gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UNCOOPERATIVE PATIENTS? (1958)

What do we mean when we say a patient is uncooperative, and how do we feel about it? A special study of 50 nonconformist clinic patients provided insight into the patients' problems and into the feelings of staff members, as well. © Lippincott-Raven Publishers.
Vascular smooth muscle cell contractile protein expression is increased through protein kinase G-dependent and -independent pathways by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition and deficiency (2016)

Homeostatic control of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation is critical for contractile activity and regulation of blood flow. Recently, we reported that precontracted blood vessels are relaxed and the phenotype of VSMC is regulated from a synthetic to contractile state by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) inhibition. In the current study, we investigated whether the increase in the expression of VSMC contractile proteins by inhibition and knockdown of G6PD is mediated through a protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent pathway and whether it regulates blood pressure. We found that the expression of VSMC-restricted contractile proteins, myocardin (MYOCD), and miR-1 and miR-143 are increased by G6PD inhibition or knockdown. Importantly, RNA-sequence analysis of aortic tissue from G6PD-deficient mice revealed uniform increases in VSMC-restricted genes, particularly those regulated by the MYOCD-serum response factor (SRF) switch. Conversely, expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is decreased by G6PD inhibition. Interestingly, the G6PD inhibition-induced expression of miR-1 and contractile proteins was blocked by Rp-β-phenyl-1,N<sup>2</sup>-etheno-8-bromo-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate, a PKG inhibitor. On the other hand, MYOCD and miR-143 levels are increased by G6PD inhibition through a PKG-independent manner. Furthermore, blood pressure was lower in the G6PD-deficient compared with wild-type mice. Therefore, our results suggest that the expression of VSMC contractile proteins induced by G6PD inhibition occurs via PKG1α-dependent and -independent pathways.
사례 기반 시스템의 이론적 고찰 및 구현 현황 (1998)

Case-based reasoning(CBR) is a relatively recent problem solving technique that is attracting increasing attention. However, the numbers of people with first hand theoretical or practical experience of CBR is still small. The main objective of this review
Applications of electrochemical microfabrication: An introduction (1998)

Global competitive pressures and the ever-increasing demand for faster, smaller, less expensive electronic systems have produced fundamental changes in processing technologies. A variety of microelectronic components are manufactured with high-yield, cost-effective electrochemical processing. Electrochemical microfabrication uses electrochemical methods to create thin- and thick-film-patterned microstructures.
Mesh parameterization (2007)

Mesh parameterization is a powerful geometry processing tool with numerous computer graphics applications, from texture mapping to animation transfer. This course outlines its mathematical foundations, describes recent methods for parameterizing meshes over various domains, discusses emerging tools like global parameterization and inter-surface mapping, and demonstrates a variety of parameterization applications.
The thymus of the hairless rhino‐j (<i>hr</i>/hr‐j) mice (2001)

The hairless (hr) gene is expressed in a large number of tissues, primarily the skin, and a mutation in the hr gene is responsible for the typical cutaneous phenotype of hairless mice. Mutant hr mouse strains show immune defects involving especially T cells and macrophages, as well as an age-related immunodeficiency and an accelerated atrophy of the thymus. These data suggest that the hr mutation causes a defect of this organ, although hr transcripts have not been detected in fetal or adult mice thymus. The present study analyses the thymus of young (3 mo) and adult (9 mo) homozygous hr-rh-j mice (a strain of hairless mice) by means of structural techniques and immunohistochemistry to selectively identify thymic epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. There were structural alterations in the thymus of both young and adult rh-rh-j mice, which were more severe in older animals. These alterations consisted of relative cortical atrophy, enlargement of blood vessels, proliferation of perivascular connective tissue, and the appearance of cysts. hr-rh-j mice also showed a decrease in the number of epithelial and dendritic cells, and macrophages. Taken together, present results strongly suggest degeneration and accelerated age-dependent regression of the thymus in hr-rh-j mice, which could explain at least in part the immune defects reported in hairless mouse strains.
Nucleotide sequence of the leukotoxin gene from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: homology to the alpha-hemolysin/leukotoxin gene family (1990)

The leukotoxin produced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans has been implicated in the etiology of localized juvenile periodontitis. To initiate a genetic analysis into the role of this protein in disease, we have cloned its gene, lktA. We now present the complete nucleotide sequence of the lktA gene from A. actinomycetemcomitans. When the deduced amino acid sequence of the leukotoxin protein was compared with those of other proteins, it was found to be homologous to the leukotoxin from Pasteurella haemolytica and to the alpha-hemolysins from Escherichia coli and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Each alignment showed at least 42% identity. As in the other organisms, the lktA gene of A. actinomycetemcomitans was linked to another gene, lktC, which is thought to be involved in the activation of the leukotoxin. The predicted LktC protein was related to the leukotoxin/hemolysin C proteins from the other bacteria, since they shared a minimum of 49% amino acid identity. Surprisingly, although actinobacillus species are more closely related to pasteurellae than to members of the family Enterobacteriaciae, LktA and LktC from A. actinomycetemcomitans shared significantly greater sequence identity with the E. coli alpha-hemolysin proteins than with the P. haemolytica leukotoxin proteins. Despite the overall homology to the other leukotoxin/hemolysin proteins, the LktA protein from A. actinomycetemcomitans has several unique properties. Most strikingly, it is a very basic protein with a calculated pI of 9.7; the other toxins have estimated pIs around 6.2. The unusual features of the A. actinomycetemcomitans protein are discussed in light of the different species and target-cell specificities of the hemolysins and the leukotoxins.
Cultured Podocytes Establish a Size-Selective Barrier Regulated by Specific Signaling Pathways and Demonstrate Synchronized Barrier Assembly in a Calcium Switch Model of Junction Formation (2005)

Podocytes form unique cell-cell junctions (slit diaphragms) that are central to glomerular selectivity, although regulation and mechanisms of slit diaphragm assembly are poorly understood. With the use of cultured podocytes, a paracellular permeability flux assay was established to characterize properties of the size-selective barrier. Paracellular flux of differentiated podocytes was measured using anionic fluorescent dextrans of 3, 10, 40, and 70 kD. Podocytes form a highly selective barrier with a 160-fold difference in flux from the 3-kD dextran (11 pmol/min) to the 70-kD dextran (0.06 pmol/min). Barrier development was dependent on podocyte differentiation and not affected by dextran charge. Puromycin, a known podocyte toxin, increased flux 250% in a dose-dependent manner without affecting cell viability. Screening with modulators of specific signaling pathways identified reversible increases in flux with Src tyrosine and Rho kinase inhibition. The calcium switch model of epithelial junction assembly was modified to determine whether podocytes regulate barrier assembly. When cultured in low calcium for 90 min, flux increased by 300% and consistently returned to baseline 24 to 48 h after switching to normal calcium. Similar to classical epithelial junctions, barrier recovery occurred in the presence of cyclohexamide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. During the calcium switch, there were reversible changes in localization and detergent solubility of the slit diaphragm protein ZO-1 and alpha-actinin-4, whereas nephrin and podocin solubility were unchanged. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that cultured podocytes develop a selective size barrier that is regulated by specific signaling pathways, and similar to classical epithelial junctions, podocytes demonstrate synchronized assembly of the barrier.
Tandem Phosphorylation of Ser-911 and Thr-912 at the C Terminus of Yeast Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase Leads to Glucose-dependent Activation (2007)

In recent years there has been growing interest in the post-translational regulation of P-type ATPases by protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation. Pma1 H(+)-ATPase, which is responsible for H(+)-dependent nutrient uptake in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), is one such example, displaying a rapid 5-10-fold increase in activity when carbon-starved cells are exposed to glucose. Activation has been linked to Ser/Thr phosphorylation in the C-terminal tail of the ATPase, but the specific phosphorylation sites have not previously been mapped. The present study has used nanoflow high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray electron transfer dissociation tandem mass spectrometry to identify Ser-911 and Thr-912 as two major phosphorylation sites that are clearly related to glucose activation. In carbon-starved cells with low Pma1 activity, peptide 896-918, which was derived from the C terminus upon Lys-C proteolysis, was found to be singly phosphorylated at Thr-912, whereas in glucose-metabolizing cells with high ATPase activity, the same peptide was doubly phosphorylated at Ser-911 and Thr-912. Reciprocal (14)N/(15)N metabolic labeling of cells was used to measure the relative phosphorylation levels at the two sites. The addition of glucose to carbon-starved cells led to a 3-fold reduction in the singly phosphorylated form and an 11-fold increase in the doubly phosphorylated form. These results point to a mechanism in which the stepwise phosphorylation of two tandemly positioned residues near the C terminus mediates glucose-dependent activation of the H(+)-ATPase.
ZnO nanoneedles with tip surface perturbations: Excellent field emitters (2004)

ZnO nanoneedles were prepared on a silicon wafer through a chemical vapor deposition. The diameters of the needle tips were in a range of 20–50 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the nanoneedles were single crystals growing along the [001] direction and exhibiting multiple tip surface perturbations, just 1–3 nm in dimension. Field-emission measurements on the prepared nanostructures showed fairly low turn-on and threshold fields of 2.5 and 4.0 V/μm, respectively. The nanosize perturbations on the nanoneedle tips are assumed to cause such excellent field-emission performance.
DV/DRP: A Content-Based Networking Protocol For Sensor Networks (2006)

An ideal sensor network would minimize communication by routing information only to those nodes requiring the information. We are exploring the use of a content-based network for this purpose, where messages containing sensor readings and associated metadata are relayed from source nodes to destination nodes based solely on the fact that the destination nodes have expressed interest in specific message content. This paper contributes a concrete protocol, called DV/DRP, that implements content-based networking for wireless sensor networks or other similarly constrained network configurations. DV/DRP augments a basic distance vector protocol to construct both primary and alternate routes. DV/DRP also features a new content-based forwarding technique called dynamic receiver partitioning. DV/DRP makes minimal assumptions on the underlying MAC layer. Notably, it uses only a primitive local broadcast, does not require reliability of the link layer nor the use of acknowledgments, and explicitly handles asymmetric links. We present simulations showing that them protocol scales to large networks while minimizing the resource consumption of individual nodes. We also show that the protocol is robust with respect to transient and permanent node failures, as well as asymmetries in wireless links. Finally, to demonstrate that DV/DRP is suitable for memory-constrained sensor networks, we discuss a preliminary implementation.
Large energy absorption in Ni–Mn–Ga/polymer composites (2005)

Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys can respond to a magnetic field or applied stress by the motion of twin boundaries and hence they show large hysteresis or energy loss. Ni–Mn–Ga particles made by spark erosion have been dispersed and oriented in a polymer matrix to form pseudo 3:1 composites which are studied under applied stress. Loss ratios have been determined from the stress-strain data. The loss ratios of the composites range from 63% to 67% compared to only about 17% for the pure, unfilled polymer samples.
Heat shock protein 72/73 in relation to cytoplasmic p53 expression and prognosis in colorectal adenocarcinomas (1997)

Heat shock proteins (hsp) are molecular chaperones that are increased by various environmental and patho-physiological stimuli. Hsp can bind to mutant/wild-type p53 in tumors and, consequently, could not only regulate p53 accumulation or localization but also modulate its biological effects on cells. However, there is little information available on the significance of hsp expression in colorectal cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship of hsp to p53 expression, clinico-pathological factors and prognosis in a series of 256 patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas, using immuno-histochemistry. Seventy-five cases exhibited hsp expression in the cytoplasm, with 11 presenting both cytoplasmic and nuclear staining. Hsp expression was related positively to cytoplasmic p53 expression but not to nuclear p53 expression. In the subgroup of rectal tumors, hsp over-expression appeared to predict unfavorable survival, though its prognostic value diminished using multivariate analysis. There were no significant relationships of hsp with patient sex or age, tumor site, Duke's stage, growth pattern or differentiation.
Active pixel sensor (APS) based star tracker (2002)

Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) based star trackers provide reliable attitude estimation onboard most 3 axis stabilized spacecraft. The spacecraft attitude is calculated based on observed positions of stars, which are located and identified in a CCD image of the sky. A new photon sensitive imaging array, active pixel sensor (APS), has emerged as a potential replacement to CCDs. The APS chips utilize existing Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) production facilities, and the technology has several advantages over CCD technology. These include: lower power consumption, higher dynamic range, higher blooming threshold, individual pixel readout, single 3.3 or 5 Volt operation, the capability to integrate on-chip timing, control, windowing, analog to digital (A/D) conversion and centroiding operations. However, because the photosensitivity of an APS pixel is non-homogeneous, its suitability as a star tracker imager has been unknown. This paper reports test results of a 256/spl times/256-pixel APS chip for star tracker applications. Using photon transfer curves, a system read-out noise of 7 electrons, under laboratory conditions, has been determined (photogate type). The full well of an APS pixel is determined to be around 450,000 electrons. Utilizing astronomical observations, the sensitivity of APS was measured to 13600 e/sup -/(second.mm/sup 2/) for a 0/sup th/ magnitude star. Centroiding accuracy of the APS was in the order of 1/10 pixel. The dynamic range of the APS was better than 9 magnitudes. These measurements allow us to conclude that the APS is a potential replacement for CCD star trackers.
Parametric design of tri-axial nested Helmholtz coils (2015)

This paper provides an optimal parametric design for tri-axial nested Helmholtz coils, which are used to generate a uniform magnetic field with controllable magnitude and direction. Circular and square coils, both with square cross section, are considered. Practical considerations such as wire selection, wire-wrapping efficiency, wire bending radius, choice of power supply, and inductance and time response are included. Using the equations provided, a designer can quickly create an optimal set of custom coils to generate a specified field magnitude in the uniform-field region while maintaining specified accessibility to the central workspace. An example case study is included.
<title>Linear array of CMOS double pass metal micromirrors</title> (1996)

Low-cost linear arrays of deflectable micromirrors using a CMOS process to define both on-chip circuitry and the mirror structure are presented. The mirrors consist of the second CMOS metallization deposited in two successive passes in order to establish a thick metal layer for the stiff mirror plate as well as a thin one for the flexible hinges. The mirrors are released by sacrificial aluminum and oxide etching. Supercritical point drying is performed in order to avoid sticking of the mirrors to the substrate. The mirrors are electrostatically deflected by biasing the address electrodes implanted into the substrate underneath the mirror plate. Full angular deflection of 4.8 degree(s) of a 30 X 40 micrometers <SUP>2</SUP> plate is achieved with a driving voltage of 12 V. On-chip circuitry adjacent to each mirror allows to address the pixels by 5 V data pulses. The reflectivity of the aluminum surface for wavelength between 400 and 700 nm was measured to be 83 - 89%. The mirror surface was further characterized using Auger spectroscopy showing that no optically relevant surface modification occur during post- processing. The surface rms roughness measured by atomic force microscopy is in the order of 25 nm.
Type-II Dirac line node in strained <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Na</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2018)

Dirac line node (DLN) semimetals are a class of topological semimetals that feature band-crossing lines in momentum space. We study the type-I and type-II classification of DLN semimetals by developing a criterion that determines the type using band velocities. Using first-principles calculations, we also predict that ${\mathrm{Na}}_{3}\mathrm{N}$ under an epitaxial tensile strain realizes a type-II DLN semimetal with vanishing spin-orbit coupling, characterized by the Berry phase, which is ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ quantized in the presence of inversion and time-reversal symmetries. The surface energy spectrum is calculated to demonstrate the topological phase and the type-II nature is demonstrated by calculating the band velocities. We also develop a tight-binding model and a low-energy effective Hamiltonian that describe the low-energy electronic structure of strained ${\mathrm{Na}}_{3}\mathrm{N}$. The occurrence of a DLN in ${\mathrm{Na}}_{3}\mathrm{N}$ under strain is captured in the optical conductivity, which we propose as a means to experimentally confirm the type-II class of DLN semimetals.
Chronic pulmonary hypertension‐the monocrotaline model and involvement of the hemostatic system (1998)

Monocrotaline (MCT) is a toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid of plant origin. Administration of small doses of MCT or its active metabolite, monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP), to rats causes delayed and progressive lung injury characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, pulmonary hypertension, and compensatory right heart hypertrophy. The lesions induced by MCT(P) administration in rats are similar to those observed in certain chronic pulmonary vascular diseases of people. This review begins with a synopsis of the hemostatic system, emphasizing the role of endothelium since endothelial cell dysfunction likely underlies the pathogenesis of MCT(P)-induced pneumotoxicity. MCT toxicology is discussed, focusing on morphologic, pulmonary mechanical, hemodynamic, and biochemical and molecular alterations that occur after toxicant exposure. Fibrin and platelet thrombosis of the pulmonary microvasculature occurs after administration of MCT(P) to rats, and several investigators have hypothesized that thrombi contribute to the lung injury and pulmonary hypertension. The evidence for involvement of the various components of the hemostatic system in MCT(P)-induced vascular injury and remodeling is reviewed. Current evidence is consistent with involvement of platelets and an altered fibrinolytic system, yet much remains to be learned about specific events and signals in the vascular pathogenesis.
Estimation of wind energy production in relation to orographic complexity - A reliability study of two conventional computer software (2010)

The aim with this thesis is to compare two wind simulation software to simulate\nenergy production which are based on two different flow models; a\nlinear and a non-linear. The test parameter is orographic complexity and\nthe test software is WAsP, which is based on the linear model and WindSim,\nwhich is based on the non-linear model. The test sites are N¨asudden and\nHunnflen which have low orographic complexity and high orographic complexity\nrespectively. At each site turbines with a long record of production\nare selected.\nIn a first step the basics of wind approximations, measurements and conversion\nis presented. The aim with this is to present the input data for the\nflow models but also to show how complex winds, and thus wind simulations,\nare. Thereafter, the flow models are presented briefly.\nThe simulation is performed by a preparation process in a third software\ncalled WindPRO and is followed by the actual simulations in the two simulation\nsoftware. The results are then compared to measured production data\nof the chosen wind turbines.\nThe results indicate that WAsP and WindSim estimate the energy production\nat a similar level which is close to the measured production when\nthe orographic complexity is low. The WindSim simulation is very time\nconsuming when comparing it to the WAsP simulation. When it comes to\nhigh orographic complexity the results indicate that WindSim estimates the\nenergy production in a very close range to the measured production. The\nWAsP simulation, however, overestimates the energy production with about\n40%. In the case with high orographic complexity the results show that\na flow model that can calculate turbulence is needed. The model used in\nWindSim can model turbulence and therefore estimates an accurate energy\nproduction.