gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DFA Profiling of Oil Columns With Asphaltene Gradients (2010)

Abstract Downhole fluid analysis (DFA) has successfully been used to delineate reservoir attributes such as vertical and lateral connectivity and properties of the produced fluids. The new-generation DFA tools measure GOR, density, light-end compositions of CO2, C1, C2, C3–C5, and C6+, and color that is linearly related to the heavy ends in real time at formation conditions. Color grading analysis in oil columns becomes vital to discern reservoir complexities by means of integrating advanced asphaltene science with DFA Fluid Profiling. Modeling of asphaltenes and heavy ends of reservoir crude oils is only now becoming possible because of recent advances in the understanding of the molecular and colloidal structure of asphaltenes in crude oils. The Flory-Huggins polymer model has been widely used in modeling of asphaltene precipitation in the oil and gas industry. However, it has been excluded to describe asphaltene gradients in oil columns because the gravitational term requires knowledge of the sizes of asphaltenes which have been unclear until now. On the other hand, typical cubic equations of state (EOS) cannot represent asphaltenes well because of inaccurate asphaltene characterization and the lack of critical points for asphaltenes. Here, we treat the gas-liquid components of crude oil with the Peng-Robinson EOS. Heavy end gradients are treated with the Flory-Huggins formalism explicitly incorporating the size of asphaltene molecules and aggregates. All parameters in the model were related to DFA measurements such as compositions, GOR, density, etc. The variations of gas and oil properties with depth were calculated by the Peng-Robinson EOS based on DFA compositions using specifically developed delumping, characterizing, and OBM correcting techniques. In particular, oil solubility parameters are linearly related to DFA density. Filed case studies prove the value and simplicity of our heavy end treatment. A volatile oil case study shows that colored resins (heavy asphaltene-like resins) are molecularly dissolved in crude oils. Several case studies show asphaltenes are dispersed as nanoaggregates in stable crude. These case studies are in accord with the observations in the recent advances in asphaltene science. Heuristics can be developed form results herein corresponding to prediction of asphaltene gradients. For example, heavy ends (resins, asphaltenes) preferentially reside at the bottom of the oil column both because of gravity and the possible GOR gradients, thus variable solvation strengths. This methodology establishes a powerful new approach for conducting DFA color grading analysis by coupling advanced asphaltene science, the Flory-Huggins grading model, the new workflow and other information with DFA Fluid Profiling to address reservoir connectivity.
Self‐Assembly of Diblock‐Copolymer Micelles for Template‐Based Preparation of PbTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanograins (2006)

Abstract A bottom‐up fabrication route for PbTiO 3 nanograins grown on predefined TiO 2 nanostructures used as seeds is presented. The structuring of the TiO 2 seeds is performed using a self‐organized template constructed from a gold‐loaded micellar monofilm. With this fabrication process, TiO 2 seeds and PbTiO 3 grains with diameters of 12 and 30 nm, respectively, are prepared without the need for electron‐beam lithography. The dimensions of the structure imposed by the micellar template are transferred through all the processing steps to the final PbTiO 3 grains. Furthermore, it is shown that the intermicelle distance and the degree of order in the dried monofilm is mainly determined by the preparation conditions, such as the pulling velocity in the dipping process and the strength of the surface–micelle interaction, and not necessarily by the architectural properties (block length and ratio) of the diblock copolymers that build the micelles. The intermicelle spacing in the dried film is much smaller than the micelle dimensions in solution, and approaches the dimensions of a fully collapsed micelle when the dipping process is performed slowly enough.
Inverse‐staggered polycrystalline silicon thin‐film transistors fabricated by excimer laser irradiation (1993)

Abstract Fundamental device performance, mobility distribution, and threshold voltage shift characteristics of inverted staggered polycrystalline thin‐film transistors (TFTs) are discussed. The present TFT uses a polycrystalline silicon ( p ‐Si) crystallized by excimer laser as semiconductor layer and SiN prepared by CVD method as gate insulator. The TFT was fabricated onto glass substrate of 100 mm 2 at a maximum temperature of 300°C. Measurements of the distribution of mobility were carried out with devices placed at every 0.3 mm pitch. As a result, the mobility μ of TFT made at laser intensity of 200 mJ/cm 2 is 20.9 cm 2 /V · s and the off‐current is 2 × 10 11 A. TFT was found to be very uniform except for a region where a superposition of 200 mJ/cm 2 laser irradiation over a weak laser intensity was made. The analysis indicates that the region for low micrometer is the area irradiated by a laser intensity 110 to 170 mJ/cm 2 . The region irradiated with laser intensity of this range also was found to be in a mixed state of amorphous silicon of depleted hydrogen atoms and crystalline consisting of fine grains. A shift voltage at 20 V gate dc voltage at 10 4 s after the application of the voltage is 0.2 V, 1/25 time smaller compared to a‐Si TFT. The present p ‐Si TFT is demonstrated to exhibit high‐device performance for liquid crystal display.
Reasoning about temporal relations : a maximal tractable subclass of Allen's interval algebra (1993)

We introduce a new subclass of Allen's interval algebra we call "ORD-Horn subclass", which is a strict superset of the "pointisable subclass". We prove that reasoning in the ORD-Horn subclass is a polynomial-time problem and show that the path-consistency method is sufficient for deciding satisfiability. Further, using an extensive machine-generated case analysis, we show that the ORD-Horn subclass is a maximal tractable subclass of the full algebra (assuming P neq NP). In fact, it is the unique greatest tractable subclass amongst the subclasses that contain all basic relations.
Statistical Correlation Between SERS Intensity and Nanoparticle Cluster Size (2013)

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) mapping of biomarkers has shown great promise in determining the distribution of proteins of interest in cells and tissues. Metallic nanoparticle (NP) probes are generally used in such mapping. Since SERS intensities from NPs are dependent on size, shape, and interparticle distance/distribution, it is unclear if this method can provide reliable biomarker quantification. To address this problem, we investigated a statistical approach to the quantification of SERS from SERS probe clusters. The investigation began by considering multiple biotinylated surfaces that had been exposed to pegylated NPs (designed for biological SERS mapping) functionalized with streptavidin (defined as SERS probes). The surfaces were imaged with a scanning electron microscope and SERS-mapped with a Raman microscope. Statistical distributions of the SERS probe clusters and mapped SERS intensities on the surfaces were developed. It was found that there was a smooth polynomial relationship between SERS intensity and probe cluster size. Our result is in contrast to the sharp, highly variable intensity increases observed in studies of unmodified NPs. Based on the polynomial relationship found, it is clear that pegylated NP SERS probes might be useful for quantification in the SERS mapping of biological material, as the SERS intensity can be potentially related back to the number of probes at the acquisition point.
Improvement of cylindrical cloaking with the SHS lining (2007)

We analyze the effectiveness of cloaking an infinite cylinder from observations by electromagnetic waves in three dimensions. We show that, as truncated approximations of the ideal permittivity and permeability material parameters tend towards the singular ideal cloaking values, the D and B fields blow up near the cloaking surface. Since the metamaterials used to implement cloaking are based on effective medium theory, the resulting large variation in D and B poses a challenge to the suitability of the field-averaged characterization of epsilon and mu. We also consider cloaking with and without the SHS (soft-and-hard surface) lining. We demonstrate numerically that cloaking is significantly improved by the SHS lining, with both the far field of the scattered wave significantly reduced and the blow up of D and B prevented.
Synthesis of Water Soluble Hyperbranched Polyurethanes Using Selective Activation of AB<sub>2</sub> Monomers (2004)

The synthesis of a novel water-soluble hyperbranched polyurethane is described. The synthetic strategy involves a new approach to hyperbranched polymerization through the selective activation of the A functionality of the unprotected of AB2 monomer. 1,1‘-Carbonyl diimidazole is added at room temperature to an amino-diol monomer with the corresponding selective formation of an active carboxamide and no detectable reaction at the hydroxyl B functional groups. The active monomer self-condenses to form hyperbranched polyurethanes with measured degrees of branching equaling 0.6 and Mn up to 11 000 Da. A series of model reactions has been conducted to confirm the polymerization mechanism, and ideally branched model molecules have been used to assign the 15N NMR spectra of the hyperbranched polymers. Reaction conditions have been varied, and the factors affecting the polymerization are discussed.
Computer aided diagnosis of nuclear cataract (2008)

An approach to automatically diagnose nuclear cataract based on the slit-lamp image is proposed in this paper. Model-based approach is investigated to detect robust lens structure. Based on the detected lens structure, the mean intensity, the color information on the posterior subcapsular reflex and visual axis profile are extracted as the grading features. Support Vector Machine (SVM) regression model is further trained to predict the grades of nuclear cataract automatically. The proposed approach was tested using 900 images and the mean grading error is 0.36. The encouraging results show that it is promising to apply the proposed approach to clinical diagnosis.
Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Matched Normal and Tumor Breast Tissues (2010)

Proteomic analysis of breast cancer tissue has proven difficult due to its inherent histological complexity. This pilot study presents preliminary evidence for the ability to differentiate adenoma and invasive carcinoma by measuring changes in proteomic profile of matched normal and disease tissues. A dual lysis buffer method was used to maximize protein extraction from each biopsy, proteins digested with trypsin, and the resulting peptides iTRAQ labeled. After combining, the peptide mixtures they were separated using preparative IEF followed by RP nanoHPLC. Following MALDI MS/MS and database searching, identified proteins were combined into a nonredundant list of 481 proteins with associated normal/tumor iTRAQ ratios for each patient. Proteins were categorized by location as blood, extracellular, and cellular, and the iTRAQ ratios were normalized to enable comparison between patients. Of those proteins significantly changed (upper or lower quartile) between matched normal and disease tissues, those from two invasive carcinoma patients had >50% in common with each other but <22% in common with an adenoma patient. In invasive carcinoma patients, several cellular and extracellular proteins that were significantly increased (Periostin, Small breast epithelial mucin) or decreased (Kinectin) have previously been associated with breast cancer, thereby supporting this approach for a larger disease-stage characterization effort.
Analysis of Poly(A) Tail Lengths by PCR: The PAT Assay (2003)

The procedure described here, the PCR poly(A) test (PAT), allows the analysis of the poly(A) tail on a specific mRNA within a pool of total RNA in a rapid (1 day) and sensitive (subnanogram total RNA) fashion. The assay also provides quantitative estimates of the RNAs poly(A) tail length (). RNA manipulations up to and including cDNA synthesis are carried out in a single tube, minimizing handling and possible RNase contamination. Most importantly, once the PAT cDNAs are synthesized they are stable and can be used repeatedly to study any mRNA within the population by a PCR reaction. The ease and sensitivity of this technique make it amenable to the analysis of poly(A) tail lengths in virtually any system. Current and past applications include poly(A) analysis in mouse oocytes (), Drosophila oocytes and embryos (, , ), C. elegans (B. Goodwin, personal communication; M. Gallegos and J. Kimble, personal communication), yeast (J. Engebrecht, personal communication), and cultured cells (). A previous simpler version of this assay () has been used to study cytoplasmic polyadenylation in mouse () and zebrafish (M. O’Connell, personal communication) embryos, as well as nuclear polyadenylation of nascent transcripts (mouse []; Xenopus []) and polyadenylation in mouse submaxillary glands ().
Finite element analysis of springback behavior in resistance heating assisted microbending process (2015)

By assisting with resistance heating, the material formability can be improved, and more homogeneous material flow can be obtained. In this study, finite element (FE) models for an analysis of microbending process assisted by resistance heating were developed. Coupled thermal-electrical procedure and coupled thermal-displacement dynamic explicit procedure were conducted to analyze the temperature distribution and material deformation, respectively. And static implicit procedure was carried out for the analysis of springback behavior. The simulation results show that the temperature distribution of the blank is caused by the difference in electrical current density, which influences the material deformation as well as springback behavior. And the spingback angle decreases with increasing forming temperature. The temperature distribution and springback angle obtained from the simulation show the same tendency with the experiments, which confirmed the feasibility of the developed FE models. By using the developed FE models, the effects of the temperature distribution on material behavior can be obtained, and the springback angle for microbending process assisted by resistance heating can be predicted precisely. The possibility of reducing springback and improving the accuracy of the products by designing the process efficiently is demonstrated.
Human Amyloid P Component: An Elastase Inhibitor (1984)

Amyloid deposits almost invariably contain a pentagonal-shaped protein (a so-called pentraxin), termed amyloid P component (AP), in close apposition to the amyloid fibrils. AP is also detected alongside normal elastin fibres in skin and basement membrane. In the present studies, purified human AP was shown to inhibit the activity of porcine pancreatic elastase. The inhibition of elastolytic activity was not abolished by heating AP to 70 degrees C. Furthermore, two other human serum proteins used as controls did not inhibit elastase activity: albumin, which has a similarly acidic pI, and C-reactive protein, which is a pentraxin, sharing 50% sequence homology with AP. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that elastase treated with AP had a slower elastolytic rate than untreated elastase. The inhibitory effect of AP was reversed by high substrate (fivefold) concentration. These observations suggest that AP may function in vivo to protect elastin and amyloid fibrils from proteolytic cleavage. Indeed, this may in part account for the relative resistance of amyloid deposits to resorption and proteolysis.
[Antioxidant properties of lactic acid bacteria--probiotic and yogurt strains]. (2009)

Antioxidant properties of 14 strains of lactic acid bacteria were evaluated in vitro using FRAP assay, inhibition of luminol oxidation in Hb-H2O2 system and inhibition of NADPH-Fe2+ induced microsomal lipid peroxidation. All strains demonstrated high reducing properties, but only L. casei spp. (including L. casei 114001) and L. fermentum ME-3 revealed pronounced ability to suppress oxidation of luminol (by 43-65,8%) and microsomal lipid peroxidation (by 57,9-89,5%). Either L. casei 114001 (10(8) CFU suspended in physiological solution) or fermented dairy drink containing equivalent amount of L. casei 114001 were daily administered orally to male Wistar rats. Antioxidant capacity of blood plasma, liver and intestines of animals elevated while MDA content in blood plasma decreased.
Electrostimulating device in the management of xerostomia (2006)

Electrostimulation resulted in a significant decrease in sensor dryness, leading to a beneficial effect on patients' subjective condition. No significant side-effects were observed.
Vascular targeting by EndoTAG™‐1 enhances therapeutic efficacy of conventional chemotherapy in lung and pancreatic cancer (2009)

Cationic lipid complexed paclitaxel (EndoTAG-1) is a novel vascular targeting agent for the treatment of cancer. Here, the aim was to investigate intratumoral drug distribution after EndoTAG-1 therapy and analyze the impact of EndoTAG-1 scheduling on antitumoral efficacy. The therapeutic effect of EndoTAG-1 in combination with conventional gemcitabine or cisplatin therapy was evaluated in L3.6pl orthotopic pancreatic cancer and a subcutaneous Lewis lung (LLC-1) carcinoma model. Oregon Green paclitaxel encapsulated in cationic liposomes in combination with intravital fluorescence microscopy clearly exhibited delivery of the drug by EndoTAG-1 to the tumor endothelium, whereas Oregon Green paclitaxel dissolved in cremophor displayed an interstitial distribution pattern. The therapeutic efficacy of EndoTAG-1 was critically dependent on the application schedule with best therapeutic results using a metronomic rather than a maximum tolerated dose application sequence. The combination of EndoTAG-1 therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy significantly enhanced antitumoral efficacy in both tumor models. Interestingly, only EndoTAG-1 in combination with gemcitabine was able to inhibit the incidence of metastasis in pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, vascular targeting tumor therapy by EndoTAG-1 combined with standard small molecular chemotherapy results in markedly enhanced antitumoral efficacy. Therefore, this combination represents a promising novel strategy for clinical cancer therapy.
Liquid crystal tunable microstrip patch antenna (2008)

A microstrip patch antenna operating in the 5 GHz range and tuned by liquid crystal (LC) is described. The simulated tuning range is 8% while the measurements showed a range of 4%. Losses in the commercially available LC material at these frequencies give rise to antenna efficiencies ranging from 35–40% at best and falling to around 20% when the LC is in the unbiased state.
Increased tau accumulation in senile plaques as a hallmark in Alzheimer's disease. (1989)

To identify the tau component in senile or kuru plaques, the authors examined brain sections from 12 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 6 with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), and 20 nondemented aged controls using anti-beta protein, anti-buman prion protein, and affinity-purified tau-specific antibody. The tau component was identified both in senile and kuru plaques. In AD, tau-positive senile plaques were found in all cerebral cortices of almost all cases, and the tau-positivity of plaques in cerebral cortices was 5.1 to 27.5%. In CJD, tau-positive senile and kuru plaques were restricted to the hippocampus, and the tau-positivity was 4.3 and 1.2%, respectively. In nondemented aged controls, tau-positive senile plaques also were restricted mostly to the hippocampus, and the tau-positivity was 1.3%. Significant differences in the tau-positivity of senile plaques were found between AD and CJD and nondemented aged controls, and no significant differences were found between CJD and nondemented aged controls. These observations are important because increased tau accumulation in senile plaques can be a hallmark of AD.
A high efficient dual path power amplifier for IS-95 CDMA handset applications (2005)

A highly efficient dual path power amplifier (PA) for IS-95 code division multiple access (CDMA) handset applications is proposed. A dual path PA consists of two different size PAs combined parallely with single input/output matching circuits. The dual path PA operates in two different modes, a high power mode and a low power mode (lower than 16 dBm). A dual path PA is fabricated in an InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) monolithic micro-wave integrated circuit (MMIC) for the 1.76 GHz Korea Personal Communication Service (K-PCS), and operates at a supply voltage of 3.4 V. The dual path PA exhibits an output power of 29 dBm, a 46 % power added efficiency (PAE) at 28 dBm output power, and a -39 dBc adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) at a 1.25 MHz offset frequency in the high power mode and an output power of 24 dBm, a 19 % PAE at a 16 dBm output power level, and a -58 dBc ACPR at a 1.25 MHz offset frequency in the low power mode.
Lipoamide Dehydrogenase, Glutathione Reductase, Thioredoxin Reductase, and Thioredoxin (1967)

Abstract A procedure has been developed for the purification of lipoamide dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, and thioredoxin from Escherichia coli B, in which the four proteins are purified together in the initial stages separation effected in two steps, and the individual purifications completed in one or two steps. The extinction coefficient of FAD in thioredoxin reductase has been determined. Amino acid analyses of lipoamide dehydrogenase and thioredoxin reductase are given. The half-cystine content of the E. coli lipoamide dehydrogenase is only one-half of that found with the pig heart enzyme.
Mass isotopomer pattern and precursor-product relationship (1992)

The synthesis of a homonucleus polymer from its labeled precursor will lead to the formation of molecules with different masses. The distribution of these mass isotopomers is strictly a function of the enrichment of the 13C-labeled precursor, and can thus be used for the determination of the precursor enrichment and product dilution in the de novo synthesis of the polymer. We present here a study of the isotopomer pattern of a polymer of acetate in the form of glucose pentaacetate synthesized from 13C-enriched acetic anhydride. The molecular ion contains four acetyl units. Its synthesis is analogous to that of octanoic acid from acetyl coenzyme A. The process of obtaining the mass isotopomer distribution in the tetraacetyl moiety from the ion cluster of m/z 331 of glucose pentaacetate is illustrated. After correcting for the contribution of 13C natural abundance, the plot of the ratio of mass isotopomers (m4/m2) against the observed enrichment of the tetraacetate moiety yielded a straight line with a slope of 1.45. The ratio was not altered by dilution with pre-existing unenriched product, as predicted. The slope of the observed linear relationship agreed with the general formula (N-(j-1))/j for the ratio of any two consecutive mass isotopomers (mj/mj-1). Theoretical and practical aspects of determining precursor enrichment from isotopomer pattern in polymers are discussed.
A Suggested Computation for Maximal Multi-Commodity Network Flows (1958)

A simplex computation for an arc-chain formulation of the maximal multi-commodity network flow problem is proposed. Since the number of variables in this formulation is too large to be dealt with explicitly, the computation treats non-basic variables implicitly by replacing the usual method of determining a vector to enter the basis with several applications of a combinatorial algorithm for finding a shortest chain joining a pair of points in a network.