gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiroptically Active Plasmonic Nanoparticles Having Hidden Helicity and Reversible Aqueous Solvent Effect on Chiroptical Activity (2016)

The geometrical prerequisite for forming a helix is P (helical pitch) > d (wire diameter). Limited by the current development of nanofabrication techniques, it is difficult to minimize d and consequently P to the sub-10 nm molecule-comparable scale, preventing the study of chiral plasmonics at dimensions approaching the physical limit. Herein, glancing angle deposition is operated at substrate temperature of 0 °C and high speed of substrate rotation to generate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with nominal P < d. The AgNPs have intrinsic chiroptical activity characterized by circular dichroism (CD), originating from the hidden helicity. With increasing P from 3 to 66 nm, the plasmonic mode barely shifts but shows a logarithmic increase in CD amplitude. Immersing AgNPs in water causes the plasmonic mode to redshift and rise in CD amplitude, i.e., a water effect on chiroptical activity. Hydrophilic AgNP arrays with low array porosity show a reversible water effect, but hydrophobic Ag nanospiral arrays with P > d and high array porosity have an irreversible water effect. This work introduces a cost-effective, facile approach to minimize P to sub-10 nm at a regular substrate temperature, paving the way to study chiral plasmonics approaching the physical limit and exploit chirality-related bioapplications typically operated in aqueous solutions to tackle significant health and environmental problems.
Directly diode-pumped Yb:KY(WO_4)_2 regenerative amplifiers (2002)

Two Yb(3+) -doped KY(WO(4))(2) regenerative amplifiers, one end pumped by two 1.6-W single-stripe diodes at 940 nm and the other side pumped by one 20-W diode bar at 980 nm, are demonstrated. When the regenerative amplifiers are injected, 40-muJ , 400-fs and 65-muJ , 460-fs pulses at a 1-kHz repetition rate are obtained following compression from the end- and side-pumped amplifiers, respectively.
Modulation of Amplified Spontaneous Emissions between Singlet Fluorescence and Triplet Phosphorescence Channels in Organic Dye Lasers (2019)

Abstract Organic gain materials (OGMs) currently used in dye lasers and organic thin‐film amplifiers are limited to singlet‐fluorescence molecules. Although heavy‐metal‐containing phosphorescent emitters enable highly efficient organic light‐emitting diodes, phosphorescent OGMs capable of light amplification by stimulated emission from triplet states remain largely unexplored. Demonstrated herein is the first phosphorescent dye laser from a pure organic luminescent rotor ( 1 ), composed of electron‐donating sulfide‐substituted difluoroboron (SBF 2 ) and electron‐accepting nitrobenzene (NB) moieties. Furthermore, modulation of amplified spontaneous emissions (ASEs) between singlet fluorescence and triplet phosphorescence channels is achieved by adjusting the relative rotation (dihedral angle θ ) of the donor and acceptor moieties. Theoretical calculations and experimental results clarify that free and restricted rotor rotation regulates the T 2 state below and above the S 1 state, thus switching on and off the intersystem crossing from S 1 to the high‐lying T 2 for phosphorescence and fluorescence, respectively. Based on this strategy, methyl groups are added on the NB moiety to increase the steric hindrance in 2 , leading to tunable phosphorescence and/or fluorescence ASE. The results extend the scope of organic dye lasers and provide a strategy to develop phosphorescence OGMs capable of amplifying light through ASE from the triplet state.
Attenuation of Electromagnetic Fields in Pipes Smaller than the Critical Size (1942)

A theoretical and experimental discussion is given of electromagnetic fields in pipes smaller than the critical size, especially with regard to attenuation, and based upon wave-guide theory. It is shown that the rate of attenuation, as the wavelength increases and passes through the critical value, approaches a high asymptotic value. Confirmatory experimental data are given. Simple formulas for attenuation are included.
Characterization of Pyrene-Labeled Arborescent Polystyrenes Using Fluorescence Quenching Techniques (1997)

The chain segmental density and diffusional properties of arborescent (highly branched) polystyrenes were investigated by labeling the polymers with pyrene and observing their quenching behavior. A series of arborescent polymers with short (5000 g·mol-1) branches and a linear polymer were investigated. Nitrobenzene and nitrated linear polystyrene were used as quenchers for the pyrene fluorescence. For the nitrobenzene quenching experiments, quencher diffusion coefficients were calculated using the Smoluchowski equation. Comparison of the diffusion coefficients indicates a reduced diffusion rate for small molecules inside arborescent polystyrenes relative to the linear polymer and a decreasing trend with increasing generation number. Quenching experiments with linear nitrated polystyrene led to downward curvature in the Stern−Volmer plots, suggesting that a portion of the chromophores were not accessible to the quencher groups. The fractional Stern−Volmer model was applied, and the quenching rate constants and fraction of accessible chromophores were obtained. The arborescent samples had reduced quenching rate constants, and the fraction of accessible chromophores decreased for higher generation polymers.
Accuracy of precipitation measurements for hydrologic modeling (1974)

The use of precipitation data as input for conceptual hydrologic models has enhanced the need for measurements more representative of ‘true’ precipitation. Precipitation input to continuous watershed models is generally some form of mean basin precipitation estimate based on point measurements. Each point measurement can have large catch deficiencies due to wind, especially for solid precipitation. A brief review is made of past results from studies concerned with these deficiencies. New curves based on current studies are presented for wind‐caused gage catch deficiencies for both rain and snow. The results of using gage catch correction factors to adjust precipitation input to a conceptual hydrologic model are presented.
Dynamics of strong and fragile glass formers: Differences and correlation with low-temperature properties (1993)

Low-frequency Raman spectra of strong and fragile glass forming liquids were measured in a wide temperature range. From an analysis of the spectra and literature data it is found that the main difference in the dynamic structure factor is the ratio of vibrational to relaxational contributions: The stronger the glass former the higher this ratio. It is shown that this difference survives even at very low temperatures and determines the low-temperature anomalies of glasses. A possible way how the observed difference influences the fragility of a liquid is discussed.
Detection and Quantification of Insertion/Deletion Variations by Allele-Specific Real-Time PCR: Application for Genotyping and Chimerism Analysis (2002)

The DNA-based quantitative analysis of genetic chimerism is becoming increasingly more important for molecular biology in general and molecular medicine in particular. Useful genomic targets for these analyses are polymorphic sequences, but here the problem of a reliable quantification with high dynamic range is not yet satisfactorily solved. To this end we have combined the allele-specific amplification with a real-time PCR-based quantification for rapid allelotyping and chimerism analysis. The sequence variations are discriminated by the 3'-end of the allele-specific primer. Amplification is monitored by SYBR-Green I fluorescence. We demonstrate the efficiency of this method for two clinically relevant targets: (i) the 10 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter of the factor VIIc (F-VIIc) gene and (ii) the 4G/5G single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene. Both polymorphisms are associated with clinical risk factors. Allelotyping results were in complete agreement with those obtained by reference methods. Mixed chimeric DNA samples could be quantified reliably with a dynamic range of 1:3000 for an easy target (F-VIIc) and of 1:64 for a difficult target (PAI-1). Our protocol is particularly useful for rapid, reliable and inexpensive genotyping and quantitative chimerism analysis without requiring expensive fluorophor dye labelled probes.
Formation of low-resistive ultra-shallow n/sup +//p junction by heat-assisted excimer laser annealing (2002)

Low-resistive ultra-shallow n/sup +//p junctions were formed with Sb by a heat-assisted laser annealing method. A wide process window for laser energy density and heating temperature was obtained. Under that condition, Sb diffusion was small and did not affect junction depth. The obtained sheet resistance was about 540/spl Omega///spl square/ for junction depth of 21 nm.
A Pipeline Architecture Incorporating a Low-Cost Error Detection and Correction Mechanism (2006)

High reliability requirements in many modern applications make soft errors an extremely important design aspect and pose new challenges in nanometer technologies. In addition, timing faults that may escape fabrication tests become a real concern in high complexity, high frequency designs. To confront this situation, a concurrent error detection and correction circuit and technique are presented in this work. Their application in pipeline architectures is analyzed and the pipeline error recovery mechanism is illustrated. The proposed scheme is characterized by low silicon area requirements, compared to earlier approaches, and the need of only a single clock cycle for pipeline recovery.
<title>Three-dimensional ultrasonic parametric and tissue-property imaging for tissue evaluation, treatment planning, therapy guidance, and efficacy assessment</title> (2000)

Two- and three-dimensional depictions of ultrasound echo signal data have potential for helping to detect and diagnose disease and to plan and monitor therapy. The utilization of very-high-frequency ultrasound and spectrum analysis of radio- frequency echo signals extends the capabilities of ultrasonic imaging for these purposes. Images generated using these techniques can present tissue architecture with exquisite resolution and can provide information on underlying properties of scatterers in the tissue. Changes in properties over time can be used to monitor disease progression or response to therapy. Relating tissue echo-signal parameters obtained from unknown tissue to database values of known tissue types can provide means of characterizing tissue for the purposes of detection or diagnosis and treatment planning. These potential applications are illustrated using examples from plaque, ophthalmic, skin, and prostate studies.
Overexpression of <i>CDC25B</i> and <i>LAMC2</i> mRNA and Protein in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Premalignant Lesions in Subjects from a High-Risk Population in China (2008)

Molecular events associated with the initiation and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain poorly understood but likely hold the key to effective early detection approaches for this almost invariably fatal cancer. CDC25B and LAMC2 are two promising early detection candidates emerging from new molecular studies of ESCC. To further elucidate the role of these two genes in esophageal carcinogenesis, we did a series of studies to (a) confirm RNA overexpression, (b) establish the prevalence of protein overexpression, (c) relate protein overexpression to survival, and (d) explore their potential as early detection biomarkers. Results of these studies indicated that CDC25B mRNA was overexpressed (>/=2-fold overexpression in tumor compared with normal) in 64% of the 73 ESCC cases evaluated, whereas LAMC2 mRNA was overexpressed in 89% of cases. CDC25B protein expression was categorized as positive in 59% (144 of 243) of ESCC cases on a tumor tissue microarray, and nonnegative LAMC2 patterns of protein expression were observed in 82% (225 of 275) of cases. Multivariate-adjusted proportional hazard regression models showed no association between CDC25B protein expression score and risk of death [hazard ratio (HR) for each unit increase in expression score, 1.00; P = 0.90]; however, several of the LAMC2 protein expression patterns strongly predicted survival. Using the cytoplasmic pattern as the reference (the pattern with the lowest mortality), cases with a diffuse pattern had a 254% increased risk of death (HR, 3.52; P = 0.007), cases with no LAMC2 expression had a 169% increased risk of death (HR, 2.69; P = 0.009), and cases with a peripheral pattern had a 130% greater risk of death (HR, 2.30; P = 0.02). CDC25B protein expression scores in subjects with esophageal biopsies diagnosed as normal (n = 35), dysplastic (n = 23), or ESCC (n = 32) increased significantly with morphologic progression. For LAMC2, all normal and dysplastic patients had a continuous pattern of protein expression, whereas all ESCCs showed alternative, noncontinuous patterns. This series of studies showed that both CDC25B and LAMC2 overexpress RNA and protein in a significant majority of ESCC cases. The strong relation of LAMC2 pattern of protein expression to survival suggests a role in prognosis, whereas the association of CDC25B with morphologic progression indicates a potential role as an early detection marker.
Sphingosine Kinase Activation Mediates Ischemic Preconditioning in Murine Heart (2004)

These findings demonstrate that PKCepsilon is thus recruited by IPC and induces activation of SK that then mediates IPC-induced cardioprotection in murine heart.
Synthesis of tetrahydrolipstatin (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of tetrahydrolipstatinN. K. Chadha, A. D. Batcho, P. C. Tang, L. F. Courtney, C. M. Cook, P. M. Wovkulich, and Milan R. UskokovicCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 15, 4714–4718Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00015a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00015a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views789Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Disagregin is a fibrinogen receptor antagonist lacking the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence from the tick, Ornithodoros moubata. (1994)

A platelet aggregation inhibitor was identified in the salivary gland of the tick Ornithodoros moubata and isolated by gel filtration and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The purified inhibitor is a approximately 6-kDa protein, which we have named disagregin. It inhibits ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation in plasma with an IC50 = 104 +/- 17 nM. Disagregin also inhibits platelet aggregation induced by other agonists, including collagen, epinephrine, platelet-activating factor, thrombin, and the thrombin receptor peptide SFLLRNPNDKYEPF. It does not, however, affect platelet shape change induced by these agonists or thrombin-induced dense granule release. Disagregin inhibits platelet aggregation by binding to the platelet fibrinogen receptor. 125I-Disagregin forms a specific complex with both subunits of the fibrinogen receptor, glycoproteins IIb and IIIa, in the presence of a chemical cross-linker. It binds to unstimulated platelets with a Kd = 42.5 +/- 7.5 nM (23,800 +/- 1600 sites/platelet) and to ADP-stimulated platelets with Kd = 39.4 +/- 6.6 nM (24,050 +/- 1500 sites/platelet). Unlabeled disagregin and the snake venom disintegrin echistatin both compete for this binding. Disagregin also completely blocks platelet adhesion to fibrinogen while partially inhibiting platelet adhesion to fibronectin and having little effect on platelet adhesion to collagen. Disagregin had no effect on the adhesion of human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells to fibrinogen or vitronectin. These cells lack the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex; therefore, this result is consistent with the ability of disagregin to bind selectively to platelet glycoproteins IIb and IIIa. Sequence analysis of disagregin revealed 60 residues composing a unique protein. Unlike other fibrinogen antagonists it does not contain the Arg-Gly-Asp cell recognition sequence or a conservative substitution, and it has no structural homology with the Arg-Gly-Asp-containing snake venom disintegrins. Thus, disagregin is unique both in structure and function and may serve as a useful tool for the design of therapeutically useful antithrombotic agents.
Effect of active immunization of heifers against inhibin on plasma FSH concentrations, ovarian follicular development and ovulation rate (1992)

To study the effects of immunoneutralization of endogenous inhibin on gonadotrophin secretion and ovarian function, prepubertal heifers (n = 6) were actively immunized against a synthetic peptide replica of the N-terminal sequence of bovine inhibin alpha subunit (bI alpha(1-29)Tyr30) coupled to ovalbumin. In contrast to ovalbumin-immunized controls (n = 6), bI alpha(1-29)Tyr30-immunized heifers had detectable inhibin antibody titres (% binding to 125I-labelled bovine inhibin at 1:2000 dilution of plasma) of 17 +/- 3% (S.E.M.) at puberty, rising to 31 +/- 5% by the end of the study period 7 months later. Neither age (immunized: 295 +/- 8 days; controls: 300 +/- 5 days) nor body weight (immunized: 254 +/- 13 kg; controls 251 +/- 9 kg) at onset of puberty differed between groups. Although the difference did not reach statistical significance, mean plasma FSH concentrations recorded in inhibin-immunized heifers remained 35-40% higher than in controls throughout the 12-week period leading up to puberty (P = 0.14) and during nine successive oestrous cycles studied after puberty (P = 0.10). Plasma LH concentrations did not differ between groups at any time during the study. Inhibin immunization had no effect on oestrous cycle length (immunized: 19.8 +/- 0.5 days; controls: 19.9 +/- 0.5 days).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prostaglandin F2 alpha-isopropylester eye drops: effects in normal human eyes. (1989)

The effects of PGF2 alpha-isopropylester eye drops on intraocular pressure (IOP) and aqueous humour dynamics were investigated in healthy male volunteers. The other eye was treated with vehicle and used as a control. Special attention was also paid to adverse effects. Single and repeated doses were tested. There was a dose related effect on IOP. Significant reductions were observed 4, 8, and 12 hours after application of 1.0, 2.5, or 10 micrograms PGF2 alpha equivalents of the drug. With 10 micrograms the effect lasted 24 hours. An initial tendency towards an increase in IOP was observed for these doses. Repeated doses of 1.0 microgram daily or 0.5 microgram twice daily produced a significant and lasting IOP reduction of about 2 mmHg for 1-2 weeks. Aqueous humour production was not altered, and outflow facility was not significantly changed. There was a dose dependent hyperaemia with a maximum within 2 hours after application. A foreign body sensation, some pain, and photophobia were noted with increasing doses. A slight miosis of 1 mm was seen in three of six eyes treated with 10 micrograms. No signs of intraocular inflammation were recorded, but a slight increase in penetration of fluorescein into the anterior chamber was observed after 16 days of treatment.
The Discovery of a Novel and Selective Inhibitor of <scp>PTP</scp>1B Over <scp>TCPTP</scp>: 3D <scp>QSAR</scp> Pharmacophore Modeling, Virtual Screening, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation (2014)

Given the special role of insulin and leptin signaling in various biological responses, protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) was regarded as a novel therapeutic target for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, owing to the highly conserved (sequence identity of about 74%) in active pocket, targeting PTP1B for drug discovery is a great challenge. In this study, we employed the software package Discovery Studio to develop 3D QSAR pharmacophore models for PTP1B and TCPTP inhibitors. It was further validated by three methods (cost analysis, test set prediction, and Fisher's test) to show that the models can be used to predict the biological activities of compounds without costly and time-consuming synthesis. The criteria for virtual screening were also validated by testing the selective PTP1B inhibitors. Virtual screening experiments and subsequent in vitro evaluation of promising hits revealed a novel and selective inhibitor of PTP1B over TCPTP. After that, a most likely binding mode was proposed. Thus, the findings reported here may provide a new strategy in discovering selective PTP1B inhibitors.
A Versatile Synthetic Route to Phosphonate-Functional Monomers, Oligomers, Silanes, and Hybrid Nanoparticles (2005)

The highly selective single Michael addition of diethyl vinylphosphonate to alkylamines represents a very versatile synthetic route affording a large variety of novel multifunctional phosphonates including aminoalkylphosphonates, phosphonate functional silanes, and phosphonate-functionalized acrylic monomers. The hydrolysis of the phosphonate group results in a phosphonic acid functional monomer which can be used as component of dental composites exhibiting improved filler−matrix interaction. The sol−gel reaction of the phosphonate-functional silanes produced novel phosphonate-functional organic/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles with particle sizes ranging from 30 to 100 nm.
The Quaternary System CaO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–CaSO<sub>4</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O at 25°C. Equilibria with Crystalline Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–3H<sub>2</sub>O, Alumina Gel, and Solid Solution. (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTThe Quaternary System CaO–Al2O3–CaSO4–H2O at 25°C. Equilibria with Crystalline Al2O3–3H2O, Alumina Gel, and Solid Solution.F. E. JonesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1944, 48, 6, 311–356Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1944https://doi.org/10.1021/j150438a001Request reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts