gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The preparation of silicon oxynitride, Si<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O, as a high surface area powder by reaction of silica with ammonia at 1100°C (1989)

The title reaction is found to occur with an amorphous, non-porous but high surface area form of silica; other silica phases, differing in crystallinity and porosity, give substantially lower degrees of nitrogen incorporation on reaction with ammonia.
Four new type I restriction enzymes identified in Escherichia coli clinical isolates (2005)

Using a plasmid transformation method and the RM search computer program, four type I restriction enzymes with new recognition sites and two isoschizomers (EcoBI and Eco377I) were identified in a collection of clinical Escherichia coli isolates. These new enzymes were designated Eco394I, Eco826I, Eco851I and Eco912I. Their recognition sequences were determined to be GAC(5N)RTAAY, GCA(6N)CTGA, GTCA(6N)TGAY and CAC(5N)TGGC, respectively. A methylation sensitivity assay, using various synthetic oligonucleotides, was used to identify the adenines that prevent cleavage when methylated (underlined). These results suggest that type I enzymes are abundant in E.coli and many other bacteria, as has been inferred from bacterial genome sequencing projects.
A Novel Biomarker for Staging Human Prostate Adenocarcinoma: Overexpression of Matriptase with Concomitant Loss of its Inhibitor, Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator Inhibitor-1 (2006)

The increased expression of matriptase and loss of HAI-1 may be an important event during the progression of CaP in humans. We suggest that the ratio of these two gene products may serve as a promising biomarker for CaP progression and a potential marker for establishing the efficacy of therapeutic and chemopreventive interventions.
Computer-aided diagnosis for classification of focal liver lesions on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: feature extraction and characterization of vascularity patterns (2008)

We have developed a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) scheme for classifying focal liver lesions (FLLs) into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver metastasis, and hemangioma, by use of B-mode and micro flow imaging (MFI) of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. We used 98 cases in this study, in which 104 FLLs consisted of 68 HCCs, 21 metastases, and 15 hemangiomas. MFI was obtained with contrast-enhanced low-mechanical-index (MI) pulse subtraction imaging at a fixed plane which included a distinctive cross section of the FLL. In the MFI, the inflow high signals in the plane, which were due to the vascular patterns and the contrast agent, were accumulated following flash scanning with a high-MI ultrasound exposure. In this study, in addition to the existing 29 image features extracted from MFI images, such as replenishment time, the average and the standard deviation of pixel values in a FLL, and the average thickness of vessel-like patterns, four types of image features were extracted from MFI, temporal subtraction and B-mode images based on small square regions of interest (ROIs: 4x4 matrix size) placed to cover a whole region of the FLL. The four features were 1) uniformity of average pixel values for all ROIs, 2) peak pixel values in a histogram of average pixel values of ROIs, 3) fraction of hypoechoic regions within an FLL, and 4) cross-correlation of pixel values within an FLL between B-mode and MFI images. Overall classification accuracies performed by this CAD scheme were 87.5% for all 104 liver lesions.
Browser History Stealing with Captive Wi-Fi Portals (2016)

In this paper we show that HSTS headers and long-term cookies (like those used for user tracking) are so prevailing that they allow a malicious Wi-Fi operator to gain significant knowledge about the past browsing history of users. We demonstrate how to combine both into a history stealing attack by including specially crafted references into a captive portal or by injecting them into legitimate HTTP traffic. Captive portals are used on many Wi-Fi Internet hotspots to display the user a message, like a login page or an acceptable use policy before they are connected to the Internet. They are typically found in public places such as airports, train stations, or restaurants. Such systems have been known to be troublesome for many reasons. In this paper we show how a malicious operator can not only gain knowledge about the current Internet session, but also about the user's past. By invisibly placing vast amounts of specially crafted references into these portal pages, we can lure the browser into revealing a user's browsing history by either reading stored persistent (long-term) cookies or evaluating responses for previously set HSTS headers. An occurrence of a persistent cookie, as well as a direct call to the pages' HTTPS site is a reliable sign of the user having visited this site earlier. Thus, this technique allows for a site-based history stealing, similar to the famous link-color history attacks. For the Alexa Top 1,000 sites, between 82% and 92% of sites are effected as they use persistent cookies over HTTP. For the Alexa Top 200,000 we determined the number of vulnerable sites between 59% and 86%. We extended our implementation of this attack by other privacy-invading attacks that enrich the collected data with additional personal information.
Realizing MPEG4 video transmission based on mobile station over GPRS (2005)

Video over mobile telephone has a wide range of current and future potential applications. The integration of two new technologies, namely GPRS and MPEG4, makes it possible to transmit MPEG4 bit streams over GPRS Network. This paper presents the implementation details of MPEG4 coded video transmission over GPRS network. Mobile telephone is responsible for video data subsampling and is used as a player device. A testing result obtained after actual video transmission is presented in this paper. Based on the principium of RTP and the features of MPEG4 standard, we put forward a RTP payload format and a packetization algorithm for MPEG4 video, which achieves both efficiency and robustness. We present an end-to-end feedback congestion control scheme based on RTP/RTCP.
Enzymic .beta.-Galactosidation of Modified Monosaccharides: Study of the Enzyme Selectivity for the Acceptor and Its Application to the Synthesis of Disaccharides (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymic .beta.-Galactosidation of Modified Monosaccharides: Study of the Enzyme Selectivity for the Acceptor and Its Application to the Synthesis of DisaccharidesRosa Lopez and Alfonso Fernandez-MayoralasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4, 737–745Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00083a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00083a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views854Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Signal Corps Program on Magnetic Ferrites (1960)

The ferrite research and development program pursued by the Signal Corps over the past twelve years is reviewed and its most significant results are described. The discussion includes all major phases and sub-tasks under this program; such as the work on low-loss high-permeability materials for communication uses at frequencies from 0.1 to 500 Mc, square hysteresis loop ferrites for computer applications, work on permanent magnet materials, and materials for microwave applications up to 100 kMc. In addition, studies dealing with the effect of impurities, preparation techniques, grain size and other parameters on certain material characteristics are mentioned briefly. A list of publications originating from this work is included.
The cell cycle related differences in susceptibility of HL-60 cells to apoptosis induced by various antitumor agents. (1993)

The studies were aimed to detect the cell cycle-associated differences in the susceptibility of HL-60 cells to apoptosis induced by diverse agents. Exponentially growing HL-60 cells were treated with the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin; the DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors teniposide, m-AMSA, Mitoxantrone, or Fostriecin; the presumed tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein; a serine/threonine kinase inhibitor H7; the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide; the DNA replication inhibitor hydroxyurea; the nucleoside antimetabolites 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and 5-azacytidine; and the alkylating agent nitrogen mustard, cisplatin, hyperthermia, and gamma irradiation. Endonucleolysis, which accompanied apoptosis induced by these agents, was assessed by two different flow cytometric methods, one based on DNA content measurements following extraction of low molecular weight DNA, and another using exogenous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to label in situ DNA strand breaks. Each method allowed for both identification of apoptotic cells and analysis of the cell cycle distribution of the unaffected cell population; the method using terminal transferase also allowed for identification of the cell cycle position of apoptotic cells. Confirmed by analysis of DNA degradation by gel electrophoresis and changes in cell morphology, apoptosis was observed as early as 3 h after administration of most drugs and for some drugs was cell cycle phase specific. Cells progressing through S phase were selectively susceptible when treated with camptothecin, teniposide, m-AMSA, Mitoxantrone, H7, hydroxyurea, and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. Cells in G2-M preferentially underwent apoptosis in cultures treated with H7 or with gamma-irradiation. Cells in G1 phase were preferentially affected by 5-azacytidine, nitrogen mustard, and hyperthermia. No significant cell cycle specificity was observed in the case of Fostriecin, genistein, cycloheximide, or cisplatin. The cell cycle related difference in susceptibility to apoptosis may be a reflection of both the severity of the lesion induced by a given drug and the ability of the cells to repair that lesion; both can vary depending on the cell cycle phase.
Analyzing the resource requirements of usage statistics gathering on online newspapers (2012)

Web analytics is a process through which website usage statistics and user behavior data are gathered. Such an analytics program can be used as a tool to get anonym information about users, for example who they are, from which site are they are coming, how often they are visiting the website, how much time do they spent on a site, etc. In this paper we focus on the performance of large websites from the perspective of web analytics and the required extra storage space. The number of page views can be millions per day on large websites, thus the stored user-data number (the amount of analytics data generated by a user visit event) is millions per day as well. Poor system design, even related to gathering user behavior statistics, can lead to system crash. Increasing the performance of the hardware exponentially is not possible in the practice, therefore only optimal data processing can lead to efficient system operation. In this paper we show how to calculate the number of userdata records generated in the database per day and total from system startup in general. Based on that we propose a model to calculate the cost of article high score list which is usually generated at least daily in such systems. Finally, the affect of different search engines are examined.
Tunable Organic Photocatalysts for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution (2015)

Photocatalytic hydrogen production from water offers an abundant, clean fuel source, but it is challenging to produce photocatalysts that use the solar spectrum effectively. Many hydrogen-evolving photocatalysts are active in the ultraviolet range, but ultraviolet light accounts for only 3% of the energy available in the solar spectrum at ground level. Solid-state crystalline photocatalysts have light absorption profiles that are a discrete function of their crystalline phase and that are not always tunable. Here, we prepare a series of amorphous, microporous organic polymers with exquisite synthetic control over the optical gap in the range 1.94-2.95 eV. Specific monomer compositions give polymers that are robust and effective photocatalysts for the evolution of hydrogen from water in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor, without the apparent need for an added metal cocatalyst. Remarkably, unlike other organic systems, the best performing polymer is only photoactive under visible rather than ultraviolet irradiation.
Tuntimittausdatan käyttö sähkökuorman ennustamisessa (2010)

Tässä työssä tutkitaan sähkökuorman ennustamista regressionanalyysin avulla. Selittävinä tekijöinä käytetään lämpötilaa ja päivänpituutta. Vuoden mittainen tuntimitattua dataa sisältävä aineisto (1.7.2008 - 30.6.2009) saatiin Kainuun Energialta n. 1600 asiakkaalta ja se sisältää lähinnä kotitalouksien sähkönkulutusdataa; tehty ohjelma onkin pääasiassa suunniteltu kotitalouksien sähkönkulutuksen ennustamista varten. \n\nOhjelmalla voi analysoida pienten asiakasryhmien summakulutusta, jolloin voidaan ennustaa esimerkiksi yhden jakelumuuntajan kulutus. Tämän lisäksi voidaan käsitellä suuremman asiakasjoukon keskiarvoa; tätä käytetään lähinnä ohjelman testaamiseen. Koska lämpötilan vaikutus sähkönkulutukseen on epälineaarinen, vuosi jaetaan päiväryhmiin jotka käsitellään erikseen. Ryhmän sisällä oletetaan lineaarinen riippuvuus. \n\nRegressioanalyysin antamat selittävien muuttujien kertoimet tarkistetaan automaattisesti ohjelmassa määriteltyjen periaatteiden mukaisesti, jotta ennustemalli olisi järkevä. Tämän lisäksi lasketaan residuaalien hajonta, jolloin voidaan antaa ennusteen lisäksi haluttu luottamustaso. Myös luottamustason käyttöä varten tarvittavaa normaalijakaumaoletusta sekä oletettua residuaalien riippumaattomuutta selittävistä tekijöistä tutkitaan. \n\nLopuksi verrataan ennustemallin antamia arvoja toteutuneeseen vuoden 2010 tammikuun kulutukseen. Tehtyjen testien perusteella ennuste toimii melko hyvin, mutta joitain kysymyksiä jäi vielä auki. Nämä liittyvät lähinnä tapaan käsitellä epälineaarisuus, sekä arvioon analysoitavan ryhmän minimiasiakasmäärästä.
A Novel δ-Lactam from the Sponge<i>Tedania ignis</i> (1994)

Abstract Tedanalactam, a novel δ-lactam not found in previous studies of Tedania ignis from Bermuda, was isolated from T. ignis from the Florida Keys.
Non-stoichiometry and electrical conductivity of strontium niobates with perovskite structure. II. Ionic conductivity of Sr(Sr(1/3) +x Nb(2/3)−x) O3−(3/2)x (1981)

The total conductivity of strontium niobates with formula Sr(Sr(1/3) + x Nb(2/3)−x) O3−(3/2)x (0.00 ≦ ≦ x ≦ 0.08) is measured in terms of oxygen partial pressure and temperature. The ionic conductivity of these compounds is due to the migration of the oxygen ions by a vacancy mechanism. The comparison between the niobates and the well known stabilized zirconia points to the same behaviour: at the same oxygen vacancy concentration, the experimental values of the conductivity and of the oxygen diffusion coefficient are of the same order of magnitude. For Sr(Sr1/3Nb2/3)O3 (x = 0.00) the main defect reaction is due to Schottky disorder. The enthalpy associated to the Schottky disorder is estimated to (4.0 ± 0.2) eV. The ionic transference number at minimum total conductivity is determined by e.m.f. measurements: 0.8 ≦ tion ≦ 0.9. Die Gesamtleitfähigkeit von Strontiumniobat mit der Zusammensetzung Sr(Sr(1/3) + x Nb(2/3)−x) · · O3−(3/2)x (0,00 ≦ x ≦ 0,08) wird als Funktion des Sauerstoffpartialdrucks und der Temperatur gemessen. Die Ionenleitung dieser Verbindungen wird durch die Wanderung von Sauerstoffionen in einem Leerstellenmechanismus verursacht. Ein Vergleich zwischen den Niobaten und der gutbekannten, stabilisierten Zirkonerde weist auf dasselbe Verhalten hin: bei derselben Sauerstoffleerstellenkonzentration sind die experimentellen Werte der Leitfähigkeit und des Sauerstoffdiffusionskoeffizienten von der gleichen Größenordnung. Für Sr(Sr1/3Nb2/3)O3 (x = 0,00) wird die hauptsächliche Defektreaktion durch Schottky-Fehlordnung verursacht. Die mit der Schottky-Fehlordnung verbundene Enthalpie wird zu (4,0 ± 0,2) eV bestimmt. Die Ionenüberführungszahl bei der minimalen Gesamtleitfähigkeit wird mittels EMK-Messung zu 0,8 ≦ tion ≦ 0,9 bestimmt.
Regulation of hematopoiesis through adhesion receptors (2001)

Normal steady-state hematopoiesis takes place in the bone marrow microenvironment. Soluble factors as well as contact interactions between the hematopoietic cells and the marrow microenvironment dictate the fate of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors. Over the last decade it has become clear that cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions through adhesion receptors play a major role in the hematopoietic process. They are required for the residence of stem cells and progenitors in the marrow, as well as for homing of stem and progenitor cells to the marrow in the setting of stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, adhesion receptors play an important role in regulation of cell behavior, either through direct activation of signal pathways important for cell survival, cell growth, and cell fate decision-making processes, or by modulating responses to growth factors. Insights in the abnormalities seen in these interactions in diseases of the hematopoietic system will help to develop better therapeutic strategies based on the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Application of Autocorrelation and Cross-correlation Analyses in Human Movement and Rehabilitation Research (2009)

Autocorrelation and crosscorrelation have been shown to be an effective tool for several different applications in the movement sciences. Examples of the method's utility include noise detection within a signal, determination of relative muscle activation onsets for postural control, objective quantification of muscle coactivation, and relating muscle activations with mechanical events.
Apoptosis in uterine epithelium and decidua in response to implantation: evidence for two different pathways (2003)

During the initial steps of implantation, the mouse uterine epithelium of the implantation chamber undergoes apoptosis in response to the interacting blastocyst. With progressing implantation, regression of the decidual cells allows a restricted and coordinated invasion of trophoblast cells into the maternal compartment. In order to investigate pathways of apoptosis in mouse uterine epithelium and decidua during early pregnancy (day 4.5-7.0 post coitum), we have investigated different proteins such as TNFalpha, TNF receptor1, Fas ligand, Fas receptor1, Bax and Bcl2 as well as caspase-9 and caspase-3 using immunohistochemistry. To detect cells undergoing apoptosis the Tunel assay was performed. Immunoreactivity for TNFalpha as well as for TNF receptor1 was observed exclusively in the epithelium of the implantation chamber and the adjacent luminal epithelium from day 4.5 post coitum onwards. In the developing decidua the Fas ligand, but not the Fas receptor, was expressed. Bax and Bcl2 revealed a complementary expression pattern with Bax in the primary and Bcl2 in the adjacent decidual zone. Strong immunolabelling for the initiator caspase-9 was restricted to the decidual compartment, whereas caspase-3 expression characterized the apoptotic uterine epithelium. Only some caspase-3 positive decidual cells were found around the embryo which correlated to the pattern of Tunel staining. Taken together, the apoptotic degeneration of the uterine epithelium seems to be mediated by TNF receptor1 followed by caspase-3, whereas the very moderate regression of the decidua did not show the investigated death receptor, but Bax and Blc2 instead and in addition caspase-9, which indicates a different regulation for epithelial versus decidual apoptosis.
Spontaneous mutation and parental age in humans. (1987)

A statistical analysis of parental age and the incidence of new mutation has been performed. Some new data on Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes is presented and combined with all available data from the literature on parental age and new mutation. Significant heterogeneity among syndromes for the rate of increase in incidence with parental age was found. A parsimonious conclusion is that mutations fall into two groups, one with a high rate of increase with age and the other with a low rate of increase with age. For the high-rate-of-increase group, a linear model relating incidence to age is rejected, while an exponential model is not. In addition, for this group, increased paternal age cannot account for the observed increase in maternal age--that is, increased maternal age also contributes to the incidence of new mutations. For the low-rate-of-increase group, increased paternal age alone can account for the observed increase in maternal ages; also, either a linear or exponential model is acceptable. In addition, there is no evidence for a mixture of parental age-independent cases with parental age-dependent cases for any of the syndromes examined. The curves reflecting incidence of new mutation and paternal age for two syndromes, Apert and neurofibromatosis, have an anomalous shape. In both cases the curve increases up to age 37 and drops at age 42 before increasing again at age 47. The usual explanation for the effect of parental age on new mutations is the mechanism of "copy-error" at mitotic division in male sperone that specifies an increased probability of mutation with time spent by a spermatozoon or ovum in a haploid state, a period of time that may also increase with age of the parent. A firm answer to the question of parental age and new mutation awaits identification of the molecular defect underlying some of these syndromes; we will then be in a position to determine in which parent the mutation occurred and at what age it did so.
SCI: Towards a Social Collaborative Integrated Development Environment (2009)

Software development teams face challenges communicating with each other. This paper presents the design of a social real-time collaborative IDE called SCI that unifies the concepts of social network and collaborative IDE. SCI integrates presence and activity awareness information and collaborative program development tools. Activity awareness information provides a sense of the presence of each team member: their activity on joint projects, technical interests, currently active sessions, and availability profile. The collaboration tools provide a wide range of facilities for synchronous and asynchronous collaboration and information sharing between team members.