gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can the xanthophyll cycle help extract the essence of the microalgal functional response to a variable light environment? (2010)

Abstract\n How do pelagic microalgae cope with light changes in marine ecosystems? Is photosynthesis enhanced or depressed by frequent light fluctuations and how? These long-lasting questions are still under debate. A great diversity of responses has been documented relative to the spatial and temporal scale of study, the groups and species, etc. The answers to these questions probably lie in the interplay between fast photoregulation and longer term photoacclimation which framework (amplitude, kinetics) is defined by environmental genetic adaptation. One of the main photoregulatory processes is the light-dependent operation of the so-called xanthophyll cycle (XC). XC is activated when the incident light becomes excessive with respect to its optimum necessary for maximization of photosynthesis. The present paper aims at (i) describing a short state-of-the-art on the XC functioning in microalgae with an ecophysiological point of view, (ii) discussing the relevance of the in situ XC operation and its response to the underwater light climate, (iii) addressing a series of open questions for filling the gap between XC functional features and field studies with respect to its role in the photophysiology of microalgae and its potential use for characterizing the hydrodynamics of water bodies.
Purification and characterization of an inducible metalloprotease inhibitor from the hemolymph of greater wax moth larvae, <i>Galleria mellonella</i> (1998)

In this paper, we report the detection, purification and characterization of the first metalloprotease inhibitor (IMPI) from invertebrates. IMPI was purified from the hemolymph of last-instar larvae of Galleria mellonella by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and heat followed by affinity chromatography on a thermolysin-Sepharose column and gel filtration or reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. For the detection of inhibitor activity, a new azocoll assay was established. IMPI was only detectable in larvae that had been injected with bacterial or fungal provocators, suggesting that it is induced nonspecifically during the humoral immune response. Injection of larvae with IMPI rendered them resistant to thermolysin, in quantities that normally would be lethal for them. IMPI was shown to be specific for metalloproteases. The molecular mass of IMPI was determined by mass spectrometry to be 8360 Da. Purified IMPI was heterogeneous, owing to different degrees of glycosylation with hexose/hexosamine and deoxyhexose residues. Ten cysteine residues were found in the molecule, and these are presumed to form five disulfide bridges. The amino terminus was blocked, but a partial amino-acid sequence starting from the thermolysin cleavage site was determined; this sequence exhibited no similarity with other known proteins, suggesting that the IMPI represents a new type of protease inhibitor.
Culdoscopy vs. Peritoneoscopy (1968)

From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michael Reese Hospital & Medical Center, The Chicago Medical School, and the Fertility Institute, Chicago, Ill. Submitted for publication June 5, 1967.
Nonuniform Sampling of Audio Signals (1992)

The algorithm is limited to the case where the nonuniformity of the sampling sequence consists of regularly spaced missing or arbitrary samples.
A Plasmid Which Can Be Transferred Between Escherichia coli and Pasteurella haemolytica by Electroporation and Conjugation (1989)

Three broad-host-range plasmids (pRK290, pSa4 and pKT230) and one native Pasteurella haemolytica plasmid (pPH33) were used in transformation experiments with P. haemolytica strains T179 (serotype A1), Y216 (serotype A2) and its capsular-deficient variant Y216/NS1. No transformants were detected with either heat-shock or freeze-thaw techniques. However, by electroporation, all P. haemolytica strains were transformed by pPH33 but not by pRK290 or pSa4. The highest frequency obtained was 91 x 10(4) transformants per microgram of pPH33 DNA with P. haemolytica strain Y216/NS1. Although pPH33 itself was non-transmissible by conjugation, it could be mobilized from Escherichia coli, using the transfer function of the IncP plasmid pRK2013, into P. haemolytica at a frequency of 0.3-2.2 x 10(-3) per recipient cell.
Spatter in laser welding (2011)

Spatter, the ejection of melt from a weld pool, is a major problem whenever it occurs in a welding process. The ejection of droplets from the weld metal results in a weld with underfill, undercuts, craters, blowholes, or blowouts—all of which can have a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the weld. This paper presents a systematic description of the different types of spatter phenomena which occur during laser welding. A categorization system is proposed to facilitate the comparison and combination of research findings on spatter. This should allow researchers in this area to act as a more effective team in future.
Treatment of Vestibular Schwannoma Cells With ErbB Inhibitors (2012)

VS variably express activated ErbB receptors with consistently higher levels of phospho-ErbB3 expression relative to paired vestibular nerve samples. Chemotherapeutic targeting of ErbB3 may be a novel means of inhibiting VS growth.
Development of capacitive sensor for measuring soil water content (2011)

The irrigation management based on the monitoring of the soil water content allows for the minimization of the amount of water applied, making its use more efficient. Taking into account these aspects, in this work, a sensor for measuring the soil water content was developed to allow real time automation of irrigation systems. This way, problems affecting crop yielding such as irregularities in the time to turn on or turn off the pump, and excess or deficit of water can be solved. To develop the sensors were used stainless steel rods, resin, and insulating varnish. The sensors measuring circuit was based on a microcontroller, which gives its output signal in the digital format. The sensors were calibrated using soil of the type “Quartzarenic Neosoil”. A third order polynomial model was fitted to the experimental data between the values of water content corresponding to the field capacity and the wilting point to correlate the soil water content obtained by the oven standard method with those measured by the electronic circuit, with a coefficient of determination of 93.17%, and an accuracy in the measures of ±0.010 kg kg-1. Based on the results, it was concluded that the sensor and its implemented measuring circuit can be used in the automation process of irrigation systems.
Tunable dual-band bandpass filter using piezoelectric transducer (PET) (2017)

A piezoelectric transducer (PET)-controlled tunable dual-band bandpass filter (DBBPF) is introduced. A dielectric perturber is attached to the end of a PET cantilever beam and suspended above the designed DBBPF. By applying a DC bias voltage, the PET actuator vertically lifts up or pulls down the attached dielectric perturber. The height of the dielectric perturber from the DBBPF determines the effective dielectric constant, causing a variation of the filter's center frequency. The proposed DBBPF provides concurrent dual passband tuning operation for multiband wireless systems.
Anatase TiO2 thin films grown on lattice-matched LaAlO3 substrate by laser molecular-beam epitaxy (2001)

Epitaxial anatase thin films were fabricated on lattice-matched (−0.2%) LaAlO3 (001) substrates in the layer-by-layer fashion by laser molecular-beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope show the films to exhibit high crystallinity and atomically defined interfaces. By virtue of the adoption of LaAlO3 substrate, which is transparent to photoexcitation of TiO2, optical band gaps could be determined to be 3.3 eV at room temperature. A photoluminescence band due to recombination of self-trapped excitons was observed at 5 K to give the peak maximum at 2.2 eV. As a result of the high degree of orientation of the epitaxial films, anisotropic optical absorption was clearly observed.
Major surgery in a severe haemophilia A patient with high titre inhibitor: use of the thrombin generation test in the therapeutic decision (2005)

Summary. In haemophilia patients with inhibitor, elective orthopaedic surgery is usually performed under recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa). We report here the case of a severe haemophilia A patient with a high inhibitor who needed a bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Recombinant FVIIa was previously shown to be ineffective for the treatment of muscle and joint bleedings, and he had a history of excessive postoperative bleeding under activated prothrombin complex concentrate (APCC). Thrombin generation test (TGT) was used to assess the efficacy of Factor Eight Inhibitor Bypassing Activity (FEIBA). Insufficient correction of thrombin-generating capacity was observed after administration of 75 U kg(-1) FEIBA. In a multidisciplinary environment, a bilateral total knee arthroplasty was performed using a protocol combining immunoadsorption of inhibitors preoperatively associated with FVIII replacement during a first phase followed by FEIBA when the inhibitor reappeared. To our knowledge this is the first direct application of TGT in the management of haemophilia patients with inhibitor, which indicated that a sequential use of immunoadsorption, FVIII and FEIBA was the most appropriate treatment to perform this major elective surgery. This case demonstrates that this combined protocol can be safely used to cover major surgery in inhibitor patients. In addition, it also suggests that TGT may have a major contribution in the decision-making process of the most adapted therapy for the treatment of such high-risk patients.
A Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Pro-urokinase Which Substantially Reduces Its Intrinsic Activity (1996)

Single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator or pro-urokinase is a zymogen with an intrinsic catalytic activity which is greater than that of most other zymogens. To study the structural basis for this activity, a three-dimensional homology model was calculated using the crystallographic structure of chymotrypsinogen, and the structure-function relationship was studied using site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic analysis. This model revealed a unique Lys300 in pro-urokinase which could form a weak interaction with Asp355, adjacent to the active site Ser356. It was postulated that this lysine, by its epsilon-amino group, may serve to pull Ser356 close to the active position, thereby inducing the higher intrinsic activity of pro-urokinase. This was consistent with the published finding that a homologous lysine (Lys416) in single chain tissue plasminogen activator when mutated to serine induced some reduction in activity. To test this hypothesis, a site-directed mutant with a neutral residue (Lys300-->Ala) was produced and characterized. The Ala300-pro-urokinase had a 40-fold lower amidolytic activity than that of pro-urokinase. It was also stable in plasma at much higher concentrations than pro-urokinase, reflecting much attenuated plasminogen activation. Plasmin activatability was comparable to that of pro-urokinase, but the resultant two-chain derivative (Ala300-urokinase) had a lower enzymatic activity (approximately 33% that of urokinase) due to a reduction of kcat. Interestingly, the KM of two-chain Ala300-urokinase against plasminogen was 5.8-fold lower than that of urokinase, being similar to that of pro-urokinase which has a KM about 5-fold lower than urokinase. In conclusion, the hypothesis that Lys300 is a key structural determinant of the high intrinsic activity of pro-urokinase was confirmed by these studies. This residue also appears to be important for the full expression of the enzymatic activity of urokinase.
Generation of vortex beams from lasers with controlled Hermite- and Ince-Gaussian modes (2008)

We report selective excitations of higher-order Hermite-Gaussian and Ince-Gaussian (IG) modes in a laser-diode-pumped microchip solidstate laser and controlled generation of corresponding higher-order and multiple optical vortex beams of different shapes using an astigmatic mode converter (AMC). Simply changing the pump-beam diameter, shape, and lateral off-axis position of the tight pump beam focus on the laser crystal within a microchip semispherical cavity can produce the desired optical vortex beams in a well controlled manner. Pattern changes featuring different IG and HG modes obtained by rotating the AMC are also demonstrated. Numerical simulation shows that the vortex structure is changed by controlled off-axis laser diode pumping, which could lead toward precise optical manipulation of small particles.
Using Artificial Insemination in Swine Production: Detecting and Synchronizing Estrus and Using Proper Insemination Technique (2009)

When compared to natural mating, AI offers producers a number of advantages. Benefiting from this technology, however, requires a high level of management and a commitment to performing the necessary procedures correctly.
Source coding of stereoscopic television pictures (1992)

For the transmission of 3DTV (4:2:2 or HDTV), two solutions are conceivable. A separate 2D transmission channel could be used for each stereo channel or both stereo channels could be transmitted over one 2D channel. The second solution is definitely preferable, if the implied data reduction of the source signal by a factor of two can be realized without an essential impairment of the quality of the 3D picture. At the IRT, two basically different approaches to the problem of data reduction of 3DTV pictures (4:2:2 standard) were tried. One of the procedures under test was the separate coding of the stereoscopic channels. In the second approach, the disparities between left and right eye pictures were calculated and used to reconstruct the right eye picture at the receiver. In the article both methods are described in detail.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Production: Stimulation by Cholera Toxin (1977)

Large increases in the production of cerebrospinal fluid have been observed after the intraventricular administration of cholera toxin. Because cholera toxin stimulates adenylate cyclase, the data suggest that adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate plays a role in cerebrospinal fluid production.
Effects of Impurity Elements on Isothermal Grain Growth of Electroplated Copper (2018)

The grain growth of electroplated copper films implanted with individual impurity elements were studied with elements implanted separately. Sheet resistance evolution, focus ion beam imaging, and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the grain growth along time at various annealing temperatures. While the incorporation of oxygen, sulfur, and chlorine impedes the grain growth, the oxygen has the weakest impact and chlorine has the strongest. Fully transformed films with coarse grains were obtained at temperatures up to 400 C. The presence of carbon resulted in a nucleation limited grain growth and the full transformation was not achieved until at 700 C. On the other hand, the presence of chlorine enhanced a preference of grain growth in [111] orientation. This study aims to provide a new perspective of improving grain structures of copper with engineered chemical additives.
Optimizations of the Film Deposition Parameters for the Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell (1981)

Optimization of the photovoltaic performance in the plasma deposited a-Si:H heteroface p-i-n junction solar cells has been experimentally studied. A series of systematic experiments on the relation between photovoltaic performances and substrate-positive column distance with several power density have been carried out. As the results, a-Si:H solar cell fabrication technology realizing a conversion efficiency of higher than 5.5% under AM-1 sun light has been developed with a considerably good reproduceablity. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that a conversion efficiency exceeding 6.1% is obtained in designing of an optimized i-layer sandwitched with a wide band gap a-SiC:H front p-layer and a low resistivity n-type back electrode.
New design for a photoelastic modulator (1983)

Modulation of the polarization of light can be achieved by a periodical birefringence. A new photoelastic modulator is described in this paper. In comparison with previously described apparatus, the originality of our mounting consists in the production of longitudinal resonance vibrations caused by shear stresses. These are generated by thin ceramics glued to one side of the material, birefringence modulation being thus achieved. Thanks to the use of ceramics, this modulator is much easier to construct than were the previous ones. The stray birefringence is kept very low in this instrument.
Distinct T-cell clonal expansion in the vicinity of tumor cells in plasmacytoma (2001)

Our results provide evidence for an in situ local T-cell clonal expansion in the vicinity of tumor cells and support the presence of specific T-cell/tumor cell interaction in myeloma.
Modular Asymmetric Synthesis of Pochonin C (2004)

Back to its origins: Pochonin C was synthesized in 11 steps from the four fragments shown in the scheme. This asymmetric synthesis and the conversion of pochonin C into radicicol defines the configuration at the center bearing the chlorine atom as S. Ipc=isopenocampheyl, PG=protecting group.
ChemInform Abstract: Simultaneous Deprotection and Purification of Boc‐Amines on Ionic Resin Capture. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Strong password-based authentication inTLS using the three-party group Diffie-Hellman protocol (2007)

The internet has evolved into a very hostile ecosystem where 'phishing' attacks are common practice. This paper shows that the three-party group Diffie-Hellman key exchange can help protect against these attacks. We have developed password-based ciphersuites for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol that are not only provably secure but also believed to be free from patent and licensing restrictions based on an analysis of relevant patents in the area.
Melatonin‐rich transgenic rice plants exhibit resistance to herbicide‐induced oxidative stress (2012)

To examine whether melatonin-rich plants can defend against oxidative stress, we subjected melatonin-rich transgenic (MRT) rice plants to the singlet-oxygen-generating herbicide butafenacil. Both MRT and transgenic control (TC; expressing the vector only) rice seeds germinated and grew equally well in continuous dark on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.1 μm butafenacil. However, after transferring the seedlings to light, the TCs rapidly necrotized, whereas the MRT seedlings showed resistant phenotypes. Seven-day-old MRT seedlings treated with 0.1 μm butafenacil were resistant to the herbicide and contained high chlorophyll levels and low malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents compared with the TCs. As they did before the herbicide treatment, the MRT plants also produced much more melatonin after the herbicide treatment than the TCs. In addition, the MRT plants exhibited higher superoxide dismutase and catalase activities before and after the herbicide treatment compared with the TCs. This is the first report showing that MRT plants exhibit resistance against a peroxidizing herbicide that acts by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that kill plants. This result indicates that melatonin scavenges ROS efficiently in vivo in the transgenic plants, leading to oxidative stress resistance.
Terminal Differentiation into Plasma Cells Initiates the Replicative Cycle of Epstein-Barr Virus In Vivo (2004)

In this paper we demonstrate that the cells which initiate replication of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the tonsils of healthy carriers are plasma cells (CD38hi, CD10-, CD19+, CD20lo, surface immunoglobulin negative, and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin positive). We further conclude that differentiation into plasma cells, and not the signals that induce differentiation, initiates viral replication. This was confirmed by in vitro studies showing that the promoter for BZLF1, the gene that begins viral replication, becomes active only after memory cells differentiate into plasma cells and is also active in plasma cell lines. This differs from the reactivation of BZLF1 in vitro, which occurs acutely and is associated with apoptosis and not with differentiation. We suggest that differentiation and acute stress represent two distinct pathways of EBV reactivation in vivo. The fraction of cells replicating the virus decreases as the cells progress through the lytic cycle such that only a tiny fraction actually release infectious virus. This may reflect abortive replication or elimination of cells by the cellular immune response. Consistent with the later conclusion, the cells did not down regulate major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, suggesting that this is not an immune evasion tactic used by EBV and that the cells remain vulnerable to cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte attack.
Two-Photon Polymerization of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymers as Scalable Technology Using Ultra-Short Laser Pulses (2010)

Two-Photon Polymerization of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymers as Scalable Technology Using Ultra-Short Laser Pulses
Design of a fiber optic based solar simulator (for solar cell testing) (2002)

A solar simulator which combines three light sources to produce an output beam that can closely match a desired solar spectrum is described. The three selected light sources are suitably filtered, and their output beams are mixed by means of a trifurcated, randomized fiber cable to produce a highly uniform intensity distribution of the output beam. The criteria for selecting sources, filters, and other optical elements required to produce an AM 1.5 spectrum are discussed. The output spectrum is compared with the reference AM 1.5 spectral irradiance, and the results of single and multijunction solar cells tested under this simulator are compared with those from other simulators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on the Association Between Alcohol and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: (1987)

The weight of the evidence suggests a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and HDLc. The relationship showed a linear dose response relationship with HDLc over the range of alcohol consumption from non-drinkers to alcoholics. The effect appears to be reversible since changes in alcohol intake result in changes in HDLc. Preliminary evidence has suggested that in alcoholics, the effect may primarily be on the HDL-2 subfraction, while in the general population, it may primarily raise the HDL-3 subfraction. Limited research has shown a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and apo A-I levels. The exact underlying mechanisms for this relationship is not known. It remains to be determined if alcohol also exerts an effect on Coronary Heart Disease that is independent of its effect on HDLc. It is important to further evaluate these important leads both because it may provide a better understanding of the relationship between HDL, lipoprotein metabolism and coronary artery disease and the role of alcohol in the genesis of heart disease. A public health recommendation to increase alcohol consumption to reduce risk of heart attack is not indicated. Cessation of moderate alcohol consumption, however, should also not be part of the current recommendation to improve lipoprotein profiles.