gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria, Bioenergetics and Excitotoxicity: New Therapeutic Targets in Perinatal Brain Injury (2017)

Injury to the fragile immature brain is implicated in the manifestation of long-term neurological disorders, including childhood disability such as cerebral palsy, learning disability and behavioral disorders. Advancements in perinatal practice and improved care mean the majority of infants suffering from perinatal brain injury will survive, with many subtle clinical symptoms going undiagnosed until later in life. Hypoxic-ischemia is the dominant cause of perinatal brain injury, and constitutes a significant socioeconomic burden to both developed and developing countries. Therapeutic hypothermia is the sole validated clinical intervention to perinatal asphyxia; however it is not always neuroprotective and its utility is limited to developed countries. There is an urgent need to better understand the molecular pathways underlying hypoxic-ischemic injury to identify new therapeutic targets in such a small but critical therapeutic window. Mitochondria are highly implicated following ischemic injury due to their roles as the powerhouse and main energy generators of the cell, as well as cell death processes. While the link between impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and secondary energy failure following loss of high-energy phosphates is well established after hypoxia-ischemia (HI), there is emerging evidence that the roles of mitochondria in disease extend far beyond this. Indeed, mitochondrial turnover, including processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, fission and mitophagy, affect recovery of neurons after injury and mitochondria are involved in the regulation of the innate immune response to inflammation. This review article will explore these mitochondrial pathways, and finally will summarize past and current efforts in targeting these pathways after hypoxic-ischemic injury, as a means of identifying new avenues for clinical intervention.
Targeting platelet-derived growth factor as a therapeutic approach in pulmonary fibrosis (2013)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and lethal lung disease characterized by the proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix. Since the prognosis of IPF is still poor, novel therapeutic modalities are strongly required. For this reason, to find molecular target for therapy of IPF is of much importance. The recent understanding of pathogenesis in IPF indicates the critical role of alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECII) and fibroblasts. Although the detailed mechanisms involved in IPF is still unclear, various profibrotic mediators which are produced by the injured AECII are thought to play a role in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis via stimulating fibroblasts. Among them, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is one of critical growth factors by stimulating the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. In this review, we discuss the role of PDGF in pulmonary fibrosis and the possibility as a therapeutic target for IPF.
O16 THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF THE 5-HT2A ANTAGONIST, MDL100,907, AND THE SELECTIVE 5-HT6 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, RO4368554, IN RAT MODELS OF PSYCHOSIS AND COGNITION (2005)

Hedley, L.1; Kamphuis, S.2; Secchi, R.1; Blokland, A.2; Martin, R.1; Bingham, S.1; Schreiber, R.1 Author Information
Feeding Deterrence and Contact Toxicity of<i> Stemona</i> AlkaloidsA Source of Potent Natural Insecticides (2002)

On the basis of chronic feeding bioassays with neonate larvae of Spodoptera littoralis reared on an artificial diet, the methanolic leaf and root extracts from Stemona collinsae displayed very high insect toxicity compared to those of two Aglaia species, a commercial Pyrethrum extract, and azadirachtin, whereas S. tuberosa extracts demonstrated low activity in roots and no activity in leaves. Beyond that, in leaf disk choice tests against fifth instar larvae, S. collinsae showed strong antifeedant activity, whereas S. tuberosa was characterized by remarkable repellency. The anti-insect properties of both species were based on pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepine alkaloids, from which didehydrostemofoline (asparagamine A) was the major compound of the roots of S. collinsae, exhibiting the highest toxicity in feeding assays. Saturation and hydroxylation of the side chain in the co-occurring stemofoline and 2'-hydroxystemofoline, respectively, led to an increasing loss of activity. Contact toxicity tests with stemofoline and didehydrostemofoline exhibited even higher activities than those of Pyrethrum extract. Tuberostemonine was the dominating alkaloid in the roots of S. tuberosa, showing outstanding repellency but no toxic effects.
The Incorporation of Phosphorus in Silicon Epitaxial Layer Growth (1974)

A study has been made of the mechanism governing the incorporation of phosphorus during epitaxial growth of silicon. Several possibilities are mentioned and it is shown that the position of the Fermi level in the solid and the equilibria in the gas phase determine the outcome of the experiment. When in is used as a dopant at the temperatures of interest, P, P2, P4, , and are present also. It is shown that there is a close correlation between the partial pressure of monoatomic P in the gas and the phosphorus concentration in the solid as long as intrinsic conditions apply. Only at high dopant concentration and low temperature does the influence of the position of the Fermi level become important.
A Molecular Model for Adsorption of Water on Activated Carbon:  Comparison of Simulation and Experiment (1998)

Experimental and molecular simulation results are presented for the adsorption of water onto activated carbons. The pore size distribution for the carbon studied was determined from nitrogen adsorption data using density functional theory, and the density of acidic and basic surface sites was found using Boehm and potentiometric titration. The total surface site density was 0.675 site/nm2. Water adsorption was measured for relative pressures P/P0 down to 10-3. A new molecular model for the water/activated carbon system is presented, which we term the effective single group model, and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations are reported for the range of pressures covered in the experiments. A comparison of these simulations with the experiments show generally good agreement, although some discrepancies are noted at very low pressures and also at high relative pressures. The differences at low pressure are attributed to the simplification of using a single surface group species, while those at high pressure are believed to arise from uncertainties in the pore size distribution. The simulation results throw new light on the adsorption mechanism for water at low pressures. The influence of varying both the density of surface sites and the size of the graphite microcrystals is studied using molecular simulation.
Substrate Specificity and Identification of Functional Groups of Homoserine Kinase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1996)

Homoserine kinase, an enzyme in the aspartate pathway of amino acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, catalyzes the conversion of L-homoserine to L-homoserine phosphate. This enzyme has been found to have broad substrate specificity, including the phosphorylation of L-homoserine analogs where the carboxyl functional group at the alpha-position has been replaced by an ester or by a hydroxymethyl group. Previous pH profile studies [Huo. X., & Viola, R. E. (1996) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 330, 373-379] and chemical modification studies have suggested the involvement of histidinyl, lysyl, and argininyl residues in the catalytic activity of the enzyme. With the assistance of sequence alignments, several potential amino acids have been targeted for examination. Site-directed mutagenesis studies have confirmed a role for arginine-234 in the binding of the carboxyl group of L-homoserine, and the involvement of two histidine at the homoserine binding site. Mutations at these sites have led to the decoupling of the kinase activity from an inherent ATPase activity in the enzyme, and suggest the presence of independent domains for the binding of each substrate in homoserine kinase.
Transition-Metal-Free Diarylannulated Sulfide and Selenide Construction via Radical/Anion-Mediated Sulfur–Iodine and Selenium–Iodine Exchange (2016)

A facile, straightforward protocol was established for diarylannulated sulfide and selenide construction through S-I and Se-I exchange without transition metal assistance. Elemental sulfur and selenium served as the chalcogen source. Diarylannulated sulfides were systematically achieved from a five- to eight-membered ring. A trisulfur radical anion was demonstrated as the initiator for this radical process via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study. OFET molecules [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) and [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzoselenophene (BTBS) were efficiently established.
Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference of vascular endothelial growth factor in monkey eyes with iris neovascularization. (2010)

Lentivirus-mediated RNAi of VEGF may be a new strategy to treat iris neovascularization, while further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effect.
Valhalla - distributed information architecture (2004)

We have designed a distributed open source framework that allows us to crawl, parse and index code and content. The embedded information retrieval system and the resulting search engine are independent from any single point of failure, central huh, sewer or database and allow the visualization and monitoring of site information architectures on any graphical operating system. The distributed Java clients, which are capable of communicating and self-organizing, replace the traditional server based search engines and employ several methods and technologies that allow the creation of a very efficient, fast, and fault tolerant system. Each client coordinates his tasks with other neighboring clients, retrieves the information, storm the result in a local database, and exchanges the preprocessed data and results with corresponding applications. The paper describes the structure, technology and scalability of our system, provides a performance evaluation. The paper will further describe the techno-political implications of our framework in an environment that is currently defined by political, commercial and security considerations. The framework we have designed is capable of circumventing these harriers. The paper will also discuss the incentive structures and advantages that our application provides not only to site owners hut also to users of our clients. Special attention will be devoted to performance and quality criteria of our framework compared with traditional information retrieval services.
Suppression of Th2 Cell Development by Notch Ligands Delta1 and Delta4 (2008)

Notch signaling plays important roles in Th cell activation. We show that in response to TLR ligation, dendritic cells up-regulate expression of Notch ligands Delta1 and Delta4 via a MyD88-dependent pathway. Expression of Delta1 or Delta4 by dendritic cells enhanced their ability to activate naive Th cells and promote Th1 cell development, and allowed them to strongly inhibit Th2 cell development. Promotion of Th1 cell development was dependent on IFN-gamma and T-bet expression by responding Th cells. However, the inhibition of Th2 cell development occurred independently of IFN-gamma or T-bet, and resulted from a block in IL-4-initiated commitment to the Th2 lineage. The promotion of Th1 cell development by Delta is not a reflection of the delivery of pro-Th1 instructional signal, but rather it is the result of a block in the downstream effects initiated by IL-4 signaling.
HAP1 positive control mutants specific for one of two binding sites. (1992)

The expression of the yeast CYC1 and CYC7 genes is controlled by the HAP1 activator. A GAL4-like zinc finger (residues 1-148) specifies binding to the dissimilar sites UAS1 (of CYC1) and CYC7, and an acidic domain (residues 1307-1483) is essential for activation of transcription. To analyze how HAP1 binds to UAS1 and CYC7, we performed saturation mutagenesis of the DNA-binding domain and recovered mutants with altered activity. Class 1 mutants had a reduced activity at both UAS1 and CYC7, and class 2 mutants selectively eliminated activity at CYC7. Surprisingly, several mutants of both classes exhibited wild-type DNA binding, indicating that they were specifically defective in activation. These positive control (PC) mutants alter residues that bracket the zinc finger. We explain these mutants in a model involving cofactor proteins that bind UAS1 and CYC7 along with HAP1. The existence of PC mutants that only affect activity at CYC7 raises the possibility that different cofactors may exist for UAS1 and CYC7.
Assessment of rhythmic entrainment at multiple timescales in dyslexia: Evidence for disruption to syllable timing (2013)

Developmental dyslexia is associated with rhythmic difficulties, including impaired perception of beat patterns in music and prosodic stress patterns in speech. Spoken prosodic rhythm is cued by slow (<10 Hz) fluctuations in speech signal amplitude. Impaired neural oscillatory tracking of these slow amplitude modulation (AM) patterns is one plausible source of impaired rhythm tracking in dyslexia. Here, we characterise the temporal profile of the dyslexic rhythm deficit by examining rhythmic entrainment at multiple speech timescales. Adult dyslexic participants completed two experiments aimed at testing the perception and production of speech rhythm. In the perception task, participants tapped along to the beat of 4 metrically-regular nursery rhyme sentences. In the production task, participants produced the same 4 sentences in time to a metronome beat. Rhythmic entrainment was assessed using both traditional rhythmic indices and a novel AM-based measure, which utilised 3 dominant AM timescales in the speech signal each associated with a different phonological grain-sized unit (0.9-2.5 Hz, prosodic stress; 2.5-12 Hz, syllables; 12-40 Hz, phonemes). The AM-based measure revealed atypical rhythmic entrainment by dyslexic participants to syllable patterns in speech, in perception and production. In the perception task, both groups showed equally strong phase-locking to Syllable AM patterns, but dyslexic responses were entrained to a significantly earlier oscillatory phase angle than controls. In the production task, dyslexic utterances showed shorter syllable intervals, and differences in Syllable:Phoneme AM cross-frequency synchronisation. Our data support the view that rhythmic entrainment at slow (∼5 Hz, Syllable) rates is atypical in dyslexia, suggesting that neural mechanisms for syllable perception and production may also be atypical. These syllable timing deficits could contribute to the atypical development of phonological representations for spoken words, the central cognitive characteristic of developmental dyslexia across languages.
An Intelligent Cooperative Visual Sensor Network for Urban Mobility (2017)

Smart cities are demanding solutions for improved traffic efficiency, in order to guarantee optimal access to mobility resources available in urban areas. Intelligent video analytics deployed directly on board embedded sensors offers great opportunities to gather highly informative data about traffic and transport, allowing reconstruction of a real-time neat picture of urban mobility patterns. In this paper, we present a visual sensor network in which each node embeds computer vision logics for analyzing in real time urban traffic. The nodes in the network share their perceptions and build a global and comprehensive interpretation of the analyzed scenes in a cooperative and adaptive fashion. This is possible thanks to an especially designed Internet of Things (IoT) compliant middleware which encompasses in-network event composition as well as full support of Machine-2-Machine (M2M) communication mechanism. The potential of the proposed cooperative visual sensor network is shown with two sample applications in urban mobility connected to the estimation of vehicular flows and parking management. Besides providing detailed results of each key component of the proposed solution, the validity of the approach is demonstrated by extensive field tests that proved the suitability of the system in providing a scalable, adaptable and extensible data collection layer for managing and understanding mobility in smart cities.
Treatment of Infected Facial Implants (2016)

Alloplastic facial implants have a wide range of uses to achieve the appropriate facial contour. A variety of materials such as metals, polymers, ceramics and synthetic injectable fillers are available to the reconstructive and aesthetic surgeon. Besides choosing the right surgical technique and the adequate material, the surgeon must be prepared to treat complications. Infection is an uncommon but serious complication that can cause displeasing consequences for the patient. There are few references in literature regarding treatment and management of facial implant-related infections. This study aims to discuss the role of biofilm in predisposing alloplastic materials to infection, to provide a review of literature, to describe our own institutional experience, and to define a patient care pathway for facial implant-associated infection.
Programmable fiber Bragg gratings for spectral CDMA (2000)

Summary form only given.The employment of optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) offers high advantages in allocating bandwidth for bursty access networks, where wide bandwidth services are required. Many different optical CDMA implementations have been proposed. Spectral slicing appears an attractive technique because spectral data encoding provides a large number of simultaneous users and transparency to data format and bit-rate. CDMA realized by using a cascade of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) allows to combine all the advantages of spectral encoding with the compactness and robustness of a totally guiding structure without free-space architectures losses. In this paper we experiment on FBG technology in order to realize spectral CDMA with programmable encoding. The cascade of 8 FBGs is used in encoding/decoding operation: each grating can be tuned independently by means of piezoelectric elements in order to program the desired user code.
A method for <i>in situ</i> characterization of tip shape in ac-mode atomic force microscopy using electrostatic interaction (1998)

We present a method for in situ characterization of the tip shape in atomic force microscopes that can operate in noncontact ac mode. By sweeping the voltage between tip and sample while recording the sample position as it is regulated to give a constant force gradient, we obtain curves giving information about the tip geometry. The measurements were performed in ultrahigh vacuum using electrochemically etched tungsten tips against a surface of doped silicon. Our results show that the sphere model gives a good description of the interaction, and that the radii we obtain are consistent with data from scanning electron microscopy. The method can also be used to estimate the value of the Hamaker constant and the contact potential between tip and sample.
Indigenous Data Sovereignty in Higher Education: Towards a Decolonised Data Quality Framework. (2018)

In the Australian higher education sector, the challenges to successful engagement and retention experienced by Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander students and communities are considerable. They persist despite many well-intentioned attempts to address this issue and to strengthen equity in participation in the sector. Implicated in this is the absence of a culturally-informed data quality framework for the sector, and the resulting persistence of associated issues such as confusion with data ownership; consistency; standards; usage; and storage. In this paper we argue it is essential that rigorous inquiry be carried out into the type and nature of data required or sought in the higher education sector on, for and with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This inquiry must involve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander educators, researchers, evaluators and communities to bring into effect their aspirations for data sovereignty including stewardship and ownership of data, and for culturally beneficial outcomes relating to the use and application of data. It also mandates a collaborative approach with existing government and independent organisations, and Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers from higher education institutions, working together towards the development and implementation of an agreed-upon and decolonised Indigenous data framework for the sector.
Learning object models from graph templates (1997)

This paper describes a novel neural network (NN) based system for detecting rigid objects from their (2-D) gray-level image images. In this approach a labeled graph is employed to construct a template model for an object from the image region where the object is located. A novel network of NN (NoNN) is proposed to learn the examples of object model graph templates. The NoNN is composed of a set of subnetworks that are not connected to one another. The selected network topology improves the generalization of the classifier in terms of its Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension (VCdim). Each subnetwork is a network of multilayer perceptron neural network classifiers operating in parallel with the rest of the system. Each subnetwork is assigned to learn the label of one vertex of a graph. The detection scheme combines the decisions of the subnetworks to classify an image graph extracted from an input image block. This visual computational model is potentially useful for partial matching where the object is occluded. Performance of the system is tested in modeling and detection of human eye regions in face images with some degree of variation in the direction of pose.