gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Treatment Approaches in Advanced Renal Cancer. (2017)

Over the last decade, improved understanding of canonical pathways implicated in the unique biology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has fueled the development of several new approaches to treatment for this malignancy. Development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors; mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors; and, more recently, targeted immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors has had a major impact on the natural history of this disease. Clinical prognostic models also have played a central role in the management of metastatic disease, as well as in the design and interpretation of clinical trials. Currently, 11 regimens are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced RCC, and there is a growing role for localized approaches, including surgery, in appropriately selected patients. This article reviews current registration data for approved agents, and offers an outlook on selected novel strategies. A practical perspective on the multidisciplinary management of advanced RCC is provided, with a focus on systemic therapy.
Service-oriented network selection (2008)

The trend of merging telecommunication infrastructures with traditional IT infrastructures is becoming increasingly more common. The driver behind this development is partly the strong need for enhanced services from the telecom operator¿s side aiming for value added services provision to the customer. The effect of this new trend is that existing value chains in the Telco infrastructure will disappear and the merge between the Telco infrastructure and the IT infrastructure can bring added value to the Telco¿s network, which is needed in order to increase the willingness to pay for the services. Thus, Telecom operators are very keen on participating in the overall service delivery chain being placed on top of their transport infrastructure. This paper proposes a method, to help to propel the previously mentioned trend by enabling the user to query for aggregated composed services directly from the network edge. A network selection is therefore achived based on the services provided by the access network and their capabilities and costs, parallel to other traditional pure network-related parameters such as signal strength and network QoS.
Pulmonary disease as a complication of chlorozotocin chemotherapy. (1981)

Two of 200 patients treated with chlorozotocin have evidenced interstitial pulmonary disease. The cumulative doses of chlorozotocin were 480 and 670 mg/m2 when symptoms developed. Pulmonary function tests in both patients showed impaired diffusion, and an alveolar-arterial gradient which worsened with exercise. Open-lung biopsy in one patient showed typical interstitial inflammation and early fibrosis, and excluded lymphangitic spread of tumor. Discontinuation of chlorozotocin resulted in either improvement or stabilization of the pulmonary disease.
A Gene Expression Biomarker Provides Early Prediction and Mechanistic Assessment of Hepatic Tumor Induction by Nongenotoxic Chemicals (2007)

There are currently no accurate and well-validated short-term tests to identify nongenotoxic hepatic tumorigens, thus necessitating an expensive 2-year rodent bioassay before a risk assessment can begin. Using hepatic gene expression data from rats treated for 5 days with one of 100 structurally and mechanistically diverse nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens and nonhepatocarcinogens, a novel multigenebiomarker (i.e., signature) was derived to predict the likelihood of nongenotoxic chemicals to induce liver tumors in longer term studies. Independent validation of the signature on 47 test chemicals indicates an assay sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 81%, respectively. Alternate short-term in vivo pathological and genomic biomarkers were evaluated in parallel for comparison, including liver weight, hepatocellular hypertrophy, hepatic necrosis, serum alanine aminotransferase activity, induction of cytochrome P450 genes, and repression of Tsc-22 or alpha2-macroglobulin messenger RNA. In contrast to these biomarkers, the gene expression-based signature was more accurate. Unlike existing tests, an understanding of potential modes of action for hepatic tumorigenicity can be derived by comparison of the signature profile of test chemicals to hepatic tumorigens of known mechanism, including regenerative proliferation, proliferation associated with xenobiotic receptor activation, peroxisome proliferation, and steroid hormone-mediated mechanisms. This signature is not only more accurate than current methods, but also facilitates the identification of mode of action to aid in the early assessment of human cancer risk.
The Unique 473HD-Chondroitinsulfate Epitope Is Expressed by Radial Glia and Involved in Neural Precursor Cell Proliferation (2006)

Neural stem cells have been documented in both the developing and the mature adult CNSs of mammals. This cell population holds a considerable promise for therapeutical applications in a wide array of CNS diseases. Therefore, universally applicable strategies for the purification of this population to further its cell biological characterization are sought. Here, we report that the unique chondroitin sulfate epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody 473HD is surface expressed on actively cycling, multipotent progenitor cells of the developing telencephalon with radial glia-like properties. When used for immunopanning, the antibody enriched at least threefold for neural stem/progenitor cells characterized by the ability to self-renew as neurospheres that generated all major neural lineages in differentiation assays. In contrast, the 473HD-depleted cell fraction was mostly devoid of neurosphere-forming cells. The isolation of 473HD-positive adult multipotent progenitors from the subependymal zone of the lateral ventricle wall revealed a substantial overlap with the known adult neural stem cell marker LewisX. When the chondroitin sulfates were removed from immunoselected 473HD-positive neural stem/progenitor cell surfaces by chondroitinase ABC treatment or perturbed by the monoclonal antibody 473HD that recognizes the unique DSD-1 chondroitin sulfate epitope, the generation of neurospheres was significantly reduced. Thus, the 473HD epitope could not only be used for the isolation of multipotent neural progenitors during forebrain development as well as from the adult neurogenic niche but may also constitute a functionally important entity of the neural stem cell niche.
State budget shortfalls jeopardize children’s programs (2009)

Even if the national economy is beginning to show some signs of recovery, the outlook for state budgets remains bleak.

State budgets tend to bear the brunt of economic downturns; more people out of work and falling property values cause declines in state tax revenues, while the number of residents
Effect of tire camber on vehicle dynamic simulation for extreme cornering (2006)

Vehicle behaviors under extreme cornering are complex events that might result in rollover accidents. Simulations have been extensively used in the auto industry to protect vehicles from such accidents. Predictive capability of simulation relies on how accurate the math-based model represents the vehicle and its operating condition. Camber effects of tire are studied in this paper to promote the accuracy of simulation. First, a tire model with simplified camber effect is introduced, and the comparison between the model results and test data is shown. Then, a more precise model that includes camber effects on cornering stiffness are friction coefficient is presented. The comparison between these model results and test data is also given. In addition, the camber effects on tire overturning moment and loaded radius are studied. Finally, vehicle fishhook simulation with different tire models is conducted to further investigate the effect of tire camber on vehicle dynamics.
Numerical optimization of residual dispersion in dispersion-managed systems at 40 Gbit/s (2002)

Through numerical simulations, we optimize the amount of residual chromatic dispersion in 40 Gbit/s single-channel links. It is found proportional to the nonlinear phase, and independent on fiber local dispersion and dispersion map.
Charge Dependence of Cellular Uptake and Selective Antitumor Activity of Porphyrazines (2005)

Porphyrazines (pzs), or tetraazaporphyrins, can be viewed as porphyrinic macrocycles in which the porphyrin meso (CH) groups are replaced by nitrogen atoms; as such, it can be anticipated that pzs would show similar biocompatibility and biodistribution to those of porphyrins. However, distinctive chemical and physical features of the pzs differentiate them from either the porphyrins or phthalocyanines, in particular making them excellent candidates as optical imaging/therapeutic agents. The novelty of the pzs requires that we first determine how specific structures selectively alter biological function, leading to the development of "rules" that will be used to predict future biologically functional pzs. In the first of these studies, we present here a correlation of pz charge with biocompatibility for a suite of three pzs-neutral, negative, and positive. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and proliferation/viability measurements disclose that the three pzs differ in their toxicity, uptake, and localization in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and WI-38 VA13 normal cells. Interestingly, the negatively charged pz exhibits selective dark toxicity in pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells.
Susceptibility and resistance of ruminal bacteria to antimicrobial feed additives (1987)

Susceptibility and resistance of ruminal bacterial species to avoparcin, narasin, salinomycin, thiopeptin, tylosin, virginiamycin, and two new ionophore antibiotics, RO22-6924/004 and RO21-6447/009, were determined. Generally, antimicrobial compounds were inhibitory to gram-positive bacteria and those bacteria that have gram-positive-like cell wall structure. MICs ranged from 0.09 to 24.0 micrograms/ml. Gram-negative bacteria were resistant at the highest concentration tested (48.0 micrograms/ml). On the basis of their fermentation products, ruminal bacteria that produce lactic acid, butyric acid, formic acid, or hydrogen were susceptible and bacteria that produce succinic acid or ferment lactic acid were resistant to the antimicrobial compounds. Selenomonas ruminantium was the only major lactic acid-producing bacteria resistant to all the antimicrobial compounds tested. Avoparcin and tylosin appeared to be less inhibitory (MIC greater than 6.0 micrograms/ml) than the other compounds to the two major lactic acid-producing bacteria, Streptococcus bovis and Lactobacillus sp. Ionophore compounds seemed to be more inhibitory (MIC, 0.09 to 1.50 micrograms/ml) than nonionophore compounds (MIC, 0.75 to 12.0 micrograms/ml) to the major butyric acid-producing bacteria. Treponema bryantii, an anaerobic rumen spirochete, was less sensitive to virginiamycin than to the other antimicrobial compounds. Ionophore compounds were generally bacteriostatic, and nonionophore compounds were bactericidal. The specific growth rate of Bacteroides ruminicola was reduced by all the antimicrobial compounds except avoparcin. The antibacterial spectra of the feed additives were remarkably similar, and it appears that MICs may not be good indicators of the potency of the compounds in altering ruminal fermentation characteristics.
Another Sys Called Qanda. (2000)

2 Principal contact: This year our primary goal was to improve on the performance of our TREC-8 system. In addition to improving the system directly, we worked on a number of tools to aid our development. We continued our work on a tool for automatic scoring of system responses, a “judge” program. We designed a tool for doing regression testing of question answering systems. We developed a measure of candidate confusability which measures the effectiveness of a set of features for reducing the choices that a ranking system has to make: a coarse form of perplexity. Finally, we performed preliminary work on a method for generating supervised training data.
Optimal staffing for cyclically scheduled processes (1997)

Staffing across multiple time periods with uneven demand is a common problem in many organizations. There are many models for optimal cyclic personnel scheduling, but none of these incorporates the optimal number-of-workers problem or the optimal staff-skills-composition problem. In this paper, we introduce a variation on cyclic scheduling that incorporates discrete-event simulation and specialized data collection for a staffing plan as part of a general methodology. The result is a four-step approach based on a stochastic optimization model for scheduling and staffing an organization. We illustrate this approach with a semiconductor manufacturing case study.
Estimation of the critical concentration in an anisotropic percolation network (1991)

A formulation based on statistical arguments is presented for estimating the critical volume fraction of cylinders necessary for the formation of a three-dimensional percolation network. Parameters included in the analysis are the geometry of the cylinder and the state of orientation of the cylinders. The principal cylinder geometric parameter is shown to be the cylinder aspect ratio. The cylinder orientation distribution is described in terms of two orientation parameters; one describes the orientation state with respect to an ``axial'' orientation and the other with respect to a ``planar'' orientation. The analysis shows that the critical volume fraction for the formation of the percolation network will vary from less than 1% to more than 20%.
Structure-Property Relations in Polymers (1993)

This chapter covers the fundamental principles and current applications of Fourier transform (FT) infrared and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopies as utilized in the analysis of polymeric materials. The primary emphasis of the first part is on the principles and advantages of these interferometric methods, whereas the remaining sections illustrate numerous applications focusing on the structure-property considerations in polymers. Particular attention is given to the most recent developments in FT analysis and includes examples of structural and conformational analysis of polymers, biological studies, and the applications of FT infrared and Raman microscopy to remote measurements. The differences and the complementary nature of infrared and Raman spectroscopies are also presented.
Externalization of Annexin I from A Folliculo-Stellate-Like Cell Line (2002)

Our recent studies on rat pituitary tissue suggest that the annexin I-dependent inhibitory actions of glucocorticoids may not be exerted directly on endocrine cells but indirectly via folliculo-stellate (FS) cells. FS cells contain glucocorticoid receptors and abundant annexin I. We have studied the localization of annexin I in FS cells and the ability of dexamethasone to induce annexin I secretion by an FS (TtT/GF) cell line, using Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Exposure of TtT/GF cells to dexamethasone (0.1 micro M, 3 h) caused an increase in the amount of annexin I protein in the intracellular compartment and attached to the surface of the cells. In nonpermeabilized cells, immunofluorescence labeling revealed that annexin I immunoreactivity was associated with the cell surface and concentrated in focal patches on the ends of cytoplasmic processes; dexamethasone (0.1 micro M, 3 h) increased both the number and intensity of these foci. Immunogold electron microscopy confirmed in anterior pituitary tissue the presence of immunoreactive-annexin at the surface of FS cell processes contacting endocrine cells. These data support our hypothesis that annexin I is released by FS cells in response to glucocorticoids to mediate glucocorticoid inhibitory actions on pituitary hormone release via a juxtacrine mechanism.
Genetic Studies of A Multi-Resistant Strain of Staphylococcus Aureus (1974)

SUMMARY A multi-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (no. 649MR) containing eight plasmids was constructed in vitro. Chloramphenicol resistance and pigment production were less stable in strain 649MR than when present singly in strain 649. Chloramphenicol resistance could not be transduced from strain 649MR to other strains. Recombination occurred between only two of the plasmids in strain 649MR; these determined (1) metal-ion resistance only (mir-r) and (2) resistance to erythromycin and production of penicillinase in addition to metal-ion resistance (pen +). The plasmid-DNA content of the multi-resistant strain was only 60% of that expected from analysis of the individual plasmids in the host strain, and this could be only partially explained by interaction between the mir-r and pen + plasmids. These findings suggest that under natural conditions the number of plasmids that a staphylococcal cell can maintain will be limited and that recombination will be confined to the “penicillinase plasmids”. The mechanism or mechanisms that limit the number of plasmids within the cell are not known, but factors additional to plasmid incompatibility must operate. The existence of plasmids as multiple copies cannot be accounted for entirely as a means for ensuring their distribution at cell division, nor as provision of maximum levels of antibiotic resistance, but may be related to transfer between cells by transduction.
Band Structure of the Intermetallic Semiconductors from Pressure Experiments (1961)

Three types of conduction band extrema in the (000), (100), and (111) directions in k space seem to determine many of the properties of the group 4 and group 3–5 semiconductors. Early experimental work on the pressure coefficients of the energy separations of these extrema from the valence band maximum energy, carried out on Ge (111), (000), (100), Si (100), and InSb (000), suggested that the three pressure coefficients might be independent of the specific element or compound in the group 4 and group 3–5 series. This work is discussed in detail, and the theoretical basis is briefly considered. All of the completed pressure measurements on these compounds are critically reviewed, and the correlation of unique pressure coefficients with specific band edges examined. It is demonstrated that pressure experiments can be planned to show up details of the band structure unavailable for study at atmospheric pressure. Particular attention is paid to GaP, and a new model for excess absorption occurring in n-type samples of this compound and in Si, GaAs, and AlSb is suggested. The application of similar techniques to PbS, PbSe, and PbTe is discussed, and results of electrical and optical measurements of energy gap and electron and hole mobilities presented.
Differential Regulation of Formyl Peptide and Platelet-activating Factor Receptors (1998)

Formylated peptides (e.g. n-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) mediate chemotactic and cytotoxic responses in leukocytes through receptors coupled to G proteins that activate phospholipase C (PLC). In RBL-2H3 cells, fMLP utilizes a pertussis toxin (ptx)-sensitive G protein to activate PLC, whereas PAF utilizes a ptx-insensitive G protein. Here we demonstrate that fMLP, but not PAF, enhanced intracellular cAMP levels via a ptx-sensitive mechanism. Protein kinase A (PKA) inhibition by H-89 enhanced inositol phosphate formation stimulated by fMLP but not PAF. Furthermore, a membrane-permeable cAMP analog 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (cpt-cAMP) inhibited phosphoinositide hydrolysis and secretion stimulated by fMLP but not PAF. Both cpt-cAMP and fMLP stimulated PLCbeta3 phosphorylation in intact RBL cells. The purified catalytic subunit of PKA phosphorylated PLCbeta3 immunoprecipitated from RBL cell lysate. Pretreatment of intact cells with cpt-cAMP and fMLP, but not PAF, resulted in an inhibition of subsequent PLCbeta3 phosphorylation by PKA in vitro. These data demonstrate that fMLP receptor, which couples to a ptx-sensitive G protein, activates both PLC and cAMP production. The resulting PKA activation phosphorylates PLCbeta3 and appears to block the ability of Gbetagamma to activate PLC. Thus, both fMLP and PAF generate stimulatory signals for PLCbeta3, but only fMLP produces a PKA-dependent inhibitory signal. This suggests a novel mechanism for the bidirectional regulation of receptors which activate PLC by ptx-sensitive G proteins.
SOLVENT FREE BECKMANN REARRANGEMENT OF KETOXIMES BY ANHYDROUS FERRIC CHLORIDE (2001)

Beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes is achieved efficiently by anhydrous FeCl3 in the absence of solvent. Unsymmetrical oximes are selectively produced one of the two possible products in good yields. Similar reactions are not occurred in the presence of solvent.
MEK Kinase 2 Binds and Activates Protein Kinase C-related Kinase 2 (2000)

MEK kinase 2 (MEKK2) is a 70-kDa protein serine/threonine kinase that has been shown to function as a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase. MEKK2 has its kinase domain in the COOH-terminal moiety of the protein. The NH(2)-terminal moiety of MEKK2 has no signature motif that would suggest a defined regulatory function. Yeast two-hybrid screening was performed to identify proteins that bind MEKK2. Protein kinase C-related kinase 2 (PRK2) was found to bind MEKK2; PRK2 has been previously shown to bind RhoA and the Src homology 3 domain of Nck. PRK2 did not bind MEKK3, which is closely related to MEKK2. The MEKK2 binding site maps to amino acids 637-660 in PRK2, which is distinct from the binding sites for RhoA and Nck. This sequence is divergent in the closely related kinase PRK1, which did not bind MEKK2. In cells, MEKK2 and PRK2 are co-immunoprecipitated and PRK2 is activated by MEKK2. Similarly, purified recombinant MEKK2 activated PRK2 in vitro. MEKK2 activation of PRK2 is independent of MEKK2 regulation of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase pathway. MEKK2 activation of PRK2 results in a bifurcation of signaling for the dual control of MAPK pathways and PRK2 regulated responses.
Evolution of Toxicity upon Wet Catalytic Oxidation of Phenol (2003)

This work reports on the evolution of the toxicity of phenol-containing simulated wastewater upon catalytic wet oxidation with a commercial copper-based catalyst (Engelhard Cu-0203T). The results of the study show that this catalyst enhances detoxification, in addition to its effect on the oxidation rate. The EC50 values of the intermediates identified throughout the oxidation route of phenol have been determined and used to predict the evolution of toxicity upon oxidation. The predicted values have been compared with the ones measured directly from the aqueous solution during the oxidation process. To learn about the evolution of toxicity through out the routes of phenol oxidation, experiments have been performed with simulated wastewaters containing separately phenol, catechol, and hydroquinone as original pollutants. The significant increase of toxicity observed during the early stages of phenol oxidation is not directly related to the development of the brown color that derives mainly from catechol oxidation. This increase of toxicity is caused by the formation of hydroquinone and p-benzoquinone as intermediates, the former showing the highest toxicity. Furthermore, synergistic effects, giving rise to a significant increase of toxicity, have been observed. These effects derive from the interactions among copper leached from the catalyst and catechol, hydroquinone, and p-benzoquinone and demand that close attention be paid to this potential problem in catalytic wet oxidation.