gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hemorrhoids and varicose veins: a review of treatment options. (2001)

Hemorrhoids and varicose veins are common conditions seen by general practitioners. Both conditions have several treatment modalities for the physician to choose from. Varicose veins are treated with mechanical compression stockings. There are several over-the-counter topical agents available for hemorrhoids. Conservative therapies for both conditions include diet, lifestyle changes, and hydrotherapy which require a high degree of patient compliance to be effective. When conservative hemorrhoid therapy is ineffective, many physicians may choose other non-surgical modalities: injection sclerotherapy, cryotherapy, manual dilation of the anus, infrared photocoagulation, bipolar diathermy, direct current electrocoagulation, or rubber band ligation. Injection sclerotherapy is the non-surgical treatment for primary varicose veins. Non-surgical modalities require physicians to be specially trained, own specialized equipment, and assume associated risks. If a non-surgical approach fails, the patient is often referred to a surgeon. The costly and uncomfortable nature of treatment options often lead a patient to postpone evaluation until aggressive intervention is necessary. Oral dietary supplementation is an attractive addition to the traditional treatment of hemorrhoids and varicose veins. The loss of vascular integrity is associated with the pathogenesis of both hemorrhoids and varicose veins. Several botanical extracts have been shown to improve microcirculation, capillary flow, and vascular tone, and to strengthen the connective tissue of the perivascular amorphous substrate. Oral supplementation with Aesculus hippocastanum, Ruscus aculeatus, Centella asiatica, Hamamelis virginiana, and bioflavonoids may prevent time-consuming, painful, and expensive complications of varicose veins and hemorrhoids.
Tissue-specific exosome biomarkers for noninvasively monitoring immunologic rejection of transplanted tissue (2017)

In transplantation, there is a critical need for noninvasive biomarker platforms for monitoring immunologic rejection. We hypothesized that transplanted tissues release donor-specific exosomes into recipient circulation and that the quantitation and profiling of donor intra-exosomal cargoes may constitute a biomarker platform for monitoring rejection. Here, we have tested this hypothesis in a human-into-mouse xenogeneic islet transplant model and validated the concept in clinical settings of islet and renal transplantation. In the xenogeneic model, we quantified islet transplant exosomes in recipient blood over long-term follow-up using anti-HLA antibody, which was detectable only in xenoislet recipients of human islets. Transplant islet exosomes were purified using anti-HLA antibody-conjugated beads, and their cargoes contained the islet endocrine hormone markers insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Rejection led to a marked decrease in transplant islet exosome signal along with distinct changes in exosomal microRNA and proteomic profiles prior to appearance of hyperglycemia. In the clinical settings of islet and renal transplantation, donor exosomes with respective tissue specificity for islet β cells and renal epithelial cells were reliably characterized in recipient plasma over follow-up periods of up to 5 years. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the biomarker potential of transplant exosome characterization for providing a noninvasive window into the conditional state of transplant tissue.
The α‐subunits of G‐proteins G<sub>12</sub> and G<sub>13</sub> are palmitoylated, but not amidically myristoylated (1994)

The alpha-subunits of the G-proteins G12 and G13 were expressed with a baculovirus system in insect cells and analysed for acylation. Both proteins incorporated tritiated palmitic and to a lesser extent also tritiated myristic acid. Radiolabel from both fatty acids was sensitive to treatment with neutral hydroxylamine. This result supports a thioester-type fatty acid bond and argues against amidical N-myristoylation. Fatty acid analysis after labeling with [3H]palmitic acid showed that palmitate represents the predominant fatty acid linked to G alpha 12 and G alpha 13. Separation of cells into cytosolic and membranous fractions revealed that palmitoylated alpha-subunits of G12 were exclusively membrane-bound, whereas [35S]methionine-labeled proteins were detected in soluble and particulate fractions. Inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide did not block palmitoylation of the alpha-subunits, which indicates that palmitoylation occurs independently of protein synthesis.
Acceleration of Membrane Senescence in Cut Carnation Flowers by Treatment with Ethylene (1982)

The lipid microviscosity of microsomal membranes from senescing cut carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. White Sim) flowers rises with advancing senescence. The increase in membrane microviscosity is initiated within 3 to 4 days of cutting the flowers and coincides temporally with petal-inrolling denoting the climacteric-like rise in ethylene production. Treatment of young cut flowers with aminoethoxyvinylglycine prevented the appearance of petal-inrolling and delayed the rise in membrane microviscosity until day 9 after cutting. When freshly cut flowers or aminoethoxyvinylglycine-treated flowers were exposed to exogenous ethylene (1 microliter per liter), the microviscosity of microsomal membranes rose sharply within 24 hours, and inrolling of petals was clearly evident. Thus, treatment with ethylene accelerates membrane rigidification. Silver thiosulphate, a potent anti-ethylene agent, delayed the rise in microsomal membrane microviscosity even when the flowers were exposed to exogenous ethylene. Membrane rigidification in both naturally senescing and ethylene-treated flowers was accompanied by an increased sterol:phospholipid ratio reflecting the selective loss of membrane phospholipid that accompanies senescence. The results collectively indicate that the climacteric-like surge in ethylene production during senescence of carnation flowers facilitates physical changes in membrane lipids that presumably lead to loss of membrane function.
Interpreting Impedance Response of Silicon Carbide Whisker/Alumina Composites Through Microstructural Simulation (2005)

A three‐dimensional, object‐defined Monte Carlo simulation is applied to alumina‐silicon carbide whisker ceramic matrix composites. The simulation takes whisker orientation and size distributions into account simultaneously, and calculates a connectivity factor that relates whisker conductivity to macroscopic conductivity. Simulation results are compared with electrical measurements taken on real samples via impedance spectroscopy. Results show that the effect of whisker clumping can be seen in the impedance response as a decrease in the overall measured conductivity. Results also show that interfacial resistance influences the overall resistivity strongly relative to connectivity at volume fractions far above the percolation threshold. The possible mechanisms for interfacial resistance in the composite and their effect on the impedance response are discussed.
The Caenorhabditis elegans locus lin-15, a negative regulator of a tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, encodes two different proteins. (1994)

The Caenorhabditis elegans locus lin-15 negatively regulates an intercellular signaling process that induces formation of the hermaphrodite vulva. The lin-15 locus controls two separate genetic activities. Mutants that lack both activities have multiple, ectopic pseudo-vulvae resulting from the overproduction of vulval cells, whereas mutants defective in only one lin-15 activity appear wild-type. lin-15 acts non-cell-autonomously to prevent the activation of a receptor tyrosine kinase/ras signaling pathway. We report here the molecular characterization of the lin-15 locus. The two lin-15 activities are encoded by contiguous genomic regions and by two distinct, non-overlapping transcripts that may be processed from a single mRNA precursor by trans-splicing. Based on the DNA sequence, the 719- and 1,440-amino acid lin-15 proteins are not similar to each other or to known proteins. lin-15 multivulva mutants, which are defective in both lin-15 activities, contain deletions and insertions that affect the lin-15 genomic region.
Increased calreticulin stability in differentiated NG-108-15 cells correlates with resistance to apoptosis induced by antisense treatment (1998)

Since its first identification as a high-affinity calcium-binding protein over two decades ago [T.J. Ostwald and D.H. MacLennan, Isolation of a high-affinity calcium-binding protein from sarcoplasmic reticulum, J. Biol. Chem., 249 (1974) 974-979], calreticulin has become recognized as a multifunctional protein involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. We have previously shown that it has a protective function in Ca2+-mediated cell death [N. Liu, R.E. Fine, E. Simons and R.J. Johnson, Decreasing calreticulin expression lowers the Ca2+ response to bradykinin and increases sensitivity to ionomycin in NG-108-15 cells, J. Biol. Chem. , 269 (1994) 28635-28639]. We report here that in NG-108-15 neuroblastomaxglioma hybrid cells, calreticulin protein levels increase markedly when these cells are induced to differentiate by treating them with N,N-dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP). We demonstrate that the reason for this increase is mostly due to a large increase in the turnover time of calreticulin in differentiated cells. We also show that a calreticulin antisense oligonucleotide, CrtAS1, previously described by Liu and co-workers [N. Liu, R.E. Fine, E. Simons and R.J. Johnson, Decreasing calreticulin expression lowers the Ca2+ response to bradykinin and increases sensitivity to ionomycin in NG-108-15 cells, J. Biol. Chem., 269 (1994) 28635-28639] causes cell death in undifferentiated NG-108-15 cells when antisense treatment is extended for more than 24 h. This effect is not seen in NG-108-15 cells that have been induced to differentiate with db-cAMP until the cells have been treated with antisense for more than 4 days, due to the increased stability of Crt in these cells. Our results indicate that the mechanism by which these cells die is likely to be apoptosis.
A Novel Statistical Timing and Leakage Power Characterization of Partially Depleted Silicon-on-Insulator Gates (2008)

This paper presents a novel statistical characterization for accurate timing and a new probabilistic-based analysis for estimating the leakage power in partially depleted silicon-on-insulator (PD-SOI) circuits in 100-nm BSIMSOI3.2 technology. This paper shows that the accuracy of modeling the leakage current in PD-SOI complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits is improved by considering the interactions between the subthreshold leakage and the gate tunneling leakage, the stacking effect, the history effect, and the fan-out effect, along with a new input-independent method for estimating the leakage power based on a probabilistic approach. The proposed timing and leakage power estimate algorithms are implemented in MATLAB, HSPICE, and C. The proposed methodology is applied to ISCAS85 benchmarks, and the results show that the error is within 5%, compared with random simulation results.
Lip Reading in Profile (2017)

There has been a quantum leap in the performance of automated lip reading recently due to the application of neural network sequence models trained on a very large corpus of aligned text and face videos. However, this advance has only been demonstrated for frontal or near frontal faces, and so the question remains: can lips be read in profile to the same standard? The objective of this paper is to answer that question. We make three contributions: first, we obtain a new large aligned training corpus that contains profile faces, and select these using a face pose regressor network; second, we propose a curriculum learning procedure that is able to extend SyncNet [10] (a network to synchronize face movements and speech) progressively from frontal to profile faces; third, we demonstrate lip reading in profile for unseen videos. The trained model is evaluated on a held out test set, and is also shown to far surpass the state of the art on the OuluVS2 multi-view benchmark.
Null holographic test structures for the measurement of overlay and its statistical variation (2000)

Results are presented on the use of null wire segment holograms for the in-line assessment of mask alignment errors in the integrated circuit fabrication process. Process variations are detected by measuring the light intensity generated by a hologram designed to project a null image. To detect alignment errors, the mask for the wire segment hologram (WSH) is distributed between two mask layers. If the two sets of diffracting structures defined by the masks are transferred to the wafer with perfect registration, the result is an area of light cancellation (null) in the image plane. Increased mask misalignment leads to imperfect wavefront cancellation, which is manifested as an increase in light intensity in the null region. In order to characterize misalignment under controlled conditions, the two portions of the holographic test structure were initially recombined into a single structure but with intentional misalignment between the two portions designed into the mask. The technique was then used to characterize the alignment errors between two separate masks with the actual fabricated offsets measured using atomic force microscopy. Initial results indicate the technique is capable of resolving 0.1-/spl mu/m mask misalignment for a 1-/spl mu/m minimum feature process.
Local and Sustained Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil from Biodegradable Microspheres for the Radiosensitization of Malignant Glioma: A Randomized Phase II Trial (2005)

It may be hypothesized that the implantation of 5-fluorouracil-loaded microspheres in the wall of the cavity resection did increase the overall survival, but the present study was not designed and sufficiently powered to demonstrate this.
A method for the synthesis of racemic and optically active 2‐substituted 9‐(2′,3′‐dihydroxypropyl)‐8‐azahypoxanthines and 8‐azaadenines (1991)

Abstract Several 9‐(2′,3′‐ O ‐isopropylidene)‐ and 9‐(2′,3′‐dihydroxypropyl)‐8‐azahypoxanthines and 8‐azaadenines were synthesized by a “one pot” method starting from the acetonide of racemic or ( S )‐1‐azido‐2,3‐dihydroxypropane, obtained from D‐mannitol. 9‐(2′,3′‐Dihydroxypropyl)‐8‐azapurines were tested as adenosine deaminase inhibitors.
Risk Adjustment And Medicare: Taking A Closer Look (1997)

Medicare's method for reimbursing at-risk managed care plans causes potential problems with selection (when beneficiaries with higher-than-expected costs stay in traditional plans) and stinting (the tendency to underprovide health services). Adjusting payment by diagnosis offers substantial improvement. We favor large-scale demonstrations of diagnosis-based reimbursement. Reducing payment, a Clinton administration proposal, would recoup excess payments in the short run but not address the selection problem, which could reemerge. Selection makes current payments vulnerable to upward spirals. We propose not using traditional Medicare to update reimbursement. Basing some payment on enrollees' actual use addresses selection and stinting. Rather than reinsurance, we propose blending traditional Medicare and risk-adjusted capitation. Ceding some cases to traditional Medicare in advance appears to be useful for terminally ill patients.
GRK2 Protein-mediated Transphosphorylation Contributes to Loss of Function of μ-Opioid Receptors Induced by Neuropeptide FF (NPFF2) Receptors (2012)

Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) interacts with specific receptors to modulate opioid functions in the central nervous system. On dissociated neurons and neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) transfected with NPFF receptors, NPFF acts as a functional antagonist of μ-opioid (MOP) receptors by attenuating the opioid-induced inhibition of calcium conductance. In the SH-SY5Y model, MOP and NPFF(2) receptors have been shown to heteromerize. To understand the molecular mechanism involved in the anti-opioid activity of NPFF, we have investigated the phosphorylation status of the MOP receptor using phospho-specific antibody and mass spectrometry. Similarly to direct opioid receptor stimulation, activation of the NPFF(2) receptor by [D-Tyr-1-(NMe)Phe-3]NPFF (1DMe), an analog of NPFF, induced the phosphorylation of Ser-377 of the human MOP receptor. This heterologous phosphorylation was unaffected by inhibition of second messenger-dependent kinases and, contrarily to homologous phosphorylation, was prevented by inactivation of G(i/o) proteins by pertussis toxin. Using siRNA knockdown we could demonstrate that 1DMe-induced Ser-377 cross-phosphorylation and MOP receptor loss of function were mediated by the G protein receptor kinase GRK2. In addition, mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the phosphorylation pattern of MOP receptors was qualitatively similar after treatment with the MOP agonist Tyr-D-Ala-Gly (NMe)-Phe-Gly-ol (DAMGO) or after treatment with the NPFF agonist 1DMe, but the level of multiple phosphorylation was more intense after DAMGO. Finally, NPFF(2) receptor activation was sufficient to recruit β-arrestin2 to the MOP receptor but not to induce its internalization. These data show that NPFF-induced heterologous desensitization of MOP receptor signaling is mediated by GRK2 and could involve transphosphorylation within the heteromeric receptor complex.
Intralesional injection of insulin-like growth factor-I for treatment of superficial digital flexor tendonitis in Thoroughbred racehorses: 40 cases (2000–2004) (2011)

OBJECTIVE-To evaluate outcome after intralesional injection of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) for treatment of superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendonitis in Thoroughbred racehorses. DESIGN-Retrospective case series. ANIMALS-40 Thoroughbred racehorses. PROCEDURES-Medical records of racehorses with SDF tendonitis treated within 13 weeks after injury by intralesional injection of IGF-I (25 or 50 μg every other day for 4 or 5 treatments) were reviewed. Outcome was determined via analysis of race records, owner follow-up, and examination. RESULTS-Mean age of the horses was 3.1 years (range, 2 to 7 years), and time from injury to treatment ranged from 8 to 90 days. Mean ± SD approximate lesion length on admission was 15.6 ± 6.0 cm, and mean percentage cross-sectional area of the tendon affected was 26 ± 18%. Twenty-six of the 40 horses underwent desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the SDF tendon. Echolucency was reduced in 23 of 26 horses by the end of the treatment period. Twenty-one of 34 (62%) horses for which race data were available raced at least once after treatment, including 10 (30%) horses that raced between 1 and 4 times and 11 horses (32%) that raced ≥ 5 times. Thirteen of 28 (46%) horses had a recurrence of tendonitis or developed tendonitis elsewhere. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE-Results suggested that in Thoroughbred racehorses with SDF tendonitis, intralesional injection of IGF-I led to a decrease in ultrasonographic lesion severity, but treated horses had only a moderate prognosis for return to racing.
Sidelobe reduction of images with coded limited diffraction beams (2002)

Coded excitations are studied to reduce sidelobes and increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of limited diffraction imaging systems. Images of objects consisting of randomly distributed scatterers are constructed and image contrasts are studied quantitatively. Results show that with coded excitations, high contrast images can be constructed at a high SNR.
Shape Selectivity by Guest‐Driven Restructuring of a Porous Material (2014)

Abstract A flexible metal‐organic framework selectively sorbs para ‐ (pX) over meta ‐xylene (mX) by synergic restructuring around pX coupled with generation of unused void space upon mX loading. The nature of the structural change suggests more generally that flexible structures which are initially mismatched in terms of fit and capacity to the preferred guest are strong candidates for effective molecular separations.
Elevation of a Specific mRNA in Longissimus Muscle of Steers Fed Ractopamine (1989)

To address the hypothesis that some classes of growth promoters stimulate muscle protein synthesis in growing cattle, 23 crossbred steers were fed diets containing the phenethanolamine growth promoter ractopamine in a 140-d feeding trial. Steers received either no ractopamine, .18 or .36 mg.kg BW-1.d-1 ractopamine for 140 d or .36 or .72 mg.kg BW-1.d-1 ractopamine for 56 d. Longissimus muscle was obtained at slaughter and frozen in liquid N2. RNA was extracted by homogenization of pulverized frozen muscle in guanidinium isothiocyanate and centrifugation through cesium chloride. Polyadenylated mRNA was extracted by capture on oligo-dT columns. Ractopamine had no effect on total RNA or mRNA concentrations (P greater than .25). Hybridization of the RNA to a putative myosin light chain-1/3 (MLC-1/3) cDNA clone in a Northern blot indicated one heavy band (approximately 1 kb) with no evidence of extensive destruction of the RNA. A second, minor band (approximately 3 kb) also was observed in some samples. The MLC-1/3 cDNA clone was hybridized to 1- or 5-micrograms samples of total RNA, and the intensity of the resultant autoradiographs was quantified by laser densitometry. There was a statistical correlation between MLC-1/3 mRNA-micrograms RNA-1 and longissimus cross-sectional area (P less than .05) and average daily gain (P less than .025). The results suggest that ractopamine either increased the transcription of the putative MLC-1/3 gene and(or) increased the stability of MLC-1/3 mRNA in bovine longissimus muscle, either of which could result in an increase in specific myofibrillar protein synthesis.
Impact of Long-Term Application of Treated Tannery Effluents on the Emergence of Resistance Traits in Rhizobium sp. Isolated from Trifolium alexandrinum (2008)

A total of 35 Rhizobium sp. were isolated from the root nodules of Trifolium alexandrinum (Egyptian clover) irrigated with treated tannery effluents and characterised on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Rhizospheric soils and plant parts were also analysed for metal concentrations by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The test soil samples were contaminated with a high level of chromium and also with other heavy metals, i.e. Ni, Zn, Cu, and Cd. The heavy metal analysis of Trifolium alexandrinum plant parts revealed different accumulation of these metals in different plant parts, such as root, stem, and leaf. Trifolium alexandrinum roots accumulated the highest amount of these metals and this was followed by leaves. All the isolates of Rhizobium sp. were tested for their resistance against Cr3+, Cr6+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+. The highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1600 µg/ml was observed against Cr3+ in 37.1% of the isolates. Some of the metal resistant isolates that showed maximum resistance were also tested for their resistance against 6 commonly used antibiotics, namely tetracycline, ampicillin, gentamycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and nalidixic acid. Forty percent of Rhizobium sp. isolates were resistant against nalidixic acid and 33.3% were resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline.