gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Feasibility of Embedded Electronics for Intelligent Structures (1992)

The signal, power, and communications provisions for the distributed con trol processing, sensing, and actuation of an intelligent structure could benefit from a method of physically embedding some electronic components. The preliminary feasibility of embedding electronic components in load-bearing intelligent composite structures is addressed. A technique for embedding integrated circuits on silicon chips within graphite/ epoxy composite structures is presented which addresses the problems of electrical, mechanical, and chemical isolation. The mechanical isolation of test articles manufac tured by this technique is tested by subjecting them to static and cyclic mechanical loads; chemical isolation is tested by subjecting them to electrical bias in a high temperature, high humidity environment. The likely failure modes under these conditions are iden tified, and suggestions for further improvements in the technique are discussed.
Novel designs for pump and signal fiber combiners (2010)

The availability of fiber combiners has been essential to the wide deployment of robust fiber lasers in the market. Some standard parts have emerged in larger volume, but new designs involving both different processes and different fiber configurations are being proposed to the market, offering novel or improved specifications. We will present some of those new designs involving true signal fiber feed-throughs and better return loss and isolation properties. The new fabrication process also allows more latitude in selecting the number of input pump fibers and is independent of the signal fiber's internal structure.
Damage to Object Oriented Programming in the Brain Explains many of the Psychopathological Features of Schizophrenia (2009)

Introduction: Modern computers often use programs that incorporate a programming technique called Object Oriented Programming (OOP), allowing users to manipulate complex ‘computational objects’ such as menus, screen windows, etc with very little effort, say the click of a mouse. OOP deals with structures called objects and allows time and computational effort saving devices such as inheritance, polymorphism and encapsulation. We examine whether the brain itself may use OOP and if representation of objects suffers a breakdown in schizophrenia. Review of literature: Previous models fail to provide a unifying explanation with a computational basis that could explain the psychopathology in schizophrenia. METHODS Using the object oriented programming language Java TM we designed a system of self-objects named ‘hand’, ‘action monitor’ etc interacting with non-self objects ‘scissors’, ‘hammer’, ‘wall’, etc. in computational experiments, we allow the ‘action monitor’ to fail; the features of disparate objects are allowed to merge, some features of an object are allowed to be shared with other objects, etc. Results: By transposing only a few lines of code, it is possible to duplicate various features of the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Discussion: Our model can demonstrate overinclusion (overabstraction), concrete thinking (underabstraction), loss of ego boundaries (conjoining of disparate objects), delusions (misattribution of object function), lack of insight (poor monitoring of object activity) and passivity (loss of monitoring and misattribution of object activity). Conclusion: The brain must use the OOP model in its computations. Failure of object representation and manipulation must lie at the core of the psychopathology of schizophrenia.
Breaking the Ice: Deicing Power Transmission Lines with High-Frequency, High-Voltage Excitation (2003)

Icing of power transmission lines during winter storms is a persistent problem that causes outages and costs millions of dollars in repair expenses. High-frequency excitation at approximately 8-200 kHz has been proposed as a method to melt ice. The method works by a combination of two mechanisms. At these frequencies, ice is a lossy dielectric, causing heating directly in the ice. In addition, skin effect causes current to flow only in a thin layer on the surface of the line, causing resistive losses and consequent heating. In this article, we describe the design of systems to implement this method on lines up to 1000 km long. We also report experimental tests of deicing of a 1 m simulated line using dielectric losses in ice using a prototype system that applies 33 kV, 100 kHz power.
Vascular endothelial growth factor and the nervous system (2004)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor essential for the formation of new blood vessels during embryogenesis and in many pathological conditions. A new role for VEGF as a neurotrophic factor has recently emerged. In the developing nervous system, VEGF plays a pivotal role not only in vascularization, but also in neuronal proliferation, and the growth of coordinated vascular and neuronal networks. After injury to the nervous system, activation of VEGF and its receptors may restore blood supply and promote neuronal survival and repair. There is a growing body of evidence that VEGF is essential for motor neurone survival, and that aberrant regulation of VEGF may play a role in the degeneration of neurones in diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derivation and Nuclear Transfer: Impact on Regenerative Therapeutics and Drug Discovery (2007)

This review aims to introduce current and future uses of human embryonic stem cells derived from in vitro-fertilized embryos. These and stem cells derived from parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer embryos could be used for cell therapy, as in vitro cell models for drug discovery/screening, and for studying early human development and pathogenesis of human diseases. However, development of therapeutic and screening applications and products from embryonic stem cells is hampered by several barriers. Therefore, gaps in our current understanding of the basic science of stem cells need to be filled before either application can move forward with confidence.
Effect of solidification parameters on dendrite arm space and tensile strength of alloy ZA27 (2001)

ZA27 as a newtype nonferrous casting alloy has been studied in last two decades, but its wide solidification temperature range and fir tree like structure lead often to low properties. The effect of characteristic parameters on differential thermal analysis curve, solidification setup temperature and cooling rate on dendrite arm space (λ DAS ) was studied, and IAS-4 Image Analysis System was used for microstructural examination. It is shown that the relationship between peak height H on the DTA curve and λ DAS has approximately a linear character, but the relationship between cooling rate u and λ DAS  has an exponenfial manner.
Exact modeling of the performance of random linear network coding in finite-buffer networks (2011)

In this paper, we present an exact model for the analysis of the performance of Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) in wired erasure networks with finite buffers. In such networks, packets are delayed due to either random link erasures or blocking by full buffers. We assert that because of RLNC, the content of buffers have dependencies which cannot be captured directly using the classical queueing theoretical models. We model the performance of the network using Markov chains by a careful derivation of the buffer occupancy states and their transition rules. We verify by simulations that the proposed framework results in an accurate measure of the network throughput offered by RLNC. Further, we introduce a class of acyclic networks for which the number of state variables is significantly reduced.
Expert systems seminar (1981)

In recent years there has been significant progress in developing computer programs that can perform technical tasks normally thought to require the knowledge, experience and judgment of human specialists. Known as expert systems or knowledge-based systems, these programs have achieved high levels of performance at such diverse but specialized tasks as medical diagnosis, mass-spectrum analysis, chemical synthesis, mineral exploration, and computer system configuration.
Using low precision floating point numbers to reduce memory cost for MP3 decoding (2005)

The purpose of our work has been to evaluate the practicality of using a 16-bit floating point representation to store the intermediate sample values and other data in memory during the decoding of MP3 bit streams. A floating point number representation offers a better trade-off between dynamic range and precision than a fixed point representation for a given word length. Using a floating point representation means that smaller memories can be used which leads to smaller chip area and lower power consumption without reducing sound quality. We have designed and implemented a DSP processor based on 16-bit floating point intermediate storage. The DSP processor is capable of decoding all MP3 bit streams at 20 MHz and this has been demonstrated on an FPGA prototype.
Effect of Contact Aid Compounds on the Performance of Bolted Aluminum-to-Aluminum Joints Under Current Cycling Conditions (1986)

A number of contact aid compounds most commonly used for aluminum-to-aluminum connectors and conductors were evaluated on the basis of their effect on the performance and stability of a bolted joint under current cycling conditions. The results show that a significant difference exists in the effect that some of the contact aids exert on the performance of the bolted joints under current cycling conditions. This difference manifests itself in higher contact resistance and rapid overheating of a joint during cycling. The observed difference was associated with the shear strength of the compound film and also with the properties of the additives such as metallic particles present in these compounds.
[The diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma]. (2004)

CT examination is necessary in evaluation of the tumor's size, shape, duration, staging and invasive extent. It is important in designing the operative approach. The preoperative embolization can reduce the amount of bleeding during operation.
The Microscope—A Valuable Tool for the Water Lab (1984)

This article discusses how use of a microscope and an algae identification guide can aid effective control and treatment of algae in fresh water reservoirs. Some types of algae are harmless and will cause no problems in terms of odors, filter clogging, or toxins. When nuisance algae are identified, microscopic analysis facilitates determination of copper sulfate dosages needed for control.
Comparison of humoral immune responses in dairy heifers vaccinated with 3 different commercial vaccines against bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1. (2003)

A randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the humoral immune response to 3 different commercial vaccines in dairy heifers housed in 3 different dairy farms in Quebec. All heifers were seronegative to type 1 bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) (Singer strain), type 2 BVDV (NVSL 125c strain), and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) at the beginning of the trial. In addition, control heifers in group 1 remained seronegative to the 2 viruses till the end of the trial. Significant differences in humoral immune responses occurred among the 3 commercial vaccines at 4 weeks and 6 months following vaccination. The vaccine in group 2 elicited higher mean antibody titers and seroconversion rates to both type 1 and type 2 BVDV than that in groups 3 or 4. Vaccines in groups 2 and 3 induced higher mean antibody titers to BHV-1 than did the vaccine in group 4.
<title>Film Selection Considerations For Computed Tomography And Ultrasound Video Photography</title> (1979)

Obtaining hard copy images from some diagnostic medical procedures, such as Computed Tomography and Ultrasound, involves photography of video images. This is often done with cameras utilizing a negative type transparency film. Selecting a film for this application should include considerations of the characteristics of the cathode ray tube (CRT) being photographed and the properties of a video image. This paper describes CRT characteristics and their effects on film selection. The major film parameters which should be considered in selecting a film for video imaging are discussed. Our results indicate that optimum imaging is achieved with a relatively high speed, high contrast orthochromatic film.
Microfluidic Enabling Platform for Cell-based Assays (2002)

We have developed proprietary technologies for executing continuous flow assays in biochips which mimic human capillaries. Such technologies are integral to the rapidly growing laboratory instrumentation sector for applications in drug discovery, biotechnology, medical diagnostics and environmental studies. A common link between all sectors is the movement toward miniaturization to increase throughput, accuracy and efficiency in the development of new drugs. The miniaturization process itself leads to a demand for new instruments and tools capable of handling microlitre quantities of biological fluids and reagents, thus, we present an instrument which is capable of doing so in the form of a microfluidic enabling platform.
Human Infection with Salmonella dublin (1991)

Twenty-seven cases of human infection with Salmonella dublin were identified over a 12-year period at the University of California at San Diego-affiliated hospitals. Important epidemiologic risk factors were the ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products or treatment with nutritional therapy that included raw calf-liver extracts. Nearly all patients had underlying chronic diseases. Like Salmonella choleraesuis, S. dublin infections were associated with a high incidence of bacteremia (91%), metastatic sites of infection (30%), and mortality (26%) relative to other non-typhoidal Salmonellae. This pattern of disease expression may be related to a plasmid-encoded virulence factor common to both of these organisms.
Mouse muscle denervation increases expression of an  7 nicotinic receptor with unusual pharmacology (2002)

Neuronal nicotinic α7 subunits have been found in chick and rat skeletal muscle during development and denervation. In the present study, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect α7 subunit mRNA in denervated mouse muscle. To determine whether the α7 subunit forms functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in muscle, choline was used to induce a membrane depolarization because choline has been considered a specific agonist of α7-containing (α7*) nAChRs. We found, however, that choline (3–10 mm) also weakly activates muscle nAChRs. After inhibiting muscle nAChRs with a specific muscle nAChR inhibitor, α-conotoxin GI (αCTxGI), choline was used to activate the α7* nAChRs on muscle selectively. Four weeks after denervation, rapid application of choline (10 mm) elicited a substantial depolarization in the presence of αCTxGI (0.1 µm). This component of the depolarization was never present in denervated muscles obtained from mutant mice lacking the α7 subunit (i.e. α7-null mice). The depolarization component that is resistant to αCTxGI was antagonized by pancuronium (3–10 µm) and by a 4-oxystilbene derivative (F3, 0.1–0.5 µm) at concentrations considered highly specific for α7* nAChRs. Another selective α7 antagonist, methyllycaconitine (0.05–5 µm), did not strongly inhibit this choline-induced depolarization. Furthermore, the choline-sensitive nAChRs showed little desensitization over 10 s of application with choline (10–30 mm). These results indicate that functional α7* nAChRs are significantly present on denervated muscle, and that these receptors display unusual functional and pharmacological characteristics.
The influence of electron density on the formation of streamers in electrical discharges triggered with ultrashort laser pulses (1999)

In an ongoing program using ultrashort laser pulses to provoke discharges in air over considerable distances at electric fields below breakdown threshold, we have studied the conditions for the onset of streamers in such laser-produced plasmas, both experimentally and through numerical simulations. The results demonstrate the importance of the electron density and of its gradient on the generation of streamers. Also, a significant reduction of the breakdown voltage for a 30 cm plane-plane gap in air was observed with a laser pulse energy of 15 mJ. Finally, a direct comparison of laser-induced breakdown in air and in nitrogen shows the influence of electron attachment to oxygen on the discharge process.
Dengue Serotype-Specific Differences in Clinical Manifestation, Laboratory Parameters and Risk of Severe Disease in Adults, Singapore (2015)

Studies on serotype-specific features of dengue and disease severity on adults are limited. We prospectively recruited adult febrile patients without alternate diagnosis to dengue from April 2005 to December 2011. Outcomes were defined using both the World Health Organization (WHO) 1997 and 2009 criteria; Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and severe dengue (SD). Infecting serotype was identified in 469 dengue-confirmed patients comprising 22.0% dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1), 57.1% DENV-2, 17.1% DENV-3, and 3.8% DENV-4. Cases infected with DENV-1 were more likely to present with red eyes whereas presence of joint pain and lower platelet count was associated with DENV-2 cases. After adjusting for potential confounders, DENV-1 was associated with both DHF (adjusted Relative Risk [aRR] = 1.74) and SD (aRR = 2.1) whereas DENV-2 had a lower risk of DHF (aRR = 0.5). DENV-1 genotype 1 and DENV-2 cosmopolitan were the predominant genotypes identified. Infecting dengue serotype and possibly genotype may play an important role in disease severity among adult dengue patients in Singapore.
The Interconversion of UDP-Arabinopyranose and UDP-Arabinofuranose Is Indispensable for Plant Development in<i>Arabidopsis</i>      (2011)

L-Ara, an important constituent of plant cell walls, is found predominantly in the furanose rather than in the thermodynamically more stable pyranose form. Nucleotide sugar mutases have been demonstrated to interconvert UDP-Larabinopyranose (UDP-Arap) and UDP-L-arabinofuranose (UDP-Araf) in rice (Oryza sativa). These enzymes belong to a small gene family encoding the previously named Reversibly Glycosylated Proteins (RGPs). RGPs are plant-specific cytosolic proteins that tend to associate with the endomembrane system. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the RGP protein family consists of five closely related members. We characterized all five RGPs regarding their expression pattern and subcellular localizations in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Enzymatic activity assays of recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli identified three of the Arabidopsis RGP protein family members as UDP-L-Ara mutases that catalyze the formation of UDP-Araf from UDP-Arap. Coimmunoprecipitation and subsequent liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed a distinct interaction network between RGPs in different Arabidopsis organs. Examination of cell wall polysaccharide preparations from RGP1 and RGP2 knockout mutants showed a significant reduction in total L-Ara content (12–31%) compared with wild-type plants. Concomitant downregulation of RGP1 and RGP2 expression results in plants almost completely deficient in cell wall–derived L-Ara and exhibiting severe developmental defects.
Preliminary Investigation of a Converted Four-Stroke Diesel to Alpha V-Shaped Stirling Engine (2009)

This study presents a preliminary investigation on a converted four-stroke diesel to an air charged V-shaped Alpha Stirling engine. The engine was manufactured with a total swept volume of 194 cc., volume compression ratio of 1.84, 90Â° phase angle and air as a working gas. The engine was designed to fulfill the requirements of hot end temperature up to 1000Â°C, cold end temperature of 20 to 30Â°C, charge pressure of minimum 1 bar or above and engine speed up to 1200 rpm. Design considerations of developing a simple and low cost Alpha-typed Stirling engine using major components of both commercial diesel engine and industrial mass production were discussed. Major modifications were done on the engine heater head design in order to cater for both natural gases and biomass fueled heating process as the external heat source. The net power output was estimated about 25 W at minimum charge pressure of 1 bar using Beale formula. The preliminary results show that the friction torque increases with the increase of engine speed. The minimum friction torque of 0.80 Nm was obtained at minimum speed of 300 rpm and the maximum friction torque obtained was approximately 1.30 Nm at the speed of 1200 rpm. The gas pressure inside the working cylinder also increases with the increase of engine speed and the maximum mean pressure obtained with the effect of engine speed and hot temperature was approximately 1.41 bar.
Carga imediata sobre implantes dentários - relato de caso (2009)

This study concluded the usability of the new 22-item FFMQ-T. These results are not dissimilar to the other versions in similar populations, such as the Hindi version of the FFMQ. The ordinal-to-interval conversion tables provided here ensure that the FFMQ-T can be used with enhanced precision and parametric statistics.
A Flexible Query Graph Based Model for the Efficient Execution of Continuous Queries (2007)

In this paper, we propose a simple and flexible execution model that (i) supports a wide spectrum of alternative optimization and execution strategies and their mixtures, (ii) provides for dynamic reconfiguration when adding/deleting queries and changing optimization goals, (iii) optimizes response time in idle-waiting prone operators, such as union, joins, and operators used in time series and temporal sequence queries. Thus, we introduce a flexible and concrete model of execution semantics for continuous DSMS queries, and demonstrate its many applications. Our tuple-oriented model dovetails and complements the abstract set-oriented semantics of current DSMS constructs and operators, which are often based on relational algebra and SQL enhanced with windows.
Analysis of a Large Structure/Biological Activity Data Set Using Recursive Partitioning (1999)

Combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening are revolutionizing the process of lead discovery in the pharmaceutical industry. Large numbers of structures and vast quantities of biological assay data are quickly being accumulated, overwhelming traditional structure/activity relationship (SAR) analysis technologies. Recursive partitioning is a method for statistically determining rules that classify objects into similar categories or, in this case, structures into groups of molecules with similar potencies. SCAM is a computer program implemented to make extremely efficient use of this methodology. Depending on the size of the data set, rules explaining biological data can be determined interactively. An example data set of 1650 monoamine oxidase inhibitors exemplifies the method, yielding substructural rules and leading to general classifications of these inhibitors. The method scales linearly with the number of descriptors, so hundreds of thousands of structures can be analyzed utilizing thousands to millions of molecular descriptors. There are currently no methods to deal with statistical analysis problems of this size. An important aspect of this analysis is the ability to deal with mixtures, i.e., identify SAR rules for classes of compounds in the same data set that might be binding in different ways. Most current quantitative structure/activity relationship methods require that the compounds follow a single mechanism. Advantages and limitations of this methodology are presented.