gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>In-line fiber optic polarimeter using a fused 1 x 5 star coupler</title> (1996)

A division-of-aperture in-line fiber-optic photopolarimeter using a 1 by 5 fused fiberoptic star coupler has been demonstrated. All five output beams of the star coupler have nearly identical states of polarization except that they have unknown orientations of optical axes. The photopolarimeter output is taken from one of the star coupler output beams, whose state of polarization is measured from the other four beams. The construction of the in-line photopolarimeter is identical to that of conventional ones except that the linear and circular analyzers are aligned with the respective beam optical axes determined from calibration. Such a system is compact, light weight, efficient, robust and inexpensive. The new photopolarimeter agrees within one percent with a HP 8509A off-line photopolarimeter.
Local/global scene flow estimation (2013)

The scene flow describes the 3D motion of every point in a scene between two time steps. We present a novel method to estimate a dense scene flow using intensity and depth data. It is well known that local methods are more robust under noise while global techniques yield dense motion estimation. We combine local and global constraints to solve for the scene flow in a variational framework. An adaptive TV (Total Variation) regularization is used to preserve motion discontinuities. Besides, we constrain the motion using a set of 3D correspondences to deal with large displacements. In the experimentation our approach outperforms previous scene flow from intensity and depth methods in terms of accuracy.
A commercial off-the-shelf based replacement strategy for aging avionics computers (2002)

With decreasing defense dollars available to purchase new military aircraft, the inventory of existing aircraft will have to last many more years than originally anticipated. As the avionics computers on these aging aircraft get older, they become more expensive to maintain due to parts obsolescence. In addition, expanding missions and changing requirements lead to growth in the embedded software which, in turn, requires additional processing and memory capacity. Both factors, parts obsolescence and new processing capacity, result in the need to replace the old computer hardware with newer, more capable microprocessor technology. New microprocessors, however, are not compatible with the older computer instruction set architectures. This generally requires the embedded software in these computers to be rewritten. A significant savings-estimated in the billions of dollars-could be achieved in these upgrades if the new computers could execute the old embedded code along with any new code to be added. This paper describes a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) based form, fit, function, and interface (F/sup 3/I) replacement strategy for legacy avionics computers that can reuse existing avionics code "as is" while providing a flexible framework for incremental upgrades and managed change. It is based on a real-time embedded software technology that executes legacy binary code on the latest generation COTS microprocessors. This technology, developed by TRW and being applied under the sponsorship of the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL), promises performance improvements of 5-10 times that of the legacy avionics computer that it replaces. It also promises a 4X decrease in cost and schedule over rewriting the code and provides a "known good" starting point for incremental upgrades of the embedded flight software. Code revalidation cost and risk are minimized since the structure of the embedded code is not changed, allowing the replacement computer to be retested at the "blackbox" level using existing qualification tests.
Alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes in acute anterior uveitis. (1988)

The alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype PiMZ has been reported to have a higher than normal incidence in patients with acute anterior uveitis, indicating an important role in the immunogenetics of this condition. We have determined the incidence of this phenotype in 72 patients with acute anterior uveitis. It was found to occur in four patients (5.6% of the total), with the highest incidence (3/34 or 8.8%, p less than 0.001) in patients negative for HLA B27 and without sacroiliac joint disease. The incidence in HLA B27 positive patients was normal. No correlation was found with the severity, bilaterality, or recurrence of uveitis. Although this increased incidence is statistically significant in comparison with the normal population incidence of 2.6%, its direct clinical significance is questionable; the most likely explanation for it includes possible linkage with other immunoregulatory genes. We also found a lower than expected incidence of the phenotype PiMS, and discuss the relevance of this finding.
Building automation on the information superhighway (1998)

Modern building systems make use of modern direct digital control and communication technologies. Such an approach has led to the concept of the intelligent building. Integrated building automation and management systems (BAS/BMS) have been developed so that building management staff can gain access to any building system via the BAS to accomplish the goals of monitoring, real-time control, and condition-based maintenance inside the shift duty room. So far, such information has been confined within the building or at a specified remote control station. With the help of the Internet, all critical data of a building automation system can be made available to any authorized user around the world, who can then monitor and control the building systems, even thousands of miles away. This paper describes the conceptual development of the framework and detailed hardware and software designs of a standard building automation system that can be operated locally by a local area network (LAN) and globally by the Internet. High-speed image transfer further enhances the user friendliness and confidence of operation. As an example, the idea has been implemented on a standard building automation system while public users can control and monitor any point of an AHU simulator. All technicalmore » details are included in this paper for easy reference.« less
Construction of hybrid viruses in vitro and their possible use for the production of specific viral or cellular proteins. (1979)

The use of plasmid and bacteriophage vectors for cloning of DNA segments from procaryotes and eucaryotes is described. A similar approach is being developed with DNA viruses like simian virus 40 or adenovirus 2. Such hybrid viruses may permit the amplification of specific genes and the overproduction of the corresponding proteins.
Dynamic Behavior Analysis of a Rotating Smooth and Discontinuous Oscillator with Irrational Nonlinearity (2018)

This paper focuses on a novel rotating mechanical model which provides a cylindrical example of transition from smooth to discontinuous dynamics. The remarkable feature of the proposed system is a cylindrical dynamical system with strongly irrational nonlinearity exhibiting both smooth and discontinuous characteristics due to the geometry configuration. By using nonlinear dynamical technique, the unperturbed dynamics of the proposed system are studied including the irrational restoring force, stability of equilibria, Hamiltonian function and phase portraits. Note that a pair of double heteroclinic-like orbits connecting two non-standard saddle points are proposed in discontinuous case. For the perturbed system, we introduce a cylindrical approximate system for which the analytical solutions can be obtained successfully to reflect the nature of the original system without barrier of the irrationalities. Melnikov method is employed to detect the chaotic thresholds for the double heteroclinic orbits under the perturbation of viscous damping and external harmonic forcing in smooth regime. Finally, numerical simulations show the efficiency of the proposed method and demonstrate the predicated periodic solution and chaotic attractors. It is found that a good degree of correlation is demonstrated in the bifurcation diagram, the phase portraits of periodic solution, the chaotic attractor’ structures and the Lyapunov characteristics between the original system and approximate system.
Methylmercury Efflux from Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells Is Modulated by Intracellular Glutathione but Not ATP (1996)

To reach its target tissue, methylmercury must traverse brain capillary endothelial cells, the site of the blood-brain barrier. Methylmercury uptake from blood plasma into these cells is mediated in part by an amino acid carrier that transports the methylmercury-L-cysteine complex; however, the mechanism by which it is released from the endothelial cells into brain interstitial space is unknown. Using bovine brain capillary endothelial cells in culture, the present study examined the hypothesis that methylmercury is transported out of these cells as a glutathione (GSH) complex. GSH concentration in cultured bovine brain capillary endothelial cells was 13.1 +/- 3.3 nmol/mg protein. Depletion of intracellular GSH in [203Hg]methylmercury-preloaded cells by exposure to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene or diethyl maleate decreased the rate of [203Hg]methylmercury efflux. Incubation of [203Hg]methylmercury-preloaded cells with high concentrations of S-methylglutathione, S-ethylglutathione, S-butylglutathione, and sulfobromophthalein-glutathione inhibited [203Hg]methylmercury efflux. The GSH analogs gamma-glutamylglycylglycine and ophthalmic acid also inhibited [203Hg]methylmercury efflux, but to a lesser degree than the glutathione S-conjugates, whereas L-leucine, L-methionine, and L-alanine had no effect. Efflux was not affected by depletion of intracellular ATP with 2-deoxyglucose or antimycin A. These results indicate that complexation with GSH and subsequent transport of the complex by an ATP-independent mechanism may be involved in the transport of methylmercury out of brain capillary endothelial cells.
Digestive Stability in the Context of Assessing the Potential Allergenicity of Food Proteins (2002)

(2002). Digestive Stability in the Context of Assessing the Potential Allergenicity of Food Proteins. Comments on Toxicology: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 271-285.
Retrospective essay on nonlinearities in aircraft flight control (1991)

Preface and Introduction F years ago the structures of a linearized theory of servomechanisms and a linearized theory of aircraft dynamics were substantially complete. Combination and extension of the two subjects, accumulation of favorable experimental evidence, an increased general understanding, and the continuing challenge of complex and stringent requirements have made aircraft flight control a useful predictive science and a recognized engineering specialty. This much is no news to readers of the Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics. Before we begin to congratulate ourselves, however, the editors have thought it appropriate to reflect on the perennial question from the floor: What about nonliriearities? The question is often facile and impertinent. A considered response is, of necessity, complicated, extensive but not comprehensive, and invariably controversial. No general response is possible^ Nevertheless, we may hope that reconsideration of specific topics will elucidate the matter and we have been persuaded to make the attempt. Our approach is historical. No new research results are presented, but our interpretation may disturb the conventional wisdom. The earliest, more less successful, automatic flight control systems were highly nonlinear in their sensing and actuating elements (see Fig. 1, taken from Ref. 1). Analysis, however, was at that time disdained, and performance was achieved by cut and try methods. We have told elsewhere the story of the synthesis of the art of the tinker er-in vent or and the science of the theoretician in connection with aircraft flight control.' The confluence of techniques was well developed by about 1952.' This included the experimental and theoretical study of significant nonlinearities. But the litera-
Push or Pull? Proton Responsive Ligand Effects in Rhenium Tricarbonyl CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Catalysts (2015)

Proton responsive ligands offer control of catalytic reactions through modulation of pH-dependent properties, second coordination sphere stabilization of transition states, or by providing a local proton source for multiproton, multielectron reactions. Two fac-[Re(I)(α-diimine)(CO)3Cl] complexes with α-diimine = 4,4'- (or 6,6'-) dihydroxy-2,2'-bipyridine (4DHBP and 6DHBP) have been prepared and analyzed as electrocatalysts for the reduction of carbon dioxide. Consecutive electrochemical reduction of these complexes yields species identical to those obtained by chemical deprotonation. An energetically feasible mechanism for reductive deprotonation is proposed in which the bpy anion is doubly protonated followed by loss of H2 and 2H(+). Cyclic voltammetry reveals a two-electron, three-wave system owing to competing EEC and ECE pathways. The chemical step of the ECE pathway might be attributed to the reductive deprotonation but cannot be distinguished from chloride dissociation. The rate obtained by digital simulation is approximately 8 s(-1). Under CO2, these competing reactions generate a two-slope catalytic waveform with onset potential of -1.65 V vs Ag/AgCl. Reduction of CO2 to CO by the [Re(I)(4DHBP-2H(+))(CO)3](-) suggests the interaction of CO2 with the deprotonated species or a third reduction followed by catalysis. Conversely, the reduced form of [Re(6DHBP)(CO)3Cl] converts CO2 to CO with a single turnover.
Elimination of Obnoxious Gases in the Sulfate Pulping Process (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElimination of Obnoxious Gases in the Sulfate Pulping ProcessW. O. Gordon and E. E. CreitzCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1934, 26, 5, 565–567Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50293a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50293a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A statistical classification approach to question answering using Web data (2005)

In this paper we treat question answering (QA) as a classification problem. Our motivation is to build systems for many languages without the need for highly tuned linguistic modules. Consequently, word tokens and Web data are used extensively but no explicit linguistic knowledge is incorporated. A mathematical model for answer retrieval, answer classification and answer length prediction is derived. The TREC 2002 QA task is used for system development where 33% of questions are answered correctly. Performance is then evaluated on the factoid questions of the TREC 2003 QA task where 23% of questions were answered correctly, which would rank the system in the top 10 of contemporary QA systems on the same task
Anisotropic etching of Z-cut quartz (1993)

The etch rate in monocrystalline quartz depends on the crystalline orientation. Etch-rate diagrams for micromachining of monocrystalline quartz in, for instance, hydrofluoride-based etchants, are a necessity if one requires the best manufacturing conditions for an etched structure. In this paper we use the development of side-wall profiles in etched grooves, on a Z-cut quartz wafer, to produce two-dimensional etch diagrams. The etch conditions are eight combinations of temperature, from 22 degrees C to 80 degrees C, and etchant mixtures of HF and NH4F diluted in water.
Dynamic Graphics for Data Analysis (1987)

Dynamic graphical methods have two important properties: direct manipulation of graphical elements on a computer graphics screen and virtually instantaneous change of the elements. The data analyst takes an action through manual manipulation of an input device and something happens in real time on the screen. These computing capabilities provide a new medium for the invention of graphical methods for data analysis. A collection of such methods--identification, deletion, linking, brushing, scaling, rotation, and dynamic parameter control--is reviewed. Those who develop dynamic methods must deal with a number of computer hardware and software issues, because for a dynamic method to work there must be a sufficiently fast flow of information along the channel that starts with the analyst's input and ends with the changed graph. Furthermore, for a dynamic method to be useful, the visual and manual tasks must be easy to perform. Several computing issues dealing with speed and ease of use--system bandwidth, input and output devices, low-level algorithms, device independent graphics, and data analysis environments--are reviewed.
Phenylketonuria: Epitome of Human Biochemical Genetics (1980)

CURRENT knowledge of variants of phenylketonuria (PKU) originated largely in programs for neonatal screening and treatment. Accordingly, the structure of such programs is relevant to our discussion of the disease.7,16, 69 , 70 Different processes are required to achieve the goals of screening, follow-up, diagnosis, counseling, and treatment; therefore, different structures are required. Many of the reported pitfalls of PKU screening16 can be attributed to incomplete organization of integrated programs. Nowhere is the relevance and importance of structure in PKU-prevention programs more evident than in the process of diagnosis, since all cases of hyperphenylalaninemia that are identified by neonatal screening require specific and . . .
Effectiveness of social network sites for influencing consumer purchase decisions (2013)

The changing lifestyle and consumer preferences have made marketers to explore different mediums to reach the targeted customers. Social networking sites are the emerging platforms to communicate with the customers and influencing their purchase decisions. Product promotion through social media provides the advantages of viral marketing and electronic word of mouth at a very reasonable cost. This instrument need careful implementation because any negative feedback through network can spoil the brand image and in the longer run the profitability of the company. This study examines the empirical support for social networking sites as influencer to various stages of consumer purchase decision viz improvement in product knowledge, change in attitude towards the product, impulse to purchase the product and post purchase customer relationship. Regression analysis was performed to assess the dependency relationship between various stages of consumer purchase decision (dependent variables) and various forms of communication over social networking sites (independent variables). The results of data analysis provide the support for hypothesised positive relationship between communication over social networking sites and various stages of consumer purchase decision. The implications of this study’s findings for the future research and practice are described in the last section of this paper.
The Metallurgy, Behavior, and Application of the 18-Percent Nickel Maraging Steels (1968)

This report resulted from a survey of users and manufacturers of maraging steels, Government agencies, research institutions, and published literature. It presents the technical status of the 18-percent nickel maraging steels in detail and brings together a large body of knowledge with regard to the metallurgical and engineering aspects of maraging steels. Since such steels were first announced in 1959, they have become highly important in aerospace, defense, and industrial work. The requirements of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration have given impetus to their development, and research now underway is expected to result in further improvements and applicability. The NASA Office of Technology Utilization sponsored this report as part of its program to disseminate information on technological developments which appear to be useful for general industrial applications.
Direct Observations of the Metal−Ligand Bifunctional Addition Step in an Enantioselective Ketone Hydrogenation (2008)

The catalytic intermediate trans-[Ru((R)-BINAP)(H)2((R,R)-dpen)] (1) reacted on mixing with acetophenone in THF at -80 degrees C under approximately 2 atm H2 to generate the alkoxide trans-Ru((R)-BINAP)(H)((Ph)(Me)CHO)((R,R)-dpen) (6). Contrary to expectations, free Ru-amide and 1-phenylethanol were not the immediate products of this addition reaction. The addition reaction was reversible in THF. 2-Propanol prevents racemization of the alcohol product in THF solvent.
A General Method of Alkylation and Alkenylation Heterocycles (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA General Method of Alkylation and Alkenylation HeterocyclesEdward Taylor and Stephen MartinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 26, 8095–8102Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online23 July 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00833a601https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00833a601research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views605Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On Electronic Voltage Stabilizers (1939)

Voltage stabilizing circuits employing thermionic tubes can be classified into four groups, according to their derivation from (1) the transconductance bridge, (2) the amplification factor bridge, (3) the simple degenerative amplifier, and (4) combination circuits involving two or more of the foregoing classes or utilizing amplified control voltages. It is shown that the variational performance of a stabilizer is characterized by an internal output resistance and a stabilization ratio. The effect of source resistance on these performance parameters is discussed in the general case and expressions for these parameters are evaluated for ten stabilizer circuits, seven of which are original with the authors. All but two of the circuits can be adjusted to yield perfect stabilization and four have also a very low internal resistance. Glow discharge tubes are discussed as bias battery substitutes. A simple a.c. bridge technique which is convenient for the experimental determination of stabilizer performance under normal load conditions is described in an appendix.