gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
400Gb/s Single Carrier Transmission With Integrated Coherent Optics (2016)

We report 400Gb/s single carrier transmission over 80km standard fiber using highly integrated optics in CFP2 form factor. 400Gb/s is achieved just below soft decision FEC limit while the improvement is reported with discrete receiver.
Ontology-based annotation of brain MRI images. (2008)

This paper describes a hybrid system for annotating anatomical structures in brain Magnetic Resonance Images. The system involves both numerical knowledge from an atlas and symbolic knowledge represented in a rule-extended ontology, written in standard web languages, and symbolic constraints. The system combines this knowledge with graphical data automatically extracted from the images. The annotations of the parts of sulci and of gyri located in a region of interest selected by the user are obtained with a reasoning based on a Constraint Satisfaction Problem solving combined with Description Logics inference services. The first results obtained with both normal and pathological data are promising.
Gastroretentive Delivery Systems: Hollow Beads (2004)

The objective of this study was to develop a floatable multiparticulate system with potential for intragastric sustained drug delivery. Cross-linked beads were made by using calcium and low methoxylated pectin (LMP), which is an anionic polysaccharide, and calcium, LMP, and sodium alginate. Beads were dried separately in an air convection type oven at 40 degrees C for 6 hours and in a freeze dryer to evaluate the changes in bead characteristics due to process variability. Riboflavin (B-2), tetracycline (TCN), and Methotrexate (MTX) were used as model drugs for encapsulation. Ionic and nonionic excipients were added to study their effects on the release profiles of the beads. The presence of noncross linking agents in low amounts (less than 2%) did not significantly interfere with release kinetics. For an amphoteric drug like TCN, which has pH dependent solubility, three different pHs (1.5, 5.0, and 8.0) of cross-linking media were used to evaluate the effects of pH on the drug entrapment capacity of the beads. As anticipated, highest entrapment was possible when cross-linking media pH coincided with least drug solubility. Evaluation of the drying process demonstrated that the freeze-dried beads remained buoyant over 12 hours in United States Pharmacopeia (USP) hydrochloride buffer at pH 1.5, whereas the air-dried beads remained submerged throughout the release study. Confocal laser microscopy revealed the presence of air-filled hollow spaces inside the freeze dried beads, which was responsible for the flotation property of the beads. However, the release kinetics from freeze dried beads was independent of hydrodynamic conditions. Calcium-pectinate-alginate beads released their contents at much faster rates than did calcium-pectinate beads (100% in 10 hours vs. 50% in 10 hours). It appears that the nature of cross-linking, drying method, drug solubility, and production approach are all important and provide the opportunity and potential for development of a gastroretentive drug delivery system.
Improved vessel enhancement for fully automatic coronary modeling (2009)

3D coronary modeling extracts the centerlines and width of the coronary arteries from a rotational sequence of angiographies. This process heavily relies on a preliminary filtering of the 2D angiograms that enhances the vessels. We propose an improved vessel enhancement method specifically designed for this application. It keeps the advantages of Hessian-based extraction methods (speed, robustness, multiscale) while bypassing its more important limitations: the blurring of bifurcations, and the incomplete filling of very large vessels. The major contributions of this paper are twofold. First, the classical centered kernel used in Hessian-based methods is substituted with an elongated off-centered kernel. The new filter detects the different orientations involved at a bifurcation: it can answer properly to 'half vessels' beginning at the considered pixel (as opposed to the centered classical filter). The proposed "semi-oriented ridge" filter is also more robust to noise, and it stays multi-scale and quickly computable. Second, an original bifurcation detection and enhancement method is presented, based on the following heuristics: "bifurcations have three vessels (at least) in their immediate neighborhood". More precisely, the semi-oriented ridges answers in each tested orientation θ∈]-π,π] are stored in a circular histogram. The proposed bifurcation energy is the height of the third peak in this histogram: it will have a significant value at bifurcations only. The performance of the complete framework is demonstrated both on the produced vessel maps and on the final modeling results.
Vapor deposition processes for amorphous carbon films with <i>sp</i>3 fractions approaching diamond (1991)

Trends in recently reported data on high sp3 fraction (up to 85%), nonhydrogenated amorphous diamond-like carbon films deposited by ion beam sputtering and laser vaporization are examined. The degree of diamondlike film character is found to depend upon the deposition technique as well as the substrate temperature and thermal diffusivity. The data suggest that the combination of incident particle kinetic energy and surface accommodation determine the physical properties of the resultant film. A model is proposed for the condensation of energetic carbon atoms into diamondlike films in which a quench-type surface accommodation mechanism is operative.
Mutations in cardiac myosin heavy-chain genes cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (1992)

Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (FHC) is a genetically inherited disorder of heart muscle. Over the past 40 years many studies have been done to describe in detail the clinical presentation of this disease and its associated pathophysiological consequences. The primary focus of this review is to discuss more recent studies involving the genetic mapping of one locus on chromosome 14, which causes FHC, and then to summarize studies demonstrating that this locus contains mutations in the cardiac myosin heavy chain genes. The chromosomal location of other putative FHC loci will also be considered. Finally, the implications of results that demonstrate that cardiac myosin heavy chain defects produce the pathophysiology of FHC will be considered from both clinical and basic research perspectives.
SYNTHESIS OF THE FOUR POSSIBLE STEREOISOMERS OF<i>N</i>-2′-METHYLBUTYL-2-METHYLBUTYLAMIDE, THE SEX PHEROMONE OF THE LONGHORN BEETLE<i>MIGDOLUS FRYANUS</i>WESTWOOD (2001)

The four stereoisomers of N-2′-methylbutyl-2-methylbutylamide, the sex pheromone of the longhorn beetle Migdolus fryanus, an economically important pest of sugarcane in South America, were synthesized. The key intermediate 2-methylbutan-1-ol is commercially available only in its (S)-(−)-form. The (R)-(+)-enantiomer was obtained optically pure from methyl (S)-(+)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate in five steps.
Structural basis for sequence-dependent DNA cleavage by nonspecific endonucleases (2006)

Nonspecific endonucleases hydrolyze DNA without sequence specificity but with sequence preference, however the structural basis for cleavage preference remains elusive. We show here that the nonspecific endonuclease ColE7 cleaves DNA with a preference for making nicks after (at 3'O-side) thymine bases but the periplasmic nuclease Vvn cleaves DNA more evenly with little sequence preference. The crystal structure of the 'preferred complex' of the nuclease domain of ColE7 bound to an 18 bp DNA with a thymine before the scissile phosphate had a more distorted DNA phosphate backbone than the backbones in the non-preferred complexes, so that the scissile phosphate was compositionally closer to the endonuclease active site resulting in more efficient DNA cleavage. On the other hand, in the crystal structure of Vvn in complex with a 16 bp DNA, the DNA phosphate backbone was similar and not distorted in comparison with that of a previously reported complex of Vvn with a different DNA sequence. Taken together these results suggest a general structural basis for the sequence-dependent DNA cleavage catalyzed by nonspecific endonucleases, indicating that nonspecific nucleases could induce DNA to deform to distinctive levels depending on the local sequence leading to different cleavage rates along the DNA chain.
The elastic constants of polycrystalline carbons and graphites (1964)

Abstract An attempt is made to produce a model for the small strain elastic constants of polycrystalline carbons and graphites in terms of the dislocations present in the crystallites constituting the material. The model is mainly based on the effects of fast neutron irradiation on the moduli of reactor graphites and carbons, but a wide variety of evidence is discussed and reviewed, and explanations suggested for the observations.
Nitrile-stabilized carbanions. Nucleophilic substitution reactions on bromopyridines (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitrile-stabilized carbanions. Nucleophilic substitution reactions on bromopyridinesGeorge R. Newkome, Young J. Joo, David W. Evans, Sebastiano Pappalardo, and Frank R. FronczekCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 4, 786–790Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00239a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00239a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1168Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Effects of Increase in .ALPHA.-Amylase and Endo-Protease Activities during Germination on the Breadmaking Quality of Wheat. (2001)

The effects of increase in α-amylase and endo-protease activities during germination on the deterioration of the breadmaking quality of hard wheat were examined using three varieties with different strengths of gluten: VictoriaINTA, Harunoakebono, and Leader. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The degradation of the breadmaking quality of flour damaged in germination differed greatly according to the gluten strength of each variety. VictoriaINTA, which has extra-strong gluten, was more tolerant of the germination damage than the other varieties with strong gluten. (2) The degradation of specific loaf volume, which is caused by lowering the gas retention of the dough, was the result of the softening of the dough that was observed as a decrease in the mixing peak time and the breaking force of the dough. (3) The α-amylase and endo-protease activities of flours did not seemed to influence the breadmaking quality, although there was a considerably high correlation between endo-protease activity of whole wheat flour and breadmaking quality. From these results, it would seem that the main reason that flour damaged during germination degrades breadmaking quality is the endo-protease in the wheat grain, which already causes partial gluten decomposition. Accordingly, it might be better to examine the endo-protease activity of whole wheat flour at harvest ripeness in order to estimate the value of breadmaking quality within the hard-wheat breeding system.
High performance annotation-aware JVM for Java cards (2005)

Early applications of smart cards have focused in the area of personal security. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for networked, multi-application cards. In this new scenario, enhanced application-specific on-card Java applets and complex cryptographic services are executed through the smart card Java Virtual Machine (JVM). In order to support such computation-intensive applications, contemporary smart cards are designed with built-in microprocessors and memory. As smart cards are highly area-constrained environments with memory, CPU and peripherals competing for a very small die space, the VM execution engine of choice is often a small, slow interpreter. In addition, support for multiple applications and cryptographic services demands high performance VM execution engine. The above necessitates the optimization of the JVM for Java Cards.In this paper we present the concept of an annotation-aware interpreter that optimizes the interpreted execution of Java code using Java bytecode SuperOperators (SOs). SOs are groups of bytecode operations that are executed as a specialized VM instruction. Simultaneous translation of all the bytecode operations in an SO reduces the bytecode dispatch cost and the number of stack accesses (data transfer to/from the Java operand stack) and stack pointer updates. Furthermore, SOs help improve native code quality without hindering class file portability. Annotation attributes in the class files mark the occurrences of valuable SOs, thereby dispensing the expensive task of searching and selecting SOs at runtime. Besides, our annotation-based approach incurs minimal memory overhead as opposed to just-in-time (JIT) compilers.We obtain an average speedup of 18% using an interpreter customized with the top SOs formed from operation folding patterns. Further, we show that greater speedups could be achieved by statically adding to the interpreter application-specific SOs formed by top basic blocks. The effectiveness of our approach is evidenced by performance improvements of (upto) 131% obtained using SOs formed from optimized basic blocks.
Adhesive block copolymers for tissue repair and drug delivery (2003)

Triblock copolymers are of considerable interest in drug delivery because of their self-assembly properties and their ability to form hydrogels by warming from ambient to body temperature. In this paper, we describe a route for the conjugation of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine (DOPA) to the endgroups of PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers. DOPA is an unusual amino acid found in mussel adhesive proteins (MAPS) that is believed to lend adhesive characteristics to these proteins. DOPA-containing proteins have been found to be mucoadhesive, so we surmised that incorporation of DOPA into block copolymers could improve the mucoadhesivity of these hydrogels. DOPA-modified Pluronics were freely soluble in cold water, and the copolymers aggregated into micelles at characteristic temperatures that depended on block copolymer composition and concentration in solution. Above a block copolymer concentration of approximately 20 wt%, solutions of DOPA-modified PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers exhibited sol-gel transitions upon heating, and the characteristic temperature could be tailored between /spl sim/23/spl deg/C and 46/spl deg/C by changing the composition, concentration and molecular weight of the block copolymer. Rheological measurement of the bioadhesive interaction between DOPA-modified Pluronic and bovine submaxillary mucin indicated that DOPA-modified Pluronic was significantly more bioadhesive than unmodified Pluronic.
A Hensel lifting to replace factorization in list-decoding of algebraic-geometric and Reed-Solomon codes (2000)

This article presents an algorithmic improvement to Sudan's (see J. Complexity, vol.13, p.180-93, 1997) list-decoding algorithm for Reed-Solomon codes and its generalization to algebraic-geometric codes from Shokrollahi and Wasserman (see ibid., vol.45, p.432-37, 1999). Instead of completely factoring the interpolation polynomial over the function field of the curve, we compute sufficiently many coefficients of a Hensel development to reconstruct the functions that correspond to codewords. We prove that these Hensel developments can be found efficiently using Newton's method. We also describe the algorithm in the special case of Reed-Solomon codes.
Self-Assembly of Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers: A General Phenomenon Generating Honeycomb-Patterned Nanofibrous Structures (2011)

A general phenomenon that electrospun polymer nanofibers self-assemble into honeycomb-patterned nanofibrous structures (HNFSs) is reported. We used electrospinning to produce charged polymer nanofibers, which were kept in liquid state (wet) on landing on the substrates by appropriately controlling the electrospinning conditions. Driven by the competitive actions of surface tension and electrostatic repulsion, these charged wet nanofibers self-assemble into the HNFSs. Fabrication of the well-defined three-dimensional HNFSs was successfully demonstrated for three different polymers, that is, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyethylene oxide. The pore diameter of the obtained honeycomb structures spans a wide range from micrometers to over 200 μm with depths as large as over 150 μm. The pore walls are composed of uniaxially aligned polymer nanofibers.
Temperature Effect on the Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> to Four Different Cephalosporins (1982)

Forty isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were tested for in vitro susceptibility to cephalothin, cefamandole, cefotaxime, and moxalactam, using the disk diffusion and microbroth dilution methods at incubation temperatures of 30 and 35 degrees C. Resistance to all four antibiotics was more clearly evident at an incubation temperature of 30 degrees C.
Pipelined reduced-state sequence estimation (2002)

The throughput of reduced-state sequence estimation (RSSE) is limited by a substantially longer recursive loop than the add-compare-select function, which is the bottleneck of Viterbi decoding. This paper reformulates the RSSE algorithm to allow pipelining of the branch metric and decision-feedback computation. With this approach the critical path is shortened to the order of the add-compare-select function with only modest increase in hardware.
Enantioselective Enzyme-Catalyzed Aziridination Enabled by Active-Site Evolution of a Cytochrome P450 (2015)

One of the greatest challenges in protein design is creating new enzymes, something evolution does all the time, starting from existing ones. Borrowing from nature's evolutionary strategy, we have engineered a bacterial cytochrome P450 to catalyze highly enantioselective intermolecular aziridination, a synthetically useful reaction that has no natural biological counterpart. The new enzyme is fully genetically encoded, functions <i>in vitro</i> or in whole cells, and can be optimized rapidly to exhibit high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee) and productivity (up to 1,000 catalytic turnovers) for intermolecular aziridination, demonstrated here with tosyl azide and substituted styrenes. This new aziridination activity highlights the remarkable ability of a natural enzyme to adapt and take on new functions. Once discovered in an evolvable enzyme, this non-natural activity was improved and its selectivity tuned through an evolutionary process of accumulating beneficial mutations.
The psychological unconscious: Found, lost, and regained. (1992)

In response to Greenwald's article on contemporary research on unconscious mental processes, the authors address three issues: (a) the independence of much recent research and theory from psychodynamic formulations; (b) the broad sweep of the psychological unconscious, including implicit perception, memory, thought, learning, and emotion; and (c) the possibility that the analytic power of unconscious processing may depend both on the manner in which mental contents are rendered unconscious and the manner in which they are to be processed.
Formation of Gold Particles on Nanoscale Toroidal DNA Assembled with Bis(ethylenediamine)gold(III) (2010)

DNA toroids formed by calf thymus DNA and trivalent cation bis(ethylenediamine)gold(III) are investigated using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Stable dispersions containing toroids with diameters of around 44 nm and thicknesses between 12 and 17 nm are readily prepared. These toroids are shown to be a robust platform for the preparation of metallic nanomaterials. Depending on the reaction conditions, the reduction of gold(III) in their presence can result in either toroids coated with many small (<10 nm) gold particles or larger continuous gold structures.
Master handbook of 1001 practical electronic circuits (1975)

Master handbook of 1001 practical electronic circuits , Master handbook of 1001 practical electronic circuits , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Efficient and effective metasearch for text databases incorporating linkages among documents (2001)

Linkages among documents have a significant impact on the importance of documents, as it can be argued that important documents are pointed to by many documents or by other important documents. Metasearch engines can be used to facilitate ordinary users for retrieving information from multiple local sources (text databases). There is a search engine associated with each database. In a large-scale metasearch engine, the contents of each local database is represented by a representative. Each user query is evaluated against he set of representatives of all databases in order to determine the appropriate databases (search engines) to search (invoke) In previous word, the linkage information between documents has not been utilized in determining the appropriate databases to search. In this paper, such information is employed to determine the degree of relevance of a document with respect to a given query. Specifically, the importance (rank) of each document as determined by the linkages is integrated in each database representative to facilitate the selection of databases for each given query. We establish a necessary and sufficient condition to rank databases optimally, while incorporating the linkage information. A method is provided to estimate the desired quantities stated in the necessary and sufficient condition. The estimation method runs in time linearly proportional to the number of query terms. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the high retrieval effectiveness of the method.
Diffusion of Water Molecules in Amorphous Silica (2012)

The diffusive penetration of atmospheric water vapor into amorphous silica (a-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) degrades the performance of electronic devices. In this letter, we calculate the range of activation energies for water diffusion in a-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> such that the diffusion time through, for example, a 0.5-m protective layer is on the order of the decadal time scale, as required in typical applications. We find that for all practical purposes, silica composed of n -member rings is impenetrable to water vapor for n ≤ 5 . Thus, we conclude that the distribution of n-member rings in a-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and, specifically, the n >; 5 fraction is the critical parameter for predicting device performance.