gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C-Terminal Repeats of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Toxin A Induce Production of Chemokine and Adhesion Molecules in Endothelial Cells and Promote Migration of Leukocytes (2007)

The C-terminal repeating sequences of Clostridium difficile toxin A (designated ARU) are homologous to the carbohydrate-binding domain of streptococcal glucosyltransferases (GTFs) that were recently identified as potent modulins. To test the hypothesis that ARU might exert a similar biological activity on endothelial cells, recombinant ARU (rARU), which was noncytotoxic to cell cultures, was analyzed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The rARU could bind directly to endothelial cells in a serum- and calcium-dependent manner and induce the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in a dose-dependent manner. An oligosaccharide binding assay indicated that rARU, but not GTFC, binds preferentially to Lewis antigens and 3'HSO3-containing oligosaccharides. Binding of rARU to human endothelial or intestinal cells correlated directly with the expression of Lewis Y antigen. Bound rARU directly activated mitogen-activated protein kinases and the NF-kappaB signaling pathway in endothelial cells to release biologically active chemokines and adhesion molecules that promoted migration in a transwell assay and the adherence of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells to the endothelial cells. These results suggest that ARU may bind to multiple carbohydrate motifs to exert its biological activity on human endothelial cells.
<title>Two-photon single particle tracking in 3D</title> (1997)

Transport processes are important in biology and medicine. Examples include virus docking and infection, endocytosis of extracellular protein and phagocytosis of antigenic material. Trafficking driven by molecular motors inside a complex 3D environment is a shared common theme. The complex sequence of these events are difficult to resolve with conventional techniques where the action of many cells are asynchronously averaged. Single particle tracking (SPT) was developed by Ghosh and Webb to address this problem and has proven to be a powerful technique in understanding membrane- protein interaction. Since the traditional SPT method uses wide field illumination and area detectors, it is limited to the study of 2D systems. In this presentation, we report the development of a 3D single particle tracking technique using two-photon excitation. Using a real-time feedback system, we can dynamically position the sub-femtoliter two-photon excitation volume to follow the fluorescent particle under transport by maximizing the detected fluorescent intensity. Further, fluorescence spectroscopy can be performed in real time along the particle trajectory to monitor the underlying biochemical signals driving this transport process. The first application of this instrument will focus on the study of antigen endocytosis process of macrophages.
Two Computer Models for Selection of Optimal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Pulse Sequence Timing (1984)

Two computer modeling techniques have been developed that aid in the selection of optimal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequences and timing intervals for specific clinical situations. The "parameter sensitivity" technique provides a means of selecting three separate MRI scans which are individually sensitive to changes in each of the three NMR tissue parameters N, T1, and T2. The "contrast" technique allows selection of a single optimal MRI sequence using the expected changes in all three tissue parameters simultaneously. Excellent correlation is demonstrated between the models and images obtained in a normal volunteer and in a patient with multiple sclerosis. The two methods compliment each other; the parameter sensitivity method is most useful in situations where subtle changes in tissue parameters are expected, whereas the contrast method is suited to circumstances where large differences in tissue parameters are anticipated and the magnitude and direction of these changes are known.
Cytogenetical relationships among three species of chili peppers, Capsicum chinense, C. frutescens and C. baccatum. (1984)

In order to elucidate cytogenetical relationships among three Capsicum species, C. chinense, C, frutescens and C.baccatum, intra- and inter-specific hybrids were examined cytologically. In intraspecific hybrids of C.baccatum and C, frutescens, chromosome pairing at MI of PMCS was regular with 12 bivalents, and their pollen stainability was high. For the interspecific hybrids between C. chinense and C.frutescens, meiotic chromosome pairing was also very regular with 12 bivalents. The average was 0.06 univalents and 11.97 bivalents (9.81 rings and 2.16 rods). Their pollen stainability was relatively high. Therefore, it was suggested that C.chinense and C.frutescens are not two distinct specles but a single species involving two different varieties as seen in C.baccatum. For the interspecific hybrids of C.baccatum × C.frutescens, few univalents were observed at MI, and the average meiotic chromosome pairing was 0.87 univalents, 10.22 bivalents, 0.31 trivalents, 0.34 quadrivalents and 0.06 hexavalents. Considering the present results and the geographical distribution of wild progenitors, it can be concluded that C.baccatum and C.chinese/C.frutescens complex were originally derived from a common ancestral species monophyletically, and that their geographical distribution occurred subsequently, resulting in reproductive isolation among them.
Multi-interface Level Sensors and New Development in Monitoring and Control of Oil Separators (2006)

In the oil industry, huge saving may be made if suitable multi-interface levelmeasurement systems are employed for effectively monitoring crude oil separators andefficient control of their operation. A number of techniques, e.g. externally mounteddisplacers, differential pressure transmitters and capacitance rod devices, have beendeveloped to measure the separation process with gas, oil, water and other components.Because of the unavailability of suitable multi-interface level measurement systems, oilseparators are currently operated by the trial-and-error approach. In this paper someconventional techniques, which have been used for level measurement in industry, and newdevelopment are discussed.
Maintaining seamless communication between mobile users: An Architecture and Communication Protocol for picocellular networks (1994)

munication and wireless LAN technology will make it possible, in the near future, for mobile users to transparently access communication networks from anywhere at any time. The mobile user will typically use powerful palmtop or laptop computers that are equipped with wireless communication capability to connect towired networks. This type of computing environment is referred to as mobile computing. The mobility of the nodes and the small size (in terms of storage space) of the hand-held devices make traditional solutions to network problems such as
Probiotic Mechanisms of Action (2012)

Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits to the host when ingested in adequate amounts. The strains most frequently used as probiotics include lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Probiotics have demonstrated significant potential as therapeutic options for a variety of diseases, but the mechanisms responsible for these effects have not been fully elucidated yet. Several important mechanisms underlying the antagonistic effects of probiotics on various microorganisms include the following: modification of the gut microbiota, competitive adherence to the mucosa and epithelium, strengthening of the gut epithelial barrier and modulation of the immune system to convey an advantage to the host. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that probiotics communicate with the host by pattern recognition receptors, such as toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein-like receptors, which modulate key signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-ĸB and mitogen-activated protein kinase, to enhance or suppress activation and influence downstream pathways. This recognition is crucial for eliciting measured antimicrobial responses with minimal inflammatory tissue damage. A clear understanding of these mechanisms will allow for appropriate probiotic strain selection for specific applications and may uncover novel probiotic functions. The goal of this systematic review was to explore probiotic modes of action focusing on how gut microbes influence the host.
Stromelysin-3 Is a Potent Negative Regulator of Adipogenesis Participating to Cancer Cell-Adipocyte Interaction/Crosstalk at the Tumor Invasive Front (2005)

The initial invasive processes during cancer development remain largely unknown. Stromelysin-3/matrix metalloproteinase 11 (ST3/MMP11) is associated with tumor invasion and poor prognosis. We present novel evidence that adipocytes present at human breast tumor invasive front are induced by cancer cells to express ST3. Using mouse syngeneic model, light and electron microscopy showed that in ST3-deficient mice but not in wild-type mice, forced cancer cell-adipocyte interaction/crosstalk results in adipocyte membrane alteration, allowing cancer cell fat infiltration and death. Thus, adipocytes are involved in initial cancer cell survival into connective tissue, and this effect is ST3 mediated. This suggested that ST3 might play a role in adipocyte metabolism. Accordingly, ST3-deficient mice exhibited fat excess and increased mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and adipocyte protein 2 (aP2) adipogenic markers, indicating that, in vivo, ST3 negatively regulates fat homeostasis. Moreover, ST3-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibited a dramatic enhanced potential to differentiate into adipocytes associated with increased PPARgamma and aP2 expression, and recombinant ST3 treatment reverted their differentiation. Thus, in vitro, ST3 reduces adipocyte differentiation in an autocrine manner. High fibroblasts/adipocytes ratio is a stroma feature, and peritumoral fibroblast origin remains debated. Our results support the concept that invading cancer cells aberrantly restore the negative ST3 function on adipogenesis into proximal adipocytes/preadipocytes, leading to the accumulation/maintenance of a particular peritumoral fibroblast subpopulation. Accordingly, in human breast tumors, we observed that ST3-expressing peritumoral fibroblasts are distinct from alpha-smooth muscle actin-expressing myofibroblasts. This constitutes the first report of implication of a MMP in cancer cell-adipocyte interaction/crosstalk during early steps of connective tissue invasion.
Micromachined 300 GHz high Q resonant slot frequency selective surface filter (2004)

The design of a low loss quasi-optical beam splitter which is required to provide efficient diplexing of the bands 316.5–325.5 GHz and 349.5–358.5 GHz is presented. To minimise the filter insertion loss, the chosen architecture is a three-layer freestanding array of dipole slot elements. Floquet modal analysis and finite element method computer models are used to establish the geometry of the periodic structure and to predict its spectral response. Two different micromachining approaches have been employed to fabricate close packed arrays of 460 μm long elements in the screens that form the basic building block of the 30 mm diameter multilayer frequency selective surface. Comparisons between simulated and measured transmission coefficients for the individual dichroic surfaces are used to determine the accuracy of the computer models and to confirm the suitability of the fabrication methods.
A Kalman-filter based method for creation of super-resolved mosaicks (2006)

muUAVs have found increasing utility as a platform for visual data collection about an area of interest. One user-friendly way of presenting visual data about the area of interest is to create a mosaick of all data observed by the muUAV, absolving the user from having to watch the entire flight video. In addition, because multiple frames in the video sequence will in general observe an area of interest, super-resolution techniques can be applied to yield a mosaick with higher resolution than the camera on-board the muUAV. While super-resolution and mosaicking are both well studied problems, muUAVs present some interesting challenges in combining the two capabilities. Most super-resolution algorithms work within a constrained environment where the size of the superresolved image is fixed and known a priori. Mosaicking, however, is the process of creating a dynamically-sized image from multiple fixed-sized images, where each input image could contain visual data on previously unobserved areas. In this paper, we present a system that can do both: construct a mosaick, incorporating data on previously unobserved areas, while super-resolving the mosaick for areas that are observed by multiple input images
EFFECT OF STARVATION ON IMMUNE ORGANS OF FISH LABEO BOGA (2014)

In the present investigation an attempt has been made to study the effect of starvation on the immune organs viz., thymus, head kidney and spleen of fish, Labeo boga for the experimental period of 60 days. On the basis of this research, the author has made an observation that this natural stressor (starvation) induced various alterations in the immune organs of the present fish at the cellular level. Prolonged starvation has been found to result in structural abnormalities as well as immunosuppressive effect on immune organs of fish, Labeo boga. It therefore means that health status of the fish gets drastically affected under prolonged starvation thereby reducing its quality as well as quantity.
Suppression of Even-Order Photodiode Nonlinearities in Multioctave Photonic Links (2008)

A balanced photonic receiver is demonstrated to suppress photodiode-generated even-order nonlinearities in a photonic link. This result is especially important for multioctave analog applications. Experimental results are presented for a high-frequency (2-30 MHz) link exhibiting 33-dB suppression of the second harmonic, resulting in an output intercept point of 99 dBm due to second-order intermodulation distortion at 26-mA average photocurrent.
Adsorption kinetics of ‘‘hot’’ dimers (1993)

In this work we study, by means of the Monte Carlo technique, the adsorption kinetics of ‘‘hot’’ dimers, i.e., molecules which after adsorption dissociate and each of the remaining monomers fly apart up to a maximum distance R from the original adsorption site. We have evaluated the jamming coverage (θj) which depends on R and differs from the standard random dimer filling problem. Also the dependence of both the sticking coefficient and the average distance traveled by the monomers on θ is studied and discussed. ‘‘Hot’’ monomers exhibit an enhanced probability for encounters with other adparticles. This behavior may be relevant in the dynamic of some catalytic processes.
Investigations related to the epidemic strain involved in the French listeriosis outbreak in 1992 (1995)

Two hundred seventy-nine cases of human listeriosis (92 pregnancy-related cases and 187 non-pregnancy-related cases) caused by a serovar 4b and phagovar 2389:2425:3274:2671:47:108:340 strain were identified in France between March and December 1992. Epidemiological investigations included a case-control study (not described here) and microbiological analyses of foods. Results of the case-control study and characterization of food isolates identified pork tongue in jelly, a ready-to-eat meat product, as the major vehicle of this outbreak, and to a lesser extent, delicatessen products contaminated secondarily during handling in food stores. As far as serotyping, phage typing, DNA macrorestriction pattern analysis (obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE]), and ribotyping are concerned, this epidemic strain is phenotypically and genomically closely related to strains responsible for major outbreaks of listeriosis previously observed in Europe and North America. The epidemic strain sensu stricto as defined by PFGE (2/1/3) displayed the same serovar, phagovar, ribovar, and ApaI and NotI PFGE patterns as the epidemic strains from outbreaks in Switzerland, California, and Denmark, but it consistently showed differences in the SmaI PFGE profile. This information greatly contributed to the identification of the major food vehicle (pork tongue in jelly) and further allowed exclusion of other foods (cheese) as possible sources of this major listeriosis epidemic.
Washing our hands (2015)

Hand washing is an important skill which children should be encouraged to carry out regularly throughout the day. The following activities will help you introduce the subject in a fun way.
Therapeutic studies in NZB/W mice. II. Relative efficacy of azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone (1972)

Abstract Five‐month‐old female NZB/W mice were treated with daily injections of azathioprine, cyclophosphamide or methylprednisolone. Treatment was continued for 2 or 3 months at different dosages. Renal histology, proteinuria, antibodies to DNA and survival were studied. All drugs were found to modify the disease favorably. At low doses (1.5 mg/kg/day) azathioprine was most effective. Cyclophosphamide was superior at higher doses (4.5 mg/kg/day). Different two‐drug combinations were also compared. The combination of cyclophosphamide plus methylprednisolone was most effective. Combined therapy increased survival without increasing toxicity.
Direct manipulation of activator protein‐1 controls thymocyte proliferation<i> in vitro</i> (2005)

B cell activating transcription factor (BATF) belongs to the activator protein-1 (AP-1) superfamily of basic leucine zipper transcription factors and forms heterodimers with Jun that possess minimal transcriptional activity. Mice carrying a p56(lck)HA-BATF transgene were created to observe the effects of constitutive expression of this well-characterized AP-1 inhibitor on T cell proliferation. Consistent with the role of AP-1 in promoting the proliferation of many cell types, BATF-transgenic thymocytes proliferate poorly in vitro when stimulated with anti-CD3epsilon and anti-CD28 antibodies or with Concanavalin A. However, when BATF-transgenic thymocytes were stimulated using a standard treatment of PMA and ionomycin, proliferation is normal. The responsiveness to PMA and ionomycin can be attributed to the dramatic disappearance of the hemagglutinin antigen (HA)-tagged BATF protein which is a PKC-dependent process caused by the down-regulation of the p56(lck) proximal promoter coupled with the rapid turnover of the HA-BATF protein. These studies describe conditions of T cell stimulation that negatively influence transcription of the widely used p56(lck) proximal promoter expression cassette. In addition, the unique circumstances of this regulation were exploited to demonstrate that inhibition of AP-1 activity by BATF exerts a direct, and reversible, effect on T cell proliferation in vitro.
Compiler-controlled memory (1998)

Optimizations aimed at reducing the impact of memory operations on execution speed have long concentrated on improving cache performance. These efforts achieve a. reasonable level of success. The primary limit on the compiler's ability to improve memory behavior is its imperfect knowledge about the run-time behavior of the program. The compiler cannot completely predict runtime access patterns.There is an exception to this rule. During the register allocation phase, the compiler often must insert substantial amounts of spill code; that is, instructions that move values from registers to memory and back again. Because the compiler itself inserts these memory instructions, it has more knowledge about them than other memory operations in the program.Spill-code operations are disjoint from the memory manipulations required by the semantics of the program being compiled, and, indeed, the two can interfere in the cache. This paper proposes a hardware solution to the problem of increased spill costs---a small compiler-controlled memory (CCM) to hold spilled values. This small random-access memory can (and should) be placed in a distinct address space from the main memory hierarchy. The compiler can target spill instructions to use the CCM, moving most compiler-inserted memory traffic out of the pathway to main memory and eliminating any impact that those spill instructions would have on the state of the main memory hierarchy. Such memories already exist on some DSP microprocessors. Our techniques can be applied directly on those chips.This paper presents two compiler-based methods to exploit such a memory, along with experimental results showing that speedups from using CCM may be sizable. It shows that using the register allocation's coloring paradigm to assign spilled values to memory can greatly reduce the amount of memory required by a program.
Rain microphysics estimation using X-band dual polarization radar measurements (2007)

Rain microphisycs retrieval has been proposed and demonstrated mainly at S-band where attenuation effects are usually negligible. Recent advances in attenuation correction techniques enable rain microphisycs retrieval also using attenuating frequencies, such as X- and C-band. Most up to date attenuation correction methodologies are based on the use of a constraint represented by the total amount of the attenuation encountered along the path, which is distributed over each range bin contained in the path. The inner self-consistency of radar measurements can be exploited to improve the attenuation estimate obtained using those techniques. In fact, based on the self-consistency principle, an optimization procedure can be devised to obtain the best estimate of specific and cumulative attenuation as well as of specific and cumulative differential attenuation. The main goal of the study is the examination of the drop size distribution retrieval from X-band radar measurements after attenuation correction. The study is based both on simulated and measured data. Simulations based on the use of profiles of gamma drop size distribution parameters obtained from S-band observations are used for quantitative analysis. Examples of the DSD parameter retrievals using radar measurements corrected for attenuation and differential attenuation are also shown.
Finding Large Matchings in Semi-Streaming (2016)

One of the most appealing open problems in the graph streaming area (see Problem 60 in [1]) is to close the gap between the approximation factor (i.e., lower bound) of 0:5 (achieved by a simple greedy algorithm) [2] and the hardness result (i.e., upper bound) of 1 1=e ' 0:63 [3], [4] for the classical problem of the maximum matching in the semistreaming model. Interestingly, for a long time closing this gap even using 2 passes over an adversarial stream was open until very recently that Konrad, Magniez, and Mathieu in [5] made progress toward answering this question.We develop a 0:583-approximation 2-pass streaming algorithm to find the maximum matching in bipartite graphs, using O(n) space. Using the same technique we give a 0:605-approximation 3-pass streaming algorithm to find the maximum matching in bipartite graphs, using O(n) space. Our results improve upon the 0:505-approximation 2-pass algorithm proposed in [5]. Our 3-pass algorithm is the first 3-pass streaming algorithm that achieves an approximation factor better than 0:6.In the first pass of our algorithm we find a maximal matching M. In the second pass, for every unmatched vertex we keep a small number of edges (so-called, golden edges) incident to distinct matched vertices in M. Every matched vertex of M is incident to at most one golden edge. At the end of second pass, we invoke an optimal matching algorithm on the union of matched and golden edges. For the analysis, let M be a maximum cardinality matching of G. We show that golden edges help to find a good fraction of augmenting paths of length 3 inM[M and also they build many new augmenting paths of length 3 using augmenting paths of length at least 5 and other alternating paths of M [ M. Our 3-pass algorithm simply repeats the process of the second pass.