gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extending VRML to Support Collaborative Virtual Environments (1996)

In this paper we will give a short overview of the areas where VRML ---the Virtual Reality Modelling Language --- has to be extended in order to support collaborative virtual environments on the Internet. We will present extensions which allow an adequate representation of the individual participant within the virtual world. We will show how our approach supports shared interactions and behaviours, and the necessary mechanisms to keep distributed virtual worlds consistent while minimizing the network traffic at the same time. Finally we will introduce our networked architecture based on state of the art network technology as a basis for scalable shared virtual worlds, potentially populated by hundreds or even thousands of users. KEYWORDS Distributed virtual environments, Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML), multi-user environments, shared interaction and behaviour, multicasting. INTRODUCTION While solutions for efficient realizations of local single-user VR systems exist, the...
Group IV Metal Complexes of the Dithiocarbamate Ligahd Derived from Propanediamine (1993)

Abstract Fropanediamine dithiocarbamate and its metal complexes with MCl4. (Si = M Ge, Sn, Ti, and Zr) and Ph2-SnCl2 have been synthesized and characterized. The results indicate that MCI4. reacts in a 1, 4 (metal : dithiocarbamate) ratio yielding an octahedral compound with two symmetrically and two unsym-metrically bound dithiocarbamato groups while Ph2SnCl2 reacts in a 1: 1 ratio leading to the formation of a stable five-coordinate complex with the phenyl groups occupying the equatorial positions.
Zinc Oxide Microtowers by Vapor Phase Homoepitaxial Regrowth (2009)

Simultaneous axial and radial epitaxies can be achieved on growing ZnO microtowers through a regrowth technique of repeating the same growth circle for several times. The as-grown ZnO microtowers display a preferential growth habit of hexagonal prism–dihexagonal pyramid. The apexes of the pyramidal towers are very sharp, with a radius of curvature as small as 2 to 50 nm. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Applications of free-jet, molecular beam, mass spectrometric sampling: Proceedings (2018)

Over the past 35 years, the study of die behavior and uses of free-jet expansions for laboratory experiments has greatly expanded and matured. Not the least of these uses of free-jet expansions, is that of extractive sampling from high temperature, reactive systems. The conversion of the free-jet expanded gases to molecular flow for direct introduction into the ion source of a mass spectrometer offers several advantages, to be illustrated in these pages. Two meetings on this subject were held in 1965 and 1972 in Missouri, sponsored by the Office of Naval Research and Midwest Research Institute. At these meetings rarefied gas dynamicists came together with scientists using free-jet sampling for analytical purposes. After much too long a time, this workshop was convened to bring together modem practitioners of FJMBS (Free-jet, Molecular-beam, mass spectrometry) and long time students of the free-jet process itself, to assess the current state of the art and to forge a community that can foster the development of this novel analytical approach. This proceedings is comprised of 38 individually submitted papers. Individual papers are indexed separately on the Energy Data Base.
Xanthones and thioxanthones. Part V. The preparation and properties of 9-thia-2-aza-anthrone and 9-thia-4-aza-anthrone (1954)

S. Kruger and F. G. Mann, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 3905 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540003905
Growth behavior near the ultimate resolution of nanometer-scale focused electron beam-induced deposition (2008)

An attempt has been made to reach the ultimate spatial resolution for electron beam-induced deposition (EBID) using W(CO)(6) as a precursor. The smallest dots that have been written have an average diameter of 0.72 nm at full width at half maximum (FWHM). A study of the nucleation stage revealed that the growth is different for each dot, despite identical growth conditions. The center of mass of each dot is not exactly on the position irradiated by the e-beam but on a random spot close to the irradiated spot. Also, the growth rate is not constant during deposition and the final deposited volume varies from dot to dot. The annular dark field signal was recorded during growth in the hope to find discrete steps in the signal which would be evidence of the one-by-one deposition of single molecules. Discrete steps were not observed, but by combining atomic force microscope measurements and a statistical analysis of the deposited volumes, it was possible to estimate the average volume of the units of which the deposits consist. It is concluded that the volume per unit is as small as 0.4 nm(3), less than twice the volume of a single W(CO)(6) molecule in the solid phase.
Electromigration Analysis of Signal Nets (2014)

The scaling down of technologies presents new challenges in reliability, one of them being electromigration. Electromigration was not cause of concern until interconnects widths shrunk to the micrometer scale. At this point, research was focused into electromigration analysis of interconnects. International conferences on reliability have recognized electromigration as one of the biggest problems in reliability. This thesis focuses on electromigration analysis of signal nets and was carried out in Design Methodology department at a company in Eindhoven. The purpose of this thesis work was to setup a flow for electromigration analysis using existing tools at the company. Comparison of tools and theoretical study of electromigration also forms a big part of this internship. A summary of theoretical studies on electromigration phenomenon and their implications on design parameters is investigated in this thesis report. The approach of setting up tools, evaluation strategy and results of the evaluation are also documented in this report. Lastly a conclusion in a form of an effective design methodology and comparison of tools are presented. This report also contains challenges encountered while setting up of tools and motivation for enabling different options for electromigration analysis. Trade-offs between simulation run time, parasitic extraction, chip area and reliability concerns are also discussed in this report.
Efinaconazole Topical Solution, 10% (2015)

Treatment of coexisting tinea pedis in patients with onychomycosis enhances the efficacy of once-daily topical treatment with efinaconazole topical solution, 10%.
Use of the enterotest duodenal capsule in the diagnosis of giardiasis. A preliminary study. (1974)

The Enterotest was compared with stool examination and jejunal aspirate obtained at jejunal biopsy from the Crosby capsule, as a method for finding Giardia lamblia.
Functional MR Imaging during Hypercapnia and Hyperoxia: Noninvasive Tool for Monitoring Changes in Liver Perfusion and Hemodynamics in a Rat Model<sup>1</sup> (2007)

In the liver, the magnitude of the percentage change in SI induced by hypercapnia and hyperoxia reflects changes in total blood volume; whereas percentage change in SI values induced by hypercapnia from a negative to a positive value reflects relative changes in portal-to-arterial blood flow ratio.
Entropy Estimates from Insufficient Samplings (2003)

We present a detailed derivation of some estimators of Shannon entropy for discrete distributions. They hold for finite samples of N points distributed into M "boxes", with N and M -> oo, but N/M < oo. In the high sampling regime (<< 1 points in each box) they have exponentially small biases. In the low sampling regime the errors increase but are still much smaller than for most other estimators. One advantage is that our main estimators are given analytically, with explicitly known analytical formulas for the biases.
Palladium(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction of lithium (.alpha.-carbalkoxyvinyl)cuprates with organic halides (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction of lithium (.alpha.-carbalkoxyvinyl)cuprates with organic halidesTetsuo Tsuda, Tsutomu Yoshida, and Takeo SaegusaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 3, 607–610Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00238a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00238a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views425Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lithium‐induced enhancement of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in human brain tissue (2009)

Objectives: Extensive preclinical and clinical evidence suggests mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder. Studies of brain energy metabolism in bipolar disorder suggest an impairment of energy generation by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Lithium is an effective drug widely used in treating bipolar disorder, but its mechanism of action has remained uncertain. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of lithium on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Methods: We spectrophotometrically determined the activities of the respiratory chain complexes I + III [antimycin A‐sensitive nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) cytochrome c oxidorductase], complexes II + III (succinate cytochrome c oxidoreductase), succinate dehydrogenase, and complex IV [cytochrome c oxidase (COX)], and of the mitochondrial matrix enzyme citrate synthase in postmortem human brain cortex homogenates following exposure to lithium (up to 10 mM). Results: Activities of complexes I + III and of complexes II + III were dose‐dependently increased by lithium with maximum values at 1 mM (165%, p = 0.03, and 146%, p = 0.00002, of controls). Activity of succinate dehydrogenase remained unchanged up to 2 mM, but was raised at higher drug concentrations (maximum 220%, p = 0.01, of controls). In contrast, activity of COX was not significantly affected by the drug (decrease of 12% at 1 mM, p = 0.4). Conclusions: Our study suggests that lithium stimulates mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities at clinically relevant concentrations. Lithium’s effect on the mitochondrial respiratory chain presents further evidence of the pathophysiological significance of mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder. The effect may be relevant to the therapeutic efficacy of the drug by potentially reversing a disease‐related alteration.
Nanoparticle Properties for Delivery to Cartilage: The Implications of Disease State, Synovial Fluid, and Off-Target Uptake (2017)

A major hurdle limiting the ability to treat and cure osteoarthritis, a common and debilitating disease, is rapid joint clearance and limited cartilage targeting of intra-articular therapies. Nanoscale drug carriers have the potential to improve therapeutic targeting and retention in the joint after direct injection; however, there still lacks a fundamental understanding of how the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) influence localization to the degenerating cartilage and how joint conditions such as disease state and synovial fluid impact NP biodistribution. The goal of this study was to assess how physicochemical properties of NPs influence their interactions with joint tissues and, ultimately, cartilage localization. Ex vivo models of joint tissues were used to study how poly(lactide- co-glycolide) (PLGA) and polystyrene (PS) NP size, charge, and surface chemistry influence cartilage retention under normal and disease-mimicking conditions. Of the particles investigated, PLGA NPs surface-modified with a quaternary ammonium cation had the greatest retention within cartilage explants; however, retention was diminished 2- to 2.9-fold in arthritic tissue and in the presence of synovial fluid. Interactions with synovial fluid induced changes to NP surface properties and colloidal stability in vitro. The impact of NP charge on "off-target" synoviocyte uptake was also dependent on synovial fluid interactions. The results suggest that the design of nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery within the joint cannot be based on a single parameter such as zeta potential or size, and that the fate of injected delivery systems will likely be influenced by the disease state of the joint and the presence of synovial fluid.
Network-level security and privacy control for smart-home IoT devices (2015)

The increasing uptake of smart home appliances, such as lights, smoke-alarms, power switches, baby monitors, and weighing scales, raises privacy and security concerns at unprecedented scale, allowing legitimate and illegitimate entities to snoop and intrude into the family's activities. In this paper we first illustrate these threats using real devices currently available in the market. We then argue that as more such devices emerge, the attack vectors increase, and ensuring privacy/security of the house becomes more challenging. We therefore advocate that device-level protections be augmented with network-level security solutions, that can monitor network activity to detect suspicious behavior. We further propose that software defined networking technology be used to dynamically block/quarantine devices, based on their network activity and on the context within the house such as time-of-day or occupancy-level. We believe our network-centric approach can augment device-centric security for the emerging smart-home.
Scalable Elastomeric Membranes for Alkaline Water Electrolysis (2018)

No abstract provided.
Characterizing user access behaviors in mobile TV system (2012)

Video traffic will soon become the majority of the data traffic in mobile networks. However, little is known about how users watch video on mobile devices. Understanding the characteristics of mobile video access can greatly benefit the design of video distribution systems in mobile networks. In this paper, we present an analysis of data logs obtained from a large scale commercial mobile TV system. Our analysis shows that user video accesses can be separated into two distinct categories: browsing and viewing. The user browsing sessions are short video accesses, with its length following a Weibull distribution. The user viewing sessions are considerably longer; its length distribution follows a piecewise model which combines the lognormal distribution and a tail following generalized Pareto distribution. The findings are especially useful for modeling and optimization of Internet based mobile TV systems.
Equipotential shells for efficient inductance extraction (2001)

To make three-dimensional (3-D) on-chip interconnect inductance extraction tractable, it is necessary to ignore parasitic couplings without compromising critical properties of the interconnect system. It is demonstrated that simply discarding faraway mutual inductance couplings can lead to an unstable approximate inductance matrix. In this paper, we describe an equipotential shell methodology, which generates a partial inductance matrix that is sparse yet stable and symmetric. We prove the positive definiteness of the resulting approximate inductance matrix when the equipotential shells are properly defined. Importantly, the equipotential shell approach also provably preserves the inductance of loops if they are enclosed entirely within the shells of their segments. Methods for sizing the shells to control the accuracy are presented. To demonstrate the overall efficacy for on-chip extraction, ellipsoid shells, which are a special case of the general equipotential shell approach, are presented and demonstrated for both on-chip and system-level extraction examples.
Molecular genetics of schizophrenia: a critical review (2003)

We present an overview of current progress and future directions in the molecular genetics of schizophrenia. We review linkage studies, involving the genome-wide scan of chromosomes with closely spaced polymorphic markers, and association studies of candidate genes, identified on the basis of receptors, neurotransmitters and response to certain drugs. The limitations of the research methodology involved in analyzing such a complex disorder are discussed, as are methods to strengthen this methodology with newer statistical and technological advances to give results that are replicable, statistically significant and applicable to a wider population. A greater understanding of the genetic mechanisms and the application of pharmacogenetics would lead to improvements in therapeutic interventions.
The absorption site of cyclosporin in the human gastrointestinal tract. (1992)

1. An emulsion preparation of cyclosporin was administered locally to different parts of the small and large intestine by gavage: to the duodenum (opposite to the papilla of Vater), jejunum (150 cm distal to the teeth), ileum (300 cm distal to the teeth), and to the colon descendens (30 cm proximal to the anus). 2. The bioavailability of cyclosporin after these instillations was compared with that after oral administration of a hard gelatine capsule formulation. 3. Cyclosporin was found to be absorbed predominantly in the small intestine. This may have implications for dosage in patients with reduced absorptive surface area.
Third Cervical Nerve Root and Ganglion Compression: Clinical Syndrome, Surgical Anatomy, and Pathological Findings (1996)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine whether C3 nerve root and ganglion compression occurs and, if so, to provide a preliminary description of the associated clinical syndrome and surgical pathological findings. METHODS: The normal anatomy of the C2-C3 foramen was studied bilaterally in five fresh cadaver dissections and on 10 normal vertebral angiograms. Six patients were selected whose C3 dermatome sensory deficits resolved after C2-C3 facetectomy for C3 nerve root and ganglion decompression. RESULTS: Patients with C3 nerve root and ganglion compression presented with radiating pain, dysesthesias, and numbness referred to the C3 pain dermatome: the scalp area behind and over the ear, the pinna, and the angle of the mandible. At physical examination, the presence of analgesia/dense hypalgesia in the C3 pain dermatome established the diagnosis. Imaging studies were suggestive but inconclusive. Surgical pathological findings showed the C3 nerve root and medial portion of the ganglion flattened by C2-C3 facet and uncovertebral joint spurs and the lateral part of the ganglion stretched and flattened by C2-C3 arthrosis and the C2-C3 vertebral loop. Decompression was obtained by a complete facetectomy. Complications required four operations: recurrence, contralateral C3 root decompression, bilateral C2 nerve root decompression, and C2-C3 fusion. CONCLUSION: C3 nerve root and ganglion compression, although uncommon, does occur. It presents with radiating pain, dysesthesias, numbness, and a C3 dermatome sensory deficit. The associated clinical syndrome resolves after facetectomy and C3 root and ganglion decompression.
On-line compensation for non-stationary noise (2004)

An improvement of a previously proposed frame-synchronous noise compensation algorithm is presented. The previous algorithm used the stochastic matching approach and was designed to cope with time-varying noise. The improved version of this algorithm takes into account the abrupt changes in the acoustical environment. The environment change is detected using the Shewart control charts detection algorithm that searches for the chances in the means of Gaussian sequence. For each noisy environment a specific mismatch function is estimated. A simple bias is used as mismatch function. After detection of environment change, the bias is reinitialized by the value corresponding to the closest noisy environment previously observed. This technique is general since no assumption is made on the nature, level and occurring time of noise. Our algorithm is evaluated on the VODIS database (speech in moving car). All the test sentences were corrupted by an additive noise occurring at the middle of each sentence. This latest version of our algorithm gives significant improvement compared to classical compensation algorithms.
Immunoglobulin G Responses to a Panel of <i>Candida albicans</i> Antigens as Accurate and Early Markers for the Presence of Systemic Candidiasis (2008)

Despite shortcomings, cultures of blood and sterile sites remain the "gold standard" for diagnosing systemic candidiasis. Alternative diagnostic markers, including antibody detection, have been developed, but none are widely accepted. In this study, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure serum antibody responses against 15 recombinant Candida albicans antigens among 60 patients with systemic candidiasis due to various Candida spp. and 24 uninfected controls. Mean immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses against all 15 antigens were significantly higher among patients with systemic candidiasis than among controls, whereas IgM responses were higher against only seven antigens. Using discriminant analysis that included IgG responses against the 15 antigens, we derived a mathematical prediction model that identified patients with systemic candidiasis with an error rate of 3.7%, a sensitivity of 96.6%, and a specificity of 95.6%. Furthermore, a prediction model using a subset of four antigens (SET1, ENO1, PGK1-2, and MUC1-2) identified through backward elimination and canonical correlation analyses performed as accurately as the full panel. Using the simplified model, we predicted systemic candidiasis in a separate test sample of 32 patients and controls with 100% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity. We also demonstrated that IgG titers against each of the four antigens included in the prediction model were significantly higher in convalescent-phase sera than in paired acute-phase sera. Taken together, our findings suggest that IgG responses against a panel of candidal antigens might represent an accurate and early marker of systemic candidiasis, a hypothesis that should be tested in future trials.