gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress induced lung cancer and COPD: opportunities for epigenetic therapy (2009)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) form as a natural by-product of the normal metabolism of oxygen and play important roles within the cell. Under normal circumstances the cell is able to maintain an adequate homeostasis between the formation of ROS and its removal through particular enzymatic pathways or via antioxidants. If however, this balance is disturbed a situation called oxidative stress occurs. Critically, oxidative stress plays important roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. Epigenetics is a process where gene expression is regulated by heritable mechanisms that do not cause any direct changes to the DNA sequence itself, and disruption of epigenetic mechanisms has important implications in disease. Evidence is emerging that histone deacetylases (HDACs) play decisive roles in regulating important cellular oxidative stress pathways including those involved with sensing oxidative stress and those involved with regulating the cellular response to oxidative stress. In particular aberrant regulation of these pathways by HDACs may play critical roles in cancer progression. In this review we discuss the current evidence linking epigenetics and oxidative stress and cancer, using chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and non-small cell lung cancer to illustrate the importance of epigenetics on these pathways within these disease settings.
Linear interferometric waveguide modulator for electromagnetic-field detection (1980)

A channel-waveguide interferometer with asymmetric arms, suitable for electromagnetic-field detection, is described. A π/2 intrinsic phase differential makes the output linearly proportional to the applied voltage (electromagnetic field). Horizontal and vertical electrode sets provide polarization-independent operation, with electrode lengths chosen to make the voltages approximately equal. In Ti-diffused devices in Z–X-cut LiNbO3, the TE- and TM-mode outputs are equally modulated with the horizontal voltage 43% of the vertical. Output linearity over a 40-dB range and operation up to 300 MHz are demonstrated.
Image edge detection method based on the direction feature of fuzzy entropy (2010)

To improve the image edge detection capability, this paper presents an image edge detection method based on the direction feature of fuzzy entropy. Firstly, the proposed method operates the fuzzy membership function and fuzzy entropy function for achieving a neighborhood fuzzy entropy feature space from the image feature to enhance the fuzzy edge contrast, and defines twelve valid edge direction structures in the 3×3 neighborhood of the feature space. Then it extracts the valid direction structural information arrays of every pixel point, and combines the direction structure measurement arrays to make non-maxima suppression. Finally the proposed method implements an adaptive threshold to estimate and determine image edges. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method has better performance in the image edge detection with more image detail information.
Olanzapine Addition in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Refractory to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (1999)

The results of this preliminary, open-label trial suggest that olanzapine may be effective in augmenting ongoing SSRI treatment for a portion of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder refractory to SSRI treatment. Larger, placebo-controlled trials appear warranted to investigate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine augmentation of SSRI treatment in SSRI-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Influence of Different Type Winding Clamps on a Transformer Losses (2012)

A 3D model is given for a three phase three limbs transformer, based on finite element method, the magnetic fields distribution are simulated, losses in metallic structure such as clamps, flitch plates and oil tank are analysed, the influence of winding clamp’s shapes on these losses are studied.
A 3 to 30 MHz high-resolution synthesizer consisting of a DDS, divide-and-mix modules, and a M/N synthesizer (2002)

A 3 to 30 MHz synthesizer is described that uses divide and mix modules to clean up the output of a DDS resulting in a building block signal source that generates an output at 10.7 MHz with a 4.2% tuning range. The divide and mix modules are based on a previously described narrowband design that has been modified for greater tuning range. Both the old and new designs exploit inexpensive ceramic filters that are normally used in the IF stages of radio receivers. The basic 10.7 MHz band is applied to an M/N synthesizer to produce an output band from 3 to 30 MHz. Various techniques for filtering harmonics from the frequency divider output are discussed, as well as circuit design details of the 10.7 MHz mixers and filters. A PLL version of the M/N synthesizer is described that covers the band from 240 to 700 MHz, again starting from the 10.7 MHz input.
Ion source for neutral beam injection meant for plasma and magnetic field diagnostics (2008)

At the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory a diagnostic neutral beam injection system for measuring plasma parameters, flow velocity, and local magnetic field is being developed. The system is designed to have a 90% proton fraction and small divergence with beam current at 5-6 A and a pulse length of approximately 1 s occurring once every 1-2 min. The ion source needs to generate uniform plasma over a large (8 x 5 cm(2)) extraction area. For this application, we have compared rf driven multicusp ion sources operating with either an external or an internal antenna in similar ion source geometry. The ion beam will be made of an array of six sheet-shaped beamlets. The design is optimized using computer simulation programs.
Colocalization of Lysosomal Hydrolase and β-Amyloid in Diffuse Plaques of the Cerebellum and Striatum in Alzheimerʼs Disease and Downʼs Syndrome (1996)

The lysosomal hydrolases, cathepsin D (Cat D) and β-hexosaminidase A (HEX), which are normally intracellular enzymes, colocalize with β-amyloid in a subgroup of diffuse plaques in the cerebellum and striatum of individuals with Alzheimer's disease or Down's syndrome. Using specific antisera in combination with single- and double-label immunocytochemical techniques, extracellular hydrolase was detected in 30 to 40% of the diffuse plaques in the cerebellar molecular layer and nearly all of the diffuse plaques in the striatum. In both Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome, about 5 to 10% of the cerebellar Purkinje cells contained abnormally increased numbers of hydrolase-positive lysosomes despite their normal appearance by conventional histologic stains. Occasional atrophic Purkinje cells identified by Nissl stain were intensely immunostained. By confocal imaging analysis, abnormal hydrolase-laden Purkinje cell dendrites were seen coursing through some hydrolase-positive plaques and were continuous with dendritic branches that terminated within deposits of extracellular hydrolase and β-amyloid. In the striatum, intensely immunostained abnormal-appearing neurons were commonly associated with extracellular deposits of hydrolase immunoreactivity and β-amyloid within diffuse plaques and in the less commonly seen classical plaques. In both brain regions, other hydrolase-negative β-amyloid deposits were seen, these being associated with blood vessels. The presence of HEX immunoreactivity in neurons, but not in glia, and its abundance in plaques support earlier studies, suggesting that neurons are the principal source of plaque hydrolase. An endosomal-lysosomal system upregulation, with increased hydrolase expression and extracellular enzyme deposition in plaques, is, like β-amyloid deposition, an early marker of metabolic dysfunction potentially related to primary etiologic events in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome.
Gender Differences in S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Activity in the Lung (2010)

S-nitrosothiols have been implicated in the etiology of various pulmonary diseases. Many of these diseases display gender preferences in presentation or altered severity that occurs with puberty, the mechanism by which is unknown. Estrogen has been shown to influence the expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) which is associated with increased S-nitrosothiol production. The effects of gender hormones on the expression and activity of the de-nitrosylating enzyme S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNO-R) are undefined. This report evaluates the effects of gender hormones on the activity and expression of GSNO-R and its relationship to N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). GSNO-R activity was elevated in lung homogenates from female compared to male mice. Increased activity was not due to changes in GSNO-R expression, but correlated with GSNO-R S-nitrosylation: females were greater than males. The ability of GSNO-R to be activated by S-nitrosylation was confirmed by: 1) the ability of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) to increase the activity of GSNO-R in murine pulmonary endothelial cells and 2) reduced activity of GSNO-R in lung homogenates from eNOS(-/-) mice. Gender differences in GSNO-R activity appear to explain the difference in the ability of NAC to induce PH: female and castrated male animals are protected from NAC-induced PH. Castration results in elevated GSNO-R activity that is similar to that seen in female animals. The data suggest that GSNO-R activity is modulated by both estrogens and androgens in conjunction with hormonal regulation of eNOS to maintain S-nitrosothiol homeostasis. Moreover, disruption of this eNOS-GSNO-R axis contributes to the development of PH.
Carrier Recovery Systems for Arbitrarily Mapped APK Signals (1982)

This paper introduces new carrier recovery techniques for general amplitude-phase keying (APK) modulation signals. The APK's include not only normal QAM but also arbitrarily mapped APK's, including an unsymmetrical APK. Difficulty in phase error detection due to signal mapping complexity, undesirable stable-lock point existence, and the contradiction between a fast acquisition and an accurate steady state performance can be overcome. For that purpose, an acquisition mode and a steady-state mode are used. Furthermore, read-only memories (ROM) are used for recognizing various system states. Random sampling controlled PLL noise performance and acquisition mode carrier recovery circuit pull-in performance with hysteresis property was obtained.
Endothelin as a regulator of cardiovascular function in health and disease (1998)

The endothelins are a family of endothelium-derived peptides that possess characteristically sustained vasoconstrictor properties. Endothelin-1 appears to be the predominant member of the family generated by vascular endothelial cells. In addition to its direct vascular effects, endothelin-1 has inotropic and mitogenic properties, influences homeostasis of salt and water, alters central and peripheral sympathetic activity and stimulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Studies with endothelin receptor antagonists have indicated that endothelin-1 probably has complex opposing vascular effects mediated through vascular smooth muscle and endothelial ET(A) and ET(B)receptors. Endogenous generation of endothelin-1 appears to contribute to maintenance of basal vascular tone and blood pressure through activation of vascular smooth muscle ET(A)receptors. At the same time, endogenous endothelin-1 acts through endothelial ET(B) receptors to stimulate formation of nitric oxide tonically and to oppose vasoconstriction. In view of the multiple cardiovascular actions of endothelin-1, there has been much interest in its contribution to the pathophysiology of hypertension. Results of most studies suggest that generation of, or sensitivity to, endothelin-1 is no greater in hypertensive than it is in normotensive subjects. Nonetheless, the deleterious vascular effects of endogenous endothelin-1 may be accentuated by reduced generation of nitric oxide caused by hypertensive endothelial dysfunction. It also appears likely that endothelin participates in the adverse cardiac and vascular remodelling of hypertension, as well as in hypertensive renal damage. Irrespective of whether vascular endothelin activity is increased in hypertension, anti-endothelin agents do produce vasodilatation and lower blood pressure in hypertensive humans. There is more persuasive evidence for increased endothelin-1 activity in secondary forms of hypertension, including pre-eclampsia and renal hypertension. Endothelin-1 also appears to play an important role in pulmonary hypertension, both primary and secondary to diseases such as chronic heart failure. The hypotensive effects of endothelin converting enzyme inhibitors and endothelin receptor antagonists should be useful in the treatment of hypertension and related diseases. Development of such agents will increase knowledge of the physiological and pathological roles of the endothelins, and should generate drugs with novel benefits.
Chemical products from cured unsaturated polyesters (1993)

Abstract Recovery of value from cured unsaturated polyesters, other than the approach of grinding the resin and blending it with virgin resin for applications of minor importance, has been difficult. The long established position of the resins in the marketplace, their complex composition, and economic considerations have been major obstacles. This article reports results obtained on recovery of soluble, well‐characterized products from cured resins by neutral hydrolysis and on some experimental applications of the products. © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Visualising the train garbage collector (2002)

This paper presents a novel method for visualising an incremental garbage collector, based on the well-known Train algorithm, that generates concise snapshots of its state and informative graphs of its operation over time. To obtain these visualisations we used GC-spy, a generic heap visualisation framework. We show how this easy-to-use tool provided a visualisation model that was effective in both confirming our pre-existing beliefs about the collector's operation and, more interestingly, highlighting unexpected patterns in its behaviour. Based on this successful experience, we advocate the use of similar visualisation approaches to better understand and ultimately tune, profile, and improve other equally complex garbage collectors.
Preparation and properties of a novel form-stable phase change material based on a gelator (2014)

Gelator/paraffin composites as a novel form-stable phase change material supported by a gelator network with high heat storage density and excellent thermal stability have been prepared.
Microbiological Safety Issues of Fresh Melons (2005)

In the U.S., melons are widely available year round and represent an importantdietary component. In 2001 annual per capita consumption was estimated to be14.9, 11.2, and 2.1 pounds for watermelon, cantaloupe, and honeydew melonsrespectively [1]. The value of these commodities in 2003 was reported to be$346,022,000, $372,965,000, and $93,241,000, respectively [2]. In recent yearsfresh-cut melons have become increasingly popular with consumers and nowaccount for a large and growing proportion of melon consumption. For most consumers, melons represent a refreshing and healthy dessertor snack. However, for a small number of consumers, the situation is quitedifferent; melon consumption has been a source of foodborne illness. At least17 melon-related outbreaks involving hundreds of cases have been reportedsince 1990 [3-5]. Additional outbreaks ascribed to ‘‘multiple fruit’’ or ‘‘fresh-cut fruit’’ also may have been due to contamination of an unspecified meloncomponent. While the largest melon-related outbreaks have been attributed tovarious salmonella serotypes, other human pathogens including Escherichiacoli O157:H7, Campylobacter jejuni, and Norwalk-like virus also have beenimplicated [4]. Survival and growth of human pathogens including salmonella, E. coliO157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes in melon flesh has been demonstrated[6-8]. Annous et al. [9] reported growth of S. Poona on cantaloupe rind at 20C. Salmonella outbreaks in 2000-2002 were traced by the U.S. Food andDrug Administration (FDA) to melons imported from Mexico [10]. On-farminvestigations in Mexico conducted by the FDA concluded that ‘‘measureswere not in place to minimize microbial contamination in growing, harvesting,packaging, and cooling of cantaloupe.’’ Detection of L. monocytogenes in cutmelons resulted in a recent product recall [11]. FDA surveys of imported anddomestic produce have documented the presence of salmonella and shigella incantaloupe [12,13]. The incidence of salmonella on imported cantaloupe (fromMexico, Costa Rica, and Guatemala) was 5.3% and on domestic cantaloupeswas 2.6%. Shigella also was detected on these samples, an incidence of 2% onthe imports and 0.9% on domestic melons. On October 28, 2002 the FDAissued an import alert on cantaloupes from Mexico, halting all such shipments.Subsequently, export of Mexican cantaloupes to the U.S. by a small number ofgrower/packers who met FDA safety criteria was resumed [10]. In this chapter some of the production and postharvest handling conditionsthat may contribute to microbial contamination of melons are examined.Studies of the efficacy of conventional washing practices in reducing the micro-bial load on melons are reviewed. Finally, current research results pointing tomeans of improving the efficacy of melon disinfection are examined.
Availability of the fibre subunit CsgA and the nucleator protein CsgB during assembly of fibronectin‐binding <i>curli</i> is limited by the intracellular concentration of the novel lipoprotein CsgG (1997)

Curli, an adhesive surface fibre produced by Escherichia coli and salmonellae, was proposed on the basis of genetic evidence to follow a distinct assembly pathway involving an extracellular intermediate of the fibre subunit CsgA, the polymerization of which can be induced at the cell surface by a 'nucleator' protein (CsgB). Here we show biochemically that CsgA is actively secreted to the extracellular milieu and that CsgB is surface located. We demonstrate that the putative curli assembly factor CsgG is an outer membrane-located lipoprotein. CsgG is highly resistant to protease digestion both in vivo and in vitro. During curli assembly, CsgG is required to maintain the stability of CsgA and CsgB. In line with this, it is possible to modulate the steady-state levels of CsgA and CsgB by varying intracellular levels of CsgG. This suggests that, in the absence of CsgG, CsgA and CsgB are proteolytically degraded. Moreover, curli production and steady-state levels of CsgA and CsgB can be increased above wild-type levels by overexpression of CsgG, meaning that the quantity of assembled curli fibres can be controlled by this lipoprotein.
ANODIC PHENOMENA IN THE ELECTROLYSIS OF LEAD FORMATE (1957)

A study of the reactions at gold and platinum anodes in the electrolysis of lead formate solutions has been made. At low current densities up to 15 ma/cm<sup>2</sup> the only product at the anode is lead peroxide. At higher current densities, the peroxide formation is suppressed to some extent and carbon dioxide liberation also takes place. The presence of free formic acid lowers the current efficiency of the deposition of lead peroxide on the anode. Mechanisms have been suggested to account for the different anodic phenomena-
Thermosensitive Structural Changes and Adsorption Properties of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) (2015)

We compared four types of ZIF-8 with varying sizes and shapes to determine their thermal-structural stability and derive appropriate thermal activation conditions and correlation between structural characteristics and adsorption properties. Under air, the ZIF-8 phase for all the samples was converted completely into the zinc oxide phase above ∼300 °C, though thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the original structure was stable to ∼300–350 °C. Longer exposures (∼30 d) suggested that thermal activation at ∼200 °C was appropriate for the removal of guest and/or solvent molecules under air without structural damage. Despite no noticeable change in X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns after activation at 250 °C under air, the resulting BET surface areas and CO2 adsorption amounts (at 1 bar and 30 °C) of ZIF-8s were reduced to ∼44–54 and ∼72–87%, respectively, as compared to those of appropriately activated ZIF-8s. It appears that after the activation at 250 °C under air, some Zn and N atoms were dissociated and converted to ZnOH and NOH, respectively, causing the partial structural damage of ZIF-8s.
Performance Measures, Blood Lactate and Plasma Ammonia as Indicators of Overwork in Elite Junior Weightlifters (1992)

The effects of short-term overwork on performance measures, blood lactate, and plasma ammonia concentrations were examined in 28 elite junior weightlifters who participated in a 2 wk high volume resistance training camp. Performance testing (maximum effort vertical jump test and snatch lift) and blood chemistry analyses (ammonia and lactate) were conducted before (T1) and after (T2) 7 d of high volume training (2-3 workouts/d). Blood samples were collected from an antecubital vein at rest, preexercise, 5 min postexercise, and 15 min postexercise at T1 and T2. Results indicated a significant decrease from T1 to T2 in the maximum effort vertical jump test while the snatch lift test yielded no difference across time. Blood lactate and ammonia concentrations were significantly lower at 5 min postexercise at T2 while resting ammonia concentrations were significantly elevated at T2 compared to corresponding measures at T1. These data suggest possible early symptoms of overwork at T2 (decrease in performance of the maximum effort vertical jump test and the elevated resting ammonia concentrations); however, lower 5 min postexercise concentrations of lactate and ammonia at T2 indicated a positive adaptation to the 1 wk high volume resistance training period.
Adolescents and MP3 players: too many risks, too few precautions (2009)

Prolonged exposure to loud music can induce hearing loss.Adolescents are increasingly exposed to loud music. What This Study AddsWhen using MP3 players, adolescents are much more likely to engage in risky behaviors than protective behaviors.Frequent use of MP3 players indicates the prevalence of MP3 player-related risky behaviors and the absence of preventive behaviors.
Inhibitor Studies of a New Antibiotic, Korormicin, 2-n-Heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide and Ag+ toward the Na+-Translocating NADH-Quinone Reductase from the Marine Vibrio alginolyticus. (1999)

A new antibiotic, korormicin, isolated from a marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. F-420, was found to strongly inhibit the respiratory chain-linked Na+-translocating NADH-quinone reductase (NQR) from the marine Vibrio alginolyticus. Similar to 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO), korormicin specifically inhibited the Na+-dependent reaction in the NQR complex that is directly coupled to the extrusion of Na+ from the cells. Both korormicin and HQNO acted as purely noncompetitive inhibitors with regard to Q-1, and the inhibitor constants were estimated to be 82 pM and 0.3 microM, respectively. Mutual exclusiveness of korormicin and HQNO was analyzed by kinetic methods, which indicated that a part of the binding site of korormicin and HQNO overlapped, preventing a simultaneous binding of the two inhibitors to the NQR complex. The site of Ag+ inhibition was the initial reaction of the NQR complex catalyzed by Nqr6 subunit. The time courses of Ag+ inhibition and the release of FAD indicate that the Ag+-denatured Nqr6 subunit gradually releases FAD.