gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Materials for Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (2009)

MRAM technology is based on the storage of data in stable magnetic states using devices that have a large magnetoresistance effect, so that the data can be read by determining the resistance of the device. MRAM is inherently nonvolatile and the magnetic states can be switched extremely fast and with no wear out. In this article, we review the fundamentals of MRAM technology, explain the innovations that have overcome barriers to commercialization, and describe areas where further innovation can advance the technology most significantly. The influence of key structural and magnetic properties of materials used in magnetic tunnel junctions, and optimization of those devices for read and write performance in memory arrays, is discussed in detail. The various approaches to writing data in MRAM arrays are described and compared, with emphasis on toggle MRAM, the type that is in commercial production, and on spin-torque MRAM, which shows great promise for future improvements in power and density. In the final section, we summarize recent demonstrations of advanced MRAM technology.
Reaction of tris(perfluoralkyl)difluorophosphoranes with organolithium compounds (1987)

The authors present a convenient method for the preparation of mixed perfluoroalkyl- and -arylfluorophosphoranes, by reacting tris(perfluoroalkyl)difluorophosphoranes with organolithium compounds. Hydrolysis of these phosphoranes with the calculated amount of water affords mixed bis(perfluoroalkyl- and -aryl phosphine oxides, a much simpler method than that from the inaccessible bis(perfluoroalkyl)chlorophosphines. A complete breakdown of NMR spectral data for hydrogen 1 and phosphorus 31 is provided to confirm the method and its results.
Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach (2015)

1. Eyelids 2. Lacrimal Drainage System 3. Orbit 4. Dry Eye Disorders 5. Conjunctiva 6. Cornea 7. Corneal and Refractive Surgery 8. Episclera and Sclera 9. Lens 10. Glaucoma 11. Uveitis 12. Ocular Tumours 13. Retinal Vascular Disease 14. Acquired Macular Disorders 15. Hereditary Fundus Dystrophies 16. Retinal Detachment 17. Vitreous Opacities 18. Strabismus 19. Neuro-ophthalmology 20. Ocular side-effects of systemic medication 21. Trauma Index
MajorCool: A Web Interface to Majordomo (1996)

Majordomo is a popular mailing list manager and auto-responder that is administered via embedded e-mail commands. The mail-based command structure and side-effects introduced by the behavior of certain mail agents can sometimes cause problems for novice users. By its very design, Majordomo has always lacked a GUI tool to help simplify its usage for non-power users. However, with the World Wide Web providing the perfect foundation, it may be an appropriate time for just such an application.

MajorCool is a CGI application that provides Majordomo mailing list configuration and subscriber management via WWW. Unlike other Web-to-mailinglist interfaces currently available, MajorCool is uniquely different. It supports administrative as well as end-user functions, and, rather than simply generating e-mail requests, interacts directly with Majordomo files wherever possible. Developed for Majordomo 1.93, MajorCool was written in Perl 4.036 and has been successfully implemented under NCSA httpd 1.4 and 1.5.
The Morphological Development of West African Seaports (1970)

In West Africa port development is of vital concern to the thirteen states and one remaining colonial territory into which it is divided, as much to the three landlocked countries as to those with a coastline. This is for two reasons. Communications across the landward boundaries of West Africa are so poor and difficult that trade is negligible. Secondly, all West African countries are dependent on overseas trade for sustaining their ambitious programmes of economic and social development. Apart from any direct foreign aid, it is by the expansion of exports that they can finance the imports of capital goods and other commodities, such as cement, metal products and petroleum, needed to equip and sustain the expanding infrastructure and manufacturing industries. Thus the period since 1945 has been characterised by a marked increase in the tonnage of bulky raw materials exported and an even more spectacular increase in the volume of imports.
Running Microsoft Windows 95 with Cdrom (1995)

From the Publisher:
Easy-to-follow step-by-step instructions, real-world examples, screen illustrations, and expert tips show you how to use Windows 95 in the most efficient way possible. Running Microsoft Windows 95 also contains valuable software on CD-ROM.
Experience Level: Beginner/ Intermediate
Saha-Langmuir surface ionization relation. (1965)

Ion production rate in cesium thermionic converter related to Saha-Langmuir surface ionization equation
Ehrlich chromogens, probably cross-links, in elastin and collagen (1987)

Conference Article| August 01 1987 Ehrlich chromogens, probably cross-links, in elastin and collagen P. D. KEMP; P. D. KEMP 1Chemical Morphology, Cell and Structural Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. E. SCOTT J. E. SCOTT 1Chemical Morphology, Cell and Structural Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1987) 15 (4): 711. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0150711 Article history Received: November 14 1986 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation P. D. KEMP, J. E. SCOTT; Ehrlich chromogens, probably cross-links, in elastin and collagen. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1987; 15 (4): 711. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0150711 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: EC, Erlich chromogen This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Biochemical Society1987 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Mining friendships through spatial-temporal features in mobile social networks (2015)

With the rapid popularization of smartphones and tablets, there are thousands of applications based on mobile social networks. The big data from these networks provide a huge potential to shed light on the mobility patterns of users. These big data enable a deeper understanding of users' preferences and behaviors and will help us mine users' friendship in both physical and digital worlds. In this paper, we firstly divide user mobility patterns into different categories to portray the characteristics of user encounter more precisely. Then, with combining proximity data from bluetooth devices and location data from cellular towers, we introduce a set of spatial-temporal features, including the encounter entropy, which measures the probability of encounters between different mobile users. Using these spatial-temporal features, we provide a novel model to infer user friendship by analyzing the social context of users and their encounters. To address the class imbalance problem in the dataset and improve the prediction accuracy of friendship, we employ the sampling method and evaluate our model with three different classifiers. The experimental results show that our encounter entropy feature has a striking effect to infer user friendship, and our model based on these spatial-temporal features can achieve pretty good accuracy in predicting friendship over real human mobility traces without privacy-sensitive information disclosure.
Human embryonic kidney cells: stable transformation with an origin-defective simian virus 40 DNA and use as hosts for human papovavirus replication. (1984)

An origin-defective mutant DNA of simian virus 40 immortalized human embryonic kidney cells, maintaining a T protein which could function for human papovavirus BK DNA replication but not for human papovavirus JC DNA replication. Neither BK virions nor capsid proteins were produced in these cells. This may indicate that the simian virus 40 T protein in human embryonic kidney cells is competent for maintaining transformation and initiating and completing DNA replication for BK but is not competent for switching to late gene functions. Furthermore, it appears that the JC DNA replication origin cannot efficiently use the simian virus 40 T protein for its DNA synthesis, as suggested by its DNA sequence data (R. Frisque, J. Virol. 46:170-176, 1983; T. Miyamura, H. Jikoya, E. Soeda, and K. Yoshiike, J. Virol. 45:73-79, 1983).
Cholecystokinin type B receptor antagonist PD-136,450 is a partial secretory agonist in the stomach and a full agonist in the pancreas of the rat. (1994)

Gastrin (cholecystokinin type B (CCK-B)) receptor antagonists may help to elucidate the physiological role of gastrin, have therapeutic potential as acid antisecretory drugs, and may be of use as adjuvant therapy for gastrin sensitive tumours. In binding studies, the gastrin receptor antagonist PD-136,450 had at least 1000 fold greater affinity for gastrin (CCK-B) than CCK-A receptors. In this study the biological activity of PD-136,450 was evaluated in conscious and anaesthetised rats. PD-136,450 antagonised gastrin stimulated acid secretion after subcutaneous (IC50: 0.28 mumol/kg; conscious rats) and intravenous (IC50: 0.17 mumol/kg; anaesthetised rats) administration. In basal secreting fistula animals, the compound stimulated acid output to 30 (5)% of the maximal response to gastrin. Stimulant activity was not caused by gastrin release. As an agonist PD-136,450 was about 350 times less potent than gastrin-17 on a molar basis. In addition, PD-136,450 was a powerful agonist of pancreatic secretion in anaesthetised rats. The specific gastrin antagonist L-365,260 inhibited the (partial) agonist activity of PD-136,450 in the stomach and the specific CCK-A receptor antagonist L-364,718 inhibited the agonist activity of PD-136,450 in the pancreas. It is concluded that the agonist effect of PD-136,450 is mediated via interaction with the gastrin (CCK-B) receptor in the stomach and the CCK-A receptor in the pancreas.
A Biomechanical Comparison of 2 Techniques of Footprint Reconstruction for Rotator Cuff Repair: The SwiveLock‐FiberChain Construct Versus Standard Double‐Row Repair (2008)

The SwiveLock-FiberChain system's combination of strength, self-reinforcement, and decreased operating time may offer advantages to the surgeon, particularly when dealing with older patients in whom poor tissue quality and total operative time are important considerations.
On the use of adaptive threshold detection in optical wireless communication systems (2002)

This paper analyses the merits of adaptive threshold detection (ATD) over fixed threshold detection (FTD) as a means to reduce the impact of ambient shot noise on wireless infrared communication links. Original analytic details are provided to allow for an accurate sensitivity account of an optical wireless receiver that employs either ATD or FTD. Proposals towards the implementation of adaptive threshold detection are outlined with considerations on their respective benefits and drawbacks.
Oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk: the role of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase and its genetic variants (2005)

Several risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) induce atherosclerosis through endothelial activation and dysfunction, and ample evidence now suggests that the balance between production and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) - a condition termed oxidative stress - is implicated in such processes. A main source of ROS in vascular cells is the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) oxidase system. This is a membrane-associated enzyme, composed of five subunits, catalyzing the one-electron reduction of oxygen, using NADH or NADPH as the electron donor. One of the system subunits, termed p22-phox, has a polymorphic site on exon 4, associated with variable enzyme activity. This polymorphism is generated by a point mutation (C(242)T) producing a substitution of histidine with tyrosine at position 72, which affects one of the heme binding sites essential for the NAD(P)H enzyme activity. The consequent decrease of superoxide production thus characterizes a phenotype candidate for conferring to the carrier a reduced susceptibility to CAD. At present, however, the body of evidence from current literature is not yet sufficient to confirm or exclude the hypothesis that the C(242)T polymorphism protects from CAD. The functional effects of this polymorphism and the potential and its pathophysiological consequences also need further investigation.
Suppression of syntheses of high molecular weight nonmuscle tropomyosins in macrophages (1995)

In mouse fibroblasts, at least five TM isoforms are identified and they can be grouped into the high (TM1, TM2, and TM3) and low molecular weight TM isoforms (TM4 and TM5). Suppression of one of the high molecular weight tropomyosin (TM) isoforms in nonmuscle cells is implicated to be one of the causes for disorganization of actin microfilament bundles and subsequent changes in cell motility and cell shape. In this study, we studied the expression of tropomyosin isoforms in macrophages that exhibit high motility and ability to change cell shape. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by Western blot analysis using polyclonal anti-TM antiserum revealed that the high molecular weight TM isoforms were lacking in both resident and activated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Analyses of newly synthesized TM isoforms, Northern blot analyses using isoform-specific cDNA probes, and immunostaining with monoclonal anti-TM antibody that recognizes only the high molecular weight TM isoforms also demonstrated that the syntheses of the high molecular weight TM isoforms (TM1, TM2, and TM3) were completely suppressed, whereas the low molecular weight TM isoforms (TM4 and TM5) were expressed in macrophages. These results indicate that macrophages intrinsically lack the high molecular weight TM isoforms. In order to obtain information about cellular localization of the low molecular weight TM isoforms in macrophages, they were immunostained with polyclonal anti-TM antiserum that recognizes both the high and low molecular weight TM isoforms. The results showed that the low molecular weight TM isoforms were co-localized with F-actin in punctate and short fibrous structures. In addition, we performed in situ hybridization analysis to examine localizations of the TM mRNAs in fibroblasts and macrophages. The results showed that TM mRNAs were localized throughout the cytoplasm.
Survival Analysis: A Practical Approach. (1996)

Preface to the First Edition. Preface to the Second Edition. Chapter 1: Introduction and Review of Statistical Concepts. Chapter 2: Survival Curves. Chapter 3: Comparison of Survival Curves. Chapter 4: Parametric Modelling. Chapter 5: Cox's Proportional Hazards Model. Chapter 6: Selecting Variables within a Cox Model. Chapter 7: Extensions of the Cox Model. Chapter 8: Prognostic Indices. Chapter 9: Sample Sizes. Chapter 10: Further Topics. References. Statistical Tables. Index.
Modeling and mitigation of jitter in high-speed source-synchronous interchip communication systems (2004)

Jitter significantly limits the maximum achievable data rates (MADR) over high-speed source-synchronous I/O links. In this paper, we present a simple model that comprehends transmitter and receiver jitter in a source-synchronous I/O link. We show that the channel can have a significant impact on transmit jitter at high data rates, resulting in 1.1X-3.8X jitter amplification for typical cases. We quantify the performance degradation of transmit/receive equalization and multilevel modulation schemes, due to jitter in high-speed I/O links. We present two design techniques to mitigate the effect of jitter on performance-transmission of a slower source-synchronous clock, and jitter equalization. Both techniques can improve MADR by 13% when signaling over a 20" FR4 channel.
Fractal Nanoparticle Plasmonics: The Cayley Tree (2015)

There has been strong, ongoing interest over the past decade in developing strategies to design and engineer materials with tailored optical properties. Fractal-like nanoparticles and films have long been known to possess a remarkably broad-band optical response and are potential nanoscale components for realizing spectrum-spanning optical effects. Here we examine the role of self-similarity in a fractal geometry for the design of plasmon line shapes. By computing and fabricating simple Cayley tree nanostructures of increasing fractal order N, we are able to identify the principle behind how the multimodal plasmon spectrum of this system develops as the fractal order is increased. With increasing N, the fractal structure acquires an increasing number of modes with certain degeneracies: these modes correspond to plasmon oscillations on the different length scales inside a fractal. As a result, fractals with large N exhibit broad, multipeaked spectra from plasmons with large degeneracy numbers. The Cayley tree serves as an example of a more general, fractal-based route for the design of structures and media with highly complex optical line shapes.
Considerations in the Use of Coplanar Waveguide for Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits (1986)

Using a full-wave analysis, coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line is compared to microstrip in terms of conductor loss, dispersion, and radiation into parasitic modes. It is shown that, on a standard 0.1-mm semiconductor at 60 GHz, the dimensions of CPW can be chosen to give better results in terms of conductor loss and dispersion than microstrip. A calculation of parasitic mode generation is presented for CPW on a semiconductor for an open substrate, for a substrate suspended above a ground plane, and for substrates separated from a ground plane by quartz.
Microstructure and Mechanical Tests of AlNiMnZnCu High Entropy Alloys (2014)

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are a newly developed family of multi-component alloys composed of several major alloying elements, such as copper, nickel, aluminum, cobalt, chromium, iron, silicon, titanium, etc. The fact that HEA alloys is formed participation molar is approximately equal with at least five elements, entropy configuration is double that of binary systems, entitles us to call them "high entropy alloys'. Recent studies suggested that the refractory HEAs exhibited great promise for high temperature structural materials. This alloy can be processed and analyzed as an ordinary material AlNiMnZnCu high-entropy alloys are prepared by an induction furnace. The microstructure and properties of alloy samples were examined by SEM and testing machine for obtained materials. Mechanical tests were made with a INSTRON 3382 machine.
Acylamino‐1.2.4‐dithiazolinthione aus Xanthanwasserstoff und Acylchloriden (1972)

Abstract Xanthanwasserstoff ( 1 ) reagiert in Pyridin mit Acylchloriden zu 3‐Acylamino‐1.2.4‐dithiazolinthionen 3 . Die IR‐Spektren dieser Verbindungen werden beschrieben.
Stress dependent low-frequency electrical noise in carbon fibers (1992)

Low-frequency (10–60 Hz) electrical noise has been measured for the first time in carbon fibers while they were subjected to tensile stress. The measurements were performed at room temperature. In all the fibers, a minimum in the noise was observed with applied stress. Low-modulus ex-PAN (polyacrylonitrile) fibers showed three times the increase in noise at the highest stress compared to the higher modulus fiber. Measurements were also made on vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCFs) both as-grown and annealed. The highly graphitized VGCF showed the smallest increase in the noise with stress among the fibers studied. Our noise results can be related to the microstructure of the fibers. The fiber microstructure becomes better aligned with applied stress. Therefore, the noise would be expected to decrease. Our results, however, indicate that stress dependent noise in these fibers is caused by a combination of parameters such as fibril alignment and electronic characteristics.
House dust mite potentiates capsaicin‐evoked Ca<sup>2+</sup>transients in mouse pulmonary sensory neurons via activation of protease‐activated receptor‐2 (2011)

House dust mite (HDM) is a major source of allergen in house dust and has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether HDM can modulate the sensitivity of pulmonary sensory neurons and, if so, to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Fura-2-based ratiometric Ca(2+) imaging was carried out to determine the effect of HDM extract on the capsaicin-evoked Ca(2+) transient in mouse vagal pulmonary sensory neurons. Pretreatment with HDM (50 μg ml(-1), 5 min) significantly enhanced the Ca(2+) transient evoked by capsaicin in these neurons isolated from wild-type mice. This potentiating effect of HDM was not antagonized by E-64, a selective cysteine protease inhibitor, but was completely prevented by AEBSF, a specific serine protease inhibitor. In addition, the potentiating effect of HDM on capsaicin-evoked Ca(2+) transient was absent in the pulmonary sensory neurons isolated from protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)) knockout mice. Furthermore, the sensitizing effect of HDM was completely abolished by U73122, a phosholipase C inhibitor, or chelerythrine, a protein kinase C inhibitor. In summary, our results demonstrate that HDM, mainly through its serine protease activity, potentiates capsaicin-evoked Ca(2+) transient in mouse pulmonary sensory neurons via the activation of PAR(2) and the phosholipase C-protein kinase C intracellular transduction cascade.
Effect of Water on Viscosity and Shear-Thickening Behavior of Telechelic Ionomers in Nonpolar Solvents (1998)

Quantitative effects of water on the viscosity and rheology of magnesium- and sodium-neutralized dicarboxy-terminated polybutadiene in toluene are reported. A change in the water concentration from 50 to 500 ppm led to a viscosity decrease of 2 orders of magnitude for solutions near the gel concentration. Because of the hygroscopic nature of ionomer solutions, rheological experiments were conducted in a humidity-free environment. The dynamic measurements show that the viscosity reduction is related to a reduction in both the plateau modulus and the terminal relaxation time. The magnitude of shear-thickening decreases and the onset of shear-thickening shifts to higher shear rates with increasing water content.
WHIRLING DISEASE (Myxosoma cerebralis): CONTROL WITH ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION AND EFFECT ON FISH (1975)

Water contaminated by Myxosoma cerebralis was disinfected with ultraviolet irradiation to control whirling disease. Irradiation at 18,000 microwatt seconds/cm2 (MWS/cm2) reduced infectivity of M. cerebralis by 31-86% and 27,650 MWS/cm2 reduced infectivity by 86-100%, even in the presence of a small amount of silt.