gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications of Lanthanides (2011)

The biological properties of the lanthanides, primarily based on their similarity to calcium, have been the basis for research into potential therapeutic applications of lanthanides since the early part of the twentieth century. Up to date, cerium nitrate has been used as a topical cream with silver sulfadiazene for the treatment of burn wounds. A lanthanide texaphyrin complex (motexafin gadolinium) has been evaluated through Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) as a phosphate binder has been approved for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in renal dialysis patients in both the USA and Europe. This review will highlight therapeutic applications of the lanthanides for burn wounds, cancer, hyperphosphatemia, immune function, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents and osteoporosis, and discuss their future potential in the medical fields.
Hair Transplant Surgery: The Next Generation (1994)

While I was in Los Angeles visiting Dr. Rassman, I met his part-time partner, Michael D. Sparkuhl. He is Konstantine Sparkuhl’s son. If you are unfamiliar with Konstantine Sparkuhl, he was one of the first to introduce scalp reductions. As you may know there has been some controversy over exactly
A novel CMOS out-of-plane accelerometer with fully differential gap-closing capacitance sensing electrodes (2007)

This study presents a novel CMOS-MEMS out-of-plane linear accelerometer. This capacitance-type accelerometer contains specially designed gap-closing sensing electrode arrays with on-chip fully differential sensing circuits. Moreover, the comb-finger electrodes have the characteristics of the high fill factor and sub-micron gap to increase the sensing capacitance. Thus, the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio can be further improved. This study has established a post-CMOS wet-etching process to realize the accelerometer with sensing electrodes of the sub-micron gap in the out-of-plane direction. The present accelerometer has been demonstrated using the standard TSMC 2P4M process plus the post-release technique. The measurement results demonstrate that the accelerometer has a sensitivity of 1.14 mV g−1, and a nonlinearity of 3.4%.
Environmental considerations in biologics manufacturing (2010)

This perspective originated from our initial environmental assessment of biologics manufacturing as an extension of earlier work on small-molecule pharmaceutics spearheaded by the American Chemical Society Green Chemistry Institute Pharmaceutical Roundtable (ACS GCIPR). Systematic analysis was focused on therapeutic proteins due to their current predominance in biotherapeutics. The E factor for process water was found to represent an important environmental index primarily because aqueous solutions are used in practically every processing step, and significant process improvements typically result in sizable reduction in the usage of water and associated chemicals. Compared to small-molecule drugs, manufacture of therapeutic proteins by fermentation requires approximately 10 to 100 times more water per kg of product, but very small amounts of solvent, especially hazardous ones. The amounts of solid waste generated from consumables are comparable between the two groups. A great deal of water is also consumed for non-process operations at bioprocessing plants, which necessitates an E factor for non-process water to help monitor this part of plant operation. Useful environmental indices for biologics manufacturing should also include energy consumption, reportedly dominated by facility operations, especially for cleanroom or controlled space because of the required HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) for its operation. Notable emerging developments for therapeutic protein production include biogenerics, novel bioprocessing technologies, process analytical technology (PAT), single-use (disposable) manufacturing, and alternative production platforms such as cell-free synthesis and transgenic plants or animals. The potential impact of these technologies from an environmental standpoint is discussed.
Word文稿的“搬家”秘诀 (2009)

一篇超长的Word文稿要搬到PPT里，复制粘贴当然够简单!但是，一页PPT只能容纳几小段文字，文稿那么长，就得复制几小段，然后粘贴过来。接着再复制，再粘贴……，如此往复。真是累都累死了。替Word“搬家”难道就没有一次性搞定的秘诀？嘿嘿，当然有嘛!
The design, construction and monitoring of Reinforced Earth culverts on an alluvial floodplain : technical paper (1994)

In 1989 four Reinforced Earth culverts were designed beneath a road embankment located on an alluvial floodplain comprising soft clays and silts. The precast concrete clad sidewalls support deck slabs that in turn carry the road embankment above them. Large settlements were predicted during and particularly after construction. This case history reviews the design, construction and monitoring of the structures. Despite the very much greater than predicted settlements, the structures are performing satisfactorily and have resulted in a cost-effective solution.
Gedurende 1989 is vier Gewapende Grond-kasduikers onder 'n padopvulling op 'n alluviale vloedvlak, wat uit sagte klei en slik bestaan het, ontwerp. Die voorafgegote betonbedekte symure stut die dekblaaie, wat dan die opvulling dra. Groot versakkings gedurende en veral na konstruksie is voorspel. Hierdie gevallestudie kyk na die ontwerp, bou en monitering van die strukture. Alhoewel die versakkings veel groter was as die wat voorspel was, funksioneer die kasduikers bevredigend en het hulle tot 'n koste-effektiewe oplossing gelei.
Tuneable ultra high specific surface area Mg/Al-CO<sub>3</sub>layered double hydroxides (2015)

We report the synthesis of tuneable ultra high specific surface area Aqueous Miscible Organic solvent-Layered Double Hydroxides (AMO-LDHs). We have investigated the effects of different solvent dispersion volumes, dispersion times and the number of re-dispersion cycles specific surface area of AMO-LDHs. In particular, the effects of acetone dispersion on two different morphology AMO-LDHs (Mg3Al-CO3 AMO-LDH flowers and Mg3Al-CO3 AMO-LDH plates) was investigated. It was found that the amount of acetone used in the dispersion step process can significantly affect the specific surface area of Mg3Al-CO3 AMO-LDH flowers while the dispersion time in acetone is critical factor to obtain high specific surface area Mg3Al-CO3 AMO-LDH plates. Optimisation of the acetone washing steps enables Mg3Al-CO3 AMO-LDH to have high specific surface area up to 365 m(2) g(-1) for LDH flowers and 263 m(2) g(-1) for LDH plates. In addition, spray drying was found to be an effective and practical drying method to increase the specific surface area by a factor of 1.75. Our findings now form the basis of an effective general strategy to obtain ultrahigh specific surface area LDHs.
Impact of lignin composition on cell-wall degradability in anArabidopsis mutant (1999)

An Arabidopsis mutant that does not deposit syringyl-type lignin was used to test the hypothesis that lignin composition impacts cell-wall degradability. Two lines of the ferulate-5-hydroxylase-deficient fah1 mutant and the wild-type control line were grown in the greenhouse. In Experiment 1, the plants were harvested at the mature seed stage. For Experiment 2, plants were harvested 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks after sowing. In both experiments stems were collected and analysed for cell-wall concentration and composition, and in vitro degradability of cell-wall polysaccharide components by rumen micro-organisms. The absence of syringyl-type lignin was confirmed for the mutant lines by nitrobenzene oxidation and pyrolysis-GC-MS. Lignin concentration was the same for all three Arabidopsis lines, at all stages of maturity. The Arabidopsis stems were similar to forage legumes in that the potentially degradable cell-wall fraction was very quickly degraded. Cell-wall polysaccharide degradability did not differ among the Arabidopsis lines in the first experiment after 24-h fermentations, but the cell-wall polysaccharides of the fah1-2 mutant line were less degradable after 96-h than either the wild-type or the fah1-5 mutant. In contrast, in Experiment 2 no differences among lines were found for cell-wall polysaccharide degradability after either 24- or 96-h fermentations; however, signficantly higher levels of ester-bound ferulic acid were found in the walls of the fah1 mutant lines. As expected, increasing stem maturity was correlated with reduced degradation of cell-wall polysaccharides. These experiments indicate that either lignin composition, as measured by syringyl-to-guaiacyl ratio, does not alter cell-wall degradability in Arabidopsis, or that the fah1 mutation has other effects on the cell walls of these mutants such that the impact of the change in syringyl-to-guaiacyl ratio is masked. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Authentication using multiple communication channels (2005)

We discuss an authentication method using multiple communication channels. This method enables on-line service providers to strongly authenticate their users on a non-trusted communication channel (e.g. using a kiosk PC in an Internet café to access the Internet) via trusted communication channels (e.g. a mobile phone network). For the illustration purpose, we use a commonly available configuration in the current marketplace, in which users access service providers through PCs over the Internet and also have mobile phones with user identification capabilities (e.g. UIM), throughout the paper. The method uses a unique identifier (e.g. UIM, device ID or a digital certificate) on a mobile phone terminal to authenticate users so that the users do not have to input any person-identifiable information or to install devices and/or software on the non-trusted PCs?for the authentication. The authentication is done in the following manner. (1) A user reads a session-id of a communication channel between a service provider and a PC using a barcode reader on a mobile phone terminal and (2) sends the session-id through mutual authenticated secure channel over a mobile phone network to the authentication server and (3) the authentication server matches the session-id and binds the user with the corresponding communication channel to provide service to the PC.Our method can also prevent users to be "phished" by double checking the returned authenticator from the service provider.
Multilayer-coated optics: guided-wave coupling and scattering by means of interface random roughness (1995)

For plane-wave light incident upon multilayer optical components, we use first-order perturbation theory to calculate two effects of interface roughness: (1) angle-resolved scattering and (2) guided-mode coupling. The interface roughness, which is assumed to be a random variable having root-mean-square roughness much less than the incident wavelength, is the perturbation parameter. When guided-wave mode resonances are inherent in optical component design, we show that fractions of incident energy scattered directly and coupled into guided-wave modes are comparable. It follows that, in consideration of multilayer optics, energy coupled into guided-wave modes can be an equally important consideration, as this energy may then end up as an additional contribution to scattering and absorption.
Flow Oriented Approaches to QoS Assurance (2012)

The following flow-oriented architectures for quality of service assurance in IP networks are surveyed: Integrated Services, Connectionless Approach to QoS guarantees, Dynamic Packet State, Caspian Networks and Anagran, the Feedback and Distribution method, Flow-Based Differentiated Services, Flow-Aware Networking, the Flow-State-Aware transport, and Flow-Aggregate-Based services. The reasons why flow-awareness attracted so much attention are explained, and the current studies as well as the development history of the solutions are presented. The following features of the discussed architectures are compared: flow definition, classes of service, architecture, and signaling. Also, their pros and cons, complexity, and scalability, as well as perspectives are assessed.
Activity Preferences and Trip-planning Behavior of the U.S. Outbound Pleasure Travel Market (1992)

This article examines the findings of a survey of American pleasure travelers, who represent an attractive market in terms of size and economic potential for the travel industry. The study provides market-based information pertaining to American outbound pleasure travelers' destination activity preferences and their travel-planning behavior. More specifically, the study examines the travelers' trip-planning behavior and the impor tance attached to a variety of activities, amenities, and locational variables in considering four foreign destinations (Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean Islands, and Europe). Market ing implications of the findings are delineated.
Closed-cycle hydride engines (1978)

Closed-cycle hydride engines of 1/2 horsepower or less, which are capable of using a low quality heat source such as is available from flat plate solar collectors or from process waste streams, are described. The engines are simple in concept and operation, potentially inexpensive, reliable, and capable of remote unattended operation. They perform work as hydrogen, which is evolved from a heated metal hydride, expands against a flexible member. The cycle is completed by the reabsorption of hydrogen in the metal upon cooling. Thus, hydrogen is not consumed in the operation. Theoretical cycles are described and the efficiencies are presented. A comparison is made to both Carnot and Rankine cycles.
Ion spray-tandem mass spectrometry of supramolecular coordination complexes (1994)

Double-helical [M2L2] (n+), triple-helical [M2L3] (n+), and toroidal [M3L3] (n+) (M = Cu, Co, Fe, Ni, La, Eu, Gd, Tb, or Lu) supramolecular complexes have been fully characterized by ion spray mass spectrometry (IS-MS). The IS-MS spectra from pure acetonitrile solutions reflect the nature of the cations present in solution with conservation of the charge state and allow an efficient qualitative speciation of the compounds. The mass spectrometry results can be correlated with other powerful techniques (nuclear magnetic resonance and electronic spectroscopy) for the characterization of supramolecular complexes in solution, Structural information is obtained by collision-induced dissociation, which strongly depends on the metal ions used in the supramolecular complexes and on the various connectivities and topologies of the ligands. When the ligand contains 3,5dimethoxybenzyl groups bound to the benzimidazole rings, the partial fragmentation of the complexes is associated with a decrease of the total charge of the complexes and the appearance of the characteristic fragment at m/z 151 that corresponds to the 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl cation. A detailed analysis of the fragmentation pathways of these supramolecular complexes suggests that the metal-nitrogen coordination bonds are very strong in the gas phase.
Successful outcome using rituximab as the only immunomodulation in Henoch-Schonlein purpura: case report (2011)

In the current report, we describe a patient with moderate nephritis and severe skin Henoch Schönlein purpura (HSP) who has been treated with rituximab. Complete and sustained skin and renal remission resulted from the treatment. Thus, further studies are required to confirm the efficacy of rituximab as first-line treatment in HSP, and it might be an interesting new therapeutic option.
Foundations for Microwave Engineering (2001)

"FOUNDATIONS FOR MICROWAVE ENGINEERING, Second Edition, covers the major topics of microwave engineering. Its presentation defines the accepted standard for both advanced undergraduate and graduate level courses on microwave engineering. An essential reference book for the practicing microwave engineer, it features:. Planar transmission lines, as well as an appendix that describes in detail conformal mapping methods for their analysis and attenuation characteristics. Small aperture coupling and its application in practical components such as directional couplers and cavity coupling. Printed circuit components with an emphasis on techniques such as even and odd mode analysis and the use of symmetry properties.
Laser induced pressure pulse probe of charge distribution in thermally poled glass: Evidence of dipole polarisation? (1995)

For the first time charge distributions in thermally poled silica glass are mapped by using laser induced pressure pulse technique. The experimental results may be explained through postulating the formation of both real space charge layers and inside the depletion region.
Emulsion-Based Fluorosensors for Potassium Featuring Improved Stability and Signal Change (1999)

A novel kind of potassium optode is presented which is based on the use of lipophilic droplets containing valinomycin and entrapped in a structured hydrogel. A positively charged solvatochromic dye located near the surface of the droplets responds to the valinomycin-assisted extraction of potassium from the sample by dramatic decrease of fluorescence intensity. The dynamic range is from 5 to 100 mM potassium, with negligible cross sensitivity to ionic strength. Cross sensitivity to pH is negligible too in the pH range from 6.5 to 7.3. The effect of interfering lipophilic anions is discussed. Response times within the dynamic range are less than 3 min on going from low to high potassium ion concentrations but about 10 min in the reverse direction. Response is fully reversible with only small drifts in baseline. The measurement uncertainty of determining 5 mM potassium is better than 0.2 mM.
Impaired beta-cell functions induced by chronic exposure of cultured human pancreatic islets to high glucose. (1999)

In type 2 diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia has been suggested to be detrimental to beta-cell function, causing reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and disproportionately elevated proinsulin. In the present study, we investigated the effect on several beta-cell functions of prolonged in vitro exposure of human pancreatic islet cultures to high glucose concentrations. Islets exposed to high glucose levels (33 mmol/l) for 4 and 9 days showed dramatic decreases in glucose-induced insulin release and in islet insulin content, with increased proportion of proinsulin-like peptides relative to insulin. The depletion in insulin stores correlated with the reduction in insulin mRNA levels and human insulin promoter transcriptional activity. We also demonstrated that high glucose dramatically lowered the binding activity of pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (the glucose-sensitive transcription factor), whereas the transcription factor rat insulin promoter element 3b1 activator was less influenced and insulin enhancer factor 1 remained unaffected. Most of these beta-cell impairments were partially reversible when islets first incubated for 6 days in high glucose were transferred to normal glucose (5.5 mmol/l) concentrations for 3 days. We conclude that cultured human islets are sensitive to the deleterious effect of high glucose concentrations at multiple functional levels, and that such mechanisms may play an important role in the decreased insulin production and secretion of type 2 diabetic patients.
0.9V 12mW 2MSPS Algorithmic ADC with 81dB SFDR (2005)

Abstract—An ultra low-voltage CMOS two-stage algorithm ADC incorporating background digital calibration is presented. The adopted low-voltage circuit technique achieves high-accuracy high-speed clocking without the use of clock boosting or bootstrapping. A resistor-based input sampling branch demonstrates high linearity and inherent low-voltage operation. The proposed background calibration accounts for capacitor mismatches and finite opamp gain error in the MDAC stages via a novel digital correlation scheme involving a twochannel ADC architecture. The prototype ADC, fabricated in a 0.18µm CMOS process, achieves 81dB SFDR at 0.9V and 2MSPS (12MHz clock) after calibration. The ADC operates up to 5MSPS (30MHz clock) with 4dB degradation. The total power consumption is 12mW, and the active die area is 1.4 mm 2. I.
Modes of application of anti‐plaque chemicals (1986)

Because interdental and subgingival sites are relatively inaccessible to mouthrinsing, they necessitate alternative methods of application of anti-plaque chemicals. These include routine oral hygiene aids, surfactants to enhance uptake and retention of antimicrobials, gels and periodontal dressings. The principal modes of application that have received attention recently, apart from the systemic route, are syringe and pulsated jet irrigation and slow release compounds. Slow release devices currently receiving attention may be classified as membrane diffusion, solution of drug in polymer and solid drug dispersed in polymer matrix. The most widespread dental instance of a slow release device appears to be the use of varnishes and resins to carry fluoride. Recent attempts at devising improved methods of antimicrobial application include the testing of materials for their biodegradability or for their potential to adhere to mucosal surfaces. It is concluded that the potential exists for antimicrobials applied directly to the site of intended action to contribute significantly to dental health, particularly when employed as components of practical oral hygiene regimes.
An efficient caching support for critical sections in large-scale shared-memory multiprocessors (1990)

Directory-based and software-assisted schemes are the two main approaches to solving the cache coherence problem in large scale shared-memory multiprocessors. Until now, the emphasis in software-assisted schemes has been on ascertaining consistency within parallel constructs such as DoAll or DoAcross loops. In this paper, we propose a timestamped-based approach which also allows caching within critical sections. This scheme combines the best features of software-assisted and directory-based cache coherence protocols. It is based on a compile time analysis of interactions among critical sections and execution time local detection of cache incoherence by comparing the times when a variable was last written and last updated in the cache. A quantitative evaluation based on synthetic traces shows that this scheme results in hit ratios almost as high as in directory-based solutions while significantly reducing the network traffic.
Enhanced Identification of Postoperative Infections among Inpatients (2004)

We evaluated antimicrobial exposure, discharge diagnoses, or both to identify surgical site infections (SSI). This retrospective cohort study in 13 hospitals involved weighted, random samples of records from 8,739 coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures, 7,399 cesarean deliveries, and 6,175 breast procedures. We compared routine surveillance to detection through inpatient antimicrobial exposure (> 9 days for CABG, > 2 days for cesareans, and > 6 days for breast procedures), discharge diagnoses, or both. Together, all methods identified SSI after 7.4% of CABG, 5.0% of cesareans, and 2.0% of breast procedures. Antimicrobial exposure had the highest sensitivity, 88%-91%, compared with routine surveillance, 38%-64%. Diagnosis codes improved sensitivity of detection of antimicrobial exposure after cesareans. Record review confirmed SSI after 31% to 38% of procedures that met antimicrobial surveillance criteria. Sufficient antimicrobial exposure days, together with diagnosis codes for cesareans, identified more postoperative SSI than routine surveillance methods. This screening method was efficient, readily standardized, and suitable for most hospitals.