gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable Interactive Cutting of Deformable Objects (2006)

In this paper we present a novel approach for stable interactive cutting of deformable objects in virtual environments. Our method is based on the extended finite elements method, allowing for a modeling of discontinuities without remeshing. As no new elements are created, the impact on performance of the simulation is minimized.
Cells of Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) that Differentiate from G2 Phase Have Extrachromosomal DNA (1982)

Velocity sedimentation in an alkaline sucrose gradient of newly replicated chromosomal DNA revealed the presence of extrachromosomal DNA that was not replicated by differentiating cells in the elongation zone. The extrachromosomal DNA had a number average molecular weight of 12 X 10(6) to 15 X 10(6) and a weight average molecular weight of 25 X 10(6), corresponding to about 26 X 10(6) and 50 X 10(6) daltons, respectively, of double-stranded DNA. The molecules were stable, lasting at least 72 h after being formed. Concurrent measurements by velocity sedimentation, autoradiography, and cytophotometry of isolated nuclei indicated that the extrachromosomal molecules were associated with root-tip cells that stopped dividing and differentiated from G2 phase but not with those that stopped dividing and differentiated from G1 phase.
Bone Mass in Primary Coxarthrosis (1979)

The bone mineral content was measured by gamma absorptiometry at two levels on the forearms, proximally on the shafts and distally close to the wrist, in 53 cases of primary coxarthrosis. The bone mineral content at the distal measuring site, representing trabecular bone, was increased in coxarthrosis cases as compared with normal controls; the difference was significant only in women. At the proximal measuring site, representing cortical bone, there was no significant difference. The findings support the concept of impairment of the resilience of the juxta-articular trabecular bone as one factor contributing to the pathogenesis of arthrosis.
Tail current noise suppression in RF CMOS VCOs (2002)

This paper presents the experimental results of two different techniques, inductive degeneration and capacitive filtering, for reducing the phase noise in tail-biased RF CMOS voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). Both techniques prevent the low-frequency tail current noise from being converted into phase noise. The techniques are applied to two distinct VCO designs, showing that the largest phase noise reduction (up to 6-7 dB at 3-MHz offset frequency from the carrier) is achieved via inductive degeneration. Capacitive filtering, however, also substantially reduces the phase noise at high offset frequencies and may therefore become a valid alternative to inductive degeneration, as discrete capacitors are of more common use than discrete inductors.
BDS: a BDD-based logic optimization system (2002)

This paper describes a novel logic decomposition theory and a practical logic synthesis system, BDS. It is based on a new binary decision diagrams (BDD) decomposition technique which supports all types of decomposition structures, including AND, OR, XOR, and complex MUX, both algebraic and Boolean. As a result, the method is very efficient in synthesizing both AND/OR and XOR-intensive functions. It also has a capability to handle very large circuits, as it employs the BDD decomposition in the partitioned Boolean network environment. The experimental results show that BDD-based logic decomposition is a promising alternative to the existing logic optimization approaches. In particular, it offers a superior runtime advantage over traditional logic synthesis systems.
Built-in electric field enhancement/retardation on intermixing (2007)

The built-in electric field may impose a drift on charged point defects and may thus enhance or retard the intermixing during annealing. Electric field is built-in near the surface due to the pinning of surface Fermi level after argon plasma treatment on InP surfaces of InP∕InGaAs quantum well samples. Subsequent annealing leads to different intermixing results due to the different field directions on InP cap layers in different doping types. Experiments also showed different influences of the built-in field on the two sublattices largely due to different charge numbers of point defects on the respective sublattices.
[Evaluation as the administrative arm of family planning]. (1989)

Statistics and supervision are the basis of evaluating family planning programs (FPP), while sustaining the administration of the program on a day-to-day basis. Statistics permit administrators to diagnose and treat the problems found in FPP administration. A good administrator of FPP must know in the beginning of the year what will occur 12 months later. This knowledge assures the availability of funds, personnel and good management practices. PROFAMILIA of Colombia is used as an example of a private FP organization that is addicted to the collection and analysis of data for its operation. This institution has a very complete statistical base for its 48 clinics nationwide, its 3 basic programs, and its 18 grants from 16 donors. Reports are never more than 1 month behind, reflecting the philosophy of the institution. (Author's modified).
The performance of trellis-coded MDPSK with multiple symbol detection (1990)

The idea of using a multiple (more than two) symbol observation interval to improve error probability performance is applied to differential detection of trellis-coded multiple phase-shift keying (MPSK) over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. An equivalent Euclidean distance measure per trellis branch is determined for this detection scheme. This is used to define an augmented (larger multiplicity) trellis code whose distance measure is the conventional squared Euclidean distance typical of conventional trellis-coded modulation on the AWGN. Such an augmented multiple trellis code is a convenient mathematical tool for simplifying the analysis. Results are obtained by a combination of analysis and computer simulation. It is shown that only a slight increase (e.g. one symbol) in the length of the observation interval will provide a significant improvement in bit error probability performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
La régénération osseuse guidée : résultats, limites et perspectives (2013)

Le grand défi en implantologie est d’obtenir des résultats stables et satisfaisants tant sur le plan esthétique que fonctionnel. Afin d’atteindre ce but, la création d’un volume osseux suffisant avant ou durant la pose des implants est devenue une règle incontournable chaque fois que le chirurgien dentiste est face à un défaut osseux péri-implantaire. La technique de régénération osseuse guidée (ROG) est la plus documentée dans la littérature et ses résultats en termes d’augmentation du volume osseux tel qu’ils seront analysés dans notre article montrent une fiabilité et un succès à long terme. Toutefois, comme pour toute technique la ROG a certaines limites et peut être malmenée par certains échecs. Les différents types de membrane et de substituts osseux utilisés dans cette technique seront présentés dans cet article et illustrés par trois cas cliniques.
Herbicidal 1-(2,4-Dihalo-5-phenoxyphenyl)-4-difluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolin-5(1<i>H</i>)-one Derivatives (1995)

1-(2,4-Dihalo-5-phenoxyphenyl)-4-difluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolin-5(1H)-ones 1 are a new class of highly active postemergence herbicides. The mechanism of action was found to involve inhibition of the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase which results in the buildup of a photodynamic toxicant, protoporphyrin IX. When compounds 1 were applied postemergence they provided excellent weed control at 7-15 grams/hectare. These herbicides were designed to act as substrate inhibitors of tetrapyrrole-handling enzymes in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway by mimicking the three ring-propionate portion of the tetrapyrrole molecule. Synthesis, biological properties, and SAR are discussed.
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2004)

“Prescription for a healthy journal: take monthly, at no cost; reaches six billion.” These are the heady first words written by the editors of PLoS Medicine, which hit our screens for the first time this month. This first issue, with its fascinating variety of commentary, essays, and original research, is about as good as it gets for a global medical journal. With science and research at the core of the journal, the editors have tackled head on the problems that cause a huge disease burden worldwide, with accessible articles about public health and the latest in molecular research in clinical disease and immunology.

Health problems and their solutions need research that ranges from the test tube to debates about the political context of care delivery. This journal encompasses them all in a truly international context. In this issue Bernard Pecoul writes about an initiative to improve the pipeline for new drugs for neglected diseases, such as sleeping sickness. Ann Taket and colleagues debate the evidence for whether health professionals screen all women for domestic violence. Dingle Spence from Kingston, Jamaica, and colleagues from Kampala and Kigali highlight the need for palliative care in Africa and the Caribbean. And Helene Arentz-Hansen and colleagues report research on the molecular basis for oat intolerance in people with coeliac disease. Other exciting columns are planned, such as “research in translation”—a refreshing innovation for a medical journal.

The internet is a great leveller. With immediate and free global access PLoS Medicine overcomes the iniquities of subscription based journals for people in developing countries. We have personal experience of this: when, with colleagues in Thailand, we were writing a systematic review on snake bite treatment we were able to access a paper in the BMJ just 10 minutes after it had been published, before anyone in the United Kingdom had woken up. Better access reduces power imbalance and helps global ownership; and open access publishing addresses head on the problem of user subscription charges. The Health InterNetwork access to research initiative has done much to overcome this problem for some journals for readers in registered institutions, but the initiative does not cover all countries and readers.

And what of connectivity? Is web access really an option for a doctor in Nigeria, for example? Over the last five years internet access in many countries has increased massively through commercial providers and institutional networks. Although connection charges can be costly, access seems to be getting better all the time and is often more certain, immediate, and cheaper than paper based distribution.

Journals are about engaging the reader, and this first issue of PLoS Medicine does just that. The journal has a clear mission to encourage research and comment that addresses the global burden of disease, the core values of medicine. Let us hope the editors and contributors ensure that subsequent issues are as good as the first.
Constrained-storage vector quantization in high fidelity audio transform coding (1991)

The concept and design methods for efficient use of vector quantization (VQ) in high-fidelity audio coding are presented. It is demonstrated that with constrained-storage VQ (CSVQ), tree-structured codebooks can be constructed for very high rates without incurring an exponential growth in storage complexity and without impairing the rate-distortion performance. Nonlinear interpolative VQ allows efficient coding of the power envelope needed for transform-coefficient normalization and adaptive distortion assignment. These techniques lead to a substantial reduction in the overall bit rate and codebook storage for the audio coder.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immunogenicity : proceedings of a UCLA Symposium held at Steamboat Springs, Colorado, January 21-28, 1989 (1990)

Partial table of contents: ANTIGEN UPTAKE AND PROCESSING Where Do Antigens Associate with MHC Class I Molecules? (J. Yewdell, et al.) THE GENERATION OF AN IMMUNOGENIC LIGAND Effects of Peptide Competition on Antigen Presentation (L. Adorini, et al.) T CELL RECOGNITION OF ANTIGEN: MHC COMPLEXES The Role of CD4 in T Cell Activation (S. Goldman, et al.) TRANSMEMBRANE SIGNALING IN LYMPHOCYTES Regulation of Cytoplasmic Calcium Concentration in T Cells (J. Ledbetter, et al.) THE ROLE OF THE ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL IN IMMUNOGENICITY Dendritic Cells: Nature's Adjuvant (R. Steinman, et al.) TOLERANCE: THE INACTIVATION OF LYMPHOCYTES BY SPECIFIC LIGAND Transgenic Model for Tissue Specific Antigens: Tolerance and Clonal Anergy (D. Lo, et al.) THE GENERATION AND PERSISTENCE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY Immunological Memory: Longlived Cells or Longlived Antigen? (D. Gray) IMMUNOGENICITY IN DISEASE Workshop on Immunogenicity in Infectious Diseases (P. Doherty & S. Kaufmann) SYSTEMS QUESTIONS IN IMMUNOGENICITY Distinct Antigen Presenting Cells for Activation of Suppressor and Contrasuppressor T Cells (H. Braley-Mullen) Index.
Maturation of Parvovirus LuIII in a Subcellular System. I. Optimal Conditions for in vitro Synthesis and Encapsidation of Viral DNA (1983)

The development of an in vitro system prepared by lysis of LuIII virus-infected cells with Brij-58 has enabled the study of the assembly pathway of a parvovirus. Under optimal conditions, radioactive precursors are incorporated both into viral replicative form double-stranded DNA and into progeny viral DNA (vDNA) during pulses as short as 30 s. Labelled 110S particles can be isolated at the end of such pulses. Therefore, synthesis and encapsidation of progeny viral DNA into pre-existing empty viral capsids appear to be closely related processes. Up to about 10 min after incorporation of vDNA, the 110S particles band at 1.44 g/ml and are relatively unstable in 3.5 M-CsCl. Moreover, newly synthesized vDNA molecules show an abnormal electrophoretic behaviour probably due to the presence of a covalently linked terminal protein. This so far uncharacterized alkali-stable polypeptide is lost (cleaved off?) concomitant with the maturation of the 110S virus particles. Maturation is reflected by a change in the virus stability in CsCl and a shift in density from 1.44 to 1.41 g/ml around 10 to 15 min after encapsidation of progeny vDNA.
Electrostatic Precipitation of Carbon Soot from Diesel Engine Exhaust (1983)

A moving belt-type electrostatic precipitator (MBEP) has been developed for the control of diesel engine particulates. It indicates 95-percent collection performance for soot with 1-μm mass- median diameter (MMD) when used in combination with a pre- agglomeration system consisting of a precharger and a parallel-plane collector. The insulators supporting the discharge electrode were located outside the precipitator so that they were not subjected to soot contamination. The very fluffy conductive soot collected on the moving belt was brought to the rollers where it was pressed and scraped off. The soot deposition on the discharge electrode could be corrected by using a fishbonelike multineedle discharge electrode. Very active coronas from its sharp needle points produced a remarkable self-cleaning effect by corona-induced oxidation of the soot.
Recombinant von Willebrand factor: a first-of-its-kind product forvon Willebrand disease (2016)

von Willebrand disease (VWD) is caused by quantitative or qualitative defects in von Willebrand factor (VWF). The mainstay of therapy is desmopressin, which is, however, not useful in certain forms of VWD notwithstanding adverse events. For these patients, plasma-derived factor VIII (pdFVIII)/VWF concentrates have been available for close to three decades but have a theoretical risk of disease transmission, hypersensitivity/allergic reactions, inhibitors and thrombosis. A recombinant VWF (vonicog alfa, Vonvendi™; manufactured by Baxalta, now part of Shire) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2015. This review will survey the literature based on a MEDLINE review on the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of Vonvendi. It will also summarize the ongoing studies on Vonvendi available in the public domain. Vonvendi may have an important role in the management of VWD. However, more studies are needed, especially in special populations such as surgical patients, patients with major gastrointestinal bleeding from arteriovenous malformations and pregnant women and children, who are most likely to benefit from it.
Staphylococcus aureus Survives in Cystic Fibrosis Macrophages, Forming a Reservoir for Chronic Pneumonia (2017)

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> plays an important role in sepsis, pneumonia, wound infections, and cystic fibrosis (CF), which is caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (<i>Cftr</i>). Pulmonary <i>S. aureus</i> infections in CF often occur very early and prior to colonization with other pathogens, in particular <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Here, we demonstrate that CF mice are highly susceptible to pulmonary infections with <i>S. aureus</i> and fail to clear the pathogen during infection. <i>S. aureus</i> is internalized by <i>Cftr</i>-deficient macrophages in the lung, but these macrophages are unable to kill intracellular bacteria. This failure might be caused by a defect in the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes, while this process occurs rapidly in wild-type macrophages and serves to kill intracellular pathogens. Transplantation of infected <i>Cftr</i>-deficient alveolar macrophages into the lungs of noninfected CF mice is sufficient to induce pneumonia. This suggests that intracellular survival of <i>S. aureus</i> in macrophages may allow the pathogen to chronically infect CF lungs.
Interior spruce seedlings compared with emblings produced from somatic embryogenesis. I. Nursery development, fall acclimation, and over-winter storage (1994)

Interior spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss × Piceaengelmannii Parry) seedlings and emblings (plants produced via somatic embryogenesis tissue culture) were grown as container 1 + 0 plants. Seedling and embling morphological development was monitored during the growing season. Needle freezing tolerance, days to terminal bud break (DBB 1 ), root growth capacity (RGC), and shoot dry weight fraction (DWF) were monitored during the fall and in frozen storage. Emblings had slower height, diameter, and root growth rates during the initial 2.5 months in the nursery. Thereafter, seedlings and emblings had equal height growth rate, while emblings had greater diameter and root growth rates. At the end of the growing season, seedlings and emblings, respectively, had 23.8 and 14.2 cm shoot height, 4.0 and 3.4 mm diameter, and 0.81 and 0.80 g root dry weight. During the fall, DBB 1 of both seedlings and emblings decreased, with emblings having a more rapid decrease. Both seedlings and emblings showed a similar increase in freezing tolerance. Emblings had a greater increase in DWF. During the fall, RGC decreased then increased, with seedlings displaying a greater increase than emblings. While in frozen storage, seedlings and emblings maintained a low DBB 1 , and a high RGC and DWF. Freezing tolerance decreased while in frozen storage, with the loss more pronounced among seedlings. A degree growth stage model describes the first year cycle of development for seedlings and emblings. Results indicate that seedlings and emblings have slightly different patterns of first year growth and fall acclimation. However, both seedlings and emblings were at the end of rest when lifted for frozen storage.
The threat and prospects for control of an influenza pandemic (2004)

Influenza constitutes the most widespread and significant respiratory infectious disease in the world, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality and economic loss each epidemic year. Pandemic influenza is a worldwide epidemic usually caused by a new virus variant to which the majority of the population has no immunity. As demonstrated in the devastating pandemic of 1918 to 1919, a pandemic virus may infect 30 to 50% of the worlds population and kill 1 to 2% of those infected. Pandemic control must be a concerted and co-ordinated world strategy and under the auspices of the World Health Organization, pandemic preparedness plans have been formulated, including: intensified surveillance for more rapid identification of new reassortant viruses with potential human virulence and infectivity, laboratory characterization of the new viruses so that vaccine may be prepared, development of techniques for more rapid vaccine production and the manufacture and stock piling of antiviral drugs. The H5N1 outbreak of virulent chicken influenza in 1997 in Hong Kong which resulted in the deaths of six of 18 infected persons serves as a wake-up call. Should such a virus attain high transmissibility in humans, a pandemic of tragic proportions might ensue. Even though the timing of onset of the next pandemic cannot be precisely predicted, world governments must understand the urgency of the problem and increase funding for influenza pandemic control.
Blade counting tool with a 3D borescope for turbine applications (2014)

Video borescopes are widely used for turbine and aviation engine inspection to guarantee the health of blades and prevent blade failure during running. When the moving components of a turbine engine are inspected with a video borescope, the operator must view every blade in a given stage. The blade counting tool is video interpretation software that runs simultaneously in the background during inspection. It identifies moving turbine blades in a video stream, tracks and counts the blades as they move across the screen. This approach includes blade detection to identify blades in different inspection scenarios and blade tracking to perceive blade movement even in hand-turning engine inspections. The software is able to label each blade by comparing counting results to a known blade count for the engine type and stage. On-screen indications show the borescope user labels for each blade and how many blades have been viewed as the turbine is rotated.
A 10G linear burst-mode receiver supporting electronic dispersion compensation for extended-reach optical links (2011)

We present a novel 10G linear burst-mode receiver (LBMRx). Equipped with a PIN photodiode, a high sensitivity of -22.7 dBm (bit-error rate: 1.1x10(-3)) was achieved when handling bursts with a dynamic range of 22.7 dB (each -22.7 dBm burst was preceded by a 0 dBm burst). The LBMRx requires a 150 ns preamble for fast gain adjustment at the start of each burst and can handle bursts separated by a guard time as short as 25.6 ns. With electronic dispersion compensation, 3400 ps/nm (200 km) chromatic dispersion can be tolerated at 2dB penalty in ASE-impaired links using C-band electro-absorption modulators.
ULP: A Location Platform That Can Handle Multiple Location Representations (2008)

Location based services attract a great deal of attention. Existing location based service, however, rely on the dedicated positioning devices and location representations although people use several kinds of location representations such as the room number, the shop name, and latitude/longitude. This paper proposes universal location platform (ULP), a location platform that can handle any kinds of positioning devices and multiple location representations. In addition, a user can define a new location representation. Since ULP employs REST and XML in its communication, applications can easily use ULP. ULP was implemented in PHP. Fundamental performance of our implementation is also shown.