gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transition metal complexes of polymeric amino ligands derived from triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate crosslinked polyacrylamides (1996)

Amino functions were incorporated into triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)-crosslinked (2–20 mol %) polyacrylamides by transamidation with ethylenediamine. The complexation of these polymeric ligands with the amino function in different structural environments was investigated toward Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) ions. The metal ion intake decreased with the extent of the crosslinking and followed the order Cu(II)>Cr(II)>Mn(II)>Fe(III)>Pb(II)>Cd(II). The pH dependence of complexation and distribution coefficient; time course and kinetics of complexation; swelling properties of the uncomplexed and complexed resins in water; recyclability; infrared (IR) spectra; electron paramagnetic resonance; ultraviolet visibility; magnetic susceptibility; and thermogravimetric and scanning electron microscopy studies were carried out. The kinetics of complexation was found to be first order. The swelling of the complexed resins is lower than that of the uncomplexed resins. Complexation resulted in the lowering of the IR absorption of the amino ligands. The IR data of the TEGDMA-crosslinked polyacrylamide amine and the corresponding Cr(III) complex reveals that the metal is coordinated with the ligand through the amino nitrogen. The SO=4 is also coordinated. The number of coordinated nitrogen atoms varies as the hydrophilicity and flexibility of the polymer change with the crosslinking. Thus spectral and magnetic studies suggest a distorted octahedral geometry for Cu(II) complexes, octahedral geometry of the d3 system for Cr(III), and d5 high-spin octahedral geometry for Fe(III) and Mn(II) complexes. The thermal stabilities of the complexed resins increase with increase in the metal content. Surface morphology of the polymeric ligand changes on complexation. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Network based, Delay-tolerant, Integrated Navigation System for a differential drive UGV using Harmonic Potential Field (2006)

Network based integrated navigation systems are a multidisciplinary effort whose aim is to produce a network structure and components that are capable of integrating sensors, actuators, communication, and control algorithms in a manner to suit real-time navigation and/or obstacle avoidance. There are many challenges to be overcome in order to put such a distributed and heterogeneous system together. This paper deals with some of these issues, i.e. the adverse effect of processing delays on the system and efficient integration of different modules. This paper describes a delay-resistant sensory-motor module for navigating a differential drive unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) in an indoor cluttered environment. The module consists of an early vision edge detection stage, a harmonic potential field (HPF) planner; a network based quadratic curve fitting controller and gain schedule middleware, (GSM). Though the different techniques and algorithms used to implement the navigation system have been previously well-studied algorithms, the novel contribution in this paper is the way all these different modules are integrated together for the first time to create an efficient structure for a network based integrated navigation system making it easy to implement and realize for many different applications. The structure of this module and its components are described. Thorough experimental results along with performance assessment comparing to the previous implementation are also provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the new integrated navigation structure
Ionization of Interstitial Iron Atoms in β‐Rhombohedral Boron (1995)

Abstract Mössbauer spectra of β‐rhombohedral boron with interstitially distributed iron atoms up to 3.33 at% are presented. Taking into account that the six D sites in the unit cell are saturated by two Fe atoms, the distribution of the Fe atoms on A and D sites proved to be simply statistical. At lower Fe contents single iron atoms on A sites are ionized to Fe 3+ , while towards higher Fe contents a rapidly increasing share of Fe 2+ ions is found. On D sites the ionization of single Fe atoms is 2+, but it changes to 3+, when two Fe atoms are accommodated in the D sites of one unit cell. The isomer shift of the Mössbauer doublets yields an estimation of the electron transfer to the boron framework. Transition from p‐ to n‐type takes place, when six electrons per unit cell are transferred from the iron ions to the boron framework. This number corresponds to the sum of the unoccupied sites in the upper valence band and the possible electron traps generated by an electron–phonon interaction in the B 12 icosahedra.
A new SOI structure for mixed mode ICs and its body-related characteristics (2002)

A new SOI structure is proposed in order to suppress both the floating body effect in thick SOI films for the analog circuit region and degradation in the source/drain resistance in thin SOI films for the digital circuit region. We report experimental results showing the dependence of the kink effect and the operational current on the body resistance, and thereby the body contact design rule can be found.
Ethical epiphanies of an instructional technologist: An autobiography (2007)

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Nitrogen-Treated Graphite and Oxygen Electroreduction on Pyridinic Edge Sites (2009)

On the basis of literature reports, some nitrogen-treated graphite electrodes have been found to catalyze the four-electron electroreduction of O2 to water in acid. In this study the linear Gibbs energy relationship is used to predict the reversible potentials for forming intermediates during O2 reduction in acid over graphene doped with two N atoms substituting for adjacent edge CH groups. This procedure, generally accurate within ∼0.2 V, is useful for estimating overpotentials for electrode surface catalyzed reactions. Using bond strengths from VASP slab-band density functional calculations, it is predicted that one of the edge N has H bonded to it at potentials of ∼1.70 V and below. In the first reduction step, the OOH that forms then dissociates on the edge into O that bonds strongly to N with OH weakly associated with it. The calculated reversible potential is ∼0.89 V. The OH is proposed to abstract H from an edge NH, forming H2O. The H is then replaced in a reduction reaction. The reversible potential for reducing the O(ads) to OH(ads) on the edge with is ∼−0.60 V, well negative of the potential range of interest for oxygen reduction, which means this edge structure will be stable at the potentials of interest. The edge has an unpaired electron and OOH bonds to the C atom bridging ON···NH with a strength corresponding to a reversible potential of ∼0.73 V. This means that the two-electron reduction product, H2O2, can form at a potential close to the ∼0.695 V standard reversible potential. The absence of any apparent pathway for the direct four-electron reduction suggests that (i) some other catalytic site structure involving substituent N is involved or (ii) the peroxide pathway is being followed with O2 and H2O generation when peroxy intermediates disproportionate or (iii) impurity transition metals are contributing to direct four-electron reduction.
A 0.92-THz SiGe Power Radiator Based on a Nonlinear Theory for Harmonic Generation (2017)

We propose a nonlinear device model and a systematic methodology to generate maximum power at any desired harmonic. The proposed power optimization technique is based on the Volterra-Wiener theory of nonlinear systems. By manipulating the device nonlinearity and optimizing the embedding network, optimum conditions for harmonic power generation are provided. Using this theory, a 920-944-GHz frequency quadrupler is designed in a 130-nm SiGe:C process. The circuit achieves the peak output power of -17.3 and -10 dBm of effective isotropic radiated power and consumes 5.7 mW of dc power. To the best of our knowledge, this circuit demonstrates the highest generated power among Si/SiGe-based sources at this frequency range.
Continuous Authentication of Smartphones Based on Application Usage (2019)

An empirical investigation of active/continuous authentication for smartphones is presented by exploiting users' unique application usage data, i.e., distinct patterns of use, modeled by a Markovian process. Specifically, variations of hidden Markov models (HMMs) are evaluated for continuous user verification, and challenges due to the sparsity of session-wise data, an explosion of states, and handling unforeseen events in the test data are tackled. Unlike traditional approaches, the proposed formulation utilizes the complete app-usage information to achieve low latency. Through experimentation, empirical assessment of the impact of unforeseen events, i.e., unknown applications and unforeseen observations, on user verification is done via a modified edit-distance algorithm for sequence matching. It is found that for enhanced verification performance, unforeseen events should be considered. For validation, extensive experiments on two distinct datasets, namely, UMDAA-02 and Securacy, are performed. Using the marginally smoothed HMM a low equal error rate (EER) of 16.16% is reached for the Securacy dataset and the same method is found to be able to detect an intrusion within ~2.5 min of application use.
Competing protein:protein interactions are proposed to control the biological switch of the E coli biotin repressor (2001)

A model is suggested for the complex between the biotin repressor of Escherichia coli, BirA, and BCCP, the biotin carboxyl carrier protein to which BirA transfers biotin.The model is consistent with prior physical and biochemical studies.Measurement of transfer rates for variants of BirA with single-site mutations in the proposed BirA:BCCP interface region also provides support.The unique feature of the proposed interaction between BirA and BCCP is that it uses the same ␤-sheet region on the surface of BirA that the protein uses for homodimerization into a form competent to bind DNA.The resulting mutually exclusive protein:protein interfaces explain the novel feature of the BirA regulatory system, namely, that transcription of the genes involved in biotin synthesis is not determined by the level of biotin, per se, but by the level of unmodified BCCP.The model also provides a role for the C-terminal domain of BirA that is structurally similar to an SH3 domain.
A lie group variational integrator for the attitude dynamics of a rigid body with applications to the 3D pendulum (2005)

A numerical integrator is derived for a class of models that describe the attitude dynamics of a rigid body in the presence of an attitude dependent potential. The numerical integrator is obtained from a discrete variational principle, and exhibits excellent geometric conservation properties. In particular, by performing computations at the level of the Lie algebra, and updating the solution using the matrix exponential, the attitude automatically evolves on the rotation group embedded in the space of matrices. The geometric conservation properties of the numerical integrator imply long time numerical stability. We apply this variational integrator to the uncontrolled 3D pendulum, that is a rigid asymmetric body supported at a frictionless pivot acting under the influence of uniform gravity. Interesting dynamics of the 3D pendulum are exposed
A Computation for Robots to Orient and Position Hand-Held Workpieces (1976)

A computation is presented which enables robots with six degrees of freedom to orient and position workpieces against fixtures. It is assumed that the robot can grasp a single workpiece and that a vision system can determine the three-dimensional locations of three feature points on that workpiece. A feature point is a unique point on a workpiece, such as the apex of a cone, which may be located visually by examining neighboring edges or surfaces. The spatial relation between workpiece and fixture which is to be the goal of arm motion is specified by measurements taken as the workpiece is held with the correct posture by a programmer. These measurements are the spatial locations of three noncollinear feature points on the workpiece and three noncollinear feature points on the fixture. The computation presented adjusts for relative motion between fixture and robot if the vision system keeps track of the three feature points on the fixture. The solution to the equations presented is a set of arm link parameters which satisfy the goal of relative workpiece placement. The general form of the equations permits application of the computation to robots with different kinematic configurations.
Fishhooks and Carburetor Calibration (1970)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Customary and refined methods used for the calibration of carburetors and fuel injection systems are evaluated. A widely used method of calibration for best economy mixture was found defective. Experimental technique for correct calibration is described. Graphical analysis is presented to obtain correct results from improper data.</div>
Optimal Trajectories for the Helicopter in One-Engine-Inoperative Terminal-Area Operations (1996)

This paper presents a summary of a series of recent analytical studies conducted to investigate One-Engine-Inoperative (OEI) optimal control strategies and the associated optimal trajectories for a twin engine helicopter in Category-A terminal-area operations. These studies also examine the associated heliport size requirements and the maximum gross weight capability of the helicopter. Using an eight states, two controls, augmented point-mass model representative of the study helicopter, Continued TakeOff (CTO), Rejected TakeOff (RTO), Balked Landing (BL), and Continued Landing (CL) are investigated for both Vertical-TakeOff-and-Landing (VTOL) and Short-TakeOff-and-Landing (STOL) terminal-area operations. The formulation of the nonlinear optimal control problems with considerations for realistic constraints, solution methods for the two-point boundary-value problem, a new real-time generation method for the optimal OEI trajectories, and the main results of this series of trajectory optimization studies are presented. In particular, a new balanced- weight concept for determining the takeoff decision point for VTOL Category-A operations is proposed, extending the balanced-field length concept used for STOL operations.
Use of Tissue Plasminogen Activator to Revive Blebs Following Intraocular Surgery (2001)

Tissue plasminogen activator can be a useful adjunct for reviving newly failing blebs after other anterior segment surgery.
Immune and artificial selection in the haemagglutinin (H) glycoprotein of measles virus (2001)

We present a maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of the selection pressures that have shaped the evolution of the large (L) protein and the haemagglutinin (H) glycoprotein of measles virus (MV). A number of amino acid sites that have potentially been subject to adaptive evolution were identified in the H protein using sequences from every known genotype of MV. All but one of these putative positively selected sites reside within the ectodomain of the H protein, where they often show an association with positions of potential B-cell epitopes and sites known to interact with the CD46 receptor. This suggests that MV may be under pressure from the immune system, albeit relatively weakly, to alter sites within epitopes and hence evade the humoral immune response. The positive selection identified at amino acid 546 was shown to correlate with the passage history of MV isolates in Vero cells. We reveal that Vero cell passaging has the potential to introduce an artificial signal of adaptive evolution through selection for changes that increase affinity for the CD46 receptor.
Cu<sub>2</sub>O Film via Hydrothermal Redox Approach: Morphology and Photocatalytic Performance (2013)

A hydrothermal approach is developed to fabricate Cu2O film via in situ redox reaction between Cu2+ and Cu plate. The crystallization process under different conditions was demonstrated, and the crystal structure of Cu2O was verified by XRD, Raman and XPS characterizations. Simply tuning the anionic groups of Cu2+ can generate different morphologies including rod-like arrays, cross-linked and truncated octahedrals. Mott–Schottky plots and PL spectra indicate that the rod-like arrays possess more copper vacancies than the other two morphologies. In photodegradation, the rod arrays exhibit much better performance, following by truncated and then cross-linked octahedrals. The photostability of the three morphologies was also determined. Although different surface reconstructions occur for the films owing to different charge transfer and consumption pathway, their photoactivities are all enhanced after the first run. Then rod arrays and cross-linked octahedrals show very stable activity, but truncated octahedrals show a gradually decreased activity. This work may be helpful for rationally modulating Cu2O-based materials and understanding their deactive mechanism in photocatalysis.
Continuous monitoring, by mass spectrometry, of H2 production and recycling in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata (1980)

Hydrogen evolution and consumption by cell and chromatophore suspensions of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata was measured with a sensitive and specific mass spectrometric technique which directly monitors dissolved gases. H2 production by nitrogenase was inhibited by acetylene and restored by carbon monoxide. An H2 evolution activity coupled with HD formation and D2 uptake (H-D exchange) was unaffected by C2H2 and CO. Cultures lacking nitrogenase activity also exhibited H-D exchange activity, which was catalyzed by a membrane-bound hydrogenase present in the chromatophores of R. capsulata. A net hydrogen uptake, mediated by hydrogenase, was observed when electron acceptors such as CO2, O2, or ferricyanide were present in the medium.
Adaptive-size meshes for rigid and nonrigid shape analysis and synthesis (1993)

A physically based modeling method that uses adaptive-size meshes to model surfaces of rigid and nonrigid objects is presented. The initial model uses an a priori determined mesh size. However, the mesh size increases or decreases dynamically during surface reconstruction to locate nodes near surface areas of interest (like high curvature points) and to optimize the fitting error. Further, presented with multiple 3-D data frames, the mesh size varies as the data surface undergoes nonrigid motion. This model is used to reconstruct 3-D surfaces, analyze the nonrigid motion, track the corresponding points in nonrigid motion, and create graphic animation and visualization. The method was tested on real range data, on simulated nonrigid motion, and on real data for the left ventricular motion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Heterogeneity of the Pancreatic Beta Cell (2017)

The pancreatic beta cell functions as a key regulator of blood glucose levels by integrating a variety of signals in response to changing metabolic demands. Variations in beta cell identity that translate into functionally different subpopulations represent an interesting mechanism to allow beta cells to efficiently respond to diverse physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Recently, there is emerging evidence that morphological and functional differences between beta cells exist. Furthermore, the ability of novel single cell technologies to characterize the molecular identity of individual beta cells has created a new era in the beta cell field. These studies are providing important novel information about the origin of beta cell heterogeneity, the type and proportions of the different beta cell subpopulations, as well as their intrinsic properties. Furthermore, characterization of different beta cell subpopulations that could variably offer protection from or drive progression of diabetes has important clinical implications in diabetes prevention, beta cell regeneration and stem cell treatments. In this review, we will assess the evidence that supports the existence of heterogeneous populations of beta cells and the factors that could influence their formation. We will also address novel studies using islet single cell analysis that have provided important information toward understanding beta cell heterogeneity and discuss the caveats that may be associated with these new technologies.
[FeFe]-Hydrogenase-Catalyzed H <sub>2</sub> Production in a Photoelectrochemical Biofuel Cell (2008)

The Clostridium acetobutylicum [FeFe]-hydrogenase HydA has been investigated as a hydrogen production catalyst in a photoelectrochemical biofuel cell. Hydrogenase was adsorbed to pyrolytic graphite edge and carbon felt electrodes. Cyclic voltammograms of the immobilized hydrogenase films reveal cathodic proton reduction and anodic hydrogen oxidation, with a catalytic bias toward hydrogen evolution. When corrected for the electrochemically active surface area, the cathodic current densities are similar for both carbon electrodes, and approximately 40% of those obtained with a platinum electrode. The high surface area carbon felt/hydrogenase electrode was subsequently used as the cathode in a photoelectrochemical biofuel cell. Under illumination, this device is able to oxidize a biofuel substrate and reduce protons to hydrogen. Similar photocurrents and hydrogen production rates were observed in the photoelectrochemical biofuel cell using either hydrogenase or platinum cathodes.
Transposon Tn10 provides a promoter for transcription of adjacent sequences. (1982)

Promoters located within the Tn10 insertion element cause transcription of "host" sequences adjacent to both ends of the inserted Tn10 element. These promoters are usually not observed in genetic experiments because their transcripts are efficiently terminated at nearby rho-dependent termination sites. The observations presented here provide an explanation for several confusing aspects of transposon behavior and suggest the possibility that many transposons possess promoters that have escaped detection for similar reasons.
SweetWiki : Semantic Web Enabled Technologies in Wiki (2006)

Abstract. Wikis are social web sites enabling a potentially large number of participants to modify any page or create a new page using their web browser. As they grow, wikis suffer from a number of problems (anarchical structure, large number of pages, aging navigation paths, etc.). We believe that semantic wikis can improve navigation and search. In SweetWiki we investigate the use of semantic web technologies to support and ease the lifecycle of the wiki. The very model of wikis was declaratively described: an OWL schema captures concepts such as WikiWord, wiki page, forward and backward link, author, etc. This ontology is then exploited by an embedded semantic search engine (Corese). In addition, SweetWiki integrates a standard WYSIWYG editor (Kupu) that we extended to support semantic annotation following the &quot;social tagging &quot; approach made popular by web sites such as flickr.com. When editing a page, the
Syntheses of Thiocarbamates (1967)

Abstract The methods suitable for the preparation of thiocarbamates are described and illustrated by examples and procedures. They are grouped under the following headings: Addition of Alcohols and Thiols to Isothiocyanates Thioacylation of Amines with chlorothioformates with O,S ‐diesters of dithiocarbonic acid with trithiocarbonates Thioacylation of Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols with thiocarbamoyl chlorides with N,N ‐dialkylmercaptochloroformimidium chlorides with N,N ′‐thiocarbonyldiimidazole Reaction of Thiocyanates and Cyanates with Hydrogen Sulfide Alkylation of Metal Dithiocarbamates Additions to Thiocyanic Acid