gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Redistribution of totals through hierarchical data (2000)

The early days of APL are full of examples of spreadsheet-style applications which allow the user to maintain aggregated values and quickly redistribute the changes across base data. Generally these use a simple pro-rata approach which always leads to rounding problems where the adjusted values no longer sum to the required total.The example discussed in this paper was developed for the Strategic Planning manager at Nestlé-Rowntree and a key requirement was to permit rebalancing of adjusted totals throughout an arbitrarily deep tree-structure. In this case a simple pro-rata leads to endless imbalances, and the trick is to use Benkard's distributed rounding which ensures that when changes to aggregates are redistributed, the detail always adds exactly to the required total.The concept is illustrated using the VideoSoft Flexgrid OCX control. The Flexgrid was used here because it has a very simple and powerful approach to managing gridded data where one of the dimensions has an outline structure.
Scalable Downstream Strategies for Purification of Recombinant Adeno- Associated Virus Vectors in Light of the Properties (2015)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector is one of the promising delivery tools for gene therapy. Currently, hundreds of clinical trials are performed but the major barrier for clinical application is the absence of any ideal large scale production technique to obtain sufficient and highly pure rAAV vector. The large scale production technique includes upstream and downstream processing. The upstream processing is a vector package step and the downstream processing is a vector purification step. For large scale downstream processing, the scientists need to recover rAAV from dozens of liters of cell lysate or medium, and a variety of purification strategies have been developed but not comprehensively compared till now. Consequently, this review will evaluate the scalable downstream purification strategies systematically, especially those based on the physicochemical properties of AAV virus, and attempt to find better scalable downstream strategies for rAAV vectors.
Berry's phase fiber loop mirror characteristics (2005)

The tuneable reflectivity of a fiber loop mirror consisting of a Sagnac interferometer with a fixed ratio directional coupler is attributed to Berry's topological phase. Berry's phase is the phase acquired by a light beam when the direction of propagation is changed, while the optical path length remains unchanged. The nature of the topological phase is studied and exact relations characterizing Berry's phase fiber-optic mirror are derived.
Acceleration Pressure Induced from Wellbore Inflow and its Influence on Productivity (2019)

Abstract Modelling the full physics in the wellbore is very important for investigating the wellbore pressure drop on well productivity in reservoir simulation. The pressure drop along the wellbore includes a hydrostatic, a friction and an acceleration component. The acceleration component is generally small in comparison with the overall pressure drop, and in the majority of literature it is neglected. In certain circumstance, it was shown in the literature (Ozkan, Sarica, and Haci 1999) that the acceleration pressure drop can have a significant impact on productivity in a horizontal well. In this paper, a new formulation of acceleration pressure is derived and the results are compared with those in a commercial reservoir simulator. The new model is derived from the material balance and momentum balance equations in a coupled wellbore and reservoir system. Due to the impact of inflow from the reservoir on the velocity in the well segments, an acceleration pressure drop is induced. The physics of acceleration pressure is implemented as part of complex wellbore model in a multimillion grid reservoir simulator in a massively parallel computational environment. Detailed formulation of acceleration pressure and its derivatives with regards to primary variables are derived. Its influence on wellbore performance is shown using reservoir simulation examples. The effect of acceleration pressure is investigated using sensitivity studies of parameters such as reservoir permeability, well completion and well configuration. Simulated results show that the magnitude of impact of acceleration component on wellbore performance can be large within horizontal wells in a high-porosity high-permeability reservoir. The observations can be used for better history match and more accurate forecast.
The c.‐237_236GA>TT <i>THAP1</i> sequence variant does not increase risk for primary dystonia (2011)

Our findings indicate that the c.-237_236GA>TT THAP1 sequence variant does not increase risk for adult-onset primary dystonia in Caucasians.
UKF-based MEMS micromirror angle estimation for LiDAR (2018)

Azimuth and distance measurement are two key technologies of MEMS LIDAR. In order to improve the accuracy of (micro-electronical mechanical system scanning mirror) MEMS-SM angle measurement, this paper proposes an angle estimation algorithm based on unscented Kalman filter (UKF), which can reduce the sensor noise by using the motion model of MEMS-SM. First, the angle measurement is given by the built-in angle sensor or transfer function model of MEMS-SM. Secondly, the dynamic model is established according to the Lissajous scanning mode of MEMS-SM. Then the UKF algorithm can be presented, including the measurement equation and the state equation, where the nonlinear equation is the inverse trigonometric function. Finally, Laser Doppler Velocimeter was adopted as a standard instrument to verify the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The results showed that the UKF angle estimation algorithm based on MEMS-SM dynamic model improved the accuracy of the built-in sensor's angle measurement by 5–10 times. And this method is suitable for LIDAR of different scanners' types and different scanning modes, which can meet the demand of imaging MEMS LIDAR for the accuracy and stability of angle measurement.
Parrot proventricular dilatation disease: a possible model of Guillain-Barré syndrome? (2008)

Abstract Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) affects parrots with clinico-pathological aspects similar to those of the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), a human neurophathy. We observed that in sera of PPD-affected parrots antibodies to gangliosides were detectable, similarly to that observed for GBS, and that quantification of such antibodies could be diagnostic for PDD. Then, we proved that administration of purified gangliosides to parrots, elicited autoimmune response and a pathological outcome similar to that of natural PDD. We propose this model not only for better studying PDD, but also as the basis for developing a reliable animal model of GBS.
Laser-induced acoustic desorption of electrons and ions (1997)

Laser irradiation of absorbing materials can be used to generate acoustic pulses with extremely high amplitude and short pulse duration. Such acoustic pulses can transfer energy and momentum to atomic particles on solid surfaces to cause desorption of the particles. We report experimental observations of the effect of laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD) of electrons from metal film surfaces and hydrogen ions from the surface of palladium saturated with hydrogen. We believe LIAD can be used as a gentle technique to transfer analyte molecules and ions into gas phase for mass analysis and for other applications.
Transferred Deep Learning-Based Change Detection in Remote Sensing Images (2019)

Supervised deep neural networks (DNNs) have been extensively used in diverse tasks. Generally, training such DNNs with superior performance requires a large amount of labeled data. However, it is time-consuming and expensive to manually label the data, especially for tasks in remote sensing, e.g., change detection. The situation motivates us to resort to the existing related images with labels, from which the concept of change can be adapted to new images. However, the distributions of the related labeled images (source domain) and unlabeled new images (target domain) are similar but not identical. It impedes a change detection model learned from source domains being well applied to the target domain. In this paper, we propose a transferred deep learning-based change detection framework to solve this problem. It consists of pretraining and fine-tuning stages. In the pretraining process, we propose two tasks to be learned simultaneously, namely, change detection for the source domain with labels and reconstruction of the unlabeled target data. The auxiliary task aims to reconstruct the difference image (DI) for the target domain. DI is an effective feature, such that the auxiliary task is of much relevance to change detection. The lower layers are shared between these two tasks in the training process. It mitigates the distribution discrepancy between the source and target domains and makes the concept of change from the source domain adapt to the target domain. In addition, we evaluate three modes of the U-net architecture to merge the information for a pair of patches. To fine-tune the change detection network (CDN) for the target domain, two strategies are exploited to select the pixels that have a high possibility of being correctly classified by an unsupervised approach. The proposed method demonstrates an excellent capacity for adapting the concept of change from the source domain to the target domain. It outperforms the state-of-the-art change detection methods via experimental results on real remote sensing data sets.
Synthesis and characterization of novel rod–coil diblock copolymers of poly(methyl methacrylate) and liquid crystalline segments of poly(2,5‐bis[(4‐methoxyphenyl)oxycarbonyl] styrene) (2003)

Abstract Liquid crystalline diblock copolymers with different molecular weights and low polydispersities were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2,5‐bis[(4‐methoxyphenyl)oxycarbonyl]styrene (MPCS) monomers. The block architecture (coil‐conformation of MMA segment and rigid‐rod of MPCS segment) of the copolymer was experimentally confirmed by a combination of 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatograph techniques. The liquid crystalline behaviour of the copolymer was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscope. It was found that the liquid crystalline behaviour was dependent on the number average molecular weight of the rigid segment. Only those copolymers with M n(GPC) of the rigid block above 9200 g mol −1 could form liquid crystalline phases higher than the glass transition temperature of the rigid block. The random copolymers MPCS‐ co ‐MMA were also synthesized by conventional free radical polymerization. The molar content of MPCS in MPCS‐ co ‐MMA had to be higher than 71% to maintain liquid crystalline behaviour. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Simple panoramic perspectives for road design appreciation (1972)

THE PAPER INDICATES THAT THERE IS STILL A PLACE FOR THE MANUALLY DRAWN ROAD PERSPECTIVE AS AN AID DURING THE DESIGN OF ROADS. A DISCUSSION FOLLOWS OF THE PRESENT DRAWING TECHNIQUE OF CALCULATED PERSPECTIVES, ITS SIMPLIFICATIONS, AND THE CALCULATION AIDS AVAILABLE. THE PANORAMIC DRAWING TECHNIQUE IS THEN EXPLAINED AND IT IS SHOWN THAT REAL SAVINGS IN CALCULATION AND DRAWING TIME CAN BE ACHIEVED, WITHOUT LOSS IN ACCURACY. /AUTHOR/
Deformation of Confined Poly(ethylene oxide) in Multilayer Films (2012)

The effect of confinement on the deformation behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was studied using melt processed coextruded poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA) and PEO multilayer films with varying PEO layer thicknesses from 3600 to 25 nm. The deformation mechanism was found to shift as layer thickness was decreased between 510 and 125 nm, from typical axial alignment of the crystalline fraction, as seen in bulk materials, to nonuniform micronecking mechanisms found in solution-grown single crystals. This change was evaluated via tensile testing, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). With the commercially relevant method of melt coextrusion, we were able to overcome the limitations to the testing of solution-grown single crystals, and the artifacts that occur from their handling, and bridged the gap in knowledge between thick bulk materials and thin single crystals.
Quantitative analysis of the molecular species of monosialogangliosides by continuous‐flow fast‐atom bombardment mass spectrometry (1991)

Negative-ion continuous-flow fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry was evaluated as a means for the quantitative analysis of N-acetylneuraminyl-galactosyl-glucosyl-ceramide (NeuAc-GM3) and N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)galactosyl-glucosyl-ceramide (NeuAc-GM2). This study was carried out on a 7070-EQ mass spectrometer (VG Analytical, Manchester, UK) using a home-made continuous-flow fast-atom bombardment probe with a mixture of methanol + water + triethanolamine (70:27:3, v/v/v) as the mobile phase. Utilizing 100 ng of acetyl-lysogalactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)g alactosyl-glucosyl-ceramide (acetyl-lysoGM1) as an internal standard, standard curves for NeuAc-GM3 d18:1-16:0, NeuAc-GM3 d18:1-18:0 and Neuac-GM2 d18:1-18:0 were found to be linear over the range 5-250 ng, with associated correlation coefficients of 0.990-0.997. The lower limit of detection was found to be 2.5 ng. Satisfactory results could also be obtained when the calibration curves were derived from the deprotonated molecular ions of a mixture of the NeuAc-GM2 and NeuAc-GM3 classes. Using this approach, quantitative determination of NeuAc-GM3 d18:1-16:0 from rat adrenal gland was performed using N-acetylneuraminic acid assay as a test control. We found 278 +/- 36 ng of this species in 1 mg of tissue (three replicate experiments). The procedure represents a sensitive method for the quantitation of monosialogangliosides and its capability to give molecular species information.
Susceptibilities of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> and <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> to 10 Oral Antimicrobial Agents Based on Pharmacodynamic Parameters: 1997 U.S. Surveillance Study (1999)

The susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae (1,476 strains) and untypeable Haemophilus influenzae (1,676 strains) to various oral beta-lactam, macrolide-azalide, and fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution. Organisms were isolated from specimens obtained from outpatients in six geographic regions of the United States. MIC data were interpreted according to pharmacodynamically derived breakpoints applicable to the oral agents tested. Among H. influenzae strains, 41.6% were beta-lactamase positive. Virtually all H. influenzae strains were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate (98%), cefixime (100%), and ciprofloxacin (100%), while 78% were susceptible to cefuroxime, 57% were susceptible to amoxicillin, 14% were susceptible to cefprozil, 9% were susceptible to loracarbef, 2% were susceptible to cefaclor, and 0% were susceptible to azithromycin and clarithromycin. Among S. pneumoniae isolates, 49.6% were penicillin susceptible, 17.9% were intermediate, and 32.5% were penicillin resistant, with penicillin MICs for 50 and 90% of the isolates tested of 0.12 and 4 microg/ml, respectively. Overall, 94% of S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate, 69% were susceptible to azithromycin and clarithromycin, 63% were susceptible to cefprozil and cefuroxime, 52% were susceptible to cefixime, 22% were susceptible to cefaclor, and 11% were susceptible to loracarbef. Although ciprofloxacin has marginal activity against S. pneumoniae, no high-level fluoroquinolone-resistant strains were found. Significant cross-resistance was found between penicillin and macrolides-azalides among S. pneumoniae isolates, with 5% of the penicillin-susceptible strains being macrolide-azalide resistant, compared with 37% of the intermediate isolates and 66% of the resistant isolates. Resistance was highest in S. pneumoniae isolates from patients younger than 10 years of age, middle ear and paranasal sinus specimens, and the southern half of the United States. With the continuing rise in resistance, judicious use of oral antimicrobial agents is necessary in all age groups.
Automatic parallel control structures in SequenceL (2000)

SequenceL is a language that provides declarative constructs for non-scalar processing. Rather than specifying program control structures that, in turn, imply a data product, the problem solver specifies a data product, and the control structures to produce or process the data product are implied. Although SequenceL has been previously introduced in two papers (Cooke, DE. An Introduction to SequenceL: A language to experiment with constructs for processing nonscalars. Software—Practice and Experience 1996; 26(11):1205–1246; and Cooke, D. SequenceL Provides a Different way to View Programming. Computer Languages 1998; 24:1–32), recent improvements to the language have indicated that parallel control structures are also implied by the SequenceL problem solutions. This paper focuses on these recent advances. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eradication of the perithecial stage of apple scab with surfactants (1977)

SUMMARY Clone M3 apple leaves infected with scab (Venturia inaequalis) were dipped in one of a series of surface‐active compounds or mixtures tested at a concentration of 5% a.i. Seven of these reduced the concentration of scab ascopores released in the spring by more than 99%.
E-Plane Integrated Circuit Filters with Improved Stopband Attenuation (Short Papers) (1984)

Improved stopband attenuation is achieved by thick strips, by reduced waveguide sidewall dimensions, and by double planar integrated circuits. In contrast to thick strips which may cause high passband insertion losses and filters with reduced waveguide dimensions which require additional tapers, double planar E-plane integrated circuit filters combine the advantages of low costs, high stopband, and low passband insertion losses. Computer-aided design of a four-resonator Ka -band double metal insert filter achieves a calculated stopband attenuation between 40 and 60 GHz of more than 50 dB, the calculated minimum passband insertion loss is 0.43 dB (measured 1.8 dB). Higher order mode excitation and finite thicknesses of the inserts are included in the calculations.
Direct measurement of phase in a spherical-wave Fizeau interferometer (1980)

When measuring the contours of spherical surfaces by direct phase measurement the Twyman-Green interferometer is usually chosen in preference to the Fizeau interferometer. In the Twyman-Green interferometer the phase reference is provided by moving a plane mirror in a direction normal to its surface. In the spherical-wave Fizeau interferometer the reflecting surfaces are spherical and, at the same instant at least, cannot be moved in a direction normal to the surfaces at all points over the optical aperture. It can be shown analytically, however, that for a spherical test surfaces having an N.A. less, similar0.8, the error introduced by moving the test surface axially, rather than radially, can be made <lambda/100.
Bias voltage control of avalanche photo-diode using a window comparator (2011)

This work aims at controlling the bias voltage of APDs, used for single photon detection, with a micro-controller through pulse height comparison.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of a bicyclo[4.1.0]heptyl analogue of glucose-1-phosphate (2004)

The synthesis of a bicyclo[4.1.0]heptyl analogue of glucose-1-phophate, (1R,2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-yl dihydrogen phosphate (5) is reported. The synthetic route chosen started with methyl α-D-glucopyranoside and was accomplished in 11 steps with an overall yield of 3%. Compound 5 was tested as a potential substrate of UTP:α-D-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, the enzyme that converts glucose-1-phosphate into UDP-glucose. However, the conformationally restricted glucose-1-phosphate analogue 5 was found to be a weakly binding inhibitor, rather than a substrate, of the yeast transferase (12% inhibition at a concentration of 0.1 mmol L 1 ).Key words: glucose 1-phosphate, inhibition, UTP:α-D-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase.
Remote-Controllable Power Outlet System for Home Power Management (2007)

In this paper we describe the Wireless Power-Controlled Outlet Module (WPCOM) with a scalable mechanism for home power management which we have developed. The WPCOM integrates the multiple AC power sockets and a simple low-power microcontroller into a power outlet to switch the power of the sockets ON/OFF and to measure the power consumption of plugged electric home appliances. Our WPCOM consists of six scalable modules, that is, the Essential Control Module, the Bluetooth Module, the GSM Module, the Ethernet Module, the SD Card Module and the Power Measuring Module, which together provide an indoor wireless, and an outdoor remote control and monitor of electric home appliances. We have designed a PDA control software and remote control software which support the Graphic User Interface, thus allowing the user to easily monitor the electric home appliances through the PDA and the Internet individually. In addition, we use a Short Message Service to achieve control and monitoring through a GSM cellular mobile phone for remote use anytime and anywhere.
Abnormal regulation of HGP by hyperglycemia in mice with a disrupted glucokinase allele (1997)

Glucokinase (GK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose in beta-cells and hepatocytes, and mutations in the GK gene have been implicated in a form of human diabetes. To investigate the relative role of partial deficiencies in the hepatic vs. pancreatic GK activity, we examined insulin secretion, glucose disposal, and hepatic glucose production (HGP) in response to hyperglycemia in transgenic mice 1) with one disrupted GK allele, which manifest decreased GK activity in both liver and beta-cells (GK+/-), and 2) with decreased GK activity selectively in beta-cells (RIP-GKRZ). Liver GK activity was decreased by 35-50% in the GK+/- but not in the RIP-GKRZ compared with wild type (WT) mice. Hyperglycemic clamp studies were performed in conscious mice with or without concomitant pancreatic clamp. In all studies [3-(3)H]glucose was infused to measure the rate of appearance of glucose and HGP during 80 min of euglycemia (Glc approximately 5 mM) followed by 90 min of hyperglycemia (Glc approximately 17 mM). During hyperglycemic clamp studies, steady-state plasma insulin concentration, rate of glucose infusion, and rate of glucose disappearance (Rd) were decreased in both GK+/- and RIP-GKRZ compared with WT mice. However, whereas the basal HGP (at euglycemia) averaged approximately 22 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) in all groups, during hyperglycemia HGP was suppressed by only 48% in GK+/- compared with approximately 70 and 65% in the WT and RIP-GKRZ mice, respectively. During the pancreatic clamp studies, the ability of hyperglycemia per se to increase Rd was similar in all groups. However, hyperglycemia inhibited HGP by only 12% in GK+/-, vs. 42 and 45%, respectively, in the WT and RIP-GKRZ mice. We conclude that, although impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion is common to both models of decreased pancreatic GK activity, the marked impairment in the ability of hyperglycemia to inhibit HGP is due to the specific decrease in hepatic GK activity.