gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ROOM FOR REMOVAL (1999)

SUBTITLE: SCRAPPING LEVELS ARE STILL NOT KEEPING UP WITH THE CURRENT PACE OF FLEET DEVELOPMENT, AND OVERCAPACITY CONTINUES TO PLAGUE THE INDUSTRY.
A convenient synthesis of alkynylpyrazoles (1997)

Diazomethane add to the enyne sulfones 1, 3, 4, 6–11 regio- and stereo-selectively to give the 4-alkynyl-5-phenylsulfonyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrazoles 12–15 and 17–19, which are converted by MeLi into the 4-alkynyl-1H-pyrazoles 24, 25, 16, 26, 28, 30 in good yields. 4,5-Bis(alkynyl)-1H-pyrazoles 34, 37 are also obtained by the same procedure.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Textile Wastewater using Zeolite (2010)

Heavy metals such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) are widely used for production of colour pigments of textile dyes. Textile dyes pollutants are being released to the environment at various stages of operation therefore it is necessary that the pollutants are treated before discharge using zeolite with and without alum. A study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of treatment using zeolite with and without alum for the removal of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr) in textile effluent. The concentrations of these heavy metals in the textile wastewater samples were reduced to more than 50 percent after treating with zeolite. The sequence in increasing order of removal efficiency of these heavy metals using zeolite was Cd < Pb < Cr < Cu. When the textile wastewater sample was treated using zeolite and 10 mg/L of alum, 80% of the heavy metals (Cd and Cu) were removed. The most effective treatment prior to removal of heavy metals from textile wastewater sample is by using zeolite with the addition of 10 mg/L of alum as flocculants.
Unusual cyclopropane-containing hapalindolinones from a cultured cyanobacterium (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnusual cyclopropane-containing hapalindolinones from a cultured cyanobacteriumRobert E. Schwartz, Charles F. Hirsch, James P. Springer, Douglas J. Pettibone, and Deborah L. ZinkCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 16, 3704–3706Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00392a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00392a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views334Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Analysis of Electric Vehicles as Mobile Energy Storage in commercial buildings: Economic and environmental impacts (2012)

This paper investigates the application of Electric Vehicles (EVs) as Mobile Energy Storage (MES) in commercial buildings. Thus, energy systems of a commercial building including its grid connection, Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), Energy Storage (ES), and demand profile are modeled. Based on the developed models, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem is formulated to optimize the operation of a commercial building microgrid (μθ) minimizing its daily energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Technical and operational constraints of DERs and ESS such as minimum up time and down time, load sharing characteristics of diesel generators, and charging and discharging constraints of ES devices are formulated to appropriately model the operation of a grid connected commercial μΘ. A realistic example with solar Photo-Voltaic (PV), Fuel Cell (FC), Micro-Turbine (MT), Stationary Energy Storage (SES), and MES is used to study effects of integrating EVs as MES on energy costs and GHG emissions of a commercial building. Simulation results that reveals potential economical and environmental impacts of EVs are presented and discussed.
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Effect of Triamcinolone Acetonide on Central Macular Thickness in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema (2004)

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling using CMT constitutes a valid alternative to pharmacokinetic studies. This approach worked excellently in the present study, and the results are consistent with those published for the intraocular pharmacokinetics of triamcinolone acetonide in the human eye. The authors conclude that this type of investigation is of interest, as it avoids intraocular measurements as far as possible.
The potential role of Demodex folliculorum mites and bacteria in the induction of rosacea. (2012)

Rosacea is a common dermatological condition that predominantly affects the\ncentral regions of the face. Rosacea affects up to 3% of the world’s population and\na number of subtypes are recognized. Rosacea can be treated with a variety of\nantibiotics (e.g. tetracycline or metronidazole) yet no role for bacteria or microbes\nin its aetiology has been conclusively established. The density of Demodex mites\nin the skin of rosacea patients is higher than in controls, suggesting a possible\nrole for these mites in the induction of this condition. In addition, Bacillus\noleronius, known to be sensitive to the antibiotics used to treat rosacea, has been\nisolated from a Demodex mite from a patient with papulopustular rosacea and a\npotential role for this bacterium in the induction of rosacea has been proposed.\nStaphylococcus epidermidis has been isolated predominantly from the pustules of\nrosacea patients but not from unaffected skin and may be transported around\nthe face by Demodex mites. These findings raise the possibility that rosacea is\nfundamentally a bacterial disease resulting from the over proliferation of Demodex\nmites living in skin damaged as a result of adverse weathering, age or the\nproduction of sebum with an altered fatty acid content. This review surveys the\nliterature relating to the role of Demodex mites and their associated bacteria in\nthe induction and persistence of rosacea and highlights possible therapeutic\noptions.
Oral toxicities of Clostridium botulinum toxins in response to molecular size (1977)

Clostridium botulinum type A, B, and F toxins of different molecular sizes were fed to mice to compare the oral toxicities. The progenitor toxin, a complex of a toxic and nontoxic component, of any type was higher in oral toxicity to mice than the dissociated toxic component or the derivative toxin. The former may no doubt play a more important role in the pathogenesis of food-borne botulism. The higher oral toxicity possessed by the progenitor toxin, including the exceptionally high one found with type B-L toxin, can be explained solely by the protection afforded by the nontoxic component attached to the toxic component. The possibility of the highest oral toxicity of type B-L toxin to humans is discussed.
Permeability Measurements of Thin Film Using a Flexible Microstrip Line-Type Probe Up To 40 GHz (2017)

A highly sensitive probe based on the skin effect was developed to measure thin film permeability. A new microstrip-line-type probe on a flexible substrate was fabricated and placed in contact with a magnetic thin film. The probe enhanced the signal-to-noise ratio and broadband measurement. The permeability of amorphous CoNbZr film (25 mm × 25 mm, 5 nm thick) and that of CoFeB film (45 mm × 25 mm, 0.5 μm thick) were optimized. The measured values were in rough agreement with theoretical values based on the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation and eddy current generation up to 40 GHz.
A New Simple Synthesis of N-2-Methylguanosine and Its Analogues Via Derivatives of 4-Desmethylwyosine (Nucleosides and Nucleotides. Part 63<sup>1</sup>) (1985)

Abstract Guanosine and 2′-deoxyguanosine have been converted into the corresponding N-2-methyl and N-2-ethyl derivatives in a simple, three-step procedure by N-5-alkylation of N-4-desmethylwyosines (4,5) and subsequent deprotection with N-bromosuccinimide.
The Willgerodt Reaction in the Heterocyclic Series. III. Temperature Studies with Thienyl Ketones (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Willgerodt Reaction in the Heterocyclic Series. III. Temperature Studies with Thienyl KetonesJoseph A. Blanchette and Ellis V. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 4, 1066–1067Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01124a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01124a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Individuals with progranulin haploinsufficiency exhibit features of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (2017)

Heterozygous mutations in the <i>GRN</i> gene lead to progranulin (PGRN) haploinsufficiency and cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a neurodegenerative syndrome of older adults. Homozygous <i>GRN</i> mutations, on the other hand, lead to complete PGRN loss and cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a lysosomal storage disease usually seen in children. Given that the predominant clinical and pathological features of FTD and NCL are distinct, it is controversial whether the disease mechanisms associated with complete and partial PGRN loss are similar or distinct. We show that PGRN haploinsufficiency leads to NCL-like features in humans, some occurring before dementia onset. Noninvasive retinal imaging revealed preclinical retinal lipofuscinosis in heterozygous <i>GRN</i> mutation carriers. Increased lipofuscinosis and intracellular NCL-like storage material also occurred in postmortem cortex of heterozygous <i>GRN</i> mutation carriers. Lymphoblasts from heterozygous <i>GRN</i> mutation carriers accumulated prominent NCL-like storage material, which could be rescued by normalizing PGRN expression. Fibroblasts from heterozygous <i>GRN</i> mutation carriers showed impaired lysosomal protease activity. Our findings indicate that progranulin haploinsufficiency caused accumulation of NCL-like storage material and early retinal abnormalities in humans and implicate lysosomal dysfunction as a central disease process in <i>GRN</i>-associated FTD and <i>GRN</i>-associated NCL.
Picosecond pulse response of a travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier (1987)

The dynamic pulse response of a travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier has been investigated. Peak output powers greater than 100 mW, with a fibre-to-fibre gain of 10 dB, have been observed for narrow pulses (<50ps FWHM) at low repetition rates. The dynamic bandwidth of the amplifier has been shown to be at least 50 GHz.
Magnetic Flow Sorting Using a Model System of Human Lymphocytes and a Colloidal Magnetic Label (1996)

Cells of identical physical properties that differ in the expression of surface proteins can be sorted conveniently using immunospecific stains conjugated to fluorescent, or magnetic, labels. Immunomagnetic cell sorting using commercial batch sorters offers advantages of high sorting capacity, high viability of sorted fractions, and high depletion rates; its disadvantages are low enrichment rate and batch processing. The authors developed and tested a continuous, flow-through magnetic cell sorter for small volume, experimental cell enrichment. Freshly isolated human peripheral lymphocytes were labeled using an immunofluoromagnetic sandwich consisting of mouse anti human CD8 monoclonal antibody-fluorescein conjugate and rat anti mouse polyclonal antibody-colloidal iron-dextran conjugate. A total of 2-3 min lymphocytes were sorted per hour using a saturation magnetic field of 1.334 T and a five channel sorter. The fluorescent cells were distributed among the channels in relation to their fluorescence intensity and magnetic susceptibility. The purity (68-85%) and enrichment rates (16-34x) were comparable to those of commercial batch magnetic separators; sorting capacity and recovery of the enriched fractions (up to 32%) were limited by the small scale of the sorter. Future direction is focused on increasing the resolution, recovery, and sorting capacity of the enriched fractions, and testing the sorter on other cell systems.
Autophagy-regulating protease Atg4: structure, function, regulation and inhibition (2017)

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that contributes to cellular homeostasis through degradation of various targets such as proteins, organelles and microbes. Since autophagy is related to various diseases such as infection, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, it is attracting attention as a new therapeutic target. Autophagy is mediated by dozens of autophagy-related (Atg) proteins, among which Atg4 is the sole protease that regulates autophagy through the processing and deconjugating of Atg8. As the Atg4 activity is essential and highly specific to autophagy, Atg4 is a prospective target for developing autophagy-specific inhibitors. In this review article, we summarize our current knowledge of the structure, function and regulation of Atg4 including efforts to develop Atg4-specific inhibitors.The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, 13 September 2017; doi:10.1038/ja.2017.104.
AIDS-Related Malignancies: Emerging Challenges in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (2005)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are at increased risk of developing cancer, particularly in the later stages of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Despite the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), malignancy in this population is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (ARL) are the most common AIDS-defining malignancies. AIDS-related KS varies from minimal to fulminant disease. Treatment decisions for AIDS-related KS are guided largely by the presence and extent of symptomatic disease. In addition to HAART, excellent treatments exist for both localized disease (topical gel, radiotherapy, and intralesional therapy) and advanced disease (liposomal anthracyclines, paclitaxel). Novel therapies that have become available to treat AIDS-related KS include angiogenesis inhibitors and antiviral agents. ARL comprises a heterogeneous group of malignancies. With the immune restoration afforded by HAART, standard-dose chemotherapies now can be safely administered to treat ARL with curative intent. The role of analogous treatments used in HIV-negative patients, including monoclonal antibodies and autologous stem cell transplantation, requires further clarification in HIV-positive patients. HIV-infected patients also appear to be at increased risk for developing certain non-AIDS-defining cancers, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Although the optimal treatment of these neoplasms is at present uncertain, recent advances in chemotherapy, antiretroviral drugs, and supportive care protocols are allowing for more aggressive management of many of the AIDS-related cancers. This article provides an up-to-date review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of various AIDS-related malignancies that are likely to be encountered by an oncologist practicing in the current HAART era.
New attempt to combine scanning electron microscopy and small-angle scattering in reciprocal space (2019)

An attempt has been made to combine small-angle scattering of X-rays or neutrons with scanning electron microscopy in reciprocal space, in order to establish a structural analysis method covering a wide range of sizes from micro- to macro-scales. A system with a binary contrast, in which scattering objects with a homogeneous density are dispersed in vacuum (or air), is considered. A topological surface image, detected by secondary electron emission, is converted by means of a Fourier transform into a two-dimensional scattering amplitude in reciprocal space. The method was first tested by studying a dilute system of monodisperse SiO 2 particles, with respect to calibrations for brightness inversion, noise reduction and two-dimensional Fourier transform, to obtain a scattering amplitude that agrees well with the analytical amplitude for a spherical particle. Secondly, the microstructure of a carbon-supported Pt catalyst for polymer electrolyte fuel cell applications was examined with the combined method, covering length scales from 10 µm down to nanometres. After two-dimensional Fourier transformation, the secondary electron emission images with low magnification are able to overcome the limitation of the minimum wavenumber ( q min ) detectable by ultra-small-angle scattering.
Pricing and hedging derivative securities in incomplete markets: an e-arbitrage approach (1997)

HD28 .M414 no.3973-97,
Third-Order Elastic Coefficients of Quartz (1966)

All 14 third-order elastic coefficients of quartz have been calculated from the measured transit times for small-amplitude ultrasonic waves as functions of applied stress. Thirty-four different experimental runs were made, ten under hydrostatic pressure, and 24 under uniaxial stress. The data permit calculation of the 14 coefficients with 20 crosschecks. Our recommended values at 25°C, based on a least-squares fit, are as follows, all in 1012 dyn/cm2. CoefficientValueStandard errorC111−2.100.07C112−3.450.06C113+0.120.06C114−1.630.05C123−2.940.05C124−0.150.04C133−3.120.07C134+0.020.04C144−1.340.07C155−2.000.08C222−3.320.08C333−8.150.18C344−1.100.07C444−2.76 0.17.
A connectionist learning with high-order functional networks and its internal representation (2003)

A novel architecture for supervised neural network learning is proposed. The necessary conditions of the network architecture for learning the structures of continuous mappings are obtained. The novel network architecture comprises high-order functional networks with some high-order functional units as input units. High-order functional networks trained with back-propagation can generalize and infer the highly nonlinear structures of the continuous mappings. The internal representation capability of the high-order functional networks is analyzed. Nonlinear mappings can be characterized by the features of their extrema and curvatures. The combination of the high order functional input units and the hidden units makes it possible to realize and learn a proper internal representation of the networks for extracting these features of the continuous mappings. On the basis of these internal representation capabilities, a methodology for determining the network architecture and parameters is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two antenna arrays for remote sensing applications (2017)

This paper presents two array designs as feeds for parabolic reflector antennas for satellite remote sensing applications. The designs are 4×4 in dimensions and fit within the surface area of one side of a CubeSat. Both arrays are dual-frequency and dual-polarization and are designed on different substrates. The frequencies of interest are 14 GHz and 35 GHz, and the polarizations are vertical and horizontal (or 0° and 90°). One array is designed solely on a Roger RO4003C material, while the other is designed on the RO4003C for the antennas layer and on an RT/Duroid 6010 for the feeding network. The designs are multi-layer and different challenges are being met. For integration purpose, the feed layers must be placed on the same substrates, which in turn require the elimination of any overlapping as well as increased spacing between adjacent lines. Symmetry for the feeds is ensured by using corporate feed networks as the array size (4×4) results in acceptable losses. Parametrization of the feed provided the flexibility to adjust element spacing and achieve a fully nested design where the 35 GHz array lies inside the empty space of a 2×2, 14 GHz sub-array. Also, adequate space for the integration of surface mounted amplifiers directly on the feed network layer is provided. The proposed array occupies only 8.7 cm × 7.2 cm and has similar radiation patterns at both frequencies and polarizations with an excellent front-to-back ratio.
Transmission of the Load in the Knee Joint with Special Reference to the Role of the Menisci (1979)

The menisci of the knee joint transmit a considerable fraction of the total load acting on the joint. This paper describes an investigation into the load carrying capacity of the individual meniscus. Interest is also directed to an examination of the function of the degenerate meniscus and that of the meniscus with different kinds of tears. Quantifying the meniscal loads is based on a four-spring model representing the load bearing areas in the knee with intact menisci. The assumptions underlying the model are discussed and the problems of loading associated with the four-spring model are described. These problems called for careful consideration of the methods of loading and aligning the joint. A loading machine with a special aligning device was built for the experimental work. The experimental procedure is described in Part II. The intact individual meniscus was shown to transmit 70-99 per cent of the load acting on the respective side. The load carrying capacity of the meniscus was shown to decrease following the removal of a simulated ‘bucket-handle’ tear but in some cases it remained virtually unaltered. The stresses in the knee with redundant menisci were shown to increase by three to five fold their magnitude in the knee with intact menisci. Following removal of a simulated bucket-handle' tear, the stresses increased, but much less dramatically. The clinical implications of total and partial meniscectomy are discussed.