gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cognitive-behavioral prevention of postconcussion syndrome (1996)

The symptoms of postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are persistent, and no empirically tested treatment is available. The treatment group (n = 29) in this study received a printed manual and met with a therapist prior to hospital discharge to review the nature and incidence of expected symptoms, the cognitive-behavioral model of symptom maintenance and treatment, techniques for reducing symptoms, and instructions for gradual resumption of premorbid activities. The control group (n = 29) received routine hospital treatment and discharge instructions. Both groups had sustained mild head injuries characterized by Glascow Coma Scale scores of 13–15 on admission without any measurable period of posttraumatic amnesia. Group assignment was random. Groups did not differ significantly on age, Glascow scores, litigation status, gender, or initial number of PCS symptoms. Patients were contacted 6 months following injury by an interviewer who was unaware of group assignment to obtain outcome data. Treated patients reported significantly shorter average symptom duration (33 vs. 51 days) and significantly fewer of the 12 symptoms at followup (1.6 vs. 3.1). Subjects were also asked how often each symptom had occurred in the previous week, and how severe the symptom typically was. The treatment group experienced significantly fewer symptomatic days (.5 vs. 1.3) and lower mean severity levels. Results suggest that brief, early psychological intervention can reduce the incidence of PCS.
NEED FOR OBSERVATIONS OF GROWTH IN APPRAISING ADEQUACY OF NUTRITION IN CHILDHOOD (1943)

An important aspect of studies of nutrition in animals has been the observation of the effects of different diets on the rate of growth. The effects of reduction or increase of various dietary components on the growth of animals which mature rapidly are easily recognized. This approach to the study of human nutrition has been discouraging, for a number of reasons which will be discussed more fully, but primarily because the progress of human growth is relatively slow and the developmental period covers a long span of time. Many of the present uncertainties as to what constitute optimum diets for children at different ages result from the lack of accurate information as to what effects differences in the consumption of various food substances have on the progress of growth and development. It is well recognized that under conditions of extreme depletion and in the presence of pathologic evidences of certain
Remembering pain after surgery (2015)

Children's memories for pain play a powerful role in their pain experiences. Parents' memories may also influence children's pain experiences, by influencing parent-child interactions about pain and children's cognitions and behaviors. Pain catastrophizing of children and parents has been implicated as a factor underlying memory biases; however, this has not been empirically examined. The current longitudinal study is the first to examine the role of pain catastrophizing of children and parents in the development of their pain memories after surgery. Participants were 49 youth (32 girls) aged 10 to 18 years undergoing major surgery and their parents. One week before surgery, children and parents completed measures of pain catastrophizing. Two weeks after surgery (the acute recovery period), children and parents completed measures of child pain intensity and affect. Two to 4 months after surgery, children's and parents' memories of child pain intensity and affect were elicited. Hierarchical linear regression models revealed that over and above covariates, parent catastrophizing about their child's pain (magnification, rumination) accounted for a significant portion of variance in children's affective and parents' sensory pain memories. Although parent catastrophizing had a direct effect on pain memories, mediation analyses revealed that child catastrophizing (helplessness) indirectly influenced children's and parents' pain memories through the child's postoperative pain experience. Findings highlight that aspects of catastrophic thinking about child pain before surgery are linked to distressing pain memories several months later. Although both child and parent catastrophizing influence pain memory development, parent catastrophizing is most influential to both children's and parents' evolving cognitions about child pain.
Tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis (2010)

Tocilizumab is beneficial in decreasing RA disease activity and improving function. Tocilizumab treatment was associated with significant increase in cholesterol levels and in total adverse events. Larger safety studies are needed to address these safety concerns.
Impact of Childhood Asthma on Health (1992)

In 1988, the National Health Interview Survey contained a supplemental questionnaire on childhood conditions that included asthma. The authors used these data from 17,110 households to determine the disease burden resulting from asthma and to determine the functional status of children with and without asthma by linking information from the core and supplemental questionnaires. The prevalence of asthma in children younger than 18 years of age in the United States as reported by an adult in the household was 4.3% in 1988 and was 3.2% in 1981, the last time a comparable questionnaire was used in the National Health Interview Survey. The difference between the prevalences of asthma was statistically significant (95% confidence interval for the difference was 0.7% to 1.5%). An estimated 2.7 million children younger than 18 years were reported by an adult in the household to have had asthma in the past year. The added burden of illness experienced by children with asthma compared with children without asthma was an additional 10.1 million days missed from school, 12.9 million contacts with medical doctors, and 200,000 hospitalizations. Almost 30% of children with asthma had some limitation in activity, compared with only 5% of children without asthma. A greater proportion of black children experienced more severe functional disability and had more frequent hospitalizations than white children with asthma. Ten percent of children with asthma had severe disease as measured by frequency of bother and limitations in function; these children accounted for 35% of hospitalizations for asthma and 77% of the days in the hospital.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Generalized quasilinearization method for nonlinear boundary value problems with integral boundary conditions (2010)

The quasilinearization method coupled with the method of upper and lower solutions is used for a class of nonlinear boundary value problems with integral boundary conditions. We obtain some less restrictive sufficient conditions under which corresponding monotone sequences converge uniformly and quadratically to the unique solution of the problem. An example is also included to illustrate the main result.
Evolution of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) assay--importance of circulating PTH immunoheterogeneity and of its regulation. (2005)

Most of what we know on PTH bioactivity has been associated with the first 34 amino acids of the PTH structure acting on the type I PTH/PTHrP receptor, leaving little place to the carboxyl-terminal structure. This reality has dictated the evolution of the PTH assay. The first generation of PTH assays has permitted the description of circulating PTH immunoreactivity and of its acute regulation by calcium concentration. Most assays reacted with the dominant forms of circulating PTH, PTH fragments devoid of bioactivity. This was believed to limit their clinical performance, particularly in the diagnosis of hypercalcemic disorders and the evaluation of secondary hyperparathyroidism and/or bone diseases associated with chronic renal failure. This brought up the development of a 2nd generation of PTH assays, the Intact (I) PTH assay. These assays were initially demonstrated to react only with hPTH(1-84), the bioactive form of the hormone. They greatly improved the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemic disorders, facilitated studies of parathyroid function in renal failure patients but were still limited in their capacity to dissociate the various bone diseases associated with chronic renal failure. Eventually, it was demonstrated that these assays, which used 13-34 epitopes, reacted with large C-PTH fragments having a partially preserved amino-terminal (N) structure, also called non-(1-84) PTH. These fragments accounted for up to 50% of I-PTH immunoreactivity in renal failure patients. hPTH(7-84), a surrogate of non-(1-84) PTH fragments, was demonstrated to cause hypocalcemia and to antagonize hPTH(1-34) and hPTH(1-84) calcemic effect in vivo and to inhibit bone resorption in vitro via a C-PTH receptor, different from the type I PTH/PTHrP receptor. This suggested a dual control of calcium concentration via N- and C-PTH molecular forms. This also explained why the ratio of C-PTH fragments/I-PTH was so well regulated both acutely and chronically in various experimental conditions. The fact that I-PTH assays detected circulating PTH molecular forms with biological effects opposite to those of hPTH(1-84) was believed to explain their limitations, particularly in renal failure, and prompted the evolution of a third generation of PTH assays. The last is based on a 1-4 epitope to reveal PTH(1-84) and not hPTH(7-84). It also permits an indirect evaluation of non-(1-84) PTH fragments by subtracting a 3rd generation PTH value from a 2nd generation PTH value and the calculation of a PTH(1-84)/non-(1-84) PTH ratio. The combination of a third generation PTH value with the PTH(1-84)/non-(1-84) PTH ratio value has in some studies improved the differential diagnosis of bone diseases associated with renal failure. But more studies are required to see whether PTH(1-84)/PTH fragment ratios will improve the clinical performance of PTH concentrations used alone.
Text independent speaker identification using automatic acoustic segmentation (2002)

An acoustic-class-dependent technique for text-independent speaker identification on very short utterances is described. The technique is based on maximum-likelihood estimation of a Gaussian mixture model representation of speaker identity. Gaussian mixtures are noted for their robustness as a parametric model and their ability to form smooth estimates of rather arbitrary underlying densities. Speaker model parameters are estimated using a special case of the iterative expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, and a number of techniques are investigated for improving model robustness. The system is evaluated using a 12 reference speaker population from a conversational speech database. It achieves 80% average text-independent speaker identification performance for a 1-s test utterance length.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of alternate secondary (and tertiary) coolants for the molten-salt breeder reactor (1976)

The three most promising coolant selections for an MSBR have been identified and evaluated in detail from the many coolants considered for application either as a secondary coolant in 1000-MW(e) MSBR configurations using only one coolant, or as secondary and tertiary coolants in an MSBR dual coolant configuration employing two different coolants. These are, as single secondary coolants: (1) a ternary sodium--lithium--beryllium fluoride melt; (2) the sodium fluoroborate--sodium fluoride eutectic melt, the present reference design secondary coolant. In the case of the dual coolant configuration, the preferred system is molten lithium--beryllium fluoride (Li/sub 2/BeF/sub 4/) as the secondary coolant and helium gas as the tertiary coolant.
The structure of System/88, a fault-tolerant computer (1987)

In recent years, there has been a growing requirement for continuous processing capability approaching 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Industries such as finance, transportation, securities, and telecommunications have continuous-availability requirements that can approach downtimes of not more than three minutes per year. This paper describes configurations of the Stratus/32 continuous processing computer system that are marketed as the IBM System/88 through an agreement with Stratus Computer, Inc. The system achieves its fault tolerance via hardware duplexing coupled with a distributed operating system that allows system resources to be distributed over many separate computers while maintaining a single systems image to the end user. This single systems image may also be extended across a network of multiple systems. The way in which software makes this distribution possible and the way in which system resources are named to allow transparent distribution across the system are described in the paper. Also described are the transaction processing services that are part of the operating system and allow transaction programs to be written to operate effectively over the distributed system, by means of a requester-server structured approach.
Design, optimization, and characterization of a narrow-bandwidth optical parametric oscillator (1999)

The design, optimization, and performance of a narrow-bandwidth high-repetition-rate singly resonant picosecond optical parametric oscillator, based on a noncritical phase-matched lithium triborate crystal and synchronously pumped by the second harmonic of a mode-locked Nd:YLF laser, is described. The spectral bandwidth of the signal output is reduced with an intracavity birefringent filter to 0.06 nm. Furthermore, the filter allowed fast scanning of the output wavelength within the phase-matching bandwidth. A maximum average signal output of 1.6 W in pulses with a duration of 22 ps was obtained when the optical parametric oscillator was pumped four times above threshold with a 4-W pump source. With the present mirror set the signal and the idler wavelengths were tunable from, respectively, 740 to 930 nm and 1220 to 1830 nm. The total external power conversion efficiency was better than 55%.
Contour quality assessment for OPC model calibration (2009)

Site-based SEM measurements produce accurate OPC models in 180nm to 65nm technology nodes, but the lack of 2D information has prompted for new calibration methods for sub 65nm designs. A hybrid technique using site-based SEM measurements together with SEM contours has been developed to produce more accurate OPC models. Contour samples account for 2D effects while CD sites provide high accuracy 1D measurements. SEM contours are prone to sampling and processing errors as well as extensive calibration run time. We develop a method to filter out inferior samples prior to model calibration to effectively decrease calibration runtime and increase model accuracy. Fitness and coverage metrics are used to assess the quality of the contour data in order to select the best subset of the calibration contours. Our results demonstrate a selection routine that consistently performs better than picking contours at random, and we discuss the trade-offs between coverage, accuracy and runtime with respect to model quality.
Reactivity of some substituted styrenes in the presence of a syndiotactic specific polymerization catalyst (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactivity of some substituted styrenes in the presence of a syndiotactic specific polymerization catalystAlfonso Grassi, Pasquale Longo, Antonio Proto, and Adolfo ZambelliCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 1, 104–108Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00191a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views338Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (551 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Species of Wild Tomatoes (<I>Solanum</I> Section <I>Lycopersicon</I>: Solanaceae) from Northern Peru (2005)

Solanum arcanum and S. huaylasense, two new wild tomato species segregated from Solanum peruvianum sensu lato, are described and illustrated. These two new species are placed in a key with two other segregates of S. peruvianum sensu lato: S. peruvianum sensu stricto and S. corneliomulleri, and the morphologically similar species S. chilense. We also present a list of all 13 species of wild tomatoes we recognize, and their equivalent former names in Lycopersicon.
TEMPO-mediated surface oxidation of cellulose whiskers (2006)

Cellulose whiskers resulting from HCl acid hydrolysis of tunicin were subjected to TEMPO-mediated oxidation under various conditions and the extent of the resulting oxidation was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), conductimetry, X-Ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). With degree of oxidation of up to 0.1 the samples kept their initial morphological integrity and native crystallinity, but at their surface the hydroxymethyl groups were selectively converted to carboxylic groups, thus imparting a negative surface charge to the whiskers. When dispersed in water these oxidized whiskers did not flocculate and their suspensions appeared birefringent when viewed between cross polarizers, thus indicating a liquid crystalline behavior.
A mechanosensitive K+ channel in heart cells. Activation by arachidonic acid. (1992)

Mechanosensitive ion channels have been described in many types of cells. These channels are believed to transduce pressure signals into intracellular biochemical and physiological events. In this study, the patch-clamp technique was used to identify and characterize a mechanosensitive ion channel in rat atrial cells. In cell-attached patches, negative pressure in the pipette activated an ion channel in a pressure-dependent manner. The pressure to induce half-maximal activation was 12 +/- 3 mmHg at +40 mV, and nearly full activation was observed at approximately 20 mmHg. The probability of opening was voltage dependent, with greater channel activity at depolarized potentials. The mechanosensitive channel was identical to the K+ channel previously shown to be activated by arachidonic acid and other lipophilic compounds, as judged by the outwardly rectifying current-voltage relation, single channel amplitude, mean open time (1.4 +/- 0.3 ms), bursty openings, K+ selectivity, insensitivity to any known organic inhibitors of ion channels, and pH sensitivity. In symmetrical 140 mM KCl, the slope conductance was 94 +/- 11 pS at +60 mV and 64 +/- 8 pS at -60 mV. Anions and cations such as Cl-, glutamate, Na+, Cs+, Li+, Ca2+, and Ba2+ were not permeant. Extracellular Ba2+ (1 mM) blocked the inward K+ current completely. GdCl3 (100 microM) or CaCl2 (100 microM) did not alter the K+ channel activity or amplitude. Lowering of intracellular pH increased the pressure sensitivity of the channel. The K+ channel could be activated in the presence of 5 mM intracellular [ATP] or 10 microM glybenclamide in inside-out patches. In the absence of ATP, when the ATP-sensitive K+ channel was active, the mechanosensitive channel could further be activated by pressure, suggesting that they were two separate channels. The ATP-sensitive K+ channel was not mechanosensitive. Pressure activated the K+ channel in the presence of albumin, a fatty acid binding protein, suggesting that pressure and arachidonic acid activate the K+ channel via separate pathways.
An Attribute-Assisted Reranking Model for Web Image Search (2014)

Image search reranking is an effective approach to refine the text-based image search result. Most existing reranking approaches are based on low-level visual features. In this paper, we propose to exploit semantic attributes for image search reranking. Based on the classifiers for all the predefined attributes, each image is represented by an attribute feature consisting of the responses from these classifiers. A hypergraph is then used to model the relationship between images by integrating low-level visual features and attribute features. Hypergraph ranking is then performed to order the images. Its basic principle is that visually similar images should have similar ranking scores. In this paper, we propose a visual-attribute joint hypergraph learning approach to simultaneously explore two information sources. A hypergraph is constructed to model the relationship of all images. We conduct experiments on more than 1,000 queries in MSRA-MMV2.0 data set. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
CTGF enhances the motility of breast cancer cells via an integrin-αvβ3–ERK1/2-dependent S100A4-upregulated pathway (2007)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression is elevated in advanced stages of breast cancer, but the regulatory role of CTGF in invasive breast cancer cell phenotypes is unclear. Presently, overexpression of CTGF in MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/CTGF cells) enhanced cellular migratory ability and spindle-like morphological alterations, as evidenced by actin polymerization and focal-adhesion-complex aggregation. Reducing the CTGF level in MDA-MB-231 (MDA231) cells by antisense CTGF cDNA (MDA231/AS cells) impaired cellular migration and promoted a change to an epithelial-like morphology. A neutralizing antibody against integrin alphavbeta3 significantly attenuated CTGF-mediated ERK1/2 activation and cellular migration, indicating that the integrin-alphavbeta3-ERK1/2 signaling pathway is crucial in mediating CTGF function. Moreover, the cDNA microarray analysis revealed CTGF-mediated regulation of the prometastatic gene S100A4. Transfection of MCF-7/CTGF cells with AS-S100A4 reversed the CTGF-induced cellular migratory ability, whereas overexpression of S100A4 in MDA231/AS cells restored their high migratory ability. Genetic and pharmacological manipulations suggested that the CTGF-mediated S100A4 upregulation was dependent on ERK1/2 activation, with expression levels of CTGF and S100A4 being closely correlated with human breast tumors. We conclude that CTGF plays a crucial role in migratory/invasive processes in human breast cancer by a mechanism involving activation of the integrin-alphavbeta3-ERK1/2-S100A4 pathway.