gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum inference on Bayesian networks (2014)

Performing exact inference on Bayesian networks is known to be $#P$-hard. Typically approximate inference techniques are used instead to sample from the distribution on query variables given the values $e$ of evidence variables. Classically, a single unbiased sample is obtained from a Bayesian network on $n$ variables with at most $m$ parents per node in time $O(nmP{(e)}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$, depending critically on $P(e)$, the probability that the evidence might occur in the first place. By implementing a quantum version of rejection sampling, we obtain a square-root speedup, taking $O(n{2}^{m}P{(e)}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}})$ time per sample. We exploit the Bayesian network's graph structure to efficiently construct a quantum state, a q-sample, representing the intended classical distribution, and also to efficiently apply amplitude amplification, the source of our speedup. Thus, our speedup is notable as it is unrelativized---we count primitive operations and require no blackbox oracle queries.
Investigation of local electrical properties of coincidence-site-lattice boundaries in location-controlled silicon islands using scanning capacitance microscopy (2008)

We used scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) to investigate the electrical activity of grain boundaries consisting of random and coincidence-site-lattice (CSL) boundaries in location-controlled silicon islands, which were fabricated using the μ-Czochralski process with an excimer laser. The SCM results suggest that the electrical activity of the {122}∑9 CSL boundary is much smaller than that of a random boundary, and the {111}∑3 CSL boundary is negligible. This is consistent with previous theoretical predictions and experimental results for thin-film transistors.
III-V/Silicon Lattice-Matched Tandem Solar Cells (2005)

A two-junction device consisting of a 1.7-eV GaNPAs junction on a 1.1-eV silicon junction has the theoretical potential to achieve nearly optimal efficiency for a two-junction tandem cell. We have demonstrated a monolithic III-V-on-silicon tandem solar cell in which most of the III-V layers are nearly lattice-matched to the silicon substrate. The cell includes a GaNPAs top cell, a GaP-based tunnel junction (TJ), and a diffused silicon junction formed during the epitaxial growth of GaNP on the silicon substrate. To accomplish this, we have developed techniques for the growth of high crystalline quality lattice-matched GaNPAs on silicon by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy.
How money has changed, and why it matters (2014)

Will the expansionary monetary policies of central banks in the United States, in Europe, in the United Kingdom and in Japan lead the global economy into another period of economic ruin? If some economic pundits are right, asset price bubbles and then their collapse are on the way. For an Austrian economist there is no other conclusion to draw. At question is whether economic prophecies of ruin are prescient or mistaken.
Comet Assay Studies of Radiation-induced DNA Damage and Repair in Various Tumour Cell Lines (1994)

We used the 'comet assay' to compare the amount of radiation-induced DNA damage in three tumour cell lines (MeWo, PECA 4451 and PECA 4197) and the extent of DNA repair in two of these lines (MeWo and PECA 4197). Tumour cells were irradiated with X-rays (0.1-10 Gy), embedded in agarose on slides, lysed with sodium dodecyl sulphate and exposed to an electric field. DNA migrated within the agarose and formed comets whose length depended on the amount of DNA damage. When the cells were incubated at 37 degrees C for various time intervals before electrophoresis started, the comets shrank in the course of time, indicating repair of DNA damage. All three cell lines showed the same extent of DNA damage after radiation exposure, despite the fact that in the colony-forming assay MeWo and PECA 4451 were much more sensitive to radiation exposure than PECA 4197. The repair characteristics, however, were markedly different for MeWo and PECA 4197 cells. PECA 4197 cells showed a much faster restoration of the original shape of the cell nucleus than MeWo cells.
Human UTY(KDM6C) Is a Male-specific Nϵ-Methyl Lysyl Demethylase (2014)

The Jumonji C lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate- and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenases. KDM6A (UTX) and KDM6B (JMJD3) are KDM6 subfamily members that catalyze demethylation of N(ϵ)-methylated histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27), a mark important for transcriptional repression. Despite reports stating that UTY(KDM6C) is inactive as a KDM, we demonstrate by biochemical studies, employing MS and NMR, that UTY(KDM6C) is an active KDM. Crystallographic analyses reveal that the UTY(KDM6C) active site is highly conserved with those of KDM6B and KDM6A. UTY(KDM6C) catalyzes demethylation of H3K27 peptides in vitro, analogously to KDM6B and KDM6A, but with reduced activity, due to point substitutions involved in substrate binding. The results expand the set of human KDMs and will be of use in developing selective KDM inhibitors.
Vaginal Dryness: A Comparison of Prevalence and Interventions in 11 Countries (2009)

Women from different countries differ substantially in their experiences, concerns, and reports of vaginal dryness/sexual pain, as well as their familiarity with personal lubricants as a treatment. Researchers should assess the prevalence and degree of the bother of vaginal dryness in order to make international comparisons of the burden of this condition.
Dual Wavelength Optical Head for 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm Substrate Thicknesses (1997)

A dual wavelength optical head for 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm substrate thicknesses, containing 635 nm and 785 nm laser diodes, has been developed. Holographic optical element (HOE) type optics and variable magnification type optics are described. For both types of optics, high light power efficiency is obtained, which is suitable for random access memory (RAM) applications. Moreover, the use of 785 nm light makes it possible to read compact disc-recordable (CD-R). A readout operation for a quadruple density CD and a conventional CD has been successfully demonstrated.
Shedding light on the dark and weakly fluorescent states of green fluorescent proteins (1999)

Recent experiments on various similar green fluorescent protein (GFP) mutants at the single-molecule level and in solution provide evidence of previously unknown short- and long-lived "dark" states and of related excited-state decay channels. Here, we present quantum chemical calculations on cis-trans photoisomerization paths of neutral, anionic, and zwitterionic GFP chromophores in their ground and first singlet excited states that explain the observed behaviors from a common perspective. The results suggest that favorable radiationless decay channels can exist for the different protonation states along these isomerizations, which apparently proceed via conical intersections. These channels are suggested to rationalize the observed dramatic reduction of fluorescence in solution. The observed single-molecule fast blinking is attributed to conversions between the fluorescent anionic and the dark zwitterionic forms whereas slow switching is attributed to conversions between the anionic and the neutral forms. The predicted nonadiabatic crossings are seen to rationalize the origins of a variety of experimental observations on a common basis and may have broad implications for photobiophysical mechanisms in GFP.
QiLoc: A Qi wireless charging based system for robust user-initiated indoor location services (2015)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel user-initiated indoor localization system called QiLoc. QiLoc is a simple yet effective way to accurately locate and identify occupants of Qi-compatible devices inside buildings. The system is composed of QiLoc Stations and a QiLoc Server. A QiLoc Station is usually embedded inside or under a desk/table. By using the Qi wireless charging protocol, it can extract the unique ID of a charging device, thus locating the occupant. The QiLoc Server maintains the location information of all occupants, and provides a set of APIs via standard web services such as location, ad hoc group membership, and authentication. Using these primitives, QiLoc enables various smart home applications. We have deployed QiLoc in an office building and implemented a number of applications, including a smartphone app that identifies people in the same physical space, and a Windows-based notification system that provides live updates of colleagues' locations. We also demonstrate how QiLoc can enhance human interaction and productivity by integrating with industrial solutions like calendar, instant messaging, and email systems.
Constant Time Updates in Hierarchical Heavy Hitters (2017)

Monitoring tasks, such as anomaly and DDoS detection, require identifying frequent flow aggregates based on common IP prefixes. These are known as hierarchical heavy hitters (HHH), where the hierarchy is determined based on the type of prefixes of interest in a given application. The per packet complexity of existing HHH algorithms is proportional to the size of the hierarchy, imposing significant overheads.
Electron-beam-induced deposition with carbon nanotube emitters (2002)

Electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) is performed with multiwalled carbon nanotube emitters that are assembled to atomic force microscope cantilevers through nanorobotic manipulations. A typical experiment shows that under 120 V bias, field emission current 2 μA occurs from a nanotube emitter. In comparison with conventional EBID with a Schottky-type electron gun of a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) in the same vacuum chamber, the deposition rate of the nanotube emitter reaches up to 12.2% of that of FESEM although the bias and the emission current are only 0.8% and 1.9% of those of FESEM (15 kV and 106 μA). The concept of parallel EBID is also presented.
The presence of a myeloid cell population showing strong reactivity with monoclonal antibody directed to difucosyl type 2 chain in epiphyseal bone marrow adjacent to joints affected with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its absence in the corresponding normal and non-RA bone marrow. (1988)

The presence of a specific type of cell, highly expressing difucosyl type 2 chain (dimeric Lex; FH-4 antigen), was found in the epiphyseal bone marrow cells of affected joints from patients with active severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The antigen was defined by monoclonal antibody FH-4 which was previously found to be directed to the oncofetal marker. The FH-4(+) cell population was identified as myeloid cell lineage with usual morphology specifically found in bone marrow of patients with severe RA, but is virtually absent in the same cell fraction of patients with osteoarthritis, infectious arthritis, and from normal adult subjects.
Potentially Useful Polyolester Lubricant Additives: An Overview of Antioxidants, Antiwear and Antiseize Compounds (1996)

Reliable service lubrication of compressors with polyolesters that do not contain additives is the optimal goal for hermetic compressor use. Chlorine derived from CFC and HCFC refrigerants is reported to have effective antiwear properties and negates the widespread use of additives in mineral oil lubricated systems. The use of antioxidants for mineral oil and polyolesters have been reported; antioxidant additive activity seems essential for polyolesters.- Antiwear and antiseize additives seem to be a short term goal for use with polyolesters. High silicone aluminum to steel wear seems to be a primary target for additive use. The interaction of specific heteroatom organic compounds with highly polar surface active synthetic polyolester lubricants is complex. Results of an extensive literature search describe results from a service base determined at ambient conditions. Known lubricant additives used in the hermetic compressor industry, the. mode of action of several types of additives and some lubricant additive chemistry that demonstrates selective thermal stability in conjunction with the chemical structure are examined.
Rapid and economical method for purification of plasmid DNA. (1985)

A preparative procedure for obtaining highly purified plasmid DNA from bacterial cells is described. Rapid preparation of milligram quantities of plasmid DNA is achieved by ethidium-bromide (EtBr)-cleared lysate formation, polyethyleneglycol (PEG) precipitation, and chromatography through a BioGel A-50m column. The average yield of pBR322 DNA from 1 liter of amplified culture by this procedure is 1.8mg and the preparation is highly pure. This method is applied to the cloning of the human β-globin gene cluster.
Taxane-Mediated Antiangiogenesis <b> <i>in Vitro</i> </b> (2004)

Paclitaxel (Taxol) and docetaxel (Taxotere) have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis at low concentrations that do not affect cancer cell proliferation. Here, we used rat aortic rings and human umbilical vein endothelial cells to evaluate the influence of their formulation vehicles Cremophor EL and polysorbate 80, as well as serum binding proteins on taxane-mediated antiangiogenesis. The data show that clinically relevant concentrations of the vehicles and binding proteins nullify the antiangiogenic activity of both taxanes. It is suggested that these agents may need to be used at much higher doses than anticipated for effective antiangiogenic chemotherapy.
Biological study of naphthalene derivatives with antiinflammatory activities (2003)

Abstract In this study, 18 synthetic naphthalene derivatives were tested for their inhibitory effects on the activation of neutrophils stimulated with N ‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP) or phorbol myristic acetate (PMA). Some of these compounds showed significant antiinflammatory activities. In general, esterification of 1‐naphthalene to compound 14 (2‐hydroxymethyl‐1‐naphthol diacetate; TAC) enhanced the antioxidant activity. Compound 15, N,N ‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthylmethyl) amine, has moderate inhibitory activity on neutrophils stimulated with fMLP as compared to Mannich bases of naphthylene derivatives. Either substitution at 1 or 2 position, except TAC, disfavored the inhibitory effects evoked by PMA stimulation. The influence of these compounds on the release of granule enzyme lysozyme‐induced by fMLP was measured. TAC had the highest potency on the inhibition of lysozyme release from rat neutrophil degranulation. The effects of TAC on ionic currents in a mouse neuroblastoma and rat glioma hybrid cell line, NG105‐18, were also investigated with the aid of the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. TAC caused an inhibitory effect on voltage‐dependent L‐type Ca 2+ current ( I Ca,L ) with an IC 50 value of 0.8 µM. The inhibitory effect of TAC on I Ca,L may not be caused by its inhibition of superoxide formation. Such an effect may, also in part, affect neuronal function. Drug. Dev. Res. 60:261–269, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chicken vitellogenin gene-binding protein, a leucine zipper transcription factor that binds to an important control element in the chicken vitellogenin II promoter, is related to rat DBP. (1991)

We screened a chicken liver cDNA expression library with a probe spanning the distal region of the chicken vitellogenin II (VTGII) gene promoter and isolated clones for a transcription factor that we have named VBP (for vitellogenin gene-binding protein). VBP binds to one of the most important positive elements in the VTGII promoter and appears to play a pivotal role in the estrogen-dependent regulation of this gene. The protein sequence of VBP was deduced from a nearly full length cDNA copy and was found to contain a basic/zipper (bZIP) motif. As expected for a bZIP factor, VBP binds to its target DNA site as a dimer. Moreover, VBP is a stable dimer free in solution. A data base search revealed that VBP is related to rat DBP. However, despite the fact that the basic/hinge regions of VBP and DBP differ at only three amino acid positions, the DBP binding site in the rat albumin promoter is a relatively poor binding site for VBP. Thus, the optimal binding sites for VBP and DBP may be distinct. Similarities between the VBP and DBP leucine zippers are largely confined to only four of the seven helical spokes. Nevertheless, these leucine zippers are functionally compatible and appear to define a novel subfamily. In contrast to the bZIP regions, other portions of VBP and DBP are markedly different, as are the expression profiles for these two genes. In particular, expression of the VBP gene commences early in liver ontogeny and is not subject to circadian control.
Reactive oxygen intermediates contribute to necrotic and apoptotic neuronal injury in an infant rat model of bacterial meningitis due to group B streptococci. (1996)

Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) contribute to neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia and trauma. In this study we explored the role of ROI in bacterial meningitis. Meningitis caused by group B streptococci in infant rats led to two distinct forms of neuronal injury, areas of necrosis in the cortex and neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the latter showing evidence for apoptosis. Staining of brain sections with diaminobenzidine after perfusion with manganese buffer and measurement of lipid peroxidation products in brain homogenates both provided evidence that meningitis led to the generation of ROI. Treatment with the radical scavenger alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) (100 mg/kg q8h i.p.) beginning at the time of infection completely abolished ROI detection and the increase in lipidperoxidation. Cerebral cortical perfusion was reduced in animals with meningitis to 37.5+/-21.0% of uninfected controls (P < 0.05), and PBN restored cortical perfusion to 72.0+/-8.1% of controls (P < 0.05 vs meningitis). PBN also completely prevented neuronal injury in the cortex and hippocampus, when started at the time of infection (P < 0.02), and significantly reduced both forms of injury, when started 18 h after infection together with antibiotics (P < 0.004 for cortex and P < 0.001 for hippocampus). These data indicate that the generation of ROI is a major contributor to cerebral ischemia and necrotic and apoptotic neuronal injury in this model of neonatal meningitis.
Crystal structure of GeI<sub>4</sub> at 100 K and 297 K (1993)

Abstract The crystal structure of GeI 4 was refined using 100 K and 297 K X-ray data. GeI 4 crystallizes in the cubic space group P 2 1 / a [unk] (No 205) with a = 11.861(1) Å at 100 K and 12.0303(6) Å at 297 K. Analysis of the displacement parameters gives no hint for rigid body motion.
Synthesis of L-Analogues of 1-(2′,3′-Dideoxy-β-D-glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl)thymine (1999)

β-L(-)-2′,3′-Dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine (3TC), its 5-fluoro derivative ((—)-FTC), 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine (β-L-ddC), and its 5-fluoro derivative (β-L-FddC) have been reported to have anti-HIV and anti-HBV activity. It was of particular interest therefore to develop a series of β-L-d4T analogues bearing several kinds of amino-linker arms at the C-5 position of the pyrimidine moiety in an attempt to find more potent and less toxic anti-HIV agents. In addition, modification of nucleosides with various functional molecules has been attracting wide interest in biological studies since the primary amino groups could be useful for the attachment of either fluorescent dyes or a non-nucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitor. These modified nucleosides were evaluated for antiviral activity against HIV-1LAI in CEMSS cells and HIV-1IIIB in MT4 cells. Unfortunately, none of the compounds exhibited significant anti-HIV activity at the doses tested.
Isolated, Bi-Directional DC-DC Converter for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Applications (2019)

An isolated bi-directional dc-dc converter that exchanges energy between the high-voltage battery (330 V±30%) and low-voltage battery (12 V±30%) of fuel cell electric vehicle is introduced. To achieve optimal performance in both directions, a full-bridge (FB) series resonant converter (SRC) is employed because of its symmetrical input-to-output characteristic and soft-switching operation. In addition, a novel secondary-switch delay and/or lead time control method is incorporated with conventional frequency control to make the converter operate in a wide voltage range in both directions and achieve zero-voltage switching (ZVS) over the entire load range. Moreover, a frequency fold-back is automatically achieved by the lead time control, which makes it possible to regulate the output at light load without employing a conventional burst-mode control. The performance of the proposed control method was evaluated on a 1-kW prototype operating between the 240-450-V high-voltage battery and the 9.5-15.5-V low-voltage battery. To increase the power density of the converter, the prototype is implemented by using planar magnetics, as well as GaN switches operating above 300 kHz switching frequency. The prototype circuit exhibits the maximum efficiency of 96.1%.
Preproendothelin-1 Gene Polymorphism Is Related to a Change in Vascular Reactivity in the Human Mammary Artery In Vitro (2002)

A gene polymorphism of preproendothelin-1 (a G-to-T transversion that predicts a Lys/Asn change at codon 198) associated with an increased risk of hypertension has been recently described in patients carrying the T allele. No study has yet determined the impact of this polymorphism on vascular reactivity, although a functional role for endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of hypertension has been clarified. At subthreshold concentrations, endothelin-1 and angiotensin II induce a potentiation of alpha-adrenergic-dependent vascular tone caused by an increased sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to calcium. We investigated phenylephrine-induced tone and its amplification by endothelin-1 and angiotensin II in human mammary artery rings in vitro. Contractions to phenylephrine (0.1 to 100 micromol) and endothelin-1 (0.1 to 300 nmol) were not significantly different in rings from GT/TT (n=27) and GG (n=21) patients. A subthreshold concentration of endothelin-1 (10 pmol) potentiated a phenylephrine-induced contraction (eg, 44 +/- 12% increase in tone with phenylephrine 1 micromol/L, P<0.001) that was significantly higher in the GT/TT group than in the GG group (eg, 44 +/- 12% versus 82 +/- 11%, P<0.01). A similar effect on response to phenylephrine was observed with a subthreshold concentration of angiotensin II. We also found a higher response to calcium in arteries from GT/TT patients. Endothelium-dependent or -independent relaxations were unaffected by the genotype. These data suggest that the preproendothelin-1 gene polymorphism is associated with a higher potentiating effect of endothelin-1 and angiotensin II, probably in relation with higher calcium sensitivity. These changes in vascular reactivity might help to understand the relations between this polymorphism and cardiovascular disorders.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Large Plasmids (1998)

A protocol combining recombination PCR and long-distance PCR is demonstrated to be highly accurate and rapid for site-directed mutagenesis of large (> 10 kb) plasmids. Application of this protocol to the generation of mutant rabies virus glycoproteins expressed by the baculovirus/insect cell system illustrates the usefulness of this approach in facilitating structure-function relationships in this important eukaryotic expression system.