gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conditional Speculation: An Effective Approach to Safeguard Out-of-Order Execution Against Spectre Attacks (2019)

Speculative execution side-channel vulnerabilities such as Spectre reveal that conventional architecture designs lack security consideration. This paper proposes a software transparent defense mechanism, named as Conditional Speculation, against Spectre vulnerabilities found on traditional out-of-order microprocessors. It introduces the concept of security dependence to mark speculative memory instructions which could leak information with potential security risk. More specifically, security-dependent instructions are detected and marked with suspect speculation flags in the Issue Queue. All the instructions can be speculatively issued for execution in accordance with the classic out-of-order pipeline. For those instructions with suspect speculation flags, they are considered as safe instructions if their speculative execution will not refill new cache lines with unauthorized privilege data. Otherwise, they are considered as unsafe instructions and thus not allowed to execute speculatively. To reduce the performance impact from not executing unsafe instructions speculatively, we investigate two filtering mechanisms, Cachehit based Hazard Filter and Trusted Page Buffer based Hazard Filter to filter out false security hazards. Our design philosophy is to speculatively execute safe instructions to maintain the performance benefits of out-of-order execution while blocking the speculative execution of unsafe instructions for security consideration. We evaluate Conditional Speculation in terms of performance, security and area. The experimental results show that the hardware overhead is marginal and the performance overhead is minimal.
Online Safe Trajectory Generation for Quadrotors Using Fast Marching Method and Bernstein Basis Polynomial (2018)

In this paper, we propose a framework for online quadrotor motion planning for autonomous navigation in unknown environments. Based on the onboard state estimation and environment perception, we adopt a fast marching-based path searching method to find a path on a velocity field induced by the Euclidean signed distance field (ESDF) of the map, to achieve better time allocation. We generate a flight corridor for the quadrotor to travel through by inflating the path against the environment. We represent the trajectory as piecewise Bézier curves by using Bernstein polynomial basis and formulate the trajectory generation problem as typical convex programs. By using Bézier curves, we are able to bound positions and higher order dynamics of the trajectory entirely within safe regions. The proposed motion planning method is integrated into a customized light-weight quadrotor platform and is validated by presenting fully autonomous navigation in unknown cluttered indoor and outdoor environments. We also release our code for trajectory generation as an open-source package.
Substituted γ-Lactones. I. Preparation of α-Substituted γ-Butyrolactones by Condensation of γ-Butyrolactone with Aldehydes. Hydrogenation of the Condensation Products (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted γ-Lactones. I. Preparation of α-Substituted γ-Butyrolactones by Condensation of γ-Butyrolactone with Aldehydes. Hydrogenation of the Condensation ProductsHANS ZIMMER and JOHANNES ROTHECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 1, 28–32Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01083a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01083a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views362Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vasculostatin Inhibits Intracranial Glioma Growth and Negatively Regulates <i>In vivo</i> Angiogenesis through a CD36-Dependent Mechanism (2009)

Angiogenesis is a critical physiologic process that is appropriated during tumorigenesis. Little is known about how this process is specifically regulated in the brain. Brain angiogenesis inhibitor-1 (BAI1) is a brain-predominant seven-transmembrane protein that contains five antiangiogenic thrombospondin type-1 repeats (TSR). We recently showed that BAI1 is cleaved at a conserved proteolytic cleavage site releasing a soluble, 120 kDa antiangiogenic factor called vasculostatin (Vstat120). Vstat120 has been shown to inhibit in vitro angiogenesis and suppress subcutaneous tumor growth. Here, we examine its effect on the intracranial growth of malignant gliomas and further study its antitumor mechanism. First, we show that expression of Vstat120 strongly suppresses the intracranial growth of malignant gliomas, even in the presence of the strong proangiogenic stimulus mediated by the oncoprotein epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII). This tumor-suppressive effect is accompanied by a decrease in tumor vascular density, suggesting a potent antiangiogenic effect in the brain. Second, and consistent with this interpretation, we find that treatment with Vstat120 reduces the migration of cultured microvascular endothelial cells in vitro and inhibits corneal angiogenesis in vivo. Third, we show that these antivascular effects critically depend on the presence of the cell surface receptor CD36 on endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo, supporting the role of Vstat120 TSRs in mediating these effects. These results advance the understanding of brain-specific angiogenic regulation, and suggest that Vstat120 has therapeutic potential in the treatment of brain tumors and other intracerebral vasculopathies.
MRI using radiofrequency magnetic field phase gradients (2009)

Conventionally, MR images are formed by applying gradients to the main static magnetic field (B0). However, the B0 gradient equipment is expensive, power-hungry, complex, and noisy and can induce eddy currents in nearby conducting structures, including the patient. Here, we describe a new silent, B0 gradient-free MRI principle, Transmit Array Spatial Encoding (TRASE), based on phase gradients of the radio-frequency (RF) field. RF phase gradients offer a new method of k-space traversal. Echo trains using at least two different RF phase gradients allow spin phase to accumulate, causing k-space traversal. Two such RF fields provide one-dimensional imaging and three are sufficient for two-dimensional imaging. Since TRASE is a k-space method, analogues of many conventional pulse sequences are possible. Experimental results demonstrate one-dimensional and two-dimensional RF MRI and slice selection using a single-channel, transmit/receive, 0.2 T, permanent magnet, human MR system. The experimentally demonstrated spatial resolution is much higher than that provided by RF receive coil array sensitivity encoding alone but lower than generally achievable with B0 gradients. Potential applications are those in which one or more of the features of simplified equipment, lower costs, silent MRI, or the different physics of the image formation process are particularly advantageous.
Two subsets of human CD4<sup>+</sup>T helper cells differing in kinetics and capacities to produce interleukin 2 and interferon‐γ can be defined by the Leu‐18 and UCHLl monoclonal antibodies (1988)

Human CD4+ T helper cells were separated into CD4+45R+ and CD4+45R- cells. When stimulated with the polyclonal activator staphylococcal enterotoxin A in the presence of autologous monocytes, these two subsets exhibited a striking difference in production of interleukin 2 (IL2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). While the CD4+45R- subset produced maximal amounts of IL2 within 24 h and IFN-gamma within 72 h, the CD4+45R+ subset produced no IL2 within 24 h and merely marginal amounts of IFN-gamma as assayed after 24 to 96 h. This discrepancy between the subsets was found when the cells were stimulated by other accessory cell-dependent activators and by the accessory-independent combination of the calcium ionophore A23187 and the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate as well. The inability of the CD4+45R+ cells to produce IL2 during the first day of culture was not due to any modulation of either the CD4 or the CD45R antigens, as purified CD4+45R+ cells obtained by negative panning selection with the reciprocal UCHL1 monoclonal antibody responded in a similar manner as the positively selected sorted CD4+45R+ cells. Analysis of the kinetics of IL2 production by the two T helper cell subsets clearly demonstrated that the IL2 recorded after 1 day of culture was entirely produced by the CD4+45R- cells, whereas the CD4+45R+ cells produced IL2 during and after the second day of culture. This discrepancy in kinetics was not due to an increased absorption of IL2 by the CD4+45R+ cells during the first day of culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Analyzing dependencies in large component-based systems (2002)

Component-based development has become an important area in the software engineering field. In spite of this, there has been little effort to understand and to manage the different forms of dependencies that can occur in systems built from components. Dependencies reflect the potential for one component to affect or be affected by the elements (e.g., other components) that compose the system. Understanding dependencies is an essential requirement to perform important tasks, such as evolution and testing, during a component-based system's life cycle. In this paper, we present a technique to analyze dependencies in large component-based systems.
Dynamic Grouped Routing Optical Networks for Cost Effective and Agile Wavelength Services (2013)

We propose a dynamic control algorithm for coarse granular optical routing networks that provide wavelength services. Numerical experiments elucidate its significant switch scale reduction at nodes while keeping fiber increment to marginal level.
The Variational Structure of Disparity and Regularization of 4D Light Fields (2013)

Unlike traditional images which do not offer information for different directions of incident light, a light field is defined on ray space, and implicitly encodes scene geometry data in a rich structure which becomes visible on its epipolar plane images. In this work, we analyze regularization of light fields in variational frameworks and show that their variational structure is induced by disparity, which is in this context best understood as a vector field on epipolar plane image space. We derive differential constraints on this vector field to enable consistent disparity map regularization. Furthermore, we show how the disparity field is related to the regularization of more general vector-valued functions on the 4D ray space of the light field. This way, we derive an efficient variational framework with convex priors, which can serve as a fundament for a large class of inverse problems on ray space.
Bit Patterned Media at 1 Tdot/in<sup>2</sup> and Beyond (2013)

Bit patterned media (BPM) provide an alternative to conventional granular thin film recording media, circumventing the challenges of managing grain size and its associated noise and thermal stability issues in granular media. A viable fabrication strategy involves creation of a master pattern by rotary-stage e-beam lithography and directed self-assembly of block copolymers, followed by pattern replication via UV-cure nanoimprint lithography and pattern transfer to a magnetic thin film by ion beam etching. These steps have been demonstrated for 150 Gdot/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (1 Tdot/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) hcp patterns, achieving a dot placement tolerance of 1.2 nm 1σ and a defect rate of <; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . Media samples fabricated in this manner from continuous CoCrPt alloy films have achieved a 1σ switching field distribution of 4% of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> . A 2T medium SNR of nearly 14 dB and a write bit error rate of 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> have been shown using a static tester with a conventional product read/write head. Modeling and experiment suggest that higher recording density can be achieved using BPM with a bit aspect ratio (BAR) >; 1. A master pattern generation generation strategy for BAR>; 1 with rectangular islands is shown using intersecting lines generated by directed self-assembly of lamellar block copolymers in combination with spacer-defined line doubling.
Selection and Initial Characterization of Partially Nitrate Tolerant Nodulation Mutants of Soybean (1989)

Since NO(3) (-) availability in the rooting medium seriously limits symbiotic N(2) fixation by soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), studies were initiated to select nodulation mutants which were more tolerant to NO(3) (-) and were adapted to the Midwest area of the United States. Three independent mutants were selected in the M(2) generation from ethyl methanesulfonate or N-nitroso-N-methylurea mutagenized Williams seed. All three mutants (designated NOD1-3, NOD2-4, and NOD3-7) were more extensively nodulated (427 to 770 nodules plant(-1)) than the Williams parent (187 nodules plant(-1)) under zero-N growth conditions. This provided evidence that the mutational event(s) affected autoregulatory control of nodulation. Moreover, all three mutants were partially tolerant to NO(3) (-); each retained greater acetylene reduction activity when grown hydroponically with 15 millimolar NO(3) (-) than did Williams at 1.5 millimolar NO(3) (-). The NO(3) (-) tolerance did not appear to be related to an altered ability to take up or metabolize NO(3) (-), based on solution NO(3) (-) depletion and on in vivo nitrate reductase assays. Enhanced nodulation appeared to be controlled by the host plant, being consistent across four Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains tested. In general, the mutant lines produced less dry weight than the control, with root dry weights being more affected than shoot dry weights. The nodulation trait has been stable through the M(5) generation in all three mutants.
A Case Study in Multinational Corporate Accountability: Ecuador's Indigenous Peoples Struggle for Redress (2004)

following a merger between the two companies.See infra text accompanying note 68.In this paper, the name Texaco is used for activitlies before 2001 and ChevronTexaco is used for activities following 2001.
Ultrasonic Guided Waves for Inspection of Grouted Tendons and Bolts (2003)

There is currently a need to improve the nondestructive testing techniques that are used to inspect grouted steel reinforcing tendons, anchors, and rock bolts for corrosion and fracture. A method of inspection using guided ultrasonic waves has been proposed, which uses a pulse-echo technique carried out from the free end of the structure. The maximum inspection range is determined by the amount of attenuation that the wave experiences as a result of leakage into the embedding material and material losses. However, previous work has identified high frequency modes that have low attenuation and so increase the inspection range. Research has been carried out with a focus on the inspection of the posttensioning tendons used to reinforce concrete. The research presented in this paper uses experimental techniques to measure the attenuation in short lengths of grouted tendons, to evaluate the reflection coefficient of the modes from different geometry breaks, and to assess the impact of tendon curvature. The outcome of this research shows that the inspection range for tendons is limited, but the outlook for the inspection of the larger diameter grouted bolts and rebars that are used in the construction industry is promising. Considerable success has already been achieved in the testing of epoxy bonded rock bolts using this method.
Modeling and simulation of a Stewart platform type parallel structure robot (1989)

The kinematics and dynamics of a Stewart Platform type parallel structure robot (NASA's Dynamic Docking Test System) were modeled using the method of kinematic influence coefficients (KIC) and isomorphic transformations of system dependence from one set of generalized coordinates to another. By specifying the end-effector (platform) time trajectory, the required generalized input forces which would theoretically yield the desired motion were determined. It was found that the relationship between the platform motion and the actuators motion was nonlinear. In addition, the contribution to the total generalized forces, required at the actuators, from the acceleration related terms were found to be more significant than the velocity related terms. Hence, the curve representing the total required actuator force generally resembled the curve for the acceleration related force. Another observation revealed that the acceleration related effective inertia matrix I sub dd had the tendency to decouple, with the elements on the main diagonal of I sub dd being larger than the off-diagonal elements, while the velocity related inertia power array P sub ddd did not show such tendency. This tendency results in the acceleration related force curve of a given actuator resembling the acceleration profile of that particular actuator. Furthermore, it was indicated that the effective inertia matrix for the legs is more decoupled than that for the platform. These observations provide essential information for further research to develop an effective control strategy for real-time control of the Dynamic Docking Test System.
Non-functional requirements in business process modeling (2008)

chris_pav @ au1.ibm.com, joezou @ au1.ibm.com Business process modeling entails the capture of a set of tasks that invariably model the functional behavior of a system. Another aspect of business process modeling involves the accurate capture of operational behavior and the associated process constraints. Whether the process is automated or manual, such operational constraints and behavior exist. This may include a variety of properties including performance expectations, policy constraints, and security controls. These characteristics later manifest as the non-functional requirements of an intended system, and often such information is generally identified at some point after the business process modeling exercise. The non-functional characteristics of the business are arguably more difficult to capture in business process modeling, since the focus of such methods is the modeling of functional behavior. We propose how two new artifacts may be applied to model the constraints associated with a business process. This is the operating condition to denote a business process constraint and the control case to define controlling criteria to mitigate risk associated with an operational condition. Modeling constraints in this way provides an opportunity to capture these characteristics of business process early in the systems development life-cycle. This contributes to a model that provides a more complete representation of the overall business process. The methods will assist in mitigating risk and facilitate the early discovery of non-functional requirements during systems development..
Macromolecular Recognition by Polymer‐Carrying Cyclodextrins: Interaction of a Polymer Bearing Cyclodextrin Moieties with Poly(acrylamide)s Bearing Aromatic Side Chains (2005)

Abstract Summary: The interaction of a polymer bearing β ‐cyclodextrin moieties ( β ‐CD polymer) with poly(acrylamide)s bearing aromatic side chains was investigated by viscometry to study the effect of collectivity (i.e., interactions at multi‐sites) in macromolecular recognition. The formation of inclusion complexes at multi‐sites caused a large difference in the size of interpolymer aggregates, even though the difference in association constants for complexation of native β ‐CD with guest moieties was not very much large. Conceptual illustration for interpolymer aggregates of β ‐CD polymer with poly(acrylamide)s bearing naphthyl groups substituted on the (a) 1‐ and (b) 2‐positions (see Scheme 1 ). magnified image Conceptual illustration for interpolymer aggregates of β ‐CD polymer with poly(acrylamide)s bearing naphthyl groups substituted on the (a) 1‐ and (b) 2‐positions (see Scheme 1 ).
Foxn1 is required to maintain the postnatal thymic microenvironment in a dosage-sensitive manner (2008)

The postnatal thymus is the primary source of T cells in vertebrates, and many if not all stages of thymocyte development require interactions with thymic epithelial cells (TECs). The Foxn1 gene is a key regulator of TEC differentiation, and is required for multiple aspects of fetal TEC differentiation. Foxn1 is also expressed in the postnatal thymus, but its function after birth is unknown. We generated a Foxn1 allele with normal fetal expression and thymus development, but decreased expression in the postnatal thymus. This down-regulation causes rapid thymic compartment degeneration and reduced T-cell production. TEC subsets that express higher Foxn1 levels are most sensitive to its down-regulation, in particular MHCII(hi)UEA-1(hi) medullary TECs. The requirement for Foxn1 is extremely dosage sensitive, with small changes in Foxn1 levels having large effects on thymus phenotypes. Our results provide the first evidence that Foxn1 is required to maintain the postnatal thymus. Furthermore, the similarities of this phenotype to accelerated aging-related thymic involution support the possibility that changes in Foxn1 expression in TECs during aging contribute to the mechanism of involution.