gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of Amorphous Rare Earth-Transition Metals thin films for magnetooptical recording (1985)

Amorphous RE-TM alloys thin film can be used as high density storage media for magnetooptieal (M.O.) recording. The poor reading efficiency of these alloys can be enhanced if they are deposited in a multilayered structure computed to combine M.O. and interference effects. The perfect rectangularity in the inductive and magnetooptic hysteresis cycles is attributed to the large value of the quality factor Q = K <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</inf> /2πM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> which can be much larger than that of other perpendicular recording materials such as CrCo. The magnetization process of RE-Fe film occurs by domain nucleation and domain wall motion which are assumed to be thermally activated. Aging phenomena are observed on GdCo, GdFe and TbFe which are due to the oxidization of RE atoms. In the case of SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> - protected GdFe films the aging phenomena at room temperature are attributed to the segregation of RE atoms which build up a nonpermeable layer when they oxidize. RE atoms can diffuse in the RE-TM amorphous layer as can be seen by the change in the magnetic properties which occurs when RE atoms are deposited below and above the magnetic film. The consequences of these properties on the use of RE-TM films as M.O. recording media are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: THE DIRECT BONDING OF METALS TO CERAMICS BY THE GAS‐METAL EUTECTIC METHOD (1975)

Abstract Eine direkte Bindung von Metallen an Keramik ist unter Anwendung eines Gas‐Metall‐ Eutektikums möglich.
<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>-Infected Human Dendritic Cells: Uptake and Host Cell Response (2000)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells and play a crucial role in initiation and modulation of specific immune responses. Various pathogens are able to persist inside DCs. However, internalization of the gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes into human DCs has not yet been shown. In the present study, we demonstrate that human monocyte-derived immature DCs can efficiently phagocytose L. monocytogenes. This uptake is independent of listerial adhesion factors internalin A and internalin B but requires cytoskeletal motion and factors present in human plasma. A major portion of internalized bacteria is found in membrane-bound phagosomes and is rarely free in the cytosol, as shown by transmission electron microscopy and by using an L. monocytogenes strain expressing green fluorescent protein when in the host cell cytosol. The infection caused maturation of the immature DCs into mature DCs displaying high levels of CD83, CD25, major histocompatibility complex class II, and the CD86 costimulator molecule. This effect appeared to be largely mediated by listerial lipoteichoic acid. Although L. monocytogenes infection is known to induce death in other cell types, infection of human DCs was found to induce necrotic but not apoptotic death in fewer than 20% of DCs. Therefore, the ability of DCs to act as effective antigen-presenting cells for listerial immunity is probably enhanced by their resistance to cell death, as well as their ability to rapidly differentiate into mature, immunostimulatory DCs upon encountering bacteria.
Prognostic significance of maximal tumor size (MTS) in young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with CHOP-like chemotherapy with and without rituximab: Analysis of the MabThera International Trial Group (MInT) study (2007)

8053 Purpose: To determine the impact of MTS in young (18 to 60 years) patients with DLBCL and aaIPI=0,1. Patients and Methods: Outcome of patients treated with CHOP-like chemotherapy with (R-CHEMO) or without rituximab (CHEMO) was analyzed according to MTS. Results: A Martingale residual analysis revealed a linear negative prognostic impact of MTS on event-free (EFS) and overall (OS) survival. The hazard ratios for MTS per centimeter increase were significant for EFS (1.07; 95%-CI: 1.04–1.11; p<0.001) and OS (1.11; 95%-CI: 1.06–1.16; p<0.001). CHEMO 3-year EFS rates ranged between 78% for MTS <5cm and 41% for MTS >10cm. R-CHEMO 3-year EFS ranged from 83% (MTS <5cm) to 73% (MTS >=10cm). CHEMO 3-year OS rates decreased from 93% (MTS <5cm) to 74% (MTS >=10cm). R-CHEMO 3-year OS decreased from 98% (MTS <5cm) to 85% (MTS >=10cm). With CHEMO, any cut-off point between 5 and 10 cm separated a thus defined “non-bulky” from a “bulky” population with a 3-year EFS difference >20% (p<0.0001) and OS difference >12% (p<0.003), while with R-CHEMO only cut-off points >=10cm separated two populations with a significant EFS difference (9.1%; p=0.047), and cut-off points >=6cm discriminated two populations with a significant OS difference (7.6%-11.3%; p=0.037–0.0009). Conclusion: Due to the linear prognostic impact of MTS on outcome, cut-off points for “bulky” disease can be set rather arbitrarily between 5 and 10cm depending on clinical considerations. Rituximab reduces, but does not eliminate the negative prognostic impact of MTS in young patients with good-prognosis DLBCL. [Table: see text]
RECENT ADVANCES IN THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRO-FENTON AND PHOTOELECTRO-FENTON PROCESS FOR REMOVAL OF SYNTHETIC DYES IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT (2009)

In recent years, an increasing need and interest to preserve environment has arisen, mainly by eliminating chemical compounds produced by many human activities, such as textile industry discharges. In this context, electrochemical advance oxidation processes capable of destroying several organic compounds in wastewater are being developed. The basis for these methods is the production of free hydroxyl radicals (  OH) as a primary oxidant. In these systems, the  OH is generated by water discharge over the anode of a high oxygen overvoltage material, and by the electro-Fenton type reaction. This last creates a mixture of iron ions (Fe 2+ ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), electrochemically generated at the cathode by oxygen reduction via two electrons in acidic media. UVA irradiation improves the regeneration of Fe 2+ ions, enhancing the  OH production, generating the photolectro-Fenton process. The main objective of this paper is to summarize and analyze the results of a narrow selection of published researches about the increasing progress on these two emerging methods, which are very promising technologies for the removal of synthetic dyes in wastewater treatment in the near future.
A generalised algorithm for spectral reconstruction in Compton spectroscopy with corrections for coherent scattering (1989)

Reconstruction of primary-photon energy spectra from pulse-height distributions obtained in a Compton spectrometer has earlier been performed under the assumption that coherent scattering in the scatterer is negligible. This holds for most clinical x-ray units operated in the range 40-150 kV. In mammography, and to some extent in dental radiography, the relatively high frequency of low-energy photons (less than 30 keV) in the primary beam makes it necessary to extend the algorithms to allow for significant contribution of coherent scattering. This extension is performed as a perturbation calculation to the algorithms developed earlier in which a modified Klein-Nishina scattering cross section was taken as the total scattering cross section. Comparison with energy spectra measured in the primary beam indicates that the Compton spectrometer with the extended algorithm is an excellent instrument for measuring energy spectra with energies down to a few keV.
A Reconfigurable Digital Filterbank for Hearing-Aid Systems With a Variety of Sound Wave Decomposition Plans (2013)

Current hearing-aid systems have fixed sound wave decomposition plans due to the use of fixed filterbanks, thus cannot provide enough flexibility for the compensation of different hearing impairment cases. In this paper, a reconfigurable filterbank that consists of a multiband-generation block and a subband-selection block is proposed. Different subbands can be produced according to the control parameters without changing the structure of the filterbank system. The use of interpolation, decimation, and frequency-response masking enables us to reduce the computational complexity by realizing the entire system with only three prototype filters. Reconfigurability of the proposed filterbank enables hearing-impaired people to customize hearing aids based on their own specific conditions to improve their hearing ability. We show, by means of examples, that the proposed filterbank can achieve a better matching to the audiogram and has smaller complexity compared with the fixed filterbank. The drawback of the proposed method is that the throughput delay is relatively long (>20 ms), which needs to be further reduced before it can be used in a real hearing-aid application.
Principles of Three-Dimensional Imaging in Confocal Microscopes (1996)

Three-dimensional Fourier optics of a thin lens confocal bright-field microscopy with a point detector confocal bright-field microscopy with a finite-sized detector confocal single-photon fluorescence microscopy confocal two-photon fluorescence microscopy fibre-optical confocal microscopy confocal microscopy under ultrashort pulse illumination confocal microscopy with high-aperture objectives significance of three-dimensional transfer functions.
Spatial multiplexing over a line-of-sight millimeter-wave MIMO link: A two-channel hardware demonstration at 1.2Gbps over 41m range (2008)

This paper presents recent experimental results from a novel hardware prototype of an outdoor millimeter-wave line-ofsight (LOS) MIMO link. The system architecture establishes multiple parallel data channels using antenna element spacing derived from the principles of diffraction-limited optics. A millimeter-wave carrier frequency reduces the antenna array size to reasonably compact dimensions. In principle, this system architecture is scalable to larger one-dimensional and twodimensional arrays supporting data rates >320Gbps. A twochannel LOS hardware prototype has been constructed and tested in an outdoor environment. The hardware prototype achieved bit error rates (BER) <2x10 <sub>-6</sub> for two channels operating at 600Mbps each over a link range of 41m.
Synthesis and vibrational spectra of some lead(II) halide adducts with O-, S-, and N-donor atom ligands (1976)

Lead(II) halides (PbX 2 where X = Cl, Br, and I) formed five types of adducts with monodentate (L) and bidentate (LL) ligands: PbX 2 •L, PbX 2 •2L, 2PbX 2 •L, PbX 2 •LL, and PbX 2 •2LL, but not all halides and ligands produced each type. Monodentate ligands were dimethylsulphoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylthioacetamide, thioacetamide, 2,6-dimethyl-γ-pyrone, N-methyl-2-pyridone, N-methyl-2-pyrollidinone, thiourea, pyridine, piperidine, and aniline, while bidentate ligands were ethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, 1,10-phenanthroline, and 2,2′-bipyridine. Infrared and Raman spectra are reported together with ligand vibrational frequencies shifted by coordination. Under similar experimental conditions qualitative trends in acceptor and donor abilities appeared to be PbI 2 > PbBr 2 > PbCl 2 and S-donors > O-donors, respectively.
Cómo medir la creación de valor en las empresas (1999)

El tema de la creacion de valor y sus distintas formas de medicion conocidas, es en nuestros dias, un topico recurrente tanto a nivel academico como en las numerosas organizaciones que buscan aplicarlo.
XML Document Encrypt Implementation Using Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (2007)

As the use of the computer and networks generalized, the various tasks which are requested secrets can be processed such as the banking transaction. And because of increasing of data exchange, Internet, and mobile networks, the method which is not connected only but also used with many users has been changed. Especially because of the structural problem of the Internet, a lot of information is leaked out when we use the Internet banking. If we check the Internet banking by using an existing cypher method which is either simple or slow, a credit card number, an account number or password will be leaked out. Because the security of information doesn't meet our expectation, we need more powerful cryptography. But, the wasted space-time which is required shouldn't be ignored when the whole transferred data are encrypted. So, By using both the Elliptic Curve algorithm which is based on mobile networks and the partial encryption of the DID of XML in this essay, we will implement more faster cypher method of the partial XML
Nitrogen regulatory protein C-controlled genes of <i>Escherichia coli</i> : Scavenging as a defense against nitrogen limitation (2000)

Nitrogen regulatory protein C (NtrC) of enteric bacteria activates transcription of genes/operons whose products minimize the slowing of growth under nitrogen-limiting conditions. To reveal the NtrC regulon of Escherichia coli we compared mRNA levels in a mutant strain that overexpresses NtrC-activated genes [glnL(Up)] to those in a strain with an ntrC (glnG) null allele by using DNA microarrays. Both strains could be grown under conditions of nitrogen excess. Thus, we could avoid differences in gene expression caused by slow growth or nitrogen limitation per se. Rearranging the spot images from microarrays in genome order allowed us to detect all of the operons known to be under NtrC control and facilitated detection of a number of new ones. Many of these operons encode transport systems for nitrogen-containing compounds, including compounds recycled during cell-wall synthesis, and hence scavenging appears to be a primary response to nitrogen limitation. In all, approximately 2% of the E. coli genome appears to be under NtrC control, although transcription of some operons depends on the nitrogen assimilation control protein, which serves as an adapter between NtrC and final sigma(70)-dependent promoters.
Neural network based predictor for control of cascaded thermal process (2004)

Process control has been by far the most popular area of neural network application in chemical engineering. The use of neural networks in this area offers a potentially effective means of handling three difficult problems: complexity, nonlinearity and uncertainty. In comparison with other empirical models, neural networks are relatively less sensitive to noise and incomplete information, and thus deal with higher levels of uncertainty when applied in process control problems. The artificial neural network (ANN) technique is applied to the simulation of the time-dependent behaviour of a cascaded thermal process (heat exchangers) and is used to control the temperature of hot fluid flowing in the inner tube of the second heat exchanger. Two neuro predictor control schemes are presented. In the first scheme, a methodology is proposed for training and prediction of dynamic behavior of heat exchanger using feed forward neural network with external recurrent connections. Then a non-linear predictive control strategy based on identified model is proposed for heat exchanger control. In the second scheme, neural network based predictor for predicting outputs of first and second stages is presented. The performances of neuro schemes are evaluated by simulation for both servo and regulatory problems and the results are compared with a PID controller. An approach to the neural network-based predictor for control of cascaded thermal process is presented for predicting the effect of major load disturbance on the controlled variable in advance. First a mathematical model is developed in a traditional way, followed by the implementation of a neural network multilayer predictor trained based on mathematical model. The dynamic and steadystate behaviors are investigated.
Multilayer thin-film structures with high spatial dispersion (2003)

We demonstrate how to design thin-film multilayer structures that separate multiple wavelength channels with a single stack by spatial dispersion, thus allowing compact manufacturable wavelength multiplexers and demultiplexers and possibly beam-steering or dispersion-control devices. We discuss four types of structure--periodic one-dimensional photonic crystal superprism structures, double-chirped structures exploiting wavelength-dependent penetration depth, coupled-cavity structures with dispersion that is due to stored energy, and numerically optimized nonperiodic structures utilizing a mixture of the other dispersion effects. We experimentally test the spatial dispersion of a 200-layer periodic structure and a 66-layer nonperiodic structure. Probably because of its greater design freedom, the nonperiodic structure can give both a linear shift with wavelength and a larger usable shift than the thicker periodic structure gives.
On Curves of Minimal Length with a Constraint on Average Curvature, and with Prescribed Initial and Terminal Positions and Tangents (1957)

L. E. Dubins, On Curves of Minimal Length with a Constraint on Average Curvature, and with Prescribed Initial and Terminal Positions and Tangents, American Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (Jul., 1957), pp. 497-516
Nitrile Ylides: Diastereoselective Cycloadditions using Chiral Oxzolidinones Without Lewis Acid (2009)

Lewis acid complexation is generally required for chiral-auxiliary-controlled stereoselectivity, and chiral Lewis acid catalysis is frequently optimal for introducing asymmetry. In this work, we show that nitrile ylide cycloadditions to electron-poor acceptors attached to chiral auxiliaries proceed in high yield and stereoselectivity in the absence of Lewis acids. In contrast, chiral Lewis acids are inferior in these cycloadditions.
Investigation of Compressed Coating Tablet Swelling with Water as a New Dosage Form for Elderly Patients. (1994)

The compressed coating tablet swelling with water was investigated for the purpose of development of a new dosage form for elderly patients. The dry gels of agar, gelatin, and Inaagar-L® were reduced to powders and used as the coating material.It was found that the surface of any tablet formed a state of jelly through the addition of water, thus masking the taste of the drug. All tablets satisfied the rules of the disintegration test outlined in JP XII. These tablets demonstrated high moisture absorption due to the stored condition. The water absorption pattern of the tablets varied with the kind of coating material used. The agar coating tablet absorbed water rapidly, with its coating layer then being disintegrated. The differences in water absorption and swelling behavior of these tablets were considered to be caused by the difference in the size of the gap between the gel particles of the coating layer and the swelling ability of the gel particles. The Inaagar-L ® coating tablet was deemed to be the most desirable one in the volunteer test. Therefore, it seems likely that the texture of the swelled coating layer is an important factor in facilitating swallowing.
Fiber lasers at JDS Uniphase (2004)

Fiber lasers products have been developed at JDS Uniphase with up to 25 Watt cw output power and diffraction limited beam. Similar fiber lasers have been demonstrated with over 100 Watt cw output power. The fiber laser is based on an all fiber optic cavity with no free alignments or possibility for contamination resulting in a reliable laser cavity. A distributed pump architecture based on an array of 3-5 Watt fiber coupled pumps provides redundancy for reliability. The unpolarized, fiber delivered, compact and direct modulated fiber laser sources are ideal for a range of applications including material processing, marking and reprographics. Moreover the pump source has applications in material processing as well. The advantages of the fiber laser are illustrated in marking system.
Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers: The Ultimate Workshop (2013)

Professional commercial photographer and digital imager Jeff Schewe (based in Chicago, USA) has teamed up with best-selling Photoshop author Martin Evening to provide advanced Photoshop users with never before seen tips and techniques.Building on Martin Evening's successful Adobe Photoshop for Photographers series of titles, this new guide takes Photoshop users to further depths exploring the power of Photoshop CSX. Highly visual, with clear, step-by-step tutorials, this advanced guide will appeal to those who want to take Photoshop beyond the boundaries.
Performance of MMSE linear equalizer and decision feedback equalizer in single-frequency simulcast environment (2002)

The performance of a minimum mean-squared error linear equalizer and a decision feedback equalizer operating in a single-frequency simulcast environment with two transmitters exposed to time-dispersive slowly fading channels is discussed. Comparisons are made with a multifrequency simulcast system. The performance is given in terms of an upper bound on the expected bit-error probability for a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) system perturbed by additive white gaussian noise (AWGN). The performance for single-frequency simulcasting is found to improve with increased delay between the simulcast signals up to several symbol durations where no more gain is achieved. Results show that the performance is improved if the available power is distributed among signals from several transmitters by means of simulcasting.
Surface Modification of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-<i>co</i>-hexafluoropropylene) by Adsorption of Functional Polymers (2001)

Surfaces containing controllable densities of hydrophilic functional groups (carboxylic acids and amines) were prepared by the adsorption of functional polymers from aqueous solutions to fluoropolymer film samples. The adsorption behaviors of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and polyethylenimine (PEI) at the poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP)/water interface were studied and compared with the behavior of poly(l-lysine) (PLL), a polymer that has been reported to adsorb at the FEP/water interface. Insight into how polymer structure and adsorption variables (pH, time, ionic strength) contribute to “hydrophobic interactions” (minimization of interfacial free energy) was gained. Wettability of the functionalized FEP film samples was assessed by advancing and receding contact angles (θA/θR), and the adsorbed amounts were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Adsorbed amounts are highest at pH values at which the polymers are not charged; this is predominantly because of lower solubility under these conditions. For the three polyamines studied, the maximum adsorbed amount decreases in the order PLL > PAH > PEI, which is the opposite order of their solubilities. Of the two structurally similar polymers, PAA (−CO2H) promotes greater water wettability than PAH (−NH2). Added salt increases the adsorbed amount dramatically by screening repulsive interactions between ionic groups at pH values when these weak acids and bases are charged. Adsorption of a single functional polymer, PLL, PAA, PAH, or PEI, did not result in significant improvement of wettabilitywater contact angles (θA/θR) changed from 117°/93° (FEP) to 104°/16° (FEP−PLL), 103°/21° (FEP−PAH), 113°/72° (FEP−PEI), and 99°/22° (FEP−PAA). Sequential adsorption of two functional polymers, however, resulted in highly wettable surfaces: 39°/15° (FEP−PLL−PAA), 66°/17° (FEP−PAH−PAA), 74°/11° (FEP−PEI−PAA), and 61°/17° (FEP−PAA−PAH). Peel tests indicate that the adhesive properties of the fluropolymer are improved after adsorption of functional polymers, especially after adsorption of two functional polymers.