gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple but efficient real-time Voice Activity Detection algorithm (2009)

Voice Activity Detection (VAD) is a very important front end processing in all Speech and Audio processing applications. The performance of most if not all speech/audio processing methods is crucially dependent on the performance of Voice Activity Detection. An ideal voice activity detector needs to be independent from application area and noise condition and have the least parameter tuning in real applications. In this paper a nearly ideal VAD algorithm is proposed which is both easy-to-implement and noise robust, comparing to some previous methods. The proposed method uses shortterm features such as Spectral Flatness (SF) and Short-term Energy. This helps the method to be appropriate for online processing tasks. The proposed method was evaluated on several speech corpora with additive noise and is compared with some of the most recent proposed algorithms. The experiments show satisfactory performance in various noise conditions. 1.
Analysis of a transposable element in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1983)

A transposable element, designated Tc1, has been characterized in Caenorhabditis elegans. Tc1 is 1.7 kilobases long, has an inverted terminal repeat of less than 100 base pairs, and is repeated as a highly conserved element. The copy number and genomic positions of Tc1 are extremely variable among strains, implying that Tc1 is mobile. However, progeny of interstrain crosses did not show hybrid dysgenic traits that might be due to Tc1 transposition.
Mast Cell Involvement in Interstitial Cystitis (1987)

A prospective study was designed to examine the relationship of mast cells, and eosinophilic leukocyte density and mediator levels to clinical and histological parameters of interstitial cystitis. Interstitial cystitis and control patients underwent bladder biopsy with histological examination, and quantification of intact and degranulated mast cell and eosinophilic leukocyte density. In addition, bladder tissue histamine content, urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion rates, and serum and urinary major basic protein levels were determined. A strong relationship among detrusor mast cell density, especially degranulated, and degree of epithelial loss, submucosal inflammation, epithelial ulceration, urinary pyuria and response to treatment was noted. Bladder tissue histamine content and urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion were increased in the interstitial cystitis patients. Eosinophil density in bladder biopsies was low uniformly, and interstitial cystitis and control patients showed no statistical difference. In addition, serum and urinary major basic protein levels were below the accepted normal lower limits for this protein. Therefore, our study demonstrates a relationship between the mast cell and the inflammatory process of interstitial cystitis. No similar relationship was noted for the eosinophil.
Integration Testing of Composite Applications (2008)

A service-oriented architecture enables composite applications that support business processes to be defined and built dynamically from loosely coupled and interoperable web services. The testing and debugging of such applications presents special challenges in terms of localizing faults within the architecture, as well as addressing distributed, multi-user interactions. In this paper we define an integration test framework for composite applications based on defining test cases of expected behavior for composite applications and the web services used. The test framework is implemented in TTCN-3 using a test agent architecture that supports coordinated "grey-box" testing of application behavior and web service interaction. The essential issues that must be addressed in implementing such a framework are identified, and we illustrate how TTCN-3 support for templates, abstraction levels, set operations, and pattern matching allow one to address these issues efficiently and effectively.
Recent experiences with electronic acoustical enhancement in concert halls, opera houses, and outdoor venues (2000)

This paper gives a brief summary of acoustical theory based on human perception. It then uses this theory to discuss the design criteria and performance data of electronic acoustic-enhancement systems installed in a number of venues. The installations include the Deutches Staatsoper in Berlin, the Hummingbird Centre in Toronto, the Circle Theatre in Indianapolis, the Adelaide Festival Centre Theater in Adelaide, Australia, and Morbisch FestSpiele in Austria. Solutions to the problems of maintaining optimum clarity while providing optimum envelopment are given.
A novel coding scheme for full parallax 3D-TV pictures (2002)

A unique integral imaging system is employed as part of a three dimensional television system, allowing display of full colour 3D images with continuous parallax within a wide viewing zone. A significant quantity of data is required to represent captured integral 3D images with adequate resolution. A a lossy compression scheme is described, based on the use of a three dimensional discrete cosine transform (3D-DCT), which makes possible efficient storage and transmission of such images while maintaining all information necessary to produce a high quality 3D display. The results of simulations performed using the 3D-DCT algorithm are presented and it is shown that the rate-distortion performance is vastly improved compared with that achieved using baseline JPEG, with captured integral 3D image data.
Mass spectrometry of inductively coupled plasmas (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMass spectrometry of inductively coupled plasmasR. S. HoukCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 1, 97A–105APublication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online22 September 2008Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00292a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00292a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1835Altmetric-Citations366LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Base-catalysed, one-step mechanochemical conversion of chitin and shrimp shells into low molecular weight chitosan (2017)

A facile, solid-state mechanochemical method was developed for the synthesis of low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) in one step from chitin and crude shrimp shell powders, in which chitin undergoes simultaneous deacetylation and depolymerisation in the presence of a base catalyst under mechanical milling.
Construction and analysis of the protein-protein interaction networks for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression (2011)

Several previously unidentified disease marker genes and drug targets, such as SBNO2 (schizophrenia), SEC24C (bipolar disorder), and SRRT (major depression), were identified based on statistical and topological analyses of the PPI network. The shared or interconnecting marker genes may explain the shared symptoms of the studied diseases. Furthermore, the "switchboard" genes, such as APP, UBC, and YWHAZ, are proposed as potential targets for developing new treatments due to their functional and topological significance.
Whorton v. Bockting and the Watershed Exception of Teague v. Lane (2007)

In Whorton v. Bockting, the Supreme Court considered whether its rule from Crawford v. Washington, prohibiting the admission of testimonial hearsay statements without a prior opportunity for the defendant to cross-examine the declarant, should be applied retroactively to cases on collateral appeal under the standard set forth in Teague v. Lane. The determination rested on whether Crawford announced a "new rule" that should be applied retroactively by virtue of its being a "watershed rule of criminal procedure implicating the fundamental fairness and accuracy of the criminal proceeding." In a unanimous decision, the Court held that Crawford did announce a "new rule" of criminal procedure, but that "this rule does not fall within the Teague exception for watershed rules." Therefore, the respondent could not benefit from the Crawford rule in collateral review of his original state court conviction.
A Key to the Lizards of the United States and Canada (1936)

The following key is based very largely on the writer's personal comparison of specimens in various collections, with special reference to those in the United States National Museum and the California Academy of Sciences. All genera have been examined critically. The herpetological literature has yielded much of value in the way of pointing out the differential characteristics of various forms, and the present writer, like any other who undertakes a similar problem in the biological field, finds himself deeply indebted to contemporary and previous workers. Cope and Van Denburgh merit special mention here. This key is purely artificial, being arranged for the convenience of its users, and not even a family sequence is maintained in the text. The ranges have been prepared (1) from published records, (2) from unpublished records held by the writer, and (3) from records verified by reliable herpetologists in recent correspondence. The known distribution of each species and subspecies is indicated, but future extensions of these limits (especially slight ones) may be expected. As Blanchard has stated in his useful Key to the Snakes of the United States, Canada, and Lower California, a species is conceived to be a population of similar individuals of similar habits, freely interbreeding and maintaining a high degree of constancy in most superficial as well as in all fundamental details throughout a generally considerable area. An unusual local emphasis on minor features is common, but it is not considered of taxonomic importance in separating species and subspecies. A subspecies is of the same nature as a species, except that it actually or potentially intergrades with members of one or more adjacent populations in areas where the two or more ranges involved approach or overlap. The intermediate zone of apparent intergradation delineated for two subspecies is often narrow, especially in regions like the Great Basin and the West Coast where sharp contrasts in environments are frequently presented, but the zone of intergradation may be wider in certain instances. It is often no easy task to apply the above criteria for the recognition of species and subspecies in the actual study of specimens from diverse areas, as any systematist knows. Common names are used to accompany scientific names throughout the following key. The scientific name of an animal is the same throughout the world, but the common name often varies with the locality or language. Standardized common names have been applied by the general Englishspeaking public to many lizards (such as hored toads for the lizards of the genus Phrynosoma), while many less-known forms have been given more or less appropriate names by specialists. The present list represents an attempt
The 5' -flanking sequence of human interferon-β<sub>1</sub>, gene is responsible for viral induction of transcription (1983)

The structural gene for Herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase (Tk) was fused downstream of the 5'-flanking sequence (from -284 to +20; numbering relative to the putative transcription initiation site) of the cloned human interferon-beta 1 (IFN-beta 1) gene. The fusion gene was linked to the vector pSV2-Ecogpt and the recombinant plasmid was used to transform mouse FM3A cells. All cloned transformants in which the fusion gene was integrated in an intact form produced the Tk specific transcript with the distinct 5' terminus corresponding to that of the authentic IFN-beta 1 mRNA when they were exposed to Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Thus, the results reported here provide evidence for the presence of specific DNA sequences in the 5'-flanking region of the IFN-beta 1 gene required for the virus mediated activation of transcription.
Measurement and Model of the Infrared Two-Photon Emission Spectrum of GaAs (2009)

Two-photon emission from semiconductors was recently observed, but not fully interpreted. We develop a dressed-state model incorporating intraband scattering-related level broadening, yielding nondivergent emission rates. The spectrum calculations for high carrier concentrations including the time dependence of the screening buildup correspond well to our measured two-photon emission spectrum from GaAs.
GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor binding and localization in the tiger salamander retina (2000)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the retina and also appears to act as a trophic factor regulating photoreceptor development and regeneration. Although the tiger salamander is a major model system for the study of retinal circuitry and regeneration, our understanding of GABA receptors in this species is almost exclusively based on the results of physiological studies. Therefore, we have examined the pharmacological binding properties of GABA(A) receptors and their anatomical localization in the tiger salamander retina. Radioligand-binding studies showed that specific 3H-GABA binding to GABA(A) receptors was dominated by a single high-affinity binding site (Kd = 15.6+/-6.9 nM). Specific binding of 3H-GABA was almost completely eliminated by muscimol (Ki = 105+/-62 nM) and bicuculline (Ki = 14.3+/-2.2 microM); however, SR-95531 only displaced about 40% of specific 3H-GABA binding (Ki = 35.0+/-3.8 nM). These data indicate that there are at least two subtypes of GABA(A) receptors present in the salamander retina that can be distinguished by their antagonist binding properties: one sensitive to both bicuculline and SR-95531, and one sensitive to bicuculline but insensitive to SR-95531. Because localization of GABA receptors in the salamander retina by immunocytochemistry is problematic, GABA(A) receptors were localized by fluorescent ligand binding combined with immunocytochemical labeling for cell specific markers. Binding of fluorescently labeled muscimol to GABA(A) receptors was present in both plexiform layers and on photoreceptor cell bodies. GABA(A) receptors in the outer plexiform layer were localized to both photoreceptor terminals and horizontal cell processes.
Electron spin resonance study of the radical reactivity of C60 (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron spin resonance study of the radical reactivity of C60P. J. Krusic, E. Wasserman, B. A. Parkinson, B. Malone, E. R. Holler Jr., P. N. Keizer, J. R. Morton, and K. F. PrestonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 16, 6274–6275Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00016a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00016a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views659Altmetric-Citations236LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
16 kbit/s wideband speech coding based on unequal subbands (2002)

We propose a split-band encoding scheme for 16 kbit/s wideband speech coding (50-7000 Hz), using 2 unequal subbands from 0-6 kHz and from 6-7 kHz. This approach was motivated by an experimental evaluation of the signal bandwidth of speech frames. The higher subband is simply represented by white noise with adjustment of the short term energy. For the lower subband code-excited linear prediction (CELP) is used. The analysis filter bank, which performs the unequal band splitting combined with critical subsampling of the sub-bands, is described. A bit error concealment technique and the bit allocation is also presented. By informal listening tests the speech quality was rated higher than the speech quality of the CCITT G.722 wideband codec operating at 48 kbit/s.
Adaptive learning approach to landmine detection (2005)

We consider landmine detection using forward-looking ground penetrating radar (FLGPR). The two main challenging tasks include extracting intricate structures of target signals and adapting a classifier to the surrounding environment through learning. Through the time-frequency (TF) analysis, we find that the most discriminant information is TF localized. This observation motivates us to use the over-complete wavelet packet transform (WPT) to sparsely represent signals with the discriminant information encoded into several bases. Then the sequential floating forward selection method is used to extract these components and thereby a neural network (NNW) classifier is designed. To further improve the classification performance and deal with the problem of detecting mines in an unconstraint environment, the AdaBoost algorithm is used. We integrate the feature selection process into the original AdaBoost algorithm. In each iteration, AdaBoost identifies the hard-to-learn examples and a new set of features which provide the specific discriminant information for these hard samples is extracted adaptively and a new classifier is trained. Experimental results based on measured data are presented, showing that a significant improvement on the classification performance can be achieved.
MUC1 cell surface mucin is a critical element of the mucosal barrier to infection (2007)

Cell surface mucin glycoproteins are highly expressed by all mucosal tissues, yet their physiological role is currently unknown. We hypothesized that cell surface mucins protect mucosal cells from infection. A rapid progressive increase in gastrointestinal expression of mucin 1 (Muc1) cell surface mucin followed infection of mice with the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. In the first week following oral infection, C. jejuni was detected in the systemic organs of the vast majority of Muc1(-/-) mice but never in Muc1(+/+) mice. Although C. jejuni entered gastrointestinal epithelial cells of both Muc1(-/-) and Muc1(+/+) mice, small intestinal damage as manifested by increased apoptosis and enucleated and shed villous epithelium was more common in Muc1(-/-) mice. Using radiation chimeras, we determined that prevention of systemic infection in wild-type mice was due exclusively to epithelial Muc1 rather than Muc1 on hematopoietic cells. Expression of MUC1-enhanced resistance to C. jejuni cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) in vitro and CDT null C. jejuni showed lower gastric colonization in Muc1(-/-) mice in vivo. We believe this is the first in vivo experimental study to demonstrate that cell surface mucins are a critical component of mucosal defence and that the study provides the foundation for exploration of their contribution to epithelial infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Judgement criteria for molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in epidemiologic studies: a summary of the European meeting on MIH held in Athens, 2003. (2003)

There was not complete agreement as to the correct diagnosis and aetiology of the condition. A suggested list of definitions of the judgement criteria to be used in diagnosing Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) for prevalence studies was agreed upon.
The Measurement of Flow Resistance of Porous Acoustic Materials (1942)

The flow resistance is one of the three physical parameters of a uniform, rigid, porous material which completely determine its acoustic behavior; for more complicated materials and sound absorbing structures the flow resistance gives at least some acoustic information. The specific flow resistivity or flow resistance per unit cube is given by the equation r = pAt/Vt, in which p is the pressure drop in dynes per cm2 across the thickness l cm of a sample of area A cm2 when a volume V cc of air flows steadily through the sample in a time t sec. An accurate method has been developed for obtaining r by direct measurements of the quantities p, A, t, V, and l. Using this method flow resistance measurements have been made on twenty-four materials over a wide range of velocities. The measurements show that for nearly all materials there is a variation of flow resistance with velocity. For most materials the resistivity is constant below 0.1 cm per sec. but increases considerably at higher velocities. It is shown that previously described comparison methods, which have the advantages of simplicity and speed, might yield results in serious error unless certain suggested precautions are observed. As indicated previously, a direct correlation is found between the steady state flow resistance values and the resistive component of acoustic impedance for several materials. Analysis of the data also yields additional information bearing on the basic physical processes involved in the absorption of sound in these materials. In addition, the measurement of flow resistance has practical applications, such as the rapid routine checking of uniformity of samples of porous materials.
A high performance low power 2048-bit memory chip in MOSFET technology and its application (1976)

A static 2048-bit read/wire memory chip for main stores is described. It uses a modified 6-device memory cell in an n-channel MOSFET technology. To exploit the potential of the given MOSFET technology with respect to the cost/performance ratio and the power-delay product, special provisions are taken. The power is kept low by the gate driver concept as well as by clocked peripheral circuits. High performance is achieved with fast peripheral circuits, the delayed chip select concept, and a bipolar sense amplifier which also supplies the bit-line restore voltage. Circuits are presented which successfully utilize the on-chip tracking to reduce the impact of device parameter tolerances on worst case power and performance. It is shown how the memory chip is packaged on modules, cards, and boards to build up functional memory units.