gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracting Information about Security Vulnerabilities from Web Text (2011)

The Web is an important source of information about computer security threats, vulnerabilities and cyber-attacks. We present initial work on developing a framework to detect and extract information about vulnerabilities and attacks from Web text. Our prototype system uses Wikitology, a general purpose knowledge base derived from Wikipedia, to extract concepts that describe specific vulnerabilities and attacks, map them to related concepts from DBpedia and generate machine understandable assertions. Such a framework will be useful in adding structure to already existing vulnerability descriptions as well as detecting new ones. We evaluate our approach against vulnerability descriptions from the National Vulnerability Database. Our results suggest that it can be useful in monitoring streams of text from social media or chat rooms to identify potential new attacks and vulnerabilities or to collect data on the spread and volume of existing ones.
Determination of the p<i>I</i> of Human Rhinovirus Serotype 2 by Capillary Isoelectric Focusing (1996)

Capillary isoelectric focusing was applied to determine the pI value of human rhinovirus serotype 2 (HRV 2), a picornavirus of about 8,500,000 Da in size. Using fused silica capillaries dynamically coated with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (added at 0.08% to the catholyte), the virus zone failed to reach the steady state position in the pH gradient within times usually employed in focusing experiments, as the electroosmotic flow (EOF) pushed the analyte zone past the detector. Therefore, the residence time of the zones in the separation capillary was extended by applying hydrodynamic pressure at the detector side during focusing, thus pneumatically counteracting the EOF. After completion of focusing, the zones were mobilized by pressure maintaining the high voltage. For calibration of the pH gradient, low molecular mass pI marker substances were employed. Using the relation between the apparent pI value of the virus and the focusing time under counter pressure, the actual pI of HRV2 was determined as 6.8 by extrapolating to infinite time.
Low-Power Wireless Body Area Sensor Network Communication Sub-Systems. (2008)

As we move towards the nanotechnology era, technological advancements in the fine line-width submicron CMOS process has allowed vast improvements in the area of digital VLSI. The continually increasing level of integration with steadily rising clock rates is paving a path in the direction of more sophisticated and powerful digital systems. The primary technology that has been benefited from these advances is the wireless body area sensor networks technology (WBASN). The concept of WBASN has been introduced recently in biomedical application where miniaturized wearable or implantable wireless sensors are used for continuous monitoring of patients. These sensor nodes are typically capable of wireless communication and are significantly constrained in the amount of available resources such as power consumption, storage and computation. In order to make wireless body area sensor networks cost-effective and practical, the electronic components of a wireless sensor node need to run for months to years on the same battery. In this work there were two general thrusts of this research: The first area of research was the design and implementation of low-power communication sub-systems that includes a AE-ADC converter and MAC routing protocol for these sensor nodes, employing techniques such as hardwired algorithms, lowered supply voltages, clock gating and subsystem shutdown. Prototypes were built on both an ASIC platform, in order to verify functionality and characterize power consumption. The resulting 0.13 mum silicon fabricated in Infineon's process was operational for supply voltages ranging from 1.0V to 1.5V, with power consumption of ~0.416mW that is the lowest solution for robust WBASN. The second area of research was the investigation of using LDPC codes error control method for WBASN application although their principal use to date has been in the DVB-S2 systems as the best option for the Forward Error Control (FEC). Techniques for improving the LDPC decoding algorithm were investigated, and method for reducing computational and hardware implementation complexity were evaluated.
Characterization of a type IV collagen major cell binding site with affinity to the alpha 1 beta 1 and the alpha 2 beta 1 integrins. (1991)

The aim of this investigation was to identify the domains of type IV collagen participating in cell binding and the cell surface receptor involved. A major cell binding site was found in the trimeric cyanogen bromide-derived fragment CB3, located 100 nm away from the NH2 terminus of the molecule, in which the triple-helical conformation is stabilized by interchain disulfide bridges. Cell attachment assays with type IV collagen and CB3 revealed comparable cell binding activities. Antibodies against CB3 inhibited attachment on fragment CB3 completely and on type IV collagen to 80%. The ability to bind cells was strictly conformation dependent. Four trypsin derived fragments of CB3 allowed a closer investigation of the binding site. The smallest, fully active triple-helical fragment was (150)3-amino acid residues long. It contained segments of 27 and 37 residues, respectively, at the NH2 and COOH terminus, which proved to be essential for cell binding. By affinity chromatography on Sepharose-immobilized CB3, two receptor molecules of the integrin family, alpha 1 beta 1 and alpha 2 beta 1, were isolated. Their subunits were identified by sequencing the NH2 termini or by immunoblotting. The availability of fragment CB3 will allow for a more in-depth study of the molecular interaction of a short, well defined triple-helical ligand with collagen receptors alpha 1 beta 1 and alpha 2 beta 1.
Effects of spray-dried animal plasma on serous and intestinal redox status and cytokines of neonatal piglets1 (2010)

The study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, as well as serum and intestinal cytokines and antioxidant indicators of artificially reared neonatal piglets. Three diets, 1) control (a fish meal basal diet), 2) SDAP (containing 10% SDAP), and 3) autoclaved SDAP (auSDAP; containing 10% auSDAP), were fed to 36 weaned piglets (3 d old), which were randomly allotted to 3 groups. At 21 d of age, blood and intestinal mucosal samples were collected from all piglets after they were slaughtered. Compared with the control, both SDAP and auSDAP improved ADFI and duodenal villus height of piglets (P < 0.05), whereas SDAP increased ADG and duodenal villus height to crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05). Piglets fed SDAP and auSDAP had reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in mucosa (P < 0.05). The concentration of serum MDA was decreased and mucosal catalase (CAT) activities were increased in piglets fed SDAP diet than those fed the control diet (P < 0.05). In the mucosa, both SDAP and auSDAP decreased tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6, transforming growth factor β, and soluble IL-2 receptor contents (P < 0.05). Mucosal IL-1β was decreased in SDAP compared with auSDAP and control groups (P < 0.05). The SDAP and control groups had increased mucosal IL-2 compared with auSDAP group (P < 0.05). The cytokines in serum were not affected by SDAP and auSDAP. The results indicate that both SDAP and auSDAP improved the growth performance of neonatal piglets, whereas the SDAP had a greater effect. The benefits of SDAP probably resulted from the promotion of the intestinal development, which were accompanied by the increased antioxidant capacity and the decreased production of inflammatory factors in the intestinal mucosa.
6.1 A 56Gb/s PAM-4/NRZ transceiver in 40nm CMOS (2017)

Ultra-high speed data links such as 400GbE continuously push transceivers to achieve better performance and lower power consumption. This paper presents a highly parallelized TRX at 56Gb/s with integrated serializer/deserializer, FFE/CTLE/DFE, CDR, and eye-monitoring circuits. It achieves BER<;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> under 24dB loss at 14GHz while dissipating 602mW of power.
Advanced Security Methodologies for Spontaneous Networks (2013)

The challenge of securing inter-communications becomes recently of great importance. The research on these services is growing rapidly within the recent years. In this paper, we provide an overview on the recent security methodologies in the field of spontaneous networks. We describe the requirements, the aspects, the pros and cons of each one. We raise the flag on open issues in this field over different environments. This paper forms a solid base for future contributions in this research area.
Total Synthesis of Kaempferol and Methylated Kaempferol Derivatives (2001)

Abstract Kaempferol ( 1 ), a natural product from various plants, was synthesized in which the longest linear sequence is only seven steps in over all yields of 47% from commercially avail able 1,3,5‐trimethoxybenzene (10). The methylated kaempferols 2–5 were also pre pared by use of this concise synthetic methodology. The key transformations in this synthesis involved the I 2 oxidative‐promoting‐cyclization and DDO oxidative hydroxylation. Several strategies to achieve 1 are provided.
Comparative Microsatellite Typing of New World Leishmania infantum Reveals Low Heterogeneity among Populations and Its Recent Old World Origin (2011)

Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the New World (NW) with endemic regions extending from southern USA to northern Argentina. The two hypotheses about the origin of VL in the NW suggest (1) recent importation of L. infantum from the Old World (OW), or (2) an indigenous origin and a distinct taxonomic rank for the NW parasite. Multilocus microsatellite typing was applied in a survey of 98 L. infantum isolates from different NW foci. The microsatellite profiles obtained were compared to those of 308 L. infantum and 20 L. donovani strains from OW countries previously assigned to well-defined populations. Two main populations were identified for both NW and OW L. infantum. Most of the NW strains belonged to population 1, which corresponded to the OW MON-1 population. However, the NW population was much more homogeneous. A second, more heterogeneous, population comprised most Caribbean strains and corresponded to the OW non-MON-1 population. All Brazilian L. infantum strains belonged to population 1, although they represented 61% of the sample and originated from 9 states. Population analysis including the OW L. infantum populations indicated that the NW strains were more similar to MON-1 and non-MON-1 sub-populations of L. infantum from southwest Europe, than to any other OW sub-population. Moreover, similarity between NW and Southwest European L. infantum was higher than between OW L. infantum from distinct parts of the Mediterranean region, Middle East and Central Asia. No correlation was found between NW L. infantum genotypes and clinical picture or host background. This study represents the first continent-wide analysis of NW L. infantum population structure. It confirmed that the agent of VL in the NW is L. infantum and that the parasite has been recently imported multiple times to the NW from southwest Europe.
Using codesign techniques to support analog functionality (1999)

With the growth of System on a Chip (SOC), the functionality of analog components must also he considered in the design process. This paper describes some of the design implementation partitioning issues and experiences using analog and digital techniques for embedded systems. To achieve a quick turn around for new embedded system development, a design methodology was extended for analog codesign based on the specify-explorerefine paradigm and system-level design methodology 131. Many system-level issues were addressed including hardwarp/sofiware codesign trade-offs.
Highly Interpenetrated Robust Microporous Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework for Gas Separation (2017)

A hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF), HOF-11, has been successfully prepared by the slow diffusion of hexane into a tetrahydrofuran solution of tris(4-carboxyphenyl)amine (TCPA). HOF-11 has been characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analysis, which is composed of TCPA ligands connected by the intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions in the carboxylic group dimer, showing 11-fold interpenetrated three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded networks in a (10,3)-b topology with the pore size of 6.2 × 6.8 Å2. The permanent porosity of degassed HOF was demonstrated by virtue of the CO2 sorption and selective gas adsorption.
Click Chemistry on Solution-Dispersed Graphene and Monolayer CVD Graphene (2011)

Graphene from two different preparative routes was successfully functionalized with 4-propargyloxybenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate in order to study a subsequent attachment by click chemistry (1,3-dipolar azide–alkyne cycloaddition) of a short chain polyethylene glycol with terminal carboxylic end group (PEG-COOH). The reaction steps were studied by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, as well as zeta-potential and surface tension measurements. In the first route, pristine graphene was surfactant dispersed from a stage controlled expanded graphite before reaction, resulting in colloidally stable dispersions after dialysis removal of the surfactant following the two functionalization steps. The chemistry was shown to increase the zeta-potential from −45.3 to −54.6 mV and increase the surface tension from 48.5 to 63.0 mN/m compared to those of the precursor solution. The magnitudes of the zeta-potential and the resulting solution concentration were shown to increase with grafting density up to 14.2 μg/mL. A colloidal stability model was used to estimate the maximum grafting density of the PEG-COOH groups yielding a value of 1 per 10 nm2. Raman mapping before and after the two-step functionalization suggests that edges and defects are preferentially reacted. In the second route, we investigated the same click chemistry functionalization on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesized monolayer graphene films, which showed higher reactivity than solution-dispersed graphene. Because these methods do not originate with the more oxidized forms of graphene, the results point to new ways of more precisely controlling the chemistry of graphene.
Mortalin/GRP75 Binds to Complement C9 and Plays a Role in Resistance to Complement-dependent Cytotoxicity (2014)

Mortalin/GRP75, the mitochondrial heat shock protein 70, plays a role in cell protection from complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). As shown here, interference with mortalin synthesis enhances sensitivity of K562 erythroleukemia cells to CDC, whereas overexpression of mortalin leads to their resistance to CDC. Quantification of the binding of the C5b-9 membrane attack complex to cells during complement activation shows an inverse correlation between C5b-9 deposition and the level of mortalin in the cell. Following transfection, mortalin-enhanced GFP (EGFP) is located primarily in mitochondria, whereas mortalinΔ51-EGFP lacking the mitochondrial targeting sequence is distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Overexpressed cytosolic mortalinΔ51-EGFP has a reduced protective capacity against CDC relative to mitochondrial mortalin-EGFP. Mortalin was previously shown by us to bind to components of the C5b-9 complex. Two functional domains of mortalin, the N-terminal ATPase domain and the C-terminal substrate-binding domain, were purified after expression in bacteria. Similar to intact mortalin, the ATPase domain, but not the substrate-binding domain, was found to bind to complement proteins C8 and C9 and to inhibit zinc-induced polymerization of C9. Binding of mortalin to complement C9 and C8 occurs through an ionic interaction that is nucleotide-sensitive. We suggest that to express its full protective effect from CDC, mortalin must first reach the mitochondria. In addition, mortalin can potentially target the C8 and C9 complement components through its ATPase domain and inhibit C5b-9 assembly and stability.
Eddy Current Measurement on a Noncircular Model Shell (1989)

Toroidal eddy current density is measured on a 1/7 model of the aluminum shell (vacuum vessel) of the R-tokamak in order to confirm experimentally the computation done by eddy current analysis computer code EDDYTOR 6. Parallel and perpendicular components of magnetic induction measured with four sets of magnetic probes near the internal and external surfaces of the model shell are expanded in Fourier series of the poloidal angle of the shell. The eddy current density is determined from the measured components based on Ampère's law. Acceptable agreement is found between measurement and computation.
Prospects for chemical coal cleaning (1983)

The United States has the largest total (364 billion metric tons) and recoverable (182 billion metric tons) coal reserves in the world. However, progressive coal utilization in this country has been hampered by environmental constraints, such as restrictions on sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate emissions. New technologies are being pursued both to appease these environmental concerns and improve economic performance and process efficiency. These technologies, however, have not reached the level of effectiveness required for optimum operation. If more stringent emission standards are imposed, it is likely that the coal industry, and the industrial and utility sectors will look increasingly toward the successful development of new and advanced coal cleaning technologies in order to continue and promote the use of coal in this country.
Identification and characterization of excreted/secreted products of <i>Trichuris trichiura</i> (1995)

This study provides the first description of the range and immunogenicity of proteins excreted and/or secreted by living T. trichiura adult worms following their recovery from the human large intestine. Metabolic labelling of T. trichiura excretory/secretory (ES) products with [35S]-methionine revealed a range of proteins with prominent components at 52-54 kDa, 35-45 kDa & 17 kDa. In contrast, the major component of unlabelled T. trichiura ES, somatic whole worm and isolated stichosome extracts, and of [35S]-methionine labelled somatic extracts, was present at approximately 47 kDa. Similarly, the major 43 kDa protein present in unlabelled T. muris ES, somatic worm extract and [35S]-methionine labelled somatic worm extract, was only weakly detected in labelled T. muris ES. Pulse chase experiments demonstrated that after 20 h, the 43 kDa was a prominent component of T. muris ES. These data suggest that the 43/47 kDa protein of Trichuris adult worms is not a major constituent of newly synthesized ES but is either synthesized at a slower rate than other proteins, or sequestered or stored, most likely in the stichocytes, before release. Immunoprecipitations using a range of sera from T. trichiura-infected individuals demonstrated that many of the ES components are immunogenic. Antibody responses were vigorous in children with intense infections and negligible in parasitologically negative children. There was marked heterogeneity in responses to a 17 kDa antigen, with the age profile of anti-17 kDa antibody levels reflecting age-dependent infection intensities at the population level.
Field demonstration of a multichannel fiber‐optic laser‐induced fluorescence system in a cone penetrometer vehicle (1997)

A laser-induced fluorescence system for in situ detection of soil contamination with cone penetrometer technology, capable of collecting three-dimensional fluorescence fingerprints (excitation–emission matrices, or EEMs) as the probe is advanced vertically, has been developed. In this report, we describe a recent field test at Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts, in which we demonstrated successful operation of the system. The system uses a pair of silica-clad-silica optical fibers for each of its channels (eight of which were used in the work described), one to deliver excitation light from the multiwavelength laser excitation source to the sample, and the other to conduct contaminant fluorescence to a grating spectrograph that utilizes a charge-coupled-device detector to record fluorescence intensity as a function of both excitation and emission wavelength. The matrix-formatted field data are displayed as three-dimensional fingerprints of contamination at given push locations and depths; they are also reduced in dimension by summing over one or both wavelength axes and plotting summed fluorescence versus depth to facilitate visualization of the approximate extent of the contaminant plume. Selected EEMs from each push location are examined for characteristic patterns and compared to standard EEMs of pure compounds and fuels. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 1: 343–355, 1997
Hardware neural network implementation of tracking system (2002)

A neural network (NN) filter/target-tracking system has been developed as reported in Pap et al. (1992). The design accepts and inputs signal data to a noise/target classifier which uses spectral estimation techniques to distinguish noise from real targets. In that design, the NN is used to calculate the coefficients of an auto regressive linear predictive filter. The current evolution of that design invokes the use of Lagrange multiplier methods to incorporate known characteristics of the noise vs. signal. A (linear) Hopfield NN is used to perform the constrained optimization to solve for the filter coefficients. This algorithm has been demonstrated on real stochastic data. The filter resulting from this process succeeds in reducing the noise, whose structure was learned by the NN. Not only did this approach reduce structured noise without target attenuation or the addition of a 'ghost' signal, but it also lowered the base level of the resultant signal significantly. The overall concept has been tested and validated using real data on a workstation and the hardware NN implementation has been validated. This concept has been tested on the AAC Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD) Neural Network Processor (NNP) hardware. Each processor runs at 140 million connections/sec with 8 K neurons. An expanded version of the system performs a total of a billion plus connections/sec. Unlike classical SIMD NN architectures, which are really general purpose array processors, this MIMD system architecture was custom designed for NN applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>