gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shc dominant negative disrupts cell cycle progression in both G0-G1 and G2-M of ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells. (1999)

The Shc protein helps to transmit signals from receptor and cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases to Ras. We have shown that several breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-453, BT474, MDA-MB-361, and SKBR3), which overexpress the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase, contain constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated Shc. To investigate the role of Shc in these cells, we transfected them with a Shc-Y317F dominant-negative mutant defective in signaling to Ras. The transfectants were unable to form stable colonies, suggesting a critical role for Shc in the proliferation of these cells. In contrast, dominant-negative Shc transfectants of the nontransformed breast epithelial cell line HBL-100 grew normally. Surprisingly, cell cycle analysis of transfected SKBR3 cells suggested that the cells were blocked not only in G0-G1, but also in G2-M. The G2-M block was unexpected because Shc-Y317 is downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases that drive the early events in the cell cycle. Both the G0-G1 and G2-M arrest were rescued by transfection with wild-type Shc or oncogenic Ras 12V. Rescue by Ras suggests that Shc Y317 signals upstream of Ras, and that Shc to Ras effector pathways are involved in G2-M, although confirmation awaits a detailed molecular analysis. Most importantly, this work provides the first evidence for Shc involvement in G2-M.
Molecular Evolution of the Neuropeptide Y Receptor Family: Insights from Mammals and Fish (1999)

Most genes in the genomes of vertebrates form families with multiple members that are more or less closely related. This thesis concerns investigations of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family of peptide ...
Cellular-Connected UAV: Potentials, Challenges and Promising Technologies (2018)

Enabling high-rate, low-latency and ultra-reliable wireless communications between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and their associated ground pilots/users is of paramount importance to realize their large-scale usage in the future. To achieve this goal, cellular-connected UAV, whereby UAVs for various applications are integrated into the cellular network as new aerial users, is a promising technology that has drawn significant attention recently. Compared to the conventional cellular communication with terrestrial users, cellular-connected UAV communication possesses substantially different characteristics that bring in new research challenges as well as opportunities. In this article, we provide an overview of this emerging technology, by firstly discussing its potential benefits, unique communication and spectrum requirements, as well as new design considerations. We then introduce promising technologies to enable the future generation of three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous wireless networks with coexisting aerial and ground users. Last, we present simulation results to corroborate our discussions and highlight key directions for future research.
Evaluation of the upper airway cross-sectional area changes in different degrees of severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: cephalometric and dynamic CT study. (2006)

Patients with severe OSAS had significant differences in the parameters. Measurement of the cross-sectional area of oropharynx in expiration can especially be useful for diagnosis of severe OSAS as a new key point.
Treatment of periodic limb movements in sleep with selegiline HCl (2002)

Thirty-one patients undergoing treatment with selegiline HCl for periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) were examined with respect to specific sleep composition in a retrospective study. Pre- and post-treatment overnight polysomnographs revealed a highly significant decrease in the number of PLMS per hour of total sleep time (P < 0.0005). The alerting effect associated with selegiline was not found to have significant effect on patients' sleep efficiency or sleep-onset latency (P > 0.10). As controversy continues regarding the medicated treatment of PLMS, our findings with selegiline point to an alternative for clinicians to consider.
Development of a Compact Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer with a Length of 1 m for Processing Plasma Diagnostics (2003)

It is desired that mass spectrometers should be compact and cost effective for use as diagnostic or monitoring tools. We examine the factors which restrict the optimum value of mass resolution attainable for time-of-flight mass spectrometers (TOF-MSs) of compact size. We have developed a 1 m long TOF-MS to diagnose plasma processes. As basic specifications, we obtained a wide mass range of over 20,000 u/e as well as a high mass resolution of up to 2,500. We succeeded in observing various kinds of positive and negative ionic polysilane molecules in addition to the neutrals in a demonstrative diagnosis of the typical silane plasmas relevant to the deposition of the hydrogenated amorphous-silicon thin-film solar cells. This diagnostic system may be a versatile and powerful tool to investigate the detailed reaction processes in various processing plasmas for thin-film deposition and surface treatment.
The nature of the renal adaptation to chronic hypocapnia (1972)

Metabolic balance studies were carried out in normal dogs to define the renal mechanisms responsible for the adaptation to, and recovery from, chronic hypocapnia. A chronic reduction in arterial CO(2) tension (Pa(CO2)) of some 15 mm Hg was achieved by means of chronic exposure of the animals to 9% oxygen in an environmental chamber. The development of hypocapnia was associated with a marked suppression of net acid excretion which, together with a slight accumulation of organic acids, produced a reduction in plasma bicarbonate concentration (8 mEq/liter) that led to nearly full protection of extracellular pH (DeltaH(+) = - 2.5 nmoles/liter). When Pa(CO2) was returned to control levels, an augmentation of acid excretion restored plasma composition to normal after a brief period of "posthypocapneic metabolic acidosis."The changes in renal acid excretion during both adaptation and recovery were accomplished in a fashion notably different from that previously observed in chronic hypercapnia, being linked to changes in cation rather than chloride excretion. Thus, in dogs ingesting a normal NaCl diet, suppression of hydrogen ion excretion during adaptation to hypocapnia was associated with an increased excretion of sodium rather than with a retention of chloride. The fact that this loss of sodium occurred without a concomitant loss of potassium strongly suggests that the hypocapneic state specifically depressed distal sodium reabsorption; if distal sodium reabsorption had not been depressed, a reduction in proximal sodium reabsorption or a diminution in distal hydrogen ion secretion (or both) should have produced an increase in potassium excretion. The interpretation that chronic hypocapnia diminished sodium reabsorption was supported by the finding that when renal sodium avidity was enhanced by restriction of sodium intake, acid retention was accomplished by a loss of potassium rather than of sodium. The accompanying reduction in plasma bicarbonate concentration was slightly less than that observed in dogs ingesting a normal NaCl diet, a finding probably accounted for by a slight difference in the availability of cation for excretion under the two experimental circumstances. These findings, taken together with the observation that augmented acid excretion during recovery from hypocapnia is linked to cation retention, suggest that an adequate intake of cation during both adaptation and recovery from chronic hypocapnia may be critical to the physiologic regulation of acid-base equilibrium.
Cloning and Characterization of the ∆6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Elongase from the Green Microalga <i>Parietochloris incisa</i> (2009)

The very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLC-PUFA), arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4omega-6) is a component of neuron tissues such as brain and retina cells and a primary substrate for the biosynthesis of biologically active eicosanoids. The green freshwater microalga Parietochloris incisa (Trebouxiophyceae) has been shown to accumulate an extraordinary high content of ARA-rich triacylglycerols. It was thus interesting to characterize the genes involved in lipid biosynthesis in this alga. We report here the identification of a cDNA encoding for a P. incisa PUFA elongase (PiELO1) and demonstrate that the expression of PiELO1 in yeast Saccharomyces cereviseae confers its elongase activity on C18 6 PUFA. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PiELO1 is highly similar to functionally characterized 6 PUFA elongase genes from other green algae and lower plants. Quantitative real-time PCR expression studies showed that PiELO1 is upregulated under nitrogen starvation, the condition triggering and enhancing storage oil and ARA accumulation in P. incisa.
Using portable negative pressure wound therapy devices in the home care setting (2014)

Abstract: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is the continuous or intermittent application of subatmospheric pressure to the surface of a wound that improves the wound environment, accelerates healing, and reduces wound closure time. Since its first documented use, this technology has lent itself to a number of adaptations, most notably, the development of portable devices facilitating treatment in the home care setting. With advancing surgical standards, wound healing is an important rate-limiting factor in early patient discharge and often a major cost of inpatient treatment. The efficacy of NPWT in the home care setting has been investigated through rate of wound closure, time in care, and patient experience. Rate of wound closure is the most appropriate primary end point. Much can be gleaned from patient experience, but the future success of portable NPWT will be measured on time in care and therefore cost effectiveness. However, there is a lack of level 1a evidence demonstrating increased efficacy of portable over inpatient NPWT. The development of portable NPWT is an encouraging innovation in wound care technology, and extending the benefits to the home care setting is both possible and potentially more beneficial. Keywords: portable, negative pressure wound therapy, vacuum-assisted closure, topical negative pressure therapy
Security in mobile agent system (2000)

Despite its many practical benefits, mobile agent technology results in significant new security threats from both malicious agents and hosts. This paper investigates the problems and approaches of mobile agent system, which shows that bi-directional and layered security model may be a good idea to resolve the security problems in mobile agent systems. Other topics about mobile agent security, such as constrained execution and virus detection, are also discussed.
Comparison of Dye- and Semiconductor-Sensitized Porous Nanocrystalline Liquid Junction Solar Cells (2008)

The liquid junction dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has reached laboratory solar efficiencies of 11%. In contrast, the semiconductor-sensitized analogue (SSSC) has, up to now, exhibited a maximum efficiency of 2.8%. This begs the questions: is this difference fundamental? Will SSSCs always be inferior to DSSCs? We discuss the differences between the two types of cells, considering typical charge transfer times for the various current generating and recombination processes. Three main factors that could contribute to differences between the two types of cells are discussed: multiple layers of absorbing semiconductor on the oxide, the different electrolytes normally used for the two types of cell, and charge traps in the absorbing semiconductor. Entropic effects and the irreversible electron injecting nature of the normally used Ru dye to TiO2 are also briefly considered. We conclude that although the DSSC does possess some fundamental advantages, we can expect large improvements in efficiency of the SSSC, possibly reaching values comparable to the DSSC.
THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS, CAMBRIDGE 6–10 APRIL, 1970 (1970)

A short survey of the history and organisation of the series of international conferences on experimental stress analysis is given together with abstracts of all papers to be presented in April, 1970, and a summary subject index for these papers.
Efficient multicasting for multi-channel multi-interface wireless mesh networks (2009)

Multicasting can be an useful service in wireless mesh networks (WMNs), which have gained significant acceptance in recent years due to their potentials of providing a low-cost wireless backhaul service to mobile clients. Many applications in WMNs require efficient and reliable multicast communication, i.e., with high delivery ratio but with less overhead, among a group of recipients. However, in spite of its significance, there has been little work on providing such a multicast service in multi-channel mesh networks. Traditional multicasting protocols for wireless multi-hop networks mostly assume that all nodes (equipped with a single interface) collaborate on the same channel. The single-channel assumption is not always true for WMNs that often provide the nodes with multiple interfaces for the purpose of substantial performance enhancement. In multi-channel/interface mesh environments, the same multicast data needs to be sent multiple times by a sender node if its neighboring nodes operate on different channels. In this paper, we try to tackle this challenging issue of how to design a multicast protocol more suitable for multi-interface and multi-channel WMNs. Our multicasting protocol builds multicast paths while inviting multicast members, and allocates the same channel to each of neighboring members in a bottom up manner. This mechanism can reduce message overheads and delivery delays while guaranteeing successful message deliveries. For the performance evaluation, we have implemented the proposed scheme on a multi-channel/interface mesh network test-bed with two IEEE 802.11a cards per node.
Novel Concepts in the Development of Platinum Antitumor Drugs (2002)

The limitations of cisplatin as an anticancer drug have stimulated the search for other antitumor-active platinum complexes with improved pharmacological properties. The two main goals in the search for new platinum anti-cancer agents are the reduction of the dose-limiting toxicities of cisplatin and the circumvention of cisplatin resistance. However, it should be pointed out that this has proven to be a difficult task. In fact, less than 1% of the thousand of platinum complexes tested for pre-clinical antitumor activity have entered clinical trials in the past 30 years. Nonetheless, right now, several new platinum complexes are in clinical trials, a proof of the continued belief that platinum complexes may still fulfil the needs for novel antitumor drugs. This review will focus on the three main innovative approaches found in the platinum anticancer-field, namely, (1) compounds with decreased reactivity against nucleophiles, (2) compounds with carrier ligands, and (3) compounds which bind differently to DNA as compared to cisplatin. In the latter class, special attention is paid to dinuclear and polinuclear platinum complexes.
Kinetic resolution of the separate GLUT1 and GLUT4 glucose transport activities in 3T3-L1 cells (1992)

A bis-mannose-photolabel-displacement method has been developed for resolving the separate kinetic properties of the glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4, which are both present in 3T3-L1 cells. We have quantified the cell-surface transporter abundance (Bmax.) for the two isoforms by displacing radiolabelled 2-N-[4-(1-azi-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl]-1,3-bis-(D- mannos-4-yloxy)-2-propylamine (ATB-BMPA) by non-labelled ATB-BMPA. In cells acutely treated with insulin, the GLUT1 Bmax. was 0.19 microM and the GLUT4 Bmax. was 0.17 microM. In cells which were chronically treated with insulin, the GLUT1 Bmax. was increased by approximately 4-fold to 0.7 microM, whereas the GLUT4 was decreased by approximately 50% (Bmax. = 0.1 microM). However, this large increase in total concentrations of cell-surface transporters (the sum of GLUT1 and GLUT4 concentrations) was not reflected in a large increase in 3-O-methyl-D-glucose transport, suggesting that GLUT1 makes a smaller contribution to transport than does GLUT4. In acutely insulin-treated cells at 37 degrees C, the apparent kinetic parameters for 3-O-methyl-D-glucose transport were Vapp.max. = 0.52 mM.s-1 and Kapp.m = 12.3 mM. In chronically insulin-treated cells the Vapp.max. = 1.24 mM.s-1 and Kapp.m = 23.0 mM. We have measured the displacement of ATB-BMPA by different concentrations of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose to resolve the separate affinity constants of GLUT1 and GLUT4 for this transported ligand. In acute- and chronic-insulin-treated cells the GLUT1 Km for 3-O-methyl-D-glucose was approximately 20 mM, and the GLUT4 Km for 3-O-methyl-D-glucose was approximately 7 mM. An analysis of these data and the 3-O-methyl-D-glucose transport rates was carried out to calculate transport capacity (TK values) for the two isoforms at 37 degrees C. In acute- and chronic-insulin-treated cells the TK values were 0.36 x 10(4) mM-1.min-1 for GLUT1 and 1.13 x 10(4) mM-1.min-1 for GLUT4. Thus GLUT1 has an approximately 3-fold lower transport capacity than GLUT4 at low concentrations of transported sugar. The lower GLUT1 transport capacity was shown to be mainly due to the high Km of GLUT1. The calculated turnover numbers were 7.2 x 10(4) min-1 for GLUT1 and 7.9 x 10(4) min-1 for GLUT4.
A Hierarchical Secret Sharing Scheme over Finite Fields of Characteristic 2 (2017)

Hierarchical secret sharing schemes are known for the way the secret is shared among a group of participants that is partitioned into levels. We examine these schemes in terms of how easily they delete a secret after it is distributed or namely for cases where the reliability of data deletion depends on deletion of the indispensable participants' share. In this paper, we consider Tassa's idea of using formal derivatives and Birkhoff interpolation so that his method will work well even over finite fields of characteristic 2, then we devise a method for derivatives. As a result, we propose a fast (k, n) hierarchical secret sharing scheme applicable to any level and report the software implementation evaluation. Moreover, taking practical use into consideration, we cover the optimization specialized for a ({1, 3}, n) hierarchical secret sharing scheme.
Preparation and characterization of poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐ethylene methyl phosphate) (1998)

Poly(D,L-lactide-co-ethylene methyl phosphate) was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide (D,L-LA) and ethylene methyl phosphate (EMP) in bulk with Al(OiPr)3 as initiator. The influence of reaction conditions such as polymerization time, polymerization temperature and initiator concentration on the yield and molecular weight were investigated. The reactivity ratios of the two monomers were determined by the Kelen–Tüdős method. The homogeneous phase of the copolymer was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DSC data showed that the glass transition temperature of the copolymers increased with the increase of their LA content, which is in agreement with the Fox equation. Water absorption at room temperature was used to evaluate the hydrophilicity of the copolymers. As expected, the hydrophilicity of the copolymer increased with the increase of EMP fraction therein. Copolymer hydrolysis was carried out in DMSO-d6/D2O, in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid; it was monitored by 1H NMR, the data suggesting that side-chain cleavage proceeded faster than main-chain cleavage, and the hydrolysis of the main chain was faster than that of poly(D,L-lactide). These materials show potential use in drug delivery systems. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry
Performance analysis of dynamic adjustment of TDD uplink-downlink configurations in outdoor picocell LTE networks (2012)

The dynamic adjustment of TDD UL-DL configurations to the instantaneous traffic conditions at small cells (e.g. Pico cells) in heterogeneous LTE networks can be used to further optimize the system performance. The dynamic adaptation of TDD configuration may result in opposite transmission directions in the neighboring cells and thus cause BS-BS and UE-UE inter-cell interference that may significantly affect the overall system performance. To avoid this problem all homogeneous Macro cell TDD deployments typically operate synchronously. However in heterogeneous networks low power small cells are rather isolated from each other in terms of mutual interference and thus can be considered as candidates for dynamic TDD adaptation. In this paper we investigate the possibility of using dynamic adjustments of TDD UL-DL configurations in application to outdoor Pico cell deployments. In particular, we show the feasibility of using opposite DL and UL transmission directions in neighboring Pico cells in terms of interference environment. Furthermore we evaluate the performance benefits from traffic adaptation in LTE TDD networks where cells can dynamically select TDD configuration and show that substantial gains in packet throughput performance may be achieved comparing to the traditional synchronous TDD networks.
Radical Reactions of <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes with Organic Nitriles: Cyanation of NHC-Boranes and Reductive Decyanation of Malononitriles (2015)

The observation that NHC-boryl radicals abstract cyano groups from various organic nitriles has been parlayed into two complementary transformations. In the main group chemistry aspect, reactions of various NHC-boranes with simple organic dinitriles selectively provide stable NHC-boryl mono- or dinitriles, depending on the nitrile source. In the organic synthesis aspect, reaction of malononitriles and related derivatives with readily available 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene borane provides reductively decyanated products in good yields.
On the Chemistry of Ingenol, III [1] Synthesis of 3-Deoxy-3-oxoingenol, Some 5-Esters and of Ethers and Acetals of Ingenol (1982)

3-Deoxy-3-oxoingenol (3) was prepared from ingenol-5,20-acetonide (25) by oxidation and subsequent removal of the acetonide. 3 was acylated to give homologous 5,20-diacylates 5-9. From these the 5-monoacylates 14, 15 and 17 were obtained in only moderate yields. Therefore the 20-silyl ether 10 (prepared from 3) was acylated. After smooth removal of the silyl ether the homologous 5-acylates 16. 18 and 19 resulted in good yield. The 5,20-dibutyrate 6 and all 5-acylates prepared (14-19) showed no irritant activity on the mouse ear. The 3-oxo-5-acylates 14-19 could not be reduced to give ingenol-5-acylates (24). Therefore various ingenol derivatives, 29-32, with suitable protected hydroxyl functions as well as the corresponding 5-clecanoates 35-38 were synthesized. The protecting groups of the derivatives 35-38 could however not be cleaved off to yield ingenol-5- decanoate (24)
Air Data Failure Management in a Full-Authority Fly-By-Wire Control System (2006)

The aim of the air data system, in a full-authority fly-by-wire control system, is the determination of flight parameters, such as pressure altitude, Mach number, angles of attack and sideslip, from measurements of local pressures and of local flow angles on wings or fuselage, provided by a proper set of sensors. The architecture of the air data system is redundant in order to achieve the adequate level of reliability and safety. In this paper a possible methodology for the management of the redundancies of the air data system is described, which has been developed with reference to the air data system of the new jet trainer Aermacchi M-346. The developed algorithms identify the possible failures and provide an adequate system reconfiguration by comparing different estimates of the flight parameters. In addition, such algorithms are able to manage temporary situations where one or more sensors do not provide reliable measurements since they are in the wake of the fuselage.