gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stroke volume measurements by electrical bioimpedance and echocardiography in healthy volunteers (1990)

To evaluate the validity of three equations for estimation of thoracic electrical field size in a new bioimpedance algorithm, stroke volume (SV) as calculated by these equations was compared with that calculated by Doppler echocardiography in 48 healthy volunteers, both lean and obese. When the volume of electrically participating tissue was estimated from body height (modified Sramek) or body height corrected for body habitus (Sramek-Bernstein), there was considerable variation between bioimpedance and Doppler stroke volumes. When the volume of electrically participating tissue was estimated from the actual measurement of the height of the thorax and the circumference at the base of the thorax, the variation in SV differences decreased substantially (Sramek equation), although still considerable for clinical use, and there was no relationship between SV thus obtained and body habitus. Analysis of calculated stroke indices derived by our Doppler echocardiographic standard, as compared with values in the literature, revealed a systematic underestimation. We conclude that the original Sramek equation systematically underestimates SV by 15% to 20%, and the modified Sramek and Sramek-Bernstein equations systematically underestimates SV by 15% to 20%, and the modified Sramek and Sramek-Bernstein equations systematically overestimate SV in females by about 15%, but provide SV values in males in the predicted range. Further studies on the current assumption that the electrical field size is a truncated cone may improve precision of the bioimpedance method.
Synthesis of a Novel Type of Electrochemically Doped Vinyl Polymer Containing Pendant Terthiophene and Its Electrical and Electrochromic Properties (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of a Novel Type of Electrochemically Doped Vinyl Polymer Containing Pendant Terthiophene and Its Electrical and Electrochromic PropertiesKazunari Nawa, Ichiro Imae, Naoki Noma, and Yasuhiko ShirotaCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 3, 723–729Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00107a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00107a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views389Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The emerging role of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (2016)

Modulation of the interaction between the immune system and the tumor microenvironment has long been a target of cancer research, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Approaches explored to date include vaccines (autologous, peptide, dendritic cell, viral and bacterial), cytokine therapy, toll-like receptors (TLRs), autologous cell therapy and checkpoint inhibition. Until recently these approaches have been shown to have only modest efficacy in reducing tumor burden. However, significant breakthroughs have been made, with the use of checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Immunotherapy now represents a possible avenue of curative treatment for those with chemo-otherwise refractory tumors. Success with this approach to immunotherapy has largely been confined to tumors with high mutational burdens such as melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and non-small cell lung cancer. This observation led to the exploration and successful use of checkpoint inhibitors in those with mismatch repair colorectal cancer which have a relatively high mutational burden. Ongoing trials are focused on further exploring the use of checkpoint inhibitors in addition to investigating the various combinations of immunotherapeutic drugs.
Construction of a 3D model of cytochrome P450 2B4 (1997)

A three-dimensional structural model of rabbit phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P450 2B4 (LM2) was constructed by homology modeling techniques previously developed for building and evaluating a 3D model of the cytochrome P450choP isozyme. Four templates with known crystal structures including cytochrome P450cam, terp, BM-3 and eryF were used in multiple sequence alignments and construction of the cytochrome P450 2B4 coordinates. The model was evaluated for its overall quality using available protein analysis programs and found to be satisfactory. The model structure was stable at room temperature during a 140 ps unconstrained full protein molecular dynamics simulation. A putative substrate access channel and binding site were identified. Two different substrates, benzphetamine and androstenedione, that are metabolized by cytochrome P450 2B4 with pronounced product specificity were docked into the putative binding site. Two orientations were found for each substrate that could lead to the observed preferred products. Using a geometric fit method three regions on the surface of the model cytochrome P450 structure were identified as possible sites for interaction with cytochrome b5, a redox partner of P450 2B4. Residues that may interact with the substrates and with cytochrome b5 have been identified and mutagenesis studies are currently in progress.
Preparation of Oriented β-Form Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lactic acid) by Solid-State Coextrusion:  Effect of Extrusion Variables (2003)

A film of melt-crystallized poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) consisting of α-form crystals was uniaxially drawn by solid-state coextrusion at 110−170 °C using split billets of different polymers. The effects of extrusion variables, including the extrusion draw ratio (EDR), temperature (Text), and pressure (Pext), on the crystal transformation from the initial α-form to the oriented β-form crystals were studied. The crystal transformation proceeded rapidly with EDR. It was found that when coextrusion was made at a constant Pext and EDR but at different Text's, there was a Text (130 °C) where the crystal transformation proceeded most efficiently. Furtheremore, when coextrusion was made at a constant Text and EDR but at different Pext's, the transformation proceeded more efficiently at a higher Pext. These results show that crystal transformation proceeds with the EDR most efficiently for the coextrusion at a Text of 130 °C and a higher Pext. As a result of the specific effect for each of the extrusion variables on the crystal transformation and ductility, a highly oriented film consisting of β crystals alone was obtained by coextrusion to the highest EDR of ∼14 achieved at a high Text of 170 °C, near the Tm, and a high Pext of ∼50 MPa.
A balanced programming model for emerging heterogeneous multicore systems (2010)

Computer systems are moving towards a heterogeneous architecture with a combination of one or more CPUs and one or more accelerator processors. Such heterogeneous systems pose a new challenge to the parallel programming community. Languages such as OpenCL and CUDA provide a program environment for such systems. However, they focus on data parallel programming where the majority of computation is carried out by the accelerators. Our view is that, in the future, accelerator processors will be tightly coupled with the CPUs, be available in different system architectures (e.g., integrated and discrete), and systems will be dynamically reconfigurable. In this paper we advocate a balanced programming model where computation is balanced between the CPU and its accelerators. This model supports sharing virtual memory between the CPU and the accelerator processors so the same data structures can be manipulated by both sides. It also supports task-parallel as well as data-parallel programming, fine-grained synchronization, thread scheduling, and load balancing. This model not only leverages the computational capability of CPUs, but also allows dynamic system reconfiguration, and supports different platform configurations. To help demonstrate the practicality of our programming model, we present performance results for a preliminary implementation on a computer system with an Intel® Core™ i7 processor and a discrete Larrabee processor. These results show that the model's most performance-critical part, its shared virtual memory implementation, simplifies programming without hurting performance.
Mechanical Properties of a Reversible, DNA-Crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogel (2004)

Mechanical properties of a polyacrylamide gel with reversible DNA crosslinks are presented. In this system, three DNA strands replace traditional chemical crosslinkers. In contrast to thermoset chemically crosslinked polyacrylamide, the new hydrogel is thermoreversible; crosslink dissociation without the addition of heat is also feasible by introducing a specific removal DNA strand. This hydrogel is characterized by a critical crosslink concentration at which gelation occurs. Below the critical point, a characteristic temperature exists at which a transition in viscosity is observed. Both temperature-dependent viscosity and elastic modulus of the material are functions of crosslink density.
High throughput reliable message dissemination (2004)

We consider applications that require high rate, reliable message dissemination in a many-to-many environment. Examples of such applications include stock market centers and synchronized server clusters. As network capacity increases, the achievable throughput of messaging applications becomes bounded by processing times rather than communication speed. To reduce processing times we suggest the use of message aggregation. We consider performing message aggregation at either the sender, a message-server, or a network switch. The performance of each of these methods in terms of throughput and delay is analytically evaluated and compared against that of a naive implementation that does not perform message aggregation. We show that in typical real-world messaging applications, performing message aggregation can increase throughput by order of magnitude.We base our results on experiments that have been conducted using various operating systems running on different hardware platforms. Our results indicate that the achievable throughput of messaging applications is determined by the number of packets-per-second, rather than bytes-per-second, a receiver or a transmitter should handle.
A New Animal Model for Human Respiratory Tract Disease Due to Adenovirus (1984)

Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were tested as a model for human respiratory tract infection due to adenovirus. After intranasal instillation of 10(6.1) 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50) of adenovirus type 5 into one-month-old cotton rats, groups were killed at intervals for nasal and lung titration of virus and lung histopathology. In lung, eclipse occurred at 8 hr followed by peak viral titer (10(7.5) TCID50/g of lung) on day 5. Titers fell to 10(3.2) TCID50/g by day 10 and persisted at that level through the remainder of the study (day 28) despite appearance of serum neutralizing antibody after day 6. Interstitial pneumonia paralleled viral growth, and peribronchial mononuclear infiltration followed one to two days later. Titers in nasal mucosa peaked on day 3 but were undetectable beyond day 21. Pulmonary histopathology and viral replicative patterns paralleled findings in natural human disease.
Latent Semantic Analysis for Text Segmentation (2001)

This paper describes a method for linear text segmentation that is more accurate or at least as accurate as state-of-the-art methods (Utiyama and Isahara, 2001
Natural Attenuation of BTEX Compounds: Model Development and Field‐Scale Application (1999)

Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene (BTEX) dissolved into ground water and migrated from a light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) source in a sandy aquifer near a petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL) facility at Hill Air Force Base (AFB), Utah. Field observations indicated that microbially mediated BTEX degradation using multiple terminal electron-accepting processes including aerobic respiration, denitrification, Fe(III) reduction, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis has occurred in the aquifer. To study the transport and transformation of dissolved BTEX compounds under natural conditions, a reactive flow and transport model incorporating biochemical multispecies interactions and BTEX was developed. The BTEX, oxygen, nitrate, Fe(II), sulfate, and methane plumes calculated by the model agree reasonably well with field observations. The first-order biodegradation rate constants, estimated based on model calibration are 0.051, 0.031, 0.005, 0.004, and 0.002 day(-1) for aerobic respiration, denitrification, Fe(III), sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis, respectively. The results of a sensitivity analysis show that the saturated aquifer thickness, hydraulic conductivity, and reaction rate constants are the most critical parameters controlling the natural attenuation of BTEX at this site. The hydraulic conductivity and aquifer thickness were found to be the key factors affecting the restoration of oxygen, nitrate, and sulfate after their interaction with the BTEX plume. The multispecies reactive transport modeling effort, describing BTEX degradation mediated by multiple electron-accepting processes, represents one of the few attempts to date to quantify a complete sequence of natural attenuation processes with a detailed field data set. Because the case study is representative of many petroleum-product contaminated sites, the results and insights obtained from this study are of general interest and relevance to other fuel-hydrocarbon natural attenuation sites.
The effect of an aqueous stannous fluoride prophylaxis paste on enamel solubility. (1962)

Abstract : The in vitro effectiveness of an aqueous stannous fluoride (approximately 20%) prophylaxis paste was determined by measuring the amount of P removed from enamel surfaces both before and after treatment with the paste. Treatment reduced enamel solubility by over 90% in all experimental groups, and there was no loss of effectiveness when the paste was aged over an 8-wk period. The substitution of liquid petrolatum, or silicone and petrolatum in combination, for water did not increase effectiveness. (Author)
An Optimization-Based Approach for Grasp Posture Generation of Digital Hand (2008)

Recently, as handheld information appliances, such as mobile phones, PDAs, have widely spread, the development of these appliances should pay more attention in their ergonomic design. However, the user tests for developing the “ergonomic” appliances are usually done by many real subjects testing a variety of these physical mockups, and the process of these tests usually requires the expensive cost and has to take a long time. So, we propose a software system of an automatic ergonomic assessment system for designing handheld information appliances by integrating the digital hand model with the 3D product model of the appliance. Our system has the following four feature functions for ergonomic assessment: 1) Generation of kinematically and geometrically accurate digital hand models with rich dimensional variation, 2) automatic grasp posture generation and evaluation of the posture stability by estimating the force-closure and the grasp quality, 3) automatic evaluation of ease of the finger motion in operating the user interface, 4) aiding the designers to re-design the housing shapes and user-interfaces in the product model. In this paper we propose a new optimization-based method the 2) of the above functions. As the objective function, we use the number of the contact points, the fit of the specific part of the hand surface for the feature edges of the product surface and the margin for the constraints on the joint angle limits of the figures. The experimental studies on the grasp posture generation for the digital camera indicate that more realistic grasp posture could be generated using the proposed optimization-based method than the one using our former method.
Domain-Specific Language Engineering: A Case Study in Agile DSL Development (Mark I) (2007)

The goal of domain-specific languages (DSLs) is to increase the productivity of software engineers by abstracting from low-level boilerplate code. Introduction of DSLs in the software development process requires a smooth workflow for the production of DSLs themselves. This tutorial gives an overview of all aspects of DSL engineering: domain analysis, language design, syntax definition, code generation, deployment, and evolution, discussing research challenges on the way. The concepts are illustrated with DSLs for web applications built using several DSLs for DSL engineering: SDF for syntax definition, Stratego/XT for code generation, and Nix for software deployment. Preprint accepted for publication in 2nd Summer School on Generative and Transformational Techniques in Software Engineering, 2 - 7 July, 2007, Braga, Portugal.
The performance of a severely punctured convolutional code, some high rate distance-two block codes, and a Hamming code with maximum likelihood decoding (1994)

A severely punctured version of the well known rate-1/2, constraint length 7 convolutional code is considered for transmission of short to moderate length messages. Transmissions are assumed to be truncated by use of tail bits. By severely punctured the authors mean that the only redundancy conveyed is contained in the tail. It is shown that the resulting codes are high rate distance-2 codes and for certain message lengths they are cyclic. The figure of merit assumed is the probability of not correctly decoding a message, and, with maximum likelihood decoding, significant coding gains are demonstrated. In one case, a Hamming code results and its performance is determined. The coding gains observed range from 3.8 dB for the Hamming code to 2.4 dB for the longest distance-2 code considered, a (5040, 5034) code.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Mild Procedure for the Preparation of 3-Aryl-4-formylpyrazoles (2004)

A variety of 3-aryl-4-formylpyrazoles can be easily prepared in good yields from the corresponding methyl ketones, upon treatment with 2,4,6-trichloro[1,3,5]triazine in N,N-dimethyl form­amide at room temperature. This kind of pyrazole can constitute new building blocks for combinatorial chemistry.
An efficient implementation of GPU virtualization in high performance clusters (2010)

Current high performance clusters are equipped with high bandwidth/low latency networks, lots of processors and nodes, very fast storage systems, etc. However, due to economical and/or power related constraints, in general it is not feasible to provide an accelerating coprocessor -such as a graphics processor (GPU)- per node. To overcome this, in this paper we present a GPU virtualization middleware, which makes remote CUDA-compatible GPUs available to all the cluster nodes. The software is implemented on top of the sockets application programming interface, ensuring portability over commodity networks, but it can also be easily adapted to high performance networks.
Piecewise approximate circuit simulation (1991)

A simulation methodology for the nonlinear transient analysis of electrical circuits is described. Equations are formulated on the tree/link basis. All branch and node variables are modeling to be piecewise approximate in time. Electronic devices are represented by empirical table models of I-V characteristics. The table models may be built at various levels of precision, and concomitant accuracy levels are reflected in the simulation results. Simulation accuracy may be varied on a branch-by-branch basis or global basis, this permitting the user to distribute computer resources in a meaningful manner. The simulation algorithm is event driven and fully exploits temporal sparsity in the underlying circuit equations. Mechanisms for dealing with steady-state situations and stiff circuits have been investigated. A prototype simulator, SPECS, has been developed and tested on large industrial integrated circuits. It has proven to be a reliable and efficient tool in the analysis of digital and mixed circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anisotropic Molecule Dopant Method for Synthesizing a Zero-Birefringence Polymer (2001)

We have demonstrated the anisotropic molecule dopant method for synthesizing a zero-birefringence polymer that showed no orientational birefringence at any orientation degree of polymer chains. In this method, rod-like molecules such as trans -stilbene having opposite polarizability anisotropy to that of a host polymer were chosen to compensate orientational birefringence. Orientational birefringence of poly(methyl methacrylate) was completely compensated by doping with some types of anisotropic molecules. Compensation of orientational birefringence for drawn films of the zero-birefringence polymers was analyzed by the rotating parallel nicols method, and orientation functions for polymer main chains and the anisotropic molecules were determined by IR dichroism, which showed that both the polymer chains and the anisotropic molecules were oriented almost equivalently in the drawing process resulting in complete compensation at any draw ratio. Furthermore, the high transparency (37.2 dB/km) of the zero-birefringence polymer was confirmed by light scattering measurements.
Magnetic Birefringence and Dichroism in Magnetic Fluid (1989)

The magneto-optical effect in magnetic fluids is investigated. The phase difference θ between the ordinary ray and the extraordinary ray transmitted through the magnetic fluid thin film, was found to be described by the functional form θ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> f(H)/[T-T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> +f(H)], where H is the magnetic field applied to the magnetic fluid film, T is the absolute temperature of the film, f(H) is a certain increasing function of H, and T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and θ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> are positive constants. The field dependence of the optical transmissivity of magnetic fluid thin films is well described by the cluster model of ferrous colloidal particles in the applied field direction when the aggregation is small. The field dependence of transmissivity is, however, explained neither by the electric absorption of the clusters, nor by the Rayleigh scattering when the cluster becomes larger. The effect of diffraction by linear clusters oriented by the applied field must be taken into account in explaining the optical extinction.