea-floor scatterers and peg-leg multiples in complex<br>geology are often resistant to conventional multiple removal<br>techniques such as Radon demultiple. They have a<br>complicated moveout behaviour in prestack gathers which can only be<br>approximately represented by a conventional parabolic or<br>hyperbolic Radon decomposition.
The Rh Blood Groups (1993)

In1939,LevineandStetson(1)describedafatalcaseofhemolyticdiseaseofthenewborn(HDN). Thewomanwhohadbeendeliveredofthestillbornfetushadahemolytictransfusionreaction whenshewassubsequentlytransfusedwithbloodfromtheinfant'sfather.Thereportdidnot claimthatthematernalantibodywasresponsiblefortheinfant'sdeath,norwastheantibody givenaname.In1940,LandsteinerandWiener(2)describedanantibodymadeinguineapigs andrabbitsinresponsetoinjectionsofredbloodcells(RBCs)fromrhesusmonkeys.Theanti-rh reactedvisiblywiththeRBCsofsome85%ofhumans.Inthesameyear,WienerandPeters(3) reportedthatwhatappearedtobeanantibodywiththesamespecificity,whenmadeinhumans, causedhemolytictransfusionreactions.In1941,Levineetal.(4-6)publishedaseriesofreports aboutHDNandcorrectlyimplicatedthematernalantibodyasthecausativeagentofRBC destruction.TheantibodiesstudiedbyLevineandcolleagues(1,4)appearedtohavethesame specificityasthoseraisedinanimalsbyLandsteinerandWiener(2)andtheexamplesfromhumans studiedbyWienerandPeters(3).Althoughitisnowknownthatthehumanantibodieswere anti-Rh0(anti-D)anditiswidelybelievedthattheanti-rhmadeinanimalswerewhatwaslater (7)calledanti-LW,thereisnodoubtthatthereportscitedaboverepresentdiscoveryofthehuman Rhbloodgroupsystem.Althoughithasbeenpointedout(8)thatasearlyas1932,Buchbinder (9)wasstudyingantibodiesmadeinanimalsinjectedwithrhesusmonkeyRBCs,examinationof thereportofthatworksuggests(atleasttothisauthor)thatnocleardifferentiationwasachieved betweenthespeciesantibodiesthatwouldhavebeenpresentintheanimals'seraandanti-rh,if indeedthatantibodywasraised.BecauseBuchbinderwasworkinginLandsteiner'slaboratory, itseemsreasonabletoconcludethatthe1940report(2)describedextensionoftheearlierstudies.II.RhANTIGENSANDPHENOTYPES
Hello Ego, Goodbye Chekhov (2011)

My God, suicidal Konstantin is seventeen years old! What is it with his hair? And what is that strange costume he is wearing? Late last year the Sydney Theatre Company produced an Andrew Upton adaptation of Uncle Vanya. On stage at the Sydney Theatre Cate Blanchett, as Someone Un-Chekhovian, assaulted Hugo Weaving, as Someone Else Un-Chekhovian. It was a triumph, they said, with great/splendid/ superb performances by a glorious cast of Big Names. Seven sold-out weeks: 44,295 warmed seats. Though the STC did remarkably well out of Vanya their outstanding show last year was dinner for Giorgio Armani, a Hogarthian guzzle that raised $554,296 from glittering diners. Maybe they should drop the plays and go into catering? I missed Vanya and the dinner, but in early May this year saw the Hobart Rep's production of The Seagull - quite a few empty seats there. For cultural guerrillas an amateur production has two attractions the STC can't match. You won't bump into Cate or Giorgio, and if you go to see Chekhov you may see a play that is recognisably the one he wrote.
식품 : 버섯을 첨가한 전통고추장의 품질특성 (2003)

느타리버섯과 표고버섯을 전통고추장 제조 원료로 첨가하여 고추장 발효과정 중의 품질특성 변화를 조사하였다. 수분 함량은 버섯 첨가량이 많을수록 유의적으로 높았으며, 적정산도는 발효기간이 경과함에 따라 점진적으로 증가하는 양상을 보였으며 표고버섯 9% 첨가 고추장에서 가장 높았다. 알콜 함량은 느타리버섯 9% 첨가 고추장이 다른 고추장에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 느타리버섯 첨가 고추장의 경우 버섯 첨가량이 많을수록 알콜 함량이 낮았으나 표고버섯 첨가 고추장에서는 반대 양상을 나타냈다. 아미노산성 질소 함량은 발효가 진행됨에 따라 점진적으로 증가하였으며, 버섯 9% 첨가 고추장에서 유의적으로 높았다. 고추장 색도에서는 버섯 첨가에 관계없이 발효기간 동안 a값의 감소 폭이 가장 컸으며, 버섯 첨가량이 많을수록 L, a 및 b값 모두 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 버섯 첨가 고추장에서는 세균 증식이 약간 지연되었고 버섯 종류에 따라 효모 증식 양상에서 차이가 있었으나 발효 말기의 세균수와 효모수에서는 차이가 없었다. 버섯 첨가 고추장의 관능평가에서 색과 향에 대한 평점이 높았으며, 대체로 표고버섯보다 느타리버섯 첨가 고추장에서 높은 점수를 얻었다.
The Evolution of Peptide Synthesis: From Early Days to Small Molecular Machines (2014)

Peptides and proteins have been known for more than a century, but was only when du Vigneaud published the first synthesis of oxytocin, that the research on bioactive peptides was truly launched. Since then, the scientific progresses in the field have been astonishing and the synthesis of peptides of virtually any size and complexity is now possible. Perhaps the most important milestone was the development of the solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) by Merrifield (1963), to revolutionize the field. In this critic review, we will analyze how the SPPS contributed to widespread the manufacture of peptides as active pharmaceuticals and what will be the challenges of tomorrow in this field. Keywords: SPPS, LPPS, fmoc-chemistry, molecular machine, native chemical ligation.
Effects of Eslicarbazepine Acetate on Cardiac Function in Patients with Refractory Partial-Onset Seizures: A Pooled Analysis of Three Phase III Controlled Studies (P3.238) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: Investigate effects on cardiac function in patients with partial-onset seizures (POS) treated with eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) as adjunctive therapy. BACKGROUND: ESL is a novel once-daily (QD) anticonvulsant, extensively converted after oral administration to eslicarbazepine, which blocks voltage-gated sodium- and calcium-channels. DESIGN/METHODS: Data from three global Phase III studies (BIA-2093-301/-302/-304) were pooled. Studies recruited patients aged 蠅16 or 蠅18 years with 蠅4 POS/month on 1-3 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). After an 8-week baseline and 2-week titration phase, patients received fixed-dose, placebo, ESL 400mg (2 studies only), 800mg, or 1200mg QD for 12 weeks. Safety variables included electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters and cardiac rhythm/conduction disorder treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Predefined clinically significant ECG measurements were evaluated by treatment-blinded external cardiologists. RESULTS: 1447 subjects were treated (placebo, n=426; ESL 400mg, n=196; 800mg, n=415; 1200mg, n=410). Median patient age was 37.0-38.0 years. Approximately 80% of patients were Caucasian and 72% on >1 concomitant AED. Mean change from baseline to end-of-study in placebo vs. ESL 400mg, 800mg and 1200mg groups, respectively, was: heart rate = -0.6 vs -0.5, 0.8 and -0.3 bpm; PR interval = 0.6 vs 2.4, 1.3 and 2.6 msec; QRS interval = 0.5 vs -1.3, 1.2 and 0.5 msec; QT interval = 4.0 vs -0.6, -1.0 and 3.0 msec; QTcB interval = 3.0 vs -1.1, 1.6 and 2.3 msec ; QTcF interval = 3.4 vs -0.9, 0.7 and 2.6 msec. In each ESL group, incidence (% patients) of ECG changes was generally comparable to and never 蠅2.5% higher than placebo. Incidence of any ECG abnormality was 40.7% vs 42.2%, 40.8% and 35.2% and that of cardiac rhythm/conduction disorder TEAEs was 0.9% vs 3.1%, 1.4% and 1.7%. No deaths attributable to arrhythmia occurred in the ESL development program. CONCLUSIONS: ECGs that were over-read by blinded cardiologists revealed no clinically relevant abnormalities or changes associated with ESL. Study Supported by: Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Cnidocyte Mechanoreceptors Are Tuned to the Movements of Swimming Prey by Chemoreceptors (1989)

Cnidocytes, the stinging cells of cnidarians, discharge nematocysts in response to physical contact accompanied by the stimulation of specific chemoreceptors. Cnidocytes in fishing tentacles of a sea anemone are now found to discharge nematocysts preferentially into targets vibrating at 30, 55, and 65 to 75 hertz. Moreover, in the presence of submicromolar concentrations of known chemosensitizers, such as N-acetylated sugars and mucin, these optima shift to 5, 15, 30, and 40 hertz, frequencies that correspond to the movements of swimming prey. Hence, chemoreceptors for these substances tune cnidocyte mechanoreceptors to frequencies that match the movements of the prey.
Special Theory of Ultrasonic Machining (1957)

A model is proposed for the mechanism of material removal in ultrasonic machining. From this model and fundamental physical principles, a machining rate equation is derived for the special case where solid, circular tools are used in conjunction with a puddled slurry. A comparison of the predictions of the theory with the experimental data shows that the theory gives the correct relationship between the machining rate and the variables involved in the machining process. Suggestions for the improvement of the ultrasonic machining process are presented, and the method to be used in generalizing the theory is outlined. The poor reproducibility of the machining rate measurements is explained on the basis of the machining rate equation.
Graph based Prediction Model to Improve Web Prefetching (2011)

Web prefetching is an effective technique used to mitigate the user perceived latency by making predictions about the user’s future requests and prefetching them before the user actually demands them. In this paper, we present an algorithm that learns from user access patterns and builds a Precedence Graph (PG) that is used to generate the predictions. The difference in the relationship between objects of the same web page and the objects of different web pages are reflected in the graph implementation. It uses simple data structure to implement the graph, which is cost effective and consumes less computational resources. The proposed approach significantly improves the performance of web prefetching by utilizing limited amount of resources as compared to other existing algorithms used for prefetching.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Sequential Cross‐Coupling of Bis(iodozincio)methane and ‐ethane with Two Different Organic Halides. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organic Cosolvent Effects on Sorption Equilibrium of Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals by Organoclays (1995)

Isotherms were measured for sorption of naphthalene and diuron by four organoclays in equilibrium with various mixtures of methanol and water. The organoclays were prepared from Wyoming montmorillonite by replacing the natural exchangeable cations of the clay by the quaternary ammonium ions TMA (tetramethylammonium), TMPA (trimethylphenylammonium), HDTMA (hexadecyltrimethylammonium), and BDTDA (benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium). TMPA-clay showed the greatest sorptive capacity for naphthalene, while BDTDA-clay was the most effective sorbent for diuron. The sorption mechanism for each sorbate−sorbent combination was related to the arrangement of the quaternary ammonium cations in the exchanged clay and the volume fraction of methanol in solution (fc). As expected from the solvophobic theory, the linear sorption coefficients decreased log-linearly with increasing fc in the binary solvent mixture, except for TMPA-clay at fc > 0.5. In addition to solute−solvent and solvent−sorbent interactions, an additional effect involving solute-organoclay interactions influenced the sorption of naphthalene and diuron by organoclays from aqueous and mixed solvents.
Comparison of O-6-MethyIguanine DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) mRNA Levels in Mer<sup>+</sup> and Mer<sup>−</sup> Human Tumor Cell Lines Containing the MGMT Gene by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique (1990)

O-6-Alkylguanine is a mutagenic and carcinogenic DNA lesion induced by a variety of alkylating agents, including the chloroethylnitrosoureas. The lesion is repaired by the alkyl-accepting suicide enzyme O-6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Approximately 25% of cell lines derived from human tumors are phenotypically deficient in this enzyme and are described as Mer-. Recent cloning of the human MGMT cDNA (Tano, K.; Shiota, S.; Collier, J.; Foote, R.S.; Mitra, S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:686-690; 1990) has allowed for a more detailed analysis of the basis of the Mer- phenotype in human Mer- tumor cell lines. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, an MGMT cDNA probe based on the published sequence was generated. The probe and the PCR technique were then used to analyze the presence and expression of the MGMT gene in two Mer+ and four Mer- lines, including one SV40-transformed Mer- line and three Mer- human tumor cell lines. The data demonstrate that while all six cell lines contained a relatively nonamplified, nonrearranged MGMT gene, Mer- lines contained levels of MGMT mRNA detectable only by PCR analysis. Of the three Mer- tumor cell lines examined, two (COLO 320 HSR, A1235) contained MGMT mRNA levels that were four to five orders of magnitude lower than that of the prototype Mer+ tumor line (HT-29), while one (BE) contained no consistently detectable MGMT mRNA. These results suggest that in the human Mer- tumor lines tested, the Mer- phenotype was mediated by a severe reduction in MGMT mRNA levels, despite the presence of the MGMT gene.
An 11.1 mW 42 MS/s 10 b ADC With Two-Step Settling in 0.18 $\mu$m CMOS (2010)

A pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) uses switched-capacitor stages that settle in two steps that occur sequentially in time. The first step of settling places charge onto the load capacitance using charge pumps, and the second fulfills the settling requirements using typical negative feedback around an operational amplifier. Hence, the design combines the efficiency of a fast charge-transfer phase with the gain and noise-immunity advantages of amplifier-driven settling. Improved conversion efficiency results from a higher ratio of current delivered to the load to that consumed in static biasing. Additional circuitry constrains critical amplifier node voltages during the charge transfer, facilitating a graceful transition to amplifier-driven settling. The two-step settling technique is demonstrated in a 2.5 bit/stage 10-bit pipelined ADC that consumes 11.1 mW while sampling a 21.3 MHz input signal at 42 MS/s. The resulting SNDR is 55.6 dB (ENOB = 8.94) and the SFDR is 67.5 dB.
Parallel text search methods (1988)

A comparison of recently proposed parallel text search methods to alternative available search strategies that use serial processing machines suggests parallel methods do not provide large-scale gains in either retrieval effectiveness or efficiency.
Synthesis of 3′-Fluoro-3′-deoxy-N<sup>6</sup>-cyclopentyladenosine (1994)

Abstract Starting from 9-(β-D-xylofuranosyl)-6-chloropurine, the title compound was prepared in four steps. Reaction with cyclopentylamine followed by treatment of the 2′-O,5′-O-ditritylated material with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST), yielded after deprotection the desired compound.