gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Slowed Progression or Elimination of Atherosclerosis by Low-Frequency Electrical Impulses (2003)

Our study showed that, when applied near the abdominal aorta, low-frequency electrical impulses decrease atherosclerotic deposition in the abdominal aorta.
A brief history of CarbFix: Challenges and victories of the project’s pilot phase (2018)

The pilot phase of the CarbFix project ran for over a decade and consisted of the training of students, creating the scientific basis for the fixation of carbon dioxide in the subsurface through the in-situ carbonation of basalts, and the demonstration of this technology by fixing approximately 200 tons of injected CO2 as carbonate minerals during 2012 and 2013. Over the course of this effort numerous parts of this project have been reported in scientific articles, but a number of challenges including that of separating CO2 gas from a H2S-rich effluent gas, the clogging of the original CarbFix injection well and the damage to the project’s gas pipe by a third party that eventually shut down the project’s pilot phase, have yet to be detailed in the scientific literature. This brief manuscript reviews the CarbFix timeline over the past 12 years, describing in detail some of these challenges. CarbFix demonstrates how interdisciplinary collaboration between the green energy industry, academia, engineers and technicians allows for a fast and efficient development of the idea of battling climate change by permanently petrifying otherwise emitted CO2 in subsurface basalt formations into an economic industrial scale process useful to the global economy.
A Facile Synthetic Method for <sup>15</sup>N<sup>4</sup>-Labeled Cytosine Nucleosides (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Facile Synthetic Method for 15N4-Labeled Cytosine NucleosidesMagoichi Sako, Toshiyuki Kihara, Hiroyoshi Kawada, and Kosaku HirotaView Author Information Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1, Mitahora-higashi, Gifu 502-8585, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 26, 9722–9723Publication Date (Web):December 4, 1999Publication History Received20 July 1999Published online4 December 1999Published inissue 1 December 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9911589https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9911589brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views470Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cations,Cytosine,Genetics,Nucleic acids,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Requester-aware power reduction (2000)

Typically, power reduction is conducted by hardware techniques, such as varying clock frequencies and/or supply voltages. However, hardware devices consume power to serve the requests from software programs. Consequently, it is essential to consider software for power reduction. This paper proposes requester-aware power reduction through the collaboration with programs. Experimental results show that this approach can save nearly 70% power with negligible performance degradation.
Efficient Antigen Presentation to Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes by Cells Transduced with a Retroviral Vector Expressing the HIV-1 Nef Protein (1993)

In the classic model of antigen processing and presentation, viral antigens must be synthesized within the cytoplasm of infected cells to be processed and presented to CD8+, MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). We have examined the utility of a retroviral vector (pNeoNef) expressing the human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV-1)Lai Nef protein for the development of target cells to study HIV-specific CTLs. Autologous Epstein-Barr-transformed B cell lines (EBV-B cells) transduced with pNeoNef were efficiently lysed by CTL lines from donors capable of lysing EBV-B cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) expressing Nef. Also, the transduced cells were efficient stimulator cells for the generation of Nef-specific CTL lines. The CTL lines thus generated recognized the same epitopes as CTL lines from the same donor generated by nonspecific stimulation. The use of similar cell lines transduced with retroviral vectors expressing HIV proteins may be useful in the study of CTLs in HIV-infected donors and in the study of the ability of candidate vaccines, including rVV, to induce HIV-specific CTLs. As antigen-presenting cells, the cell lines may be useful in the generation of antigen-specific CTL lines.
Whole-Body Imaging of High-Dose Ionizing Irradiation-Induced Tissue Injuries Using <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Duramycin (2013)

As a proof of principle, this study demonstrated a noninvasive imaging technique that allows characterization of the temporal and spatial dynamics of injuries in susceptible tissues during the acute phase after high-dose ionizing irradiation. Such an imaging capability will potentially be useful for global, whole-body, assessment of tissue damage after radiation exposure. These data, in turn, will contribute to our general knowledge of tissue susceptibility to ionizing irradiation, as well as the onset and progression of tissue injuries.
Takes More than Love: A Practical Guide to Taking Care of an Aging Adult (Review) (2001)

A book review of Beckerman AG and Tappen RM. It Takes More than Love: A Practical Guide to Taking care of an Aging Adult.
Lessons Learned from the Natural Hosts of HIV-Related Viruses (2009)

The fact that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes a deadly disease in humans whereas its simian counterparts, the simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), are virtually nonpathogenic in their natural hosts remains a fundamental mystery of modern medicine. Arguably, the pathogenesis of HIV infection will remain poorly understood until the mechanisms responsible for the AIDS resistance of natural SIV hosts are fully explained. Over the past few years, some key features of natural SIV infections have been described in studies conducted predominantly in sooty mangabeys (SMs), African green monkeys (AGMs), and mandrills. Natural SIV hosts are able to avoid the chronic, generalized immune system activation that is associated with disease progression in HIV-infected individuals and have evolved to down-modulate the expression of CCR5 on CD4(+) T cells. Better elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the lack of disease progression of natural SIV infections holds promise for the design of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches to HIV infection.
Ceramide Signaling in Fenretinide-induced Endothelial Cell Apoptosis (2002)

Stress stimuli can mediate apoptosis by generation of the lipid second messenger, ceramide. Herein we investigate the molecular mechanism of ceramide signaling in endothelial apoptosis induced by fenretinide (N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR)). 4-HPR, a synthetic derivative of retinoic acid that induces ceramide in tumor cell lines, has been shown to have antiangiogenic effects, but the molecular mechanism of these is largely unknown. We report that 4-HPR was cytotoxic to endothelial cells (50% cytotoxicity at 2.4 microm, 90% at 5.36 microm) and induced a caspase-dependent endothelial apoptosis. 4-HPR (5 microm) increased ceramide levels in endothelial cells 5.3-fold, and the increase in ceramide was required to achieve the apoptotic effect of 4-HPR. The 4-HPR-induced increase in ceramide was suppressed by inhibitors of ceramide synthesis, fumonisin B(1), myriocin, and l-cycloserine, and 4-HPR transiently activated serine palmitoyltransferase, demonstrating that 4-HPR induced de novo ceramide synthesis. Sphingomyelin levels were not altered by 4-HPR, and desipramine had no effect on ceramide level, suggesting that sphingomyelinase did not contribute to the 4-HPR-induced ceramide increase. Finally, the pancaspase inhibitor, t-butyloxycarbonyl-aspartyl[O-methyl]-fluoromethyl ketone, suppressed 4-HPR-mediated apoptosis but not ceramide accumulation, suggesting that ceramide is upstream of caspases. Our results provide the first evidence that increased ceramide biosynthesis is required for 4-HPR-induced endothelial apoptosis and present a molecular mechanism for its antiangiogenic effects.
Operational RNA code for amino acids: species-specific aminoacylation of minihelices switched by a single nucleotide. (1995)

The genetic code is based on aminoacylation reactions where specific amino acids are attached to tRNAs bearing anticodon trinucleotides. However, the anticodon-independent specific aminoacylation of RNA minihelix substrates by bacterial and yeast tRNA synthetases suggested an operational RNA code for amino acids whereby specific RNA sequences/structures in tRNA acceptor stems correspond to specific amino acids. Because of the possible significance of the operational RNA code for the development of the genetic code, we investigated aminoacylation of synthetic RNA minihelices with a human enzyme to understand the sequences needed for that aminoacylation compared with those needed for a microbial system. We show here that the species-specific aminoacylation of glycine tRNAs is recapitulated by a species-specific aminoacylation of minihelices. Although the mammalian and Escherichia coli minihelices differ at 6 of 12 base pairs, two of the three nucleotides essential for aminoacylation by the E. coli enzyme are conserved in the mammalian minihelix. The two conserved nucleotides were shown to be also important for aminoacylation of the mammalian minihelix by the human enzyme. A simple interchange of the differing nucleotide enabled the human enzyme to now charge the bacterial substrate and not the mammalian minihelix. Conversely, this interchange made the bacterial enzyme specific for the mammalian substrate. Thus, the positional locations (if not the actual nucleotides) for the operational RNA code for glycine appear conserved from bacteria to mammals.
BACE Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimers disease (2007)

Accumulation of Abeta peptide in the brain results in the formation of amyloid plaques characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Abeta soluble oligomers and protofibrils are neurotoxic and these are believed to be a major cause of neurodegeneration in AD. Abeta is derived from a precursor protein by two sequential cleavage steps involving beta- and gamma-secretases, two proteolytic enzymes that represent rational drug targets. beta-secretase was identified as the membrane-anchored aspartyl protease BACE (or BACE1) and found to be elevated in brain cortex of patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we summarize current approaches towards the development of BACE inhibitors with focus on bioactive compounds and related patents. Recent reports have described drugs that are effective at inhibiting Abeta production in the brain of transgenic mouse models. The beginning of Phase I clinical trials has been approved for one of them and we can expect that in the near future BACE inhibitors will provide novel effective therapeutics to treat AD.
Disulfide crosslinked PEGylated starch micelles as efficient intracellular drug delivery platforms (2013)

Novel reduction-responsive disulfide core-crosslinked micelles based on amphiphilic starch-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (starch-g-PEG) were prepared and used for efficient intracellular drug delivery. The starch-g-PEG copolymers can be conveniently prepared by grafting starch with carboxyl group terminated PEG, and subsequently conjugated with lipoic acid for disulfide crosslinking. The self-assembled starch-g-PEG micelles and the corresponding disulfide core-crosslinked micelles were then characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic laser scattering and fluorescence techniques. It is interesting to observe that the hydrodynamic radii of disulfide core-crosslinked micelles would increase gradually in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) due to the cleavage of the disulfide bond in the micellar core, caused by the presence of reductive glutathione (GSH). The glutathione-responsive behaviors of the disulfide core-crosslinked micelles should be attractive for intracellular drug delivery. Thus, a model anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into micelles and the in vitro drug release in response to GSH was also studied. The results showed that only a small amount of loaded DOX was released from the core-crosslinked starch-g-PEG micelles in PBS solution without GSH, while quick release occurred in the presence of 10.0 mM GSH. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry analyses further demonstrate that the disulfide crosslinked micelles exhibited a faster drug release behavior in glutathione monoester (GSH-OEt) pretreated HeLa cells than that in the nonpretreated and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) pretreated cells. In addition, the DOX-loaded crosslinked micelles show higher cellular proliferation inhibition against GSH-OEt pretreated HeLa and HepG2 than against the nonpretreated and BSO pretreated ones. These results suggest that such disulfide crosslinked starch-g-PEG micelles, which can efficiently release the loading drug in response to intracellular GSH concentration, may provide favorable platforms for cancer therapy.
Labile nature of the visual recovery promoted by reverse occlusion in monocularly deprived kittens. (1984)

Kittens were monocularly deprived by closing one eye at the time of natural eye opening for periods that ranged from 4 to 14 weeks. This eye was then opened, and the other eye was closed for an approximately equal period of time. During this period of reverse occlusion, the vision of the initially deprived eye improved from apparent blindness to a level of good visual acuity. Surprisingly, however, this recovery was largely eliminated in only 2 weeks once the initially nondeprived eye was opened to restore visual input to both eyes. This finding has important implications for the nature of the mechanism(s) responsible for the dramatic physiological effects of monocular occlusion on the visual cortex. It may also help to elucidate recent observations on patching therapy in human amblyopia.
The Theory and Design of Long-Deflection Constant-Force Spring Elements (1952)

Abstract A thorough study of the “neg’ator,” its present and predictable applications and design procedures are discussed in the light of two years’ experience in neg’ator development, research, and testing. The neg’ator is characterized by properties which permit it to exert constant or controlled varying force through theoretically infinite deflection. Design formulas and operation of the three major forms of the neg’ator, (1) extension member, (2) A-motor, and (3) B-motor, are discussed and illustrated. The major existing applications of the neg’ator are examined in terms of form, function, field, and type of mechanism and are illustrated by several representative designs.
Exogenous nitric oxide inhibits in vivo platelet adhesion following balloon angioplasty (1992)

Exogenous nitric oxide, through the activation of platelet soluble guanylate cyclase, inhibits platelet adhesion in vivo following balloon angioplasty.
Implementation of the Philips treatment planning system for use in radiation teletherapy (1978)

The Philips TPS is a dedicated computer system primarily for the calculation and display or radiotherapy dose distributions resulting from multiple field and rotational beam teletherapy techniques. Although a comprehensive range of planning facilities is offered by the system, including calculations in a number of parallel slices taken through the patient, the amount of basic data required to program the system is modest. This paper describes the beam checks which are necessary in order to obtain the input data, and then examines how well the computed radiation beams compare with independently measured isodose distributions. Other features of the system are discussed and an assessment of its operational reliability is given. The recently developed interstitial program is not examined here.
Efficient hydrogen evolution in transition metal dichalcogenides via a simple one-step hydrazine reaction (2016)

Hydrogen evolution reaction is catalysed efficiently with precious metals, such as platinum; however, transition metal dichalcogenides have recently emerged as a promising class of materials for electrocatalysis, but these materials still have low activity and durability when compared with precious metals. Here we report a simple one-step scalable approach, where MoOx/MoS2 core-shell nanowires and molybdenum disulfide sheets are exposed to dilute aqueous hydrazine at room temperature, which results in marked improvement in electrocatalytic performance. The nanowires exhibit ∼100 mV improvement in overpotential following exposure to dilute hydrazine, while also showing a 10-fold increase in current density and a significant change in Tafel slope. In situ electrical, gate-dependent measurements and spectroscopic investigations reveal that hydrazine acts as an electron dopant in molybdenum disulfide, increasing its conductivity, while also reducing the MoOx core in the core-shell nanowires, which leads to improved electrocatalytic performance.
How do I thicken my cosmetic formula (2001)

This article explains how to select a thickener from nine basic thickener groups that enable the chemist to change a product's viscosity and rheological properties such as stability, feel and flow.
Novel Chelators for Cancer Treatment: Where Are We Now? (2012)

As part of the process of the clinical assessment of the new chelators, an extensive toxicological assessment in multiple animal models is essential for designing appropriate dosing protocols in humans.
Quality Prediction of Small Grain Forages by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy<sup>1</sup> (1983)

A paucity of information exists concerning the utility of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for prediction of forage quality of annual forage crops and concerning the influence of environmental and plant factors on NIRS prediction equation development and use. Our objective was to ascertain whether NIRS can be relied upon to predict the quality of small grain crop forages at diverse maturation stages. We assayed five forage quality traits in a total of 700 forages comprised of up to four field replicates of two cultivars each of oats ( Arena sativa L.), barley ( Hordeum vulgate L.), spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), and triticale ( Triticum durum Desf. ✕ Secale cereale L.) each harvested at six growth stages in two locations in years. Empirical quality prediction equations were obtained by multiple linear regression of known quality values on NIR values from 48 samples obtained from one replicate from one location in 1 year. A scanning monochromator NIR spectro‐computer system was used to develop the prediction equations and to validate them via tests of their applicability to the remaining 652 samples that were grown in other replicates or in other environments. From two to six wavelengths were needed to develop the best prediction equations for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) or in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM). The squared coefficients of multiple determination (R 2 ) of the prediction equations ranged from 0.92 for IVDDM to 0.99 for CP. These calibration equations predicted the quality values for samples from other replicates, locations, and years within standard errors of ± 0.7 to 1.1% for CP, ± 1.8 to 2.3% for NDF, ± 1.0 to 1.6% for ADF, ± 0.3 to 0.4% for ADL, and ± 3.1 to 4.1% for IVDDM. We concluded that NIRS can evaluate forage quality of small grain crops to a degree of accuracy equivalent to or greater than that reported for perennial forage species, and that relative forage quality of small grain crops was adequately determined for several growth environments when prediction equations were developed from forages grown in a single environment.
Cellular Localisation of Antitumoral 6‐Alkyl Thymoquinones Revealed by an Alkyne–Azide Click Reaction and the Streptavidin–Biotin System (2011)

The subcellular distribution and accumulation of thymoquinone 1, a natural anticancer agent, has hitherto been unknown. We prepared 6-(dec-9-ynyl)thymoquinone 3, an alkyne-labelled derivative with anticancer activity similar to that of its parent compound 1. Alkyne 3 was seen, after a Huisgen-type click reaction with 3-azido-7-hydroxycoumarin, to accumulate in distinct compartments of the nuclei of PtK(2) potoroo kidney cells, and in adjoining regions that were stained with an antibody specific for the Golgi apparatus. In contrast, a biotinlabelled thymoquinone 4 seemed to accumulate across the entire cell nucleus upon visualisation with streptavidin; but this was less easily traceable because of co-staining of other structures such as mitochondria. In conclusion, for small drug-like molecules, visualisation by alkyne-azide cycloaddition seems to be superior to conventional visualisation by the biotin-streptavidin system.
A low-profile power converter using printed-circuit board (PCB) power transformer shielded with ferrite polymer composite (2002)

A new design of low-cost and low-profile power transformer is presented in this paper. The manufacturing cost of a power transformer can be reduced using the proposed printed-circuit board (PCB) transformer. The transformer windings are etched on the opposite sides of a double-sided PCB. Self-adhesive ferrite polymer composite (FPC) sheets are stuck on the two PCB surfaces to shield the magnetic flux induced from the transformer windings. The PCB transformer does not require manual winding and bobbin. A power converter prototype employing the PCB transformer has been implemented. The technique of choosing the optimum switching frequency of the power converter using PCB transformer is addressed in this paper. The maximum power delivered from the prototype is 94 W. The maximum efficiency of the power converter is 83.5%.
Speedup of branch and bound method for hardware/software partitioning (2008)

This paper presents sensitivity analysis of branch and bound (B&B) method used for hardware/software partitioning task. The impact of all B&B parameters on computation time is theoretically analyzed and results of experiments are presented. Results show that most sensitive parameters are a lower bound function, a selection rule, a branching rule and an initial solution. To shorten B&B computation time these parameters have to be set properly and additional pre-optimization step should be applied. This pre-optimization step uses simulated annealing to set parameters in limited time. Results of experiments show that the computation time speedup x130 is achieved on average. This hybrid optimization is the most efficient presented so far.
Micro bump height derivation control with dynamic sizing patterning (2018)

Ubump is the key element for die-to-die stacking. However, the adoption of ubump will encounter higher cold joint risk than flip chip bump due to less solder volume and symmetry ubump pattern of stacking dies. In this study, the phenomenon of ubump height distribution across the die is analyzed. The mechanism of ubump height variation is discussed, and the approach for cold joint risk mitigation is demonstrated. The experiment result indicated 20% ubump height variation is achieved with dynamic sizing patterning.