gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Docking Study of Bryostatins to Protein Kinase C.DELTA. Cys2 Domain. (1999)

The docking structure of bryostatin 1, a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKG), to the crystal structure of PKCδ cys2 domain was examined computationally. Prior to the docking study, possible conformers of the 20-membered ring of bryostatin 1 were searched by the high-temperature molecular dynamics calculation method. For each conformer thus identified, the most stable docking model to PKC was searched without any presumptions, covering all possible binding modes and ligand conformations, using our automatic docking program ADAM. Among the seven conformers, the conformer with a ring conformation almost identical to that in the crystal (root mean square deviation=0.187Å) yielded the most stable PKC-bryostatin 1 complex. The bryostatin molecule fits well to the cone-shaped bottom of the PKC binding cavity, forming four hydrogen bonds with main chain groups. On the basis of this docking structure, the structure-activity relations of various bryostatins are well explained.
Influence of incorporating CaCO<sub>3</sub> into room temperature vulcanized silicone sealant on its mechanical and dynamic rheological properties (2006)

Abstract Silicone sealants with low modulus and high elongation were prepared by using ketoxime silane as chain extender agent, and a novel silane coupling agent acting as adhesion promoting agent was synthesized. Mechanical properties of vulcanized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) filled with large amounts of carbonate calcium (CaCO 3 ) and dynamic viscoelastic properties of unvulcanized samples were investigated through electronic multifunctional tensile tests, dynamic mechanical analyzers, and dynamic rheological measurements. The results of mechanical tests indicate that diminishing the particle diameter size, narrowing the particle diameter distribution, and increasing the filler amount lead to a relative high tensile strength and modulus at 100% elongation, but a relative low elongation at break. The reasons for these are believed to be the evolution of molecular interactions and the formation of additional physical crosslinking induced by the filler network. Compared to virgin PDMS, there is a significant elevation of glass transition temperature with filler addition. On the other hand, the results of dynamic rheological measurements reveal that as filler amount increases, the span of the linear viscoelastic region in which dynamic storage modulus (G′) is constant in low strain amplitude narrows. However, a characteristic plateau phenomenon appears in low frequency regions together with increasing the width and height of the modulus plateau. This phenomenon is also ascribed to the formation of a filler network due to filler–polymer and filler–filler interaction. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2027–2035, 2007
Automatic selection of print-worthy content for enhanced web page printing experience (2010)

The user experience of printing web pages has not been very good. Web pages typically contain contents that are not print-worthy or informative such as side bars, footers, headers, advertisements, and auxiliary information for further browsing. Since the inclusion of such contents degrades the web printing experience, we have developed a tool that first selects the main part of the web page automatically and then allows users to make adjustments. In this paper, we describe the algorithm for selecting the main content automatically during the first pass. The web page is first segmented into several coherent areas or blocks using our web page segmentation method that clusters content based on the affinity values between basic elements. The relative importance values for the segmented blocks are computed using various features and the main content is extracted based on the constraint of one DOM (Document Object Model) sub-tree and high important scores. We evaluated our algorithm on 65 web pages and computed the accuracy based on area of overlap between the ground truth and the extracted result of the algorithm.
Review article: the data supporting a role for aminosalicylates in the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2003)

The chemoprevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) with long-term sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicyclic acid (5-ASA) treatment has been demonstrated through epidemiological and experimental studies, in patients with ulcerative colitis. In a large case-controlled study, there was a trend for long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory consumption to be protective against CRC in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (OR, 0.84). Sulfasalazine treatment over a 3-month period was shown to be protective (OR, 0.38), independently of disease activity. A longer-term study of sulfasalazine also revealed a relationship with treatment compliance, where 3% of compliant patients developed CRC compared with 31% of the noncompliers. Treatment with 5-ASA was associated with an increase in apoptosis, a decrease in proliferation of colorectal mucosa and has been shown to lower the rate of spontaneous mutation. In a retrospective, matched case-control study conducted in the UK, 102 patients with ulcerative colitis and CRC were matched with ulcerative colitis patients without CRC. Incidence was correlated to treatment protocols, family history and other risk factors. Mesalazine was the only treatment to be associated with a statistically significant reduction in the risk of developing cancer. Even after adjusting for variables, mesalazine at doses > 1.2 g / day reduced the risk of cancer by 81% (P = 0.006). Frequent visits to the clinician were also associated with a protective effect.
Strategic implications of a "paperless" information system. (1995)

The movement of the typical medical practice toward increased size, dispersed operations and formalized affiliations with hospitals, insurance companies and other providers has exacerbated the problems of information management. Antiquated information systems have become a serious impediment to efficient operations in many medical practices. This professional paper describes the advantages, obstacles and necessity of implementing a comprehensive electronic information system.
The Study of Thermochemical Hydrogen Preparation. III. An Oxygen-evolving Step through the Thermal Splitting of Sulfuric Acid (1977)

Abstract The thermal decomposition of sulfuric acid is used as a step in the oxygen evolution in some thermochemical water-splitting cycles. The catalytic activity of metal oxides was studied in an attempt to find some suitable catalysts for sulfuric acid decomposition. The catalytic activity of SiO2, Al2O3, ZnO, CuO, NiO, CoO, Fe2O3, MnO, Cr2O3, V2O5, TiO2 was measured at high temperatures (800–870 °C and at atmospheric pressure. Iron(III) oxide was found to have the highest activity as a catalyst. Low catalytic activity was observed for the oxides (Al2O3, ZnO, NiO, CoO, MnO) which change to their sulfates under the present reaction conditions. Since the reaction conditions were very severe (more than 800 °C and in the presence of steam), a rapid decrease in both the specific surface area and the catalytic activity was observed. In order to avoid these disadvantages and in order to prepare practically useful catalysts, iron(III) oxide was pelletized and sintered (1000 °C, 6 h). Upon this procedure, this catalyst showed an almost constant activity for 120 hours’ reaction.
The Tax Code Demystified (2013)

I often remember a conversation I had with an acquaintance. He was telling me about the “smart” things he had done to reduce his taxes. His business had been successful that year, so in December he purchased several pieces of equipment that he didn’t really need in order to offset his income. With a mischievous grin, he said, “It’s a deduction, right?”
People Who Read This Article Also Read... (2008)

The recommendation systems that suggest books at amazon and movies at NETFLIX will soon bring you personalized news.
Numerical method for transit time measurement in ultrasonic sensor applications (1997)

In this paper, the implementation of a novel algorithm for the measurement of the transit time is reported. It has been applied to implement a smart, ultrasonic sensor for the fluid level measurement on a tank by processing the detected signal. A prototype of an on-line operating device, assembled to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm, is also described. Simulation tests have been carried out to investigate the algorithm performance, and we report on the results obtained. In addition, the results obtained during the field testing and application of the developed sensor are reported.
Fabrication and molecular beam epitaxy regrowth of first-order, high contrast AlGaAs∕GaAs gratings (2006)

We present a fabrication technique and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) regrowth of first-order, high contrast AlGaAs∕GaAs diffraction gratings for laser emitting at 980nm. An immersion holography technique is used to uniformly pattern first-order gratings with a pitch of 155nm. MBE is used to overgrow Al0.75Ga0.25As on etched GaAs gratings. It is found that slow growth rates with optimum arsenic overpressure are necessary to overgrow gratings with low pitting defect densities. These first-order, high contrast gratings are integrated as distributed Bragg reflectors in an edge-emitting laser structure. Single-mode emission at 1μm with a side mode suppression ratio greater than 30dB is demonstrated.
Weak Values Technique for Precision Measurements of Doppler Shifts (2013)

In a recent letter, Brunner and Simon propose an interferometric scheme using imaginary weak values with a frequency-domain analysis to outperform standard interferometry in longitudinal phase shifts [N. Brunner and C. Simon, Phys. Rev. Lett {\bf105} (2010)]. Here we demonstrate an interferometric scheme combined with a time-domain analysis to measure longitudinal velocities. The technique employs the near-destructive interference of non-Fourier limited pulses, one Doppler shifted due to a moving mirror, in a Michelson interferometer. We achieve a velocity measurement of 400 fm/s and show our estimator to be efficient by reaching its Cramer-Rao bound.
Events and Trends in Text Streams (2010)

This chapter provides a description of the data and the extraction and reduction of relevant features. It discusses the methodology for the detection of events and trends. The chapter explains the temporally related terms and presents an example to illustrate the capabilities of the technology. It also discusses the differences in the algorithms, contrast the algorithms with other topicality measures, and summarize our technology development. The chapter focuses on processing massive amounts of text streams to identify events that have just occurred or are currently occurring. It compares the results to text analysis results on a static document collection and found that the techniques produce results that are different and enhance those results. Controlled Vocabulary Terms data reduction
Pulmonary procedures assisted by optosurgical and electrosurgical devices: Comparison of damage potential (1987)

Electrosurgical devices have been used widely in thoracic surgery to assist in dissection and to reduce hemorrhage. Recent experimental data have shown that lasers may be used to resect and control small air leaks while conserving normally functioning lung. This investigation quantitates the amount of damage produced by the electrosurgical unit (ESU), the carbon dioxide laser (CO2), and the neodymium: YAG laser (YAG) compared to standard suture (SU) techniques. Six dogs were anesthetized, intubated, and ventilated. The left chest was opened and the lower lobe exposed, where four sets of lesions were created using each device. All lesions were visually similar to those lesions that would be created for sealing at the time of a pulmonary resection. The lesions were harvested immediately following wounding as well as at 1, 3, and 6 week intervals. They were examined histologically and ranked from least to most damage produced at each interval. A grading system (0-4+) was also devised to compare the injury to simultaneously harvested normal lung. Immediately following injury, histologic ranking was: CO2 (2+), suture (2+), ESU (3+), YAG (4+). By 6 weeks, the suture damage had become minimal and the ranking was: suture (1+), CO2 (2+), YAG (4+), ESU (4+). The ESU consistently produced more extensive damage than any other device. It appears that the most suitable long-term adjunctive devices to assist in pulmonary surgery are suture and the CO2 laser. The YAG laser may have specific indications in circumstances when significant blood loss may be encountered. ESU usage should be minimized when attempting to preserve functioning lung tissue.
Virtual network function scheduling: Concept and challenges (2014)

Software-Defined Networking and Network Functions Virtualization have initiated a new landscape within the telecom market landscape. Initial proof-of-concept prototypes for NFV-enabled solutions are being developed at the same time SDN models are identified as the futures solutions within the telecom realm. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the application and state-of-the-art of SDN and NFV technologies over optical networks. At the same time, we provide the first formalisation model for the VNF complex scheduling problem, using the complex job formalisation. The article aims at being used as starting point in order to optimally solve the scheduling problem of virtual network functions that compose network services to be provisioned within the SDN paradigm. Finally, we also provide an example of the virtualization of the routing function over an SDN-enabled domain.
Uplift Phenomenon: Model, Validation, and Design (2005)

Uplift induced slope failure occurs due to high water pressures in the sand layer below the soft top layers in a polder. The top layers are lifted due to water pressure invoking slope instability. The mechanism is significant in the Dutch lowlands. In this paper a new stability design model has been presented and corresponding geocentrifuge testing, a full-scale field test, and numerical validation are discussed, as well as the influence of the human factor. Comparisons of the new model with four existing models are shown for ten Dutch representative polder dikes. Furthermore, safety aspects are discussed and conclusions are drawn. The new design model has been incorporated in the Dutch national guideline for dike design.
DNA Replication but Not Nucleotide Excision Repair Is Required for UVC-Induced Replication Protein A Phosphorylation in Mammalian Cells (2000)

Exposure of mammalian cells to short-wavelength light (UVC) triggers a global response which can either counteract the deleterious effect of DNA damage by enabling DNA repair or lead to apoptosis. Several stress-activated protein kinases participate in this response, making phosphorylation a strong candidate for being involved in regulating the cellular damage response. One factor that is phosphorylated in a UVC-dependent manner is the 32-kDa subunit of the single-stranded DNA-binding replication protein A (RPA32). RPA is required for major cellular processes like DNA replication, and removal of DNA damage by nucleotide excision repair (NER). In this study we examined the signal which triggers RPA32 hyperphosphorylation following UVC irradiation in human cells. Hyperphosphorylation of RPA was observed in cells from patients with either NER or transcription-coupled repair (TCR) deficiency (A, C, and G complementation groups of xeroderma pigmentosum and A and B groups of Cockayne syndrome, respectively). This exclude both NER intermediates and TCR as essential signals for RPA hyperphosphorylation. However, we have observed that UV-sensitive cells deficient in NER and TCR require lower doses of UV irradiation to induce RPA32 hyperphosphorylation than normal cells, indicating that persistent unrepaired lesions contribute to RPA phosphorylation. Finally, the results of UVC irradiation experiments on nonreplicating cells and S-phase-synchronized cells emphasize a major role for DNA replication arrest in the presence of UVC lesions in RPA UVC-induced hyperphosphorylation in mammalian cells.
Stimulation of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by murine fibroblasts, IL-4, anti-CD40 antibodies, and the soluble CD40 ligand. (1997)

Analysis of growth regulation in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is of pivotal importance for understanding the pathophysiology and the development of new therapeutic approaches. We investigated the effect of soluble ligands and the interaction with fibroblasts in an in vitro system developed for the expansion of normal B lymphocytes. A total of 17 peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from patients with untreated B-CLL were analyzed for survival, apoptosis, and bcl-2 protein expression. The most efficient stimulus for cell survival was cocultivation with CDw32-transfected murine fibroblasts, which achieved a median of 56% surviving CD5 positive B cells with a plateau between Day 3 and Day 13 (p < 0.0001). IL-4 alone had a significant, but less profound, effect on cell survival: cell viability was increased by a factor of 1.7 on Day 3 (p = 0.001), but cell viability continued to decline. In contrast, the soluble recombinant human CD40 ligand and two different anti-CD40 antibodies did not prolong cell survival. In all experiments prolongation of cell survival was accompanied by a significant reduction of apoptosis of the leukemic B cells: in CDw32-transfected fibroblasts apoptosis was reduced by a mean of 90%, in IL-4 by a mean of 55%. Reduction in apoptotic cell death was associated with elevated bcl-2 protein levels. Our results emphasize the critical role of the interaction between B-CLL cells and CDw32-transfected fibroblasts for cell viability in vitro. Prolongation of cell survival is caused by a reduction of apoptosis and correlates with bcl-2 protein expression.
System Design Of A Wavefront Sensing Package For A Wide Field Of View Optical Phased Array (1988)

This paper discusses the system design of a wavefront sampling system for a four-telescope optical phased array. This sampling system provides the input to an electromechanical feedback control system that dynamically phases the telescope array. We begin by presenting the basics of the optical phasing problem for a telescope array and then discuss design solutions that provide the necessary wavefront sensing for a feedback control system. The overall system design concentrates on simplicity despite the number of channels, while the optical design embodies a philosophy of invariance to field of view, the use of the first-order optical properties of the entrance/exit pupil relationship, and the exploitation of beam polarization for power conservation and electro-optical chopping.
Targeting Murine Immune Responses to Selected T Cell- or Antibody-Defined Determinants of the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen by Plasmid DNA Vaccines Encoding Chimeric Antigen (2001)

By exchanging sequences from the middle-surface (MS) and small-surface (S) Ag of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with corresponding sequences of the MS Ag of woodchuck hepatitis virus, we constructed chimeric MS variants. Using these constructs as DNA vaccines in mice, we selectively primed highly specific (non-cross-reactive) Ab responses to pre-S2 of the HBV MS Ag and the "a" determinant of the HBV S Ag, as well as L(d)- or K(b)-restricted CTL responses to HBV S epitopes. In transgenic mice that constitutively express large amounts of HBV surface Ag in the liver we could successfully suppress serum antigenemia (but not Ag production in the liver) by adoptive transfer of anti-pre-S2 or anti-"a" immunity but not CTL immunity. DNA vaccines greatly facilitate construction of chimeric fusion Ags that efficiently prime specific, high-affinity Ab and CTL responses. Such vaccines, in which sequences of an Ag of interest are exchanged between different but related viruses, are interesting tools for focusing humoral or cellular immunity on selected antigenic determinants and elucidating their biological role.
Real Time Ray Tracing for Augmented Reality (2012)

This paper introduces a novel graphics rendering pipeline applied to augmented reality, based on a real time ray tracing paradigm. Ray tracing techniques process pixels independently from each other, allowing an easy integration with image-based tracking techniques, contrary to traditional projection-based rasterization graphics systems, e.g. OpenGL. Therefore, by associating our highly optimized ray tracer with an augmented reality framework, the proposed pipeline is capable to provide high quality rendering with real time interaction between virtual and real objects, such as occlusions, soft shadows, custom shaders, reflections and self-reflections, some of these features only available in our rendering pipeline. As proof of concept, we present a case study with the ARToolKitPlus library and the Microsoft Kinect hardware, both integrated in our pipeline. Furthermore, we show the performance and visual results in high definition of the novel pipeline on modern graphics cards, presenting occlusion and recursive reflection effects between virtual and real objects without the latter ones needing to be previously modeled when using Kinect. Furthermore, an adaptive soft shadow sampling algorithm for ray tracing is presented, generating high quality shadows in real time for most scenes.
Cell search in 3GPP long term evolution systems (2007)

This paper reviews and presents the latest results in the cell search issue of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems. Cell Search is a basic function of any cellular system, during which process time and frequency synchronization between the mobile terminal and the network is achieved. Such synchronization is especially important for 3GPP Long Term Evolution systems, which rely heavily on the orthogonality of the uplink and downlink transmission and reception to optimize the radio link performance. As in conventional cellular systems, the mobile terminal in an LTE system acquires time and frequency synchronization by processing the synchronization channel. Design of the synchronization channel is being developed within the standardization activities of 3GPP Long Term Evolution and is still evolving. In this paper, we present the design considerations and various new and promising design concepts for the synchronization channel. We evaluate some specific solutions and provide numerical performance results.