gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Wild-Type and Mutant Plant Nitrate Reductase Expressed in the Methylotrophic Yeast Pichia pastoris (1997)

Recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana NADH:nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6.6.1) was produced in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris and purified to near-electrophoretic homogeneity. Purified enzyme had the spectral and kinetic properties typical of highly purified NR from natural plant sources. Site-directed mutagenesis altering several key residues and regions was carried out, and the mutant enzyme forms were expressed in P. pastoris. When the invariant cysteine residue, cysteine-191, in the molybdo-pterin region of the A. thaliana NIA2 protein was replaced with serine or alanine, the NR protein was still produced but was inactive, showing that this residue is essential for enzyme activity. Deletions or substitutions of the conserved N terminus of NR retained activity and the ability to be inactivated in vitro when incubated with ATP. Enzyme with a histidine sequence appended to the N terminus was still active and was easily purified using metal-chelate affinity chromatography. These results demonstrate that P. pastoris is a useful and reliable system for producing recombinant holo-NR from plants.
Ipso nitration of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIpso nitration of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arenesWillem Verboom, Alex Durie, Richard J. M. Egberink, Zouhair Asfari, and David N. ReinhoudtCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 4, 1313–1316Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00030a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00030a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1287Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sensitivity and specificity of histological criteria in the diagnosis of conventional cutaneous melanoma (2008)

The efficacy of the histological criteria currently used in the diagnosis of melanoma is still to be defined. We performed a quantitative analysis of 72 conventional (non-Spitzoid, nondesmoplastic) melanomas and 73 conventional melanocytic naevi, used as controls, for 13 histological diagnostic parameters (dimension >6 mm, asymmetry, poor circumscription, irregular and confluent nests, single melanocytes predominating, absence of maturation, suprabasal melanocytes, asymmetrical melanin, melanin in deep cells, cytological atypia, mitoses, necrosis and dermal lymphocytic infiltrate). Differences in the distribution of selected parameters between the two groups were investigated by Fisher's exact test; for each parameter sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results showed that all parameters, except poor circumscription, seemed to be significantly associated with melanoma (P<0.05). Cytological atypia, dermal lymphocytic infiltrate, asymmetry, dimension >6 mm and absence of maturation showed a high sensitivity (>90%); absence of maturation, mitoses, necrosis, asymmetrical melanin, suprabasal melanocytes and melanin in deep cells showed a high specificity (>90%); irregular-confluent nests and single melanocytes predominating were poorly sensitive and poorly specific. In melanomas < or =2 mm, two additional parameters were sensitive (> or =90%): suprabasal melanocytes and single melanocytes predominating. We conclude that not all parameters showed to have the same diagnostic value. Absence of maturation and, limited to melanomas < or =2 mm, suprabasal melanocytes were the most discriminating (sensitive and specific) histological features. Cytological atypia, dimension >6 mm, suprabasal melanocytes and mitoses were additional reliable diagnostic features, showing a relatively high sensitivity and a relatively high specificity. Other useful features were dermal lymphocytic infiltrate and asymmetry (sensitive) and necrosis, asymmetrical melanin and melanin in deep cells (specific).
Real-Time Analysis of Physiological Data to Support Medical Applications (2009)

This paper presents a flexible framework that performs real-time analysis of physiological data to monitor people's health conditions in any context (e.g., during daily activities, in hospital environments). Given historical physiological data, different behavioral models tailored to specific conditions (e.g., a particular disease, a specific patient) are automatically learnt. A suitable model for the currently monitored patient is exploited in the real-time stream classification phase. The framework has been designed to perform both instantaneous evaluation and stream analysis over a sliding time window. To allow ubiquitous monitoring, real-time analysis could also be executed on mobile devices. As a case study, the framework has been validated in the intensive care scenario. Experimental validation, performed on 64 patients affected by different critical illnesses, demonstrates the effectiveness and the flexibility of the proposed framework in detecting different severity levels of monitored people's clinical situations.
Anti‐arthritic effects demonstrated by an interleukin‐2 receptor‐targeted cytotoxin (DAB<sub>486</sub>IL‐2) in rat adjuvant arthritis (1992)

DAB486IL-2 is an interleukin-2 receptor-specific cytotoxin which selectively targets and kills cells which bear the high-affinity form of the IL-2 receptor. Since elimination of activated T lymphocytes may be useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the effect of DAB486IL-2 treatment in an animal model of arthritis was investigated. We demonstrated that rats treated with DAB486IL-2 during the induction phase of disease have delayed onset of symptoms and significantly reduced severity of inflammation as well as a depressed proliferative response to mycobacterial stimulation in vitro. In addition, the presence of preexisting antibodies to the molecule had no impact on the anti-arthritic effects observed in this model. These data suggest that DAB486IL-2 may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Fast spin-echo MR imaging of the cervical spine: influence of echo train length and echo spacing on image contrast and quality. (1993)

For cervical spine imaging, a long echo train length and short echo spacing partially compensate for cerebrospinal fluid flow and produce the best myelographic effect but must be modulated by other constraints, such as artifact production or technical capabilities.
Immunohistochemistry in neuro-oncology. (1986)

The technical modalities of the immunohistochemical demonstration of antigens of neuroectodermal differentiation and of mesenchymal nature in neural tissue are discussed. On the main antigens (S-100 protein, GFAP, Vimentin, Neuronal specific Enolase, neurofilaments, myelin basic protein, carboanhydrase C, FVIII/RAg, laminin, fibronectin) the most important findings are described and critically considered. They are interpreted in the light of the present knowledge on the problems of differentiation of the oncotypes and on particular aspects of bio-pathology of brain tumors.
Leading strategically (1992)

Discusses the role of company leaders in implementing change, stressing their ability to become role models for change, setting the organization on a strong strategic course that is the basis for quality improvement. Outlines the four basic abilities that a strong leader should posses ‐ the ability to create alignment; initiate and manage change; resolve contradictions; and encourage synergy. Suggests that there are four different categories of business, naming them “Fort”, “Eagle”, “Slim Down” and “Circled Wagons”, and implies a deliberate use of a certain range of business strategies in respect of each.
Nanoengineered Transparent, Free-Standing, Conductive Nanofibrous Membranes (2009)

Transparent conductive nanofibrous membranes have been successfully fabricated by sputter-coating a metal (Au, Pd, Pt, Ni, Ag, or Au/Pd alloy) onto a water-soluble-polymer nanofibrous template, followed by the dissolution of the template in a water bath. The size of the conductive nanofibers can be facilely controlled by adjusting the diameter of the polymer nanofibers as well as the sputter-coating time. The as-prepared samples were characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, and TGA, and the results reveal that the as-prepared conductive nanofibers consist of many metal nanoparticles held together after the dissolution of the polymer template, which is likely due to the coalescence of the metal nanoparticles as well as the bridging effect of the polymer chains between the adjoining metal nanoparticles. The transmittance of the film decreases but the conductivity of the film increases with the time of sputter-coating. The as-prepared transparent nanofibrous membrane also shows good mechanical and metallic properties, and its resistance displays humidity-dependent behavior most likely attributed to the swelling effect of the highly hydrophilic polymer chain that bridges the metal nanoparticles. This study provides a promising route to the facile synthesis of conductive nanofibers, which may have great potential in various applications.
COMPARISON OF CONSTANT VOLTAGE AND FIELD INVERSION GEL ELECTROPHORESIS METHODS FOR MEASURING DNA STRAND BREAKAGE IN FRESHWATER BIVALVES (1997)

To compare constant voltage and field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) methods for detecting DNA strand breakage, two sets of DNA samples from freshwater bivalves were electrophoresed on both gel types. The first sample group contained DNA from mapleleaf mussels (Quadrula quadrula) exposed to lead; the second sample group contained DNA from Asiatic clams (Corbicula fluminea) that was passed through a syringe to physically induce strand breakage. A series of comparisons revealed that FIGE separated DNA into a greater number of bands, had less DNA in the band with the highest relative quantity of DNA, and resulted in a higher calculated average DNA strand length. The periodic inversion of the electric field on FIGE gels resulted in more complete separation of DNA fragments of different sizes, making FIGE the better of the two methods. Thorough separation of DNA fragments is a very important factor in the accurate calculation of average DNA strand lengths. Correctly determined DNA strand lengths are integral to the detection of DNA strand breakage, which can be used as a biomarker of genotoxicity.
On Web Page extraction based on position of DIV (2010)

For the popular DIV page layout in Web Pages, this paper presents a method based on the position of DIV to extract main text from the body of Web pages by reconstructing, remaining atomic DIV and analyzing DIV position. Experiments showed that the accuracy rate of extraction can reach more than 90%, with a high versatility and accuracy.
Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Towards Clinical Trials and Precision Medicine (2019)

<b>Purpose:</b> The eye is currently at the forefront of translational medicine and therapeutics. However, despite advances in technology, primary open-angle glaucoma remains the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Traditional intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering therapies are often not sufficient to prevent progression to blindness, even in patients with access to high-quality healthcare. Neuroprotection strategies, which aim to boost the ability of target cells to withstand a pathological insult, have shown significant promise in animal models but none have shown clinically relevant efficacy in human clinical trials to date. We sought to evaluate the current status of neuroprotection clinical trials for glaucoma and identify limitations which have prevented translation of new glaucoma therapies to date.<b>Methods:</b> Literature searches identified English language references. Sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases; reference lists of retrieved studies; and internet pages of relevant organisations, meetings and conference proceedings, and clinical trial registries.<b>Results:</b> We discuss six key neuroprotective strategies for glaucoma that have reached the clinical trial stage. Delivery of neurotrophic factors through gene therapy is also progressing towards glaucoma clinical trials. Refinements in trial design and the use of new modalities to define structural and functional endpoints may improve our assessment of disease activity and treatment efficacy. Advances in our understanding of compartmentalised glaucomatous degeneration and continued progress in the molecular profiling of glaucoma patients will enable us to predict individual risk and tailor treatment.<b>Conclusion:</b> New approaches to future glaucoma neuroprotection trials could improve the prospects for new glaucoma therapies. Glaucoma treatment tailored according to an individual's unique risk profile may become increasingly common in the future.
Anwendungen (2003)

In diesem Kapitel werden wir einen ersten Eindruck von der enormen Leistungsfähigkeit der wenigen bisher bereitgestellten Begriffe und Sätze der Differentialrechnung gewinnen, eine Leistungsfähigkeit, die sich nicht nur im mathematischen, sondern auch — und gerade — im außermathematischen Bereich in schlechterdings stupender Weise auswirkt. Ein Leser, der stärker an der raschen Entwicklung der Theorie als an ihren Anwendungen interessiert ist, sollte auf jeden Fall die Ausführungen über die Hyperbel- und Winkelfunktionen in den Nummern 53 und 57 (einschließlich der zugehörigen Aufgaben) studieren, weil diese Dinge später laufend benötigt werden. Den Satz 55.3 (der nur eine Umformulierung des Satzes 49.3 ist) sollte er zur Kenntnis nehmen. Die Nr. 59 ist auch von großem theoretischen Interesse.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> correlates of physiological and neoplastic human Fallopian tube stem cells (2015)

High-grade serous cancer (HGSC) progresses to advanced stages without symptoms and the 5-year survival rate is a dismal 30%. Recent studies of ovaries and Fallopian tubes in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations have documented a pre-metastatic intramucosal neoplasm that is found almost exclusively in the Fallopian tube, termed 'serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma' or STIC. Moreover, other proliferations, termed p53 signatures, secretory cell outgrowths (SCOUTs), and lower-grade serous tubal intraepithelial neoplasms (STINs) fall short of STIC but share similar alterations in expression, in keeping with an underpinning of genomic disturbances involved in, or occurring in parallel with, serous carcinogenesis. To gain insight into the cellular origins of this unique tubal pathway to high-grade serous cancer, we cloned and both immortalized and transformed Fallopian tube stem cells (FTSCs). We demonstrated that pedigrees of FTSCs were capable of multipotent differentiation and that the tumours derived from transformed FTSCs shared the histological and molecular features of HGSC. We also demonstrated that altered expression of some biomarkers seen in transformed FTSCs and HGSCs (stathmin, EZH2, CXCR4, CXCL12, and FOXM1) could be seen as well in immortalized cells and their in vivo counterparts SCOUTs and STINs. Thus, a whole-genome transcriptome analysis comparing FTSCs, immortalized FTSCs, and transformed FTSCs showed a clear molecular progression sequence that is recapitulated by the spectrum of accumulated perturbations characterizing the range of proliferations seen in vivo. Biomarkers unique to STIC relative to normal tubal epithelium provide a basis for novel detection approaches to early HGSC, but must be viewed critically given their potential expression in lesser proliferations. Perturbations shared by both immortalized and transformed FTSCs may provide unique early targets for prevention strategies. Central to these efforts has been the ability to clone and perpetuate multipotent FTSCs.
A Comb-Structured PSD and Its Image Position Sensing Characteristics (1994)

A semiconductor image position sensitive device (PSD) is widely used in various measuring systems because of its simplisity of instrumentation and high speed sensing capablity of the position of a light spot as its gravity center. In order to increase the image position sensing precision, the dividing resistance should be manufactured in high accuracy. However, it is very difficult to manufacture uniformly distributed dividing resistance layer in the conventional type PSD. In order to overcome the above difficulty, a concentrated dividing resistor type PSD, in which dividing resistor is constructed separately from the photo-sensitive elements as a concentrated resistor and separately formed photo-sensitive elements are connected to it. A dividing resistor can be manufactured stably and correctly by this scheme. A comb structured PSD is proposed and trialy manufactured as a realization of the new scheme. On the contrary, the comb structure may bring the deviation in detecting characteristics which are caused by its periodic structure. Because of this reason, the interval of teeth is one of the important factors in designing the comb structured PSD. In this study, image position sensing characteristics of the comb structured PSDs which had been manufactured in trial are measured in connection with the size of the light spot. Then the influence of the light spot size to the image position sensing characteristics have been analized. Considering the above experimental results, several methods to decreasing the deviation of image position sensing characteristics caused by the comb teeth structure have been investigated and proposed.
Silver-Impregnated Porcine Xenografts for Treatment of Meshed Autografts (1984)

Meshing of skin grafts has gained wide acceptance as a means of conserving donor sites in cases of extensive skin loss. In smaller injuries, meshed grafts have the advantage of providing for more efficient wound drainage than unmeshed grafts. Covering widely meshed skin grafts with meshed allografts has been found to result in reductions in infection-related rejection of the allografts. Porcine xenografts have been widely used as temporary wound coverings as they protect the wounds and provide a hospitable environment for reepithelialization. We have used silver-impregnated porcine xenografts to cover meshed skin grafts with excellent results. The porcine xenograft provides a protective wound covering that promotes epithelialization in the interstices of the meshed graft, and the silver ion in the collagen of the xenograft provides an improved means of controlling infection. Three cases are described.
X-ray analysis of L-ascorbic acid 2-O-phosphate. (1982)

L-Ascorbic acid 2-O-phosphate, synthesized from 5, 6-O-isopropylidene L-ascorbic acid by reaction with phosphoryl chloride in alkaline water-pyridine solution, crystallized as colorless plates of the dipiperazinium salt trihydrate, C6H9O9P·2C4H10N2·3H2O. Its molecular structure was determined by X-ray analysis.
Asymmetric chiral metamaterial circular polarizer based on four U-shaped split ring resonators (2011)

An asymmetric chiral metamaterial structure is constructed by using four double-layered U-shaped split ring resonators, which are each rotated by 90° with respect to their neighbors. The peculiarity of the suggested design is that the sizes of the electrically and magnetically excited rings are different, which allows for equalizing the orthogonal components of the electric field at the output interface with a 90° phase difference when the periodic structure is illuminated by an x-polarized wave. As a result, left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization are obtained in transmission at 5.1 GHz and 6.4 GHz, respectively. The experiment results are in good agreement with the numerical results.
Thermal Choking and Condensation in Nozzles (1965)

An experimental and analytic analysis of water-vapor condensation zones in moist-air expansions is considered where the heat addition of condensation exceeds that for thermal choking. The transition from an unchoked to a choked flow is shown experimentally and described from the viewpoint of an analogous isentropic nozzle. Solution of the one-dimensional equations of motion for a fully choked nozzle flow involving shock waves is given, and sonic point locations are verified experimentally. Special emphasis is given to the effect of heat addition and area variation on flow behavior in the region of sonic points. It is concluded that the onset of condensation in experiments involving shock waves can be used in testing theories of homogeneous nucleation.
Critical Role of the NAD(P)H Oxidase Subunit p47 <sup> <i>phox</i> </sup> for Left Ventricular Remodeling/Dysfunction and Survival After Myocardial Infarction (2007)

Accumulating evidence suggests a critical role of increased reactive oxygen species production for left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI). An increased myocardial activity of the NAD(P)H oxidase, a major oxidant enzyme system, has been observed in human heart failure; however, the role of the NAD(P)H oxidase for LV remodeling and dysfunction after MI remains to be determined. MI was induced in wild-type (WT) mice (n=46) and mice lacking the cytosolic NAD(P)H oxidase component p47(phox) (p47(phox)-/- mice) (n=32). Infarct size was similar among the groups. NAD(P)H oxidase activity was markedly increased in remote LV myocardium of WT mice after MI as compared with sham-operated mice (83+/-8 versus 16.7+/-3.5 nmol of O(2)(-) x microg(-1) x min(-1); P<0.01) but not in p47(phox)-/- mice after MI (13.5+/-3.6 versus 15.5+/-3.5 nmol of O(2)(-) x microg(-1) x min(-1)), as assessed by electron-spin resonance spectroscopy using the spin probe CP-H. Furthermore, increased myocardial xanthine oxidase activity was observed in WT, but not in p47(phox)-/- mice after MI, suggesting NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent xanthine oxidase activation. Myocardial reactive oxygen species production was increased in WT mice, but not in p47(phox)-/- mice, after MI. LV cavity dilatation and dysfunction 4 weeks after MI were markedly attenuated in p47(phox)-/- mice as compared with WT mice, as assessed by echocardiography (LV end-diastolic diameter: 4.5+/-0.2 versus 6.3+/-0.3 mm, P<0.01; LV ejection fraction, 35.8+/-2.5 versus 22.6+/-4.4%, P<0.05). Furthermore, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis were substantially reduced in p47(phox)-/- mice as compared with WT mice. Importantly, the survival rate was markedly higher in p47(phox)-/- mice as compared with WT mice after MI (72% versus 48%; P<0.05). These results suggest a pivotal role of NAD(P)H oxidase activation and its subunit p47(phox) for LV remodeling/dysfunction and survival after MI. The NAD(P)H oxidase system represents therefore a potential novel therapeutic target to prevent cardiac failure after MI.