gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The identification, characterization and mitigation of defect states in organic photovoltaic devices: a review and outlook (2013)

In any microelectronic device, fundamental physical parameters must be well understood for successful electronic optimization. One such prominent parameter is energetic trap states, which are well-known to plague amorphous or otherwise impure semiconducting materials. Organic semiconductors are no strangers to such states and their electronic properties are evidently tied to these defects. Herein, this article discusses the identification, characterization and mitigation of bandgap residing trap levels in organic photovoltaic devices. A compilation of select studies to date is given and a general outlook is proposed. Organic photovoltaic materials are depicted as multiple trap-level systems with a seemingly continuous distribution of electronic states throughout the bandgap. Some elucidations as to the origins of these electronic states as well as recent works centered on defect removal are also presented.
External electro-optic probing of millimeter-wave integrated circuits (2003)

An external, noncontact electrooptic measurement system, designed to operate at the wafer level with conventional wafer probing equipment and without any special circuit preparation, has been developed. Measurements have demonstrated the system's ability to probe continuous and pulsed signals on microwave integrated circuits on arbitrary substrates with excellent spatial resolution. In addition, it has been shown that the electrooptic probe tip can measure voltage values on an integrated circuit chip, even in areas where physical contact made by a test instrument would be inappropriate. Experimental measurements on a variety of digital and analog circuits, including a GaAs selectively doped heterostructure transistor prescaler, an NMOS silicon multiplexer, and a GaAs power amplifier MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Systematic Visualization Suite for En Route Air Traffic Flows and Flight Encounters (2013)

DOI: 10.2514/1.54512 This paper describes a suite of visualization software developed over several years of research by Rowan University in collaboration with Fairfield University and in partnership with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) through a collaborative research development agreement. The visualization suite aids analysts in the evaluation of air traffic data: particularly, the accuracy of conflict probes within decision support tools (DSTs). Within this suite are two software applications developed in Java. The first visualization tool is called ScenarioGUI (scenario graphical user interface), and it is used to evaluate new advanced air traffic concepts within U.S. National Airspace System. The second visualization tool is called FlightGUI (flight graphical user interface), which helps the FAAvisualizeareasofinterestduringthetestingandevaluationofnewDSTsbeingdeployedintothe field.Twocase studies of real-world examples are provided, showcasing the process of using these tools to discover insights into the data. The end product is a capability that helps the FAA determine appropriate requirements for such future systems, and an ability to purge test data in order to illustrate reasons for inaccuracies and errors through visualization that may otherwise go unnoticed through typical regression and statistical system testing.
Low-Dropout Regulators With Adaptive Reference Control and Dynamic Push–Pull Techniques for Enhancing Transient Performance (2009)

An adaptive reference control (ARC) technique is proposed for minimizing overshoot/undershoot voltage and settling time of low-dropout regulators. Linear operation provided by the ARC technique can dynamically and smoothly adjust the reference voltage so as to increase the slew rate of error amplifier thus forcing the output voltage back to its steady-state value rapidly. The amount of transient revision is proportional to transient state output voltage variation and load condition. In addition, a dynamic push-pull technique is used to enhance transient response. Experimental results demonstrate that the undershoot voltage, settling time, and load regulation are improved by 31%, 68.5%, and 70%, respectively, when load current changes between 1 and 100 mA.
Regulated expression of cadherin-6 and cadherin-11 in human and baboon (Papio Anubis) endometrium (2009)

The human endometrium undergoes extensive proliferation and differentiation during the menstrual cycle. To date, the molecular mechanisms involved in the cyclic remodeling of the endometrium remain poorly characterised. The cadherins are a large family of integral membrane glycoproteins which mediate calcium-dependent cell adhesion and play a central role in the formation and organisation of tissues during development. We have recently determined that the two novel cadherin subtypes, cadherin-6 and cadherin-11, are present in the human endometrium. In view of these observations, we have examined the spatiotemporal expression of these two cadherin subtypes in this complex tissue. Cadherin-6 and cadherin-11 are expressed in the glandular epithelium during the proliferative phase. The expression of epithelial cadherin-6 declines as the cycle enters the secretory phase, whereas cadherin-11 levels in the glandular epithelium remain constant throughout the menstrual cycle. In contrast, these two cadherin subtypes are differentially expressed in the endometrial stroma. Cadherin-6 is only expressed in the proliferative endometrial stroma. The loss of cadherin-6 expression in the stroma cells during the secretory phase is concomitant with an increase in the levels of cadherin-11. As the switch between cadherin- 6 and cadherin-11 in the endometrial stromal occurs when these cells are undergoing progesterone-mediated cellular differentiation, we examined the ability of this gonadal steroid to regulate these two endometrial cadherin subtypes in isolated endometrial stroma cells. Progesterone was capable of differentially regulating cadherin-6 and cadherin-11. In addition, we failed to detect cadherin-11 expression in endometrial biopsies obtained from women with habitual abortion associated with luteal phase deficiency, suggesting that cadherin-11 may play a central role in the functional maturation of the endometrium. Finally, we have localised these two cadherin subtypes in the baboon uterus in order to determine whether this non-human primate will serve as a suitable model in which to examine the role of cadherin-6 and cadherin-11 in implantation-related processes. The spatiotemporal expression of cadherin-6 and cadherin-11 in the human and baboon endometrium is similar. Collectively, these observations suggest that the two cadherin subtypes, cadherin-6 and cadherin-11, play a central role in the cyclic remodeling of the human endometrium in preparation for the implanting embryo.
Trifluoromethylation of Allylsilanes under Photoredox Catalysis (2013)

A new catalytic method to access allylic secondary CF3 products is described. These reactions use the visible light excited Ru(bpy)3Cl2·6H2O catalyst and the Togni or Umemoto reagent as the CF3 source. The photoredox catalytic manifold delivers enantioenriched allylic trifluoromethylated products not accessible under Cu(I) catalysis.
CONCAVE HULL: A K-NEAREST NEIGHBOURS APPROACH FOR THE COMPUTATION OF THE REGION OCCUPIED BY A SET OF POINTS (2007)

This paper describes an algorithm to compute the envelope of a set of points in a plane, which generates convex or non-convex hulls that represent the area occupied by the given points.The proposed algorithm is based on a k-nearest neighbours approach, where the value of k, the only algorithm parameter, is used to control the "smoothness" of the final solution.The obtained results show that this algorithm is able to deal with arbitrary sets of points, and that the time to compute the polygons increases approximately linearly with the number of points.
Breath-hold coronary MR angiography with volume-targeted imaging. (1998)

Despite its status as the indisputable standard of reference for the detection of coronary artery disease, conventional coronary angiography remains costly and highly invasive, with associated risks of major complications, including stroke and death. Breath-hold volume targeted acquisitions permit rapid localization and coverage of the entire coronary tree with adequate resolution for evaluating the coronary arteries.
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for determination of amlodipine in plasma (2001)

Amlodipine is a calcium channel antagonist of the dihydropyridine group. It is effective for treating hypertension, chronic stable angina, and vasospastic angina. However, it is difficult clinically to pinpoint the maximum dosage for antihypertensive activity of the drug without having parallel data on the plasma drug concentrations. The methods for assaying amlodipine are either gas chromatography with electron capture detector or liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (or with an electrochemical detector), which needs tedious derivatization, and is expensive and time consuming. Therefore, in this study we developed an enzyme immunoassay for determining amlodipine in plasma. Anti-amlodipine antibodies were produced following immunization of bovine serum albumin-amlodipine conjugate. These specific antibodies were used in a competitive biotin-avidin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure amlodipine in plasma. Biotin was linked to the antibodies in order to enhance the sensitivity of the assay. The assay was specific for the free form of amlodipine with a detection limit of 0.1 ng/ml and the intra- and interassay coefficient of variation ranged from 1.6-10.2%. This immunoassay provides a sensitive, reliable, rapid, and accurate method for determination of amlodipine in plasma, which can be used in therapeutic drug monitoring pharmacokinetic studies and pharmaceutical analysis.
Effect of DC-DC Converters on Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells Output (2007)

The paper presents an analysis of Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC-mesh, and DEFC-foam) systems interfaced to DC-DC converters. The output voltage characteristics of six systems are compared. Experimental results show that DEFC systems present variable, nonlinear impedances as a function of frequency. It is shown, through experimental results, that DEFC systems do not exhibit predictable output as function of duty cycle alone. Consequently, output voltage control through pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques cannot be employed for DEFC systems.. The motivation for this analysis is a preliminary investigation into the use of DEFC's as a power source for a prototype Martian Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle (UAV).
National Taiwan University at Terabyte Track of TREC 2005 (2005)

There are three tasks in the Terabyte track of TREC 2005, i.e. Efficiency, Ad hoc and Named page finding. We participated in all the tasks and use different retrieval methods to deal with each task, aiming to vary the retrieval method according to the different characteristics of different tasks. In Ah hoc task, we adopt the technique of query-specific clustering. In Named page finding task, we cared more about the information of document title and anchor text of out-links. 1
Research Profile: A new method to extract protein from bone (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNEWSNEXTResearch Profile: A new method to extract protein from boneLaura CassidayCite this: J. Proteome Res. 2007, 6, 6, 2053Publication Date (Web):June 1, 2007Publication History Published online1 June 2007Published inissue 1 June 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/pr070754dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/pr070754dnewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2004Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (68 KB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anatomy Get e-Alerts
Morphology and electrical characterization of calcium modified ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate films (1993)

Abstract Thin film ferroelectrics are currently being used in a variety of electronics applications. There are numerous deposition techniques available for producing films of sub-micron thickness. In this paper, rf-magnetron sputtered Ca-modified PZT films about 0.4 micrometer thick have been analyzed and compared to similarly produced, undoped PZT films. The effects of calcium are significant not only in the morphology of the films but also in their electrical properties. The grain size is rather large (0.5 to 1.5 μm.), especially when compared to undoped films which have an average grain size of 0.2-0.5 μm. Domains are pronounced in the Ca containing PZT films and switching characteristics are rather different when compared to undoped samples. Calcium modified PZT capacitors have very square hysteresis loops with as much as 50 μC/cm2 of switched charge. The ferroelectric switching time for Ca-modified films is greater than 700 nsec near Vccompared to a switching time of less than 30 nsec for undoped films. For applied voltages near saturation, the relaxation of the ferroelectric polarization is much greater than for undoped films. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) have been used to characterize these films and to compare them to undoped samples. Correlations between morphology and ferroelectric switching characteristics are proposed.
Reliable Classification of Vehicle Types Based on Cascade Classifier Ensembles (2012)

Vehicle-type recognition based on images is a challenging task. This paper comparatively studied two feature extraction methods for image description, i.e., the Gabor wavelet transform and the Pyramid Histogram of Oriented Gradients (PHOG). The Gabor transform has been widely adopted to extract image features for various vision tasks. PHOG has the superiority in its description of more discriminating information. A highly reliable classification scheme was proposed by cascade classifier ensembles with reject option to accommodate the situations where no decision should be made if there exists adequate ambiguity. The first ensemble is heterogeneous, consisting of several classifiers, including <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> -nearest neighbors (kNNs), multiple-layer perceptrons (MLPs), support vector machines (SVMs), and random forest. The classification reliability is further enhanced by a second classifier ensemble, which is composed of a set of base MLPs coordinated by an ensemble metalearning method called rotation forest (RF). For both of the ensembles, rejection option is accomplished by relating the consensus degree from majority voting to a confidence measure and by abstaining to classify ambiguous samples if the consensus degree is lower than a threshold. The final class label is assigned by dual majority voting from the two ensembles. Experimental results using more than 600 images from a variety of 21 makes of cars and vans demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The cascade ensembles produce consistently reliable results. With a moderate ensemble size of 25 in the second ensemble, the two-stage classification scheme offers 98.65% accuracy with a rejection rate of 2.5%, exhibiting promising potential for real-world applications.
Experimental Theatre in Scotland (1994)

Philip Prowse, the distinguished designer and director and member of the triumvirate that runs the Glasgow Citizens' Theatre, once quipped that he only went to the theatre in London to keep 'au courant with what is deja vue' (Prowse). Until recently this could have been dismissed as bravado; certainly not an accurate reflection of the state of British Theatre, as London had always been, indisputably, the centre of British Theatre. Anyone wishing to sample a whole range of new theatre work, or to experience fresh approaches to staging would have needed to stir no further north than London's Round House or further south than the Oval House. While it is true that some theatre companies like Impact or Welfare State chose to create highly-acclaimed work outside London, in Leeds and in the Lake District respectively, even they needed to show their work in the capital in order to secure funding and critical recognition. Very occasionally a company like the Royal Exchange in Manchester or the Glasgow Citizens' would forge a distinctive style which set it apart from the amorphous mass of 'provincial' theatres.KeywordsPerformance ArtistExperimental TheatreNational ReviewTheatre CompanyMainstream TheatreThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Bandwidth Optimal Data/Service Delivery for Connected Vehicles via Edges (2018)

The paradigm of connected vehicles is fast gaining lot of attraction in the automotive industry. Recently, a lot of technological innovation has been pushed through to realize this paradigm using vehicle to cloud (V2C), infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle (V2V) communications. This has also opened the doors for efficient delivery of data/service to the vehicles via edge devices that are closer to the vehicles. In this work, we propose an optimization framework that can be used to deliver data/service to the connected vehicles such that a bandwidth cost objective is optimized. For the first time, we also integrate a vehicle flow model in the optimization framework to model the traffic flow in the coverage area of the edges. Using the optimization framework, we study the variation of the optimal bandwidth cost for varying problem sizes and vehicle flow model parameter values for both data and service delivery.
Biodegradation of Glycidol and Glycidyl Nitrate (1982)

When calcium hydroxide is used to desensitize glycerol trinitrate (nitroglycerine)-containing waste streams, the epoxides glycidol and glycidyl nitrate are formed. The epoxide rings of both compounds are unstable to heat in aqueous solutions, and they open to form glycerol 1-mononitrate and presumably glycerol. These transformations were accelerated by microbial activity. Glycerol 1-mononitrate was slowly denitrated to form glycerol. Glycidol and glycidyl nitrate caused base-pair substitutions in the Ames test for mutagenicity, whereas glycerol 1-mononitrate tests were negative.
Aging in place (2007)

This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a distributed network of smart cameras whose function is to detect and localize falls, an important application in elderly living environments. A network of overlapping smart cameras uses a decentralized procedure for computing inter-image homographies that allows the location of a fall to be reported in 2D world coordinates by calibrating only one camera. Also, we propose a joint routing and homography transformation scheme for multi-hop localization that yields localization errors of less than 2 feet using very low resolution images. Our goal is to demonstrate that such a distributed low-power system can perform adequately in this and related applications. A prototype implementation is given for low-power Agilent/UCLA Cyclops cameras running on the Crossbow MICAz platform. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the fall detection as well as the precision of the localization using a simulation of our sample implementation.
Hierarchical Reinforcement in Continuous State and Multi-Agent Environments (2005)

This dissertation investigates the use of hierarchy and abstraction as a means of solving complex sequential decision making problems such as those with continuous state and/or continuous action spaces, and domains with multiple cooperative agents. This thesis develops several novel extensions to hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL), and designs algorithms that are appropriate for such problems. It has been shown that the average reward optimality criterion is more natural than the more commonly used discounted criterion for continuing tasks. This thesis investigates two formulations of HRL based on the average reward semi-Markov decision process (SMDP) model, both for discrete-time and continuous-time. These formulations correspond to two notions of optimality that have been explored in previous work on HRL: hierarchical optimality and recursive optimality. Novel discrete-time and continuous-time algorithms, termed hierarchically optimal average reward RL (HAR) and recursively optimal average reward RL (RAR) are presented, which learn to find hierarchically and recursively optimal average reward policies. Two automated guided vehicle (AGV) scheduling problems are used as experimental testbeds to empirically study the performance of the proposed algorithms.
Processing Effects on the Composition of Sea Buckthorn Juice from <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> L. Cv. Indian Summer (2001)

Sea buckthorn juice is one product that can be derived from the sea buckthorn berry, a new alternative crop for the Canadian western provinces. Fresh pressed juice separates into three phases when allowed to stand overnight in the refrigerator: an upper cream phase, juice in the middle portion, and a sediment at the bottom. Enzymatic hydrolysis with commercial, broad spectrum carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme preparations reduced the juice viscosity, assisted juice separation, and provided an opalescent juice. Soluble solids averaged 10.2 degrees Brix, pH averaged 3.13, ascorbic acid averaged 174.2 mg/100 mL, and titratable acidity averaged 1.97% as malic acid all determined on centrifuged (10 000 rpm, 15 min) juice. Soluble sugars included glucose, fructose, and an unidentified component that was not sucrose or other common soluble monomeric or dimeric sugar. Quinic acid was quantitatively most important, while malic was next, and oxalic, citric, and tartaric acids were minor components. Washing berries by dipping reduced soluble solids (degrees Brix) in juice suggesting uptake of wash water.
Actions as Space-Time Shapes (2007)

Human action in video sequences can be seen as silhouettes of a moving torso and protruding limbs undergoing articulated motion. We regard human actions as three-dimensional shapes induced by the silhouettes in the space-time volume. We adopt a recent approach for analyzing 2D shapes and generalize it to deal with volumetric space-time action shapes. Our method utilizes properties of the solution to the Poisson equation to extract space-time features such as local space-time saliency, action dynamics, shape structure and orientation. We show that these features are useful for action recognition, detection and clustering. The method is fast, does not require video alignment and is applicable in (but not limited to) many scenarios where the background is known. Moreover, we demonstrate the robustness of our method to partial occlusions, non-rigid deformations, significant changes in scale and viewpoint, high irregularities in the performance of an action, and low quality video.