gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleoside Prodrugs of A3 Adenosine Receptor Agonists and Antagonists (2006)

9-(β-D-Ribosfuranosyluronamide)adenine derivatives that are selective agonists and antagonists of the A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptor (AR) have been derivatized as prodrugs for <i>in vivo</i> delivery. The free hydroxy groups at the 2' and 3' positions of the agonists 2-chloro-<i>N</i> <sup>6</sup>-(3-iodobenzyl)-9-(<i>N</i>-methyl-(β-D-ribosfuranosyluronamide)adenine <b>2b</b>, the corresponding 4'-thio nucleoside <b>2c</b>, and antagonists <b>4a</b> and <b>4b</b> (5'-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylamides related to <b>2b</b> and <b>2c</b>, respectively) were derivatized through simple acylation reactions. The prodrug derivatives were tested in radioligand binding assays at ARs and in a functional assay of adenylate cyclase at the A<sub>3</sub>AR and found to be considerably less active than the parent drugs. The hydrolysis of nucleoside 2',3'-diesters to regenerate the parent compound in the presence of human blood was demonstrated. 2',3'-Dipropionate esters of <b>2b</b> and <b>4a</b> were readily cleaved in a two-step reaction to regenerate the parent drug, on a time scale of two hours. The cleavage of a 2',3'-dihexanoate ester occurred at a slower rate. This indicates that the prodrugs are suitable as masked forms of the biologically active A<sub>3</sub>AR agonists and antagonists for future evaluation <i>in vivo</i>.
Sandcastle Worm‐Inspired Blood‐Resistant Bone Graft Binder Using a Sticky Mussel Protein for Augmented In Vivo Bone Regeneration (2016)

Xenogenic bone substitutes are commonly used during orthopedic reconstructive procedures to assist bone regeneration. However, huge amounts of blood accompanied with massive bone loss usually increase the difficulty of placing the xenograft into the bony defect. Additionally, the lack of an organic matrix leads to a decrease in the mechanical strength of the bone-grafted site. For effective bone grafting, this study aims at developing a mussel adhesion-employed bone graft binder with great blood-resistance and enhanced mechanical properties. The distinguishing water (or blood) resistance of the binder originates from sandcastle worm-inspired complex coacervation using negatively charged hyaluronic acid (HA) and a positively charged recombinant mussel adhesive protein (rMAP) containing tyrosine residues. The rMAP/HA coacervate stabilizes the agglomerated bone graft in the presence of blood. Moreover, the rMAP/HA composite binder enhances the mechanical and hemostatic properties of the bone graft agglomerate. These outstanding features improve the osteoconductivity of the agglomerate and subsequently promote in vivo bone regeneration. Thus, the blood-resistant coacervated mussel protein glue is a promising binding material for effective bone grafting and can be successfully expanded to general bone tissue engineering.
Comparisons in circuit configuration and filtering performance between hybrid and pure shunt active filters (2004)

This paper deals with a hybrid shunt active filter for harmonic compensation of a three-phase diode rectifier in a 480-V adjustable-speed drive system. The hybrid filter is formed by a three-phase single-tuned current LC filter for the 7-th harmonic frequency and a small-rated three-phase voltage-source PWM inverter. Computer simulation is carried out to compare the hybrid filter with a pure shunt active filter in terms of circuit configuration and filtering performance. The simulation results indicate effectiveness and viability of the hybrid filter. In addition, theoretical analysis confirms the validity of the simulation results.
Presentación No. 150 (2017)

Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 150, 2017: 1-3
The Cat's Mind: Understanding Your Cat's Behavior (1992)

Anyone who owns cats knows that even the ones they think they understand best behave peculiarly sometimes. This books helps cat owners understand why their pets act the way they do by explaining a cat's senses, learning patterns and ways of communicating with each other and humans. It's a fascinating journey beyond observations and into the feline mind.
Intramolecular Epistasis and the Evolution of a New Enzymatic Function (2012)

Atrazine chlorohydrolase (AtzA) and its close relative melamine deaminase (TriA) differ by just nine amino acid substitutions but have distinct catalytic activities. Together, they offer an informative model system to study the molecular processes that underpin the emergence of new enzymatic function. Here we have constructed the potential evolutionary trajectories between AtzA and TriA, and characterized the catalytic activities and biophysical properties of the intermediates along those trajectories. The order in which the nine amino acid substitutions that separate the enzymes could be introduced to either enzyme, while maintaining significant catalytic activity, was dictated by epistatic interactions, principally between three amino acids within the active site: namely, S331C, N328D and F84L. The mechanistic basis for the epistatic relationships is consistent with a model for the catalytic mechanisms in which protonation is required for hydrolysis of melamine, but not atrazine.
The development of effective CaO-based CO<sub>2</sub> sorbents via a sacrificial templating technique (2016)

A carbon-based sacrificial templating approach was employed to realize single-pot synthesis of cyclically stable CaO-based CO<sub>2</sub> sorbents. The sacrificial carbonaceous template was formed through resorcinol-formaldehyde polymerization reaction. The resultant sorbents following the thermal decomposition of the carbonaceous template featured an inverse opal-like macrostructure composed of a highly porous nanostructured backbone. In addition to pure CaO, sorbents supported with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MgO, Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and ZrO<sub>2</sub> were synthesized. SEM and XRD were utilized to characterize the morphology and the chemical composition of the synthetic CO<sub>2</sub> sorbents, respectively. The cyclic CO<sub>2</sub> uptake performance of the synthetic sorbents was assessed by TGA and compared to limestone. All of the synthetic sorbents exhibited an improved CO<sub>2</sub> uptake performance when compared to limestone. The performance enhancement became more pronounced in the case of supported sorbents. The sorbent with the best CO<sub>2</sub> uptake performance was supported by a mixture of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and exhibited a CO<sub>2</sub> uptake of 0.61 g CO<sub>2</sub>/g CaO after 10 cycles of calcination and carbonation under practically relevant operating temperatures, which exceeded the CO<sub>2</sub> uptake of limestone by more than 350%.
Optimum dose of sulphasalazine for maintenance treatment in ulcerative colitis. (1980)

Sulphasalazine is widely used in the maintenance treatment of ulcerative colitis but the optimum dose is not known. In the present study, 170 patients were allotted at random to three treatment groups, in which the daily dose was 1, 2 and 4 g respectively, and the trial period of treatment lasted for six months. A daily dose of 2 g was found to be much more efficacious than 1 g. A daily dose of 4 g was more efficacious than 2 g but at the price of fairly frequent symptomatic side-effects. Haematological abnormalities were observed at all dosage levels, but they occurred chiefly among the patients on 4 g daily. Both symptomatic and the haematological side-effects were usually associated with high concentrations of serum sulphapyridine and these high levels occurred chiefly among the slow acetylators. It is concluded that, for general use, a daily dose of 2 g sulphasalazine is satisfactory for the maintenance treatment of ulcerative colitis. If a patient does not do well on 2 g daily, it is worth trying a larger dose but in this case the patient's condition should be monitored by blood film, haemoglobin, MCV, and reticulocyte count.
Modeling and Verification of Melanin Concentration on Human Skin Type (2011)

Lasers are used in the minimalistic or noninvasive diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders. Less laser light reaches the deeper skin layers in dark skin types, due to its higher epidermal melanin concentration compared with lighter skin. Laser-tissue interaction modeling software can correct for this by adapting the dose applied to the skin. This necessitates an easy and reliable method to determine the skin's type. Noninvasive measurement of the skin's melanin content is the best method. However, access to samples of all skin types is often limited and skin-like phantoms are used instead. This study's objective is to compare experimentally measured absorption features of liquid skin-like phantoms representing Skin Types I-VI with a realistic skin computational model component of ASAP(®). Sample UV-VIS transmittance spectra were measured from 370 to 900 nm and compared with simulated results from ASAP(®) using the same optical parameters. Results indicated nonmonotonic absorption features towards shorter wavelengths, which may allow for more accurate ways of determining melanin concentration and expected absorption through the epidermal layer. This suggests possible use in representing optical characteristics of real skin. However, a more comprehensive model and phantoms are necessary to account for the effects of sun exposure.
Discovery and Structure–Activity-Relationship Study of <i>N</i>-Alkyl-5-hydroxypyrimidinone Carboxamides as Novel Antitubercular Agents Targeting Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-<scp>d</scp>-ribose 2′-Oxidase (2018)

Magnesium plays an important role in infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb) as a signal of the extracellular environment, as a cofactor for many enzymes, and as a structural element in important macromolecules. Raltegravir, an antiretroviral drug that inhibits HIV-1 integrase is known to derive its potency from selective sequestration of active-site magnesium ions in addition to binding to a hydrophobic pocket. In order to determine if essential Mtb-related phosphoryl transfers could be disrupted in a similar manner, a directed screen of known molecules with integrase inhibitor-like pharmacophores ( N-alkyl-5-hydroxypyrimidinone carboxamides) was performed. Initial hits afforded compounds with low-micromolar potency against Mtb, acceptable cytotoxicity and PK characteristics, and robust SAR. Elucidation of the target of these compounds revealed that they lacked magnesium dependence and instead disappointingly inhibited a known promiscuous target in Mtb, decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose 2'-oxidase (DprE1, Rv3790).
Evaluation of four subcritical response methods for on-line prediction of flutter onset in wind-tunnel tests (1982)

The methods were evaluated for use in tests where the flutter model is excited solely by airstream turbulence. The methods were: randomdec, power-spectral-density, peak-hold, and cross-spectrum. The test procedure was to maintain a constant Mach number (M) and increase the dynamic pressure (g) in incremental steps. The test Mach numbers were 0.65, 0.75, 0.82, 0.90, and 1.15. The four methods provided damping trends by which the flutter mode could be tracked and extrapolated to a flutter-onset q. A hard flutter point was obtained at M = 0.82. The peak-hold and cross-spectrum methods gave reliable results and could be most readily used for on-line testing. At M = 0.82, a p-k analysis predicted the same flutter mode as the experiment but a 6-percent lower flutter q. At the subcritical dynamic pressures, calculated damping values were appreciably lower than measured data.
An overview of membrane transport proteins in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1995)

All eukaryotic cells contain a wide variety of proteins embedded in the plasma and internal membranes, which ensure transmembrane solute transport. It is now established that a large proportion of these transport proteins can be grouped into families apparently conserved throughout organisms. This article presents the data of an in silicio analysis aimed at establishing a preliminary classification of membrane transport proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This analysis was conducted at a time when about 65% of all yeast genes were available in public databases. In addition to approximately 60 transport proteins whose function was at least partially known, approximately 100 deduced protein sequences of unknown function display significant sequence similarity to membrane transport proteins characterized in yeast and/or other organisms. While some protein families have been well characterized by classical genetic experimental approaches, others have largely if not totally escaped characterization. The proteins revealed by this in silicio analysis also include a putative K+ channel, proteins similar to aquaporins of plant and animal origin, proteins similar to Na+-solute symporters, a protein very similar to electroneural cation-chloride cotransporters, and a putative Na+-H+ antiporter. A new research area is anticipated: the functional analysis of many transport proteins whose existence was revealed by genome sequencing.
DC/DC converter with class E zero-voltage-switching inverter and class E zero-current-switching rectifier (1989)

A class-E resonant DC/DC power converter is introduced and verified experimentally. It is composed of a class-E zero-voltage-switching inverter and a class-E zero-current-switching rectifier. Therefore, it offers high efficiency at high frequencies. The measured DC/DC efficiency was 82.64% at full load with 7.3-W output power. A relative frequency range of only 6.12% was sufficient to regulate the DC output voltage at 20 V for load resistances ranging from 55 Omega to infinity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Facile Synthesis of 3-Alkoxy-4-cyanothiophenes As New Building Blocks for Donor−Acceptor Conjugated Systems (2011)

3-Alkoxy-4-cyanothiophenes are efficiently synthesized in two steps from the readily available 4-cyano-3-oxotetrahydrothiophene. Regioisomers of bithiophene derivatives are easily synthesized by playing on the strong electronic dissymmetry of the thiophene ring induced by the alkoxy and cyano groups.
Innovative propagation mechanism for inter-chip and intra-chip communication (2015)

SoC (System on chip) technology has rapidly developed in recent years, stimulating emerging research areas such as investigating the efficacy of wireless network interconnection within a single chip or between multiple chips. However the design of the on-chip antenna faces the challenge of obtaining high radiation efficiency and transmission gain due to conductive loss of the silicon substrate. A new on-chip propagation mechanism of radio waves, which takes advantage of the un-doped silicon layer, is developed in order to overcome this challenge. It was found that by properly designing the dimension of silicon wafer, the un-doped silicon layer is able to act like a waveguide. Most of the energy is directed to the approximately lossless the undoped silicon layer of high resistivity instead of attenuating in the doped silicon substrate or radiating to the air. HFSS modeling and simulation results are provided to show that efficiency, gain and directivity of the on-chip antenna are greatly improved. In addition, this type of antennas can be easily reconfigured, which as a result, makes wireless SoCs with wireless interconnects or even a wireless network on PCB (Printed Circuit Board) possible.
Variable path-length, low-temperature cells for absorption spectroscopy (1985)

Design and performance affect various single and multiple pass, low-temperature absorption cells. These cells currently operate with path lengths from 10-3 up to 80 m and are used in the 119-300K temperature range and the 0-10 bars (0-1 MPa) pressure range.
Water Quality Management for Pond Fish Culture (1982)

A complete, up-to-date account of the theory and practice of water quality management for pond fish culture. The scope encompasses: a review of water quality and water quantity requirements of fish, pond fertilization, liming, dynamics of dissolved oxygen in ponds, feeding and water quality, aeration, aquatic plant control, chemical treatments and hydrology. The treatment is comprehensive, including discussions of both theoretical and practical aspects of each management procedure. As well as being useful to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in fisheries and fish culture, researchers in fisheries and fish culture, and practicing fisheries biologists and fish culturists, the book also includes valuable information for individuals in other fields who are responsible for managing aquatic resources.
"Tissue need" and limb collateral arterial growth. Skeletal contractile power and perfusion during collateral development in the rat. (1992)

Among the factors that might influence collateral arterial growth after arterial occlusion, the capacity to deliver blood flow in relation to metabolic need and work performance are obvious candidates. In this study in rats after superficial femoral artery ligation, we assessed collateral arterial growth (by arteriography), basal and peak limb blood flow during acetylcholine-induced vasodilation (by electronic drop counting), pressure-flow relations, and contractile power of the gastrocnemius muscle (force transduction during sciatic nerve stimulation) at intervals over 3 months after superficial femoral artery ligation. Basal and peak blood flow and muscle contractile power were clearly reduced 1 week after ligation but had returned to normal by 3 weeks. Major collateral arterial growth, however, progressed between 3 weeks and 3 months. The limb perfusion pressure-blood flow relation was still altered at 3 weeks, with blunting of the normal autoregulation, and became more normal by 3 months after superficial femoral artery ligation. Collateral arterial growth continues after blood flow adequate to maintain work performance has been restored and may reflect a response to more subtle abnormalities involving distal pressure delivery, evident in altered pressure-flow relations.
An introduction to information theoretic learning (2003)

Learning from examples has been traditionally done with correlation or with the mean square error (MSE) criterion, in spite of the fact that learning is intrinsically related with the extraction of information from examples. The problem is that Shannon (1948) introduced the idea of information entropy which has a sound theoretical foundation but is not easy to implement in a learning from examples scenario. In this paper Renyi's entropy definition (1976) is used and integrated with a nonparametric estimator of the probability density function (Parzen window). The experimental results on blind source separation confirm the theory. Although the work is preliminary, the "information potential" method is rather general and will have many applications.
Distance Velocity–Azimuth Display (DVAD)—New Interpretation and Analysis of Doppler Velocity (2013)

Abstract The concept and mathematical framework of the distance velocity–azimuth display (DVAD) methodology is presented. DVAD uses rVd (Doppler velocity scaled by the distance from the radar to a gate, r) as the basis to display, interpret, and extract information from single Doppler radar observations. Both linear and nonlinear wind fields can be represented by the same Cartesian polynomial with different orders. DVAD is mathematically concise and superior to the velocity–azimuth display (VAD) in interpreting and deducing flow characteristics. The rVd pattern of a two-dimensional linear wind field is exclusively in the form of a bivariate quadratic equation representing conic sections (e.g., ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola) centered at the radar depending only on divergence and deformation. The presence of a constant background flow translates the conic sections to a different origin away from the radar. It is possible to graphically estimate the characteristics of a linear wind field from the conical sections without performing a VAD analysis. DVAD analysis can deduce quantitative flow characteristics by a least squares fitting and/or a derivative method, and is a natural way to account for nonlinearity. The rVd pattern behaves similar to a type of velocity potential in fluid mechanics where ∇(rVd) is a proxy of the true wind vector and is used to estimate the general flow pattern in the vicinity of the radar.
5 bit photonic time shifter for wideband arrays (1995)

A 5 bit photonic time shifter (switchable delay line) was developed for the applications of wideband array antennas. This module was used to steer the beam on the subarray level, which required up to 10 ns delay in the true time delay beamforming network. The time shift module consists of four diode lasers and eight photodetectors in conjunction with fibre optic delay lines and a 4×8 optical coupler connected in between. The L-band module has a 38 dB loss at present. A silica waveguide-based delay line technology using monolithic/hybrid integration is under way. The miniaturised version will reduce the loss by combining a laser and detector switch array plus other OEIC components in the package.
A novel octavalent combined Erysipelas, Parvo and Leptospira vaccine provides (cross) protection against infection following challenge of pigs with 9 different Leptospira interrogans serovars (2015)

The present study demonstrates that the new combination vaccine Porcilis® Ery + Parvo + Lepto induces significant (cross) protection against nine different serovars within the serogroups Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Australis (Bratislava), Pomona and Tarassovi.
Pharmacokinetics of extended-release and immediate-release formulations of galantamine at steady state in healthy volunteers (2005)

Food had no effect on the GAL bioavailability of GAL-ER at steady state. GAL-ER was bioequivalent to GAL-IR with respect to AUC24 h and Cmin.
Synchronized motion control for process automation (2003)

The basic principles behind the alternative topologies for synchronized motion control are developed. A relative stiffness motion control in conjunction with a single reference command generator is proposed. The benefits of the proposed relative stiffness control algorithm are demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. The following conclusions are drawn. Dynamic stiffness is easily demonstrated by using state-feedback methods. The synchronized master command has no inherent relative stiffness to mimic hard, line-shafted connections. Master-slave control algorithm have one-half of the terms required to mimic hard, line-shafted connections. For systems possessing a high-inertia master, this provides very close to the desired attributes of the hard connections. However, command-trajectory-tracking performance may be degraded due to increased torque requirements. Relative stiffness control algorithms provide behavior analogous to that of hard, line-shafted connections. No compromise in command tracking performance is required for such control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>