gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-aligned quadruple patterning integration using spacer on spacer pitch splitting at the resist level for sub-32nm pitch applications (2016)

Multiple patterning integrations for sub 193nm lithographic resolution are becoming increasingly creative in pursuit of cost reduction and achieving desired critical dimension. Implementing these schemes into production can be a challenge. Aimed at reducing cost associated with multiple patterning for the 10nm node and beyond, we will present a self-aligned quadruple patterning strategy which uses 193nm immersion lithography resist pattern as a first mandrel and a spacer on spacer integration to enable a final pitch of 30nm. This option could be implemented for front end or back end critical layers such as Fin and Mx. Investigation of combinations of low temperature ALD films such as TiO, Al2O3 and SiO2 will be reviewed to determine the best candidates to meet the required selectivities, LER/LWR and CDs.
Reversible pressure-temperature denaturation of chymotrypsinogen (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReversible pressure-temperature denaturation of chymotrypsinogenS. A. HawleyCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 13, 2436–2442Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00789a002https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00789a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1309Altmetric-Citations527LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Systems Analysis of Agriculture - Water Resources - Environment in Hebei Plain (1994)

The groundwater in Hebei Plain is the main source of water supply for agriculture, industry and domestic purposes. Over-extraction of groundwater has resulted in serious decline of groundwater level and a series of environmental problems such as land subsidence, degradation of water quality and saline water intruding into fresh groundwater. Conflict between water demand and water supply is blocking the development of agriculture and industry. Possible solutions to the problems are discussed in the paper. Using systems theory and system engineering the water resources and the related subsystems, mainly agriculture and environment, are synthetically analyzed. Readjustment of subsystems structure can rebuild an optimum natural-artificial system which is coordinated with the environment so that the agriculture can be developed in a sustained manner.
Efficient Dispersants for TiO <sub>2</sub> Nanopowder in Organic Suspensions (2015)

This article discusses the appropriate dispersant for titania (TiO 2 ) nanopowder in organic‐based suspensions. Four types of oleyl‐based dispersants, namely, oleyl alcohol, oleic acid, oleylamine, and oleyl phosphate, which have the functional groups hydroxyl (– OH ), carboxyl (– COOH ), amino (– NH 2 ), and phosphorous [–P(=O)( OH ) 2 ], respectively, were compared for their ability to disperse TiO 2 . Experimental results for zeta potential, adsorption, FT ‐ IR spectroscopy, and rheology, as well as theoretical calculations, indicate that dispersants with –P(=O)( OH ) 2 and – NH 2 were more efficient than those with – COOH or – OH . The primary reason for this difference is related to the different interactions of TiO 2 with various dispersants and to different dispersion mechanisms. In addition to the major functional groups, – OH in the chemical structure of dispersants was important, as it might have other effects such as destabilization of the suspensions.
Crossover Behavior of the Anomalous Hall Effect and Anomalous Nernst Effect in Itinerant Ferromagnets (2007)

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) are experimentally investigated in a variety of ferromagnetic metals including pure transition metals, oxides, and chalcogenides, whose resistivities range over 5 orders of magnitude. For these ferromagnets, the transverse conductivity sigma{xy} versus the longitudinal conductivity sigma{xx} shows a crossover behavior with three distinct regimes in accordance qualitatively with a recent unified theory of the intrinsic and extrinsic AHE. We also found that the transverse Peltier coefficient alpha{xy} for the ANE obeys the Mott rule. These results offer a coherent and semiquantitative understanding of the AHE and ANE to an issue of controversy for many decades.
A Universal Method for Detection of Amyloidogenic Misfolded Proteins (2011)

Diseases associated with the misfolding of endogenous proteins, such as Alzheimer's disease and type II diabetes, are becoming increasingly prevalent. The pathophysiology of these diseases is not totally understood, but mounting evidence suggests that the misfolded protein aggregates themselves may be toxic to cells and serve as key mediators of cell death. As such, an assay that can detect aggregates in a sensitive and selective fashion could provide the basis for early detection of disease, before cellular damage occurs. Here we report the evolution of a reagent that can selectively capture diverse misfolded proteins by interacting with a common supramolecular feature of protein aggregates. By coupling this enrichment tool with protein specific immunoassays, diverse misfolded proteins and sub-femtomole amounts of oligomeric aggregates can be detected in complex biological matrices. We anticipate that this near-universal approach for quantitative misfolded protein detection will become a useful research tool for better understanding amyloidogenic protein pathology as well as serve as the basis for early detection of misfolded protein diseases.
A k-step predictive scheme for speed control of diesel driven power plants (1993)

An adaptive speed control scheme for diesel prime movers is presented. Diesel prime movers are characterized by nonlinear, time-varying parameters including a nonlinear input dead-time variation that introduces an unknown delay between the injection of fuel and the production of engine torque. Such plants are difficult to control by conventional proportional-integral (PI) controllers. It is shown that by assuming the existence of an additional system time constant, an explicit estimate of the plant parameters and dead-time may be obtained. The algorithm converges rapidly. The resulting predictor can be used to set up a k-step ahead predictive controller. Studies that compare the performance of the adaptive scheme to that of a fixed, tuned, PI controller are presented. The algorithm is shown to be flexible enough to operate under a wide range of droop settings and is equally applicable to various operating conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling Distributed Fiber Optic Sensor Signals Using Computational Rock Mechanics (2018)

Fiber optic distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) provide a new perspective on the subsurface environment and allows observations of previously unrecorded signals, such as the strain field associated with fracture opening during stimulation and high-resolution images of near-field micro-seismicity.Utilizing GEOS, a flexible multi-scale, multiphysics simulation environment, we are developing the capability to extract maximum information from the signals to constrain key subsurface parameters such as fracture length, width, and aperture.By varying the rate at which fluid leaks off into the reservoir during the stimulation of a hydraulic fracture, we test the ability of these sensors to monitor the placement of proppant in a fracture.We found that DAS signals are a strong indicator of proppant placement issues, such as tip screen-out.On the other hand, under nominal conditions where the proppant particles largely remain suspended in the fracturing fluid, it is difficult to detect its influence using DAS.
Superconductivity in "Amorphous" Transition-Metal Alloy Films (1973)

The superconducting transition temperatures of "amorphous" transition-metal alloys have been measured. The variation of ${T}_{c}$ as a function of the electron-to-atom ratio is consistent with the presence of an atomiclike parameter characterizing the systematics of ${T}_{c}$, with, however, an unexplained peak at the half-filled $d$ shell. The data do not support a recent explanation based entirely on a simple averaging or smearing of the crystalline electronic density of states.
The eSMART Project: real time symptom management in the oncology setting (2016)

In 2013 European Union funding was awarded for the eSMART (Electronic Symptom Management Using the ASyMS Remote Technology) study, to evaluate the use of mobile phone technology for management of chemotherapy symptoms in a two-part, pragmatic, RCT across fourteen European clinical sites, including four in the Republic of Ireland (ROI).
成长不会胜过价值——晨星采访GMO资产管理公司主席杰瑞米·格兰桑 (2009)

帕特·多尔西：你好！我是帕特·多尔西，晨星的股票研究主任。很高兴今天请到了著名的GMO公司首席策略师杰瑞米·格兰桑（Jeremy Grantham）先生。格兰桑大名鼎鼎，他曾对市场作出过很多预言。我们感谢他慷慨地挤出时间参加晨星的投资会议，现在开始我们的访谈。
Sterically Demanding Hetero‐Substituted [2]Borametallocenophanes of Group IV Metals: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity (2011)

We report the synthesis and characterisation of unprecedented unstrained [2]diborametallocenophanes of zirconium and hafnium that bear the bulky octamethylfluorenyl (η(5)-C(29)H(36)) system, the proligands of which were pre-constructed by a two-step synthesis. The compounds were fully characterised by NMR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analysis. Typical reactivities relevant to olefin polymerisation such as methylation and chloride abstraction were also investigated. Finally, a sterically demanding bis(octamethylfluorenyl) metallocene was prepared.
The mitochondrial uncoupler <scp>DNP</scp> triggers brain cell <scp>mTOR</scp> signaling network reprogramming and <scp>CREB</scp> pathway up‐regulation (2015)

Mitochondrial metabolism is highly responsive to nutrient availability and ongoing activity in neuronal circuits. The molecular mechanisms by which brain cells respond to an increase in cellular energy expenditure are largely unknown. Mild mitochondrial uncoupling enhances cellular energy expenditure in mitochondria and can be induced with 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a proton ionophore previously used for weight loss. We found that DNP treatment reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, increases intracellular Ca(2+) levels and reduces oxidative stress in cerebral cortical neurons. Gene expression profiling of the cerebral cortex of DNP-treated mice revealed reprogramming of signaling cascades that included suppression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and insulin--PI3K - MAPK pathways, and up-regulation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2, a negative regulator of mTOR. Genes encoding proteins involved in autophagy processes were up-regulated in response to DNP. CREB (cAMP-response element-binding protein) signaling, Arc and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which play important roles in synaptic plasticity and adaptive cellular stress responses, were up-regulated in response to DNP, and DNP-treated mice exhibited improved performance in a test of learning and memory. Immunoblot analysis verified that key DNP-induced changes in gene expression resulted in corresponding changes at the protein level. Our findings suggest that mild mitochondrial uncoupling triggers an integrated signaling response in brain cells characterized by reprogramming of mTOR and insulin signaling, and up-regulation of pathways involved in adaptive stress responses, molecular waste disposal, and synaptic plasticity. Physiological bioenergetic challenges such as exercise and fasting can enhance neuroplasticity and protect neurons against injury and neurodegeneration. Here, we show that the mitochondrial uncoupling agent 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) elicits adaptive signaling responses in the cerebral cortex involving activation of Ca(2+) -CREB and autophagy pathways, and inhibition of mTOR and insulin signaling pathways. The molecular reprogramming induced by DNP, which is similar to that of exercise and fasting, is associated with improved learning and memory, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for DNP.
Thermal Stability of HfN Compounds on HfO2/SiO2 Gate Stacks (2006)

The thermal stability of HfN compounds on HfO2/SiO2 gate stack has been investigated. Before annealing HfN and HfSiN were found to have a work function of a band-edge N metal. Films have very good thermal stability as measured by Rutherford backscattering. Gate stack high temperature instabilities were observed to occur at the SiO2/Si interface because of the high oxygen solubility of HfN and HfSiN which tends to reduce the underlying SiO2 layer. Attempts to improve the high temperature gate stack stability by incorporating oxygen into the Hf compounds to reduce its oxygen solubility produced some SiO2 interfacial layer re-growth and a work function shift toward mid gap.
Periocular biometrics: When iris recognition fails (2010)

The performance of iris recognition is affected if iris is captured at a distance. Further, images captured in visible spectrum are more susceptible to noise than if captured in near infrared spectrum. This research proposes periocular biometrics as an alternative to iris recognition if the iris images are captured at a distance. We propose a novel algorithm to recognize periocular images in visible spectrum and study the effect of capture distance on the performance of periocular biometrics. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated on more than 11,000 images of the UBIRIS v2 database. The results show promise towards using periocular region for recognition when the information is not sufficient for iris recognition.
Gender Equity and Renewable Energies (2012)

The aim of this chapter is to explore the gender dimension of diﬀerent aspects of renewable energy in the North and South, in particular how renewable energies can contribute to gender equity so that both women and men beneﬁt fairly from access to energy services. The term ‘gender’ is used here deliberately rather than ‘sex’. The term ‘gender’ refers to socially constructed roles of women and men rather than biologically determined diﬀerences. These gender roles of men and women, with their accompanying responsibilities, constraints, opportunities and needs, are deﬁned by a particular society. Gender roles are learned by children as part of their socialization process. The roles change over time and vary widely within and across cultures. Men and women play diﬀerent roles in both Southern and Northern societies, although at ﬁrst glance the roles in the North may not be as clearly visible as they are in the South.
The formation of spatial patterns in social insects: from simple behaviours to complex structures (2003)

Many of the collective activities performed by social insects result in the formation of complex spatio-temporal patterns. Without centralized control, workers are able to work together and collectively tackle tasks far beyond the abilities of any one individual. The resulting patterns produced by a colony are not explicitly coded at the individual level, but rather emerge from nonlinear interactions between individuals or between individuals and their environment. We present a few selected examples to illustrate some of the basic mechanisms used by social insects, such as templates, stigmergy and self-organization. These mechanisms can be used in combination to organize pattern formation at the colony level.
MPC-based battery thermal management controller for Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (2017)

This paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) scheme for the battery thermal management system (BTMS) of a given plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, namely the Toyota Plug-in Prius. As temperature plays a key-role in battery life and performance, BTMS design has become a critical problem in all of the battery-based technologies. Although BTMS control design in its basic form can be well represented by a reference tracking problem, there exists only little research in the literature addressing this important control problem. Due to the importance of a prediction component in thermal systems, the idea in this paper is to design a concrete BTMS controller using the nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) theory and examine its applicability to fill this gap. The promising simulation results indicate the prosperity of the proposed BTMS control methodology and thus pave the way for use of the model-based thermal management techniques in a wide range of upcoming battery-based devices.
Von Willebrand factor’s clearance (2006)

Von Willebrand factor (FVW) is a multimeric plasma glycoprotein that plays two major roles in hemostasis: it promotes platelet adhesion to the subendothelium in case of vascular injury and it carries and protects coagulation FVIII in the circulation. FVW plasma concentration requires tight regulation since a reduced level may result in a bleeding tendency whereas an elevated concentration is associated with an increased thrombotic risk. Plasma levels represent a balance between biosynthetic and catabolic pathways. With regard to FVW, its biosynthetic pathways has been well studied in the past while relatively little is known concerning its clearance mechanism. However, recent data point to abnormal clearance as being a potential cause for von Willebrand disease, the most common inherited bleeding disorder in humans. Defective clearance may originate from a variety of reasons: mutations in the FVW gene, effect of a gene modifier or increase functionality of the FVW clearance mechanism. In this review, we will give an update of the present knowledge on how FVW is cleared from the circulation and how this process is regulated.
Starch Graft Poly(methyl acrylate) Loose-Fill Foam:  Preparation, Properties and Degradation (2003)

Starch graft poly(methyl acrylate) (S-g-PMA) was prepared by ceric ion initiation of methyl acrylate in an aqueous corn starch slurry (prime starch) which maximized the accessibility of the starch for graft polymerization. A new ceric ion reaction sequence was established as starch-initiator-methyl acrylate followed by addition of a small amount of ceric ion solution when the graft polymerization was almost complete to quench the reaction. As a result of this improved procedure, no unreacted methyl acrylate monomer remained, and thus, essentially no ungrafted poly(methyl acrylate) homopolymer was formed in the final grafted product. Quantities of the high purity S-g-PMA so prepared in pilot scale were converted to resin pellets and loose-fill foam by single screw and twin screw extrusion. The use of prime starch significantly improved the physical properties of the final loose-fill foam, in comparison to foam produced from regular dry corn starch. The S-g-PMA loose-fill foam had compressive strength and resiliency comparable to expanded polystyrene but higher bulk density. The S-g-PMA loose-fill foam also had better moisture and water resistance than other competitive starch-based materials. Studies indicated that the starch portion in S-g-PMA loose-fill foam biodegraded rapidly, whereas poly(methyl acrylate) remained relatively stable under natural environmental conditions.
The Use of Electromechanical Film (EMFi) Sensors in Building a Robust Touch-SensitiveTablet-Like Interface (2007)

The use of electromechanical film (EMFi) sensors in building a new robust touch-sensitive tablet-like interface is presented. The built prototype system includes a 40 cm times 40cm metallic plate with four EMFi sensors attached to its corners (26 cm times 26 cm active area), a four channel amplifier, and a computer with data acquisition card and analysis software. When the user interacts with the plate, the sensors measure the pressure distributed to each corner of the plate. The software calculates the position of the interaction relative to the center point of the plate and the force involved in the interaction. The device can detect both the static and the dynamic force involved in the interaction, and it has an average error of 0.18 cm in detecting the location pressed. Experimental results are discussed and directions for future developments are suggested
Time-reversal-based imaging and inverse scattering of multiply scattering point targets (2005)

The treatment of time-reversal imaging of multiply scattering point targets developed by the present authors in Gruber et al. [“Time-reversal imaging with multiple signal classification considering multiple scattering between the targets,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 115, 3042–3047 (2004)] is reformulated and extended to the estimation of the target scattering strengths using the Foldy–Lax multiple scattering model. It is shown that the time-reversal multiple signal classification (MUSIC) pseudospectrum computed using the background Green function as the steering vector yields accurate estimates of the target locations, even in the presence of strong multiple scattering between the targets, and that the target scattering strengths are readily computed from the so-determined target locations using a nonlinear iterative algorithm. The paper includes computer simulations illustrating the theory and algorithms presented in the paper.
Efficient Joins with Compressed Bitmap Indexes (2009)

We present a new class of adaptive algorithms that use compressed bitmap indexes to speed up evaluation of the range join query in relational databases. We determine the best strategy to process a join query based on a fast sub-linear time computation of the join selectivity (the ratio of the number of tuples in the result to the total number of possible tuples). In addition, we use compressed bitmaps to represent the join output compactly: the space requirement for storing the tuples representing the join of two relations is asymptotically bounded by min(h; n . cb), where h is the number of tuple pairs in the result relation, n is the number of tuples in the smaller of the two relations, and cb is the cardinality of the larger column being joined. We present a theoretical analysis of our algorithms, as well as experimental results on large-scale synthetic and real data sets. Our implementations are efficient, and consistently outperform well-known approaches for a range of join selectivity factors. For instance, our count-only algorithm is up to three orders of magnitude faster than the sort-merge approach, and our best bitmap index-based algorithm is 1.2x-80x faster than the sort-merge algorithm, for various query instances. We achieve these speedups by exploiting several inherent performance advantages of compressed bitmap indexes for join processing: an implicit partitioning of the attributes, space-efficiency, and tolerance of high-cardinality relations.