gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Explicit High-Resolution DOA Estimation Formula for Two Wave Sources (2006)

This paper presents a novel and simple high-resolution DOA (Direction-Of-Arrival) estimation algorithm which corresponds to the case of two incident waves received by ULA (Uniform Linear Array). The proposed DOA estimation formula does not employ eigendecomposition, iteration, optimization or space averaging, therefore it requires very low computational cost but achieves high resolution. Surprisingly, the present simple DOA estimator has almost the same accuracy with (and sometimes better than) major conventional DOA estimation algorithms. The estimation accuracy and the computational cost are evaluated through computer simulation in comparison with those by some major conventional algorithms.
Energy efficient comparators for superscalar datapaths (2004)

Modern superscalar datapaths use aggressive execution reordering to exploit instruction-level parallelism. Comparators, either explicit or embedded into content-addressable logic, are used extensively throughout such designs to implement several key out-of-order execution mechanisms and support the memory hierarchy. The traditional comparator designs dissipate energy on a mismatch in any bit position. As mismatches occur with a much higher frequency than matches in many situations, considerable improvements in energy dissipation are to be gained by using comparators that dissipate energy predominantly on a full match and little or no energy on partial or complete mismatches. We make two contributions. First, we introduce a series of dissipate-on-match comparator designs, including designs for comparing long arguments. Second, we show how comparators, used in modern datapaths, can be chosen and organized judiciously based on the microarchitectural-level statistics to minimize the energy dissipation. We use the actual layout data and the realistic bit patterns of the comparands (obtained from the simulated execution of SPEC 2000 benchmarks) to show the energy impact from the use of the new comparator designs. For the same delay, the proposed 8-bit comparators dissipate 70 percent less energy than the traditional designs if used within issue queues and 73 percent less energy if used within load-store queues. The use of the proposed 6-bit comparators within the dependency checking logic is shown to increase the energy dissipation by 65 percent on the average compared to the traditional designs. We also find that the use of a hybrid 32-bit comparator, comprised of three traditional 8-bit blocks and one proposed 8-bit block, is the most energy-efficient solution for the use in the load-store queue, resulting in 19 percent energy reduction compared to the use of four traditional 8-bit blocks used to implement a 32-bit comparator.
A standardised static in vitro digestion method suitable for food – an international consensus (2015)

Simulated gastro-intestinal digestion is widely employed in many fields of food and nutritional sciences, as conducting human trials are often costly, resource intensive, and ethically disputable. As a consequence, in\nvitro alternatives that determine endpoints such as the bioaccessibility of nutrients and non-nutrients or the\ndigestibility of macronutrients (e.g. lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) are used for screening and building\nnew hypotheses. Various digestion models have been proposed, often impeding the possibility to compare\nresults across research teams. For example, a large variety of enzymes from different sources such as of\nporcine, rabbit or human origin have been used, differing in their activity and characterization. Differences in\npH, mineral type, ionic strength and digestion time, which alter enzyme activity and other phenomena, may\nalso considerably alter results. Other parameters such as the presence of phospholipids, individual enzymes\nsuch as gastric lipase and digestive emulsifiers vs. their mixtures (e.g. pancreatin and bile salts), and the ratio\nof food bolus to digestive fluids, have also been discussed at length. In the present consensus paper, within\nthe COST Infogest network, we propose a general standardised and practical static digestion method based\non physiologically relevant conditions that can be applied for various endpoints, which may be amended to\naccommodate further specific requirements. A frameset of parameters including the oral, gastric and small\nintestinal digestion are outlined and their relevance discussed in relation to available in vivo data and\nenzymes. This consensus paper will give a detailed protocol and a line-by-line, guidance, recommendations\nand justifications but also limitation of the proposed model. This harmonised static, in vitro digestion method\nfor food should aid the production of more comparable data in the future.
Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis (Footwarts) in California Dairy Cattle: Clinical and Gross Pathologic Findings (1998)

Clinical, gross pathologic, and therapeutic studies were performed on a contagious, painful, wart-like digital disease of unknown etiology in California dairy cattle. The disease was called papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD). Survey indicated that the disease spread geographically throughout southern California over the past few years. In 1991, 31% of herds had papillomatous digital dermatitis, whereas in 1994, 89% were affected. Increased incidence occurred during late spring and summer, 1-3 months after the rainy season. Within-herd morbidity ranged from 0.5% to 12% per month. Study of 93 cows in 10 drylot dairies revealed that 91% had characteristic circumscribed, erosive to papillomatous, intensely painful lesions often surrounded by a ridge of hyperkeratotic skin bearing hypertrophied hairs. Lesions were 2-6 cm across (88%), circular to oval (78%), and raised (59%) and had surfaces that were uniformly erosive and granular (31%), uniformly papillary (28%), or composites of both appearances (41%). Lesions were most frequently seen in lactating heifers (31%) and 3-year-old cows (43%). Clinical signs were characterized by lameness, with walking on toes and clubbing of hooves. Lesions exclusively involved the hind limbs in 82% of cows and the plantar/palmar regions in 84% of cows. Lesions had high (89%) prediliction for plantar/palmar skin bordering the interdigital space. Lesions exclusively involved either the medial or lateral digit in 10% and 28% of cows, respectively. In 50% of cows, both medial and lateral digits of individual limbs were involved; in most cows (31%), lesions apposed each other across the plantar interdigital space, whereas in others (19%), lesions confluently involved the entire plantar/palmar commissural skin folds. In another 12% of cows, lesions were axial. High proportions of lesions showed complete therapeutic responses to antibiotics: parenteral penicillin (9/9) and ceftiofur (41/44), and topical oxytetracycline (4/4). Recurrence or new lesion development occurred in 48% of cows reexamined 7-12 weeks after complete therapeutic response was observed. Overall, the findings indicated that PDD is a distinct disease entity of economic importance in which bacteria may play an important pathogenic role.
Structural and Mechanistic Basis of the Fast Metathesis Initiation by a Six-Coordinated Ruthenium Catalyst (2013)

The N-heterocyclic carbene coordinated ruthenium benzylidene complex [(H2IMes)(PCy3)(Cl)2Ru═CHPh], a highly active olefin metathesis catalyst, is known to convert into a very fast initiator in the presence of pyridine or 3-bromopyridine. Computational studies presented in this work reveal the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon. Depending on the size of the olefin, the reaction follows either a dissociative or associative mechanism.
Adhesive Bonding of Aluminum Automotive Body Sheet (1974)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The different response of various aluminum body sheet alloys to adhesive bonding procedures was studied using a variety of adhesive bonding materials. The bond durability performance was evaluated under a variety of weathering conditions where different surface preparations and surface contamination were present.</div>
Recent Advances in Receptor-Targeted Fluorescent Probes for In Vivo Cancer Imaging (2012)

Receptor-targeted optical imaging of cancer is emerging as an attractive strategy for early cancer diagnosis and surgical guidance. The success of such strategy depends largely upon the development of receptor-targeted fluorescent probes with high specificity and binding affinity to the target receptors. Recently, a host of such probes have been reported to target cancer-specific receptors, such as somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), integrin receptors, cholecystokinin-2 (CCK(2)) receptor, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor, endothelin A (ET(A)) receptor, translocator protein (TSPO) receptor, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, folate receptor (FR), transferrin receptor (TFR), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and estrogen receptor (ER). This review will describe the recent advances in synthetic targeting optical imaging probes and demonstrate their in vivo imaging potentials. Moreover, current status of near infrared (NIR) fluorescent dyes, targeting moieties and coupling reactions, as well as strategies for designing targeted probes, will also be discussed.
Functional Principles of Registry-based Service Discovery (2005)

As Service Discovery Protocols (SDP) are becoming increasingly important for ubiquitous computing, they must behave according to predefined principles. We present the functional Principles of Service Discovery for robust, registry-based service discovery. A methodology to guarantee adherence to these principles is provided and illustrated by formal verification of the principles against FRODO, an SDP built for the home environment. We show that, to make behavioral guarantees, an SDP has to be robust against network disturbances, and cannot rely only on the network layer.
A Hardware Architecture for Switch-Level Simulation (1985)

The Mossim Simulation Engine (MSE) is a hardware accelerator for performing switch-level simulation of MOS VLSI circuits [1], [2]. Functional partitioning of the MOSSIM algorithm and specialized circuitry are used by the MSE to achieve a performance improvement of /spl gt/ 300 over a VAX 11/780 executing the MOSSIM II program. Several MSE processors can be connected in parallel to achieve additional speedup. A virtual processor mechanism allows the MSE to simulate large circuits with the size of the circuit limited only by the amount of backing store available to hold the circuit description.
Novel [3+2] photocycloadditions of 3-(1-alkynyl)-2-cycloalken-1-ones with alkenes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel [3+2] photocycloadditions of 3-(1-alkynyl)-2-cycloalken-1-ones with alkenesH. J. Rathjen, Paul Margaretha, Steven Wolff, and William C. AgostaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 10, 3904–3909Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00010a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00010a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views258Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
NEW YORK NEUROLOGICAL SOCIETY (1940)

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Purification and some characteristics of a β‐galactoside binding soluble lectin from amphibian ovary (1987)

Soluble extracts of Bufo ovaries agglutinate sialidase-treated rabbit erythrocytes. Unlike other amphibian lectins this agglutination activity does not require the presence of calcium ions. It is specifically inhibited by D-galactose and its derivatives. Thiodi-D-galactoside is the most potent saccharide inhibitor followed by lactose and methyl-beta-D-galactoside, respectively. D-Fucose, D-glucose and D-mannose do not inhibit the activity at concentrations at or above 100 mM. The lectin has been purified 500-fold to apparent homogeneity from the ovaries by salt extraction and affinity chromatography on lactose-aminophenyl-agarose, with a yield of about 0.2%. The molecular mass determined by gel filtration under native conditions was 30 kDa; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS gave a molecular mass of 15 kDa, suggesting that the lectin is a dimer. The lectin has an isoelectric point of 40 and contains a high proportion of acidic amino acids.
Seismic Response of Sacrificial Exterior Shear Keys in Bridge Abutments (2007)

This report describes an experimental program which studied the seismic behavior of shear keys. Shear keys are used in bridge abutments, providing transverse support for the superstructure. In this project, specimens were built at a 40% scale of the exterior shear keys of a prototype abutment. The report presents recommendations for design and construction details of sacrificial exterior shear keys based on test results. The design philosophy involved forcing a shear sliding failure at the interface of the shear key-abutment stem wall in order to control damage to the abutment walls and the piles under transverse seismic force. A number of were considered in this experimental program, such as: 1) including construction joints between the abutment stem wall and the shear key; 2) different amounts and configurations of the vertical reinforcement crossing the abutment stem wall-shear key interface; and, 3)different amounts and configurations of the horizontal reinforcement in the stem wall. Five specimens were built and tested, with each specimen including two exterior shear key test units. Experimental results of two of the specimens are included in the report.
Combining multiple neural nets for visual feature selection and classification (1999)

We present a system for object recognition in real images employing three different types of neural networks which accomplish feature extraction and classification. The main advantages of the method are its portability to different object domains without extensive parameter adjustments or changes in the feature extraction, and the low computational effort. This is achieved using a combination of the vector quantization, principal component analysis and a network for nonlinear classification tasks.
Dual excitation wavelength system for combined fingerprint and high wavenumber Raman spectroscopy (2018)

A fiber optic probe-based Raman spectroscopy system using a single laser module with two excitation wavelengths, at 680 and 785 nm, has been developed for measuring the fingerprint and high wavenumber regions using a single detector. This system is simpler and less expensive than previously reported configurations of combined fingerprint and high wavenumber Raman systems, and its probe-based implementation facilitates numerous in vivo applications. The high wavenumber region of the Raman spectrum ranges from 2800-3800 cm-1 and contains valuable information corresponding to the molecular vibrations of proteins, lipids, and water, which is complimentary to the biochemical signatures found in the fingerprint region (800-1800 cm-1), which probes DNA, lipids, and proteins. The efficacy of the system is demonstrated by tracking changes in water content in tissue-mimicking phantoms, where Voigtian decomposition of the high wavenumber water peak revealed a correlation between the water content and type of water-tissue interactions in the samples. This dual wavelength system was then used for in vivo assessment of cervical remodeling during mouse pregnancy, a physiologic process with known changes in tissue hydration. The system shows that Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to changes in collagen content in the fingerprint region and hydration state in the high wavenumber region, which was verified using an ex vivo comparison of wet and dry weight. Simultaneous fingerprint and high wavenumber Raman spectroscopy will allow precise in vivo quantification of tissue water content in the high wavenumber region, paired with the high biochemical specificity of the fingerprint region.
Clinical analysis of 80 patients with dihydroetorphine dependence (2012)

Objective:To analysis the clinical manifestations of relier of dihydroetorphine.Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with dihydroetorphine dependent were analyzed, and the questionnaire results also were analyzed. All the patients were given support therapy in the first week after admission. Results:In the 80 cases, the proportion of men was four times of women in dihydroetorphine dependent, the most patients were educated by junior high school , the workers、the self-employed and unemployed personnel account for 82%; Most of the patients didn't know dihydroetorphine can addiction. The average time of abuse of dihydroetorphine was (3.1 ±2.4)months, and the dosage of it were 6.4±4.6 pieces. All patients appear withdrawal symptoms afterdrugs withheld. Dihydroetorphine withdrawal symptoms was lighter, which appeared earlier, disappear quickly, easy to withdrawal. The effect of support treatment for dihydroetorphine was obvious. Conclusion:Combination therapy to dihydroetorphine dependence have obvious effect, so it is worthy to be popularized.
Depletion of annexin A5, annexin A6, and collagen X causes no gross changes in matrix vesicle–mediated mineralization, but lack of collagen X affects hematopoiesis and the Th1/Th2 response (2012)

Numerous biochemical studies have pointed to an essential role of annexin A5 (AnxA5), annexin A6 (AnxA6), and collagen X in matrix vesicle-mediated biomineralization during endochondral ossification and in osteoarthritis. By binding to the extracellular matrix protein collagen X and matrix vesicles, annexins were proposed to anchor matrix vesicles in the extracellular space of hypertrophic chondrocytes to initiate the calcification of cartilage. However, mineralization appears to be normal in mice lacking AnxA5 and AnxA6, whereas collagen X-deficient mice show only subtle alterations in the growth plate organization. We hypothesized that the simultaneous lack of AnxA5, AnxA6, and collagen X in vivo induces more pronounced changes in the growth plate development and the initiation of mineralization. In this study, we generated and analyzed mice deficient for AnxA5, AnxA6, and collagen X. Surprisingly, mice were viable, fertile, and showed no obvious abnormalities. Assessment of growth plate development indicated that the hypertrophic zone was expanded in Col10a1(-/-) and AnxA5(-/-) AnxA6(-/-) Col10a1(-/-) newborns, whereas endochondral ossification and mineralization were not affected in 13-day- and 1-month-old mutants. In peripheral quantitative computed tomography, no changes in the degree of biomineralization were found in femora of 1-month- and 1-year-old mutants even though the diaphyseal circumference was reduced in Col10a1(-/-) and AnxA5(-/-) AnxA6(-/-) Col10a1(-/-) mice. The percentage of naive immature IgM(+) /IgM(+) B cells and peripheral T-helper cells were increased in Col10a1(-/-) and AnxA5(-/-) AnxA6(-/-) Col10a1(-/-) mutants, and activated splenic T cells isolated from Col10a1(-/-) mice secreted elevated levels of IL-4 and GM-CSF. Hence, collagen X is needed for hematopoiesis during endochondral ossification and for the immune response, but the interaction of annexin A5, annexin A6, and collagen X is not essential for physiological calcification of growth plate cartilage. Therefore, annexins and collagen X may rather fulfill functions in growth plate cartilage not directly linked to the mineralization process.
Reliay of three dental radiometers (1993)

The light intensity from 80 different curing units was recorded on three dental radiometers. Even though the correlation between the recordings obtained with the three testers was rather high, some units were categorized as good units by one radiometer and poor ones by another. It was also found that, in some case, there was a pronounced difference between the output within the same type of new units. Cavities were made in extracted third molars, filled with a microfilled resin, irradiated for 40 s with 20 of the curing units, and the depth of cure was measured. The radiometers were not able to rank the 20 units in accordance with their depth of cure. We conclude that the three radiometers are not fully reliable. However, they may become very useful tools for monitoring the output from a curing unit if the radiometer and the unit are calibrated.
Magnetomotive laser speckle imaging (2010)

Laser speckle imaging (LSI) involves analysis of reflectance images collected during coherent optical excitation of an object to compute wide-field maps of tissue blood flow. An intrinsic limitation of LSI for resolving microvascular architecture is that its signal depends on relative motion of interrogated red blood cells. Hence, with LSI, small-diameter arterioles, venules, and capillaries are difficult to resolve due to the slow flow speeds associated with such vasculature. Furthermore, LSI characterization of subsurface blood flow is subject to blurring due to scattering, further limiting the ability of LSI to resolve or quantify blood flow in small vessels. Here, we show that magnetic activation of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles modulate the speckle flow index (SFI) values estimated from speckle contrast analysis of collected images. With application of an ac magnetic field to a solution of stagnant SPIO particles, an apparent increase in SFI is induced. Furthermore, with application of a focused dc magnetic field, a focal decrease in SFI values is induced. Magnetomotive LSI may enable wide-field mapping of suspicious tissue regions, enabling subsequent high-resolution optical interrogation of these regions. Similarly, subsequent photoactivation of intravascular SPIO nanoparticles could then be performed to induce selective photothermal destruction of unwanted vasculature.