gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early Mars was wet but not warm: Erosion, fluvial features, liquid water habitats, and life below freezing (1993)

There is considerable evidence that Mars had liquid water early in its history and possibly at recurrent interval. It has generally been assumed that this implied that the climate was warmer as a result of a thicker CO2 atmosphere than at the present. However, recent models suggest that Mars may have had a thick atmosphere but may not have experienced mean annual temperatures above freezing. In this paper we report on models of liquid water formation and maintenance under temperatures well below freezing. Our studies are based on work in the north and south polar regions of Earth. Our results suggest that early Mars did have a thick atmosphere but precipitation and hence erosion was rare. Transient liquid water, formed under temperature extremes and maintained under thick ice covers, could account for the observed fluvial features. The main difference between the present climate and the early climate was that the total surface pressure was well above the triple point of water.
Microbial invasion and cytokine response in amniotic fluid in a Swedish population of women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (2003)

Intra-amniotic microbial invasion and inflammation in this population of Swedish women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes were similar to data reported from populations with a higher incidence of preterm delivery. Amniotic IL-6 correlated to the presence of microorganisms and delivery within 7 days and IL-8 to delivery before 34 weeks.
Groundwater Contamination in the United States, 2d edition (1988)

More than 50% of the US population depends on ground water as its primary source of drinking water, and about 97% of rural households rely on ground water supplies alone. Even though there is a growing reliance on ground water for drinking water, for municipal supplies, for irrigation, and for industry, few people understand its importance, and fewer still practice sound management of this key resource. In the absence of knowledge and sound management practices, depletion and contamination of ground water have worsened in the last decade. This book includes descriptions of the transport of contaminants in ground water, an expanded list of contaminants,and up-to-date information on state programs.
The reaction of hydroxamic acids with water-soluble carbodiimides. A lossen rearrangement (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe reaction of hydroxamic acids with water-soluble carbodiimides. A lossen rearrangementD. G. Hoare, Ann Olson, and D. E. Koshland Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 6, 1638–1643Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01008a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01008a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1102Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Developmentally regulated expression of a <i>Giardia lamblia</i> cyst wall protein gene (1995)

The protozoan Giardia lamblia is an obligate parasite of the mammalian small intestine. We studied the expression of a gene that encodes a protein component of the cyst wall, a complex structure assembled during the differentiation of trophozoites to cysts and which is critical to survival of the parasite outside its mammalian host. Transcripts from the cyst wall protein gene increase more than 100-fold during encystation, reaching a maximum between 5 and 24 hours after induction. Cyst wall protein expression also increases dramatically during encystation, and, prior to its incorporation into the nascent cyst wall, the protein is contained within the encystation-specific vesicles of encysting trophozoites. The sequence of the cloned gene predicts an acidic, leucine-rich polypeptide of M(r) 26,000 that contains 5.3 tandemly arranged copies of a degenerate 24-amino-acid repeat. A hydrophobic amino-terminal peptide probably serves as the initial signal that targets this protein to a secretory pathway involving vesicular localization during encystation and, ultimately, secretion to form the cyst wall.
Breakage of an Embolized Intravascular Catheter Fragment: A Complication of Nonsurgical Transvenous Retrieval (1992)

The use of permanently implantable central venous catheters may be complicated by catheter fracture and embolism. Nonsurgical retrieval of embolized catheter fragments is well established, and complications are rarely noted. We report a case in which the retrieval technique led to further fracture of a silicone rubber (Silastic) catheter and embolization to the lung. Silastic catheters may be prone to this complication, and appropriate caution during recovery of such catheter fragments is recommended.
Protective Effect of MK801 in Experimental Brain Injury (1990)

The effect of a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK801, was studied in a model of closed head injury in rats. Head trauma (HT) was induced over the left cerebral hemisphere by a calibrated weight-drop device. One or 3 h later, MK801 in saline was given i.p. in a single bolus of either 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg. The rats were killed at 4, 24, or 48 h after HT. Cortical tissue samples were taken from the injured zone and from the corresponding region of the contralateral hemisphere and analyzed for specific gravity (SG) by linear gradient columns. The neurological status of the traumatized rats was evaluated by a neurological severity score (NSS) 1 h after trauma and just before death. Pathological evaluation, based on size and severity of the lesion, was performed 24 and 48 h after HT on control and MK801-treated rats. A dose of 3 mg/kg MK801 given 1 h after trauma effectively prevented the reduction in tissue SG only at 24 h. The NSS could not be evaluated at 24 h after trauma because of the sedating effect of the drug. At 48 h posttrauma, however, the drug significantly improved the neurological state of the rats. No significant difference was found in the pathological score between treated and untreated rats. The results demonstrate neuroprotective properties of MK801, as expressed in two different variables--reduced edema formation and improved neurological recovery after HT. These findings support existing evidence that pharmacological intervention with NMDA receptor antagonist after head injury may be of clinical value in the management of head-injured patients.
Analysis of acoustic propagation in the region of the New England continental shelfbreak (1999)

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution June 1999
Impact of photoacid generator structure on DUV resist performance (1999)

The structural influence of photoacid generators on DUV resists performance is investigated in both high and low activation energy resists system. The lithographic behaviors of the photoacid generator is considered in terms of the structure of the photogenerated acid and the light sensitive chromophore. First, the lithographic impact of the photogenerated acid is investigated in terms of acid strength and acid size in resists optimized for high and low temperature processing, respectively. Dissolution kinetics, contrast curve data and absorbance data are presented for a series of high and low activation energy resists in which the structure of the photogenerated acid is systematically varied. The results of these studies are discussed in terms of the photogenerated acid, emphasizing the impact of acid strength and size on lithographic performance and resists dissolution rate kinetics for each resists platform. Secondly, the structural influence of the light sensitive PAG chromophore is investigated by comparing the lithographic performance and dissolution rate kinetics are probed in terms of resist type and PAG structure.
Improving the data quality in marine streamer seismic by increased cross‐line sampling (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002Improving the data quality in marine streamer seismic by increased cross‐line samplingAuthors: Jürgen HoffmannThorbjørn RekdalStian HegnaJürgen HoffmannPGS Geophysical, Norway, Thorbjørn RekdalPGS Geophysical, Norway, and Stian HegnaPGS Geophysical, Norwayhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817397 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817397FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byFull-wavefield marine survey design using all multiplesAmarjeet Kumar, Gerrit Blacquière, Morten W. Pedersen, and Alexander Goertz19 April 2016 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 81, No. 3References29 April 2013 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2002 Pages: 2478 publication data© 2002 Copyright © 2002 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Jürgen Hoffmann, Thorbjørn Rekdal, and Stian Hegna, (2002), "Improving the data quality in marine streamer seismic by increased cross‐line sampling," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 85-88. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817397 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Seminar on Poly(ADP-Ribose) and ADP-ribosylation of Protine (1975)

Journal Article Seminar on Poly(ADP-Ribose) and ADP-ribosylation of Protine: In Vivo and In Vitro Synthesis of Oligo Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose in the G2 Stage of the Cell Cycle Get access William R. KIDWELL William R. KIDWELL Laboratory of Pathophysiology, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 77, Issue supp1, January 1975, Pages 6–7, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a130866 Published: 01 January 1975
Long-term patency of a polymer vein valve (2009)

Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is a condition in present in almost 27% of adults in which an insufficient amount of blood is pumped back to the heart due to damaged or poorly apposed one-way valves in the leg veins. During forward flow, vein valves allow blood to return to the heart while posing very little resistance to the flow. During gravity-driven reverse flow, normal valves close and prevent blood from flowing backward through the valve. Incompetent, or damaged, vein valves cannot prevent this reverse flow and lead to a pooling of blood at the feet. CVI is a painful disease presents itself in various ways, including varicose veins, ulcerations of the lower extremities, and severe swelling.\nCurrent therapies and treatments include compressive stockings, destruction or removal of affected veins, valve repair, and valve transplants. The implantation of prosthetic vein valves is a future treatment option that does not require an invasive surgery, human donor, or lengthy hospital stay. While no prosthetic vein valves are currently commercially available, this thesis describes the design, verification, and validation of a novel prosthetic vein valve.\nVerification tests include CFD simulations, functional tests, mechanical tests, and in vitro thromogenicity tests. The validation of the device was done through an animal study in sheep external jugular veins. CFD analysis verified that shear rates within the valve support its lower thrombogenicity as compared to a previous vein valve. Benchtop tests demonstrate superiority in short-term patency over a previous polymer valve. In a sheep study, patency was shown at 6 weeks, surpassing many autograft valves and showing great potential to meet the goal of 3 month patency in sheep.
Modeling and Simulation of HVAC Faulty Operations and Performance Degradation due to Maintenance Issues (2014)

Almost half of the total energy used in the U.S. buildings is consumed by heating, ventilation and air conditionings (HVAC) according to EIA statistics. Among various driving factors to energy performance of building, operations and maintenance play a significant role. Many researches have been done to look at design efficiencies and operational controls for improving energy performance of buildings, but very few study the impacts of HVAC systems maintenance. Different practices of HVAC system maintenance can result in substantial differences in building energy use. If a piece of HVAC equipment is not well maintained, its performance will degrade. If sensors used for control purpose are not calibrated, not only building energy usage could be dramatically increased, but also mechanical systems may not be able to satisfy indoor thermal comfort. Properly maintained HVAC systems can operate efficiently, improve occupant comfort, and prolong equipment service life.\nIn the paper, maintenance practices for HVAC systems are presented based on literature reviews and discussions with HVAC engineers, building operators, facility managers, and commissioning agents. We categorize the maintenance practices into three levels depending on the maintenance effort and coverage: 1) proactive, performance-monitored maintenance; 2) preventive, scheduled maintenance; and 3) reactive, unplanned or no maintenance. A sampled list of maintenance issues, including cooling tower fouling, boiler/chiller fouling, refrigerant over or under charge, temperature sensor offset, outdoor air damper leakage, outdoor air screen blockage, outdoor air damper stuck at fully open position, and dirty filters are investigated in this study using field survey data and detailed simulation models. The energy impacts of both individual maintenance issue and combined scenarios for an office building with central VAV systems and central plant were evaluated by EnergyPlus simulations using three approaches: 1) direct modeling with EnergyPlus, 2) using the energy management system feature of EnergyPlus, and 3) modifying EnergyPlus source code. The results demonstrated the importance of maintenance for HVAC systems on energy performance of buildings.\nThe research is intended to provide a guideline to help practitioners and building operators to gain the knowledge of maintaining HVAC systems in efficient operations, and prioritize HVAC maintenance work plan. The paper also discusses\nchallenges of modeling building maintenance issues using energy simulation programs.
Knowledge Management Mechanisms in E-Commerce: A Study of Online Retailing and Auction Sites (2002)

Knowledge management is vital to a company's success in this e-commerce era. Not only has the topic of knowledge management attracted much research attention lately, but the management of customer ...
Non-invasive continuous-time glucose monitoring system using a chipless printable sensor based on split ring microwave resonators (2020)

This paper reports a highly sensitive, non-invasive sensor for real-time glucose monitoring from interstitial fluid. The structure is comprised of a chip-less tag sensor which may be taped over the patient's skin and a reader, that can be embedded in a smartwatch. The tag sensor is energized through the established electromagnetic coupling between the tag and the reader and its frequency response is reflected on the spectrum of the reader in the same manner. The tag sensor consumes zero power as there is no requirement for any active readout or communication circuitry on the tag side. When measuring changes in glucose concentrations within saline replicating interstitial fluid, the sensor was able to detect glucose with an accuracy of ~ 1 mM/l over a physiological range of glucose concentrations with 38 kHz of the resonance frequency shift. This high sensitivity is attained as a result of the proposed new design and extended field concentration on the tag. The impact of some of the possible interferences on the response of the sensor's performance was also investigated. Variations in electrolyte concentrations within the test samples have a negligible effect on the response of the sensor unless these variations are supra-physiologically large.
Modulation of receptor-dependent increase of calcium ions in human platelets by taurine. (1992)

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, CAS 107-35-7) is present in high concentrations in platelets. It suppresses bronchial responses to platelet-activating factor (PAF) and inhibits aggregation induced by ADP. In the present experiments human platelet calcium responses to PAF were measured by a fluorescent label "Quin-2" method. Preincubation with 0.01 mol/l of taurine decreased effects of PAF by 250 nmol/l if the initial Ca intracellular response (delta Ca2+) to inductor was more than 400 nmol/l. If the initial response to inductor was less than 150 nmol/l, taurine did not affect the response to inductor if PAF effect was in delta Ca2+ range of 150-400 nmol/l. Hence, some effects of taurine may be ascribed to its modulating influence on secondary Ca2+ messenger.
Fully self-aligned power trench-MOSFET utilising 1 μm pitch and 0.2 μm trench width (2003)

Using advanced photolithography and etching techniques, plus an innovative self-aligned process, trench MOSFETs with cell pitches between 1 /spl mu/m and 4 /spl mu/m with a trench width of 0.2 /spl mu/m have been fabricated. The 1 /spl mu/m cell pitch stripe technology achieves a specific (silicon only) on-resistance 10 m/spl Omega/.mm/sup 2/ at a gate voltage of 10 V and with a blocking voltage of 26 V. The trade-off between device on-state resistance and 'Miller' charge was investigated by varying the cell pitch. The 4 /spl mu/m cell pitch stripe technology achieves a figure of merit (Rds[on]/spl times/Q/sub gd/) of 13 m/spl Omega/.nC at a gate voltage of 10 V with a blocking voltage of 27 V.
CMOS devices below 0.1 μm: how high will performance go? (2002)

Issues, challenges, and potential directions for further performance gains beyond 0.1 /spl mu/m CMOS are explored. Gate oxide thickness will soon be tunneling-current limited below 20 /spl Aring/, or roughly 7 atomic layers. V/sub dd/ scaling will slow to accommodate pressure on performance from V/sub t/-nonscaling, pushing CMOS to higher electric fields. Highly abrupt, vertically and laterally nonuniform SUPER-HALO doping profiles will be required for control of short-channel effects in the 0.05 /spl mu/m channel-length regime. More than 6-levels of hierarchical wiring, with the top levels limited only by the speed of EM-wave propagation, are needed to deal with interconnect RC delays. Beyond conventional CMOS, several non-mainstream device alternatives such as SOI, SiGe, and low-temperature CMOS are discussed. The potential performance benefit of each in a CMOS circuit is assessed.
Editing of human α-galactosidase RNA resulting in a pyrimidine top purine conversion (1995)

During a study of the gene coding for alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22), the lysosomal enzyme deficient in Fabry's disease, RT-PCR amplification of alpha-galactosidase mRNAs obtained from three different tissues isolated from males revealed a substantial number of clones with a U to A conversion at the nucleotide position 1187. Such a modification of the coding sequence would result in an amino acid substitution in the C-terminal region (Phe396Tyr) of the enzyme. Neither PCR analysis of the genomic sequence nor the RT-PCR amplification of RNA obtained by in vitro transcription of the wild-type cDNA showed this change in the sequence. Multiple genes, pseudogenes are allelic variants were excluded. Hence, we propose RNA editing as a mechanism responsible for this base change in the alpha-galactosidase RNA.
An efficient dynamic ID based remote user authentication scheme using self-certified public keys for multi-server environment (2013)

Recently, Li et al. analyzed Lee et al.'s multi-server authentication scheme and proposed a novel smart card and dynamic ID based remote user authentication scheme for multi-server environments. They claimed that their scheme can resist several kinds of attacks. However, through careful analysis, we find that Li et al.'s scheme is vulnerable to stolen smart card and offline dictionary attack, replay attack, impersonation attack and server spoofing attack. By analyzing other similar schemes, we find that the certain type of dynamic ID based multi-server authentication scheme in which only hash functions are used and no registration center participates in the authentication and session key agreement phase is hard to provide perfect efficient and secure authentication. To compensate for these shortcomings, we improve the recently proposed Liao et al.'s multi-server authentication scheme which is based on pairing and self-certified public keys, and propose a novel dynamic ID based remote user authentication scheme for multi-server environments. Liao et al.'s scheme is found vulnerable to offline dictionary attack and denial of service attack, and cannot provide user's anonymity and local password verification. However, our proposed scheme overcomes the shortcomings of Liao et al.'s scheme. Security and performance analyses show the proposed scheme is secure against various attacks and has many excellent features.
Eight-channel reconfigurable microring filters with tunable frequency, extinction ratio and bandwidth (2010)

We demonstrate an eight-channel reconfigurable optical filter on a silicon chip. It consists of cascaded microring resonators and integrated compact heaters. With an embedded Mach-Zehnder (MZ) arm coupling to a microring resonator, the important parameters of a filter such as center frequency, extinction ratio and bandwidth can be controlled simultaneously for purposes of filtering, routing and spectral shaping. Thus our device could potentially be useful in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) and radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation (RFAWG). Multichannel filter response was successfully tuned to match the International Telecommunication Unit (ITU) grid with 50, 100 and 200 GHz in channel spacing. Programmable channel selectivity was demonstrated by heating the MZ arm, and continuous adjustment of through-port extinction ratio from 0 dB to 27 dB was achieved. Meanwhile, the 3 dB bandwidth in the drop port changed from 0.12 nm to 0.16 nm. The device had an ultra-compact footprint (1200 microm x 100 microm) excluding the metal leads and contact pads, making it suitable for large scale integration.