gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fault-tolerant computer system design (1996)

In the ten years since the publication of the first edition of this book, the field of fault-tolerant design has broadened in appeal, particularly with its emerging application in distributed computing. This new edition specifically deals with this dynamically changing computing environment, incorporating new topics such as fault-tolerance in multiprocessor and distributed systems.
Efficient Monte-Carlo thermal noise simulation for ΣΔ modulators (2002)

This paper presents an efficient Monte-Carlo noise simulation method of /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators in time domain. It can be used to simulate thermal noise, dithering and other noise effects. The simulation is at circuit level, where comparators, opamps, resistors, switches, capacitors and other linear elements are used as building blocks. This method has been implemented in SIMthermal, a simulator written in Fortran77. Three simulation examples are given.
Movement Prediction in Vehicular Networks (2015)

The fast and frequent movement of vehicles creates many challenges in vehicular networks, such as handling regular topological changes. Predicting a vehicle's future location by preemptively adjusting to changes caused by vehicle movements is a potential solution to many of these problems. However, reliably predicting vehicle movement remains an issue due to its stochastic nature. This paper proposes a prediction method that probabilistically analyzes the vehicle's current movement to determine the vehicle's future steps. This is accomplished by combining the Kalman filter and hidden Markov model to include both temporal and historical data, thus improving the prediction reliability by the consideration of more system variables. The proposed approach is tested and compared to other recent approaches through simulation using SUMO and NS-2. The results show a 50% prediction error reduction of the proposed approach in comparison to other methods.
The IBP Compound Dirichlet Process and its Application to Focused Topic Modeling (2010)

The hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) is a Bayesian nonparametric mixed membership model—each data point is modeled with a collection of components of different proportions. Though powerful, the HDP makes an assumption that the probability of a component being exhibited by a data point is positively correlated with its proportion within that data point. This might be an undesirable assumption. For example, in topic modeling, a topic (component) might be rare throughout the corpus but dominant within those documents (data points) where it occurs. We develop the IBP compound Dirichlet process (ICD), a Bayesian nonparametric prior that decouples across-data prevalence and within-data proportion in a mixed membership model. The ICD combines properties from the HDP and the Indian buffet process (IBP), a Bayesian nonparametric prior on binary matrices. The ICD assigns a subset of the shared mixture components to each data point. This subset, the data point’s “focus”, is determined independently from the amount that each of its components contribute. We develop an ICD mixture model for text, the focused topic model (FTM), and show superior performance over the HDP-based topic model.
Centralized collaborative compressed sensing of wideband spectrum for cognitive radios (2010)

This paper <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(1)</sup> presents a new centralized collaborative sensing technique for cognitive radio systems which combines algebraic tools and compressive sampling techniques. The proposed approach consists of the detection of spectrum holes using spectrum distribution discontinuities detector fed by compressed measurements. The compressed sensing algorithm is designed to take advantage from the primary signals sparsity and to keep the linearity and properties of the original signal in order to be able to apply algebraic detector on the compressed measurements. Collaboration among radios enables the cognitive network to detect hidden primary users and makes it more robust against fading and unknown channel conditions. Furthermore, as an important key point, collaboration makes it possible to sample more compressively at each radio, i.e., each radio performs sampling with a lower rate. The complexity of the proposed detector is also discussed and compared with the energy detector as reference algorithm. The comparison shows that the proposed technique outperforms energy detector in addition to its low complexity.
A comparison of dynamic- and static-strength models for prediction of lifting capacity (1985)

Abstract An experiment was designed and conducted for the development, testing and comparison of models for prediction of weight lifting capacity of individuals incorporating static and dynamic strengths. The dependent variable was the maximum acceptable amount of lift and the independent variables were static strengths, and dynamic strengths of the individual in a simulated lifting position and task variables—height and frequency of lift. Data from nine male subjects were used for analysis. It was concluded that both the dynamic and static models developed in this study can predict the maximum acceptable amount of lift with a reasonable degree of accuracy. However, a comparison of the models revealed that the use of the dynamic model with one operator variable resulted in less absolute error between the actual and predicted load than the static model. This study, which is based on data from a limited number of subjects, indicates that the dynamic approach may be superior to the static approach.
Effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound on human prostate cancer in vivo. (1995)

Transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) was recently established as a highly effective means of inducing contact and irradiation-free intraprostatic coagulative necrosis. This technique, therefore, appears potentially useful for treating localized prostate cancer (PC). To evaluate this issue, a total of 29 human prostates with localized cancer was subjected to HIFU treatment in vivo before radical retropubic prostatectomy. HIFU therapy was performed with the use of HIFU transducers with focal lengths of 3.0 cm (n = 3), 3.5 cm (n = 19), and 4.0 cm (n = 7), and the site intensity was varied from 1260 to 2000 W/cm2. The extent of intraprostatic necrosis was determined by planimetrical analysis of whole mount prostatic sections. Transrectal HIFU consistently induced sharply delineated intraprostatic coagulative necrosis within the target area, whereas alterations of perioprostatic structures were never observed. The cross-sectional area of necrosis increased from 1.1 +/- 0.7 cm2 (SD; n = 3; 3.0-cm focal length; 1428 W/cm2) to 1.2 +/- 0.7 cm2 (n = 2; 3.5-cm focal length; 1428 W/cm2), 1.8 +/- 0.17 cm2 (n = 8; 3.5-cm focal length; 1680 W/cm2), 2.8 +/- 0.32 cm2 (n = 9; 3.5-cm focal length; 2000 W/cm2) and 3.8 +/- 0.4 cm2 (n = 7; 4.0 cm focal length; 1260 W/cm2). HIFU beam transmission and the therapeutic effect were comparable in benign and malignant prostatic tissue. Interstitial thermometry (n = 6) revealed maximum intraprostatic temperatures in the focal zone up to 98.6 degrees C. Outside the focal zone and on the rectal wall, no significant temperature rises were noted. Subsequently, HIFU was applied to unilateral histologically proven T2a/T2b PC (n = 10) in an attempt to destroy all cancer before radical retropubic prostatectomy. PC was always correctly targeted. In 7 individuals, PC was partially (mean, 53%; range, 38-77%) destroyed; in the remaining 3 cases the entire tumor was ablated. Although these histological data permit no definitive conclusion on the clinical efficacy of this approach, transrectal HIFU seems to be an attractive novel minimally invasive treatment option for localized PC.
Optical beam deflection signal from a single microparticle (1990)

The optical beam deflection (OBD) method was applied to the measurement of a single microparticle, and the signal from one resin microparticle of 200–600 μm in diameter could be detected. Based on the frequency characteristics and size dependence of the OBD signal, this method was found to be more sensitive for a smaller particle, and more effective than the photoacoustic method. Theoretical considerations showed that these characteristics were attributable to the enhancement of the temperature field gradient due to the curvature of the microparticle.
Antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B. (1997)

An updated review of the antiviral agents currently available or under trial for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B is presented. There are two broad groups: (1) immunomodulators including interferon a (which also has a direct antiviral effect), thymosin a1 and Theradigm-HBV and (2) viral suppressors such as famciclovir and lamivudine. These agents are still in clinical trial worldwide, singly or in combination. Their long term efficacy in the treatment of hepatitis B remains to be evaluated.
Blind Room Acoustics Characterization Using Recurrent Neural Networks and Modulation Spectrum Dynamics (2016)

Reverberation affects perceived quality and intelligibility of speech signals, as well as the performance of automatic speech recognition systems. Having access to room acoustics characteristics of an environment may be used to improve speech processing systems, but such information is rarely available and in most cases has to be estimated blindly. Techniques based on the effects of reverberation on the modulation spectrum have been explored in the past, but they rely on its long-term average and do not use any information related to its temporal dynamics. In this paper, we aim to extract this information from the modulation spectrum time-series by using a deep recurrent neural network. We show the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art benchmark models as well as other test models using the same signal representation in the majority of examined conditions, even when moderate amounts of noise are added to the reverberant signals.
Antihypertensive effects of the flavonoid quercetin in spontaneously hypertensive rats (2001)

1. The effects of an oral daily dose (10 mg kg(-1)) of the flavonoid quercetin for 5 weeks in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were analysed. 2. Quercetin induced a significant reduction in systolic (-18%), diastolic (-23%) and mean (-21%) arterial blood pressure and heart rate (-12%) in SHR but not in WKY rats. 3. The left ventricular weight index and the kidney weight index in vehicle-treated SHR were significantly greater than in control WKY and these parameters were significantly reduced in quercetin-treated SHR in parallel with the reduction in systolic blood pressure. 4. Quercetin had no effect on the vasodilator responses to sodium nitroprusside or to the vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline or KCl but enhanced the endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (E(max)=58+/-5% vs 78+/-5%, P<0.01) in isolated aortae. 5. The 24 h urinary isoprostane F(2 alpha) excretion and the plasma malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels in SHR rats were increased as compared to WKY rats. However, in quercetin-treated SHR rats both parameters were similar to those of vehicle-treated WKY. 6. These data demonstrate that quercetin reduces the elevated blood pressure, the cardiac and renal hypertrophy and the functional vascular changes in SHR rats without effect on WKY. These effects were associated with a reduced oxidant status due to the antioxidant properties of the drug.
Hypoxia Inducible Factor‐1<i>α</i> Regulates the Migration of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Integrin <i>α</i><sub>4</sub> (2016)

Although hypoxic environments have been known to regulate the migratory ability of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), which is a critical factor for maximizing the therapeutic effect, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to confirm the effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) on the migration of BM-MSCs and to analyze the interaction between HIF-1α and integrin-mediated signals. Hypoxia-activated HIF-1α significantly increased BM-MSC migration. The expression of integrin α 4 was decreased in BM-MSCs by increased HIF-1α under hypoxia, whereas the expression of Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1) and Rac1/2/3 was increased. After downregulation of HIF-1α by YC-1, which is an inhibitor of HIF-1α, BM-MSC migration was decreased via upregulation of integrin α 4 and downregulation of ROCK1 and Rac1/2/3. Knockdown of integrin α 4 by integrin α 4 siRNA (siITGA4) treatment increased BM-MSC migration by upregulation of ROCK1, Rac1/2/3, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 regardless of oxygen tension. Moreover, siITGA4 treatment increased HIF-1α expression and augmented the translocation of HIF-1α into the nucleus under hypoxia. Taken together, the alternative expression of HIF-1α induced by microenvironment factors, such as hypoxia and integrin α 4, may regulate the migration of BM-MSCs. These findings may provide insights to the underlying mechanisms of BM-MSC migration for successful stem cell-based therapy.
Development of V6 Miller Cycle Gasoline Engine (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A gasoline engine with an entirely new combustion cycle deriving from Miller Cycle is developed. By delaying closing timing of intake valve and with new Lysholm Compressor which provides higher boost pressure, engine knocking is avoided while high compression ratio is maintained and approximately 1.5 times larger toque than that of a naturally aspirated(NA) engine of the same displacement is realized. This V6 Miller Cycle gasoline engine can be the alternative to a larger displacement NA engine because of its equivalent torque performance and its lower fuel consumption by the effect of smaller displacement.</div>
1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of N-Benzyl Furfuryl Nitrones with Electron-rich Alkenes (2000)

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of N-benzyl-C-(2-furyl)nitrones with electron-rich alkenes gives preferentially trans-substituted 3,5-disubstituted isoxazolidines (endo approach). These experimental results are in good qualitative agreement with the predicted ones by semiempirical (AM1 and PM3) and ab initio (HF/3-21G) methods.
Biologically active antibodies elicited by a synthetic circumsporozoite peptide of Plasmodium knowlesi administered in saline with a muramyl dipeptide derivative (1985)

A synthetic peptide whose sequence was derived from the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium knowlesi coupled to bovine gamma globulin has been shown to be immunogenic when administered with Freund complete adjuvant. The present experiments were designed to test the immunogenicity of the peptide when attached to a tetanus toxoid carrier and administered with alum or murabutide, both acceptable clinical adjuvants. In both cases, the use of an adjuvant increased the levels of circulating anti-peptide antibodies over those observed when no adjuvant was used. However, when the antisera were tested for reactivity with the native protein, animals of the group receiving the conjugate associated with murabutide always had titers greatly exceeding those observed in animals that received the conjugate with alum. Moreover, the sera of the murabutide-treated group were shown to be more active in eliciting shedding of the circumsporozoite protein than were sera of animals of the Freund complete adjuvant-treated group. The use of tetanus toxoid in secondary immunizations could be eliminated when the mice primed with peptide-tetanus toxoid and murabutide were boosted with a polymer of the peptide. The results indicate that the synthetic malarial peptide-tetanus toxoid conjugate is capable of stimulating high levels of biologically active antibodies only when administered with murabutide.
A passenger flow statistic algorithm based on machine learning (2017)

For the bad accuracy and high costs of the transit passenger traffic statistics, we propose a machine vision-based algorithm. As the body parts of the human often occur overlap in congested conditions, the algorithm in this study uses the overhead image of the passengers as the statistic targets. The Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) combined with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is adopted in this study. Compared with the traditional methods, the accuracy and the speed of the detection stage have been greatly improved. The algorithm can be divided into three steps: the target detection, target tracking and statistics. Based on the machine learning methods, it first extracts the head HOG feature, and then uses the SVM algorithm to train feature sets to get a classifier based on passenger heads. We choose the Camshift as the tracking algorithm. In order to improve the correct trajectory, it must be fuse the target detection and the target tracking. Through the rules of the passengers to alight, we can get the number of passengers automatically.
Gate-first Germanium nMOSFET with CVD HfO/sub 2/ gate dielectric and silicon surface passivation (2006)

A gate-first self-aligned Ge n-channel MOSFET (nMOSFET) with chemical vapor deposited (CVD) high-/spl kappa/ gate dielectric HfO/sub 2/ was demonstrated. By tuning the thickness of the ultrathin silicon-passivation layer on top of the germanium, it is found that increasing the silicon thickness helps to reduce the hysteresis, fixed charge in the gate dielectric, and interface trap density at the oxide/semiconductor interface. About 61% improvement in peak electron mobility of the Ge nMOSFET with a thick silicon-passivation layer over the CVD HfO/sub 2//Si system was achieved.
Imidazopyridines (1989)

The role of structural features of sulmazole, an imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine, in its inotropic action was examined by comparison with its reduced (4-methylthiophenyl) analog EMD 46512 and the corresponding imidazo(4,5-c)pyridine isomers isomazole and EMD 41000 on isolated guinea-pig papillary muscles and right atria and on Na,K-ATPase and phosphodiesterase III isolated from guinea-pig hearts. The pyridine nitrogen position in sulmazole was crucial for affinity to Na,K-ATPase (IC50 = 350 microM) because the imidazo(4,5-c)pyridines had little effect. Participation of Na,K-ATPase inhibition in sulmazole's inotropic effect (EC50 = 180 microM) was suggested by synergism with the Na channel activator germitrine. The methylsulfinyl oxygen at the phenyl ring decreased the affinity to Na,K-ATPase of sulmazole 40-fold: The reduced analog EMD 46512 was a potent inhibitor of Na,K-ATPase (IC50 = 8.5 microM) and a more potent inotropic agent (EC50 = 8.2 microM) that appeared to act predominantly through Na,K-ATPase inhibition. Micromolar through Na,K-ATPase inhibition. Micromolar IC50s for inhibition of phosphodiesterase III were 49 (sulmazole), 34 (EMD 46512), 18 (isomazole), and 13 (EMD 41000). Participation of this mechanism in the inotropic effect of sulmazole, isomazole, and EMD 41000, but not EMD 46512, was indicated by augmentation of slow action potentials, synergism with histamine, inhibition by carbachol, and (with the exception of EMD 41000) a positive chronotropic effect on the right atrium. Sulmazole appeared to combine the actions of its 4-methylthiophenyl analog EMD 46512 (an inhibitor of Na,K-ATPase) and of its imidazo(4,5-c)pyridine isomer isomazole (an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase III).
Uptake of [<sup>3</sup>H]Progesterone and [<sup>3</sup>H]5α-Dihydroprogesterone by Rat Tissues in Vivo and Analysis of Accumulated Radioactivity: Accumulation of 5α-Dihydroprogesterone by Pituitary and Hypothalamic Tissues (1976)

These in vivo studies explored the possibility that the metabolism of progesterone to 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone (5alpha-DHP) and 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in hypothalamus and pituitary may influence gonadotropin release. [3H]progesterone or [3H]5alpha-DHP was injected iv into ovariectomized or ovariectomized-adrenalectomized rats for 10 0r 30 min. 3H content was determined for plasma, anterior pituitary, medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), cerebral cortex, muscle and uterus. Isotopic dilution analyses of the accumulated 3H were made for progesterone, 5alpha-DHP, 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one, 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone, 20alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-3-one, and 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha, 20alpha-diol on samples from the 10 min groups. With progesterone injections, most of the tissue 3H was distributed among progesterone, 5alpha-DHP, and 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one. Progesterone was the predominant 3H-steroid in uterus, MBH, cerebral cortex and muscle. [3H]5alpha-DHP was the other major 3H-steroid in MBH and the predominant one in pituitary. In terms of tissue/plasma concentration comparisons, no tissue concentration of [3H]progesterone was greater than that in plasma except for MBH in the ovariectomized-adrenalectomized group. In contrast, [3H]5alpha-DHP levels in pituitary, MBH and cerebral cortex were many fold greater than those in plasma and muscle. MBH and pituitary levels were significantly greater than that in cerebral cortex. With 5alpha-DHP injections, most tissue 3H was associated with 5alpha-DHP and/or 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one. No [3H]progesterone was detected. [3H]5alpha-DHP predominated in pituitary and MBH, while 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one predominated in the others. In terms of tissue and plasma concentration comparisons, MBH, pituitary and cerebral cortical concentrations of [3H]5alpha-DHP were markedly higher than plasma, muscle, and uterine levels. Pituitary and MBH concentrations were also greater than that in cerebral cortex. Tissue levels of [3H]3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one were not significantly greater than that in plasma. Thus, 10 min after injection of either [3H]progesterone or [3H]5alpha-DHP, high and significant amounts of 5alpha-DHP are accumulated in pituitary and hypothalamus, but not in uterus, which suggests that its presence may be functionally important in governing progesterone-sensitive processes in these feedback tissues.