gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specificity of the passive antibody-induced suppression of the humoral immune response of mice to surface antigens on human cells. (1985)

The effect of passively administered antibody on the humoral immune response of BALB/c mice to antigenic determinants on human cells has been examined. Antiserum raised by immunizing mice with the human leukaemic cell line K562, which lacks HLA-A,B,C antigens, was administered to mice, together with the HLA-A,B,C-positive cell line, BALM-1. The antibody response to the unique antigen was assessed by measuring the ability of the resultant antiserum to inhibit the binding to BALM-1 cells of a labelled monoclonal antibody, 7B6, which is specific for a monomorphic HLA-A,B,C determinant. As an indication of the immune response to antigens common to K562 and BALM-1, the ability of the same antiserum to inhibit the binding of monoclonal antibody 6B1, which detects an epitope common to both cell lines, was measured. Passive antibody to K562 blocked the immune response of mice to the common antigen on BALM-1 cells. However, the response to the antigen not recognized by the passive antibody was unaffected, even though the two antigens were present on the same immunizing cell. Thus, the effect of passive antibody was 'determinant specific'. Similar results were obtained, irrespective of whether the i.v. or i.p. route of immunization was used, and whether the passive antibody was adsorbed onto the immunizing cells prior to injection, or administered separately. The blocking of the immune response did not depend on simple masking of the antigenic determinants by the passive antibody, since non-saturating amounts of antibody were effective. In addition, blocking activity was dependent on antibody class and on an intact Fc region. The latter considerations also imply that the outcome of passive antibody administration in this system was determined by factors other than the ability of the antigen-antibody complexes to interact directly with B cells, and indicate the importance of antigen processing and/or a mechanism such as antigen-reactive cell opsonization.
A Combinatorial Approach to the Identification of Dipeptide Aldehyde Inhibitors of β-Amyloid Production (1999)

In an effort to rapidly identify potent inhibitors of Abeta production and to probe the amino acid sequence specificity of the protease(s) responsible for the production of this peptide, a large number of dipeptide aldehydes were combinatorially synthesized and manually evaluated for their inhibitory properties. The starting point for this study was the dipeptide aldehyde carbobenzoxyl-valinyl-phenylalanal previously shown to inhibit the production of Abeta in CHO cells stably transfected with the cDNA encoding betaAPP695. Pools of related dipeptide aldehydes were combinatorially synthesized, and the most active pool was deconvoluted, resulting in the identification of the most active inhibitor of this pool. Systematic optimization of this inhibitor resulted in a series of dipeptide aldehydes with enhanced potencies relative to carbobenzoxyl-valinyl-phenylalanal. The most active dipeptide aldehydes were those that possessed hydrophobic amino acids at both the P1 and P2 positions. The most potent compound identified in this study was 3, 5-dimethoxycinnamamide-isoleucinyl-leucinal with an IC(50) of 9.6 microM, approximately 10-fold more active than carbobenzoxyl-valinyl-phenylalanal. In immunoprecipitation experiments using antibodies directed toward either Abeta1-40 or Abeta1-42, 3,5-dimethoxycinnamamide-isoleucinyl-leucinal, like carbobenzoxyl-valinyl-phenylalanal, preferentially inhibited the shorter 1-40 form of Abeta, whereas the longer 1-42 form was not as strongly inhibited. These results suggest that dipeptide aldehydes related to carbobenzoxyl-valinyl-phenylalanal inhibit Abeta through similar mechanisms and demonstrate the utility of a combinatorial synthesis approach to rapidly identify potent inhibitors of Abeta production.
Establishing Injector/Producer Connectivity Before Breakthrough During Fluid Injection (2009)

Abstract Interwell connectivity is a key issue in any field development planning, especially when secondary and tertiary recovery methods are contemplated. Stakes are particularly high in deepwater and other costly environments where the well count largely dictates project economics. Traditional approaches to discerning reservoir compartments include fluid PVT properties, geochemical fingerprints, tracer testing, and transient-pressure testing. While fluids may provide clues about reservoir connectivity or lack thereof, they cannot tell us about the degree of connectivity between wells. In contrast, pulse testing may provide the necessary information, but the interwell permeability so estimated is skewed toward the observation well, and therefore may not be entirely satisfactory. This study presents an alternative method for establishing interwell connectivity involving production and injection wells. We show that capacitance-resistive modeling (CRM) is a viable alternative to solving transient-flow problems. Equivalence of streamline simulations and CRM is established for fractional flow directed at each producer. We also showed that one can discern connectivity between the injector and producers in an inverted-five-spot pattern and in channelized reservoirs, with limited injection in prebreakthrough scenarios. In closed systems, even low-signal quality may suffice for characterization, provided reasonable injection perturbation exists. Excessive voidage appears to be a nonissue as far as signal propagation is concerned.
The stress in the windings of a coil carrying an electric current (1980)

A brief review is given of relevant past work on the methods used for calculating the important circumferential stress generated in the windings of a coil due to the currents flowing in the magnetic field of the coil. The results obtained from these methods are then compared with the thick and thin cylindrical shell approximations in the case of the coil used in the Fawley Superconducting Motor developed at International Research and Development Co. Ltd.
Fast nonlinear optical response from proton-bombarded multiple quantum well structures (1985)

Proton bombardment is shown to shorten the recovery time of the excitonic absorption in GaAs/GaAlAs multiple quantum well saturable absorbers. The response time can be reduced from 30 ns to 150 ps without affecting the absorption characteristics or the saturation energy.
Applications of microvascular surgery. (1990)

The advent of microvascular surgery has radically changed the discipline of human reconstructive surgery over the last decade. The ability to anastomose vessels less than 1 mm in diameter allows the distant transfer of tissues with a known blood supply from one area of the body to another. These tissues can be detached from their local blood supply and reperfused by anastomosing vessels supplying the tissue transfer to vessels near the recipient site. This technique has been used to transfer a variety of tissues and combinations of tissues including skin, muscle, bone, and bowel to solve a variety of difficult reconstructive problems. Applications, potential applications, and problems associated with microvascular free tissue transfer will be discussed in this chapter.
Insights into Hydrate Formation and Stability of Morphinanes from a Combination of Experimental and Computational Approaches (2014)

Morphine, codeine, and ethylmorphine are important drug compounds whose free bases and hydrochloride salts form stable hydrates. These compounds were used to systematically investigate the influence of the type of functional groups, the role of water molecules, and the Cl(-) counterion on molecular aggregation and solid state properties. Five new crystal structures have been determined. Additionally, structure models for anhydrous ethylmorphine and morphine hydrochloride dihydrate, two phases existing only in a very limited humidity range, are proposed on the basis of computational dehydration modeling. These match the experimental powder X-ray diffraction patterns and the structural information derived from infrared spectroscopy. All 12 structurally characterized morphinane forms (including structures from the Cambridge Structural Database) crystallize in the orthorhombic space group P212121. Hydrate formation results in higher dimensional hydrogen bond networks. The salt structures of the different compounds exhibit only little structural variation. Anhydrous polymorphs were detected for all compounds except ethylmorphine (one anhydrate) and its hydrochloride salt (no anhydrate). Morphine HCl forms a trihydrate and dihydrate. Differential scanning and isothermal calorimetry were employed to estimate the heat of the hydrate ↔ anhydrate phase transformations, indicating an enthalpic stabilization of the respective hydrate of 5.7 to 25.6 kJ mol(-1) relative to the most stable anhydrate. These results are in qualitative agreement with static 0 K lattice energy calculations for all systems except morphine hydrochloride, showing the need for further improvements in quantitative thermodynamic prediction of hydrates having water···water interactions. Thus, the combination of a variety of experimental techniques, covering temperature- and moisture-dependent stability, and computational modeling allowed us to generate sufficient kinetic, thermodynamic and structural information to understand the principles of hydrate formation of the model compounds. This approach also led to the detection of several new crystal forms of the investigated morphinanes.
This doctor works for a song. (2001)

Nearing the end of his career, he wasn&t ready to sing the retirement blues. Instead, he's singing for real.
The Therapeutic Use of Growth-Hormone-Releasing Hormone (1993)

As a significant number of children with growth hormone deficiency have been shown to be able to respond to GHRH with a rise in serum growth hormone (GH) levels, GHRH has been used to treat such children with varying success. GHRH has been given subcutaneously (SC) in GH deficient children to improve growth in dose frequencies of daily, twice daily, three-hourly overnight or three-hourly throughout the day. The dosages of GHRH used have been wide ranging, varying from 4 micrograms/kg/day to 50 micrograms/kg/day. Continuous infusion of GHRH has been shown to augment GH secretion in normal adults and GH deficient children without evidence of desensitization of the somatotrophs. Continuous SC infusion of GHRH has been shown to promote growth in short slowly growing children. Poor growth response to GHRH has been reported by some authors using daily SC injection while others reported significant growth acceleration in 42-87% of GH deficient children treated using different GHRH regimens. Although GH treatment in GH-deficient children results in more consistent growth acceleration, comparable growth response can be seen in some children treated with GHRH. The optimal mode of GHRH therapy remains to be determined, but it would appear that the growth response is dependent on the dose used and possibly on the frequency of administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Primary structure of a photoactive yellow protein from the phototrophic bacterium <i>Ectothiorhodospira halophila</i>, with evidence for the mass and the binding site of the chromophore (1993)

The complete amino acid sequence of the 125-residue photoactive yellow protein (PYP) from Ectothiorhodospira halophila has been determined to be MEHVAFGSEDIENTLAKMDDGQLDGLAFGAIQLDGDGNILQYNAAEGDITGRDPKEVIGKNFFKDVAP+ ++ CTDSPEFYGKFKEGVASGNLNTMFEYTFDYQMTPTKVKVHMKKALSGDSYWVFVKRV. This is the first sequence to be reported for this class of proteins. There is no obvious sequence homology to any other protein, although the crystal structure, known at 2.4 A resolution (McRee, D.E., et al., 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 6533-6537), indicates a relationship to the similarly sized fatty acid binding protein (FABP), a representative of a family of eukaryotic proteins that bind hydrophobic molecules. The amino acid sequence exhibits no greater similarity between PYP and FABP than for proteins chosen at random (8%). The photoactive yellow protein contains an unidentified chromophore that is bleached by light but recovers within a second. Here we demonstrate that the chromophore is bound covalently to Cys 69 instead of Lys 111 as deduced from the crystal structure analysis. The partially exposed side chains of Tyr 76, 94, and 118, plus Trp 119 appear to be arranged in a cluster and probably become more exposed due to a conformational change of the protein resulting from light-induced chromophore bleaching. The charged residues are not uniformly distributed on the protein surface but are arranged in positive and negative clusters on opposite sides of the protein. The exact chemical nature of the chromophore remains undetermined, but we here propose a possible structure based on precise mass analysis of a chromophore-binding peptide by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and on the fact that the chromophore can be cleaved off the apoprotein upon reduction with a thiol reagent. The molecular mass of the chromophore, including an SH group, is 147.6 Da (+/- 0.5 Da); the cysteine residue to which it is bound is at sequence position 69.
Design of superconducting MRI surface coil by using method of moment (2002)

A method of moment with an enhanced model to design high-temperature superconductor (HTS) RF surface coils for magnetic resonant image (MRI) is presented. The resonant frequency and quality factor (Q) of HTS RF spiral coils are simulated using this method. The agreements of resonant frequencies and Qs between the simulation and measurement are excellent with differences less than 1 % and 3 %, respectively. The 0.2-/spl mu/ m-thick YBaCuO (YBCO) thin films are deposited onto single side of 0.508-mm-thick LaAlO/sub 3/ (LAO) and sapphire substrate and patterned into a spiral shape. To accurately analyze the resonant frequency and Q of a coil, an enhanced two-fluid model is employed. HTS RF coils with diameter of 65 mm for 0.2 T and 1.5 T MRI systems are designed and fabricated with the measured Q of 19 K and 23 K, respectively. In addition, the shift of resonant frequency due to the mutual coupling between two HTS spiral coils is predicted by this method, which is important for design of HTS coil arrays in an MRI system.
Induction of toxins in Clostridium difficile is associated with dramatic changes of its metabolism (2008)

Certain amino acids, and cysteine in particular, promptly blocked toxin expression in Clostridium difficile strain VPI 10463 when added to late-exponential-phase peptone-yeast cultures, i.e. prior to normal induction of toxins A and B. Glucose reduced toxin yields by 80-fold, but only when supplemented at inoculation. Forty upregulated C. difficile proteins were identified during maximum toxin expression, and most of these were enzymes involved in energy exchange, e.g. succinate, CO/folate and butyrate metabolism. Transcription of tcdA (toxin operon) and folD (CO/folate operon) was induced by 20- and 10-fold, respectively, and with strikingly similar kinetics between OD 0.8 and 1.2. The sigma factors tcdR and sigH were upregulated simultaneously with tcdA and folD (3.5-fold increase of mRNA level), whereas transcription of tcdC, codY, sigB and sigL showed little or no correlation with that of tcdA and folD. The results suggest a connection between toxin expression, alternative energy metabolism and initial sporulation events in C. difficile.
3‐D Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) interferometry by multi‐dimensional deconvolution (2009)

Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) is an important technique in hydrocarbon exploration because it uses the large contrast in electrical resistivity to distinguish between water and hydrocarbons. In a shallow sea environment, the airwave that is refracted from the air‐water interface dominates the recorded signal at large offsets. Therefore, the hydrocarbon detection ability of the CSEM is weakened because the airwave is independent of the properties of the subsurface. For a layered earth model, we apply multi‐dimensional‐deconvolution interferometry to synthetic 3D CSEM data and estimate the reflection response of the subsurface. The difference in the models with and without a resistive layer is significantly increased by the employed interferometric analysis. However, the required receiver spacing is much denser than that of current CSEM surveys. In order to apply this technique to a field survey, we are currently working on how to relax the required receiver criterion for this technique.
Discordant humoral and cellular immune responses to<i>Cytomegalovirus</i>(CMV) in glioblastoma patients whose tumors are positive for CMV (2015)

<b>Background.</b> Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults and is nearly always fatal. Emerging evidence suggests that human <i>Cytomegalovirus</i> (HCMV) is present in 90-100% of GBMs and that add-on antiviral treatment for HCMV show promise to improve survival. <b>Methods.</b> In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of valganciclovir in 42 GBM patients, blood samples were collected for analyses of HCMV DNA, RNA, reactivity against HCMV peptides, IgG, and IgM at baseline and at 3, 12, and 24 weeks of treatment. <b>Results.</b> All 42 tumors were positive for HCMV protein. All patients examined had at least one blood sample positive for HCMV DNA, 63% were HCMV RNA positive, and 21% were IgM positive. However, 29% of GBM patients were IgG negative for HCMV. Five of these samples were positive in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that used antigens derived from a clinical isolate. Blood T cells from 11 of 13 (85%) HCMV IgG-negative GBM patients reacted against HCMV peptides. Valganciclovir did not affect IgG titers, DNA, or RNA levels of the <i>HCMV immediate early (HCMV IE)</i> gene in blood. <b>Conclusion.</b> In GBM patients, HCMV activity is higher than in healthy controls and serology is a poor test to define previous or active HCMV infection in these patients.
Clinical application of thromboelastometry in cardiovascular and thoracic surgery. (2015)

VET with ROTEM and TEG have become more integrated into the practice guidelines of multiple medical associations with increasing levels of evidence and recommendation for their use to manage perioperative bleeding. VET, in conjunction with SLT, provides a clearer picture of why a patient bleeds and how to best resolve it. In the clinical setting of CVTS, ROTEM has been shown to reduce transfusion rates and reduce costs associated with transfusion products and transfusion-related adverse events while improving patient outcomes. Incorporating VET into a hospital-wide transfusion restrictive strategy has been proven to be cost-effective and clinically beneficial but requires a multi-level commitment for planning, education and implementation.
Molecular Characterization of a Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase from a Thermophilic Cyanobacterium, Synechococcus vulcanus with Unusual Allosteric Properties (2002)

A gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was isolated from a thermophilic cyanobacterium, Synechococcus vulcanus, by screening a genomic DNA library using the coding region of Anacystis nidulans 6301 PEPC as a probe. The S. vulcanus PEPC gene (SvPEPC) had an open reading frame for a polypeptide of 1,011 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 116.4 kDa. SvPEPC was expressed in E. coli BL21 Codonplus (DE3), using pET32a as a vector. The purified recombinant SvPEPC protein with a tag showed a single band of 120 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme forms homotetramer as judged by gel filtration. SvPEPC retained full activity even after incubation at 50 degrees C for 60 min or exposure to 0.5 M guanidine-HCl at 30 degrees C for 20 h, being more stable than C4-form PEPC from Zea mays (ZmPEPC(C4)). SvPEPC activity showed a sharp optimum temperature of 42 degrees C at pH 7.5 and an optimum pH of 9.0 at 30 degrees C. The enzyme, unlike most plant PEPCs, was predominantly activated by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fruc-1,6-P(2)), and slightly stimulated by 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA), glucose 6-phosphate (Gluc-6-P), glucose 1-phosphate, Glu and Gln. Acetyl-CoA known as a strong activator of most bacterial PEPCs but not of plant PEPCs, showed no effect on the enzyme activity. SvPEPC was more sensitive to the inhibition by Asp at higher pH (9.0) than lower pH (7.0), contrary to Coccochloris peniocystis PEPC and plant PEPCs. I(0.5) for Asp was increased about 2-fold by Gluc-6-P while markedly decreased by Fruc-1,6-P(2), Glu and Gln about 3- to 4-fold. The regulation mechanism of SvPEPC is not readily interpretable by conventional allosteric models.
Amino Acid Requirement for the Propagation of Vaccinia Virus in Earle's L Cells (1969)

Summary Using Earle’s L cells, the amino acid requirement for the propagation of vaccinia virus was found to coincide with the amino acids found by Eagle (Eagle, 1955; Eagle et al. 1956) to be essential for the L cells themselves. There was no evidence that vaccinia virus particles harbour enzymes involved in amino acid synthesis.
Theory, Practice, and Applications of Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for the Characterization of Transient Low-Population States of Biological Macromolecules and Their Complexes (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTTheory, Practice, and Applications of Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for the Characterization of Transient Low-Population States of Biological Macromolecules and Their ComplexesG. Marius Clore*† and Junji Iwahara*‡View Author Information Laboratory of Chemical Physics, Building 5, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0520, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0647* E-mail: G.M.C., [email protected]; J.I., [email protected]†National Institutes of Health.‡University of Texas Medical Branch.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 9, 4108–4139Publication Date (Web):June 12, 2009Publication History Received26 January 2009Published online12 June 2009Published inissue 9 September 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr900033phttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr900033preview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10379Altmetric-Citations637LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Genetics,Macromolecules,Peptides and proteins,Solvents Get e-Alerts