gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of the polyamine-biosynthetic enzymes in mouse epidermis and their specificity for tumor promotion. (1975)

The induction of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase in mouse epidermis by various classes of tumor-promoting and nonpromoting compounds has been studied in order to determine the specificity of this response for tumor promotion. The effect of topical applications of a series of phorbol esters on these enzyme activities correlated well with their promoting abilities. Iodoacetic acid, anthralin, and Tween 60, all promoting compounds, also stimulated both of these enzyme activities after single and multiple applications. The hyperplastic agents acetic acid, cantharidin, and ethyl phenylpropriolate, however, had little effect on ornithine decarboxylase activity but a pronounced effect on epidermal S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity. The specificity of the ornithine decarboxylase response for tumor promotion was suggested by the results of the above experiments as well as the stimulatory effect of a completely carcinogenic dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene; a lower initiating dose had no effect. In addition, epidermal tumors produced by a two-stage procedure showed consistently high levels of ornithine decarboxylase activity but variable levels of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity.
A New 2-Inch Data Disk System With a High Transfer Rate (1987)

Since the advent of IBM's first 8-inchflexible disk system in 1971, disks and drives have become increasingly smaller via the 5-inch to the 3.5-inch. This miniaturization has meant that various recording characteristics, such as data transfer rate, have become outmoded.
Correction for nonlinearity and polarization-dependent sensitivity in the detection system of rotating analyzer ellipsometers (1989)

Systematic errors due to nonlinearity and polarization-dependent sensitivity in the detection system of rotating analyzer ellipsometers are described. Post Fourier analysis procedures for detection and correction of these effects are presented.
Strand-Accurate Multi-View Hair Capture (2019)

Hair is one of the most challenging objects to reconstruct due to its micro-scale structure and a large number of repeated strands with heavy occlusions. In this paper, we present the first method to capture high-fidelity hair geometry with strand-level accuracy. Our method takes three stages to achieve this. In the first stage, a new multi-view stereo method with a slanted support line is proposed to solve the hair correspondences between different views. In detail, we contribute a novel cost function consisting of both photo-consistency term and geometric term that reconstructs each hair pixel as a 3D line. By merging all the depth maps, a point cloud, as well as local line directions for each point, is obtained. Thus, in the second stage, we feature a novel strand reconstruction method with the mean-shift to convert the noisy point data to a set of strands. Lastly, we grow the hair strands with multi-view geometric constraints to elongate the short strands and recover the missing strands, thus significantly increasing the reconstruction completeness. We evaluate our method on both synthetic data and real captured data, showing that our method can reconstruct hair strands with sub-millimeter accuracy.
Synthesis of the Terpolymers of Propylene Oxide, Cyclohexene Oxide, and Carbon dioxide (2011)

온실가스 가운데 하나인 이산화탄소를 활용하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 프로필렌옥사이드와 사이클로헥신옥사이드, 그리고 이산화탄소를 원료로 하고 zinc glutarate를 촉매로 하여 여러가지 조성의 삼원공중합체가 합성되었다. 이고분자는 FT-IR, <TEX>$^1H$</TEX>-NMR, DSC을 이용하여 분석되었고, 이들의 유리전이온도는 poly(alkylene carbonate)의 두성분의 질량비와 일정한 관계를 가지며 Fox식과 비교적 일치함을 확인하였다. In order to use carbon dioxide, one of the green house gases, terpolymers have been synthesized from propylene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, and carbon dioxide with zinc glutarate as catalyst. The polymers have been investigated with FT-IR, <TEX>$^1H$</TEX>-NMR, DSC. The glass transition temperatures of terpolymers are dependendent upon mass ratio of the poly(alkylene carbonate by Fox equation.
Changes in the cholesterol and phospholipid content of mouse spleen after Rauscher Leukemia Virus infection (1976)

The effect of Rauscher Leukemia Virus (MuLV-R) infection on the lipid composition of mouse spleen from BALB/c mice was investigated. Drastic changes in the lipid composition of the spleen as a result of tumor growth induced by the virus could be demonstrated at 21 days after infection. The molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids was found to be low, while a shift within the choline containing phospholipid classes resulted into a lower sphingomyelin and a higher phosphatidyl choline content of the MuLV-R infected spleen. The cholesterol ester content increased more than two-fold during tumor growth, and shifts in the fatty acid patterns of the lipids were demonstrated.
Glycosaminoglycan contributions to both protein C activation and thrombin inhibition involve a common arginine-rich site in thrombin that includes residues arginine 93, 97, and 101. (1994)

Proteoglycans play pivotal roles in the regulation of thrombin. Thrombomodulin (TM) binds thrombin through protein-protein contacts and a chondroitin sulfate moiety. The complex activates the anticoagulant zymogen, protein C. Thrombin and a thrombin mutant with Arg93, Arg97, and Arg101 changed to Ala bind soluble TM lacking the chondroitin sulfate with comparable affinities, but the mutant binds TM containing chondroitin sulfate 45-fold weaker than thrombin. A simple hyperbolic relationship describes the Ca2+ dependence of protein C activation with the thrombin mutant-TM complex whether or not the TM contains chondroitin sulfate. A similar Ca2+ dependence is observed with wild type thrombin only when the TM contains chondroitin sulfate. Thus, charge neutralization of Arg93, Arg97, and Arg101 mimics the functional effects of the chondroitin sulfate. The mutant and wild type thrombin are inhibited at comparable rates by antithrombin +/- the pentasaccharide capable of inducing the "active" antithrombin conformation, but heparin acceleration of antithrombin inhibition of the mutant is reduced by more than 95%. Binding studies revealed that the mutant has a > or = 20-fold decrease in heparin affinity. We conclude that heparin and chondroitin sulfate interact with one or more of these Arg residues. These basic residues appear to play a critical role in the regulation of thrombin activity.
Differential Effects of Neuropeptides on Cytokine Production by Mouse Helper T Cell Subsets (1998)

Though immune outcome is known to be determined by which helper T cell response predominates, no local mechanism has yet been established which can explain how the neuronal system may control this. It is possible that the nervous system releases neuropeptides at specific local sites of infection or challenge, which triggers lymphocytes at those points to release specific cytokine profiles. These may then influence the direction of the Th1/Th2 response and therefore immune outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether and if so how neuropeptides influence cytokine production by lymphocytes, especially T cells. We investigated the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) by stimulating nonadherent splenocytes and helper T cell clones with antigens in vitro in the presence or absence of these peptides. NPY greatly enhanced IL-4 production and inhibited IFN-gamma. CGRP inhibited IFN-gamma production markedly in a dose-dependent manner, but had no effects on IL-4 production. SP and VIP had no effects on IFN-gamma production, but SP enhanced and VIP suppressed IL-4 production slightly but consistently. Therefore neuropeptides can influence cytokine production. This opens the door to speculations that these specific cytokine profiles might play a part in influencing the direction of the consequent Th1/Th2 cascade and immune outcome and possibly the pathogenesis of immune-related diseases.
Actions of Oxytocin and a Long-Acting Carba Oxytocin Analog on the Porcine Myometrium in Vitro and in Vivo (1979)

The contractile actions of oxytocin and its analog 1-desamino-1-monocarba-[2-Tyr(OMe)]-oxytocin were compared on in vitro (experiment 1) and in vivo (experiment 2) preparations of porcine uterine horns. In both experiments, sows in estrus were selected for maximal sensitivity. Despite the loss of peak amplitude associated with the substitution at sequence position 2 of O-methyltyrosine for tyrosine, the two remaining alterations (N-terminal desamination and replacement of the 1-6 S-S bridge by CH2S) prolonged the action of single-dose presentations. Thus, instead of having a response lasting minutes when the parent hormone is given, an IV dose of about 5 micrograms of the analog/kg of body weight in the intact anesthetized sow resulted in a response lasting two hours.
Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Staging of Uterine Cervical Carcinoma (2004)

Magnetic resonance imaging has high accuracy in the preoperative staging of uterine cervical cancer.
Metabolism of dietary Δ<sup>8</sup>‐sterols and 9β, 19‐cyclopropyl sterols by <i>Locusta migratoria</i> (1989)

Abstract Adult female locusts were reared on wheat seedlings (experimental wheat) containing more than 97% of 9,10‐cyclopropyl sterols and Δ 8 ‐sterols and less than 2% of Δ 5 ‐sterols. These insects showed a dramatic decrease in their cholesterol, cholestanol and Δ 7 ‐cholestanol content compared with control insects. These changes were more dramatic for steryl esters than for free sterols. Similar results were observed in eggs laid by the insects fed on experimental wheat. The decrease in Δ 5 ‐, Δ 0 ‐ and Δ 7 ‐sterols in insects reared on experimental wheat was compensated by a marked accumulation of Δ 8 ‐sterols and 9β, 19‐cyclopropyl sterols in the free sterol fraction and especially in the steryl ester fractions. The ecdysteroid content of eggs laid by experimental female insects was reduced by up to 80% compared with controls. These and other results suggest that the dietary 9β, 19‐cyclopropyl sterols and Δ 8 ‐sterols cannot be used by Locusta in place of Δ 5 ‐sterols for ecdysteroid biosynthesis. To give support to this hypothesis, the experimental wheat was supplemented with various sterols before being presented to the insects immediately after the first egg laying. When cholesterol, sitosterol, or cholestanol were used as supplements, there was a complete recovery of the ecdysteroid titer in the eggs, a disappearance of 9β, 19‐cyclopropyl sterols, and a restoration of the cholesterol content in both the animals and the eggs. Stigmasterol, stigmastanol, and ergosterol were much less efficient in reversing the effects of the experimental wheat. As expected, 9β, 19‐cyclopropyl sterols were totally ineffective. These results are discussed in the light of our information on the role played by sterols in insect development and on the structural features required by the sterols to fulfill their role.
An Application of Active Control to the Collector of an High-Speed Pantograph: Simulation and Laboratory Tests (2006)

The current collection for the traction motor of trains is obtained by means of a sliding contact between the overhead line (OHL) and the collector strips mounted on the pantograph head. As the train speed increases, the variation of contact force exchanged between the pantograph and the OHL, dependent on their dynamic interaction, becomes greater. This condition causes excessive mechanical wear and contact wire uplift (for high values of contact forces), and leads to high percentage of loss of contact, arcing and electrically related wear if too low values of contact forces occur. The topic of actively controlled pantograph is gaining more interest as a tool to increase the performance of current collection. This paper describes authors research activities on this topic.
Effects of sinefungin and S-adenosylhomocysteine on DNA and protein methyltransferases from Streptomyces and other bacteria (1990)

Sinefungin is a naturally occurring nucleoside isolated from cultures of Streptomyces griseolus and S. incarnatus. It is structurally related to S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) and S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH). Its effect and level of action on prokaryotes has not been studied with the same detail as with eukaryotic cells. In this report we describe the effect of sinefungin and SAH on several Streptomyces methyltransferases (DNA) and protein MTases) and on other bacterial DNA-MTases. Protein Mtases are resistant to sinefungin, whereas DNA-MTases are inhibited. Adenine MTases however, seem more sensitive to this analogue than cytosine MTases.
Das Verhalten von Copolymeren aus Styrol und Acenaphthylen bei der Einwirkung von Licht, II (1979)

Abstract Folien von Copolymeren aus Styrol und Acenaphthylen werden verschieden lange in einem Xenotest®‐Gerät bestrahlt. Während sich bei Proben mit neidrigem Acetnaphthylengehalt (bis 5 mol‐%) die Transmission durch die Bestrahlung nur wenig ändert, nimmt sie bei Copolymeren mit höherem Acenaphthylengehalt schon bei kurzen Bestrahlungszeiten stark ab. Die Zugfestigkeit steigt bis zu Bestrahlungszeiten von ca. 7 Stunden an und ist bis zu 72 Stunden auch bei steigendem Acenaphthylengehalt höher bzw. vergleichbar mit der des reinen Polystyrols. Durch die Bestrahlung wird die Molmassenverteilung breiter, und der Anteil an niedermolekularen Polymeren nimmt zu.
The Rate of Cognitive Decline in Parkinson Disease (2004)

The mean annual decline on the Mini-Mental State Examination for PD patients was 1 point. However, a marked variation was found. In patients with PD and dementia, the mean annual decline was 2.3, which was similar to the decline observed in patients with Alzheimer disease.
Chirp-partition based pre-distortion for reduced carrier leakage in circulator-based wide-band FMCW radar systems (2017)

This paper presents a digital pre-distortion scheme to reduce carrier-leakage in wideband FMCW radars that use a circulator to provide isolation between the transmitter and receiver. The proposed digital pre-distortion technique first power combines the leakage signal with a second pre-distorting signal prior to entering the radar receiver. The Phase & amplitude of this pre-distorting signal are adjusted for partitions of the FMCW chirp to provide cancellation. Transitions between sections are pulse shaped to eliminate broadband frequency content.
Tree-Based Signatures for Shape Classification (2006)

This paper reports on tree-based shape encoding and classification. We present an approach that combines characteristics from the theories of R-trees known from data base indexing and regression trees known from pattern recognition. The resulting shape representations are highly storage efficient. As they immediately transform into scale invariant signatures, we apply the Earth Mover's distance for computing shape similarities. Experimental results underline the efficacy of this approach. The required computations are simple and fast but allow for robust shape classification and clustering.
Replacing 32 Proline Residues by a Noncanonical Amino Acid Results in a Highly Active DNA Polymerase (2010)

Protein engineering may be achieved by rational design, directed evolution-based methods, or computational protein design. Mostly these methods make recourse to the restricted pool of the 20 natural amino acids. With the ability to introduce different new kinds of functionalities into proteins, the use of noncanonical amino acids became a promising new method in protein engineering. Here, we report on the generation of a multifluorinated DNA polymerase. DNA polymerases are highly dynamic enzymes that catalyze DNA synthesis in a template-dependent manner, thereby passing several conformational states during the catalytic cycle. Here, we globally replaced 32 proline residues by the noncanonical imino acid (4R)-fluoroproline in a DNA polymerase of 540 amino acids (KlenTaq DNA polymerase). Interestingly, the substitution level of the proline residues was very efficient (92%). Nonetheless, the introduction of (4R)-fluoroproline into the DNA polymerase resulted in a highly active fluorinated enzyme, which was investigated in primer extension and PCR assays to analyze activity, selectivity, and stability in comparison to the parental enzyme. The DNA polymerase retained fidelity, activity, and sensitivity as the parental wild-type enzyme accompanied by some loss in thermostability. These results demonstrate that a noncanonical amino acid can be used for substitutions of natural counterparts in a highly dynamic enzyme with high molecular weight without effecting crucial enzyme properties. Furthermore, the employed DNA polymerase represents a promising starting point for directed DNA polymerase evolution with noncanonical amino acids.
Calcium-Independent Modulation of Cyclic GMP and Activation of Guanylate Cyclase by Nitrosamines (1976)

Nitrosamines markedly increase concentrations of guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in several tissues from the rat and in human colonic mucosa. These agents are effective in the absence of extracellular calcium and enhance guanylate cyclase activity in tissue homogenates. Stimulation of cyclic GMP was greatest in liver, where the carcinogenic activity of nitrosamines is also most pronounced.
A low-frequency gaussian white-noise generator (1968)

The various methods of generating low-frequency noise are discussed. The merits of using a binary random signal, particularly the binary random square wave, as a noise source are considered, The advantages of applying the binary random signal to a low-pass filter to produce white gaussian noise are pointed out. A general method of designing filters which compensate for the fall in spectral response of the binary signal over the pass-band is described. Also, a theoretical method of determining the amplitude probability distribution of the filter output is described. The equations derived are solved for the case of third-order filters. Experimental and theoretical characteristics are given for the case of a noise generator using a third-order filter.
Ultrathin silicon dioxide layers with a low leakage current density formed by chemical oxidation of Si (2002)

Chemical oxidation of Si by use of azeotrope of nitric acid and water can form 1.4-nm-thick silicon dioxide layers with a leakage current density as low as those of thermally grown SiO2 layers. The capacitance–voltage (C–V) curves for these ultrathin chemical SiO2 layers have been measured due to the low leakage current density. The leakage current density is further decreased to ∼1/5 (cf. 0.4 A/cm2 at the forward gate bias of 1 V) by post-metallization annealing at 200 °C in hydrogen. Photoelectron spectroscopy and C–V measurements show that this decrease results from (i) increase in the energy discontinuity at the Si/SiO2 interface, and (ii) elimination of Si/SiO2 interface states and SiO2 gap states.
GROWTH ON ARTIFICIAL MEDIUM OF AN AGENT ASSOCIATED WITH ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA AND ITS IDENTIFICATION AS A PPLO (1962)

Recent volunteer and controlled epidemiologic field studies have provided evidence which firmly associates the agent first recovered by Eaton in 1944 with lower respiratory tract illness of man.1-3 A serologic response to the Eaton agent occurs in approximately 90 per cent of pneumonia illnesses in which cold agglutinins develop during convalescence as well as in a significant but variable proportion of cold agglutinin-negative pneumonias.2 4 The development of pneumonia and other forms of respiratory disease following the administration of tissue culture-grown Eaton agent to volunteers and the demonstration that naturally acquired antibody offered protection against such illness supports the contention that the agent is a respiratory tract pathogen.5 For many years, the agent was tentatively classified as a virus. The large size of the agent (180-250 m,i) and its sensitivity to streptomycin and various tetracycline derivatives, however, posed some difficulty with such a classification.6-8 Recently, Marmion and Goodburn were able to visualize small cocco-bacillary bodies on the mucous layer covering the bronchial epithelium of the Eaton agent infected chick embryo.9 The distribution of these bodies corresponded with the localization of Eaton agent as visualized by the fluorescent antibody technique. These workers also demonstrated that the Eaton agent was inhibited by an organic gold salt. Clyde visualized extracellular colony-like structures in stained preparations of infected tissue culture; these structures corresponded with the areas of specific immunofluorescence.U? Both groups of workers suggested the possibility that the Eaton agent may be a pleuropneumonia-like (PPLO) rather than a virus. Cultivation of the organism in cell-free media, however, was not achieved. T
Single-jet, single-stage cryogenic modulator for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) (2003)

A simple, single-stage CO2 jet modulator has been designed, which cools only a single, ca. 10 mm long section of the front part of the second-dimension column of a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic (GC x GC) system. Direct heating by means of the GC oven air effects remobilization of the small fractions trapped upon eluting from the first-dimension column within a predetermined short period of time. Evaluation of the present modulator for the GC x GC separation of (very) polar flavour as well as non-polar compounds shows that the analytical performance of the single-stage modulator is closely similar to that of earlier reported, more complex, types of modulator.
Wechselwirkung zwischen Elektronen und Gitterschwingungen (1955)

Die Bremsung der Elektronen durch die Gitterschwingungen behandelt man üblicherweise nach den Methoden der quantenmechanischen Störungsrechnung. Dabei wird angenommen, daß gelegentlich von den Elektronen an die Gitterschwingungen Energie und Impuls abgegeben oder umgekehrt Energie und Impuls von ihnen aufgenommen werden. Die Energie- und Impulsübertragung erfolgt in einzelnen festen Beträgen, den sogenannten Quanten, und zwar wird stets gleichzeitig ein Energiequant und ein Impulsquant übertragen. Je stärker die Wechselwirkung zwischen den beiden Systemen Elektron und Gitterschwingung ist, umso häufiger findet eine quantenhafte Energie-Impulsübertragung statt. Ist die Wechselwirkung sc groß, daß im Durchschnitt während jeder Schwingungsperiode der Gitterschwingung ein oder sogar mehrere Zusammenstöße erfolgen, dann ist freilich die Anwendung der Störungsrechnung nicht mehr zulässig. Die Durchrechnung der wirklichen Verhältnisse zeigt, daß die Wechselwirkung zwischen Elektronen und Gitterschwingungen so groß ist, daß die Anwendung der Störungsrechnung gerade noch zulässig sein kann. Da andere allgemein brauchbare Rechenmethoden bisher nicht entwickelt wurden, wird in der vorliegenden Untersuchung die Störungsrechnung zugrunde gelegt. Im einzelnen zeigt die Rechnung, daß langsame Elektronen überwiegend durch die longitudinalen optischen Gitterschwingungen gebremst werden, schnellere Elektronen (mit Energie in der Größenordnung 1 eV) außerdem auch durch die longitudinalen akustischen Schwingungen.
Phase and Reaction Equilibria Considerations in the Evaluation and Operation of Supercritical Fluid Reaction Processes (1989)

Equilibrium conversion and critical behavior plots can aid both in the rational selection of supercritical fluid (SCF) solvents as well as in the design of experiments that yield optimum operating conditions in the dense supercritical region. In this study, Gibbs' rigorous thermodynamic criteria are used to predict phase and reaction equilibria for the supercritical isomerization of 1-hexene over a Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Simulated equilibrium conversions agree well with experimental results obtained in a stirred autoclave reactor. Results from batch and continuous experiments attest to the potential of SCF reaction media to significantly reduce catalyst coking when operating under favorable conditions.