gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination of Entner-Doudoroff Pathway with MEP Increases Isoprene Production in Engineered Escherichia coli (2013)

Embden-Meyerhof pathway (EMP) in tandem with 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway (MEP) is commonly used for isoprenoid biosynthesis in E. coli. However, this combination has limitations as EMP generates an imbalanced distribution of pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). Herein, four glycolytic pathways-EMP, Entner-Doudoroff Pathway (EDP), Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) and Dahms pathway were tested as MEP feeding modules for isoprene production. Results revealed the highest isoprene production from EDP containing modules, wherein pyruvate and G3P were generated simultaneously; isoprene titer and yield were more than three and six times higher than those of the EMP module, respectively. Additionally, the PPP module that generates G3P prior to pyruvate was significantly more effective than the Dahms pathway, in which pyruvate production precedes G3P. In terms of precursor generation and energy/reducing-equivalent supply, EDP+PPP was found to be the ideal feeding module for MEP. These findings may launch a new direction for the optimization of MEP-dependent isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways.
Designing and Testing of a Citrus tristeza virus ResequencingMicroarray (2005)

A high density, Affymetrix resequencing microarray capable of querying 117,088 nucleotides of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) genomic sequences has been designed and fabricated. This microarray comprises nearly one million tiled probes of 25-mer oligonucleotides at a feature size of 8 m. Each CTV target nucleotide is queried by 8 probes of mismatched and perfectly matched oligonucleotides in parallel. The tiled bases on the microarray contain full-length sequences from 4 representative CTV genomes and selected sequences from six other CTV genomes. Together, the information on the microarray represents the genetic diversity equivalent to 10 full-length CTV genomes. The utility and versatility of the CTV resequencing microarray were tested using cDNA clones of T30 and T36 isolates as target DNA. The entire genomes of isolates T30 and T36 were first amplified as five PCR DNA fragments of 4 kb each. After quantification and pooling, the amplified DNA was fragmented, biotin-labeled, and hybridized to the oligonucleotide probes on the microarray. Hybridization between the target DNA and the oligonucleotide probes was visualized by multiple-stage staining with streptavidin phycoerythrin and scanned using a high density laser scanner. Signal intensities were then analyzed using the Affymetrix GDAS software to finalize base calls. Base call rates from 99.5% to 99.7% and base call accuracies between 99.9% and 100% have been achieved using the CTV resequencing microarray. In addition, several nucleotide polymorphisms were identified between the cDNA clone analyzed by the resequencing microarray and the published T30 genomic sequence.
ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS USING ASYMMETRIC HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES (1975)

Abstract An enzyme immobilization technique employing enzyme sequestration within the porous support regions of asymmetric hollow fiber membranes is described and experimentally evaluated. Reactor conversion data over a wide range of operating conditions agrees well with predictions obtained from a mathematical model developed previously. β-galactosidase immobilized by this technique was found to retain 100% activity for 60 hours of continuous reactor operation, and for 140 days when stored at 3°C. The effects on reactor performance of (1) enzyme adsorption by the membrane, and (2) axial redistribution of enzyme accompanying radial flow of fluid through the fiber wall, have been evaluated; neither process significantly alters conversion kinetics or efficiency for the substrate/enzyme system investigated.
RANDOMDEC: MATHEMATICAL BACKGROUND AND APPLICATION TO DETECTION OF STRUCTURAL DETERIORATION IN BRIDGES (1976)

The application of Randomdec analysis to the detection of flaws in highway bridges is investigated analytically and experimentally. The analytical study shows basic properties of the method including the relationship between the Randomdec signature, the amplitude spectrum and the modal response of the system. The experimental program included a field study on five bridges and a laboratory study on samples with induced fatigue cracks. The bridge work produced results on signature characteristics of different types of structural members and on the detection of structural changes in a bridge under dynamic testing. The laboratory study showed that within the frequency range of 1-10 KHz, crack growth in the range of 0.25 to 0.7 cm can be detected at distances up to about one meter. /FHWA/
Cosa de niños. Juguetes: Con una inversión en publicidad superior a los 4.600 millones de pesetas los fabricantes de juguetes intentan hacer su agosto en Navidades (1989)

Navidad es tiempo de juego. Los grandes fabricantes del sector, que facturaron en estas fechas mas del 70 por 100 de sus ingresos anuales, lo saben y, como todos los anos, han incrementado vertiginosamente la inversion publicitaria, centrada en un 90 por 100 en television. Rostros infantiles, voces agudas y nombres cantarines bombardearon constantemente al consumidor ilustrando el renovado y perecedero muestrario de la temporada. En apenas dos meses, la industria de la diversion se la juega.
A preemptive packet transfer scheme with virtual cells in a long packet (1988)

Abstract In heterogeneous packet‐switching systems that handle packets of various sizes, such as short packets for voice and long packets for image or video, resource occupation by long packets causes an intolerable transfer delay of short packets. To avoid this problem, we propose a preemptive packet transfer scheme, where a long packet, composed of a number of virtual cells, can be preempted by short packets only at the end of each transferred cell. First, this paper analyzes the relationship between the transfer delay of short packets and cell size. Next, a division process for a long packet necessitated by short packet arrival is formulated. Then the amount of long packet processing and long packet transfer overhead are calculated. Finally, a design method for the proposed scheme is discussed and a packet format example for this scheme is proposed.
Mechanical Properties of UV-Irradiated Low-Density Polyethylene Films Formulated With Carbon Black and Titanium Dioxide (2001)

This study reports on the effect of UV-rays on the mechanicalproperties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films pigmented with carbonblack and titanium dioxide (TiO2) in different formulations. The film sampleswere submitted to UV-soaking with fluorescent lamps for differ ent exposuretimes and 40 oC. An untreated LDPE film is used for the purpose ofcomparison. The physico-chemical structural changes in the irradiated filmswere monitored by retained elongation- and stress-at-break and by Fouriertransforminfrared spectrophoto- metric methods. The changes in both filmtensile properties at break and in carbonyl groups under UV exposures arediscussed. Retained elongation-at-break is found to decrease with exposuretime for most studied formulations, except for formulation of TiO2 / carbonblack = 0.75, it increases with exposure time. The results show that the use ofboth pigments, carbon black and TiO2 in appropriate concentration ratios givesa reliable improvement in the mechanical and physico-chemical properties ofLDPE films exposed to UV-radiation.
Attenuation of fibroblast growth factor signaling by poly‐<i>N</i>‐acetyllactosamine type glycans (2013)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors are expressed in a variety of mammalian tissues, playing a role in development and cell proliferation. While analyzing human sperm motility, we found that sperm treated with endo-β-galactosidase (EBG), which specifically hydrolyzes poly-N-acetyllactosamine type glycans (polyLacs), enhanced motility. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that sperm-associated polyLacs are heavily fucosylated, consistent with Lewis Y antigen. Immunohistochemistry of epididymis using an anti-Lewis Y antibody before and after EBG treatment suggested that polyLacs carrying the Lewis Y epitope are synthesized in epididymal epithelia and secreted to seminal fluid. EBG-treated sperm elevated cAMP levels and calcium influx, indicating activation of fibroblast growth factor signaling. Seminal fluid polyLacs bound to FGFs in vitro, and impaired FGF-mediated signaling in HEK293T cells.
The Role of Proliferation in Determining Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: A Gene Expression–Based Meta-Analysis (2016)

Proliferation differences account for the vast majority of predictive capacity of gene expression signatures in neoadjuvant chemosensitivity for ER<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>-</sup> breast cancers and, to a lesser extent, TNBCs. Immune activation signatures are proliferation-independent predictors of pathologic complete response in ER<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>-</sup> breast cancers. In TNBCs, significant proliferation-independent signatures include gene sets that represent a diverse set of cellular processes. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6039-50. ©2016 AACR.
The Future of Carbon Dioxide for Polymer Processing in Tissue Engineering (2013)

The use of CO2 for scaffold fabrication in tissue engineering was popularized in the mid-1990 s as a tool for producing polymeric foam scaffolds, but had fallen out of favor to some extent, in part due to challenges with pore interconnectivity. Pore interconnectivity issues have since been resolved by numerous dedicated studies that have collectively outlined how to control the appropriate parameters to achieve a pore structure desirable for tissue regeneration. In addition to CO2 foaming, several groups have leveraged CO2 as a swelling agent to impregnate scaffolds with drugs and other bioactive additives, and for encapsulation of plasmids within scaffolds for gene delivery. Moreover, in contrast to CO2 foaming, which typically relies on supercritical CO2 at very high pressures, CO2 at much lower pressures has also been used to sinter polymeric microspheres together in the presence of cells to create cell-seeded scaffolds in a single step. CO2 has a number of advantages for polymer processing in tissue engineering, including its ease of use, low cost, and the opportunity to circumvent the use of organic solvents. Building on these advantages, and especially now with the tremendous precedent that has paved the way in defining operating parameters, and making the technology accessible for new groups to adapt, we invite and encourage our colleagues in the field to leverage CO2 as a new tool to enhance their own respective unique capabilities.
Role of monochloramine in the oxidation of erythrocyte hemoglobin by stimulated neutrophils. (1984)

Stimulation of the oxygen (O2) metabolism of isolated human neutrophilic leukocytes resulted in oxidation of hemoglobin of autologous erythrocytes without erythrocyte lysis. Hb oxidation could be accounted for by reduction of O2 to superoxide (O-2) by the neutrophils, dismutation of O-2 to yield hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of chloride (Cl-) by H2O2 to yield hypochlorous acid (HOCl), the reaction of HOCl with endogenous ammonia (NH+4) to yield monochloramine ( NH2Cl ), and the oxidative attack of NH2Cl on erythrocytes. NH2Cl was detected when HOCl reacted with the NH+4 and other substances released into the medium by neutrophils. The amount of NH+4 released was sufficient to form the amount of NH2Cl required for the observed Hb oxidation. Oxidation was increased by adding myeloperoxidase or NH+4 to increase NH2Cl formation. Due to the volatility of NH2Cl , Hb was oxidized when neutrophils and erythrocytes were incubated separately in a closed container. Oxidation was decreased by adding catalase to eliminate H2O2, dithiothreitol to reduce HOCl and NH2Cl , or taurine to react with HOCl or NH2Cl to yield taurine monochloramine . NH2Cl was up to 50 times more effective than H2O2, HOCl, or taurine monochloramine as an oxidant for erythrocyte Hb, whereas HOCl was up to 10 times more effective than NH2Cl as a lytic agent. NH2Cl contributes to oxidation of erythrocyte components by stimulated neutrophils and may contribute to other forms of neutrophil oxidative cytotoxicity.
Effect of Wind-Tunnel Contraction on Free-Stream Turbulence (1956)

The effect of wind-tunnel contraction on free-stream turbulence is determined by passing a well-defined turbulence through three contractions of ratios 4 : 1 , 9 :1 , and 16:1. Turbulent velocity measurements show that, in absolute magnitudes, the longitudinal component decreases and the lateral component increases as the flow accelerates through the contraction. Postand precontraction spectra are measured to get an idea about the distortion of turbulence structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis of Alkene Oxidation by Nickel Salen Complexes Using NaOCl Under Phase‐Transfer Conditions. (1988)

Abstract The Ni(II)(salen) complex (I) is unusually active as catalyst for olefin oxidation in the presence of hypochlorite.
Determination of Pongamol and Karanjin in Karanja Oil By Reverse Phase Hplc (2000)

ABSTRACT Pongamol and karanjin, naturally present in karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil possess potential UV A and UV B sunscreen activities, respectively. A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for direct estimation of these constituents of karanja oil. This method of analysis requires no sample preparation of active ingredients. The analysis uses methanol, water and acetic acid in the ratio of 85: 13.5: 1.5 as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/ min on a Kromasil 100 C18 column, ex Tracer (250mm X46mm, particle size 5 microns) and dual wavelength detection at 350 and 300 nm. 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxy cinnamate (Parsol MCX) was used as the internal standard. The identical UV spectrum of the chromatographic region (upslope, apex and downslope) confirmed that the analysis was free from substrate interference. The detection limits for pongamol and karanjin were found to be 0.1 μg/ml.
Tools and techniques for Java API testing (2002)

With the advent of object-oriented languages and the portability of Java APIs, the development and use of reusable software components is becoming a reality. Effective component reuse depends on component reliability, which in turn depends on thorough testing. The literature, however, provides few approaches to component testing that are practical for the input generation and output checking of the large number of test cases required. In this paper, we present the "Roast" tool and techniques for the testing of Java APIs. The tool and techniques are illustrated on two non-trivial components, and quantitative results are presented to substantiate the practicality and effectiveness of the approach.
Multiple Imaging With An Aberration Optimized Hololens Array (1989)

We study the imaging performance of hololenses formed with four different geometries through an analysis of their third-order aberration coefficients. It is found that the geometry proposed by Brandt [Appl. Opt. 8(7), 1421-1429 (1969)] gives the least residual aberration with minimum variation of this aberration with the reconstruction angle. When the ideal position of one of the construction beams is changed in order to generate a hololens array, the residual aberration is found to increase sharply, which in turn affects the image resolution among the multiplied images in the output. We have generated a hololens array using Brandt's geometry with the help of a 1-D sinusoidal grating. The results of multiple imaging with the hololens array are presented. The image resolution is reasonably high and can be further improved by reducing the f-number of the hololenses.
Mifepristone (RU 486), a blocker of type II glucocorticoid and progestin receptors, reverses a dietary form of obesity (1992)

The effect of mifepristone (RU 486), a blocker of type II glucocorticoid receptors on the development of obesity that follows the feeding of a high-fat (HF) diet to Osborne-Mendel (OM) rats, has been investigated. OM rats fed a HF diet gained more weight and had larger retroperitoneal and parametrial fat pads than OM rats fed a high-carbohydrate low-fat (LF) diet. RU 486 (30 mg.kg-1.day-1) for 14 days completely reversed the body weight gain and the increase in fat pad size of OM rats fed a HF diet. RU 486 had no effect on body weight of OM rats fed a LF diet, but did reduce fat pad weights. The data suggest that type II glucocorticoid receptor activity modulates body fat deposition and is essential for the development of obesity, although a minor role for progestin receptor activity cannot be ruled out.
Some highly fluorinated carbocations (1973)

Reactions have been carried out between a variety of fluorinated olefins and the strong acid systems antimony pentafluoride in sulphur dioxide and antimony pentafluoride/fluorosulphonic acid, with the intention of generating some highly fluorinated allyl cations.The cations were analysed by means of their N.M.R. spectra and by the products obtained on quenching the ionic solutions.Initial experiments were carried out with highly fluorinated propenes, substituted at the 1-or 2-positions by electron donating groups.Reaction of 1-p-anisylpentafluoropropene with antimony pentafluoride in sulphur dioxide at -30 resulted in removal of fluoride ion from the -CP^ group and generation of the 1,l,2,3-tetrafluoro-3-p-anisylallyl cation.A detailed study of the N.M.R. spectrum of this cation has yielded a great deal of information about the structure of the allyl cation itself and the manner in which the charge is stabilized by the fluorine atoms.Reaction also occurred between 1-methoxypentafluoropropene and antimony pentafluoride in sulphur dioxide, apparently with removal of fluoride ion, but a simple allyl cation was not formed.Similarly 1-phenyland l~methyl-pentafluoropropene did not yield simple allyl cations.Reactions of 2-phenyl-and 2-p~anisyl-pentafluoropropene with antimony pentafluoride in sulphur dioxide also did not produce the expected allyl cations, and 2-p-anisylpentafluoropropene reacted with antimony pentafluoride/fluorosulphonic acid to form an addition product.Hexafluoropropene itself reacted with antimony pentafluoride at room temperature to produce the hydrogen fluoride addition product and a dimer which could possibly have been formed from an intermediate allyl cation.The work was extended into the field of cyclobutenes, and allyl cations were produced on reaction of 1,2-dimethyl-and 1,2-dimethoxy-tetrafluorocyclobutenes with antimony pentafluoride in sulphur dioxide.Conclusive evidence could not be found for the presence of allyl cations in the reactions of 1-methoxypentafluorocyclobutene and l,3,3-trimethoxy-2,4,4trifluorocyclobutene with this acid system.Further extension of the work into the field of highly fluorinated cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl cations was attempted, but it was found that neither 1,2-dimethylhexafluorocyclopentene nor 1,2-dimethyloctafluorocyclohexene yielded simple allyl cations with the strong acid systems used.1.3.Structure of Allyl Cations A, Bond Angles B.
Scaling, Power and the Future of CMOS (2007)

In the mid 1980's the power growth that accompanied scaling forced the industry to focus on CMOS technology, and leave nMOS and bipolars for niche applications. Now 20 years later, CMOS technology is facing power issues of its own. After first reviewing the "cause" of the problem, it will become clear that there are not easy solutions this time - no new technology or simple system/circuit change will rescue us. Power, and not number of devices is now the primary limiter of chip performance, and the need to create power efficient designs is changing how we do design. This talk will review power optimized design methods and shows how power is strongly tied to performance and that variability aversely effects power efficiency. Projecting forward, it shows that unless die size shrinks, in future technologies most of the devices will need to be idle most of the time which has strong ramifications for the both the underlying device and system design.
Physiotherapy for sleep disturbance in chronic low back pain: a feasibility randomised controlled trial (2010)

Current controlled trial ISRCTN54009836.
Broad-Spectrum Bactericidal Activity of Ag <sub>2</sub> O-Doped Bioactive Glass (2002)

Bioactive glass has found extensive application as an orthopedic and dental graft material and most recently also as a tissue engineering scaffold. Here we report an initial investigation of the in vitro antibacterial properties of AgBG, a novel bioactive glass composition doped with Ag(2)O. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties of this new material and of two other bioactive glass compositions, 45S5 Bioglass and BG, have been studied by using Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus as test microorganisms. Concentrations of AgBG in the range of 0.05 to 0.20 mg of AgBG per ml of culture medium were found to inhibit the growth of these bacteria. Not only was AgBG bacteriostatic, but it also elicited a rapid bactericidal action. A complete bactericidal effect was elicited within the first hours of incubation at AgBG concentrations of 10 mg ml(-1). 45S5 Bioglass and BG had no effect on bacterial growth or viability. The antibacterial action of AgBG is attributed exclusively to the leaching of Ag(+) ions from the glass matrix. Analytical measurements rule out any contribution to AgBG-mediated bacterial killing by changes in pH or ionic strength or the dissolution of other ionic species from the biomaterials. Our observations of the dissolution profiles of Ag(+) from AgBG in the presence and absence of bacteria are consistent with silver accumulation by the bacteria.
Identification and characterization of a novel mammalian Mg2+ transporter with channel-like properties (2005)

These studies suggest that MagT1 may provide a selective and regulated pathway for Mg2+ transport in epithelial cells.
Fuzzy natural language communication system-FLINS: concept and conversation examples (2002)

The Fuzzy Computing project (FC project) at the Laboratory for International Fuzzy Engineering Research (LIFE) in Japan is developing a natural language communication system called FLINS, which is short for Fuzzy Lingual System. The final goal of the project is to implement a lingual computer that can communicate and learn, both by being taught and on it own, through use of fuzzy natural language. This paper gives an overview of the FC project, especially FLINS. It first briefly presents the key concepts of FLINS, then explains the three-layered fuzzy inference and the inference control based on the three-layered inference that are the special features of FLINS, and finally gives conversation examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Trehalose as a Cryoprotective Agent for the Sperm Cells: A Mini Review (2012)

Although many protocols have been developed for semen cryopreservation, sperm cryosurvival rate is still not optimum in most of the species. Factors responsible for low cryosurvival rate are; changes in temperature, ice formation, lipid peroxidation, alterations in sperm membrane, toxicity of cryoprotectants and osmotic stress. Moreover, cell dehydration during freezing process is one of the factors altering the structural and functional integrity of the plasma membrane. Sugars have several functions in sperm extender, including providing energy substrate for the sperm cell during incubation, maintaining the osmotic pressure of the diluents, and acting as a cryoprotectant. Trehalose, (α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside) a non-permeable sugar, has a significant role to prevent deleterious effect of cell dehydration on plasma membrane. Recent reports have shown encouraging data regarding the use of trehalose for the cryopreservation of sperm cells. Therefore, in this review, information is presented related to the use of trehalose for cryopreserving sperm from different species.