gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Voice Analysis in the Assessment of Bulbar Involvement in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (1999)

Bulbar and pseudobulbar symptoms are diagnostic criteria of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). One of the earliest symptoms of bulbar involvement is voice deterioration. Until now voice assessment in ALS patients has been done mainly by perceptual analysis. The objective parameters, including acoustic measures, one aerodynamic measure and the maximal phonation time, have been measured only in a few small series of patients. The first purpose of this prospective study was to determine which vocal parameters discriminate ALS patients with bulbar involvement from control patients. The second was to identify sensitive parameters for early detection of voice deterioration due to bulbar involvement in pre-symptomatic ALS patients. The voices of 63 female ALS patients, including 40 with bulbar symptoms (sALS patients) and 23 without bulbar symptoms (aALS patients), were studied using an objective voice analysis system that allows simultaneous analysis of acoustic and aerodynamic parameters. Measurements were compared with those obtained in 40 normal female subjects (control patients). Five of eight acoustic parameters were significantly different among the three groups: jitter, coefficient of variation for frequency, shimmer, number of harmonics, and maximum phonatory frequency range. Three aerodynamic parameters, phonatory airflow, cycle-to-cycle variation for phonatory airflow, and coefficient of variation for phonatory airflow were significantly different between sALS patients and control patients. No aerodynamic parameter allowed discrimination between aALS patients and control patients. This study shows that acoustic parameters are more sensitive than aerodynamic parameters for early detection of bulbar involvement. Nevertheless, the measurements used can predict bulbar involvement in 73% of those in the sALS group, but only in 52% of those in the aALS group.
Use of NG2 (7.1) in AML as a tumor marker and its association with a poor prognosis. (2010)

We analyzed 70 bone marrow (BM) samples from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients for 11q23 aberrations and reactivity with the monoclonal antibody NG2. NG2 reactivity correlated with FAB-M5 (50% positive cases, with an average of 32% NG2(+) cells), as well as with 11q23 aberrations. We detected NG2(+) cells in AML cases with normal karyotype, however, not in healthy BM cells. This means that NG2 qualifies as a reliable AML blast tumor marker, enabling monitoring of the course of AML independently of, although often associated with, 11q23-aberrations. Patients with more than 10% NG2(+) cells showed a tendency to have a shorter progression-free survival (mean: 7 months) than patients with fewer than 10% NG2(+) cells (mean survival: 17 months; p=0.08). While 31% of the patients with NG2(+) cells responded to chemotherapy, 58% of the group with NG2(+) cells did not respond (p=0.047). In conclusion, NG2 detects many, but not all 11q23 aberrations and other cases without 11q23 aberrations. However, it does not react with healthy BM cells, thereby contributing to the detection of patients with poor prognosis.
Temperature Compensated High Coupling and High Quality Factor ZnO/SiO, Bulk Wave Resonators on High Resistance Substrates (1984)

The influence of the parasitic p arallel branch formed between the top and bottom electrodes of the ZnO/SiO, composite bulk wave resonator is eliminated by using a semi-insulating GaAs substrate or by limiting the l ead and pad of the top electrode inside the diaphragm area made of the insulating ZnO and SiO, films. The former resonator without energy trapping-configu ration g ives the coupling factor k of 16% and the mechanical quality f actor Q of 740 at 114.2MH.z. The latter with energy
Comparison of culture and serology for the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection in kidney and liver transplant recipients (1990)

This study compared culture, including the shell vial procedure, with serology, including IgM cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody testing, for the diagnosis of CMV infection in 42 subjects un-dergoing cadaveric renal or liver transplantation. Of 3S subjects who developed active CMV in-fection, 31 had positive cultures, while IgM CMV antibodies were detected in 29. Subjects with symptomatic CMV infection were more likely than asymptomatic subjects to have positive cul-tures of leukocytes (17/18 vs. 9/17, P =.01).In contrast, symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects did not differ in their IgG or IgM CMV antibody test responses. In subjects with symptomatic infection, viral shedding typically began early in the course of infection, often preceding symp-toms, while the serologic response usually followed the appearance of symptoms. With the use of the shell vial procedure to facilitate detection of positive cultures, symptomatic CMV infec-tions following kidney or liver transplantation can be recognized earlier and more reliably using viral culture than by serologic testing. In recent years, the number of patients undergoing organ transplantation has increased markedly. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) continues to be a major infectious cause ofmorbidity
Delayed Administration of Human Umbilical Tissue-Derived Cells Improved Neurological Functional Recovery in a Rodent Model of Focal Ischemia (2011)

These results indicate effectiveness of intravenous administration of human umbilical tissue-derived cells in a rodent stroke model compared with phosphate-buffered saline control and warrant further investigation for possible use in humans.
Snap-Through of Unsymmetric Cross-Ply Laminates Using Piezoceramic Actuators (2003)

The paper discusses the concept of using a piezoceramic actuator bonded to one side of a two-layer unsymmetric cross ply [0/90] T laminate to provide the moments necessary to snap the laminate from one stable equilibrium shape to another. The results presented are considered an alternative to existing morphing concepts wherein actuators are used to elastically warp structures into a shape other than their natural and unique equilibrium shape. These existing concepts require the continuous application of power to maintain the warped shape. With the concept discussed here, the actuators are used only to change from one equilibrium shape to another, so continuous power is not needed. The paper discusses several phases of modeling, including bonding the actuator to the laminate and applying voltage to the actuator to effect the shape change, and experimental work. Two models are developed, a simple model and a more refined one. Both are based on the Rayleigh-Ritz technique and the use of energy and variational methods. The experimental phase of the study is discussed, particularly the measurement of the voltage level needed to snap the laminate. The voltage measurements are compared with predictions and the agreement between measurements and the predictions of the refined model are reasonable, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Suggestions for future activities are presented.
Oc015—Up-Titration Study With Ponesimod, A Selective S1p1 Receptor Modulator, To Assess Its Maximum Tolerated Dose In Healthy Subjects (2013)

Ponesimod is a selective sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P1) receptor modulator currently in clinical development for multiple sclerosis and plaque psoriasis. The aim of this study was to assess the maximum tolerated dose of increasing multiple doses (3-day titration steps) of ponesimod in healthy subjects.
Beta-methyl[1-11C]heptadecanoic acid: a new myocardial metabolic tracer for positron emission tomography. (1982)

We have tagged heptadecanoic acid with C-11 at the carboxyl group and have inserted a methyl radical in the beta position to inhibit beta oxidation of the fatty acid; we have then explored the tracer's potential as an indicator of myocardial metabolism for use with the positron tomograph. In this preliminary evaluation, biodistribution studies were made in rats and dogs, and imaging of normal and infarcted dogs was performed. At 30 min the tissue distribution studies in rats and dogs showed, respectively, 1.9% and 8.3% uptake in the heart. Sequential images of the canine heart exhibited a remarkable uptake, peaking at 16-18 min and retaining the same level of activity over the one-hour study period. Images of the heart after LAD ligation showed an area of diminished uptake corresponding to the region of infarction. Thus this agent has the basic properties required for potential use in the assessment and quantitation of free fatty-acid metabolism in the heart in a manner similar to the measurement of glucose metabolism in the brain with 2-[18F]fluoro-3-deoxy-D-glucose.
Robust ultrasound travel-time tomography using the bent ray model (2010)

We present a bent ray reconstruction algorithm for an ultrasound tomography (UT) scanner designed for breast screening. The scanner consists of a circular array of transmitters and receivers which encloses the object to be imaged. By solving a nonlinear system of equations, the reconstruction algorithm estimates the sound speed of the object using the set of travel-time measurements. The main difficulty in this inverse problem is to ensure the convergence and robustness to noise. In this paper, we propose a gradient method to find a solution for which the corresponding travel-times are closest to the measured travel-times in the least squares sense. To this end, first the gradient of the cost function is derived using Fermat's Principle. Then, the iterative nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm solves the minimization problem. This is combined with the backtracking line search method to efficiently find the step size in each iteration. This approach is guaranteed to converge to a local minimum of the cost function where the convergence point depends on the initial guess. Moreover, the method has the potential to easily incorporate regularity constraints such as sparsity as a priori information on the model. The method is tested both numerically and using in vivo data obtained from a UT scanner. The results confirm the stability and robustness of our approach for breast screening applications.
On a Test of Whether one of Two Random Variables is Stochastically Larger than the Other (1947)

Let $x$ and $y$ be two random variables with continuous cumulative distribution functions $f$ and $g$. A statistic $U$ depending on the relative ranks of the $x$'s and $y$'s is proposed for testing the hypothesis $f = g$. Wilcoxon proposed an equivalent test in the Biometrics Bulletin, December, 1945, but gave only a few points of the distribution of his statistic. Under the hypothesis $f = g$ the probability of obtaining a given $U$ in a sample of $n x's$ and $m y's$ is the solution of a certain recurrence relation involving $n$ and $m$. Using this recurrence relation tables have been computed giving the probability of $U$ for samples up to $n = m = 8$. At this point the distribution is almost normal. From the recurrence relation explicit expressions for the mean, variance, and fourth moment are obtained. The 2rth moment is shown to have a certain form which enabled us to prove that the limit distribution is normal if $m, n$ go to infinity in any arbitrary manner. The test is shown to be consistent with respect to the class of alternatives $f(x) > g(x)$ for every $x$.
Kinetics of the reactions of the OH radical with HCHO and CH3CHO over the temperature range 299–426°K (1978)

Absolute rate constants for the reactions of the OH radical with HCHO and CH3CHO have been determined over the temperature range 299–426°K by a flash photolysis–resonance fluorescence technique. The Arrhenius expressions obtained are k (HCHO) =1.25×10−11 e−(175±300)/RT cm3 molecule−1⋅sec−1, k (CH3CHO) =6.87×10−12 e(510±300)RT cm3 molecule−1⋅sec−1 with rate constants at room temperature of (9.4±1.0) ×10−12 cm3 molecule−1⋅sec−1 and (1.60±0.16) ×10−11 cm3 molecule−1⋅sec−1 for HCHO and CH3CHO, respectively.
Filarial Nematode Parasites Secrete a Homologue of the Human Cytokine Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (1998)

Filarial nematode parasites establish long-term chronic infections in the context of an antiparasite immunity that is strongly biased toward a Th2 response. The mechanisms that lead to this Th2 bias toward filarial antigens are not clear, but one possibility is that the parasites produce molecules that have the capacity to proactively modify their immunological environment. Here we report that filarial parasites of humans secrete a homologue of the human proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) that has the capability of modifying the activity of human monocytes/macrophages. A cDNA clone isolated from a Brugia malayi infective-stage larva expression library encoded a 12.5-kDa protein product (Bm-MIF) with 42% identity to human and murine MIF. MIF homologues were also found to be expressed in the related filarial species Wuchereria bancrofti and Onchocerca volvulus. Bm-mif was transcribed by adult and larval parasites, and the protein product was found in somatic extracts and in the parasite's excretory-secretory products. Immunohistocytochemistry revealed that Bm-MIF was localized to cells of the hypodermis/lateral chord, the uterine wall, and larvae developing in utero. Unexpectedly, the activities of recombinant Bm-MIF and human MIF on human monocytes/macrophages were found to be similar. When placed with monocytes/macrophages in a cell migration assay, Bm-MIF inhibited random migration. When placed away from cells, Bm-MIF induced an increase in monocyte/macrophage migration that was specifically inhibited by neutralizing anti-Bm-MIF antibodies. Bm-MIF is the first demonstration that helminth parasites produce cytokine homologues that have the potential to modify host immune responses to promote parasite survival.
Stability Analysis of Polynomial-Fuzzy-Model-Based Control Systems With Mismatched Premise Membership Functions (2013)

This paper investigates the stability of polynomial-fuzzy-model-based (PFMB) control system, which is formed by a polynomial fuzzy model and a polynomial fuzzy controller connected in a closed loop. To enhance the design flexibility, the number of rules and the shape of premise membership functions of the polynomial fuzzy controller are considered to be chosen freely and are different from those of the polynomial fuzzy model, however, which make the stability analysis more difficult and potentially lead to conservative stability analysis result. A sum-of-squares (SOS)-based stability analysis approach using the Lyapunov stability theory is proposed to investigate the stability of the PFMB control systems and synthesize the polynomial fuzzy controller. To facilitate the stability analysis and relax the stability analysis result, the property of the membership functions and the boundary information of the membership grades and premise variables are taken into account in the stability analysis and incorporated into the SOS-based stability conditions. A simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Field repair and construction of large hydropower equipment with a portable robot (2011)

Abstract Field repair work on large hydropower equipment is rarely automated due to the high complexity of the task. Generally, the work is done manually or the equipment is dismantled and repaired off site at greatly added cost and time. This paper surveys work carried out with the SCOMPI robot in the field on large hydropower equipment. SCOMPI is a small, portable, multiprocess, track‐based robot. This paper is the continuation of another paper in which the fundamentals of the robot technology are described in greater detail. Over the past 15 years, SCOMPIs have been extensively employed for a variety of field applications on equipment such as turbines, head gates, spillway gates, and penstocks. Initially designed to repair cavitation damage to turbines, the robots are now applied to reinforce turbines or to improve their performance in terms of efficiency. More recently, they have been used for the refurbishment of gates and for the construction of penstocks. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Silicon-Containing Organic Conjugated Materials for Light Emitting Diodes (2010)

This thesis contains a study of polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) for commercial use within blue organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display technologies. The introduction chapter outlines the aims and synthetic strategies / targets employed during the research and gives background information as to the historical development of OLEDs and PLEDs. The first chapter of research involves the synthesis of several alternating co-polymers of dibenzosilole (a previously reported monomer used in light emitting devices), along with the prerequisite monomers. These co-polymers have been fully characterised and their optoelectronic properties evaluated. The energy levels of the co-polymers (HOMO / LUMO) were measured, then compared with each other and used to establish correlations between these values and the use of co-monomers and the polymer backbone linearity. By tuning the energy levels of conjugated polymers, it is possible to alter both the energy of the light emitted (and therefore the colour) and also improve the charge-injection balance within the OLED device, thereby improving lifetimes and performance. This research was primarily concerned with blue light-emission, therefore these energy level studies were conducted with a view to achieving blue light emission with the desired CIE coordinates and luminance. The novel co-polymers were used to fabricate several prototype OLED devices and the performance of these has been evaluated. The second chapter of research contains a study of several novel silicon-containing monomer structures, for incorporation into conjugated PLEDs. The first structure is a disilaanthracene derivative and the attempted synthesis of this monomer is reported. The other two monomers are based on spirosilabifluorene and the syntheses and full characterisations are reported. Attempts at the coupling of these monomers were made, using several different known coupling reactions including Suzuki, Stille and Kumada. The attempted coupling products were simple trimers, using 9,9-dioctylfluorene as a co-monomer. These were to be used in small molecule organic light-emitting diodes (SMOLEDs). The outcomes of these coupling reactions are described.
Inhibitors of chitinases (1999)

In this review we describe inhibition of chitinases from bacteria, fungi, plants and animals by allosamidin and its derivatives, cyclic peptides, styloguanidin and divalent cations. Most information is available for allosamidin, whose important structural features necessary for inhibition are known. At least one N-acetylallosamine sugar must be present, and the spatial arrangement of the allosamizoline moiety are important for inhibition. Less complex compounds are therefore possible as lead structures for the development of agents interfering with chitinase. There is a pronounced species specificity in chitinase inhibition by allosamidin: half-maximal values are often in the range of 0.1-1 microM (e.g. in all arthropods), being lower in nematodes (0.048, 0.0002 microM, respectively) and amoeba (0.002-0.01 microM) and quite divergent in fungi (0.01-70 microM). These differences cannot be caused by the catalytic centers of family 18 and 19 chitinases.
Cache based recurrent neural network language model inference for first pass speech recognition (2014)

Recurrent neural network language models (RNNLMs) have recently produced improvements on language processing tasks ranging from machine translation to word tagging and speech recognition. To date, however, the computational expense of RNNLMs has hampered their application to first pass decoding. In this paper, we show that by restricting the RNNLM calls to those words that receive a reasonable score according to a n-gram model, and by deploying a set of caches, we can reduce the cost of using an RNNLM in the first pass to that of using an additional n-gram model. We compare this scheme to lattice rescoring, and find that they produce comparable results for a Bing Voice search task. The best performance results from rescoring a lattice that is itself created with a RNNLM in the first pass.
Isolation and cDNA Cloning of a Novel Galanin-like Peptide (GALP) from Porcine Hypothalamus (1999)

Galanin is a widely distributed neuropeptide with a variety of physiological functions. Three galanin receptor subtypes, GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3, have been reported. We isolated a novel galanin-like peptide (GALP) from porcine hypothalamus by observing its activity for increasing [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding to a membrane preparation of GALR2-transfected cells. The peptide had 60 amino acid residues and a non-amidated C terminus. The amino acid sequence of GALP-(9-21) was completely identical to that of galanin-(1-13). A cloned porcine GALP cDNA indicated that GALP was processed from a 120-amino acid GALP precursor protein. The structures of rat and human GALP-(1-60) were deduced from cloned cDNA, which indicated that the amino acid sequences 1-24 and 41-53 were highly conserved between humans, rats, and pigs. Receptor binding studies revealed that porcine GALP-(1-60) had a high affinity for the GALR2 receptor (IC(50) = 0.24 nM) and a lower affinity for the GALR1 receptor (IC(50) = 4.3 nM). In contrast, galanin showed high affinity for the GALR1 (IC(50) = 0.097 nM) and GALR2 receptors (IC(50) = 0.48 nM). GALP is therefore an endogenous ligand that preferentially binds the GALR2 receptor, whereas galanin is relatively non-selective.
A novel multifunctional <i>O</i> -methyltransferase implicated in a dual methylation pathway associated with lignin biosynthesis in loblolly pine (1997)

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent O-methyltransferases (OMTs) catalyze the methylation of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives for the synthesis of methylated plant polyphenolics, including lignin. The distinction in the extent of methylation of lignins in angiosperms and gymnosperms, mediated by substrate-specific OMTs, represents one of the fundamental differences in lignin biosynthesis between these two classes of plants. In angiosperms, two types of structurally and functionally distinct lignin pathway OMTs, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferases (CAOMTs) and caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferases (CCoAOMTs), have been reported and extensively studied. However, little is known about lignin pathway OMTs in gymnosperms. We report here the first cloning of a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) xylem cDNA encoding a multifunctional enzyme, SAM:hydroxycinnamic Acids/hydroxycinnamoyl CoA Esters OMT (AEOMT). The deduced protein sequence of AEOMT is partially similar to, but clearly distinguishable from, that of CAOMTs and does not exhibit any significant similarity with CCoAOMT protein sequences. However, functionally, yeast-expressed AEOMT enzyme catalyzed the methylation of CAOMT substrates, caffeic and 5-hydroxyferulic acids, as well as CCoAOMT substrates, caffeoyl CoA and 5-hydroxyferuloyl CoA esters, with similar specific activities and was completely inactive with substrates associated with flavonoid synthesis. The lignin-related substrates were also efficiently methylated in crude extracts of loblolly pine secondary xylem. Our results support the notion that, in the context of amino acid sequence and biochemical function, AEOMT represents a novel SAM-dependent OMT, with both CAOMT and CCoAOMT activities and thus the potential to mediate a dual methylation pathway in lignin biosynthesis in loblolly pine xylem.