gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High 5.2 peak-to-valley current ratio in Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diodes grown by chemical vapor deposition (2012)

Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diodes were fabricated using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on 200-mm diameter p-doped silicon wafers. The resonant interband tunnel diode structure consists of a p+-i-n+ diode that incorporates vapor phase doped δ-doping to enhance quantum mechanical tunneling probability. The tunneling barrier thickness is varied from 2 nm to 8 nm, and a record peak-to-valley current ratio of 5.2 for a CVD process is reported for a 6 nm barrier thickness with a room temperature peak tunneling current of 20 A/cm2. The current density increases exponentially with spacer thickness reduction with a maximum value of 280 A/cm2 for a 2 nm barrier.
De novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of Sf21 cells using illumina paired end sequencing (2015)

Spodoptera is an important polyphagous agricultural insect pest in the tropical world. The genomic details are limited to understand the pest biology at molecular level. In the present study, we sequenced and assembled the transcriptome from Sf21 cells into a non redundant set of 24,038 contigs of ~ 47.38 Mb in size. A total of 26,390 unigenes were identified from the assembled transcripts and their annotation revealed the prevalent protein domains in Sf21 cells. The present study would provide a resource for gene discovery and development of functional molecular markers to understand the biology of S. frugiperda.
Temporal superresolution based on a localization microscopy algorithm (2017)

We investigate the resolution limits of time lenses based on a four-wave mixing process and present a superresolution technique in the time domain based on a localization microscopy algorithm. Our temporal superresolution technique retrieves features shorter by a factor of 2 than the resolution limit of the system. We present both measured and calculated results of the superresolution scheme and present calculated superresolution of input signals with higher complexity.
Combinatorial optimization of distributed queries (1995)

In relational distributed databases a query cost consists of a local cost and a transmission cost. Query optimization is a combinatorial optimization problem. As the query size grows, the optimization methods based on exhaustive search become too expensive. We propose the following strategy for solving large distributed query optimization problems in relational database systems: (1) represent each query-processing schedule by a labeled directed graph; (2) reduce the number of different schedules by pruning away invalid or high-cost solutions; and (3) find a suboptimal schedule by combinatorial optimization. We investigate several combinatorial optimization techniques: random search, single start, multistart, simulated annealing, and a combination of random search and local simulated annealing. The utility of combinatorial optimization is demonstrated in the problem of finding the (sub)optimal semijoin schedule that fully reduces all relations of a tree query. The combination of random search and local simulated annealing was superior to other tested methods.
Stalemate : United States immigration reform efforts 2005-2007 (2017)

The author discusses national immigration reform efforts in the United States from 2005 to 2007. The new laws proposed during these three years ranged from enforcement strategies, which focused on removals and deterrence, to comprehensive reform, which would provide a pathway to citizenship for many existing unauthorised (also known as illegal) immigrants. While the Republicans controlled both chambers of Congress in 2005 and 2006, the party was split between pro-migration business interests and more sceptical grassroots constituencies. After 2007, the Democrats had majorities in the House and Senate but encountered their own internal divisions and electoral concerns. In addition, procedural issues—particularly the need for a sixty-vote supermajority in the Senate—helped prevent a compromise from emerging. Immigration sceptics opposed legalisation, which they termed ‘amnesty’, while others criticised enforcement-only approaches as unworkable as well as problematic for the economy. While President Bush favored a comprehensive approach, the only legislation to ultimately pass was a 700-mile extension of the border wall between the U.S. and Mexico. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of a cDNA Encoding Salmon (<i>Onchorhynchus keta</i>) Liver Transglutaminase (1996)

We isolated cDNA clones encoding a transglutaminase (TGase: EC 2.3.2.13) from a salmon (Onchorhynchus keta) cDNA library prepared from the liver. In the cDNA sequence combined, an open reading frame coding for a protein of 680 aa was found. The deduced sequence showed a considerable similarity (62.4%) to that of red sea bream TGase. By comparison of sequence similarity to other TGases, the structure of salmon TGase was like tissue type TGases, rather than membrane-associated type or plasma type TGases. As a structural feature of salmon TGase, 3 aa residues were substituted in the 25 aa sequence around the active site Cys residue, which is conserved among several tissue type TGases. The critical residues thought to form the catalytic-center triad (Cys272, His331, and Asp301) were found in the highly conserved region, but the region surrounding Tyr511, which corresponds to the residue participates in hydrogen-bond interactions of active center domain, was less similar to other TGases, except for red sea bream TGase. These finding suggests that the overall structure of fish TGase resembles tissue-type TGases, but has some unique structure.
Saturation magnetization of ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic nanocrystals at room temperature (2007)

The size-dependent saturation magnetization Ms(D) of ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic nanocrystals at room temperature, without free parameters, has been predicted in terms of a size-dependent cohesive energy model, where D denotes the diameter of nanoparticles or the thickness of thin films. The given Ms(D) functions, which are also a function of interface conditions for substrate supported nanocrystals, drop as D decreases, which correspond to the available experimental and theoretical results for ferromagnetic Ni films, Fe, Co, Ni nanoparticles, and ferrimagnetic γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4, MnFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles.
‘Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis’, a multicellular, magnetotactic prokaryote from a hypersaline environment (2007)

Phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characterization were used to assign a multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote the name 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis'. 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' lives in a large hypersaline coastal lagoon from Brazil and has properties that are unique among prokaryotes. It consists of a compact assembly or aggregate of flagellated bacterial cells, highly organized in a sphere, that swim in either helical or straight trajectories. The life cycle of 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' is completely multicellular, in which one aggregate grows by enlarging the size of its cells and approximately doubling the volume of the whole organism. Cells then divide synchronously, maintaining the spherical arrangement; finally the cells separate into two identical aggregates. Phylogenetic 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' is related to the dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria within the Deltaproteobacteria and to other previously described, but not yet well characterized, multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes.
Purification and characterization of levanase from Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 19246 (1987)

The extracellular levanase of Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 19246 was purified about 3,701-fold in 11% yield from the bacterial culture supernatant by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by DE52 column chromatography, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, hydroxylapatite column chromatography, and Bio-Gel A 1.5m gel filtration. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 89,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was optimally reactive at pH 6.0 and at 45 degrees C. The activity was inhibited by MnCl2, BaCl2, FeCl3, ZnCl2, HgCl2, and EDTA at a final concentration of 1 mM. The inhibition by EDTA was recovered by adding CaCl2 or MgCl2. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzed levan, but not sucrose, raffinose, melezitose, inulin, and dextran. These results indicate that the purified enzyme is specific for fructan (i.e., levan), which mainly consists of beta-(2,6) linkages.
A smart antenna with pre- and post-FFT hybrid domain beamforming for broadband OFDM system (2006)

This paper proposes a smart antenna with pre-FFT beamforming based on eigenanalysis and post-FFT subcarrier diversity for broadband OFDM systems. This method can achieve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement due to two independent eigenbeams in the pre-FFT domain and maximum ratio combining in individual subcarriers in the post-FFT domain. Two pre-FFT eigenbeams focus on the efficient combining of desired signal energy as diversity branches while they achieve lower computational load compared with the optimum post-FFT diversity which consists of the same number of FFT circuits as antennas. Computer simulation results show the complexity is reduced by 50% while keeping the similar bit error rate (BER) performance to the optimum diversity in typical cases of multipath environments
A Randomized, Observer-Blind, Controlled Trial of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Yi-Gan San for Improvement of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms and Activities of Daily Living in Dementia Patients (2005)

Yi-Gan San improves BPSD and ADL. Follow-up studies using a double-blinded, placebo-controlled design are recommended.
Bounds on the performance of belief propagation decoding (2002)

We consider Gallager's (1963) soft-decoding (belief propagation) algorithm for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, when applied to an arbitrary binary-input symmetric-output channel. By considering the expected values of the messages, we derive both lower and upper bounds on the performance of the algorithm. We also derive various properties of the decoding algorithm, such as a certain robustness to the details of the channel noise. Our results apply both to regular and irregular LDPC codes.
Central Pulse Pressure and Atherosclerotic Alterations of Coronary Arteries (2006)

Central pulse pressure is more likely to reflect the haemodynamic conditions to which the heart and coronary arteries are subjected than is peripheral pulse. We reviewed the data currently available on the correlations between central pulse pressure and both the presence and extent of coronary artery disease, as well as clinical outcomes. Five clinical studies have reported an association between central pulse pressure and the presence of coronary artery disease documented by coronary angiography. Four studies, including three of the previous ones, also found a correlation between central pulse pressure and the extent of coronary artery disease. In one of these studies, however, the correlation was present only in men, whereas no link was found between pulse pressure and coronary artery disease in women. After coronary angioplasty, increased central pulse pressure has been found correlated with the occurrence of restenosis after balloon angioplasty, but not after stent implantation. Finally, the ASCOT-CAFE trial found a positive correlation between pulse pressure and the occurrence of cardiovascular events, confirming the prognostic significance of this parameter.
Catalytic Metathesis of Simple Secondary Amides (2006)

Trading places: The metathesis of secondary amides through a transacylation mechanism has been achieved by employing catalytic quantities of an organic imide and a Brønsted base (see scheme). Equilibrium-controlled exchange between various amide pairs is demonstrated for substrates bearing N-alkyl and N-aryl substituents. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z603588_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Regulated expression of a Drosophila melanogaster heat shock locus after stable integration in a Drosophila hydei cell line. (1985)

DNA-mediated cotransformation has been used to transfer a Drosophila melanogaster heat shock locus into cultured Drosophila hydei cells by use of the copia-based selectable vector pCV2gpt and of pMH10A, a cloned 87A7 heat shock locus encoding a mutant heat shock protein (hsp). Transformed lines contain between 50 and 200 copies of both plasmids, each separately organized as a head-to-tail concatemer which is stably maintained in the transformed lines. Exposure of the cotransformants to heat shock temperatures induces the regulated expression of the hsp RNA and the mutant hsp in all the lines analyzed.
Differentially Loaded Radiostereometric Analysis to Monitor Fracture Stiffness: A Feasibility Study (2009)

Inability to accurately and objectively assess the mechanical properties of healing fractures in vivo hampers clinical fracture management and research. We describe a method to monitor fracture stiffness during healing in a clinical research setting by detecting changes in fracture displacement using radiostereometric analysis and simultaneously measuring applied axial loads. A method was developed for load application, positioning of the patient, and radiographic setup to establish the technique of differentially loaded radiostereometric analysis (DLRSA). A DLRSA examination consists of radiostereometric analysis radiographs taken without load (preload), under different increments of load, and without load (postload). Six patients with distal femur fractures had DLRSA examinations at 6, 12, 18, and 26 weeks postoperatively. The DLRSA method was feasible in a clinical setting. The method provides objective and quantifiable data for internally fixed fractures and may be used in clinical research as a tool to monitor the in vivo stiffness of healing femoral fractures managed with nonrigid internal fixation.
Studies of the Serum Proteins. VII. Sucrose Gradient Electrophoresis (1966)

Studies of the Serum Proteins. VII. Sucrose Gradient Electrophoresis. Get access F.William Sunderman, JR, M.D., F.William Sunderman, JR, M.D. Pathology Department, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32603 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Marvin W. Johnson, M.D. Marvin W. Johnson, M.D. Pathology Department, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32603 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 45, Issue 4, 1 April 1966, Pages 381–397, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/45.4.381 Published: 01 April 1966 Article history Received: 18 September 1965 Published: 01 April 1966
Preparation of Pyrimidine-N-oxides by Condensation of Functionalized Enamides with Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride (2010)

β-Alkoxy-β-ketoenamides and hydroxylamine hydrochloride smoothly provide pyrimidine-N-oxides under very mild conditions. Alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl substituents are compatible with this new method. By treatment with acetic acid anhydride these pyrimidine-N-oxides undergo a rearrangement furnishing highly functionalized 6-acetoxymethyl-substituted pyrimidine derivatives in good yields. Our method, which is based on a three-component reaction of alkoxyallenes, nitriles, and carboxylic acids, therefore constitutes a highly flexible route to densely substituted pyrimidine derivatives.
High Quality 100 mm 4H-SiC Substrate (2015)

High-quality 100 mm 4H-SiC boules were grown using the physical vapor transport (PVT) method with optimized growth parameters. Micro-Raman spectroscopy measurement shows that the 4H-SiC polytype of the entire wafer is uniform. The micropipe density is measured to be less than 1cm -2 . The 1c threading screw dislocation (TSD) density can be suppressed to the magnitude of 10 2 cm -2 . After chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), it is found that the warp of the substrate is less than 10 μm, and the surface roughness (Ra) is as low as 0.063 nm.
Indistinguishable photon pair generation using two independent silicon wire waveguides (2011)

We performed a Hong–Ou–Mandel interference experiment with 1.5 μm band photon pairs generated through spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in two independent silicon wire waveguides (SWWs). To maintain the long-term stability of the coupling between the SWWs and optical fibers without a fiber alignment system, we employed fiber module SWWs installed in a rigid metallic case with fiber array interfaces. In addition, those signal photons that passed through a beam splitter (BS) were detected by high-speed single-photon detectors that used InGaAs avalanche photodiodes operated in a gated mode with a high gate frequency of 500 MHz. With these novel technologies, we successfully observed a quantum interference with a visibility of 73% without subtracting accidental coincidence counts in the fourfold coincidence measurement.
High speed adaptive auto reclosing of 765 kV transmission lines (2012)

This paper proposes a new adaptive auto reclosing scheme for extra high voltage transmission lines. The performance of an auto reclosing scheme depends not only on power system behavior and transmission lines characteristic but also secondary arc current. In this paper at first, an appropriate model of arc in extra high voltage transmission overhead line is investigated and after that, using symmetrical components a novel criterion based on apparent power is presented in order to detect the exact time of arc extinguishing. In fact this criterion has the ability to distinguish between transient faults and permanent faults by detecting the exact time of arc extinguishing. Also, a generalized scheme is presented in order to have high speed auto reclosing in 765 kV transmission lines. This method is very simple and only uses two filters, so it needs to low hardware requirements. Therefore, application of this method is highly recommended in extra high voltage transmission lines. The simulation studies of this paper are performed by PSCAD/EMTDC software and the results show satisfactory performance of the proposed method.
The synthesis, properties and uses of carbon materials with helical morphology (2011)

Carbon nanostructures have been widely studied due to their unique properties and potential use in various applications. Of interest has been the study of carbonaceous material with helical morphologies, due to their unique chemical, mechanical, electrical and field emission properties. As such it is envisaged that these materials could be excellent candidates for incorporation in numerous nanotechnology applications. However in order to achieve these aspirations, an understanding of the growth mechanisms and synthetic strategies is necessary. Herein we consider historical and current investigations as reported in the literature, and provide a comprehensive outline of growth mechanisms, synthetic strategies and applications related to helical carbon nanomaterials.
Practice guideline summary: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy incidence rates and risk factors (2017)

Level B: Clinicians caring for young children with epilepsy should inform parents/guardians that in 1 year, SUDEP typically affects 1 in 4,500 children; therefore, 4,499 of 4,500 children will not be affected. Clinicians should inform adult patients with epilepsy that SUDEP typically affects 1 in 1,000 adults with epilepsy per year; therefore, annually 999 of 1,000 adults will not be affected. For persons with epilepsy who continue to experience GTCS, clinicians should continue to actively manage epilepsy therapies to reduce seizures and SUDEP risk while incorporating patient preferences and weighing the risks and benefits of any new approach. Clinicians should inform persons with epilepsy that seizure freedom, particularly freedom from GTCS, is strongly associated with decreased SUDEP risk.
Disassembly modeling, planning and application: a review (2000)

Industrial recycling and remanufacturing is practice of growing importance due to the increasing environmental and economic pressures. It involves product disassembly to retrieve the desired parts and/or subassemblies by separating a product into its constituencies. The disassembly process modeling and planning is more challenging than assembly since its termination goal is not necessarily fixed depending on the system status. Moreover, it is uncontested that disassembly is charged with more uncertainty in system structures and component conditions than assembly. The paper reviews methods for modeling and process planning in disassembly. Its purpose is to survey the state-of-the-art of this emerging area to supply important information for future study.
Radar image overlay on an ECDIS system-an overview (2002)

An ECDIS system is a real-time integrated marine navigation system which combines the data from several information sources onto one display. The data includes an electronic navigational chart, positioning information and information from devices such as a depth sounder, gyrocompass, ARPA radar and radar. When a radar image is overlaid on top of the chart image, uncharted hazards such as other vessels are shown relative to the own ship position, on the same display as charted hazards such as shoals. This combination of information can be used by the mariner to choose the best course. By observing how closely the radar echo of a shoreline matches the chart, possible positioning system errors or chart errors are indicated. So radar data adds extra information to the system which can be used in several ways. This paper focuses on the radar image overlay in an ECDIS system. A description is given of how the analog radar data is ingested-which signals are used, how they are obtained, and how they are processed then digitized in order to make them available for software processing. The functions performed by the software in a digital signal processing module are outlined, including how data, which arrives as arrays of amplitude variation corresponding to changing scanner positions, are transformed to a two-dimensional "image". Methods used and possible future development regarding combining the radar data with the electronic chart display are described. Screen captures from systems on board vessels operating in the St. Lawrence seaway are presented and discussed to show what radar overlay adds to the ECDIS system in terms of the information it offers to the mariner.
Compact LCOS–SLM Based Polarization Pattern Beam Generator (2015)

In this paper, a compact optical system for generating arbitrary spatial light polarization patterns is demonstrated. The system uses a single high-resolution liquid crystal (LC) on silicon (LCOS) spatial light modulator. A specialized optical mount is designed and fabricated using a 3D printer, in order to build a compact dual optical architecture, where two different phase patterns are encoded on two adjacent halves of the LCOS screen, with a polarization transformation in between. The final polarization state is controlled via two rotations of the Poincaré sphere. In addition, a relative phase term is added, which is calculated based on spherical trigonometry on the Poincaré sphere. Experimental results are presented that show the effectiveness of the system to produce polarization patterns.