gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SCRAP: Architecture for signature-based protection from Code Reuse Attacks (2013)

Code Reuse Attacks (CRAs) recently emerged as a new class of security exploits. CRAs construct malicious programs out of small fragments (gadgets) of existing code, thus eliminating the need for code injection. Existing defenses against CRAs often incur large performance overheads or require extensive binary rewriting and other changes to the system software. In this paper, we examine a signature-based detection of CRAs, where the attack is detected by observing the behavior of programs and detecting the gadget execution patterns. We first demonstrate that naive signature-based defenses can be defeated by introducing special “delay gadgets” as part of the attack. We then show how a software-configurable signature-based approach can be designed to defend against such stealth CRAs, including the attacks that manage to use longer-length gadgets. The proposed defense (called SCRAP) can be implemented entirely in hardware using simple logic at the commit stage of the pipeline. SCRAP is realized with minimal performance cost, no changes to the software layers and no implications on binary compatibility. Finally, we show that SCRAP generates no false alarms on a wide range of applications.
X-Ray Diffraction Studies in the 100 Kilobar Pressure Range (1962)

A new technique using ``amorphous'' boron as a pressure vessel yields satisfactory Debye—Scherrer patterns for substances subjected to quasi-hydrostatic pressures ranging up to at least 150 kbar. The pressure attained depends on sample size and its compressibility. In general, the pressure attained is higher for the more incompressible substances. The following substances have been used to test the apparatus: Fe, NaCl, KCl, AgCl, CaCO3, and NaNO3. Evidence for polymorphic transitions was found for all substances except NaCl. The changes in lattice spacings and the observed transformations are consistent with the transition pressures and volume decrements determined by Bridgman or by shock-wave experiments in the case of Fe. The high-pressure structures are tentatively identified.
5-Fluorouracil and folinic acid in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. (1987)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1987.5.9.1492 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3305796 5-Fluorouracil and folinic acid in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. C ErlichmanxC ErlichmanSearch for articles by this author , S FinexS FineSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1987.5.9.1492 PDF "5-Fluorouracil and folinic acid in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 5(9), pp. 1492–1493© 1987 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Molybdenum and tungsten manufactured by selective laser melting: Analysis of defect structure and solidification mechanisms (2019)

In this work, processing of molybdenum and tungsten by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is analyzed. The study reveals the impact of the oxygen content of the powder, the process atmosphere and the temperature of the substrate plate on the structural and mechanical properties of the processed material. For clarifying the causes and mechanisms for the formation of defects in molybdenum and tungsten processed by SLM, the samples were examined by x-ray, scanning and transmission electron microscopy including elemental distribution maps and crystallographic analyses by electron backscatter diffraction. Impurities, mainly oxygen, were identified as cause for the predominant defect structure comprising cracks and residual porosity. During processing, oxygen in the form of molybdenum/tungsten oxide, segregates at the grain boundaries, thereby inducing hot cracking. This is due to the lower melting point of the eutectic compared to the matrix phase. Moreover, the oxygen impurities were found to weaken the grain boundaries and thus increasing the risk for cold cracking and leading to a higher Ductile-to-Brittle Transition Temperature (DBTT). Subsequently, the combination of cracks through hot cracking at planar solidified grain boundaries and cold cracking along weakened grain boundaries during rapid cooling from the melting point creates the crack network generally found in molybdenum and tungsten processed by SLM. Also a substrate plate temperature of 1000 °C does not prevent the formation of cracks in tungsten caused by oxygen segregations.
A Dynamic RAM Imaging Display Technology Utilizing Silicon Blackbody Emitters (1987)

A five-year independent research and development effort at Lockheed Missiles & Space Company (LMSC) has produced a multiple dynamic target simulation (MDS) technology based upon silicon structures. This technology addresses the need for realistic ground simul-ations of large numbers of objects in the testing of infrared sensors. Individually controllable blackbody radiators, analog sample and hold circuits, shift register addressing circuitry, and dynamic random access memory (RAM) circuitry, all silicon based, make up the large target plane arrays of regularly spaced emitters. This paper presents the current state of development of performance capabilities of LMSC's MDS technology, based upon measurement results. A companion paper' presents a detailed description of the techniques used to generate these structures.
Relative significance of nursery infections and orchard inoculum in the development and spread of apple canker ( <i>Nectria galligen</i> a) in young orchards (2003)

Three nurseries produced apple rootstocks (M9) and budwood (cv. Royal Gala), which they exchanged at the end of the first year. Each nursery then budded its own budwood onto the rootstocks it had produced and that from the other two nurseries. Budded trees were grown on for a further year before being planted at HRI, East Malling in southern England; NIHPBS, Loughgall in Northern Ireland; and ADAS, Rosemaund in the West Midlands of England. Canker development was monitored twice a year. The position of the infected trees within the orchard was recorded, as was the position of the canker on each tree (main‐stem or peripheral). Nectria galligena was isolated from representative cankers and analysed using molecular techniques. At the sites in Northern Ireland and HRI there was a strong positional effect, especially of peripheral cankers, indicating that most of the inoculum was external and had been spread from neighbouring orchards. There was little or no positional effect on main‐stem cankers at any of the three sites. The proportions of different isolates taken from peripheral cankers was different in Northern Ireland from that in England, suggesting different populations associated with the geographic areas. In contrast, the populations of N. galligena obtained from main‐stem cankers were very similar in England and Northern Ireland. It was concluded that a small proportion of trees developing canker were infected during propagation, with no symptom development until after planting. In a second trial it was demonstrated that trees infected during the propagation phase, and particularly at budding and heading back, could develop canker up to 3 years later. While it is clear that some canker developing in the orchard can be associated with the nursery of production, in climatic conditions conducive to the formation and dissemination of conidia, inoculum from surrounding infected orchards is the primary source of the pathogen. Aerial spread is therefore an essential element of the epidemiology of N. galligena , and its control is a crucial part of any canker‐control programme.
An LSA-mode transferred-electron-diode oscillator for microstrip (1970)

A microstrip cavity is described for transferred-electron diodes operated in the LSA mode.
Quantum Limit of Quality Factor in Silicon Micro and Nano Mechanical Resonators (2013)

Micromechanical resonators are promising replacements for quartz crystals for timing and frequency references owing to potential for compactness, integrability with CMOS fabrication processes, low cost, and low power consumption. To be used in high performance reference application, resonators should obtain a high quality factor. The limit of the quality factor achieved by a resonator is set by the material properties, geometry and operating condition. Some recent resonators properly designed for exploiting bulk-acoustic resonance have been demonstrated to operate close to the quantum mechanical limit for the quality factor and frequency product (Q-f). Here, we describe the physics that gives rise to the quantum limit to the Q-f product, explain design strategies for minimizing other dissipation sources, and present new results from several different resonators that approach the limit.
Example-based analysis and synthesis for images of human faces (1996)

We describe image-based synthesis techniques that make possible the creation of computer models of real human faces. The computer model is built using example images of the face, bypassing the need for any three-dimensional models. Intermediate views are synthesized through the use of a trained learning network which associates each of the example images with a set of pose and expression parameters. Control of the model is achieved by using the trained network to synthesize a new image of the face for any desired setting of pose and expression parameters. Specifically, we describe the creation of . a model that synthesizes vertical and horizontal pose movements of the head . a model that synthesizes various mouth expressions, and . a model that synthesizes pose movements, eye movements, and mouth movements combined. We will also describe analysis techniques to &quot;analyze&quot; novel image streams of the same human face using the trained synthesis networks. For each incoming novel frame, ...
The role of the EGFR signaling in tumor microenvironment (2007)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family comprehends four different tyrosine kinases (EGFR, ErbB-2, ErbB-3, and ErbB-4) that are activated following binding to epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factors. It has been long established that the EGFR system is involved in tumorigenesis. These proteins are frequently expressed in human carcinomas and support proliferation and survival of cancer cells. However, activation of the EGFR in non-malignant cell populations of the neoplastic microenvironment might also play an important role in cancer progression. EGFR signaling regulates in tumor cells the synthesis and secretion of several different angiogenic growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Overexpression of ErbB-2 also leads to increased expression of angiogenic growth factors, whereas treatment with anti-EGFR or anti-ErbB-2 agents produces a significant reduction of the synthesis of these proteins by cancer cells. EGFR expression and function in tumor-associated endothelial cells has also been described. Therefore, EGFR signaling might regulate angiogenesis both directly and indirectly. In addition, activation of EGFR is involved in the pathogenesis of bone metastases. Within the bone marrow microenvironment, cancer cells stimulate the synthesis of osteoclastogenic factors by residing stromal cells, a phenomenon that leads to bone destruction. It has been shown that EGFR signaling regulates the ability of bone marrow stromal cells to produce osteoclastogenic factors and to sustain osteoclast activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that the EGFR system is an important mediator, within the tumor microenvironment, of autocrine and paracrine circuits that result in enhanced tumor growth.
A new aqueous biphasic system containing polypropylene glycol and a water‐miscible ionic liquid (2011)

In this work, we proposed a novel aqueous biphasic system (ABS) composed of polypropylene glycol P400 (PPG P400) and hydrophilic ionic liquids (IL), 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (alkyl = ethyl or butyl), forming an upper polymer-rich phase and a lower IL-rich phase at ambient temperature. This new ABS can present interesting characteristics shared by ILs and polymers such as low volatility, good solvation ability, tunable physical properties, and high design capacity for achieving task-specific phase components to enhance the partitioning of target species. Ternary phase diagram of the novel ABS formed by PPG 400 and [C(2) mim]Br in water was measured at T = 298.15 K. Factors affecting the binodal curves such as the cation side alkyl chain length and the temperature were also evaluated. The results were successfully interpreted in terms of the kosmotropic/chaotropic nature of ILs. Furthermore, the phase behavior of the PPG-[C(2) mim]Br ABS is described by the NRTL model. Finally, the extraction potential of the proposed ABS was evaluated through its application to the extraction of the essential amino acids such as L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine. The partition coefficients here obtained demonstrated the fine potential of the proposed ABS for biomolecules separation.
Administrative Domain: Security Enhancement for Virtual TPM (2010)

Trusted computing has been introduced into virtualization as an approach of providing trust in a computing platform. However, the primitive design of privileged domain menaces virtual TPMs with oversize of trusted computing base, leading to security vulnerabilities. This paper proposes a new administrative domain (Domain A), an architecture that prevents virtual TPMs from tampers. We port the VTPM components from the privileged domain to Domain A. We begin with reviewing the Xen virtual TPM architecture and depicting the attack in Xen. Then, the Domain A-based scheme is described with the design principle and implementation of porting virtual TPM manager and TPM drivers to Domain A. Finally, its security value is analyzed with evidences to prove validation and worth of the new architecture.
Low-Level Image Features for Real-Time Object Detection (2010)

This contribution presents the Local Rank Differences/Patterns low-level image feature extractor and its efficient implementations on several hardware architectures. This image feature set was not only developed to provide equal classification performance as its stateof-the-art alternatives, but to be executed much more efficiently in hardware implementations ­ either programmable hardware (FPGA) or custom specialized chips (ASIC). However, the feature set performs well also on more conventional platforms based on processors. The measurements given in section 4 show that the speed achieved by using Local Rank Functions ­ namely Local Rank Differences (the special case) ­ is interesting. The baseline implementation outperformed the state-of-the-art Haar wavelets (especially in case of higher resolutions), and the hardware-accelerated implementations speeded-up the baseline LRD implementations more than by order of magnitude. Measurements show that the performance on the GPU's is equal for CUDA and GLSL programming. Considering that CUDA is much more intuitive and compatible to standard C language programming, the conclusion can be drawn that CUDA (or possibly OpenCL in near future) is a good selection for exploiting graphics hardware for non-rendering tasks, such as object detection. Future work should include exploiting more general Local Rank Functions and conducting further investigation of the combinations of the features with more traditional ones.
Facile Solid‐State Synthesis of Highly Conducting Poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (2003)

Geringes Erhitzen genügt, um kristallines 2,5-Dibrom-3,4-ethylendioxythiophen in ein gut leitendes, bromdotiertes Poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophen) (PEDOT) zu überführen. Die Leitfähigkeit des Polymers kann durch Dotierung mit Iod weiter erhöht werden. Mit dieser Methode können auch dünne Filme von PEDOT mit einer Leitfähigkeit bis 20 S cm−1 auf nichtleitenden Kunststoffoberflächen einfach hergestellt werden (siehe Bild).
Thermoplastic starch/layered silicate composites: structure, interaction, properties (2005)

Abstract Composites were prepared from thermoplastic starch and layered silicates organophilized with different surfactants. Sodium montmorillonite and silicates treated with aminododecanoic acid, stearyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium chloride and distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride surfactants, respectively, were added to plasticized starch in amounts of 0–7 vol%. Changes in the structure of the composites were followed by X-ray diffraction. Dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile tests were carried out to obtain information about the mechanical properties of the composites. The degradation of starch was followed by the measurement of colour, and water absorption was also determined on selected samples. The results revealed that, in spite of the wide variety of organophilization, no or only limited exfoliation took place during the homogenization of the composites. On the other hand, practically all components of the system entered into interaction with each other. Competitive dissolution and adsorption of the surfactant and the plasticizer took place in the composites. The occurrence of chemical reactions cannot be excluded either in the case of the silicate modified with the amino acid. The type and strength of interaction determine the properties of the composites. The reinforcing effect of the silicates varies in a wide range: the amino acid modified clay improves strength almost ten times as much as the silicate treated with the aliphatic amine surfactant. Changes in all other properties including viscosity, colour and water adsorption correspond to those observed in strength and are dominated by interactions. Keywords: THERMOPLASTIC STARCHLAYERED SILICATESORGANOPHILIC CLAYNANOCOMPOSITESINTERFACIAL INTERACTION
Interaction of aromatic hydrocarbon excited singlet states with 2-azidobiphenyl (1969)

Markedly different results are reported for ketone- and aromatic hydrocarbon-sensitized decomposition of 2-azidobiphenyl: the ketones transfer triplet excitation to the azide, and the aromatic hydrocarbons singlet energy.
In vitro infection of primary and retrovirus-infected human leukocytes by human foamy virus (1996)

The infectivity of human foamy virus (HFV) was examined in primary and cultured human leukocytes. Cell-free infectious viral stocks of HFV were prepared from the human kidney cell line 293 transfected with an infectious molecular clone of HFV. HFV productively infects a variety of human myeloid and lymphoid cell lines. In addition, primary cell cultures enriched for human CD4+, monocytes and brain-derived microglial cells, were readily infected by HFV. Interestingly, while infected primary CD4+ lymphocytes and microglial cells showed marked cytopathology characteristic of foamy virus, HFV-infected monocyte-derived macrophages failed to show any cytopathology. In addition, marked cytotoxicity due to HFV infection was seen in both human T-cell leukemia virus type 1- and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected T-cell lines and in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected monocytoid cell lines. Thus, HFV infection produces differential cytopathology in a wide host range of primary human leukocytes and hematopoietic cell lines.
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Problem via H^|^infin; Filter Considering Finite Escape Time (2012)

This paper deals with the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping problem via H∞ filter considering finite escape time. The estimation via H∞ filter occurs finite escape time depending on the value of the parameter γ and then the estimation fails or deteriorates. In order to avoid it, we propose a novel algorithm of the update equation of the filter gain. The convergence of the error covariance matrices are proven. In simulation and experimental results, the avoidance of the finite escape time and the correctness of derived theorems for the convergence are confirmed and then we can show robot's state and environment information can be estimated.
On orthogonal probability measures (1953)

Definitions. Let X be an arbitrary set, f( a Borel-field of some subsets B of X, and W(t) the family of all probability defined on C, i.e. the totality of all countably additive, non-negative functions m(B), B Ez, for which m(X) = 1. Henceforth the word denotes an element of 2W(1) and the expression set of measures a subset of 9)(4). Two m and m' have been called equivalent (notation: m-m', as for example in [1]), if m'(B) =0 for every B in o/ for which m(B) = 0 and mr(B) = 0 for every B in C for which m'(B) = 0. A corresponding notion for sets of has been defined in [3] by Halmos and Savage in the following way: Two sets of M = { m I and Al' = { m' } are called equivalent (notation: M.-'M'), if whenever m(B) =0 for all m in M, B in /,, then m'(B) =0 for all m' in M' and, conversely, whenever m'(B) = 0 for all m' in M', B in 1, then m(B) = 0 for all m in M. Further, Halmos and Savage call a of M = { m } dominated (notation: M <jtu), if there exists a measure ,u such that m(B) =0 for every m in M, whenever ,u(B) = 0, B Ez?,. Having established this terminology, HalmosSavage prove the following lemma, which will be used later:
Panning transfected cells for electrophysiological studies. (1993)

Panning was used to select co-transfected cells expressing plasmid-encoded ion channels. Adherent cells were cotransfected by the CaPO4 method with a plasmid encoding a cell surface marker (CD8) along with another plasmid encoding an ion channel. At 1-3 days post-transfection, the cells were suspended, treated with a biotinylated CD8-specific antibody and placed into streptavidin-coated bacterial petri dishes. After 2 h, these dishes were washed with a saline solution to remove cells that did not adhere to the streptavidin-coated dishes. By using molar ratios of > or = 8:1 of the ion channel encoding plasmid to the CD8 plasmid, we found that > or = 50% of the panned cells that adhered to coated dishes were positive for expression of the co-selected gene. Cells expressing plasmid-encoded channels (voltage-dependent sodium channels or cystic fibrosis transregulator chloride channels) were assayed using whole-cell recording, perforated-patch recording and single-channel recording. The method was tested on tsA201 and NIH3T3 cells, the latter of which transfected very poorly (usually < 4% efficiency) with our standard protocols. When the co-selected plasmid encoded the bacterial beta-galactosidase gene, it was possible to determine by histological assay the percentage of positively transfected cells (with and without panning). Panning in some cases increased the percentage of positively cotransfected cells by more than 20-fold. This technique is particularly useful when selecting co-transfected cells for electro-physiological recordings on individual cells.
Expression of the Functional Leptin Receptor mRNA in Pancreatic Islets and Direct Inhibitory Action of Leptin on Insulin Secretion (1997)

Leptin, encoded for by the mouse ob gene, regulates feeding behavior and energy metabolism. Its receptor (Ob-R) is encoded by the mouse diabetic (db) gene and is mutated in the db/db mouse so that it lacks the cytoplasmic domain. We show that the full-length leptin receptor (Ob-Rb), which is believed to transmit the leptin signal, is expressed in pancreatic islets of ob/ob and wild-type mice, as well as in hypothalamus, liver, kidney, spleen, and heart. Recombinant leptin inhibited basal insulin release in the perfused pancreas preparation from ob/ob mice but not in that from Zucker fa/fa rats. Leptin (1-100 nmol/l) also produced a dose-dependent inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by isolated islets from ob/ob mice. In contrast, leptin at maximum effective concentration (100 nmol/l) did not inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by islets from db/db mice. These results provide evidence that a functional leptin receptor is present in pancreatic islets and suggest that leptin overproduction, particularly from abdominal adipose tissue, may modify directly both basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.