gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid receptor‐independent actions of the aminoalkylindole WIN 55,212‐2 on trigeminal sensory neurons (2004)

The prototypical aminoalkylindole cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 (WIN-2) has been shown to produce antihyperalgesia through a peripheral mechanism of action. However, it is not known whether WIN-2 exerts this action directly via cannabinoid receptors located on primary afferents or if other, perhaps indirect or noncannabinoid, mechanisms are involved. To address this question, we have examined the specific actions of WIN-2 on trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons in vitro by quantifying its ability to modulate the evoked secretion of the proinflammatory neuropeptide CGRP as well as the inflammatory mediator-induced generation of cAMP. WIN-2 evoked CGRP release from TG neurons in vitro (EC(50)=26 microm) in a concentration- and calcium-dependent manner, which was mimicked by the cannabinoid receptor-inactive enantiomer WIN 55,212-3 (WIN-3). Moreover, WIN-2-evoked CGRP release was attenuated by the nonselective cation channel blocker ruthenium red but not by the vanilloid receptor type 1 (TRPV1) antagonist capsazepine, suggesting that, unlike certain endogenous and synthetic cannabinoids, WIN-2 is not a TRPV1 agonist but rather acts at an as yet unidentified cation channel. The inhibitory effects of WIN-2 on TG neurons were also examined. WIN-2 neither inhibited capsaicin-evoked CGRP release nor did it inhibit forskolin-, isoproteranol- or prostaglandin E(2)-stimulated cAMP accumulation. On the other hand, WIN-2 significantly inhibited (EC(50)=1.7 microm) 50 mm K(+)-evoked CGRP release by approximately 70%. WIN-2 inhibition of 50 mm K(+)-evoked CGRP release was not reversed by antagonists of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor, but was mimicked in magnitude and potency (EC(50)=2.7 microm) by its cannabinoid-inactive enantiomer WIN-3. These findings indicate that WIN-2 exerts both excitatory and inhibitory effects on TG neurons, neither of which appear to be mediated by CB1, CB2 or TRPV1 receptors, but by a novel calcium-dependent mechanism. The ramifications of these results are discussed in relation to our current understanding of cannabinoid/vanilloid interactions with primary sensory neurons.
Turning performance of fish-type microrobot driven by external magnetic field (2005)

A new turning method based on hydrodynamics was applied for a magnetically driven fish-type microrobot. The swimming propulsor of the robot consists of a magnet and a cantilever with a caudal fin, and can be driven by external alternating magnetic fields. In order to realize a fish-like turning, the fin motion was controlled by the waveform of the external magnetic fields. Two waveform patterns of the magnetic fields were designed for the turning by the caudal fin. As a result of the water tank test, the microrobot showed good turning performance under both waveform patterns.
Physico-chemico-thermal assessment of H. sabdariffa-graft-copolymers. (2011)

The reaction parameters for the graft copolymerization of Ethyl acrylate (EA) onto Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) stem fiber were optimized and used to explore the additive effect of secondary monomer on percentage grafting, change in the properties, behavior of the fiber. The graft co-polymers were characterized by advanced techniques and evaluated for the changes. With increase in percentage grafting there was increase in physico-chemico-thermal resistance, hydrophobicity and miscibility in organic solvents but decrease in percentage crystallinity and crystallinity index. However, cellulose form I remained unchanged. These modified graft copolymer procured from renewable waste biomass can have numerous scientific and industrial applications.
MCP-1 Is Induced by Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand, Promotes Human Osteoclast Fusion, and Rescues Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor Suppression of Osteoclast Formation (2005)

Human osteoclast formation from monocyte precursors under the action of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) was suppressed by granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), with down-regulation of critical osteoclast-related nuclear factors. GM-CSF in the presence of RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor resulted in mononuclear cells that were negative for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and negative for bone resorption. CD1a, a dendritic cell marker, was expressed in GM-CSF, RANKL, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor-treated cells and absent in osteoclasts. Microarray showed that the CC chemokine, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), was profoundly repressed by GM-CSF. Addition of MCP-1 reversed GM-CSF suppression of osteoclast formation, recovering the bone resorption phenotype. MCP-1 and chemokine RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) permitted formation of TRAP-positive multinuclear cells in the absence of RANKL. However, these cells were negative for bone resorption. In the presence of RANKL, MCP-1 significantly increased the number of TRAP-positive multinuclear bone-resorbing osteoclasts (p = 0.008). When RANKL signaling through NFATc1 was blocked with cyclosporin A, both MCP-1 and RANTES expression was down-regulated. Furthermore, addition of MCP-1 and RANTES reversed the effects of cyclosporin A and recovered the TRAP-positive multinuclear cell phenotype. Our model suggests that RANKL-induced chemokines are involved in osteoclast differentiation at the stage of multinucleation of osteoclast precursors and provides a rationale for increased osteoclast activity in inflammatory conditions where chemokines are abundant.
Roles for mitotic history in the generation and degeneration of hippocampal neuroarchitecture (1989)

The mechanisms regulating the highly ordered neuroarchitecture of the mammalian brain are largely unknown. The present study took advantage of hippocampal pyramidal-like neurons that arose from a common progenitor cell in cell culture (sister neurons) to ascertain the contribution of intrinsic factors to both the generation and degeneration of neuroarchitecture. Sister neurons were similar in overall cell form and dendritic numbers and lengths. Control non-sister neurons that grew in contact did not generate similar morphologies, indicating that the similarity of sister cells did not result from influences of the local microenvironment or cell interactions. These results suggest that intrinsic factors related to mitotic history play a role in the generation of neuroarchitecture. Since particular groups of hippocampal neurons are sensitive to glutamate neurotoxicity in situ and are vulnerable in neurodegenerative disorders, it was of interest to test glutamate sensitivity in the neuronal population and in mitotic sister neurons. A subpopulation of pyramidal neurons was sensitive to glutamate neurotoxicity. A striking finding was that sister neurons were invariably either both sensitive or both resistant to glutamate, while non-sister neurons often showed different responses to glutamate. Pharmacological studies indicated that glutamate neurotoxicity was mediated by kainate/quisqualate type receptors by a mechanism involving calcium influx through membrane channels. Fura-2 measurements of intracellular calcium revealed that sister neurons had similar rest levels of calcium and, strikingly, glutamate caused a dramatic increase in intracellular calcium levels only in neurons which subsequently degenerated. Apparently, intrinsic differences in sensitivity to glutamate lie at a point prior to calcium entry, probably at the level of glutamate receptors. Taken together, these results indicate that the mitotic history of a neuron can determine its presence and potential for connectivity as well as its susceptibility to neurodegeneration.
Molecular cloning and expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc α2,3‐sialyltransferase from human fetal liver (1999)

Based on the sequences of the highly conserved segments in the previously cloned sialyltransferases, a cDNA encoding Galbeta1, 3GalNAc alpha2,3-sialyltransferase (SIATFL) has been isolated from human fetal liver. Expression analysis of the gene has been performed with various carcinoma cell lines, fetal tissues, fetal and adult liver and both hepatoma and the surrounding tissue from the same liver. The SIATFL gene was expressed poorly in fetal liver and in adult liver, slightly in hepatoma and highly in the surrounding tissue of hepatoma. The cDNA encoding the putative active domain was expressed in COS-1, Escherichia coli, and Pichia pastoris. The recombinant protein expressed in COS-1 could catalyse the transfer of NeuAc from CMP-NeuAc to asialo-fetuin. No enzyme activity was detected with a 32-kDa protein in E. coli and both 32-kDa and 41-kDa proteins in P. pastoris. These results suggested that correct glycosylation of the enzyme might play a key role in its folding that may be directly related to the enzymatic activity.
Deep jam: conversion of coarse-grain parallelism to instruction-level and vector parallelism for irregular applications (2005)

A number of compute-intensive applications suffer from performance loss due to the lack of instruction-level parallelism in sequences of dependent instructions. This is particularly accurate on wide-issue architectures with large register banks, when the memory hierarchy (locality and bandwidth) is not the dominant bottleneck. We consider two real applications from computational biology and from cryptanalysis, characterized by long sequences of dependent instructions, irregular control-flow and intricate scalar and array dependence patterns. Although these applications exhibit excellent memory locality and branch-prediction behavior, state-of-the-art loop transformations and back-end optimizations are unable to exploit much instruction-level parallelism. We show that good speedups can be achieved through deep jam, a new transformation of the program control- and data-flow. Deep jam combines scalar and array renaming with a generalized form of recursive unroll-and-jam; it brings together independent instructions across irregular control structures, removing memory-based dependences. This optimization contributes to the extraction of fine-grain parallelism in irregular applications. We propose a feedback-directed deep jam algorithm, selecting a jamming strategy, function of the architecture and application characteristics.
Optimal Design of CAPAMAN (Cassino Parallel Manipulator) with Prescribed Workspace (2001)

CaPaMan (Cassino Parallel Manipulator) is a 3-Degree Of Freedom spatial parallel manipulator that has been designed at the Laboratory of Robotics and Mechatronics, in Cassino. In this paper we present a formulation for an optimum design for CaPaMan architecture when the workspace is suitably prescribed.
Synthesis of Disilanyl Double-Pillared Bisdibenzofuran with a High Triplet Energy (2012)

A double-pillaring strategy for the synthesis of silacyclophanes has been applied to dibenzofuran to create a new cyclophane molecule that links two dibenzofuran molecules through σ(SiSi)-π conjugation. The performance of disilanyl double-pillared dibenzofuran [(Si)DPBD(O)] in green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices was evaluated as both a carrier-transport material and a host material for an Ir-based phosphorescent emitter.
Multiparameter Flow Cytometry of Fluorescent Protein Reporters (2004)

Reporters based on the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and GFP-like proteins from other marine organisms provide valuable tools to monitor gene transfer and expression noninvasively in living cells. Stable cell lines were generated from the Sp2/0-Ag14 hybridoma that express up to three spectral enhanced versions of GFP, the enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP), the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), and the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP), and/or a variant of the Discosoma coral red fluorescent protein (DsRed). The panel of lines was used to demonstrate a flow cytometric procedure for simultaneous analysis of all four fluorescent proteins that utilizes dual-laser excitation at 488 nm and 407 nm. Additional schemes for simultaneous detection of two, three or four of these fluorescent proteins are also presented.
Linking working memory and long‐term memory: a computational model of the learning of new words (2007)

The nonword repetition (NWR) test has been shown to be a good predictor of children's vocabulary size. NWR performance has been explained using phonological working memory, which is seen as a critical component in the learning of new words. However, no detailed specification of the link between phonological working memory and long-term memory (LTM) has been proposed. In this paper, we present a computational model of children's vocabulary acquisition (EPAM-VOC) that specifies how phonological working memory and LTM interact. The model learns phoneme sequences, which are stored in LTM and mediate how much information can be held in working memory. The model's behaviour is compared with that of children in a new study of NWR, conducted in order to ensure the same nonword stimuli and methodology across ages. EPAM-VOC shows a pattern of results similar to that of children: performance is better for shorter nonwords and for wordlike nonwords, and performance improves with age. EPAM-VOC also simulates the superior performance for single consonant nonwords over clustered consonant nonwords found in previous NWR studies. EPAM-VOC provides a simple and elegant computational account of some of the key processes involved in the learning of new words: it specifies how phonological working memory and LTM interact; makes testable predictions; and suggests that developmental changes in NWR performance may reflect differences in the amount of information that has been encoded in LTM rather than developmental changes in working memory capacity.
A Stochastic Model of Supermarket Traffic Flow (1966)

A model is developed to predict area-to-area transition probabilities for traffic in supermarkets. The independent variables involve physical measures of store layout and transaction volumes at various locations. The model is fitted to data on traffic patterns in five Pittsburgh stores. The results indicate that the model is useful for traffic analysis both in a given store and for analysis of hypothetical store layouts.
3-Epi-Deoxynegamycin and leucyl-3-epi-deoxynegamycin produced by Streptomyces. (1977)

Two hydrazide antibiotics related to nega-mycin1`3) have been isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces No. MD967-A2, a strain of S. goshikiensis4). The antibiotic (1) was assayed by the cylinder plate method using both Bacillus subtilis PCI219 and Pseudomonas fluorescens as test organisms and was identified to be 3-epi-deoxynegamycin5'6) which had been synthesized in our studies on negamycin analogs. Another antibiotic (II) which weakly inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens was a leucyl derivative of 3-epi-deoxynegamycin. In this communication, we report the isolation, properties and structural elucidation of 3-epideoxynegamycin and leucyl-3-epi-deoxynegamycin. The antibiotics were produced in a reciprocal shaken culture of strain No. MD967-A2 at
An efficient self-test strategy for testing VLSI chips (2003)

The author describe a strategy for built-in self-test in conjunction with the boundary-scan technique applicable to VLSI chips. The method allows self-test features implemented at chip level to be transported into the field. As a result, the test effort for higher-level packages can be reduced. The test strategy is incorporated in an IBM/370 processor chip set. The hardware overhead (in circuits) needed for self-test is about 1.5% more than that for a normal level-sensitive scan-design implementation. Although most of this additional circuitry is provided as macros to logic designers, some extra design effort is needed for designing self-testable VLSI-components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Position Auctions with Consumer Search (2011)

This paper examines a model in which advertisers bid for "sponsored-link'' positions on a search engine. The value advertisers derive from each position is endogenized as coming from sales to a population of consumers who make rational inferences about firm qualities and search optimally. Consumer search strategies, equilibrium bidding, and the welfare benefits of position auctions are analyzed. Implications for reserve prices and a number of other auction design questions are discussed.
Coke Formation in the Thermal Cracking of Hydrocarbons. 4. Modeling of Coke Formation in Naphtha Cracking (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoke Formation in the Thermal Cracking of Hydrocarbons. 4. Modeling of Coke Formation in Naphtha CrackingGeert C. Reyniers, Gilbert F. Froment, Frank-Dieter Kopinke, and Gerhard ZimmermannCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 11, 2584–2590Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00035a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00035a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2055Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimizing Planning and Delivery of High-Precision Robotic Radiotherapy and Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy (2015)

markdownabstract__Abstract__

High-precision robotic radiotherapy and intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) are two relatively new radiotherapy techniques that particularly aim at a highly localized delivery of a curative dose to the tumor, while achieving excellent sparing of the surrounding healthy tissues and critical organs. However, the use of hundreds (in high-precision robotic radiotherapy) or thousands (in IMPT) of small radiation beams to achieve a highly localized dose delivery is also associated with a number of issues regarding the efficiency and accuracy of treatment planning and delivery. These issues currently obstruct a more widespread use of high-precision robotic radiotherapy and IMPT. In this thesis, we have aimed at improving treatment planning and treatment delivery for both treatment modalities in order to overcome these obstacles. We have developed and evaluated several methods to reduce the treatment delivery time and the treatment planning time. This resulted in average delivery time reductions of 16%–38% and optimization times to be shortened by a factor of 2.8–5.6 on average. Next to that, we have investigated for both treatment modalities the sensitivity to treatment uncertainties and the effectiveness of techniques to reduce treatment errors or their impact on the delivered dose. This allowed us to establish favorable treatment strategies to achieve adequate dose delivery in the presence of intrafraction tumor motion and uncertainties in patient position, patient anatomy and proton range (for IMPT). These efforts will contribute to a more efficient, effective and safe delivery of a highly localized dose to the tumor using the CyberKnife and IMPT.
Some Patterns of Sulfur Isotope Distribution in Uranium Deposits1 (1970)

Abstract Distribution patterns have been discerned within the wide spread of isotopic composition of sulfur characteristic of sandstone-type uranium deposits. Most distinctive are spatial patterns related to ore rolls. For four rolls from three Wyoming districts, the average oS34 for sulfides from the barren interior is −20.4‰; from ore −10.8‰; and from protore, −1.6‰. Delta S34 characteristically increases sharply from barren interior to ore, at or near the natural contact or solution front. The increase is gradual across the arbitrary boundary between ore and protore. It is concluded that (probably biological) reduction of sulfur (with consequent fractionation) is an important part of the ore-forming process. Iron sulfides from remote barren ground show nearly as great a spread but no recognized patterns. The enrichment in S32 reported by others for sulfides associated with woody or coaly material is confirmed. However, lightest sulfur (δS34=-53.11‰) of more than 350 samples is in marcasite closely associated with petroleum along a fault in a uranium deposit in Texas. In the Wyoming and Colorado samples studied, S in sulfides from Se-rich zones is relatively light and that associated with Mo, including S in jordisite and ilsemannite, is heavier, contrary to the findings of previous workers. Relatively heavy sulfur (average δS34=-5.0‰) in sulfides from the Sunset pit, western ore trend, Gas Hills, Wyoming, suggests a broad areal pattern for which tentative explanations are offered.
Investigation of the convolution method for polyenergetic spectra (1993)

The distribution of absolute dose per unit fluence from polyenergetic photon beams impinging upon a water phantom was calculated using two convolution approaches that properly account for beam hardening effects. Dose deposition kernels calculated previously using the EGS4 Monte Carlo code are convolved with the primary terma to give the dose for monoenergetic photon beams of energies ranging from 100 kev to 50 MeV. A polyenergetic dose distribution is composed of separately calculated monoenergetic components, which are appropriately weighted with the fluence spectrum to yield the polyenergetic dose distribution. Alternatively, a single convolution for the polyenergetic beam is considered, where a composite polyenergetic kernel is convolved with the respective polyenergetic terma. The effects of the polyenergetic kernel variance due to beam hardening as well as the effect of tilting the kernels for a diverging beam geometry were also examined. The depth dose data produced using the two proposed methods were compared with measured data and Monte Carlo simulations and showed good agreement.
Knee Surgery: Current Practice (1992)

Investigations arthroscopy and meniscal surgery meniscal disorders and transplants biomechanics of ligamentous injuries of the knee acute ACL rupture chronic ACL deficiency PCL injuries patellofemoral joint disorders chondral and osteochondral lesions synovial disorders children's knee derangements the discoid meniscus fractures around the knee osteoarthritis conservative surgery osteotomy in osteoarthritis unicompartmental replacement arthroplasty revision arthroplasty of the knee medical management of the rheumatoid knee evaluation and documentation for disorders of the knee.