gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 Pneumonia (2020)

In hospitalized patients with Covid-19 pneumonia who were not receiving mechanical ventilation, tocilizumab reduced the likelihood of progression to the composite outcome of mechanical ventilation or death, but it did not improve survival. No new safety signals were identified. (Funded by Genentech; EMPACTA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04372186.).
Serial Biopsy Results in Prostate Cancer Screening Study (2002)

Nearly a quarter of prostate cancers detected in this screening study were missed by the initial biopsy. Of the 962 prostate cancers detected 77% were detected with 1, 91% with 2, 97% with 3 and 99% with 4 biopsy procedures. Serial biopsies detect more organ confined cancers without over detecting clinically unimportant tumors. Future studies are needed to determine whether obtaining more biopsy cores initially would provide earlier prostate cancer detection and avoid unnecessary repeat biopsies.
Structure and mechanism of soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (1999)

Soluble glucose dehydrogenase (s-GDH; EC 1.1.99.17) is a classical quinoprotein which requires the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) to oxidize glucose to gluconolactone. The reaction mechanism of PQQ-dependent enzymes has remained controversial due to the absence of comprehensive structural data. We have determined the X-ray structure of s-GDH with the cofactor at 2.2 Å resolution, and of a complex with reduced PQQ and glucose at 1.9 Å resolution. These structures reveal the active site of s-GDH, and show for the first time how a functionally bound substrate interacts with the cofactor in a PQQ-dependent enzyme. Twenty years after the discovery of PQQ, our results finally provide conclusive evidence for a reaction mechanism comprising general base-catalyzed hydride transfer, rather than the generally accepted covalent addition-elimination mechanism. Thus, PQQ-dependent enzymes use a mechanism similar to that of nicotinamide- and flavin-dependent oxidoreductases.
Cortagine: Behavioral and Autonomic Function of the Selective CRF Receptor Subtype 1 Agonist (2007)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a neuropeptide and mediating component of neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral processes associated with the stress response. The two receptor subtypes identified in the mammalian brain, CRF receptor subtype 1 (CRF1) and CRF2, are suggested to differentially modulate these processes. Manipulation of these receptors with selective CRF compounds and transgenic models has revealed, in most studies, a clear potentiation of the stress response through central activation of CRF1. However, pharmacological activation of CRF restricted to CRF1 has been limited by the availability of selective peptidic compounds. Recently, a highly selective CRF1 agonist, cortagine, has been developed. It was synthesized from chimeric intermediate sequences of ovine CRF, sauvagine, and human/rat CRF into a highly soluble peptide with strong affinity for CRF1 (IC(50) < 5 nM) and a very low binding preference for CRF2 (IC(50) > 500 nM). Affinity for the CRF binding protein (IC(50) > 1,000 nM) can be abolished by the addition of a glutamate residue on position 21 of the cortagine peptide sequence. Cortagine has recently been tested in a variety of preclinical models of behavior including the elevated-plus-maze (EPM), forced swim test (FST), homecage, and rat exposure test (RET). Preliminary characterization in the EPM and FST suggested that this compound elicits anxiogenic and antidepressant-like effects, respectively. Additional testing in the homecage and RET, which targets various elements of behavior, directs to a more potent anxiogenic profile of cortagine. In this review, we discuss the behavioral findings and the tests used to measure these effects. Finally, we also discuss preliminary findings of autonomic activation obtained by central injection of cortagine that support CRF1 involvement in the modulation of heart rate and heart rate variability.
Design and Demonstration of 40 micron Bump Pitch Multi-layer RDL on Panel-based Glass Interposers (2015)

This paper describes the design, fabrication, and characterization of a two-metal layer RDL structure at 40 um pitch on thin glass interposers. Such an RDL structure is targeted at 2.5D glass interposer packages to achieve up to 1 TB/s die-to-die bandwidth and off-interposer data rates greater than 400 Gb/s, driven by consumer demand of online services for mobile devices. Advanced packaging architectures including 2.5D and 3D interposers require fine line lithography beyond the capabilities of current organic package substrates. Although silicon interposers fabricated using back-end-of-line processes can achieve these RDL wiring densities, they suffer from high electrical loss and high cost. Organic interposers with high wiring densities have also been demonstrated recently using a single sided thin film process. This paper goes beyond silicon and organic interposers in demonstrating fine pitch RDL on glass interposers fabricated by low cost, double sided, and panel-scalable processes. The high modulus and smooth surface of glass helps to achieve lithographic pitch close to that of silicon. Furthermore, the low loss tangent of glass helps in reducing dielectric losses, thus improving high-speed signal propagation. A semi-additive process flow and projection excimer laser ablation was used to fabricate two-metal layer RDL structures and bare glass RDL layers. A minimum of 3 um lithography and 20 um mico-via pitch was achieved. High-frequency characterization of these RDL structures demonstrated single-ended insertion losses of −0.097 dB/mm at f = 1 GHz and differential insertion losses of −0.05 dB/mm at f = 14 GHz.
Performance of a diatomite-based sorbent in removing mercury from aqueous and oil matrices (2007)

Performance of diatomite based mercury sorbent (Chromosorb® QSR) powder and pellets was studied. Test results indicated that this sorbent was highly effective in removing various mercury species from aqueous and oil matrices. More than 99% removal was achieved after 30 min treatment with the diatomite sorbent powder at 1 g/L sorbent loading for an initial ionic mercury concentration of 9700 ppb. The diatomite sorbent was also stable when stored at oxidizing condition or at high temperature up to 200 °C. For continuous mercury removal process, the diatomite sorbent powder can be used as filter aid in pressure filters and the diatomite sorbent pellets can be used in fixed bed columns. A number of case studies presented on actual industrial wastewater and crude oil samples further indicate that this new mercury sorbent could provide a practical solution to mercury contamination problems in many industries.
High-performance tunable optical parametric oscillator (1993)

We report the experimental demonstration of tunable optical frequency division based on an efficient, one-step parametric downconversion process in a potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Our compact OPO generated two nearly degenerate subharmonic outputs that can be tuned over a 1.5 THz range in the signal-idler beat frequency by crystal angle tuning and cavity length scanning. We achieved continuous tuning of the beat frequency over a range of 0.5 GHz through the use of temperature and electro-optic tuning of the KTP crystal. A tunable optical frequency divider was realized by phase locking the signal- idler beat frequency to an external microwave frequency source, which yielded a beatnote linewidth at the sub-Hz level. The output frequencies of the phase-locked OPO were therefore precisely controlled by the tunable microwave source and the pump frequency. Characteristics of three different OPO cavity designs and their operations are discussed.
Steady state analysis of induction motor with broken rotor bars (1995)

The paper presents a mathematical model of a squirrel cage induction motor, taking account of higher space harmonics, and a computer simulation of induction motor fault states. The authors have studied the case of broken rotor bars as the source of rotor electrical asymmetry. Based on the mathematical model, the computer simulation of the influence of rotor cage defects on torque and current characteristics of induction machines at different slip values is presented. The practical monitoring of cage asymmetry is discussed by using spectral analysis of the line current of an induction machine. The laboratory tests of both healthy motors and motors with broken rotor bars show good agreement with these simulation results.
Stereoscopic depth estimation for online vision systems (2012)

A lot of work has been done in the area of machine stereo vision, but a severe drawback of today's algorithms is that they either achieve high accuracy and robustness by sacrificing real-time speed or they are real-time capable but with major deficiencies in quality. In order to tackle this problem this thesis presents two new methods which exhibit a very good balance between computational effort and depth accuracy.\nFirst, the summed normalized cross-correlation is proposed which constitutes a new cost function for block-matching stereo processing. In contrast to most standard cost functions it hardly suffers from the fattening effect while being computationally very efficient. Second, the direct surface fitting, a new algorithm for fitting parametric surface models to stereo images, is introduced. This algorithm is inspired by the homography-constrained gradient descent methods but in contrast to these allows also for the estimation of non-planar surfaces. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that both newly introduced algorithms are competitive to state-of-the-art in terms of accuracy while having a much lower computational time.
Micro screening in wastewater treatMent - an overview (2006)

Microscreens, or microstrainers, are widely used within wastewater treatment, and applications include primary and tertiary treatment as well as treatment of stormwater. The following paper is an attempt to present an overview of literature in order to identify possibilities and key questions associated with two types of microscreens based on gravity flow – disc- and drumfilters. Generally there is a good foundation based on practical experience, especially for tertiary treatment. The particle size distribution and floc strength are identified as crucial parameters in understanding and design of microscreens. Difficulties in applying chemical pre-treatment and clogging of filter media are described as drawbacks but also as key questions for further development of the technology.
Next Generation Orthopaedic Implants by Additive Manufacturing Using Electron Beam Melting (2012)

This paper presents some examples of knee and hip implant components containing porous structures and fabricated in monolithic forms utilizing electron beam melting (EBM). In addition, utilizing stiffness or relative stiffness versus relative density design plots for open-cellular structures (mesh and foam components) of Ti-6Al-4V and Co-29Cr-6Mo alloy fabricated by EBM, it is demonstrated that stiffness-compatible implants can be fabricated for optimal stress shielding for bone regimes as well as bone cell ingrowth. Implications for the fabrication of patient-specific, monolithic, multifunctional orthopaedic implants using EBM are described along with microstructures and mechanical properties characteristic of both Ti-6Al-4V and Co-29Cr-6Mo alloy prototypes, including both solid and open-cellular prototypes manufactured by additive manufacturing (AM) using EBM.
Dental Regenerative Therapy using Oral Tissues (2012)

Anti-Aging Medicine is a theoretical and practical science which aims to ensure the achievement of a long and healthy life. Dental medicine plays an important role in its practice. Given the substantial influence of dental/oral diseases on general health, the maintenance and improvement of oral function promotes not only dental/oral Anti-Aging but also systemic Anti-Aging as well.The current target of Anti-Aging dental medicine is the prevention or slowing down of the age-related decline in oral function by evaluating indicators of oral function, such as dental age, periodontal age, occlusion age, swallowing age, and salivary age. In this symposium, Dr. Kenji Mishima (Department of Dentistry, Tsurumi University), speaking on “Application of Cell Transplantation Therapy to Salivary Gland Dysfunction”, Dr. Masahiro Saito (Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science), speaking on “Role of Tooth Regeneration in Anti-Aging Medicine” and myself, Dr. Narisato Kanemura (Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine), speaking on “Development of a New Periodontal Tissue Regeneration Method Aimed at Anti-Aging Use”, delivered presentations about the current status and future prospects of regenerative dentistry, which aims not only to prevent a decrease in oral function but also to restore it when function is lost, and introduced the latest in regenerative dentistry involving the salivary glands, teeth, oral mucosal epithelia, and periodontal ligaments. In addition, to describe collaboration between dental medicine and ophthalmology, Dr. Takahiro Nakamura (Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University), speaking on “Current Status and Future Prospects of Corneal Regenerative Therapy using Oral Tissue”, introduced the current status and future prospects of corneal regenerative therapy using periodontal mucosal epithelium. Summaries of these lectures are presented here. In the “Dental Regenerative Therapy using Oral Tissues” symposium at the 2011 11th Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Society of Anti-Aging Medicine, the experts were invited to report recent findings on maintenance.
The Influence of Chromatin Structure on the Frequency of Radiation-Induced DNA Strand Breaks: A Study Using Nuclear and Nucleoid Monolayers (1991)

To assess the influence of chromatin structure on the frequency of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks, the alkaline unwinding technique was applied to nuclear and nucleoid monolayers. These chromatin substrates were prepared by treating human fibroblasts grown as monolayers with the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 and varying concentrations of cations. The chromatin structure was modified either by a stepwise removal of DNA-bound proteins by extraction in increasing concentrations of monovalent salt, or by the addition or deletion of mono- and divalent cations to condense or decondense the chromatin, respectively. It was found that the stepwise removal of DNA-bound proteins from the chromatin dramatically increased the frequency of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks. The DNA-bound proteins showed a qualitative difference in their ability to protect the DNA where proteins removed by salt concentrations above 1.0 M exerted the greatest protection. Furthermore, the frequency of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks was found to be 6 times lower in condensed chromatin than in decondensed chromatin and about 80 times lower than in protein-depleted chromatin. It is concluded that the presence of DNA-bound proteins and the folding of the chromatin into higher-order structures protect the DNA against radiation-induced strand breaks.
Conditional Affordance Learning for Driving in Urban Environments (2018)

Most existing approaches to autonomous driving fall into one of two categories: modular pipelines, that build an extensive model of the environment, and imitation learning approaches, that map images directly to control outputs. A recently proposed third paradigm, direct perception, aims to combine the advantages of both by using a neural network to learn appropriate low-dimensional intermediate representations. However, existing direct perception approaches are restricted to simple highway situations, lacking the ability to navigate intersections, stop at traffic lights or respect speed limits. In this work, we propose a direct perception approach which maps video input to intermediate representations suitable for autonomous navigation in complex urban environments given high-level directional inputs. Compared to state-of-the-art reinforcement and conditional imitation learning approaches, we achieve an improvement of up to 68 % in goal-directed navigation on the challenging CARLA simulation benchmark. In addition, our approach is the first to handle traffic lights and speed signs by using image-level labels only, as well as smooth car-following, resulting in a significant reduction of traffic accidents in simulation.
Pattern Formation in Unstable Thin Liquid Films (1998)

The problem of spontaneous evolution of morphological patterns in thin ( $<100\mathrm{nm}$) unstable liquid films on homogeneous solid substrates is resolved based on a 3D nonlinear equation of motion. Initially, a small amplitude bicontinuous structure emerges, which either grows and fragments into a collection of microdroplets (for relatively thinner films), or leads directly to isolated circular holes (for thicker films) which dewet the surface. The characteristics of a pattern, and its pathway of evolution, thus depend crucially on the form of the intermolecular potential in an extended neighborhood of the initial thickness. The linear and 2D nonlinear analyses used hitherto fail completely in prediction of morphological patterns, but can predict their length scales rather well.
Flaking of Langmuir-Blodgett films at the air-water interface (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlaking of Langmuir-Blodgett films at the air-water interfaceYoshio Okahata and Katsuhiko ArigaCite this: Langmuir 1989, 5, 5, 1261–1262Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00089a026https://doi.org/10.1021/la00089a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selective Sulfonylation of Arenes and Benzoylation of Alcohols Using Lithium Perchlorate as a Catalyst Under Neutral Conditions (2002)

Sulfonylation of aromatics with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride and benzoylation of alcohols with benzoyl chloride using lithium perchlorate as a catalyst is described. The remarkable selectivity under neutral conditions is an attractive feature of this method
Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis and the regulation of glucose metabolism in <i>Azotobacter beijerinckii</i> (1971)

Azotobacter beijerinckii possesses the enzymes of both the Entner-Doudoroff and the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle pathways of glucose catabolism and both pathways are subject to feedback inhibition by products of glucose oxidation. The allosteric glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase utilizes both NADP(+) and NAD(+) as electron acceptors and is inhibited by ATP, ADP, NADH and NADPH. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (NADP-specific) is unaffected by adenosine nucleotides but is strongly inhibited by NADH and NADPH. The formation of pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate from 6-phosphogluconate by the action of the Entner-Doudoroff enzymes is inhibited by ATP, citrate, isocitrate and cis-aconitate. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is unaffected by adenosine and nicotinamide nucleotides but the enzyme is non-specific with respect to NADP and NAD. Citrate synthase is strongly inhibited by NADH and the inhibition is reversed by the addition of AMP. Isocitrate dehydrogenase, a highly active NADP-specific enzyme, is inhibited by NADPH, NADH, ATP and by high concentrations of NADP(+). These findings are discussed in relation to the massive synthesis of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate that occurs under certain nutritional conditions. We propose that synthesis of this reserve material, to the extent of 70% of the dry weight of the organism, serves as an electron and carbon ;sink' when conditions prevail that would otherwise inhibit nitrogen fixation and growth.
LALA: Location aware load aware overlay anycast (2004)

Anycast is a powerful paradigm for managing and locating resources in decentralized distributed systems. Ideally, an anycast system must be scalable, location-aware and load-aware. Location-awareness means that the anycast system should be able to locate a resource that is near the client in the network. Load-awareness means that it must be able to disperse load to avoid overloading group members in the case of high demand in a certain region of the network.\nExisting anycast systems are either location-aware or load-aware, but not both. We motivate LALA, a generic architecture for doing scalable, location-aware, load-aware anycast that realizes the following anycast functionality: Given a client request, our goal is to select the closest anycast server that has enough resources to satisfy the client's request. We show how LALA can be designed on some of the existing overlay anycast architectures and close with an evaluation that demonstrates its effectiveness.
Tunable dye laser with a narrow emission spectrum (1975)

The use of a diffraction grating and a prism telescope in an organic dye laser improved considerably the selectivity and made it possible to operate at high energy levels. A polarization beam splitter was used in a longitudinal variant of pumping with laser radiation. The output frequency was continuously tunable in a wide range and the width of the spectrum was less than 0.1 cm–1.
Dynamics of fully complex-valued neural networks (1992)

A novel neural network that processes input vectors and attractors fully in complex space using complex weights is proposed. Real and imaginary data are treated consistently with an equivalent significance in nondegenerate complex space. This network can be applied for ill-posed problems concerning realistic physical fields and continuous motion controls. The dynamics are presented and demonstrated.
Rheological Characteristics of Intermediate Moisture Blends of Pregelatinized and Raw Wheat Starch (2002)

Rheological properties of intermediate moisture (35-45% wet basis) doughs from pregelatinized and raw wheat starch blends of various ratios were characterized using off-line capillary rheometry and online slit-die extrusion. In the case of capillary rheometer, viscosity of blends decreased by up to 50% as pregel starch concentration increased from 5 to 45%, whereas tests could not be conducted beyond 45% pregel starch concentration. For slit-die extrusion, viscosity was at a minimum at 60% pregel concentration, and it decreased by as much as 65% as pregel concentration increased from 0 to 60%. As pregel concentration increased (from 5 to 45% for the rheometer and from 0 to 60% for the extruder), the amount of water available in the system for gelatinization of existing raw starch granules decreased due to the stronger water-binding capacity of pregelatinized starch. This led to decreased additional conversion in the rheometer and extruder, which in turn caused a decrease in the volume fraction of starch and a reduction in viscosity.