gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the behavior of voltage mode, V<sup>2</sup> and V<sup>2</sup>I<inf>c</inf> control of a buck converter for a very fast and robust dynamic response (2014)

This paper proposes an optimization method to design the parameters of controls for power converters in order to achieve a very fast dynamic response while remaining stable and robust over the desired operation region. The proposed optimization algorithm is applied to different analog controls and is used to compare the dynamic response of the Voltage mode, V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> control for different cases in order to evaluate which control presents the best performance in terms of dynamic response and stability robustness to system tolerances.
Ammonia Prevents Activation of NMDA Receptors by Glutamate in Rat Cerebellar Neuronal Cultures (1995)

Acute ammonia toxicity is mediated by activation of NMDA receptors and is prevented by chronic moderate hyperammonaemia. The aim of this work was to assess whether the protective effect of chronic hyperammonaemia is due to impaired activation of the NMDA receptor. It is shown that chronic hyperammonaemia in rats decreases the binding of [3H]MK-801 to synaptosomal membranes from the hippocampus but not the amount of NMDAR1 receptor protein as determined by immunoblotting. In primary cultures of cerebellar neurons, long-term treatment with 1 mM ammonia also decreased significantly the binding of [3H]MK-801. These results suggest that ammonia impairs NMDA receptor activation. To confirm this possibility we tested the effect of long-term treatment of the cultured neurons with 1 mM ammonia on three well known events evoked by activation of the NMDA receptor: neuronal death induced by glutamate, increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity and increase in free intracellular [Ca2+]. Long-term treatment with ammonia prevented noticeably the effects of glutamate or NMDA on all these parameters. These results indicate that long-term treatment of neurons with 1 mM ammonia leads to impaired function of the NMDA receptor, which cannot be activated by glutamate or NMDA. Activation of protein kinase C by a phorbol ester restored the ability of the NMDA receptor to be activated in neurons treated with ammonia. This suggests that ammonia impairs NMDA receptor function by decreasing protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation.
Flexible Touchpads Based on Inductive Sensors Using Conductive Composite Polymer and Flexible Metal PCB (2015)

In this thesis, the design, fabrication, testing and characterization of two tactile sensor array technologies are presented. The two sensor systems both use inductance as a transduction principle and are designed to be implemented in flexible wearable systems. The tactile sensor arrays feature flexible PCB substrates and/or flexible conductive composite polymer (CCP) structures, resulting in highly flexible tactile arrays. Each switch consists of 4 elements: fascia, target, spacer and a sensor coil. The user presses the fascia, bringing the target in contact with the sensor coil. In the first method, where the system operates based on the principle of eddy current generation, movement of the conductive target changes the inductance of a sensing coil. In the second method, the contact between the target and the conductive membrane triggers a touch detect in the detection mechanism. An electronic circuit that accurately measures inductances is developed to detect the change in the inductance of each sensor’s coil when the user presses the target element of the sensor. Different sizes and geometries of coils in both flexible PCB metal and CCP are investigated to determine which couple best with the CCP that forms the target for the inductive coils. Using COMSOL, a COMSOL simulation of the coil geometries is also conducted in order to study the generated magnetic field and distribution of the magnetic flux density at the center of the coils. Techniques for patterning two-layer inductive coils on flexible PCBs are described. A low cost microfabrication technique to create inductive flexible coils using embedded CCP in polydimethylsiloxane as an alternative to PCB metal coils is also presented. The inductance for a sensor composed of PCB metal coils and CCP target are measured to be approximately 33.1 μH and 42.9 μH for circular and square geometries, respectively, before being pressed. When pressed, a 40% change in the inductance is observed, a change which is easily detected. In the case of coils made of CCP, although the measured inductance values are shifted because of the internal resistance of the coils, a 35% change in the inductance was observed when the conductive target was pressed.
Hierarchical timing analysis using conditional delays (1995)

We present a novel method to perform timing analysis of hierarchical circuits. It is based on the representation of circuit modules by conditional delay matrices (CDMs) which combine module delays with event propagation conditions. The CDM model is independent of module complexity and allows automatic identification of false paths. We exploit hierarchy information to perform efficient delay computation. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on a high-level model of the ISCAS-85 circuit c6288, which is difficult to analyze using traditional approaches. The method has been implemented in a symbolic timing analysis program called CAT. The application of CAT to carry-skip adders shows that hierarchical timing analysis is faster by an order of magnitude than gate-level analysis.
Effect of Al inclusion in HfO<sub>2</sub> on the physical and electrical properties of the dielectrics (2002)

This authors present the effect of Al inclusion in HfO/sub 2/ on the crystallization temperature, leakage current, band gap, dielectric constant, and border traps. It has been found that the crystallization temperature is significantly increased by adding Al into the HfO/sub 2/ film. With an addition of 31.7% Al, the crystallization temperature is about 400-500/spl deg/C higher than that without Al. This additional Al also results an increase of the band gap of the dielectric from 5.8 eV for HfO/sub 2/ without Al to 6.5 eV for HfAlO with 45.5% Al and a reduced dielectric constant from 19.6 for HfO/sub 2/ without Al to 7.4 for Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ without Hf. Considering the tradeoff among the crystallization temperature, band gap, and dielectric constant, we have concluded that the optimum Al concentration is about 30% for conventional self-aligned CMOS gate processing technology.
Managing IP Networks With Cisco Routers (1997)

From the Publisher:
Routers are the glue that connects the pieces of your network. Even in the simplest networks, this isn't a simple task. Routers have evolved into highly specialized computing platforms, with extremely flexible but complex capabilities. 
Managing IP Networks with Cisco Routers is a practical guide to setting up and maintaining a production network. It discusses issues like how to select routing protocols and how to configure protocols to handle most common situations. It also discusses less esoteric but equally important issues like how to evaluate network equipment and vendors and how to set up a help desk. Although the book focuses on Cisco routers, and gives examples using Cisco's IOS, the principles discussed are common to all IP networks, regardless of the vendor you choose. 
This book is firmly grounded in the realities of day-to-day network management. It's designed to solve real-world problems, like: How do I prevent my router from using unreliable information from other routers? How do I safeguard my router against attacks? How can I make my network more reliable? If you're building or maintaining an IP network, you'll find this book indispensable. 
Topics covered include: 
Designing an IP network Evaluating equipment and vendors Selecting routing protocols Configuring common interior protocols (RIP, OSPF, EIGRP) Connecting to external networks and configuring exterior protocols (BGP) Ongoing network management: troubleshooting and maintenance Security and privacy issues
Triple-self-aligned, planar double-gate MOSFETs: devices and circuits (2002)

We introduce a planar, triple-self-aligned double-gate FET structure ("PAGODA"). Device fabrication incorporates wafer bonding, front-end CMP, mixed optical/e-beam lithography, silicided silicon source/drain sidewalls, and back gate undercut and passivation. We demonstrate double-gate FET operation with good transport at both interfaces, inverter action, and NOR logic.
Changes in the Composition of Circulating CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cell Subsets during Acute Epstein‐Barr and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections in Humans (2000)

In response to viral infection, unprimed naive CD8+, major histocompatibility complex class I—restricted, virus-specific T cells clonally expand and differentiate into memory- and effector-type cells. Changes in CD8+ subset distribution were studied in 17 subjects with acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and in 14 subjects with acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, with combined CD45RO, CD27, and CD28 monoclonal antibodies. A vast expansion of memory-type CD45RO+CD27+CD8+ T cells, with high expression of the cell-cycle marker Ki-67, was observed in both infections. Strikingly, CD45RO+CD27+CD28− cells increased >10-fold in acute viral infection and had high Ki-67 expression. In acute EBV infection, a substantial portion of the expanded T cells were EBV-peptide specific. These cells resided mainly in the CD45RO+CD27+ subpopulation, with most in the CD27+CD28− subpopulation. Content of perforin expression, as a measure of cytotoxic capacity, was relatively low in the CD27+CD28+ T cells and highest in the CD27−CD28− subpopulation.
Synthesis of Novel Supramolecular Assemblies Based on Hyaluronic Acid Derivatives Bearing Bivalent β-Cyclodextrin and Adamantane Moieties (2007)

New supramolecular assemblies based on hyaluronic acid stabilized by divalent β-cyclodextrin/adamantane (β-CD/AD) complexes were synthesized with the aim to compare their viscoelastic behavior in aqueous medium with systems resulting from monovalent complexes. For this purpose, dimers of AD and β-CD to be coupled to hyaluronic acid were prepared by multistep chemical synthetic pathways. Investigation of the complexation properties of these dimers by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments revealed a pronounced increase of the stability constant. These results can be attributed to divalency as suggested by the value of the complexation enthalpy (ΔH0) which is twice that of the monovalent complex, in agreement with literature data. Nevertheless, a decrease of the complexation properties of these dimers when fixed on the polysaccharide backbone was observed as a result of an unfavorable entropy of binding. The viscoelastic properties of the supramolecular assemblies were examined by dynamic rheological measurements, showing different behaviors related to the nature and the energy of the interchain physical junctions.
The Report of the Treasurer (1953)

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ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA: AN UNDERESTIMATED CAUSE OF SEVERE RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES AND SEVERE ORAL MUCOSITIS? (2010)

Aspiration pneumonia is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of respiratory failure in patients suffering from haematologic malignancies in daily practice. We describe four patients who were admitted with severe respiratory failure in the ICU over a one-year-period prospective survey (a total of 72 patients with haematological malignancies of which 34 presented with respiratory failure). All of these patients had chemotherapy-induced severe oral mucositis (WHO grade ILL-IV) for which three of them received opioids. All had a history of cough after oral rinsing and two of them experienced sudden brief desaturation in the days before ICU referral. Two of these patients, both in allogeneic bone marrow transplant setting, died. With this data, we want to draw the attention to the diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia in this group of patients.
4EGI-1 targets breast cancer stem cells by selective inhibition of translation that persists in CSC maintenance, proliferation and metastasis (2014)

Cancer death is a leading cause of global mortality. An estimated 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million cancer deaths occurred worldwide in 2012 alone. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) within tumors are essential for tumor metastasis and reoccurrence, the key factors of cancer lethality. Here we report that 4EGI-1, an inhibitor of the interaction between translation initiation factors eIF4E1 and eIF4G1 effectively inhibits breast CSCs through selectively reducing translation persistent in breast CSCs. Translation initiation factor eIF4E1 is significantly enhanced in breast CSCs in comparison to non-CSC breast cancer cells. 4EGI-1 presents increased cytotoxicity to breast CSCs compared to non-CSC breast cancer cells. 4EGI-1 promotes breast CSC differentiation and represses breast CSC induced tube-like structure formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 4EGI-1 isomers suppress breast CSC tumorangiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. In addition, 4EGI-1 decreases proliferation in and induces apoptosis into breast CSC tumor cells. Furthermore, 4EGI-1 selectively inhibits translation of mRNAs encoding NANOG, OCT4, CXCR4, c-MYC and VEGF in breast CSC tumors. Our study demonstrated that 4EGI-1 targets breast CSCs through selective inhibition of translation critical for breast CSCs, suggesting that selective translation initiation interference might be an avenue targeting CSCs within tumors.
Magnetic and recording properties of monolayer and multilayer thin-film media by using composite targets (1996)

A single chamber deposition process (N-process) to produce multilayer media was developed using a newly designed magnetron cathode. The key feature of this cathode is its use of a composite target and magnetron design which permits specific areas of the target to be independently activated. Magnetic properties, read/write performance, and media-noise of single-layer (SL) and multilayer (ML) media produced with this cathode were compared to media fabricated using a standard two chamber process (S-process). CoCrTa:SL-media sputtered using the N-process produced ∼400–600 Oe higher Hc, ∼24% lower noise, and ∼3 dB higher SNR at 136.4 KFCI recording density in comparison to SL media sputtered by S-process. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a higher degree of in-plane c-axis orientation in N-process SL media. Sputtering the magnetic layer at elevated temperature due to zero dwell time between Cr and magnetic layer deposition and the formation of preferred in-plane orientation in the magnetic layer contributed to the increase in Hc of N-process media. ML-media fabricated by two different sputtering processes with Cr-interlayer (Cr-IL) of 5–15 Å (1-chamber and 2-chamber) showed similar noise reduction: ∼30% at 153.4 KFCI recording density. In addition, for the comparable Hc and Mrt, the ML media sputtered by N process produced lower pulse width (PW-50), better overwrite (OW), and lower bit shift (BS).
Blocking effect removal using regularization and dithering (2002)

Image compression codecs suffer from the various coding artifacts at low bit rate. The coding artifacts can be removed by way of post-processing. Most of the coding artifacts removal algorithms depend on a priori knowledge of the original image, which is about its smoothness. The resulting surface of the restored image is often too smooth to be the one in the natural scene. Dithering is based on the idea of adding controlled noise to the system to achieve the better results. An algorithm based on regularization and dithering is proposed to remove the coding artifacts. The results show that the algorithm removes the coding artifacts successfully and the surface of the restored image is more visually pleasing.
Neutronics and Thermal-Hydraulics Analyses of the Pellet Bed Reactor for Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (1995)

Neutronics and thermal-hydraulics design and analyses of the pellet bed reactor for nuclear thermal propulsion are performed based on consideration of reactor criticality, passive decay heat removal, maximum fuel temperature, and subcriticality during a water flooding accident. Besides calculating the dimensions of the reactor core to satisfy the excess reactivity requirement at the beginning-of-mission of 1.25 $ (keff of 1.01), the TWODANT discrete ordinates code is used to estimate the radial and axial fission power density profiles in the core. These power profiles are used in the nuclear propulsion thermal-hydraulic analysis model (NUTHAM-S) to determine the two-dimensional steady-state temperature, pressure, and flow fields in the core and optimize the orificing in the hot frit to avoid hot spots in the core at full-power operation.
In Vivo Characterization of Tandem C‐Terminal Thioesterase Domains in Arthrofactin Synthetase (2007)

Macrocyclization of a peptide or a lipopeptide occurs at the last step of synthesis and is usually catalyzed by a single C-terminal thioesterase (Te) domain. Arthrofactin synthetase (Arf) from Pseudomonas sp. MIS38 represents a novel type of nonribosomal peptide synthetase that contains unique tandem C-terminal Te domains, ArfC_Te1 and ArfC_Te2. In order to analyze their function in vivo, site-directed mutagenesis was introduced at the putative active-site residues in ArfC_Te1 and ArfC_Te2. It was found that both Te domains were functional. Peaks corresponding to arthrofactin and its derivatives were absent in ArfC_Te1:S89A, ArfC_Te1:S89T, and ArfC_Te1:E26G/F27A mutants, and the production of arthrofactin by ArfC_Te2:S92A, ArfC_Te2:S92A/D118A, and ArfCDeltaTe2 was reduced by 95 % without an alteration of the cyclic lipoundecapeptide structure. These results suggest that Ser89 in ArfC_Te1 is essential for the completion of macrocyclization and the release of product. Glu26 and Phe27 residues are also part of the active site of ArfC_Te1. ArfC_Te2 might have been added during the evolution of Arf in order to improve macrocyclization efficiency.
<title>Advanced rapid prototyping by laser beam sintering of metal prototypes: design and development of an optimized laser beam delivery system</title> (1996)

Fast technological advances and steadily increasing severe worldwide competition force industry to respond all the time faster to new and chanced customer wishes. Some of the recently emerged processes, commonly referred to as 'rapid prototyping' (RP), have proved to be powerful tools for accelerating product and process development. Early approaches aimed at the automated production of plastic models. These techniques achieved industrial maturity extremely fast and are meanwhile established as standard utilities in the field of development/design processes. So far, their applicability to metal working industry was limited to design studies because the mechanical properties of the prototypes, e.g. modulus of elasticity and mechanical strength were not comparable to the final products they represented. Therefore, RP-processes aimed at the direct production of metallic prototypes gained more and more importance during recent years. A technique belonging to this group is manufacturing of prototypes by using a laser beam sintering machine capable of directly processing metal powders. This so called laser beam sintering process showed a great potential for direct manufacturing of functional tools and prototypes in early feasibility studies. Detailed examinations were performed at several research centers to determine the attainable quality of the parts concerning roughness, dimensional accuracy and mechanical strength. These examinations showed, that there still is a considerable demand for quality improvements of the previously mentioned parameters. The practical application and the potential for improvement of the geometrical accuracy of laser beam sintered parts by using a dual beam concept was proven. An innovative beam guiding and forming concept, similar to the previously mentioned patented beam guiding system, was developed and built with the goal to improve the process parameters governing mechanical properties as well as geometrical accuracy. Further reaching technical applicability of this concept for various other applications is certainly conceivable.
Recommendation via Query Centered Random Walk on K-Partite Graph (2007)

This paper presents an algorithm for recommending items using a diverse set of features. The items are recommended by performing a random walk on the k-partite graph constructed from the heterogenous features. To support personalized recommendation, the random walk must be initiated separately for each user, which is computationally demanding given the massive size of the graph. To overcome this problem, we apply multi-way clustering to group together the highly correlated nodes. A recommendation is then made by traversing the subgraph induced by clusters associated with a user's interest. Our experimental results on real data sets demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Increasing Efficiency in Gasoline Powertrains with a Two-Stage Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) System (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Downsizing in combination with turbocharging currently represents the main technology trend for meeting CO2 emissions with gasoline engines. Besides the well-known advantages of downsizing the compression ratio has to be reduced in order to mitigate knock at higher engine loads along with increased turbocharging demand to compensate for the reduction in power. Another disadvantage occurs at part load with increasing boost pressure levels causing the part load efficiencies to deteriorate. The application of a variable compression ratio (VCR) system can help to mitigate these disadvantages.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The 2-stage VCR system with variable kinetic lengths entails variable powertrain components which can be used instead of the conventional components and thus only require minor modifications for existing engine architectures. The presented variable length connecting rod system has been continuously developed over the past years. The working principle and the system properties based on the current state of development will be shown in detail.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Various compression ratio ranges and considerations for actuation speed are being discussed in detail. A comparison of 2-stage versus fully variable compression ratio systems will be discussed and an outlook will be provided of how the presented 2-stage system can be utilized in current state-of-the-art turbocharged direct-injected gasoline engines with the potential for significant CO2 reduction.</div></div>
A video signal processor for motion-compensated field-rate upconversion in consumer television (1996)

An IC for 100-Hz television has been realized implementing motion estimation and compensation algorithms for high-quality upconversion and a judder-free motion portrayal of movie material. The four embedded video signal processors on this IC provide a processing power of 10 giga-operation per second (GOPS). Their architecture was generated from an algorithm description using behavioral synthesis. The required 25-Gb/s memory bandwidth was realized by embedding 24 single/dual port SRAM/DRAM instances. The test approach includes full scan, boundary scan, functional testing, built-in-self-test, and IDDq-test. The so-called "Natural Motion" feature implemented by this IC was demonstrated at the IFA'95 and received the European Video Innovation Award 95-96.