gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subcellular IR Imaging of a Metal–Carbonyl Moiety Using Photothermally Induced Resonance (2010)

Some like it hot! The photothermally induced resonance technique, in which an AFM microscope is coupled to a tunable pulsed IR laser, allows IR mapping and gives access to local IR spectra at the subcellular level. A metal–carbonyl compound was internalized in cells and detected in the cell nucleus thanks to its IR signature. The local IR spectrum at the nucleus showed the characteristic IR bands of the {Re(CO)3} unit. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
和声与动机的联系以及“不协和音的解放”（《20世纪的音乐》第二章） (2004)

美国南加州大学音乐史学系主任B·西姆斯博士(B·Simms)1986年出版了一本书《20世纪的音乐——风格与结构》。该书的前三章集中论述了20世纪西方以调性发展为中心的和声语言演化过程以及作曲大师们在这场变革中各自的实践，并提出一些重要的新概念。这里发表的是该书的第二章(第一章——《过渡时期的调性》在本刊2003年第3期已发表)。
In Defense of Privative Ambiguity (1984)

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 141-156
Channel-Opening Kinetics of GluR6 Kainate Receptor (2003)

GluR6 is an ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit of the kainate subtype. It plays an essential role in synaptic plasticity and epilepsy. We expressed this recombinant receptor in HEK-293 cells and characterized the glutamate-induced channel-opening reaction, using a laser-pulse photolysis technique with the caged glutamate (gamma-O-(alpha-carboxy-2-nitrobenzyl)glutamate). This technique permits glutamate to be liberated photolytically from the caged glutamate with a time constant of approximately 30 micros. Prior to laser photolysis, the caged glutamate did not activate the GluR6 channel, nor did it inhibit or potentiate the glutamate response. At the transmembrane voltage of -60 mV, pH 7.4 and 22 degrees C, the channel-opening and -closing rate constants were determined to be (1.1 +/- 0. 4) x 10(4) and (4.2 +/- 0.2) x 10(2) s(-1), respectively. The intrinsic dissociation constant of glutamate and the channel-opening probability were found to be 450 +/- 200 microM and 0.96, respectively. These constants are derived from a minimal kinetic mechanism of the channel activation involving the binding of two glutamate molecules. This mechanism describes the time course of the open-channel form of the receptor as a function of glutamate concentration. On the basis of the channel-opening rate constants obtained, the shortest rise time (20-80% of the receptor current response) or the fastest time by which the GluR6Q channel can open is predicted to be 120 micros. The open-channel form of the receptor determines the transmembrane voltage change, which in turn controls synaptic signal transmission between two neurons. The comparison of the channel-opening kinetic rate constants between GluR6Q and GluR2Q(flip), reported in the companion paper, suggests that at a glutamate concentration of 100 microM, for instance, the integrated neuronal signal will be dominated by a slower GluR6Q receptor response, as compared to the GluR2Q(flip) component.
Pelleting vegetable seeds: Effect on germination and rate of emergence on some seeds (1948)

Small, round or irregularly shaped seeds can be covered with a coating of inert material and built up into pellets almost spherical in shape and containing a single seed each.
50 nm vertical surround gate MOSFET with S-factor of 75mV/dec (2002)

Vertical MOSFETs (VMOS) have the potential to improve short channel effects and to increase the integration density. Vertical replacement-gate (VRG) MOSFETs with 50 nm channel length on 300 nm Si wall and vertical sub-100 nm MOSFETs on MBE Si island by electric field tailing have been reported. In this paper, we report the fabrication and device characteristics along with simulation results of fully depleted vertical MOSFETs.
The implementation of serial communication technology in the vehicle alcohol lock (2011)

This paper mainly discusses the upper machine control on the alcohol detection system in the vehicle alcohol lock which can prevent cheating. This system makes use of MSComm(microsoft communications control) to achieve the serial communication between the PC and the PLC. Firstly, the paper describes the modules of the vehicle alcohol lock and its principle. Secondly, we discuss the implementation of the serial communication. Finally, we combine it with the program modules to structure the system based on the difference detection of image by OpenCV. Then we test results of the communication system. We apply the communication protocol between PC and PLC to test by using test assistant. And the results show that the machine can achieve communication between the upper machine and the lower machine.
Lateral SCR devices with low-voltage high-current triggering characteristics for output ESD protection in submicron CMOS technology (1998)

A high-current PMOS-trigger lateral SCR (HIPTSCR) device and a high-current NMOS-trigger lateral SCR (HINTSCR) device with a lower trigger voltage but a higher trigger current are proposed to improve ESD robustness of CMOS output buffer in submicron CMOS technology. The lower trigger voltage is achieved by inserting short-channel thin-oxide PMOS or NMOS devices into the lateral SCR structures. The higher trigger current is achieved by inserting the bypass diodes into the structures of the HIPTSCR and HINTSCR devices. These HIPTSCR and HINTSCR devices have a lower trigger voltage to effectively protect the output transistors in the ESD-stress conditions, but they also have a higher trigger current to avoid the unexpected triggering due to the electrical noise on the output pad when the CMOS ICs are in the normal operating conditions. Experimental results have verified that the trigger current of the proposed HIPTSCR (HINTSCR) is increased up to 225.5 mA (218.5 mA). But, the trigger voltage of the HIPTSCR (HINTSCR) remains at a lower value of 13.4 V (11.6 V). The noise margin against the overshooting (undershooting) voltage pulse on the output pad, without accidentally triggering on the HINTSCR (HIPTSCR), can be greater than VDD+12 V (VSS -12 V). These HIPTSCR and HINTSCR devices have been practically used to protect CMOS output buffers with a 4000-V (700-V) HEM (MM) ESD robustness but only within a small layout area of 37.6/spl times/60 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ in a standard 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS technology without extra process modification.
Consumption of Boiled, but Not Grilled, Roasted, or Barbecued Beef Modifies the Urinary Metabolite Profiles in Rats (2022)

Urinary metabolite profiles of rats fed boiled beef are clearly distinct from those of rats fed with raw, grilled, roasted, or barbecued beef. The specific metabolites include the products of non-digested proteins and may be useful as potential intake biomarkers of this meat cooking method.
Measuring contrast sensitivity (2013)

Contrast sensitivity defines the threshold between the visible and invisible, which has obvious significance for basic and clinical vision science. Fechner's 1860 review reported that threshold contrast is 1% for a remarkably wide range of targets and conditions. While printed charts are still in use, computer testing is becoming more popular because it offers efficient adaptive measurement of threshold for a wide range of stimuli. Both basic and clinical studies usually want to know fundamental visual capability, regardless of the observer's subjective criterion. Criterion effects are minimized by the use of an objective task: multiple-alternative forced-choice detection or identification. Having many alternatives reduces the guessing rate, which makes each trial more informative, so fewer trials are needed. Finally, populations who may experience crowding or target confusion should be tested with one target at a time.
Degree of charge transfer in organic conductors by infrared absorption spectroscopy (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDegree of charge transfer in organic conductors by infrared absorption spectroscopyJ. S. Chappell, A. N. Bloch, W. A. Bryden, M. Maxfield, T. O. Poehler, and D. O. CowanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 9, 2442–2443Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00399a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00399a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2531Altmetric-Citations504LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Composition Control in the Growth of Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 by the Reaction of Cu-In-Ga PRECURSORS in H2Se and H2S (2006)

The two-reaction selenization/sulfization of metallic Cu-ln-Ga precursors is a commercially viable process for the manufacture of Cu(InGa)(SeS) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films. In this work, the reaction pathways in single-reaction selenization and sulfization processes are studied, as well as composition profile development in two-reaction processes. Sputter-deposited precursor films were annealed at 450degC to characterize the starting intermetallic composition, or reacted in either H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Se or H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S at 450degC to observe changes in phase composition as the reaction progressed. The key observation was the formation of an initial Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sub> (In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.64</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.36 </sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> intermetallic that is depleted incongruently to form Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> during selenization, and Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sub> In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sub> during sulfization. In studying the two-reaction selenization/sulfization process, a 2times2 matrix of reaction times was examined. Samples were selenized for either 15 or 30 minutes at 450degC, followed by sulfization at 550degC for either 15 or 30 minutes. Samples selenized for 15 minutes exhibited uniform Ga through the depth of the film, while those selenized for 30 minutes exhibited the commonly observed back-contact Ga accumulation
Liquid Crystallinity in Relation to Composition and Temperature in Amphiphilic Systems (1971)

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to give a broad review of the “fused” type of liquid crystalline phases formed by amphiphilic compounds and to examine the constitutional relationships of these phases to one another and to the amorphous liquid phase. Further, an account will be given of how, on changes in composition and temperature, the various phases undergo reversible interconversions through first-order phase transitions. It will be shown how these transitions follow a regular pattern which, qualitatively, can be satisfactorily interpreted on a molecular basis.
Marrying click chemistry with polymerization: expanding the scope of polymeric materials (2009)

Click chemistry constitutes a class of reactions broadly characterized by efficiency, selectivity, and tolerance to a variety of solvents and functional groups. By far the most widely utilized of these efficient transformation reactions is the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. This reaction has been creatively employed to facilitate the preparation of complex macromolecules, such as multiblock copolymers, shell or core cross-linked micelles, and dendrimers. This critical review highlights the application of click chemistry, in particular the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, to the synthesis of a wide variety of new materials with possible uses as drug delivery agents, tissue engineering scaffolds, and dispersible nanomaterials (83 references).
Assessment of cardiopulmonary responses and anesthetic quality during sevoflurance-based intravenous and inhalation combined anesthesia in juvenile minipigs (2012)

Pigs are important animal models in veterinary and medical research and have been widely used in experiments requiring surgical anesthesia[1,2].The aim of this study was to assess cardiac,hemodynamic and respiratory responses during propofol-sevoflurane intravenous and inhalant combined approach after premedication with ShumianningⅡand evaluate the quality of anesthesia and recovery in minipigs.1 Materials and Methods
Iterative decoding of generalized low-density parity-check codes (2002)

A generalization of Gallager's low-density parity-check codes is introduced, where as component codes single-error correcting Hamming codes are used instead of single-error detecting parity-check codes. Low-density (LD) parity-check codes were first introduced by Gallager in 1963. These codes are, in combination with iterative decoding, very promising for achieving low error probabilities at a reasonable cost. Results of computer simulations for long LD codes show, that a performance close to the Shannon capacity limit can be achieved. In this work, we consider a generalized version of low-density parity-check codes, where the decoding procedure can be based on the decoding of Hamming component codes.
Milk Production Response to Feeding Methionine Hydroxy Analog to Lactating Dairy Cows (1968)

While feeding a hydroxy methionine analog as a preventative for bovine ketosis, data were collected which indicated the analog had a stimulatory effect on milk production. Forty-two dairy cows representing four herds were divided into three treatment groups: a control and groups receiving 40 and 80 g of analog per day. Although no cow of any group evidenced ketosis, results of feeding the hydroxy methionine analog indicated a significant (P < .01) stimulatory effect on milk production. Not all breeds responded in the same manner, as evidenced by a significant (P < .01) breed X treatment interaction.
Pulmonary ultrasound elastography: a feasibility study with phantoms and ex-vivo tissue (2013)

Elastography has become widely used for minimally invasive diagnosis in many tumors as seen with breast, liver and prostate. Among different modalities, ultrasound-based elastography stands out due to its advantages including being safe, real-time, and relatively low-cost. While lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality among both men and women, the use of ultrasound elastography for lung cancer diagnosis has hardly been investigated due to the limitations of ultrasound in air. In this work, we investigate the use of static-compression based endobronchial ultrasound elastography by a 3D trans-oesophageal echocardiography (TEE) transducer for lung cancer diagnosis. A water-filled balloon was designed to 1) improve the visualization of endobronchial ultrasound and 2) to induce compression via pumping motion inside the trachea and bronchiole. In a phantom study, we have successfully generated strain images indicating the stiffness difference between the gelatin background and agar inclusion. A similar strain ratio was confirmed with Philips ultrasound strain-based elastography product. For ex-vivo porcine lung study, different tissue ablation methods including chemical injection, Radio Frequency (RF) ablation, and direct heating were implemented to achieve tumor-mimicking tissue. Stiff ablated lung tissues were obtained and detected with our proposed method. These results suggest the feasibility of pulmonary elastography to differentiate stiff tumor tissue from normal tissue.
Is Surgical Morbidity Decreased With Minimally Invasive Lobectomy? (2011)

Non-small cell lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in molecular characterization and targeted and adjuvant therapies, surgical resection remains the mainstay of curative treatment. Minimally invasive video-assisted thoracic surgery techniques, in particular video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy, are being increasingly utilized and championed over traditional thoracotomy approaches in the treatment of localized non-small cell lung cancer for the reported benefits of lower operative morbidity, accelerated postoperative recovery, and oncological equivalence. This article reviews the available literature comparing surgical outcomes of minimally invasive versus traditional open lobectomy with an emphasis on differences in surgical morbidity.
Electrochemical Pumping of DMF Electrolyte Solutions across Membranes (2004)

Electrolysis of (dimethylformamide) (DMF) solutions containing tetraalkylammonium iodide salts and dissolved iodine in a two-compartment cell separated by a Nafion membrane results in transfer of solution volume between the two compartments. The pumping process was reversible and the rate, which ranged from 20 to 50 μL/min, was controlled by the cell current. The volume of solution pumped was significantly greater than what is predicted from the apparent molar volumes of the species involved in the electrolysis and from the charge passed. The additional volume is attributed to migration-assisted solvent flow across the membrane separator. Comparison of pumping results for a series of Nafion materials indicated that the solvent flow was related to the number of solvent molecules per ion-exchange site in the membrane. Pumping occurred with and against small external pressures up to 0.1 atm. Analysis of apparent molar ionic volumes indicates that the electrode reaction, contributes little to the observed volume change. Instead, the pumping is associated almost entirely with the apparent molar ionic volume of tetraalkylammonium ions and migration-assisted flow of DMF. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
TPS: a time-based positioning scheme for outdoor wireless sensor networks (2004)

We present a novel time-based positioning scheme (TPS) for efficient location discovery in outdoor sensor networks. TPS relies on TDoA (time-difference-of-arrival) of RF signals measured locally at a sensor to detect range differences from the sensor to three base stations. These range differences are averaged over multiple beacon intervals before they are combined to estimate the sensor location through trilateration. A nice feature of this positioning scheme is that it is purely localized: sensors independently compute their positions. We present a statistical analysis of the performance of TPS in noisy environments. We also identify possible sources of position errors with suggested measures to mitigate them. Our scheme requires no time synchronization in the network and minimal extra hardware in sensor construction. TPS induces no communication overhead for sensors, as they listen to three beacon signals passively during each beacon interval. The computation overhead is low, as the location detection algorithm involves only simple algebraic operations over scalar values. TPS is not adversely affected by increasing network size or density and thus offers scalability. We conduct extensive simulations to test the performance of TPS when TDoA measurement errors are normally distributed or uniformly distributed. The obtained results show that TPS is an effective scheme for outdoor sensor self-positioning.
Prevalence and severity of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a population‐based study on very elderly Finns (Vantaa 85+) (2011)

CAA was highly prevalent, albeit mild, in the very old. The prevalence and severity of CAA were found to be highest in the frontal and parietal lobes respectively - independent of the staining method used (Congo red or amyloid beta peptide).
Multiple isolates and characteristics of human T-cell leukemia virus type II (1992)

Human T-cell leukemia (or lymphotropic) virus type II (HTLV-II) was isolated from eight HTLV-seropositive patients, six of whom were also infected with human immunodeficiency virus, by cocultivation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with BJAB, a continuous B-cell line. Restriction endonuclease mapping of the proviruses demonstrated consistent differences among isolates, and two distinct physical map patterns were observed. The results suggest the existence of two closely related molecular subtypes of HTLV-II, which are tentatively designated HTLV-IIa and HTLV-IIb. This finding was supported by preliminary nucleotide sequence analysis of the env gene region encoding the transmembrane glycoprotein gp21, which showed consistent differences between the two proposed virus subtypes. Exploitation of differences in restriction endonuclease sites allowed polymerase chain reaction amplification to detect and differentiate the two subtypes in fresh PBMCs of HTLV-seropositive intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs). The results of these studies confirm that HTLV-II infection is the prominent HTLV infection in seropositive IVDAs and also show that infection with both subtypes occurs. The finding of genetic heterogeneity in the HTLV-II group of viruses may have important implications for studies on its role in human disease and will be useful in characterizing the viruses present in newly discovered endemic foci in New World indigenous populations.
Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography with LED-Phosphor-Based Broadband Light Source (2013)

This study proposed and demonstrated the potential use of LED phosphors as a simple light source for ultrahigh-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in the visible regime. Excited by a 405 nm diode laser, broadband spontaneous emission from three different LED phosphors was generated. The best axial resolution was 1.7 µm in air, and finally, corresponding three-dimensional (3D) ultrahigh-resolution SD-OCT imaging was performed with the proposed broadband light source.