gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Si Nanowires Forest-Based On-Chip Biomolecular Filtering, Separation and Preconcentration Devices: Nanowires Do it All (2012)

The development of efficient biomolecular separation and purification techniques is of critical importance in modern genomics, proteomics, and biosensing areas, primarily due to the fact that most biosamples are mixtures of high diversity and complexity. Most of existent techniques lack the capability to rapidly and selectively separate and concentrate specific target proteins from a complex biosample, and are difficult to integrate with lab-on-a-chip sensing devices. Here, we demonstrate the development of an on-chip all-SiNW filtering, selective separation, desalting, and preconcentration platform for the direct analysis of whole blood and other complex biosamples. The separation of required protein analytes from raw biosamples is first performed using a antibody-modified roughness-controlled SiNWs (silicon nanowires) forest of ultralarge binding surface area, followed by the release of target proteins in a controlled liquid media, and their subsequent detection by supersensitive SiNW-based FETs arrays fabricated on the same chip platform. Importantly, this is the first demonstration of an all-NWs device for the whole direct analysis of blood samples on a single chip, able to selectively collect and separate specific low abundant proteins, while easily removing unwanted blood components (proteins, cells) and achieving desalting effects, without the requirement of time-consuming centrifugation steps, the use of desalting or affinity columns. Futhermore, we have demonstrated the use of our nanowire forest-based separation device, integrated in a single platform with downstream SiNW-based sensors arrays, for the real-time ultrasensitive detection of protein biomarkers directly from blood samples. The whole ultrasensitive protein label-free analysis process can be practically performed in less than 10 min.
Development of a Universal Gap Repair Vector for Yeast-Based Screening of Knockout Rodents (2004)

Recently, we reported the production of the first knockout rats by combining N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutagenesis with a yeast-based truncation screening method. To make this new knockout technology more applicable for other laboratories and for high-throughput applications, we have developed a universal gap repair vector that is ready for use in screening for gene knockouts without additional engineering. The universal gap repair vector was validated for its application in both cDNA- and genomic DNA-based yeast truncation mutation assays. Breast cancer genes Brca1, Brca2, and Adenomatosis polyposis coli (Apc) genes from N2 rats of Brca1 and Brca2 knockouts and (Atm x ApcMin/+)F1 mice were examined, respectively. The results indicate that the universal gap repair vector we developed, using randomly selected codons as a universal cassette, is equally efficient at identifying truncation mutations as are those gap repair vectors designed specifically for Brca1 and Brca2. The availability of a universal gap repair vector should facilitate the broader screening of knockouts of most genes of many species using the combined approach of ENU-induced mutagenesis and yeast truncation assay.
Intermolecularradicaladdition reactions of α-iodo cycloalkenones and a synthetic study of the formal synthesis of enantiopurefawcettimine (2007)

The generation of alpha-carbonyl vinyl radicals from alpha-iodo cycloalkenones, the scope of their participation in intermolecular addition reactions with electron-withdrawing olefins are studied and a synthetic study of the formal synthesis of enantiopure fawcettimine using this reaction is described.
Annealing effects for implanted Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors (1988)

Annealing effects of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor thin films implanted by 200-keV Ne+ have been investigated. Transition temperature (Tc) end points for 0, 1×1014, 1×1015, and 1×1016 ions/cm2 doses are 75, 71, 62, and 16 K, respectively. The film implanted at 1×1017 ions/cm2 dose indicates nonsuperconductors. The c-lattice constant increases were observed for the implanted films. It is confirmed that the superconducting characteristics for film, which is implanted at 1×1016 ions/cm2 dose, are recovered by annealing in O2 atmosphere at 940 °C for 4 h. Moreover, microcrystal growth caused by annealing the implanted film was observed on the surface.
Transform Coefficient Histogram-Based Image Enhancement Algorithms Using Contrast Entropy (2007)

Many applications of histograms for the purposes of image processing are well known. However, applying this process to the transform domain by way of a transform coefficient histogram has not yet been fully explored. This paper proposes three methods of image enhancement: a) logarithmic transform histogram matching, b) logarithmic transform histogram shifting, and c) logarithmic transform histogram shaping using Gaussian distributions. They are based on the properties of the logarithmic transform domain histogram and histogram equalization. The presented algorithms use the fact that the relationship between stimulus and perception is logarithmic and afford a marriage between enhancement qualities and computational efficiency. A human visual system-based quantitative measurement of image contrast improvement is also defined. This helps choose the best parameters and transform for each enhancement. A number of experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms.
High-current-density electroplating of zinc-nickel and zinc-iron alloys. (1986)

Les resultats experimentaux montrent que ces deux alliages sont deposes a hautes densites de courant avec une bonne efficacite et uniformite de la composition de l'alliage lorsque la somme de la vitesse de la feuille d'acier et du debit de la solution est superieure ou egale a 1,5 m/s
The presumptive CDR3 regions of both T cell receptor alpha and beta chains determine T cell specificity for myoglobin peptides. (1990)

The T cell receptor alpha/beta (TCR-alpha/beta) is encoded by variable (V), diversity (D), joining (J), and constant (C) segments assembled by recombination during thymocyte maturation to produce a heterodimer that imparts antigenic specificity to the T cell. Unlike immunoglobulins (Igs), which bind free antigen, the ligands of TCR-alpha/beta are cell surface complexes of intracellularly degraded antigens (i.e., peptides) bound to and presented by polymorphic products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Therefore, antigen recognition by T cells is defined as MHC restricted. A model has been formulated based upon the similarity between TCR-alpha/beta V region and Ig Fab amino acid sequences, and the crystal structure of the MHC class I and Ig molecules. This model predicts that the complementarity determining regions (CDR) 1 and 2, composed of TCR V alpha and V beta segments, primarily contact residues of the MHC alpha helices, whereas V/J alpha and V/D/J beta junctional regions (the CDR3 equivalent) contact the peptide in the MHC binding groove. Because polymorphism in MHC proteins is limited relative to the enormous diversity of antigenic peptides, the TCR may have evolved to position the highly diverse junctional residues (CDR3), where they have maximal contact with antigen bound in the MHC peptide groove. Here, we demonstrate a definitive association between CDR3 sequences in both TCR alpha and beta chains, and differences in recognition of antigen fine specificity using a panel of I-Ed-restricted, myoglobin-reactive T cell clones. Acquisition of these data relied in part upon a modification of the polymerase chain reaction that uses a degenerate, consensus primer to amplify TCR alpha chains without foreknowledge of the V alpha segments they utilize.
Double sampling delta-sigma modulators (1996)

The double sampling technique can be used to achieve twice the sampling frequency in a sampled-data system without extra requirements for op-amp's settling time, dc gain, etc. In this paper, theoretical analysis of path gain mismatch on the performance of double sampling delta-sigma modulators (/spl Delta//spl Sigma/M's) is given. Based on the result, a novel double sampling technique for /spl Delta//spl Sigma/M's that is insensitive to the path gain mismatch is presented. This technique uses a bilinear double sampling integrator in the first stage, achieving a first order shaping of the path gain mismatch error. Simulation results have been provided to verify the proposed technique.
Desmoplastic small cell tumor with multi-phenotypic differentiation. (1993)

Desmoplastic small cell tumor (DSCT) is a distinctive, poorly understood malignant tumor with a complex phenotype. The main features of the 46 cases presented here include a mean age of 20.8 years (range 7-48), male predominance (37 M:9 F), primary intraabdominal location (except for 2 cases), characteristic histologic pattern consisting of tumor cell nests surrounded by a cellular desmoplastic stroma, immunohistochemical reactivity for markers of epithelial, muscle and neural differentiation, and association with a unique cytogenetic abnormality. These findings suggest that this tumor is a distinct neoplastic process and that it probably belongs to the family of primitive small round cell developmental tumors. It is proposed that DSCT arises during development from a progenitor cell with potential for multiphenotypic differentiation.
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with Kaposi Sarcoma during Potent Antiretroviral Therapy (2004)

Rapidly progressive Kaposi sarcoma (KS) lesions with lymphadenopathy and tissue swelling occurred in a patient during antiretroviral treatment, despite an increased CD4(+) lymphocyte count and decreased HIV-1 level and KS-associated herpesvirus replication, suggesting immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Inflammation resolved coincident with decreases in the CD4(+) lymphocyte count during paclitaxel treatment, whereas KS cleared only after prolonged antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy.
488. 2-Mercaptoglyoxalines. Part I. The synthesis of ergothioneine (1951)

H. Heath, A. Lawson and C. Rimington, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 2215 DOI: 10.1039/JR9510002215
Using Impedance Measurements to Characterize Surface Modified with Gold Nanoparticles (2017)

With the increased practice of preventative healthcare to help reduce costs worldwide, sensor technology improvement is vital to patient care. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics can reduce time and lower labor in testing, and can effectively avoid transporting costs because of portable designs. Label-free detection allows for greater versatility in the detection of biological molecules. Here, we describe the use of an impedance-based POC biosensor that can detect changes in the surface modification of a micro-fabricated chip using impedance spectroscopy. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been employed to evaluate the sensing ability of our new chip using impedance measurements. Furthermore, we used impedance measurements to monitor surface functionalization progress on the sensor's interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). Electrodes made from aluminum and gold were employed and the results were analyzed to compare the impact of electrode material. GNPs coated with mercaptoundecanoic acid were also used as a model of biomolecules to greatly enhance chemical affinity to the silicon substrate. The portable sensor can be used as an alternative technology to ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques. This system has advantages over PCR and ELISA both in the amount of time required for testing and the ease of use of our sensor. With other techniques, larger, expensive equipment must be utilized in a lab environment, and procedures have to be carried out by trained professionals. The simplicity of our sensor system can lead to an automated and portable sensing system.
Using cranial electrotherapy stimulation to treat pain associated with spinal cord injury (2006)

Treatments for chronic pain in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) have been less than effective. Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES), a noninvasive technique that delivers a microcurrent to the brain via ear clip electrodes, has been shown to effectively treat several neurological and psychiatric disorders. The present study examined the effects of daily 1-hour active CES or sham CES treatment (randomly assigned) for 21 days on pain intensity and interference with activities in 38 males with SCI. The active CES group (n = 18) reported significantly decreased daily pain intensity compared with the sham CES group (n = 20) (mean change: active CES = -0.73, sham CES = -0.08; p = 0.03). Additionally, the active CES group reported significantly decreased pain interference (-14.6 pre- vs postintervention, p = 0.004) in contrast to the nonsignificant decrease in the sham CES group (-4.7 pre- vs postintervention, p = 0.24). These results suggest that CES can effectively treat chronic pain in persons with SCI.
On Time-of-arrival Positioning in a Multipath Environment (2006)

Wireless geolocation in a multipath environment is of particular interest for wideband communications and fast-developing ultrawideband (UWB) technologies. Conventional methods are solely based on first arriving signals. In this paper, it is investigated whether and under what conditions processing delay estimates of multipath components in addition to first arrivals can enhance the positioning accuracy. It is shown that the enhancement depends on two principal factors: strength of multipath components and variance of nonline-of-sight (NLOS) delays. Analytical results, which are derived as an extension of a single-path propagation case (IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., Feb. 2006), are presented first. Their practical implications are then discussed by examining several numerical examples. Finally, modified schemes of practical interest in a multipath environment are proposed
Determination of sulfur in fluid inclusions by laser ablation ICP-MS (2008)

The quantification capabilities for sulfur microanalysis in quartz-hosted fluid inclusions were investigated with laser ablation (LA) inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-Q-MS) and ICP sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SF-MS) allowing resolution of sulfur from polyatomic interferences. A scapolite mineral sample was used to determine the sulfur concentration in NIST SRM 610 (570 ± 70 µg g−1), which was further validated using EPMA and then used as standard reference material for the fluid inclusion analysis. The sulfur concentration in an assemblage of brine inclusions from a quartz–molybdenum vein was determined to be 5900 ± 2000 µg g−1 measuring 17 inclusions with the ICP-SF-MS and 13 inclusions with the ICP-Q-MS instrument. The agreement between the two ICP-MS instruments for sulfur was ∼5% and well within the overall precision of 35% relative standard deviation. The precision and accuracy was not limited by interferences, but by a so far unknown sulfur contamination source when ablating the host mineral quartz. Due to this contamination, a careful baseline correction is necessary which is described and discussed in detail. Nevertheless, the method developed to determine sulfur maintains the multi-element capabilities for individual fluid inclusions. Limits of detection for sulfur are correlated with the inclusion mass and were found to be ∼ 30–100 µg g−1 for 60 μm inclusions.
Channel spreading and substrate vaporization in surface-spark discharges (1977)

The extent of luminous plasma spreading over various ceramic substrates is shown to be related to the ease of vaporization of the metallized surface layer and not to the ionization potential of the metallic constituents. Intense prompt bremsstrahlung emission is responsible for initial vaporization of substrate species.
p-Channel Tin Monoxide Thin Film Transistor Fabricated by Vacuum Thermal Evaporation (2010)

By using tin monoxide films, p-channel oxide semiconductor thin film transistors were fabricated with a bottom-gate and bottom-contact structure. A p-type tin monoxide semiconductor thin film was obtained from tin monoxide powder by vacuum thermal evaporation. The as-deposited film showed an amorphous phase, and a polycrystalline tin monoxide was obtained by thermal annealing after the deposition. The hole concentration was on the order of 10 17 cm -3 , and the Hall mobility was 2.83 cm 2 V -1 s -1 . The resulting on-current/off-current ratio was more than 10 2 , and the field-effect mobility was approximately 4×10 -5 cm 2 V -1 s -1 .
Social Tension Detection and Intention Recognition Using Natural Language Semantic Analysis: On the Material of Russian-Speaking Social Networks and Web Forums (2011)

The paper proposes a method of social tension detection and intention recognition based on natural language analysis of social networks, forums, blogs and news comments. Our approach combines natural language syntax and semantics analysis with statistical processing to identify possible indicators of social tension. The universal components of our method incorporate the general laws of natural language, general psychological, sociological and psycholinguistic rules and trends typical of social tension detection in virtual discussions. Automatic monitoring of the contents of discussions helps to timely unveil hidden signs of tension and makes it possible to predict the likely development of the situation.
The Synthesis of 5-β-d-Glucosidokojic Acid<sup>1</sup> (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of 5-β-d-Glucosidokojic Acid1Raymond M. HannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1934, 56, 2, 485–486Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01317a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01317a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A fast-start rate control mechanism for video streaming applications (2005)

We presents a fast-start streaming mechanism that eliminates or reduces the initial start-up delay of Internet audio/video streaming applications. The presented method uses a technique that tries to fill-up the jitter compensation buffer of a streaming client at the beginning of a presentation and starts the presentation faster, hence improving user experience.
Optical fiber measurements of particle velocity using laser-induced phosphorescence (1991)

An optical fiber anemometer that uses laser-induced phosphorescence to measure particle time of flight in dense gas-solid suspensions is described. The anemometer is tested using a spinning disk coated with a phosphor having a persistent afterglow. The diagnostic technique is illustrated by measuring the velocity of free-falling particles coated with the same phosphor. Monte Carlo simulations are employed to determine the optical characteristics of the probe, including its measurement volume.
Closed-form Expressions for Optimal Transmission Power Achieving Weighted Sum-Rate Maximization in MIMO Systems (2010)

When multi-user MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) systems utilize a sum-rate maximization (SRM) scheduler, the throughput of the systems can be enhanced. However, fairness problems may arise because users located near cell edge or experiencing poor channel conditions are less likely to be selected by the SRM scheduler. In this paper, a weighted sum-rate maximization (WSRM) scheduler is used to enhance the fairness performance of the MIMO systems. Closed-form expressions for the optimal transmit power allocation of WSRM and corresponding weighted sum-rate (WSR) are derived in the 6-sector collaborative transmission system. Using the derived results, we propose an algorithm which searches the optimal power allocation for WSRM in the 3-sector collaborative transmission system. Based on the derived closed-form expressions and the proposed algorithm, we perform computer simulations to compare performance of the WSRM scheduler and the SRM scheduler with respect to the sum-rate and the log-sum-of-average rates. We further verify that the WSRM scheduler efficiently improves fairness performance by showing the enhanced performance of average transmission rates in low percentile region.
Haptoglobin dampens endotoxin‐induced inflammatory effects both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2005)

We report that haptoglobin, an acute-phase protein produced by liver cells in response to interleukin-6 (IL-6), can modulate the inflammatory response induced by endotoxins. We provide evidence that haptoglobin has the ability to selectively antagonize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) effects in vitro by suppressing monocyte production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-10 and IL-12, while it fails to inhibit the production of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1 receptor antagonist. In two animal models of LPS-induced bronchopulmonary hyperreactivity and endotoxic shock, haptoglobin knockout mice were more sensitive to LPS effects compared to their wild-type counterparts. The present data suggest that haptoglobin regulates monocyte activation following LPS stimulation. The increase in haptoglobin levels during an acute-phase reaction may generate a feedback effect which dampens the severity of cytokine release and protects against endotoxin-induced effects.
In Situ Assembly of Antifouling/Bacterial Silver Nanoparticle-Hydrogel Composites with Controlled Particle Release and Matrix Softening (2015)

Controlling bacterial contamination has been a major challenge for protecting human health and welfare. In this context, hydrogels loaded with silver nanoparticles have been used to prevent biofilm formation on substrates of interest. However, such gel composites are often plagued by rapid loss of silver nanoparticles and matrix softening, and thus the gel becomes less effective for antifouling. To this end, this study demonstrates that in situ photoreaction of an aqueous mixture of silver nitrates, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, and vinylpyrrolidone results in a silver nanoparticle-laden hydrogel composite with minimal nanoparticle loss and matrix softening due to enhanced binding between nanoparticles and the gel. The resulting gel composite successfully inhibits the bacterial growth in media and the bacterial adhesion to surfaces of interest. We suggest that the results of this study serve to advance quality of materials with antifouling/bacterial activities.
Intestinal lipoprotein assembly (2005)

Understanding the mechanisms involved in the intracellular transport of chylomicrons and chylomicron-independent secretion pathways are expected to be the next frontiers in the field of intestinal lipoprotein assembly and secretion.