gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: Pancreatic ascites (2008)

A 43-year-old man with known chronic alcoholic pancreatitis was admitted to hospital with a 1-week history of progressive abdominal distension. An abdominal ultrasound study revealed massive ascites but no features of cirrhosis. The ascitic fluid had a high level of amylase (6235 u/L) and lipase (36 800 U/L) typical of pancreatic ascites. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of ascites and identified two pseudocysts in the head of the pancreas. However, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed only dilatation of the main pancreatic duct (Fig. 1). The pseudocysts had disappeared because of reconstruction and subtraction in the presence of ascites. After drainage of the ascitic fluid, he was treated with bowel rest and parenteral nutrition. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) was performed after ascites recurred and revealed an irregular stricture in the main pancreatic duct in the head of the pancreas with proximal duct dilatation, two pseudocysts in the head of the pancreas and a leak (arrow) in the body of the pancreas (Fig. 2). A pancreatic stent that bridged the stricture in the head of the pancreas was only partially effective and was subsequently replaced by a stent that extended over the leak in the body of the pancreas. Thereafter, ascites resolved and the stent was removed after a period of 10 weeks. Pancreatic ascites occurs in up to 5% of patients with acute or relapsing pancreatitis. The disorder is mostly associated with alcoholic pancreatitis and the majority of patients have a pseudocyst that ruptures into the peritoneal cavity. In a minority of patients, pancreatic juice passes into the peritoneal cavity through a fistula associated with pancreatic duct disruption. Previous studies have indicated close agreement between MRCP and ERP in the demonstration of ductal abnormalities and pancreatic fistulae. However, in this case, MRCP was misleading, perhaps because of extensive ascitic fluid. Treatment options for pancreatic ascites include conservative management, endoscopic stents and pancreatic surgery. Parenteral nutrition and treatment with octreotide can be successful in up to 50% of patients. Higher success rates have been reported for endoscopic stents in the main pancreatic duct that facilitate the passage of pancreatic juice into the duodenum. Whether these stents should be positioned across pancreatic duct strictures or across both the stricture and fistula remains unclear. In the above case, the longer stent was of greater benefit, perhaps because of partial blockage of the fistula. Contributed by
ClustVis: a web tool for visualizing clustering of multivariate data using Principal Component Analysis and heatmap (2015)

The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely used method of reducing the dimensionality of high-dimensional data, often followed by visualizing two of the components on the scatterplot. Although widely used, the method is lacking an easy-to-use web interface that scientists with little programming skills could use to make plots of their own data. The same applies to creating heatmaps: it is possible to add conditional formatting for Excel cells to show colored heatmaps, but for more advanced features such as clustering and experimental annotations, more sophisticated analysis tools have to be used. We present a web tool called ClustVis that aims to have an intuitive user interface. Users can upload data from a simple delimited text file that can be created in a spreadsheet program. It is possible to modify data processing methods and the final appearance of the PCA and heatmap plots by using drop-down menus, text boxes, sliders etc. Appropriate defaults are given to reduce the time needed by the user to specify input parameters. As an output, users can download PCA plot and heatmap in one of the preferred file formats. This web server is freely available at http://biit.cs.ut.ee/clustvis/.
Face Recognition Method Based on Improved Independent Component Analysis (2006)

Independent component analysis(ICA) is used as an efficient face feature extraction method.ICA is sensitive to the high-order statistics of the data and finds not-necessarily orthogonal bases,so it can identify and reconstruct high-dimensional face image data better than the principle component analysis(PCA).ICA algorithms are time-consuming and sometimes converge difficultly.A modified fast ICA algorithm is developed,which only needs to compute the Jacobian matrix once in several iterations and achieves the corresponding effect of fast ICA.After obtaining all independent components,a genetic algorithm(GA) is introduced to select optimal independent components(ICs).ICA is compared with the feature extraction method based on PCA.Experimental results show that the modified fast ICA algorithm reduces iteration times and increases the convergence speed.Furthermore,the GA optimizes the recognition performance with least features.The ICA based features extraction method is robust to variations and promising for face recognition.
The TIR-NB-LRR Gene <i>SNC1</i> Is Regulated at the Transcript Level by Multiple Factors (2007)

SNC1 (suppressor of NPR1, constitutive 1) is a haplotype-specific Toll and interleukin-1 receptor-like nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat type of resistance (R)-like gene possibly mediating race-specific disease resistance. Inactivation of its negative regulator BON1 (BONZAI1)/CPN1 and BAP1 genes or upregulation of its expression epigenetically lead to constitutive defense responses and dwarf phenotype. Here, we report an autoactivation of SNC1 by introducing it into Arabidopsis as a transgene. The SNC1 genomic fragment confers a dwarf phenotype induced by defense response upregulation associated with a higher SNC1 transcript level. Analysis of the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene under the control of the SNC1 promoter suggests three modes of regulation on the SNC1 transcript level: a repression by the chromosomal structure, a feedback amplification from SNC1 on its promoter sequences, and a repression by BON1. These regulations appear to be independent of each other. The regulation of SNC1 possibly exemplifies a universally complex control of R genes to ensure a repression of R activation under nonstress conditions and a robust activation of defense responses once the R gene is induced.
Distributed reconfiguration method for 3-D homogeneous structure (1998)

A distributed reconfiguration method is proposed for a 3-D reconfigurable machine, composed of many identical mechanical units. The method aims to enable the machine to transform itself into desired structure from an arbitrary initial configuration. The proposed method is implemented in such a way that each unit has identical software, so that any unit can play any role in the system. It is also fea-tured by a stochastic relaxation process, which allows the system to converge to a given target structure by search-ing for a proper unit motion over many degrees of freedom. Furthermore, the method is extended for the structure to re-configure itself dynamically according to the environment. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by computer simulations. 1
An Accurate and Robust PDL Monitor by Digital Signal Processing in Coherent Receiver (2018)

An accurate and robust PDL monitor based on receiver side DSP is proposed and experimentally verified. The standard deviation of monitor error is 0.1 dB and the method tolerates various imperfections, such as unsynchronized clock.
On the use of space-time adaptive processing and time-frequency data representations for detection of near-stationary targets in monostatic clutter (2002)

The detection of near-stationary targets in mainlobe clutter is a problem that has recently generated a great deal of interest within the Department of Defense community. Some examples of these types of targets are surface vehicles, missile launchers and loitering (micro-) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The root of the difficulty lies in the fact that conventional radar processing loses the ability to use the Doppler of the target to discriminate it from the clutter. Indeed, the target need not even be nearly stationary for this to be a problem - even a rapidly moving target can exhibit low Doppler if its velocity vector is nearly perpendicular to the velocity vector of the observation platform. Raytheon Systems Company (Raytheon) has been investigating a number of advanced algorithmic solutions to this problem within the context of providing a dual-mission capability to currently fielded RF missile systems. This paper describes a processing architecture that combines preprocessing, time-frequency transforms and best bases algorithms and discusses some preliminary results.
Engineering Surface Analysis With Different Wavelet Bases (2003)

Traditional surface texture analysis involves filtering surface profiles into different wavelength bands commonly referred to as roughness, waviness and form. The primary motivation in filtering surface profiles is to map each band to the manufacturing process that generated the part and the intended functional performance of the component. Current trends in manufacturing are towards tighter tolerances and higher performance standards that require close monitoring of the process. Thus, there is a need for finer bandwidths for process mapping and functional correlation. Wavelets are becoming increasingly popular tools for filtering profiles in an efficient manner into multiple bands. While they have broadly been demonstrated as having superior performance and capabilities than traditional filtering, fundamental issues such as choice of wavelet bases have remained unaddressed. The major contribution of this paper is to present the differences between wavelets in terms of the transmission characteristics of the associated filter banks, which is essential for surface analysis. This paper also reviews fundamental mathematics of wavelet theory necessary for applying wavelets to surface texture analysis. Wavelets from two basic categories—orthogonal wavelet bases and biorthogonal wavelet bases are studied. The filter banks corresponding to the wavelets are compared and multiresolution analysis on surface profiles is performed to highlight the applicability of this technique.
Intercrystal scatter studies for a 1 mm <sup>3</sup> resolution clinical PET system prototype (2019)

Positron emission tomography (PET) systems designed with multiplexed readout do not usually have the capability to resolve individual intercrystal scatter (ICS) interactions, leading to interaction mispositioning that degrades spatial resolution and contrast. A 3D position sensitive scintillation detector capable of individual ICS readout has been designed and incorporated into a 1 mm<sup>3</sup> resolution clinical PET system used for locoregional imaging. Incorporating ICS events increases photon sensitivity by 51.5% compared to using only photoelectric events. A Compton scatter angle error minimization algorithm is used to estimate the first ICS interaction location for accurate line-of-response pairing of coincident photons. An optimal scatter angle error threshold of 15 degrees is used to discard ICS events with a high mismatch between energy-derived and position-derived intercrystal scatter angles. Finally, positioning rather than rejecting ICS events boosts peak contrast to noise ratio by 8.1%, and allows for an equivalent dose reduction of 12% while maintaining equivalent image quality.
Measuring Environmental Corrosivity (1980)

A corrosion indicating bridge (CIB) is proposed as an alternate method to metal coupons for measuring the corrosivity of environments. Six environmental chamber tests were made with corrosion indicating bridges which showed precisions of the CIB's within a given test exposure ranging from nine percent to 26 percent. Reasons for this variation are given. In addition, the CIB's were used to compare the six environmental chamber tests which showed an overall precision of abut 30 percent from run to run.
Generation of Murine Cardiac Pacemaker Cell Aggregates Based on ES-Cell-Programming in Combination with Myh6-Promoter-Selection (2015)

Treatment of the "sick sinus syndrome" is based on artificial pacemakers. These bear hazards such as battery failure and infections. Moreover, they lack hormone responsiveness and the overall procedure is cost-intensive. "Biological pacemakers" generated from PSCs may become an alternative, yet the typical content of pacemaker cells in Embryoid Bodies (EBs) is extremely low. The described protocol combines "forward programming" of murine PSCs via the sinus node inducer TBX3 with Myh6-promoter based antibiotic selection. This yields cardiomyocyte aggregates consistent of >80% physiologically functional pacemaker cells. These "induced-sinoatrial-bodies" ("iSABs") are spontaneously contracting at yet unreached frequencies (400-500 bpm) corresponding to nodal cells isolated from mouse hearts and are able to pace murine myocardium ex vivo. Using the described protocol highly pure sinus nodal single cells can be generated which e.g. can be used for in vitro drug testing. Furthermore, the iSABs generated according to this protocol may become a crucial step towards heart tissue engineering.
Effect of combined concentric and eccentric strength training and detraining on force-time, muscle fiber and metabolic characteristics of leg extensor muscles (1981)

Effect of combined concentric and eccentric strength training and detraining on force-time, muscle fiber and metabolic characteristics of leg extensor muscles
BeepBeep (2007)

We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of BeepBeep, a high-accuracy acoustic-based ranging system. It operates in a spontaneous, ad-hoc, and device-to-device context without leveraging any pre-planned infrastructure. It is a pure software-based solution and uses only the most basic set of commodity hardware -- a speaker, a microphone, and some form of device-to-device communication -- so that it is readily applicable to many low-cost sensor platforms and to most commercial-off-the-shelf mobile devices like cell phones and PDAs. It achieves high accuracy through a combination of three techniques: two-way sensing, self-recording, and sample counting. The basic idea is the following. To estimate the range between two devices, each will emit a specially-designed sound signal ("Beep") and collect a simultaneous recording from its microphone. Each recording should contain two such beeps, one from its own speaker and the other from its peer. By counting the number of samples between these two beeps and exchanging the time duration information with its peer, each device can derive the two-way time of flight of the beeps at the granularity of sound sampling rate. This technique cleverly avoids many sources of inaccuracy found in other typical time-of-arrival schemes, such as clock synchronization, non-real-time handling, software delays, etc. Our experiments on two common cell phone models have shown that we can achieve around one or two centimeters accuracy within a range of more than ten meters, despite a series of technical challenges in implementing the idea.
Data Consistency Based Rigid Motion Artifact Reduction in Fan-Beam CT (2007)

It is well known that a rigid in-plane motion can be decomposed into a translation and a rotation around an origin. Based on our previous work, we first extend the Helgason-Ludwig consistency condition (HLCC) to cover a general rigid motion in fan-beam geometry. Then, we model the general motion by several parameters, and develop an iterative scheme for estimation of the in-plane motion parameters. This scheme determines the motion parameters by numerically minimizing an objective function constructed based on the HLCC. After the motion parameters are estimated, image reconstruction can be performed to compensate for the motion effects. Finally, we implement the algorithm and evaluate its performance in numerical simulations.
Anaerobic biodegradation of oleic and palmitic acids: Evidence of mass transfer limitations caused by long chain fatty acid accumulation onto the anaerobic sludge (2005)

Palmitic acid was the main long chain fatty acids (LCFA) that accumulated onto the anaerobic sludge when oleic acid was fed to an EGSB reactor. The conversion between oleic and palmitic acid was linked to the biological activity. When palmitic acid was fed to an EGSB reactor it represented also the main LCFA that accumulated onto the sludge. The way of palmitic acid accumulation was different in the oleic and in the palmitic acid fed reactors. When oleic acid was fed, the biomass-associated LCFA (83% as palmitic acid) were mainly adsorbed and entrapped in the sludge that became "encapsulated" by an LCFA layer. However, when palmitic acid was fed, the biomass-associated LCFA (the totality as palmitic acid) was mainly precipitated in white spots like precipitates in between the sludge, which remained "non-encapsulated." The two sludges were compared in terms of the specific methanogenic activity (SMA) in the presence of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and H(2)CO(2), before and after the mineralization of similar amounts of biomass-associated LCFA (4.6 and 5.2 g COD-LCFA/g of volatile suspended solids (VSS), for the oleic and palmitic acid fed sludge, respectively). The "non-encapsulated," sludge exhibited a considerable initial methanogenic activity on all the tested substrates, with the single exception of butyrate. However, with the "encapsulated" sludge only methane production from ethanol and H(2)/CO(2) was detected, after a lag phase of about 50 h. After mineralization of the biomass-associated LCFA, both sludges exhibited activities of similar order of magnitude in the presence of the same individual substrates and significantly higher than before. The results evidenced that LCFA accumulation onto the sludge can create a physical barrier and hinder the transfer of substrates and products, inducing a delay on the initial methane production. Whatever the mechanism, metabolic or physical, that is behind this inhibition, it is reversible, being eliminated after the depletion of the biomass-associated LCFA.
THE EFFECTS OF ALTERATIONS IN NITRIC OXIDE LEVELS IN THE PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS ON COPULATORY BEHAVIOR AND REFLEXIVE ERECTIONS IN MALE RATS (1999)

Altered NO levels in the PVN affected the frequency of reflexive erections, but not the mount rate. These studies contrast with previous observations of the effects of altered NO levels in the MPOA, and support the hypothesis that physiological specificity in the actions of NO on discrete brain nuclei may have important implications to erectile physiology and dysfunction.
Human amniotic membrane as a chondrocyte carrier vehicle/substrate: <i>In vitro</i> study (2011)

Abstract Human amniotic membrane (HAM) is an established biomaterial used in many clinical applications. However, its use for tissue engineering purposes has not been fully realized. A study was therefore conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using HAM as a chondrocyte substrate/carrier. HAMs were obtained from fresh human placenta and were process to produced air dried HAM (AdHAM) and freeze dried HAM (FdHAM). Rabbit chondrocytes were isolated and expanded in vitro and seeded onto these preparations. Cell proliferation, GAG expression and GAG/cell expression were measured at days 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 21, and 28. These were compared to chondrocytes seeded onto plastic surfaces. Histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy was performed to observe cell attachment. There was significantly higher cell proliferation rates observed between AdHAM (13‐51%, P=0.001) or FdHAM (18‐48%, p = 0.001) to chondrocytes in monolayer. Similarly, GAG and GAG/cell expressed in AdHAM (33‐82%, p = 0.001; 22–60%, p = 0.001) or FdHAM (41–81%, p = 0.001: 28–60%, p = 0.001) were significantly higher than monolayer cultures. However, no significant differences were observed in the proliferation rates ( p = 0.576), GAG expression ( p = 0.476) and GAG/cell expression ( p = 0.135) between AdHAM and FdHAM. The histology and scanning electron microscopy assessments demonstrates good chondrocyte attachments on both HAMs. In conclusion, both AdHAM and FdHAM provide superior chondrocyte proliferation, GAG expression, and attachment than monolayer cultures making it a potential substrate/carrier for cell based cartilage therapy and transplantation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 99A:500–500, 2011.
Photonic link techniques for microwave frequency conversion (2002)

Microwave frequency conversion techniques using analog photonic link technology are reviewed in this chapter. Opto-electronic or photonic radio-frequency (RF) signal mixing refers to converting intensity modulation of an optical carrier at one modulation frequency to intensity modulation or an electrical output at a different frequency. Frequency conversion optical links integrate the functions of electrical frequency mixing, traditionally provided by electronics, together with the transport of the RF carrier by the optical link. Photonic RF signal mixing using fiber optic link technology has recently become a topic of interest for reducing front-end hardware complexity of antenna systems and efficiently extending link frequency coverage into the millimeter-wave (MMW, 30–300 GHz) range. As commercial and military systems push to higher operating frequencies, microwave optical transmission and signal conversion techniques offer attractive benefits to designers of RF systems for communications, radar and electronic warfare applications
Controllability and Observability of Network-of-Networks via Cartesian Products (2014)

The paper presents a system theoretic analysis framework for a network-of-networks, formed from smaller factor networks via graph Cartesian products. We provide a compositional framework for extending the controllability and observability of the factor networks to that of the composite network-of-networks. We then delve into the effectiveness of designing control and estimation algorithms for the composite network via its symmetry and gramian structure. An example demonstrating the usefulness of our results in the context of social networks with a Cartesian product structure is then presented.
A new fabrication process for planar thin-film multijunction thermal converters (2001)

Advanced thin-film processing and packaging technologies are employed in the fabrication of new planar thin-film multijunction thermal converters (MJTCs). The processing, packaging, and design features build on experience gained from prior NIST demonstrations of thin-film converters and are optimized for improved sensitivity, bandwidth, manufacturability, and reliability.
Pharmacokinetics, tolerability and cycle control of three transdermal contraceptive delivery systems containing different doses of ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel (2011)

All three patches exhibited excellent safety and wearability profiles while maintaining plasma drug levels required for ovulation suppression and adequate cycle control. A slight increase in the EE dose in AG200-15 still places this TCDS within the range of low-dose OCs, with EE exposure much lower than reported for Ortho Evra. AG200-15 was selected for further testing in phase 3 studies.