gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced lithography parameters extraction by using scatterometry system (2007)

As the advanced IC device process shrinks to below sub-micron dimensions (65nm, 45 nm and beyond), the overall CD error budget becomes more and more challenging. The impact of lithography process parameters other than exposure energy and defocus on final CD results cannot be ignored any more. In this paper we continue the development of an advanced control system, which can be used to detect, classify and correct up to 5 lithography parameters. Sets of focus exposure matrix (FEM) models are first set up with different DOE process conditions split. And photoresist profiles of specially designed scatterometry CD mark are then fitted to models (Neural Network Model or standard polynomial model). Based on these calibrated models, not only exposure and defocus but also PEB temperature, lens aberration, etc. can be estimated. This approach utilizes information of resist CD, height, sidewall and feature type dependent bias to classify different lithography parameters and therefore can give very accurate estimation of lithography parameters like energy, focus, PEB, spherical aberration and coma aberration. The new approach does not need phase shift mask or other specially designed mask, so it can be used by most of mass production Fabs and used for process monitoring and matching on inline production wafer.
Biomedical Compounds from Marine organisms (2004)

The Ocean, which is called the ‘mother of origin of life’, is also the source of structurally unique natural products that are mainly accumulated in living organisms. Several of these compounds show pharmacological activities and are helpful for the invention and discovery of bioactive compounds, primarily for deadly diseases like cancer, acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS), arthritis, etc., while other compounds have been developed as analgesics or to treat inflammation, etc. The lifesaving drugs are mainly found abundantly in microorganisms, algae and invertebrates, while they are scarce in vertebrates. Modern technologies have opened vast areas of research for the extraction of biomedical compounds from oceans and seas.
Stop, thief! (2002)

Recently it came to my attention that I'm an inveterate thief: a depraved criminal without a conscience, unleashing a trail of cheating and larceny for over two decades. The scary part is, I'm not alone. You, gentle reader, are probably as corrupt as I, if not more. Our accuser, Mr. Jamie Kellner, chairman and CEO of Turner Broadcasting, made a clear and compelling case in a recent interview published in CableWorld.
Fast Acquisition for Transmitted Reference Ultra-Wideband Systems with Channelized Receiver (2006)

The acquisition performance of the channel- ized receiver for ultra-wideband (UWB) transmitted reference (TR) system is presented. Instead of sampling the received UWB signal with a single ADC as in a conventional fullband receiver, the channelized receiver digitizes with multiple slow ADCs, each of which samples a partial band of the UWB sig- nal. In this paper, we show that the frequency channelized receiver naturally leads to fast acquisition. In the channelized receiver, the reduced bandwidth in each subband widens the correlation peak, allowing the search increment to be corre- spondingly increased. Consequently, the search space in the channelized receiver is reduced, resulting in significantly faster acquisition time than in a fullband receiver.
Effects of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacology of Rivaroxaban (BAY 59-7939) - An Oral, Direct, Factor Xa Inhibitor. (2006)

Abstract Rivaroxaban (BAY 59-7939) is an oral, direct Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor in advanced clinical development for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. It has predictable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy subjects. Approximately 30% of rivaroxaban is excreted unchanged in the urine; therefore, renal excretion is an important route of elimination. This multicenter study was performed to evaluate the effect of renal impairment on the tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of a single oral 10 mg dose of rivaroxaban. Subjects (N=32) were allocated to one of four groups (matched by age and gender), based on calculated creatinine clearance (CrCL): ≥80 mL/min (control); 50–79 mL/min (mild impairment); 30–49 mL/min (moderate impairment); and <30 mL/min (severe impairment). Rivaroxaban was well tolerated; treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 62.5% of control subjects, and 12.5%, 12.5%, and 37.5% of those with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, respectively. All adverse events were mild to moderate in severity, and resolved by the end of the study. Decreased CrCL led to increased rivaroxaban plasma concentrations: AUC was 44%, 52%, and 64% higher in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, respectively, compared with control subjects (p<0.05); Cmax was relatively unaffected, and tmax was delayed in subjects with CrCL <50 mL/min (3 hours vs 2 hours for control). Renal clearance of rivaroxaban decreased with decreasing renal function; 29% of rivaroxaban was excreted via the urine in control subjects, compared with 20%, 13%, and 10% in those with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, respectively. The pharmacodynamic effects of rivaroxaban (inhibition of FXa activity and prolongation of prothrombin time [PT]) were increased with decreasing renal function. The AUC for inhibition of FXa activity increased by 50% (mild impairment), 86% (moderate impairment), and 100% (severe impairment) (p<0.01; Pearson’s correlation coefficient −0.49), and the AUC for prolongation of PT increased by 33%, 116%, and 144%, respectively (p<0.001; correlation −0.56), compared with control. The maximum effects (Emax) of rivaroxaban on inhibition of FXa activity or prolongation of PT did not differ to a relevant extent among the different groups. In conclusion, rivaroxaban plasma concentrations and, as a result, inhibition of FXa activity and prolongation of PT, are inversely correlated with CrCL. In phase II clinical studies of rivaroxaban, patients with mild or moderate renal impairment were included without dose adjustment. However, whether dose adjustment is necessary in patients with renal impairment will require investigation in future clinical trials.
Effect of 3D‐microstructure of bioabsorbable PGA:TMC scaffolds on the growth of chondrogenic cells (2008)

Various biomaterial scaffolds have been investigated for cartilage tissue engineering, although little attention has been paid to the effect of scaffold microstructure on tissue growth. Non-woven, fibrous, bioabsorbable scaffolds constructed from a copolymer of glycolide and trimethylene carbonate with varying levels of porosity and pore size were seeded with mesenchymal stroma cells with a chondrogenic lineage. Scaffolds and media were evaluated for both cell and extracellular matrix organization and content after up to 28 days of culture in a spinner flask. Analysis of DNA and glycosaminoglycan contents showed that the most porous of the three scaffold types, with a porosity of 81% and a porometry determined mean flow pore diameter of 54 microm, supported the most rapid proliferation of cells and accumulation of extracellular matrix. Analysis of the high porosity scaffold system, using Western Blot and immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of collagen type II and absence of collagen type I, and demonstrated cells with a chondrocyte morphology with aggrecan and collagen II accumulation attached to the scaffolds. It was concluded that the 3D-microstructural characteristics of the scaffold (interconnecting porosity and pore size) play an important role in proliferation and phenotype of chondrogenic cells and accumulation of extracellular matrix molecules.
Development of Toshiba L-Band Multi-Beam Klystron for European XFEL Project (2006)

A 10MW L-band Multi-Beam Klystron (MBK) is under development at Toshiba, Japan for the European XFEL and a future linear collider projects. The design goals are to have 10MW peak power with 65% efficiency at 1.5 ms pulse length at 10Hz repetition rates. The Toshiba MBK has six low-perveance beams operated at low voltage of 115kV (for 10MW) to enable a higher efficiency than a single-beam klystron for a similar power. The prototype-0 has been built and is now under testing. At the first step, it was tested without RF and operates stably at the cathode voltage of 115KV at 1.7ms pulse length at 10Hz repetition rate with beam transmission of better than 99%. No spurious oscillation was observed. The testing is now progressed with RF on. Up to date, the output power of 10.3MW has been demonstrated at the beam voltage of 115kV with efficiency of 68.4% at the RF pulse length of 1ms at 10Hz. The testing is under way to increase the RF pulse length to the goal value of 1.5ms. This paper summarizes the design and the testing results.
Structured light 2D range finder for simultaneous localization and map-building (SLAM) in home environments (2005)

Map building and localization of mobile robots is one of the keys to implementing autonomous navigation systems. Owing to the many efforts in the past decade it has proved that map building and localization simultaneously (SLAM, simultaneous localization and map-building) is possible both theoretically and practically. Features or landmarks obtained from sensor measurements are registered and associated in SLAM if they are sustainable and correctly matched ones. To have such features it is essential to use a sensor system that provides precise range measurements. Typical sensors for SLAM are such as laser range finder (LIDAR) or ultrasonic sensors. LIDARs provide very accurate and long range measurements while measurements from ultrasonic sensors are shorter and coarse due to cone shaped beam patterns. In this paper we propose a SLAM system using a structured light sensor to SLAM in home environment. The accuracy is less than that of LIDAR (10 cm at 3 meters), but measurements are very dense laterally so that a small corners, often existing in home environments, can be determined as feature points in 3 meters. We introduce the implemented system for home use and prove its efficacy by showing the SLAM experimental results.
Antifilarial agents. Diazabicyclooctanes and diazabicycloheptanes as bridged analogs of diethylcarbamazine (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntifilarial agents. Diazabicyclooctanes and diazabicycloheptanes as bridged analogs of diethylcarbamazinePriscilla A. Sturm, David W. Henry, P. E. Thompson, J. B. Zeigler, and J. W. McCallCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 5, 481–487Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00251a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00251a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views490Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanoemulsions: A New Vehicle for Chemical Additive Delivery (2007)

Abstract Nano-emulsions are emulsions where the droplet size of the internal phase is 500 nm or less. Because of the small drop size, they are not subject to gravity-driven separation owing to the density differences of the two phases. Nano-emulsions constitute a rapidly expanding field of study, with perceived or consolidated applications to drug delivery, cosmetics, food products, etc. To date, most processes for generating nano-emulsions have relied on brute force mechanical methods (ie., based on high mixing energy in order to overcome the high surface energy generated), including several developed for the E&P industry. These generate nano-emulsions with a broad droplet size distribution and, in general, limited stability. While low energy processes based on phase inversion are well-known, the lack of general preparation methods has limited their applications to specific, high value-added industries. We report a general, transitional phase inversion method for the preparation of mono-disperse nano-emulsions of very small drop size (30-80 nm) which should prove useful for the delivery of oilfield chemicals in a variety of applications. The nano-emulsions possess very long lifetimes and can be charged with one or more oilfield chemicals. Parameters governing nano-emulsion formation and their properties and stability are reported. Nano-emulsions containing oilfield chemicals may find applications to well treatments (scale inhibition, acidizing, etc.), flow assurance (eg., multiple additive packages), and deposit removal/clean-up. Their long-term stability and ease of preparation from a concentrated precursor are compatible with oilfield logistics requirements.
Cardiac cone‐beam CT (2005)

This doctoral thesis addresses imaging of the heart with retrospectively gated helical cone‐beam computed tomography (CT). A thorough review of the CT reconstruction literature is presented in combination with a historic overview of cardiac CT imaging and a brief introduction to other cardiac imaging modalities. The thesis includes a comprehensive chapter about the theory of CT reconstruction, familiarizing the reader with the problem of cone‐beam reconstruction. The anatomic and dynamic properties of the heart are outlined and techniques to derive the gating information are reviewed. With the extended cardiac reconstruction (ECR) framework, a new approach is presented for the heart‐rate‐adaptive gated helical cardiac cone‐beam CT reconstruction. Reconstruction assessment criteria such as the temporal resolution, the homogeneity in terms of the cardiac phase, and the smoothness at cycle‐to‐cycle transitions are developed. Several reconstruction optimization approaches are described: An approach for the heart‐rate‐adaptive optimization of the temporal resolution is presented. Streak artifacts at cycle‐to‐cycle transitions can be minimized by using an improved cardiac weighting scheme. The optimal quiescent cardiac phase for the reconstruction can be determined automatically with the motion map technique. Results for all optimization procedures applied to ECR are presented and discussed based on patient and phantom data. The ECR algorithm is analyzed for larger detector arrays of future cone‐beam systems throughout an extensive simulation study based on a four‐dimensional cardiac CT phantom. The results of the scientific work are summarized and an outlook proposing future directions is given. The presented thesis is available for public download at www.cardiac‐ct.net.
TCAM for IP-Address Lookup Using Tree-style AND-type Match Lines and Segmented Search Lines (2006)

Tree-style AND-type match-line and segmented search-line schemes cooperatively improve TCAM speed and energy efficiency for applications like IP-address lookup in a network router. Fabricated in a 0.13μm process, the TCAM achieves 1.10ns search time with 0.348 fJ/b/search
The use of barbed sutures in obstetrics and gynecology. (2010)

Despite the multitude of different procedures performed with a host of different wound closure biomaterials, no study or surgeon has yet identified the perfect suture for all situations. In recent years, a new class of suture material—barbed suture—has been introduced into the surgeon’s armamentarium. This review focuses on barbed suture to better understand the role of this newer material in obstetrics and gynecology.
Open inflation in the landscape (2011)

The open inflation scenario is attracting a renewed interest in the context of the string landscape. Since there are a large number of metastable de Sitter vacua in the string landscape, tunneling transitions to lower metastable vacua through the bubble nucleation occur quite naturally, which leads to a natural realization of open inflation. Although the deviation of ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{0}$ from unity is small by the observational bound, we argue that the effect of this small deviation on the large-angle CMB anisotropies can be significant for tensor-type perturbation in the open inflation scenario. We consider the situation in which there is a large hierarchy between the energy scale of the quantum tunneling and that of the slow-roll inflation in the nucleated bubble. If the potential just after tunneling is steep enough, a rapid-roll phase appears before the slow-roll inflation. In this case the power spectrum is basically determined by the Hubble rate during the slow-roll inflation. On the other hand, if such a rapid-roll phase is absent, the power spectrum keeps the memory of the high energy density there in the large angular components. Furthermore, the amplitude of large angular components can be enhanced due to the effects of the wall fluctuation mode if the bubble wall tension is small. Therefore, although even the dominant quadrupole component is suppressed by the factor $(1\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{0}{)}^{2}$, one can construct some models in which the deviation of ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{0}$ from unity is large enough to produce measurable effects. We also consider a more general class of models, where the false vacuum decay may occur due to Hawking-Moss tunneling, as well as the models involving more than one scalar field. We discuss scalar perturbations in these models and point out that a large set of such models is already ruled out by observational data, unless there was a very long stage of slow-roll inflation after the tunneling. These results show that observational data allow us to test various assumptions concerning the structure of the string theory potentials and the duration of the last stage of inflation.
Segmentation and broad classification of continuous speech (2003)

Describes an algorithm that performs speaker-independent segmentation and broad classification of continuous speech. The algorithm is implemented as a set of knowledge sources that apply rules to speech parameters to locate segment boundaries and assign broad category labels to the resulting segments. The output of the algorithm is a network of segments with broad category labels. The structure of the algorithm, the manner in which acoustic phonetic knowledge is applied, and the performance of the algorithm on 200 utterances produced by 50 speakers is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Research on Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Based on Improved Deep Residual Network (2021)

Rolling bearings are the most fault-prone parts in rotating machinery. In order to find faults in time and reduce losses, this paper presents an intelligent diagnosis method for rolling bearings. At present, the deep residual network (RESNET) is the most widely used convolutional neural network (CNN) and has become one of the hotspots in fault diagnosis. However, the fully connected layer of the deep residual network has the disadvantage of too many training parameters, which makes the model training and testing time longer. So, we proposed a new network structure which the global average pooling (GAP) technology replaces the fully connected layer part of the traditional RESNET. It effectively solves the problem of too many parameters of the traditional RESNET model, and uses data enhancement, dropout, and other deep learning training techniques to prevent the model from overfitting. Experiments show that the accuracy of fault diagnosis of the improved algorithm reaches 99.83%, training time has been shortened. Also, the whole process of rolling bearing fault detection does not need any manually extract features, and this “end-to-end” algorithm has good versatility and operability.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Statins in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (2011)

Although short-term cardiovascular outcomes were better in the lipophilic-statin group, 1-year outcomes were similar in patients with AMI who were administered hydrophilic and lipophilic statins. In other words, the type of statin did not influence 1-year outcomes in patients with AMI.
Tossing and Turning: Guests in the Flexible Frameworks of Metal(III) Dicarboxylates (2008)

Single crystals of Ga(OH)(C(8)H(4)O(4)).0.74C(8)H(6)O(4) (2) and Ga(OH,F)(C(8)H(4)O(4)).0.74C(8)H(6)O(4) (3) were obtained under hydrothermal conditions. The structures of 2 and 3 have the same topological framework as the previously reported aluminum 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (BDC), Al(OH)(C(8)H(4)O(4)).0.7C(8)H(6)O(4) (1). The frameworks are built by interconnecting M-OH-M chains (M = Al, Ga) with BDC anions to form large diamond-shaped one-dimensional channels filled with additional H(2)BDC guest molecules occupying disordered positions in the channels. Upon removal of H(2)BDC, other guest molecules such as H(2)O and pyridine can be inserted. In this work, we present a study of the intercalation of aromatic guests (BDC and pyridine) into frameworks of 1-3 by liquid and vapor diffusion into the empty channels of 1 and by single-crystal-to-single-crystal solvothermal guest exchange for 2 and 3. In the case of Al(OH)BDC and Ga(OH,F)BDC, two interconvertible, guest-concentration-dependent phases with different orientations of the pyridine guests have been observed, while only one pyridine orientation is found in Ga(OH)BDC.