gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reverse micelles in supercritical fluids. 3. Amino acid solubilization in ethane and propane (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReverse micelles in supercritical fluids. 3. Amino acid solubilization in ethane and propaneRichard M. Lemert, Rob A. Fuller, and Keith P. JohnstonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 15, 6021–6028Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100378a073https://doi.org/10.1021/j100378a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Real‐time interactive coronary MRA (2001)

An interactive real-time imaging system capable of rapid coronary artery imaging is described. High-resolution spiral and circular echo planar trajectories were used to achieve 0.8 x 1.6 mm2 resolution in 135 ms (CEPI) or 1.13 x 1.13 mm2 resolution in 189 ms (spirals), over a 20-cm FOV. Using a sliding window reconstruction, display rates of up to 37 images/sec were achieved. Initial results indicate this technique can perform as a high-quality 2D coronary localizer and with SNR improvement may enable rapid screening of the coronary tree.
c-Abl phosphorylates Dok1 to promote filopodia during cell spreading (2004)

Filopodia are dynamic F-actin structures that cells use to explore their environment. c-Abl tyrosine kinase promotes filopodia during cell spreading through an unknown mechanism that does not require Cdc42 activity. Using an unbiased approach, we identified Dok1 as a specific c-Abl substrate in spreading fibroblasts. When activated by cell adhesion, c-Abl phosphorylates Y361 of Dok1, promoting its association with the Src homology 2 domain (SH2)/SH3 adaptor protein Nck. Each signaling component was critical for filopodia formation during cell spreading, as evidenced by the finding that mouse fibroblasts lacking c-Abl, Dok1, or Nck had fewer filopodia than cells reexpressing the product of the disrupted gene. Dok1 and c-Abl stimulated filopodia in a mutually interdependent manner, indicating that they function in the same signaling pathway. Dok1 and c-Abl were both detected in filopodia of spreading cells, and therefore may act locally to modulate actin. Our data suggest a novel pathway by which c-Abl transduces signals to the actin cytoskeleton through phosphorylating Dok1 Y361 and recruiting Nck.
Early drug development of inhibitors of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor pathway: Lessons from the first clinical trials (2008)

The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) was first cloned in 1986. Since then, intense work has defined classic phosphorelays activated via the IGF-IR, which regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and fate. The understanding of the roles of hormones in cancer and the growth hormone-IGF-IGF-binding protein axis specifically has yield to a second wave of development: the design of specific inhibitors that interrupt the signaling associated with this axis. The ability to manipulate these pathways holds not only significant therapeutic implications but also increase the chance of deeper insight about the role of the axis in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Nowadays, >25 molecules with the same goal are at different stages of development. Here, we review the clinical and preclinical experience with the two most-investigated strategies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, and the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy, as well as other alternatives and possible drug combinations. We also review the biomarkers explored in the first clinical trials, the strategies that have been explored thus far, and the clinical trials that are going to explore their role in cancer treatment.
Stimulation by Recombinant Human Growth Hormone of Growth and Development of Remaining Bowel After Subtotal Ileojejunectomy in Rats (1994)

The impact of human recombinant growth hormone (GH) after massive small bowel resection was studied in 38 weaning female Wistar rats (65 +/- 5 days old; 193 +/- 26 g). Animals underwent a 80% small bowel resection, leaving in place similar lengths of jejunum and ileum. Animals were assigned to four groups: group A (n = 9), small bowel resection only; group B (n = 10), resection and treatment with 0.2 GH units (GHU) s.c. every other day; group C (n = 9), resection and 0.4 GHU; and group D (n = 10), laparotomy without intestinal resection. Twenty-eight days later, weight gain (percentage of initial weight) was 1 +/- 3 in group A, 12 +/- 8 in group B, 12 +/- 9 in group C, and 16 +/- 7 in group D; p < 0.001, groups B-D. Time to recover initial weight was 26.2 +/- 3.3 days in group A; 11.7 +/- 5.4 days in group B (p < 0.001); and 16 +/- 6.1 days in group C (p < 0.001 vs. A). The size of the intestinal remnant after the rats were killed was 1.3 +/- 0.6 cm (13 +/- 10% of initial length) in A; 5.15 +/- 2.4 cm (37 +/- 18%) in B (p < 0.01); 4.2 +/- 2.3 cm (33 +/- 20%) in C (p < 0.01 vs. A); and 4.4 +/- 3.5 cm (5.8 +/- 4.9%) in D (p < 0.001 vs A). Villus height and diameter, average number of mitosis per field, and muscular layer and wall thickness were greater in groups A, B, and C than in group D (p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adaptive two-level unequal error protection convolutional code scheme for wireless ATM networks (2002)

Because the wireless asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks are often constrained with the limited link bandwidth and error-prone characteristics, forward error correction (FEC) is needed to improve their bit error rate performance. In this paper, a two-level punctured convolutional code (PCC) scheme is constructed to apply to a wireless ATM cell header and various payloads with the flexible unequal error protection (UEP). Since their perforation matrices can be programmable, the code rates of PCC are applicable to the different sensitivity of source-encoded symbols, even if only the same encoding and decoding hardware is used. Finally, the performance on Gaussian and fading channels is analyzed, which shows significant reductions in cell loss rate (CLR) and good balances for CLR and the payload bit error rate (BER).
GSK3 at the Edge: Regulation of Developmental Specification and Cell Polarization (2006)

GSK3 is a multifunctional protein kinase that is pivotal for the regulation of metabolism, the cytoskeleton, and gene expression. Multicellular eukaryotes utilize GSK3 as a molecular switch to specify distinct cell fates, but also to organize these cells spatially within the developing organism. We discuss the central role of GSK3 in control of the Wnt, Hedgehog, cAMP (in Dictyostelium), and other signaling pathways, but also focus on significant new evidence that GSK3 is required to establish cell polarity.
Chitosan Nanoparticles Act as an Adjuvant to Promote both Th1 and Th2 Immune Responses Induced by Ovalbumin in Mice (2011)

The study was conducted to investigate the promoted immune response to ovalbumin in mice by chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) and its toxicity. CNP did not cause any mortality or side effects when mice were administered subcutaneously twice with a dose of 1.5 mg at 7-day intervals. Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were immunized subcutaneously with 25 μg ovalbumin (OVA) alone or with 25 μg OVA dissolved in saline containing Quil A (10 μg), chitosan (CS) (50 μg) or CNP (12.5, 50 or 200 μg) on days 1 and 15. Two weeks after the secondary immunization, serum OVA-specific antibody titers, splenocyte proliferation, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and production and mRNA expression of cytokines from splenocytes were measured. The serum OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers and Con A-, LPS-, and OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation were significantly enhanced by CNP (P < 0.05) as compared with OVA and CS groups. CNP also significantly promoted the production of Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-10) cytokines and up-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokines in splenocytes from the immunized mice compared with OVA and CS groups. Besides, CNP remarkably increased the killing activities of NK cells activity (P < 0.05). The results suggested that CNP had a strong potential to increase both cellular and humoral immune responses and elicited a balanced Th1/Th2 response, and that CNP may be a safe and efficacious adjuvant candidate suitable for a wide spectrum of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
Systematic difference between blood pressure readings caused by cuff type. (1994)

In this study we determine whether blood pressure readings using a cuff of fixed size systematically differed from readings made with a triple-bladder cuff (Tricuff) that automatically adjusts bladder width to arm circumference and assessed subsequent clinical and epidemiological effects. Blood pressure was measured with a standard cuff or a Tricuff in 454 patients visiting an outpatient clinic in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean). Overall means of within-individual standard cuff-Tricuff differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressures were examined in relation to arm circumference and sex. The standard cuff-Tricuff difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased monotonically with circumference (from 4.7 +/- 0.8/3.2 +/- 0.7 mm Hg for arm circumference of 30 to 31 cm to 10.0 +/- 1.1/8.0 +/- 0.9 mm Hg for arm circumference > or = 36 cm) and was larger in women than men. Multivariate linear regression indicated independent effects of arm circumference and sex. Forty percent of subjects with a diastolic blood pressure of > or = 95 mm Hg measured with a standard cuff had values less than 95 mm Hg measured with a Tricuff. Extrapolation to the entire population of the Seychelles decreased the prevalence of blood pressure greater than or equal to 160/95 mm Hg by 11.5% and 24.0% in men and women, respectively, aged 35 to 64 years. The age-adjusted effect of body mass index on systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased twofold using blood pressure readings made with a Tricuff instead of a standard cuff.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Managing energy-performance tradeoffs for multithreaded applications on multiprocessor architectures (2007)

In modern computers, non-performance metrics such as energy consumption have become increasingly important, requiring tradeoff with performance. A recent work has proposed performance-guaranteed energy management, but it is designed specifically for sequential applications and cannot be used to a large class of multithreaded applications running on high end computers and data servers.
SnapNet-R: Consistent 3D Multi-view Semantic Labeling for Robotics (2017)

In this paper we present a new approach for semantic recognition in the context of robotics. When a robot evolves in its environment, it gets 3D information given either by its sensors or by its own motion through 3D reconstruction. Our approach uses (i) 3D-coherent synthesis of scene observations and (ii) mix them in a multi-view framework for 3D labeling. (iii) This is efficient locally (for 2D semantic segmentation) and globally (for 3D structure labeling). This allows to add semantics to the observed scene that goes beyond simple image classification, as shown on challenging datasets such as SUNRGBD or the 3DRMS Reconstruction Challenge.
[The hemodynamic effects of a treatment with beta-receptor blockers during coronary surgery. A comparison between acebutolol and esmolol]. (1990)

Both beta-receptor blockers--acebutolol and the ultrashort-acting esmolol--diminish heart rate sufficiently when tachycardia occurs during coronary artery bypass grafting. Reduction of heart rate is associated with a decrease of cardiac output and an impairment of myocardial contractility. From the hemodynamic point of view there is no major difference between the two beta-receptor blockers investigated, but esmolol may have an advantage over acebutolol because of its short elimination half-life.
Early Interaction of Rhinoviruses with Host Cells (1972)

The rate of attachment of type 2 virions to suspensions of HeLa cells is much greater than that of type 14, but the number of receptor sites per cell is similar for each type. The receptor sites may be partly saturated with excess virions; attachment is greatly reduced after about 10(4) particles have been taken up per cell. A lack of saturation of type 14 receptors by excess type 2 indicates that their receptor sites are separate on the cell surface. Excess of type 2 blocks attachment of type 1A, however, and excess of type 14 blocks type 51. Attachment of the human rhinoviruses is temperature-dependent with a Q(10) of 2.7. The eclipse reaction is also temperature-dependent. At 34.5 C, the irreversible eclipse of cell-associated rhinovirus type 2 requires only a few minutes, whereas the rate of eclipse of cell-associated type 14 is considerably slower. The eclipse product of type 2 rhinovirus has been recovered from infected cells. It sediments at about 90% of the rate of the infective virions and is missing virus polypeptide 4 (the smallest of the capsid polypeptides). Upon being subjected to CsCl gradient centrifugation, virus polypeptide 2 is also lost but the product still contains ribonucleic acid and bands at about 1.45 g/cc.
Effects of VLA-1 Blockade on Experimental Inflammation in Mice. (2016)

VLA-1 (very late antigen-1) is implicated in recruitment, retention and activation of leukocytes and its blockade has been referred as a potential target of new drug discovery to address unmet medical needs in inflammatory disease area. In the present study, we investigate the effects of an anti-murine CD49a (integrin α subunit of VLA-1) monoclonal antibody (Ha31/8) on various experimental models of inflammatory diseases in mice. Pretreatment with Ha31/8 at an intraperitoneal dose of 250 µg significantly (P<0.01) reduced arthritic symptoms and joint tissue damage in mice with type II collagen-induced arthritis. In addition, Ha31/8 at an intraperitoneal dose of 100 µg significantly (P<0.01) inhibited airway inflammatory cell infiltration induced by repeated exposure to cigarette smoke. In contrast, Ha31/8 failed to inhibit oxazolone-induced chronic dermatitis and OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness at an intraperitoneal dose of 100 µg. These results show that VLA-1 is involved, at least partly, in the pathogenesis of type II collagen-induced arthritis and cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammatory cell infiltration in mice, indicating the therapeutic potential of VLA-1 blockade against rheumatoid arthritis and chronic occlusive pulmonary disease.
Combining cross-validation and confidence to measure fitness (2003)

Neural network and machine learning algorithms often have parameters that must be tuned for good performance on a particular task. Leave-one-out cross-validation (LCV) accuracy is often used to measure the fitness of a set of parameter values. However, small changes in parameters often have no effect on LCV accuracy. Many learning algorithms can measure the confidence of a classification decision, but often confidence alone is an inappropriate measure of fitness. This paper proposes a combined measure of cross-validation and confidence (CVC) for obtaining a continuous measure of fitness for sets of parameters in learning algorithms. This paper also proposes the refined instance-based learning algorithm which illustrates the use of CVC in automated parameter tuning. Using CVC provides significant improvement in generalization accuracy on a collection of 31 classification tasks when compared to using LCV.
Neurocalcin δ Modulation of ROS-GC1, a New Model of Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling (2008)

ROS-GC1 membrane guanylate cyclase is a Ca(2+) bimodal signal transduction switch. It is turned "off" by a rise in free Ca(2+) from nanomolar to the semicromolar range in the photoreceptor outer segments and the olfactory bulb neurons; by a similar rise in the bipolar and ganglion retinal neurons it is turned "on". These opposite operational modes of the switch are specified by its Ca(2+) sensing devices, respectively termed GCAPs and CD-GCAPs. Neurocalcin delta is a CD-GCAP. In the present study, the neurocalcin delta-modulated site, V(837)-L(858), in ROS-GC1 has been mapped. The location and properties of this site are unique. It resides within the core domain of the catalytic module and does not require the alpha-helical dimerization domain structural element (amino acids 767-811) for activating the catalytic module. Contrary to the current beliefs, the catalytic module is intrinsically active; it is directly regulated by the neurocalcin delta-modulated Ca(2+) signal and is dimeric in nature. A fold recognition based model of the catalytic domain of ROS-GC1 was built, and neurocalcin delta docking simulations were carried out to define the three-dimensional features of the interacting domains of the two molecules. These findings define a new transduction model for the Ca(2+) signaling of ROS-GC1.
Full-field optical coherence microscopy for identifying live cancer cells by quantitative measurement of refractive index distribution (2010)

The feasibility of identifying cancer cells by measuring the refractive index (RI) distribution across a single live cell with ultrahigh resolution full-field optical coherence microscopy (FF-OCM) is presented. The FF-OCM is utilized to quantify integral RI distributions of unmodified cells without any cell treatments and used as a biophysical indicator for diagnosing cell malignancy. Firstly, the physical thickness distribution of the cell adherent to a culture dish is measured by taking a series of 0.6 µm resolved en-face tomograms. Subsequently, from the en-face image of the bottom surface of the cell or the top surface of the dish, the phase gain image of the cell is extracted. Then, from these two measurements the axially averaged RI map of the cell is extracted. The implemented FF-OCM system had a 0.8 µm axial resolution and the phase measurement sensitivity of the system was around 124 mrad. With the system, RI maps of several living cell lines of normal and cancer cells were constructed and quantitatively analyzed. The experiments showed that cancer cells had higher RI than normal ones. This approach using the FF-OCM has significant potential for cancer diagnosis and dynamic cell analysis as in situ label-free biophysical assay.
Characterization of the protective antibody response to Borrelia burgdorferi in experimentally infected LSH hamsters (1991)

We show that serum obtained from normal hamsters infected with Borrelia burgdorferi can confer complete protection on irradiated recipients challenged with the Lyme spirochete. Borreliacidal activity was detected 7 days after infection, peaked at weeks 3 to 5, and thereafter decreased. Relatively high borreliacidal activity was detected in immune serum at weeks 3 and 5 of infection. The borreliacidal activity did not correlate with antibody used for the serodiagnosis of Lyme disease, which remained elevated throughout experimental infection. Our results also demonstrated that blocking antibody and antigenic variation in B. burgdorferi did not account for the decreasing titer of protective antibody. These findings indicate that protection against reinfection gradually wanes.
Gas, Natural (2000)

Abstract Natural gas is a mixture of naturally occurring hydrocarbon and non‐hydrocarbon gases found in porous geologic formations beneath the earth's surface. Methane is a principal constituent and the mixture may contain higher hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, butane, and pentane. Gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, various mercaptans, and water vapor along with trace amounts of other inorganic and organic compounds can also be present. Natural gas is found in a variety of geological formations including sandstones, shales, and coals. Worldwide natural gas reserves have continued to increase as the demand for gas has increased and exploration efforts have expanded. Natural gas production on a worldwide basis has also continued to increase. The composition of natural gas at the wellhead depends on the characteristics of the reservoir and is highly variable with respect to both the constituents present and the concentrations of these constituents. Natural gas obtained at the wellhead usually undergoes some type of treatment or processing prior to its use for safety, economic, or system and material compatibility reasons. Gases are odorless, but for safety reasons, natural gas is odorized before distribution to provide a distinct odor to warn users of possible gas leaks in equipment. Natural gas is used as a fuel and source of heat throughout the industrialized countries for a broad range of residential, commercial. Both natural gas and natural gas liquids are used as feedstocks in the chemical industry. Production takes place both at onshore installations and on offshore platforms which service wells drilled to provide access to reservoirs located below the floor of the ocean.
Viscosity Prediction of Dense Slurries Prepared by Non-Spherical Solid Particles. (2001)

Prediction of the maximum packing volume fraction with non-spherical particles has been one of the important problems in powder technology. The sphericity depending on the particle diameter was measured by means of an image processing instrument. An algorithm to predict the maximum packing volume fraction with non-spherical particles is proposed. The maximum packing volume fraction was used to predict the slurry viscosity under well dispersed conditions. For this purpose, Simha's cell model was applied for concentrated slurry with wide particle size distribution. Also, Usui's model developed for aggregative slurries was applied to predict the non-Newtonian viscosity of dense fly ash-water slurry. It was certified that the maximum packing volume fraction for non-spherical particles can be successfully used to predict slurry viscosity, and this means indirectly the maximum packing volume fraction determined in this study is reasonable.