gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Inductive Salinity Meter for in situ Measurements (1960)

An Inductive Salinity Meter for in situ Measurements Get access J. C. German J. C. German Marine StationMillport, Isle of CumbraeScotland*) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ICES Journal of Marine Science, Volume 26, Issue 1, December 1960, Pages 21–32, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/26.1.21 Published: 01 December 1960
<i>Arabidopsis MYB26/MALE STERILE35</i>Regulates Secondary Thickening in the Endothecium and Is Essential for Anther Dehiscence (2007)

The Arabidopsis thaliana MYB26/MALE STERILE35 (MS35) gene is critical for the development of secondary thickening in the anther endothecium and subsequent dehiscence. MYB26 is localized to the nucleus and regulates endothecial development and secondary thickening in a cell-specific manner in the anther. MYB26 expression is seen in anthers and also in the style and nectaries, although there is no effect on female fertility in the ms35 mutant. MYB26 expression in anthers occurs early during endothecial development, with maximal expression during pollen mitosis I and bicellular stages, indicating a regulatory role in specifying early endothecial cell development. Overexpression of MYB26 results in ectopic secondary thickening in both Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants, predominantly within the epidermal tissues. MYB26 regulates a number of genes linked to secondary thickening, including IRREGULAR XYLEM1 (IRX1), IRX3, IRX8, and IRX12. Changes in expression were also detected in two NAC domain genes, NAC SECONDARY WALL-PROMOTING FACTOR1 (NST1) and NST2, which have been linked to secondary thickening in the anther endothecium. These data indicate that MYB26 regulates NST1 and NST2 expression and in turn controls the process of secondary thickening. Therefore, MYB26 appears to function in a regulatory role involved in determining endothecial cell development within the anther and acts upstream of the lignin biosynthesis pathway.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Piezoelectric PLZT Powder [Translated]<sup>†</sup> (2003)

The mechanochemical (MC) synthesis of La-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) powder from its constituent oxides was conducted with planetary ball milling. A single-phase perovskite PLZT powder was synthesized by dry-milling the oxide mixture for a relatively short period (36 ks at 400 rpm). Dense PLZT bulk samples with fine-grained microstructures were obtained even from powders milled for a short time (3.6 ks) and at a lower sintering temperature than for the powders prepared by the conventional wet-mixing process. The present study suggests that the mechanochemical synthesis of PLZT comprises the following three stages: First, the pulverization, fine mixing, and granulation of the starting powders occur in the early stage. Second, the particles of the powders increasingly lost their crystallinity due to milling ball impact. Finally, the reaction between PbO and TiO2 produced PbTiO3, whose reaction with the remaining oxides formed (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 solid solutions.† This report was originally printed in J. of the Japan Soc. of Powder and Powder Metallurgy, 48(10), 943-949 (2001) in Japanese, before being translated into English by KONA Editorial Committee with the permission of the editorial committee of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy.
Statistical secrecy and multibit commitments (1998)

We present and compare definitions of "statistically hiding" protocols, and we propose a novel statistically hiding commitment scheme. Informally, a protocol statistically hides a secret if a computationally unlimited adversary who conducts the protocol with the owner of the secret learns almost nothing about it. One definition is based on the L/sub 1/-norm distance between probability distributions, the other on information theory. We prove that the two definitions are essentially equivalent. We also show that statistical counterparts of definitions of computational secrecy are essentially equivalent to our main definitions. Commitment schemes are an important cryptologic primitive. Their purpose is to commit one party to a certain value, while hiding this value from the other party until some later time. We present a statistically hiding commitment scheme allowing commitment to many bits. The commitment and reveal protocols of this scheme are constant-round, and the size of a commitment is independent of the number of bits committed to. This also holds for the total communication complexity, except of course for the bits needed to send the secret when it is revealed. The proof of the hiding property exploits the equivalence of the two definitions.
Automics (2011)

Automics is a photo-souvenir service which utilises mobile devices to support the capture, sharing and annotation of digital images amongst groups of visitors to theme parks. The prototype service mixes individual and group photo-capture with existing in-park, on-ride photo services, to allow users to create printed photo-stories. Herein we discuss initial fieldwork in theme parks that grounded the design of Automics, our development of the service prototype, and its real-world evaluation with theme park visitors. We relate our findings on user experience of the service to a literature on mobile photoware, finding implications for the design of souvenir services.
Dysregulation of MicroRNAs in Colonic Field Carcinogenesis: Implications for Screening (2012)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tests often have a trade-off between efficacy and patient acceptability/cost. Fecal tests (occult blood, methylation) engender excellent patient compliance but lack requisite performance underscoring the need for better population screening tests. We assessed the utility of microRNAs (miRNAs) as markers of field carcinogenesis and their potential role for CRC screening using the azoxymethane (AOM)-treated rat model. We found that 63 miRNAs were upregulated and miR-122, miR-296-5p and miR-503# were downregulated in the uninvolved colonic mucosa of AOM rats. We monitored the expression of selected miRNAs in colonic biopsies of AOM rats at 16 weeks and correlated it with tumor development. We noted that the tumor bearing rats had significantly greater miRNA modulation compared to those without tumors. The miRNAs showed good diagnostic performance with an area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) of >0.7. We also noted that the miRNA induction in the colonic mucosa was mirrorred in the mucus layer fecal colonocytes isolated from AOM rat stool and the degree of miRNA induction was greater in the tumor bearing rats compared to those without tumors. Lastly, we also noted significant miRNA modulation in the Pirc rats- the genetic model of colon carcinogenesis, both in the uninvolved colonic mucosa and the fecal colonocytes. We thus demonstrate that miRNAs are excellent markers of field carcinogenesis and could accurately predict future neoplasia. Based on our results, we propose an accurate, inexpensive, non-invasive miRNA test for CRC risk stratification based on rectal brushings or from abraded fecal colonocytes.
Synaptic Activation of Voltage-Gated Channels in the Dendrites of Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons (1995)

Activation of dendritic voltage-gated ion channels by local synaptic input was tested by simultaneous dendrite-attached patch-clamp recordings and whole-cell somatic voltage recordings made from CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices. Schaffer collateral stimulation elicited subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that opened voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels in the apical dendrites. The EPSP-activated sodium channels opened near the peak of the EPSP, whereas low voltage-activated calcium channels opened near the EPSP peak and during the decay phase. Dendritic high voltage-activated channels required somatic action potential generation or suprathreshold synaptic trains for activation. Dendritic voltage-gated channels are, therefore, likely to participate in dendritic integration of synaptic events.
Superresolved multiphoton microscopy with spatial frequency-modulated imaging (2016)

Superresolved far-field microscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating the structure of objects with resolution well below the diffraction limit of light. Nearly all superresolution imaging techniques reported to date rely on real energy states of fluorescent molecules to circumvent the diffraction limit, preventing superresolved imaging with contrast mechanisms that occur via virtual energy states, including harmonic generation (HG). We report a superresolution technique based on spatial frequency-modulated imaging (SPIFI) that permits superresolved nonlinear microscopy with any contrast mechanism and with single-pixel detection. We show multimodal superresolved images with two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) from biological and inorganic media. Multiphoton SPIFI (MP-SPIFI) provides spatial resolution up to 2η below the diffraction limit, where η is the highest power of the nonlinear intensity response. MP-SPIFI can be used to provide enhanced resolution in optically thin media and may provide a solution for superresolved imaging deep in scattering media.
Diabetes and Sexual Dysfunction: Results From the Olmsted County Study of Urinary Symptoms and Health Status Among Men (2007)

The presence of diabetes at baseline was significantly associated not only with erectile dysfunction but with all aspects of sexual dysfunction, including sexual drive, ejaculatory function, sexual problems and sexual satisfaction in this population based sample of men residing in Olmsted County.
Expression Profiling in Squamous Carcinoma Cells Reveals Pleiotropic Effects of Vitamin D3 Analog EB1089 Signaling on Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Immune System Regulation (2002)

The active form of vitamin D3, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] is key mediator of calcium homeostasis and is a component of the complex homeostatic system of the skin. 1,25-(OH)2D3 regulates cellular differentiation and proliferation and has broad potential as an anticancer agent. Oligonucleotide microarrays were used to assess profiles of target gene regulation at several points over a 48 h period by the low calcemic 1,25-(OH)2D3 analog EB1089 in human SCC25 head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. One hundred fifty-two targets were identified, composed of 89 up- and 63 down-regulated genes distributed in multiple profiles of regulation. Results are consistent with EB1089 driving SCC25 cells toward a less malignant phenotype, similar to that of basal keratinocytes. Targets identified control inter- and intra-cellular signaling, G protein-coupled receptor function, intracellular redox balance, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix composition, cell cycle progression, steroid metabolism, and more than 20 genes modulating immune system function. The data indicate that EB1089 performs three key functions of a cancer chemoprevention agent; it is antiproliferative, it induces cellular differentiation, and has potential genoprotective effects. While no evidence was found for gene-specific differences in efficacy of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and EB1089, gene regulation by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was generally more transient. Treatment of cells with 1,25-(OH)2D3 and the cytochrome P450 inhibitor ketoconazole produced profiles of regulation essentially identical to those observed with EB1089 alone, indicating that the more sustained regulation by EB1089 was due to its resistance to inactivation by induced 24-hydroxylase activity. This suggests that differences in action of the two compounds arise more from their relative sensitivities to metabolism than from differing effects on VDR function.
Recombinant hamster sperm receptors that exhibit species-specific binding to sperm (1996)

Previous studies have shown that mouse sperm bind to hamster eggs and hamster sperm bind to mouse eggs in vitro. Furthermore, sperm receptor glycoprotein isolated from the zona pellucida of unfertilised hamster (hZP3) and mouse (mZP3) eggs binds to sperm from the heterologous species. Here, we expressed the hZP3 gene, under control of a constitutive promoter (pgk-1), in mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with the hZP3 gene. In both cases, recombinant hZP3 (EC-hZP3 and CHO-hZP3) secreted into the culture medium was partially purified by high-performance liquid chromatography on a size-exclusion column and assayed for bioactivity using mouse and hamster gametes. Unlike hamster egg hZP3, which binds to both mouse and hamster sperm, EC-hZP3 and CHO-hZP3 exhibits species-specific binding to hamster sperm and induce hamster sperm, but not mouse sperm, to undergo the acrosome reaction in vitro. These results provide further evidence that species-specific binding of sperm to eggs in mammals is carbohydrate-mediated. Furthermore, the results suggest that recombinant forms of mammalian sperm receptors may be useful in assessing the molecular basis of species-specific fertilisation in mammals.
Association between plasma concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and survival in patients with colorectal cancer (1998)

Editorial by Verspaget 

Invasion by cancer cells requires proteases such as the serine protease plasmin to degrade the cellular matrix. Plasmin is formed from its zymogen, plasminogen, a reaction catalysed by urokinase type plasminogen activator—which is implicated in invasion1—and partly regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitors. The active form of the inhibitor complexes with free and receptor bound active urokinase plasminogen activator and is bound by vitronectin in plasma and extracellular matrix.2

A high concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in biopsy specimens from tumours is associated with a poor prognosis,3 and some patients with ovarian cancer have raised plasma concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.4 We studied the prognostic importance of plasma concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in patients with colorectal …
A New Approach to Determine the Specular Point of Forward Reflected GNSS Signals (2018)

Accurate determination of the specular point is important for simulating and processing reflected global navigation satellite system signals for remote sensing applications. Existing methods for determining the specular point are based on both spherical and ellipsoidal approximations of the Earth and employ either Snell's law or Fermat's principle to formulate the problem. By analysis and simulation, it is shown that these methods produce significant errors at intermediate latitudes. In this paper, a novel formulation for the solution of the specular point is proposed that satisfies Snell's Law on the WGS84 ellipsoid. The proposed method is compared with the existing methods for various receiver orbit configurations and algorithm augmentations. It is shown that the proposed method is more accurate than the existing methods and more computationally efficient than the minimum path length (MPL) method. Additionally, the resultant grazing angles, MPL method errors, and specular point locations as a function of the receiver orbit are investigated, leading to the finding that the likelihood of an error is significant for geometries favored by reflectometry applications.
Visible light positioning: Automotive use case (2010)

The use of positioning sensors on automobiles is becoming increasingly common with the desire to facilitate utility and traffic safety by giving the driver information on the automobiles position relative to the surroundings. In this paper we introduce a positioning technique based upon automobile LED lighting - either taillights or headlights - that we believe is cost effective, low complexity, offers the promise of high accuracy while using existing automobile illumination lighting.
Context-based virtual metrology (2018)

Hybrid and data feed forward methodologies are well established for advanced optical process control solutions in highvolume semiconductor manufacturing. Appropriate information from previous measurements, transferred into advanced optical model(s) at following step(s), provides enhanced accuracy and exactness of the measured topographic (thicknesses, critical dimensions, etc.) and material parameters. In some cases, hybrid or feed-forward data are missed or invalid for dies or for a whole wafer. We focus on approaches of virtual metrology to re-create hybrid or feed-forward data inputs in high-volume manufacturing. We discuss missing data inputs reconstruction which is based on various interpolation and extrapolation schemes and uses information about wafer’s process history. Moreover, we demonstrate data reconstruction approach based on machine learning techniques utilizing optical model and measured spectra. And finally, we investigate metrics that allow one to assess error margin of virtual data input.
Effects of contrast medium on radiation-induced chromosome aberrations. (1982)

The effects of contrast material (meglumine iothalamate) on radiation-induced chromosome aberrations were investigated in studies on the lymphocytes of patients who had undergone diagnostic radiography and in in vitro experiments with diagnostic x rays and 60Co gamma rays. Chromosome and chromatid aberrations were found to increase significantly with increasing concentrations of contrast material that were added at irradiation. However, the aberrations were not associated with elevation of the ratio of dicentric and ring chromosomes to the number of cells with unstable chromosome aberrations at the first mitosis. Lymphocytes irradiated in the absence of contrast material did not show an increase in chromosome-type aberrations when the agent was given in increasing concentrations during subsequent incubation, but there were greater numbers of chromatid gaps and breaks. When lymphocytes were exposed to 400 R (103.2 mC/kg) of 60Co gamma rays, the presence of contrast agent did not increase the yield of dicentric and ring chromosomes, but induced a marked delay in cell proliferation, especially in lymphocytes with more heavily damaged chromosomes. In additional examination, the contrast agent itself induced sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes.
Haplotype Effect of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Gene on Risk of Myocardial Infarction (2005)

Myocardial infarction (MI) is commonly caused by atherosclerotic plaque rupture following excessive degradation of collagen fibers in the atherosclerotic lesion. We investigated whether interindividual variability in risk of MI was related to polymorphisms in the gene encoding matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, a key fibrillar collagen-degrading enzyme. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms in the MMP1 gene promoter were identified following sequencing DNA samples from 30 individuals. An analysis of the polymorphisms in a cohort of British whites with coronary atherosclerosis, including 639 patients with MI and 538 non-MI subjects, revealed a haplotype effect of the -519A>G and -340T>C polymorphisms on risk of MI, with the A(-519)-C(-340) and G(-519)-T(-340) haplotypes being protective (odds ratio=0.70 [0.57 to 0.86]; P=0.0007), whereas the G(-519)-C(-340) haplotype increased MI risk (odds ratio=1.94 [1.15 to 3.28]; P=0.013). This finding was replicated in a subsequent analysis of 387 Swedish MI patients and 387 healthy controls (odds ratio=0.70 [0.55 to 0.89], P=0.003, for A(-519)-C(-340) and G(-519)-T(-340); odds ratio=1.54 [0.97 to 2.46], P=0.07, for G(-519)-C(-340)). In vitro assays showed that compared with the A(-519)-T(-340) haplotype, the A(-519)-C(-340) and G(-519)-T(-340) haplotypes had lower promoter activity, whereas the G(-519)-C(-340) haplotype had greater promoter strength, in driving gene expression in human macrophages. Haplotype-specific differences in MMP1 mRNA level in atherosclerotic tissues were also detected. The data indicate that MMP1 gene variation is a genetic factor contributing to interindividual differences in MI risk.
Principles of Object Oriented Modeling and Simulation with Modelica 3.3 (2014)

The second edition features improvements and updates of the Modelica language including synchronous clocked constructs, examines basic concepts of cyber-physical, equation-based, object-oriented sy ...
Endocrine Basis for Disruptive Effects of Cortisol on Preovulatory Events (2004)

Stress activates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to enhanced glucocorticoid secretion and concurrently inhibits gonadotropin secretion and disrupts ovarian cyclicity. Here we tested the hypothesis that stress-like concentrations of cortisol interfere with follicular phase endocrine events of the ewe by suppressing pulsatile LH secretion, which is essential for subsequent steps in the preovulatory sequence. Cortisol was infused during the early to midfollicular phase, elevating plasma cortisol concentrations to one third, one half, or the maximal value induced by isolation, a commonly used model of psychosocial stress. All cortisol treatments compromised at least some aspect of reproductive hormone secretion in follicular phase ewes. First, cortisol significantly suppressed LH pulse frequency by as much as 35%, thus attenuating the high frequency LH pulses typical of the preovulatory period. Second, cortisol interfered with timely generation of the follicular phase estradiol rise, either preventing it or delaying the estradiol peak by as much as 20 h. Third, cortisol delayed or blocked the preovulatory LH and FSH surges. Collectively, our findings support the hypothesis that stress-like increments in plasma cortisol interfere with the follicular phase by suppressing the development of high frequency LH pulses, which compromises timely expression of the preovulatory estradiol rise and LH and FSH surges. Moreover, the suppression of LH pulse frequency provides indirect evidence that cortisol acts centrally to suppress pulsatile GnRH secretion in follicular-phase ewes.
Retrospect and prospect: advances and future strategies in climate research* (2003)

Abstract A brief review of the progress in climate research and a prospect on its further development in the 21st century is presented. Some key findings including the concept of climate system, the discovery of climatic multi-equilibrium and abrupt climate changes, and the recognition of human activities as an important force of climate change made breakthroughs in climatology possible during last few decades. The adaptation to climatic and global change emerged as a new aspect of climatic research during the 1990s. Climate research will break through in the observation of the global system, in the analysis of mass data, in the deepening of research on the mechanism of climatic change, and in the improvement of models. In the applied fields of climate research, there will be substantial progress in the research on adaptation to global change and sustainable development, on orderly human activities, and climate modification.
WHERE and WHAT: object perception for autonomous robots (2002)

It is essential that autonomous robots be able to locate and identify objects in their environment. A novel approach for visually extracting such object information from images is presented. Annular operators are used to identify existing symmetric relationships between sets of edge elements. Operators are applied at multiple scales to edge data which have been extracted at multiple scales from a gray-scale image. From the resulting symmetry points, the authors identify a set of object parts in the scene. These are used as the basis for constructing coarse graph-based object descriptors. Preliminary results are presented to illustrate the approach using natural image data.
Equations for Calculating the Dielectric Constant of Saline Water (Correspondence) (1971)

The dielectric constant of saline water may be represented by an equation of the Debye form. Equations for the parameters in the Debye expression are given as functions of the water temperature and salinity.