gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GM-1 Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (1990)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease using monosialoganglioside GM-1, a neurotrophic factor. Of 46 patients enrolled, 42 completed all study requirements. Nineteen patients received 100 mg of GM-1 by daily intramuscular injection for 12 weeks. Twenty-three patients received placebo. Case evaluations were done at baseline, week 12, and week 24 and included both cognitive and psychosocial scales. Study results suggested that the treatment was safe, yet offered no overall symptomatic benefit to patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. Whether or not GM-1 therapy may offer protective benefit by slowing or arresting the progression of the disease remains unclear, since the results of the cognitive evaluations suggested that neither the GM-1 group nor the placebo group declined significantly during the 24-week study.
The Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Livin (ML-IAP) Plays a Dual Role in Tumorigenicity (2009)

The inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family can inhibit apoptosis induced by a variety of stimuli. We and others previously described the IAP Livin (ML-IAP). We found that Livin is unique among the IAP members as, on a strong apoptotic stimulus, it is specifically cleaved by caspases to produce a truncated protein with paradoxical proapoptotic activity (tLivin). We also showed that Livin encodes two splicing variants, termed Livin alpha and beta, with diverse antiapoptotic effects in vitro. In this study, we compared the Livin isoforms in vivo. An animal model was established and the effects of Livin alpha and beta on the initiation and development of tumors were compared. In the animal model, Livin alpha promotes tumor initiation in comparison with control. Interestingly, the growth of tumors originating from cells expressing Livin beta was inhibited. In these tumors, Livin beta was cleaved and produced a high level of the proapoptotic tLivin beta that repressed tumor development. When we eliminated the proapoptotic effect of Livin beta by point mutations, the resulting antiapoptotic Livin beta mutants contributed to tumor progression. In terms of mechanism, we show that Livin beta tumors develop only in mice lacking natural killer (NK) cell activity. Thus, from the animal model, we can conclude that Livin plays a major role in tumorigenicity and that NK cells induce cleavage of Livin to its proapoptotic truncated protein that in turn inhibits tumor growth. Therefore, Livin and tLivin may serve as potential targets for cancer therapy.
Glycosylated Serum Protein Levels Assayed With Highly Sensitive Immunoradiometric Assay Accurately Reflect Glycemic Control of Diabetic Patients (1992)

We describe a reproducible and sensitive immunoradiometric assay for GSP that closely reflects the degree of glycemic control in diabetic patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether this assay may be useful in screening for glucose intolerance or gestational diabetes.
Sites for Gα Binding on the G Protein β Subunit Overlap with Sites for Regulation of Phospholipase Cβ and Adenylyl Cyclase (1998)

Heterotrimeric G proteins, composed of alpha and betagamma subunits, forward signals from transmembrane receptors to intracellular effector enzymes and ion channels. Free betagamma activates downstream targets, but its action is terminated by association with GDP-liganded alpha subunits. Because alpha can inhibit activation of many effectors by betagamma, it is likely that the alpha subunit binding surfaces on betagamma overlap the surfaces necessary for effector activation. To test this hypothesis, we mutated residues on beta shown to contact alpha in the recently published crystal structures of the alphabetagamma heterotrimer (Wall, M. A., Coleman, D. E., Lee, E., Iniguez-Lluhi, J. A., Posner, B. A., Gilman, A. G., and Sprang, S. R. (1995) Cell 83, 1047-1058; Lambright, D. G., Sondek, J., Bohm, A., Skiba, N. P., Hamm, H. E., and Sigler, P. B. (1996) Nature 379, 311-319.). The alpha subunit binds to the flat, top surface of the toroidal beta subunit and also extends a helix along the side of the beta subunit at blade 1. We mutated four residues on the top surface of beta (Hbeta1[L117A], Hbeta1[D228R], Hbeta1[D246S], and Hbeta1[W332A]) and two residues on the side of beta that contacts alpha (Hbeta1[N88A/K89A]). Each of the mutant proteins was able to form beta gamma dimers, but they differed in their ability to bind alpha and to activate phospholipase C beta2 (PLCbeta2), PLCbeta3, and adenylyl cyclase II. Mutation of residues along the side of the torus at blade 1 diminish affinity for alpha but do not prevent activation of any of the effectors. Mutations on the alpha binding surface differentially affected PLCbeta2, PLCbeta3, and adenylyl cyclase II. Residues that affect PLCbeta and adenylyl cyclase II activity are found on opposite sides of the central tunnel, suggesting that PLC and adenylyl cyclase, like the alpha subunit, make many contacts on the top surface. None of the mutations affected the ability of betagamma to inhibit adenylyl cyclase I. We conclude that alpha, PLCbeta2, PLCbeta3, and adenylyl cyclase II share an interaction on the top surface of beta. The importance of individual residues is different for alpha binding and for effector activation and differs even between closely related isoforms of the same effector.
Calcitonin receptor‐like receptor (CLR), receptor activity‐modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity in the rat trigeminovascular system: Differences between peripheral and central CGRP receptor distribution (2008)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a key mediator in primary headaches including migraine. Animal models of meningeal nociception demonstrate both peripheral and central CGRP effects; however, the target structures remain unclear. To study the distribution of CGRP receptors in the rat trigeminovascular system we used antibodies recognizing two components of the CGRP receptor, the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and the receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1). In the cranial dura mater, CLR and RAMP1 immunoreactivity (-ir) was found within arterial blood vessels, mononuclear cells, and Schwann cells, but not sensory axons. In the trigeminal ganglion, besides Schwann and satellite cells, CLR- and RAMP1-ir was found in subpopulations of CGRP-ir neurons where colocalization of CGRP- and RAMP1-ir was very rare ( approximately 0.6%). CLR- and RAMP1-ir was present on central, but not peripheral, axons. In the spinal trigeminal nucleus, CLR- and RAMP1-ir was localized to "glomerular structures," partly colocalized with CGRP-ir. However, CLR- and RAMP1-ir was lacking in central glia and neuronal cell bodies. We conclude that CGRP receptors are associated with structural targets of known CGRP effects (vasodilation, mast cell degranulation) and targets of unknown function (Schwann cells). In the spinal trigeminal nucleus, CGRP receptors are probably located on neuronal processes, including primary afferent endings, suggesting involvement in presynaptic regulation of nociceptive transmission. Thus, in the trigeminovascular system CGRP receptor localization suggests multiple targets for CGRP in the pathogenesis of primary headaches.
Use of the Grand Canonical Ensemble in Potential of Mean Force Calculations (1996)

Understanding and predicting the thermodynamics of association reactions at the microscopic level requires that it be possible to sample representative configurations of the reactants and solvent as a function of the reaction pathways. Because of geometric effects, certain methodological improvements in molecular simulation techniques are necessary before the reaction thermodynamics of complicated systems such as biopolymers with interlocking shapes can be investigated. Here, we propose the use of the grand canonical ensemble in molecular simulations when the traditional canonical ensemble based methods cannot appropriately account for the confined space effects. The success of the grand canonical ensemble molecular simulations in studying the association reaction profile is shown by testing it on simpler systems. Implications for future work and various possible application areas of the grand canonical ensemble simulations are discussed.
The capabilities of the NASA charging analyzer program (1979)

Desirable features in a spacecraft modeling code are enumerated. The NASCAP is discussed in terms of its approach to the problem. Samples of problem setup and output are provided which demonstrate the ease with which the program can be used. A simple but interesting case of spacecraft charging is examined, and other applications are discussed.
Theoretical description and numerical simulations of a simplified Hadamard transform imaging spectrometer (2002)

A familiar concept in imaging spectrometry is that of the three dimensional data cube, with one spectral and two spatial dimensions. However, available detectors have at most two dimensions, which generally leads to the introduction of either scanning or multiplexing techniques for imaging spectrometers. For situations in which noise increases less rapidly than as the square root of the signal, multiplexing techniques have the potential to provide superior signal-to-noise ratios. This paper presents a theoretical description and numerical simulations for a new and simple type of Hadamard transform multiplexed imaging spectrometer. Compared to previous types of spatially encoded imaging spectrometers, it increases etendue by eliminating the need for anamorphically compressed re-imaging onto the entrance aperture of a monochromator or spectrophotometer. Compared to previous types of spectrally encoded imaging spectrometers, it increases end-to-end transmittance by eliminating the need for spectral re-combining optics. These simplifications are attained by treating the pixels of a digital mirror array as virtual entrance slits and the pixels of a 2-D array detector as virtual exit slits of an imaging spectrometer, and by applying a novel signal processing technique.
Nutritional Value of Diets Containing Distiller's Dried Grain with Solubles for Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (2004)

Abstract A feeding trial using corn distiller's dried grain with solubles (DDGS) was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of DDGS and effects of lysine and methionine supplementation in DDGS-based diets on the performance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The DDGS-based diets were made such that DDGS was used at 7.5% (diet 2), 15% (diet 3), and 22.5% (diet 4) inclusion levels without supplementing crystalline L-lysine-HCl and DL-methionine, and was used at 7.5% (diet 5), 15% (diet 6), and 22.5% (diet 7) with lysine and methionine supplementation in a 2 × 3 factorial design. A fish meal-based diet (diet 1) was used as a control. The control and lysine and methionine supplemented diets contained 2.2% lysine and 1.1% methionine. A total of 630 fish (initial body weight 49.8 g) were randomly stocked into twenty-one, 150-L tanks with 30 fish/tank and 3 tanks/diet. Fish were fed to apparent satiation 3 times/day and 6 days/week. After a 6-week growth period, weight gain (WG) offish fed diets 1 to 7 was: 48.9, 43.9, 46.5, 42.9, 51.3, 54.3, and 46.4 g, respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) offish fed diets 1 to 7 was: 1.21, 1.35, 1.25, 1.34, 1.20, 1.11, and 1.29 g diet/g gain, respectively. Survival was 100% for fish fed all diets. Two-way ANOVA showed that lysine and methionine supplementation improved WG (P = 0.0002) and FCR (P = 0.0011). Fish fed diets containing 15% DDGS, or replacing 50% offish meal on isonitrogenous and isocaloric basis, were not significantly different from fish fed the fish meal-based diet in terms of WG, FCR, and survival (P > 0.05), indicating that DDGS could be used at the 15% inclusion level, or replace up to 50% offish meal. Furthermore, DDGS could be used at the 22.5% inclusion level, or replace up to 75% of fish meal in rainbow trout diets with lysine and methionine supplementation.
La problemática sobre criterios de selección y carta de despido: Comentario a la STS 216/2016, de 15 de marzo, sobre el “Caso Bankia” (2017)

espanolEl objeto de este trabajo radica en determinar cual es el contenido que debe revestir la comunicacion individual de despido, en concreto, si tal misiva escrita debe contener los criterios de seleccion que explican o detallan la concreta afectacion del trabajador despedido. EnglishThe purpose of this piece of work is to determine the content of the individual communication of dismissal, in particular, this written letter must contain the criteria of selection that explain or detail the specific affectation of the dismissed worker.
Structure of free fumarase C from<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2005)

Previous crystal structures of fumarase C from Escherichia coli have noted two occupied dicarboxylate-binding sites termed the active site and the B site. Here, the first known fumarase C structure is reported in which both sites are unoccupied by bound ligand. This so-called ;free' crystal form shows conservation of the active-site water in a similar orientation to that reported in other fumarase C crystal structures. More importantly, a shift of His129 has been observed at the B site. This new crystallographic information suggests the use of water as a permanent member of the active site and the use of an imidazole-imidazolium conversion to control access at the allosteric B site.
On the duality of distributed database and distributed AI systems (1993)

Article Free Access Share on On the duality of distributed database and distributed AI systems Author: Mike P. Papazoglou School of Information Systems, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Australia School of Information Systems, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, AustraliaView Profile Authors Info & Claims CIKM '93: Proceedings of the second international conference on Information and knowledge managementDecember 1993 Pages 1–10https://doi.org/10.1145/170088.170094Online:01 December 1993Publication History 3citation465DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads465Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Vector Field Path Following for Miniature Air Vehicles (2007)

In this paper, a method for accurate path following for miniature air vehicles is developed. The method is based on the notion of vector fields, which are used to generate desired course inputs to inner-loop attitude control laws. Vector-field path-following control laws are developed for straight-line paths and circular arcs and orbits. Lyapunov stability arguments are used to demonstrate asymptotic decay of path-following errors in the presence of constant wind disturbances. Experimental flight tests have demonstrated mean path-following errors on less than one wingspan for straight-line and orbit paths and less than three wingspans for paths with frequent changes in direction.
Formation and observation of 50 nm polarized domains in PbZr1−<i>x</i>Ti<i>x</i>O3 thin film using scanning probe microscope (1996)

Nanometer size polarized domains were written in a PbZr1−xTixO3 (PZT) thin film using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and the relationship between the polarized domain and the grain of the film was investigated. The polarized domain was formed by applying a pulse voltage to the ferroelectric PZT thin film through a conductive AFM tip. The polarized domain structure was observed by imaging the piezoelectric-induced surface vibration by an AFM with an ac voltage applied between the tip and the bottom electrode of a sample. The polarized domains with a diameter of 50 nm were written within a single grain.
Comparison of single‐layer and multi‐layer rotating drum biofilters for VOC removal (2003)

Abstract Two types of rotating drum biofilters were tested to investigate the effect of medium configuration on biofilter performance for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from waste gas streams. One was a single‐layer biofilter that consisted of a thick layer of open‐pore reticulated polyurethane foam media. The other was a multi‐layer biofilter that used a set of four concentric thinner layers of the media. The effect of the two different media configurations was examined using diethyl ether as a model VOC at various organic loading rates. The results showed that the multi‐layer biofilter could maintain more stable and higher ether removal efficiencies at gas empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 30 s than the single‐layer biofilter at gas EBCT of 90 s, and at organic loading rates ranging from 2.0 to 8.0 kg COD m −3 day −1 (32.1 to 128.4 g ether m −3 h −1 ), all based on the medium volume. The multi‐layer biofilter also exhibited a more even biomass distribution on the concentric surface at a medium depth than the single‐layer biofilter, which suggests a reduced possibility of short‐circuiting of gas streams and, consequently, better performance.
Fixation of Molecular Nitrogen Under Mild Conditions (1971)

Efforts have been directed toward the nonenzymic chemical modification of molecular nitrogen (N2), reactions being based on titanium(II) as the N2-coordinating species effective in permitting room temperature and atmospheric pressure phenomena. Accomplishments include: direct NH3 formation by abstraction of hydrogen from solvent, the development of a cyclic system (over-all catalytic, based on titanium) for NH3 production, NH3 formation by direct reaction of N2 from the air, the catalytic electrochemical synthesis of NH3, the first case of the preparation and subsequent reductive conversion to NH3 of a transition metal compound with an N2 ligand (C20H20Ti2 · 2N2), elucidation of the titanium(II) (titanium dialkoxide and "titanocene") based N2 fixation mechanism, controlled reduction of N2 to hydrazine, and the utilization of N2 in the synthesis of organic amines and nitriles.
Cyclosporine A inhibition of prolactin-dependent up-regulation of BRCA1 protein expression in human breast cell lines. (2000)

We showed that Prolactin in presence of Cyclosporine A has no effect on BRCA1 protein expression in human breast cell lines. This emphasized the hypothesis that BRCA1 may be stimulated by Prolactin.
Growth and development of Citrus pistils and fruit explants in vitro (1981)

Pistils and various fruit explants of Citrus limon L. Burm. f. and Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck were cultivated in vitro . Basal medium as well as medium supplemented with IAA, GA 3 or benzylaminopurine, supported growth of all explants for more than one year. Pistils did not enlarge considerably, but gave rise to active callus growth; callus proliferation and viability was enhanced by all hormones. Culture of fruit slice explants resulted, in addition to peel hypertrophy and callus proliferation, in a marked growth of two distinct types of juice vesicles. The growth of juice vesicle explants was promoted by all three growth hormones. – It is suggested that the successfully prolonged in vitro culture of various fruit explants, and especially of juice vesicles, may aid in studies of fruit development and physiology.
Molecular Genetics of HBV Infection (2010)

HBV has evolved a unique life cycle that results in the production of enormous viral loads during active replication without actually killing the infected cells directly. Two of the key events in the viral life cycle of HBV involve firstly the generation of a covalently closed circular (ccc)DNA transcriptional template, either from input genomic DNA or newly replicated capsid-associated DNA, and secondly, reverse transcription of the viral pregenomic (pg)RNA to form progeny HBV DNA genomes. New data are emerging regarding the epigenetic control of cccDNA, which might represent another key factor involved in the pathogenesis and natural history of the disease. Because HBV uses reverse transcription to copy its genome, mutant viral genomes emerge frequently. Particular selection pressures, both endogenous (host immune clearance) and exogenous (vaccines and antiviral drugs), readily select out these escape mutants. The particular viral mutations or combination of mutations that directly affect the clinical outcome of infection are not known; however, four major 'pathways' of antiviral drug resistance-associated substitutions have now been identified. Further studies are clearly needed to identify the pathogenetic basis and clinical sequelae arising from the selection of these particular mutants. In the clinical context of antiviral drug resistance, treating physicians need to adopt therapeutic strategies that effectively control viral replication. Finally, the role of host genetics in influencing the outcome of HBV disease in the context of natural history and therapy is beginning to aid understanding in pathogenesis and, when this knowledge is linked to pathogen-specific databases, this should translate into more individualized patient care.
Light‐Driven Hydrogen Generation: Efficient Iron‐Based Water Reduction Catalysts (2009)

Let your light shine: A novel state-of-the-art system for light-driven proton reduction with iron catalysts was developed (see scheme; SR=sacrificial reagent). It consists of simple iron carbonyl complexes such as [Fe3(CO)12], triethylamine as sacrificial reagent (electron donor), and [Ir(bpy)(ppy)2]PF6 as photosensitizer (PS). High turnover numbers of more than 3000 for the sensitizer and 400 for the iron catalyst are obtained. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Diffuse optical tomography system to image brain activation with improved spatial resolution and validation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (2006)

Although most current diffuse optical brain imaging systems use only nearest- neighbor measurement geometry, the spatial resolution and quantitative accuracy of the imaging can be improved through the collection of overlapping sets of measurements. A continuous-wave diffuse optical imaging system that combines frequency encoding with time-division multiplexing to facilitate overlapping measurements of brain activation is described. Phantom measurements to confirm the expected improvement in spatial resolution and quantitative accuracy are presented. Experimental results showing the application of this instrument for imaging human brain activation are also presented. The observed improvement in spatial resolution is confirmed by functional magnetic resonance imaging.