gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral differences between the alpha and beta heme groups within human deoxyhemoglobin. (1976)

The contributions of the alpha and beta heme groups to the absorbance change that accompanies the aggregation of hemoglobin subunits were measured by comparing the extinction changes produced by n-butyl isocyanide binding to deoxyhemoglobin A with those produced by binding of n-butyl isocyanide to the isolated chains. Almost the entire aggregation absorbance change is associated with the unliganded alpha subunits, which exhibit a 30% increase in molar extinction at 428 nm during tetramer formation. This marked spectral change indicates a substantial perturbation of the electronic properties of the alpha heme groups in going from the high-affinity, isolated chain state to the low-affinity, tetrameric state. The lack of a significant absorbance change as sociated with the beta heme groups implies that the change in reactivity of unliganded beta subunits produced by aggregation is not the result of a change in spin or coordination geometry of the iron atom, but rather involves primarily an alteration in the protein structure near the sixth coordination position.
Different Incidence of Loss of Heterozygosity on Chromosome 16q between Intraductal Papilloma and Intracystic Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast (1994)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 16q was examined in DNA isolated from 11 intraductal papillomas and 12 intracystic papillary adenocarcinomas of the breast. Such LOH was detected in 8 (67%) out of 12 intracystic papillary adenocarcinomas, and in 7 (64%) of 11 of these adenocarcinomas of low grade atypia (Grade 1), whereas it was not detected in 11 intraductal papillomas. Therefore, inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes on chromosome 16q was suggested to be involved in acquisition of malignant phenotype rather than in tumorigenesis in mammary gland epithelial cell. Examination of LOH on 16q should be helpful for differential diagnosis of intracystic papillary tumors.
Multifunctional Mesoporous Composite Microspheres with Well-Designed Nanostructure: A Highly Integrated Catalyst System (2010)

The precise control of the size, morphology, surface chemistry, and assembly process of each component is important to construction of integrated functional nanocomposites. We report here the fabrication of multifunctional microspheres which possess a core of nonporous silica-protected magnetite particles, transition layer of active gold nanoparticles, and an outer shell of ordered mesoporous silica with perpendicularly aligned pore channels. The well-designed microspheres have high magnetization (18.6 emu/g), large surface area (236 m(2)/g), highly open mesopores (approximately 2.2 nm), and stably confined but accessible Au nanoparticles and, as a result, show high performance in catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (with conversion of 95% in 12 min), styrene epoxidation with high conversion (72%) and selectivity (80%), especially convenient magnetic separability, long life and good reusability. The unique nanostructure makes the microsphere to be a novel stable and approachable catalyst system for various catalytic industry processes.
Concepts and Methods for Assessing Solute Dynamics in Stream Ecosystems (1990)

A stream solute workshop was held February 1-5, 1989, at The University of Mississippi with the goals of 1) suggesting a conceptual model for stream solute studies that integrates physical, chemical, and biological processes, and 2) identifying advantages and limitations of various methods for studying solute transport and exchanges. Solute dynamics refers to the spatial and temporal patterns of transport and transfers of materials that are chemically dissolved in water. Solute transport and exchange processes can be described by solute transport equations that relate solute concentration to advection, dispersion, groundwater and tributary inputs, transient storage zones, and biotic and abiotic transformations. Studies can be based on these model equations even if a full simulation of a particular system is not attempted. Although no common methodological approach can serve every investigation of solute dynamics, experimental approaches represent a range from greatest control and least realism to least control and greatest realism. The model parameters describe processes that can be investigated in laboratory, chamber, and flume experiments designed to reduce confounding experimental variables. Whole-stream studies, particularly solute injection experiments, provide estimates of solute transfer to and from the water column and can be used to calibrate the simulation models. Transport and transfer models can link experimental results obtained at different scales and increase the opportunity for inter-site comparisons and the extrapolation of results between laboratory, chamber, flume, and whole-stream studies.
A Turbocharged Engine with Microprocessor Controlled Boost Pressure (1981)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A prototype boost pressure control system, utilizing a microprocessor to govern the wastegate settings, has been developed and tested on a turbocharged petrol engine with intercooler. The Volvo Computer Controlled Turbo (VCCT)-system allows optimum boost pressure settings for varied operating conditions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A knock detecting system retards ignition and lowers boost simultanously, minimizing torque loss with no increase of exhaust gas temperature. For high performance turbo engines this strategy is important, since at continous high power operation no increase in thermal loading (with risk for degraded durability), can be accepted.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Vehicle tests show significant improvements in performance and fuel economy.</div>
Stresses in a partially coated optical glass fiber subjected to the ends off-set (1997)

A simple formula based on the elementary beam theory is obtained for the evaluation of the maximum bending stress in an optical glass fiber whose ends are clamped and experience lateral off-set. We consider a situation when the fiber is partially coated and/or partially metallized, and therefore its flexural rigidity is not constant along its span. The obtained formula can be helpful in the analysis and design of optical glass fibers and optical interconnects structures of the type in question.
Evaluation of CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cell Function In Vivo in HIV‐Infected Patients as Measured by Bacteriophage phiX174 Immunization (2000)

Bacteriophage phiX174 immunization was used to measure CD4(+) T cell function in vivo in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients across all disease stages. Function was evaluated by measuring the ability of T cells to provide help to B cells in antibody production, amplification, and isotype switching. A total of 33 patients and 10 controls received 3 bacteriophage phiX174 immunizations 6 weeks apart. The patients' responses regarding bacteriophage-specific total antibody titers and IgG titers were quantitatively and qualitatively inferior to the controls' responses. Overall, 7 of 33 patients had normal T cell function. Baseline CD4 counts provided the strongest correlation with total antibody and IgG titers. HIV RNA had a weaker association with responses but had some predictive power among patients with a CD4 count >200 cells/microL. Bacteriophage phiX174 immunization seems to be a useful tool for measuring immune function in vivo, which suggests that most HIV-infected patients may have abnormal CD4(+) T cell function despite adequate antiretroviral treatment.
Region-based rate control and bit allocation for wireless video transmission (2006)

In this paper, we propose a joint source-channel region-based rate control algorithm for real-time video transmissions over wireless systems. During the video transmission, the channel throughput available to the video encoder in the wireless systems is inherently variable, due to the retransmission of the error packets using the automatic repeat request (ARQ) error control. The variable data rate of the wireless system is characterized by the packet-level Gilbert two-state Markov Model, the parameters of which are extracted from the statistical properties of the channel information obtained from the wireless channel simulator. The proposed algorithm adopts a fast but effective block-based segmentation method to extract the regions of interest. Unlike traditional bit allocation methods used in the region/content-based rate control, the algorithm exploits the most effective criteria "coding qualities" as quantitative factors to directly control bit allocation among different regions so as to achieve better visual quality in the regions of interest. The computational complexity of the algorithm is low making it suitable for real-time applications. Compared with the MPEG-4 rate control algorithm, our algorithm can effectively enhance the perceptual quality for the regions of interest and significantly reduce the number of frame skipping; thereby, improve the smoothness of the video.
Rochester Stops the Deluge (1990)

After a slew of stopgap waste-treatment plants failed to solve Rochester's chronic storm water and sewage overflow problem, city officials changed direction in the late 1960s. The result is a $750 million storage and conveyance system, which is now in Phase 2. Phase 1 was completed in 1985. The 33 mi Combined Sewer Overflow Abatement Program (CSOAP) comprises overflow and diversion structures located at key points along Rochester's existing sewer system, which capture sewage and storm waters. Once captured, the polluted water flows to dropshafts, where it falls into one of 13 tunnels for storage. When the storm or overflow is over, the polluted waters are released from the tunnels and flow in a controlled fashion to a treatment plant on Lake Ontario. An unusual aspect to the design is that much of the system will operate under the basic law of gravity when it's completed by the late 1990s. Engineers hope CSOAP will ultimately reduce the number of overflows from 60-70 per year to five or six, and help Rochester and Monroe County, N.Y. comply with the 1972 EPA Clean Waters Act.
Release of the catalytic domain N(o) from the herpes simplex virus type 1 protease is required for viral growth (1995)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) protease and its substrate, ICP35, are involved in the assembly of viral capsids and required for efficient viral growth. The full-length protease (Pra) consists of 635 amino acid (aa) residues and is autoproteolytically processed at the release (R) site and the maturation (M) site, releasing the catalytic domain No (VP24), Nb (VP21), and a 25-aa peptide. To understand the biological importance of cleavage at these sites, we constructed several mutations in the cloned protease gene. Transfection assays were performed to determine the functional properties of these mutant proteins by their abilities to complement the growth of the protease deletion mutant m100. Our results indicate that (i) expression of full-length protease is not required for viral replication, since a 514-aa protease molecule lacking the M site could support viral growth; and that (ii) elimination of the R site by changing the residue Ala-247 to Ser abolished viral replication. To better understand the functions that are mediated by proteolytic processing at the R site of the protease, we engineered an HSV-1 recombinant virus containing a mutation at this site. Analysis of the mutant A247S virus demonstrated that (i) the mutant protease retained the ability to cleave at the M site and to trans process ICP35 but failed to support viral growth on Vero cells, demonstrating that release of the catalytic domain No from Pra is required for viral replication; and that (ii) only empty capsid structures were observed by electron microscopy in thin sections of A247S-infected Vero cells, indicating that viral DNA was not encapsidated. Our results demonstrate that processing of ICP35 is not sufficient to support viral replication and provide genetic evidence that the HSV-1 protease has nuclear functions other than enzymatic activity.
MULTIPASS, AUTOGENOUS ELECTRON BEAM WELDING (1988)

A method has been developed to make narrow, deep-penetrating electron beam welds without the problems associated with root spiking. The process uses the base metal for filler metal, supplementing it with a boss on the weld joint, which is dimensioned to suit the particular weld. The weld boss is machined subsequent to welding. This development was the result of extensive work to minimise the problems of variation in penetration, root spiking and cold shuts, which can occur in single-pass electron beam welds. Weld joint geometries and welding procedures are detailed for partial and full penetration welds. These include welds in uranium of 0.335in (8.5mm) (8 passes) to 0.830in (21.1mm) (22 passes) and 0.310in (7.9mm) (3 passes) aluminium alloy 5083. For the work in aluminium alloy 5083, multipass autogenous electron beam welds are compared with gas metal arc welds and wire-fed electron beam welds. The areas of comparison include part distortion, porosity, depletion of magnesium, and mechanical properties.
Art of Verification with VERA (2001)

B-mode ultrasound imaging guidance of cannulas can be compromised by noise, artifacts, and echogenicity that is not distinctive from that of surrounding anatomy. We have modified a venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula by embedding piezoelectric crystals into each of its 3 blood flow ports. Each vibrating crystal acoustically interacts with a Doppler imaging signal and produces an instantaneous color marker. The aim of this study was to compare identification of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula ports by B-mode imaging versus the color Doppler marker. Unlike B-mode imaging, the color Doppler marker identified the corresponding port even in highly challenging closed-chest scans in anesthetized pigs. The method could improve guidance accuracy of cannulas by ultrasound scans.
Implementation of a Microprocessor-Based Tactile Hearing Prosthesis (1986)

A microprocessor-based tactile vocoder is described that offers important advantages over its analog counterpart. Digital implementation provides more flexibility and precision. The system simulates, in real-time, the characteristics of a 16-channel tactile vocoder developed at Queen's University in Kingston, Ont., Canada and is intended for use with a linear array of 16 miniature vibrators. Design considerations of the circuit logic, program structure, and algorithms used to implement the vocoder and the performance characteristics such as the dynamic range and noise of the various algorithms are discussed. The overall system has a noise level less than -60 dB re the maximum input and the bandwidth is 7.5 kHz. The system will first be used in the laboratory and in the classroom with two microphones and two tactile displays. Future plans call for the design to be adapted to lower power devices, when they become available, to achieve a single-display, wearable version that can be evaluated under natural conditions of acoustic signal and noise.
Effects of MesenPRO RS Medium on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Adipose -derived Stem Cells (2009)

Objective To explore the suitability of MesenPRO RS Medium for human adipose-derived stem cells culture.Methods Human adipose-derived stem cells were cultured with two different mediums: (a) MesenPRO RS Medium, and (b)DMEM plus 10% FBS. Cell morphology, proliferation capacity, colony-forming ability, and multipotential were assessed.Results Human adipose-derived stem cells cultured under MesenPRO RS Medium showed better cell morphology, higher proliferation rate, larger number of colonies, and stronger adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic potential than those of DMEM plus 10% FBS. Conclusion MesenPRO RS Medium is suitable for human adipose-derived stem cells culture.
Device-to-device Cooperation in Massive MIMO Systems with Cascaded Precoding (2016)

This paper investigates user cooperation in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with cascaded precoding. The high-dimensional physical channel in massive MIMO systems can be converted into a low-dimensional effective channel through the inner precoder to reduce the overhead of channel estimation and feedback. The inner precoder depends on the spatial covariance matrix of the channels, and thus the same precoder can be used for different users as long as they have the same spatial covariance matrix. Spatial covariance matrix is determined by the surrounding environment of user terminals. Therefore, the users that are close to each other will share the same spatial covariance matrix. In this situation, it is possible to achieve user cooperation by sharing receiver information through some dedicated link, such as device-to-device communications. To reduce the amount of information that needs to be shared, we propose a decoding codebook based scheme, which can achieve user cooperation without the need of channel state information. Moreover, we also investigate the amount of bandwidth required to achieve efficient user cooperation. Simulation results show that user cooperation can improve the capacity compared to the non-cooperation scheme.
The New Smartphone Application for Wrist Rehabilitation (2016)

This novel smartphone application seems to be a promising and convenient alternative for patients who need to gain wrist motion without formal rehabilitation in the hospital. Adherence to the therapy is also easily traced with this application.
Automating analysis of large-scale botnet probing events (2009)

Botnets dominate today's attack landscape. In this work we investigate ways to analyze collections of malicious probing traffic in order to understand the significance of large-scale "botnet probes". In such events, an entire collection of remote hosts together probes the address space monitored by a sensor in some sort of coordinated fashion. Our goal is to develop methodologies by which sites receiving such probes can infer---using purely local observation---information about the probing activity: What scanning strategies does the probing employ? Is this an attack that specifically targets the site, or is the site only incidentally probed as part of a larger, indiscriminant attack?
Transvaginal sonographic tubal patency testing using air and saline solution as contrast media in a routine infertility clinic setting (1996)

Tubal patency testing by transvaginal sonography has been implemented in our infertility clinic since 1991. We report our experience with this technique during the last year of routine outpatient activity. A total of 154 infertile patients, including three patients on two occasions, underwent tubal patency testing by transvaginal sonography; 36 also underwent laparoscopy or hysterosalpingography, with a further three undergoing both. A detailed account of the method used to visualize the passage of air and saline through the salpinx is described. The 'gold standard' for tubal patency was laparoscopy. In any cases that were doubtful or if there was tubal occlusion, laparoscopy was advised. The diagnoses by transvaginal sonography in the 154 patients consisted of: 106 with bilateral tubal patency (68.8%), 34 with unilateral tubal occlusions (22.1%), and 13 with bilateral occlusion (8.4%); one case was undiagnosed. Tubal disease was present in 25 out of the 36 (69.4%) patients undergoing laparoscopy or hysterosalpingography (69.4%). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values were respectively 80, 85, 82.7, 85 and 80% for the 29 patients undergoing transvaginal sonography and laparoscopy. When the number of tubes examined was considered, these values were respectively 85, 91.6, 89.3, 85 and 91.6%. No discordance was observed in the ten patients undergoing hysterosalpingography. Demonstration of the tubal course relies on a positive contrast medium filling the tubal lumen. Air and saline were successful for this purpose. In our study, the results of tubal patency testing by transvaginal sonography were very similar to those of hysterosalpingography, but differed in about 10% of the cases from those of laparoscopy. The most difficult problem to rule out was distal tubal occlusion without hydrosalpinx. Tubal patency testing by transvaginal sonography can be used safely as a first-step examination of tubal patency. Easy tubal passage can allow medical treatment, while a doubtful or frankly occluded salpinx should be investigated by laparoscopy.
Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney failure: the role of VDR activators. (2006)

Vitamin D3 is modified by vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase in the liver, and by 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) in the kidney, to form the active metabolite 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Several vitamin D receptor (VDR) activators, including paricalcitol and calcitriol, are currently available for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD patients encounter a much higher risk of cardiovascular disease than do members of the general public, and recent clinical observations have shown that VDR activator therapy provides survival benefit for CKD patients in the rank order of paricalcitol > calcitriol > no VDR activator therapy, independent of parathyroid hormone, phosphorus and calcium. One possible explanation for this observation is that VDR activators exert a positive impact on cardiovascular functions. Studies in animals with disrupted genes involved in the vitamin D signaling pathway have provided some interesting data. For example, in mice lacking VDR or CYP27B1, it was found that in addition to the expected phenotype (hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia), expression of renin or atrial natriuretic peptide was elevated. The mice also developed hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Gene expression profiling studies have revealed that VDR may play a role in regulating smooth-muscle-cell (SMC) proliferation, thrombosis, fibrinolysis and vessel relaxation. Paricalcitol and calcitriol are equally potent at suppressing plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 synthesis and inhibiting cellular proliferation in human coronary artery SMCs. The effect of VDR activators on the modulation of renin expression and vascular functions may be factors that contribute to reduced mortality and morbidity risk in VDR-activator-treated CKD patients. In this review, we discuss recent preclinical and clinical data regarding the role of VDR and its ligands in the cardiovascular system.