gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vimentin contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition cancer cell mechanics by mediating cytoskeletal organization and focal adhesion maturation (2015)

Modulations of cytoskeletal organization and focal adhesion turnover correlate to tumorigenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the latter process accompanied by the loss of epithelial markers and the gain of mesenchymal markers (e.g., vimentin). Clinical microarray results demonstrated that increased levels of vimentin mRNA after chemotherapy correlated to a poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. We hypothesized that vimentin mediated the reorganization of cytoskeletons to maintain the mechanical integrity in EMT cancer cells. By using knockdown strategy, the results showed reduced cell proliferation, impaired wound healing, loss of directional migration, and increased large membrane extension in MDA-MB 231 cells. Vimentin depletion also induced reorganization of cytoskeletons and reduced focal adhesions, which resulted in impaired mechanical strength because of reduced cell stiffness and contractile force. In addition, overexpressing vimentin in MCF7 cells increased cell stiffness, elevated cell motility and directional migration, reoriented microtubule polarity, and increased EMT phenotypes due to the increased β1-integrin and the loss of junction protein E-cadherin. The EMT-related transcription factor slug was also mediated by vimentin. The current study demonstrated that vimentin serves as a regulator to maintain intracellular mechanical homeostasis by mediating cytoskeleton architecture and the balance of cell force generation in EMT cancer cells.
A machine-oriented recognition algorithm for context-free languages (1969)

A variant of the Cocke-Younger algorithm for recognition of context-free languages permits faster operation by a factor proportional to word length on computers with parallel bit-manipulation capabilities.
Simple and efficient protoplast culture procedure of lettuce, Lactuca sativa L. (1988)

Simple and efficient procedure of protoplast culture was developed in lettuce. For protoplast isolation, cotyledons from aseptically grown 7 to 10 days old seedlings of lettuce cv. Kaiser were sliced into ca. 1mm strips, and incubated in 0.04% Macerozyme R-10, 0.2% Meicelase, containing O.029M sucrose, 0.5M mannitol and l/2 inorganic salts and vitamins of MS except NH4NO3 (200mg/l), for 16h at 25°C without shaking. Protoplasts liberated with gentle shaking by hand were passed through nylon mesh (50μm), and washed three times with 0.5M mannitol containing CPW salts or the modified MS used for enzyme treatment. Isolated protoplasts were cultured at a density of 2.5×l04/ml in the medium with 1/2 inorganic salts and vitamins of MS except NH4NO3 (80mg/l), 5mM sodium succinate, 0.5g/l casamino acid. 0.3mg/l BA, 0.3M sucrose, 0.3% Gelrite and an auxin (2, 4-D or NAA) under dim light (ca. 100lux) at 25°C. Colonies were transferred to the liquid medium with the same composition except sucrose (O.15M) after 7 to 10 days, and onto the Gelrite-solidified medium with the same composition as the initial culture medium except sucrose (0.088M) after further 7 to 10 days. Calli larger than 1mm in diameter were transferred onto MS agar medium with BA to induce shoots. Additions of Gelrite to the initial culture medium gave a rapid colony growth, and efficient shoot regeneration. Frequency of shoot regeneration was more influenced by auxin of initial culture medium than by cytokinin of the shoot regeneration medium. The shoots were obtained most frequently when the initial culture medium contained 1mg/l NAA. Shoot primordia differentiated at an early stage of colony growth. By selecting the calli differentiating green shoot primordia, most of calli regenerated plants on the MS agar medium with 0.3mg/l BA. The frequency of calli with green shoot primordia was also influenced by the density of calli in a plate. The higher the density of calli, the lower the frequency of shoot regeneration. Shoot regenerated from isolated protoplasts within 2 months. Only three changes of media were enough to regenerate shoots. The number of colonies was ca. 300per 7.5×104 protoplasts cultured, and most of the colonies regenerated plants. Protoplasts of 7 cultivars of lettuce and 1 of endive were cultured using this procedure, and regenerated plants were obtained from all the cultivars of lettuce and endive.
Synthetic Data Generator for User Behavioral Analytics Systems (2018)

Many of the User Behavioral Analytics (UBA) applications rely on the distributions and baselines of individual users and are sensitive to the changes in these patterns. These applications identify anomalies and threats by observing the deviation of user behavior from their baselines. Development and testing of these applications depend heavily on synthetic data as the availability of the real data is scarce in most of the cases. Synthetic data generated has to follow these patterns, or else it could result in noisy results. Through this work, we present a synthetic data generation technique, which could be utilized by UBA applications for their development and testing. The proposed system for data generation extracts the distribution of attributes, considering the dependencies between these attributes provided by the user. The extracted patterns are stored and can be used any number of time to generate synthetic data. Additionally, we also generate synthetic users, whose behaviors and baselines are similar to that of real users. The scalable system developed will help the development of UBA applications, especially during performance testing. The experiments conducted showed that the synthetic data captured the required patterns and relations from the real data. The experiments also showed that the process of data generation we follow can be scaled up linearly to the available number of processors.
The Effects and of hybrid artificial kidney to the plasma levels of vasoactive substances in hemodialysis patients (2011)

Objective To investigate the effect of hybrid artificial kidney (HP + hD) on vasoactive substances.Methods Forty-eight uremic patients with refractory hypertension were randomly divided into hemodialysis-hemoperfusion (HP+HD) group or hemodialysis (HD) group.The blood pressure(BP),Angiotensin-Ⅱ(AngⅡ),Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and Renin Activity(RA) were measured before and after treatment.Results After 3 months treatment,the levels of BP,RA,ET-1 and Ang Ⅱ were significantly lower in HP + HD group( P＜0.05),but no significant change was seen in hD group (P＞0.05); and significant change was shown about these parameters between two groups (P＜0.05).Conchusion HP induces more effective clearance of serum Ang Ⅱ,ET-1 and RA,which may be the reason for the more effective control of hypertension.

Key words: 
Hemoperfusion;  Hemodialysis;  Vasoactive material;  Hypertension
Very Efficient Diode-Pumped Yb3+:Y2SiO5 and Yb3+: Lu2SiO5 Femtosecond Laser (2005)

We report the modelocked operation of two Yb-doped oxyorthosilicates. Y2SiO5 provided 122fs pulses at 1040nm, with 410mW average power. Lu2SiO5 provided up to 2.6W, 260fs pulses, at 1058nm reaching an optical efficiency greater than 17%.
Biochemistry and physiology of raffinose family oligosaccharides and galactosyl cyclitols in seeds (2001)

Abstract Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are of almost ubiquitous occurrence in plant seeds. They accumulate during seed development and disappear rapidly during germination. The biosynthesis of raffinose, the first member of the series, proceeds by addition of a galactosyl unit to sucrose. Galactinol, a galactosyl derivative of myo -inositol, acts as a galactosyl donor. It is synthesized from UDP-D-GALACTOSE AND MYO -INOSITOL. STACHYOSE, VERBASCOSE AND AJUGOSE, THE NEXT HIGHER RFOS, ARE EITHER SYNTHESIZED BY GALACTINOL-DEPENDENT GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASES OR BY TRANSFER OF GALACTOSYL UNITS BETWEEN TWO RFO MOLECULES. IN SEEDS, THE METABOLISM OF METHYLATED INOSITOLS, SUCH AS D-ononitol and D-pinitol, is linked with the RFO pathway. In contrast to myo -inositol, these cyclitols are galactosylated by transfer of galactosyl residues from galactinol and not from UDP-D-galactose. However, the resulting galactosyl cyclitols can replace galactinol as galactosyl donors for the biosynthesis of stachyose. These recently discovered branches of the RFO pathway are active in seeds of a range of crop species, especially in legumes. We focus here on the biochemistry and molecular biology of the enzymes of RFO and galactosyl cyclitol biosynthesis. The metabolic control and hormonal regulation of the pathway during seed development and germination is discussed. The controversial role of α-galactosidases, which are believed to hydrolyse RFOs during germination, is reviewed critically.
Poly(4-(1-hydroxyalkyl)styrene based photoresist materials: design, synthesis, and their lithographic performance (2006)

Several synthetic approaches are available to make photoresist polymers for deep UV (DUV) lithography. Two approaches were widely used in semiconductor manufacturing: i) direct polymerization of corresponding monomers by (controlled) radical, (living) ionic polymerization ii) thermal or chemical catalyzed deprotection or protection of the macromolecules. The latter approach which is also called polymer modification chemistry (PMC) or polymer analogous chemistry offers several advantageous over the direct polymerization approach. In this presentation, we will provide an overview on the preparation and basic lithographically important characterization of new polymers based on poly(4-(1-hydroxyalkyl)styrene<i>-co-</i>styrene) [Poly(4-HAS<i>-co-</i>S)]. These polymers were synthesized for the first time by PMC and this methodology is an simple alternative for the synthesis of poly(4-HAS<i>-co-</i>S) than conventionally used synthetically challenging free radical or low temperature anionic polymerization of the protected monomer. We have synthesized high and low molecular weight (M<i>n</i>) polymers with mole fraction of functional group ranging from partial to complete functionalization. Several formulations based on poly(4-HAS<i>-co-</i>S) were developed and tested for negative tone imaging at DUV lithography. Lithographic performance of these polymers at DUV lithography will be compared with their molecular weight and mole fraction of functional groups.
Effects of aggregation and electron injection on photovoltaic performance of porphyrin-based solar cells with oligo(phenylethynyl) links inside TiO<sub>2</sub>and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>nanotube arrays (2009)

Porphyrins with phenylethynyl links of varied length (PE1-PE4) were sensitized on vertically oriented, anodic titanium-oxide (ATO) nanotube arrays for application as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The efficiency of power conversion decreased systematically from the dye with a short link to the dye with a long link. We measured the efficiency of conversion of incident photons to current (IPCE), the photocurrent decay of the devices, and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectra of the thin-film samples to understand how the cell performance depends on the length of the link. Measurements of femtosecond fluorescence confirmed that the efficiency of electron injection depended on length because of dye aggregation that significantly increased the rate of aggregate-induced energy transfer for porphyrins with a long link. The rate of electron injection depended on the length of the link with an attenuation factor beta approximately 0.1 A(-1). Resonant energy transfer (RET) kinetics of porphyrins sensitized on anodic aluminium-oxide (AAO) nanotube arrays were performed with picosecond time-correlated single-photon counting and four molecular densities for each porphyrin. The kinetic data of PE1 and PE2 are described satisfactorily according to a Förster model, whereas those of PE3 and PE4 conform to a Dexter formula. A formation of clusters is proposed to rationalize the observed density-dependent kinetics for the RET of porphyrins on semiconductor films.
Characterization of human IgG antimouse antibody in patients with B-cell malignancies. (2003)

Seventy-seven percent of B-cell malignancy patients developed no response or a weak response after multiple doses of mouse Lym-1 antibody. Positive responders occurred in all histology types and fell into two categories differing in seroconversion time and titer, possibly indicative of the initial state of the immune system.
Effect of Thixotropic Agent on the Properties of Conductive Silicone Rubber Gasket for EMI Shielding (2011)

In this study, a thixotropic agent was applied to improve the aspect ratio of the silicone rubber gasket and the resulting obtained through modification showed an increase in aspect ratio from 0.26 to 0.91 with the relative to the gasket without thixotropic agent. Compared with the silicone rubber without thixotropic agent, the mechanical properties of the silicone rubber with thixotropic agent were discussed and the results revealed that the shift was very small. In addition, using Ag-coated Cu dendritic powder as conductive fillers, conductive silicone rubber with the resistivity (0.004Ω·cm) was prepared comparable to the relative commercial products can be used for electro-magnetic interference (EMI). The reliability of the conductive composites under aging at 85°C and 85% room humidity (RH) in a temperature/humidity chamber for 48 h was also discussed and the results showed that the shift of the volume resistivity was almost negligible which can meet the actual needs completely.
On the potential of solar cells to efficiently operate at high temperature (2017)

The development of high temperature CPV/thermal (CSP) hybrid systems appears to be a promising route to improve the overall solar to electricity conversion efficiency. Moreover, such systems would not only use the residual heat stemming from the unconverted fraction of the incident solar radiation in PV cells, but they would also provide the advantage of storing energy as heat. However, the performances of such hybrid systems depend strongly on the temperature of the thermal receivers which are only effective at high temperatures (typically above 250°C) while solar cells typically operate at temperatures close to ambient. An appropriate strategy is to make PV cells efficiently operate at temperature levels significantly exceeding the normal range of temperatures for which they are commonly designed. The degradation of electrical performance associated with high working temperature is less pronounced when the cell is submitted to high sunlight concentrations. An efficient photovoltaic conversion at temperature levels exceeding the ambient may however require significant modifications in the architecture of the cells. In this work, we assessed the feasibility of this strategy by studying the electrical properties as well as the overall efficiency of the PV/CSP system at different temperatures and sunlight illuminations.
Synchrony and desynchrony in integrate-and-fire oscillators (2002)

Due to many experimental reports of synchronized neural activity in the brain, there is much interest in understanding synchronization in networks of oscillators and using these systems for perceptual organization. The authors examine locally coupled networks of integrate-and-fire oscillators and, contrary to a recent report by Hopfield and Herz (1995), they find that they can quickly synchronise. Moreover the authors find that time to achieve synchrony increases logarithmically with the system size. Inspired by LEGION dynamics with relaxation oscillators, the authors are able to reliably desynchronize different oscillator groups in a network of integrate-and-fire oscillators using a global inhibitor.
An approach to natural language for document retrieval (1987)

Document retrieval systems have been restricted, by the nature of the task, to techniques that can be used with large numbers of documents and broad domains. The most effective techniques that have been developed are based on the statistics of word occurrences in text. In this paper, we describe an approach to using natural language processing (NLP) techniques for what is essentially a natural language problem - the comparison of a request text with the text of document titles and abstracts. The proposed NLP techniques are used to develop a request model based on “conceptual case frames” and to compare this model with the texts of candidate documents. The request model is also used to provide information to statistical search techniques that identify the candidate documents. As part of a preliminary evaluation of this approach, case frame representations of a set of requests from the CACM collection were constructed. Statistical searches carried out using dependency and relative importance information derived from the request models indicate that performance benefits can be obtained.
Children in Trouble (1989)

Chapter 2 on the family has already looked at the growing problem of child abuse. This chapter focuses on procedures by which children come into the care of the local authority, perhaps because they have been abused, but also because their parents cannot look after them either temporarily or permanently, or because they have broken the law in a serious way. Child Care law is very complicated and only an indication of the main points can be given here, together with a discussion of some of the key policy issues. The chapter finishes by examining the various way in which young offenders are dealt with by the courts and social services.
0.5% polidocanol for treatment of varicose veins (2000)

Background: The use of sclerosants approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of varicose veins, including sodium morrhuate, ethanolamine oleate, and sodium tetradecyl sulphate, has resulted in complications that include allergic reactions and occasional deaths. Polidocanol, which has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, has been well studied and well described in the literature as a safer, more effective sclerosant for varicose veins at 3.0% concentration. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of 0.5% polidocanol as a sclerosant for varicose veins. Methods: A test dose of polidocanol is injected 1 week before the start of treatment to test for allergic response. Sclerotherapy sessions last 10 minutes, and an average of 10 to 20 mL of 0.5% polidocanol is injected through use of 30-gauge half-inch tuberculin syringes. The treated varicosities are compressed with Coban wrap and compression hosiery for 48 hours after treatment and with compression hosiery alone for another 2 weeks. Results: Having performed approximately 1600 sclerotherapy sessions using 0.5% polidocanol over the last 6 years, I have observed that an average of 3 sclerotherapy sessions are required to attain an 80% to 85% improvement in varicose veins. The number of sessions required for successful treatment ranged from 1 to 15. Results have been long lasting. Localized thrombus formation and hyperpigmentation occurred in some degree in every treated patient but generally did not require treatment for resolution. No ulcerations, pulmonary emboli, or anaphylactic reactions were observed. Superficial chemical thrombophlebitis occurred in 3 patients. Conclusions: Polidocanol is a painless, nonscarring, effective treatment for a condition that previously has been treated surgically. The minimal sclerosant concentration for the treatment of varicose veins is 0.5%.
The Use of Gel Column Analysis in Evaluation of Bentonite Fining Procedures (1973)

The comparative effects of bentonite fining during and after fermentation, at each of three different levels, have been investigated by analyses of wines made from the same batch of 9Muscat Gordo Blanco9 juice. The evaluation was based upon gel column analyses of total ultraviolet absorbing constituents, and upon determinations of nitrogen content in the protein and non-protein fractions of each wine. Fining after fermentation gave much more efficient removal of residual wine proteins, with removal of nearly equal amounts of non-protein nitrogen and protein nitrogen at each level. The use of bentonite during fermentation resulted in greater net losses of non-protein than protein nitrogen at each level. The observations are interpreted in terms of pertinent differences in composition between musts and wines.
Review of clinical brachytherapy uncertainties: Analysis guidelines of GEC-ESTRO and the AAPM (2013)

This report on brachytherapy clinical uncertainties represents a working project developed by the Brachytherapy Physics Quality Assurances System (BRAPHYQS) subcommittee to the Physics Committee within GEC-ESTRO. Further, this report has been reviewed and approved by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine.
Grid Technologies & Applications: Architecture & Achievements (2001)

The 18 months since CHEP’2000 have seen significant advances in Grid computing, both within and outside high energy physics. While in early 2000, Grid computing was a novel concept that most CHEP attendees were being exposed to for the first time, we now see considerable consensus on Grid architecture, a solid and widely adopted technology base, major funding initiatives, a wide variety of projects developing applications and technologies, and major deployment projects aimed at creating robust Grid infrastructures. I provide a summary of major developments and trends, focusing on the Globus open source Grid software project and the GriPhyN data grid project.
Seismic gaps and earthquakes (2003)

McCann et al. [1979] published a widely cited “seismic gap” model ascribing earthquake potential categories to 125 zones surrounding the Pacific Rim. Nishenko [1991] published an updated and revised version including probability estimates of characteristic earthquakes with specified magnitudes within each zone. These forecasts are now more than 20 and 10 years old, respectively, and sufficient data now exist to test them rather conclusively. For the McCann et al. forecast, we count the number of qualifying earthquakes in the several categories of zones. We assume a hypothetical probability consistent with the gap model (e.g., red zones have twice the probability of green zones) and test against the null hypothesis that all zones have equal probability. The gap hypothesis can be rejected at a high confidence level. Contrary to the forecast of McCann et al., the data suggest that the real seismic potential is lower in the gaps than in other segments, and plate boundary zones are not made safer by recent earthquakes. For the 1991 Nishenko hypothesis, we test the number of filled zones, the likelihood scores of the observed and simulated catalogs, and the likelihood ratio of the gap hypothesis to a Poissonian null hypothesis. For earthquakes equal to or larger than the characteristic magnitude, the new seismic gap hypothesis failed at the 95% confidence level in both the number and ratio tests. If we lower the magnitude threshold by 0.5 for qualifying earthquakes, the new gap hypothesis passes the number test but fails in both the likelihood and likelihood ratio tests at the 95% confidence level.
Design Considerations for Flywheel-Transmission Automobiles (1980)

The standard vehicle propulsion system and its controls are compared with a flywheel propulsion system. Different concepts of control and various system configurations are explored. Some considerations for the design of a general purpose automatic flywheel transmission vehicle are presented and discussed. Specifications required for a flywheel transmission system which can achieve substantial mileage improvements and provide high performance are presented.