gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emerging drugs for celiac disease (2014)

Most recent published double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials have focused on an orally administered recombinant glutenase (ALV003) showing significant but limited benefit to celiac disease patients already compliant with a gluten-free diet. Other studies have addressed other immune mechanisms that may play a role in its pathogenesis and have not been so positive. Added investigations, particularly over the long-term, in other larger and more heterogeneous populations are needed.
External validation of integrated genetic-epigenetic biomarkers for predicting incident coronary heart disease (2021)

<b>Aim:</b> The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE) for predicting risk for incident coronary heart disease (CHD) work poorly. To improve risk stratification for CHD, we developed a novel integrated genetic-epigenetic tool. <b>Materials & methods:</b> Using machine learning techniques and datasets from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) and Intermountain Healthcare (IM), we developed and validated an integrated genetic-epigenetic model for predicting 3-year incident CHD. <b>Results:</b> Our approach was more sensitive than FRS and PCE and had high generalizability across cohorts. It performed with sensitivity/specificity of 79/75% in the FHS test set and 75/72% in the IM set. The sensitivity/specificity was 15/93% in FHS and 31/89% in IM for FRS, and sensitivity/specificity was 41/74% in FHS and 69/55% in IM for PCE. <b>Conclusion:</b> The use of our tool in a clinical setting could better identify patients at high risk for a heart attack.
Transport properties of single vacancies in nanotubes (2008)

We present density of states and electronic transport calculations of single vacancies in carbon nanotubes. We confirm that the defect reconstructs into a pentagon and a nonagon, following the removal of a single carbon atom. This leads to the formation of a dangling bond. Finally, we demonstrate that care must be taken when calculating the density of states of impurities in one-dimensional systems in general. Traditional treatments of these systems using periodic boundary conditions leads to the formation of minigaps even in the limit of large unit cells.
Chlorodehydroxylation of Nitrogen Heterocycles with Phenylphosphonic Dichloride (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChlorodehydroxylation of Nitrogen Heterocycles with Phenylphosphonic DichlorideMichael M. RobisonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 20, 5481–5483Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01553a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01553a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1009Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polymeric Phthalocyanines. II<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymeric Phthalocyanines. II1C. S. Marvel and Michael M. MartinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 24, 6600–6604Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01557a037Request reuse permissionsArticle Views291Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (548 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prevention of intimal thickening after endothelial removal by a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan (1992)

1. The present experiments were designed to investigate the role of local angiotensin II receptors in the myointimal proliferative response of the vascular wall after endothelial removal, by use of a novel, nonpeptide, angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan. 2. When administered 1 week before endothelial removal from the rabbit carotid artery and then continuously until animals were killed 6 weeks later, losartan in a dose of 10 mg kg-1 daily, p.o. had no significant effects on the carotid blood flow (CBF), mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR). 3. A full endothelial lining with increased density of regenerated endothelial cells was observed 6 weeks after the endothelial removal. These changes were unaffected by treatment with losartan. 4. Six weeks after endothelial removal, acetylcholine (ACh)- and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced relaxations were greatly reduced though endothelial cells had regenerated. The reduction of the relaxations to these agonists were significantly restored by chronic treatment with losartan. The endothelial-independent, sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation remained unaffected in all groups. 5. There were no differences in the noradrenaline (NA)- and endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced contractions of the carotid artery strips between vehicle and losartan-treated groups. In contrast, the contractile response of the strips to angiotensin II was significantly decreased in the losartan group, indicating the specific antagonism by chronic losartan against the angiotensin II receptor. 6. Six weeks after endothelial removal, marked myointimal proliferation resulting from new accumulation of proliferating smooth muscle cells and connective tissue was observed in the vehicle group. Losartan treatment greatly suppressed the myointimal proliferative response.7. These results suggest that the local angiotensin II receptors play a role in the myointimal proliferativeresponse of the vascular wall to removal of the endothelium.
Simple synthetic procedure for 2'- and 3'-tetrahydropyranyl ribonucleoside derivatives involving regioselective acylation with acyl chlorides, and synthesis of ribonucleotide oligomers. (1985)

Acylation of ribonucleosides through acyl chlorides in pyridine was induced with high regioselectivity under a controlled condition to give the corresponding 2',5'-diacylates in excellent yields and 2'-acylates, depending on the amount of the acyl chlorides used. On the other hand, a treatment of these resulting acylates on a silica gel (Wakogel C-300, Wako Pure Chemical Co. Ltd.) conducted their transformation into the corresponding 3',5'-diacylates or 3'-acylates effectively. These resulting 2',5'- and 3',5'-diacylates were further derived, by the known method, into the 3'- and 2'-O-tetrahydropyran-2-yl ribonucleoside derivatives, respectively, with which some ribonucleotide oligomer syntheses have been performed.
EM-wave transmission characteristic of periodically perforated metal plates (2016)

This paper describes the experimental and theoretical results of shielding effectiveness for periodically perforated metal plates in far field region. The frequency range of this paper includes that range where the wavelength equals to the circular hole spacing. The transmission characteristics of these samples are evaluated by measurement in free space and by theoretical calculations.
Acute symptomatic sinus bradycardia in a woman treated with pulse dose steroids for multiple sclerosis: a case report (2015)

Our patient's acute symptoms were attributed to symptomatic sinus bradycardia due to pulse dose steroid treatment. Although several theories have been suggested to explain this phenomenon, the exact mechanism still remains unknown. It does not warrant any specific treatment, as it is a self-limiting side effect that resolves after discontinuing steroid infusion. Young patients who are free of any active cardiac conditions can safely be administered pulse dose steroids without monitoring. However, older patients with active cardiac conditions should have heart rate and blood pressure monitoring during infusion. Our patient also suffered from inappropriate sinus tachycardia, a manifestation of autonomic involvement of multiple sclerosis that has not been previously described. This case has implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of dysautonomia in patients with multiple sclerosis.
L-cysteine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis: identification, sequencing, and functional characterization of the gene coding for phosphoadenylylsulfate sulfotransferase (1997)

Random Tn917 mutagenesis of Bacillus subtilis followed by selection of lipoic acid auxotrophs led to the isolation of the cysH gene. The gene was sequenced and found to encode a phosphoadenylylsulfate sulfotransferase with a molecular mass of 27 kDa. Expression of lacZ fused to the cysH promoter was repressed by cysteine and sulfide and induced by sulfur limitation, indicating that cysH is controlled at the level of transcription.
HYPERTROPHY OF THE BREAST DUE TO INJECTIONS OF ADRENAL CORTEX EXTRACT IN A MAN WITH ADDISON'S DISEASE (1938)

This case is presented because an extensive review of the literature failed to reveal a similar effect of adrenal cortex extract in a man with Addison's disease and because of the interesting theoretical considerations involved. L. J. H., a white man, aged 35, a carpenter and laborer, admitted to John Sealy Hospital Sept. 7, 1935, had had attacks of nausea and vomiting during the preceding six years, lasting one or two days and occurring three or four times a year. These episodes were not severe, but once he was told by a physician that the blood pressure was "rather low." Three months before admission to the hospital he noted that his skin was becoming dark and that he had lost 8 pounds (3.6 Kg.). Two months previously he began to have asthenia and nausea, especially in the morning, progressing gradually to anorexia, diarrhea, extreme weakness and languor. There had been
Successful Cryopreservation of Microvenous Allografts (1992)

Vein grafts are used in approximately 20% of microsurgical cases. Although autogenous veins currently form the major source, they are associated with increased operating time and donor site scars. Cryopreserved allograft veins may serve as an alternative source. To our knowledge, cryopreservation of veins (1 mm or less) has not been reported. In this article we have described the process of cryopreserving rat veins (less than 1 mm in diameter) and their preliminary use as interpositional vein grafts.
Dichloroacetate in the Treatment of Lactic Acidosis (1988)

An open, prospective evaluation of the effects of dichloroacetate on morbidity and survival time was done in 29 pediatric and adult patients with lactic acidosis. Dichloroacetate was administered intravenously over 30 minutes as two 50 mg/kg body weight doses separated by 2 hours. Five patients underwent retreatment with two additional drug doses and were considered new cases when analyzing for treatment response. Survival, however, was determined from the time of initial entry into the study. Patients were considered to respond to treatment if arterial lactate concentration decreased at least 20% from the pretreatment level within 6 hours of beginning the first dichloroacetate infusion. Using this criterion, 26 cases responded to therapy with dichloroacetate. For all cases, patients' mean arterial lactate concentration decreased 52% (P = 0.0009), arterial bicarbonate concentration increased 35% (P = 0.0003), and arterial pH increased (P = 0.024) to normal, defined as the range 7.35 to 7.45. Among responders, however, arterial lactate concentration decreased 74% (P = 0.0001), arterial bicarbonate level increased 47% (P = 0.0001), and arterial pH increased (P = 0.0004) to the normal range. Median survival time among responders was 60 hours, compared to 26 hours among nonresponders (P less than 0.001). There was no evidence of toxicity to dichloroacetate.
Antidepressant Effects of High-Dose Right Unilateral Electroconvulsive Therapy (1991)

In a random-assignment, double-blind, controlled comparison in 38 melancholic men, overall antidepressant potency of high-dose electroconvulsive therapy (378-mC charge) given with right unilateral electrode placement was not significantly different from that with bilateral placement, although there was a trend for faster improvement with bilateral ECT. The suprathreshold character of the stimulus, about 2.5 times the expected seizure threshold, may have contributed to the high efficacy of brief-pulse right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy found in this study.
Serum beta 2-microglobulin and C reactive protein concentrations in viral infections. (1984)

Serum beta 2-microglobulin concentrations were assayed in a number of virus diseases. Infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, and influenza A were associated with pronounced increases in serum beta 2-microglobulin concentration. Smaller increases, with values generally less than 4 mg/l, were noted in other viral infections. Apart from in acute influenza A, the C reactive protein and beta 2-microglobulin responses were not associated.
Computing partially path-sensitive MFP solutions in data flow analyses (2018)

Data flow analysis traverses paths in a control flow graph (CFG) representation of programs to compute useful information. Many of these paths are infeasible, i.e. they cannot arise in any possible execution. The information computed along these paths adds imprecision to the conventional Maximal Fixed Point (MFP) solution of a data flow analysis. Existing approaches for removing this imprecision are either specific to a data flow problem or involve control flow graph restructuring which has exponential complexity.
Magnesium limitation and its role in apparent toxicity of ethanol during yeast fermentation (1986)

The rate of ethanol production per milligram of cell protein begins to decline in the early stage of batch fermentation before high concentrations of ethanol have accumulated. In yeast extract-peptone medium (20% glucose), this initial decline appears to be related to growth and to result in part from a nutrient deficiency. The addition of yeast extract, peptone, and ashed preparations of these restored the ability of glucose-reconstituted medium (in which cells had been previously grown) to support vigorous growth. Magnesium was identified as the active component. Supplementing fermentations with 0.5 mM magnesium prolonged exponential growth, resulting in increased yeast cell mass. The addition of magnesium also reduced the decline in fermentative activity (micromoles of CO2 evolved per hour per milligram of protein) during the completion of batch fermentations. These two effects reduced the time required for the conversion of 20% glucose into ethanol by 1/3 with no measurable loss in ethanol yield (98% of theoretical maximum yield). It is possible that some of the reported beneficial effects of complex nutrients (soy flour and yeast extract) for ethanol production also result from the correction of a simple inorganic ion deficiency, such as magnesium.
Potential risks of nanomaterials and how to safely handle materials of uncertain toxicity (2008)

In the last few years, the number of research studies on the toxicity of different types of nanomaterials has increased dramatically. These studies have suggested effects at the cellular level and in short-term animal tests. The effects seen depend on the base material of the nanoparticle, its size and structure, and its substituents and coatings. Additional toxicology testing is being funded or planned by the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network and other research organizations in the US and in Europe. Nanomaterials of uncertain toxicity can be handled using the same precautions currently used at universities to handle other materials of unknown toxicity: use of exhaust ventilation (such as fume hoods and vented enclosures) to prevent inhalation exposure during procedures that may release aerosols or fibers and use of gloves to prevent dermal exposure. This article presents an overview of some of the major questions in nanotoxicology and also discusses the best practices that universities such as MIT and others are currently using to prevent exposure.
Detection, Identification and Estimation of Surface Damage/Actuator Failure for High Performance Aircraft (1988)

This paper describes a hierarchical failure detection, identification and estimation (FDIE) algorithm for use in a self-repairing flight control system in a high performance aircraft. The developed hierarchical FDIE system consists of two subsystems: Actuator Failure Detection (APD) system which detects stuck, runaway, and floating actuator failures based on local information; and, Surface Damage Detection and Isolation (SDDI) system which detects partial surface loss failures and provides an estimate for the surface control effectiveness parameters after the impairment based on global information. The paper presents preliminary FDIE results obtained on the six-degree-of-freedom nonlinear simulation of a Combat Reconfigurable Control Aircraft (CRCA) under typical flight conditions, pilot inputs, and gust levels.
Strictly complex impulse-equivalent codes and subsets with very uniform amplitude distributions (1969)

The generation of a code of length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N + 1</tex> with an impulse-equivalent autocorrelation leads to a class of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2^{N}</tex> possible signals. Examination of the root patterns of the generating polynomials of these signals shows that many of the codes that appear to be complex have real counterparts with identical amplitude distributions. The existence of a certain subclass of complex codes with no real equivalents is demonstrated. It is conjectured that this subclass, owing to its nontrivially complex nature, will contain those impulse-equivalent codes possessing the most uniform amplitudes. A theorem is offered which provides a necessary and sufficient condition for determining this subclass of purely complex signals. To test the conjecture, all impulse-equivalent codes up to the length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</tex> of several energy levels are examined under two distinct uniformity-of-amplitude criteria. In every case the most uniform codes are found to be members of the subclass. Finally, "randomly" generated impulse-equivalent codes are investigated. It is shown that a logical interpretation of the notion of random selection leads to a set of impulse-equivalent codes that is generated from maximal shift-register sequences. This set is, in turn, proven to be contained within the nontrivially complex subclass. The amplitude distributions of these shift register-generated codes up to length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">64</tex> are examined.
Longitudinal Plasma Resonance Shifts in Gold Nanoparticle Aggregates (2002)

Recent interest in colloidal gold focuses on understanding the tunability of the longitudinal and transverse plasma resonance. It was reported that the reduction of HAuCl<sub>4</sub> by Na<sub>2</sub>S produces gold nanoparticles with an optical absorption in the near infrared. This absorption blue shifts during the course of the reaction. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) measurements on this system indicated that there was little sulfur present in the system. A small angle x-ray scattering (SAX) experiment was used to monitor the reaction while simultaneously the UV-VIS spectrum was measured. During the reaction the fractal dimension decreased from 4.154 ± 0.850 to 0.624 ± 0.146. The decrease in fractal dimension coincided with the blue shift in the longitudinal plasma resonance from the near IR to the visible. This suggests a change from reaction limited colloid aggregation (RLCA) to diffusion limited colloid aggregation (DLCA), caused the shift in the plasma resonance.
[Optimization of the tagged urea test for the detection of H. pylori in patients with dyspepsia]. (1995)

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) has been associated to gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, and other gastrointestinal disorders. The 14C-urea breath test (UBT) has been proposed as a simple and noninvasive method for its detection, and has recently been implemented in our institution. To optimize our resources, we performed a sensitivity analysis to determine the minimal sampling and duration of testing required, and to establish objective criteria for its interpretation. With this purpose, endoscopy, antral biopsy and UBT were performed in 104 dyspeptic patients. For the UBT, a basal breath sample was taken before the administration of 10 microCi of 14C-urea and followed by sequential breath sampling at 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes. Considering histologic findings as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for the following three 14CO2 excretion strategies: excretion by sample, maximum excretion, and cumulative excretion. Hp was detected in 74 (71%) of the patients, and its presence coincided with significantly higher 14CO2 excretion than in the Hp negative (p < 0.001). The three excretion strategies were comparable in terms of diagnostic accuracy, but the most efficient results were given by the 15 minute sample. With a cut-off point of > or = 1.7%, the sensitivity and specificity of this sample was > or = 83%, the positive and negative predictive values were 93% and 68%, and the accuracy was 84%. We conclude that UBT can be completed with a single breath sampling at 15 min, and its results objectively interpreted as positive if the 14CO2 excretion is > or = 1.7%.