gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Two-Stage Adaptive Clustering Approach for 3D Point Clouds (2019)

In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient method for the 3D point clouds clustering. Emitted from the 3D Lidar sensor that amounted on the top of the vehicle, the point clouds are sparse and disordered, which bring difficulties in the clustering stage. Clustering the points into optional meaningful objects is the primary work in the perception of the autonomous vehicle, whose performance and efficiency will directly affect the subsequent pipeline including recognition, classification and tracking. Focusing on the sparse and disordered characteristics of point clouds and the requirements of our actual scene, we developed a two-stage adaptive method. In the first stage, we use the Euclidean-based method combined with a sliding window to get small subclusters. In the second stage, we use the adaptive DBSCAN algorithm to get the result clusters, which can efficiently avoid the over segmentation problems.
Lost Mold‐Rapid Infiltration Forming of Mesoscale Ceramics: Part 2, Geometry and Strength Improvements (2009)

Iterative process improvements have been used to eliminate strength-limiting geometric flaws in mesoscale bend bars composed of yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP). These improvements led to large quantities of high bend strength material. The metrology of Y-TZP mesoscale bend bars produced using a novel lost mold-rapid infiltration-forming process (LM-RIF) is characterized over several process improvements. These improvements eliminate trapezoidal cross sections in the parts, reduce concave upper surfaces in cross section, and minimize warping along the long axis of 332 x 26 x 17 mum mesoscale bend bars. The trapezoidal cross sections of earlier, first-generation parts were due to the absorption of high-energy ultraviolet (UV) light during the photolithographic mold-forming process, which produced nonvertical mold walls that the parts mirrored. The concave upper surfaces in cross section were eliminated by implementing a RIF-buffing process. Warping during sintering was attributed to impurities in the substrate, which creates localized grain growth and warping as the tetragonal phase becomes destabilized. Precision in the part dimensions is demonstrated using optical profilometry on bend bars and a triangular test component. The bend bar dimensions have a 95% confidence interval of < +/-1 mum, and the tip radius of the triangular test component is 3 mum, consistent with the UV-photolithographic process used to form the mold cavities. The average bend strength of the mesoscale Y-TZP bend exceeds 2 GPa with a Weibull modulus equal to 6.3.
Noncovalent Synthesis: Using Physical-Organic Chemistry To Make Aggregates (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNoncovalent Synthesis: Using Physical-Organic Chemistry To Make AggregatesGeorge M. Whitesides, Eric E. Simanek, John P. Mathias, Christopher T. Seto, Donovan Chin, Mathai Mammen, and Dana M. GordonCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 1, 37–44Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00049a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00049a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3607Altmetric-Citations913LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detecting urban vegetation from IKONOS data using an object-oriented approach (2005)

Urban vegetation plays a very important role in urban planning, environmental protecting, and sustainable development policy making. High resolution remote sensing imageries like IKONOS can provide such information economically and timely. However, the traditional classifying method based on pixel results in poor accuracy for the increased resolution causes not only in inter-class spectral variability but also intra-class spectral variability. Thus, developing a new method to extract thematic information from high resolution remotely sensed data might become one of the most challenging tasks of remote sensing within the coming years. This research proposed an object-oriented method to obtain the distribution of grass and tree in urban environment. The whole process included two steps: first, the original IKONOS data and the derived data of NDVI and VI were segmented at scale 5 and then, the objects obtained from this finer segmentation process were classified into two categories (vegetation and non-vegetation) using the feature space composed of mean NDVI, ratio near- infra, mean VI, ratio green band, and mean red band; second, the data of IKONOS, NDVI and VI within the vegetation area were segmented at scale 100, and then the objects from this lager scale segmentation were classified by the feature of Stddev red- infra into grass and tree. The result of accuracy assessment showed that the proposed method had produced distributed vegetation with over 97% overall accuracy.
Realistic animation of rigid bodies (1988)

The theoretical background and implementation for a computer animation system to model a general class of three dimensional dynamic processes for arbitrary rigid bodies is presented. The simulation of the dynamic interaction among rigid bodies takes into account various physical characteristics such as elasticity, friction, mass, and moment of inertia to produce rolling and sliding contacts. If a set of bodies is statically unstable, the system dynamically drives it toward a stable configuration while obeying the geometric constraints of the system including general non-holonomic constraints. The system also provides a physical environment with which objects animated using more traditional techniques can interact. The degree of interaction is easily controlled by the animator. A computationally efficient method to merge kinematics and dynamics for articulated rigid bodies to produce realistic motion is presented.
Laboratory Detection of Enterobacteriaceae That Produce Carbapenemases (2012)

A study was designed to evaluate the modified Hodge test (MHT), Mastdiscs ID inhibitor combination disks (MDI), Rosco Diagnostica Neo-Sensitabs (RDS), metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) Etest, and in-house multiplex PCR for the detection of well-characterized carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. One hundred forty-two nonrepeat clinical isolates of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (including Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterobacter spp.) obtained from the SMART worldwide surveillance program during 2008 to 2009 were included. These included 49 KPC-, 27 NDM-, 19 VIM-, 14 OXA-48-like enzyme-, and 5 IMP-producing isolates and 28 carbapenem-resistant, carbapenemase-negative isolates. The manufacturer's instructions were followed for MDI, RDS, and MBL Etest and CLSI guidelines for MHT. A multiplex PCR was designed to detect KPC, NDM, VIM, IMP, and OXA-48-like carbapenemases. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity were 78% and 93% for MDI, 80% and 93% for RDS, 58% and 93% for MHT, and 55% and 100% for MBL Etest, respectively. The PCR had 100% sensitivity and specificity. MDI and RDS performed well for the detection of KPCs and NDMs but poorly for VIMs, IMPs, and OXA-48-like enzymes. MHT performed well for KPCs and OXA-48-like enzymes but poorly for NDMs, VIMs, and IMPs. MDI and RDS were easy to perform and interpret but lacked sensitivity for OXA-48-like enzymes, VIMs, and IMPs. MHT and MBL Etest were often difficult to interpret. We recommend using molecular tests for the optimal detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
In Vivo Mitochondrial Function in Idiopathic and Genetic Parkinson’s Disease (2019)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with brain mitochondrial dysfunction. High-energy phosphates (HEPs), which rely on mitochondrial functioning, may be considered potential biomarkers for PD. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>31</sup>P-MRS) is a suitable tool to explore in vivo cerebral energetics. We considered 10 <sup>31</sup>P-MRS studies in order to highlight the main findings about brain energetic compounds in patients affected by idiopathic PD and genetic PD. The studies investigated several brain areas such as frontal lobes, occipital lobes, temporoparietal cortex, visual cortex, midbrain, and basal ganglia. Resting-state studies reported contrasting results showing decreased as well as normal or increased HEPs levels in PD patients. Functional studies revealed abnormal PCr + βATP levels in PD subjects during the recovery phase and abnormal values at rest, during activation and recovery in one PD subject with PINK1 gene mutation suggesting that mitochondrial machinery is more impaired in PD patients with PINK1 gene mutation. PD is characterized by energetics impairment both in idiopathic PD as well as in genetic PD, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies the disease. Studies are still sparse and sometimes contrasting, maybe due to different methodological approaches. Further studies are needed to better assess the role of mitochondria in the PD development.
Interplanetary space weather effects on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter avalanche photodiode performance (2016)

Space weather is a major concern for radiation-sensitive space systems, particularly for interplanetary missions, which operate outside of the protection of Earth's magnetic field. We examine and quantify the effects of space weather on silicon avalanche photodiodes (SiAPDs), which are used for interplanetary laser altimeters and communications systems and can be sensitive to even low levels of radiation (less than 50 cGy). While ground-based radiation testing has been performed on avalanche photodiode (APDs) for space missions, in-space measurements of SiAPD response to interplanetary space weather have not been previously reported. We compare noise data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) SiAPDs with radiation measurements from the onboard Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) instrument. We did not find any evidence to support radiation as the cause of changes in detector threshold voltage during radiation storms, both for transient detector noise and long-term average detector noise, suggesting that the approximately 1.3 cm thick shielding (a combination of titanium and beryllium) of the LOLA detectors is sufficient for SiAPDs on interplanetary missions with radiation environments similar to what the LRO experienced (559 cGy of radiation over 4 years).
The Biological Activity of Nonsteroidal Vitamin D Hormone Analogs Lacking Both the C- and D-Rings (1998)

1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is a key calcium-regulating hormone but also displays potent differentiating and antiproliferative activities on many cell types. The structural requirements of this secosteroid hormone have been extensively studied for the A-ring and side chain, whereas relatively little is known about the requirements of the natural CD-ring structure for the vitamin D-like biological activity. We have embarked on a vast program in which derivatives were synthesized and evaluated characterized by profound structural changes in the central C/D-region. This first series of nonsteroidal analogs consists of (1R,3S)-5-((Z,2E)-4-((1S,3S)-3-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-1,2,2-++ +trimethylcyclopentyl)-2-butenylidene)-4-methylenecyclohexan e-1,3-diol (KS 176) and derivatives thereof. These analogs are characterized by the absence of normal C- and D-rings and by the presence of an unnatural five-membered ring which we call the E-ring. KS 176 with the otherwise natural side chain structure of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 has between 10 and 30% of the biological activity of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 when tested in vitro (prodifferentiating effects on HL-60 and MG-63; antiproliferating activity on MCF-7 and keratinocytes) but has minimal in vivo calcemic effects. Introduction of several side chain modifications created analogs with increased intrinsic noncalcemic biological properties, whereas their calcemic potency remains very low. These data demonstrate that the full CD-rings are not mandatory for the biological activity of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 since they can be replaced by a new ring structure which generates an appropriate spacing of the A-seco B-rings in relation to the side chain. The biological activity of these nonsteroidal analogs probably involves a classical genomic activation since they are also active in transfection assays using an osteocalcin vitamin D responsive element coupled to a human growth hormone reporter gene.
Effect of Intestinal Exclusion in Escherichia coli Endotoxin Shock (1967)

IN THE PAST few years, numerous reports have appeared in the literature concerning the etiology and significance of the hemorrhagic intestinal lesion in<i>Escherichia coli</i>endotoxin shock in dogs.<sup>1-3</sup>These reports, as well as previous studies from our laboratory, have stimulated further investigation of this lesion. It has been shown, for example, that treatment with hyperbaric oxygen alone,<sup>4</sup>or in combination with low molecular weight dextran,<sup>5</sup>prolongs survival in animals subjected to<i>E coli</i>endotoxin. It was observed that in these animals, the prolongation of survival was consistently paralleled by a delay in onset of the classic intestinal lesion (Fig 1). In studies by Alican,<sup>6</sup>Lillehei,<sup>7,8</sup>and others, using hydrocortisone, phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline), or chlorpromazine, improved survival has been noted, and in these reports, an associated protection of the small intestine occurred. In experiments recently reported, enterectomy was shown to improve survival statistics.<sup>9</sup>In these
Design of a fully integrated CMOS self-testable RF power amplifier using a thermal sensor (2012)

This paper presents a wideband RF power amplifier (PA) dedicated to 2GHz applications integrating a contact-less temperature sensor that allows on-chip observation and testing of the PA. Indeed, based on the static and dynamic local temperature changes caused by the PA operation, the thermal sensor can sense parameters such as output power or efficiency. This principle is applied to a 65nm CMOS PA with an OCP1 of 21dBm. We demonstrate that the output voltage of the thermal sensor follows the PA efficiency under single tone and multi-tone input signal conditions.
A novel P2X4 receptor-selective antagonist produces anti-allodynic effect in a mouse model of herpetic pain (2016)

Accumulating evidence indicates that purinergic P2X4 receptors (P2X4R: cation channels activated by extracellular ATP) expressed in spinal microglia are crucial for pathological chronic pain caused by nerve damage, suggesting a potential target for drug discovery. We identified NP-1815-PX (5-[3-(5-thioxo-4H-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl]-1H-naphtho[1, 2-b][1,4]diazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione) as a novel antagonist selective for P2X4R with high potency and selectivity compared with other P2XR subtypes. In in vivo assay for acute and chronic pain, intrathecal administration of NP-1815-PX produced an anti-allodynic effect in mice with traumatic nerve damage without affecting acute nociceptive pain and motor function (although its oral administration did not produce the effect). Furthermore, in a mouse model of herpetic pain, P2X4R upregulation in the spinal cord exclusively occurred in microglia, and intrathecal NP-1815-PX suppressed induction of mechanical allodynia. This model also showed K(+)/Cl(-) cotransporter 2 (KCC2) downregulation, which is implicated in dorsal horn neuron hyperexcitability; this downregulation was restored by intrathecal treatment with NP-1815-PX or by interfering with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, a P2X4R-activated microglial factor implicated in KCC2 downregulation. Taken together, the newly developed P2X4R antagonist NP-1815-PX produces anti-allodynic effects in chronic pain models without altering acute pain sensitivity, suggesting that microglial P2X4R could be an attractive target for treating chronic pain.
Inflation, Banking, and Economic Growth (2006)

The world has seen a dramatic decline in inflation rates in recent decades, but concerns about inflation may still be warranted, especially in some countries. Evidence is mounting that inflation is harmful to economic activity even at fairly modest rates of inflation because of the way it adversely affects the banking sector and investment.
Recent developments in entropy‐driven ring‐opening metathesis polymerization: Mechanistic considerations, unique functionality, and sequence control (2019)

ABSTRACT Entropy‐driven ROMP (ED‐ROMP) involves polymerization of olefin‐containing macrocyclic monomers under entropically favorable conditions. Macrocycles can be prepared from a variety of interesting molecules which, when polymerized, impart unique functionality to the resulting polymer backbone such as degradable linkages, biological moieties, crystallizable groups, or supramolecular hosts. In addition, the sequence of atoms in the cyclic monomer is preserved within the polymer repeating units, allowing for facile preparation of sequence‐defined polymers. In this review article, we consider how the mechanism of ROMP applies to ED polymerizations, how olefinic macrocycles are synthesized, and how polymerization conditions can be tuned to maximize conversion. Recent works in the past 10 years are highlighted, with emphasis on methods which can be employed to achieve fast polymerization kinetics and/or selective head‐to‐tail regiochemistry, thus improving polymerization control. ED‐ROMP, with its unique capability to produce polymers with well‐defined polymer backbone microstructure, represents an essential complement to other, well‐established, metathesis methodologies such as ROMP. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1621–1634
Destruction as a Mode of Creation (1974)

marvelous temple apart. A child drops his grandmother's precious Ming bowl. Art objects are thus destroyed, and we note it sadly. It should not happen that way, but accidents, we say, do happen. 2. Wearing out. A visitor to Milan of a different century saw a different Leonardo fresco from the one we see. The Last Supper has suffered irreparable disintegration. Now hardly recognizable, in spite of the Pelliccioli restorations, it has been the victim of accelerating deterioration of materials. In Venice sulfurous industrial gases mix with rain water and air to become an acid deadly to many of the statues and stone buildings. The whole city is a victim of a cruel dissolution, not natural, but not unrelated to certain natural processes of wind, rain, and weather. This tragic destruction causes concern in every center of antiquities, and also in moder cities which are sometimes even less resistant to pollution damage. Ancient manuscripts must be kept hermetically sealed and protected from light, even in the best environ-
High sensitivity 2 T vibrating sample magnetometer (1999)

A new version of the vibrating sample magnetometer with a 2 T vertical axis superconducting magnet has been developed. The vertical vibration is made by a small superconducting magnet fed with an alternating current exerting a force on a magnet fixed on the sample rod. The latter, which is very light (10–20 g), is centered by two CuBe springs so as to eliminate random frictions. The sensitivity is 2.10−7 emu. Any temperature between 1.5 and 300 K can be regulated within 0.01 K. The remanent field is about 10−5 T.
Influence of Sodium Chloride, pH, and Lactic Acid Bacteria on Anaerobic Lactic Acid Utilization during Fermented Cucumber Spoilage (2012)

Microbial spoilage of fermented cucumbers during bulk storage causes economic losses for producers. Current knowledge is insufficient to predict or control these losses. This study demonstrated that in the absence of oxygen, cucumbers fermented with 6% sodium chloride to pH 3.2 were not subject to spoilage. However, lactic acid was degraded by spoilage microorganisms in reduced salt, even with pH as low as 3.2. Efforts to reduce salt in commercial brining operations will need to include control measures for this increased susceptibility to spoilage. Lactobacillus buchneri was identified as a potential causative agent and could be used as a target in development of such control measures.
AN ANALYSIS OF READING PROFILE OF GENERATION-X IN SINGAPORE (2011)

Introduction. Based on generational analysis approach, reading profile of 180 Singaporean indicated that Xers tended to adopt pragmatic and utilitarian approach towards reading. Only slightly more than half of the group read regularly. Top reasons for the lack of reading were time, energy and the preference for television and internet-related activities. Method. Questionnaire survey was used on Gen-Xers born between years 1965 – 1980 recruited randomly via social network and through emails. A hundred and eighty responses were gathered. Study focused on attitudes, motivation, and preferences for reading. These were cross examined with demographic variables of gender, education, marital status, and parenthood. Results. Readers tended to adopt pragmatic and utilitarian approach towards reading. Convenience often guided their choice of knowledge acquisition, reading habits and preferences. Their primary goals for reading are information and personal development first, followed by relaxation. Although tradition prints of newspapers and magazines still enjoyed stronghold, reading of Internet pages are a norm to many readers. Reading preferences varied along demographic lines. Education was a strong predictor for attitudes and motivations. Attitude, motivation and reading preferences differed according to gender. Participants with children saw significant changes and preferences. Conclusion. New media such as Internet and TV and changes in lifestyle have affected the reading patterns. These changing reading trends suggest shift in focus of services offered by libraries.
Relationship between Glutathione Contents and Generation Times in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1986)

Journal Article Relationship between Glutathione Contents and Generation Times in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Get access Kousaku Murata, Kousaku Murata Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Kimura Akira Kimura Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 50, Issue 4, 1 April 1986, Pages 1055–1056, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1986.10867515 Published: 01 April 1986 Article history Received: 02 October 1985 Published: 01 April 1986