gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Liquid‐Phase‐Enhanced Discontinuous Grain Growth in Barium Titanate (1987)

Barium titanate shows discontinuous grain growth in the presence of small amounts of the liquid eutectic Ba 6 Ti 17 O 40 ‐BaTiO 3 at T > 1312°C. The exaggerated grain growth in the presence of the liquid phase can be explained in terms of a solution‐segregation process. The grain size distribution of sintered BaTiO 3 ceramics and the average grain size are strongly modified by addition of “seed grains” to BaTiO 3 powder. The addition of seed grains seems to be a general method of controlling the discontinuous grain growth of ceramics.
Ca2+/calmodulin signaling in NMDA-induced synaptic plasticity. (2000)

Repeated experiences induce a synaptic plasticity in neurons that can be very long lasting. The neurotransmitter, glutamate, acting through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is integrally involved in eliciting persistent changes in synaptic function resulting in learning and memory. The permeability of NMDA receptors to Ca2+ implies the close involvement of Ca2+ and the Ca2+-binding protein, calmodulin, in NMDA-induced synaptic plasticity. A notable example of NMDA-induced synaptic plasticity is long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region. The involvement of Ca2+ and calmodulin in the induction and expression of LTP has been intensively investigated and documented. Less well studied are neurochemical adaptations in another example of NMDA-induced synaptic plasticity, stimulant-induced behavioral sensitization. Although amphetamine and cocaine increase synaptic monoamines, glutamate is involved in the induction and expression of the sensitization. Activating NMDA receptors in dopamine midbrain cell bodies is required for inducing stimulant sensitization, implying a role for Ca2+ in this plasticity. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of Ca2+ and calmodulin in two examples of NMDA-based plasticity, LTP, and stimulant-induced behavioral sensitization. There are similarities in the neuroadaptations, although the role of Ca2+ and calmodulin has not been thoroughly investigated in the stimulant-induced plasticity.
Combining approximate geometry with view-dependent texture mapping - a hybrid approach to 3D video teleconferencing (2003)

We present a hybrid system using computer vision and graphics methods that effectively combines fast automatic 3D model extraction with view-dependent texture mapping for the purpose of real-time person-to-person 3D video teleconferencing. In our approach the problem of creating a dense disparity map is bypassed. We compute only a sparse geometric model, which is textured from multiple cameras using an image-based rendering approach. Using a commodity graphics card and three personal computers arranged in a cluster, we achieve a performance of 3 to 4 frames per second. We demonstrate the ability to provide a 3D tele-immersive environment with our system.
All-fiber 194 W single-frequency single-mode Yb-doped master-oscillator power-amplifier (2007)

A four-stage all-fiber single-frequency single-mode continuous-wave (cw) master- oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) at 1083 nm is presented. Small mode area (SMA) and large mode area (LMA) amplifier stages are mode matched with a fiber mode converter (MC) and the signal and pumps are combined with tapered fiber bundles (TFBs). The final power stage uses a LMA Yb doped SBS-suppressing fiber. A single-frequency output power of 194 W is demonstrated with optical net and slope efficiencies of 68% and 80%, respectively.
An Environment for "Sniffing" DCE-RPC Traffic (1993)

The ability to watch the network traffic generated by client and server applications can greatly assist in both understanding how a client/server application functions, as well as identifying problem areas. At the Center for Information Technology Integration (CITI), we use the Open Software Foundation's Distributed Computing Environment (OSF/DCE). To examine network traffic in this client/server environment, we developed two tools: one based on the Network General Sniffer, and one based on the IBM RS 6000 AIX operating system.
DIFFERENTIATION OF FOOD PATHOGENS USING FTIR AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS (2005)

FTIR absorbance spectra in conjunction with artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to differentiate selectedmicroorganisms at the generic and serogroup levels. The ANN consisted of three layers with 595 input nodes, 50 nodes at thehidden layer, and 5 output nodes (one for each microorganism or strain). Ten replications of each experiment were conducted,and 70% of the data was used for training and 30% for validation of the network. Results indicated that differentiation couldbe achieved at an accuracy of 80% to 100% at the generic level and 90% to 100% at the serogroup level at 103 CFU/mLconcentration.
Building Construction Handbook (1965)

Building construction handbook , Building construction handbook , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Blind Separation of Human Heartbeats and Breathing by the use of a Doppler Radar Remote Sensing (2007)

The combined use of a Doppler radar with digital signal processing technique gives an effective non-invasive remote sensing of heart beat signals. Initial results have showed that the proposed technique is very promising in successfully isolating desired heart beat signals from other mobile objects and other distortion effects characterizing the wireless channel. We concentrate in this paper on the harder problem of separating at low SNR the signals from two subjects in the same room. We show that preliminary results obtained by the real analytical constant modulus algorithm (RACMA) and the independent component analysis (ICA) on experimental data are very promising into this goal.
A highly-integrated tri-band/quad-mode SiGe BiCMOS RF-to-baseband receiver for wireless CDMA/WCDMA/AMPS applications with GPS capability (2003)

A 0.5 μm SiGe BiCMOS single-chip receiver integrates three front-ends (LNA, RF-to-IF mixer, VGA) for the cellular, PCS/IMT and GPS frequency bands, a shared I/Q demodulator, IF VCO, and UHF LO buffers. It has 2.0 dB NF and -0.6 dBm IIP3 in the cellular CDMA mode and 2.3 dB NF and -7 dBm IIP3 in the PCS mode with <150 mW at 3 V.
Diamond-Modified AFM Probes: From Diamond Nanowires to Atomic Force Microscopy-Integrated Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes (2011)

In atomic force microscopy (AFM), sharp and wear-resistant tips are a critical issue. Regarding scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), electrodes are required to be mechanically and chemically stable. Diamond is the perfect candidate for both AFM probes as well as for electrode materials if doped, due to diamond's unrivaled mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical properties. In this study, standard AFM tips were overgrown with typically 300 nm thick nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) layers and modified to obtain ultra sharp diamond nanowire-based AFM probes and probes that were used for combined AFM-SECM measurements based on integrated boron-doped conductive diamond electrodes. Analysis of the resonance properties of the diamond overgrown AFM cantilevers showed increasing resonance frequencies with increasing diamond coating thicknesses (i.e., from 160 to 260 kHz). The measured data were compared to performed simulations and show excellent correlation. A strong enhancement of the quality factor upon overgrowth was also observed (120 to 710). AFM tips with integrated diamond nanowires are shown to have apex radii as small as 5 nm and where fabricated by selectively etching diamond in a plasma etching process using self-organized metal nanomasks. These scanning tips showed superior imaging performance as compared to standard Si-tips or commercially available diamond-coated tips. The high imaging resolution and low tip wear are demonstrated using tapping and contact mode AFM measurements by imaging ultra hard substrates and DNA. Furthermore, AFM probes were coated with conductive boron-doped and insulating diamond layers to achieve bifunctional AFM-SECM probes. For this, focused ion beam (FIB) technology was used to expose the boron-doped diamond as a recessed electrode near the apex of the scanning tip. Such a modified probe was used to perform proof-of-concept AFM-SECM measurements. The results show that high-quality diamond probes can be fabricated, which are suitable for probing, manipulating, sculpting, and sensing at single digit nanoscale.
Getting the Prices Right (2013)

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Underpriced and overcrowded curb parking creates problems for everyone except a few lucky drivers who find a cheap space; all the other drivers who cruise to find an open space waste time and fuel, congest traffic, and pollute the air. Overpriced and underoccupied parking also creates problems; when curb spaces remain empty, merchants lose potential customers, workers lose jobs, and cities lose tax revenue. To address these problems, San Francisco has established SFpark, a program that adjusts prices to achieve availability of one or two open spaces per block. To measure how prices affected on-street occupancy, we calculated the price elasticity of demand revealed by over 5,000 price and occupancy changes during the program's first year. Price elasticity has an average value of –0.4, but varies greatly by time of day, location, and several other factors. The average meter price fell 1% during the first year, so SFpark adjusted prices without increasing them overall. This study is the first to use measured occupancy to estimate the elasticity of demand for on-street parking. It also offers the first evaluation of pricing that varies by time of day and location to manage curb parking. Takeaway for practice: San Francisco can improve its program by making drivers more aware of the variable prices, reducing the disabled placard abuse, and introducing seasonal price adjustments. Other cities can incorporate performance parking as a form of congestion pricing. Research support: University of California Transportation Center.
Dermal fibroblasts from venous ulcers are unresponsive to the action of transforming growth factor-β 1 (1997)

Failure to reepithelialize is the major clinical problem in venous ulcers. It is not clear whether the problem resides with keratinocytes or with inadequate and improper formation of extracellular matrix. In this study, we characterized the biosynthetic activity and response to transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta) of dermal fibroblast cultures isolated from biopsies of venous ulcers and from normal thigh skin (controls) of seven patients. We found that baseline 3H-proline incorporation was similar in fibroblasts from venous ulcers and control skin (p= 0.1716). No difference was detected by ELISA between ulcer and control fibroblasts in the synthesis of total TGF-beta (p = 0.2309), and the mRNA levels for alpha 1(I) procollagen and TGF-beta were comparable in both groups. However, TGF-beta (0.1-5 ng/ml) enhanced collagen protein synthesis by more than 60% and in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.997) in control fibroblast cultures, while failing to stimulate collagen production by venous ulcer fibroblasts (p = 0.0001). This unresponsiveness to TGF-beta was associated with up to a fourfold decrease in TGF-beta Type II receptors. We conclude that fibroblasts from the edge of non-healing venous ulcers are unresponsive to the action of TGF-beta, and that this blunted response may cause faulty deposition of the extracellular matrix needed for reepithelialization and wound healing.
A prospective study of physician-observed concussion during a varsity university ice hockey season: incidence and neuropsychological changes. Part 2 of 4 (2012)

Although the incidence of game-related concussions per 1000 athlete exposures in this study was half the highest rate reported in the authors' previous research, it was 3 times higher than the incidence reported by other authors within the literature concerning men's collegiate ice hockey and 5 times higher than the highest rate previously reported for woman's collegiate ice hockey. Interestingly, the present results suggest a substantively higher incidence of concussion among women (14.93) than men (7.50). The reproducible and significantly higher incidence of concussion among both men and woman ice hockey players, when compared with nonphysician-observed games, suggests a significant underestimation of sports concussion in the scientific literature.
[T cell immunity to proteolipid protein (PLP) in multiple sclerosis (MS): identification of DR2-associated PLP determinants and conserved TCR CDR3 motifs]. (1994)

Multiple sclerosis is assumed to be an autoimmune disease mediated by T cells specific for myelin protein, such as, myelin basic protein (MBP) and PLP. Several groups reported that PLP-specific T cells are activated in the cerebrospinal fluid and, to a lesser extent, in the peripheral blood of the patients. We identified seven T cell epitopes within PLP residue 85-159. The T cell responses to these epitopes were higher in MS than in healthy subjects. PLP 95-116 and 105-124 specific T cells were more frequently established from DR2 MS than from non-DR2 MS, indicating that the DR2 restricted T cells recognizing these determinants are involved in the pathogenesis of MS. It is found PLP-specific T cells preferentially use V beta 5 and V beta 2 families though the usage is not exclusive. TCR beta chain complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) amino acid motifs of some PLP-specific T cells were homologous to those of MS lesion T cells, so it is likely that PLP-specific T cells infiltrate MS lesions. To our surprise, the CDR3 motifs of PLP-specific clones resemble those of MBP-specific clones. According to these facts, some antigen-independent pressure might give a common structure to T cells involved in MS.
Use of a self‐curing resorbable polymer in vertical ridge augmentations – a pilot study in dogs (2013)

The use of a poloxamer gel for the stabilization of particulate bone grafting material in vertical ridge augmentations had no advantage compared with coverage of grafting materials with a collagen membrane.
Comparison of Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing and Pulse-Amplitude Modulation in Indoor Optical Wireless Links (2011)

We evaluate the performance of three direct-detection orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) schemes in combating multipath distortion in indoor optical wireless links, comparing them to unipolar M-ary pulse-amplitude modulation (M-PAM) with minimum mean-square error decision-feedback equalization (MMSE-DFE). The three OFDM techniques are DC-clipped OFDM and asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) and PAM-modulated discrete multitone (PAM-DMT). We describe an iterative procedure to achieve optimal power allocation for DC-OFDM. For each modulation method, we quantify the received electrical SNR required at a given bit rate on a given channel, considering an ensemble of 170 indoor wireless channels. When using the same symbol rate for all modulation methods, M-PAM with MMSE-DFE has better performance than any OFDM format over a range of spectral efficiencies, with the advantage of (M-PAM) increasing at high spectral efficiency. ACO-OFDM and PAM-DMT have practically identical performance at any spectral efficiency. They are the best OFDM formats at low spectral efficiency, whereas DC-OFDM is best at high spectral efficiency. When ACO-OFDM or PAM-DMT are allowed to use twice the symbol rate of M-PAM, these OFDM formats have better performance than M-PAM. When channel state information is unavailable at the transmitter, however, M-PAM significantly outperforms all OFDM formats. When using the same symbol rate for all modulation methods, M-PAM requires approximately three times more computational complexity per processor than all OFDM formats and 63% faster analog-to-digital converters, assuming oversampling ratios of 1.23 and 2 for ACO-OFDM and M-PAM, respectively. When OFDM uses twice the symbol rate of M-PAM, OFDM requires 23% faster analog-to-digital converters than M-PAM but OFDM requires approximately 40% less computational complexity than M-PAM per processor.
NMDA and GABA<sub>A</sub>receptors in the rat Kölliker‐Fuse area control cardiorespiratory responses evoked by trigeminal ethmoidal nerve stimulation (1998)

1. Electrical stimulation (10 s) of the ethmoidal nerve (EN5) evokes the nasotrigeminal reflex responses, including apnoea, bradycardia and rise in arterial blood pressure. In the present study, we examined the involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), AMPA/kainate, (gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) and glycine receptors in the Kolliker-Fuse (KF) nucleus in the mediation of the nasotrigeminal reflex responses. 2. Unilateral injections (n = 6) of 50-100 nl of the NMDA receptor antagonist AP5 into the KF area led to a significant blockade of the EN5-evoked respiratory depression and bradycardia. Injections placed into the midlevel of the KF area were most effective (80-90 % blockade). The rise in arterial blood pressure remained unaffected. 3. Unilateral injections (n = 6) of the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist CNQX into the KF area failed to block EN5-evoked autonomic responses significantly. 4. Unilateral injections (n = 5) of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline enhanced the EN5-evoked respiratory depression and bradycardia. The effect persisted for up to 30 s after stimulation. Bicuculline injections into the midlevel of the KF area were most effective. The increase in arterial blood pressure remained unaffected. 5. Unilateral injections (n = 5) of the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine into the KF area did not produce any significant effects on EN5-evoked autonomic responses. 6. Our results suggest that the KF area represents a mandatory relay for the nasotrigeminally induced apnoea and bradycardia which are predominantly mediated by NMDA receptors in the KF. Furthermore, it appears that KF neurons are under a potent GABAergic inhibitory control. The EN5-evoked rise in arterial blood pressure was not altered by any of the drugs and, therefore, appears not to be mediated via the KF.
Transition-metal-catalyzed alkyne cyclizations. A cobalt-mediated total synthesis of dl-estrone (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition-metal-catalyzed alkyne cyclizations. A cobalt-mediated total synthesis of dl-estroneRaymond L. Funk and K. Peter C. VollhardtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 16, 5253–5261Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00536a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00536a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2878Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interplay of spin-orbit torque and thermoelectric effects in ferromagnet/normal-metal bilayers (2014)

We present harmonic transverse voltage measurements of current-induced thermoelectric and spin-orbit torque (SOT) effects in ferromagnet/normal-metal bilayers, in which thermal gradients produced by Joule heating and SOT coexist and give rise to ac transverse signals with comparable symmetry and magnitude. Based on the symmetry and field dependence of the transverse resistance, we develop a consistent method to separate thermoelectric and SOT measurements. By addressing first ferromagnet/light-metal bilayers with negligible spin-orbit coupling, we show that in-plane current injection induces a vertical thermal gradient whose sign and magnitude are determined by the resistivity difference and stacking order of the magnetic and nonmagnetic layers. We then study ferromagnet/heavy-metal bilayers with strong spin-orbit coupling, showing that second harmonic thermoelectric contributions to the transverse voltage may lead to a significant overestimation of the antidamping SOT. We find that thermoelectric effects are very strong in Ta(6 nm)/Co(2.5 nm) and negligible in Pt(6 nm)/Co(2.5 nm) bilayers. After including these effects in the analysis of the transverse voltage, we find that the antidamping SOTs in these bilayers, after normalization to the magnetization volume, are comparable to those found in thinner Co layers with perpendicular magnetization, whereas the fieldlike SOTs are about an order of magnitude smaller.
Simplified Block Diagonalization for Multiuser MIMO Systems with Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization (2011)

In multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) wireless downlink systems, block diagonalization (BD) is a technique, where the transmit precoding matrix of each user is designed such that its subspace lies in the null space of all the other remaining users, so that multiuser interference (MUI) is completely canceled. In low signal to noise power ratio (SNR) or low signal to interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) environments, regularized BD, that lets some MUI remain and maximizes the sum rate capacity of the BD MIMO channel, was also proposed. One of the problems of both the approaches is high complexity of computation due to a lot of singular value decomposition (SVD) processes. In this paper we propose new BD techniques utilizing QR decomposition (QRD) which can be practically achieved by Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization (GSO) with lower complexity compared to the conventional method employing SVD. We can show that the performance of the proposed approaches is close to the conventional approaches, while the proposed approaches have much lower complexity.
Barrier Impairment and Immune Reaction in the Cerebrospinal Fluid (1975)

Investigations on pathophysiological processes in the CSF space due to impairment of the blood-CSF barrier and due to an immune reaction are reported. Barrier disturbances and immune reaction are demonstrated by means of absolute values of CSF protein electrophoresis and by measurement of immunoglobulins. With inflammatory diseases of the CNS, an altered blood-CSF barrier will often be seen at the moment of the first lumbar puncture. Multiple sclerosis, subacute leucoencephalitis and neurosyphilis show signs of a distinct immune reaction together with an increase of the γ-globulins as well as the immunoglobulin G in the absence or slight presence of a barrier impairment. Non-inflammatory diseases of the CNS have variable barrier disturbances.