gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromatographic, Electrophoretic, and Mass Spectrometric Methods for the Analytical Characterization of Protein Biopharmaceuticals (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTChromatographic, Electrophoretic, and Mass Spectrometric Methods for the Analytical Characterization of Protein BiopharmaceuticalsSzabolcs Fekete†, Davy Guillarme†, Pat Sandra‡, and Koen Sandra*‡View Author Information† School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland‡ Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2016, 88, 1, 480–507Publication Date (Web):December 2, 2015Publication History Published online16 December 2015Published inissue 5 January 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04561https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04561review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6268Altmetric-Citations201LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Carbohydrates,Immunology,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Policy-Based Data Downgrading: Toward a Semantic Framework and Automated Tools to Balance Need-to-Protect and Need-to-Share Policies (2010)

We describe a new paradigm for articulating need-to-protect and need-to-share policies that shows promise for enabling automated derivation of the downgrading rulesets needed to comply with these policies in systems that share data. This new paradigm is based on fine-grained semantic policy specifications in terms of context, content, Purpose, and Anti-purpose that are expressed in a machine-understandable language. Our approach is based on an existing reasoning capability that can handle simple downgrading cases. Extensions to handle more complex cases are discussed. Although not yet a complete, turnkey solution to the overall data sharing and privacy problem, we posit that our approach provides an auspicious research vector for future work towards achieving that goal.
Educación para la salud en el trabajo enfermero (2005)

El concepto de Educacion para la Salud (EPS) ha ido cambiando en el trascurso del tiempo, pero en todas las definiciones, encontramos el concepto comun de modificar positivamente los conocimientos, actitudes y habitos relacionados con la prevencion de las enfermedades y el fomento de la salud.

Los agentes de EPS y entre ellos el profesional de enfermeria desempenan una amplia variedad de funciones; tales como:

- planear los programas

- conducir actividades de ensenanza

- evaluar resultados.

Los profesionales de enfermeria tienen la responsabilidad, al igual que otros profesionales de la salud, de educar tanto a pacientes como a sus familiares, con el fin de que obtengan un estado optimo de salud. En atencion primaria y especializada, el profesional de enfermeria tiene un papel cada dia mas relevante como educador de salud.
A wide-range and fixed latency of one clock cycle delay-locked loop (2003)

A wide-range delay-locked loop (DLL) with a fixed latency of one clock cycle is proposed. The phase selection circuit and the start-controlled circuit are used for this DLL to enlarge the operating frequency range and eliminate the harmonic locking problems. The operating frequency range of the DLL can be from 1/T/sub Dmin/ to 1/(N/spl times/T/sub Dmax/), where T/sub Dmin/ and T/sub Dmax/ are the minimum and maximum delay of a delay cell, respectively, and N is the number of delay cells used in the delay line theoretically. The prototype chip is fabricated in a 0.35-um 1P3M CMOS process. The measurement results exhibit the proposed DLL can operate from 6 MHz to 130 MHz and the latency of this DLL is just one clock cycle. From the entire operating frequency range, the maximum rms jitter doesn't exceed 25 ps. The DLL occupies an active area of 880-um/spl times/515-um and consumes a maximum power of 132 mW at 130 MHz.
Supramolecular Fluid of Associative Polymer and Viscoelastic Surfactant for Hydraulic Fracturing (2016)

Summary This paper details the study of a new fracturing fluid that is based on a supramolecular complex between associative polymer and viscoelastic surfactant (VES). The crosslinked complex gel was based on weak physical attractive forces, such as van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction between associative polymer and wormlike micelles of VES. The concentration of surfactant in the new fluid is 10 times less than that of VES fracturing fluid. The combination of VES and associative polymer synergistically enhances the viscosity to several times more than that of the individual components alone. The fluid system was optimized by experimental design. The microstructure of wormlike micelles and complex formation was verified by electron microscopy. The fluid is shear stable at high temperature for 1 hour. The dynamic rheological properties of the supramoleulcar fluid show high viscoelasticity, in which the elastic moduli are higher than the loss moduli below an angular frequency of 0.1 rad/s. The proppant-transport test in a large-scale fracture simulator showed good proppant-suspension ability. The fluid has 50% lower formation damage than conventional guar. The fluid was prepared with fewer additives, formed gel instantly, and can be mixed on the fly in the field. The gel can be completely broken with almost no residue. Field application of the new fracturing fluid in a gas well showed the enhancement of gas production by more than 100%. The fluid has 20% lower friction pressure than guar fluid. Hence, the new supramolecular fluid is an effective fracturing fluid.
Advances in High-density Whole Genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Array in Cancer Research (2006)

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is the most common type of genetic variation, and millions of SNPs have been documented so far. Because of dense distribution of SNPs across the genome, SNPs are viewed as ideal markers for research use in the post-genomic era. The application of the high-density whole genome-wide SNP array not only leads to more rapid, economical, and high throughput genotyping but also makes the investigation of the genetic variety or change in global patterns possible. The SNP array will be widely used in various research fields,such as large-scale genome-wide linkage and association studies to discover susceptibility genes in cancer, and loss of heterozygosity analysis to discover tumor suppressor genes and tumor molecular markers, and so on.
Las ciudades de la Corona de Castilla en el Antiguo Régimen: una revisión historiográfica (1995)

Este trabajo trata de presentar una vision de conjunto sobre la demografia y la economia de las ciudades de la corona de Castilla en los siglos XVI-XVIII. Con los datos que proporcionan los censos de 1530, 1591 y 1787 el articulo reconstruye la evolucion demografica de las poblaciones consideradas y traza una geografia urbana del territorio subrayando, ademas, las continuidades y los puntos de ruptura en la evolucion observada. La segunda parte del articulo se centra en el analisis de las funciones economicas de las ciudades castellanas, haciendo particular enfasis en la valoracion de los efectos de la crisis del siglo XVII y en la redefinicion que aquellas experimentaron como consecuencia. El articulo se cierra con una discusion de los problemas que plantea el uso del concepto de desurbanizacion, entendido como consecuencia de un previo proceso de desindustrializacion para explicar la evolucion a largo plazo de las ciudades de la corona de Castilla, por cuanto prejuzga e incluso desvirtua el real significado que la ciudad tenia para los contemporaneos.
Sugar Coordinately and Differentially Regulates Growth- and Stress-Related Gene Expression via a Complex Signal Transduction Network and Multiple Control Mechanisms (2001)

In plants, sugars are required to sustain growth and regulate gene expression. A large set of genes are either up- or down-regulated by sugars; however, whether there is a common mechanism and signal transduction pathway for differential and coordinated sugar regulation remain unclear. In the present study, the rice (Oryza sativa cv Tainan 5) cell culture was used as a model system to address this question. Sucrose and glucose both played dual functions in gene regulation as exemplified by the up-regulation of growth-related genes and down-regulation of stress-related genes. Sugar coordinately but differentially activated or repressed gene expression, and nuclear run-on transcription and mRNA half-life analyses revealed regulation of both the transcription rate and mRNA stability. Although coordinately regulated by sugars, these growth- and stress-related genes were up-regulated or down-regulated through hexokinase-dependent and/or hexokinase-independent pathways. We also found that the sugar signal transduction pathway may overlap the glycolytic pathway for gene repression. alpha-Amylase and the stress-related genes identified in this study were coordinately expressed under sugar starvation, suggesting a convergence of the nutritional and environmental stress signal transduction pathways. Together, our studies provide a new insight into the complex signal transduction network and mechanisms of sugar regulation of growth and stress-related genes in plants.
Coenzyme specificity of mammalian liver <scp>d</scp>‐glycerate dehydrogenase (1989)

D-Glycerate dehydrogenase (glyoxylate reductase) was partially purified from rat liver by anion- and cation-exchange chromatography. When assayed in the direction of D-glycerate or glycolate formation, the enzyme was inhibited by high (greater than or equal to 0.5 mM), unphysiological concentrations of hydroxypyruvate or glyoxylate much more potently in the presence of NADPH than in the presence of NADH. However, the dehydrogenase displayed a much greater affinity for NADPH (Km less than 1 microM) than for NADH (Km = 48-153 microM). Furthermore, NADP was over 1000-fold more potent than NAD in inhibiting the enzyme competitively with respect to NADH. NADP also inhibited the reaction competitively with respect to NADPH whereas NAD, at concentrations of up to 10 mM had no inhibitory effect. When measured by the formation of hydroxypyruvate from D-glycerate, the enzyme also displayed a much greater affinity for NADP than for NAD. These properties indicate that liver D-glycerate dehydrogenase functions physiologically as an NADPH-specific reductase. In agreement with this conclusion, the addition of hydroxypyruvate or glyoxylate to suspensions of rat hepatocytes stimulated the pentose-phosphate pathway. The coenzyme specificity of D-glycerate dehydrogenase is discussed in relation to the biochemical findings made in D-glyceric aciduria and in primary hyperoxaluria type II (L-glyceric aciduria).
De-emphasis of distracting image regions using texture power maps (2005)

A major obstacle in photography is the presence of distracting elements that pull attention away from the main subject and clutter the composition. Photographers have developed post-processing techniques to reduce the salience of distractors by altering low-level features to which the visual system is particularly attuned: sharpness, brightness, chromaticity, or saturation. Biologically-inspired models of attention identify salient regions as statistical outliers in these feature distributions. One low-level feature that cannot be directly manipulated with existing image-editing software is texture variation. Psychophysical studies have shown that discontinuities in texture can elicit an edge perception similar to that triggered by color discontinuities.
Effects of Excess Mg and Si on the Isothermal Ageing Behaviours in the Al-Mg<SUB>2</SUB>Si Alloys (2002)

The effects of excess Mg and Si contents on the isothermal ageing processes of Al-Mg2Si alloys have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy and the following results were obtained. After the formation of β′′ needles inducing large age hardening, cuboid β particles precipitate in both the excess Mg and the quasi-binary alloys, but fine Si particles nucleate in the excess Si alloys. In the quasi-binary alloy, the following reaction is the precipitation of β′ rods and then β plates form. In the excess Si alloys, various rodlike precipitates form after the precipitation of β′′ needles and Si particles in the sequence: Type-A rods→Type-B rods→β′ rods. This precipitation sequence can be understood by considering the chemical compositions of them determined by Matsuda et al.
Differential Regulation of Peripheral CD4+ T Cell Tolerance Induced by Deletion and TCR Revision (2003)

In Vbeta5 transgenic mice, mature Vbeta5(+)CD4(+) T cells are tolerized upon recognition of a self Ag, encoded by a defective endogenous retrovirus, whose expression is confined to the lymphoid periphery. Cells are driven by the tolerogen to enter one of two tolerance pathways, deletion or TCR revision. CD4(+) T cells entering the former pathway are rendered anergic and then eliminated. In contrast, TCR revision drives gene rearrangement at the endogenous TCR beta locus and results in the appearance of Vbeta5(-), endogenous Vbeta(+), CD4(+) T cells that are both self-tolerant and functional. An analysis of the molecules that influence each of these pathways was conducted to understand better the nature of the interactions that control tolerance induction in the lymphoid periphery. These studies reveal that deletion is efficient in reconstituted radiation chimeras and is B cell, CD28, inducible costimulatory molecule, Fas, CD4, and CD8 independent. In contrast, TCR revision is radiosensitive, B cell, CD28, and inducible costimulatory molecule dependent, Fas and CD4 influenced, and CD8 independent. Our data demonstrate the differential regulation of these two divergent tolerance pathways, despite the fact that they are both driven by the same tolerogen and restricted to mature CD4(+) T cells.
THE VALEDICTORY ADDRESS (2011)

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Multiple Driving Forces Required for Efficient Secretion of Autotransporter Virulence Proteins (2015)

Autotransporter (AT) proteins are a broad class of virulence proteins from Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that require their own C-terminal transmembrane domain to translocate their N-terminal passenger across the bacterial outer membrane (OM). But given the unavailability of ATP or a proton gradient across the OM, it is unknown what energy source(s) drives this process. Here we used a combination of computational and experimental approaches to quantitatively compare proposed AT OM translocation mechanisms. We show directly for the first time that when translocation was blocked an AT passenger remained unfolded in the periplasm. We demonstrate that AT secretion is a kinetically controlled, non-equilibrium process coupled to folding of the passenger and propose a model connecting passenger conformation to secretion kinetics. These results reconcile seemingly contradictory reports regarding the importance of passenger folding as a driving force for OM translocation but also reveal that another energy source is required to initiate translocation.
In vitro activation of rat liver macrophages to tumoricidal activity by free or liposome-encapsulated muramyl dipeptide. (1986)

We investigated the in vitro activation of rat liver macrophages to a tumoricidal state with free and liposome-encapsulated immunomodulators. The cytolytic activity of liver macrophages was determined by a radioactivity release assay using murine B16 melanoma cells, labeled with [methyl-3H]thymidine. Exposure of the liver macrophages to concentrations of 50 micrograms of free, nonencapsulated, muramyl dipeptide (MDP) per ml resulted in maximal levels of tumor cell lysis of approximately 20%. Encapsulation of the MDP within liposomes (multilamellar vesicles, 0.3 to 0.5 micron in diameter, consisting of egg phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and dicetylphosphate, 4:5:1) not only caused a 500-fold reduction in the amount of MDP required to obtain the same levels of cytolysis but also increased the maximally obtainable level of cytolysis more than 2-fold. A synergistic effect of lipopolysaccharide and free or encapsulated MDP on cytolytic activity was observed when the macrophages were exposed to a combination of the two agents simultaneously. Besides causing tumor cell lysis, activated macrophages were also able to suppress tumor cell proliferation by 80 to 90% as determined by a [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation assay. With a fixed amount of MDP, encapsulated in different amounts of liposomal lipid, the extent of macrophage activation was found to increase with a larger amount of encapsulating lipid. This increase in macrophage activation may be the result of a sustained intracellular release of encapsulated MDP from the liposomes. Liposome structure and composition will thus be important parameters in the in vivo application of liposomes as carriers of immunoactive substances.
1,2,3‐Triazole as a Peptide Surrogate in the Rapid Synthesis of HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors (2005)

Substitute for another bond. Docking simulations of two potent inhibitors that bear the 1,2,3-triazole moiety produced two conformations of approximately equal energy. Further analysis of the protease by X-ray crystallography solved the ambiguity of the binding mode and revealed that the triazole ring is an effective amide surrogate and retains all the hydrogen bonds in the active site (see figure).
Shale gas generation and potential of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the Southern Sichuan Basin, China (2012)

According to the latest drilling data, the geologic survey of surrounding outcrops and the laboratory test results of rock samples, this paper studies the regional distribution, geochemical and reservoir characteristics and gas concentration of organic-rich shales to reveal the shale gas generation and potential of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation of the Southern Sichuan Basin. The study area features high organic content (with TOC between 0.55% and 25.7%, average of more than 2%), great net shale thickness (of 60–300 m), high brittle mineral content (over 40%), abundant micro- and nanometer-sized pores and micro-fractures, and high gas content (0.27–6.02 m3/t, average of 1.90 m3/t), which is in favor of the generation and accumulation of shale gas. The Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation is one of the most favorable strata which has frequent gas show and industrialization breakthrough during drilling, and the Weiyuan and Xunyong-Junlian areas are two most realistic and favorable targets for shale gas exploration and development.
APC and EB1 Function Together in Mitosis to Regulate Spindle Dynamics and Chromosome Alignment (2005)

Recently, we have shown that a cancer causing truncation in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) (APC(1-1450)) dominantly interferes with mitotic spindle function, suggesting APC regulates microtubule dynamics during mitosis. Here, we examine the possibility that APC mutants interfere with the function of EB1, a plus-end microtubule-binding protein that interacts with APC and is required for normal microtubule dynamics. We show that siRNA-mediated inhibition of APC, EB1, or APC and EB1 together give rise to similar defects in mitotic spindles and chromosome alignment without arresting cells in mitosis; in contrast inhibition of CLIP170 or LIS1 cause distinct spindle defects and mitotic arrest. We show that APC(1-1450) acts as a dominant negative by forming a hetero-oligomer with the full-length APC and preventing it from interacting with EB1, which is consistent with a functional relationship between APC and EB1. Live-imaging of mitotic cells expressing EB1-GFP demonstrates that APC(1-1450) compromises the dynamics of EB1-comets, increasing the frequency of EB1-GFP pausing. Together these data provide novel insight into how APC may regulate mitotic spindle function and how errors in chromosome segregation are tolerated in tumor cells.
Flexible and heat-processable conductive films of polypyrrole (1985)

The electro-oxidation of pyrrole in the presence of anionic polyelectrolytes produces characteristic conductive black films of polymerically doped polypyrrole whose physical properties depend on those of the polyelectrolyte material.
Peeping Into Powerpuffs' Power-House: Unravelling Politics Of Projection (2016)

Powerpuff Girls, expected to re-enter the new media sometime in 2016, are obviously not the only super-heroines in the genre of animated action superheroes. Their uniqueness lies in possessing superpowers while retaining the essential individualistic girlishness. They start writing a saga of female empowerment when the world of children’s animated films and cartoons have been mostly dominated by the superheroes and even if there are a few heroines, they are shown as beautiful and enticing with bodily curves represented just in the manner the male gaze would love to see them. This may again perpetuate the myth of how important being physically attractive is for women, no matter whether they possess superpower or not. Keeping this in background the Powerpuff sisters emerge to be different when we focus on their kindergarten age and school-girl superhero costumes. They remain the little girls born out of an accidental chemical reaction possessing three basic elements -- ‘sugar, spice and everything nice’-- mixed with the mysterious chemical X. They wear cute clothes matched with their three different skin colours, they tie up their hair in three different girlish styles and wear black belts and black Mary Janes. They in no way appear sensually attractive but statistics have shown a good many number of adults were addicted to the Powerpuff cartoons and used to devour the acts of adventures they undertook. Defying fetishized representation the Powerpuffs have successfully transmitted the message among children and adults that brains have nothing to do with beauty. Besides, what can be the better way to spread the social message of how important female self-sufficiency is in an age when we are desperate to find a remedy for the deep-rooted ideological notion of male supremacy? One doesn’t have to hide her identity or reshape them in the cast of a male, one can fight the wrong, save a society and still be a female. However, though the sketchy representation keeps the Powerpuffs away from sybaritic portrayal, they cannot escape the politics of the narrative. Inherent contradictions lurking beneath the façade unsettles the ambitious endeavour of the little superheroines perpetually tying them to the stereotype of the marginalized.