gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Pt(CN-<i>p</i>-(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>2</sub>, a Crystalline Vapoluminescent Compound That Detects Vapor-Phase Aromatic Hydrocarbons (2002)

The vapochromic and vapoluminescent compound Pt(CN-p-(C(2)H(5))C(6)H(4))(2)(CN)(2) (abbreviated PtC(2)) is conveniently synthesized by the thermal rearrangement of [Pt(CN-p-(C(2)H(5))C(6)H(4))(4)][Pt(CN)(4)]. Recrystallization of PtC(2) gives a crystalline orange morph (O-PtC(2)) and an amorphous purple morph (P-PtC(2)) that both contain the cis isomer and differ only in their solid-state packing arrangements. Both compounds were fully characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, NMR, IR, and TGA. O-PtC(2) is vapochromic and vapoluminescent: it reversibly sorbs aromatic hydrocarbons and ethanol from air or nitrogen with resulting color changes and shifts in the emission spectrum. The lambda(max) values (nm) for emission from O-PtC(2) x (guest) are as follows: no guest, 611; toluene, 565; benzene, 586; chlorobenzene, 592; p-xylene, 585; mesitylene, 565; ethanol, 587. In the case of toluene and mesitylene, intermediate emitting phases are observed. Recrystallization of O-PtC(2) from dichloromethane/toluene gave single crystals of PtC(2) x 0.5(toluene). The single-crystal X-ray structure of PtC(2) x 0.5(toluene) contains infinite stacks of cis geometry and planar molecules with chains of platinum atoms parallel to the c axis of the monoclinic unit cell. The average Pt-Pt separation in PtC(2) x 0.5(toluene) is c/4 = 3.288(2) A. There are solvent channels parallel with the c axis that contain the toluene molecule guests. Thin films of O-PtC(2) rapidly sorb toluene from the gas phase to form PtC(2) x 0.25(toluene) and PtC(2) x 0.5(toluene). Long-term exposure gives PtC(2) x 1.0(toluene). Removal of the toluene source causes rapid desorption to PtC(2) x 0.5(toluene) and then to PtC(2) x 0.25(toluene). The remaining 0.25(toluene) lattice guests require heating for rapid removal. X-ray powder diffraction identified the PtC(2),PtC(2) x .25(toluene), and PtC(2) x 0.5(toluene) phases and showed that the sorption of toluene is accompanied by small changes in the unit cell dimensions that include lengthening the Pt-Pt distances in the structure. The sorption process improves the packing in the structure by utilizing some of the free volume for the toluene lattice guests.
Concise synthesis and anti-HIV activity of pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imines and related tricyclic heterocycles (2012)

3,4-Dihydro-2H,6H-pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imine (PD 404182) is a virucidal heterocyclic compound active against various viruses, including HCV, HIV, and simian immunodeficiency virus. Using facile synthetic approaches that we developed for the synthesis of pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imines and related tricyclic derivatives, the parallel structural optimizations of the central 1,3-thiazin-2-imine core, the benzene part, and the cyclic amidine part of PD 404182 were investigated. Replacement of the 6-6-6 pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imine framework with 5-6-6 or 6-6-5 derivatives led to a significant loss of anti-HIV activity, and introduction of a hydrophobic group at the 9- or 10-positions improved the potency. In addition, we demonstrated that the PD 404182 derivative exerts anti-HIV effects at an early stage of viral infection.
Trichohyalin is a Potential Major Autoantigen in Human Alopecia Areata (2010)

Several lines of evidence support an autoimmune basis for alopecia areata (AA), a common putative autoimmune hair loss disorder. However, definitive support is lacking largely because the identity of hair follicle (HF) autoantigen(s) involved in its pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we isolated AA-reactive HF-specific antigens from normal human scalp anagen HF extracts by immunoprecipitation using serum antibodies from 10 AA patients. Samples were analyzed by LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, which indicated strong reactivity to the hair growth phase-specific structural protein trichohyalin in all AA sera. Keratin 16 (K16) was also identified as another potential AA-relevant target HF antigen. Double immunofluorescence studies using AA (and control sera) together with a monoclonal antibody to trichohyalin revealed that AA sera contained immunoreactivity that colocalized with trichohyalin in the growth phase-specific inner root sheath of HF. Furthermore, a partial colocalization of AA serum reactivity with anti-K16 antibody was observed in the outer root sheath of the HF. In summary, this study supports the involvement of an immune response to anagen-specific HFs antigens in AA and specifically suggests that an immune response to trichohyalin and K16 may have a role in the pathogenesis of the enigmatic disorder.
Arginase II Promotes Macrophage Inflammatory Responses Through Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species, Contributing to Insulin Resistance and Atherogenesis (2012)

Arg-II promotes macrophage proinflammatory responses through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, contributing to insulin resistance and atherogenesis. Targeting Arg-II represents a potential therapeutic strategy in type II diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:e000992 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.000992.).
New aminothiazolylglycylcephalosporins with a 1,5-dihydroxy-4-pyridone-2-carbonyl group. II. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of MT0703 and its diastereomers. (1990)

A practical synthetic method for large scale production of MT0703, (6R,7R)-7-[(RS)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1,5-dihydroxy-4-pyridon e-2- carboxamido)acetamido]-3-[[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridinium-4- yl]thiomethyl]ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate, was established. Its two diastereomers on configuration of the aminothiazolylglycyl moiety were synthesized using chemico-enzymatic method. The S-isomer of MT0703 was found to be more active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including beta-lactamase-producing strains than the R-isomer.
Solution Synthesized <i>p</i>-Type Copper Gallium Oxide Nanoplates as Hole Transport Layer for Organic Photovoltaic Devices (2015)

p-Type metal-oxide hole transport layer (HTL) suppresses recombination at the anode and hence improves the organic photovoltaic (OPV) device performance. While NiOx has been shown to exhibit good HTL performance, very thin films (<10 nm) are needed due to its poor conductivity and high absorption. To overcome these limitations, we utilize CuGaO2, a p-type transparent conducting oxide, as HTL for OPV devices. Pure delafossite phase CuGaO2 nanoplates are synthesized via microwave-assisted hydrothermal reaction in a significantly shorter reaction time compared to via conventional heating. A thick CuGaO2 HTL (∼280 nm) in poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) devices achieves 3.2% power conversion efficiency, on par with devices made with standard HTL materials. Such a thick CuGaO2 HTL is more compatible with large-area and high-volume printing process.
Parallel Implementation of Decision-Aided Maximum-Likelihood Phase Estimation in Coherent $M$-ary Phase-Shift Keying Systems (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> To make decision-aided (DA) maximum-likelihood (ML) phase estimation suitable for real-time processing, a parallel implementation is proposed. The variance of the phase error using the parallel DA ML is analytically examined. The bit-error-rate performance is also analytically investigated in different <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$M$</tex></formula>-ary phase-shift keying (PSK) systems. The results show that parallel DA ML can outperform block <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$M$</tex></formula>th-power in binary PSK format, while suffering performance penalty originating from parallelism and pipelining in high-order PSK formats. </para>
EMI comparison between Si and SiC technology in a boost converter (2012)

In this paper we present a comparison of the EMI generated by a dc-dc boost converter, using silicon (Si) or silicon-carbide (SiC) diodes and/or MOSFET. EMI was compared using Si technology as reference. The comparison parameters were the switching times, and the conducted and radiated EMI. The paper shows that the use of SiC diode has great influence on the radiated EMI. The use of SiC MOSFET combined with Si diode reduces the radiated and conducted EMI generated by the converter.
Radial mass sensitivity of the quartz crystal microbalance in liquid media (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadial mass sensitivity of the quartz crystal microbalance in liquid mediaMichael D. Ward and Edward J. DelawskiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 9, 886–890Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00009a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views641Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (659 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Helicobacter pylori infection and serum pepsinogen A, pepsinogen C, and gastrin in gastritis and peptic ulcer: significance of inflammation and effect of bacterial eradication. (1994)

These findings suggest that hypergastrinemia and hyperpepsinogenemia are secondary to H. pylori infection and are related to mucosal inflammation.
Versatile biomimetic dendrimer templates used in the formation of TiO2 and GeO2 (2008)

Biomimetic synthesis is emerging as an advantageous alternative to the harsh synthetic conditions traditionally used in metal oxide syntheses techniques. Silaffins, proteins from the C. fusiformis diatom, form silica in an aqueous environment under benign conditions. Amine terminated PAMAM and PPI dendrimers are effective mimics of silaffins and other silica precipitating polyamines. We have expanded the scope of dendrimer mediated metal oxide formation to include titanium dioxide, a photocatalyst, and germanium dioxide, a blue photoluminescent material. The nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). A variable temperature XRD analysis of TiO(2) nanoparticles was conducted to study the transition from anatase to rutile. TiO(2) nanoparticles synthesized in phosphate buffer showed a 200 degrees C decrease in the anatase to rutile transition temperature relative to TiO(2) templated in water. XRD analysis of GeO(2) nanoparticles in either water or phosphate buffer reveal crystalline alpha-phase germanium oxide. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the synthesis of crystalline GeO(2) under ambient conditions.
A comparative fine structure study of rat cerebral cortex following ultra-rapid freezing and conventional chemical fixation procedures. (1988)

Adult rat (Sprague-Dawley) cerebral cortex was processed by ultra-rapid freezing at liquid helium temperature followed by freeze-substitution, osmium fixation and by other chemical, post-osmication procedures at 0-4 degrees and ambient temperatures as a comparative study for purposes of identifying differences and/or similarities in fine structure following these techniques. Five methods of processing were used: 1) rapid, slam-freezing at liquid helium temperature followed by osmium tetroxide/acetone freeze substitution; 2) perfusion with buffered, 2% glutaraldehyde at ambient temperature followed by post-osmication (2%); 3) en-bloc, buffered 2% glutaraldehyde fixation at 0-5 degrees centigrade and post-osmication (2%); 4) buffered, 2% osmium tetroxide perfusion at ambient temperature; and 5) en-bloc, buffered 2% osmium tetroxide fixation at 0-5 degrees centigrade. In ultra-rapid-frozen cortex good preservation was seen to a depth of 10-15 microns from the surface of the initial, copper-block contact. The tissue processed by ultra-rapid-freeze, freeze substitution demonstrates a general 'smoothness' of plasmalemmal and organelle membranes not observed in tissue prepared by chemical fixation alone. Cellular and organelle morphological differences were minor beyond the general 'smoothness' of membranes and a more intense background, electron density found in tissue prepared by rapid-freeze. Of particular interest was the practically identical images found in the four, chemical techniques not preceded by ultra-rapid freezing. High magnification images also revealed rather minor differences following ultra-rapid-freezing compared to tissue fixed by chemical fixation alone. Although these morphological differences are minimal, there can be no question of the fact that ultra-rapid-freeze followed by freeze-substitution is morphologically superior to chemical fixation alone. Ultra-rapid-freeze, eventually utilizing other substitution agents than osmium tetroxide, will offer several advantages and should be particularly useful for investigators involved in cytochemical and immunochemical methods.
Rapid amide cleavage assisted by a neighboring hydroxylamino function (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid amide cleavage assisted by a neighboring hydroxylamino functionTheodore Cohen and William F. GrayCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 5, 741–744Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00970a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00970a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fast Approximate Similarity Search in Extremely High-Dimensional Data Sets (2005)

This paper introduces a practical index for approximate similarity queries of large multi-dimensional data sets: the spatial approximation sample hierarchy (SASH). A SASH is a multi-level structure of random samples, recursively constructed by building a SASH on a large randomly selected sample of data objects, and then connecting each remaining object to several of their approximate nearest neighbors from within the sample. Queries are processed by first locating approximate neighbors within the sample, and then using the pre-established connections to discover neighbors within the remainder of the data set. The SASH index relies on a pairwise distance measure, but otherwise makes no assumptions regarding the representation of the data. Experimental results are provided for query-by-example operations on protein sequence, image, and text data sets, including one consisting of more than 1 million vectors spanning more than 1.1 million terms - far in excess of what spatial search indices can handle efficiently. For sets of this size, the SASH can return a large proportion of the true neighbors roughly 2 orders of magnitude faster than sequential search.
Translating Effects of Inbreeding Depression on Component Vital Rates to Overall Population Growth in Endangered Bighorn Sheep (2011)

Evidence of inbreeding depression is commonly detected from the fitness traits of animals, yet its effects on population growth rates of endangered species are rarely assessed. We examined whether inbreeding depression was affecting Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae), a subspecies listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Our objectives were to characterize genetic variation in this subspecies; test whether inbreeding depression affects bighorn sheep vital rates (adult survival and female fecundity); evaluate whether inbreeding depression may limit subspecies recovery; and examine the potential for genetic management to increase population growth rates. Genetic variation in 4 populations of Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep was among the lowest reported for any wild bighorn sheep population, and our results suggest that inbreeding depression has reduced adult female fecundity. Despite this population sizes and growth rates predicted from matrix-based projection models demonstrated that inbreeding depression would not substantially inhibit the recovery of Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep populations in the next approximately 8 bighorn sheep generations (48 years). Furthermore, simulations of genetic rescue within the subspecies did not suggest that such activities would appreciably increase population sizes or growth rates during the period we modeled (10 bighorn sheep generations, 60 years). Only simulations that augmented the Mono Basin population with genetic variation from other subspecies, which is not currently a management option, predicted significant increases in population size. Although we recommend that recovery activities should minimize future losses of genetic variation, genetic effects within these endangered populations-either negative (inbreeding depression) or positive (within subspecies genetic rescue)-appear unlikely to dramatically compromise or stimulate short-term conservation efforts. The distinction between detecting the effects of inbreeding depression on a component vital rate (e.g., fecundity) and the effects of inbreeding depression on population growth underscores the importance of quantifying inbreeding costs relative to population dynamics to effectively manage endangered populations.
Body Mass Index and Colon Cancer Mortality in a Large Prospective Study (2000)

Obesity has been reported to increase the risk of colon cancer, especially in men. The authors examined this relation in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II, a nationwide mortality study of US adults. After 12 years of follow-up, 1,616 deaths from colon cancer in women and 1,792 in men were observed among 496,239 women and 379,167 men who were cancer free at enrollment in 1982. The authors used Cox proportional hazards analyses to control for effects of age, race, education, smoking, exercise, alcohol, parental history of colon cancer, fat intake, vegetable and grain intake, aspirin use and, in women, estrogen replacement therapy. In men, death rates from colon cancer increased across the entire range of body mass index (BMI). The rate ratio was highest for men with BMI > or =32.5 (rate ratio (RR) = 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46, 2.47) compared with men with BMI between 22.00 and 23.49. In women, a weaker association was seen in the three BMI categories of 27.5-29.9 (RR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.53), 30.0-32.4 (RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.72), and > or =32.5 (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.59). These prospective data support the hypothesis that obesity increases the risk of colon cancer death and that the relation is stronger and more linear in men than in women.
Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (2008)

Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) is a specialized technique used to provide information about the geographic, chemical, and biological origins of substances. The ability to determine the source of an organic substance stems from the relative isotopic abundances of the elements which comprise the material. Because the isotope ratios of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen can become locally enriched or depleted through a variety of kinetic and thermodynamic factors, measurement of the isotope ratios can be used to differentiate between samples which otherwise share identical chemical compositions. Several sample introduction methods are now available for commercial isotope ratio mass spectrometers. Combustion is most commonly used for bulk isotopic analysis, whereas gas and liquid chromatography are predominately used for the real-time isotopic analysis of specific compounds within a mixture. Here, highlights of advances in instrumentation and applications within the last three years are provided to illustrate the impact of this rapidly growing area of research. Some prominent new applications include authenticating organic food produce, ascertaining whether or not African elephants are guilty of night-time raids on farmers' crops, and linking forensic drug and soil samples from a crime scene to a suspected point of origin. For the sake of brevity, we focus this Minireview on the isotope ratio measurements of lighter-elements common to organic sources; we do not cover the equally important field of inorganic isotope ratio mass spectrometry.
Photophysical and photochemical processes in 3D self-assembled gels as confined microenvironments (2015)

Numerous challenging transformations take place in nature with high efficiency within confined and compartmented environments. This has inspired scientists to develop spatially micro- and nanoreactors by 'bottom-up' approaches in order to improve different processes in comparison to solution, in terms of kinetics, selectivity or processability. In this respect, investigation of photophysical and photochemical processes in soft gel materials has recently emerged as a new and promising research field oriented towards expanding their applications in important areas such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis and phototherapy. Herein, we summarize the few examples dealing with intragel photo-induced physical and chemical processes involving embedded reactants that do not participate in the assembly of the gel network.
Consecutively reconstructing absorption and scattering distributions in turbid media with multiple-illumination photoacoustic tomography (2014)

We propose a theoretical framework for consecutively reconstructing absorption and scattering distributions in turbid soft tissue in an iterative manner. This approach takes advantage of the stability of a recently reported least-squares fixed-point iterative method for reconstructing an optical absorption coefficient map to iteratively update estimates of absorption and scattering for each iteration. Simulations demonstrate that this method converges to an accurate estimate of the optical properties within only a small number of iterations and is robust to noise at realistic signal-to-noise levels.