gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide and gallium chloride for lung cancer: individual adaptation of doses. (1992)

Twelve inoperable lung cancer patients were treated with a combination chemotherapy of cisplatinum (CDDP) and etoposide (VP16), as a continuous infusion for 5 days, every 21 days, and with a daily oral administration of GaCl3. Dosages of CDDP and VP16 were adapted in order to obtain an area under the curve (AUC) of 80,000 micrograms l-1.h for plasma total platinum and of 200 mumol.l-1 h for plasma VP16 during each 120 h infusion. GaCl3 was given at the dosage of 400 mg/24h from the time of diagnosis at least until the evaluation after 3 courses of chemotherapy. An objective response was observed in 5 non small cell (NSCLC) lung cancer patients (group 1) and 3 small cell (SCLC) lung cancer patients (group 2). In the other 4 patients with a NSCLC no partial response was noted (group 3). No significant difference in area under the curve (AUC) was noted between the 3 groups, either for plasma total platinum (group 1 = 89,598 +/- 20,843 micrograms l-1.h; group 2 = 88,081 +/- 15,431 micrograms l-1.h; group 3 = 83,820 +/- 13,455 micrograms l-1.h), or for VP16 (group 1 = 227 +/- 41 mumol.l-1 h; group 2 = 217 +/- 29 mumol.l-1.h and group 3 = 211 +/- 30 mumol.l-1.h). The maximal plasma Ga concentrations were 244 +/- 34 micrograms/l in group 1, 112 +/- 57 micrograms/l in group 3 (p less than 0.005) and 243 +/- 132 micrograms/l in group 2. It was then decided to increase the dose of GaCl3 in the further non-responding patients. In 6 responders, 3 additional courses of this combination chemotherapy could have been given without major toxicity, allowing a much more important decrease in the tumor volume in 4 of them. This schedule of treatment should permit the chemotherapy to continue for longer than 6 courses, in order to improve the survival time.
A review of the biology and genetics of sea lice (2006)

Abstract Studies of the biology of sea lice have been conducted from various perspectives for two decades. For Lepeophtheirus spp., most of the published literature has centred on the economically important Lepeophtheirus salmonis, while for Caligus spp., research has focused on a wider range of species. The most numerous species of Caligus in North Atlantic waters, however, is Caligus elongatus, which is also economically important to salmon farming. Since the last review by Pike, A. W., and Wadsworth, S. L. (1999. Sea lice on salmonids: their biology and control. Advances in Parasitology, 44: 234–337.), research on sea lice has developed considerably, including the application of genetic methods. This new research has focused on life history biology, studying developmental stages under different environmental conditions (e.g. temperature and salinity), behaviour, distribution and the dispersal of free-living stages, monitoring practices, population structure, and modelling. The results of this research have informed risk analyses and allowed the refinement of management strategies to reduce sea lice infestations in wild and farmed populations of anadromous salmonids. Molecular techniques have been used to describe population structure and identify differences in genetic characterization of geographically separate populations and population markers. Research has been initiated to understand the parasite–host relationship at a molecular level and to develop a vaccine against sea lice.
Locomotive “total systems” simulation using SIMULINK (1995)

A railway locomotive represents a good example of a complex mixed mechanical and electrical system. Three main applications of an accurate locomotive computer model can be identified. First these models give engineers the ability to study the behaviour of complex equipment prior to the construction phase. Many design problems may be solved before the prototype stage resulting is large cost savings. Secondly for existing equipment a computer model is an invaluable diagnostic tool for technical staff to study the symptoms of various faults and thus expedite the rectification process. Thirdly a computer model can give unparalleled benefit in the technical training area. The actual operation of the system can be studied by personnel in an interactive manner. A total systems simulation of a Queensland Rail 3500 Class electric locomotive has been undertaken for which the 'SIMULINK' dynamic systems analysis package is utilised. This paper presents the techniques being applied to model the power conversion equipment, DC traction motors, mechanical drive train, wheel-rail interaction, control systems, traction transformer and supply systems. The model provides the user with the possibility to view macro effects such as control loop performance and power semiconductor stress levels interactively in the one simulation. Using this model the various control functions such as creep control and motor load sharing can be studied.<
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Genetic variation in the cuticle-degrading protease activity of the entomopathogen Metarhizium flavoviride (2002)

Extracellular proteases have been shown to be factors of virulence in fungal entomopathogenicity. We examined the production of the cuticle-degrading extracellular proteases chymoelastase (Pr1) and trypsin (Pr2) in isolates of the fungus Metarhizium flavoviride. Fungal growth was in a mineral medium (MM) containing nitrate, and in MM supplemented with either cuticle from Rhammatocerus schistocercoides or with the non-cuticular substrate casein. The substrates used for growth influenced the expression of both analyzed proteases, the highest protease activities of nearly all isolates having been observed in the medium containing insect cuticle, with more Pr1 than Pr2 being produced. There was a natural variability in the production of cuticle-degrading proteases among isolates, although this was less evident for Pr2. Our data support the hypothesis that the production of Pr1 on insect cuticle is a useful characteristic for the analysis of intraspecific variability of M. flavoviride isolates.
Prognostic and Clinicopathologic Associations of Oncogenic <i>BRAF</i> in Metastatic Melanoma (2011)

V600K mutations comprised 20% of BRAF mutations. Characteristics of the antecedent primary melanoma and age at diagnosis differed in BRAF-mutant and BRAF wild-type patients. The presence of mutant BRAF had no impact on the disease-free interval from diagnosis of first-ever melanoma to first distant metastasis; however, it may have impacted survival thereafter.
Effect of 6 months therapy with dexfenfluramine in obese patients: studies in the United Kingdom. (1988)

The efficacy of dexfenfluramine in inducing weight loss and its clinical acceptability were assessed in two studies carried out in a hospital obesity clinic and general practitioner's office. Seventeen patients who had gained an average of 0.7 +/- 1.9 kg during 12 weeks treatment with diet and placebo lost a mean of 2.9 +/- 0.5 kg after 12 weeks sequential treatment with dexfenfluramine 15 mg twice daily (p less than 0.001). In a second trial, 29 patients treated for 24 weeks with dexfenfluramine showed significantly increased, and continuing, weight loss after 24 weeks (7.0 +/- 0.8 kg) compared to that after 12 weeks of treatment (5.7 +/- 0.1 kg; p = 0.05). The incidence of side effects in both trials was lower than that reported in previous studies of racemic dl-fenfluramine. The clinically significant weight loss and low incidence of unwanted effects suggest that dexfenfluramine has a role in the treatment of refractory obesity.
Laser processing for back-contacted silicon solar cells (2006)

We use laser ablation of Si and laser ablation of organic coatings on Si wafers for locally processing solar cells. We present experimental investigations of a variety of pulsed lasers, such as Nd:YAG laser and frequency-converted solid state lasers concerning their applicability of laser structuring silicon solar cells. The laser-induced Si crystal damage is investigated by means of contact-less minority carrier lifetime measurements. With our optimized laser parameters for structuring monocristalline Si we find the depth of the laser-induced damage to be 3 µm for the frequency-tripled (λ = 355 nm), 4 µm for the frequency-doubled (λ = 532 nm), and above 20 µm for the Nd:YAG (λ = 1064 nm) laser. One-dimensional simulation results show the influence of a lowered minority carrier lifetime in the silicon absorber on the performance of a back junction solar cell. With an optimized laser process we fabricate solar cells with a Rear Interdigitated contact scheme that is metallized by one Single vacuum Evaporation step (RISE). The so-called RISE process aims at highest efficiencies in combination with low process complexity.
The Effect of Carbon Type and Processing on High Rate Thionyl Chloride Cathode Collectors (1990)

Abstract : This study was initiated to determine the effects of carbon type, treatment and additives and the manufacturing process on high rate performance of thionyl chloride cathode collectors. Seventeen different collector materials and treatments were tested in demountable test cells and the results compared on the basis of capacity and energy per unit void volume of the cathode collector. Superior results were consistently obtained from CoTMPP catalyzed carbons and from carbon microfibers. Better voltage results were obtained from Ketjenblack EC, but the capacity was not consistently better than acetylene black. Process conditions did not show strong correlations, but in some cases there appears to be a best process for a given carbon type. A significant high rate (7 A test) capacity improvement was seen in F cells with a carbon fiber electrode in agreement with test cell results. Other test cells results did not correlate well with F cell tests, but further work is required to establish statistical significance. Keywords: Lithium chloride cells, Lithium thionyl chloride batteries, Electric batteries.
Excitation of surface plasma oscillations and their study in structures with spatially inhomogeneous boundary conditions (1983)

A study was made of light emitted as a result of decay of surface plasma oscillations in metal–oxide–metal structures. An absolute increase in the intensity of this light and its control were achieved by using a medium external to the metal film. This medium was a liquid crystal forming a domain structure in a static electric field. The arrangement provided a convenient means for investigating the processes of radiative decay of surface plasmons.
A DNA sequence analysis package for the IBM personal computer (1984)

We present here a collection of DNA sequence analysis programs, called "PC Sequence" (PCS), which are designed to run on the IBM Personal Computer (PC). These programs are written in IBM PC compiled BASIC and take full advantage of the IBM PC's speed, error handling, and graphics capabilities. For a modest initial expense in hardware any laboratory can use these programs to quickly perform computer analysis on DNA sequences. They are written with the novice user in mind and require very little training or previous experience with computers. Also provided are a text editing program for creating and modifying DNA sequence files and a communications program which enables the PC to communicate with and collect information from mainframe computers and DNA sequence databases.
M-user Gaussian Interference Channels: To Decode the Interference or To Consider it as Noise (2007)

We address data transmission over the M-user Gaussian interference channel, where users send data using single Gaussian codebooks. We first present a polynomial-time algorithm for finding the maximum decodable subset among interfering users, provided the users' rates and powers are given. Given any ordering of users, we characterize an achievable rate vector in which users' rates are successively maximized based on the ordering. It is also shown that in a noncooperative scenario where users refuse to send below their conservative rates, there are achievable vectors that are feasible with respect to the conservative rates vector which can be obtained by using a simple iterative algorithm.
A RF Frong-End CMOS Transceiver for 2GHz Dual-Band Applications (2002)

Abstract − This paper describes RF front-end transceiver chipset for the dual-mode operation of PCS-Korea and IMT-2000. The transceiver chipset has been implemented in a 0.25µm single-poly five-metal CMOS technology. The receiver IC consists of a LNA and a down-mixer, and the transmitter IC integrates an up-mixer. Measurements show that the transceiver chipset covers the wide RF range from 1.8GHz for PCS-Korea to 2.1GHz for IMT-2000. The LNA has 2.8~3.1dB NF, 14~13dB gain and 5~4dBm IIP3. The down mixer has 15.5~16.0dB NF, 15~13dB power conversion gain and 2~0dBm IIP3. The up mixer has 0~-2dB power conversion gain and 6~3dBm OIP3. With a single 3.0V power supply, the LNA, down-mixer, and up-mixer consume 6mA, 30mA, and 25mA, respectively.
Transcription factors mediate long-range enhancer–promoter interactions (2009)

We examined how remote enhancers establish physical communication with target promoters to activate gene transcription in response to environmental signals. Although the natural IFN-beta enhancer is located immediately upstream of the core promoter, it also can function as a classical enhancer element conferring virus infection-dependent activation of heterologous promoters, even when it is placed several kilobases away from these promoters. We demonstrated that the remote IFN-beta enhancer "loops out" the intervening DNA to reach the target promoter. These chromatin loops depend on sequence-specific transcription factors bound to the enhancer and the promoter and thus can explain the specificity observed in enhancer-promoter interactions, especially in complex genetic loci. Transcription factor binding sites scattered between an enhancer and a promoter can work as decoys trapping the enhancer in nonproductive loops, thus resembling insulator elements. Finally, replacement of the transcription factor binding sites involved in DNA looping with those of a heterologous prokaryotic protein, the lambda repressor, which is capable of loop formation, rescues enhancer function from a distance by re-establishing enhancer-promoter loop formation.
Enhancement of Real-Time Hydraulic Fracturing Models with Full 3-D Simulation (1988)

Abstract In a major advance over previous capabilities for prefracturing design and real-time field application of hydraulic fracturing models, the ability to accurately handle complex pumping schedules and reservoir conditions has been achieved by developing the capabilities for full three-dimensional hydraulic fracture analysis and combining these with the speed of lumped model simulations. These lumped (spatially integrated) models have already been used for the design and realtime analysis of numerous fracture treatments. Now, a fully 3-D code, based on finite elements and surface integrals, developed as part of a comprehensive field monitoring and analysis project for the Gas Research Institute, is being used to analyze fracture geometries and pressure distributions for many variations of viscosity scheduling and stress barrier placement. Analysis of these 3-D results produces integration coefficients which can be implemented in the lumped models. These coefficients enable the lumped model to accurately account for viscosity and pressure variations in the fracture, and for differences in confining stress magnitude in the strata above and below the payzone. This work allows the lumped models to be made more quantitatively correct by incorporating the essence of full 3-D modelling capabilities without any loss of execution speed. The effectiveness of the methodology is demonstrated by performing simulations with a number of data sets from field operations as input.
High Pressure Experimental Studies on CuO: Indication of Re-entrant Multiferroicity at Room Temperature (2016)

We have carried out detailed experimental investigations on polycrystalline CuO using dielectric constant, dc resistance, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements at high pressures. Observation of anomalous changes both in dielectric constant and dielectric loss in the pressure range 3.7-4.4 GPa and reversal of piezoelectric current with reversal of poling field direction indicate to a change in ferroelectric order in CuO at high pressures. A sudden jump in Raman integrated intensity of Ag mode at 3.4 GPa and observation of Curie-Weiss type behaviour in dielectric constant below 3.7 GPa lends credibility to above ferroelectric transition. A slope change in the linear behaviour of the Ag mode and a minimum in the FWHM of the same indicate indirectly to a change in magnetic ordering. Since all the previous studies show a strong spin-lattice interaction in CuO, observed change in ferroic behaviour at high pressures can be related to a reentrant multiferroic ordering in the range 3.4 to 4.4 GPa, much earlier than predicted by theoretical studies. We argue that enhancement of spin frustration due to anisotropic compression that leads to change in internal lattice strain brings the multiferroic ordering to room temperature at high pressures.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a female with a translocation involving Xp21. (1986)

A female with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, diagnosed at the age of 3 years 8 months, is reported. Chromosome studies revealed an X;autosome reciprocal translocation t(X;5) (p21.2;q31.2). With the BrdU-Hoechst 33258-Giemsa technique, there was nonrandom preferential inactivation of the normal X. Our patient is the ninth reported case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy associated with an X;autosome translocation. In all cases the breakpoint in the X chromosome is in band p21 at or near the site of the DMD gene.
An Apparatus for the Measurement of Leaf Dielectric Properties in the High Frequency Region (1976)

An instrument is described which permits measurements of a combination of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of leaves to be made over a relatively small area of a leaf. The instrument readings have been shown to correlate with the water content of filter paper, and reasonably well with the water content of leaf tissue. Results obtained from leaves when their transpiration rate was increased are given.
The impact of Docker containers on the performance of genomic pipelines (2015)

Genomic pipelines consist of several pieces of third party software and, because of their experimental nature, frequent changes and updates are commonly necessary thus raising serious deployment and reproducibility issues. Docker containers are emerging as a possible solution for many of these problems, as they allow the packaging of pipelines in an isolated and self-contained manner. This makes it easy to distribute and execute pipelines in a portable manner across a wide range of computing platforms. Thus, the question that arises is to what extent the use of Docker containers might affect the performance of these pipelines. Here we address this question and conclude that Docker containers have only a minor impact on the performance of common genomic pipelines, which is negligible when the executed jobs are long in terms of computational time.
Miss a Payment? Good Luck Moving That Car. (2014)

This article describes how some car loan lenders are using a remotely activated device in a vehicle’s dashboard to control the vehicle’s ability to start, as a method of coercing delinquent payments out of the vehicle’s owners. The authors describe how auto loans to borrowers considered subprime have been increasing recently as has the use of starter interrupt devices to remotely disable the ignition of cars outfitted with these devices. In addition, most of the starter interrupt devices also have GPS technology, so the lenders can track the location and movement of the vehicles. These devices have been installed in approximately two million vehicles, marking a trend that is being applied in nearly 25% of subprime auto loans nationwide. The authors report on the inconvenience and problems that car owners have faced when the ignition interrupt devices are used; the privacy implications of the loan company knowing the movements and location of private individuals; how easy it is for the “repo man,” who can now disable vehicles remotely and locate the collateral (the vehicle); the differences between lenders who have standard guidelines in place, typically to work with the borrower, versus those lenders who give no advance notice of a shut-off; the societal implications of socioeconomically disadvantaged persons having to cope with audible alarms in their vehicles when only a day or two late with their payment; the economic benefits that have accrued to the devices’ manufacturers; the availability of emergency codes to restart a vehicle for 24 hours; state laws governing repossession; and potential safety hazards. The article is one in a series of articles about the boom in subprime auto loans.
Neural Ganglioside GD2 Identifies a Subpopulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Umbilical Cord (2009)

In contrast to hematopoietic stem cells, there is still a lack of definitive cell markers for specific isolation and identification of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Thus a homogenous population of MSCs is only obtained after several passages, when multilineage potential or other distinctive features of very early progenitors may be already somewhat compromised. Recently a novel surface marker the neural ganglioside GD2 has been reported to distinguish MSCs from all other cells within marrow. Here, we found that MSCs derived from umbilical cord (UC-MSCs) also expressed this marker at early-passages. More importantly, UC-MSCs were the only cells within umbilical cord expressing this marker. Compared to unsorted cells, GD2(+)-sorted cells not only possessed much higher clonogenicity and proliferation capacity but also had significantly stronger multi-differentiation potentials. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that GD2(+)-sorted cells showed increased expression of SSEA-4, Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog, the typical markers expressed in embryonic stem cells, in comparison to unsorted or GD2-negative MSCs. Take together, our data demonstrate that the cells selected by GD2 are a subpopulation of MSCs with feature of primitive precursor cells and provide evidence that GD2 can be a cell surface marker suitable for the isolation and purification of UC-MSCs in early-passage culture.
Competitive adsorption of negatively charged ligands on oxide surfaces (1971)

The competitive adsorption of phosphate + arsenate and phosphate + selenite on goethite and gibbsite has been measured. The oxide surface contains sites common to both anions on which competitive adsorption takes place and sites on which only one or the other anion is able to adsorb. The maximum amount of anions adsorbed from a mixture is approximately equal to the sum of the maximum adsorption for each anion in the absence of competition. The number of sites at which competition takes place is almost equal to the number of sites available to the anion with the lower adsorption in the absence of a competitor. Competition is described by a Langmuir-type exchange equation.
The changing basis of performance measurement (1996)

The objective of performance measurement has changed over the past few decades. Traditional performance measures based on productivity are no longer appropriate or representative of the information needs of today’s competitive global market. Alternative performance systems have been proposed that range from time as the basis of all measures to the integration of a variety of performance measures. Reviews and analyses the limitations of traditional approaches to performance measurement as well as the emerging trends in performance measurement system development. Reveals that the basis of performance measurement is changing and that there are certain characteristics that are necessary in order to produce information that is relevant for improving world‐class manufacturing performance.