gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Magnetic Properties of ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Nanotubes (2010)

Ordered ZnFe 2 O 4 nanotube arrays with the average outer diameter of 100 nm were prepared in porous anodic aluminum oxide template using an improved sol-gel approach. The morphology was studied by transmission electron and field emission scanning electron microscope. X-ray diffraction result shows that the nanotubes were polycrystalline in structure. The magnetic properties of the prepared ZnFe 2 O 4 nanotubes were also studied. The results show that the sample shows typical superparamagnetism at room temperature and obvious ferromagnetism below blocking temperature.
Differential Regulation of Expression of Hyaluronan-Binding Proteoglycans in Developing Brain: Aggrecan, Versican, Neurocan, and Brevican (1998)

We have used a slot-blot radioimmunoassay to quantitate the levels of hyaluronan-binding chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in developing rat brain from embryonic day 14 (E 14) to eight months postnatal. Recombinant nonhomologous regions of the core proteins were used for immunization to obtain polyclonal antibodies specific for aggrecan, the alpha and beta domains of versican mRNA splice variants, and N- and C-terminal portions of neurocan, while brevican was quantitated using a specific monoclonal antibody. The concentration of aggrecan increased steadily during brain development up to 5 months of age, when it reached a level that was 18-fold higher than at E14. Alternatively spliced versican isoforms containing the alpha domain of the glycosaminoglycan attachment region were present at a relatively low level during the late embryonic and early postnatal period, decreased by approximately 50% between 1 and 2 weeks postnatal, and then increased steadily in concentration to reach a maximum at 100 days that was 7-fold that present at 10 days postnatal. In contrast to these results, versican isoforms containing the beta domain more than doubled in concentration between E14 and birth, after which they decreased by greater than 90% to reach a low "mature" level that remained unchanged between 2 and 8 months. The N- and C-terminal portions of neurocan (produced by a developmentally-regulated proteolytic cleavage in the middle of its chondroitin sulfate attachment region) both increased in embryonic brain during development, reached a peak in the early postnatal period, and then declined thereafter. As in the case of aggrecan, only traces of brevican were detected in embryonic brain and its concentration increased steadily after birth to reach an adult level that was approximately 14-fold higher than that present in neonatal brain. These striking and distinctive changes in the concentrations of the different members of this family of structurally related proteoglycans in developing brain, including changes in opposite directions for versican mRNA splice variants, indicate that the individual proteoglycans and their isoforms probably serve unique functions during nervous tissue histogenesis.
Suppression of adipogenesis by valproic acid through repression of USF1-activated fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes (2014)

VPA (valproic acid), a short-chain fatty acid that is a HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibitor, is known to suppress adipogenesis. In the present study, we identified the molecular mechanism of VPA-mediated suppression of adipogenesis in adipocytes. VPA suppressed the accumulation of intracellular triacylglycerol. The expression levels of PPARγ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ) and C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α), which are key regulators of adipogenesis, as well as the expression of SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase), were decreased by the treatment with VPA. Moreover, glycerol release was decreased in the VPA-treated cells, even though the transcription levels of ATGL (adipose triacylglycerol lipase), HSL (hormone-sensitive lipase) and MGL (monoacylglycerol lipase), all of which are involved in lipolysis, were elevated by the treatment with VPA. It is noteworthy that the expression level of FAS (fatty acid synthase) was significantly suppressed when the cells were cultured in medium containing VPA. Furthermore, VPA-mediated suppression of the accumulation of the intracellular triacylglycerols was prevented by the treatment with palmitic acid, a major product of FAS. The results of promoter-luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that USF1(upstream stimulating factor 1) bound to the E-box of the promoter region of the FAS gene. In addition, the expression of USF1 was decreased by the treatment with VPA. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the expression of the USF1 gene repressed adipogenesis along with the decreased expression of the FAS gene. The overexpression of USF1 enhanced both adipogenesis and the expression of FAS in VPA-treated cells. These results indicate that VPA suppressed adipogenesis through the down-regulation of USF1-activated fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes.
Notes: The Structure of 2-Substituted Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes: The Structure of 2-Substituted Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazolesB Stanovnik and M TislerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 12, 2234–2236Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 April 2003Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01082a613https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01082a613research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automatic simplification of particle system dynamics (2002)

We present a novel framework for automatically simplifying the dynamics computation of particle systems to improve simulation speeds. Our approach is based on a physically-based subdivision scheme to generate a hierarchy of approximated motion models or simulation levels of detail (SLOD). At each time step, the SLODs are updated on-the-fly, and the appropriate SLOD is chosen adaptively to reduce computational costs. We have tested a prototype implementation on the simulation of a water fountain and a galaxy system. The preliminary results show a significant performance gain on these scenarios with little loss in the visual appearance of the simulation, indicating the potential to generalize this approach to other dynamical systems.
Effect of ecdysone agonists on vitellogenesis and the expression of EcR and USP in codling moth (<i>Cydia pomonella</i>) (2003)

The effects of tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide on vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis/release in the fat body, translocation in hemolymph, uptake by the ovary, and the expression of the ecdysone receptor (EcR) and its heterodimer partner, ultraspiracle protein (USP) in fat body, were investigated in Cydia pomonella. The results indicated that both ecdysone agonists significantly increased the Vg level in the adult hemolymph when the moths were exposed to agonist-treated surfaces. However, these agonists did not affect Vg release from the fat body nor Vg deposition in the first batch oocytes. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of EcR and USP was significantly increased in tebufenozide- and methoxyfenozide-treated samples compared to the control, suggesting that ecdysone agonists regulated the Vg synthesis via the EcR and USP proteins complex.
CHO gene expression profiling in biopharmaceutical process analysis and design (2009)

Increase in both productivity and product yields in biopharmaceutical process development with recombinant protein producing mammalian cells can be mainly attributed to the advancements in cell line development, media, and process optimization. Only recently, genome-scale technologies enable a system-level analysis to elucidate the complex biomolecular basis of protein production in mammalian cells promising an increased process understanding and the deduction of knowledge-based approaches for further process optimization. Here, the use of gene expression profiling for the analysis of a low titer (LT) and high titer (HT) fed batch process using the same IgG producing CHO cell line was investigated. We found that gene expression (i) significantly differed in HT versus LT process conditions due to differences in applied chemically defined, serum-free media, (ii) changed over the time course of the fed batch processes, and that (iii) both metabolic pathways and 14 biological functions such as cellular growth or cell death were affected. Furthermore, detailed analysis of metabolism in a standard process format revealed the potential use of transcriptomics for rational media design as is shown for the case of lipid metabolism where the product titer could be increased by about 20% based on a lipid modified basal medium. The results demonstrate that gene expression profiling can be an important tool for mammalian biopharmaceutical process analysis and optimization.
Polymer/carbon nanotube composites: Challenges and opportunities (2004)

Due to their exceptional mechanical, physical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties, carbon nanotubes and especially single wall carbon nanotubes are playing a critical role in the development of high-performance polymer composites. Polymer/carbon nanotube composites are processed into films, fibers, and bulk composites with significant mechanical and physical property enhancements. Single wall carbon nanotubes have high specific surface area, which can be further increased in activated carbon/single wall carbon nanotube composites. Such composite systems are promising candidates for supercapacitor applications. While single wall carbon nanotubes offer outstanding opportunities in materials development, many of the predicted properties can be achieved only if the nanotubes are well dispersed, exfoliated, and oriented in the polymer systems of interest. Currently, research is in progress addressing these issues in conjunction with the processing and characterization of polymer/carbon nanotube composites.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases PhaC1 and PhaC2 from<i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i>1317 had different substrate specificities (2004)

The whole polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis gene locus of Pseudomonas stutzeri strain 1317 containing PHA synthase genes phaC1 Ps , phaC2 Ps and PHA depolymerase gene phaZ Ps was cloned using a PCR cloning strategy. The sequence analysis results of the phaC1 Ps , phaC2 Ps and phaZ Ps showed high homology to the corresponding pha loci of the known Pseudomonas strains, respectively. PhaC1 Ps and PhaC2 Ps were functionally expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli strains and their substrate specificity was compared. The results demonstrated that PhaC1 Ps and PhaC2 Ps from P. stutzeri 1317 had different substrate specificities when expressed in E. coli. In details, PhaC2 Ps could incorporate both short-chain-length 3-hydroxybutyrate and medium-chain-length 3hydroxyalkanoates (mcl 3HA) into PHA, while PhaC1 Ps only favored mcl 3HA for polymerization.
Maintenance of the 2 microns circle plasmid in populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1983)

The 2 microns circle plasmid is maintained at high frequencies in populations of yeast cells. To find out how the plasmid is maintained, three forces were measured: the selective advantage or disadvantage conferred by 2 microns circles, the rate of generation of [Cir0] cells, and the rate of illegitimate transfer of 2 microns circles from cell to cell. It was found that under the conditions used, 2 microns circles confer a selective disadvantage of about 1%, that [Cir0] cells are generated at the rate of 7.6 x 10(-5) per [Cir+] cell per generation, and that illegitimate transfer of 2 microns circles occurs at a rate less than 10(-7) per recipient cell per generation. The most likely explanation of 2 microns circle maintenance is that the plasmid is sexually transmitted at such a rate that it spreads through populations despite selection against it.
Integrated management of Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato using bio-agents mixed with either oxamyl or organic amendments (2011)

The effects of three commercial bio-products containing the bio-agents Bacillus megaterium (Bioarc®), Trichoderma album (Biozeid®) or Ascophyllum nodosum (Algaefol®), dried seed powder of Matricaria chamomilla and chitosan, each at 5 g or ml/kg soil, and the nematicide oxamyl at 0.01 g a.i/kg soil, alone or in combination, on Meloidogyne incognita in tomato were assessed in a glasshouse pot experiment. All treatments significantly improved plant growth and suppressed the nematode compared to untreated inoculated plants. Among the single treatments, the bio-products were the most effective with root gall reductions of 94.6% (Biozeid®), 89.1% (Bioarc®) and 81.7% (Algaefol®), similar to those obtained with the nematicide oxamyl (88.3%). The corresponding values for the suppression of the second-stage juveniles (J2) were 92.4%, 92.4% and 96.0%, again similar to oxamyl (91.2%). Chitosan and M. chamomilla were the least effective in suppressing the nematode. The efficacy of each of the bio-products against M. incognita was increased by the addition of oxamyl to the soil. The best combinations to reduce root galling (95.5%) and J2 in the soil (97.5%) were Biozeid® + oxamyl and Bioarc® + oxamyl, respectively. The combination of Algaefol ® + oxamyl significantly reduced tomato galling (88.4%) and M. incognita J2 in the soil (95.8%). The addition of the organic amendments chitosan and M. chamomilla to each of the bio-products increased the control of the nematode except for Biozeid® + M. chamomilla, Biozeid® + chitosan and Algaefol® + chitosan, which exhibited antagonistic interaction effects. Bioarc® + oxamyl and Algaefol® + M. chamomilla produced the greatest shoot length and weight. None of the combined treatments affected root length and weight of tomato, except Biozeid® + oxamyl which decreased and Algaefol® + chitosan which increased root weight.
Proteasome Inhibitors Stimulate Both Bone Formation and Hair Growth by Similar Mechanisms (2007)

We propose that the remodeling process that occurs in localized areas on endosteal bone surfaces and in Haversian canals shares many features in common with the mammalian hair cycle. In both, there are phases of resorption or regeneration, a transition phase, and then a phase of growth, termed anagen in the hair follicle, and formation in the bone remodeling cycle. Furthermore, we suggest that these processes both use the same molecular mechanisms, and specifically the Hedgehog-BMP-Wnt signal transduction cascades. We have found that proteasome inhibitors, which enhance bone formation by effects on these cascades, also stimulate anagen induction and hair growth in the murine and human hair follicle, and propose they do so by effects on similar or identical molecular targets.
Metal nanoring and tube formation on carbon nanotubes (2002)

The structural and electronic properties of aluminum-covered single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT's) are studied from first principles for a large number of coverages. Aluminum-aluminum interaction, that is stronger than aluminum-tube interaction, prevents uniform metal coverage, and hence gives rise to the clustering. However, a stable aluminum ring and aluminum nanotube with well defined patterns can also form around the semiconducting SWNT's and lead to metallization. The persistent current in the Al nanoring is discussed to show that a high magnetic field can be induced at the center of SWNT.
Implementation of an optimized Cassegrain system for radio telescopes (2008)

We present the antenna design for a radio interferometer, the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager, together with its beam pattern measurement. Our aim was to develop a low-cost system with high aperture efficiency and low ground-spill across the frequency range 12-18GHz. We use a modified cassegrain system consisting of a commercially-available paraboloidal primary mirror with a diameter of 3.7m, and a shaped secondary mirror. The secondary mirror is oversized with respect to a ray-optics design and has a surface that is bent towards the primary near its outer edge using a square term for the shaping. The antennas are simple to manufacture and therefore their cost is low. The design increased the antenna gain by approximately 10 per cent compared to a normal Cassegrain system while still maintaining low contamination from ground-spill and using a simple design for the horn.
Solar-Powered Desalination (2015)

Drinkable fresh water, being a fundamental need of human beings, has become a serious concern for people especially living in crowded cities and countries with limited amount of water resources. Supplying fresh water is an energy intensive task especially when there is need for heating cold water to evaporate for distillation. Most of the big desalination plants around the world use fossil-based fuels as energy source to heat and vaporize the sea water or brackish water in order to produce fresh water.
Waveform-Controlled Terahertz Radiation from the Air Filament Produced by Few-Cycle Laser Pulses (2012)

Waveform-controlled terahertz (THz) radiation is of great importance due to its potential application in THz sensing and coherent control of quantum systems. We demonstrated a novel scheme to generate waveform-controlled THz radiation from air plasma produced when carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) stabilized few-cycle laser pulses undergo filamentation in ambient air. We launched CEP-stabilized 10 fs-long (~1.7 optical cycles) laser pulses at 1.8 μm into air and found that the generated THz waveform can be controlled by varying the filament length and the CEP of driving laser pulses. Calculations using the photocurrent model and including the propagation effects well reproduce the experimental results, and the origins of various phase shifts in the filament are elucidated.
Asymmetry: What is it and what does it mean for the British armed forces? (2003)

(2003). Asymmetry: What is it and what does it mean for the British armed forces? Defence Studies: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 17-43.
Physicochemical Degradation of Titania‐Stabilized Soluble Phosphate Glasses for Medical Applications (2003)

Four different formulations of phosphate glasses in the system P 2 O 5 –CaO–Na 2 O–TiO 2 were developed. Their physicochemical, morphologic, and structural evolution was analyzed during in vitro degradation in SBF (simulated body fluid) at 37°C up to 16 weeks. The results showed that the addition of TiO 2 into the glass system enhanced both the elastic modulus and the chemical durability of the glasses. Indeed, the elastic modulus increased from 66.6 to 75.95 GPa and the weight loss percentage diminished from 1.6% to 0.3% with the addition of 8 mol% TiO 2 . A uniform and superficial degradation mechanism could be observed throughout the dissolution time by means of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP‐MS), and Raman spectroscopy. The degradation process undergone by these glasses allows them to maintain their mechanical properties during the degradation process. Therefore, these materials offer an interesting choice for slowly resorbable materials in biomedical applications.
Homocysteine and Cerebral Ischemia: Pathogenic and Therapeutical Implications (2007)

Homocysteine is a thiol aminoacid synthesized during the metabolism of methionine. Increased plasma levels of homocysteine can be the result of mutations in the enzymes responsible for homocysteine metabolism, particularly cystathionine-beta synthase (CBS) and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Additionally, nutritional deficiencies in B vitamin cofactors required for homocysteine metabolism, including folic acid, vitamin B6 (pyridoxal phosphate), and/or vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin), can induce hyperhomocysteinemia. Over the last decade, following in vitro and in vivo observations of a homocysteine-associated vascular pathology, convincing epidemiological evidence has been gathered on the relation between moderate elevation of plasma homocysteine and vascular disease, including cerebral ischemia. However, causality has yet to be established. The association between homocysteine and ischemic stroke might be a spurious epidemiological finding because of confounding or it might reflect reverse causality. If this is the case, elevated levels of plasma homocysteine should be interpreted as an epiphenomenon secondary to the vascular disease itself. Thus, whether lowering homocysteine concentration prevents cerebral ischemia remains to be determined. The only method to answer the question of the causal relation between homocysteine and ischemic stroke is by intervention trials in which patients at high vascular risk, such as those who have had a recent cerebral ischemic event are randomly allocated to placebo or homocysteine-lowering multivitamin therapy, and followed prospectively. Some of these randomized controlled trials are currently ongoing. Their results should hopefully resolve the issue in the next future.
Synthesis and characterization of novel sulfobetaines derived from 2,4‐tolylene diisocyanate (2001)

Abstract Novel sulfobetaines were synthesized from two urethanes derived from 2,4‐tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) blocked with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and either N,N ‐dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) or N,N ‐dimethylaminoethanolamine (DMAEA). The first‐stage reaction of TDI with HEMA was carried out in petroleum ether heterogeneously with the precipitation of the intermediate monoadduct product in the reaction solution. The second stage is a homogeneous reaction of the monoadduct with the blocking agent, DMAPA or DMAEA, in tetrahydrofuran (THF). In both reactions, an inhibitor, hydroquinone, and a catalyst, dibutyltin diacetate (DBDAc), were used. The tertiary amine urethanes were quaternized by 1,3‐propane sultone to form the two novel sulfobetaines. The results of the elemental analysis of those products along with their 1 H‐NMR and IR spectra indicated that these materials were, indeed, the compounds expected. The products dissolved in strongly polar organic solvents. The copolymerization of these two monomers with comonomers such as styrene, methyl methacrylate, acrylamide, and HEMA was investigated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3447–3459, 2001