gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon Nanomaterials Based Electrochemical Sensors/Biosensors for the Sensitive Detection of Pharmaceutical and Biological Compounds (2015)

Electrochemical sensors and biosensors have attracted considerable attention for the sensitive detection of a variety of biological and pharmaceutical compounds. Since the discovery of carbon-based nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, C60 and graphene, they have garnered tremendous interest for their potential in the design of high-performance electrochemical sensor platforms due to their exceptional thermal, mechanical, electronic, and catalytic properties. Carbon nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors have been employed for the detection of various analytes with rapid electron transfer kinetics. This feature article focuses on the recent design and use of carbon nanomaterials, primarily single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), SWCNTs-rGO, Au nanoparticle-rGO nanocomposites, and buckypaper as sensing materials for the electrochemical detection of some representative biological and pharmaceutical compounds such as methylglyoxal, acetaminophen, valacyclovir, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NADH), and glucose. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of SWCNTs, rGO, and SWCNT-rGO for the detection of acetaminophen and valacyclovir was comparatively studied, revealing that SWCNT-rGO nanocomposites possess excellent electrocatalytic activity in comparison to individual SWCNT and rGO platforms. The sensitive, reliable and rapid analysis of critical disease biomarkers and globally emerging pharmaceutical compounds at carbon nanomaterials based electrochemical sensor platforms may enable an extensive range of applications in preemptive medical diagnostics.
Preliminary Results with Abrasion Arthroplasty in the Osteoarthritic Knee (1984)

A retrospective survey of 110 patients treated by arthroscopic debridement of the knee joint was conducted; 73 of 100 operations included abrasion arthroplasty. The average follow-up period was one year. All patients had Grade IV articular changes. Overall, 60% of the patients who underwent abrasion arthroplasty showed improvement, while the knee was unchanged in 34% and worse in 6%. The results were best in patients younger than 40 years of age. Forty-one patients had medial compartment abrasion in concert with pathologic medial meniscal conditions; 53% of these patients were improved. In a comparable group of 37 patients treated by medial compartment debridement and medial meniscectomy without abrasion only 32% showed improvement. Thus, tentative results in this small series of patients treated by abrasion arthroplasty are encouraging. Further investigations in a larger series are warranted to determine the long-term results of the procedure.
Off-odor of Strawberry by Freezing (1982)

Deterioration of aroma of strawberry sometimes occurs immediately following freezing and develops during subsequent frozen storage. This paper reports the feature of this phenomena using 2 cultivars of ‘Donner’ and ‘Hoko-wase’. The berries were frozen and stored at -20°C. The off-odor was detected after 1 day of frozen storage by taste panel and strongest after 1 month storage in ‘Donner’, while ‘Hoko-wase’, the off-odor was not so notable as in ‘Donner’, showing the highest score after 1 week of frozen storage. Longer storage reduced both the off-odor and natural fragrance. Volatiles emanated from fresh and frozen-thawed strawberries were trapped and determined. Esters, dominant compounds in fresh berries, were hardly detected in frozen-thawed berries, while carbonyl compound(s) kept the same level with fresh berries. Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and polar lipids extracted from frozen strawberries was quite similer to that of fresh berries. Evidence of lipid degradation causing an increase of free fatty acid was not obtained on thin layer chromatogram.It is thus supposed that the off-odor in frozen strawberry may be a consequence of unbalance of volatiles revealing undesirable odor which is masked in fresh berries.
Polymeric prodrug combination to exploit the therapeutic potential of antimicrobial peptides against cancer cells (2016)

Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) have unique anticancer properties, but their clinical application is currently limited by an inadequate margin of safety. A prodrug strategy associated with a combination therapy approach could address this limitation by increasing their therapeutic index and their efficacy. Accordingly, the first targeted anticancer polymeric prodrug candidates of AMPs, intended for combination therapy with another polymeric prodrug of an approved antineoplastic agent (doxorubicin), were synthesized as either a PEG-based dual-release prodrug or two individual pegylated prodrugs. The latter are based on a cathepsin B-labile peptide linker and an acid-sensitive acyl hydrazone bond for the AMP and doxorubicin prodrugs, respectively. Anticancer activities and toxicity differentials achieved with the free peptide and its polymer conjugates against ovarian, cancer and non-malignant, cells, indicate that protease-dependent reversible pegylation could be implemented to increase the therapeutic indices of AMPs in cancer therapy. The results obtained also show that this approach can be developed if the releasable PEG linker can be optimised to conciliate the attributes and restrictions of pegylation against proteases. In addition, combination of the polymeric prodrugs of the AMP and of doxorubicin provides additive antitumor effects which could be exploited to enhance the efficacy of the AMP candidate.
Metrological accuracy of the electron pump (1994)

We have operated a five-junction electron pump with an error for transferring electrons of approximately 0.5 part per ${10}^{6}$. The error predicted from existing theory is several orders of magnitude smaller, thus implying that our present understanding of the Coulomb blockade is incomplete. We conjecture that the errors arise from photon-assisted tunneling, where the photon energy is supplied by noise from the environment.
A Dynamic Sampling Approach for Cost Reduction in Semiconductor Manufacturing (2018)

In semiconductor manufacturing, metrology is generally a high cost, non-value added operation that impacts significantly on cycle time. As such, reducing wafer metrology continues to be a major target in semiconductor manufacturing efficiency initiatives. Data-driven spatial dynamic sampling methodologies are here compared. Such strategies aim at minimizing the number of sites that need to be measured across a wafer surface while maintaining an acceptable level of wafer profile reconstruction accuracy. The Spatial Dynamic Sampling approaches are based on analyzing historical metrology data to determine, from a set of candidate wafer sites, the minimum set of sites that need to be monitored in order to reconstruct the full wafer profile using statistical regression techniques. Spatial Dynamic sampling is then implemented in various strategies that guarantee coverage of all the possible sites in a given set of process iteration. In this way, the risk of not detecting previously unseen process behavior is mitigated. In this work, we demonstrate the efficacy of spatial dynamic sampling methodologies using both simulation studies and metrology data from a semiconductor manufacturing process.
Midwave infrared stimulated emission from a GaInSb/InAs superlattice (1995)

Use of a cracked Sb source and a postgrowth anneal procedure has been found to yield significant improvements in optical efficiencies of GaInSb/InAs superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Appreciable 5 μm band-to-band luminescence has been observed at room temperature, and stimulated emission at 3.2 μm has been demonstrated in an optically pumped structure. Intrinsic properties of this class of superlattices favor them for application as efficient infrared lasers operating at comparatively high temperatures.
Competitive Formation of Polymer−Cyclodextrin Inclusion Compounds (2003)

The hydrophobicity of the guest polymer and also the geometrical compatibility between guest polymer cross section and cavity diameter of the host cyclodextrin (CD) play important roles in the formation of inclusion compounds (ICs) between a mixture of one or two guest polymers with one or two different types of CDs, respectively. Specific polymer−CD interactions can be distinguished when, for example, polymer A−CD IC crystals are suspended in a solution containing polymer B, and a polymer B for polymer A exchange occurs, without CD−IC dissolution, during formation of polymer B−CD IC. When using the polymer pair poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), we have observed that PLLA−α-CD IC is completely converted to PCL−α-CD IC, while the reverse polymer transfer is almost completely prohibited. α-CD host molecules also preferentially included PCL chains from a common PCL/PLLA solution. In addition, observation of the transfer of PCL from PCL−γ-CD IC crystals suspended in a solution containing α-CD to form PCL−α-CD IC crystals now suspended in a solution containing γ-CD, while not observing the reverse transfer, has implications for the relative strength of polymer ↔ polymer and polymer ↔ CD interactions. Single and pairs of side-by-side parallel PCL chains occupy the channels of PCL−α-CD IC and PCL−γ-CD IC crystals, respectively, so our observations suggest that interactions between included PCL chains, which are only possible in PCL−γ-CD IC, do not lead to an increased stability for polymer−CD ICs.
A Finite Element Method for Deformable Models (1989)

Deformable models of elastic structures have been proposed for use in image analysis. Previous work has used a variational approach, based on the EulerLagrange theory. In this paper an alternative mathematical treatment is introduced, based on a direct minimisation of the underlying energy integral using the Finite Element Method. The method is outlined and demonstrated, and its principal advantages for modelbased image interpretation are explained.
EPILEPSY: A PAROXYSMAL CEREBRAL DYSRHYTHMIA (1937)

Journal Article EPILEPSY: A PAROXYSMAL CEREBRAL DYSRHYTHMIA Get access F. A. GIBBS, F. A. GIBBS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. L. GIBBS, E. L. GIBBS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. G. LENNOX W. G. LENNOX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 60, Issue 4, December 1937, Pages 377–388, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/60.4.377 Published: 01 December 1937
Complementation of areA- regulatory gene mutations of Aspergillus nidulans by the heterologous regulatory gene nit-2 of Neurospora crassa. (1987)

Loss-of-function mutations in the regulatory gene areA of Aspergillus nidulans prevent the utilization of a wide variety of nitrogen sources. The phenotypes of nit-2 mutants of Neurospora crassa suggest that this gene may be analogous to the areA gene. Transformation has been used to introduce a plasmid containing the nit-2 gene into A. nidulans. The nit-2 gene of Neurospora complemented mutations in the areA gene, restoring the ability to use a variety of nitrogen sources. This indicated that the activator function of nit-2 and areA gene products was retained across these two fungal species. Southern blot analysis revealed both single-copy and multicopy integrations and, in at least one case, integration appeared to generate a nit-2 mutation. Integration of the transforming plasmid appeared to be by nonhomologous events at a number of different sites in the Aspergillus genome. The transformants were less sensitive to nitrogen-metabolite repression of extracellular protease activity and nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.3) than were wild-type A. nidulans. This indicated that nitrogen control was not completely normal in the nit-2 transformants.
Locality-aware connection management and rank assignment for wide-area MPI (2007)

We propose locality and application-aware connection management and rank assignment schemes for wide area message passing systems. Using our connection management scheme on 256 processors in 4 clusters, the NAS Parallel Benchmarks ran with no performance penalty with as few as 10% of the connections. Moreover, our rank assignment scheme wasable to find assignments that resulted in up to 160% better performance than locality and application-unaware assignments.
Genetic and molecular analysis of the C.elegans cell survival gene ced-9 (1994)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 1994.
Fabrication of Microcone Array for Antireflection Structured Surface Using Metal Dotted Pattern (2001)

An antireflection surface with sub-wavelength structure has been successfully fabricated on a fused silica substrate. The fabricated antireflection structured surface consists of a microcone array of fused silica with a period shorter than the wavelengths of visible light. The microcone array is made by a reactive ion etching method using fluorocarbon plasma. A microdisk array of chromium thin film, formed by an electron-beam lithography and lift-off process, is used as the etching mask. Since an electric field induced near the substrate was focused on the edges of the metal disks, these disks gradually shrank. Consequently, a conical shape was formed. The fabricated cone array has a period of 250 nm and a height of 750 nm. Measured reflectivity of the antireflection structured surface is less than 0.5% in the wavelength range of 400–800 nm for normal incidence.
Facile synthesis, characterization, and potential applications of two kinds of polymeric pH indicators: Phenolphthalein formaldehyde and <i>o</i>‐cresolphthalein formaldehyde (2005)

Abstract Two kinds of applicable polymeric pH indicators were synthesized by the reaction of phenolphthalein and o ‐cresolphthalein with formaldehyde under alkaline conditions by a one‐pot method. The synthesized products were fully characterized with Fourier transform infrared, 1 H NMR, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The results indicated that the reaction was a typical phenol formaldehyde reaction. The dosage of formaldehyde and the reaction time were well controlled to obtain soluble polymers, instead of crosslinked products. The polymeric‐pH‐indicator‐immobilized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes were easily fabricated and had good long‐term stability under highly basic conditions and a fast equilibrium response. Moreover, the phenolphthalein formaldehyde immobilized PVA membrane had a linear response from pH 10.0 to 14.0, and so it has promise as a optical transducer for high pH value determinations. The o ‐cresolphthalein formaldehyde immobilized PVA membrane had a nonlinear response from pH 9.0 to 13.0. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1019–1027, 2005
Cladistic Analysis: Its Applications in Association Studies of Complex Diseases (2000)

In the absence of methods that can recognise the complexity of the genotype organization, and given its ability to exploit evolutionary information for optimising the analytical strategy, cladistic analysis would be a method of choice for studying multi-loci effects on a quantitative trait or disease outcome.
Tomato Exo-(1->4)-[beta]-D-Galactanase (Isolation, Changes during Ripening in Normal and Mutant Tomato Fruit, and Characterization of a Related cDNA Clone) (1995)

An exo-(1-->4)-beta-D-galactanase was isolated from ripe tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Ailsa Craig and cv Better Boy) using anion-exchange, gel filtration, and cation-exchange chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the most active fraction revealed a predominant protein band at 75 kD and several minor bands. A 30-amino acid N-terminal sequence from this 75-kD protein showed a high degree of homology with other recently identified beta-galactosidase/ galactanase proteins from persimmon and apple fruits (I.-K. Kang, S.-G. Suh, K.C. Gross, J.-K. Byun [1994] Plant Physiol 105: 975-979; G.S. Ross, T. Wegrzyn, E.A. MacRae, R.J. Redgwell [1994] Plant Physiol 106: 521-528) and with the predicted polypeptide sequence encoded by the ethylene-regulated SR12 gene in carnation (K.G. Raghothama, K.A. Lawton, P.B. Goldsbrough, W.R. Woodson [1991] Plant Mol Biol 17: 61-71). The enzyme focused to a single band of beta-galactosidase activity on an isoelectrofocusing gel at pH 9.8. The enzyme was specific for (1-->4)-beta-D-galactan substrates with a pH optimum of 4.5. The only reaction product detected was monomeric galactose, indicating that the enzyme was an exo (1-->4)-beta-D-galactanase. beta-Galactanase activity increased at the onset of ripening in normal fruit, but no similar increase was detected in the nonripening mutants nor and rin. A tomato homolog (pTombetagal1) was isolated using the SR12 cDNA clone from carnation as a probe. This clone showed 73% identify at the amino acid level with beta-galactosidase-related sequences from apple and asparagus and 66% identity with SR12. pTombetagal1 is a member of a gene family. Northern analysis demonstrated that pTombetagal1 expression was ripening related in normal fruits, with lower levels apparent in the nonsoftening mutants.
Phenylpropanoid pathway intermediates regulate transient expression of a chalcone synthase gene promoter. (1991)

A chimeric gene construct containing a bean chalcone synthase (CHS) promoter fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene was strongly expressed when electroporated into alfalfa protoplasts that were then exposed to a fungal elicitor. Low concentrations (5 x 10(-6) to 10(-4) M) of exogenously applied trans-cinnamic acid (CA), the first intermediate of the phenylpropanoid pathway, slightly stimulated elicitor-induced CAT expression, whereas high concentrations (greater than 10(-4) M) severely reduced expression to below the levels observed in the absence of elicitor. In contrast, trans-p-coumaric acid (4-CA, the second intermediate in the pathway) stimulated expression from the CHS promoter up to 4.5-fold at 5 x 10(-4) M. Expression of CAT driven by the promoters of other elicitor-inducible defense response genes was not markedly affected by CA or 4-CA. Stimulation of CHS promoter expression by low concentrations of CA and 4-CA was completely abolished by 5' deletion to position -130, but not -174. When the -180 to -130 region of the CHS15 promoter was coelectroporated into elicited protoplasts on a separate plasmid along with the intact -326 CHS-CAT construct, the decreased CAT expression as a function of CA or 4-CA concentration was consistent with the coelectroporated sequence competing in trans with the intact promoter for the binding of a factor(s) involved in the up regulation of CHS transcription by 4-CA and low concentrations of CA. Our data support the hypothesis that phenylpropanoid compounds may act as natural and specific regulators of plant gene expression and define the location of a cis-acting element in the CHS15 promoter involved in the induction by phenylpropanoid pathway intermediates.
A Texture-Based Image Processing Approach for the Description of Human Oocyte Cytoplasm (2010)

The purpose of this paper is to develop a diagnostic tool that can analyze light microscope images of human oocytes and derive a description of the oocyte cytoplasm that is useful for quality assessment in assisted insemination. The proposed approach includes three main phases: 1) segmentation; 2) feature extraction; and 3) clustering. In the segmentation phase, a region of interest inside the cytoplasm is extracted through morphological operators and the Hough transform. In the second phase, regions that result from segmentation are processed through a multiresolution texture analysis to extract a set of features that describe different levels of cytoplasm granularity. To this aim, we evaluate some statistics in the Haar wavelet transform domain. Finally, the extracted features are used to cluster oocytes according to different levels of granularity. This approach is made by fuzzy clustering. Experimental results on a collection of microscope images of oocytes are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. In addition, comparison with alternative methods for feature extraction and clustering is performed.
Chemical analysis in the submillimetre spectral region with a compact solid state system (2006)

A new analytical system that uses the rotational signatures of gas phase molecules is described and demonstrated. It uses a solid state source to probe molecular systems in the millimetre and submillimetre wave range, the only region of the electromagnetic spectrum not yet used extensively for analytical purposes. It employs the FAst Scan Submillimetre Spectroscopy Technique (FASSST), which leads to an especially simple system architecture. Among the attributes of the system are generality, sensitivity, 'absolute' specificity, small size, simplicity, and the potential for very low cost. Applications to problems of analytical interest are also discussed.
Testing switched Ethernet networks in automotive embedded systems (2011)

Ethernet is currently being discussed within the automotive community to become a general network technology for interconnecting future distributed automotive systems. If this is the case, a complete tool chain will be necessary to support developers to implement their functions. One important component is the availability of tools to monitor, generate, manipulate, and simulate traffic in distributed embedded systems. Today's established communication technologies like LIN, CAN, or FlexRay have the enormous advantage to be based on a physical shared medium which makes it relatively easy to add an additional test device to a network under test. This paper describes an approach to implement such a test device for switched Ethernet networks, presents performance measurements of our implemented Ethernet-Test-Switch, and introduces a concept to integrate simulated and existing devices with each other.
Blockchain Basics: A Non-Technical Introduction in 25 Steps (2017)

In 25 concise steps, you will learn the basics of blockchain technology. No mathematical formulas, program code, or computer science jargon are used.No previous knowledge in computer science, mathematics, programming, or cryptography is required. Terminology is explained through pictures, analogies, and metaphors.. This book bridges the gap that exists between purely technical books about the blockchain and purely business-focused books. It does so by explaining both the technical concepts that make up the blockchain and their role in business-relevant applications. What You Will Learn: What the blockchain is Why it is needed and what problem it solves Why there is so much excitement about the blockchain and its potential Major components and their purpose How components work and interact Limitations, why they exist, and what has been done to overcome them Major application scenarios.