gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Bacillus stearothermophilus manganese superoxide dismutase gene and its ability to complement copper/zinc superoxide dismutase deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)

Recombinant clones containing the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene of Bacillus stearothermophilus were isolated with an oligonucleotide probe designed to match a part of the previously determined amino acid sequence. Complementation analyses, performed by introducing each plasmid into a superoxide dismutase-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli, allowed us to define the region of DNA which encodes the MnSOD structural gene and to identify a promoter region immediately upstream from the gene. These data were subsequently confirmed by DNA sequencing. Since MnSOD is normally restricted to the mitochondria in eucaryotes, we were interested (i) in determining whether B. stearothermophilus MnSOD could function in eucaryotic cytosol and (ii) in determining whether MnSOD could replace the structurally unrelated copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) which is normally found there. To test this, the sequence encoding bacterial MnSOD was cloned into a yeast expression vector and subsequently introduced into a Cu/ZnSOD-deficient mutant of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Functional expression of the protein was demonstrated, and complementation tests revealed that the protein was able to provide tolerance at wild-type levels to conditions which are normally restrictive for this mutant. Thus, in spite of the evolutionary unrelatedness of these two enzymes, Cu/ZnSOD can be functionally replaced by MnSOD in yeast cytosol.
Enhancement-Mode AlN/GaN/AlGaN DHFET With 700-mS/mm $g_{m}$ and 112-GHz $f_{T}$ (2010)

An enhancement-mode (E-mode) AlN/GaN/AlGaN double-heterojunction field-effect transistor (DHFET) with record high-frequency performance is reported. E-mode operation was achieved through vertical scaling of the AlN barrier layer. Parasitic resistances were reduced through ohmic contact recess etching followed by regrowth of n+ GaN by molecular-beam epitaxy and SiN deposition to increase the sheet charge density in the access regions of the device, resulting in an extremely low on-resistance of 1.06 Ω · mm. A DHFET with an 80-nm gate length had a threshold voltage of 0.21 V, an extrinsic transconductance (g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ) of 0.70 S/mm, a current-gain cutoff frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) of 112 GHz, and a maximum oscillation frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) of 215 GHz. To our knowledge, these are the highest g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> , f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> , and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> values reported to date for an E-mode GaN HFET.
Inherited renal tubular acidosis (2000)

The past few years have witnessed great progress in elucidating the molecular basis of inherited renal tubular acidosis. Consistent with the physiologically defined importance of multiple gene products in urinary acidification, heritable renal tubular acidosis is genetically heterogeneous. Autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis has been associated with a small number of mutations in the AE1 Cl-/HCO3- exchanger although the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind these mutations remain unclear. Rarely, autosomal recessive distal RTA is caused by homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for the loss-of-function mutation AE1 G701D. A larger proportion, often accompanied by hearing loss, is associated with mutations in the ATP6B1 gene encoding the 58 kDa B1 subunit of the vacuolar H+-ATPase. Mutations in the gene encoding the Na+/HCO3- cotransporter, NBC1, have recently been identified in proximal renal tubular acidosis with corneal calcification.
Model based off-road terrain profile estimation (2014)

This paper investigates a method for estimating an off-road terrain profile using a vehicle suspension model. An augmented state Kalman filter (ASKF) is presented as a means to estimate the unknown inputs of the 7-DOF full suspension model. The Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function was used to generate a fractal terrain surface for a vehicle simulation. The terrain surface was used with Carsim in a simulation to test the proposed estimation method. To further validate the method an experimental study was conducted on an off-road terrain. A Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor was used to measure the terrain profile. Global positioning system (GPS), inertial navigation sensors (INS) and suspension deflection sensors were used to as measurements to the ASKF. It is shown that the terrain profile can be estimated as the input to the 7-DOF suspension model. The method is effective at capturing the low frequency content of the profile while some of the higher frequency content cannot be recovered.
Analysis of the Structural Properties of cAMP-responsive Element-binding Protein (CREB) and Phosphorylated CREB (1996)

The transcription factor CREB (cAMP responsive element binding protein) is activated by protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of a single serine residue. To investigate possible mechanisms of CREB regulation by phosphorylation, we initiated a structural and biophysical characterization of the full-length, wild-type CREB protein, an altered CREB protein (CREB/SER) in which the three cysteine residues in the DNA-binding domain were replaced with serine residues and a truncated protein (ACT265) which encompasses the entire activation domain of CREB. Circular dichroism (CD) reveals that CREB and CREB/SER have identical secondary structures and contain approximately 20% alpha-helix, 9% beta-strand, 34% beta-turn, and 37% random coil structures. PKA phosphorylation does not alter the CD spectra, and therefore the secondary structure, of CREB or of CREB bound to DNA. Protease cleavage patterns indicate that PKA phosphorylation does not induce a global conformational change in CREB. Furthermore, PKA phosphorylation does not change the DNA binding affinity of CREB for either canonical or non-canonical CRE sequences as measured by a fluorescence anisotropy DNA binding assay. Since PKA phosphorylation of CREB results in its specific binding to the transcriptional co-activators CREB-binding protein and p300, we suggest that the PKA activation of CREB occurs by the production of specific, complementary interactions with these proteins, rather than through the previously proposed mechanisms of a phosphorylation-dependent conformational change or increased DNA binding affinity.
A Simple Cumulative Sum Type Statistic for the Change-Point Problem with Zero-One Observations (1980)

A simple cumulative sum type statistic for the change-point with zero-one observations is introduced. A conditional test of no change against change is introduced and compared with a likelihood ratio test. The estimation of the change-point is also considered, using the simple statistic, and the method is shown to be asymptotically equivalent to the maximum likelihood estimator in certain circumstances and almost equivalent in others. To investigate the small sample behaviour, simulation experiments were carried out and these showed the new estimator to be generally superior to the maximum likelihood estimator.
Synthesis and Reactions of Isoquinoline Derivatives V. Synthesis and Reactions of 3-Chiloroisoquinoline-4-carboxylic Acids (1989)

Derivatives of 3-~Noro~scquinoline-4-car-lic acid are easily accessible by potassium pmmnganate oxidation of the corresponding aldehydes.Conditions have been developed for selective reduction, substitution and decar!mxylation reactions leading ta 3-substituted iscqnkoline derivatives with, interesting pharmacological pmputies .m continuation of our efforts to define easily accessible routes to isoqulnoline derivatives with special substitution patterns and interesting phamcological properties we directed our attention to the synthesis of 3-substituted isaquinoline-4-carboxylic acids.We have already reported that 3-chlomisoquinoline-4-carbaldehydes 1 are oxidized in good yield to the corresponding 3-chlomisoquinoline-4-carboxylic acids 2 by the action of potassium pemganate in acetone/water at pH 7 2'3.As the aldehydes 1 are easily accessible f m 1 , 4 ~y d r 0 -3 ( 2 ~) -i s o ~o l i n o n e s 2 , the c ~b q l i c acids 2 constitute very versatile s M i n g materials for further elaboration.Schene 1 illustrates xme of the oppartunities starting fron 3-cNoro-l-phenylisoquinoline-4-carwlic acid &.Scheme 1 COOH 2a -COOH 3 -COOH 10 -8 CONR', -Received, 2 4 t h October, 1 9 8 8 l-Phenyl-3-Ipi~razin-l-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahvdmi-inoline ( 1 8 ) .Tkis c a p u n d is Obtained frm by the procedure described above for the synthesis o f g.
Treatment of Patients wIth Niemann-Pick Type Is Using Repeated Amniotic Epithelial Cells Implantation: Correction of Aggregation and Coagulation Abnormalities (1997)

Variations of platelet aggregation and plasma levels of clotting factors V, IX, XI, and XII were studied in 5 patients with Niemann-Pick disease type Is in the course of a 3-year study of treatment with periodic subcutaneous infusions of amniotic epithelial cells. Before commencement of treatment, the concentrations of these factors were found to be abnormal in four of five patients. It was possible to complete the study protocol in only two patients. Platelet aggregation and plasma levels of V, IX, XI, and XII clotting factors had been determined before each epithelial amniotic cells implantation and after 24, 48, and 72 hours. In both patients the aggregation test and the plasma levels of coagulation factors V, IX, XI, and XII were below the normal values of reference. Results showed that the epithelial amniotic cells treatment normalized platelet aggregation after each implantation in the two studied patients, both in terms of intensity of response (increase in light transmission after addition of adenosine diphosphate up to 350%) and in terms of obtaining an irreversible aggregation with 3 and 8 microM of adenosine diphosphate. The data related to clotting factors showed an increase of these concentrations up to 60% and some of these concentrations normalized completely.
헤이그 국제사법회의의 외국재판의 승인 및 집행에 관한 협약 -2017년 2월 협약수정안 소개- (2017)

본고는 헤이국 국제사법회의가 2005년 헤이그 관할합의협약의 발효가 가시화되던 시점에 재개된 헤이그 재판프로젝트의 진행결과, 2017년 2월에 발표된 “외국재판의 승인 및 집행에 관한 협약” 수정안(이하, 2017/2 협약수정안)을 소개하는데 초점을 두고 있다. 본고에서는 2017/2 협약수정의 전체구조를 개괄한 이후 외국재판 승인의 요건으로서 여러 간접관할 근거를 중점적으로 고찰한다. 그리고 전속관할, 선결문제, 국제적 병행소송 및 기타 주요조항에 대해 설명하면서 우리 법과의 차이점에 대해서도 간략히 비교하고 있다.
지난 1992년에서 2001년에 걸친 헤이그 재판프로젝트의 실패로 인해 이번에 재개된 재판프로젝트는 상당히 신중하고 조심스럽게 진행되었고, 그 내용에 있어 주요 국가들의 동의와 참여를 끌어내기 위한 현실적인 고려가 많이 작용한 듯하다. 이번 프로젝트가 ‘단일협약(convention simple)’으로 외국재판의 승인과 집행에만 한정하여 진행된 것이 이를 단적으로 보여준다. 또한 본 협약의 성사가능성을 높이기 위해서는 어쩔 수 없는 선택이었다고 본다. 한편 2017/2 협약수정안은 ‘최소입법’안으로서의 의미가 크다고 본다. 기존에 주요 국가들이 수용하고 있던 외국재판의 승인과 집행에 관한 규정에서 상당 부분 진전되고 그와 다른 규정을 많이 둘수록 각국은 기존의 국내법을 개정할 필요가 커지고 그렇게 되면 보다 많은 체약국을 둘 수 없게 된다. 우리 입장에서도 국제사법학 연구가 충분히 축적되지 않은 상태이기에 협약이 여러 가지 대폭적인 개혁을 담고 있다면 이를 받아들이기 부담스러운 측면이 있다.
그러나 다른 한편으로 협약이 어느 정도는 기존 체계로부터 상당한 진전이 있어야 하지 않느냐는 견지에서 볼 때, 2017/2 협약수정안은 기존 유럽과 미국의 현재 규칙들과 실무에서 진전된 것이 거의 없다는 비판을 받기도 한다. 또한 지난 실패가 유럽국가들에게 우호적인 내용으로 만들어져 실패한 것을 거울 삼아, 이번에는 어느 정도 미국에 유리한 방향으로 만들어졌다. 그러나 그 정도의 절충으로 협약이 성공한다면 그것 자체가 국제적인 재판 유통에 커다란 성과와 기여로 자리매김 할 수 있을 것이다.
Expression of collagenases-1 and -3 and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and -3 correlates with the level of invasion in malignant melanomas (1999)

Since proteolysis of the dermal collagenous matrix and basement membranes is required for local invasive growth and early metastasis formation of cutaneous melanomas, we have analysed the activities/expression levels of certain metalloproteinases in melanomas and cultured melanoma cells by in situ hybridization and Northern analysis. In addition to collagenases-1 and -3 that have been implicated in invasive growth behaviour of various malignant tumours, we analysed the levels of 72-kDa gelatinase and its activators MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 in cultured melanoma cells. The lesions examined included three cases of lentigo maligna and 28 cases of Clark grade I-V melanomas. The premalignant as well as the grade I tumours were consistently negative for collagenase-1 and -3 and TIMP-1 and -3. The collagenases were predominantly expressed in the cancer cells of Clark grade III and IV tumours. TIMP-1 and -3 were abundantly expressed in the cancer and/or stromal cells of grade III and IV melanomas, while TIMP-2 protein was detected also in melanomas representing lower invasive potential. Northern analysis of seven melanoma cell lines showed that the expression of collagenase-1 and TIMPs-1 and -3 was associated with 72-kDa gelatinase positivity. All melanoma cell lines were positive for MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 mRNAs. Our results suggest that overexpression of collagenases-1 and -3 and TIMPs-1 and -3 is induced during melanoma progression. Expression of TIMPs may reflect host response to tumour invasion in an effort to control MMP activity and preserve extracellular matrix integrity.
Regularization and feature selection in least-squares temporal difference learning (2009)

We consider the task of reinforcement learning with linear value function approximation. Temporal difference algorithms, and in particular the Least-Squares Temporal Difference (LSTD) algorithm, provide a method for learning the parameters of the value function, but when the number of features is large this algorithm can over-fit to the data and is computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a regularization framework for the LSTD algorithm that overcomes these difficulties. In particular, we focus on the case of l1 regularization, which is robust to irrelevant features and also serves as a method for feature selection. Although the l1 regularized LSTD solution cannot be expressed as a convex optimization problem, we present an algorithm similar to the Least Angle Regression (LARS) algorithm that can efficiently compute the optimal solution. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the algorithm experimentally.
Center-fed microstrip patch antenna (2003)

A novel feeding scheme for microstrip patch antennas is presented, which consists of a coaxial probe and shorting pin separated by a narrow slot centrally cut at the radiating patch. The impedance and radiation characteristics of a conventional probe-fed microstrip patch antenna and the proposed microstrip patch antenna are experimentally examined and compared. The effects of the slot length on the antenna operation are also discussed.
Identification of the active site of vertebrate oxidosqualene cyclase (1995)

Active site mapping of rat liver oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), a 78 kDa membrane-bound enzyme, was carried out using the mechanism-based irreversible inhibitor, [3H]29-methylidene-2,3-oxidosqualene. The amino acid sequence of the radiolabeled CNBr peptide fragment showed unexpectedly high similarity to the yeast OSC, plant OSC, and bacterial squalene cyclases. Further, radio analysis established that the two adjacent Asp residues in the highly conserved region (Asp-Asp-Thr-Ala-Glu-Ala, or DDTAEA) were equally labeled by the irreversible inhibitor. This result provided the first information on the structural details of the active site of OSC, and showed for the first time the ancient lineage of this vertebrate enzyme to ancestral eukaryotic and prokaryotic cyclases. Interestingly, the covalently-modified DDXX(D/E) sequence of rat liver OSC showed surprising similarity to the putative allylic diphosphate binding site sequence of other terpene cyclases and prenyl transferases. The Asp-rich motif may act as a point charge to stabilize incipient cationic charge.
Robotic sample preparation station (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRobotic sample preparation stationGrover D. Owens and Rodney J. EcksteinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 13, 2347–2351Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00250a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00250a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Graphene and carbon nanotube photonics (2009)

Graphene and carbon nanotube based photonic devices, including light emitters and high bandwidth photodetectors are demonstrated. The potential of these truly nanometer scale, 2-dimensional (graphene) and quasi 1-dimensional (nanotube) carbon materials in photonics are discussed.
Optimization of the configuration in a CAES-TES system (2008)

A compressor with heat recovery is thermodynamically analyzed from a second-law point of view, in terms of entropy generation minimization. The unit is optimized, accounting for heat exchange and pressure loss irreversibility, and the maximum output is found, in terms of combined mechanical and thermal energy, for a given input energy at the compressor shaft. This analysis is intended as a part of the thermal optimization on a CAES TES (Compressed Air Energy Storage with Thermal Energy Storage) plant. The latter, if an artificial reservoir is used for compressed air, requires high operating pressure. Hence, this work focuses on a staged compression with intermediate refrigeration. The principle of equal distribution of irreversibility, which is one of the aspects of the “Constructal Law” is then demonstrated. From these findings, a good approximation can be found for the optimal configuration of a complex multi-stage system
z-Tree - Zurich toolbox for readymade economic experiments: experimenter's manual (1999)

manual explains the use of z-Tree, the Zurich Toolbox for Readymade Economic Experiments. No programming knowledge is necessary to use z-Tree. This software allows to program and to conduct a wide range of experiments. This includes simultaneous and sequential games as well as market experiments and posted offer markets or double auctions. Because many features needed in an experimental software are built into z-Tree (as data saving, time and period display, profit calculation, group matching, provisions in case of losses and bankruptcy), new experiments can be developed quickly and easily.
Distribution of nonequivalent aluminum sites revealed in Al-Cu-Ru and Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals by<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>27</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>NQR (1994)

The distribution of nonequivalent aluminum sites was studied in Al-Cu-Fe and Al-Cu-Ru stable icosahedral quasicrystalline phases using $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ NQR spectra taken at 4.2 K. The observed spectra---which give directly the distribution of nonequivalent aluminum sites---were broad, asymmetric, and structureless. A simple electric-field-gradient model calculation accounted for the spectral width in terms of a wide distribution of local atomic environments, and an estimate for the lower limit on the number of nonequivalent aluminum sites was found.
AdaBoost.MRF: Boosted Markov Random Forests and Application to Multilevel Activity Recognition (2006)

Activity recognition is an important issue in building intelligent monitoring systems. We address the recognition of multilevel activities in this paper via a conditional Markov random field (MRF), known as the dynamic conditional random field (DCRF). Parameter estimation in general MRFs using maximum likelihood is known to be computationally challenging (except for extreme cases), and thus we propose an efficient boosting-based algorithm AdaBoost.MRF for this task. Distinct from most existing work, our algorithm can handle hidden variables (missing labels) and is particularly attractive for smarthouse domains where reliable labels are often sparsely observed. Furthermore, our method works exclusively on trees and thus is guaranteed to converge. We apply the AdaBoost.MRF algorithmto a home video surveillance application and demonstrate its efficacy.
Tumor cell kinetics following long-term treatment with antineoplastic ether phospholipids. (1994)

Ether phospholipids are analogs of the naturally occurring 2-lysophosphatidylcholine that have been reported to have selective in vitro/in vivo antitumor activity. Their antiproliferative effect has been found against a variety of animal and human tumor cell lines. We have characterized the cytostatic activity of four ether phospholipids, the methoxy-substituted edelfosine (ET-18-OCH 3), the thio-derivative ilmofosine (BM 41.440), and two new aza-alkylphospholipids, BN 52205 and BN 52211, on a human tumor cell line derived from a colon adenocarcinoma, the HT29. A flow cytometric approach has been used and, contrary to previous studies, longer treatment times have been performed to allow multiple cell population doublings. The results confirm that the cytostatic activity of the four ether phospholipids is characterized by multiple "terminal points", as the drugs' action results in a G1 block, a slowdown of the transition from late-S to G2, followed by an accumulation of HT29 cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Tumor cells in late G1 at the time of treatment progressed through S before being blocked in G2. In a similar fashion, tumor cells in late G2 at the time of treatment went through M but were then halted in G1. The long-term treatment studies indicate that the ether phospholipid cytostatic activity is partially reversible, depending on the drug concentration and the duration of the treatment.