gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase transition in ionic gels induced by copper complexation (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase transition in ionic gels induced by copper complexationJ. Ricka and T. TanakaCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 1, 83–85Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00143a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00143a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Imaging spectroscopy with digital micromirrors (2000)

The availability of optical MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) is promising to revolutionize optical instrument design. We are developing a multiobject imaging spectrometer based on a commercially available optical MEMS--the Texas Instrument's Digital Micromirror Device (DMD)<SUP>TM</SUP>. The micromirror array is laced at an image plane of an optical system, and is used as a spatial light modulator to redirect portions of the image into the spectrograph. The programmability of the micromirror array allows the creation of arbitrary `slit' patterns as input to the spectrograph. In addition, by controlling the dwell time of each micromirror individually, it is possible to adaptively extend the dynamic range of the spectral imaging system.
Chromaticity based smoke removal in endoscopic images (2017)

In minimally invasive surgery, image quality is a critical pre-requisite to ensure a surgeons ability to perform a procedure. In endoscopic procedures, image quality can deteriorate for a number of reasons such as fogging due to the temperature gradient after intra-corporeal insertion, lack of focus and due to smoke generated when using electro-cautery to dissect tissues without bleeding. In this paper we investigate the use of vision processing techniques to remove surgical smoke and improve the clarity of the image. We model the image formation process by introducing a haze medium to account for the degradation of visibility. For simplicity and computational efficiency we use an adapted dark-channel prior method combined with histogram equalization to remove smoke artifacts to recover the radiance image and enhance the contrast and brightness of the final result. Our initial results on images from robotic assisted procedures are promising and show that the proposed approach may be used to enhance image quality during surgery without additional suction devices. In addition, the processing pipeline may be used as an important part of a robust surgical vision pipeline that can continue working in the presence of smoke.
A Zirconocene-Coupling Route to Substituted Poly(<i>p</i>-phenylenedienylene)s:  Band Gap Tuning via Conformational Control (1998)

A series of substituted poly(p-phenylenediyne)s (1a−f) was synthesized by the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling condensation of terminal dialkynylalkanes with substituted diiodobenzenes. Polymerizations were conducted with 1,4-diiodo-5-hexoxy-2-methoxybenzene or 1,4-diiodo-5-hexyl-2-methylbenzene and with 1,6-hexadiyne, 1,7-heptadiyne, or 1,8-octadiyne. Thus, six different poly(p-phenylenediyne)s (1a−f, [ArC⋮C(CH2)nC⋮C]m; Ar = 5-hexoxy-2-methoxyphenylene or 5-hexyl-2-methylphenylene, and n = 2, 3, or 4) were obtained. Intramolecular zirconocene couplings of 1a−f afforded zirconacyclopentadiene-containing polymers 2a−f. These metal-containing polymers were then cleanly hydrolyzed to the substituted poly(p-phenylenedieneylene)s = 5-hexoxy-2-methoxyphenylene or 5-hexyl-2-methylphenylene, and n = 2, 3, or 4). Variation of the polymer structure allows for manipulation of the absorption and emission maxima over the ranges of 316−524 nm and 437−619 nm, respectively. The optical properties of model compounds = phenyl or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl, and n = 2, 3, or 4) are very similar to those for polymers 3a−f. The structures of 9c (Ar = 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl, n = 2) and 9d (Ar = phenyl, n = 4) were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Molecules of 9c are almost completely planar, while molecules of 9d are twisted and have poor π-orbital overlap. The conformation of the diene unit in polymers 3a−f and the model compounds 9a−f are largely responsible for the observed variations in optical properties. Finer tuning of the optical properties for poly(p-phenylenedienylene)s may be achieved via synthesis of copolymers from mixtures of 1,6-heptadiyne and 1,7-octadiyne. The optical properties of the resulting copolymers represent weighted averages for the corresponding homopolymers. Investigation of the photophysical properties of polymers retaining some of the diyne units suggest that defects play a major role in defining the emissive properties of the poly(p-phenylenedienylene)s described here.
A 38,000-dalton membrane protein (p38) present in synaptic vesicles. (1985)

A protein with an apparent molecular mass of 38,000 daltons designated p38 was found in synaptic vesicles from rat brain. The subcellular distribution of p38 and some of its properties were determined with the aid of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. The subcellular distribution of p38 was similar to that of synapsin I, a synaptic-vesicle specific phosphoprotein. p38 in the synaptic vesicle fraction purified by controlled-pore glass bead chromatography showed an enrichment of more than 20-fold over the crude homogenate. Immunostaining of sections through various brain regions revealed an intense labeling of most, and possibly all, nerve terminals. Only faint reaction in the region of the Golgi apparatus and no detectable labeling of axons and dendrites was observed. Two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed that p38 has an acidic pI. Solubilization experiments, as well as phase separation experiments using Triton X-114, indicated that p38 is an integral membrane protein. Binding of antibodies to intact synaptic vesicles, as well as controlled proteolytic digestion of intact and detergent-treated vesicles, revealed that p38 has a domain exposed on the cytoplasmic surface.
Platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF)-induced Ca2+ Signaling in the CG4 Oligodendroglial Cell Line and in Transformed Oligodendrocytes Expressing the β-PDGF Receptor (1997)

Ca2+ signaling induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was investigated in the oligodendroglial cell lines CG4 and CEINGE clone 3, using fura-2 microfluorimetry and video imaging. CEINGE cl3 cells, immortalized with polyoma middle T antigen, were found to uniformly express the polyoma middle T antigen protein as well as 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, a specific marker for oligodendroglia. PDGF-BB induced both oscillatory and non-oscillatory Ca2+ responses in CEINGE cl3 cells as well as in CG4 cells, grown either as O-2A progenitors or differentiated oligodendrocytes. However, in CG4 cells the percentage of oscillatory Ca2+ responses was higher than that observed in CEINGE cl3 cells. In contrast, oscillatory Ca2+ responses were not observed in PC-12 cells transfected with beta-PDGF receptor (PDGFR) or in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. CG4 cells expressed only the alpha-PDGFR, whereas CEINGE cl3 cells expressed both alpha and beta isoforms. When CEINGE cl3 cells were exposed to PDGF-AA, which binds only to the alpha-PDGFR, the percentage of oscillatory Ca2+ responses was higher than that observed after PDGF-BB stimulation. We previously reported that block of the enzyme sphingosine kinase, and a consequent increase in intracellular sphingosine levels in CEINGE cl3 cells caused an increase in the percentage of oscillatory Ca2+ responses induced by PDGF-BB. However, in CG4 cells block of sphingosine kinase did not increase the oscillatory Ca2+ response elicited by PDGF-BB, although the addition of exogenous sphingosine induced an oscillatory Ca2+ response in 77% of cells studied. We hypothesize that the alpha-PDGFR is less effective than the beta-PDGFR in stimulating the activity of sphingosine kinase. The results also suggest that alpha- and beta-PDGFRs may differently regulate sphingolipid metabolism.
A comparison of different filters for white cell reduction. (1998)

Removal of white blood cells (WBCs) from blood components before transfusion by filters with at least 3 log10 depletion may prevent or delay leukocyte-associated transfusion reactions such as HLA alloimmunization, non-hemolytic febrile reactions, transmitted infections (e.g., CMV, HTLV-1), and immunomodulation. The aim of this study was to compare the leukocyte removal efficiency (LRE) of six commercial bedside filters that are said to achieve 3 log10 (Bio R-01), Leucostop 4LT-1, Pall RC 50) and 4 log10 (Bio R-01 Plus, Pall RC 400, Pall RC XL-1) WBC depletion. A total of 430 units of whole blood ranging from 32 to 92 for each filter type were analyzed by an automated counter before and after filtration. Postfiltration blood samples were also evaluated for WBCs by Nageotte chamber. All the filters demonstrated leukocyte removal about 1 log10 less than the manufacturer's claim. The fourth generation filters showed a better performance than the third generation filters. Of them, Pall RC XL-1 showed the best efficacy with 99.93 percent leukocyte removal and a median residual WBCs of 1.6 x 10(6) per unit. These results indicate that the fourth generation filters, which are designed for the filtration of packed red cells, in particular Pall RC XL-1, are also able to reduce WBCs from whole blood below the critical antigenic leukocyte load (5 x 10(6)), and can be efficiently used for polytransfused patients to prevent alloimmunization.
Only VpreB1, but not VpreB2, is expressed at levels which allow normal development of B cells (2005)

The surrogate light chain (SLC) consists of the polypeptides lambda5 and, in the mouse, either VpreB1 or VpreB2. SLC associates with BILL-Cadherin and other glycoproteins to form the pro-B cell receptor (pro-BCR) at the pre-BI cell stage, and with the immunoglobulin mu heavy chain to form the pre-BCR at the pre-BII cell stage. The function of the pro-BCR, if any, is unknown, whereas the pre-BCR is crucial for proliferative expansion of pre-BII cells. To shed light on the functional properties of VpreB1 and VpreB2 in vivo, mice with either one or two VpreB1, or one or two VpreB2, alleles have been investigated. We show that B cell development in mice with two VpreB1 alleles is indistinguishable from that of normal mice. In contrast, mice with two VpreB2 alleles show an approximately 1.6-fold increase in pre-BI and a 35% decrease in pre-BII cell numbers, while mice with only one VpreB2 allele show a reduction in B cell development manifested in a 2-fold enrichment in pre-BI cells and a 75% reduction in pre-BII cells. However, such a gene dosage effect is not observed for VpreB1. Our results suggest that the difference between VpreB1- and VpreB2-deficient mice is due to lower VpreB2 protein expression, thus limiting the formation of pre-BCRs and thereby the number of large, cycling pre-BII cells.
Circulating microRNA signature for the diagnosis of very high-risk prostate cancer (2016)

We report the identification of a molecular signature using the Scano-miR profiling platform based on the differential expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNA, miR) in serum samples specific to patients with very high-risk (VHR) prostate cancer (PCa). Five miRNA PCa biomarkers (miR-200c, miR-605, miR-135a*, miR-433, and miR-106a) were identified as useful for differentiating indolent and aggressive forms of PCa. All patients with VHR PCa in the study had elevated serum levels of miR-200c. Circulating miR-433, which was differentially expressed in patients with VHR versus low-risk (LR) forms of PCa, was not detectable by quantitative real-time PCR in samples from healthy volunteers. In blind studies, the five miRNA PCa biomarkers were able to differentiate patients with VHR PCas from those with LR forms as well as healthy individuals with at least 89% accuracy. Biological pathway analysis showed the predictive capability of these miRNA biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of VHR aggressive PCa.
Continuous speech recognition with modified learning vector quantization algorithm and two-level DP-matching (1992)

The authors propose a phoneme recognition method based on the learning vector quantization (LVQ2) algorithm. They propose three kinds of modified training algorithms for the LVQ2 algorithm. In the recognition stage, the likelihood matrix is computed using the reference vectors and then the optimum phoneme sequence is computed from the matrix using the two-level dynamic programming (DP)-matching with duration constraints. The recognition score of phonemes in isolated spoken words was 89.1% for the test set. The phoneme recognition scores obtained by the modified LVQ2 algorithm were higher than those obtained by the original LVQ2 algorithm. The authors applied this method to a multi-speaker-dependent phoneme recognition task for continuous speech uttered Bunsetsu-by-Bunsetsu. The phoneme recognition score was 85.5% for the test speech samples in continuous speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spectrometer-based refractive index and dispersion measurement using low-coherence interferometry with confocal scanning (2018)

This paper describes a technique for measuring refractive index and thickness of transparent plates using a fibre-optic low-coherence interferometer. The interferometer is used to independently measure quantities related to the phase and group refractive indices, n<sub>p</sub> and n<sub>g</sub>, of the material under investigation. Additionally, the dispersion of the phase index dependent quantity is measured by taking advantage of the range of wavelengths available from a broadband source. These three quantities are related to simultaneously yield n<sub>p</sub> and n<sub>g</sub> as well as the geometrical thickness t of the sample. Measurements are presented for a range of transparent materials including measurements of the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices of a birefringent sapphire window. The mean percentage errors across all the samples tested were 0.09% for n<sub>p</sub>, 0.08% for n<sub>p</sub>, and 0.11% for t.
Portable robot for autonomous venipuncture using 3D near infrared image guidance (2013)

Venipuncture is pivotal to a wide range of clinical interventions and is consequently the leading cause of medical injury in the U.S. Complications associated with venipuncture are exacerbated in difficult settings, where the rate of success depends heavily on the patient's physiology and the practitioner's experience. In this paper, we describe a device that improves the accuracy and safety of the procedure by autonomously establishing a peripheral line for blood draws and IV's. The device combines a near-infrared imaging system, computer vision software, and a robotically driven needle within a portable shell. The device operates by imaging and mapping in real-time the 3D spatial coordinates of subcutaneous veins in order to direct the needle into a designated vein. We demonstrate proof of concept by assessing imaging performance in humans and cannulation accuracy on an advanced phlebotomy training model.
Ray tracing model for mobile systems in a forested environment (2002)

A simple ray tracing model for a mobile station received field intensity in a forested environment is proposed. To validate the model a propagation measurement campaign was carried out where a mobile laboratory was driven through a route surrounded by forest. The results of this measurement campaign are compared with the proposed model to shown how well the model can predict the field intensity behavior. Results of field depolarization are also reported.
Vacuum Manifold for Rapid Assay of Enzymes Using Radioactive Tracers and Ion Exchange Chromatography (1971)

A vacuum manifold apparatus is described which allows rapid ion exchange chromatography of multiple samples. The apparatus is especially applicable to the assay of enzymes by radioisotopic tracer methods.
Electrochemistry and Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of BODIPY Dyes (2012)

BODIPY (boron dipyrromethene) dyes are unique materials with spectroscopic and electrochemical properties comparable to those of aromatic hydrocarbons. Electrochemical studies are useful in understanding the redox properties of these materials and finding structure-stability relations for the radical ions; along with spectroscopy, these studies help researchers design novel compounds with desired properties. This Account represents our attempt at a full description of the electrochemical and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) properties of the BODIPY dyes. When the dyes are completely substituted with alkyl or other groups, the radical ions of BODIPY dyes are highly stable. But if they include unsubstituted positions, the radical ions can undergo dimerization or other reactions. BODIPY dyes also show unusually large separations, ~1.0 V, between the first and second cyclic voltammetric (CV) waves for both oxidation and reduction half-reactions. Alkyl-substituted BODIPY dyes show good photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiencies, and radical ion electron transfer annihilation in these molecules produces electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL), the intensity of which depends on the structure of the dye. The large separation between waves and the presence of strong ECL signals are both important in the design of stable ECL-based materials. The ECL spectra provide a fast method of monitoring the electrochemical formation of dimers and aggregates from the monomers. BODIPY dyes are particularly good systems for studying stepwise electron transfer in their chemically synthesized oligomers and polymers because of the small separation between the first oxidation and first reduction waves, generally about 2.0-2.4 V, and their relative ease of reduction compared with many other aromatic compounds. The larger separation between consecutive waves for oxidation compared with reduction is noticeable for all BODIPY dimers and trimers. We also observe a more difficult addition or extraction of a third electron compared with the second for the trimers, signaling the importance of electrostatic interactions. In general, BODIPY dyes combine interesting electrochemical and spectroscopic properties that suggest useful analytical applications.
Soft-X-Ray Microscopes (1985)

Biologists have long dreamed of a microscope capable of imaging specimens in their natural state, at molecular or near-molecular resolution. Physicists have for some years known that the soft-x-ray photon has properties that suit it for use as a probe in such microscopy. With the advent of synchrotron radiation sources, and with other technical advances, the difficulties that impeded the development of soft-x-ray microscopy have begun to give way, and in 1983 the technique produced the first images ever obtained of a living cell at a near-molecular resolution of 75 Å.
Cycle-based symbolic simulation of gate-level synchronous circuits (1999)

Symbolic methods are often considered the state-of-the-art technique for validating digital circuits. Due to their complexity and unpredictable run-time behavior, however, their potential is currently limited to small-to-medium circuits. Logic simulation privileges capacity, it is nicely scalable, flexible, and it has a predictable run-time behavior. For this reason, it is the common choice for validating large circuits. Simulation, however, typically visits only a small fraction of the state space: The discovery of bugs heavily relies on the expertise of the designer of the test stimuli.
Interfacial polycondensation. II. Fundamentals of polymer formation at liquid interfaces (1996)

If a solution of a fast-reacting diacid halide in a water-immiscible solvent is brought together with an aqueous solution of a diamine without stirring, a thin film of high polymer is formed at once at the interface. Polyurethanes and polyamides in. particular form tough films which can be grasped and pulled continuously from the interface as a folded rope of film. The unstirred interfacial polycondensation not only provides a dramatic demonstration of polymer formation but has permitted the observation of polymerization behavior and the study of the effects of many variables upon the process. The polymer-forming reactions proceed by nucleophilic displacement, and many have rate constants of at least 102–101 l. mole-1 sec.-1. Polymers derived from diamines were found to form in the organic solvent phase. Therefore the rate of polymer formation is controlled by the transfer of diamine from the aqueous phase. It is believed that the liquid interface does not have any beneficial orienting effect on the reactants but that it provides for the regulated flow of one reactant into an excess of the other. Furthermore, the aqueous phase provides for the removal of the interfering byproduct, hydrogen halide, from the polymerization site. Some of the interrelated variables which have been studied and which are discussed in relation to the physical mechanism are the solvent sensitivity of the polymer, partition coefficients of the reactants, reactant concentration, duration of the polymerization, and the addition of the monofunctional reactants, detergents, and salts. The formation of polyphenyl esters is discussed briefly.
The color correction of printer for computer graphics (1988)

In thermal sublimation dye transfer full-color printers, the three primary color dyes include impure components, which becomes an obstacle in reproducing natural colors. Brightness-controlled color masking (BCCM) is presented as a method for color-correcting highly saturated colors that cannot be corrected by conventional color masking. CCM is based on the result of experiments showing that brightness of colors is more important than saturation. The principle of BCCM is to get the same brightness in actual printed dyes as in ideal dyes. A read-only-memory (ROM) chip set that calculates the color-correction-equation values used in the BCCM method is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>