gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Volumetric Lidar Scanning of Wind Turbine Wakes under Convective and Neutral Atmospheric Stability Regimes (2014)

Abstract Optimization of a wind farm’s layout is a strategic task to reduce wake effects on downstream turbines, thus maximizing wind power harvesting. However, downstream evolution and recovery of each wind turbine wake are strongly affected by the characteristics of the incoming atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flow, such as the vertical profiles of the mean wind velocity and the turbulence intensity, which are in turn affected by the ABL thermal stability. Therefore, the characterization of the variability of wind turbine wakes under different ABL stability regimes becomes fundamental to better predict wind power harvesting and to improve wind farm efficiency. To this aim, wind velocity measurements of the wake produced by a 2-MW Enercon E-70 wind turbine were performed with three scanning Doppler wind lidars. One lidar was devoted to the characterization of the incoming wind—in particular, wind velocity, shear, and turbulence intensity at the height of the rotor disc. The other two lidars performed volumetric scans of the wind turbine wake under different atmospheric conditions. Through the evaluation of the minimum wake velocity deficit as a function of the downstream distance, it is shown that the ABL stability regime has a significant effect on the wake evolution; in particular, the wake recovers faster under convective conditions. This result suggests that atmospheric inflow conditions, and particularly thermal stability, should be considered for improved wake models and predictions of wind power harvesting.
Crystal Structure of ORF210 from E. coli O157:H1 Phage CBA120 (TSP1), a Putative Tailspike Protein (2014)

Bacteriophage tailspike proteins act as primary receptors, often possessing endoglycosidase activity toward bacterial lipopolysaccharides or other exopolysaccharides, which enable phage absorption and subsequent DNA injection into the host. Phage CBA120, a contractile long-tailed Viunalikevirus phage infects the virulent Escherichia coli O157:H7. This phage encodes four putative tailspike proteins exhibiting little amino acid sequence identity, whose biological roles and substrate specificities are unknown. Here we focus on the first tailspike, TSP1, encoded by the orf210 gene. We have discovered that TSP1 is resistant to protease degradation, exhibits high thermal stability, but does not cleave the O157 antigen. An immune-dot blot has shown that TSP1 binds strongly to non-O157:H7 E. coli cells and more weakly to K. pneumoniae cells, but exhibits little binding to E. coli O157:H7 strains. To facilitate structure-function studies, we have determined the crystal structure of TSP1 to a resolution limit of 1.8 Å. Similar to other tailspikes proteins, TSP1 assembles into elongated homotrimers. The receptor binding region of each subunit adopts a right-handed parallel β helix, reminiscent yet not identical to several known tailspike structures. The structure of the N-terminal domain that binds to the virion particle has not been seen previously. Potential endoglycosidase catalytic sites at the three subunit interfaces contain two adjacent glutamic acids, unlike any catalytic machinery observed in other tailspikes. To identify potential sugar binding sites, the crystal structures of TSP1 in complexes with glucose, α-maltose, or α-lactose were determined. These structures revealed that each sugar binds in a different location and none of the environments appears consistent with an endoglycosidase catalytic site. Such sites may serve to bind sugar units of a yet to be identified bacterial exopolysaccharide.
Barrier-enabled IO stack for flash storage (2018)

This work is dedicated to eliminating the overhead required for guaranteeing the storage order in the modern IO stack. The existing block device adopts a prohibitively expensive approach in ensuring the storage order among write requests: interleaving the write requests with Transfer-and-Flush. Exploiting the cache barrier command for Flash storage, we overhaul the IO scheduler, the dispatch module, and the filesystem so that these layers are orchestrated to preserve the ordering condition imposed by the application with which the associated data blocks are made durable. The key ingredients of Barrier-Enabled IO stack are Epoch-based IO scheduling, Order-Preserving Dispatch, and Dual-Mode Journaling. Barrier-enabled IO stack can control the storage order without Transfer-and-Flush overhead. We implement the barrier-enabled IO stack in server as well as in mobile platforms. SQLite performance increases by 270% and 75%, in server and in smartphone, respectively. In a server storage, BarrierFS brings as much as by 43x and by 73x performance gain in MySQL and SQLite, respectively, against EXT4 via relaxing the durability of a transaction.
Estrogen Receptors in Brain Tumors (1984)

We examined the cytosolic estrogen receptor (ER) level in tumor tissue from 77 patients: 36 meningiomas, 20 gliomas (12 glioblastomas, 2 cerebellar astrocytomas, 2 ependymomas, and 4 medulloblastomas), 8 neurinomas, 7 pituitary adenomas (2 prolactin-producing adenomas, 1 growth hormone-producing adenoma, and 4 nonfunctioning adenomas), and 6 metastatic brain tumors (1 from breast cancer, 4 from lung cancers, and 1 from colon cancer). Nuclear ER levels were assayed in 11 meningiomas and 2 glioblastomas. ER was determined by the dextran-coated charcoal method and calculated by Scatchard analysis. Cytosolic ER was detected in 100% of the pituitary adenomas, 50% of the meningiomas, 50% of the metastatic brain tumors, 25% of the neurinomas, and 15% of the gliomas. In gliomas, only medulloblastomas had ER activity. Nuclear ER was found in three premenopausal women with meningioma. The dissociation constant of the ER complex was, in each case, less than 10(-9) M. These observations suggest that some brain tumors may be responsive to estrogen via the cellular ER.
Titanocene as an intermediate in reactions involving molecular hydrogen and nitrogen (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTitanocene as an intermediate in reactions involving molecular hydrogen and nitrogenJohn E. Bercaw, Robert H. Marvich, Larry G. Bell, and Hans H. BrintzingerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 4, 1219–1238Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00759a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00759a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1921Altmetric-Citations318LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 5.0-kD Heparin Fraction Systemically Suppresses VEGF<sub>165</sub>-Mediated Angiogenesis (1997)

The systemic effect of heparin fractions with mean molecular masses of 2.5, 5.0 and 16.4 kD on angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor isoform 165 was studied using the truly quantitative rat mesenteric-window angiogenesis assay. The angiogenic treatment with 5 ml of VEGF165 at 480 pM was given intraperitoneally on days 0-4 and heparin fractions were given subcutaneously on days 0-13; animals were sacrificed on day 14. As the overlaps between the molecular mass distributions of the three fractions were relatively small, they essentially represent three different populations of heparin molecules. The doses of the heparins given were equal in terms of weight, but different in terms of the number of molecules and biologic activity. Angiogenesis was assessed in terms of vascularized area (VA), a measurement of microvascular spatial extension, and microvascular length (MVL), a measurement of microvascular density, using technically independent variables and image analysis. The total microvascular length was computed from VA x MVL. Treatment with the 5.0-kD fraction suppressed angiogenesis significantly in statistical terms compared with treatment with 2.5- and 16.4-kD heparins and the saline in controls. Interestingly, the 2.5-kD heparin fraction which was used here has previously been shown statistically significantly to suppress angiogenesis mediated by basic fibroblast growth factor in the same experimental system. Our data thus suggest that the systemic angiosuppressive effect of heparin in different mammalian angiogenic reactions is distinctly related to structural features such as molecular size.
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging of Microstructural Alterations in the Brains of Paediatric Patients with Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss (2017)

Our aim was to assess microstructural alterations in the cerebrums of paediatric patients with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). Seventy-two paediatric SNHL patients and 38 age-matched healthy volunteers were examined via DKI using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance (MR) imager. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean kurtosis (MK) values were computed for 12 cerebral regions in both the controls and the SNHL patients. Compared with patients below age 3, patients in the older age group were found to have more significant differences in MK than in FA, and these appeared in more major areas of the brain. In contrast, in 1- to 3-year-old children, a few major brain areas exhibited differences in FA, but none exhibited appreciable differences in MK. There were significant decreases in the FA or MK values (P < 0.05, all) in more areas of the brain in patients with lesions than in patients with normal-appearing brains. DKI offers comprehensive measurements for quantitative evaluation of age-related microstructural changes in both white and grey matter in SNHL patients. DKI scans of children with SNHL exhibiting significant decreases in MK might play an important role in evaluating the severity of developmental delay.
Visualization of Simulated Urban Spaces: Inferring Parameterized Generation of Streets, Parcels, and Aerial Imagery (2008)

Urban simulation models and their visualization are used to help regional planning agencies evaluate alternative transportation investments, land use regulations, and environmental protection policies. Typical urban simulations provide spatially distributed data about number of inhabitants, land prices, traffic, and other variables. In this article, we build on a synergy of urban simulation, urban visualization, and computer graphics to automatically infer an urban layout for any time step of the simulation sequence. In addition to standard visualization tools, our method gathers data of the original street network, parcels, and aerial imagery and uses the available simulation results to infer changes to the original urban layout and produce a new and plausible layout for the simulation results. In contrast with previous work, our approach automatically updates the layout based on changes in the simulation data and thus can scale to a large simulation over many years. The method in this article offers a substantial step forward in building integrated visualization and behavioral simulation systems for use in community visioning, planning, and policy analysis. We demonstrate our method on several real cases using a 200 GB database for a 16,300 km2 area surrounding Seattle.
WLAN hot spots to increase UMTS capacity (2010)

The seamless integration of heterogeneous wireless access networks is currently one of the issues of major interest in the field of telecommunication systems. In an early future technologies like UMTS, WLAN and WiMAX will give broadband access to users that perform their voice/video calls or data sessions without knowledge of the specific technology their terminals are using, following the paradigm of always best connected. In this scenario, UMTS and WLAN integration has a primary role, due to the coverage of cellular systems and the low cost of the latter technology. This work, in particular, focuses on the gain in terms of capacity that the deployment of WLAN access points allows in an area fully covered by an UMTS network, assuming that the radio resources are not managed by complex multi radio resource management algorithms. For this scope a real scenario is accurately simulated and the end users perception is evaluated taking care of all aspects related to each level of the protocol stack, with particular attention to radio propagation.
Directions in active networks (1998)

Active networks represent a significant step in the evolution of packet-switched networks, from traditional packet-forwarding engines to more general functionality supporting dynamic control and modification of network behavior. However, the phrase "active network" means different things to different people. This article introduces a model and nomenclature for talking about active networks, describes some possible approaches in terms of that nomenclature, and presents various aspects of the architecture being developed in the DARPA-funded active networks program. Potential applications of active networks are highlighted, along with some of the challenges that must be overcome to make them a reality.
[Effects of cardioplegia with tetrodotoxin on intracellular sodium overload of ischemia/reperfusion cardiomyocytes]. (2009)

Contrast depolarized cardioplegia solution, TTX cardioplegia solution could alleviate ischemia reperfusion injury and intracellular Na+ overload of cardiomyocytes.
Human Growth Hormone Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid (1970)

Nine patients with uncomplicated acromegaly showed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) human growth hormone (HGH) to be 0.49±0.11 ng/ml (mean±sem) as compared to 8 control subjects whose values were extremely low (<0.09±0.01 ng/ml), with the majority below the sensitivity limit of the assay. Three other patients with suprasellar extension of the pituitary mass showed a 140- to 800-fold greater value of HGH in CSF as compared with the uncomplicated group. The invariably high levels of HGH in CSF in acromegaly, particularly associated with suprasellar extension of the pituitary mass, indicate that a large peptide hormone can cross the blood-CSF barrier. This measurement appears to have potential usefulness in the clinical evaluation of acromegalic patients.
Yolk transport in the ovarian follicle of the hen (<i>Gallus domesticus</i>): Lipoprotein-like particles at the periphery of the oocyte in the rapid growth phase (1979)

Thin sections of the oocyte periphery and surrounding granulosa layer from 1--5 day preovulatory follicles were examined by transmission electron microscopy. With the use of certain procedures in tissue preparation, notably the tannic acid method, numerous particles in the range of 15--40 nm with a mean diameter of 27 nm were observed in both extra- and intracellularly. The particles were abundant in the granulosa basal lamina, in the spaces between the granulosa cells and in the perivitelline space. They appeared to adhere to the oolemma as a continuous double layer which was also observed to line the coated vesicles, 200--350 nm in diameter, invaginating from the oolemma. The layer of particles was not found on the plasma membranes of the granulosa cells, nor were particles present within the cells. In the peripheral cytoplasm of the oocyte the yolk spheres, ranging upwards from 250 nm diameter, were membrane-bound and contained tightly packed particles similar to those on the oolemma. Bodies displaying features intermediate between coated vesicles and yolk spheres suggested that, on entry into the cell, loss of the cytoplasmic coat and obliteration of the vesicular lumen gave rise to nascent yolk spheres which then fused together to form the larger spheres. The extracellular layer, coated vesicles and smaller yolk spheres were absent in oocytes fixed after a 10-min delay. The evidence indicated that 27-nm particles were transferred from the basal lamina to the oocyte surface via the intergranulosa cell channels, incorporated into the cell by adsorptive endocytosis and then transferred to the yolk spheres with little morphological alteration. The identity of the particles with very low density lipoproteins, the major components of the yolk solids, was discussed.
A complete integrated NLG system using AI and NLU tools (2002)

A standard architecture for an NLG system has been defined in Their work describes the modularization of an NLG system and the tasks of each module. However, they do not indicate what kind of tools can be used by each module. Nevertheless, we believe that certain tools widely used by the AI or NLU community are appropriate for NLG tasks. This paper presents a complete integrated NLG system which uses a Description logic for the content determination module, Segmented Discourse Representation Theory for the document structuring module and a lexicalized formalism for the tactical component. The NLG system, which takes into account a user model, is illustrated with a generator which produces texts explaining the steps taken by a proof assistant.
Organic solar cells as high-speed data detectors for visible light communication (2015)

Funding: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (EP/I00243X, EP/K00042X/1, EP/K008757/1).
Assay for Transposase‐Accessible Chromatin Using Sequencing (ATAC‐seq) Data Analysis (2017)

The study of epigenetic properties of the human genome, including structural modifications of DNA and chromatin, has increased tremendously as mounting evidence has demonstrated how much epigenetics affects human gene expression. Buenrostro et al. have developed a rapid method, requiring low numbers of living cells as input, for examining chromatin accessibility across the epigenome, known as the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq). The overall goal of this unit is to provide a thorough ATAC-seq data analysis plan, as well as describe how primary human blood samples can be processed for use in ATAC-seq. In addition, a number of quality control parameters are discussed to ensure the integrity and confidence in the ATAC-seq data. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Doppler, Inertial, and Doppler-Inertial Techniques (1964)

the flight characteristics of the supersonic aircraft are such that strong recommendations have been made for self-contained, accurate navigation and flight stabilization equipment. This paper discusses three types of equipment that can supply the required information: Doppler radar navigation systems, inertial navigation systems, and combined Doppler-inertial navigation systems. A brief description of each type of system is given together with a summary of its significant performance capabilities. The actual system configuration selected for this aircraft should be the most economical and reliable configuration that supplies the required outputs with the required accuracy. This paper attempts to describe the performance capabilities of these systems to aid in the selection when the navigation and stabilization requirements have been firmly established.
Structure‐function analysis of the self‐recognizing Antigen 43 autotransporter protein from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2003)

Antigen 43 (Ag43) is a self-recognizing surface adhesin found in most Escherichia coli strains. Expression of Ag43 confers aggregation and fluffing of cells, promotes biofilm formation and is associated with enhanced resistance to antimicrobial agents. Ag43 is an autotransporter protein and consists of two moieties: a transporter, the beta-module, and a passenger domain, the alpha-module. Here we have employed various molecular approaches to probe structure/function aspects of Ag43. An entire family of Ag43 variants was identified. The gene encoding Ag43 (flu) was cloned from a diverse range of E. coli subtypes and found to encode variant proteins with different properties. Several novel variants were identified and characterized that were unable to promote cell-cell aggregation. By employing a combination of linker insertion mutagenesis and domain swapping between clumping and non-clumping variants, we have pinpointed the region of the protein responsible for autoaggregation to be located within the N-terminal one-third of the passenger domain. Our data suggest that ionic interactions between charged residues residing in interacting pairs of Ag43alpha domains may be important for the self-recognition process. Based on its similarity to other related proteins, we predict the passenger, Ag43alpha, domain primarily to consist of an extended beta-helix structure in which numerous repeats or rungs are stacked in parallel orientation in an extended cylindrical formation. Finally, we found that in spite of their different aggregative pattern all Ag43 variants promoted biofilm formation to abiotic surfaces.
An automatic drowning detection surveillance system for challenging outdoor pool environments (2003)

Automatically understanding events happening at a site is the ultimate goal of visual surveillance system. We investigate the challenges faced by automated surveillance systems operating in hostile conditions and demonstrate the developed algorithms via a system that detects water crises within highly dynamic aquatic environments. An efficient segmentation algorithm based on robust block-based background modelling and thresholding-with-hysteresis methodology enables swimmers to be reliably detected amid reflections, ripples, splashes and rapid lighting changes. Partial occlusions are resolved using a Markov Random Field framework that enhances the tracking capability of the system. Visual indicators of water crises are identified based on professional knowledge of water crises detection, based on which a set of swimmer descriptors has been defined. Through seamlessly fusing the extracted swimmer descriptors based on a novel functional link network, the system achieves promising results for water crises detection. The developed algorithms have been incorporated into a live system with robust performance for different hostile environments faced by an outdoor swimming pool.