gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Query Reformulation using Query History for Passage Retrieval in Conversational Search (2020)

Passage retrieval in a conversational context is essential for many downstream applications; it is however extremely challenging due to limited data resources. To address this problem, we present an effective multi-stage pipeline for passage ranking in conversational search that integrates a widely-used IR system with a conversational query reformulation module. Along these lines, we propose two simple yet effective query reformulation approaches: historical query expansion (HQE) and neural transfer reformulation (NTR). Whereas HQE applies query expansion, a traditional IR query reformulation technique, NTR transfers human knowledge of conversational query understanding to a neural query reformulation model. The proposed HQE method was the top-performing submission of automatic systems in CAsT Track at TREC 2019. Building on this, our NTR approach improves an additional 18% over that best entry in terms of NDCG@3. We further analyze the distinct behaviors of the two approaches, and show that fusing their output reduces the performance gap (measured in NDCG@3) between the manually-rewritten and automatically-generated queries to 4 from 22 points when compared with the best CAsT submission.
Rationalizing α‐helical membrane protein crystallization (2008)

X-ray crystallography is currently the most successful method for determining the three-dimensional structure of membrane proteins. Nevertheless, growing the crystals required for this technique presents one of the major bottlenecks in this area of structural biology. This is especially true for the alpha-helical type membrane proteins that are of particular interest due to their medical relevance. To address this problem we have undertaken a detailed analysis of the crystallization conditions from 121 alpha-helical membrane protein structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank. This information has been analyzed so that the success of different parameters can be easily compared for different membrane protein families. Concurrent with this analysis, we also present the new sparse matrix crystallization screen MemGold.
A Physically‐Based BSDF for Modeling the Appearance of Paper (2014)

Abstract We present a novel appearance model for paper. Based on our appearance measurements for matte and glossy paper, we find that paper exhibits a combination of subsurface scattering, specular reflection, retroreflection, and surface sheen. Classic microfacet and simple diffuse reflection models cannot simulate the double‐sided appearance of a thin layer. Our novel BSDF model matches our measurements for paper and accounts for both reflection and transmission properties. At the core of the BSDF model is a method for converting a multi‐layer subsurface scattering model (BSSRDF) into a BSDF, which allows us to retain physically‐based absorption and scattering parameters obtained from the measurements. We also introduce a method for computing the amount of light available for subsurface scattering due to transmission through a rough dielectric surface. Our final model accounts for multiple scattering, single scattering, and surface reflection and is capable of rendering paper with varying levels of roughness and glossiness on both sides.
CALIBRATION OF CAMERA SYSTEMS (2008)

Multiple camera systems including combinations of vertical and oblique images like used by Pictometry and Multivision are becoming popular very fast. The image combinations easily can be used for interpretation and also for metric purposes. In most cases the orientation is based on direct sensor orientation, using inertial measurement units and relative kinematic GPS-positioning. Usually this will be done not with the precision, possible for standard photogrammetric projects, but the geometric precision can be improved by satisfying system calibration. The system calibration includes the calibration of the sub-cameras and the geometric relation of the oblique sub-cameras to the vertical reference camera together with the boresite misalignment. Supported by the direct sensor orientation, also the inner orientation can be improved. The individual camera geometry can be determined by bundle block adjustment with self calibration. This allows also determination of the relation of the sub-cameras to each other. The procedure, computational steps, results and limitations are described.
LSF and Phase Feature Combination for Join Cost Estimation in a TTS System (2007)

In recent text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis systems, speech is generated by concatenating units that are selected from a large database. Selection of units can be based on two cost measures: join and target. Many methods have been developed for join cost estimation, but they all suffer from neglecting the phase feature. Our new approach for join cost estimation is based on combining the residual phase feature and LSF feature where Discrete All Pole modeling(DAP) has been used for phase and LSF feature extraction. Results of different experimentations show that this method has better performance than conventional methods like MFCC unit selection.
The nature and development of commentary (1961)

The caution with which the broadcaster views editorializing is interesting, when considered in light of the broadcaster's willingness to allow “strangers” (people not associated with station or network ownership) to comment on topics of the day. Today, the commentary is undergoing change in form and personnel, but it remains an important program type. Dr. Smith is Instructor in the Department of Speech at Bowling Green (Ohio) State University.
Valproic Acid, a Molecular Lead to Multiple Regulatory Pathways (2007)

Valproic acid (2-propyl pentanoic acid) is a drug used for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Although very rare, side effects such as spina bifida and other defects of neural tube closure indicate that valproic acid interferes with developmental regulatory pathways. Recently obtained data show that valproic acid affects cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and immunogenicity of cultured cancer cells and tumours. Focused studies uncovered the potential of valproic acid to interfere with multiple regulatory mechanisms including histone deacetylases, GSK3 alpha and beta, Akt, the ERK pathway, the phosphoinositol pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, GABA, and the OXPHOS system. Valproic acid is emerging as a potential anticancer drug and may also serve as a molecular lead that can help design drugs with more specific and more potent effects on the one side and drugs with wide additive but weaker effects on the other. Valproic acid is thus a powerful molecular tool for better understanding and therapeutic targeting of pathways that regulate the behaviour of cancer cells.
Reduction of Phase Ambiguity in an Offset-QPSK Receiver (2004)

Proposed modifications of an offset-quadri-phase-shift keying (offset-QPSK) transmitter and receiver would reduce the amount of signal processing that must be done in the receiver to resolve the QPSK fourfold phase ambiguity. Resolution of the phase ambiguity is necessary in order to synchronize, with the received carrier signal, the signal generated by a local oscillator in a carrier-tracking loop in the receiver. Without resolution of the fourfold phase ambiguity, the loop could lock to any of four possible phase points, only one of which has the proper phase relationship with the carrier. The proposal applies, more specifically, to an offset-QPSK receiver that contains a carrier-tracking loop like that shown in Figure 1. This carrier-tracking loop does not resolve or reduce the phase ambiguity. A carrier-tracking loop of a different design optimized for the reception of offset QPSK could reduce the phase ambiguity from fourfold to twofold, but would be more complex. Alternatively, one could resolve the fourfold phase ambiguity by use of differential coding in the transmitter, at a cost of reduced power efficiency. The proposed modifications would make it possible to reduce the fourfold phase ambiguity to twofold, with no loss in power efficiency and only relatively simple additional signal-processing steps in the transmitter and receiver. The twofold phase ambiguity would then be resolved by use of a unique synchronization word, as is commonly done in binary phase-shift keying (BPSK). Although the mathematical and signal-processing principles underlying the modifications are too complex to explain in detail here, the modifications themselves would be relatively simple and are best described with the help of simple block diagrams (see Figure 2). In the transmitter, one would add a unit that would periodically invert bits going into the QPSK modulator; in the receiver, one would add a unit that would effect different but corresponding inversions of bits coming out of the QPSK demodulator. The net effect of all the inversions would be that depending on which lock point the carrier-tracking loop had selected, all the output bits would be either inverted or non-inverted together; hence, the ambiguity would be reduced from fourfold to twofold, as desired.
Full-term development of enucleated mouse oocytes fused with embryonic stem cells from different cell lines (2001)

The developmental potential of enucleated mouse oocytes receiving embryonic stem cells from ten lines with either the same or different genetic backgrounds using the cell fusion method was examined in vitro and in vivo. The development of nuclear-transferred oocytes into blastocysts was high (34-88%). However, there was no clear correlation between development into blastocysts after nuclear transfer and the chimaera formation rate of embryonic stem cells. The development into live young was low (1-3%) in all cell lines and 14 of 19 young died shortly after birth. Most of the live young had morphological abnormalities. Of the five remaining mice, two died at days 23 and 30 after birth, but the other three mice are still active at days 359 (mouse 1) and 338 (mice 4 and 5) after birth, with normal fertility. However, the reasons for the abnormalities and postnatal death of embryonic stem cell-derived mice are unknown.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Promotes Formation of Endothelial Microparticles With Procoagulant Potential (2002)

The data disclose a novel effect of PAI-1 to dose-dependently promote formation of endothelial microparticles with the reduced transmembrane asymmetry of phospholipids. This phenomenon may be responsible for the observed increase in in vitro thrombin generation. These findings could potentially link these hallmarks of endothelial dysfunction-elevated levels of PAI-1 and propensity toward thrombosis.
High-resolution scanning electron microscopy of human metaphase chromosomes (1982)

Human metaphase chromosomes, prepared for light microscopy were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Use of an osmium impregnation technique eliminated the need for sputter-coating and allowed high-resolution visualization of uncoated specimens. Chromosomes were of three-dimensional cylindrical profile, with well-defined chromatids and centromeres. Prior to Giemsa-banding a smooth surface morphology was observed. Relaxation of chromosome integrity by Giemsa-banding pretreatment allowed resolution of several orders of chromosome structure not previously demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. The observed organization of the chromatin fibres allowed parallels to be drawn with the radial loop model of chromosome construction as described by Marsden and Laemmli.
The cell cycle in breast cancer (1997)

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease regarding morphology, invasive behavior, metastatic capacity, hormone receptor expression and clinical outcome. For prediction of prognosis, tumor cell kinetics is an important feature, traditionally evaluated by estimation of cell growth-associated parameters such as mitotic index, S-phase fraction and expression of proliferation coupled proteins, for example proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 antigen. Recent data indicate that deregulation of the cell cycle can occur at different levels in cancer and that the "deregulation pattern" can be of clinical significance. In the present overview we give a short description of approaches used for cell proliferation assessments, whereafter more recent data on cell cycle deregulation are discussed. Alterations of importance in breast cancer include overexpression of cyclins D1 and E, down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, such as p16, and inactivation of the retinoblastoma and p53 tumor suppressor proteins.
Noise reduction of pHEMTs with plasmaless SiN passivation by catalytic CVD (2002)

We improved the catalytic (cat-) CVD technique for damage free passivation on compound semiconductors. The cat-CVD SiN passivation successfully reduces the noise figure of X-band pHEMTs because Rs and Cgs are reduced due to low deposition damage.
Controle de esterilidade de soluções parenterais de grande volume utilizadas na rede hospitalar da cidade de São Paulo (1994)

This surveillance intend to show up the conditions of sterility fromcomercially prepared great volume parenteral solutions used in hospitais to keep and restorethe volume and composition of the body fluids to normal. An amount of 582 samplesmanufactured at industries and at hospital pharmacies were analise from 1989 to 1993. Theresults had shown 9,62% of the total samples didn't meet the requirements of sterility andwithin the same batch different samples gave different results concerning sterility.
Mitral valve prolapse and aortic dilatation in the fragile X syndrome (1984)

Four patients with the fragile X syndrome including 3 males and one woman, were evaluated for cardiological abnormalities. One patient had an obvious murmur. All 4 were shown to have mitral valve prolapse by echocardiography. Two male patients also demonstrated mild dilatation of the ascending aorta. We recommend thorough cardiological evaluations of all fragile X patients.
Germination and Growth Inhibitory Sesquiterpenes from Iva axillaris Seeds (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGermination and Growth Inhibitory Sesquiterpenes from Iva axillaris SeedsGayland F. Spencer, Rebecca B. Wolf, and David WeislederCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1984, 47, 4, 730–732Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50034a032https://doi.org/10.1021/np50034a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polychloroprene Rubber (1976)

Abstract Polychloroprene, or neoprene, has been commercially available since 1932. Through the years the use of these polymers has continued to increase to an annual worldwide consumption of almost 300 000 metric tons (660 million pounds, Table I). This represents about 5% of the world market for elastomer. Polychloroprene must, therefore, be regarded as one of the more important specialty elastomers. The polymer has enjoyed this growth because it has filled much of the need for an oxidation-resistant, oil-resistant, and heat-resistant elastomer. It is the purpose of this paper to summarize the technical knowledge of the preparation and use of polychloroprene. In preparing this paper, we have made extensive use of prior review publications. We have attempted to organize the topics in a logical sequence and have updated the information to 1975. Our objective has been to describe the major lines of technical effort. Our reference list is therefore not necessarily an exhaustive one.
A microchannel concentrator controlled by integral thermoresponsive valves (2007)

A strategy for fabricating a microchannel concentrator having a new type of thermoresponsive valves for the fluid flow switching is described. The function of the valves is based on an actuating flap structure, where the flap is composed of a double-layered sheet, a thermoresponsive hydrogel layer and an acrylic resin layer. Responding to the water swelling/deswelling behavior of the hydrogel layer, the flap bidirectionally bends within several seconds. Likewise, in association with a special valve-sealing concept, two valves showing opposite working (open/close) states were successfully created in a microchip. Consequently, when a microchannel filled with silica gel particles was prepared with two outlet branches having the opposite-working valves, a four-fold enrichment of an analyte was achieved by the single operation of the present concentrator system.
On the RF frequency dependence of the scattered spectral energy produced by intermittent contacts among elements of a target (1978)

A discussion of the factors that affect the RF frequency dependence of the spectral energy scattered by a target loaded at a single port by a time-varying impedance is presented. This frequency dependence is illustrated theoretically and experimentally for a centrally loaded dipole undergoing square-wave modulation by a reed switch.
High Temperature Fuel Cell with Ceria‐Yttria Solid Electrolyte (1988)

The solid electrolyte of the system exhibited high ionic conductivity, as well as almost unity ionic transference number at 600°–1000°C. High current density and electrical power can be obtained from a fuel cell at 600°–800°C. was an excellent cathode as compared with Pt electrode. A thin film of stabilized zirconia coated by RF‐sputtering is effective in protecting the anodic surface of ceria‐yttria electrolyte from reduction with hydrogen. The open‐circuit voltage of the fuel cell approached the theoretical value with this coating treatment.
Service-Oriented Architecture for Privacy-Preserving Data Mashup (2009)

Mashup is a Web technology that combines information from more than one source into a single Web application.This technique provides a new platform for different data providers to flexibly integrate their expertise and deliver highly customizable services to their customers. None the-less, combining data from different sources could potentially reveal person-specific sensitive information. In this paper, we study and resolve a real-life privacy problem in a data mashup application for the financial industry in Sweden. Therefore we propose a service-oriented architecture for privacy-preserving data mashup together with a multi-party protocol to securely integrate private data from different data providers, whereas the integrated data still retains the essential information for supporting general data exploration or a specific data mining task, such as classification analysis. Experiments on real-life data suggest that our proposed method is effective for simultaneously preserving both privacy and information usefulness.
Effect of partial PEGylation on particle uptake by macrophages (2016)

Controlling the internalization of synthetic particles by immune cells remains a grand challenge for developing successful drug carrier systems. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is frequently used as a protective coating on particles to evade immune clearance, but it also hinders the interactions of particles with their intended target cells. In this study, we investigate a spatial decoupling strategy, in which PEGs are coated on only one hemisphere of particles, so that the other hemisphere is available for functionalization of cell-targeting ligands without the hindrance effect from the PEGs. The partial coating of PEGs is realized by creating two-faced Janus particles with different surface chemistries on opposite sides. We show that a half-coating of PEGs reduces the macrophage uptake of particles as effectively as a complete coating. Owing to the surface asymmetry, Janus particles that are internalized enter macrophage cells via a combination of ligand-guided phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. By spatially segregating PEGs and ligands for targeting T cells on Janus particles, we demonstrate that the Janus particles bind T cells uni-directionally from the ligand-coated side, bypassing the hindrance from the PEGs on the other hemisphere. The results reveal a new mechanistic understanding on how a spatial coating of PEGs on particles changes the phagocytosis of particles. This study also suggests a new design principle for therapeutic particles - the spatial decoupling of PEGs and cell-targeting moieties reduces the interference between the two functions while attaining the protective effect of PEGs for macrophage evasion.
Ferroelectric Control of the Conduction at the LaAlO<sub>3</sub>/SrTiO<sub>3</sub> Heterointerface (2013)

Modulation of band bending at a complex oxide heterointerface by a ferroelectric layer is demonstrated. The as-grown polarization (Pup ) leads to charge depletion and consequently low conduction. Switching the polarization direction (Pdown ) results in charge accumulation and enhances the conduction at the interface. The metal-insulator transition at a conducting polar/nonpolar oxide heterointerface can be controlled by ferroelectric doping.
The chitinase PfCHT1 from the human malaria parasite <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> lacks proenzyme and chitin-binding domains and displays unique substrate preferences (1999)

Within hours after the ingestion of a blood meal, the mosquito midgut epithelium synthesizes a chitinous sac, the peritrophic matrix. Plasmodium ookinetes traverse the peritrophic matrix while escaping the mosquito midgut. Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) are critical for parasite invasion of the midgut: the presence of the chitinase inhibitor, allosamidin, in an infectious blood meal prevents oocyst development. A chitinase gene, PgCHT1, recently has been identified in the avian malaria parasite P. gallinaceum. We used the sequence of PgCHT1 to identify a P. falciparum chitinase gene, PfCHT1, in the P. falciparum genome database. PfCHT1 differs from PgCHT1 in that the P. falciparum gene lacks proenzyme and chitin-binding domains. PfCHT1 was expressed as an active recombinant enzyme in Escherichia coli. PfCHT1 shares with PgCHT1 a substrate preference unique to Plasmodium chitinases: the enzymes cleave tri- and tetramers of GlcNAc from penta- and hexameric oligomers and are unable to cleave smaller native chitin oligosaccharides. The pH activity profile of PfCHT1 and its IC(50) (40 nM) to allosamidin are distinct from endochitinase activities secreted by P. gallinaceum ookinetes. Homology modeling predicts that PgCHT1 has a novel pocket in the catalytic active site that PfCHT1 lacks, which may explain the differential sensitivity of PfCHT1 and PgCHT1 to allosamidin. PfCHT1 may be the ortholog of a second, as yet unidentified, chitinase gene of P. gallinaceum. These results may allow us to develop novel strategies of blocking human malaria transmission based on interfering with P. falciparum chitinase.
A Case Report of Unresectable Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Responsive to Pembrolizumab, a Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Inhibitor (2015)

At 1-month follow-up, the skin lesions had partially resolved, and resolution was greater by 2 months (Figure