gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of solar, Galactic and man-made noise on UHF SATCOM operation (2002)

Noise power radiated by the Sun and stars, Earth and man-made noise, antenna characteristics and receiver performance all affect UHF Satellite Communications (SATCOM) operation. Stationary terminals deploy high-gain, directional antennae for SATCOM operation, while mobile terminals utilize low-gain, hemispherical-coverage antennae. As a result, the mobile terminal is plagued by low link margin, due to a limited antenna coverage profile, multipath fading, and shadowing. Aircraft communications are discussed in particular. Concern about solar noise impacting UHF SATCOM operation arises from two sources, solar transit and link margin. The noise level of a UHF receiver is ultimately limited by the receive antenna temperature. A large amount of published data is available to assist the engineer in evaluating the level of antenna noise. Just because the Sun appears as a black-body radiator of 800,000 K at UHF, it cannot be blindly inserted into a link margin algorithm just as much as a quiet sky temperature of 90 K is not always appropriate. Antenna noise temperature is linked to the type of antenna used which is further linked to the mobility of the platform. Actual antenna temperature is determined by that portion of the antenna pattern that views the warm Earth or man-made noise of a city. Spatial diversity is employed on mobile platforms to combat shadowing and multipath fading, while effectively achieving hemispherical coverage.
Comparative study on sigma phase precipitation of three types of stainless steels: Austenitic, superferritic and duplex (2006)

The present work studies, in a comparative manner, the sigma phase precipitation of three stainless steels: austenitic type 316L (17Cr–12Ni–2·5Mo, wt-%), superferritic type DIN W. Nr. 1·4575 (Nb–28Cr–4Ni–2Mo, wt-%) and duplex type DIN W. Nr. 1·4462 or UNS S31803 (22Cr–5·5Ni–3Mo–0·14N, wt-%). In austenitic stainless steel, the formation of sigma phase occurred both at austenite grain boundaries and inside delta ferrite islands. In superferritic stainless steel, sigma phase occurred both at grain boundaries and in the grain interior. In the ferrites, both in the duplex and in the austenitic steel, sigma phase formation occurred by eutectoid reaction ferrite→sigma + austenite. The tendency towards precipitation of the sigma phase in the three types of steel investigated can be placed in the following sequence: duplex>superferritic>austenitic.
Reversible Regulation of Protein Binding Affinity by a DNA Machine (2012)

We report a DNA machine that can reversibly regulate target binding affinity on the basis of distance-dependent bivalent binding. It is a tweezer-like DNA machine that can tune the spatial distance between two ligands to construct or destroy the bivalent binding. The DNA machine can strongly bind to the target protein when the ligands are placed at an appropriate distance but releases the target when the bivalent binding is disrupted by enlargement of the distance between the ligands. This "capture-release" cycle could be repeatedly driven by single-stranded DNA without changing the ligands and target protein.
HSV Color Space and Face Detection Based Objectionable Image Detecting (2008)

Internet access has dramatically increased the risk of receiving objectionable information such as the pornographic images. Content based Image detection is of the paramount importance in objectionable images filtering in Internet. This paper designed a simplified system by using the HSV color space converted by the law of gravity center and combining the face detection to define and evaluate the degree of the the benign image in general.
A Review: On Mobility Prediction for Wireless Networks (2013)

Abstract — Rapid mobile networking growth and network applications diversity led to the need for future generation wireless networks to support a wide range of Quality-of-Service (QoS). Next generation networks of 4G and beyond aim to ensure that seamless mobility across heterogeneous networks and support to real-time multimedia services. This needs intra and inter-domain handovers/service reconfiguration procedures which have to be completed with minimum latency. Mobility Prediction is a key to this goal. Increased interaction between mobile users and networks require mobility prediction schemes to be used in next generation networks so that they are capable of high prediction accuracy in spite of user movement being random. This work presents a survey on mobility prediction schemes proposed for wireless networks. Keywords—Mobility Prediction, Quality-of-Service (QoS),
Data-Dependent Kernel Machines for Microarray Data Classification (2007)

One important application of gene expression analysis is to classify tissue samples according to their gene expression levels. Gene expression data are typically characterized by high dimensionality and small sample size, which makes the classification task quite challenging. In this paper, we present a data-dependent kernel for microarray data classification. This kernel function is engineered so that the class separability of the training data is maximized. A bootstrapping-based resampling scheme is introduced to reduce the possible training bias. The effectiveness of this adaptive kernel for microarray data classification is illustrated with a k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier. Our experimental study shows that the data-dependent kernel leads to a significant improvement in the accuracy of KNN classifiers. Furthermore, this kernel-based KNN scheme has been demonstrated to be competitive to, if not better than, more sophisticated classifiers such as Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and the Uncorrelated Linear Discriminant Analysis (ULDA) for classifying gene expression data.
对有静脉内的提高对比的 C 手臂的肝肿瘤的脱离边缘评价计算了断层摄影术 (2012)

AIM:To evaluate the feasibility of intravenous contrastenhanced C-arm computed tomography(CT) for assessing ablative areas and margins of liver tumors.METHODS:Twelve patients(5 men,7 women;mean age,69.5 years) who had liver tumors(8 hepatocellular carcinomas,4 metastatic liver tumors;mean size,16.3 mm;size range,8-20 mm) and who underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablations(RFAs) with a flatdetector C-arm system were retrospectively reviewed.Intravenously enhanced C-arm CT and multidetector computed tomography(MDCT) images were obtained at the end of the RFA sessions and 3-7 d after RFA to evaluate the ablative areas and margins.The ablated areas and margins were measured using axial plane images acquired by both imaging techniques,with prior contrast-enhanced MDCT images as the reference.The sensitivity,specificity,and positive and negative predictive values of C-arm CT for detecting insufficient ablative margins(< 5 mm) were calculated.Statistical differences in the ablative areas and margins evaluated with both imaging techniques were compared using a paired t-test.RESULTS:All RFA procedures were technically successful.Of 48 total ablative margins,19(39.6%) and 20(41.6%) margins were found to be insufficient with C-arm CT and MDCT,respectively.Moreover,there were no significant differences between these 2 imaging techniques in the detection of these insufficient ablative margins.The sensitivity,specificity,and positive and negative predictive values for detecting insufficient margins by C-arm CT were 90.0%,96.4%,94.7% and 93.1%,respectively.The mean estimated ablative areas calculated from C-arm CT(462.5 ± 202.1 mm 2) and from MDCT(441.2 ± 212.5 mm 2) were not significantly different.The mean ablative margins evaluated by C-arm CT(6.4 ± 2.2 mm) and by MDCT(6.0 ± 2.4 mm) were also not significantly different.CONCLUSION:The efficacy of intravenous contrastenhanced C-arm CT in assessing the ablative areas and margins after RFA of liver tumors is nearly equivalent to that of MDCT.
Inulin and levan synthesis by probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri strains: characterization of three novel fructansucrase enzymes and their fructan products (2010)

Fructansucrase enzymes polymerize the fructose moiety of sucrose into levan or inulin fructans, with beta(2-6) and beta(2-1) linkages, respectively. Here, we report an evaluation of fructan synthesis in three Lactobacillus gasseri strains, identification of the fructansucrase-encoding genes and characterization of the recombinant proteins and fructan (oligosaccharide) products. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and polymers produced by the L. gasseri strains and the recombinant enzymes revealed that, in situ, L. gasseri strains DSM 20604 and 20077 synthesize inulin (and oligosaccharides) and levan products, respectively. L. gasseri DSM 20604 is only the second Lactobacillus strain shown to produce inulin polymer and FOS in situ, and is unique in its distribution of FOS synthesized, ranging from DP2 to DP13. The probiotic bacterium L. gasseri DSM 20243 did not produce any fructan, although we identified a fructansucrase-encoding gene in its genome sequence. Further studies showed that this L. gasseri DSM 20243 gene was prematurely terminated by a stop codon. Exchanging the stop codon for a glutamine codon resulted in a recombinant enzyme producing inulin and FOS. The three recombinant fructansucrase enzymes characterized from three different L. gasseri strains have very similar primary protein structures, yet synthesize different fructan products. An interesting feature of the L. gasseri strains is that they were unable to ferment raffinose, whereas their respective recombinant enzymes converted raffinose into fructan and FOS.
Reporting of Cardiac Troponin Concentrations (2002)

There is currently substantial debate about how cardiac troponin concentrations should be reported. We would like to offer an alternative strategy to two recent recommendations.

In a recent editorial, Apple and Wu (1) proposed that the concentration of cardiac troponin that corresponds to an analytical imprecision (CV) of 10% be used as a medical diagnostic guide.

Panteghini et al. (2), in their document on quality specifications for cardiac troponin assays, state that “the detection limit … of cardiac troponin … should be significantly lower than the clinical discrimination limit used”. The main reason for this is that patient risk stratification based on results generated by assays not meeting this requirement would be compromised by considerable imprecision.

In contrast, a recent article on the proposed new definition of myocardial infarction states that “A review of currently available data demonstrates no discernible threshold below which an increased value for cardiac troponin would be deemed harmless” (3). Thus, the first two views (1)(2) focus on ensuring that reported results are real, and the third (3) is intent on extracting the maximum clinically useful information. Is it possible to reconcile these imperatives?

Current commercially available assays for cardiac troponin cannot detect the picomolar concentrations of protein that are reportedly present in the blood of healthy persons (4). This point is supported by recent work from Roche Diagnostics in their efforts to establish a reference value for cardiac troponin T. Among 1951 apparently healthy persons, only 19 had troponin T concentrations above the minimum detectable concentration of 0.010 μg/L (Roche Diagnostics, information on file). No information was …
An ordered sequential mechanism for Factor IX and Factor IXa binding to platelet receptors in the assembly of the Factor X-activating complex (2005)

To define the contributions of the Omega-loop of the Gla (gamma-carboxyglutamic acid) domain and the EGF2 (second epidermal growth factor) domain of FIXa (Factor IXa) in the assembly of the FX-activating complex on activated platelets and phospholipid membranes, three recombinant FIXa chimeras were prepared with corresponding residues from the homologous coagulation protein, FVII: (i) Gly4-Gln11 (FIXa7Omegaloop), (ii) Cys88-Cys124 (FIXa7EGF2), and (iii) both Gly4-Gln11 and Cys88-Cys124 (FIXa7Omegaloop7EGF2). All three chimeras were similar to wild-type FIXa, as assessed by SDS/PAGE, active-site titration, content of Gla residues, activation rates by FXIa and rates of FXa generation in solution. Titrations of FX or FVIIIa on SFLLRN peptide-activated platelets and on phospholipid vesicles in the presence of FVIIIa revealed normal substrate and cofactor binding to all chimeras. In kinetic assays in the presence of phospholipid vesicles and FVIIIa, compared with wild-type FIXa K(d, app) approximately 4 nM, the FIX7Omegaloop chimera showed a 1.6-fold increase in K(d, app), the FIX7EGF2 chimera had a 7.4-fold increase in K(d, app), and the FIX7Omegaloop7EGF2 chimera showed a 21-fold increase in K(d, app). In kinetic assays and equilibrium platelet-binding assays with activated platelets and FVIIIa, compared with wild-type FIXa (V(max) approximately 5 nM min(-1); K(d, app) approximately 0.5 nM; B(max) approximately 550 sites/platelet; K(d) approximately 0.5 nM), the FIX7Omegaloop chimera displayed 2-fold decreases in V(max) and B(max) and 2-fold increases in K(d, app) and K(d). The FIX7EGF2 chimera displayed 2-fold decreases in V(max) and B(max) and 10-fold increases in K(d, app) and K(d). The FIX7Omegaloop7EGF2 chimera showed non-saturable curves and severely impaired rates of FXa generation, and non-saturable, non-specific, low-level binding to activated platelets. Thus both the Gla domain Omega-loop (Gly4-Gln11) and the EGF2 domain (Cys88-Cys124) are required to mediate the normal assembly of the FX-activating complex on activated platelets and on phospholipid membranes.
Isolation and identification of granule-associated proteins relevant for poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid) biosynthesis in<i>Chromatium vinosum</i>D (1992)

Poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) granules, which harbored only four major granule-associated proteins as revealed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were isolated from crude cellular extracts of Chromatium vinosum D by centrifugation in a linear sucrose gradient. N-Terminal amino acid sequence determination identified two proteins of Mr 41 000 and Mr 40 000 as the phaECv and phaCCv translational products, respectively, of C. vinosum D. In a previous study it was shown that both proteins are required for the expression opf poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid) synthase activity. The N-terminus of the third protein (Mr 17 000) exhibited no homology to other proteins. Lysozyme, which was during purification of the granules, exhibited a strong affinity to PHB granules and was identified as the fourth protein enriched with the granules.
Clinical experience with leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis. Leflunomide Investigators' Group. (1998)

Leflunomide is a novel isoxazol drug with disease modifying properties for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several Phase II trials have been completed and 3 large Phase III trials are nearing completion. A multicenter Phase II randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, 24 week study of 402 patients with active RA revealed that leflunomide 25 mg once daily was significantly (p < 0.05) superior to placebo in all primary and secondary outcome measures; leflunomide 10 mg daily was also statistically superior to placebo for all outcome measures except tender joint count and score. Significantly (p < 0.05) more patients responded to leflunomide 10 and 25 mg than to placebo. Leflunomide appears to be well tolerated in patients treated for up to 18 months. Gastrointestinal events, weight loss, rash/allergic reactions, and reversible alopecia were the most frequently reported drug related adverse events. Patients treated with leflunomide were not more susceptible to infections than those given placebo. Based upon the results of a population based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model, leflunomide 20 mg was selected as optimal dose for the Phase III studies; these are 6 to 12 month multicenter, randomized, double blind, controlled trials that include as active comparators methotrexate and sulfasalazine. Once-daily administration of leflunomide is effective in patients with active RA.
Specifically deuteriated intermediates for the synthesis of liquid crystals and liquid-crystalline polymers (1989)

Abstract The recent developments in solid state N.M.R. techniques have rendered deuterium a most attractive nucleus for use in the study of liquid crystals and other ordered systems. Its application often requires that the deuterium be positioned at specific sites in the molecule. Here, the preparation of such specifically labelled compounds for use in liquid crystal research is discussed. It is shown that many deuteriated liquid crystals can be prepared from a limited set of labelled intermediates. Strategies for the labelling of such intermediates in both aromatic and aliphatic sites based on experience gained in the author's laboratory during the last years are discussed. In the experimental section more than fifty procedures for obtaining specifically deuteriated intermediates and mesogens are described in detail.
The Fax Modem Sourcebook (1995)

From the Publisher:
The odds are that if you are one of the growing number of people using programmable faxes you will at least be thinking about some of the customization and adaptation features that are not possible with old plug-in-and-go fax technology. And you may find that a lot of the difficulties you have experienced are down to a pure lack of hard facts about standards and compatibilities. As well as being the only single source reference for international standards as they affect fax communications, the book contains: details of the command sets for programming the most common types of fax modem (EIA Classes 1, 2 and 2.0); an account of the TIFF specification for storing fax images; an introduction to basic fax information for communications engineers; and a fax TOOLKIT (included on disk) complete with C source code, which supports all the major fax modems and functions required for successful faxing. Wherever possible, the author provides practical programming advice and also helpful hints on how to interpret and implement the standard recommendations. This is as comprehensive a resource as you will need or find.
Immune response after exposure to varicella zoster virus: characterization of virus-specific antibodies and their corresponding antigens (1981)

Fourteen varicella zoster virus antigens were identified that induce antibodies during primary and recurrent infections. These antigens, which included the major nucleocapsid polypeptide (molecular weight, 155,000) and three glycoproteins (molecular weights, 130,000, 88,000, and 60,000, respectively) plus a number of minor antigens, were identified in radioimmunoprecipitation assays, using [35S]methionine-labeled extracts of cells infected with varicella zoster virus and sera from patients with primary and recurrent viral infections. No significant and reproducible differences were observed between early convalescent sera from cases with natural chicken pox and sera from cases with zoster in their ability react with viral antigens. Sera that were taken many years after episodes of chicken pox still retained their ability to react with the major viral antigens.
Organic Fluorine Compounds for Working Fluid (1983)

Organic fluorine comounds are widely used for working fluid in industry. Applications and practical examples are described in regard of trichlorofluoromethane (F-11), 1, 2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (F-114), 1, 1, 2 -trichlorotrifluoroethane (F-113), 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethanol (CF3CH2OH), bromotrifluoromethane (CF3Br), trifluoromethane (F-23) and dichlorodifluoromethane (F-12).
Eliza meets the wizard-of-oz (2010)

What authoring possibilities arise by blending machine and human control of live embodied character experiences? This paper explores two different "behind-the-scenes" roles for human operators during a three-month gallery installation of an embodied character experience. In the Transcription role, human operators type players' spoken utterances; then, algorithms interpret the player's intention, choose from pre-authored dialogue based on local and global narrative contexts, and procedurally animate two embodied characters. In the Discourse role, human operators select from semantic categories to interpret player intention; algorithms use this "discourse act" to automate character dialogue and animation. We compare these two methods of blending control using game logs and interviews, and document how the amateur operators initially resisted having to learn the Discourse version, but eventually preferred having the authorial control it afforded. This paper also outlines a design space for blending machine and human control in live character experiences.
Pharmacodynamic Correlates of Linezolid Activity and Toxicity in Murine Models of Tuberculosis (2020)

Although T>MIC was the most consistent correlate of efficacy, AUC/MIC was equally predictive when bacterial multiplication was constrained by host immunity or pretomanid. In effective combination regimens, administering the same total LZD dose less frequently may be equally effective and cause less Cmin-dependent toxicity.
A likelihood-based method of identifying contaminated lots of blood product (1999)

We have presented a method to estimate the risk of infection at each exposure time from multiple exposure data. The method can also be used to estimate transmission rates and the risk associated with different sources of infection in a range of infectious disease applications.
ABHD17 proteins are novel protein depalmitoylases that regulate N-Ras palmitate turnover and subcellular localization (2015)

Dynamic changes in protein S-palmitoylation are critical for regulating protein localization and signaling. Only two enzymes - the acyl-protein thioesterases APT1 and APT2 - are known to catalyze palmitate removal from cytosolic cysteine residues. It is unclear if these enzymes act constitutively on all palmitoylated proteins, or if additional depalmitoylases exist. Using a dual pulse-chase strategy comparing palmitate and protein half-lives, we found knockdown or inhibition of APT1 and APT2 blocked depalmitoylation of Huntingtin, but did not affect palmitate turnover on postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) or N-Ras. We used activity profiling to identify novel serine hydrolase targets of the APT1/2 inhibitor Palmostatin B, and discovered that a family of uncharacterized ABHD17 proteins can accelerate palmitate turnover on PSD95 and N-Ras. ABHD17 catalytic activity is required for N-Ras depalmitoylation and re-localization to internal cellular membranes. Our findings indicate that the family of depalmitoylation enzymes may be substantially broader than previously believed.
Electrical and structural properties of ZnO synthesized via infiltration of lithographically defined polymer templates (2015)

We investigate the electrical and structural properties of infiltration-synthesized ZnO. In-plane ZnO nanowire arrays with prescribed positional registrations are generated by infiltrating diethlyzinc and water vapor into lithographically defined SU-8 polymer templates and removing organic matrix by oxygen plasma ashing. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that homogeneously amorphous as-infiltrated polymer templates transform into highly nanocrystalline ZnO upon removal of organic matrix. Field-effect transistor device measurements show that the synthesized ZnO after thermal annealing displays a typical n-type behavior, ∼1019 cm−3 carrier density, and ∼0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 electron mobility, reflecting highly nanocrystalline internal structure. The results demonstrate the potential application of infiltration synthesis in fabricating metal oxide electronic devices.