gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relaxation of subgraph queries delivering empty results (2015)

Graph databases with the property graph model are used in multiple domains including social networks, biology, and data integration. They provide schema-flexible storage for data of a different degree of a structure and support complex, expressive queries such as subgraph isomorphism queries. The exibility and expressiveness of graph databases make it difficult for the users to express queries correctly and can lead to unexpected query results, e.g. empty results. Therefore, we propose a relaxation approach for subgraph isomorphism queries that is able to automatically rewrite a graph query, such that the rewritten query is similar to the original query and returns a non-empty result set. In detail, we present relaxation operations applicable to a query, cardinality estimation heuristics, and strategies for prioritizing graph query elements to be relaxed. To determine the similarity between the original query and its relaxed variants, we propose a novel cardinality-based graph edit distance. The feasibility of our approach is shown by using real-world queries from the DBpedia query log.
Fluorescence quenching titration for determination of complexing capacities and stability constants of fulvic acid (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescence quenching titration for determination of complexing capacities and stability constants of fulvic acidDavid K. Ryan and James H. WeberCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 6, 986–990Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00243a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2495Altmetric-Citations278LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (658 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Self‐Assembled Nanostructures (2012)

Self-assembly is also known as self-association and self-organization. It has been considered as the most powerful strategy to create novel technologies and nanostructured materials, including spheres, layers, fibers and tubes, which have been generated and extensively studied in the agriculture, food and pharmaceutical areas. A wellestablished consensus is that a morphological difference can have substantial influence on a material's physical, chemical and biological properties. Therefore, in this chapter, we explain mechanism and preparation methods according to the morphological category of the nanostructure. In the section on self-assembly, we focus on formation and fabrication technology in the production of micelles, fibers and tubes from food biopolymers. Because of the exclusively broad applications of layer-by-layer assembly and nanoemulsion, these two concepts are introduced individually.
Enzymatic Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure (1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>)- and (1<i>S</i>,2<i>S</i>)-2-Aminocyclohexanols (1994)

Abstract The Pseudomonas cepacia lipase-catalyzed enantioselective hydrolysis of trans-2-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-aminocyclohexyl acetate was readily accomplished to provide a practical method for the industrial preparation of enantiomerically pure (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-2-aminocyclohexanols.
Water quality test based on dielectrophoretic measurements of fresh water algae Selenastrum capricornutum (2003)

A method is described whereby dielectrophoresis of algal cells is used to perform rapid water quality analysis, specifically detecting the presence of CuSO4. The dielectric collection spectrum of the fresh water alga Selenastrum capricornutum was determined for a range of concentrations of CuSO4 from 25 mg L(-1) to 0.25 mg L(-1) for exposure times of 15 min and 18 h. In all cases increasing the concentration of CuSO4 reduced cell collection, but a step reduction was observed in collection between 2 mg L(-1) and 5 mg L(-1). This method has potential for forming a rapid, low-cost test for water quality with broad specificity and significantly reduced analysis time compared to current methods.
Pattern Formation of Silver Nanoparticles in 1‐, 2‐, and 3D Microstructures Fabricated by a Photo‐ and Thermal Reduction Method (2010)

Abstract One‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional microstructures with dispersed silver nanoparticles are fabricated by a combination of photopatterning and thermal treatment from a silver salt containing photosensitive epoxy resin. Ultraviolet photo‐irradiation and subsequent thermal treatment are combined to control the rate of silver salt reduction, the size and the arrangement of nanoparticles, as well as the reticulation of the epoxy resin. This approach allows the creation of high resolution 1‐, 2‐, and 3D patterns containing silver nanoparticles, with a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles regardless of the irradiated area.
Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatic Tumors: Increased Tumor Destruction with Adjuvant Liposomal Doxorubicin Therapy (2002)

Our pilot clinical study suggests that adjuvant Doxil chemotherapy increases tumor destruction compared with radiofrequency ablation therapy alone in a variety of focal hepatic tumors. Optimization of this synergistic strategy may ultimately allow improved clinical efficacy and outcome.
Three Cases of Blunt Chest Trauma Caused by Constant Compression Mechanisms (1995)

Three patients (survivors) with isolated blunt chest traumas caused by constant compression mechanisms with known forces are reported on. The low velocity but high compression forces of the accidents, the effect on ventilation and oxygenation, specific early management and follow-up, clinical signs, and underlying complications of these patients are described and discussed.
Photoacoustic spectroscopy applied to systems involving photoinduced gas evolution or consumption (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoacoustic spectroscopy applied to systems involving photoinduced gas evolution or consumptionRobert C. Gray and Allen J. BardCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 9, 1262–1265Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50031a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (529 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Properdin Is Critical for Antibody-Dependent Bactericidal Activity against <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> That Recruit C4b-Binding Protein (2012)

Gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is an important cause of morbidity worldwide. A safe and effective vaccine against gonorrhea is needed because of emerging resistance of gonococci to almost every class of antibiotic. A gonococcal lipooligosaccharide epitope defined by the mAb 2C7 is being evaluated as a candidate for development of an Ab-based vaccine. Immune Abs against N. gonorrhoeae need to overcome several subversive mechanisms whereby gonococcus evades complement, including binding to C4b-binding protein (C4BP; classical pathway inhibitor) and factor H (alternative pathway [AP] inhibitor). The role of AP recruitment and, in particular, properdin in assisting killing of gonococci by specific Abs is the subject of this study. We show that only those gonococcal strains that bind C4BP require properdin for killing by 2C7, whereas strains that do not bind C4BP are efficiently killed by 2C7 even when AP function is blocked. C3 deposition on bacteria mirrored killing. Recruitment of the AP by mAb 2C7, as measured by factor B binding, occurred in a properdin-dependent manner. These findings were confirmed using isogenic mutant strains that differed in their ability to bind to C4BP. Immune human serum that contained bactericidal Abs directed against the 2C7 lipooligosaccharide epitope as well as murine antigonococcal antiserum required functional properdin to kill C4BP-binding strains, but not C4BP-nonbinding strains. Collectively, these data point to an important role for properdin in facilitating immune Ab-mediated complement-dependent killing of gonococcal strains that inhibit the classical pathway by recruiting C4BP.
Impact of Lignin Determination Method on Oxygen Delignification Chemistry (2005)

In previous report, we investigated the impact of hexeneuronic acid and some residual extractiveson lignin determination. These non-lignin components severely interfered lignin content determination which also affect on the oxygen delignification comparison between aspen and pine unbleached kraft pulps. Very different pattern was observed whether based on uncorrected conventional kappa number or based on corrected kappa number in oxygen delignification comparison. Lower kappa number aspen pulps showed poor response to oxygen delignification when kappa number was used as lignin determination method but better response with using the acid lignin method. Phenolic hydroxyl group in kraft pulps were also compared based on uncorrected or corrected kappa numberfor lignin content. Based on uncorrected kappa number, lower kappa number oxygen-delignified pulps had lower phenolic hydroxyl group. However, lower kappa number oxygen-delignified pulps showed much higher phenolic hydroxyl group based on the corrected lignin content. For accurate comparison for residual lignin properties from different pulps, lignin determination should be corrected from non-lignin components contribution to lignin.
Performance Definition And Standardisation Of Electronic Noses (2005)

The performance of any electronic nose is ultimately determined by the properties of its constituent parts (e.g. the sensors, signal processing, and pattern recognition engine). Electronic noses currently exploit different sensor materials technologies (e.g. semiconducting oxide, conducting polymer, phthalocyanines and lipid coatings) as well as different pattern recognition paradigms (e.g. canonical analysis, back-propagation and learning vector quantification). This has led to the need to compare objectively the performance of an increasing number of both research and commercial electronic noses. This paper addresses this problem and suggest the need for odour standards to define both the range and resolving power of an electronic nose. We present a generic model from which we can define such parameters. The model can also be employed as diagnostic tool which can predict not only the relative performance of different electronic noses but also the effect of, for example, changing the number or type of odour sensor, temperature fluctuations or ageing. We believe that the definition of standard odour samples and standard performance parameters would be of great benefit in this field.
Individual Fe−Co Alloy Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes: Structural and Catalytic Properties (2008)

We report the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performance of Fe-Co alloy nanoparticles inside the tubular channel of carbon nanotubes. The homogeneous distributions of Fe and Co in the isolated nanoparticles were evidenced confidentially by bulk and surface structural and compositional characterizations, that is, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscope in combination with elemental mapping by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We also demonstrate for the first time an unusual synergism in alloy catalysis. The alloy nanoparticles with widely varying Co/Fe ratio are kept as active as Co for the H 2 production from NH 3 decomposition. The stability of Co was significantly improved by alloying with Fe. We expect our experimental method to be a general approach to elucidate the synergism phenomenon in alloy catalysis.
Cloning and Expression of Genes Required for Coronamic Acid (2-Ethyl-1-Aminocyclopropane 1-Carboxylic Acid), an Intermediate in the Biosynthesis of the Phytotoxin Coronatine (1994)

Coronamic acid (CMA; 2-ethyl-1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of coronatine (COR), a chlorosis-inducing phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea PG4180. Tn5 mutagenesis and substrate feeding studies were previously used to characterize regions of the COR biosynthetic gene cluster required for synthesis of coronafacic acid and CMA, which are the only two characterized intermediates in the COR biosynthetic pathway. In the present study, additional Tn5 insertions were generated to more precisely define the region required for CMA biosynthesis. A new analytical method for CMA detection which involves derivatization with phenylisothiocyanate and detection by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed. This method was used to analyze and quantify the production of CMA by selected derivatives of P. syringae pv. glycinea which contained mutagenized or cloned regions from the CMA biosynthetic region. pMU2, a clone containing a 6.45-kb insert from the CMA region, genetically complemented mutants which required CMA for COR production. When pMU2 was introduced into P. syringae pv. glycinea 18a/90 (a strain which does not synthesize COR or its intermediates), CMA was not produced, indicating that pMU2 does not contain the complete CMA biosynthetic gene cluster. However, when two plasmid constructs designated pMU234 (12.5 kb) and pKTX30 (3.0 kb) were cointroduced into 18a/90, CMA was detected in culture supernatants by thin-layer chromatography and HPLC. The biological activity of the CMA produced by P. syringae pv. glycinea 18a/90 derivatives was demonstrated by the production of COR in cosynthesis experiments in which 18a/90 transconjugants were cocultivated with CMA-requiring mutants of P. syringae pv. glycinea PG4180. CMA production was also obtained when pMU234 and pKTX30 were cointroduced into P. syringae pv. syringae B1; however, these two constructs did not enable Escherichia coli K-12 to synthesize CMA. The production of CMA in P. syringae strains which lack the COR biosynthetic gene cluster indicates that CMA production can occur independently of coronafacic acid biosynthesis and raises interesting questions regarding the evolutionary origin of the COR biosynthetic pathway.
Design and analysis of axial aspirated compressor stages (1999)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1999.
Virus Decline of Strawberry in California and the Role of Insect Vectors and Associated Viruses (2015)

Greenhouse white fly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood); western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); and strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell), are common pests of strawberries in California and are vectors of one or more viruses. Most of the viruses transmitted by these vectors do not cause symptoms on strawberry when the infection occurs individually. However, when one of the viruses (Beet pseudoyellows virus or Strawberry pallidosis-associated virus) transmitted by T. vaporariorum is present along with one of the viruses transmitted by F. occidentalis, C. fragaefolii, or other sources, it results in a virus decline of strawberry, which can cause significant crop losses. Stunted root and plant growth, purple coloration of foliage, and dieback of the plant are some of the symptoms associated with virus decline. Increases in T. vaporariorum infestations during the past few years significantly elevated the risk of whitefly as a crop pest and a disease vector. This article reviews virus decline of strawberry, symptoms of infection, and the current status of insect vectors in California strawberries. Accepted for publication 17 November 2015. Published 20 November 2015.
Test-Retest Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change on Balance and Ambulation Tests, the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale in People With Parkinsonism (2008)

Minimal detectable change values are useful to therapists in rehabilitation and wellness programs in determining whether change during or after intervention is clinically significant. High test-retest reliability of scores for the BBS, ABC Scale, SRT with eyes closed, 6MWT, and gait speed make them trustworthy functional assessments in people with parkinsonism. The SF-36 and UPDRS provide quality-of-life and disease severity rating values in the ongoing assessment of people with parkinsonism.
Electron-transfer barriers and metal-ligand bonding as a function of metal oxidation state. 2. Crystal and molecular structures of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)cobalt(II) dichloride-2-water-ethanol and tris(2,2'-bipyridine)cobalt(I) chloride-water (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron-transfer barriers and metal-ligand bonding as a function of metal oxidation state. 2. Crystal and molecular structures of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)cobalt(II) dichloride-2-water-ethanol and tris(2,2'-bipyridine)cobalt(I) chloride-waterDavid J. Szalda, Carol Creutz, Devinder Mahajan, and Norman SutinCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 17, 2372–2379Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00159a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00159a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1147Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Probabilistic Approach of Designing Driving Circuits for Strings of High-Brightness Light Emitting Diodes (2007)

Often, high brightness LEDs (HB-LED) are connected in series to create strings. According to their data sheets, the HB-LEDs have a variation in their forward voltage drop. This forward voltage variation may create a non-uniform illumination if the strings are connected in parallel. This paper proposes a probabilistic approach for modeling the forward voltage drop across the HB-LEDs and determining the value of the resistance needed in each string to control the current. The results of this paper show that when the probabilistic models are used, the value of the added balancing resistance is reduced compared to when using standard worst case models.
Studies on Nitrofuran Derivatives. V. : Synthesis of [2-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-azoles and -azines (1966)

To test their antibacterial activity, [2(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl)-azoles and-azines were prepared by the condensation of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde with azoles and azines, which have active methyl or methylene group. Almost all the compounds possess antibacterial properties and some of them also have strong antifungal and antiprotozoal activities.
Large area, low cost space solar cells (1982)

This paper describes cost effective production-ready space solar cells which can meet the requirements for use on the Space Shuttle and other large space missions. Actual yield and performance data for these cells, as well as cost comparisons between these and standard space cells are included.
α-Secretase Activation – An Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy (2006)

The nonamyloidogenic pathway of processing the amyloid precursor protein (APP) involves the cleavage within the amyloid-beta peptide sequence, and thus precludes amyloid-beta formation. The identification of a member of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase family, ADAM10, as an alpha-secretase that prevents plaque formation and hippocampal deficits in vivo gave us the possibility to examine the alpha-secretase as a potential target for the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. Within the priority program Cellular Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease, we investigated several approaches to stimulate the alpha-secretase pathway. Two protein convertases were found to be responsible for the removal of the prodomain, and for the formation of the mature enzyme with alpha-secretase activity. The cloning and characterization of the human ADAM10 promoter provided the basis to examine ADAM10 gene expression. We found a common upregulation of ADAM10, APP, and APP-like protein 2 during differentiation of neuronal cells by retinoic acid, and increased alpha-secretase cleavage of the two substrates. Other approaches for enhancing alpha-secretase activity are the reduction of cellular cholesterol and the stimulation of G protein-coupled neuropeptide receptors. Our results suggest medications and dietary regiments which enhance the nonamyloidogenic pathway of APP processing to be a valuable approach to Alzheimer's disease therapy.
Fundamentals of Multimedia (2008)

This chapter introduces multimedia, defined as interacting with information that employs most or all of the media: text, graphics, images, audio, and video. Students and faculty need to learn to create and use high-quality multimedia documents, including references, lecture materials, reports, and term papers. The authors provide a framework for understanding multimedia in its rapidly changing context. They discuss a wide spectrum of multimedia end-user devices that range from smart cell phones and powerful PCs to intelligent cars and homes. They also propose a vision of pervasive multimedia any time and anyplace, and discuss related issues, controversies, and problems. Typical problems are excessive complexity and a plethora of choices that paralyze many potential users. The chapter concludes with a discussion of possible solutions to major problems and probable future trends.