gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenosine inhibition of beta-adrenergic induced responses in aged hearts (1993)

Because adenosine has an antiadrenergic action in the heart, young (3-4 mo) and aged (18-20 mo) adult Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rat hearts were perfused to determine whether interstitial adenosine plays a role in the reduced metabolic and mechanical responsiveness of the aged heart to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Interstitial adenosine was approximately twofold greater in aged hearts compared with young adult hearts, and 10(-8) M isoproterenol (ISO) further increased these levels. ISO increased myocardial adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate content, glycogen phosphorylase activity, and cardiac contractility by 83, 150, and 130%, respectively, in young hearts but only increased these variables by 45, 74, and 61%, respectively, in aged hearts. Sulfophenyl-theophylline prevented the reduced ISO-induced responsiveness of the above variables in aged hearts. Exogenously administered adenosine deaminase eliminated the reduced ISO-induced contractile responsiveness in aged hearts. The apparent activities of 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase were not significantly different in ventricular samples from young and aged hearts. These results suggest that the elevated interstitial level of adenosine exerts a greater antiadrenergic effect in the aged heart, rendering it less responsive to beta-adrenergic stimulation. The increased interstitial level of adenosine in the aged heart does not appear to be due to a difference in the activities of either 5'-nucleotidase or adenosine deaminase.
Preparation of the Chinese sweet leaf tea extract and its anti-obesity effect in rodents (2009)

The aqueous leaf extract of Rubus suavissimus (Chinese sweet leaf tea) was active in inhibiting angiogenesis, which could be used to suppress adipogenesis and cause weight loss. Following this revelation and approach, the anti-obesity effect was thoroughly investigated in normal and obese rat models. The investigations began with the preparation of quality-controlled extract. First, the crude extraction methods were examined leading to the characterization of the chemical composition. Second, the impure components were removed by alcohol precipitation and column chromatography, resulting in a standardized sweet leaf tea extract (RUS). Third, three bioavailable compounds identified from the urine analyses were re-constituted to form the purified sweet leaf tea extract (GER), which accounted for 27% by weight of the RUS. These standardized and purified sweet leaf tea extracts were then evaluated for their anti-obesity effect in normal and obese-prone rats. Both RUS and GER reduced body weight gain by 7% (p =0.999) in normal rodents but statistical analyses failed to show any significance due to small sample size. Amazingly, it was discovered that the use of the tri-compounds combination (GER) produced the same anti-obesity effect as the standardized extract (RUS). Consequently, new experiments were focused on the GER using obese-prone rats as the study model. GER showed a significant anti-obesity effect by reducing 22% (p¡Ü 0.001) weight gain compared to the high-fat diet control group. Total abdominal fat was reduced significantly by 48%, indicating that the lost body mass was mainly due to the loss of body fat. Other benefits of the Chinese sweet leaf tea extract included lowered blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Food intake was not affected. No adverse effects were observed. This research provides exciting insights about the novel use of the Chinese sweet leaf tea as a safe and effective anti-obesity agent beyond its historic use as a natural sweetener. Human clinical investigations are strongly warranted to determine the effective doses and long-term use safety in combating obesity or managing body weight.
Monitoring of Water Content in Building Materials Using a Wireless Passive Sensor (2010)

This paper describes an innovative design of a wireless, passive LC sensor and its application for monitoring of water content in building materials. The sensor was embedded in test material samples so that the internal water content of the samples could be measured with an antenna by tracking the changes in the sensor's resonant frequency. Since the dielectric constant of water was much higher compared with that of the test samples, the presence of water in the samples increased the capacitance of the LC circuit, thus decreasing the sensor's resonant frequency. The sensor is made up of a printed circuit board in one metal layer and water content has been determined for clay brick and autoclaved aerated concrete block, both widely used construction materials. Measurements were conducted at room temperature using a HP-4194A Impedance/Gain-Phase Analyzer instrument.
A Highly-Integrated 3–8 GHz Ultra-Wideband RF Transmitter With Digital-Assisted Carrier Leakage Calibration and Automatic Transmit Power Control (2011)

This paper presents a highly-integrated 3-8 GHz ultra-wideband (UWB) RF transmitter implemented in a 1.2 V 0.13m CMOS technology. The transmitter integrates an analog baseband (PGAs and filter), an IQ modulator, a variable gain amplifier (VGA), a differential-to-single-ended amplifier, a power amplifier, as well as a transmitted signal strength indicator (TSSI). The RF VGA and the TSSI cooperate to perform an automatic transmit power control. The IQ modulator and an off-chip digital circuit implemented by a FPGA perform a carrier leakage calibration. Measured maximum output power and OP1 dB are -5 and +1.5 dBm, respectively. Measured worst carrier leakage suppression is 21 dB (before calibration) at 6.6 GHz. Measured worst sideband suppression is 29.1 dB at 7.6 GHz. The high linearity and accurate IQ modulation lead to an error vector magnitude (EVM) of -28 dB under the data rate of 480 Mb/s in WiMedia Mode 1. The entire transmitter consumes 66 mW under supply voltage of 1.2 V.
Activin A Promotes Hematopoietic Fated Mesoderm Development Through Upregulation of Brachyury in Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2012)

The development of the hematopoietic system involves multiple cellular steps beginning with the formation of the mesoderm from the primitive streak, followed by emergence of precursor populations that become committed to either the endothelial or hematopoietic lineages. A number of growth factors such as activins and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are known to regulate the early specification of hematopoietic fated mesoderm, notably in amphibians. However, the potential roles of these factors in the development of mesoderm and subsequent hematopoiesis in the human have yet to be delineated. Defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which combinations of mesoderm-inducing factors regulate this stepwise process in human cells in vitro is central to effectively directing human embryonic stem cell (hESC) hematopoietic differentiation. Herein, using hESC-derived embryoid bodies (EBs), we show that Activin A, but not basic FGF/FGF2 (bFGF), promotes hematopoietic fated mesodermal specification from pluripotent human cells. The effect of Activin A treatment relies on the presence of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and both of the hematopoietic cytokines stem cell factor and fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 ligand, and is the consequence of 2 separate mechanisms occurring at 2 different stages of human EB development from mesoderm to blood. While Activin A promotes the induction of mesoderm, as indicated by the upregulation of Brachyury expression, which represents the mesodermal precursor required for hematopoietic development, it also contributes to the expansion of cells already committed to a hematopoietic fate. As hematopoietic development requires the transition through a Brachyury+ intermediate, we demonstrate that hematopoiesis in hESCs is impaired by the downregulation of Brachyury, but is unaffected by its overexpression. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the functional significance of Brachyury in the developmental program of hematopoietic differentiation from hESCs and provide an in-depth understanding of the molecular cues that orchestrate stepwise development of hematopoiesis in a human system.
Antioxidant Systems in Ripening Tomato Fruits (2004)

Two cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), Selection-7 (shelf life 7-8 d) and ARTH-3 (shelf life 14-15 d) were analyzed for oxidative stress and the antioxidant enzyme system at different stages of fruit ripening. The results presented here suggest that during the early stages of fruit ripening, efficient antioxidant system protects the tomato fruits against the damaging effect of progressive oxidative stress. At later stages, however, oxidative damage occurs due to decreased activities of the ROS scavenging enzymes.
Practical colorimeter for direct measurement of microplates in enzyme immunoassay systems (1978)

A colorimeter capable of measuring results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reactions directly in the wells of a microtiter plate is described. This colorimeter proved to be as accurate as a conventional spectrophotometer in assessing ELISA reactions, but had the advantage of not requiring transfer of the specimen to a separate chamber. With this colorimeter, 96 specimens can be read in approximately 5 min. A practical colorimeter such as this can make the use of ELISA tests more feasible for many laboratories.
Robust Particle Filters for Fatigue Crack Growth Estimation in Rotorcraft Structures (2016)

Fatigue crack growth propagation in critical rotorcraft structures is much more complex than fixed-wing aircrafts in part due to the random and vibratory nature of the rotorcraft flight load spectrum. Existing physical damage models, which are originally developed for the uniform cyclic loads of fixed-wing platforms, are not accurate enough for rotorcraft structures. Such inaccuracy often results in increased risk of operation and higher cost of maintenance. The goal of this paper is to present an integrated diagnostic framework for accurate fatigue life estimation of critical rotorcraft structures by combining the predictions of a physical damage model and evidence from real-time diagnostic sensor data. The diagnostic framework obtains the most probable crack size at each inspection interval using a sequential Monte Carlo method known as particle filters. To validate the framework, three representative rotorcraft principal structural elements were tested using an actual rotorcraft flight load spectrum. Results show that the crack size estimation error of the method presented here is much lower than any of the currently available physical damage models.
Draft genomes and phenotypic characterization of Tisochrysis lutea strains. Toward the production of domesticated strains with high added value (2017)

Tisochrysis lutea is a microalga species currently used in aquaculture as a feed for shellfish, oysters and shrimps. It also has many other potential industrial applications, such as the production of neutral lipids for biofuels or the production of ω-3 fatty acids for nutraceuticals (human food complements). To efficiently exploit the potential of this microalga, however, higher lipid productivities are needed. To this end, improvement programs need to be developed and optimized. The diversity of strains available in microalgae has not yet been exploited in such improvement programs. In this study, the intra-strain diversity was observed and exploited to increase neutral lipid productivity. New clonal strains with higher neutral lipid productivity were successfully selected. The best clonal strain selected accumulated 520% more triacylglycerols, with a similar growth rate to the wild-type strain in continuous light and nitrogen starvation conditions. In a photoperiod culture condition, this clonal stain also accumulated 84% more storage lipids and 30% less carbohydrates, compared to the wild-type strain. This clonal strain thus had a higher productivity which is of great interest for feed or biofuel applications. This study also focused on identifying the genomic mechanisms responsible for the improvements in these clonal strains. With this objective, the genome of Tisochrysis lutea was sequenced for the first time. It is the third genome of a Haptophyte microalga sequenced so far. Different genetic polymorphisms were identified between the sequenced genomes of the wild-type strain and clonal strains. Activity of transposable elements seems to have been involved in the genome reshuffling obtained through the improvement program. The contribution of transposable elements to the adaptive capacity of microalgae remains to be demonstrated.
Catalytic Dehydration of Methanol to Dimethyl Ether Catalyzed by Aluminum Phosphate Catalysts (2009)

A series of solid-acid catalysts with different content of components was prepared using the coprecipitation method. These samples comprised modified γ-Al2O3 with phosphorus. The effects of various contents of phosphorus (Al/P ratio from 0.5 to 3) have been investigated to determine an optimum one. The samples were characterized using BET, TGA, XRD, and NH3-TPD techniques and were also tested in a fixed-bed flow reactor under the same operating conditions (T = 573 K, P = 16 barg, WHSV = 26.07 h−1). According to the experimental results, phosphorus-modified catalysts have shown better performance compared to pure γ-alumina. It was found that surface areas increase with an increase in the molar ratio of aluminum-to-phosphorus. It was observed that aluminum phosphate samples with acidic sites whose acidity is very weak and/or moderate exhibit the best catalytic performance and stability. The sample with molar ratio of Al/P = 1.5 have exhibited the best activity for methanol dehydration.
The antimelanoma activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) is mediated by direct tumor cytotoxicity and increased tumor immunogenicity (2013)

Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer, and its incidence has been increasing faster than any other cancer. Although immunogenic, melanoma is not effectively cleared by host immunity. In this study, we investigate the therapeutic, antimelanoma potential of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) panobinostat (LBH589) by assessing both its cytotoxic effects on melanoma cells as well as enhancement of immune recognition of melanoma. Utilizing murine and human melanoma cell lines, we analyzed the effects of LBH589 on proliferation and survival. In addition, we analyzed the expression of several immunologically relevant surface markers and melanoma differentiation antigens, and the ability of LBH589-treated melanoma to activate antigen-specific T cells. Finally, we assessed the in-vivo effects of LBH589 in a mouse melanoma model. Low nanomolar concentrations of LBH589 inhibit the growth of all melanoma cell lines tested, but not normal melanocytes. This inhibition is characterized by increased apoptosis as well as a G1 cell cycle arrest. In addition, LBH589 augments the expression of major histocompatibility complex and costimulatory molecules on melanoma cells leading to an increased ability to activate antigen-specific T cells. Treatment also increases expression of melanoma differentiation antigens. In vivo, LBH589 treatment of melanoma-bearing mice results in a significant increase in survival. However, in immunodeficient mice, the therapeutic effect of LBH589 is lost. Taken together, LBH589 exerts a dual effect upon melanoma cells by affecting not only growth/survival but also by increasing melanoma immunogenicity. These effects provide the framework for future evaluation of this HDAC inhibitor in melanoma treatment.
ADAM-17-independent shedding of L-selectin (2003)

L-selectin is expressed by leukocytes and facilitates their adhesion under flow along the walls of blood vessels. As do a variety of membrane proteins, L-selectin undergoes ectodomain shedding. Using approaches that monitor full-length L-selectin in short-term assays, it has been determined that L-selectin shedding is defective in tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme (ADAM-17)-deficient cells. In this study, we examined the steady-state levels of L-selectin on ADAM-17-deficient cells using a monoclonal antibody to the cytoplasmic region of L-selectin, which allows for the detection of total L-selectin (full-length and the membrane-associated cleavage fragment). We demonstrate that ADAM-17-deficient cells generate a 6-kDa transmembrane fragment of L-selectin. Although inducible L-selectin shedding by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation was not observed by these cells in short-term assays, basal turnover did occur, resulting in the production of soluble L-selectin, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. L-selectin turnover was greatly increased upon ADAM-17 reconstitution. Truncating the juxtamembrane region of L-selectin blocked ADAM-17-independent shedding as did a hydroxymate metalloprotease inhibitor. Together, these findings demonstrate that a metalloprotease activity separate from ADAM-17 can use the cleavage domain of L-selectin. We speculate that separate proteolytic mechanisms of L-selectin shedding may regulate distinct antiadhesive mechanisms, such as inducible shedding for the rapid dissociation of cell-cell interactions and constitutive shedding for the homeostatic maintenance of high serum levels of soluble L-selectin, a potential adhesion buffer.
Hochpräzises Inklinometer mit optoelektronischer Neigungserfassung / High precision inclinometer based on an optoelectronic position measurement principle (1991)

Article Hochpräzises Inklinometer mit optoelektronischer Neigungserfassung / High precision inclinometer based on an optoelectronic position measurement principle was published on December 1, 1991 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 58, issue JG).
Coexistence of LTE and WiFi heterogeneous networks via inter network coordination (2014)

Fast increases in mobile data demand and inherently limited RF spectrum motivate the use of dynamic spectrum sharing between different radio technologies such as WiFi and LTE, most notably in small cell (HetNet) scenarios. In our project, we propose an inter-network coordination architecture which facilitates dynamic spectrum management in the HetNets for interference mitigation and efficient spectrum utilization. We aim to model interference between LTE and WiFi networks through experimental evaluation using the ORBIT testbed and the USRP/GNU radio platform. We further propose to study the performance of cooperative algorithms between LTE and WiFi network involving logically centralized system level optimization for maximizing throughput subject to certain constraints.
Activation of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism is a shared signature of mouse models with extended lifespan (2012)

Xenobiotic metabolism has been proposed to play a role in modulating the rate of aging. Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XME) are expressed at higher levels in calorically restricted mice (CR) and in GH/IGF-I-deficient, long-lived mutant mice. In this study, we show that many phase I XME genes are similarly upregulated in additional long-lived mouse models, including "crowded litter" (CL) mice, whose lifespan has been increased by food restriction limited to the first 3 wk of life, and in mice treated with rapamycin. Induction in the CL mice lasts at least through 22 mo of age, but induction by rapamycin is transient for many of the mRNAs. Cytochrome P-450s, flavin monooxygenases, hydroxyacid oxidase, and metallothioneins were found to be significantly elevated in similar proportions in each of the models of delayed aging tested, whether these were based on mutation, diet, drug treatment, or transient early intervention. The same pattern of mRNA elevation could be induced by 2 wk of treatment with tert-butylhydroquinone, an oxidative toxin known to activate Nrf2-dependent target genes. These results suggest that elevation of phase I XMEs is a hallmark of long-lived mice and may facilitate screens for agents worth testing in intervention-based lifespan studies.
Reaching movement generation with a recurrent neural network based on learning inverse kinematics for the humanoid robot iCub (2009)

We present a dynamical system approach that couples task and joint space by means of an attractor-based content addressable memory. The respective recurrent reservoir network simultaneously provides a novel control framework for goal directed movement generation. The network first learns to associate end effector coordinates with joint angles by means of reservoir attractor states and thereby implements forward and inverse kinematics. Generalization of the learned kinematics to a wide range of untrained target positions is achieved by modulating the attractors with desired input states. We show that this representation of the static kinematic mapping within a dynamical system also enables smooth trajectory generation by exploiting the transient network dynamics when approaching an attractor state. A further strength of the proposed approach is that efficient online learning and execution of the network makes it real-time capable. We demonstrate the network's generalization abilities and evaluate controller properties systematically for arm movements of the humanoid robot iCub.
Handbook of metal-forming processes (1983)

Basic Concepts. Forging. Flow Through Conical Converging Dies. Conventional Extrusion: Direct and Indirect. Recent Developments of Continuous Wiremaking Machines. Impact Extrusion. Hydrostatic Extrusion. Bimetals. Tubing and Tubular Products. Deep-Drawing. Ironing. High-Energy-Rate Forming. Rolling. Spinning. Pressure-Induced Ductility, Reversible Flow, and Metalworking under Pressure. Friction. Soft Tooling. Replacing Brute Force. Index.
Implementing the Directory (1990)

The OSI Directory has recently been jointly standardised as CCITT X.500 Series Recommendations and ISO 9594 (CCI88). A natural application of the Directory is to provide a global service to look up information about people or OSI applications-the majority of examples in the standard are formulated with respect to this sort of service. A number of practical developments which are moving towards provision of an open and distributed directory are discussed. Implementing the Directory is discussed both in terms of implementing components, and integrating them together to implement a service. A prerequisite to any practical investigation or use of the Directory is the availability of implementations of Directory User Agents (DUAs) and Directory System Agents (DSAs). Two implementations of the Directory, and their key features are described. Then, the application of these systems into two directory pilots is described. Finally, some of the problems and implications of this work are considered. >
X-ray induced radiation damage in segmented p+n silicon sensors (2013)

Experiments at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) require silicon pixel sensors which have to meet extraordinary requirements for experiments at the XFEL. This paper shortly describes the requirements and challenges for silicon sensors at the European XFEL and addresses the efforts made by the detector group of Hamburg University for the sensor development. In particular, the main results on the X-ray induced radiation damage are presented.