gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preliminary biological studies of several aliphatic amino acid analogs (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreliminary biological studies of several aliphatic amino acid analogsC. J. Abshire and G. PlanetCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 3, 226–229Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00273a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00273a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Pressure on Graphitization of Carbon. IV. Abrupt Graphitization of Hard Carbon under 5 kbar (1968)

Abstract A hard carbon, phenolformaldehyde resin char carbonized to 700°C, was heat-treated under a quasi-hydrostatic pressure of 5 kbar at various temperatures between 1100–1800°C for the residence times of 3, 20 and 60 min. The graphitization process of the hard carbon under pressure consisted of three stages. In the first stage of the graphitization, the profile of (002) diffraction line was symmetrical. It means that there is only one component AH in the sample. In the second and third stages of graphitization, the (002) profile became composite. In the second stage, three components AH, G′H and G″H coexisted in the sample. The sum of the contents of the components G′H and G″H was less than 20% and increased gradually with heat treatment temperature. In the third stage, two components AH and G″H coexisted. The content of the component G″H increased abruptly up to more than 70% at about 1400, 1500 and 1700°C for the residence time of 60, 20 and 3 min, respectively. The components AH and G″H have the turbostratic and graphitic structures, respectively. The component G′H seemed to have the intermediate structure between turbostratic and graphitic structures.
Mild hypothermia mitigates post-ischemic neuronal death following focal cerebral ischemia in rat brain: Immunohistochemical study of Fas, caspase-3 and TUNEL (2000)

Mild hypothermia is considered to have a protective effect during ischemic neuronal cell death. The present study provides experimental evidence for this beneficial role of mild hypothermia using reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. MCAo was induced in rats for 1 h followed by reperfusion at different periods. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining in normothermic (NT) 37 degrees C and hypothermic (HT) 33 degrees C groups of rats confirmed cerebral infarcts. The mean per cent infarct area was significantly reduced in the HT group of rats. Immunohistochemical analysis was done using anti-Fas and caspase-3 antibodies. The immunohistochemical expression of Fas and caspase-3 was demonstrable as early as 5 h after reperfusion, but the expression pattern maximized at 24 h after reperfusion. The expression of Fas and caspase-3 proteins showed a clear decrease in the HT group over the NT group. In situ detection of DNA fragmentation was done using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling method (TUNEL). TUNEL-positive cells were first observed at 5h after reperfusion and progressively increased by 24h. A higher number of TUNEL-positive cells was found in the NT group, but they were significantly decreased in the HT group. Further, DNA fragmentation was confirmed by size fractionation in agarose gel. These findings demonstrate a positive relation between the expression of Fas, caspase-3 and TUNEL-positive cells.
Solving Atomic Broadcast with Indirect Consensus (2006)

In previous work, it has been shown how to solve atomic broadcast by reduction to consensus on messages. While this solution is theoretically correct, it has its limitations in practice, since executing consensus on large messages can quickly saturate the system. The problem can be addressed by executing consensus on message identifiers instead of the full messages, in order to decouple the size of the messages from the size of the data sent by the consensus algorithm. In this paper, we study the impact of executing consensus on message identifiers instead of on the full messages, in the context of solving atomic broadcast. We also discuss the implications of executing consensus on message identifiers on the consensus and atomic broadcast algorithms
Automatic collision avoidance using model-predictive online optimization (2012)

In many traffic emergency situations a collision cannot be prevented by braking alone. Therefore, we propose an obstacle avoidance algorithm that simultaneously optimizes steering and braking. As an emergency scenario approaches the driving limits, a strong nonlinear constraint between braking and cornering develops, suggesting the formulation of a nonlinear constrained online optimization. On this account the proposed algorithm embarks on the nonlinear model-predictive control (NMPC) paradigm, which is capable of solving the optimization problem online. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated in a simulated pedestrian collision avoidance scenario.
Optimization of erythritol production by Candida magnoliae in fed-batch culture (2000)

A two-stage fed-batch process was designed to enhance erythritol productivity by the mutant strain of Candida magnoliae. The first stage (or growth stage) was performed in the fed-batch mode where the growth medium was fed when the pH of the culture broth dropped below 4.5. The second stage (or production stage) was started with addition of glucose powder into the culture broth when the cell mass reached about 75 g dry cell weight l−1. When the initial glucose concentration was adjusted to 400 g l−1 in the production stage, 2.8 g l−1 h−1 of overall erythritol productivity and 41% of erythritol conversion yield were achieved, which represented a fivefold increase in erythritol productivity compared with the simple batch fermentation process. A high glucose concentration in the production phase resulted in formation of organic acids including citrate and butyrate. An increase in dissolved oxygen level caused formation of gluconic acid instead of citric acid. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 100–103.
An 80MHz 4x oversampled cascaded ΔΣ-pipelined ADC with 75dB DR and 87dB SFDR (2005)

A 2/sup nd/-order 4b /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator in cascade with a 9b pipeline clocked at 80MHz achieves 75dB DR, 74dB peak SNR and more than 87dB SFDR in a 10MHz bandwidth by means of background digital linearization and noise-cancellation algorithms. The 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS chip consumes 240mW including reference generator, digital decimator and correction logic.
Phase Optics: Extended Depth of Field With the Logarithmic Asphere (2002)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Wanli Chi and Nicholas George, "Phase Optics: Extended Depth of Field With the Logarithmic Asphere," Optics & Photonics News 13(12), 46-46 (2002) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Self-Construction of Core−Shell and Hollow Zeolite Analcime Icositetrahedra:  A Reversed Crystal Growth Process via Oriented Aggregation of Nanocrystallites and Recrystallization from Surface to Core (2007)

Zeolite analcime with a core-shell and hollow icositetrahedron architecture was prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal route in the presence of ethylamine and Raney Ni. Detailed investigations on samples at different preparation stages revealed that the growth of the complex single crystalline geometrical structure did not follow the classic crystal growth route, i.e., a crystal with a highly symmetric morphology (such as polyhedra) is normally developed by attachment of atoms or ions to a nucleus. A reversed crystal growth process through oriented aggregation of nanocrystallites and surface recrystallization was observed. The whole process can be described by the following four successive steps. (1) Primary analcime nanoplatelets undergo oriented aggregation to yield discus-shaped particles. (2) These disci further assemble into polycrystalline microspheres. (3) The relatively large platelets grow into nanorods by consuming the smaller ones, and meanwhile, the surface of the microspheres recrystallizes into a thin single crystalline icositetrahedral shell via Ostwald ripening. (4) Recrystallization continues from the surface to the core at the expense of the nanorods, and the thickness of the monocrystalline shell keeps on increasing until all the nanorods are consumed, leading to hollow single crystalline analcime icositetrahedra. The present work adds new useful information for the understanding of the principles of zeolite growth.
Intramuscular Versus Subcutaneous Injection of Unmodified Insulin: Consequences for Blood Glucose Control in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (1990)

Using the perpendicular injection technique lean diabetic patients may often inject insulin intramuscularly (IM). Guided by ultrasound measurements of the subcutaneous (SC) thickness of the thigh, the aim of the present study was to re-evaluate the absorption kinetics of unmodified insulin from IM and SC injection sites and to evaluate the consequences of IM injection of unmodified insulin for blood glucose control in Type 1 diabetic patients. T50% values (time until 50% of the injected insulin is absorbed from the injection site) of SC injected, radioactively labelled, human unmodified insulin (125I-Actrapid) were 338 +/- 13 (+/- SE) min, 289 +/- 27 min, and 287 +/- 27 min during rest, light physical activity, and strenuous exercise, respectively. Intramuscularly injected unmodified insulin was absorbed faster, T50% 232 +/- 20 min, 113 +/- 13 min, and 112 +/- 5 min during the same levels of physical activity in the same order. When unmodified insulin (Actrapid) was given IM 30 min before breakfast, lunch, and dinner together with intermediate-acting insulin (Protaphane) SC at 2200 h, a more physiological profile of plasma free insulin and a more stable blood glucose profile was obtained than with SC administration into the thigh. The coefficient of variation of blood glucose concentration during the study (3 days each route) was lower with IM than with SC injection of unmodified insulin (33 +/- 4 vs 43 +/- 3%, p less than 0.01). No difference in frequency of hypoglycaemic attacks was found and patients claimed that IM injection was no more painful than SC injection. These data suggest that IM injection of soluble insulin into the thigh is beneficial.
An approach to the stabilization of lipid bilayers incorporating ion channels for biosensing applications (2003)

Two aspects of the development of a practical ion channel-based biosensor are discussed: (1) establishment of a stable lipid bilayer system that maintains ion channel function and (2) production of a silicon-based bilayer support device. The current research focuses on refinement of the patch-clamp technique used to study ion channel function in artificial bilayers and comparison of the adhesion of the various lipid monolayers and bilayers to that of amorphous silica. Bilayers of dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) have been formed reproducibly, and initial results show that alamethicin ion channel function can be obtained in DOPE bilayers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polyphenols and Human Health: The Role of Bioavailability (2021)

Polyphenols are a group of phytochemicals with potential health-promoting effects. They are classified as flavonoid (flavonols, flavanols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, and anthocyanins) and non-flavonoid molecules (phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, lignans, stilbenes, and tannins). Although an increasing number of trials have shown a correlation among polyphenol consumption and a reduction in risk factors for chronic diseases, discrepancies in explaining their positive effects have been found in terms of the bioavailability. In fact, polyphenols show a low bioavailability due to several factors: interaction with the food matrix, the metabolic processes mediated by the liver (phase I and II metabolism), intestine and microbiota. On the other hand, the biological activities of phenol compounds may be mediated by their metabolites, which are produced in vivo, and recent studies have confirmed that these molecules may have antioxidant and anti-phlogistic properties. This review discusses the studies performed in vivo, which consider the polyphenol bioavailability and their different food sources. Factors influencing the biological effects of the main classes of polyphenols are also considered.
5nm FinFET Standard Cell Library Optimization and Circuit Synthesis in Near-and Super-Threshold Voltage Regimes (2014)

FinFET device has been proposed as a promising substitute for the traditional bulk CMOS-based device at the nanoscale, due to its extraordinary properties such as improved channel controllability, high ON/OFF current ratio, reduced short-channel effects, and relative immunity to gate line-edge roughness. In addition, the near-ideal subthreshold behavior indicates the potential application of FinFET circuits in the near-threshold supply voltage regime, which consumes an order of magnitude less energy than the regular strong-inversion circuits operating in the super-threshold supply voltage regime. This paper presents a design flow of creating standard cells by using the FinFET 5nm technology node, including both near-threshold and super-threshold operations, and building a Liberty-format standard cell library. The circuit synthesis results of various combinational and sequential circuits based on the 5nm FinFET standard cell library show up to 40X circuit speed improvement and three orders of magnitude energy reduction compared to those of 45nm bulk CMOS technology.
Soliton-effect compression of supercontinuum to few-cycle durations in photonic nanowires (2005)

By exploiting the broad region of anomalous group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and the large e.ective nonlinearity of photonic nanowires, we demonstrate soliton-e.ect self-compression of 70-fs pulses down to 6.8 fs. Under suitable conditions, simulations predict that self-compression down to single-cycle duration is possible.
Structural characterization of the N-glycans of Dictyocaulus viviparus: discovery of the Lewisx structure in a nematode (2000)

This paper reports the first rigorous evidence for the existence of N-linked oligosaccharides in Dictyocaulus viviparus, an economically important nematode that parasitises cattle. Structural strategies based upon fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry were employed to examine detergent extracts of homogenised adult D.viviparus for their N-glycan content. These revealed that detergent-soluble material is rich in high mannose, truncated and complex-type families of N-linked oligosaccharides. Importantly, the most abundant antennae in the complex-type structures were shown to carry the Lewis(x)epitope (Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc). Although the Lewis(x)moiety occurs in other helminths such as schistosomes, nematodes have previously been thought to lack this epitope. The Lewis(x)epitopes in D.viviparus are carried on bi-, tri-, and tetraantennary glycans and are therefore candidates for recognition events requiring multivalent ligands. There is compelling evidence from schistosome research that glycoconjugates containing Lewis(x)structures are immunomodulators. We propose that the Lewis(x)-rich glycans identified in this study might similarly be involved in D.viviparus host interactions.
Miscible displacements in capillary tubes. Part 1. Experiments (1996)

Experiments have been performed, in capillary tubes, on the displacement of a viscous fluid (glycerine) by a less viscous one (a glycerine–water mixture) with which it is miscible in all proportions. A diagnostic measure of the amount of viscous fluid left behind on the tube wall has been found, for both vertical and horizontal tubes, as a function of the Péclet ( Pe ) and Atwood ( At ) numbers, as well as a parameter that is a measure of the relative importance of viscous and gravitational effects. The asymptotic value of this diagnostic quantity, for large Pe and an At of unity, has been found to agree with that found in immiscible displacements, while the agreement with the numerical results of Part 2 (Chen & Meiburg 1966), over the whole range of At , is very good. At values of the average Pe greater than 1000 a sharp interface existed so that it was possible to make direct comparisons between the present results and a prior experiment with immiscible fluids, in particular an effective surface tension at the diffusing interface could be evaluated. The effect of gravity on the amount of viscous fluid left on the tube wall has been investigated also, and compared with the results of Part 2. A subsidiary experiment has been performed to measure both the average value of the diffusion coefficient between pure glycerine and several glycerine–water mixtures, in order to be able to calculate a representative Péclet number for each experiment, and the local value as a function of the local concentration of glycerine, in the dilute limit.
A hybrid multimode BCH encoder architecture for area efficient re-encoding approach (2015)

This paper presents a hybrid multimode Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) encoder for reducing the input length of Syndrome calculation (SC) based on re-encoding approach. In previous re-encoding approaches, a conventional BCH encoder with long generator polynomials is used as a remainder operator to reduce the input length of SC. However, the input length is still large since long polynomial is used as a denominator of remainder operator for re-encoding. In the proposed approach, several minimal polynomials are employed as the denominators of remainder operators by utilizing the hardware of hybrid multimode BCH encoder. As a result, the minimum input length for SC can be employed for SC implementation through reencoding scheme, which leads to considerable area and latency reduction in SC module design. The proposed BCH encoder architecture and reduced SC modules are implemented using Samsung 65nm technology. The experimental results show that, in case of BCH (8640, 8192, 32) codes, the total area of SC modules are reduced by 96% compared to the previous re-encoding based SC module design, while the proposed multimode BCH encoder architecture also provides the reconfigurable error correction capability for 1 ≤ t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sel</sub> ≤ 32.
Evaluation of a New Alternative to Primary Draize Skin Irritation Testing Using the EpiDerm TM Skin Model (1998)

EpiDerm TM is a commercially available human skin model consisting of nor- mal human-derived epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), which have been cultured to form a multilayered, highly differentiated model of the human epidermis. We evaluated this model as an alternative to the primary Draize skin irritation test using rabbits. Eighteen cosmetic products were tested using a new assay system which uti- lized the EpiDerm TM and a single 24-hour exposure at 100% concentration. The MTT assay results were compared to the results from skin irritation Draize test- ing using rabbits. The correlation coefficient for 18 test substances between the in vivo and in vitro results was r= - 0.671. However a much better correlation was obtained provided that 2 products, both of which contained high ethanol levels (>60% (w/w)), were excluded from the analysis (r= - 0.870). As such, this method may prove useful in making in vitro skin irritation assays more economical and convenient.
Molecular Diagnostic Field Test for Point-of-Care Detection of Ebola Virus Directly From Blood (2016)

A molecular diagnostic method for robust detection of Ebola virus (EBOV) at the point of care (POC) directly from blood samples is described. This assay is based on reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) of the glycoprotein gene of EBOV. Complete reaction formulations were lyophilized in 0.2-mL polymerase chain reaction tubes. RT-LAMP reactions were performed on a battery-operated isothermal instrument. Limit of detection of this RT-LAMP assay was 2.8 × 10<sup>2</sup> plaque-forming units (PFU)/test and 1 × 10<sup>3</sup> PFU/test within 40 minutes for EBOV-Kikwit and EBOV-Makona, respectively. This assay was found to be specific for the detection of EBOV, as no nonspecific amplification was detected in blood samples spiked with closely related viruses and other pathogens. These results showed that this diagnostic test can be used at the point of care for rapid and specific detection of EBOV directly from blood with high sensitivity within 40 minutes.
The ADAM analog design automation system (2002)

An open analog design system is presented that can generate layouts of analog cells and subsystems starting from desired functional specifications and a technology description which can be CMOS, bipolar, or BICMOS. The design system includes model parameter verification, symbolic analysis, design, optimization, and automatic documentation of cells. The schematics of the analog cells can be selected out of a library or can be entered by the designer. Either a full description of the schematic is given or a new schematic is composed starting from a library of subblocks. The layout generator, which is process portable, handles typical analog layout constraints during placement and routing. All tools can be used in a full automatic mode or can be used interactively to allow more experienced designers to impose their point of view.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Online Mining of Changes from Data Streams: Research Problems and Preliminary Results (2003)

As data streams are gaining prominence in a growing number of emerging applications, advanced analysis and mining of data streams is becoming increasingly important. While there are some recent studies on mining data streams, we would like to ask the following essential question: What are the distinct features of mining data streams compared to mining other kinds of data? In this paper, we take the following position: online mining of the changes in data streams is one of the core issues. We propose some interesting research problems and highlight the inherent challenges. Moreover, we sketch some preliminary results.
Comparison of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG and PiB PET in Cognitive Impairment (2009)

PiB PET and (18)F-FDG PET have similar diagnostic accuracy in early cognitive impairment. However, significantly better group discrimination in naMCI and aMCI subjects by PiB, compared with (18)F-FDG, was seen and may suggest early amyloid deposition before cerebral metabolic disruption in this group.