gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric properties of Ge2Sb2Te5 phase-change films (2013)

The static (εs) and high-frequency (ε∞) dielectric constants of amorphous and NaCl-type crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 were measured and the relaxation effects in films were studied using impedance spectroscopy. On the basis of a simple method that allows obtaining the dielectric constant in the low resistivity planar structure, static and high frequency dielectric constants and their temperature dependencies were calculated in both phases. A surprising value of εs ≈ 750 in crystalline films was obtained, but the effective dielectric constant, εeff, estimated from the Maxwell-Wagner effective medium model, is significantly lower (εeff ≈ 34.9). Such a high value of εs obtained by electrical impedance measurements has been explained by Maxwell-Wagner relaxation, the separation of charges at the interface between grains and grain boundaries. Additionally, three relaxation processes (alpha, beta, and Ohmic relaxation) were observed in the amorphous phase and four relaxations (dipolar relaxation of grains, Ohmic relaxation of grains, dipolar relaxation of grain boundaries, and Maxwell-Wagner relaxation) were observed in the crystalline phase. From these results, a new rule for the selection of materials for optical phase-change data storage is proposed: polycrystalline films must have a high volume fraction of grain boundaries. This requirement increases the effective dielectric constant and the reflectance contrast between amorphous and crystalline phases.
A 77GHz Phased-Array Transmitter with Local LO-Path Phase-Shifting in Silicon (2006)

A fully integrated 77GHz 4-element phased-array transmitter in 0.12mum SiGe BiCMOS based on a continuous local phase shifting approach is presented. Each element generates +12.5dBm output power at 77GHz and has 34dB gain from baseband to RF with a bandwidth of 2.5GHz. The chip demonstrates successful beam-steering at 77GHz
The Prisoner as Master of His Own Lawsuit: The Interpretation of Prisoners' §1983 Civl Rights Claims After Wilkinson v. Dotson (2014)

With the approval of pembrolizumab for first- and second-line treatment of PD-L1+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), PD-L1 testing by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become a necessity. However, the DAKO autostainer ASL48 for the FDA approved DAKO 22C3 pharmDx assay is not broadly available in Switzerland and other parts of Europe. The primary goal of this study was to cross-validate the 22C3 anti-PD-L1 antibody on Benchmark Ultra (VBMU) and Leica Bond (LBO) immunostainers. IHC protocols were developed for 22C3 on both platforms with the 22C3phDx using ASL48 as reference. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed from 23 NSCLC specimens with a range of PD-L1 staining results. Empty TMA sections and the 22C3 antibody were distributed to 16 participants for staining on VBMU (8 centers) and/or LBO (12 centers) using the centrally developed protocols. Additionally the performance of the Ventana SP263 assay was tested in five centers. IHC scoring was performed centrally. Categorical PD-L1 staining (0-49% vs. 50-100%) did not significantly differ between centers using VBMU, whereas data from LBO were highly variable (p < 0.001). The SP263 assay was well concordant with 22C3 on VBMU and with 22C3 pharmDx. PD-L1 IHC using a standardized 22C3 protocol on VBMU provides satisfactory results in most centers. The SP263 assay is confirmed as a valid alternative to 22C3 pharmDx. 22C3 PD-L1 IHC on LBO shows major staining variability between centers, highlighting the need for local validation and adjustment of protocols.
Summary Abstract: ‘‘<i>I</i> <i>n</i> <i>s</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>u</i>’’ contacts to GaAs based on InAs (1987)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation S. L Wright, E. Marshall, R. F. Marks, T. N. Jackson, S. Tiwari, H. Baratte; Summary Abstract: ‘‘In situ’’ contacts to GaAs based on InAs. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 1 May 1987; 5 (3): 777. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.583747 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology B Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Mechanism of self-diffusion in diamond (1988)

It is shown via state-of-the-art theoretical calculations that self-diffusion in diamond is dominated by vacancies, independent of the position of the Fermi level. This is very different from self-diffusion in silicon and germanium, where vacancies, interstitials, and direct-exchange mechanisms all have comparable activation energies. The dominance of the vacancy mechanism is due to the stiffness of diamond bonds, which precludes bond twisting and large relaxations, and to the high electronic density and the large band gap in diamond, which result in a strongly repulsive potential-energy surface for self-interstitials.
WaistonBelt X: A Belt-Type Wearable Device with Sensing and Intervention Toward Health Behavior Change (2019)

Changing behavior related to improper lifestyle habits has attracted attention as a solution to prevent lifestyle diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, arteriosclerosis, and stroke. To drive health behavior changes, wearable devices are needed, and they must not only provide accurate sensing and visualization functions but also effective intervention functions. In this paper, we propose a health support system, WaistonBelt X, that consists of a belt-type wearable device with sensing and intervention functions and a smartphone application. WaistonBelt X can automatically measure a waistline with a magnetometer that detects the movements of a blade installed in the buckle, and monitor the basic activities of daily living with inertial sensors. Furthermore, WaistonBelt X intervenes with the user to correct lifestyle habits by using a built-in vibrator. Through evaluation experiments, we confirmed that our proposed device achieves measurement of the circumference on the belt position (mean absolute error of 0.93 cm) and basic activity recognition (F1 score of 0.95) with high accuracy. In addition, we confirmed that the intervention via belt vibration effectively improves the sitting posture of the user.
Comprehensive Improvement Technology Research on Marine Shot Blasting Machine (2015)

The number of impeller head is short in the original shot blasting machine, and the distance between the pretreatment of steel plate is too far to have enough rust removal ability. Based on these problems, researchers respectively added one impeller head both on the top and bottom of the machine, shortened the underside installation height, and adjusted the angle of impeller heads. The practice proved that the new improved shot blasting machine was satisfied with the requirement of the pretreatment.
Interferon-Stimulated Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases Are Potent Inhibitors of Cellular Translation and Virus Replication (2013)

The innate immune response is the first line of defense against most viral infections. Its activation promotes cell signaling, which reduces virus replication in infected cells and leads to induction of the antiviral state in yet-uninfected cells. This inhibition of virus replication is a result of the activation of a very broad spectrum of specific cellular genes, with each of their products usually making a small but detectable contribution to the overall antiviral state. The lack of a strong, dominant function for each gene product and the ability of many viruses to interfere with the development of the antiviral response strongly complicate identification of the antiviral activity of the activated individual cellular genes. However, we have previously developed and applied a new experimental system which allows us to define a critical function of some members of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family in clearance of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus mutants from infected cells. In this new study, we demonstrate that PARP7, PARP10, and the long isoform of PARP12 (PARP12L) function as important and very potent regulators of cellular translation and virus replication. The translation inhibition and antiviral effect of PARP12L appear to be mediated by more than one protein function and are a result of its direct binding to polysomes, complex formation with cellular RNAs (which is determined by both putative RNA-binding and PARP domains), and catalytic activity. IMPORTANCE The results of this study demonstrate that interferon-stimulated gene products PARP7, PARP10, and PARP12L are potent inhibitors of the replication of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and other alphaviruses. The inhibitory functions are determined by more than a single mechanism, and one of them is based on the ability of these proteins to regulate cellular translation. Interference with the cellular translational machinery depends on the integrity of both the amino-terminal domain, containing a number of putative RNA-binding motifs, and the catalytic function of the carboxy-terminal PARP domain. The PARP-induced changes in translation efficiency appear to have a more potent effect on the synthesis of virus-specific proteins than on that of cellular proteins, thus making PARP-specific translational downregulation an important contributor to the overall development of the antiviral response.
Investigation into temperature variation of equivalent-circuit parameters of AT-cut quartz crystal resonators (1981)

Despite the abundance of published information on the variation of resonant frequency with temperature of AT-cut quartz crystals, no work has been reported on the temperature variation of the equivalent-circuit elements. Measurements of the change in motional capacitance with temperature are reported in the paper. Results showed that motional capacitance increased linearly over the temperature range – 10 to 70°C. This increase was nearly three orders of magnitude greater than the change in crystal resonant frequency. Clearly, a corresponding decrease in motional inductance must occur to yield the observed frequency/temperature behaviour of AT-cut crystals. The apparent change in angle of cut which occurs with capacitive loading of a crystal was found to be a direct consequence of the large temperature coefficient of motional capacitance. Using this information it is now possible to calculate the apparent angle of cut for various load factors, and to predict the temperature behaviour of crystal oscillators more precisely.
The Upstream Muscle-Specific Enhancer of the Rat Muscle Creatine Kinase Gene Is Composed of Multiple Elements (1989)

A series of constructs that links the rat muscle creatine kinase promoter to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene was generated. These constructs were introduced into differentiating mouse C2C12 myogenic cells to localize sequences that are important for up-regulation of the creatine kinase gene during myogenic differentiation. A muscle-specific enhancer element responsible for induction of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression during myogenesis was localized to a 159-base-pair region from 1,031 to 1,190 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. Analysis of transient expression experiments using promoters mutated by deletion indicated the presence of multiple functional domains within this muscle-specific regulatory element. A DNA fragment spanning this region was used in DNase I protection experiments. Nuclear extracts derived from C2 myotubes protected three regions (designated E1, E2, and E3) on this fragment from digestion, which indicated there may be three or more trans-acting factors that interact with the creatine kinase muscle enhancer. Gel retardation assays revealed that factors able to bind specifically to E1, E2, and E3 are present in a wide variety of tissues and cell types. Transient expression assays demonstrated that elements in regions E1 and E3, but not necessarily E2, are required for full enhancer activity.
Reduction in Antioxidant Defenses may Contribute to Ochratoxin A Toxicity and Carcinogenicity (2006)

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a renal carcinogen in rodents. Its human health significance is unclear. It likely depends upon the mechanism of carcinogenesis. In a previous microarray study a reduction in nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent gene expression was observed in the kidney but not in the liver of rats fed OTA up to 12 months. Nrf2 regulates detoxification and antioxidant gene expression. The present report shows that OTA decreased the protein expression of several markers of the Nrf2-regulated gene battery in kidney in vivo indicating that the effects observed at mRNA level may be of biological significance. The OTA-mediated Nrf2 response could be reproduced in an NRK renal cell line and in primary hepatocyte cultures. In in vitro systems, an OTA-mediated inhibition of Nrf2 activity was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift and Antioxidant Regulatory Element-driven luciferase reporter assays. The reduction of Nrf2-regulated gene expression resulted in oxidative DNA damage as evidenced by formation of abasic sites in vitro and confirmed in kidney in vivo. All OTA-mediated effects observed were prevented by pretreatment of cell cultures with inducers of Nrf2 activity. Our data suggest that reduction of cellular defense against oxidative stress by Nrf2 inhibition may be a plausible mechanism of OTA nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity.
Graphene Oxide-Based Membrane as a Protective Barrier against Toxic Vapors and Gases (2020)

Traditional protective garments loaded with activated carbons to remove toxic gases are very bulky. Novel graphene oxide (GO) flake-based composite lamellar membrane structure is being developed as a potential component of a garment for protection against chemical warfare agents (CWAs) represented here by simulants, dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) (a sarin-simulant), and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) (a simulant for sulfur mustard), yet allowing a high-moisture transmission rate. GO flakes of dimensions 300-800 nm, 0.7-1.2 nm thickness and dispersed in an aqueous suspension were formed into a membrane by vacuum filtration on a porous poly(ether sulfone) (PES) or poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) support membrane for noncovalent π-π interactions with GO flakes. After physical compression of such a membrane, upright cup tests indicated that it can block toluene for 3-4 days and DMMP for 5 days while exhibiting excellent water vapor permeation. Further, they display very low permeances for small-molecule gases/vapors. The GO flakes underwent cross-linking later with ethylenediamine (EDA) introduced during the vacuum filtration followed by physical compression and heating. With a further spray coating of polyurethane (PU), these membranes could be bent without losing barrier properties vis-à-vis the CWA simulant DMMP for 5 days; a membrane not subjected to bending blocked DMMP for 15 days. For the PEEK-EDA-GO-PU-compressed membranes after bending, the separation factors of H<sub>2</sub>O over other species for low gas flow rates in the dynamic moisture permeation cell (DMPC) are: α<sub>H<sub>2</sub>O-He</sub> is 42.3; α<sub>H<sub>2</sub>O-N<sub>2</sub></sub> is 110; and α<sub>H<sub>2</sub>O-ethane</sub> is 1800. At higher gas flow rates in the DMPC, the moisture transmission rate goes up considerably due to reduced boundary layer resistances and exceeds the threshold water vapor flux of 2000 g/(m<sup>2</sup>·day) that defines a breathable fabric. This membrane displayed considerable resistance to permeation by CEES as well. The PES-EDA-GO-PU-compressed membrane shows good mechanical property under tensile strength tests.
Controlled epitaxial growth of mesoporous silica/gold nanorod nanolollipops and nanodumb-bells (2014)

In this work, we describe the controlled synthesis of novel heterogeneous nanostructures comprised of mesoporous silica-coated gold nanorods (MSGNRs) in the form of core–shell nanolollipops and nanodumb-bells, using a seed-mediated sol–gel method. Although MSGNR core–shell (θ-MSGNR) structures have been reported previously by us and others, we herein discuss the first ever fabrication of MSGNR nanolollipops (φ-MSGNR) and nanodumb-bells (β-MSGNR), achieved by simply controlling the aging time of gold nanorods (GNRs), the residual cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) coating of GNRs, and the addition of dimethyl formamide during incubation, centrifugation, and sonication, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy revealed two bare GNR isoforms, with aspect ratios of approximately 4 and 6, while scanning electron microscopy was used to further elucidate the morphology of φ-MSGNR and β-MSGNR heterostructures. In agreement with the smaller dielectric constants afforded by incomplete silica encasement, spectroscopic studies of φ-MSGNR and β-MSGNR, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands revealed 20-40 nm blue shifts relative to the SPR of θ-MSGNR. On the basis of the attributes and applications of more conventional θ-MSGNRs, φ-MSGNRs and β-MSGNRs are anticipated to provide most of the utility of θ-MSGNRs, but with the additional functionalities that accompany their incorporation of both bare gold and mesoporous silica encased tips; with significant/unique implications for biomedical and catalytic applications.
Regional Myocardial function in the conscious dog during acute coronary occlusion and responses to morphine, propranolol, nitroglycerin, and lidocaine. (1976)

Regional myocardial function following occlusions of the circumflex coronary artery was studied in unanesthetized dogs using minature ultrasonic crystal pairs implanted subendocardially within the left ventricle for measurement of control, marginal, and ischemic lengths. As early as five beats after coronary occlusion, reduced function was apparent in ischemic zones, and an increase in heart rate occurred (78 to 115 beats/min) at an average of 25 sec. In the control zones, shortening initially increased from a constant end-diastolic length, but later end-diastolic length also increased by 7.5%. Shortening in the marginal zones was reduced by 50% at 90 sec as holosystolic expansion developed in the ischemic zones. On reperfusion, systolic function returned to normal within a few minutes while protodiastolic abnormalities persisted for up to 45 min. With coronary occlusions longer than two minutes most dogs exhibited arousal and further tachycardia; this reaction was prevented by morphine. During two minute occlusions morphine also decreased the heart rate increase by 37%, and marginal segment shortening was improved by 40%. Prior administration of propranolol also decreased heart rate during coronary occlusion and produced similar improvement in marginal segment function; however, in contrast to morphine, there was depression of contraction in the control segments. Nitroglycerin given during coronary occlusion caused decreases in end-diastolic length of all segments and increased shortening in the marginal segment by 28%. Lidocaine administered during coronary occlusion produced a mild depression of myocardial function in all regions of the heart.
Accuracy of Nasal Cannula Pressure Recordings for Assessment of Ventilation during Sleep (2001)

Nasal prong pressure monitoring (PNOSE) is utilized to assess ventilation during sleep. However, it has not been rigorously validated against the gold standard of face-mask pneumotachography (VFM). Therefore, we compared PNOSE with VFM in 20 patients with suspected sleep apnea during nocturnal polysomnography, and analyzed factors affecting accuracy of PNOSE-derived variables. Patients rated their nasal obstruction on a visual analog scale. Mean +/- SE apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) by VFM was 24.0 +/- 5.1 h(-1). The bias (mean difference) and limits of agreement (+/- 2 SD) of AHI derived from PNOSE, and square root-transformed PNOSE, a measure proposed as a surrogate of airflow, were +3.9 (+/- 4.6), and -0.9 (+/- 9.0) h(-1). Subjective scores of nasal obstruction before polysomnographies did not herald inaccuracy of AHI from PNOSE. Square root-transformed PNOSE closely tracked pneumotachographic airflow over 10 breaths (r(2) among signals 0.88 to 0.96) but the relationship among these signals was highly variable if comparisons were extended over an entire night. Compared with face-mask pneumotachography, nasal pressure monitoring provides accurate AHI for clinical purposes even in patients perceiving nasal obstruction. Square-root transformation provides near linear nasal pressure/airflow relationships over a short time but is not essential for estimation of AHI.
[Effects of celecoxib combined with fluvastatin on tumor growth and cell apoptosis in a xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma]. (2010)

The present study provided evidence that treatment with celecoxib in combination with fluvastatin resulted in the inhibition of HCC tumour growth in an in vivo mouse model.
Industrielle Herstellung von optisch aktiver Glutaminsäure durch Totalsynthese (1970)

Abstract Als Ausgangsmaterial zur Herstellung von Mononatrium‐ L ‐glutamat wird Acrylnitril verwendet, das über eine Oxo‐Reaktion zu β‐Cyanpropionaldehyd umgestzt wird, aus dem man dann über eine Strecker‐Reaktion α‐Aminoglutarsäuredinitril erhält. Durch Verseifen gewinnt man DL‐Glutamat. Die optisch isomeren Säuren werden durch Auskristallisieren an optisch reinen Impfkristallen in einem Rührbehälter, der durch Drahtgaze aufgeteilt ist, bei 55 °C getrennt. Die D ‐Säure wird nach Racemisierung in die Trennanlage zurückgeführt. Die Antipoden‐Trennung verläuft fast verlustfrei; die optische Reinheit der L ‐Säure ist größer als 99,75%.
Improved Cyclohexanone Vapor Detection via Gravimetric Sensing (2020)

Functionalized gravimetric sensors are a promising path to small, versatile, real-time vapor sensors for volatile organic compounds. Many of these compounds can be dangerous to human health, but their nonreactive nature makes them notoriously difficult to sense. Unlike bulk acoustic resonators, chemiresistive devices have been investigated extensively and many researchers have used innovative synthesis strategies to functionalize these devices. In this work, we demonstrate how modifying a particular sensitizer for use with a bulk acoustic resonator significantly improves the sensitivity of the device (5 ppm vs. 1.11 ppm). Additionally, readout circuitry is described to avoid some problems that typically plague gravimetric sensors while simplifying the overall system. These strategies create a playbook for simple, fast, and sensitive systems for sensing volatile organic compounds, while also demonstrating the lowest limit of detection for cyclohexanone outside of gas chromatography/mass spectrometery in the literature. [2020-0053].
A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING THYROXINE SECRETION RATE IN THE MOUSE (1973)

ABSTRACT Thyroxine secretion rates in mice may be estimated by a single bleed following injection of a tracer dose of radiothyroxine. Assumptions inherent in the procedure under different experimental conditions are discussed and validated at several environmental temperatures.