gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sharp bends with low losses in dielectric optical waveguides (1983)

A new method is proposed for making sharp bends with low radiation losses in dielectric optical waveguides. By modifying the transverse refractive-index profile at curved sections both the pure bend and the transition losses can be minimized. The optimum gradient-index profile requires an inhomogeneous medium. But in practice this can be replaced by a layered medium. By using four homogeneous layers the permitted radius of curvature of a slab waveguide can be reduced, e.g., from 6400 to only 100 wavelengths.
Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae YMR318C (ADH6) gene product as a broad specificity NADPH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase: relevance in aldehyde reduction (2001)

YMR318C represents an open reading frame from Saccharomyces cerevisiae with unknown function. It possesses a conserved sequence motif, the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) signature, specific to the medium-chain zinc-containing ADHs. In the present study, the YMR318C gene product has been purified to homogeneity from overexpressing yeast cells, and found to be a homodimeric ADH, composed of 40kDa subunits and with a pI of 5.0–5.4. The enzyme was strictly specific for NADPH and was active with a wide variety of substrates, including aliphatic (linear and branched-chain) and aromatic primary alcohols and aldehydes. Aldehydes were processed with a 50-fold higher catalytic efficiency than that for the corresponding alcohols. The highest kcat/Km values were found with pentanal&gt;veratraldehyde &gt; hexanal &gt; 3-methylbutanal &gt;cinnamaldehyde. Taking into consideration the substrate specificity and sequence characteristics of the YMR318C gene product, we have proposed this gene to be called ADH6. The disruption of ADH6 was not lethal for the yeast under laboratory conditions. Although S. cerevisiae is considered a non lignin-degrading organism, the catalytic activity of ADHVI can direct veratraldehyde and anisaldehyde, arising from the oxidation of lignocellulose by fungal lignin peroxidases, to the lignin biodegradation pathway. ADHVI is the only S. cerevisiae enzyme able to significantly reduce veratraldehyde in vivo, and its overexpression allowed yeast to grow under toxic concentrations of this aldehyde. The enzyme may also be involved in the synthesis of fusel alcohols. To our knowledge this is the first NADPH-dependent medium-chain ADH to be characterized in S. cerevisiae.
The astacin family of metalloendopeptidases. (1991)

Molecular cloning of a human intestinal brush border metalloendopeptidase (N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid hydrolase, PPH) and a mouse kidney brush border metalloendopeptidase (meprin A) has revealed 82% identity in the NH2-terminal amino acid sequences (198 residues) of the mature enzymes. Furthermore, searching of protein sequence data bases with the inferred peptide sequences as probes revealed strong similarities to astacin, a crayfish digestive protease, and an NH2-terminal domain of a human bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-1). Meprin A and PPH both have approximately 30% identity with astacin and BMP-1. Multiple alignment analysis indicated that 37 residues, including 3 cysteine residues, are strictly conserved for the four proteins in a sequence frame equivalent to the complete 200-amino acid astacin sequence. The four proteins contain a zinc-binding motif (HEXXH), found at the active site of most metalloendopeptidases, within an extended sequence of HEXXHXXGFXHE which is unique to this subgroup of metalloendopeptidases. In addition, the four proteins have 54% identity in a 24-amino acid sequence that includes the putative active site. A fifth protein, Xenopus laevis developmentally regulated protein UVS.2, also shares sequence identity with the metalloendopeptidases. These data provide strong evidence for an evolutionary relationship of these proteins. It is suggested that this new family of metalloendopeptidases be called the "astacin family."
Statistical methods of translating microarray data into clinically relevant diagnostic information in colorectal cancer (2004)

bskim@yonsei.ac.kr.
Deleted in Liver Cancer 1 Controls Cell Migration through a Dia1-Dependent Signaling Pathway (2008)

Deleted in liver cancer (DLC) 1 and 2 are Rho GTPase-activating proteins that are frequently down-regulated in various types of cancer. Ectopic expression in carcinoma cell lines lacking these proteins has been shown to inhibit cell migration and invasion. However, whether the loss of DLC1 or DLC2 is the cause of aberrant Rho signaling in transformed cells has not been investigated. Here, we have down-regulated DLC1 and DLC2 expression in breast cancer cells using a RNA interference approach. Silencing of DLC1 led to the stabilization of stress fibers and focal adhesions and enhanced cell motility in wound-healing as well as chemotactic Transwell assays. We provide evidence that enhanced migration of cells lacking DLC1 is dependent on the Rho effector protein Dia1 but does not require the activity of Rho kinase. By contrast, DLC2 knockdown failed to affect the migratory behavior of cells, suggesting that the two proteins have distinct functions. This is most likely due to their differential subcellular localizations, with DLC1 found in focal adhesions and DLC2 being mainly cytosolic. Collectively, our data show that DLC1 is critically involved in the control of Rho signaling and actin cytoskeleton remodeling and that its cellular loss is sufficient for the acquisition of a more migratory phenotype of breast cancer cells.
Cooperative roles of various membrane phospholipids in the activation of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. (1981)

Although phosphatidylserine is the sole phospholipid effective for the activation of Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in the presence of a small amount of unsaturated diacylglycerol and micromolar concentrations of Ca2+ (Takai, Y., Kishimoto, A., Kikkawa, U., Mori, T., and Nishizuka, Y. (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 91, 1218-1224), other species of phospholipids modulate the activation of enzyme considerably. When phosphatidylserine is supplemented with phosphatidylethanolamine, further enhancement of the enzymatic activity is observed. Inversely, the addition of phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin markedly diminishes the enzyme activation by phosphatidylserine. Phosphatidylinositol, which serves as the source of unsaturated diacylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid do not show significant effects. Kinetic analysis has indicated that phosphatidylethanolamine enhances the enzyme activation by marked increase in the affinity of enzyme for Ca2+ and also by slight increase in the affinity for phosphatidylserine as well as for unsaturated diacylglycerol without affecting the maximum reaction velocity. Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin diminish the enzyme activation in an uncompetitive manner with respect to Ca2+ and in a competitive manner with respect to both phosphatidylserine and unsaturated diacylglycerol. These results suggest that each species of the various membrane phospholipids plays a specific role with positive or negative cooperativity in the activation of this unique protein kinase.
A location-based personal task reminder for mobile users (2014)

Personal task reminders have been indispens- able for modern people, in order to remind them of their tasks at specific circumstances. Traditional paper-based reminders are still useful, but they cannot be organized efficiently. Electronic reminders based on the calendar in cell phones are more efficient and gaining popularity, but such reminders are mostly triggered by time. In many sit- uations, tasks are only meaningful to be performed at a specific location, so it would be useful if reminders for those tasks can be triggered only when the person to be reminded is physically near or located at that location. Therefore, in this research, we develop a location-based personal task reminder for Android-based smartphones and tablets. To distinguish our work from existing ones that rely solely on the GPS technology, we take advantage of the ubiquity of IEEE 802.11 WLAN infrastructure to compliment the ''blind spots'' of GPS location sensing. Combining the two technologies makes it possible for the personal task reminder to be effective in both indoor and outdoor environments. We also propose two operating models for the personal task reminder to boost the usability of the application. Furthermore, as long as the WLAN infrastructure is available, our work as a foundation of location-based services can easily be extended to be used in many other scenarios, such as guiding in public transpor- tation systems or tourist attractions, location-based learn- ing, and even caring of the Dementia residents.
Involvement of <i>gshAB</i> in the Interspecies Competition within Oral Biofilm (2013)

Although Streptococcus sanguinis has been reported to produce H2O2 to gain a competitive edge over Streptococcus mutans, the molecular mechanisms evolved by S. mutans to counter this "peer stress" are still to be identified. The current study was designed to investigate the ecological role of glutathione synthetase (gshAB) in the interspecies interaction between S. mutans and S. sanguinis. A gshAB in-frame deletion strain of S. mutans was constructed, and its phenotypic traits were characterized. The spatio-temporal interaction of the gshAB mutant with S. sanguinis was further investigated in a dual-species biofilm model by fluorescence in situ hybridization. We found that, although less tolerant for H2O2, the gshAB mutant produced more extracellular polysaccharides by up-regulating gtfs expression, so as to cluster as condensed microcolonies. In addition, the mutant was more susceptible to the conditioned medium of S. sanguinis, and its competitiveness was significantly compromised. Taken together, we believe that gshAB is essential for the competitiveness and prevalence of S. mutans through detoxifying the H2O2 produced by S. sanguinis. Given the ecological importance of bacterial equilibrium within the oral biofilm, gshAB may represent a promising target to modulate the S. mutans/S. sanguinis ratio under cariogenic conditions, thus contributing to the management of dental caries.
Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Assemblies on Materials Surfaces: From Cell Adhesion to Tissue Engineering (2011)

Controlling the bulk and surface properties of materials is a real challenge for bioengineers working in the fields of biomaterials, tissue engineering and biophysics. The layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition method, introduced 20 years ago, consists in the alternate adsorption of polyelectrolytes that self-organize on the material's surface, leading to the formation of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films.<sup>1</sup> Because of its simplicity and versatility, the procedure has led to considerable developments of biological applications within the past 5 years. In this review, we focus our attention on the design of PEM films as surface coatings for applications in the field of physical properties that have emerged as being key points in relation to biological processes. The numerous possibilities for adjusting the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of PEM films have fostered studies on the influence of these parameters on cellular behaviors. Importantly, PEM have emerged as a powerful tool for the immobilization of biomolecules with preserved bioactivity.
New Design Technique for Stable Wide-Band Tunnel-Diode Amplifier (Correspondence) (1970)

It is verified experimentally and theoretically that highly reflective out-of-band characteristics are inherent in the usual stripline circulator, and follow a certain regularity. It is then described how a small-sized additional network to the circulator can improve its out-of-band characteristics. Using the improved circulator with this network, it is shown how to design a small-size wide-band TDA.
Coping with low pH: molecular strategies in neutralophilic bacteria (2014)

As part of their life cycle, neutralophilic bacteria are often exposed to varying environmental stresses, among which fluctuations in pH are the most frequent. In particular, acid environments can be encountered in many situations from fermented food to the gastric compartment of the animal host. Herein, we review the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms adopted by a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mostly those affecting human health, for coping with acid stress. Because organic and inorganic acids have deleterious effects on the activity of the biological macromolecules to the point of significantly reducing growth and even threatening their viability, it is not unexpected that neutralophilic bacteria have evolved a number of different protective mechanisms, which provide them with an advantage in otherwise life-threatening conditions. The overall logic of these is to protect the cell from the deleterious effects of a harmful level of protons. Among the most favoured mechanisms are the pumping out of protons, production of ammonia and proton-consuming decarboxylation reactions, as well as modifications of the lipid content in the membrane. Several examples are provided to describe mechanisms adopted to sense the external acidic pH. Particular attention is paid to Escherichia coli extreme acid resistance mechanisms, the activity of which ensure survival and may be directly linked to virulence.
<title>Simultaneous u-v displacement field measurement with a phase-shifting grid method</title> (1994)

We present here a non-moire method of displacements measurement, where the image of a crossed network bonded onto a body under examination is acquired with a CCD camera. The zoom magnification is chosen so that the test grid is sampled at a frequency of three pixels by grid period. The processing of the recorded image corresponds to a 3-bucket algorithm, applied to both horizontal and vertical lines. One obtains the two components of the displacements, and, by differentiation, the three components of strains and the local rotations. Experimental results have been already obtained, concerning a novel shear test on composite materials. Only one image is needed to obtain all the information. The method looks similar to the spatial phase-shifting technique proposed in the field of moire, but here no moire is involved.
A Crystal Structure of an Oligoproline PPII-Helix, at Last (2014)

The first crystal structure of an oligoproline adopting an all-trans polyproline II (PPII) helix is presented. The high-resolution structure provides detailed insight into the dimensions and conformational properties of oligoprolines that are important for, e.g., their use as "molecular rulers" and "molecular scaffolds". The structure also showed that the amides interact with each other within a PPII helix and that water is not necessary for PPII helicity.
Crystallographic Analysis of Small Ribozymes and Riboswitches (2012)

Ribozymes and riboswitches are RNA motifs that accelerate biological reactions and regulate gene expression in response to metabolite recognition, respectively. These RNA molecules gain functionality via complex folding that cannot be predicted a priori, and thus requires high-resolution three-dimensional structure determination to locate key functional attributes. Herein, we present an overview of the methods used to determine small RNA structures with an emphasis on RNA preparation, crystallization, and structure refinement. We draw upon examples from our own research in the analysis of the leadzyme ribozyme, the hairpin ribozyme, a class I preQ(1) riboswitch, and variants of a larger class II preQ(1) riboswitch. The methods presented provide a guide for comparable investigations of noncoding RNA molecules including a 48-solution, "first choice" RNA crystal screen compiled from our prior successes with commercially available screens.
Iterative Improvement of Non-Exact Reconstruction in Cone-Beam CT (2005)

Contemporary
reconstruction for helical cone-beam CT is mostly based on
non-exact algorithms, which produce more or less unacceptable
artifacts for cone angles above a certain limit. We report on
a ...
Lead acid battery SoC estimation based on extended Kalman Filter method considering different temperature conditions (2017)

State of Charge (SoC) is the most important parameter to be estimated on a Battery Management System (BMS). Improper SoC management can cause faster battery degradation, reduce its operational lifetime and, on extreme cases of overcharge, it may lead to an explosion. In addition, batteries are complex electrochemical systems, and both the electrical components and chemical reactions vary significantly with changes in temperature. In this paper, it is presented the effect of the temperature on the Lead Acid battery SoC estimation. The data collection was performed varying the battery temperature, under a range of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C to 70 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C. To determine the model parameters from the used battery, several data acquisition was performed. To obtain the SoC estimation it was implemented the Extended Kalman Filter that provide satisfactory results. The simulated results were obtained using the MATLAB environment. To verify the effectiveness and the performance of the implemented Kalman Filter it was applied the EKF for estimate the SoC of a Lead Acid battery described in the Introduction Section. It is important to realize that is a comparative study and the only evaluation comparison with the SoC estimation that we can do uses the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV).
Observed differences in learning ability of heart rate self-regulation as a function of hypnotic susceptibility (1977)

Three groups of eight male and female subjects (aged 20-27 yr) categorized by low and high hypnotic susceptibility were taught to control their heart rates by means of an appropriate autogenic therapy/biofeedback technique. The experimental groups were trained by autogenic therapy and biofeedback, while the control group received only biofeedback. Significant differences are observed in all psychological test scores between subjects of high and low hypnotic susceptibility. The results confirm that (1) there are qualitative and quantitative differences between the performance of individuals with high and low hypnotic susceptibility; (2) interindividual-variability tests yield data relevant to individual performance in visceral learning tasks; (3) the combined autogenic therapy/biofeedback/verbal feedback technique is suitable for conditioning large stable autonomic responses in humans; and (4) this kind of conditioning is effective in eliminating or alleviating physiological reactions to some environmental stressors.
Protein C and other Cofactors Involved in the Binding of Antiphospholipid Antibodies: Relation to the Pathogenesis of Thrombosis (1996)

In this review we will discuss the possible interference of antiphospholipid antibodies with the protein C system. Antiphospholipid antibodies can interfere with the protein C system in different ways: (i) via inhibiting the formation of thrombin; (ii) via interference with the activation of protein C by the thrombomodulin-thrombin complex; (iii) via inhibition of the assembly of the protein C complex; (iv) via inhibition of the activity of protein C, directly or via its cofactor protein S, and (v) via antibodies directed against the substrates of APC, factors Va and VIIIa, thereby protecting them for inactivation. The experimental and theoretical indications that one of these mechanisms will explain the pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome is critically examined.
AN EXPERIMENTAL ATTEMPT TO MODIFY THE SEX RATIO (1940)

Journal Article AN EXPERIMENTAL ATTEMPT TO MODIFY THE SEX RATIO: In Rats and Rabbits Get access J. H. QUISENBERRY, J. H. QUISENBERRY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. V. CHANDIRAMANI S. V. CHANDIRAMANI †Associate Professor, and formerly graduate student in the Genetics Department of the Agriculture and Mechanical College of Texas, respectively Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 31, Issue 12, December 1940, Pages 503–505, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a104826 Published: 01 December 1940
Microfluidic Permeation Printing of Self-Assembled Monolayer Gradients on Surfaces for Chemoselective Ligand Immobilization Applied to Cell Adhesion and Polarization (2010)

To study complex cell behavior on model surfaces requires biospecific interactions between the interfacing cell and material. Developing strategies to pattern well-defined molecular gradients on surfaces is difficult but critical for studying cell adhesion, polarization, and directed cell migration. We introduce a new strategy, microfluidic SPREAD (Solute PeRmeation Enhancement And Diffusion) for inking poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic cassettes with a gradient of alkanethiol. Using SPREAD, an oxyamine-terminated alkanethiol is able to permeate into a PDMS microfluidic cassette, creating a chemical gradient, which can subsequently be transfer printed onto a gold surface to form the corresponding chemoselective gradient of oxyamine-alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM). By first patterning regions of the gold surface with a protective SAM using microfluidic lithography, directional gradients can be stamped exclusively onto unprotected bare gold regions to form single cell gradient microarrays. The microfluidic SPREAD strategy can also be extended to print micrometer-sized islands of radial SAM gradients with excellent geometric resolution. The immobilization of a cell adhesive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-ketone peptide to the SPREAD stamped oxyamine-alkanethiol SAMs provides a stable interfacial oxime linkage for biospecific studies of cell adhesion, polarity, and migration.
Methods for the determination of carbon in soils and sediments. A review (1986)

M. J. Charles and M. S. Simmons, Analyst, 1986, 111, 385 DOI: 10.1039/AN9861100385
Comparison of MHD simulation for the February 1986 events with interplanetary observations by the spacecraft Sakigake (1987)

During the period 3-10 February 1986 a series of major solar flares occurred on the Sun and several intense geomagnetic storms took place on the Earth. To examine the causality between the solar activity and the geomagnetic activity in this period, a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulation was performed using a 2 1/2 -D numerical code. In that period of February 1986, the Japanese spacecraft Sakigake was at 0.84 AU, 57 deg west of the Earth. Besides the in-situ measurements of the interplanetary plasma, Sakigake also provided Doppler scintillation observations. Comparisons between the results of the MHD simulation and the measurements made by the spacecraft Sakigake are presented.
China: The New Global Model for Development (2007)

Globalization may yet repeal the Biblical adage that the poor will always be with us. But for now there are enough losers to go along with the winners that a slide back toward fragmentation and protectionism is a distinct possibility, as was also the case at the turn of the 20th century. Our contributors in this section offer their advice on how to make globalization work for everyone.