gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maintenance Therapy for Lupus Nephritis — Something Old, Something New (2004)

From a historical perspective, there are few diseases for which the cause, natural history, and response to treatment have been as complex or difficult to define as those of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In large part, this is because SLE represents a clinical syndrome rather than a unique disease entity. The apparent diversity of pathogenic mechanisms operating in individual patients, which parallels the diversity observed in various animal models of SLE, underscores the fact that the disease phenotype arises from a variable mixture of environmental factors, the hormonal milieu, genes that contribute to an autoimmune diathesis, and other causes of . . .
Charge-coupled devices for memory applications (1975)

Since the invention of charge-coupled devices (CCD) in late 1969, the potential of the charge-coupling concept for digital memory has been recognized. Applications to image sensing and signal processing requirements have, however, preceded the application of CCD to memory. This occurred because relatively simple charge-coupled devices offered new performance potentials for image sensing and signal processing. Nonetheless, the basic shift-register nature of CCD implies that its greatest opportunity for widespread application lies in the highly competitive area of high density semiconductor memory. Today, sophisticated CCD memory components are emerging.
Application of Ganglioside-Sensitized Liposomes in a Flow Injection Immunoanalytical System for the Determination of Cholera Toxin (2006)

Cholera, an acute infectious disease associated with water and seafood contamination, is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which lives and colonizes in the small intestine and secretes cholera toxin (CT), a causative agent for diarrhea in humans. Based on earlier lateral flow assays, a flow injection liposome immunoanalysis (FILIA) system with excellent sensitivity was developed in this study for the determination of CT at zeptomole levels. Ganglioside (GM1), found to have specific affinity toward CT, was inserted into the phospholipid bilayer during the liposome synthesis. These GM1-sensitized, sulforhodamine B (SRB) dye-entrapping liposomes were used as probes in the FILIA system. Anti-CT antibodies were immobilized in its microcapillary. CT was detected by the formation of a sandwich complex between the immobilized antibody and GM1 liposomes. During the assay, the sample was introduced first into the column, and then liposomes were injected to bind to all CT captured by the antibody in the microcapillary. Subsequently, the SRB dye molecules were released from the bound liposomes via the addition of the detergent octyl glucopyranoside. The released dye molecules were transported to a flow-through fluorescence detector for quantification. The FILIA system was optimized with respect to flow rate, antibody concentration, liposome concentration, and injected sample volume. The calibration curve for CT had a linear range of 10-16 to 10-14 g mL-1. The detection limit of this immunosensor was 6.6 x 10(-17) g mL-1 in 200-microL samples (equivalent to 13 ag or 1.1 zmol).
The effect of turtle peptide powder on immune function in mice (2013)

Objective To study the effects of turtle peptide powder on immune function in mice.Methods A total of 200 female mice were divided into five groups randomly and fed with the powder at the dosage of 0,0.25,0.5,and 1.5 g/(kg.bw) respectively for 30 d and then 7 indexes of immune function were tested to judge the effects of the turtle peptide powder on immune system.Results In comparison with the control group,the delayed hypersensitivity was accelerated,and the quantity of the antibody-producing cell and the sheep erythrocyte antibody levels in serum were raised and the activity of NK cell was improved.Conclusion Turtle peptide powder could enhance immune function of mice.
Ergoline derivatives. Note XIII (1) alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs. (1975)

The synthesis and the pharmacological activities of 24 analogues of the alpha-adrenergic blocking drug, nicergoline (I b), are reported. The majority of the new compounds were found to be less active than (I b): the structure-activity relationships are presented and discussed.
Some Physical Properties of Ga<sub>2</sub>Se Single Crystals (1996)

Abstract Measurements of the electrical conductivity, Hall effect, thermnoelectric power were carried out in a wide temperature range (from about 170 to 475 K) for Ga 2 Se compound grown in single crystalline form. The present investigation revealed unusual observations in the Hall effect and the scattering mechanisms of the charge carriers indicating that Ga 2 Se is not a simple semiconductor. Also it showed that Ga 2 Se has a relatively high value of the thermoelectric power. A lot of physical parameters were deduced in the present study.
Authority vs Affinity: Modeling User Intent in Expert Finding (2010)

This paper considers the problem of recommending experts for a question. The problem of expert finding has been investigated in the past, within the context of information retrieval, where the focus has been on measuring expert authority. However, we treat the problem as a recommendation problem in the context of social search, that is, expert recommendations are personalized for a questioner based on his/her history. The intuition is that questioners look not only for authoritative responders, but for a combination of authority and personal trust or affinity. The significance of these factors depends on user intent in asking the question, and varies with each question, and with questioner personality. An iterative algorithm is proposed to model user intent for a question in terms of whether they are looking for authoritative experts, or individuals in their social networks, and an expert recommendation algorithm based on it is tested on data crawled from the Yahoo! Answers website.
Provably secure identity-based key agreement protocols under simple assumption (2010)

In this paper, we present a two-party identity-based key agreement protocol, which is provably secure without random oracles under three static assumptions. It is inspired on a new identity-based encrypt system proposed in TCC 2010 by Lewko and Waters. We show how this key agreement can be used in either escrowed or escrowless mode. We also modify the protocol in the escrow to provide perfect forward secrecy property.
Cooperative modulation techniques for long haul relay in sensor networks (2002)

Cooperative modulation techniques can reduce the energy requirements for the long haul transmission of data from localized sensor networks. This saving is vital in extending the battery life of power limited sensor nodes communicating over a time-limited channel. Several transmission methods, including a novel scheme that conveys information via node selection, are analyzed. The energy cost in local communications needed to support the cooperative long haul link is determined and used to make comparisons between the techniques.
Intestinal IgA plasma cells of the B1 lineage are IL‐5 dependent (1998)

Two lineages of B cells, designated B1 and B2 cells, have been identified based upon their origins, anatomical distribution, cell surface markers, antibody repertoire and self-replenishing potential. B1 cells are maintained by self-renewal of cells resident in the peritoneal cavity (PerC) and they utilize a limited repertoire of germline V-region genes, mostly directed against ubiquitous bacterial antigens such as phosphoryl choline (PC). B2 cells are replenished from bone marrow precursors and use a larger repertoire of immunoglobulin V-region genes. Whereas most immunoglobulin A (IgA) plasma cells in the intestine derive from B2 lineage precursors in the Peyer's patch, a subpopulation of Per C-derived B1 cells populate the intestinal lamina propria where they mature into IgA plasma cells. In previous in vivo studies we have shown that whereas IgA+ B2 cells are interleukin (IL)-6 dependent, B1 cells are IL-6 independent. In view of the in vitro evidence that IL-5 is also involved in IgA expression, in the studies reported here we have used IL-5-deficient mice to evaluate the role of IL-5 in vivo in IgA expression in the gut. The results demonstrate that although total IgA cell numbers are only marginally depressed in IL-5-deficient mice, there is a marked selective depletion of IgA+ cells of the B1 lineage in the gut and a corresponding depression in the capacity of these mice to mount an intestinal response to a B1 antigen (PC) but not to a B2 antigen (oralbumin; OVA), reflecting intact B2-derived IgA cell function but a defect in the B1 cell contribution to IgA responses in IL-5 deficient mice. Collectively these data demonstrate differential cytokine regulation of subsets of IgA+ cells in the gut in that IgA+ cells of the B2 lineage are IL-6 dependent but IL-5 independent, but B1-derived IgA+ cells are IL-5 dependent and IL-6 independent.
Optimizing Segmentation Strategies for Simultaneous Speech Translation (2014)

In this paper, we propose new algorithms for learning segmentation strategies for simultaneous speech translation. In contrast to previously proposed heuristic methods, our method finds a segmentation that directly maximizes the performance of the machine translation system. We describe two methods based on greedy search and dynamic programming that search for the optimal segmentation strategy. An experimental evaluation finds that our algorithm is able to segment the input two to three times more frequently than conventional methods in terms of number of words, while maintaining the same score of automatic evaluation. 1
Degaussing with BEM and MFS (1994)

Magnetic shielding or degaussing is a special subclass of inverse magnetic field problems targeted at minimizing the signature of a magnetizable object placed in an external field. This is usually accomplished by placing an appropriate "skin" of current around or just inside the object. The problem is more demanding than the typical inverse problem in that the goal is to reduce the induced field everywhere outside the object, thus making the target cost function difficult to construct. Boundary element methods (BEM) can be formulated in terms of equivalent surface currents which are representative of the pattern of surface current necessary to minimize the signature. This paper investigates how and under what conditions this is so. In addition the paper examines the application of the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) to the same problem. With MPS, the object cost function is integral to the formulation. Both methods are applied to simple two dimensional box structures placed in the Earth's field.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
300 mm Wafer Development for Pattern Collapse Evaluations (2018)

Over the past decade, many advanced drying techniques have been developed to reduce and prevent pattern collapse of high aspect ratio (HAR) structures after wet processing. However, different dimensions, profiles and materials of HAR structures used in literature make it difficult to compare the efficiency of different drying processes. In this work, standard 300 mm wafer test structures, characterization and analysis techniques have been developed for quantitative analysis of pattern collapse rate as a function of the intrinsic mechanical property of HAR structures. Such standardized single wafer evaluations are important for benchmarking different drying techniques.
θ-Defensins Prevent HIV-1 Env-mediated Fusion by Binding gp41 and Blocking 6-Helix Bundle Formation (2006)

Retrocyclin-1, a -defensin, protects target cells from human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) by preventing viral entry. To delineate its mechanism, we conducted fusion assays between susceptible target cells and effector cells that expressed HIV-1 Env. Retrocyclin-1 (4 microm) completely blocked fusion mediated by HIV-1 Envs that used CXCR4 or CCR5 but had little effect on cell fusion mediated by HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus Envs. Retrocyclin-1 inhibited HIV-1 Env-mediated fusion without impairing the lateral mobility of CD4, and it inhibited the fusion of CD4-deficient cells with cells bearing CD4-independent HIV-1 Env. Thus, it could act without cross-linking membrane proteins or inhibiting gp120-CD4 interactions. Retrocyclin-1 acted late in the HIV-1 Env fusion cascade but prior to 6-helix bundle formation. Surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed that retrocyclin bound the ectodomain of gp41 with high affinity in a glycan-independent manner and that it bound selectively to the gp41 C-terminal heptad repeat. Native-PAGE, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and CD spectroscopic analyses all revealed that retrocyclin-1 prevented 6-helix bundle formation. This mode of action, although novel for an innate effector molecule, resembles the mechanism of peptidic entry inhibitors based on portions of the gp41 sequence.
Comparative analysis of mid-spatial frequency errors measurement using multiple phase retrieval algorithms (2018)

In inertial confinement fusion high energy system, the mid-spatial frequency (MSF) errors of optical elements induced by computer numerical control tools lead to damage to the optical system. Based on the characteristics of the mid-spatial frequency errors, it is measured by using phase retrieval technology. Compared with conventional measurement methods such as interferometry, MSF errors can be measured by phase retrieval without complex measurement systems and large aperture optical elements with MSF errors can be measured via phase retrieval in theory. In this paper, we compare multiple phase retrieval algorithms that are used to measure optical element with MSF errors and explore approaches to improve the quality of results. First, we briefly introduce the feature of MSF errors and the relation between the wavefront of optical element with MSF errors and its diffraction pattern. Second, multiple phase retrieval algorithms including error-reduction (ER) algorithm, hybrid input-output (HIO) algorithm and oversampling smoothness (OSS) algorithm are adapted for the measurement of MSF errors. According to the bandwidth and structure characteristics of MSF errors, the convergence speed and the accuracy of above algorithms are discussed and compared. Then, according to the characteristics of different algorithms, different retrieved wavefront phase via using these algorithms are integrated to improve the accuracy of results. Last, based on the feature of MSF errors, the priori knowledge of algorithms is also discussed to further gear up the convergence speed and the accuracy of algorithms.
The Effect of Interferon-α on Beta-1 Integrin Mediated Adhesion and Growth Regulation in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (1998)

There is considerable interest in understanding the mechanisms by which interferon-alpha can induce hematological and cytogenetic remissions and prolong survival in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). There is evidence that the selective expansion and growth advantage of malignant hematopoietic progenitors in CML may be related, at least in part, to their deficient responsiveness to normal negative regulation by the marrow stromal microenvironment and that interferon-alpha may restore normal hematopoiesis in CML by restoring normal microenvironmental regulation of malignant CML progenitor proliferation. In normal hematopoiesis, beta1 integrin receptors mediate progenitor adhesion to stroma. Stimulation of beta1 integrin receptors on normal progenitors results in transmission of proliferation inhibitory signals. CML progenitors demonstrate defective beta1 integrin receptor-mediated adhesion and regulation of proliferation. We have shown that interferon-alpha can restore both beta1 integrin mediated adhesion as well as integrin-mediated proliferation inhibition of CML progenitors. Interferon-alpha enhances CML integrin function through direct effects on CML progenitors as well as indirect effects on stroma. Restored beta1 integrin-mediated regulation of malignant CML progenitor proliferation may result in restoration of normal hematopoiesis in CML patients treated with interferon-alpha. There is evidence that abnormal integrin mediated signaling in CML progenitors may result from abnormalities in integrin-cytoskeletal interactions induced by the p210BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase. Although the exact mechanisms by which interferon-alpha restores normal integrin signaling in CML are not known, preliminary studies indicate that this may at least partly be related to the restoration of normal integrin-cytoskeletal interactions. The above studies offer some insights into the mechanisms of abnormal hematopoietic regulation in CML and the mechanisms by which interferon-alpha may restore normal hematopoiesis, in this disease.
Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) coronagraphy: recent results and future prospects (2011)

The Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) concept uses aspheric optics to apodize a telescope beam for high contrast imaging. The lossless apodization, achieved through geometrical redistribution of the light (beam shaping) allows designs of high performance coronagraphs, ideally suited for direct imaging of exoplanets similar to Earth around nearby stars. The PIAA coronagraph concept has evolved since its original formulation to mitigate manufacturing challenges and improve performance. Our group is currently aiming at demonstrating PIAA coronagraphy in the laboratory to 1e-9 raw contrast at 2 λ/D separation. Recent results from the High Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT) at NASA JPL and the PIAA testbed at NASA Ames demonstrate contrasts about one order of magnitude from this goal at 2 λ/D. In parallel with our high contrast demonstration at 2λ/D, we are developing and testing new designs at a complementary testbed at NASA Ames, and solving associated technical challenges. Some of these new PIAA designs have been tested that can further mitigate PIAA manufacturing challenges while providing theoretically total starlight extinction and offering 50% throughput at less than 1 λ/D. Recent tests demonstrated on the order of 1e-6 contrast close to 1 λ/D (while maintaining 5e-8 contrast at 2 λ/D).
Prepubertal Ovarian Function Is Finely Regulated by Direct Adrenergic Influences. Role of Noradrenergic Innervation* (1984)

In the rat, the main source of adrenergic fibers innervating nonvascular ovarian tissue is the superior ovarian nerve (SON). To determine the influence of the SON on prepubertal ovarian function and, hence, on the time of puberty, several experiments were conducted. Transection of the SON in early juvenile rats (day 24) led to more than 60± depletion in ovarian norepinephrine (NE) content, but affected neither the timing of vaginal opening nor that of first ovulation. SON section, however, produced a 2-fold increase in β-adrenergic receptor density, with no change in affinity, suggesting that hypersensitivity by denervation had developed. Removal of all adrenergic influences from ovarian granulosa cells by culturing the isolated cells in vitro produced a striking increase in β-adrenergic receptor number, which was maximal at 72 h. In spite of this elevated receptor content, the β-adrenergic agonist Zinterol did not induce progesterone release unless the cells were previously exposed for 48 h to a physiological concentration of FSH. Both NE and epinephrine down-regulated the receptors in a dose-related manner, without affecting receptor affinity. To test the hypothesis that denervation of the ovary results in greater steroidal sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation, a model was constructed in which cells were simultaneously exposed to FSH and NE or epinephrine (innervated cells) or exposed only to FSH (denervated cells) for 48 h. The response to adrenergic stimulation was subsequently measured by incubating the cells with Zinterol for 24 h. Zinterol was highly effective in eliciting progesterone release from the denervated cells, but failed to do so in innervated cells. Additionally, the agonist increased cAMP in the former cells, but it was ineffective in the latter, indicating that prior exposure to catecholamines desensitized the adenyl cyclase enzyme coupled to jS-adrenergic receptor sites. The results suggest that during prepubertal maturation, noradrenergic fibers reaching the ovary via the SON may modify ovarian steroidogenic sensitivity to catecholamines, by regulating the number of functional β-adrenergic receptors in the gland. They also indicate that the apparent failure of SON denervation to alter the maturation of ovarian steroidogenesis and the time of puberty may be due to development of compensatory hypersensitivity after the denervation. (Endocrinology 114: 1845, 1984)
Comparison of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 clinical illnesses during the Taiwan enterovirus epidemic, 1998 (1999)

EV 71 illness is more severe with significantly greater frequency of serious complications and fatality than is illness caused by Cox A16.
Alkaloids of <i>Dichroa febrifuga</i>. I. Isolation and Degradative Studies (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkaloids of Dichroa febrifuga. I. Isolation and Degradative StudiesJ. B. Koepfli, J. F. Mead, and John A. BrockmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 3, 1048–1054Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01171a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01171a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views388Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study of the Anomalous Surface Reflection of X Rays (1965)

The anomalous surface reflection of x rays reported recently by Yoneda has been investigated for several materials using MoKα1, CuKα1, and CrKα1 radiation. The experimental evidence speaks strongly in favor of the Warren and Clarke interpretation in terms of totally reflected small-angle scattering. For clean surfaces the scattering appears to be due to surface irregularities of the bulk material itself. Because of its sensitivity to the roughness and chemical contamination of optically or near-optically finished surfaces, the Yoneda effect has considerable promise as a new x-ray tool for studying surfaces and thin films.
Cardiovascular Risk and Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase (2006)

This review confirms the findings from randomized trials regarding the risk of cardiovascular events with rofecoxib and suggests that celecoxib in commonly used doses may not increase the risk, contradicts claims of a protective effect of naproxen, and raises serious questions about the safety of diclofenac, an older drug.