gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of growth-inhibitory activities associated with an alpha-macroglobulin of mice. (1982)

An alpha-macroglobulin (AMG) of similar size and proteinase-binding activity as those of human, alpha 2-macroglobulin was purified to homogeneity from mouse plasma. Even after additional purification steps, AMG still retains a growth-inhibitory activity and a more complex subunit structure than does human alpha 2-macroglobulin. AMG can inhibit the DNA synthesis of all types of murine tumor cells tested in vitro. This activity is cytostatic, dose dependent, and unaffected by the serum concentration in culture. Because this inhibitory activity is resistant to heat, pH 3, and methylamine, it is apparently unrelated to the proteinase-binding activity which is labile to all these treatments. Furthermore, in contrast to the proteinase-binding activity, the inhibitory activity can be partially removed from AMG by acid dialysis. Gel filtration of the dialysate yields two fractions (Mr 12,000 and 1,000 to 5,000) which potently inhibit murine tumor cells but stimulate both the B- and T-lymphocyte reactivities to mitogens in vitro. The growth-inhibitory activities in these fractions are resistant to digestions by chymotrypsin, RNase, and DNase. We conclude from this study that AMG does not inhibit tumor growth by virtue of its proteinase-binding activity; it may inhibit tumor cells via the small biomediators it carries.
How to expose an eavesdropper (1984)

We present a new protocol for establishing secure communications over an insecure communications charmel in the absence of trusted third parties or authenticated keys. The protocol is an improvement over the simpler protocol in which the communicating parties exchanged their public encryption keys and used them to encrypt messages. It forces a potential eavesdropper--if he wants to understand the messages--to reveal his existence by modifying and seriously garbling the communication.
Design of a Fluorine-18 Production System at ORNL Cyclotron Facility. Part 2 (1977)

A fluorine-18 recovery system using an anion-exchange side-stream column was designed for the H/sub 2//sup 18/O target at the ORNL 86-inch cyclotron. The extent of radiolysis was determined and a catalyst vessel, containing a palladium catalyst, was incorporated to recombine the radiolysis product gases. The preliminary design of an externally bombarded gas target for the production of /sup 18/F/sub 2/ from /sup 18/O/sub 2/ was also completed.
APOE ε4 lowers age at onset and is a high risk factor for Alzheimer's disease; A case control study from central Norway (2008)

APOE epsilon4 is a very strong risk factor for AD in the population of central Norway, and lowers age at onset of LOAD significantly.
Modified Rapid Deployment Hemostat Bandage Terminates Bleeding in Coagulopathic Patients with Severe Visceral Injuries (2004)

The Modified Rapid Deployment Hemostat terminates bleeding from severe visceral injuries in coagulopathic patients undergoing abbreviated laparotomy.
AMPA Receptor Phosphorylation and Synaptic Colocalization on Motor Neurons Drive Maladaptive Plasticity below Complete Spinal Cord Injury (2015)

Clinical spinal cord injury (SCI) is accompanied by comorbid peripheral injury in 47% of patients. Human and animal modeling data have shown that painful peripheral injuries undermine long-term recovery of locomotion through unknown mechanisms. Peripheral nociceptive stimuli induce maladaptive synaptic plasticity in dorsal horn sensory systems through AMPA receptor (AMPAR) phosphorylation and trafficking to synapses. Here we test whether ventral horn motor neurons in rats demonstrate similar experience-dependent maladaptive plasticity below a complete SCI in vivo. Quantitative biochemistry demonstrated that intermittent nociceptive stimulation (INS) rapidly and selectively increases AMPAR subunit GluA1 serine 831 phosphorylation and localization to synapses in the injured spinal cord, while reducing synaptic GluA2. These changes predict motor dysfunction in the absence of cell death signaling, suggesting an opportunity for therapeutic reversal. Automated confocal time-course analysis of lumbar ventral horn motor neurons confirmed a time-dependent increase in synaptic GluA1 with concurrent decrease in synaptic GluA2. Optical fractionation of neuronal plasma membranes revealed GluA2 removal from extrasynaptic sites on motor neurons early after INS followed by removal from synapses 2 h later. As GluA2-lacking AMPARs are canonical calcium-permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs), their stimulus- and time-dependent insertion provides a therapeutic target for limiting calcium-dependent dynamic maladaptive plasticity after SCI. Confirming this, a selective CP-AMPAR antagonist protected against INS-induced maladaptive spinal plasticity, restoring adaptive motor responses on a sensorimotor spinal training task. These findings highlight the critical involvement of AMPARs in experience-dependent spinal cord plasticity after injury and provide a pharmacologically targetable synaptic mechanism by which early postinjury experience shapes motor plasticity.
High power cw and mode-locked oscillators based on Yb:KYW multi-crystal resonators (2008)

We report on a high power diode-pumped laser using multiple bulk Yb:KY(WO(4))(2) (KYW) crystals in a resonator optimised for this operation. From a dual-crystal resonator we obtain more than 24 W of cw-power in a TEM(00) mode limited by the available pump power. We also present results for semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) mode-locking in the soliton as well as positive dispersion regime with average output powers of 14.6 W and 17 W respectively.
The neuromuscular features of acromegaly: a clinical and pathological study. (1984)

A study of the neuromuscular features of acromegaly was performed in six patients. Clinical assessment was supplemented by quadriceps force measurements, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activities, electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies. Muscle mass was measured by urinary creatinine/height indices (CHI) and cross sectional area (CSA) of thighs and calves on computed tomography. Quadriceps force/unit cross sectional area was derived. Needle biopsies of vastus lateralis were studied by histochemical and ultrastructural methods. Mean fibre area (MFA) and fibre type proportions were measured. Most of the subjects studied had muscle pain and proximal muscle weakness confirmed by quadriceps force measurements. This occurred in the absence of muscle wasting, as shown by cross sectional area measurements and normal or raised creatinine/height indices. "Myopathic" features were demonstrated by needle biopsy in half the patients and occasionally by electromyography and raised plasma creatine kinase activity. Abnormalities on needle biopsy included variation in fibre size, type 2 fibre atrophy and large type 1 MFA relative to type 2 MFA. Electronmicroscopy showed the non-specific findings of increased glycogen accumulation, excess lipofuscin pigment and myofilament loss.
Mammalian TAK1 Activates Snf1 Protein Kinase in Yeast and Phosphorylates AMP-activated Protein Kinase in Vitro (2006)

The Snf1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family is important for metabolic regulation and is highly conserved from yeast to mammals. The upstream kinases are also functionally conserved, and the AMPK kinases LKB1 and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase activate Snf1 in mutant yeast cells lacking the native Snf1-activating kinases, Sak1, Tos3, and Elm1. Here, we exploited the yeast genetic system to identify members of the mammalian AMPK kinase family by their function as Snf1-activating kinases. A mouse embryo cDNA library in a yeast expression vector was used to transform sak1Delta tos3Delta elm1Delta yeast cells. Selection for a Snf+ growth phenotype yielded cDNA plasmids expressing LKB1, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase, and transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase (TAK1), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase family. We present genetic and biochemical evidence that TAK1 activates Snf1 protein kinase in vivo and in vitro. We further show that recombinant TAK1, fused to the activation domain of its binding partner TAB1, phosphorylates Thr-172 in the activation loop of the AMPK catalytic domain. Finally, expression of TAK1 and TAB1 in HeLa cells or treatment of cells with cytokines stimulated phosphorylation of Thr-172 of AMPK. These findings indicate that TAK1 is a functional member of the Snf1/AMPK kinase family and support TAK1 as a candidate for an authentic AMPK kinase in mammalian cells.
Incorporation of T4 bacteriophage in electrospun fibres (2013)

These results are significant in the context of controlling and preventing bacterial infections in perishable foods during storage.
Pharmacophore identification of ascofuranone, potent inhibitor of cyanide-insensitive alternative oxidase of Trypanosoma brucei (2012)

Trypanosoma brucei is a parasite that causes human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). The parasites depend on the cyanide-insensitive trypanosome alternative oxidase (TAO) for their vital aerobic respiration. Ascofuranone (AF), a potent and specific sub-nanomolar inhibitor of the TAO quinol oxidase, is a potential novel drug with selectivity for HAT, because mammalian hosts lack the enzyme. To elucidate not only the inhibition mechanism but also the inhibitor-enzyme interaction, AF derivatives were designed and synthesized, and the structure-activity relationship was evaluated. Here we identified the pharmacophore of AF that interacts with TAO. The detailed inhibitory profiles indicated that the 1-formyl and 6-hydroxyl groups, which might contribute to intramolecular hydrogen bonding and/or serve as hydrogen-bonding donors, were responsible for direct interaction with the enzyme.
A Trust System Architecture for SCADA Network Security (2009)

This paper discusses the use of a communications network security device, called a trust system, to enhance supervisory control and data-acquisition (SCADA) security. The major goal of the trust system is to increase security with minimal impact on existing utility communication systems. A previous paper focused on the technical operation of the trust system by augmenting routers to protect User Datagram Protocol (UDP)-based traffic. This paper concentrates on placing the trust system into a broader context, creates new trust system implementations to increase its flexibility, and demonstrates the trust system using TCP traffic. Specifically, the article expands on previous work in the following ways: 1) the article summarizes major threats against SCADA systems; 2) it discusses new trust system implementations, which allow the trust system to be used with a wider array of network-enabled equipment; 3) it discusses key SCADA security issues in the literature and shows how the trust system responds to such issues; 4) the paper shows the impact of the trust system when widely prevalent TCP/IP network communication is used; and 5) finally, the paper discusses a new hypothetical scenario to illustrate the protection that a trust system provides against insider threats.
The impact of biomarkers in multivariate algorithms for bladder cancer diagnosis in patients with hematuria (2011)

Addition of biomarkers representing diverse carcinogenic pathways can significantly impact on the ROC statistic based on demographics. Benign prostate hyperplasia was a significant confounding pathology and identification of nonmuscle invasive urothelial cancer remains a challenge.
Staff retention: a major key to management's success. (2000)

The number of qualified and competent clinical laboratory sciences (CLS) professionals is rapidly declining. As competition grows and the clinical laboratory comes under greater scrutiny, the laboratories that survive will be those that recognize that their, employees are their greatest asset. However, retaining expert CLS professionals requires a dramatic change in management's belief system regarding the value of its personnel assets. Management must create a culture of empowered people who have the freedom to exhibit self-direction in achieving the organization's mission and goals. Management must consider its employees valuable enough to invest in their professional growth. A laboratory's long-term sustainability and economic performance will depend on a committed workforce that supports their organization's success.
Determination of Volatile Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Emulsions and Latexes by Gas Chromatography (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Volatile Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Emulsions and Latexes by Gas ChromatographyF. M. Nelsen, F. T. Eggertsen, and J. J. HolstCite this: Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 9, 1150–1152Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60177a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60177a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Empirical hardness models (2009)

Is it possible to predict how long an algorithm will take to solve a previously-unseen instance of an NP-complete problem? If so, what uses can be found for models that make such predictions? This article provides answers to these questions and evaluates the answers experimentally. We propose the use of supervised machine learning to build models that predict an algorithm's runtime given a problem instance. We discuss the construction of these models and describe techniques for interpreting them to gain understanding of the characteristics that cause instances to be hard or easy. We also present two applications of our models: building algorithm portfolios that outperform their constituent algorithms, and generating test distributions that emphasize hard problems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques in a case study of the combinatorial auction winner determination problem. Our experimental results show that we can build very accurate models of an algorithm's running time, interpret our models, build an algorithm portfolio that strongly outperforms the best single algorithm, and tune a standard benchmark suite to generate much harder problem instances.
Digital biomarker of mental fatigue (2021)

Mental fatigue is an important aspect of alertness and wellbeing. Existing fatigue tests are subjective and/or time-consuming. Here, we show that smartphone-based gaze is significantly impaired with mental fatigue, and tracks the onset and progression of fatigue. A simple model predicts mental fatigue reliably using just a few minutes of gaze data. These results suggest that smartphone-based gaze could provide a scalable, digital biomarker of mental fatigue.
Die Korrelation der Flußänderungen in zwei verschiedenen Probenquerschnitten infolge reversibler Flußleitung (1966)

Gegeben sei eine stabförmige ferromagnetische Probe, die durch ein sich kontinuierlich änderndes homogenes Feld ummagnetisiert werde. Für die folgende Betrachtung werde ein so großes Dimensionsverhältnis der Probe vorausgesetzt, daß die entmagnetisierende Wirkung vernachlässigt werden kann.
Factors Affecting SME Export Channel Choice in Foreign Markets (2007)

Determining market channels is usually considered a discrete decision made by the expanding firm (e.g., Anderson & Coughlan, 1987; Bello & Gilliland, 1997; Solberg & Nes, 2002). In reality, this decision is often limited by knowledge constraints and customer demands. We find an example of this in Gamma's attempt at entering the Italian market (Hohenthal, 2001).
Variability in Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Composition of the Oil of Coconut (<i>Cocos nucifera</i> L.) Hybrids and Their Parentals (2002)

The fatty acid profiles and triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions of oils from the solid endosperm of different Philippine coconut hybrids and their parentals were determined by using gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In general, varietal differences in fatty acid composition were observed. Lauric acid (C12) content was significantly higher in the hybrids PCA 15-8 (50.45%) and PCA 15-9 (50.26%) by about 3.16% points as compared to other hybrids, and higher in Tacunan Green Dwarf (50.50%) among the parentals. Among the fatty acids, lauric acid exhibited the least variation. In general, none of the hybrids had higher fatty acid content than their parentals. The HPLC chromatogram of triacylglycerols (TAG) showed 8 major peaks which differ in carbon number (CN) by two: identified as TAG CN 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, and 44. TAGs CN 30 (4.08%) and CN 34 (19.20%) were found to be significantly higher in PCA 15-9 than in the other hybrids. CN 36 was highest (21.94-23.66%) in all hybrids and parentals. The TAG CNs varied significantly among hybrids and parents, i.e., in CN 30, 32, and 34, which are high in medium chain triacylglycerols (MCTs), and in CN 30 (for parentals only), 40, 42, and 44 (the latter two for parentals only), and none in CN 36. MCTs calculated for two hybrids and their parents ranged from 13.81% to 20.55%.
Region based parametric motion representation (2002)

A region based parametric motion estimation approach is proposed. As a feature based approach, sequential images are firstly represented in a multi-scale region hierarchy, then temporally adjacent region sets are matched along scale-space by symbolic optimization of compound criteria based region similarity, so that temporal region correspondence and the parametric motion representation can be obtained. The motion of regions is represented in affine transformation and estimated in a coarse-to-fine manner so that an intrinsic topological constraint can be applied to enhance the stability of the optimization. Finally the regions are grouped to uniform motion region (UMR) by their motion consistency to realize a compact representation. Compared with classical optical flow methods, our approach shows three advantages. First, motion meaning is easy to interpret at high-level. Second, fundamental problems such as aperture problem, boundary problem, or large motion problem can be some what tackled by applying structure information. Third, computation is more stable and efficient because of the symbolic feature-based methodology and the multi-scale framework.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Technology as Analytical Tool in Agricultural Biotechnology (2005)

The agricultural biotechnology industry applies polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology at numerous points in product development. Commodity and food companies as well as third-party diagnostic testing companies also rely on PCR technology for a number of purposes. The primary use of the technology is to verify the presence or absence of genetically modified (GM) material in a product or to quantify the amount of GM material present in a product. This article describes the fundamental elements of PCR analysis and its application to the testing of grains. The document highlights the many areas to which attention must be paid in order to produce reliable test results. These include sample preparation, method validation, choice of appropriate reference materials, and biological and instrumental sources of error. The article also discusses issues related to the analysis of different matrixes and the effect they may have on the accuracy of the PCR analytical results.
Business Intelligence and Analytics: From Big Data to Big Impact (2012)

Business intelligence and analytics (BI&A) has emerged as an important area of study for both practitioners and researchers, reflecting the magnitude and impact of data-related problems to be solved in contemporary business organizations. This introduction to the MIS Quarterly Special Issue on Business Intelligence Research first provides a framework that identifies the evolution, applications, and emerging research areas of BI&A. BI&A 1.0, BI&A 2.0, and BI&A 3.0 are defined and described in terms of their key characteristics and capabilities. Current research in BI&A is analyzed and challenges and opportunities associated with BI&A research and education are identified. We also report a bibliometric study of critical BI&A publications, researchers, and research topics based on more than a decade of related academic and industry publications. Finally, the six articles that comprise this special issue are introduced and characterized in terms of the proposed BI&A research framework.
Anomaly detection in hyperspectral images through spectral unmixing and low rank decomposition (2016)

Anomaly detection has been known to be a challenging, ill-posed problem due to the uncertainty of anomaly and the interference of noise. In this paper, we propose a novel low rank anomaly detection algorithm in hyperspectral images (HSI), where three components are involved. First, due to the highly mixed nature of pixels in HSI, instead of using the raw pixel directly for anomaly detection, the proposed algorithm applies spectral unmixing algorithms to obtain the abundance vectors and uses these vectors for anomaly detection. Second, for better classification, a dictionary is built based on the mean-shift clustering of the abundance vectors to better represent the highly-correlated background and the sparse anomaly. Finally, a low-rank matrix decomposition is proposed to encourage the sparse coefficients of the dictionary to be low-rank, and the residual matrix to be sparse. Anomalies can then be extracted by summing up the columns of the residual matrix. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on both synthetic and real datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed approach constantly achieves high detection rate while maintaining low false alarm rate regardless of the type of images tested.
Community-Based Epidemiological Investigations of Cysticercosis Due to Taenia solium: Comparison of Serological Screening Tests and Clinical Findings in Two Populations in Mexico (1994)

We compared a plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with an immunoblot--or enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot--assay (EITB) for the identification of cases of human neurocysticercosis due to Taenia solium and of risk factors for this disease in two Mexican villages. Findings related to age- and sex-specific seroprevalence, risk factors for transmission, and associated morbidity differed significantly according to the assay used. Rates of EITB positivity were significantly higher among persons with a history of convulsions than among those without such a history (29% vs 8%; P < .05); in contrast, ELISA results were negative for all persons with a history of convulsions. The association of seizures with neurocysticercosis in this population was strengthened by the higher rate of abnormal findings compatible with neurocysticercosis on computed tomography of the brain among individuals with a history of convulsions than among those without such a history (70% vs 14%; P < .001). In summary, EITB was more sensitive and specific than ELISA for epidemiological studies of neurocysticercosis.