gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A neural substrate for atypical low-level visual processing in autism spectrum disorder (2008)

An important characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increased visual detail perception. Yet, there is no standing neurobiological explanation for this aspect of the disorder. We show evidence from EEG data, from 31 control subjects (three females) and 13 subjects (two females) aged 16-28 years, for a specific impairment in object boundary detection in ASD, which is present as early as 120 ms after stimulus presentation. In line with a neural network model explicating the role of feedforward, horizontal and recurrent processing in visual perception, we can attribute this deficit to a dysfunction of horizontal connections within early visual areas. Interestingly, ASD subjects showed an increase in subsequent activity at lateral occipital sites (225 ms), which might reflect a compensational mechanism. In contrast, recurrent processing between higher and lower visual areas (around 260 ms), associated with the segregation between figure and background, was normal. Our results show specific neural abnormalities in ASD related to low-level visual processing. In addition, given the reconciliation between our findings and previous neuropathology and neurochemistry research, we suggest that atypical horizontal interactions might reflect a more general neural abnormality in this disorder.
Two New Camels from the Late Lower Pliocene of South Dakota (1939)

Two New Camels from the Late Lower Pliocene of South Dakota Get access Joseph T. Gregory Joseph T. Gregory Museum of Vertebrate Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 20, Issue 3, 14 August 1939, Pages 366–368, https://doi.org/10.2307/1374267 Published: 14 August 1939
Characterization, design, and optimization of a two-pass twisted nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator system for arbitrary complex modulation (2017)

Arbitrary two-dimensional complex modulation of an optical field is a powerful tool for coherent optical systems. No single spatial light modulator (SLM) offers true arbitrary complex modulation, but they can be combined in order to achieve this. In this work, two sides of a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal SLM are used sequentially to implement different arbitrary modulation schemes. In order to fully explore and exploit the rich modulation behavior offered by a TN device, a generalized Jones matrix approach is used. A method for in situ characterization of the SLM inside the two-pass system is demonstrated, where each side of the SLM is independently characterized. This characterization data is then used to design appropriate polarizer configurations to implement arbitrary complex modulation schemes (albeit without 100% efficiency). Finally, an in situ optimization technique that corrects states by applying a translation in the complex plane is demonstrated. This technique can correct both for variations across the SLM and bulk changes in the SLM behavior due to the changing temperature.
Global clean energy in 2017 (2017)

During the November 2016 Climate Change Conference in Marrakesh, much talk centered on implementation of the political commitments made in Paris in 2015. Governments are now focused on putting their words into action as they prepare for the first official stocktake in 2018. Innovation will have an essential role to play.
Conformation dependence of integrin-type II collagen binding: Inability of collagen peptides to support α2β1 binding, and mediation of adhesion to denatured collagen by a novel α5β1-fibronectin bridge (1994)

The mechanism of interaction of chondrocytic cells with cartilage-specific type II collagen has been examined using HCS-2/8 human chondrosarcoma cells as a model system. By the criteria of specific collagen secretion and integrin expression profile, HCS-2/8 have a similar differentiated phenotype to normal chondrocytes and are therefore a good model system. HCS-2/8 cells were able to attach and spread on both native and heat-denatured pepsinised type II collagen, and assays using denatured cyanogen bromide fragments apparently localised the major cell binding site to the CB10 fragment. However, when they were used as soluble inhibitors, cyanogen bromide fragments were found to block adhesion to denatured collagen, but had no effect on either attachment or spreading on the native molecule. The inability of cyanogen bromide fragments to reproduce the cell binding site of native collagen demonstrated a strict dependence on collagen conformation. This was also reflected in the receptors that were employed by HCS-2/8 cells for binding to type II collagen: binding to native collagen was mediated by the integrin alpha 2 beta 1 while binding to denatured collagen was mediated by a novel alpha 5 beta 1-fibronectin bridge. The identification of this bridge adds to the mechanisms by which cells can bind to denatured collagens. The previously characterised KDGEA active site peptide from type I collagen was found to be inactive as an inhibitor of type II collagen-mediated adhesion. The implications of these findings for the strategies used to identify adhesive active sites within collagens are discussed. In particular, these data suggest that, unlike other integrin ligands, a synthetic peptide-based approach is not suitable for the identification of collagen active sites.
Steady-state analysis of the symmetrical push-pull power converter employing a matrix transformer (1992)

Data published for the symmetrical push-pull power converter (SPPPC) show that the matrix transformer and the cross-coupling capacitors in this buck-type topology introduce unusual waveforms and properties. Circuit operation is examined in order to seek a simplified explanation of the published observations. Steady-state performance is analyzed and design equations are developed using state-space averaging. It is found that the SPPPC is equivalent to the conventional push-pull converter with an input filter as far as steady-state behavior and voltage/current ripple are concerned. Despite the presence of the cross-coupling capacitors, the currents in the primary windings in series with the same switch are identical. The RMS current in the primary windings of the SPPPC is lower than that in the conventional push-pull converter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of dihydropyridines that reduce cellular tau levels (2010)

A series of dihydropyridines were identified that have an effect on the accumulation of tau, an important target in Alzheimer's disease. The dihydropyridine collection was expanded using the Hantzsch multicomponent reaction to develop preliminary structure-activity relationships.
Monoclonal Antibodies (1998)

Like all great discoveries, the procedure developed by George Kohler and Cesar Milstein for immortalizing antibody producing B-lymphocytes () is essentially simple, namely, mix B-lymphocytes from the spleen of an immunized rodent with a continuously proliferating B-lymphoma cell line, then induce their membranes to fuse to give a single antibody-secreting cell (hybridoma) that will proliferate indefinitely Importantly, each hybndoma will secrete antibodies with a specificity for only one antigenic epitope, I e., the antibodies are monoclonal It is this property, together with the ability to produce unlimited amounts of antibody, that has revolutionized the use of antibodies in many areas of biological and medical research, and has found important applications not only in clinical diagnosis and therapy, but also for large-scale purification of biological materials Indeed, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are essential tools for the cell and molecular biologist and their use has unlocked the doors behind which the function of many proteins and other cellular molecules would have lain hidden
Protective effects of an adenosine deaminase inhibitor on ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated perfused rat heart (1990)

We tested the effect of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenosine (EHNA) on ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated perfused rat heart. In the ischemia-reperfusion group (n = 10), ventricular fibrillation occurred within 3 min of reperfusion after the 40-min ischemic period. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation was 90% with a mean duration of 3.15 +/- 0.97 (SE) min. Resting tension increased significantly. By contrast, the incidence of ventricular fibrillation after reperfusion in the EHNA-treated (5 microM) group (n = 10) was 20% (P less than 0.01), and the duration was 0.30 +/- 0.21 min (P less than 0.01). Resting tension was significantly lower and around the normal level in the EHNA-treated group (P less than 0.01). Contraction amplitude and heart rate recovered to nearly normal compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group (P less than 0.01). Coronary flow was greater in the EHNA-treated group (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that EHNA protects the heart, possibly by accumulation of adenosine that benefits the hearts and by blocking the xanthine oxidase pathway for free radical generation.
Ganglioside G<sub>M1</sub>-Mediated Amyloid-beta Fibrillogenesis and Membrane Disruption (2007)

There is increasing evidence that a class of cell membrane glycolipids, gangliosides, can mediate the fibrillogenesis and toxicity of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta). Using lipid monolayers and vesicles as model membranes, we measured the insertion of Abeta into 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC)-ganglioside GM1 monolayers to probe Abeta-GM1 interactions, imaged the effects of Abeta insertion on monolayer morphology, and measured the rate of Abeta fibril formation when incubated with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC)-GM1 vesicles. Furthermore, the location of Abeta association in the monolayer was assessed by dual-probe fluorescence experiments. Abeta exhibited direct and favorable interactions with GM1 as Abeta insertion monotonically increased with GM1 concentration, despite increases in monolayer rigidity at low GM1 levels. At low GM1 concentrations, Abeta preferentially inserted into the disordered, liquid expanded phase. At higher GM1 concentrations, Abeta inserted more uniformly into the monolayer, resulting in no detectable preferences for either the disordered or condensed phase. Abeta insertion led to the disruption of membrane morphology, specifically to the expansion of the disordered phase at low GM1 concentrations and significant disruption of the condensed domains at higher GM1 concentrations. During incubation with POPC vesicles containing physiological levels of GM1, the association of Abeta with vesicles seeded the formation of Abeta fibrils. In conclusion, favorable interactions between Abeta and GM1 in the cell membrane may provide a mechanism for Abeta fibrillogenesis in vivo, and Abeta-induced disruption of the cell membrane may provide a pathway by which Abeta exerts toxicity.
Penalty-free dispersion-managed soliton transmission over a 100-km low-loss PCF (2006)

A long photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) with a low loss was successfully fabricated by first preparing a large pure silica glass preform. The fiber is 100 km long and has a low loss of 0.3 dB/km at 1550 nm. The fiber has a Rayleigh scattering coefficient of 0.85 dB/(km/spl middot//spl mu/m/sup 4/), which is the lowest value ever reported in a PCF. Using this fiber, the first penalty-free dispersion-managed soliton transmission at 10 Gb/s was achieved in a PCF.
Preclinical Evidence on the Psychotropic Profile of Fluvoxamine (1993)

Serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluvoxamine are interesting compounds. Initially launched as antidepressants, they have been found to be active in various psychiatric disorders besides depression, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and eating disturbances. Preliminary data suggest their efficacy in alcohol and drug abuse, aggression, and posttraumatic stress disorder as well. Along with those clinical findings, new preclinical data have emerged. For example, fluvoxamine has demonstrated activity in various models of anxiety in rodents. Its anxiolytic activity can be clearly discriminated from that of the benzodiazepines. In the DRL 72-sec paradigm, fluvoxamine exhibits a good antidepressant profile, similar to those of imipramine and flesinoxan. Studies have shown that fluvoxamine does not down-regulate beta-adrenoceptors; apparently, that property is not a conditio sine qua non for antidepressant activity. Results of studies of the mechanism of action of fluvoxamine in which drug discrimination tests were performed with rats and pigeons suggest that the fluvoxamine stimulus is not (or is only to a very limited degree) dependent on activation of 5-HT1A receptors or 5-HT1B/1D receptors, or both. Experimentation is ongoing in those animal models.
Reduced surface magnetization of NiMnSb(001) (2005)

The spin-dependent electronic structure at the (001) surface of the ferromagnetic half-Heusler alloy NiMnSb has been investigated by spin-resolved appearance potential spectroscopy. This surface-sensitive technique provides access to the spin- and element-resolved local density of unoccupied states and, therefore, probes the spin polarization above the Fermi level. In combination with low-energy electron diffraction and magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements, we characterized the sample with respect to its crystal structure, electronic structure, and magnetic properties. Our spectroscopic experiments were accompanied by a quantitative theoretical analysis. The theoretical appearance potential spectra are based on self-consistent electronic structure results for the bulk. They have been obtained in a fully relativistic framework as a self-convolution of the matrix element-weighted, orbitally resolved unoccupied density of states. The spin asymmetry in the experimental results, obtained from the surface region, is found to be significantly reduced compared with the calculations based on the bulk electronic structure of NiMnSb. Possible reasons for the reduced surface magnetization are discussed.
The POLYLITH software bus (1994)

We describe a system called POLYLITH that helps programmers prepare and interconnect mixed-language software components for execution in heterogeneous environments. POLYLITH's principal benefit is that programmers are free to implement functional requirements separately from their treatment of interfacing requirements; this means that once an application has been developed for use in one execution environment (such as a distributed network) it can be adapted for reuse in other environments (such as a shared-memory multiprocessor) by automatic techniques. This flexibility is provided without loss of performance. We accomplish this by creating a new run-time organization for software. An abstract decoupling agent, called the software bus , is introduced between the system components. Heterogeneity in language and architecture is accommodated since program units are prepared to interface directly to the bus and not to other program units. Programmers specify application structure in terms of a module interconnection language (MIL); POLYLITH uses this specification to guide packaging (static interfacing activities such as stub generation, source program adaptation, compilation, and linking). At run time, an implementation of the bus abstraction may assist in message delivery, name service, or system reconfiguration.
Monitoring hydroquinone–quinone redox cycling by single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy (2014)

Current research in the field of single-molecule chemistry is increasingly focused on the development of reliable experimental approaches for investigating chemical processes on a molecular level using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy (SMFS). Herein, we report on single-molecule observations of the copper(II)/air mediated oxidation of fluorescently labeled hydroquinone-based probe molecules followed by their reduction with cysteine. The redox cycle is signaled by quenching/recovery of fluorescence emission after addition of the oxidant/reductant, respectively. The experiments were realized by immobilizing the probe on a glass cover slide to allow single-molecule observation by means of total-internal-reflection fluorescence microscopy. Besides detection of successful oxidation and reduction events on single probe molecules, individual molecular intensity trajectories revealed dynamic processes and formation of intermediate states upon reaction. For the experimental design presented, we envision further reaction studies of catalytic redox-processes of single hydroquinone-moieties by means of SMFS.
Experimental test-object study of electronically collimated SPECT. (1990)

The imaging performance of a prototype electronically collimated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) camera comprising a unique 4 x 4 germanium detector backed by an uncollimated scintillation camera has been evaluated. Three-dimensional images of cylindrical test-objects containing either 99mTc (140 keV) or 137Cs (662 keV) are reported. Electronically collimated counts were acquired from the objects rotated to 20 or 40 angular positions in front of the germanium detector to simulate a cylindrical scanning system. For comparison, mechanically collimated data were also acquired from the test-objects. The SPECT images show a slightly better resolution for mechanical over electronical collimation (1.3 +/- 0.25 cm mechanical, 1.5 +/- 0.25 cm electronical at 140 keV; 1.5 +/- 0.25 cm mechanical, 1.7 +/- 0.25 cm electronical at 662 keV). The equi-resolution sensitivity, however, was deduced to be approximately an order of magnitude higher with electronic collimation to image a head-sized object using 99mTc. In addition, the sensitivity gain increases with increasing energy, suggesting the unique potential of electronic collimation in high-energy SPECT.
A 2.5-Gb/s one-chip receiver module for gigabit-to-the-home (GTTH) system (2003)

This paper describes the 2.5-Gb/s optical receiver module using a one-chip receiver IC for an ultrabroadband optical access system. The IC provides reshaping, retiming and regenerating functions required for an optical receiver. The reshaping is performed by a preamplifier and a limiter amplifier using a reference voltage generator. Retiming and regenerating are accomplished by a clock-and-data recovery circuit using a phase comparator combined with a regenerator. The IC and an APD are packaged in a compact ceramic package using passive alignment technology. The module has a size of 14/spl times/19 mm, and a power consumption of 450 mW at a +3.3 V supply voltage.
Systemic treatment strategies for triple-negative breast cancer (2014)

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) is defined by the lack of immunohistochemical expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(EGFR2). Most TNBC has a basal-like molecular phenotype by gene expression profiling and shares clinical and pathological features with hereditary BRCA1 related breast cancers. This review evaluates the activity of available chemotherapy and targeted agents in TNBC. A systematic review of PubM ed and conference databases was carried out to identify randomised clinical trials reporting outcomes in women with TNBC treated with chemotherapy and targeted agents. Our review identified TNBC studies of chemotherapy and targeted agents with different mechanisms of action, including induction of synthetic lethality and inhibition of angiogenesis, growth and survival pathways. TNBC is sensitive to taxanes and anthracyclins. Platinum agents are effective in TNBC patients with BRCA1 mutation, either alone or in combination with poly adenosine diphosphate polymerase 1 inhibitors. Combinations of ixabepilone and capecitabine have added to progression-free survival(PFS) without survival benefit in metastatic TNBC. Antiangiogenic agents, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and EGFR inhibitorsin combination with chemotherapy produced only modest gains in PFS and had little impact on survival. TNBC subgroups respond differentially to specific targeted agents. In future, the treatment needs to be tailored for a specific patient, depending on the molecular characteristics of their malignancy. TNBC being a chemosensitive entity, combination with targeted agents have not produced substantial improvements in outcomes. Appropriate patient selection with rationale combinations of targeted agents is needed for success.
Trinity: A Distributed Publish/Subscribe Broker with Blockchain-based Immutability (2018)

Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Supply Chain monitoring applications rely on messaging protocols for exchanging data. Contemporary IoT deployments widely use the publish-subscribe messaging model because of its resource-efficiency. However, the systems with publish-subscribe messaging model employ a centralized architecture, wherein the data from all the devices in the application network flows via a central broker to the subscribers. Such a centralized architecture make publish-subscribe messaging model susceptible to a central point of failure. Besides, it provides an opportunity for the organization that owns the broker to tamper with the data. In this work, we contribute Trinity, a novel distributed publish-subscribe broker with blockchain-based immutability. Trinity distributes the data published to one of the brokers in the network to all the brokers in the network. The distributed data is stored in an immutable ledger through the use of the blockchain technology. Furthermore, Trinity executes smart contracts to validate the data before saving the data on the blockchain. Through the use of a blockchain network, Trinity can guarantee persistence, ordering, and immutability across trust boundaries. Our evaluation results show that Trinity consumes minimal resources, and the use of smart contracts enable the stakeholders to automate the data management processes. To the best of our knowledge, Trinity is the first framework that combines the components of the blockchain technology with the publish-subscribe messaging model.
Datrix <sup>™</sup> source code model and its interchange format (2001)

The Datrix team within Bell Canada has been offering its source code analysis tools to the research community for a number of years. These tools perform a number of analyses that revolve around a central model ( Datrix-ASG ) developed by the Datrix team, and use an interchange format similar to TA, which we call Datrix-TA. This paper intends to communicate the modeling choices that were made when creating this information model, and the lessons learned over a few years of usage.
Part I.—Experimental methods and results. (A) Electrophoresis. Microscopic method of electrophoresis and its application to the study of ionogenic and non-ionogenic surfaces (1940)

H. A. Abramson, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1940, 35, 5 DOI: 10.1039/TF9403500005