gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiepileptic agents: Newer generation (1996)

The standard antiepileptics, though effective in most cases of epilepsy, suffer from various limitations in the form of serious side effects, need for plasma drug concentration monitoring and interactions with a number of drugs. Recently, a number of compounds have been shown to possess antiepileptic properties and are free from most of the above mentioned drawbacks. Vigabatrin, stiripentol and progabide are potent antiepileptics and act through GABAergic system. Vigabatrin and stiripentol are effective in refractory partial epilepsy. Stiripentol is also effective in absence seizures, in contrast vigabatrin increases frequency of absence seizures. Stiripentol offers an added advantage of producing a feeling of well being. Progabide, a GABA agonist, has not been well accepted clinically because of its controversial clinical efficacy and hepatotoxicity. Lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, fosphenytoin, flunarizine and topiramate have antiepileptic profile similar to phenytoin. The first three of these compounds act through Na+ channel, however the mechanism of flunarizine and topiramate is not clear. Fosphenytoin and oxcarbazepine are prodrugs and offer advantages of better bioavailability and less toxicity. Lamotrigine, flunarizine and topiramate are effective in partial seizures. Midazolam, a benzodiazepine, is effective even in status epilepticus refractory to diazepam and is considered drug of choice after lorazepam and phenytoin in refractory status epilepticus. Felbamate, gabapentin and allopurinol are effective in refractory generalised epilepsy. In addition, felbamate and gabapentin are also effective in refractory partial epilepsy. NMDA receptor antagonists, potassium channel openers and fluoxetine are potent antiepileptics but have been studied only in animal models. Although, the emergence of these new compounds have opened a new vista in the treatment of epilepsies but most of these compounds are under investigation and vigabatrin, lamotrigine, felbamate, oxcar-bazepine and gabapentin are most studied of these antiepileptic compounds.
Aesthetic Investigation of Razavi Holy Shrine Inscriptions According to Educational & Moral Concepts (A Case Study of Dar Alhofaz (The House of Quran Keepers) Porch (2018)

The most valuable gift which is given to human being by God is the holy Quran [1]. talented and enthusiastic artists, aiming to improve Quranic arts during prolonged centuries. defined their mission as decoration and adornment of religious places with God words and verses. The most appropriate locations for such premium art is the heavenly court of Imam Reza (p.b.u.h) the inscriptions of Razavi holy shrine have been left a great legacy to reproduce this sacred art. [1]. Such inscriptions have been investigated from various aspects by the researchers in different eras. The artists did their best to decorate the gem of divine verses, meanwhile the scholars struggled to extract educational and moral concepts of such masterpieces [2]. Because divine messages and orders have been played a major role in extending faithful society and (as an inspiring guide) to save the faithful community through human being religious thoughts history; the present study tries to discover an aesthetic relation of Quranic themes of Razavi shrine inscriptions to educational & moral concepts. Based on such goal, the methodology of this study is library and field data gathering method are used to obtain materials of the research. The study findings propose that inscriptions of Razavi shrine have two essential functions: first, to decorate and beautification of the holy shrine, then, educational & moral function.
Low-frequency dispersion and state dependency in modem microwave III-V HEMTs (2018)

An AlGaN/GaN HEMT- and an InAlAs/InGaAs mHEMT technology, both with a gate-length of 100 nm, are investigated w.r.t. low-frequency dispersion and state dependency vs. average gate and drain voltages. Based on a comprehensive DC-CW and pulsed-RF small-signal characterization, it is shown that the GaN HEMT shows both effects, while the mHEMT is nearly free of state dependency. A new formulation of the recently proposed integral transform large-signal FET model is capable of describing both effects in pulsed-RF and even in CW load-pull operation conditions.
A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy (2022)

<div>Metaverse, as an evolving paradigm of the next-generation Internet, aims to build a fully immersive, hyper spatiotemporal, and self-sustaining virtual shared space for humans to play, work, and socialize. Driven by recent advances in emerging technologies such as extended reality, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, metaverse is stepping from the science fiction to an upcoming reality. However, severe privacy invasions and security breaches (inherited from underlying technologies or emerged in the new digital ecology) of metaverse can impede its wide deployment. At the same time, a series of fundamental challenges (e.g., scalability and interoperability) can arise in metaverse security provisioning owing to the intrinsic characteristics of metaverse, such as immersive realism, hyper spatiotemporality, sustainability, and heterogeneity.</div><div>In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the fundamentals, security, and privacy of metaverse.</div><div>Specifically, we first investigate a novel distributed metaverse architecture and its key characteristics with ternary-world interactions. Then, we discuss the security and privacy threats, present the critical challenges of metaverse systems, and review the state-of-the-art countermeasures. Finally, we draw open research directions for building future metaverse systems.</div>
Prenylation of Rab8 GTPase by type I and type II geranylgeranyl transferases (1998)

Rab GTPases are post-translationally modified by addition of geranylgeranyl moieties to carboxyl-terminal cysteine residues. For Rab proteins ending with xxCC xCxC and CCxx motifs this modification is catalysed by geranylgeranyltransferase type II (GGTaseII), and is entirely dependent on the Rab substrate being bound to Rab escort protein (REP). Several Rab proteins contain carboxyl-terminal CaaL prenylation motifs typical of members of the Rho family, which are modified in a REP-independent manner by geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTaseI). The present studies show that one such Rab protein (Rab8), which ends with a CVLL motif, is uniquely able to serve as a substrate for either REP/GGTaseII or GGTaseI in cell-free assays. The modification of Rab8 by GGTaseI did not require REP, indicating that a REP-induced conformational change is not essential for exposure of the Rab carboxyl-terminal cysteine prenylation site. To determine whether one enzyme plays a predominant role in Rab8 prenylation in vivo, the incorporation of [3H]mevalonate into Rab8 was measured in human embryonal kidney 293 cells under conditions where the activity of GGTaseI, but not GGTaseII, was blocked by the peptidomimetic inhibitor GGTI-298. The GGTaseI inhibitor did not prevent prenylation of either overexpressed Myc-tagged Rab8 or endogenous Rab8, whereas prenylation of a known GGTaseI substrate with the same carboxyl-terminal motif, Cdc42Hs, was completely blocked. To rule out the possibility that the apparent prenylation of Rab8 by GGTaseII occurs only when GGTaseI activity is eliminated, metabolic labelling studies were carried out in the absence of the GGTaseI inhibitor, using a REP-binding-deficient Rab8 construct (Y78D) that cannot serve as a substrate for GGTaseII, but is indistinguishable from wild-type Rab8 as a substrate for GGTaseI. Prenylation of the Y78D mutant was reduced by 60-70% in intact cells, consistent with the conclusion that the majority of Rab8 is prenylated by the REP/GGTaseII system in vivo.
Dynamic regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone-beta messenger ribonucleic acid levels by activin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in perifused rat pituitary cells. (1992)

Maintenance of FSH biosynthesis requires ongoing exposure to pulsatile GnRH. Recent data demonstrate that activin also stimulates FSH biosynthesis. We used a perifused pituitary system to examine regulation of FSH beta mRNA levels by pulsatile GnRH and activin. Hourly pulses of 10 nM GnRH increased FSH beta mRNA levels by 3-fold. In the same experiment, continuous infusion of 50 ng/ml activin elicited a 50-fold increase in FSH beta mRNA. This magnitude of response to activin in perifusion was unexpected, as only a 2.7-fold increase in FSH beta mRNA was observed when activin was administered to pituitary cells that were cultured in dishes. Since perifusion columns, unlike culture dishes, are exposed to a continuous supply of fresh medium, we examined the possibility that endogenous factors produced by pituitary cells cultured in dishes were stimulating the cells in a paracrine fashion, thereby precluding the full response to exogenously added activin. The kinetics of FSH beta mRNA expression were examined immediately after pituitary dispersion and at different times after culturing the cells in plates. FSH beta mRNA levels fell rapidly after dispersion to 8% of initial levels and remained low over 8 h. Thereafter, FSH beta mRNA levels increased slowly and exceeded initial levels by the second day of culture. In a parallel set of experiments, when medium conditioned by exposure to plated cells was applied to the perifusion system, FSH beta mRNA levels were selectively stimulated (6-fold). These data suggest the removal during dispersion and subsequent accumulation in culture of pituitary-derived factors that are important for the maintenance of FSH beta mRNA levels. We conclude that activin plays a greater role in the regulation of FSH beta mRNA levels than was suggested by previous experiments employing static culture systems in which autocrine or paracrine stimulation may have obscured the effects of exogenously added activin.
Contributions to the Biomechanics of Plants. I. Stabilities of Plant Stems with Strengthening Elements of Different Cross‐Sections Against Weight and Wind Forces* (1990)

Abstract Biophysical considerations allow estimates of the mechanical stresses on self‐bearing vertical stems of plants. Even at moderate wind velocities the stresses induced by aerodynamic forces dominate over those induced by the own weight. Using polar coordinates, analytical expressions of cross‐sectional area and axial second moment of area for centrisymmetric structures with symmetries threefold or higher are derived. Calculating the relative section modulus for various (centrisymmetric) arrangements of stabilizing structures leads to an estimate of the “mechanical effectivity” of these structures. If for plant stems, seen as composite materials, the second moments of area and the elastic moduli are known, the contribution of the different tissues to mechanical stability can be determined quantitatively. The mechanical design of early “vascular” land plants and of stems of (fossil) trees and lianas in different ontogenetic stages can be assessed.
Cellulitis--an unreported complication of long-term SCI patients. (1996)

Major problems for spinal cord injured patients are pressure ulcers, urinary tract infections, and pain management. However, an unreported complication is cellulitis. A retrospective chart review for the calendar year 1993 revealed 312 cases of cellulitis identified as either a primary or secondary diagnosis. Cellulitis was identified more than once for some of the patients in this sample. A review of the literature showed limited citations specific to the spinal cord injured population. This paper analyzes the reported cases for the period of January 1, 1993 through December 31, 1993. The cellulitis diagnosis is examined with the following variables: frequency of occurrence, skin integrity impairment, presence of infection, septicemia, thrombophlebitis, length of hospitalization, rate of recurrence, and area of contact. This data suggest that cellulitis is an important complication to the spinal cord injured patient. However, additional research is needed to provide predictive value. This analysis provides information to SCI nurses to enhance knowledge and understanding of risk factors and develop patient teaching methods for management and prevention.
High‐Temperature Young's Modulus of Alumina During Sintering (2005)

High‐temperature Young's modulus of a partially sintered alumina ceramic has been studied dynamically during the sintering process. Comparative, room‐temperature Young's modulus data were obtained for a suite of partially sintered alumina compacts with different porosities. The dynamic Young's modulus of a 1200°C partially sintered material was observed to decrease linearly with temperature, but then above 1200°C it increased sharply as sintering and densification of the alumina became dominant. The evolution of the Young's modulus due purely to sintering exhibited an exponential relationship with porosity in excellent agreement with room‐temperature measurements of equivalent porous alumina ceramics.
Next generation patient-derived prostate cancer xenograft models (2014)

对为前列腺癌症的更有效的治疗学的途径有批评需要。然而，在这个区域的研究被缺乏严重妨碍了临床上相关，在疾病的 vivo 模型试验性。这评论特别地基于 patients’ 的 subrenal 囊 grafting 集中于前列腺癌症异种皮移植模型的发展；进 nonobese 糖尿病 / 严重的肿瘤组织联合了 immunodeficient (NOD/SCID ) 老鼠。这种技术允许可移植的、导出病人的癌症织物异种皮移植线的成功的开发从不仅好攻击变形，而且从局部性的前列腺癌症纸巾。异种皮移植被发现了保留原来的恶意的关键生物性质，包括组织病理学说、分子的特征，肿瘤异质，对雄激素脱离的反应和变形能力。因此，他们是高度临床上相关并且在细胞、分子的层次，为个性化的癌症治疗屏蔽的药和现出症状之前的潜的药为前列腺癌症前进的研究提供珍贵工具测试的功效；特别当模型的一块面板习惯于盖子时许多疾病。这些异种皮移植模型能因此被看作前列腺癌症的下一代的模型。
Tuning support vector machines for biomedical named entity recognition (2002)

We explore the use of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) for biomedical named entity recognition. To make the SVM training with the available largest corpus - the GENIA corpus - tractable, we propose to split the non-entity class into sub-classes, using part-of-speech information. In addition, we explore new features such as word cache and the states of an HMM trained by unsupervised learning. Experiments on the GENIA corpus show that our class splitting technique not only enables the training with the GENIA corpus but also improves the accuracy. The proposed new features also contribute to improve the accuracy. We compare our SVM-based recognition system with a system using Maximum Entropy tagging method.
Topical tacrolimus is effective for facial lesions of psoriasis (2000)

Abstract is missing
Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide with Transition Metal Complexes. (1994)

Recent advances in the efficiency of the homogeneous catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide may bring CO2 fixation by this method from a research curiosity into an industrially applicable process. The reduction of CO2
Detection of Murine Leukemia Virus in the Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Human B-Cell Line JY, Using a Computational RNA-Seq-Based Exogenous Agent Detection Pipeline, PARSES (2012)

Many cell lines commonly used for biological studies have been found to harbor exogenous agents such as the human tumor viruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus. Nevertheless, broad-based, unbiased approaches to globally assess the presence of ectopic organisms within cell model systems have not previously been available. We reasoned that high-throughput sequencing should provide unparalleled insights into the microbiomes of tissue culture cell systems. Here we have used our RNA-seq analysis pipeline, PARSES (Pipeline for Analysis of RNA-Seq Exogenous Sequences), to investigate the presence of ectopic organisms within two EBV-positive B-cell lines commonly used by EBV researchers. Sequencing data sets from both the Akata and JY B-cell lines were found to contain reads for EBV, and the JY data set was found to also contain reads from the murine leukemia virus (MuLV). Further investigation revealed that MuLV transcription in JY cells is highly active. We also identified a number of MuLV alternative splicing events, and we uncovered evidence of APOBEC3G (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G)-dependent DNA editing. Finally, reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed the presence of MuLV in three other human B-cell lines (DG75, Ramos, and P3HR1 Cl.13) commonly used by investigators in the Epstein-Barr virus field. We believe that a thorough examination of tissue culture microbiomes using RNA-seq/PARSES-like approaches is critical for the appropriate utilization of these systems in biological studies.
An HMM-based speech-to-video synthesizer (2002)

Emerging broadband communication systems promise a future of multimedia telephony, e.g. the addition of visual information to telephone conversations. It is useful to consider the problem of generating the critical information useful for speechreading, based on existing narrowband communications systems used for speech. This paper focuses on the problem of synthesizing visual articulatory movements given the acoustic speech signal. In this application, the acoustic speech signal is analyzed and the corresponding articulatory movements are synthesized for speechreading. This paper describes a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based visual speech synthesizer. The key elements in the application of HMMs to this problem are the decomposition of the overall modeling task into key stages and the judicious determination of the observation vector's components for each stage. The main contribution of this paper is a novel correlation HMM model that is able to integrate independently trained acoustic and visual HMMs for speech-to-visual synthesis. This model allows increased flexibility in choosing model topologies for the acoustic and visual HMMs. Moreover the propose model reduces the amount of training data compared to early integration modeling techniques. Results from objective experiments analysis show that the propose approach can reduce time alignment errors by 37.4% compared to conventional temporal scaling method. Furthermore, subjective results indicated that the purpose model can increase speech understanding.
Mechanical Analog Approach to Parameter Estimation of Lateral Spacecraft Fuel Slosh (2007)

The nutation (wobble) of a spinning spacecraft in the presence of energy dissipation is a well-known problem in dynamics and is of particular concern for space missions. Even with modern computing systems, CFD type simulations are not fast enough to allow for large scale Monte Carlo analyses of spacecraft and launch vehicle dynamic behavior with slosh included. Simplified mechanical analogs for the slosh are preferred during the initial stages of design to reduce computational time and effort to evaluate the Nutation Time Constant (NTC). Analytic determination of the slosh analog parameters has met with mixed success and is made even more difficult by the introduction of propellant management devices such as elastomeric diaphragms. By subjecting full-sized fuel tanks with actual flight fuel loads to motion similar to that experienced in flight and measuring the forces experienced by the tanks, these parameters can be determined experimentally. Currently, the identification of the model parameters is a laborious trial-and-error process in which the hand-derived equations of motion for the mechanical analog are evaluated and their results compared with the experimental results. Of particular interest is the effect of diaphragms and bladders on the slosh dynamics and how best to model these devices. An experimental set-up is designed and built to include a diaphragm in the simulated spacecraft fuel tank subjected to lateral slosh. This research paper focuses on the parameter estimation of a SimMechanics model of the simulated spacecraft propellant tank with and without diaphragms using lateral fuel slosh experiments. Automating the parameter identification process will save time and thus allow earlier identification of potential vehicle problems.
Pathway of Sugar Transport in Germinating Wheat Seeds (2006)

Three homeologous genes encoding a sucrose (Suc) transporter (SUT) in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum), TaSUT1A, 1B, and 1D, were expressed in germinating seeds, where their function is unknown. All three TaSUT1 proteins were confirmed to be capable of transporting both Suc and maltose by complementation tests with the SUSY7/ura3 yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant strain. The role of Suc transporters in germinating grain was examined by combining in situ hybridization, immunolocalization, fluorescent dye tracer movement, and metabolite assays. TaSUT1 transcript and SUT protein were detected in cells of the aleurone layer, scutellar epidermis, scutellar ground cells, and sieve element-companion cell complexes located in the scutellum, shoot, and root. Ester loading of the membrane-impermeable fluorescent dye carboxyfluorescein into the scutellum epidermal cells of germinating seeds showed that a symplasmic pathway connects the scutellum to the shoot and root via the phloem. However, the scutellar epidermis provides an apoplasmic barrier to solute movement from endosperm tissue. Measurements of sugars in the root, shoot, endosperm, and scutellum suggest that, following degradation of endosperm starch, the resulting hexoses are converted to Suc in the scutellum. Suc was found to be the major sugar present in the endosperm early in germination, whereas maltose and glucose predominate during the later stage. It is proposed that loading the scutellar phloem in germinating wheat seeds can proceed by symplasmic and apoplasmic pathways, the latter facilitated by SUT activity. In addition, SUTs may function to transport Suc into the scutellum from the endosperm early in germination and later transport maltose.
<title>Monitoring and control of rf electrical parameters near plasma loads</title> (1991)

Today''s semiconductor processing equipment demands accurate and repeatable controls to obtain improved yields of increasingly complex chemistries and smaller geometries. Electrical control of RF induced plasmas has sadly lacked the precision of modern gas flow pressure and chemistry control and hence is a major limiting factor to process repeatability and diagnostics. Present technology which is decades old maintains a constant indicated forward power at the RF source regardless of mismatch reflections transmission line losses non-repeatable impedance matching losses reactor feed losses and RF envelope modulation due to plasma load non-linearities interacting with power source instabilities. Process diagnostics is often reduced to a guessing game once gas flow and pressure controls are checked against each other. Comdel Inc. has produced a new product to remove some of the ''black art'' from RE control and analysis. The RPM-l (Real Power Monitor) is intended to become center of the RE delivery system. Consisting of a sensor unit and a processor unit the RPM-i controls the RE power source based upon real power RF voltage RF current or DC bias at the point where the sensor unit is installed regardless of the load impedance. The user interface to control and read these RE electrical parameters is an ASCII terminal or host computer via an RS- 232 serial port on the processor unit. The RPM-l also calculates and displays on the terminal the plasma load impedance