gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COMPLEX FORMATION BETWEEN BASIC ANTIBIOTICS AND DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID IN HUMAN PULMONARY SECRETIONS (1965)

1. Complex formation and precipitation of DNA by neomycin, with consequent inactivation of the antibiotic, has been shown to occur in the pulmonary secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis. 2. Highly polymerized DNA from a variety of sources, as well as two samples of RNA, were precipitated by neomycin in vitro. Polymixin, kanamycin, colymycin, and streptomycin similarly co-precipitate with DNA in vitro. 3. The minimum chain length of polynucleotide required for precipitation in the DNA-neomycin system was 10. 4. The complex is readily attacked by DNase I resulting in the splitting of the DNA and the liberation of the antibiotic. Both components of the complex are solubilized in M sodium chloride. 5. The resistance of purulent foci of infection to therapy with basic antimicrobial agents may, in part, be due to the complex formation with the high levels of DNA found at the site of infection.
Controlled Growth of Monodisperse Self-Supported Superparamagnetic Nanostructures of Spherical and Rod-Like CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocrystals (2009)

Novel shape- and structural-controlled superparamagnetic nanostructures composed of self-supported spherical and rod-like CoFe(2)O(4) colloidal nanocrystals have been prepared by thermolysis of a stoichiometric Co(2+)Fe(2)(3+)-oleate complex in organic solution with periodic injection of hexane for controlling the nucleation, assembly, and growth of the nuclei.
A stepwise refinement approach to multimedia presentation designs (2002)

We propose a stepwise refinement mechanism for the analysis and design of multimedia presentations. The mechanism is based on a revised data flow/control flow diagram (DFD/CFD) and an improved Petri net. A number of new diagram components are introduced in the multimedia DFD/CFD. The Petri net is also extended to allow interactions and conditions. Unlike mapping a traditional data flow/control flow diagram to a structured chart, the refinement of a multimedia DFD/CFD results in a number of multimedia Petri nets which represent the schedule and navigation of a presentation. The layout of the presentation can be designed by using our graphical user interface of an implemented presentation system. The proposed mechanism also allows a presentation to change itself. Thus a dynamic multimedia presentation can learn from an audience and act according to the audience's individual behavior. Algorithms of the Petri net engine are also described. Using our system, a presentation designer is able to analyze his/her presentation script and design the presentation in a systematic manner.
Differential Regulation by Glucocorticoid of Interleukin-13–induced Eosinophilia, Hyperresponsiveness, and Goblet Cell Hyperplasia in Mouse Airways (2002)

Interleukin (IL)-13 induces important features of bronchial asthma such as eosinophilic infiltration, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and mucus hypersecretion. Although glucocorticoids suppress airway inflammation and remain the most effective therapy for asthma, the effects of glucocorticoids on the IL-13-dependent features are unknown. We studied the effects of dexamethasone on eotaxin production, eosinophil accumulation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and AHR after IL-13 administration into the airways of mice in vivo. MUC5AC gene expression, a marker of goblet cell hyperplasia, was also analyzed. IL-13 alone dose dependently induced AHR. Treatment with dexamethasone inhibited eotaxin expression and completely abolished eosinophil accumulation, but it did not affect AHR, MUC5AC overexpression, or goblet cell hyperplasia induced by IL-13. The effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on IL-13-induced AHR were also examined. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha did not affect AHR despite marked enhancement of eosinophil infiltration in IL-13-treated mice. These findings suggest that glucocorticoid is not sufficient to suppress IL-13-induced AHR or goblet cell hyperplasia and that eotaxin expression and eosinophilic inflammation do not have a causal relationship to the induction of AHR or goblet cell hyperplasia by IL-13. Control of steroid-resistant features induced by IL-13, including AHR and mucus production, may provide new therapeutic modalities for asthma.
A Wideband Circularly Polarized Cross-Dipole Antenna (2014)

This letter introduces a wideband circularly polarized (CP) cross-dipole antenna fabricated on a double-layered printed circuit board (PCB) substrate for 2.45-GHz ISM band wireless communications. Unlike conventional cross-dipole antennas, the proposed cross dipole is designed with wide open ends such that both impedance and axial-ratio (AR) bandwidths are enhanced. In addition, to excite the CP radiation effectively, a curved-delay line providing an orthogonal phase difference among the cross-dipole elements is attached at the corners of the sequentially rotated elements. By choosing a proper radius of the curved-delay line, a wide input impedance of the antenna can be realized. The antenna is center-fed by a 50- Ω coaxial cable and is placed above a square reflector to obtain a directional CP radiation pattern. With the advantage of centered feed, symmetric CP radiation patterns can be achieved across the entire operating bandwidth. Simulated and measured results confirm the proposed antenna produced good CP characteristics. An impedance bandwidth (for VSWR ≤ 2) of about 50.2% (1.99-3.22 GHz) and the 3-dB AR bandwidth of about 27% (2.30-2.9 GHz) around the center frequency of 2.45 GHz were measured. The antenna has an average CP gain of 6.2 dBic across the operating bandwidth and the maximum gain of 6.8 dBic at the center frequency. The size of antenna is 0.45λ×0.45λ×0.24λ.
Peasants as a Focus in African Studies (1977)

Are there peasants in Africa? This question is not academic, though academics have contributed extensively to the discussion. Once seen as a transitional stage, peasants and peasant societies have emerged as a focus for research that, to an increasing extent, cuts across disciplines, continents, and historical periods. This developing academic interest is conveying new insights into the relationships between rural dwellers and their political and social systems. Africa is a continent without peasants, so the conventional wisdom has stated. The syllogistic reasoning runs as follows: cultivable land is relatively abundant, at least in most parts of tropical Africa, resulting in a relative absence of population pressures. Patterns of communal land tenure remain the norm in rural areas. Hence, given the absence of both pressure on the land and individual land title, Africa lacks peasants-since there are neither landlords to collect nor rents to be collected. Tribal feelings of solidarity, it is further asserted, preclude the emergence of the peasantry as a class cutting across diverse groups. Finally, the absence in many parts of tropical Africa of cities and structured states meant that cultivators rather than peasants were common. Let us look briefly at these arguments. Available statistics indicate that land is indeed available. Most African states rank relatively high in terms of total area of agricultural land. The World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators lists 130 states in ascending order of agricultural area: Egypt places 9, Mauritius 13, Gabon 27, and Nigeria 37-but African states also account for 21 of the last 34 states in the table (Taylor and Hudson, 1973: 303-5.) Population density data similarly suggest relatively limited pressures. Of 136 countries listed by the same source, only 3 African countries appear in the first 59 (Rwanda and Burundi show the most extreme pressure, ranking 28 and 29); 38 of the last 69 are African countries (Taylor and Hudson, 1973: 299-302). Thus, leaving aside such crowded areas as the Nile Valley, the interlacustrine Bantu-speaking area, and parts of coastal West Africa from Ghana through Cameroon, the picture of low population densities appears generally accurate. Land abundance, however, says little, if anything, about soil fertility and productivity. The relatively low population densities indicated by United Nations figures may be due to inadequate natural resources and historical factors. In blunt terms, it may not be possible to support significant rural populations in Africa. Hopkins (1973: 15), in his Economic History of West Africa, points to such causes as inadequate soils, lack of water and salt, mortality from disease, and conflict as explanations of the relatively low densities. The long term demographic consequences of the slave trade have often been noted. Whatever the causes may be,
A dynamic and asymmetric phantom for left ventricular regional wall motion assessment (2002)

The authors have designed a phantom consisting of 2 independent latex balloon chambers to investigate regional left ventricular contractibility. The wall motion of each chamber has different, amplitudes thus simulating a regional dysfunction. This phantom is applicable to different imaging techniques (contrast angiography, 2-D echography, nuclear angiography and nuclear magnetic resonance). The preliminary results show satisfactory reliability and imaging quality as well as low variability of measurements.
THE EFFECTS OF CYCLOSPORINE ON THE INDUCTION OF DONOR CLASS I AND CLASS II MHC ANTIGENS IN HEART AND KIDNEY ALLOGRAFTS IN THE RAT (1986)

We have previously reported 5-30-fold increases in the expression of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens in rejecting heart and kidney allografts in the DA-to-PVG rat strain combination. We examine here the effects of immunosuppression with cyclosporine on the induction of donor class I and class II MHC antigens in heart and kidney allografts in this strain combination. Immunohistological studies and quantitative absorption analyses using monoclonal antibodies and assay systems specific for donor class I and class II MHC antigens were used throughout. Heart allografts in cyclosporine-treated rats were examined on day 3,5,7,9,11, and 14 after transplantation, and kidney allografts in cyclosporine-treated rats were examined at day 7. In addition, untreated heart and kidney isografts were studied at days 1,3,5, and 7 after grafting. Immunohistological studies on frozen sections showed that cyclosporine-treated heart and kidney allografts showed no induction of class II MHC antigens, in contrast to untreated heart and kidney allografts. Class I MHC antigen induction did occur in spite of cyclosporine-therapy, but at levels lower than those seen in untreated allografts. Moreover, the pattern and degree of class I induction in the cyclosporine-treated allografts resembled very closely those seen in isografts, and so this induction was, in all probability, a consequence of the transplantation procedure rather than of specific immune responses. We also noted, in the cyclosporine-treated heart allografts, that all donor interstitial dendritic cells had disappeared and been replaced by recipient interstitial dendritic cells by the end of the second week after grafting. In addition, there was no reduction in the class II antigen content of kidney allografts treated for 7 days with cyclosporine. The absence of class II antigen induction in allografts where rejection is effectively suppressed with cyclosporine might be of clinical value in the differential diagnosis between rejection and cyclosporine toxicity in renal transplantation, and between active and inactive cellular infiltrates in heart transplantation.
Occurrence of Autoantibodies against Intrinsic Factor, H,K-ATPase, and Pepsinogen in Atrophic Gastritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis (1991)

The occurrence of autoantibodies against intrinsic factor, H,K-ATPase, and pepsinogen was analysed by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in three groups of sera. Group 1 comprised sera from 14 rheumatoid arthritis patients with normal acid secretion; group 2, sera from 18 rheumatoid arthritis patients with reduced acid secretion; and group 3, sera from 11 patients with pernicious anaemia or achylia. Groups 1 and 2 were rheumatoid factor-positive, and group 3 was negative. Intrinsic factor autoantibodies were low in groups 1 and 2. In group 3, 9 of the 11 sera (82%) scored positive. The highest titres of H,K-ATPase and pepsinogen autoantibodies were found in groups 2 and 3. Only one serum in group 1 scored positive against H,K-ATPase, and two against pepsinogen, whereas corresponding values were 11 (61%) and 7 (39%) in group 2, and 10 (91%) and 6 (55%) in group 3. Autoantibodies against H,K-ATPase from a pool of patient sera recognized both the alpha- and beta-subunits of the enzyme. The present results support the hypothesis of an autoimmune disease overlap between non-organ-specific rheumatoid arthritis and organ-specific pernicious anaemia.
Ultra-compliant thermal AFM probes for studying of cellular properties (2010)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used for a number of nanoscale biological studies. It opens the possibility to monitor cellular processes in physiological conditions with the ability to perform high resolution imaging and force measurements. However, analysis of the mechanical property of the living cells is difficult and the sensitivity is low. Conventional AFM probes use high-stiffness materials and therefore, it makes the force measurement on soft samples becoming more difficult. In this work an ultra-compliant AFM probe made of polyimide was used to provide an improved imaging and force measurement of cancer cells. The probe includes an embedded sensing element for thermal conductance characterization. The probe was used for thermal conductance and topographical mapping of biological cells. The probe allows for high speed imaging of cells in liquids.
Implementation and first results of the fully suspended cone beam CT and SPECT system for dedicated breast imaging (2015)

Stand-alone cone beam CT and SPECT systems capable of complex sinusoidal acquisition trajectories have previously been developed for dedicated breast imaging and used in early clinical studies. The fully-3D motions of the SPECT system can view into the chest wall and throughout the breast volume. The polar tilting capability of the CT system has shown a marked improvement in sampling into the chest wall, with comparable <;6 mGy total dose delivered to the volume as with a circular orbit, while eliminating cone beam artifacts because of the fully-3D acquisitions. A hybrid SPECT-CT system, with each individual modality capable of independently traversing complex trajectories around a pendant breast, was recently designed and the practical implementation of this design is presented here. The CT system consists of a 40×30 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> CsI(Tl) flat panel imager and an x-ray tube with a 16° W-anode angle, placed on opposing ends of the completely suspended gantry. A linear stage mechanism utilizing a pulley and cabling was implemented to tilt the suspended gantry within 0.02° positioning error about the 3D center of rotation; the fully-3D SPECT system with 16×20 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> CZT detector is nested inside the suspended CT gantry, oriented perpendicular to the CT source-detector pair. Both sub-systems are positioned on an azimuthal rotation stage enabling spherical trajectories. Initial imaging results demonstrate that additional off-axis projection views of various phantoms, allowed by the ±15° polar tilting of the CT system, facilitate more complete sampling and markedly improved reconstructions. To date, this is the first implementation of a fully-3D positioning hybrid SPECT-CT system that we are aware of, and could have various applications in diagnostic or therapeutic breast imaging.
Fibril Formation and Neurotoxicity by a Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein B Fragment with Homology to the Alzheimer's Aβ Peptide (2000)

Despite significant progress in the elucidation of the genetic basis of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), the etiology of sporadic cases remains elusive. Although certain genetic loci play a role in conferring susceptibility in some sporadic AD cases, it is likely that the etiology is multifactorial; hence, the majority of cases cannot be attributed to genetic factors alone, indicating that environmental factors may modulate the onset and/or progression of the disease. Head injury and infectious agents are environmental factors that have been periodically implicated, but no plausible mechanisms have been clearly identified. With regard to infectious agents, speculation has often centered on the neurotropic herpes viruses, with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) considered a likely candidate. We report that an internal sequence of HSV1 glycoprotein B (gB) is homologous to the carboxyl-terminal region of the Aβ peptide that accumulates in diffuse and neuritic plaques in AD. Synthetic peptides were generated and the biophysical and biological properties of the viral peptide compared to those of Aβ. Here we show that this gB fragment forms β-pleated sheets, self-assembles into fibrils that are thioflavin-positive and ultrastructurally indistinguishable from Aβ, accelerates the formation of Aβ fibrils in vitro, and is toxic to primary cortical neurons at doses comparable to those of Aβ. These findings suggest a possible role for this infectious agent in the pathophysiology of sporadic cases of AD.
Of MOS and men: bridging the gap between objective and subjective quality measurements in mobile TV (2007)

In this paper we explore the relation between subjective and objective measures of video quality. We computed objective MOS values from video clips using the video quality measuring tool VQM and compared it to the clips' subjective Acceptability scores. Using the ITU defined mapping (M2G) from MOS to binary Good or Better (GoB) values, we compared the M2G translated values to the clips' subjective Acceptability scores at various encoding bitrates (32-224kbps) and sizes (120x90, 168x126, 208x156 and 240x180). The results show that in the domain of mobile TV the ITU mapping M2G represents a serious overestimation of Acceptability. The mapping M2A, between MOS and Acceptability, that we suggest provides a significant improvement of 76% in the root mean square error (RMSE) over M2G. We show that Acceptability depended on more than just the visual quality and that both content type and size are essential to provide accurate estimates of Acceptability in the field of mobile TV. We illustrate this gain in Acceptability predictions for the popular content type football (soccer). In terms of RMSE our content dependent mapping (M2Af) yielded an improvement of 39% over M2A. Future research will validate the predictive power of our suggested mapping on other video material.
Microfabrication and Nanomanufacturing (2005)

Nanotechnology, seen as the next leap forward in the industrial revolution, requires that manufacturers develop processes that revolutionize the way small products are made. Microfabrication and Nanomanufacturing focuses on the technology of fabrication and manufacturing of engineering materials at these levels. The book provides an overv
Androgen-independent growth is induced by neuropeptides in human prostate cancer cell lines (2000)

GRP-induced growth of DU-145 and PC-346C was specific and cAMP-mediated. Androgen-independent growth of FGC-DCC cells was mainly due to an induction of Bcl-2 expression and possibly through the activation of an autocrine and NE-like pathway, as has been shown also for the PC-3 cell line. Growth induction of non-NE cells by neuropeptides could be a possible role for NE cells in clinical prostate cancer.
Immunological and biological stability of immunotoxins in vivo as studied by the clearance of disulfide-linked pokeweed antiviral protein-antibody conjugates from blood. (1985)

Monoclonal antibodies against human T-cell antigen 3A1, human transferrin receptor, and mouse Thy 1.1 antigen were linked to pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) by a disulfide bond. Because the ability of the immunotoxin to home on target cells in vivo and the eventual internalization of the hemitoxin polypeptide depends in part on the stability of the conjugate in circulation, the clearance of antibody-PAP conjugates from blood was investigated. Blood samples collected from rabbits at different times after the injection of immunotoxin were analyzed for: (a) total mouse IgG; and (b) intact antibody-PAP conjugate in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further, antibody-PAP conjugate was separated from PAP by differential precipitation using polyethyleneglycol, and the PAP content of the fractions were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Free PAP is removed very rapidly from blood, and 95% is cleared within 2 h. Our results showed that the immunotoxin did not dissociate in circulation immediately, and about 90% of the initial concentration of the conjugate was still present for more than 4 h. Analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed a 4- to 8-h lag period in which immunotoxin concentrations were relatively unchanged. This was followed by a steady decline, and the half-life of the conjugate in circulation then ranged between 17 and 24 h. Not only did the immunotoxins remain intact immunologically, but they also retained their biological activity as measured by the ability of blood-borne immunotoxins to efficiently block protein synthesis of target cells in vitro. These data show that the disulfide linkage of toxin to antibody is reasonably stable and that the immunotoxin retains the biological properties of both the antibody and the hemitoxin polypeptide in circulation.
BIST-Guided ATPG (2005)

This paper presents a new reseeding technique that considerably reduces the storage required for the seeds as well as the test application time by alternating between ATPG and reseeding to optimize the seed selection. The technique avoids loading a new seed into the PRPG whenever the PRPG can be placed in a state that generates test patterns without explicitly loading a seed. The ATPG process is tuned to target only undetected faults as the PRPG goes through its natural sequence which is maximally used to generate useful test patterns. The test application procedure is slightly modified to enable higher flexibility and more reduction in tester storage and test time. The results of applying the technique show up to 90% reduction in tester storage and 80% reduction in test time compared to classic reseeding. They also show 70% improvement in defect coverage when the technique is emulated on test chips.
Digital Near Field Beamforming for Efficient 3-D Underwater Acoustic Image Generation (2007)

To generate volumetric underwater acoustic images a planar array of sensors is required to collect the signals coming from a 3-D scene. The method most frequently used to perform the spatial elaboration of the acquired signals is the beamforming algorithm. In general, owing to the huge number of sensors and the massive number of beam signals, computational load becomes prohibitive for real-time image generation. An efficient frequency beamforming implementation based on the use of the Chirp Zeta Transform (CZT) has been proposed in the literature for the case of a scene placed in the far-field and involving linear arrays. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to perform CZT beamforming on the wideband signals collected by a planar array and generated by a scene placed in the near-field. This extension becomes simpler and feasible thanks to (i) a non-conventional method of defining the azimuth and elevation angles; (ii) the Fresnel approximation in the delay computation; (iii) an adequate organization of the different operations. In terms of computational complexity, the analysis compares the solution developed with traditional beamforming techniques, showing several advantages of the proposed method.