gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene expression during cold and heat shock in wheat (1991)

Translatable messenger RNAs expression was compared in cold- and heat-stressed winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Fredrick' and 'Norstar') and spring wheat (T. aestivum L. 'Glenlea'). Polyadenylated RNA isolated from the crown and leaf tissues was translated in a wheat germ cell free system and the acidic and basic in vitro products were resolved by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. The results showed that low temperature stress rapidly induced two groups of mRNAs. The first group was transient in nature and consists of 18 mRNAs that reached their highest levels of induction after 24 h of low temperature exposure and then decreased to undetectable levels. The second group consists of 53 mRNAs that were also induced or increased rapidly, but maintained their levels of expression during the 4 weeks required to induce freezing tolerance. Among those, at least 34 were expressed at higher levels in the freezing tolerant winter wheat compared with the less tolerant spring wheat. This suggests a possible relation between the expression of these mRNAs and the capacity of each genotype to develop freezing tolerance. In the case of heat shock, 50 mRNAs were induced or increased after 3 h at 40 degrees C. Among these, the expression of only six mRNAs was altered in a similar manner in the three genotypes by both treatments. The remaining mRNAs code for typical heat shock proteins which are different from those induced by low temperature. None of these mRNAs has been associated with the development of freezing tolerance. These results suggest that heat and cold stress are controlled by different genetic systems.
Seed of <i>Barbarea verna</i> as a Rich Source of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate to Provide Natural Protection from Environmental and Dietary Toxins (2001)

ABSTRACT Cruciferous veg e ta bles have a long his tory as a healthy com po nent of a daily diet and con tain many com pounds that may pre vent can cer. Phenethyl isothiocyanate is a break down prod uct of glucosinolates and has many well-doc u mented anticancer ac tiv i ties. A method for maximizing the re lease of phenethyl isothiocyanate from up land cress (Barbarea verna) seed, the rich est source, is pre sented. Op ti mal re lease is de pend ent on time, tem per a ture and pH. This method, anal o gous to the mas ti ca tion of fresh plant ma te rial, en ables the prep a ra tion of an ef fi cacious di etary sup plement contain ing up to 2% of phenethyl isothio -cyanate.
Pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins: their role in surface tension reduction (1991)

It is generally, albeit not universally [1,2], accepted that pulmonary surfactant stabilizes the lung by lowering the surface tension at the air-water interface of the alveoli. The requirement for pulmonary surfactant is particularly critical at birth when the newborn infant must clear its lungs of fetal pulmonary fluid and establish regular air breathing. Indeed, as outlined in detail in other chapters of this book, treatment of prematurely delivered infants with extracts of bovine or porcine surfactant leads to a significant reduction in the incidence and in the intensity of the respiratory distress syndrome of the neonate [3–5].
Interaction of Arginine with Proteins and the Mechanism by Which It Inhibits Aggregation (2010)

Aqueous arginine solutions are used extensively for inhibiting protein aggregation. There are several theories proposed to explain the effect of arginine on protein stability, but the exact mechanism is still not clear. To understand the mechanism of protein cosolvent interaction, the intraprotein, protein-solvent, and intrasolvent interactions have to be understood. Molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous arginine solutions were carried out for experimentally accessible concentrations and temperature ranges to study the structure of the solution and its energetic properties and obtain insight into the mechanism by which arginine inhibits protein aggregation. Simulations of proteins (α-chymotrypsinogen A and melittin) were performed. Structurally, the most striking feature of the aqueous arginine solutions is the self-association of arginine molecules. Arginine shows a marked tendency to form clusters with head to tail hydrogen bonding. Due to the presence of the three charged groups, there are several possible configurations in which arginine molecules interact. At relatively high concentrations, these arginine clusters associate with other clusters and monomeric arginine molecules to form large clusters. The hydrogen bonds between arginine molecules were found to be stronger than those between arginine and water, which makes the process of self-association enthalpically favorable. From the simulation of the proteins in aqueous arginine solution, arginine is found to interact with the aromatic and charged side chains of surface residues. A probable mechanism of the effect of arginine on protein stability consistent with our findings is proposed. In particular, arginine interacts with aromatic and charged residues due to cation-π interaction and salt-bridge formation, respectively, to stabilize the partially unfolded intermediates. The self-interaction of arginine leads to the formation of clusters which, due to their size, crowd out the protein-protein interaction. The mechanisms proposed in the literature are analyzed on the basis of the simulation results reported in this paper and recent experimental data.
Isotopic evolution of the Lewisian Complex of Tiree, Inner Hebrides and correlation with the mainland (1995)

Synopsis We present the first Sr, Pb, and Nd isotopic data from the Lewisian gneisses of Tiree, Inner Hebrides. Depleted mantle Sm–Nd model ages ( t DM ) from the granulite facies gneisses of SW Tiree range from 2.63 to 2.84 Ga (weighted terrane average of 2.79 Ga) and confirm a late Archaean gneiss protolith age. Pb–Pb data define a c. 2.7 Ga regression line with a typical mantle μ 1 value of 7.8. The absence of a good isochron relationship for these gneisses is attributed to U/Pb fractionation during metamorphism without complete Pb-isotopic homogenization. Multi-stage Pb-isotopic modelling results are consistent with late Archaean high-grade metamorphism; the alternative of an early Laxfordian (South Harris equivalent) granulite facies event at c. 1.9–1.7 Ga is rendered unlikely by the high μ 1 values required. Rb–Sr data from the Caoles migmatite complex of east Tiree yield a regression age of 1.68 ± 0.06 Ga with an initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio of 0.711 ± 0.003. The values for ɛ Nd (1.7) of c . −10, the elevated 87 Sr/ 86 Sr(1.7) ratio, and the recently documented presence of probable Scourie dykes ( Muir et al . 1993 ) suggest that these migmatites formed during Laxfordian reworking of a late Archaean protolith. In addition, the higher 87 Sr/ 86 Sr(1.7) values of the migmatitic gneisses, relative to the SW Tiree granulites, suggests either that the late-Archaean high-grade event did not cause pervasive large ion lithophile element (LILE) depletion throughout Tiree, or that the east Tiree amphibolite facies terrane represents a different structural level and/or distinct terrane. Our data allow a correlation of gneiss-forming and reworking events on Tiree with those of the mainland Lewisian and thus answer long-standing questions concerning the nature of the Lewisian in the Inner Hebrides.
Fuzzy Learning Grasping Force Controller for Manipulator Hand (2005)

A fuzzy set adaptive and learning control algorithm was developed. It was implemented with a digital signal processor. In order to confirm the feasibility of applying it to practical systems, the digital controller was experimentally applied to grasping force control for a manipulator hand powered by a transistor PWM converter-fed servomotor. This robust manipulator hand can grip objects with different compliances stably. The controller is applicable to systems whose dynamics change time-variantly. Usually adaptive control cannot be applied to such systems since it takes time for an adaptive mechanism to converge to the final state. The proposed learning algorithm is derived on the basis of sliding mode control. It gives strong error convergence properties, which are proved by using the Lyapunov stability theorem, since it does not contain integrators. It can be applied to adaptive algorithms for controller and filters and to a learning algorithm for a neural network used in a control system. >
Transactivation of the <i>Brassica napus</i> napin promoter by ABI3 requires interaction of the conserved B2 and B3 domains of ABI3 with different <i>cis</i>‐elements: B2 mediates activation through an ABRE, whereas B3 interacts with an RY/G‐box (2000)

The transcriptional activator ABI3 is a key regulator of gene expression during embryo maturation in crucifers. In monocots, the related VP1 protein regulates the Em promoter synergistically with abscisic acid (ABA). We identified cis-elements in the Brassica napus napin napA promoter mediating regulation by ABI3 and ABA, by analyzing substitution mutation constructs of napA in transgenic tobacco plantlets ectopically expressing ABI3. In transient analysis using particle bombardment of tobacco leaf sections, a tetramer of the distB ABRE (abscisic acid-responsive element) mediated transactivation by ABI3 and ABI3-dependent response to ABA, whereas a tetramer of the composite RY/G complex, containing RY repeats and a G-box, mediated only ABA-independent transactivation by ABI3. Deletion of the conserved B2 and B3 domains of ABI3 abolished transactivation of napA by ABI3. The two domains of ABI3 interact with different cis-elements: B2 is necessary for ABA-independent and ABA-dependent activations through the distB ABRE, whereas B3 interacts with the RY/G complex. Thus B2 mediates the interaction of ABI3 with the protein complex at the ABRE. The regulation of napA by ABI3 differs from Em regulation by VP1, in that the B3 domain of ABI3 is essential for the ABA-dependent regulation of napA.
Simplified synthesis of decaborane(14) from sodium tetrahydroborate via tetradecahydroundecaborate(1-) ion (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimplified synthesis of decaborane(14) from sodium tetrahydroborate via tetradecahydroundecaborate(1-) ionGary B. Dunks, Kathryn. Barker, Eddie. Hedaya, Catherine. Hefner, Kathy. Palmer-Ordonez, and Peter. RemecCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 6, 1692–1697Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50220a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50220a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1478Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hybrid testing schemes based on mutual and signature testing (2002)

Signature based techniques have been well known for the built-in self-test of integrated systems. We propose a novel test architecture which uses a judicious combination of mutual testing and signature testing to achieve low test area overhead, low aliasing probability and low test application time. The proposed architecture is powerful for testing highly concurrent systems in applications such as iterative logic arrays, real-time systems, systolic arrays, and low-latency pipelines which tend to have a large number of functional modules of a similar nature. We provide graph-theoretic optimization algorithms to optimize the test area and test application time of the resulting test architecture.
Review of Sensing Methodologies for Estimation of Combustion Metrics (2016)

For reduction of engine-out emissions and improvement of fuel economy, closed-loop control of the combustion process has been explored and documented by many researchers. In the closed-loop control, the engine control parameters are optimized according to the estimated instantaneous combustion metrics provided by the combustion sensing process. Combustion sensing process is primarily composed of two aspects: combustion response signal acquisition and response signal processing. As a number of different signals have been employed as the response signal and the signal processing techniques can be different, this paper did a review work concerning the two aspects: combustion response signals and signal processing techniques. In-cylinder pressure signal was not investigated as one of the response signals in this paper since it has been studied and documented in many publications and also due to its high cost and inconvenience in the application.
Targeting Apoptosis Pathways for New Cancer Therapeutics (2013)

The past decade has witnessed tremendous advances in the discovery and development of novel small-molecule inhibitors targeting apoptosis pathways for cancer treatment, with some compounds now in clinical development. Early promising clinical data have been reported with these new classes of anticancer drugs. This review highlights the recent advancements in the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting three major classes of antiapoptotic proteins: antiapoptotic B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) proteins, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), and murine double-minute 2 (MDM2). Special emphasis is given to those that have been advanced into clinical trials. The challenges and future directions in the further preclinical and clinical development of these new anticancer drugs are also discussed.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on Agglomeration of Magnetic Colloidal Particles in Magnetic Fluids (1991)

Macro-clusters formation of the magnetic colloidal particles in magnetic fluids is investigated. Experiments of an optical microscope observation of the macro-clusters formation and of anomalous light scattering by the magnetic fluid are reported. Looking upon the anomalous light scattering of the magnetic fluid as a kind of critical opalescence and using Debye's opalescence theory, we derive a thermodynamical instability theory of the colloidal particles' dispersion. Relations among the instability theory of Cebers, that of Sano and Doi, and ours are discussed. An interaction energy among the colloidal particles is evaluated from the light scattering experiment. Similarities among the macro-cluster formation, spinodal decomposition of precipitation-type magnetic alloys, and flux-line lattice formation in type-II superconductors are discussed.
Centrifugal instabilities in a curved rectangular duct of small aspect ratio (2001)

We report experimental results on the stability of the flow occurring in a curved rectangular duct of small aspect ratio, where the centrifugational forces act along the largest dimension. The basic flow is three-dimensional as in a square or circular curved duct, and above a critical flow rate, streamwise vortices are observed. The threshold of the instability is found to be controlled by a Dean number.
Design of a native-like secreted form of the hepatitis C virus E1E2 heterodimer (2021)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major worldwide health burden, and a preventive vaccine is needed for global control or eradication of this virus. A substantial hurdle to an effective HCV vaccine is the high variability of the virus, leading to immune escape. The E1E2 glycoprotein complex contains conserved epitopes and elicits neutralizing antibody responses, making it a primary target for HCV vaccine development. However, the E1E2 transmembrane domains that are critical for native assembly make it challenging to produce this complex in a homogenous soluble form that is reflective of its state on the viral envelope. To enable rational design of an E1E2 vaccine, as well as structural characterization efforts, we have designed a soluble, secreted form of E1E2 (sE1E2). As with soluble glycoprotein designs for other viruses, it incorporates a scaffold to enforce assembly in the absence of the transmembrane domains, along with a furin cleavage site to permit native-like heterodimerization. This sE1E2 was found to assemble into a form closer to its expected size than full-length E1E2. Preservation of native structural elements was confirmed by high-affinity binding to a panel of conformationally specific monoclonal antibodies, including two neutralizing antibodies specific to native E1E2 and to its primary receptor, CD81. Finally, sE1E2 was found to elicit robust neutralizing antibodies in vivo. This designed sE1E2 can both provide insights into the determinants of native E1E2 assembly and serve as a platform for production of E1E2 for future structural and vaccine studies, enabling rational optimization of an E1E2-based antigen.
Cell-cycle regulation of a human histone H2b gene is mediated by the H2b subtype-specific consensus element. (1988)

Mammalian histone gene transcription is increased approximately fivefold during the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase of the cell cycle. In this study, we present a detailed in vivo analysis of the human histone H2b promoter, which establishes that transcriptional regulation of this gene is mediated by a subtype-specific consensus element containing the core octanucleotide ATTTGCAT. Our results demonstrate that the activity of this sequence is specific for S phase. Comparative analysis of different replication variant mammalian histone gene promoters and our knowledge of the transcription factors interacting with the human histone H2b and H4 promoters allow us to conclude that coordinate regulation of histone gene transcription in higher eukaryotes is mediated by distinct factors. We propose a simple model for transcriptional regulation of mammalian histone gene expression, which incorporates both the distinct features of the individual histone gene promoters and the apparent functional equivalence of the specific sequence elements regulating transcription of each histone gene subtype.
The Synergic Effects of Mirror Therapy and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Hand Function in Stroke Patients (2011)

Our results showed that there is a synergic effect of mirror therapy and NMES on hand function. Therefore, a hand rehabilitation strategy combined with NMES and mirror therapy may be more helpful for improving hand function in stroke patients than NMES or mirror therapy only.
Resolution in Holography (1969)

The utility of holography for many applications will depend upon the quality and resolution of the images reconstructed from the hologram. In this paper some of the practical limitations encountered in the'attainment of high resolution images from holograms are investigated on a theoretical and experimental basis. The ultimate resolution of a holographic system depends upon the numerical aperture of the system, but it is found that the aberrations introduced by practical tolerances will generally limit the resolution to something less than the optimum value. The limiting factor found in this study was the angular alignment of the reconstruction wavefront.
Eye Injuries after Nonocular Surgery (1996)

For reasons not understood, eye injuries are more common in patients who are older or who undergo lengthier procedures. The cause of injury was usually not determined by the authors' methods. Until the mechanisms producing perioperative eye injuries are better understood, it is difficult to identify strategies to prevent this type of injury.
Automated tumor delineation using joint PET/CT information (2007)

In this paper, we propose a new method for automated delineation of tumor boundaries in whole-body PET/CT by jointly using information from both PET and diagnostic CT images. Our method takes advantage of initial robust hot spot detection and segmentation performed in PET to provide a conservative tumor structure delineation. Using this estimate as initialization, a model for tumor appearance and shape in corresponding CT structures is learned and the model provides the basis for classifying each voxel to either lesion or background class. This CT classification is then probabilistically integrated with PET classification using the joint likelihood ratio test technique to derive the final delineation. More accurate and reproducible tumor delineation is achieved as a result of such multi-modal tumor delineation, without additional user intervention. The method is particular useful to improve the PET delineation result when there are clear contrast edges in CT between tumor and healthy tissue, and to enable CT segmentation guided by PET when such contrast difference is absent in CT.
Redundancy management in distributed flight control systems: experience & simulations (2003)

In the design of fault tolerant real time systems, the most important issue is fault handling and redundancy managing. Adding hardware as well as software in order to tolerate faults requires a redundancy strategy to attain and prove the expected as well as the required fault tolerance. This paper presents fault handling strategies of a future distributed architecture for a flight control system (FCS) designed for the JAS 39 Gripen, a modern 4th generation multi-purpose combat aircraft. The results are based on knowledge of and experience from the JAS 39 Gripen, with over 15000 flight hours. Consequently, a highly dependable real time control system is addressed, however, the principles of the distributed system are general and can be applied to other combat and commercial aircraft as well as for other embedded control systems, e.g. in cars, trains etc. The distributed architecture aims to tolerate permanent and transient physical faults, whereas software design faults are not catered for. Simulations give experimental results for validation of the fault tolerance qualities of the distributed control system. The fault handling simulations include transient fault recovery, exploring three redundancy principles and also tests of time limits for permanent fault handling, i.e. system reconfiguration. The results are based on experiments on a simulator validated against the actual aircraft.