gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanomagnetic route to bias-magnet-free, on-chip Faraday rotators (2005)

The miniaturization of Faraday rotator elements is of interest in optical telecommunications for the production of small isolator components. Here we discuss the fabrication of bias-magnet-free-waveguide Faraday rotators for ultrasmall planar device applications. Photonic-crystal structures on magnetic films can yield a significant enhancement in magneto-optic rotation efficiency and an overall reduction in device dimensions. By introducing single-domain magnetic nanoparticles as defects in the photonic bandgap, we show that one can maintain a high degree of coercivity in the Faraday rotator, thus obviating the need for external magnets. We present a theoretical discussion of the formation of single-domain particles in magnetic garnet films, their reversal field characteristics, and the waveguide properties and magneto-optic response of photonic crystals with single-domain defects.
Expression and sequence of outer surface protein C among North American isolates of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (1994)

The expression of outer surface protein C (OspC) was determined for North American Borrelia burgdorferi isolates HB19, DN127cl9-2, 25015 and both low and high culture passage B31. A monoclonal antibody detected the presence of OspC protein in only two isolates, while polyclonal antiserum identified this protein in all five isolates. The ospC gene was cloned and sequenced for isolates HB19, DN127cl9-2 and 25015, and compared with the published ospC sequences of other Lyme disease spirochetes. Both the nucleotide and amino acid sequences were found to vary as much among isolates from the same geographic area as between isolates of different species.
Three-axis atomic magnetometer based on spin precession modulation (2015)

We demonstrate a three-axis atomic magnetometer with one intensity-modulated pump beam and one orthogonal probe beam. The main field component is measured using the resonance of the pumping light, while the transverse field components are measured simultaneously using the optical rotation of the probe beam modulated by the spin precession. It is an all-optical magnetometer without using any modulation field or radio frequency field. Magnetic field sensitivity of 0.8 pT/Hz1∕2 is achieved under a bias field of 2 μT.
Toward 99% Efficiency for Transistor Inverters (1996)

Developments in power switching devices have been made toward reducing the conduction drop and improving the switching characteristics, in order to meet the demanding requirements for high efficiency. On the other hand, many efforts have been made to reduce the switching losses. Since bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) have the lowest on-state drops among those existing semiconductor switches with turn-off capability, BJTs are most suitable for realizing inverters of high efficiency at power levels under a few hundred kVA. However in the Darlington structure, there is higher on-state drop due to the driver transistors. It is therefore important to reduce the on-state drop in order to realize high efficiency with the Darlington transistors. In this article, two methods are proposed to greatly reduce their on-state drops. Firstly, a base drive circuit is presented that provides a direct drive to the output transistor of a Darlington transistor rather than through its driver transistors. To eliminate the disadvantage related to the direct base drive, an on-state drop cancellation method is then proposed, in which a DC voltage source is inserted in series with the driver transistor of a Darlington transistor to offset its on-state drop.
Nucleotide sequence binding specificity of the LexA repressor of Escherichia coli K-12 (1985)

The specificity of LexA protein binding was investigated by quantifying the repressibility of several mutant recA and lexA operator-promoter regions fused to the Escherichia coli galactokinase (galK) gene. The results of this analysis indicate that two sets of four nucleotides, one set at each end of the operator (terminal-nucleotide contacts), are most critical for repressor binding. In addition, our results suggest that the repressor-operator interaction is symmetric in nature, in that mutations at symmetrically equivalent positions in the recA operator have comparable effects on repressibility. The symmetry of this interaction justified reevaluation of the consensus sequence by half-site comparison, which yielded the half-site consensus (5')CTGTATAT. Although the first four positions of this sequence were most important, the last four were well conserved among binding sites and appeared to modulate repressor affinity. The role of the terminal-nucleotide contacts and the mechanism by which the internal sequences affected repressor binding are discussed.
Cheese Coffee and Caries (2012)

Whereas research into the causes of dental decay has focused on the harmful relationship between dental plaque bacteria and foods, studies into the protective effects of foods have been infrequent and limited in number. Recent investigations showed that coffee and cheese could reduce the effects of metabolic acids, and could help restore the enamel that is lost during eating. Postulated mechanisms involve buffering, salivary stimulation, reduction of bacterial adhesion, reduction of enamel demineralization, and/or promotion of remineralization by casein and ionizable Ca and P. Given this information, consumers may be motivated to use coffee and cheese to reduce, or reverse the cariogenic effects of many other foods.
Characterization of dynamic nonlinearity in ADCs using wavelet networks (2009)

Dynamic nonlinear effects in the track-and-hold circuit contribute significantly to distortion in analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). This paper proposes a model for the characterization of non-linear dynamic effects of a T/H-ADC device by employing a mathematical approach based on wavelet networks (WN). Method effectiveness is demonstrated by validating the model on ADS5483, a 16-bit, 135 MSPS ADC from Texas Instruments. The proposed model is able to predict the harmonic distortion of the ADC in the first three Nyquist zones, at all amplitudes ranging from -1 dbFS to -45 dBFS.
From Molecular to Nanotechnology Strategies for Delivery of Neurotrophins: Emphasis on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) (2013)

Neurodegenerative diseases represent a major public health problem, but beneficial clinical treatment with neurotrophic factors has not been established yet. The therapeutic use of neurotrophins has been restrained by their instability and rapid degradation in biological medium. A variety of strategies has been proposed for the administration of these leading therapeutic candidates, which are essential for the development, survival and function of human neurons. In this review, we describe the existing approaches for delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is the most abundant neurotrophin in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Biomimetic peptides of BDNF have emerged as a promising therapy against neurodegenerative disorders. Polymer-based carriers have provided sustained neurotrophin delivery, whereas lipid-based particles have contributed also to potentiation of the BDNF action. Nanotechnology offers new possibilities for the design of vehicles for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. Recent developments in nanoscale carriers for encapsulation and transport of BDNF are highlighted.
Simulation attacks manufacturing challenges (2014)

All during the past half-century, the environment of computing applications has evolved from large, comparatively slow mainframes with storage small and expensive by today's standards to desktops, laptops, cloud computing, fast computation, graphical capabilities, and capacious flash drives carried in pocket or purse. All this time, discrete-event process simulation has steadily grown in power, ease of application, availability of expertise, and breadth of applications to business challenges in manufacturing, supply chain operations, health care, call centers, retailing, transport networks, and more. Manufacturing applications were among the first, and are now among the most frequent and most beneficial, applications of simulation. In this paper, the road, from newcomer to simulation in manufacturing to contented beneficiary of its regular and routine use, is mapped and signposted.
Platinated DNA as Precursors to Templated Chains of Metal Nanoparticles (2001)

A material for DNA-based nanoelectronic devices is presented by the authors in the form of colloidal Pt/DNA composites obtained by chemical reduction of platinated DNA with sodium borohydride. The Pt particles can be enlarged by treating the composites with an electroless plating solution. The Figure shows Pt/DNA subjected to the plating process and deposited on mica.
Approaches to the synthesis of modified taxols (1986)

Investigation on the synthesis of the C-13 side chain of taxol was carried out in order to prepare modified taxol derivatives by coupling of the side chain acid chloride to a suitably protected baccatin III. The side chain was prepared by the Darzens condensation. Acylation of baccatin III was performed with simple acylating agents and extensive studies of the ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra of various acylbaccatins III were carried out aided by homonuclear and heteronuclear COSY experiments. This work led to the unambiguous assignment of the ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra of these compounds. Coupling of more bulky side chains to 7-(2,2,2-trichloroethyloxycarbonyl) baccatin III was difficult and yields were poor. Conventional methods, using triethylamine or pyridine with 4-dimethylaminopyridine in the coupling reaction of 3- phenylpropanoyl chloride and 7-(2,2,2-trichloroethyloxycarbonyl) baccatin III led to the desired coupled product in low yield together with two coupled compounds possessing more than one phenylpropanoyl group on the C-13 side chain. When the coupling reaction was performed in the presence of silver cyanide in refluxing toluene, only 13-(3-phenylpropanoyl) baccatin III was obtained. However, these two methods were not successful in the coupling reaction of 2-acetyl-3- phenyllactyl chlorlde with 7-(2,2,2-trichloroethyloxycarbonyl) baccatin III. Preliminary studies on the cleavage of the N-acyl group at the C-3' position of taxol and cephalomannine were performed. Taxol reacted with zinc bromide in chloroform-methanol solution to produce 10- deacetyl-7-epitaxol and 10-deacetyltaxol. No cleavage of the N-acyl group was detected in this case and in other reactions in which taxol was treated with various selective reagents. Other attempts involved the conversion of cephalomannine to its ozonolysis products with a pyruvyl group at the 3’-NH group. A method of cleavage of the N-pyruvyl group has not yet been found, however.
Deep wet etching of borosilicate glass using an anodically bonded silicon substrate as mask (1997)

Deep wet etching of borosilicate glass using an anodically bonded silicon substrate as mask is presented. Depths of m or more can be achieved very easily. The structured glass wafer can be bonded anodically on the same side to another silicon wafer, after having removed the bonded silicon mask. A lateral underetching 1.5 times larger than the depth was measured. An application using this masking technique is also presented. It consists of using the anodically bonded frame of a resonant silicon structure as a mask for deep glass etching to increase the gap between the glass wall and the resonator, thus yielding a high Q-factor.
In-flight entertainment: the sky's the limit (2000)

Microprocessors and miniaturized components, which have filtered into so many aspects of daily life, are now poised to sweep through passenger planes, leaving a plethora of high-tech amenities in their wake. Travelers will soon enjoy audio and video on demand, along with in-seat movies, video games, catalog shopping, phones and faxing, e-mail and Internet access. Airliners will provide a complete home entertainment system and mobile office for each passenger seat.
SAMBA, a plant-specific anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome regulator is involved in early development and A-type cyclin stabilization (2012)

The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a large multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of key cell cycle regulatory proteins, including the destruction of mitotic cyclins at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Despite its importance, the role of the APC/C in plant cells and the regulation of its activity during cell division remain poorly understood. Here, we describe the identification of a plant-specific negative regulator of the APC/C complex, designated SAMBA. In Arabidopsis thaliana, SAMBA is expressed during embryogenesis and early plant development and plays a key role in organ size control. Samba mutants produced larger seeds, leaves, and roots, which resulted from enlarged root and shoot apical meristems, and, additionally, they had a reduced fertility attributable to a hampered male gametogenesis. Inactivation of SAMBA stabilized A2-type cyclins during early development. Our data suggest that SAMBA regulates cell proliferation during early development by targeting CYCLIN A2 for APC/C-mediated proteolysis.
Interactive nonlinear optimization-based method for correcting the pin probe position in printed circuit board electrical inspections (2014)

Pin probe inspection methods have been widely used in printed circuit board electrical inspection. Due to the miniaturization of electronic devices, the positioning of inspection jig (called probe jig) is very important for precisely conducting pattern tests of wiring on PCBs. This article newly develops a probe jig position correction algorithm that automatically calculates optimal correction amounts of a probe jig through interactive processes between an operator and the system. In the proposed method, optimal correction amounts of a probe jig are calculated by nonlinear programming techniques. The proposed algorithm is installed into real PCB inspection machines. It is shown that the proposed method significantly reduces the setup time for PCB inspections.
Newspaper Opinion and Crime in Boston (1938)

Among the barometers of public opinion, the press is undoubtedly one of the oldest and most widely used. Though a private enterprise, the newspaper is looked upon as a quasi-public institution and is vested with many of the characteristics of a public utility. It exercises the dual function of mirroring and moulding public opinion. The amount of space given to crime news is indicative of the tremendous popular interest in such accounts. This study does not purpose to go into the relationship between the reporting of crime news and crime itself, but it is interesting to note that there has been within the past few years considerable reaction to the manner in which the press handles crime. Indeed, the role of the press has become so involved in criminal justice that the American Bar Association has seen it as a threat to the
Fatal Epstein-Barr-Virus-Associated Proliferation of Donor B Cells After Treatment of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease with a Murine Anti-T-Cell Antibody (1984)

Two patients with acute leukemia were treated with chemoradiotherapy and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Despite the prophylactic use of methotrexate after grafting, both patients developed severe graft-versus-host disease that was refractory to treatment with methylprednisolone. The graft-versus-host disease was then treated with a monoclonal antibody, 64.1, that reacts with a p19 antigen on human T cells. The disease responded dramatically to this treatment, but both patients subsequently developed a fatal polyclonal lymphoproliferative disorder arising in donor-derived B cells. Hybridization studies showed Epstein-Barr virus in both tumors. The combined effect of severe end-stage graft-versus-host disease and potent immunosuppressive therapy probably resulted in a progressive immunodeficiency syndrome that abrogated the T-cell-mediated surveillance mechanism that normally modulates the proliferation of Epstein-Barr-virus-infected B lymphocytes.
Gm-C biquad filter for low signal sensor applications (2016)

This paper presents a circuit topology for a G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> -C biquad filter, suitable for low frequency signals with low amplitude. The low cutoff frequencies are obtained reducing the transconductance G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> through a current division technique. Moreover, all the active devices are operating in weak inversion mode lowering the requirements for the level of the voltage power supply. A second and fourth order filter configuration, based on a Tow-Thomas biquad, is designed and simulated. The filter operates in weak inversion with a supply of 0.9V, achieves a cutoff frequency of 52Hz, and power consumption around 2.8μW. The integrated noise is 24.4μV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> , the dynamic range is 43dB, and the filter shows -40dB THD for 5mV input peak amplitude.
A review of paliperidone palmitate (2012)

Risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) was the first second-generation antipsychotic available as a long-acting injection. Paliperidone (9-hydroxyrisperidone) is the active metabolite of risperidone, introduced initially as an extended release oral (ORal Osmotic System, OROS®, Alza Corporation) formulation (Invega®, Janssen). Paliperidone long-acting injection (PLAI) has now been developed as a suspension of paliperidone palmitate nanocrystals in an aqueous formulation (Invega Sustenna®, Xeplion®), administered monthly by intramuscular injection (deltoid or gluteal). Doses of PLAI can be expressed either in milligram equivalents (mg eq) of paliperidone palmitate or in milligrams of the active fraction of paliperidone. The recommended initiation regimen of 150 mg eq (234 mg) on day 1 and 100 mg eq (156 mg) on day 8 (both administered in the deltoid) achieves therapeutic blood levels rapidly and without the necessity of oral supplementation. No refrigeration or reconstitution prior to administration is required. PLAI has been shown in to be effective in controlling the acute symptoms of schizophrenia as well as delaying time to relapse. Safety and tolerability are comparable to RLAI with no new safety signals. Thus, PLAI may represent the rational development of RLAI with greater ease of use.
Natural Language Question/Answering (2017)

The ever-increasing knowledge graphs impose an urgent demand of providing effective and easy-to-use query techniques for end users. Structured query languages, such as SPARQL, offer a powerful expression ability to query RDF datasets. However, they are difficult to use. Keywords are simple but have a very limited expression ability. Natural language question (NLQ) is promising on querying knowledge graphs. A huge challenge is how to understand the question clearly so as to translate the unstructured question into a structured query. In this paper, we present a data + oracle approach to answer NLQs over knowledge graphs. We let users verify the ambiguities during the query understanding. To reduce the interaction cost, we formalize an interaction problem and design an efficient strategy to solve the problem. We also propose a query prefetch technique by exploiting the latency in the interactions with users. Extensive experiments over the QALD dataset demonstrate that our proposed approach is effective as it outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of both precision and recall.
Sustained hepatic and renal glucose-6-phosphatase expression corrects glycogen storage disease type Ia in mice (2002)

Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, causes glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth retardation, hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, nephromegaly, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and lactic acidemia. G6Pase is an endoplasmic reticulum-associated transmembrane protein expressed primarily in the liver and the kidney. Therefore, enzyme replacement therapy is not feasible using current strategies, but somatic gene therapy, targeting G6Pase to the liver and the kidney, is an attractive possibility. Previously, we reported the development of a mouse model of G6Pase deficiency that closely mimics human GSD-Ia. Using neonatal GSD-Ia mice, we now demonstrate that a combined adeno virus and adeno-associated virus vector-mediated gene transfer leads to sustained G6Pase expression in both the liver and the kidney and corrects the murine GSD-Ia disease for at least 12 months. Our results suggest that human GSD-Ia would be treatable by gene therapy.
Use of Uptake Spraying Oil to Improve Fungicidal Activity of the Triazole Fungicide Fenbuconazole on <i>Puccinia triticina</i> and <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> Rusts of Wheat (2013)

Fenbuconazole, a broad spectrum triazole fungicide with restricted uptake and consequent redistribution within wheat plants, has been perceived to possess limited curative properties when formulated as a suspension concentrate (SC). Field and greenhouse studies demonstrated that curative and to a lesser extent protectant activity of fenbuconazole on wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) was improved by the addition of the adjuvant Uptake™ Spraying Oil (Uptake is a trademark of Dow AgroSciences). The purpose of this study was to determine if the addition of adjuvant increased penetration of fenbuconazole into wheat tissue and if this was correlated with enhanced redistribution within the plant and the observed increase in activity. These data confirm that the addition of adjuvant improved penetration of fenbuconazole into wheat leaves and was responsible for the observed increase in biological activity of the fenbuconazole suspension concentrate formulation. In addition, adjuvant decreased the amount of material washed off with water a result suggesting the potential for improved rain-fastness in the field. Fenbuconazole's fungicidal activity against cereal rusts could be limited by poor penetration into plant tissue unless a suitable adjuvant is incorporated into the spray solution. Accepted for publication 31 January 2013. Published 28 May 2013.