gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human parvovirus B19 as a causative agent for rheumatoid arthritis (1998)

Human parvovirus B19 (B19) DNA was detected in the synovial tissues in 30 of 39 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and infrequently in those with osteoarthritis and traumatic joints. On the other hand, the expression of the B19 antigen VP-1 was specific (27/27) in RA synovium with active synovial lesions, but not in osteoarthritis and controls. The target cells of B19 were macrophages, follicular dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells, but not synovial lining cells in the synovium. B19-negative bone marrow cells, tonsil cells, and macrophage cell line U-937 cells became positive for the expression of VP-1, and more productive for interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha when cocultured with RA synovial cells. The expression of VP-1 and the production of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha was significantly inhibited by the addition of neutralizing antibody for B19, suggesting that B19 detected in RA synovial cells is infective. B19 is involved in the initiation and perpetuation of RA synovitis, leading to joint lesions.
Estimation of Lead and Arsenic Bioavailability Using a Physiologically Based Extraction Test (1996)

The physiologically based extraction test (PBET) is an in vitro test system for predicting the bioavailability of metals from a solid matrix and incorporates gastrointestinal tract parameters representative of a human (including stomach and small intestinal pH and chemistry, soil-to-solution ratio, stomach mixing, and stomach emptying rates). For lead (Pb), the results of the PBET are linearly correlated with results from a Sprague-Dawley rat model (r2 = 0.93 between in vitro and in vivo results, n = 7). For arsenic (As), the results of the PBET are overpredicting bioavailability study results in rabbit and primate models (2−11% difference between in vitro and in vivo results, depending on the animal model). The PBET was not designed to supplant bioavailability studies using animal models, but rather to estimate Pb and As bioavailability when animal study results are not available. Dissolution of Pb in the acidic stomach environment was strongly pH dependent; the extent of dissolution decreased by 65% when stomach pH was increased from 1.3 to 2.5. Arsenic solubility decreased by only 16% over the same pH range. Lead was removed from solution to a greater extent than As by neutralization during the small intestinal simulation, consistent with adsorption and precipitation reactions occurring for Pbbut not Asat neutral pH values. In addition to providing mechanistic explanations for controls on Pb and As bioavailability, the PBET allows estimates of site-specific Pb and As bioavailability from soil for the purpose of exposure assessment.
The Johns Hopkins Hospital template for urologic cytology samples (2012)

The authors concluded that their template is effective in targeting those patients who need to undergo cystoscopy.
Efficient molecular organic light emitting diodes based on silole derivatives (2003)

We report the performance of molecular organic light-emitting diodes (MOLEDs) using silole derivatives as emissive and electron transport materials. Two siloles, namely 2,5-di-(3-biphenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilacyclopentadiene (PPSPP) and 1,2-bis(1-methyl-2,3,4,5,-tetraphenylsilacyclopentadienyl)ethane (2PSP), with high PL quantum yields of 94% and 85%, respectively, were used as emissive materials. Another silole, namely 2,5-bis-(2',2"-bipyridin-6-yl)-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilacyclopentadiene (PyPySPyPy), was used as the electron transport material. MOLEDs using these two siloles and NPB as the hole transport material show a low operating voltage of approximately 4.5 V at a luminance of 100 cd/m<sup>2</sup> and high external electroluminescence (EL) quantum efficiencies of 3.4% and 3.8%, respectively, at 100 A/m<sup>2</sup>. MOLEDs based on PPSPP exhibit a red-shifted EL spectrum which is assigned to an exciplex formed at the PPSPP:NPB interface.
Dimeric DNA Aptamer Complexes for High-capacity–targeted Drug Delivery Using pH-sensitive Covalent Linkages (2013)

Treatment with doxorubicin (Dox) results in serious systemic toxicities that limit effectiveness for cancer treatment and cause long-term health issues for cancer patients. We identified a new DNA aptamer to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) using fixed sequences to promote Dox binding and developed dimeric aptamer complexes (DACs) for specific delivery of Dox to PSMA(+) cancer cells. DACs are stable under physiological conditions and are internalized specifically into PSMA(+) C4-2 cells with minimal uptake into PSMA-null PC3 cells. Cellular internalization of DAC was demonstrated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Covalent modification of DAC with Dox (DAC-D) resulted in a complex with stoichiometry ~4:1. Dox was covalently bound in DAC-D using a reversible linker that promotes covalent attachment of Dox to genomic DNA following cell internalization. Dox was released from the DAC-D under physiological conditions with a half-life of 8 hours, sufficient for in vivo targeting. DAC-D was used to selectively deliver Dox to C4-2 cells with endosomal release and nuclear localization of Dox. DAC-D was selectively cytotoxic to C4-2 cells with similar cytotoxicity as the molar equivalent of free-Dox. In contrast, DAC-D displayed minimal cytotoxicity to PC3 cells, demonstrating the complex displays a high degree of selectivity for PSMA(+) cells. DAC-D displays specificity and stability features that may be useful for improved delivery of Dox selectively to malignant tissue in vivo.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e107; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.37; published online 16 July 2013.
An 8 megapixel/sec 800&amp;#215;800 virtual phase CCD imager scientific applications (1983)

A large format Virtual Phase Charge Coupled Device has been developed for scientific purposes requiring data rates up to 8 megapixels/sec. This has involved the designing of an amplifier which is compatible with the CCD process, which has a bandwidth greater than 10 megahertz, and which has noise dominated by a low white noise floor for frequencies in the megahertz region. The device has an 800 pixel by 800 pixel imaging array with 15 microns by 15 microns pixels and operates in either a full frame mode or a 2 × 2 summing mode. The resulting die is 1.4 cm by 1.4 cm. The single gate level virtual phase technology produces high yield and spectral response in the visible when used with frontside illumination. Charge handling capacity is 130,000 e- per pixel.
A Simple Model for Marine Radar Images of the Ocean Surface (2015)

This letter describes a simple model for the backscattered signal received from the ocean surface by a horizontal-polarization marine radar operating at low grazing angles, including the effects of the logarithmic amplifiers conventionally used in these radars. Shadowing is accounted for via geometric optics. The range dependence of the mean radar signal predicted by this model compares well with that observed in two marine radar data sets collected under different environmental conditions. The model also indicates that the radar signal modulation (the deviation from the mean normalized by the mean) is proportional to the radial component of the surface slope in unshadowed regions. This suggests the possibility of direct quantitative wave observations using marine radar modulation data, without the need for calibration.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Elastomers (1961)

Abstract The remarkable property that we associate with rubberlike elasticity, the high degree of elastic deformability, has long been known to arise from molecular motion. In fact, Joule recognized a century ago that the retractive force in stretched rubber stems from thermal motions of molecules rather than from attractive forces between molecules, a conclusion which was all the more remarkable because Joule had no idea of the polymeric nature of rubber. This review tells of the newest technique for studying molecular motion, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and of its application to studies of rubberlike substances. Appropriately, the most important measurements of rubberlike elasticity have been mechanical—creep, stress relaxation, dynamic response. The visco-elastic properties have been studied theoretically and have been measured profusely. They have told us much about the spectra of relaxation processes, which range over many decades of frequency. However, the mechanical experiments occur at the macroscopic level. Conclusions as to behavior at the molecular level depend upon the soundness of models. Plainly it is also valuable to examine motion directly at the molecular level. There are several techniques that accomplish this end. Infrared spectroscopy and dielectric relaxation studies are two kinds of measurement that directly indicate the motion of atoms and molecules. To these techniques is added nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This method responds to molecular behavior quite differently from other kinds of measurement, and avoids some of the restrictions encountered in these other techniques. For example, the requirement of a permanent electric dipole moment effectively excludes dielectric measurements for the study of pure natural rubber and other hydrocarbons, yet motion in such substances is readily seen by NMR. On the other hand, there are distinct limitations to the use of nuclear resonance, as we shall note. In this paper, we shall review the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance, with emphasis on its use in studies of molecular motion in elastomers. It would be wrong to say that NMR has achieved the importance of the principal physical techniques used to study elastomers. Indeed, the information on elastomers yielded by NMR consists largely of isolated examples. Still, we shall seek to show that the method is powerful and has great potentialities. For a more detailed review of the fundamental physics than is given here, the reader is referred to the excellent paper by Pake. A comprehensive survey of NMR studies of polymers is given by Powles.
Low-frequency noise in nanomaterials and nanodevices (2002)

The status of low frequency noise in nanodevices and nanomaterials is briefly surveyed. The very old yet hot problematics of the 1/f noise is discussed in the light of some new achievements in the nanoscience. It is shown that the very old question regarding the topology of the noise sources (surface or bulk origin) of this phenomenon is clarified, while the microscopic origin of the phenomenon cannot be unambiguously answered. Although present even in the quantum dots, the random telegraph signal (RTS) noise as a fundamental component of the 1/f spectrum seems to be a non sequitur. McWhorter model cannot explain the occurrence of the 1/f noise in carbon nanotubes. Surface anharmonicity is proposed as a possible ingredient in the generation of the very high noise level observed in carbon nanotubes, while the increased phonon density of states in nanomaterials seems to be a source of higher noise levels. Low frequency noise appears as a powerful tool to characterize nanomaterials and nanodevices.
Composition and diversity patterns in metazoan parasite communities and anthropogenic disturbance in stream ecosystems (2006)

The composition and diversity of metazoan parasite communities in naturally depauperate ecosystems are rarely studied. This study describes the composition of helminth endoparasite communities infecting fish that are part of naturally acidic stream ecosystems in the coastal-plains region of the State of New Jersey (USA) known as the Pinelands, and compares the diversity of parasites between six streams that differ in anthropogenic disturbance. A total of 514 fish were examined representing 6 species native but restricted to the Pinelands region, 5 species native and widespread throughout the region and State, and 6 species introduced to the Pinelands and State. Fish (prevalence: 78%) were infected with 18 helminth endoparasite species. In most streams, prevalence of infection, mean abundance, and total number of individuals for the 5 most common parasites were higher in pirate perch, a native fish species. The diversity of helminth endoparasite communities measured as species richness and Shannon index was higher in degraded streams, and especially in native or introduced fish at these sites. Parasite diversity was positively correlated with anthropogenic disturbance, which was measured by water pH, water conductance, and the proportion of agricultural and developed land surrounding streams. Helminth community composition included parasites intimately tied to trophic interactions in food webs, and disturbance to these ecosystems results in changes to these communities. Understanding structure and function of animal communities from these naturally depauperate ecosystems is important before continued anthropogenic changes result in the extirpation or extinction of their unique fauna.
An electrostatically rebalanced micromechanical accelerometer (1989)

This paper discusses the results of testing a micromechanical accelerometer with integral electrodes. It is suitable for use with the CSDL micromechanical gyro, previously described in last years' conference, (Ref. 1) and could be fabricated on the same chip. The accelerometer has a capacitive sensor and electrostatic torquer. It was operated in a closed-loop mode, and tested by rotating it in a g-field on a dividing head. The bandwidth was on the order of one Hertz. The best results give a scale-factor error (SFE) of 480 ppm. The bias of 261 micro-g was stable over the test time (203 min.). These results are to be considered short term. The effect of device temperature was determined to be 2100 micro-g per decree C on bias, and -123 parts per million on scale factor. Turn-on shifts were very large, on the order of 10 milli-g. The integral electrode structure is truly monolithic in that no assembly is required other than standard packaging. It could be made at very low cost. Accelerometer Descri~tion The accelerometer is a monolithic structure (no assembly of component parts) consisting of a torsional pendulum with capacitive readout and electrostatic torquer. A sketch of the configuration is shown in Fig. 1. The device is about 300 by 600 microns in size. The pendulum is supported by a pair of flexure pivots. The readout and torquing electrodes are built into the device beneath the tilt plate. Figure 1 also shows a side view of the device. The device is made on a silicon wafer, and is all silicon except for the deposited gold on one side of the tilt plate which provides the pendulosity. The electrodes are separated electrically from the body of the device by p-n junction isolation. Fabrication details are being presented elsewhere. (Ref. 2)
Chromium reduction in Pseudomonas putida (1990)

Reduction of hexavalent chromium (chromate) to less-toxic trivalent chromium was studied by using cell suspensions and cell-free supernatant fluids from Pseudomonas putida PRS2000. Chromate reductase activity was associated with soluble protein and not with the membrane fraction. The crude enzyme activity was heat labile and showed a Km of 40 microM CrO4(2-). Neither sulfate nor nitrate affected chromate reduction either in vitro or with intact cells.
Intermediates to ethylene glycol: carbonylation of formaldehyde catalyzed by Nafion solid perfluorosulfonic acid resin (1983)

Details of a series of reactions for the production of ethylene glycol using a catalyst of Nafion solid perfluorosulfonic acid resin was detailed. The reactions included the carbonylation of formaldehyde and esterification and then hydrogenation of the product of the carbonylation, glycolic acid. Other preparations included in the work included methyl glycolate, acetylglycolic acid, methyl acetylglycolate, and methyl methoxyacetate.
Pathogenesis and Treatment Perspectives of Chronic Graft Rejection (CVR) (1993)

Chronic rejection is a major threat towards the long-term function and survival of transplanted hearts and kidneys. It is characterized by a proliferative remodelling of the graft vessels along with structural changes of the parenchyma and gradual deterioration of graft function. The pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial. Since grafts with chronic rejection are also subjected to a more or less intense invasion of immunoreactive cells, an important primary objective is to optimize the immunosuppressive treatment. There is no established means of prevention or treatment of chronic rejection. Pharmacological agents interfering with prostaglandin metabolism have been tried most frequently and preliminary results are also available from the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 series and of heparin derivatives. Based on experimental studies the somatostatin analogue angiopeptin seems very promising today. There will certainly be an increased interest in the use of lipid-reducing agents in the future as well as antioxidant agents acting against the effects of reactive oxygen radicals and oxidative modification of LDL fractions. A strong novel candidate is carvedilol, exerting both antihypertensive, antioxidant and antiproliferative properties.
Isotopically engineered silicon/silicon-germanium nanostructures as basic elements for a nuclear spin quantum computer (2001)

The idea of quantum computation is the most promising recent developments in the high-tech domain, while experimental realization of a quantum computer poses a formidable challenge. Among the proposed models especially attractive are semiconductor based nuclear spin quantum computer's (S-NSQC), where nuclear spins are used as quantum bistable elements, ''qubits'', coupled to the electron spin and orbital dynamics. We propose here a scheme for implementation of basic elements for S-NSQC's which are realizable within achievements of the modern nanotechnology. These elements are expected to be based on a nuclear-spin-controlled isotopically engineered Si/SiGe heterojunction, because in these semiconductors one can vary the abundance of nuclear spins by engineering the isotopic composition. A specific device is suggested, which allows one to model the processes of recording, reading and information transfer on a quantum level using the technique of electrical detection of the magnetic state of nuclear spins. Improvement of this technique for a semiconductor system with a relatively small number of nuclei might be applied to the manipulation of nuclear spin ''qubits'' in the future S-NSQC.
Methods for assessing cell-mediated immunity in infectious disease resistance and in the development of vaccines (1995)

Immunologic evaluation of vaccines has depended largely on the measurement of an antibody response in the serum of recipient animals. This approach, which worked well for diseases prevented in large part by humoral immunity, ignored the contributions cell-mediated immunity (CMI) or mucosal immunity make to providing protection against many infectious diseases. As a result of this approach, certain vaccines were marketed that produced a satisfactory antibody response but failed to protect vaccinates in the field from disease. In the modem biologics industry, there is increasing pressure for vaccine improvements and new technologic advancements to be based on a sound understanding of the entire basis for immunity, including cell-mediated, mucosal, and humoral immunity that develops after exposure to infectious disease agents.
Sparse Modeling of Shape from Structured Light (2012)

Structured light depth reconstruction is among the most commonly used methods for 3D data acquisition. Yet, in most structured light methods, modeling of the acquired scene is crude, and is executed separately from the decoding phase. Here, we bridge this gap by viewing the reconstruction process via a probabilistic model combining illumination and shape. Specifically, an alternating minimization algorithm for structured light reconstruction is presented, incorporating a sparsity-based prior for the local surface model. Integrating this 3D surface prior into a probabilistic view of the reconstruction phase results in a robust estimation of the scene depth. We formulate and minimize reconstruction error and demonstrate performance of the algorithm on data from a structured light scanner. The results demonstrate the robustness of our algorithm to scanning artifacts under low SNR conditions and object motion.
Tissue-specific knockout of the mouse <i>Pig-a</i> gene reveals important roles for GPI-anchored proteins in skin development (1997)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are widely distributed on plasma membranes of eukaryotes. More than 50 GPI-anchored proteins have been shown to be spatiotemporally expressed in mice with a deficiency of GPI-anchor biosynthesis that causes embryonic lethality. Here, we examine the functional roles of GPI-anchored proteins in mouse skin using the Cre-loxP recombination system. We disrupted the Pig-a gene, an X-linked gene essential for GPI-anchor biosynthesis, in skin. The Cre-mediated Pig-a disruption occurred in skin at almost 100% efficiency in male mice bearing two identically orientated loxP sites within the Pig-a gene. Expression of GPI-anchored proteins was completely absent in the skin of these mice. The skin of such mutants looked wrinkled and more scaly than that of wild-type mice. Furthermore, histological examination of mutant mice showed that the epidermal horny layer was tightly packed and thickened. Electron microscopy showed that the intercellular space was narrow and there were many small vesicles embedded in the intercellular space that were not observed in equivalent wild-type mouse skin preparations. Mutant mice died within a few days after birth, suggesting that Pig-a function is essential for proper skin differentiation and maintenance.
Human Adult Vena Saphena Contains Perivascular Progenitor Cells Endowed With Clonogenic and Proangiogenic Potential (2010)

SVPs generated from human vein CD34-positive/CD31-negative progenitor cells might represent a new therapeutic tool for angiogenic therapy in ischemic patients.
Design of a Secure Fine-Grained Official Document Exchange Model for E-Government (2004)

At present, the exchange of information via Internet is widely used in electronic government (e-Government). To securely and effectively exchange official documents among government agencies, an exchange model has been developed by the government of Taiwan. Although a RSA cryptosystem is used in the model to ensure security and XML is employed to increase interoperability, the current design does not take advantage of the rich structure of the XML documents, and it may result in possible security leaks due to the fact that, traditionally, the whole document is signed and encrypted. Considering the characteristic that it is easy to integrate encryption, signature and access control into XML documents, a fine-grained official document exchange model for e-Government is proposed in this article. In addition, the proposed model conforms to standards such as XML Encryption and XML Signature.