gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pore Formation and Uncoupling Initiate a Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Independent Degradation of Mitochondrial Phospholipids (2002)

Mitochondria contain a type IIA secretory phospholipase A(2) that has been thought to hydrolyze phospholipids following Ca(2+) accumulation and induction of the permeability transition. These enzymes normally require millimolar Ca(2+) for optimal activity; however, no dependence of the mitochondrial activity on Ca(2+) can be demonstrated upon equilibrating the matrix space with extramitochondrial Ca(2+) buffers. Ca(2+)-independent activity is seen following protonophore-mediated uncoupling, when uncoupling arises through alamethicin-mediated pore formation, or upon opening the permeability transition pore. Under the latter conditions, activity continues in the presence of excess EGTA but is somewhat enhanced by exogenous Ca(2+). The Ca(2+)-independent activity is best seen in media of high ionic strength and displays a broad pH optimum located between pH 8 and pH 8.5. It is strongly inhibited by bromoenol lactone but not by arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone, dithiothreitol, and other inhibitors of particular phospholipase A(2) classes. Immunoanalysis of mitochondria and mitochondrial subfractions shows that a membrane-bound protein is present that is recognized by antibody against an authentic iPLA(2) that was first found in P388D(1) cells. It is concluded that mitochondria contain a distinct Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) that is regulated by bioenergetic parameters. It is proposed that this enzyme, rather than the Ca(2+)-dependent type IIA phospholipase A(2), initiates the removal of poorly functioning mitochondria by processes involving autolysis.
Identification and Classification of Facial Familiarity in Directed Lying: An ERP Study (2012)

Recognizing familiar faces is essential to social functioning, but little is known about how people identify human faces and classify them in terms of familiarity. Face identification involves discriminating familiar faces from unfamiliar faces, whereas face classification involves making an intentional decision to classify faces as "familiar" or "unfamiliar." This study used a directed-lying task to explore the differentiation between identification and classification processes involved in the recognition of familiar faces. To explore this issue, the participants in this study were shown familiar and unfamiliar faces. They responded to these faces (i.e., as familiar or unfamiliar) in accordance with the instructions they were given (i.e., to lie or to tell the truth) while their EEG activity was recorded. Familiar faces (regardless of lying vs. truth) elicited significantly less negative-going N400f in the middle and right parietal and temporal regions than unfamiliar faces. Regardless of their actual familiarity, the faces that the participants classified as "familiar" elicited more negative-going N400f in the central and right temporal regions than those classified as "unfamiliar." The P600 was related primarily with the facial identification process. Familiar faces (regardless of lying vs. truth) elicited more positive-going P600f in the middle parietal and middle occipital regions. The results suggest that N400f and P600f play different roles in the processes involved in facial recognition. The N400f appears to be associated with both the identification (judgment of familiarity) and classification of faces, while it is likely that the P600f is only associated with the identification process (recollection of facial information). Future studies should use different experimental paradigms to validate the generalizability of the results of this study.
Fabrication of an ultrasharp and high-aspect-ratio microprobe with a silicon-on-insulator wafer for scanning force microscopy (1995)

A microprobe having an ultrasharp and high-aspect-ratio stylus was made using a directly bonded silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. The stylus and cantilever were made of 8 μm-thick (100)-Si film and 2 μm-thick dioxide film of the SOI wafer with sufficient reproducibility. The cantilever is 100 μm in length, 20 μm in width, and 1.6 μm in thickness; the stylus is 7 μm in height with an aspect ratio exceeding 2. The stylus was formed first by reactive ion etching and sharpened by orientation dependent etching with KOH solution. The apex of the stylus is 10 nm in radius of curvature. The present microprobe was found adequate for atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement with spatial resolution better than 10 nm in noncontact-mode topographic imaging. The mode of fabrication, mechanical properties of the microprobe, and results of AFM measurement are discussed.
Convenient preparative synthesis of [14C]trehalose from [14C]glucose by intact Escherichia coli cells (1989)

At high osmolarity, Escherichia coli synthesizes trehalose intracellularly, irrespective of the nature of the carbon source. Synthesis proceeds via the transfer of UDP-glucose to glucose 6-phosphate, yielding trehalose 6-phosphate, followed by its dephosphorylation to trehalose (H.M. Giaeyer, B.O. Styrvold, I. Kaasen, and A.R. Strøm, J. Bacteriol. 170:2841-2849, 1988). This reaction was exploited to preparatively synthesize [14C]trehalose from exogenous [14C]glucose by using intact bacteria of a mutant (DF214) that could not metabolize glucose. The total yield of radiochemically pure trehalose from glucose was routinely more than 50%.
Normal incident infrared absorption from InGaAs/GaAsquantum dot superlattice (1996)

The authors report for the first time, normal incident infrared absorption around the wavelength of 13–15 µm from a 20 period InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot superlattice (QDS). The structure of a QDS has been confirmed by cross-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by a photoluminescence spectrum (PL). This opens the way to high performance 8–14 µm quantum dot infrared detectors.
The Induction Range: Its Performance and Its Development Problems (1973)

Both in its initial concept and in its present form, the induction range has many desirable features when compared to conventional ranges. These are readily demonstrable by its superior thermal response, its convenience, and safety. All these attributes are possible because the use of electromagnetic induction permits the pan to be heated directly without heating the range surface first.
Overproduction of acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase isoenzymes in respiring<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>cells does not reduce acetate production after exposure to glucose excess (1998)

To investigate whether the production of acetate which occurs after exposure of respiring Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to excess glucose can be reduced by overproduction of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS, EC 6.2.1.1), the ACS1 and ACS2 genes were introduced on multi-copy plasmids. For each isoenzyme, the level in glucose-limited chemostat cultures was increased by 3-6-fold, relative to an isogenic reference strain. However, ACS overproduction did not result in a reduced production of acetate after a glucose pulse (100 mmol l-1) to these cultures. This indicates that a limited capacity of ACS is not the sole cause of acetate accumulation in S. cerevisiae.
Modification of pLL/DNA complexes with a multivalent hydrophilic polymer permits folate‐mediated targeting <i>in vitro</i> and prolonged plasma circulation <i>in vivo</i> (2002)

We show increased systemic circulation, decreased blood cell and protein binding, and folate-targeted transgene expression using pLL/DNA complexes surface-modified with a novel multireactive hydrophilic polymer. This work provides the basis for the development of plasma-circulating targeted vectors for in vivo applications.
Metabolic Syndrome and 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Hoorn Study (2005)

The metabolic syndrome, however defined, is associated with an approximate 2-fold increased risk of incident cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a European population. In clinical practice, a more informative assessment can be obtained by taking into account the number of individual risk factors.
The Extent and Potential Area of Salt-affected Land in Western Australia Estimated Using Remote Sensing and Digital Terrain Models (2004)

A number of ways of mapping, monitoring and predicting salt-affected land have been used, all of which have strengths and weaknesses. In WA, methods that have been used include ABS surveys, extrapolating from detailed catchment mapping, groundwater levels coupled with soil-landform maps (NLWRA methodology) and satellite remote sensing and digital terrain models ('Land Monitor' - this paper). The ABS method may underestimate the extent of salinity whereas catchment mapping and the NLWRA method overestimates its extent and hazard. The Land Monitor method estimates that about 821,000 hectares were affected by secondary salinity (greater-than 1996) and this area had increased by about 14,000 ha per annum since 1989. The area with a salinity hazard (ie may develop salinity in future depending upon controlling factors) is estimated to be up to 5.4 million hectares of total land (between 2.8 and 4.4 million hectares of agricultural land). The results indicate that there may be less land at risk and more time to develop innovative plant and engineering solutions than was previously thought. The Land Monitor method has advantages in that it shows where salinity is within catchments and hazard areas at the regional scale are identified more efficiently than in any other method. In addition, the method is repeatable and allows confidence limits to be placed on the estimates.
Dynamic Planar Solid Phase Microextraction−Ion Mobility Spectrometry for Rapid Field Air Sampling and Analysis of Illicit Drugs and Explosives (2010)

A preconcentration device that targets the volatile chemical signatures associated with illicit drugs and explosives (high and low) has been designed to fit in the inlet of an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS). This is the first reporting of a fast and sensitive method for dynamic sampling of large volumes of air using planar solid phase microextraction (PSPME) incorporating a high surface area for absorption of analytes onto a sol-gel polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating for direct thermal desorption into an IMS. This device affords high extraction efficiencies due to strong retention properties at ambient temperature, resulting in the detection of analyte concentrations in the parts per trillion range when as low as 3.5 L of air are sampled over the course of 10 s (absolute mass detection of less than a nanogram). Dynamic PSPME was used to sample the headspace over the following: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) tablets resulting in the detection of 12-40 ng of piperonal, high explosives (Pentolite) resulting in the detection of 0.6 ng of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and low explosives (several smokeless powders) resulting in the detection of 26-35 ng of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 11-74 ng of diphenylamine (DPA).
Long Sentence Partitioning using Structure Analysis for Machine Translation. (2001)

in machine translation, long sentences are usually assumed to be difficult to treat. The main reason is the syntactic ambiguity which increases explosively as a sentence become longer.
Fluorophore and Dye-Assisted Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solution (2012)

DNA short oligo, surfactant, peptides, and polymer-assisted dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) in aqueous solution have been intensively studied. It has been suggested that van der Waals interaction, π-π stacking, and hydrophobic interaction are major factors that account for the SWCNTs dispersion. Fluorophore and dye molecules such as Rhodamine B and fluorescein have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. These molecules also contain π-conjugated systems that can potentially interact with SWCNTs to induce its dispersion. Through a systematic study, here we show that SWCNTs can be dispersed in aqueous solution in the presence of various fluorophore or dye molecules. However, the ability of a fluorophore or dye molecule to disperse SWCNTs is not correlated with the stability of the fluorophore/dye-SWCNT complex, suggesting that the on-rate of fluorophore/dye binding to SWCNTs may dominate the efficiency of this process. We also examined the uptake of fluorophore molecules by mammalian cells when these molecules formed complexes with SWCNTs. The results can have potential applications in the delivery of poor cell-penetrating fluorophore molecules.
Effect of community assembly and primary succession on the species‐area relationship in disturbed ecosystems (2006)

The species‐area relationship (SAR) provides a cornerstone for ecological theory. Implicit in SAR studies is the assumption that SAR properties, especially SAR slopes, remain constant through time, even though the ecosystem characteristics that they encompass–the spatial distribution and abundance of species–change on seasonal to evolutionary time scales. Focusing on disturbed subalpine systems, we evaluated whether SAR properties are a function of stage of succession at Mount St. Helens, WA, and at Gothic, CO. We found that the SAR flattens and shifts upward as these systems mature. The decrease in SAR curvature at Mount St. Helens suggests a transition toward power‐law SAR behavior with assembly. Overall, the observed changes in SAR properties raise questions about the appropriateness of applying contemporary SARs to predict future levels of species richness in disturbed or successional systems.
ALLY: an operator's associate for cooperative supervisory control systems (1993)

The design, implementation, and evaluation of ALLY, a computer-based associate for the human supervisor of a simulated satellite ground control system, is described. ALLY's dynamic intent inferencing abilities and system control properties are described. Experimental evaluation of ALLY compared performance of a two-person team with a person-ALLY team in the control of a simulated satellite ground control system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Texygen: A Benchmarking Platform for Text Generation Models (2018)

We introduce Texygen, a benchmarking platform to support research on open-domain text generation models. Texygen has not only implemented a majority of text generation models, but also covered a set of metrics that evaluate the diversity, the quality and the consistency of the generated texts. The Texygen platform could help standardize the research on text generation and facilitate the sharing of fine-tuned open-source implementations among researchers for their work. As a consequence, this would help in improving the reproductivity and reliability of future research work in text generation.
20.3: Full Color Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display with High Color Performance (2010)

Abstract A 10 inch full color cholesteric liquid crystal display ChLCD with high reflectivity and high resolution is demonstrated. This display consists only one ChLC panel which is fabricated by the development of the pixelized vacuum filling PVF technique. The reflectivity of our ChLCD was improved to about 26% with 4bit color, its contrast ration is over 6 and the resolution is 100 ppi.
In-vitro activity of vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin, ramoplanin, MDL 62873 and other agents against staphylococi, enterococci and <i>Clostridium difficile</i> (1990)

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of different antibiotics were determined by a broth microdilution method for staphylococci, enterococci and Clostridium difficile. The antimicrobial agents tested were vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin, ramoplanin, MDL 62873, rifampicin and piperacillin, the latter limited to enterococci. In terms of MIC90S, daptomycin (0.89 mg/l). MDL 62873 (0.99 mg/l), and teicoplanin (1.50 mg/l) were found to be highly active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Daptomycin (MIC90 0.48 mg/l), MDL 62873 (0.95 mg/l) and ramoplanin (1.45 mg/l) were the most active drugs against methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE). Teicoplanin (MIC90 0.45 mg/l) was the most active agent against enterococci, followed by MDL 62873 (0.65 mg/l) and daptomycin (1.60 mg/l). MDL 62873 gave the lowest MIC90 (0.17 mg/l) for C. difficile. Teicoplanin (MIC90 0.42 mg/l), daptomycin (0.87 mg/l) and ramoplanin (0.98 mg/l) were also very active. Our results indicate that teicoplanin, daptomycin, ramoplanin and MDL 62873, a teicoplanin derivative, are potentially effective alternative antibiotics for treatment of infections caused by staphylococci, enterococci and C. difficile.
Synthesis by extrusion: continuous, large-scale preparation of MOFs using little or no solvent (2015)

Continuous flow mechanochemical and melt-phase synthesis at kg h<sup>−1</sup> rates from solid reagents and either no solvent, or only minimal solvent, is reported.
Recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies and therapeutic genes (1999)

Structure of proteins protein engineering - novel properties genetically engineered proteins monoclonal antibodies beyond the proteins - replacement of proteins in therapy.
Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the magnetization mechanisms in Ni-Zn ferrite (1975)

In this paper we investigate the influence of hydrostatic pressure (up to 1000 bar) on the magnetization mechanisms of spinel polycrystalline ferrites. The results presented here have been obtained on the composition Ni <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">.36</inf> Zn <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">.64</inf> Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> . We show that : - the inverse of the initial susceptibility increases linearly with the pressure, - both the critical field H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cr</inf> , where the susceptibility begins to increase sharply, and the field H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> corresponding to the maximum of susceptibility, increase also linearly with the pressure. Similar laws have been found for the same composition at other temperatures, as well as for different compositions, - a new phenomenon has to be noted : a "pressure induced hysteresis" of the initial susceptibility, - the initial magnetization curves for different pressures can be reduced to a single curve by taking into account the ratio H/H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cr</inf> (where H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cr</inf> is the critical unpinning field for the domain walls). The interpretation is based on a model previously proposed by Globus.
CDK8 expression in 470 colorectal cancers in relation to β‐catenin activation, other molecular alterations and patient survival (2009)

Alterations in the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway define a key event in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. We have recently shown that CDK8, the gene encoding a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) component of the Mediator complex, acts as a colon cancer oncogene that is necessary for beta-catenin activity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that colorectal cancers with CDK8 expression have distinct clinical, prognostic and molecular attributes. Among 470 colorectal cancers identified in 2 prospective cohort studies, CDK8 expression was detected in 329 (70%) tumors by immunohistochemistry. Cox proportional hazards model and backward stepwise elimination were used to compute hazard ratio (HR) of deaths according to CDK8 status, initially adjusted for various patient and molecular features, including beta-catenin, p53, p21, p27 (CDK inhibitors), cyclin D1, fatty acid synthase (FASN), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), LINE-1 methylation, and mutations in KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA. CDK8 expression in colorectal cancer was independently associated with beta-catenin activation (p = 0.0002), female gender (p < 0.0001) and FASN overexpression (p = 0.0003). Among colon cancer patients, CDK8 expression significantly increased colon cancer-specific mortality in both univariate analysis [HR 1.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-2.83; p = 0.039] and multivariate analysis (adjusted HR 2.05; 95% CI, 1.18-3.56; p = 0.011) that was adjusted for potential confounders including beta-catenin, COX-2, FASN, LINE-1 hypomethylation, CIMP and MSI. CDK8 expression was unrelated with clinical outcome among rectal cancer patients. These data support a potential link between CDK8 and beta-catenin, and suggest that CDK8 may identify a subset of colon cancer patients with a poor prognosis.
Effects of Lipid-Lowering Therapy with Rosuvastatin on Kidney Function and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy (2011)

Rosuvastatin administration reduced albuminuria, oxidative stress, and serum cystatin C levels, independent of blood pressure and lipid levels.
Eigenbands fusion for frontal face recognition (2004)

Face recognition is an important area of research with many applications, including biometric security and searching face databases. This article describes an approach to recognize faces using eigenbands, which aim to capture the best features from facial characteristics. Faces are divided in vertical and horizontal bands. From each band is extracted features using standard-PCA. Results show that the standard-PCA applied over vertical band faces, using Bayes classifier, was more accurate than previous methods reported on the ORL face database.
Vaccine-induced antibodies to herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D epitopes involved in virus entry and cell-to-cell spread correlate with protection against genital disease in guinea pigs (2018)

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D (gD2) subunit antigen is included in many preclinical candidate vaccines. The rationale for including gD2 is to produce antibodies that block crucial gD2 epitopes involved in virus entry and cell-to-cell spread. HSV-2 gD2 was the only antigen in the Herpevac Trial for Women that protected against HSV-1 genital infection but not HSV-2. In that trial, a correlation was detected between gD2 ELISA titers and protection against HSV-1, supporting the importance of antibodies. A possible explanation for the lack of protection against HSV-2 was that HSV-2 neutralization titers were low, four-fold lower than to HSV-1. Here, we evaluated neutralization titers and epitope-specific antibody responses to crucial gD2 epitopes involved in virus entry and cell-to-cell spread as correlates of immune protection against genital lesions in immunized guinea pigs. We detected a strong correlation between neutralizing antibodies and protection against genital disease. We used a high throughput biosensor competition assay to measure epitope-specific responses to seven crucial gD2 linear and conformational epitopes involved in virus entry and spread. Some animals produced antibodies to most crucial epitopes while others produced antibodies to few. The number of epitopes recognized by guinea pig immune serum correlated with protection against genital lesions. We confirmed the importance of antibodies to each crucial epitope using monoclonal antibody passive transfer that improved survival and reduced genital disease in mice after HSV-2 genital challenge. We re-evaluated our prior study of epitope-specific antibody responses in women in the Herpevac Trial. Humans produced antibodies that blocked significantly fewer crucial gD2 epitopes than guinea pigs, and antibody responses in humans to some linear epitopes were virtually absent. Neutralizing antibody titers and epitope-specific antibody responses are important immune parameters to evaluate in future Phase I/II prophylactic human vaccine trials that contain gD2 antigen.