gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Analysis of the Differentiation Potential of Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Tissues of Endodermal or Mesodermal Origin (2011)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received great attention due to their remarkable regenerative, angiogenic, antiapoptotic, and immunosuppressive properties. Although conventionally isolated from the bone marrow, they are known to exist in all tissues and organs, raising the question on whether they are identical cell populations or have important differences at the molecular level. To better understand the relationship between MSCs residing in different tissues, we analyzed the expression of genes related to pluripotency (SOX2 and OCT-4) and to adipogenic (C/EBP and ADIPOR1), osteogenic (OMD and ALP), and chondrogenic (COL10A1 and TRPV4) differentiation in cultures derived from murine endodermal (lung) and mesodermal (adipose) tissue maintained in different conditions. MSCs were isolated from lungs (L-MSCs) and inguinal adipose tissue (A-MSCs) and cultured in normal conditions, in overconfluence or in inductive medium for osteogenic, adipogenic, or chondrogenic differentiation. Cultures were characterized for morphology, immunophenotype, and by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for expression of pluripotency genes or markers of differentiation. Bone marrow-derived MSCs were also analyzed for comparison of these parameters. L-MSCs and A-MSCs exhibited the typical morphology, immunophenotype, and proliferation and differentiation pattern of MSCs. The analysis of gene expression showed a higher potential of adipose tissue-derived MSCs toward the osteogenic pathway and of lung-derived MSCs to chondrogenic differentiation, representing an important contribution for the definition of the type of cell to be used in clinical trials of cell therapy and tissue engineering.
The interaction of silver ions and hydrogen peroxide in the inactivation of E. coli: a preliminary evaluation of a new long acting residual drinking water disinfectant (1995)

The inactivation efficiencies of silver ions, hydrogen peroxide and their combination was studied as part of a performance evaluation of the combined disinfectant for drinking water applications. The major advantages of such combined disinfectant include, low toxicity of its components, long lasting residual effect and low disinfection by product formation. Specific strains of E. coli ( E. coli -B (SR-9) and E. coli K-12) were used in this study as target microorganisms and the separate and combined inactivation efficiencies of silver and hydrogen peroxide were evaluated at different concentrations and exposure durations. Both, silver and hydrogen peroxide exhibited a significant inactivation performance even at concentrations that do not pose any health risk according to the EEC, WHO and the USEPA (the USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of silver is 90 ppb, and currently, there is no MCL for hydrogen peroxide but it is approved as a food additive in the USA). Combinations of 1:1000 silver:hydrogen peroxide (w) exhibited higher inactivation performance as compared with each of the disinfectants alone and in some cases a synergistic effect was observed, i.e., the combined disinfectant exhibited higher inactivation performance than the sum of the inactivation levels of the separate disinfectants. Thus, for example, one hour exposure to 30 ppb silver, 30 ppm hydrogen peroxide and their combination yielded 2.87, 0.65 and 5 logs of inactivation respectively. While the rate of inactivation shown by this combined disinfectant, now available commercially in a stabilized formulation is relatively slow, it may well hold promise as a secondary disinfectant providing long lasting residuals and biofilm control required for distribution systems. Its disinfection action may be similar to chloramines, the use of which has been recently outlawed in France and in Germany and which are now under careful scrutiny in other countries due to the formation of undesirable by-products.
Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>in Acute Pancreatitis (1988)

Acute pancreatitis is an autodigestive disease, in which digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas destroy the gland. Opie and Meakins [29] proposed that it is trypsin that causes the tissue injury. However, it seems more probable that phospholipase A2 might be the enzyme responsible for autodigestion in acute pancreatitis [26]. Accordingly, increased catalytic activities of this enzyme [33] as well as above-normal concentrations of immunoreactive phospholipase A2 [27] have been detected in sera of patients suffering from acute pancreatitis.
Novel<i>LIPA</i>mutations in Mexican siblings with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (2015)

Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency is an under-recognized lysosomal disease caused by deficient enzymatic activity of LAL. In this report we describe two affected female Mexican siblings with early hepatic complications. At two months of age, the first sibling presented with alternating episodes of diarrhea and constipation, and later with hepatomegaly, elevated transaminases, high levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein. Portal hypertension and grade 2 esophageal varices were detected at four years of age. The second sibling presented with hepatomegaly, elevated transaminases and mildly elevated low-density lipoprotein and low high-density lipoprotein at six months of age. LAL activity was deficient in both patients. Sequencing of LIPA revealed two previously unreported heterozygous mutations in exon 4: c.253C>A and c.294C>G. These cases highlight the clinical continuum between the so-called Wolman disease and cholesteryl ester storage disease, and underscore that LAL deficiency represents a single disease with a degree of clinical heterogeneity.
Jim Blinn's Corner-a trip down the graphics pipeline: subpixelic particles (1991)

Reasons for subdividing pixels into subpixelic particles are discussed. Working with subpixel resolution in the floating-point domain is suggested as the easiest approach. To illustrate the use of floating-point pixel space, the arithmetic of two rendering algorithms is reviewed. The algorithms are an antialiased line renderer and a simple polygon tiler. Another use for subpixel resolution, i.e., doing antialiasing by subsampling is also considered. Using integer arithmetic in addition to subsampling is briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[TVT: Revolutionary treatment of urinary incontinence]. (2002)

Stress urinary incontinence represents an important, often unknown and, yet, certainly most unpleasant pathology. Over years, several different surgical techniques have been proposed and reported to have variable success. TVT, a simple and reproducible technique, aims at stabilizing mid-urethra, and not bladder-neck. Our own clinical experience amounts to 139 cases. All these patients were evaluated by clinical examination and, subjectively, by a questionnaire. 89.2% were cured and 6.5% improved. The most frequent complication was bladder perforation (6.5%), but it had no incidence on the final results. Morbidity was low. This revolutionary technique is very promising and our own results are similar to those reported by others.
Monitoring Spongospora subterranea Development in Potato Roots Reveals Distinct Infection Patterns and Enables Efficient Assessment of Disease Control Methods (2015)

Spongospora subterranea is responsible for significant potato root and tuber disease globally. Study of this obligate (non-culturable) pathogen that infects below-ground plant parts is technically difficult. The capacity to measure the dynamics and patterns of root infections can greatly assist in determining the efficacy of control treatments on disease progression. This study used qPCR and histological analysis in time-course experiments to measure temporal patterns of pathogen multiplication and disease development in potato (and tomato) roots and tubers. Effects of delayed initiation of infection and fungicidal seed tuber and soil treatments were assessed. This study found roots at all plant developmental ages were susceptible to infection but that delaying infection significantly reduced pathogen content and resultant disease at final harvest. The pathogen was first detected in roots 15-20 days after inoculation (DAI) and the presence of zoosporangia noted 15-45 DAI. Following initial infection pathogen content in roots increased at a similar rate regardless of plant age at inoculation. All fungicide treatments (except soil-applied mancozeb which had a variable response) suppressed pathogen multiplication and root and tuber disease. In contrast to delayed inoculation, the fungicide treatments slowed disease progress (rate) rather than delaying onset of infection. Trials under suboptimal temperatures for disease expression provided valuable data on root infection rate, demonstrating the robustness of monitoring root infection. These results provide an early measure of the efficacy of control treatments and indicate two possible patterns of disease suppression by either delayed initiation of infection which then proceeds at a similar rate or diminished epidemic rate.
Reconfigurable flight control via multiple model adaptive control methods (1991)

An aircraft flight control system with reconfigurable capabilities is considered. A multiple model adaptive controller (MMAC) is shown to provide effective reconfigurability when subjected to single and double failures of sensors and/or actuators. A command generator tracker/proportional-plus-integral/Kalman filter (CGT/PI/KF) form of controller was chosen for each of the elemental controllers within the MMAC algorithm and each was designed via LQG synthesis to provide desirable vehicle behavior for a particular failure status of sensors and actuators. The MMAC performance is enhanced by an alternate computation of the MMAC hypothesis probabilities, use of maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) versus Bayesian form of the MAC (or a modified combination of both), and reduction of identification ambiguities through scalar residual monitoring for the case of sensor failures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An architecture for parallel search of large, full-text databases (2002)

A novel signature approach is introduced for retrieval of documents from large text databases. The structure of the signature files under this approach lends itself to a highly parallel hardware implementation. The signature files are generated by software and loaded into RAM. Upon a user query, the signature files are searched in parallel by a special-purpose search module for identification of relevant documents. The search module is implemented in hardware with a parallel architecture. Experimental results and the design of the search module are presented. Experiments have shown that this technique is quite efficient in terms of storage overhead and the number of false drops. Perhaps the most attractive feature of this system is the hardware cost. The signature files are designed so that they can be saved, accessed, and compared using inexpensive memory chips. Another feature of this system is the capability for simple manipulation of the 'don't care characters,' which is not provided by other signature methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Developmental capacity of mouse oocytes following maintenance of meiotic arrest in vitro (1986)

Abstract It was shown previously that the frequencies of fertilization and pre‐ and post‐implantation embryonic development of mouse oocytes matured in vitro were similar to those of oocytes matured in vivo (Schroeder and Eppig, Dev Biol 102:493–497, 1984). The present study determined the developmental capacity of mouse oocytes after they had been maintained in meiotic arrest in vitro by substances thought to be important regulators of meiosis in vivo. Oocytes were maintained in meiotic arrest for 12 or 24 h in medium containing maturation inhibitor(s), washed free of inhibitor, and cultured 16 h in inhibitor‐free (control) medium to permit meiotic maturation. Four different medium supplements were used to maintain meiotic arrest: (1) 100 μM dibutyryl cAMP plus 1 mM hypoxanthine; (2) 4 mM hypoxanthine plus 0.75 mM adenosine (H + AR); (3) 300 μM dibutyryl cAMP; and (4) 50 μM IBMX. Parallel groups of oocytes were treated to the same experimental protocol except that no inhibitory compounds were used; eg, oocytes were cultured a total of 28 or 40 h in control medium that permitted the resumption of maturation. These latter groups tested the effect of extended culture of mature oocytes on subsequent development. Control oocytes were cultured 16 h in control medium. Oocytes were inseminated and subsequently assessed for development to two‐cell and blastocyst stages. When oocytes were first cultured 12 or 24 h in medium that maintained meiotic arrest, development to two‐cells in all groups but one were within 10% of controls (70%). The 24 h H + AR group was the one exception (47% two‐cells). By contrast, culturing oocytes for 28 or 40 h in inhibitor‐free medium resulted in a precipitous decrease in development to two cells (27% and 7%, respectively). Blastocyst development followed the same pattern. When uridine (U) was added to H + AR medium, development to two cells was increased significantly. Also, the addition of FSH to the maturation medium significantly increased both two‐cell and blastocyst development in the H + AR and H + AR + U groups. Transfer of compacted morulae from the H + AR + U/FSH group into pseudopregnant hosts produced live young 19 days postinsemination. These data demonstrate that prolonged culture of oocytes matured in vitro decreased their capacity to undergo normal development following insemination, but if oocytes were maintained in meiotic arrest during prolonged culture and then allowed to mature spontaneously, their developmental potential was significantly preserved. These results also lend support for a physiological role of cAMP and purines in the maintenance of meiotic arrest in vivo.
Ultrasonic spacecraft leak location using structure borne noise (2004)

Leak detection and location in pressure vessels is commonly performed using microphones to detect airborne ultrasound generated by the leak turbulence. For spacecraft, this turbulence is generated outside the spacecraft and cannot be detected inside because the leak velocity is approximately the speed of sound. Instead, to detect and locate leaks in on-orbit spacecraft we monitor leak-generated guided ultrasonic waves within the platelike spacecraft skin. We use cross-correlation to measure the deterministic behavior of the leak-generated noise. Measured leak-into-vacuum noise signals from two adjacent transducers, each correlated with the signal from a third reference transducer, are fed into headphones as a stereo pair. The direction to the leak can be determined by rotating the two transducers, or equivalently by selecting element pairs in a dense array. The leak can be precisely located through triangulation.
A 1.6-3.2GHz, High Phase Accuracy Quadrature Phase Locked Loop (2003)

Thesis (M.Eng. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2003.
Broadband Impedance Transformer Based on Asymmetric Coupled Transmission Lines in Nonhomogeneous Medium (2007)

A new broadband quarter-wavelength impedance transformer based on an asymmetric coupled line section is presented. The bandwidth of the coupled line transformer is extended with the help of an interconnecting transmission line. An analytical model for the transformer is developed. The analysis of the structure reveals that a fractional bandwidth of more than 100% at -20 dB reflection level can be achieved with such a structure. An experimental transformer circuit has been designed, fabricated and tested. Theoretical and experimental results are fair agreement and confirm the established theory. The achieved bandwidth is almost 3 times larger as compared with standard matching circuits.
Effect of immunotherapy and spleen preservation on immunological function in patients with gastric cancer. (2006)

Splenectomy is often performed in patients who undergo total gastrectomy for cancer of the upper stomach. Although splenectomy facilitates lymph node dissection of the splenic hilum and recent reports advocate spleen preservation, the role of the spleen is not fully elucidated in gastric cancer treatment. This prospective randomized study was performed to evaluate the role of the spleen in immunological function in gastric cancer patients who underwent total gastrectomy and received postoperative immunochemotherapy. Forty-five patients with gastric cancer were randomly allocated to four groups: 1. splenectomy without immunotherapy (OK-432 administration), 2. splenectomy with immunotherapy, 3. spleen preservation without immunotherapy, 4. spleen preservation with immunotherapy. Postoperative immunological function of these patients was compared among the four groups. NK cell activity of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in spleen-preserved patients who received immunotherapy was significantly higher for 24 weeks after surgery than that of the splenectomized patients with and without OK-432 administration. IL-2 production of PBL in spleen-preserved patients with immunotherapy was significantly higher between 4 and 24 weeks after surgery compared with that of the splenectomized patients without immunotherapy. The results suggest that spleen preservation might be beneficial in patients with less advanced gastric cancer who receive postoperative immunochemotherapy after total gastrectomy.
An improved version of the DNA methylation database (MethDB) (2003)

Cytosine methylation is a characteristic property of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. In the latter, it is indispensable for a healthy development of the organism and uncontrolled changes in the distribution of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) have been linked to severe disorders, in particular cancer. The growing scientific interest in DNA methylation has led to a considerable amount of data about this epigenetic phenomenon. In order to make these data readily available, we have established a dedicated database. The DNA Methylation database (MethDB) is currently the only public database for DNA methylation (http://www.methdb.net). This constantly growing database has become a key resource in the field of DNA methylation research. The database contains currently methylation patterns, profiles and total methylation content data for 46 species, 160 tissues and 72 phenotypes coming from a total of 6667 experiments (as of September 4, 2002). About 14% of the data have not been published elsewhere. These data can be conveniently searched and represented in different ways. Recently, we have included an on-line submission tool that permits the scientific public to directly enter new data into MethDB.
Decision making and effort in the self‐regulation of hypertension: Testing two competing theories (2005)

We compare the ability of two social psychological models to explain self-regulation decisions to control hypertension by 208 patients at a hospital clinic: the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the model of goal-directed behaviour (MGB). The sample was drawn from patients at a large research hospital in North America. The findings show that the MGB not only explains significantly more variance in decision making than the TPB, but it provides an account for how reasons for acting become integrated and transformed into intentions to act, which the TPB does not address. The MGB does this in part by introducing the variable, desire, as an essential mediator between reasons for acting and intentions. The MGB also incorporates the effects of anticipated emotions on decision making, which are forms of forward-looking counterfactual thinking with respect to goals. In addition, the present study reconceptualized instrumental behaviour to encompass how hard one tries to act in the senses of (1) devoting time to planning with respect to reducing/maintaining blood pressure, (2) expending mental/physical energy to reduce/maintain blood pressure, (3) maintaining will power to reduce/maintain blood pressure, and (4) sustaining self-discipline (e.g. in overcoming obstacles) to reduce/maintain blood pressure. Key differences, as well as commonalities, in decision making are pointed-out between men and women and between people whose goal is to reduce versus maintain blood pressure.
Biofilm : mise en place et organisation d’une communauté bactérienne (2003)

Bacterial attachment on various surfaces mostly takes place in the form of specialised bacterial communities, referred to as biofilm. The biofilm is formed through series of interactions between cells and adherence to surface, resulting in an organised structure. In this review we have been using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model microorganism to describe the series of events that occurred during this developmental process. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that has a wide variety of hosts and infectious sites. In addition to biofilm formation in certain tissues, inert surfaces, such as catheters, are also target for bacterial biofilm development. The use of convenient genetic screens has made possible the identification of numerous biofilm-defective mutants, which have been characterised further. These studies have allowed the proposal for a global model, in which key events are described for the different stages of biofilm formation. Briefly, flagellar mobility is crucial for approaching the surface, whereas type IV pili motility is preponderant for surface colonisation and microcolonies formation. These microcolonies are finally packed together and buried in an exopolysaccharide matrix to form the differentiated bio-film. It is obvious that the different stages of biofilm formation also involved perception of environmental stimuli. These stimuli, and their associated complex regulatory networks, have still to be fully characterised to understand the bacterial strategy, which initiates biofilm formation. One such regulatory system, called Quorum sensing, is one of the key player in the initial differentiation of biofilm. Finally, a better understanding, at the molecular level, of biofilm establishment and persistence should help for the design of antimicrobials that prevent bacterial infections.
On the Gravitational Field of Thin Disks (1996)

Based on a contribution presented at the XI Congresso Nazionale di Relativit Generale e Fisica della Gravitazione, Trieste 1994
Activation of Ground Blast‐Furnace Slag by Alkali‐Metal and Alkaline‐Earth Hydroxides (1992)

The effects of pH, time, valence, and radius of the activator cation on the reaction products and microstructure of ground granulated iron blast‐furnace slag were studied by thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry, X‐ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis. Blast‐furnace slag was activated by alkali‐metal hydroxides of Li, Na, and K (12.34 pH 14.71) and alkaline‐earth hydroxides of Ca, Sr, and Ba(12.47 pH 13.53) using a water/slag ratio of 0.4 and curing for 1 day to 26 months. Reactivity of the slag was more strongly dependent on pH than on time. The reaction products were mainly varieties of C─S─H, (C,M) 4 AH 13 , and minor amounts of Ca(OH) 2 and C 2 ASH 8 (strätlingite). The nature of C─S─H was dependent on pH. A 1.2‐nm peak appeared in X‐ray diffractograms only when the activation pH was ⌣14.7. Water was present in the C─S─H in a way similar to water in tobermorite and synthetic C─S─H. Leached Ca from unreacted blast‐furnace slag was present around the glass particles as an amorphous layer which crystallized into Ca(OH) 2 with time; Mg behaved similarly. The effect of the charge or ionic radius of the activator cation was insignificant.