gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Petrology and Upward Zonation of the Wooley Creek Batholith, Klamath Mountains, California (1983)

The Wooley Creek batholith was intruded into metamorphic rocks of the western Paleozoic and Triassic belt of the Klamath Mountains 162 ± 2 m.y. ago. The batholith crosscut a thrust fault between the lowest subunit of the western Paleozoic and Triassic belt, the Rattlesnake Creek terrane and overlying Hayfork terrane metasediments. The batholith and its host rocks were subsequently thrust over low-density rocks of the Galice Formation and then tilted toward the southwest, presumably by regional doming. Metamorphic mineral assemblages of the contact aureole suggest that the pluton was tilted at least 20° to 30°. The Wooley Creek batholith is gradationally zoned from two-pyroxene gabbro in the deepest exposed portion to hornblende–biotite granite at shallowest levels. The plutonic rocks display two distinct chemical trends that correspond to rocks that contain pyroxene and rocks with only hornblende and biotite as mafic minerals. Pyroxene-bearing rocks are structurally lower and are enriched in Mg, Ca, Cr, Ni, Co, and Sc relative to pyroxene-free rocks that occupy the structurally higher levels and are enriched in Al, Na, K, Sr, Zr, and Rb. The two chemical trends can be explained by (1) two coexisting magmas in a single chamber, or (2) crystallization under a vertical aH2O gradient. The second hypothesis is examined in detail in this report. Major-element modelling suggests that the trends can be explained by crystal fractionation of a single parent that became successively enriched in H2O in the highest levels of the pluton. Upward H2O-enrichment led to plagioclase stability at lower temperature and consequent enrichment of the magma in Al and alkalies. Trace element abundances show that minor accumulation of clinopyroxene, olivine, and chromian spinel affected the lower part of the pluton and that minor influxes of basaltic magma affected the upper, H2O-enriched part of the pluton. These basaltic magmas were trapped in the interface between the lower, dense, H2O-poor magma and the upper, H2O-enriched magma. As these basaltic liquids cooled and crystallized, they mingled with the H2O-rich magma of the pluton.
Evaluation of compensatory torsion by blind spot mapping (1996)

Blind spot mapping is a non contact and relatively simple method to evaluate rotation of the eye in response to head tilt. Any displacement of the blind spot during head tilt indicates the concurrent rotation of the eye, ie that which has not been compensated by a torsional movement. This method was used to evaluate the extent of intorsion and extorsion induced by head rotation from 0 degrees to 30 degrees in 22 normal subjects. Results confirm previous studies that full compensation to head tilt does not occur, even at small degrees of head tilt. The mean responses of compensatory intorsion ranged from 32% to 41% and those of compensatory extorsion from 20% to 25%. This difference between intorsion and extorsion (ie, a more effective intorsion response) was statistically significant (p<0.00001) at each position of head tilt. This unequal response must be accompanied by a sensory and/or motor cyclofusion to prevent torsional diplopia from occurring. Although these results do not directly contradict the theoretical basis of the Head Tilt Test, they do suggest that a negative or inconclusive result may be due to poor cyclotorsion. (author abstract)
Structure of Dual Function Iron Regulatory Protein 1 Complexed with Ferritin IRE-RNA (2006)

Iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) binds iron-responsive elements (IREs) in messenger RNAs (mRNAs), to repress translation or degradation, or binds an iron-sulfur cluster, to become a cytosolic aconitase enzyme. The 2.8 angstrom resolution crystal structure of the IRP1:ferritin H IRE complex shows an open protein conformation compared with that of cytosolic aconitase. The extended, L-shaped IRP1 molecule embraces the IRE stem-loop through interactions at two sites separated by approximately 30 angstroms, each involving about a dozen protein:RNA bonds. Extensive conformational changes related to binding the IRE or an iron-sulfur cluster explain the alternate functions of IRP1 as an mRNA regulator or enzyme.
Biological Properties of Dodeca(Thymidine Phosphates) Containing 5-(<i>O</i>-Carboran-1-Yl)-2″-Deoxyuridine (1996)

Abstract 5-(o-Carboran-1-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine containing dodecathymidylic acids (2-7) manifested increased lipophilicity, resistance to digestion by calf spleen phosphodiesterase, and snake venom phosphodiesterase. They were substrates for T4 polynucleotide kinase, primers for E. coli polymerase I, human α DNA polymerase, and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. They also form heteroduplexes that are substrates for E. coli RNase H.
A Study of Distributional Shape in Life Testing (1977)

Exponential, Weibull, gamma and log-normal models are frequently used in the analysis of failure time data. By extending the generalized gamma model of Stacy [l5]. Prentice [13] showed that the models listed are all embraced by a single parametric family. Likelihood methods were described for discrimination among the special cases and for assessment of each within the more comprehensive framework. Here, such methods are applied to several recent data sets from the industrial and medical literature in order to study distributional shape. New results are given for the accommodation of censoring and regression variables. The appropriateness of Weibull and lognormal models is emphasized.
Effects of Dietary Cholesterol on Hepatic Production of Lipids and Lipoproteins in Isolated Hamster Liver (1996)

The effect of 2-week 2% cholesterol vs. chow feeding on regulation of hepatic lipoprotein, lipids and apoprotein (Apo), and biliary lipids production was evaluated by the isolated perfused hamster liver model. Cholesterol feeding did not change very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle size but significantly increased the hepatic production of VLDL-cholesterol fourfold, VLDL-triglyceride two and one-half-fold but not phospholipid in VLDL. It also increased LDL-cholesterol fourfold but not triglyceride or phospholipid in LDL, whereas lipids in HDL remained unchanged. Gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophesis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis (density of apoprotein/density of albumin/g liver) indicated that cholesterol feeding enhanced Apo B tenfold, Apo A-I fivefold but not Apo E in VLDL. Apo E and Apo B did not change in LDL. Apo E but not Apo A-I increased (threefold) in HDL by cholesterol feeding. Cholesterol feeding decreased bile salt secretion 28% but increased cholesterol secretion 118% in bile, whereas phospholipid and bile volume remained unchanged. Increased Apo A-I in VLDL suggested that Apo A-I is involved in enhanced hepatic export of cholesterol and triglyceride. Different patterns of lipid and Apos in VLDL and LDL after cholesterol feeding also suggested separate VLDL and LDL export mechanisms. Elevated Apo E but not lipids in HDL after cholesterol feeding suggests that hepatic HDL may function as a carrier of newly synthesized hepatic Apo E into the circulation for transfer to other lipoproteins (chylomicron [CM], CMr) to facilitate hepatic cholesterol uptake and clearance.
Research Advances in Detection Methods of Herbicide Paraquat (2014)

This paper summarized the main detection methods of paraquat,including the instrumental analysis like HPLC,GC,LC-MS / MS,and so on. The research prospects of paraquat detection were also put forward.
A Comprehensive Pharmacologic-Psychosocial Treatment Program for HIV-Seropositive Cocaine- and Opioid-Dependent Patients (1998)

HIV-seropositive opioid-dependent patients maintained on an opiate-agonist who continue to use cocaine and to engage in other high-risk behaviors may benefit from enhanced treatment services; however, there is currently little data to guide the formulation of such services. We report on a preliminary study in which six HIV-seropositive opioid-and cocaine-dependent patients were provided a 12-week comprehensive pharmacologic/psychosocial treatment program developed specifically to meet the treatment needs of HIV-seropositive drug users. This program was comprised of buprenorphine (12 mg/day), bupropion (150 mg/day), and twice weekly manual-guided group therapy. Results showed significant decreases in intravenous cocaine use, cocaine craving, and symptoms of depression. A post-hoc comparison to outcomes of eight HIV-seropositive patients receiving standard methadone-maintenance found no improvements for patients receiving standard care. Controlled investigation of enhanced drug treatment programs for HIV-seropositive patients may be warranted.
[Subgroups of drug abuse patients who consume buprenorphine]. (1991)

We assessed the buprenorphine use in a sample of studied 184 patients with DSM III-R diagnostic criteria for opioid dependence who attended the Sta. Eulalia's CAS (outpatients facility) during 18 months period The lifetime prevalence of buprenorphine was 79% (43.5% of them were occasional users and 35.5% habitual; whereas the point prevalence was 16.8% (6.5% occasional users and 10.3% habitual). We compared the clinical characteristics of this patients, those who use the drug habitually and those who take it occasionally. The first group showed a longer time of opioid abuse (p less than 0.05) and they were more involved in drug traffic (p less than 0.001), mostly buprenorphine. These patients may present higher levels of clinical severity and social conflicts. Anyway they are usually polydrug users who consume more frequently flurnitracempan, cocaine, heroine, alcohol and cannabis (p less than 0.001). The usual ways of obtaining the buprenorphine are illegal traffic and GP's prescription in the Public health care facilities often by menace and intimidation. For consuming buprenorphine the abusers crush the pill, dilute it and them inject the solution i.v. The subgroup of patients who use buprenorphine occasionally only take in when don't have heroine and clinically they are not so deteriorated.
Approaches to Drug Discovery (1964)

THE history of early drug discovery is essentially that of a random search for therapeutic agents from plants, animals and naturally occurring minerals. The medicine men and priests of many tribes and faiths tried out such natural materials, or aqueous or alcoholic extracts prepared from them, and by trial and error, over the centuries, established a materia medica that was transmitted from one generation to another with only relatively minor alterations.1 The botanical drugs and the preparations from animal tissues and some inorganic materials, used before the nineteenth century, represented a motley array of more or less toxic mixtures that . . .
A Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Social Responsiveness in Multiplex Autism Families (2007)

This study demonstrates the utility of the Social Responsiveness Scale quantitative endophenotype to detect autism-related genetic loci using quantitative behavioral information that may more closely relate to underlying genetic factors.
Mesenchymal stem cells secretome: The cornerstone of cell-free regenerative medicine (2020)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most frequently used stem cells in clinical trials due to their easy isolation from various adult tissues, their ability of homing to injury sites and their potential to differentiate into multiple cell types. However, the realization that the beneficial effect of MSCs relies mainly on their paracrine action, rather than on their engraftment in the recipient tissue and subsequent differentiation, has opened the way to cell-free therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. All the soluble factors and vesicles secreted by MSCs are commonly known as secretome. MSCs secretome has a key role in cell-to-cell communication and has been proven to be an active mediator of immune-modulation and regeneration both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Moreover, the use of secretome has key advantages over cell-based therapies, such as a lower immunogenicity and easy production, handling and storage. Importantly, MSCs can be modulated to alter their secretome composition to better suit specific therapeutic goals, thus, opening a large number of possibilities. Altogether these advantages now place MSCs secretome at the center of an important number of investigations in different clinical contexts, enabling rapid scientific progress in this field.
Coping with caregiving: supporting the informal caregiver. (1995)

Community health nurses often work side by side with informal caregivers. Professional caregivers can reduce their own stress and that of their patients by helping to reduce the stress of the informal caregivers, who provide a great deal of support and medical care to their loved ones.
Novel Lead Structures for p38 MAP Kinase via FieldScreen Virtual Screening (2009)

p38 MAP kinase has received considerable interest in the pharmaceutical industry and remains a valid and interesting target for the treatment of inflammation. To discover novel p38 inhibitors, we applied the ligand-based virtual screening technique, FieldScreen, to 1.2 million commercially available compounds. Fifty-eight diverse compounds were selected for biological analysis, using molecular field similarity to known inhibitors, while explicitly removing any structure that shared a scaffold with previously reported p38 inhibitors. Of these, 11 (19%) showed >or=20% inhibition of p38 at 10 microM. We chose to prepare analogues of two distinct chemical series resulting in a potential lead compound with pIC(50) of 6.4. Modeling of SAR using FieldAlign, a ligand alignment protocol, was used to rationalize the SAR of the series of thiadiazole based inhibitors.
EEG topography recognition by neural networks (1990)

Electroencephalography (EEG) pattern-recognition studies were carried out using EEG topography (readiness potential, or RP, spatiotemporal patterns) generated the moment before voluntary movements of muscles. RPs generated prior to pronouncing syllables and controlling a joystick were studied by experiments and simulation. The spatiotemporal patterns of RPs were measured by multichannel surface electrodes pasted on the subject's scalp. Backpropagation neural networks were used for RP pattern recognition. The results show that RPs generated prior to syllable pronouncement contain some information about those syllables, and that RPs generated prior to joy stick movements contain information on the direction of intended movement. They also show that neural networks can be used to recognize EEG information and so create a new type of man-machine interface for data input.
Effects of thrombin treatment of preparations of factor VIII and the Ca2+-dissociated small active fragment. (1975)

When human, canine, or bovine factor VIII preparations are chromatographed on 4% agarose at ionic strength 0.2, the factor VIII activity elutes as a single peak in the void volume with slight tailing. Incubation of such preparations with dilute (0.01 U/ml) highly purified thrombin results in some activation of factor VIII. Chromatography of such incubation mixtures, under the same conditions as before, results in elution of two peaks of factor VIII activity one in the void volume and one much later with marked tailing. The void volume peak has most of the protein and some factor VIII activity. These void volume fractions also contain all the von Willebrand factor activity of thrombin-treated bovine preparations. Longer treatment with thrombin, or treatment with stronger thrombin, appears to shift much more of the procoagulant activity to the later eluting peak. Also, when the peak of factor VIII activity, found in the void volume after thrombin treatment, was again incubated with dilute thrombin, an increase in factor VIII activity occurred. Chromatography of this incubation mixture demonstrated only a small amount of activity in the void volume, while the bulk of the activity was present in the second peak. On the other hand, thrombin treatment of factor VIII activity from peak 2 caused a rapid decline of activity instead of a further increase. It is proposed that the residual factor VIII activity found in the void volume represents unreacted factor VIII, while the late eluting peak represents thrombin-activated material that is of smaller apparent size. The late eluting peak differs from the small active factor VIII fragment obtained by Ca2+ dissociation, as the latter can be activated by thrombin. A similar set of experiments was performed using ultracentifugation of bovine factor VIII preparations on sucrose density gradients. Results of these experiments agreed completely with those obtained with get chromatography. Preparations made from human hemophilic plasma, by the procudure employed in the purification of human factor VIII, were also incubated with thrombin and chromatographed. von Willebrand factor was again found only in the void volume fractions, but there was no factor VIII activity in any fractions eluted. In other control experiments, activated and unactivated factor VIII fractions did not clot fibrinogen and contained no assayable factor IX or X. The thrombin-modified factor VIII of small size was inactivated by both a naturally occurring human inhibitor to factor VIII and the gamma globulin fraction of a rabbit antisera produced against the calcium-dissociated small active factor VIII fragment.
Computation of the physio‐chemical properties and data mining of large molecular collections (2001)

Very large data sets of molecules screened against a broad range of targets have become available due to the advent of combinatorial chemistry. This information has led to the realization that ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and toxicity issues are important to consider prior to library synthesis. Furthermore, these large data sets provide a unique and important source of information regarding what types of molecular shapes may interact with specific receptor or target classes. Thus, the requirement for rapid and accurate data mining tools became paramount. To address these issues Pharmacopeia, Inc. formed a computational research group, The Center for Informatics and Drug Discovery (CIDD).* In this review we cover the work done by this group to address both in silico ADME modeling and data mining issues faced by Pharmacopeia because of the availability of a large and diverse collection (over 6 million discrete compounds) of drug-like molecules. In particular, in the data mining arena we discuss rapid docking tools and how we employ them, and we describe a novel data mining tool based on a ID representation of a molecule followed by a molecular sequence alignment step. For the ADME area we discuss the development and application of absorption, blood-brain barrier (BBB) and solubility models. Finally, we summarize the impact the tools and approaches might have on the drug discovery process.
Genome maintenance in pluripotent stem cells (2014)

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) must maintain their proper genomic content in order to preserve appropriate self-renewal and differentiation capacities. However, their prolonged in vitro propagation, as well as the environmental culture conditions, present serious challenges to genome maintenance. Recent work has been focused on potential means to alleviate the genomic insults experienced by PSCs, and to detect them as soon as they arise, in order to prevent the detrimental consequences of these genomic aberrations on PSC application in basic research and regenerative medicine.
Silyl ether precursor-type insect repellents (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilyl ether precursor-type insect repellentsDaniel D. Garner and Lorrin R. GarsonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 6, 729–732Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00264a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00264a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pathophysiology of Sepsis and Recent Patents on the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prophylaxis for Sepsis (2009)

Despite advances in the development of powerful antibiotics and intensive care unit, sepsis is still life threatening and the mortality rate remains unchanged for the past three decades. Recent prospective trials with biological response modifiers have shown a modest clinical benefit. The pathological basis of sepsis is initially an excessive inflammatory response against invading pathogens, leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Evidence reveals that a variety of inflammatory mediators orchestrate the intense inflammation through complicated cellular interactions. More recent data indicate that most septic patients survive this stage and then subjected to an immunoparalysis phase, termed compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS), which is more fatal than the initial phase. Sepsis is a complicated clinical syndrome with multiple physiologic and immunologic abnormalities. In this review, we summarize the recent understandings of the pathophysiology of sepsis, and introduce recent patents on diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis for sepsis.
Some Thoughts on Product Development in Life Insurance (1968)

Inflation, growth, and changes in the life cycle are ignored in traditional life insurance policies. Dynamic products are essential if life insurance is to solve family and business financial problems effectively. An increasing-benefits survivorship annuity with various modifications to mesh premium inputs with the ability to pay cycle and to gear income outputs to the income-needs cycle is offered as one thought on product development in life insurance. A variable life policy modeled after the variable annuity is described as another dynamic product. Other product development concepts proposed are a reporting form for use in solving estate planning and business insurance problems and a policy covering either disability or death for use in funding business buy-and-sell agreements. Tyron Edwards, a 19th century theologian counseled: He that never changes his opinions, never corrects his mistakes, and will never be wiser on the 'morrow then he is to-day. The growing number of life insurance company managements that have accepted this admonition is testimony to the wisdom of the philosophy implicit in the idea so neatly expressed by the 19th century Reformer, Wendell Phillips, when he said: will utter what I believe today, if it should contradict all I said yesterday. Though they are perhaps uncomfortable with this philosophy, the life insurance companies are learning