gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review: <i>Main Currents in English History</i>, by Frank J. Klingberg (1944)

Book Review| March 01 1944 Review Main Currents in English HistoryFrank J. Klingberg Andrew Fish Andrew Fish Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1944) 13 (1): 94. https://doi.org/10.2307/3635758 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Andrew Fish; Review. Pacific Historical Review 1 March 1944; 13 (1): 94. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3635758 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1944 The Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Interactions of glutaredoxins, ribonucleotide reductase, and components of the DNA replication system of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2004)

A strain of Escherichia coli missing three members of the thioredoxin superfamily, thioredoxins 1 and 2 and glutaredoxin 1, is unable to grow, a phenotype presumed to be due to the inability of cells to reduce the essential enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. Two classes of mutations can restore growth to such a strain. First, we have isolated a collection of mutations in the gene for the protein glutaredoxin 3 that suppress the growth defect. Remarkably, all eight independent mutations alter the same amino acid, methionine-43, changing it to valine, isoleucine, or leucine. From the position of the amino acid changes and their effects, we propose that these alterations change the protein so that its properties are closer to those of glutaredoxin 1. The second means of suppressing the growth defects of the multiply mutant strain was by mutations in the DNA replication genes, dnaA and dnaN. These mutations substantially increase the expression of ribonucleotide reductase, most likely by altering the interaction of the regulatory protein DnaA with the ribonucleotide reductase promoter. Our results suggest that this increase in the concentration of ribonucleotide reductase in the cell allows more effective interaction with glutaredoxin 3, thus restoring an effective pool of deoxyribonucleotides. Our studies present direct evidence that ribonucleotide reductase is the only essential enzyme that requires the three reductive proteins missing in our strains. Our results also suggest an unexpected regulatory interaction between the DnaA and DnaN proteins.
THE MEASUREMENT OF BITTERNESS IN BEERS (1964)

Up to the present time it has been possible to obtain two different figures for the bitterness of a beer according to whether the analysis has been made and calculated by the Rigby & Bethune Second Method or by the Moltke & Meilgaard and related methods. By co-ordinating the results obtained by the Isohumulone Sub-committee of the A.S.B.C. with those of the Analysis Committee of the E.B.C., it has been shown that the results by the two types of method are related in such a way that at 28 parts per million they agree; but, progressively, above this value the Moltke & Meilgaard figures become larger than the Rigby & Bethune ones for the same beer. The opposite is true below 28 p.p.m. Since, nevertheless, a good relationship exists between the results by the two types of method, they could all be stated on a uniform scale. There are arguments in favour of adopting the Rigby & Bethune calculation, and the Societies have agreed to adopt it and to name the results “International Bitterness Units” (in America “Isohumulone Bitterness Units”). As a result, inter-continentally agreed Tables are published here for converting Moltke & Meilgaard results (or for converting the ultraviolet measurements directly) into I.B.U.s. For the great majority of beers—those made with fresh or well-stored hops—the results by the two types of method agree, if they have been calculated in this way. However, the E.B.C. Analysis Committee has studied also beers made from old or deteriorated hops and here, even when calculated in the new units, the two types of method give discrepant results. It has been shown by chromatography that the Rigby & Bethune washing of the iso-octane extract with acid methanol removes from such old-hop beers another group of compounds—so leaving purified isohumulones. However, the compounds removed are also bitter, so that the value of the Moltke & Meilgaard method for such beers is explained. It seems probably that the extra bittering compounds, additional to isohumulones in beers made from deteriorated hops, are water-soluble derivatives of the resin acids.
Current-Only Directional Overcurrent Protection for Distribution Automation: Challenges and Solutions (2012)

Overcurrent relays are widely used for power systems protection. Transmission side uses more directional type relays, while distribution systems, e.g., radial and ring-main subtransmission systems use nondirectional types. The fault direction may be forward (between relay and grid), or reverse (between relay and source), the normal power flow being from source to the grid. Traditional directional overcurrent relays utilize the reference voltage phasor for estimating the direction of the fault. This requires measurement of both current and voltage using respective sensors. This makes the directional overcurrent relays more costly than the nondirectional type. In this paper, a novel current-only directional detection possibility is highlighted along with theoretical, test signal analysis, challenges and associated solutions. Possible utilizations of the current-only directional relay in the distribution side protection are described, which is a key focus area for enabling the smart grid.
Adsorbed Species of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> on Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for the Photocatalytic Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> (2010)

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in the presence of H2 as the reductant was performed over MgO, CaO, ZrO2, Ga2O3, and Al2O3. Ga2O3 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity in this process, and CO gas was selectively generated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The amount of CO gas evolved depended not only on the amount of CO2 but also on the amount of H2 adsorbed on Ga2O3. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra showed symmetric CO3 stretching vibration bands from bidentate and monodentate bicarbonate species in the presence of CO2 and OH and Ga−H stretching vibration bands in the presence of H2. The chemisorbed CO2 species involved in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 over Ga2O3 was not the bidentate bicarbonate species but the monodentate bicarbonate species. The dissociatively adsorbed hydrogen on Ga2O3 reduced the monodentate bicarbonate to the bidentate formate under photoirradiation. The bidentate formate, which was an intermediate in the photocatalytic reduction, decomposed to CO. We propose that photocatalytic reduction of CO2 over Ga2O3 takes place via a Langmuir−Hinshelwood-type mechanism, which is different from the previously reported mechanism for photocatalytic reduction using ZrO2 or MgO.
Archaeosomes varying in lipid composition differ in receptor‐mediated endocytosis and differentially adjuvant immune responses to entrapped antigen (2002)

Archaeosomes prepared from total polar lipids extracted from six archaeal species with divergent lipid compositions had the capacity to deliver antigen for presentation via both MHC class I and class II pathways. Lipid extracts from Halobacterium halobium and from Halococcus morrhuae strains 14039 and 16008 contained archaetidylglycerol methylphosphate and sulfated glycolipids rich in mannose residues, and lacked archaetidylserine, whereas the opposite was found in Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanosarcina mazei and Methanococcus jannaschii. Annexin V labeling revealed a surface orientation of phosphoserine head groups in M. smithii, M. mazei and M. jannaschii archaeosomes. Uptake of rhodamine-labeled M. smithii or M. jannaschii archaeosomes by murine peritoneal macrophages was inhibited by unlabeled liposomes containing phosphatidylserine, by the sulfhydryl inhibitor N-ethylmaleimide, and by ATP depletion using azide plus fluoride, but not by H. halobium archaeosomes. In contrast, N-ethylmaleimide failed to inhibit uptake of the four other rhodamine-labeled archaeosome types, and azide plus fluoride did not inhibit uptake of H. halobium or H. morrhuae archaeosomes. These results suggest endocytosis of archaeosomes rich in surface-exposed phosphoserine head groups via a phosphatidylserine receptor, and energy-independent surface adsorption of certain other archaeosome composition classes. Lipid composition affected not only the endocytic mechanism, but also served to differentially modulate the activation of dendritic cells. The induction of IL-12 secretion from dendritic cells exposed to H. morrhuae 14039 archaeosomes was striking compared with cells exposed to archaeosomes from 16008. Thus, archaeosome types uniquely modulate antigen delivery and dendritic cell activation.
A PDE model for computing the optical flow (1999)

In this paper we present a new model for optical ow calculation using a variational formulation which preserves discontinuities of the ow much better than classical methods We study the EulerLagrange equations asociated to the variational problem In the case of quadratic energy we show the existence and uniqueness of the corresponding evolution problem Since our method avoid linearization in the optical ow constraint it can recover large displacement in the scene We avoid convergence to irrelevant local minima by embedding our method into a linear scalespace framework and using a focusing strategy from coarse to ne scales
Escherichia coli gene purR encoding a repressor protein for purine nucleotide synthesis. Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and interaction with the purF operator. (1988)

The Escherichia coli gene purR, encoding a repressor protein, was cloned by complementation of a purR mutation. Gene purR on a multicopy plasmid repressed expression of purF and purF-lacZ and reduced the growth rate of host cells by limiting the rate of de novo purine nucleotide synthesis. The level of a 1.3-kilobase purR mRNA was higher in cells grown with excess adenine, suggesting that synthesis of the repressor may be regulated. The chromosomal locus of purR was mapped to coordinate 1755-kb on the E. coli restriction map (Kohara, Y., Akiyama, K., and Isono, K. (1987) Cell 50, 495-508). Pur repressor bound specifically to purF operator DNA as determined by gel retardation and DNase I footprinting assays. The amino acid sequence of Pur repressor was derived from the nucleotide sequence. Pur repressor subunit contains 341 amino acids and has a calculated Mr of 38,179. Pur repressor is 31-35% identical with the galR and cytR repressors and 26% identical with the lacI repressor. These four repressors are likely homologous. Amino acid sequence similarity is greatest in an amino-terminal region presumed to contain a DNA-binding domain. A similarity is also noted in the operator sites for these repressors.
3D face modeling using two views and a generic face model with application to 3D face recognition (2004)

We present an algorithm for 3D face modeling from a frontal image and a profile image of a person's face. The algorithm starts by computing the 3D coordinates of automatically extracted facial feature points. The coordinates of the selected feature points are then used to deform a 3D generic face model to obtain a 3D face model for that person. Procrustes analysis is used to minimize globally the distances between the facial feature vertices in the model and the corresponding 3D points obtained from the images. Then, local deformation is performed on the facial feature vertices to obtain a more realistic 3D model for the person. Preliminary experiments to asses the applicability of the models for face recognition show encouraging results.
Targeting the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) in colorectal liver metastases (2010)

These results suggest that AT2R activation might provide a novel target to inhibit tumour growth. Its potential to stimulate angiogenesis could be compensated by combination with anti-angiogenic agents.
An Expandable Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (1973)

A ferroelectric memory array is described that may be implemented with discrete bits, discrete words, or multiple word components. Binary information is stored as either a positive or negative polarization state in the ferroelectric ceramic material and is read out, with interrogation, by sensing a positive polarity pulse for a " 1" bit, and the lack of a signal for a " 0." The maximum size of the memory is limited only by noise isolation of the bit lines. The array, because of its nonresonant operation, may be interrogated asynchronously. The memory READ/WRITE circuit configuration provides random word access, a device immune to disturb pulses, and compatibility with integrated or discrete circuits. The ceramic material and its configuration provide nonvolatile storage and non-destructive readout. Experimental 5-wordX8-bit discrete word prototype memory array implementations are examined.
Extraction of polysaccharides from bran with phosphonate or phosphinate-derived ionic liquids under short mixing time and low temperature (2010)

A novel series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium phosphonate and phosphinate-type ionic liquids is able to extract polysaccharides from bran, which is a renewable biomass. In particular, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium phosphinate is a novel low viscosity polar ionic liquid with which one can extract a series of polysaccharides from bran without heating. The physico-chemical properties of a series of these salts are also determined, in a study of the ability of these ionic liquids to extract cellulose and other polysaccharides from bran.
<i>n</i> -step charge injection cancellation schemefor very accurate switched current circuits (1994)

An n-step charge injection cancellation scheme for switched current (SI) circuits is presented. By modifying a recently proposed two-step SI cell so that fine memories can be cascaded, n-stage fine cell schemes are now possible. The technique has been applied to CMOS class A, class AB and GaAs class A second generation cells.
Interaction between Thyrotropin (TSH) Binding Inhibitor Immunoglobulins (TBII) and Soluble TSH Receptors in Fat Cells* (1981)

To clarify whether TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobulins (TBII) are antibodies to the membrane site associated with the TSH receptor itself or its neighboring sites, the interactions of TSH and TBII with soluble TSH receptor were investigated with a TSH radioreceptor assay using labeled highly purified bovine TSH (bTSH) and Triton extracts from guinea pig crude fat cell membranes (800-10,000 x g fraction). Treatment of the crude fat cell membranes with 0.5% (vol/vol) Triton X-100 resulted in solubilization of membrane proteins with recoveries of 25-30%, whereas increasing the concentration of Triton X-100 in the assay medium caused a decrease of [125I]bTSH binding to the solubilized membranes. Thus, the solubilized membranes were found to retain the capacity to bind [125I]bTSH below the Triton X-100 concentration of 0.4% in the assay medium. Incubation of the solubilized membranes with [125I]bTSH for 24 h at 4 C led to a steady state of specific binding, while incubation at 37 C resulted in more rapid but less specific binding, with a shorter duration of the steady state. Maximum binding occurred within the physiological pH range. Both TSH and Graves' immunoglobulins (Igs) specifically inhibited [125I]bTSH binding to the solubilized membranes, as demonstrated by polyethylene glycol separation of the [125I]bTSH-solubilized membrane complex from unbound [125I]-bTSH. Scatchard analysis of [125I]bTSh displacement curves for both TSH and Graves' Igs indicated a single class of binding site for each, with an affinity constant of 1.8 x 10(9) M-1. In addition, Igs capable of inhibiting [125I]bTSH binding to the solubilized membranes were detected predominantly in the serum of patients with Graves' disease. These results strongly suggest that TBII are antibodies directed to the TSh receptor itself without strict organ and species specificity.
Universal rule for coding sequence construction: TA/CG deficiency-TG/CT excess. (1988)

Each coding sequence is a finite resource as to the number and composition of four bases. Accordingly, the excessive recurrence of one base oligomer entails the noticeable underrepresentation by the other, so that if the former is the same in most, if not all, of the coding sequences, the latter too must necessarily be the same in all. Indeed, a previous series of studies on 20-odd divergent coding sequences established CTG as one of the most frequently recurring base trimers (if not the most frequent), and this excess was compensated by the underrepresentation by CG and TA dimer-containing base trimers. In this study, I have analyzed three additional coding sequences and reanalyzed one previously studied coding sequence. These four, derived from man, a plant, and a fish, were of variously lopsided base compositions that were not at all conducive to high recurrences of either CT dimer or CT and TG. Yet, the excess of CT and TG dimers accompanied by complementary deficiency of CG and TA dimers emerged as the common rule. Thus, I propose the above as the universal rule of coding sequence construction. The underrepresentation by CG and TA dimers within coding sequences explains why regulatory signals in intergenic spacers are of two kinds: one, TA dimer rich; and the other, CG dimer rich.
Waveform measurements in high-speed silicon bipolar circuits using a picosecond photoelectron scanning electron microscope (1988)

A description is given of a noncontact waveform measurement technique for the characterization of high-speed LSI and VLSI circuits using a picosecond photoelectron scanning electron microscope with 5-ps temporal resolution, 0.1- mu m spatial resolution, and a voltage resolution of 3 mV/ square root Hz. The ability of the technique to measure and monitor the internal waveforms and to resolve the different contributions of the delay in the circuit without any loading effect is demonstrated by its application to the full characterization of sub-100-ps silicon bipolar ECL (emitter-coupled logic) circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Turkish College Girls (2017)

Four years of college life without one date is amazing to an American college girl because the social life is an important part of our educational system. In far away Turkey's College for Women, this situation exists. The college girls attend school until graduation without any social contact with men.
Intra-aortic balloon pumping and stress in the coronary care unit. (1985)

This study compared the perceptions of psychological stress experienced by patients on the IABP with that of other patients in the CCU. During 13 weeks, structured interviews were conducted with 17 male and 10 female patients: Seven were treated with the IABP; 10 were not on the pump but were present during its use; and 10 were neither on the pump nor in physical proximity to it. To measure psychological stress, each patient responded to a list of 20 potentially stressful situations using a stress rating scale. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences in perceptions. The results identified factors in the CCU that patients perceived as stressful and were compared with those of earlier research. Data analysis demonstrated moderate support for the study's hypotheses. Stress levels of patients on the IABP were significantly higher than those of patients who were not on the IABP but present during its use. No significant differences were found between stress levels of patients on the IABP and patients with the IAPB absent or between those of the two groups who were not on the pump. Implications for nursing care of the patient on the IABP were also discussed.
Flame Feature Model Development and Its Application to Flame Detection (2006)

In this study, both linear discriminant technique and logistic regression method are considered and compared to develop a flame feature model. Based on the comparison, the logistic regression method is chosen and plugged into a flame detection system for segmenting the fire regions. Some spurious fire-like regions are then removed by the image difference method and the invented color masking technique. Finally, a simple method is devised to estimate the burning degree of the fire flame so that users could be informed with a proper warning alarm. The proposed method is tested with twelve diverse fire flame video clips at the process speed of thirty frames per second. The proposed method can achieve more than 97% detection rate on the average. In addition, the system can correctly recognize fire flames within one second on the initial combustion from the test video clips, which seems very promising.
The prolyl isomerase Pin1 acts as a novel molecular switch for TNF-α–induced priming of the NADPH oxidase in human neutrophils (2010)

Neutrophils play a key role in host defense by releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, excessive ROS production by neutrophil nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase can damage bystander tissues, thereby contributing to inflammatory diseases. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a major mediator of inflammation, does not activate NADPH oxidase but induces a state of hyperresponsiveness to subsequent stimuli, an action known as priming. The molecular mechanisms by which TNF-α primes the NADPH oxidase are unknown. Here we show that Pin1, a unique cis-trans prolyl isomerase, is a previously unrecognized regulator of TNF-α-induced NADPH oxidase hyperactivation. We first showed that Pin1 is expressed in neutrophil cytosol and that its activity is markedly enhanced by TNF-α. Inhibition of Pin1 activity with juglone or with a specific peptide inhibitor abrogated TNF-α-induced priming of neutrophil ROS production induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine peptide (fMLF). TNF-α enhanced fMLF-induced Pin1 and p47phox translocation to the membranes and juglone inhibited this process. Pin1 binds to p47phox via phosphorylated Ser345, thereby inducing conformational changes that facilitate p47phox phosphorylation on other sites by protein kinase C. These findings indicate that Pin1 is critical for TNF-α-induced priming of NADPH oxidase and for excessive ROS production. Pin1 inhibition could potentially represent a novel anti-inflammatory strategy.