gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone morphogenic protein antagonist Drm/gremlin is a novel proangiogenic factor (2006)

Angiogenesis plays a key role in various physiologic and pathologic conditions, including tumor growth. Drm/gremlin, a member the Dan family of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) antagonists, is commonly thought to affect different processes during growth, differentiation, and development by heterodimerizing various BMPs. Here, we identify Drm/gremlin as a novel proangiogenic factor expressed by endothelium. Indeed, Drm/gremlin was purified to homogeneity from the conditioned medium of transformed endothelial cells using an endothelial-cell sprouting assay to follow protein isolation. Accordingly, recombinant Drm/gremlin stimulates endothelial-cell migration and invasion in fibrin and collagen gels, binds with high affinity to various endothelial cell types, and triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins. Also, Drm/gremlin induces neovascularization in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. BMP4 does not affect Drm/gremlin interaction with endothelium, and both molecules exert a proangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo when administered alone or in combination. Finally, Drm/gremlin is produced by the stroma of human tumor xenografts in nude mice, and it is highly expressed in endothelial cells of human lung tumor vasculature when compared with non-neoplastic lung. Our observations point to a novel, previously unrecognized capacity of Drm/gremlin to interact directly with target endothelial cells and to modulate angiogenesis.
Noise analysis of a digital radiography system (1984)

The sources of noise in a digital video subtraction angiography system were identified and analyzed. Signal-to-noise ratios of digital radiography systems were measured using the digital image data recorded in the computer. The major sources of noise include quantum noise, TV camera electronic noise, quantization noise from the analog-to-digital converter, time jitter, structure noise in the image intensifier, and video recorder electronic noise. A new noise source was identified, which results from the interplay of fixed pattern noise and the lack of image registration. This type of noise may result from image-intensifier structure noise in combination with TV camera time jitter or recorder time jitter. A similar noise source is generated from the interplay of patient absorption inhomogeneities and patient motion or image re-registration. Signal-to-noise ratios were measured for a variety of experimental conditions using subtracted digital images. The measured signal-to-noise ratios were found to fluctuate on repeat trials with about a 10% standard deviation. Averaging of video frames was found to reduce the noise level by the expected square root N relation, where N is the number of frames averaged. Image-intensifier structure noise was shown to be a dominant noise source in unsubtracted images at medium to high radiation exposure levels. A total-system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 750:1 was measured for an input exposure of 1 mR/frame at the image intensifier input. The effect of scattered radiation on subtracted image SNR was found to be greater than previously reported. The detail SNR was found to vary approximately as one plus the scatter degradation factor. Quantization error noise with 8-bit image processors (signal-to-noise ratio of 890:1) was shown to be of increased importance after recent improvements in TV cameras. The results of the analysis are useful both in the design of future digital radiography systems and the selection of optimum clinical techniques.
Interaction of lipopolysaccharides with plasma high-density lipoprotein in rats (1980)

The method of crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to investigate early changes in plasma proteins of rats treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Intravenous injection of a smooth (S)- and a rough (R)-form preparation led to alterations in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) precipitation peak. The changes were dose dependent and characteristic for each LPS. The changes were identified as being due to the formation of a complex of LPS with HDL, the complex of the S-form LPS with HDL migrating slower and that of the R-form LPS with HDL migrating faster than free HDL. The fate of the complex was followed in the plasma of injected rats, and it was shown that the R-form LPS complex disappeared after several hours, whereas the S-form LPS complex was still partly present after 2 days. Plasma clearance studies, carried out with 14C-labeled LPS, revealed similar differences in the rate of elimination of the two LPSs. In both cases the time of clearance resembled that of the disappearance of LPS-HDL complex. These results may indicate that HDL represents a transport protein for LPS in plasma to organs of clearance or to other cellular targets.
Mobile advertising in B2C marketing (2006)

There has been lot of projections about the explosive growth of mobile applications and wireless advertising due to high penetration of advance mobile phone around the globe. Recently some form of advertising is being conducted via the wireless devices such as mobile phones, and PDAs. This remarkable development provides opportunity for companies who are innovative to use this medium to reach out to target customers. The purpose of this research was to investigate how organizations use mobile advertising in B2C Marketing. To reach this purpose we have studied two companies, and we tried to find out the factors that affect their decision to adopt mobile advertising, the type effective campaigns and the forms of mobile advertising which is being implemented. We conducted multiple case studies of two European companies. The data were obtained by telephone interviews from two senior executives of the companies.
Community Mining from Signed Social Networks (2007)

Many complex systems in the real world can be modeled as signed social networks that contain both positive and negative relations. Algorithms for mining social networks have been developed in the past, however most of them were designed primarily for networks containing only positive relations and thus not suitable for signed networks. In this work, we propose a new algorithm, called FEC, to mine signed social networks so that both positive within-group relations and negative between-group relations are dense. FEC considers both the sign and the density of relations as the clustering attributes, making itself effective for not only signed networks but also conventional social networks including only positive relations. Also, FEC adopts an agent-based heuristic that makes the algorithm efficient (in linear time with respect to the size of a network) and capable of giving nearly optimal solutions. FEC depends on only one parameter whose value can easily be set, and requires no prior knowledge on hidden community structures. The effectiveness and efficacy of FEC have been demonstrated through a set of rigorous experiments involving both benchmark and randomly-generated signed networks.
Embedding Semantics in LDA Topic Models (2010)

This chapter investigates the role of semantic embedding in two main directions. The first is to embed semantics from an external prior-knowledge source to enhance the generative process of the model parameters. The second direction which suits the online knowledge discovery problem is to embed data-driven semantics. The idea is to construct the current latent Dirichlet alglocation (LDA) model based on information propagated from topic models that were learned from previously seen documents of the domain. The chapter focuses on three major advancements to solve the problem such as vector space modeling, latent semantic analysis and probabilistic latent semantic analysis. It introduces the LDA topic model with a brief description of its graphical model and generative process and the posterior inference. The chapter investigates the role of embedding semantics from a source by enhancing the generative process of the model parameters. It provides an online version of LDA, namely OLDA. Controlled Vocabulary Terms Graphical model; Probabilistic latent semantic analysis; probability
Recent Progress in Asymmetric Ion‐Pairing Catalysis with Ammonium Salts (2018)

Quaternary ammonium salts play an important role in asymmetric catalysis. In this Minireview, how asymmetric ion-pairing catalysis with ammonium ions has been utilized in organic synthesis is explained, particularly in the design of novel catalytic cycles. This includes the use of chiral ammonium-based catalysts for the construction of challenging stereogenic centers. Ammonium-derived electrophilic reagents, typically formed in situ and in the context of phase-transfer catalysis (PTC), have also been utilized in asymmetric bond-forming reactions. Furthermore, ammonium salts have been employed as substrates in several stereocontrolled C-N bond cleavage processes, leading to enantioenriched products by using novel asymmetric induction modes. In addition, merging ammonium ion-pairing catalysis with other catalytic approaches has also emerged as a new platform for achieving previously less straightforward reactions, thereby allowing new synthetic applications.
371: Computation of Residual Sums of Squares in Regression Analysis (1974)

SUMMARY Some simple derivations are given for expressions for the residual sums of squiares in regression analysis. Watson [1969] was led to consider situations for which, given the ordinary linear regression model
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIMYCOTIC ACTION OF SOME N‐(5‐PYRIMIDINYL)BENZENESULFONAMIDES (1985)

Abstract Durch Reaktion von Aminopyrimidinen (I) bzw. (IV) mit Benzolsulfonsäurechlorid (II) erhält man die Sulfonamide (IIIa) bzw. (VII).
Review on Psychological Stress Detection Using Biosignals (2019)

This review investigates the effects of psychological stress on the human body measured through biosignals. When a potentially threatening stimulus is perceived, a cascade of physiological processes occurs mobilizing the body and nervous system to confront the imminent threat and ensure effective adaptation. Biosignals that can be measured reliably in relation to such stressors include physiological (EEG, ECG, EDA, EMG) and physical measures (respiratory rate, speech, skin temperature, pupil size, eye activity). A fundamental objective in this area of psychophysiological research is to establish reliable biosignal indices that reveal the underlying physiological mechanisms of the stress response. Motivated by the lack of comprehensive guidelines on the relationship between the multitude of biosignal features used in the literature and their corresponding behaviour during stress, in this paper, the impact of stress to multiple bodily responses is surveyed. Emphasis is put on the efficiency, robustness and consistency of biosignal data features across the current state of knowledge in stress detection. It is also explored multimodal biosignal analysis and modelling methods for deriving accurate stress correlates. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review on biosignal patterns caused during stress conditions and reliable practical guidelines towards more efficient detection of stress.
Direct Bonding between InP Substrate and Magnetooptic Waveguides (1996)

Wafer direct bonding was demonstrated between InP and magnetooptic materials. The effects of chemical treatment of two wafers before placing them into contact were investigated in order to enhance the durability of the bonded wafers through the various device fabrication processes. Phosphoric acid etching at a low temperature proved to be the most suitable treatment for the bonding between InP and gadolinium gallium garnet Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 . In the case of this treatment, the bonding was studied between a planar InP substrate and magnetooptic waveguides on the garnet films.
<i>Myc</i> is a Notch1 transcriptional target and a requisite for Notch1-induced mammary tumorigenesis in mice (2006)

To explore the potential involvement of aberrant Notch1 signaling in breast cancer pathogenesis, we have used a transgenic mouse model. In these animals, mouse mammary tumor virus LTR-driven expression of the constitutively active intracellular domain of the Notch1 receptor (N1(IC)) causes development of lactation-dependent mammary tumors that regress upon gland involution but progress to nonregressing, invasive adenocarcinomas in subsequent pregnancies. Up-regulation of Myc in these tumors prompted a genetic investigation of a potential Notch1/Myc functional relationship in breast carcinogenesis. Conditional ablation of Myc in the mammary epithelium prevented the induction of regressing N1(IC) neoplasms and also reduced the incidence of nonregressing carcinomas, which developed with significantly increased latency. Molecular analyses revealed that both the mouse and human Myc genes are direct transcriptional targets of N1(IC) acting through its downstream Cbf1 transcriptional effector. Consistent with this mechanistic link, Notch1 and Myc expression is positively correlated by immunostaining in 38% of examined human breast carcinomas.
Immunoprophylaxis of a Murine Bladder Cancer with High Dose Bcg Immunizations (1982)

The immunoprophylactic effect of Mycobacterium bovis, strain Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was studied in a syngeneic bladder tumor system. Injection of a high dose of viable BCG 10 days before tumor cell challenge induced a 46 per cent reduction in tumor take. On the other hand, no protection against tumor take was afforded by the simultaneous administration of BCG and tumor cells. Complete tumor regression, however, was observed in a number of animals of the 2 groups receiving BCG: 90 per cent in the group receiving the vaccine and the tumor simultaneously and 50 per cent in those being immunized 10 days before tumor challenge. These findings indicate that high dose, viable BCG immunization favorably alters the course of this experimental tumor.
Targeting of eEF1A with <i>Amaryllidaceae</i> isocarbostyrils as a strategy to combat melanomas (2010)

ABSTRACT Melanomas display poor response rates to adjuvant therapies because of their intrinsic resistance to proapoptotic stimuli. This study indicates that such resistance can be overcome, at least partly, through the targeting of eEF1A elongation factor with narciclasine, an Amaryllidaceae isocarbostyril controlling plant growth. Narciclasine displays IC 50 growth inhibitory values between 30–100 nM in melanoma cell lines, irrespective of their levels of resistance to proapoptotic stimuli. Normal noncancerous cell lines are much less affected. At nontoxic doses, narciclasine also significantly improves ( P =0.004) the survival of mice bearing metastatic apoptosis‐resistant melanoma xenografts in their brain. The eEF1A targeting with narciclasine (50 nM) leads to 1 ) marked actin cytoskeleton disorganization, resulting in cytokinesis impairment, and 2 ) protein synthesis impairment (elongation and initiation steps), whereas apoptosis is induced at higher doses only (≥200 nM). In addition to molecular docking validation and identification of potential binding sites, we biochemically confirmed that narciclasine directly binds to human recombinant and yeast‐purified eEF1A in a nanomolar range, but not to actin or elongation factor 2, and that 5 nM narciclasine is sufficient to impair eEF1A‐related actin bundling activity. eEF1A is thus a potential target to combat melanomas regardless of their apoptosis‐sensitivity, and this finding reconciles the pleiotropic cytostatic of narciclasine.—Van Goietsenoven, G., Hutton, J., Becker, J.‐P., Lallemand, B., Robert, F., Lefranc, F., Pirker, C., Vandenbussche, G., Van Antwerpen, P., Evidente, A., Berger, W., Prevost, M., Pelletier, J., Kiss, R., Goss Kinzy, T., Kornienko, A., Mathieu, V. Targeting of eEF1A with Amaryllidaceae isocarbostyrils as a strategy to combat melanomas. FASEB J . 24, 4575–4584 (2010). www.fasebj.org
A robust subspace approach to layer extraction (2003)

Representing images with layers has many important applications, such as video compression, motion analysis, and 3D scene analysis. The paper presents a robust subspace approach to extracting layers from images reliably by taking advantage of the fact that homographies induced by planar patches in the scene form a low dimensional linear subspace. Such a subspace provides not only a feature space where layers in the image domain are mapped onto denser and better-defined clusters, but also a constraint for detecting outliers in the local measurements, thus making the algorithm robust to outliers. By enforcing the subspace constraint, spatial and temporal redundancy from multiple frames are simultaneously utilized, and noise can be effectively reduced. Good layer descriptions are shown to be extracted in the experimental results.
Fabrication and magnetic properties of granular alloys (1990)

Granular alloys of iron with other transition metals have been fabricated in both Al2O3 and SiO2 matrices. Both stable (Fe-Ni, Fe-Co) and metastable (Fe-Cu) alloys have been achieved. Under appropriate deposition conditions, the grains are single-phase alloys ranging in size from 15 to 50 Å. Superparamagnetism and enhanced coercivity have been observed, and the effect of grain size on these phenomena has been investigated. We have also studied the effects of the different insulating matrices.
Subcellular localization of the Huntington's disease gene product in cell lines by immunofluorescence and biochemical subcellular fractionation (1996)

Huntington's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is caused by expansion of a polymorphic (CAG)n repeat in the coding region of the Huntington's disease gene. The function of huntingtin has not been elucidated so far. Accordingly, detailed subcellular localization studies remain useful. In an immunohistochemical study, we have reported huntingtin to be present in the cytoplasm of cells in the majority of the tissues studied. In addition, we detected a signal in the nucleus of cells in some tissues, including neuronal cells. We have further extended these studies in various mammalian cell lines, using a panel of (affinity-purified) polyclonal huntingtin antibodies in immunofluorescence, confocal laser scanning microscopy and biochemical subcellular fractionation studies. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts, human skin fibroblasts and in mouse neuroblastoma cells huntingtin was present in the cytoplasm. All five antibodies, directed against different parts of huntingtin, also showed a signal in the nucleus. This signal could be competed by the original antigen. The localization of huntingtin in both cytoplasm and nucleus, was confirmed by biochemical subcellular fractionation studies. However, in most other studies, a nuclear location for huntingtin has not been found. Our results suggest, however, that besides its function(s) in the cytoplasm, a nuclear function of huntingtin at some stages of differentiation or in some phases of the cell cycle may not be excluded.
MicroRNA Regulation of Atherosclerosis (2016)

Atherosclerosis and its attendant clinical complications, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western societies. In response to biochemical and biomechanical stimuli, atherosclerotic lesion formation occurs from the participation of a range of cell types, inflammatory mediators, and shear stress. Over the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as evolutionarily conserved, noncoding small RNAs that serve as important regulators and fine-tuners of a range of pathophysiological cellular effects and molecular signaling pathways involved in atherosclerosis. Accumulating studies reveal the importance of miRNAs in regulating key signaling and lipid homeostasis pathways that alter the balance of atherosclerotic plaque progression and regression. In this review, we highlight current paradigms of miRNA-mediated effects in atherosclerosis progression and regression. We provide an update on the potential use of miRNAs diagnostically for detecting increasing severity of coronary disease and clinical events. Finally, we provide a perspective on therapeutic opportunities and challenges for miRNA delivery in the field.
Adenovirus Antigens--A Study of their Properties and Sequential Development in Infection (1967)

SUMMARY Antisera were prepared which reacted specifically with different antigens in the capsid of adenovirus type 5, viz. hexons, pentons, fibres and penton bases. A rabbit antiserum was obtained which reacted with another antigen (designated P) formed during the early stages of the infectious process. This antigen is similar to the T antigen associated with infection by the oncogenic adenoviruses. Using the specific antisera and the P antiserum a study was made of the properties and sequence of development of the antigens in single-step infection. The time of appearance of the antigens was a function of the added multiplicity of infection. The P antigen was detected early in infection and was followed 4 hr later by the fibres and hexons and a further 2 hr later by the penton bases. The appearance of the penton bases was accompanied by an increase in infectivity. Haemagglutination and the ability of the antigens to inhibit cell spreading were measured and it is concluded that relatively late in infection the capsid antigens are no longer incorporated into virus particles and can be detected as free antigens.
La fin de la souveraineté française en Algérie (1962)

Flory Maurice. La fin de la souveraineté française en Algérie. In: Annuaire français de droit international, volume 8, 1962. pp. 905-919.
A hybrid integrated trunk and subscriber line interface (1982)

A two-chip hybrid integrated trunk and subscriber line interface has been fabricated for voice and data applications. This paper will discuss features including a programmable battery feed with lightning protection, battery-reversal signaling, 2-4 wire conversion, loop closure detection and power down capability.
Whole-Genome Association Study on Tissue Tropism Phenotypes in Group A Streptococcus (2011)

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) has a rich evolutionary history of horizontal transfer among its core genes. Yet, despite extensive genetic mixing, GAS strains have discrete ecological phenotypes. To further our understanding of the molecular basis for ecological phenotypes, comparative genomic hybridization of a set of 97 diverse strains to a GAS pangenome microarray was undertaken, and the association of accessory genes with emm genotypes that define tissue tropisms for infection was determined. Of the 22 nonprophage accessory gene regions (AGRs) identified, only 3 account for all statistically significant linkage disequilibrium among strains having the genotypic biomarkers for throat versus skin infection specialists. Networked evolution and population structure analyses of loci representing each of the AGRs reveal that most strains with the skin specialist and generalist biomarkers form discrete clusters, whereas strains with the throat specialist biomarker are highly diverse. To identify coinherited and coselected accessory genes, the strength of genetic associations was determined for all possible pairwise combinations of accessory genes among the 97 GAS strains. Accessory genes showing very strong associations provide the basis for an evolutionary model, which reveals that a major transition between many throat and skin specialist haplotypes correlates with the gain or loss of genes encoding fibronectin-binding proteins. This study employs a novel synthesis of tools to help delineate the major genetic changes associated with key adaptive shifts in an extensively recombined bacterial species.