gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photolysis of flutolanil fungicide and the effect of some photosensitizers. (1991)

Photolysis of the fungicide flutolanil, 3 -isopropoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzanilide, was investigated both in an aqueous solution and on solid surfaces (silica gel and glass) by irradiating with I V light under laboratory conditions. In an ethanolic aqueous solution, irradiation resulted in the formation of a major product [2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide] and some other products [2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid, A^-ethoxycarbonyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, etc.~\. The latter is considered to have been formed by the reaction with an organic solvent. Onthe solid surfaces, the main photoproduct was 2'-amino-4'-isopropoxyphenyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ketone, a product from the photo-Fries rearrangement reaction. Another photoproduct, 3'-hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzanilide was obtained only on the glass surface, this desisopropylated compound not being detected under any other conditions. The photolysis of this fungicide, was accelerated more by carbonyl compounds such as benzophenone, acetophenone, flavone and xanthone than by dye photosensitizers like rose bengal, chlorophyllin and riboflavin.
<title>Rapid analysis of microbial systems using vibrational spectroscopy and supervised learning methods: application to the discrimination between methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphy</title> (1998)

FTIR spectra were obtained from 15 methicillin-resistant and 22 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains using our DRASTIC approach. Cluster analysis showed that the major source of variation between the IR spectra was not due to their resistance or susceptibility to methicillin; indeed early studies suing pyrolysis mass spectrometry had shown that this unsupervised analysis gave information on the phage group of the bacteria. By contrast, artificial neural networks, based on a supervised learning, could be trained to recognize those aspects of the IR spectra which differentiated methicillin-resistant from methicillin- susceptible strains. These results give the first demonstration that the combination of FTIR with neural networks can provide a very rapid and accurate antibiotic susceptibility testing technique.
Lanthanide Carboxylate Precursors for Diene Polymerization Catalysis:  Syntheses, Structures, and Reactivity with Et<sub>2</sub>AlCl (2001)

Synthetic, structural, and reactivity results are presented on neodymium and lanthanum carboxylates that can function as models for diene polymerization catalysts. The neodymium and lanthanum carboxylates {Nd[O2CC(CH3)2CH2CH3]3}x (1) and {La[O2CC(CH3)2CH2CH3]3}x (2) were synthesized from the lanthanide metal and 2,2-dimethylbutyric acid in the presence of a catalytic amount of HgCl2 and Hg(OAc)2. Nd2[O2CCH(C6H5)CH2CH3]6[HO2CCH(C6H5)CH2CH3]4 (3) was prepared similarly from neodymium powder and 2-phenylbutyric acid. 1 and 2 crystallize from hot pyridine as the dimeric pyridine adducts Nd2[O2CC(CH3)2CH2CH3]6[pyridine]4 (4) and La2[O2CC(CH3)2CH2CH3]6[pyridine]4 (5). 3 crystallizes from hexanes as the carboxylic acid adduct. 1 and 2 react with Et2AlCl to form the isolable solids 6 and 7, which react with Al(iBu)3 to generate catalytically active systems which polymerize isoprene, ethylene, and styrene. Although crystallization of 6 from THF forms NdCl3(THF)4 (8) and crystallization of 7 from pyridine forms [LaCl3(pyridine)4]2 (9), complexes 6 and 7 are not simply LnCl3, since elemental analyses show that they contain aluminum.
Cost and Performance Comparison of an Earth- Orbiting Optical Communication Relay Transceiver and a Ground-Based Optical Receiver Subnet (2003)

Optical communications can provide high-data-rate telemetry from deep-space probes with subsystems that have lower mass, consume less power, and are smaller than their radio frequency (RF) counterparts. However, because optical communication is more affected by weather than is RF communication, it requires groundstation site diversity to mitigate the adverse effects of inclement weather on the link. An optical relay satellite is not affected by weather and can provide 24-hour coverage of deep-space probes. Using such a relay satellite for the deep-space link and an 8.4-GHz (X-band) link to a ground station would support high-data-rate links from small deep-space probes with very little link loss due to inclement weather. We have reviewed past JPL-funded work on RF and optical relay satellites, and on proposed clustered and linearly dispersed optical subnets. Cost comparisons show that the life cycle costs of a 7-m optical relay station based on the heritage of the Next Generation Space Telescope is comparable to that of an 8-station subnet of 10m optical ground stations. This makes the relay link an attractive option vis-` a-vis a ground-station network.
Influence of different prostaglandin applications on cervical rheology (1985)

The softening effect of prostaglandin (PG) on cervical tissue prior to elective pregnancy termination is quantified by a new technique for the measurement of the elastance and relaxation of the cervix. The method is based on the pressure-volume relation of a compliant balloon placed in the cervical canal. These properties have been measured before and after different applications of prostaglandins in 58 patients electively terminating pregnancy. Application techniques used included high pressure jet application of PGE2 into the tissue of the portio uteri and the internal cervical os (120 micrograms), PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in Tylose gel (100 micrograms/0.5 ml); PGE2 as an intracervical tablet (150 micrograms) and PGE2 oral tablets placed into the posterior fornix of the vagina. Significant changes in cervical elastance were seen with the intracervically applied PGE2 in Tylose gel and the vaginally applied PGE2 tablets. The intracervically applied PGE2 gel also gave significant changes in cervical relaxation. No side effects other than mild cramping (2 patients) were seen with any of the applications in this study.
Insulin resistance is accompanied by impairment of amylase-gene expression in the exocrine pancreas of the obese Zucker rat (1986)

Insulin plays a major role in the control of pancreatic amylase biosynthesis. In this study we determined glucose metabolism by pancreatic acini as well as the pancreatic content of both amylase protein and amylase mRNA during development of insulin resistance in the obese Zucker rat. At age 4 weeks there were no abnormalities detected in the above parameters, although the obese animals were already hyperinsulinaemic. At 6 weeks glucose metabolism was decreased by 50% in acini from obese rats, whereas pancreatic amylase-gene expression was only slightly impaired. At 22 weeks glucose metabolism was decreased by 50%, amylase content by 55% and amylase mRNA by 60% in acinar tissue of obese rats. As expected, hyperinsulinaemia increased markedly with age. Thus development of severe insulin resistance was associated with impairment of amylase-gene expression. To decrease insulin resistance, one group of adult obese rats was treated with Ciglitazone for 4 weeks. A lowered plasma insulin concentration without alteration of food intake was taken as evidence of decreased insulin resistance. This was associated with normalization of glucose metabolism and a marked increase of both amylase content of pancreatic tissue and amylase mRNA. In conclusion, both the increase of insulin resistance with age and its partial reversal by Ciglitazone treatment appear to modulate pancreatic amylase-gene expression in the obese Zucker rat.
Pharmacotherapy for Nicotine Dependence (2005)

Approximately 50% of long-term cigarette smokers die prematurely from the adverse effects of smoking, including on cancer, cardiovascular disease, lung disease, or other illness. This risk can be substantially reduced by smoking cessation, with greater benefits occurring the earlier in the smoking career that cessation occurs. However, cessation provides benefits at any stage, including after the onset of smoking-related disease, by improving the prognosis and quality of life. Clinicians can have a significant impact on reducing tobacco use by their patients by following the US Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guidelines. Proven strategies include structured methods of advising cigarette smokers to quit and guidance to facilitate their efforts, as well as the use of various pharmacotherapies. Pharmacotherapies for tobacco dependence include nicotine replacement medications in the form of gum, transdermal patch, lozenge, sublingual tablet, nasal spray, and vapor inhaler formulations. The only nonnicotine medication that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration is bupropion. Combination therapies, long-term medication therapies, and harm reduction strategies may further improve outcome with approved medications. Further, new medications such as varenicline and rimonabant are likely to reach tobacco users who are refractory to current treatments. Increasing the treatment options, increasing availability, and reducing the perceived cost of these medications may have an additional public health impact.
Intact adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion but impaired cortisol response in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Effect of glucocorticoids. (1996)

Impaired cortisol secretion in patients with RA in the presence of intact ACTH secretion is consistent with relative adrenal glucocorticoid insufficiency. Adrenal impairment may be secondary to the inflammatory disease process.
A ternary content addressable search engine (1989)

The design, implementation, and experimental results for a ternary content addressable search engine chip, known as the Database Accelerator (DBA), are discussed. The DBA chip architecture is presented. It is well suited to serve as a coprocessor for a variety of logic search applications. The core of the DBA system is composed of novel high-density content addressable memory (CAM) cells capable of storing three states. The design of these cells and their support circuitry are described. The CAM cell and support circuitry were fabricated and their operation confirmed. The circuit implementation of the DMA data path is described with particular emphasis on the optimization of the multiple response resolver. The timing and control methodology, which simultaneously satisfies the complexity, speed, and robustness requirements of the DBA chip, are reported. Experimental DBA chip results that verify the full functionality and testability of the design are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hydrogel-delivered brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes tissue repair and recovery after stroke (2016)

Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability. Systemic delivery of candidate neural repair therapies is limited by the blood-brain barrier and off-target effects. We tested a bioengineering approach for local depot release of BDNF from the infarct cavity for neural repair in chronic periods after stroke. The brain release levels of a hyaluronic acid hydrogel + BDNF were tested in several stroke models in mouse (strains C57Bl/6, DBA) and non-human primate ( Macaca fascicularis) and tracked with MRI. The behavioral recovery effects of hydrogel + BDNF and the effects on tissue repair outcomes were determined. Hydrogel-delivered BDNF diffuses from the stroke cavity into peri-infarct tissue over 3 weeks in two mouse stroke models, compared with 1 week for direct BDNF injection. Hydrogel delivery of BDNF promotes recovery of motor function. Mapping of motor system connections indicates that hydrogel-BDNF induces axonal sprouting within existing cortical and cortico-striatal systems. Pharmacogenetic studies show that hydrogel-BDNF induces the initial migration of immature neurons into the peri-infarct cortex and their long-term survival. In chronic stroke in the non-human primate, hydrogel-released BDNF can be detected up to 2 cm from the infarct, a distance relevant to human functional recovery in stroke. The hydrogel can be tracked by MRI in mouse and primate.
Inefficient Translation Renders the Enterococcus faecalis fabK Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase Phenotypically Cryptic (2013)

Enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase catalyzes the last step of the bacterial fatty acid elongation cycle. Enterococcus faecalis is unusual in that it encodes two unrelated enoyl-ACP reductases, FabI and FabK. We recently reported that deletion of the gene encoding FabI results in an unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) auxotroph despite the presence of fabK, a gene encoding a second fully functional enoyl-ACP reductase. By process of elimination, our prior report argued that poor expression was the reason that fabK failed to functionally replace FabI. We now report that FabK is indeed poorly expressed and that the expression defect is at the level of translation rather than transcription. We isolated four spontaneous mutants that allowed growth of the E. faecalis ΔfabI strain on fatty acid-free medium. Each mutational lesion (single base substitution or deletion) extended the fabK ribosome binding site. Inactivation of fabK blocked growth, indicating that the mutations acted only on fabK rather than a downstream gene. The mutations activated fabK translation to levels that supported fatty acid synthesis and hence cell growth. Furthermore, site-directed and random mutagenesis experiments showed that point mutations that resulted in increased complementarity to the 3' end of the 16S rRNA increased FabK translation to levels sufficient to support growth, whereas mutations that decreased complementarity blocked fabK translation.
Message-Passing Receiver for Joint Channel Estimation and Decoding in 3D Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems (2016)

In this paper, we address the design of message-passing receiver for massive multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplex (MIMO-OFDM) systems. With the aid of the central limit argument and Taylor-series approximation, a computationally efficient receiver that performs joint channel estimation and decoding is devised by the framework of expectation propagation. In particular, the local belief defined at the channel transition function is expanded up to the second order with Wirtinger calculus, to transform the messages sent by the channel transition function to a tractable form. As a result, the channel impulse response between each pair of antennas is estimated by Gaussian message passing. In addition, a variational expectation-maximization-based method is derived to learn the channel power-delay profiles. The proposed scheme is assessed in 3D massive MIMO-OFDM systems with spatially correlated channels, and the empirical results corroborate its superiority in terms of performance and complexity.
Instrumentation for ballistic missile defense: lessons learned from the LEAP experiment (2002)

Integrating instrumentation into complex systems demands careful planning, execution, and testing. Ballistic missile defense is a complex system with many distributed components: radar and imaging sensors, wireless and satellite communications, digital signal processing nodes, interceptor fire control, and command centers. The U.S. Navy has investigated the feasibility of missile defense through the Light Exo-Atmospheric Projectile (LEAP) experiment. This paper explains the lessons learned by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory from building, integrating, and testing instrumentation in the LEAP experiment and gives insights for designing complex systems. The biggest challenge in the LEAP experiment involved people: communications between the large number of contractors and their understanding of the interactions between the various instruments. Other concerns included verifying software and system operation, robust data and satellite communications, time and coordinate conversions, and electromagnetic interference. LEAP demonstrated that complex systems and missile defense system in particular, can only work through careful design, dedicated teamwork, clear and continuous communications, and extensive testing.
Annulated Borepin-1-ol: Coordinative Control of Aromaticity and Photophysical Properties (2014)

Abstract Annulated borepinol 1 was designed and synthesized. Borepinol 1 exhibited aromaticity that could be controlled by coordination at the boron center. Disrupted coordination by nucleophiles resulted in blue shifts in the UV–vis spectra, and this coordination was affected by the molecular structure of the nucleophiles. Borepinol 1 appeared to selectively bind to dopamine over norepinephrine, which are normally difficult to differentiate.
A Study of ΔNp63 Expression in Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinomas (2012)

Distinguishing between lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma is becoming increasingly important, given the different treatment regimens available. Although histologic subdivision between the two is generally not difficult in differentiated tumors, it can be challenging in poorly differentiated tumors and may require a panel of immunohistochemistry stains. The p63 gene encodes two different N-termini (TA and ΔN). ΔNp63 is selectively expressed in squamous cell carcinoma, whereas TAp63 is not restricted only to it. 4A4, a widely used anti-p63 antibody, identifies both isoforms and is expressed in about 15% of adenocarcinomas, and, although generally focal, its expression can be diffuse. In this study, a total of 150 lung adenocarcinomas and 50 squamous cell carcinomas were immunostained by antibodies for p63 (4A4), ΔNp63 (p40), and TTF-1 (8G7G3/1). Twenty-seven adenocarcinomas (18%) were positive for p63 to a variable extent, with diffuse reaction being seen in 13 tumors (8.7%). p63 expression was seen in all subtypes of adenocarcinomas, except for the mucinous type. p40 was negative in all adenocarcinomas. All squamous cell carcinomas were diffusely positive for both p63 and p40. Four of 27 p63-positive adenocarcinomas were negative for TTF-1. p63 expression is not uncommonly seen in adenocarcinomas, whereas ΔNp63 (p40) expression is specific for squamous cell carcinoma, with sensitivity comparable to that of p63 expression. Presence of p63-positive cells in poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma may be erroneously interpreted as evidence of squamous cell differentiation. p40 appears to be a more reliable marker for squamous cell carcinoma.
Understanding anger and aggression (2008)

Abstract Anger and aggression are part of the human condition, but problems can arise when they run out of control. Mark Greener reports on some recent studies that are helping to increase our understanding of these behaviours and offer the prospect of developing novel treatment strategies. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Recognizing moving objects from orthographic views (2003)

Develops algorithms to recognize moving rigid objects from orthographic views using point correspondence. The existence of a unique solution can be determined using orthographic views alone. The authors also developed unified linear algorithms to recognize moving objects. They propose new algorithms to recognize general objects using 4-point correspondence over 3 views, and to recognize objects on a plane using fewer correspondences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Expression of the <i>pspA</i> gene stimulates efficient protein export in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1993)

Expression of several mutant forms of outer membrane protein PhoE of Escherichia coli, which are disturbed in normal biogenesis, resulted in high expression of a 26 kDa protein. This 26 kDa protein fractionated as a peripherally bound inner membrane protein. It appeared to be identical to a previously identified protein (PspA = phage shock protein A) of unknown function that is induced upon infection of E. coli with filamentous phages. PspA was not expressed upon synthesis of mutant PhoE proteins in a secB mutant, nor upon expression of a PhoE mutant that lacks the signal sequence, suggesting that entrance into the export pathway of prePhoE is essential for induction. PspA synthesis was also induced under other conditions that are known to block the export apparatus, i.e. in secA, secD and secF mutants when grown at their non-permissive temperature or upon induction of the synthesis of MalE-LacZ or LamB-LacZ hybrid proteins. The inducing conditions for PspA synthesis suggested a role for this protein in export. In vivo pulse-chase experiments showed that the translocation of (mutant) prePhoE and of the precursors of other exported proteins was retarded in a pspA mutant strain. Also, in in vitro translocation assays, a role for PspA in protein transport could be demonstrated.
Arcing fault detection for distribution feeders: security assessment in long term field trials (1995)

A downed conductor, arcing fault detection system has been designed using multiple protection algorithms. An intelligent analysis system processes the outputs from several algorithms to determine the "confidence" that a fault exists. The design includes careful attention to discriminating arcing faults from normal system activity to ensure system security. Key to the acceptance of this system is testing under actual field conditions. The results of long term tests on five utilities are presented. The behavior of the prototype systems to staged faults, naturally occurring faults, and normal system disturbances is described. Conclusions are drawn concerning the practical viability of this system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Long non-coding RNA Rpph1 promotes inflammation and proliferation of mesangial cells in diabetic nephropathy via an interaction with Gal-3 (2019)

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most significant complications of diabetes and is the primary cause of end-stage kidney disease. Cumulating evidence has shown that renal inflammation plays a role in the development and progression of DN, but the exact cellular mechanisms are unclear. Irregular expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is present in many diseases, including DN. However, the relationship between lncRNAs and inflammation in DN is unclear. In this study, we identified differentially expressed lncRNAs in DN using RNA-sequencing. Among these lncRNAs, we identified seven DN-related lncRNAs in vivo and in vitro using quantitative real-time PCR. One lncRNA in particular, Rpph1 (ribonuclease P RNA component H1), exhibited significantly increased expression. Further, over-expression or knockdown of Rpph1 was found to regulate cell proliferation and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in mesangial cells (MCs). The results revealed that Rpph1 directly interacts with the DN-related factor galectin-3 (Gal-3). Further, over-expression of Rpph1 promoted inflammation and cell proliferation through the Gal-3/Mek/Erk signaling pathway in MCs under low glucose conditions, while knockdown of Rpph1 inhibited inflammation and cell proliferation through the Gal-3/Mek/Erk pathway in MCs under high glucose conditions. These results provide new insight into the association between Rpph1 and the Gal-3/Mek/Erk signaling pathway during DN progression.
Starch-based plastics and related products for agriculture (1983)

In a continuing program to develop biodegradable plastics for mulch and other agricultural applications, we found that incorporating water-soluble, biodegradable plasticizers and low-density polyethylene into starch ethylene acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) films increased the rates of biodegradation without adversely affecting plastic properties. Adding a strong base to the starch-EAA formulation caused the films to have semipermeable or dialysis characteristics. A new technique was developed for encapsulating pesticides that is based on a starch-borate complex. In addition to a wide range of other applications, starch-encapsulated herbicides may play an important role in controlling weed problems associated with plastic tunnels, without crop injury.