gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pigs as Source of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> CC398 Infections in Humans, Denmark (2008)

An emerging subtype of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), clonal complex (CC) 398, is associated with animals, particularly pigs. We conducted a matched case-control and a case-case study comparing 21 CC398 case-patients with 2 controls randomly selected from the Danish Civil Registry and 2 case-patients infected with MRSA other than CC398. On farms of case-patients, animals were examined for MRSA. Thirteen case-patients reported pig exposure. Living or working on farms with animals was an independent risk factor for CC398 in the case-control (matched odds ratio [MOR] 35.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7-469.8) and the case-case study (MOR 14.5, 95%CI 2.7-76.7). History of hospitalization was associated with an increased risk only in the case-control study (MOR 11.4, 95% CI 1.4-94.8). A total of 23 of 50 pigs on 4 of 5 farms were positive for CC398. Our results, corroborated by microbiologic testing, demonstrate that pigs are a source of CC398 in Denmark.
Crystal field effects on the reactivity of aluminum-copper cluster anions (2010)

The limits and useful modifications of the jellium model are of great interest in understanding the properties of metallic clusters, especially involving bimetallic systems. We have measured the relative reactivity of ${\text{CuAl}}_{n}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ clusters $(n=11--34)$ with ${\text{O}}_{2}$. An odd-even alternation is observed that is in accordance with spin-dependant etching, and ${\text{CuAl}}_{22}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is observed as a ``magic peak.'' The etching resistance of ${\text{CuAl}}_{22}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is explained by an unusually large splitting of the $2{\text{D}}^{10}$ subshell that occurs because of a geometric distortion of the cluster that may also be understood as a crystal field splitting of the superatomic orbitals.
Simple beam-bending package for tunable phase shift in fiber Bragg gratings (2014)

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a simple and accurate fiber Bragg grating (FBG) phase shift tuning system using mechanical micro-strain. Continuous phase shift tuning between 0 and π in FBGs based on a low-cost beam bending package is experimentally established. The results indicate that the magnitude of the temporary phase shifts can be easily reconfigured by adjusting the travel distance of a micrometer screw.
A broadband substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filter (2005)

Broadband filters are constantly requirement in wideband transceivers which often cover a whole microwave band. Traditionally, microwave filters have been implemented as passive networks of waveguide, coplanar waveguide, microstrip, etc. More recently, microwave filters have also been realized in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Compared to microstrip circuits, the SIW components have many advantages, such as high Q-factor and low radiation losses. Additionally, they are smaller than the corresponding conventional rectangular waveguide components. An eleven-stage broadband SIW filter has been designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the SIW filter can be operated from 9.25 GHz to 11.25 GHz with good selectivity performance. The filter has a small size, low weight, and can be integrated with other SIW components without any transitions. It is suitable for the design of microwave and millimeter wave integrated circuits.
The Autonomous Lagrangian Circulation Explorer (ALACE) (1992)

Abstract The autonomous Lagrangian circulation explorer (ALACE) is a subsurface float that cycles vertically from a depth where it is neutrally buoyant to the surface where it is located by, and relays data to, System Argos satellites. ALACEs are intended to permit exploration of large-scale low-frequency currents and to provide repeated vertical profiles of mean variables. ALACEs periodically change their buoyancy by pumping hydraulic fluid from an internal reservoir to an external bladder, thereby increasing float volume and buoyancy. Because positioning and data relay are accomplished by satellite, ALACEs are autonomous of acoustic tracking networks and are suitable for global deployment in arrays of any size. While providing only a sequence of displacements between surfacing intervals, ALACEs are efficient in gathering the widely spaced long-term observations needed to map large-scale average flow. The primary technical challenges met in the ALACE design are maximizing energy efficiency to achieve a l...
Hybridization‐Sensitive On–Off DNA Probe: Application of the Exciton Coupling Effect to Effective Fluorescence Quenching (2008)

The design of dyes that emit fluorescence only when they recognize the target molecule, that is, chemistry for the effective quenching of free dyes, must play a significant role in the development of the next generation of functional fluorescent dyes. On the basis of this concept, we designed a doubly fluorescence-labeled nucleoside. Two thiazole orange dyes were covalently linked to a single nucleotide in a DNA probe. An absorption band at approximately 480 nm appeared strongly when the probe was in a single-stranded state, whereas an absorption band at approximately 510 nm became predominant when the probe was hybridized with the complementary strand. The shift in the absorption bands shows the existence of an excitonic interaction caused by the formation of an H aggregate between dyes, and as a result, emission from the probe before hybridization was suppressed. Dissociation of aggregates by hybridization with the complementary strand resulted in the disruption of the excitonic interaction and strong emission from the hybrid. This clear change in fluorescence intensity that is dependent on hybridization is useful for visible gene analysis.
Stevioside is not metabolized in the isolated perfused rat liver. (1995)

Stevioside, the sweet glycoside of Stevia rebaudiana, was perfused in to rat livers in order to see if, according to previous suggestions, the hepatic tissue is able to metabolize this compound. Stevioside, at the concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 mM, was recirculated during two hours. The concentration of stevioside remained constant during the whole perfusion time. The possible formation of hydrolysis products, especially steviol, was investigated chromatographically, with negative results. It can be concluded that the reported metabolic transformation of intravenously injected [131I]iodine-stevioside is either a specific characteristic of this derivative or depends on factors that are absent in the isolated perfused rat liver.
MAGMA: Generalized Gene-Set Analysis of GWAS Data (2015)

By aggregating data for complex traits in a biologically meaningful way, gene and gene-set analysis constitute a valuable addition to single-marker analysis. However, although various methods for gene and gene-set analysis currently exist, they generally suffer from a number of issues. Statistical power for most methods is strongly affected by linkage disequilibrium between markers, multi-marker associations are often hard to detect, and the reliance on permutation to compute p-values tends to make the analysis computationally very expensive. To address these issues we have developed MAGMA, a novel tool for gene and gene-set analysis. The gene analysis is based on a multiple regression model, to provide better statistical performance. The gene-set analysis is built as a separate layer around the gene analysis for additional flexibility. This gene-set analysis also uses a regression structure to allow generalization to analysis of continuous properties of genes and simultaneous analysis of multiple gene sets and other gene properties. Simulations and an analysis of Crohn's Disease data are used to evaluate the performance of MAGMA and to compare it to a number of other gene and gene-set analysis tools. The results show that MAGMA has significantly more power than other tools for both the gene and the gene-set analysis, identifying more genes and gene sets associated with Crohn's Disease while maintaining a correct type 1 error rate. Moreover, the MAGMA analysis of the Crohn's Disease data was found to be considerably faster as well.
Preparation of novel reactive plastisol based on poly(vinyl chloride) and multifunctional acryl esters (2000)

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) powder was mixed with various polyfunctional acryl monomers as plasticizers to prepare acrylate-modified plastisols. This class of plastisol was hardened into the B stage without reaction and then cured into a harder material through crosslinking of the acrylate. The best formulation was attained after evaluation of various acrylates, PVC grades, and peroxides. Several difunctional acrylates with solubility parameters similar to that of PVC could be most conveniently used as the plasticizer. A sheet molding compound was obtained by the combination of the resultant plastisols with glass fiber by compression molding using conventional machines. It was cured into a PVC-based fiber reinforced plastic with high performance. This class of acrylate-modified plastisol is called reactive plastisol. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1794–1801, 2000
Test generation for cyclic combinational circuits (1995)

Circuits that have an underlying acyclic topology are guaranteed to be combinational since feedback is necessary for sequential behavior. However, the reverse is not true, i,e., feedback is not a sufficient condition since there do exist combinational logic circuits that are cyclic. In fact, such combinational circuits occur often in bus structures in data paths. This class of circuits has largely been ignored by conventional combinational single-stuck-at fault test pattern generators which assume that the circuit topology is acyclic. There has not been a formal study of the test generation problem for these circuits. Also, no algorithms and tools exist for this purpose. In practice, test generation for these circuits is handled in an awkward manner, typically with poor fault coverage. This work provides, for the first time, a formal analysis of the test generation problem for these circuits. This analysis leads to a clear insight into generation of tests, as well as a classification of untestable faults for such circuits. We demonstrate that cyclic combinational circuits may have untestable faults that do not correspond to redundancies. This insight is then translated to a testing algorithm which has been implemented in the program RAM. RAM has been successful in providing complete or near complete coverage on a range of typical examples, which is significantly higher than that provided by conventional techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In-situ photopolymerization of oriented liquid-crystalline acrylates (1990)

The scope of this thesis concerns a new method to produce oriented polymers by the in-situ photopolymerization of oriented liquid-crystalline acrylates. The desired macroscopic molecular order is already accomplished in the monomeric state prior to the polymerization. ... Zie: Summary
Improving Student Question Classification (2009)

Students in introductory programming classes often articulate their questions and information needs incompletely. Consequently, the automatic classification of student questions to provide automated tutorial responses is a challenging problem. This paper analyzes 411 questions from an introductory Java programming course by reducing the natural language of the questions to a vector space, and then utilizing cosine similarity to identify similar previous questions. We report classification accuracies between 23% and 55%, obtaining substantial improvements by exploiting domain knowledge (compiler error messages) and educational context (assignment name). Our mean reciprocal rank scores are comparable to and arguably better than most scores reported in a major information retrieval competition, even though our dataset consists of questions asked by students that are difficult to classify. Our results are especially timely and relevant for online courses where students are completing the same set of assignments asynchronously and access to staff is limited.
Nonautonomous contact guidance signaling during collective cell migration (2014)

Directed migration of groups of cells is a critical aspect of tissue morphogenesis that ensures proper tissue organization and, consequently, function. Cells moving in groups, unlike single cells, must coordinate their migratory behavior to maintain tissue integrity. During directed migration, cells are guided by a combination of mechanical and chemical cues presented by neighboring cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix. One important class of signals that guide cell migration includes topographic cues. Although the contact guidance response of individual cells to topographic cues has been extensively characterized, little is known about the response of groups of cells to topographic cues, the impact of such cues on cell-cell coordination within groups, and the transmission of nonautonomous contact guidance information between neighboring cells. Here, we explore these phenomena by quantifying the migratory response of confluent monolayers of epithelial and fibroblast cells to contact guidance cues provided by grooved topography. We show that, in both sparse clusters and confluent sheets, individual cells are contact-guided by grooves and show more coordinated behavior on grooved versus flat substrates. Furthermore, we demonstrate both in vitro and in silico that the guidance signal provided by a groove can propagate between neighboring cells in a confluent monolayer, and that the distance over which signal propagation occurs is not significantly influenced by the strength of cell-cell junctions but is an emergent property, similar to cellular streaming, triggered by mechanical exclusion interactions within the collective system.
Onyx Embolization of Dural Arteriovenous Fistula, using Scepter C Balloon Catheter: a Case Report (2013)

We report our experience using Onyx for embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) under dual lumen balloon catheter flow arrest. Transfemoral cerebral angiography revealed a superior sagittal sinus (SSS) DAVF that was supplied via multiple branches of the external carotid arteries, the right anterior cerebral arteries, and the meningeal branches of the internal carotid artery. There was no anterograde venous drainage through the SSS, and venous drainage was almost retrograde through the medullary and cortical veins. Under general anesthesia, a transvenous approach was utilized to place the microcatheter close to the fistula site. After intravenous embolization with various coils, DAVF was partially occluded; Balloon catheter gained access to the DAVF via the right middle meningeal artery. We injected Onyx through the Scepter C catheter, after which DAVF was nearly completely occluded. Balloon-assisted Onyx embolization is a feasible and effective approach for the management of DAVF.
Classification Through Machine Learning Technique: C4. 5 Algorithm based on Various Entropies (2013)

Data mining is an interdisciplinary field of computer science and is referred to extracting or mining knowledge from large amounts of data. Classification is one of the data mining techniques that maps the data into the predefined classes and groups. It is used to predict group membership for data instances. There are many areas that adapt Data mining techniques such as medical, marketing, telecommunications, and stock, health care and so on. The C4.5 can be referred as the statistic Classifier. This algorithm uses gain radio for feature selection and to construct the decision tree. It handles both continuous and discrete features. C4.5 algorithm is widely used because of its quick classification and high precision. This paper proposed a C4.5 classifier based on the various entropies (Shannon Entropy, Havrda and Charvt entropy, Quadratic entropy) instance of Shannon entropy for classification. Experiment results show that the various entropy based approach is effective in achieving a high classification rate.
Effective hydrodeoxygenation of dibenzofuran by a bimetallic catalyst in water (2015)

Hydrodeoxygenation of dibenzofuran by Ni/Pt bimetallic catalyst was achieved with 99% total conversion and 88% of selectivity of cyclohexylbenzene.
Tomographic full-waveform inversion (TFWI) by combining FWI and wave-equation migration velocity analysis (2013)

Convergence of full waveform inversion can be improved by extending the velocity model along either the subsurface-offset axis or the time-lag axis. The extension of the velocity model along the time-lag axis enables us to linearly model large time shifts caused by velocity perturbations. The extension is based on a new linearization of the scalar wave equation where the extended-velocity perturbation is convolved in time with the Laplacian of the background wavefield. This linearization is accurate for both reflected events and transmitted events and, in particular, for diving waves recorded at large offsets. The modeling capabilities of the proposed linearization enable the simultaneous inversion of reflections and diving waves even when the starting velocity model is far from being accurate. We solve the resulting optimization problem with a nested algorithm. The inner iterations are based on the proposed linearization and on a mixing of scales between the short- and long-wavelength components of the velocity model. Numerical tests performed on two synthetic data sets modeled on the Marmousi model and on the Caspian Sea portion of the well-known BP model show the global-convergence properties as well as the high-resolution potential of the method.
Computation Simulation on Aerodynamic Characteristic of PSD in Subway Platform (2009)

Based on the unsteady compressible three-dimensional N-S equations and standard k-turbulent model, the travel process was simulated used the finite volume method. The pressure variation mechanism and its spatial-time change characteristic of PSD were analyzed. Meanwhile, the relationship between the pressure of PSD and such influence factors was discussed, as train speed, blockage ratio, the area as well as the ventilation scheme of the subway tunnel. Result showed it is necessary to consider the pressure variation in influence of the exhaust ventilation of the subway tunnel, and the pressure gradient along with the train and the pressure wave between the piston vents, coming into being during the train traveling in subway tunnel, are the basic factors causing the pressure fluctuation of PSD, especially the former, which is called the plane turbulent Coquette flow. The scope of PSD pressure fluctuation is proportional to the tunnel blockage ratio and the square of train speed. Smaller area of piston vent is favorable to reduce the pressure.
Teaching of History in Elementary and Secondary Schools with Applications to Allied Studies (1941)

Teaching of History in Elementary and Secondary Schools, with Applications to Allied Studies. By Henry Johnson. Revised Edition. (New York: Macmillan Company, 1940. xv + 467 pp. $3.00.) Get access Burr W. Phillips, Burr W. Phillips Editor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. W. P. B. W. P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 27, Issue 4, March 1941, Pages 612–613, https://doi.org/10.2307/1897960 Published: 01 March 1941
Highly Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantiopure Dihydro-1,2-oxazines: Dual-Organocatalyst-Promoted Asymmetric Cascade Reaction (2012)

A one-pot dual-organocatalyst-promoted asymmetric α-aminoxylation/aza-Michael/aldol consendation cascade reaction is presented. The targeted optically active 1,2-oxazine derivatives are synthesized in moderate yields (up to 70%), excellent enantioselectivities (ee >99% in all cases), and excellent diastereoselectivities (dr up to >99:1) under mild conditions. To further elucidate the synthetic utility of the cascade products, cleavage of the N-O bond is demonstrated and an enantiopure syn-1,4-amino alcohol derivative is achieved in excellent yield.
GPhenoVision: A Ground Mobile System with Multi-modal Imaging for Field-Based High Throughput Phenotyping of Cotton (2018)

Imaging sensors can extend phenotyping capability, but they require a system to handle high-volume data. The overall goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a field-based high throughput phenotyping system accommodating high-resolution imagers. The system consisted of a high-clearance tractor and sensing and electrical systems. The sensing system was based on a distributed structure, integrating environmental sensors, real-time kinematic GPS, and multiple imaging sensors including RGB-D, thermal, and hyperspectral cameras. Custom software was developed with a multilayered architecture for system control and data collection. The system was evaluated by scanning a cotton field with 23 genotypes for quantification of canopy growth and development. A data processing pipeline was developed to extract phenotypes at the canopy level, including height, width, projected leaf area, and volume from RGB-D data and temperature from thermal images. Growth rates of morphological traits were accordingly calculated. The traits had strong correlations (r = 0.54-0.74) with fiber yield and good broad sense heritability (H<sup>2</sup> = 0.27-0.72), suggesting the potential for conducting quantitative genetic analysis and contributing to yield prediction models. The developed system is a useful tool for a wide range of breeding/genetic, agronomic/physiological, and economic studies.
Surface immobilization of plant cells (1989)

A novel technique has been developed to immobilize plant cells. The cells are deposited on a surface of man-made fibrous material that provides for strong binding of the plant tissue biomass growing in the submerged culture. The immobilized plant cells remain fully viable. Relatively uniform biomass loadings of up to 20 mg d.w. plant cells/cm(2) support material have been attained. All plant cells from the inoculum suspension became attached within the first 24-48 h depending on the support matrix configuration and hydraulic culture conditions. The advantages and scale-up potential of this technique are discussed and compared to other culturing modes.
An Application of Force Ellipsoid to the Optimal Load Distribution for two Cooperating Robots (1993)

The optimal load distribution for two cooperating robots is studied, and a solution approach utilizing a force ellipsoid is presented. The load distribution problem is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem with a quadratic cost function. The effort exerted by the robots to follow the specified motion is defined to be the joint torque norm square, and the optimal solution minimizing the effort is obtained using the concept of the force ellipsoid and nonlinear optimization theory. Despite the presence of the joint torque constraints, the optimal solution is obtained almost as a closed form which requires small computation time. The proposed solution approach is illustrated and the internal force effect is studied using a numerical example. >