gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mosaicplasty for the Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Talus: Two to Seven Year Results in 36 Patients (2001)

An osteochondral defect (OCD) is known as a symptomatic lesion causing pain, recurrent synovitis, and altered joint mechanics most commonly in a weight-bearing joint. Loose bodies may develop, which may then cause joint destruction and/or locking. The damage to the articular surface is most likely a precursor of ankle osteoarthritis. With the recent advances in diagnostic imaging, such as MRI, as well as the development of ankle arthroscopy, the identification and classification of these lesions has become much more precise. This allows more accurate staging and improves treatment recommendations. The assessment of a particular treatment is also improved. A variety of treatment alternatives are now available. These include arthroscopic procedures including debridement, retrograde drilling, and bone grafting. Compared to open treatment, arthroscopic procedures may be particularly advantageous in the treatment of small defects and stable OCD lesions. Until recently, however, favorable results have been less predictable for large or unstable osteochondral defects. We treat these more difficult lesions with a mosaic autogenous osteochondral transplantation. In our hands, this appears to provide an optimal treatment result. The present report evaluates the clinical outcome of 36 patients followed for two to seven years after a mosaicplasty autogenous osteochondral transplantation from a non or less weight bearing portion of the knee to the ipsilateral talus. Ankle function was measured by the Hannover scoring system and showed good to excellent results in 34 cases (94%) with no long term donor site morbidity. The encouraging clinical results are supplemented with radiographs and histology, which support the premise of lasting relief of symptoms and prevention of ankle arthrosis.
Incorporation of a charged amino acid into the membrane-spanning domain blocks cell surface transport but not membrane anchoring of a viral glycoprotein. (1985)

The membrane-spanning domain of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (G protein) consists of a continuous stretch of 20 uncharged and mostly hydrophobic amino acids. We examined the effects of two mutations which change the amino acid sequence in this domain. These mutations were generated by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of a cDNA clone encoding the G protein, and the altered G proteins were then expressed in animal cells. Replacement of an isoleucine residue in the center of this domain with a strongly polar but uncharged amino acid (glutamine) had no effect on membrane anchoring or transport of the protein to the cell surface. Replacement of this same isoleucine residue with a charged amino acid (arginine) generated a G protein that still spanned intracellular membranes but was not transported efficiently to the cell surface. The protein accumulated in the Golgi region in about 50% of the cells, and about 20% of the cells had detectable protein levels in a punctate pattern on the cell surface. In the remaining cells the protein accumulated in a vesicular pattern throughout the cytoplasm. Models which might explain the abnormal behavior of this protein are discussed.
Asphaltene Deposition Measurement and Modeling for Flow Assurance of Tubings and Flow Lines (2011)

A recently developed asphaltene deposition model is tuned with some experimental data obtained in RealView, a high pressure deposition cell. The tuned model is validated with further experimental data. The lab-scale model is then extended to field-scale tubings and flow lines, and the predicted deposition profile is qualitatively compared with field observations. Finally, an experimental protocol is developed for asphaltene deposition measurement and modeling for flow assurance of tubings and flow lines. The successful applications of RealView in investigating the impacts of shear, run time, residence time, pressure, chemical inhibitor, and surface roughness on the deposition of asphaltenes from five fluids from the Gulf of Mexico are also discussed.
Photochemical Modifications of the Tryptophan Residues of Wheat‐Germ Agglutinin in the Presence of Trichloroethanol (1978)

Trichloroethanol is an efficient quencher of indole fluorescence of model compounds and proteins [Eftink, M. R. and Ghiron, C. A. (1976) J. Phys. Chem. 80 , 486–493]. At low quencher concentrations, the quenching follows the classical Stern‐Volmer law. Bimolecular rate constants calculated from measured quenching constants and lifetimes are equal to 6 × 10 9 M −1 s −1 and 1.2 × 10 9 M −1 s −1 for N ‐acetyltryptophanamide and wheat germ agglutinin, respectively. Upon ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of trichloroethanol, transformation of fluorescent trypophan occurs, leading to a fluorescent photoproduct. This can be easily used as a method for the quantitative determination of fluorescent tryptophan residues in proteins. In good agreement with previous results, two fluorescent tryptophan residues per polypeptide chain are found in wheat germ agglutinin. Concomitantly with the photochemical reactions, the hemagglutinating protein activity and its affinity constant towards chitin oligomers are reduced. A probable location of tryptophan residues in the binding sites of wheat germ agglutinin is proposed.
Identification of regulatory sequences in the prelude sequences of an H2A histone gene by the study of specific deletion mutants in vivo. (1980)

Conserved DNA sequence elements of putative regulatory functions were deleted from the prelude region of a sea urchin H2A histone gene. For this, the wild-type H2A gene of the 6-kilobase histone DNA repeat unit was replaced by various mutant H2A genes by cloning. The effects of the manipulation on H2A mRNA synthesis were studied by injection of the mutant DNAs into centrifuged Xenopus oocytes. The unmanipulated H2B gene residing within the same repeat unit provided a suitable internal control for these studies. Deletion of the T-A-T-A-A-A-T-A motif, once thought to be the functional equivalent of the bacterial Pribnow box, did not abolish transcription of the gene; instead, a number of novel mRNA 5' termini were generated. We argue that the T-A-T-A-A-A-T-A motif is a specificity element, a selector of eukaryotic gene transcription. Deletion of the "cap-sequence," 5' pyrimidine-C-A-T-T-C-purine 3' and most of the mRNA leader sequence did not abolish transcription but created yet another mRNA 5' terminus. In contrast to these deletions, which are both down-mutations, deletion of H2A gene-specific conserved DNA sequences upstream from the T-A-T-A-A-A-T-A motif enhanced mRNA synthesis. A hypothesis for the function of these DNA sequences as eukaryotic promoter elements is discussed.
Sampling Circuits That Break the kT/C Thermal Noise Limit (2014)

Several circuit-level techniques are described which are used to reduce or cancel thermal noise and break the so-called kT/C limit. kT/C noise describes the total thermal noise power added to a signal when a sample is taken on a capacitor. In the first proposed technique, the sampled thermal noise is reduced by altering the relationship between the sampling bandwidth and the dominant noise source, providing a powerful, new degree of freedom in circuit design. In the second proposed technique, thermal noise sampled on an input capacitor is actively canceled using an amplifier, so that the noise at the amplifier output can be controlled independently of input capacitor size. Measurements from two test chips are presented which demonstrate sampled thermal noise power reduction of 48% and 67%, respectively, when compared with conventional kT/C-limited sampling.
The Future of the Second Chamber (2004)

Journal Article The Future of the Second Chamber Get access Donald Shell Donald Shell senior lecturer in politics, University of Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Parliamentary Affairs, Volume 57, Issue 4, October 2004, Pages 852–866, https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsh066 Published: 01 October 2004
Structural features of an influenza virus promoter and their implications for viral RNA synthesis (2001)

The influenza A virus, a severe pandemic pathogen, has a segmented RNA genome consisting of eight single-stranded RNA molecules. The 5' and 3' ends of each RNA segment recognized by the influenza A virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase direct both transcription and replication of the virus's RNA genome. Promoter binding by the viral RNA polymerase and formation of an active open complex are prerequisites for viral replication and proliferation. Here we describe the solution structure of this promoter as solved by multidimensional, heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our studies show that the viral promoter has a significant dynamic nature and reveal an unusual displacement of an adenosine that forms a novel (A-A) x U motif and a C-A mismatch stacked in a helix. The characterized structural features of the promoter imply that the specificity of polymerase binding results from an internal RNA loop. In addition, an unexpected bending (46 +/- 10 degrees ) near the initiation site suggests the existence of a promoter recognition mechanism similar to that of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and a possible regulatory function for the terminal structure during open complex formation.
Bovine milk in human nutrition – a review (2007)

Milk and milk products are nutritious food items containing numerous essential nutrients, but in the western societies the consumption of milk has decreased partly due to claimed negative health effects. The content of oleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, short- and medium chain fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds may promote positive health effects. Full-fat milk has been shown to increase the mean gastric emptying time compared to half-skimmed milk, thereby increasing the gastrointestinal transit time. Also the low pH in fermented milk may delay the gastric emptying. Hence, it may be suggested that ingesting full-fat milk or fermented milk might be favourable for glycaemic (and appetite?) regulation. For some persons milk proteins, fat and milk sugar may be of health concern. The interaction between carbohydrates (both natural milk sugar and added sugar) and protein in milk exposed to heat may give products, whose effects on health should be further studied, and the increasing use of sweetened milk products should be questioned. The concentration in milk of several nutrients can be manipulated through feeding regimes. There is no evidence that moderate intake of milk fat gives increased risk of diseases.
Alien Donors: The Participation of Non-Citizens in the U.S. Campaign Finance System (1996)

In the closing weeks of the 1996 presidential race, press reports uncovered that the Democratic National Committee (DNC) had received large contributions from a number of individuals in the United States who were not American citizens. The articles publicized a little-scrutinized but longstanding set of legal standards governing the participation of aliens in the campaign finance system. Among those rules is a prohibition on donations from foreign sources. Because some of the immigrants who gave to the Democrats retained connections to overseas business interests, their contributions looked suspicious-and a scandal was born. That controversy now threatens to push Congress in the direction of taking a constitutionally suspect policy and making it worse.
Dynamically reconfiguring multimedia components (1998)

Distributed multimedia systems are potentially subject to frequent and ongoing evolution of application structures. In such systems it is often unacceptable for reconfigurations to fail or to only partially succeed. This paper describes the reconfiguration architecture of the DJINN multimedia programming framework. We introduce the concept of multimedia transactions for structuring changes into atomic units that preserve application consistency and extend these with the smoothness condition to maintain temporal as well as data integrity across reconfigurations. We present a technique for scheduling configuration changes that trades off the perceived level of smoothness against the available resources and the desired timeliness of the reconfiguration.
Scavenging of Nitrogen Dioxide, Thiyl, and Sulfonyl Free Radicals by the Nutritional Antioxidant ²-Carotene (1996)

Mechanisms of free radical scavenging by the nutritional antioxidant beta-carotene have been investigated by pulse radiolysis. Free radicals, which can initiate the chain of lipid peroxidation, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2.), thiyl (RS.), and sulfonyl (RSO2.) radicals, are rapidly scavenged by beta-carotene. Absolute rate constant k[NO2. + beta-carotene] = (1.1 +/- 0.1) x 10(8) m-1 s-1 and for the glutathione thiyl radical k[GS. + beta-carotene] = (2.2 +/- 0.1) x 10(8) m-1 s-1 have been determined. The mechanisms however are mutually exclusive, the former involving electron transfer to generate the radical-cation [ beta-carotene]+. and the latter by radical-addition to generate an adduct-radical [RS... beta-carotene].. Rate constants for thiyl radical-addition reactions vary from 10(6) to 10(9) m-1 s-1 and correlate with the lipophilicity of the thiyl radical under study. Sulfonyl radicals undergo both electron abstraction, [ beta-carotene]+. and radical-addition, [RSO2... beta-carotene]. in an approximate 3:1 ratio. The beta-carotene radical-cation and adduct-radicals are highly resonance stabilized and undergo slow bimolecular decay to non-radical products. These carotenoid-derived radicals react differently with oxygen, a factor which is expected to influence the antioxidant activity of beta-carotene within tissues of varying oxygen tension in vivo.
Identification of a Poor-Prognosis<i>BRAF</i>-Mutant–Like Population of Patients With Colon Cancer (2012)

A characteristic pattern of gene expression is associated with and accurately predicts BRAF mutation status and, in addition, identifies a population of BRAF mutated-like KRAS mutants and double wild-type patients with similarly poor prognosis. This suggests a common biology between these tumors and provides a novel classification tool for cancers, adding prognostic and biologic information that is not captured by the mutation status alone. These results may guide therapeutic strategies for this patient segment and may help in population stratification for clinical trials.
Visual servoing control of autonomous robot calibration and navigation (1999)

This article addresses the problem of how to visually control a mobile robot in a navigation process. The algorithms proposed may be used either for external calibration to locate the robot accurately in a structured environment, or in visual servoing as feedback to the controller which is maintaining the robot on a navigation course. Herein, we examine the problem in a special case, where the ground plane is assumed to be horizontal and there are two locally parallel sidelines available. This assumption holds in many indoor environments, such as hallways, where the system's success has been demonstrated. The algorithms use geometric features such as vanishing points and line orientations. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the algorithms work robustly and accurately. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis of a protein possessing growth-promoting and lactogenic activities (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of a protein possessing growth-promoting and lactogenic activitiesChoh Hao Li and Donald YamashiroCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 26, 7608–7609Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00729a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00729a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Computational Comparison of the RB199 and GE90 Pyrometer Purging Systems (2002)

At present, one of the most problematic topics associated with the application of optical pyrometry to in-service use on gas turbine aeroengines is the fouling of the system optics. Even though only one optical surface is, in general, exposed to the turbine environment the resulting deposition of particulates, from the combustion process or atmospheric ingestion, can greatly inhibit the benefits of utilising such an instrument for direct temperature measurement. The particulates that deposit on the pyrometer lens act as an interference filter by absorbing a portion of the thermal radiation from the target, for example the turbine blades. As a control function input, this will then bias the indicated temperature low and thus permit higher turbine temperature operation resulting in blade temperatures in excess of their intended limits. In practice, a purge air system is therefore incorporated into turbine pyrometer designs in order to minimise the number of particulates that can potentially deposit and build-up on the exposed system optics. This paper examines and compares the flow fields in two purge air designs that have already gained acceptance in-service, namely the military RB199 and civil GE90 pyrometer purging systems. This study of the airflow within actual purge designs will allow gas turbine engineers develop an understanding of the fluid flow structures and how they presently impede the achievement of sufficient lens cleanliness.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 1,1′-spirobi[indan-3,3′-dione] via a double intramolecular C–H insertion process (2001)

A highly efficient one-pot construction of optically active 1,1'-spirobi[indan-3,3'-dione] derivative (up to 80% ee) has been achieved by exploiting the double intramolecular C-H insertion reaction of dimethyl 2,2'-methylenebis(alpha-diazo-beta-oxobenzenepropanoate) under the influence of dirhodium(II) tetrakis[N-phthaloyl-(R or S)-tert-leucinate] as a catalyst.
Algebraic curve fitting for multidimensional data with exact squares distance (2002)

This paper presents a new method for fitting algebraic curves to multidimensional data using the exact squares distance between data points and the curve. Fitting smooth curves is one of the most important themes in pattern recognition and data analysis. Simple regression analysis or multivariate regression analysis are in use for a data set consisting of observations on some variables which can be treated one of them as response variable and the others as explanatory variables. However, these analyses do not work well for a data set whose variables can not be distinguished between response and explanatory. We must prepare two algorithms to realize a method for fitting algebraic curves to data. The first is an algorithm for evaluating "distance" between data points and a given curve. The second is to find a fitting algebraic curve based on the "distance". Taubin (1991) proposed an algorithm to find the algebraic curve such that the sum of the approximate squares distance between data points and the curve is minimum. The approximate squares distance does not always agree with exact squares distance. We develop an algorithm for evaluating the exact distance between them. The algorithm is based on the Newton-Rapson method, and the amount of computation is reasonable. We show the differences between the exact distance and the approximate distance with a numerical example. The partial derivatives of the sum of the exact squares distance are also shown for the algorithm to find the fitting curve based on the exact distances.
ACOUSTIC STUDY OF Bi<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-P<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> GLASS (2000)

Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation of two samples of Bi2O3-P2O5 glass have been measured in the temperature range 80 to 300 K. With the velocity data Lame's constants, bulk modulus and Debye temperature have been calculated. Thermally activated relaxation process is good enough to explain the temperature variation of attenuation, but to interpret the variation of sound velocity the combined effect of relaxation, anharmonicity and frozen-in fluctuation has to be taken into consideration.
Study on the polarization scrambling time for ultra-high-speed optical fiber communication systems (2009)

A 160Gbit/s optical time-division-multiplexing (OTDM) transmission system with polarization Scrambler is demonstrated experimentally. The Scrambler based on the structure of the all-fiber dynamic polarization controller (PolaRITE II by General Photonics Co.). The polarization controller is controlled accurately the peak scrambling frequencies and the corresponding half-wave voltages by home-made a singlechip circuit. Both theory and experience show that the rate of scrambler is related to the spectrum width, spectral distribution, modulation rate and so on. The rate of Scramble for broadband light would be much slower compare with narrowband light to carrying out depolarization. In the same width of spectrum, light with abundant spectrum would need a slower rate. The relationship between the Rate of Scrambler and the Character of different Lasers will be discussed by using Stokes parameters and Mueller matrix. And the experiments performed to verify the results of theoretical analysis results. The Scrambler can reduce Intersymbol Interference, Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) and Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) that have are validated experimentally. Based on the Scrambler, the 160-Gb/s OTDM transmissions are successfully demonstrated.
Angular and temporal characteristics of partial reflections from the D‐region of the ionosphere (1979)

Radio pulses have been used as a probe to investigate scattering characteristics of ionospheric irregularities in the D‐ region at a frequency of 1.98 MHz, at Adelaide, South Australia (35°S). The angular distribution of the returned energy was investigated as a function of time and height. Distinct layers of strong scatter have frequently been detected, the heights of which differ on different days. The layers appear to be of two distinct types—those occurring above 80 km and those below—the two groups having different temporal and angular characteristics. The higher layers exhibit scatter from a much larger range of off‐vertical angles, and the power returned from them varies less in time than for the lower layers, which tend to show short ‘bursts’ of scatter.
Input Feedback Networks: Classification and Inference Based on Network Structure (2008)

We present a mathematical model of interacting neuron-like units that we call Input Feedback Networks (IFN). Our model is motivated by a new approach to biological neural networks, which contrasts with current approaches (e.g. Layered Neural Networks, Perceptron, etc.). Classification and reasoning in IFN are