gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Covalent Attachment and Derivatization of Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lysine) Monolayers on Gold Surfaces As Characterized by Polarization−Modulation FT-IR Spectroscopy (1996)

A monolayer of poly(l-lysine) (PL) is attached covalently via amide bonds to an alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a gold surface. The amide bond is formed in two steps: the terminal carboxylic acid groups of an 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) SAM are first activated to the N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHSS) ester, followed by reaction of this MUA-NHSS ester monolayer with the amino groups of PL to create multiple amide bond linkages to the surface. The reactivity and packing density of the MUA-NHSS esters are investigated in detail by reacting these intermediates with ammonia (NH3). In the NH3 experiments, approximately 50% of the carboxylic acids in the MUA monolayer are converted to amides during the first cycle of this two-step surface reaction. This reaction yield of 50% is limited by the steric packing of the NHSS ester intermediate. However, after three cycles of MUA activation to the NHSS ester and reaction with NH3, nearly all of the MUA molecules (∼80%) are converted to amides. Polarization−modulation Fourier transform infrared reflection−absorption spectroscopy (PM-FT-IRRAS) is employed to study both the NH3 and PL reactions on the gold surface. The PM-FT-IRRAS spectrum of a covalently attached PL monolayer indicates that amide bonds are formed with the underlying MUA molecules. This conclusion is confirmed by the fact that the covalent PL monolayer resists desorption despite immersion into solutions of pH < 2 or pH > 12. Finally, the PL is derivatized with a bifunctional NHSS ester−maleimide molecule either by reaction in solution prior to covalent attachment or by reaction with PL already adsorbed to the surface. Up to 50% of the total number of lysine amino groups are converted to maleimide groups, which can be used for the subsequent attachment of sulfhydryl-containing biomolecules.
Accelerated Connection Establishment (ACE) mechanism for Bluetooth Low Energy (2014)

In the paper we focus on the problem of improving the efficiency of the peer-to-peer connection establishment for the recently suggested Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol. We suggest a novel Accelerated Connection Establishment (ACE) mechanism which enables to significantly reduce the time and energy consumption for establishing the connection between BLE devices in the multi-node scenarios. We discuss in details the background of the problem, introduce the suggested solution, and present the results of BLE network simulations, which confirm the efficiency of the suggested mechanism.
Quantitative Phase Imaging Techniques for the Study of Cell Pathophysiology: From Principles to Applications (2013)

A cellular-level study of the pathophysiology is crucial for understanding the mechanisms behind human diseases. Recent advances in quantitative phase imaging (QPI) techniques show promises for the cellular-level understanding of the pathophysiology of diseases. To provide important insight on how the QPI techniques potentially improve the study of cell pathophysiology, here we present the principles of QPI and highlight some of the recent applications of QPI ranging from cell homeostasis to infectious diseases and cancer.
Introduction (2022)

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book examines how female-founded firms differ from male ones in translating the knowledge from external sources into R&D efforts. It investigates the impact of gender diversity on university innovation outcomes across three university missions: teaching, research, and the commercialization of knowledge. The book examines workforce diversity in corporate venturing activities. It highlights the growing and intense competition between R&D centers to secure competitive based public funds in order to survive and thrive. The book emphasizes that the availability of resources for innovation is paramount for innovation in women-led firms. It investigates empirically the use intellectual property protection mechanisms by technology-based firms to appropriate the returns to their research investments.
A 1 GHz CMOS RF Front-End IC with Wide Dynamic Range (1995)

A 1 GHz Low Noise Amplifier and Mixer combination has been integrated in a standard 1?m CMOS process. The circuit is matched to 50? at the input, and drives a 50? load. Overall conversion gain is 22 dB, noise figure is 3.5 dB, and the IIP3 of the combination is +12 dBm. The fully balanced circuit drains 8 mA from 3V.
Surface alloy formation of Fe on Cr(100) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (1999)

Surface alloy formation of Fe on a Cr(100) surface was studied using a UHV scanning tunneling microscope. As we deposited Fe of less than 1 ML at room temperature and subsequently annealed the substrate at temperatures between 200 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and 300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, we observed that Fe atoms incorporate into the Cr(100) surface, forming a well-ordered surface alloy of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{0.5}.$ These two elements were differentiated by imaging at the bias voltages near their surface states. The surface alloying was also confirmed by imaging at the bias voltages of their Shockley image states. By annealing the Fe layer of \ensuremath{\sim}1 ML at 250 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, we found that the solubility of Fe into the Cr(100) surface is \ensuremath{\sim}25% at that temperature. Fe overlayer shows kinetically roughened mound structure at room temperature while it shows equilibrium two-dimensional islands at 300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C.
Subcellular compartment‐specific molecular diversity of pre‐ and post‐synaptic GABA<sub>B</sub>‐activated GIRK channels in Purkinje cells (2009)

Activation of G protein-gated inwardly-rectifying K(+) (GIRK or Kir3) channels by metabotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid (B) (GABA(B)) receptors is an essential signalling pathway controlling neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in the brain. To investigate the relationship between GIRK channel subunits and GABA(B) receptors in cerebellar Purkinje cells at post- and pre-synaptic sites, we used biochemical, functional and immunohistochemical techniques. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that GIRK subunits are co-assembled with GABA(B) receptors in the cerebellum. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the subunit composition of GIRK channels in Purkinje cell spines is compartment-dependent. Thus, at extrasynaptic sites GIRK channels are formed by GIRK1/GIRK2/GIRK3, post-synaptic densities contain GIRK2/GIRK3 and dendritic shafts contain GIRK1/GIRK3. The post-synaptic association of GIRK subunits with GABA(B) receptors in Purkinje cells is supported by the subcellular regulation of the ion channel and the receptor in mutant mice. At pre-synaptic sites, GIRK channels localized to parallel fibre terminals are formed by GIRK1/GIRK2/GIRK3 and co-localize with GABA(B) receptors. Consistent with this morphological evidence we demonstrate their functional interaction at axon terminals in the cerebellum by showing that GIRK channels play a role in the inhibition of glutamate release by GABA(B) receptors. The association of GIRK channels and GABA(B) receptors with excitatory synapses at both post- and pre-synaptic sites indicates their intimate involvement in the modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the cerebellum.
Bandwidth-efficient coded modulation with optimized linear partial-response signals (1998)

We study the design of optimal signals for bandwidth-efficient linear coded modulation. Previous results show that for linear channels with intersymbol interference (ISI), reduced-search decoding algorithms have near-maximum-likelihood error performance, but with much smaller complexity than the Viterbi decoder. Consequently, the controlled ISI introduced by a lowpass filter can be practically used for bandwidth reduction. Such spectrum shaping filters comprise an explicit coded modulation, for which we seek the optimal design. We simultaneously constrain the bandwidth and maximize the minimum Euclidean distance between signals. We show that under quite general assumptions the problem can be formulated as a linear program, and solved with well-known efficient optimization techniques. Numerical results are presented, and the performance of the optimal signals, measured by their combined bandwidth and noise immunity, is analyzed. The new codes are comparable to set-partition (TCM) trellis codes. Tests of an M-algorithm decoder confirm this and show that the performance occurs at small detection complexity.
The Friedreich ataxia GAA repeat expansion mutation induces comparable epigenetic changes in human and transgenic mouse brain and heart tissues (2007)

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is caused by a homozygous GAA repeat expansion mutation within intron 1 of the FXN gene, leading to reduced expression of frataxin protein. Evidence suggests that the mutation may induce epigenetic changes and heterochromatin formation, thereby impeding gene transcription. In particular, studies using FRDA patient blood and lymphoblastoid cell lines have detected increased DNA methylation of specific CpG sites upstream of the GAA repeat and histone modifications in regions flanking the GAA repeat. In this report we show that such epigenetic changes are also present in FRDA patient brain, cerebellum and heart tissues, the primary affected systems of the disorder. Bisulfite sequence analysis of the FXN flanking GAA regions reveals a shift in the FRDA DNA methylation profile, with upstream CpG sites becoming consistently hypermethylated and downstream CpG sites becoming consistently hypomethylated. We also identify differential DNA methylation at three specific CpG sites within the FXN promoter and one CpG site within exon 1. Furthermore, we show by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis that there is overall decreased histone H3K9 acetylation together with increased H3K9 methylation of FRDA brain tissue. Further studies of brain, cerebellum and heart tissues from our GAA repeat expansion-containing FRDA YAC transgenic mice reveal comparable epigenetic changes to those detected in FRDA patient tissue. We have thus developed a mouse model that will be a valuable resource for future therapeutic studies targeting epigenetic modifications of the FXN gene to increase frataxin expression.
Bioproduction of <i>p</i> -Hydroxystyrene from Glucose by the Solvent-Tolerant Bacterium <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> S12 in a Two-Phase Water-Decanol Fermentation (2008)

Two solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas putida S12 strains, originally designed for phenol and p-coumarate production, were engineered for efficient production of p-hydroxystyrene from glucose. This was established by introduction of the genes pal and pdc encoding L-phenylalanine/L-tyrosine ammonia lyase and p-coumaric acid decarboxylase, respectively. These enzymes allow the conversion of the central metabolite L-tyrosine into p-hydroxystyrene, via p-coumarate. Degradation of the p-coumarate intermediate was prevented by inactivating the fcs gene encoding feruloyl-coenzyme A synthetase. The best-performing strain was selected and cultivated in the fed-batch mode, resulting in the formation of 4.5 mM p-hydroxystyrene at a yield of 6.7% (C-mol of p-hydroxystyrene per C-mol of glucose) and a maximum volumetric productivity of 0.4 mM h(-1). At this concentration, growth and production were completely halted due to the toxicity of p-hydroxystyrene. Product toxicity was overcome by the application of a second phase of 1-decanol to extract p-hydroxystyrene during fed-batch cultivation. This resulted in a twofold increase of the maximum volumetric productivity (0.75 mM h(-1)) and a final total p-hydroxystyrene concentration of 21 mM, which is a fourfold improvement compared to the single-phase fed-batch cultivation. The final concentration of p-hydroxystyrene in the water phase was 1.2 mM, while a concentration of 147 mM (17.6 g liter(-1)) was obtained in the 1-decanol phase. Thus, a P. putida S12 strain producing the low-value compound phenol was successfully altered for the production of the toxic value-added compound p-hydroxystyrene.
Dynamic authentication for high-performance networked applications (2002)

Focuses on the integrity and protection of information exchanged in high-performance networked computing applications. For these applications, security procedures are often omitted in the interest of performance. Since this may not be acceptable when using public communications media, our research makes explicit and then utilizes the inherent tradeoffs in realizing performance vs. security in communications. Toward this end, we expand the notion of QoS to include the level of security that can be offered within performance and CPU resource availability constraints. To address performance and security tradeoffs in asymmetric and dynamic client-server environments, we developed Authenticast, a dynamically configurable user-level communication protocol offering variable levels of security throughout the execution. Authenticast comprises multiple heuristics to realize dynamic security levels and to decide when and how to apply dynamic security. To demonstrate this protocol, we have implemented a prototype of a high-performance privacy system. This prototype offers a novel security control abstraction with which tradeoffs in security vs. performance may be made explicit and then utilized with dynamic client-server asymmetries. Authenticast uses the "security thermostat" to enable adaptive security processing. The results demonstrate increased scalability and improved performance when adaptive security is applied to the client-server platform with varying numbers of clients and varying resource availabilities at clients.
An Experiment in Visual Scaling of Small Color Differences* (1979)

Under the auspices of the ISCC Committee on Color Difference Problems, an experiment was carried out in the visual scaling of small color differences involving six color microspaces. The object‐color samples were visually evaluated by ranking, by subjective estimation, and by acceptability judgments. Visual scales were calculated by traditional procedures. Correlations were calculated between the visual scales and four color‐difference formulas (CIELAB, C1ELUV, FMC‐2, and FCM), and ellipsoids were optimized to the visual data. No fundamental differences were found between the results of the perceptibility judgments and the acceptability judgments. Higher correlations than reported for earlier comparable experiments were obtained between visual and calculated color differences.
Windows 2000 Routing and Remote Access Services (2000)

I. INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION. 1. Overview, Features, and Benefits. Remote Access Components. Routing Components. Other Features. Summary. 2. Remote Access Server. RAS Overview. Authentication and Authorization. User Access Configuration. Summary. References. 3. Dial-Up Networking. Dial-Up Networking Overview. Hardware Installation. Configure Dialing Parameters. Configuring a Dial-Up Connection. Incoming Connections. Summary. References. 4. Routing Protocols. Routing Concepts. Unicast Routing. Multicasting. IP Routing. Other Routing Protocols. Demand-Dial Routing. Summary. References. 5. Configuring the Windows 2000 Router. Configuration Basics. IP Routing. IPX Routing. Demand-Dial Routing. AppleTalk Routing. Filtering. Conclusion. II. ADVANCED ADMINISTRATION. 6. Routing Tools. Netsh. mrinfo. pathping. Scheduling Tools. 7. Virtual Private Networks. VPN Defined. New Features of Windows 2000 VPNs. Anatomy of a VPN Connection. Types of VPNs. VPN Tunneling Protocols. VPN Routing. VPNs and Firewalls. VPN Configuration. References. 8. Windows 2000 Connection Services. Connection Point Services. Connection Manager. References. 9. Internet Authentication Service. Overview of IAS. Planning Your IAS Deployment. Installation and Configuration. IAS Scenarios. References. III. RRAS PLANNING. 10. Bandwidth and Telecommunications. Bandwidth and Usage Statistics. Telecommunication Services. References. 11. Shared Internet Connectivity. Network Address Translation Protocol. Internet Connection Sharing. References. 12. Network Design. Small Office/Home Office Networks. Medium-sized Networks. Large Networks. References. IV. APPENDIXES. Appendix A. Technical Overview of RAS Communications. Windows 2000 Security. Internet Protocol Security. References. Appendix B. Troubleshooting. Remote Access Server and Dial-Up Networking. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). Routing Problems. Demand-Dial Routing. Appendix C. Glossary. Index.
Weather-Responsive Transportation Management (2006)

This paper describes how nearly twenty five percent of non-recurring delays and congestion on freeways are because of adverse weather conditions. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Road Weather Management Program has been focusing its efforts to better understand the impacts of weather on traffic flow and for developing tools to alleviate those impacts. Information about weather and its impacts on the transportation system are currently not well integrated into the operational framework of most transportation agencies. This paper describes three efforts by the FHWA Road Weather Management program to advance the state-of-the practice in weather-responsive transportation management. The first is a prototype weather response system (WRS) for transportation management that was developed in partnership with the Missouri Department of Transportation. The WRS takes advantage of weather data and products from the National Weather Service (NWS) and other sources to support the application of traffic management, maintenance, and operations activities within the agency. The paper also describes how the system can be deployed in statewide Transportation Management Centers (TMCs), Traffic Operations Centers, and District Maintenance Facilities. The second effort consisted of a study on the integration of weather into TMCs. This paper summarizes how weather information is being integrated into the TMC operations of several agencies in the country. The third effort involves an empirical study on weather and traffic data to model traffic flow under varying weather conditions. Such information is vital for accurate traffic flow analysis and modeling, and determination of appropriate traffic management strategies to mitigate the impacts of weather.
Multiple removal in various dimensions (2003)

The surface-related multiple removal method applied in a 2D sense has proven to be successful on a large<br>number of data cases. It is becoming one of the standard tools, being applied by several companies. Although the<br>ideal implementation would be a full 3D version, the combination of acquisition parameters, data quality and<br>subsurface complexity determine the implementation that is appropriate for a specific dataset.
Anti‐diabetic and Anti‐hyperlipidemic Effects and Safety of<i>Salacia reticulata</i>and Related Species (2015)

Extracts of Salacia reticulata Wight (Hypocrataceae) roots, stems, and leaves have been used in Asia for hundreds of years for the folkloric treatment of diabetes and other health problems. Constituents that have been identified as exhibiting anti-diabetic effects include salacinol, kotalanol, ponkorinol, salaprinol, and their corresponding de-0-sulfonated compounds. Mangiferin, kotalagenin 16-acetate and various proanthocyanidin oligomers have also been isolated. Studies indicate that Salacia extracts modulate multiple targets that influence carbohydrate and lipid metabolism including α-glucosidase, aldose reductase, pancreatic lipase, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-α, glucose transporter-4 mediated glucose uptake, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Furthermore, Salacia extracts exhibit free radical scavenging, antioxidant and hepatoprotectant activities. In human studies, Salacia extracts have been shown to decrease plasma glucose and insulin levels, decrease HbA1c, and modulate serum lipid levels with no adverse effects being reported. Similar results have been demonstrated in rat and mouse models as well as in vitro systems. Safety of S. reticulata and other Salacia species as S. oblonga and S. chinensis in rats and mice indicate that extracts are exceedingly safe. No clinical studies have examined the effects of Salacia extracts on human weight loss, although weight loss and decreases in weight gain have been demonstrated in animal models. Because of the large number of pharmacologically active compounds, it is difficult to establish standards for extracts.
New results for the analysis of linear systems with time‐invariant delays (2003)

Abstract This paper presents a comparison system approach for the analysis of stability and ℋ︁ ∞ performance of linear time‐invariant systems with unknown delays. The comparison system is developed by replacing the delay elements with certain parameter‐dependent Padé approximations. It is shown using the special properties of the Padé approximation to e −s that the value sets of these approximations provide outer and inner coverings for that of each delay element and that the robust stability of the outer covering system is a sufficient condition for the stability of the original time delay system. The inner covering system, in turn, is used to provide an upper bound on the degree of conservatism of the delay margin established by the sufficient condition. This upper bound is dependent only upon the Padé approximation order and may be made arbitrarily small. In the single delay case, the delay margin can be calculated explicitly without incurring any additional conservatism. In the general case, this condition can be reduced with some (typically small) conservatism to finite‐dimensional LMIs. Finally, this approach is also extended to the analysis of ℋ︁ ∞ performance for linear time‐delay systems with an exogenous disturbance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms involved in the antiinflammatory effect of propolis extract. (1993)

Propolis is a natural product produced by the honey bee. The extract contains amino acids, flavanoids, terpenes and cinnamic acid derivatives. In various in vitro models propolis extract was shown to inhibit platelet aggregation and to inhibit eicosanoid synthesis, suggesting that it might have potent antiinflammatory properties. A 13% aqueous extract was tested orally in three dose levels (1, 5 and 10 ml/kg) on the carrageenan rat paw oedema model and on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. In both models, the extract showed potent dose-related antiinflammatory activity, which compared well with that of diclofenac (as a reference standard). The extract was then tested on an isolated sensitized guinea pig lung preparation to study its effect on the release of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and histamine. It is concluded that propolis extract has potent antiinflammatory properties in vivo. Its activity can be well correlated with its effects on the release of various mediators of inflammation.
Database Alerting Techniques for Office Activities Management (1982)

In this paper the authors approach the problem of office activities management from the database viewpoint. Database alerting techniques are developed to serve the purpose of office activities management. A conceptual framework for office information system design is presented. Simple database alerters and implementation techniques, existential alerters and time alerters are discussed. An example of journal editing is described in detail. Finally, alerter system stability is discussed.