gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Could Nicotine Antagonists be Used in Smoking Cessation? (1986)

Summary It is widely accepted that tobacco use is primarily a problem of drug dependence, with nicotine serving as the addictive agent. Nicotine itself is of some value as a therapeutic aid for people trying to give up smoking. The possible applications in this area of a different class of drug, nicotine antagonists, are reviewed. The receptor mediating the main central effects of nicotine resembles nicotinic‐cholinoceptive sites in ganglia of the autonomic nervous system; drugs which block ganglionic transmission also block the central effects of nicotine, including the positively reinforcing effect sought by smokers. Possible sub‐populations of smokers who might benefit from antagonist therapy are proposed, and the advantages and limitations of such an approach are discussed. Future prospects probably depend on the development of agents with more selective effects than those presently available.
Autologous Fat Grafting (2013)

Despite the significant research effort in this field, there remains no consensus as to the optimum technique. This stems from the vast array of research methods and short follow-up durations. Further, extrapolation of in vitro results to clinical settings has led to many conflicting practices.
Synthesis and Retrostructural Analysis of Libraries of AB<sub>3</sub> and Constitutional Isomeric AB<sub>2</sub> Phenylpropyl Ether-Based Supramolecular Dendrimers (2006)

We report the synthesis of methyl esters of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic, 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic, and 3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)propionic acids and their use in a convergent iterative strategy to prepare up to four generations of three libraries, one of 3,4,5- and two of constitutional isomeric 3,4- and 3,5-substituted 3-phenylpropyl dendrons. Each library contains 3-[3,4,5-tris(dodecyl-1-oxy)phenyl]propyl-, 3-[3,4-bis(dodecyl-1-oxy)phenyl]propyl-, 3-{3,4-bis[3-(4-dodecyl-1-oxyphenyl)propyl-1-oxy]phenyl}propyl-, and 3-{3,4,5-tris[3-(4-dodecyl-1-oxyphenyl)propyl-1-oxy]phenyl}propyl ether first-generation dendrons on their periphery and -CO2CH3, -COOH, and -CH2OH groups at their apex. Regardless of their generation number and their periphery, internal, and apex structures, these dendrons self-assemble into supramolecular dendrimers that self-organize into all periodic and quasi-periodic assemblies encountered previously and in several unencountered with architecturally related benzyl ether-based supramolecular dendrimers. A variety of porous columnar lattices that were previously obtained only from dendritic dipeptides and hollow supramolecular spheres were also discovered from these building blocks. The more flexible and less compact 3-phenylpropyl ether repeat units are stable under acidic conditions, facilitate a simpler synthetic strategy, provide faster dynamics of self-assembly into higher-order supramolecular structures of larger dimensions, exhibit lower transition temperatures than the corresponding benzyl ether homologues, and demonstrate the generality of the self-assembly concept based on amphiphilic dendrons.
Context-based recognition network adaptation for improving on-line ASR in Air Traffic Control (2014)

This paper presents an approach for incorporating situational context information into an on-line Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) component of an Air Traffic Control (ATC) assistance system to improve recognition performance. Context information is treated as prior information to reduce the search space for recognition. It is integrated in the ASR pipeline by continually updating the recognition network. This is achieved by automatically adapting the underlying grammar whenever new situational knowledge becomes available. The context-dependent recognition network is then re-created and substituted for recognition based on these context-dependent grammars. As a result, the recognizer's search space is constantly being limited to that subset of hypotheses that are deemed plausible in the current situation. Since recognition and adaptation tasks can be easily performed by two separate parallel processes, on-line capabilities of the system are maintained, and response times do not increase as a result of context integration. Experiments conducted on about two hours of ATC data show a reduction in command error rate by a factor of three when context is used.
MODEL SYSTEM FOR ISOLATION OF COMPETENT OVARIAN-CARCINOMA CELLS FROM FRESH TUMOR-TISSUE BY A MAGNETIC SEPARATION TECHNIQUE (MACS) (1995)

Flow cytometric analysis of tumor cells in carcinomas is hampered by the presence of a variety of different cells in the tumor tissue and the surrounding stroma. To obtain single competent tumor cells, we have established a model system which can be applied to separate living cells from fresh ovarian carcinoma tissue. Due to the lack of tumor-cell surface specific antibodies, we isolated tumor cells by a procedure called 'negative tumor cell selection'. For this purpose, fresh ovarian carcinoma tissue, immediately after surgery, was subjected to mechanical disintegration using an automated mincing device to obtain a single-cell suspension (approximately 10(7) cells/g). Collagenase D (0.005%) was added to prevent further aggregation. Cells other than tumor cells were then labeled with a set of monoclonal antibodies directed to cell surface antigens: CD3 (T-cells), CD14 (monocytes), CD15 (granulocytes), CD45R (T-/B-cells) and 5B5 (fibroblasts). Anti-isotype antibodies coupled to ferrit microbeads were then reacted with the cell suspension and those cells reacting with the microbeads retained on a steel wool matrix in a magnetic field (1). Tumor cells not reacting with the microbeads were recovered by a simple wash of the steel wool matrix. All incubation steps were at 4 degrees C. This procedure, which takes about 2 hours, enables fast and simple isolation of single, living competent tumor cells from fresh tumor tissue and also from ascitic or pleuritic effusions. In a model system with cultured ovarian carcinoma cells and human leukocytes, tumor cell purity was about 93% and about 97% when re-subjected to the same procedure (respective recovery rates 75% and 50%). The still unlabeled tumor cells can subsequently be analyzed by flow cytometry or by central laser scanning microscopy for the presence of various surface antigens including receptors for proteases or growth factors. Moreover, after detergent treatment and fixation, flow cytometric multiparameter analysis such as simultaneous labeling of intracellular and surface antigens as well as nuclear DNA staining for ploidy and S-phase determination becomes possible.
Detection and Estimation Methods for Biomedical Signals (1996)

Review and detection theory review and estimation theory estimation of signals in noises adaptive estimation of signals in noise singular valve decomposition Karhunen-Loeve transform and principle component analysis time-frequency representations of signals wavelet representations of signals.
Anaerobic regulation of the hydrogenase 1 (hya) operon of Escherichia coli (1994)

Using a transcriptional fusion to the lacZ gene, we have analyzed the anaerobic regulation of the hydrogenase 1 (hya) operon in response to different anaerobic growth conditions and to mutations in regulatory genes. We found that the transcription of the hya operon was induced when the growth condition was changed from aerobic to anaerobic and that this induction was independent of Fnr but dependent on regulators AppY and ArcA. Furthermore, we found that the transcription of the hya operon was not regulated by the cyclic AMP-cyclic AMP receptor protein complex. Investigation of the effects of different anaerobic growth conditions on the expression of the hya operon showed that expression was induced by formate and repressed by nitrate. Formate induction was not mediated by the fhlA gene product, and nitrate repression was not mediated by the narL gene product. We found a high level of anaerobic expression of the hya operon in glucose medium supplemented with formate and in glycerol medium supplemented with fumarate, suggesting that hydrogenase isoenzyme 1 has a function during both fermentative growth and anaerobic respiration.
[Action of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and cisplatin on two models of human digestive, esophageal and colonic, cancers]. (1995)

A combined therapy using a colony-stimulating factor and a chemotherapeutic agent has been designed, in vitro and in vivo, on digestive tumor cells to assess the effects of these agents administered alone or in combination, on the cells' or the tumor's growth rate. A recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rh G-CSF) and Cisplatin (CDDP) has been administered at various concentrations in vitro on oesophageal (ECYO) or on colonic (COLO 205) cell lines and in vivo on oesophagal tumor transplanted in Nude mice. In vitro, the oesophagal model is sensitive to G-CSF. The administration of G-CSF induces a stimulation of the cell proliferation. The DNA synthesis is stimulated or inhibited by low or high concentrations of G-CSF without any dose-response relationship. CDDP inhibits the DNA synthesis in ECYO cells. The association of the two agents leads to an activation of the DNA synthesis but only for some concentrations. On the contrary, the colonic model treated or not by CDDP is not sensitive to G-CSF. In vivo, G-CSF does not allow any inhibition or activation of oesophagal tumor's growth rate. CDDP alone is also inefficient. When G-CSF is administered before CDDP, there is no effect on the tumors. On the contrary, when G-CSF is administered with or after the chemotherapeutic agent, there is a significant inhibition of the tumor's growth rate.
Organic Builders. XX. (1986)

Poly (β-DL-malic acid) sodium salt (PMLA) with a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 30006000 was prepared by the ring-opening polymerization of benzyl malolactonate. Poly (DL-malic acid) sodium salt with both α and β ester linkages of malic acid (PMLA-D) was prepared by the direct polymerization of DL-malic acid in dimethylsulfoxide under reduced pressure at 90°C. The biodegradability of the polymer was studied under aerobic conditions using activated sludge, soil bacteria and poly (malic acid) assimilable bacteria obtained by enrichment culture techniques. The enzymatic degradation of poly (malic acid) was carried out so as to elucidate the mechanism of the biodegradation. The sequestration capacity for Ca (II) ions and dispersion capacity for MnO2 of both these salts were determined and compared in these respects with sodium tripolyphosphste (STPP), disodium 3-oxapentanedioate (ODA) and trisodium citrate. Their building performance in detergents was also examined.Poly (malic acid) s obtained both by ring-opening and direct polymerization showed excellent biodegradability with activated sludge and soil bacteria. The biodegradation of poly (malic acid) appeared to occur first by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the terminal ester group of the polymer by bacteria, giving monomeric malic acid. The malic acid was metabolized in an usual manner. The polymers examined in this report showed the comparable detergency building performance to that of trisodium citrate and ODA.
Free Radical Copolymerization Kinetics of γ-Methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (MeMBL) (2011)

The propagation kinetics and copolymerization behavior of the biorenewable monomer γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (MeMBL) are studied using the pulsed laser polymerization (PLP)/size exclusion chromatography (SEC) technique. The propagation rate coefficient for MeMBL is 15% higher than that of its structural analogue, methyl methacrylate (MMA), with a similar activation energy of 21.8 kJ·mol(-1). When compared to MMA, MeMBL is preferentially incorporated into copolymers when reacted with styrene (ST), MMA, and n-butyl acrylate (BA); the monomer reactivity ratios fit from bulk MeMBL/ST, MeMBL/MMA, and MeMBL/BA copolymerizations are r(MeMBL) = 0.80 ± 0.04 and r(ST) = 0.34 ± 0.04, r(MeMBL) = 3.0 ± 0.3 and r(MMA) = 0.33 ± 0.01, and r(MeMBL) = 7.0 ± 2.0 and r(BA) = 0.16 ± 0.03, respectively. In all cases, no significant variation with temperature was found between 50 and 90 °C. The implicit penultimate unit effect (IPUE) model was found to adequately fit the composition-averaged copolymerization propagation rate coefficient, k(p,cop), for the three systems.
Phenome Analysis in Plant Species Using Loss-of-Function and Gain-of-Function Mutants (2009)

Analysis of genetic mutations is one of the most effective ways to investigate gene function. We now have methods that allow for mass production of mutant lines and cells in a variety of model species. Recently, large numbers of mutant lines have been generated by both 'loss-of-function' and 'gain-of-function' techniques. In parallel, phenotypic information covering various mutant resources has been acquired and released in web-based databases. As a result, significant progress in comprehensive phenotype analysis is being made through the use of these tools. Arabidopsis and rice are two major model plant species in which genome sequencing projects have been completed. Arabidopsis is the most widely used experimental plant, with a large number of mutant resources and several examples of systematic phenotype analysis. Rice is a major crop species and is used as a model plant, with an increasing number of mutant resources. Other plant species are also being employed in functional genetics research. In this review, the present status of mutant resources for large-scale studies of gene function in plant research and the current perspective on using loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutants in phenome research will be discussed.
Mild, Rhodium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination of Unactivated Terminal and Internal Alkenes with Primary and Secondary Amines (2008)

We report a series of mild, rhodium-catalyzed hydroaminations of unactivated olefins with primary and secondary alkylamines to form the corresponding five- and six-membered products in excellent yields. The reactions form exclusively the product from hydroamination without competitive oxidative amination or olefin isomerization with catalysts generated from a biaryl dialkyl phosphine and an analogue of Xantphos. A variety of functional groups were tolerated by the hydroamination process, including hydroxyl, halo, cyano, and carboalkoxyl groups.
Clinical value of Postoperative radiation therapy for thymic tumors: a retrospective study from the Chinese Alliance for Research of Thymoma (2015)

Objective
To determine the value of postoperative radiation therapy in stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ thymic tumors.


Methods
The data of patients from the Chinese Alliance of Research for Thymomas (ChART) database between April 1994 and March 2013 were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were divided into postoperative radiation therapy group and non-postoperative radiation therapy group. The prognosis was estimated with Kaplan-Meier method, and the multi-variate survival analysis was carried out using Cox proportional hazard model.


Results
Pathological type, Masaoka-Koga stage and completion of resection were main prognostic factors of thymic tumors. For the thymic tumor patients with complete resection, the 5-year survival of patients in postoperative radiation therapy group and non-postoperative radiation therapy group were 87.7%±2.5% and 87.8%±4.0%, and the 10-year survival were 80.8%±3.6% and 83.8%±5.4%, respectively(P=0.529, log-rank test). For the thymic tumor patients with incomplete resection, the 5-year survival of patients in postoperative radiation therapy group and non-postoperative radiation therapy group were 73.4%±6.1% and 40.4%±15.5%, and the 10-year survival were 46.3%±12.4% and 40.4%±15.5%, respectively(P=0.017, log-rank test). For the thymic carcinoma patients, the 5-year survival of patients in postoperative radiation therapy group and non-postoperative radiation therapy group were 79.3%±3.9% and 65.4%±11.1%, and the 10-year survival were 49.2%±10.6% and 54.5%±13.6%, respectively(P=0.054, Breslow test).


Conclusions
Postoperative radiation therapy after complete resection does not improve the prognosis of thymic tumors. Postoperative radiation therapy is associated with improved prognosis in patients receiving incomplete resection with thymomas and those with thymic carcinoma.


Key words: 
Thymic tumor; Thymic carcinoma; Postoperative radiation therapy; Prognosis
Purification of Oxysterol Binding Protein from Hamster Liver Cytosol (1989)

We have purified to apparent homogeneity an oxysterol binding protein from cytosol of hamster livers. This protein, which corresponds to the protein described by Taylor and Kandutsch (Taylor, F. R., and Kandutsch, A. (1985) Chem. Phys. Lipids 38, 187-194), binds oxysterols such as 25-hydroxycholesterol but does not bind cholesterol or steroid hormones in vitro. It may participate in the feedback repression of enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis and the low density lipoprotein receptor. The protein was purified more than 40,000-fold with a series of ion exchange chromatography steps. The final preparation contained a doublet of peptides with molecular weights (Mr) of 101,000 and 96,000, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These components formed a complex that migrated on gel filtration with an apparent Mr of 280,000 in the absence or presence of 25-hydroxycholesterol. The amino acid sequence of a tryptic peptide from this protein complex was obtained, and a monoclonal antipeptide antibody was prepared. The antibody stained both the 101,000- and 96,000-Da proteins on immunoblots, suggesting that these two components are closely related and that one may be a modified or proteolyzed form of the other. With the purified protein now available, it should become possible to determine the role, if any, that this protein plays in the regulation of intracellular cholesterol metabolism.
Strong DNA binding by covalently linked dimeric Lac headpiece: Evidence for the crucial role of the hinge helices (2001)

The combined structural and biochemical studies on Lac repressor bound to operator DNA have demonstrated the central role of the hinge helices in operator bending and the induction mechanism. We have constructed a covalently linked dimeric Lac-headpiece that binds DNA with four orders of magnitude higher affinity as compared with the monomeric form. This enabled a detailed biochemical and structural study of Lac binding to its cognate wild-type and selected DNA operators. The results indicate a profound contribution of hinge helices to the stability of the protein-DNA complex and highlight their central role in operator recognition. Furthermore, protein-DNA interactions in the minor groove appear to modulate hinge helix stability, thus accounting for affinity differences and protein-induced DNA bending among the various operator sites. Interestingly, the in vitro DNA-binding affinity of the reported dimeric Lac construct can de readily modulated by simple adjustment of redox conditions, thus rendering it a potential artificial gene regulator.
<scp>l</scp>‐type amino acid transporter 1 and CD98 expression in primary and metastatic sites of human neoplasms (2008)

The significance of L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) 1 expression remains unclear in the metastatic process of human neoplasms, whereas experimental studies have demonstrated that LAT1 is associated with the metastatic process of cancer cells. We compared the immunohistochemical expression of LAT1 and CD98 between the primary site and a concordant pulmonary metastatic site in 93 cancer patients, all of whom had undergone thoracotomy. LAT1, CD98, Ki-67 labeling index, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31, and CD34 were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining in the resected tumors of 93 cancer patients: 45 colon cancers; nine breast cancers; eight head and neck cancers; 11 genital cancers; 14 soft-tissue sarcomas; and six other cancers. The expression of these markers was significantly higher in the metastatic sites than in the primary sites. In total, the positive rates of LAT1, CD98, Ki-67, VEGF, CD31, and CD34 were 40, 24, 56, 41, 45, and 39%, respectively, in the primary sites and 65, 45, 84, 67, 73, and 61%, respectively, in the metastatic sites. LAT1 expression was closely correlated with CD98 expression, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. The association between LAT1 and CD98 expression was strongest in the primary and metastatic sites. The present study suggests that overexpression of LAT1 and CD98 has an important role to play in the metastatic process of variable human neoplasms. Moreover, LAT1 expression was significantly correlated with cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
A Modular Battery Management System for HEVs (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Proper electric and thermal management of an HEV battery pack, consisting of many modules of cells, is imperative. During operation, voltage and temperature differences in the modules/cells can lead to electrical imbalances from module to module and decrease pack performance by as much as 25%. An active battery management system (BMS) is a must to monitor, control, and balance the pack. The University of Toledo, with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy and in collaboration with DaimlerChrysler and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has developed a modular battery management system for HEVs. This modular unit is a 2<sup>nd</sup> generation system, as compared to a previous 1<sup>st</sup> generation centralized system.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This 2<sup>nd</sup> generation prototype can balance a battery pack based on cell-to-cell measurements and active equalization. The system was designed to work with several battery types, including lithium ion, NiMH, or lead acid. Surface mount technology is used throughout to reduce volume, mass, and cost. The weight and volume of the 2<sup>nd</sup> generation are estimated to be 70% and 87%, respectively, less than the 1<sup>st</sup> generation.</div>
Steering into new horizons (2000)

Hart's E and P recently was invited to examine some of the latest downhole drilling tools on the market at Sperry-Sun's Nisku facility in Alberta. Sperry-Sun claims Geo-Pilot, integrated with the group's built-in logging-while-drilling (LWD) sensors, enables operators to drill far more complex directional and extended-reach wells than ever before. The Geo-Pilot's self-correcting technology enables users to maintain the desired toolface and percent bit lift while maximizing rate of penetration (ROP). Sperry Sun suggests this is because Geo-Pilot does not rely on the axial forces of sliding to steer the bit. Steering by sliding is normally accompanied by significant drag, which can limit the ability to transfer weight to the bit. A lack of weight on bit (WOB) can dramatically affect ROP. The paper discusses its promising field results, better hole quality, and at-the-kit measurements.
Programmable Mechanical Resonances in MEMS by Localized Joule Heating of Phase Change Materials (2013)

A programmable micromechanical resonator based on a VO2 thin film is reported. Multiple mechanical eigenfrequency states are programmed using Joule heating as local power source, gradually driving the phase transition of VO2 around its Metal-Insulator transition temperature. Phase coexistence of domains is used to tune the stiffness of the device via local control of internal stresses and mechanical properties. This study opens perspectives for developing mechanically configurable nanostructure arrays.