gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Doublecortin expression in the adult rat telencephalon (2001)

Doublecortin (DCX) is a protein required for normal neuronal migration in the developing cerebral cortex, where it is widely expressed in both radially and tangentially migrating neuroblasts. Moreover, it has been observed in the adult rostral migratory stream, which contains the neuronal precursors traveling to the olfactory bulb. We have performed DCX immunocytochemistry in the adult rat brain to identify precisely the neuronal populations expressing this protein. Our observations confirm the presence of DCX immunoreactive cells with the characteristic morphology of migrating neuroblasts in the subventricular zone, rostral migratory stream and the main and accessory olfactory bulbs. We have also found putative migratory cells expressing DCX in regions were no adult neuronal migration has been described, as the corpus callosum, the piriform cortex layer III/endopiriform nucleus and the striatum. Surprisingly, many cells with the phenotype of differentiated neurons were DCX immunoreactive; e.g. certain granule neurons in the hilar border of the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, some neuronal types in the piriform cortex layer II, granule and periglomerular neurons in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, and isolated cells in the striatum. Almost all DCX immunoreactive cells also express the polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule and have a similar distribution to rat collapsin receptor-mediated protein-4, two molecules involved in neuronal structural plasticity. Given these results, we hypothesize that DCX expression in differentiated neurons could be related to its capacity for microtubule reorganization and that this fact could be linked to axonal outgrowth or synaptogenesis.
Meta-Parameter Free Unsupervised Sparse Feature Learning (2014)

We propose a meta-parameter free, off-the-shelf, simple and fast unsupervised feature learning algorithm, which exploits a new way of optimizing for sparsity. Experiments on CIFAR-10, STL-10 and UCMerced show that the method achieves the state-of-the-art performance, providing discriminative features that generalize well.
Design of Ultra-High Strength Sheet Steel Beams (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Cold-rolled sheet steels with yield strengths from 50 to 180 ksi have been used for bumper reinforcement beams. As yield strength increases, thickness can be decreased. However, at reduced sheet thickness, the maximum load capacity of a given beam is influenced by local buckling. Ultra-high strength sheet steel beams were tested in bending to establish a data base from which an empirical relationship to predict the maximum load could be derived.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A statistical relationship is shown to exist between sheet thickness, overall beam height, tensile strength, and the observed maximum load with an error of ±12%. The equation to predict maximum load is valid for a number of loading arrangements. Using the relationship developed, beams of lesser height and greater thickness can be designed and still maintain similar maximum load capacity.</div>
Fabrication of Fine Zeolite with Improved Catalytic Properties by Bead Milling and Alkali Treatment (2010)

Zeolites with high external surface area allow diffusing reactants greater access to catalytically active sites, which has lead to interest in the preparation of nano-zeolites. In this study, a top-down approach has been used, first milling the zeolite to produce a fine powder. This technique can cause destruction of the outer portion of the zeolite framework, which deactivates the catalyst. To remedy this, the damaged part was removed using an alkaline solution after bead milling treatment. As a result, the designed zeolite powder yielded almost twice the amount of benzene compared with the raw zeolite when cumene was cracking into benzene and propylene.
LEVELS OF GLUTATHIONES TRANSFERASE π mRNA IN HUMAN LUNG CANCER CELL LINES CORRELATE WITH THE RESISTANCE TO CISPLATIN AND CARBOPLATIN (1988)

The amounts of mRNA for glutathione S transferase pi (GST pi) were significantly lower in 3 human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines than in 3 non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. The sensitivities of the 3 SCLC cell lines to cisplatin and carboplatin were much higher than those of the 3 NSCLC cell lines. These results indicate that low levels of GST pi mRNA expression in SCLC cell lines inversely correlate to high sensitivity to cisplatin and carboplatin, and further suggest that GST pi may play an important role in intracellular inactivation of these drugs.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (2002)

Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is an internationally recognized chemical that has been used for years because of its wide field of application. Initially used as a water-based paint and wood preservative and then in metalworking fluids, its role has expanded into the more recent uses in cosmetic products. The need for a potent, broad-spectrum, and safe preservative system in cosmetics allowed for the discovery of several combinations of IPBC effective against a wide variety of organisms. Although IPBC has claimed to be safe when used at concentrations less than 0.1%, the introduction of IPBC into cosmetics has led to several reports labeling IPBC as a potential new contact allergen. As the use of this seemingly safe preservative becomes vast, an increased number of cases of IPBC-induced contact allergy is likely.
Reliability and Usefulness of a New In Vivo Measurement System of the Pivot Shift (2006)

Residual pivot shift after ACL reconstruction is a crucial factor related to poor clinical outcome. However, no method exists that is able to evaluate pivot shift quantitatively and noninvasively. We propose a new measurement system for the pivot shift test using an electromagnetic device and have evaluated its reliability and clinical usefulness. Posterior translation, lateral translation and maximum velocity during the reduction phase of pivot shift were calculated and used as parameters for evaluation. In measurement system analysis, discrepancies of motion between the bones and the sensors were minimal, while reproducibility in repeated measurement was acceptable. Next, clinical usefulness was evaluated by correlating the values obtained by kinematic measurement with the clinical grade. We found differences in each of the measured parameters among clinical grades. These data suggest the system is a valuable measurement tool for clinical evaluation of the pivot shift test.
Money Demand and Inflation in Peru, 1979-91 (2000)

The author, a junior at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, won the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland?s first annual undergraduate economics essay competition in 2000. His essay, now reprinted as an Economic Commentary, explores the factors that affected money demand during a period of terrible hyperinflation in Peru and considers whether the government caused the hyperinflation by printing too much money in order to increase seigniorage revenue. Hyperinflation may seem to be a problem most countries have learned to avoid, but the leaders of many emerging economies face tough financial challenges. For some, generating revenue by overprinting currency to meet fiscal expenses may be a hard temptation to resist, but it is essential to recollect hyperinflation?s causes and its devastating consequences.
Slanted finger inter-digital transducers for the design of improved performance small shape factor mid-bandwidth SAW filters (2013)

The virtues of slanted finger inter-digital transducers, or SFITs, for the realization of wide band SAW filters are well proven. A combination of low in-band ripples and good stop band attenuation gives SFITs the added edge over conventional IDT techniques. However, when it comes to small shape factor mid-bandwidth filters, conventional IDT design has been the first choice, often leading to large filter chip lengths. What is ignored though is the size and performance advantage that SFITs can offer, in such cases. This paper describes how SFITs can be useful for the realization of high performance small shape factor SAW filters in a compact size. To illustrate the point, a linear-phase SAW filter using SFITs with a 10% fractional bandwidth at a centre frequency of 15.6 MHz and a 30 dB to 3 dB shape factor of 1.23 is designed and fabricated on Y-Z LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . A side lobe suppression of 35 dB is achieved. It is also shown how the use of conventional IDT technique for achieving the same specifications leads to a large filter length.
The immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) bleeding score: assessment of bleeding in patients with ITP (2007)

A method for objective quantification of bleeding symptoms in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has not been established. The ITP Bleeding Scale (IBLS) is a novel bleeding assessment system comprising 11 site-specific grades. Implementation of the IBLS on 100 patient visits revealed that although platelet count and large platelet count correlated well with bleeding symptoms overall, this relationship disappeared in marked thrombocytopenia. The IBLS is a useful clinical tool for monitoring bleeding and may be used to aid the development of laboratory parameters that correlate with underlying bleeding propensity in thrombocytopenia.
Activin B: Precursor Sequences, Genomic Structure and<i>in Vitro</i>Activities (1989)

We report here the complete amino acid sequence of the human inhibin beta B-subunit as deduced from the sequence of cDNA and genomic clones. The primary translation product of the beta B mRNA predicts a protein of 407 amino acids, containing a prepro region of 292 amino acids separated by basic amino acids from the mature C-terminal 115 amino acids. Mammalian tissue culture cells transfected with a beta B-subunit expression plasmid secreted an activin B homodimer of approximately 22K mol wt. Coexpression of the beta A- and beta B-subunit mRNAs resulted in the secretion of the three forms of activin, A, AB, and B. Purified activin B was shown to elicit FSH release in an in vitro pituitary assay and trigger the accumulation of hemoglobin in K562 cells. The potency of activin B in both of these assays (ED50 approximately 2 ng/ml) was indistinguishable from that observed for activin A.
Proposal of Artificial Mark to Measure 3D Pose by Monocular Vision (2007)

To measure a 3D pose of the objects, we propose an artificial mark attached to objects. We propose three differently shaped marks, all of which have four point features. To measure the marks, the image processing system extracts the point features using edge extraction, erosion, and color extraction. Through measurement experiments, we compared error characteristic of these marks. The results showed that color extraction, which uses the simplest image processing method, was most robust when a mark was measured from various poses (mean of error: 10.4deg, mean of std. dev.: 7.06deg, worst std. dev.: 24.7deg) or was attached to the surface. Moreover, the mark enabled the shortest measurement time (0.478s/6marks). The usefulness of the mark with color extraction was verified through the success of an experiment in which a manipulator handled three marked objects.
Reproductive Performance of Seabirds: The Importance of Population and Colony Size (1986)

Abstract We compared reproductive performance of five species of seabirds at two colonies, St. George Island (2.5 million birds) and St. Paul Island (250,000 birds), in the southeastern Bering Sea. All species had lower chick growth rates at the larger colony, and the differences were statistically significant in four species. Fledge weights of Common Murres (Uria aalge) on St. George Island were 84-88% of those on St. Paul. Average fledge weights of Thick-billed Murres (Uria lomvia) on St. George were only 74% of those for chicks from St. Paul. We found no significant differences in clutch size or breeding success between populations breeding at the two colonies. For three species, Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), Common Murres, and Thick-billed Murres, we extended our analysis to include published data from other colonies. We examined breeding performance as a function of colony size, population size (suggestive of intraspecific competition), and "effective colony size," the sum of the populations of species with considerable dietary overlap (suggestive of interspecific competition for food). We found consistently negative relationships between population size and several measures of breeding performance (clutch size, growth rate, fledge weight, and breeding success). In addition to the lower breeding success at colonies that support large populations, chicks from these colonies may be subject to higher postfledging mortality because of fledging at lower weights.
Statistical Optimization of Process Variables In A Continuous Inkjet Process – A Case Study (2008)

This paper investigates a statistical approach to optimizing the process variables in a Continuous Inkjet Process. In a continuous inkjet (CIJ) process miniaturized fluid droplets are deposited onto substrates for microfabrication. A critical aspect of this fabrication process is the precise generation of droplets based on various input parameters. In this research ultra high speed photography was employed to observe the effect of input parameters such as fluid pressure, frequency, and voltage of a piezoelectric disc on the droplet volume. In order to identify the most significant parameters a factor screening test was performed based on a full factorial design. Based on the ANOVA results, it was revealed that fluid pressure, piezoelectric disc frequency and their interaction were the significant factors that affected the droplet volume. A response surface optimization was conducted to determine the variation on droplet volume based the significant factors. A second-order response surface is established that captures the droplet volume variation over the ranges of the input parameters. The results of this study are vital in determining optimal values of the significant input parameters for microfabrication of electronic devices and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) components using direct write technology.
Dispersion in total cost of care for Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer receiving FDA-approved/NCCN Category 1 regimens at teaching versus non-teaching institutions. (2021)

e16244 Background: Teaching institutions receive additional funding from Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to provide specialized, quality care. Objectives: To analyze the dispersion in total cost of care (TCOC) for Medicare FFS patients (pts) with metastatic pancreatic cancer (m-PANC) treated at teaching (teach) or non-teaching (non-teach) institutions. Methods: We identified pts with m-PANC using ICD-9/10 diagnosis codes in the 2016-18 Medicare Parts A/B/D 100% Research Identifiable Files. Study pts had 2+ claims with a pancreatic cancer diagnosis and Medicare FFS coverage for 6 months pre- and 3 months post-metastasis diagnosis. Study pts were treated with NCCN Category 1 regimens: 1L gemcitabine monotherapy (gem-mono), 1L gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (gem-nab), 1L FOLFIRINOX (FFX), and 2L liposomal irinotecan-based regimen (nal-IRI). Pts were attributed to teach or non-teach institutions based on plurality of chemotherapy claims. TCOC reflects insurer-paid services per line of therapy (LOT) for 3 categories: chemotherapy/supportive drugs (chemo/Rx), inpatient care (IP), and other outpatient care (OP). We grouped pts by quartile (qrt), evaluated drivers of TCOC, and mean rates of admissions (admits/pt). Results: We identified 3,908 (teach) and 2,632 (non-teach) pts taking NCCN Category 1 regimens. There was a similar mix of patients in both cohorts, with gem-mono pts making up only 3% of the sample. Gem-nab accounted for 73% and 70% of pts in teach and non-teach institutions, respectively. For gem-nab, FFX, and nal-IRI pts, median TCOC was similar in both cohorts. However, median TCOC for the two non-generic drugs in our study, gem-nab (teach: $36,332; non-teach: $40,135) and nal-IRI (teach: $31,526; non-teach: $39,360), were lower at teach institutions than non-teach institutions. The components of TCOC are similar between teach and non-teach institutions in all qrts. In both cohorts, % IP costs for all regimens increased between the first and fourth qrt (teach:14% to 23%, non-teach:14% to 26%). In the teach cohort, nal-IRI pts had the lowest admits/pt in all qrts. In the non-teach cohort, there was no discernable pattern, although nal-IRI pts had the lowest admits/pt in the second and fourth qrt. Conclusions: For non-generic regimens like nal-IRI and gem-nab, median TCOC was lower at teach institutions than non-teach institutions. There were no consistent differences in TCOC dispersion or admissions between cohorts. Across qrts, chemotherapy accounted for approximately half the TCOC. However, IP costs were proportionally higher in the fourth qrt, especially for non-teach institutions. Despite nal-IRI pts being on the second LOT, both median TCOC and admits/pt across qrts were lower than gem-nab and FFX in teach institutions. In the non-teach cohort, median TCOC were similar among nal-IRI, gem-nab, and FFX.
Recognizing Eating from Body-Worn Sensors (2017)

Automated dietary monitoring solutions that can find when, what, and how much individuals consume are needed for many applications such as providing feedback to individuals with chronic disease. Advances in body-worn sensors have led to systems with high accuracy for finding meals and even which foods are consumed in each bite. However, most tests are done in controlled lab settings with restricted meal choices, little background noise, and subjects focused on eating. For these systems to be adopted by users it is critical that they work well in realistic situations and be able to handle confounding factors such as background noise, shared meals, and multi-tasking. Work in realistic environments usually has lower accuracy, but has challenges in determining ground truth. Most critically, there has been a significant gap between lab and free-living environments. This is compounded by data usually being collected for different individuals in each setting, making it difficult to determine how the accuracy gap can be closed. We present a multi-modality study on eating recognition, using body-worn motion (head, wrists) and audio (earbud microphone) sensors for 12 participants (6 from the lab study, 6 new to test generalizability). In contrast to the lab, where audio alone has the highest accuracy, we find now that a combination of sensing modalities (audio, motion) is needed; yet sensor placement (head vs. wrist) is not critical. We further find that lab data does generalize to other participants, but while personal free-living data improves accuracy, more data from others can actually lead to worse performance.
NSAID Acyl Glucuronides and Enteropathy (2011)

Many nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are carboxylic acid-containing compounds that are conjugated in the liver to acyl glucuronides and excreted across the hepatocanalicular membrane into bile. Chronic and acute NSAID use has not only been associated with gastric injury but also increasingly recognized to cause small intestinal injury (enteropathy). The mechanisms of NSAID enteropathy are still unknown, but a combination of topical effects (including mitochondrial injury) combined with inhibition of COX1/2, followed by an inflammatory response triggered by LPS-mediated activation of LTR4 on macrophages, have been implicated in the pathogenesis. Some of the nucleophilic proteins that are targeted by the electrophilic NSAID acyl glucuronides or their iso-glucuronides have been identified both in bile canaliculi and on the apical membrane domain of enterocytes (e.g., aminopeptidase N); however, the mechanistic role of covalent adducts has remained enigmatic. In contrast, it has become increasingly clear that acyl glucuronide formation is a major toxicokinetic determinant, in that the drug conjugates are a transport form delivering the drug to the more distal parts of the jejunum/ileum, where the glucuronic acid moiety is cleaved off the aglycone due to higher local pH and the presence of bacterial β-glucuronidase. Through this mechanism, high local concentrations of the parent NSAID can be attained, potentially leading to local tissue injury. Thus, even if one considers the formation of acyl glucuronides not as a potentially dangerous toxophore by virtue of their protein-reactivity, acyl glucuronides could still be a red flag in drug development if excreted at high rates into bile and delivered to more distal areas of the small intestine where high amounts of parent drug is released.
A Proposal on the Supplementarity Issue for Emissions Trading and Joint Implementation (1998)

Kyoto Protocol incorporates the international flexibility mechanisms such as emissions trading, etc., in addition to setting the quantified commitments for Annex I Parties. The Protocol also recognizes the importance of domestic actions, and supports the concept of supplementarity in the Articles 6 and 17. EU proposes to limit the tradeable amounts of emissions to meet this concept. A new idea to develop common physical performance indicators is proposed in this paper. This proposal reflects the spirit of the Article 2 of the Protocol and is expected both to promote domestic actions in Annex I Parties and also to develop international cooperative framework.
[Quality control of clinical-grade recombinant adenovirus used in gene therapy]. (2004)

A whole set of quality standards of clinical-grade recombinant adenovirus vectors has been established so as to ensure the clinical safety and efficacy of recombinant adenoviral vectors for human gene therapy.
Synthesis and characterisation of poly(glycerol sebacate)-co-lactic acid as surgical sealants (2011)

Surgical sealants are currently used in conjunction with sutures to reduce the incidence of air or fluid leaks. Although fibrin and collagen sealants can effectively promote wound healing, there are serious concerns about blood-borne virus contamination. Hence, synthetic sealants have been considered a safer alternative. In this work, a new family of synthetic surgical sealant copolymers were derived from poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and lactic acid (LA). The newly developed PGS-co-LA tissue sealants had significantly higher adhesive strength than either fibrin sealants or synthetic PleuraSeal™. Secondly, the addition of lactic acid to PGS significantly improved the cytocompatibility of the materials, compared with pure PGS. Thirdly, the new sealants were able to be pasted in liquid form at ∼45 °C, which subsequently solidified into a soft wax-like patch at body temperature. These properties make the PGS-co-LA materials promising candidates for soft tissue sealants.
Sequential Attention (2017)

In this paper we propose a neural network model with a novel Sequential Attention layer that extends soft attention by assigning weights to words in an input sequence in a way that takes into account not just how well that word matches a query, but how well surrounding words match. We evaluate this approach on the task of reading comprehension (on the Who did What and CNN datasets) and show that it dramatically improves a strong baseline--the Stanford Reader--and is competitive with the state of the art.