gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
pp32 overexpression induces nuclear pleomorphism in rat prostatic carcinoma cells (1996)

Nuclear pleomorphism is an important diagnostic factor in tumour pathology. Traditionally, nuclear pleomorphism is evaluated qualitatively or semiquantitatively, often as a component of tumour grade; the molecular basis of nuclear pleomorphism, however, remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the quantitative effects on nuclear morphology of overexpressing pp32, a recently described nuclear phosphoprotein highly expressed in self-renewing and neoplastic cell populations. Assessment of Feulgen-stained transfected and control lines of AT3.1, a rat prostatic carcinoma cell line, using a computerized Cellular Image Analysis System (BD CAS-200) showed that stable overexpression of human pp32 in AT3.1 cells is accompanied by marked increases in the coefficient of variation of nuclear shape, nuclear size and chromatin textures but not in DNA content. In contrast, stable transfection with control vector, with ras, or with bcl-2 failed to affect nuclear morphology. Cell cycle analysis further showed that pp32-related increases in variation of nuclear structure manifested principally in G1. These studies suggest that pp32 plays a role either directly or indirectly in the control of nuclear shape of G1 cells.
Design of compact chip antenna for UWB applications (2009)

This article describes a compact chip antenna for UWB applications. The inclined slot is inserted on the rectangular radiating patch of the UWB chip antenna. From experimental results, the measured impedance bandwidth of the antenna (defined by −6dB return loss) is 2GHz (3–5GHz). Also, the proposed antenna exhibits good radiation patterns with small gain variation (2.5–3.5 dBi) in the operating frequency band. Details of the proposed antenna design and the simulated and measured results are presented and discussed.
Magnetic shape memory effect in an antiferromagnetic γ-Mn-Fe(Cu) alloy (2005)

A magnetic shape memory effect occurring in a polycrystalline antiferromagnetic Mn85.5Fe9.5Cu5.0 (at. %) alloy is reported. The results show that because of a strong coupling between the antiferromagnetic transition and the fcc→fct martensitic transformation with (101) twinning in the alloy, its martensitic transformation start temperature (MS) and reverse transformation temperature (Af) are close to each other and almost coincide with the antiferromagnetic transition temperature (TN). Being driven by an applied magnetic field of ∼10kOe, the recoverable magnetic-field-induced strains reach to −4.8×10−4(ε‖) and +3.0×10−4(ε⊥) in the directions parallel and transverse to the field, respectively, indicating a type of magnetic shape memory material, based on a Mn-rich Mn-Fe composition, which is different from existing ferromagnetic alloys.
Some numerical results based on the theory of radio wave propagation over inhomogeneous earth (1964)

Scveral numerical examples are presented to show thc prcdominant features of radio wave propagation over an inhomogeneo us earth . These are based on the tllCories d eriv ed previously [Furutsu, 1957a[Furutsu, , 1957b[Furutsu, , 1959[Furutsu, , 1963] ] in which the h eight and also the elect rical properties of the earth's surface were assumed to change disco ntinuously several times along the wave path; thus, t he terrain represented could include ridges, cliffs, blufJ"s at a coastli ne, ete. Th e theory is briefly reviewed, and num erical res ults are prese nted for the spherical earth approximation and are compared to those for t he flat eart ll approximation. For a p e rfectly conducting flat earth , there a re well-known formu las available in t erms of t he Fresnel integral, and the sphe rical earth results are compared to those obtain ed using these formulas to show the agreeme nt at short distances. A few interesting phenom e na are also illustrated, such as the obstacle gain d uc to a ridge on a lossy g round and the variation of fi eld strength causcd by a change of receiver (or transmitter) height when the wa ve is propagated over a mixed path. Finally, set s of graphs are a lso in clu dC'cl to aid in evaluating the effects of a ridge or a cliff on a homogeneous earth ; they can be used when the propagation distances are suffic iently large 011 each sid e of t he rid ge or clifr.
Temperature dependence of spectral linewidths and lineshifts of Nd3+ ions in CaY2Mg2Ge3O12 laser crystal (1994)

We have investigated the widths and shifts of the luminescence 4F3/2→4I9/2 line at 940 nm (R1→Z5) and of the 4F3/2→4I11/2 line at 1046 nm (R2→Y1) in the laser crystal CaY2Mg2Ge3O12:Nd3+,Cr3+ from 78 to 300 K. The linewidths are over 20 cm−1. The R2→Y1 line position was found to shift to a longer wavelength and the R1→Z5 to a shorter wavelength with increasing temperature. The results on the thermal line broadening and shifts are compared with the existing theory which uses a simplified ion-phonon interaction as a perturbation and assumes a Debye phonon distribution for the solid.
Immobilization of Bioactive Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 into Cubic Proteinous Microcrystals (Bombyx mori Cypovirus Polyhedra) That Are Insoluble in a Physiological Cellular Environment (2007)

The supramolecular architecture of the extracellular matrix and the disposition of its specific accessory molecules give rise to variable heterotopic signaling cues for single cells. Here we have described the successful occlusion of human fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) into the cubic inclusion bodies (FGF-2 polyhedra) of the Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV). The polyhedra are proteinous cubic crystals of several microns in size that are insoluble in the extracellular milieu. Purified FGF-2 polyhedra were found to stimulate proliferation and phosphorylation of p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase in cultured fibroblasts. Moreover, cellular responses were blocked by a synthetic inhibitor of the FGF signaling pathway, SU5402, suggesting that FGF-2 polyhedra indeed act through FGF receptors. Furthermore, FGF-2 polyhedra retained potent growth stimulatory properties even after desiccation. We have demonstrated that BmCPV polyhedra microcrystals that occlude extracellular signaling proteins are a novel and versatile tool that can be employed to analyze cellular behavior at the single cell level.
PREDICTING SENSORY COHESIVENESS, HARDNESS AND SPRINGINESS OF SOLID FOODS FROM INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENTS (2008)

ABSTRACT The sensory evaluation of cohesiveness, hardness and springiness of 15 solid food samples was performed by eight trained assessors. The rheologic response of the 15 samples was estimated by performing cyclic compression tests and stress–relaxation tests. From the force–deformation curves of the first two cycles of the compression test, texture profile analysis parameters related to cohesiveness, hardness and springiness were calculated. Young's modulus ( E ), strain ( d i ) and stress ( s i ) at peak as well as irrecoverable strain ( r i ) and irrecoverable work ( L i ) were monitored during the first five cycles. From the stress–relaxation response, Peleg's linearization model parameters, K 1 and K 2 , were estimated by best‐fit regression. These parameters were used for predicting sensory attributes. Hardness and springiness were both accurately predicted by rheologic properties, while cohesiveness prediction was less representative. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This study contributes to enhance the knowledge in the research area of sensory instrumental correlation. Also, the research allows to better understanding that no single instrument is able to measure all texture attributes adequately. In fact, the results demonstrate that both stress–relaxation and cyclic compression tests need to be performed for the correct prediction of sensory responses.
The neuroprotective agent SR 57746A abrogates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and impairs associated blood–brain barrier disruption: Implications for multiple sclerosis treatment (1999)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T cell autoimmune disorder that is a widely used animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS) and, as in MS, clinical signs of EAE are associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. SR 57746A, a nonpeptide drug without classical immunosuppressive properties, efficiently protected the BBB and impaired intrathecal IgG synthesis (two conventional markers of MS exacerbation) and consequently suppressed EAE clinical signs. This compound inhibited EAE-induced spinal cord mononuclear cell invasion and normalized tumor necrosis factor alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA expression within the spinal cord. These data suggested that pharmacological intervention aimed at inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine expression within the central nervous system provided protection against BBB disruption, the first clinical sign of EAE and probably the key point of acute MS attacks. This finding could lead to the development of a new class of compounds for oral therapy of MS, as a supplement to immunosuppressive agents.
Continuous-variable quantum key distribution with 1 Mbps secure key rate (2015)

We report the first continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) experiment to enable the creation of 1 Mbps secure key rate over 25 km standard telecom fiber in a coarse wavelength division multiplexers (CWDM) environment. The result is achieved with two major technological advances: the use of a 1 GHz shot-noise-limited homodyne detector and the implementation of a 50 MHz clock system. The excess noise due to noise photons from local oscillator and classical data channels in CWDM is controlled effectively. We note that the experimental verification of high-bit-rate CVQKD in the multiplexing environment is a significant step closer toward large-scale deployment in fiber networks.
Splenorenal Reflex Regulation of Arterial Pressure (2001)

During the course of our studies into the control of fluid extravasation from the splenic vasculature, we found that intrasplenic inhibition of NO biosynthesis caused an increase in systemic blood pressure. The present experiments were designed to investigate the mechanisms underlying this novel observation. There was an increase in mean arterial pressure when the nonspecific NO inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) was infused via the splenic artery but not when the same dose was administered systemically. Conversely, blood pressure decreased after intrasplenic but not systemic administration of the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine. There was no pressor response to intrasplenic administration of either the inducible or neuronal NO synthase inhibitors N-[3-(aminomethyl)-benzyl] aceramidine and L-N(5)-(1-imino-3-butenyl)-ornithine. The pressor response to L-NMMA was abolished by denervation of either the spleen or the kidney and by pretreatment with the ACE inhibitor enalapril. We propose that the spleen influences systemic blood pressure through a reflex pathway comprising splenic afferent nerves and renal sympathetic control of renin release.
Single-Domain V<sub>H</sub> Antibody Fragments from a Phage Display Library (2003)

The interaction between antigens and antibodies can be viewed as a protein engineering system that was optimized by nature and is capable of recognizing any given molecular entity (antigen). Antigen recognition is conferred to the antibody by a limited number of hypervariable surface loops, differing in sequence and in length, which are connected to a conserved framework structure.
Prolactin in man: a tale of two promoters (2006)

The pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) is best known for its role in the regulation of lactation. Recent evidence furthermore indicates PRL is required for normal reproduction in rodents. Here, we report on the insertion of two transposon-like DNA sequences in the human prolactin gene, which together function as an alternative promoter directing extrapituitary PRL expression. Indeed, the transposable elements contain transcription factor binding sites that have been shown to mediate PRL transcription in human uterine decidualised endometrial cells and lymphocytes. We hypothesize that the transposon insertion event has resulted in divergent (pituitary versus extrapituitary) expression of prolactin in primates, and in differential actions of pituitary versus extrapituitary prolactin in lactation versus pregnancy respectively. Importantly, the TE insertion might provide a context for some of the conflicting results obtained in studies of PRL function in mice and man.
The Resistance Factor to<i>Plasmodium vivax</i>in Blacks (1976)

Duffy-blood-group-negative human erythrocytes, FyFy, are resistant to invasion in vitro by Plasmodium knowlesi. The FyFy genotype is found predominantly in African and American blacks, who are the only groups completely resistant to infection by P. vivax. To determine if the FyFy genotype is the vivax resistance factor, we performed blood typing on 11 black and six white volunteers who had been exposed to the bites of P. vivax-infected mosquitoes. Only the five FyFy blacks were resistant to erythrocytic infection; the remaining six blacks and all whites had the Duffy-positive determinants (Fya or Fyb or both) and had contracted malaria. We conclude that Duffy determinants (Fya or Fyb or both) on the erythrocyte surface are required for invasion of erythrocytes by vivax merozoites.
<i>S,S</i>-Dialkyl Dithiocarbonates as a Convenient Source of Alkanethiolate Anions in Phase-Transfer-Catalysis Systems: An Improved Synthesis of Organic Sulfides (1983)

La methode de synthese comprend deux etapes: dans la premiere, les anions alcanethiolates sont produits «in situ» par hydrolyse des S,S-dialkyldithiocarbonates et dans la seconde, les sulfures organiques sont produits par une reaction de deplacement SN2
Enantioselective Synthesis of <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric Spirobilactams via Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular Double <i>N</i>-Arylation (2009)

A Pd/BINAP-complex-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular double N-arylation of malonamides bearing 2-bromoarylmethyl groups furnished C2-symmetric spirobi(3,4-dihydro-2-quinolone) derivatives in up to 70% ee.
Spectral Analysis of Pulse Frequency Modulation in the Nervous Systems (1968)

Spectral analysis is one of the more important design and evaluation tools available to the communications engineer and it could also be a key to increased understanding of the nervous system. Some results of an analysis of the spectrum of the frequency modulated pulses of the nervous system show that 1) change in average pulse frequency is the likely information-carrying parameter of a neural pulse train, since distortion-free recovery of this variable is possible by simple low-pass filtering, and 2) phase relationships existing between signal components and distortion components of a neural pulse train imply unusual distortion attenuating properties of multiple or duplicate information channels. These results are discussed in light of some known nervous system structures.
Vasectomy in the United States, 1991. (1995)

This survey provides the first national estimates of the number and rate of vasectomies in the United States, as well as the first estimates of occlusion method used. Results confirm previous findings that urologists perform most vasectomies and that most vasectomies are performed with local anesthesia. Recommendations include the monitoring of vasectomy numbers and rates as well as demographic studies of men obtaining vasectomies.
Whole-genome sequence of an evolved Clostridium pasteurianum strain reveals Spo0A deficiency responsible for increased butanol production and superior growth (2015)

Solvent production in the absence of Spo0A shows C. pasteurianum differs in solvent-production regulation compared to other solventogenic Clostridium. Growth-associated butanol production shows C. pasteurianum to be an attractive option for further engineering as it may prove a better candidate for butanol production through continuous fermentation.
HVDC WITH VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTERS AND EXTRUDED CABLES FOR UP TO ±300 kV AND 1000 MW (2006)

SUMMARY VSC HVDC systems have a lot of interesting properties of which the most interesting is the possibility to make connections in or between networks by low weight extruded cables. These connections can be made at a cost that can even be comparable with overhead ac lines. In addition to full power flow control in both directions, the VSC HVDC systems can prevent fault propagation, increase low frequency stability, reduce network losses and increase voltage stability. These attractive features open interesting markets and applications where power shall be transported over long distances at large depths under demanding circumstances and where network stability, safety and reliability are of the highest priority. Today a maximum power handling of the system of at least 1000 MW at ±300 kV dc is attainable, thanks to synchronized development in four major technical areas: IGBT valves, DC cable system, main circuit of converter station and control system. This paper presents the development in those four areas. The VSC valves have increased current handling, lower losses, better cooling and more even voltage sharing so they may be built for drastically higher power rating than previously. A new larger presspack IGBT gives higher converter current handling. The cable system has been expanded in voltage and laying depth. Robust flexible and stiff joints have been developed for the polymeric extruded cables. Testing has proved 300 kVdc capability of the cable system and laying depth larger than 2000 m. The converter main circuit has been modified for greater simplicity, lower investment cost and lower losses. The control system has been developed to be more robust and have more control functionalities including black-start control which can provide full support during grid restoration processes.
yu mi dan bai fen de mei jie gong yi chu tan (2006)

以自备的玉米蛋白粉为原料,以水解度和酸溶氮得率为指标,通过对蛋白酶的水解条件的研究,确定了水解玉米蛋白的最佳用酶和酶解条件.试验表明,Alcalase蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶复合时水解效果最好,并得出Alcalase蛋白酶的最佳条件为55℃,反应体系PH值为9.0,底物浓度为5%,在反应2 h后灭酶并加入中性蛋白酶,调到中性蛋白酶的最佳条件,即pH值7.0,水解温度为52℃,总水解时间为5 h.
Tracking Dynamic Microvascular Changes during Healing after Complete Biopsy Punch on the Mouse Pinna Using Optical Microangiography (2013)

Optical microangiography (OMAG) and Doppler optical microangiography (DOMAG) are two non-invasive techniques capable of determining the tissue microstructural content, microvasculature angiography, and blood flow velocity and direction. These techniques were used to visualize the acute and chronic microvascular and tissue responses upon an injury in vivo. A tissue wound was induced using a 0.5 mm biopsy punch on a mouse pinna. The changes in the microangiography, blood flow velocity and direction were quantified for the acute (<30 min) wound response and the changes in the tissue structure and microangiography were determined for the chronic wound response (30 min-60 days). The initial wound triggered recruitment of peripheral capillaries, as well as redirection of main arterial and venous blood flow within 3 min. The complex vascular networks and new vessel formation were quantified during the chronic response using fractal dimension. The highest rate of wound closure occurred between days 8 and 22. The vessel tortuosity increased during this time suggesting angiogenesis. Taken together, these data signify that OMAG has the capability to track acute and chronic changes in blood flow, microangiography and structure during wound healing. The use of OMAG has great potential to improve our understanding of vascular and tissue responses to injury in order to develop more effective therapeutics.
Analysis of the Tem Mode Linearly Tapered Slot Antenna (1985)

The theoretical analysis of the radiation characteristics of the TEM mode Linearly Tapered Slot Antenna (LTSA) is presented. The theory presented is valid for antennas with air dielectric and forms the basis for analysis of the more popular dielectric-supported antennas. The method of analysis involves two steps. In the first step, the aperture distribution in the flared slot is determined. In the second step, the equivalent magnetic current in the slot is treated as radiating in the presence of a conducting half-plane and the far-field components are obtained. Detailed comparison with experiment is made and excellent agreement is obtained. Design curves for the variation of the 3 dB and 10 dB beamwidths as a function of the antenna length, with the flare angle as a parameter, are presented.
Yeast Two-Hybrid Screening for Proteins Interacting With the Anti-Apoptotic Protein A20 (2004)

The yeast two-hybrid system is a powerful technique for identifying proteins that interact with a specific protein of interest. The rationale of the yeast two-hybrid system relies on the physical separation of the DNA-binding domain from the transcriptional activation domain of several transcription factors. Therefore, the protein of interest (bait) is fused to a DNA-binding domain, and complimentary DNA (cDNA) library-encoded proteins are fused to a transcriptional activation domain. When a protein encoded by the cDNA library binds to the bait, both activities of the transcription factor are rejoined and transcription from a reporter gene is started. Here, we will give a comprehensive guide for the GAL4-based two-hybrid system, exemplified by the detection of binding partners for the zinc finger protein A20. The latter is an inducible cellular inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-dependent gene expression. Yeast two-hybrid screening with A20 as bait revealed several A20-binding proteins, including A20 itself, members of the 14-3-3 family, as well as three novel proteins ABIN-1, ABIN-2, and TXBP151. The latter protein was subsequently shown to mediate at least part of the anti-apoptotic activities of A20, whereas ABIN-1 and -2 are more likely to be involved in the NF-kappaB inhibitory effects of A20.
The association of statins and taxanes: an efficient combination trigger of cancer cell apoptosis (2012)

These results suggest that the association of lovastatin and docetaxel, or lovastatin alone, shows promise as plausible anticancer strategies, either as a direct therapeutic approach or following acquired P-glycoprotein-dependent resistance.
NGF and the local control of nerve terminal growth (1994)

It is generally believed that the mechanism of action of neurotrophic factors involves uptake of neurotrophic factor by nerve terminals and retrograde transport through the axon and back to the cell body where the factor exerts its neurotrophic effect. This view originated with the observation almost 20 years ago that nerve growth factor (NGF) is retrogradely transported by sympathetic axons, arriving intact at the neuronal cell bodies in sympathetic ganglia. However, experiments using compartmented cultures of rat sympathetic neurons have shown that neurite growth is a local response of neurites to NGF locally applied to them which does not directly involve mechanisms in the cell body. Recently, several NGF-related neurotrophins have been identified, and several unrelated molecules have been shown to act as neurotrophic or differentiation factors for a variety of types of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous systems. It has become clear that knowledge of the mechanisms of action of these factors will be crucial to understanding neurodegenerative diseases and the development of treatments as well as the means to repair or minimize neuronal damage after spinal injury. The concepts derived from work with NGF suggest that the site of exposure of a neuron to a neurotrophic factor is important in determining its response.