gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence Analysis of Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Clones from the Apospory-Specific Genomic Region of<i>Pennisetum</i>and<i>Cenchrus</i>      (2008)

Apomixis, asexual reproduction through seed, is widespread among angiosperm families. Gametophytic apomixis in Pennisetum squamulatum and Cenchrus ciliaris is controlled by the apospory-specific genomic region (ASGR), which is highly conserved and macrosyntenic between these species. Thirty-two ASGR bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) isolated from both species and one ASGR-recombining BAC from P. squamulatum, which together cover approximately 2.7 Mb of DNA, were used to investigate the genomic structure of this region. Phrap assembly of 4,521 high-quality reads generated 1,341 contiguous sequences (contigs; 730 from the ASGR and 30 from the ASGR-recombining BAC in P. squamulatum, plus 580 from the C. ciliaris ASGR). Contigs containing putative protein-coding regions unrelated to transposable elements were identified based on protein similarity after Basic Local Alignment Search Tool X analysis. These putative coding regions were further analyzed in silico with reference to the rice (Oryza sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genomes using the resources at Gramene (www.gramene.org) and Phytozome (www.phytozome.net) and by hybridization against sorghum BAC filters. The ASGR sequences reveal that the ASGR (1) contains both gene-rich and gene-poor segments, (2) contains several genes that may play a role in apomictic development, (3) has many classes of transposable elements, and (4) does not exhibit large-scale synteny with either rice or sorghum genomes but does contain multiple regions of microsynteny with these species.
Application of Differential Thermal Calorimetry to Measurements of Stored-Energy Release in Metals (1963)

A differential calorimeter operating by the method of quantitative differential thermal analysis was developed to study stored-energy release spectra in metals. The method involves the heating of a test specimen and a fully annealed reference specimen by heat transfer from a uniformly heated calorimeter block programmed to a reproducible increase in temperature with time. The initial stored-energy release run is followed by a base-line run under identical conditions to compensate for differences in thermal coupling of the specimens to the block. The most stable conditions of thermal coupling have been obtained by the use of cells to contain the specimens and by continuous purification of the helium used as a thermal-exchange gas. Calibration experiments on the heat of fusion of lead were carried out to evaluate the thermal coupling between specimens and to confirm the calorimetric technique. Typical results for high purity copper deformed in compression are given to demonstrate the existence of an appreciable grain-size effect on the stored-energy release; the precision is approximately ±0.4 cal/g-atom for total stored energies of the order of 5 cal/g-atom.
Moire Factors And Visibility In Scanned And Printed Halftone Images (1989)

Unacceptable moire distortion may result when images that include periodic structures such as halftone dots are scanned. In the frequency domain, moire patterns correspond to visible aliased frequencies. In the spatial domain, moire patterns are evident as cyclic changes in the size of halftone dots, producing visible periodic "beat" patterns. Moire pattern formation depends on the following factors: (1) the halftone screen frequency, (2) the scan frequency, (3) the angle between the scan direction and the halftone screen, (4) the scanner aperture size and shape, (5) quantization errors from the thresholding operation, (6) scanner and printer noise, and (7) the ink flow in the paper during printing. This paper analyzes the visibility of moire patterns in terms of these factors. In addition, the paper describes an approach to reducing the visibility of moire patterns by directly manipulating the moire formation factors. With an appropriate selection of the scan frequency and screen angle for a given screened image, moire beat frequencies in the scanned image can be reduced to a subvisible level. This approach thereby achieves moire reduction without the need for scanning at extreme scan frequencies or postscan image processing. The strengths of this ap-proach are (1) no data volume increase due to high frequency scan and (2) no need for time-consuming postscan processing. Computer-simulated and actual scan images are presented to illustrate the approach.
Wettability of Porous Media by NMR Relaxation Methods (1992)

ABSTRACT Determination of the wettability characteristics of reservoir rock is difficult and time-consuming. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxation measurements provide a quantitative, fast, and relative easy technique for determining rock wettabilities. We have used NMR relaxation experiments to study the wettability of various bead packs and rock samples. Specifically, we have used T1 (longitudinal relaxation time in laboratory frame) and T1ρ (longitudinal relaxation time in rotating frame) measurements in H2O or D2O in porous media to characterize the wetting. Such studies enabled us to explain the apparent contradictory observations of previous investigators. The data indicate that in the absence of magnetic impurities on the surfaces, both H2O and D2O have shorter relaxation times in water-wet porous media than in oil-wet media. Carbonate core samples were treated to create preferentially water-wet and preferentially oil-wet systems, and NMR measurements of such cores were compared with the combined Amott/USBM method. The results showed good agreement between the wetting behavior obtained from NMR relaxation and that from the combined Amott/USBM method.
Using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy to Monitor Theranostic Nanoparticle Uptake and Intracellular Doxorubicin Release (2013)

We describe the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with excellent colloidal stability in both water and serum, imparted by carefully designed grafted polymer shells. The polymer shells were built with attached aldehyde functionality to enable the reversible attachment of doxorubicin (DOX) via imine bonds, providing a controlled release mechanism for DOX in acidic environments. The IONPs were shown to be readily taken up by cell lines (MCF-7 breast cancer cells and H1299 lung cancer cells), and intracellular release of DOX was proven using in vitro fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) measurements. Using the fluorescence lifetime difference exhibited by native DOX (~1 ns) compared to conjugated DOX (~4.6 ns), the intracellular release of conjugated DOX was in situ monitored in H1299 and was estimated using phasor plot representation, showing a clear increase of native DOX with time. The results obtained from FLIM were corroborated using confocal microscopy, clearly showing DOX accumulation in the nuclei. The IONPs were also assessed as MRI negative contrast agents. We observed a significant change in the transverse relaxivity properties of the IONPs, going from 220 to 390 mM(-1) s(-1), in the presence or absence of conjugated DOX. This dependence of MRI signal on IONP-DOX/water interactions may be exploited in future theranostic applications. The in vitro studies were then extended to monitor cell uptake of the DOX loaded IONPs (IONP@P(HBA)-b-P(OEGA) + DOX) into two 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCS) grown from two independent cell lines (MCF-7 and H1299) using multiphoton excitation microscopy.
Overcoming the Small Sample Size Problem in Hyperspectral Classification and Detection Tasks (2008)

Hyperspectral signatures provide a dense recording of reflectance values over a wide region of the spectrum. This potentially increases the class separation capacity of the data as compared to gray scale imagery (where most of the class specific information is extracted from spatial relations between pixels) or multi-spectral imagery (where reflectance values at a few spectral bands are recorded). Availability of this rich spectral information has made it possible to design classification systems that can perform ground cover classification and target recognition very accurately. However, this advantage of hyperspectral data is typically accompanied by the burden of requiring large training sets. Another ramification of having a high dimensional feature space is over-fitting of decision boundaries by classifiers, and consequently, poor generalization capacity. In this paper, we will analyze and quantify the classification performance (as represented by overall and target recognition accuracies and false alarm rates) using various popular dimensionality reduction techniques. In particular, we will study the efficacy of PCA, Regularized LDA and Stepwise LDA in a single-classifier framework, and the efficacy of LDA in a multi-classifier, decision fusion framework.
‘Click’ Dendritic Phosphines: Design, Synthesis, Application in Suzuki Coupling, and Recycling by Nanofiltration (2009)

Abstract magnified image A new synthetic route towards stable molecular‐weight enlarged monodentate phosphine ligands via ‘click’ chemistry was developed. These ligands were applied in the Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of aryl halides and phenyl boronic acid. The supported systems show very similar activities compared to the unsupported analogues. Moreover, recycling experiments by means of nanofiltration using ceramic nanofiltration membranes demonstrate that these systems can be recovered and reused efficiently.
Mutations in the tail domain of <i>DYNC1H1</i> cause dominant spinal muscular atrophy (2012)

We demonstrate that mutations in the tail domain of the heavy chain of cytoplasmic dynein (DYNC1H1) cause spinal muscular atrophy and provide experimental evidence that a human DYNC1H1 mutation disrupts dynein complex assembly and function. DYNC1H1 mutations were recently found in a family with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (type 2O) and in a child with mental retardation. Both of these phenotypes show partial overlap with the spinal muscular atrophy patients described here, indicating that dynein dysfunction is associated with a range of phenotypes in humans involving neuronal development and maintenance.
Interleaved narrow‐band PRESS sequence with adiabatic spatial‐spectral refocusing pulses for <sup>1</sup>H MRSI at 7T (2008)

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ((1)H MRSI) is a useful technique for measuring metabolite levels in vivo, with Choline (Cho), Creatine (Cre), and N-Acetyl-Aspartate (NAA) being the most prominent MRS-detectable brain biochemicals. (1)H MRSI at very high fields, such as 7T, offers the advantages of higher SNR and improved spectral resolution. However, major technical challenges associated with high-field systems, such as increased B(1) and B(0) inhomogeneity as well as chemical shift localization (CSL) error, degrade the performance of conventional (1)H MRSI sequences. To address these problems, we have developed a Position Resolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence with adiabatic spatial-spectral (SPSP) refocusing pulses, to acquire multiple narrow spectral bands in an interleaved fashion. The adiabatic SPSP pulses provide magnetization profiles that are largely invariant over the 40% B(1) variation measured across the brain at 7T. Additionally, there is negligible CSL error since the transmit frequency is separately adjusted for each spectral band. in vivo (1)H MRSI data were obtained from the brain of a normal volunteer using a standard PRESS sequence and the interleaved narrow-band PRESS sequence with adiabatic refocusing pulses. In comparison with conventional PRESS, this new approach generated high-quality spectra from an appreciably larger region of interest and achieved higher overall SNR.
Abuse Response of 18650 Li-Ion Cells with Different Cathodes Using EC:EMC/LiPF6 and EC:PC:DMC/LiPF6 Electrolytes (2008)

Lithium-Ion batteries are being considered as a high-energy density replacement for Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and in the new Plug-In Hybrids (PHEVs). Although these cells can result in significant reduction in weight and volume, they have several safety related issues that still need to be addressed. We report here on the thermal response of Li-ion cells specifically assembled in our laboratory to test new materials, electrolytes and additives. Improvements in the thermal abuse tolerance of cells are reported and discussed in terms of the need for overall battery system safety.
The solution structure of the histidine‐containing protein (HPr) from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> as determined by two‐dimensional <sup>1</sup>H‐NMR spectroscopy (1993)

The three-dimensional solution structure of the heat-stable phosphocarrier protein HPr from Staphylococcus aureus was determined from two-dimensional NMR data by restrained molecular dynamics. It consists of a large twisted antiparallel beta-pleated sheet with four strands A, B, C, and D of amino acids 2-7, 34-37, 40-42 and 60-65. Three right-handed helices A, B, C (amino acids 18-27, 47-53 and 71-85) are positioned on top of this sheet. The aromatic ring of His15 is located in a cleft formed by amino acids 12-17 and 55-58, only the nitrogen (N delta 1) atom which can be phosphorylated by enzyme I is exposed to the water. The side chains of Thr12 and Arg17 are located close to the histidine ring. The regulatory serine residue (Ser46) is located in a hydrophobic patch, its hydroxyl group is water-accessible but forms hydrogen bonds with the amide groups of the backbone. The general features of the three-dimensional structure are similar to those found in HPr proteins from different microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus faecalis.
New generation of magnetic and luminescent nanoparticles for <i>in vivo</i> real-time imaging (2013)

A new generation of optimized contrast agents is emerging, based on metallic nanoparticles (NPs) and semiconductor nanocrystals for, respectively, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging techniques. Compared with established contrast agents, such as iron oxide NPs or organic dyes, these NPs benefit from several advantages: their magnetic and optical properties can be tuned through size, shape and composition engineering, their efficiency can exceed by several orders of magnitude that of contrast agents clinically used, their surface can be modified to incorporate specific targeting agents and antifolding polymers to increase blood circulation time and tumour recognition, and they can possibly be integrated in complex architecture to yield multi-modal imaging agents. In this review, we will report the materials of choice based on the understanding of the basic physics of NIR and MRI techniques and their corresponding syntheses as NPs. Surface engineering, water transfer and specific targeting will be highlighted prior to their first use for in vivo real-time imaging. Highly efficient NPs that are safer and target specific are likely to enter clinical application in a near future.
Macrocycles Derived from Cinchona Alkaloids:  A Thermodynamic vs Kinetic Study (1998)

Cyclization of the quinine-derived monomer (2a): HO-Cq-OMe, under thermodynamic control, gives mainly cyclic trimer Cq3 (7a), whereas kinetic cyclization of the similar monomer HO-Cq-OH (8) gives a mixture of cyclic products. This difference in product distribution is attributed to predisposition of the monomer unit, which means the building block adopts a more stable conformation in cyclic trimer than it can in cyclic tetramer. The reversibility of the thermodynamic reaction was demonstrated using electrospray mass spectrometry to monitor the catalyzed mixing of the two cyclic trimers Cq3 (7a) and Cc3 (7b), which results in the statistically expected 1:3:3:1 ratio of all possible cyclic trimers Cc3:Cc2Cq:CcCq2:Cq3.
572. Monoalkyl hexoses: improved procedures for the preparation of 1- and 3-methyl ethers of fructose, and of 3-alkyl ethers of glucose (1951)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
An autoradiographic analysis of [3H]alpha-bungarotoxin distribution in the rat brain after intraventricular injection. (1976)

Purified alpha-bungarotoxin was isolated by chromatography and made radioactive with tritium ([3H]acetamidino-alpha-bungarotoxin). Infusions of [3H]alpha-bungarotoxin alone or preceded by tubocurarine or atropine were given into the third ventricle. 2. 12, or 24 h after injection the brains were prepared for autoradiography. Injections of alpha-bungarotoxin (radioinert) in buffer, or of [3H]parathyroid hormone in buffer, served as controls. The various patterns of labeling suggest the presence of nicotinic-cholinergic neurons within the arcuate and basolateral regions of the hypothalamus including the supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei and, in addition, the central nucleus of the amygdala.
SURF-Face: Face Recognition Under Viewpoint Consistency Constraints (2009)

We analyze the usage of Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) as local descriptors for face recognition. The effect of different feature extraction and viewpoint consistency constrained matching approaches are analyzed. Furthermore, a RANSAC based outlier removal for system combination is proposed. The proposed approach allows to match faces under partial occlusions, and even if they are not perfectly aligned or illuminated. Current approaches are sensitive to registration errors and usually rely on a very good initial alignment and illumination of the faces to be recognized. A grid-based and dense extraction of local features in combination with a block-based matching accounting for different viewpoint constraints is proposed, as interest-point based feature extraction approaches for face recognition often fail. The proposed SURF descriptors are compared to SIFT descriptors. Experimental results on the AR-Face and CMU-PIE database using manually aligned faces, unaligned faces, and partially occluded faces show that the proposed approach is robust and can outperform current generic approaches. 1
Non-Invasive Measurement of Hemoglobin: Assessment of Two Different Point-of-Care Technologies (2012)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01321580 and NCT01321593.
Status of the Deep Space Network-Voyager flight project telecommunications compatibility (1977)

Deep Space Network-Voyager telecommunications compatibility tests are described. A series of engineering level tests to determine the flight-ground interface compatibility and performance characteristics between the two systems were utilized. A summary and status of tests conducted on Voyager spacecraft are reported.
The polyborane, carborane, carbocation continuum: architectural patterns (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe polyborane, carborane, carbocation continuum: architectural patternsRobert E. WilliamsCite this: Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 2, 177–207Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00010a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1359Altmetric-Citations284LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (6 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Overexpression system and biochemical profile of CTX-M-3 extended-spectrum Î²-lactamase expressed in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2004)

An efficient over-expression system was developed for CTX-M-3 extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase. The recombinant enzyme was purified from 1 l of culture to yield 22 mg of pure enzyme. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined to be NH2-QTADVQ... Determination of kinetic parameters with the purified CTX-M-3 revealed efficient hydrolysis of penicillins and cephalosporins, while ceftazidime and aztreonam were very poor substrates. Clavulanic acid, sulbactam and especially tazobactam inhibited the CTX-M-3 enzyme.
GoodNews, a collaborative filter for network news (1994)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.
[Clinical significance of elevated serum sICAM-1 in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. (2000)

sICAM-1 might be involved in the cellular immunopathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and the measurement of the serum sICAM-1 may reflect ability of neoplasm cell in freedom from host immunological surveillance. Dynamic measurement of serum sICAM-1 may be a useful objective index to evaluate NPC prognosis and curative effects.
Intermetallic compound formation at Cu-Al wire bond interface (2012)

Intermetallic compound (IMC) formation and evolution at Cu-Al wire bond interface were studied using focused ion beam /scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), nano beam electron diffraction (NBED) and structure factor (SF) calculation. It was found that discrete IMC patches were formed at the Cu/Al interface in as-packaged state and they grew toward Al pad after high temperature storage (HTS) environment at 150 °C. TEM/EDS and NBED results combined with SF calculation revealed the evidence of metastable θ′-CuAl2 IMC phase (tetragonal, space group: I4¯m2, a = 0.404 nm, c = 0.580 nm) formed at Cu/Al interfaces in both of the as-packaged and the post-HTS samples. Two feasible mechanisms for the formation of the metastable θ′-CuAl2 phase are discussed based on (1) non-equilibrium cooling of wire bond that is attributed to highly short bonding process time and (2) the epitaxial relationships between Cu and θ′-CuAl2, which can minimize lattice mismatch for θ′-CuAl2 to grow on Cu.
Heterozygosity for a large deletion in the alpha 2(I) collagen gene has a dramatic effect on type I collagen secretion and produces perinatal lethal osteogenesis imperfecta. (1988)

We characterized a de novo 4.5 kilobase pair deletion in the paternally derived alpha 2(I) collagen allele (COL1A2) from a patient with perinatal lethal osteogenesis imperfecta. The intron-to-intron deletion removed the seven exons which encode residues 586-765 of the triple helical domain of the chain. Type I procollagen molecules that contain the mutant pro-alpha 2(I) chain have a lower than normal thermal stability, undergo increased post-translational modification amino-terminal to the deletion junction, and are retained within the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The block to secretion appears to result from improper assembly of the triple helix, apparently a consequence of a disruption of charge-charge interactions between the shortened pro-alpha 2(I) chain and normal pro-alpha 1(I) chains. The lethal effect may be due to decreased secretion of normal collagen and secretion of a small amount of abnormal collagen that disrupts matrix formation.