gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Emotional Facial Expression Detection (2006)

Change in a speaker's emotion is a fundamental component in human communication. Automatic recognition of spontaneous emotion would significantly impact human-computer interaction and emotion-related studies in education, psychology and psychiatry. In this paper, we explore methods for detecting emotional facial expressions occurring in a realistic human conversation setting—the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Because non-emotional facial expressions have no distinct description and are expensive to model, we treat emotional facial expression detection as a one-class classification problem, which is to describe target objects (i.e., emotional facial expressions) and distinguish them from outliers (i.e., non-emotional ones). Our preliminary experiments on AAI data suggest that one-class classification methods can reach a good balance between cost (labeling and computing) and recognition performance by avoiding non-emotional expression labeling and modeling.
Dendritic cells process exogenous viral proteins and virus‐like particles for class I presentation to CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T lymphocytes (1996)

Previous reports have indicated that both dendritic cells and macrophages have the ability to induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper (Th) cell responses in vivo. Dendritic cells process exogenous antigens conventionally for presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. However, unconventional processing of exogenous antigens in vitro for presentation on MHC class I molecules is still an open question. In this study, we report that a cloned dendritic cell line (D2SC/1) is able to present cell debris-associated exogenous viral proteins to MHC class I-restricted CTL in vitro. The dendritic cell line was very efficient in processing recombinant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein (LCMV NP) and presenting the class I-restricted epitope to CTL primed in vivo. Peritoneal macrophages could also process the recombinant LCMV NP for subsequent MHC class I presentation, but were less efficient compared to the dendritic cells. Furthermore, recombinant yeast-derived virus-like particles carrying the HIV-1 V3 loop (V3-VLP), which are protenaceous and do not contain any lipid, were also found to be efficiently processed by the dendritic cell line for presentation of the class I-restricted epitope. These results clearly indicate that viral proteins, in particulate form or associated with cell debris, are processed by dendritic cells for CTL induction.
Navigating hierarchies with structure-based brushes (2003)

Interactive selection is a critical component in exploratory visualization, allowing users to isolate subsets of the displayed information for highlighting, deleting, analysis, or focussed investigation. Brushing, a popular method for implementing the selection process, has traditionally been performed in either screen space or data space. We introduce the concept of a structure-based brush, which can be used to perform selection in hierarchically structured data sets. Our structure-based brush allows users to navigate hierarchies by specifying focal extents and level-of-detail on a visual representation of the structure. Proximity-based coloring, which maps similar colors to data that are closely related within the structure, helps convey both structural relationships and anomalies. We describe the design and implementation of our structure-based brushing tool. We also validate its usefulness using two distinct hierarchical visualization techniques, namely hierarchical parallel coordinates and tree-maps.
Phase separation of a binary liquid mixture in porous media studied by nuclear magnetic resonance cryoporometry (2002)

H 1 nuclear magnetic resonance cryoporometry has been applied to study the low-temperature phase separation of the two components in a binary liquid imbibed in porous glass. The mixture of hexane and nitrobenzene was quenched below both its upper critical temperature and the freezing point of the nitrobenzene. The size distribution of phase-separated liquid domains was observed through their melting point suppression that reveals small droplets of nitrobenzene surrounded by hexane within the pores. If the bottlenecks of the porous network allow, some of these droplets coalesce and thereby completely fill parts of the network.
MicroRNA-34a Targets Bcl-2 and Sensitizes Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Sorafenib Treatment (2013)

MiR-34a, a direct target of p53, has been shown to target several molecules associated with the cell cycle and cell survival pathways, and its dysregulation is implicated in cancer drug resistance or sensitivity in several human cancers. However, the correlation between miR-34a expression and chemoresistance has not been explored in HCC. In this study, we confirmed that miR-34a was significantly down-regulated in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines by qRT-PCR. HCC tissues with lower miR-34a expression displayed higher expression of Bcl-2 protein than those with high expression of miR-34a; therefore, an inverse correlation is evident between the miR-34a level and Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, patients with lower miR-34a expression had significantly poorer overall survival. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-34a binds the 3'-UTR of the Bcl-2 mRNA and represses its translation. Western blotting analysis and qRT-PCR confirmed that Bcl-2 is inhibited by miR-34a overexpression. Functional analyses indicated that the restoration of miR-34a reduced cell viability, promoted cell apoptosis and potentiated sorafenib-induced apoptosis and toxicity in HCC cell lines by inhibiting Bcl-2 expression. This study is the first to demonstrate that miR-34a induces sensitivity to the anti-tumor effect of sorafenib in human HCC cells, suggesting a potential role of miR-34a in the treatment of HCC.
Atlas of Peripheral Nerve Surgery (2001)

1. Supraclavicular Plexus 2. Clavicular Plexus 3. Infraclavicular Plexus 4. Axillary Nerve 5. Musculocutaneous Nerve 6. Posterior Subscapular Approach to Plexus Operative Techniques Surgical Exposure 7. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Dissection 8. Cervical Sympathectomy 9. Suprascapular Nerve 10. Accessory Nerve Injury 11. Nerve Transfers for Brachial Plexus Injury Accessory Nerve to Suprascapular Nerve Pectoral Branches (Medial) to Musculocutaneous Nerve Intercostal Nerves to Musculocutaneous Nerve Descending Cervical Plexus to Upper and Middle Trunk 12. Ulnar Nerve Arm and Elbow Wrist and Hand 13. Radial Nerve Upper Arm (Radial Nerve) Elbow and Forearm (Posterior Interosseous and Superficial Sensory Nerves) Posterior Approach (Radial and/or Axillary Nerves) 14. Median Nerve Arm Elbow and Foreman Wrist and Hand 15. Sural Nerve 16. Sciatic Nerve Pelvic Plexus Origins Buttock Thigh 17. Tibial Nerve Popliteal Fossa and Leg Posterior Tibial Nerve at Ankle and Foot 18. Peroneal Nerve 19. Femoral Nerve Including Pelvic Origins 20. Ilioinguinal, Iliohypogastric and Genitofemoral Nerves Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve 21. Surgical Techniques External Neurolysis Internal Neurolysis 22. Stimulation and Nerve Action Potential Recording 23. Epineurial Suture 24. Split Nerve Repair 25. Graft Repair 26. Operative Steps for Neural Sheath Tumors and Lumbar Sympathectomy Benign Neural Sheath Tumors Malignant Neural Sheath Tumors Lumbar Sympathectomy Appendix
Fiber-based frequency comb with mHz relative linewidth carrier-envelope-offset frequency (2010)

We constructed a low-noise fiber frequency comb that provides a narrowed linewidth of less than 1.9 mHz by suppressing the random phase noise caused by the nonlinear self-phase-modulation and amplified-spontaneous-emission inside the Er-doped fiber amplifier.
E2F1 and E2F2 Are Differentially Required for Homeostasis-Driven and Antigen-Induced T Cell Proliferation In Vivo (2005)

Homeostasis-driven T cell proliferation occurs in response to a lymphopenic environment and is mediated by TCR and IL-7 signaling. In this report, we demonstrate a defect in the proliferation of murine naive and memory T cells lacking both E2F1 and E2F2 in response to lymphopenic conditions, suggesting that E2F1 and E2F2 function redundantly downstream of TCR and/or IL-7 signaling during homeostasis-driven proliferation. In contrast, T cell proliferation in response to antigenic stimulation is either unaffected (in vivo) or potentiated (ex vivo) by loss of E2F1 and E2F2, indicating divergent requirements for these E2F factors in T cell proliferation mediated by distinct stimuli. E2F1/E2F2 double knockout (DKO) T cells enter S phase in response to homeostatic signaling, but fail to divide, suggesting that S phase progression is either incomplete or defective. In addition, E2F1/E2F2 DKO mice do not recover normal T cell numbers following exposure to a sublethal dose of radiation, indicating that this defect in homeostasis-driven proliferation is physiologically relevant. Consistent with their failure in cell cycle progression, the differentiation of DKO T cells into memory T cells in response to homeostatic signals is significantly reduced. These observations support the idea that proliferation is required for memory T cell formation and also have implications for the development of clinical strategies to minimize the occurrence of lymphopenia-induced autoimmunity.
Relationship Between Perineural Tumor Invasion on Needle Biopsy and Radical Prostatectomy Capsular Penetration in Clinical Stage B Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate (1993)

We studied 302 needle biopsies for perineural invasion for sensitivity and specificity in predicting capsular penetration in subsequent radical prostatectomies. Perineural invasion was seen in 20% of needle biopsies, with a sensitivity of 27% and a specificity of 96% in predicting capsular penetration. By including tumor with a Gleason sum of 7 or greater or perineural invasion on needle biopsy as being predictive, sensitivity increased to 36% with a specificity of 94%. By restricting perineural invasion to cases with more than one nerve involved or a nerve involvement of a diameter 0.1 mm or greater, specificity increased to 97% and 99%, respectively, with sensitivity falling to 15% and 9%, respectively. Measuring perineural invasion on needle biopsy helps to identify capsular penetration and may help in planning nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy in the decision of whether to sacrifice part or all of the neurovascular bundle on the side of the biopsy.
Vasodilatation induced by forskolin involves cyclic GMP production (2011)

Endothelium-derived relaxing factors contribute to smooth muscle relaxation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) produced in the endothelial cells to the vasodilatation stimulated with forskolin in rat aorta. Forskolin that directly activates adenylyl-cyclase, induced complete relaxation in phenylephrine-contracted aortas. Endothelium removal reduced the potency (pEC50) of forskolin without changes in the maximum effect (Emax). However, the inhibitor of endothelial NO-synthase (10 μM L- NG-Nitroarginine, L-NNA) reduced both Emax and pEC50 in intact endothelium aortic rings. L-NNA or L-NNA plus cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 μM) reduced both Emax and pEC50 of forskolin. Forskolin increased both the cytosolic Ca+2 concentration and the cytosolic NO concentration ([NO]c) in the endothelial cells. The PKA inhibitor KT5720 reduced the NO production activated by forskolin in the endothelial cells. The enhanced [NO]c in the endothelial cells increased cyclic guanosine-monophosphate (cGMP) in smooth muscle cells, which was abolished by L-NNA. Taken together, our results indicate that vasodilatation mediated by forskolin in rat aortic rings is potentiated by NO production in endothelial cells that increases the cGMP levels in the smooth muscle cells that along with cAMP contribute to the vasodilatation.
CASM: a content-aware protocol for secure video multicast (2006)

Information security has been a critical issue in the design and development of reliable distributed communication systems and has attracted significant research efforts. A challenging task is how to maintain information security at a high level for multiple-destination video applications with the huge volume of data and dynamic property of clients. This paper proposes a novel Content-Aware Secure Multicast (CASM) protocol for video distribution that seamlessly integrates three important modules: 1)a scalable light-weight algorithm for group key management; 2) a content-aware key embedding algorithm that can make video quality distortion imperceptible and is reliable for clients to detect embedded keys; and 3) a smart two-level video encryption algorithm that can selectively encrypt a small set of video data only, and yet ensure the video as well as the embedded keys unrecognizable without a genuine key. The implementation of the CASM protocol is independent of the underlying multicast mechanism and is fully compatible with existing coding standards. Performance evaluation studies built upon a CASM prototype have demonstrated that CASM is highly robust and scalable in dynamic multicast environments. Moreover, it ensures secure distribution of key and video data with minimized communication and computation overheads. The proposed content-aware key embedding and encryption algorithms are fast enough to support real-time video multicasting.
Concurrent detection of software and hardware data-access faults (1997)

A new approach allows low-cost concurrent detection of two important types of faults, software and hardware data-access faults, using an extension of the existing signature monitoring approach. The proposed approach detects data-access faults using a new type of redundant data structure that contains an embedded signature. Low-cast fault detection is achieved using simple architecture support and compiler support that exploit natural redundancies in the data structures, in the instruction set architecture, and in the data-access mechanism. The software data-access faults that the approach can detect include faults that have been shown to cause a high percentage of system failures. Hardware data-access faults that occur in all levels of the data-memory hierarchy are also detectable, including faults in the register file, the data cache, the data-cache TLB, the memory address and data buses, etc. Benchmark results for the MIPS R300D processor executing code scheduled by a modified GNU C Compiler show that the new approach can concurrently check a high percentage of data accesses, while causing little performance overhead and little memory overhead.
Low Temperature Limits of Giant Salvinia (2004)

Giant salvinia ( Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell) growing in three outdoor research ponds survived two north Texas winters during 1999-2000 and 2000-2001. The first winter was mild, with only one major freezing event. The second winter had three major freezing events, but again small numbers of the plants survived. Acute low-temperature exposure of the plants in a controlled study demonstrated that formation of ice results
Acquisition of a “Group A”-Selective Src Kinase Inhibitor via a Global Targeting Strategy (2006)

A "global" strategy for the acquisition of selective high affinity inhibitors for the Src kinase subfamily of tyrosine kinases is described. Members of the Src family exhibit a strong amino acid sequence homology. However, recent studies have revealed differences in the relative spatial relationships of the three distinct protein-binding domains present in these enzymes. We have constructed an inhibitor, using an amalgamation of combinatorial methods and directed design, which simultaneously associates with the active site and an ancillary protein-binding region (SH2 domain). The inhibitor exhibits high inhibitory potency and selectivity for the Group A versus Group B subset of Src kinases.
Detecting sleep using heart rate and motion data from multisensor consumer-grade wearables, relative to wrist actigraphy and polysomnography (2020)

Data from multisensor consumer wearables are strongly correlated with reference devices at the epoch level and can be used to develop epoch-by-epoch models of sleep-wake rivaling existing research devices.
An adaptable system for RGB-D based human body detection and pose estimation: Incorporating attached props (2016)

One of the biggest challenges of RGB-D posture tracking is separating appendages such as briefcases, trolleys, and backpacks from the human body. Markerless motion tracking relies on segmenting each depth frame to a finite set of body parts. This is achieved via supervised learning by assigning each pixel to a certain body part. The training image set for the supervised learning are usually synthesised using popular motion capture databases and an ensemble of 3D models covering a wide range of anthropometric characteristics. In this paper, we propose a novel method for generating training data of human postures with attached objects. The results have shown a significant increase in body-part classification accuracy for subjects with props from 60% to 94% using the generated image set.
Quantitative Analysis of Contribution of Industrial Structure to Economic Growth in Jiangsu Province (2011)

The industrial structure in Jiangsu Province realizes the transformation from ' secondary industry-primary industry-tertiary industry to " tertiary industry-secondary industry-primary industry. However, the effectiveness of this model of industry-dominate industrial structure and the role of industrial structure pattern in promoting regional economic growth are yet to be researched. By using shift-share analysis method, we judge the importance of factors of industrial structure in regional economic growth of Jiangsu Province, and point out that factors of industrial structure are not the dominant forces in economic growth of Jiangsu Province; among the contributions of three industries to economic growth of Jiangsu Province, the contribution of the primary industry is greatest, followed by the contribution of secondary industry and the contribution of tertiary industry successively; real estate industry makes the greatest contribution to economic growth of Jiangsu Province; financial industry and construction industry make relatively small contributions; the potential of industry needs to be further developed. In the process of economic development of Jiangsu Province, the industrial structure is yet to be further optimized so as to give play to the role of industry in promoting the development of Jiangsu province.
Optical transmission of periodic annular apertures in metal film on high-refractive index substrate: The role of the nanopillar shape (2010)

The influence of annular aperture parameters on the optical transmission through arrays of coaxial apertures in a metal film on high refractive index substrates has been investigated experimentally and numerically. It is shown that the transmission resonances are related to plasmonic crystal effects rather than frequency cutoff behavior associated with annular apertures. The role of deviations from ideal aperture shape occurring during the fabrication process has also been studied. Annular aperture arrays are often considered in many applications for achieving high optical transmission through metal films and understanding of nanofabrication tolerances are important.
Associative self-sorting memory (1960)

A cryogenic associative memory is proposed in which the status of a memory word is determined, with respect to an interrogating word, on a high, low or equal basis. Thus the bracketing pair of words is determined, allowing the interrogating word to be inserted between them, a "dummy" register holding it temporarily. A double-shuffle operation moves the other words to make room for the new word in proper sequence.
Spray국의 삽수저장시 저온과 Sucrose 처리효과 (1998)

The present study was carried to preservative effects of stem-cut Dendranthema grandiflora 'Puma' and 'Fashion' on growth conditions. Stem-cut 'Puma' and 'Fashion' treated with sucrose were stored at 4℃ for 5 weeks. Browned leaves was greatly decreased by
Black Phosphorus Transistors with Near Band Edge Contact Schottky Barrier (2015)

Black phosphorus (BP) is a new class of 2D material which holds promise for next generation transistor applications owing to its intrinsically superior carrier mobility properties. Among other issues, achieving good ohmic contacts with low source-drain parasitic resistance in BP field-effect transistors (FET) remains a challenge. For the first time, we report a new contact technology that employs the use of high work function nickel (Ni) and thermal anneal to produce a metal alloy that effectively reduces the contact Schottky barrier height (ΦB) in a BP FET. When annealed at 300 °C, the Ni electrode was found to react with the underlying BP crystal and resulted in the formation of nickel-phosphide (Ni2P) alloy. This serves to de-pin the metal Fermi level close to the valence band edge and realizes a record low hole ΦB of merely ~12 meV. The ΦB at the valence band has also been shown to be thickness-dependent, wherein increasing BP multi-layers results in a smaller ΦB due to bandgap energy shrinkage. The integration of hafnium-dioxide high-k gate dielectric additionally enables a significantly improved subthreshold swing (SS ~ 200 mV/dec), surpassing previously reported BP FETs with conventional SiO2 gate dielectric (SS > 1 V/dec).
Perspectives on the role of CD8+ cell suppressor factors and cytotoxic T lymphocytes during HIV infection. (1998)

It is clear that HIV burden drives CD8+ cell expansion and activation in vivo, but it has been difficult to determine whether the CD8+ cell response represents a significant anti-HIV force during the natural history of infection. This issue is illustrated by the fact that CD8+ cells cannot clear HIV infection, providing less than satisfactory evidence that CD8+ cells have any substantial effect on viral replication in vivo. The diligent efforts of a number of laboratories, however, are revealing the magnitude of the anti-HIV CD8+ cell arsenal. It is now well established that CD8+ cells can suppress viral dissemination and rates of HIV transcription in addition to their ability to destroy virus-infected cells directly. This is achieved through production of a growing family of HIV suppressor factors. These exciting developments are paving the way for new studies to readdress and potentially redefine the role of HIV-specific CD8+ cell responses during HIV infection. As we complete our understanding of how these effector activities work in concert to oppose HIV, the potential that CD8+ cell responses can be manipulated by vaccination or used in conjunction with HAART holds promise in the ongoing effort to eradicate HIV infection in chronically infected individuals.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of 2‐(substituted)‐3‐{2‐[(4‐phenyl‐4‐cyano)piperidino]ethyl}‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐ones (2006)

Loperamide is a well-known peripherally acting opiate used for the treatment of diarrhoea. To gain more knowledge on the structure-activity relationships of antidiarrhoeal drugs and to develop new active molecules, a series of aryl-cyano-piperidinoalkyl-thiazolidinones related to Loperamide was synthesized and screened for antidiarrhoeal activity in mice by castor oil test. To characterize the potency and toxicity of the synthesized compounds ED50 and LD50 values were also determined. The thiazolidinones 2-6 displayed antidiarrhoeal activity at doses ranging between 15 and 82 mg/kg. Although the results show that the synthesized compounds are 15- to 80-fold less active respect to the reference compound, Loperamide, they are much less toxic (> or = 1000 mg/kg and 108.9 mg/kg, respectively). Besides, to evaluate the involvement of opioid receptors in antidiarrhoeal activity, Naloxone was administered prior to test the 2-phenyl-3-{2-[(4-phenyl-4-cyano)piperidino]ethyl}-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (2), the more active compound of this series. The results obtained by this study, suggest that the antidiarrhoeal activity of this series of thiazolidinone derivatives could involve the opioid receptors.