gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective distribution of multiple protein kinase C isoforms in mouse cerebellar cortex (1996)

An immunohistochemical study concerning the distribution of protein kinase C isoforms, a lipid-regulated serine/threonine kinase essential for signal transduction, was performed in mice cerebellar cortex, with particular emphasis on the localization of -iota and -lambda isozymes. By the means of immunoblotting analyses we detected the presence of 11 PKC subspecies in whole cerebellar extracts. Immunoreactivity on cryostat sections revealed, using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, that a few isoforms were widely but discretely distributed in all three cortical layers (molecular, granular and Purkinje cells) whereas other isozymes were present in a limited neuronal compartment. Overall, the distribution of several isoforms was in agreement with data obtained by other authors using rat cerebellum. As far as -iota and -lambda isozymes were concerned, we found them abundantly expressed in endothelial cells. Moreover, protein kinase C-lambda was also present in the body of Purkinje cell, conceivably associated with a 200-kDa neurofilament component. In all, these results hint at the possibility that in the cerebellar cortex at least some protein kinase C isoforms are involved in functions other than signal transduction at the synaptic level.
Catalytic Reaction Pathway for the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase ERK2 (2000)

The structural, functional, and regulatory properties of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) have long attracted considerable attention owing to the critical role that these enzymes play in signal transduction. While several MAP kinase X-ray crystal structures currently exist, there is by comparison little mechanistic information available to correlate the structural data with the known biochemical properties of these molecules. We have employed steady-state kinetic and solvent viscosometric techniques to characterize the catalytic reaction pathway of the MAP kinase ERK2 with respect to the phosphorylation of a protein substrate, myelin basic protein (MBP), and a synthetic peptide substrate, ERKtide. A minor viscosity effect on k(cat) with respect to the phosphorylation of MBP was observed (k(cat) = 10 +/- 2 s(-1), k(cat)(eta) = 0.18 +/- 0.05), indicating that substrate processing occurs via slow phosphoryl group transfer (12 +/- 4 s(-1)) followed by the faster release of products (56 +/- 4 s(-1)). At an MBP concentration extrapolated to infinity, no significant viscosity effect on k(cat)/K(m(ATP)) was observed (k(cat)/K(m(ATP)) = 0.2 +/- 0.1 microM(-1) s(-1), k(cat)/K(m(ATP))(eta) = -0.08 +/- 0.04), consistent with rapid-equilibrium binding of the nucleotide. In contrast, at saturating ATP, a full viscosity effect on k(cat)/K(m) for MBP was apparent (k(cat)/K(m(MBP)) = 2.4 +/- 1 microM(-1) s(-1), k(cat)/K(m(MBP))(eta) = 1.0 +/- 0.1), while no viscosity effect was observed on k(cat)/K(m) for the phosphorylation of ERKtide (k(cat)/K(m(ERKtide)) = (4 +/- 2) x 10(-3) microM(-1) s(-1), k(cat)/K(m(ERKtide))(eta) = -0.02 +/- 0.02). This is consistent with the diffusion-limited binding of MBP, in contrast to the rapid-equilibrium binding of ERKtide, to form the ternary Michaelis complex. Calculated values for binding constants show that the estimated value for K(d(MBP)) (</=0.5 microM) is significantly lower than that of the measured K(m(MBP)) (4.2 +/- 0.8 microM). Furthermore, MBP binds to the ERK2 x ATP complex at least 1500-fold more tightly than does ERKtide (K(d(ERKtide)) >/= 1.5 mM). The dramatically higher catalytic efficiency of MBP in comparison to that of ERKtide ( approximately 600-fold difference) is largely attributable to the slow dissociation rate of MBP (</=1.2 s(-1)) versus that of the synthetic peptide (>/=56 s(-1)), from the ERK2 active site.
Processed Aloe vera administered topically inhibits inflammation (1989)

Aloe vera preparations were evaluated for topical anti-inflammatory activity using the croton oil-induced edema assay. The results show that small amounts of A. vera given topically will inhibit inflammation induced by a moderate amount of irritant. In general, the decolorized Aloe was more effective than the colorized Aloe (with anthraquinone). A 47.1% inhibition of inflammation was obtained by 5% decolorized irradiated Aloe. These results may be used as a baseline to assess the biologic activity of A. vera in the treatment of inflammation by podiatric physicians.
An independent platform for the monitoring, analysis and adaptation of web sites (2008)

The analysis, design and maintenance of Web sites involves two significant challenges: managing the services and content available, and secondly, making the site dynamically adequate to user's needs. These challenges can be addressed by automating several of the management activities of a Web site. In this work we propose to develop a platform that can be used for that purpose, which is independent of the Web site. We started by developing a data warehouse that stores data about the usage, content and structure of a Web site. We have also developed a tool that uses the data in the data warehouse and provides information to the editor to monitor the activity on the Web site as well as the site itself. We have recently begun to develop multidimensional recommender systems that take advantage of the wealth of the data in the data warehouse. Both simulated and live tests are carried out to test the platform.
Synthesis of Monofunctionalized Gold Nanoparticles by Fmoc Solid-Phase Reactions (2004)

In this communication, solid-phase reactions for the synthesis of Lys-monofunctionalized gold nanoparticles are described. A controlled and selective fabrication of linear nanoparticle arrays can be achieved through peptide linkage systems, and therefore it is essential to prepare Fmoc amino acid nanoparticle building blocks susceptible to Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Gold nanoparticles containing carboxylic acids (2) in the organic shell were covalently ligated to Lys on solid supports through amide bond coupling reactions. We employed Fmoc-Lys-substituted polymer resins such as Fmoc-Lys-Wang or Fmoc-Lys-HMPA-PEGA. The low density of Lys on the matrix enabled 2 nm-sized gold nanoparticles to react with Lys in a 1:1 ratio. Subsequent cleavage reactions using 60% TFA reagent resulted in Lys transfer from the solid matrix to gold nanoparticles, and the Fmoc-Lys-monofunctionalized gold nanoparticles (5) were obtained with 3-15% yield. Synthesis using HMPA-PEGA resin increased productivity due to the superior swelling properties of PEGA resin in DMF. Monofunctionalization of nanoparticles was microscopically characterized using TEM for the ethylenediamine-bridged nanoparticle dimers (6). By counting the number of 6, we found that at least 60% of cleaved nanoparticles were monofunctionalized by Lys. This method is highly selective and efficient for the preparation of monofunctionalized nanoparticles.
On the Inadequacy of Simple Models of Mutual Interference for Parasitism and Predation (1977)

Mutual interference between searching arthropod parasites (i.e. parasitoids) is a beguilingly simple process, with apparently far-reaching implications for the stability of parasite-host interactions. The widely held view is that as parasite density increases, behavioural interactions (mutual interference) between searching individuals cause a reduction in the parasites' searching efficiency. In consequence, interference tends to confer stability on parasite-host interactions by reducing the death rate per parasite imposed on the hosts (and so the recruitment of parasites in the next generation) when parasite densities are high. The stabilizing effects of interference have recently been incorporated into a wide variety of ecological models (e.g. Austin & Cook 1974; Bulmer 1977; De Angelis, Goldstein & O'Neill 1975; Hassell & May 1973; Rogers & Hubbard 1974). It is often assumed (e.g. Beddington 1975) that similar considerations apply to predator-prey interactions. This paper is concerned primarily with parasitism, but possible extensions to predation are considered in the Discussion. The paper is divided into three sections. First, we re-examine the empirical model of interference proposed by Hassell & Varley (1969). This model postulates a linear relationship in logarithmic form between parasites' searching efficiency and density, with the degree of mutual interference given by the gradient. The model is already known to be oversimplified in one important respect. Thus, both a priori considerations (Royama 1971) and more detailed behavioural models (Beddington 1975; Rogers & Hassell 1974) require that the relationship should be curvilinear, with interference becoming negligible at low parasite densities. We later show that the behavioural models themselves indicate pitfalls in extrapolating from laboratory experiments conducted at higher parasite densities than prevail in the field. The second part, dealing with a host-parasite model written in difference equations, suggests that behavioural considerations largely preclude the possibility of significant mutual interference when the parasite is at or close to its equilibrium density. The behavioural models discussed assume that parasites search randomly. This assumption is relaxed in the last section. The implications of this change are that due to differential exploitation of the richer patches, searching efficiency measured over the whole environment is found to decline with parasite density (indicating interference) when there are no behavioural interactions. We call this effect 'pseudo-interference'. Accordingly we argue that 'interference' in the field can arise from both behavioural interactions and the effect of non-random search for aggregated hosts.
Microphase Separation and Rheological Properties of Polyurethane Melts. 1. Effect of Block Length (1998)

A series of polyesterurethanes with differing block length and constant composition have been synthesized for rheological studies. Hard segments based on isophorone diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol and soft segments based on polycaprolactone to ensure high thermal stability and to prevent high melting point crystallinity enabled long-duration rheological characterization at high temperatures. DSC and SAXS revealed that, at any fixed temperature above the polyester melting point, the degree of microphase separation increased with block length, with the shortest block lengths being almost single-phase. Temperature-resolved SAXS experiments demonstrated gradual microphase mixing of the microphase-separated materials as the temperature increased. In addition, the SAXS data for one material were shown to obey the predictions of the mean field theory, allowing a mean field estimate of the spinodal temperature to be calculated. Frequency sweep dynamic mechanical experiments show viscoelastic behavior characteristic of a homopolymer for all materials at high temperatures, and master curves can been constructed using the principle of time−temperature superposition. A failure of time−temperature superposition was observed at lower temperatures in materials with large block length. Temperature-resolved SAXS studies suggest that this failure is related to the onset of microphase separation in these materials at low temperatures. In the high-temperature regime, where master curves can be constructed, the WLF equation with universal parameters fits the experimental shift factors very well if an apparent single-phase glass transition temperature (Tg) is used. In addition, the relaxation time and the Newtonian viscosity of the polyurethanes show a strong dependence on block length, with a power law exponent of about 5.
La politique extérieure de l'Égypte sous les deux premières dynasties (1990)

Les documents concernant la politique extérieure égyptienne durant la première et la deuxième dynasties sont très peu nombreux. Jusqu'à présent nous n'avons rien qui puisse être appelé un texte, mais seulement de brèves mentions de quelques événements et quelques représentations, qui ne sont pas toujours claires. Cependant la collecte et la coordination de ces maigres informations donnent une bonne idée d'une évolution qui dura plusieurs siècles. Nous ignorons s'il y eut des relations entre l'Égypte, d'une part, le monde égéen et l'Anatolie, de l'autre. Mais au début de la première dynastie nous voyons une activité militaire contre les oasis libyennes, et ensuite des relations commerciales. Nous ne savons pas beaucoup de la Nubie à cette époque : une ou deux victoires durant la première dynastie et des relations commerciales probables à la fin de la deuxième. Depuis Nârmer des armées égyptiennes avaient été envoyées en Palestine méridionale. Mais la conquête de la péninsule sinaïtique remonte seulement au milieu de la première dynastie, suivie par l'exploitation des ressources de cette contrée (turquoise, cuivre et même vases). Le désert oriental, entre le Nil et la mer Rouge, fut, durant ces deux dynasties, le but d'expéditions, essentiellement à la recherche de l'or.
Sustained Efficacy of Natalizumab in the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Independent of Disease Activity and Disability at Baseline (2012)

These real-life data reinforce that natalizumab is effective over years, reduces ARR, and stabilizes EDSS score independent of baseline ARR, baseline EDSS score, or baseline treatment.
A Fuzzy Rule Based Clustering Algorithm for Medical Image Segmentation (1994)

Segmentation of biological images into tissue components is becoming increasingly important in the clinical environment. One example is the segregation of brain tissues for the study of degenerative diseases. In this paper, we present a fuzzy rule based approach for classification and tissue labeling of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the human brain. K-means clustering is applied to produce clusters whose centers and variances are then used to determine fuzzy membership functions. The fuzzy rules are then directly extracted from learning examples. Our experiments show that the proposed method has a number of advantages over conventional clustering methods.
TRANSLATIONAL ACCURACY AND THE FITNESS OF BACTERIA (1992)

There are two aspects of the relationship between translational accuracy and the fitness of bacteria that I hope have been clarified in this review. One is that the impact of translational errors on the fitness of bacteria depends very much on nutritional conditions. It would seem that bacterial populations have the capacity to respond to different growth opportunities by the selection of suitable variants. It is particularly surprising how few mutations seem to be required to transform a slowly growing natural isolate with inefficient as well as inaccurate ribosomes into a growth-optimized laboratory strain. It would not be suprising if the selection of the slow, natural isolate phenotype under starvation conditions is equally facile. Another aspect of the accuracy-fitness relationship worth emphasizing is the strong impact of processivity errors and the weak impact of missense errors on the structures of proteins as well as on the growth of cells. What has been learned about translation mechanisms up to now is really only a preliminary to what remains to be discovered about the movements of tRNA, mRNA, and ribosomal subunits that support the processivity of translation. It would be very useful to have more direct methods at hand with which to study these movements. Likewise, the availability of methods to measure processivity errors in natural isolates would help to round out our view of the variability of the ribosomal mechanisms in nature.
Undergraduate Chemistry Students' Conceptions of Energy: An Interview Study. (1987)

This thesis is a study of chemistry undergraduates&apos; understanding of science concepts related to energy. Concepts such as &apos;ketone&apos;, &apos;acid&apos; or &apos;force&apos; are often regarded as a means of classifying examples under a particular heading. Much research has, therefore, been directed towards finding the extent to which students can correctly classify instances and non-instances of a particular concept. This approach, however, is unhelpful when applied to concepts like evaporation or heat which are descriptive of phenomena; it also fails to test concepts like the mole used in problem solving. In the first part of the thesis science concepts are analysed as constructs produced by the science community to fulfil various purposes. It is suggested that the purposes can be summarised as: a. Classification; b. Description of&apos; phenomena; c. Description of relationships; d. Problem solving. The teaching and research implications of this analysis are considered and it is found to be helpful in both areas. A review of the literature on alternative frameworks and misconceptions shows that the former are generalised statements of the views developed by individuals to explain their experience or observations. Misconceptions, on the other hand, involve a logical flaw in linking two areas of knowledge. An interview schedule was designed to probe students&apos; views of the concept of energy and the transcripts were analysed to reveal a number of misconceptions as well as the alternative frameworks discovered in earlier work. A second round of interviews revealed that the students&apos; concept of energy was, in fact, quite close to the accepted &apos;science&apos; view but that much of the language used to express alternative frameworks was analogy. A number of distinct misconceptions, however, were present, particularly concerning the energy associated with chemical bonds. Some of these misconceptions could have been encouraged by the commonly-expressed functional framework of energy. Educational implications of the work are discussed.
A framework for specifying and designing pipelines (2002)

We present a framework for designing control circuitry for pipelined circuits. Our framework supports any mixture of data-dependent, data-stationary and time-stationary control for pipelines with out-of-order execution. There are four parameters to the framework: (1) Protocol schemes describe how transactions are transferred between stages in the pipeline. (2) Arbitration schemes specify how to prevent and/or handle structural hazards in the pipeline. (3) Control schemes determine how transactions are routed through the pipeline and how stages know what operation to perform. (4) Ordering schemes describe a method for matching up transactions as they leave the pipeline with transactions that entered the pipeline. Based on our framework we have developed an algorithm for compiling the control circuitry for a wide class of pipelines from a high-level description of the schedule for the pipeline.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intrusion Detection System with packet filtering for IP Spoofing (2010)

IP Spoofing is a problem without an easy solution, since it's inherent to the design of the TCP/IP suite. Understanding how and why spoofing attacks are used, combined with a few simple prevention methods, can help protect your network from these malicious cloaking and cracking techniques‥ Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has been used to secure these environments for sharing their data over network and host based IDS approaches. The rapid improvements of intrusions in internet and other networks are the main factors responsible for the propagation of different threats and vulnerabilities in the computing environment. Now a days the Ids makes use of the signature based detection approach which detects the actions based on analyzing the patterns such as text, password, time etc. So this will create difficulties in updating information and detecting unknown attacks. In this paper we make use of an improved EADS (Exception Agent Detection System) for making the header information secure. Packet filtering is one defense against IP spoofing attacks. The gateway to a network usually performs ingress filtering, which is blocking of packets from outside the network with a source address inside the network. This prevents an outside attacker spoofing the address of an internal machine. Ideally the gateway would also perform egress filtering on outgoing packets, which is blocking of packets from inside the network with a source address that is not inside. This prevents an attacker within the network performing filtering from launching IP spoofing attacks against external machines. In this paper, we also propose an inter-domain packet_filter (IDPF) architecture that can mitigate the level of IP spoofing on the Interne together with the IDS. We establish the conditions under which the IDPF framework works correctly in that it does not discard packets with valid source addresses. In this paper we propose an improved behavioral method for combating the unknown threats other that the usual context and content scanning techniques.
Pore structure and sorption characterization of titanosilicates obtained from concentrated precursors by the sol–gel method (2015)

Our novel titanosilicate sol–gel synthesis yielded effective sorption materials for Sr<sup>2+</sup> and Cs<sup>+</sup> decontamination from polluted ground and waste water.
System Identification: A Frequency Domain Approach (2003)

System identification is a general term used to describe mathematical tools and algorithms that build dynamical models from measured data. Used for prediction, control, physical interpretation, and the designing of any electrical systems, they are vital in the fields of electrical, mechanical, civil, and chemical engineering.Focusing mainly on frequency domain techniques, System Identification: A Frequency Domain Approach, Second Edition also studies in detail the similarities and differences with the classical time domain approach. It high??lights many of the important steps in the identification process, points out the possible pitfalls to the reader, and illustrates the powerful tools that are available.Readers of this Second Editon will benefit from:. MATLAB software support for identifying multivariable systems that is freely available at the website http://booksupport.wiley.com. State-of-the-art system identification methods for both time and frequency domain data. New chapters on non-parametric and parametric transfer function modeling using (non-)period excitations. Numerous examples and figures that facilitate the learning process. A simple writing style that allows the reader to learn more about the theo??retical aspects of the proofs and algorithmsUnlike other books in this field, System Identification, Second Edition is ideal for practicing engineers, scientists, researchers, and both master's and PhD students in electrical, mechanical, civil, and chemical engineering
DIGITAL FX!32 running 32-Bit x86 applications on Alpha NT (2002)

DIGITAL FX!32 is a unique combination of emulation and binary translation which makes it so that any 32 bit program which runs on an x86 system running Windows NT 4.0 will install and run on an Alpha Windows NT 4.0 system. After translation, x86 applications run as fast under DIGITAL FX!32 on a 500 Mz Alpha system as on a 200 Mz Pentium-Pro. The emulator and its associated runtime provide for transparent execution of x86 applications. The emulator uses translation results when they are available and produces profile data which is used by the translator. The translator provides native Alpha code for the portions of an x86 application which have been previously executed. A server manages the translation process for the user, making the overall process completely transparent.