gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Normalization of Depressed Heart Function in Rats by Ribose (1983)

Severe constriction of the abdominal aorta and simultaneous injection of isoproterenol in rats induced depression in heart function and reductions in cardiac adenosine triphosphate and total adenine nucleotides. When ribose was continuously infused for 24 hours, biosynthesis of cardiac adenine nucleotides was stimulated to such an extent that the reductions in adenosine triphosphate and total adenine nucleotides were prevented and left ventricular hemodynamic parameters were normal. These results support the hypothesis that adenosine triphosphate is primarily responsible for depression in myocardial contractility and that ribose is cardioprotective through its pronounced effects on adenine nucleotide metabolism in heart muscle.
Modeling Volume Change due to Intercalation into Porous Electrodes (2014)

A mathematical model is presented that predicts the dimensional and porosity changes in a porous electrode caused by volume changes in the active material during intercalation (e.g., lithium into carbon or silicon). Porosity and dimensional changes in an electrode significantly affect the resistance of the battery during cycling. In addition, volume changes generate stresses in the electrode, which can lead to premature failure of the battery. Here, material conservation equations are coupled with the mechanical properties of the porous electrode to derive governing relations that link dimensional and porosity changes to stresses that occur during the intercalation process. The stress-strain relationships used in this model, which are needed to predict porosity and dimensional changes, have been established by examining the similarities between thermal rock expansion (e.g., the exchange of thermal energy with the rock) and electrode expansion due to intercalation.
Foveated computer-generated hologram and its progressive update using triangular mesh scene model for near-eye displays (2019)

We propose a computer-generated hologram technique that reduces latency caused by hologram calculations in holographic near-to-eye displays. The proposed method applies a foveated rendering technique to a triangular mesh-based computer-generated hologram to reduce the computational load while maintaining the perceived image quality. Progressive update from low resolution to high resolution is achieved with minimal computational load by overlaying a new high-resolution occluding mesh patch on a low-resolution mesh model of the scene. The reduced latency for the first hologram generation with low reconstruction resolution and its smooth update to the high-resolution reconstructions using the proposed method was verified by numerical simulations and optical experiments.
Quantitative and temporal relation between the release of myoglobin and creatine kinase and the evolution of vectorcardiographic changes during acute myocardial infarction in man (1987)

The relation in time and magnitude between QRS vector changes (QRS-VD), ST vectors (ST-VM), and the cumulated release of myoglobin, total creatine kinase, and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB was studied. Seventy four patients with a first myocardial infarction and a history of symptoms of up to 5 h were included. Blood samples for enzyme analysis were taken every 4-6 h for 72 h and cumulated enzyme release was calculated from a monocompartmental first order model. QRS-VD and ST-VM were determined every 10 min for 24 h by computer analysis of Frank lead vectorcardiograms. Infarct sizes were visually determined from the different enzymatic and vectorcardiographic evolution curves. Eight patients were excluded from the analysis because they had a QRS width greater than or equal to 120 ms or ill defined plateaus of the release curves. The relation between infarct sizes estimated from QRS-VD and total creatine kinase was r = 0.62; QRS-VD and myoglobin release r = 0.57; total creatine kinase and myoglobin release r = 0.72, showing that these variables are good and complementary indices for estimating myocardial infarct size. Median infarct evolution curves were computed after the individual curves were normalised to 100%. ST-VM fell rapidly during the first 7 h to 40% of the initial values. QRS-VD and myoglobin release were closely associated and completed their development on average 15 h after the onset of symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pharmacologic ATF6 activating compounds are metabolically activated to selectively modify endoplasmic reticulum proteins (2018)

Pharmacologic arm-selective unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway activation is emerging as a promising strategy to ameliorate imbalances in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis implicated in diverse diseases. The small molecule <i>N-</i>(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-phenylpropanamide (<b>147</b>) was previously identified (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib35">Plate et al., 2016</xref>) to preferentially activate the ATF6 arm of the UPR, promoting protective remodeling of the ER proteostasis network. Here we show that <b>147</b>-dependent ATF6 activation requires metabolic oxidation to form an electrophile that preferentially reacts with ER proteins. Proteins covalently modified by <b>147</b> include protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), known to regulate ATF6 activation. Genetic depletion of PDIs perturbs <b>147</b>-dependent induction of the ATF6-target gene, <i>BiP</i>, implicating covalent modifications of PDIs in the preferential activation of ATF6 afforded by treatment with <b>147</b>. Thus, <b>147</b> is a pro-drug that preferentially activates ATF6 signaling through a mechanism involving localized metabolic activation and selective covalent modification of ER resident proteins that regulate ATF6 activity.
Electron Emission from Regions of High Resistance in Tin Oxide Films (1968)

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Fulleropyrrolidine interlayers: Tailoring electrodes to raise organic solar cell efficiency (2014)

A major challenge in organic solar cell design is the trade-off between oxidative stability and work function of the metal cathode. We found that in single-junction polymer solar cells, this problem can be surmounted by solution-based incorporation of fulleropyrrolidines with amine (C60-N) or zwitterionic (C60-SB) substituents as cathode-independent buffer layers. Specifically, a thin layer of C60-N reduced the effective work function of Ag, Cu, and Au electrodes to 3.65 electron volts. Power conversion efficiency values exceeding 8.5% were obtained for organic photovoltaics independent of the cathode selection (Al, Ag, Cu, or Au). Such high efficiencies did not require precise control over interlayer thickness, as devices prepared with C60-N and C60-SB layers ranging from 5 to 55 nanometers performed with high efficiency.
Adiabatic Engine Trends-Worldwide (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Since the early inception of the adiabatic diesel engine in 1974, marked progress has taken place as a result of research efforts performed all over the world. The use of ceramics for heat engines in production applications has been limited to date, but is growing. Ceramic use for production heat engine has included: combustion prechambers, turbochargers, exhaust port liners, top piston ring inserts, glow plugs, oxygen sensors; and additional high temperature friction and wear components. The potential advantages of an adiabatic engine vary greatly with specific application (i.e., commercial vs. military, stationary vs. vehicular, etc.), and thus, a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses (and associated risks) of advanced adiabatic concepts with respect to materials, tribology, cost, and payoff must be obtained. As an example, installed vehicular fuel economy for a low heat rejection adiabatic engine can vary from at least 10% improvement to well over 20% depending on application and engine configuration.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In the U.S., key research efforts within the adiabatic engine area include: high temperature tribology, brittle material fracture analysis, stochastic finite element stress analysis, transient heat transfer, and methods of designing engine components with ceramic/metal interfaces. Careful characterization of ceramic materials, techniques for low cost machinery/processing of the ceramics, and non-destructive evaluations are also underway. In Japan, the monolithic ceramic engine has been the predominant approach. However, at high output engine conditions, current monolithic ceramics have not lived up to expectations with respect to reliability and cost. In the U.S. and Europe ceramic coatings are drawing greater interest because of low cost and high reliability potential. The trend toward ceramic material/engine manufacturer consortiums appears to be growing on a worldwide basis, with success in the future most likely achieved by those working toward a common goal.</div>
Polyphenylene Dendrimers as Scaffolds for Shape-Persistent Multiple Peptide Conjugates (2005)

The present work describes synthetic concepts for the coupling of peptides to polyphenylene dendrimers (PPDs). Novel functionalized cyclopentadienones have been synthesized whose Diels-Alder cycloaddition with various core molecules leads to polyphenylene dendrimers possessing (protected) amino or carboxyl groups. In addition, the resulting functionalized molecules exhibit the characteristic shape-persistence and monodispersity of PPDs. Their functions have been used for the attachment of polylysine to the dendritic scaffold. Three different methods for the decoration of dendrimers with polypeptides are presented. First, polylysine segments are grafted from the surface of the dendrimers employing alpha-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) polymerization. Second, the C-terminal carboxyl groups of protected polypeptides are activated and then coupled to the amino groups on the surface of the PPD. Finally, cysteine terminated, unprotected peptide sequences are attached to polyphenylene dendrimers utilizing the addition of the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine to the maleimide functions on the dendrimer surface. Moreover, Diels-Alder cycloaddition of suitably functionalized cyclopentadienons to a desymmetized core molecule allows the design of a dendritic scaffold with a specific number of different anchor groups on its periphery. These approaches are important for the tailoring of new, shape-persistent, polyfunctional multiple antigen conjugates.
Experiments on Supervised Learning Algorithms for Text Categorization (2005)

Modern information society is facing the challenge of handling massive volume of online documents, news, intelligence reports, and so on. How to use the information accurately and in a timely manner becomes a major concern in many areas. While the general information may also include images and voice, we focus on the categorization of text data in this paper. We provide a brief overview of the information processing flow for text categorization, and discuss two supervised learning algorithms, viz., support vector machines (SVM) and partial least squares (PLS), which have been successfully applied in other domains, e.g., fault diagnosis Error! Reference source not found.. While SVM has been well explored for binary classification and was reported as an efficient algorithm for text categorization, PLS has not yet been applied to text categorization. Our experiments are conducted on three data sets: Reuter’s-21578 dataset about corporate mergers and data acquisitions (ACQ), WebKB and the 20-Newsgroups. Results show that the performance of PLS is comparable to SVM in text categorization. A major drawback of SVM for multi-class categorization is that it requires a voting scheme based on the results of pairwise classification. PLS does not have this drawback and could be a better candidate for multi-class text categorization.
Distributed Parallel SAT Checking with Dynamic Learning using DOTS (2001)

Spinal cord lesions are common in KSS. Patients with spinal disease show higher disability than patients without spinal cord lesions, supporting the inclusion of dedicated acquisitions to routine MRI of the brain in patients with KSS.
Novel (N‐heterocyclic carbene)Pd(pyridine)Br<sub>2</sub> complexes for carbonylative Sonogashira coupling reactions: Catalytic efficiency and scope for arylalkynes, alkylalkynes and dialkynes (2018)

New N , N ′‐substituted imidazolium salts and their corresponding dibromidopyridine–palladium(II) complexes were successfully synthesized and characterized. Reactions of palladium bromide with the newly synthesized N , N ′‐substituted imidazolium bromides ( 2a and 2b ) in pyridine afforded the corresponding new N‐heterocyclic carbene pyridine palladium(II) complexes ( 3a and 3b ) in high yields. Their single‐crystal X‐ray structures show a distorted square planar geometry with the carbene and pyridine ligands in trans position. Both complexes show a high catalytic activity in carbonylative Sonogashira coupling reactions of aryl iodides and aryl diiodides with arylalkynes, alkylalkynes and dialkynes.
Part 1: Highlights of the report (2005)

The Baltic countries have experienced ups and downs on their way to becoming part of the European Union. Small and open economies, the Baltic countries emerged from their transition recession around 1995 and since then have grown at a quite remarkable pace. Moreover, the most recent results for 2004 show no signs of a slowdown, and Baltic countries are still experiencing the highest growth rates in Europe and are among the most rapidly growing economies in the world. Indeed, if it were not for the slowdown in 1999 following the Russian crisis, all three countries would already have become textbook examples of sustainable growth acceleration with 8 or more years of growth in excess of 3.5 percent. This golden period of growth should be seen against the background of both the rapid pace of economic reforms, liberalization of markets, intensive inflows of foreign direct investment and institutional changes, and the effect of a low base with the income levels at the beginning of transition well below and the initial output collapse much larger than those of the Central European countries. The Baltic countries are only now back to income levels prevailing before transition (at least according to official statistics). The overarching question is whether this recent impressive growth performance can be sustained over the medium-long term. The purpose of this study is to examine more carefully the factors behind the Baltic growth miracle with a view to assessing future growth prospects. The authors do this by looking at the recent history from a number of different angles and at the likely evolution of key growth variables in the future.
Delivering the same optical frequency at two places: accurate cancellation of phase noise introduced by an optical fiber or other time-varying path (1994)

Although a single-mode optical fiber is a convenient and efficient interface/connecting medium, it introduces phase-noise modulation, which corrupts high-precision frequency-based applications by broadening the spectrum toward the kilohertz domain. We describe a simple double-pass fiber noise measurement and control system, which is demonstrated to provide millihertz accuracy of noise cancellation.
Ultrafast Dynamics of Nonequilibrium Organic Exciton–Polariton Condensates (2019)

Exciton-polariton condensation in organic materials, arising from the coupling of Frenkel excitons to the electromagnetic field in cavities, is a phenomenon resulting in low-threshold coherent light emission among other fascinating properties. The exact mechanisms leading to the thermalization of organic exciton-polaritons toward condensation are not yet understood, partly due to the complexity of organic molecules and partly to the canonical microcavities used in condensation studies, which limit broadband studies. Here, we exploit an entirely different cavity design, i.e., an array of plasmonic nanoparticles strongly coupled to organic molecules, to successfully measure the broadband ultrafast dynamics of the strongly coupled system. Sharp features emerge in the transient spectrum originating from the formation of a condensate with a well-defined molecular vibrational composition. These measurements represent the first direct experimental evidence that molecular vibrations drive condensation in organic systems and provide a benchmark for modeling the dynamics of organic-based exciton-polariton condensates.
Cell cycle analysis and chromosomal localization of human Plk1, a putative homologue of the mitotic kinases <i>Drosophila</i> polo and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Cdc5 (1994)

polo and CDC5 are two genes required for passage through mitosis in Drosophila melanogaster and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. Both genes encode structurally related protein kinases that have been implicated in regulating the function of the mitotic spindle. Here, we report the characterization of a human protein kinase that displays extensive sequence similarity to Drosophila polo and S. cerevisiae Cdc5; we refer to this kinase as Plk1 (for polo-like kinase 1). The largest open reading frame of the Plk1 cDNA encodes a protein of 68,254 daltons, and a protein of this size is detected by immunoblotting of HeLa cell extracts with monoclonal antibodies raised against the C-terminal part of Plk1 expressed in Escherichia coli. Northern blot analysis of RNA isolated from human cells and mouse tissues shows that a single Plk1 mRNA of 2.3 kb is highly expressed in tissues with a high mitotic index, consistent with a possible function of Plk1 in cell proliferation. The Plk1 gene maps to position p12 on chromosome 16, a locus for which no associations with neoplastic malignancies are known. The Plk1 protein levels and its distribution change during the cell cycle, in a manner consistent with a role of Plk1 in mitosis. Thus, like Drosophila polo and S. cerevisiae Cdc5, human Plk1 is likely to function in cell cycle progression.
Transport of galectin-3 between the nucleus and cytoplasm. II. Identification of the signal for nuclear export (2006)

Galectin-3, a factor involved in the splicing of pre-mRNA, shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Previous studies have shown that incubation of fibroblasts with leptomycin B resulted in the accumulation of galectin-3 in the nucleus, suggesting that the export of galectin-3 from the nucleus may be mediated by the CRM1 receptor. A candidate nuclear export signal fitting the consensus sequence recognized by CRM1 can be found between residues 240 and 255 of the murine galectin-3 sequence. This sequence was engineered into the pRev(1.4) reporter system, in which candidate sequences can be tested for nuclear export activity in terms of counteracting the nuclear localization signal present in the Rev(1.4) protein. Rev(1.4)-galectin-3(240-255) exhibited nuclear export activity that was sensitive to inhibition by leptomycin B. Site-directed mutagenesis of Leu247 and Ile249 in the galectin-3 nuclear export signal decreased nuclear export activity, consistent with the notion that these two positions correspond to the critical residues identified in the nuclear export signal of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor. The nuclear export signal activity was also analyzed in the context of a full-length galectin-3 fusion protein; galectin-3(1-263; L247A) showed more nuclear localization than wild-type, implicating Leu247 as critical to the function of the nuclear export signal. These results indicate that residues 240-255 of the galectin-3 polypeptide contain a leucine-rich nuclear export signal that overlaps with the region (residues 252-258) identified as important for nuclear localization.
Aberrant expression and regulation of hepatic epidermal growth factor receptor in a c-myc transgenic mouse model (1997)

In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism by which c-myc and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) cooperate in hepatocyte tumor development, we have analyzed signaling by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and the consequent regulation of receptor number in transgenic mice bearing the c-myc transgene under the control of the albumin enhancer/promoter. 125I-EGF binding and Scatchard analysis indicated a single class of high affinity receptors with the total number of binding sites of 1.2 X 10(4) +/- 600 and 2.5 X 10(5) +/- 1000 sites/cell in the normal and c-myc hepatocytes in primary culture, respectively. After 72 h of EGF exposure in culture, the number of detectable EGF receptors on the cell surface of the c-myc hepatocytes was not reduced, whereas the number of EGF receptors on normal hepatocytes was reduced to 32% that of untreated hepatocytes. Nuclear run-on experiments done with nuclei isolated from intact livers demonstrated that transcription of the EGF receptor was 4.9-fold higher in c-myc mice. Increased levels of the transcriptional factor SP1 in the c-myc hepatocytes in vivo and in primary culture, suggest a mechanism for the increased transcription of the EGF receptor. c-myc also increases the expression of TGF-alpha; a consequent increase in tyrosine phosphorylation is also detected in vivo. Thus, the increased number of EGF receptors in c-myc expressing hepatocytes, even after prolonged exposure to EGF, or TGF-alpha in vivo, may allow greater triggering of the EGF receptor signaling cascade.
Two-Photon Lasers Based on Intersubband Transitions in Semiconductor Quantum Wells (2004)

We propose to make a two-photon laser based on intersubband (sublevel) transitions in semiconductor nanostructures. The advantages and feasibility of such a two-photon laser are analyzed in detail using the density matrix approach. Both one-photon and two-photon gains in a three subband quantum well structure are studied on the same footing to show how the two-photon gain can be maximized, while the competing one-photon gain is minimized. The results show that a sufficient two-photon gain can be achieved to overcome one-photon competition and the loss of a conventional semiconductor cavity, making intersubband transitions one of the very few feasible approaches to two-photon lasing.
Effect of a Radiant Energy–Treated Lysozyme Antimicrobial Blend on the Control of Clostridial Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens (2010)

A cage study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of Entegard REV, a lysozyme-based antimicrobial blend, on the performance of broiler chickens and necrotic enteritis (NE) disease reduction of birds that were challenged with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens. In the experiment, challenge by the infectious agents without medication resulted in impaired feed consumption, weight gain, and feed conversions and caused high incidence of gross NE lesions and NE mortality rate. Entegard REV included in feed at 200 g/metric ton (MT) was very effective in reducing negative health effects in the birds after NE challenge, and its ability to control the disease was not statistically different from a commonly used antibiotic growth promotant, bacitracin methylene disalicilate, at 55 g/MT.
Studies on pyrimidine derivatives. XXV. Reaction of pyrimidinyl aldehydes and ketones with wittig reagents. (1982)

The reaction of 2-and 4-pyrimidinecarbaldehydes with reagents such as ethoxycarbonyl-(1) and benzoyl-(triphenylphosphino) methanide (2) gave pyrimidines with an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group. The reagents (1, 2) reacted with 2- and 4-acetylpyrimidines to give similar products, as expected. 4-(1-Chloroethyl) pyrimidines did not react with triphenylphosphine, though chloro-methylpyrimidines are know to give Wittig reagents.
Dense packing of cerebral aneurysms: an in vitro study with detachable platinum coils. (2000)

Aneurysm models were used to study the density of packing after coil embolization. Platinum coils were introduced until the point of minimally dense packing, indicated by aneurysmal circulatory exclusion. Packing was continued up to the point of maximal density, indicated by protrusion into the parent artery. Volumetric ratios (coil volume/aneurysmal volume) were calculated for minimally and maximally dense packing. Maximally dense packing ratios were a little higher than the minimally dense ratios, but less than 37%.