gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rathayibacter gen. nov., Including the Species Rathayibacter rathayi comb. nov., Rathayibacter tritici comb. nov., Rathayibacter iranicus comb. nov., and Six Strains from Annual Grasses (1993)

A new genus, Rathayibacter, is proposed to accommodate three species of gram-positive, aerobic, coryneform bacteria previously placed in the genus Clavibacter (Rathayibacter rathayi comb. nov., Rathayibacter tritici comb. nov., and Rathayibacter iranicus comb. nov.), as well as six strains that were isolated from annual cereal grasses, may be responsible for ryegrass toxicity, and are very similar to the recently described organism Clavibacter toxicus sp. nov. (I. T. Riley and K. M. Ophel, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42:64-68, 1992). The properties of members of the genus Rathayibacter include coryneform morphology, peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (type B2γ), predominant menaquinones of the MK-10 type, and phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as basic polar lipids. The DNA base compositions range from 63 to 72 mol% G+C. The members of the new genus form a phenetic cluster distinct from Clavibacter spp. at a level of 71% (simple matching coefficient) and exhibit 7 to 9% DNA-DNA reassociation with strains of Clavibacter spp. In contrast to Clavibacter spp., most Rathayibacter strains are associated with nematodes belonging to the genus Anguina. The Rathayibacter species differ from species belonging to related genera (e.g., Clavibacter and Agromyces species) in the following characteristics: Menaquinone and whole-cell sugar compositions, results of lysozyme-sodium dodecyl sulfate test (which indicates differences in cell wall composition), ability to utilize a number carbon sources, resistance to bacteriocins of some Clavibacter spp., and other characteristics. The Rathayibacter species can be differentiated from each other by following characteristics: Presence or absence of xylose and galactose in the cell walls, fatty acid composition, ability to assimilate various sources of carbon and nitrogen, hydrolytic activity, tolerance to 5% NaCI and 0.03% potassium tellurite, susceptibility to iranicin, and absence or presence of plasmids of certain sizes. The type species of the genus Rathayibacter is R. rathayi. The type strains of the species are R. rathayi VKM Ac-1601 (= ICMP 2574), R. iranicus VKM Ac-1602 (= ICMP 3496), and R. tritici VKM Ac-1603 (= ICMP 2626).
On the Interpretation of do(x)do(x) (2019)

Abstract This paper provides empirical interpretation of the <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mi mathvariant="italic">d</m:mi> <m:mi mathvariant="italic">o</m:mi> <m:mo mathvariant="normal" fence="true" stretchy="false">(</m:mo> <m:mi mathvariant="italic">x</m:mi> <m:mo mathvariant="normal" fence="true" stretchy="false">)</m:mo> </m:math> do(x) operator when applied to non-manipulable variables such as race, obesity, or cholesterol level. We view <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mi mathvariant="italic">d</m:mi> <m:mi mathvariant="italic">o</m:mi> <m:mo mathvariant="normal" fence="true" stretchy="false">(</m:mo> <m:mi mathvariant="italic">x</m:mi> <m:mo mathvariant="normal" fence="true" stretchy="false">)</m:mo> </m:math> do(x) as an ideal intervention that provides valuable information on the effects of manipulable variables and is thus empirically testable. We draw parallels between this interpretation and ways of enabling machines to learn effects of untried actions from those tried. We end with the conclusion that researchers need not distinguish manipulable from non-manipulable variables; both types are equally eligible to receive the <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mi mathvariant="italic">d</m:mi> <m:mi mathvariant="italic">o</m:mi> <m:mo mathvariant="normal" fence="true" stretchy="false">(</m:mo> <m:mi mathvariant="italic">x</m:mi> <m:mo mathvariant="normal" fence="true" stretchy="false">)</m:mo> </m:math> do(x) operator and to produce useful information for decision makers.
On the Estimation Performance and Convergence Rate of the Generalized Power Method for Phase Synchronization (2017)

An estimation problem of fundamental interest is that of phase (or angular) synchronization, in which the goal is to recover a collection of phases (or angles) using noisy measurements of relative phases (or angle offsets). It is known that in the Gaussian noise setting, the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is an optimal solution to a nonconvex quadratic optimization problem and can be found with high probability using semidefinite programming (SDP), provided that the noise power is not too large. In this paper, we study the estimation and convergence performance of a recently proposed low-complexity alternative to the SDP-based approach, namely, the generalized power method (GPM). Our contribution is twofold. First, we show that the sequence of estimation errors associated with the GPM iterates is bounded above by a decreasing sequence. As a corollary, we show that all iterates achieve an estimation error that is on the same order as that of an MLE. Our result holds under the least restrictive assumption on the noise power and gives the best provable bound on the estimation error known to date. It also implies that one can terminate the GPM at any iteration and still obtain an estimator that has a theoretical guarantee on its estimation error. Second, we show that under the same assumption on the noise power as that in [A. S. Bandeira, N. Boumal, and A. Singer, Math. Program. Ser. A, 163 (2017), pp. 145--167] for the SDP-based method, the GPM will converge to an MLE at a linear rate with high probability. This answers a question raised in [N. Boumal, SIAM J. Optim., 26 (2016), pp. 2355--2377] and shows that the GPM is competitive in terms of both theoretical guarantees and numerical efficiency with the SDP-based method. At the heart of our convergence rate analysis is a new error bound for the nonconvex quadratic optimization formulation of the phase synchronization problem, which could be of independent interest. As a by-product, we give an alternative proof of a result in [N. Boumal, SIAM J. Optim., 26 (2016), pp. 2355--2377], which asserts that every second-order critical point of the aforementioned nonconvex quadratic optimization formulation is globally optimal in a certain noise regime.
The 3020insC NOD2 gene mutation in patients with ovarian cancer. (2008)

1. Despite high frequency of constitutional mutations occurrence in NOD2 gene in women with ovarian cancer, genetic testing seem not to be justified in all women diagnosed with this disease. 2. Due to a lack of increased risk of ovarian cancer in NOD2 gene mutation carriers, proceedings for them may not differ from recommendations for general population. 3. It is difficult to determine characteristic clinical and pathological features of ovarian cancer for NOD2 gene mutation carriers.
Pertussis: the disease and new diagnostic methods (1988)

Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, produces an acute and chronic respiratory infection in infants and young children. B. pertussis is still a major health problem of young children throughout the world even though effective immunization against whooping cough is available. While predominantly a childhood disease, it has been reported also to be a cause of persistent cough in adults. This review discusses the numerous bacterial virulence factors that may play roles in the pathogenesis of pertussis and in immunity to infection. The present problems with pertussis diagnosis, recent advances, and future prospects for new and improved rapid diagnostics tests also are explored.
DNA Data Bank of Japan dealing with large-scale data submission (1999)

The DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) (http//:www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp) has developed a software system for mass submissions to cope with a recent expansion of EST and genome data submissions. The system is composed of four parts, the WWW data submission, large-scale submission, submission management and storing. Using this system one can submit data on a large number of sequences or a very long sequence while checking the consistency between the annotation and sequence without much effort. DDBJ has received large scale data of Homo sapiens, Arabidopsis and Pyrococcus from Japanese researchers who made full use of the new submission system.
Power estimation for mobile applications with profile-driven battery traces (2013)

It becomes very important to understand power characteristics of mobile applications because more and more complex applications are running on modern smartphones. Although many techniques have been proposed to estimate the power dissipation rate for mobile applications, it typically requires hardware support (i.e., power meters) or complex power models (software profiling or hardware parameters). These techniques might work well in labs with a small set of applications. However, it becomes impractical when we try to estimate the power of mobile applications in an uncontrolled environment. This paper proposes a novel method for estimating the power consumption of mobile applications with profile-based battery traces. Battery traces can be easily collected through a user-level application on any devices. Although it is difficult to achieve accurate results for only a few users because battery changes are coarse-grained, the method is expected to reach an accurate estimation when the number of battery traces reaches a certain scale. Our experiments based on battery traces from more than 80,000 users demonstrate that it is possible to estimate application power with only coarse-grained battery traces. The results are also validated with measured power numbers from a Monsoon power monitor.
The effect of <i>C</i>‐2‐carboxyphenyl derivatives of certain heterocyclic compounds on root geotropism in cress seedlings (1980)

Abstract The effects on root geotropism of 2‐carboxyphenyl derivatives of various five‐ and six‐membered heterocyclic compounds have been assessed. In an assay involving cress seedlings, appropriately substituted derivatives of isoxazole, 1,3,4‐ and 1,2,4‐ oxadiazoles, 1,3,4‐thiadiazole, 1,2,4‐triazole, thiazoie, pyridine, pyrimidine and pyridazine were highly effective in eliminating the geotropic response.
Introduction to the magnetotelluric method (2012)

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Intraoperative Phenylephrine Infusion Decreases the Magnitude of Redistribution Hypothermia (1999)

Core hypothermia during the first hour after induction of general anesthesia results largely from an internal core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat. This redistribution results from both central inhibition of tonic thermoregulatory vasoconstriction in the arteriovenous shunt and anesthetic-induced vasodilation. We therefore tested the hypothesis that acute administration of phenylephrine, a pure alpha-adrenergic agonist, reduces the magnitude of anesthetic-induced core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat. Patients undergoing minor oral surgery were randomly assigned to an infusion of 0.5 [micro sign]g [middle dot] kg-1 [middle dot] min-1 phenylephrine IV or no treatment (control). The phenylephrine infusion was started immediately before anesthesia was induced with 2.5 mg/kg propofol IV. Subsequently, anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Calf minus toe, skin-temperature gradients <0[degree sign]C were considered indicative of significant arteriovenous shunt vasodilation. Ambient temperature and end-tidal concentrations of maintenance sevoflurane were comparable in each group. Although there were no significant differences in skin-temperature gradients, core temperatures in the untreated patients decreased significantly more (1.2 +/- 0.4[degree sign]C) than in those given phenylephrine (0.5 +/- 0.2[degree sign]C, P < 0.001). These data suggest that maintaining precapillary vasoconstriction of blood vessels, not in the arteriovenous shunt reduces the magnitude of redistribution hypothermia. Implications: Core hypothermia immediately after induction of general anesthesia results largely from core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat. Core temperature reduction during the first hour of anesthesia decreased less in patients given phenylephrine than in untreated controls. These data suggest that maintaining precapillary vasoconstriction possibly reduces the magnitude of redistribution hypothermia. (Anesth Analg 1999;89:462-5)
Chronic Excessive Acetaminophen Use and Liver Damage (1977)

Severe, often fatal liver damage results from extreme overdosage with acetaminophen. In usual dosage, it is considered harmless. We describe three cases of toxic hepatitis associated with the chronic ingestion of excessive doses of acetaminophen. Each patient took approximately 5 to 8 g of acetaminophen per day during a period of several weeks. The transient elevations of serum hepatocellular enzyme concentrations and the histologic evidence of a toxic hepatitis suggest the liver damage was related to the use of acetaminophen. Alcohol abuse in one patient and negative nitrogen balance in another may have increased the susceptibility to acetaminophen toxicity. With the increasing popularity of acetaminophen for mild pain relief, hepatotoxicity from acute or chronic ingestion may be more common than previously recognized, especially in those patients with predisposing conditions.
Frequency distributions of periodontal attachment loss (1986)

Abstract 3 patterns of attachment loss were described based on curve fitting the frequency distributions of baseline attachment level measurements of 61 subjects with destructive periodontal diseases. The frequency distributions of attachment level measurements of 30 group I individuals were satisfactorily fit by tachment level measurements of 30 group I individuals were saticfactorily fit by the sum of 2 normal curves, while those of 14 group II individuals were fit by the sum of 3 normal curves. Frequency distributions of 17 group III subjects were fit by a single normal curve. A computer algorithm was used to simulate attachment level loss frequency distributions by varying the “burst size” at active lesions and by imposing “immunity” for varying periods of time on sites which had been attacked. Frequency distributions of group I subjects could be simulated using burst sizes between 0.3 and 3.4 mm. These subjects could be divided into 2 groups: 14 subjects with localized minimal attachment loss required an average burst size of < 1 mm, while 16 subjects with more destruction at diseased sites required an average burst size of > 1 mm to simulate their frequency distributions. Frequency distributions of 16 of 17 group III subjects could be simulated using an average burst size of < 1 mm. However, the frequency distributions could also be simulated using larger burst sizes with the imposition of “immunity” for substantial periods of time at the attacked sites. The frequency distributions of group II subjects were more difficult to simulate. A better simulation could be obtained using a large average burst size (> 1 mm) than a small burst size. However, the most satisfactory fit was obtained by the superimposition of a large burst pattern of attack on a distribution created using small bursts. The optimal average sizes of the small and large bursts varied from subject to subject as did the mean attachment level at which the burst size was changed. The simulations suggest that the different frequency distributions result from different modes of progression of attachment loss with burst size and possibly local “immunity” playing major rôles.
2,6-Bis(diphenylphosphino)pyridine-Bridged Hetero-Polynuclear Complexes Consolidated by Fe→M (M = Ag, Hg) Dative Bonding (2001)

The bridging phosphine ligand 2,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)pyridine (L) was used to synthesize a new, neutral organometallic ligand [Fe(CO)(4)](2)(micro-L) 1, which exhibits eclipsed and staggered conformations in two crystalline forms. This Fe,N,Fe-tridentate ligand reacts with silver perchlorate to form the hetero-trinuclear complex [[Fe(CO)(4)](2)Ag(micro-L)](ClO(4)) 2, in which the central silver(I) atom bridges a pair of iron(0) atoms at Fe-Ag distances of 2.627(3) and 2.652(3) A; the Fe-Ag-Fe angle is 170.98(9) degrees. The reaction of 1 with mercury(II) chloride gives [Fe(CO)(4)](2)Hg(2)Cl(4)(micro-L), 3. The ligand also reacts with mercury(II) acetate to form a hetero-octanuclear complex [[Fe(CO)(3)Hg](2)(micro-L)](2) 4 and a novel hetero-heptanuclear complex Fe(3)(CO)(8)Hg(4)(micro-L)(2)(MeCO(2))(2) 5. Complex 4 displays a square metallic core in which the iron and mercury atoms occupy the corners and the centers of the edges, respectively. The metal atoms in 5 are linked to form a kinky line with bends at the iron atoms.
Fixed-wing UAV guidance law for surface-target tracking and overflight (2012)

This study presents a new guidance algorithm for a fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) used for surveillance tracking purposes. In particular, the algorithm ensures continual overflying of the target whether it is fixed or in motion. Attention was paid to the definition of the guidance specifications in order to derive a suitable guidance algorithm capable of fulfilling the requirements under tight constraints including the constancy of airspeed and bounded lateral accelerations. An assessment of the performance of the presented algorithm is given by means of hardware-in-the-loop tests.
Historical and Contemporary NaCl Concentrations Affect the Duration and Distribution of Lag Times from Individual Spores of Nonproteolytic <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> (2007)

In this study we determined the effect of NaCl concentration during sporulation (0 or 3.0% [wt/vol] added NaCl) and subsequent growth (0 or 2.0% [wt/vol] added NaCl) on the distributions of times associated with various stages of the lag phase of individual spores of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum strain Eklund 17B. The effects of NaCl on the probability of germination and the probability of subsequent growth were also determined. Spore populations exhibited considerable heterogeneity at all stages of lag phase for each condition tested. Germination time did not correlate strongly with the times for later stages in the lag phase, such as outgrowth and doubling time. Addition of NaCl to either the sporulation or growth media increased the mean times for, and variability of, all the measured stages of the lag phase (germination, emergence, time to one mature cell, and time to first doubling). There was a synergistic interaction between the inhibitory effects of NaCl in the sporulation medium and the inhibitory effects of NaCl in the subsequent growth medium on the total lag time and each of its stages. Addition of NaCl to either the sporulation medium or the growth medium reduced both the probability of germination and the probability of a germinated spore developing into a mature cell, but the interaction was not synergistic. Spores formed in medium with added NaCl were not better adapted to subsequent growth in suboptimal osmotic conditions than spores formed in medium with no added NaCl were. Knowledge of the distribution of lag times for individual spores and quantification of the biovariability within lag time distributions may provide insight into the underlying mechanisms and can be used to improve predictions of growth in food and to refine risk assessments.
The Postoperative Blood-Sparing Efficacy of Oral Versus Intravenous Tranexamic Acid After Total Knee Replacement (2004)

To assess the blood-sparing efficacy of tranexamic acid (TA) administered orally or via a variable IV infusion, 80 healthy patients undergoing elective total knee replacement were studied according to a prospective, controlled, randomized, single-blinded study design. Patients were allocated to one of four treatment groups. In group TA-long, 30 min before deflation of the limb tourniquet, an IV bolus dose of TA 15 mg/kg was administered over 30 min. Thereafter, a constant IV infusion of 10 mg . kg(-1) . h(-1) was administered until 12 h after final deflation of the limb tourniquet. In group TA-short, a similar regimen was followed; however, the constant IV infusion was discontinued 2 h after final deflation of the limb tourniquet (time of discharge from the postanesthesia care unit). Thereafter, oral TA 1 g was administered after 6 and 12 h. In group TA-oral, 60 min before surgery an oral dose of TA 1 g was administered. After surgery, a similar dose of TA was administered every 6 h for the next 18 h. In the control group, TA was not administered. At patient discharge, postoperative allogeneic blood administration was significantly more in group Control when compared with each of the three TA treatment groups. Because oral drug administration is simple and does not require specific infusion equipment, the authors suggest that oral TA is a superior blood-sparing strategy compared with IV drug administration.
Graceful preemption for multi-link link layer protocols (1983)

This paper discusses a powerful priority mechanism that can be used on a physical communication medium supporting multiple, independent, logical data links. This scheme allows a high priority message to immediately interrupt a lower priority message which is in the process of being transmitted, and yet will not require the retransmission of the first part of the lower priority message; hence, the term graceful preemption. Graceful preemption may be extended to furnish multiple priority levels similar to existing processor interrupt structures which implement multiple levels. This protocol may serve a single processor which handles several different processes, or several independent stations that share a common bus. Hence, priority levels can be enforced without the need for a centralized bus “master” or “arbitrator” unit. As an example, the application of graceful preemption to the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) link access procedure, LAPD, is discussed.
Recent advances in prevention and treatment of hepatitis C virus infections (2000)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis in humans. As members of the flavivirus family, HCVs are a group of small single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses. Upon translation of the genome, a polyprotein precursor is synthesized and further processed by both cellular and viral proteases to generate functional viral proteins. Treatment options are currently limited to the administration of alpha-interferon alone or in combination with ribavirin. Unfortunately, these approaches are characterized by relatively poor efficacy and an unfavorable side-effect profile. Therefore, intensive effort is directed at the discovery of novel molecules to treat this disease. These new approaches include the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, the identification of interferons with improved pharmacokinetic characteristics, and the discovery of novel drugs designed to inhibit the function of three major viral proteins: protease, helicase and polymerase. Finally, the HCV RNA genome itself, particularly the IRES element, is being actively exploited as an antiviral target using antisense molecules and catalytic ribozymes. This review summarizes the most recent findings in each of these areas. Although not intended to be comprehensive, it should serve as a first resource for those individuals who desire updated information in this rapidly changing field.