gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A transparent, solvent-free laminated top electrode for perovskite solar cells (2016)

A simple lamination process of the top electrode for perovskite solar cells is demonstrated. The laminate electrode consists of a transparent and conductive plastic/metal mesh substrate, coated with an adhesive mixture of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS, and sorbitol. The laminate electrode showed a high degree of transparency of 85%. Best cell performance was achieved for laminate electrodes prepared with a sorbitol concentration of ~30 wt% per milliliter PEDOT:PSS dispersion, and using a pre-annealing temperature of 120°C for 10 min before lamination. Thereby, perovskite solar cells with stabilized power conversion efficiencies of (7.6 ± 1.0)% were obtained which corresponds to 80% of the reference devices with reflective opaque gold electrodes.
Synthesis of Methyl 6-Phenyl-3-methyl-3-azapimelate<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Methyl 6-Phenyl-3-methyl-3-azapimelate1C. F. KOELSCH and FRANKLIN M. ROBINSONCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 11, 1211–1213Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01117a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01117a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views213Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of a Nondegenerate Two-Photon Giant-Pulse Laser (1964)

In a recent article <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> to which we shall refer as [S&B], a two-photon laser was proposed and analyzed. This device consists of a cavity resonant at frequency v <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</inf> and containing ions of type B with an inverted population N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</inf> /V between levels separated by an energy difference hv <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</inf> such that v <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</inf> = 2v <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</inf> ; it is necessary that the system not lase at v <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</inf> , which criterion can be satisfied by low reflectivity of the cavity at frequency v <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</inf> , by strong parasitic absorption in the laser material near frequency v <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</inf> , or preferably by a choice of ion such that the transition v <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</inf> is highly forbidden to a single-quantum process. The authors of [S&B] thus show that a certain priming density of photons of frequency v <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</inf> will provoke the simultaneous emission from the inverted population N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</inf> of pairs of photons v <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</inf> at a rate exceeding the cavity loss,t he process diverging until the population inversion is eliminated.
Effects of interval to seeding and temperature to removing glycerol on conception of frozen embryo of Holstein cows. (1990)

ホルスタイン種凍結胚において,胚の回収から植氷までの時間と脱グリセリン時の温度条件が移植胚の受胎に及ぼす影響を検討した.形態的に良質な7日目胚を凍結した.凍結メディウムにはPBS+0.4%BSA+10%グリセリン液を用い,0.25mlストローに胚を吸引後,-5.1°Cのアルコール•バスに浸漬して,直ちに植氷を行い,その後,毎分0.5°Cで-32.5°Cまで冷却し液体窒素へ浸漬した.グリセリン除去は0.3Mシュクロースと6,3,0%の各グリセリン濃度を含んだ0.4%BSA加PBS溶液に5分間隔で移し換えることにより行った.グリセリン除去時の温度条件(室温:33°C加温プレート上)の違いによって受胎率に差は認められなかった.胚の回収から植氷までの時間が3時間以上経過した場合には,3時間以内で植氷された場合の胚の受胎率(65%)に比べて,有意(P<0.05)に低かった(43%).
Biophysical Properties of the Synucleins and Their Propensities to Fibrillate (2002)

The pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease is the presence of intracellular inclusions, Lewy bodies, and Lewy neurites, in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and several other brain regions. Filamentous alpha-synuclein is the major component of these deposits and its aggregation is believed to play an important role in Parkinson's disease and several other neurodegenerative diseases. Two homologous proteins, beta- and gamma-synucleins, are also abundant in the brain. The synucleins are natively unfolded proteins. beta-Synuclein, which lacks 11 central hydrophobic residues compared with its homologs, exhibited the properties of a random coil, whereas alpha- and gamma-synucleins were slightly more compact and structured. gamma-Synuclein, unlike its homologs, formed a soluble oligomer at relatively low concentrations, which appears to be an off-fibrillation pathway species. Here we show that, although they have similar biophysical properties to alpha-synuclein, beta- And gamma-synucleins inhibit alpha-synuclein fibril formation. Complete inhibition of alpha-synuclein fibrillation was observed at 4:1 molar excess of beta- and gamma-synucleins. No significant incorporation of beta-synuclein into the fibrils was detected. The lack of fibrils formed by beta-synuclein is most readily explained by the absence of a stretch of hydrophobic residues from the middle region of the protein. A model for the inhibition is proposed.
Disciplining the Unruly (National) Body in Staceyann Chin's The Other Side of Paradise (2014)

In 2009, during a period of intense debate surrounding lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Jamaica, Staceyann Chin published the first memoir of growing up lesbian in Jamaica. While Chin's lesbian identity is a major theme of the text, also important is documenting the child abuse and homophobic violence she suffered. This essay makes visible the connections between physical punishments during slavery (with particular reference to “The History of Mary Prince”), practices of child abuse and homophobic violence in Jamaica, and contemporary modes of recognizing legitimate subjects by the state. In contrast to research focused on homophobia in the Caribbean as largely a product of religious teachings or a relic of the Victorian era, this essay instead suggests that powerful histories of physical control and discipline influence contemporary beliefs about the “threat” LGBT individuals present to the nation. Chin's identity as a woman of Chinese and African descent calls into question a unitary identity or origin story for Caribbean subjects and asks which bodies are allowed to be legitimate citizens of the postindependence Caribbean. Chin's personal experiences are put into the context of larger debates within Jamaica about sovereignty in the wake of US and UK announcements linking budgetary aid to compliance with international LGBT rights norms.
The surgical dilemma of ‘functional inoperability’ in oral and oropharyngeal cancer: current consensus on operability with regard to functional results (2009)

The term functional inoperability appears to be clinically used by Dutch experts in the decision making process in advanced head and neck carcinomas. According to the experts who took part in the survey, primary total glossectomy or sacrificing both hypoglossal nerves is an operation that causes too much and therefore unacceptable function loss. In several case scenarios a consensus over operability could not be reached by the experts. The decision varies per physician, institute and patient. Functional inoperability is variable and difficult to determine, but it is clinically used and therefore important to bring under attention.
Einfaches Verfahren zur Veresterung von Carbonsäuren (1978)

Ein Zusatz von 4-Dimethylaminopyridin (DMAP) beschleunigt die durch Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid (DCC) aktivierte Veresterung von Carbonsäuren so stark, daß Nebenreaktionen ausbleiben und selbst empfindliche Säuren wie 2,5-Cyclohexadien-1-carbonsäure glatt den tert-Butylester ergeben. DMAP ist bis jetzt vor allem als Acylierungskatalysator hervorgetreten.
α-Lipoic Acid Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Prevents Glomerular Mesangial Matrix Expansion in Diabetes (2002)

Previous studies demonstrated that 2 mo of dietary supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid (LA) prevented early glomerular injury in non-insulin-treated streptozotocin diabetic rats (D). The present study examined the effects of chronic LA supplementation (30 mg/kg body wt per d) on nephropathy in D after 7 mo of diabetes. Compared with control rats, D developed increased urinary excretion of albumin and transforming growth factor beta, renal insufficiency, glomerular mesangial matrix expansion, and glomerulosclerosis in association with depletion of glutathione and accumulation of malondialdehyde in renal cortex. LA prevented or ameliorated all of these changes in D. Because chronic LA supplementation also attenuated hyperglycemia in D after 3 mo, its effects on renal injury were compared with treatment of rats with sufficient insulin to maintain a level of glycemic control for the entire 7-mo period (D-INS) equivalent to that observed with LA during the final 4 mo. Despite superior longitudinal glycemic control in D-INS, urinary excretion of albumin and transforming growth factor beta, glomerular mesangial matrix expansion, the extent of glomerulosclerosis, and renal cortical malondialdehyde content were all significantly greater, whereas cortical glutathione content was lower than corresponding values in D given LA. Thus, the renoprotective effects of LA in D were not attributable to improved glycemic control alone but also likely reflected its antioxidant activity. The combined antioxidant and hypoglycemic actions of LA both may contribute to its utility in preventing renal injury and other complications of diabetes.
Shape improvement for piezoelectric energy harvesting applications (2009)

We aim at using variable shape cantilever beam to improve the efficiency of energy harvesting from ambient vibration in wireless grid sensor applications. The cantilever beam is composed of an active layer composed of a piezoelectric material and a metallic layer (unimorph design). A tip mass attached to the free end of the cantilever beam is added to increase the inertial forces of the structure. The introduction of the variable shape design is motivated by the fact that prismatic shape beams are not efficient since only the part near to the clamped side can produce electrical power thanks to the presence of stresses. By varying the geometry of the beam we redistribute the stress along the beam's length in order to increase the harvested power. In this work, the equations of motion and associated boundary conditions are derived using Hamilton Principle. We analyze the statics and dynamics of the variable geometry beam. In order to maximize the harvested energy, we discuss the influence of the system's and excitation's parameters on the dynamic problem. Besides, we found that harvested energy is maximized for an optimum electric load resistance. Concerning the beam's shape, this work reveals that it should be as truncated as possible. In fact, trapezoidal cantilever with base and height dimensions equal to the base and length dimensions of a rectangular beam will have a higher strain and maximum deflection for a given load.
Induced Fit of an Epitope Peptide to a Monoclonal Antibody Probed with a Novel Parallel Surface Plasmon Resonance Assay (2004)

Class II major histocompatibility complex proteins bind peptides for presentation to T-cells as part of the immune response process. Monoclonal antibody MEM-265 recognizes the peptide-free conformation of the major histocompatibility complex class II protein HLA-DR1 through specific binding to an epitope contained between residues 50-67 of the beta-chain. In previous work using alanine scanning (1), we identified residues Leu-53, Asp-57, Tyr-60, Trp-61, Ser-63, and Leu-67 as essential for specific recognition by MEM-265. The spacing of these residues approximates a 3.5-residue repeat, suggesting that MEM-265 may recognize the epitope in an alpha-helical conformation. In the folded, peptide-loaded DR1 structure, the beta-chain residues 50-67 contain a kinked alpha-helical segment spanning Glu-52-Ser-63 (2). However, the conformation of this segment in the peptide-free form is unknown. We have used a new surface plasmon resonance approach in a SpotMatrix format to compare the kinetic rates and affinities for 18 alanine scanning mutants comprising epitope residues 50-67. In addition to the six essential residues described previously, we found two additional residues, Glu-52 and Gln-64, that contribute by enhancing MEM-265 binding. By contrast, mutation of either Gly-54 or Pro-56 to an alanine actually improved binding to MEM-265. In essentially all cases peptide substitutions that either improve or reduce MEM-265 recognition could be traced to differences in the dissociation rate (k off). The kinetic details of the present study support the presence of a structural component in the antigenic epitope recognized by MEM-265 in the peptide-free form of major histocompatibility complex II DR1 beta-chain.
Premature termination codons in modern human genomes (2016)

The considerable range of genetic variation in human populations may partly reflect distinctive processes of adaptation to variable environmental conditions. However, the adaptive genomic signatures remain to be completely elucidated. This research explores candidate loci under selection at the population level by characterizing recently arisen premature termination codons (PTCs), some of which indicate a human knockout. From a total of 7595 participants from two population exome projects, 246 PTCs were found where natural selection has resulted in new alleles with a high frequency (from 1% to 96%) of derived alleles and various levels of population differentiation (FST = 0.00139-0.626). The PTC genes formed protein and regulatory networks limited to 15 biological processes or gene families, of which seven categories were previously unreported. PTC mutations have a strong tendency to be introduced into members of the same gene family, even during modern human evolution, although the exact nature of the selection is not fully known. The findings here suggest the ongoing evolutionary plasticity of modern humans at the genetic level and also partly provide insights into common human knockouts.
Measured Effects of a Narrowband Interference Suppressor on GPS Receivers (1999)

Narrowband and partial-band interference can severely degrade the performance of GPS receivers. The use of digital signal processing in a receiver has been shown to provide protection against this type of interference in communications systems and has been proposed for application in future GPS systems. This paper discusses the measured effects of narrowband interference suppression on GPS receiver performance. Emphasis is placed on its effects on pseudorange measurements, since navigation accuracy is ultimately the measure of interest to the user. Performance metrics presented include: the GPS receiver input carrier-to-noise ratio, receiver crosscorrelation function, and pseudorange errors. The results demonstrate that substantial interference suppression can be attained with modest navigation accuracy degradation by incorporating narrowband interference suppression technology into GPS receivers.
Circadian variation of acute myocardial infarction and the effect of low-dose aspirin in a randomized trial of physicians. (1990)

Increased platelet aggregation in the morning and upon assuming an upright posture may account at least in part for the observed circadian variation in onset of acute myocardial infarction. The Physicians' Health Study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of alternate-day aspirin intake (325 mg) among 22,071 US male physicians, afforded the opportunity to assess this circadian pattern and examine whether it is altered by aspirin therapy. During a 5-year period of follow-up, 342 cases of nonfatal myocardial infarction were confirmed, of which the time of onset was available in 211 (62%). The placebo group showed a bimodal circadian variation in onset of myocardial infarction with a primary peak between 4:00 AM and 10:00 AM (p less than 0.001). In the aspirin group, however, this circadian variation was minimal (p = 0.16), due primarily to a marked reduction in the morning peak of infarction. Specifically, aspirin was associated with a 59.3% reduction in the incidence of infarction during the morning waking hours, compared with a 34.1% reduction for the remaining hours of the day. The greater reduction was observed during the 3-hour interval immediately after awakening, a period with a risk of infarction twice that of any other comparable time interval (p less than 0.001). Aspirin intake was associated with a mean reduction in the incidence of infarction of 44.8% over the entire 24-hour cycle. These data support the hypothesis that increased platelet aggregability in the morning and upon arising contributes to the occurrence of myocardial infarction and that aspirin reduces the risk of infarction by inhibiting platelet aggregation during these critical periods.
ESSENCE II and the Framework for Evaluating Syndromic Surveillance Systems (2004)

ESSENCE II has provided excellent performance with respect to the framework and has proven to be a useful and cost-effective approach for providing early detection of health events.
Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Core/Shell Nanotubes: Synthesis and Magnetic and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Characteristics (2010)

Fe3O4/TiO2 core/shell nanotubes are fabricated via a three-step process. α-Fe2O3 nanotubes are first obtained, and α-Fe2O3/TiO2 core/shell nanotubes are subsequently fabricated using Ti(SO4)2 as a Ti source by a wet chemical process. The thickness of the amorphous TiO2 shell is about 21 nm. After a H2 deoxidation process, the amorphous TiO2 layer changes into crystalline structures composed of TiO2 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 2.5 nm, and its thickness is decreased to about 18 nm. At the same time, α-Fe2O3 transforms into cubic Fe3O4. Consequently, crystalline Fe3O4/TiO2 core/shell nanotubes can be fabricated through the process above. The measurements of the magnetic properties demonstrate that the Fe3O4/TiO2 core/shell nanotubes exhibit ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature, and the Verwey temperature is about 120 K. The eddy current effect is largely reduced and the anisotropy energy is improved significantly for the core/shell nanotubes due to the presence of the TiO2 shells. The maximum reflection loss reaches −20.6 dB at 17.28 GHz for the absorber with thickness of 5 mm, and the absorption bandwidth with the reflection loss below −10 dB is up to 13.12 GHz for the absorber with a thickness of 2−5 mm. Our results demonstrate that the Fe3O4/TiO2 core/shell nanotubes obtained in this work are attractive candidate materials for the magnetic and EM wave absorption applications.
Views and queries (2010)

We investigate the question of whether a query Q can be answered using a set V of views. We first define the problem in information-theoretic terms: we say that V determines Q if V provides enough information to uniquely determine the answer to Q . Next, we look at the problem of rewriting Q in terms of V using a specific language. Given a view language V and query language Q , we say that a rewriting language R is complete for V -to- Q rewritings if every Q ∈ Q can be rewritten in terms of V ∈ V using a query in R , whenever V determines Q . While query rewriting using views has been extensively investigated for some specific languages, the connection to the information-theoretic notion of determinacy, and the question of completeness of a rewriting language have received little attention. In this article we investigate systematically the notion of determinacy and its connection to rewriting. The results concern decidability of determinacy for various view and query languages, as well as the power required of complete rewriting languages. We consider languages ranging from first-order to conjunctive queries.
Dual-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter With Fixed-Frequency PWM Control for Wide Input Applications (2016)

This paper proposes a dual-bridge (DB) LLC resonant converter for wide input applications. The topology is an integration of a half-bridge (HB) LLC circuit and a full-bridge (FB) LLC circuit. The fixed-frequency pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) control is employed and a range of twice the minimum input voltage can be covered. Compared with the traditional pulse frequency modulation (PFM) controlled HB/FB LLC resonant converter, the voltage gain range is independent of the quality factor, and the magnetizing inductor has little influence on the voltage gain, which can simplify the parameter selection process and benefit the design of magnetic components as well. Over the full load range, zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-current switching (ZCS) can be achieved for primary switches and secondary rectifier diodes, respectively. Detailed analysis on the modulation schedule and operating principle of the proposed converter is presented along with the converter performance. Finally, all theoretical analysis and characteristics are verified by experimental results from a 120-V to 240-V input 24 V/20 A output converter prototype.
Procyanidin B-2, extracted from apples, promotes hair growth: a laboratory study (2002)

These results suggest that PKC isozymes, especially PKC-betaI and -betaII, play an important role in hair cycle progression and that the hair-growing mechanisms of procyanidin B-2 are at least partially related to its downregulation of PKC isozymes or its inhibition of translocation of PKC isozymes to the particulate fraction of hair epithelial cells.