gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A personalized context-dependent Web search agent using Semantic Trees (2008)

In Web searching applications, contexts and users’ preferences are two important factors for internet searches in such a way that results would be much more relevant to users’ requests than with current search engines. Researchers had proposed a concept-based search agent which uses Conceptual Fuzzy Set (CFS) for matching contexts-dependent keywords and concepts. In the CFS model, a word exact meaning may be determined by other words in contexts. Due to the fact that numerous combinations of words may appear in queries and documents, it may be difficult to define the relations between concepts in all possible combinations. To solve this issue, we proposed a Semantic Tree (ST) model to define the relations between concepts. Concepts are represented by nodes in the ST, and relations between concepts are defined by the distances between nodes. Moreover, this paper applies users’ preferences for personalizing search results. Finally, the fuzzy logic will be used for determining which factor, semantic relations or users’ preferences, will dominate results.
Studies on sol-gel transformations. I. The inverse sol-gel transformation of methylcellulose in water (1935)

E. Heymann, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1935, 31, 846 DOI: 10.1039/TF9353100846
Formation of apolipoprotein-specific high-density lipoprotein particles from lipid-free apolipoproteins A-I and A-II (1999)

We have shown previously that apolipoprotein A (apoA)-I-containing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are formed by the conjugation of lipid-free apoA-I with lipids derived from other lipoprotein fractions in a process dependent on non-esterified fatty acids, generated by the lipolysis of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) or provided exogenously. In the present study, we show that this process is also able to generate HDL particles containing apoA-II (A-II HDL) and both apoA-I and apoA-II (A-I/A-II HDL). When lipid-free apoA-II was incubated with either VLDLs and lipoprotein lipase or LDLs and sodium oleate, a significant proportion of the apoA-II was recovered in the HDL density fraction. This was associated with the formation of several populations of HDL-sized particles with pre-beta2 electrophoretic mobility, which contained phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol as their main lipid constituents. When both lipid-free apoA-I and lipid-free apoA-II were incubated with LDL and sodium oleate, both apolipoproteins were recovered in HDLs that contained phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol as their main lipids. Two populations of particles had diameters of 7.4 and 10.8 nm and pre-beta2-migration; there was also a population of pre-beta1-migrating particles of diameter 4.7 nm. ApoA-I and apoA-II were both present in the larger HDLs, whereas only apoA-I was present in the smaller particles. Immunoaffinity chromatography on an anti-(apoA-I)-Sepharose column revealed that 10-20% of the apoA-II resided in particles that also contained apoA-I. The majority of the A-I/A-II HDL were present in a population of pre-beta2 particles of 10.8 nm diameter. These results in vitro illustrate a potential mechanism for the formation of HDLs containing both apoA-I and apoA-II.
Fullerene-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. A Self-Assembled Photoactive Antenna-Metal Nanocore Assembly (2001)

A self-assembled photoactive antenna system containing a gold nanoparticle as the central nanocore and appended fullerene moieties as the photoreceptive hydrophobic shell is designed by functionalizing a gold nanoparticle with a thiol derivative of fullerene. Upon suspension of fullerene-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au−S−C60) in toluene we observe formation of 5−30 nm diameter clusters. The ease of suspending these nanoassemblies in organic solvents allows us to probe the excited state interactions by spectroscopic methods. The quenching of fluorescence emission as well as decreased yields of triplet excited state suggest the participation of excited singlet in the energy transfer to the gold nanocore. Application of electrophoretically deposited Au−S−C60 nanoassemblies on optically transparent electrodes in the photoelectrochemical conversion of light energy has been demonstrated.
Fast Poisson disk sampling in arbitrary dimensions (2007)

In many applications in graphics, particularly rendering, generating samples from a blue noise distribution is important. However, existing efficient techniques do not easily generalize beyond two dimensions. Here I demonstrate a simple modification to dart throwing which permits generation of Poisson disk samples in O(N) time, easily implemented in arbitrary dimension.
Combining hierarchical radiosity and discontinuity meshing (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Combining hierarchical radiosity and discontinuity meshing Authors: Dani Lischinski View Profile , Filippo Tampieri View Profile , Donald P. Greenberg View Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGGRAPH '93: Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniquesSeptember 1993 Pages 199–208https://doi.org/10.1145/166117.166143Published:01 September 1993Publication History 51citation499DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations51Total Downloads499Last 12 Months23Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Comparison of 3D Structures and AT<sub>1</sub> Binding Properties of Pyrazolidine-3,5-diones and Tetrahydropyridazine-3,6-diones with Parent Antihypertensive Drug Irbesartan (2002)

A new series of nonpeptide AT(1) receptor antagonists were recently developed, based on the structure of irbesartan (Le Bourdonnec et al. J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 2685-2697). The lead compound 1 displayed high selectivity for the AT(1) receptor subtype but lower binding affinity than irbesartan. As expected from molecular modeling studies, extension of the pyrazolidine-3,5-dione scaffold to the six-membered heterocycle tetrahydropyridazine-3,6-dione led to an enhancement of the binding affinity toward the AT(1) receptor.
Circuit design challenges in embedded memory and resistive RAM (RRAM) for mobile SoC and 3D-IC (2011)

Mobile systems require high-performance and low-power SoC or 3D-IC chips to perform complex operations, ensure a small form-factor and ensure a long battery life time. A low supply voltage (VDD) is frequently utilized to suppress dynamic power consumption, standby current, and thermal effects in SoC and 3D-IC. Furthermore, lowering the VDD reduces the voltage stress of the devices and slows the aging of chips. However, a low VDD for embedded memories can cause functional failure and low yield. This paper reviews various challenges in the design of low-voltage circuits for embedded memory (SRAM and ROM). It also discusses emerging embedded memory solutions. Alternative memory interfaces and architectures for mobile SoC and 3D-IC are also explored.
Wakefullness and reduced rapid eye movement sleep: studies with prolintane and pemoline. (1980)

1 Effects of prolintane (15 and 30 mg) and pemoline (60 and 100 mg) on sleep were studied in six healthy adult males. Sleep was assessed by electroencephalography and by analogue scales. 2 Prolintane (15 and 30 mg) reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep both by delaying the first period (P < 0.05 and < 0.001 respectively) and by reducing total REM sleep (P < 0.05 and < 0.001 respectively). In some subjects there were increased awakenings during the early part of the night, and in two subjects long periods of wakefulness occurred. 3 With pemoline (60 and 100 mg) sleep duration was marked reduced (P < 0.001). There was evidence in some subjects of delay to the first REM period, and reduced percentage REM sleep (P < 0.01). Shortened and fragmented sleep with 60 and 100 mg were associated with reduced sleep efficiency indices (P < 0.001), and shorter sleep period times led to reduced REM/NREM ratios. Absence of an effect on REM latency for the subjects as a group may be related to relatively slow absorption. 4 The heterocyclic amphetamine derivatives have variable effects on sleep. The differences may be dose related, and wakefulness and reduced REM sleep may be seen together or separately. Alterations in sleep occur with doses of pemoline and prolintane which also modify performance.
Parameters Affecting the Antimicrobial Properties of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet (2019)

Using the Taguchi method to narrow experimental parameters, the antimicrobial efficiency of a cold atmospheric plasma jet (CAPJ) treatment was investigated. An L9 array with four parameters of CAPJ treatments, including the application voltage, CAPJ-sample distance, argon (Ar) gas flow rate, and CAPJ treatment time, were applied to examine the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli). CAPJ treatment time was found to be the most influential parameter in its antimicrobial ability by evaluation of signal to noise ratios and analysis of variance. 100% bactericidal activity was achieved under the optimal bactericidal activity parameters including the application voltage of 8.5 kV, CAPJ-sample distance of 10 mm, Ar gas flow rate of 500 sccm, and CAPJ treatment time of 300 s, which confirms the efficacy of the Taguchi method in this design. In terms of the mechanism of CAPJ’s antimicrobial ability, the intensity of hydroxyl radical produced by CAPJ positively correlated to its antimicrobial efficiency. The CAPJ antimicrobial efficiency was further evaluated by both DNA double-strand breaks analysis and scanning electron microscopy examination of CAPJ treated bacteria. CAPJ destroyed the cell wall of E. coli and further damaged its DNA structure, thus leading to successful killing of bacteria. This study suggests that optimal conditions of CPAJ can provide effective antimicrobial activity and may be grounds for a novel approach for eradicating bacterial infections.
Association of microbiologic flora with clinical, endoscopic, and pulmonary cytologic findings in foals with distal respiratory tract infection (1993)

Undifferentiated distal respiratory tract disease (nasal discharge, cough, pneumonia) in foals (1 to 8 months old) is a burdensome economic problem on breeding farms; yet, the infective agents associated with these episodes have not been well described. Possible causes of these episodes of illness were investigated by culturing specimens of proximal and distal airways of clinically diseased foals (n = 101), prior to any treatment, for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and viruses (rhinoviruses, equine arteritis virus, equine herpesvirus subtype 1 [EHV-1], influenza virus, and adenovirus). Pairs of sera (n = 47) were examined for antibodies to influenza A virus, equine subtypes 1 and 2, EHV-1, and adenovirus antigens, and sera obtained from foals during acute infection were examined for antibodies (by agar gel immunodiffusion [AGID]) to equi factor antigens of Rhodococcus equi. Viruses were not isolated from the proximal (swab) or distal (bronchial lavage) airway specimens in foals, and only 2 of 47 randomly selected foals seroconverted to EHV-1. Serotiters to the other viruses were low and frequently decreasing between samples, which was compatible with maternally derived antibody. Streptococcus zooepidemicus was the predominant isolate from bronchial lavage specimens (88/101 cases), accompanied by alpha-hemolytic streptococci (8 cases), Bordetella bronchiseptica (13 cases), Staphylococcus epidermidis (9 cases), and other organisms in lesser frequency. Only Str zooepidemicus was recovered significantly (P < 0.05) more often in cases than in controls. The AGID test was found useful to detect foals with presumed exposure to R equi, but positive tests results did not correspond well with bacterial culture results; positive AGID results were recorded in 34% of culture-negative foals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fast Switching Dual Fabry-Perot Cavity Optical Refractometry - Methodologies for Accurate Assessment of Gas Density (2017)

Dual Fabry-Perot cavity based optical refractometry (DFPC-OR) has a high potential for assessments of gas density. However, drifts of the FP cavity often limit its performance. We show that by the use of two narrow-linewidth fiber lasers locked to two high finesse cavities and Allan-Werle plots that drift-free DFPC-OR can be obtained for short measurement times (for which the drifts of the cavity can be disregarded). Based on this, a novel strategy, termed fast switching DFPC-OR (FS-DFPC-OR), is presented. A set of novel methodologies for assessment of both gas density and flow rates (in particular from small leaks) that are not restricted by the conventional limitations imposed by the drifts of the cavity are presented. The methodologies deal with assessments in both open and closed (finite-sized) compartments. They circumvent the problem with volumetric expansion, i.e. that the gas density in a measurement cavity is not the same as that in the closed external compartment that should be assessed, by performing a pair of measurements in rapid succession; the first one serves the purpose of assessing the density of the gas that has been transferred into the measurement cavity by the gas equilibration process, while the 2nd is used to automatically calibrate the system with respect to the relative volumes of the measurement cavity and the external compartment. The methodologies for assessments of leak rates comprise triple cavity evacuation assessments, comprising two measurements performed in rapid succession, supplemented by a 3rd measurement a certain time thereafter. A clear explanation of why the technique has such a small temperature dependence is given. It is concluded that FS-DFPC-OR constitutes a novel strategy that can be used for precise and accurate assessment of gas number density and gas flows under a variety of conditions, in particular non-temperature stabilized ones.
Comparison of Heroin and Cocaine Concentrations in Saliva with Concentrations in Blood and Plasma (1995)

Saliva is an alternate biological matrix for drug testing that has several advantages over more traditional fluids such as blood and urine. Collection is rapid, noninvasive, and relatively easy to obtain. Several reports have detailed the appearance of drugs of abuse in saliva, but few have compared the excretion profiles of drugs administered by different routes. In this study, subjects were administered three smoked and three intravenous doses of heroin in an ascending dose design. Blood and saliva were collected periodically after drug administration and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for heroin, 6-acetylmorphine, and morphine. In a second study, subjects were administered a single, smoked dose of 40 mg cocaine base and an intravenous dose of 44.8 mg cocaine HO on separate occasions. Plasma and saliva were collected and analyzed by CC-MS for cocaine, anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AEME), and seven additional metabolites. Heroin and 6-acetylmorphine were detected in the first saliva sample collected (2 min) following drug administration by both routes. Peak heroin concentrations were achieved quickly, between 2 and 5 min after intravenous administration and at 2 min after smoke heroin. Peak heroin concentrations in saliva after smoking heroin base ranged from 3534 (2.6 mg) to 20,580 ng/mL (5.2 mg), and after intravenous administration, concentrations ranged from 6 (10 mg heroin HCl to 30 ng/mL (12 mg heroin HCl. Saliva concentrations of heroin declined rapidly after intravenous administration, reaching the limit of sensitivity of the assay (1 ng/mL) by 60 min. Heroin concentrations in saliva after smoking declined slowly; detection times ranged from 4 to 24 h. Cocaine was the major analyte detected in saliva and plasma after smoked and intravenous administration. Peak saliva cocaine concentrations after intravenous administration ranged from 428 to 1927 ng/mL (N = 7); after smoking, they ranged from 15,852 to 504,880 ng/mL (N = 7). Peak plasma cocaine concentrations after intravenous administration ranged from 122 to 442 ng/mL A = 7), and after smoking, concentrations ranged from 46 to 291 ng/mL A = 7). The thermal degradation product of cocaine, AEME, was detected in saliva but not in plasma after smoking. Peak saliva AEME concentrations were achieved at 2 min and ranged from 558 to 4374 ng/mL (N = 7). These are the first reported observations of heroin and metabolites in saliva following heroin smoking and of AEME in saliva after smoking cocaine base. The presence of AEME in saliva may be useful as a marker of the smoked route following cocaine administration.
Palladium–copper-exchanged Y type zeolites: a true heterogeneous Wacker catalyst (1991)

Evidence is presented that faujasite-type zeolites with specific Si : Al framework ratios exchanged with Pd(NH3)42+ and Cu2+, catalyse the oxidation of ethylene into acetaldehyde, in exactly the same way as the homogeneous Wacker system [PdII and CuII in concentrated chloride solution]; the active centre is found to be a partially ammoniated PdII ion, most probably PdII(NH3)2, which itself belongs to an electron transfer chain consisting of the alkene reagent, the faujasite encaged PdII/Pd0 and CuII/CuI redox couples and dioxygen.
Amino Derivatives of 2,2-Diphenylcyclohexanone. I<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino Derivatives of 2,2-Diphenylcyclohexanone. I1Alfred Burger and William B. BennetCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 12, 5414–5415Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01168a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01168a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human dural thickness measured by ultrasonographic method: reflection of intracranial pressure. (1997)

We measured changes in dural thickness to estimate intracranial pressure. The dural thickness on magnetic resonance imaging with contrast enhancement was compared in a hydrocephalic patient before and after shunt operation. Dural thickness also was measured directly using a micrometer at craniotomy for aneurysmal clipping in 11 patients. A small ultrasound probe (5 MHz) was held against the temporal scalp of 10 volunteers to extract convoluted interference echoes from the dura mater using a computer--based system for fast Fourier transform-Cepstrum analysis and maximum entropy analysis. The degree of intracranial pressure in the supine position was varied in the volunteers with transient neck compression. The enhanced dural thickness of the patient with hydrocephalus, barely visualized before shunt operation, increased after surgery. Dural thickness measurements obtained ultrasonographically in the supine position were similar to direct measurements of thickness. Changes in dural thickness on ultrasonography reflect changes in intracranial pressure.
Establishment of a Method for Mapping of N-Linked Oligosaccharides and Its Use to Analyze Industrially Produced Recombinant Erythropoietin. (1999)

A rapid and convenient method for N-linked oligosaccharide structure analysis was developed and applied to the quality examination of commercially manufactured recombinant human erythropoietin (rEPO). Oligosaccharides released from rEPO expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells were labeled with 2-aminobenzamide, and analyzed by a combination of diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) column HPLC and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). This newly developed method allowed us to analyze sialylated oligosaccharides directly. The results showed that these oligosaccharides are composed of neutral-mono-di-tri-tetrasialyl oligosaccharides in a ratio of <1:2:13:34:51%, and that the core structure was a mixture of complex type bi-, tri- and tetra-antennary forms with one to three polylactosaminyl chains. Further analysis showed clearly that the N-linked oligosaccharide structure of rEPO has not changed throughout the past ten years of manufacturing by our company. The analysis was carried out using a small quantity (1 nmol) of rEPO, demonstrating the efficacy of the newly developed method. Further, the N-linked oligosaccharides of rEPO manufactured by our company almost coincided with those of the erythropoietin European Pharmacopoeia Biological Reference Preparation (Eur.Ph.BRP), a standard product.
Mode of the absorption of water and nutrients by ascocarps of <i>Tuber melanosporum</i> and <i>Tuber aestivum</i>: a radioactive tracer technique (1994)

A simple technique has been developed to study the absorption capacity of the tufts of mycelial filaments, or hyphae, observed on both black and white truffles Tuber melanosporum and Tuber aestivum. These hyphae sprout from the tops of certain scales on the peridium of Tuber. They colonize the surrounding soil and could therefore exploit the nutrients from a large volume of soil. The ability to absorb organic and inorganic nutrients from a source other than the host is a necessary condition for the hypothesis we wished to test, namely that at some stage in its development the truffle ascocarp becomes autonomous. The absorption was demonstrated using autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting. We found that the tufts of hyphae are water permeable ( 3 H 2 O). In addition, they absorb a sugar ([ 14 C]mannose) and an anion ([ 32 P]phosphate). An analysis of our results shows that the spatial distribution of [ 32 P]phosphate is independent of that of tritiated water; the transport of phosphate is therefore not determined by water flux. The quantity and redistribution of the tracer depended on the application site, directly onto the peridium or on a mycelial tuft. The tufts increase the absorption of the tracer and influence its internal redistribution towards accumulation zones. Key words: ascocarp, Tuber melanosporum, Tuber aestivum, absorption, truffle nutrition.