gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural network-based algorithm for power transformer differential relays (1995)

A neural network-based algorithm for the protection of a one-phase power transformer is considered. The neural network input is a four-dimensional vector obtained by a fast-frequency analysis of the differential current. Primary and secondary currents are measured with current transformers the saturation of which is taken into account. A set of training cases is generated with the help of the electromagnetic transients program. The neural network-based algorithm is compared with a conventional differential algorithm. It is found to be more efficient, especially in the case of saturation of the current transformers.
10.1 nm range continuous wavelength-tunable vertical-cavitysurface-emitting lasers (1994)

A record wide continuous wavelength tuning range of 10.1 nm is demonstrated in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with monolithically integrated thin-film metal heaters. Single longitudinal mode and single transverse mode are maintained throughout the tuning range. The thin-film heater can stand higher temperatures over a wider tuning range. It is also separated and electrically isolated from the laser, and can be applied to most existing VCSEL structures.
Yield optimization of analog MOS integrated circuits including transistor mismatch (2002)

With the aid of the SMOS (statistical MOS) model, it is presently possible to simulate random device mismatch effects on the circuit performance. Two different optimization algorithms, which, together with the SMOS model, can create an efficient CAD environment for integrated circuit designers are presented. The goal of these optimizations is for the user to determine the optimal circuit modifications in order to achieve a user specified parametric yield, as well as the nominal circuit specifications. The optimization algorithms use the steepest descent method and the experiment design method with response surface methodology (RSM). Area optimization of a Miller compensated operational amplifier is used as an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antioxidants: Regulatory Status (2005)

Abstract Oxidation of unsaturated lipids is a major cause of food quality deterioration by giving rise to the development of off‐flavor compounds and loss of nutritional value of food products. Although it has been known for a long time that lipid oxidation can be induced by catalytic systems such as light, temperature, enzymes, metals, and metalloproteins; the mechanism of oxidation reactions remained uncertain until the 1940s when free radicals and reactive oxygen species were found to be involved in oxidation processes by the pioneering work of Farmer et al. Furthermore, antioxidants were found to protect lipids against oxidation either by quenching free radicals or scavenging oxygen, among others. Antioxidants are substances that, when present in foods at low concentrations compared with that of an oxidizable substrate, markedly delay or prevent the oxidation of the substrate. Antioxidants that fit in this definition include free radical scavengers, inactivators of peroxides, and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), chelators of metals, and quenchers of secondary lipid oxidation products that produce rancid odors. Antioxidants have also been used in the health‐related area because of their ability to protect the body against damage caused by ROS as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and those of reactive chlorine species (RCS).
A Comparative Study for Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Liquid Benzene (2011)

The classical equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations for liquid benzene, the prototypical aromatic π-π interaction system, are performed using a variety of molecular force fields, OPT-FF, AMBER 03, general AMBER force field (GAFF), OPLS-AA, OPLS-CS, CHARMM27, GROMOS 53A5, and GROMOS 53A6. The simulated results of the molecular structure and thermodynamic properties of liquid benzene are compared with the experimental data available in the literature, accounting for the superiority of each force field in the descriptions of the π-π interaction system. The OPLS-AA force field is recommended to be the best one, which reproduces quite well the properties examined in this work, while the others fail in predicting either the local structure or the thermodynamic properties. Such distinct discrepancies for the above force fields are discussed within the scheme of the pairwise interaction construction of the standard force field, which will stimulate searching for a force field with generally good quality not only in terms of microstructure descriptions but also in the predictions of the thermodynamic properties of the liquids.
Hush House Induced Vibrations at the Arkansas Air National Guard Facility, Fort Smith, Arkansas (1987)

Abstract : The T-10 jet engine ground run-up noise suppressor, or Hush House, was designed to reduce the audible effects of jet engine testing on the surrounding community. At lease in part, the noise suppression characteristics of the Hush House are achieved by the transfer of energy from the audible (> 20 Hz) to the infrasonic range (<20 Hz). At some sites these lower frequency emissions have had deleterious effects on the vibro acoustic environment of nearby buildings. This report describes a case study on this problem and demonstrates that existing siting criteria for the Hush House are inadequate; in one case being too stringent and in another case too lax. An acoustic emissions model for the Hush House is proposed based on multiple jet type sources. Keywords: Infrasonics; Aircraft noise; Motion forecasts.
Correlation of stress and texture evolution during self- and thermal annealing of electroplated Cu films (2003)

Electroplated Cu films with different plating conditions and thicknesses are characterized to study the stress and texture evolution involved in the transition of the microstructure during self-annealing. Grain growth during the process induces stress in the film in the tensile direction. Degradation of the (111) texture and enhancement of the (200) texture are observed in the films during the microstructural transition. The rate of self-annealing increases dramatically as the plating current density increases. Self-annealing is significantly retarded in thinner films and in films plated with pulse reverse current. A strong correlation between stress and texture development is demonstrated for all electroplated Cu films under self- and thermal annealing conditions. This correlation is explained by the surface/interface energy and strain energy in anisotropic metal films. Due to the mechanical anisotropy of Cu, the orientation with the lowest total energy changes from (111) to (200) as the dominant energy that determines the film texture changes from surface/interface related to strain related. The texture remains unchanged until the biaxial stress in the film exceeds a critical value. Above the level of critical stress, the (111) texture starts to degrade and the (200) starts to become enhanced, which reduces the strain energy in the film. Different amounts of stress develop in Cu films during thermal annealing depending on the barrier layers; the stress is largest with TaSiN, medium with Ta and smallest with TaN. This suggests that film stress and texture are also affected by the Cu/barrier interface bond strength.
Autocatabolism of surface macromolecules shed by human melanoma cells. (1982)

The fate of cell surface macromolecules released by human melanoma cells in vitro was studied. Labeled surface macromolecules released by lactoperoxidase-radioiodinated melanoma cells were incubated cells. It was found that some of these macromolecules were autocatabolized to acid-soluble fragments by the cells which had released them. Degradation did not occur in the absence of cells, was almost completely inhibited at 4 degrees, and was partially suppressed by cytochalasin B (10 micrograms/ml) and by some inhibitors of energy production, i.e., iodoacetamide (10(-4) M) and a combination of 2-deoxyglucose (18 mg/ml) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (10(-4) M). Radioiodinated surface macromolecules were degraded much more rapidly than radioiodinated serum proteins. Thus, degradation required the presence of cells, was in part an active process, and was selective. These results suggest that one of the pathways for the turnover of surface macromolecules on tumor cells is shedding followed by autocatabolism of the shed material by the cells which they have released.
Endoscopic Snare Resection of Bladder Tumors: Evaluation of an Alternative Technique for Bladder Tumor Resection* (2012)

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is the standard of care for initial bladder tumor management. In response to its shortcomings, we propose an alternative technique for tumor resection and retrieval: The endoscopic snare resection of bladder tumor (ESRBT). Eleven tumors managed by ESRBT were reviewed retrospectively. Via cystoscopy, tumors were resected en bloc with an electrosurgical polypectomy snare and retrieved transurethrally. Safety and efficacy were assessed by clinical and pathologic outcomes. ESRBT was highly effective for appropriate tumors. Tumor size and location varied: Two small, six medium, three large; six lateral wall, two dome, two trigone, one posterior wall. Half of initial urothelial carcinoma specimens contained muscle. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications (mean follow-up: 17 mos; range 10-25 mos). ESRBT is a feasible technique for the resection of pedunculated bladder tumors. It offers evident and theoretical advantages over TURBT and may augment bladder tumor management. Further study is needed.
Homonuclear decoupling and peak elimination in Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomonuclear decoupling and peak elimination in Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonanceJ. P. Jesson, P. Meakin, and G. KneisselCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 2, 618–620Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00783a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00783a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Insulin Dose-Response Curves for Stimulation of Splanchnic Glucose Uptake and Suppression of Endogenous Glucose Production Differ in Nondiabetic Humans and Are Abnormal in People With Type 2 Diabetes (2004)

To determine whether the insulin dose-response curves for suppression of endogenous glucose production (EGP) and stimulation of splanchnic glucose uptake (SGU) differ in nondiabetic humans and are abnormal in type 2 diabetes, 14 nondiabetic and 12 diabetic subjects were studied. Glucose was clamped at approximately 9.5 mmol/l and endogenous hormone secretion inhibited by somatostatin, while glucagon and growth hormone were replaced by an exogenous infusion. Insulin was progressively increased from approximately 150 to approximately 350 and approximately 700 pmol/l by means of an exogenous insulin infusion, while EGP, SGU, and leg glucose uptake (LGU) were measured using the splanchnic and leg catheterization methods, combined with a [3-3H]glucose infusion. In nondiabetic subjects, an increase in insulin from approximately 150 to approximately 350 pmol/l resulted in maximal suppression of EGP, whereas SGU continued to increase (P < 0.001) when insulin was increased to approximately 700 pmol/l. In contrast, EGP progressively decreased (P < 0.001) and SGU progressively increased (P < 0.001) in the diabetic subjects as insulin increased from approximately 150 to approximately 700 pmol/l. Although EGP was higher (P < 0.01) in the diabetic than nondiabetic subjects only at the lowest insulin concentration, SGU was lower (P < 0.01) in the diabetic subjects at all insulin concentrations tested. On the other hand, in contrast to LGU and overall glucose disposal, the increment in SGU in response to both increments in insulin did not differ in the diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, implying a right shifted but parallel dose-response curve. These data indicate that the dose-response curves for suppression of glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake differ in nondiabetic subjects and are abnormal in people with type 2 diabetes. Taken together, these data also suggest that agents that enhance SGU in diabetic patients (e.g. glucokinase activators) are likely to improve glucose tolerance.
The Gloss of Edible Coatings as Affected by Surfactants, Lipids, Relative Humidity, and Time (2000)

ABSTRACT: Water‐based whey protein isolate (WPI) coatings had the same gloss as shellac and zein coatings cast from ethanol solutions and water‐based tapioca dextrin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) coatings. For lipid dispersion coatings, the particle size of the dispersed phased influenced gloss values. WPI coatings had stable gloss values at 52%, 75%, and 95% relative humidity (RH). At 95% RH, shellac and zein coatings “blushed,” and both dextrin and HPMC coatings became tacky. WPI and shellac films maintained a high gloss after 7.6 mo of storage at 23 °C and 75% RH and had higher gloss than whey protein concentrate (WPC) and HPMC coatings. The type and level of surfactant added to WPI coatings greatly influenced gloss.
Structural and functional characterization of mouse U7 small nuclear RNA active in 3' processing of histone pre-mRNA. (1988)

Oligonucleotides derived from the spacer element of the histone RNA 3' processing signal were used to characterize mouse U7 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), i.e., the snRNA component active in 3' processing of histone pre-mRNA. Under RNase H conditions, such oligonucleotides inhibited the processing reaction, indicating the formation of a DNA-RNA hybrid with a functional ribonucleoprotein component. Moreover, these oligonucleotides hybridized to a single nuclear RNA species of approximately 65 nucleotides. The sequence of this RNA was determined by primer extension experiments and was found to bear several structural similarities with sea urchin U7 snRNA. The comparison of mouse and sea urchin U7 snRNA structures yields some further insight into the mechanism of histone RNA 3' processing.
<title>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of human skin with a slow-scan CCD camera</title> (1995)

The purpose of this research is to try to investigate and improve the possibilities of optical coherence tomography for evaluation and imaging of melanoma. As approaches to reach this aim by photo diode detection were not successful, we suggest making an experimental setup with a slow-scan CCD-camera that is able to detect very little numbers of photons. The interferometric arrangement had to be adapted to the quite bad signal-to-noise ratio of the camera. First measurements were made on models consisting of very small glass spheres embedded in polyester resin. It was possible to prove coherent photons from a depth of 2 mm. Objects could be found up to 1 mm depth.
A multi-center screening trial of rasagiline in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Possible mitochondrial biomarker target engagement (2015)

Rasagiline, a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, slowed disease progression in the SOD1 mouse, and in a case series of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here we determine whether rasagiline is safe and effective in ALS compared to historical placebo controls, and whether it alters mitochondrial biomarkers. We performed a prospective open-label, multicenter screening trial of 36 ALS patients treated with 2 mg oral rasagiline daily for 12 months. Outcomes included the slope of deterioration of the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), adverse event monitoring, time to treatment failure, and exploratory biomarkers. Participants experienced no serious drug-related adverse events, and the most common adverse event was nausea (11.1%). Rasagiline did not improve the rate of decline in the ALSFRS-R; however, differences in symptom duration compared to historical placebo controls differentially affected ALSFRS-R slope estimates. Rasagiline changed biomarkers over 12 months, such that the mitochondrial membrane potential increased (JC-1 red/green fluorescent ratio 1.92, p = 0.0001) and apoptosis markers decreased (Bcl-2/Bax ratio 0.24, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, engagement of exploratory biomarkers and questions about comparability of baseline characteristics lead us to recommend a further placebo-controlled trial.
High-detectivity (>1*10/sup 10/ cm square root Hz/W), InAsSb strained-layer superlattice, photovoltaic infrared detector (1990)

A high-detectivity infrared photodiode grown using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is discussed. It consisted of a p-'i'-n device embedded in an InAs/sub 0.15/Sb/sub 0.85//InSb strained-layer superlattice (SLS) with equal 150 AA-thick layers. The SLS was grown on top of a thick, composition-graded In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/Sb (x=1.0-0.9) strain-relief buffer on an InSb substrate. The p- and n-type dopants were Be and Se, respectively. The doping level in the 'i' region represents the background doping level in the MBE system. The surface passivated device exhibited detectivities >or=1*10/sup 10/ cm square root Hz/W at wavelengths <or=10 mu m. This device demonstrates the feasibility of a long-wavelength, photovoltaic infrared detector technology based on InAsSb SLSs.<<ETX>>
NAD <sup>+</sup> cleavage activity by animal and plant TIR domains in cell death pathways (2019)

SARM1 (sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1) is responsible for depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in its oxidized form (NAD<sup>+</sup>) during Wallerian degeneration associated with neuropathies. Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors recognize pathogen effector proteins and trigger localized cell death to restrict pathogen infection. Both processes depend on closely related Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains in these proteins, which, as we show, feature self-association-dependent NAD<sup>+</sup> cleavage activity associated with cell death signaling. We further show that SARM1 SAM (sterile alpha motif) domains form an octamer essential for axon degeneration that contributes to TIR domain enzymatic activity. The crystal structures of ribose and NADP<sup>+</sup> (the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) complexes of SARM1 and plant NLR RUN1 TIR domains, respectively, reveal a conserved substrate binding site. NAD<sup>+</sup> cleavage by TIR domains is therefore a conserved feature of animal and plant cell death signaling pathways.
Injected Current Carrier Transport in a Semi-Infinite Semiconductor and the Determination of Lifetimes and Surface Recombination Velocities (1955)

With both surface and volume recombination taken into account, time-dependent and steady-state Green's functions are obtained for a point source of added carriers in a semi-infinite semiconductor, and for infinite line and plane sources parallel to the surface. Small-signal theory is employed, and a compact Stieltjes-integral derivation is given. The Green's functions are specialized to provide: the time dependence of surface concentration following the instantaneous injection of carriers at a point on the surface; that following instantaneous injection which is uniform over the surface; and the distance dependences for steady point, infinite-line, semi-infinite plane, and semi-infinite line surface sources. Steady flows of minority carriers from these sources into a p—n junction perpendicular to the surface are also calculated. Analytical approximations are found for the steady-source cases. Theoretical and experimental aspects of the determination of lifetimes and surface recombination velocities from data by means of these results are discussed.
Dynamic query interface for spatial proximity query with degree-of-interest varied by distance to query point (2010)

In this paper we present an interactive query interface called "TrapezoidBox" to support spatial proximity queries where users' degree of interest varies depending upon the degree of separation from the point of interest. Spatial proximity queries are commonly built in information seeking tasks especially on online maps. If not impossible, it is hard to formulate spatial proximity queries using existing dynamic query widgets such as range sliders. TrapezoidBox allows users to easily build spatial proximity queries by interactively adjusting a trapezoidal function. Our controlled user study results show that TrapezoidBox has several advantages over a baseline interface with range sliders.
Visible blind GaN <i>p-i-n</i> photodiodes (1998)

We present the growth and characterization of GaN p-i-n photodiodes with a very high degree of visible blindness. The thin films were grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The room-temperature spectral response shows a high responsivity of 0.15 A/W up until 365 nm, above which the response decreases by six orders of magnitude. Current/voltage measurements supply us with a zero bias resistance of 1011 Ω. Lastly, the temporal response shows a rise and fall time of 2.5 μs measured at zero bias. This response time is limited by the measurement circuit.
Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Based on Deep Neural Networks With Robustness to Array Imperfections (2018)

Lacking of adaptation to various array imperfections is an open problem for most high-precision direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods. Machine learning-based methods are data-driven, they do not rely on prior assumptions about array geometries, and are expected to adapt better to array imperfections when compared with model-based counterparts. This paper introduces a framework of the deep neural network to address the DOA estimation problem, so as to obtain good adaptation to array imperfections and enhanced generalization to unseen scenarios. The framework consists of a multitask autoencoder and a series of parallel multilayer classifiers. The autoencoder acts like a group of spatial filters, it decomposes the input into multiple components in different spatial subregions. These components thus have more concentrated distributions than the original input, which helps to reduce the burden of generalization for subsequent DOA estimation classifiers. The classifiers follow a one-versus-all classification guideline to determine if there are signal components near preseted directional grids, and the classification results are concatenated to reconstruct a spatial spectrum and estimate signal directions. Simulations are carried out to show that the proposed method performs satisfyingly in both generalization and imperfection adaptation.