gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INCLUSION COMPLEX SYSTEM; A NOVEL TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE THE SOLUBILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF POORLY SOLUBLE DRUGS: A REVIEW (2010)

Orally administered drugs completely absorb only when they show fair solubility in gastric medium and such drugs shows good bioavailability. The solubility and dissolution properties of drugs play an important role in the process of formulation development. Problem of solubility is a major challenge for formulation scientist which can be solved by different technological approaches during the pharmaceutical product development work. Solid dispersion, solvent deposition, micronization are some vital approaches routinely employed to enhance the solubility of poorly water soluble drugs. Each approach suffers with some limitations and advantages. Among all, complexation technique has been employed more precisely to improve the aqueous solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. Cyclodextrins, the unique cyclic carbohydrates are successfully utilized as the potential complexing agents which form inclusion complex with insoluble drugs. A comprehensive literature survey was made collect the rightful utilization of cyclodextrins as complexing agents and permeation enhancers. Various techniques have been investigated to explain the methods for preparation of inclusion complexes. In the present review, an attempt was made to discuss various complexation techniques and tried to briefly highlight the potential applications, technical and economical limitations associated with these approaches.
Development and field experiments of phased array antenna for land vehicle satellite communications (1992)

A planar phased array antenna and a new beam tracking system have been developed for land vehicle satellite communications. Field experiments have been conducted with the ETS-V satellite to confirm that the beam tracking system functions very well. As a result, it was found that the beam was maintained toward the satellite with a pointing error of 15 degrees , and the variation of received signal level due to tracking error was less than 2 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
REVIEWS (1988)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access TOM PAULIN (ed. ) The Faber Book of Political Verse ( 1986). Pp. 482. £8.95 paperback. CHRISTOPHER HILL CHRISTOPHER HILL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar History Workshop Journal, Volume 25, Issue 1, SPRING 1988, Pages 197–199, https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/25.1.197 Published: 01 March 1988
Interaction of immunoactive monokines (interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor) in the bivalve mollusc Mytilus edulis. (1990)

Mytilus edulis has been the subject of recent studies to determine whether the relationship between the immune and neuroendocrine systems seen in vertebrates also exists in invertebrates. The effects of mammalian monokines were studied in Mytilus immunocytes previously shown to produce and react to opioid peptides. These invertebrate cells respond to interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), both in vitro and in vivo, in a manner similar to that of human granulocytes. As in the mammalian monokine network, the effect of IL-1 on the immunocytes is brought about, at least in part, by its stimulatory effect on the formation of TNF. In addition, the presence of immunoreactive IL-1 and TNF in Mytilus hemolymph was demonstrated.
Universal Recovery of the Energy-Level Degeneracy of Bright Excitons in InGaAs Quantum Dots without a Structure Symmetry (2012)

The lack of structural symmetry which usually characterizes semiconductor quantum dots lifts the energetic degeneracy of the bright excitonic states and hampers severely their use as high-fidelity sources of entangled photons. We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that it is always possible to restore the excitonic degeneracy by the simultaneous application of large strain and electric fields. This is achieved by using one external perturbation to align the polarization of the exciton emission along the axis of the second perturbation, which then erases completely the energy splitting of the states. This result, which holds for any quantum dot structure, highlights the potential of combining complementary external fields to create artificial atoms meeting the stringent requirements posed by scalable semiconductor-based quantum technology.
The art of blocking <scp>ADP</scp>‐ribosyltransferases (<scp>ART</scp>s): Nanobodies as experimental and therapeutic tools to block mammalian and toxin <scp>ART</scp>s (2013)

In 1901, the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Emil von Behring for his ground-breaking discovery of serum therapy: serum from horses vaccinated with toxin-containing culture medium of Corynebacterium diphtheriae contained life-saving 'antitoxins'. The molecular nature of the ADP-ribosylating toxin and the neutralizing antibodies were unraveled only 50 years later. Today, von Behring's antibody therapy is being refined with a new generation of recombinant antibodies and antibody fragments. Nanobodies, which are single-domain antibodies derived from the peculiar heavy-chain antibodies of llamas and other camelids, are emerging as a promising new class of highly specific enzyme inhibitors. In this review, we illustrate the potential of nanobodies as tools to block extracellular and intracellular ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), using the toxin-related membrane-bound mammalian ecto-enzyme ARTC2 and the actin-ADP-ribosylating Salmonella virulence plasmid factor B toxin of Salmonella enterica as examples.
Skinfakse. Service Integrated Radio System for Road Traffic (2005)

This paper describes the initial stages of a study in mobile telematics. The system under study will serve as a carrier of mobile services in confined areas, where conventional cellular deployment fails to provide adequate coverage. The system will also provide enhanced opportunities for distribution of local traffic information and accurate location determination and updating. The motivation behind developing the system is given, followed by a description of the system itself and the design criteria.
Surface plasmon-photosensitizer resonance coupling: an enhanced singlet oxygen production platform for broad-spectrum photodynamic inactivation of bacteria (2014)

Singlet oxygen plays a critical role in a great number of applications including photodynamic therapy of cancers, photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms, photooxidation, and photodegradation of polymers. Herein we demonstrate a general platform to improve singlet oxygen production via resonance coupling between surface plasmon and photosensitizers. By loading photosensitizers into mesoporous silica containing silver nanoparticles, strong resonance coupling between the photosensitizers and the silver core markedly increases the singlet oxygen production, by up to three orders of magnitude in some cases. It is observed that the more spectral overlap between the surface plasmon resonance spectrum of the silver core and the photosensitizers' absorption spectra, the greater the singlet oxygen production. The as-synthesized hybrids have shown exceptionally high photoinactivation efficiency against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This work establishes a general platform to improve singlet oxygen production and to develop more effective and efficient hybrid photosensitizers for broad-spectrum photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.
Heterologous expression of the bacteriocin mesentericin Y105 using the dedicated transport system and the general secretion pathway (1998)

Two different N-terminal extensions have been identified within class II bacteriocin precursors. The first one is a two-glycine-type leader peptide associated with a dedicated ATP-binding cassette transporter. The second is a signal peptide which directs the bacteriocin precursor to the general secretion machinery. Mesentericin Y105 is a class II anti-Listeria bacteriocin produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides Y105 via a dedicated transport system (DTS). To investigate heterologous expression systems capable of producing mesentericin Y105 in various hosts, two different secretion vectors were constructed. One of them, containing the mesentericin Y105 structural gene fused to the segment encoding the divergicin A signal peptide, was introduced into Escherichia coli, Leuconostoc subsp. and Lactococcus subsp. In E. coli, mesentericin Y105 production was linked to a putative periplasmic toxicity. To take advantage of this secretion system, the mesentericin Y105 precursor was also produced in E. coli. It was demonstrated that this pre-bacteriocin exhibited some antagonistic activity against Listeria. To allow for a comparison between the two different transport systems, mesentericin Y105 production using the vector containing the mesentericin Y105 structural gene and its DTS transporter operon was examined. The production of mesentericin Y105 was monitored by a new fast purification method followed by MS analysis. It was shown that, in Leuconostoc, the production of mesentericin Y105 is enhanced via the DTS compared to the general secretion pathway.
Fat Utilization in Germinating Douglas Fir Seed (1963)

In contrast to angiosperm seeds, little is known regarding the metabolic pattern of formation, quiescence, and germination in gymnosperm seed (9, 19). The major food reserve in Douglas fir seed was found to be fats (5, 7) and an increase of carbohydrates accompanying a rapid decrease of glycerides was observed during germination of the seed (6,7). The quantitative changes of lipid fractions with germination, and various fatty acids in free form, in glycerides, and in acetone insoluble phospholipids will be reported in this paper.
Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on growth and differentiation of pancreatic ductal epithelium. (1997)

Endocrine and exocrine pancreatic morphogenesis is known to occur from ductal epithelium, but the factors that regulate this process are unknown. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular permeability factor has recently been reported to affect fetal islet ontogenesis. VEGF is an angiogenic factor with a growth-promoting effect that is thought to be restricted to vascular endothelial cells. We demonstrated that VEGF is also a mitogen for adult rat pancreatic duct epithelial cells in primary culture. VEGF supplementation to a serum-free culture medium increased the 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-pulse labeling index of ductal cells more than 2-fold. Immunohistochemical staining and protein blots revealed that pancreatic duct cells express fetal liver kinase-1 high-affinity receptors for VEGF. In pancreatic tissue, immunohistochemistry shows that VEGF peptide is expressed in normal pancreatic islet cells. In duct ligation-induced acute pancreatitis, numerous inflammatory leukocytes containing VEGF were seen to infiltrate between hyperplastic ducts. In the latter model, islet neogenesis has previously been observed. Our data indicate the possibility that VEGF plays a role in the paracrine regulation of ductal growth and differentiation in vivo, eg, in pancreatitis. In vitro, however, VEGF did not induce endocrine differentiation of ductal cells, indicating that it is not the only factor required for the activation of islet neogenesis.
Breaking Visual CAPTCHAs with Naive Pattern Recognition Algorithms (2007)

Visual CAPTCHAs have been widely used across the Internet to defend against undesirable or malicious bot programs. In this paper, we document how we have broken most such visual schemes provided at Captchaservice.org, a publicly available web service for CAPTCHA generation. These schemes were effectively resistant to attacks conducted using a high-quality Optical Character Recognition program, but were broken with a near 100% success rate by our novel attacks. In contrast to early work that relied on sophisticated computer vision or machine learning algorithms, we used simple pattern recognition algorithms but exploited fatal design errors that we discovered in each scheme. Surprisingly, our simple attacks can also break many other schemes deployed on the Internet at the time of writing: their design had similar errors. We also discuss defence against our attacks and new insights on the design of visual CAPTCHA schemes.
Pedestrian detection based on LIDAR-driven sliding window and relational parts-based detection (2013)

The most standard image object detectors are usually comprised of one or multiple feature extractors or classifiers within a sliding window framework. Nevertheless, this type of approach has demonstrated a very limited performance under datasets of cluttered scenes and real life situations. To tackle these issues, LIDAR space is exploited here in order to detect 2D objects in 3D space, avoiding all the inherent problems of regular sliding window techniques. Additionally, we propose a relational parts-based pedestrian detection in a probabilistic non-iid framework. With the proposed framework, we have achieved state-of-the-art performance in a pedestrian dataset gathered in a challenging urban scenario. The proposed system demonstrated superior performance in comparison with pure sliding-window-based image detectors.
Sol-Gel Glasses (1985)

Multicomponent homogeneous, ultrapure noncrystalline gels/gel derived glasses are promising batch materials for the containerless glass melting experiments in microgravity. Hence, ultrapure, homogeneous gel precursors could be used to: (1) investigate the effect of the container induced nucleation on the glass forming ability of marginally glass forming compositions; and (2) investigate the influence of gravity on the phase separation and coarsening behavior of gel derived glasses in the liquid-liquid immiscibility zone of the nonsilicate systems having a high density phase. The structure and crystallization behavior of gels in the SiO2-GeO2 as a function of gel chemistry and thermal treatment were investigated. As are the chemical principles involved in the distribution of a second network former in silica gel matrix being investigated. The procedures for synthesizing noncrystalline gels/gel-monoliths in the SiO2-GeO2, GeO2-PbO systems were developed. Preliminary investigations on the levitation and thermal treatment of germania silicate gel-monoliths in the Pressure Facility Acoustic Levitator were done.
L-Citrulline increases hepatic sensitivity to insulin by reducing the phosphorylation of serine 1101 in insulin receptor substrate-1 (2015)

We herein demonstrated for the first time the beneficial effects of L-Cit on improved insulin resistance associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity. These results may have clinical applications for insulin resistance and the treatment of type-2 diabetes.
Optimal control of coupled Josephson qubits (2007)

In two and three coupled Josephson charge qubits, we exemplify how to take pulses for realizing quantum gates from fidelity-limited pioneering stages to the decoherence limit of near time optimal high-fidelity controls. Thus, a CNOT gate can be obtained with a fidelity $>1$--${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ for the two qubits. Even when including higher charge states, the leakage is below $1%$, although the pulses are nonadiabatic. The controls are five times faster than the pioneering experiment [Nature (London) 425, 941 (2003)] for otherwise identical parameters---i.e., a progress towards the error-correction threshold by a factor of 100. We outline schemes to generate these shaped pulses by Cauer synthesis, or more generally by few LCR circuits. The approach generalizes to larger systems: e.g., directly realizing a TOFFOLI gate in three linearly coupled charge qubits is shown to be 13 times faster than decomposing it into a circuit of nine CNOT gates of the above experimental work. In view of the next generation of fast pulse shapers, the combination of methods is designed to find wide application in quantum control of pseudospin and macroscopic quantum systems.
Study of Vuggy Carbonates using X-Ray CT Scanner and NMR (2002)

Abstract Most existing permeability correlations for carbonates assume that vugs do not contribute to permeability. This may not always be the case, since vugs may be connected in some formations and contribute to the permeability. The objectives of this work are to identify vug connectivity by using X-ray CT scan and thin-section images of carbonates and to improve the NMR correlation for carbonates system. Six carbonate samples from Yates West Texas field were studied. Porosity and permeability of each sample were measured. The pore size distribution of these rocks is characterized by mercury porosimetry and NMR T2 measurements. Thin sections in the horizontal and vertical directions were prepared from the end pieces of the samples and were analyzed by using optical microscope. CT scanning of the core materials shows that porosity varies significantly along the core length. Some samples also show very distinct preferentially flow path, which affected the oil recovery. As revealed by the thin section analysis, the permeability of the samples studied is controlled either by the intergranular porosity or by the small channel that connects different vugs. The results of capillary pressure and NMR T2 measurement shows multimodal pore throat and pore body size distributions. The permeability is estimated by using effective medium approximation. All parameters used in effective medium approximation are derived from NMR T2 distribution by fitting with trimodal Weibull distribution. A better understanding of the contribution of vugs to permeability of carbonates is developed from this study.
Power of Daughter and Granddaughter Designs for Determining Linkage Between Marker Loci and Quantitative Trait Loci in Dairy Cattle (1990)

There is considerable interest in bovine DNA-level polymorphic marker loci as a means of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) of economic importance in cattle. Progeny of a sire heterozygous for both a marker locus and a linked QTL, which inherit different alleles for the marker, will have different trait means. Based on this, power to detect QTL, as a function of QTL effect, heritability of the trait, and number of animals tested was determined for 1) daughter design, marker genotype and quantitative trait values assessed on daughters of sires heterozygous for the markers; and 2) granddaughter design, a newly devised alternative design in which marker genotype is determined on sons of heterozygous sires and quantitative trait value measured on daughters of the sons. For equal numbers of assays, power increased with the number of daughters per sire (design 1) and sons per grandsire (design 2). For equal power and heritability less than or equal to .2, design 2 required half as many marker assays as design 1, e.g., with heritability of .2, QTL effect of .2 SD units, and type 1 error of .01, power was .70 if 400 daughters of each of 10 sires were assayed for the markers and .95 if markers were assayed on 100 sons of each of 20 sires with 50 granddaughters per son.
Involvement of Ceramide in Ischemic Tolerance Induced by Preconditioning with Sublethal Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in Primary Cultured Cortical Neurons of Rats (2010)

The complex molecular cascades of ischemic tolerance in brain cells remain unclear. Recently, sphingolipid-related metabolite ceramide has been implicated as a second messenger in many biological functions, including neuronal survival and death. The present study, therefore, examined the roles of ceramide (Cer) in ischemic tolerance induced by preconditioning with sublethal oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) using primary cultured cortical neurons of rats. Preconditioning of the neurons with sublethal 1-h OGD produced robust neuroprotection against cell death induced by lethal 3-h OGD imposed 12 h after preconditioning when measured by the MTT assay. Analysis of sphingolipids using LC-MS/MS showed that the ischemic preconditioning resulted in significant increases in the levels of C(16 : 0) Cer, C(18 : 0) Cer, C(20 : 0) Cer, C(24 : 0) Cer, C(24 : 1) Cer and the total ceramide contents compared with the sham-washed control group. However, sphingomyelin contents were not significantly changed by the ischemic preconditioning, suggesting that ceramides were increased through the de novo synthetic pathway. In the case of severe OGD paradigm, levels of ceramide and sphingomyelin in the lethal OGD group were not significantly different from those of the control group or the lethal OGD group with preconditioning at any time points studied. Treatment with an inhibitor of de novo ceramide synthesis, fumonisin B(1), during the ischemic preconditioning period completely blocked preconditioning-induced ischemic tolerance. Moreover, application of a non-cytotoxic concentration of exogenous cell-permeable ceramide produced neuroprotection against lethal OGD. The results suggest that ceramides increased by sublethal OGD preconditioning play an important role in induction of ischemic tolerance.
Connectivity-Based Localization of Large Scale Sensor Networks with Complex Shape (2008)

We study the problem of localizing a large sensor network having a complex shape, possibly with holes. A major challenge with respect to such networks is to figure out the correct network layout, i.e., avoid global flips where a part of the network folds on top of another. Our algorithm first selects landmarks on network boundaries with sufficient density, then constructs the landmark Voronoi diagram and its dual combinatorial Delaunay complex on these landmarks. The key insight is that the combinatorial Delaunay complex is provably globally rigid and has a unique realization in the plane. Thus an embedding of the landmarks by simply gluing the Delaunay triangles properly recovers the faithful network layout. With the landmarks nicely localized, the rest of the nodes can easily localize themselves by trilateration to nearby landmark nodes. This leads to a practical and accurate localization algorithm for large networks using only network connectivity. Simulations on various network topologies show surprisingly good results. In comparison, previous connectivity-based localization algorithms such as multi-dimensional scaling and rubberband representation generate globally flipped or distorted localization results.
Terahertz imaging system based on LT-GaAsSb antenna driven by all-semiconductor femtosecond source (2006)

A source of terahertz radiation based on a LT-GaAsSb antenna excited by a 1.04 µm 480 fs pulse train from a vertical external cavity surface emitting laser is described. Images of samples were acquired using bolometer detection.
A miniature fully-passive microwave back-scattering device for short-range telemetry of neural potentials (2008)

This paper describes a fully passive telemetry technique based on microwave backscattering. In this technique, a subharmonically-pumped passive mixer is coupled to a bio-probe and one or two miniature antennas. When interrogated by an RF excitation, this device generates an amplitude modulated RF backscattering component centered at twice the frequency of excitation. An external sensitive receiver can be used to demodulate the backscattering component and recover the bio-potential. A simple prototype based on solid state diodes has been fabricated and tested for 2.4/4.8 GHz and has the dimensions of 11.5x4.6 mm2 and thickness of approximately 1 mm. Experiments with this very simple device show that low-frequency signals (fm<1 kHz) as low as 1 mV can results in double-sideband levels of greater than -126 dBm for an incident RF power of less than 1 mW/cm2. The proposed device is intended to be coated with an insulating bio-compatible coating and serve as a telemetry chip for chronic implantation inside the body.