gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical properties and electric field-induced antiferroelectric–ferroelectric phase transition in Nd3+-doped lead strontium zirconate titanate ceramics (2003)

Undoped and 1–3 at. % Nd3+-doped lead strontium zirconate titanate ceramics, which were located near the tetragonal antiferroelectric (AFE) and rhombohedral ferroelectric (FE) phase boundary, were prepared by tape casting and sintering. The influence of the electric field-induced AFE to FE phase transition on the piezoelectric and strain behavior was studied. Attempts were made to increase the field-induced strain by Nd3+ doping and its effect on the dielectric properties. Room temperature resistivity was also measured and explained by the defects produced. An in situ x-ray diffraction technique was developed for direct observation of the unit cell dimensions associated with the field-induced AFE to FE phase transition. The results indicated that a change in unit cell volume was responsible for the large field-induced strain associated with the AFE–FE phase transition.
Some Applications of Field Plotting (1946)

By the process of field-plotting in the cross-section of a uniform transmission line, an orthogonal field pattern of curvilinear squares satisfying the boundary conditions is obtained. If Nv is a number of voltage steps and Nf the number of electrostatic flux lines in this field plot, the characteristic impedance is given byZ = 377Nv/Nf√μ/kwhere μ is the permeability, and K is the permittivity.Applications to coupling and screening are also considered.The use of models in an electrolytic tank for capacitance determination from field plots or direct measurement is discussed, and an axially symmetrical three-dimensional field is plotted. Mention is made of the relaxation process and rubber-sheet methods of field-plotting.
Methods for the establishment of intracellular associations of L‐forms with higher plants (1991)

Procedures for inducing viable intracellular associations between the L‐forms of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola and French dwarf bean, Phaseolus vulgaris , are described. It is suggested that this model system is a basis for more general application.
Antipsychotic Drugs and the Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmia and/or Sudden Cardiac Death: A Nation‐wide Case‐Crossover Study (2015)

Use of antipsychotic drugs is associated with an increased risk of VA and/or SCD. Careful evaluations of the risks and benefits of antipsychotic treatment are highly recommended.
Effect of Route of Administration on the Pharmacokinetic Behavior of Enantiomers of Nefopam and Desmethylnefopam (2003)

Nefopam hydrochloride is a non-narcotic analgesic used parenterally and orally as a racemic mixture for the relief of postoperative pain. However, no information is presently available on the oral kinetics of (+) and (-) nefopam in humans. Also, nefopam is metabolized by N-demethylation but it is not known whether the desmethylnefopam enantiomers (DES1 and DES2) are present in plasma following intravenous (I.V.) or oral administration of parent drug. To address these issues, 24 healthy white male subjects received two treatments using a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design: oral administration of 20 mg nefopam hydrochloride solution or a placebo solution on a sugar cube, simultaneously with a continuous infusion of 20 mg nefopam hydrochloride or placebo infusion. A chiral assay using LC-MS was developed for the simultaneous determination of both enantiomers of the parent drug and its metabolite in plasma and urine. Following I.V. administration, the kinetics of (+) and (-) nefopam could be fitted to a bi-exponential equation but exhibited no stereoselectivity. Both enantiomers had large clearances (53.7 and 57.5 L/hr) and volumes of distribution (390 and 381 L) and half-lives around 5 hours. Following oral administration, (+) and (-) nefopam were rapidly absorbed with bioavailabilities of 44% and 42%, respectively, probably due to a first-pass effect. After I.V. administration, the enantiomers of desmethylnefopam exhibited lower concentrations and longer half-lives (20.0 h for DES1 and 25.3 h for DES2) relative to nefopam enantiomers. Following oral administration, desmethylnefopam enantiomers' plasma concentrations peaked earlier and higher than after I.V. administration (P < 0.05). Following I.V. and oral administration, desmethylnefopam enantiomers showed stereoselectivity in AUC and Cmax values. Urinary excretion of parent and metabolite enantiomers was less than 5% of dose. This study shows that desmethylnefopam enantiomers can contribute to the analgesic effect of racemic nefopam only when it is administered orally.
Detecting Poor Cement Bonding and Zonal Isolation Problems Using Magnetic Cement Slurries (2017)

Abstract There has been growing interest in the use of magnetorheological fluids to improve displacement efficiency of fluids (drilling fluids, spacer fluids, cement slurries) in the eccentric casing annuli. When magnetic particles are mixed with the cement slurry for improved displacement, they provide an excellent opportunity for sensing the presence and quality of cement in the annulus. This work focuses on using sophisticated 3D computational electromagnetics to simulate the use of a magnetic cement slurry for well cement monitoring. The main goal is to develop a new tool, which is capable of locating magnetic cement slurry that is placed behind a stainless steel casing. An electromagnetic coil was used to generate a magnetic field inside the borehole. It was found that when a current was passed through the electric coils, magnetic field lines passed through the stainless steel casing, the cement annulus and the rock formation. Three sensors were placed inside the cased borehole and the magnetic field strength variations were observed at these locations. Various factors that have a significant influence on zonal isolation were considered. These include, effect of debonding between casing and cement annulus, effect of changing annuli thickness, influence of a fracture in the rock formation, effect of changing magnetic permeability of cement and finally influence of annuli eccentricity. Based on the results shown in the paper along with the next generation of supersensitive magnetic sensors that are being developed, the magnetic approach appears to be a viable alternative for evaluating the quality of the cement annulus to ensure good zonal isolation.
Evaluation of Changes in Trabecular Bone Architecture and Mechanical Properties of Minipig Vertebrae by Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Microimaging and Finite Element Modeling (2000)

The study objective was to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) trabecular architecture and mechanical properties in vertebral specimens of young and mature Sinclair minipigs to assess the relative contribution of architecture to bone strength. We used 3D magnetic resonance microimaging (MRmicroI) and direct image analysis to evaluate a set of standard structural measurements and new architectural descriptors of trabecular bone in biopsy specimens from L2, L3, and L4 vertebrae (n = 16 in each group) from young (mean age, 1.2 years) and mature (mean age, 4.8 years) minipigs. The measurements included bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), marrow star volume (Ma.St.V), connectivity density (ConnD), and two new parameters, percent platelike trabeculae (% plate) and percent bone in the load direction (% boneLD). The % plate, calculated from surface curvature, allowed the delineation of plates from rods. The % boneLD quantified the percentage of bone oriented along the long axis of the vertebral body. We showed that 3D MRmicroI can detect the subtle changes in trabecular architecture between the two age groups. ConnD, star volume, % plate, % boneLD, and BV/TV were found to be more effective than the model-based, derived indices (trabecular thickness [Tb.Th], trabecular separation [Tb.Sp], and trabecular number [Tb.N]) in differentiating the structural changes. BV/TV, % plate, and % boneLD significantly increased (p < 0.05) in all three vertebral sites of the mature minipigs. The significant decrease in ConnD and star volume in the mature vertebra was consistent with the concurrent increase of platelike trabecular bone (p < 0.05). Overall, ConnD, star volume, % plate, and % boneLD provided a coherent picture of the architectural changes between the two age groups. Apparent modulus and maximum stress were determined experimentally on biopsy specimens from L2 vertebrae (n = 16). When apparent modulus was predicted using 3D MRmicroI data sets as input for finite element modeling (FEM), the results were similar to the experimentally determined apparent modulus (p = 0.12). Both methods were then used to compare the young and the mature animals; the experimental and predicted apparent modulus were significantly higher for the mature group (p = 0.003 and 0.012, respectively). The experimental maximum stress in the vertebra of the mature animals was twice as high as that for the young animals (p = 0.006). Bone quantity (BV/TV or bone mineral content [BMC]) alone could explain approximately 74-85% of the total variability in stress and modulus. The inclusion of either ConnD or % boneLD with BV/TV in a multiple regression analysis significantly improved the predictability of maximum stress, indicating that architecture makes additional contributions to compressive strength in normal minipig vertebra.
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Core Is an Intrinsically Disordered Protein That Binds RNA (2007)

Pestiviruses, including bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), are important animal pathogens and close relatives of hepatitis C virus. Pestivirus particles are composed of an RNA genome, a host-derived lipid envelope, and four virion-encoded structural proteins, core (C), E(rns), E1, and E2. Core is a small, highly basic polypeptide that is processed by three enzymatic cleavages before its incorporation into virions. Little is known about its biological properties or its role in virion assembly and structure. We have purified BVDV core protein and characterized it biochemically. We have determined that the processed form of core lacks significant secondary structure and is instead intrinsically disordered. Consistent with its highly basic sequence, we observed that core binds to RNA, although with low affinity and little discernible specificity. We found that BVDV core protein was able to functionally replace the nonspecific RNA binding and condensing region of an unrelated viral capsid protein. Together these results suggest that the in vitro properties of core may reflect its mechanism of action in RNA packaging and virion morphogenesis.
Near‐Infrared Analysis as a Rapid Method to Simultaneously Evaluate Several Soil Properties (1995)

Abstract The near infrared analysis (NIRA) approach was studied to examine its capability for predicting spectral feature soil properties from the reflectance curves in the near infrared (NIR) region (1–2.5 µm) of arid and semiarid soils. High‐resolution diffuse reflectance spectra (3113 spectral points) in the NIR region were recorded for 91 soil samples from Israel. Six soil properties (clay content, specific surface area, cation‐exchange capacity, hygroscopic moisture, carbonate content, and organic matter content) were measured by routine methods employed in soil laboratories. An empirical model to predict each property from its spectral signature was developed by adapting the NIRA technique. Several data manipulations were used to obtain optimum performance. The optimum performance of all properties was found to be between 25 and 63 spectral points. Strong support for the NIRA capability was provided by its ability to examine most of the spectral assignments. A slight bias was observed for the prediction of both organic matter and hygroscopic moisture, suggesting that more attention in the prediction of these constituents is required. It was concluded that NIRA is a promising method for rapid and nonrestrictive analysis of soil materials, and further study of the synergism between NIRA and soil materials is recommended.
A unified approach to acoustical reflection imaging (1992)

A discrete theory is proposed that represents acoustical reflection measurements in terms of a so-called data matrix. One column of the data matrix is related to one source position; one row is related to one detector position. In the proposed theory, the data matrix is expressed in a sequence of matrix operators. Those operators quantify the physical processes of emission, downward propagation, reflection, upward propagation, and detection in inhomogeneous media. The concept of optimum ‘‘illumination’’ is introduced. Using the matrix formulation, it is shown how to design an experiment that is optimum for a specific target area. The imaging process is formulated in terms of double inversion: one inversion for the downward propagation operator and one inversion for the upward propagation operator. It is shown that double focusing (in emission and in detection) represents an economic version of the double inversion process. The proposed theory is pre-eminently suited to discuss imaging technology on a conceptual level.
Simulation of Achievable Data Rates of Broadband Power Line Communication for Smart Metering (2019)

Building real Smart Metering and Smart Grid networks is very expensive and time-consuming and also it is impossible to install different technologies in the same environment only for comparison. Therefore, simulation and experimental pilot measurements are an easy, economical, and time-affordable solution for a first comparison and evaluation of different technologies and solutions. The local area networks (LAN) are the core of Smart Metering and Smart Grid networks. The two predominant technologies are mostly sufficient for LAN networks, Power Line Communication (PLC), and radio frequency (RF) solutions. For PLC it is hard to allow prediction of the behaviour. Performance assessment for point-to-point connection is easy, but for complex PLC networks with repeaters it is quite expensive. Therefore, a simulation is an easy, fast, and cheap solution for understanding the grid configuration, influence of particular topological components, and performance possibilities. Simulation results can, thus, provide material for the design of a telecommunication infrastructure for Smart Metering. This paper presents results of such a simulation study. It is based on realistic PLC channel model implementation in Network Simulator 3, our modification and extension of this implementation for our use case scenario. It uses Shannon’s formula to calculate theoretical maximum channel capacity. In particular, it provides channel capacity and achievable distances of broadband PLC (BB-PLC). In this article we also exploit our novel idea of simple performance assessment of broadband PLC communication via simulation. It is supposed to be used to understand, evaluate, and test the grid configuration before deployment.
Post-spinal cord injury pain states (1997)

Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA Received 23 September 1996; revised version received 18 October 1996; accepted 6 November 1996 * Tel.: +1 212 5986194; fax: +1 212 5986009.
Photocurrent enhancement via trapping of photogenerated electrons of titanium dioxide particles (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotocurrent enhancement via trapping of photogenerated electrons of titanium dioxide particlesMichael D. Ward and Allen J. BardCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 18, 3599–3605Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100215a021https://doi.org/10.1021/j100215a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views602Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Genetic and Biochemical Studies of Partially Active Tryptophan Synthetase Mutants of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1969)

Approximately 20% of the tryptophan synthetase mutants (tr(5)) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae retain activity in one of the half reactions catalyzed by this enzyme and have been identified as indole-accumulating or indole-utilizing tr(5) mutants by complementation tests. Ten indole-accumulating and six indole-utilizing mutants have been studied. For the half reactions they catalyze, these partially active mutants have from about one-half to twice the specific activities of the wild-type enzyme. Indole-accumulating mutant enzymes showed varying responses to pyridoxal phosphate and serine in the assay mixture. The partially active mutants were further characterized by their patterns of allelic complementation and their distribution on the fine-structure map of the locus. It was concluded that these mutants define two distinct functional regions of the tr(5) locus, corresponding to the two half reactions.
On Achieving Optimal Rate of Digital Precoder by RF-Baseband Codesign for MIMO Systems (2014)

For many communications systems, such as the one for millimeter-wave communications, the design of the precoder that multiplexes independent data streams in space is subject to the unconventional constraint that the numbers of the available frequency converters and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters are only a fraction of the number of equipped antennas. In this paper, we study the joint design of both radio-frequency (RF) and baseband signal processing, where the RF signal processing is implemented by phase shifters with variable phase shifts. We propose two hybrid precoder designs that provide the same achievable rate as the optimal fully-digital precoder. The first design is the generalization of the optimal single-stream scheme developed by Zhang, Molisch, and Kung. The second design is obtained by simplifying the first design with simplification process that involves a new decomposition of the optimal unconstrained precoding matrix and the rearrangement of the separation of the baseband and RF circuits. The comparison of system complexity in terms of the numbers of required D/A converters, frequency converters, and phase shifters is provided and the performance of the proposed designs is verified by simulations.
Donor–Acceptor–Donor Thienopyrazines via Pd-Catalyzed C–H Activation as NIR Fluorescent Materials (2015)

A series of thienopyrazine-based donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent compounds were synthesized through a rapid, palladium-catalyzed C-H activation route. The dyes were studied through computational analysis, electrochemical properties analysis, and characterization of their photophysical properties. Large Stokes shifts of approximately 175 nm were observed, which led to near-infrared emission. Computational evaluation shows that the origin of this large Stokes shift is a significant molecular reorganization particularly about the D-A bond. The series exhibits quantum yields of up to φ = >4%, with emission maxima ranging from 725 to 820 nm. The emission is strong in solution, in thin films, and also in isolation at the single-molecule level. Their stable emission at the single-molecule level makes these compounds good candidates for single-molecule photon sources in the near-infrared.
Prevalence of Toxin Types and Colonization Factors in Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated during a 2-Year Period from Diarrheal Patients in Bangladesh (2000)

The prevalence of toxin types and colonization factors (CFs) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was prospectively studied with fresh samples (n = 4,662) obtained from a 2% routine surveillance of diarrheal stool samples over 2 years, from September 1996 to August 1998. Stool samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunoassay techniques and with specific monoclonal antibodies for the toxins and CFs. The prevalence of ETEC was 14% (n = 662), with over 70% of the strains isolated from children 0 to 5 years of age, of whom 93% were in the 0- to 3-year-old age range. Of the total ETEC isolates, 49.4% were positive for the heat-stable toxin (ST), 25.4% were positive for the heat-labile toxin (LT) only, and 25.2% were positive for both LT and ST. The rate of ETEC isolation peaked in the hot summer months of May to September and decreased in winter. About 56% of the samples were positive for 1 or more of the 12 CFs that were screened for. The coli surface antigens CS4, CS5, and/or CS6 of the colonization factor antigen (CFA)/IV complex were most prevalent (incidence, 31%), followed by CFA/I (23.5%) and coli surface antigens CS1, CS2, and CS3 of CFA/II (21%). In addition, other CFs detected in decreasing order were CS7 (8%), CS14 (PCFO166) (7%), CS12 (PCFO159) (4%), CS17 (3%), and CS8 (CFA/III) (2.7%). The ST- or LT- and ST-positive ETEC isolates expressed the CFs known to be the most prevalent (i.e., CFA/I, CFA/II, and CFA/IV), while the strains positive for LT only did not. Among children who were infected with ETEC as the single pathogen, a trend of relatively more severe disease in children infected with ST-positive (P < 0.001) or LT- and ST-positive (P < 0.001) ETEC isolates compared to the severity of the disease in children infected with LT only-positive ETEC isolates was seen. This study supports the fact that ETEC is still a major cause of childhood diarrhea in Bangladesh, especially in children up to 3 years of age, and that measures to prevent such infections are needed in developing countries.
Personalized Detection of Anxiety Provoking News Events using Semantic Network Analysis (2019)

In the age of hyper-connectivity, 24/7 news cycles, and instant news alerts via social media, mental health researchers don't have a way to automatically detect news content which is associated with triggering anxiety or depression in mental health patients. Using the Associated Press news wire, a semantic network was built with 1,056 news articles containing over 500,000 connections across multiple topics to provide a personalized algorithm which detects problematic news content for a given reader. We make use of Semantic Network Analysis to surface the relationship between news article text and anxiety in readers who struggle with mental health disorders. Based on a reader's anxiety profile collected by the network, a personalized dataset can be established to better understand the type of news that impacts a reader's mental health in a negative way. This study can benefit two groups. The first group is the mental health community who can use our approach to understand the impact of news content on those combating anxiety disorders and depression. The second group is for readers of news content in general who might not be aware of the type of news topics they are sensitive to. The insight from the Semantic Network should provide more information about specific triggers of anxiety that were previously unknown.