gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Exponential Integrate-and-Fire Model as an Effective Description of Neuronal Activity (2005)

We introduce a two-dimensional integrate-and-fire model that combines an exponential spike mechanism with an adaptation equation, based on recent theoretical findings. We describe a systematic method to estimate its parameters with simple electrophysiological protocols (current-clamp injection of pulses and ramps) and apply it to a detailed conductance-based model of a regular spiking neuron. Our simple model predicts correctly the timing of 96% of the spikes (±2 ms) of the detailed model in response to injection of noisy synaptic conductances. The model is especially reliable in high-conductance states, typical of cortical activity in vivo, in which intrinsic conductances were found to have a reduced role in shaping spike trains. These results are promising because this simple model has enough expressive power to reproduce qualitatively several electrophysiological classes described in vitro.
Comparison of Bi-system 2223 and 2212 thick superconducting tapes: Grain alignment, current density, and strain effects (1991)

Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (2212) and Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (2223) superconductors were fabricated into silver-sheathed tapes by cold rolling and sintering. The resulting samples are compared in terms of microstructural alignment, critical current density, and strain dependence. Although both samples show good grain alignment, that of the 2212 phase is superior due to partial melting during heat treatment. This microstructural superiority is reflected in superior Jc as well. The single-filament and multifilament 2212 tapes have Jc ≳ 5 × 104 A/cm2 and Jc ≳ 1.5 × 104 A/cm2 at 20 T, respectively. Each material shows a similar dependence of Jc upon strain, with the 2223 phase exhibiting slightly more degradation. Furthermore, multifilamentary tapes were less affected by strain than single-filament tapes. A multifilamentary tape at 4.2 K, 0.5 T showed only a weak dependence upon strain, indicating that the strain dependence of the Bi system at low temperature may not be severe.
Identification of peptides in antimicrobial fractions of cheese extracts by electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry coupled to a two‐dimensional liquid chromatographic separation (2006)

Electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-ITMS) coupled to a two-dimensional liquid chromatographic separation was applied to the identification of peptides in antimicrobial fractions of the aqueous extracts of nine Italian cheese varieties. In particular, the chromatographic fractions collected during a preliminary fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) separation on the cheese extracts were assayed for antimicrobial activity towards Lactobacillus sakei A15. Active fractions were subsequently analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization sequential mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI)-ITMSn, with n up to 3. Peptide identification was then performed starting from a conventional proteomics approach based on tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis followed by database searching. In many cases this strategy had to be integrated by a careful correlation between spectral information and predicted peptide fragmentation, in order to reach unambiguous identifications. When even this integrated approach failed, MS3 measurements provided decisive information on the amino acid sequence of some peptides, through fragmentation of pendant groups along the peptide chain. As a result, 45 peptides, all arising from hydrolysis of milk caseins, were identified in nine antimicrobial FPLC fractions of aqueous extracts obtained from five of the nine cheese varieties considered. Many of them corresponded to peptides already known to exhibit biological activity.
A distributed contention control mechanism for power saving in random-access ad-hoc wireless local area networks (2003)

The power consumption of mobile computers connected to wireless networks is negatively affected by the congestion level of the channel, and significantly depends on the medium access control (MAC) protocol policy. This paper illustrates the design and the performance evaluation of a new mechanism for the distributed contention control of the random accesses to the shared transmission channel of a wireless LAN (WLAN). The aim is the design of a distributed access scheme where each frame transmission leads to an optimal power consumption level, from the network interface (NI) viewpoint. To achieve this goal, we present a new analytical model to define the optimal average power consumption required by the NI for a frame transmission, and for a given random-access scheme. Specifically, we considered the Standard IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) access scheme for WLANs. By exploiting the optimal values analytically derived, we define a parametric and adaptive power-save, distributed contention control (PS-DCC) mechanism. The proposed mechanism has been investigated via simulation. The power consumption of the proposed mechanism approximates the analytically defined optimal level, outperforming the Standard 802.11 DCF access scheme. To confirm the absence of overheads introduced, the channel utilization still results closely approximating the optimal values.
Strain-specific variation in the dnaJ gene of mycobacteria (1996)

The polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique was evaluated for species identification among mycobacteria by analysis of the dnaJ gene. Nine clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with different fingerprint patterns all gave the same distinct SSCP banding pattern and could be distinguished from other mycobacteria, such as M. avium. In contrast, considerable strain-specific dnaJ gene variations were observed amongst 42 clinical isolates of M. avium and 13 other atypical mycobacterial strains. Only 62% of the M. avium isolates hybridised to an M. avium-specific probe and only 14% could be identified correctly as M. avium by both probe and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. This finding was supported by direct sequence analysis. Variations were also observed in M. gordonae and M. scrofulaceum isolates. Computerised analysis of M. avium samples broadly identified three clusters. Results suggest that although the SSCP procedure may be useful for distinguishing M. tuberculosis from other mycobacteria, this technique applied to the dnaJ gene may not be suitable for strain identification. The results stress the importance of testing a large collection of clinical isolates before new molecular procedures are introduced into routine laboratories.
[Combination therapy with rituximab and cladribine for patients with follicular lymphoma]. (2007)

Treatment strategies for follicular lymphoma have not been established. We report the outcome after combination therapy with rituximab and cladribine (RC) for 8 patients with follicular lymphoma treated between January 2005 and December 2006 in our hospitals. Median patient age was 57 (range 42 approximately 73) years. There were 4 males and 4 females. Only 1 patient had refractory disease, while the others had untreated disease. On the follicular lymphoma international prognostic index, 4 patients were in the low-risk group, 3 in the intermediate-risk group and 1 in the high-risk group. The median follow-up period was 36 (range 22 approximately 90) weeks. The RC protocol consisted of intravenous rituximab at a dose of 375 mg/m (2) on day 1 and cladribine at a dose of 0.1 mg /kg per day for 2-hours on day 1 through 5. The median number of RC courses was 5 (range 3 approximately 8). The median interval between the 2 courses was 7 (range 3 approximately 26) weeks. The overall response rate was 87.5%. Grade 3 neutropenia was observed in 50% patients, although G-CSF was not needed. There was no apparent thrombocytopenia or anemia. Herpes zoster was observed after treatment in 1 patient. RC is considered highly effective and well tolerated.
Implementing Two-Factor Interest Rate Model with Path-Dependent State Variables (2000)

In the general HJM paradigm, the dynamics of bond prices and spot interest rate are intrinsically non-Markovian. Thus, the model has the path dependent property which requires the information starting from date O. Previous algorithms require the forward scan to keep the information of the maximum and minimum of the state variables at each node. The purpose of this paper is to provide an efficient lattice in the case of two correlated sources of uncertainty We identify the pattern for the maximum and minimum of the state variable and our algorithms require only backward recursion. This procedure saves the computer memory and improve the execution speed. Finally, examples of exact solutions for European claim s will also be provided.
EAR: Enhanced Augmented Reality System for Sports Entertainment Applications (2017)

Augmented Reality (AR) overlays virtual information on real world data, such as displaying useful information on videos/images of a scene. This paper presents an Enhanced AR (EAR) system that displays useful statistical players' information on captured images of a sports game. We focus on the situation where the input image is degraded by strong sunlight. Proposed EAR system consists of an image enhancement technique to improve the accuracy of subsequent player and face detection. The image enhancement is followed by player and face detection, face recognition, and players' statistics display. First, an algorithm based on multi-scale retinex is proposed for image enhancement. Then, to detect players' and faces', we use adaptive boosting and Haar features for feature extraction and classification. The player face recognition algorithm uses boosted linear discriminant analysis to select features and nearest neighbor classifier for classification. The system can be adjusted to work in different types of sports where the input is an image and the desired output is display of information nearby the recognized players. Simulations are carried out on 2096 different images that contain players in diverse conditions. Proposed EAR system demonstrates the great potential of computer vision based approaches to develop AR applications.
Identification of linear B-cell determinants of pertussis toxin associated with the receptor recognition site of the S3 subunit (1991)

Receptor recognition of pertussis toxin is mediated by the B oligomer consisting of subunits S2, S3, 2xS4, and S5. One possible way to interfere with toxin action would be the inhibition of recognition and binding of the cellular receptor(s) by preformed toxin-directed antipeptide antibodies. A prerequisite for this approach is the localization of linear antigenic determinants followed by the identification of inhibitory epitopes. Anti-S2 peptide antibodies have been shown to inhibit binding of the holotoxin to in vitro model receptor systems. For the elucidation of linear antigenic and immunogenic determinants harbored in the S3 subunit, synthetic peptides corresponding to selected linear amino acid sequences of S3 have been prepared and used to raise peptide-specific antibodies in rabbits. All peptides elicited a strong homologous response. Four synthetic peptides reacting with anti-pertussis toxin antibodies (R36-51, R87-95, R134-150, and R147-160) have been identified. Seven synthetic peptides (R1-12, R12-23, R14-29m, R36-51, R95-107, R134-150, and R164-178) induced antibodies recognizing pertussis toxin. Thus, these segments correspond to linear antigenic determinants. Analogous to the S2 subunit, the N terminus of S3 proved to be immunorecessive in the native toxin. The highly homologous S2 subunit was only bound strongly in Western blotting (immunoblotting) by antiserum directed at peptide R164-178, which is identical in the S2 and S3 subunits. A weak recognition of S2 in Western blotting was observed with anti-R95-107 antiserum. The ability of affinity-purified anti-S3 peptide antibodies to interfere with pertussis toxin binding was investigated by hemagglutination of goose erythrocytes as a model receptor system for S3-mediated receptor recognition. Antipeptide antibodies directed at R1-12, R12-23, R14-29m, and R36-51 inhibited hemagglutination of goose erythrocytes. This indicates that the corresponding antigenic regions in the S3 subunit are associated with the formation of the receptor binding domain. Inhibition of B-oligomer-mediated pertussis toxin binding to cellular receptors by preformed antipeptide antibodies of sufficient affinity should not only block the detrimental effects of the S1 subunits, but also interfere with the mitogenic effects attributed to the B oligomer.
Human chorionic gonadotropin. II. Nature of the carbohydrate units. (1969)

Abstract Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was desialyzed by mild acid hydrolysis, reduced with mercaptoethanol, and carboxamidomethylated by iodoacetamide. The resulting alkylated product was subjected to tryptic hydrolysis. Two chromatographically homogeneous glycopeptides were obtained by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 and ion exchange chromatography on Dowex 1. The carbohydrate composition of these glycopeptides was found to be Fuc1, Gal4, Man5, GluNAc6 and Gal2, Man5, GluNAc5. The sequence of monosaccharides in the carbohydrate chains of these highly complex units was determined by stepwise cleavage of the sugars from the nonreducing ends with specific glycosidases, such as β-galactosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, α-mannosidase, and α-l-fucosidase. HCG and desialyzed HCG were also studied with these glycosidases and neuraminidase. The carbohydrate chains in the hormone, as shown by this investigation, have the following monosaccharide sequence: N-acetylneuraminic acid [see PDF for sequence], sialic acid or fucose being at the nonreducing ends of the chains. The carbohydrate unit of each of the above glycopeptides was composed of several chains and was probably linked to the polypeptide chains by an N-acetylglucosaminyl-asparagine linkage. Preliminary studies on the alkaline degradation of HCG suggested that all galactosamine residues were linked to the polypeptide chain by N-acetylgalactosaminyl-serine linkages. Based on these studies, the tentative structures of the carbohydrate units have been proposed.
Bisphosphonates and atherosclerosis. (2009)

The relevance of association between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in clinical settings, and the evidence of a biological linkage between bone and vascular calcification, encourage the search of drugs that may act as dual-purpose therapies, concordantly enhancing bone density and reducing atherosclerosis. Bisphosphonates (BP) reduce bone resorption and fracture risk, and also seem to have the potential to reduce atherosclerotic process. This unexpected activity is the result of their interference with cholesterol synthesis, inflammatory progression, and oxidative stress. Although most animal studies show a clear anti-atherogenic activity of BP, data in humans are not consistent or conclusive, given the high affinity of BP for bone, which prevents them from accumulating in other tissues at the concentration required to exert a clear pharmacological effect.
Methylation of proteins from the translational apparatus: an overview. (1988)

Several of the translational apparatus proteins are methylated in all kinds of organisms. Although most of the modified proteins play key roles during protein biosynthesis, the biological function of these chemical modifications still remains elusive. Our recent data indicate a highly conserved pattern of ribosomal protein methylation in eubacteria, with methylated proteins being both structurally and functionally homologous in several microorganisms. Chloroplast ribosomes also appear to have a rather eubacterial pattern of ribosomal protein methylation. On the other hand, there is an apparently ubiquitous methylation of some of the translational factors in several organisms. These findings suggest an important, albeit unknown role for the post-synthetic methylation of the translational machinery. The analysis of the sequences of known methylation target sites and the search of similar sites in other proteins of known sequence, allows to predict those ribosomal proteins or translational factors that may be subjected to post-translational modifications with one or more methyl groups. Although a definitive answer with respect to the biological role of these N-methylations is still missing, a direct correlation between the methylation of some proteins and their biological activity is just beginning to emerge.
Metabolism and Compartmentation of Imported Sugars in Sink Organs in Relation to Sink Strength (1988)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
Degenerative mitral valve disease-contemporary surgical approaches and repair techniques (2017)

Given the increasing age of the US population and the accompanying rise in cardiovascular disease, we expect to see an increasing number of patients affected by degenerative mitral valve disease in a more complex patient population. Therefore, increasing the overall rate of mitral valve repair will become even more important than it is today, and the capability to provide a universally and uniformly accepted quality of repair will have important medical, economic, and societal implications. This article will describe preoperative and intraoperative considerations and the currently practiced mitral valve repair approaches and techniques. The aim of the article is to present our contemporary approach to mitral valve repair in the hope that it can be adopted at other institutions that may have low repair rates. Adoption of simple and reproducible mitral valve repair techniques is of paramount importance if we as a profession are to accomplish overall higher rates of mitral valve repair with optimal outcomes.
Detection of blood group genes using multiplex SNaPshot method (2009)

Blood group detection by SNaPshot method is a practical alternative to antibody-dependent phenotype prediction. Starting with DNA, this method is fast with a turnaround time of 24 hours with mean reagent cost around $2 per SNP detected.
Continuous facesheet low voltage deformable mirrors (1990)

Litton/Itek Optical Systems has been a leader in the development of deformable mirrors for use in high quality optical systems since 1973. The monolithic piezoelectric mirror (MPM), which was introduced in 1974, has been the quality product against which all other visible wavelength compensators have been compared. The stacked actuator deformable mirror (SADM), first delivered in 1980, set new performance standards for infrared systems. These devices continue to maintain high quality large stroke performance in the field. In 1981 Itek began the development of a new concept in deformable mirrors, the low voltage electrodisplacive mirror (LVEM). Itek teamed with Bell Aerospace in 1984 to develop a cooled silicon electrodisplacive mirror (CSEM) technology. The CSEM development emphasized extending the LVEM technology to high energy laser systems applications by incorporating a silicon multiport pin-fin heat exchanger into the mirror structure. Recently, in 1988, Itek began developing a cost efficient cooled mirror technology compatible with moderate flux levels and quantity production. The LVEM uncooled technology has matured and represents the current state of the art in deformable mirror performance. Upon its maturity, the CSEM technology will provide both high performance and cost efficient cooled deformable mirrors for the needs of the high energy laser community.
Screening the Child for Sports Participation (1983)

Sports physicals probably do not differ appreciably from routine physicals in actual practice. The sports examination is a unique assessment requiring the careful attention of the health care provider to specific data that contribute to a more complete assessment of the child's readiness to participate in and compatability with a given sport. The tool designed herein is presented to assist each health care provider in making such assessments and to document pertinent findings.
The CT motion quantitation of lung lesions and its impact on PET-measured SUVs. (2004)

Using respiration-correlated CT for attenuation correction, we were able to quantitate the fluctuations in PET SUVs. Because those changes may lead to estimates of lower SUVs, the respiratory phase during CT transmission scanning needs to be measured or lung motion has to be regulated for imaging lung cancer in routine clinical practice.
Real-Time Implementation of Single-Doppler Radar Analysis Methods for Tropical Cyclones: Algorithm Improvements and Use with WSR-88D Display Data (2004)

The NOAA/NWS/NCEP/Tropical Prediction Center/National Hurricane Center has sought techniques that use single-Doppler radar data to estimate the tropical cyclone wind field. A cooperative effort with NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory/Hurricane Research Division and NCAR has resulted in significant progress in developing a method whereby radar display data are used as a proxy for a full-resolution base data and in improving and implementing existing wind retrieval and center-finding techniques. These techniques include the ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD), tracking radar echoes by correlation (TREC), GBVTD- simplex, and the principal component analysis (PCA) methods. The GBVTD and TREC algorithms are successfully applied to the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) display data of Hurricane Bret (1999) and Tropical Storm Barry (2001). GBVTD analyses utilized circulation center estimates provided by the GBVTD-simplex and PCA methods, whereas TREC analyses utilized wind center estimates provided by radar imagery and aircraft measurements. GBVTD results demonstrate that the use of the storm motion as a proxy for the mean wind is not always appropriate and that results are sensitive to the accuracy of the circulation center estimate. TREC results support a previous conjecture that the use of polar coordinates would produce improved wind retrievals for intense tropical cyclones. However, there is a notable effect in the results when different wind center estimates are used as the origin of coordinates. The overall conclusion is that GBVTD and TREC have the ability to retrieve the intensity of a tropical cyclone with an accuracy of ∼2 m s−1 or better if the wind intensity estimates from individual analyses are averaged together.
Aziridines (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties 3. Chemical Properties 3.1. Homopolymerization 3.2. Aziridine-Modified Polymers 3.3. Polyfunctional Aziridines 3.4. Miscellaneous 4. Production 4.1. The β-Chloroethylamine Process 4.2. The Dow Process 4.3. The Wenker Process 4.4. Catalytic 2-Aminoethanol Dehydration Process 5. Environmental Protection 6. Uses 7. Economic Aspects 8. Toxicology and Occupational Health 8.1. Ethylenimine 8.2. Propylenimine 8.3. Aziridine Derivatives and Polyethylenimines
A Comparison of two Heparin-Neutralizing Agents: Protamine and Polybrene (1960)

(1960). A Comparison of two Heparin-Neutralizing Agents: Protamine and Polybrene. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 446-457.
Peroxisomal Membrane Ghosts in Zellweger Syndrome—Aberrant Organelle Assembly (1988)

Peroxisomes are apparently missing in Zellweger syndrome; nevertheless, some of the integral membrane proteins of the organelle are present. Their distribution was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. In control fibroblasts, peroxisomes appeared as small dots. In Zellweger fibroblasts, the peroxisomal membrane proteins were located in unusual empty membrane structures of larger size. These results suggest that the primary defect in this disease may be in the mechanism for import of matrix proteins.