gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct Small RNA Signatures in Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Breast Cancer Cell Lines (2016)

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and different subtypes of breast cancer show distinct cellular morphology, gene expression, metabolism, motility, proliferation, and metastatic potential. Understanding the molecular features responsible for this heterogeneity is important for correct diagnosis and better treatment strategies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their associated molecules have gained much attention as players in intercellular communication, ability to precondition specific organs for metastatic invasion, and for their potential role as circulating cancer biomarkers. EVs are released from the cells and contain proteins, DNA, and long and small RNA species. Here we show by high-throughput small RNA-sequencing that EVs from nine different breast cancer cell lines share common characteristics in terms of small RNA content that are distinct from their originating cells. Most strikingly, a highly abundant small RNA molecule derived from the nuclear 28S rRNA is vastly enriched in EVs. The miRNA profiles in EVs correlate with the cellular miRNA expression pattern, but with a few exceptions that includes miR-21. This cancer-associated miRNA is retained in breast cancer cell lines. Finally, we report that EVs from breast cancer cell lines cluster together based on their small RNA signature when compared to EVs derived from other cancer cell lines. Altogether, our data demonstrate that breast cancer cell lines manifest a specific small RNA signature in their released EVs. This opens up for further evaluation of EVs as breast cancer biomarkers.
Rapid thermal annealing of Se and Be implanted InP using an ultrahigh power argon arc lamp (1983)

A 100-kW water-walled dc argon arc lamp has been used for the first time to post anneal ion-implanted InP samples. Temperatures as high as 925 °C and short cycle times (3 and 10 s) are used for the process. Se and Be were ion implanted into room temperature and hot substrate InP samples. A sputter deposited SiO2 layer, 120 mm thick, covering all wafer surfaces was used as an encapsulant during the lamp anneal. Hot substrate Se implants (400 keV, 1.8×1014 cm−2, 200 °C) show an average mobility of 1415 cm2/Vs and an activation of ∼63%, and room-temperature Be implants (50 keV, 3.35×1013 cm−2 and 150 keV, 5.74×1013 cm−2) an average mobility of 88 cm2/Vs and activation of ∼45%. This annealing technique is straightforward and gives activations and mobilities comparable to, or better than, the best furnace anneals with sharp profiles and simplified surface encapsulation.
Evidence for a Novel Quinone-Binding Site in the Photosystem II (PS II) Complex That Regulates the Redox Potential of Cytochrome b559 (2006)

The present study provides a thorough analysis of effects on the redox properties of cytochrome (Cyt) b559 induced by two photosystem II (PS II) herbicides [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) and 2,4-dinitro-6-sec-butylphenol (dinoseb)], an acceleration of the deactivation reactions of system Y (ADRY) agent carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), and the lipophilic PS II electron-donor tetraphenylboron (TPB) in PS II membrane fragments from higher plants. The obtained results revealed that (1) all four compounds selectively affected the midpoint potential (E(m)) of the high potential (HP) form of Cyt b559 without any measurable changes of the E(m) values of the intermediate potential (IP) and low potential (LP) forms; (2) the control values from +390 to +400 mV for HP Cyt b559 gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of DCMU, dinoseb, CCCP, and TPB; (3) in the presence of high TPB concentrations, a saturation of the E(m) decrease was obtained at a level of about +240 mV, whereas no saturation was observed for the other compounds at the highest concentrations used in this study; (4) the effect of the phenolic herbicide dinoseb on the E(m) is independent of the occupancy of the Q(B)-binding site by DCMU; (5) at high concentrations of TPB or dinoseb, an additional slow and irreversible transformation of HP Cyt b559 into IP Cyt b559 or a mixture of the IP and LP Cyt b559 is observed; and (6) the compounds stimulate autoxidation of HP Cyt b559 under aerobic conditions. These findings lead to the conclusion that a binding site Q(C) exists for the studied substances that is close to Cyt b559 and different from the Q(B) site. On the basis of the results of the present study and former experiments on the effect of PQ extraction and reconstitution on HP Cyt b559 [Cox, R. P., and Bendall, D. S. (1974) The functions of plastoquinone and beta-carotene in photosystem II of chloroplasts, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 347, 49-59], it is postulated that the binding of a plastoquinone (PQ) molecule to Q(C) is crucial for establishing the HP form of Cyt b559. On the other hand, the binding of plastoquinol (PQH2) to Q(C) is assumed to cause a marked decrease of E(m), thus, giving rise to a PQH2 oxidase function of Cyt b559. The possible physiological role of the Q(C) site as a regulator of the reactivity of Cyt b559 is discussed.
Printable Superelastic Conductors with Extreme Stretchability and Robust Cycling Endurance Enabled by Liquid‐Metal Particles (2018)

Stretchable conductors are vital and indispensable components in soft electronic systems. The development for stretchable conductors has been highly motivated with different approaches established to address the dilemma in the conductivity and stretchability trade-offs to some extent. Here, a new strategy to achieve superelastic conductors with high conductivity and stable electrical performance under stretching is reported. It is demonstrated that by electrically anchoring conductive fillers with eutectic gallium indium particles (EGaInPs), significant improvement in stretchability and durability can be achieved in stretchable conductors. Different from the strategy of modulating the chemical interactions between the conductive fillers and host polymers, the EGaInPs provide dynamic and robust electrical anchors between the conductive fillers. A superelastic conductor which can achieve a high stretchability with 1000% strain at initial conductivity of 8331 S cm<sup>-1</sup> and excellent cycling durability with about eight times resistance change (compared to the initial resistance at 0% strain before stretching) after reversibly stretching to 800% strain for 10 000 times is demonstrated. Applications of the superelastic conductor in an interactive soft touch device and a stretchable light-emitting system are also demonstrated, featuring its promising applications in soft robotics or soft and interactive human-machine interfaces.
Management, sharing and reuse of service-based mobile applications (2015)

The Micro App Generator (MAG) environment automatically creates mobile applications directly on the smartphone, following a service composition approach. A Micro App is constituted by a sequence of steps, where each step requires the execution of a single service. A Micro App is designed by visually composing its application model. In this paper we describe how the Micro Apps are managed by the Micro App Store, a digital distribution platform for Micro Apps, aiming at empowering the end-users by enabling them not only to create new applications, but also to share them with other users. Thus, each user can download the graphical application models designed by others and reuse them to create new customized applications, without the requirement of programming skills. We also detail how REST-style Web services can be encapsulated to compose Micro Apps.
The mirror-reflections on inhabited TV (2002)

Inhabited TV is a vision of future television services in which multi-user virtual environments deliver unprecedented levels of audience participation. Social chat and interaction are mixed with professional content and programming to create on-line communities. The Mirror was a ground-breaking collaborative experiment in Inhabited TV created by BT, Sony Illuminations and the BBC. Six on-line worlds were available to over 2000 viewers of the BBC2 series "The Net" in January and February 1997, and this paper provides an overview of the project.
Spatial-temporal dynamics of pulmonary blood flow in the healthy human lung in response to altered F<scp>i</scp><sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub> (2012)

The temporal dynamics of blood flow in the human lung have been largely unexplored due to the lack of appropriate technology. Using the magnetic resonance imaging method of arterial spin labeling (ASL) with subject-gated breathing, we produced a dynamic series of flow-weighted images in a single sagittal slice of the right lung with a spatial resolution of ~1 cm(3) and a temporal resolution of ~10 s. The mean flow pattern determined from a set of reference images was removed to produce a time series of blood flow fluctuations. The fluctuation dispersion (FD), defined as the spatial standard deviation of each flow fluctuation map, was used to quantify the changes in distribution of flow in six healthy subjects in response to 100 breaths of hypoxia (FI(O(2)) = 0.125) or hyperoxia (FI(O(2)) = 1.0). Two reference frames were used in calculation, one determined from the initial set of images (FD(global)), and one determined from the mean of each corresponding baseline or challenge period (FD(local)). FD(local) thus represented changes in temporal variability as a result of intervention, whereas FD(global) encompasses both FD(local) and any generalized redistribution of flow associated with switching between two steady-state patterns. Hypoxic challenge resulted in a significant increase (96%, P < 0.001) in FD(global) from the normoxic control period and in FD(local) (46%, P = 0.0048), but there was no corresponding increase in spatial relative dispersion (spatial standard deviation of the images divided by the mean; 8%, not significant). There was a smaller increase in FD(global) in response to hyperoxia (47%, P = 0.0015) for the single slice, suggestive of a more general response of the pulmonary circulation to a change from normoxia to hyperoxia. These results clearly demonstrate a temporal change in the sampled distribution of pulmonary blood flow in response to hypoxia, which is not observed when considering only the relative dispersion of the spatial distribution.
Homeotropic alignment of liquid crystals on a nano-patterned polyimide surface using nanoimprint lithography (2011)

In this paper, nanoimprint lithography was utilized to transfer a nano-pattern (NP) onto a homeotropic polyimide (PI) surface for use in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). The nano-patterned silicon mold was fabricated by laser interference lithography. A NP PI layer acted as the homeotropic alignment layer to easily and uniformly align the liquid crystal (LC) molecules. A NP LC cell with a NP PI layer was successfully operated as a vertical aligned LCD, and its performance was evaluated. The threshold voltage and response time of the NP LC cell were 2.472 V and 22.7 ms, respectively. In addition, the NP LC cell was characterized by a high thermal budget. Therefore, the competitive performance of the NP LC cell could allow new approaches to replace the conventional rubbing process in display technology.
The Reduction of Deformation Energy and Increase in Workability of Metals Through an Applied Electric Current (2005)

Many manufacturing processes (e.g., forging, rolling, extrusion, and sheet metal) rely on the application of heat to reduce the forces associated with fabricating parts. However, due to the negative implications associated with hot working, another more efficient means of applying energy is desired. This paper investigates the changes in the material properties of various metals (aluminum, copper, iron, and titanium based alloys) in response to electricity flow. Theory involving electromigration, and, more specifically, electroplasticity, is examined and the implications thereof are analyzed. It is shown that, using electrical current, the flow stresses in a material are reduced, resulting in a lower specific energy for open-die forging. It is also shown that an applied electrical current can increase the forgeability of materials, allowing greater deformation prior to cracking. Additionally, elastic recovery is shown to decrease when using electricity during deformation. Finally, For most materials, these effects were dependent on strain rate.
Collagenase Activity of Cathepsin K Depends on Complex Formation with Chondroitin Sulfate (2002)

Bone resorption in balance with bone formation is vital for the maintenance of the skeleton and is mediated by osteoclasts. Cathepsin K is the predominant protease in osteoclasts that degrades the bulk of the major bone forming organic component, type I collagen. Although the potent collagenase activity of cathepsin K is well known, its mechanism of action remains elusive. Here, we report a cathepsin K-specific complex with chondroitin sulfate, which is essential for the collagenolytic activity of the enzyme. The complex is an oligomer consisting of five cathepsin K and five chondroitin sulfate molecules. Only the complex exhibits potent triple helical collagen-degrading activity, whereas monomeric cathepsin K has no collagenase activity. The primary substrate specificity of cathepsin K is not altered by complex formation, suggesting that the protease-chondroitin sulfate complex primarily facilitates the destabilization and/or the specific binding of the triple helical collagen structure. Inhibition of complex formation leads to the loss of collagenolytic activity but does not impair the proteolytic activity of cathepsin K toward noncollagenous substrates. The physiological relevance of cathepsin K complexes is supported by the findings that (i) the content of chondroitin sulfate present in bone and accessible to cathepsin K activity is sufficient for complex formation and (ii) Y212C, a cathepsin K mutant that causes pycnodysostosis (a bone sclerosing disorder) and that has no collagenase activity but remains potent as a gelatinase, is unable to form complexes. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of bone collagen degradation and suggest that targeting cathepsin K complex formation would be an effective and specific treatment for diseases with excessive bone resorption such as osteoporosis.
A wafer level encapsulated FBAR chip molded into a 2.0 mm × 1.6 mm plastic package for use as a PCS full band Tx filter (2004)

A high performance 2.0 mm /spl times/ 1.6 mm /spl times/ 1.0 mm full band filter is demonstrated. The small filter size is achieved by: 1) encapsulating the die in a chip scale hermetic package; and by 2) molding that chip scale package into a plastic chip-on-board package. This new packaging scheme reduces the filter cost and allows for further size reduction. The filter has a minimum insertion loss of /spl sim/ 1 dB, is guaranteed to have a 3.5 dB worst-case insertion loss in the Tx band (1850-1910 MHz), and typically exhibits 35 dB of rejection in the Rx band (1930-1990 MHz). The filter comprises high-Q FBAR resonators that enable it to make a sub-10 MHz transition from the pass to stop band. Hence the required rolloff within the 20 MHz (1%) guard band can be achieved while accounting for both manufacturing variations and operating temperature drifts. The filter achieves /spl sim/ 25 dB of rejection at the second harmonic (3700-3820 MHz) and typically 15 dB of rejection at the third harmonic (5550-5730 MHz).
BRAF Mutation (2003)

BRAF mutations have recently been detected with a high frequency (66%) in cutaneous melanoma. All those mutations are activating, with a single substitution (T1796A) at codon 599 (V599E) accounting for over 90%. To investigate the stage in which those mutations occur in the currently proposed sequential malignant transformation of melanocytes, 22 benign melanocytic nevi, 23 melanocytic atypical nevi, and 25 primary cutaneous melanoma from 63 different patients were examined for BRAF mutations using DNA extracted from microdissected formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues, and a two-round PCR-RFLP-based strategy. A subset of samples was sequenced for mutation confirmation. Sixteen benign (73%) and eleven atypical (52%) melanocytic nevi, and thirteen melanoma (56%) demonstrated BRAF mutations at codon 599, and no statistically significant differences were detected among all three types of lesions. No mutations were demonstrated in microdissected epidermal keratinocytes adjacent to melanocytic lesions having BRAF mutations. No correlation was detected between BRAF mutational status and age, sun exposure, and Clark's level in malignant melanoma. However, comparing only atypical nevi and melanoma lesions the frequency of BRAF mutation is significantly greater in male (78%) than female (35%) patients (P = 0.0194). The previously described T1796A point mutation was detected in 17 of 18 mutated samples, and a novel mutation consisting of a substitution of valine for lysine (GT1795-96AA) was detected in one melanoma case. Our findings of a high frequency of BRAF mutations at codon 599 in benign melanocytic lesions of the skin indicate that this mutation is not sufficient by itself for malignant transformation.
Design and performance of a prototype whole-body PET/CT scanner with fiber-optic readout (2005)

We have built and characterized the performance of a new whole-body PET/CT scanner. This 90 cm aperture system, with an extended 32 cm axial PET field of view, incorporates a high resolution PET detector utilizing small crystals and wavelength-shifting optical fiber readout. The PET device is operated in 3D mode with no septa, and is integrated with a 90 cm aperture 16-slice CT into a new wide-bore PET/CT system. Results are presented on performance measurements and an overall system description. The system provides the best combined sensitivity, contrast recovery, and spatial resolution of any current PET/CT. System live fraction is very high at clinical activities, due to a combination of highly segmented system optics and a distributed data acquisition system. Singles-based randoms subtraction, real-time live fraction measurement, and spectrally-resolved scatter subtraction are implemented. Phantom measurements demonstrate the new system's capability to produce high-quality images with low dose to the patient. The system is designed to accommodate the largest patients, potentially reducing claustrophobic reactions and facilitating radiation therapy planning and interventional applications.
Pareto Optimal Operation of Distributed Battery Energy Storage Systems for Energy Arbitrage under Dynamic Pricing (2015)

The optimal operation of a distributed battery energy storage system (BESS) for energy arbitrage under dynamic pricing is studied in this paper, and the Pareto optimal arbitrage policy that balances the economic value and lifetime tradeoff of the BESS is obtained. Specifically, the lifetime performance of the BESS is represented by its average lifetime, i.e., the average operational duration within which its capacity stays above a certain threshold, and the value performance of the BESS is defined as the total average arbitrage value within its entire lifetime. We propose a constrained stochastic shortest path (CSSP) model to characterize the optimal value-lifetime performance pair. By exploiting the hidden structure of this CSSP problem, an efficient parallel algorithm is proposed to compute the optimal policy. We further prove the condition under which the optimal policy is Pareto optimal. This implies that the achievable optimal value-lifetime performance pair is globally optimal as long as the system-wide utility is monotonically increasing in both the value performance and the lifetime performance. We validate our proposed model and algorithm via real battery specifications and electricity market data, and the results show promising insights for both infrastructure planning and operational management of BESSs in practice.
Aspect of Blame in Tweets (2017)

Twitter as an information dissemination tool has proved to be instrumental in generating user curated content in short spans of time. Tweeting usually occurs when reacting to events, speeches, about a service or product. This in some cases comes with its fair share of blame on varied aspects in reference to say an event. Our work in progress details how we plan to collect the informal texts, clean them and extract features for blame detection. We are interested in augmenting Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) with self-developed association rules in getting the most out of the data for training and evaluation. We aim to test the performance of our approach using human-induced terror-related tweets corpus. It is possible tailoring the model to fit natural disaster scenarios.
The Faculty of Public Health Medicine (1992)

In this article, the author describes the organization of the medical industry in the United Kingdom. As he provides some of the history of its development, he reveals the difficulties inherent in attempting to maintain both a centralized health service and an efficient system that is able to provide proper care for all communities throughout the nation.
NREM Sleep Continuity and the Sense of Having Slept in Normal Sleepers (1984)

We assessed the effects of the length of sleep prior to awakening on the sense of having been asleep in 11 normal, healthy, young adults. They were awakened a total of 194 times out of stage 2 sleep, 153 times out of REM sleep, and 13 times out of slow-wave sleep over 54 nights in the laboratory. At each awakening, subjects were asked if they had been awake or asleep prior to the arousal. Continuous sleep time prior to the awakening was calculated in minutes to the first visually scorable alpha intrusion exceeding 10 s on either the central or occipital electroencephalogram (EEG) tracings. The sense of having been asleep prior to a NREM sleep awakening is dependent on the length of continuous, prior sleep time. However, the sense of having been asleep when aroused out of REM sleep shows no relationship to the length of continuous, prior sleep time.
Molecular and functional characterization of novel CRFR1 isoforms from the skin (2004)

In our continued studies on corticotropin releasing factor receptor (CRFR1) signaling in the skin, we tested functional activity of CRFR1alpha, e, f, g and h isoforms after transfection to COS cells. Both membrane-bound and soluble variants are translated in vivo into final protein products that undergo further post-translational modifications. CRFR1alpha was the only isoform coupled directly to adenylate cyclase with the exception of an artificial isoform (CRFR1h2) with the insertion of 37 amino acids between the ligand binding domain and the first extracellular loop that was capable of producing detectable levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). Soluble isoforms could modulate cell response with CRFR1e attenuating and CRFR1h amplifying CRFR1alpha-coupled cAMP production stimulated by urocortin. Testing with plasmids containing the luciferase reporter gene, and inducible cis-elements (CRE, CaRE, SRE, AP1 or NF-kappaB) demonstrated that only CRFR1alpha was involved directly in the transcriptional regulation, while CRFR1g inhibited CRE activity. Significantly higher reporter gene expression by CRF was observed than that mediated by 4beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and forskolin alone, being compatible with the concomitant treatment by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and forskolin. This suggests that both protein kinase A and C can be involved in CRF-dependent signal transduction.
Propionic acid affects immune status and metabolism in adipose tissue from overweight subjects (2011)

We show that propionic acid, normally produced in the colon, may have a direct beneficial effect on visceral adipose tissue, reducing obesity-associated inflammation and increasing lipogenesis and glucose uptake. Effects on adipose tissue as a whole are at least partially explained by effects on macrophages but likely also adipocytes are involved. This suggests that, in vivo, propionic acid and dietary fibres may have potential in preventing obesity-related inflammation and associated diseases.