gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Tofu Interconnect (2011)

The Tofu interconnect was developed by Fujitsu as a national project of MEXT. The goal of the project is to develop one of the world's most powerful general purpose supercomputer systems and grand challenge applications, and to build a core research hub for computational science. The Tofu interconnect provides the scalability to implement the 10 petaFLOPS 'K computer' system which has more than 80,000 nodes. The network topology is a 6D mesh/torus. Quad network interfaces provide high throughput. The barrier interface is dedicated to offloading collective communications. This paper describes the Tofu interconnect architecture, the Tofu network router, the Tofu network interface, and the Tofu barrier interface, and also presents preliminary evaluation results.
Discriminative Scale Space Tracking (2016)

Accurate scale estimation of a target is a challenging research problem in visual object tracking. Most state-of-the-art methods employ an exhaustive scale search to estimate the target size. The exhaustive search strategy is computationally expensive and struggles when encountered with large scale variations. This paper investigates the problem of accurate and robust scale estimation in a tracking-by-detection framework. We propose a novel scale adaptive tracking approach by learning separate discriminative correlation filters for translation and scale estimation. The explicit scale filter is learned online using the target appearance sampled at a set of different scales. Contrary to standard approaches, our method directly learns the appearance change induced by variations in the target scale. Additionally, we investigate strategies to reduce the computational cost of our approach. Extensive experiments are performed on the OTB and the VOT2014 datasets. Compared to the standard exhaustive scale search, our approach achieves a gain of 2.5 percent in average overlap precision on the OTB dataset. Additionally, our method is computationally efficient, operating at a 50 percent higher frame rate compared to the exhaustive scale search. Our method obtains the top rank in performance by outperforming 19 state-of-the-art trackers on OTB and 37 state-of-the-art trackers on VOT2014.
Effects of Tape Tension on Residual Stress in Thermoplastic Composite Filament Winding (2005)

Thermoplastic composite filament winding is a viable technique for manufacturing composite-reinforced pressure pipes and vessels. Residual stresses developed during the filament winding process have already received much attention in the past. Unreasonable residual stresses may result in distortion, matrix cracking, and interply delaminations. A model containing four submodels is developed in a previous research work. Some methods, such as adjusting tape tensions and temperatures are found to control the residual stress profile. The residual stress profile can be adjusted to a satisfactory level, which can avoid defects and even reduce weight and save material. Adjusting the tape tension is one of the parameters that controls the residual stress in thermoplastic composite filament winding. From a practical point of view, it is easy to realize even on an industrial scale. Experiments on two materials (glass fiber–polypropylene (G–PP) and carbon fiber–poly(ether-ether-ketone) (C–PEEK)) are made by using a variety of different tape tensions. The results proved the conclusions of theoretical work and agree well with the model predictions.
Rheumatoid cachexia: metabolic abnormalities, mechanisms and interventions (2004)

We have previously identified the phrase 'rheumatoid cachexia' to describe the loss of body cell mass (BCM) that may occur among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Specifically, rheumatoid cachexia is characterized by altered energy and protein metabolism (reduced total energy expenditure, increased resting energy expenditure and increased whole-body protein catabolism) and increased inflammatory cytokine production (interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha). Patients with rheumatoid cachexia consistently have a diet that appears adequate in protein and calories (based on US Dietary Reference Intakes), but with reduced physical activity. These phenomena are similar to some of the metabolic abnormalities that occur with normal ageing, but the aetiology appears to be different in RA. This review will focus on describing the metabolic abnormalities observed in rheumatoid cachexia, identifying potential mechanisms for loss of BCM and discussing strategies for intervention.
Noninvasive Determination of Ulnar Stiffness From Mechanical Response—In Vivo Comparison of Stiffness and Bone Mineral Content in Humans (1988)

An approach referred to as Mechanical Response Tissue Analysis (MRTA) has been developed for the noninvasive determination of mechanical properties of the constituents of the intact limb. Of specific interest in the present study is the bending stiffness of the ulna. The point mechanical impedance properties in the low frequency regime, between 60 and 1,600 Hz are used. The procedure requires a proper design of the probe for good contact of the skin at midshaft and proper support of the proximal and distal ends of the forearm to obtain an approximation to "simple support" of the ulna. A seven-parameter model for the mechanical response is then valid, which includes the first mode of anterior-posterior beam bending of the ulna, the damping and spring effect of the soft tissue between probe and bone, and the damping of musculature. A dynamic analyzer (HP3562A) provides in seconds the impedance curve and the pole-zero curve fit. The physical parameters are obtained from a closed-form solution in terms of the curve-fit parameters. The procedure is automated and is robust and analytically reliable at about the five percent level. Some 80 human subjects have been evaluated by this mechanical response system and by the Norland single photon absorptiometer, providing for the first time in vivo, a comparison of elastic bending stiffness (ulna) and bone mineral content (radius). Three functional parameters of potential clinical value are the cross-sectional bending stiffness EI, the axial load capability Pcr (Euler buckling load) and the bone "sufficiency" S, defined as the ratio of Pcr to body weight. The correlation between EI and bone mineral (r = 0.81) is only slightly less than previous in vitro results with both measurements on the same bone (r = 0.89). When sufficiency is taken into consideration, the correlation of Pcr and bone mineral content is improved (r = 0.89). An implication is that "quality" of bone is a factor which is not indicated by bone mineral content but which is indicated by stiffness. Bone mineral is necessary for proper stiffness but not sufficient. Therefore mechanical measurement should provide a new dimension to be used toward a better understanding of the factors related to bone health and disease.
Controllable Growth of Large–Size Crystalline MoS2 and Resist-Free Transfer Assisted with a Cu Thin Film (2015)

Two-dimensional MoS2 is a promising material for future nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. It has remained a great challenge to grow large-size crystalline and high surface coverage monolayer MoS2. In this work, we investigate the controllable growth of monolayer MoS2 evolving from triangular flakes to continuous thin films by optimizing the concentration of gaseous MoS2, which has been shown a both thermodynamic and kinetic growth factor. A single-crystal monolayer MoS2 larger than 300 μm was successfully grown by suppressing the nuclei density and supplying sufficient source. Furthermore, we present a facile process of transferring the centimeter scale MoS2 assisted with a copper thin film. Our results show the absence of observable residues or wrinkles after we transfer MoS2 from the growth substrates onto flat substrates using this technique, which can be further extended to transfer other two-dimensional layered materials.
Observations in Collinear Femtosecond—Nanosecond Dual-Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (2006)

In the work reported herein, we have combined a short-lived femtosecond laser-induced plasma (LIP) and a longer-lived nanosecond LIP in a collinear pulse configuration to examine the source(s) of atomic emission and signal-to-noise enhancement in dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Initial studies indicate that the primary source of dual-pulse LIBS enhancement in the collinear configuration may in large part be a matter of pulse focus; focusing on the sample surface, for example, yields atomic emission enhancements whose lifetime correlates reasonably well with the femtosecond LIP emissive lifetime, suggesting that plasma-plasma coupling may play an important role at that pulse focus. At a second "optimal" focal position above the sample surface, alternatively, atomic emission and signal-to-noise enhancements correlate quite well with the nitrogen and oxygen atomic emission reductions previously seen following use of a femtosecond air spark and a nanosecond ablative pulse in the orthogonal dual-pulse configuration, suggesting that pressure or number density reductions due to femtosecond LIP formation in air may be significant at that pulse focus.
Analysis and modeling of DMOS FBSOA limited by n-p-n leakage diffusion current (2005)

Failure of DMOS self-heated in saturation below the avalanche threshold is usually related to an activation of the parasitic n-p-n transistor. In this work we show that the exponential increase of the leakage diffusion current of the n-p-n is sufficient to cause thermal runaway, even for a slightly reverse body-source bias caused by the internal ballasting source resistance. Adding this current contribution to a basic DMOS compact model allows simulating the thermal limit of large DMOS transistors considered as distributed electrothermal networks. To our knowledge it is the first report of a quantitative DMOS FBSOA model accounting for the instabilities driven by the temperature dependences of both MOS and n-p-n components
Loss ofNF1 allele in schwann cells but not in fibroblasts derived from an NF1-associated neurofibroma (1999)

Neurofibromas, the hallmark of neurofibromatosis 1, are composed mainly of Schwann cells and fibroblasts. Inactivation of both NF1 alleles is the cause of these benign tumors, but it is unknown which cell type is the progenitor. In this study, we selectively cultured Schwann cells from an NF1-associated neurofibroma. Fibroblasts were also obtained by culturing the tumor cells under standard conditions. Using four intragenic markers, we genotyped the NF1 locus in the original tumor and in the derived Schwann cells and fibroblasts. Loss of heterozygosity for two informative markers, which indicates loss of one NF1 allele, was found in Schwann cells but not in fibroblasts. This result suggests that genetic alterations of the NF1 gene in Schwann cells are responsible for the development of neurofibromas.
Coating techniques for 3D-packaging applications (2012)

Spin-on is the method of choice for the deposition of thin film polymers and photo-resists for standard WLP-processes like wafer bumping and redistribution. Topography and deep via holes are the challenges for the 3-D packaging technologies. For examples the depth and the diameter of TSV (through silicon via) and Si-trenches can be in a range of multiple 10-μms being far away for spin-on processes which are needed for lithography of wiring systems and side wall passivation processes. A comparison of different coating techniques has been compared in this paper: For spray-coating the polymer precursors have to be modified by dilution with appropriate solvents. Guidance for the selection of solvents for different material combinations will be discussed. A new technology called diffusion coating by the authors has been introduced in this paper. The process is based on a modified spin-on technique. Highly conformal coatings can be achieved for a wide range of materials. Patents are pending. Electrophoretic coating is a special deposition process using electroplating. Dry-film photo-resist by lamination is the process of choice if only the surface of the wafer has to be structured. The main advantage is that no liquid-based resists may flow into TSV or other cavities.
Functionalization of 6H-SiC surfaces with organosilanes (2008)

We demonstrate the successful covalent functionalization of n-type 6H-SiC with organosilanes. In particular, wet-chemically processed self-assembled layers of octadecyltrimethoxysilane and amino-propyldiethoxymethylsilane were investigated. The structural and chemical properties of these layers were studied by contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, thermal desorption, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The organic layers are smooth and wetting angles up to 100° are observed. Desorption temperatures in the range of 830K prove the covalent bonding of the organic molecules to the SiC surface. By utilizing self-assembled layers with functional end groups, attachment of complex molecules was demonstrated by immobilization of proteins on micropatterned organic layers.
Distinguishing between the Glazed Ceramics of the Aghlabid and Fatimid Periods (9th–11th Centuries, Ifriqiya) by Highlighting the Difference in Texture at the Interface of the Glaze and the Terracotta (2005)

Because typological and iconographic data are insufficient to distinguish Aghlabid and Fatimid production centres of green-and-brown-decorated glazed ceramics from Raqqada (IXth-Xth c.) and Sabra Mansouriya (Xth-XIth c.) in Ifriqiya (Tunisia), we tried to differentiate these productions by physical properties. Both centres arc geographically close : Raqqada is located 9 km south-west and Sabra Mansouriya 1.5 km south-east from Kairouan. The comparative study of samples from Raqqada (n=25) and from Sabra Mansouriya (n=20) revealed great similarities concerning the petrographical characteristics, the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the calcareous ceramic bodies as well as the chemical compositions of the lead glazes. The same traditional colouring agents were used : iron (Fe3+), copper (Cu2*) and manganese (Mn3+) respectively for the yellow glaze and the green and brown decorations. The study, by scanning electron microscopy, of the interface glaze/body texture of a random sample of 9 specimens allowed to distinguish the two productions : the interface zones of the samples from Sabra Mansouriya (more than 100 µm) is definitely thicker than those from Raqqada (less than 20 µm). These variations are thought to reflect the application of the glazing mixture on the unfired body (single firing) for the Sabra Mansouriya samples and on the already-fired body for those from Raqqada (double firing). As a conclusion, the techniques and materials used for the manufacture of green-and-brown-decorated glazed ceramics from Raqqada and Sabra Mansouriya appear to be quite similar and the only outstanding difference would be the number of firings.
Physiological Effects of the Synthetic Strigolactone Analog GR24 on Root System Architecture in Arabidopsis: Another Belowground Role for Strigolactones?       (2010)

In this study, the role of the recently identified class of phytohormones, strigolactones, in shaping root architecture was addressed. Primary root lengths of strigolactone-deficient and -insensitive Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants were shorter than those of wild-type plants. This was accompanied by a reduction in meristem cell number, which could be rescued by application of the synthetic strigolactone analog GR24 in all genotypes except in the strigolactone-insensitive mutant. Upon GR24 treatment, cells in the transition zone showed a gradual increase in cell length, resulting in a vague transition point and an increase in transition zone size. PIN1/3/7-green fluorescent protein intensities in provascular tissue of the primary root tip were decreased, whereas PIN3-green fluorescent protein intensity in the columella was not affected. During phosphate-sufficient conditions, GR24 application to the roots suppressed lateral root primordial development and lateral root forming potential, leading to a reduction in lateral root density. Moreover, auxin levels in leaf tissue were reduced. When auxin levels were increased by exogenous application of naphthylacetic acid, GR24 application had a stimulatory effect on lateral root development instead. Similarly, under phosphate-limiting conditions, endogenous strigolactones present in wild-type plants stimulated a more rapid outgrowth of lateral root primordia when compared with strigolactone-deficient mutants. These results suggest that strigolactones are able to modulate local auxin levels and that the net result of strigolactone action is dependent on the auxin status of the plant. We postulate that the tightly balanced auxin-strigolactone interaction is the basis for the mechanism of the regulation of the plants' root-to-shoot ratio.
USE OF HIGH-VOLUME CLASS F FLY ASH FOR STRUCTURAL-GRADE CONCRETE (1991)

Performance of structural-grade concrete incorporating high volumes of low-calcium fly ash was invvestigated. Two different ASTM Class F fly ashes were used. A portland cement concrete designed to have 28-day compressive strength of 6,000 psi (41 MPa) was used as a control concrete. Concrete mixes were also designed to have fly ash substitution based on total cement weight in the range of 0 to 60% by weight. The water-cement ratio was maintained approximately constant and the desired workability was achieved by using a superplasticizer. Concrete was tested for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity in accordance with ASTM test methods. Compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete were determined at ages 1, 7, and 28 days, whereas modulus of elasticity was determined at 7 and 28 days. High replacement of cement by fly ash in concrete caused reduction in compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity within the experimental range. Compressive strength of fly ash concrete was slightly lower than the reference concrete up to fly ash addition of 60%. However, fly ash concretes achieved adequate strengths appropriate for structural application even at the 60% cement replacements.
The <i>myo</i>-inositol-1-phosphate synthase gene is essential in <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> (2005)

The de novo synthesis of myo-inositol occurs via a two-step process: first, glucose 6-phosphate is converted into inositol 1-phosphate by an INO1 (myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase; EC 5.5.1.4); then, it is dephosphorylated by an inositol monophosphatase. The myo-inositol can then be incorporated into PI (phosphatidylinositol), which is utilized in a variety of cellular functions, including the biosynthesis of GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol) anchors. A putative INO1 was identified in the Trypanosoma brucei genome database and, by recombinant expression in Escherichia coli, was shown to be a catalytically active INO1. To investigate the importance of INO1, we created a conditional knockout, which, under non-permissive conditions, showed that INO1 is an essential gene in bloodstream form T. brucei and that the de novo synthesized myo-inositol is used for the formation of PI and GPI anchors.
Effects of Ruthenium Red on the Cellular Functions and Ultrastructure in Intact Ferret Ventricular Muscles. (1997)

The effects of ruthenium red (RR) on the cellular functions (intracellular Ca2+ handling and contraction) and permeation of the dye through the cell membrane were investigated in intact ferret papillary muscles. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), measured using aequorin, was simultaneously recorded with tension. The permeation of the dye through the cell membrane was studied with electronmicroscopy. The preparation was continuously stimulated at 0.2 Hz and treated with 50 microM RR at 30 degrees C. [Ca2+]i was increased by electrical stimulation (0.07 and 2 Hz) and rapid cooling (from 30 to 4 degrees C) (RC). In electrical stimulation, RR time-dependently decreased the peak light of aequorin without a significant change in the time course at 30 degrees C. However, in RC, treatment with RR for about 100 min significantly prolonged the decay time of the light signal and increased the peak light. The peak tension in RC was decreased after treatment with RR for a longer time. The pCa-tension relation of skinned preparations was significantly shifted to the right by 50 microM RR. In the RR (50 microM)-treated specimens, mitochondrial outer membranes were darkly stained if OsO4 was used for fixation. Even though the specimen treated with 500 microM RR was fixed without OsO4 and electron staining, the matrices of mitochondria became electron dense. We concluded that RR could penetrate into intact mammalian cardiac myocytes, and that RR inhibits the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in electrical stimulation, inhibits mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, and decreases the Ca2+ sensitivity of the myofilaments.
Cardiovascular and renal responses produced by central orphanin FQ/nociceptin occur independent of renal nerves (1999)

The present study investigated the role of the renal nerves in mediating the cardiovascular and renal responses produced by the central administration of the opioid-like peptide orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N) in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats. In conscious rats, OFQ/N (10 microgram icv) produced a transient bradycardia and hypotension (nadir 20 min). Although renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) initially remained unchanged, a delayed renal sympathoinhibitory response occurred after recovery (30 min) of blood pressure. By 30 and 70 min postinjection, RSNA decreased to 75 and 66% of control, respectively. Coinciding with the decrease in RSNA, central OFQ/N elicited a diuresis and antinatriuresis that occurred independent of changes in renal hemodynamics. In other studies, intracerebroventricular OFQ/N produced similar cardiovascular and renal excretory responses in bilaterally renal-denervated rats. Finally, in conscious sinoaortic deafferentiated rats, intracerebroventricular OFQ/N produced a rapid decrease in RSNA (55% of control, 10 min; 38% of control, 20 min) that paralleled the onset of the hypotension and bradycardia. These studies demonstrate that in conscious rats, intracerebroventricular OFQ/N produces a centrally mediated inhibition of RSNA which, due to activation of baroreflex mechanisms, is temporally dissociated from the hypotensive and bradycardia responses. As revealed in renal-denervated rats, the cardiovascular and renal excretory responses produced by central OFQ/N occur by a pathway that is independent of intact renal nerves or changes in renal hemodynamics.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors are expressed in mouse bone marrow‐derived mast cells (2000)

We examined the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and the role of PPARs in cytokine production in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMCs). mBMMCs expressed PPARbeta strongly and gamma slightly, but not alpha. Activation of mBMMCs with antigen or calcium ionophore resulted in the increased expression of PPARgamma mRNA specifically. 15-Deoxy-Delta(12, 14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) and troglitazone, all PPARgamma ligands, attenuated the antigen-induced cytokine production by mBMMCs. Carbaprostacyclin, a PPARbeta ligand, also inhibited cytokine production, whereas PPARalpha ligands did not. These results suggest that PPARbeta and gamma might be included in the negative regulation of mast cell activation.