gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Pharmacologic effects of biotin on epidermal cells]. (1991)

Biotin deficiency in animals causes pathological changes of the skin and its appendages including, for example, exfoliative dermatitis, depigmentation, and alopecia. The hooves of biotin-deficient swine are weak, brittle, and often necrotic. These changes disappear after dietary biotin supplementation. Biotin supplementation also noticeably improves the hoof quality of horses, cattle and swine having no apparent biotin deficiency. In order to elucidate the molecular basis of these effects, the influence of biotin on cytokeratin expression in a keratinocyte cell line (Ha-CaT) was investigated using electrophoretic and immunological techniques. Pharmacological biotin concentrations of 1 microM, and 100 microM in the culture medium caused a specific increase in cytokeratins, which are normally induced upon terminal differentiation of epidermal cells in vivo. The expression of cytokeratins occurring in stratified epithelia independent of differentiation were not affected. These findings show that biotin directly stimulates the differentiation of epidermal cells. Such a molecular mechanism revealed in cell culture could provide an explanation for the therapeutic effects of pharmacological doses of biotin on hoof quality in farm animals.
Partial hepatectomy and mediators of inflammation decrease the expression of liver α<sub>2</sub>‐HS glycoprotein gene in rats (1990)

Liver mRNA levels of two acute phase reactant (APR) proteins, alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (a major negative APR) and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (a major positive APR) were measured in male rats at different times after the administration of turpentine, of tumor necrosis factor, or following partial hepatectomy. In every case, a marked decrease in mRNA levels of alpha 2-HS glycoprotein was observed which reached a maximum at 24 h. A concomitant increase of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein mRNA levels was observed under the same conditions. These results indicate that the decreased levels of alpha 2-HS glycoprotein induced by the acute-phase response following inflammatory mediators and partial hepatectomy are due to a down-regulation of the gene expression of this protein in rat liver.
The Development of SF 6 Green Substitute Gas (2021)

Due to its high greenhouse effect, the use of SF 6 as the main insulating gas is restricted in the electric power field. Along with the aim of environmental protection, the search for new alternative gases with a lower greenhouse effect and higher insulation strength has received a lot of attention. The properties of alternative gases have a vital impact on the performance of medium-voltage power distribution equipment. Firstly, based on the existing liquefaction temperatures of SF 6 /N 2 , SF 6 /CO 2 , and SF 6 /CF 4 , the calculated liquefaction temperatures were expanded to 0.7 MPa. Combining the Antoine vapor-pressure equation and the basic law of vapor–liquid balance, the vapor pressures of SF 6 /N 2 , CF 3 I/N 2 , c-C 4 F 8 /N 2 , C4-PFN/N 2 , C4-PFN/CO 2 , and C5-PFK/CO 2 were obtained. Secondly, the critical breakdown field strength was analyzed for C4-PFN/CO 2 , C5-PFK/CO 2 , SF 6 , CF 3 I/N 2 , C5-PFK/Air, and c-C 4 F 8 /N 2 . Finally, the GWPs of SF 6 /N 2 , C4-PFN/N 2 , C4-PFN/CO 2 , C5-PFK/CO 2 , and C5-PFK/N 2 were discussed. The results show that the liquefaction temperature gradually decreases as the pressure rises; SF 6 /N 2 has the highest vapor pressure at −5 °C; the critical breakdown field strengths of several mixtures are higher than that of SF 6 .
Observer accuracy in estimating proportions in images: implications for the semiquantitative assessment of staining reactions and a proposal for a new system (2001)

Histopathologists can estimate proportions of objects in an image with a reasonable degree of accuracy in this abstract test system. All observers, whether histopathologists or not, can discriminate between proportions that are only 5% different in equal sized image grids. This suggests that the generation and use of carefully calibrated reference images could greatly improve the accuracy and reliability of semiquantitative scoring of immunohistochemical or any other staining.
Capacity of purified peanut allergens to induce degranulation in a functional <i>in vitro</i> assay: Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 are the most efficient elicitors (2009)

The RBL SX-38 release assay proved to be sensitive, specific and reproducible. It allowed the comparison of the degranulation potential of different peanut allergens. For all the sera tested, Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 were more potent than Ara h 1 or Ara h 3.
Autonomous landing of an UAV with a ground-based actuated infrared stereo vision system (2013)

In this study, we focus on the problem of landing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in unknown and Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)-denied environments based on an infrared stereo vision system. This system is fixed on the ground and used to track the UAV's position during the landing process. In order to enlarge the search field of view (FOV), a pan-tilt unit (PTU) is employed to actuate the vision system. The infrared camera is chosen as the exteroceptive sensor for two main reasons: first, it can be used under all weather conditions and around the clock; second, infrared targets can be tracked based on infrared spectrum features at a lower computational cost compared to tracking texture features in visible spectrum. State-of-the-art active contour based algorithms and the mean shift algorithm have been evaluated with regard to detecting and tracking an infrared target. Field experiments have been carried out using an unmanned quadrotor and a fixed-wing unmanned aircraft, with both qualitative and quantitative evaluations. The results demonstrate that our system can track UAVs without artificial markers and is sufficient to enhance or replace the GNSS-based localization in GNSS-denied environment or where its information is inaccurate.
MERLIN: a space-based methane monitor (2011)

Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. The radiative forcing caused by methane contributes significantly to the warming of the atmosphere. To better understand the complex global Methane Cycle, it is necessary to apply space-based measurements techniques in order to obtain global coverage at high precision The Methane Remote Sensing Lidar Mission (MERLIN) is a joint French-German cooperation on a micro satellite mission for space-based measurement of spatial and temporal gradients of atmospheric methane columns on a global scale. MERLIN will be the first Integrated Path Differential Absorption LIDAR for methane monitoring from space. In contrast to passive methane missions, the LIDAR instrument allows to retrieve methane fluxes at all-latitudes, allseasons and during night as it is not relying on sunlight. First scientific studies show a substantial reduction of the prior methane flux uncertainties in key observational regions when using synthetic MERLIN observations in the flux inversion experiments. Furthermore, MERLIN observations can help to quantify and verify in scientific credible way national emission reduction scenarios as formulated in the Kyoto protocol. This paper reports on the present status of MERLIN and gives an overview on the joint mission concept with the German LIDAR on the French satellite platform MYRIADE.
Studies on the Preparation of $^{99m}TC$ Labelled Antimony Sulfide Colloid and Hydroxyethyl Starch for Lymphoscintigraphy (1989)

For the development of antimony sulfide colloid and hydroxyethyl starch, various experiments such as preparation of colloid, control of the distribution of particle size, establishment of labelling conditions, determination of labelling yield and radiochemical purity, examination of stability, and organ imagings of rabbits etc. were carried out. 1) Antimony sulfide colloid was readily prepared by the reaction of aqueous solution of antimony potassium tartrate with hydrogen sulfide generated by treating ferrous sulfide with dilute sulfuric acid. The colloid could be stabilized by adding small amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone. 2) Electron microscopy analysis exhibited the distribution of colloid size in the range of with a major portion of 9 m. The colloid solution was sterilized by membrane filtration and then stored at . This sterilized colloid was so stable that it was usable at least for one year. 3) The antimony sulfide colloid was labelled by adding sodium solution to the reaction vial, followed by adding hydrochloric acid and then boiled for 30 min. The optimal pH of the reaction mixture was found to be in the range of . Instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC) analysis showed high labelling yield of above 99.5%. This labelled colloid maintained high radio-chemical purity of above 99% until 10 hours after labelling. 4) Animal studies showed high uptake of colloid at lymph vessels and nodes indicating a suitable agent for lymphoscintigraphy. Satisfactory results were also abtained in other clinical studies. 5) Hydroxyethyl starch (HES ) was labelled with in the presence of with high labelling yield of above 99.5%. The optimal pH of the reaction mixture was in the range of . maintained high radiochemical purity of above 99% until 10 hours after labelling. 6) Animal studies showed that migrated more rapidly from the injection sites into the lymph vessels than colloid while less amount of the former was uptaken at lymph nodes than that of the latter. Similar phenomenon was also observed in other clinical studies. As a result, colloid was found to be more effective lymphoscintigraphic agent than .
Stratum corneum‐derived caspase‐14 is catalytically active (2004)

Caspase-14, a cysteine protease with restricted tissue distribution, is highly expressed in differentiated epidermal keratinocytes. Here, we extracted soluble proteins from stratum corneum (SC) of human epidermis and demonstrate that the extract cleaves tetrapeptide caspase substrates. The activity decreased to below 10% when caspase-14 was removed by immunodepletion showing that caspase-14 is the predominant caspase in SC. In contrast to normal SC, where caspase-14 was present exclusively in its processed form, incompletely matured SC of parakeratotic skin from psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis contained both procaspase-14 and caspase-14 subunits. Fractionation of extract from parakeratotic SC revealed that the peak caspase activity coeluted with processed caspase-14 but not with procaspase-14. Our results suggest that during regular terminal keratinocyte differentiation, endogenous procaspase-14 is converted to caspase-14 subunits that are catalytically active in the outermost layers of normal human skin.
Chapter 36. Vertebral Fracture Assessment (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Imaging Technologies Approaches to Identification of Vertebral Fractures Identification of Vertebral Fracture Clinical Recommendations Summary Acknowledgments
Harvesting Water from Air: Using Anhydrous Salt with Sunlight (2018)

Atmospheric water is an abundant alternative water resource, equivalent to 6 times the water in all rivers on Earth. This work screens 14 common anhydrous and hydrated salt couples in terms of their physical and chemical stability, water vapor harvesting, and release capacity under relevant application scenarios. Among the salts screened, copper chloride (CuCl<sub>2</sub>), copper sulfate (CuSO<sub>4</sub>), and magnesium sulfate (MgSO<sub>4</sub>) distinguish themselves and are further made into bilayer water collection devices, with the top layer being the photothermal layer, while the bottom layer acts as a salt-loaded fibrous membrane. The water collection devices are capable of capturing water vapor out of the air with low relative humidity (down to 15%) and releasing water under regular and even weakened sunlight (i.e., 0.7 kW/m<sup>2</sup>). The work shines light on the potential use of anhydrous salt toward producing drinking water in water scarce regions.
CT colonography: value of scanning in both the supine and prone positions. (1999)

Use of both the supine and prone positions for patients undergoing CT colonography improves evaluation of the colon and increases sensitivity for polyp detection.
THE RHEOLOGY OF HIGH ASPECT RATIO NANO- PARTICLE FILLED LIQUIDS (2013)

The objective of this review is to elucidate the recent developments in the rheology of suspensions containing high aspect ratio (&gt; 100) nano-scale fillers. In particular, this review focuses on industrially important nanoparticles, namely layered silicates or nanoclays, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers, suspended in low and high molecular weight liquids. This review begins with the critical aspects of nanoparticle structure. In addition, the surface chemistry is discussed in the context of particle-particle interactions leading to flocculation or aggregation, because optimum suspension properties occur in well-dispersed, non-aggregated systems. A comprehensive review of large aspect ratio nanoparticles in low and high molecular weight liquids is then presented, with discussions of the effects of particle size, surface treatment, meso-structural development on linear and non-linear viscoelastic properties (complex, steady shear, and extensional viscosity; shear thinning; stress overshoot; and primary normal stress difference where applicable). These sections elaborate on the following results of nanoparticle suspensions. First, nanocomposites require much
Review: Endotoxin in the environment — exposure and effects (2002)

This review deals with endotoxin in the environment and its relation to disease among exposed persons. Data are presented on levels of endotoxin in different environments with maximum values of several μg/m 3 . The cellular reactions of importance for inhalation exposure effects are attachment to lipopolysaccharide binding protein, CD14 cell surface protein and TLR-4 receptors. The internalisation of endotoxin in macrophages and endothelial cells results in local production of inflammatory cytokines with subsequent migration of inflammatory cells into the lung and the penetration of cytokines into the blood. These events orchestrate clinical effects in terms of toxic pneumonitis, airways' inflammation and systemic symptoms. Inhalation challenges with pure endotoxin and field studies confirm the relation between these effects and exposure to dusts containing endotoxin. It is possible that polymorphism in genes determining endotoxin reactivity, particularly TLR-4, influences the risk for disease after environmental exposures. Some data suggest that the inflammation caused by inhaled endotoxin may decrease the risk for atopic sensitisation among children and lung cancer among workers exposed to organic dust. Additional research is needed to clarify the role of other environmental agents that are present in connection with endotoxin, particularly (1→3)-β-D-glucan from mold cell walls.
Diffusion-Tensor MR Imaging of the Breast: Hormonal Regulation (2014)

DTI parameters are not sensitive to menstrual cycle changes, while menopause, long-term HRT, and presence of milk in lactating women affected the DTI parameters. Therefore, the timing for performing breast DTI is not restricted throughout the menstrual cycle, whereas the modulations in diffusion parameters due to HRT and lactation should be taken into account in DTI evaluation.
Abstract CT175: HEPANOVA Phase II study design for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Tumor treating fields concomitant with sorafenib (2019)

Background Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are a non-invasive, regional antimitotic treatment modality, which has been approved for the treatment of glioblastoma by the FDA. TTFields predominantly act by disrupting the formation of the mitotic spindle during metaphase. TTFields were effective in multiple preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), leading to a significant increase in cell death. The Phase II HEPANOVA study is the first trial testing TTFields in HCC patients, and is designed to test the safety and efficacy of adding TTFields to sorafenib in advanced HCC.Methods Trial Design: Patients (N=25) with unresectable HCC who are not amenable to any local treatment will be enrolled in this prospective, single-arm study. The study enrolls patients with ECOG score of 0-2 and Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage 0-C. Patients must have a measurable disease per RECIST Criteria. Having implanted electronic devices in the torso is exclusionary. Sorafenib will be administered at standard dose (400 mg daily). TTFields (150 kHz) will be delivered for 18 hours/day until local disease progression per RECIST Criteria. Clinical follow up will be performed q4w, and a CT/MRI scan q12w. Following disease progression in the liver, patients will discontinue TTFields and be followed monthly for survival. Overall response rate will be the primary endpoint and in-field control rate, progression-free survival rate at 12 month (PFS12), OS rate at 1 year and toxicity will all be secondary endpoints. Sample size was calculated using an Exact test for proportions considering the weighted average of ORR of patients who had either complete or partial response per RECIST criteria in historical studies with sorafenib is 4.5%. A sample size of 25 patients was required to achieve a power of approximately 80% at a one-sided alpha level of 0.05 using a single sample Exact test for proportions.Citation Format: Anca-Ligia Grosu, Eleni Gkika, Thomas Brunner, Robert Thimme, Uri Weinberg. HEPANOVA Phase II study design for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Tumor treating fields concomitant with sorafenib [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT175.
The germination of seed Corn and its relation to the occurrence of molds during germination (1933)

Importance of vigorous germination in corn intended for seed has been emphasized for many years. More recently, within the present decade, not only vigor of germination has been emphasized but likewise the adverse effect of molds upon germinability has been freely asserted. One of the objects in beginning the present study was to get some information upon the question of whether the corn crop in such a new part of the corn belt as South Dakota was indeed affected by ear rots and root rots and similar organisms. A preliminary survey of a number of seed houses where seed corn was stored as early as the winter of 1923-1924 emphasized the fact that corn ear rots are a condition as well as a theory in South Dakota, even though they may be less prevalent than in older sections of the corn belt.
Biological detection by optical oxygen sensing (2013)

Recent developments in the area of biological detection by optical sensing of molecular oxygen (O2) are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the quenched-phosphorescence O2 sensing technique. Following a brief introduction to the main principles, materials and formats of sensor technology, the main groups of applications targeted to biological detection using an O2 transducer are described. These groups include: enzymatic assays; analysis of respiration of mammalian and microbial cells, small organisms and plants; food and microbial safety; monitoring of oxygenation in cell cultures, 3D models of live tissue, bioreactors and fluidic chips; ex vivo and in vivo O2 measurements; trace O2 analysis. For these systems, which enable a range of new bioanalytical tasks with different samples and models in a minimally invasive, contact-less manner, with high sensitivity, flexibility and imaging capabilities in 2D and 3D, relevant practical examples are presented and their merits and limitations discussed. An outlook of future scientific and technological developments in the field is also provided.
Differential interleukin 12 responsiveness for interferon gamma production in advanced stages of cancer patients correlates with performance status. (1998)

Interleukin 12 (IL-12) has been shown to exhibit potent antitumor activity in murine tumor models through various mechanisms including the capacity to stimulate IFN-gamma production by T cells and natural killer cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of IL-12 in inducing IFN-gamma secretion in cancer patients. A comparison was made between healthy individuals who served as controls and cancer patients for IFN-gamma production induced after the stimulation of whole blood samples with 1000 pg/ml IL-12. Samples from all healthy individuals showed positive IL-12 responsiveness. Approximately half of the samples from patients displayed levels of IFN-gamma production comparable to those observed for controls, whereas the rest of the samples exhibited almost-null responses. The incidences for reduced capacity of IFN-gamma production and null IL-12 responsiveness in cancer patients at all cancer stages or at a given advanced stage (stage IV) increased along with performance status. However, these correlated with neither the number of lymphocytes contained in the blood samples nor the tumor types. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from patient blood samples showing null/marginal responses, and their responsiveness was examined, 7 of 13 samples exhibited positive responses. Whereas enhanced tumor necrosis factor alpha production was also observed in some patients after IL-12 stimulation, the elevation of tumor necrosis factor alpha was induced only in blood samples that showed IL-12-stimulated IFN-gamma production. These observations indicate that a remarkable difference exists in IL-12 reactivity among cancer patients, and that differential IL-12 responsiveness depends largely on performance status.
Interconnect propagation delay modeling and validation for the 16-MB CMOS SRAM chip (1996)

In this paper, a closed-form expression for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) static random access memory component (SRAM) chip propagation delay is developed. This allows accurate calculation of the signal propagation delay of multilayer interconnects within the CMOS SRAM chip and also takes into account the delay of the CMOS SRAM cells driving the branched transmission line and the driving SRAM cell loading aspects of the interconnect line. Simulation results are presented to show the accuracy and efficiency of the propagation delay model. A case study of 16 MB CMOS SRAM chip performance evaluation is presented. The proposed closed-form delay expression results in an absolute maximum error smaller than 4.8% in comparison to the measured data. The proposed closed-form expression can be used for various high-speed, high-density multilayer interconnect SRAMs, dynamic random access memories (DRAMs), FPGAs, and application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC's).
Effect of molecular structure on polyethylene melt rheology. I. Low‐shear behavior (1970)

Abstract The melt rheological properties of both linear and branched polyethylene were investigated by use of narrow molecular weight distribution fractions and experimentally polymerized samples. Studies carried out in steady shear and in oscillatory shear yielded information concerning both the melt viscosity and the melt elasticity as a function of molecular structure, where the latter was characterized by various solution property techniques. The 3.4–3.5 power dependence of the low shear limiting viscosity on molecular weight was confirmed for linear polyethylene. The effect of long‐chain branching on rheological properties was defined both at constant molecular weight and at constant molecular weight distribution and coupled with variation of molecular weight.