gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Anorexia in Resistance and Tolerance to Infections in Drosophila (2009)

Most infections induce anorexia but its function, if any, remains unclear. Because this response is common among animals, we hypothesized that infection-induced diet restriction might be an adaptive trait that modulates the host's ability to fight infection. Two defense strategies protect hosts against infections: resistance, which is the ability to control pathogen levels, and tolerance, which helps the host endure infection-induced pathology. Here we show that infected fruit flies become anorexic and that diet restriction alters defenses, increasing the fly's tolerance to Salmonella typhimurium infections while decreasing resistance to Listeria monocytogenes. This suggests that attempts to extend lifespan through diet restriction or the manipulation of pathways mimicking this process will have complicated effects on a host's ability to fight infections.
The <i>fasciated ear2</i> gene encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein that regulates shoot meristem proliferation in maize (2001)

The ability to initiate organs throughout the lifecycle is a unique feature of plant development that is executed by groups of stem cells called meristems. The balance between stem cell proliferation and organ initiation is carefully regulated and ensures that organs can be initiated in regular geometric patterns. To understand how this regulation is achieved, we isolated a novel mutant of maize, fasciated ear2 (fea2), which causes a massive overproliferation of the ear inflorescence meristem and a more modest effect on floral meristem size and organ number. We cloned the fea2 gene using transposon tagging, and it encodes a membrane localized leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein that is most closely related to CLAVATA2 from Arabidopsis. These findings provide evidence that the CLAVATA pathway for regulation of meristem size is functionally conserved throughout the angiosperms. A possible connection of fea2 to the control of crop yields is discussed.
Ruminal Degradation and Dose Response of Dairy Cows to Dietary L-Carnitine (1996)

In Experiment 1, in vitro degradation of L-carnitine was measured in ruminal fluid obtained either from a cow that was fed a 75% concentrate diet or from a cow fed a control (50% forage and 3% fat) diet. Carnitine degradation was greater in ruminal fluid from the cow fed the control diet than in ruminal fluid from the cow fed the 75% concentrate diet and was more rapid in ruminal fluid obtained after 2 wk of adaptation to dietary carnitine supplementation (7 g/d). In Experiment 2, 20 multiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated 5 x 5 Latin square design to determine the effects of increasing the amount of dietary L-carnitine (0, 0.875, 1.75, 3.5, or 7.0 g/d) that was fed to lactating dairy cows. All cows received the same diet, which contained 3% added fat. Carnitine concentration in milk and plasma increased linearly with carnitine supplementation. The DMI, milk yield, and milk composition were unaffected by carnitine. Apparent total tract digestibilities of NDF and fatty acids decreased quadratically as the amount of supplemented carnitine increased; generally, means were lowest when cows were fed 1.75 g/d of carnitine. The concentration of total VFA and molar percentages of individual VFA in ruminal fluid were unaffected by the amount of carnitine fed. Concentrations of glucose, NEFA, and urea N in plasma were unaffected by the amount of dietary carnitine; however, plasma cholesterol concentration decreased linearly as carnitine increased. Supplementation of < or = 7.0 g/d of dietary carnitine did not benefit DMI, milk yield, milk composition, or digestive measurements in this experiment.
Heat Exchangers for Thermoelectric Devices (2012)

This chapter shows in the first place the influence of heat exchangers on the performance of both thermoelectric generation and thermoelectric refrigeration devices. Then, there are presented different types of heat exchangers specifically designed for dissipating high heat fluxes from the cold and the hot side of thermoelectric devices. After that, the chapter studies the improvement in the efficiency of thermoelectric devices achieved with these heat exchangers. Finally, the concept of thermoelectric self-refrigeration is introduced; this application uses thermoelectric technology for the refrigeration and temperature control of a device, without electricity consumption.
Oncolytic Herpesvirus Effectively Treats Murine Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Spreads by Natural Lymphatics to Treat Sites of Lymphatic Metastases (2002)

Oncolytic herpesviruses have significant antitumoral effects in animal models when delivered directly to established tumors. Lymphatic metastases are a common occurrence for many tumor types. This study investigates the potential of an attenuated, replication-competent, oncolytic herpes simplex virus (NV1023) both to treat a primary tumor by direct injection and to travel through the lymphatic system to treat metastatic tumor within the lymph nodes draining lymph from the site of primary cancer. Isosulfan blue dye was injected into murine auricles to determine normal lymphatic drainage patterns and demonstrated consistent blue staining of a group of ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes. Auricular injections of NV1023 resulted in viral transit to these lymph nodes as measured by 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside histochemistry and viral plaque assay. An oncolytic herpesvirus (NV1066) expressing green fluorescent protein also demonstrated viral transit from the auricle to the cervical lymph nodes on fluorescence microscopy. Using the SCC VII cell line, a novel murine model of auricular squamous cell carcinoma was developed with an approximately 20% incidence of cervical lymph node metastases. Delivery of NV1023 or NV1066 to the surgical beds after excision of auricular SCC VII tumors resulted in successful viral infection of metastatic SCC VII cells within the cervical lymph nodes. After a 7-week follow-up, significantly enhanced locoregional control (p < 0.05, Fisher exact test) and disease-free survival (p < 0.05, log rank test) were evident with NV1023 treatment. This study demonstrates that the delivery of an oncolytic herpesvirus to a primary tumor site after surgical excision may have a significant impact on reducing both primary site recurrence and regional nodal metastases.
Antibiotic resistance of microorganisms involved in ear, nose and throat infections (1994)

From the Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, National Institute of Health INSALD, Madrid, Spain
Application of solid-phase transition kinetics to the properties of HMX (1983)

Introduction T chemical HMX (octahydro-l,3,5,7-tetranitro1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) is an important nitramine monopropellant. Recently we have determined the pressuretemperature phase diagram for the conversion of the 0 polymorph to the 6 polymorph.' This phase transformation involves both a major disruption of the crystal lattice from the monoclinic to the hexagonal crystal system' and a ring conformation change of 0 (chair) to 6 (chair-chair) shown in Fig. 1. The volume expansion associated with the first-order 0—6 phase transition (the density is 1.90 g/cm for (3 and 1.78 g/cm for 6) will lead to strain and microfracturing in the crystallites. Hence, the mechanical properties and combustion characteristics of HMX could be affected by this transition. The phase transformation temperature depends on the applied pressure'' and the particle size of HMX.' At very high pressures where the temperature of the phase transition is high enough to produce considerable decomposition, the enthalpy change A// for the conversion is similar to the activation energy of decomposition. Hence, at high pressure, the 0-*6 transformation could be a source of fracturing and heat release in the thermal wave below a burning surface. Such events concern deflagration-to-detonation transitions and combustion modeling of HMX, particularly with larger particle sizes. Intimately coupled to the thermochemical analysis of the 0 — 6 transition is the kinetics of the process. While a number of thermochemical studies are now available,''' no kinetic data on this phase transition have been obtained. This void is undoubtedly due to the difficulty of measuring the rates of solid-solid transitions. In fact, the entire domain of firstorder solid-solid phase transitions in organic materials at elevated temperatures is virgin territory. We have determined the Arrhenius parameters by using Fourier transform/infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Full reports describing the methodology of phase transition kinetics studies by FT-IR and the kinetic stabilities, applications, and significance of other HMX polymorphs appear elsewhere.' This Note deals with the relationship of the 0 —6-HMX solid-phase transition kinetics to propellants.
ORGANOMETALLIC GEOCHEMISTRY. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANOARSENIC AND INORGANIC ARSENIC COMPOUNDS FROM GREEN RIVER FORMATION OIL SHALE (1983)

The molecular characterization of methylarsonic acid, phenylarsonic acid and the inorganic anion, arsenate, found in a methanol extract of a Green River Formation Oil shale sample was accomplished by HPLC-GFAA analysis.In addition, derivatization of the acids, HPLC purified, by reaction with 3-methylcatechol to form the five coordinate organoarsenic catecholates as well as reaction, via trinethylsilylation, of the aonium salt of arsenate to form tristrinethylsilylarsenate was followed by CC-ElMS analysis to provide unequivocal evidence for the presence of these organometallic and inorganic compounds of arsenic as natural products in oil shale.
A comparative pollen analysis of two bogs within the boundaries of the late Wisconsin glaciation in Indiana (1940)

The study of the migration and succession of forest types by means of fossil pollen analysis is very significant in determining the climatic conditions which have existed since Pleistocene times.
Statistical machine translation : from single-word models to alignment templates (2002)

In this work, new approaches for machine translation using statistical methods are described. In addition to the standard source-channel approach to statistical machine translation, a more general approach based on the maximum entropy principle is presented. Various methods for computing single-word alignments using statistical or heuristic models are described. Various smoothing techniques, methods to integrate a conventional dictionary and training methods are analyzed. A detailed evaluation of these models is performed by comparing the automatically produced word alignment with a manually produced reference alignment. Based on these fundamental single-word based alignment models, a new phrase-based translation model - the alignment template model - is suggested. For this model, a training and an efficient search algorithm is developed. For two specific applications (interactive translation and multi-source translation) specific search algorithms are developed. The suggested machine translation approach has been tested for the German-English Verbmobil task, the French-English Hansards task and for Chinese-English news text translation. Often, the obtained results have been significantly better than those obtained with alternative approaches to machine translation.
Determining Remaining Useful Life of Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants ? Interim Study FY13 (2013)

The most important criterion for cable performance is its ability to withstand a design-basis accident. With nearly 1000 km of power, control, instrumentation, and other cables typically found in an NPP, it would be a significant undertaking to inspect all of the cables. Degradation of the cable jacket, electrical insulation, and other cable components is a key issue that is likely to affect the ability of the currently installed cables to operate safely and reliably for another 20 to 40 years beyond the initial operating life. The development of one or more nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques and supporting models that could assist in determining the remaining life expectancy of cables or their current degradation state would be of significant interest. The ability to nondestructively determine material and electrical properties of cable jackets and insulation without disturbing the cables or connections has been deemed essential. Currently, the only technique accepted by industry to measure cable elasticity (the gold standard for determining cable insulation degradation) is the indentation measurement. All other NDE techniques are used to find flaws in the cable and do not provide information to determine the current health or life expectancy. There is no single NDE technique that can satisfy all of the requirements needed for making a life-expectancy determination, but a wide range of methods have been evaluated for use in NPPs as part of a continuous evaluation program. The commonly used methods are indentation and visual inspection, but these are only suitable for easily accessible cables. Several NDE methodologies using electrical techniques are in use today for flaw detection but there are none that can predict the life of a cable. There are, however, several physical and chemical ptoperty changes in cable insulation as a result of thermal and radiation damage. In principle, these properties may be targets for advanced NDE methods to provide early warning of aging and degradation. Examples of such key indicators include changes in chemical structure, mechanical modulus, and dielectric permittivity. While some of these indicators are the basis of currently used technologies, there is a need to increase the volume of cable that may be inspected with a single measurement, and if possible, to develop techniques for in-situ inspection (i.e., while the cable is in operation). This is the focus of the present report.
Synthesis of light-field raw data from RGB-D images (2015)

Image raw data captured by light-field cameras such as Lytro and Raytrix have been strictly protected by the manufacturers, which results in a serious hurdle to most academic researchers working in this area. In this paper, we make an attempt of developing an algorithm that can generate light-field raw data from a single input picture captured by a conventional camera together with its depth map. Our algorithm follows closely the imaging procedure of the light-field camera with micro lens, with certain simplification. Specifically, an input image (of size W × H) will be projected to a light-field data of size (M × P) × (N × P), assuming that the micro-lens array has size M × N micro lens and each micro lens is supported by P × P sensors. In our work, the main lens is partitioned into K × K cells, each pixel of the input picture is assumed to locate at certain distance from the main lens and regarded as a lighting source. The directional light emitted from each pixel goes through the main lens and the corresponding micro-lens to be recorded at a particular sensor in the CMOS array. We will derive the geometry of this imaging process as well as the intensity recorded at each sensor. We choose to run the refocusing algorithm to verify whether the light-field data generated by our algorithm is meaningful or not. Comparing the refocused images against the original input picture shows that our synthesis algorithm seems quite successful.
Lithographically Encoded Polymer Microtaggant Using High‐Capacity and Error‐Correctable QR Code for Anti‐Counterfeiting of Drugs (2012)

A QR-coded microtaggant for the anti-counterfeiting of drugs is proposed that can provide high capacity and error-correction capability. It is fabricated lithographically in a microfluidic channel with special consideration of the island patterns in the QR Code. The microtaggant is incorporated in the drug capsule ("on-dose authentication") and can be read by a simple smartphone QR Code reader application when removed from the capsule and washed free of drug.
New-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus During Chronic Dialysis and After Transplantation for Idiopathic Renal Failure (1997)

The onset of end-stage renal disease typically leads to quiescence of systemic lupus erythematosus clinical and serologic activity. We report two cases of systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosed for the first time years after dialysis and transplantation, respectively, for idiopathic end-stage renal disease. The transplant patient developed SLE despite ongoing treatment with prednisone and cyclosporine. New onset SLE can occasionally occur despite dialysis or transplantation.
Isolation of the V-ATPase A and c subunit cDNAs from mosquito midgut and malpighian tubules (1998)

Using conserved amino acid sequences for the design of oligonucleotide primers, we isolated cDNA clones for two subunits of the V-ATPase from the midgut and Malpighian tubules of Aedes aegypti larvae. The 3.1 kb cDNA of the A subunit of the peripheral catalytic V1 sector codes for a protein of 68.6 kDa. The protein contains conserved motifs, including an ATP/GTP binding site, found in all other A subunits. Southern analysis using the A subunit as a probe suggests the presence of only a single copy of gene in the Aedes aegypti. The 0.85 kb cDNA of the c subunit of the membrane H+ conducting V0 sector codes for a protein of kDa. This protein has four transmembrane domains and contains a conserved glutamic acid that serves as the binding site for dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Southern analysis using the c subunit as a probe suggests the presence of more than one related gene in the genome of Aedes aegypti. Pileup analysis of various A and c subunits shows that these subunits fall into distinct clusters, including one in which all arthropod proteins are clustered.
Titanic: a VLSI based content addressable parallel array processor (1982)

Bradykinin (10(-8) - 10(-5) M) caused a concentration-dependent increase in cyclic GMP (cGMP) production in bovine tracheal smooth muscle in the absence of epithelium. The effect was calcium-dependent and was inhibited by pyrogallol (10 microM) and methylene blue (10 microM). The inhibition of pyrogallol was reversed by superoxide dismutase (100 U/ml). Nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors, NG-methyl-L-arginine (10-100 microM) and NG-nitro-L-arginine (10-100 microM) reduced cGMP accumulation induced by bradykinin in a concentration-dependent fashion, and the inhibition was reversed by L-arginine. Immunohistochemistry with a specific antibody against neuronal NO synthase from rat cerebellum showed positive staining localized in some nerve fibers. Bradykinin-induced cGMP accumulation appears to be related to the release of NO, part of which is probably synthesized in nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerve in bovine trachea.
Micro‐Patterned Lithium Metal Anodes with Suppressed Dendrite Formation for Post Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2016)

Repressing uncontrolled lithium (Li) dendrite growth is the top priority for enabling the reliable use of Li metal secondary batteries. On the other hand, the technique controlling the metal plating behavior during metal plating indeed has been considered very difficult to achieve. For instance, how can one plate metal ions on the favored selected region during plating? The present study describes how to achieve this goal, i.e., dendrite‐free Li deposition, by mechanical surface modification using a simple stamping technique, where finite‐element method simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics was used to design the micro‐patterns of the stamp. After stamping, the transferred micro‐patterns on Li metal anodes suppress dendrite growth during repeated Li deposition/stripping processes and exhibit improved long‐term cycling stability of Li metal anodes. During the repeated Li plating processes, the pattern holes are filled by the liquid‐like and/or granular forms of Li metal without resulting Li dendrite growth. These holes are then reversibly drained during the Li stripping process, reverting to their original dimension. This study investigated the correlation of this unique Li plating/stripping behavior as a function of the current density.
Palaeogeographical time series maps of the Pleistocene and Holocene lowland landscapes in and around the North Sea. (2017)

Palaeogeographical time series maps provide powerful text figures that narrate the chronological story of landscape change in prehistoric and historic times in a quite accessible way. They inspire and communicate the broad idea of developments quickly, no matter how the maps are produced (essentially by hand, computer aided, model output visual) and are intended (as sketch, as a possible scenario, as the utter truth on past landscape reality). If palaeogeographical maps are produced more formally, are digitally generated from source data and carry information that allows to track back to evidence and interpretive decisions, the map series become even more powerful. It makes the map series direct summaries of geological, geomorphological and archaeological data, that are pre-organized for time-sliced spatial analysis that just simply uses the map, and are equally prepared for validation and improvement of the landscape reconstruction that the series visualises. The formal digital approach is what we pioneered in the Rhine-Meuse delta since 1998, what we have expanded to the Netherlands and surroundings, onshore and offshore since 2011, and of which we will present various results in archaeological usage context at this conference. [[ Abstract of Oral presentation in Session 338: Mapping and modeling past landscapes to aid archeological heritage management and interpretation of the archaeological record ]]
Water- and Oxygen-Induced Decay Kinetics of Photogenerated Electrons in TiO<sub>2</sub> and Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub>:  A Time-Resolved Infrared Absorption Study (2001)

Electrons photogenerated in TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 catalysts were observed by time-resolved IR absorption spectroscopy. Transient IR absorption of an identical spectrum appeared on TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 irradiated by a 355 nm pump pulse. The absorption was attributed to optical transition of photogenerated electrons trapped in shallow midgap states. Electron- and hole-consuming reactions of adsorbates controlled the decay kinetics of the electrons competing with the electron−hole recombination. On TiO2, O2 from the gas-phase captured the electrons and accelerated the decay rate at a delay time of 10−100 μs. In water vapor, holes reacted with surface hydroxyls within 2 μs, and the recombination decay of the electrons was obstructed. When Pt/TiO2 was exposed to water, the oxidation and reduction steps of the water splitting reaction affected the decay kinetics in different time domains. Photogenerated holes oxidized water within 2 μs, whereas electrons reduced water at 10−900 μs.
EGFR-Homing dsRNA Activates Cancer-Targeted Immune Response and Eliminates Disseminated EGFR-Overexpressing Tumors in Mice (2010)

The EGFR-homing vector loaded with polyIC can be used to treat and possibly cure patients with disseminated EGFR-overexpressing tumors. The possibility of adopting this strategy to treat other tumors that express a protein capable of ligand induced internalization is discussed.