gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Reactivation Is Regulated by Interaction of Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen with Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein Jκ, the Major Downstream Effector of the Notch Signaling Pathway (2005)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the major biological cofactor contributing to development of Kaposi's sarcoma. KSHV establishes a latent infection in human B cells expressing the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA), a critical factor in the regulation of viral latency. LANA controls KSHV latent infection through repression of RTA, an activator of many lytic promoters. RTA activates the expression of several lytic viral genes by interacting with recombination signal sequence-binding protein Jkappa (RBP-Jkappa), a transcriptional repressor and the target of the Notch signaling pathway. The recognition that a number of KSHV lytic gene promoters, including RTA, contain RBP-Jkappa binding sites raised the possibility that RBP-Jkappa-mediated repression may be central to the establishment of latency. Here, we tested this hypothesis by examining the regulation of RTA by LANA through binding to RBP-Jkappa. This study demonstrates that LANA physically associates with RBP-Jkappa in vitro and in KSHV-infected cells, with the complex formed capable of binding to RBP-Jkappa cognate sequences. RBP-Jkappa binding sites within the RTA promoter have been found to be critical for LANA-mediated repression. Our study describes a novel mechanism through which LANA maintains KSHV latency by targeting a major downstream effector of the Notch signaling pathway.
The effects of a topically‐active non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug on ligature‐induced periodontal disease in the squirrel monkey* (1986)

Prostaglandins are believed to be important mediators of periodontal inflammation and bone resorption. The purpose of the present blind study was to quantify clinically and histologically the effects of a topically applied nonsteroidal prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, namely a substituted oxazolopyridine derivative (SOPD), on ligature-induced periodontal disease in the squirrel monkey. For a period of 14 days, one group of ligated animals received 2 daily topical applications of the SOPD. A group receiving systemically administered indomethacin served as a positive control while a group receiving only topically applied vehicle served as a negative control. Results indicate that throughout the 14-day period of the study, the SOPD significantly inhibited gingival inflammation and loss of attachment as compared to either the placebo or indomethacin groups. Both indomethacin and the SOPD significantly inhibited bone resorption.
Scalable visualizations to support reverse engineering: a framework for evaluation (2002)

Visualizations of software can be utilized in varying degrees throughout the software development cycle as aids to comprehension, analysis, and measurement. This research focuses on the experimental evaluation and refinement of a set of scalable visualizations that show promise for improving the overall software process. The roles which visualizations may play during reverse engineering and maintenance are of particular interest. This research also investigates the manner in which software visualizations are used in practice by software professionals. Partners from government and industry have agreed to participate by providing access to appropriate production software. This paper will describe a framework for evaluating visual techniques and investigating their practical use and application.
Five-Year Outcomes After Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass and Laparoscopic Duodenal Switch in Patients With Body Mass Index of 50 to 60 (2015)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00327912.
Optimized Electric Vehicle Charging With Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (2014)

Renewable energy and Electric Vehicles (EVs) are promising solutions for energy cost savings and emission reduction. However, integration of renewable energy sources into the electric grid could be a difficult task, because of the generation source intermittency and inconsistency with energy usage. In this paper, we present results of our study on the problem of allocating energy from renewable sources to EVs in a cost efficient manner. We have assumed that the renewable energy supply is time variant and in many ways unpredictable. EVs' charging requests should be satisfied within a specified time frame, which may incur a cost of drawing additional energy (possibly non-renewable energy) from the power grid if the renewable energy supply is not sufficient to meet the deadlines and may also reduce energy efficiency. We have formulated a stochastic optimization problem based on queuing model to minimize the time average cost of using non-renewable energy sources. The proposed approach fully considers the individual charging rate limit and deadline of each EV. The Lyapunov optimization technique is used to solve the problem. The developed dynamic control algorithm does not require knowledge of the statistical distribution of the time-varying renewable energy generation, EV charging demand, or extra energy pricing. Simulation results using different wind power generation profiles were performed and analyzed in the study. The results show that our EV charging scheduling method based on Lyapunov optimization can reduce both charging cost and mean delay time of fulfilling EV charging requests.
Swinburne: A Centenary Estimate (1937)

The centenary of Swinburne's birth falls at a time when the excellences of Swinburne's poetry are unlikely to receive their due. In a recent study (1931), Mr. W. R. Rutland, writing as a professed admirer, suggests that Swinburne is as remote as the Elizabethans; he belongs to the past, as unquestionably as Hardy belongs to the present. He has not been dead thirty years; and yet it is not easily remembered that for the last ten years of his life he was currently accepted as the greatest living English poet. It is even more difficult to recall that from 1870 on to the end of the century his lyrical poetry was the purest written in England. Of all the great Victorian poets it was he who made the most direct attack upon the idols of his time, upon the sentimental conception of love, upon bourgeois democracy, upon the institutional expressions of the Christian religion. For his daring he has paid heavily: a sulphurous cloud still hangs over his name, his work has always had about it the aroma of heresy, revolt, and evil. He is the poet of passion, the poet of absolute liberty, the poet of evolution, the poet of tumultuous music. Passion is not now the staple of great literature that it was accounted ten years ago; absolute liberty is dismissed as a chimera, and those who believe in it may soon be obliged to follow Conrad's Garibaldino to the mythical republic of Costaguana; the emotional implications of evolution are no longer formative; tumultuous music seems vulgarly emphatic, like the nudes of Ingres and the landscapes of Turner. Swinburne is in danger of becoming a forgotten poet; and it is when a writer is in danger of being forgotten that his centenary should be seized upon as an occasion for evoking his achievement, turning it leisurely before our eyes and deciding whether or not literature will be served by quietly allowing him to recede in to a mere name in the an thologies along with Campbell and Rogers. There is still time enough, however, if Swinburne's achievement seems to justify it, for his place to be in greater company-with Byron, Keats, and Shelley.
The role of IFN-<i>gamma</i> in the pathology of experimental endotoxemia. (1990)

Proinflammatory cytokines provoked by circulating bacterial LPS mediate many of the destructive host responses characteristic of septic shock. To determine if the lymphokine IFN-gamma has a similar pathogenic role during endotoxic shock, mice were pretreated with murine rIFN-gamma (rMuIFN-gamma) at various times relative to challenge with Salmonella enteritidis LPS. Subsequent mortality was increased when rMuIFN-gamma was administered before or up to 4 h after endotoxin challenge. Pretreatment with rMuIFN-gamma resulted in nearly fivefold increases in serum TNF during endotoxemia, but TNF levels were unaffected by IFN administered after endotoxin. The increased levels of serum TNF probably reflected enhanced translation of this factor, as tissue expression of TNF mRNA did not increase correspondingly in IFN-pretreated mice. To examine the role of IFN-gamma produced endogenously during endotoxemia, mice were pretreated with 0.5 mg of anti-IFN-gamma mAb before endotoxin injection. This treatment significantly reduced mortality from endotoxic shock but caused only minor decreases in serum TNF. Anti-IFN-gamma administered 2 h after endotoxin was similarly protective. These results demonstrate a significant role for IFN-gamma in the pathology of septic shock, both indirectly as an activator of monokines known to promote lethality and possibly by other, late-acting mechanisms.
<i>Candida glabrata</i>, an Emerging Oral Opportunistic Pathogen (2007)

Following the widespread use of immunosuppressive therapy and broad-spectrum antimycotic prophylaxis, C. glabrata has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in the oral mucosa. In the past, studies on the virulence factors and host-pathogen interactions of this organism were scarce, but continued to rise in recent years. Denture-wearing, immunosuppression, antibiotic therapy, and aging are risk factors for oral colonization or infection with C. glabrata. Compared with C. albicans, C. glabrata exhibits lower oral keratinocyte-adherence capacity, but higher denture-surface-adherence ability. The role of extracellular hydrolase production in the virulence of this organism does not appear to be as important as it is in C. albicans pathogenesis. Although traditionally thought of as a non-transforming yeast organism, both phenotypic switching and pseudohyphal formation have recently been identified in C. glabrata, but their role in pathogenesis is not known. With the exception of granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor, C. glabrata triggers a lower proinflammatory cytokine response in oral epithelial cells than does C. albicans, in a strain-dependent manner. C. glabrata is less susceptible to killing by human beta-defensins than is C. albicans and exhibits various degrees of resistance to the antifungal activity of salivary histatins and mucins. In addition, C. glabrata possesses both innate and acquired resistance against antifungal drugs, due to its ability to modify ergosterol biosynthesis, mitochondrial function, or antifungal efflux. This resistance allows for its relative overgrowth over other susceptible species and may contribute to the recent emergence of C. glabrata infections in chronically immunocompromised populations. Further investigations on the virulence and host-pathogen interactions of C. glabrata are needed to better define the pathogenesis of oral C. glabrata infection in susceptible hosts.
Alternate realizations of four-terminal and three-terminal negative-impedance inverters (1968)

Six additional nullator-norator equivalent representations of the negative-impedance inverter are presented, along with their transistorized realizations.
Characteristics of Nanoscale Lithography Using AFM with a Current-Controlled Exposure System (1998)

We have developed an atomic force microscopy (AFM) lithography system using a current-controlled exposure system. The constant current feedback system significantly reduces variation in the width of the line patterns compared with the common constant bias feedback system. We fabricate line-and-space patterns on a commercial negative-type resist, RD2100N (Hitachi Chemical Co.), and evaluate the lithography's characteristics, including the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, sensitivity curve, cross-sectional shape, dose-margin, resolution, and proximity effect. We find that the cross-sectional shape of the developed resist pattern depends on the exposure dose. The sensitivity, dose-margin, and resolution depend on the resist thickness and a minimum line width of 27 nm is obtained for a 15-nm-thick resist. The proximity effect is much smaller than that of electron beam (EB) lithography. We also evaluate the electric-field mapping inside the resist and explain the characteristics of the AFM exposure system based on the proposed exposure mechanism.
International Centre for Diffraction Data and American Society for Metals database survey of thermoelectric half-Heusler material systems (2013)

Phase diagrams and X-ray powder diffraction patterns provide critical information for thermoelectric (TE) research. We have conducted a survey of phase diagrams and powder diffraction patterns of TE systems in the ASM (American Society for Metals) Metal/Alloy database and ICDD (International Centre for Diffraction Data) PDF (Powder Diffraction File), respectively, for their availability and crystal systems. In this report, we focus on TE materials that have the half-Heusler XYZ structure, and related compounds, based on a set of materials selection rules. We found that among 306 potential XYZ compounds that we have surveyed, 234 have powder diffraction patterns in the PDF, but only 28 have phase diagram information, and 67 do not have any crystallographic information. Among the 234 phases with powder patterns, 84 were reported to have cubic F 43 m half-Heusler type structure, and the remainder have hexagonal, orthorhombic or other structure types. Some XYZ compounds have both cubic and hexagonal phases. This information will provide the basis for future activities for the improvement of the databases. These activities include filling the missing gaps in both phase equilibria database and the PDF, as well as adding TE and pertinent physical properties to the PDF.
Preparation and Synthetic Applications of 2‐Halotryptophan Methyl Esters: Synthesis of Spirotryprostatin B (2004)

New N-acyliminium ion methodology: 2-Halotryptophan esters serve as important synthetic building blocks for the stereocontrolled construction of spiro[pyrrolidine-3,3′-oxindoles] (see scheme). The cell-cycle inhibitor spirotryprostatin B is assembled in rapid fashion by using this methodology.
Nano-Metrology Based on the Laser Interferometers (2010)

The optical interferometry is the most frequent technique which has been widely used in metrology systems with subnanometer resolution. In this chapter, first we have discussed an overview of principals of interferometry, interfere phenomenon in the laser interferometers and their applications. A comparison of homodyne interferometers, advantages and disadvantages with heterodyne interferometers was also investigated. The optical setup and electronic sections of two- and three-longitudinal-mode heterodyne interferometers was then described. A frequency-path model of the nano-displacement measurement system based on the laser heterodyne interferometers was presented. This model is described by the AC reference, AC interference, DC interference and optical power components of the multi-mode, multi-path interferometer. The main parameters affecting the displacement measurement accuracy were discussed in the fourth section. The most important errors are related to imperfect alignment of the optical setup and nonideal polarized modes. The periodic nonlinearity is the principal limitation of the laser interferometers involving polarized light. Therefore, we have analyzed and modelled the periodic nonlinearity resulting from ellipticity and nonorthogonality of the polarised modes, deviation angle and unequal transmission­reflection coefficients of the PBS and a rotation angle of polarizer with two main approaches; plane wave and matrix method based on the Jones calculus. Then by using two polarizers oriented under +45º and -45º, a half-wave plate, and another avalanche photodiode, the periodic nonlinearity has been considerably decreased. In addition it was shown that the first-order nonlinearity can be effectively reduced compared to the second-order nonlinearity.
The curved DNA structure in the 5'-upstream region of the light-responsive genes: its universality, binding factor and function for cyanobacterial psbA transcription (2002)

A unique DNA curvature, the CIT, has been found in the 5'-upstream region of the psbA2 gene, which exhibits basal, light-responsive and circadian rhythmic transcription, in a unicellular photosynthetic cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa K-81. In this study, we report the universality of curvatures found in 5'-upstream regions in the psbA family and the function of the curvature in gene expression. Intrinsic curvatures were identified within 1000 bp upstream from the psbA genes in another cyanobacterium, a red alga and in plants (monocot and dicot). Mutagenized curvatures were constructed and confirmed to have disrupted architecture by gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy. Relatively small amounts but light-responsive transcripts of psbA2 were observed in cyanobacterial transformants harboring the mutagenized curvature under light/dark and light/high-light conditions. This shows that the curvature is important for basal transcription. In vitro primer extension and DNA mobility shift assay revealed that factors which might bind to the region upstream from the bending center contribute to the effective basal transcription of psbA2.
Lack of Self‐Renewal Capacity in <i>Fancc</i> <sup>−/−</sup> Stem Cells After Ex Vivo Expansion (2005)

Treatments of the hematological manifestation in Fanconi anemia (FA) are first supported by attempts to stimulate hematopoiesis with androgens or hematopoietic growth factors. However, the long-term curative treatment of the hematological manifestation in FA patients is bone marrow (BM) or cord blood stem cell transplantation. The success rate for BM transplantation is fairly high with HLA-matched sibling donors but is, unfortunately, low with HLA-matched unrelated donors. An alternative curative treatment for those patients with no sibling donors might be gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells. Because FA patients have reduced numbers of stem/progenitor cells, ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells would be a crucial step in gene transfer protocols. Using the FA mouse model, Fancc-/-, we tested the ability of CD34- hematopoietic stem cells to support ex vivo expansion. We determined that Fancc-/- CD34- stem cells have reduced reconstitution ability and markedly reduced self-renewal ability after culture, as shown by secondary transplants. These results indicate that FA stem cells may not be well suited for ex vivo expansion before gene transfer or transplantation protocols.
A ferroelectric DRAM cell for high-density NVRAMs (1990)

The operation of a ferroelectric DRAM (dynamic random access memory) cell for nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM) applications is described. Because polarization reversal only occurs during nonvolatile store/recall operations and not during read/write operations, ferroelectric fatigue is not a serious endurance problem. For a 3-V power supply, the worst-case effective silicon dioxide thickness of the unoptimized lead zirconate titanate film studied is less than 17 AA. The resistivity and endurance properties of ferroelectric films can be optimized by modifying the composition of the film. This cell can be the basis of a very-high-density NVRAM with practically no read/write cycle limit and at least 10/sup 10/ nonvolatile store/recall cycles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Topotactic Conversion of Alkali‐Treated Intergrown Germanosilicate CIT‐13 into Single‐Crystalline ECNU‐21 Zeolite as Shape‐Selective Catalyst for Ethylene Oxide Hydration (2019)

The conversion of the alkali-treated intergrowth germanosilicate CIT-13 into the single-crystalline high-silica ECNU-21 (named after East China Normal University) zeolite, with a novel topology and a highly crystalline zeolite framework, has been realized through a creative top-down strategy involving a mild alkaline-induced multistep process consisting of structural degradation and reconstruction. Instead of acid treatment, hydrolysis in aqueous ammonia solution not only readily cleaved the chemically weak Ge(Si)-O-Ge bonds located within the interlayer double four ring (D4R) units of CIT-13, but also cleaved the metastable Si-O-Si bonds therein. This led to extensive removal of the D4R units, and also generated silanol groups on adjacent silica-rich layers, which then condensed to form a novel daughter structure upon calcination. Individual oxygen bridges in the reassembled ECNU-21 replaced the germanium-rich D4R units in CIT-13, thereby eliminating the original intergrowth phenomenon along the b axis. With an ordered crystalline structure of 10-ring (R) channels as well as suitable germanium-related Lewis acid sites, ECNU-21 serves as a stable solid Lewis acid catalyst for the shape-selective hydration of ethylene oxide (EO) to ethylene glycol (EG) at greatly reduced H<sub>2</sub> O/EO ratios and reaction temperature in comparison with the noncatalytic industrial process.
Radio Frequency Phototube, Optical Clock and Precise Measurements in Nuclear Physics (2009)

Recently a new experimental program of novel systematic studies of light hypernuclei using pionic decay was established at JLab (Study of Light Hypernuclei by Pionic Decay at JLab, JLab Experiment PR-08-012). The highlights of the proposed program include high precision measurements of binding energies of hypernuclei by using a high resolution pion spectrometer, HpiS. The average values of binding energies will be determined within an accuracy of ~10 keV or better. Therefore, the crucial point of this program is an absolute calibration of the HpiS with accuracy 10E-4 or better. The merging of continuous wave laser-based precision optical-frequency metrology with mode-locked ultrafast lasers has led to precision control of the visible frequency spectrum produced by mode-locked lasers. Such a phase-controlled mode-locked laser forms the foundation of an optical clock or femtosecond optical frequency comb (OFC) generator, with a regular comb of sharp lines with well defined frequencies. Combination of this technique with a recently developed radio frequency (RF) phototube results in a new tool for precision time measurement. We are proposing a new time-of-flight (TOF) system based on an RF phototube and OFC technique. The proposed TOF system achieves 10 fs instability level and opens new possibilities for precise measurements in nuclear physics such as an absolute calibration of magnetic spectrometers within accuracy 10E-4 - 10E-5.
Alterations in opioid receptor binding in Parkinson's disease patients with levodopa‐induced dyskinesias (1997)

Levodopa-induced dyskinesias remain a major challenge in the therapeutic management of Parkinson's disease (PD). Their etiology is unknown although dysfunction of striatal opioid transmission has been implicated in experimental models of PD. To determine whether the opioid system is involved in human dyskinetic PD, we measured in vivo opioid receptor binding in PD patients with and without levodopa-induced dyskinesias, using positron emission tomography (PET) and the opioid receptor ligand [11C]diprenorphine. Striatal and thalamic/occipital uptake ratios were calculated using a region of interest (ROI) approach. In addition, we used statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and images reflecting the volume of distribution of [11C]diprenorphine to assess changes in cerebral receptor binding on a voxel-by-voxel basis. By using the ROI approach, we found significantly reduced striatal and thalamic opioid binding in dyskinetic, but not in nondyskinetic, PD patients. The SPM approach confirmed reduced availability in these areas and, in addition, showed decreased cingulate and increased prefrontal opioid receptor binding in the dyskinetic patients. Our findings confirm that altered opioid transmission is part of the pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in PD and support further investigation into the role of opioid agents in the management of these involuntary movements.