gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal mirrors with excellent figure and roughness (2008)

An outstanding technique in point of ultra-precision as well as economical production of mirrors is Single Point Diamond Turning (SPDT). The unique properties of the diamonds are used to get optical surfaces with roughness values down to 5 nm rms (root mean square) and very precise form accuracy down to 70 nm rms and 500 nm p.-v. (peak to valley) value over an area of 200 mm x 200 mm. This quality level is typical for applications in the Near Infrared (NIR) and Infrared (IR) range. For applications in the VIS and UV range the turning structures must be removed with a smoothing procedure in order to minimize the scatter losses. Favorable is an aluminium base body plated with a thick-film of Nickel-Phosphorus alloy (NiP). This alloy can be polished with computer assistance. Ion Beam Figuring (IBF) is the final manufacturing step. The properties after the finishing process are better than 1 nm rms for roughness and down to 15 nm rms respectively 100 nm p.-v. regarding the surface irregularity for complex optical shapes. The techniques SPDT, polishing and IBF ensures a high quality level for large mirrors with plan, spherical or aspherical surfaces. The manufacturing chain will be analyzed by surface characterisation based on 2D profilometry and white light interferometry to measure the roughness and 3D-profilometry and interferometry to monitor the shape irregularity. Scattering light analysis deepens these investigations. This paper summarizes technologies and measurement results for SPDT and surface finish of metal mirrors for novel optical applications.
Dammarane-Type Triterpene Glycosides from the Leaves of Rhoiptelea chiliantha. (1999)

In the course of our continuing studies on the chemical constituents of Rhoipteleaceae from the chemotaxonomical point of view, twelve dammarane-type triterpene glycosides, chilianosides A-L, were isolated from the leaves of Rhoiptelea chiliantha DIELS et Hand.-MAZZ. (Rhoipteleaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. Chilianosides B-G possess hydroperoxyl groups in the molecules, whereas chilianosides H-L are the hydroxyl analogues of chilianosides B-G. All of the chilianosides have 20-R configurations.
Research on heterocyclic compounds. X.-Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives: synthesis and antiinflammatory activity. (1981)

Since we had previously observed the considerable anti-inflammatory activity of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine 2-acetic acid, we prepared a series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives, bearing some substituents on the pyrazine ring and a carboxylic, acetic or alpha-methylacetic moiety on the imidazole ring. These new compounds were tested for antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activities.
Modified Milk Fat and Its Applications in Food Products (2018)

Natural fats have complex composition as they are composed of several fatty acids present primarily as triacylglycerols, which give fat highly diverse functional and nutritional properties. This complexity of fat provides opportunities for modifying themselves for different applications. The negative nutritional and physical image of the fat, especially certain saturated long chain fatty acids, trans-fats, cholesterol as well as poor spreadability and oxidative susceptibility has driven the development of technologies to produce modified fat with different physicochemical or nutritional properties. Modified fats have wide area of application. They can substitute the conventional costlier fats and can also be used in functional foods, as nutraceuticals. Moreover, one can use different fractions derived from single source of fat for different applications. Therefore, modification of fat can be considered as a tool which enhances the functionality and nutritional value of natural fats and broaden their area of application. Keywords: Triacylglycerols, trans-fats, spreadability, nutritional properties, nutraceuticals
VDAC1: from structure to cancer therapy (2012)

Here, we review current evidence pointing to the function of VDAC1 in cell life and death, and highlight these functions in relation to cancer. Found at the outer mitochondrial membrane, VDAC1 assumes a crucial position in the cell, controlling the metabolic cross-talk between mitochondria and the rest of the cell. Moreover, its location at the boundary between the mitochondria and the cytosol enables VDAC1 to interact with proteins that mediate and regulate the integration of mitochondrial functions with other cellular activities. As a metabolite transporter, VDAC1 contributes to the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells. This is reflected by VDAC1 over-expression in many cancer types, and by inhibition of tumor development upon silencing VDAC1 expression. Along with regulating cellular energy production and metabolism, VDAC1 is also a key protein in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, participating in the release of apoptotic proteins and interacting with anti-apoptotic proteins. The involvement of VDAC1 in the release of apoptotic proteins located in the inter-membranal space is discussed, as is VDAC1 oligomerization as an important step in apoptosis induction. VDAC also serves as an anchor point for mitochondria-interacting proteins, some of which are also highly expressed in many cancers, such as hexokinase (HK), Bcl2, and Bcl-xL. By binding to VDAC, HK provides both metabolic benefit and apoptosis-suppressive capacity that offers the cell a proliferative advantage and increases its resistance to chemotherapy. VDAC1-based peptides that bind specifically to HK, Bcl2, or Bcl-xL abolished the cell's abilities to bypass the apoptotic pathway. Moreover, these peptides promote cell death in a panel of genetically characterized cell lines derived from different human cancers. These and other functions point to VDAC1 as a rational target for the development of a new generation of therapeutics.
Laser remote sensing of atmospheric ammonia using a CO_2 lidar system (1985)

A CO2 differential-absorption lidar system has been used for the remote sensing of ammonia in the atmosphere. For CO2 lidar returns backscattered from topographic targets at ranges up to 2.7 km, the path-averaged sensitivity of the DIAL system was 5 ppb of NH3 . Concentrations of atmospheric ammonia were found to vary during the day from undetectable levels (<5 ppb) to as high as 20 ppb, depending on temperature and humidity conditions.
Reducing Liver Cancer--Global Control of Aflatoxin (1999)

Regulation of food safety at the international level poses challenges over and above those occurring within domestic borders. The recent use of a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) by the Codex Alimentarius, an organ of the World Health Organization, in the consideration of the risk posed by aflatoxin contamination of foods represents the first time that such an approach has been used at an international level. The political and health implications of the study relative to the implications of increased use of hepatitis vaccines are discussed.
Knowledge Systems and Prolog: A Logical Approach to Expert Systems and Natural Language Processing (1987)

This book is about knowledge systems and Prolog. By 'knowledge systems' the authors mean expert systems, natural language understanding systems, and the combination of the two. According to the authors, the book caters to several groups of readers, viz. those who are interested in knowledge systems, those wishing to familiarize themselves with Prolog programming, and those who are already Prolog programmers but would like to take a more in-depth look at this language. Different chapter sequences are recommended for each group. The introduction to Prolog naturally invites comparisons with more introductory texts, e.g., Clocksin and Mellish, 1981. The book under review covers many of the basic topics, sometimes somewhat more in-depth than Clocksin and Mellish. Especially for those who wish to have a self-contained work on Prolog and its major applications, this comprehensiveness may be an advantage, although many of those curious about knowledge systems and the use of logicbased database query techniques are likely to be familiar with at least the basis of Prolog already. I will leave the knowledge system applications undiscussed here, and concentrate for a moment on the natural language understanding part. The book's main topic as far as natural language processing is concerned is the querying of structured databases in English. Two comments are in order here. In the first place, the book has a flavor of definiteness about results in natural language processing that is not wholly appropriate. As anyone who has worked in the field, particularly those who have worked on large grammars for computers, will know, natural language is notoriously hard to process completely. In the second place, even assuming that every possible query in English is translatable into some logical language according to a wholly formal process, there is still no answer to problems of linguistic performance. That is, language use allows for an almost unlimited variety in paraphrasing statements and questions, and writing a grammar for all these possible paraphrases would most likely lead to the
Security, privacy, and accountability in wireless access networks (2009)

The presence of ubiquitous connectivity provided by wireless communications and mobile computing has changed the way humans interact with information. At the same time, it has made communication security and privacy a hot-button issue. In this article we address the security and privacy concerns in wireless access networks. We first discuss the general cryptographic means to design privacy-preserving security protocols, where the dilemma of attaining both security and privacy goals, especially user accountability vs. user privacy, is highlighted. We then present a novel authentication framework that integrates a new key management scheme based on the principle of separation of powers and an adapted construction of Boneh and Shacham's group signature scheme, as an enhanced resort to simultaneously achieve security, privacy, and accountability in wireless access networks.
A method for determining the location of internal partial discharges in dielectrics (1974)

The site of a partial discharge within a dielectric can be determined by the use of localized fields. An example is given of the technique using a new graphic corona display method.
28.1: <i>Invited Paper:</i> Transfer Mechanism in Surface Free Technology by Laser Annealing / Ablation (SUFTLA®) (2003)

Abstract We have developed a new technology named SUFTLA® (surface free technology by laser annealing / ablation), which enables the transfer of thin film devices from an original substrate to another substrate using laser irradiation. The transfer mechanism in this technology is discussed in this paper.
Sequence Analysis of CYP21A1P in a German Population to Aid in the Molecular Biological Diagnosis of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (2010)

The genetic structure of CYP21A1P and the potential risks of false conclusions it may introduce are essential considerations in designing a PCR-based diagnosis procedure for congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
CIB1 depletion impairs cell survival and tumor growth in triple-negative breast cancer (2020)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with generally poor prognosis and no available targeted therapies, highlighting a critical unmet need to identify and characterize novel therapeutic targets. We previously demonstrated that CIB1 is necessary for cancer cell survival and proliferation via regulation of two oncogenic signaling pathways, RAF–MEK–ERK and PI3K–AKT. Because these pathways are often upregulated in TNBC, we hypothesized that CIB1 may play a broader role in TNBC cell survival and tumor growth. Methods utilized include inducible RNAi depletion of CIB1 in vitro and in vivo, immunoblotting, clonogenic assay, flow cytometry, RNA-sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. CIB1 depletion resulted in significant cell death in 8 of 11 TNBC cell lines tested. Analysis of components related to PI3K–AKT and RAF–MEK–ERK signaling revealed that elevated AKT activation status and low PTEN expression were key predictors of sensitivity to CIB1 depletion. Furthermore, CIB1 knockdown caused dramatic shrinkage of MDA-MB-468 xenograft tumors in vivo. RNA sequence analysis also showed that CIB1 depletion in TNBC cells activates gene programs associated with decreased proliferation and increased cell death. CIB1 expression levels per se did not predict TNBC susceptibility to CIB1 depletion, and CIB1 mRNA expression levels did not associate with TNBC patient survival. Our data are consistent with the emerging theory of non-oncogene addiction, where a large subset of TNBCs depend on CIB1 for cell survival and tumor growth, independent of CIB1 expression levels. Our data establish CIB1 as a novel therapeutic target for TNBC.
Image matching algorithm based on SIFT using color and exposure information (2016)

Image matching based on scale invariant feature transform(SIFT) is one of the most popular image matching algorithms, which exhibits high robustness and accuracy. Grayscale images rather than color images are generally used to get SIFT descriptors in order to reduce the complexity. The regions which have a similar grayscale level but different hues tend to produce wrong matching results in this case. Therefore, the loss of color information may result in decreasing of matching ratio. An image matching algorithm based on SIFT is proposed, which adds a color offset and an exposure offset when converting color images to grayscale images in order to enhance the matching ratio. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively differentiate the regions with different colors but the similar grayscale level, and increase the matching ratio of image matching based on SIFT. Furthermore, it does not introduce much complexity than the traditional SIFT.
The Antigen-Antibody Reaction in Immunohistochemistry (2003)

The problems of major concern in immunohistochemical practice are discussed in the following order: (a) the mechanism of the Ag-Ab reaction in fixed tissue as opposed to the in vitro reaction; (b) the chemistry of fixation and its influence on the final result of the immunohistochemical reaction; (c) the various procedures used for antigen retrieval in formaldehyde-fixed tissue; and (d) the consideration of the possible mechanism underlying heat-induced antigen retrieval. Suggestions for further work to attempt a clarification of the mechanism involved in the Ag-Ab reaction in immunohistochemistry resorting to existing histochemical methods for the demonstration of protein side groups are presented, together with some examples already published.
Hydrophobicity of Surfaces with Cavities: Making Hydrophobic Substrates from Hydrophilic Materials? (2009)

Rough surfaces made of hydrophobic materials are known to exhibit enhanced hydrophobicity. Similarly, rough surfaces made of hydrophilic materials show increased hydrophilic behavior. The energetics of these observations is well explained by either Wenzel's or Cassie–Baxter's formulas. Recent experimental results have shown that rough surfaces made of hydrophilic materials can exhibit hydrophobic behavior. The idea is to make a rough surface with cavities. The apparent contact angle of a drop on such surfaces is reported to agree with Cassie–Baxter's formula even when the substrate material is hydrophilic. Others have interpreted this to imply that air remains trapped in the cavities after a liquid drop is deposited on it, thus making it effectively hydrophobic. In this work, we consider the effective energy of such surfaces theoretically.
Melatonin and Sleep Qualities in Healthy Adults: Pharmacological and Expectancy Effects (2001)

The impact of expectancy on melatonin's effects on sleep qualities was investigated. Both the pharmacological dose of 6 mg of melatonin and the expectation of receiving melatonin were predicted to improve subjective ratings of sleep qualities. The balanced placebo design varied 2 factors within-subjects: actual treatment and expected treatment. Adults (N = 53; 21 men and 32 women) between the ages of 26 and 71 years were administered either 6 mg of melatonin or a placebo for 8 nights. An instructional manipulation directed participants' expectations. Participants rated their nightly sleep experiences. Results revealed that feelings upon awakening differed between genders and that expecting melatonin increased ratings of sleep continuity. Most important, high ratings of "grogginess/tiredness" were associated with receiving melatonin, regardless of expectancy, as well as with receiving placebo when melatonin was expected. Overall, the findings underscore the need to consider expectancy and gender differences in research on melatonin and sleep experiences.
Modification of Sensitivity to X-Irradiation by Water in Bacillus megaterium (1963)

Dry spores of Bacillus megaterium were equilibrated at 25 deg C with partial pressures of H/sub 2/ ranging from 2.5 x 10/sup -5/ mm to 22 mm of mercury (= torr). After exposure to x rays rays, the spores with different water content were treated to permit recognition of the influence of varying amounts of H/sub 2/O in the spore on the previously described three main kinds of mechanisms responsible for lethal damage. Probability of damage from oxygen-independent causes is unchanged from about 10/sup -5/ torr to about 10/sup -1/ torr but may rise by about 20% as the vapor pressure is raised to saturation (22 mm at 25 deg C). Probability of damage from radiation-induced radicals that must combine with O/sub 2/ after formation decreases from the very dry (10/sup -5/ torr) spore to about one-third at 1 torr, remains constant to about 10 torr, and then decreases to zero at 22 torr. Water protects the spore from damage from these radicals, and to different degrees in two ranges of water content. Probability of damage observed only when O/sub 2/ present at the time of irradiation decreases from a high value at 10/sup -5/ torr to about one-fifth thatmore » value at 1 torr, remains constant to about 10 torr, and then increases as vapor pressure of H/sub 2/O increases to saturation. Results are analyzed and discussed. Water is seen to have a very large over-all protective effect; at the same time, it can be shown to be sensitizing in two ways, one O/sub 2/-independent and one O/sub 2/- dependent, as water content approaches maximal values. The evidence allows recognition of three levels of water content, as well as interpretation of the action of protective chemicals in wet cellular systems.« less
Anhydrous Proton-Conducting Properties of Nafion–1,2,4-Triazole and Nafion–Benzimidazole Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2007)

Recently, fuel cells have gathered a lot of interest due to their potential as future sources of clean energy. Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) require high operating temperatures for high conversion efficiency. Anhydrous proton-conducting polymers employing Nafion–1,2,4-triazole- and Nafion–benzimidazole-blend membranes were studied for use in PEFCs above . The solvents 1,2,4-triazole and benzimidazole are thermally stable, organic reagents with low volatility and are used to replace water as the proton acceptor in the perfluorinated ionomer membrane. The Nafion–benzimidazole blend had high thermal stability above and proton conductivity of at under nonhumidified conditions. Fuel cell tests using a single membrane electrode assembly cell with the Nafion-blend membranes were successfully performed.
Enhanced detection of sleep apnoea using heart-rate, respiration effort and oxygen saturation derived from a photoplethysmography sensor (2017)

This paper presents a study on identifying sleep apnoea using the photoplethysmography (PPG) measurements, which is obtained from the SpO2 sensor. Using a database of polysomnogram (PSG) records of 52 patients, the heart rate and breathing effort information was derived from the PPG measurements and then features are extracted and processed by a classifier to detect one-minute epochs of sleep apnoea. The ground truth labels for the epochs were determined by trained technicians using the full PSG signal. Pulse oximetry (SpO2) measurements from the same sensor are also used in the classification process for comparison and in combination with the PPG results. The results show that both the heart rate and respiratory effort information derived from the PPG signal were able to detect apnoeic epochs with some success. The best classification performance of 87% for correctly labelling the epochs was obtained when the SpO2 features and the PPG features were combined.
The hyaluronate synthase from a eukaryotic cell line (1993)

The hyaluronate synthase complex was identified in plasma membranes from B6 cells. It contained two subunits of molecular masses 52 kDa and 60 kDa which bound the precursor UDP-GlcA in digitonin solution and partitioned into the aqueous phase, together with nascent hyaluronate upon Triton X-114 phase separation. The 52 kDa protein cross-reacted with poly- and monoclonal antibodies raised against the streptococcal hyaluronate synthase and the 60 kDa protein was recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against a hyaluronate receptor. The 52 kDa protein was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography with monoclonal anti-hyaluronate synthase.
Influence of ester derivatives of oleic-sunflover seedoil on the foliar penetration of herbicides (1995)

International audience
Intrahepatic biliary strictures after liver transplantation. (1994)

Strictures have multiple causes and may be an important indicator of underlying abnormalities. They often require interventional radiologic or surgical treatment.
[Study on inducing an artemisinin-resistant line of Plasmodium berghei]. (2002)

Line of P. berghei with medium level resistance to artemisinin was established.
Vibrational spectroscopic studies of <scp>L</scp>‐argininium dinitrate (2002)

Abstract The Fourier transform IR and Raman spectra of (C 6 H 16 N 4 O 2 2+ ·2NO 3 − ) crystal were studied and the observed IR and Raman lines were assigned. There is extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the crystal and this is responsible for the changes in the position and intensity of several bands. The vibrational spectra show that the carboxyl group forms a strong hydrogen bond whereas the nitrogen atoms of the amino and guanidyl groups of the cation form normal hydrogen bonds with the oxygen atoms of the anions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposing Deep Fakes Using Inconsistent Head Poses (2018)

In this paper, we propose a new method to expose AI-generated fake face images or videos (commonly known as the Deep Fakes). Our method is based on the observations that Deep Fakes are created by splicing synthesized face region into the original image, and in doing so, introducing errors that can be revealed when 3D head poses are estimated from the face images. We perform experiments to demonstrate this phenomenon and further develop a classification method based on this cue. Using features based on this cue, an SVM classifier is evaluated using a set of real face images and Deep Fakes.