gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binary optics pyroelectric chopper technology (2010)

It is obvious character that the chopper must be used in Uncooled pyroelectric imaging system. At present, three mainly type chopper which are linear chopper, Archimedean spiral chopper and Fresnel zone plate array (FLA) chopper. The FLA has some advantages than the others, which used diffraction solution. The paper report pyroelectric focal plane binary optics chopper which was processed by laser direct writing etched Fresnel zone plate array shape, and draw the test results: the sub-beam ratio of 1.2 x 10<sup>3</sup>; diffraction efficiency more than 40%; non-uniformity: multi-point test better than 10% in the FLA chopper.
FinFET based 6T SRAM Cell for Nanoscaled Technologies (2015)

FinFET is a non planar modeling device for small size transistors (less than 45nm) will replace traditional planar MOSFETs because of superior ability to control short channel effects, off-state leakage current, power dissipation and propagation delay. Static random access memories (SRAMs) consume nearly 94% of chip area in most present system-onchip (SoC) circuits. In this paper, a standard 6T SRAM cell has been designed using dual gate FinFET transistors and its performance for read/write operation is analyzed in terms of average power consumption, propagation delay, power delay product (PDP) and static noise margin (SNM) for nanoscaled technologies. A comprehensive comparison is carried out with conventional 6T CMOS SRAM cell for 45nm, 32nm and 16nm nanoscaled technologies. A reduction in power delay product by 87.5%, 88.8% and 99.1% in read operation and 90.4%, 89.2% and 96.9% in write operation of FinFET based SRAM cell at 45nm, 32nm and 16nm technology nodes respectively as compared to 6T CMOS SRAM cell. Also an improvement in static noise margin by 27.5%, 31.5% and 8.9% of FinFET based SRAM cell is obtained at 45nm, 32nm and 16nm technology nodes respectively.
Drug-induced modification of the system properties associated with spontaneous human electroencephalographic activity (2003)

The benzodiazepine (BZ) class of minor tranquilizers are important modulators of the gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA(A))/BZ receptor complex that are well known to affect the spectral properties of spontaneous electroencephalographic activity. While it is experimentally well established that the BZs reduce total alpha band (8-13 Hz) power and increase total beta band (13-30 Hz) power, it is unclear what the physiological basis for this effect is. Based on a detailed theory of cortical electrorhythmogenesis it is conjectured that such an effect is explicable in terms of the modulation of GABAergic neurotransmission within locally connected populations of excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons. Motivated by this theory, fixed order autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models were fitted to spontaneous eyes-closed electroencephalograms recorded from subjects before and approximately 2 h after the oral administration of a single 1 mg dose of the BZ alprazolam. Subsequent pole-zero analysis revealed that BZs significantly transform the dominant system pole such that its frequency and damping increase. Comparisons of ARMA derived power spectra with fast Fourier transform derived spectra indicate an enhanced ability to identify benzodiazepine induced electroencephalographic changes. This experimental result is in accord with the theoretical predictions implying that alprazolam enhances inhibition acting on inhibitory neurons more than inhibition acting on excitatory neurons. Further such a result is consistent with reported cortical neuronal distributions of the various GABA(A) receptor pharmacological subtypes. Therefore physiologically specified fixed order ARMA modeling is expected to become an important tool for the systematic investigation and modeling of a wide range of cortically acting compounds.
Advances in sonar signal processing in the 90's (2002)

Advances in sonar signal processing in this decade have been mainly in the application of sophisticated signal processing techniques to satisfy requirements that come from both industry and government. For example ocean bottom mapping needs drove the development of improved sidescan sonars that can produce high resolution images of the bottom. With high resolution images pattern recognition techniques have been able to classify bottom types automatically. But not all sonars produce high resolution images. Other sonar systems require longer range capabilities and therefore give up the ability to produce high resolution images. In this case other signal processing methods, some relying on neural networks, have been successful in classifying bottom types. This paper will describe requirements, sonar systems, and signal processing methods that were applied by the oceans community over the last 6 years satisfying technological challenges.
The role of IL-10 in human B cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. (1995)

Recent studies have disclosed variable effects of IL-10 on viabilities of human B lineage cells. Thus, IL-10 has been shown to prevent apoptosis of germinal center B cells, whereas IL-10 has been found to induce apoptosis of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, suggesting the possibility that the effects of IL-10 might be different depending on the state of activation of B cells. The current studies therefore examined in detail the regulation of the survival of human peripheral blood B cells by IL-10 and its relevance to Ig production. Highly purified B cells from healthy adult individuals were cultured with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) Cowan I in the presence or absence of IL-10. When IL-10 was present during the initial activation of B cells with SA, IL-10 facilitated the apoptosis of SA-activated B cells, as determined by staining with propidium iodide, followed by analysis with flow cytometry, thus resulting in very modest IgM production. IL-2 prevented the IL-10-mediated progression of the apoptosis of SA-activated B cells during the initial activation, and thus restored the further differentiation of these B cells into Ig secreting cells. By contrast, IL-10 rather rescued SA-activated B cells from apoptosis and thus supported the differentiation of these B cells without any influences of IL-2, when it was added after 72 h of culture. Of note, cyclosporin A prevented the IL-10-mediated promotion of the apoptosis of SA-activated B cells, thus resulting in the marked enhancement of IgM production of B cells stimulated with SA + IL-10. Finally, the promotion or prevention of the IL-10-mediated apoptosis was correlated with the expression of Bcl-2 oncoprotein in SA-activated B cells. These results indicate that the effects of IL-10 are different depending on the state of activation of B cells after ligation of Ag receptors. Thus, the data have demonstrated that IL-10 during the initial activation delivers negative signals that promote the apoptosis of B cells, whereas IL-10 supports the differentiation of B cells in the complete absence of IL-2 during the subsequent responses following activation. These results therefore emphasize unique biphasic effects of IL-10 on human B cell responsiveness in determining the outcome of humoral immune responses.
Impotence in elderly men (1988)

Impotence in not a concomitant of aging. A diligent search must be undertaken to determine the cause, which may be endocrine, pharmacologic, vascular, neurologic, psychological, or miscellaneous (eg, chronic illness). Many therapies are available for elderly impotent men. Some are based on pharmacology (eg, testosterone supplementation, thyroid replacement, self-injection), some on surgery (eg, vascular reconstruction), and some on a prosthesis (semirigid, inflatable, or mechanical). In choosing the type of treatment, the physician must consider the patient's underlying medical condition, activities of daily living, social life, and partner's expectations in addition to the cause of the impotence.
Synthesis and application of dimeric Cinchona alkaloid phase-transfer catalysts: α,α′-bis[O(9)-allylcinchonidinium]-o, m, or p-xylene dibromide (2001)

A dimeric Cinchona alkaloid ammonium salt, α,α′-bis[O(9)-allylcinchonidinium]-m-x ylene dibromide 4, has been developed as a new efficient phase-transfer catalyst; the catalytic enantioselective alkylation of N-(diphenylmethylene)glycine tert-butyl ester using 4 provided 7 in a high enantiomeric excess (90–99% ee).
Generate Random Image-Key using Hash Technique (2010)

Random image is very useful to be used as a source for clipping randomnesssession keys in cryptography. In this paper a new algorithm is proposed to generaterandom image .The random image is generated by mixing initialization vector withnormal digital image; the mixing process is applied in the same way as HASHtechnique. A special cryptography algorithm for generating random numbers isused to generate initialization vector. This proposed algorithm is capable ofgenerating random image that can meet security requirements of cryptographicalgorithms.
Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species by <i>Atm</i> Is Essential for Proper Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Lymphocytes (2007)

The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) gene plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of genomic stability. Although it has been recently shown that antioxidative agents inhibited lymphomagenesis in Atm(-/-) mice, the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we intensively investigated the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in phenotypes of Atm(-/-) mice. Reduction of ROS by the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) prevented the emergence of senescent phenotypes in Atm(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, hypersensitivity to total body irradiation, and thymic lymphomagenesis in Atm(-/-) mice. To understand the mechanisms for prevention of lymphomagenesis, we analyzed development of pretumor lymphocytes in Atm(-/-) mice. Impairment of Ig class switch recombination seen in Atm(-/-) mice was mitigated by NAC, indicating that ROS elevation leads to abnormal response to programmed double-strand breaks in vivo. Significantly, in vivo administration of NAC to Atm(-/-) mice restored normal T cell development and inhibited aberrant V(D)J recombination. We conclude that Atm-mediated ROS regulation is essential for proper DNA recombination, preventing immunodeficiency, and lymphomagenesis.
A New Approach to Anonymous Multicast Routing in Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

Anonymity in ad hoc network routing came as a means to hide the identification information of nodes, traffic, paths and network topology, which is an effective counter-attack measure to a number of attacks such as traffic analysis, spoofing and denial of services. In this paper, we propose AMUR, an anonymous multicast routing protocol, for ad hoc networks. AMUR uses Bloom filters to encode source multicast tree in each multicast packet to provide anonymity of nodes, links, routing tables, and source routing trees for multicast purposes. We specify the AMUR protocols, and investigate its robustness against network mobility and various attacks.
SVNet: A Single View Network for 3D Shape Recognition (2019)

As the great success of deep learning in the 2D image recognition, applying it to 3D shape recognition has recently received much more attention. In this paper, we propose a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) framework named Single-view Network (SVNet) for 3D recognition. Unlike multiple-view-based methods that aggregate multiple views into one, SVNet extracts and retains the feature of each view separately. Concretely, there are M fully connected layers in the last layer of SVNet, where M denotes the number of views. SVNet integrates the prediction of each fully connected layer to get the final result, which is similar to voting. In addition, our method does data augment by aligning the 3D shape and using normalized normals as the color of 3D shapes. Compared to the state-of-the-art methods, SVNet achieves better performance in 3D shape classification and retrieval on the benchmark dataset. The implementation of SVNet is available at https://github.com/paopaoer/experiment.git.
Cortinarius Fr. Subgenus Cortinarius in Australia (2009)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Second-order optical coherence tomography: deeper and turbulence-free imaging (2013)

The superior resolution of optical coherence tomography (OCT) with respect to alternative imaging modalities makes it highly attractive, and some of its applications are already in extensive clinical use. However, one of the major limitations of OCT is that the tomographic picture it generates is depth-limited to approximately 1 mm in most biological tissues. This is mainly due to the spatially turbulent nature of the tissue, which leads to scattering. Moreover, this technique is extremely sensitive to temporal variations in the medium. We show that insensitivity to temporal and spatial turbulence may be gained by replacing the linear detector with an ultrasensitive two-photon detector. These results have striking implications on the attainable penetration depth of optical imaging and on its sensitivity to sample motion.
Adaptive voltage scaling by in-situ delay monitoring for an image processing circuit (2012)

The proposed voltage scheme adaptively tunes the supply voltage of digital circuits, according to PVTA variations. By exploiting unused timing margin, produced by state-of-the-art worst-case designs, energy efficiency is significantly increased. In-situ delay monitoring is performed by enhanced flip-flops, observing signal delays in critical paths. We introduce a novel methodology to analyze the closed-loop behavior of the overall control scheme by a Markov approach, based on extensive transistor simulations. The digital logic and the AVS control circuitry are designed in 65nm CMOS for an image processing application. The AVS approach optimizes dynamic and leakage power dependent on the user-defined image quality requirements.
[Diagnostic errors in cancer of the large intestine and means of their elimination]. (1977)

<p>BACKGROUND: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is associated with lethal arrhythmias, which are linked to specific ST-segment changes (type-1 BrS-ECG) and the right ventricle (RV). The pathophysiological basis of the arrhythmias and type-1 BrS-ECG is unresolved. We studied the electrophysiological characteristics of the RV endocardium in BrS.</p><p>METHODS AND RESULTS: RV endocardial electroanatomical mapping and stimulation studies were performed in controls (n=12) and BrS patients with a type-1 (BrS-1, n=10) or type-2 BrS-ECG (BrS-2, n=12) during the studies. BrS-1 patients had prominent impairment of RV endocardial impulse propagation when compared with controls, as represented by: (1) prolonged activation-duration during sinus rhythm (86+/-4 versus 65+/-3 ms), (2) increased electrogram fractionation (1.36+/-0.04 versus 1.15+/-0.01 deflections per electrogram), (3) longer electrogram duration (83+/-3 versus 63+/-2 ms), (4) activation delays on premature stimulation (longitudinal: 160+/-26 versus 86+/-9 ms; transversal: 112+/-5 versus 58+/-6 ms), and (5) abnormal transversal conduction velocity restitution (42+/-8 versus 18+/-2 ms increase in delay at shortest coupling intervals). Wider and more fractionated electrograms were also found in BrS-2 patients. Repolarization was not different between groups.</p><p>CONCLUSIONS: BrS-1 and BrS-2 patients are characterized by wide and fractionated electrograms at the RV endocardium. BrS-1 patients display additional conduction slowing during sinus rhythm and premature stimulation along with abnormal transversal conduction velocity restitution. These patients may thus exhibit a substrate for slow and discontinuous conduction caused by abnormal active membrane processes and electric coupling. Our findings support the emerging notion that BrS is not solely attributable to abnormal electrophysiological properties but requires the conspiring effects of conduction slowing and tissue discontinuities.</p>
SOLUBILIZATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ RECEPTOR SITE FROM HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES (1969)

Trypsin treatment of human erythrocytes releases a soluble glycopeptide which binds to phytohemagglutinin and abolishes the erythroagglutinating and lymphocyte-stimulating properties of this molecule. The glycopeptide has been purified by alkaline borohydride treatment, proteolytic digestion, gel filtration, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The most highly purified glycopeptide has a molecular weight of about 2,000. The specificity for binding to phytohemagglutinin resides in the oligosaccharide portion of the molecule with the determinant sugar being a galactose residue which is penultimate to a N-acetylneuraminic acid in some chains and uncovered in others. The glycopeptide is about 3,000 times more potent than either N-acetylgalactosamine or galactose in inhibiting the mitogenic response of lymphocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin.
Running 8-bit dynamic fixed-point convolutional neural network on low-cost ARM platforms (2017)

In recent years, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been extensively applied in the field of computer vision, which has also made remarkable achievements. However, the CNN models are computation-intensive and memory-consuming, which hinders the deployment of CNN-based methods on resource-limited embedded platforms. Therefore, this paper gives insight into low numerical precision Convolutional Neural Networks. At first, an image classification CNN model is quantized into 8-bit dynamic fixed-point with no more than 1% accuracy drop and then the method of conducting inference on low-cost ARM processor has been proposed. Experimental results verified the effectiveness of this method. Besides, our proof-of-concept prototype implementation can obtain a frame rate of 4.54fps when running on single Cortex-A72 core under 1.8GHz working frequency and 6.48 watts of gross power consumption.
Genetic events underlying morphological complexity of gastric carcinoma (1998)

Cancer is a genetic disorder in which gene alterations are selected to provide growth advantage by oncogene activation and/or tumor suppressor gene inactivation. Even marked intra-tumor variation in the histologic pattern, which is common in gastric carcinoma, is considered a result of distinct oncogenic pathways coexisting together. The present review describes that most gastric carcinomas arise through two distinct genetic pathways: microsatellite instability targeting the mononucleotide tracts within coding regions of cancer-related genes and chromosomal deletion involving tumor suppressor genes. With regard to malignant phenotypes, microsatellite instability is associated with the intestinal histological type and chromosomal deletion is correlated with the growth pattern of gastric carcinoma. Moreover, the genetic instability would in turn lead to an increase in alterations of cancer-related genes. The corresponding cells gradually manifest diverse neoplastic properties, thus bringing about consecutive subclonal evolution of more malignant cells. We now have some dues leading to the characterization of phenotypic complexity of gastric carcinoma based on gene-inactivation mechanisms.
Immunomodulation with thiabendazole: a review of immunologic properties and efficacy in combined modality cancer therapy. (1978)

Thiabendazole (TBZ) appears to be an immunorestorative agent, demonstrating maximum immunopotentiation in the immunosuppressed host. Initial in vivo and in vitro immune studies indicate that the drug is most effective when given 24 hours prior to or at the time of administration of antigen. Single doses are more effective than multiple daily doses. One cell population potentiated by TBZ is the macrophage, either by direct activation or secondary to increased lymphokine production. As an adjuvant to conventional cancer treatment modalities, TBZ needs the same host setting as seen with many immunopotentiators. Tumor bulk must be reduced by the primary modality. A dose schedule must be developed in conjunction with each primary modality employed, ie, timing is critical. As an adjuvant in cancer therapy, the drug is most effective when given every other day. Depending upon the primary modality employed, adjuvant TBZ may require dose adjustment.
Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase isozyme. (1983)

The isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) that is specific to testes, designated LDH-C4, is the predominant LDH isozyme in mammalian spermatozoa. Four high-affinity monoclonal antibodies have been developed to murine LDH-C4. These antibodies were tested for crossreactivity with LDH-C4 from rat, hamster, rabbit, and human by competitive binding radioimmunoassays. Monoclonal antibodies RG-1 and RG-2 are specific for adjacent or partially overlapping epitopes. The other two monoclonal antibodies each recognize separate and distinct determinants. One of these, designated RG-4, recognizes a sequential determinant that is contained in the coenzyme binding loop, residues 101-115 of the C subunit. Furthermore, RG-4 shows reduced binding affinity for rat LDH-C4 which differs in amino acid sequence at residue 108 and 111 in this region of the molecule. RG-4 also has reduced affinity for LDH-C4 of other species, which is consistent with substitutions in the amino acid sequences of the coenzyme binding loop. These differences between C4 of closely related species is in contrast to the high degree of conservation of this sequence in the LDH-A4 and LDH-B4 isozymes. These results provide useful information regarding homologies among species of LDH-C4 as well as the evolution of this isozyme.
Adaptive tone-mapping operator for HDR images based on image statistics (2011)

In this paper, we present a novel segmentation method for displaying high dynamic range image based on K-means clustering. The new segmentation method uses statistical features of an image in a logarithmic luminance domain. Each divided region is applied to different global tone mapping operators respectively. The global tone mapping operator is a logarithmic tone mapping with a different user parameters. The parameters for applying to each region are calculated using a centroid which is obtained from K-means clustering. According to results of many HDR image experiments, we demonstrate that our method is faster than other local tone mapping operators and improves an image rendering performance in terms of dark area details and contrast enhancement.
Evaluation of acetabular anteversion following total hip arthroplasty: necessity of proper centring (1975)

To assess accurately the degree of anteversion of the acetabular component following total hip arthroplasty, the radiologist must obtain a view with the central ray directed over the hip, and not rely solely on frontal views of the pelvis.
The Use of Electromyography for Seat Assessment and Comfort Evaluation (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A need to develop methodologies to obtain objective measurements of the effects of different seat contours on people is evident. In an effort to monitor muscle activity during static seated postures, electromyography (EMG) was employed. In an experimental setting, fatigue was induced in back extensor muscles for different seated postures. The resultant EMG signals were then sampled bilaterally for three different vertebral levels and the effects of the different seating systems on posture were evaluated.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In preliminary tests involving 4 subjects of similar size and build, utilizing three differently contoured seats, findings support the use of EMG to quantify muscular fatigue as a viable means of objectively measuring the effects of different seat contours.</div>