gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micro-ecology of peat: minimally invasive analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy, membrane inlet mass spectrometry and PCR amplification of methanogen-specific gene sequences (1998)

A peat monolith (15 cm diameter, 35 cm length) from Ellergower Moss (New Galloway, Scotland), kept outdoors and maintained water-saturated, was investigated for the distributions of gases (O P , CO P , CH R ), micro-organisms, total archaeal DNA and methanogen DNA.From the water table (at the surface of the Sphagnum), a steep oxycline gave 6 0.25 WM O P at 2 cm depth (as shown by membrane inlet mass spectrometry and oxygen electrode methods) and 6 10 nM O P at 6 cm depth (photobacterium gas diffusion probe).Redox potential measurements indicated a steep decline between 6 cm and 13 cm to a value of 390 mV.At the oxic surface of the peat, CO P measured 0.5 mM and CH R 6 1 WM.Below 7 cm both gases increased to plateaux at 2 mM and 550 WM, respectively ; CH R concentrations also indicated two distinct zones (7 WM to 2.5 cm depth, then to 28 WM at between 3 and 6 cm).Confocal laser scanning microscopy using the fluorophores 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride or 3,3-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide was used to image micro-organisms with redox active electron transport activities or transmembrane electrochemical potentials, respectively.Samples from 1^5 cm depth showed the presence of active aerobic organisms, whereas those from 10 and 20 cm depth were more active anaerobically, and especially so under H P .Archaeal DNA was present throughout the core; strongest hybridisation was below 9 cm.Two methanogen-specific primers, ME1 and ME2 (which amplify a region of the K-subunit of methyl coenzyme M reductase), hybridised with DNA extracted from below 9 cm depth.Here we describe the concerted application of a number of techniques providing direct information on the precise location and activities of microbes involved in the flux of gases from peatlands.
Propofol Causes Vasodilation In Vivo via TRPA1 Ion Channels: Role of Nitric Oxide and BKCa Channels (2015)

These data demonstrate for the first time that propofol-induced depressor responses in vivo are predominantly mediated by TRPA1 ion channels with no involvement of TRPV1 ion channels and includes activation of both NOS and BKCa channels.
Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry: A review (2018)

Distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS) offer unprecedented features, the most unique one of which is the ability of monitoring variations of the physical and chemical parameters with spatial continuity along the fiber. Among all these distributed sensing techniques, optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) has been given tremendous attention because of its high spatial resolution and large dynamic range. In addition, DOFS based on OFDR have been used to sense many parameters. In this review, we will survey the key technologies for improving sensing range, spatial resolution and sensing performance in DOFS based on OFDR. We also introduce the sensing mechanisms and the applications of DOFS based on OFDR including strain, stress, vibration, temperature, 3D shape, flow, refractive index, magnetic field, radiation, gas and so on.
Subterfuge and Sabotage: Evasion of Host Innate Defenses by Invasive Gram-Positive Bacterial Pathogens (2014)

The development of a severe invasive bacterial infection in an otherwise healthy individual is one of the most striking and fascinating aspects of human medicine. A small cadre of gram-positive pathogens of the genera Streptococcus and Staphylococcus stand out for their unique invasive disease potential and sophisticated ability to counteract the multifaceted components of human innate defense. This review illustrates how these leading human disease agents evade host complement deposition and activation, impede phagocyte recruitment and activation, resist the microbicidal activities of host antimicrobial peptides and reactive oxygen species, escape neutrophil extracellular traps, and promote and accelerate phagocyte cell death through the action of pore-forming cytolysins. Understanding the molecular basis of bacterial innate immune resistance can open new avenues for therapeutic intervention geared to disabling specific virulence factors and resensitizing the pathogen to host innate immune clearance.
Improvements in aluminum-silicon Schottky barriers due to processing with a pulsed ruby laser (1981)

Improvements in Schottky barrier characteristics (increases in barrier heights and reductions in n-values or ideality factors) have been obtained for aluminum-n-type silicon contacts upon irradiation of single (1 msec) pulses from a ruby laser (λ = 0.694 µm). Increases in φ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</inf> of up to 0.2 volts and decreases in n by a factor of ≃ 2 have been observed for optical pulse energies in the range of 25-40 J cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> .
Real-Time Prediction of Intermediate-Horizon Automotive Collision Risk (2018)

Advanced collision avoidance and driver hand-off systems can benefit from the ability to accurately predict, in real time, the probability a vehicle will be involved in a collision within an intermediate horizon of 10 to 20 seconds. The rarity of collisions in real-world data poses a significant challenge to developing this capability because, as we demonstrate empirically, intermediate-horizon risk prediction depends heavily on high-dimensional driver behavioral features. As a result, a large amount of data is required to fit an effective predictive model. In this paper, we assess whether simulated data can help alleviate this issue. Focusing on highway driving, we present a three-step approach for generating data and fitting a predictive model capable of real-time prediction. First, high-risk automotive scenes are generated using importance sampling on a learned Bayesian network scene model. Second, collision risk is estimated through Monte Carlo simulation. Third, a neural network domain adaptation model is trained on real and simulated data to address discrepancies between the two domains. Experiments indicate that simulated data can mitigate issues resulting from collision rarity, thereby improving risk prediction in real-world data.
Color Rendition Using Three-Dimensional Interpolation (1988)

A precise, multi-purpose color reproduction algorithm is introduced. This algorithm adopts 3-dimensional interpolation instead of matrix maskings or formulas. To install this calculation algorithm in devices, a simplified circuit using several LUT(ROM/RAM) and one multiplier/accumulator was developed. It can be operated up to 2 MHz pixel frequencies and its calculation error is estimated to be less than one-tenth of conventional method.
Reconfigurable Microfluidic Magnetic Valve Arrays: Towards a Radiotherapy-Compatible Spheroid Culture Platform for the Combinatorial Screening of Cancer Therapies (2017)

We introduce here a microfluidic cell culture platform or spheroid culture chamber array (SCCA) that can synthesize, culture, and enable fluorescence imaging of 3D cell aggregates (typically spheroids) directly on-chip while specifying the flow of reagents in each chamber via the use of an array of passive magnetic valves. The SCCA valves demonstrated sufficient resistance to burst (above 100 mBar), including after receiving radiotherapy (RT) doses of up to 8 Gy combined with standard 37 °C incubation for up to 7 days, enabling the simultaneous synthesis of multiple spheroids from different cell lines on the same array. Our results suggest that SCCA would be an asset in drug discovery processes, seeking to identify combinatorial treatments.
La propiedad de la tierra como fuente de poder local. Santa Fe entre el voto censitario y el sufragio universal (1993)

La propiedad de la tierra como fuente de poder local. Santa Fe entre el voto censitario y el sufragio universal
L-probe proximity-fed annular ring microstrip antennas (2001)

A broadband single-layer annular ring microstrip antenna fed by an L-shaped probe is studied. It achieves, for the TM/sub 11/ mode, an impedance bandwidth of about 24% [standing wave ratio (SWR) /spl les/2], a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 33%, and a maximum gain of 7.5 dBi. For the TM/sub 12/ mode, an impedance bandwidth of about 27% (SWR /spl les/2), a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 15.5% and a peak gain of 10.3 dBi are obtained. A foam substrate of thickness around 10% of the operating wavelength in free-space is used as the supporting substrate. The far-field radiation patterns are stable across the passband.
THE ORBITAL FUEL METERING SYSTEM (1982)

This paper describes the development of a cost-effective advanced fuel metering system for the spark ignited internal combustion engine. The orbital fuel metering (ofm) system employs pneumatic means for metering and atomising the fuel delivered to an engine. This feature allows use of parts which have reduced tolerancing requirements with consequent reductions in machining cost and complexity, and low rates of deterioration in use. The unique mixture preparation has important technical advantages, notably in the ability to finely atomise alcohol as well as petroleum-based fuels. Development testing has demonstrated advanced metering accuracy and range with consequent consistency of cylinder- to-cylinder air fuel ratio, and advanced steady state and driving cycle (cvs) performances. A number of levels of control sophistication have been evaluated, ranging from mechanical control to totally electronic control, with intermediate systems of hybrid design. Each level of control has show different levels of cost-benefit. Details of the operating principle and test results are discussed together with development planned for the future. (Author/TRRL)
R&D Needs-Drying of Sludges (1996)

ABSTRACT Sludge management is very important subject for the environmental issue in many industrialized countries, because its generated volume is the largest in all generated wastes. In sludge management field, role of drying is becoming more needful as increase of difficulty for sludge disposal and need for sludge drying is expected in the future. In this paper, the present status of drying of construction sludge, food industry sludge and municipal sludge are mentioned as concrete examples. To respond these needs, it is necessary to advance further R & D
Increased Mammalian Lifespan and a Segmental and Tissue-Specific Slowing of Aging after Genetic Reduction of mTOR Expression (2013)

We analyzed aging parameters using a mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) hypomorphic mouse model. Mice with two hypomorphic (mTOR(Δ/Δ)) alleles are viable but express mTOR at approximately 25% of wild-type levels. These animals demonstrate reduced mTORC1 and mTORC2 activity and exhibit an approximately 20% increase in median survival. While mTOR(Δ/Δ) mice are smaller than wild-type mice, these animals do not demonstrate any alterations in normalized food intake, glucose homeostasis, or metabolic rate. Consistent with their increased lifespan, mTOR(Δ/Δ) mice exhibited a reduction in a number of aging tissue biomarkers. Functional assessment suggested that, as mTOR(Δ/Δ) mice age, they exhibit a marked functional preservation in many, but not all, organ systems. Thus, in a mammalian model, while reducing mTOR expression markedly increases overall lifespan, it affects the age-dependent decline in tissue and organ function in a segmental fashion.
Activated Biochar: A Green and Low-Cost Electrode Material for Capacitor Applications (2013)

Abstract not Available.
ESnap - A Cached Dependent Snapshot System (2007)

Snapshot technology is becoming prevalent to perform data protection and other tasks such as data mining and data cloning. To improve the performance and reliability of the traditional Linux LVM snapshot, we propose a novel cached dependent snapshot system, ESnap. ESnap decreases the total amount of data copy effectively using the data dependency among snapshot volumes. A new snapshot metadata organization scheme is designed to support massive snapshot volumes and the corresponding read/write algorithms are put forward. Also the automatic extending of snapshot volumes is implemented in ESnap to avoid the failure of the whole dependent snapshot chain due to space overflow of one snapshot. experimental results show that ESnap has higher performance, reliability and the resource utilization rate than traditional Linux LVM snapshot system.
681. The structure of o-iodosobenzoic acid and of certain derivatives (1965)

G. P. Baker, F. G. Mann, N. Sheppard and A. J. Tetlow, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 3721 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650003721
Introduction of All-Hydrocarbon <i>i</i>,<i>i</i>+3 Staples into α-Helices via Ring-Closing Olefin Metathesis (2010)

The introduction of all-hydrocarbon i,i+3 staples into alpha-helical peptide scaffolds via ring-closing olefin metathesis (RCM) between two alpha-methyl,alpha-pentenylglycine residues incorporated at i and i+3 positions, which lie on the same face of the helix, has been investigated. The reactions were found to be highly dependent upon the side-chain stereochemistry of the amino acids undergoing RCM. The i,i+3 stapling system established here provides a potentially useful alternative to the well-established i,i+4 stapling system now in widespread use.
Incorporating Intra-Class Variance to Fine-Grained Visual Recognition (2017)

Fine-grained visual recognition aims to capture discriminative characteristics amongst visually similar categories. The state-of-the-art research work has significantly improved the fine-grained recognition performance by deep metric learning using triplet network. However, the impact of intra-category variance on the performance of recognition and robust feature representation has not been well studied. In this paper, we propose to leverage intra-class variance in metric learning of triplet network to improve the performance of fine-grained recognition. Through partitioning training images within each category into a few groups, we form the triplet samples across different categories as well as different groups, which is called Group Sensitive TRiplet Sampling (GS-TRS). Accordingly, the triplet loss function is strengthened by incorporating intra-class variance with GS-TRS, which may contribute to the optimization objective of triplet network. Extensive experiments over benchmark datasets CompCar and VehicleID show that the proposed GS-TRS has significantly outperformed state-of-the-art approaches in both classification and retrieval tasks.
An Algorithm for Evaluating the Performance of Adaptive Filters for the Removal of Artifacts in ECG Signals (2007)

Filtering electrocardiogram (ECG) signals calls for a filter whose impulse response can be automatically adjusted according to the varying characteristics of the signal and artifacts. In order to eliminate effectively the artifacts in ECG signals, we propose the unbiased linear artificial neural network (ULANN) as a new type of adaptive filter. This paper compares the performance of the ULANN filter with the prevailing least-mean-squares (LMS) and recursive-least-squares (RLS) adaptive filters, for the removal of artifacts in noisy ECG signals. The measures of performance include the root-mean-squared error, a normalized correlation coefficient (MX), and entropy. A template derived from each ECG signal is used as a reference to derive the measures. The NCC values for the ULANN, LMS, and RLS filter, averaged over 22 ECG signals, are 0.9956 plusmn 0.0022, 0.9948 plusmn 0.0020, and 0.9940 plusmn 0.0026, respectively. The results indicate that the ULANN filter provides filtered signals with the highest waveshape fidelity among the three filters studied.
Pooling Nasopharyngeal/Throat Swab Specimens To Increase Testing Capacity for Influenza Viruses by PCR (2011)

Real-time PCR methodology can be applied to rapidly and accurately detect influenza viruses. During times of surge testing or enhanced pandemic surveillance, public health laboratories (PHLs) may experience overwhelming demand for testing, even while the prevalence of positive specimens remains low. To improve laboratory capacity and testing efficiency during surges, we evaluated whether nasopharyngeal (NP)/throat swab specimens can be pooled and tested for the presence of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus without a reduction in sensitivity. Pools of 10 specimens were extracted and concentrated upon elution on the MagNA Pure LC instrument, and real-time PCR was performed on the Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast platform, using the CDC swine influenza virus real-time RT-PCR detection panel (rRT-PCR swine flu panel). Specimens in positive pools were singly re-extracted and retested by PCR to identify individual positive samples. Initial studies showed that spiking a pool of nine negative specimens (100 μl each) or 900 μl of virus transport medium with 100 μl of a positive clinical specimen caused no loss of sensitivity by rRT-PCR testing. Pools containing either multiple positive specimens or specimens positive for other respiratory viruses also showed no negative effect on crossing threshold (C(T)) values. To test the robustness of the pooling protocol, a panel of 50 blinded samples was sent to three PHLs and tested in five pools of 10. All PHLs correctly identified the positive specimens. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a pooling strategy to increase capacity and conserve resources during surge testing and periods of enhanced influenza surveillance when the prevalence is low.
Constitutional Growth Delay Pattern of Growth in Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome: Longitudinal follow up and final height of two cases (2008)

We report two patients with velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) who were admitted to our pediatric endocrinology clinic because of short stature and followed longitudinally until attainment of final height. Both patients followed a growth pattern consistent with constitutional delay of puberty with normal and near normal final height. Case 2 also had partial growth hormone (GH) deficiency and severe short stature (height SDS -3.4 SDS), but showed spontaneous catch-up and ended up with a final height of -2 SDS. These cases suggest that short stature in children with VCFS is due to a pattern of growth similar to that observed in constitutional delay of growth and puberty.
Enhancement of antineoplastic effects of cisplatin by calmodulin antagonists in nude mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma. (1987)

The present study was designed to potentiate the antineoplastic effects of cisplatin by combination with calmodulin antagonists [N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) and N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-5)] in nude mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma. Tumor growth of nude mice treated with W-7 or W-5 combined with cisplatin was significantly inhibited, compared to that of nude mice treated with W-7 alone, W-5 alone, or cisplatin alone. Although treatment with cisplatin alone markedly inhibited lytic activity of spleen cells from tumor-bearing nude mice against the tumor cells, the inhibitory effect was eliminated by combination with W-7 or W-5. There was no significant difference in survival time among untreated, cisplatin-treated, W-7-treated, and W-5-treated groups. Only when cisplatin was followed by W-7 or W-5 was a significant enhancement by W-7 or W-5 of the antitumor effect of cisplatin observed with respect to inhibition of tumor growth as well as prolongation of survival time.
What is a good evaluation measure for semantic segmentation? (2013)

In this work, we consider the evaluation of the semantic segmentation task. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the few existing measures, and propose new ways to evaluate semantic segmentation. First, we argue that a per-image score instead of one computed over the entire dataset brings a lot more insight. Second, we propose to take contours more carefully into account. Based on the conducted experiments, we suggest best practices for the evaluation. Finally, we present a user study we conducted to better understand how the quality of image segmentations is perceived by humans.
New interesting leakage behavior on coplanar waveguides of finite and infinite widths (1991)

Above a critical frequency, the dominant mode on coplanar waveguide leaks power in the form of a surface wave on the surrounding substrate, causing undesirable crosstalk and unexpected package effects. Studies revealing several interesting behavioral features are discussed. The features are the conditions under which the leakage rate is strong or weak, the significant modifications in leakage behavior that occur when the CPW width changes from finite to infinite, and the presence of unexpected sharp minima (cancellation effects) in the leakage rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A broad-band packet switch for multi-service communications (2003)

An investigation is presented of the performance, for multiservice traffic, of a high-capacity, fast packet switch based on a nonbuffered, multistage interconnection network, implemented from identical LSI switching elements. It is shown that for an implementation operating at 30 Mb/s, switches with a total traffic capacity of up to 50 Gb/s can be constructed. If the voice class traffic load is limited on each switch port to a maximum of 80% of saturation, a maximum delay across the switch of on the order of 200 mu s can be guaranteed, for every voice-class connection, regardless of the total traffic load on the switch.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Options for a new efficient, compatible, flexible 3D standard (2009)

Recently the interest in 3D video has significantly increased (as eg. could be seen on the consumer electronics show CES 2009). Because there is a lack of one clear recognized 3D standard, various different (proprietary or non-proprietary) standards or solutions are starting to enter the market already based on stereo where some kind of spatial sub-sampling is being applied. To avoid consumer confusion and to ensure support of many different display types and sizes, a flexible, generic, scalable, compatible 3D video standard would therefore be highly desirable on short notice. This paper presents objectives and some options for realizing such a generic 3D standard.