gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated Real-Time Recommendations for IPTV (2009)

Nowadays IPTV offers a very wide range of multimedia content. On one side the increasing number of channels improves the chances of each viewer finding relevant content; on the other side it poses serious challenges in the navigation through the program grid. Typically, once a program has been selected, the only way to know what is being broadcasted on another one is by switching the channel. This paper proposes, discusses, and shows a prototype implementation of an innovative IPTV feature called Real-Time Meta-Data (RTMD) for automated recommendations. It provides IPTV systems with simple user-specific live event notification based on user profiles and only for subscribed channels. Event notifications can be automatically associated in the IPTV client with specific class of event reactions (e.g. channel switch) to enhance the IPTV user experience. Furthermore, rather than merely delivering channel-related information (e.g. a goal in a soccer match), this technology is also designed to provide additional services such as user-to-user or community notifications. In order to assess the feasibility of the approach, a small scale proof-of-concept prototype has been implemented. Subsequently, a validation in terms of both integration with existing standards and technical performance has been realized, fulfilling the initial expectations.
Trinocchio : privacy-friendly outsourcing by distributed verifiable computation (2015)

Abstract. Verifiable computation allows a client to outsource computa-tions to a worker with a cryptographic proof of correctness of the result that can be verified faster than performing the computation. Recently, the Pinocchio system achieved faster verification than computation in practice for the first time. Unfortunately, Pinocchio and other efficient verifiable computation systems require the client to disclose the inputs to the worker, which is undesirable for sensitive inputs. To solve this prob-lem, we propose Trinocchio: a system that distributes Pinocchio to three (or more) workers, that each individually do not learn which inputs they are computing on. Each worker essentially performs the work for a single Pinocchio proof; verification by the client remains the same. Moreover, we extend Trinocchio to enable joint computation with multiple mutu-ally distrusting inputters and outputters and still very fast verification. We show the feasibility of our approach by analysing the performance of an implementation in two case studies.
Insulin Secretion in Type 1 Diabetes (2004)

Type 1 diabetes, a chronic autoimmune disease, causes destruction of insulin-producing beta-cells over a period of years. Although many markers of the autoimmune process have been described, none can convincingly predict the rate of disease progression. Moreover, there is relatively little information about changes in insulin secretion in individuals with type 1 diabetes over time. Previous studies document C-peptide at a limited number of time points, often after a nonphysiologic stimulus, and under non-steady-state conditions. Such methods do not provide qualitative information and may not reflect physiologic responses. We have studied qualitative and quantitative insulin secretion to a 4-h mixed meal in 41 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and followed the course of this response for 24 months in 20 patients. Newly diagnosed diabetic patients had an average total insulin secretion in response to a mixed meal that was 52% of that in nondiabetic control subjects, considerably higher than has been described previously. In diabetic patients there was a decline of beta-cell function at an average rate of 756 +/- 132 pmol/month to a final value of 28 +/- 8.4% of initial levels after 2 years. There was a significant correlation between the total insulin secretory response and control of glucose, measured by HbA(1c) (P = 0.003). Two persistent patterns of insulin response were seen depending on the peak insulin response following the oral meal. Patients with an early insulin response (i.e., within the first 45 min after ingestion) to a mixed meal, which was also seen in 37 of 38 nondiabetic control subjects, had a significantly accelerated loss of insulin secretion, as compared with those in whom the insulin response occurred after this time (P < 0.05), and significantly greater insulin secretory responses at 18 and 24 months (P < 0.02). These results, which are the first qualitative studies of insulin secretion in type 1 diabetes, indicate that the physiologic metabolic response is greater at diagnosis than has previously been appreciated, and that the qualitative insulin secretory response is an important determinant of the rate of metabolic decompensation from autoimmune destruction.
The Effect of Methylphenidate on the Verbal Productivity of Children with Cerebral Dysfunction (1967)

Subjects were 30 children ranging from 8 to 10 years. They were studied to investigate the effect of methylphenidate on the verbal productivity of children of normal intelligence and a diagnosed condition of cerebral dysfunction. Three communicative samples were obtained from each child: one at the initiation of the study, one after administration of methylphenidate, and one following placebo condition. Sequence of drug and placebo medication was randomized. Measures of speech as reflected in mean length of response, one word responses, five longest responses, and number of simple sentences without phrase showed no significant differences. Total number of words spoken, number of responses, and number of incomplete utterances showed significant increase under methylphenidate medication.
Cyanide-insensitive and Cyanide-sensitive O<sub>2</sub> Uptake in Wheat (1980)

The mitochondrial fraction isolated from durum wheat seedlings by differential centrifugation demonstrated antimycin A- or cyanide-insensitive O(2) uptake. Further purification of this initial mitochondrial pellet using a linear Percoll (Pharmacia) density gradient separated the mitochondria into two bands of physiologically distinct activity. Based on the usual mitochondrial respiratory criteria of ADP/O and respiratory control values, these fractions were qualitatively similar to the crude pellet. However, we observed no antimycin A-insensitive O(2) uptake in either gradient band. Antimycin A-insensitive O(2) consumption could be restored to the upper gradient band of mitochondria by the addition of linoleic acid. This activity was inhibited either by salicylhydroxamic acid or propyl gallate, a known lipoxygenase inhibitor. Likewise, addition of linoleic acid to the crude mitochondrial pellet elicited a 4- to 5-fold increase in O(2) uptake. This O(2) consumption was insensitive to antimycin A and cyanide but was inhibited by either propyl gallate or salicylhydroxamic acid. Electron microscopic examination revealed that only the lower gradient band contained contamination-free mitochondria, which, in turn, lacked ability to oxidize linoleic acid. Antimycin A-insensitive O(2) consumption in the differential centrifugation fraction from germinating durum wheat seedlings decreased over 64 hours of development.
Perceptions of presidential candidates' personalities in twitter (2015)

Political sentiment analysis using social media, especially T witter, has attracted wide interest in recent years. In such research, opinions about politicians are typically divided into positive, negative, or neutral. In our research, the goal is to mine political opinion from social media at a higher resolution by assessing statements of opinion related to the personality traits of politicians; this is an angle that has not yet been considered in social media research. A second goal is to contribute a novel retrieval‐based approach for tracking public perception of personality using G ough and H eilbrun's A djective C heck List ( ACL ) of 110 terms describing key traits. This is in contrast to the typical lexical and machine‐learning approaches used in sentiment analysis. High‐precision search templates developed from the ACL were run on an 18‐month span of T witter posts mentioning O bama and R omney and these retrieved more than half a million tweets. For example, the results indicated that R omney was perceived as more of an achiever and O bama was perceived as somewhat more friendly. The traits were also aggregated into 14 broad personality dimensions. For example, O bama rated far higher than R omney on the M oderation dimension and lower on the M achiavellianism dimension. The temporal variability of such perceptions was explored.
Further application of intestinal submucosa as a patch graft. (1967)

l. he autogenous submucosa of the small bowel has been used successfully to replace major veins. A long-term histological study revealed viable submucosa without fibrosis or inflammation. In order to assess the histological changes and clinical applicability of the submucosa as a repair for arteries, patch grafts of submucosa were used for closure of wounds in inferior vena cava, aorta, femoral artery, and coronary artery.
Strategies for Representing Tone in African Writing Systems (1999)

Tone languages provide some interesting challenges for the designers of new orthographies. One approach is to omit tone marks, just as stress is not marked in English (zero marking). Another approach is to do phonemic tone analysis, and then make heavy use of diacritic symbols to distinguish the "tonemes" (shallow marking). While orthographies based on either system have been successful, this may be thanks to our ability to manage inadequate orthographies, rather than to any intrinsic advantage which is afforded by one or the other approach. In many cases, practical experience with both kinds of orthography in sub-Saharan Africa has shown that people have not been able to attain the level of reading and writing fluency that we know to be possible for the orthographies of non-tonal languages. In some cases this can be attributed to a socio linguistic setting which does not favour vernacular literacy. In other cases, the orthography itself may be to blame. If the orthography of a tone language is difficult to use or to learn, then a good part of the reason may be that the designer either has not paid enough attention to the FUNCTION of tone in the language, or has not ensured that the information encoded in the orthography is ACCESSIBLE to the ordinary (non-linguist) user of the language. If the writing of tone is not going to continue to be a stumbling block to literacy efforts, then a fresh approach to tone orthography is required — one which assigns high priority to these two factors. This article describes the problems with orthographies that use too few or too many tone marks, and critically evaluates a wide range of creative intermediate solutions. I review the contributions made by phonology and reading theory, and provide some broad methodological principles to guide those who are seeking to represent tone in a writing system. The tone orthographies of several languages from sub-Saharan Africa are presented throughout the article, with particular emphasis on some tone languages of Cameroon.
In-service life consumption estimation in power modules (2008)

Health management and reliability form a fundamental part of the design and development cycle of electronic products. In this paper compact real-time thermal models are used to predict temperatures of inaccessible locations within the power module. These models are then combined with physics of failure based reliability analysis to provide in-service predictions of crack propagation in solder layers and at the bond wire joints as a result of thermal cycling. The temperature estimates are combined with lifetime based reliability models to provide a tool for life consumption monitoring. Rainflow counting algorithms are applied to the temperature vs. time data to extract the occurrence frequencies of different thermal cycling ranges. Knowledge of the life consumed for each different cycle then allows the remaining life time to be estimated under arbitrary operational conditions. The technique can be employed to provide functions such as life consumption monitoring and prognostic maintenance scheduling.
Analysis of herpes simplex virus-induced mRNA destabilizing activity using an<i>in vitro</i>mRNA decay system (1991)

Most host mRNAs are degraded soon after infection of cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). This early shutoff or early destabilization response is induced by a virion component, the virion host shutoff (vhs) protein. HSV-1 mutants, vhs1 and vhs-delta Sma, which produce defective or inactive vhs protein, fail to induce early shutoff. We have used an in vitro mRNA decay system to analyze the destabilization process. Polysomes from uninfected human erythroleukemia cells, used as a source of target mRNAs, were mixed with polysomes or with post-polysomal supernatant (S130) from HSV-1- or mock-infected murine erythroleukemia cells. Normally stable gamma-globin mRNA was destabilized by approximately 15-fold with S130 from wild-type virus-infected cells but was not destabilized with S130 from mock-infected cells or from cells infected with either of the two HSV mutants. The virus-induced destabilizing activity had no significant effect on the in vitro half-lives of two normally unstable mRNAs, histone and c-myc. No destabilizing activity was detected in polysomes from infected cells. We conclude that a virus-induced destabilizer activity can function in vitro, is located in the S130 of infected cells, and accelerates the decay rates of some, but not all, polysome-associated host mRNAs.
REAP: recycled erbium amplifier pump (1994)

We report a novel erbium doped fiber preamplifier design with a combination of high gain (>40 dB) and low noise figure (3 dB) at 1556 nm for 80 mW of 980 nm pump power. The co-directional single pumped amplifier employs a composite two stage arrangement in which the second stage is pumped with recycled pump not used in the first stage. In addition, we contrast the amplifier performance trade-offs with the insertions of an isolator or a band pass filter or both in between the two amplifier sections. Finally, we demonstrate a receiver sensitivity of /spl minus/37 dBm (156 photons/bit) with a 10 Gb/s optical preamplifier regenerator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The role of lipids in the pathogenesis of muscle insulin resistance and beta cell failure in type II diabetes and obesity (2001)

This review considers evidence for, and putative mechanisms of, lipid-induced muscle insulin resistance. Acute free fatty acid elevation causes muscle insulin resistance in a few hours, with similar muscle lipid accumulation as accompanies more prolonged high fat diet-induced insulin resistance in rodents. Although causal relations are not as clearcut in chronic human insulin resistant states such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, it is now recognised that muscle lipids also accumulate in these states. The classic Randle glucose-fatty acid cycle is only one of a number of mechanisms by which fatty acids might influence muscle glucose metabolism and insulin action. A key factor is seen to be accumulation of muscle long chain acyl CoAs, which could alter insulin action via several mechanisms including chronic activation of protein kinase C isoforms or ceramide accumulation. These interactions are fundamental to understanding metabolic effects of new insulin "sensitizers", e.g. thiazolidinediones, which alter lipid metabolism and improve muscle insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant states. Recent work has also pointed to a possible role of lipids in beta cell deterioration ("lipotoxicity") associated with type 2 diabetes.
Identification of MicroRNA-93 as a Novel Regulator of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Hyperglycemic Conditions (2010)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a dimeric glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in microvascular complications of diabetes, including diabetic nephropathy. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms governing VEGF expression in the diabetic milieu are still poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that microRNA-93 (miR-93) regulates VEGF expression in experimental models of diabetes both in vitro and in vivo. Comparative microRNA expression profile arrays identified miR-93 as a signature microRNA in hyperglycemic conditions. We identified VEGF-A as a putative target of miR-93 in the kidney with a perfect complementarity between miR-93 and the 3'-untranslated region of vegfa in several species. When cotransfected with a luciferase reporter construct containing the mouse vegfa 3'-untranslated region, expression of miR-93 markedly decreased the luciferase activity. We showed that forced expression of miR-93 in cells abrogated VEGF protein secretion. Conversely, anti-miR-93 inhibitors increased VEGF release. Transfection of miR-93 also prevented the effect of high glucose on VEGF downstream targets. Using transgenic mice containing VEGF-LacZ bicistronic transcripts, we found that inhibition of glomerular miR-93 by peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers elicited increased expression of VEGF. Our findings also indicate that high glucose decreases miR-93 expression by down-regulating the promoter of the host MCM7 gene. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the role of miR-93 in VEGF signaling pathway and offer a potentially novel target in preventing the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Accelerated MRI for the assessment of cardiac function (2016)

Heart disease is a worldwide public health problem; assessment of cardiac function is an important part of the diagnosis and management of heart disease. MRI of the heart can provide clinically useful information on cardiac function, although it is still not routinely used in clinical practice, in part because of limited imaging speed. New accelerated methods for performing cardiovascular MRI (CMR) have the potential to provide both increased imaging speed and robustness to CMR, as well as access to increased functional information. In this review, we will briefly discuss the main methods currently employed to accelerate CMR methods, such as parallel imaging, k-t undersampling and compressed sensing, as well as new approaches that extend the idea of compressed sensing and exploit sparsity to provide richer information of potential use in clinical practice.
<title>Electrolytic phase transformation actuators</title> (2003)

The emerging field of materials-based actuation continues to be the focus of considerable research due to its inherent scalability and its promise to drive devices in ways that cannot be realized with conventional mechanical actuator strategies. Current approaches include electrochemically responsive conducting polymers, capacitance-driven carbon nanotubes actuators, pH responsive hydrogels, ionic polymer metal composites, electric field responsive elastomers, and field-driven electrostrictive polymers. However, simple electrochemical processes that lead to phase transformations, particularly from liquid to gas, have been virtually ignored. Although a few specialized applications have been proposed, the nature of the reactions and their implication for design, performance, and widespread applicability have not been addressed. Herein we report an electrolytic phase transformation (EPT) actuator, a device capable of producing strains surpassing 136,000% and stresses beyond 200 MPa. These performance characteristics are several orders of magnitude greater than those reported for other materials and could potentially compete with existing commercial hydraulic systems. Furthermore, unlike other materials-based systems that rely on bimorph structures to translate infinitesimally small volume changes into observable deflections, this device can direct all of its output towards linear motion. We show here that an unoptimized actuator prototype can produce volume and pressure changes close to the theoretically predicted values, with maximum stress (70 kPa) limited only by the mechanical strength of the apparatus. Expansion is very rapid and scales with applied current density. Retraction depends on the catalytic nature of the electrode, and state-of-the-art commercial fuel cell electrodes should allow rates surpassing 0.9 mL's<sup>-1</sup>.cm<sup>-2</sup> and 370 kPa's<sup>-1</sup>.cm<sup>-2</sup>. We anticipate that this approach will provide a new direction for producing scalable, low-weight, high performance actuators that will be useful in a broad range of applications.
Estimating prokaryotic diversity and its limits (2002)

The absolute diversity of prokaryotes is widely held to be unknown and unknowable at any scale in any environment. However, it is not necessary to count every species in a community to estimate the number of different taxa therein. It is sufficient to estimate the area under the species abundance curve for that environment. Log-normal species abundance curves are thought to characterize communities, such as bacteria, which exhibit highly dynamic and random growth. Thus, we are able to show that the diversity of prokaryotic communities may be related to the ratio of two measurable variables: the total number of individuals in the community and the abundance of the most abundant members of that community. We assume that either the least abundant species has an abundance of 1 or Preston's canonical hypothesis is valid. Consequently, we can estimate the bacterial diversity on a small scale (oceans 160 per ml; soil 6,400-38,000 per g; sewage works 70 per ml). We are also able to speculate about diversity at a larger scale, thus the entire bacterial diversity of the sea may be unlikely to exceed 2 x 10(6), while a ton of soil could contain 4 x 10(6) different taxa. These are preliminary estimates that may change as we gain a greater understanding of the nature of prokaryotic species abundance curves. Nevertheless, it is evident that local and global prokaryotic diversity can be understood through species abundance curves and purely experimental approaches to solving this conundrum will be fruitless.
Use of Bioinformatics in Arrays (2003)

Previous chapters have discussed in detail how to prepare, print and hybridize DNA arrays on various surfaces. Once hybridization is completed, the next step is to scan in the glass, gel, or plastic slides with a specialized scanner to obtain digital images of the results of the experiment. The DNA expression levels are then quantified with the help of image-analysis software. After the image processing and analysis step is completed, we end up with a large number of quantified gene expression values. The data typically represent hundreds or thousands, in certain cases tens of thousands, of gene expressions across multiple experiments. To make sense of this much information requires the use various of visualization and statistical analysis techniques. One of the most typical microarray data analysis goal is to find statistically significantly up- or downregulated genes; in other words outliers or “interestingly” behaving genes in the data. Other possible goals could be to find functional groupings of genes by discovering similarity or dissimilarity among gene-expression profiles, or predicting the biochemical and physiological pathways of previously uncharacterized genes.
Implantable myoelectric sensors (IMES) for upper-extremity prosthesis control- preliminary work (2004)

We are developing a multichannel/multifunction prosthetic hand/arm controller system capable of receiving and processing signals from up to sixteen Implanted MyoElectric Sensors (IMES). A BION/spl reg/ II package will house the implantable electrode electronics and associated circuitry. An external prosthesis controller will decipher user intent from telemetry sent over a transcutaneous magnetic link by the implanted electrodes. The same link will provide power for the implanted electrodes. Development of such a system will greatly increase the number of control sources available to amputees for control of their prostheses. This will encourage the design and fitting of more functional prostheses than are currently available.