gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blood Glucose Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks Trained with the AIDA Diabetes Simulator: A Proof-of-Concept Pilot Study (2011)

Diabetes mellitus is a major, and increasing, global problem. However, it has been shown that, through good management of blood glucose levels (BGLs), the associated and costly complications can be reduced significantly. In this pilot study, Elman recurrent artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to make BGL predictions based on a history of BGLs, meal intake, and insulin injections. Twenty-eight datasets (from a single case scenario) were compiled from the freeware mathematical diabetes simulator, AIDA. It was found that the most accurate predictions were made during the nocturnal period of the 24 hour daily cycle. The accuracy of the nocturnal predictions was measured as the root mean square error over five test days (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>RMSE</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext>day</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>) not used during ANN training. For BGL predictions of up to 1 hour a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>RMSE</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext>day</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>of (±SD)<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>0.15</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.04</mml:mn></mml:math> mmol/L was observed. For BGL predictions up to 10 hours, a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>RMSE</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext>day</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>of (±SD)<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>0.14</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.16</mml:mn></mml:math> mmol/L was observed. Future research will investigate a wider range of AIDA case scenarios, real-patient data, and data relating to other factors influencing BGLs. ANN paradigms based on real-time recurrent learning will also be explored to accommodate dynamic physiology in diabetes.
Prostaglandin E2 Enhances Intestinal Adenoma Growth via Activation of the Ras-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade (2005)

A large body of clinical, genetic, and biochemical evidence indicates that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme for prostanoid biosynthesis, contributes to the promotion of colorectal cancer. COX-2-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the most abundant prostaglandin found in several gastrointestinal malignancies. Although PGE2 enhances intestinal adenoma growth in Apcmin mice, the mechanism(s) by which it accelerates tumor growth is not completely understood. Here we investigated how PGE2 promotes intestinal tumor growth and the signaling pathways responsible for its effects. We observed that PGE2 treatment leads to increased epithelial cell proliferation and induces COX-2 expression in intestinal adenomas. Furthermore, we show that PGE2 regulation of COX-2 expression is mediated by activation of a Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. One intriguing finding is that COX-2-derived PGE2 mimics the effects of constitutively active Ras through a self-amplifying loop that allows for a distinct growth advantage.
Single and double folded-slot antennas on semi-infinite substrates (1995)

Design guidelines are presented for single and double folded-slot (DFS) antennas on a dielectric half-space. The DFS antenna consists of two folded-slot elements which are separated by a half-wavelength and are fed from one side using a coplanar waveguide transmission line. A space-domain integral equation technique, based on the free-space Green's function, has been used to compute the resonant circumference and self- and mutual impedances of single folded-slots on various substrates. In addition, the input impedance and radiation patterns of DFS designs are included. Specific examples are shown for air, quartz, and silicon substrates, and measured data for DFS antennas on air and silicon substrates is provided to validate the calculated results.
<i>P</i>-<i>V</i>-<i>T</i> Relations for Methane (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTP-V-T Relations for MethaneD. R. Douslin, R. H. Harrison, R. T. Moore, and J. P. MuCulloughCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1964, 9, 3, 358–363Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60022a013https://doi.org/10.1021/je60022a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views453Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Imbalance of Individual Plasma Amino acids Relative to Valine and Taurine as Potential Markers of Childhood Malnutrition (1999)

In the present study a typical plasma amino acid profile for a defined population of healthy Venezuelan children was established and, further, the possibility was examined that deviations from such normalized amino acid patterns can be of use to warn of an impending nutritional deficiency, caused, in part, by adverse socio-economic conditions. This study comprised 152 children of both sexes ranging in age from 1 to 6 years. Classification into different socio-economic strata, ranging from impoverished to privileged, was evaluated by Graffar's method, as previously adapted by Mendez Castellano for Venezuela. The results of clinical and anthropometric examinations were used to group these children into 5 classes of nutritional sufficiency, ranging from adequate nutrition to severe undemutrition. The present data indicate that deviations in the plasma amino acid concentration profile, standardized for a defined population, can be used in combination with clinical evaluations to determine the type as well as the severity of inadequate nutrition. Abnormal ratios of several individual amino acids relative to Val and Tau may serve as early signs of (impending) undemutrition or malnutrition in children; the amino acid changes are detectable even in groups of children without any clinical signs but where sociological circumstances suggest a possibility of inadequate nutrition. Other uses for such plasma amino acid profiles may be to distinguish whether the detected amino acid abnormalities are of dietary or genetic origin, provided that the selected groups or individuals studied derive from a population with more or less the same genetic homogeneity and similar dietary customs.
Design and performance of a high-resolution frictional force microscope with quantitative three-dimensional force sensitivity (2005)

In this article, the construction and initial tests of a frictional force microscope are described. The instrument makes use of a microfabricated cantilever that allows one to independently measure the lateral forces in X and Y directions as well as the normal force. We use four fiber-optic interferometers to detect the motion of the sensor in three dimensions. The properties of our cantilevers allow easy and accurate normal and lateral force calibration, making it possible to measure the lateral force on a fully quantitative basis. First experiments on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite demonstrate that the microscope is capable of measuring lateral forces with a resolution down to 15pN.
Automated hydraulic tensor for Total Knee Arthroplasty (2005)

To obtain a long lifespan of knee prosthesis, it is necessary to restore the alignment of the lower limb. In some cases of severe arthrosis, the ligament envelope of the joint may be deformed, inducing an asymmetric laxity once the lower limb is realigned. Because there is not yet unanimity regarding how to optimally measure or implement soft tissue balance, we provide a means to acquire a variety of measurements. In traditional surgery, the surgeon sometimes uses a "tensor", which acts like a forceps. This system was redesigned, instrumented, actuated, and integrated into a navigation system for orthopaedic surgery. Improving the perception of the surgeon, it helps him to address the ligament balancing problem. Our first prototype has been tested on sawbones before being validated in an experiment on two cadavers. In our first attempt, the surgeon was able to assess soft tissue balance but judged the device not powerful enough, which led us to develop a new more powerful hydraulic system. In this paper, we present our approach and the first results of the new hydraulic tensor which is currently in an integration process.
Nonequilibrium charge-Kondo transport through negative-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>U</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>molecules (2007)

Low-temperature transport through molecules with effectively negative charging energy $U$ exhibits a charge-Kondo effect. We explore this regime analytically by establishing an exact mapping between the negative-$U$ and the positive-$U$ Anderson models, which is suitable for the description of nonequilibrium transport. We employ this mapping to demonstrate the intimate relation between nonequilibrium transport in the spin-Kondo and charge-Kondo regimes, and derive analytical expressions for the nonlinear current-voltage characteristics as well as the shot noise in the latter regime. Applying the mapping in the opposite direction, we elucidate the finding of super-Poissonian noise in the positive-$U$ Anderson model at high temperatures, by relating the correlations between spin flips to pair-tunneling processes at negative $U$.
Delivery of monocyte lineage cells in a biomimetic scaffold enhances tissue repair (2017)

The monocyte lineage is essential to normal wound healing. Macrophage inhibition or knockout in mice results in impaired wound healing through reduced neovascularization, granulation tissue formation, and reepithelialization. Numerous studies have either depleted macrophages or reduced their activity in the context of wound healing. Here, we demonstrate that by increasing the number of macrophages or monocytes in the wound site above physiologic levels via pullulan-collagen composite dermal hydrogel scaffold delivery, the rate of wound healing can be significantly accelerated in both wild-type and diabetic mice, with no adverse effect on the quality of repair. Macrophages transplanted onto wounds differentiate into M1 and M2 phenotypes of different proportions at various time points, ultimately increasing angiogenesis. Given that monocytes can be readily isolated from peripheral blood without in vitro manipulation, these findings hold promise for translational medicine aimed at accelerating wound healing across a broad spectrum of diseases.
Stabilization of Isolated Photosystem II Reaction Center Complex in the Dark and in the Light Using Polyethylene Glycol and an Oxygen-Scrubbing System (1989)

The photosystem II reaction center as isolated (O Nanba, K Satoh [1987] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 109-112) is quite dilute and very unstable. Precipitating the complex with polyethylene glycol and resuspending it in buffer without detergent concentrates the reaction center and greatly improves its stability at 4 degrees C in the dark as judged by light-induced electron transport activity. Furthermore, a procedure was developed to minimize photodestruction of polyethylene-glycol-concentrated material at room temperature in the light. The ability to stabilize the photosystem II reaction center should facilitate future photophysical, biochemical, and structural studies of the complex.
Trauma at the core of homeless youth (2016)

As a young person who has experienced abuse and neglect, mental illness, and homelessness, I wholeheartedly believe that we need to change the way we view and support children and young people at risk of and experiencing homelessness. We need a more holistic and integrated support system, which places trauma at the centre of every young person's experience, and recognises how complex trauma impacts on the development of young people.
Vision-Based Surgical Field Defogging (2017)

Fogged surgical field visualization that is a common and potentially harmful problem can lead to inappropriate device use and incorrectly targeted tissue and increase surgical risks in endoscopic surgery. This paper aims to remove fog or smoke on endoscopic video sequences to augment and maintain a direct and clear visualization of the operating field. A new visibility-driven fusion defogging framework is proposed for surgical endoscopic video processing. This framework first recovers the visibility and enhances the contrast of hazy images. To address the color infidelity problem introduced by the visibility recovery, the luminances of the recovered and enhanced images are fused in the gradient domain, and the fused luminance is reconstructed by solving the Poisson equation in the frequency domain. The proposed method is evaluated on clinical videos that were collected from prostate cancer surgery. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework defogs endoscopic images more robustly than currently available methods. Additionally, our method also provides an effective way to improve the visual quality of medical or high-dynamic range images.
Comparison of molecular testing methods for the detection of <i>EGFR</i> mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of non-small cell lung cancer (2013)

The invalid rates for the cobas test and Therascreen were lower than Sanger sequencing. The cobas and Therascreen assays showed a high degree of concordance, and both were more sensitive for the detection of exon 19 deletion and L858R mutations than Sanger. The cobas test was highly reproducible between the two testing sites, used the least amount of DNA input and was the only test with automated results reporting.
AN EXPERIMENT IN SOFTWARE DECOY DESIGN Intrusion Detection and Countermeasures via System Call Instrumentation (2003)

Abstract: This paper presents an implementation of integrated intrusion detection and system response based on system call instrumentation. We introduce the notion of an intelligent software decoy as a means for detection and response to patterns of suspicious behavior. A prototype of such a system has been developed using NAI Labs ’ Generic Software Wrapper Toolkit. We present a case study of an ftp-based intrusion.
Conformational Stabilization of an Engineered Binding Protein (2006)

We analyzed the thermodynamic basis for improvement of a binding protein by disulfide engineering. The Z(SPA)(-)(1) affibody binds to its Z domain binding partner with a dissociation constant K(d) = 1.6 microM, and previous analyses suggested that the moderate affinity is due to the conformational heterogeneity of free Z(SPA)(-)(1) rather than to a suboptimal binding interface. Studies of five stabilized Z(SPA)(-)(1) double cystein mutants show that it is possible to improve the affinity by an order of magnitude to K(d) = 130 nM, which is close to the range (20 to 70 nM) observed with natural Z domain binders, without altering the protein-protein interface obtained by phage display. Analysis of the binding thermodynamics reveals a balance between conformational entropy and desolvation entropy: the expected and favorable reduction of conformational entropy in the best-binding Z(SPA)(-)(1) mutant is completely compensated by an unfavorable loss of desolvation entropy. This is consistent with a restriction of possible conformations in the disulfide-containing mutant and a reduction of average water-exposed nonpolar surface area in the free state, resulting in a smaller conformational entropy penalty, but also a smaller change in surface area, for binding of mutant compared to wild-type Z(SPA)(-)(1). Instead, higher Z domain binding affinity in a group of eight Z(SPA)(-)(1) variants correlates with more favorable binding enthalpy and enthalpy-entropy compensation. These results suggest that protein-protein binding affinity can be improved by stabilizing conformations in which enthalpic effects can be fully explored.
The effects of mesenchymal stem cells injected via different routes on modified IL-12-mediated antitumor activity (2011)

Owing to its tumor tropism and prolonged transgene expression, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has been considered as an ideal delivery vehicle for cancer gene therapies or therapeutic vaccines. In this study, we demonstrated that intratumoral (i.t.) injection of MSCs expressing modified interleukin-12 (MSCs/IL-12M) exhibited stronger tumor-specific T-cell responses and antitumor effects as well as more sustained expressions of IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ in both sera and tumor sites than did IL-12M-expressing adenovirus (rAd/IL-12M) in mice bearing both solid and metastatic tumors. Subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of MSCs/IL-12M at contralateral site of tumor exhibited similar levels of serum IL-12 and IFN-γ as i.t. injection, but much weaker antitumor effects in both B16F10 melanoma and TC-1 cervical cancer models than i.t. injection. Although intravenous (i.v.) injection elicited earlier peak serum levels of cytokines, it induced weaker tumor-specific T-cell responses and antitumor effects than i.t. injection, indicating that serum cytokine levels are not surrogate indicators of antitumor effects. Taken together, these results indicated that MSC is more efficient than adenovirus as a cytokine gene delivery vehicle and that i.t. injection of MSCs/IL-12M is the best approach to induce strong tumor-specific T-cell responses that correlate with anti-metastatic effects as well as inhibition of solid tumor growth, although MSCs themselves have an ability to migrate into the tumor site. In addition, MSCs/IL-12M embedded in Matrigel (MSCs/IL-12M/Matrigel) exhibited significant antitumor effects even in immunodeficient mice such as SCID and BNX mice lacking T, B and natural killer (NK) cells, but not in IFN-γ knockout mice. Our findings provide an optimal approach for designing an efficient clinical protocol of MSC-based cytokine gene therapy to induce strong tumor-specific T-cell responses and therapeutic anticancer efficacy.
Mechanical stability of bivalent transition metal complexes analyzed by single-molecule force spectroscopy (2015)

Multivalent biomolecular interactions allow for a balanced interplay of mechanical stability and malleability, and nature makes widely use of it. For instance, systems of similar thermal stability may have very different rupture forces. Thus it is of paramount interest to study and understand the mechanical properties of multivalent systems through well-characterized model systems. We analyzed the rupture behavior of three different bivalent pyridine coordination complexes with Cu(2+) in aqueous environment by single-molecule force spectroscopy. Those complexes share the same supramolecular interaction leading to similar thermal off-rates in the range of 0.09 and 0.36 s(-1), compared to 1.7 s(-1) for the monovalent complex. On the other hand, the backbones exhibit different flexibility, and we determined a broad range of rupture lengths between 0.3 and 1.1 nm, with higher most-probable rupture forces for the stiffer backbones. Interestingly, the medium-flexible connection has the highest rupture forces, whereas the ligands with highest and lowest rigidity seem to be prone to consecutive bond rupture. The presented approach allows separating bond and backbone effects in multivalent model systems.
Modular neural networks evolved by genetic programming (2002)

We present an evolvable model of modular neural networks which are rich in autonomy and creativity. In order to build an artificial neural network which is rich in autonomy and creativity, we have adopted the ideas and methodologies of artificial life. The paper describes the concepts and methodologies for the evolvable model of modular neural networks, which will be able not only to develop new functionality spontaneously but also to grow and evolve its own structure autonomously. Although the ultimate goal of this model is to design the control system for such behavior based robots as Khepera, we have attempted to apply the mechanism to a visual categorization task with handwritten digits. The evolutionary mechanism has shown a strong possibility to generate useful network architectures from an initial set of randomly connected networks.
Introduction (1989)

The stories in this collection, all of them written between the mid-1960s and mid-1980s, trace social and moral developments in Soviet society through the image of women. By 1965, when the first story in this collection appeared, Soviet literature had begun to recover from the mandatory optimism, the stereotypical characters, the schematic plots and the moral didacticism which Socialist Realism under Stalin had imposed on the writer. This doctrine demanded that art must be true to life, yet imply the social and ethical ideal of communism. As a result, literary works offered prettified versions of reality, in which the good — i.e. socially progressive and ‘humane’ — was victorious. Literary methods other than traditional realism were shunned.1
Allosteric inhibition of VIM metallo-β-lactamases by a camelid nanobody (2013)

MβL (metallo-β-lactamase) enzymes are usually produced by multi-resistant Gram-negative bacterial strains and have spread worldwide. An approach on the basis of phage display was used to select single-domain antibody fragments (VHHs, also called nanobodies) that would inhibit the clinically relevant VIM (Verona integron-encoded MβL)-4 MβL. Out of more than 50 selected nanobodies, only the NbVIM_38 nanobody inhibited VIM-4. The paratope, inhibition mechanism and epitope of the NbVIM_38 nanobody were then characterized. An alanine scan of the NbVIM_38 paratope showed that its binding was driven by hydrophobic amino acids. The inhibitory concentration was in the micromolar range for all β-lactams tested. In addition, the inhibition was found to follow a mixed hyperbolic profile with a predominantly uncompetitive component. Moreover, substrate inhibition was recorded only after nanobody binding. These kinetic data are indicative of a binding site that is distant from the active site. This finding was confirmed by epitope mapping analysis that was performed using peptides, and which identified two stretches of amino acids in the L6 loop and at the end of the α2 helix. Because this binding site is distant from the active site and alters both the substrate binding and catalytic properties of VIM-4, this nanobody can be considered as an allosteric inhibitor.
Optimize pulse jet dust collector performance (1997)

If you have a pulse jet collector or are planning on installing one, you of course want to get the best performance possible. By the application of sound engineering in the operation, maintenance, and modification of existing pulse collectors, superior performance can be achieved. This article provides guidance on installing such a unit and operating it to get the most from it -- higher efficiency, lower power consumption, and a much longer filter element life.