gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of thickness-shear mode in adaptive sandwich structures (1995)

A new adaptive sandwich structure is constructed using the shear mode of piezoelectric materials. A comparative study of the sandwich structure and the corresponding surface-mounted actuation structure is performed using finite-element analysis. The effects of actuator length and location on actuation performance of the structures are studied. The stress distributions under mechanical and electrical loads are investigated for both the sandwich beam and the surface-mounted actuation beam. It is shown that the stress level within the actuators is more severe for the surface-mounted actuation beam than for the sandwich. Also, the interface-stress distribution between actuator and host structure is analysed. It is shown that sandwich construction offers many advantages over conventional surface-mounted actuation constructions.
High precision metrology of domes and aspheric optics (2005)

Many defense systems have a critical need for high-precision, complex optics. However, fabrication of high quality, advanced optics is often seriously hampered by the lack of accurate and affordable metrology. QED's Subaperture Stitching Interferometer (SSI<sup>®</sup>) provides a breakthrough technology, enabling the automatic capture of precise metrology data for large and/or strongly curved (concave and convex) parts. QED’s SSI complements next-generation finishing technologies, such as Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF<sup>®</sup>), by extending the effective aperture, accuracy and dynamic range of a phase-shifting interferometer. This workstation performs automated sub-aperture stitching measurements of spheres, flats, and mild aspheres. It combines a six-axis precision stage system, a commercial Fizeau interferometer, and specially developed software that automates measurement design, data acquisition, and the reconstruction of the full-aperture figure error map. Aside from the correction of sub-aperture placement errors (such as tilts, optical power, and registration effects), our software also accounts for reference-wave error, distortion and other aberrations in the interferometer’s imaging optics. The SSI can automatically measure the full aperture of high numerical aperture surfaces (such as domes) to interferometric accuracy. The SSI extends the usability of a phase measuring interferometer and allows users with minimal training to produce full-aperture measurements of otherwise untestable parts. Work continues to extend this technology to measure aspheric shapes without the use of dedicated null optics. This SSI technology will be described, sample measurement results shown, and various manufacturing applications discussed.
Heterogeneity in non‐epitope loop sequence and outer membrane protein complexes alters antibody binding to the major porin protein PorB in serogroup B <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> (2017)

Summary PorB is a well‐characterized outer membrane protein that is common among Neisseria species and is required for survival. A vaccine candidate, PorB induces antibody responses that are directed against six variable surface‐exposed loops that differ in sequence depending on serotype. Although Neisseria meningitidis is naturally competent and porB genetic mosaicism provides evidence for strong positive selection, the sequences of PorB serotypes commonly associated with invasive disease are often conserved, calling into question the interaction of specific PorB loop sequences in immune engagement. In this report, we provide evidence that antibody binding to a PorB epitope can be altered by sequence mutations in non‐epitope loops. Through the construction of hybrid PorB types and PorB molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that loops both adjacent and non‐adjacent to the epitope loop can enhance or diminish antibody binding, a phenotype that correlates with serum bactericidal activity. We further examine the interaction of PorB with outer membrane‐associated proteins, including PorA and RmpM. Deletion of these proteins alters the composition of PorB‐containing native complexes and reduces antibody binding and serum killing relative to the parental strain, suggesting that both intramolecular and intermolecular PorB interactions contribute to host adaptive immune evasion.
Software-based dynamic reliability management for GPU applications (2016)

In this paper we propose a framework for dynamic reliability management (DRM) for GPU applications based on the idea of plug-n-play software-based reliability enhancement (SRE). The approach entails first assessing the vulnerability of GPU kernels to soft errors in program visible structures. This assessment is performed on a low level intermediate program representation rather than the application source. Second, this assessment guides selective injection of code implementing SRE techniques to protect the most vulnerable data. Code injection occurs transparently at runtime using a just-in-time (JIT) compiler. Thus, reliability enhancement is selective, transparent, on-demand, and customizable. This flexible, automated software-based DRM framework can provide an adaptable, cost-effective approach to scaling reliability of large systems. We present the results of a proof of concept implementation on NVIDIA GPUs demonstrating the ability to traverse a range of performance reliability tradeoffs.
Modeling and analysis of substrate coupling in integrated circuits (2002)

A technique is presented for efficient calculation of substrate macromodels, which can be used to determine substrate coupling in integrated circuits. Examples of the technique applied to several test structures are presented.
On-the-Fly Fluorescence Lifetime Determination with Total Emission Detection in HPLC (1997)

The entire fluorescence decay profile during HPLC elution has been directly measured on-the-fly in HPLC at higher sensitivity than in previous literature reports. The fluorescence is excited with the fourth harmonic (266 nm) of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser system and detected broadband with a photomultiplier tube and a digital storage oscilloscope. Detection limits in the range 1-10 ppb are found for several individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) when the total time-integrated fluorescence is analyzed. The chromatograms of PAH mixtures containing 8-10 species were lifetime analyzed with a simple phase plane analysis, in which a single lifetime is determined from the fluorescence decay profile for each point on the chromatogram. The determination of lifetimes under coelution conditions is also illustrated and discussed.
Estrogen suppresses activation but enhances formation phase of osteogenic response to mechanical stimulation in rat bone. (1996)

We used a model whereby mechanical stimulation induces bone formation in rat caudal vertebrae, to test the effect of estrogen on this osteogenic response. Unexpectedly, estrogen administered daily throughout the experiments (8-11 d) suppressed, and ovariectomy enhanced, mechanically induced osteogenesis. Osteogenesis was unaffected by the resorption-inhibitor pamidronate, suggesting that the suppression of bone formation caused by estrogen was not due to suppression of resorption. We found that estrogen did not significantly reduce the proportion of osteocytes that were induced by mechanical stimulation to express c-fos and IGF-I mRNA; and estrogen suppressed mechanically induced osteogenesis whether administration was started 24 h before or 24 h after loading. This suggests that estrogen acts primarily not on the strain-sensing mechanism itself, but on the osteogenic response to signals generated by strain-sensitive cells. We also found that when estrogen administration was started 3 d after mechanical stimulation, by which time osteogenesis is established, estrogen augmented the osteogenic response. This data is consistent with in vitro evidence for estrogen responsiveness in two phenotypically distinct bone cell types: stromal cells, whose functional activities are suppressed, and osteoblasts, which are stimulated, by estrogen.
The Overexpression of FEN1 and RAD54B May Act as Independent Prognostic Factors of Lung Adenocarcinoma (2015)

Synthetic lethality arises when a combination of mutations in two or more genes leads to cell death. However, the prognostic role of concordant overexpression of synthetic lethality genes in protein level rather than a combination of mutations is not clear. In this study, we explore the prognostic role of combined overexpression of paired genes in lung adenocarcinoma. We used immunohistochemical staining to investigate 24 paired genes in 93 lung adenocarcinoma patients and Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate their prognostic roles. Among 24 paired genes, only FEN1 (Flap endonuclease 1) and RAD54B (RAD54 homolog B) were overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma patients with poor prognosis. Patients with expression of both FEN1 and RAD54B were prone to have advanced nodal involvement and significantly poor prognosis (HR = 2.35, P = 0.0230). These results suggest that intensive follow up and targeted therapy might improve clinical outcome for patients who show expression of both FEN1 and RAD54B.
CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression and B cell function in agammaglobulinemia with normal or elevated levels of IgM (HIM). Comparison of X-linked, autosomal recessive, and non-X-linked forms of the disease, and obligate carriers. (1994)

Hyper-IgM syndrome is a rare immunodeficiency characterized by low or absent IgG, IgA, and IgE with normal or elevated levels of IgM. It can occur as an acquired or familial disorder with either X-linked or autosomal modes of inheritance. The X-linked form (HIGM1) is a result of mutations in the CD40 ligand (CD40L) gene, but the defect in non-X-linked forms of the disease (HIM) has not been determined. We show here that CD40L expression on activated T cells from non-X-linked patients can be detected by CD40Fc, 5c8 Mab, and anti-TRAP, whereas activated T cells from HIGM1 patients either had no detectable CD40L (Type I), or stained with anti-TRAP but not CD40Fc or 5c8 (Type II). Activated T cells from obligate carriers varied from low to normal expression of CD40L. B cells from HIGM1 and non-X-linked HIM patients proliferated in response to CD40L. Costimulation of B cells from HIGM1, from sporadic HIM, or from non-X-linked HIM patients with CD40L plus IL-2 resulted in some IgM production, but no significant IgG or IgA. Costimulation with CD40L plus IL-10 resulted in significant IgG and/or IgA secretion by B cells from some HIGM1 patients, but consistently failed to stimulate IgG or IgA secretion by B cells from non-X-linked patients. In addition, costimulation with CD40L and IL-4 failed to induce IgE secretion by B cells from one non-X-linked HIM patient, and induced a weak response in another. These results suggest that patients with non-X-linked forms of HIM may have an intrinsic B cell defect preventing heavy chain switching, which is not related to expression of CD40L.
Predictors of Survival From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (2009)

Overall survival from OHCA has been stable for almost 30 years, as have the strong associations between key predictors and survival. Because most OHCA events are witnessed, efforts to improve survival should focus on prompt delivery of interventions of known effectiveness by those who witness the event.
Studies on the Longevity of Pollen Grains of Rice, <i>Oriza sativa</i> L (1971)

1. Conspicuous morphological change was observed in rice pollen grains when they were left in the air after shedding.2. Within a few minutes, a lot of vacuoles appeared around each pollen grain. Inclusion of the vacuoles was exuded from inside of pollen grains, but chemical analysis has not been carried out in the present study.3. However, a rapid alteration in the physiological condition might have occurred to result in a decrease of germinability of pollen grains. And in part, this has been proved by TTC test.4. Above described transformation of the pollen grains was characteristically occurred when they were shed sparsely on the slide glass. But when they were scattered densely, there were also observed a few pollen grains which kept the viability for longer time.5. It was concluded that the rice pollen grains rapidly lost their viability by losing inner substances when they were left in the drought condition in the air. Further study on the physiological and metabolic disturbances in the course of losing viability, will throw light on the problem of longevity in rice pollen grains.
Preliminary communication Bi-mesogenic organosiloxane liquid crystal materials exhibiting antiferroelectric phases (1997)

The first antiferroelectric low molar mass organosiloxane liquid crystal materials are presented. The molecules are bi-mesogens consisting of two chiral mesogenic units attached, via methylene spacers, symmetrically to a siloxane group. Three series of compounds with different laterally substituted halogens on the phenyl ring nearest to the chiral centre have been studied. For siloxane groups containing three silicon atoms all of the materials exhibit antiferroelectric phases over a 60 C temperature range. The tilt angle in the SmC* A is, within experimental uncertainties, independent of temperature and close to 45 degrees for the three series with a spontaneous polarization greater than 110nC cm -2.
Perceptron based learning with example dependent and noisy costs (2003)

Learning algorithms from the fields of artificial neural networks and machine learning, typically, do not take any costs into account or allow only costs depending on the classes of the examples that are used for learning. As an extension of class dependent costs, we consider costs that are example, i.e. feature and class dependent. We derive a costsensitive perceptron learning rule for nonseparable classes, that can be extended to multi-modal classes (DIPOL). We also derive aa approach for including example dependent costs into an arbitrary cost-insensitive learning algorithm by sampling according to roodified probability distributions. 1.
Insulin therapy in pregnancy (2018)

The morbidity and subsequent development of the infant of the diabetic mother is associated with hyperglycemia. Therefore, the goal of insulin therapy is to achieve and maintain normoglycemia before, during, and after all pregnancies complicated by diabetes. The fetal demise associated with pregnancy complicated by type 1 diabetes seems to arise from glucose extremes. Although controversial, the rate of complications in pregnancies of diabetic women has been tied to the metabolic control of maternal glucose. Perhaps the debate remains because some reports claim that neonatal complications occur in spite of excellent metabolic control, although they fail to measure postprandial glucose levels. Anti-insulin antibodies that cross the placenta may contribute to hyperinsulinemia in utero and thus potentiate the metabolic aberrations in the fetus. There are three situations in life in which rapid normalization of blood glucose levels increase the risk for deterioration of diabetic retinopathy: puberty, pregnancy, and rapid normalization of blood glucose levels.
Growth and characterization of InP epilayers on ZnSehen;coated Si substrates by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (1988)

Heteroepitaxial growth of InP on ZnSe-coated Si substrates by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy is reported for the first time. Single-crystal InP epilayers with specular surfaces can be obtained. The ZnSe buffer layer, which is evaporated onto the Si substrate in another furnace, is effective in reducing the magnitude of strain in the InP layer. The best room-temperature electron mobility of the undoped InP epilayer can reach 3100 cm2 /(V s) with a carrier concentration of 1.5×1015 cm−3 . It was found that the InP electron mobility is critically dependent on the ZnSe buffer-layer thickness. The efficient photoluminescence compared with that of InP homoepitaxy indicates that the InP heteroepilayer is of high optical quality.
Organization of the gene encoding the human Kell blood group protein [published erratum appears in Blood 1996 Jun 1;87(11):4922] (1995)

Kell is one of the major blood group systems in human erythrocytes. It is a complex system containing a large number of different antigens. Previously we cloned the Kell cDNA, which was predicted to encode an integral membrane protein with 731 amino acids. Now we have isolated overlapping genomic clones and determined the exon-intron structure of the KEL gene; it spans approximately 21.5 kb with its coding sequence being organized in 19 exons that range in size from 63 bp to 288 bp. The size of introns ranges from 93 bp to approximately 6 kb. The donor and acceptor splice sites all conform to the consensus splicing sequences. Exon 1 encodes only the initiation amino acid, methionine, and contains a consensus Sp1 binding site. The single membrane spanning region of Kell protein is encoded in exon 3 and the putative zinc endopeptidase active site is in exon 16. The amino acids encoded by the 19 exons are identical to those of a person with a common Kell phenotype, as determined by RNA polymerase chain reaction of peripheral blood. Amplification of cDNA 5' ends, derived from human fetal liver, indicated three transcription initiation sites located 30, 81, and 120 bp upstream of the initiation codon. The 5' flanking region of KEL from -176 does not contain a TATA sequence, but has possible GATA-1 binding sites and has significant promoter activity when determined by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in K562 cells.
Pulmonary hypertension in COPD (2008)

Mild-to-moderate pulmonary hypertension is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); such a complication is associated with increased risks of exacerbation and decreased survival. Pulmonary hypertension usually worsens during exercise, sleep and exacerbation. Pulmonary vascular remodelling in COPD is the main cause of increase in pulmonary artery pressure and is thought to result from the combined effects of hypoxia, inflammation and loss of capillaries in severe emphysema. A small proportion of COPD patients may present with "out-of-proportion" pulmonary hypertension, defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure >35-40 mmHg (normal is no more than 20 mmHg) and a relatively preserved lung function (with low to normal arterial carbon dioxide tension) that cannot explain prominent dyspnoea and fatigue. The prevalence of out-of-proportion pulmonary hypertension in COPD is estimated to be very close to the prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cor pulmonale, defined as right ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation secondary to pulmonary hypertension caused by respiratory disorders, is common. More studies are needed to define the contribution of cor pulmonale to decreased exercise capacity in COPD. These studies should include improved imaging techniques and biomarkers, such as the B-type natriuretic peptide and exercise testing protocols with gas exchange measurements. The effects of drugs used in pulmonary arterial hypertension should be tested in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. In the meantime, the treatment of cor pulmonale in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease continues to rest on supplemental oxygen and a variety of measures aimed at the relief of airway obstruction.
Dependently typed programming with singletons (2012)

Haskell programmers have been experimenting with dependent types for at least a decade, using clever encodings that push the limits of the Haskell type system. However, the cleverness of these encodings is also their main drawback. Although the ideas are inspired by dependently typed programs, the code looks significantly different. As a result, GHC implementors have responded with extensions to Haskell's type system, such as GADTs, type families, and datatype promotion. However, there remains a significant difference between programming in Haskell and in full-spectrum dependently typed languages. Haskell enforces a phase separation between runtime values and compile-time types. Therefore, singleton types are necessary to express the dependency between values and types. These singleton types introduce overhead and redundancy for the programmer.
Micro‐ and macroheterogeneity of <i>N</i>‐glycosylation yields size and charge isoforms of human sex hormone binding globulin circulating in serum (2012)

Human sex hormone binding globulin (hSHBG) is a serum glycoprotein central to the transport and targeted delivery of sex hormones to steroid-sensitive tissues. Several molecular mechanisms of action of hSHBG, including the function of its attached glycans remain unknown. Here, we perform a detailed site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation of serum-derived hSHBG. MS-driven glycoproteomics and glycomics combined with exoglycosidase treatment were used in a bottom-up and top-down manner to determine glycosylation sites, site-specific occupancies and monosaccharide compositions, detailed glycan structures, and the higher level arrangement of glycans on intact hSHBG. It was found that serum-derived hSHBG is N-glycosylated at Asn(351) and Asn(367) with average molar occupancies of 85.1 and 95.3%, respectively. Both sites are occupied by the same six sialylated and partly core fucosylated bi- and triantennary N-Glycoforms with lactosamine-type antennas of the form (±NeuAcα6)Galβ4GlcNAc. N-Glycoforms of Asn(367) were slightly more branched and core fucosylated than Asn(351) N-glycoforms due probably to a more surface-exposed glycosylation site. The N-terminal Thr(7) was fully occupied by the two O-linked glycans NeuAcα3Galβ3(NeuAcα6)GalNAc (where NeuAc is N-acetylneuraminic acid and GalNAc is N-acetylgalactosamine) and NeuAcα3Galβ3GalNAc in a 1:6 molar ratio. Electrophoretic analysis of intact hSHBG revealed size and charge heterogeneity of the isoforms circulating in blood serum. Interestingly, the size and charge heterogeneity were shown to originate predominantly from differential Asn(351) glycan occupancies and N-glycan sialylation that may modulate the hSHBG activity. To date, this work represents the most detailed structural map of the heterogeneous hSHBG glycosylation, which is a prerequisite for investigating the functional aspects of the hSHBG glycans.
LPS Induces the Degradation of Programmed Cell Death Protein 4 (PDCD4) to Release Twist2, Activating c-Maf Transcription to Promote Interleukin-10 Production (2014)

Programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) is a tumor suppressor and has also been shown to suppress production of the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10. The precise role of PDCD4 in IL-10 induction in macrophages is still not fully understood. Incubation of macrophages with inhibitors of PI3K and mTOR blocked LPS-stimulated PDCD4 degradation and expression of c-Maf and IL-10 production. PDCD4 and the transcription factor Twist2 were shown to form a complex in untreated cells. LPS disrupted the complex allowing Twist2 to bind to the c-Maf promoter. PI3K and mTOR inhibitors prevented this disruption by stabilizing PDCD4 and thereby decreased Twist2 binding to the c-Maf promoter and induction of c-Maf mRNA. These results indicate a regulatory role for PDCD4 and Twist2 in LPS-induced IL-10 production in macrophages. LPS promotes PDCD4 degradation via a pathway involving PI3K and mTOR, releasing Twist2, which induces IL-10 via c-Maf.