gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracting local don't cares for network optimization (2002)

An algorithm for computing local don't cares (in terms of immediate fanin variables) at each intermediate node of a Boolean network is presented. These don't cares can be directly used for the simplification of each node by a two-level minimizer. The simplification is relatively fast and the optimized circuits are 100% testable in most cases. The method is more powerful than previous ones developed for node simplification because it computes almost the full local don't care set at each node using image computation techniques. External don't cares are used effectively and there is no restriction on how these are represented because BDDs (binary decision diagrams) are used to translate them into local don't cares. This algorithm has been implemented in the sequential interactive logic synthesis system (SIS), and experimental results are presented that show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on benchmark circuits with and without external don't cares.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication modeling and reliability of novel architecture and novel materials based MOSFET devices (2006)

special thanks to Daniel Fine for his help with the e-beam lithography and the illuminating discussions on semiconductor devices.I would also like to acknowledge Se-Hoon Lee for joining me and helping me during the later part of this work.I am most thankful to the entire MER staff for their constant support and help.My special thanks go to Jeannie Toll
Combined Measurement of Serum Sialyl Lewis X with Serum CA15-3 in Breast Cancer Patients (2006)

These findings suggest that CSLEX may be more useful than CEA in combination with CA15-3 in monitoring breast cancer patients. The results of this study suggest that CSLEX may be more useful than CEA in combination with CA15-3 in monitoring breast cancer patients.
Conserved C-Terminal Domain of Spider Tubuliform Spidroin 1 Contributes to Extensibility in Synthetic Fibers (2011)

Spider silk is renowned for its extraordinary mechanical properties, having a balance of high tensile strength and extensibility. To date, the majority of studies have focused on the production of dragline silks from synthetic spider silk gene products. Here we report the first mechanical analysis of synthetic egg case silk fibers spun from the Latrodectus hesperus tubuliform silk proteins, TuSp1 and ECP-2. We provide evidence that recombinant ECP-2 proteins can be spun into fibers that display mechanical properties similar to other synthetic spider silks. We also demonstrate that silks spun from recombinant thioredoxin-TuSp1 fusion proteins that contain the conserved C-terminal domain exhibit increased extensibility and toughness when compared to the identical fibers spun from fusion proteins lacking the C-terminus. Mechanical analyses reveal that the properties of synthetic tubuliform silks can be modulated by altering the postspin draw ratios of the fibers. Fibers subject to increased draw ratios showed elevated tensile strength and decreased extensibility but maintained constant toughness. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction studies indicate that postdrawn fibers containing the C-terminal domain of TuSp1 have more amorphous content when compared to fibers lacking the C-terminus. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that recombinant tubuliform spidroins that contain the conserved C-terminal domain with embedded protein tags can be effectively spun into fibers, resulting in similar tensile strength but increased extensibility relative to nontagged recombinant dragline silk proteins spun from equivalently sized proteins.
Building an Enterprise Architecture for Public Administration: A High Level Data Model for Strategic Planning (2001)

This paper describes the construction of a generic data model for strategic planning in Public Administration (PA). This model is presented at two distinct levels corresponding to different levels of the Zachman framework. The data model developed covers one of the major generic processes which public administration agencies perform, that of strategy formulation. This model can be used to provide common definitions (vocabulary) in strategic planning and establish a conceptual framework that can be easily adapted for strategic planning to specific PA organizations. This work is part of an overall research effort, which involves building an enterprise architecture for Public Administration following an approach that populates the Zachman Framework for the overall domain of Public Administration. The models developed are generic (process, data, etc.) in order to possess the descriptive power, which allows them to be readily specialized for particular Public Administration agencies.
The varcese system, and satellite-ground control: Using auditory icons and sonification in a complex, supervisory control system (1994)

The basic auditory interface techniques of auditory icons, earcons, and sonification can deftly address the needs of most domains. However, there are domains that cannot be adequately addressed by any single one of these techniques. By combining the characteristics of these basic techniques, hybrid auditory interface techniques can be created to cover those domains that auditory icons, earcons, or sonification cannot. This chapter describes a methodology for creating hybrid auditory interface techniques. This methodology is demonstrated through the development of a sonscation-auditory icons hybrid for use in a complex supervisory control environment. The Varkse system, which incorporates the sonjfication-auditory icons hybrid technique, is then developed to aid monitoring, fault detection, and fault isolation in a satellite-ground control environment.
Factor VIII:c Concentrate Virus Inactivated: Progress in Purification by Using Classic Chromatographie Methods (1993)

This study was carried out with the aim of developing a production process for the manufacture of a highly purified factor VIII concentrate which is virus inactivated by pasteurization in liquid phase. Beside standard plasma protein separation techniques, the procedure uses a chromatographic step on anion exchanger, whose selectivity is increased by using high, but not destabilizing salt concentrations. The final product before stabilization has a specific activity higher than 300 IU/mg of protein, namely the highest specific activity reported for human factor VIII concentrates purified without the use of immunoabsorbents.
Pedigree Reconstruction Using Identity by Descent (2011)

Can we find the family trees, or pedigrees, that relate the haplotypes of a group of individuals? Collecting the genealogical information for how individuals are related is a very time-consuming and expensive process. Methods for automating the construction of pedigrees could stream-line this process. While constructing single-generation families is relatively easy given whole genome data, reconstructing multi-generational, possibly inbred, pedigrees is much more challenging. This article addresses the important question of reconstructing monogamous, regular pedigrees, where pedigrees are regular when individuals mate only with other individuals at the same generation. This article introduces two multi-generational pedigree reconstruction methods: one for inbreeding relationships and one for outbreeding relationships. In contrast to previous methods that focused on the independent estimation of relationship distances between every pair of typed individuals, here we present methods that aim at the reconstruction of the entire pedigree. We show that both our methods out-perform the state-of-the-art and that the outbreeding method is capable of reconstructing pedigrees at least six generations back in time with high accuracy. The two programs are available at http://cop.icsi.berkeley.edu/cop/.
Crystal structure of human aquaporin 4 at 1.8 Å and its mechanism of conductance (2009)

Aquaporin (AQP) 4 is the predominant water channel in the mammalian brain, abundantly expressed in the blood-brain and brain-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces of glial cells. Its function in cerebral water balance has implications in neuropathological disorders, including brain edema, stroke, and head injuries. The 1.8-A crystal structure reveals the molecular basis for the water selectivity of the channel. Unlike the case in the structures of water-selective AQPs AqpZ and AQP1, the asparagines of the 2 Asn-Pro-Ala motifs do not hydrogen bond to the same water molecule; instead, they bond to 2 different water molecules in the center of the channel. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to ask how this observation bears on the proposed mechanisms for how AQPs remain totally insulating to any proton conductance while maintaining a single file of hydrogen bonded water molecules throughout the channel.
Microfabricated Biomaterials for Engineering 3D Tissues (2012)

Mimicking natural tissue structure is crucial for engineered tissues with intended applications ranging from regenerative medicine to biorobotics. Native tissues are highly organized at the microscale, thus making these natural characteristics an integral part of creating effective biomimetic tissue structures. There exists a growing appreciation that the incorporation of similar highly organized microscale structures in tissue engineering may yield a remedy for problems ranging from vascularization to cell function control/determination. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in the field of microscale tissue engineering and discuss the use of various biomaterials for generating engineered tissue structures with microscale features. In particular, we will discuss the use of microscale approaches to engineer the architecture of scaffolds, generate artificial vasculature, and control cellular orientation and differentiation. In addition, the emergence of microfabricated tissue units and the modular assembly to emulate hierarchical tissues will be discussed.
Mid-Infrared Diode Lasers Based on 3-4 Alloys for the Spectral Range 3-3.5 Micron Operating Near Room Temperature. (1995)

Abstract : This report results from a contract tasking Russian Academy of Sciences as follows: The contractor will investigate new physical approaches for designing middle infrared diode lasers operating near room temperature in the spectral range 3-3.5 microns. The contractor will employ two different approaches improved laser structures based on InAsSb/InAsSbP alloys and non-traditional tunnel laser structures. The contractor will compare the performance of the various types of the diode lasers developed in the US. The contractor will deliver one interim report and one final report. The contractor will also deliver at least one broad stripe laser demonstrating high power and at least one laser demonstrating high temperature (near room temperature) operation.
Face protection by fast selective encryption in a video (2006)

In this paper we propose an approach for monitoring human activities in an indoor environment using detected and tracked face and selective encryption. The objective is to encrypt partially the human face in a video sequence. This approach is based on ALS stream ciphering using VLC (variable length coding) of the Huffman's vector. The proposed scheme allows scalable decryption of a specific region of image and result in a significant reduction in encrypting and decrypting processing time. It also provides a constant bit rate and keep the JPEG and MPEG bitstream compliance.
A small-linewidth absolute optical frequency source (2012)

We describe a system that combines a cavity-stabilized laser, a hydrogen maser and a cesium fountain clock. It provides an optical reference frequency that over the course of half a day drifts with less than 100 μHz/s. Furthermore it allows for a convenient measurement of an absolute frequency in the optical domain.
Map torchlight (2009)

The advantages of paper-based maps have been utilized in the field of mobile Augmented Reality (AR) in the last few years. Traditional paper-based maps provide high-resolution, large-scale information with zero power consumption. There are numerous implementations of magic lens interfaces that combine high-resolution paper maps with dynamic handheld displays. From an HCI perspective, the main challenge of magic lens interfaces is that users have to switch their attention between the magic lens and the information in the background. In this paper, we attempt to overcome this problem by using a lightweight mobile camera projector unit to augment the paper map directly with additional information. The "Map Torchlight" is tracked over a paper map and can precisely highlight points of interest, streets, and areas to give directions or other guidance for interacting with the map.
Autooxidation and hydroxylation reactions of oxygenated cytochrome P-450cam. (1976)

Oxy-ferrous substrate-bound cytochrome P-450cam (mrsO2) autooxidizes in the absence of its specific effector protein, putidaredoxin, without hydroxylating the substrate, camphor. The autooxidation is first order with an activation energy of 17 kcal mol-1 at 25 degrees, pH 7.0. Substrate removal and low pH accelerate the reaction. The product, 5-exo-OH camphor, and a nonhydroxylated pseudosubstrate, norcamphor, stabilize the complex in a manner similar to camphor. Increased oxidation rate of mrsO2 and substrate hydroxylation are induced by putidaredoxin, rebredoxin, cytochrome b5, and the apoproteins of the latter two. Dihydrolipoic acid and other dithiols also replace putidaredoxin as effector molecules, but 1000-fold higher concentrations are required. Effector molecules do not increase the autooxidation rate of mrsO2 unless camphor, norcamphor, or another pseudosubstrate is present. Kinetic evidence is presented showing that an active complex between mrsO2 and effector is a required intermediate in mixed function oxidation.
An empirical study of decentralized ILP execution models (1998)

Recent fascination for dynamic scheduling as a means for exploiting instruction-level parallelism has introduced significant interest in the scalability aspects of dynamic scheduling hardware. In order to overcome the scalability problems of centralized hardware schedulers, many decentralized execution models are being proposed and investigated recently. The crux of all these models is to split the instruction window across multiple processing elements (PEs) that do independent, scheduling of instructions. The decentralized execution models proposed so far can be grouped under 3 categories, based on the criterion used for assigning an instruction to a particular PE. They are: (i) execution unit dependence based decentralization (EDD), (ii) control dependence based decentralization (CDD), and (iii) data dependence based decentralization (DDD). This paper investigates the performance aspects of these three decentralization approaches. Using a suite of important benchmarks and realistic system parameters, we examine performance differences resulting from the type of partitioning as well as from specific implementation issues such as the type of PE interconnect.We found that with a ring-type PE interconnect, the DDD approach performs the best when the number of PEs is moderate, and that the CDD approach performs best when the number of PEs is large. The currently used approach---EDD---does not perform well for any configuration. With a realistic crossbar, performance does not increase with the number of PEs for any of the partitioning approaches. The results give insight into the best way to use the transistor budget available for implementing the instruction window.
Performance limits of MEMS switches for power electronics (2012)

Advances in semiconductor technology have brought the performance of power transistors near the physical limit. Substantial performance enhancement of power switches will therefore require either new materials, or new devices that obey fundamentally different limits. One of the new power devices that might offer an alternative to the transistor is the microelectromechanical (MEMS) switch. Here we analyze the potential of metal-contact MEMS switches for power electronics by exploring their physical performance limits and by benchmarking them against transistors. Based on a semi-empirical model we show that MEMS switches could outperform Si transistors for actuation voltages V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">act</sub> >;30 V and could even beat GaN for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">act</sub> >;1000 V. Therefore we conclude that MEMS switch technology potentially offers an interesting alternative route towards high performance power devices, although switching time and safe operating area remain points of concern.
Underground Corrosion and Electrical Grounding (1967)

Underground corrosion associated with electrical grounding has caused numerous problems in operating electric systems. Much of the difficulty is due to dissimilar metal effects between buried copper and steel connected together via the grounding network. Unfortunately, these effects are widely ignored in electrical design and the requirements of electrical protection and corrosion mitigation are often seen as opposing each other. Experience has shown that both sets of requirements can be met. On electric distribution lines, the most helpful measures against corrosion include the use of galvanized steel rather than copper for grounding electrodes. Sacrificial anodes are helpful for adding additional corrosion protection where needed. Underground copper wire should be tinned or otherwise coated to avoid or minimize dissimilar metal effects. Research is in progress for determining what coatings would be best for this purpose.
414. Liquid-phase reactions at high pressures. Part VII. The polymerisation of 1 : 2-dichloroethylene (1952)

K. E. Weale, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 2223 DOI: 10.1039/JR9520002223
Nanopattern multi-well avalanche selenium detector with picosecond time resolution (2014)

For the first time, we propose using amorphous selenium (a-Se) as the photoconductive material for time-of-flight (TOF) detectors. The major drawback of a-Se is its poor time-resolution and low mobility due to shallow-traps, problems that must be circumvented for TOF applications. Thus, we propose a nanopattern multi-well a-Se detector to enable the utilization of both avalanche multiplication gain and unipolar time-differential (UTD) charge sensing in one device. Advantages of avalanche-mode a-Se are having photoconductive gain and band transport in extended states with the highest possible mobility and negligible trapping. Most importantly, UTD charge sensing enables operating the detector at its theoretical limit of charge diffusion. Our simulation results show that UTD charge sensing in avalanche-mode a-Se improves time-resolution by more than 3 orders-of-magnitude and proves very promising to achieve for the first time the ultimate goal of 10 ps time-resolution with a material that is low-cost and uniformly scalable to large-area.
Mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic applications in pulmonary medicine (2015)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of different biological sources are in Phase 1 clinical trials and are being considered for Phase 2 therapy of lung disorders, and lung (progenitor) cells derived from pluripotent stem cells (SCs) are under development in preclinical animal models. PubMed.gov and ClinicalTrials.gov. There is consensus about the therapeutic potential of transplanted SCs, mainly MSCs, primarily involves paracrine 'bystander' effects that confer protection of the epithelial and endothelial linings of the lung caused by inflammation and/or fibrosis and lead to increased survival in animal models. Clinical trials of Phase 1 indicate safety and suggest that the efficacy of SC therapy in patients with various lung diseases will require a higher dosage than previously evaluated. A growing interest in the re-epithelialization and re-endothelialization of damaged lung tissue involves the putative pulmonary differentiation of exogenous MSCs. Currently, it is not clear whether or not the observed regeneration of distal airways/vasculature is derived from lung-resident and/or transplanted SCs. Important topics under investigation include optimization of the cell source with a decrease in cell population heterogeneity characterized by defined markers, route of delivery for effective treatment, potential dose and therapeutic protocol of SC application, development of quantitative assays and biomarkers of lung disease and repair, and the potential use of tissue engineered lung. Ability of MSCs to differentiate into epithelial cells of the lung, use of autologous induced pluripotent SCs (iPSCs) derived from the patients, complete biochemical characterization of the secretome of SCs used for therapy, and the incorporation of simultaneous and/or subsequent treatment with drugs which also aid in lung repair and regeneration. Although safety of MSC-based cell therapy was proved in Phase 1, efficacy, long-term survival and preservation of lung respiratory function need to be further evaluated, cautioning against hastily translating SCs therapy from animal models of lung injury to clinical trials of patients with lung disorders.
Expression of AMPA Receptor Subunits at Synapses in Laminae I–III of the Rodent Spinal Dorsal Horn (2008)

Our results suggest that virtually all glutamatergic synapses in laminae I-III of adult rat spinal cord contain AMPArs. They show that synapses in laminae I-II contain GluR2 together with GluR1 and/or GluR3, while the long form of GluR4 is restricted to specific neuronal populations, which may include some lamina I projection cells. They also provide further evidence that immunostaining for AMPAr subunits following antigen retrieval is a reliable method for detecting these receptors at glutamatergic synapses.
Lower Extremity Cutaneous Lesions as the Initial Presentation of Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Colon (2012)

Cutaneous metastases from colorectal cancers are rare and are usually present on the abdominal wall or previous surgical incision sites. Remote cutaneous lesions have been reported, however, often occur in the setting of widespread metastatic disease including other visceral secondaries. We present a case of lower extremity cutaneous metastases as the first sign of metastatic disease in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the colon. This case illustrates that new skin lesions may be the initial presentation of metastatic disease in a patient with a history of cancer.