gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of genes involved in retinoic acid biosynthesis in human gastric cancer (2013)

All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is the main biologically active metabolite of retinol (vitamin A) that is required for the regulation of processes such as embryogenesis, tissue differentiation, proliferation, and others. Multiple alcohol, retinol, and retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (ADHs, RDHs, and RALDHs), as well as aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) catalyze the biosynthesis of retinoic acid in humans. For many normal and neoplastic tissues, the key ATRA-synthesizing enzymes remain unknown. We identified ATRA-generating genes that are expressed in normal and malignant gastric tissues using the transcriptomic database analysis. Quantitative changes in the expression levels of these genes in gastric cancer were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Significant decreases in the mRNA levels of genes that encode the enzymes that catalyze the reversible oxidation/reduction of retinol and retinaldehyde (ADH4, ADH1B, ADH1C, RDHL, AKR1B10, AKR1B1, and RDH12), as well as the oxidation of retinaldehyde (RALDH1) were revealed in most tumor samples. A sharp reduction in the expression levels of genes encoding the key enzymes that convert retinol and retinaldehyde to retinoic acid could lead to a significant decrease in the content of ATRA, the transcriptional regulator of many genes, which can in turn lead to the dysregulation of cell proliferation/differentiation and initiate the development of cancer.
Mechanisms of Cell Protection by Heme Oxygenase-1 (2010)

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into equimolar amounts of Fe(2+), carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive HO-1 isoenzyme affords protection against programmed cell death. The mechanism underlying this cytoprotective effect relies on the ability of HO-1 to catabolize free heme and prevent it from sensitizing cells to undergo programmed cell death. This cytoprotective effect inhibits the pathogenesis of a variety of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
CIGSeS thin film solar cell research and development at the Florida Solar Energy Center (2007)

Research and development of CuIn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2-y</sub> S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> (CIGSeS) thin film solar cells on various types of substrates and techniques is being carried out at the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) Photovoltaics Materials Laboratory (PV Mat Lab) since 1990. Excellent facilities have been developed over the years for the preparation of the copper chalcogenide thin film solar cells. Highly efficient, CIGSeS thin film solar cells are being prepared and analyzed. This paper presents the facilities and research activities that have led to the preparation of highly efficient CIGSeS thin film solar cells.
Speech denoising by Adaptive Weighted Average filtering in the EMD framework (2008)

This paper introduces a new speech enhancement method, which combines Adaptive Center Weighted Average (ACWA) filter with Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Both ACWA and EMD operate in the time domain. The ACWA filter is advantageous as it operates adaptively in the time domain and does not require the stationarity and the whiteness of the signals. Thanks to the data driven decomposition of the EMD, the application of the ACWA filter on the IMFs gives better results than the ACWA filtering of the noisy signal. The proposed EMD-ACWA denoising method is applied to noisy speech signal with different noise levels and the results are compared to those obtained by two different denoising methods: wavelet thresholds and ACWA filtering. A significant superiority of the EMD-ACWA method over the two others is shown in white noisy contexts as well as in correlated noisy ones.
Premature nonsense codons decrease the stability of phytohemagglutinin mRNA in a position‐dependent manner (1996)

Premature termination of translation has often been associated with decreased mRNA accumulation in plants, but the affected step in gene expression has not been identified. To investigate this problem, the expression of wild-type and mutant alleles of the bean phytohemagglutinin (PHA) gene has been examined in tobacco cells and transgenic plants. Measurement of mRNA decay rates in stably transformed cell lines demonstrated that premature nonsense codons markedly destabilized the mRNA. This decreased stability was also reflected by decreased accumulation of transcripts containing premature nonsense codons in transgenic plants. The positional dependence of the nonsense codon effect was evaluated by introducing premature nonsense codons at different distances from the PHA AUG start codon. Transcripts with nonsense codons about 20, 40 or 60% of the way through the normal PHA coding region yielded highly unstable mRNAs, whereas a transcript with a nonsense codon at 80% was as stable as wild-type. The ability to recognize and rapidly degrade certain transcripts with early nonsense codons could provide plant cells with a means to minimize the production of wasteful and possible deleterious truncated proteins.
Development of a multistage air sampler for mercury (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment of a multistage air sampler for mercuryPatricio E. Trujillo and Evan E. CampbellCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 9, 1629–1634Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60359a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60359a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wood ash use in forestry - a review of the environmental impacts (2006)

The use of wood fuel for energy production in the UK is set to increase in the near future as part of a government commitment to increase renewable sources to 10 per cent by 2010. The ash generated as a by-product of combustion, whether for heat or power generation, has potential use as a fertilizer in forest systems. This review assesses the available information on factors affecting the quality of the ash and environmental implications arising from its application. The key determinants of wood ash chemistry are the tree species combusted, the nature of the burn process and the conditions at the application site. Wood ash from hardwood species produces higher levels of macronutrients in their ash than conifers, and the silica content is frequently lower. A furnace temperature between 500 and 900°C is critical to the retention of nutrients, particularly potassium, and determines the concentrations of potentially toxic metals including aluminium in the ash. Fly ash, the lightest component that accumulates in the flue system, can contain high concentrations of cadmium, copper, chromium, lead and arsenic and this ash should not be used as fertilizer. The form of the ash at application is important, with loose ash releasing Ca, K and Na more rapidly than granulated ash. Heavy metal, radionuclide and dioxin contamination of wood ash-based fertilizers is minimal and unlikely to affect ecosystem function. The effects of wood ash are primarily governed by application rate and soil type. The benefits are maximized at low dose rates, with possible toxicity from applications in excess of 10 t ha-1. For most forest sites, a single wood ash application per rotation could replace all the nutrients lost after whole-tree harvesting (excepting N). Long-lasting positive effects on tree growth have been observed on shallow peats, in which the humus is slowly mineralized in response to elevated pH and increased nutrient availability. In contrast, wood ash application to podzols is only effective in enhancing tree growth when nitrogen availability is non-limiting. To date, published research of wood ash effects on trees growing in clays and loams is minimal. A lag time for positive tree responses to wood ash application is often observed, and may be the result of phosphorous limitation at higher soil pH. The greatest reported adverse ecological effects are to acidophilic ecosystems, particularly the constituent bryophyte, soil bacteria and ectomycorrhizal communities.
Distinct Trajectories of Perinatal Depressive Symptomatology: Evidence From Growth Mixture Modeling (2008)

Although heterogeneity in the timing and persistence of maternal depressive symptomatology has implications for screening and treatment as well as associated maternal and child health outcomes, little is known about this variability. A prospective observational study of 1,735 low-income, multiethnic, inner-city women recruited in pregnancy from 2000 to 2002 and followed prospectively until 2004 (1 prenatal and 3 postpartum interviews) was used to determine whether distinct trajectories of depressive symptomatology can be defined from pregnancy through 2 years postpartum. Analysis was carried out through general growth mixture modeling. A model with 5 trajectory classes characterized the heterogeneity seen in the timing and magnitude of depressive symptoms among the study participants from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. These classes included the following: 1) always or chronic depressive symptomatology (7%); 2) antepartum only (6%); 3) postpartum, which resolves after the first year postpartum (9%); 4) late, present at 25 months postpartum (7%); and 5) never having depressive symptomatology (71%). Women in these trajectory classes differed in demographic (nativity, education, race, parity) health, health behavior, and psychosocial characteristics (ambivalence about pregnancy and high objective stress). This heterogeneity should be considered in maternal depression programs. Additional research is needed to determine the association of these trajectory classes with maternal and child health outcomes.
Modeling of dielectric breakdown-induced time-dependent STT-MRAM performance degradation (2011)

In recent years, spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) has gained a lot of interest as a promising memory candidate for future embedded applications. STT-MRAM possesses desirable memory attributes such as excellent readability, writability, stability, non-volatility, and unlimited endurance. Moreover, ITRS reports that STT-MRAM can endure 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> cycle operations before breakdown thus meeting 10 yrs life-time. As shown in Fig. 1, STT-MRAM bitcell consists of one access transistor and one magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) (1T-1R). One of the primary reliability concerns in STT-MRAM is the dielectric breakdown of the tunnel junction MgO in the MTJ known as time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB). The thickness of MgO is on the order of 1nm and the voltage across the MTJ during write operation is approximately 0.7V resulting in electric field of ~10MV/cm across it which can induce TDDB. Thus, such high stress conditions can lead to lower breakdown time (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BD</sub> ) which can go even lower with further MgO thickness scaling. In addition to the hard breakdown (HBD) in MTJ which results in very low MTJ impedance and inability to function as memory, experimental results show that soft breakdowns (SBD) also exists. SBDs cause minor degradation in the MTJ resistance and they have shorter average time to appear compared to HBDs. In this paper, we explore in detail the physical mechanism behind both HBD and SBD, and using percolation model we estimate the time dependent degradation in the MTJ performance parameters such as tunneling magneto-resistance (TMR), write current (J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> ), write-time (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">WR</sub> ) and lifetime (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LIFE</sub> ).
SAW Device Beyond 5 GHz (2000)

Here we describe recent high frequency SAW technology based on ultra-fine fabrication techniques using electron beam (EB) exposure direct writing and low-loss wide-band filter applications beyond 5 GHz. We especially consider the propagation property of SAWs in the 10 GHz range, which is important for low-loss characteristics, the fabrication technology, and some examples of low-loss filters using unidirectional transducers and ladder type SAW filters.
Interleukin 6 as a marker of depression in women with sleep apnea (2020)

Depression is common in women with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but objective markers of depression have not yet been explored in such patients. We hypothesized that inflammation and antioxidant biomarkers may be associated with depression in a cohort of OSA women. We conducted a multicentre, cross-sectional study in 247 women diagnosed with moderate-to-severe OSA. Depression was assessed by the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire (HAD-D) and defined as a score ≥11. Associations between tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plasma levels and depression were assessed. The women had a median (25th-75th percentiles) age of 58 (51-65) years, body mass index (BMI) of 33.5 (29.0-38.3) Kg/m<sup>2</sup> , Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score of 10 (6-13) and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 33.3 (22.8-49.3). Logistic regression analyses revealed that only IL6 levels were associated with the presence of depression (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.34), whereas linear regression further confirmed that IL6 levels were significantly associated with HAD-D scores (β = .154; 95% CI, 0.03-0.30). Multivariate regression analysis showed that IL6 (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09-1.36), ESS (OR, 1.10; 95% CI 1.02-1.19) and physical activity <30 min/day (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.25-5.05) were independent predictors of depression. Thus, we conclude that in a cohort of women with moderate-to-severe OSA, IL6 levels are independently associated with the presence of depression and correlate with depression scores. Low physical activity and higher ESS scores are also independent indicators of risk of depression in this population.
The LIM domain gene <i>LMO4</i> inhibits differentiation of mammary epithelial cells <i>in vitro</i> and is overexpressed in breast cancer (2001)

LMO4 belongs to a family of LIM-only transcriptional regulators, the first two members of which are oncoproteins in acute T cell leukemia. We have explored a role for LMO4, initially described as a human breast tumor autoantigen, in developing mammary epithelium and breast oncogenesis. Lmo4 was expressed predominantly in the lobuloalveoli of the mammary gland during pregnancy. Consistent with a role in proliferation, forced expression of this gene inhibited differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. Overexpression of LMO4 mRNA was observed in 5 of 10 human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, in situ hybridization analysis of 177 primary invasive breast carcinomas revealed overexpression of LMO4 in 56% of specimens. Immunohistochemistry confirmed overexpression in a high percentage (62%) of tumors. These studies imply a role for LMO4 in maintaining proliferation of mammary epithelium and suggest that deregulation of this gene may contribute to breast tumorigenesis.
Radon transform and bandwidth compression (1983)

A bandwidth-compression scheme for two-dimensional data is presented that incorporates the Radon transform. There are three advantages to this approach: only one-dimensional operations are required, the dynamic range requirements of the compression are reduced by a filtering step associated with the inverse Radon transform, and the technique is readily adaptive to the data structure. A rectilinear object is compressed to demonstrate the algorithm.
A programmable flying‐spot microscope and picture preprocessor (1976)

SUMMARY A description is given of a system comprising a general purpose computer (PDP‐8E) and a special purpose computer controlling a flying‐spot microscope. Under program control, the system extracts data from a field of view on the microscope slide. Various operating features of the system are detailed and a general account is given of its design and construction. Experience of using the system is briefly discussed.
Fully Integrated Biochip Platforms for Advanced Healthcare (2012)

Recent advances in microelectronics and biosensors are enabling developments of innovative biochips for advanced healthcare by providing fully integrated platforms for continuous monitoring of a large set of human disease biomarkers. Continuous monitoring of several human metabolites can be addressed by using fully integrated and minimally invasive devices located in the sub-cutis, typically in the peritoneal region. This extends the techniques of continuous monitoring of glucose currently being pursued with diabetic patients. However, several issues have to be considered in order to succeed in developing fully integrated and minimally invasive implantable devices. These innovative devices require a high-degree of integration, minimal invasive surgery, long-term biocompatibility, security and privacy in data transmission, high reliability, high reproducibility, high specificity, low detection limit and high sensitivity. Recent advances in the field have already proposed possible solutions for several of these issues. The aim of the present paper is to present a broad spectrum of recent results and to propose future directions of development in order to obtain fully implantable systems for the continuous monitoring of the human metabolism in advanced healthcare applications.
Quantum computing using dissipation (2003)

The principal obstacle to quantum information processing with many qubits is decoherence. One source of decoherence is spontaneous emission which causes loss of energy and information. Inability to control system parameters with high precision is another possible source of error. As a solution we propose quantum computing experiments using dissipation based on an environment-induced quantum Zeno effect. As an example we present a simple scheme for quantum gate implementations with cold trapped ions in the presence of cooling.
A tutorial on multivariate calibration in atomic spectrometry techniques (2007)

Coupling multivariate regression methods to atomic spectrometry is an emerging field from which important advantages can be obtained. These include lower workloads, increased laboratory turnarounds, economy, higher efficiency in method development, and relatively simple ways to take account of complex interferences. In this paper four typical regression methods (ordinary multiple linear regression, principal components regression, partial least squares and artificial neural networks) are presented in a practice-oriented way. The main emphasis is placed on explaining their advantages, drawbacks, how to solve the latter and how atomic spectrometry can benefit from multivariate regression. Finally, a retrospective review considering the last sixteen years is made to present practical applications on: flame-, hydride generation-, electrothermal-atomic absorption spectrometry; inductively coupled plasma spectrometry and laser-induced breakdown spectrometry.
Differential detection via the Viterbi algorithm for offset modulation and MSK-type signals (1992)

The differentially coherent reception of two families of constant-envelope signals, the linear offset quaternary phase shift keying and the binary partial response continuous phase modulation with index 0.5, is addressed. When the conventional (PSK-type) differentially coherent detector is used, a large performance degradation, compared with that of coherent receiver, is observed. The reason for this is the presence of an inherent intersymbol interference (ISI) in the signal and also noise enhancement and correlation introduced by the receiver filter. A differential detection strategy which compensates for ISI and avoids noise enhancement is presented. A phase estimate that takes into account the presence of the inherent ISI is derived. This phase estimate is then used in the decision metric of a coherent receiver. The resulting decision rule can be implemented using the Viterbi algorithm. Simple Viterbi receivers with good performance are obtained. Simulation results are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mr Mbeki please give us our grand vision (2006)

Extracted from text ... 6 Management Today April 2006 
Mr Mbeki please give us our 
grand vision 
N Guy Lundy is a futurist, strategy consultant and professional 
speaker. He has co-authored the book, South Africa: Reasons 
to Believe! and co-edited the book, South Africa 2014: The 
Story of our Future. 
Lundy may be contacted on (021) 686-0287 or via e-mail at 
jhprange@iafrica.com. 
Now that the dust has settled over yet another successful election 
and political parties have stopped bombarding us with promises 
of what they will do for us in the very short term of the next 
five years, I believe that it ..