gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Traffic sign recognition using Scale Invariant Feature Transform and color classification (2008)

In this paper, we propose a traffic sign detection and recognition technique by augmenting the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) with new features related to the color of local regions. SIFT finds local invariant features in a given image and matches these features to the features of images that exist in the training set. Recognition is performed by finding out the training image that gives the maximum number of matches. In this study, performance of SIFT in traffic sign detection and recognition issue is investigated. Afterwards, new features which increase the performance are added. Those are color inspection by using proposed color classification method and inspecting the orientations of SIFT features. These features check the accuracy of matches which are found by SIFT. Color classification method finds out true colors of the pixels by applying some classification rules. It is observed that adding color and orientation inspections raises the recognition performance of SIFT significantly. Obtained results are very good and satisfying even for the images containing traffic signs which are rotated, have undergone affine transformations, have been damaged, occluded, overshadowed, had alteration in color, pictured in different weather conditions and different illumination conditions.
Outcome following traumatic brain injury in the elderly: a critical review (2000)

It is premature to conclude from the published research to date that the elderly have a uniformly poor outcome following TBI. Directions for further research are suggested.
Service-aware network function placement for efficient traffic handling in carrier cloud (2014)

Carrier Cloud is a promising concept towards the decentralization of mobile networks, to, in turn, alleviate mobile traffic load and reduce mobile operator cost. Carrier cloud is enabled by two main approaches, namely virtualization of the mobile network functions and networking over federated cloud. For intelligent carrier cloud dimensioning, the placement of mobile network functions over federated cloud is of vital importance. In this vein, this paper argues the need for adopting service/application type and requirements as metrics for (i) creating virtual instances of the Packet Data Network Gateways (PDN-GW) and (ii) selecting adequate virtual PDN-GWs for User Equipment receiving specific application type. After modeling this procedure as a nonlinear Optimization Problem and proving it as a NP-hard problem, we propose three solutions to solve it. The proposed solutions are evaluated through computer simulations and encouraging results are obtained.
Morphologic changes of NG108-15 and SK-N-SH cells induced by toosendanin (2000)

Under incubation with toosendanin (TSN)-containing medium, light microscopy examination revealed that the bodies of NG108-15 cells were rounded and shrink, their processes shortened. And then float and death cells were occurred; For the SK-N-SH cells incubated with TSH, the instinct bounds among the cells in the serum-added medium, and float cells in the serum-deprived medium were found frequently. Transmission electromicroscopy observations showed that the toosendanin-induced death of cells. Either NG108-15 or SK-N-SH cells, did not tisplay the characteristic features which appeared when cell apoptosis.
A dual‐isotope rubidium comagnetometer to search for anomalous long‐range spin‐mass (spin‐gravity) couplings of the proton (2013)

Abstract The experimental concept of a search for a long‐range coupling between rubidium (Rb) nuclear spins and the mass of the Earth is described. The experiment is based on simultaneous measurement of the spin precession frequencies for overlapping ensembles of 85 Rb and 87 Rb atoms contained within an evacuated, antirelaxation‐coated vapor cell. Rubidium atoms are spin‐polarized in the presence of an applied magnetic field by synchronous optical pumping with circularly polarized laser light. Spin precession is probed by measuring optical rotation of far‐off‐resonant, linearly polarized laser light. Simultaneous measurement of 85 Rb and 87 Rb spin precession frequencies enables suppression of magnetic‐field‐related systematic effects. The nuclear structure of the Rb isotopes makes the experiment particularly sensitive to anomalous spin‐dependent interactions of the proton. Experimental sensitivity and a variety of systematic effects are discussed, and initial data are presented.
Synthesis and insecticidal activity of <i>N</i>‐methylenefluoroacetamide derivatives (1965)

Abstract Several N ‐methylenefluoroacetamides were synthesised and tested for contact (2 days) and systemic (7 days) activity against A phis fabae . The contact activity seemed to depend on the ease of hydrolysis to fluoroacetamide. Generally, the systemic activity of the compounds was similar to that of fluoroacetamide, indicating that, during the longer period allowed for the systemic tests, hydrolysis to fluoroacetamide took place as the first step. Some compounds were too stable and showed little contact or systemic activity. The acaricidal activity and mammalian toxicity were also determined. A hydrolysis path is indicated, and the greater stability of certain derivatives is discussed.
Learning Task-Oriented Grasping for Tool Manipulation from Simulated Self-Supervision (2018)

Tool manipulation is vital for facilitating robots to complete challenging task goals. It requires reasoning about the desired effect of the task and thus properly grasping and manipulating the tool to achieve the task. Task-agnostic grasping optimizes for grasp robustness while ignoring crucial task-specific constraints. In this paper, we propose the Task-Oriented Grasping Network (TOG-Net) to jointly optimize both task-oriented grasping of a tool and the manipulation policy for that tool. The training process of the model is based on large-scale simulated self-supervision with procedurally generated tool objects. We perform both simulated and real-world experiments on two tool-based manipulation tasks: sweeping and hammering. Our model achieves overall 71.1% task success rate for sweeping and 80.0% task success rate for hammering. Supplementary material is available at: bit.ly/task-oriented-grasp
Purified liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. Separation and characterization of multiple forms. (1975)

During the purification of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 (P-450LM), evidence was obtained for the occurrence of at least four distinct forms. These were distinguished by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate in the presence or absence of mercaptoethanol and were shown to have characteristic spectra as the reduced carbon monoxide complexes. They are designated by their relative electrophoretic mobilities. P-450LM2, which was purified to apparent homogeneity, is induced by phenobarbital and has a subunit molecular weight of 50,000. P-450LM4, which was also extensively purified, is induced by beta-naphthoflavone and has a molecular weight of 54,000. P-450LM1,7, which is induced neither by phenobarbital nor beta-naphthoflavone, is a mixtureMIXTURE OF ABOUT EQUAL AMOUNTS OF TWO FORMS WITH MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF 47,000 AND 60,000 RESPECTIVELY. Some preparations were obtained containing primarily P-450LM1 or P-450LM7. Benzphetamine, ethylmorphine, and p-nitroanisole are hydroxylated preferentially by P-450LM2, and benzpyrene by P-450LM1,7. Biphenyl is hydroxylated in both positions 2 and 4 by all of the preparations, but the latter position is strongly favored by the action of P-450LM2. Testosterone is hydroxylated primarily in position 16alpha by P-450LM2 and in position 6beta by P-450LM1,7. Although the occurrence of additional forms of the cytochrome with highly similar electrophoretic behavior is not ruled out, it appears that the presence of these forms differing in subunit molecular weight may account for the variety of catalytic activities attributed to this pigment of liver microsomes.
Design, Synthesis, and Biochemical Characterization of Non-Native Antagonists of the <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Quorum Sensing Receptor LasR with Nanomolar IC<sub>50</sub> Values (2020)

Quorum sensing (QS), a bacterial cell-to-cell communication system mediated by small molecules and peptides, has received significant interest as a potential target to block infection. The common pathogen <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> uses QS to regulate many of its virulence phenotypes at high cell densities, and the LasR QS receptor plays a critical role in this process. Small molecule tools that inhibit LasR activity would serve to illuminate its role in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> virulence, but we currently lack highly potent and selective LasR antagonists, despite considerable research in this area. V-06-018, an abiotic small molecule discovered in a high-throughput screen, represents one of the most potent known LasR antagonists but has seen little study since its initial report. Herein, we report a systematic study of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) that govern LasR antagonism by V-06-018. We synthesized a focused library of V-06-018 derivatives and evaluated the library for bioactivity using a variety of cell-based LasR reporter systems. The SAR trends revealed by these experiments allowed us to design probes with 10-fold greater potency than that of V-06-018 and 100-fold greater potency than other commonly used <i>N</i>-acyl-l-homoserine lactone (AHL)-based LasR antagonists, along with high selectivities for LasR. Biochemical experiments to probe the mechanism of antagonism by V-06-018 and its analogues support these compounds interacting with the native ligand-binding site in LasR and, at least in part, stabilizing an inactive form of the protein. The compounds described herein are the most potent and efficacious antagonists of LasR known and represent robust probes both for characterizing the mechanisms of LuxR-type QS and for chemical biology research in general in the growing QS field.
Annual Business Meeting (1966)

The meeting was called to order by President T. H. Bullock who first expressed thanks to the officers
Techniques in Electron Microscopy of Animal Tissue (2013)

Technical improvements in electron microscopy, both instrumental and preparative, permit increasingly accurate analyses. Digital images for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be processed by software programs that automate tasks and create custom tools that allow for image enhancement for brightness, contrast and coloration; for creation of rectangular, ellipsoidal or irregular area selections; and for measurement of mean area and standard deviation. Sample preparation remains a source of error since organelles and spatial arrangements of macromolecules rapidly change after anoxia. Guidelines for maintaining consistency in preparation, examination and interpretation are presented for different electron microscopy (EM) modalities.
Conversion of α-Amino Acids into Bioactive <i>o</i>-Aminoalkyl Resorcylates and Related Dihydroxyisoindolinones (2011)

The synthesis of biologically active o-aminoalkyl resorcylates and related dihydroxyisoindolinones from functionalized α-amino acids without the use of phenolic protection is described. The key aminoalkyl-diketo-dioxinone intermediates were prepared utilizing a crossed Claisen condensation reaction in the presence of diethylzinc. The aromatic unit was constructed via late stage cyclization and aromatization, and subsequent modification provided the novel resorcylates which showed activity against a selection of receptors and kinases, including 5-HT and CDK.
Transcatheter arterial embolization versus surgery for refractory non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis (2019)

The retrospective nature of the majority of included studies leads to selection bias. Furthermore, the decision of whether to proceed with surgery or refer to TAE was made on a case-by-case basis by each attending surgeon. Thus, external validity is low. Another limitation involves the variability in etiology of the refractory bleeding. TAE techniques and surgical procedure also differ consistently between different studies. Frame time for mortality detection differs between the studies. These limitations do not impair the power of the present study that represents the largest and most recent meta-analysis currently available.
Simple Learned Weighted Sums of Inferior Temporal Neuronal Firing Rates Accurately Predict Human Core Object Recognition Performance (2015)

To go beyond qualitative models of the biological substrate of object recognition, we ask: can a single ventral stream neuronal linking hypothesis quantitatively account for core object recognition performance over a broad range of tasks? We measured human performance in 64 object recognition tests using thousands of challenging images that explore shape similarity and identity preserving object variation. We then used multielectrode arrays to measure neuronal population responses to those same images in visual areas V4 and inferior temporal (IT) cortex of monkeys and simulated V1 population responses. We tested leading candidate linking hypotheses and control hypotheses, each postulating how ventral stream neuronal responses underlie object recognition behavior. Specifically, for each hypothesis, we computed the predicted performance on the 64 tests and compared it with the measured pattern of human performance. All tested hypotheses based on low- and mid-level visually evoked activity (pixels, V1, and V4) were very poor predictors of the human behavioral pattern. However, simple learned weighted sums of distributed average IT firing rates exactly predicted the behavioral pattern. More elaborate linking hypotheses relying on IT trial-by-trial correlational structure, finer IT temporal codes, or ones that strictly respect the known spatial substructures of IT ("face patches") did not improve predictive power. Although these results do not reject those more elaborate hypotheses, they suggest a simple, sufficient quantitative model: each object recognition task is learned from the spatially distributed mean firing rates (100 ms) of ∼60,000 IT neurons and is executed as a simple weighted sum of those firing rates. Significance statement: We sought to go beyond qualitative models of visual object recognition and determine whether a single neuronal linking hypothesis can quantitatively account for core object recognition behavior. To achieve this, we designed a database of images for evaluating object recognition performance. We used multielectrode arrays to characterize hundreds of neurons in the visual ventral stream of nonhuman primates and measured the object recognition performance of >100 human observers. Remarkably, we found that simple learned weighted sums of firing rates of neurons in monkey inferior temporal (IT) cortex accurately predicted human performance. Although previous work led us to expect that IT would outperform V4, we were surprised by the quantitative precision with which simple IT-based linking hypotheses accounted for human behavior.
Salivary Histatin 5 Induces Non-lytic Release of ATP fromCandida albicans Leading to Cell Death (1999)

Salivary histatins are potent in vitro antifungal proteins and have promise as therapeutic agents against oral candidiasis. We performed pharmacological studies directed at understanding the biochemical basis of Hst 5 candidacidal activity. Three inhibitors of mitochondrial metabolism: carbonyl cyanide p-chlorophenylhydrazone, dinitrophenol, and azide inhibited Hst 5 killing of Candida albicans, while not inhibiting cellular ATP production. In contrast, Hst 5 caused a drastic reduction of C. albicans intracellular ATP content, which was a result of an efflux of ATP. Carbonyl cyanide p-chlorophenylhydrazone, dinitrophenol, and azide inhibited Hst 5-induced ATP efflux, thus establishing a correlation between ATP release and cell killing. Furthermore, C. albicans cells were respiring and had polarized membranes at least 80 min after ATP release, thus implying a non-lytic exit of cellular ATP in response to Hst 5. Based on evidence that transmembrane ATP efflux can occur in the absence of cytolysis through a channel-like pathway and that released ATP can act as a cytotoxic mediator by binding to membrane purinergic receptors, we evaluated whether extracellular ATP released by Hst 5 may have further functional role in cell killing. Consistent with this hypothesis, purinergic agonists BzATP and adenosine 5'O-(thiotriphosphate) induced loss of C. albicans cell viability and purinergic antagonists prevented Hst 5 killing.
Sonoluminescence from nonaqueous liquids: emission from small molecules (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSonoluminescence from nonaqueous liquids: emission from small moleculesEdward B. Flint and Kenneth S. SuslickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 18, 6987–6992Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00200a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00200a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Paradoxical Growth-Promoting Effects Induced by Patterned Infusions of Somatostatin in Female Rats* (1988)

In previous studies with iv infusions of GH or its releasing factor (GRF), we showed that a pulsatile pattern of GH was more effective than continuous GH exposure in stimulating growth in the rat. Since GH release is profoundly affected by its inhibitory factor, somatostatin (SS), we were interested to know whether the effects of SS on GH secretion and growth were also dependent on its pattern of administration. SS infusions were given iv to conscious chronically cannulated female rats through programmable multichannel infusion pumps. Multiple blood samples were obtained with the use of an automated system of pumps, solenoid fluid valves, and a fraction collector, all controlled by a microcomputer. SS infusions (5, 25, or 50 micrograms/h) suppressed GH secretion and elicited a rapid, short-lived rebound release of GH after stopping the infusion. Sinusoidal SS infusions in female rats produced cyclic episodes of GH secretion, but a male type of regular 3-hourly secretory pulses of GH was best achieved by prolonged infusions in which the delivery of SS was interrupted for a short period every 3 h. This intermittent SS infusion pattern elicited a repetitive series of rebound bursts of GH secretion, which increased body weight gain and pituitary GH content. In contrast, continuous infusions of equivalent amounts of SS had no effect on body weight gain and reduced bone growth significantly. Thus the effects of SS on growth do depend on the pattern in which it is administered, and this peptide, which itself powerfully inhibits GH secretion, paradoxically stimulates weight gain in a normal animal when given in a manner that promotes a more pulsatile GH secretory pattern.
Camera pixel for coherent detection of modulated light (2004)

A CMOS pixel with local processing suitable for use in a modulated light camera is described. The pixel was designed to detect sinusoidally modulated light within the frequency range of 500 kHz–25 MHz. It consists of a photodiode, a transimpedance amplifier, a mixer and an active 150 Hz bandpass filter. It is a prototype design capable of further size reduction suitable for tiling into an array for imaging purposes. This allows the modulated light component of a frequency far in excess of the frame rate to be detected at the pixel level.
Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Glycopeptides (1998)

The glycopeptide antibacterial drugs, vancomycin and teicoplanin, are widely used in hospitals for therapy of severe or multiresistant infection that has a positive results on Gram's stain test. Although vancomycin resistance is common in some hospital-acquired Enterococcus sp and resistance to teicoplanin occurs among Staphylococci sp glycopeptides remain the cornerstone of therapy for infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus organisms, and infection related to implanted devices. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of these agents remains controversial, but advances in our understanding of their pharmacodynamics and further clinical studies are helping clarify the situation. In the future, a more rational approach to monitoring will probably result in less intensive monitoring of vancomycin but more intensive monitoring of teicoplanin.
Mechanism of platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor and microparticle formation under high shear stress (2006)

We describe here the mechanism of platelet adhesion to immobilized von Willebrand factor (VWF) and subsequent formation of platelet-derived microparticles mediated by glycoprotein Ibalpha (GPIbalpha) under high shear stress. As visualized in whole blood perfused in a flow chamber, platelet attachment to VWF involved one or few membrane areas of 0.05 to 0.1 microm(2) that formed discrete adhesion points (DAPs) capable of resisting force in excess of 160 pN. Under the influence of hydrodynamic drag, membrane tethers developed between the moving platelet body and DAPs firmly adherent to immobilized VWF. Continued stretching eventually caused the separation of many such tethers, leaving on the surface tube-shaped or spherical microparticles with a diameter as low as 50 to 100 nm. Adhesion receptors (GPIbalpha, alphaIIbbeta3) and phosphatidylserine were expressed on the surface of these microparticles, which were procoagulant. Shearing platelet-rich plasma at the rate of 10,000 s(-1) in a cone-and-plate viscosimeter increased microparticle counts up to 55-fold above baseline. Blocking the GPIb-VWF interaction abolished microparticle generation in both experimental conditions. Thus, a biomechanical process mediated by GPIbalpha-VWF bonds in rapidly flowing blood may not only initiate platelet arrest onto reactive vascular surfaces but also generate procoagulant microparticles that further enhance thrombus formation.
Manufacturing high quality urinary catheters. (2009)

Forty-four percent of hospital patients with indwelling catheters can develop significant bacteriuria within 72 hours of catheterisation. It is, therefore, critical that catheters are manufactured with perfectly smooth surfaces and apertures to reduce the potential for infection. An ultrasonic cutting technology is described here that produces smooth apertures and eliminates problems associated with debris.