gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Skin Contact and Pressure on the Composition of Sauvignon Blanc Must (2007)

Early white winemaking operations are known to affect the extraction of grape skin compounds into the juice fraction, which will dictate their concentration in the resulting wine. Grape skin contact and the amount of pressure applied during grape pressing affect the extraction of varietal aromas located in the skins. Compounds such as the polyphenols and glutathione, with antioxidant properties involved in juice oxidation processes and white wine stability, are also affected. The present study evaluates how grape skin contact and the amount of pressure applied during grape pressing affect the levels of S-(3-hexan-l-ol)cysteine (3MH-S-cys, a key grape-derived precursor to the volatile thiol 3-mercapto-hexanol (3MH), which is reminiscent of passion fruit aroma); 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine (IBMP, with a capsicum-like descriptor); phenolic compounds; and glutathione in Sauvignon Blanc juice. The study was conducted using grapes obtained from commercial Marlborough (New Zealand) vineyards, using both commercial and laboratory grape-processing procedures. Immobilized metal ion chromatography was used to isolate the 3MH- S-cys precursor from the juices. The isolated precursor was then volatilized by trimethylsilylation and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). IBMP was analyzed by GC/MS after solvent extraction, and a high-performance liquid chromatography method was used for the quantification of phenolic compounds and glutathione. 3MH- S-cys levels were seen to increase in juice fractions obtained from a winery press operating at higher pressures. The increase was attributed to the cumulative effect of longer skin contact time and the amount of pressure applied. The highly water-soluble IBMP was less affected by the amount of pressure applied during commercial grape pressing. Additional information was generated by the specific assessment of skin contact and applied pressure during grape pressing in a laboratory trial. In this trial, a long (32 h) skin contact time resulted in a greater release of varietal aroma compounds, 3MH- S-cys, and IBMP into the juice, and the concentration was further raised by increasing the pressure applied during pressing. However, for both experiments, the extraction of the varietal aroma compounds was offset by a clear increase in the juice oxidative potential, seen by a decline in glutathione content, a natural grape antioxidant, and an increase in particular oxidizeable polyphenol compounds, which may cause the must or wine to brown and lead to a loss of varietal aromas.
Dorzolamide, A Topical Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (1994)

We investigated the dose-response relationship of the intraocular pressure-lowering activity of dorzolamide, a novel topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor previously known as MK-507. A double-masked, randomized, multicenter study of 113 patients with either primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension was conducted; dorzolamide (0.2, 0.5, 1, or 2%) was administered three times daily for 14 days. All of the dorzolamide concentrations substantially lowered intraocular pressure from baseline measurements. The percentage change in baseline intraocular pressure with 0.5, 1, and 2% dorzolamide 2, 4, and 6 h after dosing on day 14 ranged from 12.0 to 17.0% on average, which was greater than after treatment with 0.2% dorzolamide. No dose response was seen for 0.5, 1, or 2% dorzolamide. The most frequently reported ocular symptom was transient smarting, which occurred in 35.6-74.1% of every treatment group. Smarting and mild hyperemia were most frequent with 2% dorzolamide (74.1 and 18.5%, respectively). The present results indicate that the 0.5, 1, and 2% concentrations of dorzolamide are almost equally effective and that 2% concentrations may be less well-tolerated than 0.5 or 1% concentrations.
Transport of ionizable drugs and proteins in crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) and poly(acrylic acid-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels. I. Polymer characterization (1996)

The purpose of this investigation was to define the polymer structure and elucidate the swelling behavior of ionizable hydrophilic polymers (hydrogels) in water and buffered media. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(acrylic acid-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [P(AA-co-HEMA)] hydrogels were synthesized with varying degrees of hydrophilicity and crosslinking and were designed as potential bioadhesive controlled-release dosage forms. The thermal initiation procedure employed during polymerization was optimized to eliminate unreacted residuals. Equilibrium and dynamic swelling studies were undertaken to determine the polymer mesh size and molecular weight between crosslinks of the hydrogels in the ionized and nonionized states. The PAA hydrogel mesh sizes ranged from 100 to 400 Å over pH values of 3–7, whereas the P(AA-co-HEMA) hydrogel mesh sizes were between 13 and 140 Å. These results demonstrated the significance of the swelling medium pH on the hydrated state of the polymers relative to crosslinking or copolymerization composition. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Promoter Function of the Angiogenic Inducer Cyr61Gene in Transgenic Mice: Tissue Specificity, Inducibility During Wound Healing, and Role of the Serum Response Element (2001)

The cysteine-rich angiogenic protein 61 (Cyr61) is an extracellular matrix-associated, heparin-binding protein that mediates cell adhesion, stimulates cell migration, and enhances growth factor-induced cell proliferation. Cyr61 also promotes chondrogenic differentiation and induces neovascularization. In this study, we show that a 2-kb fragment of the Cyr61 promoter, which confers growth factor-inducible expression in cultured fibroblasts, is able to drive accurate expression of the reporter gene lacZ in transgenic mice. Thus, transgene expression was observed in the developing placenta and embryonic cardiovascular, skeletal, and central and peripheral nervous systems. The sites of transgene expression are consistent with those observed of the endogenous Cyr61 gene as determined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The transgene expression in the cardiovascular system does not require the serum response element, a promoter sequence essential for transcriptional activation of Cyr61 by serum growth factors in cultured fibroblasts. Because the serum response element contains the CArG box, a sequence element implicated in cardiovascular-specific gene expression, the nonessential nature of this sequence for cardiovascular expression of Cyr61 is unexpected. Furthermore, the Cyr61 promoter-driven lacZ expression is inducible in granulation tissue during wound healing, as is synthesis of the endogenous Cyr61 protein, suggesting a role for Cyr61 in wound healing. Consistent with this finding, purified Cyr61 protein promotes the healing of a wounded fibroblast monolayer in culture. In addition, we mapped the mouse Cyr61 gene to the distal region of chromosome 3. Together, these results define the functional Cyr61 promoter in vivo, and suggest a role of Cyr61 in wound healing through its demonstrated angiogenic activities upon endothelial cells and its chemotactic and growth promoting activities upon fibroblasts.
Moisture transmission through textiles. Part I: Processes involved in moisture transmission and the factors at play (2007)

Moisture transmission through textiles has a great influence on the thermo-physiological comfort of the human body which is maintained by perspiring both in vapour and liquid form. The clothing to be worn should allow this perspiration to be transferred to the atmosphere in order to maintaining the thermal balance of the body. Diffusion, absorption-desorption and convection of vapour perspiration along with wetting and wicking of liquid perspiration play a significant role in maintaining thermo-physiological comfort. The scientific understanding of the processes involved in moisture transmission through textiles and the factors affecting these processes are important to designing fabrics and clothing assemblies with efficient moisture transfer in different environment and workload conditions. This paper is in two parts. Part I focuses on the moisture transmission through textile materials and it discusses the processes involved in moisture transmission and the key influencing factors at play to maintaining comfort. It is underlined that the processes which play the major role in moisture transmission in a particular situation are dependant on the moisture content of the fabric, the type of material used, the perspiration rate and the atmospheric conditions, such as humidity, temperature and wind speed. Part II is concerned with the selection of the measurement techniques which are of great importance in determining fabric factors that influence comfort. The instruments and methods used for testing purposes should adequately simulate the exact conditions for which the fabric will be used, in order to determine the effectiveness of that fabric for a particular wearing situation and environmental condition. The testing methods used and the apparatus developed by different researchers for determining moisture transmission through textiles by different mechanisms are discussed in this paper. Moreover, this part of the paper deals with the mathematical models of liquid and vapour transport through textile materials developed by several scientists in order to understand the exact phenomena involved and to predict the factors affecting the transmission under a particular condition. When designing the comfort of a clothing product for a particular application, the requirements may result from needs concerning the application, the individual wearer and the environmental conditions.
High performance of a carbon supported ternary PdIrNi catalyst for ethanol electro-oxidation in anion-exchange membrane direct ethanol fuel cells (2011)

In this paper, we report the synthesis of a carbon supported ternary PdIrNi catalyst for the ethanol oxidation reaction in anion-exchange membrane direct ethanol fuel cells (AEM DEFCs). We demonstrate that the use of the ternary PdIrNi catalyst at the anode of an AEM DEFC can increase the peak power density by more than 122% as compared with the use of the monometallic Pd catalyst, 69% as compared with the use of the bimetallic PdIr catalyst, and 44% as compared with the use of the bimetallic PdNi catalyst. Cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry analyses prove that the ternary PdIrNi catalyst is catalytically much more active and more stable than the monometallic Pd catalyst and the bimetallic PdIr and PdNi catalysts.
Shape Control of Tensegrity Airfoils (2016)

This paper develops and applies tensegrity concepts to the design of shape-controllable 2D airfoils. After introducing tensegrity systems and dynamics, a tension-driven shape control strategy is outlined, and a method of generating variable complexity tensegrity airfoils is developed. The described shape control strategy is then applied to the task of transforming a given tensegrity airfoil from some initial shape to a desired final shape. Results show the generation of tensegrity systems that approximate various NACA 4series airfoil profiles, and simulation results demonstrate successful shape control of both symmetric and asymmetric tensegrity airfoils.
Modulation of erlotinib pharmacokinetics in mice by a novel cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor, BAS 100 (2008)

Administration of BAS 100, a novel mechanism-based CYP3A4 inhibitor isolated from grapefruit juice, resulted in a 2.1-fold increase in erlotinib exposure following oral administration to wild-type and humanized CYP3A4 transgenic mice. This study illustrates the potential of BAS 100 to increase the low and variable oral bioavailability of erlotinib in cancer patients.
Demonstration of Time-Reversal in Indoor Ultra-Wideband Communication: Time Domain Measurement (2007)

Using time domain measurements, we assess the feasibility of time-reversal technique in ultra-wideband (UWB) communication. A typical indoor propagation channel is selected for the exploration. The channel response between receive and transmit antenna pairs is measured using time domain equipments which include an arbitrary wave generator (AWG) and a digital storage oscilloscope (DSO). The time-reversed version of the channel response is constructed with AWG and retransmitted in the channel. The equivalent time reversed channel response is recorded. The properties of the time reversal technique in the line of sight (LOS) co-polar and cross-polar scenarios are measured.
Highly sensitive detection for proteins using graphene oxide-aptamer based sensors (2015)

In recent years, the detection of proteins by using bare graphene oxide (GO) to quench the fluorescence of fluorescein-labeled aptamers has been reported. However, the proteins can be adsorbed on the surface of bare GO to prevent the sensitivity from further being improved. In order to solve this problem, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-protected GO was used to prevent the proteins using thrombin as an example from nonspecific binding. The detection limit was improved compared to bare GO under the optimized ratio of GO to PEG concentration. The results show that our method is a promising technique for the detection of proteins.
The first series of ferroelectric steroidal fluorinated liquid crystals (1999)

A series of cholesteryl p-perfluoroalkylphenyl carbonate (CPC) [C27H45OCO2C6H4(CF2)nF, n=1,4,6,8] liquid crystals was synthesized and their phase transition behaviours were studied. The results show that the compounds containing a not too long perfluoroalkyl chain (n=6,8) have monotropic chiral smectic C phases.
Fatty Acid Cycling in Human Hepatoma Cells and the Effects of Troglitazone (1998)

Fatty acid cycling by chain shortening/elongation in the peroxisomes is an important source of fatty acids for membrane lipid synthesis. Its role in the homeostasis of nonessential fatty acids is poorly understood. We report here a study on the cycling of saturated fatty acids and the effects of troglitazone in HepG2 cells in culture using [U-13C]stearate or [U-13C]oleate and mass isotopomer analysis. HepG2 cells were grown in the presence of 0.7 mmol/liter [U-13C]stearate or [U-13C]oleate, and in the presence and absence of 50 microM troglitazone for 72 h. Fatty acids extracted from cell pellets after saponification were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Peroxisomal beta-oxidation of uniformly 13C-labeled stearate (C18:0) and oleate (C18:1) resulted in chain shortening and produced uniformly labeled palmitate (C16:0) and palmitoleate (C16:1). In untreated cells, 16% of C16:0 was derived from C18:0 and 26% of C16:1 from C18:1 by chain shortening. Such contributions were significantly increased by troglitazone to 23.6 and 36.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). Desaturation of stearate contributed 67% of the oleate, while reduction of oleate contributed little to stearate (2%). The desaturation of C18:0 to C18:1 was not affected by troglitazone. Our results demonstrated a high degree of recycling of C18:0 and C18:1 to C16:0 and C16:1 through chain shortening and desaturation. Chain shortening was accompanied by chain elongation in the synthesis of other long chain fatty acids. Troglitazone specifically increased recycling by peroxisomal beta-oxidation of C18 to C16 fatty acids, and the interconversion of long chain fatty acids was associated with reduced de novo lipogenesis.
Seroepidemiology of human group C rotavirus in the UK (1997)

The gene coding for the major inner capsid protein VP6 of human group C rotavirus was cloned into baculovirus using the pBlueBac2 vector and expressed in insect cells. When cultured in High Five cells, VP6 was expressed at a high level and exported to the cell culture medium. Purified VP6 was used to immunise rabbits. Hyperimmune rabbit serum, which reacted with native human group C rotavirus in infected cells, was used to develop and optimise an EIA for the detection of antibodies to group C rotavirus using the recombinant VP6 as a source of antigen. In a local epidemiological survey of 1000 sera grouped by age, an average of 43% of samples were found to have antibodies to human group C rotavirus with the highest proportion (66%) in the 71-75 year age group. In comparison, 97% of adults and 85% of children had antibodies to recombinant VP6 from the bovine RF strain of group A rotavirus. These results suggest that infection with human group C rotavirus is a common occurrence despite the apparent rarity of reports of human group C rotavirus in clinical samples from patients with gastroenteritis.
Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles Show High Efficacy and Specificity at DNA Delivery to Human Glioblastoma <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> (2014)

Current glioblastoma therapies are insufficient to prevent tumor recurrence and eventual death. Here, we describe a method to treat malignant glioma by nonviral DNA delivery using biodegradable poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs), with a focus on the brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs), the tumor cell population believed to be responsible for the formation of new tumors and resistance to many conventional therapies. We show transfection efficacy of >60% and low biomaterial-mediated cytotoxicity in primary human BTICs in vitro even when the BTICs are grown as 3-D oncospheres. Intriguingly, we find that these polymeric nanoparticles show intrinsic specificity for nonviral transfection of primary human BTICs over primary healthy human neural progenitor cells and that this specificity is not due to differences in cellular growth rate or total cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Moreover, we demonstrate that biodegradable PBAE/DNA nanoparticles can be fabricated, lyophilized, and then stored for at least 2 years without losing efficacy, increasing the translational relevance of this technology. Using lyophilized nanoparticles, we show transgene expression by tumor cells after intratumoral injection into an orthotopic murine model of human glioblastoma. PBAE/DNA nanoparticles were more effective than naked DNA at exogenous gene expression in vivo, and tumor cells were transfected more effectively than noninvaded brain parenchyma in vivo. This work shows the potential of nonviral gene delivery tools to target human brain tumors.
Action Recognition Based on Joint Trajectory Maps Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

Recently, Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) have shown promising performances in many computer vision tasks, especially image-based recognition. How to effectively use ConvNets for video-based recognition is still an open problem. In this paper, we propose a compact, effective yet simple method to encode spatio-temporal information carried in 3D skeleton sequences into multiple 2D images, referred to as Joint Trajectory Maps (JTM), and ConvNets are adopted to exploit the discriminative features for real-time human action recognition. The proposed method has been evaluated on three public benchmarks, i.e., MSRC-12 Kinect gesture dataset (MSRC-12), G3D dataset and UTD multimodal human action dataset (UTD-MHAD) and achieved the state-of-the-art results.
DNA replication in the 1-cell mouse embryo: stimulatory effect of histone acetylation (1999)

Temporal and spatial distribution of the sites of DNA replication were examined in 1-cell mouse embryos. Embryos were labelled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at hourly intervals after fertilisation, and the incorporation of BrdU was examined by laser-scanning confocal microscopy following immunostaining with an anti-BrdU antibody. DNA replication first started uniformly in both the male and female pronuclei in the intranuclear region and then was observed in the peripheral regions of nucleus and nucleolus. These changes, however, occurred asynchronously in that the female pronucleus required a longer time to complete replication in the intranuclear region but not in the peripheral regions. Inhibiting transcription with alpha-amanitin had no effect on the temporal and spatial patterns of DNA replication. Treatment of the embryos with trapoxin, a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase, accelerated the completion of replication in the peripheral regions but not in the intranuclear region. These results suggest that DNA replication is temporally and spatially regulated in the 1-cell embryos and that acetylation of histones, but not transcription, is involved in the regulation of DNA replication.
Feasibility study of the<i>BrightBrainer</i>™ integrative cognitive rehabilitation system for elderly with dementia (2014)

Preliminary findings demonstrate utility within an advanced dementia population, suggesting that it will be beneficial to evaluate BrightBrainer through controlled clinical trials and to investigate its application in other clinical populations. Implications for Rehabilitation It is possible to improve cognitive function in older low-functioning patients. Integrative rehabilitation through games combining cognitive (memory, focusing, executive function) and physical (bimanual whole arm movement, grasping, task sequencing) elements is enjoyable for this population. The severity of depression in these elderly can be reduced through virtual reality bimanual games. The number of upper extremity active repetitions performed in the process of solving cognitive problems with the BrightBrainer™ system is 600. This number is 18 times (1875%) larger than those observed by other researchers in conventional physical or occupational rehabilitation sessions.
A 16mA UWB 3-to-5GHz 20Mpulses/s Quadrature Analog Correlation Receiver in 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS (2006)

A 3-to-5GHz quadrature analog correlation RX for UWB impulse radio draws 16mA at 20Mpulses/s, making it suitable for low-power low-data-rate applications. The RX is fully integrated in a CMOS 0.18μm process and comprises an LNA, quadrature LO generation and mixers, baseband filtering, an integrator, timing circuitry, and an ADC
Reduced eosinophil apoptosis in induced sputum correlates with asthma severity (2003)

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between induced sputum eosinophil apoptosis and clinical severity score, airway obstruction and symptom scores in patients with chronic stable asthma. Altogether, 41 chronic stable asthmatic subjects of varying severity defined by Aas score and 17 control subjects underwent spirometry, symptom questionnaire and successful sputum induction. Sputum was processed and cytospins prepared for light microscopy to determine normal and apoptotic eosinophils. Mild asthmatic subjects had a significantly lower percentage sputum eosinophils and a significantly higher eosinophil apoptotic ratio (AR) than moderate or chronic severe asthmatics. Severe asthmatic subjects had a significantly greater age, duration of asthma and sputum eosinophil count x mL(-1) than mild asthmatic subjects. Asthmatic subjects' symptom scores, severity scores and age inversely correlated with AR and the percentage of sputum eosinophils. Baseline forced expiratory volume in one second inversely correlated with percentage sputum eosinophils and positively correlated with AR. The study demonstrates a relationship between reduced sputum eosinophil apoptosis and increased clinical severity of chronic stable asthma, providing additional evidence that eosinophil apoptosis may be important in the resolution of eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma.