gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Conformationally Restricted Mimetics of γ-Turns and Incorporation into Desmopressin, an Analogue of the Peptide Hormone Vasopressin (1999)

Peptide secondary structure mimetics should accurately imitate the desired backbone conformation, and synthetic routes to peptidomimetics should allow for flexible introduction of side chains with correct stereochemistry. Both criteria are met by the enantioselective approach presented here. Mimetics of inverse and classical γ-turns (1 and 2, respectively) were assembled from three types of building blocks, all of which can be prepared in a few steps from commercially available starting materials.
Preparation and characterization of FeH3(PO4)2.cntdot.2CO(NH2)2 (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and characterization of FeH3(PO4)2.cntdot.2CO(NH2)2Ewell F. Dillard, A. William Frazier, and Terry C. Woodis Jr.Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1981, 29, 2, 391–396Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00104a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00104a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Traumatic Brain Injury Induced Cell Proliferation in the Adult Mammalian Central Nervous System (2002)

Recent studies indicate the existence of progenitor cells and their potential for neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the hippocampus of the normal adult mammalian brain. However, the proliferative response and the specific cell types generated following traumatic brain injury have not been examined. This cellular response to CNS injury was investigated using the fluid percussion injury (FPI) model, a widely accepted rat model that simulates moderate head injury sustained in humans. Forty-eight hours following moderate FPI, adult rats received intraperitoneal injections of the thymidine analogs, 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or tritiated thymidine (3H-thymidine), which are markers for mitotic activity. Injured and control animals receiving BrdU were used to determine the total number of cells induced to proliferate. To determine the cellular identity of these proliferating cells, animals receiving 3H-thymidine were sacrificed and sections through the injured area were immunostained with markers for immature and mature astrocytes, activated microglia, neural precursors and mature neurons. These studies showed that the total number of proliferating cells was significantly increased in the injury group for both the SVZ and the hippocampus. However, the proliferating cells in the SVZ did not express any of the cellular markers used, suggesting that they have not yet begun to differentiate. In contrast, there was a significant increase in the number of immature astrocytes and activated microglia, but not neurons, at this early time point in the hippocampus. Taken together, these experiments demonstrate the compensatory capacity of the adult brain to injury and should lead to a new generation of studies aimed at enhancing the neuronal proliferative response.
Relationships between oral mucositis and treatment variables in bone marrow transplant patients (1992)

The pattern of oral mucositis and related treatment variables was studied in 20 bone marrow transplant patients. Patients received either total body irradiation (TBI) or busulfan in combination with cyclophosphamide and etoposide as pretransplant conditioning. Daily oral assessment scores were analyzed. Mucosal changes began approximately 2 days before transplant and peaked approximately 8 days after transplant. There was a trend for patients receiving TBI to have slightly higher oral scores during the first week posttransplant than patients receiving busulfan. The TBI patients averaged almost twice the number of days of continuous intravenous morphine infusion for oral pain and 6 additional days of total parenteral nutrition when compared with patients receiving busulfan. Subjects who died during aplasia manifested mucositis that gradually worsened and did not return to baseline. Differences in oral status based on type of transplant, either autologous or allogeneic, were not shown in this study.
Targeting erythropoietin for chronic neurodegenerative diseases (2013)

Novel knowledge of the cell signaling pathways regulated by EPO in the CNS will allow us to establish the foundation for the development of therapeutic strategies against neurodegenerative diseases. Further investigation of the role of EPO in neurodegenerative diseases can not only formulate EPO as a therapeutic candidate, but also further identify novel therapeutic targets for these disorders.
Reinterpreting the CLEAN Algorithm as an Optimum Detector (2006)

This paper gives a short review of the CLEAN algorithm and shows how it can be implemented as a deconvolver in place of a correlator. The paper then derives an optimum detector (with appropriate assumptions) that provides detection of closely spaced Rayleigh distributed objects in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). These two processors are shown to both be deconvolvers for infinite signal to noise ratio. The range-time cut of the ambiguity diagram indicates that both algorithms have outstanding range-time sidelobes (under the condition of infinite signal to noise ratio). The optimum detector is not a uniformly most powerful test because it incorporates target amplitude into the detector. However, in many practical situations estimates of this parameter may be available.
Effects of glycine and glutamic acid supplementation to low protein diets on performance, thyroid function and fat deposition in chickens (2010)

Consumption of low crude protein (CP) diets causes elevation in fat accumulation in chickens, and this effect is independent of dietary essential amino acid levels. Thyroid hormones, because of their metabolic regulatory characteristics, might be an effective factor in lipogenesis. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the influence of low CP diets on hormonal function of the thyroid. Two hundred and sixteen male broiler chicks, 10 - 25 days of age, were fed experimental diets that contained 230, 210, 190 and 170 g CP/kg with adequate amounts of total and digestible essential amino acids at or above NRC (1994) recommendations. Two other diets were the same as the 190 and 170 g CP/kg diets but contained additional glycine and glutamic acid. Reduction in CP below 190 g/kg led to a decline in body weight and feed intake and an increase in fat deposition in body, as would be expected. Plasma T4 concentration decreased significantly in the birds on the 170 g CP/kg diet and supplementation of glycine and glutamic acid had no effect on hormonal levels of the thyroid despite the reduction in whole-body and abdominal cavity fat deposition. Plasma T3 concentration was not affected. Therefore, it is concluded that a reduction in circulatory levels of T4 that occurs in broiler chicks fed diets containing below 190 g CP/kg though with adequate essential amino acids, may be an effective method of increasing fat deposition. Keywords: Crude protein, nonessential amino acids, T3, T4, lipid deposition
Reactivity of Hydrogen with Solid-State Films of Alkylamine- and Tetraoctylammonium Bromide-Stabilized Pd, PdAg, and PdAu Nanoparticles for Sensing and Catalysis Applications (2007)

Hydrogen gas spontaneously adsorbs to Pd metal as atomic hydrogen and diffuses into the lattice to form PdHx. We previously showed that films of hexanethiolate-coated Pd monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) do not readily react with H2 due to the strong chemical bonding of the thiolate to the Pd, which inhibits the reaction. Consequently, these films require ozone or heat treatment for reactivity to occur, which is inconvenient for sensing or catalysis applications. In this report, we describe the reactivity between H2 and solid-state films of alkylamine-coated Pd, PdAg (10:1), and PdAu (10:1) MPCs and films of tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOABr)-stabilized Pd and PdAg (10:1) nanoparticles as determined by changes in film conductivity. Our data show that Pd nanoparticles coated with these more weakly coordinated amine or ammonium groups readily react with H2 without any need for ozone or heat treatment. The conductivity of films of octylamine (C8NH2)- or dodecylamine (C12NH2)-coated Pd, PdAg, and PdAu MPCs increases irreversibly upon initial exposure to 100% H2 to varying degrees and with different reaction kinetics and then exhibits stable, reversible changes in the presence of H2 concentrations ranging from 9.6 to 0.08%. The behavior upon initial exposure to H2 (conditioning) and the direction and magnitude of the reversible conductivity changes depend on the alkyl chainlength and alloy composition. Films of TOABr-coated Pd and PdAg nanoparticles show stable, reversible increases in conductivity in the presence of H2 concentrations from 9.6 down to 0.11% without conditioning. Surface FTIR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) provide information about the organic monolayer and film morphology, respectively, following reactivity with H2. This work demonstrates a simple approach toward preparing films of chemically synthesized Pd-containing nanoparticles with controlled reactivity to H2 for sensing and catalysis applications.
Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry 4 (1986)

Gum arabic and exudate gums starch gelatin microbial polysaccharides marine polysaccharides pectins cellulosics and seed gums.
Direct microwave transmission on single α-hemolysin pores (2011)

We integrated an ultra-broadband microwave circuit for direct sampling of single α-Hemolysin pores in a suspended bilipid membrane. Simultaneous direct current recordings reveal that we can monitor and correlate the radio-frequency transmission signal, with correspondence between open-close states of the direct current and the RF signals. This proves the ability of an RF-readout technique to perform real-time in-vitro recordings of pores. The technique thus holds great promise for research and drug screening applications, since the sampling rate of single channels can be drastically enhanced and the recording bandwidth allows for tracking the passage of single ions.
Laser therapy in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. (1988)

Percutaneous laser angioplasty has now become a clinical reality, consisting chiefly of applications of thermal angioplasty in conjunction with balloon angioplasty for the recanalization of peripheral vascular obstructions. In conjunction with this development, various aspects of laser-tissue interactions, fibreoptic transmission and delivery catheter design pertinent to the cardiovascular system have come under closer scrutiny, resulting in the emergence of both noteworthy concepts and clinical achievements.
Isolation and Composition of the Extracellular Slime Made by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in a Chemically Defined Medium (1991)

Slime isolated after growth of four strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci on chemically defined medium plus agar was rich in galactose. However, when sterile agar plates were extracted with saline, high-molecular-weight material with similar properties was obtained that also was galactose-rich. Most of the dry weight attributed to slime, and probably all the galactose, originated from agar. Slime isolated by gel and ion-exchange chromatography from liquid culture in the same medium contained glycerol phosphate, glucose (no galactose), glucosamine, alanine, uronate, an unidentified component, and protein. Separation of protein from carbohydrate was achieved by affinity chromatography. [14C]glucose in the medium labeled the carbohydrate polymer; [14C]amino acids chiefly labeled extracellular proteins. Slime from bacteria grown on medium solidified with silica gel or on dialysis membrane above an agar surface showed essentially the same composition and behavior after purification as the material isolated from liquid culture.
Nutshells, Monkeys, and the Writer’s Craft (1996)

Preview this article: Nutshells, Monkeys, and the Writer's Craft, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/vm/3/2/voicesfromthemiddle5425-1.gif
Homocysteine Levels and the Risk of Osteoporotic Fracture (2004)

An increased homocysteine level appears to be a strong and independent risk factor for osteoporotic fractures in older men and women.
.alpha.-(Fluoromethyl)dehydroornithine and .alpha.-(fluoromethyl)dehydroputrescine analogs as irreversible inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase (1983)

(E)-Dehydro analogues of alpha-(fluoromethyl)putrescine and -ornithine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro as irreversible inhibitors of a preparation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, EC 4.1.1.17) obtained from rat liver. The key step in the synthesis of (E)-alpha-(fluoromethyl)dehydroornithine (17) and -putrescine (14) was the addition of propenylmagnesium bromide to fluoroacetonitrile. The resulting unstable conjugated imine salt was reduced regioselectively in situ with NaBH4 or was quenched with a solution of NaCN to give the corresponding unsaturated alpha-(fluoromethyl) amine and alpha-amino nitrile, respectively. These were transformed into 17 and 14 via a four-step sequence involving (a) phthaloyation of the amine function; (b) allylic bromination of the methyl group; (c) Gabriel reaction; and (d) hydrolytic cleavage of the protective groups. (E)-alpha-(Difluoromethyl)dehydroornithine (10) and -putrescine (7) were prepared from ethyl tert-butyl 2-(difluoromethyl)-2-(2-propenyl)malonate and di-tert-butyl 2-(difluoromethyl)-2-(2-propenyl)malonate, respectively, via a sequence similar to that reported previously for the synthesis of the saturated analogues. Compounds 17, 14, 10, and 7 proved to be much more potent enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitors of ODC than the corresponding saturated analogues. The increase in potency is particularly marked in the alpha-fluoromethyl series. The apparent dissociation constants (KI) and the times of half-inactivation of enzyme (tau 50) at infinite concentration of inhibitors are 2.7 microM and 2.6 min for 17 and 42 microM and 0.2 min for 14. The KI and tau 50 of the corresponding saturated analogues are 75 microM and 1.6 min for the ornithine derivative and 56 microM and 4.4 min for the putrescine derivative.
The three-dimensional inverse scattering problem for the Helmholtz equation (1973)

In this paper we are concerned with solutions of the three-dimensional Helmholtz equation which are of class C 2 (i.e. regular) in the exterior of a bounded domain D . In cylindrical polar coordinates ( r, z, φ ) such solutions satisfy the equation in which we have dimensionalized the radial coordinate r so that the wave number is normalized to unity. If we further assume that u satisfies the Sommerfeld radiation condition then u may be regarded as being generated by volume sources, surface sources, or point singularities, all of which are contained in D .
Solving Efficiency–Stability Tradeoff in Top‐Emitting Organic Light‐Emitting Devices by Employing Periodically Corrugated Metallic Cathode (2012)

The introduction of a periodic corrugation into TOLEDs is demonstrated to be effective in relieving the tradeoff between device stability and efficiency, through the cross coupling of the SPPs associated with the Ag cathode and the microcavity modes. The thickness of the Ag cathode for the corrugated TOLEDs was increased from 20 to 45 nm, and both the device lifetime and efficiency are significantly improved. The figure shows a schematic cross section of a red TOLED with periodic microstructure and an operating TOLED with both corrugated and planar area.
The Locust Dcmd, a Movement-Detecting Neurone Tightly Tuned to Collision Trajectories (1997)

A Silicon Graphics computer was used to challenge the locust descending contralateral movement detector (DCMD) neurone with images of approaching objects. The DCMD gave its strongest response, measured as either total spike number or spike frequency, to objects approaching on a direct collision course. Deviation in either a horizontal or vertical direction from a direct collision course resulted in a reduced response. The decline in the DCMD response with increasing deviation from a collision course was used as a measure of the tightness of DCMD tuning for collision trajectories. Tuning was defined as the half-width of the response when it had fallen to half its maximum level. The response tuning, measured as averaged mean spike number versus deviation away from a collision course, had a half-width at half-maximum response of 2.4 °­3.0 ° for a deviation in the horizontal direction and 3.0 ° for a deviation in the vertical direction. Mean peak spike frequency showed an even sharper tuning, with a half-width at half-maximum response of 1.8 ° for deviations away from a collision course in the horizontal plane.
On the Number of RF Chains and Phase Shifters, and Scheduling Design With Hybrid Analog–Digital Beamforming (2016)

This paper considers hybrid beamforming (HB) for downlink multiuser massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with frequency selective channels. The proposed HB design employs sets of digitally controlled phase (fixed phase) paired phase shifters (PSs) and switches. For this system, first we determine the required number of radio frequency (RF) chains and PSs such that the proposed HB achieves the same performance as that of the digital beamforming (DB) which utilizes N (number of transmitter antennas) RF chains. We show that the performance of the DB can be achieved with our HB just by utilizing r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> RF chains and 2r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> (N-r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> + 1) PSs, where r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ≤ N is the rank of the combined digital precoder matrices of all subcarriers. Second, we provide a simple and novel approach to reduce the number of PSs with only a negligible performance degradation. Numerical results reveal that only 20-40 PSs per RF chain are sufficient for practically relevant parameter settings. Finally, for the scenario where the deployed number of RF chains (N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> ) is less than r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> , we propose a simple user scheduling algorithm to select the best set of users in each subcarrier. Simulation results validate theoretical expressions, and demonstrate the superiority of the proposed HB design over the existing HB designs in both flat fading and frequency selective channels.
Über Pyridinium‐<i>N</i>‐phenol‐betaine und ihre Verwendung zur Charakterisierung der Polarität von Lösungsmitteln (1963)

Abstract Aus Pyryliumsalzen und Aminophenolen entstehen zunächst N ‐[Hydroxyphenyl]‐pyridiniumsalze, die mit starken Basen in die tieffarbigen, kristallinen Pyridinium‐ N ‐phenol‐betaine übergehen. Diese zeichnen sich durch die größte bisher bekannte, fast das gesamte sichtbare Spektrum umfassende Solvatochromie aus. Dem vorwiegend polaren Grundzustand entsprechend, wandert die solvatochrome Absorptionsbande mit zunehmender Polarität des Lösungsmittels nach kürzeren Wellen („negative Solvatochromie”︁). Die Lage des Absorptionsmaximums liefert ein Maß für die polarisierende Kraft des Lösungsmittels. Durch konstitutionelle änderungen an der Betainmolekel lassen sich Farbstoffe aufbauen, die eine geringere Neigung besitzen, mit dem Lösungsmittels H‐Brücken zu bilden. Die gesamte polarisierende Wirkung der verschiedenen Lösungsmittel kann dadurch auf einen allgemein polarisierenden und auf einen durch H‐Brückenbildung hervorgerufenen Effekt zurückgeführt werden. Für 44 verschiedene Lösungsmittel werden die charakteristischen Maßzahlen ihrer Polarisationskraft angegeben, die in naher Beziehung zu den aus kinetischen Daten stammenden Y‐Werten von Winstein und den optisch ermittelten Z‐Werten von Kosower stehen. — Pyridinium‐ N ‐phenol‐betaine zeigen auch eine durch Mesomerie bedingte Thermochromie. Steigende Temperatur führt zu einer Verschiebung der Solvatochromiebande nach längeren Wellen, N ‐Dimethylanilin‐pyridiniumsalze, als „vorwiegend unpolare”︁ Farbstoffe, verhalten sich bezüglich der Thermochromie wie auch bezüglich der Solvatochromie entgegengesetzt.
Parallel VLSI architectures for cryptographic systems (2002)

This paper describes a parallel VLSI implementation of a private-key cryptographic system based on Peano-Hilbert curves. The basic unit of the VLSI architecture is the Crypto Processor, that is an SIMD composed of a grid of 256/spl times/256 processing units performing elementary operations of encoding process. The key length of the system, measured as number of free parameters, depends linearly on hardware complexity: the cryptographic system is modular and its implementation is very cheap. The CP has been implemented as a single chip with a 1-micron CMOS technology and shows a working frequency of 30 MHz. The chip can be used in consumer applications as well as add-on whenever a certain degree of safety in communication is required.
Combustion in Porous Media (2006)

The combustion research in porous medium burners has been reviewed from the early development in 1912 up to date. A collection of documented works by different authors was classified and their specific interests were addressed. These interests included the evolution and earlier work on the excess enthalpy flame in solid porous medium burners, the analytical treatment, and experimental study of flame stability in such burners. The characterization of the porous burner performance with respect to the relevant parameters was also recorded for both numerical and experimental works. The features of innovative geometries and turbulent flow conditions were demonstrated. The extension of the porous burner operation to incorporate liquid fuel combustion was also included in the classification. Relevant comments and recommendations for future work were attached at the end of each section.