gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol on the life-cycle of the fathead minnow (<i>Pimephales promelas</i>) (2001)

A fish full life-cycle (FFLC) study was conducted for 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) using the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. Newly fertilized embryos (< 24 h old) were exposed to five concentrations of EE2 (0.2, 1.0, 4.0, 16, and 64 ng/L nominal) in continuous flow-through conditions for 305 d at 25 +/- 1 degrees C. Exposure concentrations were verified by 14C-EE2 radiochemistry, supported by radioimmunoassay, and mean measured values were > or = 70% of nominal. For the F0 adult phase until 301 d posthatch, the no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs) for growth, survival, and reproduction (as egg production) were all > or = 1.0 ng/L. The NOEC values for F1 embryo hatching success and larval survival (at 28 d posthatch) were both > or = 1.0 ng/L. While statistically detectable changes in F1 growth were evident at 0.2 ng/L, these were not considered to be biologically significant when compared with historical control data. Male fish exposed to EE2 at 4.0 ng/L failed to develop normal secondary sexual characteristics; on the other hand, assumed females exposed to this level of EE2 were able to breed when paired with males that had not been exposed to EE2. Histology of F0 control, 0.2-, and 1-ng/L exposed fish at 56 d posthatch indicated an approximate female-to-male (F:M) sex ratio of 50:50 (with no ovatestes observed in the control), while fish exposed to EE2 at 4.0 ng/L for 56 d posthatch had a F:M sex ratio of 84:5 (with ovatestes in 11% of fish). After 172 d posthatch, no testicular tissue was observed in any fish exposed to EE2 at 4.0 ng/L. At the same time point, plasma vitellogenin levels were significantly higher in fish exposed to EE2 at 16 ng/L. A lack of sexual differentiation occurred in males at concentrations > or = 4.0 ng/L. Taking into account these data, the overall no-observed-adverse-effect concentration was considered to be 1.0 ng/L.
Palladium Complexes of C<sub>2</sub>-, C<sub>3</sub>-, and C<sub>4</sub>-Bridged Bis(phospholyl) Ligands:  Remarkably Active Catalysts for the Copolymerization of Ethylene and Carbon Monoxide (1999)

The C2-, C3-, and C4-bridged bis(2,3,4,5-tetramethylphospholes) (1a, X = C2H4; 1b, X = C3H6; 1c, X = (CH2)2C6H4) and their corresponding palladium complexes [(P-P)PdCl2] (2a−c) have been prepared and characterized. A single-crystal X-ray analysis of [{bis(2,3,4,5-tetramethylphospholyl)-o-xylene}PdCl2] (2c) reveals that 1c forms a seven-membered chelate; the phosphole rings are oriented perpendicular to the PdP2Cl2 plane. Methanol solutions of [(P-P)Pd(OAc)2] (3a, P-P = 1b; 3b, P-P = 1c) and methanesulfonic acid are active for the copolymerization of ethylene and carbon monoxide, generating high-molecular-weight polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions. Under our conditions, the activity of catalyst systems containing 1c is comparable to that based on bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp).
Correlation between body mass index and cardiovascular parameters in obese and non obese in different age groups (2011)

ABSRACT AIMS: In obesity, as excessive adipose tissue accumulates, an altered metabolic profile occurs along with a variety of adaptations and alterations in cardiovascular structure and function even in the absence of co-morbidities. This study was undertaken to analyze the differences in certain well defined cardiovascular parameters in obese and non-obese subjects in the age groups of 21-60 years. METHODS: 117 healthy male obese subjects with Body Mass Index > 30 kg/m2 and also 110 healthy male non-obese with Body Mass Index of 18.50 – 24.99 kg/m2 were selected. Parameters such as heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure and pulse blood pressure were assessed. RESULTS: In our study, there was a statistically significant increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in obese subjects when compared to non-obese in all age group. There was a positive correlation between body mass index and heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure and pulse blood pressure. The degree of rise was higher for the systolic blood pressure than the diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Although our study is by no means exhaustive, it does provides a glimpse into the variety of adaptations in cardiovascular structure and function that occur as excessive adipose tissue accumulates, even in the absence of overt disease.
Diffractive dissociation and new quarks (1983)

We argue that the chiral limit of QCD can be identified with the strong (diffractive dissociation) coupling limit of reggeon field theory. Critical Pomeron scaling at high energy must then be directly related to an infra-red fixed-point of massless QCD and so requires a large number of flavors. This gives a direct argument that the emergence of diffraction-peak scaling, KNO scaling etc. at anti p-p colliders are evidence of a substantial quark structure still to be discovered.
Segregation of a Missense Mutation in the Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau Gene with Familial Frontotemporal Dementia and Parkinsonism (1998)

Frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism (FTDP) is the second most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Recently, several kindreds with an autosomal dominant form of FTDP have been reported and in some families the pathological locus was mapped to a 2 cM interval on 17q21-22. The MAPT gene, located on 17q21 and coding for the human microtubule-associated protein tau, is a strong candidate gene, since tau-positive neuronal inclusions have been observed in brains from some FTDP patients. Direct sequencing of the MAPT exonic sequences in 21 French FTDP families revealed in six index cases the same missense mutation in exon 10 resulting in a Pro-->Leu change at amino acid 301. Co-segregation of this mutation with the disease was demonstrated by restriction fragment analysis in two families for which several affected relatives were available. The Pro301Leu mutation was not observed in either 50 unrelated French controls or in 11 patients with sporadic frontotemporal dementia. This mutation, which occurs in the second microtubule-binding domain of the MAPT protein, is likely to have a drastic functional consequence. The observation of this mutation in several FTDP families might suggest that disruption of binding of MAPT protein to the microtubule is a key event in the pathogenesis of FTDP.
Dynamic Monte Carlo Simulation of an Entangled Many-Polymer System (1982)

The dynamics of a system of long polymer chains is investigated numerically with Monte Carlo dynamics. By use of a lattice model of polymers interacting via hard-core potentials, much longer polymers have been investigated than has been possible previously. The correlation functions calculated are in agreement with de Gennes's "reptation" hypothesis, and differ strongly from Rouse-like behavior.
Evolutionary stability analysis of asymmetric hawk-dove game considering the impact of common resource (2013)

Explaining the evolution of cooperation remains one of the important problems in both biology and social science. Classical theories mainly based on an assumption that cooperative players are symmetrically interacted. However, almost all the well-studied systems showed that cooperative players are in fact asymmetrically interacted and that asymmetric interaction might greatly affect cooperation behavior of the involved players. Considering the asymmetric interaction and the selection pressure of resources, we present a model that possesses four strategies: strength- cooperation (SC), strength-defection (SD), weakness-cooperation (WC) and weakness-defection (WD). Combining evolutionary game theory with dynamical stability theory, we find that the evolutionary results closely depend on the asymmetric interaction and selection pressure of resources as well as cost-to-benefit ratio of conflict. When the common resources are plentiful, the cost-to-benefit ratio of conflict is negatively correlated with the probability of SC, while it is positively correlated with the probability of SD and WD. With increasing the strength ratio between the strong and weak players, the proportion of SC and SD will increase, while the proportion of WD will reduce. The model developed here has intrinsically integrated Boxed Pigs game and Hawk-Dove game. When the common resource is at shortage, the Boxed Pigs game will transform into Hawk-Dove game under the increase of the strength ratio between the strong and weak players.
Implementation of on‐chip multi‐channel focusing wavelength demultiplexer with regularized digital metamaterials (2018)

Abstract Adiabatic waveguide taper and on‐chip wavelength demultiplexer are the key components of photonic integrated circuits. However, these two kinds of devices which were designed by the traditional semi‐analytic methods or the brute‐force search methods usually have large size. Here, based on the regularized digital metamaterials, a two‐channel focused wavelength demultiplexer with a footprint of 2.4 × 10 μm 2 has been proposed. The designed demultiplexer can directly connect to a grating coupler under the absence of a long adiabatic waveguide taper. The objective first method and the modified steepest descent method are used to design the demultiplexer which splits 1520 nm and 1580 nm light. Experimental results show that the insertion loss of the upper (lower) channel of the demultiplexer is −1.77 dB (−2.10 dB) and the crosstalk is −25.17 dB (−12.14 dB). Besides, the simulation results indicate that the fabrication tolerance of the device can reach ±20 nm in etching depth and ±10 nm in plane size changing. Benefitted from the extensibility of the design method, other types of ultra‐compact “focused” devices, like mode splitters, mode converters, and power splitters can also be designed. Most importantly, this design method can be used to design devices with more complicated functionalities, such as multi‐channel focused wavelength demultiplexers.
Crystallization and Preliminary X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Expressed Pseudomonas putida Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase (1997)

Crystals of recombinant Pseudomonas putida catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, metapyrocate-chase, composed of four identical subunits, each with a molecular mass of 35 kDa and one nonheme ferrous iron, have been grown by the vapor diffusion method using sodium citrate as the precipitant. Repeated macroseeding and the addition of ethanol to protein solutions were together effective for obtaining crystals suitable for further crystallographic characterization. The crystals belong to the tetragonal space group P4(2)2(1)2 with unit-cell dimensions of a = b = 266 A, c = 60 A. They diffracted beyond 2.5 A resolution with synchrotron radiation. Assuming that one tetramer (alpha-Fe2+)4 is contained in an asymmetric unit, the crystal volume per unit molecular mass, Vm, is calculated to be 3.8 A3/Da, which corresponds to the solvent content of 67.6%.
Angiotensin II inhibits and alters kinetics of voltage-gated K<sup>+</sup>channels of rat arterial smooth muscle (2001)

The vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (ANG II) inhibits several types of K(+) channels. We examined the inhibitory mechanism of ANG II on voltage-gated K(+) (K(V)) currents (I(K(V))) recorded from isolated rat arterial smooth muscle using patch-clamp techniques. Application of 100 nM ANG II accelerated the activation of I(K(V)) but also caused inactivation. These effects were abolished by the AT(1) receptor antagonist losartan. The protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp-cyclic 3',5'-hydrogen phosphothioate adenosine (100 microM) and an analog of diacylglycerol, 1,2-dioctanyoyl-rac-glycerol (2 microM), caused a significant reduction of I(K(V)). Furthermore, the combination of 5 microM PKA inhibitor peptide 5-24 (PKA-IP) and 100 microM protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor peptide 19-27 (PKC-IP) prevented the inhibition by ANG II, although neither alone was effective. The ANG II effect seen in the presence of PKA-IP remained during addition of the Ca(2+)-dependent PKC inhibitor Gö6976 (1 microM) but was abolished in the presence of 40 microM PKC-epsilon translocation inhibitor peptide. These results demonstrate that ANG II inhibits K(V) channels through both activation of PKC-epsilon and inhibition of PKA.
Bolt-on Differential Privacy for Scalable Stochastic Gradient Descent-based Analytics (2016)

While significant progress has been made separately on analytics systems for scalable stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and private SGD, none of the major scalable analytics frameworks have incorporated differentially private SGD. There are two inter-related issues for this disconnect between research and practice: (1) low model accuracy due to added noise to guarantee privacy, and (2) high development and runtime overhead of the private algorithms. This paper takes a first step to remedy this disconnect and proposes a private SGD algorithm to address \emph{both} issues in an integrated manner. In contrast to the white-box approach adopted by previous work, we revisit and use the classical technique of {\em output perturbation} to devise a novel "bolt-on" approach to private SGD. While our approach trivially addresses (2), it makes (1) even more challenging. We address this challenge by providing a novel analysis of the $L_2$-sensitivity of SGD, which allows, under the same privacy guarantees, better convergence of SGD when only a constant number of passes can be made over the data. We integrate our algorithm, as well as other state-of-the-art differentially private SGD, into Bismarck, a popular scalable SGD-based analytics system on top of an RDBMS. Extensive experiments show that our algorithm can be easily integrated, incurs virtually no overhead, scales well, and most importantly, yields substantially better (up to 4X) test accuracy than the state-of-the-art algorithms on many real datasets.
A <sup>19</sup>F‐NMR study of the membrane‐binding region of D‐lactate dehydrogenase of <i>escherichia coli</i> (1993)

D-Lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) is a membrane-associated respiratory enzyme of Escherichia coli. The protein is composed of 571 amino acid residues with a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor, has a molecular weight of approximately 65,000, and requires lipids or detergents for full activity. We used NMR spectroscopy to investigate the structure of D-LDH and its interaction with phospholipids. We incorporated 5-fluorotryptophan (5F-Trp) into the native enzyme, which contains five tryptophan residues, and into mutant enzymes, where a sixth tryptophan is substituted into a specific site by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, and studied the 5F-Trp-labeled enzymes using 19F-NMR spectroscopy. In this way, information was obtained about the local environment at each native and substituted tryptophan site. Using a nitroxide spin-labeled fatty acid, which broadens the resonance from any residue within 15 A, we have established that the membrane-binding area of the protein includes the region between Tyr 228 and Phe 369, but is not continuous within this region. This conclusion is strengthened by the results of 19F-NMR spectroscopy of wild-type enzyme labeled with fluorotyrosine or fluorophenylalanine in the presence and absence of a nitroxide spin-labeled fatty acid. These experiments indicate that 9-10 Phe and 3-4 Tyr residues are located near the lipid phase.
A Distributed Platform for Multimedia Communities (2008)

Online community platforms and multimedia content delivery are merging in recent years. Current platforms like Facebook and YouTube are client-server based which result in high administration costs for the provider. In contrast to that peer-to-peer systems offer scalability and low costs, but are limited in their functionality.In this paper we present a framework for peer-to-peer based multimedia online communities. We identified the key challenges for this new application of the peer-to-peer paradigm and built a plugin based, easily extendible and multi-functional framework. Further, we identified distributed linked lists as valuable data structure to implement the user profiles, friend lists, groups, photo albums and more. Our framework aims at providing the functionality of common online community platforms combined with the multimedia delivery capabilities of modern peer-to-peer systems, e.g. direct multimedia delivery and access to a distributed multimedia pool.
Morphology and rhyming: two powerful alternatives to letter-to-sound rules for speech synthesis. (1990)

Level II, economic analysis.
Tactile Sensor Based on Piezoelectric Resonance (2004)

We discuss here the realization of tactile sensors based on the principle of change in piezoelectric resonance frequency with the applied pressure. An array of electrodes has been adopted on either side of the PZT material to have independent resonators. The common areas sandwiched between the electrodes and excitable at resonance frequency of the PZT material are used to form the sensitive area of the tactile sensor. The electrodes were deposited using sputtering technique. Tactile sensors with 3/spl times/3, 7/spl times/7, and 15/spl times/15 array of electrodes are developed with different electrode dimensions and separation between the electrodes. The tactile sensor has been interfaced to computer for the convenience of automatic scanning and making it more user interactive. The tactile sensors developed with different spatial resolution were tested for different shaped objects placed in contact with the sensor. The 3/spl times/3 matrix tactile sensor showed relatively poor spatial resolution, whereas the 15/spl times/15- matrix tactile sensor showed improved spatial resolution. The sensor with 7/spl times/7 matrix elements was tested for its sensitivity to different extents of applied force/pressure. The output response study carried out on the sensors indicated that these sensors can provide information not only about the extent of force/pressure applied on the object, but also the contour of the object which is in contact with the sensor.
Catalytic Olefin Cyclopropanation Using μ-Oxo−bis[(salen)iron(III)] Complexes (2003)

A series of μ-oxo−bis[(salen)iron(III)] complexes was prepared from the reaction of the corresponding salen ligands with FeCl3·6H2O in the presence of NEt3, and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. These air-stable complexes catalyzed the cyclopropanation of olefins with ethyl diazoacetate in good yields. The catalytic activity of these μ-oxo dimers, in the cyclopropanation of styrene, was examined as a function of the diamine backbone and the substituents in the 3,3‘- and 5,5‘-positions of the phenyl rings on the ligands. Solvent variation, catalyst loading, and styrene concentration were investigated to determine the optimal reaction conditions. The complex [Fe(3,3‘,5,5‘-tBu4salen)]2O (1d) was identified as the most efficient catalyst in the series, which successfully catalyzed the cyclopropanation not only of styrene but also of less reactive substrates such as α-methylstyrene, α-(trifluoromethyl)styrene, 1,1-diphenylethylene, methylenecyclohexane, and n-butyl vinyl ether and internal olefins such as trans- and cis-β-methylstyrene and ethylidenecyclohexane.
Measurement of Superconductive Voltage Drivers up to 25 Gb/s/ch (2009)

We report on demonstrations of a superconductive voltage driver (SVD), which generates non-return-to-zero (NRZ) output with an SFQ pulse input, up to 25 Gb/s/ch. The NRZ SVD consists of a coding logic, splitters, buffers, sixteen RS flip-flops (RSFFs), and DC-biased serially connected sixteen 2-junction SQUIDs. Each SQUID is magnetically coupled to the storage loop of each RSFF. The coding logic generates the true and complement signals of the SVD's input data, and the true and complement signals are split into sixteen with the splitters, amplified with the buffers, and applied to the RSFFs as the set and reset signals, respectively. With this configuration, the SQUIDs generate about 2-mV-high NRZ output voltage. The NRZ SVD was fabricated with our 10-kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Nb process and measured with our cryocooled system. Eye diagram of the NRZ SVD measured at 25 Gb/s/ch clearly opened, indicating low-bit-error-rate (BER) operation. Measured BER was less than 1times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-13</sup> at 20 Gb/s/ch for 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> -1 pseudo-random bit sequence input.
Protein recognition and selection through conformational and mutually induced fit (2013)

Protein-protein interactions drive most every biological process, but in many instances the domains mediating recognition are disordered. How specificity in binding is attained in the absence of defined structure contrasts with well-established experimental and theoretical work describing ligand binding to protein. The signaling protein calmodulin presents a unique opportunity to investigate mechanisms for target recognition given that it interacts with several hundred different targets. By advancing coarse-grained computer simulations and experimental techniques, mechanistic insights were gained in defining the pathways leading to recognition and in how target selectivity can be achieved at the molecular level. A model requiring mutually induced conformational changes in both calmodulin and target proteins was necessary and broadly informs how proteins can achieve both high affinity and high specificity.
On the Aminoethylation of Proteins (1966)

The reaction of peptide and protein sulfhydryl groups with ethylenimine to give quantitative yields of S-6-aminoethylcysteinyl residues has been studied.Optimal conditions for tryptic hydrolysis of peptide bonds at the carboxyl terminus of such residues are described for the case of insulin B chain.Separation and identification of peptides obtained in this manner illustrate the applicability of the method to cleavage of polypeptide chains.The susceptibility of S-f-aminoethylcysteinyl residues in peptide linkage to hydrolysis by trypsin was first suggested by Lindley (1), who demonstrated that poly-L-AE-cysteinel served as a substrate for the enzyme.He also showed that some AEcysteinyl residues were produced when reduced wool was allowed to react with -bromoethylamine at pH 11.Tietze, Gladner, and Folk (2), using the same reaction conditions, effected conversion of cysteinyl to AE-cysteinyl residues in reduced insulin.By treatment with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B, free AEeysteine was identified.Weil, Seibles, and Telka (3) attempted by the same method to effect quantitative conversion of cysteinyl residues in a-lactalbumin, but only partial reaction was obtained.It seemed that a potentially useful method of degradation of protein molecules was of limited effectiveness because the alkylation was not complete.Recently a report from this laboratory (4) described a method for achieving essentially quantitative conversion of cysteinyl to AE-cysteinyl residues by reaction with ethylenimine under very mild conditions.In this communication we report further studies of this reaction, including isolation and identification of peptides obtained by tryptic hydrolysis of a polypeptide chain at AE-cysteinyl residues.