gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DESIGN OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS OF METOPROLOL TARTRATE USING NOVEL CO-PROCESSED SUPERDISINTEGRANTS Research Article (2011)

In the present work, fast dissolving tablets of Metoprolol tartrate were prepared using novel co-processed superdisintegrants consisting of crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium in the different ratios. Metoprolol tartrate is effective β-blocker which is having anti-anginal properties and used in the treatment of myocardial infarction and oral bioavailability of is around 40%. Effects of co-processed superdisintegrants on different parameters have been studied. Drug compatibility with excipients was checked by FTIR and DSC studies. No chemical interaction between drug and excipients was confirmed by DSC and FTIR studies. Stability studies were carried out as per ICH guidelines for three months. The values of pre-compressional parameters evaluated were within prescribed limits and indicated good free flowing property. In all the formulations, the post-compressional parameters evaluated were within prescribed IP limits. The wetting time is an important criteria for understanding the capacity of disintegrants to swell in presence of little amount of water were found to be in the range of 42 to 146 sec. The in-vitro disintegration time were found to be in the range of 14 -132 sec. Among all the designed formulations, formulation CP1 was found to be promising formulation, which facilitates its faster dispersion in the mouth. The formulations CP1 containing 4% w/w of co-processed superdisintegrant (1:1 mixture of CP and CCS) was found to be promising and has shown an in-vitro dispersion time of 14 sec, wetting time of 28 sec. Stability studies on promising formulation indicated that there were no significant changes in drug content and in-vitro dispersion time (p<0.05). From this study, it can be concluded that dissolution rate of metoprolol tartrate could be enhanced by tablets containing co-processed superdisintegrant.
ESRRA-C11orf20 Is a Recurrent Gene Fusion in Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (2011)

Every year, ovarian cancer kills approximately 14,000 women in the United States and more than 140,000 women worldwide. Most of these deaths are caused by tumors of the serous histological type, which is rarely diagnosed before it has disseminated. By deep paired-end sequencing of mRNA from serous ovarian cancers, followed by deep sequencing of the corresponding genomic region, we identified a recurrent fusion transcript. The fusion transcript joins the 5' exons of ESRRA, encoding a ligand-independent member of the nuclear-hormone receptor superfamily, to the 3' exons of C11orf20, a conserved but uncharacterized gene located immediately upstream of ESRRA in the reference genome. To estimate the prevalence of the fusion, we tested 67 cases of serous ovarian cancer by RT-PCR and sequencing and confirmed its presence in 10 of these. Targeted resequencing of the corresponding genomic region from two fusion-positive tumor samples identified a nearly clonal chromosomal rearrangement positioning ESRRA upstream of C11orf20 in one tumor, and evidence of local copy number variation in the ESRRA locus in the second tumor. We hypothesize that the recurrent novel fusion transcript may play a role in pathogenesis of a substantial fraction of serous ovarian cancers and could provide a molecular marker for detection of the cancer. Gene fusions involving adjacent or nearby genes can readily escape detection but may play important roles in the development and progression of cancer.
Enhancement of giant magnetoresistance properties of NiO spin valves with an oxidized free layer naturally in the air (2001)

The effect of specular electron scattering on the natural oxidation of a free layer in NiO spin valves has been investigated. The magnetoresistance ratio and the exchange biasing field (Hex) of NiO(600 Å)/Ni81Fe19(50 Å)/Co(7 Å)/Cu(20 Å)/Ni81Fe19(70 Å) spin valves were increased from 4.9% to 7.3%, and 110 to 170 Oe after the natural oxidation in the atmosphere for 80 days, respectively. The sheet resistance ρ decreased from 28 to 17 μΩ m, but Δρ did almost not change after the oxidation. The spin valves enhanced by the specular electron scattering in the naturally oxidized Co/NiFe/NiFeOx free layer were confirmed from the depth profiles using Auger electron spectroscopy.
Multi-view subspace constraints on homographies (1999)

The motion of a planar surface between two camera views induces a homography. The homography depends on the camera intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, as well as on the 3D plane parameters. While camera parameters vary across different views, the plane geometry remains the same. Based on this fact, the paper derives linear subspace constraints on the relative motion of multiple (/spl ges/2) planes across multiple views. The paper has three main contributions. It shows that the collection of all relative homographies of a pair of planes (homologies) across multiple views, spans a 4-dimensional linear subspace. It shows how this constraint can be extended to the case of multiple planes across multiple views. It suggests two potential application areas which can benefit from these constraints: the accuracy of homography estimation can be improved by enforcing the multi-view subspace constraints; and violations of these multi-view constraints can be used as a cue for moving object detection. All the results derived in this paper are true for uncalibrated cameras.
Coupled magnetoelastic theory of magnetic and magnetostrictive hysteresis (1993)

It is demonstrated that hysteresis in the magnetostriction k is coupled to hysteresis in the magnetization M because of the dependence of the magnetostriction on the magnetization. At the same time, when stress is present, the magnetization is in turn coupled to the behavior of the part of the magnetostriction associated with domain moment rotation. An expression for the magnetostriction is formulated, and numerical modeling results for magnetostriction hysteresis are compared to experimental results. Although some features of the magnetostriction in iron and steel still need additional explanation, the main features of the magnetostriction are accounted for. These include liftoff (failure of the magnetostriction to return to its value in the demagnetized state as the hysteresis loop is cycled) and a magnetostriction increase after flux density B reaches its maximum and starts to decrease. A macromagnetic, multidomain formulation that yields zero magnetostriction in the demagnetized specimen is used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part VIII. (1978)

Three main hydration sites of a ribose ring, as a model for 3‘-AMP and 5’-AMP, have been studied with the ab initio method, using an STO-3G basis set, in simulation of the proposed regiospecific solvation of O(1’) and O(5’) in 5’-AMP and 3’-AMP. This solvation, which does not occur in c-AMP, contributes to the large exothermic net solvation enthalpy of hydrolysis of c-AMP. It is concluded that the bridge position between O( 1’) and O(5’) is an important hydration site. Formation of a five- as well as a seven-membered ring with one molecule of water between O(1’) and O(5’) is possible. In addition to this effect the conformational difference of the ribose ring in c-AMP, on the one hand, and in 5’-AMP and 3‘-AMP, on the other hand, has been taken into account. It is clearly demonstrated that this difference also contributes to the overall enthalpy of hydrolysis.
Molecular characterization of human group C rotavirus genes 6, 7 and 9 (1999)

Genes 6, 7 and 9 of human group C rotavirus 'Bristol' strain, encoding non-structural proteins (NSP) 3, 1 and 2, respectively, were cloned and sequenced. Human group C rotavirus genome segment 6 is 1350 bp and contains a single ORF of 1231 nucleotides (encoding 402 amino acids). Genome segment 7 is 1270 bp and encodes a protein of 394 amino acids and genome segment 9 is 1037 bp and encodes a 312 amino acid protein. The human group C rotavirus genes 6, 7 and 9 showed 78, 67 and 88% sequence identity, respectively, to the corresponding porcine group C rotavirus genes. The derived protein sequences were compared with those of the porcine 'Cowden' group C and mammalian group A rotavirus strains. The human group C rotavirus NSP1 protein sequence is one amino acid longer than the porcine group C equivalent. In common with group A and porcine group C rotaviruses, the human group C rotavirus NSP1 protein has a zinc finger motif. Human group C rotavirus NSP2 has two hydrophobic heptad repeat regions, a basic, RNA-binding domain and a basic, proline-rich region. Human group C rotavirus NSP3 has both single- and double-stranded RNA-binding domains and several hydrophobic heptad repeat regions, one of which forms a leucine zipper. This work completes the molecular characterization of the non-structural proteins of a human group C rotavirus. Phylogenetic analysis of all the non-structural genes of group A, B and C rotaviruses suggests that these viruses have diverged at a constant rate from a common ancestor.
Structural Protein–Ligand Interaction Fingerprints (SPLIF) for Structure-Based Virtual Screening: Method and Benchmark Study (2014)

Accurate and affordable assessment of ligand-protein affinity for structure-based virtual screening (SB-VS) is a standing challenge. Hence, empirical postdocking filters making use of various types of structure-activity information may prove useful. Here, we introduce one such filter based upon three-dimensional structural protein-ligand interaction fingerprints (SPLIF). SPLIF permits quantitative assessment of whether a docking pose interacts with the protein target similarly to a known ligand and rescues active compounds penalized by poor initial docking scores. An extensive benchmark study on 10 diverse data sets selected from the DUD-E database has been performed in order to evaluate the absolute and relative efficiency of this method. SPLIF demonstrated an overall better performance than relevant standard methods.
Characterization of GaAs layers grown directly on Si substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1987)

The electrical and structural properties of GaAs layers grown directly by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on Si substrates oriented 2° off (100) toward [011] are reported. The uniformity of minority-carrier lifetime in the 2 in.- diam heteroepitaxial wafers is comparable to that in bulk GaAs of the same doping density (2×1016 cm−3). Selective etching of the GaAs layer reveals an etch pit density of ∼108 cm−2, consistent with plan view transmission electron microscopy which shows a defect density of ∼108 cm−2. Rapid annealing at 900 °C for 10 s does not significantly alter the heterointerface abruptness, and at the same time the crystalline quality of the GaAs improves slightly. The deep level concentration in the as-grown layer is ∼1013 cm−3 as determined by capacitance spectroscopy. Finally, the activation characteristics of low dose Si implants (3×1012 cm−2 at 60 keV) are similar to those in high quality bulk GaAs.
Antigenic relationships between fowl enteroviruses (1989)

An antigenical cross-relationship was observed by immunofluorescence and seroneutralisation tests between the G-4260 strain of avian nephritis virus and three other entero-like particles, one isolated by McNulty et al. (Avian Pathology, 13: 429) and the entero PV2 and entero 3 both isolated in our laboratory. No cross reactions were observed between those viruses and the avian encephalomyelitis virus.
A Novel Heterofunctional Epoxy-Amino Sepabeads for a New Enzyme Immobilization Protocol: Immobilization-Stabilization of β-Galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae (2003)

The properties of a new and commercially available amino-epoxy support (amino-epoxy-Sepabeads) have been compared to conventional epoxy supports to immobilize enzymes, using the beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae as a model enzyme. The new support has a layer of epoxy groups over a layer of ethylenediamine that is covalently bound to the support. This support has both a great anionic exchanger strength and a high density of epoxy groups. Epoxy supports require the physical adsorption of the proteins onto the support before the covalent binding of the enzyme to the epoxy groups. Using conventional supports the immobilization rate is slow, because the adsorption is of hydrophobic nature, and immobilization must be performed using high ionic strength (over 0.5 M sodium phosphate) and a support with a fairly hydrophobic nature. Using the new support, immobilization may be performed at moderately low ionic strength, it occurs very rapidly, and it is not necessary to use a hydrophobic support. Therefore, this support should be specially recommended for immobilization of enzymes that cannot be submitted to high ionic strength. Also, both supports may be expected to yield different orientations of the proteins on the support, and that may result in some advantages in specific cases. For example, the model enzyme became almost fully inactivated when using the conventional support, while it exhibited an almost intact activity after immobilization on the new support. Furthermore, enzyme stability was significantly improved by the immobilization on this support (by more than a 12-fold factor), suggesting the promotion of some multipoint covalent attachment between the enzyme and the support (in fact the enzyme adsorbed on an equivalent cationic support without epoxy groups was even slightly less stable than the soluble enzyme).
Einleitung und Problemstellung (2010)

Über die generelle Vorgehensweise bei der Unternehmensbewertung herrscht weitestgehend Einigkeit in Theorie und Praxis: Die Bewertung von Unternehmen erfolgt regelmäßig durch Verwendung zukunftsorientierter Verfahren auf Basis des Kapitalwertkalküls oder durch Vergleichsverfahren anhand von Kapitalmarktinformationen. Neben den individuellen Entscheidungskalkülen einzelner Anleger kommt somit den Funktionszusammenhängen des Kapitalmarktes eine wichtige Bedeutung zu. Bei Anwendung des Barwertkalküls ist die Bestimmung eines Kapitalisierungszinssatzes notwendig, der in Abhängigkeit des gewählten Bewertungsverfahrens ermittelt wird. Im Rahmen des Entity- oder Bruttoverfahrens wird der Unternehmensgesamtwert durch Diskontierung der den Eigen- und Fremdkapitalgebern zufließenden Cash Flows mit dem WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) ermittelt. Dieser stellt die aus Eigen- und Fremdkapitalzinssatz gewichteten Kapitalkosten dar. Demgegenüber wird der Kapitalisierungszinssatz bei Anwendung des Equity- oder Nettoverfahrens, das im Wesentlichen dem in Deutschland vorherrschenden Ertragswertverfahren entspricht, als erwartete bzw. geforderte Eigenkapitalkosten ermittelt, mit denen die den Eigenkapitalgebern zufließenden Erträge diskontiert werden. Aufgrund der großen Bedeutung des Ertragswertverfahrens in der Bewertungspraxis wird in vorliegender Arbeit der Kapitalisierungszinssatz als Eigenkapitalkosten interpretiert. Diese setzen sich aus mehreren Komponenten zusammen und ergeben sich, indem der risikolose Basiszinssatz um einen Risikozuschlag erhöht und ggf. um einen Wachstumsabschlag vermindert wird. Ferner sind persönliche Steuern zu berücksichtigen.
The importance of varying the event generation process in simulation studies of statistical methods for recurrent events (2005)

Statistical methods for the analysis of recurrent events are often evaluated in simulation studies. A factor rarely varied in such studies is the underlying event generation process. If the relative performance of statistical methods differs across generation processes, then studies based upon one process may mislead. This paper describes the simulation of recurrent events data using four models of the generation process: Poisson, mixed Poisson, autoregressive, and Weibull. For each model four commonly used statistical methods for the analysis of recurrent events (Cox's proportional hazards method, the Andersen-Gill method, negative binomial regression, the Prentice-Williams-Peterson method) were applied to 200 simulated data sets, and the mean estimates, standard errors, and confidence intervals obtained. All methods performed well for the Poisson process. Otherwise, negative binomial regression only performed well for the mixed Poisson process, as did the Andersen-Gill method with a robust estimate of the standard error. The Prentice-Williams-Peterson method performed well only for the autoregressive and Weibull processes. So the relative performance of statistical methods depended upon the model of event generation used to simulate data. In conclusion, it is important that simulation studies of statistical methods for recurrent events include simulated data sets based upon a range of models for event generation.
Formation Permeability Determination Using Impulse-Fracture Injection (1993)

ABSTRACT "Impulse fracture" is an injection test used to determine formation permeability and reservoir pressure. The test consists of a small-volume water injection to create a short fracture and a shut-in period afterwards to record pressure falloff. The pressure falloff after fracture closure is used to deduce permeability and reservoir pressure. The fracture can pass the near-wellbore damaged area and have the true formation exposed to flow transients. Also, fracturing may sometimes be difficult to avoid for injections in low-permeability formations. The theory and analysis of impulse fracture are based on an instantaneous-source solution to the diffusivity equation. Numerical simulation examples and field case studies are used to support the validity of the analysis. The applicability of impulse fracture in gas reservoirs is demonstrated by numerical simulation results from a multi-fluid-bank simulator and by field cases. The impulse-fracture injection test is an economical and simple means to determine formation permeability. The test can be conducted in conjunction with mini-fracture or micro-fracture stress-test injections.
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Stimulate Angiogenesis through Osteoblast-Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (2002)

During bone formation and fracture healing there is a cross-talk between endothelial cells and osteoblasts. We previously showed that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) might be an important factor in this cross-talk, as osteoblast-like cells produce this angiogenic factor in a differentiation-dependent manner. Moreover, exogenously added VEGF-A enhances osteoblast differentiation. In the present study we investigated, given the coupling between angiogenesis and bone formation, whether bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) stimulate osteoblastogenesis and angiogenesis through the production of VEGF-A. For this we used the murine preosteoblast-like cell line KS483, which forms mineralized nodules in vitro, and an angiogenesis assay comprising 17-d-old fetal mouse bone explants that have the ability to form tube-like structures in vitro. Treatment of KS483 cells with BMP-2, -4, and -6 enhanced nodule formation, osteocalcin mRNA expression, and subsequent mineralization after 18 d of culture. This was accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in VEGF-A protein levels throughout the culture period. BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation, however, was independent of VEGF-A, as blocking VEGF-A activity by a VEGF-A antibody or a VEGF receptor 2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor did not affect BMP-induced mineralization. To investigate whether BMPs stimulate angiogenesis through VEGF-A, BMPs were assayed for their angiogenic activity. Treatment of bone explants with BMPs enhanced angiogenesis. This was inhibited by soluble BMP receptor 1A or noggin. In the presence of a VEGF-A antibody, both unstimulated and BMP-stimulated angiogenesis were arrested. Conditioned media of KS483 cells treated with BMPs also induced a strong angiogenic response, which was blocked by antimouse VEGF-A but not by noggin. These effects were specific for BMPs, as TGF beta inhibited osteoblast differentiation and angiogenesis while stimulating VEGF-A production. These findings indicate that BMPs stimulate angiogenesis through the production of VEGF-A by osteoblasts. In conclusion, VEGF-A produced by osteoblasts in response to BMPs is not involved in osteoblast differentiation, but couples angiogenesis to bone formation.
Analytical evaluation of a high-sensitivity troponin T assay and its clinical assessment in acute coronary syndrome (2011)

The analytical performance of hs-cTnT complied with the international guidelines for AMI detection. Determining the degree of haemolysis in a sample is of paramount importance to the interpretation of hs-cTnT results. The 99th percentile value of our reference population was established.
Reactions of phosphines with acetylenes. Part VIII. Synthesis of 1,2-dideuteriated olefins (1969)

The 1,2-dideuteriated olefins dimethyl[2H2]fumarate, [2H2]benzylidene acetophenone, and methyl [2H2]cinnamate have been prepared by a simple and economical method from disubstituted acetylenes by use of triphenyl phosphine and deuterium oxide. The method is limited to substituents which activate the reacting acetylenic bonds to wards nucleophilic attack by triphenylphosphine.
Selective fascicular recording of the hypoglossal nerve using a multi-contact nerve cuff electrode (2004)

The use of nerve cuff electrodes as part of a closed loop functional electrical stimulation (FES) system has been demonstrated as a reliable alternative to artificial sensors (e.g., strain gauge). To circumvent the need for multiple electrodes to record neural activity from different fascicles within a nerve, the flat interface nerve electrode (FINE) is presented as a potential approach to discern spatially disparate sources using a single implantable device. The recording selectivity of the FINE was investigated using both experimental and computational methods. This involved analyzing recorded action potentials from six acute beagle experiments and a finite element model, which was constructed from a nerve image obtained from one experiment. The performance of the electrode was assessed by a selectivity index that quantified the recording selectivity at the fascicle level. The computed overall selectivity of the FINE was SI/spl I.bar/FINE = 44.5 /spl plusmn/ 11.2 and SI/spl I.bar/FINE = 52.2 for the experimental (n = 7) and computational (n = 1) data, respectively. The results of this study indicate the feasibility of using the FINE as a means of selectively recording neural signals from a multifasciculated nerve.
Effects of subinhibitory concentrations of clindamycin on the morphological, biochemical and genetic characteristics of<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> (2006)

The effects of subinhibitory concentrations of clindamycin on the morphological, biochemical and genetic characteristics of species of the Bacteroides fragilis group isolated from children with diarrhea were determined. The minimal inhibitory and subinhibitory concentrations for clindamycin were determined. Minimal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.25 to 512 microg mL(-1) were observed. Cultures grown with clindamycin were used to determine the macroscopic morphological characteristics, cellular viability, ultrastructural characteristics and DNA integrity. Clindamycin did not alter colonial morphology, but after 6 h elongated cells were observed. Also, extracellular vesicles and electron-lucent areas inside the cytoplasm were observed. Bacteria treated with clindamycin also showed fragmentation of DNA as determined by electrophoresis. The alterations produced by clindamycin might be indicative of a possible modification of the structures involved in bacterial pathogenesis.