gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of cardiac events by Optical Vibrocardiograpy: comparison with Phonocardiography (2007)

Laser Doppler vibrometry has been recently applied for non-contact monitoring of the cardiac activity, both in terms of cardiac rate and heart rate variability, measuring the velocity of the skin surface of the chest wall and the neck (optical Vibrocardiography, VCG). To go further insight in the analysis of VCG recordings, in this study authors have compared heart sounds by digital Phonocardiography (PCG) with the motion of the skin on the chest wall by optical VCG, the final aim being the identification of some events of cardiac mechanics in the VCG signals. PCG and VCG traces were synchronously recorded on 10 healthy subjects, along with ECG. To reach this goal, multiresolution analysis together with Hilbert transforms for envelope calculation on PCG and VCG have been applied, temporal and morphological features were extracted from the signals. Data collection and signal processing allowed us to identify some events of cardiac mechanics, correlating the heart sounds relative to the closure of the mitral valve, and the following closure of the aortic and pulmonary valve with characteristic deflections identifiable on VCG traces.
Regulation of Immune Responses by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (2012)

Both genetic and epigenetic factors are important regulators of the immune system. There is an increasing body of evidence attesting to epigenetic modifications that influence the development of distinct innate and adaptive immune response cells. Chromatin remodelling via acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of histone proteins as well as DNA, methylation is epigenetic mechanisms by which immune gene expression can be controlled. In this paper, we will discuss the role of epigenetics in the regulation of host immunity, with particular emphasis on histone deacetylase inhibitors. In particular, the role of HDAC inhibitors as a new class of immunomodulatory therapeutics will also be reviewed.
Generation Mechanism of Shear Yield Stress for Regular Defect Arrays in Water-in-Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Emulsions (2003)

We have investigated the rheological behavior of the quadrilateral defect array formed in cholesteric emulsions, which are composed of water, surfactants, and cholesteric liquid crystals. The defect array is spontaneously formed after stopping the shear to the cholesteric emulsions, between glass plates with a homeotropic anchoring surface. In the formation process of the defect array, Newtonian flow behavior was detected immediately after termination of the preshear; however, the shear yield stress appeared and was increasing with rest time, corresponding to the texture change. The maximum yield stress, which is detected in the well-developed defect array, tends to be proportional to the number of point defects, among the samples with different thicknesses. The stress−strain relation shows the elastic response in the low shear strain region, which obeys Hooke's law; therefore we have discussed the pitch dependence of the elastic constant per one point defect in the defect array. We proposed a simple model to estimate the yield stress of the defect array quantitatively, by considering that the shear deformation induces the compression and elongation of the cholesteric helix. The estimated yield values were in approximate agreement with the experimental results, which means that the shear stress propagates in the defect array through the liquid-crystalline order of the cholesteric helix between neighboring point defects separately anchored on upper or lower glass surfaces.
Spatial Sharpening Of Thematic Mapper Data Using A Multiband Approach (1985)

A new image enhancement technique has been applied to enhance Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) thermal infrared (IR) imagery and has improved its effective ground resolution from 120 m to 30 m. The technique is based on an adaptive multiband least squares (LS) method for computing an optimal image estimate from reference images, and a frequency domain replacement step. The approach relies on the assumption that at a sufficiently small resolution registered TM imagery data are locally correlated across the bands. Using the local correlation property, visible and IR reference bands are used to predict the thermal IR image data. The prediction estimate is then used to augment the spatial high frequency information in the original thermal data. Preliminary experiments enhancing 120 m IR imagery (simulated degradation) to 30 m resolution show a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of 19 dB.
The<i>PDB_REDO</i>server for macromolecular structure model optimization (2014)

The refinement and validation of a crystallographic structure model is the last step before the coordinates and the associated data are submitted to the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The success of the refinement procedure is typically assessed by validating the models against geometrical criteria and the diffraction data, and is an important step in ensuring the quality of the PDB public archive [Read et al. (2011 ▶), Structure, 19, 1395-1412]. The PDB_REDO procedure aims for 'constructive validation', aspiring to consistent and optimal refinement parameterization and pro-active model rebuilding, not only correcting errors but striving for optimal interpretation of the electron density. A web server for PDB_REDO has been implemented, allowing thorough, consistent and fully automated optimization of the refinement procedure in REFMAC and partial model rebuilding. The goal of the web server is to help practicing crystallo-graphers to improve their model prior to submission to the PDB. For this, additional steps were implemented in the PDB_REDO pipeline, both in the refinement procedure, e.g. testing of resolution limits and k-fold cross-validation for small test sets, and as new validation criteria, e.g. the density-fit metrics implemented in EDSTATS and ligand validation as implemented in YASARA. Innovative ways to present the refinement and validation results to the user are also described, which together with auto-generated Coot scripts can guide users to subsequent model inspection and improvement. It is demonstrated that using the server can lead to substantial improvement of structure models before they are submitted to the PDB.
Purinergic P2Y12 Receptor Activation in Eosinophils and the Schistosomal Host Response (2015)

Identifying new target molecules through which eosinophils secrete their stored proteins may reveal new therapeutic approaches for the control of eosinophilic disorders such as host immune responses to parasites. We have recently reported the expression of the purinergic P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R) in human eosinophils; however, its functional role in this cell type and its involvement in eosinophilic inflammation remain unknown. Here, we investigated functional roles of P2Y12R in isolated human eosinophils and in a murine model of eosinophilic inflammation induced by Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infection. We found that adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) induced human eosinophils to secrete eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) in a P2Y12R dependent manner. However, ADP did not interfere with human eosinophil apoptosis or chemotaxis in vitro. In vivo, C57Bl/6 mice were infected with cercariae of the Belo Horizonte strain of S. mansoni. Analyses performed 55 days post infection revealed that P2Y12R blockade reduced the granulomatous hepatic area and the eosinophilic infiltrate, collagen deposition and IL-13/IL-4 production in the liver without affecting the parasite oviposition. As found for humans, murine eosinophils also express the P2Y12R. P2Y12R inhibition increased blood eosinophilia, whereas it decreased the bone marrow eosinophil count. Our results suggest that P2Y12R has an important role in eosinophil EPO secretion and in establishing the inflammatory response in the course of a S. mansoni infection.
A C‐terminal domain, which prevents secretion of the neuroendocrine protein 7B2 in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, inhibits Kex2 yet is processed by the Yap3 protease (1995)

Recent reports reveal that the C-terminal half of the neuroendocrine polypeptide 7B2 selectively inhibits and binds PC2, a mammalian prohormone converting enzyme that is homologous to the yeast pro-alpha-factor processing protease Kex2. During attempted secretion of the 185 amino-acid human 7B2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we observe that the protein is mostly retained inside the cell. However a mutant polypeptide (7B2 delta 1), where the C-terminal 48 amino acids of 7B2 are deleted, is efficiently secreted. Two shorter C-terminal truncations either permit poor secretion or no secretion at all. Surprisingly, full-length 7B2 but not 7B2 delta 1 abolishes the catalytic activity of Kex2, indicating that C-terminal residues of 7B2 might also be important for inhibition of the yeast protease. When the KEX2 gene is disrupted, yeast cells unexpectedly secrete a 7B2 variant similar in size to 7B2 delta 1, suggesting involvement of the alternate yeast prohormone convertase Yap3 in processing. Secretion is enhanced by overexpression of Yap3 and by the presence of a Lys-Arg residue at the processing site of precursor 7B2. These results purport that, in neuroendocrine cells too, secretion of 7B2 could be mediated by a homologue of Yap3.
mTOR Signaling in Regulatory T Cell Differentiation and Expansion (2015)

T Cell Receptor (TCR) engagement, co-stimulatory signals, and the presence of inflammatory cytokines. These signals are sensed by mTOR. Once activated, mTOR interacts with and influences T cell signaling pathways essential in regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and metabolism. Multiple agonists (TCR engagement and co-stimulation, growths factors, and cytokines) regulate T cell fate by acting on cell surface plasma membrane receptors and stimulating mTOR through the activation of PI3K-AKT and the Ras-ERK-RSK signaling pathways
Design of impedance matching network for B&K 8104 hydrophone via Direct Computational Technique for underwater communication (2010)

Underwater acoustic communication is a rapidly growing field of applied research and is a technique of sending and receiving message below water. There are several ways of doing such communication but the most common one is realized by using transducers. In underwater acoustic communication, one of the most important problems is driving the transducers with matched network. In this study, design of impedance matching network for B&K 8104 hydrophone that can be used for underwater communication was performed via Direct Computational Technique (DCT).
Clinical and Immunologic Results of a Phase II Trial of Sequential Imiquimod and Photodynamic Therapy for Vulval Intraepithelial Neoplasia (2008)

The response rates are clinically relevant, and the treatment regimen was feasible for the majority. Initial nonresponders to imiquimod seem to be relatively refractory, and this may derive from their unfavorable local immune environment, in particular, the increased proportions of T regulatory cells, possibly the limiting action and/or development of any HPV T-cell immunity. The potential benefit of this treatment is its ability to treat multifocal disease.
Role of extracellular calcium and mitochondrial oxygen species in psychosine-induced oligodendrocyte cell death (2014)

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a metabolic disease caused by mutations in the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) gene. GALC is a lysosomal enzyme whose function is to degrade galacto-lipids, including galactosyl-ceramide and galactosyl-sphingosine (psychosine, PSY). GALC loss of function causes progressive intracellular accumulation of PSY. It is widely held that PSY is the main trigger for the degeneration of myelinating cells and progressive white-matter loss. However, still little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which PSY imparts toxicity. Here, we address the role of calcium dynamics during PSY-induced cell death. Using the human oligodendrocyte cell line MO3.13, we report that cell death by PSY is accompanied by robust cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium (Ca(2+)) elevations, and by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Importantly, we demonstrate that the reduction of extracellular calcium content by the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid can decrease intra-mitochondrial ROS production and enhance cell viability. Antioxidant administration also reduces mitochondrial ROS production and cell loss, but this treatment does not synergize with Ca(2+) chelation. Our results disclose novel intracellular pathways involved in PSY-induced death that may be exploited for therapeutic purposes to delay GLD onset and/or slow down its progression.
Group nearest neighbor queries (2004)

Given two sets of points P and Q, a group nearest neighbor (GNN) query retrieves the point(s) of P with the smallest sum of distances to all points in Q. Consider, for instance, three users at locations q/sub 1/ q/sub 2/ and q/sub 3/ that want to find a meeting point (e.g., a restaurant); the corresponding query returns the data point p that minimizes the sum of Euclidean distances |pq/sub i/| for 1/spl les/i/spl les/3. Assuming that Q fits in memory and P is indexed by an R-tree, we propose several algorithms for finding the group nearest neighbors efficiently. As a second step, we extend our techniques for situations where Q cannot fit in memory, covering both indexed and nonindexed query points. An experimental evaluation identifies the best alternative based on the data and query properties.
Avoiding Equal Cost Multipath Treatment in MPLS Networks (2007)

This document describes the Equal Cost Multipath (ECMP) behavior of
currently deployed MPLS networks. This document makes best practice
recommendations for anyone defining an application to run over an MPLS
network that wishes to avoid the reordering that can result from
transmission of different packets from the same flow over multiple
different equal cost paths. These recommendations rely on inspection
of the IP version number field in packets. Despite the heuristic
nature of the recommendations, they provide a relatively safe way to
operate MPLS networks, even if future allocations of IP version
numbers were made for some purpose. This document specifies an
Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and
requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
A novel actuator with adjustable stiffness (AwAS) (2010)

This paper describes the design and development of a new actuator with adjustable stiffness (AwAS) which can be used in robots which are necessary to work close to or physically interact with humans, e.g. humanoids and exoskeletons. The actuator presented in this work can independently control equilibrium position and stiffness by two motors. The first motor controls the equilibrium position while the second motor regulates the compliance. The novelty of the proposed design with respect to the existing systems is on the principle used to regulate the compliance. This is done not through the tuning of the pretension of the elastic element as in the majority of existing system but by controlling the fixation of the elastic elements (springs) using a linear drive. An important consequence of this approach is that the displacement needed to change the stiffness is perpendicular to the forces generated by the springs, thus this helps to minimize the energy/power required to change the stiffness. This permits the use of a small motor for the stiffness adjustment resulting in a lighter setup. Experimental results are presented to show the ability of AwAS to control position and regulate the stiffness independently.
Resonant inversion of the circular photogalvanic effect in<i>n</i>-doped quantum wells (2003)

We show that the sign of the circular photogalvanic effect can be changed by tuning the radiation frequency of circularly polarized light. Here resonant inversion of the photogalvanic effect has been observed for direct intersubband transition in n-type GaAs quantum well structures. This inversion of the photon helicity driven current is a direct consequence of the lifting of the spin degeneracy due to $\mathit{k}$-linear terms in the Hamiltonian in combination with energy and momentum conservation and optical selection rules.
A Comparative Survey of Load Speculation Architectures (2000)

Load latency remains a significant bottleneck in dynamically scheduled pipelined processors. Load speculation techniques have been proposed to reduce this latency. Dependence Prediction can be used to allow loads to be issued before all prior store addresses are known, and to predict exactly which store a load should wait upon. Address Prediction can be used to allow a load to bypass the calculation of its effective address and speculatively issue. Value Prediction can be used to bypass the load forward latency and avoid cache misses. Memory Renaming has been proposed to communicate stored values directly to aliased loads. In this paper we examine in detail the interaction and performance tradeoffs of these four load speculation techniques in the presence of two mispeculation recovery architectures -- reexecution and squash. We examine the performance of combining these techniques to create a load speculation chooser which provides performance improvement over using any one technique in isolation. We also examine the accuracy of these load speculation techniques for predicting data cache misses.
Niraparib: A Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Tumors with Defective Homologous Recombination (2015)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are involved in DNA repair following damage by endogenous or exogenous processes. It has become clear over the past decade that inhibition of PARP in the context of defects in other DNA repair mechanisms provide a tumor specific way to kill cancer cells. We describe the rationale for this approach and the design and discovery of niraparib, a potent PARP-1/2 inhibitor with good cell based activity, selectivity for cancer over normal cells, and oral bioavailability. Niraparib was characterized in a number of preclinical models before moving to phase I clinical trials, where it showed excellent human pharmacokinetics suitable for once a day oral dosing, achieved its pharmacodynamic target for PARP inhibition, and had promising activity in cancer patients. It is currently being tested in phase 3 clinical trials as maintenance therapy in ovarian cancer and as a treatment for breast cancer.
The potency of immunoglobulin G fragments for inhibition of interference caused by anti-immunoglobulin antibodies in a monoclonal immunoradiometric assay for thyrotropin. (1988)

Heterophile antibodies in patients' serum may produce false increases in apparent analyte concentrations in "sandwich"-type immunoassays. Using three patients with endogenous anti-mouse IgG antibodies and a two-site mouse monoclonal assay for thyrotropin, we studied the ability of IgG fragments to block this positive interference. Mouse whole IgG and IgG Fc fragment blocked the interference virtually completely; IgG F(ab')2 and Fab fragments did not. Rat and horse immunoglobulin fragments gave variable results. We suggest that sandwich assays formulated with IgG Fab or F(ab')2 fragments may be less susceptible to positive interference by heterophile antibodies. Unlike sera from the three patients, simulated human specimens containing heterologous anti-IgG antibodies showed little or no selectivity in inhibition by IgG fragments, and therefore are not useful to study this phenomenon.
Efficacy of oral irinotecan against neuroblastoma xenografts (1997)

The efficacy of the topoisomerase I inhibitor, 7-ethyl-10-(4-[1-piperidino]-1-piperidino)-carbonyloxy-camptotheci n (irinotecan, CPT-11), administered by oral gavage has been examined against a panel of six independently derived neuroblastoma xenografts. Irinotecan was administered either daily for 5 days on 12 consecutive weeks ¿(d x 5)12¿ or for 5 days on two consecutive weeks repeated every 21 days for 4 cycles ¿[(d x 5)2]4¿. Given on the (d x 5)12 schedule the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 50 mg/kg. For intermittent scheduling ¿[(d x 5)2]4¿, the MTD was 75 mg/kg, resulting in the same total dose being administered (3 g/kg) over the period of treatment. At the MTD for the 12 consecutive week schedule there were two of 42 toxicity related deaths, whereas intermittent scheduling at the MTD resulted in none of 42 deaths. The intermittent schedule ¿[(d x 5)2]4¿ was less toxic than therapy given (d x 5)12, as at the end of treatment mice weighed 92 +/- 4% (SD; n = 6 experiments) and 81 +/- 4% (SD; n = 6 experiments) of their body weight at the start of therapy, respectively. The latter schedule was associated with loose feces starting around week 8 of therapy, broken teeth and a high incidence of swelling of the orbital conjunctiva that developed late in the course of therapy. Given (d x 5)12, irinotecan caused complete regressions of all six neuroblastoma xenograft lines. Because mice tolerate significantly greater systemic exposure to SN-38 lactone than do patients (as determined by plasma AUC at the respective MTD), we evaluated the intermittent schedule of administration, reducing the dose/administration to determine the lowest dose levels that produced objective regressions of these neuroblastoma xenografts and determined the daily systemic exposure associated with these dose levels. In four lines examined objective responses were obtained at dose levels of 12.5 or 6.25 mg/kg. The daily plasma AUC exposures associated with minimum dose achieving response in NB1691 (12.5 mg/kg), NB1643 (6.25 mg/kg) and NBEB (12.5 mg/kg) for irinotecan lactone were 219, 152 and 653 ng-h/ml, respectively; and for SN-38 lactone were 704, 418 and 987 ng-h/ml, respectively. These results indicate that childhood neuroblastoma xenografts are highly sensitive to irinotecan given by oral administration and therapeutic activity is similar to i.v. irinotecan administered on similar schedules.
A Vlsi-Implementation-Friendly EGO-Motion Detection Algorithm Based on Edge-Histogram Matching (2006)

An ego-motion detection algorithm compatible to hardware implementation has been developed. The algorithm utilizes local motion detection scheme based on edge-histogram matching, which enables us to detect local motions robustly in segmented blocks in a visual field. An 18-dimension motion field vector is generated by summarizing local motions. Then the vector quantization is carried out to recognize the ego-motion. In order to achieve further robustness, two thresholding techniques, block thresholding and median processing, are employed in the procedure. In computer simulation, over 93% of detecting accuracy has been experimentally demonstrated by template matching using 30 template vectors generated from each of four ego-motion types.
Empathy and Spirituality: Is there a Gay Advantage? (2013)

It is co mmonly believed that gay people tend to be more emotionally sensitive. Due to the oppression and victimization, ho mosexual individuals could have evolved to become more empathic and spiritual. Th is study thus aimed to study the positive aspects of functioning in gay people (in this study, homosexual males) specifically empathy and spirituality by providing a co mparative perspective. A total of 58 ho mosexual males (mean age = 31.3 years, S.D. = 10.1 years) and 46 heterosexual males (mean age = 21.9 years, S.D. = 4.3 years) participated. All participants completed an online survey on empathic and spirituality d ispositions (using measures of the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and a measure on spirituality). Ho mosexual males evidenced higher level of empathic concern compared to heterosexual males. Ho wever, there are no differences in other aspects of empathy (i.e., perspective taking, fantasy, personal distress) and spirituality between homosexual and heterosexual males. There is also differential relat ion between different aspects of empathy with spirituality in ho mosexual and heterosexual males.