gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RISUG® as a male contraceptive: journey from bench to bedside (2020)

Even after decades of research men still lack reliable and reversible contraceptive methods comparable to female methods of contraception. Traditional methods of male contraception present a high failure rate and also involve high risk both when used for contraception and for protection against sexually transmitted diseases. Various chemical, hormonal, immunological, vas based and herbal methods of contraception have been examined by scientists world over during the past four decades. Among the possible lead approaches, exogenous hormonal contraception, either alone or in combination with progesterone or antiandrogen, is being viewed at low profile because of their insufficiency in inducing uniform suppression of spermatogenesis and steroid related long term complications. As an alternative to vasectomy, among various intravasal devices being examined, RISUG<sup>®</sup> (Reversible Inhibition of Sperm Under Guidance), a co-polymer of styrene and maleic anhydride offers long term contraception with safety, efficacy and it can be delivered by no-scalpel injection. Thus it is the only male contraceptive procedure currently under Phase- III Clinical Trial. The non-invasive reversal technique, successfully demonstrated in langur monkeys and functional reversal achieved with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO<sub>3</sub>) in rats and rabbits with safety at F<sub>1</sub> generation (first filial generation) have projected RISUG<sup>®</sup> as a better alternative to vasectomy. In this narrative review we revisit the long journey of RISUG<sup>®</sup> beginning with formulation on a bench towards reaching the market as a safe and effective contraceptive method, discussing various milestones and roadblocks of this expedition awaiting the mandatory regulatory clearance from the Government of India. Successful completion of ongoing phase III clinical trials with demonstration of reversal in human volunteers will give an indigenously developed male contraceptive to the world.
3-Substituted Thiophenes. III. Antihistaminics of the N-(3-Thenyl)-ethylenediamine Series (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-Substituted Thiophenes. III. Antihistaminics of the N-(3-Thenyl)-ethylenediamine SeriesE. Campaigne and William M. LeSuerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 1, 333–335Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01169a094https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01169a094research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views399Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genistein produces reduction in growth and induces apoptosis of rat RPE-J cells (2000)

To investigate the effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, on the growth of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell.The tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, was administered in culture to the rat retinal pigment epithelial cell line, RPE-J. The effect on cell viability and growth was assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed morphologically by light and electron microscopy and oligonucleosomal fragmentation was assessed by TUNEL and DNA ladder. Quantitation was undertaken by propidium iodide staining and photometric enzyme immunoassay. Western blot was performed to study poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase cleavage (PARP). To confirm the involvement of caspase, the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk was employed. In addition, cell cycle phase was determined by flow cytometry.We here demonstrate that genistein treatment of RPE-J cells produces a dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition. Genistein in higher concentration induces apoptosis of rat RPE-J cell. z-VAD-fmk inhibited this type of apoptosis and cleavage of PARP enzyme was demonstrated. Ten micromolar genistein inhibited cell proliferation by G(0)/G(1) arrest without inducing apoptosis of the major population. Whereas 50 microM genistein caused growth inhibition of RPE-J cells by G(2)/M arrest and subsequent apoptotic death.Genistein inhibits RPE cell growth and induces apoptosis. The ability of genistein to inhibit the proliferation and to induce apoptosis of RPE cells could be potentially therapeutic for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Molybdenum Nitride Films in the Back Contact Structure of Flexible Substrate CdTe Solar Cells (2011)

CdTe solar cells in the superstrate configuration have achieved record efficiencies of 16% but those in the substrate configuration have reached efficiencies of only 7.8%. A major reason for the lower efficiency of substrate CdTe solar cells is the poor back contact. In this work, CdTe solar cells of the substrate configuration have been fabricated on flexible metallic substrates. For this type of devices, impurity diffusion out of stainless-steel substrates due to high temperature processing can be a cause for poor cell performance. It is necessary to investigate ways of improving the back contact by trying to mitigate the above factors. In this work, Nitrogen has been incorporated in Molybdenum by RF magnetron sputtering. Nitrogen incorporation has helped achieve a 2% increase in efficiency for the best cell and an improvement of 1.5% on an average.
Integrated results for dual low voltage IC based high and low side gate drive (2005)

An IC design for high and low side gate drive is presented based on use of two identical low voltage ICs that provide a low cost alternative to existing high voltage IC drivers. The approach uses a single external coupling capacitor between the two ICs with on-chip circuitry to provide charge pump power supply and on/off signaling. Design details are given for each of the core blocks of a custom IC prototype fabricated in a 15 V, 0.8 mum CMOS process. Experimental results are presented demonstrating successful drive of a 200 V half-bridge with an LCC electronic ballast and 32 W linear fluorescent lamp (LFL) load
CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) are Functionally Equivalent in the Initiation and Maintenance of CD4 <sup>+</sup> T-Cell Proliferation after Activation with Suboptimal Doses of PHA (2002)

Effective activation of T cells requires engagement of two separate T-cell receptors. The antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) binds foreign peptide antigen-MHC complexes, and the CD28 receptor binds to the B7 (CD80/CD86) costimulatory molecules expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APC). The simultaneous triggering of these T-cell surface receptors with their specific ligands results in an activation of this cell. In contrast, CTLA-4 (CD152) is a distinct T-cell receptor that, upon binding to B7 molecules, sends an inhibitory signal to T cell activation. Many in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that both CD80 and CD86 ligands have an identical role in the activation of T cells. Recently, functions of B7 costimulatory molecules in vivo have been investigated in B7-1 and/or B7-2 knockout mice, and the authors concluded that CD86 could be more important for initiating T-cell responses, while CD80 could be more significant for maintaining these immune responses. In this study, we directly compared the role of CD80 and CD86 in initiating and maintaining proliferation of resting CD4(+) T cells in an in vitro mode system that allowed to provide the first signal-to-effector cells through the use of suboptimal doses of PHA and the second costimulatory signal through cells expressing CD80 or CD86, but not any other costimulatory molecules. Using this experimental system we demonstrate that the CD80 and CD86 molecules can substitute for each other in the initial activation of resting CD4(+) T cells and in the maintenance of their proliferative response.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted 2‐Isoxazolines: Asymmetric Hydroxylamine/Enone Cascade Reaction (2010)

Eine Sequenz von Addition, Cyclisierung und Dehydrierung liefert die biologisch wichtigen chiralen 3,5-Diaryl-5-(trifluormethyl)-2-isoxazoline 1 in hervorragenden Ausbeuten und hohen Enantioselektivitäten. Der gezielte Zugang zum S- oder R-Enantiomer der Produkte wurde durch die Wahl eines geeigneten Phasentransferkatalysators (2) eröffnet. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Supporting reuse and configuration (1991)

Article Free Access Share on Supporting reuse and configuration: a port based SCM model Authors: D. Aquilino Istituto di Elaborazione, dell'Informazione CNR, Piss Istituto di Elaborazione, dell'Informazione CNR, PissView Profile , P. Asirelli Istituto di Elaborazione, dell'Informazione CNR, Piss Istituto di Elaborazione, dell'Informazione CNR, PissView Profile , P. Inverardi Istituto di Elaborazione, dell'Informazione CNR, Piss Istituto di Elaborazione, dell'Informazione CNR, PissView Profile , P. Malara Istituto di Elaborazione, dell'Informazione CNR, Piss Istituto di Elaborazione, dell'Informazione CNR, PissView Profile Authors Info & Claims SCM '91: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Software configuration managementMay 1991 Pages 62–67https://doi.org/10.1145/111062.111070Online:01 May 1991Publication History 1citation224DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads224Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Suboptimum multiuser receivers for convolutionally coded asynchronous DS-CDMA systems (1996)

Motivated by the high complexity of the optimal sequence estimator for convolutionally coded asynchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems, developed by Giallorenzi and Wilson (see ibid., vol.44, no.8, p.997, 1996), and the potentially poor performance of the conventional receiver due to multiuser interference and the near-far problem, we examine relatively simple multiuser receivers which perform nearly as well as the optimal receiver. The multiuser receivers discussed are of two types. The first set of approaches are partitioned approaches that treat the multiuser interference equalization problem and the decoding problem separately. The second set of approaches are integrated approaches that perform both the equalization and decoding operations together. We study linear, decision feedback, and trellis/tree-based approaches in each category. The asymptotic efficiency of this receiver relative to an uncoded coherent binary phase shift keying (BPSK) receiver (termed asymptotic multiuser coding gain, or AMCG) is used as a performance criterion throughout. Also, computer simulations are used whenever the computation of the AMCG is not feasible. It is shown that a number of the approaches which are introduced achieve a high performance level with a moderate complexity.
The Ubiquitous Home (2007)

Abstract Owing to the progress of wired and wireless home networking, sensor networks, networked appliances, mechanical and control engineering and computers themselves, we can realize smart homes nowadays and many smart home projects are proceeding in the world What we have to be careful is not to repeat the same thing as the h ome automation technologies that were booming in 1970’s. That is to say, automation should not become a goal of the smart home technologies. In this paper, a real-life test bed, called the ”Ubiquitous Home, ” is presented. In the Ubiquitous Home, a robot plays a role of interface for the residents. Three kinds of context-aware servi ces have been implemented and a real-life living experiment was conducted. The experimental results are reported.
Freedom, Necessity, and Suffering in God (2014)

Abstract This chapter aims to set out some agreements and some disagreements with Professor Fiddes’s concept of the freedom and suffering of God. First, it suggests that God is not free in the sense that God can be whatever God chooses. God has a ‘given’ nature. For instance, God necessarily exists and is powerful and loving. Secondly, God is dipolar, necessarily possessing such properties, but contingently free in the way God exercises creativity and love. Thirdly, God is changed by creation, and suffers in empathy with the sufferings and evils of creation. Fourthly, there is a distinction between what God wills and what God creates by necessity, which explains how God can oppose much evil and suffering in creation. Fifthly, although God suffers, there is no desolation or alienation in the divine being, since the victory of goodness is assured. This is true even, or especially, of the cross of Christ.
Nisin A depletes intracellular ATP and acts in bactericidal manner against Mycobacterium smegmatis* (1999)

Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by many strains of Lactococcus lactis. This study examined the effect of nisin on Mycobacterium smegmatis, a non-pathogenic species of Mycobacterium. Nisin had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 8.0 micrograms ml-1 and a minimum inhibitory dose of 7.5 micrograms ml-1 against Myco. smegmatis. Treatment with 25.0 micrograms ml-1 nisin caused partial inhibition of Myco smegmatis; the survivors were nisin-sensitive when tested in a separate experiment. Mycobacterium smegmatis cells exposed to 50.0 micrograms ml-1 of nisin, lost their viability. the effect of nisin on the growth of Myco. smegmatis was both time- and concentration-dependent. Nisin (10.0 micrograms ml-1) caused 97.7 +/- 2.0% reduction in internal ATP and leakage of intracellular ATP out of Myco. smegmatis cells after several hours of treatment. These data suggest that nisin inhibits Myco. smegmatis by the same mechanism by which it inhibits other bacteria and warrants further investigation as a possible antitubercular agent.
Endogenous Growth and Structural Change in a Dynamic Input-Output Model (2001)

This paper introduces a simple dynamic input-output model, in which some of the most important properties of recent endogenous growth theory are included: innovation, knowledge spillovers, constant returns to scale at the macro level, and full employment. The wish to keep the hybrid model as tractable as possible (despite the industry detail) caused some substantial simplifications: contrary to most endogenous growth models, the model lacks an explicit microeconomic foundation and disregards any opportunity for instantaneous substitution. After the constituent equations are presented, the long-run behavior of the model is studied by a number of computer simulations for a hypothetical economy. The paper concludes with some illustrations of the potential practical power of future interindustry endogenous growth models in integrating issues like technology, investment, trade and education.
Flavonolignans and Other Constituents from<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>with Activities in Anti-inflammation and Human Cancer Cell Lines (2015)

From the roots of Lepidium meyenii Walpers (Brassicaceae) have been isolated and identified 2 flavonolignans, tricin 4'-O-[threo-β-guaiacyl-(7″-O-methyl)-glyceryl] ether (1) and tricin 4'-O-(erythro-β-guaiacyl-glyceryl) ether (2), along with 11 other known compounds, tricin (3), pinoresinol (4), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (5), guanosine (6), glucotropaeolin (7), desulfoglucotropaeolin (8), 3-hydroxybenzylisothiocyanate (9), malic acid benzoate (10), 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (11), d-phenylalanine (12), and vanillic acid 4-O-β-d-glucoside (13). Structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS data. Some isolates and previously isolated lepidiline B (14) were tested for cytotoxicity in a small panel of human cancer cell lines (Hep G2, COLO 205, and HL-60) and for anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophage. Among them, compounds 1 and 14 were modestly active for inhibiting nitrite production in macrophage. Compounds 1, 14, and 3 were demonstrated to be selectively active against HL-60 cells with IC50 values of 40.4, 52.0, and 52.1 μM, respectively.
A mapping path for multi-GPGPU accelerated computers from a portable high level programming abstraction (2010)

Programmers for GPGPU face rapidly changing substrate of programming abstractions, execution models, and hardware implementations. It has been established, through numerous demonstrations for particular conjunctions of application kernel, programming languages, and GPU hardware instance, that it is possible to achieve significant improvements in the price/performance and energy/performance over general purpose processors. But these demonstrations are each the result of significant dedicated programmer labor, which is likely to be duplicated for each new GPU hardware architecture to achieve performance portability.
Molecular Mechanism of Acrylamide Neurotoxicity: Lessons Learned from Organic Chemistry (2012)

These possibilities have substantial implications for environmental risk assessment and were realized through an understanding of ACR adduct chemistry. The approach delineated here can be broadly applied because many toxicants of different chemical classes are electrophiles that produce toxicity by interacting with cellular proteins.
Growth of Heavily Phosphorus-Doped (111) Silicon Crystals (2009)

By improving the heater system and argon (Ar) flow mode, adopting appropriate pulling rate, and optimizing other growth parameters, heavily phosphorus (P) -doped (111) silicon crystals with more than 100mm diameter were grown using 305mm quartz crucibles by Czochralski method. The dislocation generation of heavily P-doped (111) silicon crystals was found to be different from the usual silicon crystals. A large quantity of germanium(Ge) was doped with heavily P in silicon crystals to reduce the misfit lattice and enhance the stability of dislocation-free crystal growth.
Promoter hypomethylation and reactivation of<i>MAGE-A1</i>and<i>MAGE-A3</i>genes in colorectal cancer cell lines and cancer tissues (2006)

The promoter hypomethylation of MAGE genes up-regulates its expression in colorectal carcinomas as well as in gastric cancers and might play a significant role in the development and progression of human colorectal carcinomas.
Effects of Acute Hyperventilation on Serum Potassium in the Dog (1990)

The effects of increasing respiratory rates on arterial pH, PaCO2, HCO3, and potassium (K) were measured in normal anesthetized dogs. Hyperventilation resulted in increased pH, decreased PaCO2, decreased HCO3, and decreased K compared with those parameters in spontaneously breathing dogs. The changes were related quantitatively: each 10 mmHg decrease in PaCO2 was associated with a pH increase of 0.1, a HCO3 decrease of 2.0 mEq/L, and a K decrease of 0.4 mEq/L. There were no cardiac arrhythmias or clinical signs of hypokalemia. After termination of hyperventilation, serum K was slower to return to control values than PaCO2. The ratio of the duration of hyperventilation to the time required for return of serum K to control was 0.67.
DISINTEGRATION OF LIQUID PHASES IN PRESSURIZED GASES - INFLUENCE OF MASS TRANSFER (2002)

The atomization of liquids in gases at atmospheric pressure is subject of a variety of experimental investigations, empiric and physical models. The atomization of liquid phases in pressurized gases has become increased interest. The a im of the present investigation is the e nlightenment of the basic phenomena at t he disintegration of liquid jets in pressurized gases up to 35 MPa at temperatures up to 393 K and the measurement of the influence of mass transfer between the liquid and the gas phase on the disintegration process.
Study on crop adhesion genetic determinant in Lactobacillus reuteri. (1986)

The genetic determinant responsible for adherence in one strain of Lactobacillus reuteri isolated from chicken crop has been investigated. After curing experiments carried out on this strain, a plasmid-free derivative was obtained, resulting unchanged as regards adhesion ability and carbohydrate fermentation pattern, but showing a loss of antibiotic resistances. It is suggested a possible localization on chromosome of adhesion determinant.
Increasing Mechanical Strength of Gelatin Hydrogels by Divalent Metal Ion Removal (2014)

The usage of gelatin hydrogel is limited due to its instability and poor mechanical properties, especially under physiological conditions. Divalent metal ions present in gelatin such as Ca(2+) and Fe(2+) play important roles in the gelatin molecule interactions. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of divalent ion removal on the stability and mechanical properties of gelatin gels with and without chemical crosslinking. The gelatin solution was purified by Chelex resin to replace divalent metal ions with sodium ions. The gel was then chemically crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). Results showed that the removal of divalent metal ions significantly impacted the formation of the gelatin network. The purified gelatin hydrogels had less interactions between gelatin molecules and form larger-pore network which enabled EDC to penetrate and crosslink the gel more efficiently. The crosslinked purified gels showed small swelling ratio, higher crosslinking density and dramatically increased storage and loss moduli. The removal of divalent ions is a simple yet effective method that can significantly improve the stability and strength of gelatin hydrogels. The in vitro cell culture demonstrated that the purified gelatin maintained its ability to support cell attachment and spreading.
Innovative Structure for Mechanical Energy Scavenging (2007)

In this paper we present a new type of electrostatic conversion microstructure dedicated to mechanical energy scavenging: a multigap comb fingers microstructure fabricated thanks to a nickel electro forming process in a silicon sacrificial mould. This structure provides repeatable capacitance variations allowing higher global conversion efficiency up to 70-80 %, and lower operating voltages (<50 V) opening the path to the integration of the management electronics. A complete, few mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> in size, vibration micro power supply based on electrostatic transduction is now just a feet away.