gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Type I interferon (IFN)-dependent activation of Mnk1 and its role in the generation of growth inhibitory responses (2009)

We provide evidence for the existence of an IFN-regulated cellular pathway involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-integrating kinase (Mnk) 1. Our data demonstrate that type I (alpha, beta) IFNs induce phosphorylation/activation of Mnk1, which, in turn, regulates phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) on Ser-209. Such Mnk activation depends on upstream engagement of Jak1, and requires downstream activation of the Mek/Erk MAPK pathway. In studies using double Mnk1-/-Mnk2-/- knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we found that engagement of Mnk kinases is essential for mRNA translation of the Isg15 and Isg54 genes, suggesting an important role for this pathway in mRNA translation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Importantly, our data demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of Mnk kinases or siRNA-mediated knockdown of Mnk1 and Mnk2 results in partial reversal of the suppressive effects of IFNalpha on normal and leukemic hematopoietic progenitors, establishing a key role for this pathway in the generation of the growth inhibitory effects of type I IFNs. Together, our findings establish that the Mnk/eIF4E kinase pathway is activated in an IFN-inducible manner and plays important roles in mRNA translation for ISGs and generation of IFN-inducible anti-proliferative responses.
A case of transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis E caused by blood from a donor infected with hepatitis E virus via zoonotic food‐borne route (2008)

A transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E case by blood from a donor infected via the zoonotic food-borne route and the progress of HEV markers in the entire course are demonstrated. Further studies are needed to clarify the epidemiology and the transfusion-related risks for HEV even in industrialized countries.
Fast Video Shot Boundary Detection Based on SVD and Pattern Matching (2013)

Video shot boundary detection (SBD) is the first and essential step for content-based video management and structural analysis. Great efforts have been paid to develop SBD algorithms for years. However, the high computational cost in the SBD becomes a block for further applications such as video indexing, browsing, retrieval, and representation. Motivated by the requirement of the real-time interactive applications, a unified fast SBD scheme is proposed in this paper. We adopted a candidate segment selection and singular value decomposition (SVD) to speed up the SBD. Initially, the positions of the shot boundaries and lengths of gradual transitions are predicted using adaptive thresholds and most non-boundary frames are discarded at the same time. Only the candidate segments that may contain the shot boundaries are preserved for further detection. Then, for all frames in each candidate segment, their color histograms in the hue-saturation-value) space are extracted, forming a frame-feature matrix. The SVD is then performed on the frame-feature matrices of all candidate segments to reduce the feature dimension. The refined feature vector of each frame in the candidate segments is obtained as a new metric for boundary detection. Finally, cut and gradual transitions are identified using our pattern matching method based on a new similarity measurement. Experiments on TRECVID 2001 test data and other video materials show that the proposed scheme can achieve a high detection speed and excellent accuracy compared with recent SBD schemes.
Characterization of<i>Agrobacterium vitis</i>Strains Isolated from Feral<i>Vitis riparia</i> (1999)

Agrobacterium vitis was isolated from roots of 41 of 66 feral Vitis riparia vines collected in three different regions of New York State. Two of the regions were more than 150 km from commercial vineyards. The strains were highly diverse as determined by DNA fingerprinting of the chromosomal region lying between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. Of 24 strains examined, 15 different fingerprints were generated, and none was identical to fingerprints generated by previously identified groups of tumorigenic A. vitis strains. Results of physiological tests that were done to characterize strains from V. riparia conformed closely to those expected for A. vitis, except that 23 of 26 strains did not utilize tartrate. All strains were nontumorigenic, did not hybridize with a probe consisting of T-DNA genes, did not utilize octopine or nopaline, and carried zero to three plasmids. Of 26 strains, 7 inhibited A. vitis strain K306 from causing galls at wound sites on grape as well as or better than a previously studied nontumorigenic A. vitis strain, F2/5, that is known to have biological control activity.
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Activation of Aliphatic C−X Bonds in Carbon−Carbon Bond Formation (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition Metal-Catalyzed Activation of Aliphatic C−X Bonds in Carbon−Carbon Bond FormationTien-Yau Luh, Man-kit Leung, and Ken-Tsung WongView Author Information Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 8, 3187–3204Publication Date (Web):July 13, 2000Publication History Received9 December 1999Published online13 July 2000Published inissue 1 August 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr990272ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr990272oresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6428Altmetric-Citations360LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Anions,Catalysts,Chemical reactions,Cross coupling reaction Get e-Alerts
Statistical features of foreshocks in comparison with other earthquake clusters (1995)

When earthquakes occur in a cluster, the probability that they will be foreshocks of a forthcoming significantly larger earthquake appears dependent on the magnitude differences, origin-time spans, and distances between several of the earliest events in a cluster. The earthquake catalogue of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA; 1926-91, MJ 2 4) is decomposed into numbers of clusters in time and space to compare statistical features of foreshocks with those of swarms and main shockaftershock sequences. Since the number of foreshocks in individual earthquake clusters is usually small, two types of data stacking are considered. First, we consider the spatial and temporal distribution of events relative to the location and time of the coming main shock. For the foreshocks, a relative doughnut-shaped pattern which converges in time to the main shock's epicentre is seen, while this pattern is weak for swarms. Next, we consider the temporal, spatial and magnitude distributions of events relative to the time, location and magnitude of earlier events in every sequence. Then, a statistical discrimination of foreshocks from earthquakes of other types of clusters is explored.
Fatty acid binding protein. Isolation from rat liver, characterization, and immunochemical quantification. (1982)

Fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) was identified and isolated from rat liver cytosol by gel filtration, thin layer isoelectric focusing, and affinity chromatography. FABP (Mr 12,080 +/- 80) exists in several immunochemically identical forms differing in isoelectric pH, which may in part reflect differences in their respective complements of bound endogenous ligand. FABP-bound fatty acids accounted for 60% of total cytosolic long chain fatty acids but contained no detectable phospholipid; the substantial enrichment of FABP in 18:2 and 20:4 as compared with whole liver homogenate was not influenced by homogenization of tissue in EDTA. The amino acid composition of FABP suggests that it is closely related or identical with certain similar neutral and acidic cytosolic proteins reported from other laboratories. By quantitative radial immunodiffusion, FABP concentration in cytosol from livers of sexually mature female rats exceeded that from mature males (51.7 +/- 3.0 versus 39.8 +/- 4.0 micrograms/mg of protein, p less than 0.05), confirming earlier studies in which sex steroid effects on rates of fatty acid utilization were correlated with FABP concentration as determined by means of a binding assay. The abundance of FABP, its importance in the cytosolic binding of endogenous as well as exogenous fatty acids, and its demonstrated correlation with rates of hepatocyte fatty acid utilization provide additional evidence for its relationship to the cellular metabolism of long chain fatty acids.
Evaluating Stress-Induced Anisotropy and Mechanical Damage From Cross-Dipole Sonic Data Using Dispersion Analysis (2002)

Abstract Advanced sonic characterization of near-wellbore mechanical damage and formation anisotropy yields important new information for drilling and completion engineering as well as for geophysics. Damage in shales is a precursor to wellbore stability problems. Stress-induced mechanical damage in weak reservoirs indicates zones where selective vertical perforation can reduce the risk of sanding. Identifying stress-induced anisotropy enables orienting perforations consistent with the stress direction to minimize sanding problems and optimize production; and in the case of hydraulic fracturing, to minimize near-wellbore tortuosity. Proper well placement to maximize oil recovery from hydrofracing requires knowledge of the stress directions. Sonic cross-dipole logging with advanced frequency-domain processing provides the unique capability to characterize the mechanical state of the formation around the borehole. Traditional processing is performed in the time domain and identifies whether the formation is isotropic or anisotropic. Recently, we showed that frequency-domain processing of cross-dipole data (i.e., slowness-frequency analysis or dispersion analysis) distinguishes intrinsic from stress-induced anisotropy. The unique identification of stress-induced anisotropy also yields the stress direction. Further processing can lead to estimates of stress magnitudes. These results are obtained even in the absence of breakouts or drilling-induced fracturing, the traditional borehole stress indicators. The near-wellbore region can be significantly perturbed by the drilling process and the associated borehole stress concentrations, resulting in radial variation of the shear slowness. Slowness-frequency analysis of cross-dipole data shows that low frequencies sample at a distance into the formation that is equal to two to three borehole diameters, sensing the unaltered rock. High frequencies penetrate a distance equal to one borehole radius, probing the mechanically damaged zone. Deviation from the homogeneous model at high frequencies indicates damage. Analysis of dipole dispersion curves yields an estimate of the depth of the mechanical damaged zone. Worldwide (Middle East, Africa, Gulf of Mexico, Southeast Asia) field examples in both overburden shales and reservoir rocks (sands and carbonates) highlight the additional information derived from cross-dipole dispersion curves. Dispersion analysis of these data sets enables identification of: 1) stress-induced anisotropy, stress direction, and stress magnitudes; and 2) near-wellbore mechanical damage in both sands and shales. The key to this new understanding is the combination of wide-band acquisition of crossed dipole sonic data, advanced frequency-domain processing techniques, and good knowledge of acoustic wave propagation in boreholes.
Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Cloud Coverage Estimation from Snapshot Camera Images (2017)

We have proposed a deep convolution neural network (CNN) approach for the accurate estimation of the cloud coverage (CC) from images captured by a consumer camera, i.e., snapshot pictures. This CNN can successfully estimate the CC to within the level of the inherent error in the training dataset. A segmentation-based method using a linear support vector machine (SVM) is shown to be unable to distinguish between water surfaces and the sky, while the present CNN can correctly distinguish between them, possibly because the CNN can understand the positioning of components in the images; the sky is over a water surface. The present CNN can also be applied to photo-realistic computer-graphic (CG) images from numerical simulations. Comparisons between the CNN estimates for camera images and for the CG images can provide useful information for data assimilation, and thus contribute to numerical weather forecasting. The CC is a sort of far-field (remote) information. The present CNN has the potential to allow consumer cameras to be used as remote weather sensors.
Congenital Diseases (1968)

Many dermatologieal conditions are transmitted by hereditary factors. They may be generally classified as dominant, recessive or sex-linked. The disease carried by dominant genes are transmitted by the classical scheme described by Mendel. The recessive characteristics are usually latent and are only expressed after a consanguineous union. Sex-linked characteristics are carried in the X gene and are only expressed in males whose sex chromosomes are XY.
An integrated continuous-time bipolar transconductor-capacitor filter (1989)

The design and some results obtained from a low-frequency low-pass transconductor-capacitor filter integrated in a standard bipolar process are discussed. A comparison is made between the results of the transconductor-capacitor filter design approach and of a gyrator filter design approach. The comparison indicates the advantages of the transconductor-capacitor design over a gyrator filter design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of bark thickness estimates on optimal log merchandising (2006)

Bark plays a critical role in the life of a tree when it is standing. Once the tree is felled, however, bark has minimal value and may be a net financial loss to the forest industry. Because of bark's limited worth, logs are often bought and sold based on under bark measurements. Removing bark in the forest is generally very difficult, so over bark measurements are often made and converted to under bark using a bark thickness model. This study investigated the effect of six bark thickness models on the predicted volume and value recovery obtained during the log bucking process. The results indicate that the type of bark thickness model used is of lesser importance than obtaining the correct model coefficients. This study investigated the effect of using a bark thickness model developed for a different species or using data from the same species but a different site. Using the wrong species coefficients for the chosen model can result in 34 percent of the logs being out-of-specification, volume estimates being incorrect, and a loss of value to the forest owner of up to 11 percent. The results show that, for the stands in this study, 2 to 5 percent value gains could be achieved simply by using stand-specific bark thickness coefficients.
Skatylmalonic Ester (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSkatylmalonic EsterGilbert Stork and Gurbakhsh SinghCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 10, 4742–4743Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01154a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01154a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sentinel Lymph Node Detection Using Carbon Nanoparticles in Patients with Early Breast Cancer (2015)

Our study demonstrated feasibility and accuracy of using carbon nanoparticles for SLNs mapping in breast cancer patients. Carbon nanoparticles are useful in SLNs detection in institutions without access to radioisotope.
How much ritonavir is needed to boost protease inhibitors? Systematic review of 17 dose-ranging pharmacokinetic trials (2009)

It may be possible to use three protease inhibitors (saquinavir, amprenavir and darunavir) with lower doses of ritonavir. A 200/150 mg b.i.d. dose of lopinavir/ritonavir could lower costs while maintaining very similar lopinavir plasma levels to the standard dose. New pharmaco enhancer drugs may need to be used at different doses to boost different antiretrovirals.
Post Plasma Etch Residue Removal in Dilute HF Solutions (2011)

Effectiveness of dilute HF solutions in selectively removing fluorine based plasma etch residue films (PER) with respect to copper has been investigated. PER films were generated by CF4/O2 etching of cresol novolak based photoresist films that were spin coated on copper. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies were performed to investigate the PER removal using dilute HF solutions (0.05–0.2 vol. %) and the removal was further confirmed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. PER removal rate of ∼60 Å/min was obtained using 0.2 vol % HF (pH 2.8). Higher selectivity of PER/Cu was achieved under deaerated conditions compared to aerated conditions.
BRCA1 1675delA and 1135insA Account for One Third of Norwegian Familial Breast‐Ovarian Cancer and Are Associated with Later Disease Onset than Less Frequent Mutations (1999)

A total of 845 women from breast-ovarian cancer kindreds were enrolled in a clinical follow-up program for early disease diagnosis; 35 women were prospectively identified with cancer. In order to estimate the role of genetic factors for cancer predisposition in this well-defined set of patients, considered as representative for familial breast-ovarian cancer in the Norwegian population, the BRCA1 gene was investigated for germline mutations. The entire coding region of BRCA1 was analysed using a protein truncation test, direct sequencing and a screen for known large genomic deletions and insertions. Twenty one (60%) of the 35 patients were identified as carriers of 11 distinct BRCA1 mutations. Two previously described founder mutations, 1675delA and 1135insA, were found to account for more than half (11/21) of all BRCA1 cases and for almost one third (11/35) of all breast and ovarian cancers. Supported by a previous population-based analysis of these founder mutations in ovarian cancer, our findings suggest that a significant proportion of women at risk for developing inherited breast and ovarian cancer can be identified. This is particularly obvious in certain geographic regions where these founder mutations are prevalent. Women carrying the two founder mutations had a significantly older age of disease onset as compared to women with other BRCA1 mutations. This observation indicates that BRCA mutation penetrance estimates from populations with strong founder effects may be biased. One reason why some deleterious mutations are allowed to prevail in a population may be coupled to penetrance and the fact that they seldom induce disease in women in child-bearing ages. Eleven out of 12 (92%) breast cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers were estrogen receptor negative, versus 4 out of 9 (44%) in mutation negative patients (p = 0.03). Histopathological characteristics of the prospectively detected cancers indicated an unfavourable prognosis in mutation carriers.
Effective Bayesian inference for stochastic programs (1997)

In this paper, we propose a stochastic version of a general purpose functional programming language as a method of modeling stochastic processes. The language contains random choices, conditional statements, structured values, defined functions, and recursion. By imagining an experiment in which the program is &quot;run&quot; and the random choices made by sampling, we can interpret a program in this language as encoding a probability distribution over a (potentially infinite) set of objects. We provide an exact algorithm for computing conditional probabilities of the form Pr(P (x) j Q(x)) where x is chosen randomly from this distribution. This algorithm terminates precisely when sampling x and computing P (x) and Q(x) terminates in all possible stochastic executions (under lazy evaluation semantics, in which only values needed to compute the output of the program are evaluated) . We demonstrate the applicability of the languageand the efficiency of the inference algorithm by encoding both Bay...
The oxoacyl-coenzyme A thiolases of animal tissues (1973)

1. The activities and relative 3-oxoacyl-CoA substrate specificities of oxoacyl-CoA thiolase were determined in a large number of animal tissues. The relative activities with different 3-oxoacyl-CoA substrates varied widely in different tissues and, in addition, the activity as measured with acetoacetyl-CoA (but not with other longer-carbon-chain acyl-CoA substrates) was activated by K(+). 2. These properties were due to the presence, in different proportions in each tissue, of three classes of thiolase, all of which use acetoacetyl-CoA as substrate but which have different intracellular locations and substrate specificities and which differ also in kinetic and chromatographic behaviour. 3. Cytoplasmic thiolase activity was found to be widely distributed among different tissues and was due to an acetoacetyl-CoA-specific thiolase. This cytoplasmic activity was found to account for a significant proportion of the total tissue activity towards acetoacetyl-CoA in several tissues, and especially in the brain of newborn rats. 4. Mitochondrial thiolase activity towards acetoacetyl-CoA was due to two different classes of enzyme whose relative amounts varied with the tissue type. An oxoacyl-CoA thiolase of general specificity for the acyl-CoA substrate constituted one class, the other being a specific acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase that differed from its cytoplasmic counterpart in being greatly stimulated by K(+). 5. This activation by K(+) made it possible to calculate the tissue contents of mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase and mitochondrial oxoacyl-CoA thiolase from measurements of activity with acetoacetyl-CoA in tissue extracts under defined conditions. 6. The properties and the different thiolases and their tissue distribution is discussed with respect to their possible roles in metabolism.