gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing fatty acid ethyl ester production in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> through metabolic engineering and medium optimization (2014)

Biodiesels in the form of fatty acyl ethyl esters (FAEEs) are a promising next generation biofuel due to their chemical properties and compatibility with existing infrastructure. It has recently been shown that expression of a bacterial acyl-transferase in the established industrial workhorse Saccharomyces cerevisiae can lead to production of FAEEs by condensation of fatty acyl-CoAs and ethanol. In contrast to recent strategies to produce FAEEs in S. cerevisiae through manipulation of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis or a series of arduous genetic manipulations, we introduced a novel genetic background, which is comparable in titer to previous reports with a fraction of the genetic disruption by aiming at increasing the fatty acyl-CoA pools. In addition, we combined metabolic engineering with modification of culture conditions to produce a maximum titer of over 25 mg/L FAEEs, a 40% improvement over previous reports and a 17-fold improvement over our initial characterizations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2200-2208. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Smartphone security limitations (2011)

Smartphones are becoming a dominant form of mobile computing in the United States, and more slowly, the world. The smartphone, as a platform, blends a traditional general computing platform with a specialized mobile phone platform. However, each platform comes with its own tradition of social practices and policies. The general computing tradition is historically open, allowing its owners, i.e., users and administrators, to install whatever software they choose, and to add or remove hardware as they please. The cellular tradition has historically been very tightly controlled and locked down since telecommunications networks are considered critical national infrastructure. These two competing ideals clash on the smartphone platform and this clash is exemplified by Android OS platform created by Google. The Android platform attempts to be "open" while conforming to the traditional policies of mobile phones. The conflict in philosophies between general computing platforms and mobile phones have led to fundamental limitations in the platform security of the phone. Our paper looks at these fundamental limitations and how they relate to the challenge of reconciling governance practices in use on general purpose computers and mobile phones. We also provide certain policy guidelines and platform architecture suggestions that will help create a more secure smartphone platform.
An NMR study of cyclodextrin complexes of the steroidal neuromuscular blocker drug Rocuronium Bromide (2002)

Abstract The interaction of Rocuronium Bromide, and a model steroid Org 7402, with three cyclodextrins (β‐cyclodextrin, γ‐cyclodextrin and Org 25969) was studied by solution state NMR experiments. Stoichiometries and binding constants were determined from 1 H chemical shift titrations. All of the systems formed 1 : 1 complexes. Most of the complexes were in fast exchange with unbound species on the NMR time scale, but the most tightly bound complex (Rocuronium Bromide–Org 25969) was in the slow exchange regime. The geometry of the complexes was inferred from 1 H and 13 C NMR shift changes upon complexation and from intramolecular NOE correlations. Rocuronium Bromide forms a weak complex with β‐cyclodextrin ( K a = 3.3 ± 0.5 × 10 3 M −1 ) and no clear picture of the structure of the complex emerges. The complexes with γ‐cyclodextrin ( K a = 1.8 ± 0.2 × 10 4 M −1 ) and Org 25969 ( K a > 10 5 M −1 ) are true inclusion complexes with the steroid located inside the central void of the cyclodextrin. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed system for access control to physical resources based on qualifications (2010)

This paperwork presents a distributed system required to implement a new method for the access control to physical resources, based on qualifications. It's a controlled access mechanism to be used by the employees of a company to access the inputs of certain machines, based on the qualifications (abilities) they dispose of. To get the qualifications required to apply this concept, the employees are offered modern learning possibilities.
Proposal for tunnel-field-effect-transistor as ultra-sensitive and label-free biosensors (2012)

Tunnel field-effect-transistor (TFET) based biosensor is proposed, and it is shown that they can surpass by several orders, the performance of those based on conventional FET (CFET) and hence, can potentially revolutionize the biosensing applications. Analytical formula is derived for the sensitivity and response time to provide physical insights in terms of material bandgap and operation regime of the TFET biosensor for achieving optimal results. At the same time, rigorous numerical simulations have been performed in order to obtain accurate values of sensitivity for both biomolecule and pH sensing operations. The time dependent response of the biosensors has also been discussed through analytical and numerical solutions. It is shown that while the CFET biosensors suffer from fundamental limitations on the maximum sensitivity and minimum detection time achievable, TFET biosensors, with their fundamentally different current injection mechanism in the form of band-to-band tunneling, can overcome such limitations and lead to over four orders of magnitude higher sensitivity and over an order of magnitude lower response time.
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of atmosphere with different humidity (2003)

Water, at both the liquid and gas phase, maintains a high absorption coefficient in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. As a result, a major limitation of THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) for real-world applications is water attenuation. The humidity in the atmosphere affects THz waves (T-ray) for long distance measurement and tracing materials, such as explosive materials. We measure air at various humidity and we report how humidity affects THz-TDS measurement. We also report the changes to spectrum amplitudes by measuring water vapor absorption in a vacuum chamber.
Generalized juvenile periodontitis in a thirteen-year-old child. (1991)

There have been two previous cases reported in which children with a possible history of Prepubertal Periodontitis (PP) developed Generalized Juvenile Periodontitis (GJP) in their permanent dentitions at circumpubescent ages. This paper reports a case in which an apparently healthy 13-year-old girl, whose radiographs at 6 1/2 years of age showed horizontal bone loss around the primary molars, developed GJP. Blood tests (CBC, WBC differential, fasting glucose level, serum alkaline phosphatase) and a gingival biopsy were performed to exclude possible systemic diseases that might have been associated with alveolar bone resorption. Neutrophil (PMN) chemotaxis (CX) and adhesion molecule CD11b levels were also examined. The results of these tests were all within the normal range. This case report illustrates that an apparently healthy patient with PP may develop advanced periodontitis at a circumpubescent age.
Audition via Electromagnetic Induction (1973)

Three normal and two hard-of-hearing subjects were studied using an electromagnetic induction system. A magnet attached to the tympanic membrane or ossicles served as transducer and a clinical audiometer with primary induction coil attached to the output was the energy source. The coil was placed on the patient's mastoid. Pure-tone and speech testing were performed in this manner and compared with conventional audiometry. Sound sensations produced by both methods were compared, and no differences in speech intelligibility were noted.
Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Activity of an Intravenous Human IgG Preparation in Burned Mice (1983)

A commercially available human IgG chemically modified for intravenous infusion (IGIV) was tested in burned mice for activity against eight strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An 8.7 to 9.6% full-thickness burn was made with a gas flame on the shaved backs of anesthetized mice. A suspension of P. aeruginosa in 0.5 ml saline was then injected subcutaneously in the burn site. Inocula included seven American Type Culture Collection reference strains representing the seven Fisher-Devlin-Gnabasik immunotypes plus an additional strain of immunotype 1. IGIV immunotherapy did not significantly reduce mortality in burned mice challenged with immunotypes 5 and 6 but was highly protective against immunotypes 1-4 and 7. Groups of mice challenged with these five types and treated with approximately 100 or 400 mg IGIV/kg body weight had cumulative mortality rates at 15 days ranging from 0 to 30%, versus an overall mean 84.3% mortality in human serum-albumin treated controls. IGIV was protective if given up to 12 hours after challenge. These data indicate that IGIV has significant in vivo activity against P. aeruginosa and suggest that IGIV immunotherapy may be of value in the treatment of major thermal trauma in man.
Electrical and optical properties of sputtered amorphous vanadium oxide thin films (2012)

Amorphous vanadium oxide (VOx) is a component found in composite nanocrystalline VOx thin films. These types of composite films are used as thermistors in pulsed biased uncooled infrared imaging devices when containing face centered cubic vanadium monoxide phase crystallites, and substantial fractions of amorphous material in the composite are necessary to optimize device electrical properties. Similarly, optoelectronic devices exploiting the metal-to-semiconductor transition contain the room-temperature monoclinic or high-temperature (&gt;68 °C) rutile vanadium dioxide phase. Thin films of VOx exhibiting the metal-to-semiconductor transition are typically polycrystalline or nanocrystalline, implying that significant amounts of disordered, amorphous material is present at grain boundaries or surrounding the crystallites and can impact the overall optical or electronic properties of the film. The performance of thin film material for either application depends on both the nature of the crystalline and amorphous components, and in this work we seek to isolate and study amorphous VOx. VOx thin films were deposited by pulsed dc reactive magnetron sputtering to produce amorphous materials with oxygen contents ≥2, which were characterized electrically by temperature dependent current-voltage measurements and optically characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Film resistivity, thermal activation energy, and complex dielectric function spectra from 0.75 to 6.0 eV were used to identify the impact of microstructural variations including composition and density.
Cyber security threat modeling based on the MITRE Enterprise ATT&CK Matrix (2021)

Abstract Enterprise systems are growing in complexity, and the adoption of cloud and mobile services has greatly increased the attack surface. To proactively address these security issues in enterprise systems, this paper proposes a threat modeling language for enterprise security based on the MITRE Enterprise ATT&CK Matrix. It is designed using the Meta Attack Language framework and focuses on describing system assets, attack steps, defenses, and asset associations. The attack steps in the language represent adversary techniques as listed and described by MITRE. This entity-relationship model describes enterprise IT systems as a whole; by using available tools, the proposed language enables attack simulations on its system model instances. These simulations can be used to investigate security settings and architectural changes that might be implemented to secure the system more effectively. Our proposed language is tested with a number of unit and integration tests. This is visualized in the paper with two real cyber attacks modeled and simulated.
Evaluation of Quinazoline Analogues as Glucocerebrosidase Inhibitors with Chaperone Activity (2011)

Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by deficiency in the enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GC). Small molecule chaperones of protein folding and translocation have been proposed as a promising therapeutic approach to this LSD. Most small molecule chaperones described in the literature contain an iminosugar scaffold. Here we present the discovery and evaluation of a new series of GC inhibitors with a quinazoline core. We demonstrate that this series can improve the translocation of GC to the lysosome in patient-derived cells. To optimize this chemical series, systematic synthetic modifications were performed and the SAR was evaluated and compared using three different readouts of compound activity: enzymatic inhibition, enzyme thermostabilization, and lysosomal translocation of GC.
Differential ability of human immunodeficiency virus isolates to productively infect human cells. (1987)

Isolates of HIV showed distinct differences in the ability to replicate in continuous human hematopoietic cell lines. Moreover, although all PMC cultures obtained from healthy individuals could be infected with HIV, considerable variation in the amount of virus released from different PMC cultures was observed. These biological properties of HIV could not be correlated with clinical state, binding properties of the virus isolates to target cells, or differences in target cell CD4 antigen expression. Some isolates of HIV that could not directly infect the HUT-78 cell line showed productive infection when PMC infected with these viruses were added to this human T cell line. These observations emphasize the importance of cell to cell contact in the spread of virus. The results demonstrate for the first time the differences in the host range specificity of HIV isolates in several individual PMC cultures, and indicate that the optimal isolation of HIV is achieved with normal human PMC rather than established human cell lines.
Family Planning in Pakistan's Third Five Year Plan (1966)

It is commonplace that population growth looms large in the complex of problems associated with economic and social development. This is true in Pakis¬tan as elsewhere and the Third Five Year Plan has faced_up squarely to (his issue. This article will review the population policy contained in the Plan and its support¬ing documents. Our analysis is sometimes critical but never unsympathetic. The planners in Pakistan have recognized the importance of population control and the present Plan devotes considerable resources to this goal. For this they deserve only praise. However, critical analysis of the Family Planning Scheme by interest¬ed but objective observers may still serve a useful purpose. The Plan's basic statement on population deserves to be quoted to start our analysis: The size of population, estimated at 112 million for 1965, is expected to grow at an annual compound rate of about 2.6 per cent during the Perspective Plan (1965-1985). With the planned improvement in health facilities and nutri¬tional standards, the mortality rate is likely to decline fairly rapidly. Unless it is checked by a fall in the fertility rate, the population growth rate could easily be pushed beyond 3 per cent per annum. If this happens, population will double itself by 1985. Such an increase would defeat any attempts to raise per capita incomes by a significant amount. One of the basic assump¬tions of the present projections is that the rate of growth of population will decline after 1975 owing to a decrease in the fertility rate. In other words, it is assumed that declining fertility will more than offset declining mortal¬ity. The population in 1985 is thus projected at 187 million. A vigorous and broadly based programme of family planning is, therefore, an intergral part of the strategy for the Perspective Plan [44, p. 24].
Creating Face Models from Vague Mental Images (2006)

Abstract We present a novel approach to create plausible 3D face models from vague recollections or incomplete descriptions. This task plays an important role in police work, where composite facial images of suspects need to be created from vague descriptions given by the eyewitnesses of an incident. Our approach is based on a morphable model of 3D faces and takes into account correlations among facial features based on human anatomy and ethnicity. Using these correlations, unspecified parts of the target face are automatically completed to yield a coherent face model. The system uses a novel paradigm for navigating face space and provides high‐level control of facial attributes as well as the possibility to import facial features from a database. In addition, the user can specify a set of attribute constraints that are used to restrict the target face to a residual subspace. These constraints can also be enforced on the example faces in the database, bringing their appearance closer to the mental image of the user, and thus avoiding confusing exposure to entirely different faces. We also propose a novel approach for adapting the system to local populations based on additional image databases that are converted into our 3D representation by automated shape reconstruction. We demonstrate the applicability of our system in a simulated forensic scenario and compare our results with those obtained by a professional forensic artist using state‐of‐the‐art software for creating composite images in police work. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.6 [Computer Graphics]: Methodology and Techniques—Interaction techniques I.4.10 [Image Processing and Computer Vision]: Image Representation—Hierarchical, Multidimensional, Statistical J.m [Computer Applications]: Miscellaneous—Forensic Sciences
Study of electrical separation in differential feed rectangular microstrip patch antennas (2013)

This paper studies the influence of the feed points on behavior of differential feed microstrip patch antennas. When the feed points are shifted from the center of the patch to the edge, higher order modes occur, for instance, TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> . As a result, the imaginary part of the differential antenna impedance shifts to higher values. The electrical separation condition (ψ) of the differential feed antenna is smaller for a center feed than that for an edge feed. Several antenna prototypes with different feed points were fabricated and measured. The measurements verify our analysis.
The Evolutionary Dynamics of the Lion Panthera leo Revealed by Host and Viral Population Genomics (2008)

The lion Panthera leo is one of the world's most charismatic carnivores and is one of Africa's key predators. Here, we used a large dataset from 357 lions comprehending 1.13 megabases of sequence data and genotypes from 22 microsatellite loci to characterize its recent evolutionary history. Patterns of molecular genetic variation in multiple maternal (mtDNA), paternal (Y-chromosome), and biparental nuclear (nDNA) genetic markers were compared with patterns of sequence and subtype variation of the lion feline immunodeficiency virus (FIVPle), a lentivirus analogous to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In spite of the ability of lions to disperse long distances, patterns of lion genetic diversity suggest substantial population subdivision (mtDNA ΦST = 0.92; nDNA FST = 0.18), and reduced gene flow, which, along with large differences in sero-prevalence of six distinct FIVPle subtypes among lion populations, refute the hypothesis that African lions consist of a single panmictic population. Our results suggest that extant lion populations derive from several Pleistocene refugia in East and Southern Africa (∼324,000–169,000 years ago), which expanded during the Late Pleistocene (∼100,000 years ago) into Central and North Africa and into Asia. During the Pleistocene/Holocene transition (∼14,000–7,000 years), another expansion occurred from southern refugia northwards towards East Africa, causing population interbreeding. In particular, lion and FIVPle variation affirms that the large, well-studied lion population occupying the greater Serengeti Ecosystem is derived from three distinct populations that admixed recently.
Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Typing of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Isolates with Low Copy Numbers of IS<i>6110</i>by Using Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units (2002)

A study set of 180 Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis isolates having low copy numbers of IS6110 were genotyped using the recently introduced method based on the variable-number tandem repeats of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU-VNTR). The results were compared with results of the more commonly used methods, IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and spoligotyping. The isolates were collected in Michigan from 1996 to 1999 as part of a project to genotype all isolates from new cases of tuberculosis in the state. Twelve MIRU loci were amplified, and the amplicons were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis to determine the copy number at each MIRU locus. MIRU-VNTR produced more distinct patterns (80 patterns) than did IS6110 RFLP (58 patterns), as would be expected in this study set. Spoligotyping identified 59 patterns. No single method defined all unique isolates, and the combination of all three typing methods generated 112 distinct patterns identifying 90 unique isolates and 90 isolates in 22 clusters. The results confirm the potential utility of MIRU-VNTR typing and show that typing with multiple methods is required to attain maximum specificity.
Atmospheric Transverse Coherence Length Measurement System for Laser Communications (1993)

Abstract : This paper summarizes the Wright laboratory In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) conducted to determine the feasibility of using inherent information, such as angle-of-arrival fluctuations of incident radiation and spreading of the focused spot size, obtained through the measurement of the diffraction limited aperture of the atmosphere, (r sub o) to adaptively optimize laser communications system parameters.
The Diocesan Revival in the Church of England, c. 1800-1870 (review) (2001)

Arthur Burns's book will make a valuable addition to the shelf of any scholar interested in the history of English religion or of English institutions. Burns presents a convincing case for the widespread significance of the hitherto overlooked formation of discrete diocesan identities--and diocesan power structures--in nineteenth-century England.