gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fundamental equations of nonlinear fiber optics (2004)

A set of nonlinear differential equations are derived from the first principles, namely the Maxwell's equations and the material responses to electromagnetic excitations. The derivation retains the mathematical exactitude down to details. Still in compact and convenient forms, the final equations include the effect of group-velocity dispersion down to an arbitrary order, and take into account the frequency variations of the optical loss as well as the transverse modal function. Also established is a new formulation of multi-component nonlinear differential equations, which is especially suitable for the study of wide-band wavelength-division multiplexed systems of optical communications. The formulations are applied to discuss the problem of compensating the optical nonlinearity of fiber transmission lines using optical phase conjugation. Two system configurations are identified suitable for nonlinearity compensation. One setup is mirror-symmetric and the other translationally symmetric about the optical phase conjugator, both being in a scaled sense.
Development of the emerging electromagnetic methods for deep earth exploration (2019)

Abstract Three emerging techniques for surface electromagnetic (EM) exploration with high detection accuracy and large depth of investigation, namely, WEM (wireless electromagnetic method), MTEM (multi‐channel transient electromagnetic method) and SOTEM (short‐offset grounded‐wire TEM), are introduced. In detail, we proposed a newly developed sky‐wave theory in which EM wave can propagate in full space of ionosphere‐atmosphere‐lithosphere. Correspondingly, we developed the WEM recording system to measure the sky‐wave to obtain the structures down to ∼10 km depth. We then introduced MTEM as a highly effective method for mineral exploration with target depth of 3km. Using self‐developed MTEM system, we presented the results obtained from mineral exploration study carried out in China. Lastly, we proposed the SOTEM method for a greater detection depth (1.5km) than traditional loop source TEM (500m) with a small offset and high resolution.
SimFlex: Statistical Sampling of Computer System Simulation (2006)

Timing-accurate full-system multiprocessor simulations can take years because of architecture and application complexity. Statistical sampling makes simulation-based studies feasible by providing ten-thousand-fold reductions in simulation runtime and enabling thousand-way simulation parallelism
Interference Filters for the Far Infrared (1968)

Perforated metal plates (grids) of various kinds are used for the construction of transmission filters for the far ir. Examples are given of filters with low pass, high pass, bandpass, and bandstop characteristics with steep slopes. These filters are the optical equivalents of microwave waveguide filters. They can be designed by the same theoretical procedures as those to meet a wide variety of different specifications, at least in principle. Actually, losses and constructional tolerances limit the performance. Measurements at oblique incidence indicate that the filters will find useful application in light pipes too. Furthermore, they may prove advantageous in short millimeter wave systems that employ optical techniques.
Piezoelectricity in thin film materials (1981)

The need for efficient ultrasonic transducers in the 100 MHz to several GHz frequency range has stimulated the development of a number of transducer structures using piezoelectric thin films. Starting in the early 1960’s with primarily longitudinal bulk mode transduction in CdS films, the piezoelectric thin film transducer technology has progressed over the years to the controlled generation and detection of both longitudinal and shear waves in films of CdS, ZnO, and other materials. While most of the early work was directed towards bulk waves, the more recent strong interest in SAW devices has encouraged the use of piezoelectric thin films, primarily ZnO, in this arena also. A combination of experimental work and theoretical studies has generated a rather comprehensive understanding of the structure and behavior of piezoelectric thin films for both bulk and surface wave applications.
Expression of a Gene Specific for Iron Deficiency (<italic>Ids3</italic>) in the Roots of <italic>Hordeum vulgare</italic> (1993)

To clone genes required for the synthesis of mugineic acid (MA) or for the transport of Fe(III)-MA, a lambda ZAPII cDNA library was constructed from poly(A)(+)-RNA isolated from Fe-deficient barley roots. The cDNA library was then used for differential screening of barley roots that had been grown in the presence and absence of iron. Seven clones that hybridized specifically to the probe for Fe deficiency were selected. One clone, presumably encoding a full-length mRNA, as deduced from Northern hybridization, was sequenced. The clone consisting of 1685 nucleotides encoded a putative protein of 169 amino acids and an M(r) of 18704. The gene was specifically expressed in the roots of iron-deficient barley. A search for homologies in a protein database (NBRF) revealed that the predicted protein product has a functional peptide domain that resembles that of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases.
Accurate and robust phylogeny estimation based on profile distances: a study of the Chlorophyceae (Chlorophyta) (2004)

Phylogenetic analysis of Chlorophyceae with traditional methods (MP, NJ, ML and MrBayes) reveals seven well supported subclades, but the methods disagree on the basal branching pattern. The tree reconstructed by our method is better supported and can be confirmed by known morphological characters. Moreover the accuracy is significantly improved as shown by parametric bootstrap.
Molecular Weight Dependence of Adhesive Strength in Plasma Treated Low Density Poly(ethylene) Sheet with Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) Film (2005)

低密度ポリエチレンシート(LDPE)にプラズマ処理を施し，これと前もってプラズマ処理されたポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(PET)を接着剤なしで圧着した。圧着したラミネート物について剥離試験を行い，剥離強度を求めた。そして剥離強度と圧着温度の関係，および剥離強度とLDPEの分子量の関係を調べた。その結果，前者に関しては，それぞれの分子量に対して，最大強度を示す圧着温度が存在することが見出された。また，後者に関しても，最大強度を示すLDPEの分子量が決まっている現象が見出された。最後にこれらが存在する原因について考察した。
<title>Determination of the optical parameters of thin palladium layers and their application in optical hydrogen sensors</title> (2004)

The paper presents the results and way of measuring the dispersion of the complex refractive index of thin palladium layers in an atmosphere containing hydrogen with a concentration below the threshold of explosion (<4%). The measurements were carried out making use of exciting the surface plasmon wave.
Current progress in patient-specific (2009)

We present a survey of recent advancements in the emerging field of patient-specific modeling (PSM). Researchers in this field are currently simulating a wide variety of tissue and organ dynamics to address challenges in various clinical domains. The majority of this research employs three-dimensional, image-based modeling techniques. Recent PSM publications mostly represent feasibility or preliminary validation studies on modeling technologies, and these systems will require further clinical validation and usability testing before they can become a standard of care. We anticipate that with further testing and research, PSM-derived technologies will eventually become valuable, versatile clinical tools. computer simulation; clinical decision support techniques; computer-assisted three dimensional imaging
Alteration Of Gallium Distribution in the Rat Using Periodically Related Elements Enhanced early imaging (1981)

Complexes of carrier-gallium and indium were administered to normal rats and rats with tumors 2 to 6 hours after an injection of carrier-free 67Ga citrate in order to determine their effect on the distribution of 67Ga. Both Ga and In rapidly and significantly decreased the blood activity. Imaging with the same dosage schedule showed decreased activity in soft tissue and viscera, and increased activity in bone, kidney, and bladder. In animals with tumor high doses of carrier-Ga were shown to deplete tumor activity as well as activity in viscera and soft tissues. Moderate doses of carrier-Ga allowed blood and soft tissue clearing with no significant loss of tumor activity. When In citrate was administered to animals with tumors 2 hours after administration of 67Ga, tumor activity continued to increase while soft tissue and visceral activity decreased. Simultaneous injection of In citrate and 67Ga drastically altered the distribution of 67Ga. Two hours after the injection activity was present only in the tumor, kidney, bladder, and bone. This rapid clearance of non-productive Ga brings forth the potential for use of short lived, positron emitting 68Ga coupled with emission tomography.
New design of an ion cyclotron resonance cell capable of temperature variation over the range 80⩽<i>T</i>⩽450 K (1978)

The design of an ICR cell capable of convenient operation over the temperature range 80⩽T⩽450 K is reported. Time–temperature plots indicate that the cell can undergo changes in temperatures of ΔT=100 K in 30–45 min. Thermal gradients in the cell are small, less than ±2 K. Factors that governed the design of the cell are discussed in detail, as are potential problem areas. The cell is tested by measuring two proton transfer equilibrium constants, one that shows a large temperature coefficient and the other a small temperature coefficient. In each case the results agree well with similar experimental data in the literature.
Copolymerizations of ω-Pentadecalactone and Trimethylene Carbonate by Chemical and Lipase Catalysis (2001)

Copolymerizations of ω-pentadecalactone (PDL) with trimethylene carbonate (TMC) were studied using chemical and enzyme catalysts. By using stannous octanoate, methylaluminoxane (MAO), or aluminum isopropoxide, copolymerizations of PDL with TMC with 1:1 feed ratio resulted in either homo-polyTMC or PDL/TMC block copolymers. These catalysts polymerize TMC more rapidly than PDL. A copolymerization catalyzed by MAO gave poly(TMC-co-16 mol % PDL) with Mn 26.4 × 103g/mol and randomness numder (B) about 1.1. The sodium ethoxide-catalyzed copolymerization led to products with low Mn (<6.8 × 103) but nearly random sequence distribution. The copolymerization of PDL with TMC was also studied by using lipase catalysts. Of the six lipases evaluated for PDL/TMC copolymerizations in toluene at 70 °C, an immobilized form of lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozyme-435) was preferred. Changing the PDL/TMC comonomer feed ratio from 1:10 to 10:1 (mol/mol) provided copolymers that ranged in Mn and PDL mol % from 7.3 × 103 to 25.2 × 103 and 28 to 88, respectively. In contrast to the chemical catalyst systems, Novozyme-435 catalysis showed that PDL was consumed more rapidly than TMC. Also, in contrast to most of the chemical catalysts, 1H and 13C NMR analyses showed that the copolymers from Novozyme-435 catalysis were able to give a random distribution of the repeat units at extended reaction times. Furthermore, in contrast to TMC polymerization in the presence of preformed polyPDL with MAO, Novozyme-435 catalyzed polymerization led to random copolymers.
An Electronic Method for Solving Simultaneous Equations1 (1948)

In connection with the requirements of color correction discussed in the preceding paper, we found that a set of n simultaneous equations can be solved by using each of the n error signals to control one of the independent variables. Stability of this equation-solving network can be achieved by the proper interconnection. In applying this procedure to the equations for color correction, it was necessary to find the sum of eight terms, each of which is the product of either three or four independent variables. It was found that these individual products could be computed by making use of the fact that, if n events have probabilities of occurrence a, b, ⋯n, respectively, the probability of their simultaneous occurrence is the product of their individual probabilities abc ⋯n. By generating rectangular waves of irrationally related frequencies whose positive pulse widths are proportional to the values of the unknown variables, and applying these signals to the grid of a vacuum tube in such a manner that its plate current flows only when all of the signals have positive values simultaneously, the average value of the plate current is proportional to the required product. When controlled in this way, eight vacuum tubes with their plates connected in parallel deliver an average current that is proportional to the required sum.
Persistent protein kinase activation in the maintenance phase of long-term potentiation. (1991)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus is a robust form of synaptic plasticity that may contribute to mammalian memory formation. A variety of pharmacological evidence suggests that persistent kinase activation contributes to the maintenance of LTP. To determine whether persistent activation of protein kinases was associated with the maintenance phase of LTP, protein kinase activity was measured in control and LTP samples using exogenous protein kinase substrates in an in vitro assay of homogenates of the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. After LTP, protein kinase activity was persistently increased, and the induction of this effect was blocked by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid. The increased protein kinase activity was found to be significantly attenuated by PKC(19-36), a selective peptide inhibitor of protein kinase C. Thus, LTP is associated with an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated generation of a persistently activated form of protein kinase C. These data lend strong support to the model that persistent protein kinase activation contributes to the maintenance of LTP.
Polymer concrete and polymer mortar using resins based on recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1992)

Abstract Fundamental properties of polymer concrete (PC) and polymer mortar (PM) made from unsaturated polyester resins based on recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, are described. Mechanical properties investigated include strength, modulus of elasticity, ductility index, Poisson's ratio, coefficient of thermal expansion, shrinkage, and exotherm. Durability properties include chemical resistance, water absorption, sand‐blast resistance, and thermal cycles of thin overlays on portland cement concrete slabs. Resins based on recycled PET offer the possibility of a lower source cost for forming useful PC and PM (PC/PM) based products. The recycling of PET in PC and PM would also help alleviate an environmental problem and save energy.
Postassembly Chemical Modification of a Highly Ordered Organosilane Multilayer: New Insights into the Structure, Bonding, and Dynamics of Self-Assembling Silane Monolayers (2008)

Experimental evidence derived from a comprehensive study of a self-assembled organosilane multilayer film system undergoing a process of postassembly chemical modification that affects interlayer-located polar groups of the constituent molecules while preserving its overall molecular architecture allows a quantitative evaluation of both the degree of intralayer polymerization and that of interlayer covalent bonding of the silane headgroups in a highly ordered layer assembly of this type. The investigated system consists of a layer-by-layer assembled multilayer of a bifunctional n-alkyl silane with terminal alcohol group that is in situ converted, via a wet chemical oxidation process conducted on the entire multilayer, to the corresponding carboxylic acid function. A combined chemical-structural analysis of data furnished by four different techniques, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), synchrotron X-ray scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements, demonstrates that the highly ordered 3D molecular arrangement of the initial alcohol-silane multilayer stack is well preserved upon virtually quantitative conversion of the alcohol to carboxylic acid and the concomitant irreversible cleavage of interlayer covalent bonds. Thus, the correlation of quantitative chemical and structural data obtained from such unreacted and fully reacted film samples offers an unprecedented experimental framework within which it becomes possible to differentiate between intralayer and interlayer covalent bonding. In addition, the use of a sufficiently thick multilayer effectively eliminates the interfering contributions of the underlying silicon oxide substrate to both the X-ray scattering and XPS data. The present findings contribute a firm experimental basis to the elucidation of the self-assembly mechanism, the molecular organization, and the modes and dynamics of intra- and interlayer bonding prevailing in highly ordered organosilane films; with further implications for the rational exploitation of some of the unique options such supramolecular surface entities can offer in the advancement of a chemical nanofabrication methodology.
A Transverse Tubule NADPH Oxidase Activity Stimulates Calcium Release from Isolated Triads via Ryanodine Receptor Type 1 S -Glutathionylation (2006)

We report here the presence of an NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity both in intact and in isolated transverse tubules and in triads isolated from mammalian skeletal muscle, as established by immunochemical, enzymatic, and pharmacological criteria. Immunohistochemical determinations with NOX antibodies showed that the gp91(phox) membrane subunit and the cytoplasmic regulatory p47(phox) subunit co-localized in transverse tubules of adult mice fibers with the alpha1s subunit of dihydropyridine receptors. Western blot analysis revealed that isolated triads contained the integral membrane subunits gp91(phox) and p22(phox), which were markedly enriched in isolated transverse tubules but absent from junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. Isolated triads and transverse tubules, but not junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum, also contained varying amounts of the cytoplasmic NOX regulatory subunits p47(phox) and p67(phox). NADPH or NADH elicited superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide generation by isolated triads; both activities were inhibited by NOX inhibitors but not by rotenone. NADH diminished the total thiol content of triads by one-third; catalase or apocynin, a NOX inhibitor, prevented this effect. NADPH enhanced the activity of ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) in triads, measured through [3H]ryanodine binding and calcium release kinetics, and increased significantly RyR1 S-glutathionylation over basal levels. Preincubation with reducing agents or NOX inhibitors abolished the enhancement of RyR1 activity produced by NADPH and prevented NADPH-induced RyR1 S-glutathionylation. We propose that reactive oxygen species generated by the transverse tubule NOX activate via redox modification the neighboring RyR1 Ca2+ release channels. Possible implications of this putative mechanism for skeletal muscle function are discussed.
The Efficacy of Intrathecal Neostigmine, Intrathecal Morphine, and Their Combination for Post-Cesarean Section Analgesia (1998)

Intrathecal (i.t.) neostigmine 25 microg produced postoperative analgesia for cesarean section similar to that of i.t. morphine 100 microg, but with a high incidence of nausea and vomiting. The combination of i.t. neostigmine 12.5 microg and i.t. morphine 50 microg may produce better postoperative analgesia with fewer side effects than i.t. neostigmine 25 microg or i.t. morphine 100 microg alone.
Charge transport and breakdown physics in liquid/solid insulation systems (2013)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.
Efficient full-chip thermal modeling and analysis (2005)

The ever-increasing power consumption and packaging density of integrated systems creates on-chip temperatures and gradients that can have a substantial impact on performance and reliability. While it is conceptually understood that a thermal equivalent circuit can be constructed to characterize the temperature gradients across the chip, direct and iterative solutions of the corresponding 3D equations are often intractable for a full-chip analysis. Multigrid accelerated iterative methods can be applied to solve the equivalent circuit problem that is provably symmetric positive definite; however, explicitly building the matrix problem is intractable for most full-chip problems. In This work we present a multigrid iterative approach for the full-chip thermal analysis which does not require explicit construction of the equivalent circuit matrix. We propose specific multigrid treatments to cope with the strong anisotropy of the full-chip thermal problem that is created by the vast difference in material thermal properties and chip geometries. Importantly, we demonstrate that only with careful thermal modeling assumptions and appropriate choices for grid hierarchy, multigrid operators and smoothing steps across grid points, can we accurately and efficiently analyze a full-chip thermal problem. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed multigrid methodology. Our prototyped thermal simulator is able to solve a steady-state problem with more than 10 million unknowns in 125 CPU seconds with a peak memory usage of 231 mega bytes.
L’évaluation des sensations (IV, V, VI) (1950)

Piéron Henri. L’évaluation des sensations (IV, V, VI). In: Bulletin du Groupe d'études de psychologie de l'Université de Paris, 3e année n°7, 1950. pp. 24-26.
Piperidinium tethered nanoparticle-hybrid electrolyte for lithium metal batteries (2014)

Piperidinium-based ionic liquid hybrid nanoparticle electrolytes exhibit exceptional ionic conductivity and smoothen lithium electrodeposition during recharge of lithium metal batteries.
On the Choice of Tool Material in Friction Stir Welding of Titanium Alloys (2012)

Apoptosis is a normally biological phenomenon in various organisms, involving complexly molecular mechanisms with a series of signaling processes. Notch signaling is found evolutionarily conserved in many species, playing a critical role in embryonic development, normal tissue homeostasis, angiogenesis and immunoregulation. The focus of this review is on currently novel advances about roles of CSL-dependent and independent Notch signaling pathways in cell apoptosis. The CSL can bind Notch intracellular domain (NIC) to act as a switch in mediating transcriptional activation or inactivation of the Notch signaling pathway downstream genes in the nucleus. It shows that CSL-dependent signaling regulates the cell apoptosis through Hes-1-PTEN-AKT-mTOR signaling, but rather the CSL-independent signaling mediates the cell apoptosis possibly via NIC-mTORC2-AKT-mTOR signaling, providing a new insight into apoptotic mechanisms.
Bias correction using background stars for space-based IR tracking (2009)

This paper proposes a methodology for removing sensor bias from a space-based infrared (IR) tracking system through the use of stars detected in the background field of the sensor. The tracking system consists of several satellites each equipped with a narrow-view IR sensor that provides bearing observations of the target. As stars are detected the instantaneous sensor pointing error can be calculated as the difference between star detection reading and the known position of the star. The system utilizes a separate bias filter to estimate the bias value based on these detections and adjust the target line of sight measurements accordingly. The target state is estimated through a Linearized Kalman Filter (LKF). Mean Error results are given for the period when the target is in view of the satellite IR sensors. The results of this research provide a potential solution to bias correction while simultaneously tracking a target.