gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of Ca-organic interactions in soil aggregate stability .III. Mechanisms and models (1989)

Serial additions of glucose after drying-wetting cycles led to substantial aggregation of the surface soil from a red-brown earth. Addition of glucose and Ca compounds resulted in up to 80% of the soil bound in particles &gt;2000µm with only a small portion of the soil in particles 4 0 µm. Treatment of the soils with Na4P2O7 caused dispersion of most of the clay but did not disrupt larger aggregates. More disaggregation was caused by treatments with HCI (0.02 M and 0.1 M), indicating the presence of pyrophosphate-resistant binding mechanisms which were presumed to be due to Ca bridging. Addition of Ca to the soil reduced the efficiency of extraction of organic materials by NaOH. This effect was eliminated by a pretreatment with 1 M HCl, indicating a 'bridging' effect of Ca between polycarboxylic macromolecules (humic acids) and clays. The role of Ca in clay and organic matter flocculation, the bridging of clay aggregates to organic materials and interactions of these colloidal aggregates with the biologic cycle is illustrated in some pictorial models.
The role of different phenomena in surface‐activated chemical ionization (SACI) performance (2005)

In previous studies, the production of ions in an APCI source without any corona discharge was observed, and the intensity of the ion signals showed significant increases on placing a metallic surface at 45 degrees inside an orthogonal ion source. This method was named surface-activated chemical ionization (SACI). The present study was performed to investigate the mechanisms of ion production with or without the presence of the metallic surface, by varying instrumental parameters and the geometrical configuration. Approximate calculations show that, in the absence of corona discharge and of any additional surfaces, ions cannot be produced by collisional phenomena, because of their low kinetic energy, in the 10(-2) to 10(-3) eV range. Two alternative possibilities have been considered: the first takes into account that ions may originate by collision of neutral clusters of polar solvent molecules with the APCI source surfaces through clusterelectric effect. The second takes into account that the water dissociation constant k(w) is temperature dependent, passing from 10(-14.1669) at 20 degrees C to 10(-12.4318) at 90 degrees C. It means that the [H(+)] varies from 8.3 x 10(-8) to 6.1 x 10(-7) M going from 20 to 90 degrees C. Hence, at the high temperatures experimented in the APCI vaporizer, H(+) becomes available in solution in molar quantities analogous to those of analyte, and the protonation of the analyte itself can consequently occur. The activation of further ionization processes in the presence of the metallic surface can be reasonably attributed to interactions between gas-phase analyte molecules and solvent molecules adsorbed on the surface. Experiments performed with a thin layer of deuterated glycerol on the surface led to unequivocal results, i.e. the production of [M + D](+) ions of the analyte.
Current Issues and Problems in the Chemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond (1990)

Current issues and problems in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of diamond are those which relate to its characterization, its nucleation on foreign surfaces, the question of its formation in preference to the other phases of solid carbon (for example, graphite, chaoite, or lonsdaleite), why different morphologies and crystallographic orientations (textures) are seen in different experiments or with different parameters in the same experiment, and finally whether well-crystallized metastable phases can be obtained by CVD in other material systems or are only a peculiarity of carbon chemistry. Whether a given carbon coating is justly described as diamond has been such an issue, and coatings should clearly show evidence for diamond by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy before the claim of diamond is made. Experimental results have not been consistent in many cases, and much work remains to be done before an accurate assessment can be made of the technological impact of the development.
Crowd-ML: A library for privacy-preserving machine learning on smart devices (2017)

When user-generated data such as audio and video signals are used to train machine learning algorithms, users' privacy must be considered before the learned model is released. In this work, we present an open-source library for privacy-preserving machine learning framework on smart devices. The library allows Android and iOS devices to collectively learn a common classifier/regression model from distributed data with differential privacy, using a variant of minibatch stochastic gradient descent method. The library allows researchers and developers to easily implement and deploy customized tasks that use on-device sensors to collect sensitive data for machine learning.
Cloning and Characterization of a New Member of the Nudix Hydrolases from Human and Mouse (2000)

Proteins containing the Nudix box "GX(5)EX(7)REUXEEXGU" (where U is usually Leu, Val, or Ile) are Nudix hydrolases, which catalyze the hydrolysis of a variety of nucleoside diphosphate derivatives. Here we report cloning and characterization of a human cDNA encoding a novel nudix hydrolase NUDT5 for the hydrolysis of ADP-sugars. The deduced amino acid sequence of NUDT5 contains 219 amino acids, including a conserved Nudix box sequence. The recombinant NUDT5 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. At the optimal pH of 7, the purified recombinant NUDT5 catalyzed hydrolysis of two major substrates ADP-ribose and ADP-mannose with K(m) values of 32 and 83 microM, respectively; the V(max) for ADP-mannose was about 1.5 times that with ADP-ribose. The murine NUDT5 homolog was also cloned and characterized. mNudT5 has 81% amino acid identity to NUDT5 with catalytic activities similar to NUDT5 under the optimal pH of 9. Both NUDT5 and mNudT5 transcripts were ubiquitously expressed in tissues analyzed with preferential abundance in liver. The genomic structures of both NUDT5 and mNudT5 were determined and located on human chromosome 10 and mouse chromosome 2, respectively. The role of NUDT5 in maintaining levels of free ADP-ribose in cells is discussed.
Dynamically adaptive scrubbing mechanism for improved reliability in reconfigurable embedded systems (2015)

Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) reconfigurable devices have been recognized as one of the most suitable processing devices to be applied in satellites, since they can satisfy and combine their most important requirements, namely processing performance, reconfigurability and low cost. However, COTS reconfigurable devices, in particular Static-RAM Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), can be affected by cosmic radiation, compromising the overall satellite reliability. Scrubbing has been proposed as a mechanism to repair faults in configuration memory. However, the current scrubbing mechanisms are predominantly static and unable to adapt to run-time variations in applications. In this paper, a dynamically adaptive scrubbing mechanism is proposed. Through a window-based scrubbing scheduling, this mechanism adapts the scrubbing process to the reconfigurations and modifications on the FPGA user-design at runtime. Conducted simulation experiments show the feasibility and the efficiency of the proposed solution in terms of system reliability and memory overhead.
Tris(pyrazolyl)borate carbosilane dendrimers and metallodendrimers (2006)

A modified tris(pyrazolylborate) ligand has been prepared in two steps. First, reaction of triisopropylborate with allylmagnesium bromide and further treatment with benzoyl chloride gave CH(2) = CHCH(2)B(O(i)Pr), which was then reacted with potassium pyrazolate and pyrazole to give the compound K[CH(2) = CHCH(2)Bpz(3)]. The new allyl-containing scorpionate anion of acts as a bi- or tri-dentate ligand, as shown by the mononuclear complexes [CH(2) = CHCH(2)Bpz(3)M(LL)] (M = Rh, LL = nbd, ; LL = tfb, ; LL = (CO)(PPh(3)), ; M = Ir, LL = cod, ), obtained from reactions of the chlorido-bridged dinuclear complexes [{M(mu-Cl)(LL)}(2)] with 2. Furthermore, the borate represents a key material to achieve the attachment of tris(pyrazolyl)borate groups to the peripheries of carbosilane dendrimers. Thus, the platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions of compound with the dendritic cores Si[(CH(2))(3)SiMe(2)H](4) (G(0)-(SiH)(4)), (G(1)-(SiH)(8)), and (G(2)-(SiH)(16)) gave the corresponding borate-containing dendrimers Si[(CH(2))(3)SiMe(2)(CH(2))(3)B(O(i)Pr)(2)](4) (G(0)-B(4)), Si[(CH(2))(3)SiMe{(CH(2))(3)SiMe(2)(CH(2))(3)B(O(i)Pr)(2)}(2)](4) (G(1)-B(8)), and Si[(CH(2))(3)SiMe{(CH(2))(3)SiMe[(CH(2))(3)SiMe(2)(CH(2))(3)B(O(i)Pr)(2)](2)}(2)](4) (G(2)-B(16)) selectively in the anti-Markovnikov direction. Further reactions of G(0)-B(4), G(1)-B(8) and G(2)-B(16) with potassium pyrazolate and pyrazole rendered the corresponding polyanionic dendrimers K(4)[Si{(CH(2))(3)SiMe(2)(CH(2))(3)Bpz(3)}(4)] (G(0)-(Bpz(3))(4)), G(1)-(Bpz(3))(8), and G(2)-(Bpz(3))(16), respectively, which contain 4, 8, and 16 tris(pyrazolyl)borate groups symmetrically located around the dendritic peripheries. These unusual polyanionic dendrimers are excellent scaffolds to support metal centres, as shown by the reactions of G(0)-(Bpz(3))(4), G(1)-(Bpz(3))(8), and G(2)-(Bpz(3))(16) with [{Rh(mu-Cl)(nbd)}(2)] to give the neutral rhodadendrimers [Si{(CH(2))(3)SiMe(2)(CH(2))(3)Bpz(3)Rh(nbd)}(4)] G(0)-(Bpz(3)Rh)(4), G(1)-(Bpz(3)Rh)(8) and G(2)-(Bpz(3)Rh)(16) as stable solids in excellent yields. Following this protocol, mixed rhodium/iridium metallodendrimers can be prepared.
Low‐level increases in serum C‐reactive protein are present in early osteoarthritis of the knee and predict progressive disease (1997)

CRP levels are modestly but significantly increased in women with early knee OA, and higher levels predict those whose disease will progress over 4 years, suggesting that low-grade inflammation may be a significant aspect of early OA and may be amenable to therapeutic intervention and secondary prevention.
Color filter based on a two-dimensional submicrometer metal grating (2009)

A color filter incorporating a two-dimensional (2D) submicrometer metal grating is proposed. The device is designed by utilizing rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and consists of four parts: a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrate, a dielectric film of high refractive index, a submicrometer grating, and a dielectric overlay of low refractive index. Its performance is enhanced effectively by applying a dielectric film of high refractive index. With a dielectric film height of 30 nm, a grating depth of 70 nm, and an overlay height of zero, three different devices are designed with the following structural parameters: a period of 420 nm for the red, a period of 350 nm for the green, and a period of 260 nm for the blue. For the red filter, the center wavelength is 645 nm and the peak transmission is 72%; for the green one, the center wavelength is 546 nm and the peak transmission is 75%; and for the blue one, the center wavelength is 455 nm and the peak transmission is 71%. The calculated result shows that its peak transmission efficiency increased more than 14% compared to the previous color filters incorporating a grating.
A correction in the nucleotide sequence of the Tn903 kanamycin resistance determinant in pUC4K (1988)

Journal Article A correction in the nucleotide sequence of the Tn903 kanamycin resistance determinant in pUC4K Get access Laura A. Taylor, Laura A. Taylor Calgene Inc.1920 Fifth St., Davis, CA 95616, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ronald E. Rose Ronald E. Rose Calgene Inc.1920 Fifth St., Davis, CA 95616, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 1, 11 January 1988, Page 358, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.1.358 Published: 11 January 1988 Article history Accepted: 18 November 1987 Published: 11 January 1988
A NEW METHOD OF SCREENING GRANULAR MATERIALS (1965)

A NEW PRINCIPLE FOR SEPARATING PARTICLES OF DIFFERENT SIZES IS DESCRIBED. IN CONTRAST TO THE CONVENTIONAL CONCEPT OF SCREENING, THE MATERIALS IS ALLOWED TO FALL FREELY THROUGH A SYSTEM OF OSCILLATING AND SLOPING SCREENS ALL OF WHICH HAVE A MESH SIZE LARGER THAN THE BIGGEST PARTICLE TO BE TREATED. THE CAPACITY OF A MOGENSEN SIZER IS SUCH THAT A PARTICULAR SCREENING DUTY CAN BE MET WITH A MACHINE OCCUPYING LESS THAN ONE-TENTH OF THE FLOOR SPACE REQUIRED BY A CONVENTIONAL SCREEN. BLINDING OF THE MESH CANNOT OCCUR AND WEAR ON THE MESH IS RELATIVELY SMALL. NO DENSE LAYER OF PARTICLES IS FORMED OVER THE SCREENING SURFACE AND THEREFORE THERE IS NO INCLUSION OF FINE MATERIAL IN THE COARSE PRODUCT . SEPARATION BY THESE UNITS CAN BE VERY ACCURATE. /RRL/A/
105 kHz, 85 ps, 3 MW microchip laser fiber amplifier system for micro-machining applications (2008)

We report on a fiber amplified passively Q-switched microchip-laser delivering 85ps, 3MW pulses with 105kHz repetition rate. An all-optical synchronization technique reducing the mean pulse to pulse jitter of the microchip laser to 40ps is demonstrated for the first time. In comparison with existing setups at comparable average powers, the repetition rate is nearly on order of magnitude higher and the pulse duration is one order of magnitude shorter, making it a formidable micromachining source with high ablation rates.
Syngas Chemical Looping Process: Design and Construction of a 25 kW<sub>th</sub> Subpilot Unit (2012)

The syngas chemical looping (SCL) process employing the gas–solid counter-current flow pattern demonstrates an innovative approach to generate hydrogen and/or electricity from syngas accompanied with in situ carbon capture. Iron-based oxygen carriers donate oxygen for complete syngas conversion in the reducer. The reduced oxygen carriers are then oxidized by steam and/or air to generate hydrogen and/or heat in the oxidizer and/or the combustor, respectively. Previous studies have reported the performance of the iron-based oxygen carriers, the advantages of a moving bed reducer and oxidizer, and simulation of various parametric effects on the reactor design of the reducer, oxidizer, and combustor for a continuous system. In this study, a 25 kWth subpilot SCL unit was designed based on the simulated criteria and constructed to demonstrate the feasibility of generating high purity hydrogen with in situ carbon capture. Two test runs were presented using 4.5 mm × 2.5–4.5 mm cylindrical oxygen carriers comprising of 60 wt % iron oxide (Fe2O3). The first test resulted in a syngas conversion of 99.96% and trace amounts of hydrogen generation highlighting the importance of the extent of oxygen carrier conversion. The second test demonstrated the continuous production of hydrogen with an average purity of 94.4% and a maximum of 98.4% when the conversion of the oxygen carriers exiting the reducer was 35.54%. The initial test results support the concept of continuous hydrogen generation with in situ carbon capture using the SCL process and also highlight the advantage of adopting the counter-current moving bed reactor design.
NOTE ON THE PYROLYSIS OF METHYL AND ETHYL CYANIDES (1942)

The products of pyrolysis of methyl and ethyl cyanides at 865° and 675 °C. respectively have been determined at each of two flow rates. From methyl cyanide were obtained hydrogen, methane, hydrogen cyanide, and carbon. Small amounts of "C 2 " hydrocarbons and high boiling materials were also formed. The results indicate that hydrogen cyanide is a primary product.Ethyl cyanide yielded hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, hydrogen cyanide, methyl cyanide, acrylonitrile, and carbon, together with small amounts of succinonitrile and higher boiling materials. The reaction is obviously complicated by secondary changes.
Nonfunctionalized Nanocrystals Can Exploit a Cell's Active Transport Machinery Delivering Them to Specific Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Compartments (2007)

We use high content cell analysis, live cell fluorescent imaging, and transmission electron microscopy approaches combined with inhibitors of cellular transport and nuclear import to conduct a systematic study of the mechanism of interaction of nonfunctionalized quantum dots (QDs) with live human blood monocyte-derived primary macrophages and cell lines of phagocytic, epithelial, and endothelial nature. Live human macrophages are shown to be able to rapidly uptake and accumulate QDs in distinct cellular compartment specifically to QDs size and charge. We show that the smallest QDs specifically target histones in cell nuclei and nucleoli by a multistep process involving endocytosis, active cytoplasmic transport, and entering the nucleus via nuclear pore complexes. Treatment of the cells with an anti-microtubule agent nocodazole precludes QDs cytoplasmic transport whereas a nuclear import inhibitor thapsigargin blocks QD import into the nucleus. These results demonstrate that the nonfunctionalized QDs exploit the cell's active transport machineries for delivery to specific intranuclear destinations.
Minimum distortion power polynomial model (MDP-PM) of nonlinear power amplifiers and its application on analog predistorters (2003)

With the increasing demands of power efficiency and linearity on power amplifiers (PAs), there are more and more demands for some new and easy modeling methods of PA nonlinearities. One direction of these trends is to get better polynomial models which are extensively used in the design of analog predistorters (PDs) to combat nonlinearity and in the estimation of the intermodulation products for PAs. Because of the difficulty in modeling a PA and for ease of comparison, most of the polynomial models reported in the literature are based on a simple TWTA model (Saleh's (1981) model) instead on actual PA devices. In this paper, we propose a method for obtaining a general order polynomial model from an existing model such as Saleh's model, or from the input-output statistical characteristics of a PA device. We also obtain the analytical representation of its coefficients. The method is based on minimizing the power of the distortion between the output of a PA and the output of the model based on it. Thus the model is named the minimum distortion power polynomial model (MDP-PM). We have obtained the coefficients of the proposed MDP-PMs up to order 7 based on Saleh's model to illustrate our results. Then, we show the application of this model in analog PD designs, whereas the resulted PD devices outperform those given in the literature by 0.8 dB for order 3 and by 0.2 dB for order 5.
Defects in m-plane ZnO epitaxial films grown on (112) LaAlO3 substrate (2011)

The crystallographic orientations of m-plane ZnO on (112) LaAlO3 (LAO) substrate are [1¯21¯0]ZnO∥[111¯]LAO and [0001]ZnO∥[1¯10]LAO. The defects in m-plane ZnO have been systematically investigated using cross section and plan-view transmission electron microscopy (TEM). High-resolution TEM observations in cross section show misfit dislocations and basal stacking faults (BSFs) at the ZnO/LAO interface. In the films, threading dislocations (TDs) with 1/3⟨112¯0⟩ Burgers vectors are distributed on the basal plane, and BSFs have 1/6⟨202¯3⟩ displacement vector. The densities of dislocations and BSFs are estimated to be 5.1×1010 cm−2 and 4.3×105 cm−1, respectively. In addition to TDs and BSFs, plan-view TEM examination also reveals that stacking mismatch boundaries mainly lie along the m-planes and they connect with planar defect segments along the r-planes.
Synthesis of alky gallate by tannase immobilized in microemulsion-based-gels. (2009)

Alky gallate is a kind of antioxidant and possesses patient therapy value. However,it was synthesized by chemical method,which has defects of serious circumstance containment and low productivity. To avoid these defects,the method of biosynthesis for alky gallates was established using microemulsion-based-gels(MBGs) and gallic acid was esterificated catalytically with different alcohols by tannase immobilized in microemulsion-based gels,from which propyl gallate (PG),butyl gallate (BG) and amyl gallate (AG) were successfully synthesized. Salt-salt hydrate (Na2 SO4-Na2 SO4 · 10H2 O) could control and regulate water activity effectively,the ability was related to amount of salt-salt hydrate. The conversion of gallic acid was improved significantly when salt-salt hydrate was added into reaction system. The conversion of gallic acid reached 78.2 % and 85 % respectively when pH value was 6 and amount of Na2 SO4-Na2 SO4 · 10H2 O(ratio 1 ∶ 1) was 1.8 g under the temperature of 28 ℃ in MBGs reaction systems for PG synthesis and BG synthesis,compared to the control,increasing by 93.0 % and 129.7 %,respectively. The conversion of gallic acid reached 72.4 % when pH value was 6 and amount of Na2 SO4-Na2 SO4 · 10H2 O(ratio 1 ∶ 1)was 2.4 g under the temperature of 28 ℃ in MBGs reaction system for AG synthesis,compared to the control,increasing by 103.7 %.
Chemerin regulation and role in host defense. (2014)

Chemerin is a widely distributed multifunctional secreted protein implicated in immune cell migration, adipogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, angiogenesis, myogenesis, and glucose homeostasis. Chemerin message is regulated by nuclear receptor agonists, metabolic signaling proteins and intermediates, and proinflammatory cytokines. Following translation chemerin is secreted as an inactive pro-protein, and its secretion can be regulated depending on cell type. Chemerin bioactivity is largely dependent on carboxyl-terminal proteolytic processing and removal of inhibitory residues. Chemerin is abundant in human epidermis where it is well-placed to provide barrier protection. In host defense, chemerin plays dual roles as a broad spectrum antimicrobial protein and as a leukocyte attractant for macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells. Here we review the mechanisms underlying chemerin regulation and its function in host defense.
SINR Based Vertical Handoff Scheme for QoS in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2009)

Next generation wireless network is envisioned as a convergence of different wireless access technologies providing the user enhanced connection any where any time to improve the systems resource utilization. In such converged systems, co-existence of heterogeneous access technologies with largely different characteristics like data rate for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), wireless local area network (WLAN) results in handoff asymmetry that differs from the traditional intra-network handoff (horizontal handoff). Thus handoff between different access technologies (vertical handoff) is essential and remains a challenging issue. The vertical handoff (VHO) algorithm must be quality of service (QoS) aware. Conventionally, handoff analysis is performed using well known vertical handoff metric, received signal strength (RSS). In this paper, a more appropriate handoff parameter, signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) is used to assess the system performance in terms of dropping probabilities in addition to throughput. Simulation results prove that the proposed SINR based vertical handoff scheme offers enhanced system throughput and relatively low dropping probabilities when compared to the existing RSS based handoff scheme.
THE INFLUENCE OF TERNARY ADDITIONS ON THE TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURES OF NiTi SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS - A THEORETICAL APPROACH (1991)

A newly developed model, predicting the transformation temperatures of NiTi-based ternary alloys as a function of composition, is shortly described. The model is discussed with respect to the class of alloy systems it is applicable to.