gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Design of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Regasification Power Plant Integrated with Cryogenic Energy Storage System (2017)

Natural gas is transported in its liquid state over long distances and thus must be gasified before use. This study focused on the alternative use of cold energy in an LNG regasification power plant integrated with a cryogenic energy storage (LPCES) system that supports variation over time. Energy demands change over time; these dynamics must be considered to improve overall energy efficiency. During off-peak times, the LNG cold energy is stored in the cryogenic energy storage (CES) system. In contrast, during on-peak times, the stored cryogenic energy is released as electricity to meet higher energy demands. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed LPCES system, the total power used in the CES system was optimized and a thermodynamic analysis was conducted. In addition, a case study was performed to investigate the effect of the LPCES system with respect to an hourly reserve margin. The results indicated a 95.2% round-trip efficiency for the proposed LPCES system, which is higher than the efficiencies (up to 75%) offered by existing bulk power management systems using hydropower and compressed air.
Cyclosporin a Retention Enemas in Refractory Distal Ulcerative Colitis and ‘Pouchitis’ (1993)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of cyclosporin enemas in patients with distal ulcerative colitis and 'pouchitis' resistant to all conventional medical therapy. In an trial 12 patients with distal ulcerative colitis unresponsive to treatment with topical and oral corticosteroids, 5-aminosalicylic acid, and oral immunosuppressive therapy together with 1 patient with 'pouchitis' unresponsive to repeated courses of antibiotics, topical corticosteroids, and oral mesalazine received 250 mg cyclosporin administered daily as a retention enema. Changes in symptoms and the sigmoidoscopic/histologic appearances of the rectal mucosa were assessed at monthly intervals. Seven of 12 patients with ulcerative colitis improved. There was a strong correlation between clinical and histologic improvement (p < 0.005). Four of 12 patients showed no response. Three of these required colectomy, two of whom had more extensive disease than had previously been documented. The patient with pouchitis showed improvement in symptoms and 'pouchoscopy' appearance but not in histologic score. Cyclosporin blood concentrations were very low and side effects negligible. Cyclosporin A retention enemas are safe and may be useful in the treatment of severe refractory distal ulcerative colitis. A controlled trial would now seem warranted.
Microfabricated integrated sampler-injector (MISI) for micro gas chromatography (2011)

We present the design, fabrication, and preliminary performance testing of a microfabricated integrated sampler-injector (MISI) intended for use in a micro gas chromatography (μGC) system for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The MISI comprises a DRIE Si cavity with an integrated heater and temperature sensor that is packed with a graphitized carbon adsorbent and capped with a precision grid-patterned DRIE Si lid. Tapered inlet and outlet ports and fluidic interconnects facilitate pumped transfer of thermally desorbed vapors to downstream components for analysis. The MISI samples the air at a known rate by diffusion without active pumping, it preconcentrates VOCs, and then thermally desorbs the captured VOCs for injection to the separation column. Thus, it consumes no power during sampling. During desorption, the device can be heated from room temperature to 250°C in 230 ms with 1 W. The sampling rate of the device was determined to be 10.5 mL/min by thermal gravimetric analysis, in agreement with theory (Fickian diffusion). Upon exposure to 640 ppb of toluene and subsequent thermal desorption and analysis, the device yielded results within 18% of the predicted value.
Caffeoylquinic Acids in Centella asiatica Protect against Amyloid-β Toxicity (2014)

The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and is known to result in neurotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro. We previously demonstrated that treatment with the water extract of Centella asiatica (CAW) improves learning and memory deficits in Tg2576 mice, an animal model of Aβ accumulation. However the active compounds in CAW remain unknown. Here we used two in vitro models of Aβ toxicity to confirm this neuroprotective effect and identify several active constituents of the CAW extract. CAW reduced Aβ-induced cell death and attenuated Aβ-induced changes in tau expression and phosphorylation in both the MC65 and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. We confirmed and quantified the presence of several mono- and dicaffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) in CAW using chromatographic separation coupled to mass spectrometry and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Multiple dicaffeoylquinic acids showed efficacy in protecting MC65 cells against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity. Isochlorogenic acid A and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were found to be the most abundant CQAs in CAW, and the most active in protecting MC65 cells from Aβ-induced cell death. Both compounds showed neuroprotective activity in MC65 and SH-SY5Y cells at concentrations comparable to their levels in CAW. Each compound not only mitigated Aβ-induced cell death, but was able to attenuate Aβ-induced alterations in tau expression and phosphorylation in both cell lines, as seen with CAW. These data suggest that CQAs are active neuroprotective components in CAW, and therefore are important markers for future studies on CAW standardization, bioavailability, and dosing.
A roadmap for biocatalysis – functional and spatial orchestration of enzyme cascades (2016)

Advances in biological engineering and systems biology have provided new approaches and tools for the industrialization of biology. In the next decade, advanced biocatalytic systems will increasingly be used for the production of chemicals that cannot be made by current processes and/or where the use of enzyme catalysts is more resource efficient with a much reduced environmental impact. We expect that in the future, manufacture of chemicals and materials will utilize both biocatalytic and chemical synthesis synergistically. The realization of such advanced biomanufacturing processes currently faces a number of major challenges. Ready-to-deploy portfolios of biocatalysts for design to production must be created from biological diverse sources and through protein engineering. Robust and efficient multi-step enzymatic reaction cascades must be developed that can operate simultaneously in one-pot. For this to happen, bio-orthogonal strategies for spatial and temporal control of biocatalyst activities must be developed. Promising approaches and technologies are emerging that will eventually lead to the design of in vitro biocatalytic systems that mimic the metabolic pathways and networks of cellular systems which will be discussed in this roadmap.
Mass-conserved volumetric lattice Boltzmann method for complex flows with willfully moving boundaries (2014)

In this paper, we develop a mass-conserved volumetric lattice Boltzmann method (MCVLBM) for numerically solving fluid dynamics with willfully moving arbitrary boundaries. In MCVLBM, fluid particles are uniformly distributed in lattice cells and the lattice Boltzmann equations deal with the time evolution of the particle distribution function. By introducing a volumetric parameter P(x,y,z,t) defined as the occupation of solid volume in the cell, we distinguish three types of lattice cells in the simulation domain: solid cell (pure solid occupation, P=1), fluid cell (pure fluid occupation, P=0), and boundary cell (partial solid and partial fluid, 0<P<1). The formulation of volumetric lattice Boltzmann equations are self-regularized through P and consist of three parts: (1) collision taking into account the momentum exchange between the willfully moving boundary and the flow; (2) streaming accompanying a volumetric bounce-back procedure in boundary cells; and (3) boundary-induced volumetric fluid migration moving the residual fluid particles into the flow domain when the boundary swipes over a boundary cell toward a solid cell. The MCVLBM strictly satisfies mass conservation and can handle irregular boundary orientation and motion with respect to the mesh. Validation studies are carried out in four cases. The first is to simulate fluid dynamics in syringes focusing on how MCVLBM captures the underlying physics of flow driven by a willfully moving piston. The second and third cases are two-dimensional (2D) peristaltic flow and three-dimensional (3D) pipe flow, respectively. In each case, we compare the MCVLBM simulation result with the analytical solution and achieve quantitatively good agreements. The fourth case is to simulate blood flow in human aortic arteries with a very complicated irregular boundary. We study steady flow in two dimensions and unsteady flow via the pulsation of the cardiac cycle in three dimensions. In the 2D case, both vector (velocity) and scalar (pressure) fields are compared to computation results from a well-established Navier-Stokes solver and reasonably good agreements are obtained. In the 3D case, the unsteady flow pattern and wall shear stress are well captured at the representative time instants during the pulsation. The validations demonstrate that the MCVLBM is a relatively simple but reliable computation scheme to deal with static or moving irregular boundaries.
Methods of Analysis for Anhydrous Hydrofluoric Acid (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethods of Analysis for Anhydrous Hydrofluoric AcidW B. Sherry, C F. Swinehart, R A. Dunphy, and S C. OgburnCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1944, 16, 8, 483–486Publication Date (Print):August 19, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 August 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560132a001https://doi.org/10.1021/i560132a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Integrated phrase segmentation and alignment algorithm for statistical machine translation (2004)

We present an integrated phrase segmentation/alignment algorithm (ISA) for statistical machine translation. Without the need of building an initial word-to-word alignment or initially segmenting the monolingual text into phrases as other methods do, this algorithm segments the sentences into phrases and finds their alignments simultaneously. For each sentence pair, ISA builds a two-dimensional matrix to represent a sentence pair where the value of each cell corresponds to the point-wise mutual information (MI) between the source and target words. Based on the similarities of MI values among cells, we identify the aligned phrase pairs. Once all the phrase pairs are found, we know both how to segment one sentence into phrases and also the alignments between the source and target sentences. We use monolingual bigram language models to estimate the joint probabilities of the identified phrase pairs. The joint probabilities are then normalized to conditional probabilities, which are used by the decoder. Despite its simplicity, this approach yields phrase-to-phrase translations with significant higher precisions than our baseline system where phrase translations are extracted from the HMM word alignment. When we combine the phrase-to-phrase translations generated by this algorithm with the baseline system, the improvement on translation quality is even larger.
Silicon photonic WDM point-to-point network for multi-chip processor interconnects (2008)

We introduce a silicon photonic WDM point-to-point network enabled by novel optical proximity communications. This strictly non-blocking network provides scalable interconnectivity between chips low latency and high bisection bandwidth.
The Synthesis of [(Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>)<i><sub>x</sub></i>{(TiTe<sub>2</sub>)<i><sub>y</sub></i>}<sub>1.36</sub>] Superlattices from Modulated Elemental Reactants (2005)

A solid-state growth technique is described for the preparation of misfit layered compounds [(Bi2Te3)x{(TiTe2)y}1.36] from preconfigured reactants that provide independent control of both x and y. A procedure for optimizing the structure of the preconfigured amorphous reactants is presented demonstrating the importance of controlling both the composition and the absolute thicknesses of the component layers. Data are presented highlighting the effect of the diffusion distances of the preconfigured reactants on the kinetics of product formation.
Inflammatory Signals shift from adipose to liver during high fat feeding and influence the development of steatohepatitis in mice (2011)

Macrophage infiltration accompanied by severe inflammation and metabolic changes occurred in both adipose and liver tissues with a temporal shift in these signals depending upon the duration of HFC feeding. The evidences of gene expression profile, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, and histological data support a progression towards nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis in these HFC-fed mice within the time frame of 26 weeks.
On the Use of Fuzzy Modeling in Virtualized Data Center Management (2007)

One of the most important goals of data-center management is to reduce cost through efficient use of resources. Virtualization techniques provide the opportunity of carving individual physical servers into multiple virtual containers that can be run and managed separately. A key challenge that comes with virtualization is the simultaneous on-demand provisioning of shared resources to virtual containers and the management of their capacities to meet service quality targets at the least cost. This paper proposes a two-level resource management system with local controllers at the virtual-container level and a global controller at the resource-pool level. Autonomic resource allocation is realized through the interaction of the local and global controllers. A novelty of the controller designs is their use of fuzzy logic to efficiently and robustly deal with the complexity of the virtualized data center and the uncertainties of the dynamically changing workloads. Experimental results obtained through a prototype implementation demonstrate that, for the scenarios under consideration, the proposed resource management system can significantly reduce resource consumption while still achieving application performance targets.
Antiproliferative Effect of a Lectin- and Anti-Thy-1.2 Antibody-Targeted HPMA Copolymer-Bound Doxorubicin on Primary and Metastatic Human Colorectal Carcinoma and on Human Colorectal Carcinoma Transfected with the Mouse <i>Thy-1.2</i> Gene (2000)

The aim of this study was to compare the potential of two plant lectins [peanut agglutinin (PNA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)], monoclonal antibody (anti-Thy-1.2), its F(ab')(2) fragments, and galactosamine as targeting moieties bound to the polymer drug carrier to deliver a xenobiotic, doxorubicin, to selected cancer cell lines. We have used primary (SW 480, HT 29) and metastatic (SW 620) human colorectal cancer cell lines and a transfectant, genetically engineered SW 620 cell line with mouse gene Thy-1.2 (SW 620/T) to test the possibility of marking human cancer with xenogeneic mouse gene and use it for effective site-specific targeting. The targeting moieties and doxorubicin were conjugated to a water-soluble copolymer based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) acting as a carrier responsible for controlled intracellular release of the targeted drug. FACS analysis showed a strong binding of WGA-FITC to all tested cell lines. Binding of PNA-FITC was considerably weaker. The in vitro antiproliferative effect of lectin-targeted HPMA carrier-bound doxorubicin evaluated as [(3)H]TdR incorporation reflected both the intensity of the binding and the different sensitivity of the tested cancer cells lines to doxorubicin. The antiproliferative effect of conjugates targeted with WGA was comparable to that with the conjugates targeted with the anti-Thy-1.2 monoclonal antibody or their F(ab')(2) fragments. The magnitude of the cytotoxic effect of HPMA-doxorubicin targeted with PNA was lower in all tested cell lines. While the conjugates with WGA were more cytotoxic, the conjugates with PNA were more specific as their binding is limited to cancer cells and to the sites of inflammation. Noncytotoxic conjugates with a very low concentration of doxorubicin and targeted with PNA, anti-Thy-1.2, or their F(ab')(2) fragments exerted in some lines (SW 480, SW 620) low mitogenic activity. The Thy-1.2 gene-transfected SW 620 metastatic colorectal cancer cell line was sensitive to the antiproliferative effect of Thy-1.2-targeted doxorubicin as was shown for the Thy-1. 2(+) EL4 cell line and for Thy-1.2(+) concanavalin A-stimulated mouse T lymphocytes. These results represent the first indication of the suitability of transfection of human cancer cells with selected targeting genes for site-specific therapy of malignancies.
Raman scattering characterization of titanium silicide formation (1989)

Raman scattering is used to probe the reactions at the interface of Ti and Si. Different titanium-silicide and titanium-oxide spectral signatures which can be used to characterize the thin-film are observed. In addition, the Raman spectrum of metallic Ti deposited on Si is detected and is used to monitor the Si interdiffusion. The 40-nm-thick Ti films were evaporated in UHV or high-vacuum environments, and in situ Raman measurements of the Ti film and the Si substrate are tracked as a function of vacuum annealing at temperatures up to 500 degrees C. The results show that extensive Si interdiffusion into the Ti occurs between 300 and 400 degrees C and that the interdiffusion precedes silicide compound formation. The TiSi/sub 2/ formation is discussed in terms of a nucleation model. The silicide formation temperature is related to the nucleation barrier, and it is proposed that impurities increase the nucleation barrier, which results in the observed higher silicide formation temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integration of screen-printing and rapid thermal processing technologies for silicon solar cell fabrication (1996)

For the first time, the potentially cost-effective technologies of rapid thermal processing (RTP) and screen-printing (SP) have been combined into a single process sequence to achieve solar cell efficiencies as high as 14.7% on 0.2 /spl Omega/-cm FZ and 14.8% on 3 /spl Omega/-cm Cz silicon. These results were achieved without application of a nonhomogeneous (selective) emitter, texturing, or oxide passivation. By tailoring the RTP thermal cycles for emitter diffusion and firing of the screen-printed silver contacts, fill factor values >0.79 were realized on emitters with a sheet resistance (/spl rho//sub s/) of /spl sim/20 /spl Omega///spl square/ and grid shading <6%. Such high fill factors clearly demonstrate that screen-printed contacts can be fired on extremely shallow RTP emitters (x/sub j/=0.25-0.3 μm) without shunting cells. IQE analysis depicts a strong preference for shallow emitter junction depths to achieve optimal short wavelength response of these unpassivated emitters. In some cases, front contacts were printed through plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) SiN/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> dielectrics which prevented the shunting of shallow emitters by serving as partial barriers minimizing the diffusion of metallic species from the contacts. The firing of screen-printed contacts through these PECVD films, achieved the multiple purposes of contact formation, efficient front surface passivation due to annealing of the SiN, and high quality antireflection (AR). Research is presently underway to further optimize the RTP emitter design for screen-printing and develop techniques for implementing selective emitter and oxide passivation technologies for higher efficiency cells.
Nectin-Like Interactions between Poliovirus and Its Receptor Trigger Conformational Changes Associated with Cell Entry (2015)

The cell-surface receptor (Pvr) catalyzes a large structural change in the virus that exposes membrane-binding protein chains. We fitted known atomic models of the virus and Pvr into three-dimensional experimental maps of the receptor-virus complex. The molecular interactions we see between poliovirus and its receptor are reminiscent of the nectin family, by involving the burying of otherwise-exposed hydrophobic groups. Importantly, poliovirus expansion is regulated by the binding of a lipid molecule within the viral capsid. We show that receptor binding either causes this molecule to be expelled or requires it, but that its loss is not sufficient to trigger irreversible expansion. Based on our model, we propose testable hypotheses to explain how the viral shell becomes destabilized, leading to RNA uncoating. These findings give us a better understanding of how poliovirus has evolved to exploit a natural process of its host to penetrate the membrane barrier.
Gain and noise characteristics of a continuous-wave Raman laser (1987)

The spectrum of the stimulated electronic Raman gain at 650 nm in Ne I, pumped by a 633-nm He-Ne cw laser in the same cavity, is derived. The question of the proper Raman-gain linewidth is addressed. It is shown that the gain has a nearly Doppler-free component whose width is measured as 30 +/- 10 MHz (FWHM) at 6 Torr. This value agrees reasonably well with the residual Doppler broadening but not with collisional broadening rates. A simple calculation is included that shows the quantum-limited frequency uncertainty of the 650-nm laser to be higher by a factor of 1.5 than the frequency uncertainty of the 633-nm laser at equal power.
Computer-optimised current waveforms for switched-reluctance motors (1994)

The paper discusses the design of optimised current waveforms, to give the lowest RMS current per phase for a given mean torque. The waveforms are constrained to be within the converter VA rating. Current waveforms and the associated voltage waveform, over a wide speed range, are given for a representative motor.