gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current practices in the chemotherapeutic control of sea lice infestations in aquaculture: a review (1993)

Abstract. This review surveys the available literature on the efficacy and ecotoxicology of chemotherapeutic agents for the control of sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) infestations in marine aquaculture. To date, treatment for the disease has relied almost exclusively on the use of the organophosphorus pesticides, trichlorfon and dichlorvos. While use of dichlorvos and trichlorfon appears to have little, if any, environmental impact, protracted use in some areas has led to reduced efficacy. Compounds proposed for sea lice control currently under field evaluation include azamethiphos (organophosphate), ivermectin (avermectin), pyrethrum (pyrethrin) and hydrogen peroxide. Although all of these compounds are effi cacious, at present published information on marine environmental toxicology is scarce and is limited to in vitro toxicity testing. Other compounds that have been considered for sea lice control include formalin, malathion (organophosphate), carbaryl (carbamate), diflubenzuron (insect growth regulator) and natural remedies (i.e. onions and garlic). In general, formaldehyde (aldehyde), malathion and natural compounds show either poor efficacy or unsuitable therapeutic margins. Although carbaryl and diflubenzuron are both efficacious and exhibit suitable therapeutic margins, available data suggests that the compounds, due to undesirable environmental toxicological characteristics, would be unsuitable for sea lice control.
Materiales didácticos y currículum: elaboración, análisis y evaluación (1980)

Physical properties important for assessment of the potentials of emission computed tomography implemented by collimated detector systems include sensitivity, statistical and angular sampling requirements, attenuation compensation, resolution uniformity, and multisection design constraints. The limited angular range and sampling interval of coded aperture methods for longitudinal tomography impose severe limitations on quantitative imaging capabilities. These methods are discussed. Disadvantages of limited angular range are avoided by transverse section devices that have lower sensitivity than comparable positron devices. It is shown here, however, that the sensitivity for a single section device for head transverse section 2 cm thick can be congruent to 200 events sec-1 microCi-1 per axial cm for 2 x 2 cm resolution. This is 40% of that for a well-designed positron system of similar resolution. The problem of attenuation compensation for constant attenuation, as in brain imaging, is well understood and a fast algorithm of the convolution type gives excellent results if angular sampling is over 360 degrees. Though there is a need to move the single-photon detector array over wide angular distances for adequate sampling, dynamic ECT is possible for the measurement of biological washout kinetics of clinical importance, such as clearance studies in brain. Based on physical principles, experiences with low sensitivity devices, and the prospects for devices with sensitivity comparable to positron tomographs, single photon tomography has sound potentials for research and clinical studies of the adult brain and whole body in small subjects. Practical whole-body tomography in adults is limited to nonquantitative lesion detection.
Multicentre study evaluating the non-inferiority of the new paediatric formulation of artesunate/amodiaquine versus artemether/lumefantrine for the management of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children in Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Senegal (2012)

This study demonstrates the non-inferiority of AS+AQ versus AL, its efficacy and tolerance in the management of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in African children.
Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Tomato with rolB Gene Results in Enhancement of Fruit Quality and Foliar Resistance against Fungal Pathogens (2014)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the second most important cultivated crop next to potato, worldwide. Tomato serves as an important source of antioxidants in human diet. Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporum cause early blight and vascular wilt of tomato, respectively, resulting in severe crop losses. The foremost objective of the present study was to generate transgenic tomato plants with rolB gene and evaluate its effect on plant morphology, nutritional contents, yield and resistance against fungal infection. Tomato cv. Rio Grande was transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens harbouring rolB gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. rolB. Biochemical analyses showed considerable improvement in nutritional quality of transgenic tomato fruits as indicated by 62% increase in lycopene content, 225% in ascorbic acid content, 58% in total phenolics and 26% in free radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, rolB gene significantly improved the defence response of leaves of transgenic plants against two pathogenic fungal strains A. solani and F. oxysporum. Contrarily, transformed plants exhibited altered morphology and reduced fruit yield. In conclusion, rolB gene from A. rhizogenes can be used to generate transgenic tomato with increased nutritional contents of fruits as well as improved foliar tolerance against fungal pathogens.
KR-25003, a Potent Analgesic Capsaicinoid (1995)

The crystal structure of N-[3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)propyl] (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide, C20H25NO3, was determined to a final R value of 0.047. The vanilloid, amide and dimethylphenyl groups of the compound are nearly perpendicular with respect to one another. The overall conformation in the crystalline state is somewhat different from that of other capsaicinoids. The molecules are stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
Time order error in successive judgments and in reflexes. I. Inhibition of the judgment and the reflex. (1939)

This study deals with lid reflexes to paired tone stimuli and absolute judgments of these same tones. The four intensity values taken by the first stimulus (S 1) of the pair fell into geometrically increasing steps. The second stimulus (S 2) was of constant intensity. Two time intervals between stimuli were employed, 177 and 285 ms. With S 1 and S 2 equal, there is evidence of a positive time error in 3 out of 5 subjects at the 177 ms. interval, and 4 out of 5 at the 285 ms. interval. The error is greater at 177 ms. Although judgments of S 2 following all intensities of S 1 showed decrement, the amount varied. The judged intensities of the second stimulus of the pair (J 2) decreased as the intensity of the first stimulus increased. When the intensity of the first stimulus was greatest and equal to the second, the function tended to reverse, showing a decrease in decrement of J 2 although inhibition was still present. The amplitude of the lid reflex (R 2) showed a relationship to the first stimulus similar to that for J 2 except that the function was continuous with no reversal at the largest intensity. In both reactions the development of inhibition following weak intensities of S 1 tended to be delayed so that it continued to increase beyond 177 ms. and was greater at the longer time interval. At the largest intensities this never occurred, and the amount of inhibition was always smaller at the longer intervals. An attempt is made to organize the J 2 and R 2 data under generalizations which are supported by experimental observations of spinal reflexes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Flow-sensitive alias analysis with referred-set representation for Java (2000)

Alias analysis refers to the determination of objects that may be accessed by two or more names. Many alias analysis algorithms have been proposed for several programming languages. In this paper, we propose a flow-sensitive alias analysis algorithm for Java, an object-oriented language. This algorithm is more efficient and precise than previous algorithms for C++, another object-oriented language. For the efficiency, we define a referred-set representation of an alias that is proper for Java, while the conventional representations in C++ cause an inefficient analysis for Java. We also present a data-flow equation based on propagation rules for the referred-set. The equation computes alias information more efficiently and precisely by removing redundant alias information at a call statement. Finally, we propose our algorithm that uses an iterative looping method for an alias analysis with a structural traverse of a CFG to improve its efficiency.
Bias in disk drive rotary actuators: characterization, prediction, and compensation (1997)

This paper examines bias, which is the average torque (or current) required to maintain a set actuator position in a disk drive. In this paper, we show that in a disk drive the value of bias depends on several factors including the actuator position, the length of time at the set position, the direction of the actuator motion, the distance traveled by the actuator, the proximity of the set position to locations at which the actuator changed direction, and the proximity of the set position to locations at which the actuator rested. With an adequate prediction of bias, the settling time of a seek can be reduced by properly selecting the initial conditions of the track following controller at the handoff between track seek and track settle. Two prediction algorithms for bias are shown: one based on a series of calibration tests and one based on Dahl's friction model. A method for choosing the initial condition of the integrator of an integral action controller to minimize settling time based on the bias prediction is developed.
Solubilities of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Butyl Methyl Imidazolium Tetrafluoroborate as a Function of Temperature and at Pressures Close to Atmospheric Pressure (2003)

The measurements of the solubility of carbon dioxide and oxygen in a commonly used room temperature ionic liquid, butyl methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]), are reported as a function of temperature between 303 K and 343 K and at pressures close to atmospheric. A new experimental apparatus, based on a saturation method, is presented. The solubility is expressed in terms of molarities, mole fractions, and Henry's law coefficients. From their variation with temperature, the partial molar thermodynamic functions of solvation such as the standard Gibbs energy, the enthalpy, and the entropy are calculated. The precision of the experimental data, considered as the average absolute deviation of the Henry's law coefficients from appropriate smoothing equations, is 4% for oxygen and 3% for carbon dioxide.
Novel eye monitoring technique for detection of first order PMD (2005)

A new monitoring technique based on simple three-section eye-diagram sampling is proposed. It is used to identify and predict first order PMD and estimate the differential group delay. A high accuracy with error margin of <+/-10% was achieved.
Decreased Rate of Coronary Restenosis after Lowering of Plasma Homocysteine Levels (2001)

Treatment with a combination of folic acid, vitamin B12, and pyridoxine significantly reduces homocysteine levels and decreases the rate of restenosis and the need for revascularization of the target lesion after coronary angioplasty. This inexpensive treatment, which has minimal side effects, should be considered as adjunctive therapy for patients undergoing coronary angioplasty.
Textbook of Biodiversity (2003)

Biodiversity Science: Definition, Scope, and Constraints Genetic Diversity Species Diversity: Wild Taxa Agrobiodiversity and Cultivated Taxa Ecosystem Diversity Values and Uses of Biodiversity Loss of Biodiversity Conservation of Biodiversity Management of Plant Biodiversity Biodiversity and Biotechnology Biodiversity Prospecting and Indigenous Knowledge Systems
Phase Transitions and CO<sub>2</sub> Adsorption Properties of Polymeric Magnesium Formate (2008)

The solvothermal reaction of magnesium(II) salts with formic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide/H2O at 140 °C for 24 h afforded two different polymeric magnesium(II) formates, depending on the relative DMF/H2O content. A trigonal (space group R3̅c) anhydrous phase Mg(HCOO)2(HCOOH) ⊃ (CH3)2NH (1) is formed under “dilute” conditions, while the orthorhombic (space group Pbca) dihydrate Mg(HCOO)2·2H2O (2) is the main product when the water content is higher. When 2 is dehydrated at 300 °C and subsequently exposed to water vapors, a quasi-reversible phase transition was observed, leading to a different polymorph of the same species (2a, monoclinic, space group P21/c). The process was entirely followed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) at variable temperatures, and the same XRPD technique was used for structure solution and refinement of compound 2a. Finally, CO2 adsorption isotherms at ambient temperature were recorded for (preactivated) 2, in order to test it as greenhouse gas storage material. A (promising) maximum value of 1.32 wt% CO2 is stored under these conditions, but the plateau in the adsorption curve was not reached because of the higher carbon dioxide pressures required.
The Effects of Hydrogenation on Soybean Oil (2013)

Soybeans are very versatile, both as a food product and an ingredient in many industrial products. The oil produced by soybeans is contained within many foods we eat every day. Natural soybean oil contains several essential fatty acids that our body needs to work prop‐ erly, including linoleic and linolenic acids. However, much of the soybean oil consumed in many parts of the world has been partially hydrogenated; that is, it's chemical composition has been changed. This hydrogenation removes the necessary essential fatty acids contained within the original oil. Some of the partially hydrogenated soybean oil has been converted to trans fatty acids.
CD11b and CD11c antigens are rapidly increased on human natural killer cells upon activation (1991)

A brief incubation with PMA or other secretagogues has been reported to enhance the expression of C3 receptors on myeloid cells. We now observed increases up to threefold in the expression of the CD11b/CD18 Ag (CR3) and the CD11c/CD18 (CR4, p150,95) Ag after 30-min incubation with PMA on a subpopulation of PBL. The majority of these cells was CD56+ and CD16+. Isolated NK cells retained their ability to respond to PMA with increased CD11b and CD11c membrane Ag expression. Preincubation of the cells with cycloheximide did not abrogate the effects of PMA. Other membrane molecules on lymphocytes (CD11a, CD35, CD45, CD45R0, CD56) were not modulated by PMA. Purified C5a, FMLP, or LPS increased CR3 on myeloid cells but not on lymphocytes. In contrast, cell activation by K562 cells led to an augmentation of the CD11b Ag expression on CD56+ lymphocytes but not on other lymphocytes or monocytes. This increase was inhibitable by CD11a mAb. Rapid increases of CD11b and CD11c Ag on the membrane of NK cells may be of biologic significance because many functions have been attributed to these molecules.
The Use of Biosolids and Other Organic Substances in the Creation of Soil‐Forming Materials (2002)

Abstract This paper describes an experiment which was carried out at a landfill site in north Lincolnshire to investigate the use of biosolids and other organic materials in soil formation. The following organic amendments were incorporated into the surface of the on‐site geological clay to form ‘topsoil’treatments: (i) nil, (ii) biosolids (digested cake), (iii) waste peat/compost, and (iv) composted green waste. The biosolids were applied at a rate of 70 tDS/ha and all the organic materials were incorporated to a depth of 150 mm. The organic amendments reduced the topsoil bulk density and increased plant available water supply and soil water infiltration rates. Topsoil organic matter, total nitrogen and extractable phosphorus concentrations, biomass nitrogen, readily mineralisable organic nitrogen and soil respiration rates were also increased. Additionally, the biosolids application increased topsoil aggregate stability and soil surface strength.
Pressure responses of halide perovskites with various compositions, dimensionalities, and morphologies (2020)

Metal halide perovskites (HPVs) have been greatly developed over the last decade, with various compositions, dimensionalities, and morphologies, leading to an emergence of high-performance photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. Despite the tremendous progress made, challenges remain, which calls for a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms. Pressure, a thermodynamic variable, provides a powerful tool to tune materials’ structures and properties. In combination with in situ characterization methods, high-pressure research could provide a better fundamental understanding. In this review, we summarize the recent studies of the dramatic, pressure-induced changes that occur in HPVs, particularly the enhanced and emergent properties induced under high pressure and their structure-property relationships. We first introduce the characteristics of HPVs and the basic knowledge of high-pressure techniques, as well as in situ characterization methods. We then discuss the effects of pressure on HPVs with different compositions, dimensionalities, and morphologies, and underline their common features and anomalous behaviors. In the last section, we highlight the main challenges and provide suggestions for possible future research on high-pressure HPVs.
Polyelectrolytes as Coagulants and Coagulation Aids (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyelectrolytes as Coagulants and Coagulation AidsCarl E. JohnsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1956, 48, 6, 1080–1083Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50558a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50558a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Evaluation and treatment of endometriosis. (2013)

Endometriosis, which affects up to 10 percent of reproductive-aged women, is the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. It is more common in women with pelvic pain or infertility (25 to 40 percent and 70 to 90 percent, respectively). Some women with endometriosis are asymptomatic, whereas others present with symptoms such as debilitating pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and decreased fertility. Diagnosis of endometriosis in primary care is predominantly clinical. Initial treatment includes common agents used for primary dysmenorrhea, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, combination estrogen/progestin contraceptives, or progestin-only contraceptives. There is some evidence that these agents are helpful and have few adverse effects. Referral to a gynecologist is necessary if symptoms persist or the patient is unable to become pregnant. Laparoscopy is commonly used to confirm the diagnosis before additional treatments are pursued. Further treatments include gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues, danazol, or surgical removal of ectopic endometrial tissue. These interventions may control symptoms more effectively than initial treatments, but they can have significant adverse effects and limits on duration of therapy.
User Interfaces for voice applications (1994)

This paper discusses some of the aspects of task requirements, user expectations, and technological capabilities that influence the design of a voice interface and then identifies several components of user interfaces that are particularly critical in successful voice applications. Examples from several applications are provided to demonstrate how these components are used to produce effective voice interfaces.
Laser-excited immunofluorometric assay of prolactin, with use of antibodies coupled to lanthanide-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. (1986)

We describe an immunofluorometric assay for prolactin based on lanthanide labeling of a monoclonal antibody and measuring time-resolved fluorescence. In this "sandwich"-type assay, the label (Eu3+) was bound to the second antibody by means of a simple, rapid method involving the anhydride of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. To measure the photoluminescence of europium (or other lanthanides), we have developed a time-resolved fluorometer with a nitrogen laser as the pulsed excitation source. During the assay, the solid-phase antibody immobilized inside a polystyrene tube is incubated with the plasma sample and the second antibody in a one-step procedure. Results for 67 human plasmas correlated well (r = 0.98) with those by an immunoradiometric method.
Demonstration of enzyme activities required for cap structure formation in infectious bursal disease virus, a member of the birnavirus group (1990)

The putative viral transcriptase p90 in infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was shown to form an enzyme-guanylate intermediate which is indicative of guanylyl-transferase activity. The p90-nucleotide bond is most likely to be a phosphodiester linkage, as it resisted treatment with HCl and NH2OH but was sensitive to NaOH. This is in contrast to phosphoamide bonds formed by reovirus cores. Methyltransferase activity was also demonstrated in IBDV, and is closely associated with transcription, suggesting that p90 may be a multifunctional enzyme.