gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability of iron in oral ferrous sulfate preparations in healthy volunteers. (1989)

The bioavailability of iron in five ferrous sulfate preparations was studied in 10 healthy male volunteers. The preparations were an oral solution, two types of film-coated tablets and two types of enteric-coated tablets. Blood samples were drawn hourly from 8 am to 6 pm on the day before each study day to assess baseline serum iron concentrations and on the study day. Spectrophotometry was used to measure the serum iron concentrations. The area under the curve (AUC), the maximum concentration and the time to achieve the maximum concentration were compared by analysis of variance. The enteric-coated preparations resulted in AUCs less than 30% of the AUC for the oral solution. The two film-coated products produced AUCs essentially equivalent to that of the oral solution. We conclude that the bioavailability of iron in the enteric-coated preparations was low, relative to that of the film-coated products and the oral solution, and that these products should not be considered interchangeable.
Improvement of automatic hemorrhage detection methods using brightness correction on fundus images (2008)

We have been developing several automated methods for detecting abnormalities in fundus images. The purpose of this study is to improve our automated hemorrhage detection method to help diagnose diabetic retinopathy. We propose a new method for preprocessing and false positive elimination in the present study. The brightness of the fundus image was changed by the nonlinear curve with brightness values of the hue saturation value (HSV) space. In order to emphasize brown regions, gamma correction was performed on each red, green, and blue-bit image. Subsequently, the histograms of each red, blue, and blue-bit image were extended. After that, the hemorrhage candidates were detected. The brown regions indicated hemorrhages and blood vessels and their candidates were detected using density analysis. We removed the large candidates such as blood vessels. Finally, false positives were removed by using a 45-feature analysis. To evaluate the new method for the detection of hemorrhages, we examined 125 fundus images, including 35 images with hemorrhages and 90 normal images. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of abnormal cases was were 80% and 88%, respectively. These results indicate that the new method may effectively improve the performance of our computer-aided diagnosis system for hemorrhages.
An Autonomous Robot Framework for Path Finding and Obstacle Evasion (2012)

Abstract — The modern growth of computer and its related hardware is consequence of the invention of the transistor. The advent of transistor principally revolutionized the hardware engineering by reducing the hardware size and increasing the efficiency. Now, we are swarmed in with the influx of sophisticated computer gadgets and communication devices, combining ingenious ideas and state of the art designs. When the history of world would be written surely out contemporary age would be called the age of science and technology. The marvels of science and technology has not only bewildered human minds but also brought convenience and quality to human life. Our project is continuation of this tradition of science. We have endeavored to design an autonomous path tracker vehicle. It has limitless possibilities of usage and it would certainly become a future workhorse. It can be used to detect the theft vehicles. Autonomous robot for path finding and obstacle evasion is a vehicle, which follows the path in two different ways, which are: i) Line Follower – It is a vehicle, which is used to follow the reflecting line drawn on the floor. It captures line position with IR sensors. The sensors will be mounted at front end of the robot, ii) Obstacle Handling – When an obstacle is appeared on the following line we will detect through a sensor.
METABOLISM OF BRAIN SPHINGOMYELINS: HALF‐LIVES OF SPHINGOSINE, FATTY ACIDS AND PHOSPHATE FROM TWO TYPES OF RAT BRAIN SPHINGOMYELIN (1976)

Abstract— The metabolism of rat brain sphingomyelins containing short‐chain (C 16 ‐C 18 ) and long‐chain (C 20 ‐ C 24 ) fatty acids has been studied by determination of the content of radioactivity in the sphingo‐sinc. fatty acids and phosphate of the sphingomyelins over a period of 60 days following the intracisternal injection of [ 14 C]acetate and [ 32 P]phosphate. From the rate of decrease of the specific radioactivities of the different constituents of short‐chain fatty acid sphingomyelins, we have calculated a half‐life of 65 days for sphingosine. 41 days for fatty acids and 62 days for phosphate. For the long‐chain fatty acid sphingomyelins the half‐life of sphingosine was approximately 465 days. The fatty acids and phosphate from these sphingomyelins had fast and slow turnover pools. The half‐life for the fast pool was 7 days for the two constituents and the estimated half‐lives for the slow pool were 220 days for fatty acids and 480 days for phosphate. These results suggest that one can distinguish at least three metabolic pools of brain sphingomyelins: (a) sphingomyelins with long‐chain fatty acids situated in myelin whose half‐lives are 465 days for sphingosine, 220 days for fatty acids and 480 days for phosphate; (b) sphingomyelins with long‐chain fatty acids located mainly in non‐myelin structures having half‐lives of 465 days for sphingosine. 7 days for fatty acids and 7 days for phosphate; (c) sphingomyeiins with short‐chain fatty acids with half‐lives of 65 days for sphingosine. 41 days for fatty acids and 62 days for phosphate. The differences between the half‐lives of the three metabolic pools of sphingomyelin, together with the subcellular localizations of the two molecular species of these compounds, suggest that the metabolism of the different molecular species of sphingomyelin are independent and that in various subcellular fractions the long‐chain fatty acid and short‐chain fatty acid sphingomyelins have different turnover rates.
Nanoparticle-Mediated Trapping of Wnt Family Member 5A in Tumor Microenvironments Enhances Immunotherapy for B-Raf Proto-Oncogene Mutant Melanoma (2018)

Development of an effective treatment against advanced tumors remains a major challenge for cancer immunotherapy. Approximately 50% of human melanoma is driven by B-Raf proto-oncogene mutation (BRAF mutant). Tumors with such mutation are desmoplastic, highly immunosuppressive, and often resistant to immune checkpoint therapies. We have shown that immunotherapy mediated by low-dose doxorubicin-induced immunogenic cell death was only partially effective for this type of tumor and not effective in long-term inhibition of tumor progression. Wnt family member 5A (Wnt5a), a signaling protein highly produced by BRAF mutant melanoma cells, has been implicated in inducing dendritic cell tolerance and tumor fibrosis, thus hindering effective antigen presentation and T-cell infiltration. We hypothesized that Wnt5a is a key molecule controlling the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in metastatic melanoma. Accordingly, we have designed and generated a trimeric trap protein, containing the extracellular domain of Fizzled 7 receptor that binds Wnt5a with a K<sub>d</sub> ∼ 278 nM. Plasmid DNA encoding for the Wnt5a trap was delivered to the tumor by using cationic lipid-protamine-DNA nanoparticles. Expression of Wnt5a trap in the tumor, although transient, was greater than that of any other major organs including liver, resulting in a significant reduction of the Wnt5a level in the tumor microenvironment without systematic toxicity. Significantly, combination of Wnt5a trapping and low-dose doxorubicin showed great tumor growth inhibition and host survival prolongation. Our findings indicated that efficient local Wnt5a trapping significantly remodeled the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to facilitate immunogenic cell-death-mediated immunotherapy.
NOS Inhibitor Antagonism of PGE<sub>2</sub>-Induced Mechanical Sensitization of Cutaneous C-Fiber Nociceptors in the Rat (1999)

Prostaglandins, metabolites of arachidonic acid, released during tissue injury and inflammation sensitize primary afferent nociceptors. While it has been suggested that this effect on nociceptors is mediated mainly via the cAMP second messenger system, recent evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) is also involved in peripheral pain mechanisms. To test the hypothesis that NO contributes to the sensitization of nociceptors to mechanical stimuli induced by hyperalgesic prostaglandins, we compared von Frey hair mechanical threshold as well as the response evoked by 10-s sustained threshold mechanical stimulation before and after injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) alone, and NOS inhibitor NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA) or its inactive stereoisomer NG-methyl-D-arginine (D-NMA) plus PGE2, adjacent to the receptive field of C-fiber nociceptors. The reduction of mechanical threshold and increase in number of action potentials to sustained mechanical stimulation induced by intradermal application of PGE2 was blocked by L-NMA, but not D-NMA. It is suggested that NO contributes to nociceptor sensitization induced by hyperalgesic prostaglandins.
Thatcherism, populist authoritarianism and the search for a new left political strategy (1986)

A number of writers from the Left, particularly associated with Marxism Today, have suggested that there has been a shift to more right-wing policies and authoritarian and populist forms of government in advanced capitalist countries and that these can be seen as a response to the current world economic crisis. Fiona Atkins suggests that explanations of the shift towards more authoritarian government must take account of recent changes in economic structures and class relations. In particular she argues that it is necessary to recognise the implications of the increasing internationalisation of capital. By referring to third world examples, the author identifies a number of forms of authoritarian regime. The broader frame of reference indicates that a degree of eurocentrism has limited the understanding of authoritarianism in the current British debate.
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for the Hexamethyldisiloxane-r- Propyl Alcohol System. (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor-Liquid Equilibrium for the Hexamethyldisiloxane-r- Propyl Alcohol System.C. A. Killgore, W. W. Chew, and Virgil OrrCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1966, 11, 4, 535–537Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60031a018https://doi.org/10.1021/je60031a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An 11 bit, 50 kSample/s CMOS A/D converter cell using a multislope integration technique (1989)

An 11-bit, audio-speed analog-to-digital (A/D) converter for echo cancellation applications, which appears to consume the smallest chip area of any comparable converter, has been developed. It digitizes an analog input using the multislope integration technique, and requires one external capacitor. The DC and dynamic performance of the A/D converter were measured. The measured error plot indicates an integral nonlinearity of ±2 LSB (least significant bit) at 12 bits with no missing codes. A differential nonlinearity of ±0.5 LSB at 12 bits was measured using a statistical method. An S/N (signal-to-noise) versus input level measurement, obtained from the spectrum of the digitized output, indicates the effective dynamic linearity of the converter to be between 10 and 11 bits. The bandwidth is set by the sample-and-hold circuit
Developmental and morphological regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in<i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> (2001)

Essentially all macromolecular communication between Trypanosoma brucei and its host is confined to vesicular trafficking events occurring at or around the flagellar pocket. The vertebrate stage bloodstream form trypomastigote exhibits an extremely high rate of endocytosis required for nutrient uptake and probably also evasion of the host immune system. However, the rate of endocytosis is very low in the procyclic vector parasite, indicating that endocytosis is subject to a marked level of developmental regulation. Previous ultrastructural studies and crude biochemical fractionations have indicated the presence of coated pits and vesicles that are analogous to clathrin coats in the bloodstream form, but not in the procyclic. However, a definitive description of the components of this coat and its molecular function in T. brucei has remained elusive. We describe the molecular cloning and initial characterisation of components of the T. brucei endocytic coats: clathrin heavy chain (TbCLH) and a beta-adaptin (TbAPbeta1). TbCLH is markedly upregulated in the bloodstream form compared with the procyclic, whereas TbAPbeta1 is subject to more limited developmental regulation. We generated antisera against both proteins and show that the clathrin coat is tightly associated with the flagellar pocket in both major life stages. However, in bloodstream parasites TbCLH is also extensively distributed throughout the posterior end of the cell on numerous large vesicular and tubular structures. By cryo-immuno EM, clathrin is localised to collecting tubules at the flagellar pocket and is also associated with the trans-Golgi network. These EM data confirm that the electron dense coats reported on trypanosome vesicles and tubules contain clathrin. The TbAPbeta1 exhibits an atypical distribution relative to previously characterised adaptins, associating not only with the trans-Golgi but also with other tubular-vesicular elements. Localisation of TbAPbeta1 is also subject to developmental regulation. These data describe major endocytic coat proteins in T. brucei for the first time, and indicate stage-specific expression of the clathrin heavy chain. Modulation of clathrin expression is likely to be an important factor in the developmental regulation of endocytosis and recycling in the African trypanosome.
Vanin 1: Its Physiological Function and Role in Diseases (2019)

The enzyme vascular non-inflammatory molecule-1 (vanin 1) is highly expressed at gene and protein level in many organs, such as the liver, intestine, and kidney. Its major function is related to its pantetheinase activity; vanin 1 breaks down pantetheine in cysteamine and pantothenic acid, a precursor of coenzyme A. Indeed, its physiological role seems strictly related to coenzyme A metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy production. In recent years, many studies have elucidated the role of vanin 1 under physiological conditions in relation to oxidative stress and inflammation. Vanin's enzymatic activity was found to be of key importance in certain diseases, either for its protective effect or as a sensitizer, depending on the diseased organ. In this review, we discuss the role of vanin 1 in the liver, kidney, intestine, and lung under physiological as well as pathophysiological conditions. Thus, we provide a more complete understanding and overview of its complex function and contribution to some specific pathologies.
An optical fibre dynamic instrumented palpation sensor for the characterisation of biological tissue (2015)

The diagnosis of prostate cancer using invasive techniques (such as biopsy and blood tests for prostate-specific antigen) and non-invasive techniques (such as digital rectal examination and trans-rectal ultrasonography) may be enhanced by using an additional dynamic instrumented palpation approach to prostate tissue classification. A dynamically actuated membrane sensor/actuator has been developed that incorporates an optical fibre Fabry–Pérot interferometer to record the displacement of the membrane when it is pressed on to different tissue samples. The membrane sensor was tested on a silicon elastomer prostate model with enlarged and stiffer material on one side to simulate early stage prostate cancer. The interferometer measurement was found to have high dynamic range and accuracy, with a minimum displacement resolution of ±0.4 μm over a 721 μm measurement range. The dynamic response of the membrane sensor when applied to different tissue types changed depending on the stiffness of the tissue being measured. This demonstrates the feasibility of an optically tracked dynamic palpation technique for classifying tissue type based on the dynamic response of the sensor/actuator.
7.1: <i>Invited Paper:</i> Application of Backlit AMLCDS to Avionics (1998)

Abstract The ultimate glass cockpit technology has arrived—AMLCDs with improved backlights. Initial expectations for weight, power and volume savings are being realized, as are major advantages of cost, reliability and visual performance that exceed that of CRTs. The unique ability to reflect as well as transmit a colored image makes AMLCDS superior to all other technologies. New fluorescent backlight designs with high luminance and dimmability are the key to adapting AMLCDS to the aviation environment. The major impact of AMLCDS is on system architecture. Panel sources and standardization is still a problem compounded by low‐volume consumption by the aviation industry.
자연과학편 : 성인 남녀의 에너지소비량 추정을 위한 신개발 운동량 모니터계의 타당도 검증 (2011)

본 연구의 목적은 기존의 가속도계에 비하여 실용성을 강조하여 최근 국내 기술로 새롭게 개발된 운동량 모니터계의 타당도를 검증하는 것이다. 연구대상자인 47명의 대학생(남자 24명과 여자 23명)이 타당도가 높은 것으로 알려진 호흡가스분석기의 일종인 Vmax229와 연결하고, Lifecorder와 운동량 모니터계를 착용한 상태로 트레드밀에서 저강도(4.8 km/hr), 중강도(6.4 km/hr), 그리고 고강도(9.7 km/hr)로 각각 6분간 운동을 실시하였다. 세 측정장비로 측정한 에너지소비량을 남녀로 구분하여 비교·분석하였다. 1) 남자의 경우 6.4 km/hr에서 운동량 모니터계, 9.7 km/hr에서 Lifecorder, 여자의 경우 4.8 km/hr에서 운동량 모니터계와 Lifecorder가 Vmax229보다 낮게 나타났으며, 전체의 경우 Vmax229와 비교하여 볼 때 4.8 km/hr에서 운동량 모니터계는 낮게, Lifecorder는 높게, 그리고 6.4 km/hr에서는 운동량 모니터계에서 낮게 나타났다. 2) 운동강도별로 분석한 결과 세 가지 측정장비로 얻은 에너지소비량 간에 유의한 정적 상관관계가 나타났으며, 전체 강도를 포함하여 분석한 결과 역시 세 측정장비의 에너지소비량 간에 유의한 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 특히, 신개발 운동량 모니터계가 Lifecorder에 비하여 Vmax229와 더 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 결론적으로, 운동량 모니터계의 타당도가 확보되었으며, 향후 보다 다양한 운동유형과 강도를 적용하여 보다 넓은 연령층을 대상으로 그 타당도를 검증하는 연구가 요청된다.
Improving access to modern African sources at the National Archives of the United Kingdom (2003)

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Cast iron technology (1988)

An introduction to cast iron liquid metal preparation solidification of cast irons solid state transformations some founding considerations microstructural features of cast iron.
A Simple Area-Efficient Ripple-Rejection Technique for Chopped Biosignal Amplifiers (2015)

Chopping is an effective way to mitigate transistor flicker noise in biosignal amplifiers. However, chopping creates a ripple at the output of the amplifier, which is due to the upmodulated amplifier offset and flicker noise. Many techniques have been suggested in the literature to reduce these ripples. This brief presents a ripple-reduction technique that is far simpler than previous techniques, yet effective and area efficient while consuming no additional power. Simulations using a 65-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process show that the output ripples are attenuated by 78 dB, whereas all other performance parameters of the amplifier remain unchanged.
Radical‐initiated copolymers of styrene and <i>p</i>‐formylstyrene, 1. Solution copolymerization and characterization (1992)

Abstract Kinetics of solution homopolymerization of p ‐formylstyrene System name: 4‐vinylbenzaldehyde. (A) and copolymerization with styrene (S) have been examined at 60°C in N , N ‐dimethylformamide with 2,2′‐azoisobutyronitrile as initiator. For p ‐formylstyrene, k p / k = 0,135 L 1/2 · mol −1/2 · s −1/2 was estimated from the plot of monomer consumption versus time, i.e. a value greater than that for styrene ( K p and K t are the rate constants of propagation and termination and termination, respectively). Reactivity ratios have been determined to be r A = 3,0 and r S = 0.2, indicating the reactivity of p ‐formylstyrene to be higher than that of styrene. Moreover, from initial copolymerization rates, the cross termination factor was calculated and found to depend upon the copolymer composition. Some solution properties of the homo‐ and copolymers have been analysed: solubility of (co)polymers, their molecular weight and its distribution (by gel permeation chromatography), and their composition and monomer sequence distribution (using 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy).
A Novel Intron Element Operates Posttranscriptionally To Regulate Human N-<i>myc</i> Expression (1999)

Precisely regulated expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is essential for normal development, and deregulated expression can lead to cancer. The human N-myc gene normally is expressed in only a subset of fetal epithelial tissues, and its expression is extinguished in all adult tissues except transiently in pre-B lymphocytes. The N-myc gene is overexpressed due to genomic amplification in the childhood tumor neuroblastoma. In previous work to investigate mechanisms of regulation of human N-myc gene expression, we observed that N-myc promoter-chloramphemicol acelyltransferase reporter constructs containing sequences 5' to exon 1 were active in all cell types examined, regardless of whether endogenous N-myc RNA was detected. In contrast, inclusion of the first exon and a portion of the first intron allowed expression only in those cell types with detectable endogenous N-myc transcripts. We investigated further the mechanisms by which this tissue-specific control of N-myc expression is achieved. Using nuclear run-on analyses, we determined that the N-myc gene is actively transcribed in all cell types examined, indicating a posttranscriptional mode of regulation. Using a series of N-myc intron 1 deletion constructs, we localized a 116-bp element (tissue-specific element [TSE]) within the first intron that directs tissue-specific N-myc expression. The TSE can function independently to regulate expression of a heterologous promoter-reporter minigene in a cell-specific pattern that mirrors the expression pattern of the endogenous N-myc gene. Surprisingly, the TSE can function in both sense and antisense orientations to regulate gene expression. Our data indicate that the human N-myc TSE functions through a posttranscriptional mechanism to regulate N-myc expression.