gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationships among Early European Maize Inbreds: II. Comparison of Pedigree and RFLP Data (1993)

Information on genetic relationships among genotypes is of great importance to breeders. In this study we analyzed 29 maize ( Zea mays L.) inbreds (18 flint and 11 dent lines) from the European germplasm by means of pedigree and RFLP analyses. Our main objective was to compare Malécot's coancestry ( f based on pedigree data with genetic similarity (GS) based on RFLP data of 188 clone‐enzyme combinations (CECs) for their ability to quantify the degree of relatedness among inbreds. Rank correlations between f and GS were highly significant ( P < 0.01) for 87 related ( f > 0) pairs of flint lines ( r s = 0. 71) an for 30 related pairs of dent lines ( r s = 0.86). One dent line was excluded because of likely errors in pedigree detected by RFLP data and confirmed by heterosis data. Based on linear regression of GS on f , coancestry explained 82 and 70% of the variation in GS for related pairs of flint and dent lines, respectively. Therefore, both the coancestry and marker approach are well‐suited to (i) measure the average level of relatedness and (ii) identify closely related lines. Observed deviations of GS from its regression on f for individual pairs of lines can be explained by (i) random genetic drift and selection causing unequal genomic contributions of the parents, (ii) random variation of GS estimates due to sampling of the genome by the CECs used, (iii) wide variation in the GS estimates of unrelated lines, and (iv) experimental errors. Provided the genome is sampled by an adequate number (> 100) of CECs, RFLP‐based GS estimates reflect more accurately the true genetic similarity of a given line pair than f .
Regional aerosol deposition in human upper airways. Final report (1997)

During the award period, a number of studies have been carried out related to the overall objective of the project which is to elucidate important factors which influence the upper airway deposition and dose of particles in the size range 0.5 nm - 10 {mu}m, such as particle size, breathing conditions, age, airway geometry, and mode of breathing. These studies are listed below. (1) A high voltage electrospray system was constructed to generate polydispersed 1-10 {mu}m diameter di-ethylhexyl sebacate aerosol for particle deposition studies in nasal casts and in human subjects. (2) The effect of nostril dimensions, nasal passage geometry, and nasal resistance on particle deposition efficiency in forty healthy, nonsmoking adults at a constant flowrate were studied. (3) The effect of nostril dimensions, nasal passage dimensions and nasal resistance on the percentage of particle deposition in the anterior 3 cm of the nasal passage of spontaneously breathing humans were studied. (4) The region of deposition of monodispersed aerosols were studied using replicate casts. (5) Ultrafine aerosol deposition using simulated breath holding path and natural path was compared. (6) An experimental technique was proposed and tested to measure the oral deposition of inhaled ultrafine particles. (7) We have calculated the total deposition fraction of ultrafine aerosols from 5 to 200 n in the extrathoracic airways and in the lung. (8) The deposition fraction of radon progeny in the head airways was studied using several head airway models.
First Synthesis and Utilization of Oripavidine – A Concise and Efficient Route to Important Morphinans and Apomorphines (2009)

Abstract The synthesis and transformation of oripavidine ( 8 ) offer an efficient and simple route to highly active dopamine agonist apomorphines and a variety of important 14 β ‐hydroxy‐morphinan derivatives. Natural origin thebaine ( 6 ), the starting compound of the procedure, was converted into its N ‐{[1,2‐bis(ethoxycarbonyl)hydrazinyl]methyl} counterpart. L ‐ Selectride was found to be an efficient agent to perform a one‐pot O ‐ and N ‐deprotection at positions 3 and 17, respectively.
Electroencephalographic (EEG) control of three-dimensional movement (2010)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can use brain signals from the scalp (EEG), the cortical surface (ECoG), or within the cortex to restore movement control to people who are paralyzed. Like muscle-based skills, BCIs' use requires activity-dependent adaptations in the brain that maintain stable relationships between the person's intent and the signals that convey it. This study shows that humans can learn over a series of training sessions to use EEG for three-dimensional control. The responsible EEG features are focused topographically on the scalp and spectrally in specific frequency bands. People acquire simultaneous control of three independent signals (one for each dimension) and reach targets in a virtual three-dimensional space. Such BCI control in humans has not been reported previously. The results suggest that with further development noninvasive EEG-based BCIs might control the complex movements of robotic arms or neuroprostheses.
Immunotherapy of ovarian cancer with antibodies: a focus on oregovomab (2004)

Recent advances in the molecular and cellular biology of malignancy and tumour immunology have stimulated significant progress in the application of immunotherapies as adjuvant treatments in cancer. Oregovomab (OvaRex, AltaRex) is a murine monoclonal antibody with high affinity to the ovarian cancer associated antigen CA125. Infusion of low-dose antibody results in formation of circulating immune complexes which can trigger a cellular immune response targeting CA125 and the ovarian cancer. Oregovomab has activity following initial chemotherapy and in recurrent disease settings and is in Phase III trials to establish its efficacy to prolong time to relapse in patients with advanced ovarian cancer and favourable outcomes to their front-line treatment. Additional studies of antigen processing and combination chemo-immunotherapy are ongoing. The treatment shows promise as a potential new addition to the standard care of ovarian cancer.
The Infinite Gaussian Mixture Model (1999)

In a Bayesian mixture model it is not necessary a priori to limit the number of components to be finite. In this paper an infinite Gaussian mixture model is presented which neatly sidesteps the difficult problem of finding the &quot;right&quot; number of mixture components. Inference in the model is done using an efficient parameter-free Markov Chain that relies entirely on Gibbs sampling.
2.488 Gbit/s unrepeatered transmission over 423km employingremotely pumped post- and preamplifiers (1995)

Remotely pumped post- and preamplifiers have been employed in a 423 km, 2.488 Gbit/s repeaterless transmission experiment with a total transmission loss of 85.1 dB. The remotely pumped postamplifier providess a power budget improvement of 2.95 dB. The budget improvement added by the remotely pumped preamplifier is 15.1 dB. The effective sensitivity of the receiver, which includes a 96.5 km fibre span, is –57.7 dBm.
Characteristics of I/O traffic in personal computer and server workloads (2003)

Understanding the characteristics of I/O traffic is increasingly important as the performance gap between the processor and disk-based storage continues to widen. Moreover, recent advances in technology, coupled with market demands, have led to new and exciting developments in storage systems, particularly network storage, storage utilities, and intelligent self-optimizing storage. In this paper, we empirically examine the physical I/O traffic of a wide range of server and personal computer (PC) workloads, focusing on how these workloads will be affected by the recent developments in storage systems. As part of our analysis, we compare our results with historical data and re-examine some rules of thumb (e.g., one bit of I/O per second for each instruction per second of processing power) that have been widely used for designing computer systems. We find that the I/O traffic is bursty and appears to exhibit self-similar characteristics. Our analysis also indicates that there is little cross-correlation between traffic volumes of server workloads, which suggests that aggregating these workloads will likely help to smooth out the traffic and enable more efficient utilization of resources. We discover that there is significant potential for harnessing “free” system resources to perform background tasks such as optimization of disk block layout. In general, we observe that the characteristics of the I/O traffic are relatively insensitive to the extent of upstream caching, and thus our results still apply, on a qualitative level, when the upstream cache is increased in size.
How Abuse-Resistant are the Abuse-Deterrent Medications (2013)

abuse-deterrent products with reduced abuse potential for high risk medications.
A Survey of Liver Transplantation from Living Adult Donors in the United States (2003)

Adult-to-adult liver transplantation from a living donor is increasingly performed in the United States but is concentrated in a few large-volume centers. Mortality among donors is low, but complications in the donor are relatively common.
Enhancing Reading and Writing through Competitions. (1997)

Journal, 24, 27 -39. Farris, P. (1996). Making connections be tween school and home through literature response journals. Illinois Reading Council Journal, 24, 9-15. Koskinen, P., Blum, I., Tennant, N., Parker, E., Straub, M., & Curry, C. (1996). Have you heard any good books lately?: Encouraging shared reading at home with books and audio tapes. In L. Morrow, (Ed.), Family literacy: Connections in schools and communities (pp. 87 103). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
Presence of Autoantibodies in Erosive Hand Osteoarthritis and Association with Clinical Presentation (2018)

The prevalence of autoantibodies is similar in HOA patients and HC, and these autoantibodies are not associated with erosive disease, structural damage, or inflammation in patients with HOA, indicating that another mechanism is driving erosive disease.
The Effect of Polishing Techniques and Time on the Surface Characteristics and Sealing Ability of Resin Composite Restorations After One-year Storage (2008)

Since there is a lack of information on the surface properties of composite restorations achieved with standard polishing procedures after aging processes, this study evaluated the effects of immediate (IM) and delayed (DE) polishing on the surface roughness (Ra), microhardness (KHN) and microleakage (ML) of microfilled (Filtek A110) and hybrid (Filtek Z250) resin composites after one-year storage. Standardized preparations were made on the buccal surface of 256 bovine teeth, where half were restored with each composite. For each composite, the specimens were randomly allocated to two subgroups. The first group (IM) was polished immediately after gross finishing using three different systems/techniques (n=16): Sof-Lex, Flexicups and Flexicups + Jiffy Polishing Brush + Flexibuffs (sequential), then stored for three weeks in saline. The DE group was stored for two weeks, polished with the same systems and stored for one week. From each subgroup, eight specimens were assessed after three weeks regarding Ra, KHN and ML (baseline), andthe eight remaining specimens were stored for one year before analysis. The data were analyzed (alpha=0.05) with ANOVA, paired Student's t-test (Ra and KHN) or Kruskal-Wallis and Signed Rank tests (microleakage). After one year, microfilled resin composite specimens showed the lowest Ra and KHN (p<0.05). N o differencein microleakage was observed among the different groups (p>0.05). The sequential technique provided the lowest roughness and Sof-Lex the lowest hardness (p<0.05). IM showed similar or better performance than DE for ML and Ra (p<0.05). In conclusion, aging increased the composites Ra and ML in all experimental conditions (p<0.05).
d-Glucaro-1,4-lactone: Its excretion in the bile and urine and effect on the biliary secretion of β-glucuronidase after oral administration in rats (1989)

This experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that orally administered D-glucaro-1,4-lactone might be excreted in the bile and thus suppress the activity of biliary beta-glucuronidase, which is believed to play a key role in the development of pigment gallstones. D-Glucaro-1,4-lactone, 50 to 2,600 mu moles, was fed to adult Sprague-Dawley rats which had a bile fistula and were kept in metabolic cages for bile and urine collection. A total of 21 feeding experiments were carried out. Quantitation of D-glucaro-1,4-lactone and total D-glucaric acid as the sum of D-glucaric acid and its lactones in the bile and urine involved extraction of bile with tetrahexylammonium chloride, adjustment of pH, boiling and determination of percentage inhibition of beta-glucuronidase activity. The maximal velocity of beta-glucuronidase in the bile was also determined by the enzyme kinetic method. The results showed that 11% of administered D-glucaro-1,4-lactone was excreted in the urine and only 0.2% in the bile, with D-glucaro-1,4-lactone accounting for 20% of the total excreted D-glucaric acid. The concentration and excretory rate of total D-glucaric acid and D-glucaro-1,4-lactone in the urine, but not in the bile, were proportional to the amount of D-glucaro-1,4-lactone fed. The mean concentration of D-glucaro-1,4-lactone in the bile after feeding was 0.06 mM, which was capable of suppression of 75% of beta-glucuronidase activity. Oral administration of D-glucaro-1,4-lactone decreased biliary beta-glucuronidase concentration, slowed bile flow rate and hence decreased biliary beta-glucuronidase secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Expression of Phospholipase D during Castor Bean Leaf Senescence (1995)

Membrane deterioration in plant senescence is commonly associated with progressive decreases in membrane phospholipid content. This study investigated the expression and regulation of phospholipase D (PLD; EC 3.1.4.4) during senescence in castor bean (Ricinus communis L. cv Hale) leaf discs. The rate of leaf senescence was accelerated by 50 [mu]M abscisic acid and was attenuated by 50 [mu]M cytokinin during incubation at 23[deg]C for up to 5 d. Leaf senescence was indicated by decreases in the content of total proteins, chlorophyll, and phospholipids. PLD activity in both membrane-associated and cytosolic fractions showed a gradual increase in the absence of phytohormones. Abscisic acid stimulated an increase in membrane-associated PLD and had little effect on the soluble form. On the other hand, cytokinin retarded the increase in membrane-associated PLD. Immunoblotting analysis using PLD-specific antibodies revealed that the changes in PLD activity were correlated with those of PLD protein. Analysis of PLD by nondenaturing PAGE showed the appearance of a PLD structural variant, PLD 3, in abscisic acid-treated leaf discs. Northern blotting analysis using a PLD cDNA probe revealed an increase in PLD mRNA in senescing leaf discs. These data indicate complex mechanisms for the regulation of PLD during senescence, which include increases in membrane-associated PLD, differential expression of PLD isoforms, and changes in amounts of PLD protein and mRNA. Such controlled expression points to a role for PLD in membrane deterioration and plant senescence.
Heuristics for designing enjoyable user interfaces (1982)

In this paper, I will discuss two questions: (1) Why are computer games so captivating? and (2) How can the features that make computer games captivating be used to make other user interfaces interesting and enjoyable to use?
Renal cold storage followed by transplantation impairs expression of key mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins (2017)

Our results suggest that CS appears to involve activation of the OMA1, which could be a key player in proteolysis of the fusion and fission protein machinery following transplantation. These findings raise the possibility that impaired mitochondrial fission and fusion may be unrecognized contributors to CS induced mitochondrial injury and compromised renal graft function after transplantation.
Crystal chemistry and binding of NO<sub>2</sub>, SCN and SeCN to Co in cobalamins (2003)

Results of the accurate crystal structure determination of NO(2)Cbl.2LiCl (1), NO(2)Cbl.NaCl (2), NCSCbl (3) and NCSeCbl (4), based on synchrotron diffraction data collected at 100 K, are described. The nitro group in (1) was found to be disordered with two orientations that differ by a rotation of approximately 60 degrees about the Co-NO(2) bond, whereas in (2) the nitro group has only one orientation. The first X-ray structural determination of a cobalamin with a Co-Se bond is reported. Comparison of the axial distances indicates that SeCN has a bond length of 2.384 (3) A and that the trans influence on the Co-N bond is only slightly greater than that of SCN. The crystals of the thiocyanate cobalamin contain both the S- and N-bonded coordination isomers in a 3:2 ratio. The structural features of the Co-S bond in cobalamins are discussed. The crystal chemistry of cobalamins is discussed in terms of packing of roughly spherical molecules. The unit-cell parameters can be used to group the cobalamins' crystal structures in different arrays intermediate between distorted hexagonal close packing and primitive hexagonal arrangements. The structural features of cobalamins, and of cobaloximes that have the same axial fragment as the cobalamins, are reviewed and discussed in terms of the cis influence of the equatorial ligand.
Torins are potent antimalarials that block replenishment of <i>Plasmodium</i> liver stage parasitophorous vacuole membrane proteins (2013)

Residence within a customized vacuole is a highly successful strategy used by diverse intracellular microorganisms. The parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) is the critical interface between Plasmodium parasites and their possibly hostile, yet ultimately sustaining, host cell environment. We show that torins, developed as ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitors, are fast-acting antiplasmodial compounds that unexpectedly target the parasite directly, blocking the dynamic trafficking of the Plasmodium proteins exported protein 1 (EXP1) and upregulated in sporozoites 4 (UIS4) to the liver stage PVM and leading to efficient parasite elimination by the hepatocyte. Torin2 has single-digit, or lower, nanomolar potency in both liver and blood stages of infection in vitro and is likewise effective against both stages in vivo, with a single oral dose sufficient to clear liver stage infection. Parasite elimination and perturbed trafficking of liver stage PVM-resident proteins are both specific aspects of torin-mediated Plasmodium liver stage inhibition, indicating that torins have a distinct mode of action compared with currently used antimalarials.
Webpage Depth Viewability Prediction Using Deep Sequential Neural Networks (2018)

Display advertising is the most important revenue source for publishers in the online publishing industry. The ad pricing standards are shifting to a new model in which ads are paid only if they are viewed. Consequently, an important problem for publishers is to predict the probability that an ad at a given page depth will be shown on a user's screen for a certain dwell time. This paper proposes deep learning models based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to predict the viewability of any page depth for any given dwell time. The main novelty of our best model consists in the combination of bi-directional LSTM networks, encoder-decoder structure, and residual connections. The experimental results over a dataset collected from a large online publisher demonstrate that the proposed LSTM-based sequential neural networks outperform the comparison methods in terms of prediction performance.
Sphingolipids and glycoproteins are differentially trafficked to the Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion. (1996)

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen that multiples within the confines of a membrane-bound vacuole called an inclusion. Approximately 40-50% of the sphingomyelin synthesized from exogenously added NBD-ceramide is specifically transported from the Golgi apparatus to the chlamydial inclusion (Hackstadt, T., M.A. Scidmore, and D.D. Rockey. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92: 4877-4881). Given this major disruption of a cellular exocytic pathway and the similarities between glycolipid and glycoprotein exocytosis, we wished to determine whether the processing and trafficking of glycoproteins through the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane in chlamydia-infected cells was also disrupted. We analyzed the processing of several model glycoproteins including vesicular stomatitis virus G-protein, transferrin receptor, and human histocompatibility leukocyte class I antigen. In infected cells, the posttranslational processing and trafficking of these specific proteins through the Golgi apparatus and subsequent transport to the plasma membrane was not significantly impaired, nor were these glycoproteins found associated with the chlamydial inclusion membrane. Studies of receptor recycling from endocytic vesicles employing fluorescently and HRP-tagged transferrin and anti-transferrin receptor antibody revealed an increased local concentration of transferrin and transferrin receptor around but never within the chlamydial inclusion. However, Scatchard analysis failed to show either an increased intracellular accumulation of transferrin receptor or a decreased number of plasma membrane receptors in infected cells. Furthermore, the rate of exocytosis from the recycling endosomes to the plasma membrane was not altered in chlamydia-infected cells. Thus, although C. trachomatis disrupts the exocytosis of sphingolipids and the Golgi apparatus appears physically distorted, glycosylation and exocytosis of representative secreted and endocytosed proteins are not disrupted. These results suggest the existence of a previously unrecognized sorting of sphingolipids and glycoproteins in C. trachomatis-infected cells.
The Yeast Ras/Cyclic AMP Pathway Induces Invasive Growth by Suppressing the Cellular Stress Response (1999)

Haploid yeast cells are capable of invading agar when grown on rich media. Cells of the Sigma1278b genetic background manifest this property, whereas other laboratory strains are incapable of invasive growth. We show that disruption of the RAS2 gene in the Sigma1278b background significantly reduces invasive growth but that expression of a constitutively active Ras2p (Ras2(Val19)p) in this strain has a minimal effect on its invasiveness. On the other hand, expression of Ras2(Val19)p in another laboratory strain, SP1, rendered it invasive. These results suggest that a hyperactive Ras2 pathway induces invasive growth and that this pathway might be overactive in the Sigma1278b genetic background. Indeed, cells of the Sigma1278b are defective in the induction of stress-responsive genes, while their Gcn4 target genes are constitutively transcribed. This pattern of gene expression was previously shown to be associated with an active Ras/cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway. We show that suppression of stress-related genes in Sigma1278b cells is a result of their inability to activate transcription through the stress response element (STRE). Disruption of RAS2, which abolished invasiveness, induced an increase in STRE activity. Further, in the SP1 genetic background, disruption of either the MSN2/4 genes (encoding activators of STRE) or the yAP-1 gene was sufficient to restore invasive growth in ras2Delta cells. We conclude that Ras2-mediated suppression of the stress response is sufficient to induce invasiveness. Accordingly, the fact that the stress response is suppressed in Sigma1278b background explains its invasiveness. It seems that invasiveness is a phenotype related to unregulated growth and is therefore manifested by cells harboring an overactive Ras/cAMP cascade. In this respect, invasiveness in yeast is reminiscent of the property of ras-transformed fibroblasts to invade soft agar.