gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structures of Intramolecularly Base-Coordinated Group 15 Aryl Halides (1997)

Four group 15 monochlorides of the type EAr(2)Cl [Ar = 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl, 2-(Me(2)NCH(2))C(6)H(4) (C(9)H(12)N), E = Sb (4), E = Bi (5); Ar = 8-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthyl, 8-(Me(2)N)C(10)H(6) (C(12)H(12)N), E = Sb (6), E = Bi (7)] have been prepared via the salt elimination reactions of 2 equiv of either 2-(Me(2)NCH(2))C(6)H(4)Li or 8-(Me(2)N)C(10)H(6)Li with ECl(3). Four related group 15 dihalides of the type EArX(2) [Ar = 8-(Me(2)N)C(10)H(6), X = Cl, E = As, (8), E = Sb (9); Ar = 2-(Me(2)NCH(2))C(6)H(4), X = Cl, E = Bi (10); X = I, E = Bi (11)] have been prepared via the salt elimination reactions of equimolar amounts of 8-(Me(2)N)C(10)H(6)Li or 2-(Me(2)NCH(2))C(6)H(4)Li with EX(3). The X-ray crystal structures of 4-6, 8, 9, and 11 are described, and the observed trends in the degree of intramolecular coordination of the nitrogen atoms are consistent with the view that the Lewis acidity of these complexes is associated with the E-X sigma orbitals. Crystal data for 4: triclinic, space group P&onemacr;, a = 9.1483(1) Å, b = 9.4868(1) Å, c = 12.9776(2) Å, alpha = 70.614(8) degrees, beta = 85.738(9) degrees, gamma = 83.094(9) degrees, V = 1054.0(2) Å(3), Z = 2, R = 0.0420. Crystal data for 5: monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, a = 11.9498(1) Å, b = 11.4695(1) Å, c = 13.9456(8) Å, beta = 104.536(6) degrees, V = 1850.2(3) Å(3), Z = 4, R = 0.0375. Crystal data for 6: monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 9.4991(8) Å, b = 23.455(4) Å, c = 9.726(1) Å, beta = 100.629(8) degrees, V = 2129.8(4) Å(3), Z = 4, R = 0.0406. Crystal data for 8: orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 9.713(3) Å, b = 9.835(4) Å, c = 13.310(3) Å, V = 1273.8(5) Å(3), Z = 4, R = 0.0695. Crystal data for 9: orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 9.7140(3) Å, b = 10.0196(1) Å, c = 13.444(3) Å, V = 1308.5(3) Å(3), Z = 4, R = 0.0320. Crystal data for 11: monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, a = 7.9455(7) Å, b = 19.3949(3) Å, c = 8.6226(9) Å, beta = 93.338(9) degrees, V = 1326.5(2) Å(3), Z = 4, R = 0.0379.
Gender differences in 3D morphology and bony impingement of human hips (2010)

Abstract For the proper diagnosis or treatment of hip joint disorders caused by anatomical abnormalities, the normal hip joint morphology must be studied to understand its influence on the maximum range of motion (ROM) until bony impingement by focusing on gender differences. Acetabular and femoral morphologies were analyzed from 3D CT images of 106 normal hip joints from elderly men ( n = 36 joints) and women ( n = 70 joints), and measurements of ROM until bony impingement were made in four directions (flexion, extension, and external and internal rotation at 90° flexion) using surface models of the pelvis and femur reconstructed from the CT data. Gender differences were found not only in joint orientation, including anteversion and inclination of the acetabulum and femoral neck anteversion, but also in the shape around the joint, including the acetabular rim and the femoral neck. This ROM study also showed gender differences in all four standard directions. In conclusion, significant gender differences were observed in the acetabular and femoral morphology, which led to significant gender differences in ROM until bony impingement. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:333–339, 2011
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of Reactivity by MO Theory. Part 87. Theoretical Studies of the Effects of α‐Substituents on the Resonance Demand of 4‐ Methoxybenzyl Carbocations. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structural and Electronic Effects of Pentafluorophenyl Substituents on Cyclopentadienyl Complexes of Fe, Co, Mn, and Re<sup>1</sup> (2000)

The reaction of CpNa (Cp = C5H5) with C6F6 (diglyme, 110 °C, 14 h) afforded a mixture of products, from which two new triarylated cyclopentadienes, 1,2,4-Ar3C5H3 (3) and 1,2,3-Ar3C5H3 (4), were separated by silica gel chromatography (Ar = C6F5). The dienes 3 and 4 were readily converted (NaH, THF) to the corresponding triarylated sodium cyclopentadienides, (1,2,4-Ar3C5H2)Na (7) and (1,2,3-Ar3C5H2)Na (8). Reactions of the ligands 7 and 8 with FeBr2 afforded the ferrocenes (1,2,4-Ar3C5H2)2Fe (11) and (1,2,3-Ar3C5H2)2Fe (12), respectively. The cobaltocenes (ArC5H4)2Co (13), (1,3-Ar2C5H3)2Co (14), (1,2,4-Ar3C5H2)2Co (15), and (1,2,3-Ar3C5H2)2Co (16) were prepared from CoBr2 and (ArC5H4)Na (5), (1,3-Ar2C5H3)Na (6), 7, and 8, respectively. Oxidation of 13 (air, dilute aqueous HCl) followed by precipitation with KPF6 afforded [(ArC5H4)2Co]+PF6- (17). The homologous cobaltocenium ions [1,3-Ar2C5H3]2Co+ (18), (1,2,4- Ar3C5H2)2Co+ (19), and (1,2,3-Ar3C5H2)2Co+ (20) were observed (NMR) only after dissolving the corresponding CoII species 14−16 in D2SO4; efforts to isolate 18−20 as hexafluorophosphates failed. Reactions of the ligands 5−8 with M(CO)5Br (M = Mn, Re) afforded the piano stool complexes (ArCp)Mn(CO)3 (21), (1,3-Ar2Cp)Mn(CO)3 (22), (1,2,4-Ar3C5H2)M(CO)3 (23, M = Mn; 27, M = Re), and (1,2,3-Ar3C5H2)M(CO)3 (24, M = Mn; 28, M = Re). Both the voltammetric oxidation potentials (E1/2) of the substituted metallocenes 9−16 and the carbonyl stretching wavenumbers of the substituted piano stool complexes 21−24 and 25−28 increased linearly with increasing number of C6F5 substituents. Crystal structures were obtained for 2 (two polymorphs), 4, 11, 16, 23, 26, and 27. Noteworthy features of these structures include C6F5−C6F5 arene stacking, C6F5 stacking with benzene solvate molecules, C6F5···O⋮C−M interactions, and extensive C−H···F−C interactions. Barriers toward Cp−C6F5 rotation and Cp−Fe−Cp rotation were quantified for several of the complexes using dynamic 19F and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Selective production of retinol by engineered <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> through the expression of retinol dehydrogenase (2021)

Retinol is a fat-soluble vitamin A that is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, retinol is commercially produced by chemical synthesis. Microbial production of retinol has been alternatively explored but restricted to a mixture of retinoids including retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid. Thus, we introduced heterologous retinol dehydrogenase into retinoids mixture-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the selective production of retinol using xylose. Expression of human RDH10 and Escherichia coli ybbO led to increase in retinol production, but retinal remained as a major product. In contrast, S. cerevisiae harboring human RDH12 produced retinol selectively with negligible production of retinal. The resulting strain (SR8A-RDH12) produced retinol only. However, more glycerol was accumulated due to intracellular redox imbalance. Therefore, Lactococcus lactis noxE coding for H<sub>2</sub> O-forming NADH oxidase was additionally introduced to resolve the redox imbalance. The resulting strain produced 52% less glycerol and more retinol with a 30% higher yield than a parental strain. As the produced retinol was not stable, we examined culture and storage conditions including temperature, light, and antioxidants for the optimal production of retinol. In conclusion, we achieved selective production of retinol efficiently from xylose by introducing human RDH12 and NADH oxidase into S. cerevisiae.
Stability of Iodine in Iodized Salt Used for Correction of Iodine-Deficiency Disorders. II (1998)

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of humidity and packaging materials on the stability of iodine in typical salt samples from countries with tropical and subtropical climates, under controlled climatic conditions. Initially we examined eight samples. In the second phase we expanded the study to salts from 18 sources and attempted to correlate the observed stability with salt impurities naturally present in these samples. High humidity resulted in rapid loss of iodine from salt iodized with potassium iodate, ranging from 30% to 98% of the original iodine content. Solid low-density polyethylene packaging protected the iodine to a great extent. High losses were observed from woven high-density polyethylene bags, which are often the packaging material of choice in tropical countries. Impurities that provided moisture at the salt surface had the most deleterious effect. Although clear correlations were not obtained, the presence of reducing agents, hygroscopic compounds of magnesium, and so forth seemed to have the most adverse effects on the stability of iodine. Surprisingly, carbonates had little effect on stability over the range present in the samples. Packaging salt in low-density polyethylene bags, which provided a good moisture barrier, significantly reduced iodine losses, and in most cases the iodine content remained relatively stable for six months to a year. The findings from this study indicate that iodine can be highly unstable, and in order to ensure the effectiveness of local salt-iodization programmes, countries should determine iodine losses from local iodized salt under local conditions of production, climate, packaging, and storage.
Radiation from a downhole air gun source (1984)

Abstract Vertical seismic profiling (VSP) experiment at Salt Valley, Utah. Emphasis on primary radiations from the air gun source and secondary radiations from the bottom of the source hole. The observed primary radiation pattern agrees very well with theory developed for a volume displacement source acting on the axis of a fluid-filled hole. The observed secondary radiations, whose amplitudes were much stronger than the primary radiations, can be explained by calculating the wave field resulting from the application of an equivalent point force in an infinite medium, which was caused by the reflection of a tube wave at the bottom of the source hole.--Modified journal abstract.
Colour based object tracking (2002)

A method of detecting and tracking objects using colour is presented. We track objects using a simple colour histogram based technique, which is fast and more robust to occlusion and camera motion than simple "blob" based techniques.
Distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in roadside soil of Guiyang City, China. (2009)

The concentration and spatial distribution of heavy metals in roadside soil of Guiyang and its affecting factors were studied.Taking the baseline values as references,the method of indexing geo-accumulation was applied to assess heavy metal pollution in the roadside soil of Guiyang City.The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals(Hg,Cd,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Ni and Zn) varied significantly,and their concentrations were much higher than the environmental background value of Chinese surface soil and the baseline values of heavy metals in surface soils of Guiyang,with the exception of Pb and Cr.So,we could conclude that the soil has not been polluted by Pb and Cr,and the pollution of the roadside soil mainly resulted from Hg,Cd and Zn,which have caused medium or serious pollution.Moreover,the soil has been polluted by other heavy metals(As,Cu,Ni) to some extent,but not seriously.According to the investigation,the concentration and dispersion patterns of heavy metals are mainly affected by coal burning,transportation,terrain and road conditions,meteorological factors,construction of urban districts,and so on.
Detection and Quantification of MUC7 in Submandibular, Sublingual, Palatine, and Labial Saliva by Anti-peptide Antiserum (1999)

The large carbohydrate moiety of low-Mr salivary mucin MUC7 (originally referred to as MG2) is subject to variations. Biochemical analysis and quantification of MUC7 in saliva samples require recognition tools that are independent of the carbohydrate moiety. Therefore, we have evoked three antisera to synthetic peptides of MUC7. One of these (CpMG2), raised against the C-terminal peptide, recognized native MUC7 in saliva and was characterized further. Recognition of MUC7 by CpMG2 turned out to be specific, resistant to dissociating and reductive treatments, and independent of glycosylation differences, as indicated by Western analysis and ELISA. The antiserum could be used to monitor MUC7 during purification procedures. MUC7 was demonstrated in small volumes of saliva from all (sero)mucous glands, including the palate and lip. Analysis with antibodies and lectins indicated large variations in amount as well as in glycosylation of MUC7. An ELISA was developed to determine the relative quantity of MUC7 in the glandular salivas: mean values of approximately 220, 980, and 100 microg mucin per mL were found in submandibular, sublingual, and palatine saliva, respectively.
Una puerta abierta contra el VIH (2013)

Although violence is a risk factor for depression, some individuals, especially those with a history of CM, appear to be more vulnerable to severe, persistent and treatment-resistant depression than others.
Method of solution of calcareous materials using the complexing agent, EDTA (1961)

ABSTRACT A method for removing calcareous material from sediments without destroying other minerals and polospores is described. This method is based upon the use of salts of ethylenedinitrilotetracetic acid (EDTA) to complex calcareous material and, thus, render it soluble. Data are given showing how EDTA concentration, pH, temperature, and particle size of calcium carbonate affect the solution rate. This method is applicable to mineralogical analyses; recovery of pollen grains, insoluble residues, and ironbearing fossil casts; and to differentiate between calcite and dolomite.
Identification of DAF1/CD55, a Novel Definitive Endoderm Marker (2010)

Although there are several markers available for the identification of endoderm derivatives such as the lung, pancreas, liver, and intestine, there are still very few surface markers available for the prospective isolation of the definitive endoderm. Among these, CXCR4 has been used in combination with E-cadherin as a cell surface marker to identify the definitive endoderm. However, CXCR4 expression decreases in late gut epithelium. Here we report a gene, Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF1/CD55), as a candidate surface marker for the identification of the early and late definitive endoderm. Daf1 is expressed in the definitive endoderm and mesoderm in early embryo at E8.5. Flow cytometry analysis of ES cells-derived differentiated cells revealed that DAF1-expressing cells also expressed CXCR4. Moreover, DAF1 expression is maintained until differentiation day 12 in ES cell-derived definitive endoderm cells. Analysis of the Pdx1/GFP-positive cells in E9.5 embryos and ES cell-derived cells with anti-DAF1 revealed that most Pdx1-GFP cells expressed DAF1. These results suggest that DAF1, when used in combination with E-cadherin, is useful for prospective identification of the definitive endoderm cells.
Paliperidone palmitate, a potential long-acting treatment for patients with schizophrenia. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study (2009)

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the investigational long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent paliperidone palmitate (PP) in the treatment of schizophrenia. Patients were randomized to receive gluteal injections of placebo or PP (50 or 100 mg eq., fixed doses), without oral supplementation, on days 1, 8, and 36 (9-wk, double-blind phase) in this phase 2b study. Patients (n=197, intent-to-treat analysis set) were 62% men, mean (s.d.) age 39 (10) yr, with a baseline mean (s.d.) Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score of 87.0 (12.5). Mean (s.d.) PANSS total scores showed significant improvement at endpoint (primary measure) for both the PP 50 mg eq. [-5.2 (21.5)] and PP 100 mg eq. [-7.8 (19.4)] groups, vs. placebo [6.2 (18.3)] (p0.001, each dose vs. placebo). This improvement was detected by day 8 and maintained to endpoint (p0.011) for both doses. In the safety analysis set (n=247), fewer PP-treated patients (2%) discontinued for treatment-emergent adverse events vs. placebo-treated (10%). Rates of treatment-emergent extrapyramidal syndrome-related adverse events were comparable between active treatment and placebo, with the exception of parkinsonism-related disorders (50 mg eq. 5%, 100 mg eq. 8%, placebo 1%). Results of other safety measures suggest PP to be generally well-tolerated. Throughout the study, investigators rated injection-site pain as absent (56-71%), mild (24-39%), moderate (2-12%), or severe (0-2%). PP (50 and 100 mg eq. doses) administered as a gluteal intramuscular injection was efficacious and generally tolerated in these patients with acute symptomatic schizophrenia.
Preparation, characterization and in vitro release study of gallic acid loaded silica nanoparticles for controlled release. (2013)

Gallic acid (GA) is an interesting pharmaceutical component of plants. However, the short lifetime and the autoxidation of GA in aqueous solution significantly reduces its bioavailability and the residence time in the body system. In this study, GA was chemically bound to silica nanoparticles to control the release of GA based on the hydrolysis of the chemical bonds, and a silica nanoparticle drug delivery system was established. Gallic acid loaded silica nanoparticles (GA-SiO2) were synthesized by a modified Stober method. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis proved that GA did conjugate to silica nanoparticles. The particle size of the GA-SiO2 nanoparticles observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was about 30 nm and the drug loading efficiency determined by Thermo Gravimetric Analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA/DSC) was 89.39%. The in vitro release study demonstrated that GA could be gradually released from the GA-SiO2. In addition, the antioxidant capability increased continuously during the immersion time, so the GA could serve as an excellent antioxidant to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals in a long release period. Therefore, this study provided a novel drug delivery system for GA with controlled release capability and prolonged antioxidant activity.
Maladaptive Plasticity in Aphasia: Brain Activation Maps Underlying Verb Retrieval Errors (2016)

Anomia, or impaired word retrieval, is the most widespread symptom of aphasia, an acquired language impairment secondary to brain damage. In the last decades, functional neuroimaging techniques have enabled studying the neural basis underlying anomia and its recovery. The present study aimed to explore maladaptive plasticity in persistent verb anomia, in three male participants with chronic nonfluent aphasia. Brain activation maps associated with semantic verb paraphasia occurring within an oral picture-naming task were identified with an event-related fMRI paradigm. These maps were compared with those obtained in our previous study examining adaptive plasticity (i.e., successful verb naming) in the same participants. The results show that activation patterns related to semantic verb paraphasia and successful verb naming comprise a number of common areas, contributing to both maladaptive and adaptive neuroplasticity mechanisms. This finding suggests that the segregation of brain areas provides only a partial view of the neural basis of verb anomia and successful verb naming. Therefore, it indicates the importance of network approaches which may better capture the complexity of maladaptive and adaptive neuroplasticity mechanisms in anomia recovery.
Reciprocal activating interaction between dendritic cells and aminobiphosphonates-stimulated T cells: Role of CD86 and inflammatory cytokines (2006)

Cognate interactions are a common feature of the acquired immune response, where intimate cell contacts govern critical events such as Ag presentation and delivery of T cell help to CTLs and B cells, while the coordinated control of innate immunity is mostly mediated by cytokine loops. However, a number of studies recently highlighted the importance of DC interactions with NK cells, an important effector cell type of innate immunity, in the regulation of DC maturation. 1, 2, 3 Moreover, Gerosa et al. 3 reported the existence of a cross-talk between immature DCs (iDCs) and resting NK cells, leading to cell activation on microbial stimulus encounter. Finally, few studies have also reported some functional inter
Synthesis of Some New Diarylsulphides and Diarylsulphones Containing Quinazol-4-One Moiety (1981)

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, A.R.E. <em>Manuscript received 18 April 1980, revised 28 September 1980, accepted 6 November 1980</em> 4-Amino-4'-nitrodiphenylsulphide and 4-amino-2'-nitrodiphenylsulphide(l) were smoothly condensed with 2-methyl-3, 1-benzoxazin-4-one(ll) to produce the corresponding 2-methyl-3-diphenylsulphidoquinazol-4- ones(lll). 2-Styryl-3-diphenylsulphidoquinazol-4-ones(IV) were prepared by heating(III) with the appropriate aromatic aldehydes using piperidine as a basic catalyst. Compounds(IV) oxidized easily by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/gl. acetic acid mixture to produce the corresponding sulphones(V). The biological activities of some of these compounds were tested.
An analogue polarization follower for measuring the Faraday rotation of satellite signals (1964)

Conventional methods for measuring polarization angles, as they are employed in measuring the Faraday rotation of satellite signals, determine the time elapsed between two zeros of the polarization fading. The instrumentation described in this paper, however, makes continuous measurement and recording possible by application of a fast electronic scanning and orientation method to the steerable polarization pattern of a crossed-dipole antenna. The information obtained by the intersection of the incident polarization and the pattern scan controls a servo system that in turn steers the system pattern in order to follow the incident polarization angle. System function, theory of operation, and test recordings that are obtained from v.h.f. satellite signals are presented and discussed.
System-Level Analysis of Genes and Functions Affecting Survival During Nutrient Starvation in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2010)

An essential property of all cells is the ability to exit from active cell division and persist in a quiescent state. For single-celled microbes this primarily occurs in response to nutrient deprivation. We studied the genetic requirements for survival of Saccharomyces cerevisiae when starved for either of two nutrients: phosphate or leucine. We measured the survival of nearly all nonessential haploid null yeast mutants in mixed populations using a quantitative sequencing method that estimates the abundance of each mutant on the basis of frequency of unique molecular barcodes. Starvation for phosphate results in a population half-life of 337 hr whereas starvation for leucine results in a half-life of 27.7 hr. To measure survival of individual mutants in each population we developed a statistical framework that accounts for the multiple sources of experimental variation. From the identities of the genes in which mutations strongly affect survival, we identify genetic evidence for several cellular processes affecting survival during nutrient starvation, including autophagy, chromatin remodeling, mRNA processing, and cytoskeleton function. In addition, we found evidence that mitochondrial and peroxisome function is required for survival. Our experimental and analytical methods represent an efficient and quantitative approach to characterizing genetic functions and networks with unprecedented resolution and identified genotype-by-environment interactions that have important implications for interpretation of studies of aging and quiescence in yeast.