gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The God and the Machine (1976)

Once Wodehouse transported Mike to Sedleigh from Wrykin and Mike hated it on sight, the god appeared. And from the very first the god began to send up not only Sedleigh but public schools and the public school story: ‘Hullo’, he said He spoke in a tired voice. ‘Hullo’, said Mike. ‘Take a seat’, said the immaculate one. ‘If you don’t mind dirtying your bags, that’s to say. Personally, I don’t see any prospect of ever sitting down in this place. It looks to me as if they meant to use these chairs as mustard-and-cress beds. A Nursery Garden in the Home. That sort of idea. My name’, he added pensively, ‘is Smith. What’s yours ?’ ‘Jackson’, said Mike. ‘Are you the Bully, the Pride of the School, or the Boy who is Led Astray and takes to Drink in Chapter Sixteen ?’ ‘The last, for choice’, said Mike, ‘but I’ve only just arrived, so I don’t know’. ‘The boy—what will he become? Are you new here, too, then?’ ‘Yes! Why, are you new?’ ‘Do I look as if I belonged here? I’m the latest import. Sit down on yonder settee, and I will tell you the painful story of my life. By the way, before I start, there’s just one thing. If you ever have occasion to write to me, would you mind sticking a P at the beginning of my name? P-s-m-i-t-h. See? There are too many Smiths, and I don’t care for Smythe. My father’s content to worry along in the old-fashioned way, but I’ve decided to strike out a fresh line. I shall found a new dynasty. The resolve came to me unexpectedly this morning. I jotted it down on the back of an envelope. In conversation you may address me as Rupert (though I hope you won’t), or simply Smith, the P not being sounded. Cp. the name Zbysco, in which the Z is given a similar miss-in-baulk. See?’
A model based reasoning approach for generating plausible crime scenarios from evidence (2003)

Robust decision support systems (DSSs) for crime investigation are difficult to construct because of the almost infinite variation of plausible crime scenarios. Thus existing approaches avoid any explicit reasoning about crime scenarios. They focus on problems such as intelligence analysis and profiling. This paper introduces a novel model based reasoning technique that enables DSSs to automatically construct representations of crime scenarios. It achieves this by storing the component events of the scenarios instead of entire scenarios and by providing an algorithm that can instantiate and compose these component events into useful scenarios. This approach is more adaptable to unanticipated cases than one that represents scenarios explicitly because it allows component events to match the case under investigation in many different ways. The approach presented herein is applied to and illustrated with examples from an application of the differentiation between homicidal, suicidal, accidental and natural death.
A CAPS marker linked to a genic male-sterile gene in the colored sweet pepper, 'Paprika' (Capsicum annuum L.) (2010)

Genic male sterility (GMS) has been widely used as a tool for hybrid seed production in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Little work has been done on the development of molecular markers linked to pepper GMS genes, which are generally controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. In this study, we developed a DNA marker linked to paprika GMS using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. Two F2 populations were made by selfing commercial F1 varieties of ‘Mirage’ and ‘Fiesta’ and subjected to BSA-AFLP using 256 primer combinations. Among five reproducible polymorphic primer combinations, an AFLP marker Egat/Mcgg was converted to a codominant cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker. This marker, named PmsM1-CAPS, is located about 2 to 3 cM from the ms locus. Although PmsM1-CAPS was not correlated with GMS in ‘MiniBell’ because it was a different GMS gene, the marker was found to be useful in screening for male sterility, as tested in F2 progenies from ‘Helsinki’ and F3 families derived from the F1 varieties used in this study.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica with Large Pores and Bimodal Pore Size Distribution by Templating of Polymer Latices (1998)

A novel variation of the template route to mesoporous silica is presented, which extends the range of pore sizes that can be achieved to larger sizes. Polymer latex particles in the range from 20 to 400 nm with different surface functionalities are employed as templates. The synthesis of the latices, sol-gel processing, and calcination are described, together with the characterization of the inorganic gels. It is shown that the route of templating polymer dispersions is complementary to the synthesis in lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases, leading to a bimodal size distribution of the pores.
New Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates via Self-Assembly of Silver Nanoparticles for Perchlorate Detection in Water (2005)

Perchlorate (ClO4-) has recently emerged as a widespread contaminant in drinking water and groundwater supplies in the United States, and a need exists for rapid detection and monitoring of this contaminant. In this study, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was studied as a means of ClO4- detection, and new sol-gel-based SERS substrates were developed by self-assembly of silver colloidal nanoparticles with various functionalized silane reagents. These substrate materials were tailored to allow detection of ClO4- in water with improved sorptivity, stability, and sensitivity and with the ability to detect ClO4- at concentrations as low as 10(-6) M (or 100 microg/L) with good reproducibility. Similar techniques were used to fabricate capillary SERS flow cells by assembling functionalized silver nanoparticles capable of attracting ClO4- to the SERS surface or the internal wall of glass capillaries. These capillary flow cells could be readily configured to allow for in situ, nondestructive detection of ClO4- via fiber optics.
Mitochondria in Chronic Liver Disease (2011)

Mitochondria are the main energy source in hepatocytes and play a major role in extensive oxidative metabolism and normal function of the liver. This key role also assigns mitochondria a gateway function in the center of signaling pathways that mediate hepatocyte injury, because impaired mitochondrial functions affect cell survival and contribute to the onset and perpetuation of liver diseases. Altered mitochondrial functions have indeed been documented in a variety of chronic liver diseases including alcohol-induced liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, primary and secondary cholestasis, hemochromatosis, and Wilson's disease. Major changes include impairment of the electron transport chain and/or oxidative phosphorylation leading to decreased oxidative metabolism of various substrates, decreased ATP synthesis, and reduced hepatocyte tolerance towards stressing insults. Functional impairment of mitochondria is often accompanied by structural changes, resulting in organelle swelling and formation of inclusion in the mitochondrial matrix. Adequate mitochondrial functions in hepatocytes are maintained by mitochondrial proliferation and/or increased activity of critical enzymes. The assessment of mitochondrial functions in vivo can be a useful tool in liver diseases for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, and also for the evaluation of (novel) therapeutic interventions.
Evidence That Ligand and Metal Ion Binding to Integrin α4β1 Are Regulated through a Coupled Equilibrium (2001)

We have used the highly selective alpha(4)beta(1) inhibitor 2S-[(1-benzenesulfonyl-pyrrolidine-2S-carbonyl)-amino]-4-[4-methyl-2S-(methyl-[2-[4-(3-o-tolyl-ureido)-phenyl]-acetyl]-amino)-pentanoylamino]-butyric acid (BIO7662) as a model ligand to study alpha(4)beta(1) integrin-ligand interactions on Jurkat cells. Binding of [(35)S]BIO7662 to Jurkat cells was dependent on the presence of divalent cations and could be blocked by treatment with an excess of unlabeled inhibitor or with EDTA. K(D) values for the binding of BIO7662 to Mn(2+)-activated alpha(4)beta(1) and to the nonactivated state of the integrin that exists in 1 mm Mg(2+), 1 mm Ca(2+) were <10 pm, indicating that it has a high affinity for both activated and nonactivated integrin. No binding was observed on alpha(4)beta(1) negative cells. Through an analysis of the metal ion dependences of ligand binding, several unexpected findings about alpha(4)beta(1) function were made. First, we observed that Ca(2+) binding to alpha(4)beta(1) was stimulated by the addition of BIO7662. From solution binding studies on purified alpha(4)beta(1), two types of Ca(2+)-binding sites were identified, one dependent upon and the other independent of BIO7662 binding. Second, we observed that the metal ion dependence of ligand binding was affected by the affinity of the ligand for alpha(4)beta(1). ED(50) values for the metal ion dependence of the binding of BIO7762 and the binding of a lower affinity ligand, BIO1211, differed by 2-fold for Mn(2+), 30-fold for Mg(2+), and >1000-fold for Ca(2+). Low Ca(2+) (ED(50) = 5-10 microm) stimulated the binding of BIO7662 to alpha(4)beta(1). The effects of microm Ca(2+) closely resembled the effects of Mn(2+) on alpha(4)beta(1) function. Third, we observed that the rate of BIO7662 binding was dependent on the metal ion concentration and that the ED(50) for the metal ion dependence of BIO7662 binding was affected by the concentration of the BIO7662. These studies point to an even more complex interplay between metal ion and ligand binding than previously appreciated and provide evidence for a three-component coupled equilibrium model for metal ion-dependent binding of ligands to alpha(4)beta(1).
Advances in In Situ Ultra-High Vacuum Electron Microscopy: Growth of SiGe on Si (2000)

▪ Abstract In situ Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV) electron microscopy, including Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) at 300 keV electron energy and Low-Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM) at 0-30 eV electron energy, has advanced enormously over the last decade. Growth of thin films such as epitaxial Si 1−x Ge x alloy thin films on Si substrates has become routine, allowing high-resolution video-rate studies of processes such as misfit dislocation injection and interaction, surface roughening and faceting, self-assembly of quantum dots, and shape transitions in such quantum dots. We review results obtained in the SiGe/Si system in the last five years. In addition we discuss new directions in in situ electron microscopy as they apply to thin film formation in a range of materials and environments. [ Erratum ]
664. Perfluoroalkyl derivatives of nitrogen. Part IV. The synthesis, properties and infrared spectra of perfluoroalkyl isocyanates and carbamates (1956)

D. A. Barr and R. N. Haszeldine, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 3428 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560003428
Platelet effects on tissue factor and fibrinolytic inhibition of cultured human fibroblasts and vascular cells (1982)

Platelets stimulate tissue factor, the initiator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, and increase fibrinolytic inhibition in fibroblasts grown in vitro. Cellular tissue factor increases an average of 2.8-fold over the control levels after a 6-hr incubation with platelets, and no activity is present in the media. Fibrinolytic inhibition is stimulated in both the fibroblasts and their media in the presence of platelets and accumulates throughout a 24-hr incubation. Neither leukocytes nor erythrocytes stimulate these changes. Both tissue factor and fibrinolytic inhibition increases are dependent on platelet concentration and are blocked by inhibitors of RNA or protein synthesis. Control smooth muscle cells have higher tissue factor and fibrinolytic inhibition than fibroblasts, but their response to the presence of platelets is similar. Confluent monolayers of endothelial cells have very low levels of tissue factor that are not altered by the presence of platelets. However, the ability of endothelial cells to inhibit fibrinolysis is enhanced by the presence of platelets. The fraction that stimulates tissue factor and fibrinolytic inhibition is distinct from platelet-derived growth factor and from the fraction that enhances leukocyte tissue factor. It is associated with an insoluble, nonmitogenic fraction that is not inactivated by phospholipase C, or diisopropylfluorophosphate, nor is it chloroform:methanol extractable. Platelets are a physiologic modulator for both cellular tissue factor and the fibrinolytic system in vitro.
Bicyclic Homologs of Piperazine. Synthesis of 8-Methyl-3,8-diazabicyclooctanes. I (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBicyclic Homologs of Piperazine. Synthesis of 8-Methyl-3,8-diazabicyclooctanes. IGIORGIO CIGNARELLA and GIANGIACOMO NATHANSOHNCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 5, 1500–1504Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01064a046RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views457Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (558 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Acquisition of regulatory function by human CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells treated with anti‐CD3 antibody requires TNF (2010)

Anti-CD3 mAb can modulate graft rejection and attenuate autoimmune diseases but their mechanism(s) of action remain unclear. CD8(+) T cells with regulatory function are induced in vitro by Teplizumab, a humanized anti-CD3 antibody and inhibit responses of autologous and allogeneic T cells. They inhibit CD4(+) T-cell proliferation by mechanisms involving TNF and CCL4, and by blocking target cell entry into G2/M phase of cell cycle but neither kill them, nor compete for IL-2. CD8(+) Treg can be isolated from peripheral blood following treatment of patients with Type 1 diabetes with Teplizumab, but not from untreated patients. The induction of CD8(+) Treg by anti-CD3 mAb requires TNF and signaling through the NF-κB cascade. The CD8(+) Treg express CD25, glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family, CTLA-4, Foxp3, and TNFR2, and the combined expression of TNFR2 and CD25 identifies a potent subpopulation of CD8(+) Treg. These studies have identified a novel mechanism of immune regulation by anti-CD3 mAb and markers that may be used to track inducible CD8(+) Treg in settings such as chronic inflammation or immune therapy.
Transient-to-digital converter for ESD protection design in microelectronic systems (2008)

An on-chip transient-to-digital converter for system-level electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection is proposed. The proposed transient-to-digital converter is designed to detect fast electrical transients during the system-level ESD events. The output digital thermometer codes can correspond to different ESD voltages under system-level ESD tests. The experimental results in a 0.18-μm CMOS integrated circuit (IC) with 3.3-V devices have confirmed the detection function and digital output codes.
A Ring Model for Direction-Selective Simple Cells in the Visual Cortex (1997)

Experimental studies have shown that (1) direction-selective simple cells in the visual cortex have spatiotemporally inseparable receptive fields, whose spatial profiles at a given time are described by Gabor functions: a sinusoid multiplied by a Gaussian, with a phase parameter; (2) among simple cells, the phases are distributed not merely at 0 and pi/2 as for sine and cosine Gabor functions, but uniformly between 0 and 2pi (DeAngelis et al, 1993 Journal of Neurophysiology69 1091 – 1117); (3) anatomically, these simple cells receive inputs more from other cortical cells than from the lateral geniculate body (LGN) (Ahmed et al, 1994 Journal of Comparative Neurology341 39 – 49). We accordingly propose here a neural model for the simple cells whose receptive fields are assumed to be of the same spatial position and orientation. In the model, several cortical cells are arranged in a ring with mutual excitatory and inhibitory connections, and receive afferent signals from lagged and nonlagged cells in LGN (Saul and Humphrey, 1990 Journal of Neurophysiology64 206 – 224). Computer simulation shows that the cortical cells have spatiotemporally inseparable receptive fields with spatial profiles described by Gabor functions, and are directionally selective to a moving grating. The cells are found to be arranged so that their Gabor phases vary regularly from 0 to 2pi with rotation along the ring. The connection among the cortical cells has a role of amplification as in the canonical microcircuit model (Douglas et al, 1989 Neural Computation1 480 – 488).
Peut-on enquêter sur l'égalité professionnelle sans intervenir ? Retour sur une recherche en entreprise  (2011)

National audience
Seed development in peas: knowing your three ‘r's’ (or four, or five) (1991)

Abstract The value of the garden pea ( Pisum sativum ) both as an experimental tool and food crop has led to an accumulated wealth of genetic variation. This paper describes how some of the variation may be harnessed for studying seed development. One can identify genotypic differences for maternal, embryonic and cellular components and the interaction between them. The impact of these components on processes such as cell division, partitioning and the deposition of storage products can then be assessed by utilizing new techniques such as immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. The rugosus loci, which induce wrinkling of the seed, are examples of how major genes can be exploited to dissect seed development. Alleles at one of these loci, r , have been defined at both the molecular and biochemical levels. A much clearer picture can now be drawn of the pleiotropic nature of the genes, from their effects on starch composition to those on cellular development, which has implications for seed development in many species. The rugosus loci are the only ones known to affect seed development in peas. By analogy with cereal seeds, however, one would anticipate other mutants in the starch pathway which also affect the shape of the seed. Here, we report the induction of new rugosus -like mutants, compare them to starch mutants in other species and examine the ways in which they may help our understanding of starch biosynthesis and the regulation of seed development.
Oxidation Leading to Reduction: Redox‐Induced Electron Transfer (RIET) (2008)

Complex electron transfer reactions have been characterized whereby in addition to electron transfer, subsequent electrochemical, chemical and even in some cases biological consequences occur. These include a secondary electron transfer that leads to a major rearrangement of the electronic structure, such that an initial oxidation leads to a reduction (or an initial reduction leads to an oxidation) for these valence ambiguous compounds. Mixed valency and valence-tautomeric behaviors can additionally result from these complex electron-transfer-induced reactions.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRAF6 Intercedes in Starvation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy through Multiple Mechanisms (2012)

Starvation, like many other catabolic conditions, induces loss of skeletal muscle mass by promoting fiber atrophy. In addition to the canonical processes, the starvation-induced response employs many distinct pathways that make it a unique atrophic program. However, in the multiplex of the underlying mechanisms, several components of starvation-induced atrophy have yet to be fully understood and their roles and interplay remain to be elucidated. Here we unveiled the role of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), a unique E3 ubiquitin ligase and adaptor protein, in starvation-induced muscle atrophy. Targeted ablation of TRAF6 suppresses the expression of key regulators of atrophy, including MAFBx, MuRF1, p62, LC3B, Beclin1, Atg12, and Fn14. Ablation of TRAF6 also improved the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO3a and inhibited the activation of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase in skeletal muscle in response to starvation. In addition, our study provides the first evidence of the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolding protein response pathways in starvation-induced muscle atrophy and its regulation through TRAF6. Finally, our results also identify lysine 63-linked autoubiquitination of TRAF6 as a process essential for its regulatory role in starvation-induced muscle atrophy.
High-speed concurrent fault simulation with vectors and scalars (1980)

Basic goals for logic and fault simulation are accuracy, execution speed, and modeling ease. Accuracy means that adequate state and timing detail must be maintained, and that good and faulted networks must be simulated with equal accuracy. High speed simulation is desirable to perform massive fault simulations of large networks, and modeling ease is desirable to build models easily and quickly.
Neural learning in automatic fuzzy systems synthesis (2005)

This paper presents a self-organizing neural structure with neuron relocation features. The neural net is used in the automatic synthesis of a dynamic self-organizing fuzzy system (DSOFS). The neural relocation learning provides a way to add, adapt and/or remove the fuzzy rules and the reference fuzzy sets of the DSOFS. The neural equivalent of modifying the DSOFS rules is adding and/or disposing the neurons while learning the input-output behaviour. This algorithm extends the topological ordering concept. A basin of attraction is supposed for every neuron (fuzzy rule) as a ground for the fuzzy reference sets construction. The DSOFS synthesis in a pattern recognition problem is showed.
The changing landscape of ePortfolios: A case study in one Australian university (2014)

<p>The potential of ePortfolios for both students and staff has generated considerable interest and investment by universities over the past ten years or so within Australia. Despite funded projects, ePortfolio specific conferences and a range of commercial and open software, there is not wide spread uptake of ePortfolios, although many universities continue to try and test a range of different options. This paper reports upon the experience of an Australian university when considering implementation and uptake of ePortfolio technology between 2008 and 2011. It describes the technological and sectoral factors that have to some extent shaped Australian ePortfolio context and affected the institutional ePortfolio initiative at Griffith University.</p>