gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Petroleum Characterization by GC Field Ionization Time-of-Flight High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (2002)

Although mass spectrometry has been studied extensively in the past 50 years for analysis of petroleum and other fossil fuels, comprehensive characterization of total petroleum composition across a wide boiling range remains a challenge. In this work, we report our efforts in combining GC separation, field Ionization, and time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-FI-TOF HRMS) for detailed analyses of petroleum products with a carbon number range of C6-C44. GC separates hydrocarbon molecules by boiling points. FI generates intact molecular ions for both aromatic and saturate petroleum molecules eluting from the GC. The elemental compositions of these molecular ions are consequently resolved and identified by TOF HRMS with a mass resolving power up to 7000 (M/deltaMfwhm) and mass accuracy of +/-3 mDa, which in turn yields chemical information (heteroatomic content, number of rings plus double bond, and carbon number) for the petroleum molecules. The ability to resolve sulfur-containing hydrocarbons is greatly enhanced because of the unique combination.
Plane-to-plane positioning from image-based visual servoing and structured light (2005)

In this paper we face the problem of positioning a camera attached to the end-effector of a robotic manipulator so that it gets parallel to a planar object. Such problem has been treated for a long time in visual servoing. Our approach is based on linking to the camera several laser pointers so that its configuration is aimed to produce a suitable set of visual features. The aim of using structured light is not only for easing the image processing and to allow low-textured objects to be treated, but also for producing a control scheme with nice properties like decoupling, stability, well conditioning and good camera trajectory.
Clay Catalysis: A Convenient and Rapid Formation of Anhydride from Carboxylic Acid and Isopropenyl Acetate Under Microwave Irradiation (1993)

Abstract The Montmorillonite KSF catalyses the synthesis of anhydrides from carboxylic acids in the presence of isopropenyl acetate under microwave irradiations.
Chemokines and Brain Functions (2005)

Chemokines are small secreted proteins that chemoattract and activate immune and non-immune cells both in vivo and in vitro. Besides their well-established role in the immune system, several recent reports have suggested that chemokines and their receptors may also play a role in the central nervous system (CNS). The best-known central action is their ability to act as immuno-inflammatory mediators. Indeed, these proteins regulate the leukocyte infiltration in the brain during inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, recent studies clearly demonstrate that chemokines and their receptors are constitutively expressed by glial and neuronal cells in the CNS, where they are involved in intercellular communication. The goal of this review is to summarize recent information concerning the role of chemokines in brain functions. The first part will focus on the expression of chemokines and their receptors in the CNS with the main spotlight on the neuronal expression. In the second part, we will discuss the role of chemokines and their receptors in normal brain physiology. Because several chemokines are involved in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders, the role of chemokines and their receptors in these diseases is reviewed further in this section. In conclusion, the implication of chemokines in cellular communication could allow: i) to identify a new pathway for neuron-neuron and/or glia-glia and/or neuron-glia communications that are relevant to both normal brain function and neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases; ii) to develop new therapeutic approaches for still untreatable diseases further.
Targeting lymphocyte activation through the lymphotoxin and LIGHT pathways (2008)

Cytokines mediate key communication pathways essential for regulation of immune responses. Full activation of antigen-responding lymphocytes requires cooperating signals from the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related cytokines and their specific receptors. LIGHT, a lymphotoxin-beta (LTbeta)-related TNF family member, modulates T-cell activation through two receptors, the herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) and indirectly through the LT-beta receptor. An unexpected finding revealed a non-canonical binding site on HVEM for the immunoglobulin superfamily member, B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), and an inhibitory signaling protein suppressing T-cell activation. Thus, HVEM can act as a molecular switch between proinflammatory and inhibitory signaling. The non-canonical HVEM-BTLA pathway also acts to counter LTbetaR signaling that promotes the proliferation of antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) within lymphoid tissue microenvironments. These results indicate LTbeta receptor and HVEM-BTLA pathways form an integrated signaling circuit. Targeting these cytokine pathways with specific antagonists (antibody or decoy receptor) can alter lymphocyte differentiation and activation. Alternately, agonists directed at their cell surface receptors can restore homeostasis and potentially reset immune and inflammatory processes, which may be useful in treating autoimmune and infectious diseases and cancer.
Evidence of Stabilization in the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">Z</mml:mi></mml:math>-Pinch (2001)

Theoretical studies have predicted that the Z-pinch can be stabilized with a sufficiently sheared axial flow [U. Shumlak and C. W. Hartman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3285 (1995)]. A Z-pinch experiment is designed to generate a plasma which contains a large axial flow. Magnetic fluctuations and velocity profiles in the plasma pinch are measured. Experimental results show a stable period which is over 700 times the expected instability growth time in a static Z-pinch. The experimentally measured axial velocity shear is greater than the theoretical threshold during the stable period and approximately zero afterwards when the magnetic mode fluctuations are high.
Component-based Engineering of Web User Interface Designs for Evolutionary Optimization (2018)

Component-based approach has proved its effectiveness in modern web engineering, where programmers increasingly rely on web development frameworks. In front-end web development parts of available solutions cannot be reused directly, due to technical and legal obstacles, so we propose a specific process to generate web user interfaces (WUI) designs from configurable components. The similarity between the generated designs and the exemplary high-quality solutions retrieved from case base is then optimized within the evolutionary algorithm. In our current paper we designate the structure of the components and justify the employment of Drupal as the organizational framework. We also describe the implementation details, including the two supplemental software tools that we developed: 1) web intelligence miner that collects website-related data from linked open data sources and 2) web UI screenshot analyzer that converts it into semantic-spatial representation in JSON format. Finally, we specify the new solutions generation algorithm, per the three WUI dimensions: functionality, layout and visual appearance.
Improved Light Output of Photonic Crystal Light-Emitting Diode Fabricated by Anodized Aluminum Oxide Nano-Patterns (2008)

A photonic crystal (PC) light-emitting diode (LED) was fabricated using an anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) nano-pattern technique, which has potential applications to mass production. The AAO nano-pattern, which was anodized in 0.3-M oxalic acid at 70 V, was transferred to the n-GaN bottom cladding through reactive ion etching and covered during the regrowth of GaN to form periodic air holes. The PC was embedded into the bottom cladding, which resulted in a low operating voltage. For the PC LED, the light output was enhanced by more than 20%, while the operating voltage increased only slightly. The radiation pattern of the PC LED showed two lobes at approximately plusmn30deg, which originated from the diffraction by PC.
A high-throughput modular architecture for three-step search block matching motion estimation (2002)

The three-step hierarchical search block matching motion estimation algorithm has played an important role in low bit rate video coding because of its low computation complexity compared to the full search block matching motion estimation algorithm (FBMA). A modular architecture for the three-step hierarchical search BMA is presented, which features a throughput rate, as high as 1/N block per clock cycle, and a low memory bandwidth with random access on-chip local memory. Furthermore, 100% processor utilization has been achieved by using a method called pipeline interleaving. As such, this architecture offers a feasible solution for the Grand Alliance HDTV picture format with a large search range.
An Anilinoquinazoline Derivative Inhibits Tumor Growth through Interaction with hCAP-G2, a Subunit of Condensin II (2012)

We screened 46 novel anilinoquinazoline derivatives for activity to inhibit proliferation of a panel of human cancer cell lines. Among them, Q15 showed potent in vitro growth-inhibitory activity towards cancer cell lines derived from colorectal cancer, lung cancer and multiple myeloma. It also showed antitumor activity towards multiple myeloma KMS34 tumor xenografts in lcr/scid mice in vivo. Unlike the known anilinoquinazoline derivative gefitinib, Q15 did not inhibit cytokine-mediated intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation. Using our mRNA display technology, we identified hCAP-G2, a subunit of condensin II complex, which is regarded as a key player in mitotic chromosome condensation, as a Q15 binding partner. Immunofluorescence study indicated that Q15 compromises normal segregation of chromosomes, and therefore might induce apoptosis. Thus, our results indicate that hCAP-G2 is a novel therapeutic target for development of drugs active against currently intractable neoplasms.
Calcium and Activation of the Release of Endothelium‐Derived Relaxing Factor (1988)

Indirect and direct experimental evidence demonstrates that both the entry of extracellular calcium and the liberation of calcium from intracellular stores can contribute to an increase in free cytoplasmic calcium concentration in endothelial cells, which seems to be an essential step in the synthesis and/or release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors(s). A variety of Ca2+ transport mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of cytoplasmic calcium in endothelial cells. Ca2+ entry may occur via voltage-operated Ca2+ channels. If they do exist, these channels may have characteristics different from those in underlying vascular smooth muscle cells. Sustained activation of the release of EDRF by various receptor agonists (e.g., acetylcholine, adenine nucleotides, and bradykinin) is also dependent on Ca2+ entry, but it is insensitive to organic Ca2+ channel antagonists. These findings indicate that, when used clinically in various cardiovascular diseases, organic calcium channel antagonists are not expected to interfere with endothelium-dependent relaxation evoked by endogenous vasoactive substances (e.g., ADP, serotonin). Since amiloride and its analogues blocked endothelium-dependent relaxations in different arterial preparations, Na+ transport and Na+/Ca2+ exchange were suggested to play a role in calcium-dependent release of EDRF. The exact nature of Ca2+ transport mechanisms and also the calcium-sensitive cellular processes that lead to the synthesis/release of endothelium derived relaxing factor(s) remain to be determined. However, the available data suggest that calcium handling by the vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells may be different, allowing potentially selective modulation of Ca2+ activation in these two cell types.
Asymmetric synthesis of (-)-steganone. Further application of chiral biaryl syntheses (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric synthesis of (-)-steganone. Further application of chiral biaryl synthesesA. I. Meyers, Joseph R. Flisak, and R. Alan AitkenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 18, 5446–5452Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00252a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00252a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1511Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
H+-induced Membrane Insertion of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Involves the HA2 Amino-terminal Fusion Peptide but Not the Coiled Coil Region (1996)

Fusion of influenza virus with target membranes is induced by acid and involves complex changes in the viral envelope protein hemagglutinin (HA). In a first, kinetically distinct step, the HA polypeptide chain 2 (HA2) is inserted into the target membrane bilayer. Using hydrophobic photolabeling with the phospholipid analogue 1-O-hexadecanoyl-2-O-[9-[[[2-[125I]iodo-4(trifluoromethyl-3H-diazirin -3-yl)benzyl]oxy]carbonyl]nonanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, we identified the segment within HA2 that interacts with the membrane. The sole part of the HA2 ectodomain that was labeled with the membrane-restricted reagent is the NH2-terminal fusion peptide (residues 1-22). No labeling occurred within the long coiled coil region generated during the acid-induced conformational transition (Bullough, P. A., Hughson, F. M., Skehel, J. J., and Wiley, D. C. (1994) Nature 371, 37-43). These data strongly suggest that the coiled coil region of HA2 does not insert into the lipid bilayer. This conclusion is at variance with the recent suggestion (Yu, Y. G., King, D. S., and Shin, Y.-K.(1994) Science 266, 274-276) that the coiled coil of HA may splay apart and insert into the target membrane, providing a mechanism by which the viral and the target membrane may come in close apposition.
High-speed tensile test instrument (2007)

A novel high-speed tensile test instrument is described, capable of measuring the mechanical response of elastomers at strain rates ranging from 10 to 1600 s(-1) for strains through failure. The device employs a drop weight that engages levers to stretch a sample on a horizontal track. To improve dynamic equilibrium, a common problem in high speed testing, equal and opposite loading was applied to each end of the sample. Demonstrative results are reported for two elastomers at strain rates to 588 s(-1) with maximum strains of 4.3. At the higher strain rates, there is a substantial inertial contribution to the measured force, an effect unaccounted for in prior works using the drop weight technique. The strain rates were essentially constant over most of the strain range and fill a three-decade gap in the data from existing methods.
<title>Digital Decoding Of In-Line Holograms</title> (1987)

Digitally sampled in-line holograms may be linearly filtered to reconstruct a representation of the original object distribution, thereby decoding the information contained in the hologram. The decoding process is performed by digital computation rather than optically. Substitution of digital for optical decoding has several advantages, including selective suppression of the twin-image artifact, elimination of the far-field requirement, and automation of the data reduction and analysis process. The proposed filter is a truncated series expansion of the inverse of that operator that maps object opacity function to hologram intensity. The first term of the expansion is shown to be equivalent to conventional (optical) reconstruction, with successive terms increasingly sup-pressing the twin image. The algorithm is computationally efficient, requiring only a single fast Fourier transform pair.
Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is a direct target of the vitamin D receptor and is strongly up‐regulated in myeloid cells by 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D <sub>3</sub> (2005)

The innate immune system of mammals provides a rapid response to repel assaults from numerous infectious agents including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. A major component of this system is a diverse combination of cationic antimicrobial peptides that include the alpha- and beta-defensins and cathelicidins. In this study, we show that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and three of its analogs induced expression of the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene. This induction was observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), immortalized keratinocyte, and colon cancer cell lines, as well as normal human bone marrow (BM) -derived macrophages and fresh BM cells from two normal individuals and one AML patient. The induction occurred via a consensus vitamin D response element (VDRE) in the CAMP promoter that was bound by the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Induction of CAMP in murine cells was not observed and expression of CAMP mRNA in murine VDR-deficient bone marrow was similar to wild-type levels. Comparison of mammalian genomes revealed evolutionary conservation of the VDRE in a short interspersed nuclear element or SINE in the CAMP promoter of primates that was absent in the mouse, rat, and canine genomes. Our findings reveal a novel activity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the VDR in regulation of primate innate immunity.
Insertion loss comparison of microcollimators used to propagate light in and out of single-mode fibers (2004)

Most telecom components use lenses to collimate the beam emerging from a single-mode fiber and again, after some manipulation of the beam, to focus the beam back into an output fiber. In response to the drive for smaller components, collimator lenses have shrunk and a number of new microcollimator types been introduced. Several of the newer collimator types involve lenses that are fused to the fiber. Optical software was used to model six different types of microcollimators divided into three different size categories. Because not all of the six types were applicable in all three of the size categories, a total of eleven different collimator systems were modeled. A collimator system consists of an input collimator and an identical output collimator. Each collimator includes a single-mode fiber and a collimating lens. In order to achieve equivalence, all of the collimators in the same size category produce an intermediate waist with the same mode field diameter and distance from the lens surface to the intermediate waist. An algorithm is presented to determine the necessary physical parameters (lengths and radii) for a collimator to produce the appropriate beam criteria for a given size category. Once the physical parameters for the collimator systems were determined, all of the collimator systems were examined for insertion loss in their ideal configuration as well as in the presence of fabrication and alignment errors. All of the insertion loss analyses were performed using coherent field propagation starting from the fundamental fiber mode of the input fiber, through the collimating lenses, and finishing with the calculation of the overlap integral of the field inside the output fiber with the fundamental fiber mode. No thin lens or paraxial propagation assumptions are made...The results indicate that the collimator types involving lenses that are fused to the fiber are less sensitive to longitudinal fiber and collimator shifts than the components with the fiber and lens not in direct contact.
The Auditory Brain Stem Response I-V Amplitude Ratio in Normal, Cochlear, and Retrocochlear Ears (1984)

The auditory brain stem response I-V amplitude ratio was measured for 25 normal, 25 cochlear, and 25 retrocochlear ears. Results indicated that amplitude ratios of less than 1.00 seldom occurred in the normal or cochlear ears. However, 44% of the retrocochlear ears revealed an amplitude ratio of less than 1.00. Details of this analysis and discussion of the clinical implications of these results are presented.
Molecular requirements for rapid plasmacytoma and Pre‐B lymphoma induction by abelson murine leukemia virus in <i>myc</i>‐transgenic mice (1994)

Mutants and fusion products of the c-abl gene were used to define some of the molecular requirements for rapid plasmacytoma (PC) and pre-B-lymphoma induction in pristane-treated N-myc transgenic BALB/c mice. A-MuLV induced PCs in 21 of 25 mice with a mean post-pristane latency period of 46 +/- 9 days, compared to 134 +/- 25 days in controls exposed to pristane alone. delta XB, a mutant of type IV c-abl with a deletion of the SH3 domain, was equally effective in inducing PCs in 7 of 7 mice with a latency period of 49 +/- 7 days, indicating that gag sequences are not required for rapid PC induction. The delta XB delta Nar mutant that carried a large C-terminal deletion in addition showed only a negligible activity, if any, suggesting that PC acceleration requires the C-terminal domain in the same way as lymphoid transformation and in contrast to fibroblast transformation. BCR-ABL fusion constructs encoding an 185-kDa protein as in acute leukemia, or a 210-kDa protein as in chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), did not accelerate pristane-induced PC development in the N-myc transgenic mice, in contrast to their known ability to immortalize lymphoid cells in vitro. Only one of 14 non-transgenic littermates developed a pre-B lymphoma after A-MuLV infection, and none of 10 normal littermates infected with delta XB virus developed a construct-carrying tumor. This result suggests that PC acceleration is due to co-operative interaction of the N-myc transgene and activated abl. Infection of N-myc transgenic bone marrow or spleen cells with A-MuLV in vitro led to the outgrowth of pre-B lymphomas after transplantation to pristane-treated BALB/c recipients. The lymphoma-inducing activity of A-MuLV depends on its high titer, since diluted A-MuLV or the lower-titered delta XB induced only PCs under the same conditions. The v-abl, delta XB and BCR-ABL-carrying viruses generated immortalized lymphoblastoid lines in vitro, regardless of the presence of the N-myc transgene, suggesting that lymphoid transformation is a direct function of appropriate abl sequences in contrast to PC acceleration.
A rapid procedure for isolation of large quantities of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I utilizing a lambdapolA transducing phage. (1979)

DNA polymerase I produced by infection of Escherichia coli K12 with the specialized transducing phage lambdapolA has been purified by a simplified procedure and shown to be identical with the enzyme produced by uninfected E. coli in all aspects which have been examined. The abundance of the enzyme in infected cells and the ease with which it may be purified will simplify the study of the enzyme's physical and chemical characteristics. In addition, the enzyme is now much more readily available for use as an analytical tool in nucleic acid sequence and structure studies.
ATLANTIC DIP: Closing the Loop (2012)

Changing the process of clinical care delivery can improve outcomes in women with pregestational diabetes.