gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PZT Thin Film Preparation on Pt-Ti Electrode by RF Sputtering (1991)

Pt-Ti alloy films were studied for use as a lower electrode of the ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film capacitor. Pt-Ti alloy films with different Ti/Pt atomic ratios were first prepared by rf sputtering. Subsequently, PZT thin films were deposited also by rf magnetron sputtering on the Pt-Ti alloy metals. The Ti/Pt ratio in the alloy was found to strongly affect the crystal structure formation and the composition of the PZT thin films. The Ti/Pt ratio range from 0.02 to 0.17 was shown to bring about a preferable perovskite-type structure and a reproducible constant composition. The effect of Ti atoms in the Pt-Ti lower electrode was discussed in connection with the Pb atom evaporation rate.
VARIATION OF SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY, LIKELIHOOD RATIOS AND PREDICTIVE VALUES WITH DISEASE PREVALENCE (1997)

The sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios of binary diagnostic tests are often thought of as being independent of disease prevalence. Empirical studies, however, have frequently revealed substantial variation of these measures for the same diagnostic test in different populations. One reason for this discrepancy is related to the fact that only few diagnostic tests are inherently dichotomous. The majority of tests are based on categorization of individuals according to one or several underlying continuous traits. For these tests, the magnitude of diagnostic misclassification depends not only on the magnitude of the measurement or perception error of the underlying trait(s), but also on the distribution of the underlying trait(s) in the population relative to the diagnostic cutpoint. Since this distribution also determines prevalence of the disease in the population, diagnostic misclassification and disease prevalence are related for this type of test. We assess the variation of various measures of validity of diagnostic tests with disease prevalence for simple models of the distribution of the underlying trait(s) and the measurement or perception error. We illustrate that variation with disease prevalence is typically strong for sensitivity and specificity, and even more so for the likelihood ratios. Although positive and negative predictive values also strongly vary with disease prevalence, this variation is usually less pronounced than one would expect if sensitivity and specificity were independent of disease prevalence.
The Competition of Trimethylhalosilanes and Styrene for Organolithium Reagents<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Competition of Trimethylhalosilanes and Styrene for Organolithium Reagents1Alvin E. Bey and Donald R. WeyenbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 7, 2436–2440Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01018a081https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01018a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides: report of five cases with ultrastructural observations (1982)

Five dark-skinned individuals presented with widespread well-demarcated hypopigmented lesions, biopsy of which revealed the histopathological features of mycosis fungoides. Ultrastructural studies showed focal invasion of the epidermis by mycosis cells with degenerative changes in adjacent melanocytes and keratinocytes. The majority of melanocytes exhibited swelling of cytoplasmic organelles and disordered melanogenesis with production of spherical incompletely melanized melanosomes. In addition disintegrating melanocytes were occasionally seen. Perifollicular repigmentation within hypopigmented areas occurred in two patients following clearing of the epidermal infiltrate with PUVA therapy. Mycosis fungoides may present with areas of cutaneous hypopigmentation.
Square‐Planar Iridium(II) and Iridium(III) Amido Complexes Stabilized by a PNP Pincer Ligand (2011)

Squaring the circle: the novel dienamido pincer ligand N(CHCHPtBu(2))(2)(-) affords the isolation of the unusual square-planar iridium(II) and iridium(III) amido complexes [IrCl{N(CHCHPtBu(2))(2)}](n) (n=0 (1), +1 (2)). In contrast, the corresponding iridium(I) complex of the redox series (n=-1) is surprisingly unstable. The diamagnetism of 2 is attributed to strong N→Ir π donation.
Foscan® uptake and tissue distribution in relation to photodynamic efficacy (2003)

Clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT) schedules are based on the assumption that optimum drug-light intervals are times at which there is a maximum differential between photosensitiser retention in the tumour and surrounding normal tissue. However, vascular-mediated effects contribute to tumour destruction by PDT; therefore, plasma sensitiser levels and endothelial cell drug exposure could also be important determinants of PDT response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of tumour, tissue and plasma concentrations of the photosensitiser Foscan (meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin, mTHPC) on PDT response. Groups of BalbC nude mice, bearing human mesothelioma xenografts (H-MESO1) were injected (i.v.) with a single dose of (14)C-labelled mTHPC, or with two doses, separated by 72 h. Drug levels in plasma, tumour and normal tissues were measured at 5 min to 120 h after drug administration. The PDT tumour and skin responses were evaluated by illuminating separate groups mice at intervals of 5 min to 120 h after injection of Foscan (nonlabelled). Drug levels in both tumour and skin increased during the first 24 h after a single injection, and remained almost constant for at least 120 h. The second injection produced a further, rapid increase in mTHPC levels in tumours and skin, with steady state being maintained from 20 min to 120 h. By contrast, PDT response of both tumours and skin were maximal for illumination at 1-3 h after drug, with very little response when illumination was given 48-120 h after drug. There was no significant correlation between tumour or skin drug level and PDT response. There was, however, a significant correlation between plasma drug levels and tumour or skin response, excluding an initial distribution time of 20 min. These studies demonstrate a pronounced disassociation between tumour drug levels and optimum drug-light intervals for PDT response with Foscan. We suggest that the PDT effect, in both tumours and normal tissues, is largely mediated via vascular damage and that the selectivity of PDT is not based on differential tumour drug uptake.
Ion-implanted hyperabrupt junction voltage variable capacitors (1972)

Voltage variable capacitors have been fabricated using ion implantation and a PtSi Schottky barrier to obtain a high degree of control over the doping in a hyperabrupt diode structure. Three methods for obtaining the desired doping in the hyperabrupt region have been investigated, including diffusion from a low energy predeposition and higher energy implantations with no diffusion. The <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C-V</tex> characteristics for two different profiles, made using diffusion to drive in an ion predeposition, agree well with theoretical calculations if a Gaussian diffusion profile peaked at the surface is assumed <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(D = 2.38 \times 10^{-13}</tex> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /s for phosphorus at 1100°C in an oxygen ambient). It has been found that the device parameter spread of about 7 percent is dominated by nonuniformities in the donor concentration of the epitaxial layer. Parameter variations due to sources other than the epitaxial layer doping are about 3 percent. Low-dose channeling implantations have been made to tailor the profile such that the sensitivity-( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dC/C)(V/dV</tex> ) is nearly constant
Characteristics of an Hsp70 Homolog Localized in Higher Plant Chloroplasts That Is Similar to DnaK, the Hsp70 of Prokaryotes (1993)

Members of the 70-kD heat-shock protein (Hsp70) family are important cellular factors that are thought to mediate protein folding and assembly. A chloroplast-localized Hsp70 homolog (Chsp70) was recently identified based on its similarity to DnaK, the Hsp70 homolog of Escherichia coli (D. Amir-Shapira, T. Leustek, B. Dalie, H. Weissbach, N. Brot [1990] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 1749-1752). To learn more about the function of Chsp70, we purified the protein from Spinacia oleracea chloroplasts by ATP-agarose affinity chromatography. A single, 75,000-D protein was isolated which becomes phosphorylated on a threonine residue when incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP and 10 mM Ca2+, a property similar to DnaK. Chloroplast fractionation and immunoblot analysis showed that Chsp70 is a soluble stromal protein. Chsp70-specific antiserum was used to clone a partial cDNA that shows greater homology with Hsp70 from prokaryotes than with cytoplasmic Hsp70 from eukaryotes. The antiserum and cDNA were used to study Chsp70 expression. Following heat shock of spinach seedlings at 37 degrees C, Chsp70 synthesis increase 12-fold, the level of Chsp70 mRNA increases 5-fold, and the level of Chsp70 protein increases less than 2-fold. Chsp70 is constitutively expressed in all spinach tissues, indicating that it is likely to be localized in all plastid types. The highest levels occur in seeds, leaves, florets, and seedlings grown in the light. Lower levels occur in roots, stems, and etiolated seedlings.
Evaluation of joined silicon nitride by X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) (2010)

X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) was performed to evaluate defects in a joined silicon nitride sample. The resolution of the X-ray CT was about 10 µm. ZrO2 particles (ZrO2 was added as a sintering additive), segregation of Zr, and cracks were successfully observed. These defects were most likely introduced during the fabrication procedure, i.e., by insufficient milling of the ZrO2, separation of ZrO2 in the slurry, and cracking during drying after slip-casting. X-ray CT is demonstrated to be a useful evaluation method, since these defects are introduced not only by joining but also by usual ceramics processing.
An agent-based framework with QoS-aware content negotiation for gateway-based nomadic applications (2002)

The advances in both wireless data communications and portable computing technologies have recently generated a new trend: nomadic computing. The concept of nomadic computing has emerged as the expectation of nomadic end-users to retain one's personal computing environments and access capabilities wherever one happens to be. The changing environment in wireless due to mobility and interference gives rise to varying bandwidth, latency, error rate, loss probability, interoperability, and quality of display. Confronted with these circumstances, the ability to support adaptability and QoS-awareness in a transparent and integrated fashion is essential. This paper describes an agent-based framework with QoS-aware content negotiation for gateway-based nomadic applications.
BiovaxID™: a personalized therapeutic cancer vaccine for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (2006)

The clonal immunoglobulin molecule, idiotype (ID), expressed on the surface of B-cell malignancies can function as a tumor-specific antigen. BiovaxID is a patient-specific therapeutic cancer vaccine composed of the tumor idiotype conjugated to a carrier protein, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). In a Phase II clinical trial, administration of ID-KLH vaccine together with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to follicular lymphoma patients in complete remission induced tumor-specific cellular and humoral immunity and molecular remissions, and was associated with prolonged disease-free survival. A randomized, double-blind, Phase III clinical trial is ongoing to definitively determine the clinical benefit of BiovaxID plus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor vaccination in patients with follicular lymphoma.
Colonization of Infants Exposed to Bacterially Contaminated Mists (1967)

INHALATION therapy equipment is frequently contaminated with bacteria, as illustrated in the references quoted in the preceding paper.1The importance of this contamination has been shown by a number of reported outbreaks of serious disease in pediatric patients, which have been traced to organisms which characteristically grow in water or which were found in the water or equipment after the outbreak (Table 1).2-13However, there is very little data on the risk of colonization or infection of infants exposed to mists contaminated with bacteria. At the time this study was begun, it had just been recognized that the fresh distilled water used in inhalation therapy equipment, which had been presumed to be sterile, contained small concentrations of bacteria. Previous testing of this water using 0.01-ml samples had indicated no bacterial growth, but larger inocula of 0.5 ml of water in 10 ml of broth regularly showed bacterial contamination,
Modified dose correction strategy for better pattern contrast (2010)

All patterning technologies, including e-beam writing, encounter growing challenges to meet the requirements of current
and future semiconductor technology nodes. For e-beam writing the electron proximity effect is one of the most
prominent influencing factors and its optimal is a key for achieving sufficient pattern fidelity. Leading
correction algorithms like PROXECCO® currently use a dose modulation strategy for correcting the electron proximity
effect. For obtaining minimum feature sizes of below 50 nm and for most demanding patterns like dense line geometries
additional strategies seem to be necessary to meet the pattern fidelity requirements of the semiconductor
industry. The dense line geometries are so sensitive to suboptimal because of the achievable contrast in that
case, which is minimal. The result is a small process window and an increased line width roughness (LWR). One of the
possible modifications of the strategy is a combination of dose and a variation of the pattern shape.
For the scope of this paper we will investigate the potential gains (contrast enhancement) and losses (increase in data
prep and writing time) resulting from the so called induced dose correction method available in the
current version of PROXECCO® integrated in the ePLACE® software package. ePLACE means eBeam Direct Write
and Mask Data Preparation Layout Console and offers the ability to process layout data as well as a state-of-the-art
visualization and exposure simulation capabilities. In this paper we show that especially the simulation capability can be
used to reduce experimental work significantly.
The induced dose correction method is in fact a shape size biasing operation followed by a special dose
correction to meet the intended shape edges. By theoretical considerations and by applying the ePLACE® automatic
simulation & measurement feature to a huge number of measurement areas we investigate the influence of the
geometrically induced dose on exposure contrast and CD uniformity for test and real patterns. We also discuss
how the geometrically induced dose influences the data prep time and finally the e-beam writing time.
Temperature Measurement by Microwave Radiometry (2008)

Temperature is an important parameter in the industrial world. For example, temperature control is of a greater concern in food processing industry for safety reasons as well as for product quality. Recently, microwave processing of powder metallurgical bodies has been shown to be very promising. Fully dense bodies with improved mechanical properties could be produced due to finer grain size. In the field of the sintering of materials, a control of the temperature inside heated parts is necessary to avoid local melting or distortions. The medical field is another sector particularly interested in non invasive techniques for the measurement of human temperature. In fact, the corporal temperature is proved to be a pertinent parameter in the scope of diagnosis, monitoring of many pathologies and for the posology of some medicines. None of the current methods for measuring temperature (thermocouples, optic fibers, infrared, etc...) give by a non-invasive way continuous temperature information. So, microwave radiometry brings a neat solution to measure and control non-invasively temperature inside a dissipative material. This paper is concerning the design and the realization of specific radiometric sensors in order to measure and control temperatures from a non-invasive way by microwave radiometry either in industrial or in medical applications.
A graphical indoor radio channel simulator using 2D ray tracing (2003)

This paper presents a graphical user interface program that uses a ray tracing algorithm to predict the radio propagation in the indoor radio channel from the layout of the floor plan. The program allows the user to interactively specify the location of the walls in the floor plan, the type of material in the construction, and the location of the radio transmitter and receiver. The ray tracing algorithm determines the magnitude, phase, time of arrival, and direction of every signal path between the specified radio transmitter and receiver when an RF pulse is transmitted. The accuracy of the model for a shielded cage is examined by comparing the results with those obtained from empirical measurements. Comparisons are also made between the simulation and the results of measurements in a complex laboratory environment at Worcester Polytechnic Institute.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pulmonary and Systemic Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled and Intravenous Colistin Methanesulfonate in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Targeting Advantage of Inhalational Administration (2014)

The purpose of this study was to define the pulmonary and systemic pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) and formed colistin following intravenous (i.v.) and inhaled administration in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Six CF subjects were administered nebulized CMS doses of 2 and 4 million IU and an i.v. CMS infusion of 150 mg of colistin base activity. Blood plasma, sputum, and urine samples were collected for 12 to 24 h postdose. To assess the tolerability of the drug, lung function tests, blood serum creatinine concentrations, and adverse effect reports were recorded. All doses were well tolerated in the subjects. The pharmacokinetic parameters for CMS following i.v. delivery were consistent with previously reported values. Sputum concentrations of formed colistin were maintained at <1.0 mg/liter for 12 h postdose. Nebulization of CMS resulted in relatively high sputum concentrations of CMS and formed colistin compared to those resulting from i.v. administration. The systemic availability of CMS was low following nebulization of 2 and 4 million IU (7.93% ± 4.26% and 5.37% ± 1.36%, respectively), and the plasma colistin concentrations were below the limit of quantification. Less than 2 to 3% of the nebulized CMS dose was recovered in the urine samples in 24 h. The therapeutic availability and drug targeting index for CMS and colistin following inhalation compared to i.v. delivery were significantly greater than 1. Inhalation of CMS is an effective means of targeting CMS and formed colistin for delivery to the lungs, as high lung exposure and minimal systemic exposure were achieved in CF subjects.
Artifactual plaque formation in vitro and in vivo to passive transfer of specific antibody. (1976)

The localized hemolysis in gel (LHG) assay for antibody-secreting cells was used to evaluate antibody production in heterologous erythrocyte-immunized cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes supplemented with 10% human plasma. Antigen-specific plaques were detected in such cultures and the number of plaques varied with different lymphocyte donors and were inhibited by heat killing the cultures before assay. However, plaque number varied directly with the number of immunizing erythrocytes added to the cultures and inversely with the number of lymphocytes added. Maximum plaque production occurred within 10 min of initiation of the cultures and occurred in the absence of any lymphoid cells. Absorption of the plasma used as culture supplement with the immunizing erythrocyte resulted in complete abrogation of subsequent specific plaque formation. Mice previously passively immunized with high titered anti-erythrocyte antibody had large numbers of plaques detected 30 min after i.v. immunization with the appropriate erythrocyte. These plaques detected by LHG are the result of carry-over of aggregates of antibody-coated erythrocytes and subsequent release of this antibody in the LHG assay and are not the result of active antibody synthesis. This "pseudoplaque" production may lead to the false interpretation of plaque formation as indicating active synthesis of antibody in vivo and in vitro where such experiments are carried out in immune animals or with antibody containing serum culture supplements.
Decoupling approximation for the nonlinear-optical response of composite media (1989)

A nonlinear decoupling approximation (NDA) is described for calculating the nonlinear-optical response of composite materials. The NDA is used in conjunction with the effective-medium approximation for the linear response to calculate the effective third-order susceptibility, χe, of model metal–insulator and semiconductor–insulator composites as a function of frequency and composition. It is found that the ratio χe can be strongly enhanced relative to χ1, the corresponding third-order nonlinear susceptibility of a pure constituent in bulk. The enhancement is found to be sensitive to composite topology as well as to composition. The nonlinear susceptibility of randomly oriented nonlinear ellipsoidal particles in a linear host is calculated in the dilute limit. The susceptibilities of the model composites are also shown to be strongly influenced by particle shape.