gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smooth interpolation of orientations with angular velocity constraints using quaternions (1992)

In this paper we present methods to smoothly interpolate
orientations, given N rotational key frames of an
object along a trajectory. The methods allow the user
to impose constraints on the rotational path, such as
the angular velocity at the endpoints of the trajectory.

We convert the rotations to quaternions, and then
spline in that non-Euclidean space. Analogous to the
mathematical foundations of flat-space spline curves,
we minimize the net “tangential acceleration” of the
quaternion path. We replace the flat-space quantities
with curved-space quantities, and numerically solve the
resulting equation with finite difference and optimization
methods.
Cloning and expression of a novel Na(+)-dependent neutral amino acid transporter structurally related to mammalian Na+/glutamate cotransporters (1993)

A cDNA has been isolated from human hippocampus that appears to encode a novel Na(+)-dependent, Cl(-)-independent, neutral amino acid transporter. The putative protein, designated SATT, is 529 amino acids long and exhibits significant amino acid sequence identity (39-44%) with mammalian L-glutamate transporters. Expression of SATT cDNA in HeLa cells induced stereospecific uptake of L-serine, L-alanine, and L-threonine that was not inhibited by excess (3 mM) 2-(methylamino)-isobutyric acid, a specific substrate for the System A amino acid transporter. SATT expression in HeLa cells did not induce the transport of radiolabeled L-cysteine, L-glutamate, or related dicarboxylates. Northern blot hybridization revealed high levels of SATT mRNA in human skeletal muscle, pancreas, and brain, intermediate levels in heart, and low levels in liver, placenta, lung, and kidney. SATT transport characteristics are similar to the Na(+)-dependent neutral amino acid transport activity designated System ASC, but important differences are noted. These include: 1) SATT's apparent low expression in ASC-containing tissues such as liver or placenta; 2) the lack of mutual inhibition between serine and cysteine; and 3) the lack of trans-stimulation. SATT may represent one of multiple activities that exhibit System ASC-like transport characteristics in diverse tissues and cell lines.
Arthur Harden, 1865-1940 (1942)

Abstract Arthur Harden died on 17 June 1940 at his home at Bourne End. Harden was born in Manchester on 12 October 1865. His father was Albert Tyas Harden, a Manchester business man, who had married Miss Eliza MacAlister, of Paisley. He was the only son, but there were several sisters, and the family was brought up in an austere nonconformist atmosphere, abjuring the theatre and regarding Christmas as a pagan festival. At the age of seven years he was sent to a private school kept by Dr Ernest Adam in Victoria Park, Manchester, and four years later he went on to the Tettenhall College in Staffordshire, where he stayed until he was sixteen. In January 1882 he entered the Owen’s College, Manchester, and studied chemistry under Professor Roscoe, then at the height of his fame as a teacher. In 1885 he graduated in the Victoria University with first-class honours in chemistry. A year later he was awarded the Dalton scholarship. It was J. B. Cohen, to whose stimulating teaching Harden doubtless owed much, who suggested the subject of his first research, ‘The action of silicon tetrachloride on aromatic amide-compounds’, and in the following year the results of this investigation were published in the Transactions of the Chemical Society (1886). From Manchester he proceeded to Erlangen, and under the direction of Otto Fischer prepared β-nitroso-naphthylamine and investigated its properties. Having been awarded the degree of Ph.D., he returned to Manchester and there became first junior and then senior lecturer and demonstrator under Professor H. B. Dixon, who had meantime succeeded Sir Henry Roscoe as professor of Chemistry. During part of this time Harden shared the laboratory teaching with Hartog (later Sir Philip), and for some years he lectured to the honours students on the history of chemistry, a subject in which he was greatly interested.
Transport Characteristics of Multichannel Transistors Made from Densely Aligned Sub-10 nm Half-Pitch Graphene Nanoribbons (2012)

Densely aligned sub-10 nm graphene nanoribbons are desirable for scale-up applications in nanoelectronics. We implemented directed self-assembly of block-copolymers in combination with nanoimprint lithography to pattern sub-10 nm half-pitch nanoribbons over large areas. These graphene nanoribbons have the highest density and uniformity to date. Multichannel field-effect transistors were made from such nanoribbons, and the transport characteristics of transistors were studied. Our work indicates that a large ribbon-to-ribbon width variation in a multichannel FET can lead to nonsynchronized switching characters of multiple graphene channels and thus a poor ON/OFF current ratio. Through process optimization, we have created 8 nm half-pitch graphene nanoribbons with the minimal ribbon-to-ribbon width variation of ∼2.4 nm (3σ value). The corresponding transistors exhibit an ON/OFF current ratio >10, which is among the highest values ever reported for transistors consisting of densely arranged graphene nanoribbons. This work provides important insights for optimizing the uniformity and transport properties of lithographically patterned graphene nanostructures. In addition, the presented fabrication route could be further developed for the scalable nanomanufacturing of graphene-based nanoelectronic devices over large areas.
The Generation, Detection, and Effects of Reactive Drug Metabolites (2012)

The decline in approval of new drugs during the past decade has led to a close analysis of the drug discovery process. One of the main reasons for attrition is preclinical toxicity, frequently attributed to the generation of protein-reactive drug metabolites. In this review, we present a critique of such reactive metabolites and evaluate the evidence linking them to observed toxic effects. Methodology for the characterization of reactive metabolites has advanced greatly in recent years, and is summarized first. Next, we consider the inhibition of key metabolic enzymes by electrophilic metabolites, as well as unfavorable drug-drug interactions that may ensue. One important class of protein-reactive metabolites, not linked conclusively to a toxic event, is acyl glucuronides. Their properties are discussed in light of the safety characteristics of carboxylic acid containing drugs. Many adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are known collectively as idiosyncratic events, that is, not predictable from knowledge of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of the parent compound. Observed ADRs may take various forms. Specific organ injury, particularly of the liver, is the most direct: we examine this in some detail. Moving to the cellular level, we also consider the upregulation of induced cellular processes. The related, but distinct, issue of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to drugs and their metabolites, possibly via the immune system, is considered next. Finally, we discuss the impact of such data on the drug discovery process, both through early detection of reactive metabolites and informed synthetic design, which eliminates unfavorable functionality from drug candidates.
Modulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell activation status duringsalmonella-triggered reactive arthritis (1999)

High levels of expression of some activation and adhesion molecules and elevated levels of mRNA for certain cytokines that are predominantly produced by monocytes were found in PBMC from patients with acute Salmonella-triggered ReA, which suggests that these cells are activated. On the other hand, complete down-regulation of CD14 and a marked decrease in the cytokine production capacity during amelioration of the disease suggest that suppression of PBMC activity might be involved in recovery from ReA.
Controllable Particle Adhesion with a Magnetically Actuated Synthetic Gecko Adhesive (2013)

Abstract Particle capture and release using controllable adhesion is of growing interest in many fields including reusable adhesives, solar panel cleaning, micro‐manipulation and robot locomotion where current methods of particle management are not sufficient. Here controllable adhesion to glass spheres with a new magnetically actuated synthetic gecko adhesive made from a magnetoelastomer composite is demonstrated. Adhesion is controlled by changing the effective elastic modulus of the surface through actuation of micro surface features with an external magnetic field. A compliant mechanics and magnetic torque analysis explains this general principle and generalizes the results for various geometries. Results show sphere pull‐off forces can be increased 10‐fold by changing the ridge orientation via the external magnetic field, and that the effective elastic modulus can be changed from 65 kPa to 1.5 MPa. Particle transport and release of 500‐ and 1000‐micrometer glass spheres is also demonstrated.
Relation between Spherical Refractive Error and Visual Acuity (1991)

The relation between a spherical refractive error and visual acuity is investigated and the results compared with previous studies. This study, unlike most of the previous studies, presents a mathematical model that includes a pupil size factor. It also examines a theoretical relation between refractive error and visual acuity which predicts that there should be a linear relation among refractive error (E), the pupil diameter (D), and minimum angle of resolution (A), over a wide range of refractive errors.
Pharmacological profile of SL 59.1227, a novel inhibitor of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger (2000)

1. The NHE1 isoform of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular pH and in cardiac cell injury caused by ischaemia and reperfusion. SL 59.1227 is a novel imidazolypiperidine Na(+)/H(+) antiport inhibitor which is structurally unrelated to previously described acylguanidine inhibitors such as cariporide. 2. Recovery of pH(i) following an intracellular acid load was measured in CCL39-derived PS120 variant cells, selectively expressing either NHE1 or NHE2 isoforms of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. pH(i) recovery was potently and selectively slowed by SL 59.1227 in NHE1-expressing cells (IC(50) 3.3+/-1.3 nM) versus NHE2-expressing cells (2.3+/-1.0 microM). The respective IC(50) values for cariporide were 103+/-28 nM (NHE1) and 73+/-46 microM (NHE2). 3. In anaesthetized rats following left coronary artery occlusion (7 min) and reperfusion (10 min) SL 59.1227 (10 - 100 microg kg(-1) min(-1) i.v.) inhibited ischaemia-mediated ventricular tachycardia (71 - 100%) and reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation (75 - 87%) and prevented mortality. Bolus i.v. administration of SL 59.1227 (1 mg kg(-1)) produced anti-arrhythmic effects when administered either before or during ischaemia. 4. Cardiac infarct size was determined in anaesthetized rabbits following left coronary artery occlusion (30 min) and reperfusion (120 min). Infarct size measured as a percentage of the area at risk was 36.2+/-3.4% (control group) versus 15.3+/-3.9% (SL 59.1227 0.6 mg kg(-1) i.v.). 5. SL 59.1227 is the first example of a potent and NHE1-selective non-acylguanidine Na(+)/H(+) exchanger inhibitor. It possesses marked cardioprotective properties.
Characterization of thymidine ultraviolet photoproducts. Cyclobutane dimers and 5,6-dihydrothymidines (1985)

We describe the preparation of the six configurationally distinct cyclobutane-type photodimers generated by the acetone-sensitized uv irradiation of thymidine in aqueous solution. Also prepared as minor photoproducts are the 5R and 5S di-astereoisomers of 5,6-dihydrothymidine, and two novel molecules, the 5R and 5S diastereoisomers of 5-acetonyl-5,6-dihydrothymidine. The purification of the ten molecules by chromatographic techniques (hplc, tlc) is described, along with their extensive characterization by uv, ir, cd, FAB-ms and 1 H nmr. The proton chemical shifts and coupling constants are discussed in terms of the geometry of the pyrimidine, cyclobutane, and sugar rings.
Chromophore Formation in Green Fluorescent Protein (1997)

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea Victoria forms an intrinsic chromophore through cyclization and oxidation of an internal tripeptide motif [Prasher, D. C., et al. (1992) Gene 111, 229-233; Cody, C. E., et al. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 1212-1218]. We monitored the formation of the chromophore in vitro using the S65T-GFP chromophore mutant. S65T-GFP recovered from inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli lacks the mature chromophore, suggesting that protein destined for inclusion bodies aggregated prior to productive folding. This material was used to follow the steps leading to chromophore formation. The process of chromophore formation in S65T-GFP was determined to be an ordered reaction consisting of three distinct kinetic steps. Protein folding occurs fairly slowly (k(f) = 2.44 x 10(-3) s(-1)) and prior to any chromophore modification. Next, an intermediate step occurs that includes, but is not necessarily limited to, cyclization of the tripeptide chromophore motif (k(c) = 3.8 x 10(-3) s(-1)). The final and slow step (k(ox) = 1.51 x 10(-4) s(-1)) in chromophore formation involves oxidation of the cyclized chromophore. Since the chromophore forms de novo from purified denatured protein and is a first-order process, we conclude that GFP chromophore formation is an autocatalytic process.
A current-source inverter fed induction motor drive system with reduced losses (2002)

Standard low and medium induction power motor drives are based on the PWM voltage source inverter (VSI) fed from a diode rectifier. The dual topology, based on the current source inverter/rectifier structure is used in medium and high power applications. This paper addresses some of the drawbacks of this approach compared to the voltage source approach. The proposed drive features: (a) an on-line operated PWM inverter, using instantaneous output capacitor voltage control based on space vector modulation; (b) a line-synchronized PWM rectifier, with DC bus current control; and (c) an additional inverter modulation index control loop, ensuring a constant inverter modulation index. The resulting advantages include: (a) ruggedness and inherent continuous regeneration capability; (b) near unity global input power factor; (c) reduced motor voltage distortion; (d) reduced DC bus inductor and switch conduction losses; (e) fast motor dynamic response; and (f) elimination of motor circuit resonances. Simulated and experimental results based on a DSP implementation are given.
The Architecture of Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Materials to Devices (2013)

The materials chemistry of Colloidal Quantum Dot (CQDs) suspended in solution and processed into films has provided a foundation onto which useful photovoltaic devices can be built. These active materials offer the benefits of solution processing paired with the flexibility of adjustable bandgaps, tailored to suit a particular need. In parallel with these advances, pursuing device geometries that better leverage the available electronic properties of CQD films has borne fruit in further advancing CQD solar cell performance. For active materials such as CQD films where 1/α, where alpha is the absorption coefficient, is of the same order as the free carrier extraction length, external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements have proved useful in profiling the effectiveness of each nanometer of device thickness at extracting photogenerated carriers. Because CQD films have the added complications of being made of variable-sized constituent material building blocks as well as being deposited from solution, the nature of charge transport through the films can also be size-dependent and matrix dependent.
Facile Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Dendritic Platinum Nanoelectrocatalyst (2009)

Design and synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) dendritic platinum nanostructures (DPNs), with its advantages of high surface area, low density, and reduced materials costs represent a highly interesting class of materials. In this paper, a very simple and efficient wet chemical route to straightforward synthesis of well-dispersed 3D DPNs at high yield was proposed, which was carried out by simply mixing K2PtCl4 aqueous solution and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) at a constant 30 °C for 1 h in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA). As-prepared 3D DPNs were highly porous, self-supporting nanostructures that possessed high surface area and supply enough absorption sites for reactant molecules and were shown to be active as nanoelectrocatalyst for the reduction of dioxygen and oxidation of methanol.
Arrow-mounted Ballistic System for Measuring Performance of Arrows Equipped with Hunting Broadheads (2012)

Measuring an arrow's ballistic performance such as arrow velocity on impact, total time of flight and arrow shaft oscillation is challenging because of the dynamic nature of arrow flight. This challenge becomes increasingly difficult as the distance of the shot increases. It is also of great interest to bowhunters to understand the ballistic performance of arrows that include hunting broadheads. A miniaturized, sensory data acquisition system, located in the arrow tip and engineered to withstand the high accelerations experienced at launch and impact, enables the precise measurement of arrow ballistics in flight. By continuously recording arrow drag in flight, the system enables measurement of the ballistic performance of an arrow as it travels downrange. The authors have also built an adapter that is connected to the housing of the sensing system to allow for comparative ballistic tests to be performed on hunting broadheads. Here, we present results obtained using the sensing system to perform initial testing on two commercially available broadheads at shot distances of approximately 45 m.
Evaluation of seed treatments for the eradication of<i>Acidovorax avenae</i>subsp.<i>citrulli</i>from melon and watermelon seeds (2009)

Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli, the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), is a serious seed-borne pathogen. To determine the effectiveness of several treatments to eradicate it from seeds, healthy triploid watermelon seed lots were spiked with naturally infected watermelon and melon seeds harvested from three separate diseased fruits. Of the eight treatments studied, only the use of acidic electrolyzed water for 30 min eradicated the pathogen from seeds without reducing seed germination or seedling establishment. Treatment with Clorox at 50 °C for 20 min, Tsunami 100 for 30 min, or acidified cupric acetate at 50 °C for 20 min eradicated the pathogen but significantly (P = 0.05) reduced seed germination and (or) seedling establishment (emergence). The other treatments either failed to eradicate the pathogen or reduced seed germination.
TransparentHMD (2017)

While the eyes are very important in human communication, once a user puts on a head mounted display (HMD), the face is obscured from the outside world's perspective. This leads to communication problems when bystanders approach or collaborate with an HMD user. We introduce transparentHMD, which employs a head-coupled perspective technique to produce an illusion of a transparent HMD to bystanders. We created a self contained system, based on a mobile device mounted on the HMD with the screen facing bystanders. By tracking the relative position of the bystander using the smartphone's camera, we render an adapting perspective view in realtime that creates the illusion of a transparent HMD. By revealing the user's face to bystanders, our easy to implement system allows for opportunities to investigate a plethora of research questions particularly related to collaborative VR systems.
Neural Models for Sequence Chunking (2017)

Many natural language understanding (NLU) tasks, such as shallow parsing (i.e., text chunking) and semantic slot filling, require the assignment of representative labels to the meaningful chunks in a sentence. Most of the current deep neural network (DNN) based methods consider these tasks as a sequence labeling problem, in which a word, rather than a chunk, is treated as the basic unit for labeling. These chunks are then inferred by the standard IOB (Inside-Outside-Beginning) labels. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach by investigating the use of DNN for sequence chunking, and propose three neural models so that each chunk can be treated as a complete unit for labeling. Experimental results show that the proposed neural sequence chunking models can achieve start-of-the-art performance on both the text chunking and slot filling tasks.
A Note on Low Density Parity Check Codes for Erasures and Errors (1998)

We analyze low density parity check codes that correct both errors and erasures using a simple decoding scheme. Our framework unifies previous analyses for low density parity check codes and erasure codes. The result is a general class of codes that corrects both errors and erasures, with corresponding simple linear time encoding and decoding algorithms and provable performance guarantees. We also describe how these codes can be applied to yield a new fast algorithm for the setting of of Gaussian noise, and leave several open questions regarding the construction of these codes and the associated decoding algorithms. 1 Introduction Simple linear time erasure codes with nearly optimal correction properties were introduced and analyzed in [2, 3]. The analysis of these codes are based on the analysis of a simple stochastic process on an irregular random bipartite graph. In [4], a similar analysis was used to develop and prove bounds on the behavior of irregular low density parity check co...
Mechanism of the inhibition of catalase by ascorbate. Roles of active oxygen species, copper and semidehydroascorbate. (1986)

Ascorbate reversibly inhibits catalase, and this inhibition is enhanced and rendered irreversible by the prior addition of copper(II)-bishistidine. In the absence of copper, the inhibition was prevented and reversed by ethanol, but not by superoxide dismutase, benzoate, mannitol, thiourea, desferrioxamine, or DETAPAC. In the presence of the copper complex mannitol, benzoate, and superoxide dismutase still had no effect, but thiourea, desferrioxamine, DETAPAC, or additional histidine decreased the extent of inactivation to that seen in the absence of copper. In the presence of copper, ethanol protected at [ascorbate] less than 1 mM, but was ineffective at [ascorbate] greater than 2 mM, even in the absence of oxygen. Although in the absence of copper, complete removal of oxygen provided full protection against inactivation by ascorbate, this protection was not seen if the catalase was briefly preincubated with H2O2 prior to flushing with nitrogen, or if copper was present. In fact, if copper was present, inactivation was enhanced by the removal of oxygen. Increasing the concentration of oxygen from ambient to 100% slowed the inactivation, whether or not copper was present. It is concluded that the initial reversible inactivation involves reaction with H2O2 to form compound I, followed by one electron reduction of compound I to compound II. In the presence of added copper, the initial (reversible) inactivation allows H2O2 to accumulate sufficiently to permit irreversible inactivation. Since in the presence of copper oxygen is not required, and neither the reversible nor the irreversible inactivation was prevented by conventional scavengers of active forms of oxygen, the inactivation is likely mediated by semidehydroascorbate, and/or it may involve site-specific generation of the damaging intermediates.
Li<sup>+</sup> Conductivity and Migration Pathway Studies of LiCl Doped 0.6Li<sub>2</sub>S-0.4P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub> Glassy Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.