gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical Properties of $\hbox{Ga}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}/ \hbox{GaAs}$ Interfaces and GdGaO Dielectrics in GaAs-Based MOSFETs (2008)

Electrical properties of Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /GaAs interfaces with GdGaO cap dielectrics used in recent enhancement-mode GaAs-based NMOSFETs which perform in line with theoretical model predictions are presented. Capacitors with GdGaO thickness ranging from 3.0 to 18 nm (0.9 les EOT les 3.9 nm) have been characterized by capacitance-voltage measurements. Midgap interface state density D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</sub> , effective workfunction phi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> , fixed charge Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</sub> , dielectric constant kappa, and low field leakage current density are 2 times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> middoteV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , 4.93 eV, -8.9 times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , 19.5, and 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> - 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively. The presence of interfacial Gd was confirmed to dramatically degrade electrical interface properties. The data illuminate the intimate interplay between heterostructure and interface engineering to achieve optimum MOSFET operation.
Eyelashes divert airflow to protect the eye (2015)

Eyelashes are ubiquitous, although their function has long remained a mystery. In this study, we elucidate the aerodynamic benefits of eyelashes. Through anatomical measurements, we find that 22 species of mammals possess eyelashes of a length one-third the eye width. Wind tunnel experiments confirm that this optimal eyelash length reduces both deposition of airborne particles and evaporation of the tear film by a factor of two. Using scaling theory, we find this optimum arises because of the incoming flow's interactions with both the eye and eyelashes. Short eyelashes create a stagnation zone above the ocular surface that thickens the boundary layer, causing shear stress to decrease with increasing eyelash length. Long eyelashes channel flow towards the ocular surface, causing shear stress to increase with increasing eyelash length. These competing effects result in a minimum shear stress for intermediate eyelash lengths. This design may be employed in creating eyelash-inspired protection for optical sensors.
Note on Psychological Differences between 18-Yr.-Old Finnish Females Who Use vs Do Not Use Oral Contraceptives (1987)

18-yr.-old Finnish women who use vs do not use oral contraceptives differed in their leisure activities, social contacts, life values and experienced “atmosphere at home,” and with respect to some educational values of their parents.
The Complete Guide to Mergers and Acquisitions: Process Tools to Support M&A Integration at Every Level (1999)

Ease the M&A process with a more effective integration plan

	The Complete Guide Mergers and Acquisitions is the ultimate handbook for planning and managing post-merger integration. Packed full of how to guidance, tools, templates and resources that have been put the test on numerous due diligence and integration efforts around the world, The Complete Guide Mergers and Acquisitions has been the go-to guide for firms seeking maximize the value of their deals since the release of the first edition in 1999.

	Poor integration management virtually ensures that a merger or acquisition will fail meet financial and strategic goals. The Complete Guide Mergers and Acquisitions provides the information that enables firms quickly and prudently capture projected cost and revenue synergies, and move the combined organization forward. The book addresses strategic deal considerations, due diligence, integration management, people dynamics and cultural integration, common integration mistakes, communications strategies, and provides actionable steps toward creating measurable, positive results throughout the integration process. The updated third edition contains new information and tools help firms in any industry manage deals of all sizes, including:

	
		Results of The State of M&A Integration Effectiveness Survey, 2014
	
		A new chapter on the M&A process deal stages, with an expanded Deal Flow Model
	
		Findings of substantial M&A research from various studies in multiple industries and organizations, supporting the concepts presented throughout the book
	
		New and revised tools and templates for due diligence, integration, and results measurement and reporting
	
		New case examples of recent transactions
	
		Highlighted 'Key Principles' throughout each chapter
	
		A summary of key points at the end of each chapter
	
		Discussion questions addressing the key themes of each chapter
	
		A 'rapid assessment' diagnostic regarding the key elements of each chapter, which can be completed for any organization
	
		A revised chapter on taking your M&A game the next level – essential requirements for building M&A capabilities into a consistently successful enterprise competency


	Merger and acquisition activity across the globe continues grow, and is also playing a major role in the development of expanding markets. A well-managed integration effort is essential success, and failure means a tremendous waste in terms of time and money, as well as the rapid destruction of shareholder value. The Complete Guide Mergers and Acquisitions: Process Tools Support M&A Integration at Every Level, Third Edition is an invaluable resource guide firms in managing M&A integration and maximize the value of their deals.
Roles of eEF-2 kinase in cancer. (2012)

eEF-2 kinase fills critical niches in the life of a cancer cell and the eEF-2/eEF-2 kinase pathway is a key biochemical sensor.
RNase H activity of HIV reverse transcriptases is confined exclusively to the dimeric forms (1992)

A method for the rapid preparation of a defined substrate to monitor RNase H activity has been developed. Using this substrate, we have investigated the RNase H activities of the different forms of recombinant HIV-1 and HIV-2 reverse transcriptase (RT) in detail. As we report here, RNase H activity is associated only with the dimeric forms (p51/p66 or p66/p66) of the enzymes.
Mitigation of Positive Zero Effect on Nonminimum Phase Boost DC–DC Converters in CCM (2017)

The control loop stability in boost converters operating in continuous conduction mode has been restricted due to its nonminimum phase nature: the presence of a positive zero (right-half plane zero) in the control to output voltage transfer function. This paper proposes a method to mitigate the effect of the zero on the control loop by shifting the position of the zero to the left-half plane and hence leading to increased stability for the control loop of the boost converter. Superior performance of the proposed method has been clearly demonstrated using simulation and experimental results.
Mycobacterium chelonae associated with tumor-like skin and oral masses in farmed Russian sturgeons (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) (2014)

We hypothesized that the occurrence of M. chelonae in farmed sturgeons was only a secondary event related to its presence in a stressful rearing environment and subsequent to a dystrophic calcinosis occurred in previously damaged tissues.
Collagen mimetic peptides: progress towards functional applications (2011)

Traditionally, collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) have been used for elucidating the structure of the collagen triple helix and the factors responsible for its stabilization. The wealth of fundamental knowledge on collagen structure and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions accumulated over the past decades has led to a recent burst of research exploring the potential of CMPs to recreate the higher order assembly and biological function of natural collagens for biomedical applications. Although a large portion of such research is still at an early stage, the collagen triple helix has become a promising structural motif for engineering self-assembled, hierarchical constructs similar to natural tissue scaffolds which are expected to exhibit unique or enhanced biological activities. This paper reviews recent progress in the field of collagen mimetic peptides that bears both direct and indirect implications to engineering collagen-like materials for potential biomedical use. Various CMPs and collagen-like proteins that mimic either structural or functional characteristics of natural collagens are discussed with particular emphasis on providing helpful information to bioengineers and biomaterials scientists interested in collagen engineering.
Unified Framework for the Synchronization of Flexible Multicarrier Communication Signals (2012)

This paper presents a unified framework for the formulation of synchronization algorithms dealing with the general class of Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) communication signals. This is a wide family of signaling formats that includes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), for instance, as just one of many particular cases. One of the main contributions of this work is the proposal of a novel matrix signal model for so-called flexible FBMC signals, in which no restrictions are imposed on the signal design parameters (i.e., pulse shaping, symbol rate, carrier spacing, sampling frequency, etc.), unlike the type of multicarrier signals currently deployed. As an example of application of the proposed matrix signal model, blind joint time-delay and frequency estimators will be derived under both the Conditional Maximum Likelihood (CML) and the low-SNR Unconditional Maximum Likelihood (UML) principles, for any FBMC signal propagating through an arbitrary multipath channel. These estimators will be specialized first for the case of critically sampled cyclic-prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) signals in frequency flat fading, leading to simple architectures amenable to a hardware implementation. Later on, and for the low-SNR UML principle, the special case of critically sampled CP-OFDM in multipath channels will be addressed, where a novel synchronizer will be proposed.
In Search of Identity: Inner Diaspora and Psychic Healing in Rudyard Kipling's <i>Kim</i> and Salman Rushdie's <i>Midnight's Children</i> (2010)

(2010). In Search of Identity: Inner Diaspora and Psychic Healing in Rudyard Kipling's Kim and Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children. South Asian Review: Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 9-26.
Iron and Cancer (2018)

This review explores the multifaceted role that iron has in cancer biology. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between excess iron and increased cancer incidence and risk, while experimental studies have implicated iron in cancer initiation, tumor growth, and metastasis. The roles of iron in proliferation, metabolism, and metastasis underpin the association of iron with tumor growth and progression. Cancer cells exhibit an iron-seeking phenotype achieved through dysregulation of iron metabolic proteins. These changes are mediated, at least in part, by oncogenes and tumor suppressors. The dependence of cancer cells on iron has implications in a number of cell death pathways, including ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death. Uniquely, both iron excess and iron depletion can be utilized in anticancer therapies. Investigating the efficacy of these therapeutic approaches is an area of active research that promises substantial clinical impact.
Role of mechanical factors in the clinical presentation of plantar heel pain: Implications for management (2019)

Plantar heel pain is a common musculoskeletal foot disorder that can have a negative impact on activities of daily living and it is of multifactorial etiology. A variety of mechanical factors, which result in excessive load at the plantar fascia insertion, are thought to contribute to the onset of the condition. This review presents the evidence for associations between commonly assessed mechanical factors and plantar heel pain, which could guide management. Plantar heel pain is associated with a higher BMI in non-athletic groups, reduced dorsiflexion range of motion, as well as reduced strength in specific foot and ankle muscle groups. There is conflicting, or insufficient evidence regarding the importance of foot alignment and first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion. Plantar heel pain appears to be common in runners, with limited evidence for greater risk being associated with higher mileage or previous injuries. Conflicting evidence exists regarding the relationship between work-related standing and plantar heel pain, however, longer standing duration may be associated with plantar heel pain in specific worker groups. The evidence presented has been generated through studies with cross-sectional designs, therefore it is not known whether any of these associated factors have a causative relationship with plantar heel pain. Longitudinal studies are needed to ascertain whether the strength and flexibility impairments associated with plantar heel pain are a cause or consequence of the condition, as well as to establish activity thresholds that increase risk. Intervention approaches should consider strategies that improve strength and flexibility, as well as those that influence plantar fascia loading such as body weight reduction, orthoses and management of athletic and occupational workload.
Mitochondrial Ribosome as the Target for the Macrolide Antibiotic Clarithromycin in the Helminth <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> (2005)

The mitochondrial rRNA of the tapeworm species Echinococcus multilocularis carries an adenine at sequence position 2058 (numbering according to that for Escherichia coli) of the large-subunit rRNA (lsrRNA), while the nucleus-encoded rRNA, as determined in this study, is characterized by 2058G. This indicates a dichotomy in the drug susceptibilities of ribosomes: cytoplasmic ribosomes are predicted to be resistant to macrolide antibiotics, while mitochondrial ribosomes lack the most common chromosomal resistance determinant, lsrRNA 2058G. Upon incubation with the macrolide clarithromycin, the formation of vesicles from metacestode tissue was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Electron microscopy revealed distinct morphological alterations both of the mitochondria and of the vesicle wall (e.g., loss of microtriches) in drug-treated vesicles. Adult worms lost their motility and displayed morphological changes (shortening and constriction of proglottids and the presence of vacuoles) upon incubation with clarithromycin. Our findings demonstrate that macrolides have distinct in vitro effects on E. multilocularis, endorsing the use of sequence-based in silico approaches for exploitation of available ribosomal drugs as anthelmintic agents.
Catabolism of circulating enzymes: plasma clearance, endocytosis, and breakdown of lactate dehydrogenase-1 in rabbits. (1988)

Lactate dehydrogenase-1 (EC 1.1.1.27), intravenously injected into rabbits, was cleared with first-order kinetics (half-life 27 min), until at least 80% of the injected activity had disappeared from plasma. Radioactivity from injected 125I-labeled enzyme disappeared at this same rate. Trichloroacetic-acid-soluble breakdown products started to appear in the circulation shortly after injection of the labeled enzyme. Body scans of the rabbits for 80 min after injection of 131I-labeled enzyme revealed rapid accumulation of label in the liver, peaking 10-20 min after injection. Subsequently, activity in the liver declined and radioactivity (probably labeled breakdown products of low molecular mass) steadily accumulated in the bladder. Tissue fractionation of liver, 19 min after injection of labeled enzyme, indicated that the radioactivity was present both in endosomes and in lysosomes, suggesting uptake by endocytosis, followed by breakdown in the lysosomes. Measurements of radioactivity in liver and plasma suggest that the liver is responsible for the breakdown of at least 75% of the injected enzyme. Radioautography of tissue sections of liver and spleen showed accumulated radioactivity in sinusoidal liver cells and red pulpa, respectively. These results are very similar to those for lactate dehydrogenase-5, creatine kinase MM, and several other enzymes that we have previously studied in rats.
Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP) Transgenic Rodents as Models for Type 2 Diabetes (2006)

Blood glucose concentrations are maintained by insulin secreted from beta-cells located in the islets of Langerhans. There are approximately 2000 beta-cells per islet, and approximately one million islets of Langerhans scattered throughout the pancreas. The islet in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has deficient beta-cell mass due to increased beta-cell apoptosis and islet amyloid derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). Accumulating evidence implicates toxic IAPP oligomers in the mediation of beta-cell apoptosis in T2D. Humans, monkeys, and cats express an amyloidogenic toxic form of IAPP and spontaneously develop diabetes characterized by islet amyloid deposits. However, longitudinal studies of islet pathology in humans are impossible, and studies in nonhuman primates and cats are costly and impractical. Rodent IAPP is not amyloidogenic, thus commonly used rodent models of diabetes do not recapitulate islet pathology in humans. To investigate the diabetogenic role of human IAPP (h-IAPP), several mouse models and, more recently, a rat model transgenic for h-IAPP have been developed. Studies in these models have revealed that the toxic effect of h-IAPP on beta-cell apoptosis demonstrates a threshold-dependent effect. Specifically, increasing h-IAPP transgene expression by breeding or induction of insulin resistance leads to increased beta-cell apoptosis and diabetes. These transgenic rodent models for h-IAPP provide an opportunity to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for h-IAPP-induced beta-cell apoptosis further and to test novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of T2D.
The Influence of Inflammatory Cytokines on Estrogen Production and Cell Proliferation in Human Breast Cancer Cells. (2002)

Estrogens play important roles in the development of breast cancer. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) exist at high concentrations in breast cancer tissue. Although these cytokines are thought to exert some effect on cancer growth, their precise mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of inflammatory cytokines on aromatase (Arom) and steroid sulfatase (STS), which are estrogen-producing enzymes, and cell proliferation using human breast cancer cell lines (SK-BR-3, MCF-7). IL-6 and IL-1 beta stimulated the activity of Arom and STS. Estrone sulfate (E1-S) had a stimulus effect on cell proliferation of MCF-7. Although IL-6 did not show significant effect on cell proliferation, cell proliferation was significantly increased when IL-6 and E1-S were simultaneously added to the incubation medium. This cell proliferative effect was apparently stronger than the addition of E1-S alone. Addition of IL-1 beta in the presence of E1-S also significantly enhanced cell proliferation though IL-1 beta alone did not show any effect. These results led us to the hypothesis that inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-1 beta regulate proliferation of breast cancer cells through estrogen production by steroid-catalyzing enzymes in the tissue.
The Generalized Discontinuous PWM Scheme for Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverters (2004)

This paper presents analytical techniques for the determination of the expressions for the modulation signals used in the carrier-based sinusoidal and generalized discontinuous pulse-width modulation schemes for two-level, three-phase voltage source inverters. The proposed modulation schemes are applicable to inverters generating balanced or unbalanced phase voltages. Some results presented in this paper analytically generalize the several expressions for the modulation signals already reported in the literature and new ones are set forth for generating unbalanced three-phase voltages. Confirmatory experimental and simulation results are provided to illustrate the analyses.
Antibacterial activity of antileukoprotease (1996)

Antileukoprotease (ALP), or secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor, is an endogenous inhibitor of serine proteinases that is present in various external secretions. ALP, one of the major inhibitors of serine proteinases present in the human lung, is a potent reversible inhibitor of elastase and, to a lesser extent, of cathepsin G. In equine neutrophils, an antimicrobial polypeptide that has some of the characteristics of ALP has been identified (M. A. Couto, S. S. L. Harwig, J. S. Cullor, J. P. Hughes, and R. I. Lehrer, Infect. Immun. 60:5042-5047, 1992). This report, together with the cationic nature of ALP, led us to investigate the antimicrobial activity of ALP. ALP was shown to display marked in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. On a molar basis, the activity of ALP was lower than that of two other cationic antimicrobial polypeptides, lysozyme and defensin. ALP comprises two homologous domains: its proteinase-inhibitory activities are known to be located in the second COOH-terminal domain, and the function of its first NH2-terminal domain is largely unknown. Incubation of intact ALP or its isolated first domain with E. coli or S. aureus resulted in killing of these bacteria, whereas its second domain displayed very little antibacterial activity. Together these data suggest a putative antimicrobial role for the first domain of ALP and indicate that its antimicrobial activity may equip ALP to contribute to host defense against infection.