gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal processing techniques for improved resolver-to-digital conversion accuracy (2002)

Several methods for reducing the position error caused by the existence of nonideal resolver signal characteristics are introduced. The most straightforward method is to calibrate each resolver and resolver-to-digital (R/D) converter and then correct the R/D converter output in real time. While this method corrects all errors, including those with an origin in the R/D converter, it is also the most time-consuming and labor intensive. By appropriate signal processing, it is shown that quadrature error can be eliminated by simple algebraic manipulation of the resolver signals. It is also shown that all even harmonics in the resolver signals can be canceled if the resolver is constructed with complementary phases. It is shown that amplitude imbalance can be used to reduce the position due to inductive harmonics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dependence of tetrachloroethylene dechlorination on methanogenic substrate consumption by Methanosarcina sp. strain DCM (1988)

Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene, PCE) is a suspected carcinogen and a common groundwater contaminant. Although PCE is highly resistant to aerobic biodegradation, it is subject to reductive dechlorination reactions in a variety of anaerobic habitats. The data presented here clearly establish that axenic cultures of Methanosarcina sp. strain DCM dechlorinate PCE to trichloroethylene and that this is a biological reaction. Growth on methanol, acetate, methylamine, and trimethylamine resulted in PCE dechlorination. The reductive dechlorination of PCE occurred only during methanogenesis, and no dechlorination was noted when CH4 production ceased. There was a clear dependence of the extent of PCE dechlorination on the amount of methanogenic substrate (methanol) consumed. The amount of trichloroethylene formed per millimole of CH4 formed remained essentially constant for a 20-fold range of methanol concentrations and for growth on acetate, methylamine, and trimethylamine. These results suggest that the reducing equivalents for PCE dechlorination are derived from CH4 biosynthesis and that the extent of chloroethylene dechlorination can be enhanced by stimulating methanogenesis. It is proposed that electrons transferred during methanogenesis are diverted to PCE by a reduced electron carrier involved in methane formation.
<title>Perceptually standardized imaging of digitized film for comparative ROC measurements</title> (2000)

Primary diagnostic reading of digitized film, displayed on a CRT, requires a quality assurance (QA) that all of the perceptual information, which is accessible from the film when displayed on a light table, can be reproduced on the CRT display. Some of the CRT display parameters are already defined. The DICOM standard 3.14 introduces a contrast transfer function (grayscale display function standard) for minimum contrasts which are defined as single just-noticeable- differences (JND) in luminance. It establishes, throughout the entire intensity range of the data, contrast recognition of single JND resolution and implies linearity of contrast perception. Conventionally, the CRT QA utilizes a SMPTE contrast test pattern of 5% contrast ]13 digital driving levels (DDLs)[ resolution. We developed for the QA of the new standard a perceptual contrast pattern with single DDL resolution (perceptual contrast pattern equals P-pattern). It allows the visual assessment and measurement of perceived contrast linearity at a minimum level 1.2% contrast (3 DDLs). We analyzed, at various room light conditions (0 - 300 cdm<SUP>-2</SUP>) and on DICOM 3.14-standardized CRTs of various maximum luminance (110 - 400 cdm<SUP>-2</SUP>), the minimum luminance of the CRT that is required for establishing perceptual contrast linearity. We compared the use of the SMPTE pattern and the P-pattern for QA of linearity. The SMPTE pattern was not effective for a statistically significant correlation of contrast linearity with room light and monitor luminance. However, the P-pattern furnished an effective tool for the assessment, measurement or adjustment of contrast linearity. We found that perception of linearity for 3 JND contrasts at low room light conditions (0 - 6 cdm<SUP>-2</SUP>) requires a minimum luminance of 10 cdm<SUP>-2</SUP> which is not directly derived from the background luminance of the light reflected from the monitor but may indicate a perceptual threshold value for task performance.
Cyanäthylierung Desmotroper Verbindungen (1957)

Abstract Es wird über die Reaktion von Acrylnitril mit Verbindungen berichtet, die durch aktive Methylengruppen oder phenolische Gruppen eine ausgeprägte Tautomerie aufweisen. Die Struktur der aus Resorcin und Phloroglucin erhaltenen Produkte wird auf Grund ihrer UV‐ und IR‐Spektren diskutiert. Offenbar tritt in beiden Fällen mindestens eine Cyanäthylgruppe an ein Ring‐C‐Atom.
A Killer–Rescue system for self-limiting gene drive of anti-pathogen constructs (2008)

A number of genetic mechanisms have been suggested for driving anti-pathogen genes into natural populations. Each of these mechanisms requires complex genetic engineering, and most are theoretically expected to permanently spread throughout the target species' geographical range. In the near term, risk issues and technical limits of molecular methods could delay the development and use of these mechanisms. We propose a gene-drive mechanism that can be self-limiting over time and space, and is simpler to build. This mechanism involves one gene that codes for toxicity (killer) and a second that confers immunity to the toxic effects (rescue). We use population-genetic models to explore cases with one or two independent insertions of the killer gene and one insertion of the rescue gene. We vary the dominance and penetrance of gene action, as well as the magnitude of fitness costs. Even with the fitness costs of 10 per cent for each gene, the proportion of mosquitoes expected to transmit the pathogen decreases below 5 per cent for over 40 generations after one 2:1 release (engineered:wild) or after four 1:2 releases. Both the killer and rescue genes will be lost from the population over time, if the rescue construct has any associated fitness cost. Molecular approaches for constructing strains are discussed.
<title>Optical Device Structures Grown By Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE)</title> (1982)

Near ideal injection lasers can be grown by liquid phase epitaxy but the growth process must include etching of a first epitaxial growth and controlled wetting, melt back and re-growth in a second growth cycle. The growth and properties of two such lasers, the strip buried heterostructure (SBH) and loss stabilized buried optical guide (LSBOG) are described in some detail. Similar growth procedures provide integration of lasers with waveguides, modulators, distributed Bragg reflectors and the formation of uniform arrays of lasers with laser to laser separation as close as 15 μm.
Consistency of Primary Brain Tumor Diagnoses and Codes in Cancer Surveillance Systems (2004)

High-quality cancer registry data are essential for assessing trends in incidence rates. This study evaluated the consistency of brain tumor surveillance data using a random sample of cases from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. Three neuropathologists independently and blindly reviewed tumor slides from 204 cases and a nosologist blindly reviewed and assigned International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) codes to 326 cases. For the pathology review, absolute concordance was as high as 81% for all primary brain tumors. Absolute concordance rates were high for nerve sheath (89%), meningioma (95%), and pituitary (95%) tumors. Rates were much lower for malignant tumors. ICD-O coding of malignant brain tumors is of relatively high quality with the exception of mixed gliomas and unspecified tumors. A high level of consistency for nonmalignant brain tumor diagnoses suggests that rates for these tumors, when actively reported to a surveillance system, can be of high quality.
MOP: A Monodentate Chiral Phosphine Ligand for Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions. (1994)

Axially chiral monophosphines, 2-(diphenylphosphino)-2'-methoxy-1,1'-binaphthyl (MeO-MOP, la) and its biphenanthryl analog 5 were prepared starting with homochiral 2 ,2'-dihydroxy-1 ,1'-binaphthyl and 3 ,3'-dihydroxy-4,4'-biphenanthryl, respectively.
Introducing electromagnetic field momentum (2012)

I describe an elementary way of introducing electromagnetic field momentum. By considering a system of a long solenoid and line charge, the dependence of the field momentum on the electric and magnetic fields can be deduced. I obtain the electromagnetic angular momentum for a point charge and magnetic monopole pair partially through dimensional analysis and without using vector calculus identities or the need to evaluate integrals. I use this result to show that linear and angular momenta are conserved for a charge in the presence of a magnetic dipole when the dipole strength is changed.
A three-dimensional elastic macroscopic graphene network for thermal management application (2014)

A three-dimensional elastic macroscopic graphene network (3D-GN) was prepared with the assistance of porous SiO2 ceramic substrates by using ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition, which is suitable for thermal management application. The free standing elastic macroscopic 3D-GN possesses excellent electrical, mechanical and thermal transfer properties.
Inside Windows file formats (1993)

From the Publisher:
Windows file formats are revealed! This book, written by best-selling author Tom Swan, shows C programmers how to manage and control various Windows file formats.
Contains tips, techniques, secrets, and cautions
Includes numerous code listings
Disk contains all the code listings, file functions toolkit, and third-party software
Hepatocyte growth factor activates quiescent skeletal muscle satellite cells in vitro (1995)

The effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on the activation of quiescent rat skeletal muscle satellite cells was evaluated in vitro. Satellite cells from 9-month-old adult rats are quiescent in vivo and when cultured, display a protracted lag phase prior to division that is not present in satellite cells from neonatal or regenerating muscle. Under normal growth conditions, satellite cells divide for the first time between 42 and 60 hr. Hepatocyte growth factor increased proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion prior to 48 hr with half-maximal stimulation at approximately 3 ng/ml; in addition, heparin enhanced this activity. The time course of cyclin-D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was accelerated in HGF-treated satellite cells, indicating that cells entered the cell cycle earlier. No significant effects on muscle-derived fibroblast proliferation was observed. The signalling receptor for HGF is the product of the c-met protooncogene, and rtPCR analysis of satellite cells 0-72 hr in culture demonstrated the presence of this message throughout this time period. The presence of c-met in quiescent satellite cells, the ability of HGF to stimulate precocious entry into the cell cycle, and the previously described localization of HGF message in regenerating muscle (Jennische et al., 1993) indicate that HGF could act as an activator of quiescent satellite cells in vivo.
Electrospun Regenerated Cellulose Nanofibrous Membranes Surface-Grafted with Polymer Chains/Brushes via the Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Method for Catalase Immobilization (2014)

In this study, an electrospun regenerated cellulose (RC) nanofibrous membrane with fiber diameters of ∼200-400 nm was prepared first; subsequently, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), and acrylic acid (AA) were selected as the monomers for surface grafting of polymer chains/brushes via the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. Thereafter, four nanofibrous membranes (i.e., RC, RC-poly(HEMA), RC-poly(DMAEMA), and RC-poly(AA)) were explored as innovative supports for immobilization of an enzyme of bovine liver catalase (CAT). The amount/capacity, activity, stability, and reusability of immobilized catalase were evaluated, and the kinetic parameters (Vmax and Km) for immobilized and free catalase were determined. The results indicated that the respective amounts/capacities of immobilized catalase on RC-poly(HEMA) and RC-poly(DMAEMA) nanofibrous membranes reached 78 ± 3.5 and 67 ± 2.7 mg g(-1), which were considerably higher than the previously reported values. Meanwhile, compared to that of free CAT (i.e., 18 days), the half-life periods of RC-CAT, RC-poly(HEMA)-CAT, RC-poly(DMAEMA)-CAT, and RC-poly(AA)-CAT were 49, 58, 56, and 60 days, respectively, indicating that the storage stability of immobilized catalase was also significantly improved. Furthermore, the immobilized catalase exhibited substantially higher resistance to temperature variation (tested from 5 to 70 °C) and lower degree of sensitivity to pH value (tested from 4.0 and 10.0) than the free catalase. In particular, according to the kinetic parameters of Vmax and Km, the nanofibrous membranes of RC-poly(HEMA) (i.e., 5102 μmol mg(-1) min(-1) and 44.89 mM) and RC-poly(DMAEMA) (i.e., 4651 μmol mg(-1) min(-1) and 46.98 mM) had the most satisfactory biocompatibility with immobilized catalase. It was therefore concluded that the electrospun RC nanofibrous membranes surface-grafted with 3-dimensional nanolayers of polymer chains/brushes would be suitable/ideal as efficient supports for high-density and reusable enzyme immobilization.
Profiling of Acarviostatin Family Secondary Metabolites Secreted by <i>Streptomyces coelicoflavus</i> ZG0656 Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2008)

Profiling of acarviostatin family secondary metabolites secreted by Streptomyces coelicoflavus ZG0656 was performed by means of a rapid and facile procedure using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MS). The acarviostatins were separated on a C18 UPLC column with a series of acetonitrile-aqueous ammonia gradients. The target homologues were detected using the multiple reaction monitoring mode, and the chemical structures were confirmed by analyzing the diagnostic fragment ions in their MS/MS spectra. All six known reference acarviostatins (I03, II03, II13, II23, III03, IV03) were thus identified. In addition, at least 74 acarviostatin homologues, including 65 novel compounds, were characterized. Some of the features of the novel structures included having up to five acarviosine moieties, an acarviosine moiety at the reducing terminus, or an incomplete acarviosine moiety at the nonreducing terminus. This type of investigation may be useful for researchers who study secondary metabolomics in microorganisms and plants, especially those who perform metabolic profiling of aminooligosaccharides and other natural products with similar structures.
Effectiveness of Poly(vinylpyridine) Block Copolymers as Stabilizers of Aqueous Titanium Dioxide Dispersions of a High Solid Content (1999)

Diblock copolymers of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) and sodium methacrylate (MANa) have been synthesized and tested as dispersants for aqueous dispersions (80 wt % solid) of alumina-coated titanium dioxide. P4VP is strongly anchored onto the pigment surface. The molecular composition of the block copolymers has an effect on the amount of copolymer required for imparting good stability to the slurry. Where the two parent triblock copolymers are concerned, triblocks consisting of PMANa outer blocks have a stabilizing efficiency comparable to the diblock copolymers, whereas the reverse structure is much less efficient. In the case of a nonblock distribution of 4VP and MANa in the copolymer chains, the stabilization effect is lost. Finally, the comparison of different stabilizing blocks attached to the same anchoring block confirms that the electrosteric stabilization mechanism is superior to the steric stabilization mechanism. A decrease in the anchoring strength of the diblocks has a deleterious effect on the dispersion stability.
A Survey of Natural Language Question Answering System (2014)

In Question answering (QA) system retrieves the precise information from large documents according to user query. This survey paper describe the different methods of natural language question answering system (NLQA) for general languages.QA System automatically retrieve correct responses to the question asked by the human in natural languages.
Spike-Based Synaptic Plasticity in Silicon: Design, Implementation, Application, and Challenges (2014)

The ability to carry out signal processing, classification, recognition, and computation in artificial spiking neural networks (SNNs) is mediated by their synapses. In particular, through activity-dependent alteration of their efficacies, synapses play a fundamental role in learning. The mathematical prescriptions under which synapses modify their weights are termed synaptic plasticity rules. These learning rules can be based on abstract computational neuroscience models or on detailed biophysical ones. As these rules are being proposed and developed by experimental and computational neuroscientists, engineers strive to design and implement them in silicon and en masse in order to employ them in complex real-world applications. In this paper, we describe analog very large-scale integration (VLSI) circuit implementations of multiple synaptic plasticity rules, ranging from phenomenological ones (e.g., based on spike timing, mean firing rates, or both) to biophysically realistic ones (e.g., calcium-dependent models). We discuss the application domains, weaknesses, and strengths of various representative approaches proposed in the literature, and provide insight into the challenges that engineers face when designing and implementing synaptic plasticity rules in VLSI technology for utilizing them in real-world applications.
Evidence for at least 25 distinct acyl‐CoA synthetase genes in the human genome (2006)

Acyl‐CoA synthetases (ACS) catalyze the fundamental, initial reaction in fatty acid metabolism. By thioesterification to coenzyme A, fatty acids become “activated”, allowing their participation in both anabolic and catabolic pathways. The availability of the sequenced human genome has facilitated investigation of the number of ACS genes encoded. Two conserved amino acid sequence motifs are readily identifiable in known and putative ACSs. One is a very highly conserved AMP‐binding domain common to enzymes whose reaction mechanism involves an adenylated substrate intermediate. The second motif is more variable, but contains several highly conserved residues that form a consensus sequence. Using these two motifs to probe human genomic, non‐redundant, and EST databases, at least 25 candidate ACS genes/proteins were identified. All known ACSs were detected, and several previously undescribed genes were also found. Because of the diversity of acyl chain lengths encountered by cells, ACSs that differ in their chain‐length specificites have evolved; sequence similarities within the second conserved motif permit segregation of enzymes into families that roughly correspond to their acyl chain‐length preference. Additional candidate ACSs that do not readily fit into these families were also identified. Comparison of human ACS sequences to those of bacterial and yeast ACSs whose crystal structures have been solved revealed the presence of additional amino acid residues and motifs that likely have functional or structural roles. Knowing the full complement of ACS genes in the human genome should facilitate characterization of their metabolic functions. Supported by NIH grants NS37355, HD10981, and HD24061.
SDN Based Inter-Technology Load Balancing Leveraged by Flow Admission Control (2013)

In this paper, we have followed the idea of exploiting inter-technology load balancing leveraged by flow admission control with software defined networking (SDN). By means of the highly flexible interfaces, SDN is simply effective in the 5G network architecture where load balancing and dynamic flow admission control are considered as essence of networking. In one hand, load balancing presented in this paper reveals a drastic reduction of unsatisfied-user percentage almost by five times while, on the other hand, it enhances per-flow resource allocation more than %. In addition, this proposal substantially off-loads the core-network, avoids over-utilizing the cellular network and reserves resources based on cut-off priority. Explicitly, it allows a certain degree of freedom to choose the network options based on user-preference and their priorities. Finally, we compare our load balancing algorithm leveraged by flow admission control with an analytical model to ensure the correctness and efficiency.
Hydrogen Bonding and the Interfacial Component of Adhesion: Acid/Base Interactions of Corona-Treated Polypropylene (1996)

Abstract The effect of activation of the surface of polypropylene sheet, by a corona discharge, upon the contact angles of liquids and on the surface free energy parameters γLW, γ⊕ and γ⊖, was determined. Both advancing and retreating contact angles were measured. The “acid/base” theory of the components of surface free energy was employed. The contact angles of water and glycerol were initially lower by as much as 30°, after treatment, and that of diiodomethane was lower by about 5°. With time, the advancing angles rose, and the γ⊕ and γ⊖ parameters fell, towards the values on the untreated solids, and attained more or less steady values after 5 to 10 days. The basic component, γ⊖, was the most strongly affected by the corona treatment; it rose, typically, from 2.2 to as high as 25 mJ/m2. The acidic component, γ⊕, rose from zero to as high as 1.9 mJ/m2. Its decay with time was only qualitatively the same as that of γ⊖. The retreating angles, and the corresponding energy components, were changed in the same direction, and somewhat more strongly, than were the “advancing” data. The well-known improvement in the property of forming strong joints or adherent coatings, after corona treatment, is no doubt due to the formation of sites or areas on the polymers where hydrogen bonds can be formed. The decay of the strength of adhesion with time is, no doubt, due to the decay of these sites or areas.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF CUTTINGS ANALYSIS USING NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE TECHNOLOGY (2002)

A quantitative method of determination of rock properties from cuttings using nuclear magnetic resonance technology is given. On the basis of laboratery experiment, differences between cuttings analysis and core analysis are studied and the feasibility of on site nuclear magnetic resonance cuttings analysis is investigated. The method to determine the rock properties such as porosity, permeability etc. from cuttings using nuclear magnetic resonance technology is also given.
A 1/3-in 510(H)*492(V) CCD image sensor with mirror image function (1991)

A 1/3-in optical format 510(H)*492(V) interline charge-coupled-device (CCD) image sensor with a mirror-image function has been developed. To realize both a normal image and a mirror image, the horizontal shift register (H-CCD) is transferred forward and backward by a four-electrode, quasi-two-phase clock drive. The unit cell size is 9.6(H)*7.5(V) mu m/sup 2/. An on-chip microlens has been developed to achieve a sensitivity of 28 mV/lx, which is higher than that of the conventional 1/2-in device. The hole accumulation diode (HAD) sensor used has the advantage of low dark current, negligibly small lag, high blooming suppression, and a variable-speed electronic shutter. The smear reduction level is -83 dB. Horizontal resolution of 330 TV lines is obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>