gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ammonia Losses from Surface‐Applied Nitrogen Fertilizer as Controlled by Soluble Calcium and Magnesium: General Theory (1981)

Abstract Ammonia volatilization from soils after surface application of urea or inorganic N was reduced by Ca and Mg nitrates or chlorides. Sulfates were only slightly effective. Suppression of NH 3 loss was a result of two chemical reactions: (i) precipitation of CO 3 by Ca, thus preventing permanent (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ·H 2 O (AC) formation, and (ii) Ca depression of soil pH by depression of the dissociation of the CaCO 3 ‐Ca(OH) 2 buffer system. Soil pH values as low as 6.5 were recorded in calcareous soil and 3.9 and 4.5 in the acid soils after addition of Ca. Soil pH values in the presence of Ca reached approximate neutrality in 24 hours even in acid soils. Soil pH without Ca but with AC increased to > 9.0 in every soil. Addition of AC plus Ca reduced the pH of calcareous soil to 5.3 and raised it to 5.7 in acid soils. Calcium carbonate precipitation eventually occurred in acid soils, preventing high NH 3 losses. Evidently, CaCO 3 precipitated on the surface of acid soils after the pH reached a certain critical value and, as expected, the pH was maintained near that of the pure CaCO 3 system.
An experimental search for phytoplanktonic algae producing external metabolites which condition natural sea waters (1981)

In a search for phytoplanktonic algae which may condition water masses by excreted metabolites monocultures of 29 species of diatoms and flagellates, also of one sedentary alga, were tested with developing eggs and larvae of two species of sea-urchin and of a polychaete. Results indicated that about half of the algal species examined, using both unfiltered cultures and filtrates from them, probably do not produce metabolites affecting development of the three animal species employed in this work. Others were harmful or favourable to them in various ways. One flagellate species in particular, Olisthodiscus luteus N. Carter was of outstanding interest, with effects on larvae varying from toxic to favourable according to culture density and amount of dilution with normal sea water. Ancillary experiments eliminated the possibility that excessively high or low pH could be responsible for observed effects, while others showed that in a semi-toxic environment crowding of eggs and larvae can be beneficial but not in non-toxic media. In the main experimental search for possible effects of metabolites, eggs and larvae were never crowded.
Perspectives d'intégration a l'Union européenne et formation des systèmes de partis dans les pays d'Europe orientale (2001)

La Roumanie, la Bulgarie, la Lituanie et la Lettonie ne sont pas appelées à figurer dans la « première vague » d’élargissement de l’Union européenne ; toute perspective d’intégration ne leur est pas fermée cependant. Cette position expectante explique la formation de systèmes de partis originaux qui ne peuvent être analysés à travers le prisme classique de Stein Rokkan et Seymour Martin Lipset : dans les pays considérés, les formations politiques ne reflètent pas simplement des conflits structuraux d’origine interne ; de tels conflits sont bien observés mais ils sont filtrés par les perspectives d’adhésion à l’Union européenne ; les programmes élaborés par les différents partis combinent défense d’intérêts catégoriels et réponse aux mots d’ordre extérieurs ; ils composent des paysages politiques cohérents et évolutifs à la fois.
Microstructural Features and Mechanical Properties Induced by the Spray Forming and Cold Rolling of the Cu-13.5 wt pct Sn Alloy (2009)

Copper alloys with high strength and high conductivity are an important functional material with full of potential applications. In the present investigation, a bronze with higher tin content (Cu-13.5 wt pct Sn) was prepared successfully by spray forming, the feasibility of cold rolling this alloy was investigated, and the cold rolling characteristics of this alloy have also been discussed. The results indicate that the spray-formed Cu-13.5 wt pct Sn alloy, compared with the as-cast ingot, shows a quite fine and homogeneous single-phase structure, and, therefore shows an excellent workability. It can be cold-rolled with nearly 15% reduction in the thickness per pass and the total reduction can reach 80%. The classical border between the wrought and cast alloys is shifted to considerably higher tin contents by spray forming. After proper thermo-mechanical treatment, spray-formed Cu-13.5 wt pct Sn alloy exhibits excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. Particularly, it shows a low elastic modulus (similar to 88 GPa) and a high flow stress (over 800 MPa) after cold forming. This combination of properties is unique in the domain of metallic materials and could open new possibilities in spring technology field.
Micellar Weights of and Solubilization of Benzene by a Series of Tetradecylammonium Bromides. The Effect of the Size of the Charged Head<sup>1a</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicellar Weights of and Solubilization of Benzene by a Series of Tetradecylammonium Bromides. The Effect of the Size of the Charged Head1aRaymond L. Venable and Robert V. NaumanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1964, 68, 12, 3498–3503Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/j100794a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (689 KB) Get e-Alerts
Enhanced Expression and Activation of the Alternative Oxidase during Infection of Arabidopsis with<i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv tomato1 (1999)

Cyanide-resistant ("alternative") respiration was studied in Arabidopsis during incompatible and compatible infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Total leaf respiration increased as the leaves became necrotic, as did the cyanide-resistant component that was sensitive to salicylhydroxamic acid. Infiltration of leaves with an avirulent strain rapidly induced alternative oxidase (AOX) mRNA, whereas the increase was delayed in the compatible combination. The increase in mRNA correlated with the increase in AOX protein. Increased expression was confined to the infected leaves, in contrast to the pathogenesis-related protein-1, which was induced systemically. Virtually all of the AOX protein was in the reduced (high-activity) form. Using transgenic NahG and mutant npr1-1 and etr1-1 plants, we established that the rapid induction of the AOX was associated with necrosis and that ethylene, but not salicylic acid, was required for its induction. Increased pyruvate levels in the infected leaves suggested that increased substrate levels were respired through the alternative pathway; however, in the control leaves and the infected leaves, respiration was not inhibited by salicylhydroxamic acid alone. Increased respiration appeared to be associated primarily with symptom expression rather than resistance reactions.
Interferon-α exacerbates neuropsychiatric phenotypes in lupus-prone mice (2019)

Our research verified that IFN-α plays a critical role in NP-SLE and provides a comprehensive NP-SLE mouse model for dissecting the mechanisms of NP-SLE and developing novel therapies for intervention.
Co‐culture of rabbit 2‐Cell embryos with rabbit oviduct epithelial cells and other somatic cells (1990)

Rabbit 2-cell embryos were co-cultured in Basel Synthetic Medium II + 10% fetal bovine serum with one of the following: primary cultures of rabbit oviduct epithelial cells (ROEC), a rabbit kidney epithelioid cell line (RK13), a rabbit epidermal epithelioid cell line (Sf1), or a rabbit skin fibroblast-like cell line (RAB9). Embryos cultured in medium alone served as controls. After 4 d of culture at 39 degrees C in 5% CO2 in air, 77-93% of the rabbit embryos which were co-cultured with somatic cells had reached the blastocyst stage, and 60-76% were hatching through their zonae pellucidae. These percentages, however, were not significantly different (P greater than .05) from those of embryos in medium alone, of which 90% had reached the blastocyst stage and 83% were hatching. Mean intrazonal embryo diameters also did not differ significantly among treatments (239-302 microns). Bovine 1-8-cell embryos were also co-cultured with ROEC. This stimulated 60% of these embryos to develop beyond the so-called "16-cell block" in vitro, whereas 0% of the embryos cultured in medium alone developed past this block. Evaluation of the ROEC cultures by light microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and gel electrophoretic analysis of conditioned medium, together with the positive results with bovine embryos, indicate that the ROEC culture partially simulates oviductal conditions in vivo. Therefore, our results suggest that oviduct epithelial cells may play a less pivotal role in regulating early development in the rabbit than in the cow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of CdS Buffer Layers on Photoluminescence Properties of Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub>Solar Cells (2015)

Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) absorber layers grown by sputtering were investigated by photoluminescence before and after the chemical bath deposition of CdS in order to evaluate the possible passivation of point defects by Cd atoms at the absorber/buffer layer interface. According to the literature, a broad emission around 1.21 eV was observed at low temperature under above bandgap excitation of the as-grown CZTS samples. Broad bands at 1.075 eV and 0.85 eV were detected for the first time under below bandgap excitation of the as-grown CZTS samples at low temperature, which were explained in terms of radiative transitions involving point defect-related levels determined in the literature by first-principles calculations. The emissions observed in the as-grown samples were monitored by both above and below bandgap excitations also in standard CZTS solar cells produced on the same layers. The obtained results suggest that, as in the case of Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 , Cd atoms passivate point defects at the absorber/buffer layer interface also in CZTS.
Micro-Analysis of Pure Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Dependent Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase from<i>Escherichia coli,</i>VI. Determination of the Amino Acid Composition (1970)

Article Micro-Analysis of Pure Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Dependent Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase from Escherichia coli, VI. Determination of the Amino Acid Composition was published on January 1, 1970 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 351, issue 2).
Effects of carbon fillers on the rheology of highly filled liquid‐crystal polymer based resins (2008)

Abstract Adding conductive carbon fillers to insulating resins increases the composite electrical and thermal conductivity. Often, enough of a single type of carbon filler is added to achieve the desired conductivity while still allowing the material to be molded into a bipolar plate for a fuel cell. In this study, various amounts of three different carbons (carbon black, synthetic graphite particles, and carbon fiber) were added to Vectra A950RX liquid‐crystal polymer. The rheological properties of the resulting single‐filler composites were measured. In addition, the rheological properties of composites containing combinations of different carbon fillers were studied via a factorial design. In all cases, the viscosity increased with increasing filler volume fraction and followed a shear‐thinning power‐law model. The factorial design results indicated that each of the single fillers and all the filler combinations caused a statistically significant increase in the composite viscosity when compared at a shear rate of 500 s −1 or at a stress of 10 5 Pa. For composites containing synthetic graphite particles and/or carbon fiber, the viscosity variation with the volume fraction of carbon followed a modified Maron–Pierce equation. When compared at a constant volume fraction of carbon, composites containing carbon black showed viscosity enhancement above and beyond that shown by the other composites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Physiological assessment of renal artery stenosis: Comparisons of resting with hyperemic renal pressure measurements (2010)

Renin production, an index of renal ischemia, was markedly greater at hyperemia than at rest, suggesting that RAS, with either an HSG of 21 mm Hg or a renal FFR of 0.90, can be considered a hemodynamically significant stenosis. Intrarenal papaverine neither prolonged the QT interval nor induced ventricular arrhythmias and the safety of which will need to be corroborated in a large study. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Rapid Characterization of Amine-Functionalized Silica (2012)

Amine-functionalized colloidal silica finds use in a variety of applications and fundamental investigations. To explore convenient methods of synthesis and characterization of research-grade materials in relatively large quantities, nearly monodisperse colloidal silica particles were prepared by base-catalyzed hydrolysis of reagent-grade tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) without the traditional time- and energy-consuming distillation step. Radius was varied reliably from 30 to 125 nm by changing the water/TEOS ratio. Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) methods with online light scattering detection proved effective in assessing the uniformity of the various preparations. Even highly uniform commercial standards were resolved by AF4. The surface of the colloidal silica was decorated with amino groups using (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane and spacer methyl groups from methyl-trimethoxysilane. The surface density of amino groups was quantified spectrophotometrically after reaction with ninhydrin; the nature of this analysis avoids interference from sample turbidity. As an alternative to the ninhydrin test, an empirical relationship between surface density of amino groups and zeta potential at low pH was found. The size of the colloidal silica was predictably decreased by etching with HF; this method will be effective for some preparations, despite a modest reduction in size uniformity.
Calibration of charge state conversion surfaces for neutral particle detectors (2008)

Molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions were scattered off hydrogen terminated diamondlike carbon (DLC) charge state conversion surfaces at incident grazing angles. The energy range of the scattered particles was 390–1000 eV, and the surface roughness of the DLC surface was of the order of 1 Å rms. For all surfaces almost equal angular scattering and negative ion fractions were found within the uncertainties of the measurement. This result supports the fact that charge state conversion with DLC surfaces is a reliable technology for neutral particle sensing instruments. Furthermore, these instruments can work in the laboratory as well as in the harsh environment on board a satellite.The surfaces measured here are used in the IBEX-lo sensor, a neutral particle sensing instrument on the NASA IBEX mission, which is scheduled for launch into orbit around Earth in July 2008.
Navigation system for product search (2010)

We demonstrate Product EntityCube, a product recommendation and navigation system. While the unprecedented scale of a product search portal enables to satisfy users with diverse needs, this scale also complicates product recommendation. Specifically, our target application poses a unique challenge of overcoming insufficient user profiles and feedbacks. To address this problem, we organize query results into clusters representing different user perceptions of similarity, and provide a navigational UI to handle personal interests. Specifically, we first discuss hybrid object clustering capturing diverse user interests from millions of Web pages and disambiguating different perceptions using feature-based similarity. We then discuss skyline object ranking to highlight interesting items at each cluster. Our demonstration illustrates how Product EntityCube can enrich user product shopping experiences.
Slower Rates of Clearance of Viral Load and Virus‐Containing Immune Complexes in Patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (2006)

These findings indicate that slower rates of clearance of viral load and virus-containing immune complexes are associated with subsequent immune activation and contribute to the progression of DHF at this critical stage. Moreover, viral load on the day of defervescence can predict cases of DHF.
Transaction Based Modeling and Verification of Hardware Protocols (2007)

Modeling hardware through atomic guard/action transitions with interleaving semantics is popular, owing to the conceptual clarity of modeling and verifying the high level behavior of hardware. In mapping such specifications into hardware, designers often decompose each specification transition into sequences of implementation transitions taking one clock cycle each. Some implementation transitions realizing a specification transition overlap. The implementation transitions realizing different specification transitions can also overlap. We present a formal theory of refinement, showing how a collection of such implementation transitions can be shown to realize a specification. We present a modular refinement verification approach by developing abstraction and assume-guarantee principles that allow implementation transitions realizing a single specification transition to be situated in sufficiently general environments. Illustrated on a non-trivial VHDL cache coherence engine, our work may allow designers to design high performance controllers without being constrained by fixed automated synthesis scripts, and still conduct modular verification.
GaAs metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor with nanometer-thin dielectric grown by atomic layer deposition (2003)

A GaAs metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with thin Al2O3 gate dielectric in nanometer (nm) range grown by atomic layer deposition is demonstrated. The nm-thin oxide layer with significant gate leakage current suppression is one of the key factors in downsizing field-effect transistors. A 1 μm gate-length depletion-mode n-channel GaAs MOSFET with an Al2O3 gate oxide thickness of 8 nm, an equivalent SiO2 thickness of ∼3 nm, shows a broad maximum transconductance of 120 mS/mm and a drain current of more than 400 mA/mm. The device shows a good linearity, low gate leakage current, and negligible hysteresis in drain current in a wide range of bias voltage.
Recent developments in piezoelectric immunosensors. A review (1994)

The development of piezoelectric (PZ) devices as immunosensors is reviewed. The recent advances in sensor design have stimulated great interest in PZ technology and facilitated diverse applications in a variety of matrices. Methods of antibody immobilization on crystals and several applications are reported including microgravimetric immunoassays, microbial toxins and other contaminants.
Antioxidant Supplements Block the Response of HDL to Simvastatin-Niacin Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Low HDL (2001)

One strategy for treating coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is to maximally increase the HDL-C to LDL-C ratio by combining lifestyle changes with niacin (N) plus a statin. Because HDL can prevent LDL oxidation, the low-HDL state also may benefit clinically from supplemental antioxidants. Lipoprotein changes over 12 months were studied in 153 CAD subjects with low HDL-C randomized to take simvastatin and niacin (S-N), antioxidants (vitamins E and C, beta-carotene, and selenium), S-N plus antioxidants (S-N+A), or placebo. Mean baseline plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels of the 153 subjects were 196, 207, 127, and 32 mg/dL, respectively. Without S-N, lipid changes were minor. The S-N and S-N+A groups had comparably significant reductions (P</=0.001) in plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C. However, increases in HDL-C, especially HDL(2)-C, were consistently higher in the S-N group than in the S-N+A group (25% vs 18% and 42% vs 0%, respectively). With S-N, but not with S-N+A, there was a selective increase in apolipoprotein (apo) A-I (64%) in HDL particles containing apo A-I but not A-II [Lp(A-I)] and their particle size. Thus, in CAD patients with low HDL-C, S-N substantially increased HDL(2)-C, Lp(A-I), and HDL particle size. These favorable responses were blunted by the antioxidants used owing to a striking selective effect on Lp(A-I). This unexpected adverse interaction between antioxidants and lipid therapy may have important implications for the management of CAD.
Passive multi target tracking with GM-PHD filter (2010)

This paper considers the challenging problem of multitarget tracking with passive data, obtained here by geographically distributed cameras. We use a Gaussian Mixture Probability Hypothesis Density filter approach to solve this difficult problem. As we make no spatial assumptions for the birth process, we use a slightly modified filter to obtain our results. We first describe the modified filter and detail our application before we present some results obtained on a realistic test scenario. Our simulations demonstrate that the proposed Probability Hypothesis Density filter is a promising candidate for three dimensional passive multi target tracking in clutter.
Modulation of intercellular ROS signaling of human tumor cells. (2009)

Tumor cells are resistant against apoptosis-inducing intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling but can be resensitized by the inhibition of catalase. Hydrogen peroxide exhibits a dual role in the modulation of intercellular ROS signaling. When suboptimal concentrations of the catalase inhibitior 3-aminotriazole (3-AT) are applied, additional exogenous hydrogen peroxide shifts apoptosis induction to its optimum. When hydrogen peroxide is added at optimal concentrations of 3-AT, or when higher concentrations of 3-AT are applied, the subsequent consumption between HOCl and hydrogen peroxide blunts overall apoptosis induction. These supraoptimal conditions can be brought back to the optimum through excess myeloperoxidase (MPO), partial removal of hydrogen peroxide through the catalase mimetic EUK-134 or partial inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Exogenous nitric oxide (NO) interferes with HOCl signaling through consumption of hydrogen peroxide. Site-specific generation of hydroxyl radicals at the cell membrane of tumor cells induces apoptosis, whereas random HOCl-superoxide anion interaction, and ferrous iron-induced Fenton chemistry of HOCl inhibit intercellular ROS signaling.