gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Readily processed protonic ceramic fuel cells with high performance at low temperatures (2015)

Because of the generally lower activation energy associated with proton conduction in oxides compared to oxygen ion conduction, protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) should be able to operate at lower temperatures than solid oxide fuel cells (250° to 550°C versus ≥600°C) on hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels if fabrication challenges and suitable cathodes can be developed. We fabricated the complete sandwich structure of PCFCs directly from raw precursor oxides with only one moderate-temperature processing step through the use of sintering agents such as copper oxide. We also developed a proton-, oxygen-ion-, and electron-hole-conducting PCFC-compatible cathode material, BaCo(0.4)Fe(0.4)Zr(0.1)Y(0.1)O(3-δ) (BCFZY0.1), that greatly improved oxygen reduction reaction kinetics at intermediate to low temperatures. We demonstrated high performance from five different types of PCFC button cells without degradation after 1400 hours. Power densities as high as 455 milliwatts per square centimeter at 500°C on H2 and 142 milliwatts per square centimeter on CH4 were achieved, and operation was possible even at 350°C.
Human antibodies to a Mr 155,000 Plasmodium falciparum antigen efficiently inhibit merozoite invasion. (1984)

IgG from a donor clinically immune to Plasmodium falciparum malaria strongly inhibited reinvasion in vitro of human erythrocytes by the parasite. When added to monolayers of glutaraldehyde-fixed and air-dried erythrocytes infected with the parasite, this IgG also displayed a characteristic immunofluorescence restricted to the surface of infected erythrocytes. Elution of the IgG adsorbed to such monolayers gave an antibody fraction that was 40 times more efficient in the reinvasion inhibition assay (50% inhibition titer, less than 1 microgram/ml) than the original IgG preparation. The major antibody in this eluate was directed against a parasite-derived antigen of Mr 155,000 (Pf 155) deposited by the parasite in the erythrocyte membrane in the course of invasion. A detailed study of IgG fractions from 11 donors with acute P. falciparum malaria or clinical immunity revealed the existence of an excellent correlation between their capacities to stain the surface of infected erythrocytes, their titers in reinvasion inhibition, and the presence of antibodies to Pf 155 as detected by immunoblotting. No such correlations were seen when the IgG fractions were analyzed for immunofluorescence of intracellular parasites or for the presence of antibodies to other parasite antigens as detected by immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled and NaDodSO4/PAGE-separated parasite extracts. The results suggest that Pf 155 has an important role in the process of erythrocyte infection and that host antibodies to this antigen may efficiently interfere with this process.
Epilogue (2019)

The Epilogue foregrounds the enslaved African François-Xavier, whose dogged attempts in 1753 Mobile to get a soldier shamed for a profoundly disturbing act reads at times like a searing indictment of slavery. In this highly unusual court case, François-Xavier’s actions and words signal how he made sense of his world and his place within it and, especially, how well he understood the limits imposed on his person because of his status as a slave. François-Xavier had witnessed a shocking and disturbing act but he knew that he was powerless to stop it simply because he was a slave and the soldier was not. His testimony served as a damning intellectual critique of slavery, one that he could not explicitly verbalize in court but that hung in the silence. By stepping away from the specific allegation against the soldier and parsing François-Xavier’s words, it is possible to recognize once again how testimony served as a form of autobiographical expression. Spoken in the moment, often in mere slivers, such narratives remind us to consider how—and why—some enslaved individuals spoke, often so fearlessly, about themselves, and how tenaciously they strove to keep the focus on their own humanity.
Evenly tritium labeled peptides in study of peptide in vivo and in vitro biodegradation (2006)

Biologically active peptides evenly labeled with tritium were used for studying the in vitro and in vivo biodegradation of the peptides. Tritium-labeled peptides with a specific radioactivity of 50–150 Ci/mmol were obtained by high temperature solid phase catalytic isotope exchange (HSCIE) with spillover tritium. The distribution of the isotope label among all amino acid residues of these peptides allows the simultaneous determination of practically all possible products of their enzymatic hydrolysis. The developed analytical method includes extraction of tritium-labeled peptides from organism tissues and chromatographic isolation of individual labeled peptides from the mixture of degradation products. The concentrations of a peptide under study and the products of its biodegradation were calculated from the results of liquid scintillation counting. This approach was used for studying the pathways of biodegradation of the heptapeptide TKPRPGP (Selank) and the tripeptide PGP in blood plasma. The pharmacokinetics of Selank, an anxiolytic peptide, was also studied in brain tissues using the intranasal in vivo administration of this peptide. The concentrations of labeled peptides were determined, and the pentapeptide TKPRP, tripeptide TKP, and dipeptides RP and GP were shown to be the major products of Selank biodegradation. The study of the biodegradation of the heptapeptide MEHFPGP (Semax) in the presence of nerve cells showed that the major products of its biodegradation are the pentapeptide HFPGP and tripeptide PGP. The enkephalinase activity of blood plasma was studied with the use of evenly tritium labeled [Leu]enkephalin. A high inhibitory effect of Semax on blood plasma enkephalinases was shown to arise from its action on aminopeptidases. The method, based on the use of evenly tritium-labeled peptides, allows the determination of peptide concentrations and the activity of enzymes involved in their degradation on a μg scale of biological samples both in vitro and in vivo.
Improving confidence in detection and characterization of protein N‐glycosylation sites and microheterogeneity (2011)

Protein glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications, estimated to occur in over 50% of human proteins. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches involving different fragmentation mechanisms have been frequently used to detect and characterize protein N-linked glycosylations. In addition to the popular Collision-Induced Dissociation (CID), high-energy C-trap dissociation (HCD) fragmentation, which is a feature of a linear ion trap orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer (LTQ Orbitrap), has been recently used for the fragmentation of tryptic N-linked glycopeptides in glycoprotein analysis. The oxonium ions observed with high mass accuracy in the HCD spectrum of glycopeptides can be combined with characteristic fragmentation patterns in the CID spectrum resulting from consecutive glycosidic bond cleavages, to improve the detection and characterization of N-linked glycopeptides. As a means of automating this process, we describe here GlypID 2.0, a software tool that implements several algorithmic approaches to utilize MS information including accurate precursor mass and spectral patterns from both HCD and CID spectra, thus allowing for an unequivocal and accurate characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites of proteins.
LiTFSI Stability in Water and Its Possible Use in Aqueous Lithium-Ion Batteries: pH Dependency, Electrochemical Window and Temperature Stability (2013)

Ion chromatography was used to investigate the stability of LiTFSI in water at various temperatures. The addition of HNO3, LiOH and HTFSI as pH adjustment measures was studied and the long-term stability of the electrolytes at different pH values stored at 60°C investigated. A minor degradation product was found upon the addition of HNO3 to the electrolyte and identified via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The compound was formed only in traces immediately after the acidification and the concentration is not increasing over time. Electrochemical stability window investigations, using two different methods, indicate the wide applicable potential range of the aqueous LiTFSI electrolyte, which, combined with the high stability of the TFSI anion vs. hydrolysis and elevated temperature, smoothens the path for a possible application in aqueous lithium-ion systems.
THE EFFECT (<i>a</i>) OF LITTER‐SIZE ON GROWTH AND (<i>b</i>) OF ŒSTRONE ADMINISTERED DURING LACTATION (RAT) (1935)

1. The effect of litter‐size on the growth‐rate of the individual rat is given, and groups containing 2–7 and 8–13 in a litter are compared. The effect of numbers on milk‐yield and on the length of the diœstrous interval is also examined. 2. The injection of cestrone into the lactating rat did not induce œstrus; it had an injurious effect on the growth of the young, but not in direct ratio to the amount administered. When litters were starved as the result of the injection of the mother, this was not due to an inhibition of mammary secretion, but to disinterestedness on the part of the mother. 3. There was a tendency to a prolongation of the dicestrous interval in lactating rats injected with œstrone, and this was more marked in rats suckling small litters. 4. It was found possible to cause a morphological abnormality in the development of the urogenital region of the suckling female by injecting large quantities of cestrone into the lactating rat. The effect is thus induced through the channel of the mother's milk. 5. A similar effect was produced by the direct injection of œstrone into new‐born females.
Blood Levels of Donor-Specific Human Leukocyte Antigen Antibodies After Renal Transplantation: Resolution of Rejection in the Presence of Circulating Donor-Specific Antibody (2007)

These data suggest that the dominant method of successful transplantation was function of the transplant in the presence of circulating DSA, and they also define the period during which this occurred.
Hydrodynamic Permeability of Hydrogels Stabilized within Porous Membranes (1996)

The purpose of this work was to demonstrate that cross-linked polymer gels can be stabilized against mechanical and osmotic forces by confining them in a microporous support. The hydrodynamic (Darcy) permeability was measured for neutral and charged polyacrylamide (PA) gels synthesized in semirigid membranes having a hydraulic mean pore diameter of 0.5 μm and a porosity of 67%. The permeability was determined by measuring the flow rate of aqueous solutions as a function of pressure drop across the membranes. The membrane-supported gels were stable and yielded a constant permeability when the pressure drop was increased to 300 bar/cm. No swelling/deswelling was observed with the charged gels (0.3−0.4 equiv/L) when the ionic strength was varied between 0.01 and 1.0 M, and the permeability was essentially independent of ionic strength. The permeability of the neutral gel varied as φ-3.3 where φ is the polymer volume fraction, whereas literature data for bulk PA gels shows the dependence to be φ-1.4. The permeability of the membrane-supported neutral PA gel was greater than the literature values for the bulk gel at low φ but comparable to the bulk gels when φ > 0.08.
Expression and Function of CTLA-4 in Th1 and Th2 Cells (1998)

CTLA-4 is expressed on T cells after activation and shares homology with the CD28 costimulatory receptor. In contrast to CD28, CTLA-4 is thought to be a negative regulator of T cell activation. Cross-linking of CTLA-4 during activation of peripheral T cells reduces IL-2 production and arrests T cells in G1. Much less is known about the function of CTLA-4 in differentiated T cells. We have investigated the expression and function of CTLA-4 in established Th1 and Th2 clones and in bulk populations of Th1 and Th2 cells freshly derived in vitro from TCR transgenic splenocytes. We found that CTLA-4 was induced under similar conditions and with similar kinetics following activation of both Th1 and Th2 clones. However, CTLA-4 expression was much higher in Th2 than Th1 clones and lines. This was confirmed by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and Northern blot analysis. The ratio of surface to intracellular expression of CTLA-4 and its rate of endocytosis were similar in Th1 and Th2 clones. Inhibition of binding of CTLA-4 to its ligands using soluble anti-CTLA-4 mAb during stimulation with Ag increased the production not only of IL-2 by Th1 clones, but also that of IL-3 and IFN-gamma by Th1 clones and of IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 by Th2 clones. In contrast, when anti-CTLA-4 was coimmobilized with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs, a decrease in the production of multiple cytokines was observed. We conclude that CTLA-4 can function to suppress the production of cytokines produced by both Th1 and Th2 cells.
Heat Shock and Apoptosis: The Two Defense Systems of the Organism May Have Overlapping Molecular Elements (1998)

Stress response and apoptosis are two interrelated end points of the defense systems of living organisms. The molecular elements of the two have strong influences on each other. Ceramide formation and signal-induced phosphorylation cascades may be critical in determining the final fate of cells exposed to environmental changes.
The Doctrine of Equivalents: Rethinking the Balance Between Equity and Predictability (1992)

The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit is justifiably credited with the restoration of the prestige and enforceability of patents. However, in recent rulings regarding the doctrine of equivalents, it has returned to a realm of uncertainty which had once characterized the law of patents. In its current application, the doctrine of equivalents as a tool of equity is subject to inconsistent standards and rationales. Such inconsistency undermines the equitable underpinnings of the doctrine,· which themselves have for some time been involved in an ideological "tug of war." The task of applying the doctrine of equivalents to determine patent infringement has presented the Federal Circuit with a dilemma by requiring it to ascertain the breadth of a given scientific and technological breakthrough while using a description which is mainly grammatical in form. Unfortunately, the doctrine lacks clear guidelines for implementation from either statutory or common law to overcome this dilemma.
Proving and Defending Employment Discrimination Claims (1986)

In this, the first of three articles on employment discrimination, Professor Corbett discusses the three leading proofs of discrimination: disparate treatment, disparate impact, and lack of reasonable accommodation.These proof mechanisms
Novel Formulation of Chlorhexidine Spheres and Sustained Release with Multilayered Encapsulation (2016)

This work demonstrates the synthesis of new chlorhexidine polymorphs with controlled morphology and symmetry, which were used as a template for layer-by-layer (LbL) encapsulation. LbL self-assembly of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes onto the drug surface was used in the current work, as an efficient method to produce a carrier with high drug content, improved drug solubility and sustained release. Coprecipitation of the chlorhexidine polymorphs was performed using chlorhexidine diacetate and calcium chloride solutions. Porous interconnected chlorhexidine spheres were produced by tuning the concentration of calcium chloride. The size of these drug colloids could be further controlled from 5.6 μm to over 20 μm (diameter) by adjusting the coprecipitation temperature. The chlorhexidine content in the spheres was determined to be as high as 90%. These particles were further stabilized by depositing 3.5 bilayers of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) on the surface. In vitro release kinetics of chlorhexidine capsules showed that the multilayer shells could prolong the release, which was further demonstrated by characterizing the remaining chlorhexidine capsules with SEM and confocal microscopy. The new chlorhexidine polymorph and LbL coating has created novel chlorhexidine formulations. Further modification to the chlorhexidine polymorph structure is possible to achieve both sustained and stimuli responsive release, which will enhance its clinical performance in medicine and dentistry.
Inhibition of Escherichia coli glycosyltransferase MurG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Gal transferase by uridine-linked transition state mimics (2010)

Glycosyltransferase MurG catalyses the transfer of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine to lipid intermediate I on the bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway, and is a target for development of new antibacterial agents. A transition state mimic was designed for MurG, containing a functionalised proline, linked through the alpha-carboxylic acid, via a spacer, to a uridine nucleoside. A set of 15 functionalised prolines were synthesised, using a convergent dipolar cycloaddition reaction, which were coupled via either a glycine, proline, sarcosine, or diester linkage to the 5'-position of uridine. The library of 18 final compounds were tested as inhibitors of Escherichia coli glycosyltransferase MurG. Ten compounds showed inhibition of MurG at 1mM concentration, the most active with IC(50) 400microM. The library was also tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis galactosyltransferase GlfT2, and one compound showed effective inhibition at 1mM concentration.
Hydroamination of Alkynes Catalyzed by a Titanium Pyrrolyl Complex (2001)

The readily prepared pyrrolyl complex Ti(NMe2)2(dpma), where dpma is di(pyrrolyl-α-methyl)methylamine, is an effective precatalyst for the hydroamination of alkynes by primary amines. The catalysis is Markovnikov-selective and rapid with terminal alkynes.
Fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor in CSF: a candidate biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (2007)

These findings suggest that the CSF level of fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor may be a candidate biomarker for AD.
The Dehydrogenation of Corticosteroids with Chloranil<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Dehydrogenation of Corticosteroids with Chloranil1E. J. Agnello and G. D. LaubachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 16, 4293–4299Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01501a045RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views459Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (891 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Analysis of the small-angle intensity scattered by a porous and granular medium (2003)

Using X-ray scattering over a large range of scattering vectors, it is shown how to measure both the pore volume fraction and pore specific surface of an assembly of porous grains forming a powder. Depending on the presence or not of solvent in the inner pores and in the intergranular media, the scattered signal per unit volume of solid or per unit volume of grain are introduced, which allow a complete analysis even when the thickness of the layer and its compactness are unknown. The method is applied to three different systems presenting a well defined Porod regime at large scattering vector.
Physical Layer Signal Processing in LTE (2014)

This chapter focuses on the LTE physical layer procedural aspects that are necessary before any data can be sent across the air interface between the eNodeB and the UE. First a detailed overview of LTE downlink synchronization signals and cell search procedure is presented. Next, various reference signals and their relations to antenna ports are discussed. Several specific procedural topics related to channel estimation, decoding of various control channels, adaptive modulation/coding, and scheduling algorithms for mobile user selection for data transmission are explained.
Role of C-Reactive Protein at Sites of Inflammation and Infection (2018)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute inflammatory protein that increases up to 1,000-fold at sites of infection or inflammation. CRP is produced as a homopentameric protein, termed native CRP (nCRP), which can irreversibly dissociate at sites of inflammation and infection into five separate monomers, termed monomeric CRP (mCRP). CRP is synthesized primarily in liver hepatocytes but also by smooth muscle cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, and adipocytes. Evidence suggests that estrogen in the form of hormone replacement therapy influences CRP levels in the elderly. Having been traditionally utilized as a marker of infection and cardiovascular events, there is now growing evidence that CRP plays important roles in inflammatory processes and host responses to infection including the complement pathway, apoptosis, phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO) release, and the production of cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Unlike more recent publications, the findings of early work on CRP can seem somewhat unclear and at times conflicting since it was often not specified which particular CRP isoform was measured or utilized in experiments and whether responses attributed to nCRP were in fact possibly due to dissociation into mCRP or lipopolysaccharide contamination. In addition, since antibodies for mCRP are not commercially available, few laboratories are able to conduct studies investigating the mCRP isoform. Despite these issues and the fact that most CRP research to date has focused on vascular disorders, there is mounting evidence that CRP isoforms have distinct biological properties, with nCRP often exhibiting more anti-inflammatory activities compared to mCRP. The nCRP isoform activates the classical complement pathway, induces phagocytosis, and promotes apoptosis. On the other hand, mCRP promotes the chemotaxis and recruitment of circulating leukocytes to areas of inflammation and can delay apoptosis. The nCRP and mCRP isoforms work in opposing directions to inhibit and induce NO production, respectively. In terms of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, mCRP increases interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production, whereas nCRP has no detectable effect on their levels. Further studies are needed to expand on these emerging findings and to fully characterize the differential roles that each CRP isoform plays at sites of local inflammation and infection.