gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of simplified process for KrF excimer halftone mask with chrome-shielding method (1999)

New simplified process is developed successfully for KrF excimer half-tone mask with chrome shielding method. Process times are reduced to half compared with conventional process in which resist coating and exposure is performed twice. New simplified process is characterized by adopting half-exposure of electron beam, thin chrome film on a half-tone film, and endpoint detection in dry etching process. It is confirmed in this paper that half-tone masks fabricated by simplified process have mask quality and optical capability, which are required in 0.18 micrometer generation devices.
γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes are essential mediators of host–microbial homeostasis at the intestinal mucosal surface (2011)

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract harbors thousands of bacterial species that include symbionts as well as potential pathogens. The immune responses that limit access of these bacteria to underlying tissue remain poorly defined. Here we show that γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes (γδ IEL) of the small intestine produce innate antimicrobial factors in response to resident bacterial "pathobionts" that penetrate the intestinal epithelium. γδ IEL activation was dependent on epithelial cell-intrinsic MyD88, suggesting that epithelial cells supply microbe-dependent cues to γδ IEL. Finally, γδ T cells protect against invasion of intestinal tissues by resident bacteria specifically during the first few hours after bacterial encounter, indicating that γδ IEL occupy a unique temporal niche among intestinal immune defenses. Thus, γδ IEL detect the presence of invading bacteria through cross-talk with neighboring epithelial cells and are an essential component of the hierarchy of immune defenses that maintain homeostasis with the intestinal microbiota.
Using on-board power systems (2005)

In recent years the number of voltages used on a circuit pack has been increasing, the voltages are becoming lower and the currents higher. In response, the intermediate bus architecture has become popular. This architecture uses one main converter to transfer power from the main system power bus to a local area power bus on the circuit pack. Individual, nonisolated DC-DC converters are used to create the individual load voltages from the local area power bus. While this approach has many benefits and solves many problems, it is still a power system. This paper discusses several areas that need attention when implementing such a power system.
Parthenolide promotes the ubiquitination of MDM2 and activates p53 cellular functions (2009)

MDM2 belongs to a class of ring-finger domain-containing ubiquitin ligases that mediate the proteasomal degradation of numerous proteins, including themselves. Arguably, the most important substrate of MDM2 is p53, which controls cell cycle progression and apoptosis. MDM2 and p53 are parts of a feedback regulatory loop whose perturbations are often present in cancer and are targets for anticancer drug development. We found that the natural product, small-molecule anti-inflammatory agent parthenolide (PN), which is actively being investigated as a potential therapeutic for many human cancers, induces ubiquitination of MDM2 in treated cells, resulting in the activation of p53 and other MDM2-regulated tumor-suppressor proteins. Using cells with functional gene deletions and small interfering RNA knockdown studies, we found that these effects required the DNA damage transducer ataxia telangiectasia mutated. The effects of PN on tumor suppressor activation were comparable with that of nutlin-3a, a recently developed small molecule that was designed to interfere with the interaction between MDM2 and p53 but does not promote MDM2 ubiquitination. Our study illustrates an alternative approach for controlling MDM2 and p53 activities and identifies an additional critically important cancer pathway affected by PN.
Design of a novel nonlinear slope compensation circuit for peak current-mode boost DC-DC converter (2010)

This paper introduces a design of slope compensation circuit for peak-current-mode boost DC-DC converter. The circuit is simple, and eliminates instability problem of the peak-current-mode system generated by double-loop control. And it avoided detrimental effects on account of improper compensation, such as slow transient response, low carrying capacity. It improves the stability of the switching power supply. The design is implemented base on the TSMC's 0.35 μm CMOS process. The spectre simulation results show that, when the inductive current occurs disturbance, the system do not occur prolonged oscillation, can supply stable output voltage.
A highly selective ester hydrolase from Pseudomonas sp. for the enzymatic preparation of enantiomerically pure secondary alcohols; chiral auxiliaries in organic synthesis (1988)

A series of valuable chiral auxiliaries, (R)- and (S)-(1)–(11), have been prepared in high chemical and optical yields by enzymatic hydrolysis of their esters in the presence of a lipase from Pseudomonas sp.
The importance of storage, transfer, and collection (1994)

Handling bulk solid materials is one of the least understood and, at the same time, one of the most important areas associated with solids processing plants. A study by Merrow showed that two of the most common types of problems encountered in solids processing plants were difficulty in transporting solids and in handling fines. Although this is an area primarily ignored by mainstream chemical engineers, a small group of researchers is starting to make inroads in understanding how to design solids transport systems. Progress in this area occurs in small evolutionary steps instead of large revolutionary leaps. The various sections below on hopper design and flow, pneumatic transport, standpipes, and solids separation provide an overall introduction to the area for the uninitiated. It is hoped that the information presented here will increase the level of awareness of the importance of these areas, as well as decrease the level of ignorance about solids handling.
The Structure- and Metal-dependent Activity of Escherichia coli PgaB Provides Insight into the Partial De-N-acetylation of Poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (2012)

Exopolysaccharides are required for the development and integrity of biofilms produced by a wide variety of bacteria. In Escherichia coli, partial de-N-acetylation of the exopolysaccharide poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (PNAG) by the periplasmic protein PgaB is required for polysaccharide intercellular adhesin-dependent biofilm formation. To understand the molecular basis for PNAG de-N-acetylation, the structure of PgaB in complex with Ni(2+) and Fe(3+) have been determined to 1.9 and 2.1 Å resolution, respectively, and its activity on β-1,6-GlcNAc oligomers has been characterized. The structure of PgaB reveals two (β/α)(x) barrel domains: a metal-binding de-N-acetylase that is a member of the family 4 carbohydrate esterases (CE4s) and a domain structurally similar to glycoside hydrolases. PgaB displays de-N-acetylase activity on β-1,6-GlcNAc oligomers but not on the β-1,4-(GlcNAc)(4) oligomer chitotetraose and is the first CE4 member to exhibit this substrate specificity. De-N-acetylation occurs in a length-dependent manor, and specificity is observed for the position of de-N-acetylation. A key aspartic acid involved in de-N-acetylation, normally seen in other CE4s, is missing in PgaB, suggesting that the activity of PgaB is attenuated to maintain the low levels of de-N-acetylation of PNAG observed in vivo. The metal dependence of PgaB is different from most CE4s, because PgaB shows increased rates of de-N-acetylation with Co(2+) and Ni(2+) under aerobic conditions, and Co(2+), Ni(2+) and Fe(2+) under anaerobic conditions, but decreased activity with Zn(2+). The work presented herein will guide inhibitor design to combat biofilm formation by E. coli and potentially a wide range of medically relevant bacteria producing polysaccharide intercellular adhesin-dependent biofilms.
Therapeutic effect of Crataegus pinnatifida on 46 cases of angina pectoris--a double blind study. (1984)

Etude en double aveugle (46 patients, 46 controles) de l'effet de comprimes de Crataegus pinnatifida (Rosacee) sur l'angine de poitrine. Amelioration clinique: 85% (temoin: 37%); amelioration electrocardiographique: 46% (temoin: 3%)
Post‐translational modification plays an essential role in the translocation of annexin A1 from the cytoplasm to the cell surface (2006)

Annexin A1 (ANXA1) has an important role in cell-cell communication in the host defense and neuroendocrine systems. In both systems, its actions are exerted extracellularly via membrane-bound receptors on adjacent sites after translocation of the protein from the cytoplasm to the cell surface of adjacent cells. This study used molecular, microscopic, and pharmacological approaches to explore the mechanisms underlying the cellular exportation of ANXA1 in TtT/GF (pituitary folliculo-stellate) cells. LPS caused serine-phosphorylation of ANXA1 (ANXA1-S27-PO4) and translocation of the phosphorylated protein to the cell membrane. The fundamental requirement of phosphorylation for membrane translocation was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy on cells transfected with wild-type or mutated (S27/A) ANXA1 constructs tagged with enhanced green fluorescence protein. The trafficking of ANXA1-S27-PO4 to the cell surface was dependent on PI3-kinase and MAP-kinase. It also required HMG-coenzyme A and myristoylation. The effects of HMG-coenzyme A blockade were overcome by mevalonic acid (the product of HMG-coenzyme A) and farnesyl-pyrophosphate but not by geranyl-geranylpyrophosphate or cholesterol. Together, these results suggest that serine-27 phosphorylation is essential for the translocation of ANXA1 across the cell membrane and also identify a role for isoprenyl lipids. Such lipids could target consensus sequences in ANXA1. Alternatively, they may target other proteins in the signal transduction cascade (e.g., transporters).
Dendritic cells and high endothelial venules in the rheumatoid synovial membrane. (1990)

Since dendritic cells are believed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) we studied the microenvironmental relationship of these cells with endothelial cells, lymphocytes and macrophages in the rheumatoid synovial membrane. With the monoclonal antibodies OKIa (MHC Class II determinants), RFD1 and L25 (both specific for "active" human dendritic cells) we identified large numbers of dendritic cells. With the monoclonal antibody HECA 452 [specific for a putative adhesion molecule notably present on high endothelial venules (HEV)], a subset of dendritic cells could be detected. HECA-452 positive dendritic cells were found in 2 basic patterns: (1) associated with small lymphoid cell clusters in the neighborhood of vessels with flat, HECA-452 negative endothelium, (2) at the periphery of dense organoid lymphoid infiltrates, surrounding HECA-452 positive HEV-like vessels. Our data suggest that the influx of HECA-452, L25, RFD1 and MHC Class II positive dendritic cells is an early event in the development of the inflammatory infiltrate found in the rheumatoid synovial membrane. The formation of organoid lymphoplasmacellular infiltrates with high endothelial venules would be secondary to this event.
Woodchuck hepatitis virus infection: a model of human hepatic diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. (1990)

The initial observations have resulted in a number of morphologic, immunologic, and molecular biologic investigations that have characterized the virus and have demonstrated the importance of the woodchuck as a model for the study of the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases and HCC
Cohen (Yves), Baudou (Remi) eds. Les Chantiers de la paix sociale (1900-1940) (1996)

Marcel Jean-Christophe. Cohen (Yves), Baudou (Remi) eds. Les Chantiers de la paix sociale (1900-1940). In: Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n°96, 1996. pp. 71-72.
Electro-optic modification of second-harmonic phase-matching spectra in segmented periodically poled LiNbO_3 (2002)

We demonstrate a method that enables in situ modification of the spectral shape of the parametric-gain profile in quasi-phase-matching crystals. In our experiment we used the electro-optic effect to modify the phase-matching profile for second-harmonic generation in a 57-mm-long nonuniformly poled LiNbO3 crystal. In the direction of beam propagation the crystal is divided into three segments, where the first and the third segments have an equal length of 17 mm. Both segments are periodically poled with the same period of 21.6 µm, in order to obtain quasi phase matching for frequency doubling a fundamental wavelength of 1653 nm. The center segment is single-domain LiNbO3 whose index of refraction is changed by the electro-optic effect by applying a voltage. Using a continuously tunable, single-frequency, single-stripe, distributed-feedback diode laser as the fundamental source, we recorded the parametric phase-matching profile for second-harmonic generation as a function of the laser wavelength and investigated the modification of the profile in dependence of the voltage applied to the crystal center segment. The measured phase-matching spectra are in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction. The demonstrated method opens the possibility of rapidly changing the parametric-gain profile for all types of χ(2) nonlinear conversion processes.
Doping of ZnO nanowires using phosphorus diffusion from a spin-on doped glass source (2014)

In this article, we report on ZnO nanowires that were phosphorus doped using a spin on dopant glass deposition and diffusion method. Photoluminescence measurements suggest that this process yields p-doped ZnO. The spatial location of P atoms was studied using x-ray near-edge absorption structure spectroscopy and it is concluded that the doping is amphoteric with P atoms located on both Zn and O sites.
Efficacy of Teat Dips Containing a Hypochlorous Acid Germicide Against Experimental Challenge with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae (1996)

Two teat dip formulations containing sodium dichloroisocyanurate, which released hypochlorous acid (2800 ppm) as the active ingredient, were tested for efficacy against new Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae IMI using an experimental challenge model. Product 1 reduced the number of new Staph. aureus IMI by 73.6% and reduced the number of new Strep. agalactiae IMI by 65.1%. Product 2 reduced the number of new Staph. aureus IMI by 69.0% and reduced the number of new Strep. agalactiae IMI by 63.5%. No adverse effects on teat skin condition were observed over the course of the studies.
Neurotropins and Their Receptors Are Expressed in the Human Fetal Ovary (2002)

Mammalian ovarian development is characterized by a sequential pattern of mitotic proliferation of oogonia, initiation then arrest of meiosis, and primordial follicle formation. The factors regulating these processes are poorly understood. The neurotropins are survival and differentiation factors in the nervous system, acting via high affinity receptors of the trk protooncogene family and the low affinity p75 nerve growth factor receptor, and have also been described in the rodent ovary, where changes in NT4/TrkB gene expression have been detected at the time of primordial follicle formation. There are no data on neurotropin expression in the normal human ovary. We have investigated the expression and localization of neurotropins and their receptors in the midtrimester human fetal ovary (13-21 wk gestation). Expression of mRNA for neurotropins and their receptors was detected by RT-PCR. Clusters of oogonia were found to be the predominant site of NT4 mRNA expression using in situ hybridization. However, at later gestations granulosa cells of primordial follicles showed increased expression, with lesser expression in the enclosed oocytes. NT4 protein was also localized to the granulosa cells by immunohistochemistry and at earlier developmental stages to epithelioid cells, which were mingled with clusters of oogonia not expressing NT4. TrkB receptor protein was localized by immunohistochemistry to germ cells at all gestations examined. The p75 nerve growth factor receptor protein was exclusively expressed in the ovarian stroma. These data demonstrate the expression of neurotropins and their receptors within the human fetal ovary. Developmental changes in the pattern of expression of NT4 around the time of primordial follicle formation suggest that neurotropins may be involved in signaling between somatic cells and germ cells at this crucial stage of ovarian development.
Antisense imaging of gene expression in the brain <i>in vivo</i> (2000)

Antisense radiopharmaceuticals could be used to image gene expression in the brain in vivo, should these polar molecules be made transportable through the blood-brain barrier. The present studies describe an antisense imaging agent comprised of an iodinated peptide nucleic acid (PNA) conjugated to a monoclonal antibody to the rat transferrin receptor by using avidin-biotin technology. The PNA was a 16-mer antisense to the sequence around the methionine initiation codon of the luciferase mRNA. C6 rat glioma cells were permanently transfected with a luciferase expression plasmid, and C6 experimental brain tumors were developed in adult rats. The expression of the luciferase transgene in the tumors in vivo was confirmed by measurement of luciferase enzyme activity in the tumor extract. The [(125)I]PNA conjugate was injected intravenously in anesthetized animals with brain tumors and killed 2 h later for frozen sectioning of brain and film autoradiography. No image of the luciferase gene expression was obtained after the administration of either the unconjugated antiluciferase PNA or a PNA conjugate that was antisense to the mRNA of a viral transcript. In contrast, tumors were imaged in all rats administered the [(125)I]PNA that was antisense to the luciferase sequence and was conjugated to the targeting antibody. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate gene expression in the brain in vivo can be imaged with antisense radiopharmaceuticals that are conjugated to a brain drug-targeting system.
Effects of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine in Humans (1992)

Dexmedetomidine (DMED) is a novel clonidine-like compound known to have sedative, analgesic, and cardiovascular stabilizing qualities. DMED is a more highly selective alpha 2-adrenergic agonist than clonidine. This investigation examined the hemodynamic effects of four selected iv doses in consenting healthy male volunteers. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial subjects received 0 (n = 9), 0.25 (n = 6) 0.5 (n = 6), 1.0 (n = 6), or 2.0 (n = 10) micrograms/kg of DMED by infusion (2 min). ECG, heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (MABP), bioimpedance cardiac output (CO), and plasma catecholamines concentrations (CA) were monitored from 90 min before to 360 min after infusion. Plasma DMED concentrations were measured. DMED produced a maximum decrease in MABP at 60 min of 14%, 16%, 23%, and 27% for the 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 micrograms/kg groups, respectively (P < .05). At 330 min MABP remained below baseline by 8% and 17% at the two largest doses (P < .05). Both HR and CO decreased maximally by both 17% at 105 min. The two largest doses produced a transient (peak at 3 min lasting < 11 min) increased in MABP (16 +/- 2.5 and 24 +/- 10 mmHg, respectively; P < .05) with a concomitantly reduced CO (41%, 2 micrograms/kg; P < .05) and HR (22%, 2 micrograms/kg; P < .05), whereas systemic vascular resistance doubled. Even the lowest dose decreased CA immediately to values close to 20 pg/ml for 5 h. A 2-min iv infusion of DMED produced a transient increase in MABP and a longer lasting decrease in MABP and CA. These DMED doses were well tolerated in the healthy volunteers.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Approach to Highly Functionalized Benzo[b]furans from Phenols and Aryl Iodides via Aryl Propargyl Ethers. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Research on Endpoint Isolation and Remediation Mechanism Based on Trusted Access Technology (2008)

Trusted Computing Technology provides powerful support for the solution to security issues of embedded endpoints in network computing environment. In this paper a general framework of trusted access, which is for implementation on embedded trusted endpoints, is presented. The paper describes the authentication procedure of trusted access and its formal definition, and the design and implementation of the trusted access protocol. Finally, the paper presents an isolation and remediation mechanism based on embedded trusted access. The mechanism is based on 802.1X, VLAN and TNC, and can be used on both wire and wireless embedded endpoints.
Postprocessing in block-based video coding based on a quantization noise model (2002)

In this paper, we propose a postprocessing method based on a quantization noise model with some assumptions in wavelet domain to reduce the blocking and ringing artifacts in block-coded video sequences. The quantization noise is considered as the sum of the blocking noise and the remainder noise including ringing noise. Since the one-dimensional (1-D) wavelet transform (WT) used in this paper represents a regularized differentiation, the blocking noise which is a gray level discontinuity at each block boundary appears as an impulse. We model the impulse as the blocking noise in wavelet domain and reduce it by estimating and weakening the strength of each blocking noise component that appears as an impulse at the block boundary in wavelet domain. The impulse strength estimation is performed using median filter, quantization parameter (QP), and local activity. The remainder noise, which is considered as a white Gaussian noise at non-edge pixels, then is reduced by soft-thresholding. Experimental results show that the proposed method yields better performance over verification model (VM) post-filter in MPEG-4 for all test sequences of various compression ratios.
A simplified high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of vitamin D<sub>3</sub>, 25-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>2</sub>and 25-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>in human serum (1992)

Measurement of the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D is the most useful parameter in evaluating vitamin D status. The serum level of vitamin D is a useful parameter in studying short time effects after exposure to ultraviolet light and absorption of the vitamin after oral administration. A method for simultaneous determinations of vitamin D3 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is described. Serum or plasma was extracted by methanol-isopropanol (90:10, v/v) and hexane. The hexane layer was injected in to a reversed-phase (C18) high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system. 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were eluted by methanol-water (85:15, v/v), and vitamin D3 by a linear gradient of methanol-water (85:15) and methanol-isopropanol-water (87.5:10:2.5), and detected by u.v. absorption. This method gave separate determinations of the D2 and D3 forms of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, but owing to an interfering peak the method does not measure vitamin D2. The assay was very sensitive with a detection limit of 5 nmol l-1 for 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 and vitamin D3 by using 0.5 ml serum or plasma for analysis, so that for low vitamin D3 levels more than 1 ml of serum is desirable.