gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Farmland microclimate and yield of winter wheat under different row spacing (2012)

To gain new insights into the underlying mechanisms responsible for farmland microclimate and yield of winter wheat under different row spacings [row spacing: 7 cm (RS7); 14 cm (RS14); 24.5 cm (RS24.5); 49 cm (RS49)], field experiments were conducted at Taian, China. Between the hours 13:00 and 14:00, low values of relative humidity (RH) and air temperature at 5 cm above the ground for the various row spacings were obtained. The average RH of RS7, RS14, RS24.5, and RS49 was 91.0%, 90.3%, 85.7%, and 76.4%, respectively; the average air temperature were 22.6°C, 23.2°C, 24.3°C and 25.3°C, respectively. The soil temperature of RS49 was higher than those of RS7 and RS14. The maximum values of eddy thermal diffusivity was 0.07 m2 s-1, as well as sensible and soil heat fluxes, were obtained at 12:00 o’clock. The order of these parameters was similar to that of the air temperature, but opposite to that of the latent heat flux. The yield of RS49 was significantly lower than those of the other treatments (P < 0.05). The present study indicates that excessive row spacing may result in severe dissipation of energy. RS14 is the optimum condition under uniform planting density.
Preventive Effects of<i>Escherichia coli</i>Strain Nissle 1917 on Acute and Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Two Different Murine Models of Colitis (2004)

Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) is as effective in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis as is treatment with mesalazine. This study aims to evaluate murine models of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation to study the antiinflammatory effect of EcN in vivo. Acute colitis was induced in mice with 2% dextran-sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water. EcN was administered from day -2 to day +7. Chronic colitis was induced by transfer of CD4(+) CD62L(+) T lymphocytes from BALB/c mice in SCID mice. EcN was administered three times/week from week 1 to week 8 after cell transfer. Mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cytokine secretion (of gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], interleukin 5 [IL-5], IL-6, and IL-10) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histologic sections of the colon were analyzed by using a score system ranging from 0 to 4. Intestinal contents and homogenized MLN were cultured, and the number of E. coli-like colonies was determined. EcN was identified by repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) PCR. EcN administration to DSS-treated mice reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-gamma, 32,477 +/- 6,377 versus 9,734 +/- 1,717 [P = 0.004]; IL-6, 231 +/- 35 versus 121 +/- 17 [P = 0.02]) but had no effect on the mucosal inflammation. In the chronic experimental colitis of the transfer model, EcN ameliorated the intestinal inflammation (histology score, 2.7 +/- 0.2 versus 1.9 +/- 0.3 [P = 0.02]) and reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Translocation of EcN and resident E. coli into MLN was observed in the chronic colitis model but not in healthy controls. Administration of EcN ameliorated acute and chronic experimental colitis by modifying proinflammatory cytokine secretion but had no influence on the acute DSS-induced colitis. In this model, preexisting colitis was necessary for translocation of EcN and resident E. coli into MLN.
Microvascular investigations in diabetes mellitus (1993)

This paper reviews the current literature concerning the different investigative modalities available to assess the microcirculation in diabetic microangiopathy. The advantages and disadvantages of the different invasive and noninvasive methods available are presented objectively. We have concentrated on the tests that provide a quantitative assessment of the microcirculation, including laser Doppler fluxmetry, capillary microscopy, plethysmography, transcutaneous oximetry and radioactive isotope clearance. Some of the invasive methods described are now being replaced by noninvasive equivalents, providing similar information with less discomfort and risk to the patient.
Structured Pruning of Convolutional Neural Networks via L1 Regularization (2019)

Deep learning architecture has achieved amazing success in many areas with the recent advancements in convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, real-time applications of CNNs are seriously hindered by the significant storage and computational costs. Structured pruning is a promising method to compress and accelerate CNNs and does not need special hardware or software for an auxiliary calculation. Here a simple strategy of structured pruning approach is proposed to crop unimportant filters or neurons automatically during the training stage. The proposed method introduces a mask for all filters or neurons to evaluate their importance. Thus the filters or neurons with zero mask are removed. To achieve this, the proposed method adopted L1 regularization to zero filters or neurons of CNNs. Experiments were conducted to assess the validity of this technique. The experiments showed that the proposed approach could crop 90.4%, 95.6% and 34.04% parameters on LeNet-5, VGG-16, and ResNet-32respectively, with a negligible loss of accuracy.
A fully distributed location management scheme for large PCS (2002)

Previously, Rangarajan et al. (see Proc. of the 25th International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing, 1995) presented the design, specification and proof of correctness of a fully distributed location management scheme for PCS networks and argued that fully replicating location information is both appropriate and efficient for small PCS networks. In this paper, we extend our previous work by first analyzing the performance of our scheme. Then, we extend the scheme in a hierarchical environment so as to reduce the overhead and scale to large PCS networks. Through extensive numerical results, we show the superiority of our scheme compared to the current IS-41 standard.
Trapping and Redistribution of Hydrophobic Sulfur Sols in Graphene–Polyethyleneimine Networks for Stable Li–S Cathodes (2018)

Abstract The lithium–sulfur battery is a promising next‐generation rechargeable battery system which promises to be less expensive and potentially fivefold more energy dense than current Li‐ion technologies. This can only be achieved by improving the sulfur utilization in thick, high areal loading cathodes while minimizing capacity fading to realize high practical energy densities and long cycle‐life. This study reports a simple method to fabricate a high capacity, high loading cathode with one of the highest cycle‐stabilities reported. It is demonstrated that sulfur sols formed by crashing dissolved elemental sulfur into water are trapped between graphene oxide sheets when flocculated with polyethyleneimine. Low temperature, hydrothermal treatment produces a conductive, partially covalent composite exhibiting outstanding cycle‐stability. Using this method, sulfur can be uniformly distributed at fractions as high as 75.7 wt%. Electrodes with high areal sulfur loadings (up to ≈5.4 mg cm −2 ), prepared using these composites, lead to projected high cell level practical energy densities of 400 Wh kg −1 . The electrodes demonstrate negligible capacity loss over 250 cycles at 0.15 C and only 0.028% capacity loss per cycle over 810 cycles at 0.75 C. Eventual capacity fading is found to be linked to degradation of lithium‐metal anode suggesting that the cathode material remains stable over even more extended cycling.
Hierarchy in the expression of the locus of enterocyte effacement genes of enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) elicit changes in host cell morphology and cause actin rearrangement, a phenotype that has commonly been referred to as attaching/effacing (AE) lesions. The ability of EPEC to induce AE lesions is dependent upon a type III protein secretion/translocation system that is encoded by genes clustered in a 35.6 kb DNA segment, named the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). We used transcriptional fusions between the green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter gene and LEE genes rorf2, orf3, orf5, escJ, escV and eae, together with immunoblot analysis with antibodies against Tir, intimin, EspB and EspF, to analyse the genetic regulation of the LEE. The expression of all these LEE genes was strictly dependent upon the presence of a functional integration host factor (IHF). IHF binds specifically upstream from the ler (orf1) promoter and appears to activate expression of ler, orf3, orf5 and rorf2 directly. The ler-encoded Ler protein was involved in activating the expression of escJ, escV, tir, eae, espB and espF. Expression of both IHF and Ler was needed to elicit actin rearrangement associated with AE lesions. In conclusion, IHF directly activates the expression of the ler and rorf2 transcriptional units, and Ler in turn mediates the expression of the other LEE genes.
Minerals for the Chemical and Allied Industries (1954)

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Effect of annealing and orientation on microstructures and mechanical properties of polylactic acid (2008)

Abstract Two types of polylactic acid (PLA) films (one amorphous and one semi‐crystalline) were produced by sheet extrusion. Talc was used as a nucleation agent for the semi‐crystalline PLA. The films were annealed above their T g or were uniaxially orientated in two ways: (1) via a drawing system in front of the extruder and die or (2) via a three‐roller stretching system. The slower crystallization rate and lower melting stress of the PLA resulted in amorphous film using the drawing system. Annealing above T g increased crystallinity and polymer chain relaxation, which resulted in increases in both strength and toughness. Stretching above T g also produced simultaneous crystallization and chain relaxation, which resulted in increases in both modulus and toughness. Both modulus and tensile strength in the stretching direction were higher than in the crosswise direction. Talc acted not only as a rigid filler to reinforce the PLA, but also as a nucleation agent for the PLA, especially during annealing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Candidate machining sequence generation for optimal process planning using a knowledge-based system (2002)

An approach for generating feasible machining sequences to a given mechanical design, using a knowledge-based system, is presented. Manufacturing knowledge applied in the production sequence generation, including machine availability, feasible production operations, production cost-tolerance relations, and successive and alternative production operations are modeled and implemented in a knowledge-based system. The approach identifies the optimal production sequence for a given design by combining qualitative knowledge deduction and quantitative numerical optimization. It can significantly improve computer-automated process planning (CAPP) systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT MESSAGE PACKAGING, ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FIELD WORKERS: A CASE STUDY OF FINLAY FLOWERS KERICHO (2016)

T This study seeks to explore the influence of forms of communication on the performance of field workers in Finlay Flowers Kericho, focusing on the Communication process and quality management in flower production. The study was conducted at Finlay Flowers one of the leading producer of cut flowers in Kenya. A total of 145 respondents were selected from a population of 1,175 interacting groups comprising of middle level managers and field workers. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires and an interview schedule and collected data was analysed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Findings revealed that all forms of communications had influence on performance of field staff with demonstrations appearing to be more influential in this regard. This is attributed to the fact that demonstration is a consultative event where the management directly involves the employees and advice on the specifications or product requirements. In conclusion, main driver of performance as revealed by the findings of the study meaningful communication process; senior management communication style, supportive work environment and line management style. Based on the findings, the study recommends that in order to improve performance, demonstration as a form of communication should be encouraged, as workers need detailed information on how to conduct their duties especially when handling the produce, also the use of interactive methods as forms of passing messages will help in improving production efficiency.
Joint Analysis of Marine Active and Passive Source EM Data for Sub-Salt or Sub-Basalt Imaging (2003)

F-18 JOINT ANALYSIS OF MARINE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SOURCE EM DATA FOR SUB-SALT OR SUB-BASALT IMAGING Abstract 1 EAGE 65th Conference & Exhibition — Stavanger Norway 2 - 5 June 2003 L.M.MACGREGOR OHM Ltd. Southampton Oceanography Centre U.K. Marine electromagnetic (EM) exploration methods which allow the electrical resistivity of the seafloor to be determined remotely have been developed in the academic sector over the last twenty years and are now being applied widely within the hydrocarbon industry. One area where such techniques can make a significant contribution is in regions where sediments of interest are obscured by (for example) salt
Micro-machined resonant out-of-plane accelerometer with a differential structure fabricated by silicon-on-insulator–MEMS technology (2012)

A new micro-machined resonant accelerometer with a differential structure enabling the detection of out-of-plane acceleration is described. The microaccelerometer consists of two sensitive structures composed of seismic masses, flexural hinges and double-clamped resonant beams. Owing to thickness differences and neutral axis variations among these three components, in response to an out-of-plane acceleration, the movements of the seismic masses lead to stress build up in flexural hinges, further translated as axial forces applied on resonant beams. In this differential design, under acceleration, one resonant beam is under a tensile stress, whereas the other one is under a compressive stress, producing a differential resonant frequency output. The microaccelerometer was fabricated by a silicon-direct-bonding silicon-on-insulator wafer with MEMS fabrication and a low-stress packaging method was also developed. Based on a closed-loop control circuit for resonant beam excitation and detection, device characterisation was conducted, producing a quality factor of 436 in air and a differential sensitivity of 813 Hz/g.
Dienophilic properties of phenyl vinyl sulfone and trans-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylene. Their utilization as synthons for ethylene, 1-alkenes, acetylene, and monosubstituted alkynes in the construction of functionalized six-membered rings via [4 + 2] .pi. cycloaddition methodology (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDienophilic properties of phenyl vinyl sulfone and trans-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylene. Their utilization as synthons for ethylene, 1-alkenes, acetylene, and monosubstituted alkynes in the construction of functionalized six-membered rings via [4 + 2] .pi. cycloaddition methodologyRichard V. C. Carr, Richard V. Williams, and Leo A. PaquetteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 25, 4976–4986Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00173a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00173a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2046Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel array format for monitoring cellular uptake using a photo-cleavable linker for peptide release (2013)

We developed a novel peptide array format incorporating a photo-cleavable linker for monitoring cellular uptake. Model peptides were successfully immobilised via the photo-cleavable linker onto conventional plates and could be released spatiotemporally using UV irradiation. Incorporation of confocal microscopy allowed for detailed real-time monitoring of cellular internalisation of peptides.
Polarization-mode properties of elliptical-core fibers and stress-induced birefringent fibers (1983)

Polarization-mode properties of elliptical-core fibers and stress-applied single polarization fibers are clarified theoretically and experimentally. Normalized frequency dependence of modal birefringence and polarization-mode dispersion is measured, and the results are found to be in good agreement with the calculated results. It is revealed that the stress distribution over core and cladding has a strong influence on the polarization properties for the single-mode fibers examined here.
Synthesis of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Saquinavir Prodrug Conjugates and Assessment of Release and Anti-HIV-1 Bioactivity Using a Novel Protease Inhibition Assay (2004)

Various poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)-based prodrug conjugates of the HIV-1 protease inhibitor (PI) saquinavir (SQV) were prepared using several types of chemical groups potentially capable of modifying its pharmacokinetic properties. These prodrug conjugates included SQV-cysteine-PEG3400, SQV-cysteine-PEG3400-biotin, SQV-cysteine(R.I.CK-Tat9) [a cationic retro-inverso-cysteine-lysine-Tat nonapeptide]-PEG3400, and SQV-cysteine(R.I.CK(stearate)-Tat9)-PEG3400. SQV was linked to cysteine to form a releasable SQV-cysteine ester bond in all of the conjugates. The amino group of the cysteine moiety provided an attachment site for a slower-degrading amide bond with N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated forms of PEG- and PEG-biotin. Disulfide bonds were used to attach the cationic peptides, R.I.CK-Tat9 and R.I.CK(stearate)-Tat9 to the cysteine moiety in order to provide cell-specific release. An assay was established and validated for measuring the activity of SQV and other protease inhibitors in biological samples. In this assay, cleavage of an internally quenched fluorescent substrate, Arg-Glu(EDANS)-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Gly-Lys(DABCYL)-Arg by HIV-1 protease was inhibited by SQV in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 0.05-0.5 microM. All prodrug conjugates were shown to be inactive in this assay until the ester bond was cleaved and active SQV was released. The prodrug reconversion half-lives in 0.1 N HCl, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 and in spiked plasma at 37 degrees C were 9, 14, and 0.9 h, respectively. The anti-HIV-1 activity (ED(50)) of the PEG-based SQV prodrug conjugates was evaluated in MT-2 cells using an MTT assay. The activity of conjugated SQV was reduced (ED(50) = 900 nM) for the PEG only conjugate, but restored with the addition of biotin (ED(50) = 125 nM), R.I.CK-Tat9 (ED(50) = 15 nM), and R.I.CK(stearate)-Tat9 (ED(50) = 62 nM) as compared to maximum achievable anti-HIV-1 activity (unconjugated SQV, control, ED(50) = 15 nM), suggesting enhanced cellular uptake of conjugates. Cytotoxicity (LD(50)) was assessed for all prodrug conjugates using non-HIV-1 infected cells and was found to be in the micromolar range. The difference between the LD(50) and ED(50) suggests a favorable therapeutic index for the prodrug conjugates. In conclusion, these promising initial results demonstrate that the reconversion of the conjugate prodrugs was complete and that active SQV was released. Since the major delivery advantages of PEG prodrug conjugates can only be observed in vivo, issues of reconversion and elimination half-lives in plasma will have to be further studied in an in vivo model. The current results also demonstrate that the protease inhibition assay is a simple yet effective bioanalytical tool that can be used to assess the release and anti-HIV-1 activity of HIV-1 PIs from their prodrug forms.
Carburization of high chromium alloys (1998)

Iron-nickel-chromium based heat resistant alloys are designed to operate at high temperatures in corrosive gaseous environments. Under mixed oxidizing-carburizing conditions, the microstructure of such materials changes progressively during service and the physical and mechanical properties are altered. One instance where such microstructural changes are encountered is in furnace tubes for pyrolysis applications. In the present study, kinetic experiments in the laboratory are combined with microstructural observations on alloys which have undergone long service times to develop an understanding of the fundamental processes that induce property changes in the material. Based on this study, four distinct stages are identified. These include: Initial oxidation, Oxidation in a carburizing environment, Direct carburization and Internal oxidation. Each of these stages is described. Questions are posed with respect to the sudden alteration in process stream chemistry or temperature. For instance, how does a drop in the oxygen partial pressure to levels where a chromium oxide film is unstable affect a preformed film? What beneficial effects are provided by inhibitors such as H2S especially under conditions where an oxide film cannot form? Aufkohlung von hochchromhaltigen Legierungen Hochwarmfeste Eisen-Nickel-Chrom-Basislegierungen sind entwickelt worden, um bei hohen Temperaturen in korrosiven Gasatmosphären eingesetzt zu werden. Unter oxidierenden und aufkohlenden Bedingungen ändert sich das Gefüge solcher Materialien während des Einsatzes fortwährend und die physikalischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften ändern sich. Ein Beispiel, bei dem solche Gefügeänderungen auftreten, sind die Crack-Rohre, die für die Pyrolyse von Kohlenwasserstoffen eingesetzt werden. In dieser Arbeit sind kinetische Experimente im Labor kombiniert worden mit Mikrostrukturuntersuchungen an Legierungen, die bereits langzeitig eingesetzt worden waren, um die grundlegenden Prozesse zu verstehen, die die Eigenschaftsänderungen der Materialien bewirken. Auf der Grundlage dieser Studie wurden vier verschiedene Stadien unterschieden. Diese sind: anfängliche Oxidation, Oxidation in einer aufkohlenden Umgebung, direkte Aufkohlung und innere Oxidation. Jeder dieser Vorgänge wird beschrieben. Fragestellungen werden aufgeworfen, die sich ergeben bei plötzlichen Änderungen in der Chemie des Prozeßgases oder der Temperatur. Z. B. wie beeinflußt die Abnahme des Sauerstoffpartialdruckes bis zu Werten, bei denen eine Chromoxidschicht nicht mehr stabil ist, eine vorher gebildete Oxidschicht? Welche günstigen Effekte sind durch Inhibitoren wie H2S erreicht, insbesondere unter Bedingungen, bei denen eine Oxidschicht sich nicht bilden kann?