gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversal of fentanyl induced spasm of the sphincter of Oddi. (1983)

We believe it is advisable to avoid narcotics, if possible, in patients with known or suspected gallbladder disease. Occasionally, however, this will not be possible, and narcotic induced spasm of the sphincter of Oddi may require treatment. Except for the stated contraindications of glucagon administration, it seems to be based upon this study and other available data that glucagon is just as effective as naloxone in reversing spasm of the sphincter of Oddi and may be associated with fewer undesirable effects, such as reversal of analgesia and adverse hemodynamic changes. Anticholingergic drugs in man have proved to be of minimal or no benefit in this regard.
Calidad percibida del servicio en la cadena de aprovisionamiento en la industria turística (2007)

Documento de Trabajo 19/07 perteneciente a la coleccion de documentos de trabajo Nuevas Tendencias en Direccion de Empresas, dentro del Master en Investigacion en Economia y Empresa.
Studies on the Synthesis and Anti-inflammatory Activity of 2, 6-Di-tert-butylphenols with a Heterocyclic Group at the 4-Position. IV. Photo-Induced and Base-Catalyzed Oxygenation of 4-(3, 5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-4-imidazolines (1984)

Photo-oxygenation of 4-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2-oxo-4-imidazoline (1b) gave 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone (2), N-acetyl-N'-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl) urea (3) and 4-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxo-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)-5-methoxy-5-methyl-2-oxo-imidazoline (4b), and 4b was the main product. Base-catalyzed oxygenation of 1b and related derivatives was carried out. Base-catalyzed oxygenation of 1b also gave 2, N-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl) urea (5) and 4b. The mechanism of the reaction between 1b and oxygen giving compounds 2, 3, 4b and 5 was proposed.
Phagosomal Rupture by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Results in Toxicity and Host Cell Death (2012)

Survival within macrophages is a central feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis. Despite significant advances in identifying new immunological parameters associated with mycobacterial disease, some basic questions on the intracellular fate of the causative agent of human tuberculosis in antigen-presenting cells are still under debate. To get novel insights into this matter, we used a single-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based method to investigate the potential cytosolic access of M. tuberculosis and the resulting cellular consequences in an unbiased, quantitative way. Analysis of thousands of THP-1 macrophages infected with selected wild-type or mutant strains of the M. tuberculosis complex unambiguously showed that M. tuberculosis induced a change in the FRET signal after 3 to 4 days of infection, indicating phagolysosomal rupture and cytosolic access. These effects were not seen for the strains M. tuberculosisΔRD1 or BCG, both lacking the ESX-1 secreted protein ESAT-6, which reportedly shows membrane-lysing properties. Complementation of these strains with the ESX-1 secretion system of M. tuberculosis restored the ability to cause phagolysosomal rupture. In addition, control experiments with the fish pathogen Mycobacterium marinum showed phagolysosomal translocation only for ESX-1 intact strains, further validating our experimental approach. Most importantly, for M. tuberculosis as well as for M. marinum we observed that phagolysosomal rupture was followed by necrotic cell death of the infected macrophages, whereas ESX-1 deletion- or truncation-mutants that remained enclosed within phagolysosomal compartments did not induce such cytotoxicity. Hence, we provide a novel mechanism how ESX-1 competent, virulent M. tuberculosis and M. marinum strains induce host cell death and thereby escape innate host defenses and favor their spread to new cells. In this respect, our results also open new research directions in relation with the extracellular localization of M. tuberculosis inside necrotic lesions that can now be tackled from a completely new perspective.
Industrial Research and Development at Project Level in the Modern Corporation (1979)

The existence of technological change has created numerous theoretical and empirical problems for economists. It directly challenges a basic assumption of neoclassical microeconomics that the state of technology is given; invention alters the production function of firms and/or the types of products produced, and the process by which such development occurs is as yet little understood. Firstly, the generation of radical innovation may involve complex and highly technical issues which are difficult to communicate from scientists and technologists to economists. Secondly, even if the problems of communication between disciplines could be solved, there is little evidence that professional R & D workers could articulate meaningful and useful models of R & D activity, as we hope to demonstrate later in this chapter.KeywordsApplied ResearchFinal OutputInnovative ActivityInnovation DevelopmentProject LevelThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Robust constrained predictive controllers for hot rolling mills: Disturbance uncertainty case (2008)

Looper—tension control among various control problems in hot rolling mills (HRMs) has significance, in particular, because it affects both operational stability of the process and dimensional quality of the products. The control target in this control loop is to maintain looper angle and strip tension simultaneously at their desired values. The most difficult challenge in the controller design arises from the interaction, between strip tension and looper angle, and uncertainty coming from disturbances and a model mismatch. Recently, there has been some research to investigate the potential benefits of model predictive control (MPC) for this control loop. However, most of them used constrained optimization based on nominal models, and this often caused constraint violations for the uncertain case. The purpose of this paper is to develop robust MPC algorithms for the hot rolling mill process, in the presence of disturbance uncertainty, in order to improve the constraint handling performance.
An active‐matrix organic light‐emitting‐diode pixel circuit for the compensation of <i>I × R</i> voltage drop in power line (2007)

Abstract— A new voltage‐driving active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) pixel circuit is proposed to improve the display image‐quality of AMOLED displays. Because OLEDs are current‐driven devices, the I × R voltage drop in the power lines is evitable. Accordingly, the I × R voltage‐drop compensation scheme should be included in the pixel‐driving method when a voltage‐compensation method is used. The proposed pixel was designed for the compensation of an I × R voltage drop in the power lines as well as for the compensation of the threshold‐voltage non‐uniformity of low‐temperature polycrystalline‐silicon thin‐film transistors (LTPS TFTs). In order to verify the compensation ability of the proposed pixel, SPICE simulation was performed and compared with those of other conventional pixels. When the Vss voltage varies from 0 to 1 V, the drain current of the proposed pixel decreased by under 1% while that of conventional Vth compensation methods without Vss compensation decreased by over 60%. 2.2‐in. QCIF + full‐color AMOLED displays, which employ the proposed pixel, have been also developed. It was verified by comparison of the display image quality with a conventional panel that our proposed panel successfully overcame the voltage‐drop problems in the power lines.
Following distances, braking capacity, and the probability of danger of collision between vehicles (1964)

Accidents sometimes occur, particularly on high speed roads, because the driver of a following vehicle cannot stop in an emergency without overtaking the rear of the vehicle ahead. Accidents of this kind are called close following accidents. Accident data are examined to try to form an estimate of the frequency of such accidents on motorways. The vehicle ahead may stop very suddenly if involved in a collision, but such extremely sudden stops are not the only danger. Because braking capacity varies from vehicle to vehicle there may be danger even if the vehicle ahead is braked hard. The chance that the following vehicle cannot stop in time if the vehicle ahead is braked as hard as possible may be estimated from the distribution of braking capacities among vehicles. The variation of this probability with following distance, speed, and reaction time is evaluated and the effect which larger following distances would have on capacity is considered (A).
NOISE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OPERATION OF US ARMY AIRCRAFT (1963)

This report describes and illustrates basic, as well as unique, characteristics of noise associated with the operation of Army aircraft. It summarizes the important facts relative to hazardous noise, its effects on man, the characteristics of noise generators, noise reduction concepts, and future noise problems. The purpose is to alert aviation medical officers, flight surgeons, and physicians in the Army to this problem, and provide guidance in those circumstances where a problem of potentially hazardous noise exists.
Stereochemistry of Decarboxylation of Arylmalonate Catalyzed by Mutant Enzymes (2007)

Abstract The enantiotopos differentiating selectivity of the mutant arylmalonate decarboxylase (S36N/G74C/C188S), which catalyzes asymmetric decarboxylation of arylmethylmalonates to give the corresponding arylpropionates, was revealed to be the same as that of the wild type enzyme, in spite of the fact that two enzymes gave the opposite enantiomer with each other.
Resonance Damping of DFIG System Based on Multi-branch Virtual Impedance (2019)

This paper proposes a method to effectively suppress the resonance by reshaping the output impedance of doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG). Firstly, the impedance model of a typical DFIG system is established, and the mechanism of parallel resonance in DFIG system and its influencing factors are studied. Then, with the goal of effectively suppressing high-frequency resonance, this paper seeks the optimum values of the virtual resistances added to the stator branch and the grid-side converter(GSC) branch, uses the notch filter to implement the impedance reshaping of only harmonics, and optimizes the GSC and rotor-side converter(RSC) control strategies. Finally, using PSCAD, the effectiveness of this resonance suppression strategy is verified.
Toehold‐initiated Rolling Circle Amplification for Visualizing Individual MicroRNAs In Situ in Single Cells (2014)

The ability to quantitate and visualize microRNAs (miRNAs) in situ in single cells would greatly facilitate the elucidation of miRNA-mediated regulatory circuits and their disease associations. A toehold-initiated strand-displacement process was used to initiate rolling circle amplification of specific miRNAs, an approach that achieves both stringent recognition and in situ amplification of the target miRNA. This assay, termed toehold-initiated rolling circle amplification (TIRCA), can be utilized to identify miRNAs at physiological temperature with high specificity and to visualize individual miRNAs in situ in single cells within 3 h. TIRCA is a competitive candidate technique for in situ miRNA imaging and may help us to understand the role of miRNAs in cellular processes and human diseases in more detail.
Isolation of functionally distinct endosome subpopulations by free-flow electrophoresis. (1988)

We have described a novel analytical procedure for the one-step purification of endosome subpopulations based on their differing electrophoretic mobilities when subjected to free flow electrophoresis. This procedure offers several advantages over existing schemes for endosome purification. Highly enriched endosomes are recovered in high yield and remain intact, facilitating biochemical and functional analysis of endosome subpopulations. It is rapid, requiring less than 2 hours to complete, and highly reproducible, thus facilitating detailed kinetic analysis of ligand transport through endosomal subpopulations. This technique can be easily scaled up to any degree enabling preparation of large quantities of early and late endosomes for further biochemical analysis and for antibody production. Our results have demonstrated the existence of at least two functionally and biochemically distinct, but kinetically related, subpopulations of endosomes.
Effect of niobium content on the microstructure and thermal properties of fluorapatite glass‐ceramics (2005)

Niobium oxide has been shown to improve biocompatibility and promote bioactivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of niobium oxide additions on the microstructure and thermal properties of fluorapatite glass-ceramics for biomedical applications. Four glass-ceramic compositions with increasing amounts of niobium oxide from 0 to 5 wt % were prepared. The glass compositions were melted at 1,525 degrees C for 3 h, quenched, ground, melted again at 1,525 degrees C for 3 h and furnace cooled. The coefficient of thermal expansion was measured by dilatometry. The crystallization behavior was evaluated by differential thermal analysis. The nature of the crystalline phases was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The microstructure was studied by SEM. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the ceramics was evaluated according to the ASTM standard F895--84. The results from X-ray diffraction analyses showed that fluorapatite was the major crystalline phase in all glass-ceramics. Differential thermal analyses revealed that fluorapatite crystallization occurred between 800 and 934 degrees C depending on the composition. The coefficient of thermal expansion varied from 7.6 to 9.4 x 10(-6)/ degrees C. The microstructure after heat treatment at 975 degrees C for 30 min consisted of submicroscopic fluorapatite crystals (200--300 nm) for all niobium-containing glass-ceramics, whereas the niobium-free glass-ceramic contained needle-shaped fluorapatite crystals, 2 microm in length. None of the glass-ceramics tested exhibited any cytotoxic activity as tested by ASTM standard F895--84.
Full-Scale Performance Evaluations of Various Wire-Backed Nonwoven Silt Fence Installation Configurations (2018)

Silt fences have long been a key component for controlling construction stormwater runoff; nonetheless, many silt fence installations fail to perform in the field as intended. Silt fences are temporary sediment control measures used to retain sediment by impounding runoff and allowing for sedimentation on-site, while simultaneously discharging stormwater runoff at a controlled rate. This study evaluated the performance of eight alternative configurations of the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT) standard wire-backed, nonwoven silt fence. Standard installation parameters associated with the ALDOT silt fence include (1) 32-in. (81.3-cm) high fence, (2) 0.95 lb/ft (1.4 kg/m) support T-post, and (3) 10 ft (3.0 m) T-post spacing. Throughout the series of configurations tested, these standard parameters were varied individually and jointly in efforts to improve overall performance. Variations to the standard parameters include (1) 24-in. (61.0-cm) high fence, (2) 1.25 lb/ft (1.9 kg/m) support T-post, (3) 5 ft (1.5 m) T-post spacing, and (4) trench offsetting. Performance analyses were conducted on each configuration and results were evaluated to determine the best overall configuration to enhance the in-field performance of the ALDOT silt fence. Ultimately, the offset 24 in. (61.0 cm) fence with 1.25 lb/ft (1.9 kg/m) T-post spaced 5 ft (1.5 m) on-center resulted in the best overall improvement, retaining an average of 93% of sediment and deflection of only 0.18 ft (0.004 m) over the course of three simulated storm events.
Scan comparison of several techniques for generating circular polarization in probe-fed microstrip patch arrays (2002)

The authors discuss methods for generating circular polarization. A comparison of the predicted scan performance of the techniques for generating circular polarization in probe-fed microstrip patch phased arrays using a rigorous full-wave analysis is presented. The scan and bandwidth performance for each configuration for various substrate parameters is investigated. It is shown that reasonably good scan axial ratios can be achieved using the single feed configuration. Also a novel technique is introduced which can reduce the axial ratio at broadside for the single and dual feed configuration arrays mounted on relatively thick substrates.
Imaging surface plasmon resonance sensor based on multiple wavelengths: Sensitivity considerations (2000)

A new, multiple wavelength surface plasmon resonance apparatus for imaging applications is presented. It can be used for biosensing, e.g., for monitoring of chemical and biological reactions in real time with label-free molecules. A setup with a fixed incident angle in the Kretschmann configuration with gold as the supporting metal is described, both theoretically and experimentally. Simulations of the sensor response based on independently recorded optical (ellipsometric) data of gold show that the sensitivity for three-dimensional recognition layers (bulk) increases with increasing wavelength. For two-dimensional recognition layers (adlayer) maximum sensitivity is obtained within a limited wavelength range. In this situation, the rejection of bulk disturbances, e.g., emanating from temperature variations, decreases, with increasing wavelength. For imaging surface plasmon resonance the spatial resolution decreases with increasing wavelength. Hence, there is always a compromise between spatial resolution, bulk disturbance rejection, and sensitivity. Most importantly, by simultaneously using multiple wavelengths, it is possible to maintain a high sensitivity and accuracy over a large dynamic range. Furthermore, our simulations show that the sensitivity is independent of the refractive index of the prism.
Indoor Air Purification Using Activated Carbon Adsorbers: Regeneration Using Catalytic Combustion of Intermediately Stored VOC (2014)

In this study, we demonstrate a two-step process where activated carbon based air purifier systems can be regenerated in situ and eliminate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor air in an energy efficient way. A carbon based adsorber was combined in series with a CeO2/TiO2 oxidative catalyst for total oxidation of the previously adsorbed and periodically released volatile organic compounds during regeneration runs. We investigated the adsorption and desorption behavior of five different VOCs (diethyl ether, limonene, linalool, hexanoic acid, triethylamine and n-decane) with thermogravimetric measurements, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Cyclic loading and regeneration experiments were carried out with selected VOCs (limonene, linalool and n-decane) for testing regeneration at elevated temperature. We showed that in situ thermal regeneration and subsequent oxidation of released VOC is a sustainable and easy applicable technology for indoor air purification. This two-step approach allows energy saving as the VOCs are eliminated discontinuously (enriching VOCs; periodic catalytic combustion), and is of high environmental and economic interest, as much less maintenance services are required.
Entry complications in laparoscopic surgery (2009)

To review the complications associated with laparoscopic surgery and provide clinical direction regarding the best practice based on the best available evidence. The laparoscopic entry techniques and technologies reviewed include the classic pneumoperitoneum (Veress/trocar), the open (Hasson), the direct trocar insertion, the use of disposable shielded trocars, radially expanding trocars and visual entry systems. Medline, Pubmed and Cochrane Databases were searched for English language articles published before December 2008. It is an evidence based fact that minimal access surgery is superior to conventional open surgery since this is beneficial to the women, community and the healthcare system.Over the past 50 years, many techniques, technologies and guidelines have been introduced to eliminate the risks associated with laparoscopic entry. No single technique or instrument has been proved to eliminate laparoscopic entry associated injury. Proper evaluation of the women, supported by surgical skills and good knowledge of the technology and instrumentation is the keystone to safe access and prevention of complications during laparoscopic surgery.
暑假，“淘”张最HOT的碟 (2009)

欧美 Keri Hilson 《In A Perfect World》 专辑介绍：Keri Hilson邀请R＆B界著名的“点石成金”音乐人Ne—Yo与嘻哈界天王坎耶·维斯特与她一起演绎这首关于“爱如何征服你”的歌。三个人的合作可谓新鲜感十足，而且又不失默契，这首歌成为了Keri Hilson的大热歌曲。
Children's rights in European education. Dilemmas, challenges and implementation regarding Roma children in selected European countries – An introduction (2022)

Abstract The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) recently had its 30th anniversary. Emerging from the United Nations General Assembly in 1989, it has since become the most ratified international human rights treaty ever. Most European countries ratified it and are thus obliged to ensure the implementation of children's rights in practice. Operationalizing the UNCRC raises practical, conceptual and ethical issues. For example, questions arise concerning children and young people's competence to make autonomous decisions in different social domains, especially in education. There are also debates about children's involvement in dispute resolution and the extent to which rights must always be associated with redress in order to make them meaningful. Clearly, the relationship between the rights of children and young people on the one hand and those of parents and teachers on the other are particularly salient. In addition, challenges may arise in relation to children from the Roma-minority in educational institutions. Article 28 (1) of the UNCRC stresses that “States Parties recognize the right of the child to education, and with a view to achieving this right progressively and on the basis of equal opportunity”. Nonetheless, Roma students frequently experience multiple forms of discrimination in educational institutions which amplify their existing disadvantage. Across Europe, there have been different rates of progress in terms of incorporating aspects of the UNCRC into domestic law and put them into practice in schools and other education institutions, and in many cases Roma children have yet to experience the benefits of enhanced children's rights.
Moieties in an RNA promoter specifically recognized by a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (1998)

RNAs 33 nucleotides in length can direct accurate initiation of subgenomic RNA synthesis by the brome mosaic virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), provided that the native sequences are maintained at five positions: -17, -14, -13, -11, and the +1 initiation site. The functional groups in the bases of these essential nucleotides required to interact with RdRp were examined by using chemically synthesized RNAs containing base analogs at each of the five positions. Analysis using a template competition assay revealed that the mode of recognition for the initiation nucleotide (+1) is distinct from that of the other essential nucleotides in the promoter. Competition experiments also determined that three template nucleotides are sufficient for stable interaction with RdRp. These results identify base moieties in the brome mosaic virus subgenomic promoter required for efficient RNA synthesis and support the hypothesis that the recognition of a RNA promoter by a viral RdRp is analogous to the recognition of DNA promoters by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases.