gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Prolactin Secretion on Human Lactation (1975)

The elevation of endogenous prolactin secretion using thyrotopin releasing hormone was associated with significant increases in mammary milk production in postpartum women. More-over, a specific effect was seen on the percent fat composition which has been shown to rise as much as 228% over pretest conditions. As in the bovine, administration of high doses of estrogen is associated with mammary breast development and the sudden removal of this stimulus if accompanied by nipple stimulation is associated with non-puerperal lactation. The inhibitory effects of estrogen on the mammary cellular response to circulating prolactin has been deduced from studies in pregnant and parturient women by measuing the TRH-induced prolactin response. These studies support a relationship between prolactin and sex steroids on the initiation and maintenance of human lactation.
The Basics of Noise Detection and Filtering for Borehole Drilling Data (2008)

A series of borehole instrumented drilling tests have been performed at two separate sites in London. However, these data contain noise which makes interpretation difficult. A study was thus carried out to explore the possibility of using signal processing techniques to remove noise from the instrumented borehole drilling data. The study began by examining the most common methods used to detect noise in a signal. Three types of filter: moving average, median and Butterworth filters were compared. Filtering weight for moving average filter, filtering order for median filter, and cut-off frequency for Butterworth filter were then proposed for each of the drilling parameters. The effects of standardized and non-standardized drilling procedures on the drilling data were also demonstrated by using cross-correlation functions for groups of standardized and non-standardized tests.
An Inexpensive and Simple Spectrophotometer for Measuring Grass Biomass in the Field (1984)

A simple spectrophotometer design, suitable for rapid grass biomass assessment over large areas, is described. Such an instrument replaces conventional time-consuming techniques of biomass measurement in studies monitoring extensive areas, and uses inexpensive components. It measures the ratio of far red to red radiation reflected from the grass canopy, this figure being closely correlated with dry green biomass.
MANAGEMENT OF BLADDER CANCER (2004)

No AccessJournal of UrologyINVESTIGATIVE UROLOGY: EDITORIAL1 Jun 2004MANAGEMENT OF BLADDER CANCER Donald L. Lamm Donald L. LammDonald L. Lamm More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000127757.72243.3eAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "MANAGEMENT OF BLADDER CANCER." The Journal of Urology, 171(6 Part 1), pp. 2482–2483 References 1 : Bacillus Calmete-Guerin plus interferon-alpha2B intravesical therapy maintains an extended treatment plan for superficial bladder cancer with minimal toxicity. Urol Oncol2003; 21: 354. Google Scholar 2 : Weekly mitomycin C followed by monthly bacillus Calmette-Guerin or alternating monthly interferon-alpha2B and bacillus Calmette-Guerin for prophylaxis of recurrent papillary superficial bladder carcinoma. J Urol2001; 164: 47. Google Scholar 3 : Epirubicin and meglumine gamma-linolenic acid: a logical choice of combination therapy for patients with superficial bladder carcinoma. Cancer2003; 97: 71. Google Scholar 4 : Progesterone: a novel adjunct to intravesical chemotherapy. BJU Int2002; 90: 736. Google Scholar 5 : Combined cytotoxic effects of tamoxifen and chemotherapeutic agents on bladder cancer cells: a potential use in intravesical chemotherapy. Br J Urol1996; 77: 76. Google Scholar 6 : Regional chemotherapy for bladder neoplasms using continuous intravesical infusion of doxorubicin: impact of concomitant administration of dimethyl sulfoxide on drug absorption and antitumor activity. J Natl Cancer Inst1992; 84: 510. Google Scholar 7 : Effects of interferon in combination with cytotoxic drugs on mouse bladder tumor (MBT-2) growth in vitro and in vivo. J Urol1988; 140: 656. Link, Google Scholar 8 : Alternating mitomycin C and BCG instillations versus BCG alone in treatment of carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: a Nordic study. Eur Urol2003; 43: 637. Google Scholar 9 : Intravesical combination chemotherapy with mitomycin C and doxorubicin for superficial bladder cancer: a randomized trial of maintenance versus no maintenance following a complete response. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol1992; 30: S37. Google Scholar 10 : Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus mitomycin C for Ta and T1 bladder cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2003; 3: CD003231. Google Scholar 11 : Equivalent efficacy of mitomycin C plus doxorubicin instillation to bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Int J Urol2001; 8: 483. Google Scholar Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Arizona© 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 6 Part 1June 2004Page: 2482-2483 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Donald L. Lamm More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Synthesis of (R, R)<sup>123</sup>I‐QNB, A spect imaging agent for cerebral muscarinic acetylcholine receptors <i>in vivo</i> (1992)

Abstract The high‐affinity muscarinic receptor antagonist (R,R) I‐QNB (1) [(R)‐(‐)‐1‐Azabicyclo [2.2.2]oct‐3‐yl‐ (R) ‐ (+) ‐ α ‐hydroxy‐ α ‐(4‐[ 127 I]iodophenyl)‐ α ‐phenyl Acetate ( 6a )] has been labeled with iodine‐123 to give a suitable ligand for SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography) imaging of the human brain. The radiolabeling is achieved using a copper(I) assisted nucleophilic exchange mechanism (2) to give high specific activity (R,R) 123 I‐QNB in reasonable overall yield (36%). The radiolabeling reaction is carried out in the presence of excess reducing agent and the product (R,R) 123 I‐QNB purified on a Sep‐Pak cartridge eliminating the need for h.p.l.c. purification the synthesis of the precursor ( 127 I‐QNB) for the radiolabeling step is a modification of the procedure reported by Rzeszotarski et. al (3) (R)‐ α ‐Hydroxy‐ α ‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐ α ‐phenylacetic acid was produced from 4‐nitrobenzophenone and resolved as reported. The methyl ester of the acid was synthesised then the nitro group converted to an amino group to give Methyl, (R) ‐α‐hydroxy‐α‐ (4‐aminophenyl) ‐a‐ phenyl acetate. The iodo compound Methyl, (R) ‐α‐hydroxy‐α‐ (4‐iodophenyl)‐α‐phenyl acetate was produced from the amino compound via the diazonium salt. Transesterification of the iodo compound with (R) ‐3‐quinuclidinof gave (R, R) ‐f271‐QNB. The (R,R) 123I‐QNB produced has been successfully used to image muscarinic receptors in patients suffering from Alzheimers disease.
Stabilized Biasing of Semiconductor Lasers (1983)

In this paper we analyze the design of biasing and control circuits for semiconductor lasers in a generalized context based on an idealized laser characteristic. In particular, we address three major design considerations: whether to bias the laser above or below threshold, how to stabilize the optical output levels independent of variation in the average output power, and to what degree the output levels can be stabilized relative to various circuit and device parameters. Results of our study indicate that to eliminate from the optical output any dependence on either variation in laser device characteristics or the dc average of the input signal, feedback control of both the prebias and modulation current is necessary.
Dual Role for the Tyrosine Decarboxylation Pathway in<i>Enterococcus faecium</i>E17: Response to an Acid Challenge and Generation of a Proton Motive Force (2008)

In this work we investigated the role of the tyrosine decarboxylation pathway in the response of Enterococcus faecium E17 cells to an acid challenge. It was found that 91% of the cells were able to remain viable in the presence of tyrosine when they were incubated for 3 h in a complex medium at pH 2.5. This effect was shown to be related to the tyrosine decarboxylation pathway. Therefore, the role of tyrosine decarboxylation in pH homeostasis was studied. The membrane potential and pH gradient, the parameters that compose the proton motive force (PMF), were measured at different pHs (pH 4.5 to 7). We obtained evidence showing that the tyrosine decarboxylation pathway generates a PMF composed of a pH gradient formed due to proton consumption in the decarboxylation reaction and by a membrane potential which results from electrogenic transport of tyrosine in exchange for the corresponding biogenic amine tyramine. The properties of the tyrosine transporter were also studied in this work by using whole cells and right-side-out vesicles. The results showed that the transporter catalyzes homologous tyrosine/tyrosine antiport, as well as electrogenic heterologous tyrosine-tyramine exchange. The tyrosine transporter had properties of a typical precursor-product exchanger operating in a proton motive decarboxylation pathway. Therefore, the tyrosine decarboxylation pathway contributes to an acid response mechanism in E. faecium E17. This decarboxylation pathway gives the strain a competitive advantage in nutrient-depleted conditions, as well as in harsh acidic environments, and a better chance of survival, which contributes to higher cell counts in food fermentation products.
The Performance Improvement of Wald Test of GPS RTK Using INS (2003)

There always is difficulty to determine an integer ambiguity to use GPS carrier phase measurement for precise positioning. In this paper, an integrated GPS/INS is used to reduce the time of determining the integer ambiguity in spite of difficult environmental condition. The Wald test is applied to fixing an integer ambiguity of GPS carrier phase measurements with adding INS information. The test is executed regarding two cases; i.e. numerical simulations and a real experiment. At the first case, GPS carrier and INS measurement data are numerically generated for static and dynamic movements. For the other, real data which are collected from an INS and GPS receivers are used to test under real environment situation. The results show the improvements of the convergence performance to the true hypothesis set with helping INS.
Unpinned metal gate/high-κ GaAs capacitors: Fabrication and characterization (2006)

Fabrication of GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) with an unpinned interface is reported. The MOSCAP structure consists of a few monolayers of germanium grown in a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system in order to terminate an MBE-grown silicon-doped (100) GaAs layer. An ex situ HfO2 high-κ dielectric with an equivalent oxide thickness of 12Å was deposited by using a dc magnetron sputtering system. A midgap interface state density (Dit) of 5×1011eV−1cm−2 was measured using the high-frequency conductance technique. A rapid thermal annealing study was performed in order to examine the integrity of the gate stack at different temperatures. In addition, a forming gas anneal at 400°C appears to significantly reduce the midgap Dit revealed by probing the frequency dispersion behavior of the MOSCAPs.
New Paradigm for the Treatment of Myopia By Refractive Surgery (2000)

It is proposed that refractive surgery visual outcomes will be significantly improved when using refractive surgery profiles that maintain preoperative corneal aberrations following surgery. An equation to calculate postoperative corneal shapes is presented.
Error Concealment of H.264/AVC Video Frames for Mobile Video Broadcasting (2007)

An efficient frame error concealment (EC) algorithm for H.264 video is proposed in this work. The proposed algorithm temporally conceals a lost frame by combining several pixels or several motion vectors using an overlapping window. The proposed algorithm requires a low computational complexity, but provides better performance than the conventional frame error concealment methods. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is suitable for mobile video broadcasting applications.
Electrochemical growth behavior, surface properties, and enhanced in vivo bone response of TiO2 nanotubes on microstructured surfaces of blasted, screw-shaped titanium implants (2010)

TiO(2) nanotubes are fabricated on TiO(2) grit-blasted, screw-shaped rough titanium (ASTM grade 4) implants (3.75 x 7 mm) using potentiostatic anodization at 20 V in 1 M H(3)PO(4) + 0.4 wt.% HF. The growth behavior and surface properties of the nanotubes are investigated as a function of the reaction time. The results show that vertically aligned nanotubes of approximately 700 nm in length, with highly ordered structures of approximately 40 nm spacing and approximately 15 nm wall thickness may be grown independent of reaction time. The geometrical properties of nanotubes increase with reaction time (mean pore size, pore size distribution [PSD], and porosity approximately 90 nm, approximately 40-127 nm and 45%, respectively for 30 minutes; approximately 107 nm, approximately 63-140 nm and 56% for one hour; approximately 108 nm, approximately 58-150 nm and 60% for three hours). It is found that the fluorinated chemistry of the nanotubes of F-TiO(2), TiOF(2), and F-Ti-O with F ion incorporation of approximately 5 at.%, and their amorphous structure is the same regardless of the reaction time, while the average roughness (Sa) gradually decreases and the developed surface area (Sdr) slightly increases with reaction time. The results of studies on animals show that, despite their low roughness values, after six weeks the fluorinated TiO(2) nanotube implants in rabbit femurs demonstrate significantly increased osseointegration strengths (41 vs 29 Ncm; P = 0.008) and new bone formation (57.5% vs 65.5%; P = 0.008) (n = 8), and reveal more frequently direct bone/cell contact at the bone-implant interface by high-resolution scanning electron microscope observations as compared with the blasted, moderately rough implants that have hitherto been widely used for clinically favorable performance. The results of the animal studies constitute significant evidence that the presence of the nanotubes and the resulting fluorinated surface chemistry determine the nature of the bone responses to the implants. The present in vivo results point to potential applications of the TiO(2) nanotubes in the field of bone implants and bone tissue engineering.
Wisdom of the Crowd in Egocentric Video Curation (2014)

Videos recorded by wearable egocentric cameras can suffer from quality degradations that cannot always be fixed by current methods. When several wearable video cameras are viewing the same scene, each having highly variable quality, it is possible to combine them into a single high-quality video. Current techniques select for each point in time the highest quality video stream, but the highest quality video may not be relevant. E.g. the best quality video can come from a person that happen to look sideways from the main attraction. We propose the curation of a single video stream from multiple egocentric videos by requiring that the selected video will also view the most interesting region in the scene. Importance of a region is determined by the "wisdom of the crowd", i.e. the number of cameras looking at a region. The resulting video is more interesting and of higher quality than any individual video streams can possibly obtain. Several examples are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of this technique.
The Global Village (1980)

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TRANSIT: Supporting transitions in Peer-to-Peer live video streaming (2014)

The transmission of video content accounts for a large share of today's Internet traffic. While Video-on-Demand (VoD) substantially contributes to this, live streaming events such as video broadcasts from the Olympic Games can cause very high traffic volumes in the short term as well. Such peaks along with high fluctuations triggered by sudden changes in the behavior of users make the design of live streaming systems particularly challenging. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) has proven to be a scalable approach for disseminating content to a large number of users. Accordingly, the body of research offers numerous P2P live streaming approaches tailored towards specific scenarios and assumptions. However, no single approach is able to perform well under all possible conditions. Keeping up a high performance when conditions are changing is a challenge, since topology management and scheduling mechanisms cannot be exchanged easily. Therefore, this paper proposes TRANSIT, a new approach going beyond existing works in that it supports transitions between different live streaming mechanisms. TRANSIT makes different configurations of such mechanisms seamlessly exchangeable to enable the optimal choice of configurations for a wide range of live streaming scenarios. The approach is evaluated using measurement- and trace-based workloads. The results show that TRANSIT is able to maintain a high performance at a low overhead in highly fluctuating environments, whereas static configurations show serious performance degradations.
A damage-responsive DNA binding protein regulates transcription of the yeast DNA repair gene PHR1. (1991)

The PHR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the DNA repair enzyme photolyase. Transcription of PHR1 increases in response to treatment of cells with 254-nm radiation and chemical agents that damage DNA. We report here the identification of a damage-responsive DNA binding protein, termed photolyase regulatory protein (PRP), and its cognate binding site, termed the PHR1 upstream repression sequence, that together regulate induction of PHR1 transcription after DNA damage. PRP activity, monitored by electrophoretic-mobility-shift assay, was detected in cells during normal growth but disappeared within 30 min after irradiation. Copper-phenanthroline footprinting of PRP-DNA complexes revealed that PRP protects a 39-base-pair region of PHR1 5' flanking sequence beginning 40 base pairs upstream from the coding sequence. A prominent feature of the foot-printed region is a 22-base-pair palindrome. Deletion of the PHR1 upstream repression sequence increased the basal level expression of PHR1 in vivo and decreased induction after exposure of cells to UV radiation or methyl methanesulfonate, whereas insertion of the PRP binding site between the CYC1 upstream activation sequence and "TATA" sequence reduced basal level expression and conferred damage responsiveness upon a reporter gene. Thus these observations establish that PRP is a damage-responsive repressor of PHR1 transcription.
The effect of uterine contractions on fetal oxygen saturation (1995)

Uterine contractions during normal labour affect fetal oxygen saturation.
The Binding of TAPBPR and Tapasin to MHC Class I Is Mutually Exclusive (2013)

The loading of peptide Ags onto MHC class I molecules is a highly controlled process in which the MHC class I-dedicated chaperone tapasin is a key player. We recently identified a tapasin-related molecule, TAPBPR, as an additional component in the MHC class I Ag-presentation pathway. In this study, we show that the amino acid residues important for tapasin to interact with MHC class I are highly conserved on TAPBPR. We identify specific residues in the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of TAPBPR involved in associating with MHC class I. Furthermore, we demonstrate that residues on MHC class I crucial for its association with tapasin, such as T134, are also essential for its interaction with TAPBPR. Taken together, the data indicate that TAPBPR and tapasin bind in a similar orientation to the same face of MHC class I. In the absence of tapasin, the association of MHC class I with TAPBPR is increased. However, in the absence of TAPBPR, the interaction between MHC class I and tapasin does not increase. In light of our findings, previous data determining the function of tapasin in the MHC class I Ag-processing and presentation pathway must be re-evaluated.
Random-number generation on digital computers (1967)

Random sampling methods are valuable not only for providing solutions to problems involving probability but also for solving many problems that are deterministic in nature. Haphazard generation of numbers has several serious disadvantages, since the numbers used in the computation cannot be reproduced and thus rational ``debugging'' procedures cannot be developed. Over the past 20 years there has been a strong emphasis on arithmetic generators, which are based on recurrence relations involving integers.
Targeting the MHC Class II antigen presentation pathway in cancer immunotherapy (2012)

The success of immunotherapy relies on the participation of all arms of the immune system and the role of CD4+ T lymphocytes in preventing tumor growth is now well established. Understanding how tumors evade immune responses holds the key to the development of cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss how MHC Class II expression varies in cancer cells and how this influences antitumor immune responses. We also discuss the means that are currently available for harnessing the MHC Class II antigen presentation pathway for the development of efficient vaccines to activate the immune system against cancer.
Characterization of two monoclonal antibodies against secretory proteinase of<i>Candida tropicalis</i>DSM 4238 (1993)

Two murine IgM monoclonal antibodies (mAb; MT1 and MT2), which were produced against the secretory aspartic proteinase of Candida tropicalis DSM 4238, are described. Both antibodies reacted with the native and denatured conformations of the homologous proteinase antigen but showed different patterns of reactivity with other related proteinases (Candida albicans CBS 2730, serotype A; C. albicans ATCC 48867, serotype B; Candida parapsilosis DSM 4237) and with porcine pepsin. Neither of the antibodies inhibited the proteolytic activity of the homologous enzyme. MT1 also reacted with mannoproteins of C. tropicalis DSM 4238 and C. albicans CBS 2730 and immunofluorescence revealed that this antibody bound to the surface of blastoconidia and pseudomycelia of these two Candida species. A reaction with blastoconidia only was observed with C. albicans serotype B. MT1 also reacted weakly with Candida guilliermondii, but not with C. parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei or Candida kefyr. MT2 did not bind to fungal surfaces. Preliminary experiments suggested that mAb MT1 may recognize a carbohydrate epitope, while MT2 binds to an epitope consisting of the protein part of the enzyme. The two antibodies were used in an ELISA for the detection of proteinase antigen. ELISA with MT1 or MT2 as coating antibodies and a specific protein epitope recognizing mAb-biotin conjugate was able to detect 4 ng ml-1 of antigen. Trials with 26 sera from fungemic patients and 14 sera from controls suggest that MT2 is of potential value in antigen-directed serodiagnosis.