gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of direct-sequence spread-spectrum RAKE receivers with random spreading sequences (1997)

In this paper, we derive error probability expressions for binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) spread direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) systems employing random spreading sequences with RAKE receivers. The derived expressions accurately take into account the effect of interpath interference which usually has been neglected in previous analyses. Selection, equal gain, and maximal ratio techniques are considered for diversity combining. Two possible finger assignment strategies, one based on the instantaneous amplitudes and another based on the average powers of the multipath components, are considered for the assignment of multipath components to the available demodulating fingers in the RAKE receiver. Also, various simple, and in many cases, closed-form approximations for the error probabilities are derived and their accuracies are assessed.
Transient Receptor Potential A1 Modulators (2011)

TRPA1 is a member of a superfamily of non-selective cation channels that is known to be involved in multiple physiological functions. TRPA1 is activated by a broad spectrum of chemical irritants and endogenous inflammatory compounds. An emerging role for TRPA1 in mediating pain and inflammation raises the possibility that compounds targeting TRPA1 might have significant therapeutic potential. This review discusses the broad classes of molecules that are known to act as agonists and antagonists of TRPA1 towards the aim of providing an overview of the structure and activity of TRPA1 modulators.
Molecular profile of organ culture-stored corneal epithelium: Lgr5 is a potential new phenotypic marker of residual human corneal limbal epithelial stem cells (2012)

Long-term preservation of corneal limbal epithelium may decrease its quality and change the molecular signature of the limbal epithelial stem cells. In this study we have investigated the molecular profile of isolated corneal epithelial cells that have been in storage for an extended time. Isolated cells were characterised by the expression profile of different cytokeratins and markers of squamous metaplasia (vimentin and α‑actin). Furthermore, we examined global markers of adult stem cells including p63α and ABCG2 but also LGR5 as a novel stem cell marker. Immunocytochemical staining and PCR analysis of p63α, ABCG2 and LGR5 revealed the existence of side-population cells with a stem-cell phenotype and maintenance of corneal limbal stem cell properties. LGR5 expression can be related to cellular stemness and can be considered as a new phenotypic marker of residual human corneal limbal stem cells. However, the existence of CK10 together with co-expressed α-actin and vimentin suggests that the corneas investigated were under oxidative stress and showed evidence of squamous metaplasia.
Security certification and labelling in Internet of Things (2016)

In recent years, security and privacy aspects of IoT have received considerable attention from the industry and research communities. Because IoT will be more pervasive in the everyday life of the citizens, and it may be used in safety related applications (e.g., road transportation), its security threats may be more damaging than conventional Internet threats. Due to processing and memory constraints, the provision of security functions could be quite challenging in IoT. In addition, IoT devices must operate in a dynamic environment in terms of communication interfaces and fast upgrade cycle (e.g., patching), which imposes severe security requirements to designer and developers. Privacy aspects are also relevant because of the large amount of data collected by IoT sensors. In this context, the security certification of IoT devices is an important element to support the development and deployment of trusted IoT systems and applications. The objective of this paper is to investigate IoT security certification taking into consideration the current security certification frameworks, standards, and their related limitations identified by the industry and research communities. This paper proposes a new approach for security certification in IoT, which addresses the identified limitations and links formal models to testing and certification.
Study of Factors Causing Annular Gas Flow Following Primary Cementing (1980)

A model of a cemented annulus was used to evaluate the pressure transmitted and maintained by a static column of cement after placement and until set conditions were reached. Pressure is lost during cement hydration, resulting in annular gas flow. Laboratory and field tests were conducted on a new compressible cement capable of maintaining more stable annular pressure against the formation. Introduction Annular gas flow has been a problem in the industry for many years. One of the first recognized annular gas flow problems occurred during cementing of gas storage wells in the mid-1960's. The severity of this problem has varied from a nuisance factor to one that can be very significant. This paper reviews various types of annular gas flow in different areas of the country and considers the cost currently being spent in remedial cementing operations.Research on the problem of annular gas flow is not new. A, brief summary of previous research and field applications are included.Although much effort has been put forth on annular gas flow problems, until recently no new solutions with positive results have been found. One reason for this has been some lack of understanding of the phase behavior of cement slurries. A 4-year research program has led to the development of a new compressible cement system. Results of its application in several field areas are reviewed. Field History on Annular Gas Flow Various types of annular gas flow problems occur in many different producing areas. Following are a few of the problems encountered in different areas, which show its general nature. Houston Area - Offshore (High Island) Formations in the High Island area are Pleistocene sequences. In this area, annular gas now has been encountered on surface and conductor strings. The annular gas flow can result from shallow gas sands or sands that have been pressurized because of similar flow from higher-pressured zones at greater depths. Annular gas flow in some areas of this field are more pronounced on intermediate production strings and liners. The problem is not limited to deviated holes but, in some cases, may be aggravated by hole angle. In this area, it is common to have gas flow back to surface within 0.5 to 1.5 hours after the plug is bumped. This occurs on pipe strings that are cemented back to surface as well as those where cement is brought back only into the interannulus of the last cemented string.Uncontrolled gas flow from shallow zones or deeper high-pressure and high-deliverability zones outside the cemented surface pipe can cause gas blowout at some distance from the cemented annulus on the ocean floor. Often it has been necessary to bring primary cement back short of the surface and then conduct an annulus squeeze job on the cement top in an attempt to shut off gas flow to the floor of the platform. This, however, does not always prevent the loss of gas into shallow sands from the lower zones. A survey on remedial cementing operations in this area for the past several years indicates that cost has varied from $20,000 to $350,000/well. JPT P. 1427＾
A comparison of different polarization schemes for the radar sensing of precipitation (1998)

The equations of the radar covariances and cross covariances for linear vertical and horizontal polarization, slant linear +45° and −45° polarization, and left‐hand and right‐hand circular polarization are presented for a model medium containing spheroidal particles.This model takes into account the distribution of canting angles but assumes the uniformity of the distribution function along the propagation path. Assuming the particles to be locally equioriented, equations for the intrinsic differential reflectivity and the mean canting angle are derived. Furthermore, for particles having the same orientations throughout the region of precipitation, the total differential phase shift is obtained. Reflectivity and depolarization ratios are also considered. A comparison of the three polarization schemes from a theoretical point of view is made and illustrated with data from the DLR C band Doppler and polarimetric weather radar. Since the DLR radar did not record the magnitude of the covariances and cross covariances, the comparison is only partially complete. The data confirm the theoretical prediction that depolarization is stronger in circular and slant linear polarization than in linear horizontal/vertical polarization.
Ahpatinins, new acid protease inhibitors containing 4-amino-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoic acid. (1986)

A soil isolate, Streptomyces sp. WK-142, was found to produce new acid protease inhibitors, ahpatinins A, B, D, E, F and G active against pepsin and renin. Ahpatinin C was found to be identical with pepstatin A. The structure determinations were based on mass spectral data. Four of the compounds contain the unusual amino acid, 4-amino-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoic acid as a building component.
Continuous quality improvement using intelligent infusion pump data analysis (2010)

Compliance rates for use of infusion pump safety software varied among CCAs over time. Education, auditing, and refinement of drug libraries led to improved compliance in most CCAs.
Política Social e Psicologia: uma trajetória de 25 anos (2010)

O objetivo do presente trabalho é, partindo da análise da evolução das políticas sociais no Brasil pós-1985, tratar do processo de inserção profissional dos psicólogos no campo do bem-estar social. São examinados, especialmente, a saúde pública e a assistência social, setores nos quais a inserção dos psicólogos se deu de maneira mais expressiva e sistemática nestes 25 anos. A adequação dos modelos consagrados de atuação profissional nesses novos campos, questões relativas à formação acadêmica para a atuação nesses novos setores e os limites impostos pelas próprias políticas sociais para a prática profissional são discutidos.
Wafer Level Underfill Processing (2000)

Abstract Underfill materials play a major role in the reliability of flip chip packages. These adhesives have been the subject of much research and development in the last few years, and much improvement in material performance has been obtained. However, the assembly method still remains unchanged, with the underfill being dispensed at the individual die level after flip chip reflow. Even with the arrival of “no-flow” underfills, assembly still requires depositing the underfill material onto the flip chip site prior to positioning the flip chip die. Processing underfill at the wafer level brings in a new paradigm shift to the area of flip chip packaging. Precoating the wafer with the underfill will create significant savings in both time and money. The application cycle time of the wafer level process becomes equivalent to a single dispensing operation for all the good dies on the wafer. This paper will present results obtained with screen printing used as the application method for the wafer level process. An experimental underfill was printed onto un-bumped silicon wafers and cured, and the resultant films were analyzed. Process conditions affecting film thickness and surface roughness were evaluated. Preliminary results with bumped wafers are also discussed.
Effects of silibinin hemisuccinate on the intraocular pressure in normotensive rabbits. (2007)

The results obtained in this study provide experimental evidences for the effectiveness of silibinin in the reduction of IOP and possible modulation of its regulatory mechanisms.
Translocation of Incoming Pseudorabies Virus Capsids to the Cell Nucleus Is Delayed in the Absence of Tegument Protein pUL37 (2009)

ABSTRACT After fusion of the envelope of herpesvirus particles with the host cell plasma membrane, incoming nucleocapsids are transported to nuclear pores. Inner tegument proteins pUL36, pUL37, and pUS3 remain attached to the nucleocapsid after entry and therefore might mediate interactions between the nucleocapsid and cellular microtubule-associated motor proteins during transport. To assay for the role of pUL37 in this process, we constructed a pUL37-deleted pseudorabies virus mutant, PrV-ΔUL37/UL35GFP, which expresses a fusion protein of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the nonessential small capsid protein pUL35, resulting in the formation of fluorescently labeled capsids. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy of rabbit kidney cells infected with PrV-ΔUL37/UL35GFP revealed that, whereas penetration was not affected in the absence of pUL37, nuclear translocation of incoming particles was delayed by approximately 1 h compared to PrV-UL35GFP, but not abolished. In contrast, phenotypically complemented pUL37-containing virions of PrV-ΔUL37/UL35GFP exhibited wild type-like entry kinetics. Thus, the presence of pUL37 is required for rapid nuclear translocation of incoming nucleocapsids.
Imaging opens possibilities both to target and to evaluate nutrition in critical illness (2014)

Recently, a number of clinical trials have investigated the effect of nutrition in critical illness [1-4]. The results have been confusing rather than clarifying. Obviously there are difficulties in defining whether or not a specific patient is at a nutritional risk and also what should be the nutritional target in the early course of critical illness. The step from a nutritional intervention in the ICU to mortality outcomes is just too big and there is no well-known underlying mechanism. Not surprisingly, there are no prospective randomised studies demonstrat
Effects of epidural hypothermic saline infusion on locomotor outcome and tissue preservation after moderate thoracic spinal cord contusion in rats (2005)

Regional cooling applied 30 minutes after a moderate contusive SCI was not beneficial in terms of tissue sparing, neuronal preservation, or locomotor outcome. This method of cooling may reduce blood flow in the injured spinal cord and exacerbate secondary injury.
A complete Process Design Kit verification flow and platform for 28nm technology and beyond (2012)

Process Design Kit (PDK) is becoming extremely complex in order to address variability from different sources such as layout-dependent effects at 28nm node and beyond. The increasing importance of layout parasitic also brings more complexity into PDK verifications. This paper reports and demonstrates a verification flow and platform to qualify the advanced PDKs with focus on addressing layout-dependent effects and layout parasitic. This platform is successfully being applied for 28nm technology. Test structures and methodologies of verifying layout-dependent components and parasitic extractions are presented.
HIV-1 biological phenotype and the development of zidovudine resistance in relation to disease progression in asymptomatic individuals during treatment (1992)

Conversion to the SI phenotype cannot be prevented by zidovudine treatment. The presence or appearance of an SI virus heralded disease progression in zidovudine-treated individuals. Further research is required to investigate the relationship between virus phenotype and development of zidovudine resistance.
Inhibition mechanism of human galectin‐7 by a novel galactose‐benzylphosphate inhibitor (2011)

Galectins are involved in many cellular processes due to their ability to bind carbohydrates. Understanding their functions has shown the necessity for potent and specific galectin inhibitors. Human galectin-7 (hGal-7), in particular, has been highlighted as an important marker in many types of cancer by either inhibiting or promoting tumour growth. Producing ligands able to selectively target hGal-7 will offer promising tools for deciphering cancer processes in which hGal-7 is involved as well as present potential solutions for future therapeutics. Here we report the high resolution crystal structure of hGal-7 in complex with a synthetic 2-O-benzylphosphate-galactoside inhibitor (which is > 60-fold more potent than its parent galactoside). The high resolution crystallographic analysis highlights the validity of using saccharide derivatives, conserving properties of the galactose binding, while enhanced affinity and specificity is provided by the added phosphate group. This structural information will allow the design of further inhibitors with improved potency and specificity.
A lithography-free method for directed colloidal crystal assembly based on wrinkling (2007)

A simple, novel, and completely lithography-free assembly strategy is reported for directed colloidal crystal assembly on optically transparent substrates. The templates are stable, well-controlled relaxation-wrinkles of ultrathin multilayer films in a non-stretched state, which are fabricated by layer-by-layer self-assembly of polymeric films on soft elastomeric substrates followed by uniaxial plastic deformations. The results show that the wrinkles can be used efficiently to topographically direct colloidal crystal assembly in dip coating. Remarkably highly regular 1- and 2-dimensional patterned colloidal crystals with controlled structures have been obtained. Furthermore, the concept is rather universal and applicable to various particle types provided surface interactions between particles and template are suitable.
Three intracellular signals for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated killing. Independent roles for protein kinase C, Ca2+ influx, and Ca2+ release from internal stores (1991)

Ligation of the TCR after interaction of a CTL with a relevant target cell results in a change in CTL shape with reorientation and secretion of cytoplasmic granules. Secretion can be induced by treating CTL with the combination of a phorbol ester to activate protein kinase C and ionomycin to increase the intracellular Ca2+ concentration by ion-selective permeabilization of both the plasma membrane and internal Ca2+ storage depots. Treatment of cloned murine CTL with PMA induced a change in cell shape without movement of cytoplasmic granules, whereas increased intracellular [Ca2+] after treatment with ionomycin resulted in granule movement without shape change. Granule movement induced by ionomycin did not lead to secretion in the absence of PMA. Direct activation of the TCR resulted in increased intracellular Ca2+ predominately from influx of extracellular Ca2+ with a substantially smaller contribution from release of Ca2+ from internal stores. By independently inhibiting either component of the TCR-initiated increase in intracellular Ca2+, it was determined that both sources of Ca2+ were required for granule movement and secretion. Thus, increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration mediated by these two sources appear not to be functionally equivalent. Taken together, these results indicate that the CTL functional response that normally occurs after interaction with an antigenically relevant target cell is regulated by three independent signals.
Changes in hepatitis A and B vaccination rates in adult patients with chronic liver diseases and diabetes in the U.S. population (2011)

Although vaccination rates in CLD and diabetic cohorts are increasing, they remain low. Given the public health implications of acute hepatitis A and hepatitis B in patients with CLD, better implementation of the vaccination recommendations for these populations is warranted.
Applications of the International Classification of Diseases. (1990)

A brief outline is given of how various types of adaptation of the ICD for use in different situations have arisen. The application includes condensed lists, national adaptations, studies of morbidity, specialty adaptations (including for primary care), and augmentation by supplementary material. The major purposes of different applications are reviewed and an indication is given of factors influencing selection of the condition of primary interest in such situations. The article concludes by suggesting guidance for the development of applications and adaptations of the ICD.
Angiotensin II (AII) induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC) for unresectable gastric cancer: With reference to resection after down staging (1995)

Angiotensin II induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC) is a drug delivery system for augmentation of anti-cancer effects on the experimental basis of the functional difference of microcirculation between tumor and normal tissue. Blood flow in tumor tissue increased selectively when the blood pressure was elevated by the infusion of angiotensin II. Two randomized controlled trials (RCT) for advanced gastric cancer using AFM regimen; a combination of adriamycin (ADM), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and mitomycin (MMC), showed increased response rate by IHC (response rate: IHC/non-IHC; 42.9% vs 10.5% in RCT-1, and 31.3% vs 6.7% in RCT-2, respectively). Toxicities were not different statistically between groups. In phase II for stage IVB gastric cancer patients (the criteria according to the General Rules of the Gastric Cancer Study of Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer), 5 complete response (CR) and 10 partial response (PR) (58%) were observed out of 26 unresectable cases without prior chemotherapy. Moreover, 5 of 15 responders could received curative gastrectomy and obtained conclusive down staging (19%). Here we discuss the role of enhancement of drug delivery for cancer chemotherapy on the basis of a series of clinical and experimental evidences.
Facile Transformation of Perylene Tetracarboxylic Acid Dianhydride into Strong Donor–Acceptor Chromophores (2012)

An efficient synthesis of 9,10-dibromo-1,6,7,12-tetrachloro-perylene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid monoimides from easily available 1,6,7,12-tetrachloro-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is reported. Therefrom, unprecedented perylene monoimides with pronounced donor-acceptor character were obtained via twofold aromatic amination. The halogen substituents in the 1,6,7,12-positions of perylene were removed under basic conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first efficient synthetic route toward 9,10-doubly functionalized perylene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid monoimides.
Performance of Chiral Zeolites for Enantiomeric Separation Revealed by Molecular Simulation (2010)

We used molecular simulations to test the adsorption selectivity for enantiomers in the chiral zeolites SOF, STW, and ITQ-37. This work is the first simulation study which demonstrates the chirality of SOF, STW, and ITQ-37. We obtain information at the molecular level that explains the nature of the chiral selectivity. We selected CHBrClF and 4-ethyl-4-methyloctane as the probe molecules for the study. We calculated pure component and racemic mixture adsorption isotherms, Henry coefficients, adsorption enthalpies, and radial distribution functions. While STW is enantioselective for the probe molecules studied, ITQ-37 is likely to be enantioselective for other chiral molecules, and SOF is not a candidate for chiral separation. Appropriate pore geometry, resulting in differences in the adsorption behavior between the two isomers, is required for observing chiral selectivity. We provide insight that could be used for the synthesis and characterization of new chiral structures aimed to separate specific isomers. Using the methodology described here, it could be possible to easily determine if a new zeolite structure would show adsorption selectivity for a given chiral molecule.