gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Degradation of Fungicide Captan (2010)

The phthalimide fungicide captan has been widely used to control plant pathogenic fungi. A strain of Bacillus circulans utilized the fungicide captan as sole source of carbon and energy. The organism degraded captan by a pathway involving its initial hydrolysis to yield cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide, a compound without fungicidal activity. The formation of this compound was confirmed by HPLC, IR, NMR, and mass spectral analysis. The results also revealed that cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide was further degraded to o-phthalic acid by a protocatechuate pathway. These findings indicated that there was a complete mineralization of fungicide captan by B. circulans.
Scheduling Variable Field-of-View Sensors for Tracking Multiple Objects (2018)

We propose the FOV of a sensor as a parameter to be controlled in real time to improve tracking performance. In contrast to earlier contributions, we take into account the measurement origin uncertainty in selecting the on-line sensor schedule. Two objects and two viewing modes are considered. The trace of the sum of approximations to the predicted covariances of the objects are used to select the mode at each instant of time; these approximations take into account the probability of target detection and the probability of false alarm. Simulations illustrate the superiority of the policy in comparison with fixed policies.
Acid decomposition of tosylazocyclohex-1-ene and 3-tosylazocholesta-3,5-diene (1973)

The decomposition in acetic acid of tosylazocyclohex-1-ene and 3-tosylazocholesta-3,5-diene is described. The first furnishes a mixture of 1,2-cyclohexanediol diacetate (3), 1-tosylcyclohex-2-ene (4), cis-2-tosylbicyclo-[3.1.0]hexane (5), trans-2-tosyl-1-acetoxycyclohexane (6), (Z)-2-tosylcyclohexan-1-one tosylhydrazone (7), and (E)-2-tosylcyclohexan-1-one tosylhydrazone (8); the second furnishes practically the sole 3-acetoxy-6-beta-tosylcholest-4-ene (9).
Beyond Regulation of Cell Adhesion: Local Control of RhoA at the Cleavage Furrow by the p0071 Catenin (2007)

P120(ctn) is the prototype of a subfamily of armadillo proteins that also comprises p0071, delta-catenin, ARVCF and the more distantly related plakophilins 1-3. These proteins have well established roles in regulating adherens junction and desmosome formation which critically depends on their capacity to cluster cadherins. Besides this function in cell adhesion that is mediated by a membrane associated pool, these proteins also show cytoplasmic and nuclear localization. While their nuclear function is still enigmatic, major progress in understanding their cytoplasmic role has been made. In the cytoplasm, the p120 catenins appear responsible for the spatio-temporal control of small Rho-GTPases in various cellular contexts. Whereas p120(ctn) has a major function in regulating cell adhesion and motility through controlling Rho-GTPases, a recent report shows that the closely related protein p0071 associates and regulates RhoA at the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Overexpression and knockdown of p0071 induced a cytokinesis defect that was mediated by up- or downregulation of RhoA activity at the contractile ring. There, p0071 interacted directly with RhoA itself and with the Rho-GEF Ect2. Full activation of RhoA required Ect2 as well as p0071 indicating that these two proteins act in conjunction to regulate RhoA during cytokinesis. Here we discuss the function of p120 catenins as versatile scaffolds that confer specificity to the complex regulation of Rho-GTPases. By controlling numerous stimulating guanine exchange factors (GEFs) and inhibiting GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) via the formation of multiprotein complexes at the right time and place, they direct the spatio-temporal control of Rho-signalling.
ANTIBODY ENZYME CONJUGATES THE PREPARATION OF INTERMOLECULAR CONJUGATES OF HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE AND ANTIBODY AND THEIR USE IN IMMUNOHISTOLOGY OF RENAL CORTEX (1973)

The studies reported were done with the objectives of preparing several different peroxidase-labeled antibody conjugates and of testing their usefulness for the detection of soluble and insoluble tissue antigens. Glutaraldehyde, toluene diisocyanate and N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide were used to cross-link horseradish peroxidase to goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G; the resulting conjugates were characterized by molecular size and enzymatic and immunologic activity. They were then tested for their properties as immunohistologic reagents using 0.5-µ sections of freeze-substituted paraffin-embedded renal cortical tissue. Excellent results were obtained with a highly polymerized conjugate made with glutaraldehyde and with an unpolymerized conjugate made with toluene diisocyanate. With the use of these conjugates tissue localization of both soluble and insoluble antigens was achieved after subsequent fixation of tissue and counterstaining with periodic acid-Schiff-hematoxylin.
Empirical Equations for the Power Requirement of Mixing Impellers, Having a Wide Range of Applicability (1957)

1) An empirical equation by which to calculate the power consumption of paddle-agitators were obtained as follows:(27)where(19)(22)(23)This equation has a wide range of applicability with slight errors.The powers consumed by the impellers having various number of blades can be calculated by the method of approximation mentioned in the previous report1).2) The maximum power consumption of paddle-agitators can also be calculated by Eq. (27), in which for Re are substituted the values of Rc, and Rθ obtained from the following equation.For the paddle having a blade angle of 90°, (28)For the paddle having an arbitrary angle of θ, (30)3) Fairly good agreements were obtained between those values calculated by the equations and those obtained by the experiments.
Stereospecific Addition Reaction between Butadiene and Amines (1973)

Abstract The reaction of butadiene with secondary amines initiated by n-butyllithium was found to proceed selectively to produce 1-dialkylamino-cis-butene-2 under appropriate reaction conditions. For instance, diethylamine produced 1-diethylamino-cis-butene-2 in a 98–99% purity. By kinetic and spectroscopic studies, it was concluded that the lithium dialkylamide-dialkylamine (1:2) complex plays an important role in this addition reaction. The second-order rate constants of the reaction are 0.85×10−3 l/mol sec for diethylamine and 2.4×10−3 l/mol sec for diisobutylamine.
Improvement of high reliability inverted rib-waveguide lasers by the observation of degradation mechanisms (1985)

IRW lasers were examined by electroluminescence, photoluminescence, cathodoluminescence, X-ray topography and electron-beam-induced current imaging. Dark line defects were observed in some devices and were found to be associated with lattice dislocations. These defects could be forced to grow by aging the devices and are associated with poorly lattice matched epitaxial growth. Dark spot defects were also observed in some devices and could be generated by exposure to extremely high current densities. These observation techniques can be used to screen out wafers that may produce defective devices later in processing, and complement stringent individual device validation tests.
Luminescent Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals Containing Copper: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Applications (2016)

Copper-doped semiconductors are classic phosphor materials that have been used in a variety of applications for many decades. Colloidal copper-doped semiconductor nanocrystals have recently attracted a great deal of interest because they combine the solution processability and spectral tunability of colloidal nanocrystals with the unique photoluminescence properties of copper-doped semiconductor phosphors. Although ternary and quaternary semiconductors containing copper, such as CuInS2 and Cu2ZnSnS4, have been studied primarily in the context of their photovoltaic applications, when synthesized as colloidal nanocrystals, these materials have photoluminescence properties that are remarkably similar to those of copper-doped semiconductor nanocrystals. This review focuses on the luminescent properties of colloidal copper-doped, copper-based, and related copper-containing semiconductor nanocrystals. Fundamental investigations into the luminescence of copper-containing colloidal nanocrystals are reviewed in the context of the well-established luminescence mechanisms of bulk copper-doped semiconductors and copper(I) molecular coordination complexes. The use of colloidal copper-containing nanocrystals in applications that take advantage of their luminescent properties, such as bioimaging, solid-state lighting, and luminescent solar concentrators, is also discussed.
Flashing Inception in Flowing Liquids (1980)

The inception of net vaporization in flashing flows is examined. It is suggested that the flashing inception can be expressed as two additive effects. One is due to the static decompression which is a function of the initial temperature and also of the expansion rate. The other effect which is a function of Reynolds number and flashing index, is due to the turbulent fluctuations of the flowing liquid. It is shown that by taking a three standard deviation band on the turbulent velocity fluctuations, an adequate representation of the inverse mass flux effect on flashing inception for existing data is obtained. The turbulence effects are combined with the correlation of Alamgir and Lienhard to provide predictive methods recommended for the case where both static and convective decompression effects exist.
On modeling GridFTP using fluid-flow approximation for high speed grid networking (2004)

We quantitatively evaluate the performance of GridFTP operating with the existing TCP by using a mathematical analytic approach. GridFTP has the following mechanisms for solving the problems of the existing TCP. First, for accelerating the start-up in the TCP's slow start phase and achieving high throughput in the TCP's congestion avoidance phase, multiple TCP connections can be established in parallel. Second, according to the bandwidth-delay product of a network, the TCP socket buffer size can be adjusted between GridFTP server and client. However, in the literature, sufficient investigation has been performed neither on the optimal number of TCP connections, nor the optimal configuration of the TCP socket buffer size. Therefore, in this paper, by focusing on the number of TCP connections and the TCP socket buffer size, we quantitatively investigate the optimal parameter configuration of GridFTP, in particular, in terms of the number of TCP connections and the TCP socket buffer size.
Microwave-Assisted Aqueous Synthesis:  A Rapid Approach to Prepare Highly Luminescent ZnSe(S) Alloyed Quantum Dots (2006)

In this paper, we present a new procedure for the rapid synthesis of luminescent ZnSe nanocrystals in aqueous phase by microwave irradiation with controllable temperature. The effects of microwave irradiation and experimental conditions on the synthesis of nanocrystals were investigated systematically. It was found that there were significant effects of pH value of reaction solutions, molar ratio of precursors, and heating time of microwave irradiation on the optical properties of the ZnSe nanocrystals. A series of nanocrystals with different size was prepared in 1 h, and the photoluminescence quantum yield reached up to 17% at the optimal reaction condition. The results of HRTEM and XRD showed that the as-prepared nanocrystals had high crystallinity. The characterizations of EDS spectra and elemental analysis showed that the sulfur content of nanocrystals increased with the growth of nanocrystals. We speculated that the structure of nanocrystals was an alloy ZnSe(S) shell on the surface of the ZnSe particles core. Furthermore, we found that the oxygen from air in the reaction vessel played an important role in the decomposition of the thiol group under microwave irradiation.
The LYR protein subunit NB4M/NDUFA6 of mitochondrial complex I anchors an acyl carrier protein and is essential for catalytic activity (2014)

Mitochondrial complex I is the largest and most complicated enzyme of the oxidative phosphorylation system. It comprises a number of so-called accessory subunits of largely unknown structure and function. Here we studied subunit NB4M [NDUFA6, LYR motif containing protein 6 (LYRM6)], a member of the LYRM family of proteins. Chromosomal deletion of the corresponding gene in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica caused concomitant loss of the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein subunit ACPM1 from the enzyme complex and paralyzed ubiquinone reductase activity. Exchanging the LYR motif and an associated conserved phenylalanine by alanines in subunit NB4M also abolished the activity and binding of subunit ACPM1. We show, by single-particle electron microscopy and structural modeling, that subunits NB4M and ACPM1 form a subdomain that protrudes from the peripheral arm in the vicinity of central subunit domains known to be involved in controlling the catalytic activity of complex I.
Precise measurement of flow rates of vaporized tetraethylgermanium carried by an inert gas (1992)

The ‘‘rate-of-rise’’ technique has been applied for the measurement of the flow rate of tetraethylgermanium carried in a stream of argon. A very precise time counter designed and constructed for this purpose is described. A simple model is presented where the flow rate of the vapor is proportional to its partial pressure and to the flow rate of the carrier gas and inversely proportional to the partial pressure of the carrier gas. The assumed applicability of the equation of state of the ideal gas to the discussed system is successfully tested by means of the flow rate dependence on temperature in the range from −19 to 20 °C and its comparison with data computed from the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. Finally thermodynamic properties of tetraethylgermanium namely vaporization enthalpy and saturated vapour pressure at standard temperature are calculated from the results of flow rate measurements.
스포츠 구단의 Social Network Service(SNS)활동 관여도와 구단이미지 및 태도, 구단 충성도와 구전의도에 대한 관계 (2011)

본 연구는 스포츠 구단의 Social Network Service(SNS) 활동 관여도에 따른 구단이미지 및 태도, 구단에 대한 충성도와 구전의도에 대한 관계를 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 현재 국내· 외 기업 및 공공기관에서 온라인 마케팅 도구인 소셜 네트워크를 활용한 성공사례가 많아짐에 따라 스포츠분야에서도 발 빠르게 그 흐름을 맞춰나가고자 노력하고 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 구단의 효율적인 Social Network Service(SNS) 활용방안과 체계적인 영역 구축 등의 마케팅 전략을 제시하고자 하는데 그 의미가 크다. 연구의 대상은 SNS 이용자 중 스포츠에 참여하거나 경기 관람을 꾸준히 하는 Y대학교 학생들로 설정하였으며 총 400부의 설문지 중 적절하지 못한 37부의 설문지를 제외한 나머지 총 363부의 설문지를 표본으로 선정하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 15.0 과 AMOS 7.0을 활용하였으며 신뢰도 분석, 빈도분석, 확인적 요인분석, 구조방정식모형분석 및 경로분석을 이용해 분석하였다. 이상과 같은 절차를 통해 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 구단의 SNS활동에 대한 관여도는 구단의 이미지 및 태도, 구단 충성도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 구단의 이미지 및 태도는 구단 충성도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 구단 충성도가 구단의 구전의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
Ceramide mediates radiation-induced death of endothelium (2000)

The sphingomyelin (SM) pathway is an ubiquitous, evolutionarily conserved signaling system, analogous to conventional systems such as the cAMP and phosphoinositide pathways. Ceramide is generated from SM by the action of a neutral or acid SMase, or by de novo synthesis coordinated through the enzyme ceramide synthase. Once generated, ceramide may serve as a second messenger in signaling responses to physiologic or environmental stimuli, or may be converted to a variety of structural or effector molecules. In the radiation response, ceramide serves as a second messenger in initiating apoptosis, while some of its metabolites block apoptosis. In certain cells, such as endothelial, lymphoid and haematopoietic cells, ceramide mediates apoptosis while in others ceramide may serve only as a co-signal for or play no role in the death response. Regulated ceramide metabolism may determine the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic signals, and hence, the intensity of the apoptotic response, thus constituting a mechanism of radiation sensitivity or resistance. This paradigm may offer new opportunities for modulation of the radiation effects in the treatment of cancer. Chemical modifiers of ceramide metabolism may be useful to enhance the therapeutic effects or reduce the toxicity of radiation treatment.
Interactive Simulation of Digital Communication Systems (1984)

In this paper we describe efforts to develop a comprehensive tool for the digital simulation of a wide variety of point-to-point digital communication systems. These efforts have resulted in the interactive communications simulator (ICS); a flexible, graphics-oriented, and highly interactive hardware/software system consisting of a typical minicomputer acting as host to a fast peripheral array processor. This system is presently being employed both to evaluate existing modem performance and to explore new modulation/coding concepts appropriate for military, commercial, and space applications. A detailed functional description of the ICS is provided together with pertinent software considerations. An outline of existing ICS capabilities is presented and illustrated through typical, graphical output. A thorough discussion of channel modeling considerations is provided. The use of the ICS in the overall design of receiver structures for impulsive noise channels will be illustrated.
Changing Cataloging Rules in Relation to Changing Patterns of Publication (1996)

Changes in rules for cataloging certain categories of printed material are examined, namely: anonymous works, including those described as being 'by the author of' another named work; pseudonymous works; edited works, i.e., those consisting of collections of writings by several authors; and conference proceedings. The relevant rules from the British Museum, the 1908 joint code, the Bodleian, Cambridge University Library and AACR2 are discussed. Samples of London publications taken in specimen years between 1841 and 1991 show that there has been a decrease in anonymous works and in works with personal authors, offset by a sharp increase in multiple authorship, edited works and conference proceedings.
A compact 3D-printed interface for coupling open digital microchips with Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (2015)

Digital microfluidics (DMF) based on the electrowetting-on-dielectric phenomenon is a convenient way of handling microlitre-volume aliquots of solutions prior to analysis. Although it was shown to be compatible with on-line mass spectrometric detection, due to numerous technical obstacles, the implementation of DMF in conjunction with MS is still beyond the reach of many analytical laboratories. Here we present a facile method for coupling open DMF microchips to mass spectrometers using Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization operated at atmospheric pressure. The proposed interface comprises a 3D-printed body that can easily be "clipped" at the inlet of a standard mass spectrometer. The accessory features all the necessary connections for an open-architecture DMF microchip with T-shaped electrode arrangement, thermostatting of the microchip, purification of air (to prevent accidental contamination of the microchip), a Venturi pump, and two microfluidic pumps to facilitate transfer of samples and reagents onto the microchip. The system also incorporates a touch-screen panel and remote control for user-friendly operation. It is based on the use of popular open-source electronic modules, and can readily be assembled at low expense.
Performance Measurement and Interference Profiling in Multi-tenant Clouds (2015)

The ongoing rush for cloud-based services by small, medium, and large-scale organizations to reduce operational cost and to have more flexibility in the deployment and management of business applications cannot be overemphasized. However, the performance of in-cloud applications is often quite disappointing and unpredictable. Cloud users often perceive the sub optimal and unpredictable performance as anomalies as it is hard to conduct capacity planning based on such unreliable measurements. Performance interference due to resource sharing has been well studied in literature. Representative work includes the study of shared CPU caches, memory bandwidth, hard disks, network bandwidth, and the fair allocation CPU time. There lacks a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay for shared resource under contention such as CPU. In this research work, we focus on predicting application performance by establishing a mathematical relationship between the high-level performance and the low-level CPU multiplexing. We design a synthetic workload with controllable CPU demands to emulate interference workloads in the cloud. We begin our measurements in a controlled environment to study the impact of CPU allocation on application performance. Based on the results from our experiments, we established the interdependency between CPU steal time, and application performance, and confirms that the percentage of CPU steal time influence application performance, even when workloads of equal parameters were submitted for processing on the same system platform. Our experimental results were evaluated against similar experimental results we performed on Amazon EC2 m3.medium model instance. We confirmed that the workload runtime duration on Amazon EC2 m3. medium model instance are significantly been impacted by high CPU steal time percentage due to interference from co-tenants. Therefore, the workload runtime slowdown percentage on submitted workloads on Amazon EC2.medium model instance is the hidden cost incurred by Cloud subscribers in term of time lost. Cloud service providers should pay close attention to CPU steal time percentage as part of system optimization efforts on Xen based cloud platform. We present Multi-tenant Performance Measurement and Interference Profiling system, a Xen based multi-tenant cloud environment designed for performance measurement and profiling.
Pd/Ge-based ohmic contacts to n-InGaAs and n-GaAs for heterojunction bipolar transistors (1997)

Pd/Ge-based ohmic contact behaviors on n-type InGaAs and GaAs were investigated. Good ohmic contacts were obtained by rapid thermal annealing up to 400/spl deg/C, but in the contact to n-InGaAs, degradation was observed above 425/spl deg/C. This was related to phase transformation and atomic redistribution. AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors using this ohmic contact system showed good DC and RF performances, which were strongly dependent on the specific contact resistance.
Characterization of ionotropic glutamate receptors in human lymphocytes (2001)

The effect of L-glutamate (Glu) on human lymphocyte function was studied by measuring anti-CD(3) monoclonal antibody (mAb) or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) rise (Fura-2 method), and cell proliferation (MTT assay). Glu (0.001 - 100 microM) did not modify basal lymphocyte [Ca(2+)](i), but significantly potentiated the effects of anti-CD(3) mAb or PHA. Maximal [Ca(2+)](i) rises over resting cells were: 165+/-8 and 247+/-10 nM at 3.0x10(-2) mg ml(-1) anti-CD(3) mAb; 201+/-4 and 266+/-9 nM at 5.0x10(-2) mg ml(-1) PHA, in the absence or presence of 1 microM Glu, respectively. The Glu effect showed a bell-shape concentration-dependent relationship, with a maximum (+90+/-3% for anti-CD(3) mAb and +57+/-2% for PHA over Glu-untreated cells) at 1 microM. Non-NMDA receptor agonists (1 microM) showed a greater efficacy (+76+/-2% for (S)-AMPA; +78+/-4% for KA), if compared to NMDA (+46+/-2%), or Glu itself. Ionotropic Glu receptor antagonists completely inhibited the effects of the corresponding specific receptor agonists (1 microM). The IC(50) values calculated were: 0.9 microM for D-AP5; 0.6 microM for (+)-MK801; 0.3 microM for NBQX. Both NBQX and KYNA were able to abolish Glu effect. The IC(50s) calculated were: 3.4 microM for NBQX; 0.4 microM for KYNA. Glu (0.1 - 1 mM) did not change the resting cell proliferation, whereas Glu (1 mM) significant inhibited (-27+/-4%) PHA (1.0x10(-2) mg ml(-1))-induced lymphocyte proliferation at 72 h. In conclusion, human lymphocytes express ionotropic Glu receptors functionally operating as modulators of cell activation.