gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Chemically Modified Antisense Oligonucleotides with Sense DNA:  A Label-Free Interaction Study with Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy (1999)

Antisense oligonucleotides (ON) are regarded as potential therapeutic agents for controlling gene expression at the mRNA level. The strength of the interaction with the target sequence is one critical factor for the therapeutic efficiency of an ON. Herein, the results of studies on antisense 15mer and 20mer ONs against mdr1b-mRNA are described. The mdr1b is a member of the group that encodes the P-glycoprotein (Pgp), responsible for the phenomenon of multidrug resistance. The effects of backbone modification (DNA, phosphorothioate (PTO)), terminal modifications (hexadecyl, cholesteryl, tocopherol, polyethylenglycol, 2'-O-methyl-modified RNA) and base sequence misalignments (1 to 3 bases) on interaction kinetics and binding strength were investigated. The interaction of an immobilized sense strand with the dissolved antisense ON was monitored with a label-free optical transducer based on thin film interference (RIfS). Association kinetics were detected at a low density of immobilized ON. Thermodynamics were investigated by homogeneous phase titration of sense and antisense ON and subsequent quantification of equilibrium concentrations of unbound ON at a transducer highly loaded with sense ON. Association rate constants varied from 3.1 (+/- 0.2) x 10(4) M-1 s-1 (poly(ethylene glycol)-modified DNA strand) to 4.3 (+/- 0.1) x 10(4) M-1 s-1 (hexadecyl-modified strand). Binding constants varied from 1.9 (+/- 0.1) x 10(8) M-1 (cholesteryl modification) to 5 (+/- 0.4) x 10(7) M-1 (tocopherol modification). Phosphorothioate ON showed a reduction in binding strength of more than 1 order of magnitude. The data presented give valuable information for the efficiency of modified antisense oligonucleotides.
Evaluation of five antifungal agents used in remediation practices against six common indoor fungal species. (2013)

We investigated the effect of five antifungal agents (Sanimaster, hydrogen peroxide, isopropyl alcohol, bleach, and Sporicidin) used in fungal remediation practices on the growth and spore germination of six commonly occurring indoor fungal species (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Stachybotrys chartarum). These antifungal agents significantly inhibited the growth and spore germination within 12 hr of treatment. When the antifungal agents were washed off with distilled water, no significant differences were observed in spore germination after 24 hr of incubation period. Two weeks after treatment, in vitro fungal growth was not inhibited compared with non-treated control. In the treated wood blocks, colony forming units of these fungi were viable after 2 weeks of treatment.
The Dangers of Priestcraft (2008)

This address was given at a Church Educational System conference on August 12, 2002, at Utah Valley State College.
Implantable electronics: Emerging design issues and an Ultra light-weight security solution (2010)

Implantable systems that monitor biological signals require increasingly complex digital signal processing (DSP) electronics for real-time in-situ analysis and compression of the recorded signals. While it is well-known that such signal processing hardware needs to be implemented under tight area and power constraints, new design requirements emerge with their increasing complexity. Use of nanoscale technology shows tremendous benefits in implementing these advanced circuits due to dramatic improvement in integration density and power dissipation per operation. However, it also brings in new challenges such as reliability and large idle power (due to higher leakage current). Besides, programmability of the device as well as security of the recorded information are rapidly becoming major design considerations of such systems. In this paper, we analyze the emerging issues associated with the design of the DSP unit in an implantable system. Next, we propose a novel ultra light-weight solution to address the information security issue. Unlike the conventional information security approaches like data encryption, which come at large area and power overhead and hence are not amenable for resource-constrained implantable systems, we propose a multilevel key-based scrambling algorithm, which exploits the nature of the biological signal to effectively obfuscate it. Analysis of the proposed algorithm in the context of neural signal processing and its hardware implementation shows that we can achieve high level of security with ∼ 13X lower power and ∼ 5X lower area overhead than conventional cryptographic solutions.
Variation in Seedling Growth of <i>Tamarindus indica</i> (L.): A Threatening Medicinal Fruit Tree Species in Bangladesh (2014)

Seedling growth is a precondition for conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources which depends upon understanding of breeding system, genetic inconsistency, and evolutionary forces in forest tree improvement. The aim of this study was to determine variation in seedling growth and age-age correlations of Tamarindus indica at population level in Bangladesh. The study revealed significant (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>) differences of seasonal variation in seedling growth. Height and collar diameter growth showed significant (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>) positive correlation with mean monthly rainfall. The study also revealed significant difference (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>) of seedling growth among T. indica population. PCA illustrated rainfall, height growth, and diameter growth as the main characters in this study which defined drought as an additive character for this species. Cluster analysis of similarity showed how seedlings from 22.67°N latitude (origin) separated from others. An increasing trend of age-age correlation was identified in both cases of shoot height and diameter growth. The study concluded that seed collection for either ex situ conservation or seedling production can be done from 22.67°N latitude as seedlings from that area performed better than others, and early clonal selection of T. indica can be done at the age of 9 months.
Helicobacter pylori strain-specific genotypes and modulation of the gastric epithelial cell cycle. (1999)

Helicobacter pylori cag+ strains enhance gastric epithelial cell proliferation and attenuate apoptosis in vivo, which may partially explain the increased risk of gastric cancer associated with these strains. The goals of this study were to identify specific H. pylori genes that regulate epithelial cell cycle events and determine whether these effects were dependent upon p53-mediated pathways. AGS gastric epithelial cells were cultured alone or in the presence of 21 clinical H. pylori isolates, H. pylori reference strain 60190, or its isogenic cagA-, picB-, vacA-, or picB-/vacA- derivatives. Coculture of H. pylori with AGS cells significantly decreased cell viability, an effect most prominent with cag+ strains (P < 0.001 versus cag-strains). cag+ strains significantly increased progression of AGS cells from G1 into G2-M at 6 h and enhanced apoptosis by 72 h. Compared with the parental 60190 strain, the picB- mutant attenuated cell cycle progression at 6 h (P < or = 0.05), and decreased apoptosis with enhanced AGS cell viability at 24 h (P < or = 0.04). The vacA- mutant decreased apoptosis and enhanced viability at later (48-72 h) time points (P < or = 0.05). Compared with the wild-type strain, the picB-/vacA- double mutant markedly attenuated apoptosis and increased cell viability at all time points (P < or = 0.05). Furthermore, cocolonization with H. pylori had no significant effect on expression of p53, p21, and MDM2. The diminished AGS cell viability, progression to G2-M, and apoptosis associated with cag+ H. pylori strains were dependent upon expression of vacA and genes within the cag pathogenicity island. These results may explain heterogeneity in levels of gastric epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis found within H. pyloricolonized mucosa.
All‐inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon and soft threaded biodegradable interference screw fixation (1997)

A modification of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a minimally invasive and endoscopic all-inside technique is presented. Both the femoral and tibial socket are approached through the joint so that there is no open tibial tunnel, which otherwise often causes significant pain and discomfort during early rehabilitation. The autologous semitendinosus tendon is harvested with a bone plug attached to its tibial insertion. The triple-stranded semitendinosus tendon is looped around the adjacent bone plug and fixed at the original tibial attachment site of the ACL using a soft threaded biodegradable poly-(D,L-lactide) interference screw. The screw is inserted endoscopically in an inside-out direction. In the femoral socket the graft is fixed without a bone plug directly to the tunnel wall using the biodegradable screw. The free part of the graft is thus not longer than the intra-articular distance, which may increase stiffness of the construct.
Novel multicomponent reaction of [60]fullerene: the first example of 1,4-dipolar cycloaddition reaction in fullerene chemistry (2006)

The novel multicomponent reaction of [60]fullerene with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and isoquinoline, quinoline or substituted quinolines was investigated. This type of reaction presents the first example of a 1,4-dipolar cycloaddition reaction in fullerene chemistry.
Article (1998)

Some physical characteristics of photoluminescence spectra in GaAs--(Ga,Al)As quantum-wells under steady optical excitation conditions are presented. They are based on the dependence of photoluminescence on laser intensity. The variations of carrier density with laser intensity and electron--hole recombination decay time are compared with earlier experimental results. PACS Nos. 73.20 Dx, 73.20 Mf
The theory of the Thomson effect in electrical contacts (1949)

A general theorem is given concerning the influence of the Thomson effect on the location of the maximum temperature in an electrical contact. Its application to the theory of fine transfer in electrical contacts is discussed.
Consistent load balancing via spread minimization (2003)

Motivated by applications to web caching and other distributed server architectures, we analyze load balancing algorithms from the standpoint of spread, which measures the number of different assignments an item receives across multiple iterations of the algorithm on varying load distributions. Minimizing spread while balancing load is important in order to make efficient use of server resources such as memory and in order to minimize service latency. In the paper, we consider both on-line and off-line versions of the problem. Most importantly, we describe on-line load balancing algorithms with very low spread, which means that the assignments made for most items do not change even when the loads associated with the items do change. This means that load balancing is an example of a problem for which it is possible to find highly stable (or, consistent) on-line algorithms --- i.e. algorithms for which the output changes only slightly (with high probability) even if the inputs change dramatically.This paper is dedicated to the memory of Danny Lewin, who pioneered the notion of consistent hashing and its applications to load balancing and content distribution on the Internet. Danny's ideas furnished many of the underpinnings for the problem and algorithms studied herein.
Federal Research on Evaluation Methods in Health, Criminal Justice, and the Military (1980)

This paper reports on a survey of federally funded projects to improve evaluation methods. This survey reviewed the type of evaluation methods research currently being supported by federal agencies in the fields of health, criminal justice, and the military. Such a review creates a picture of the type of work currently being pursued in these areas and provides a basis for considering the types of new evaluation methods likely to become available to evaluation practitioners in these fields in the near future. While evaluation in education has been dominated in past years by measurement/research/objectives-based approaches, there has recently been an interest in alternative perspectives. For example, naturalistic (cf. Guba, 1978; Stake, 1975) and legal approaches (cf. Levine, 1974; Wolf, 1974, 1975) have been receiving attention as options for educational evaluation. An additional purpose for reviewing efforts to improve evaluation methods in health, criminal justice, and the military, therefore, is to identify other new approaches that might have utility in educational evaluation. Hence, a search was conducted for federally funded projects devoted to the improvement of evaluation methods. A representative sample of the projects funded by various federal agencies in the three areas of interest was obtained through a computerized search of the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange (a data bank of federaland state-funded projects), plus the examination of federal planning and project documents. Only evaluation methods research projects active during the 1978-1979 period were selected for study. The evaluation method projects were identified based on project abstracts and were selected according to the agencies' own definitions of evaluation methods research. Because of the large number of federally funded projects which are spread across our vast governmental bureaucracy, some relevant projects may have been overlooked. Therefore, the following analysis is based on what was designed to be a representative sample rather than an exhaustive compil tion.
Edinburgh Neural Machine Translation Systems for WMT 16 (2016)

We participated in the WMT 2016 shared news translation task by building neural translation systems for four language pairs, each trained in both directions: EnglishCzech, EnglishGerman, EnglishRomanian and EnglishRussian. Our systems are based on an attentional encoder-decoder, using BPE subword segmentation for open-vocabulary translation with a fixed vocabulary. We experimented with using automatic back-translations of the monolingual News corpus as additional training data, pervasive dropout, and target-bidirectional models. All reported methods give substantial improvements, and we see improvements of 4.3--11.2 BLEU over our baseline systems. In the human evaluation, our systems were the (tied) best constrained system for 7 out of 8 translation directions in which we participated.
Amino acid substitutions enhancing thermostability of <i>Bacillus polymyxa β</i>-glucosidase A (1996)

Mutations enhancing the thermostability of beta-glucosidase A of Bacillus polymyxa, a family 1 glycosyl hydrolase, have been obtained after hydroxylamine mutagenesis of a plasmid containing the bglA gene, transformation of Escherichia coli with the mutagenized plasmid, and identification of transformant colonies that showed beta-glucosidase activity after a thermal treatment that inactivated the wild-type enzyme. Two additive mutations have been characterized that cause replacement of glutamate at position 96 by lysine and of methionine at position 416 by isoleucine respectively. The thermoresistant mutant enzymes showed increased resistance to other denaturing agents, such as pH and urea, while their kinetic parameters did not change. CD spectra indicated that the E96K replacement caused an increase in alpha-helix content. The observed effect of the M416I mutation is consistent with the lower content of cysteine and methionine found in family 1 enzymes of thermophilic species compared with similar ones from mesophilic organisms.
A study of using automatic text indexing to analyze Web browsing behavior (2004)

In our study, we used the agent technique to record the users browsing behavior on the WWW, and dissect the unique user by browser cookie. In order to analyze the users browsing behavior, we used the automatic text indexing to find out the key-click of user browsing behavior. In the reporting system, we integrated the OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing) technique, pivot table, and statistic chart to present the user status of the Web site. A field experiment was conducted in this study. The subject was an Internet bookstore. Finally, we constructed the prototype system to prove the feasibility of this study.
Purine bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides: aqueous solution redox chemistry and transformation reactions of their radical cations and e- and OH adducts (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurine bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides: aqueous solution redox chemistry and transformation reactions of their radical cations and e- and OH adductsSteen SteenkenCite this: Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 3, 503–520Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00093a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00093a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2942Altmetric-Citations1062LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An SSIM-optimal H.264/AVC inter frame encoder (2009)

Rate-distortion optimization (RDO), in which distortion metric plays a vital role, has been proved to be an effective way in hybrid video coding. This paper proposes an improved rate-distortion optimization method based on SSIM (IRDO-SSIM) in RDO mode selection process. And the derivation of the proper multiplier to fit for the IRDO-SSIM is mainly described in this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better rate-distortion performance, especially for image sequences with middle-motion complexity or low encoding bit-rate as comparing with H.264/AVC using conventional RDO.
Synthèse de l'ériodermine (1985)

Synthesis of Eriodermin The total synthesis of eriodermin (=2,7‐dichloro‐4‐formyl 3‐hydroxy‐8‐methoxy‐1,6‐dimethyl‐11 H ‐dibenzo[ b , e ] [1,4]dioxepin‐11‐one) is described.
Controlling Deposition and Release of Polyol-Stabilized Latex on Boronic Acid-Derivatized Cellulose (2010)

Poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-stabilized polystyrene (PGMA-PS) latex particles undergo specific, pH-dependent adsorption onto regenerated cellulose film bearing surface phenylboronic acid groups (cellulose-PBA). Deposition occurs at pH 10 and is driven by the boronate ester formation with the polyol latex surface coating. In contrast, no deposition occurs at pH 4, and previously deposited particles can be readily desorbed at this lower pH. In control experiments, conventional anionic sulfate-stabilized polystyrene latex did not deposit onto the hydrophilic cellulose surface. The distribution of boronate groups in the cellulose was determined by exposure to Alizarin Red S dye, which forms a fluorescent complex with phenylboronic acid; confocal microscopy was used to determine a surface density of 3 nm(2) per boronic acid group on the cellulose surface. Although the boronic acid binding constant with PGMA is relatively low (5.4 L/mol), the cooperative interactions between multiple PBA surface sites and the many PGMA chains per latex particle are sufficient to induce specific latex adsorption, providing a convenient new tool for controlling nanoparticle deposition on surfaces.
Base Excision Repair Intermediates as Topoisomerase II Poisons (2001)

Abasic sites are the most commonly formed DNA lesions in the cell and are produced by numerous endogenous and environmental insults. In addition, they are generated by the initial step of base excision repair (BER). When located within a topoisomerase II DNA cleavage site, "intact" abasic sites act as topoisomerase II poisons and dramatically stimulate enzyme-mediated DNA scission. However, most abasic sites in cells are not intact. They exist as processed BER intermediates that contain DNA strand breaks proximal to the damaged residue. When strand breaks are located within a topoisomerase II DNA cleavage site, they create suicide substrates that are not religated readily by the enzyme and can generate permanent double-stranded DNA breaks. Consequently, the effects of processed abasic sites on DNA cleavage by human topoisomerase IIalpha were examined. Unlike substrates with intact abasic sites, model BER intermediates containing 5'- or 3'-nicked abasic sites or deoxyribosephosphate flaps were suicide substrates. Furthermore, abasic sites flanked by 5'- or 3'-nicks were potent topoisomerase II poisons, enhancing DNA scission approximately 10-fold compared with corresponding nicked oligonucleotides that lacked abasic sites. These findings suggest that topoisomerase II is able to convert processed BER intermediates to permanent double-stranded DNA breaks.
The Use of 1.1.1.‐Trichloroethane as an Optimized Additive to Improve the Silicon Thermal Oxidation Technology (1978)

Based on the pyrolysis of trichloroethene , also referred to as TCE, and the thermodynamic analysis of its reaction products a substitute for TCE is found. It is characterized by better physical and chemical properties and behaves as an additive during silicon oxidation identical to . This chlorinated hydrocarbon, 1.1.1.‐trichloroethane (referred to as C33) is used for fabrication of MOS capacitors on n‐type silicon to study the properties of oxides grown with this additive. Special attention is paid to the properties influencing the performance of charge coupled devices. Storage times of 500 sec, oxide defect density of 10/cm2, and surface‐state densities lower than are achieved. The cleaning effect on the furnace tube yields a mobile ion density lower than . The fixed oxide charge on (100) material is . Fabrication of CCD's with this technology proves its suitability in silicon device processing.