gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Post-translational modifications of the extracellular matrix are key events in cancer progression: Opportunities for biochemical marker development (2011)

The aim of this review is to discuss the potential usefulness of a novel class of biochemical markers, designated neoepitopes. Neoepitopes are post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins and are derived by processes, such as protease cleavage, citrullination, nitrosylation, glycosylation and isomerization. Each PTM results from a specific local physiological or pathobiological process. Identification of each modification to a tissue-specific protein may reveal a unique disease-specific biochemical marker. During cancer metastasis, the host tissue is extensively degraded and replaced by cancer-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Furthermore, severe cellular stress and inflammation, caused by cancer, results in generation of PTMs, which will be distributed throughout the ECM. This gives rise to release of protein-specific fragments to the circulation. Here we highlight the importance of remodeling of the ECM in cancer and the generation of PTMs, which may be cancer specific and reflect disease progression; thus having potential for biochemical marker development.
The antimicrobial properties of copper surfaces against a range of important nosocomial pathogens (2009)

Hospital acquired infections (HAI) are a major problem worldwide and controlling the spread of these infections within a hospital is a constant challenge. Recent studies have highlighted the antimicrobial properties of copper and its alloys against a range of different bacteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of copper compared to stainless steel against a range of clinically important pathogens. These pathogens consisted of five isolates of each of the following organisms; meticillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA),Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin positive community acquired-MSSA (PVL positive CA-MSSA). MRSA,P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and CA-MSSA isolates were not detectable after a median time of 60 minutes. No detectable levels for all VRE isolates were determined after a median time of 40 minutes. However, for all isolates tested the stainless steel had no effect on the survival of the bacteria and levels remained similar to the time zero count. The results of this study demonstrate that copper has a strong antimicrobial effect against a range of clinically important pathogens compared to stainless steel and potentially could be employed to aid the control HAI.
Demonstration of a widely distributed atrial pacemaker complex in the human heart. (1988)

Atrial depolarization was analyzed in 14 patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome undergoing surgery to ablate accessory atrioventricular pathways associated with tachyarrhythmias. Bipolar potentials were recorded simultaneously from 156 atrial epicardial electrodes arranged in three templates to fit the anterior and posterior aspects of both atria. Spontaneous or sinus rhythms were recorded, as were atrial escape rhythms after overdrive pacing at rates of 150 and 200 beats/min. Atrial activation maps revealed different patterns of impulse initiation varying from typical unifocal sinus node impulse origin, unifocal extranodal impulse origin, and multicentric impulse origin from two to four widely distributed atrial pacemaker sites. In subjects demonstrating only unifocal impulse origin during control or sinus rhythm, other widely divergent pacemaker sites were recorded in other maps during subsequent rhythms. In addition to sites located at the upper superior vena cava-right atrium junction, pacemakers also dominated at sites anterior and inferior to the sinus node region during both control and escape depolarizations. Most of the subjects were found to have two or more pacemaker sites when maps of all control and postpacing conditions were analyzed. The right atrial pacemaker region encompassed a zone of 7.5 X 1.5 cm centered about the long axis of the sulcus terminalis posteriorly and the precaval band anteriorly. An unexpected finding was the participation of left atrial escape pacemakers. The functional behavior of both the control and escape pacemakers, as assessed by sinus node recovery time, was normal, indicating physiologic operation of the extranodal sites as part of an overall system of distributed pacemakers involved in the control of rate. Although functional assessment was limited in these initial patient studies, correspondence with similar observations in extensive previous canine studies supports the concept of a widely distributed atrial pacemaker complex in man.
Inheritance of the resistance to tropical rust caused by Physopella zeae in maize. (2000)

Four inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) were selected from a previous evaluation for resistance to tropical rust caused by Physopella zeae. Lines L426 and L82 were selected as resistant and the lines L47 and L37 as susceptible ones. Lines were crossed in a diallel scheme and six sets were obtained. Each set comprised the two parents (P 1 and P 2 ) and derived generations, F 1 , F 2 and backcrosses (B 1 and B 2 ) to both parents, and two hybrid checks, AG 951 (resistant) and P 3210 (susceptible). The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks, in a split-plot arrangement with three replications. The sets were allocated in the whole plots and generations within sets (including checks) in the subplots. The severity of the disease was evaluated by a discrete scale of I to 9, representing the percentage of the whole-infected area of the plant. Generation mean analysis indicated that additive effects are the most important and significant source of variation in contrasting crosses The dominance effects were less expressive and significant in only one instance in this study; they tended to he positive (dominance for susceptibility) in contrasting crosses. Deviations from the model were significant (P<0.05) in only one instance. General results lead to conclude that crosses between contrasting lines tend to be nearly intermediate between parents, but dominance deviation also may occur.
A Model for Schema Versioning in Temporal Database Systems (1996)

The aim of temporal data models is to accommodate the nature of time naturally and directly and to avoid the ad hoc, one-off extensions commonly employed in information systems design. Schema versioning is one of a number of related areas dealing with the general problem of using multiple schemata for various database related tasks. In particular, schema versioning, and its weaker companion, schema evolution, deal with the need to retain current data and software system functionality in the face of changing database structure. This paper brings temporal and evolutionary models together and proposes an extension to temporal data models capable of accommodating partial schema versioning. Keywords Schema Evolution, Partial Schema Versioning, Temporal Data Modelling. 1. Introduction In recent years there has been a lot of work investigating the accommodation of change in data models. Change in data results from the dynamic character of the real world and has resulted in research into dyn...
Field and Laboratory Investigations of Inactivation of Viruses (PRD1 and MS2) Attached to Iron Oxide-Coated Quartz Sand (2002)

Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate inactivation of viruses attached to mineral surfaces. In a natural gradient transport field experiment, bacteriophage PRD1, radiolabeled with 32P, was injected into a ferric oxyhydroxide-coated sand aquifer with bromide and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates. In a zone of the aquifer contaminated by secondary sewage infiltration, small fractions of infective and 32P-labeled PRD1 broke through with the bromide tracer, followed by the slow release of 84% of the 32P activity and only 0.011% of the infective PRD1. In the laboratory experiments, the inactivation of PRD1, labeled with 35S (protein capsid), and MS2, dual radiolabeled with 35S (protein capsid) and 32P (nucleic acid), was monitored in the presence of groundwater and sediment from the contaminated zone of the field site. Release of infective viruses decreased at a much faster rate than release of the radiolabels, indicating that attached viruses were undergoing surface inactivation. Disparities between 32P and35S release suggest that the inactivated viruses were released in a disintegrated state. Comparison of estimated solution and surface inactivation rates indicates solution inactivation is ∼3 times as fast as surface inactivation. The actual rate of surface inactivation may be substantially underestimated owing to slow release of inactivated viruses.
Crystal structures of L201A mutant of D-amino acid aminotransferase at 2.0 A resolution: implication of the structural role of Leu201 in transamination (1998)

The leucine-to-alanine mutation at residue 201 of D-amino acid aminotransferase provides a unique enzyme which gradually loses its activity while catalyzing the normal transamination; the co-enzyme form is converted from pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate upon the inactivation [Kishimoto,K., Yoshimura,T., Esaki,N., Sugio,S., Manning,J.M. and Soda,K. (1995) J. Biochem., 117, 691-696]. Crystal structures of both co-enzyme forms of the mutant enzyme have been determined at 2.0 A resolution: they are virtually identical, and are quite similar to that of the wild-type enzyme. Significant differences in both forms of the mutant are localized only on the bound co-enzyme, the side chains of Lys145 and Tyr31, and a water molecule sitting on the putative substrate binding site. Detailed comparisons of the structures of the mutant, together with that of the pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate form of the wild-type enzyme, imply that Leu201 would play a crucial role in the transamination reaction by keeping the pyridoxyl ring in the proper location without disturbing its oscillating motion, although the residue seems to not be especially important for the structural integrity of the enzyme.
The <i>α</i>/<i>β</i> hydrolase fold (1992)

We have identified a new protein fold--the alpha/beta hydrolase fold--that is common to several hydrolytic enzymes of widely differing phylogenetic origin and catalytic function. The core of each enzyme is similar: an alpha/beta sheet, not barrel, of eight beta-sheets connected by alpha-helices. These enzymes have diverged from a common ancestor so as to preserve the arrangement of the catalytic residues, not the binding site. They all have a catalytic triad, the elements of which are borne on loops which are the best-conserved structural features in the fold. Only the histidine in the nucleophile-histidine-acid catalytic triad is completely conserved, with the nucleophile and acid loops accommodating more than one type of amino acid. The unique topological and sequence arrangement of the triad residues produces a catalytic triad which is, in a sense, a mirror-image of the serine protease catalytic triad. There are now four groups of enzymes which contain catalytic triads and which are related by convergent evolution towards a stable, useful active site: the eukaryotic serine proteases, the cysteine proteases, subtilisins and the alpha/beta hydrolase fold enzymes.
Study on <i>in vitro</i> release patterns of fentanyl-loaded PLGA microspheres (2003)

AbstractIn order to study the development of the delivery device of long-acting local anaesthetics for post-operative analgesia and control of chronic pain of cancer patient, fentanyl loaded poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA, molecular weight; 5000, 8000, 20000, and 33 000 g/mole) microspheres (FMS) were studied. FMS were prepared by an emulsion solvent-evaporation method. The influence of several preparation parameters such as initial drug loading, PLGA concentrations, emulsifier concentrations, oil phase volume and mole ratio and molecular weight has been investigated on the fentanyl release patterns. Generally, the drug showed the biphasic release patterns, with an initial diffusion followed by a lag period before the onset of the degradation phase, but there were no lag times in the device. Fentanyl was slowly released from FMS over 10 days in vitro, with a quasi-zero order property. The release rate increased with increasing drug loading as well as increasing polymer concentration with a relatively small initial burst effect. From the results, FMS may be a good formulation to deliver the anaesthesia for the treatment of chronic pain.Key Words: Fentanylpoly(l-lactide-co-glycolide)microspheressolvent-evaporation method
777. The low-temperature polymerisation of isobutene. Part IV. Exploratory experiments (1960)

R. H. Biddulph and P. H. Plesch, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 3913 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600003913
Effects of static magnetic field on some pathogenic microorganisms. (1992)

A high power superconductive magnetostatic system MAGNEX was used by the authors for two microbial strains Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus, the magnetic induction values were 0.5-4 T and the exposure time was 30-120 minutes. In this paper morphological traits, standard biochemical tests, sensitivity and effects influence of some chosen sorts of antibiotics are considered and evaluated here. All the above given criteria and facts were analysed and the authors have come to the conclusion that magnetic DC field has no significant influence on the growth, the biochemical activity as well as on the antibiotics effects on the strains examined.
ChemInform Abstract: ADRENERGIC SULFONANILIDES. 4. CENTRALLY ACTIVE β‐ADRENERGIC AGONISTS (1976)

Abstract Aus den Phenylketonen (I) entstehen die Bromverbindungen (II), die mit den sekundären Benzylaminen (III) zu (IV) in guten Ausbeuten substituiert werden.
Perceptual consequences of feature-based attentional enhancement and suppression (2012)

Feature-based attention has been shown to enhance the responses of neurons tuned to an attended feature while simultaneously suppressing responses of neurons tuned to unattended features. However, the influence of these suppressive neuronal-level modulations on perception is not well understood. Here, we investigated the perceptual consequences of feature-based attention by having subjects judge which of four random dot patterns (RDPs) contained a motion signal (Experiment 1) or which of four RDPs contained the most salient nonrandom motion signal (Experiment 2). Subjects viewed pre-cues which validly, invalidly, or neutrally cued the direction of the target RDP. Behavioral data were fit using the linear ballistic accumulator (LBA) model; the model design that best described the data revealed that the rate of sensory evidence accumulation (drift rate) was highest on valid trials and systematically decreased until the cued direction and the target direction were orthogonal. These results demonstrate behavioral correlates of both feature-based attentional enhancement and suppression.
Search and retrieval of multimedia objects over a distributed P2P network for mobile devices (2009)

Search for and delivery of multimedia content will be of great importance in the years to come. Common data formats and appropriate architectures that will pave the way toward this challenging task must be defined. In this article a framework enabling mobile device users to search for and retrieve multimedia objects over a distributed P2P-based network is presented. The framework was an outcome of the research that took place within the VICTORY European project. The proposed concept is to develop a P2P-based application that, having as a basis the state of the art in the field of 3D search algorithms, would be able to deliver search and retrieval functionalities to users on the move through mobile devices. Following a service-oriented approach, a framework able to deliver these functionalities to mobile user agents in a device- and application-independent way has been implemented.
The Influence of Cross-Linking on Protein−Protein Interactions in a Marine Adhesive:  The Case of Two Byssus Plaque Proteins from the Blue Mussel (2002)

The interaction between two proteins, Mefp-1 and Mefp-2, from the byssal plaque of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, was investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) technique. The challenge in using a surface-sensitive technique to investigate the interaction between two strongly adhesive proteins was met by coupling a biotinylated version of one of the proteins (b-Mefp-1) to an inert two-dimensional arrangement of streptavidin (SA) formed on top of a biotin-doped supported phospholipid bilayer. The interaction between Mefp-1 and Mefp-2 was further investigated by addition of Mefp-2 to SA-coupled b-Mefp-1, where the latter was either in the native state or cross-linked using sodium periodate (NaIO(4)), Cu(2+), or mushroom tyrosinase. With this coupling strategy it is shown that a requirement for attraction between the two proteins is that tyrosinase is used as the cross-linking agent of b-Mefp-1. By inhibiting the enzymatic activity of tyrosinase it is also shown that enzymatic activity is required for both efficient binding of tyrosinase to SA-coupled b-Mefp-1 as well as for the subsequent binding of Mefp-2. In contrast, spontaneous adsorption of Mefp-1 to a methyl-terminated (thiolated) gold surface followed by addition of Mefp-2 results in binding of Mefp-2 for all cross-linking agents. This suggests that cross-linking of Mefp-1 adsorbed on a solid surface induces structural changes in the adsorbed protein layer, resulting in exposure of free surface patches on which Mefp-2 binds.
Group Leader Preparation (1975)

This article describes a 10‐week workshop for experienced counselors who are interested in learning to do group counseling. It describes the treatment process, the selection of enrollees, the laboratory experiences provided for both personal and professional development, and the supervision provided. Follow‐up evaluation of the workshop with participants revealed that they achieved most of their personal and professional goals. The author believes that three primary elements contributed to the success of the workshop: (a) carefully selected, committed, competent students, (b) committed, competent staff, and (c) the allocation of adequate staff time to provide quality supervision.
Molecular characterization of the endoplasmic reticulum: Insights from proteomic studies (2010)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional intracellular organelle responsible for the synthesis, processing and trafficking of a wide variety of proteins essential for cell growth and survival. Therefore, comprehensive characterization of the ER proteome is of great importance to the understanding of its functions and has been actively pursued in the past decade by scientists in the proteomics field. This review summarizes major proteomic studies published in the past decade that focused on the ER proteome. We evaluate the data sets obtained from two different organs, liver and pancreas each of which contains a primary cell type (hepatocyte and acinar cell) with specialized functions. We also discuss how the nature of the proteins uncovered is related to the methods of organelle purification, organelle purity and the techniques used for protein separation prior to MS. In addition, this review also puts emphasis on the biological insights gained from these studies regarding the molecular functions of the ER including protein synthesis and translocation, protein folding and quality control, ER-associated degradation and ER stress, ER export and membrane trafficking, calcium homeostasis and detoxification and drug metabolism.
Priority-based adaptive frequency hopping for Bluetooth in multi-piconet environments (2013)

In this paper, we propose a new adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) scheme, Priority-based AFH (PAFH), for Bluetooth by introducing traffic prioritization to provide better QoS for the traffic of high priority in multi-piconet environments, especially under severe self-interference. To provide differentiated QoS, PAFH pre-classifies the whole band into non-overlapping sub hopsets that correspond to traffics of different priorities. Once the PER is higher than a predetermined threshold, the algorithm is triggered and the piconet shrinks its hopset to the corresponding sub hopset according to the traffic priority. In case of the congested condition after reducing the hopset, the piconets with a higher priority monitor their own PER periodically and have the privilege to employ a hopset restoration mechanism. Based on the PER before and after the adjustment, these piconets can change their hopsets adaptively between the sub hopset and the complete one by applying a greedy algorithm. Further, the operation of PAFH is distributed and is totally compatible with the existing specifications. Simulation results show that PAFH significantly outperforms conventional schemes.
GymSkill: A personal trainer for physical exercises (2012)

We present GymSkill, a personal trainer for ubiquitous monitoring and assessment of physical activity using standard fitness equipment. The system records and analyzes exercises using the sensors of a personal smartphone attached to the gym equipment. Novel fine-grained activity recognition techniques based on pyramidal Principal Component Breakdown Analysis (PCBA) provide a quantitative analysis of the quality of human movements. In addition to overall quality judgments, GymSkill identifies interesting portions of the recorded sensor data and provides suggestions for improving the individual performance, thereby extending existing work. The system was evaluated in a case study where 6 participants performed a variety of exercises on balance boards. GymSkill successfully assessed the quality of the exercises, in agreement with the professional judgment provided by a physician. User feedback suggests that GymSkill has the potential to serve as an effective tool for motivating and supporting lay people to overcome sedentary, unhealthy lifestyles. GymSkill is available in the Android Market as `VMI Fit'.
Changes in plasma cortisol and catecholamine concentrations in response to massage in preterm infants. (1993)

The biochemical and clinical response to massage in preterm infants was assessed. Eleven stable infants, of 29 weeks' median gestational age, median birth weight 980 g, and median postnatal age 20 days, were studied. Blood samples were obtained for the determination of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol 45 minutes before the start of massage and approximately one hour after completion of massage. Cortisol, but not catecholamine, concentrations decreased consistently after massage (median difference -35.8 nmol/l; 95% confidence interval -0.5 to -94.0, Wilcoxon matched pairs). There was a slight decrease in skin temperature (median difference -0.36 degrees C, 95% confidence interval -0.09 to -0.65) but there was no change in oxygenation or oxygen requirement. This study has shown that it is possible to detect an objective hormonal change following a supposedly 'non-therapeutic' intervention in preterm infants. The development of such methods of assessment are likely to be of particular relevance in the extremely immature or ill neonate in whom behavioural evaluation cannot play more than a limited part.