gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aiding robots (1992)

The aiding robot 'Melkong' and a mobility-aiding unit were developed in the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory (MITI), Japan, and by affiliated enterprises in Japan, respectively. Melkong was used for lifting a patient from a hospital bed and transporting him or her in a semi-automatic way. A computer control system making the robot manoeuvre more efficiently has also been developed. Its manipulator consists of two arms which are hydraulically driven in a pantograph link mechanism. In total, there are seven degrees of freedom, three for each arm and one for their base, which can rotate along a vertical axis. Each arm is equipped with a pair of forks at its tip. In order to lift a patient, the forks are inserted into the holes of specially designed beds, transporting the patient together with parts of the bed. A control method using sensors and a safety countermeasure are explained briefly. To put the mobility-aiding unit to practical use, two kinds of prototype-a high-performance type and a simplified type-were manufactured in cooperation with affiliated enterprises. The mobility-aiding units adopted a slide-sheet method instead of the manipulator in order to reduce weight and power consumption. Measures required for mass introduction of the robot systems are also mentioned.
Efficient sigma-delta beamforming techniques for ultrasound imaging application (2009)

Pre-delay reconstruction sigma-delta beamformer (SDBF) was proposed in recent years to achieve a higher level of integration in ultrasound imaging systems. The high-order reconstruction filter used in each channel of SDBF makes the beamformer highly complex. The beamformer can be simplified by reconstructing the signal only after the delay-and-sum process. It requires only one reconstruction filter for the entire beamformer. However, this post-delay reconstruction-based beamformer degrades the image quality when dynamic focusing is performed. This thesis studied the cause of the dynamic focusing artifact problem suffered by the sigma-delta beamformer. It was found that the degree of the problem is related to the pre-delay quantization noise that is present in the signal. Hence, similar performance to the conventional pre-delay reconstruction SDBF can be achieved by simply employing a simple pre-delay filter, as long as the pre-delay filter provides the required pre-delay signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR). Based on this finding, a cascaded reconstruction beamformer was developed that utilizes a boxcar filter as the pre-delay filter in each channel to achieve the required pre-delay SQNR value. Simulations using real phantom data demonstrated that the proposed cascaded reconstruction beamforming method can achieve a contrast resolution comparable to that of the pre-delay reconstruction beamforming method. In addition, the savings on hardware and power can be as much as 85% and 68% respectively, as compared to the pre-delay reconstruction SDBF.
Accessing biodiversity resources in computational environments from workflow applications (2006)

In the biodiversity world (BDW) project we have created a flexible and extensible Web services-based grid environment for biodiversity researchers to solve problems in biodiversity and analyse biodiversity patterns. In this environment, heterogeneous and globally distributed biodiversity-related resources such as data sets and analytical tools are made available to be accessed and assembled by users into workflows to perform complex scientific experiments. One such experiment is bioclimatic modelling of the geographical distribution of individual species using climate variables in order to predict past and future climate-related changes in species distribution. Data sources and analytical tools required for such analysis of species distribution are widely dispersed, available on heterogeneous platforms, present data in different formats and lack interoperability. The BDW system brings all these disparate units together so that the user can combine tools with little thought as to their availability, data formats and interoperability. The current Web Services-based grid environment enables execution of the BDW workflow tasks in remote nodes but with a limited scope. The next step in the evolution of the BDW architecture is to enable workflow tasks to utilise computational resources available within and outside the BDW domain. We describe the present BDW architecture and its transition to a new framework which provides a distributed computational environment for mapping and executing workflows in addition to bringing together heterogeneous resources and analytical tools.
A low-power dual-threshold comparator for neuromorphic systems (2005)

Neuromorphic systems typically use VLSI circuits and devices that implement models of biological systems for processing sensory signals. The analog circuits used in neuromorphic systems operate on signals that change slowly in time, with biological time-constants of the orders of milliseconds, and are characterized by very low-power consumption. Here we present a low– power circuit, with small slew-rate, that can be used as a building block in neuromorphic systems for dual threshold comparison. The circuit is compact, operates in weak-inversion, and dissipates power only when the input signal is within a required range.
An Energy-Efficient Mechanism for Self-Monitoring Sensor Web (2007)

A Sensor Web is a network of spatially distributed sensor platforms, which is especially well suited for environmental monitoring. Although sensor nodes of a Sensor Web are critical devices that perform the monitoring work, the low-cost implementation of sensor nodes poses that they are subject to failures and permanent damage. A life-condition monitoring mechanism for sensor nodes is therefore required to ensure the function of a Sensor Web. This paper studies this sensor-node monitoring problem in the domain where in-network sensor nodes are self-monitoring, i.e., the status of each sensor node is monitored by another node. To be energy-efficient, a mechanism for implementing self-monitoring Sensor Webs should minimize the energy required. We propose a formal formulation of this problem and show that it can be solved by finding a minimum spanning tree of the graph constructed by in-network nodes. We provide some distributed algorithms in solving this problem. Simulations are conducted to study the performance of these algorithms.
2,3-DIAMINOQUINOXALINE (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,3-DIAMINOQUINOXALINEJ. R. Stevens, K. Pfister, and F. J. WolfCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 10, 2121Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01214a524https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01214a524research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Trasylol (aprotinin) as an anti-tumour agent. (1978)

Growth of a syngeneic adenocarcinoma in C3H mice was investigated in animals receiving twice-daily subcutaneous injections of the antiprotease Trasylol. Development of primary tumours was not influenced by Trasylol treatment and the antiprotease did not affect concomitant ant--tumour immunity as assessed by resistance to secondary footpad challenge. From histological examination of tumours and a study of GVH (graft-versus-host) activity no evidence was gained that Trasylol treatment augments the host cellular immune response.
Automated Detection of Firearms and Knives in a CCTV Image (2015)

Closed circuit television systems (CCTV) are becoming more and more popular and are being deployed in many offices, housing estates and in most public spaces. Monitoring systems have been implemented in many European and American cities. This makes for an enormous load for the CCTV operators, as the number of camera views a single operator can monitor is limited by human factors. In this paper, we focus on the task of automated detection and recognition of dangerous situations for CCTV systems. We propose algorithms that are able to alert the human operator when a firearm or knife is visible in the image. We have focused on limiting the number of false alarms in order to allow for a real-life application of the system. The specificity and sensitivity of the knife detection are significantly better than others published recently. We have also managed to propose a version of a firearm detection algorithm that offers a near-zero rate of false alarms. We have shown that it is possible to create a system that is capable of an early warning in a dangerous situation, which may lead to faster and more effective response times and a reduction in the number of potential victims.
Stretched DNA structures observed with atomic force microscopy (1994)

Double-stranded DNA molecules are occasionally found that appear to be straightened and stretched in atomic force microscope (AFM) images. Usually pBS+ plasmid and lambda DNA show relaxed structures with bends and kinks along the strands and have measured contour lengths consistent to about 5-7%; they also appear not to cross over each other, except in very high concentrations. The anomalous molecules observed here, compared with the majority of molecules in the preparation, show contour lengths increased by as much as 80% and have measured heights of about half that of normal relaxed DNA. Some molecules also appear to be in transition between stretched and relaxed forms. These observations are consistent with an uncoiling of the DNA helix without breakage of the covalent bonds in the deoxyribose-phosphate backbone.
Pseudomorphic InGaAs-GaAsP quantum well modulators on GaAs (1992)

Previous strain-relief p-i-n InGaAs-GaAs quantum well (qw) modulators have incurred surface striations upon growth due to defect formation, resulting in an optically rough surface. We present here a qw modulator on a GaAs substrate with InGaAs wells and GaAsP barriers which balance the strain in the wells so that the lattice does not relax, leading to much fewer defects, and an optically smooth surface. We obtain a transmission change from 60% to 80% at 1014 nm for a sample with a 1 μm thick intrinsic region.
Cloning and Characterization of Ehox, a Novel Homeobox Gene Essential for Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation (2002)

We report here the identification and characterization of a novel paired-like homeobox-containing gene (Ehox). This gene, identified in embryonic stem (ES) cells, is differentially expressed during in vitro ES cell differentiation. We have assessed Ehox function using the ES cell in vitro differentiation system. This has involved molecular and biological analyses of the effects of sense or antisense Ehox expression (using episomal vectors) on ES cell differentiation. Analysis of antisense Ehox-expressing ES cells indicates that they are unable to express marker genes associated with hematopoietic, endothelial, or cardiac differentiation following removal of leukemia inhibitory factor. In contrast, overexpression of Ehox using the sense construct accelerated the appearance of these differentiation markers. ES cell self-renewal and differentiation assays reveal that inhibition of Ehox activity results in the maintenance of a stem cell phenotype in limiting concentrations of leukemia inhibitory factor and the almost complete impairment of the cardiomyocyte differentiation capacity of these cells. We therefore conclude that Ehox is a novel homeobox-containing gene that is essential for the earliest stages of murine ES cell differentiation.
PRMT1-mediated methylation of the EGF receptor regulates signaling and cetuximab response (2015)

Posttranslational modifications to the intracellular domain of the EGFR are known to regulate EGFR functions; however, modifications to the extracellular domain and their effects remain relatively unexplored. Here, we determined that methylation at R198 and R200 of the EGFR extracellular domain by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) enhances binding to EGF and subsequent receptor dimerization and signaling activation. In a mouse orthotopic colorectal cancer xenograft model, expression of a methylation-defective EGFR reduced tumor growth. Moreover, increased EGFR methylation sustained signaling activation and cell proliferation in the presence of the therapeutic EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab. In colorectal cancer patients, EGFR methylation level also correlated with a higher recurrence rate after cetuximab treatment and reduced overall survival. Together, these data indicate that R198/R200 methylation of the EGFR plays an important role in regulating EGFR functionality and resistance to cetuximab treatment.
Reinforcing of synthetic rubber with waste cement dust modified by coupling agents (1997)

A method for utilizing waste cement dusts as fillers for styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is presented. Such fillers were introduced into the elastomer system together with the waste silica (post-HF silica). The surfaces of both fillers were modified using proadhesion compounds (silane and titanate coupling agents). The modified fillers evidently increased strength parameters of the studied vulcanizates. This was attributed to the hydrophobization of their surfaces and to the introduction to the surfaces of functional groups with chemical affinity to the polymer.
Tapping-Mode AFM Studies Using Phase Detection for Resolution of Nanophases in Segmented Polyurethanes and Other Block Copolymers (1997)

The nanophase separated hard segment domains in solvent cast films of a segmented polyurethane and a segmented polyamide elastomer were imaged in real space using phase and topographical information from tapping-mode AFM techniques. A styrene triblock copolymer was used as a control to demonstrate the contrast mechanisms. For the segmented polyurethane and polyamide elastomers, contrast results from local stiffness variations of hard domains beneath a ca. 1 nm thick soft segment overlayer. Domain sizes and dispersity, shape, orientation, spacing, and uniformity in space are uniquely extracted from these real space AFM data. The ca. 7 nm diameter domains were relatively symmetric and uniformly space filling in the polyurethane. They were lamellar or sheetlike in the segmented polyamide elastomer, with a high aspect ratio and no curvature. There was no obvious correlation of lamellae orientation with macrocrystal aggregate (spherulite) position in the polyamide copolymer, while no such aggregates exist in the polyurethane.
Autophagy Inhibition Synergistically Enhances Anticancer Efficacy of RAMBA, VN/12-1 in SKBR-3 Cells, and Tumor Xenografts (2012)

VN/12-1 is a novel retinoic acid metabolism blocking agent discovered in our laboratory. The purpose of the study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of anticancer activity of VN/12-1 in breast cancer cell lines and in tumor xenografts. We investigated the effects of VN/12-1 on induction of autophagy and apoptosis in SKBR-3 cells. Furthermore, we also examined the impact of pharmacologic and genomic inhibition of autophagy on anticancer activity of VN/12-1. Finally, the antitumor activity of VN/12-1 was evaluated as a single agent and in combination with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine in an SKBR-3 mouse xenograft model. Short exposure of low dose (<10 μmol/L) of VN/12-1 induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and inhibited G(1)-S phase transition and caused a protective response. However, a higher dose of VN/12-1 initiated apoptosis in vitro. Inhibition of autophagy using either pharmacologic inhibitors or RNA interference of Beclin-1 enhanced anticancer activity induced by VN/12-1 in SKBR-3 cells by triggering apoptosis. Importantly, VN/12-1 (5 mg/kg twice weekly) and the combination of VN/12-1 (5 mg/kg twice weekly) + chloroquine (50 mg/kg twice weekly) significantly suppressed established SKBR-3 tumor growth by 81.4% (P < 0.001 vs. control) and 96.2% (P < 0.001 vs. control), respectively. Our novel findings suggest that VN/12-1 may be useful as a single agent or in combination with autophagy inhibitors for treating human breast cancers. Our data provides a strong rationale for clinical evaluation of VN/12-1 as single agent or in combination with autophagy inhibitors.
Heterotopic ossification following traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury: insight into the etiology and pathophysiology. (2012)

Genetic evidence suggests that the product of the mei-1 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans is specifically required for meiosis in the female germline. Loss-of-function mei-1 mutations block meiotic spindle formation while a gain-of-function allele instead results in spindle defects during the early mitotic cleavages. In this report, we use immunocytochemistry to examine the localization of the mei-1 product in wild-type and mutant embryos. During metaphase of meiosis I in wild-type embryos, mei-1 protein was found throughout the spindle but was more concentrated toward the poles. At telophase I, mei-1 product colocalized with the chromatin at the spindle poles. The pattern was repeated during meiosis II but no mei-1 product was visible during the subsequent mitotic cleavages. The mei-1 gain-of-function allele resulted in ectopic mei-1 staining in the centers of the microtubule-organizing centers during interphase and in the spindles during the early cleavages. This aberrant localization is probably responsible for the poorly formed and misoriented cleavage spindles characteristic of the mutation. We also examined the localization of mei-1(+) product in the presence of mutations of genes that genetically interact with mei-1 alleles. mei-2 is apparently required to localize mei-1 product to the spindle during meiosis while mel-26 acts as a postmeiotic inhibitor. We conclude that mei-1 encodes a novel spindle component, one that is specialized for the acentriolar meiotic spindles unique to female meiosis. The genes mei-2 and mel-26 are part of a regulatory network that confines mei-1 activity to meiosis.
An Open Source IEC 61131-3 Integrated Development Environment (2007)

The IEC 61131-3 standard defines a common framework for programming PLCs (programmable logic controllers), which includes the complete definition of four programming languages and a state machine definition language. Industrial PLC vendors are slowly offering support for this standard, however small inconsistencies remain between their implementations, transferring programs between vendors is almost impossible due to different file formats, and licenses are generally too expensive to allow students do install these commercial solutions on their own computers. To this end, the authors have developed an integrated development environment (IDE) for the IEC 61131-3 framework, which is being offered to the general public under the GNU public license (GPL). The IDE consists of a graphical user interface (GUI) and a backend compiler. Using the GUI the user may develop programs in any of the four programming languages, as well as the state machine definition language. The backend compiler is used to convert these programs into equivalent C++ programs which may later be compiled and executed on various platforms.
Self-Supervised Discovering of Interpretable Features for Reinforcement Learning (2020)

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has recently led to many breakthroughs on a range of complex control tasks. However, the agent's decision-making process is generally not transparent. The lack of interpretability hinders the applicability of RL in safety-critical scenarios. While several methods have attempted to interpret vision-based RL, most come without detailed explanation for the agent's behavior. In this paper, we propose a self-supervised interpretable framework, which can discover interpretable features to enable easy understanding of RL agents even for non-experts. Specifically, a self-supervised interpretable network (SSINet) is employed to produce fine-grained attention masks for highlighting task-relevant information, which constitutes most evidence for the agent's decisions. We verify and evaluate our method on several Atari 2600 games as well as Duckietown, which is a challenging self-driving car simulator environment. The results show that our method renders empirical evidences about how the agent makes decisions and why the agent performs well or badly, especially when transferred to novel scenes. Overall, our method provides valuable insight into the internal decision-making process of vision-based RL. In addition, our method does not use any external labelled data, and thus demonstrates the possibility to learn high-quality mask through a self-supervised manner, which may shed light on new paradigms for label-free vision learning such as self-supervised segmentation and detection.
VHDL behavioral ATPG and fault simulation of digital systems (1998)

Due to the increasing level of integration achieved by Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) technology, traditional gate-level fault simulation is becoming more complex, difficult, and costly. Furthermore, circuit designs are increasingly being developed through the use of powerful VLSI computer-aided design (CAD) synthesis tools which emphasize circuit descriptions using high-level representations of functional behavior, rather than physical architectures and layout. Behavior fault simulation applied to the top functional level models described using a hardware description language offers a very attractive alternative to these problems. A new way to simulate the behavioral fault models using the hardware description language (HDL), such as VHDL, is presented. Tests were generated by carrying out the behavioral fault simulation for a few circuit models. For comparison, a gate-level fault simulation on the equivalent circuit, produced via a synthesis tool, was used. The performance analysis shows that a very small number of test patterns generated by the behavioral automatic test pattern generation (ATPG)/fault simulation system detected around 98 percent of the testable gate-level faults that were detected by random test.
Josephson-phase qubit without tunneling (2003)

We show that a complete set of one-bit gates can be realized by coupling the two logical states of a phase qubit to a third level (at higher energy) using microwave pulses. Thus, one can achieve coherent control without invoking any tunneling between the qubit levels. We propose two implementations, using rf-SQUIDs and d-wave Josephson junctions.