gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerically controlled elastic emission machining - Consideration of machining property by motion analysis of powder particle in fluid. (1985)

The present research aims to realize the numerically controlled ultra-precision machning which can easily finish the work into a required shape by a single apparatus, utilizing the elastic fracture of the order of atomic size. Ultra fine powder particles and water are mixed, and making the rotating sphere of polyurethane rubber approach to the material surface, the state of fluid lubrication of the mixed fluid is realized, so that powder particles in the mixed fluid are made to collide with the surface. Then the elastic fracture of atomic size is achieved. In this report, utilizing the analysis of fluid movement which was introduced in the previous report, the movement of powder particles is calculated. The following results are obtained. (1) The work is machined by the interaction between powder particles and work, and this report shows theoretically and experimentally that the machining characteristics are influenced by the interaction. (2) Furthermore this report shows the effects of thermal change and powder concentration of the mixed fluid on the stock removal theoretically and experimentally.
Study of a combined percutaneous local anaesthetic  and nitric oxide‐generating system for venepuncture (2002)

Nitric oxide (NO) may be generated and delivered into the skin via a novel system of sodium nitrite and ascorbic acid. This placebo-controlled, double-blind trial compared the analgesic properties of this system alone and when supplemented with lidocaine. The pain of dorsal hand vein cannulation was assessed in 100 volunteers. The NO-generating system was prepared by mixing two gels, the first KY jelly and sodium nitrite (10% w/v), the second KY jelly and ascorbic acid (10% w/v). NO-generating gel was the placebo treatment, and when combined with lidocaine (final concentration 5%), formed the active treatment. The gels were applied to the dorsum of the hands bilaterally and simultaneously for 10 min. Following cannulation, pain perception was measured with a verbal rating score (VRS) and a visual analogue score (VAS). The active formulation significantly decreased the VRS (p < 0.0001) and also reduced the mean VAS by > 40% compared with placebo (p < 0.001). This investigation suggests a 10-min topical application of anaesthetic combined with the NO-generation system may provide effective analgesia for venous cannulation in adults.
Various Kinds of Clipping Technique in Aneurysm Surgery (1992)

Various kinds of complications may happen in association with the clipping surgery of cerebral aneurysms. The sites at which complications occur relate to the following three anatomical structures; I. aneurysm itself, II. parent artery and branches, III. neural tissues. We classified our techniques to avoid complications as follows: A: techniques useful before application of a clip to gain better visualization of the aneurysm neck and surrounding structures, B: selection of clip, C: application of clip, D: techniques after clipping. Especially in this paper, we describe our methods related to C: application of clip. It includes a) multiple clipping, b) formation clipping, c) booster clipping, d) shank clipping, e) compression clipping, f) rotation advance, g) applicator changing, and h) dissection with clip blade. To know these techniques systematically and beforehand would be more helpful in successfully clipping a given aneurysm than trying to find a method at the time of difficulty.
Expression of the Fas ligand in cells of T cell lineage. (1995)

Fas ligand (FasL) is a membrane-type cytokine belonging to the TNF family, and induces apoptosis through its cell-surface receptor, Fas. To determine the cell types that express FasL, various mouse tissues and cell lines were examined by Northern hybridization using a mouse FasL cDNA as a probe. Among tissues, lymphoid organs (thymus, lymph node, spleen), lung, and small intestine express low levels of FasL mRNA, suggesting the role of FasL in the general immune system and mucosal immunity. The testis expressed FasL mRNA most abundantly; however, the size of FasL mRNA in the testis was slightly shorter than those in other tissues. Distribution of FasL mRNA in a panel of cell lines indicated that the FasL expression is rather restricted to the cells of T cell lineage. Activation of the splenocytes with the T cell activators such as PMA and ionomycin, Con A, anti-CD3, or even IL-2 alone induced the expression of the FasL. CD8+ splenocytes expressed the FasL more abundantly than did the CD4+ splenocytes upon activation by Con A and IL-2. Among CD4+ CTL cell lines, the FasL was expressed in all Th1 and Th0, and some Th2 clones.
Reconstitution of the enzyme AroA and its glyphosate tolerance by fragment complementation (2006)

5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase (AroA) is a key enzyme in the aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway in microorganisms and plants, and is the target of the herbicide glyphosate. Glyphosate tolerance activity of the enzyme could be obtained by natural occurrence or by site-directed mutagenesis. A functional Pseudomonas putida AroA was obtained by co-expression of two protein fragments AroA(P. putida)-N210 and AroA(P. putida)-C212 in Escherichia coli aroA mutant strain AB2829. From sequence analysis, the equivalent split site on E. coli AroA was chosen for further study. The result indicated that functional E. coli AroA could also be reconstituted from two protein fragments AroA(E. coli)-N218 and AroA(E. coli)-C219, under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. This result suggested that the fragment complementation property of this family of enzyme may be general. Additional experiments indicated that the glyphosate tolerance property of AroA could also be reconstituted in parallel with its enzyme activity. The implication of this finding is discussed.
Synthesizing stereo 3D views from focus cues in monoscopic 2D images (2003)

In this paper we propose a monoscopic 2D to stereo 3D conversion system. Our process of producing a stereo 3D system from 2D images requires to estimate a relative depth map of the objects in the image that comprises the real world 3D geometry of the scene initially captured. Subsequently, we map the estimated depth into two perspective image views, left and right, with an artificially synthesized parallax between them. We present a depth estimation method based on measuring focus cues, which consists of a local spatial frequency measurement using multiresolution wavelet analysis and a Lipschitz regularity estimation of significant edges; resulting in a pixel resolution depth map. Based on this relative depth map, the stereo 3D image is synthesized with a method that uses interpolated image row sections to artificially generate parallax in the left and right perspective views, and thus when viewed with a stereo 3D display system induce a sense of stereopsis to the observer.
Growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by H2O2-producing Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei isolated from the human vagina (1999)

H2O2 production by certain Lactobacillus strains is one of the mechanisms that helps to regulate the vaginal ecosystem. This paper describes the kinetics of H2O2 production by two different strains of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei under different culture conditions and the effect of this metabolite on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. L. paracasei F2 produced 2.72 mmol l−1 H2O2 while L. paracasei F28 produced 1.84 mmol l−1, both in agitated cultures. Although L. paracasei F2 produced a higher H2O2 concentration than L. paracasei F28, H2O2 production per number of live bacterial cells was 10-fold higher for F28. The latter also showed a faster decrease in viability during the stationary phase. There were no detectable levels of H2O2 in cultures without agitation. H2O2-producing lactobacilli inhibited growth of S. aureus in a plaque assay and in mixed cultures, depending on the initial inoculum of the pathogen.
Current experimental strategies for investigating human hematopoietic stem cell biology. (1996)

The currently available different experimental strategies for investigating the biology of the human hematopoietic stem cells are reviewed in this paper. There are discussed: (1) different approaches to isolate human hematopoietic stem cells, (2) available molecular techniques for investigating gene expression in isolated cells, and (3) functional tests evaluating their proliferative potential in in vitro cultures and in vivo in animal models. Important information regarding stem cell biology can be also gained from animal model involving: (1) overexpression of particular genes in transgenic mice or, (2) gene "knock-out" techniques using homologous recombination. The regulation of proliferation and differentiation of human hematopoietic stem cells can be also discerned after downregulation of expression of genes of interest in the early hematopoietic cells using antisense strategy.
DEVELOPMENT OF BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS SYNDROME IN RECIPIENTS OF HEART-LUNG TRANSPLANTATION-EARLY RISK FACTORS (1996)

Given the internationally recognized definition of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and longer follow up of heart-lung transplant recipients, it is possible to establish some of the major risk factors for development and progression of BOS. Between April 1984 and 31 December 1993, 157 patients underwent heart-lung transplantation; 126 survived at least six months after operation and so were at risk of developing BOS. The following early risk factors were assessed for development of BOS grade 1 (21-35% decline in FEV1) and progression from grade 1 to grade 2 (36-50% decline in FEV1): age, gender and underlying diagnosis of the recipient, evidence of acute rejection and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection within 6 months of operation, peak FEV1 achieved, age and gender of the donor, cold ischemic time of the graft, and matching of CMV serological status and HLA antigens of donor and recipient. The number of acute rejection episodes observed remained the single most important determinant of development of BOS grade 1 (relative risk 1.17 (1.06, 1.29), P=0.002) and progression to BOS grade 2 (relative risk 1.58 (1.02, 2.46), P=0.03). No other factors were significantly related to development or progression of BOS, although both evidence of CMV infection and disease and the number of HLA mismatches increased the risk. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is a major problem for medium-to-long-term survivors of cardiothoracic transplantation. Acute rejection early after transplantation is a sensitive prognostic indicator of subsequent functional decline and requires prompt attention.
A High Performance VHF Solid-State TV Tuner (1969)

Investigation was conducted on the evaluation of various solid-state devices with particular emphasis on signal-handling capability (cross-modulation performance) and the circuit techniques for filtering the interfering signals for VHF TV tuners. From this investigation, some clear requirements are ascertained as to the selection of the solid-state devices and to the circuitry for the VHF TV tuners. On the basis of these requirements, a high performance solid-state tuner was developed whose performance surpasses that of tube equipped tuners in all respects except gain.
Anti-gastritis and wound healing effects of Momordicae Semen extract and its active component (2012)

Momordicae Semen, Momordica cochinchinensis Springer (Cucurbitaceae), has long been known to effectively relieve boils, rheumatic pain, and hemorrhoids. In this study, we investigated whether Momordicae Semen extract (MSE) has anti-gastritis effects in various rodent models and also explored possible mechanisms for the gastroprotective effects of MSE. MSE provided remarkable protective effects, comparable to those of rebamipide, in ethanol- and diclofenac-induced acute gastritis. In addition, it has demonstrated protective effect in a Helicobacter pylori-insulted chronic gastritis model. MSE also showed wound healing effect on cutaneous injury of mice and stimulated calcitonin gene-related peptide and somatostatin receptors, which may be related to its anti-gastritis effects. In a single oral dose toxicity study, the approximate lethal dose of MSE was determined at >2000 mg/kg/day. The NOAEL was set to be 2000 mg/kg/day from the repeated oral dose toxicity study. Moreover, momordica saponin I, a major ingredient of MSE, treatment decreased gastric mucosa damage indices in the ethanol- and diclofenac-induced acute gastritis models. The results suggest that MSE could be a promising gastroprotective herbal medicine and momordica saponin I might be used as an active marker compound for MSE.
What You Say and How You Say it: Joint Modeling of Topics and Discourse in Microblog Conversations (2019)

This paper presents an unsupervised framework for jointly modeling topic content and discourse behavior in microblog conversations. Concretely, we propose a neural model to discover word clusters indicating what a conversation concerns (i.e., topics) and those reflecting how participants voice their opinions (i.e., discourse). 1 Extensive experiments show that our model can yield both coherent topics and meaningful discourse behavior. Further study shows that our topic and discourse representations can benefit the classification of microblog messages, especially when they are jointly trained with the classifier. Our data sets and code are available at: http://github.com/zengjichuan/Topic_Disc .
Comment on “Oxidation of alloys containing aluminum and diffusion in Al2O3” [J. Appl. Phys. 95, 3217 (2004)] (2005)

Three problems have been identified with this recently published paper: (1) The author claims that alumina scales do not satisfy the conditions necessary to apply the Wagner oxidation theory. Reassessment of several of the author’s proposed nine criteria indicates that Wagner’s theory does apply. (2) The author repeatedly mentions a lack of correlation between oxidation rates and diffusion rates and their different activation energies. It is shown that reasonable oxidation rates can be calculated from the extrapolated grain-boundary diffusion relationships. (3) The author proposes a mechanism for the growth of alumina scales involving the transport of a neutral AlO species. This mechanism is inconsistent with repeated experimental results indicating that the growth of alumina scales is by charged species and that the alumina growth rate can be altered by an applied current.
DIETARY CHOLINE: BIOCHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND PHARMACOLOGY (1981)

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
Cellulose Microcrystal Film of High Uniaxial Orientation (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTCellulose Microcrystal Film of High Uniaxial OrientationNishiyama Yoshiharu, Kuga Shigenori, Wada Masahisa, and Okano TakeshiView Author Information Laboratory of Structural Biopolymers, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 1997, 30, 20, 6395–6397Publication Date (Web):October 6, 1997Publication History Received14 April 1997Revised10 June 1997Published online6 October 1997Published inissue 1 October 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma970503yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma970503yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2510Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cellulose,Crystals,Gels,Layers,Suspensions Get e-Alerts
Spherical Structures Composed of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Formation Mechanism and Catalytic Performance (2012)

Structured catalyst: A new strategy was used to produce carbon nanotube monoliths by a solid-phase process that was well characterized by in situ techniques. The synthesized spherical nanoparticles display extremely high selectivity in the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethylbenzene (see scheme).
Viral Concentration Determination Through Plaque Assays: Using Traditional and Novel Overlay Systems (2014)

Plaque assays remain one of the most accurate methods for the direct quantification of infectious virons and antiviral substances through the counting of discrete plaques (infectious units and cellular dead zones) in cell culture. Here we demonstrate how to perform a basic plaque assay, and how differing overlays and techniques can affect plaque formation and production. Typically solid or semisolid overlay substrates, such as agarose or carboxymethyl cellulose, have been used to restrict viral spread, preventing indiscriminate infection through the liquid growth medium. Immobilized overlays restrict cellular infection to the immediately surrounding monolayer, allowing the formation of discrete countable foci and subsequent plaque formation. To overcome the difficulties inherent in using traditional overlays, a novel liquid overlay utilizing microcrystalline cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium has been increasingly used as a replacement in the standard plaque assay. Liquid overlay plaque assays can be readily performed in either standard 6 or 12 well plate formats as per traditional techniques and require no special equipment. Due to its liquid state and subsequent ease of application and removal, microculture plate formats may alternatively be utilized as a rapid, accurate and high throughput alternative to larger scale viral titrations. Use of a non heated viscous liquid polymer offers the opportunity to streamline work, conserves reagents, incubator space, and increases operational safety when used in traditional or high containment labs as no reagent heating or glassware are required. Liquid overlays may also prove more sensitive than traditional overlays for certain heat labile viruses.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS PROPERTIES OF THE ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AMISULPRIDE IN C57BL/6 MICE (2014)

Amisulpride, a benzamide derivative, is an atypical antipsychotic drug used to treat both schizophrenia and depression. Amisulpride is a selective antagonist at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors and at serotonin 5-HT2B and 5-HT7 receptors and displays an atypical clinical profile with reduced extrapyramidal motor effects. The drug has a chiral center and is a mixture of two optical isomers: (S)-amisulpride and (R)-amisulpride. The present study used a two-lever drug discrimination assay to allow a direct comparison between amisulpride and its two isomers. Additionally, substitution testing was conducted with the typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, the anxiolytic chlordiazepoxide, several benzamide derivatives, and selective ligands with receptor mechanisms relevant to amisulpride. C57BL/6 mice were trained to discriminate 10 mg/kg rac-amisulpride from vehicle in a two-lever drug discrimination task for food reinforcement in an average of 35.7 sessions (range 6-89). The amisulpride dose-response curve (0.078 – 10.0 mg/kg) yielded an ED50 = 0.64 mg/kg, 95% CI [.47, 0.84 mg/kg]. The isomers fully substituted for amisulpride with a significant left-ward shift in the dose-response curve for (S)-amisulpride as compared to rac-amisulpride and (R)-amisulpride. The benzamide derivatives sulpiride and the (S)-sulpiride isomer fully substituted for amisulpride; tiapride produced partial substitution (76.4% DLR); none of the other tested drugs substituted for rac-amisulpride’s discriminative stimulus. These results showed that the rac-amisulpride stimulus was readily acquired in C57BL/6 mice, and that it has a unique and robust discriminative stimulus that is dose-dependent, time-dependent and stereoselective and is not shared with other antipsychotic or antidepressant drugs.
Multicommodity demand flow in a tree and packing integer programs (2007)

We consider requests for capacity in a given tree network T = ( V , E ) where each edge e of the tree has some integer capacity u e . Each request f is a node pair with an integer demand d f and a profit w f which is obtained if the request is satisfied. The objective is to find a set of demands that can be feasibly routed in the tree and which provides a maximum profit. This generalizes well-known problems, including the knapsack and b -matching problems. When all demands are 1, we have the integer multicommodity flow problem. Garg et al. [1997] had shown that this problem is NP-hard and gave a 2-approximation algorithm for the cardinality case (all profits are 1) via a primal-dual algorithm. Our main result establishes that the integrality gap of the natural linear programming relaxation is at most 4 for the case of arbitrary profits. Our proof is based on coloring paths on trees and this has other applications for wavelength assignment in optical network routing. We then consider the problem with arbitrary demands. When the maximum demand d max is at most the minimum edge capacity u min , we show that the integrality gap of the LP is at most 48. This result is obtained by showing that the integrality gap for the demand version of such a problem is at most 11.542 times that for the unit-demand case. We use techniques of Kolliopoulos and Stein [2004, 2001] to obtain this. We also obtain, via this method, improved algorithms for line and ring networks. Applications and connections to other combinatorial problems are discussed.
A Reduced Reference Video Quality Metric For Avc/H.264 (2007)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Poznan, Poland, 2007
Task‐based detectability in CT image reconstruction by filtered backprojection and penalized likelihood estimation (2014)

Analytical models for task-based FBP and PL reconstruction are predictive of nonstationary noise and resolution characteristics, providing a valuable framework for understanding and optimizing system performance in CT and CBCT.
Proteomic analysis of androgen-independent growth in low and high passage human LNCaP prostatic adenocarcinoma cells (2008)

The present study compared the proteomic characteristics of a low passage number (L-33) and high passage number (H-81) LNCaP cell clone. Marked differences in protein expression were noted in the response of L-33 and H-81 cells to androgens. To investigate if regulation of these proteins was androgen-dependent, expression of the androgen receptor was silenced via small interfering RNA. Consistent with the proteomic data, abrogation of androgen receptor production in H-81 cells resulted in the reversed expression level into L-33 cells compared with non-treated H-81 LNCaP cells. The results clarify the progression into an androgen-independent phenotype.