gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2H-1-Benzopyran-2,4(3H)-dione-3-carboxamide and 2H,3H-[1]Benzopyrano[4,3-b]pyrano-2-hydroxy-3-carboxamide-4,5-dione Derivatives via Carbon Suboxide (1997)

The reaction of substituted 2-hydroxybenzamides with carbon suboxide is described.By varying the weight ratio of the reagent, this reaction leads to the coumarin and/or pyranowumarin derivatives in one step and with satisfactory yields.The synthesis1 and pharmacological activity2 of several coumarin derivatives obtained in one step i ~~m carbon suboxide and with high yields has been reported in previous works.Coumarin derivatives are known to be an interesting class of natural or synthetic compounds, whose biological activity varies according to the substituents on the benzopyran ring3 To this purpose, following along this research, in the present study we prepared the synthesis of new 2H-1-benzopyran-2,4(3H)dione-3-carboxamide derivatives, structurally correlable to analogous coumarins, whose pharmacological activity is reported in the literature.' Starting from 0.014 moles of substituted 2-hydroxybenzamides (la-h) and 0.016 moles of carbon suboxide (2), the derivatives W-1-benzopyran-2,4(3H)-dione-3-carboxamides (3a-h) were obtained in anhydrous acetone (C302:solvent = 1500) in a one step procedure and with high yields.Since the attack of 2 to the nucleophilic sites of la-h was slowed down by a hydrogen bond that is present in their stmcture, a slight excess of 2 (about 15%) was used in this reaction, in order to prevent a longer reaction time from favouring a partial loss of carbon suboxide, that is a very volatile compound at room temperature.Moreover from a preliminary study of the reaction, it was seen that the weight ratio of the reagent and the more or less dilute solution play a very important role.In fact, at the described conditions, but in a more concentrated acetone solution (C302:solvent = 1:200), only the substituted propanedioic esters (4a-h) were isolated and an unidentified gummy product, probably macrocyclic or polymeric in nature, was also obtained.2132
Towards scalable and controlled synthesis of metal–organic framework materials using continuous flow reactors (2016)

Continuous flow synthesis offers potential for large-scale production of metal–organic frameworks with control of composition and microstructure for practical applications.
An Efficient, Stereocontrolled Synthesis of a Potent Omuralide−Salinosporin Hybrid for Selective Proteasome Inhibition (2005)

A short and highly stereocontrolled synthesis of the potent proteasome inhibitor 3 from the (S)-threonine-derived oxazoline 4 has been developed. The synthetic sequence is summarized in Scheme 1. Aldol coupling of the zinc enolate of 4 with isobutyraldehyde and subsequent silylation provided the TBS ether 5 diastereoselectively (10:1). Reductive cleavage of the oxazoline ring of 5 followed by Swern oxidation of the resulting amino alcohol afforded amino ketone 6, converted further by N-acylation to the acrylamide 7, whose structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Acrylamide 7 was cyclized to 8 by a novel application of the Kulinkovich Ti(II)-cyclopentene complex. Silylation of 8 to 9 and radical cyclization at low temperature produced the bicyclic lactam 10 with complete control of all stereocenters. Hydroxy desilylation and N-deprotection of 10 gave the dihydroxy ester 11, which was converted to 3 by a novel three-step sequence: (1) demethylation with [Me2AlTeMe]2, (2) combined beta-lactonization and chlorination, and (3) desilylation to effect cleavage of the TBS ether.
Health inequalities: what’s going on in youth? (1996)

Notes how the 1980 Black Report on the extent and causes of health inequalities in the UK made little mention of how these issues affect youth or young people. Questions the conclusion of the Black Report that health inequalities are a pervasive feature at all ages. Describes the “West of Scotland Twenty‐07 Study: Health in the Community” being carried out by the MRC Medical Sociology Unit, which tracked around 1,000 people in each of three age cohorts, the youngest of which was aged 15 when first interviewed in 1987. Asks questions about health, family life, life at school, leisure patterns and health‐related behaviours like exercise, diet, smoking and drug use, and about their attitudes and concerns; summarizes some of the results from this study. Concludes that in early youth, around the time of secondary education, there is less evidence of class differences in health than at any other point in the life‐course, including the earlier period of childhood, and that health is more strongly linked to where young people are heading than where they have come from.
Classics in Magnetics A Phenomenological Theory of Damping in Ferromagnetic Materials (2004)

In 1955, a phenomenological theory of ferromagnetism was well established and had been corroborated by a considerable amount of experimental data. However, there were problems in the phenomenological theory of the dynamics of the magnetization field. The Landau-Lifshitz equation for damping of the motion of the magnetization field could not account for the large noneddy-current damping in thin Permalloy sheets. The problem undertaken herein is a reformulation of the theory in a way that is more consistent with the theory of damping in other physical systems in order to be able to take large damping into account.
A calcium channel mutation causing hypokalemic periodic paralysis (1994)

The only calcium channel mutation reported to date is a deletion in the gene for the DHP-receptor alpha 1-subunit resulting in neonatal death in muscular dysgenesis mice (1). In humans, this gene maps to chromosome 1q31-32. An autosomal dominant muscle disease, hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP), has been mapped to the same region (2). Sequencing of cDNA of two patients revealed a G-to-A base exchange of nucleotide 1583 predicting a substitution of histidine for arginine528. This affects the outermost positive charge in the transmembrane segment IIS4 that is considered to participate in voltage sensing. By restriction fragment analysis, the mutation was detected in the affected members of 9 out of 25 HypoPP families. The results indicate that the DHP-receptor alpha 1-subunit mutation causes HypoPP. An altered excitation-contraction coupling may explain the occurrence of muscle weakness.
Cost, Controversy, Crisis: Low Back Pain and the Health of the Public (1991)

In recent decades, there has been remarkable growth in scientific research examining the multiple ways in which racism can adversely affect health. This interest has been driven in part by the striking persistence of racial/ethnic inequities in health and ...Read More
Characterization of adducts of nucleic bases and acrylic-monomers (1993)

Spectral data and thermodynamic calculations of adducts of purines (guanine, adenine), or pyrimidines (thymine, uracil) with acrylic monomers (acrylonitrile, ethyl acrylate and ethyl crotonate) are reported. Purine adducts derive from attack at N-7 and N-9, and pyrimidine adducts derive from attack at N-1. Acrylonitrile forms also N-1, N-3 bis adducts with pyrimidines. Structural assignment was by H-1 and C-13 NMR and using COSY-RELAY and NOE effects. Force-field calculations indicated the most stable conformations of the reaction products
A Low-Cost Binary Division Circuit for Digital Instrumentation (1974)

A simple low-cost "latched" division network is described which is capable of executing the "division by time" operation commonly required in many digital instrumentation applications. Typical of these are velocity and acceleration measurements. The division network which was implemented and is described here is capable of performing division with two 16-b numbers (1 b being the sign bit) and producing a 15-b answer within 4.0 μs (worst case delay). It uses a modified version of the restoring division technique and assumes positive numbers as input, although the modification to operate with negative numbers is possible. A comparison of this technique is made with a previously published design used in a tachometer. Results indicate that significant improvement is possible in both speed and hardware.
Identification of TNT Transformation Products in Soil (1992)

Solvent-extractable TNT transformation products have been identified in explosive-contaminated soils. Soils from U.S. Army installations were extracted with a variety of solvents (acetonitrile, methanol, acetone and methylene chloride) and the extracts were analyzed by RP-HPLC-UV or GC/MS, or both. The TNT transformation products TNB, TNBA, 2-amino-4,6-DNT and 4-amino-2, 6-DNT were generally found in concert with TNT. In addition, dinitroaniline, a reduction product of TNB, was also identified in several soils. Degradation, Pollution, Transformation products, Explosives, Soils, TNT.
Heterocyclic Synthesis via Enaminones: Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Some Novel Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Sulfonamide Moiety (2014)

4-Acetyl-N, N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide (1) was condensed with dimethylformamide dimethy-lacetal (DMF-DMA) to yield the enaminone, which reacts readily with different reagents to give the corresponding pyrazoles, triazolopyrimidine, imidazopyridine, pyrimidopyrimidine, pyrazolopyrimidine, benzofuran, pyranone, pyridine, pyrimidine and pyrazolopyridazine derivatives. These compounds were designed to comply with the general features of sulfonamide pharmacophore which act as Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitors. Virtual screening using molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds was performed by (MOE), the molecular docking results indicate that, some synthesized compounds suitable inhibitor against (COX-2) with further modification.
Pulsing Electromagnetic Field Therapy in Nerve Regeneration (1984)

A multidisciplinary approach to the study of peripheral nerve regeneration in the cat has been presented. The purpose of this work has been to determine if pulsing electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy can enhance peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. In equal groups of animals, two types of pulsing electromagnetic field treatment were compared with untreated controls. All animals underwent quantitative electrophysiologic and morphologic assessment at the area of injury. In addition, muscle fiber sizing in the periphery and retrograde labeling of anterior horn motoneurons with horseradish peroxidase were studied. Results have shown no statistical differences between the groups in electrophysiologic or morphologic parameters. However, in animals treated with a pulse-burst electromagnetic field there was a statistically significant improvement in the labeling and localization of anterior horn cells in the central nervous system. These results indicate that pulse-burst electromagnetic radiation can increase the numbers of motor neurons that reestablish appropriate connections to the periphery after nerve injury. It remains to be seen if this improved spinal cord organization can translate to improved peripheral functional return.
Subtractive hybridization – genetic takeaways and the search for meaning (2000)

Gene expression profiling relies on mRNA extraction from defined cell systems, which in the case of pathological processes necessarily results in the use of small quantities of tissues, sometimes as little as a few cells. This obviates the use of many systems of gene expression profiling and is best carried out using cDNA amplified by poly(A) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, which is capable of generating material representative of all the expressed genes in samples as small as one cell. Analysis of this material using subtractive hybridization compares the genes expressed at different stages of a biological/pathological process allowing identification of the all the genes upregulated during the process. The identification of the genes present is not dependent on their prior description or on the choice of genes used in a screen and as such the method is ideal for identifying novel genes or unsuspected genes. We have used the method to identify genes involved in normal osteoblastic differentiation and in Paget's disease of bone and it has been widely used to study normal differentiation and pathological processes in a number of systems. The method, its applications and its relationship with the other methods of gene expression profiling are reviewed.
Learning Blood Management in Orthopedic Surgery through Gameplay (2009)

Orthopedic surgery treats the musculoskeletal system, in which bleeding is common and can be fatal. To help train future surgeons in this complex practice, researchers designed and implemented a serious game for learning orthopedic surgery. The game focuses on teaching trainees blood management skills, which are critical for safe operations. Using state-of-the-art graphics technologies, the game provides an interactive and realistic virtual environment. It also integrates game elements, including task-oriented and time-attack scenarios, bonuses, game levels, and performance evaluation tools. To study the system's effect, the researchers conducted experiments on player completion time and off-target contacts to test their learning of psychomotor skills in blood management.
Transferrin Binding to Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Activated by Phytohemagglutinin Involves a Specific Receptor (1980)

Immunohistological studies have indicated that membrane sites binding transferrin are present upon activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In this study, we have investigated transferrin uptake in human lymphocytes exposed to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), by quantitative radiobinding and immunofluorescence in parallel. In stimulated lymphocytes, binding was maximal after a 30-min incubation, being greatest at 37 degrees C, and greater at 22 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. Although some shedding and endocytosis of transferrin occurred at 22 degrees and 37 degrees C, these factors, and resulting synthesis of new sites, did not affect measurement of binding which was found to be saturable, reversible, and specific for transferrin (K(a) 0.5-2.5 x 10(8) M(-1)). Binding was greater after a 48-h exposure to PHA than after 24 h, and was maximal at 66 h. Sequential Scatchard analysis revealed no significant elevation in affinity of interaction. However, although the total number of receptors increased, the proportion of cells in which binding of ligand was detected immunohistologically increased in parallel, and after appropriate correction, the cellular density of receptors remained relatively constant throughout (60,000-80,000 sites/cell). Increments in binding during the culture period were thus due predominantly to expansion of a population of cells bearing receptors. Similar differences in binding were apparent upon comparison of cells cultured in different doses of PHA, and in unstimulated cells binding was negligible. Transferrin receptors appear, therefore, to be readily detectable only upon lymphocytes that have been activated.
Six degree-of-freedom LIVE isolation systems, part 1 (1986)

A Total Main Rotor Isolation System (TRIS) was analyzed, designed, fabricated, and bench tested for the reduction of main rotor vibration levels transmitted to the helicopter fuselage. The TRIS consists of a six degree-of-freedom passive system using six Liquid Inertia Vibration Eliminator (LIVE) units developed by Bell Helicopter Textron. The objective of the program is to develop a helicopter isolation system that will achieve 90% (or greater) isolation at minimum weight with no degradation in vehicle stability, handling qualities, alignment tolerance, and reliability or maintainability.
Models for Intramolecular Exchange in Organic .pi.-Conjugated Open-Shell Systems: 3-Nitrenophenyl and 4-Nitrenophenyl Units Connected by 2,5-Furandiyl, 2,5-Thiophenediyl, and 2,5-Pyrrolediyl Nonalternant Exchange Linkers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModels for Intramolecular Exchange in Organic .pi.-Conjugated Open-Shell Systems: 3-Nitrenophenyl and 4-Nitrenophenyl Units Connected by 2,5-Furandiyl, 2,5-Thiophenediyl, and 2,5-Pyrrolediyl Nonalternant Exchange LinkersChris Ling and Paul M. LahtiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 19, 8784–8792Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00098a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00098a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views476Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Leptin Activates Human B Cells to Secrete TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 via JAK2/STAT3 and p38MAPK/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway (2011)

Leptin, one of the adipokines, functions as a hormone and a cytokine. In this investigation, we show for the first time that leptin, in a concentration-dependent manner, activates human peripheral blood B cells to induce secretion of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. Leptin increased B cells expressing CD25 and HLA-DR. Leptin induces phosphorylation of Janus activation kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Furthermore, leptin-induced cytokine secretion by B cells was blocked by inhibitors of JAK2, STAT3, p38MAPK, and ERK1/2. These data demonstrate that leptin activates human B cells to secrete cytokines via activation of JAK2/STAT3 and p38MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways, which may contribute to its inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties.
Dark Matter: Are Mice the Solution to Missing Heritability? (2011)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in humans have identified hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with complex traits, yet for most traits studied, the sum total of all these identified variants fail to explain a significant portion of the heritable variation. Reasons for this "missing heritability" are thought to include the existence of rare causative variants not captured by current genotyping arrays, structural variants that go undetected by existing technology, insufficient power to identify multi-gene interactions, small sample sizes, and the influence of environmental and epigenetic effects. As genotyping technologies have evolved it has become inexpensive and relatively straightforward to perform GWAS in mice. Mice offer a powerful tool for elucidating the genetic architecture of behavioral and physiological traits, and are complementary to human studies. Unlike F(2) crosses of inbred strains, advanced intercross lines, heterogeneous stocks, outbred, and wild-caught mice have more rapid breakdown of linkage disequilibrium which allow for increasingly high resolution mapping. Because some of these populations are created using a small number of founder chromosomes they are not expected to harbor rare alleles. We discuss the differences between these mouse populations and examine their potential to overcome some of the pitfalls that have plagued human GWAS studies.
Software Pipelining with Minimal Loop Overhead on Transport Triggered Architecture (2008)

On transport triggered architectures (TTAs) featuring huge scheduling freedom, parallelism is exploited at not only operation level, but also data transportation level. Software pipelining, an aggressive compiler optimization scheme for exploiting instruction level parallelism across loop iterations, has been studied extensively. However, only few efforts were focused on software pipelining on TTAs. In these existing works, intuitive yet less efficient methods were used, namely either modulo scheduling algorithm with some heuristics or parallel language to implement software pipelining on TTA. We propose a new software pipelining method on TTAs in order to fully evaluate the scope of scheduling freedom of TTA and take advantage of it. In this paper, we formulate the problem of constructing a resource constrained rate-optimal software pipelining with minimal loop overhead on TTAs as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem. The formulated problem is solved with GNU Linear Programming Kit (GLPK). We apply our approach to major loops in Livermore loop benchmarks. Comparing with the previous schedulers implemented with modulo scheduling algorithm, our ILP approach creates schedules which bring significant performance enhancement to applications on TTA.
Draft Genome Sequences of Clinical Isolates of Serotype 6E Streptococcus pneumoniae from Five Asian Countries (2017)

Although serotype 6E <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> consistently expresses capsules of either vaccine-serotype 6A or 6B, certain genetic variants of serotype 6E may evade vaccine induced immunity. Thus, draft genome sequences from five clinical isolates of serotype 6E from each of five different Asian countries have been generated to provide insight into the genomic diversity in serotype 6E strains.
Thermoresponsive and Redox Behaviors of Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Block Copolymers Having TEMPO Groups as Their Side Chains (2013)

Thermoresponsive and redox-active block copolymers having 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) moieties have been synthesized by using the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique. N -Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl methacrylate (TEMPMA) monomers were copolymerized stepwise under RAFT polymerization conditions to afford the thermoresponsive block copolymers, PNIPAAm- block -PTEMPMA and PNIPAAm- block -PTEMPMA- block -PNIPAAm. Oxidation of tetramethylpiperidine groups in the copolymers successfully afforded the corresponding TEMPO-containing block copolymers. The resulting triblock copolymer was found to be thermoresponsive showing lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 34 ∘ C in its aqueous solution. Redox behavior of the resulting copolymer was observed by cyclic voltammetry. The potential of anodic current peak changed below and above the LCST of the block copolymer. These results indicate that the phase transition of thermoresponsive polymer influences the redox potential of TEMPO moieties.