gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aliphatic Chloroarsines<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAliphatic Chloroarsines1C. K. Banks, J. F. Morgan, R. L. Clark, E. B. Hatlelid, F. H. Kahler, H. W. Paxton, E. J. Cragoe, R. J. Andres, Bill Elpern, R. F. Coles, James Lawhead, and Cliff S. HamiltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 4, 927–930Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01196a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01196a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Activation of Na+ and K+ pumping modes of (Na,K)-ATPase by an oscillating electric field. (1990)

Serpersu and Tsong (Sepersu, E. H., and Tsong, T. Y. (1983) J. Membr. Biol. 74, 191-201; (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 7155-7162) reported activation of a K+ pumping mode of (Na,K)-ATPase by an oscillating electric field (20 V/cm, 1.0 kHz). Their attempts to activate Na+ pumping at the same frequency were unsuccessful. We report here activation of a Na+ pumping mode with an oscillating electric field of the same strength as used previously (20 V/cm) but at a much higher frequency (1.0 MHz). At 3.5 degrees C and the optimal amplitude and frequency, the field-induced, ouabain-sensitive (0.2 mM ouabain incubated for 30 min) Rb+ influx ranged between 10 and 20 amol/red blood cell/h, and the corresponding Na+ efflux ranged between 15 and 30 amol/red blood cell/h, varying with the source of the erythrocytes. No Rb+ efflux nor Na+ influx was stimulated by the applied field in the frequency range 1 Hz to 10 MHz. These results indicate that only those transport modes that require ATP splitting under the physiological condition were affected by the applied electric fields, although the field-stimulated Rb+ influx and Na+ efflux did not depend on the cellular ATP concentration in the range 5 to 800 microM. Computer simulation of a four-state enzyme electroconformationally coupled to an alternating electric field (Tsong, T. Y., and Astumian, R. D. (1986) Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 15, 457-476; Tsong, T. Y. (1990) Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biophys. Chem. 19, 83-106) reproduced the main features of the above results.
λ~71 μm quantum cascade lasers with 19% wall-plug efficiency at room temperature (2011)

Strain-balanced In0.6Ga0.4As/Al0.56In0.44As quantum cascade lasers emitting at a wavelength of 7.1 μm are reported. The active region is based on a three-phonon-resonance quantum design with a low voltage defect of 120 meV at injection resonance. A maximum wall-plug efficiency of 19% is demonstrated in pulsed mode at 293 K. Continuous-wave output power of 1.4 W and wall-plug efficiency of 10% are measured at the same temperature, as well as 1.2 W of average power in uncooled operation. A model for backfilling of the lower laser level which takes into account the number of subbands in the injector is presented and applied to determine the optimum value of the voltage defect to maximize wall-plug efficiency at room temperature, which is found to be ~100 meV, in good agreement with experimental results.
CodeQuest (2005)

We describe CodeQuest, a system for querying source code. It combines two previous proposals, namely the use of logic programming and database system. Experiments (on projects ranging from 3KSLOC to 1300KSLOC) confirm that for this application, a query language based on DataLog strikes the right balance between expressiveness and scalability.
Automatic 3D temporal kinetics segmentation of dynamic emission tomography image using adaptive region growing cluster analysis (2004)

The primary goal of medical image segmentation is to partition the raw image into region of interests (ROIs) matching the anatomical localization of objects of interest in 2D or 3D space. The traditional method of ROI delineation (or segmentation) for the analysis of dynamic emission tomography is the manual placement of ROIs by the operator. However this approach is operator dependent, time-consuming and may lack good reproducibility. Quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) studies can provide measurements of dynamic physiological and biochemical processes in humans through the use of temporal kinetics available. However, due to the relatively poor spatial resolution and high noise levels, partitioning of ROIs is limited. In this paper, the use of a novel knowledge-based approach to segmentation of clinical PET studies using automatic seed selection for adaptive region growing based on Euclidean distance between the local tissue time-activity curves (TTAC) of the voxels is proposed.
On nonholonomic mobile robots and optimal maneuvering (2003)

The authors consider the robot path planning problem in the presence of nonintegrable kinematic constraints, known as nonholonomic constraints. Such constraints are generally caused by one or several rolling contacts between rigid bodies and express that the relative velocity of two points in contact is zero. They make the dimension of the space of achievable velocities smaller than the dimension of the robot's configuration space. Using standard results in differential geometry (Frobenius integrability theorem) and nonlinear control theory, the authors first give a formal characterization of holonomy (and nonholonomy) for robot systems subject to linear differential constraints and state some related results about their controllability. They then apply these results to 'car-like' and 'trailer-like' robots. Finally, they present an implemented planner, which generates collision-free paths with a minimal number of maneuvers for car-like and trailer-like robots among obstacles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Formation and reaction of OMn<sup>V</sup>species in the oxidation of phenolic substrates with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>catalysed by the dinuclear manganese(<scp>iv</scp>) 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane complex [Mn<sup>IV</sup><sub>2</sub>(μ-O)<sub>3</sub>(TMTACN)<sub>2</sub>](PF<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (2004)

The oxidation of phenolic substrates with H2O2 catalysed by [MnIV2(mu-O)3(TMTACN)2](PF6)2 1, (TMTACN, 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) has been investigated by use of ESI mass spectrometry. The role of the phenols as one-electron reductants and as co-ligands in the stabilisation and reaction of an intermediate O=MnV species has been analysed and the presence of a variety of manganese species in solution has been explained. Our results lead to a proposed mechanism for the catalytic oxidation of phenols in this system.
Isolation of a Dihydrobenzofuran Lignan from South American Dragon's Blood (Croton spp.) as an Inhibitor of Cell Proliferation (1993)

Dragon's blood is a red viscous latex extracted from the cortex of various Croton spp. (Euphorbiaceae), most commonly Croton lechleri, Croton draconoides (or Croton palanostigma), and Croton erythrochilus. It is used in South American popular medicine for several purposes, including wound healing. Bioassay-guided fractionation of dragon's blood, using an in vitro test system for the stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, has resulted in the isolation of a dihydrobenzofuran lignan, 3',4-O-dimethylcedrusin or 4-O-methyldihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol [2-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-2,3-dihydro-7-methoxybenzo furan-5- propan-1-ol] [1] as the biologically active principle. A related compound, 4-O-methylcedrusin [2-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxybenzo furan-5- propan-1-ol] [2], and the alkaloid taspine [3], also isolated from dragon's blood, were not active in the same assay. A cell proliferation assay, measuring the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in endothelial cells, showed that compound 1 did not stimulate cell proliferation, but rather inhibited thymidine incorporation, while protecting cells against degradation in a starvation medium.
Antigen recognition by CTL is dependent upon ectoATPase activity. (1995)

Alloantigen-specific and OVA-specific CD8+ CTL were shown here to express an ectoATPase. These CTL also express an ectoADPase, but do not express detectable levels of an ectoAMPase. CD8+ CTL transported adenosine into their cytoplasm at a rate of 2.3 x 10(-11) mmol/min/10(5) cells. In contrast, adenosine uptake was 34-fold lower when ATP was used as the source of the nucleoside. This was consistent with the lack of ectoAMPase and suggests that the role of ectoATPase is not in the salvage of extracellular nucleotides. 5'-p-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl adenosine (5'-FSBA) is an ATP analogue affinity label that irreversibly inhibits CTL ectoATPase. Cells made ectoATPase activity deficient by modification with 5'-FSBA were not susceptible to potential lytic effects of extracellular ATP with less than 20% specific lysis at 20 mM of exogenous ATP. However, cells modified by 5'-FSBA were unable to kill their respective target cells. Complete inhibition of cell-mediated killing was observed with 1 mM 5'-FSBA. CTL modified by 5'-FSBA also failed to secrete TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma after activation by the appropriate Ag. Killing was also inhibited by 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate (a nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue), but not by ATP, ADP, alpha, beta-methylene ADP (a nonhydrolyzable ADP analogue), AMP, or adenosine. Blockage of CTL activity by 5'-FSBA was not reversed by addition of ADP, suggesting that hydrolysis of ATP is an essential ectoATPase-mediated signal for CTL activation. These results suggest that ectoATPase is essential for Ag recognition and/or effector activities of CTL.
Quantitative assessment of kernel set and risk of out-crossing in maize based on flowering dynamics (2004)

Pollination in maize can occur only if airborne pollen shed by the staminate flowers on the tassel is captured by the stigmas of the pistillate flowers borne on the ear. Since maize domestication, and especially with the introduction of hybrid seed production, many attempts have been made to control pollination to ensure maximum kernel set and high levels of genetic purity. The central hypothesis of this dissertation is that pollen shed and silk emergence are predictable processes, which can be simply quantified and used to characterize the capacity of the male inbreds to produce pollen and the ability of the females to extrude silks. This information, coupled with an assessment of pollen viability, could be used to model kernel set under varying conditions and to predict pollen drift and the risk of genetic contamination from one field to another. Chapter 2 presents a novel method to quantify the timing and intensity of pollen shed using passive pollen traps and capitalizing on the capacity of pollen to fluoresce. Chapter 3 provides another novel method of relating genetic differences in pollen production to the morphological characteristics of plant tassels. Chapter 4 describes a mathematical model developed to simulate potential kernel set from seasonal dynamics of pollen shed and silk exsertion. Chapter 5 successfully applies the model to hybrid seed production fields and demonstrates its utility to define management strategies that would optimize seed production. Chapter 6 presents an indirect approach to assess loss of pollen viability during its transport in air. Quantitative relations between environmental conditions during pollen dispersal (i.e. temperature, relative humidity) and pollen desiccation that can be used to assess pollen viability are shown. Finally, chapter 7 presents a quantitative approach to assess out-crossing and selfpollination risks based exclusively on the flowering characteristics of a given field.
Elucidation of seventeen human peripheral blood B‐cell subsets and quantification of the tetanus response using a density‐based method for the automated identification of cell populations in multidimensional flow cytometry data (2010)

FLOCK is able to identify cell subsets in experiments that use multiparameter FCM through an objective, automated computational approach. The use of algorithms like FLOCK for FCM data analysis obviates the need for subjective and labor-intensive manual gating to identify and quantify cell subsets. Novel populations identified by these computational approaches can serve as hypotheses for further experimental study.
Stylesheet transformations for interactive visualization (2003)

Recent Standards specifications offer important but underemployed techniques to maximize access-to and distribution-of information for real-time 3D visualization over the web. This paper describes and evaluates such techniques to transform structured data such as Chemical Markup Language (CML) to different forms and contexts for Web3D delivery using Extensible Stylesheet Transformations (XSLT), Extensible 3D (X3D), and VRML97. Standards design approaches offer a number of advantages: data durability, data interoperability, and an ecology of tools to be deployed for production and delivery. As we demonstrate, these techniques allow developers to port data between multiple representations and formats, to leverage the separation of the presentation (reference) from the content (referent), and the ability to define 'high-level' markup tags for application-specific needs. By defining a set of XSL Transformations, we are able to generate multiple views and interaction schemes with the same data set; each one 'personalized' for different applications and different levels of expertise.
Lack of cross-reaction in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HIV-related West African strains. (1988)

Sera from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HIV-related West African viruses can mediate high-titered, virus-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in all stages of infection. No cross-reactive ADCC can be detected between HIV and HIV-related West African strains LAV-2, HTLV-IV, and SBL-6669. Because these two groups of viruses have antigenically distinct envelope glycoproteins, ADCC-mediating antibodies are most likely directed against envelope antigens. For HIV-specific ADCC, this was further confirmed by using sera reacting with HIV envelope but negative for antibodies against viral core antigens.
Distribution of Residual Autocorrelations in Autoregressive-Integrated Moving Average Time Series Models (1970)

Abstract Many statistical models, and in particular autoregressive—moving average time series models, can be regarded as means of transforming the data to white noise, that is, to an uncorrected sequence of errors. If the parameters are known exactly, this random sequence can be computed directly from the observations; when this calculation is made with estimates substituted for the true parameter values, the resulting sequence is referred to as the “residuals,” which can be regarded as estimates of the errors. If the appropriate model has been chosen, there will be zero autocorrelation in the errors. In checking adequacy of fit it is therefore logical to study the sample autocorrelation function of the residuals. For large samples the residuals from a correctly fitted model resemble very closely the true errors of the process; however, care is needed in interpreting the serial correlations of the residuals. It is shown here that the residual autocorrelations are to a close approximation representable as a singular linear transformation of the autocorrelations of the errors so that they possess a singular normal distribution. Failing to allow for this results in a tendency to overlook evidence of lack of fit. Tests of fit and diagnostic checks are devised which take these facts into account.
Myelodysplastic syndrome: from morphology to biology. (2004)

Myelodysplastic syndrome is characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis manifesting as peripheral cytopenia, despite adequate or increased cellularity in bone marrow. Increased intramedullary apoptosis is thought to be the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. However, the mechanisms leading to this increased apoptosis remain largely unknown. Although less apoptosis is seen in more advanced disease with increased blasts, apoptosis remains the major characteristic feature of this disease and data suggest that all cases are biologically similar, irrespective of the blast count. Myelodysplastic syndrome is a highly aggressive disease that carries a poor prognosis, especially in symptomatic patients. New therapeutic agents that target histone deacetylation, DNA methylation, or angiogenesis show promise, but focused biologic and therapeutic studies are needed to improve the outcome of this disease.
Synthesis and serotonin receptor affinities of a series of enantiomers of .alpha.-methyltryptamines: evidence for the binding conformation of tryptamines at serotonin 5-HT1B receptors (1988)

A procedure for the preparation of optically pure alpha-methyltryptamines (AMTs) from substituted indoles was developed. The key step in the sequence was the reductive amination of substituted indole-2-propanones with the commercially available pure enantiomers of alpha-methylbenzylamine, followed by the chromatographic separation of the resulting pair of diastereomeric amines by preparative centrifugal (Chromatotron) chromatography. Catalytic N-debenzylation then afforded the pure AMT enantiomers. Optical purity was established by chiral HPLC analysis of the 2-naphthoylamide derivatives. An improved procedure for the preparation of indole-2-propanones was also developed. To probe structure-activity relationships of serotonin receptors, affinities of the alpha-methyltryptamine enantiomers were then measured at the 5-HT2 antagonist receptor subtype, with displacement of [3H]ketanserin, and were estimated at the 5-HT1B receptor, with displacement of [3H]serotonin, respectively, in rat frontal cortex homogenates. Enantioselectivity at the receptor subtypes varied, depending on aromatic substituents. For a 5-hydroxy or 5-methoxy, the S enantiomer had higher affinity or was equipotent to the R enantiomer. This selectivity at [3H]serotonin binding sites was reversed for 4-oxygenated alpha-methyltryptamines, where a 4-hydroxy or 4-methoxy did not enhance affinity over the unsubstituted compounds. These results can be explained, for the [3H]serotonin displacement data, if the binding conformation is one where the ethylamine side chain is trans and lying in a plane perpendicular to the indole ring plane.
Predictors of Depressive Symptoms and Unemployed Black Adults (1985)

Using data from a probability based survey of unemployed Black adults residing in an urban area, this study explores factors related to the presence of depressive symptoms. Findings indicate that depressive symptoms are less among unemployed persons with higher levels of income, education, religiosity, age and satisfactory social support. Age, however, is the single best predictor of depressive symptoms among unemployed Blacks. There were no significant differences by gender.
High Capacity Rate Capable Aerosol Jet Printed Li‐Ion Battery Cathode (2019)

A thick (170 μm) LiFePO 4 cathode is fabricated through aerosol jet printing. The printed cathode displays a pattern of aligned high aspect ratio needles which, in cross section, produce micron scale channels. These channels surround regions of LiFePO 4 that possess submicron pores. When tested in half cell configuration versus a Li‐foil anode, the specific discharge capacity of the printed cathode is 151 mAh g −1 at a C/15 rate and 105 mAh g −1 at 1C. These values correspond to area normalized discharge capacities of 2.5 and 1.7 mAh cm −2 at current densities of 0.2 and 2.4 mA cm −2 , respectively. In a 50 cycle constant current charge/discharge test, the discharge capacity is stable, retaining 89% of its initial C/5 capacity. These results suggest that aerosol jet deposition is a promising printing technique for fabricating high capacity, rate capable, Li‐ion battery cathodes.
Factor VLeiden and Prothrombin G20210A Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (2008)

Although both the heterozygote Factor VLeiden and Prothrombin gene mutations were more frequent in patients with CAD than in control subjects, there was no statistical relationship found to exist between coronary artery disease and the Factor VLeiden and Prothrombin G20210A mutations.
Direct Profiling of Environmental Microbial Populations by Thermal Dissociation Analysis of Native rRNAs Hybridized to Oligonucleotide Microarrays (2003)

Oligonucleotide microarrays were used to profile directly extracted rRNA from environmental microbial populations without PCR amplification. In our initial inspection of two distinct estuarine study sites, the hybridization patterns were reproducible and varied between estuarine sediments of differing salinities. The determination of a thermal dissociation curve (i.e., melting profile) for each probe-target duplex provided information on hybridization specificity, which is essential for confirming adequate discrimination between target and nontarget sequences.
A Digital Modulation Method for Terrestrial Digital Broadcasting Systems Using a Trellis Coded OFDM under Multipath Conditions. (1993)

Frequency Division Multiplexing) is a useful digital modulation method for terrestrial digital broadcasting systems, including digital audio broadcasting. Applications of the OFDM can be expanded by combining it with a trellis coded modulation (TCM). This TCM-OFDM system
S-Caffe (2017)

Availability of large data sets like ImageNet and massively parallel computation support in modern HPC devices like NVIDIA GPUs have fueled a renewed interest in Deep Learning (DL) algorithms. This has triggered the development of DL frameworks like Caffe, Torch, TensorFlow, and CNTK. However, most DL frameworks have been limited to a single node. In order to scale out DL frameworks and bring HPC capabilities to the DL arena, we propose, S-Caffe; a scalable and distributed Caffe adaptation for modern multi-GPU clusters. With an in-depth analysis of new requirements brought forward by the DL frameworks and limitations of current communication runtimes, we present a co-design of the Caffe framework and the MVAPICH2-GDR MPI runtime. Using the co-design methodology, we modify Caffe's workflow to maximize the overlap of computation and communication with multi-stage data propagation and gradient aggregation schemes. We bring DL-Awareness to the MPI runtime by proposing a hierarchical reduction design that benefits from CUDA-Aware features and provides up to a massive 133x speedup over OpenMPI and 2.6x speedup over MVAPICH2 for 160 GPUs. S-Caffe successfully scales up to 160 K-80 GPUs for GoogLeNet (ImageNet) with a speedup of 2.5x over 32 GPUs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first framework that scales up to 160 GPUs. Furthermore, even for single node training, S-Caffe shows an improvement of 14\% and 9\% over Nvidia's optimized Caffe for 8 and 16 GPUs, respectively. In addition, S-Caffe achieves up to 1395 samples per second for the AlexNet model, which is comparable to the performance of Microsoft CNTK.