gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aspects of Enzymology and Biochemical Properties of Brevibacterium linens Relevant to Cheese Ripening: A Review (1999)

Brevibacterium linens is a major surface microorganism that is present in the smear of surface-ripened cheeses. The enzymology and biochemical characteristics of B. linens influence the ripening and final characteristics of smear surface-ripened cheeses. Proteolytic, peptidolytic, esterolytic, and lipolytic activities, which are of particular importance in the ripening process, are discussed in detail. This review also describes the production of volatile compounds, especially sulfur-containing ones, by B. linens, which are thought to be important in respect to the flavor of smear surface-ripened cheeses. The unique orange-colored carotenoids and the factors effecting their production by B. linens are also presented. The catabolism of aromatic amino acids, bacteriocin production, plasmids, and miscellaneous biochemical and physiological properties (peptidoglycan type, antibiotic resistance, insecticide degradation, and biotechnological applications) of B. linens are discussed. The problem associated with the current taxonomical classification of B. linens strains caused by strain variation is evaluated. Finally, the application of B. linens cell extracts or its proteolytic enzymes as cheese ripening accelerants for semi-hard or hard cheese varieties is considered.
Cybercrime: Dissecting the State of Underground Enterprise (2013)

Cybercrime's tentacles reach deeply into the Internet. A complete, underground criminal economy has developed that lets malicious actors steal money through the Web. The authors detail this enterprise, showing how information, expertise, and money flow through it. Understanding the underground economy's structure is critical for fighting it.
[In vivo and in vitro analysis of the ability of urinary catheter to microbial colonization]. (1996)

Bacterial adhesion to biomaterials is a complex phenomenon involving numerous factors. The ability to reduce urinary catheters infections simply by general hygiene and asepsis is low: an ascending colonization cannot be avoided. This will lead to a clinical infection only if several factors favour the bacterial adhesion or the bacterial coaggregation and the feeding of the bacterial biofilm. Among the many factors involved in bacterial adhesion, we focused in this paper on the physical parameters of surface hydrophobicity of the urinary catheters (Van der Waals and acido-basic forces) and the surface hydrophobicity of the bacteria (BATH and zeta potential). We also compared scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of in vivo and in vitro infected urinary catheters. We provided evidence that the more hydrophobic the bacteria, the more they are able to colonize hydrophobic materials, whereas hydrophilic cells are able to colonize hydrophilic materials more easily. Some biomaterials were found to display an irregular texture of hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas: they favour both types of adhesion. Moreover the divalent cations (MgII) drastically increased the bacterial coaggregation and favour bacterial growth within the biofilm. Finally, an increase in urinary pH and ionic strength increases the colonization risk. Consequently, choice of urinary catheter biomaterials is essential as patient hygiene and diet in order to avoid clinical infections.
The validation of assays used to measure biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate: Fig. 1— (2008)

The validation of assays used to measure biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate
Experiments in Automatic Microcode Generation (1983)

A procedure is described which permits applications problems coded in a higher level language to be compiled to microcode for horizontally microprogrammed processors. An experimental language has been designed which is suitable for expressing computationally oriented problems for such processors in a distributed processing environment. Source programs are compiled first to a machine independent intermediate language and then to a machine dependence form consisting of elementary microoperations, with optimizations performed during each step. The microoperations are then compacted into executable microinstructions for a specific target machine. The procedure has been implemented for experimental purposes and used to compile several different types of applications programs. The experimental results are presented with an interpretation and analysis, along with recommendations for future study.
Part of speech n-grams and Information Retrieval (2008)

Résumé Les tentatives d’utilisation de connaissances linguistiques en recherche d’information (RI) ont commencé dans les années 1980 et se sont développées dans les années 1990, en mettant en évidence des améliorations de performance (voir les synthèses de Smeaton 1986 et 1999, Karlgren 1993, et Tait 2005). Depuis lors, ces tentatives sont allées décroissant : les performances des systèmes basiques se sont améliorées et le coût du traitement linguistique ne justifiait pas le petit bénéfice obtenu (Tait 2005). La plupart des recherches en linguistique pour la RI ont aujourd’hui tendance à se tourner vers les applications de domaines spécifiques, qui semblent mieux bénéficier de ces connaissances, comme les systèmes de question-réponse (Tait & Oakes 2006). Bien que ces applications soient importantes, elles ne couvrent pas toute la recherche en linguistique pour la RI. Dans cet article, nous présentons une autre utilisation de la linguistique, plus précisément des informations sur les catégories grammaticales, pour pondérer le contenu informatif de séquences de texte. Cette pondération est une nouvelle application de la linguistique en RI et peut améliorer la performance des systèmes en général.
Tools and techniques for the development of Common Lisp applications across heterogeneous machines (2002)

A set of tools and techniques useful in the development of Common Lisp software in a heterogeneous machine environment is described. The set of tools includes a test manager, a system builder, and a librarian facility. These tools are implemented in Common Lisp and the Common Lisp Object System (CLOS) utilizing a machine-independent file path construct. These tools are compared with their counterparts in conventional programming environments from a software engineering perspective. How this set of tools can be extended by integrating it with an intelligent data dictionary is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Purification to homogeneity and enzymological characterization of a functional covalent complex composed of cytochromes P-450 isozyme 2 and b5 from rabbit liver. (1987)

A covalent complex between rabbit hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450 isozyme 2 (LM2) and b5 was created and purified to greater than 95% homogeneity. The purified complex was largely comprised of the two cytochromes covalently attached at the interface of the functional electron transfer-effector complex as shown by the following evidence. The spin state of the LM2 within the complex was greater than the spin state of free LM2, and the addition of free cytochrome b5 (cyt b5) did not further increase the spin state of the LM2 within the complex. The spectral binding parameters (Kd and delta Amax) for the association of benzphetamine with LM2 in the complex were identical to those observed with free LM2 in the presence of saturating concentrations of free cyt b5 and much different from those observed for LM2 in the absence of cyt b5. Reconstituted monooxygenase activity of the covalent LM2-cyt b5 complex (LM2-cyt b5) in the presence of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase was much higher than the activity of free LM2 and approached the activity of free LM2 in the presence of optimal concentrations of free cyt b5. Furthermore, the Km for the flavoprotein in supporting either free LM2 or LM2-cyt b5-dependent p-nitroanisole demethylation were similar. (iv) Less than 20-25% of the cyt b5 within the complex could be reduced by free NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (NADH-cyt b5 reductase) albeit at a slow rate. The implications of this data to the current understanding of the mechanism and stoichiometry of protein interactions in the hepatic mixed function oxidase system are discussed.
Temperature-Aware DRAM Cache Management—Relaxing Thermal Constraints in 3-D Systems (2019)

High bandwidth 3-D-stacked dynamic random access memory (DRAM) has been proposed to address the memory wall in modern systems, especially when it is used as a large last-level cache (LLC). However, stacking DRAM directly on top of the processor significantly impedes the efficiency of cooling, potentially causing thermal issues both in the processor and DRAM. Dynamic thermal management (DTM) based on DRAM temperature can be heavily intrusive because the normal working temperature for DRAM is lower than the processor temperature limit. This paper shows that in many cases it is better to disable hot portions of the cache rather than apply DTM and slow down the processor. Three temperature-aware cache management mechanisms are proposed to decrease the performance impact of DTM on 3-D systems. Our experiments show these techniques can improve the performance of DRAM-targeted DTM by 26.1% on average which make 3-D systems more practical for the future high-performance computing.
Fast and Robust Method for the Determination of Microstructure and Composition in Butadiene, Styrene-Butadiene, and Isoprene Rubber by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (2006)

In the tire industry, synthetic styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), and isoprene rubber (IR) elastomers are essential for conferring to the product its properties of grip and rolling resistance. Their physical properties depend on their chemical composition, i. e., their microstructure and styrene content, which must be accurately controlled. This paper describes a fast, robust, and highly reproducible near-infrared analytical method for the quantitative determination of the microstructure and styrene content. The quantitative models are calculated with the help of pure spectral profiles estimated from a partial least squares (PLS) regression, using (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as the reference method. This versatile approach allows the models to be applied over a large range of compositions, from a single BR to an SBR-IR blend. The resulting quantitative predictions are independent of the sample path length. As a consequence, the sample preparation is solvent free and simplified with a very fast (five minutes) hot filming step of a bulk polymer piece. No precise thickness control is required. Thus, the operator effect becomes negligible and the method is easily transferable. The root mean square error of prediction, depending on the rubber composition, is between 0.7% and 1.3%. The reproducibility standard error is less than 0.2% in every case.
Software schemes of reconfiguration and recovery in distributed memory multicomputers using the actor model (2002)

Ideally, a multicomputer system should cope with a processor failure by reconstructing itself-and the application running on itself-in order to maintain the available computational power of the remaining processors. We discuss the continuance of running applications through permanent processor failures. We take advantage of the characteristics of the actor model of parallel computation and dynamically checkpoint the activity of the application. Consequently, the runtime system is able to continue an application through multiple nonconcurrent processor failures. We have implemented our techniques through modifications of the runtime system of the parallel language Charm on an Intel iPSC/s hypercube. After discussing the theory and implementation, we give measurements of overhead due to fault tolerance for a number of applications and demonstrate continuance of the applications after injection of one or more faults.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immunomagnetic purification of human breast carcinoma cells allows tumor-specific detection of multidrug resistance gene 1-mRNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in fine-needle aspirates. (1995)

The combination of immunomagnetic purification of breast carcinoma cells and RT-PCR enables the measurement of cancer-specific MDR1 mRNA levels in small cell samples obtained by FNA.
Induction and Repression of Mitochondrial ATPase in Yeast (1968)

A simple mechanical procedure for the preparation of particle‐bound Mg‐ATPase is described. It represented at least 80% of total ATPase activity, both in the case of aerobically and of anaerobically grown yeast. When analyzed in a sucrose gradient, ATPase from aerobic yeast sedimented with NADH‐oxidase. ATPase from aerobic or anaerobic yeast showed 2 pH optima, as had been described for ATPase localized in carefully prepared and purified yeast mitochondria. Particle‐bound ATPase from aerobic or anaerobic yeast showed pronounced oligomycin sensitivity. Anaerobically grown yeast synthesized particle‐bound Mg‐ATPase at the low basal rate of 7–10 μmoles P/10 min/mg protein. During O 2 ‐induction without growth, respiratory enzymes and ATPase were induced simultaneously. Both inductions were inhibited by acti‐dione. Aerobically grown, glucose‐repressed yeast synthesized ATPase at a rate similar to anaerobic yeast. Progressive derepression during growth produced a simultaneous increase of the rate of cell respiration (30–270) and of ATPase activity (10–60). Ethanol‐grown cells had a constant high Q o2 and synthesized ATPase at the high constant rate of 60. Regulation of ATPase synthesis was strictly identical when activity was measured at the two pH optima, suggesting the presence of a single mitochondrial ATPase. The possibility of separate phosphorylating and hydrolytic sites on the enzyme is discussed.
Segmentation and analysis of 3D cardiac motion from tagged MRI images (2004)

This paper gives an overview of our framework for the automated segmentation and motion analysis of cardiac motion from MRI tagging lines. It consists of a series of novel methods which utilize theory from image processing, deformable models and finite elements. Our framework consists of several steps. In the first step we use Gabor filter banks and deformable models for the automatic segmentation of tagging lines and cardiac boundaries. The extracted tagging lines and boundaries are then used as input to a volumetric deformable model for the heart's motion estimation analysis. In this step we first extract parameters that can determine the difference between a normal and a pathologic heart motion. Second, using an expectation-maximization methodology (EM) we are able to determine a given heart's stress-strain relationship and fiber orientation. Our hypothesis is that the 3D shape and motion analysis of the heart will allow the faster and timely diagnosis of heart disease compared to traditional 2D methods. We present a series of segmentation, shape, motion and tissue property analysis results.
Boosting the extensibility potential of fibre networks: A review (2014)

Production of paper-based packaging is growing at the present moment and has great future prospects. However, the development of new packaging concepts is creating a demand for an improvement in the mechanical properties of paper. Extensibility is one of these properties. Highly extensible papers have the potential to replace certain kinds of plastics used in packaging. Extensibility is also important for the sack and bag paper grades and for runnability in any converting process. This paper reviews the factors that affect the extensibility of fibres and paper, and discusses opportunities for improving the straining potential of paper and paper-like fibre networks. It is possible to classify factors that affect extensibility into three main categories: fibre structure, interfibre bonding, and structure of the fibre network. Extensibility is also affected by the straining situation and the phase state of the polymers in the cell wall. By understanding the basic phenomena related to the elongation, and by combining different methods affecting the deformability of fibre network, extensibility of paper can be raised to a higher level.
Enhancement of Myocardial Regeneration Through Genetic Engineering of Cardiac Progenitor Cells Expressing Pim-1 Kinase (2009)

Myocardial repair is significantly enhanced by genetic engineering of CPCs with Pim-1 kinase. Ex vivo gene delivery to enhance cellular survival, proliferation, and regeneration may overcome current limitations of stem cell-based therapeutic approaches.
Synthesis of novel tryptamine and β-carboline derivatives via palladium-catalyzed reaction of bromotryptamine with organic boronic acids (2005)

Abstract New tryptamine 5, 7 and β-carboline derivatives 3 were preparated by palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of 5-bromotryptamine 1 with aryl boronic acids.
A review of antisense therapeutic interventions for molecular biological targets in asthma. (2007)

Modern tools of genomics and proteomics reveal potential therapeutic antisense targets in asthma, increasing the interest in the development of anti-mRNA drugs. In allergic asthma experimental models, antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) are administered by inhalation or systemically. ASO can be used for a large number of molecular targets: cell membrane receptors (G-protein coupled receptors, cytokine and chemokine receptors), membrane proteins, ion channels, cytokines and related factors, signaling non-receptor protein kinases (tyrosine kinases, and serine/threonine kinases) and regulators of transcription belonging to Cys4 zinc finger of nuclear receptor type or beta-scaffold factors with minor groove contacts classes/superclasses of transcription factors. A respirable ASO against the adenosine A(1) receptor was investigated in human trials. RNase P-associated external guide sequence (EGS) delivered into pulmonary tissues represents a potentially new therapeutic approach in asthma as well as ribozyme strategies. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting key molecules involved in the patho-physiology of allergic asthma are expected to be of benefit as RNAi immunotherapy. Antagomirs, synthetic analogs of microRNA (miRNA), have important roles in regulation of gene expression in asthma. RNA interference (RNAi) technologies offer higher efficiency in suppressing the expression of specific genes, compared with traditional antisense approaches.
Chemical structure of the salicylanilide anthelmintic drugs niclosamide and oxyclozanide. (2015)

<p>Chemical structure of the salicylanilide anthelmintic drugs niclosamide and oxyclozanide.</p>
Photodynamic and photohyperthermic response of malignant tumors (1985)

This work presents an analytical dosimetry model for photodynamic therapy of malignant tumors. A hyperthermic contribution originating from the absorption of optical irradiation in the tissue may be equally taken into account. The model has been used to analyze tumor response during photodynamic therapy of an in vivo murine tumor. This tumor model was C3H/Tif mammary adenocarcinoma in C3D2F1/Bom mouse strain.
Heterogeneously Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Strain Causing Recurrent Peritonitis in a Dialysis Patient during Vancomycin Therapy (1999)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) was recovered over a 2-month period from the dialysis fluid of a peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient who experienced recurrent episodes of peritonitis during therapeutic and prophylactic use of vancomycin. Characterization of five consecutive MRSE isolates by molecular and microbiological methods showed that they were representatives of a single strain, had reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, did not react with DNA probes specific for the enterococcal vanA or vanB gene, and showed characteristics reminiscent of the properties of a recently described vancomycin-resistant laboratory mutant of Staphylococcus aureus. Cultures of these MRSE isolates were heterogeneous: they contained-with a frequency of 10(-4) to 10(-5)-bacteria for which vancomycin MICs were high (25 to 50 microg/ml) which could easily be selected to "take over" the cultures by using vancomycin selection in the laboratory. In contrast, the five consecutive MRSE isolates recovered from the PD patient during virtually continuous vancomycin therapy showed no indication for a similar enrichment of more resistant subpopulations, suggesting the existence of an "occult" infection site in the patient (presumably at the catheter exit site) which was not accessible to the antibiotic.
A proteomic study of the apolipoproteins in LDL subclasses in patients with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (2005)

The exchangeable apolipoproteins present in small, dense LDL (sdLDL) and large, buoyant LDL subclasses were evaluated with a quantitative proteomic approach in patients with the metabolic syndrome and with type 2 diabetes, both with subclinical atherosclerosis and the B LDL phenotype. The analyses included surface-enhanced laser adsorption/ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and subsequent identification by mass spectrometry or immunoblotting and were carried out in LDL subclasses isolated by ultracentrifugation in deuterium oxide gradients with near physiological salt concentrations. The sdLDLs of both types of patients were enriched in apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) and were depleted of apoC-I, apoA-I, and apoE compared with matched healthy controls with the A phenotype. The LDL complexes formed in serum from patients with diabetes with the arterial proteoglycan (PG) versican were also enriched in apoC-III. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the apoC-III content in sdLDL in patients and the apparent affinity of their LDLs for arterial versican. The unique distribution of exchangeable apolipoproteins in the sdLDLs of the patients studied, especially high apoC-III, coupled with the augmented affinity with arterial PGs, may contribute to the strong association of the dyslipidemia of insulin resistance with increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
Indoor positioning and life detection by using asynchronous multiple frequency shift keying radar (2015)

Indoor positioning and life detection using radio frequency has been widely researched; however, to achieve both indoor positioning and life detection has been a very challenging task until now. By careful design of the waveform and a novel detection algorithm, asynchronous multiple frequency shift keying (A‐MFSK) is proposed to solve this task for the first time, which can operate between an MFSK mode and a single tone continuous wave mode, providing a possibility of A‐MFSK for this task. Detailed explanation about the detection algorithm is given. Simulations and measurements results of both modes demonstrate that A‐MFSK has the capability of indoor positioning and life detection.