gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bresenham's algorithm with Grey scale (1980)

The control parameter in Bresenham's algorithm, when interpreted as a measure of distance from a straight line boundary, gives a weighted average of the intensities on each side of the line. This can be used to produce an aesthetically pleasing visual effect with modern display devices.
Spray rendering: Visualization using smart particles (1993)

We propose a new framework for doing scientific visualization. The basis for this framework is a combination of particle systems and behavioral animation. Here, particles are not only affected by the field that they are in, but can also exhibit different programmed behaviors. An intuitive delivery system, based on virtual cans of spray paint, is also described to introduce the smart particles into the data set. Hence the name spray rendering. Using this metaphor, different types of spray paint are used to highlight different features in the data set. Spray rendering offers several advantages over existing methods: (1) it generalizes the current techniques of surface, volume and flow visualization under one coherent framework; (2) it works with regular and irregular grids as well as sparse and dense data sets; (3) it allows selective progressive refinement; (4) it is modular, extensible and provides scientists with the flexibility for exploring relationships in their data sets in natural and artistic ways. >
Analysing the potential of adapting head-mounted eye tracker calibration to a new user (2012)

A key issue with state-of-the-art mobile eye trackers, particularly during long-term recordings in daily life, is the need for cumbersome and time consuming (re)calibration. To reduce this burden, in this paper we investigate the feasibility of adapting the calibration obtained for one user to another. Calibration adaptation is automatically performed using a light-weight linear translation. We compare three different methods to compute the translation: "multi-point", where all calibration-points are used, "1-point", and "0-point" that uses only an external parameter. We evaluate these methods in a 6-participant user study in a controlled laboratory setting by measuring the error in visual angle between the predicted gaze point and the true gaze point. Our results show that, averaged across all participants, the best adapted calibration is only 0.8° (mean) off the calibration obtained for that specific user. We also show the potential of the 1-point and 0-point methods compared to the time-consuming multi-point computation.
Approximating a Sum of Random Variables with a Lognormal (2007)

A simple, novel, and general method is presented in this paper for approximating the sum of independent or arbitrarily correlated lognormal random variables (RV) by a single lognormal RV. The method is also shown to be applicable for approximating the sum of lognormal-Rice and Suzuki RVs by a single lognormal RV. A sum consisting of a mixture of the above distributions can also be easily handled. The method uses the moment generating function (MGF) as a tool in the approximation and does so without the extremely precise numerical computations at a large number of points that were required by the previously proposed methods in the literature. Unlike popular approximation methods such as the Fenton-Wilkinson method and the Schwartz-Yeh method, which have their own respective short-comings, the proposed method provides the parametric flexibility to accurately approximate different portions of the lognormal sum distribution. The accuracy of the method is measured both visually, as has been done in the literature, as well as quantitatively, using curve-fitting metrics. An upper bound on the sensitivity of the method is also provided.
Outcome of liver disease in a large cohort of histologically proven chronic hepatitis C: influence of HCV genotype (2001)

Genotype 1b was associated with a poorer prognosis, probably because it leads to cirrhosis and consequently to HCC development. However, our data did not confirm genotype 1b as an independent risk factor for HCC in liver cirrhosis, which plays a major role in carcinogenesis. Interferon should be considered as a useful strategy in cirrhosis for improvement of survival and reduction of HCC risk.
Synergism in polyethylene oxide dewatering of phosphatic clay waste (1980)

As part of research conducted in its mission to effect pollution abatement, the Bureau of Mines, US Department of the Interior, is developing a dewatering technique that allows for disposal of phosphatic clay wastes, for reuse of water now lost with clays, and for reclamation of mined land. The technique utilizes a high-molecular-weight nonionic polyethylene oxide polymer (PEO) that has the ability to flocculate and dewater phosphatic clay wastes. A synergistic flocculation study was made to determine whether a portion of PEO could be replaced by other reagents. Several groups of reagents were tested: (1) those that increased the zeta potential of the phosphatic clay wastes; (2) those capable of hydrogen bonding; and (3) those which flocculated the phosphatic clay waste. Reduction in PEO consumption occurred only with addition of those reagents able to flocculate the slime. The use of natural guar gums resulted in a lower PEO requirement and also yielded a dewatered product of higher solids content, 43 to 45%, versus 33 to 35% obtained with PEO alone.
Photosynthetic Efficiency and Phytochrome Photoequilibria Determination Using Spectral Data (1988)

ABSTRACT SPECTRAL data provides the information to quantify the photosynthetic and morphogenic responses of plants to a specific radiation environment. The mathematical products of spectral data with photosynthetic quantum yield and phytochrome photochemical cross-sections were used as indicators of the photosynthetic efficiency and phytochrome photostationary state determined by a radiation source.
Polarization Studies in the Vacuum Ultraviolet* (1965)

A method is presented, well suited to the ultraviolet region, for determining the degree of polarization produced by a polarizer at a given wavelength and for determining the polarization introduced by a grating monochromator. An analysis is made of the degree of polarization required by a polarizer for use in optical studies to determine, for example, the reflectance of a surface for light of parallel or perpendicular polarization. Data are given in the spectral region 500 to 1300 Å for gold and silver reflection-type polarizers and for a grating used in the Seya geometry.
A communication optimization for conservative interactive simulators (2006)

We are using an augmented stop-and-wait protocol to support interactive simulation in FreeMMG, our partially decentralized support model for state-persistent and massively distributed real-time strategy games. In this letter we briefly present FreeMMG and then evaluate an optimization to stop-and-wait that gradually reduces update frequencies of some participant simulators when input inactivity is detected. We performed simulations of a FreeMMG network in ns-2 with 500 clients, each client running up to 9 simultaneous simulators, where a single simulator is one subscribed area of the game world. Experiments show a 29,5% reduction in communication between clients when the optimization is enabled
Higher Real Estate Risk and Mixed-Asset Portfolio Performance (1997)

Executive Summary. It has been more than a decade since researchers first raised the spectre of smoothing for appraisal-based real estate return series, suggesting that real estate risk had been grossly underestimated. Since that time, a number of studies have presented evidence which argued that, even with significant additional risk, real estate still offered investors substantial diversification benefits.Unlike earlier studies, which constructed only a few isolated optimal portfolios and measured the effect of higher real estate risk on portfolio composition, this study constructs full efficient frontiers and directly measures the impact of higher real estate risk on mean-variance performance at all levels of investor risk preference.The results indicate that additional real estate risk of a magnitude consistent with rational appraiser behavior can have a negative impact on mixed-asset portfolio performance. For investors with a low-risk tolerance the higher levels of real estate risk can eliminate all real estate diversification benefits.
Antennas and Propagation for Body Centric Communications (2006)

Body centric wireless communication is now accepted as an important part of 4th generation (and beyond) mobile communications systems, taking the form of human to human networking incorporating wearable sensors and communications. There are also a number of body centric communication systems for specialized occupations, such as paramedics and fire-fighters, military personnel and medical sensing and support. To support these developments there is considerable ongoing research into antennas and propagation for body centric communications systems, and this paper will summarise some of it, including the characterisation of the channel on the body, the optimisation of antennas for these channels, and communications to medical implants where advanced antenna design and characterisation and modelling of the internal body channel are important research needs. In all of these areas both measurement and simulation pose very different and challenging issues to be faced by the researcher.
Performance of turbo-decoded product codes used in multilevel coding (2002)

A powerful coding scheme based on multilevel coding and using a product code on the first partitioning level is proposed. The multistage decoder takes advantage of the iterative decoding of the product code to achieve a high coding gain. This coding scheme is compared to the one using the product code in a pragmatic approach with a Gray mapping. Results show that in the range of high bit error rates (BER greater than 10/sup -7/, a product code having a high code rate (R>0.8) associated with a Gray mapping is the best solution. For high transmission rate applications, in which the required BER is lower than 10/sup -7/, multilevel coding with a turbo-decoded product code is the recommended solution.
Late treatment with anti‐LFA‐1 (CD11a) antibody prevents cerebral malaria in a mouse model (1991)

CBA/Ca mice injected with Plasmodium berghei develop cerebral malaria (CM) characterized by ataxia and progressive paralysis leading to death 7-9 days after experimental infection. The development of cerebral symptoms is a function of the immune response in susceptible strains, and depends on cell-cell interactions involving T helper cells and mononuclear phagocytes. Here we ask whether antibodies to cell adhesion receptors of the immune system can influence the development of CM in this mouse model. When administrated on day 6 after infection, antibody to the leukocyte integrin leukocyte function-antigen-1 (LFA-1) but not antibodies to MAC-1, LECAM-1 (the MEL-14 antigen), alpha 4 integrin or ICAM-1 dramatically reduced the incidence of CM, leading to survival of most mice until the later onset of anemia. Anti-LFA-1 treatment did not result in a substantial decrease in the monocyte accumulation observed in cerebral vessels of susceptible mice. Its efficacy may be related to the broader roles of LFA-1 in cell-cell interactions important in the later pathogenic stages of the immune response to the parasite. Perturbation of immune cell function through interference with cell adhesion mechanisms may offer an important therapeutic tool in acute, life-threatening immune-mediated disorders.
A Study of Hanging Cases in Barpeta Distrtict (2016)

Hanging is a violent form of asphyxial death. It is widely accepted as a method of suicide due to its relative painless and rapid death. The rate of suicidal hanging cases is increasing day by day. The objective of study is to find out its demographic pattern, ligature material commonly used by the victims, post-mortem findings and to identify the causative factors. In this study of hanging cases brought for autopsy of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College and Hospital, Barpeta, Assam, during a period of one year from 1st January 2014 to31st December 2014, were included. Out of total 514 cases of post mortem done during one year, 124 (24.1) were hanging cases. Maximum cases 41 (33.1%) of death due to hanging were seen in age group 21–30 years. Majority of cases 82 (66.13) were males. Majority of victims have used rope (58 cases) as a ligature material. Cyanosis, salivary stain and petechial hemorrhage in brain were observed in variable number of cases. Keywords : Asphyxia, hanging, suicide Cite this Article Manoj Kumar Singha, Parthapratim Das, Arpan Mazumder. A Study of Hanging Cases in Barpeta Distrtict. Research & Reviews: Journal of Immunology. 2016; 6(3): 13–16p.
New Product Diffusion Models in Marketing: An Assessment of Two Approaches (1995)

Rogers&apos;s model of new product diffusion, although widely accepted in the marketing literature, has several limitations which are seldom recognised. These limitations are examined, and Rogers&apos;s approach is compared to the model of diffusion proposed by Bass. The authors conclude that Rogers&apos;s model lacks predictive validity and that its prescriptive guidelines for marketing strategy are untenable. In contrast, the Bass model has considerable predictive power and appears to be well supported by empirical evidence.
Quantum Phase Slips in Superconducting Nanowires (2001)

We have measured the resistance vs temperature of more than 20 superconducting nanowires with nominal widths ranging from 10 to 22 nm and lengths from 100 nm to 1 microm. With decreasing cross-sectional areas, the wires display increasingly broad resistive transitions. The data are in very good agreement with a model that includes both thermally activated phase slips close to T(c) and quantum phase slips (QPS) at low temperatures, but disagree with an earlier model based on a critical value of R(N)/R(q). Our measurements provide strong evidence for QPS in thin superconducting wires.
Content-based access to algebraic video (1994)

Algebraic video uses a set of basic operations on video segments to create a desired video stream. The video algebra consists of operations for temporally and spatially combining video segments, and for attaching attributes to these segments. Video streams of interest can be discovered with video queries that describe desired attributes. Unlike previous approaches, algebraic video permits video expressions to be nested in arbitrarily deep hierarchies. It also permits video segments to inherit attributes by context. Experience with a prototype algebraic video system suggests that algebraic video can be used to create new video presentations from existing video libraries with query based discovery and algebraic combination of video segments of interest.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Catalytic Properties of Pt−Ge Intermetallic Compounds in the Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene (1997)

Catalytic properties of Pt−Ge intermetallic compounds, Pt3Ge, Pt2Ge, and PtGe, were studied for the H2−D2 equilibration and the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene. Powdered Pt, Ge, and the Pt−Ge intermetallic compounds were treated with H2 at 873 K to reduce their surface oxidized in air. XPS spectra measured after the H2 treatment showed the complete reduction into Pt0 and Ge0 and the stoichiometric surface composition for all the intermetallic compounds. The valence band XPS spectra suggested the electron transfer from Ge into Pt, which was also evidenced by the positive shift in the Ge3d XPS spectra. The activity of the intermetallic compounds for H2−D2 equilibration was much lower than that of pure Pt. Their low activity for the hydrogen dissociation resulted in the low activity for the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene. On the intermetallic compounds, no butane was formed at the initial stage of the reaction. After most of 1,3-butadiene was converted into butenes, the secondary hydrogenation of butenes into butane took place very slowly because of their intrinsically low activity for the hydrogenation of butenes. The hydrogenation with a mixture of H2 and D2 showed no inhibiting effect of 1,3-butadiene and 1-butene on the H2−D2 equilibration. Kinetic studies on the hydrogenation over Pt3Ge revealed that the reaction rate was zero-order with respect to the partial pressure of hydrogen and first-order to that of 1,3-butadiene or 1-butene. The rate-determining step in the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene would be the adsorption of 1,3-butadiene. The strength of the adsorption was in the order of H2 ≫ 1,3-butadiene > 1-butene on Pt3Ge. The weaker adsorption of butenes would result in the high selectivity to butenes in the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene.
Antibacterial Peptides from Plants: What They Are and How They Probably Work (2011)

Plant antibacterial peptides have been isolated from a wide variety of species. They consist of several protein groups with different features, such as the overall charge of the molecule, the content of disulphide bonds, and structural stability under environmental stress. Although the three-dimensional structures of several classes of plant peptides are well determined, the mechanism of action of some of these molecules is still not well defined. However, further studies may provide new evidences for their function on bacterial cell wall. Therefore, this paper focuses on plant peptides that show activity against plant-pathogenic and human-pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, we describe the folding of several peptides and similarities among their three-dimensional structures. Some hypotheses for their mechanisms of action and attack on the bacterial membrane surface are also proposed.
Optimization of Smart Well Control (2002)

Abstract Downhole inflow control devices allow for the flexible operation of nonconventional wells. They provide the ability to independently control each branch of a multilateral well and can therefore be used to maximize oil production or to minimize the production of unwanted water or gas. In this paper, a method for the optimization of the operation of smart wells; i.e., wells containing downhole sensors and inflow control devices, is presented and applied. The method entails the use of a conjugate gradient optimization technique applied in conjunction with a commercial reservoir simulator that contains a detailed multisegment well model. The overall optimization technique is applied to several example problems involving different types of wells and geological models as well as multiple geostatistical realizations. The improvement in predicted performance using inflow control devices, which is as high as 65% in one case, is demonstrated for all of the examples considered. There is, however, significant variation in the level of improvement attainable using these devices, so sophisticated decision-making techniques may be required when considering their use in practice.
Smashing the Stack with Hydra: The Many Heads of Advanced Polymorphic Shellcode (2009)

Recent work on the analysis of polymorphic shellcode engines suggests that modern obfuscation methods would soon eliminate the usefulness of signature-based network intrusion detection methods and supports growing views that the new generation of shellcode cannot be accurately and efficiently represented by the string signatures which current IDS and AV scanners rely upon. In this paper, we expand on this area of study by demonstrating never before seen concepts in advanced shellcode polymorphism with a proof-of-concept engine which we call Hydra. Hydra distinguishes itself by integrating an array of obfuscation techniques, such as recursive NOP sleds and multi-layer ciphering into one system while offering multiple improvements upon existing strategies. We also introduce never before seen attack methods such as byte-splicing statistical mimicry, safe-returns with forking shellcode and syscall-time-locking. In total, Hydra simultaneously attacks signature, statistical, disassembly, behavioral and emulation-based sensors, as well as frustrates ofï¬‚ine forensics. This engine was developed to present an updated view of the frontier of modern polymorphic shellcode and provide an effective tool for evaluation of IDS systems, Cyber test ranges and other related security technologies.
Benin - Additional Financing for the National Community Driven Development (CDD) Project : resettlement plan (2004)

The National Community Driven Development Program seeks to improve living conditions, and reduce poverty, by consolidating a community development framework within the context of decentralization. In such a context, infrastructure development works will be supported to benefit communities. Land acquisition and expropriation will take place, causing potential adverse social impacts, such as to land, crops, and housing losses, including income losses. Three major objectives of the program can be summarized as follow: 1) Avoid displacement of populations or limiting their access to vital resources, and minimize the effects of relocation when displacement is unavoidable in the light of the comparative importance of overall benefits of the project; 2) Planning for resettlement in a participatory manner by the people concerned in a community development approach supported by theproject in regard to direct investments; 3) Ensuring those affected from conditions of compensation are put in a situation of quality of life at least equivalent to a situation before the implementation of the project.
Changerless peripheral angiography: a new concept. (1980)

The authors describe a new technique using the principle of rotational scanography, in which the x-ray tube is rotated through the center of the focal spot and scans the field of interest. A single primary and secondary slot system in conjunction with an 8:1 grid is used for efficient scatter removal. If the speed of blood flow is increased by reactive hyperemia and a large amount of contrast medium is injected, the abdomen to the toes can be scanned with one injection. The advantages of this technique are that a 127-cm field can be covered with a 6 degree or 12 degree target tube and without an especially high ceiling, and the film changer is eliminated. The angiograms are markedly improved because virtually all scatter is eliminated, and exposure is reduced since only one radiograph is necessary.
Tunneling Current in InGaAs and Optimum Design for InGaAs/InP Avalanche Photodiode (1980)

Breakdown voltage and dark current density in p + n and n + p In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As diodes are compared with theoretical values taking the backward tunneling current into account. Predominant origin of dark current in an InGaAs diode is attributed to the tunneling current. Using these results, optimum design of an InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode (APD) to obtain low dark current, high multiplication gain, high quantum efficiency and fast response is also discussed.