gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological Briefs (1949)

Other| February 01 1949 Biological Briefs Ted F. Andrews Ted F. Andrews Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1949) 11 (2): 53–54. https://doi.org/10.2307/4438018 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ted F. Andrews; Biological Briefs. The American Biology Teacher 1 February 1949; 11 (2): 53–54. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4438018 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Contamination of Indoor Airwith Mineral Fibres (1992)

Many buildings contain mineral fibres used as structural elements or as insulation. The aging of these products and their disturbance or removal can cause the liberation of fibres into the indoor air. The health effects of these materials continues to be a subject of considerable concern, which together with the cost and disruption involved in asbestos removal causes particular problems. The fibres used in buildings are described with an emphasis on the newer manmade fibres. These are used mainly as insulation wools and do not become readily airborne. The relevance of these results to human risk assessment is discussed.
Spoken words as biomarkers: using machine learning to gain insight into communication as a predictor of anxiety (2020)

Verbal communication can provide a platform for machine learning tools to highlight and predict behavioral health indicators and trends.
Gelatin Blends with Alginate: Gels for Lipase Immobilization and Purification (2003)

Blends of natural polysaccharide sodium alginate (5%) with gelatin (3%) cross-linked with glutaraldehyde provide beads with excellent compressive strength (8 x 10(4) Pa) and regular structure on treatment with calcium chloride. Lipases from porcine pancreas, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Candida rugosa were immobilized in such a blend with excellent efficiency. The immobilized enzymes were stable and were reused several times without significant loss of enzyme activity both in aqueous and reverse micellar media. The beads were functionalized with succinic anhydride to obtain beads with extra carboxylic acid groups. These functionalized beads were then successfully used for 7.4-fold purification of crude porcine pancreatic lipase in a simple operation of protein binding at pH 5 and release at pH 8.5.
Estrogen level alters the failure load of the rabbit anterior cruciate ligament (1999)

We hypothesized that increasing the level of circulating serum estrogen would decrease the load at failure for the rabbit anterior cruciate ligament. We developed an animal model in which hormonal manipulations could be correlated with load at failure for the anterior cruciate ligament. Sixteen New Zealand White ovariectomized rabbits were matched and divided into two groups. The eight rabbits that were not treated with the estrogen supplement (Group O) and the eight that were treated with the supplement (Group E) were housed for 30 days. Serum estrogen levels were measured. The knees were stripped of all soft tissue, and the load at failure for the anterior cruciate ligament was measured in a materials testing machine with a displacement rate of 0.5 mm/sec. The load at failure for all 16 specimens in Group E (446 +/- 54 N) (mean +/- SD) was significantly reduced (p = 0.02) compared with that for the nine specimens in Group O (503 +/- 48 N). It is recognized that an increased number of anterior cruciate ligament injuries occurs in female athletes. Although the mechanism responsible for failure of the anterior cruciate ligament in women is yet to be defined, this experiment suggests that estrogen may alter ligament strength.
Inability of<i>Lactobacillus casei</i>Strain GG,<i>L. acidophilus</i>, and<i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i>to Degrade Intestinal Mucus Glycoproteins (1995)

The tested strains do not break down intestinal mucus glycoproteins and thus far are safe to use for therapy.
Structures of Five Mutants of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 with Reduced Biological Activity<sup>,</sup> (1998)

The three-dimensional structures of five mutants of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) have been determined. These mutations are in the long central alpha helix and are useful in mapping portions of TSST-1 involved in superantigenicity and lethality. The T128A, H135A, Q139K, and I140T mutations appear to reduce superantigenicity by altering the properties of the T-cell receptor interaction surface. The Q136A mutation is at a largely buried site and causes a dramatic change in the conformation of the beta7-beta9 loop which covers the back of the central alpha helix. As this mutation has the unique ability to reduce the toxin's lethality in rabbits while retaining its superantigenicity, it raises the possibility that this rear loop mediates the ability of TSST-1 to induce lethality and suggests a route for producing nonlethal toxins for therapeutic development.
Image preprocessor of model-based vision system for assembly robots (2005)

A special purpose image preprocessor for the visual system of assembly robots has been developed. The main function unit is composed of look-up tables to utilize the advantage of semiconductor memory for large scale integration, high speed and low price. More than one units may be operated in parallel since it is designed on the standard IEEE 796 bus. The operation time of the preprocessor in line segment extraction is usually 200 ms per 500 segments, though it differs according to the complexity of scene image. The gray-scale visual system supported by the model-based analysis program using the extracted line segments recognizes partially visible or overlapping industrial workpieces, and detects these locations and orientations. In recognition test using plastic workpieces, the recognition time was about 9 seconds for five pieces. In most of conventional model-based vision systems, the feature extraction time was extremely longer than that of the model-based analysis. The image preprocessor we have developed reduces the time ratio of feature extraction and model-based analysis to about 1/10.
An Effective Background Subtraction Method Based on Pixel Change Classification (2010)

Background subtraction is an effective way which is commonly used in intelligent monitoring system for extraction of moving objects. However, the key step of background subtraction need for a precise and time-varying background model. In this paper, we describe an improved background model with its updating method, and apply to a computer vision-based motion detection system able to detect moving objects in real-time. Our system first establishes an background based on Gaussian model; second computes the set of statistical parameters of background model according to the way pixel changes; and then extracts moving objects using the updated background model. Finally experimental results and a performance measure establishing the confidence of the method are presented.
Step & flash imprint lithography (2005)

The escalating cost of next generation lithography (NGL) is driven in part by the need for complex sources and optics. The cost for a single NGL tool could soon exceed $50 million, a prohibitive amount for many companies. As a result, several research groups are looking at alternative, low-cost methods for printing sub-100 nm features. Many of these methods are limited in their ability to do precise overlay. In 1999, Willson and Sreenivasan developed step and flash imprint lithography (S-FIL™). The use of a quartz template opens up the potential for optical alignment of the wafer and template. This paper reviews several key aspects of the S-FIL process, including template, tool, ultraviolet (UV)-curable monomer, and pattern transfer. Two applications are also presented: contact holes and surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters.
Genetic polymorphism within HLA‐A*02: significant allelic variation revealed in different populations (1995)

HLA-A2 is present at high frequency in most populations, as identified by serological and biochemical means. The value of these methods is limited by their failure to discriminate between the products of the 14 known allelic HLA-A*02 variants. The great majority of genetic polymorphism which defines the allelic variants is found in exons 2 and 3 of the A*02 genes. These exons encode the alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains of the HLA Class I molecules, and variation within the genes may influence the peptide binding specificity of the gene products of each allele. Failure to accurately assign the allelic types has implications in transplantation, in interpretation of cellular assays and in the understanding of HLA disease associations. We have developed a method for determining the 14 known alleles of HLA-A*02 by use of ARMS-PCR to determine the degree of variation of HLA-A*02 alleles in 3 different population groups. Considerable variation was found in the relative frequencies of particular A*02 alleles between Caucasian, oriental and black individuals. Our results indicate the importance of ethnic origin in terms of the expected HLA-A*02 allelic profile, and emphasize the functional significance of allele specific subtyping of HLA-A*02.
Disease Induction by Virus Derived from Molecular Clones of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (1998)

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a macrophage-tropic lentivirus, causes persistent infections of horses. A number of biologic features, including the rapid development of acute disease, the episodic nature of chronic disease, the propensity for viral genetic variation, and the ability for many infected animals to eventually control virus replication, render EIAV a potentially useful model system for the testing of antiretroviral therapies and vaccine strategies. The utility of the EIAV system has been hampered by the lack of proviral clones that encode promptly pathogenic viral stocks. In this report, we describe the generation and characterization of two infectious molecular clones capable of causing acute clinical syndromes similar to those seen in natural infections. Virus derived from clone p19/wenv17 caused severe debilitating disease at 5 to 7 days postinfection; initial febrile episodes were fatal in two of three infected animals. Virus derived from a second clone, p19/wenv16, caused somewhat milder primary febrile episodes by 10 to 12 days postinfection in two of two infected animals. Virus derived from both clones caused persistent infections such that some animals exhibited chronic equine infectious anemia, characterized by multiple disease episodes. The two virulent clones differ in envelope and rev sequences.
[The distribution of serum homocysteine and its associated factors in a population of 1 168 subjects in Beijing area]. (2002)

Population in Beijing had higher serum level and prevalence rate of homocysteine than some western countries. Gender, geographic distribution, smoking and education had some influence on homocysteine level.
A Deep Policy Inference Q-Network for Multi-Agent Systems (2018)

We present DPIQN, a deep policy inference Q-network that targets multi-agent systems composed of controllable agents, collaborators, and opponents that interact with each other. We focus on one challenging issue in such systems---modeling agents with varying strategies---and propose to employ "policy features'' learned from raw observations (e.g., raw images) of collaborators and opponents by inferring their policies. DPIQN incorporates the learned policy features as a hidden vector into its own deep Q-network (DQN), such that it is able to predict better Q values for the controllable agents than the state-of-the-art deep reinforcement learning models. We further propose an enhanced version of DPIQN, called deep recurrent policy inference Q-network (DRPIQN), for handling partial observability. Both DPIQN and DRPIQN are trained by an adaptive training procedure, which adjusts the network's attention to learn the policy features and its own Q-values at different phases of the training process. We present a comprehensive analysis of DPIQN and DRPIQN, and highlight their effectiveness and generalizability in various multi-agent settings. Our models are evaluated in a classic soccer game involving both competitive and collaborative scenarios. Experimental results performed on 1 vs. 1 and 2 vs. 2 games show that DPIQN and DRPIQN demonstrate superior performance to the baseline DQN and deep recurrent Q-network (DRQN) models. We also explore scenarios in which collaborators or opponents dynamically change their policies, and show that DPIQN and DRPIQN do lead to better overall performance in terms of stability and mean scores.
Handbook of brewing (1995)

Commercial and economic aspects antecedents of brewing kinds of beer and beer-like beverages an overview of beer making microbrewing barley and malt adjuncts water hops yeast miscellaneous ingredients brewing fermentation ageing and finishing packaging process control sanitation brewery effluents and by-products properties of beer quality assurance brewing calculations.
Occurrence of birefringent retinal inclusions in cynomolgus monkeys after high doses of canthaxanthin. (1997)

A high intake of canthaxanthin for 2.5 years led to the deposition of crystal-like birefringent inclusions in the inner layers of the peripheral retina and, to some extent, the central retina of cynomolgus monkeys. The presence of these deposits did not interfere with morphology nor with retinal function.
Studies in magnetochemical engineering. Part II: Theoretical development of a practical model for high‐gradient magnetic separation (1983)

Abstract High‐gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) is an existing commercial technology which promises to be an effective means for the large‐scale separation of both weakly magnetic and practically nonmagnetic, micron‐sized particles. It utilizes the strong magnetic forces created typically by placing filamentary ferromagnetic packing materials inside a separator matrix magnetized by a uniform background magnetic field. In this paper, a practical mathematical model for HGMS is developed for quantitatively predicting the grade and recovery of the separated product and the capacity (concentration breakthrough) of the separator. Computer implementation and experimental verification of the new model for HGMS applied to pilot‐scale coal beneficiation are described in Part III.
Constitutive c-Met signaling through a nonautocrine mechanism promotes metastasis in a transgenic transplantation model. (2002)

Normal cells are dependent on exogenous, receptor-mediated growth stimulation for cell cycle entry and progression, providing a critical homeostatic mechanism regulating cellular proliferation. In contrast, tumor cells acquire some degree of growth signal autonomy, often through their ability to produce growth factors as well as their receptors (autocrine signaling). Recently, data have begun to emerge implicating heterotypic signaling between diverse cell types within a tumor in the genesis and progression of cancer; however, current experimental approaches in vivo have not adequately addressed this critical relationship. Here we used transgenic mice overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), or its growth antagonist NK2, as genetically modified hosts for transplantation of tumor cells expressing their receptor, c-Met, to directly assess the contribution of heterotypic signaling to metastatic colonization. We demonstrate that metastatic potential under nonautocrine signaling conditions (i.e., where tumor cells expressing c-Met are transplanted into transgenic hosts producing HGF/SF) rivaled that observed under conditions of autocrine signaling (i.e., where tumor cells expressing both HGF/SF and c-Met are transplanted into wild-type hosts). HGF/SF and NK2 were not functionally equivalent in vivo. Attenuation of NK2-associated growth inhibition by the presence of an HGF/SF-Met autocrine loop uncovered a shift in metastatic site preference from lung to liver only in NK2-transgenic hosts, a qualitative behavioral alteration likely detectable only through the genetic approach used here. Our data demonstrate that growth factors not intrinsic to malignant cells can have profound effects on metastatic efficiency in vivo and provide experimental support of a role for heterotypic signaling in tumor progression.
Rapid detection of identity-by-descent tracts for mega-scale datasets (2019)

The ability to identify segments of genomes identical-by-descent (IBD) is a part of standard workflows in both statistical and population genetics. However, traditional methods for finding local IBD across all pairs of individuals scale poorly leading to a lack of adoption in very large-scale datasets. Here, we present iLASH, IBD by LocAlity-Sensitive Hashing, an algorithm based on similarity detection techniques that shows equal or improved accuracy in simulations compared to the current leading method and speeds up analysis by several orders of magnitude on genomic datasets, making IBD estimation tractable for hundreds of thousands to millions of individuals. We applied iLASH to the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) dataset of ∼52,000 multi-ethnic participants, including several founder populations with elevated IBD sharing, which identified IBD segments on a single machine in an hour (∼3 minutes per chromosome compared to over 6 days per chromosome for a state-of-the-art algorithm). iLASH is able to efficiently estimate IBD tracts in very large-scale datasets, as demonstrated via IBD estimation across the entire UK Biobank (∼500,000 individuals), detecting nearly 13 billion pairwise IBD tracts shared between ∼11% of participants. In summary, iLASH enables fast and accurate detection of IBD, an upstream step in applications of IBD for population genetics and trait mapping.
Prebiotics and human health: The state-of-the-art and future perspectives (2001)

Prebiotics stimulate growth and/or activity of some presumably beneficial colonic bacteria and thereby have the potential to improve health, possibly through the actions of fermentation end products including butyrate. Some ingested oligosaccharides and resistant starches elevate levels of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and decrease bacteroides, enterobacteria and clostridia. Rodent studies have shown that prebiotic consumption can protect against pathogens, reduce the risk of colon cancer, enhance mineral absorption and influence lipogenesis. However confirmation of effects in humans is needed in clinical studies. With this wide range of potential applications, prebiotics need to be broadly classified based on microbiological and physiological function. Studies investigating mechanisms of action and the combined effects of prebiotics and probiotics are sparse. Resistant starch also functions as a culture protagonist because it provides enhanced bacterial survival when combined with probiotics. With the availability of a variety of prebiotics and probiotics, the potential exists for providing combinations targeted for specific health related benefits. Keywords: Beneficial microbes, health benefits, oligosaccharides, prebiotics, resistant starch
Probing the Magnetic Field of Light at Optical Frequencies (2009)

Measuring Magnetic Light Compared to its electric component, the coupling between the magnetic field component of light and matter is usually extremely weak. With no effective way to measure it, we are effectively blind to light's magnetic component. Burresi et al. (p. 550 , published online 1 October; see the Perspective by Giessen and Vogelgesang ) coupled a metamaterial split-ring resonator to the tip of a scanning probe to measure the magnetic field vector of light at optical frequencies. The ability to measure the magnetic component of light should prove useful for the nanoscale characterization of optical waveguides and other optical devices.
Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election (2017)

Following the 2016 US presidential election, many have expressed concern about the effects of false stories (“fake news”), circulated largely through social media. We discuss the economics of fake news and present new data on its consumption prior to the election. Drawing on web browsing data, archives of fact-checking websites, and results from a new online survey, we find: 1) social media was an important but not dominant source of election news, with 14 percent of Americans calling social media their “most important” source; 2) of the known false news stories that appeared in the three months before the election, those favoring Trump were shared a total of 30 million times on Facebook, while those favoring Clinton were shared 8 million times; 3) the average American adult saw on the order of one or perhaps several fake news stories in the months around the election, with just over half of those who recalled seeing them believing them; and 4) people are much more likely to believe stories that favor their preferred candidate, especially if they have ideologically segregated social media networks.
Double spacer technique for titanium self-aligned silicidation technology (2002)

Besides the conventional sidewall oxide spacer used in Titanium Self-Aligned Silicide process, an additional sidewall, second spacer was applied to extend the distance of silicided gate and the source/drain region. Junction integrity and bridging problem between the gate and source/drain can be improved by this additional spacer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Robust bayesian estimation for the linear model and robustifying the Kalman filter (1977)

Starting with the vector observation model <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y = Hx + v</tex> , robust Bayesian estimates <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\hat{x}</tex> of the vector <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</tex> are constructed for the following two distinct situations: 1) the state <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</tex> is Gaussian and the observation error <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</tex> is (heavy-tailed) non-Gaussian and 2) the state is heavy-tailed non-Gaussian and the observation error is Gaussian. Bounds with respect to broad symmetric non-Gaussian families are derived for the error covariance matrix of these estimates. These "one-step" robust estimates are then used to obtain robust estimates for the Kalman filter setup <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y_{k}= H_{k}x_{k}+ v_{k}, x_{k+1}=\Phi_{k}x_{k}+w_{k}</tex> . Monte Carlo results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed estimation procedure, which might be termed a robustified Kalman filter.