gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fracture Evaluation With Pressure Transient Testing in Low-Permeability Gas Reservoirs (1981)

Summary This paper presents theoretical and practical aspects of methods used to determine formation permeability, fracture length, and fracture conductivity permeability, fracture length, and fracture conductivity in low-permeability, hydraulically fractured gas reservoirs. Methods examined include Horner analysis, linear flow analysis, type curves, and finite-difference reservoir simulators. Introduction The purpose of this paper is to summarize the theoretical background of methods that we have attempted to use to determine formation permeability, fracture length, and fracture conductivity permeability, fracture length, and fracture conductivity in low-permeability, hydraulically fractured gas reservoirs. This summary is intended to emphasize the major strengths and weaknesses of the methods studied. These characteristics have not always been emphasized in the original literature and, in some cases, have remained obscure to the practicing engineer. The paper also includes examples from 13 wells in which postfracture-treatment pressure buildup surveys have been analyzed in detail. Test analysis methods discussed in the paper include (1) a method applicable only after a pseudoradial flow pattern is developed in the pseudoradial flow pattern is developed in the reservoir, (2) a method applicable when linear flow dominates in the reservoir, (3) published type curves, with emphasis on those that include finite- conductivity fractures, (4) a modification of linear- flow techniques useful for finite-conductivity fractures, and (5) use of finite-difference reservoir simulators in a history-matching mode. Pseudoradial Flow Pseudoradial Flow Russell and Truitt pioneered application of methods based on the assumption of pseudoradial flow in a fractured reservoir for determination of formation permeability and fracture length. A working permeability and fracture length. A working definition of pseudoradial flow is that sufficient time has elapsed in a buildup or drawdown test so that bottomhole pressure (BHP) varies linearly with the logarithm of flow time (drawdown) or the Horner time group (tp + delta t)/ delta t (buildup), as expected for radial flow in an unfractured reservoir. In an infinite-acting (unbounded) reservoir, the analysis technique is based on the use of skin factor, s, which can be calculated from (1) and the observation that, for infinitely conductive vertical fractures, (2) Eqs. 1 and 2 can be combined to avoid the intermediate step of calculating s: (3) In principle, we can plot buildup test data on a conventional Horner graph, determine the slope m, and thus estimate formation permeability (k = 162.6 qgBga mu a/mh) and determine fracture half-length, Lf from Eq. 3 (see Fig. 1). JPT P. 1776
Study of the brazing process of CVD diamond thick film (2003)

In this paper,the influence of heating temperature and filled material state on the properties of CVD diamond thick film by the vacuum brazing was discussed.The microstructure of CVD diamond thick film and AgCuTi filled material was analyzed. The results show that the joint strength with 90(Ag72Cu)10Ti filled material foil in 940℃ is high, and TiC produced by Ti and diamond in the filled material is the main factor in performing metallurgical bonding.
Notes - A New Synthesis of cis-1,2-Cyclohexanediol (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - A New Synthesis of cis-1,2-CyclohexanediolFrederick Brutcher, Jr. and George Evans IIICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 4, 618Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1958Publication History Published online28 May 2003Published inissue 1 April 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01098a606https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01098a606research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Management of Flexible Schema Data in RDBMSs - Opportunities and Limitations for NoSQL - (2015)

1. ABSTRACT RDBMSs are designed to manage well-structured data requiring users to design a schema before storing and querying data. This is the ‘schema first, data later’ approach. However, there are significant amount of unstructured data and semi-structured data that cannot be effectively modelled this way. Even if certain parts of the data can be modelled using schema, the inclusion of all fields would typically lead to a very large schema with many optional fields and with frequent schema evolution as data instances vary widely and evolve fast. Obviously, these data requires the ‘data first, schema later/never’ approach. We call these data Flexible Schema Data (FSD) . In this paper, we describe the engineering principles and practices to manage FSD in RDBMSs to meet FSD’s unique requirements and challenges. We describe the limitations and issues of current practices and potential research opportunities. Having a single data platform for managing both well-structured data and FSD is beneficial to users; this approach reduces significantly integration, migration, development, maintenance, and operational issues.
Architecture of the first US direct broadcast satellite system (2002)

The architecture of the system designed to enable DirecTv and United States Satellite Broadcasting to deliver large volumes of programming and information directly to customers homes is described. The design constraints and tradeoffs that lead to the system design and the resulting functional capabilities are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experimentelle Bestimmung der unteren Energieschwelle eines Positronen-Emissions-Tomographen (1999)

Zusammenfassung Ziel: Unter Ausnutzung des kontinuierlichen Energiespektrums von Compton-gestreuten Photonen haben wir die untere Energieschwelle eines Positronen-Emissions-Tomographen (PET) bestimmt. Methode: In der PET werden bei der Datenakquisition Photonen erfaßt, deren Energie in dem Bereich liegt, der durch die untere und obere Schwelle des Energiediskriminators festgelegt ist. Um diese experimentell zu bestimmen, wird gewöhnlich die Energieantwort der Detektoren mit Gammastrahlern unterschiedlicher Energie gemessen, wobei man auf die Verfügbarkeit von Strahlern mit den gewünschten Energien angewiesen ist. Nutzt man hingegen das Energiespektrum von Compton-gestreuten Photonen, steht dafür auch eine kontinuierliche Energieverteilung zur Verfügung, die eine direkte Messung der Energieantwort der Detektoren erlaubt. Für die Messungen wurde eine aktivierte Cu-64-Punktquelle (ø = 1 mm) verwendet, die in eine Aluminiumkugel (ø = 2 cm) eingebracht wurde. Ergebnisse: Die von uns an dem Ganzkörperscanner ECAT EXACT HR+ (CTI/Siemens) gemessenen Werte für die untere Energieschwelle lagen systematisch unter den nominellen Werten und bestätigen damit die Resultate, die von C. Watson für Linienquellen gefunden wurden. Schlußfolgerung: Dies hat zur Folge, daß mehr niederenergetische Photonen gemessen werden als angenommen, was insbesondere bei der Streukorrektur berücksichtigt werden muß.
Adenovirus Infections in Patients Undergoing Bone-Marrow Transplantation (1985)

Viral infection is commonly observed after bone-marrow transplantation. We isolated adenovirus from 51 of 1051 patients undergoing marrow transplantation between 1976 and 1982. Of the 46 isolates available for typing, 13 (27.7 per cent) were of the closely related species 11, 34, or 35 (subgenus B). All 13 of the patients with these species had positive urine cultures. The species have previously been associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or with renal transplantation but are not commonly found in community surveys. Invasive infection was confirmed by biopsy or autopsy in 10 of 51 patients. Seven of the 10 had virus isolated from lung, and 4 died from pneumonia attributed to adenovirus. Two of the five patients with renal isolates had evidence of virally induced renal impairment, and both patients with liver isolates had adenovirus hepatitis. There was no common source that accounted for these adenovirus infections, and the most likely source of infection appeared to be endogenous viral reactivation. The only identifiable risk factor for the development of infection and for severe disease was the presence of moderate to severe graft versus host disease.
Presence of elongation factor 1 in nuclei and nucleoli of rat liver (1978)

Purified rat liver nuclei contain 11% of the total cellular translation elongation factor 1 activity. Ninety percent of the nuclear EF-1 activity was in the nucleoplasm and 10% was nucleolar. The specific activities of the nuclear and nucleolar EF-1 were 2 to 3 times higher, respectively, than EF-1 activity of the liver homogenate. The presence of EF-1 in the purified nuclei did not result from cytoplasmic contamination since only 0.14% of the cellular lactate dehydrogenase was present in the nuclei. These results provide the first evidence for the presence in the cell nucleus of translational factors of protein synthesis.
Increasing the specificity of the forensic luminol test for blood (2001)

It is shown that the presumptive luminol chemiluminescence test for the presence of traces of blood can be made more determinative by measuring the peak emission wavelength of the luminol chemiluminescence. When sprayed onto a surface containing traces of human haemoglobin, a 1 g/L solution of aqueous luminol containing 7 g/L sodium perborate gives an emission peak at 455 +/- 2 nm, whereas the same mixture gives an emission peak at 430 +/- 3 nm when sprayed onto a surface containing traces of sodium hypochlorite (household bleach). This spectral difference can readily be determined using spectroscopic equipment that either scans the spectrum before significant luminescence decay occurs or corrects the spectrum for the effects of any decay. It was found that bovine haemoglobin and human haemoglobin showed no significant spectral differences.
Selective Electroless Copper Deposition within Block Copolymer Microdomains (2000)

We demonstrate a method for the directed formation of layered metallic copper structure within the subsurface morphology of a bulk lamellar block copolymer. Using an electroless deposition process, copper was selectively deposited inside the interconnected microdomain network of the water-permeable block containing preloaded palladium ions. The relatively simple process yields a novel nanoscale composite consisting of alternating layers of metallic copper with those of the hydrocarbon block matrix. The extent of the copper deposition can be controlled by adjusting the deposition rate and deposition time.
Off-plane grating mount tolerances for Constellation-X (2004)

High groove density reflection gratings placed at grazing incidence in the extreme off-plane mount offer increased performance over conventional in-plane mounts in the x-ray. We are developing an off-plane approach to the Reflection Grating Spectrometer of the Constellation-X Mission. In this paper we discuss the geometry of the off-plane mount and present formulae for the key tolerances of the grating array.
Polymerization kinetics of polyacrylamide gels. III. Effect of catalysts (1981)

Abstract The kinetics of photopolymerization, in presence of riboflavin or riboflavin‐5′‐phosphate (FMN), have been studied either spectrophotometrically, at 283 nm, or chemically, by titrating unreacted double bonds with permanganate. The two sets of data are in good agreement and suggest that at least 8 h of light exposure are needed to ensure 95% conversion of monomers into polymers. Up to now, it was generally accepted that photopolymerization should proceed for 1 h. It is not necessary to prolong light exposure for longer than 8 h, because even a 24 h illuminatin period only improves the conversion from 95% to 96%. Although conditions are described which ensure at least 95% conversion of both riboflavin‐and persulfate‐catalyzed gels, their visco‐elastic properties are widely different, suggesting that the final structure of these two matrices must vary considerably as a function of the catalyst used.
Page segmentation using decision integration and wavelet packets (2002)

A new algorithm for layout-independent document page segmentation is suggested. Text, image and graphics regions in a document image are treated as three different "texture" classes. Soft local decisions on small blocks are made using wavelet packet based feature vectors. Segmentation is performed by propagating and integrating soft local decisions over neighboring blocks, within and across scales. The "uncertainties" associated with local decisions are reduced as more contextual evidence is incorporated in the process of decision integration. The majority, taken over weighted combined votes, determines the final decision. The suggested algorithm is based on parallel independent computations which have low complexity. It can also be applied to other signal and image segmentation tasks.
Elastic virtual network function placement (2015)

Nowadays, many cloud providers offer Virtual Network Function (VNF) services that are dynamically scaled according to the workload. Enterprises enjoy these services by only paying for the actual consumed resources. From a cloud provider's standpoint, the cost of these services must be kept as low as possible, while QoS is maintained and service downtime is minimized. In this paper, we introduce Elastic Virtual Network Function Placement (EVNFP) problem and present a model for minimizing operational costs in providing VNF services. In this model, the elasticity overhead and the trade-off between bandwidth and host resource consumption are considered together, while the previous works ignored this perspective of the problem. We propose a solution called Simple Lazy Facility Location (SLFL) that optimizes the placement of VNF instances in response to on-demand workload. Our experiments suggest that SLFL can accept two times more workload while incurring similar operational cost compared to first-fit and random placements.
Topical use of dexpanthenol: a 70th anniversary article (2017)

Approximately 70 years ago, the first topical dexpanthenol-containing formulation (Bepanthen™ Ointment) has been developed. Nowadays, various topical dexpanthenol preparations exist, tailored according to individual requirements. Topical dexpanthenol has emerged as frequently used formulation in the field of dermatology and skin care. Various studies confirmed dexpanthenol's moisturizing and skin barrier enhancing potential. It prevents skin irritation, stimulates skin regeneration and promotes wound healing. Two main directions in the use of topical dexpanthenol-containing formulations have therefore been pursued: as skin moisturizer/skin barrier restorer and as facilitator of wound healing. This 70th anniversary paper reviews studies with topical dexpanthenol in skin conditions where it is most frequently used. Although discovered decades ago, the exact mechanisms of action of dexpanthenol have not been fully elucidated yet. With the adoption of new technologies, new light has been shed on dexpanthenol's mode of action at the molecular level. It appears that dexpanthenol increases the mobility of stratum corneum molecular components which are important for barrier function and modulates the expression of genes important for wound healing. This review will update readers on recent advances in this field.
A biologically based pharmacodynamic model for lipid peroxidation stimulated by trichloroethylene in vitro (1999)

It is often necessary for chemical risk assessment to determine a quantitative relationship between the internal dose of a chemical and its biological effect. The tool best suited for this purpose is a biologically based pharmacodynamic (BBPD) model. Such a BBPD model was developed previously (10) to simulate chemically induced lipid peroxidation, and it was experimentally calibrated in precision-cut mouse liver slices in vitro. The BBPD model simulated formation of lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) over time and was originally calibrated with different concentrations of tert-butyl hydroperoxide and bromotrichloromethane. The objective of the present work is to refine this BBPD model so it can describe the kinetics and the dose response of lipid peroxidation induced by a weakly pro-oxidant chemical, trichloroethylene (TCE). The chemical-dependent model parameters were optimized to reflect the chemistry of TCE. Two basic algorithms, linear and square root, for the description of stoichiometric free radical production from TCE were tested. Predictions with the square root algorithm fit the experimental data employing TBARS as an end point better than those by the linear algorithm. The calibrated BBPD model will be used to support our future mathematical description of TCE pharmacodynamics in vivo.
On improving performance of sparse matrix-matrix multiplication on GPUs (2017)

Sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM) is an important primitive for many data analytics algorithms, such as Markov clustering. Unlike the dense case, where performance of matrix-matrix multiplication is considerably higher than matrix-vector multiplication, the opposite is true for the sparse case on GPUs. A significant challenge is that the sparsity structure of the output sparse matrix is not known a priori, and many additive contributions must be combined to generate its non-zero elements. We use synthetic matrices to characterize the effectiveness of alternate approaches and devise a hybrid approach that is demonstrated to be consistently superior to other available GPU SpGEMM implementations.
Clonal spread of serogroup A meningococci: a paradigm for the analysis of microevolution in bacteria (1994)

Summary Extensive epidemiological analyses of epidemics of meningococcal meningitis have resulted in large, well‐defined strain collections which represent the local diversity and global spread of serogroup A bacteria. Several genes for cell surface proteins are conserved during spread, with a few exceptions: analysis of these exceptions has revealed some of the phenomena which can lead to microevolution. Micro‐evolution is so rapid with serogroup A meningococcal that several independent recombination events have been documented within the last few decades. In a few cases, the recombinant bacteria have become established by clonal replacement plus epidemic spread. Comparison with other bacteria indicates that serogroup A meningococcal provide a number of advantages for analysis of microevolution.
Application of machine vision to traffic monitoring and control (1989)

Research efforts have been made or are in progress on the application of machine vision to traffic monitoring and control. Of all the proposed systems, the wide-area detection system (WADS) appears to be the most reliable. However, limited field tests indicate that some malfunctions exist. Among these are false vehicle detection caused by sudden changes in road illumination and also by shadows or glare on the road produced by automobiles in adjacent lanes. After a brief review of WADS characteristics and problems, algorithm improvements to alleviate these problems are proposed. It is shown that the WADS vehicle detection algorithm becomes more reliable if the vehicle detection threshold includes a term depending on actual road intensity. Finally, an algorithm that would permit vehicle tracking for distances up to 120 m using available charge-coupled-device (CCD) cameras is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quasi-synchronous sampling algorithm and its applications (1994)

Synchronous sampling is a commonly used method with good performance. However, when perfect synchronization is impossible, or when the signal contains interharmonics, undesirable asynchronous deviations between the sampling and some components of the signal may exist. Consequently, possibly large leakage or truncation errors may occur. Consisting of a quasi-synchronous window to reduce the long-range leakage, and a compensation algorithm to reduce the short-range leakage after normal FFT, the method described in this paper will give much more accurate measurement of many electrical quantities, e.g., spectral content of signal and phase difference between two periodic signals in power networks, than the traditional one.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
IKKβ is an IRF5 kinase that instigates inflammation (2014)

The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is essential for the induction of inflammatory cytokines, but the mechanism by which IRF5 is activated is not well understood. Here we present evidence that the kinase IKKβ phosphorylates and activates IRF5 in response to stimulation in several inflammatory pathways, including those emanated from Toll-like receptors and retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors. IKKβ phosphorylates mouse IRF5 at specific residues, including serine 445 (S446 in human IRF5 isoform 1), as evidenced by mass spectrometry analysis and detection with a phosphospecific antibody. Recombinant IKKβ phosphorylated IRF5 at Ser-445 in vitro, and a point mutation of this serine abolished IRF5 activation and cytokine production. Depletion or pharmacologic inhibition of IKKβ prevented IRF5 phosphorylation. These results indicate that IKKβ is an IRF5 kinase that instigates inflammation.