gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bipolar electrode depletion: membraneless filtration of charged species using an electrogenerated electric field gradient (2011)

We report a method for removing ions from aqueous solutions without the use of a membrane. The approach, which we call bipolar electrode depletion (BED), is based on the formation of an asymmetric electric field profile in a microchannel containing a bipolar electrode (BPE). The asymmetric field arises from local increases in conductivity caused by faradaic reactions at the BPE. We show how the asymmetric field can be used to deplete anions from a microchannel via a combination of electrophoresis and electroosmosis. We also apply this approach to filter an anionic species from a mixture of charged and neutral species being transported through a microchannel via electroosmosis. This technique could be utilized for desalination or filtration of any species possessing a net charge (e.g. heavy-metals, bacteria, proteins, or functionalized-nanoparticles).
Panda: a portable platform to support parallel programming languages (1993)

Current parallel programming languages require advanced run-time support to implement communication and data consistency. As such run-time systems are usually layered on top of a specific operating system, they are nonportable. This paper reports on our early experiences with Panda, a portable virtual machine that provides general and flexible support for implementing run-time systems for parallel programming languages. Panda has two interfaces: a Panda interface providing threads, RPC, and totallyordered group communication, and a system interface which encapsulates machine dependencies by providing machine-independent thread and communication abstractions. We describe the interfaces, our experience with an initial Unix 1 implementation, and the development of a new, portable, and scalable run-time system for the Orca parallel programming language on top of Panda. 1 Introduction Modern parallel programming languages require advanced run-time support for communication and data consi...
Evidence for an Essential Deglycosylation-Independent Activity of PNGase in Drosophila melanogaster (2010)

Pngl was shown to be inevitable for the proper developmental transition and the biochemical properties other than deglycosylation activity is important for its biological function.
Emergency Response Spill Cleanup of Wood Treating Waste (1990)

Abstract The use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) solution for pressure treating wood is an accepted method for extending the useful life of wood. However, the wood treating solution can be hazardous to the environment if spilled or improperly handled. In the spring of 1989, a fire at a wood treating plant in western Canada resulted in the accidental spill of a large amount of treating solution containing 3% CCA, along with a spill of an organic based wood dye. These two solutions combined with firefighting effluents and rain water to produce in excess of 100,000 US gallons of wastewater. The wastewater was contained on-site in ditches, portable pools, and tanker trucks. The British Columbia Ministry of the Environment (MOE) ordered the treatment of the waste prior to discharge to a nearby water course. A skid-mounted reverse osmosis/ion exchange treatment system was employed for the cleanup operation. Approximately 90,000 US gallons of the wood treating waste were processed over a 3 week period. The system was operated in a 70% recovery mode, where 70% of the feed wastewater was treated for discharge and the remaining 30% of concentrate was recovered for reuse in the wood treating plant. The quality of the treated effluent was confirmed by the MOE as suitable for discharge. The CCA level in the feed wastewater was reduced by &gt;99.9% to &lt;0.05 mg/L in the treated effluent. Wood dye was not visibly detected in the treated effluent. The productivity of the system decreased over the first 2 weeks of operation as the reverse osmosis membranes conditioned to the wastewater, and eventually attained a stable performance during the last week of operation as fouling became controlled. The results of this cleanup operation indicate the effectiveness of reverse osmosis followed by ion exchange polishing for treating spills of this nature, as well as other wastewater streams containing low concentrations of organic and inorganic contaminants.
Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Mechanisms, and Serum Cytokine Levels in Cancer Patients: Impact of an Antioxidant Treatment (2003)

We found that all but one of the antioxidants tested were effective in reducing reactive oxygen species levels, and two of them (cysteine-containing compounds and amifostine) had the additional effect of increasing glutathione peroxidase activity. Comprehensively, the antioxidant treatment was found to have an effect on both reactive oxygen species levels and glutathione peroxidase activity. The antioxidant treatment also reduced the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Patients in both ECOG PS 0-1 and ECOG PS 2-3 responded to antioxidant treatment.
Safety, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and preliminary biomarker data of first-in-class BI 765063, a selective SIRPα inhibitor: Results of monotherapy dose escalation in phase 1 study in patients with advanced solid tumors. (2021)

2623 Background: BI 765063 is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody antagonist of SIRPα (Signal Regulatory Protein α), which blocks the “don't eat me” signal of the SIRPα/CD47 axis, a critical innate immune checkpoint. SIRPα is expressed on myeloid cells. BI 765063 binds to the V1 SIRPα allele with high affinity and to the V2 SIRPα allele with low affinity. BI 765063 lacks SIRPγ binding to preserve T-cell activation. We report results of the completed BI 765063 monotherapy dose escalation in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods: This study involves a step 1 dose escalation to determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD), then a step 2 dose-confirmation expansion at recommended phase 2 dose. In Step 1, BI 765063 ascending doses, given IV every 3 weeks, were tested using a Bayesian Logistic Regression Model (BLRM) approach with overdose control. The endpoints were safety, pharmacokinetics, receptor occupancy (RO) in peripheral CD14 + monocytes and efficacy (RECIST 1.1). Results: Fifty patients (26 V1/V1, 24 V1/V2) received at least one dose of BI 765063. The most frequent tumors were ovarian (9), colorectal (8), lung (5), breast (4), melanoma (3), and kidney (3). No DLTs were reported up to the highest dose tested. MTD was not reached. The most frequent related adverse events were infusion related reaction (IRR) (46%), fatigue (12%), headache (10%), arthralgia and diarrhea (8% each). All related adverse events were mild to moderate, except one case of IRR Grade 3. No related anemia nor thrombocytopenia were observed. BI 765063 showed dose proportional exposure and full RO saturation in Cycle 1 after the fourth dose level. Clinical benefit was observed in 21/47 (45%) patients evaluable per RECIST 1.1. One patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with liver and lung metastases and 7 prior lines of therapy showed a durable partial response maintained for 27 weeks treatment (ongoing). The baseline tumor biopsy of this patient showed high CD8 T-cell and macrophage infiltration. There was an increase in CD8 T-cell infiltration and activation on treatment. An increase in PD-L1 expression on tumor cells 2 weeks after first dosing was also observed. Analysis of paired tumor biopsies in other patients is ongoing. Conclusions: The first-in-class SIRPα inhibitor BI 765063 was well-tolerated, showed monotherapy activity, and sustained RO saturation. A durable partial response was observed in an advanced HCC patient. The on-treatment biopsy of the responder showed an increase in CD8 T-cell infiltration and activation. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells also increased. BI 765063 dose escalation in combination with ezabenlimab (anti-PD1 antibody) is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03990233.
Adaptive thinning of atmospheric observations in data assimilation with vector quantization and filtering methods (2005)

Abstract In data assimilation for numerical weather prediction, measurements of various observation systems are combined with background data to define initial states for the forecasts. Current and future observation systems, in particular satellite instruments, produce large numbers of measurements with high spatial and temporal density. Such datasets significantly increase the computational costs of the assimilation and, moreover, can violate the assumption of spatially independent observation errors. To ameliorate these problems, we propose two greedy thinning algorithms, which reduce the number of assimilated observations while retaining the essential information content of the data. In the first method, the number of points in the output set is increased iteratively. We use a clustering method with a distance metric that combines spatial distance with difference in observation values. In a second scheme, we iteratively estimate the redundancy of the current observation set and remove the most redundant data points. We evaluate the proposed methods with respect to a geometric error measure and compare them with a uniform sampling scheme. We obtain good representations of the original data with thinnings retaining only a small portion of observations. We also evaluate our thinnings of ATOVS satellite data using the assimilation system of the Deutscher Wetterdienst. Impact of the thinning on the analysed fields and on the subsequent forecasts is discussed. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Ternary Electrolyte Additive Mixtures for Li-Ion Cells that Promote Long Lifetime and Less Reactivity with Charged Electrodes at Elevated Temperatures (2015)

Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 (NMC111)/graphite and Li[Ni0.42Mn0.42Co0.16]O2 (NMC442)/graphite pouch cells demonstrate superb performance when ternary blends of electrolyte additives are added to the cells. These ternary blends contain one of vinylene carbonate (VC) or prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone (PES) plus a sulfur containing molecule and tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TTSPi). Here, the excellent charge-discharge capacity retention of cells containing these ternary blends of additives is demonstrated at both 45°C and 55°C by comparison to cells with only VC or PES additives alone. The impact of a number of sulfur- and phosphorous-containing electrolyte additives on the reactivity of charged electrode materials with electrolyte at elevated temperatures was studied using accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). The electrolyte additives, methylene methanedisulfonate (MMDS) and TTSPi, dramatically reduce the reactivity between lithiated (charged) graphite and electrolyte. The ternary electrolyte blends of VC + MMDS + TTSPi and PES + MMDS + TTSPi show no reactivity between charged graphite and electrolyte to above 200°C. By contrast, electrolytes with no additives or with PES alone show significant reactivity with lithiated graphite below 200°C. NMC/graphite cells with VC + MMDS + TTSPi or PES + MMDS + TTPSi additives will demonstrate long life and excellent safety.
Ink-Jet Printing on Plain-Papers (1989)

The introduction of letter-quality, plain-paper, ink-jet printers such as Hewlett-Packard's DeskJet Printer portents a dramatic change in the 1990's office. The ability of ink-jet to offer low-cost, letter-quality print on plain paper positions this technology squarely along with others used for mainstream office printing. The ability of ink-jet to operate on "plain-papers", coupled with the rising use of paper in office printers, suggests that users will begin to demand office papers that are compatible with this technology. Hewlett-Packard is actively working to understand what customers need from office printers and how these needs impact office papers.
Structural dissection of the multidomain kininogens. Fine mapping of the target epitopes of antibodies interfering with their functional properties. (1993)

Kininogens, the large precursor molecules of the vasoactive kinin peptides, are prototypic multidomain proteins serving numerous functions. To investigate their structure-function relationships, we have raised a panel of monoclonal antibodies against human H-kininogen and L-kininogen and fragments thereof and characterized them with respect to their target epitopes. Of 35 antibodies, 12 were directed to the amino-terminal domains (D1 to D3) of cystatin-like structure, 3 recognized domain D4 bearing the kinin segment, 17 bound to the carboxyl-terminal domains of H-kininogen (D5H and D6H), and 3 bound to the carboxyl-terminal domain D5L of L-kininogen. At least 14 distinct epitopes spread over the kininogen molecules were identified: 9 epitopes located on L-kininogen and 13 epitopes harbored by H-kininogen. Of these, 8 are shared by the two types of kininogens. Fine mapping of the epitopes by proteolytic fragments, recombinant proteins, and anti-idiotypic antibodies demonstrated that most but not all of the antibodies recognize liner epitopes. Synthesis of 28 peptides covering more than one-third of the entire kininogen sequences allowed us to narrow down seven major epitopes to 7-31 residues. Functional analyses identified 14 antibodies interfering with specific biological roles of the kininogens, i.e. cysteine proteinase inhibition, platelet attachment, cofactor binding, contact activation, and kinin delivery. Cross-reactivity studies indicated that three of the epitopes are present throughout the mammalian kininogens and further identified a unique epitope characteristic for the H/L-type of kininogens not present in their T-type. The panel of mapped antibodies provides powerful tools for the characterization of relevant interaction sites exposed by the pleiotropic kininogens and for the development of molecular surrogates mimicking these functional loci.
A Wake-Up Circuit With Temperature Compensated Clock In 1.2V-0.13 μm CMOS Technology (2007)

This paper reports on the design and implementation of a low-voltage, low-power Wake-Up circuit consisting on a Power-on-Reset module and a clock generator. No external components are used neither for the Power-on- Reset nor for the clock generation. The clock generator module is temperature compensated by applying a current limiting technique. The Wake-Up circuit has been fabricated in a 130 nm ultra-low power technology of STMicroelectronics in an area of 40 μm times 40 μm.
Applying nonlinear dynamics to ECG signal processing (1998)

This article presents a procedure used for describing dynamic electrical processes in the heart as the cause of the origin of the ECG signals. The Takens method of delays enables the authors to demonstrate the electrical activity of the heart in state space. It is difficult to say whether the state-space representation is more suitable for classification of heart disturbances than is the common time representation of the ECG signals. However, the analysis of planar vectorcardiographic loops in frontal, sagital, and horizontal planes, as often done by cardiologists, suggests that state space could be a promising approach. In the case of HRV data, it appears to be very promising. The authors suspect that some heart diseases could be better displayed in state space, but on the other hand, some diseases are rather difficult to recognize in that representation. From the authors' experiments with the correlation dimension of signals from their groups of patients (normal, bigeminy), it follows that the normal ECG signal has the smallest value of the correlation dimension (from 2.1 to 2.8, mean 2.46, STD 0.37). In the case of bigeminy, the correlation dimension increases with the increase of pathology (from 3.2 to 4.6, mean 3.81, STD 0.56). The opposite situation is valid for HRV data. The highest values of the correlation dimension are obtained with signals from healthy persons (15.3-7.6) and these values significantly decrease with pathology (3.7-4.9).
A Clottable Protein (Coagulogen) of Horseshoe Crab Hemocytes. Structural Change of Its Polypeptide Chain during Gel Formation1 (1976)

A clottable protein (coagulogen) isolated from a hemocyte lysate of the Japanese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) was incubated with an endotoxin-activated clotting enzyme(s) partially purified from the same lysate, and its structural change during gel formation was examined. The results indicated that the enzymatic formation of gel involved limited proteolysis of the Arg-Gly and Arg-Thr linkages located in the N-terminal portion of the coagulogen, liberating peptide C.
Real time implementation of forward gain-adaptive vector quantizer (2003)

A realization of a real-time forward-adaptive vector quantizer (VQ) for speech waveform coding on the TMS32010 digital-signal processor (DSP) chip is described. Two encoding algorithms have been implemented: the full search (vector dimension K=5) and search in subcodebook determined by the index and sign of the input vector co-ordinate having maximum magnitude (K=8). The speech signal is sampled at 8 kHz, and the vector quantization rate is 1 bit/sample. The hardware and software developed resides on two cards for use with IBM PC/XT-compatible computers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular rectification: asymmetric current–voltage curves from self-assembled monolayers of a donor–(π-bridge)–acceptor dye (2003)

Thioacetic acid S-(10-{4-[2-cyano-2-(4-dicyanomethylenecyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene)ethylidene]-4H-quinolin-1-yl}decyl) ester (1a) forms self-assembled monolayers on gold with loss of the acetyl group, the thickness and contact area being 2.25 ± 0.05 nm and 0.36 ± 0.03 nm2 molecule−1 respectively. The films exhibit asymmetric current–voltage characteristics, which have been unambiguously assigned to molecular rectification.
Auditing Partisan Audience Bias within Google Search (2018)

There is a growing consensus that online platforms have a systematic influence on the democratic process. However, research beyond social media is limited. In this paper, we report the results of a mixed-methods algorithm audit of partisan audience bias and personalization within Google Search. Following Donald Trump's inauguration, we recruited 187 participants to complete a survey and install a browser extension that enabled us to collect Search Engine Results Pages (SERPs) from their computers. To quantify partisan audience bias, we developed a domain-level score by leveraging the sharing propensities of registered voters on a large Twitter panel. We found little evidence for the "filter bubble'' hypothesis. Instead, we found that results positioned toward the bottom of Google SERPs were more left-leaning than results positioned toward the top, and that the direction and magnitude of overall lean varied by search query, component type (e.g. "answer boxes"), and other factors. Utilizing rank-weighted metrics that we adapted from prior work, we also found that Google's rankings shifted the average lean of SERPs to the right of their unweighted average.
Biodiversity of Aspergillus species in some important agricultural products (2007)

The genus Aspergillus is one of the most important filamentous fungal genera. Aspergillus species are used in the fermentation industry, but they are also responsible of various plant and food secondary rot, with the consequence of possible accumulation of mycotoxins. The aflatoxin producing A. flavus and A. parasiticus, and ochratoxinogenic A. niger, A. ochraceus and A. carbonarius species are frequently encountered in agricultural products. Studies on the biodiversity of toxigenic Aspergillus species is useful to clarify molecular, ecological and biochemical characteristics of the different species in relation to their different adaptation to environmental and geographical conditions, and to their potential toxigenicity. Here we analyzed the biodiversity of ochratoxin producing species occurring on two important crops: grapes and coffee, and the genetic diversity of A. flavus populations occurring in agricultural fields. Altogether nine different black Aspergillus species can be found on grapes which are often difficult to identify with classical methods. The polyphasic approach used in our studies led to the identification of three new species occurring on grapes: A. brasiliensis, A. ibericus, and A. uvarum. Similar studies on the Aspergillus species occurring on coffee beans have evidenced in the last five years that A. carbonarius is an important source of ochratoxin A in coffee. Four new species within the black aspergilli were also identified in coffee beans: A. sclerotioniger, A. lacticoffeatus, A. sclerotiicarbonarius, and A. aculeatinus. The genetic diversity within A. flavus populations has been widely studied in relation to their potential aflatoxigenicity and morphological variants L- and S-strains. Within A. flavus and other Aspergillus species capable of aflatoxin production, considerable diversity is found. We summarise the main recent achievements in the diversity of the aflatoxin gene cluster in A. flavus populations, A. parasiticus and the non-toxigenic A. oryzae. Studies are needed in order to characterise the aflatoxin biosynthetic genes in the new related taxa A. minisclerotigenes and A. arachidicola.
Comparison of Electrically-Assisted and Conventional Friction Stir Welding Processes by Feed Force and Torque (2013)

The process of friction stir welding involves high tool forces and requires robust machinery; the forces involved make tool wear a predominant problem. As a result, many alternatives have been proposed in decreasing tool forces such as laser assisted friction stir welding and ultra-sound assisted friction stir welding. However, these alternatives are not commercially successful on a large scale due to scalability and capital/maintenance costs. In an attempt to reduce forces in a cost-feasible manner, electrically-assisted friction stir welding (EAFSW) is studied in this work. EAFSW is a result of applying the concept of electrically-assisted manufacturing (i.e., passing high direct electrical current through a workpiece during processing) to the conventional friction stir welding process. The concept of EAFSW is a relatively new adaptation of conventional frictional stir welding, which is well established. The expected benefits are reduction in the feed force and torque, which allow for improved processing productivity as well as the possibility for deeper penetration of the weld.
An 8-way VLIW embedded multimedia processor built in 7-layer metal 0.11μm CMOS technology (2002)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation.
Novel Nickel Precursors for Chemical Vapor Deposition (2003)

High-purity Ni films were deposited from tetrakis(trialkyl phosphite)nickel(0) complexes, which were volatile solids or liquids, at substrate temperatures as low as 200 °C in the absence of hydrogen. The films exhibited smooth and dense surface morphology. The AFM image shows a Ni film with rms roughness of 3.19 nm.