gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signaling Pathways to the Assembly of an Interferon-β Enhanceosome (2000)

Small molecules that modulate specific protein functions are valuable tools for dissecting complex signaling pathways. Here, we identified a small molecule that induces the assembly of the interferon-beta (IFN-beta) enhanceosome by stimulating all the enhancer-binding activator proteins: ATF2/c-JUN, IRF3, and p50/p65 of NF-kappaB. This compound stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1), which is a member of a family of proteins involved in stress-mediated signaling pathways. Consistent with this, MEKK1 activates IRF3 in addition to ATF2/c-JUN and NF-kappaB for the assembly of the IFN-beta enhanceosome. MEKK1 activates IRF3 through the c-JUN amino-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway but not the p38 and IkappaB kinase (IKK) pathway. Taken together with previous observations, these results implicate that, for the assembly of an IFN-beta enhanceosome, MEKK1 can induce IRF3 and ATF2/c-JUN through the JNK pathway, whereas it can induce NF-kappaB through the IKK pathway. Thus, specific MEKK family proteins may be able to integrate some of multiple signal transduction pathways leading to the specific activation of the IFN-beta enhanceosome.
Construction of Supramolecular Nanoassembly for Responsive Bacterial Elimination and Effective Bacterial Detection (2017)

There is an urgent need for developing novel strategies for bacterial detection and inhibition. Herein, a multifunctional nanomaterial based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) is designed, loaded with amoxicillin (AMO), and surface-coated with 1,2-ethanediamine (EDA)-modified polyglycerol methacrylate (PGEDA), cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), and tetraphenylethylene carboxylate derivatives (TPE-(COOH)<sub>4</sub>) by the layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique. When bacteria contacts with this nanoassembly, the binding of anionic bacterial surface toward the cationic PGEDA layer of this material can reduce or break the interactions between PGEDA layer and TPE-(COOH)<sub>4</sub> layer, leading to attenuated TPE-(COOH)<sub>4</sub> emission due to the weakening of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect. Furthermore, upon adding adamantaneamine (AD), the more stable AD⊂CB[7] complex forms and PGEDA is liberated through competitive replacement, thus leading to the release of AMO and resulting in much higher antibacterial ability of this nanomaterial. This newly designed nanomaterial possesses dual functions of controllable antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli, and bacterial detection ability in aqueous media, suggesting that the design of this multifunctional antibacterial material will provide a simple, effective, and rapid way to control the activity of antimicrobial and open up an alternative new avenue for bacterial detection and elimination.
Magnetic resonance imaging with adiabatic pulses using a single surface coil for RF transmission and signal detection (1989)

In order to overcome the problems that arise from nonuniform B1 fields, there has been interest in developing pulses that are insensitive to large variations in RF power. Pulses derived from adiabatic passage principles that can execute spin inversion, excitation, and 90 degrees and 180 degrees plane rotations in the presence of B1 inhomogeneities have recently been described. When driven with optimized modulation functions, these pulses can execute uniform excitation, refocusing, and slice-selective inversion over a 10-fold or greater variation in B1 magnitude. This insensitivity to B1 strength enables the execution of T1- and/or T2-weighted spin-echo imaging experiments using coils, such as the surface coil, with extremely inhomogeneous B1 profiles. We have successfully acquired images with these pulses at 200 MHz using a single surface coil as the transmitter and receiver. Images of the slice definition, the region over which the excitation and refocusing pulses operate with a surface coil, and brain images obtained with slice planes perpendicular to the plane of the surface coil are presented. Results demonstrate that these pulses can be transmitted with a surface coil to yield high-quality T1- and/or T2-weighted images without B1 artifacts.
On the Change in the Acoustic Impedance of the Ear as A Measure of Middle ear Muscle Reflex Activity (1972)

Middle ear muscle activity, recorded as change in the acoustic impedance of the ear, was correlated to the EMG and the change in the cochlear microphonics elicited by the middle ear muscle contractions. The experiments were performed on lightly anesthetized rabbits. The three methods were equally sensitive as measures of the middle ear muscle reflex responses within a couple of dB. The amplitudes of the impedance change and the rectified and integrated EMG were linearly related and usually reached saturation below 125 dB SPL. The change in the cochlear microphonics differed from the change in the impedance in that it did not reach a maximum below 125 dB SPL. It was also shown that the m. tensor tympani contributes very little to the total impedance change under normal condition. On the other hand, it gives distinct changes in the impedance when the stapedius muscle is paralysed. Opening the acoustic bulla was found to increase the effect of contractions of the middle ear muscles on the acoustic properties of the ear, resulting in greater changes of the CM and of the impedance.
Low oxygen tension increases mRNA levels of alpha 1 (I) procollagen in human dermal fibroblasts (1993)

Dermal fibroblasts exposed to low oxygen tension show upregulated synthesis of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), an established stimulatory peptide in the formation of extracellular matrix proteins. In this report, procollagen synthesis was measured in cultures of confluent adult human dermal fibroblasts exposed to either standard (20%) or low (2%) oxygen tension. By Northern blot analysis the steady state levels of alpha 1 (I) procollagen mRNA were increased by 75 to 150% of control (standard oxygen) as early as 12 hours and more than 200% 96 hours after exposure of cells to low oxygen. Similar increases in procollagen mRNA levels were obtained in hypoxic fibroblast cultures in a collagen lattice. The stimulatory effect of hypoxia on procollagen mRNA levels in fibroblast monolayers was diminished by antibodies to TGF-beta, and could not be augmented further by the addition of TGF-beta 1, evidence that hypoxic fibroblasts may already be maximally stimulated by TGF-beta 1. We conclude that low oxygen tension enhances steady state mRNA levels of alpha 1 (I) procollagen, and that this effect is mediated at least in part by TGF-beta 1.
Sperm transport in the human female genital tract and its modulation by oxytocin as assessed by hysterosalpingoscintigraphy, hysterotonography, electrohysterography and Doppler sonography (1998)

The transport function of the uterus and oviducts and its modulation by oxytocin has been examined using hysterosalpingoscintigraphy, recording of intrauterine pressure, electrohysterography and Doppler sonography of the Fallopian tubes. After application to the posterior vaginal fornix, a rapid (within minutes) uptake of the labelled particles into the uterus was observed during the follicular and during the luteal phase of the cycle in all patients. Transport into the oviducts, however, could only be demonstrated during the follicular phase. Transport was directed predominantly into the tube ipsilateral to the ovary bearing the dominant follicle; the contralateral oviduct appeared to be functionally closed. The proportion of patients exhibiting ipsilateral transport did increase concomitant with the increase of the diameter of the dominant follicle. That ipsilateral transport has biological significance is suggested by the observation that the pregnancy rate following spontaneous intercourse or insemination was significantly higher in those women in whom ipsilateral transport could be demonstrated than in those who failed to exhibit lateralization. Oxytocin administration was followed by a dramatic increase in the amount of material transported to the ipsilateral tube, as demonstrated by radionuclide imaging and by Doppler sonography following instillation of ultrasound contrast medium. Continuous recording of intrauterine pressure before and after oxytocin administration did show an increase in basal tonus and amplitude of contractions and a reversal of the pressure gradient from a fundo-cervical to a cervico-fundal direction. These actions of oxytocin were accompanied by an increase in amplitude of potentials recorded by electrohysterography. These data support the view that uterus and Fallopian tubes represent a functional unit that is acting as a peristaltic pump and that the increasing activity of this pump during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is reflected by an increased transport into the oviduct ipsilateral to the ovary bearing the dominant follicle. In addition, they strongly suggest a critical role of oxytocin in this process. Failure of this mechanism appears to be a cause of subfertility or infertility, as indicated by the low pregnancy rate following intrauterine insemination or normal intercourse in the presence of patent Fallopian tubes. It may be regarded as a new nosological entity for which we propose the term tubal transport disorder (TTD). Since pregnancy rate of such patients is normal when treated with in-vitro fertilization (IVF), hysterosalpingoscintigraphy seems to be useful for the choice of treatment modalities in patients with patent Fallopian tubes suffering from infertility.
The organometallic chemistry of transition-metal porphyrin complexes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe organometallic chemistry of transition-metal porphyrin complexesPenelope J. Brothers and James P. CollmanCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1986, 19, 7, 209–215Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00127a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00127a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2085Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:math> gates for quantum computing (2017)

For superconducting qubits, microwave pulses drive rotations around the Bloch sphere. The phase of these drives can be used to generate zero-duration arbitrary virtual $Z$ gates, which, combined with two ${X}_{\ensuremath{\pi}/2}$ gates, can generate any SU(2) gate. Here we show how to best utilize these virtual $Z$ gates to both improve algorithms and correct pulse errors. We perform randomized benchmarking using a Clifford set of Hadamard and $Z$ gates and show that the error per Clifford is reduced versus a set consisting of standard finite-duration $X$ and $Y$ gates. $Z$ gates can correct unitary rotation errors for weakly anharmonic qubits as an alternative to pulse-shaping techniques such as derivative removal by adiabatic gate (DRAG). We investigate leakage and show that a combination of DRAG pulse shaping to minimize leakage and $Z$ gates to correct rotation errors realizes a 13.3 ns ${X}_{\ensuremath{\pi}/2}$ gate characterized by low error $[1.95(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}]$ and low leakage $[3.1(6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}]$. Ultimately leakage is limited by the finite temperature of the qubit, but this limit is two orders of magnitude smaller than pulse errors due to decoherence.
Self-routing space switch network comprising fast and uniform switch elements (1990)

The letter presents a method by which to construct a fast N × N self-routing space switch network with identical 2 × 2 switch elements. This network is nonblocking and employs O(N log3N) switch elements; each element uses just two bits of the output port address for switching control.
Janus Catalysts Direct Nanoparticle Reactivity (2009)

Metal oxide nanoparticles decorated with carbon nanotubes can be turned into readily recovered catalysts that function at the interface between oil and water phases.
Kudzu (<i>Pueraria montana</i>): History, Physiology, and Ecology Combine to Make a Major Ecosystem Threat (2004)

Abstract Kudzu, Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. variety lobata (Willd.) was introduced into the United States at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, PA. Subsequently, it was planted widely to reduce soil erosion by the Soil Erosion Service and Civilian Conservation Corp. Over 85 million seedlings of kudzu were provided to landowners by government agencies in the southeast in the first half of the 20th century. In 1953, kudzu was removed from the list of approved plants for erosion control, in 1970 it was officially labeled a weed, and in 1997 it was placed on the Federal Obnoxious Weed List. Its rapid elongation rates, high leaf area indices, high photosynthetic rates, and frequent rooting at stem nodes make kudzu an aggressive competitor with native shrubs and trees. Estimates are that kudzu currently covers 3 million hectares throughout the eastern United States and is spreading by 50,000 ha per year. Despite widespread anecdotal statements, little quantitative information is available regarding the ecological effects of kudzu. The ability of kudzu to overtop and shade forest trees, fix atmospheric nitrogen, and emit isoprene suggest that it may have substantial effects on native forest biodiversity, forest nitrogen cycles, watershed nitrogen saturation, freshwater eutrophication, and regional air quality. Kudzu's growth rate increases strongly in response to increased CO2, and without the constraint of allocation to woody tissue this response may increase the competitive dominance of kudzu as atmospheric levels of CO2 increase. This fact, combined with its sensitivity to cold temperatures, implies that kudzu may increase its range in future warmer, high-CO2 environments. The lack of quantitative investigations on the ecological effects of kudzu is a severe impediment to our understanding of its current and future effects on native plant and animal communities and forest ecosystems. Keywords: biodiversityexotic invasive plantsglobal changebiocontrolnitrogen cycleisoprene emission ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank D. Whigham and an anonymous reviewer for insightful comments on earlier drafts of this article, the Smithsonian Institution for a Pre-Doctoral Fellowship supporting A. F. Innis, and the support of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station for I. N. Forseth.
[Clinical and electroneurophysiological characteristics of polysynaptic reflex excitability in headache of tension]. (2008)

To study polysynaptic reflex excitability in different clinical forms of headache of tension, 187 patients with episodic (135) and chronic (52) forms of the disease were examined. The Visual-Analogue Scale, clinical neurological examination, neuropsychological testing, interference EMC of scalp and cervical muscles, electroneurophysiological study of polysynaptic blinking reflex were used. The increase of polysynaptic reflex excitability, the level of which was correlated with disease severity, was found in patients. This finding characterizes the insufficiency of central inhibition and inefficacy of antinociceptive control. Electroneurophysiological examination of polysynaptic reflexes may be applied as a diagnostic test for assessing severity and prognosis of the course of pathological process in headache of tension.
Engineering Escherichia coli for co-production of acetaldehyde and hydrogen from glucose (2011)

vi CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 I. Importance of returning to renewable resources 1 II. Processing biorenewable resources into fuels and chemicals 5 III. Review of important chemicals produced by recombinant Escherichia coli through metabolic engineering 6 CHAPTER 2. CO-PRODUCTION OF ACETALDEHYDE AND HYDROGEN FROM GLUCOSE FERMENTATION BY ESCHERICHIA COLI 29 Introduction 29 Materials and methods 33 Results 45 Discussion 74 Conclusion 80 CHAPTER 3. FUTURE WORK 82
Visualizing second-order tensor fields with hyperstreamlines (1993)

A method developed to help scientists visualize 3D tensor data is presented. The method is based on the concept of a hyperstreamline, the simplest continuous tensor structure that can be extracted from a tensor field. Hyperstreamlines for a particular case of symmetric tensor fields are introduced, and a structural depiction of symmetric tensor fields is derived from the representation of many hyperstreamlines. A method for visualizing unsymmetric tensor data by encoding an additional vector field along the trajectory of the hyperstreamlines is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multicomponent Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly with Cross-Linked Block Copolymer Surfactants (2006)

We describe a simple and versatile protocol to prepare water-soluble multifunctional nanostructures by encapsulation of different nanoparticles in shell cross-linked, block copolymer micelles. This method permits simultaneous incorporation of different nanoparticle properties within a nanoscale micellar container. We have demonstrated the co-encapsulation of magnetic (gamma-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4), semiconductor (CdSe/ZnS), and metal (Au) nanoparticles in different combinations to form multicomponent micelles that retain the precursor particles' distinct properties. Because these multifunctional hybrid nanostructures spontaneously assemble from solution by simultaneous desolvation of nanoparticles and amphiphilic block copolymer components, we anticipate that this can be used as a general protocol for preparing multifunctional nanostructures without explicit multimaterial synthesis or surface functionalization of nanoparticles.
Assessing autophagy in the context of photodynamic therapy (2010)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a procedure that has applications in the selective eradication of neoplasia where sites of malignant lesions are clearly delineated. It is a two-step process whereby cells are first sensitized to light and then photoirradiated. This results in the formation of singlet molecular oxygen and other reactive oxygen species that can cause photodamage at sites where the photosensitizing agent has localized. Photosensitizers found to be clinically useful show affinity for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, lysosomes, or combinations of these sites. The induction of apoptosis and/or autophagy in photosensitized cells is a common outcome of PDT. This report explores the following issues: (1) Does the induction of autophagy in PDT protocols occur independent of, or in association with, apoptosis? (2) Does the resulting autophagy play a prosurvival or prodeath role? (3) Do photosensitizers damage/inactivate specific proteins that are components of, or that modulate the autophagic process? (4) Can an autophagic response be mounted in cells in which lysosomes are specifically photodamaged? In brief, autophagy can occur independently of apoptosis in PDT protocols, and appears to play a prosurvival role in apoptosis competent cells, and a prodeath role in apoptosis incompetent cells. Mitochondrial and ER-localized sensitizers cause selective photodamage to some (i.e., Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), mTOR) proteins involved in the apoptotic/autophagic process. Finally, an aborted autophagic response occurs in cells with photodamaged lysosomes. Whereas autophagosomes form, digestion of their cargo is compromised because of the absence of functional lysosomes.
A Framework for Cross-Platform Mobile Web Applications Using HTML5 (2014)

In recent years the use of smart mobile devices has become an integral part of everyday life leading to the expansion of applications development for the various mobile platforms. Each of these platforms requires separate software development process, which subsequently increases dramatically the corresponding effort. With the emergence of HTML5 these issues can be addressed efficiently since application development is allowed in a cross-platform manner. An additional important benefit is that users can access the application immediately without any need for installation. In this paper, we investigate the potentials of mobile application development with web technologies and we present a development framework that utilizes the most important state-of-art web technologies for the support of mobile devices. This framework can be used for the implementation of mobile web applications and also for the investigation and experimentation on the main features that HTML5 offers for this specific type of devices.
Stabilization of Bulk<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>-Type and Surface<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>-Type Carriers in Mg-Doped InN<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mo stretchy="false">{</mml:mo><mml:mn>0001</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">}</mml:mo></mml:math>Films (2008)

The formation of p-type carriers in InN {0001} films by Mg doping is theoretically investigated by means of the highly precise thin film full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method. The first-principles calculations simultaneously simulating both p-type and n-type carriers in the bulk and surface layers, respectively, demonstrate that the formation energies of a substitutional Mg atom in the surface region are lower than those in the bulk due to the compensation mechanism. The Mg is, however, stabilized in the bulk layers due to a large diffusion-barrier height, suggesting a possible mechanism for the stabilization of Mg in the bulk and the formation of p-type carriers.