gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral loss in practical depressed-cIadding fibres (1988)

Two spectral loss pikes which are observed beyond the cutoff wavelength of the fundamental mode of a depressed-cladding fibre can both be attributed to coupling to the same cladding mode. The coupling Is caused by the very slight variation in fibre diameter which occurs during the drawing of the fibre from its preform. The major spike is associated with the straight fibre and the minor spike with pura bending of the fibre, which effectively shifts the coupling wavelength.
Covalent Modification of a Glassy Carbon Surface by 4-Aminobenzoic Acid and Its Application in Fabrication of a Polyoxometalates-Consisting Monolayer and Multilayer Films (2000)

4-Aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) was covalently grafted on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by amine cation radical formation in the electrooxidation process of the amino-containing compound. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement proves the presence of 4-carboxylphenylamine monolayer on the GCE. The redox responses of various electroactive probes were investigated on the 4-ABA-modified GCE. Electron transfer to Fe(CN)63- in solutions of various pHs was studied by both cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance analysis on the modified electrode. Changes in the solution pH value result in the variation of the terminal group charge state, based on which surface pKa values are estimated. The 4-ABA-modified GCE was used as a suitable charged substrate to fabricate polyoxometalates-consisting (POM-consisting) monolayer and multilayer films through layer-by-layer assembly based on electrostatic attraction. Cyclic voltammetry shows the uniform growth of these three-dimensional multilayer films. Taking K10H3[Pr(SiMo7W4O39)2]·xH2O (abbreviated as Pr(SiMo7W4)2), for example, the preparation and electrochemical behavior of its monolayer and multilayer film had been investigated in detail. This modification strategy is proven to be a general one suitable for anchoring many kinds of POMs on the 4-ABA-modified GCE.
Usefulness of Infrared Thermal Imaging Camera for Screening of Postoperative Surgical Site Infection after the Nuss Procedure (2013)

Introduction and Objective. The Nuss procedure is widely used in the treatment of pectus excavatum worldwide. Postoperative pectus bar infection is one of the most serious complications associated with this procedure. Therefore, early detection of signs of implant infection is very important. However, this is difficult, and effective methods have yet to be established. Methods. We use a handheld infrared thermal imaging camera to screen patients for postoperative infection following the Nuss procedure. Here, we report a 28-year-old man with recurrent postoperative (Ravitch procedure) pectus excavatum. Results. Infrared thermography camera clearly indicated slight cellulitis in the right chest. Conclusion. Our technique may assist in preventing postoperative bar infection and removal caused by severe bar infection. Furthermore, this camera is potentially suitable for many situations in infection monitoring following subcutaneous implant surgery.
Modulation of HPV16 E7 translation by tRNAs in eukaryotic cell‐free translation systems (1998)

Translational regulation of HPV16 E7 mRNA is of particular interest since the viral E7 protein has oncogenic activity. Here we report that additional supplementation of cell-free reticulocyte/wheat-germ translation systems with rat liver tRNA pool favors the expression of the viral oncoprotein E7 which otherwise is scarcely translatable. The translational activation is explained by the positive correlation between the frequency of the glutamic and aspartic codons in E7 mRNA, and the increased concentration of the corresponding tRNAs following tRNA supplementation. The present in vitro data suggest a link between E7 expression and cell conditions conductive to tRNA changes such as development, cell proliferation and aging.
Motor dysfunction in CRPS and its treatment (2009)

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Osler 292, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA *Tel.: +1 410 955 1822; fax: +1 410 614 2019. E-mail address:[email protected]
From uncertainty to visual exploration (1991)

The authors attempt to determine what can be inferred from ambiguity in processes of visual interpretation. They discuss this question in a specific context: the interpretation of scene geometry in the form of parametrized volumetric models. Ambiguity is described as a local probabilistic property of the misfit error surface in the parameter space of superellipsoid models, namely, as an ellipsoid of confidence in which there is a given probability that the true parameters can be found. The authors show how to project the ellipsoid of confidence back into 3D space to obtain the shell in which the true 3D surface most probably lies and introduce what they call the uncertainty as a local property of the fitted model's surface. They propose a technique that can use this information to plan a new direction of view that minimizes the ambiguity of subsequent interpretation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulation of Mammalian Sperm Motility (1989)

The physiological regulation of sperm motility has become more amendable to investigation since the demonstration that cAMP and calcium play a role in modulating the functioning of the flagellar axoneme. Although the external triggering mechanisms that initiate motility and capacitation are still unknown, evidence supports a modification of the calcium balance by gated Ca2+ channels, accompanied by shifts in the internal pH. Ca2+ and pH may in turn act indirectly through cAMP and cAMP-dependent kinase (kinase(a] to control the phosphorylation state of functional proteins in the flagellar axoneme. The role of calcium is of central importance, but it is clear that several separate Ca2+-dependent mechanisms are involved. Ca2+ controls the curvature of the sperm flagellum and, so, can change the motility of the sperm from progressive swimming to tumbling. Under the appropriate conditions, calcium appears to have the capacity to deactivate motility by activating phosphodiesterase and phosphatase. The deactivating effect of Ca2+ may be offset under some circumstances by coactivation of adenyl cyclase, so phosphorylation of the axoneme and the motility are maintained. The specific factors determining the predominant calcium effect are not yet known, but internal pH of the sperm may play a major role.
20GHz uniform-phase uniform-amplitude standing-wave clock distribution (2006)

This paper presents a new standing-wave clock distribution scheme utilizing an inductor loading technique. The scheme can distribute multi-ten GHz uniform-phase/amplitude global clocks over a whole chip. By loading an adequate inductor, the grid pitch can be made finer than that for the conventional standing-wave technique, and clock frequency can be designed to be independent of the grid pitch. We designed a 20GHz 6 x 6 grid clock distribution network using a 0.18µm CMOS technology. For all 36 clocks, low skew less than 1.3% of the clock period and low amplitude deviation of 2% were obtained from circuit simulation.
Lipids and lipoproteins in the brain (2001)

aMedical Clinic, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, and bDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Correspondence to Ulrike Beisiegel, Medical Clinic, University Hospital Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20249 Hamburg, Germany. Tel: +49 40 42803 3917; fax: +49 40 42803 4592; e-mail: [email protected]
Synchronization performance of the Precision Time Protocol in the face of slave clock frequency drift (2008)

This paper studies the performance of the precision time protocol (PTP) of the IEEE 1588 standard for drifting slave frequencies. The error expression for the master time estimate at the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> slave is analytically derived and demonstrated in simulation runs. We show that single-slave frequency drift is very benign compared to master frequency drift, which is only matched by all slaves drifting.
Postnatal expression of VEGF and its receptor flk-1 in peripheral ganglia (2001)

The postnatal (P0-P12) and adult expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor flk-1 was investigated in superior cervical (SCG) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in mice by immunocytochemistry. At P0 all neurons in SCG and DRG contained VEGF. The number of VEGF-immunoreactive neurons in DRG but not in SCG, decreased postnatally and reached adult levels (34%) at P12. At P0 flk-1 was found in virtually all neurons in the SCG and in roughly half of the neurons in DRG. The number of flk-1 positive neurons then decreased and reached adult levels at P12. The findings demonstrate temporal changes in VEGF and flk-1 expression, suggesting developmental regulation of VEGF activity in peripheral ganglia.
High-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra of fluorene and its derivatives. Part III. 9-Substituted fluorenes (1971)

1 H N.m.r. spectroscopic measurements at 60 MHz are reported for solutions in [2H] chloroform, carbon tetrchloride, [2H6] acetone, and [2H6] dimethyl sulphoxide of forty three 9-substituted fluorenes. In these and other 9-fluorenes, extensive comparison of the chemical shifts, δ9, of H(9), and also the shift relative to that of fluorene with such parameters as polarisability, dipole moment, Hammett constants, and bulk revealed a correlation only with electronegativity. Of the aromatic shifts, δ4 tended to shift to high field with the ‘inductive’ Hammett constant, σImeta, and δ1 to low field with both negative anisotropy of susceptibility, Δχ, and size of substituent. Otherwise, aromatic shifts appeared to be independent of other Hammett constants, group electronegativity, O, dipole moment, and covalent radius. No evidence was found for enol forms in [2H] chloroform solutions of any of the 9-COR-fluorenes examined. Coupling constants between H(9) and the substituent X are in fair agreement with the corresponding CH3X couplings, provided due allowance is made for the electronegativity of fluorene and for the conformation of the substituent. There is an unusual CH–SO2–CH coupling of 1·0 Hz in methyl 9-fluorenyl sulphone.
Cytokeratin-17 as a Potential Marker for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx (2004)

To assess cytokeratin-17 (CK17) as an immunohistochemical marker for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, we stained 63 tissue samples from 63 consecutive patients who were believed or suspected to have squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx for CK17 and analyzed them by computerized histomorphometry. The mean staining intensity for CK17 was significantly stronger (p < .01) in cancerous cells, dysplasia, and normal epithelium proximal to the tumor than in distal normal epithelium and polyps. The percentage of stained area, within samples taken from a single patient, was significantly higher in malignancy and dysplasia as compared to distal normal epithelium and in malignancy as compared to dysplasia and proximal normal epithelium (p < .001). The integrated optical density was significantly higher in the malignant epithelium, dysplasia, polyps, and proximal normal epithelium than in distal normal epithelium (p < .0001). We conclude that CK17 is a highly sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for premalignant and malignant transformation in the larynx. Further investigation is warranted in order to assess the role of CK17 in determining safe resection borders.
Interference-Aware Routing Metric for Improved Load Balancing in Wireless Mesh Networks (2008)

Multihop wireless mesh networks are an attractive solution for providing last-mile connectivity. However, the shared nature of the transmission medium makes it challenging to fully exploit these networks. Nodes interfere with each other, resulting in packet loss and degraded network performance. In this paper, a routing metric specifically designed for WMNs is proposed. The Interference-Aware Routing metric (IAR) uses MAC-level information to measure the share of the channel that each link is able to utilize effectively. As a result, paths are selected that exhibit the least interference. Simulations show that utilizing this metric provides significant performance improvements in terms of end-to-end delay compared to several existing metrics.
Flyback-Based Three-Port Topologies for Electrolytic Capacitor-Less LED Drivers (2017)

Electrolytic capacitors are the components that mainly impact the lifetime of ac/dc light-emitting diode (LED) drivers. Therefore, eliminating electrolytic capacitors from LED drivers is of vital importance. First, the basic derivation concept of a family of flyback-based three-port converters for electrolytic capacitor-less LED drivers is addressed in this paper, by manipulating the power flow among input port, output port, and storage capacitors. Together with the derivation of existing topologies, new topologies are also proposed. After evaluation, an integrated dual flyback converter (IDFC) is chosen, which requires less switching components and simpler control strategy. Following that, the operation principle and switching modes of the IDFC are elaborated, as well as the parameter design and implementation of control strategy. Finally, experiments on a laboratory prototype are carried out to verify the feasibility of the proposed topology.
DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration (2005)

DrugBank is a unique bioinformatics/cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. protein) information. The database contains >4100 drug entries including >800 FDA approved small molecule and biotech drugs as well as >3200 experimental drugs. Additionally, >14,000 protein or drug target sequences are linked to these drug entries. Each DrugCard entry contains >80 data fields with half of the information being devoted to drug/chemical data and the other half devoted to drug target or protein data. Many data fields are hyperlinked to other databases (KEGG, PubChem, ChEBI, PDB, Swiss-Prot and GenBank) and a variety of structure viewing applets. The database is fully searchable supporting extensive text, sequence, chemical structure and relational query searches. Potential applications of DrugBank include in silico drug target discovery, drug design, drug docking or screening, drug metabolism prediction, drug interaction prediction and general pharmaceutical education. DrugBank is available at http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/drugbank/.
Source book of proposed music notation reforms (1986)

Foreword by Kurt Stone Preface Acknowledgments The Search for Improved Notation: An Overview Proposed Staff Reforms Novel Clef and Register Symbology Proposed Notehead Designs Numerical Systems Alphabetical Notations Stenographic Systems Appendixes: Comparative Tables Select Bibliography Index of Names
The Thiol−Isocyanate Click Reaction: Facile and Quantitative Access to ω-End-Functional Poly(<i><i>N,N</i></i>-diethylacrylamide) Synthesized by RAFT Radical Polymerization (2009)

N,N-Diethylacrylamide (DEAm) was homopolymerized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization yielding a homopolymer with a calculated degree of polymerization of 30 (PDEAm(30)), as determined by (1)H NMR spectroscopic end-group analysis, and a polydispersity index 1.10. Aminolysis of the dithioester end groups followed by treatment with tris(carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride yielded the corresponding macromolecular secondary thiol (PDEAm(30)-SH). Reaction of PDEAm(30)-SH with a range of commercially available isocyanates, catalyzed by NEt(3), gave the corresponding thiocarbamate end-functional polymers in essentially quantitative yield as determined by a combination of (1)H NMR spectroscopy and UV-vis spectrophotometry. These reactions were shown to be rapid as evidenced by the real-time kinetics for the reaction between PDEAm30-SH and hexyl isocyanate in the presence of NEt(3). Additionally, these facile reactions were shown to proceed without any apparent detrimental effect/side reactions to the basic polymer structure as evidenced by size exclusion chromatography with all modified polymers retaining their narrow molecular weight distributions. The lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) of the resulting co-modified PDEAm homopolymers were evaluated by turbidimetry. For those samples that were soluble in aqueous media the measured LCSTs were between 3 and 11 degrees C lower than that determined for PDEAm(30)-SH (34 degrees C). Such differences were attributed to the hydrophobic nature of the newly introduced end groups-the effect being pronounced given the relatively low molecular weight of the precursor homopolymer. In two instances, and specifically the end-modified PDEAm homopolymers obtained from reaction with 9-isocyanato-9H-fluorene and 4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)biphenyl, the resulting materials were not soluble in water even at temperatures approaching 0 degrees C.
Effect of Ce, Co, and Sn Substitution on Gas Phase and Electrochemical Hydriding/Dehydriding Properties of LaNi5 (1995)

A number of intermetallics with Ce, Sn, and Co substitutions were prepared by the arc‐melting technique and tested as electrodes in batteries. Sn and Co substitution expand the unit cell and lower the plateau pressures whereas the introduction of Ce results in the reverse effects. Ce and Co substitutions result in a decrease in the storage capacity of the intermetallics. Most of the Sn substituted compounds exhibit high hydriding capacities, though they widely differ in their electrochemical behavior, viz., cycle life and rate capabilities. Two such intermetallic compounds, with different amounts of substitution, show promise with high capacities (over 300 mAh/g), even at high rates of discharge. Intermetallics with Ce, Sn, and Co retain the high capacity upon long‐term cycling.
Smoking, gender, and survival association with allele loss for the LOH11B lung cancer region on chromosome 11. (1997)

We have reported frequent allele loss for the marker HRAS on chromosome 11p in human lung cancer and defined the smallest common region of deletion (designated LOH11B) to approximately 500 kb. Here, we investigated the association of allele loss for LOH11B with epidemiological, pathological, and clinical parameters. Analysis of allele loss was performed using Southern blotting on a cohort of 200 patients with lung cancer, and data were interpreted with the use of a phosphorimager. Results were statistically compared with retrospectively collected variables. LOH11B allele loss was significantly associated with cigarette consumption (P = 0.009), gender (P = 0.02), and survival (P = 0.04). None of the nonsmokers had allele loss as compared with 28% of the patients with low and 43% with high cigarette consumption. Allele loss was more frequent in men (43%) than in women (11%). The median survival of patients without allele loss was 42 months compared with 25 months for patients with allele loss. These results suggest that the LOH11B region contains a gene responsible for a more malignant phenotype independent of the metastatic potential of lung cancer. They also suggest that alterations in this gene are associated with cigarette consumption and are more frequent in men than in women.
Superconductivity of YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-x</sub> by Addition of Reactive Fine Powders (1991)

We report a new method for introducing pinning centers by partial melting processing using reactive fine powders, such as SiC, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and ZrO 2 . Since this method lowers processing temperature, it may become a useful technique for the production of high- J c metal-sheathed tapes and wires. YBCO powders were mixed with 25 mol% SiC powder of 0.3 µm, sintered at 980°C for 15 min and cooled at 3°C/h under flowing oxygen gas. The obtained samples show prominent grain growth and reacted phases (Y 2 BaCuO 5 , Ba 2 SiO 4 ) which are of submicron size and uniformly dispersed in the YBCO matrix. Magnetic measurements show the improvement of the critical currents (over 7500 A/cm 2 at 77 K 0.04 T), and the sample shows the so-called fishing behavior at 77 K. It seems that the reacted phases (Y 2 BaCuO 5 , Ba 2 SiO 4 ) work as effective pinning centers.
Power allocation and control for coded OFDM wireless networks (2002)

A wireless cellular system employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is considered in this paper. Since cellular systems use frequency reuse concepts to enhance the area spectral efficiency, it introduces so called cochannel interference (CCI) which is one of the major sources of performance degradation. To mitigate the effect of CCI while satisfying required quality of service, the power level on each subchannel of OFDM systems should be allocated to and controlled at an optimum level. A conventional approach to OFDM power allocation system design is to maintain the same link quality for all subchannels. To overcome the drawbacks of the traditional approach, a new power allocation scheme exploiting the frequency diversity of OFDM systems by considering the error correcting coding is proposed. The frequency diversity is also exploited in the power control algorithm. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm over the conventional one.
Purification and characterization of nitrile hydratase of mutant 4D of Rhodococcus rhodochrous PA-34 (2012)

Nitrile hydratase (NHase; E.C. 4.2.1.84) has been purified and characterized using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography from the mutant 4D of Rhodococcus rhodochrous PA-34. The SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF analysis of the purified enzyme revealed that it is dimmer consisting of α- and β-subunits with a molecular mass of 25 and 30 kDa, respectively. The K<sub>m</sub> and V<sub>max</sub> values were 102 mM and 350.8 μmol/min/mg using 3-cyanopyridine as substrate. The purified NHase was stable in higher concentration of potassium ions and in acidic pH 5.5 as compared to NHase of the wild R. rhodochrous PA-34. The analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of this enzyme revealed that this enzyme has 90 % homology with the high molecular weight nitrile hydratase of R. rhodochrous J1.
Use the GPS/IMU New Technology for Photogrammetric Application (2006)

It is an efficient way of directly measured exterior orientations using integrated GPS/IMU system. The experiment has shown that the accuracy performance of direct orientation measurement is sufficient to make orthophoto and small or medium scale map. Unfortunately, since the GPS/IMU orientation module is physically separated from the camera to be oriented translational offsets and rotations are existent and have to be considered. This paper firstly discusses the integrated GPS/IMU system and the elements of GPS/IMU-based photogrammetry. Finally, the overall system calibration is investigated through the data obtained from Jiuquan city, Gansu Province.