gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measured scattering-matrix-data and a polarimetric CFAR-detector which works on this data (2002)

Problems with a polarimetric radar which is able to measure the complete scattering matrix (SM) of a reflecting object are discussed. Emphasis is placed on polarimetric signal processing, in which the multichannel polarimetric target information is used to obtain improved results compared with signal processing of a nonpolarimetric radar. Measured SM data of different targets (rain and ground clutter and a jet, measured at different aspect angles) obtained with the operational DLR polarimetric radar are discussed. The target-dependent differences of the data are given. A polarimetric CFAR (constant false alarm rate) detector which uses the complete information of the SM is described. The probability of detection and the false alarm rate of this new CFAR-detector, which can decide about the presence of a target even in situations when a conventional CFAR-detector fails, are evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vehicular Networks:A Case for the Internet of Things (2011)

This paper presents recent advances in wireless communication technologies in vehicular environments.It discusses research challenges in different protocol layers with a focus on information dissemination from an information-centric perspective.Some vehicular network projects that are currently underway around the world are also reviewed.
Adenosine infusion increases plasma levels of VEGF in humans (2005)

We conclude from these preliminary findings that intravenous infusion of adenosine can increase plasma levels of VEGF in humans.
Gate-efficient discrete simulations of continuous-time quantum query algorithms (2012)

We show how to efficiently simulate continuous-time quantum query algorithms that run in time T in a manner that preserves the query complexity (within a polylogarithmic factor) while also incurring a small overhead cost in the total number of gates between queries. By small overhead, we mean T within a factor that is polylogarithmic in terms of T and a cost measure that reflects the cost of computing the driving Hamiltonian. This permits any continuous-time quantum algorithm based on an efficiently computable driving Hamiltonian to be converted into a gate-efficient algorithm with similar running time.
Development of structural health monitoring techniques using dynamics testing (1996)

Today`s society depends upon many structures (such as aircraft, bridges, wind turbines, offshore platforms, buildings, and nuclear weapons) which are nearing the end of their design lifetime. Since these structures cannot be economically replaced, techniques for structural health monitoring must be developed and implemented. Modal and structural dynamics measurements hold promise for the global non-destructive inspection of a variety of structures since surface measurements of a vibrating structure can provide information about the health of the internal members without costly (or impossible) dismantling of the structure. In order to develop structural health monitoring for application to operational structures, developments in four areas have been undertaken within this project: operational evaluation, diagnostic measurements, information condensation, and damage identification. The developments in each of these four aspects of structural health monitoring have been exercised on a broad range of experimental data. This experimental data has been extracted from structures from several application areas which include aging aircraft, wind energy, aging bridges, offshore structures, structural supports, and mechanical parts. As a result of these advances, Sandia National Laboratories is in a position to perform further advanced development, operational implementation, and technical consulting for a broad class of the nation`s aging infrastructure problems.
Distinct susceptibility of HIV vaccine vector-induced CD4 T cells to HIV infection (2018)

The concerns raised from adenovirus 5 (Ad5)-based HIV vaccine clinical trials, where excess HIV infections were observed in some vaccine recipients, have highlighted the importance of understanding host responses to vaccine vectors and the HIV susceptibility of vector-specific CD4 T cells in HIV vaccination. Our recent study reported that human Ad5-specific CD4 T cells induced by Ad5 vaccination (RV156A trial) are susceptible to HIV. Here we further investigated the HIV susceptibility of vector-specific CD4 T cells induced by ALVAC, a canarypox viral vector tested in the Thai trial RV144, as compared to Ad5 vector-specific CD4 T cells in the HVTN204 trial. We showed that while Ad5 vector-specific CD4 T cells were readily susceptible to HIV, ALVAC-specific CD4 T cells in RV144 PBMC were substantially less susceptible to both R5 and X4 HIV in vitro. The lower HIV susceptibility of ALVAC-specific CD4 T cells was associated with the reduced surface expression of HIV entry co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 on these cells. Phenotypic analyses identified that ALVAC-specific CD4 T cells displayed a strong Th1 phenotype, producing higher levels of IFN-γ and CCL4 (MIP-1β) but little IL-17. Of interest, ALVAC and Ad5 vectors induced distinct profiles of vector-specific CD8 vs. CD4 T-cell proliferative responses in PBMC, with ALVAC preferentially inducing CD8 T-cell proliferation, while Ad5 vector induced CD4 T-cell proliferation. Depletion of ALVAC-, but not Ad5-, induced CD8 T cells in PBMC led to a modest increase in HIV infection of vector-specific CD4 T cells, suggesting a role of ALVAC-specific CD8 T cells in protecting ALVAC-specific CD4 T cells from HIV. Taken together, our data provide strong evidence for distinct HIV susceptibility of CD4 T cells induced by different vaccine vectors and highlight the importance of better evaluating anti-vector responses in HIV vaccination.
A Two's Complement Parallel Array Multiplication Algorithm (1973)

An algorithm for high-speed, two's complement, m-bit by n-bit parallel array multiplication is described. The two's complement multiplication is converted to an equivalent parallel array addition problem in which each partial product bit is the AND of a multiplier bit and a multiplicand bit, and the signs of all the partial product bits are positive.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of the Chevrel Phases MxMo6S8 (M: Cu, Pb, La, or Gd). (1988)

Abstract Nearly stoichiometric Cu 2 Mo 6 S 8 (I), PbMo 6 S 8 (II), LaMo 6 S 8 (III), and GdMo 6 S 8 (IV) are obtained as single‐phase products by heating a precursor of general formula Mp(NH4)qMo3S9 in H 2 at 1000 °C. The precursors are prepared by addition of a DMF solution of the corresponding metal chloride to a DMF solution of (NH 4 ) 2 MoS 4 (∼ 90 °C, 5‐6 h, N2).
Improvement of Field Emission Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes by Excimer Laser Treatment (2002)

The density of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) deposited by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) is extremely high, which results in screening effect in the electric field. To achieve excellent field emission characteristics, an excimer laser treatment (ELT) was introduced to reduce the density of CNTs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed reduced densities of the CNTs, and the measurement of electrical characteristics results revealed the improved field emission properties under suitable ELT conditions. The turn-on field decreased from 3 V/µm to 2.1 V/µm, and the emission current density increased from 5.73 mA/cm2 to 87.13 mA/cm2 at the applied field of 5 V/µm.
Bistable operation of semiconductor lasers by optical injection (1981)

Bistable operation in InP/InGaAsP DH lasers by optical injection is reported for the first time. An incident optical beam, generated by a conventional DH semiconductor laser, was injected into the semiconductor laser with inhomogeneous excitation. Bistability has been achieved in the relation between input intensity of the incident beam and the optical output intensity of the inhomogeneously excited laser. The bistable laser also acts as an optical limiter, i.e. the optical output completely saturates above the laser threshold level.
Processable high internal phase Pickering emulsions using depletion attraction (2017)

High internal phase emulsions have been widely used as templates for various porous materials, but special strategies are required to form, in particular, particle-covered ones that have been more difficult to obtain. Here, we report a versatile strategy to produce a stable high internal phase Pickering emulsion by exploiting a depletion interaction between an emulsion droplet and a particle using water-soluble polymers as a depletant. This attractive interaction facilitating the adsorption of particles onto the droplet interface and simultaneously suppressing desorption once adsorbed. This technique can be universally applied to nearly any kind of particle to stabilize an interface with the help of various non- or weakly adsorbing polymers as a depletant, which can be solidified to provide porous materials for many applications.
A Reliability Optimization Method Using Disk Reliability Degree and Data Heat Degree (2012)

The reliability of the traditional storage system can utilize data recovery and reconstruction operations to recover data in case of the disk failure; however it will result in longer data recovery time and increase the possibility of secondary failure. Hence, reliability optimization has become one of the key subjects of storage system research. In this paper we propose a novel reliability optimization method, which uses disk reliability degree to evaluate the reliability of disk based on SMART technology. And it uses data heat degree to compute the heat degree of data and the utilization degree of disk at the present time, so according to disk reliability degree and disk utilization degree we can protect current hotspots data. Data heat degree also predicts hotspots data in the future based on the current rank of data access frequency and Zipf-like distribution; we can also protect predicted new hotspots data according to disk reliability degree. Our experiment shows that disk reliability degree satisfies the actual usage and data heat degree achieves very high prediction accuracy. In order to evaluate the system performance's influence of our method, the experimental results of data migration based on RAID system demonstrate that reliability optimization method has little or no impact on the normal system performance, and outperforms the traditional reconstruct RAID system.
Improving a deep learning based RGB-D object recognition model by ensemble learning (2017)

Augmenting RGB images with depth information is a well-known method to significantly improve the recognition accuracy of object recognition models. Another method to improve the performance of visual recognition models is ensemble learning. However, this method has not been widely explored in combination with deep convolutional neural network based RGB-D object recognition models. Hence, in this paper, we form different ensembles of complementary deep convolutional neural network models, and show that this can be used to increase the recognition performance beyond existing limits. Experiments on the Washington RGB-D Object Dataset show that our best performing ensemble improves the recognition performance with 0.7% compared to using the baseline model alone.
Noncoding RNAs in exercise-induced cardio-protection for chronic heart failure (2019)

Chronic heart failure (CHF) has long been a major medical care burden on society due to its high morbidity and mortality. Although lots of evidence has demonstrated the beneficial impacts of exercise on CHF, termed exercise-induced cardioprotection (EIC), the underlying mechanisms and applicability of EIC are elusive and controversial, and thus, clinical applications are difficult. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are potential therapeutic targets for CHF. Increasing number of ncRNAs were found to play a role in EIC and CHF. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the current knowledge of ncRNAs in EIC for CHF as well as their prospective and limitations in clinical application.
A comparison of two amorphous hydrogels in the debridement of pressure sores (1998)

This study compared the efficacy of two hydrogel dressings in the debridement of necrotic pressure sores. This randomised, controlled, assessor-blind, clinical trial involved 50 patients whose wounds were assessed weekly using computerised wound analysis for four weeks or until debrided. Debridement was identified when there was 80% red granulation tissue present and no sign of necrosis. There were no statistically significant differences in comfort, wound odour, surrounding skin condition or time to debridement between the two groups.
Refining the white blood cell differential: The first flow cytometry routine application (2010)

A Complete Blood Count performed by an automated hematology analyzer frequently needs a microscopic slide review. This step is time consuming and requires experienced personnel. Recently, several teams have proposed and validated convenient combinations of monoclonal antibodies for an extended white blood cell (WBC) differential by flow cytometry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of this approach in the routine workflow of a hematology laboratory. We compared a workflow chain comprised of a robotic blood preparation system (for antibody labeling), a flow cytometer, and data management software to the standard manual review of a blood film and evaluated the diagnostic quality, the turnaround time, and the labor needed for the two different approaches. The study on 1,973 samples was organized, firstly, to determine analytic thresholds and these settings were then validated. The flow cytometric data management software automatically validated 52% of the samples without significant numbers of false negatives. Of the remaining specimens, an operator validated a further 33% of the samples and 15% needed a manual microscopic review. These results were obtained in a mean timeline similar to the traditional microscopic manual review. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, the efficiency of a flow cytometer integrated into a WBC differential workflow in a routine hematology laboratory.
The Basis of Natural and Artificial Postzygotic Hybridization Barriers in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Species (2003)

The success or failure of interspecific crosses is vital to evolution and to agriculture, but much remains to be learned about the nature of hybridization barriers. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain postzygotic barriers, including negative interactions between diverged sequences, global genome rearrangements, and widespread epigenetic reprogramming. Another explanation is imbalance of paternally and maternally imprinted genes in the endosperm. Interspecific crosses between diploid Arabidopsis thaliana as the seed parent and tetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa as the pollen parent produced seeds that aborted with the same paternal excess endosperm phenotype seen in crosses between diploid and hexaploid A. thaliana. Doubling maternal ploidy restored seed viability and normal endosperm morphology. However, substituting a hypomethylated tetraploid A. thaliana seed parent reestablished the hybridization barrier by causing seed abortion and a lethal paternal excess phenotype. We conclude from these findings that the dominant cause of seed abortion in the diploid A. thaliana x tetraploid A. arenosa cross is parental genomic imbalance. Our results also demonstrate that manipulation of DNA methylation can be sufficient to erect hybridization barriers, offering a potential mechanism for speciation and a means of controlling gene flow between species.
Defect induced high photocurrent in solution grown vertically aligned ZnO nanowire array films (2012)

Highly oriented and homogeneously distributed single crystalline zinc oxide nanowires (NWs) are fabricated on amorphous glass substrates using soft solution growth approach. The nanowire films and sol-gel grown ZnO films are devised and tested for UV light detection applying four-probe conductivity measurements. As-grown ZnO NWs film device demonstrates three orders enhancement (sensitivity = 440) in conductivity at room temperature under an illumination of 365 nm UV light, while the sol-gel based thick film reveals two orders of enhancement in device conductance. A clear correlation of conductivity and photoluminescence measurements suggest that surface oxygen vacancies (singly charged/Vo+) which render higher green defect luminescence intensity (IG/IUV = 1.8) in ZnO NWs leads to poor dark conductance and higher photo-conductance. Post growth annealing of nanowire arrays either in air (IG/IUV = 0.85) or oxygen ambience (IG/IUV = 0.38) results in reduction of green defects and corresponding suppression of photocurrent. Higher concentration of surface traps also leads to persistent photocurrent due to ionization of oxygen vacancies and creation of perturb host states under UV light excitation.
Dielectric thickness dependence of capacitive behavior in graphene deposited on silicon dioxide (2009)

Scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) is used to probe on nanoscale the capacitive behavior of graphene deposited on a SiO2∕Si n+ substrate (with SiO2 thickness of 300 or 100nm). The SCM tip provides the contact on graphene, while the Si n+ substrate acts as the backgate contact in the graphene/SiO2∕Si capacitor. The authors studied the screening by the graphene two-dimensional electron gas on the modulating potential applied between the backgate and the SCM tip. In particular, they determined the effect of the oxide thickness on the lateral distribution (i.e., screening length) and the density of the screening charge in graphene. Experimental results indicate that thinner oxide leads to higher screening charge density in the graphene sheet and to higher effectively biased area on graphene. This correspondingly increases the total capacitance (Ctot) of the graphene/SiO2∕Si capacitor. We evaluated the dependence on the dielectric thickness of the classical metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitance (CMOS) and of the quantum capacitance (Cq) contributions to Ctot.
Bioinformatic characterization of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 epidemic a public health emergency of international concern on March 11th, 2020, and the pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide. COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which enters human target cells via angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We used a number of bioinformatics tools to computationally characterize ACE2 by determining its cell-specific expression in trachea, lung, and small intestine, derive its putative functions, and predict transcriptional regulation. The small intestine expressed higher levels of ACE2 mRNA than any other organ. By immunohistochemistry, duodenum, kidney and testis showed strong signals, whereas the signal was weak in the respiratory tract. Single cell RNA-Seq data from trachea indicated positive signals along the respiratory tract in key protective cell types including club, goblet, proliferating, and ciliary epithelial cells; while in lung the ratio of ACE2-expressing cells was low in all cell types (<2.6%), but was highest in vascular endothelial and goblet cells. Gene ontology analysis suggested that, besides its classical role in the renin-angiotensin system, ACE2 may be functionally associated with angiogenesis/blood vessel morphogenesis. Using a novel tool for the prediction of transcription factor binding sites we identified several putative binding sites within two tissue-specific promoters of the ACE2 gene as well as a new putative short form of ACE2. These include several interferon-stimulated response elements sites for STAT1, IRF8, and IRF9. Our results also confirmed that age and gender play no significant role in the regulation of ACE2 mRNA expression in the lung.
C Terminal Half Fragment (50 kDa) of Heavy Chain Components of <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> Type C and D Neurotoxins Can Be Used as an Effective Vaccine (2007)

Recombinant whole heavy chains (H, 100 kDa) and their N-terminal (Hn, 50 kDa) and C-terminal (Hc, 50 kDa) half fragments of Clostridium botulinum type C and D neurotoxins were expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. GST eliminated-preparations of H (10 microg), Hn (5 microg), Hc (5 microg), or a mixture of Hn (5 microg) and Hc (5 microg) of types C and D were mixed with an equal volume of adjuvant, and then were twice injected into mice subcutaneously. After immunization, the mice were challenged with up to 10(6) the minimum lethal doses (MLD)/0.5 ml of C or D toxin, the type of which was same as that of the immunogens. All of the mice immunized with antigens except for Hn survived against 10(5) to 10(6) MLD/0.5 ml of the toxins, but the mice immunized with Hn were killed by 100 MLD/0.5 ml. The mice immunized with a mixture of C-Hc and D-Hc, each 5 microg, also showed a high level of resistance against both C and D toxins. Antibody levels immunized with GST fused-or GST eliminatedpreparation were quite similar. These results indicate that recombinant GST-fused Hc can be used as a safe and effective vaccine for type C and D botulism in animals. It also became clear that one time inoculation with a large amount of C-Hc or D-Hc, 100 microg, is useful for vaccine trials in mice.
Influence of Calcium and Phosphorus, Lactose, and Salt-to-Moisture Ratio on Cheddar Cheese Quality: pH Buffering Properties of Cheese (2006)

The pH buffering capacity of cheese is an important determinant of cheese pH. However, the effects of different constituents of cheese on its pH buffering capacity have not been fully clarified. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical species and chemical equilibria that are responsible for the pH buffering properties of cheese. Eight cheeses with 2 levels of Ca and P (0.67 and 0.47% vs. 0.53 and 0.39%, respectively), residual lactose (2.4 vs. 0.78%), and salt-to-moisture ratio (6.4 vs. 4.8%) were manufactured. The pH-titration curves for these cheeses were obtained by titrating cheese:water (1:39 wt/wt) dispersions with 1 N HCl, and backtitrating with 1 N NaOH. To understand the role of different chemical equilibria and the respective chemical species in controlling the pH of cheese, pH buffering was modeled mathematically. The 36 chemical species that were found to be relevant for modeling can be classified as cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+), anions (phosphate, citrate, lactate), protein-bound amino acids with a side-chain pKa in the range of 3 to 9 (glutamate, histidine, serine phosphate, aspartate), metal ion complexes (phosphate, citrate, and lactate complexes of Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), and calcium phosphate precipitates. A set of 36 corresponding equations was solved to give the concentrations of all chemical species as a function of pH, allowing the prediction of buffering curves. Changes in the calculated species concentrations allowed the identification of the chemical species and chemical equilibria that dominate the pH buffering properties of cheese in different pH ranges. The model indicates that pH buffering in the pH range from 4.5 to 5.5 is predominantly due to a precipitate of Ca and phosphate, and the protonation equilibrium involving the side chains of protein-bound glutamate. In the literature, the precipitate is often referred to as amorphous colloidal calcium phosphate. A comparison of experimental data and model predictions shows that the buffering properties of the precipitate can be explained, assuming that it consists of hydroxyapatite [Ca5(OH)(PO4)3] or Ca3(PO4)2. The pH buffering in the region from pH 3.5 to 4.5 is due to protonation of side-chain carboxylates of protein-bound glutamate, aspartate, and lactate, in order of decreasing significance. In addition, pH buffering between pH 5 to 8 in the backtitration results from the reprecipitation of calcium and phosphate either as CaHPO4 or Ca4H(PO4)3.