gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical design of an imaging spatial heterodyne infrared spectrometer (1999)

The optical design for an IR imaging spatial heterodyne spectrometer is described. The evolution of the design from a paraxial layout to a final working system is detailed, showing how the basic ideas outlined by the inventors of the ISHS concept were realized in an instrument operating in the long wave IR. Several design constraints unique to operation in the LWIR posed challenges to the design; the choices made to solve these problems are discussed. The predicted imaging performance of the design is modeled, and improvements to the design of a second generation instrument are proposed.
Cytotoxicity against human leukemic cell lines, and the activity on the expression of resistance genes of flavonoids from Platanus orientalis. (1999)

The cytotoxic activity of three flavonoids, belonging to the kaempherol series, was evaluated against 15 human leukemic cell lines. Flavonoids bearing acyl substituants, 2 and 3, were found to be the most active compounds. A further compound, 1, was examined for its ability to modulate the expression of MDR-1 and GST-pi resistance genes and compounds 2 and 3 for their effect on the uptake of [3H]-thymidine as a marker of DNA synthesis.
Structural Deep Embedding for Hyper-Networks (2018)

Network embedding has recently attracted lots of attentions in data mining. Existing network embedding methods mainly focus on networks with pairwise relationships. In real world, however, the relationships among data points could go beyond pairwise, i.e., three or more objects are involved in each relationship represented by a hyperedge, thus forming hyper-networks. These hyper-networks pose great challenges to existing network embedding methods when the hyperedges are indecomposable, that is to say, any subset of nodes in a hyperedge cannot form another hyperedge. These indecomposable hyperedges are especially common in heterogeneous networks. In this paper, we propose a novel Deep Hyper-Network Embedding (DHNE) model to embed hyper-networks with indecomposable hyperedges. More specifically, we theoretically prove that any linear similarity metric in embedding space commonly used in existing methods cannot maintain the indecomposibility property in hyper-networks, and thus propose a new deep model to realize a non-linear tuplewise similarity function while preserving both local and global proximities in the formed embedding space. We conduct extensive experiments on four different types of hyper-networks, including a GPS network, an online social network, a drug network and a semantic network. The empirical results demonstrate that our method can significantly and consistently outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Optimal resource allocation on heterogeneous complex transport networks (2010)

In recent years, for the investigation of traffic-flow dynamics on complex networks, many existing works have focused on improving the networks resilience of congestion to enhance the transport capacity of the networks. The study in this direction can be roughly classified into two categories. One involves adjusting the topology structure of the underlying network and the other designing better routing strategies. However, the crucial role taken by the distribution of resources is largely ignored. In this paper, the problem of optimal resource allocation on heterogeneous complex transport networks is studied. An explicit analytical solution is provided, which is based on M/M/1 queueing theory and optimization principle, provided that the network structure and routing strategy are given. Finally, an order parameter simulation example by comparing results with those obtained via simple resource allocation in large Barabasi-Albert (BA) scale-free network is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
A New Routing Protocol of Structured Peer-to-Peer Overlay Networks (2008)

The routing protocol of structured peer-to-peer overlay networks influences the p2p network performances in route table maintenance, routing hops, and network churning. Current protocols we used usually maintain a O(logN) route table and O(logN) routing hops. To get better routing speed with less scale routing table, using O(1) node finger to get O(N) route path, a new protocol named CSSP was presented. A short routing table was made to record ldquoLrdquo cache nodes, one super node and one successor node. Algorithms for maintaining the route table was presented in this paper. A selection algorithm was presented to select the super node who could cache all of the nodes. And the cache-nodes, super-node and successor-node ensure the high performance of the CSSP. Compared to chord, pastry and etc., the CSSP increases the performance in routing table maintaining, routing hops, fault-tolerance and the amount of churning nodes while some nodes inject and eject the CSSP p2p system. The simulations and analysis shows that the CSSP is an efficient route algorithm, but also some problems waiting for further study.
Experimental infection of specific pathogen free (SPF) cats with two different strains of <i>Bartonella henselae</i> type I: A comparative study (2002)

Domestic cats are the reservoir of Bartonella henselae, the main causative agent of cat scratch disease. We compared B. henselae type I infection characteristics in 6 SPF cats infected with a feline strain (4.8 x 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL) and in 6 SPF cats infected with the reference Houston I strain (6.6 x 10(6) CFU/mL to 9.6 x 10(7) /mL). All the cats inoculated with the feline strain, but none of the cats inoculated with B. henselae Houston I, developed a fever within 2-12 days (mean: 5.8 days) post inoculation (PI), which lasted for 1-2 weeks. However, all 12 cats became bacteremic. The duration of bacteremia was significantly longer in the cats inoculated with the feline strain (mean: 237 days) than in the cats inoculated with Houston I strain (mean: 60 days) (p < 0.01). Five (83%) cats inoculated with the feline strain and none of the six cats inoculated with B. henselae Houston I had relapsing bacteremia (p = 0.02). IgG antibodies were detected by IFA within 1-2 weeks for both strains, but peaked later (week 10 versus week 3 PI) for the feline strain. By ELISA, using antigens of each B. henselae strain, all 12 cats developed Bartonella specific IgM and IgG antibodies, but the cats infected with B. henselae Houston I antigen yielded significantly lower optical density values (p < 0.05). By SDS-PAGE, PFGE and Western blotting, protein profile differences (84 to 89% homology) were observed between the two strains. If a feline vaccine is to be developed in order to prevent human infection, the choice of the vaccine strain will be critical, since major differences were identified even between strains belonging to the same sero/genotype.
Identification of the ischemic border zone in reperfused canine myocardium using iodinated fatty acid analogs (1985)

The relationship of myocardial blood flow (MBF) to fatty acid uptake (FAU) was examined one hour after release of coronary occlusion in 8 anesthetized open chest dogs, MBF was determined both during coronary occlusion (SR) and one hour after release (SC) with left atrial microspheres. At the time of the second MBF determination, 100-200..mu..Ci of an iodinated modified fatty acid (I123-MFA) were given intravenously. MBF was calculated from the left ventricular (LV) SR and SC(LV activity/gram)/(arterial reference sample). The LV I123-FAU was expressed in a similar manner. SR and SC perfusion values were used to classify LV MBF into 205 normal (N), 37 persistently ischemic (I) and 133 ischemic-reperfused (R) segments for comparison to LV I123-FAU, I123-FAU was MBF-dependent (r=0.73; p<0.001) and significantly greater per unit reperfusion MBF in I vs R and N segments (0.29 +- .2 vs 0.14 +- .1; p<0.05). I123-FAU was MBF-independent over a wide range of reperfusion MBF. A similar protocol using single-photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) of closed-chested dogs showed increased I123-FAU vs thallium-201 in the ischemic border zone in 5/6 dogs. The authors conclude that SPECT non-invasively identifies excess I123-MFA extraction in ischemic but metabolizing myocardium that may be salvaged by sustained reperfusion.
A Study on the Group Sequential Methods for Comparing Survival Distributions in Clinical Trials (1998)

In many clinical trials, we are interested in comparing the failure time distribution of different treatment groups. Because of ethical and economic reasons, clinical trials need to be monitored for early dramatic benefits or potential harmful effects. Prior knowledge, evolving knowledge, statistical considerations, medical judgment and ethical principles are all involved in the decision to terminate a trial early, and thus the monitoring is usually carried out by an independent scientific committee. This paper reviews the recently proposed group sequential testing procedures for clinical trials with survival data. Design considerations of such clinical trials are also discussed. This paper compares the characteristics of each of these methods and provides the biostatisticians with the guidelines for choosing the appropriate group sequential methods in a given situation.
Hybrid bitvector index compression (2007)

Abstract Bitvector index representations provide fast resolution of conjunctive Boolean queries, but require a great deal of storage space. On the other hand, compressed index representations are space-efficient, but query evaluation tends to be slower than bitvector evaluation, because of the need for sequential or pseudo-random access into the compressed index lists. Here we investigate a simple hybrid mechanism that stores only a small fraction of the inverted lists as bitvectors and has no or negligible effect on compressed index size compared to the use of byte codes, but improves query processing throughput compared to both byte coded representations and entirely-bitvector arrangements.
CET: Corner Extraction Technique for efficient characterization of GPS tracks (2014)

The popularity of GPS sensors in mobile devices has enabled a new generation of location-based services, in which users record their traveling routes and upload the GPS track points (GTPs) on-the-fly for real-time social sharing, jog journaling, life logging, health care, and map generation. However, directly uploading all GTPs wastes battery energy and network bandwidth on the mobile device, because GTPs are highly redundant. To reduce the redundancies, we propose in this paper the Corner Extraction Technique (CET) to extract the corner points from the GTPs of individual users that can be used to characterize and reconstruct the routes that the user has traveled. Storing corner GTPs requires much less storage space, and transmitting them allows saving in both network bandwidth and energy consumption, leading to optimized GPS-enabled mobile applications. We have conducted both trace-driven simulations and real experiments to demonstrate the merits of the proposed CET approach. The experimental results indicate that: (1) CET results in up to 33 times of compression ratio, (2) CET closely follows the original road segments, and (3) CET saves energy consumption by up to 72%.
Spectrum decision in cognitive radio networks using multi-armed bandit (2015)

In cognitive radio networks, secondary users utilize idle parts of primary users' spectrum in order to achieve more spectrum efficiency. However, due to the fact that sensing more than one channel at every sensing opportunity is difficult, the spectrum selection by the secondary users is a serious challenge in real senarios. In this paper, the problem of spectrum sensing and selection in a cognitive radio system is modeled as a multi-armed multi-player bandit problem. Unlike to the other works in this area, we have considered a bursty type traffic for primary users and by introducing a forgetting factor to the involved past successful transmissions in the bandit model, it is shown that the average successful transmission rate is increased. Simulation results show that successful transmission rate in our algorithm is 10% better than that of random spectrum sensing.
Interleukin-35 administration counteracts established murine type 1 diabetes – possible involvement of regulatory T cells (2015)

The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-35 is produced by regulatory T (Treg) cells to suppress autoimmune and inflammatory responses. The role of IL-35 in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains to be answered. To elucidate this, we investigated the kinetics of Treg cell response in the multiple low dose streptozotocin induced (MLDSTZ) T1D model and measured the levels of IL-35 in human T1D patients. We found that Treg cells were increased in MLDSTZ mice. However, the Treg cells showed a decreased production of anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-35, TGF-β) and increased pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-17) cytokines, indicating a phenotypic shift of Treg cells under T1D condition. IL-35 administration effectively both prevented development of, and counteracted established MLDSTZ T1D, seemingly by induction of Eos expression and IL-35 production in Treg cells, thus reversing the phenotypic shift of the Treg cells. IL-35 administration reversed established hyperglycemia in NOD mouse model of T1D. Moreover, circulating IL-35 levels were decreased in human T1D patients compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest that insufficient IL-35 levels play a pivotal role in the development of T1D and that treatment with IL-35 should be investigated in treatment of T1D and other autoimmune diseases.
Distributed Learning, Recognition, and Prediction by ART and ARTMAP Neural Networks (1997)

A class of adaptive resonance theory (ART) models for learning, recognition, and prediction with arbitrarily distributed code representations is introduced. Distributed ART neural networks combine the stable fast learning capabilities of winner-take-all ART systems with the noise tolerance and code compression capabilities of multilayer perceptrons. With a winner-take-all code, the unsupervised model dART reduces to fuzzy ART and the supervised model dARTMAP reduces to fuzzy ARTMAP. With a distributed code, these networks automatically apportion learned changes according to the degree of activation of each coding node, which permits fast as well as slow learning without catastrophic forgetting. Distributed ART models replace the traditional neural network path weight with a dynamic weight equal to the rectified difference between coding node activation and an adaptive threshold. Thresholds increase monotonically during learning according to a principle of atrophy due to disuse. However, monotonic change at the synaptic level manifests itself as bidirectional change at the dynamic level, where the result of adaptation resembles long-term potentiation (LTP) for single-pulse or low frequency test inputs but can resemble long-term depression (LTD) for higher frequency test inputs. This paradoxical behavior is traced to dual computational properties of phasic and tonic coding signal components. A parallel distributed match-reset-search process also helps stabilize memory. Without the match-reset-search system, dART becomes a type of distributed competitive learning network.
Efficient OLAP operations for spatial data using peano trees (2003)

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) is an important application of data warehouses. With more and more spatial data being collected, such as remotely sensed images, geographical information, digital sky survey data, efficient OLAP for spatial data is in great demand. In this paper, we build up a new data warehouse structure -- PD-cube, With PD-cube, OLAP operations and queries can be efficiently implemented. All these are accomplished based on the fast logical operations of Peano Trees (P-Trees*). One of the P-tree variations, Predicate P-tree, is used to efficiently reduce data accesses by filtering out "bit holes" consisting of consecutive 0's. Experiments show that OLAP operations can be executed much faster than with traditional OLAP methods.
Use of mass spectrometry to identify protein biomarkers of disease severity in the synovial fluid and serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2004)

Several potential protein marker candidates have been identified for prognosis of the erosive form of RA. This study demonstrates the facility of using protein mass spectrometry in SF and serum for global discovery and verification of clinically relevant sets of disease biomarkers.
Palladium Catalysts with Sulfonate-Functionalized-NHC Ligands for Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions in Water (2011)

Four new Pd(II) complexes containing sulfonate-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have been synthesized. All new complexes are palladium bis-NHCs, in which the ligands adopt a monodentate, bis-chelating, and pincer coordination form, so that a good comparison between their catalytic activities can be performed. The complexes have been used in the Suzuki−Miyaura cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and phenylboronic acid in water and in iPrOH/water. The bis-NHC-palladium complex 1, in which the two NHC ligands are in a relative cis configuration, affords the best catalytic outcomes, with high TON values of 105 for 4-bromoacetophenone and 3.7 × 104 for 4-chloroacetophenone.
Design of real-time image enhancement preprocessor for CMOS image sensor (2000)

This paper presents a design of the real-time digital image enhancement preprocessor for a CMOS image sensor. The CMOS image sensor offers various advantages while it provides lower-quality images than the CCD does. In order to compensate for the physical limitation of the CMOS sensor, a spatially adaptive contrast enhancement algorithm was incorporated into the preprocessor with color interpolation, gamma correction, and automatic exposure control. The efficient hardware architecture for the preprocessor is proposed and was simulated in VHDL. It is composed of about 19 K logic gates, which is suitable for a low-cost one-chip PC camera. The test system was implemented on a FPGA chip in real-time mode, and performed successfully.
Introduction to Thermal Analysis: Techniques and applications (1988)

to Thermal Analysis Techniques and Applications Edited by Michael E. Brown Chemistry Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW eBook ISBN: 0-306-48404-8 Print ISBN: 1-4020-0472-9 ©2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://kluweronline. com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://ebooks. kluweronline. com CONTENTS Preface to the First Edition, Chapman & Hall, London, 1988 ix About the First Edition of this Book x Preface to the Second Edition xi 1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Definition and History 1 1. 2 Thermal Analysis Instruments 4 References 11 2. THERMAL EVENTS 2. 1 Introduction 13 2. 2 The Solid State 13 2. 3 Reactions of Solids 14 2. 4 Decomposition of Solids 15 2. 5 Reaction with the Surrounding Atmosphere 16 2. 6 Solid-Solid Interactions 16 References 17 3. THERMOGRAVIMETRY (TG) Introduction 3. 1 19 3. 2 The Balance 19 3. 3 Heating the Sample 21 3. 4 The Atmosphere 24 3. 5 The Sample 26 3. 6 Temperature Measurement 26 3. 7 Temperature Control 28 Sample Controlled Thermal Analysis (SCTA) 29 3. 8 3. 9 Calibration 36 3. 10 Presentation of TG Data 37 3
Controlled PEGylation of Monodisperse Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles for Reduced Non‐Specific Uptake by Macrophage Cells (2007)

A dopamine-PEG based ligand is synthesized and used to stabilize monodisperse 9 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles in physiological conditions and against non-specific uptake by macrophage cells. Such stable nanoparticles can be used to enhance the efficiency in target-specific drug delivery and to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c1975_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Short report: Positive correlation between rosetting and parasitemia in Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates. (2002)

Plasmodium falciparum isolates that form rosettes with uninfected red cells are associated with severe malaria in African children, although the mechanism by which rosetting contributes to severe disease is unknown. Here we have analyzed the relationship between rosetting and parasitemia in two samples of clinical isolates from children with malaria in Kilifi, Kenya. A consistent positive correlation was found between rosetting and parasitemia (Spearman's rank correlation coefficent p = 0.467, P < .001, n = 154, for 1993 study; p = .407, P < .001, n = 74, for 2000 study). Rosetting may enhance parasite growth and survival by facilitating invasion or promoting immune evasion, thus allowing higher parasitemia to develop and increasing the likelihood of severe malaria.
Another derivation of Wu list decoding algorithm and interpolation in rational curve fitting (2010)

A novel derivation of the Wu list decoding algorithm for Reed-Solomon codes is provided. The algorithm is reformulated as construction of a partially homogenized interpolation polynomial. A generalization of the binary interpolation algorithm, which is based on the novel formulation of the interpolation step, is provided. It enables complexity reducion both with respect to the Wu method based on the Iterative Interpolation Algorithm, as well as the Guruswami-Sudan method based on re-encoding and the binary interpolation algorithm.
Abdominal adiposity quantification at MRI via fuzzy model-based anatomy recognition (2013)

In studying Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) in obese children, the quantification of obesity through MRI has been shown to be useful. For large-scale studies, interactive or manual segmentation strategies become inadequate. Our goal is to automate this process to facilitate high throughput, precision, and accuracy and to eliminate subjectivity in quantification. In this paper, we demonstrate the adaptation, to this application, of a general body-wide Automatic Anatomy Recognition (AAR) system that is being developed separately. The AAR system has been developed based on existing clinical CT image data of 50-60 year-old male subjects and using fuzzy models of a large number of objects in each body region. The individual objects and their models are arranged in a hierarchy that is specific to each body region. In the application under consideration in this paper, we are primarily interested in only the skin boundary, and subcutaneous and visceral adipose region. Further, the image modality is MRI, and the study subjects are 8-17 year-old females. We demonstrate in this paper that, once such a full AAR system is built, it can be easily adapted to a new application by specifying the objects of interest, their hierarchy, and a few other application-specific parameters. Our tests based on MRI of 14 obese subjects indicate a recognition accuracy of about 2 voxels or better for both types of adipose regions. This seems quite adequate in terms of the initialization of model-based graph-cut (GC) and iterative relative fuzzy connectedness (IRFC) algorithms implemented in our AAR system for subsequent delineation of the objects. Both algorithms achieved low false positive volume fraction (FPVF) and high true positive volume fraction (TPVF), with IRFC performing better than GC.