gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical Model for BitTorrent-Based Live Video Streaming (2007)

Peer-to-peer live video streaming over the Internet has been measured to support over 100,000 concurrent users. While the approach is very attractive, established providers need to understand the performance of such a system before deploying such a system as a frequent loss in quality would jeopardize their reputation. This paper provides an analytical model to inform the design of BitTorrent-based live video streaming solutions. While, given the current broadband deployment scenario, a pure peer- to-peer solution can support only limited streaming rates, our analysis shows that the addition of a well-designed peer-to-peer solution to existing server-based streaming infrastructures can allow substantially higher streaming rates. The efficiency of a BitTorrent-like peer-to-peer solution depends on the peer group size and the number of fragments available for sharing at any given time. Our analysis suggests that the efficiency of the peer- to-peer solution is not sensitive to the size of the peer group for groups larger than 15-20 users. A similar threshold exists for the number of fragments available for sharing at any given time. For live streaming scenarios, this threshold dictates that the fragment size be substantially smaller than the default fragment size in BitTorrent to ensure that the stream latency is small.
Intrinsic connections in the macaque inferior temporal cortex (1996)

Intrinsic connections in the inferior temporal cortex were analyzed by making extracellular injections of biocytin in Japanese macaques. Analysis was focused mainly on the dorsal part of area TE, in which a functional columnar organization has been shown. Interlaminar connections were analyzed in coronal section after laminar-specific microinjections, and intralaminar connections were examined from tangential sections. After injections at various depths in the dorsal TE, both axons and cell bodies were strongly labeled above or below the injection site in a columnar appearance. Axons from layer 3 ran in bundles towards the white matter and gave off prominent collaterals in layer 5. Ascending axons from lower to upper layers were also present (e.g., layers 4, 5, and 6 to layer 3). In tangential sections, there were abundant axons running parallel to the pia mater. These horizontal axons, particularly those in layers 2 and 3, produced patches of terminals 0.5 +/- 0.1 mm (mean +/- s.d.) in size and cylindrical in shape, spanning layers 1-3 or even to layers 4 and 5. In the tangential plane, they were distributed in an anisotropic manner around the injection. The farthest patch appeared at 4 mm from the injection site. The center-to-center distance between nearest-neighbor patches was 0.7 +/- 0.3 mm. These patches were found only within the dorsal TE and did not extend into the lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus or into the ventral part of area TE. Area TEO, which is a major afferent source to area TE, had axonal patches with spacing similar to those in area TE but with smaller sizes (0.4 +/- 0.1 mm). The results show that intrinsic horizontal axons both in area TE and in area TEO arborize in a patchy manner, as has been reported for several other cortical areas. In are TE, the size and spacing of the terminal patches match those of columns with similar stimulus selectivity. Thus, these patches may be related to the functional modularity in area TE. Vertical connections across layers and cylindrical patches of horizontal axons most likely contribute to the shared stimulus selectivity among cells within a column.
Specific Inhibition of Thrombin-Induced Cell Activation by the Neutrophil Proteinases Elastase, Cathepsin G, and Proteinase 3: Evidence for Distinct Cleavage Sites Within the Aminoterminal Domain of the Thrombin Receptor (1997)

The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of human leukocyte elastase (HLE), cathepsin G (Cat G), and proteinase 3 (PR3) on the activation of endothelial cells (ECs) and platelets by thrombin and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Although preincubation of ECs with HLE or Cat G prevented cytosolic calcium mobilization and prostacyclin synthesis induced by thrombin, these cell responses were not affected when triggered by TRAP42-55, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the sequence of the tethered ligand (Ser42-Phe55) unmasked by thrombin on cleavage of its receptor. Using IIaR-A, a monoclonal antibody directed against the sequence encompassing this cleavage site, flow cytometry analysis showed that the surface expression of this epitope was abolished after incubation of ECs with HLE or Cat G. Further experiments conducted with platelets indicated that not only HLE and Cat G but also PR3 inhibited cell activation induced by thrombin, although they were again ineffective when TRAP42-55 was the agonist. Similar to that for ECs, the epitope for IIaR-A disappeared on treatment of platelets with either proteinase. These results suggested that the neutrophil enzymes proteolyzed the thrombin receptor downstream of the thrombin cleavage site (Arg41-Ser42) but left intact the TRAP42-55 binding site (Gln83-Ser93) within the extracellular aminoterminal domain. The capacity of these proteinases to cleave five overlapping synthetic peptides mapping the portion of the receptor from Asn35 to Pro85 was then investigated. Mass spectrometry studies showed several distinct cleavage sites, i.e., two for HLE (Val(72)-Ser73 and Ile74-Asn75), three for Cat G (Arg41-Ser42, Phe55-Trp56 and Tyr69-Arg70), and one for PR3 (Val(72)-Ser73). We conclude that this singular susceptibility of the thrombin receptor to proteolysis accounts for the ability of neutrophil proteinases to inhibit cell responses to thrombin.
Flexural modulus and molecular motion of PPE and PC by blending low molecular weight compounds (1997)

Physical and dynamic viscoelastic properties of the blends of polyphenylene-ether (PPE) and aromatic low molecular weight compounds with specific chemical structure were studied. As a result, flexural modulus increase was observed by blending aromatic phosphates, phthalic esters, or aromatic amine, which had similar chemical structure to aromatic phosphates. The observed maximum flexural modulus was 2.94 MPa, whereas PPE alone showed 2.45 MPa. There was a trend that flexural modulus increased according to the molecular weight of aromatic phosphate, though molecular weight dependence was very small for phthalic esters. By calculating the interaction between PPE chains and low molecular weight components using a molecular dynamic simulation program, it was found that there was a peculiar conformation where benzene rings interacted with methyl groups of PPE, then flexural modulus was affected as a result of this interaction. A similar conclusion was obtained by a β-dispersion shift observed by dynamic viscoelastic spectroscopy. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 19–28, 1997
Parathyroid hormone linked to a collagen binding domain promotes hair growth in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced alopecia in a dose-dependent manner (2014)

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia is a major source of psychological stress in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy, and it can influence treatment decisions. Although there is currently no therapy for alopecia, a fusion protein of parathyroid hormone and collagen binding domain (PTH-CBD) has shown promise in animal models. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are dose-dependent effects of PTH-CBD on chemotherapy-induced alopecia in a mouse model. C57BL/6J mice were waxed to synchronize hair follicles; treated on day 7 with vehicle or PTH-CBD (100, 320, and 1000 mcg/kg subcutaneous injection); and treated on day 9 with vehicle or cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Mice were photographed every 3-4 days and killed on day 63 for histological analysis. Photographs were quantified by gray scale analysis to assess hair content. Mice not receiving chemotherapy showed regrowth of hair 2 weeks after waxing and normal histology after 2 months. Mice receiving chemotherapy alone showed marked hair loss after chemotherapy, which was sustained for 10 days and was followed by rapid regrowth of a normal coat. Histological analysis revealed rapid cycling dystrophic anagen/catagen follicles. Animals receiving chemotherapy and PTH-CBD showed decreased hair loss and more rapid regrowth of hair than that seen with chemotherapy alone (increased hair growth by gray scale analysis, P<0.05), and the effects were dose dependent. Histologically, hair follicles in animals receiving the highest dose of PTH-CBD were in a quiescent phase, similar to that in mice that did not receive chemotherapy. Single-dose subcutaneous administration of PTH-CBD showed dose-dependent effects in minimizing hair loss and speeding up recovery from chemotherapy-induced alopecia.
Real-time state estimation of the EPFL-campus medium-voltage grid by using PMUs (2015)

We describe the real-time monitoring infrastructure of the smart-grid pilot on the EPFL campus. We experimentally validate the concept of a real-time state-estimation for a 20 kV active distribution network. We designed and put into operation the whole infrastructure composed by the following main elements: (1) dedicated PMUs connected on the medium-voltage side of the network secondary substations by means of specific current/voltage transducers; (2) a dedicated communication network engineered to support stringent time limits and (3) an innovative state estimation process for real-time monitoring that incorporates phasor-data concentration and state estimation processes. Special care was taken to make the whole chain resilient to cyber-attacks, equipment failures and power outages. The achieved latency is within 65ms. The refresh rate of the estimated state is 20ms. The real-time visualization of the state estimator output is made publicly available, as well as the historical data (PMU measurements and estimated states). To the best of our knowledge, the work presented here is the first operational system that provides low-latency real-time state-estimation by using PMU measurements of a real active distribution network.
Object-Oriented Simulator Design For an Automated High-Speed Modular Placement Machine Family (1999)

This paper introduces the computer model established for a new family of modular type, multi-station walking beam high-speed chip mounter (also called chip shooter) machines, and the implemented high-accuracy simula tion software. The objective of the project was the de velopment of a comprehensive simulation tool that can replace the real machines in experiments regarding sys tem analysis and setup, yet provide accurate cycle time estimation. The thorough analysis of the machines led to the understanding of the characteristics of each part of the system, as well as the hierarchy of the parts and the interaction between them. This well-defined hierar chy and separability of different parts suggest the ob ject-oriented paradigm for the implementation of the simulation software. This paper highlights the major goals successfully addressed by the developed software: the identification of the system hierarchy with its rep resentation in a C++ class structure, the implementa tion providing code efficiency, and the design of I/O features that prepare the simulator to be embedded in an optimization procedure.
Prostatic acid phosphatase degrades lysophosphatidic acid in seminal plasma (2004)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator with multiple biological activities and is detected in various biological fluids, including human seminal plasma. Due to its cell proliferation stimulatory and anti-apoptotic activities, LPA has been implicated in the progression of some cancers such as ovarian cancer and prostate cancer. Here, we show that prostatic acid phosphatase, which is a non-specific phosphatase and which has been implicated in the progression of prostate cancer, inactivates LPA in human seminal plasma. Human seminal plasma contains both an LPA-synthetic enzyme, lysoPLD, which converts lysophospholipids to LPA and is responsible for LPA production in serum, and its major substrate, lysophosphatidylcholine. In serum, LPA accumulated during incubation at 37 degrees C. However, in seminal plasma, LPA did not accumulate. This discrepancy is explained by the presence of a strong LPA-degrading activity. Incubation of LPA with seminal plasma resulted in the disappearance of LPA and an accompanying accumulation of monoglyceride showing that LPA is degraded by phosphatase activity present in the seminal plasma. When seminal plasma was incubated in the presence of a phosphatase inhibitor, sodium orthovanadate, LPA accumulated, indicating that LPA is produced and degraded in the fluid. Biochemical characterization of the LPA-phosphatase activity identified two phosphatase activities in human seminal plasma. By Western blotting analysis in combination with several column chromatographies, the major activity was revealed to be identical to prostatic acid phosphatase. The present study demonstrates active LPA metabolism in seminal plasma and indicates the possible role of LPA signaling in male sexual organs including prostate cancer.
Mutagenesis of bacterial elongation factor Tu at lysine 136 (1989)

We have studied the effects of specific amino acid replacements in EF-Tu upon the protein's interactions with guanine nucleotides and elongation factor Ts (EFTs). We found that alterations at the lysine residue of the Asn-Lys-Cys-Asp sequence, the guanine ring-binding sequence, differentially affect the protein's ability to bind guanine nucleotides. Wild type EF-Tu (Lys-136) binds GDP and GTP much more tightly than do many of the altered proteins. Replacing lysine by arginine lowers the protein's affinity for GDP by about 20-fold relative to the change in its affinity for EF-Ts. Substitutions at residue 136 by glutamine (K136Q) and glutamic acid (K136E) further lower the protein relative affinity for GDP by factors of about 4 and 10, respectively. In contrast, replacement of the residue by isoleucine (K136I) eliminates guanine nucleotide binding as well as EF-Ts binding. Apparently, the distortion of this loop by substitution at residue 136 of a bulky hydrophobic residue can hamper the binding for both substrates or disrupt the folding of the protein. All altered proteins except EF-Tu(K136I) are able to bind tRNA(Phe); however, they require much higher concentrations of GTP than wild type EF-Tu. In minimal media, Escherichia coli cells harboring plasmids encoding EF-Tu(K136E) or EF-Tu(K136Q) suffer growth retardation relative to cells bearing the same plasmid encoding wild type EF-Tu. Co-transformation of these cells with a compatible plasmid bearing the EF-Ts gene reverses this growth problem. The growth retardation effect of some of the altered proteins can be explained by their sequestering EF-Ts. These results indicate that EF-Ts is essential to the growth of E. coli and suggest a technique for studying EF-Ts mutants as well as for identifying other guanine nucleotide exchange enzymes.
Fitting planetary orbits with a spreadsheet (1995)

The paper describes how, using a modern computer spreadsheet, it is possible to fit binocular observations of the planets to a theoretical model of circular orbits, from which fundamental data about the solar system may be deduced. Using nothing more than a pair of binoculars, a reasonably accurate star map and a modicum of patience, it is possible to find the periods and relative sizes of the orbits of Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn quite accurately from one's own observations. From these it is possible to illustrate Kepler's third law, and by implication the inverse square law of gravity, in operation on an interplanetary distance scale. With some further assumptions, it is possible to deduce the mass of the Sun.
H CHAIN SUBGROUPS OF MYELOMA PROTEINS AND NORMAL 7S γ-GLOBULIN (1964)

Through the use of a variety of antisera to isolated myeloma proteins, four subgroups of 7S gamma-globulin type proteins were readily distinguished. The first, the Vi subgroup, consisted of ten of 64 myeloma proteins studied. The second, the We group, contained the majority of myeloma proteins. The third, the Ge subgroup, included three of 50 myeloma proteins. The fourth remains ill-defined and appears heterogeneous. Counterparts for both the Vi and the Ge subgroup, were found in the Fr II gamma-globulin and in the normal gamma-globulin of all of a large number of individual sera studied. The unique antigenic character of both groups was localized to the H chains, although different determinants were involved for different antisera. An essential role of intact disulfide bonds was apparent with certain rabbit antisera. In addition to the special antigenic characteristics, the Ge subgroup showed in each instance a fast mobility for the F fragments produced by papain which was not found for other myeloma proteins.
Self-Assembled Dinuclear Cobalt(II)-Salen Catalyst Through Hydrogen-Bonding and Its Application to Enantioselective Nitro-Aldol (Henry) Reaction (2008)

Novel chiral dinuclear Co(II)-salen catalysts self-assembled through the pyridone/aminopyridine hydrogen-bonding pair have been developed. The self-assembled dinuclear Co(II)-Salen catalyst results in significant rate acceleration (48 times faster rate) as well as excellent enantioselectivity (96% ee vs 55% ee) in a nitro-aldol reaction, compared to the corresponding monomeric catalyst. A bimetallic mechanism is suggested by the kinetic experiment showing that the rate law is second order in [catalyst]. The self-assembly through hydrogen bonding was confirmed by X-ray structure and by the 1H experiments revealing that the dimerization constant of the novel hydrogen-bonding capable salen ligand in 25% v/v CD3NO2/CDCl3 is 53 ± 21 M−1. This result proves the validity of self-assembly based approaches toward the efficient construction of chiral bimetallic catalyst system.
Online Grocery Order Fulfillment Tradeoffs (2008)

This study analyzes tradeoffs online grocers face in their fulfillment strategy. Brick and click grocers initially favor fulfillment from stores rather than distribution centers. However, store fulfillment is vulnerable to congestion and "trolley rage" when pickers of online orders get in the way of traditional shoppers. Although fulfillment from distribution centers relieves store congestion, and improves picking productivity and product selection, online grocers show concern for the high cost and uncertain demand. We propose a model for minimizing congestion of online grocery orders. Practitioners can use the model to prevent customer dissatisfaction while researchers will find this study provides a basis for future model variants.
Distributed-Feedback Double-Heterostructure GaAs Injection Laser with Fundamental Grating (1974)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. B. Anderson, R. R. August, and J. E. Coker, "Distributed-Feedback Double-Heterostructure GaAs Injection Laser with Fundamental Grating," Appl. Opt. 13, 2742-2744 (1974) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Protein release from highly charged peptide hydrogel networks (2016)

Hydrogels are useful delivery vehicles for therapeutic proteins. The ability to control the rate of protein release is paramount to a gel's utility and, in part, defines its clinical application. Electrostatic interactions made between encapsulated protein and a gel's network represents one modality in which protein motility can be controlled. For many gels this strategy works well under low ionic strength solution conditions, but dramatically less so in solutions of physiologically relevant ionic strength where electrostatic interactions are more effectively screened. Herein, we find that highly charged self-assembling peptides can be used to prepare fibrillar hydrogels of sufficient electropotential to allow electrostatic-based control over protein release under physiological buffer conditions. Rheology shows that proteins, differing significantly in their isoelectric point, can be directly encapsulated within negatively- or positively-charged peptide hydrogel networks during the peptide self-assembly event leading to gelation. Bulk adsorption studies coupled with transmission electron microscopy shows that electrostatic interactions drive the association of protein to oppositely charged fibrils in the final gel state, which in turn, dictates the diffusion and retention of these macromolecules in the hydrogel network.
Forage tree legumes in tropical agriculture. (1994)

Tree legumes serve a multitude of purposes in agriculture and forestry, including fodder for animal production, fuel-wood and timber production, soil conservation and fertility improvement. Their role and potential is increasingly recognized for both intensive and extensive agroforestry systems, particularly in humid and semi-arid regions of the tropics. This book provides an introduction to fodder tree legumes for advanced students of agriculture and forestry. It describes the main genera and species concerned, including Leucaena, Sesbania, Calliandra, Acacia and Prosopis. Chapters on the production and management of tree legumes are followed by a number looking at animal production, including topics such as nutritive value and anti-nutritive factors. The book includes a number of case studies of the use of tree legumes in Queensland and South East Asia.
Modern structured analysis (1989)

From the Publisher:
Yourdon provides a fresh perspective on structured systems analysis, integrating traditional methodologies with modern technology. He thoroughly discusses data modeling, real-time systems, prototyping, and 4GLs.N
Is intestinal peptide transport energized by a proton gradient? (1985)

Transport of intact peptides, followed by intracellular hydrolysis in the intestinal mucosal cells, plays an important role in the absorption of protein digestion products in the mammalian small intestine. Even though earlier studies on peptide absorption in intact-tissue preparations have indicated that peptides are transported by an active Na+-dependent mechanism, recent studies with purified brush-border membrane vesicles have unequivocally demonstrated that Na+ does not play a direct role in the translocation of peptides across the membrane. Like most amino acids, peptides are also transported as zwitterions. However, peptide transport causes depolarization of the brushborder membrane in intact mucosal cells as well as in purified membrane vesicles, and the depolarization is the result of a net transfer of positive charge across the membrane during peptide transport. This electrogenic nature of peptide transport is observed even in the absence of Na+. Peptide transport is enhanced by an interior-negative membrane potential and inhibited by an interior-positive membrane potential. An inward proton gradient stimulates peptide transport, and this stimulation is reduced when the proton gradient is subjected to rapid dissipation by the presence of a proton ionophore. These observations strongly suggest that peptides are cotransported with protons in the intestine. There is substantial evidence for the existence of an inward proton gradient in the mammalian small intestine, and therefore it is very likely that this proton gradient is the in vivo energy source for the uphill transport of peptides. The Na+-H+ exchanger in the brush-border membrane, in conjunction with Na+-K+-ATPase at the basolateral membrane, is probably responsible for the generation and maintenance of the proton gradient and may thus be involved indirectly in the intestinal absorption of peptides.