gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Direct Carburization of WC form the Mixture lf WO3 and Carbon (1975)

The reason why WC powder of good quality cannot be obtained by the process of heating the WO3 and C mixture in H2 was examined by simple experiments. The authors obtained the following conclusions so that the 2 stage-carburization was adequate to solve the problem.1) The reduction by H2 occurs preferentially to the reduction by C when the mixture of WO3 and C is heated in H2.2) The H2O formed by the reaction of WO3+H2 reacted with carbon at the reacting zone. The quantity of the H2O depends upon both the way of charging and heating conditions, affecting the carbon content of WC.3) WC crystals of abnormal shape were found when the coarse WO3 powder was used. The reason was discussed.4) The WC powder of good quality was obtained when the H2O was either completely removed or not formed and when fine WO3 powder was used.
Oxides, Hydroxides, and Aluminosilicates (1986)

Free oxides and hydroxides of soils include crystalline and non-crystalline compounds of silicon, aluminum, iron, titanium and manganese. Coarser particles in the sand and silt fractions can be counted by petrographic methods. Quartz and cristobalite can be isolated in monomineralic form, weighed, and analyzed, by for example, the mass spectrometric method for oxygen isotopic ratio. This chapter presents the Na2S207-H2SiF6 method for quartz, cristobalite, and feldspar isolation and the acid ammonium oxalate extraction in the dark (AOD), for noncrystalline aluminosilicates. It discusses the citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite method for crystalline hematite and goethite and associated Al, Si, and Mn, and reviews the selective dissolution methods for poorly crystalline and/or fine aluminosilicates. The chapter describes the cation exchange methods for smectite and vermiculite and exchange-capacity hysteresis for non-crystalline clays and the H2TiF6 method for anatase and rutile isolation.
Three-dimensional hydrogel cultures for modeling changes in tissue impedance around microfabricated neural probes (2007)

One limitation to the use of neuroprosthestic devices for chronic application, in the treatment of disease, is the reactive cell responses that occur surrounding the device after insertion. These cell and tissue responses result in increases in device impedance and failure of the device to interact with target populations of neurons. However, few tools are available to assess which components of the reactive response contribute most to changes in tissue impedance. An in vitro culture system has been developed that is capable of assessing individual components of the reactive response. The system utilizes alginate cell encapsulation to construct three-dimensional architectures that approach the cell densities found in rat cortex. The system was constructed around neuroNexus acute probes with on-board circuitry capable of monitoring the electrical properties of the surrounding tissue. This study demonstrates the utility of the system by demonstrating that differences in cell density within the three-dimensional alginate constructs result in differences in resistance and capacitance as measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We propose that this system can be used to model components of the reactive responses in brain tissue, and that the measurements recorded in vitro are comparable to measurements recorded in vivo.
Thickness Dependence of Characteristics for (Ba, Sr)TiO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films Prepared by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (2000)

(Ba 0.6 , Sr 0.4 )TiO 3 thin films were prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using bisdipvaloylmethanatobarium tetraethylenepentamine adduct (Ba(C 11 H 19 O 2 ) 2 (C 8 H 23 N 5 ) 2 ), bisdipvaloylmethanatostrontium tetraethylenepentamine adduct (Sr(C 11 H 19 O 2 ) 2 (C 8 H 23 N 5 ) 2 ), and titanium isopropoxide (Ti( i -OC 3 H 7 ) 4 ) as starting materials. The thickness dependence of permittivity and other characteristics were investigated for epitaxially grown barium strontium titanate (BST) thin films on Pt(100)/MgO(100) substrates and nonepitaxially grown BST films on Pt(111)/MgO(100) substrates. The epitaxially grown films had a high relative permittivity (1200) at thicknesses greater than 120 nm. Permittivity decreased with the film thickness when the thickness was less than 120 nm, but remained constant at thicknesses between 50 and 80 nm. The nonepitaxially grown films had a relative permittivity of 600 at a thickness greater than 100 nm and decreased with decreasing film thickness when the thickness was below 100 nm. In this paper, the origin of thickness dependence is discussed in terms of the grain-size effect and the strain effect.
Feature shaping for linear SVM classifiers (2009)

Linear classifiers have been shown to be effective for many discrimination tasks. Irrespective of the learning algorithm itself, the final classifier has a weight to multiply by each feature. This suggests that ideally each input feature should be linearly correlated with the target variable (or anti-correlated), whereas raw features may be highly non-linear. In this paper, we attempt to re-shape each input feature so that it is appropriate to use with a linear weight and to scale the different features in proportion to their predictive value. We demonstrate that this pre-processing is beneficial for linear SVM classifiers on a large benchmark of text classification tasks as well as UCI datasets.
Pathogenesis of idiopathic macular holes (1997)

An improvement in our understanding of the pathogenesis and natural history of idiopathic macular holes over the last 10 years has led to a more optimistic and interventionist approach to the surgical management of this vitreoretinal disorder. This article reviews the theories postulated for the pathogenesis of this condition and looks at recent work that has investigated the role of the vitreous, internal limiting membrane, and posterior vitreous detachment in the natural history of macular holes.
Technique for Aligning Laser Mirrors Using Gas Laser (1966)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. N. Everett; Technique for Aligning Laser Mirrors Using Gas Laser. Rev Sci Instrum 1 March 1966; 37 (3): 375. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1720188 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Soluble suppressor factors in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and its prodrome. Elaboration in vitro by T lymphocyte-adherent cell interactions. (1983)

Supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from certain patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or its prodrome were capable of depressing spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen-driven B lymphocyte differentiation into plasmacytes, and the proliferative responses of T cells to specific antigen. These soluble suppressor factors (SSF) were present in uniquely high concentrations, with significant differences from healthy controls and from patients with various other conditions previously associated with factor-mediated immunosuppression. T cell-independent functions were not modified by SSF. Suppression was not genetically constrained, and did not appear to be mediated by cytotoxicity, prostaglandin, or alpha or gamma interferons. SSF was a product of the interaction of T lymphocytes with adherent cells. T cells or T cell factors from AIDS patients, but not from normal controls, could collaborate with control adherent cells in the formation of SSF. Restoration of DNA synthesis-independent differentiation of B lymphocytes into plasmacytes in SSF-treated cultures was realized by addition of reducing agents, such as 2-mercaptoethanol, on culture initiation. These data suggest inhibitory mechanisms possibly related to that of concanavalin A-induced soluble immune response suppression, and perhaps offer clues to clinically applicable substances which are potentially capable of mitigating such responses.
Interaction between Bacteriophage DMS3 and Host CRISPR Region Inhibits Group Behaviors of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2008)

Bacteriophage infection has profound effects on bacterial biology. Clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and cas (CRISPR-associated) genes are found in most archaea and many bacteria and have been reported to play a role in resistance to bacteriophage infection. We observed that lysogenic infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 with bacteriophage DMS3 inhibits biofilm formation and swarming motility, both important bacterial group behaviors. This inhibition requires the CRISPR region in the host. Mutation or deletion of five of the six cas genes and one of the two CRISPRs in this region restored biofilm formation and swarming to DMS3 lysogenized strains. Our observations suggest a role for CRISPR regions in modifying the effects of lysogeny on P. aeruginosa.
The Loss Surfaces of Multilayer Networks (2014)

We study the connection between the highly non-convex loss function of a simple model of the fully-connected feed-forward neural network and the Hamiltonian of the spherical spin-glass model under the assumptions of: i) variable independence, ii) redundancy in network parametrization, and iii) uniformity. These assumptions enable us to explain the complexity of the fully decoupled neural network through the prism of the results from random matrix theory. We show that for large-size decoupled networks the lowest critical values of the random loss function form a layered structure and they are located in a well-defined band lower-bounded by the global minimum. The number of local minima outside that band diminishes exponentially with the size of the network. We empirically verify that the mathematical model exhibits similar behavior as the computer simulations, despite the presence of high dependencies in real networks. We conjecture that both simulated annealing and SGD converge to the band of low critical points, and that all critical points found there are local minima of high quality measured by the test error. This emphasizes a major difference between large- and small-size networks where for the latter poor quality local minima have non-zero probability of being recovered. Finally, we prove that recovering the global minimum becomes harder as the network size increases and that it is in practice irrelevant as global minimum often leads to overfitting.
MICRO-CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (2003)

Micro-chemical technology is a new frontier originating in the early 1990s. This technology focuses on the study of the chemical engineering processes in and the principles of the micro-devices and micro-systems whose characteristic length and time scale are less than hundreds of microns and hundreds of milliseconds respectively.Micro-chemical system can be divided into four sub-systems, i.e. micro-heat system, micro-reaction system, micro-separation system and micro-analysis system. Because of the small dimension of the micro-devices, the specific surface area increases, the surface effect is enhanced, and the effects of transportation (flow, heat transfer and mass transfer) lead to a remarkable increase of transfer rates, which exceed those of conventional-sized devices by 2—3 orders of magnitude. The application of micro-chemical technology can improve greatly the efficiency of process systems and decrease their volume and mass. The history, basic characteristics, research areas and developing orientation of micro-chemical technology are discussed in this paper.
Minimum time trajectory planning (2005)

An algorithm for determining the minimum time trajectory (path and velocity along that path) for a robot arm with actuator constraints is presented. The method combines the control theory and the exhaustive search approaches to yield an algorithm that is faster than either approach. The method consists of first parameterizing the path in the configuration space, then, given a path, using control theory to determine the minimum time trajectory subject to the actuator torque constraints, and finally searching among all possible paths to find the minimum time path. The minimum time path is assumed to be smooth and hence is parameterized by splines. In presence of obstacles in the work-space, the algorithm can start with a path from a path planner and determine the minimum time path close to the given path. The results for a two degree of freedom arm are presented.
Internet Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification (iCalendar) (2009)

This document defines the iCalendar data format for representing and
exchanging calendaring and scheduling information such as events, to-
dos, journal entries, and free/busy information, independent of any
particular calendar service or protocol. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Studies on Zwitter-ionization of Drugs. I. Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of N-Alkylcarboxylic Acid Derivatives of 4-(2-Chlorodibenz-[b, f][1, 4]oxazepin-11-yl)piperazine, 4-(2-Chlorodibenzo[b, f]-[1, 4]thiazepin-11-yl)pipertzine, and 4-(11H-Dibenz-[b, e]azepin-6-yl)piperazine (1992)

The piperazine N-alkylcarboxylic acids of 2-chlorodibenz[b,f][1,4] oxazepine (3a), 2-chlorodibenzo[b,f] [1,4] thiazepine (3b), and dipenz[b,e] azepine (3c) from the corresponding piperazines (1a-c, R1 = H) were synthesized via the piperazine N-alkylcarboxylates (2a-c). The pharmacological activities of the piperazine N-alkylcarboxylic acids (3a-c) were evaluated. Compared with the parent compounds (1a-c), 3a-c (n = 1-5) showed weak inhibitory activities on the uptake of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) into hypothalamus vesicles and moderate antagonistic actions to 5-HT2 and H1 in several tissues.
An efficient positive selection procedure for the isolation of peroxisomal import and peroxisome assembly mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1993)

To study peroxisome biogenesis, we developed a procedure to select for Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants defective in peroxisomal protein import or peroxisome assembly. For this purpose, a chimeric gene was constructed encoding the bleomycin resistance protein linked to the peroxisomal protein luciferase. In wild-type cells this chimeric protein is imported into the peroxisome, which prevents the neutralizing interaction of the chimeric protein with its toxic phleomycin ligand. Peroxisomal import and peroxisome assembly mutants are unable to import this chimeric protein into their peroxisomes. This enables the bleomycin moiety of the chimeric protein to bind phleomycin, thereby preventing its toxicity. The selection is very efficient: upon mutagenesis, 84 (10%) of 800 phleomycin resistant colonies tested were unable to grow on oleic acid. This rate could be increased to 25% using more stringent selection conditions. The selection procedure is very specific; all oleic acid non utilizing (onu) mutants tested were disturbed in peroxisomal import and/or peroxisome assembly. The pas (peroxisome assembly) mutants that have been used for complementation analysis represent 12 complementation groups including three novel ones, designated pas20, pas21 and pas22.
In vivo confocal and multiphoton microendoscopy (2008)

The ability to conduct high-resolution fluorescence imaging in internal organs of small animal models in situ and over time can make a significant impact in biomedical research. Toward this goal, we developed a real-time confocal and multiphoton endoscopic imaging system. Using 1-mm-diameter endoscopes based on gradient index lenses, we demonstrate video-rate multicolor multimodal imaging with cellular resolution in live mice.
Rapid, cool sintering of wet processed yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic electrolyte thin films (2017)

Here we report a photonic annealing process for yttria-stabilized zirconia films, which are one of the most well-known solid-state electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Precursor films were coated using a wet-chemical method with a simple metal-organic precursor solution and directly annealed at standard pressure and temperature by two cycles of xenon flash lamp irradiation. The residual organics were almost completely decomposed in the first pre-annealing step, and the fluorite crystalline phases and good ionic conductivity were developed during the second annealing step. These films showed properties comparable to those of thermally annealed films. This process is much faster than conventional annealing processes (e.g. halogen furnaces); a few seconds compared to tens of hours, respectively. The significance of this work includes the treatment of solid-state electrolyte oxides for SOFCs and the demonstration of the feasibility of other oxide components for solid-state energy devices.
Alteration of immunogenicity of xenogenized tumor cells in syngeneic rats by the immune responses to virus-associated antigens produced on immunizing cells. (1983)

A strong transplantation resistance to a fibrosarcoma (KMT-17) is induced in syngeneic Wistar King Aptekman/Hok rats after a single s.c. immunization with Friend virus-infected (xenogenized) viable KMT-17 cells. The resistance induced by the repeated immunizations with irradiated Friend virus-infected KMT-17 cells, however, was unexpectedly weaker when compared with that induced by irradiated KMT-17 cells. The immunogenicity of tumor-associated antigen on xenogenized Friend virus-infected KMT-17 cells was correlated with their shortened survival time in the peritoneal cavity after i.p. inoculation, especially in rats preimmunized with xenogenized tumor cells. Furthermore, xenogenized tumor cells producing a medium amount of virus-associated antigen (VAA) but not those producing a large amont of VAA showed an augmented immunogenicity even in normal rats. On the other hand, the tumor-associated antigen immunogenicity was augmented by immunization with xenogenized tumor cells which expressed a relatively small amount of VAA in rats presensitized with VAA. These findings indicate that the immunogenicity of xenogenized tumor cells is augmented by the middle-grade immune responses to VAA produced on xenogenized tumor cells.
A low-loss thermal isolator for waveguides and coaxial transmission lines (1996)

A low-loss element insertable into microwave coaxial transmission lines and waveguides is designed to provide a thermal isolation barrier at the point of insertion.
A Peer Dataset Comparison Outlier Detection Model Applied to Financial Surveillance (2006)

Outlier detection is a key element for intelligent financial surveillance system. The detection procedures generally fall into two categories: comparing every transaction against its account history and further more, comparing against a peer group to determine if the behavior is unusual. The later approach shows particular merits in efficiently extracting suspicious transaction and reducing false positive rate. Peer group analysis concept is largely dependent on a cross-datasets outlier detection model. In this paper, we propose a new cross outlier detection model based on distance definition incorporated with the financial transaction data features. An approximation algorithm accompanied with the model is provided to optimize the computation of the deviation from tested data point to the reference dataset. An experiment based on real bank data blended with synthetic outlier cases shows promising results of our model in reducing false positive rate while enhancing the discriminative rate remarkably
Nonpolar AlGaN/GaN HFETs with a normally off operation (2012)

Nonpolar AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs) with a normally off operation have been demonstrated. The nonpolar (1–120) a-plane's epitaxial layers are grown on (1–102) r-plane sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapour deposition. We have found that a thicker AlN buffer layer achieves a GaN layer with a narrower full-width at half-maximum of the x-ray rocking curve and higher electron mobility. We have fabricated AlGaN/GaN HFETs with different gate directions. It is found that the drain current strongly depends on the gate directions, and higher drain current flows to the (0001) direction that is parallel to the hair-lined morphology. To realize a complete normally off operation, we have fabricated a-plane metal–insulator–semiconductor HFETs (MIS-HFETs) with a 2 nm-thick SiN as an insulator. The fabricated MIS-HFET exhibits a threshold voltage of +1.3 V with a high drain current of 112 mA mm−1. The presented MIS-HFETs will be desirable in next-generation power switching applications.
Ras‐binding domains: predicting function versus folding (1997)

Ras interacts with a number of effector molecules to achieve its prolific signalling. Based on iterative sequence profile and motif searches of databases a novel family of Ras-binding domains was recently identified (Ponting and Benjamin, Trends Biochem. Sci. 21: 422-425, 1996). Among them the rat unconventional myosin and Rho-GTPase-activating protein myr 5 was predicted to contain a Ras-binding domain at its N-terminus. Here we report that direct binding experiments between the proposed Ras-binding domain of myr 5 and Ras failed to demonstrate any interaction. Molecular modelling suggests that this domain in myr 5 adopts a similar folding topology as the Ras-binding domain of Raf kinase. However, unlike the Ras-binding domain of Raf kinase, the myr 5 domain lacks the positive surface charges necessary for binding the negatively charged Ras contact site. This result exemplifies the functional diversity of similar structures and suggests that the identified Ras-binding motif does not reliably predict Ras-binding domains.
Improved standard fibre performance by positioningthe dispersion compensating fibre (1996)

By placing the dispersion compensating fibre (DCF) first within each amplified span of a 10 Gbit/s standard fibre (SMF) dispersion-managed link the authors show, by numerical simulation, that the performance of such systems in terms of the Q factor is greater compared to systems positioning the DCF last. Examining their performance over 2000 km of standard fibre, it was found that the optimum channel power can be increased by 6 dB by having the DCF first.
Large-scale incremental data processing with change propagation (2011)

Incremental processing of large-scale data is an increasingly important problem, given that many processing jobs run repeatedly with similar inputs, and that the de facto standard programmingmodel (MapReduce) was not designed to efficiently process small updates. As a result, new systems specifically targeting this problem (e.g., Google Percolator, or Yahoo! CBP) have been proposed. Unfortunately, these approaches require the adoption of a new programming model, breaking compatibility with existing programs, and increasing the burden on the programmer, who now is required to devise an incremental update mechanism. We claim that automatic incremental processing of large-scale data is possible by leveraging previous results from the algorithms and programming languages communities. As an example, we describe how Map Reduce can be improved to efficiently handle small input changes by automatically incrementalizing existing MapReduce computations, without breaking backward compatibility or demanding programmers to adopt a new programming approach.