gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light Scattering. Recent Applications (2003)

Abstract Following the pioneering use of lasers and photon beating for the development of dynamic light scattering about thirty years ago, there have been numerous studies using light scattering techniques to investigate liquid dispersions in various research fields. With the growing importance of new polymeric and colloidal materials in technology and biopolymers and biocolloids in biology, the use of these techniques for size characterization has become routine. This paper gives a survey on basic principles of light scattering techniques and their use in physics, chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmaceutical research. We will emphasize recent applications and the combination of light scattering with other techniques such as electrophoresis, chromatography, and flow cytometry. Finally, although light scattering shows several advantages compared to other techniques for characterization of nanoparticles, critical observations are discussed with respect to its potentials and pitfalls.
Automatic recovering of RTSP sessions in mobile telephones using JADE-LEAP (2009)

Streaming is a technique used to transmit information over the network so that its issuing from the server, its communication along the network and its downloading and processing on the client overlapp, and moreover it must not be saved in the client memory. This technique is very effective for transmitting multimedia information (video) and is very suitable for mobile phones because there is no need to store the video in its memory that it is limited (data storage is still quite limited in the last generation mobile phones indeed). While the transmission speed of wireless networks has increased significantly, this technique is still very effective because it hides the latency of the network. On the other hand, the various wireless communication technologies used by mobile phones today (mainly Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), Bluetooth and 3G) are very likely to suffer physical intermittent disconnections making them miss the video streaming session every time a mobile phone loses network coverage for a certain time and forces him to reconnect manually, with the consequent loss of effectiveness of the streaming technique (that is lost due to the effectiveness of concealment of network latency). This work shows an automatic recovery solution for lost video stream and missed session by creating a new mechanism based on proxies implemented with software agents of the Java platform software DEvelopment framework-Lightweight Extensible Agent Platform (JADE-LEAP). As far as our knowledge, this is the first time the efficient use of this platform for streaming video on mobile phones is tested. In addition, the experimental results obtained are very promising for its effectiveness and relevance to the practical case studies we've tested.
Model-Based Validation of Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle Control Systems (2007)

Hydrogen fuel cell technology has emerged as an efficient and clean alternative to internal combustion engines for powering vehicles, and hydrogen powertrains will aid in addressing key environmental issues such as urban air quality and global warming. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of a „hardware-in-loop‟ (HIL) simulation system for validating the safety and effectiveness of control algorithms for a hydrogen fuel cell hybrid passenger vehicle. A significant amount of the work completed in conjunction with the thesis topic was the design and construction of the fuel cell vehicle for competition. Producing a „rolling test bench‟ that generates data to be used to create HIL simulation models required nearly two years of work before an acceptable level of reliability was reached to produce usable data. Some detail will be given in this thesis regarding the infrastructure modifications required to safely build a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, as well as the design challenges faced in the integration of a fuel cell power module, two electric drive motors, a nickel metal hydride battery, and required power electronics into a small sport utility vehicle originally designed for an internal combustion powertrain. The virtual control validation performed involved designing dynamic models of the systems of interest and performing real-time simulation to ensure that the appropriate controller response is observed. For this thesis, emphasis was placed on several key vehicle control topics. Communication robustness was evaluated to ensure that the complicated vehicle communication network could effectively handle traffic from the six powertrain sub-controllers. Safety algorithms were tested for appropriate response to fault conditions. Control systems were developed and tuned offline reducing the amount of time required for in-vehicle development and testing. Software-in-the-loop simulation was used to check initial code integrity and to validate the hardware-in-the-loop vehicle models. The methodology presented in this work was found to be sufficient for a thorough safety and rationality evaluation of control strategies for hybrid fuel cell vehicles.
Secondary structure of the lac repressor DNA-binding domain by two-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance in solution. (1983)

A recently proposed approach for spatial structure determination in noncrystalline proteins by nuclear magnetic resonance was applied to the lac repressor DNA-binding domain. On the basis of sequence-specific 1H NMR assignments, the location of alpha-helices in the amino acid sequence was determined from nuclear Overhauser enhancement data and from amide proton exchange studies. These investigations provide detailed experimental data on the structure of a noncrystalline DNA-binding protein. The results support the hypothesis advanced by others that sequence-specific interactions between lac repressor and DNA are mediated by a particular spatial arrangement of two alpha-helices common to various different DNA-binding proteins.
Ultra-low flying height air bearing designs (2000)

The continual flying height decrease imposed by the rapid areal density growth in recording, together with slider miniaturization and the reduction of the actuator arm-length are significant challenges for air bearing surface (ABS) design. Flying performance of ABS designs with trailing shallow steps are presented. Padded/textured and dynamic load/unload designs for further fly height reduction are also examined. Some fabrication requirements are also considered.
Surface Acoustic Wave Multistrip Components and Their Applications (1973)

The multistrip coupler is a directional coupler which operates on freely propagating surface acoustic waves with broad bandwidth and low loss. The applications of simple multistrip couplers with straight strips are discussed together with descriptions and properties of a family of multistrip components that can perform particular operations. Stepped couplers can perform the function of collinear beamwidth compression and a surface-wave "magic T" may be constructed. Bent, U-shaped, and J-shaped structures are considered that may redirect or reflect acoustic beams, and results are presented for a multistrip unidirectional transducer. Complex acoustic circuits may be built up using these elements. A beam may be reflected and stepped to the side by one track width, and both directions of a delay line may be used sequentially to double its capacity. The spurious triple transit signal of a delay line is shown to be virtually eliminated at the expense of an extra 3-dB single transit loss.
Self-Assembled Carbohydrate Monolayers:  Formation and Surface Selective Molecular Recognition (1998)

The formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of representative thiocarbohydrate derivatives onto a gold surface has been investigated to build an artificial carbohydrate scaffold to mimic non-bonded molecular recognition phenomena. Three types of carbohydrate SAMs were formulated from (i) 1-β-d-thioglucose (1), (ii) 1-β-d-thioglucose tetraacetate (2), and (iii) 2-mercaptoethyl α-d-mannopyranoside (3). Subsequently, each SAM was spectroscopically characterized by reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). Deprotection of the acylated carbohydrate SAM was achieved in situ, indicating that chemical transformation may be performed without disruption of the sulfurgold bond. With the mannose derivative, in which the carbohydrate moiety was separated from the gold surface by the spacer unit OCH2CH2SH, it was possible to demonstrate that such a carbohydrate SAM was able to interact selectively with a specific carbohydrate binding protein, i.e., concanavalin A (Con A). Exposure of the mannose derived SAM to a solution of Con A led to a specific binding interaction as measured by RAIRS and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In contrast, on exposure of the mannose SAM to the l-fucose-specific lectin tetragonolobus purpureas, no such binding was observed. These results suggest that highly ordered SAMs of specifically designed carbohydrate derivatives can be formulated to mimic natural cell surface structures and used to study selective molecular recognition interactions.
Evaluation of immunochromatographic assay systems for rapid detection of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody, Dainascreen HBsAg and Dainascreen Ausab (1996)

We evaluated two immunochromatographic assays (ICAs), Dainascreen HBsAg for detecting human hepatitis hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Dainascreen Ausab for detecting human hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) in human serum. The ICA systems are composed of a comb-shaped device that contains nitrocellulose strips on which complexes of HBsAg and anti-HBs can be visualized. The results can be read within 15 min of incubation. The limit of detection for HBsAg was 3.1 ng/ml and that for anti-HBs was 42 mIU/ml. Results of HBsAg detection agreed completely with those of conventional enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) and showed a 100% sensitivity (158 of 158 samples) and a 100% specificity (304 of 304 samples). The Dainascreen Ausab detected 184 of the 199 EIA-positive samples (sensitivity, 92.5%) and yielded 6 positive results among the 281 EIA-negative samples (specificity, 97.9%). The ICA systems are rapid and sensitive methods for detecting HBsAg and anti-HBs. They are low-cost systems that need no complex instrumentation for analysis and can be recommended for routine use in clinical microbiology laboratories.
Provably secure ciphertext policy ABE (2007)

In ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE), every secret key is associated with a set of attributes, and every ciphertext is associated with an access structure on attributes. Decryption is enabled if and only if the user's attribute set satisfies the ciphertext access structure. This provides fine-grained access control on shared data in many practical settings, e.g., secure database and IP multicast.
Compensation of lens aberrations in digital holography (2000)

The possibility of compensating for the aberrations of an imaging lens in digital holography is outlined theoretically. The principle is demonstrated with a Mach-Zehnder arrangement and transilluminated objects. Diffraction-limited resolution can be obtained with a plano-convex lens. Amplitude and phase objects were imaged.
From bench to bedside: A communal utility value intervention to enhance students’ biomedical science motivation. (2015)

Motivating students to pursue science careers is a top priority among many science educators. We add to the growing literature by examining the impact of a utility value intervention to enhance student's perceptions that biomedical science affords important utility work values. Using an expectancy-value perspective we identify and test two types of utility value: communal (other-oriented) and agentic (self-oriented). The culture of science is replete with examples emphasizing high levels of agentic value, but communal values are often (stereotyped as) absent from science. However, people in general want an occupation that has communal utility. We predicted and found that an intervention emphasizing the communal utility value of biomedical research increased students' motivation for biomedical science (Studies 1-3). We refined whether different types of communal utility value (working with, helping, and forming relationships with others) might be more or less important, demonstrating that helping others was an especially important predictor of student motivation (Study 2). Adding agentic utility value to biomedical research did not further increase student motivation (Study 3). Furthermore, the communal value intervention indirectly impacted students' motivation because students believed that biomedical research was communal and thus subsequently more important (Studies 1-3). This is key, because enhancing student communal value beliefs about biomedical research (Studies 1-3) and science (Study 4) was associated both with momentary increases in motivation in experimental settings (Studies 1-3) and increased motivation over time among students highly identified with biomedicine (Study 4). We discuss recommendations for science educators, practitioners, and faculty mentors who want to broaden participation in science.
Hierarchical memory management for parallel programs (2016)

An important feature of functional programs is that they are parallel by default. Implementing an efficient parallel functional language, however, is a major challenge, in part because the high rate of allocation and freeing associated with functional programs requires an efficient and scalable memory manager. In this paper, we present a technique for parallel memory management for strict functional languages with nested parallelism. At the highest level of abstraction, the approach consists of a technique to organize memory as a hierarchy of heaps, and an algorithm for performing automatic memory reclamation by taking advantage of a disentanglement property of parallel functional programs. More specifically, the idea is to assign to each parallel task its own heap in memory and organize the heaps in a hierarchy/tree that mirrors the hierarchy of tasks. We present a nested-parallel calculus that specifies hierarchical heaps and prove in this calculus a disentanglement property, which prohibits a task from accessing objects allocated by another task that might execute in parallel. Leveraging the disentanglement property, we present a garbage collection technique that can operate on any subtree in the memory hierarchy concurrently as other tasks (and/or other collections) proceed in parallel. We prove the safety of this collector by formalizing it in the context of our parallel calculus. In addition, we describe how the proposed techniques can be implemented on modern shared-memory machines and present a prototype implementation as an extension to MLton, a high-performance compiler for the Standard ML language. Finally, we evaluate the performance of this implementation on a number of parallel benchmarks.
Comparison of different immunostaining techniques and monoclonal antibodies to the lower matrix phosphoprotein (pp65) for optimal quantitation of human cytomegalovirus antigenemia (1992)

The main parameters of immunostaining techniques, i.e., the type of fixative, immunocytochemical reaction, and quality of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), for quantitation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) antigenemia in peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (currently performed by the indirect immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase reaction by using MAbs to HCMV pp65) were investigated in order to optimize procedural steps and reagents. Significantly better results (in terms of the number of positive cells) were obtained on multiple cytospin preparations from heart transplant recipients with HCMV viremia when we used (i) formalin instead of methanol-acetone fixation and (ii) the indirect immunofluorescence reaction instead of the immunoperoxidase reaction, the avidin-biotin complex method, or the alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase procedure. In addition, comparison of the staining capabilities of three MAbs to pp65, which were developed in the laboratory and which were reactive to different epitopes of the protein, with a commercially available MAb (Clonab CMV) for determination of HCMV antigenemia showed that, while individual MAbs did not provide better results, the pool of MAbs detected a significantly higher number of positive peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes than Clonab CMV did. In addition, the sensitivity of the pool in detecting patients with low levels of viremia (less than 5/2 x 10(5) cells inoculated) as antigenemia positive was 100%, whereas the sensitivity of Clonab CMV was 47%. No differences in the specificities between the two MAb preparations were observed.
Synthesis of 4-fluororesorcinol and 4-trifluoromethylresorcinol (1998)

Less expensive, safer, and easily scaled-up methods for the synthesis of 4-fluororesorcinol and 4-trifluoromethylresorcinol have been established, including two methods to give the former compound. One involves the reaction of Selectfluor™ reagent with 1,3-dimethoxybenzene to give 2,4-dimethoxy-1-fluorobenzene followed by hydrolysis to give 4-fluororesorcinol. The overall yield of this two-step reaction is 54%. In the second case, when Selectfluor reagent is reacted directly with resorcinol, under the best reaction conditions, 4-fluororesorcinol is obtained in 66% yield. It is, however, very difficult to separate the starting material from the mono- and difluororesorcinol products. Consequently, the two-step method is the method of choice to prepare 4-fluororesorcinol. The trifluoromethyl group was incorporated into 2,4-dimethoxy-1-iodobenzene to form 1,3-dimethoxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzene followed by mild hydrolysis to give 4-trifluoromethylresorcinol. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 9:229–239, 1998
Dynamic Analysis of a Coal Preparation Plant (1994)

The increasing size of vibrating equipment and higher expectations from plant owners have made the detailed dynamic analysis of mineral processing plants a necessary part of the design process to ensure troublefree operation and Client satisfaction. This paper presents the methods used in the dynamic analysis of the large coal preparation plant at the Gordonstone Coal Mine. Also presented are the results of vibration monitoring undertaken during commissioning, which indicate that the design was successful.
The Rehabilitation of Monitoring Wells Clogged by Calcite Precipitation and Drilling Mud (1996)

Abstract Based on aquifer performance tests, 13 out of 15 wells situated at the Mixed Waste Disposal (MWD) area located at the Savannah River site. South Carolina, exhibited high skin factors and low well efficiencies indicative of severely damaged wells. The use of damaged wells in aquifer testing can lead to inaccurate determinations of aquifer properties, and such wells are unusable in future remediation programs. Moreover, damaged wells can go dry during purging, thus compromising sample collection. Pump tests, chemical analyses, and biological investigations revealed that the poor well performance at MWD was attributable to calcite precipitation on the well screen and drilling mud in the filter pack. The calcite problem resulted from improper well installation, and the drilling mud in the filter pack was due to inadequate well development. Experimental rehabilitation procedures employed on two wells, MWD 5A and 1A, included acidification, swabbing, introduction of surfactants, and surging. Treatment of the wells substantially improved well yields, skin factors, and well efficiencies. Moreover, well rehabilitation was determined to be a reasonable alternative to drilling new wells at the MWD wellfield.
Core Formation and the Acquisition of Fusion Competence are Linked During Secretory Granule Maturation in <i>Tetrahymena</i> (2005)

The formation of dense core secretory granules is a multistage process beginning in the trans Golgi network and continuing during a period of granule maturation. Direct interactions between proteins in the membrane and those in the forming dense core may be important for sorting during this process, as well as for organizing membrane proteins in mature granules. We have isolated two mutants in dense core granule formation in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila , an organism in which this pathway is genetically accessible. The mutants lie in two distinct genes but have similar phenotypes, marked by accumulation of a set of granule cargo markers in intracellular vesicles resembling immature secretory granules. Sorting to these vesicles appears specific, since they do not contain detectable levels of an extraneous secretory marker. The mutants were initially identified on the basis of aberrant proprotein processing, but also showed defects in the docking of the immature granules. These defects, in core assembly and docking, were similarly conditional with respect to growth conditions, and therefore are likely to be tightly linked. In starved cells, the processing defect was less severe, and the immature granules could dock but still did not undergo stimulated exocytosis. We identified a lumenal protein that localizes to the docking‐competent end of wildtype granules, but which is delocalized in the mutants. Our results suggest that dense cores have functionally distinct domains that may be important for organizing membrane proteins involved in docking and fusion.
Predicting Success with Orthokeratology Lens Wear: A Retrospective Analysis of Ocular Characteristics (1995)

In this pilot study, the success of orthokeratology lens wear was not related to ocular biomechanical or biometric attributes, but it was related to prefitting refractive error.
Stereoscopic Presentations - Taking the Difficulty out of 3D (2000)

A wide range of technology is now available for the projection of high-quality stereoscopic presentations. This paper reviews the software tools that are currently available for the generation of presentations containing stereoscopic images and the hardware that is available for the projection of those presentations. This paper also discusses the need for more tools to take the difficulty out of preparing and projecting stereoscopic presentations. Introduction Modern conference presentations commonly use electronic projection of a computer-generated slide-show and possibly the projection of (NTSC or PAL) video from video tape. A computer-generated slide-show can integrate simple text and graphics, still images and digital video files into a single presentation. All of these items can be presented in stereoscopic 3D. But we need to ask the question: why is it, with so many people working in stereoscopic imaging, that so few presentations are presented stereoscopically? The use of stere...