gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benziporphyrin, a Benzene‐Containing, Nonaromatic Porphyrin Analogue (1994)

Benzene wins the battle for aromaticity against [18]annulene. The first fully conjugated, benzene-containing porphyrin analogue 1 is not an 18 π aromatic system; only the tautomer with the intact arene is observed. This compound is synthesized from the corresponding tripyrranedicarboxylic acid and isophthalaldehyde and forms black-blue crystals.
Differential modes of regulation of interleukin‐1β expression by extracellular matrices (1999)

Extracellular matrices (ECMs) can stimulate human monocytic cells to express interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the regulation of tissue inflammation. In this study, we explored the intracellular mechanisms responsible for ECM induction of IL-1beta using human promonocytic U937 cells transfected with the full-length human IL-1beta gene promoter connected to a reporter gene. Using this system, we demonstrated that the ECM molecules fibronectin (FN), type I collagen (Coll), fibrin (Fb) and laminin (Lm) induced transcription of the IL-1beta gene (which was associated with a modest increase in IL-1beta protein secretion) in suspended cells, when used in their soluble monomeric form. This effect was mimicked or blocked by anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and was dependent on the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Three of the ECMs tested (FN, Coll and Fb) induced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), whereas Lm had no effect. FN, Coll and Fb (but not Lm) also induced DNA binding of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1), but not that of nuclear factor-kappaB. Co-transfection of U937 cells with a competing AP-1 oligomer blocked the IL-1beta response induced by FN, but not that induced by the other ECMs. By inhibiting AP-1 translocation, glucocorticoids also blocked the FN-induced response, but not that of the other ECMs. These studies suggest that the signalling pathways which mediate ECM induction of IL-1beta expression in human monocytic cells converge at the level of PKC activation. However, they diverge in other aspects, as demonstrated by the differential activation of MAPKs and the need for diverse transcription factors.
A 2.4 GHz 4 mW Integer-N Inductorless RF Synthesizer (2016)

The high phase noise of ring oscillators has generally discouraged their use in RF synthesis. This paper introduces an integer-N synthesizer that employs a type-I loop to achieve a wide bandwidth, allowing the use of ring oscillators, and a master-slave sampling loop filter along with harmonic traps to suppress spurs. A 2.4 GHz prototype fabricated in 45 nm digital CMOS technology provides a loop bandwidth of 10 MHz and a spur level of -65 dBc. The phase noise is -114 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset.
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3): Novel ligands mediate unexpected functions (2013)

In addition to its important role in the regulation of somatic growth by acting as the major circulating transport protein for the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) has a variety of intracellular ligands that point to its function within major signaling pathways. The discovery of its interaction with the retinoid X receptor has led to the elucidation of roles in regulating the function of several nuclear hormone receptors including retinoic acid receptor-α, Nur77 and vitamin D receptor. Its interaction with the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ is believed to be involved in regulating adipocyte differentiation, which is also modulated by IGFBP-3 through an interaction with TGFβ/Smad signaling. IGFBP-3 can induce apoptosis alone or in conjunction with other agents, and in different systems can activate caspases -8 and -9. At least two unrelated proteins (LRP1 and TMEM219) have been designated as receptors for IGFBP-3, the latter with a demonstrated role in inducing caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. In contrast, IGFBP-3 also has demonstrated roles in survival-related functions, including the repair of DNA double-strand breaks through interaction with the epidermal growth factor receptor and DNA-dependent protein kinase, and the induction of autophagy through interaction with GRP78. The ability of IGFBP-3 to modulate the balance between pro-apoptotic and pro-survival sphingolipids by regulating sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingomyelinases may be integral to its role at the crossroads between cell death and survival in response to a variety of stimuli. The pleiotropic nature of IGFBP-3 activity supports the idea that IGFBP-3 itself, or pathways with which it interacts, should be investigated as targets of therapy for a variety of diseases.
The frequency of previously undetectable deletions involving 3′ Exons of the <i>PMS2</i> gene (2012)

Lynch syndrome is characterized by mutations in one of four mismatch repair genes, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2. Clinical mutation analysis of these genes includes sequencing of exonic regions and deletion/duplication analysis. However, detection of deletions and duplications in PMS2 has previously been confined to Exons 1-11 due to gene conversion between PMS2 and the pseudogene PMS2CL in the remaining 3' exons (Exons 12-15). We have recently described an MLPA-based method that permits detection of deletions of PMS2 Exons 12-15; however, the frequency of such deletions has not yet been determined. To address this question, we tested for 3' deletions in 58 samples that were reported to be negative for PMS2 mutations using previously available methods. All samples were from individuals whose tumors exhibited loss of PMS2 immunohistochemical staining without concomitant loss of MLH1 immunostaining. We identified seven samples in this cohort with deletions in the 3' region of PMS2, including three previously reported samples with deletions of Exons 13-15 (two samples) and Exons 14-15. Also detected were deletions of Exons 12-15, Exon 13, and Exon 14 (two samples). Breakpoint analysis of the intragenic deletions suggests they occurred through Alu-mediated recombination. Our results indicate that ∼12% of samples suspected of harboring a PMS2 mutation based on immunohistochemical staining, for which mutations have not yet been identified, would benefit from testing using the new methodology.
Wet granular materials (2006)

Most studies on granular physics have focused on dry granular media, with no liquids between the grains. However, in geology and many real world applications (e.g. food processing, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, civil engineering, construction, and many industrial applications), liquid is present between the grains. This produces inter-grain cohesion and drastically modifies the mechanical properties of the granular media (e.g. the surface angle can be larger than 90 degrees). Here we present a review of the mechanical properties of wet granular media, with particular emphasis on the effect of cohesion. We also list several open problems that might motivate future studies in this exciting but mostly unexplored field. Wet granular materialsAll authorsNamiko Mitarai & Franco Norihttps://doi.org/10.1080/00018730600626065Published online:01 February 2007Table Download CSVDisplay Table
Medical Image Conversion with DICOM (2007)

As the standard especially for the storage and transmission of medical images, the standard of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is popular to the people of the world. And as a result, almost all the outputs of the computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and ultrasonography (US) are saved as DICOM format. However, the DICOM format files can be opened by the original programs of windows OS, which is not convenient with the further research in image processing. The paper mainly does some research in the conversion from DICOM format files into general image/ media files. The procedure is to convert DICOM format files into bitmaps and then convert the bitmaps into other general image/ media files. The images then can be viewed directly by the original programs of Windows OS, which will facilitate the further researches on image process. The DICOM format files can be displayed while being converted; the images displayed can also be done with some further operations, such as the process of lightness and contrast gradient of image, image filtering and segmentation.
The biological activities of 3,4-O-isopropylidene-3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene. (1985)

A new compound, 3, 4-O-isopropylidene-3, 3', 4, 5'-tetrahydroxystilbene (I), chemically derived from 3, 3', 4, 5'-tetrahydroxystilbene (II) showed strong antifungal activity, ichthyotoxicity, coronary vasodilator action on the isolated guinea-pig heart and a hypotensive effect on rats. These activities of I were much stronger than those of the original substance (II). As regards antifungal activity, the minimal growth inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of I for Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were 6 and 1μg/ml, respectively. As regards ichthyotoxic activity, the median tolerance limit (TLm) at 48 h was 14.0 ppm in Oryzias latipes TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL. Compound (I) also had strong coronary vasodilator action on guinea-pig heart in vitro ; the ED50 value was 4.5μg/heart. Finally, I showed a strong hypotensive effect on rats (-43.0±5.2mmHg, 10mg/kg i.v.).
Compact Augmented Reality Combiner Using Pancharatnam-Berry Phase Lens (2020)

A compact augmented reality (AR) combiner using Pancharatnam-Berry phase (PBP) lens and holographic optical element (HOE) is proposed. PBP lens is activated as a convex lens or a concave lens according to the polarization state of the input light wave. By using this characteristic, a thin AR eyepiece with a large numerical aperture (NA) is constructed. The AR eyepiece operates as a convex lens for the input light with a right-handed circular polarization state and operates as a transparent plate for the left-handed circularly polarized light. In order to adopt this AR eyepiece to the AR combiner, a chromatic aberration should be compensated. To resolve the chromatic aberration, HOE which diffracts the light rays with different profiles according to the input wavelength is designed. By combining this HOE with the AR eyepiece and a light guide, a compact AR combiner providing a wide field of view (FOV) is designed. A prototype of the proposed AR combiner is presented along with experimental results and analysis.
Mobile agents in distributed network management (2003)

By helping to disperse centralized network management tasks to subnet hosts, mobile agent technology helps conserve network bandwidth and improves management efficiency by decreasing network traffic.
Death Through Respiratory Failure of a Fraction of Ultraviolet-Irradiated <i>Escherichia coli</i> B/r Cells (1972)

Escherichia coli B/r cells grown on a glycerol-containing medium and ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated to about 0.5% survival respire for about 1 hr and then cease for several hours. The cells that have completed repair and recovery processes begin to divide about 120 min after UV treatment, but this division is completely inhibited in liquid medium by caffeine, which delays repair of the irradiated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). When 5-fluorouracil (FU) is used to maintain respiration, the number of cells which form colonies when plated increases about 60-fold within 1 hr after irradiation. At least part of this increase does not involve repair while the cells are in the liquid medium because when caffeine is present there is still a 20-fold increase in colony formation. We conclude that many irradiated cells, although capable of carrying out complete and accurate repair of their DNA, die of respiratory failure; only when continuance of respiration is favored by FU treatment is their colony-forming potential realized. After an early increase, the number of cells able to form colonies in medium that contains FU remains constant while the completion of repair and recovery occurs. After these processes are completed, the number of cells able to form colonies increases slowly, except in the presence of caffeine, presumably because the late increase requires that repair steps take place while the cells are in liquid medium prior to cell division.
Immobilization of Uranium in Contaminated Sediments by Hydroxyapatite Addition (1998)

Batch equilibrations were performed to investigate the ability of hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH) to chemically immobilize U in two contaminated sediment samples having different organic carbon contents (123 and 49 g kg(-1), respectively). Apatite additions lowered aqueous U to near proposed drinking water standards in batch equilibrations of two distinct sediment strata having total U concentrations of 1703 and 2100 mg kg(-1), respectively. Apatite addition of 50 g kg(-1) reduced the solubility of U to values less than would be expected if autunite (Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2·10H2O) was the controlling solid phase. A comparison of the two sediment types suggests that aqueous phase U may be controlled by both the DOC content through complexation and the equilibrium pH for a given apatite application rate. Sequential chemical extractions demonstrated that apatite amendment transfers U from more chemically labile fractions, including water-soluble, exchangeable, and acid-soluble (pH ≈ 2.55) fractions, to the Mn-occluded fraction (pH ≈ 1.26). This suggests that apatite amendment redirects solid-phase speciation with secondary U phosphates being solubilized due to the lower pH of the Mn-occluded extractant, despite the lack of significant quantities of Mn oxides within these sediments. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis conducted in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) confirmed that apatite amendment sequesters some U in secondary Al/Fe phosphate phases.
Tau-Mediated NMDA Receptor Impairment Underlies Dysfunction of a Selectively Vulnerable Network in a Mouse Model of Frontotemporal Dementia (2014)

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative behavioral disorder that selectively affects the salience network, including the ventral striatum and insula. Tau mutations cause FTD, but how mutant tau impairs the salience network is unknown. Here, we address this question using a mouse model expressing the entire human tau gene with an FTD-associated mutation (V337M). Mutant, but not wild-type, human tau transgenic mice had aging-dependent repetitive and disinhibited behaviors, with synaptic deficits selectively in the ventral striatum and insula. There, mutant tau depleted PSD-95, resulting in smaller postsynaptic densities and impaired synaptic localization of NMDA receptors (NMDARs). In the ventral striatum, decreased NMDAR-mediated transmission reduced striatal neuron firing. Pharmacologically enhancing NMDAR function with the NMDAR co-agonist cycloserine reversed electrophysiological and behavioral deficits. These results indicate that NMDAR hypofunction critically contributes to FTD-associated behavioral and electrophysiological alterations and that this process can be therapeutically targeted by a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug.
Impact of various extents of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage induced by the endovascular filament model on mortality and changes of cerebral blood flow (2011)

ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
SHORT NOTICES (1953)

Journal Article SHORT NOTICES Get access Memoirs of the Extraordinary Life, Works, and Discoveries of Martinus Scriblerus. Written in collaboration by Members of the Scribleus Club, JOHN ARBUTHNOT, ALEXANDER POPE, JONATHAN SWIFT, JOHN GAY, THOMAS PARNELL, and ROBERT HARLEY, Earl of Oxford. Edited by CHARLES KERBY-MILLER. Pp. xii+408. New Haven: Yale University Press; or Wellesley College; London: Geoffrey Cumberlege, 1950. $5.00; 32s. 6d. net. J. B. J. B. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume IV, Issue 13, January 1953, Page 91, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/IV.13.91 Published: 01 January 1953
Geochemistry and biogeochemistry of anaerobic habitats. (1988)

On a global average, the environment is, with regard to a proton and electron balance, in a stationary situation corresponding to a present-day atmosphere of 20.9% O<sub>2</sub> , 0.03% CO<sub>2</sub>, 79.1% N<sub>2</sub>, a world ocean with pH ≈ 8 and a redox potential of <em>E<sub>H</sub></em> = 0.75 V. This situation is the result of an interplay of different types of reactions, namely geochemical and biochemical processes.<br />The geochemical processes can best be understood considering the schematic reaction proposed by Sillén:<br /><br />igneous rock + volatile substances ⇔ air + seawater + sediments<br /><br />According to this equation, the volatiles (H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, HCl, HF, SO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S, H<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>) that have leaked from the interior of the earth through different "cracks" (volcaneous, volcanic activities at the oceanic ridges, etc.) have reacted in a giant acid-base and redox reaction with the rocks (silicates, oxides, and carbonates). The result of what is called weathering was a certain kind of atmosphere, seawater, and sediment. Their composition is, over geological time, still changing slightly as a function of volcanic activities. If these activities were to cease, the surface of the earth would reach an equilibrium and all processes would stop. In other words, the earth would be geochemically dead. [...]
Performance of an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator on the F-18 Systems Research Aircraft (1997)

An electro-hydrostatic actuator was evaluated at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California. The primary goal of testing this actuator system was the flight demonstration of power-by-wire technology on a primary flight control surface. The electro-hydrostatic actuator uses an electric motor to drive a hydraulic pump and relies on local hydraulics for force transmission. This actuator replaced the F-18 standard left aileron actuator on the F-18 Systems Research Aircraft and was evaluated throughout the Systems Research Aircraft flight envelope. As of July 24, 1997 the electro-hydrostatic actuator had accumulated 23.5 hours of flight time. This paper presents the electro-hydrostatic actuator system configuration and component description, ground and flight test plans, ground and flight test results, and lessons learned. This actuator performs as well as the standard actuator and has more load capability than required by aileron actuator specifications of McDonnell- Douglas Aircraft, St. Louis, Missouri. The electro-hydrostatic actuator system passed all of its ground tests with the exception of one power-off test during unloaded dynamic cycling.
Design and analysis of a novel virtual walking machine (2003)

This paper proposes a new locomotion haptic interface, the Virtual Walking Machine (VWM) that can simulate human walking more naturally. The VWM allows walking in a virtual environment with uneven terrain, which can improve immersiveness significantly. The proposed system is composed mainly of: (i) a fifteen degree-of-freedom hybrid parallel mechanism that allows relative rotation between toe and heel, omni-directional rotation, and natural walking distance, (ii) Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) driven pneumatic actuators for vertical motion and servo-motors for planar motion, (iii) sensors that allow motion detection. Design requirements on natural walking are analyzed and used in conjunction with kinematic analyses to optimally design the proposed VWM.
Immunohistochemical Characterization of Signet-Ring Cell Carcinomas of the Stomach, Breast, and Colon (2004)

We studied the immunophenotype of signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the stomach (30 cases), breast (21 cases), and colon (9 cases) with the following expression patterns: (1) breast: consistent, MUC1 (21 [100%]), cytokeratin (CK) 7 (20 [95%]), estrogen receptor (ER; 17 [81%]); infrequent, E-cadherin (6 [29%]), MUC2, MUC5AC, CK20 (1 [5%] each); negative, CDX2 and hepatocyte paraffin 1 (Hep Par 1; 0 [0%] each); (2) gastric: frequent, CDX2 (27 [90%]) and Hep Par 1 (25 [83%]); variable, E-cadherin and CK20 (17 [57%] each), MUC2 and MUC5AC (15 [50%] each), MUC1 (5 [17%]); negative, ER (0 [0%]); and (3) colon: frequent, MUC2 (9 [100%]), CDX2 and MUC5AC (8 [89%] each); infrequent or negative, MUC1 (3 [33%]), Hep Par 1 (2 [22%]), ER (0 [0%]). Immunohistochemical staining distinguished breast from gastric SRCC (ER, MUC1, Hep Par 1, CDX2) and colon SRCC (ER, CDX2, MUC2, and MUC5AC). Gastric and colon SRCCs showed a similar staining pattern for antibodies tested except for Hep Par 1 and CDX2 (gastric, 83% Hep Par 1 positivity and heterogeneous, weak, patchy CDX2 nuclear staining; colon, 22% Hep Par 1 positivity and homogeneous, strong, diffuse CDX2 nuclear staining). About half of the cases of gastric SRCC expressed MUC2 and MUC5AC, whereas virtually all cases of colon SRCC expressed them.
Self-Delimiting Neural Networks (2012)

Self-delimiting (SLIM) programs are a central concept of theoretical computer science, particularly algorithmic information & probability theory, and asymptotically optimal program search (AOPS). To apply AOPS to (possibly recurrent) neural networks (NNs), I introduce SLIM NNs. Neurons of a typical SLIM NN have threshold activation functions. During a computational episode, activations are spreading from input neurons through the SLIM NN until the computation activates a special halt neuron. Weights of the NN's used connections define its program. Halting programs form a prefix code. The reset of the initial NN state does not cost more than the latest program execution. Since prefixes of SLIM programs influence their suffixes (weight changes occurring early in an episode influence which weights are considered later), SLIM NN learning algorithms (LAs) should execute weight changes online during activation spreading. This can be achieved by applying AOPS to growing SLIM NNs. To efficiently teach a SLIM NN to solve many tasks, such as correctly classifying many different patterns, or solving many different robot control tasks, each connection keeps a list of tasks it is used for. The lists may be efficiently updated during training. To evaluate the overall effect of currently tested weight changes, a SLIM NN LA needs to re-test performance only on the efficiently computable union of tasks potentially affected by the current weight changes. Future SLIM NNs will be implemented on 3-dimensional brain-like multi-processor hardware. Their LAs will minimize task-specific total wire length of used connections, to encourage efficient solutions of subtasks by subsets of neurons that are physically close. The novel class of SLIM NN LAs is currently being probed in ongoing experiments to be reported in separate papers.
Specifics and Challenges to Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Devices (2016)

Several recent developments in material science and deposition methods for flexible organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are surveyed. The commonly used plastic substrates are compared, according to their mechanical, optical, thermal, and chemical properties. Multilayer electrode structures, used as transparent electrodes, replacing conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) are presented and data about their conductivity, transparency, and bending ability are provided. Attention is paid to some of the most popular industrial processes for flexible OLEDs manufacturing, such as roll-to-roll printing, inkjet printing, and screen printing. Main specifics and challenges, related to the foils reliability, mechanical stability of the transparent electrodes, and deposition and patterning of organic emissive films, are discussed.