gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Chemotherapeutics for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. XXIII. : Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity on Mycobacterium tuberculosis of 3-Methoxy-4-phenoxybenzaldehyde and 3-Hydroxy-4-phenoxybenzaldehyde Derivatives (1969)

Forty-two kinds of compounds mainly related to 3-methoxy-4-phenoxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone and 22 kinds of compounds similar to its demethylated compound, 3-hydroxy-4-phenoxybenzaldehyde, were synthesized and their antibacterial action against human tubercle bacilli, H37Rv sensitive strain, was tested, using a Tween-albumin medium. Against the control growth-inhibitory values of 0.0313 μg/ml for isonicotinoyl hydrazide (INH) and 0.625 μg/ml for tibione (TBI), 3-methoxy-4-phenoxybenzaldehyde (p-tolyl) thiosemicarbazone and 4-(o-methoxyphenyl) thiosemicarbazone showed the value of 3.13 μg/ml, and 4-allyl-, 4-propyl-, 4-butyl-, 4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-, 4-(o-ethoxyphenyl)-, and 4-(p-iso-butoxyphenyl)-thiosemicarbazones and amidinohydrazone hydrochloride all showed growth inhibition in a concentration of 6.25 μg/ml. 3-Hydroxy-4-phenoxybenzaldehyde derivatives all failed to show any antibacterial activity and this fact indicated that the presence of a methoxyl group was significant in the appearance of antibacterial activity against this strain of tubercle bacilli. 3-Methoxy-4-phenoxybenzaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone inhibited the growth of tubercle bacilli at a concentration of 0.078 μg/ml, but it was found to have cross-resistance with INH.
Isolation of a Sperm Membrane Sialoglycoprotein Autoantigen from Rabbit Testes (1979)

A single rabbit sperm membrane autoantigen has been isolated from rabbit testes by immunoadsorbent chromatography, agarose chromatography, and electrophoresis. This rabbit sperm autoantigen (RSA-1) is located in the sperm plasma membrane and blocks the sperm cytotoxic (immobilizing) activity of autoantisera. RSA-1 is a sialoglycoprotein, approximately 40% carbohydrate and containing 0.2 micrograms sialic acid/microgram protein. Its m.w. is estimated at 13,000 +/- 1200 by SDA-PAGE. RSA-1 can self-aggregate into higher m.w. forms. Approximately 0.6 mg of RSA-1 can be isolated from 100 rabbits testes. The isolated RSA-1 shows a 300-fold increase in specific cytotoxic (immobilizing) inhibitory activity over the starting testis pellet material.
Abstract IA04: T cell recognition and tumor resistance in human cancer (2016)

Abstract The T cell-based immune system has evolved to recognize and destroy cells that differ from “self” on the basis of the antigens they express. Many human tumors contain large numbers of mutations, of which many hundreds can be present within expressed genes. As the resulting altered protein sequences are foreign to the immune system, immune recognition of such “neo-antigens” has been proposed as a major factor in the activity of clinically used immunotherapeutics such as anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1. In support of this hypothesis, using in-house developed technologies we have demonstrated that both CD4 and CD8 T cell recognition of the consequences of DNA damage is a common feature in human melanoma and can be boosted by T cell checkpoint blockade. Furthermore, to extend these data to other tumor types, we have benchmarked the foreign antigenic space in a variety of human cancers against a series of human pathogens. Collectively, these data, and data from other groups, establish “tumor foreignness” as one of the critical determinants in effective cancer immunotherapy. Clearly, the sensitivity of tumor cells to the tumor-specific T cell pool that can be present in intrinsically foreign tumors forms an additional requirement for tumor control. To address factors that control such sensitivity, we a currently determining mechanisms of immune escape upon T cell targeting of human tumors. Results from this analysis are expected to contribute to the further definition of biomarkers that predict the outcome of the interaction between human tumors and the T cell-based immune system. Citation Format: Ton Schumacher. T cell recognition and tumor resistance in human cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr IA04.
FPGA implementation of a large-number multiplier for fully homomorphic encryption (2013)

The first plausible scheme of fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), introduced by Gentry in 2009, was considered a major breakthrough in the field of information security. FHE allows the evaluation of arbitrary functions directly on encrypted data on untrusted servers. However, previous implementations of FHE on general-purpose processors had very long latency, which makes it impractical for cloud computing. The most computationally intensive components in the Gentry-Halevi FHE primitives are the large-number modular multiplications and additions. In this paper, we attempt to use customized circuits to speedup the large number multiplication. Strassen's algorithm is employed in the design of an efficient, high-speed large-number multiplier. In particular, we propose an architecture design of an 768K-bit multiplier. As a key compoment, an 64K-point finite-field fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor is designed and prototyped on the Stratix-V FPGA. At 100 MHz, the FPGA implementation is about twice as fast as the same FFT algorithm executed on the NVIDA C2050 GPU which has 448 cores running at 1.15 GHz but at much lower power consumption.
Treatment of Contaminated Soils and Groundwater Using ISCO (2005)

In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is a rapidly growing field for the remediation of contaminated soils and groundwater. This paper provides an overview of the four oxidation systems that are in common use for ISCO: Catalyzed H2O2 propagations (CHP) (i.e., modified Fenton’s reagent), permanganate, ozone, and persulfate. Each of the oxidants has different characteristics; for example, CHP is a nonselective oxidizing and reducing system that is capable of degrading almost all organic contaminants and destroying dense nonaqueous phase liquids and sorbed contaminants, but it is unstable in the subsurface. In contrast, permanganate is a selective oxidant that reacts primarily with alkenes and is highly stable in groundwater. Ozone exhibits wide reactivity but is limited by mass transfer limitations and stability. Persulfate is the newest oxidant being used for ISCO; it is moderately stable in the subsurface, and appears to have widespread reactivity, but more research is needed on its chemistry in soils and groundwater. Although none of the ISCO reagents is ideal, these technologies have the potential to treat source zones more rapidly than other remediation processes.
Calculation of HyHel10-lysozyme binding free energy changes: Effect of ten point mutations (1998)

The change in free energy of binding of hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) to the antibody HyHel-10 arising from ten point mutations in HEL (D101K, D101G, K96M, K97D, K97G, K97G, R21E, R21K, W62Y, and W63Y) was calculated using a combination of the finite difference Poisson-Boltzmann method for the electrostatic contribution, a solvent accessible surface area term for the non-polar contribution, and rotamer counting for the sidechain entropy contribution. Comparison of experimental and calculated results indicate that because of pKa shifts in some of the mutated residues, primarily those involving Aspartate or Glutamate, proton uptake or release occurs in binding. When this effect was incorporated into the binding free energy calculations, the agreement with experiment improved significantly, and resulted in a mean error of about 1.9 kcal/mole. Thus these calculations predict that there should be a significant pH dependence to the change in binding caused by these mutations. The other major contributions to binding energy changes comes from solvation and charge charge interactions, which tend to oppose each other. Smaller contributions come from nonpolar interactions and sidechain entropy changes. The structures of the HyHel-10-HEL complexes with mutant HEL were obtained by modeling, and the effect of the modeled structure on the calculations was also examined. "Knowledge based" modeling and automatic generation of models using molecular mechanics produced comparable results.
Make it stand (2013)

Imbalance suggests a feeling of dynamism and movement in static objects. It is therefore not surprising that many 3D models stand in impossibly balanced configurations. As long as the models remain in a computer this is of no consequence: the laws of physics do not apply. However, fabrication through 3D printing breaks the illusion: printed models topple instead of standing as initially intended. We propose to assist users in producing novel, properly balanced designs by interactively deforming an existing model. We formulate balance optimization as an energy minimization, improving stability by modifying the volume of the object, while preserving its surface details. This takes place during interactive editing: the user cooperates with our optimizer towards the end result. We demonstrate our method on a variety of models. With our technique, users can produce fabricated objects that stand in one or more surprising poses without requiring glue or heavy pedestals.
Corticosteroid Immunosuppression and Monoclonal Antibody-mediated CD5+ T Lymphocyte Depletion in Normal and Equine Infectious Anaemia Virus-carrier Horses (1994)

The immune control of chronic equine infectious anaemia (EIA) lentiviral infection was investigated by specifically depleting CD5+ T lymphocytes in vivo with monoclonal antibody (MAb) or by immunosuppression with corticosteroids. MAb was given at 25 to 50 mg/day intravenously for 11 days. Murine IgG1 anti-equine CD2 MAb (n = 2 horses) or IgG1 (n = 2) and IgG2a control MAb (n = 2 normal; 2 EIA-infected) did not deplete CD2+ T lymphocytes in horses. Horses given murine IgG2a anti-CD5 MAb HB19A (n = 4 normal; 5 EIA-infected) had depletion of peripheral blood CD5+ T lymphocytes during treatment. These horses, however, maintained a residual population of CD2+ T lymphocytes [15 (+/- 3)% of pretreatment numbers] that did not express CD5 but expressed either CD4 or CD8. These antigenically modulated CD5- T lymphocytes responded normally in vivo to intradermal inoculation with phytohaemagglutinin and in vitro to allogeneic leukocyte stimulation in one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions. EIA virus-infected horses (n = 5) did not develop recrudescent viraemia or disease following in vivo CD5+ T lymphocyte depletion. Immunosuppression of EIA virus-infected horses with corticosteroids (1 mg/kg body weight/day, intravenously for 9 days) resulted in detectable recrudescent EIA viraemia in 6/11 horses (55%) and recrudescent disease in 9/11 horses (82%). Normal horses (n = 3) treated with corticosteroids developed no clinical disease. These results demonstrate that the use of murine IgG2a MAbs to appropriate equine lymphocyte antigens will facilitate in vivo investigation of the role of T lymphocyte subpopulations in the control of EIA or other important equine diseases.
The research progress of human genetic diversity in China (2012)

Human genetic diversity refers to genomic variation among races, ethnic groups, isolated populations and individuals worldwide, and is one major resource and tool on discovering human evolution and migration, interaction between genetic background and environment, and factors associated with human diseases and health. China has abundant and valuable resource of human genetic diversity due to 56 ethnic groups and a large population accounting for one fifth of the total population in the world. After decades of efforts, a large number of research data on human genetic diversity have been accumulated in China, and some of outcomes reach advanced international level. This review mainly focuses on the recent progress and outcomes achieved in applying genetic markers including morphological markers, biochemical and immunological markers and DNA markers in research of genetic diversity, and the application of mitochondrial DNA, Y chromosomal DNA, HLA and others in research of the origin and relationship of Chinese ethic groups, and the origin and mi-of modern East Asian populations. This review also summarizes the advances in the research fields of preservation and utilization of Chinese genetic resource, identification of genes associated with disease selective and adaptive for natural pressure, application of whole genome association study and next generation sequencing, and Chinese human genome as well.
Electrostatic bottle for long-time storage of fast ion beams (1997)

A technique for storage of fast-ion beams (keV) using only electrostatic fields is presented. The fast-ion trap is designed like an optical resonator, whose electrode configuration allows for a very large field-free region, easy access into the trap by various probes, a simple ion loading technique, and a broad acceptance range for the initial kinetic energies of the ions. Such a fast-ion storage device opens up many experimental possibilities, a few of which are presented.
A technique for measuring the sound velocity difference in two liquids (1980)

A new technique for measuring the sound velocity difference in two liquids is presented by using interdigital transducers in contact with the liquids. The phase difference between two delayed signals obtained at the output transducers, corresponding to the sound velocity difference, is converted to a dc voltage via a circuit with a function of phase comparation. As an example, the difference between the sound velocity in solutions of NaCl and that in water is given as a function of concentration. Basic design considerations for the device and experimental performance are given.
The origin of the bifunctional dihydrofolate reductasethymidylate synthase isogenes of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (1993)

Summary In most prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are encoded by independent genes. Evidence is presented here that the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana has two bifunctional DHFR‐TS genes. The structure of the genes, DHFR at the amino terminus and TS at the carboxy terminus, is identical to their organization in protozoa, the only other known organisms with bifunctional genes. Sequence alignments suggest that the bifunctional genes from protozoa and higher plants may have different evolutionary origins. The positions of the introns support the complementary hypothesis that the DHFR domain of the bifunctional plant genes and the monofunctional DHFR gene of vertebrates derive from a common, intron‐containing progenitor, although the structure (bifunctional or monofunctional) of the ancestral gene remains indeterminate. Comparison of the two bifunctional genes of Arabidopsis indicates that the DHFR and TS domains evolved at different rates; each following the evolutionary history of their monofunctional counterparts. In contrast to the DHFR domain, the evolution of the TS domain shows a higher level of nucleotide and amino acid sequence conservation, but a remarkable variability in the intron positions.
Role of monocytes in the expansion of human activated natural killer cells (1992)

We have studied the mechanisms underlying expansion of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2)-stimulated natural killer (NK) cells in vitro. A population of NK cells expressing the CD56+/CD3-phenotype (98.9% +/- 0.42%) was obtained from normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Culture of NK cells in media containing rIL-2 (1,000 U/mL) for 18 days resulted in a population of activated NK cells (ANK) with significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, but only 2.6 +/- 0.56-fold expansion of cell number compared with the starting NK population. Culture of starting NK populations and autologous PBMNC in a Transwell system (Costar, Cambridge, MA), providing separation of the two cell populations by a 0.4-microns pore membrane, resulted in a dose-dependent increase in fold expansion of ANK (expansion = 19.9 +/- 4.0-fold; P < .001; n = 22) significantly greater than that observed when NK were cultured alone. Further experiments using the Transwell system showed that the stimulatory effect of autologous PBMNC on ANK progenitor proliferation resides in the CD14+ monocyte fraction (maximal expansion = 14.5 +/- 1.5-fold; n = 17) and not in the CD5+ T-lymphocyte or CD19+ B-lymphocyte fractions. Direct coculture of purified NK and autologous monocytes in the same compartment, thus permitting cell-cell contact, resulted in significantly greater expansion of the ANK population (30.6 +/- 4.7-fold expansion, P < .001; n = 10) than that observed when NK and monocytes were separated by the Transwell membrane. Finally, depletion of PBMNC of cells bearing CD5 and CD8 by panning on antibody-coated plastic flasks resulted in a starting cell population enriched for NK progenitors and for monocytes. Cultures of this resultant population for 18 days in the presence of rIL-2 yielded an ANK population similar to that obtained when CD56+/CD3- cells obtained by FACS were cocultured with autologous monocytes. These results suggest that proliferation of ANK requires autologous monocytes and is in part mediated by humoral factors, but is enhanced when NK and monocytes are in direct cell-cell contact. Depletion of cells bearing CD5 and CD8 from PBMNC is a single efficient method for obtaining a starting population capable of producing large numbers of ANK in culture that may lead to new therapeutic uses for the ANK population.
Position-Based Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks (2002)

In ad hoc networks, autonomous nodes collaborate to route information through the network. Commonly, nodes are end-systems and routers at the same time. In cases in which nodes have a notion of their geographic position, position-based routing protocols can be used; these protocols' properties of statelessness and fast adaptability to changes in the topology match very well with the characteristics of ad hoc networks.Position-based routing does not require the maintenance of routes; instead, forwarding decisions are made locally, based only on the node's own position, the positions of its neighbors, and the position of the destination. The routing algorithms are complemented by location services through which a node can obtain the position of a packet's destination.We will introduce the main components of position-based routing, discuss position-based routing algorithms as well as location services, and present an application scenario where position-based routing can be used for intervehicle communication.
Bovine Fatty Liver Syndrome (1984)

Bovine fatty liver syndrome is a metabolic disease of heavily lactating dairy cows. The ailment is sometimes called "fat cow syndrome", however, a cow need not be visibly overweight at calving time to be affected by fatty liver. Cows with fatty liver syndrome are more likely to suffer from periparturient problems such as milk fever, ketosis, mastitis and metritis. They tend to respond poorly to therapy and they often relapse. Their milk production is often reduced, they may have reproductive disturbances, and they may die.
Transport and Retention of Nanoscale C<sub>60</sub>Aggregates in Water-Saturated Porous Media (2008)

Experimental and mathematical modeling studies were performed to investigate the transport and retention of nanoscale fullerene aggregates (nC60) in water-saturated porous media. Aqueous suspensions of nC60 aggregates (95 nm diameter, 1 to 3 mg/L) were introduced into columns packed with either glass beads or Ottawa sand at a Darcy velocity of 2.8 m/d. In the presence of 1.0 mM CaCl2, nC60 effluent breakthrough curves (BTCs) gradually increased to a maximum value and then declined sharply upon reintroduction of nC60-free solution. Retention of nC60 in glass bead columns ranged from 8 to 49% of the introduced mass, while up to 77% of the mass was retained in Ottawa sand columns. When nC60 suspensions were prepared in deionized water alone, effluent nC60 BTCs coincided with those of a nonreactive tracer (Br-), with minimal nC60 retention. Observed differences in nC60 transport and retention behavior in glass beads and Ottawa sand were consistent with independent batch retention data and theoretical calculations of electrostatic interactions between nC60 and the solid surfaces. Effluent concentration and retention profile data were accurately simulated using a numerical model that accounted for nC60 attachment kinetics and a limiting retention capacity.
Practicality Ascendant: The Origins and Establishment of Technical Education in Nova Scotia (1986)

I N APRIL 1907 THE NOVA SCOTIA GOVERNMENT passed a pioneering measure in history of technical schools in An Act Relating to Education established a broad programme of university-level engineering education and evening technical classes. It was an ambitious achievement, and first of its kind in When Nova Scotia College, founded by legislation, opened in Halifax in 1909, advanced instruction in engineering became available in full range of disciplines from civil to electrical engineering. Evening technical schools for workmen were instituted in four major centres and conducted courses in such subjects as Machine Design, Technical Chemical Analysis, Architectural Design and Estimating, and Dynamo Electric Machinery. Improved mining school classes held in colliery towns taught miners fundamentals of safe mining, and special courses instructed aspiring hoist and power plant operators in elementary stationary engineering. No other province had hitherto established a similar government-run programme of university and evening course technical schooling covering a wide range of disciplines. There was virtual unanimity in Nova Scotia House of Assembly in 1907 as to value of technical education. During debate on bill, one member after another rose from each side of House to praise technical schooling. One declared that there was no subject of greater importance today than technical education, another predicted that technical schools would help make Nova Scotia the workshop of Canada. Yet interest in technical education had roots deep in 19th century, when campaigns for various species of work-related practical education had begun winning support among Nova Scotians.
Elimination of platelets from mononuclear cell preparations using heat-killed yeast. (1979)

A new method for reducing platelet contamination in mononuclear cell preparations using heat killed yeast is presented. Yeast cells are added to the buffy coat of peripheral blood, incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 hour, layered over a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient, and centrifuged at 700 g for 30 minutes at room temperature. The cells at the interface are collected and evaluated for platelet count, lymphocyte surface markers, and mononuclear cell recovery. With increasing yeast concentration, the platelet count decreases to 93% over control values. No detectable lymphocyte subset is removed by this method. Cell recovery varies, but seems to decrease with the addition of higher concentrations of yeast cells. Normal plasma is required for the successful removal of platelets. Heat-inactivated plasma significantly reduces the efficiency of platelet removal.
Comparison of 2D and 3D bone marrow cell growth on alginate hydrogels (2004)

The effect of the various concentrations of MVG alginate hydrogels on the proliferation behavior of rat bone marrow cells (rBMC) was investigated. The rMBC were harvested from the femora of adult Wistar rat and 4 × 14 4 cells were seeded into the different concentration of alginate discs and tubes. The MTT assay was used to determine the cell number. It was observed that higher concentrations of the MVG disc decreased the proliferation rate. The rate of proliferation of rBMC on 3% MVG and modified 3% MVG (collagen I plus TCP) 2D discs were statistically greater than cultures on 8% MVG and modified 8% MVG (collagen I and TCP) discs. It was also found that growth rate of rBMC on 8% alginate tubes was higher than on 8% discs.