gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Earth Abundant Element Cu<sub>2</sub>Zn(Sn<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Ge<sub><i>x</i></sub>)S<sub>4</sub>Nanocrystals for Tunable Band Gap Solar Cells: 6.8% Efficient Device Fabrication (2011)

Cu2Zn(Sn1−xGex)S4 nanocrystals have been synthesized via batch reaction in oleylamine with no additional surfactants present. The nanocrystals are knife-coated on molybdenum substrates and then selenized to form a dense layer of Cu2Zn(Sn1−xGex)(S,Se)4, which is then used as the photoabsorbing layer in a thin film solar cell. The band gaps of the nanocrystals and the resulting solar cells are demonstrated to be controlled by adjusting the Ge/(Ge+Sn) ratio of the nanocrystal synthesis precursors. Solar cells fabricated from Cu2ZnGeS4 nanocrystal films yielded a power conversion efficiency of 0.51%. However, Cu2Zn(SnxGe1−x)S4 nanocrystals with a Ge/(Ge+Sn) ratio 0.7 yielded devices with an efficiency of 6.8% when synthesized to be Cu-poor and Zn-rich. This result opens the possibility of forming Ge gradients to direct minority carriers away from high recombination interfaces and significantly improve the device efficiency of CZTSSe-based solar cells.
Does the Wide Use of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Enhance the Selection and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance and Thus Threaten Our Health? (2010)

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used biocides that possess antimicrobial effect against a broad range of microorganisms. These compounds are used for numerous industrial purposes, water treatment, antifungal treatment in horticulture, as well as in pharmaceutical and everyday consumer products as preserving agents, foam boosters, and detergents. Resistance toward QACs is widespread among a diverse range of microorganisms and is facilitated by several mechanisms such as modifications in the membrane composition, expression of stress response and repair systems, or expression of efflux pump genes. Development of resistance in both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria has been related to application in human medicine and the food industry. QACs in cosmetic products will inevitably come into intimate contact with the skin or mucosal linings in the mouth and thus are likely to add to the selection pressure toward more QAC-resistant microorganisms among the skin or mouth flora. There is increasing evidence of coresistance and cross-resistance between QACs and a range of other clinically important antibiotics and disinfectants. Use of QACs may have driven the fixation and spread of certain resistance cassette collectors (class 1 integrons), currently responsible for a major part of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacteria. More indiscriminate use of QACs such as in cosmetic products may drive the selection of further new genetic elements that will aid in the persistence and spread of antimicrobial resistance and thus in limiting our treatment options for microbial infections.
The van Cittert-Zernike theorem in pulsed ultrasound-implications for ultrasonic imaging (2002)

A classical theorem of statistical optics, the van Cittert-Zernike theorem, is generalized to pulse-echo ultrasound. This theorem fully describes the second-order statistics of the spatial fluctuations (the spatial covariance) of the field produced by an incoherent source. As a random scattering medium is insonified, it behaves as an incoherent source. The van Cittert-Zernike theorem can thus predict the spatial covariance of the pressure field backscattered by a random medium. Experimental results obtained with a linear array are in good agreement with theoretical expectations. The implications of this theorem in speckle reduction and in focusing in nonhomogeneous media are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Targeting gold nanocages to cancer cells for photothermal destruction and drug delivery (2010)

Gold nanocages are a promising platform for cancer therapy in terms of both photothermal destruction and drug delivery.
Application of image processing to track twin boundary motion in magnetic shape memory alloys (2012)

Materials scientists make use of image processing tools more and more as technology advances and the data volume that needs to be analyzed increases. We propose a method to optically measure magnetic eld induced strain (MFIS) as well as twin boundary movement in Ni<sub>2</sub>MnGa single crystal shape memory alloys to facilitate spatially resolved tracking of deformation. Current magneto-mechanical experiments used to measure MFIS can measure strain only in one direction and do not provide information about the movement of individual twin boundaries. A sequence of images captured from a high resolution camera is analyzed by a boundary detection algorithm to provide strain data in multiple directions. Subsequent motion detection and Hough feature extraction provide quantitative information about the location and movement of active twin boundaries.
A Hybrid Interference Cancellation Scheme for Multiuser Systems in Multipath Fading Channels (2000)

Abstract A new hybrid interference cancellation (IC) scheme is proposed for the uplink of multirate direct‐sequence code division multiple access (DS‐CDMA) systems communicating over mobile radio channels. The hybrid IC scheme includes both non‐decision directed and decision directed IC, together with a modified RAKE combiner to utilize the diversity in a frequency‐selective channel. The performance is evaluated via computer simulations for the two multiple data rate schemes, mixed modulation and multicode, in a multipath environment. Both known channel parameters and channel estimation using pilot symbols are considered. The results show that rnulticode or a combination of multicode and mixed modulation are preferable when handling multirate system and the loss in performance compared to the single‐user bound is small.
Adaptive equalization for 100 Mbps OWSS wireless LANs (2002)

This paper utilizes a class of recently developed signaling pulses for 100 Mbps WLAN. Called OWSS (orthogonal wavelet spread spectrum) pulses, they are derived by spreading OWDM (orthogonal wavelet division multiplexing) pulses in the wavelet domain through a suitable family of PN codes. Significant advantages achieved are: wide time and frequency support, multi-user access capability, inherent frequency diversity hence robustness against frequency selective fading, and continuously pipelined operation - unlike OFDM. To effectively mitigate frequency selective multipath fading, equalization at the receiver is essential. Our OWSS receiver uses a forward equalizer (FE) and a decision feedback equalizer (DFE), together with LMS algorithm for adaptation. Theory as well as simulations experiments upon a 100 Mbit/s, 64QAM, OWSS based system over an indoor multipath channel with a maximum Doppler frequency of 5 Hz, show that a low BER can be achieved even without channel coding. Further, the paper demonstrates that the OWSS system passband spectrum is quite efficient.
A Web portal for CMS Grid job submission and management (2010)

We present a Web portal for CMS Grid submission and management. The portal is built using a JBoss application server. It has a three tier architecture; presentation, business logic and data. Bean based business logic interacts with the underlying Grid infrastructure and pre-existing external applications, while the presentation layer uses AJAX to offer an intuitive, functional interface to the back-end. Application data aggregating information from the portal as well as the external applications is persisted to the server memory cache and then to a backend database. We describe how the portal exploits standard, off-the-shelf commodity software together with existing Grid infrastructures in order to facilitate job submission and monitoring for the CMS collaboration. This paper describes the design, development, current functionality and plans for future enhancements of the portal.
Cymbeline. (1956)

Journal Article J. M. Nosworthy, ed.: Cymbeline Get access Cymbeline (New Arden Edition). Edited by J . M. Nosworthy. Harvard University Press, 1955. Pp. lxxxiv + 224. $3.85. Moody E. Prior Moody E. Prior Northwestern University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shakespeare Quarterly, Volume 7, Issue 1, Winter 1956, Pages 111–113, https://doi.org/10.2307/2866126 Published: 01 January 1956
Wavelets on graphs with application to transportation networks (2014)

The technological advancements in Intelligent Transport Systems have made it possible to acquire large amounts of traffic data in real-time. As a result, various data-mining techniques are being used to extract useful traffic patterns. The research presented in this article focuses on the detection of disruptive traffic events such as congestion. In most transportation studies, traffic parameters are typically modeled as time series. However, these techniques fail to incorporate the spatial dependencies between different traffic variables. In this work, the traffic quantities such as speeds are considered as the signals defined at the vertices of a network line graph. Furthermore, the graph wavelet operators are applied to the spatial signals to generate the wavelet coefficients at different wavelet scales. By analyzing these wavelet coefficients, useful information such as origin, propagation, and the span of traffic congestion are inferred. For analysis, we consider two major expressways in Singapore. The analysis shows that the abrupt changes in the speed can be captured by using the wavelet coefficients at the higher scales. On the other hand, the high magnitude coefficients at the lower wavelet scales reflect the smooth flow of the traffic across the network.
Mechanistic Aspects of On‐Line Electrochemical Tagging of Free <scp>L</scp>‐Cysteine Residues during Electrospray Ionisation for Mass Spectrometry in Protein Analysis (2003)

The mechanistic details behind an electrochemically induced tagging of L-cysteine residues in peptides and proteins have been unravelled using cyclic voltammetry. It was found that when hydroquinone is oxidised in the medium used in electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) a protonated form of benzoquinone is produced that acts as an efficient electrophile for free L-cysteine residues. Upon substitution of L-cysteine the reduced form of the adduct is formed, which may be further oxidised leading to further substitution of L-cysteine. Digital simulations of the cyclic voltammograms corroborated the mechanism and allowed a determination of the homogeneous second order rate constant corresponding to the addition of L-cysteine onto the protonated form of benzoquinone. The selectivity of the tagging process was confirmed using ESI-MS, which showed that a protein without L-cysteine residues does not react with benzoquinone dissolved in the medium. Finally, the kinetic information obtained in this investigation is used to discuss the optimal parameters for a nanospray capable of quantitative tagging of L-cysteine residues.
Modification of Rubber by Cardanol-Formaldehyde Resins and Epoxidized Cardanol (1996)

Abstract Cardanol-formaldehyde resin (CF) and cardanol glycidylether (CGE) have been synthesized for reinforcing natural rubber (NR), a blend of NR and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). The novolac CF resin reinforced the NR, SBR, and NBR. The resolic CF is not only a reinforcing agent but also a hardener (crosslinking agent) for NBR by means of the methylol groups of CF with the CN- group of NBR. The CGE resin was synthesized by the epoxidation of cardanol by epichlorohydrin; it could be used as a reinforcing agent for NR and for crosslinking maleinized NR. The results of estimates of the physical properties of the vulcanisate, their DSC diagrams, and SEM showed the enhanced properties of the final products.
Asymmetric Heck Reaction−Carbanion Capture Process. Catalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (−)-Δ<sup>9(12)</sup>-Capnellene (1996)

An asymmetric Heck reaction−carbanion capture process was realized for the first time, making possible the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of various functionalized bicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives 6 in up to 94% ee. Sodium bromide had interesting effects on this asymmetric Heck reaction−carbanion capture process, and these effects were useful for improving the enantiomeric excess. Furthermore, the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of (−)-Δ9(12)-capnellene (7) was achieved for the first time, using 6b as a key intermediate and a radical cyclization as a key step.
Interaction of Fentanyl and Buprenorphine in an Experimental Model of Pain and Central Sensitization in Human Volunteers (2012)

: For the doses administered in this study, buprenorphine and fentanyl showed an additive interaction.
QoS provisioning for wireless ATM by variable-rate coding (2003)

This paper presents a solution to the problem of providing quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees in an ATM network with wireless links. The suggested resolution to this problem is through selectable-rate channel coding. In particular, rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes are employed due to their several attractive features that make them favorable for ATM-based applications. In this adaptive scheme, the RCPC code rate is intelligently varied in response to the channel's nonstationary behavior according to the channel state information (CSI). This yields an equivalent stationary channel with a fixed and predetermined bit-error rate (BER) in which QoS can be guaranteed. In order to demonstrate the performance of RCPC codes in providing and maintaining the QoS, a lognormal fading channel model is assumed. An architecture is proposed for the wireless link. This system assumes that accurate CSI is available at the transmitter as well as at the receiver. Bandwidth utilization of the proposed system under various channel conditions is then evaluated, plotted, and discussed.
Criticality Assessment of Lifeline Infrastructure for Enhancing Disaster Response (2012)

In normal and hazardous situations, critical infrastructure systems such as roads, bridges, electricity, gas, and waste treatment facilities play a very crucial role in sustaining communities and industries. It is thus very important to examine the functional and structural stability of these supporting infrastructure systems. An assessment analyzing the criticality of infrastructure systems should be performed before impact of facing extreme events, such as hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes. The criticality assessment involves using a decision support system that incorporates vulnerability and severity assessments to provide emergency agencies and experts, relevant information that will facilitate an enhanced disaster mitigation response. This paper introduces the criticality assessment based on the interrelationships between the critical infrastructure systems, associated industries, and communities. The social, economic, and technical data of the 2008 Midwest floods were collected through interviews, site investigations, and survey questionnaires as a part of this research. Methodology includes the zone of influence of critical infrastructure, activity analysis, social and economic contribution, and priority analysis between the activities and infrastructure systems. Finally, the relative criticality levels of infrastructure systems were derived.
The life history of <i>Chondrus crispus</i> in culture (1972)

The life history of the rhodophycean alga, Chondrus crispus, was completed in culture in about 20 months. Plants established from tetraspores formed male and female gametophytes and subsequently carposporophytes; carpospores in turn gave rise to plants with mature tetrasporangia. Tetraspores from these resulted in second generation gametophytes. Carpospores of plants from nature developed into tetrasporophytes; gametophytes derived from the tetraspores became sexually mature within a year. Sporophytic and gametophytic plants were, as expected, morphologically similar. Rate of growth of plants in cultures was comparable with published observations made on plants in nature. Preliminary experiments showed that, in culture, regeneration can occur from both the erect frond and the basal disc. In the latter, erect fronds may arise from any point on the dorsal surface of the disc.
Improved high frequency performance of AlInAs/GaInAs HBTs through use of low temperature GaInAs (1990)

GaInAs grown at lower than normal substrate temperatures was used to reduce the amount of beryllium out-diffusion from the heavily doped bases of AlInAs/GaInAs Npn HBTs. A combined 20-nm-thick spacer structure of p-doped and undoped GaInAs grown at 300 degrees C prevented excessive amounts of beryllium from diffusing into the AlInAs emitter. This allowed base beryllium doping concentrations up to 10/sup 20/ cm/sup -3/ to be achieved, thereby reducing base resistance and increasing f/sub max/ to 70 GHz. A fifteen-stage ring oscillator utilizing these HBTs demonstrated a gate delay of 15.8 ps. The reduced outdiffusion was confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) elemental profiles in addition to electrical measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extraction and Analysis of Polyphenols: Recent trends (2010)

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in diets rich in fruits and vegetables and this is mostly due to their presumed role in the prevention of various degenerative diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This is mainly due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, among others. Polyphenols are one of the main classes of secondary metabolites derived from plants offering several health benefits resulting in their use as functional foods. Prior to the use of these polyphenols in specific applications, such as food, pharmaceutical, and the cosmetic industries, they need to be extracted from the natural matrices, then analyzed and characterized. The development of an efficient procedure for the extraction, proper analysis, and characterization of phenolic compounds from different sources is a challenging task due to the structural diversity of phenolic compounds, a complex matrix, and their interaction with other cellular components. In this light, this review discusses different methods of extraction, analysis, and the structural characterization of polyphenolic compounds.
Detection, cloning, and distribution of minisatellites in some mammalian genomes. (1993)

The chromosomal distribution of minisatellites (cloned and/or detected using natural or synthetic tandem repeats) is strikingly different in man and mouse. In man, the vast majority is clustered in the terminal band of a subset of chromosome arms. Interestingly, the class of shorter tandem repeats called microsatellites is widespread along the chromosomes, suggesting that minisatellites can be created or maintained only in certain regions. In order to gain a better knowledge of these areas, we have studied a sub-telomeric cosmid from the pseudoautosomal region. Sixty kilobases of human genomic DNA starting approximately 20 kilobases from the human sex chromosomes telomere have previously been independently isolated in two cosmid clones (locus DXYS14) (Cooke et al., 1985); Rouyer et al., 1986). We have studied in more detail one of the two cosmids from this locus and found that it contains four different minisatellite structures representing 20 kilobases of the cosmid. These structures are unrelated to each other or to the minisatellite family described by Jeffreys et al. (1985). They display different degrees of polymorphism correlated with varying amounts of inner homogeneity. Combined with the previous description of an additional minisatellite (Cooke et al., 1985; Inglehearn and Cooke, 1990) in the contiguous cosmid, our observation shows that these structures may represent an important proportion of the DNA in sub-telomeric regions.
Clinical applications of cone-beam computed tomography in dental practice. (2006)

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems have been designed for imaging hard tissues of the maxillofacial region. CBCT is capable of providing sub-millimetre resolution in images of high diagnostic quality, with short scanning times (10-70 seconds) and radiation dosages reportedly up to 15 times lower than those of conventional CT scans. Increasing availability of this technology provides the dental clinician with an imaging modality capable of providing a 3-dimensional representation of the maxillofacial skeleton with minimal distortion. This article provides an overview of currently available maxillofacial CBCT systems and reviews the specific application of various CBCT display modes to clinical dental practice.
Adherence pharyngeal and skin strains of group A streptococci to human skin and oral epithelial cells (1977)

Group A streptococci isolated from skin adhere in greater numbers to human skin epithelial cells than to cells obtained from buccal mucosa whereas streptococci isolated from a throat tend to adhere in greater numbers to buccal epithelial cells than to skin epithelial cells in vitro. M protein-producing strains of group A streptococci did not adhere in significantly greater numbers than M-negative strains. Lipoteichoic acid inhibited binding of streptococci to skin epithelial cells as well as was previously shown for oral epithelial cells. Our results suggest that lipoteichoic acid is more centrally involved than M protein in binding streptococci to skin and mucosal surfaces.
Integration of Proteomics, Bioinformatics, and Systems Biology in Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarker Discovery (2013)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major medical crisis without any FDA-approved pharmacological therapies that have been demonstrated to improve functional outcomes. It has been argued that discovery of disease-relevant biomarkers might help to guide successful clinical trials for TBI. Major advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have revolutionized the field of proteomic biomarker discovery and facilitated the identification of several candidate markers that are being further evaluated for their efficacy as TBI biomarkers. However, several hurdles have to be overcome even during the discovery phase which is only the first step in the long process of biomarker development. The high-throughput nature of MS-based proteomic experiments generates a massive amount of mass spectral data presenting great challenges in downstream interpretation. Currently, different bioinformatics platforms are available for functional analysis and data mining of MS-generated proteomic data. These tools provide a way to convert data sets to biologically interpretable results and functional outcomes. A strategy that has promise in advancing biomarker development involves the triad of proteomics, bioinformatics, and systems biology. In this review, a brief overview of how bioinformatics and systems biology tools analyze, transform, and interpret complex MS datasets into biologically relevant results is discussed. In addition, challenges and limitations of proteomics, bioinformatics, and systems biology in TBI biomarker discovery are presented. A brief survey of researches that utilized these three overlapping disciplines in TBI biomarker discovery is also presented. Finally, examples of TBI biomarkers and their applications are discussed.