gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Spiro Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Intramolecular Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation (1997)

The palladium-catalyzed intramolecular arylation reaction has been applied to the synthesis of the spiro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by formation of a six-membered ring. The reaction proceeds more readily with aryl bromides substituted with electron-withdrawing groups by using palladium acetate in N,N-dimethylformamide as the solvent. For the less reactive p-methoxyaryl derivatives the use of LiI as an additive was shown to give the best results. The results obtained in the cyclization of nitro derivatives 21 and 23 suggest that the second step of the cyclization reaction is not an electrophilic substitution reaction.
Functional brain imaging of human sleep (1998)

This paper presents an overview of the contribution of functional brain mapping to the study of human sleep. Early studies were essentially successful in describing the variations of the global level of cerebral metabolism. More recently, regional distribution of cerebral blood flow was reported. The results suggest that the permissive and executive processes of slow wave sleep and REM sleep are similar in humans and in animals. They also show cortical blood flow distributions specific to each sleep stage. The cellular mechanisms underlying the involvement of these cortical areas in sleep are not yet precisely known. They should be looked for by further investigations in animals. Future research in functional neuroimaging will attempt to explore functional and, hopefully, effective connectivity between cerebral areas involved in sleep processes. This final goal will probably require the co-registration of two or more brain imaging techniques to precisely describe the spatio-temporal course of neuronal interactions occurring during sleep.
A circularly-polarized corner reflector antenna (1957)

Unidirectional, circularly-polarized radiation may be obtained by tilting a dipole in a corner reflector. Inherent advantages of this antenna are the simplicity of both the construction and adjustment. The theory of images is employed to develop the basic theory of the antenna for the cases of greatest practical interest. An experimental investigation has been made on the radiation characteristics of a practical-sized antenna as a function of its geometric parameters. From this data, an antenna producing unidirectional, circularly-polarized radiation has been designed and constructed.
Isomerism in the Diels—Alder Reaction (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsomerism in the Diels—Alder ReactionH. L. Holmes, R. M. Husband, C. C. Lee, and P. KawulkaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 1, 141–142Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01181a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01181a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Variantes genéticas do gene IFITM3 revelam um potencial modificador da gravidade sintomática da gripe (2018)

Este trabalho foi financiado pela Fundacao Luso-Americana para o
Desenvolvimento (LACR Award program - 2007) e pela Fundacao para
a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, (POCTI/ESP/44826/2002), com
a comparticipacao dos fundos da Comunidade Europeia (FEDER).
The Clinical Implications of Cumulative Right Ventricular Pacing in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Trial II (2005)

Patients in MADIT II who were predominantly paced had a higher rate of new or worsened heart failure and were more likely to receive therapy for VT/VF. These results suggest the deleterious consequences of RV pacing, particularly in the setting of severe LV dysfunction.
Solubilization of C18‐Co A and C20‐CoA elongases from <i>Allium porrum</i> L. epidermal cell microsomes (1985)

The effects of n ‐octyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, Triton X‐100 and deoxycholate on acyl‐CoA elongation by Allium porrum L. epidermal cell microsomes showed that the Triton X‐100 specifically stimulated the synthesis of C22–C26 acids using C18‐CoA as primer, whereas the fatty acid elongation products of C20‐CoA remained essentially unchanged. n ‐Octyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside increased the C20 and C22 fatty acid syntheses to the same extent and deoxycholate inhibited C18‐CoA and C20‐CoA elongation. The presence of two different elongation systems, as suggested by these results, has been demonstrated. After solubilization by Triton X‐100, the C18‐CoA and C20‐CoA elongases were separated by sucrose density centrifugation. The fractions corresponding to sucrose concentrations of 0.51 and 0.62 M presented the maximal activities for C18‐CoA and C20‐CoA elongases, respectively. In addition, by gel filtration on a Sephacryl S‐300 column, the C20‐CoA and the C18‐CoA elongases have estimated apparent molecular masses under detergent conditions of 600 and 350 kDa, respectively.
Investigation of Novel Chemical Inhibitors of Human Lysosomal Acid Lipase: Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking Studies (2014)

In the current study, identification of new potent small inhibitors of human lysosomal acid lipase using structure-based methods has been reported. Virtual Screening (VS), compounds from literature and molecular docking studies were employed to find the suitable inhibitors against lysosomal acid lipase (LAL). Specifically for this study a homology model of LipA enzyme was generated based on the structure of dog gastric lipase. As a result of structurebased virtual screening 28 inhibitors were identified from ZINC database. Rest of the inhibitors were selected from literature. Among the studied 65 inhibitors, compound having zinc ID ZINC15707335 exhibiting minimum binding affinity and hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions with specific amino acid residues was selected as lead compound.
空気圧回路におけるスティックスリップ現象の発生限界の考察(その1.解析手法の確立と計算例) (1975)

Pneumatic control systems are used widely in industrial fields, e.g. sequential and continuous control systems, servomechanisms, etc. The most troublesome problem of pneumatic systems, especially with pneumatic cylinders, is stick-slip which is often observed when a small signal is applied. This paper deals with the theoretical analysis of critical conditions of stick-slip. At first, generalized mathematical equations of pneumatic cylinder were estabilished with a typical friction load, and converted to non-dimensional form. Then, these equations were solved in phase space, in terms of piston velocity［U］, cylinder pressure［P］relation of slideway. Finally, examples of analysis are shown, e.g. the range of stick-slip occurance is represented graphically, and the conditions under which stick-slip occurs or does not occur are given in U-P plane.
Copper-Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Imaging and Therapy (2016)

Copper based nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted increased attention for biomedical applications. Copper chalcogenide NPs exhibit strong absorption in near-infrared region, demonstrate highly efficient light-to-heat transformation under near-infrared laser irradiation, and cause selective thermal destruction to the tumor. Smaller copper NPs display fluorescence signal and capability for optical imaging. Copper based NPs also serve as a versatile vehicle for drug delivery and image-guided therapy. This review covers recent advances related to the biomedical application of copper based NPs, with a focus on cancer imaging and therapy. We also discuss challenges to their successful clinical translation.
Optimal task-level scheduling for cloud based multimedia applications (2013)

As an emerging computing paradigm, cloud computing has been increasingly used in multimedia applications. One fundamental challenge for application providers is how to effectively schedule multimedia tasks to multiple virtual machines for distributed processing. In this paper, we study task-level scheduling problem for cloud based multimedia applications. Specifically, we introduce a directed acyclic graph to model precedence constraints among tasks. Based on the model, we study the optimal task scheduling problem for the sequential, the parallel, and the mixed structures, respectively. Moreover, we propose a heuristic to perform the near optimal task scheduling in a practical way. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheduling scheme can optimally assign tasks to virtual machines to minimize the execution time.
Mechanistic Study on the Continuous Flow Electrocoagulation of Silica Nanoparticles from Polishing Wastewater (2006)

This study investigates the removal mechanisms involved in the monopolar, continuous-flow electrocoagulation of a polishing wastewater containing negatively charged silica particles. Using iron as the anodes, the mechanisms were inferred from the experimental observations of the changes in pH, zeta-potential, and turbidity as a function of reaction time, as well as from the sludge characterization. Two types of distinct mechanisms were observed, one involving particle destabilization by oppositely charged ferrous ions and the other involving coprecipitation or enmeshment of silica particles with the iron hydroxides. The former mechanism was apparently responsible for the formation of “surface flocs”, whereas the latter one was responsible for the “sediment sludge”. The sludge collected separately from the two “sinks” was distinctly different in both physical appearance and settling velocity. Furthermore, based on the sheer quantity of the surface flocs and the sediment sludge, the two mechanisms involved in the electrocoagulation process were equally important to the silica removal.
Advances in Mitotic Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment (2006)

Based on their mechanism of action, anti-tumor drugs that target the cell cycle can be generally divided into three categories, namely, blocking DNA synthesis, causing DNA damage, and disrupting mitotic processes. In terms of mitotic inhibitors, most compounds used in the clinic impair the normal function of mitotic spindles by targeting tubulins, basic building blocks of microtubules. In vivo, these compounds often exhibit significant side effects, thus limiting their efficacy. Mitotic processes are under tight control through surveillance mechanisms commonly termed checkpoints. Defects in the regulation of these checkpoints often result in genomic instability, which predisposes the cell to malignant transformation. As cancer is the consequence of uncontrolled cell division, great efforts have been devoted to discover drugs that target mitosis, thereby halting cell division and inducing mitotic catastrophe with minimal cytotoxicity to non-dividing or normally dividing cells. This review primarily focuses on mitotic proteins that have been explored as new targets for anti-cancer drug development during the past decade.
Multiplexing RTP Data and Control Packets on a Single Port (2010)

This memo discusses issues that arise when multiplexing RTP data packets and RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) packets on a single UDP port. It updates RFC 3550 and RFC 3551 to describe when such multiplexing is and is not appropriate, and it explains how the Session Description Protocol (SDP) can be used to signal multiplexed sessions.
Unsymmetrical secondary phosphine oxides. Synthetic, isotopic exchange, and stereochemical studies (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnsymmetrical secondary phosphine oxides. Synthetic, isotopic exchange, and stereochemical studiesThomas L. Emmick and Robert L. LetsingerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 13, 3459–3465Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01015a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01015a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1331Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distribution of tumor-associated antigens in the various histologic components of germ cell tumors of the testis (1981)

The various histologic components of 39 germ cell tumors of the testis were studied with indirect labeled immunoperoxidase technique for the presence of the following tumor-associated antigens: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), specific pregnancy beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1), human placental lactogen (HPL), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and ferritin (Fe). Embryonal carcinoma components were positive for AFP in 9/16, for A1AT in 6/16, for CEA in 2/16, and for Fe in 14/16. All yolk-sac tumor components were positive for AFP and Fe, and 8/13 contained A1AT and 2/13 CEA. Epithelium in teratoid components was positive for AFP in 5/14 cases, for A1AT in 8/14, for CEA in 7/14, and for Fe in 8/14. Syncytial trophoblast in choriocarcinoma components and syncytial giant cells were all positive for HCG, SP1 and HPL. In addition, tumor giant cells in two nonseminomatous tumors and in one seminoma contained HCG. Otherwise, all pure seminomas were negative for all antigens, except for Fe, which was positive in 12/16 cases. Demonstration of this functional aspect of germ cell tumors of the testis may clarify problems of classification and elucidate histogenesis. Furthermore, immunohistochemical demonstration of tumor-associated antigens is of value in the management of the patient as an indicator of which tumor markers should be used for monitoring the treatment. In addition, the presence of tumor-associated antigens may be used in prognostic evaluation.
An architecture for residential Internet telephony service (1999)

A new architecture that can be used for offering an Internet telephony service to residential customers is introduced. The architecture addresses scalability and availability requirements of mass-market deployment of carrier-grade services and supports interconnection with SS7 for Internet telephony calls to the public switched telephone network. The architecture is based on the concept of a gateway decomposition that separates the media transformation function of today's H.323 gateways from the gateway control function of the gateways and centralizes the intelligence in a call agent. The media gateway control protocol is introduced as the protocol between the call agent that assumes the gateway control function and the gateway that provides just the media transformation function. Interworking between the architecture and the public switched telephone network, the session initiation protocol, and H.323 are also discussed.
Self-Organized Inorganic Nanoparticle Arrays on Protein Lattices (2005)

Cavities formed by proteins have been utilized as the reaction chamber for the fabrication of a range of inorganic nanoparticles, providing control of the size of particles by limiting growth and preventing agglomeration. In crystal form, proteins construct molecular arrays that can provide regularly arranged sites for nanoparticles. Here we report the fabrication of nanometric iron and indium particles using ferritin, an iron-storage protein. The indium nanoparticles thus formed have uniform spherical shape with diameter of 6.6 +/- 0.5 nm, while the iron nanoparticles are somewhat irregular in shape (5.8 +/- 1.0 nm). Regular two-dimensional arrays of these nanoparticles are successfully produced by crystallizing ferritin molecules on a water-air interface using the denatured protein film method. The lattice constant of these nanoparticle arrays is 13 nm with hexagonal packing, and arrays of more than 1 microm in area can be obtained by transfer onto silicon wafer.
Autonomous induction generator withsinglephase rotor (2000)

An autonomous induction generator (IG) with an asymmetric configuration, both the stator and the rotor are single-phase, is shown to be capable of generating modulated waveforms. The experimental results are demonstrated to be in good agreement with the simulation waveforms and both strengthen the theoretical part. The developed equations can help as an IG design guideline. The modulated waveform periods are shown to be in a continuous transient state in a chaos manner. The IG is also explained by its steady-state equivalent circuit.
Performance Evaluation of CO2 Huff-n-Puff Gas Injection in Shale Gas Condensate Reservoirs (2018)

When the reservoir pressure is decreased lower than the dew point pressure in shale gas condensate reservoirs, condensate would be formed in the formation. Condensate accumulation severely reduces the commercial production of shale gas condensate reservoirs. Seeking ways to mitigate condensate in the formation and enhance both condensate and gas recovery in shale reservoirs has important significance. Very few related studies have been done. In this paper, both experimental and numerical studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of CO2 huff-n-puff to enhance the condensate recovery in shale reservoirs. Experimentally, CO2 huff-n-puff tests on shale core were conducted. A theoretical field scale simulation model was constructed. The effects of injection pressure, injection time, and soaking time on the efficiency of CO2 huff-n-puff were examined. Experimental results indicate that condensate recovery was enhanced to 30.36% after 5 cycles of CO2 huff-n-puff. In addition, simulation results indicate that the injection period and injection pressure should be optimized to ensure that the pressure of the main condensate region remains higher than the dew point pressure. The soaking process should be determined based on the injection pressure. This work may shed light on a better understanding of the CO2 huff-n-puff- enhanced oil recovery (EOR) strategy in shale gas condensate reservoirs.
Detection of runway boundary in ATC ground radar (2010)

The radar environment is usually nonstationary and an efficient adaptation requires real-time exploitation of a priori knowledge concerning the environment surrounding the radar. In an airport contest, the radar scenario is heavily influenced by the inevitable presence of interferences, the background clutter, but other interferences (presence of vehicles and unwanted signs on the runway) contribute to make difficult the target detection. In particular, the paper addresses the detection of the runway boundary in ATC (Air Traffic Control) ground radar signal which can be not well defined due to the grass growth in different period in the islands near the runways. The grass growth can cause critical situation because the signal level of the grass zones is equal to that of the asphalt and it needs a visual analysis by a human operator to determine the presence of objects and targets in this clutter area. An active contour search algorithm (Snake algorithm) is used for detecting the runway boundary in SMR radar images. In our application a standard Snake algorithm is adapted and it is possible to obtain a reasonable approximation of the actual contour, which greatly reduces drawbacks related to the presence of the local minima. The performance of the active contour algorithm is tested on a set of radar images extracted from SMR radar images acquired in Italian airports.
Clusters of bioactive compounds target dynamic endomembrane networks in vivo (2011)

Endomembrane trafficking relies on the coordination of a highly complex, dynamic network of intracellular vesicles. Understanding the network will require a dissection of cargo and vesicle dynamics at the cellular level in vivo. This is also a key to establishing a link between vesicular networks and their functional roles in development. We used a high-content intracellular screen to discover small molecules targeting endomembrane trafficking in vivo in a complex eukaryote, Arabidopsis thaliana. Tens of thousands of molecules were prescreened and a selected subset was interrogated against a panel of plasma membrane (PM) and other endomembrane compartment markers to identify molecules that altered vesicle trafficking. The extensive image dataset was transformed by a flexible algorithm into a marker-by-phenotype-by-treatment time matrix and revealed groups of molecules that induced similar subcellular fingerprints (clusters). This matrix provides a platform for a systems view of trafficking. Molecules from distinct clusters presented avenues and enabled an entry point to dissect recycling at the PM, vacuolar sorting, and cell-plate maturation. Bioactivity in human cells indicated the value of the approach to identifying small molecules that are active in diverse organisms for biology and drug discovery.
Bubbling and frothing liquids (2007)

We present a discrete particle based method capable of creating very realistic animations of bubbles in fluids. It allows for the generation (nucleation) of bubbles from gas dissolved in the fluid, the motion of the discrete bubbles including bubble collisions and drag interactions with the liquid which could be undergoing complex free surface motion, the formation and motion of coupled foams and the final dissipation of bubbles. This allows comprehensive simulations of dynamic bubble behavior. The underlying fluid simulation is based on the mesh-free Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method. Each particle representing the liquid contains an amount of dissolved gas. Gas is transferred from the continuum fluid model to the discrete bubble model at nucleation sites on the surface of solid bodies. The rate of gas transport to the nucleation sites controls the rate of bubble generation, producing very natural time variations in bubble numbers. Rising bubbles also grow by gathering more gas from the surrounding liquid as they move. This model contains significant bubble scale physics and allows, in principle, the capturing of many important processes that cannot be directly modeled by traditional methods. The method is used here to realistically animate the pouring of a glass of beer, starting with a stream of fresh beer entering the glass, the formation of a dense cloud of bubbles, which rise to create a good head as the beer reaches the top of the glass.