gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Host cellular annexin II is associated with cytomegalovirus particles isolated from cultured human fibroblasts (1995)

A significant amount of host cellular annexin II was found to be associated with human cytomegalovirus isolated from cultured human fibroblasts (approximately 1,160 molecules per virion). This composition was established by four different analytical approaches that included (i) Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of gradient-purified virions with a monoclonal antibody specific for annexin II, (ii) peptide mapping and sequence analysis of virus-associated proteins and proteins dissociated from virus following EDTA treatment, (iii) electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of gradient-purified virions, and (iv) labeling of virus-associated proteins by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination. These results indicated that annexin II was primarily localized to the viral surface, where it bound in a divalent cation-dependent manner. In functional experiments, a rabbit antiserum raised against annexin II inhibited cytomegalovirus plaque formation in human foreskin fibroblast monolayers in a concentration-dependent manner. Cumulatively, these studies demonstrate an association of host annexin II with cytomegalovirus particles and provide evidence for the involvement of this cellular protein in virus infectivity.
Salus: Fine-Grained GPU Sharing Primitives for Deep Learning Applications (2019)

GPU computing is becoming increasingly more popular with the proliferation of deep learning (DL) applications. However, unlike traditional resources such as CPU or the network, modern GPUs do not natively support fine-grained sharing primitives. Consequently, implementing common policies such as time sharing and preemption are expensive. Worse, when a DL application cannot completely use a GPU's resources, the GPU cannot be efficiently shared between multiple applications, leading to GPU underutilization. We present Salus to enable two GPU sharing primitives: fast job switching and memory sharing, in order to achieve fine-grained GPU sharing among multiple DL applications. Salus implements an efficient, consolidated execution service that exposes the GPU to different DL applications, and enforces fine-grained sharing by performing iteration scheduling and addressing associated memory management issues. We show that these primitives can then be used to implement flexible sharing policies such as fairness, prioritization, and packing for various use cases. Our integration of Salus with TensorFlow and evaluation on popular DL jobs show that Salus can improve the average completion time of DL training jobs by $3.19\times$, GPU utilization for hyper-parameter tuning by $2.38\times$, and GPU utilization of DL inference applications by $42\times$ over not sharing the GPU and $7\times$ over NVIDIA MPS with small overhead.
Triphenylmethyl Ethers of Glycerol and Glycerol Derivatives (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriphenylmethyl Ethers of Glycerol and Glycerol DerivativesCharles D. Hurd, Clinton O. Mack, E. M. Filachione, and John C. SowdenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 10, 1952–1954Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1937https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01289a047RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (339 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Phase angle between circumferential strain and wall shear stress affects endothelial cell biochemical production (2003)

Simultaneous fluid wall shear stress (WSS) and circumferential strain (CS) can alter endothelial cell (EC) biological responses and regulate vascular function. The stress phase angle (SPA) between CS and WSS, which characterizes the dynamic force pattern applied on ECs, is believed to be important in determining EC biological response. A pulsatile flow loop containing elastic (Sylgard) tubing, with bovine aortic ECs (BAECs) precultured inside, was developed in order to expose the EC layer to simultaneous oscillatory WSS (10/spl plusmn/10 dyn/cm/sup 2/) and CS (8%). By adjusting elastic components in the flow loop, a range of SPA between +12/spl deg/(in phase) and -105/spl deg/(off phase) could be obtained while maintaining stress levels the same. Different stress conditions were run, including steady WSS, oscillatory WSS without CS, simultaneous oscillatory WSS and CS with +12/spl deg/ and -105/spl deg/ SPA. Four hour experiments indicate that steady WSS induces EC to release significant prostacyclin (PGI2) and nitric oxide (NO) while oscillatory WSS induces only 12% of steady PGI2 production and 42% of steady NO production. Oscillatory WSS and CS with positive SPA induce 40% of steady PGI2 production and 53% of steady NO production; while with negative SPA, 11% of steady PGI2 production and 50% of steady NO production are observed.
Pedestrian detection and counting in video surveillance (2010)

The simplified mixed Gaussian model was used to get the background and keep updating the background,and then the background difference method was used to get the foreground target and detect the pedestrian.According to the fact that the movement between two frame pictures can not mutate,using Kalman filter to predict the trajectories,we proposed a simple and fast method to track the pedestrian.Based on the motion tracking,we set two detected lines to count the number of people passing by.The experiment results show that our system could satisfy the request of real time with high accuracy.
Antioxidants in Central Nervous System Diseases: Preclinical Promise and Translational Challenges (2008)

Oxidative damage is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke (brain ischemia/reperfusion injury). The availability of transgenic and toxin-inducible models of these conditions has facilitated the preclinical evaluation of putative antioxidant agents ranging from prototypic natural antioxidants such as vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) to sophisticated synthetic free radical traps and catalytic oxidants. Literature review shows that antioxidant therapies have enjoyed general success in preclinical studies across disparate animal models, but little benefit in human intervention studies or clinical trials. Recent high-profile failures of vitamin E trials in Parkinson's disease, and nitrone therapies in stroke, have diminished enthusiasm to pursue antioxidant neuroprotectants in the clinic. The translational disappointment of antioxidants likely arises from a combination of factors including failure to understand the drug candidate's mechanism of action in relationship to human disease, and failure to conduct preclinical studies using concentration and time parameters relevant to the clinical setting. This review discusses the rationale for using antioxidants in the prophylaxis or mitigation of human neurodiseases, with a critical discussion regarding ways in which future preclinical studies may be adjusted to offer more predictive value in selecting agents for translation into human trials.
Further studies on rat mast cell degranulation by IgE-anti-IgE and the inhibitory effect of drugs related to cAMP. (1974)

With a modified rat mast cell degranulation (RMCD) technique developed by Korotzer, Haddad and Lopapa (1971), the mechanism of mast cell degranulation by IgE—anti-IgE reaction and the inhibitory effect of cAMP-related compounds upon IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation were studied. Degranulations of 90 per cent or more were decreased to 13–16 per cent when the mast cells were pretreated with human IgE or normal human serum. However, if rat mast cells were pretreated with anti-human IgE rabbit serum or normal rabbit serum, the degranulation per cent in these cells by IgE—anti-IgE reaction was the same as in the nontreated cells. These results suggest the presence of receptors in rat mast cells for human IgE or normal human serum, and the lack of receptors in these cells for anti-human IgE rabbit serum or normal rabbit serum. Treatment of isolated rat mast cells with adenyl cyclase stimulating agents (isoprenaline, adrenaline, prostaglandin E(1) and E(2)) and theophylline or aminophylline, which inhibit the enzymatic degradation of cAMP, also inhibited the morphological degranulation of the mast cells. Cromoglycate or chlorophenes in derivatives, which might have a stabilizing effect of the cell membrane, also inhibited the degranulation of the rat mast cells mediated by IgE—anti-IgE reaction. These results support the attractive hypothesis that cAMP occupies a central modulatory role in the in vitro mast cell degranulation by IgE—anti-IgE reaction.
Self-Organized Pedestrian Crowd Dynamics: Experiments, Simulations, and Design Solutions (2005)

To test simulation models of pedestrian flows, we have performed experiments for corridors, bottleneck areas, and intersections. Our evaluations of video recordings show that the geometric boundary conditions are not only relevant for the capacity of the elements of pedestrian facilities, they also influence the time gap distribution of pedestrians, indicating the existence of self-organization phenomena. After calibration of suitable models, these findings can be used to improve design elements of pedestrian facilities and egress routes. It turns out that “obstacles” can stabilize flow patterns and make them more fluid. Moreover, intersecting flows can be optimized, utilizing the phenomenon of “stripe formation.” We also suggest increasing diameters of egress routes in stadia, theaters, and lecture halls to avoid long waiting times for people in the back, and shock waves due to impatience in cases of emergency evacuation. Moreover, zigzag-shaped geometries and columns can reduce the pressure in panicking crowds. The proposed design solutions are expected to increase the efficiency and safety of train stations, airport terminals, stadia, theaters, public buildings, and mass events in the future. As application examples we mention the evacuation of passenger ships and the simulation of pilgrim streams on the Jamarat bridge. Adaptive escape guidance systems, optimal way systems, and simulations of urban pedestrian flows are addressed as well.
Effect of Mg and Si on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Zn-Al Hot Dip Coatings on Low Carbon Steel. (2002)

Coatings formed on a low carbon steel by a two step hot dipping, primarily in a Zn bath and secondarily in a Zn–6Al bath with or without 0.5 mass% Mg and 0.1 mass% Si addition. The effects of the Mg and Si addition on the surface morphologies, microstructures, and corrosion characteristics of the coatings were investigated using a scanning electron microscope, a laser scanning microscope, and an electron probe microprobe analyzer. The coating formed in the Zn–6Al bath showed flaws as pores and cracks in the outer adhered layer, while there were few flaws in the Zn–6Al–0.5Mg–0.1Si bath coating. The Zn–6Al–0.5Mg–0.1Si coating has a lamellae structure developed well in the outer adhered layer and the initially formed a-Al was finer than that of the Zn–6Al coating. Corrosion in a 5 % NaCl solution commenced from the a-Al phase at a very early stage and the Zn phase corroded preferentially. The Zn–6Al–0.5Mg–0.1Si coating corroded slowly and relatively homogeneously, while the Zn–6Al coating degraded locally due to a preferential corrosion along flaws. The Zn–6Al–0.5Mg–0.1Si coating incorporates Mg and Si in the outer adhered layer and Si in the inner alloy layer, making the Zn–6Al–0.5Mg–0.1Si coating more anti-corrosive.
Stereospecific Living Ziegler−Natta Polymerization of 1-Hexene (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTStereospecific Living Ziegler−Natta Polymerization of 1-HexeneKumudini C. Jayaratne and Lawrence R. SitaView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 5, 958–959Publication Date (Web):January 21, 2000Publication History Received26 October 1999Published online21 January 2000Published inissue 1 February 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja993808whttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja993808wrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2431Altmetric-Citations206LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Living polymerization,Materials,Physical and chemical properties,Polymerization Get e-Alerts
Potent block of Cx36 and Cx50 gap junction channels by mefloquine (2004)

Recently, great interest has been shown in understanding the functional roles of specific gap junction proteins (connexins) in brain, lens, retina, and elsewhere. Some progress has been made by studying knockout mice with targeted connexin deletions. For example, such studies have implicated the gap junction protein Cx36 in synchronizing rhythmic activity of neurons in several brain regions. Although knockout strategies are informative, they can be problematic, because compensatory changes sometimes occur during development. Therefore, it would be extremely useful to have pharmacological agents that block specific connexins, without major effects on other gap junctions or membrane channels. We show that mefloquine, an antimalarial drug, is one such agent. It blocked Cx36 channels, expressed in transfected N2A neuroblastoma cells, at low concentrations (IC(50) approximately 300 nM). Mefloquine also blocked channels formed by the lens gap junction protein, Cx50 (IC(50) approximately 1.1 microM). However, other gap junctions (e.g., Cx43, Cx32, and Cx26) were only affected at concentrations 10- to 100-fold higher. To further examine the utility and specificity of this compound, we characterized its effects in acute brain slices. Mefloquine, at 25 microM, blocked gap junctional coupling between interneurons in neocortical slices, with minimal nonspecific actions. At this concentration, the only major side effect was an increase in spontaneous synaptic activity. Mefloquine (25 microM) caused no significant change in evoked excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, and intrinsic cellular properties were also mostly unaffected. Thus, mefloquine is expected to be a useful tool to study the functional roles of Cx36 and Cx50.
Intranasal Immunization with Killed Unencapsulated Whole Cells Prevents Colonization and Invasive Disease by Capsulated Pneumococci (2001)

A whole-cell killed unencapsulated pneumococcal vaccine given by the intranasal route with cholera toxin as an adjuvant was tested in two animal models. This vaccination was highly effective in preventing nasopharyngeal colonization with an encapsulated serotype 6B strain in mice and also conferred protection against illness and death in rats inoculated intrathoracically with a highly encapsulated serotype 3 strain. When the serotype 3 challenge strain was incubated in the sera of immunized rats, it was no longer virulent in an infant-rat sepsis model, indicating that the intranasal immunization elicited protective systemic antibodies. These studies suggest that killed whole-cell unencapsulated pneumococci given intranasally with an adjuvant may provide multitypic protection against capsulated pneumococci.
Magnetic forces produced by rectangular permanent magnets in static microsystems (2009)

Finite element numerical simulations were carried out in 2D geometries to map the magnetic field and force distribution produced by rectangular permanent magnets as a function of their size and position with respect to a microchannel. A single magnet, two magnets placed in attraction and in repulsion have been considered. The goal of this work is to show where magnetic beads are preferentially captured in a microchannel. These simulations were qualitatively corroborated, in one geometrical case, by microscopic visualizations of magnetic bead plug formation in a capillary. The results show that the number of plugs is configuration dependent with: in attraction, one plug in the middle of the magnets; in repulsion, two plugs near the edges of the magnets; and with a single magnet, a plug close to the center of the magnet. The geometry of the magnets (h and l are the height and length of the magnets respectively) and their relative spacing s has a significant impact on the magnetic flux density. Its value inside a magnet increases with the h/l ratio. Consequently, bar magnets produce larger and more uniform values than flat magnets. The l/s ratio also influences the magnetic force value in the microchannel, both increasing concomitantly for all the configurations. In addition, a zero force zone in the middle appears in the attraction configuration as the l/s ratio increases, while with a single magnet, the number of maxima and minima goes from one to two, producing two focusing zones instead of only one.
All washed up: have surf megabrands forgotten their roots? (2012)

Yesterday's announcement that iconic brand Rip Curl plans to sell-up raises the question: just what has happened to Australia's iconic surf brands? It has been well publicised that the big three surf labels Rip Curl, Quiksilver and Billabong have experienced shrinking sales and expanding debts. Suburban consumers have turned away from expensive surf-branded apparel. Coupled with the rise of online shopping, doubts are growing about the future viability of corporatised surf brands. Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details Warren, A. & Gibson, C. (2012). All washed up: have surf megabrands forgotten their roots?. The Conversation, 18 September 1-3. This journal article is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers/1870 Andrew Warren Lecturer in Geography and Planning at University of New England Chris Gibson Director, UOW Global Challenges Program & Professor of Human Geography at University of Wollongong 18 September 2012, 1.50pm AEST
Safety of a SQ‐standardised grass allergen tablet for sublingual immunotherapy: a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial (2006)

A sublingual grass allergen tablet in doses up to 1,000,000 SQ-T daily caused no serious or systemic AEs displaying a safety profile that allows further investigation as once-daily self-medication.
Long‐Term Acceptance of Major Histocompatibility Complex‐Mismatched Cardiac Allograft Induced by a Low Dose of CTLA4IgM Plus FK506 (1996)

The immunosuppressant FK506 prolongs allograft survival. However, at therapeutic doses it has significant side effects. A fusion protein consisting of the extracellular portion of CTLA4 and the Fc portion of human IgG (CTLA4IgG) also prolongs allograft survival, but large doses of CTLA4IgG are required for the induction of cardiac allograft acceptance. Therefore, we constructed a pentameric form of a new CTLA4 fusion protein, CTLA4IgM. We tested whether low doses of CTLA4IgG or CTLA4IgM in combination with subtherapeutic doses of FK506 can prolong allograft survival in a synergistic fashion. C57BL/6 (H-2b) neonatal hearts were transplanted to CBA/J (H-2b) mice in a heterotopic, nonvascularized cardiac allograft model. The findings demonstrate that a combination of low doses of FK506 plus a pentameric form of CTLA4Ig, CTLA4IgM, leads to significant graft survival, while a combination of FK506 plus CTLA4IgG does not.
The Place of Abdias in Stifter's Thought and Work (1967)

THE PLACE OF ABDIAS IN STIFTER'S THOUGHT AND WORK Get access E. F. GEORGE E. F. GEORGE Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Forum for Modern Language Studies, Volume III, Issue 2, April 1967, Pages 148–156, https://doi.org/10.1093/fmls/III.2.148 Published: 01 April 1967
Electrothermal flows generated by alternating and rotating electric fields in microsystems (2006)

Electrothermal motion in an aqueous solution arises from the action of an electric field on inhomogeneities in the liquid induced by temperature gradients. The temperature field can be produced by the applied electric field through Joule heating, or caused by external sources, such as strong illumination. Electrothermal flows in microsystems are usually observed at applied signal frequencies around 1 MHz and voltages around 10 V. In this work, we present self-similar solutions for the motion of an aqueous solution in a constant temperature gradient placed on top of: ( a ) two coplanar electrodes subjected to an a.c. potential difference, and ( b ) four coplanar electrodes subjected to a four-phase a.c. signal, generating a rotating field. The first case produces two-dimensional rolls whereas the second case produces a liquid whirl. Finally, we present experimental results of electrothermal liquid flows generated by alternating and rotating electric fields under strong illumination, and these experiments are compared to the analytical solutions. The induced rotating flow could be used in the mixing of analytes and of liquids in microsystems.
Chemically induced temperature-sensitive mutants of dengue virus type 2: comparison of temperature sensitivity in vitro with infectivity suckling mice, hamsters, and rhesus monkeys (1976)

A series of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2, TH-36 isolate) were induced by treatment with 5-azacytidine. These mutants and parental viruses were compared for the ts trait and/or attenuation in four systems: primary hamster kidney cells, suckling mice, golden Syrian hamsters, and rhesus monkeys. Seven clones judged to possess the ts trait in virto demonstrated a variety of patterns in vivo. On initial isolation, five of seven ts mutants exhibited reduced mouse lethality. The remaining two mutants possessed parental levels of mouse lethality. In hamsters, neither ts mutant nor parental viruses replicated very well, and then only when inoculated intracerebrally. Studies in rhesus monkeys indicated that all seven ts clones and parental viruses were capable of inducing abtibody responses; however, ts-1 and ts-2 failed to produce detectable viremia. After challenge with parental virus, all vaccinated monkeys demonstrated rapid secondary-type antibody response. Reversion from ts to ts(+) was confirmed to ts-1 in mice and ts-3 in monkeys, and was strongly suspected in several other instances.