gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interdependency of Respiratory Metabolism and Phenazine-Associated Physiology in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 (2019)

Extracellular electron transfer (EET), the reduction of compounds that shuttle electrons to distal oxidants, can support bacterial survival when preferred oxidants are not directly accessible. EET has been shown to contribute to virulence in some pathogenic organisms and is required for current generation in mediator-based fuel cells. In several species, components of the electron transport chain (ETC) have been implicated in electron shuttle reduction, raising the question of how shuttling-based metabolism is integrated with primary routes of metabolic electron flow. The clinically relevant bacterium <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> can utilize carbon sources (i.e., electron donors) covering a broad range of reducing potentials and possesses a branched ETC that can be modulated to optimize respiratory efficiency. It also produces electron shuttles called phenazines that facilitate intracellular redox balancing, increasing the complexity of its metabolic potential. In this study, we investigated the reciprocal influence of respiratory metabolism and phenazine-associated physiology in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PA14. We found that phenazine production affects respiratory activity and terminal oxidase gene expression and that carbon source identity influences the mechanisms enabling phenazine reduction. Furthermore, we found that growth in biofilms, a condition for which phenazine metabolism is critical to normal development and redox balancing, affects the composition of the <i>P. aeruginosa</i> phenazine pool. Together, these findings can aid interpretation of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> behavior during host infection and provide inroads to understanding the cross talk between primary metabolism and shuttling-based physiology in the diverse bacteria that carry out EET.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The clinically relevant pathogen <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> uses diverse organic compounds as electron donors and possesses multiple enzymes that transfer electrons from central metabolism to O<sub>2</sub> These pathways support a balanced intracellular redox state and produce cellular energy. <i>P. aeruginosa</i> also reduces secondary metabolites called phenazines to promote redox homeostasis and virulence. In this study, we examined the reciprocal relationship between these primary and secondary routes of electron flow. We found that phenazines affect respiratory function and that the complement of phenazines produced is strongly affected by growth in assemblages called biofilms. These results provide a more nuanced understanding of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> redox metabolism and may inform strategies for treating persistent infections caused by this bacterium.
A population-based study of colorectal cancer histology in the United States, 1998–2001 (2006)

To date, this is the largest population-based study to analyze CRC histology in the United States. Distinct demographic and clinical patterns associated with different histologies may be helpful for future epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical studies.
Dominant and multiple motion estimation for video representation (2002)

The major inhibitors of rapid access to online video data are costs and management of capture and storage, lack of high-speed real-time delivery and non-availability of content and context based intelligent search and indexing techniques. The solutions for capture, storage and delivery maybe on the horizon, however the lack of visual content based indexing of video and image information may still inhibit as widespread a use of this information modality as that of text or tabular data is currently. We present techniques for compact visual representation of video data that will be useful for visual content based presentation and indexing. Video data comes in torrents-almost a megabyte every 30th of a second-but also affords the exploitation of relatively smoothly changing information over time. The techniques presented exploit the motion information across video frames to represent the underlying scene in a compact visual form as it is seen across many slowly varying frames in a video. Two classes of techniques are presented: (i) dominant motion estimation based techniques which exploit a fairly common occurrence in videos that a mostly fixed background (scene) is imaged with or without independently moving objects, and (ii) simultaneous multiple motion estimation and representation of motion video using layered representations.
Molecular cloning, refined chromosomal mapping and structural analysis of the human gene encoding aldehyde oxidase (AOX1), a candidate for the ALS2 gene (1997)

Aldehyde oxidase (AOX) is a member of the xanthine oxidase (XO) family of molybdenum hydroxylase, iron-sulfur flavoproteins and is involved in the metabolism of a wide range of native and xenobiotic compounds. The potentially toxic reduced oxygen intermediates (ROI), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2(.-)), are generated when reduced AOX becomes oxidized by molecular oxygen, raising the possibility for involvement of AOX in pathophysiology. Indeed, ROI generation by AOX has been directly implicated in hepatic ethanol toxicity. A cDNA encoding human AOX has been cloned, sequenced, and identified as AOX1. AOX1 was proposed as a candidate for an autosomal recessive form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS2) because a YAC carrying AOX1 was mapped to the ALS2 locus and was expressed in microglial cells of the spinal cord. As a source of H2O2, AOX could mediate motor neuron degeneration. To provide a basis for further analysis of AOX1 in pathophysiology, and to examine the relationship of the human AOX1 gene to the gene for human xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), we have studied the chromosomal locus encoding AOX1 in humans. In the present communication, we have analyzed P1 artificial chromosomes containing AOX1. Our refined chromosomal mapping by FISH locates AOX1 very centromere proximal in the 2q33 region at 2q32.3-2q33.1. We present the first complete structural map of an AOX gene and provide direct evidence that human XDH and AOX1 are related by a gene duplication event. In addition, 1500 bp of upstream DNA containing the putative AOX1 promoter were sequenced and expressed. In contrast to the amino acid coding regions, AOX1 and XDH promoter sequences exhibit marked divergence that reflects the differential activation of these closely related genes. Evidence is presented that AOX may be polygenic in humans as it is in plants, Dipterans, and mice.
Expression of Integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> in Gliomas Correlates with Tumor Grade and Is not Restricted to Tumor Vasculature (2008)

In malignant gliomas, the integrin adhesion receptors seem to play a key role for invasive growth and angiogenesis. However, there is still a controversy about the expression and the distribution of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin caused by malignancy. The aim of our study was to assess the extent and pattern of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression within primary glioblastomas (GBMs) compared with low-grade gliomas (LGGs). Tumor samples were immunostained for the detection of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and quantified by an imaging software. The expression of alpha(v)beta(3) was found to be significantly higher in GBMs than in LGGs, whereby focal strong reactivity was restricted to GBMs only. Subsequent analysis revealed that not only endothelial cells but also, to a large extent, glial tumor cells contribute to the overall amount of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin in the tumors. To further analyze the integrin subunits, Western blots from histologic sections were performed, which demonstrated a significant difference in the expression of the beta(3) integrin subunit between GBMs and LGGs. The presented data lead to new insights in the pattern of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin in gliomas and are of relevance for the inhibition of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin with specific RGD peptides and interfering drugs to reduce angiogenesis and tumor growth.
Nondestructive analytical procedure for simultaneous estimation of the major classes of hydrocarbon constituents of finished gasolines (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNondestructive analytical procedure for simultaneous estimation of the major classes of hydrocarbon constituents of finished gasolinesJeffrey J. Kelly and James B. CallisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 14, 1444–1451Publication Date (Print):July 15, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00213a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00213a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Suppression of Persistent Photoconductivity in AlGaN/GaN Ultraviolet Photodetectors Using <italic>In Situ</italic> Heating (2016)

Photodetectors based on the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure suffer from persistent photoconductivity (PPC) in which recovery from the optical stimulus can take days. This behavior is unsuitable for many applications where reliable and consistent optical response is required. This letter presents a method for suppressing PPC in AlGaN/GaN photodetectors by employing device suspension and in situ heating. The highly conductive two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the interface of AlGaN and GaN serves as both a sensor and a heater (via Joule heating). Microfabricated AlGaN/GaN-on-Si ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (suspended and unsuspended) were exposed to UV (365 nm) for 60 s and the transient responses were measured under various in situ heating conditions. The measured transient response showed a decay time of ~39 h when the photodetector was not heated and 24 s for a suspended photodetector with in situ 2DEG heating (270°C with a power of 75 mW). This remarkable suppression of the PPC in AlGaN/GaN UV photodetectors can be attributed to the novel device architecture and in situ heating capability, which enables acceleration of the carrier capture rate during operation.
- RESURF (FRESURF) LDMOSFET Devices with Breakthrough BVdsSRdson (for example: 47V - 0.28mC2.cm2 or 93V - 0.82 mn.cm2) (2004)

In this paper we propose and demonstrate a novel device concept, which is an extension of the conventional - Uface Field (RESURF) concept. A heavily doped n-type floating region is introduced in the conventional lateral DMOSFET (LDMOS) device structure which allows the breakdown capability of the device to he increased significantly while at the same time making it high-side capable. This Floating RESURF (FRESURF) device concept allows the realization of significantly higher breakdown voltage in a thin epitaxy based power IC technology. Several different LDMOS type device structures based on FRESURF concept are proposed, simulated and experimentally demonstrated. Breakthrough BY&-- trade-off has been realized using this device which can be fabricated in a conventional power IC technology without any added process complexity. BY&-- numbers like 47V - 0.28m0.cm2 or 93V - 0.82 mR.cm2 have been realized which are best repotted numbers in the industry for this class of power devices and on-par with some of the numbers achieved using more complicated superjunction technology.
Numerical simulation and experimental study of the heat transition in a foam container (2013)

This study demonstrated how to predict the temperatures inside of a foam container during transportation via a numerical simulation through MATLAB. The temperature inside of the container at any position and time is regarded as a combined temperature of the four side walls, top cover, and bottom panels of the container. In the simulation, an equivalent heat transfer coefficient is calculated through combined free convection and conduction to address the heat transfer from the inside wall to the center of the container. A quadratic running time-based computing method is applied to the heat transition numerical model. A field measurement was carried out to collect the temperature for the foam container during transportation. The collected data were compared to the simulation results. The simulated results and field measured data are in a partial agreement.
Intestinal mucosal adaptation (2006)

Intestinal failure is a condition characterized by malnutrition and/or dehydration as a result of the inadequate digestion and absorption of nutrients. The most common cause of intestinal failure is short bowel syndrome, which occurs when the functional gut mass is reduced below the level necessary for adequate nutrient and water absorption. This condition may be congenital, or may be acquired as a result of a massive resection of the small bowel. Following resection, the intestine is capable of adaptation in response to enteral nutrients as well as other trophic stimuli. Identifying factors that may enhance the process of intestinal adaptation is an exciting area of research with important potential clinical applications.
SOI digital circuits: design issues (2002)

This paper reviews the recent advances in SOI digital CMOS circuits. Particular emphases is placed on the impact of floating-body in partially-depleted devices on the circuit operation, stability, and functionality. Unique SOI design aspects such as parasitic bipolar effect and hysteretic V/sub T/ variation are addressed. Circuit techniques to improve the noise immunity and global design issues are also addressed.
Motion adaptive intra refresh for the H.264 video coding standard (2006)

An intra refresh algorithm is presented which enables low-delay video communication at the efficiency of standard IP-coding schemes. It guarantees a complete recovery of erroneous transmission within a defined time interval at low computational complexity.
A Context-Adaptive Prediction Scheme for Parameter Estimation in H.264/AVC Macroblock Layer Rate Control (2009)

In this paper, we present a novel context-adaptive model parameter prediction scheme for improving the estimation accuracy of the mean absolute difference (MAD) of texture and other model parameters in the linear rate quantization (R-Q) model-based H.264/AVC macroblock layer rate control for low bit rate real-time applications. The context-adaptive prediction scheme simultaneously exploits both spatial correlations and temporal correlations among the neighboring macroblocks within a so-called context of a macroblock. The location and shape of the context as well as the number of neighboring macroblocks in the context are adaptively computed according to local video signal characteristics using a Manhattan distance metric and an improved 2-D sliding window method. The proposed context-adaptive model parameter prediction scheme effectively suppresses the detrimental oscillations of estimated model parameters. Extensive experiments show that compared to the recent H.264/AVC reference software, macroblock layer rate control algorithm using our proposed context-adaptive prediction scheme significantly improves the MAD and model parameter prediction accuracy and bit achievement accuracy, and hence obtains much better rate distortion performance.
Analyzing influence of network topology on designing ISP-operated CDN (2010)

The transmission bandwidth consumed by delivering rich content, such as movie files, is enormous, so it is urgent for ISPs to design an efficient delivery system minimizing the amount of network resources consumed. To serve users rich content economically and efficiently, an ISP itself should provide servers with huge storage capacities at a limited number of locations within its network. Therefore, we have investigated the content deployment method and the content delivery process that are desirable for this ISP-operated content delivery network (CDN). We have also proposed an optimum cache server allocation method for an ISP-operated CDN. In this paper, we investigate the properties of the topological locations of nodes at which cache placement is effective using 31 network topologies of actual ISPs. We also classify the 31 networks into two types and evaluate the optimum cache count in each network type.
HPLC Determination of Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids and Juglone in Walnut Leaves (2012)

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with gradient elution and diode-array detection was developed to quantify free phenolic acids (gallic, vanillic, chlorogenic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, salycilic, elagic and trans-cinnamic), flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, rutin, myricetin and quercetin) and juglone in walnut leaves. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Hypersil Gold C18 column (5 µm particle size, 250 × 4.6 mm) and detection was conducted at three different wavelengths (254, 278 and 300 nm) according to the absorption maxima of the analyzed compounds. Validation procedures were conducted and the method was proven to be precise, accurate and sensitive. The developed method has been applied to analyze walnut leaves samples from nine different cultivars, with the same agricultural, geographical and climatic conditions. The experimental results revealed high concentrations of myricetin, catechin hydrate and rutin, and low concentrations of quercetin and epicatechin aglycones. Ellagic acid was established as the dominating phenolic acid of walnut leaves, followed by trans-cinnamic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids. Juglone content varied between 44.55 and 205.12 mg/100 g fresh weight. Significant differences were detected among cultivars for the concentration levels of phenolics.
Automatic parallelization for graphics processing units (2009)

Accelerated graphics cards, or Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), have become ubiquitous in recent years. On the right kinds of problems, GPUs greatly surpass CPUs in terms of raw performance. However, because they are difficult to program, GPUs are used only for a narrow class of special-purpose applications; the raw processing power made available by GPUs is unused most of the time.This paper presents an extension to a Java JIT compiler that executes suitable code on the GPU instead of the CPU. Both static and dynamic features are used to decide whether it is feasible and beneficial to off-load a piece of code on the GPU. The paper presents a cost model that balances the speedup available from the GPU against the cost of transferring input and output data between main memory and GPU memory. The cost model is parameterized so that it can be applied to different hardware combinations. The paper also presents ways to overcome several obstacles to parallelization inherent in the design of the Java bytecode language: unstructured control flow, the lack of multi-dimensional arrays, the precise exception semantics, and the proliferation of indirect references.
Percutaneous mitral valve repair: A feasibility study in an ovine model of acute ischemic mitral regurgitation (2003)

Annuloplasty is the cornerstone of surgical mitral valve repair. A percutaneous transvenous catheter-based approach for mitral valve repair was tested by placing a novel annuloplasty device in the coronary sinus of sheep with acute ischemic mitral regurgitation. Mitral regurgitation was reduced from 3-4+ to 0-1+ in all animals (P < 0.03). The annuloplasty functioned by reducing septal-lateral mitral annular diameter (30 +/- 2.1 mm preinsertion vs. 24 +/- 1.7 mm postinsertion; P < 0.03). These preliminary experiments demonstrate that percutaneous mitral annuloplasty is feasible. Further study is necessary to demonstrate long-term safety and efficacy of this novel approach.
Temporal Glare: Real‐Time Dynamic Simulation of the Scattering in the Human Eye (2009)

Abstract Glare is a consequence of light scattered within the human eye when looking at bright light sources. This effect can be exploited for tone mapping since adding glare to the depiction of high‐dynamic range (HDR) imagery on a low‐dynamic range (LDR) medium can dramatically increase perceived contrast. Even though most, if not all, subjects report perceiving glare as a bright pattern that fluctuates in time, up to now it has only been modeled as a static phenomenon. We argue that the temporal properties of glare are a strong means to increase perceived brightness and to produce realistic and attractive renderings of bright light sources. Based on the anatomy of the human eye, we propose a model that enables real‐time simulation of dynamic glare on a GPU. This allows an improved depiction of HDR images on LDR media for interactive applications like games, feature films, or even by adding movement to initially static HDR images. By conducting psychophysical studies, we validate that our method improves perceived brightness and that dynamic glare‐renderings are often perceived as more attractive depending on the chosen scene.
Azimuthal Analysis of Shear-wave Splitting for the Characterization of Dipping Cracks (2002)

P256 AZIMUTHAL ANALYSIS OF SHEAR-WAVE SPLITTING FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF DIPPING CRACKS Summary 1 In azimuthally anisotropic media shear-wave birefringence generally varies with both azimuth and offset. Ps mode-converted wide-azimuth field seismic data show azimuthal variations of time delays that can be interpreted as due to either vertical or dipping cracks. This allows us to determine the crack orientation density and direction of crack dip quantitatively. The asymmetry of the time-delay variations provides a qualitative measure of crack dip. Contrary to pure modes (Pp and Ss reflections) Ps mode-converted data are particularly suitable for this inversion as the shear-waves pass
Use of the HLB system in selecting emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization (1961)

Abstract In the present work a wide variety of nonionic emulsifiers and anionic/nonionic blends of emulsifiers were evaluated in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate and styrene. It was found that the emulsion stability and other polymer emulsion properties are often dependent upon a certain property of the emulsifier known as the HLB value. It has been shown elsewhere that the HLB value can be correlated with a fundamental physical property of the system oil–water–emulsifier, namely, the spreading coefficient of the internal phase liquid on the surface of a 1% solution of the emulsifier in the external phase. In the emulsion polymerization of styrene, good emulsion stability coupled with adequate conversion rate was obtained in an emulsifier HLB range of 13 to 16. For certain emulsifier blends it was found that emulsion viscosity and emulsion particle size were strongly dependent on the HLB of the emulsifier. Similar comments apply to vinyl acetate polymerization, except that the most stable emulsions were obtained with emulsifiers in an HLB range from 14.5 to 17.5. These observations on preferred HLB range apply only to nonionic emulsifiers and anionic/nonionic emulsifier blends, which were the emulsifier types screened in the present investigation. For both styrene and vinyl acetate the most generally satisfactory emulsion properties were obtained in the present work by the use of an anionic/nonionic emulsifier blend (G‐3300/G‐3920).