gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Counting Statistics for Liquid Scintillation Counting (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCounting Statistics for Liquid Scintillation CountingR. J. HerbergCite this: Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 10, 1308–1311Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60178a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60178a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient Active Sensing with Categorized Further Explorations for a Home Behavior-Monitoring Robot (2017)

Mobile robotics is a potential solution to home behavior monitoring for the elderly. For a mobile robot in the real world, there are several types of uncertainties for its perceptions, such as the ambiguity between a target object and the surrounding objects and occlusions by furniture. The problem could be more serious for a home behavior-monitoring system, which aims to accurately recognize the activity of a target person, in spite of these uncertainties. It detects irregularities and categorizes situations requiring further explorations, which strategically maximize the information needed for activity recognition while minimizing the costs. Two schemes of active sensing, based on two irregularity detections, namely, heuristic-based and template-matching-based irregularity detections, were implemented and examined for body contour-based activity recognition. Their time cost and accuracy in activity recognition were evaluated through experiments in both a controlled scenario and a home living scenario. Experiment results showed that the categorized further explorations guided the robot system to sense the target person actively. As a result, with the proposed approach, the robot system has achieved higher accuracy of activity recognition.
Characterizations of crystalline structure and electrical properties of pyrolyzed polyfurfuryl alcohol (1997)

Polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) is pyrolyzed at 600 °C for different lengths of heat-treatment (HT) time (0–50 h) and at different pyrolytic temperatures (600–850 °C) for 4 h. Analysis by Raman spectroscopy shows that the crystallite size of PFA pyrolyzed at 600 °C decreases with increasing HT time. This suggestion is supported by the electrical conductivity measurements on PFA samples pyrolyzed at different HT temperatures and at 600 °C for different HT times. A trend of transition from semiconductive to metallic properties is suggested for the samples prepared above 850 °C.
The Hydrolysis of Nicotinamide Adenine DinucleotidePhosphate by Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (1971)

NADP was shown to be hydrolyzed to NAD in the presence of human blood serum. The data obtained provided evidence that this hydrolysis was catalyzed by the alkaline phosphatases present in serum. This opened a possibility for a kinetic NAD-linked measurement of serum alkaline phosphatase. The reaction was also adapted for the demonstration of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. The conversion of NADP to NAD by alkaline phosphatase may interfere in the assay of various NADP-linked enzymes in serum and in tissue extracts.
INDUCTION OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC TO DENGUE VIRUS SEROTYPES 2 AND 4 BY A BIVALENT ANTIGEN COMPOSED OF LINKED ENVELOPE DOMAINS III OF THESE TWO SEROTYPES (2006)

There is no vaccine to prevent dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, caused by four serotypes of dengue viruses. In this study, which has been prompted by the emergence of dengue virus envelope domain III as a promising sub-unit vaccine candidate, we have examined the possibility of developing a chimeric bivalent antigen with the potential to elicit neutralizing antibodies against two serotypes simultaneously. We created a chimeric dengue antigen by splicing envelope domain IIIs of serotypes 2 and 4. It was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. This protein retains the antigenic identities of both its precursors. It elicited antibodies that could efficiently block host cell binding of both serotypes 2 and 4 of dengue virus and neutralize their infectivity (neutralizing antibody titers approximately 1:40 and ~1:80 for dengue virus serotypes 2 and 4, respectively). This work could be a forerunner to the development of a single envelope domain III-based tetravalent antigen.
Some benzyl ethers present in the extract of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome benzyl ethers present in the extract of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia)William G. Galetto and Patrick G. HoffmanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978, 26, 1, 195–197Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60215a065https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60215a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views405Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Directions in Cardiac Imaging (1985)

Cardiac imaging is among the most commonly used diagnostic techniques in cardiovascular medicine. Conventional imaging modes (chest roentgenography, echocardiography, radionuclide imaging, and angiography) allow delineation of cardiac morphology, coronary anatomy, ventricular and valvular function, and cardiac shunts, and permit qualitative evaluation of myocardial perfusion. Four new imaging procedures (digital subtraction angiography, rapid acquisition x-ray computed tomography, emission computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging) promise to expand diagnostic capabilities by permitting quantitative analysis of myocardial perfusion, evaluation of myocardial metabolism, and characterization of cardiac tissue composition. These techniques differ widely in cost, availability, and in the additional information they offer. Optimal use will be achieved only through carefully controlled comparative clinical trials directed at specific diagnostic questions.
Use of the rabbit ear artery to serially assess foreign protein secretion after site-specific arterial gene transfer in vivo. Evidence that anatomic identification of successful gene transfer may underestimate the potential magnitude of transgene expression. (1994)

These experiments demonstrate a useful method of performing serial in vivo analyses of gene expression after vascular transfection and that anatomic analyses of transfection efficiency may underestimate the potential magnitude of expression in the case of a secreted gene product. These findings have implications for the clinical application of somatic gene therapy because low-efficiency transfection with a gene encoding for a secreted protein may achieve therapeutic effects not realized by transfection with genes encoding for proteins that remain intracellular.
Fast and Tight Boronate Formation for Click Bioorthogonal Conjugation (2016)

A new click bioorthogonal reaction system was devised to enable the fast ligation (k(ON) ≈340 m(-1) s(-1)) of conjugatable derivatives of a rigid cyclic diol (nopoldiol) and a carefully optimized boronic acid partner, 2-methyl-5-carboxymethylphenylboronic acid. Using NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy studies, the corresponding boronates were found to form reversibly within minutes at low micromolar concentration in water, providing submicromolar equilibrium constant (K(eq) ≈10(5) -10(6) m(-1)). Efficient protein conjugation under physiological conditions was demonstrated with model proteins thioredoxin and albumin, and characterized by mass spectrometry and gel electrophoresis.
A 3D Adaptive Wiener Filter for Restoration of SPECT Images Using MRI as Reference Images (2005)

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) images suffer from poor resolution and low contrast, which make it difficult for physicians to put an accurate interpretation for diagnosis, in particular, early diagnosis. Although the Wiener filter is a simple and powerful tool to restore degraded images, the requirement for a priori information limits its application. In this paper, we present a new 3D adaptive Wiener filter for restoration of brain SPECT images with a priori data taken from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the same patient. The proposed algorithm automatically and significantly improve the contrast and sharpness of synthetic and real SPECT images while keeping amplification of noise under acceptable level.
The Impact of Soldering Temperatures on No‐clean Hand Soldering Processes (1995)

PCB manufacturers are switching from the use of RMA fluxes in their soldering and rework processes to low residue type (i.e., ‘no‐clean’) fluxes. Unfortunately, successful changeover is not simply a matter of substituting a no‐clean into an existing RMA process. Soldering process parameters must change, necessitating an understanding of the interplay between flux chemistry and heat delivery. Higher temperatures can result in an effective decrease in the concentration of the active fluxing agents. Also, data show a decrease in the inherent wetting force of a no‐clean flux with increasing temperature. These two factors reduce fluxing action below the rate of oxidation occurring at the solder connection and the soldering iron tip. These can lead to incomplete surface cleaning and inefficient heat transfer, resulting in poorly soldered connections. Lower solder joint defect rates are obtained with no‐clean solders and fluxes when soldering temperatures are reduced to a minimum.
Long‐term administration of oral physostigmine in Alzheimer's disease (1988)

Minimal short-term benefits with oral physostigmine have been reported in Alzheimer's disease. We examined long-term oral physostigmine therapy in 14 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease in an extended double-blind crossover trial in which they received physostigmine for five intervals of 4 to 6 weeks in length and placebo for one interval determined at random. At each interval a Selective Reminding Test was administered and three indexes were examined: total recall, long-term recall, and intrusions. As a group, patients' memory test scores were significantly better during the drug period. Two patients who previously had performed worse on drug than on placebo in a short-term trial continued to do so. Nine of the remaining 12 patients performed better on two or more measures on physostigmine compared with placebo. In some cases scores improved up to 50% over placebo values. This improvement was not predicted by response to medication in the earlier short-term trial. Seven patients completed an additional six-interval crossover trial. All but one continued to have improved performance with oral physostigmine and, in grouped data, memory measures remained significantly improved. These results suggest that long-term administration of physostigmine in Alzheimer's disease may be more effective than short-term. This benefit can be sustained for up to a year in some patients.
Inference of Missing or Degraded Data for Noise Robust Speech Processing (2010)

OF THE DISSERTATION Inference of Missing or Degraded Data for Noise Robust Speech Processing by Bengt Jonas Borgstrom Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering University of California, Los Angeles, 2010 Professor Abeer Alwan, Chair In real world speech processing systems, speech signals are often corrupted by background acoustic noise or reverberation. Additionally, for systems which involve transmission of speech data over error-prone communication channels, signals may suffer from packet loss. This dissertation addresses two general frameworks for which compensation of corruptive acoustic noise and channel errors can benefit performance, namely remote speech communication and automatic speech recognition. In the case of ASR, front-end missing feature (MF) spectral reconstruction is explored. Two solutions are offered, the first of which uses HMM-based processing and accounts for temporal and/or frequency correlation. The second exploits the sparsity of spectrographic speech data to formulate the reconstruction problem as a linear program. Each approach is successfully applied in both the Mel-filtered and log Mel-filtered domains. Finally, a statistical approach to Mel-domain mask estimation is proposed, which is used to differentiate between reliable and unreliable time-frequency components. Theory de-
Monoclonal antibody production in murine ascites. II. Production characteristics. (1999)

Production characteristics were significantly different among hybridoma cell lines. Determination of production characteristics of hybridomas and correlation with clinicopathologic changes in mice may be valuable in making recommendations for managing mice with ascites.
Role of growth factors in lung repair and diseases (1995)

A number of growth factors have been identified that participate in lung growth and repair. The early stages of the repair cascade are important in preventing the later development of fibrosis. Both transforming growth factor-beta and basic fibroblast growth factor can have beneficial effects when given early in some injury models. Keratinocyte growth factor stimulates type II cell hyperplasia in vitro but has not yet been studied in a lung injury model. Excessive production of growth factors such as transforming growth factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta can lead to fibrosis. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is implicated in asthma, but now that knockout mice have been shown to have a histologic picture similar to pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, a new role for this factor in pulmonary disease has been suggested. Increasing our understanding of the diverse actions and interactions of growth factors in the lung will bring us closer to therapeutic interventions that can prevent some chronic lung diseases.
Magnetic micro actuator with neutral buoyancy and 3D fabrication of cell size magnetized structure (2012)

We have developed two technologies for 3D magnetic microstructures, with a wide size range between 5μm to 2mm. The first technology enables us to obtain density controlled 3D magnetic microstructures. The size of this structure is approximately 500μm. In this scale, controlling density is vital for magnetic micro actuators, because the effect of gravity is strong. To adjust density, we developed the world's first “density controllable magnetically photocurable (DMPC) polymer.” The DMPC polymer is a mixture of hollow microcapsules (density, 0.03 g/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ), magnetic particles, and photocurable polymer. We can obtain desired relative density between 0.5 to 1.7 by adjusting the concentration of microcapsules. In addition, we succeeded in 3D velocity control of a screw-type magnetic micro actuator with neutral buoyancy in water. The delay time was 32msec, which is smaller than video rate. In addition, the actuator possessed 6 degrees of freedom. The second technology realized a 5μm magnetic micro actuator, which is a combination of a 3D transparent structure and 2D magnetic structure. Various photocurable polymers can be applied as the 2D structure in this process, although we used magnetically photocurable polymer in this report. Furthermore, we have succeeded in driving a ferromagnetic micro actuator, whose diameter is as small as 1μm. These two fabrication processes will become key technologies in both the medical field and the field of life sciences, because they can supply a wide variety of 3D micro structures with small effort.
Source-Language Features and Maximum Correlation Training for Machine Translation Evaluation (2007)

We propose three new features for MT evaluation: source-sentence constrained n-gram precision, source-sentence re-ordering metrics, and discriminative un-igram precision, as well as a method of learning linear feature weights to directly maximize correlation with human judg-ments. By aligning both the hypothe-sis and the reference with the source-language sentence, we achieve better cor-relation with human judgments than pre-viously proposed metrics. We further improve performance by combining indi-vidual evaluation metrics using maximum correlation training, which is shown to be better than the classification-based frame-work. 1
Triblock Copolymer Self-Assembly in Ionic Liquids: Effect of PEO Block Length on the Self-Assembly of PEO–PPO–PEO in Ethylammonium Nitrate (2014)

The microstructure and rheological properties of micellar solutions of Pluronic block copolymers (PEOx–PPOy–PEOx) in deuterated ethylammonium nitrate (dEAN, a protic ionic liquid) are studied by small- and ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (SANS and USANS), fluorescence microscopy, and shear rheology. A homologous series of three Pluronics with similar PPO block length (F127 (PEO106–PPO70–PEO106), P123 (PEO20–PPO70–PEO20), and L121 (PEO5–PPO70–PEO5)) are examined to explore the effect of the relative balance of solvophilic to solvophobic block size on the self-assembled microstructure. Both F127 and P123 form spherical micelles in dEAN that assemble into face-centered and body-centered cubic supramolecular crystals, respectively, upon increasing concentration or temperature. The transition from disordered to crystalline (ordered) structures manifests as a sol–gel rheological transition. A richer phase diagram is observed in the L121/dEAN system: due to its low solvophilicity in dEAN, L121 self-assembles into structures with low curvatures, namely, vesicles in the dilute regime, elongated (wormlike) micelles at intermediate concentrations and low temperatures, a nematic phase in concentrated solutions, and multilamellar phases at high temperatures. Highly viscoelastic solutions are created by the self-assembly of entangled L121 wormlike micelles. Structural length scales of the three Pluronic/dEAN systems in the various mesophases are determined from SANS and USANS.
Effect of Wettability on Waterflood Recovery for Crude-Oil/Brine/Rock Systems (1995)

Summary This paper presents a definitive account of the effect of wettability on oil recovery from Berea sandstone based on the results of more than 50 slow-rate laboratory waterfloods. Closely reproducible wettability conditions and waterflood recoveries were obtained with wettability, depending on the crude oil, brine composition, aging temperature, and initial water saturation. Maximum oil recovery by waterflooding was obtained at very weakly water-wet conditions from shortly after breakthrough up to discontinuation of the test at 20 PV of water injected. In most of the tests, coproduction of oil and water continued long after breakthrough.
Geostatistics: Modeling Spatial Uncertainty, Second edition (2012)

International audience
Charge-Transfer Mechanism for Cytochrome <i>c</i> Adsorbed on Nanometer Thick Films. Distinguishing Frictional Control from Conformational Gating (2003)

Using nanometer thick tunneling barriers with specifically attached cytochrome c, the electron-transfer rate constant was studied as a function of the SAM composition (alkane versus terthiophene), the omega-terminating group type (pyridine, imidazole, nitrile), and the solution viscosity. At large electrode-reactant separations, the pyridine terminated alkanethiols exhibit an exponential decline of the rate constant with increasing electron-transfer distance. At short separations, a plateau behavior, analogous to systems involving -COOH terminal groups to which cytochrome c can be attached electrostatically, is observed. The dependence of the rate constant in the plateau region on system properties is investigated. The rate constant is insensitive to the mode of attachment to the surface but displays a significant viscosity dependence, change with spacer composition (alkane versus terthiophene), and nature of the solvent (H(2)O versus D(2)O). Based on these findings and others, the conclusion is drawn that the charge-transfer rate constant at short distance is determined by polarization relaxation processes in the structure, rather than the electron tunneling probability or large-amplitude conformational rearrangement (gating). The transition in reaction mechanism with distance reflects a gradual transition between the tunneling and frictional mechanisms. This conclusion is consistent with data from a number of other sources as well.
The release of virus‐like particles from recombinant <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>: Effect of freezing and thawing on homogenization and bead milling (1994)

Recombinant cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, expressing virus-like particles (Ty-VLPs), can be readily disrupted in a high pressure homogenizer and show identical disruption kinetics to the untransformed host strain. When the cells are freeze/thawed before disruption, they become about four times more resistant to homogenization. This effect increases with the number of freeze/thaw cycles, but is independent of the time the cells remain frozen. The freeze/thaw effect is observed with cells harvested during both the logarithmic and stationary phase of growth, and occurs with the untransformed host strain as well as the transformed one. Freeze/thawed cells are twice as resistant to disruption in the bead mill as fresh cells.