gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ethylene signal transduction pathway in<i>Arabidopsis</i> (1997)

The gaseous hormone ethylene is an important regulator of plant growth and development. Using a simple response of etiolated seedlings to ethylene as a genetic screen, genes involved in ethylene signal transduction have been identified in Arabidopsis. Analysis of two of these genes that have been cloned reveals that ethylene signalling involves a combination of a protein (ETR1) with similarity to bacterial histidine kinases and a protein (CTR1) with similarity to Raf-1, a protein kinase involved in multiple signalling cascades in eukaryotic cells. Several lines of investigation provide compelling evidence that ETR1 encodes an ethylene receptor. For the first time there is a glimpse of the molecular circuitry underlying the signal transduction pathway for a plant hormone.
DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY TO MYELIN ANTIGEN IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS INVESTIGATED WITH THE LEUCOCYTE MIGRATION METHOD (1972)

Patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases were investigated for delayed hypersensitivity to myelin basic protein by means of a leucocyte migration inhibition technique. No such state of cell-mediated autoimmunity was demonstrated, although the result was equivocal in a few multiple sclerosis patients. The result is different from positive findings in two recent studies.
Amphiphilic Hollow Carbonaceous Microspheres with Permeable Shells (2010)

An inside job: Porous hollow carbonaceous microspheres can be easily fabricated by hydrothermal treatment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. An amphiphilic surface and porous shell structure endow these microspheres with phase-transfer features and the ability to enrich proteins inside their hollow interiors. These characteristics will enable their application in drug delivery, active ingredients encapsulation, adsorption, and separation techniques. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Review of studies of polymorphic blood systems in the Aymara indigenous population from Bolivia, Peru, and Chile (1995)

A review was made of all studies available from the literature referring to polymorphic blood systems of South American Aymara Indians. 33 original papers published up to 1990 covering a period of 45 years were summarized. Aymara samples were considered from a total of 55 localities in Bolivia, Peru, and Chile. Gene frequencies were tabulated for 21 polymorphic genetic systems comprising blood groups (AB0, MNSs, P, Rh, Lu, K, Le, Fy, Jk, Di), erythrocyte enzyme groups (AcP, 6PGD, PGM1, AK, ADA, EsD), and plasma protein groups (Hp, Tf, Gc, Gm, Km). Weighted average and range over all Aymara samples were computed for each blood system and compared with corresponding mean value and range in South Amerindians in general. Gene frequency distribution in the Aymara population shows ranges of different orders of magnitude in the 21 blood systems, some of them varying widely. Nevertheless the average gene frequencies for the Aymara are well within the range of values reported for South American Indian populations. The assessment of blood systems in the Aymara revealed that information concerning the Lutheran and HLA systems is scarce or nil up to now. Further studies are needed, especially from Peru on erythrocyte enzyme systems, in order to obtain a more complete picture on the variation of blood system polymorphisms in the Aymara population.
Loss of a Functionally and Structurally Distinct ld-Transpeptidase, LdtMt5, Compromises Cell Wall Integrity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2015)

The final step of peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis in bacteria involves cross-linking of peptide side chains. This step in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is catalyzed by ld- and dd-transpeptidases that generate 3→3 and 4→3 transpeptide linkages, respectively. M. tuberculosis PG is predominantly 3→3 cross-linked, and LdtMt2 is the dominant ld-transpeptidase. There are four additional sequence paralogs of LdtMt2 encoded by the genome of this pathogen, and the reason for this apparent redundancy is unknown. Here, we studied one of the paralogs, LdtMt5, and found it to be structurally and functionally distinct. The structures of apo-LdtMt5 and its meropenem adduct presented here demonstrate that, despite overall architectural similarity to LdtMt2, the LdtMt5 active site has marked differences. The presence of a structurally divergent catalytic site and a proline-rich C-terminal subdomain suggest that this protein may have a distinct role in PG metabolism, perhaps involving other cell wall-anchored proteins. Furthermore, M. tuberculosis lacking a functional copy of LdtMt5 displayed aberrant growth and was more susceptible to killing by crystal violet, osmotic shock, and select carbapenem antibiotics. Therefore, we conclude that LdtMt5 is not a functionally redundant ld-transpeptidase, but rather it serves a unique and important role in maintaining the integrity of the M. tuberculosis cell wall.
Asparagine-linked glycosylation of cytochrome <i>b</i>558 large subunit varies in different human phagocytic cells. (1989)

Cytochrome b558, an essential component of the respiratory burst of phagocytic cells, is the terminal electron donor to molecular oxygen that results in the formation of superoxide anion (O2-.). It is an integral membrane heterodimer that in neutrophils consists of a 22-kDa small subunit and a highly glycosylated 91-kDa large subunit. Identical core proteins often differ in glycosylation in different cell types and with some membrane glycoproteins, the glycosylation state may markedly affect function. In the present study, antisera reactive with cytochrome b558 large subunit was used for immunoblot analysis of the glycosylation pattern of this subunit from different types of phagocytic cells. Striking variability in the apparent m.w. of this broadly banding subunit was detected in five different phagocytic cell types (neutrophils 78,000 to 93,000; eosinophils 74,000 to 115,000; monocytes 82,000 to 99,000; dibutyryl cyclic AMP-induced HL-60 cells 79,000 to 103,000; dimethyl sulfoxide-induced HL-60 cells 77,000 to 110,000). However, after complete cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides with endoglycosidase F, the core peptide of cytochrome b558 large subunit from these different cell types had the same Mr (58,000). Inhibition of N-glycosylation with tunicamycin in differentiating HL-60 cells resulted in the synthesis of immunoreactive protein of the same m.w. and banding pattern as seen after endoglycosidase F cleavage. These tunicamycin treated cells retained some capacity to generate superoxide anion when stimulated with PMA. We conclude that the identity of the N-linked oligosaccharides of the cytochrome b558 large subunit differ in various phagocytic cells. All N-linked glycans on cytochrome b558 in all cell types examined were of the complex type as defined by resistance to endoglycosidase H cleavage. N-linked glycosylation of the cytochrome b558 large subunit may not be essential for activation of the respiratory burst.
ChemInform Abstract: DIAZOTIZATION OF α‐AMINOPHOSPHONYLACETATES (1985)

Abstract Die Diazotierung der α‐Amino‐a‐phosphonyl‐acetate (I) mit Propylnitrit (II) in Eisessig führt zu den Diazoessigsäureestern (111).
Osteoporosis Caused by Mutations in <i>PLS3</i>: Clinical and Bone Tissue Characteristics (2014)

Mutations in PLS3 have been identified as a cause of bone fragility in children, but the bone phenotype associated with PLS3 mutations has not been reported in detail. PLS3 is located on the X chromosome and encodes the actin-binding protein plastin 3. Here we describe skeletal findings in 4 boys from 2 families with mutations in PLS3 (c.994_995delGA; p.Asp332* in family 1; c.1433T > C; p.Leu478Pro in family 2). When first evaluated between 4 and 8 years of age, these boys had a history of one to four long-bone fractures. Mild vertebral compression fractures were identified in each boy. No obvious extraskeletal disease manifestations were present. Lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (LS-aBMD) Z-scores ranged from -1.7 to -3.5, but height was normal. Iliac bone histomorphometry in 2 patients showed low trabecular bone volume and a low osteoid maturation time but normal bone formation rate and osteoclast surface. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) did not reveal a major abnormality in bone mineralization density distribution. The 2 boys from family 1 received oral alendronate for 6 years, which normalized LS-aBMD. The mothers of the 4 boys did not have a history of fractures and had normal LS-aBMD. However, one of these mothers had low bone mass at the distal radius, as measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). In conclusion, hemizygous mutations in PLS3 are associated with osteoporosis and bone fragility in childhood, but in contrast to bone fragility caused by mutations in collagen type I encoding genes, there is no hypermineralization of mineralized bone matrix.
Neil2-null Mice Accumulate Oxidized DNA Bases in the Transcriptionally Active Sequences of the Genome and Are Susceptible to Innate Inflammation (2015)

Why mammalian cells possess multiple DNA glycosylases (DGs) with overlapping substrate ranges for repairing oxidatively damaged bases via the base excision repair (BER) pathway is a long-standing question. To determine the biological role of these DGs, null animal models have been generated. Here, we report the generation and characterization of mice lacking Neil2 (Nei-like 2). As in mice deficient in each of the other four oxidized base-specific DGs (OGG1, NTH1, NEIL1, and NEIL3), Neil2-null mice show no overt phenotype. However, middle-aged to old Neil2-null mice show the accumulation of oxidative genomic damage, mostly in the transcribed regions. Immuno-pulldown analysis from wild-type (WT) mouse tissue showed the association of NEIL2 with RNA polymerase II, along with Cockayne syndrome group B protein, TFIIH, and other BER proteins. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis from mouse tissue showed co-occupancy of NEIL2 and RNA polymerase II only on the transcribed genes, consistent with our earlier in vitro findings on NEIL2's role in transcription-coupled BER. This study provides the first in vivo evidence of genomic region-specific repair in mammals. Furthermore, telomere loss and genomic instability were observed at a higher frequency in embryonic fibroblasts from Neil2-null mice than from the WT. Moreover, Neil2-null mice are much more responsive to inflammatory agents than WT mice. Taken together, our results underscore the importance of NEIL2 in protecting mammals from the development of various pathologies that are linked to genomic instability and/or inflammation. NEIL2 is thus likely to play an important role in long term genomic maintenance, particularly in long-lived mammals such as humans.
Identification of the binding sites of benzyl penicilloyl, the allergenic metabolite of penicillin, on the serum albumin molecule (1990)

Tryptic digests of fragment A299-585 of penicilloylated serum albumin obtained from two penicillin-treated patients or prepared by in vitro conjugation, were analyzed by a tandem immunoaffinity reversed-phase HLPC. Determinations of benzyl penicilloyl groups (BPO) were performed on the different fractions. Three BPO containing peptides were identified by their amino acid sequence and the bound BPO were located on lysines 432, 541 and 545. Six major BPO binding sites were thus identified on the whole albumin molecule. All of them are lysine residues and correspond to a limited number of definite structures in which lysine and serine residues appear to be closely associated.
FINEX® : a new process for production of hot metal from fine ore and coal (1999)

Today, there are worldwide R&D activities to develop a new iron-making process using fine ore directly in order to enhance the cost competitiveness and environmental friendliness. Since 1992, POSCO (Pohang Iron and Steel Company Ltd., Korea), RIST (Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Korea) and VAI (VOEST-ALPINE Industrieaniagenbau GmbH, Austria) have carried out a joint development of a smelting reduction technology based on non-agglomerated fine ore and non-coking coal for the production of hot metal. This technology has been registered under the trademark of FINEX®. After successful works in the laboratory scale and bench-scale testing facilities, a pilot plant (150 ton/day) has been constructed and is now in operation in Pohang, Korea.
Tolerating changes in a design psychology based web page wrapper (2003)

We introduce an innovative approach to wrapping semi-structured web pages in order to generate structured data. Unlike other work in this area that is based on physically specifying the location of information, our approach is based on human design psychology that captures more stable features in web pages, which we believe renders a more robust result in coping with changes in the web pages. In this paper, we focus on the product advertisement domain, and a set of design psychology principles for product advertisement is presented and used to design the wrapping rules. A case study in the mobile phone advertisement domain is used to evaluate this approach.
Transparent MgAl2O4 Spinel Ceramics Produced by HIP Post-Sintering (2006)

Transparent MgAl2O4 spinel ceramics were fabricated by hot isostatic pressing of the sintered materials composed of fine grains. Since the fine-grained sintered materials were difficult to obtain from pure powders at low temperatures, the additives reducing sintering temperatures were examined. As a result, a small addition of boron oxides (0.05-0.5 mass%-B2O3) was found to be very effective. The influence of boron oxides on the microstructure was investigated. The restriction of anomalous grain growth was important for transparency. The samples added with 0.15 mass%-B2O3 showed high optical transmittance (80% with 1 mm thick).
The Role of Polygalacturonase in Root-Hair Invasion by Nodule Bacteria (1961)

SUMMARY: The production of polygalacturonase in associations of nodule bacteria and seedlings of leguminous plants was investigated. Plants and bacteria were combined in the following ways: (a) different plant species were combined with infective strains (isolated from the same cross inoculation group) as well as non-infective ones (from foreign groups); (b) host plant species with different susceptibilities were combined with the same bacterial strain; (c) bacterial strains with different in-fectivities, as measured by the number of infection sites, were combined with the same host species; (d) clover strains which had lost their infectivity, as well as transformed and again infective subcultures of these strains, were tested on clover plants. The results indicate that infection of the seedlings was strongly correlated with the production of polygalacturonase. The conclusion is drawn that polygalacturonase plays an important part in the infection process. This function is thought to be a weakening of the cell wall of the root hair which would facilitate the bacterial invasion. The possible role also of indolyl-3-acetic acid in the infection process is discussed.
Further advances in two-dimensional input-output by typewriter terminals (1967)

The purpose of this paper is to describe some new applications in the realm of two-dimensional input-output by typewriter terminal. These applications are extensions of the software and hardware system techniques covered in the references 1--4, 11--21. The principal elements of this approach consist of a versatile programming language and a reverse-indexing typewriter equipped with a special character set. This set permits not only normal alphanumerics but also the construction of arbitrarily-sized symbols by the use of a few interlocking primitive strokes. The reverse-indexing and indexing, together with spacing and backspacing, allow full two-dimensional keyboard control of the typed document. Typing errors are corrected by moving to the desired point and overtyping, or by pressing an "erase" button.
Sorption of Water at High Temperatures on Certain Clay Mineral Surfaces. Correlation with Lattice Fluoride (1967)

Abstract The sorption of water, at 490°C and ca. 23–24 torr, on clay mineral surfaces has been studied using thermogravimetry and infrared absorption spectroscopy. Results from a series of synthetic hectorites, with and without lattice fluoride (see Granquist and Pollack, 1960), point to the presence of F − in the clay lattice as an important condition for the sorption. Similar studies on natural hectorite and montmorillonite, synthetic interstratified montmorillonite/mica with and without fluoride, and Al 2 F 6 support this interpretation of the role of the F − ion and show that dioctahedral 2:1 clays sorb more water at 490°C than do trioctahedral 2:1 clays. The infrared spectra demonstrate that the sorbed water is for the most part hydrogen-bonded to the surface.
Rasip1 regulates vertebrate vascular endothelial junction stability through Epac1-Rap1 signaling (2013)

Establishment and stabilization of endothelial tubes with patent lumens is vital during vertebrate development. Ras-interacting protein 1 (RASIP1) has been described as an essential regulator of de novo lumenogenesis through modulation of endothelial cell (EC) adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we show that in mouse and zebrafish embryos, Rasip1-deficient vessels transition from an angioblast cord to a hollow tube, permit circulation of primitive erythrocytes, but ultimately collapse, leading to hemorrhage and embryonic lethality. Knockdown of RASIP1 does not alter EC-ECM adhesion, but causes cell-cell detachment and increases permeability of EC monolayers in vitro. We also found that endogenous RASIP1 in ECs binds Ras-related protein 1 (RAP1), but not Ras homolog gene family member A or cell division control protein 42 homolog. Using an exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate 1 (EPAC1)-RAP1-dependent model of nascent junction formation, we demonstrate that a fraction of the RASIP1 protein pool localizes to cell-cell contacts. Loss of RASIP1 phenocopies loss of RAP1 or EPAC1 in ECs by altering junctional actin organization, localization of the actin-bundling protein nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIB, and junction remodeling. Our data show that RASIP1 regulates the integrity of newly formed blood vessels as an effector of EPAC1-RAP1 signaling.
Studies on the varietal resistance of the soybean to the cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe and its damage (1969)

In order to find out resistant varieties of the soybean to the cyst nematode. Heterodera glycines Ich. 64 soybean varieties were tested. 1. According to the result of investigations about correlation between numbers of cyst nematodes and soybean yields ; in pot test . and in field investigation $. There is a negative correlation between the density of nematodes and the soybean yield. 2. All of the recommended varieties were appeared susceptible; P I-84751. P I-90763. Southern-proripic. Keumgang-sorip. Baektai were appeared comparatively resistant ; and other varieties were appeared to be medium or susceptible. 3. Fewer larvae were developed into adult female cysts in resistant varieties than in susceptible ones.
Epitaxial Growth and Air‐Stability of Monolayer Antimonene on PdTe<sub>2</sub> (2016)

Monolayer antimonene is fabricated on PdTe<sub>2</sub> by an epitaxial method. Monolayer antimonene is theoretically predicted to have a large bandgap for nanoelectronic devices. Air-exposure experiments indicate amazing chemical stability, which is great for device fabrication. A method to fabricate high-quality monolayer antimonene with several great properties for novel electronic and optoelectronic applications is provided.
Shielding and activation of a viral membrane fusion protein (2018)

Entry of enveloped viruses relies on insertion of hydrophobic residues of the viral fusion protein into the host cell membrane. However, the intermediate conformations during fusion remain unknown. Here, we address the fusion mechanism of Rift Valley fever virus. We determine the crystal structure of the Gn glycoprotein and fit it with the Gc fusion protein into cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of the virion. Our analysis reveals how the Gn shields the hydrophobic fusion loops of the Gc, preventing premature fusion. Electron cryotomography of virions interacting with membranes under acidic conditions reveals how the fusogenic Gc is activated upon removal of the Gn shield. Repositioning of the Gn allows extension of Gc and insertion of fusion loops in the outer leaflet of the target membrane. These data show early structural transitions that enveloped viruses undergo during host cell entry and indicate that analogous shielding mechanisms are utilized across diverse virus families.
In Vivo Imaging of the Glucagonlike Peptide 1 Receptor in the Pancreas with <sup>68</sup>Ga-Labeled DO3A-Exendin-4 (2013)

These results strongly support the notion that (68)Ga-DO3A-exendin-4 uptake in the pancreas is mediated by specific receptor binding. In addition, pancreatic uptake was decreased by selective destruction of β-cells. This result suggests that GLP-1R can be quantified in vivo, which has major implications for the prospect of imaging of native β-cells.
GOTCHA! Network-Based Fraud Detection for Social Security Fraud (2016)

We study the impact of network information for social security fraud detection. In a social security system, companies have to pay taxes to the government. This study aims to identify those companies that intentionally go bankrupt to avoid contributing their taxes. We link companies to each other through their shared resources, because some resources are the instigators of fraud. We introduce GOTCHA!, a new approach to define and extract features from a time-weighted network and to exploit and integrate network-based and intrinsic features in fraud detection. The GOTCHA! propagation algorithm diffuses fraud through the network, labeling the unknown and anticipating future fraud while simultaneously decaying the importance of past fraud. We find that domain-driven network variables have a significant impact on detecting past and future frauds and improve the baseline by detecting up to 55% additional fraudsters over time. This paper was accepted by Lorin Hitt, information systems.
Immunohistochemical expression of embryonal marker TRA-1–60 in carcinoma in situ and germ cell tumors of the testis (1993)

The study demonstrated an antigenic link between fetal germ cells, cells of CIS and seminomas, and embryonal carcinomas. The results provided additional evidence for the hypothesis that testicular neoplasia arises during early fetal life and CIS cells are malignant fetal gonocytes.
Task Scheduling and File Replication for Data-Intensive Jobs with Batch-shared I/O (2006)

This paper addresses the problem of efficient execution of a batch of data-intensive tasks with batch-shared I/O behavior, on coupled storage and compute clusters. Two scheduling schemes are proposed: 1) a 0-1 integer programming (IP) based approach, which couples task scheduling and data replication, and 2) a bi-level hypergraph partitioning based heuristic approach (BiPartition), which decouples task scheduling and data replication. The experimental results show that: 1) the IP scheme achieves the best batch execution time, but has significant scheduling overhead, thereby restricting its application to small scale workloads, and 2) the BiPartition scheme is a better fit for larger workloads and systems - it has very low scheduling overhead and no more than 5-10% degradation in solution quality, when compared with the IP based approach