gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 in Transcriptional Activation of Ceruloplasmin by Iron Deficiency (2000)

A role of the copper protein ceruloplasmin (Cp) in iron metabolism is suggested by its ferroxidase activity and by the tissue iron overload in hereditary Cp deficiency patients. In addition, plasma Cp increases markedly in several conditions of anemia, e.g. iron deficiency, hemorrhage, renal failure, sickle cell disease, pregnancy, and inflammation. However, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) involved. We have reported that iron chelators increase Cp mRNA expression and protein synthesis in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Furthermore, we have shown that the increase in Cp mRNA is due to increased rate of transcription. We here report the results of new studies designed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying transcriptional activation of Cp by iron deficiency. The 5'-flanking region of the Cp gene was cloned from a human genomic library. A 4774-base pair segment of the Cp promoter/enhancer driving a luciferase reporter was transfected into HepG2 or Hep3B cells. Iron deficiency or hypoxia increased luciferase activity by 5-10-fold compared with untreated cells. Examination of the sequence showed three pairs of consensus hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs). Deletion and mutation analysis showed that a single HRE was necessary and sufficient for gene activation. The involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) was shown by gel-shift and supershift experiments that showed HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta binding to a radiolabeled oligonucleotide containing the Cp promoter HRE. Furthermore, iron deficiency (and hypoxia) did not activate Cp gene expression in Hepa c4 hepatoma cells deficient in HIF-1beta, as shown functionally by the inactivity of a transfected Cp promoter-luciferase construct and by the failure of HIF-1 to bind the Cp HRE in nuclear extracts from these cells. These results are consistent with in vivo findings that iron deficiency increases plasma Cp and provides a molecular mechanism that may help to understand these observations.
Vanillic Acid Glycoside and Quinic Acid Derivatives from Gardeniae Fructus (2006)

Bioassay-directed chromatographic fractionation of an ethyl acetate extract of Gardenia jasminoides (Gardeniae Fructus) afforded a new vanillic acid 4-O-beta-d-(6'-sinapoyl)glucopyranoside (1) and five new quinic acid derivatives, methyl 5-O-caffeoyl-3-O-sinapoylquinate (2), ethyl 5-O-caffeoyl-3-O-sinapoylquinate (3), methyl 5-O-caffeoyl-4-O-sinapoylquinate (4), ethyl 5-O-caffeoyl-4-O-sinapoylquinate (5), and methyl 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl-4-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl)glutaroylquinate (6), together with three known quinic acid derivatives, two flavonoids, two iridoids, and two phenolic compounds. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by the aid of spectroscopic methods. These compounds were assessed for antioxidant activity using three different cell-free bioassay systems and for HIV-1 integrase inhibitory activity. Five new quinic acid derivatives showed potent DPPH radical scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. These new quinic acid derivatives also exhibited HIV-1 integrase inhibitory activity.
Das erste Titanat mit „Stuffed Pyrgoms”: RbNa<sub>3</sub>Li<sub>12</sub>[TiO<sub>4</sub>]<sub>4</sub> = RbNa<sub>3</sub>Li<sub>8</sub>{Li[TiO<sub>4</sub>]}<sub>4</sub> (1994)

Abstract Durch Tempern eines innigen Gemenges der binären Oxide Rb 2 O, Na 2 O, Li 2 O und TiO 2 [Rb:Na:Li:Ti = 1,1:3,1:12,5:4,0; 780°C, 41 d] wurde RbNa 3 Li 8 {Li[TiO 4 ]} 4 in Form von farblosen Plättchen erhalten. Das erste Titanat mit „stuffed pyrgoms”︁ ist isotyp zu RbNa 3 Li 8 {Li[SiO 4 ]} 4 , CsKNa 2 Li 8 {Li[SiO 4 ]} 4 und CsKNaLi 9 {Li[SiO 4 ]} 4 [2]. Die Verbindung kristallisiert tetragonal I 4/ m mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 1 125,8(1) pm und c = 652,4(1) pm (Guinier‐Simon‐Daten, Z = 2). Die Struktur wurde mit Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten (Siemens AED2, 657I o ( hkl ), MoK ) aufgeklärt und führte zu den Residualwerten R = 3,7% und R w = 3,1% (weitere Daten siehe Text). Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie (MAPLE), Effektive Koordinationszahlen (ECoN), Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien (MEFIR) sowie die Ladungsverteilung (CHARDI) werden berechnet und diskutiert.
The human <i>beta</i>  2-microglobulin gene. Primary structure and definition of the transcriptional unit. (1987)

The human genomic clone pb2m13 contains a functional beta 2-microglobulin (B2m) gene, which upon transfection is readily expressed in murine fibroblasts. Here we report the nucleotide sequence of the human beta 2m gene and of a nearly full length cDNA clone. A comparison with the murine beta 2m gene reveals that exon/intron boundaries are absolutely conserved. In the protein-coding regions the similarity is 70%. As far as intron sequences of the murine beta 2m gene are available, no significant similarity between human and murine genes is observed. The transcriptional start site of the human beta 2m gene was determined by S1 mapping, and comparison with the nearly full length cDNA clone now defines the transcriptional unit of the beta 2m gene. In the 5' region of the gene strong clustering of the usually underrepresented CpG dinucleotide is found resembling a similar overrepresentation in the 5' regions of the major histocompatibility complex class I genes.
MEASUREMENT OF CELL LYSIS BY LIGHT SCATTERING (1985)

Abstract— A method is presented which is capable of continuously monitoring the degree of hemolysis in erythrocyte suspensions too dilute to be monitored by conventional light transmission techniques. Scattered light is used to non‐destructively assess hemolysis in sparse monolayers which are particularly well suited to many photohemolytic studies. The small angle scattering (<10°), measured here, shows a transient decline as cells settle in a culture dish and then is constant if no lysis occurs. Lysis is indicated by a decrease in scattered light to < 20% of initial intensity when lysis is complete. The light used to monitor lysis is restricted to wavelengths longer than 700 nm which is outside the absorption band of many. photosensitizers of current interest, and is a wavelength range at which light scattering is relatively independent of changes in cell volume. In photohemolytic studies with phloxine B lysis values from light scattering are shown to correlate well with lysis values from hemoglobin release. An apparatus is described which is capable of periodically measuring lysis in eight suspensions without intervention by the experimenter.
A switching constant false alarm rate technique for high frequency surface wave radar (2004)

A novel constant false alarm rate (CFAR) technique is proposed as a near optimal solution for detection in mixed homogeneous and nonhomogeneous environments. This CFAR technique explores both the advantages of cell averaging CFAR and order statistics CFAR detectors. We introduce a criterion to derive a near-optimal target detector for high frequency surface wave radar. The effectiveness of the new technique is demonstrated by comparing its performance with traditional CFAR technique using data collected from the HFSWR network on the east coast of Canada.
Study of Air Bubble Formation for Wastewater Treatment (2011)

Aeration, a unit process in which air and water are brought into intimate contact, is an extremely important step in the process of wastewater treatment. The two most common systems of aeration are subsurface and mechanical. A mechanical system agitates the wastewater by various means (e.g. paddles, blades, or propellers) to introduce air from the atmosphere. Subsurface aeration is the release of air, in the form of bubbles, within the tank of wastewater to supply the microorganisms with the required amount of oxygen they need to metabolize and break down the organic material suspended in the wastewater. The bubbles of Air are released from the bottom of the wastewater tank through diffusers. These diffusers have a surface membrane, usually made of punched rubber, to create the fine bubbles with high oxygen transfer efficiency from supplied air to the diffusers. Since the energy crisis in the early 1970’s, there has been increased interest in these systems due to its high oxygen transfer efficiency. This paper covers experimentation of different air diffuser membranes, varying in material, used in the aeration process of wastewater treatment. Rubber, EPDM rubber (ethylene-propylene-diene Monomer) and PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene membranes coated membranes were tested. Experimental results showed that the rubber membrane produced the smallest bubble size against expectation. This could be a result of the coating being on the top surface only and the bubble starts from inside the punch.
A convergence scheme for over-erased flash EEPROM's using substrate-bias-enhanced hot electron injection (1995)

A novel convergence scheme using substrate-bias-enhanced hot electron injection is proposed to tighten the cell threshold voltage distribution after erasure for stacked gate flash EEPROM's. By lowering the drain voltage and increasing the magnitude of the negative substrate bias voltage, the substrate current is reduced but the hot electron gate current is enhanced significantly, and the convergence time is shown to be more than a hundred times shorter than the previous scheme. With the convergence operation performed near the ON-OFF transition region of the cells, the total drain current for all the converged cells is reduced and low power consumption is achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recompression of pulses broadened by transmission through 10 km of non-dispersion-shifted fiber at 1.55 μm using 40-mm-long optical fiber Bragg gratings with tunable chirp and central wavelength (1995)

A 40-mm-long fiber Bragg grating with both tunable chirp and central wavelength is used to recompress pulses broadened by transmission through 10.0 km of non-dispersion-shifted fiber at 1.542 μm. 4.0-ps transform-limited pulses having an optical bandwidth of greater than 1 nm were broadened to 230 ps, and recompressed to 12 ps, showing compensation of 95% of the fiber dispersion.
Superantigen Profile of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Isolates from Patients with Steroid‐Resistant Atopic Dermatitis (2008)

S. aureus isolates from patients with steroid-resistant atopic dermatitis appear to be selected on the basis of greater production of superantigens, compared with that of isolates from control groups. Superantigens may offer selective advantages for colonization of patients.
Studies on the monoclinic and hexagonal modifications of isotactic polypropylene (2008)

Pure isotactic polypropylene, which is isothermally crystallized from the melt in the temperature range between 0°C and 140°C, displays only the monoclinic α-modification whereas samples which contain a nucleating agent exhibit the α-modification as well as the hexagonal β-modifications for crystallization temperatures ranging from 0°C to 130°C. It is possible to determine the equilibrium melting points and the surface free energies of both modifications, using combined structural and thermal studies. The β-modification is found to be metastable with respect to the α-modification. The melting and recrystallization behavior of both modifications differs strongly. A method is discussed by which the relative amount of the two modifications can be determined on the basis of wide angle X-ray diffraction.
Facile Oxidation of Aldehydes to Acids and Esters with Oxone (2003)

[reaction: see text] A highly efficient, mild, and simple protocol is presented for the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids utilizing Oxone as the sole oxidant. Direct conversion of aldehydes in alcoholic solvents to their corresponding ester products is also reported. These reactions may prove to be valuable alternatives to traditional metal-mediated oxidations.
Evaluation of the PLATO IV computer-based education system in the community college (1978)

The following is
Stresses in Pt/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Pt thin-film stacks for integrated ferroelectric capacitors (1995)

A study of the stresses in a ferroelectric capacitor stack deposited on an oxidized silicon substrate is presented. The capacitor stack was prepared with sputtered Pt bottom and top electrodes and a ferroelectric film of composition PbZrxTi1−xO3 (PZT) with x≊0.5 which was deposited using a modified sol-gel technique. The stresses were determined by the changes in the radius of curvature of the wafer following the deposition steps, during and after annealing treatments, and after etching steps in which the top electrode, the PZT film, and the bottom electrode were successively removed. The largest stress effects are found in the Pt electrodes which are deposited under conditions giving an intrinsic compressive stress. An annealing treatment exceeding 500 °C changed the stress of the bottom electrode from ≊−750 MPa (compressive) to a large tensile stress (≊1 GPa). This stress is largely thermal and is caused by the differences in thermal-expansion coefficients of the Pt film and the Si substrate. The stress of the PZT film is numerically relatively small (below ≊200 Mpa) and it is found to be of both thermal and intrinsic origin. The deposition and annealing of the top electrode has a profound influence on the stress of the PZT film as well as on the electrical properties. The stress behavior of the as-deposited PZT film shows a poling direction mainly in the plane of the substrate. An annealing of the complete capacitor stack changes the poling direction of the ferroelectric film to be perpendicular to the substrate. This explains the observed electrical switching properties of as-prepared as well as annealed ferroelectric capacitors.
Effects of Feed Restriction on Production Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Koekoek Chickens in Ethiopia (2016)

This study was conducted to examine the effects of feed restriction on production performance as well as traits relating to egg and carcass yield in Potchefstroom Koekoek dual purpose chicken bred under Ethiopian conditions. A total of 240 one-day-old dual purpose Koekoek chicks were randomly distributed into 12 experimental pens, representing 4 feeding treatments to evaluate the performance of chicks on body weight and age at onset of laying eggs (AOLE), egg quality, and carcass parameters. Treatments were control (unrestricted feed), R7-28 (restricted feed at 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25 and 28 days of age), R35-56 (restricted feed at 35, 38, 41, 44, 47, 50, 53 and 56 days of age) and R63-84 (restricted feed at 63, 66, 69, 72, 75, 78, 81 and 84 days of age) groups. The results showed a significant difference between the control and R63-84 group's birds in both daily and total feed consumption (P < 0.05). There was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in body weight at the end of the starter period, where R63-84 group's birds had a heavier body weight and body weight gain than R7-28 and R35-56 groups' birds, but not control birds. Yolk diameter was significantly lower in R35-56 group than R7-28 and R63-84 groups (P < 0.05). Feed restriction also did not affect slaughter and dressed weight, but the eviscerated weight was significantly lower in R35-56 and R63-84 groups than control (P < 0.05). Feed restriction was associated with production costs of the treatments, and the feeding regime of R63-84 group significantly decreased the amount of feed consumed by birds (P < 0.05). Thus, feed restriction during 63 to 84 days of age (R63-84 group) can be useful because of improving the production profitability of rearing chicks without affecting the AOLE, body weight at AOLE, egg weight, and carcass parameters.
<i>Research Notes</i>The Persistence of Engineered<i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>in Agroinfected Plants (1993)

Several plant species, including tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), Gynura aurantiaca, avocado (Persea americana), and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) grafted on Troyer citrange (Poncirus trifoliata x C. sinensis) were "agro-infected" with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA-4404, carrying a mini-Ti plasmid with a dimeric cDNA of citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd). Extracts prepared from tissues of the agroinfected plants 38-90 days after inoculation were plated on selective media and found to contain large amounts of the engineered bacteria. These observations suggest the need for more stringent quarantine measures when handling A. tumefaciens cells harboring constructs for "agroinoculation" with plant viruses or viroids.
Reduction of the bacterial load by the silver-coated endotracheal tube (SCET), a laboratory investigation (1999)

Microaspiration enabled by high-volume-low-pressure cuffed endotracheal tubes is the most likely explanation for ventilator-associated pneumonia. To decontaminate the secretion at the proximal end ...
Using steam explosion or AFEX™ to produce animal feeds and biofuel feedstocks in a biorefinery based on sugarcane residues (2018)

Abstract Sustainable integration of biofuel (primarily bioethanol) and highly digestible livestock feed in production systems is a potential way to increase the economic returns to agriculture and simultaneously promote energy security, particularly in developing countries. In this work we evaluated the efficacy of steam explosion (StEx) and ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX™) as potential processes for improving the in vitro rumen digestibility, metabolizable energy, and ethanol yields from sugarcane crop residues (bagasse and cane leaf matter, CLM). Ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment enhanced the in vitro true digestibility and metabolizable energy content of sugarcane crop residues by 69% and 26%, respectively compared to untreated controls. On the other hand, StEx increased the true digestibility and metabolizable energy content of the sugarcane residues by 54% and 7%, respectively. Ammonia fiber expansion also increased the total nitrogen content of both sugarcane bagasse and CLM to more than 20.2 g kg −1 dry forage, a more than 230% improvement relative to untreated controls. High solid‐loading enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of StEx‐ and AFEX™‐pretreated sugarcane crop residues generated yields of up to 3368 and 4360 L of ethanol per hectare of sugarcane cultivated, respectively, at a biomass‐degrading enzyme dosage of 20 mg protein per gram glucan. This research strongly suggests that the use of suitably pretreated sugarcane crop residues in integrated sugarcane biofuel‐livestock production systems can increase the total per hectare agricultural output without increasing the area of sugarcane cultivated. In effect, this integrated approach promotes more sustainable biofuel production and increased food production while avoiding the potential for indirect land use change. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Irradiation performance of rare earth and nanoparticle enhanced high temperature superconducting films based on YBCO (2016)

The new series of commercially produced high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes based on the YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) structure have attracted renewed attention for their performance under applied magnetic fields without significant loss in supercurrent compared to the earlier generation of conductors. This adaptability is achieved through rare earth substitution and dopants resulting in the formation of nanoparticles and extended defects within the superconducting film matrix. The electrical performance of Zr-(Gdx,Y1−x)Ba2Cu3O7 and (Y1−x,Dyx)Ba2Cu3O7 coated conductor tapes were tested prior to and after neutron exposures between 6.54×1017 and 7.00×1018 n/cm2 (E > 0.1MeV). Results showed a decrease in superconducting current with neutron irradiation for the range of fluences tested, with losses in the Zr-(Gdx,Y1−x)Ba2Cu3O7 conductor being more rapid. Post-irradiation testing was limited to evaluation at 77K and applied fields of up to 0.5Tesla, and therefore testing at lower temperatures and higher applied fields may result in improved superconducting properties as shown in previous ion irradiation work. Under the conditions tested, the doped conductors showed a loss in critical current at fluences lower than that of undoped YBa2Cu3O7 tapes reported on in literature.
Digital camera connectivity solutions using the picture transfer protocol (PTP) (2002)

Interconnectivity of digital camera with other devices is one of the main concerns of consumers and digital camera manufacturers. Interconnectivity features in digital cameras allow more consumer-friendly usage of digital cameras. Moreover, with a suitable application layer software, digital photographs can be sent directly from the camera to a desired target: disk storage, printer, Web site, as an e-mail message or Web print, using a single, purpose-designed, communication protocol: the picture transfer protocol, PTP.
Optical and electronic properties of post-annealed ZnO:Al thin films (2010)

This study examined the optical and electronic properties of post-annealed Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) thin films. The lowest resistivity was observed after annealing a sputter-deposited ZnO:Al film at 350 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a ∼0.4 eV shift in the Fermi level when the carrier concentration was increased to 1.6×1020 cm−3 by Al doping and annealing. The optical band gap increased from 3.2 eV for insulating ZnO to 3.4 eV for conducting ZnO:Al, and was associated with conduction-band filling up to ∼0.4 eV in a renormalized band gap. Schematic band diagrams are shown for the ZnO and ZnO:Al films.
Simulation, calibration and off‐line programming (1994)

A report from a meeting of the Institution of Electrical Engineers at which the problem was considered of the shortfall between robot simulation in the design office and the reality of the robot in operation on factory floor Discusses the importance of cell calibration if Off‐line programming is to be effective and the need for more accurate programming with modules that precisely simulate the motion behaviour of robots.
Real-time teleprotection testing using IP/MPLS over xDSL (2013)

Teleprotection for power systems is safety-critical and has demanding requirements for bandwidth, low latency, and low jitter. Traditionally, time-division multiplexing (TDM) using SONET/SDH circuits has been used to provide this quality of service. Modern packet-based networks offer several advantages, such as improved flexibility and greater bandwidth efficiency. With IP/MPLS, packet-based networks can cater for teleprotection functionality. This report demonstrates the potential for commercially-available IP/MPLS hardware to provide teleprotection functionality over two DSL technologies, VDSL and SHDSL. A real-time hardware in the loop environment has been developed to test these schemes under a variety of scenarios, which are indicative of real-world conditions. Commercially-available protection relays were used to implement C37.94-based communications, and the stability of the protection functions were monitored closely during the testing. The results highlight the maximum DSL line distance and the remaining bandwidth (after provisioning for the teleprotection) which can be achieved, whilst observing a 6 ms propagation delay restriction. VDSL is only suitable for links up to approximately 1.4 km, although it can deliver relatively high bandwidth of 4-19 Mbps, depending on the line distance. SHDSL can support up to 4-5 km per span. Distances of approximately 4.3 km offer a good compromise of distance, delay, and remaining bandwidth. Using two serially-connected SHDSL spans is beneficial: it can support either longer distances, or provide greater spare bandwidth. The number of C37.94 slots used for teleprotection should be greater than 4, where possible, to help reduce the propagation delay. Each DSL modem type “favours” particular MPLS payload sizes, and these values provide the best compromises in connection distance, delay, and remaining bandwidth – as well as ensuring that the protection scheme remains stable.