gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miniature Fiber-Optic Pitot Tube Sensor (2020)

This paper presents a miniature fiber-optic Pitot tube for gas flow rate measurements created at the tip of an optical fiber. The proposed all-fiber sensor employs two in-fiber Fabry-Perot cavities/chambers. The first chamber is arranged as a differential pressure sensor using a thin flexible silica diaphragm and two side holes for measurement of the difference between stagnation and static pressure, while the second chamber acts as a reference sensor for compensation of changes in the gas refractive index. The entire sensor is fusion-spliced, and is made out of sections of silica fibers and silica capillaries. It is appropriate for mid to high-velocity microfluidic gas flow sensing where miniature size is essential. Sensor operation is demonstrated in a flow velocity range between 0 to 260 m/s with a resolution better than 1.5 m/s. The sensor has a diameter of only 200 μm.
Visible-light photolysis of hydrogen iodide using sensitized layered semiconductor particles (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVisible-light photolysis of hydrogen iodide using sensitized layered semiconductor particlesYeong Il Kim, Samer Salim, Munir J. Huq, and Thomas E. MalloukCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 25, 9561–9563Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00025a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00025a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views996Altmetric-Citations172LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photocatalytic oxidation of methyl-orange in aqueous suspension: comparison of the performance of different polycrystalline titanium dioxide. (2003)

The photocatalytic oxidation of methyl-orange (C14H14N3SO3Na) dye was carried out in aqueous suspensions of polycrystalline TiO2 irradiated with artificial light until its complete mineralization was achieved. The performances of two widely used semiconductor powders were studied for comparison purposes. The dependence of dye photo-oxidation rate on various experimental parameters, including substrate concentration, semiconductor amount, and pH was investigated by using both catalysts. The observed dye degradation rates followed pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the substrate concentration under the experimental conditions used. The two investigated TiO2 powders (Degussa P25 and Merck) showed different photoactivities. TOC analyses confirmed the complete mineralization achievable using both photocatalysts. Three main transient products still maintaining the chromophoric azo group were identified prior to their transformation into other degradation products which are non-absorbing in the visible region.
Millivolt-Scale DC Shifts in the Human Scalp EEG: Evidence for a Nonneuronal Generator (2003)

Slow shifts in the human scalp-recorded EEG, including those related to changes in brain CO(2) levels, have been generally assumed to result from changes in the level of tonic excitation of apical dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons. We readdressed this issue using DC-EEG shifts elicited in healthy adult subjects by hypo- or hypercapnia. A 3-min period of hyperventilation resulted in a prompt negative shift with a rate of up to 10 microV/s at the vertex (Cz) and an extremely steep dependence (up to 100 microV/mmHg) on the end-tidal Pco(2). This shift had a maximum of up to -2 mV at Cz versus the temporal derivations (T3/T4). Hyperventilation-like breathing of 5% CO(2)-95% O(2), which does not lead to a significant hypocapnia, resulted in a near-complete block of the negative DC shift at Cz. Hypoventilation, or breathing 5% CO(2) in air at normal respiratory rate, induced a positive shift. The high amplitude of the voltage gradients on the scalp induced by hyperventilation is not consistent with a neuronal origin. Instead, the present data suggest that they are generated by extracortical volume currents driven by a Pco(2)-dependent potential difference across epithelia separating the cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Since changes in respiratory patterns and, hence, in the level of brain Pco(2), are likely to occur under a number of experimental conditions in which slow EEG responses have been reported (e.g., attention shifts, preparatory states, epileptic seizures, and hypoxic episodes), the present results call for a thorough reexamination of the mechanisms underlying scalp-recorded DC-EEG responses.
Marine terpenes and terpenoids. II. Structures of three cembrane-type diterpenes, sarcophytol-C, sarcophytol-D, and sarcophytol-E, from the soft coral, Sarcophyton glaucun Q. et G. (1981)

Three new minor cembrane-type diterpenes, sarcophytol-C, sarcophytol-D, and sarcophytol-E, were isolated from the lipid extract of the soft coral, Sarcophyton glaucum Q. et G., collected in southern Japan. Their structures were characterized on the basis of spectral evidence and degradative studies by ozonolysis.
Rhinoviruses: An Antigenic Study of the Prototype Virus Strains (1974)

SummaryNinety rhinovirus types and a prime strain of RV 22 were compared in reciprocal serum neutralization tests. Neutralization was observed for each of the 91 homologous virus-serum mixtures. A single instance of reciprocal neutralization between two rhinovirus serotypes was noted. This reciprocal relationship, between RV types 29 and 44 was not altered by absorption with human liver powder. It is suggested that the relationship between RV types 29 and 44 may be a prime strain relationship similar to that described for RV type 22.Other antigenic similarities noted in this study were one-way crosses between RV types 1A and 1B, 9 and 32, and between types 36 and 58. The heterologous neutralizing activity of anti-RV 58 guinea pig serum was significantly reduced by absorption with human liver powder. Absorption did not materially alter the cross reactivity observed with the remaining antisera.
Nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets with excellent lithium storage properties (2011)

In this work, nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets serving as lithium storage materials are presented. The nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets were prepared by heat treatment of graphite oxide under an ammonia atmosphere at 800 °C for 2 h. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to characterize the prepared product as nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets with a doping level of ca. 2% nitrogen, where the N binding configuration of the graphene includes 57.4% pyridinic, 35.0% pyrrolic and 7.6% graphitic N atoms. Galvanostatic charge/discharge experiments revealed that these nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets exhibited a high reversible capacity (900 mA h g−1 at 42 mA g−1 (1/20 C)), excellent rate performance (250 mA h g−1 at a current density of 2.1 A g−1 (2.5 C)), and significantly enhanced cycling stability, which demonstrated nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets to be a promising candidate for anode materials in high rate lithium-ion batteries.
Differences in intracellular DNA ligation after microinjection and transfection. (1984)

An uninterrupted avian sarcoma viral genome terminated by viral long terminal repeat sequences was cloned into a pBR322 plasmid. After introduction into a cultured avian cell, transcription of either the circular plasmid molecule or one linearized within the pBR322 sequences could initiate and terminate at long terminal repeat sequences, yielding full-sized viral RNA. A plasmid DNA molecule linearized by cleavage within the viral pol gene, on the other hand, would have to undergo ligation to yield full-sized viral RNA. Microinjection of each of these three types of DNA into the nuclei of quail cells promoted the release of similar virus titers, indicating that the plasmid DNA cleaved within the viral pol gene had been efficiently and accurately ligated. When plasmid DNA was transfected into quail cells, circular and pBR322-cleaved molecules directed the synthesis of similar virus titers, indicating that they were similarly taken up and utilized by the cells. Compared with these results, plasmid DNA cleaved within the pol gene was reduced in activity over 95% after transfection. This reduction did not result from inefficient ligation but from the generation of mutations (of limited size) during ligation of the transfected molecules. Mutations were not observed after microinjection even into the cytoplasm. Consistent with these findings, transfected DNA termini were found to be joined regardless of their structure, whereas ligation after microinjection required that single-stranded protruding DNA termini be complementary.
METABOLISM Investigations on Dursban Insecticide. Metabolism of [ 36Cl]0,O-Diethyl 0-3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridyl Phosphorothioate in Rats (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMETABOLISM Investigations on Dursban Insecticide. Metabolism of [ 36Cl]0,O-Diethyl 0-3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridyl Phosphorothioate in RatsGrant Newey. Smith, Betty S. Watson, and Faye S. FischerCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1967, 15, 1, 132–138Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60149a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60149a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adsorption of Ions Dilute Aqueous Solutions on Glass and Plastic Surfaces. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of Ions Dilute Aqueous Solutions on Glass and Plastic Surfaces.G. G. Eichholz, A. E. Nagel, and R. B. HughesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 7, 863–868Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60226a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60226a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views604Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Skin and layer formation in films prepared from carbohydrates, poly(ethylene‐<i>co</i>‐acrylic acid), and polyethylene (1993)

Abstract Cornstarch, a canary dextrin, and a maltodextrin were compared in films blown from carbohydrates compounded with poly(ethylene‐ co ‐acrylic acid) (EAA), low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), and aqueous ammonium hydroxide plasticizer. Dextrins or maltodextrins having dextrose equivalent values of one and greater caused dark‐colored films with caramel odors, probably due to Maillard reactions. Blown films with hydrophobic skins and water sensitive cores were produced with the dextrinized carbohydrates, but not from natural cornstarch. Water sensitivity of films containing the dextrinized carbohydrate was reduced by recycling the films through the blown film die. A mechanism for development of the skins is proposed, as is a method for preparing thin semipermeable membranes. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Biochemical Mechanisms of Cisplatin Cytotoxicity (2007)

Since the discovery by Rosenberg and collaborators of the antitumor activity of cisplatin 35 years ago, three platinum antitumor drugs (cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin) have enjoyed a huge clinical and commercial hit. Ever since the initial discovery of the anticancer activity of cisplatin, major efforts have been devoted to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms of antitumor activity of cisplatin in order to be able to rationally design novel platinum based drugs with superior pharmacological profiles. In this report we attempt to provide a current picture of the known facts pertaining to the mechanism of action of the drug, including those involved in drug uptake, DNA damage signals transduction, and cell death through apoptosis or necrosis. A deep knowledge of the biochemical mechanisms, which are triggered in the tumor cell in response to cisplatin injury not only may lead to the design of more efficient platinum antitumor drugs but also may provide new therapeutic strategies based on the biochemical modulation of cisplatin activity.
Design of iterative learning controller based on frequency domain linear matrix inequality (2009)

This paper presents an iterative learning controller (ILC) design method based on a frequency domain linear matrix inequality (LMI). It modifies the LMI method for lifted system representation. In lifted system representation, the size of matrices grows as the number of samples in the system increase. In the proposed approach, the size of matrices in LMI is independent of the number of samples in the system, avoiding computational problems due to the size of matrices. The order of controllers can be low, even if the order of the system is high, unlike H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</inf> method. Compatibility with frequency domain robust theory and easy extension to MIMO system is another advantage. Zero-phase weighting functions are introduced to shape the filters to increase robustness to the disturbance in high frequency range. This paper also examines the monotonic convergence of the output of the feedback controllers after implementing ILC. The performance of the designed ILC is verified by experiments performed on an industrial robot.
Epistatic modeling in rheumatoid arthritis: An application of the Risch theory (1993)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease of unknown etiology but with a presumed complex pattern of inheritance. Risch [Am J Hum Genet 46:222-228, 1990] has shown that the recurrence risk ratio, lambda R, (which is defined as the risk to type R relatives vs. the population prevalence) can be used to evaluate patterns of inheritance in genetically complex diseases. We have used the Risch theory to examine some multiple locus models of inheritance in RA. Recurrence risk ratios in MZ twins and in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree relatives are summarized from the literature. The limited data available supports at least a two-locus model of inheritance for RA (assuming that one locus is HLA). Better estimates of the recurrence risk ratios in RA families are required so that the Risch theory can be pursued further.
Structural basis of yeast aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex formation revealed by crystal structures of two binary sub-complexes (2006)

The yeast aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) complex is formed by the methionyl- and glutamyl-tRNA synthetases (MetRS and GluRS, respectively) and the tRNA aminoacylation cofactor Arc1p. It is considered an evolutionary intermediate between prokaryotic aaRS and the multi- aaRS complex found in higher eukaryotes. While a wealth of structural information is available on the enzymatic domains of single aaRS, insight into complex formation between eukaryotic aaRS and associated protein cofactors is missing. Here we report crystal structures of the binary complexes between the interacting domains of Arc1p and MetRS as well as those of Arc1p and GluRS at resolutions of 2.2 and 2.05 A, respectively. The data provide a complete structural model for ternary complex formation between the interacting domains of MetRS, GluRS and Arc1p. The structures reveal that all three domains adopt a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-like fold and that simultaneous interaction of Arc1p with GluRS and MetRS is mediated by the use of a novel interface in addition to a classical GST dimerization interaction. The results demonstrate a novel role for this fold as a heteromerization domain specific to eukaryotic aaRS, associated proteins and protein translation elongation factors.
Experimental demonstration of the random phase encoding technique for image encryption and security verification (1996)

Optical image encryption and security using random phase encoding techniques have been proposed recently. We present optical experimental results for image encryption and security. The results show that for the image encryption, the image can be well encrypted using random phase masks with a limited number of pixels. We also tested the performance of the optical system for security verification in the pres- ence of different types of input noise and distortions such as scratches, fingerprint marks, and bending of the phase mask. The experimental results indicate that for the severity of the noise and the degree of dis- tortion tested here, the system provides good performance in verifying the phase code. © 1996 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Entropy vs. Energy Waveform Processing: A Comparison Based on the Heat Equation (2015)

Virtually all modern imaging devices collect electromagnetic or acoustic waves and use the energy carried by these waves to determine pixel values to create what is basically an "energy" picture. However, waves also carry "information", as quantified by some form of entropy, and this may also be used to produce an "information" image. Numerous published studies have demonstrated the advantages of entropy, or "information imaging", over conventional methods. The most sensitive information measure appears to be the joint entropy of the collected wave and a reference signal. The sensitivity of repeated experimental observations of a slowly-changing quantity may be defined as the mean variation (<i>i.e.</i>, observed change) divided by mean variance (<i>i.e.</i>, noise). Wiener integration permits computation of the required mean values and variances as solutions to the heat equation, permitting estimation of their relative magnitudes. There always exists a reference, such that joint entropy has larger variation and smaller variance than the corresponding quantities for signal energy, matching observations of several studies. Moreover, a general prescription for finding an "optimal" reference for the joint entropy emerges, which also has been validated in several studies.
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF RICE HUSK FUEL BRIQUETTES. FACTORS INFLUENCING ICP/SCP: CASE OF MOROMBE DISTRICT, ATSIMO ANDREFANA REGION. (2020)

The district of Morombe is the rice granary of the Atsimo Andrefana region with 15,675 ha of rice growing area for a production yield of 3t/ha. Paddy rice contains 21% rice husk, which represents a potential resource available at each harvest and which can be used for energy purposes. The rice husk has no particular use other than for cooking bricks for only 3% of these resources. 
Given this observation and the high cost and even degradation of local forest resources, the use of rice husks for domestic energy purposes is a local priority. The present research work aims to provide the local population with an ecological, hygienic and alternative source of energy to wood energy from the local resources that is the rice husk. 
The methodology adopted for the realization of this work consists of going through the following stages of activities: bibliographical and webographic research, field visits to see first hand the local reality on the availability of the resource to be exploited, surveys on local culinary habits and the processing and analysis of the data collected.
The result of this work has made it possible to have an annual resource of 9,875t in rice husks. The average monthly charcoal consumption per capita is 12.6 kg, or 63 kg/month/household of 5 people. Their culinary habits are very energetic (150 kg/year/capita in charcoal) compared to the national average (100 kg/year/capita in charcoal). The lower calorific value (LCV) of rice husk briquettes varies according to two important parameters: the binder and fine matter content. For a binder content varying from 4% to 10%, the minimum ICP increases from 3512.13 kcal/kg to 4284.77 kcal/kg, but the maximum ICP varies from 3542.13 kcal/kg to 5293.72 kcal/kg. The higher the binder content, not exceeding 10%, the higher the ICP. On the other hand, for fine material with a percentage varying from 25% to 75%, its optimal content is 50% to have a better PCI with a minimum and maximum PCI varying from 3704.73 kcal/kg to 5293.72 kcal/kg. The use of rice husk briquettes instead of charcoal for a household of 5 people will make it possible to preserve respectively every year: 1,008 ha, 0.89 ha and 0.43 ha of eucalyptus forest for rice husk briquettes with a binder content ranging from 4%,5% to 10% binder with an average ICP (4%,5%,10%) of 3452,415 kcal/kg, 3661,25 kcal/kg and 4789,24 kcal/kg respectively.
Injection-Locked Frequency Dividers based on Ring Oscillators with Optimum Injection for Wide Lock Range (2006)

Divide-by-2 and divide-by-6 ring oscillators use multi-phase injection to operate from near DC to 1.7 and 1.2 GHz input frequencies, respectively. In 0.13-mum CMOS, the circuits consume 0.25 mA per stage