gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ANF and postprandial control of sodium excretion in dogs with compensated heart failure (1990)

The changes in plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor (iANF) and urinary Na excretion that occur in response to an oral load of Na and to infusion of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) were examined in conscious dogs with an arteriovenous (AV) fistula and chronic compensated high-output heart failure. After ingestion of a meal containing 125 meq Na, plasma iANF and right atrial pressure increased from high basal levels of 506 +/- 46 pg/ml and 96 +/- 5 mmH2O to peak responses of 728 +/- 43 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) and 104 +/- 6 mmH2O (P less than 0.05). These increases were associated with a brisk postprandial natriuresis and diuresis of a magnitude previously observed in normal dogs. Synthetic ANF infusions that achieved plasma iANF levels of similar and higher magnitude to those observed during the feeding experiments did not produce a significant natriuresis in these AV fistula dogs. In separate series of experiments, chronic effects of normal and low-Na diets on daily Na excretion and postabsorptive plasma iANF, renin, and aldosterone were studied in normal and AV fistula dogs. During the normal Na diet of 40 meq/day, both groups had normal levels of renin and aldosterone, but Na balance was achieved in AV fistula animals in the presence of a fourfold elevation in plasma iANF compared with normal dogs (P less than 0.05). During 2 wk of Na restriction, cumulative negative Na balance and marked stimulation of renin and aldosterone were similar in normal and AV fistula animals, but plasma iANF did not change significantly in either group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Catalytic and Thermal Cracking of Pure Hydrocarbons: Mechanisms of Reaction (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic and Thermal Cracking of Pure Hydrocarbons: Mechanisms of ReactionB. S. Greensfelder, H. H. Voge, and G. M. GoodCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 11, 2573–2584Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50479a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50479a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3596Altmetric-Citations274LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Spacing and Transpiration of Various Sized Clumps of a Desert Grass, Hilaria Rigida (1981)

SUMMARY desert. (2) Clumps of increasing size tended to be further from a random point as well as separated from their nearest neighbouring H. rigida by greater distances. (3) Larger clumps had more ground area for their roots. This was graphically demonstrated using polygons circumscribing individual clumps and directly measured by excavation of the roots. The larger space occupied by the larger clumps presumably reflects their pre-emption of ground water. (4) Leaves on small clumps (less than 10 culms) had a three-fold higher rate of transpiration per unit leaf area than had leaves on large clumps (over 200 culms), but the larger clumps had nearly three times as much leaf area per unit ground area. Consequently, the depth of water transpired daily did not depend on clump size. (5) As the amount of CO2 fixed per unit ground area also did not differ with clump size, the pattern of small and large clumps may be quite persistent in time.
A three step continuous flow synthesis of the biaryl unit of the HIV protease inhibitorAtazanavir (2013)

The development of multistep continuous flow reactions for the synthesis of important intermediates for the pharmaceutical industry is still a significant challenge. In the present contribution the biaryl-hydrazine unit of Atazanavir, an important HIV protease inhibitor, was prepared in a three-step continuous flow sequence in 74% overall yield. The synthesis involved Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling, followed by hydrazone formation and a subsequent hydrogenation step, and additionally incorporates a liquid–liquid extraction step.
Measurement of apparent power components in the frequency domain (1990)

An algorithm and a digital signal-processing technique are proposed for the measurement of the apparent power components in the frequency-domain approach. The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is applied to simultaneous samples of voltage and current waveforms to compare their respective spectra. The RMS values of the harmonic currents flowing between the source and the load (resistive, reactive, and generated by the load nonlinearity) are calculated. The algorithm evaluates V/sub RMS/, I/sub RMS/ and the active power in both the time and frequency domains, and the resistive, reactive, and complementary power components in the frequency domain.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The antimalarial activity of N-benzyloxydihydrotriazines (1980)

A series of N-benzyloxydihydrotriazines were prepared and found to have antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infections in mice. One of the most active of these compounds. 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1-(3,4 dichlorobenzyloxy)-1,3,5-triazine hydrochloride (clociguanil; BRL 50216) was selected for further evaluation.In the four day suppressive test against P. berghei in mice the ED50 of clociguanil was 0·16mg/kg and the ED90 was 0·39 mg/kg when given by the subcutaneous route. This is approximately 30 times more active than cycloguanil and ten times more active than chloroquine when compared in the same test system. In therapeutic experiments a single dose of 100 mg/kg clociguanil given by the oral or subcutaneous route completely cleared an established infection of P. berghei 72 hours after dosing. The acute LD50 in mice by the subcutaneous route was shown to be greater than 2·5 g/kg.Mode of action studies indicated that clociguanil is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor of Plasmodium and is capable of marked potentiation with a selected sulphonamide against both the sensitive N strain and the cycloguanil-resistant B line of P. berghei.The reasons why clociguanil has not been further developed for clinical use are discussed.
Increased tricarboxylic acid cycle flux in rat brain during forepaw stimulation detected with 1H[13C]NMR. (1996)

NMR spectroscopy was used to test recent proposals that the additional energy required for brain activation is provided through nonoxidative glycolysis. Using localized NMR spectroscopic methods, the rate of C4-glutamate isotopic turnover from infused [1-(13)C]glucose was measured in the somatosensory cortex of rat brain both at rest and during forepaw stimulation. Analysis of the glutamate turnover data using a mathematical model of cerebral glucose metabolism showed that the tricarboxylic acid cycle flux [(V(TCA)] increased from 0.49 +/- 0.03 at rest to 1.48 +/- 0.82 micromol/g/min during stimulation (P < 0.01). The minimum fraction of C4-glutamate derived from C1-glucose was approximately 75%, and this fraction was found in both the resting and stimulated rats. Hence, the percentage increase in oxidative cerebral metabolic rate of glucose use (CMRglc) equals the percentage increases in V(TCA) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2). Comparison with previous work for the same rat model, which measured total CMRglc [Ueki, M., Linn, F. & Hossman, K. A. (1988) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 8, 486-4941, indicates that oxidative CMRglc supplies the majority of energy during sustained brain activation.
High Bandwidth, Fine Resolution Deformable Mirror Design. (1980)

This report describes the design, fabrication and testing of five candidate actuator types to achieve a deformable mirror capable of 6 microns dilatation at 1.5 kV. The actuator types are the coherent stack, bimorph, tube, multilayer and the honeycomb.
Gait speed under varied challenges and cognitive decline in older persons: a prospective study (2009)

measuring fast gait speed in older persons may assist in identifying those at high risk of cognitive decline.
Iron-Catalyzed Difluoromethylation of Arylzincs with Difluoromethyl 2-Pyridyl Sulfone (2017)

We report the first iron-catalyzed difluoromethylation of arylzincs with difluoromethyl 2-pyridyl sulfone via selective C-S bond cleavage. This method employs the readily available, bench-stable fluoroalkyl sulfone reagent and inexpensive iron catalyst, allowing facile access to structurally diverse difluoromethylated arenes at low temperatures. The experiment employing a radical clock indicates the involvement of radical species in this iron-catalyzed difluoromethylation process.
SPC4, SPC6, and the novel protease SPC7 are coexpressed with bone morphogenetic proteins at distinct sites during embryogenesis. (1996)

In the present study, we screened for subtilisin-like proprotein convertases (SPCs) that potentially regulate the activation of known growth factors during embryonic development. We isolated a novel protease, SPC7, as well as several known SPCs. SPC7, like SPC1, is expressed ubiquitously throughout development. In contrast, SPC4 and SPC6 exhibit dynamic expression patterns. SPC4 transcripts were initially detected in the granulosa cells of secondary follicles. Shortly after implantation, SPC4 transcripts are localized to extraembryonic cell populations, and at later stages are detected in discrete tissues including the primitive gut, heart, neural tube, and limb buds. Within the limb buds, SPC4 mRNA is most abundant in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER). At later stages of limb development, SPC4 mRNA is strongly expressed in cartilage and in the interdigital mesenchyme. In contrast, high SPC6 mRNA levels are detected in somites, the dorsal surface ectoderm, and in vertebral cartilage primordia. In limb buds, SPC6 is strongly expressed in the AER, and at later stages in dorsal mesenchyme. A comparison of these expression patterns with those of several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) indicates that processing of these growth factors may be limited by the local availability of SPCs.
Quantitative Determination of Gluten Protein Types in Wheat Flour by Reversed‐Phase High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography (1998)

ABSTRACT A combined extraction‐HPLC procedure was developed on a microscale to determine the amounts of the different gluten protein types (ω5‐, ω1,2‐, α‐ and γ‐gliadins; high molecular weight [HMW] and low molecular weight [LMW] glutenin subunits) in wheat flour. After preextraction of albumins and globulins from flour (100 mg) with a salt solution (2 × 1.0 mL), extraction of gliadins was achieved with 60% aqueous ethanol (3 × 0.5 mL). Subsequently, the glutenin subunits were extracted under nitrogen and at 60°C with 50% aqueous 1‐propanol containing Tris‐HCl (0.05 mol/L, pH 7.5), urea (2 mol/L) and dithioerythritol (1%). The separation and quantitative determination of gliadins and glutenin subunits was then performed by reversed‐phase HPLC on C 8 silica gel at 50°C using a gradient of increasing acetonitrile concentration in the presence of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 210 nm. Temperature and flow rate were modified for the quantitation of single underivatized HMW subunits. To determine the absolute amounts of protein types, different protein standards (gliadin, LMW and HMW subunits, bovine serum albumin) with known protein contents were compared to HPLC absorbance areas. The calibration curves were almost identical and linear over a broad range (20–220 μg). This extraction‐HPLC procedure allows an accurate, reproducible, sensitive, and relatively fast quantitative determination of all gluten protein types in wheat flour, and can be applied to quality evaluation of cereals as raw materials or in processed products.
Discrete Fourier transform–based watermarking method with an optimal implementation radius (2011)

In this paper, we evaluate the degradation of an image due to the implementation of a watermark in the frequency domain of the image. As a result, a watermarking method, which minimizes the impact of the watermark implementation on the overall quality of an image, is developed. The watermark is embedded in magnitudes of the Fourier transform. A peak signal-to-noise ratio is used to evaluate quality degradation. The obtained results were used to develop a watermarking strategy that chooses the optimal radius of the implementation to minimize quality degradation. The robustness of the proposed method was evaluated on the dataset of 1000 images. Detection rates and receiver operating characteristic performance showed considerable robustness against the print-scan process, print-cam process, amplitude modulated, halftoning, and attacks from the StirMark benchmark software.
Conflict, Understanding, and Relationships: Developments and Differences in the Preschool Years (1995)

Children's conflict management in three close relationships was studied longitudinally in 38 second born children, observed at home with their mothers and siblings at 33 months and at 47 months, and with friends at 47 months. Children used significantly more other-oriented argument with friends than with their mothers or siblings. Their use of reasoned argument with their siblings, but not their mothers, was related to their emotional understanding assessed formally at 40 months. The emotional context of conflict interactions was found to be important as an influence on children's use of reasoned argument, with less reasoning shown by children when they were upset at 33 months. The differences in patterns over time and in links with emotional understanding for these different relationships is discussed, and the significance of child-child interaction in the development of social understanding is highlighted.
Traditional Chinese medicine in dermatology (2003)

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative method of therapy that can be administered in oral, topical, or injectable forms. It emphasizes the importance of using many herbs that are combined in different formulations for each individual patient. Since it is not possible to discuss all applications of TCM in every skin disorder, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are used as the prototypes in illustrating the use of TCM. A number of studies have shown the usefulness of TCM in the treatment of these skin conditions, and thus it is worthwhile for dermatologists throughout the West to gain some familiarity with this method. We attempt to provide a general overview of TCM through a discussion of efficacy, mechanisms of action, and side effects of various TCMs. A warning regarding the possible contamination of TCMs is also included. In the future, perhaps a better understanding of TCM will be gained through more systematic analysis and controlled studies with a placebo arm. It is our hope that this article will provide dermatologists with a more complete understanding of the role and ramifications of TCM therapy.
The Hidden Life of Latent Variables: Bayesian Learning with Mixed Graph Models (2009)

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) have been widely used as a representation of conditional independence in machine learning and statistics. Moreover, hidden or latent variables are often an important component of graphical models. However, DAG models suffer from an important limitation: the family of DAGs is not closed under marginalization of hidden variables. This means that in general we cannot use a DAG to represent the independencies over a subset of variables in a larger DAG. Directed mixed graphs (DMGs) are a representation that includes DAGs as a special case, and overcomes this limitation. This paper introduces algorithms for performing Bayesian inference in Gaussian and probit DMG models. An important requirement for inference is the characterization of the distribution over parameters of the models. We introduce a new distribution for covariance matrices of Gaussian DMGs. We discuss and illustrate how several Bayesian machine learning tasks can benefit from the principle presented here: the power to model dependencies that are generated from hidden variables, but without necessarily modelling such variables explicitly.
CHIRAL DRUG INTERACTIONS (1999)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCHIRAL DRUG INTERACTIONSDrug delivery systems, threats from generics, and FDA requirements all intersect the issue of chiralitySTEPHEN C. STINSONView Author Information C&EN Northeast News BureauCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1999, 77, 41, 101–120Publication Date (Print):October 11, 1999Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 11 October 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v077n041.p101https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v077n041.p101newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Chirality Get e-Alerts
A preliminary study on continuous authentication methods for photoplethysmographic biometrics (2013)

Recent studies in biometrics focus on one dimensional physiological signals commonly acquired in medical applications, like electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalograms (EEG), phonocardiogram (PCG), and photoplethysmogram (PPG). In this context, an important application is in continuous authentication scenarios since physiological signals are frequently captured for long time periods in order to monitor the health status of the patients.
Catalytic Generation of Indium Hydride in a Highly Diastereoselective Reductive Aldol Reaction (2004)

A one-pot synthesis of β-hydroxyketones has been achieved by the reductive aldol reaction of enones and aldehydes in the presence of Et3SiH and a catalytic amount of InBr3 (see scheme). The reaction is highly diastereoselective and no reduction of the starting aldehydes occurs. This method is superior to conventional reductive aldol reactions in terms of applicability to a wide range of enones and aldehydes.
Effect of Electrolyte on Synergism of Anionic-Nonionic Surfactant Mixture (2007)

In this study, anionic (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) and nonionic (Triton X l00) surfactants mixture (1:1 mass ratio) were evaluated for synergism in Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) at different ionic strength values. Interaction between the binary surfactant mixture was studied by surface and interfacial tensions. The composition of mixed micelles and the interaction parameter, I² evaluated from the CMC data obtained by both surface and interfacial tensions for different systems using Rubinghâ€™ s theory were discussed. It has been shown, that the, micellization behavior of the mixture was improved significantly in presence of salt in particular after equilibration with shale.
Recent Applications of Photochromic Sol-Gel Materials (1997)

Abstract Among the developments associated with sol-gel materials, of relevance is the entrapment of photochromic molecules. Photochromic-doped sol-gel gel-glasses can be prepared by adding a spiropyrane photochromic dye to a solution of ethoxy silane monomers containing non-reacting ethyl radicals. After polymerization, normal photochromism (i.e., colored material upon UV irradiation) is obtained in the resulting matrix. The sol-gel matrix strongly affects the photohhermal reactions of the embedded organic molecule. If these materials are attached to optical fibers, the properties of the light throughput may be modified. An approach to optical memory applications by writing and erasing on newly developed photochromic and thermochromic materials is reported. In this report we emphasize on some of the applications of doped sol-gel glasses, reviewing past results and describing recent progress, mainly in our laboratories.
Trust[ed | in] computing, signed code and the heat death of the internet (2006)

The Trusted Computing Group (TCG) is an industry consortium which has invested in the design of a small piece of hardware (roughly a smartcard), called a Trusted Platform Module (TPM), and associated APIs and protocols which are supposed to help increase the reliability of TPM-endowed computing platforms (trusted platforms). The TCG envisions that boot loaders, OSes and applications programs on trusted platforms will all collaborate in building a cryptographic hash chain which represents the current execution state of the platform, and which resides on the TPM. Remote sites can then verify that the platform in question is "in a trusted state" by requesting the TPM to produce a signed data blob containing the value of this hash chain, which can then be compared against a library of recognized ("trusted") values; this process is called remote attestation, and the whole picture is sometimes referred to as integrity-based computing (IBC).We argue that there is a fundamental gap between the stated goals of the TCG's IBC and the central technology that is intended to achieve these goals, which gap is simply that remote attestation asks the attesting platform to answer the wrong question - the platform is not attesting to its security state, but rather to its execution state, and this underlies all of the troublesome use cases, as well as a number of the practical difficulties, of the TCG world-view. One response to this is to replace standard TCG attestation with property-based attestation (PBA), which places the emphasis on deriving security properties from (potentially) elaborate trust models and conditional statements of security property dependencies. Herein the central rôle for IBC of trust and deriving consequences from precise trust models becomes clear.Finally, we claim that the TCG's own remote attestation is most properly viewed in fact as a form of PBA, with a certain simple trust model and database of security properties. From this point of view, it becomes clear that IBC can have a much less restrictive range of applications than envisioned merely by the TCG. In fact, with the right "trust infrastructure" and sufficiently open software using and relying upon this infrastructure, IBC could actually realize some of the portentous early promises of the TCG for truly increasing the reliability of individual users' platforms and pushing back the apocalyptic rise of malware, especially if platforms and OSes virtualize and enforce some kind of signed code contracts.