gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IMMINENT THREAT (2008)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTIMMINENT THREATAs GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA become resistant to current antibiotics, the search for new drugs acceleratesLISA M. JARVISView Author Information C&EN NORTHEAST NEWS BUREAUCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2008, 86, 15, 22–24Publication Date (Print):April 14, 2008Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 14 April 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v086n015.p022https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v086n015.p022newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Infectious diseases,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
The Helix-Hinge-Helix Structural Motif in Human Apolipoprotein A-I Determined by NMR Spectroscopy<sup>,</sup> (1997)

The conformation of a synthetic peptide of 46 residues from apoA-I was investigated by fluorescence, CD, and 2D NMR spectroscopies in lipid-mimetic environments. ApoA-I(142-187) is mainly unstructured in water but helical in SDS or dodecylphosphocholine (DPC), although the peptide only associates with DPC at approximately the critical micellar concentration. Solution structures of apoA-I(142-187) were determined by distance geometry calculations based on 450 (in DPC-d38) or 397 (in SDS-d25) NOE-derived distance restraints, respectively. Backbone RMSDs for superimposing the two helical regions 146-162 and 168-182 are 0.98 +/- 0.22 (2.38 +/- 0.20) and 1.99 +/- 0.42 (2.02 +/- 0.21) A in DPC (SDS), respectively. No interhelical NOE was found, suggesting that helix-helix interactions between the two helical domains in apoA-I(142-187) are unlikely. Similar average, curved helix-hinge-helix structures were found in both SDS and DPC micelles with the hydrophobic residues occupying the concave face, indicating that hydrophobic interactions dominate. Intermolecular NOESY experiments, performed in the presence of 50% protonated SDS, confirm that the two amphipathic helices and Y166 in the hinge all interact with the micelle. The involvement of Y166 in lipid binding is supported by fluorescence spectroscopy as well. On the basis of all the data above, we propose a model for the peptide-lipid complexes wherein the curved amphipathic helix-hinge-helix structural motif straddles the micelle. The peptide-aided signal assignment achieved for apoA-I(122-187) (66mer) and apoA-I suggests that such a structural motif is retained in the longer peptide and most likely in the intact protein.
Dialog Intent Induction via Density-based Deep Clustering Ensemble (2022)

Existing task-oriented chatbots heavily rely on spoken language understanding (SLU) systems to determine a user's utterance's intent and other key information for fulfilling specific tasks. In real-life applications, it is crucial to occasionally induce novel dialog intents from the conversation logs to improve the user experience. In this paper, we propose the Density-based Deep Clustering Ensemble (DDCE) method for dialog intent induction. Compared to existing K-means based methods, our proposed method is more effective in dealing with real-life scenarios where a large number of outliers exist. To maximize data utilization, we jointly optimize texts' representations and the hyperparameters of the clustering algorithm. In addition, we design an outlier-aware clustering ensemble framework to handle the overfitting issue. Experimental results over seven datasets show that our proposed method significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art baselines.
The industrialization of the Silicon Photonics: Technology road map and applications (2012)

The R&D maturity level reached by the Silicon Photonics technology envisions a clear road map fitting the needs and the challenges of the future ICT (Information Communication Technology) systems and services. Four key applications will drive the evolution: intensive computing, broadband communication, mass storage and consumer multimedia. The Silicon Photonics technology, ported in the 300 mm silicon wafer fabs, together with the most advanced package techniques, will offer a low cost manufacturing infrastructure for 3D heterogeneous system integration. Starting from a summary of the peculiarities of this technology, the unprecedented level of miniaturization and power consumption reduction, this paper will address several disruptive applications: starting from active optical cables, going to optical modules, to inter-chips communications, up to intra-chip applications, it will be shown how the Silicon Photonics technology will progressively evolve from 40 Gbps to 3200 Gbps rate, from 20 pJ/bit to 1 pJ/bit dissipation, from 4 $/Gbps to 0.04 $/Gbps cost and from 250 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> /Gbps to 0.05 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> /Gbps volume. Furthermore, a picture on how industry is preparing for the massive adoption of Silicon Photonics, by exploiting the existing large scale semiconductor manufacturing environment, will be provided.
Plasma Leptin and Insulin Relationships in Obese and Nonobese Humans (1996)

Hyperinsulinemia. is associated with an overexpression of mRNA for the ob protein leptin in rodent models of genetic obesity, and insulin has been reported to directly stimulate leptin mRNA in rat adipocytes. Human obesity is also associated with increased leptin mRNA as well as plasma levels, but there have been no reports of the effect of insulin on leptin secretion. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that insulin stimulates leptin secretion in humans. Using a newly developed leptin assay, immunoreactive leptin was measured in fasting and postprandial plasma samples from 27 healthy adults and in samples before and during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic then stepped hypoglycemic (hourly steps at 85, 75, 65, 55, and 45 mg/dl) clamps from 10 healthy subjects and 11 patients with IDDM. Plasma leptin was correlated (r = 0.84, P = 0.0005) with BMI in obese but not nonobese subjects and with fasting (r = 0.75, P = 0.008) but not postprandial plasma insulin levels. (Leptin levels did not change postprandially.) Euglycemic hyperinsulinemia did not alter leptin levels, nor did hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Thus, because circulating leptin levels are not increased during postprandial hyperinsulinemia or during euglycemic (or hypoglycemic) hyperinsulinemia, we conclude that, at least in the short term, insulin does not increase leptin secretion in humans and that hyperleptinemia in obese individuals is not likely the result of hyperinsulinemia.
Frequency component selection for an EEG-based brain to computer interface (1999)

A new communication channel for severely handicapped people could be opened with a direct brain to computer interface (BCI). Such a system classifies electrical brain signals online. In a series of training sessions, where electroencephalograph (EEG) signals are recorded on the intact scalp, a classifier is trained to discriminate a limited number of different brain states. In a subsequent series of feedback sessions, where the subject is confronted with the classification results, the subject tries to reduce the number of misclassifications. In this study the relevance of different spectral components is analyzed: 1) on the training sessions to select optimal frequency bands for the feedback sessions and 2) on the feedback sessions to monitor changes.
Establishment of Cell Lines with Rat Spermatogonial Stem Cell Characteristics (2002)

Spermatogonial cell lines were established by transfecting a mixed population of purified rat A(s) (stem cells), A(pr) and A(al) spermatogonia with SV40 large T antigen. Two cell lines were characterized and found to express Hsp90alpha and oct-4, specific markers for germ cells and A spermatogonia, respectively. Expression of c-kit, normally expressed in A spermatogonia from late A(al) spermatogonia onwards, could not be detected in either cell line. Furthermore, no expression of vimentin (Sertoli cell marker) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (peritubular cell marker) could be found. Upon transplantation of these cell lines into recipient mice, the cells were found to be able to migrate to the basement membrane and to colonize seminiferous tubules. Taken together, we conclude that our cell lines have spermatogonial stem cell characteristics. These first spermatogonial cell lines with stem cell characteristics can now be used to study spermatogonial gene expression in comparison with more advanced germ cells.
Studies on Porous and Morphological Structures of Expanded PTFE Membrane through Biaxial Stretching Technique (2005)

A porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane was prepared from emulsion polymerized PTFE fine powders by a series of mechanical operations, which included extrusion, rolling, stretching and heat setting. Very small holes in the PTFE sheet were observed by SEM analyses after extrusion and rolling, and which were elongated and enlarged by longitudinal stretching. Fibrils between the slits are observed by SEM analyses. The second stretching operation, transverse stretching, provided a lattice-like porous structure. After heat setting, an island-like structure was formed, which is composed of billions of tiny inter-connected continuous fibrils and nodes. The porous structure was studied through SEM and the COULTER POROMETER tester. Results show that the mean pore size and porosity increase with an increase in longitudinal stretching ratio, transverse stretching ratio, and heat setting temperature. The mean pore size decreases and the porosity increases with an increase in transverse stretching rate. Remarkably, increasing transverse stretching rate increases porosity while the mean pore size decreases slightly, resulting in a membrane with a more uniform cell and denser cell structure. DSC, WAXD analysis and mechanical testing show that mechanical processing and heat setting decrease both the crystallinity and crystallite size.
Closed-form solutions for imaging systems, corrected for third-order aberrations (1973)

Closed-form solutions for centered imaging systems, corrected for any combination of third-order aberrations, have been derived. The theory is based on Seidel’s formulas for third-order aberrations, which have been reformulated so that they are expressed by mutually independent variables only. Chief importance is laid upon all-reflective systems. Special formulas for well-corrected two- and three-mirror systems are given.
Human Metapneumovirus Fusion Protein Vaccines That Are Immunogenic and Protective in Cotton Rats (2006)

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently described paramyxovirus that is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory infection in children and adults worldwide. A safe and effective vaccine could decrease the burden of disease associated with this novel pathogen. We previously reported the development of the cotton rat model of hMPV infection and pathogenesis (J. V. Williams et al., J. Virol. 79:10944-10951, 2005). We report here the immunogenicity of an hMPV fusion (F) protein in this model. We constructed DNA plasmids that exhibited high levels of expression of hMPV F in mammalian cells (DNA-F). These constructs were used to develop a novel strategy to produce highly pure, soluble hMPV F protein lacking the transmembrane domain (FDeltaTM). We then immunized cotton rats at 0 and 14 days with either control vector, DNA-F alone, DNA-F followed by FDeltaTM protein, or FDeltaTM alone. All groups were challenged intranasally at 28 days with live hMPV. All three groups that received some form of hMPV F immunization mounted neutralizing antibody responses and exhibited partial protection against virus shedding in the lungs compared to controls. The FDeltaTM-immunized animals showed the greatest degree of protection (>1,500-fold reduction in lung virus titer). All three immunized groups showed a modest reduction of nasal virus shedding. Neither evidence of a Th2-type response nor increased lung pathology were present in the immunized animals. We conclude that sequence-optimized hMPV F protein protects against hMPV infection when delivered as either a DNA or a protein vaccine in cotton rats.
Maternal Deprivation in the Rat: Prevention of Mortality by Nonlactating Adults (1974)

Rat litters were permanently deprived of their mother at age 13 days, and some were housed with a male or virgin female. Although over 90% of the adult-deprived pups died between 18 and 21 days of age, most mortality was prevented by the presence of a nonlactating adult. Survival could be attributed largely to the opportunity for tactual contact between pups and the adult, even though a significant amount of mortality could be prevented even by housing maternally deprived pups with a female from whom they were separated by a double wire screen. Postmortem examinations at 17 days disclosed that maternally deprived litters housed with and without adults did not differ in weight, skeletal growth, or presence of solid food in the stomach. Pups without adults retained more urine than those housed with adults. However, no renal damage was found, and direct stimulation of urination did not prevent mortality.
Partially shared views: a scheme for communicating among groups that use different type hierarchies (1990)

Many computer systems are based on various types of messages, forms, or other objects. When users of such systems need to communicate with people who use different object types, some kind of translation is necessary. In this paper, we explore the space of general solutions to this translation problem and propose a scheme that synthesizes these solutions. After first illustrating the problem in the Object Lens system, we identify two partly conflicting objectives that any translation scheme should satisfy: preservation of meaning and autonomous evolution of group languages. Then we partition the space of possible solutions to this problem in terms of the set theoretic relations between group languages and a common language. This leads to five primary solution classes and we illustrate and evaluate each one. Finally, we describe a composite scheme, called Partially Shared Views, that combines many of the best features of the other schemes. A key insight of the analysis is that partially shared type hierarchies allow “foreign” object types to be automatically translated into their nearest common “ancestor” types. The partial interoperability attained in this way makes possible flexible standards from which people can benefit from whatever agreements they do have without having to agree on everything. Even though our examples deal primarily with extensions to the Object Lens system, the analysis also suggests how other kinds of systems, such as EDI applications, might exploit specialization hierarchies of object types to simplify the translation problem.
Effects of Melt Chemistry on the Spectral Absorption Coefficient of Molten Aluminum Oxide (1995)

Values of the spectral absorption coefficient (α) of liquid aluminum oxide were determined by transmission of a pulsed dye laser beam incident on continuous‐wave (CW) CO 2 ‐laser‐melted pendant drops attached to sapphire filaments. Measurements were made on molten drops of Verneuil sapphire at wavelengths of 0.450 and 0.633 μm, at ambient oxygen partial pressures from 10 ‐10 to 1 bar in eight pure gases (Ar, CO, CO 2 , H 2 , H 2 O, HCI, N 2 and O 2 ), in CO/CO 2 mixtures, and in H 2 /H 2 O mixtures, and at a temperature of ca. 2400 K. Specimens contaminated with iron, magnesium, silicon, and tungsten were also investigated in an oxygen atmosphere. At a wavelength of 0.633 μm, the value of α was greater than 50 cm ‐1 under reducing or inert gas conditions. It decreased to a minimum at intermediate oxygen partial pressures of 5 × 10 ‐5 bar in CO/CO 2 mixtures and 5 × 10 ‐3 bar in H 2 /H 2 O mixtures, and increased at larger oxygen partial pressures. The specimens were opaque (α > 55 cm ‐1 ) in hydrogen, in HCI at pressures above 0.04 bar. Specimens contaminated with 5000‐10000 ppm of Fe, Mg, Si, or W were also opaque. At a wavelength of 0.45 μm the liquid aluminum oxide specimens were opaque in Ar and oxygen, and gave α= 46 cm ‐1 in CO 2 . The dynamic response when the ambient gas was changed from CO 2 to argon showed that the transmission maximum for = 0.45 μm was at p (O 2 ) < 0.1 bar.
In vitro toxicity and DNA cleaving capacity of benzisoquinolinedione (nafidimide; NSC 308847) in human leukemia. (1987)

Benzisoquinolinedione (nafidimide; NSC 308847) is an investigational drug currently in phase I clinical testing. We have studied the antileukemic activity in vitro, the cellular drug transport, and the molecular mechanism of action with DNA of this new compound. By agarose gel electrophoresis, we verified that nafidimide is an intercalating agent, through its alteration of the electrophoretic migration of DNA products produced by the relaxing action of DNA topoisomerase I. Concentrations of up to 100 microM of nafidimide did not produce topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage. Nafidimide produced DNA single-strand breaks (SSB), double-strand breaks, and DNA-protein cross-links in human myeloid leukemia cells (measured with filter elution). The ratio of SSB/DNA-protein cross-links was 1.32 +/- 0.36, a value similar to that produced by 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA), suggesting that nafidimide, like m-AMSA, produced protein-associated DNA-strand breaks through a topoisomerase II-mediated reaction. The production of double-strand breaks by nafidimide also suggests the involvement of topoisomerase II in the drug-induced DNA cleavage. The cytotoxic activity of nafidimide was quantified in human myeloid leukemia cell lines differing by a factor of 70 in their cytotoxic sensitivity to m-AMSA. The m-AMSA-resistant line was less than 2-fold resistant to nafidimide. Cellular drug uptake was rapid and reached a steady state level in 30 min at 37 degrees C. At the end of exposure, drug egress was rapid, as was the disappearance of the DNA SSB. Rapid cellular uptake of nafidimide, with low retention at the end of exposure and rapid rejoining of DNA SSB suggest that prolonged cellular exposure may be necessary for optimal antitumor effect. In vitro cloning data suggest that nafidimide may be a therapeutic option for patients with leukemia resistant to m-AMSA.
Silicon Compounds, Silanes (2000)

Abstract Silanes are silicon compounds that can be divided into five important industrial groups: those containing Si–H (hydride functional silanes), Si–X (halosilanes), Si–C (organosilanes), Si–OSi (siloxanes), and Si–OR (silicon esters). Inorganic and organic hydride and halogen functional silanes are discussed. Physical and chemical properties are covered as are their manufacture and application in such areas as feedstocks for other classes of silicon compounds, fumed silica, and semiconductor silicon and silicones. Economic aspects of the production and utilization of silanes include estimates of semiconductor‐grade silicon production.
Application Performance Measurement MIB (2004)

This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in TCP/IP-based internets.In particular, it defines objects for measuring the application performance as experienced by end-users.
Influence of development, estrogens, and food intake on apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, and E mRNA in rat liver and intestine. (1989)

1) Changes in food intake play an important role in the in vivo effects of estrogens on apolipoprotein mRNA levels. 2) The stimulatory effect of OVX on hepatic apoA-I mRNA as well as the inhibitory effect of EE on hepatic apoA-II mRNA are independent of food intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Generalized Probabilistic Matrix Factorizations for Collaborative Filtering (2010)

Probabilistic matrix factorization (PMF) methods have shown great promise in collaborative filtering. In this paper, we consider several variants and generalizations of PMF framework inspired by three broad questions: Are the prior distributions used in existing PMF models suitable, or can one get better predictive performance with different priors? Are there suitable extensions to leverage side information? Are there benefits to taking into account row and column biases? We develop new families of PMF models to address these questions along with efficient approximate inference algorithms for learning and prediction. Through extensive experiments on movie recommendation datasets, we illustrate that simpler models directly capturing correlations among latent factors can outperform existing PMF models, side information can benefit prediction accuracy, and accounting for row/column biases leads to improvements in predictive performance.
Case Report of a Fatal Antifreeze Ingestion with a Record High Level and Impressive Renal Crystal Deposition (2016)

Ethylene glycol, methanol, and diethylene glycol are readily available in many household and commercially available products. While these alcohols are relatively nontoxic themselves, their acidic metabolites are toxic and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Herein we report a lethal case of massive ethylene glycol ingestion in a suicide with a record high level (1254 mg/dL) and images of the histologic examination of the kidneys revealing impressive calcium oxalate crystal deposition. Autopsy findings also showed evidence of mild cerebral edema.
Interactive semiautomatic contour delineation using statistical conditional random fields framework (2012)

Our method achieves high accuracy in liver and kidney segmentation and considerably reduces the time and labor required for contour delineation. Since it extracts purely statistical information from the samples interactively specified by expert users, the method avoids heuristic assumptions commonly used by other methods. In addition, the method can be expanded to 3D directly without modification because the underlying graphical framework and graph partition optimization method fit naturally with the image grid structure.
Conceptual modeling of device-independent Web applications (2001)

Existing tools for building and deploying complex Web sites are inadequate for dealing with the software production process that involves connecting with underlying logic in a unified and systematic way. As a solution, we propose the OO-H method, an object-oriented software approach that captures relevant properties involved in modeling and implementing Web application interfaces.
Low-swing interconnect interface circuits (1998)

This paper introduces an energy-efficient FPGA module, intended for embedded implementations. The main features of the proposed cell include a rich local-interconnect network, which drastically reduces the energy dissipated in the wiring, and a dual-voltage scheme that allows pass-transistor networks to operate at low-voltages yet maintain decent performance. Simulations on a benchmark set demonstrate that the proposed module succeeds in its goal of reducing energy consumption by an order of magnitude over existing implementations.