gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Triplet-phase measurements using reference-beam X-ray diffraction (2000)

Reference-beam diffraction (RBD) is a recently developed phase-sensitive X-ray diffraction technique that incorporates the principle of multiple-beam diffraction into the standard oscillating-crystal data-collection method [Shen (1998). Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3268-3271]. Using this technique, a large number of multiple-beam interference profiles can be recorded simultaneously on an area detector, from which a large number of triplet phases of Bragg reflections can be determined in a crystallography experiment. In this article, both the theoretical developments and the experimental procedures of the RBD technique are described in detail. Approximate theoretical approaches for RBD are outlined and simple analytical expressions are obtained that provide the basis for an automated data-analysis procedure that can be used to extract triplet phases from a large number of measured reference-beam diffraction profiles. Experimental examples are given for a variety of crystals including GaAs, tetragonal lysozyme and AlPdMn quasicrystal, using both image plates and a charge-coupled device (CCD) as the area detector. Possible uses of the measured phases for crystal structure determination are discussed as well as future prospects of the RBD technique.
An Isoform of Branched-chain Aminotransferase Is a Novel Co-repressor for Thyroid Hormone Nuclear Receptors (2001)

The functions of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are regulated by a host of co-regulatory proteins. Tissue-specific expression of these co-regulators leads to distinct expression patterns and regulation of thyroid hormone (T3) target genes in tissues. Previously we have found that human colon carcinoma RKO cells exhibit strong T3-independent transcriptional activity. We therefore searched for co-regulatory proteins in RKO cells using a yeast two-hybrid system with the intact TRbeta1 as bait. One of the three positive clones, designated as P3, was identified to be an isoform of human mitochondria branched-chain aminotransferase (BCATm). P3 was a spliced variant of BCATm with an internal 12-amino acid deletion near the carboxyl-terminal region and was abundantly expressed in RKO cells. The expressed protein localized both to the mitochondria and the nucleus of transfected CV1 cells. P3 physically interacted with TRbeta1 in a T3-independent manner that led to the inhibition in binding of TRbeta1 to thyroid hormone-responsive element. P3 not only enhanced the repressor activity of the unliganded TR but also repressed the ligand-dependent activation of TR. This repression was reversed by treatment of cells with trichostatin A, suggesting that in addition to the inhibition of DNA binding, the repression activity of P3 on TR may also be mediated by histone deacetylase activity. Thus, unlike the currently known co-repressors, P3 is a novel ligand-independent co-repressor for TR.
A Gradient of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Regulates Mouse Epididymal Sperm Cell Start-Up1 (2009)

During transit through the epididymis, spermatozoa are normally kept immotile and do not attain the ability to become motile until they reach the caudal epididymis. This study was undertaken to determine whether endocannabinoids play a role in the epididymis and in particular in suppressing the ability of spermatozoa to become motile. We show that the levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are high in mouse spermatozoa isolated from the caput (head) of the epididymis, where these cells do not move (or possess sluggish and irregular motility) and decrease dramatically in spermatozoa isolated from the cauda (tail). The subsequent gradient regulates, via autocrine communication, the activity of cannabinoid receptor CNR1 (previously known as CB1) present on the sperm cell membrane and induces caudal spermatozoa to acquire the potential to become motile ("start-up"). Accordingly, the genetic or pharmacological inactivation of CNR1 increases number of motile spermatozoa in caput. Also, blockers of endocannabinoid cellular uptake inhibit the potential to move of spermatozoa and destroy the 2-AG gradient throughout the epididymis. This gradient-regulated mechanism may encourage further research for future therapies related to male infertility.
Novel Si Nanodisk Fabricated by Biotemplate and Defect-Free Neutral Beam Etching for Solar Cell Application (2010)

We have already developed a uniform silicon-based two-dimensional quantum dot superlattice (2D QDSL) (i.e., 2D array of Si nanodisks) on the x – y plane with high-density nanodisks (NDs) and controllable size and spacing between NDs. To integrate more nanodisks in the third dimension ( z -axis), a new stacked nanodisk (S-ND) has been developed by using thin film deposition, bio-template and advanced alternate etching. The S-ND structure comprises of two NDs connected vertically by coupling a tunnel junction (TJ). The scanning transmission electron microscopy image clearly revealed the stacked structure. The quantum confinement of S-ND was confirmed by observing the Coulomb staircase at room temperature. Tunneling current could be controlled by changing TJ thickness. By simply changing the ND thickness, band gap energy ( E g ) could be controlled. These characteristics of the quantum effect and E g play important roles in QDSL solar cells.
Using anti-Müllerian hormone to identify a good prognosis group in women of advanced reproductive age (2011)

Anti-Müllerian hormone is useful for identifying a good prognosis group in women of advanced reproductive age.
Systemic versus cartilage-specific expression of a type II collagen-specific T-cell epitope determines the level of tolerance and susceptibility to arthritis. (1996)

Immunization of mice with rat type II collagen (CII), a cartilage-specific protein, leads to development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a model for rheumatoid arthritis. To define the interaction between the immune system and cartilage, we produced two sets of transgenic mice. In the first we point mutated the mouse CII gene to express an earlier defined T-cell epitope, CII-(256-270), present in rat CII. In the second we mutated the mouse type I collagen gene to express the same T-cell epitope. The mice with mutated type I collagen showed no T-cell reactivity to rat CII and were resistant to CIA. Thus, the CII-(256-270) epitope is immunodominant and critical for development of CIA. In contrast, the mice with mutated CII had an intact B-cell response and had T cells which could produce gamma interferon, but not proliferate, in response to CII. They developed CIA, albeit with a reduced incidence. Thus, we conclude that T cells recognize CII derived from endogenous cartilage and are partially tolerized but may still be capable of mediating CIA.
Strontium ranelate improves delayed healing of osteolytic lesions of the jaw in a man with chronic osteomyelitis. Case report (2014)

We report the case of a man with osteolytic lesions of the right mandible due to chronic osteomyelitis, with delayed healing after six months of antibiotic therapy. The patient received off-label therapy with strontium ranelate, with significant radiological improvement of his condition after 3 months.
Ethanol sensor using tapered optical fiber coated with graphene-based nanomaterials (2014)

Recently, studies based on tapered optical fiber have received much attention as compared to conventional fiber. Tapered optical fiber was found to be more sensitive as compared to the conventional fiber due to the manner of light propagation in the tapered optical fiber core. Combining the tapered fiber with a nanomaterial based sensing layer can produce novel and highly sensitive optical sensor. Graphene and graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a leading materials in wide variety of applications including chemical sensing due to its exceptional thermal, optical and mechanical properties. Their nanostructures have a huge surface area that enhances the sensor-analyte interaction and thus, improves the sensing performance. However,their potentials as a sensing layer in the optical fiber sensor, system especially using tapered fiber towards volatile organic compounds such as liquid ethanol are yet to be fully explored. Ethanol is used in various industries such as pharmaceutical, food industries and medical. It is also increasingly used as a biofuel to replace the conventional fossil based fuels. In this thesis, ethanol sensors using tapered multimode optical fiber coated with graphene and GO were successfully developed.Tapered optical fibers were fabricated using Vytran glass processing workstation to achieve tapers with different waist diameters. The multimode tapered optical fibers were coated with graphene and graphene oxide as the sensing layer using the drop casting technique. Graphene was produced using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) while GO was produced using the simplified Hummers method. Graphene and GO thin films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM),Raman and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopies. The working principle of the optical sensor is based on the absorbance changes upon exposure to various ethanol concentrations in water. Sensing results indicate that the absorbance response changes linearly when the sensor was exposed to ethanol concentrations in the range of 5% to 40% in water. While both tapered optical fiber with and without the sensing layer reacted towards ethanol, the ones coated with graphene and GO showed higher sensitivity and displays high repeatability and reversibility. As compared to the fiber coated with graphene, the ones coated with GO exhibited fast sensing performance by having both response and recovery times of less than 40 s. The GO coated sensor also exhibited higher sensitivity, as much as 0.814/vol% ethanol concentrations, than graphene coated sensor, 0.669/vol% ethanol concentrations. The developed sensors could be a suitable candidate for the practical applications of environmental monitoring and safety requirements in industries.
The neurosteroid pregnenolone reverts microtubule derangement induced by the loss of a functional CDKL5-IQGAP1 complex (2017)

CDKL5 is a protein kinase that plays a key role for neuronal functions as testified by the onset of complex neuronal dysfunctions in patients with genetic lesions in CDKL5. Here we identify a novel interactor of CDKL5, IQGAP1, a fundamental regulator of cell migration and polarity. In accordance with a functional role of this interaction, depletion of CDKL5 impairs cell migration and impedes the localization of IQGAP1 at the leading edge. Moreover, we demonstrate that CDKL5 is required for IQGAP1 to form a functional complex with its effectors, Rac1 and the microtubule plus end tracking protein CLIP170. These defects eventually impact on the microtubule association of CLIP170, thus deranging their dynamics. CLIP170 is a cellular target of the neurosteroid pregnenolone; by blocking CLIP170 in its active conformation, pregnenolone is capable of restoring the microtubule association of CLIP170 in CDKL5 deficient cells and rescuing morphological defects in neurons devoid of CDKL5. These findings provide novel insights into CDKL5 functions and pave the way for target-specific therapeutic strategies for individuals affected with CDKL5-disorder.
Fluorescence and IR Characterization of Cure in Polyurea, Polyurethane, and Polyurethane−Urea (2002)

Fluorescence and IR spectroscopic techniques have been used to characterize cure in polyurea (PUa), polyurethane (PU), and polyurethane−urea (PUU), based on the study of model compounds. Polyurea cured in a nonreactive diluent by reacting liquid MDI (4,4‘-methylenebisphenyl diisocyanate) with 3,5-diethyltoluene diamine (DETDA) showed fluorescence intensity decrease at 339 nm due to DETDA consumption and an emerging peak near 310 nm from the formation of the urea derivative of MDI. The reaction at room temperature was complete after 50 min with supporting IR evidence of urea carbonyl at 1642 cm-1. When nonfluorescent liquid MDI was reacted with ethylene oxide terminated PPO (EO−PPO) to form polyurethane, the fluorescence intensity at 310 nm increased slowly, taking approximately 1500 min to plateau with an intensity increase of at least 15 times. For PUU, which was cured by reacting MDI, EO−PPO, and DETDA, the fluorescence behavior was more complex: first, a peak at 303 nm showed up immediately following the mixing of the reactants, probably due to urea group formation, while the peak at 333 nm decreased due to DETDA consumption, and second, the peak intensity at 303 nm, after a slight decrease began to increase with a gradual shift to 310 nm. These results were correlated with the overall extent of cure as well as the extent of urea and urethane formation monitored by FTIR spectroscopy. Within certain regions, the fluorescence behavior can be correlated to the extent of urea and urethane reaction.
Expression in Escherichia coli of the Extrinsic 18-kDa Protein of Photosystem II of Spinach (1995)

A cDNA encoding the precursor for the 18-kDa protein of PSII of spinach was expressed in Escherichia coli. When the cell lysate was incubated at 7 degrees C, the precursor was degraded by proteases of E. coli to a polypeptide of 18 kDa (P18) that consisted of the mature protein moiety plus the last four residues of the transit peptide. P18 was able to reconstitute the water-oxidizing complex of NaCl-treated PSII membranes supplemented with the 23-kDa protein. Moreover, P18 was cleaved by the prolyl endoproteinase of spinach specifically at the Pro-12-Leu-13 bond, as was the authentic 18-kDa protein. These properties of P18 indicate that the present expression system is potentially useful for studies of the substrate specificity of the endoproteinase, as well as of the structure-function relationships of the 18-kDa protein.
Coacervation for Flavor Encapsulation (1988)

Coacervation is a term borrowed from colloid chemistry to describe the basic process of capsule wall formation. The encapsulation process was discovered and developed by Barrett K. Green of the National Cash Register Corporation (NCR) in the 1940's and 1950's. Actually, coacervative encapsulation (or microencapsulation) is a three part process: particle or droplet formation; coacervative wall formation; and, capsule isolation. Each step involves a distinct technology in the area of physical chemistry. The first coacervative capsules were made using gelatin as a wall in an "oil-in-water" system. Later developments produced "water-in-oil" systems for highly polar and water soluble cores. The capabilities and limitations of coacervative encapsulation are presented along with the basic literature references. There is some discussion on the art of coacervation.
S3-P10: Embedded microfluidic cooling of high heat flux electronic components (2014)

In this paper, an embedded cooling approach is introduced for thermal management of High Power Amplifier (BPA) MMICs utilizing a microfluidic manifold bonded to the bottom of the HPA. The approach is applicable to current and future HPA technologies such as, for example, GaN/SiC and GaN/Diamond. The microfluidic contains a distributed network of micron-scale impingement jets and flow channels which are produced using a very flexible 3-Dimensional additive, photolithographic process. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been used to investigate the effect of manifold design parameters, such as jet shape, size and jet pattern on thermal performance and pressure drop. The approach is shown to be capable of simultaneously managing HEMT-level heat fluxes of greater than 40 kW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and die-level heat fluxes of 1 kW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> very efficiently. Potential thermal enhancement afforded by die back-side etching are also demonstrated
Input patterns and pathways from the six semicircular canals to motoneurons of neck muscles. I. The multifidus muscle group (1994)

1. The pattern of connections between the six semicircular canals and neck motoneurons of the multifidus muscle group was investigated by recording intracellular potentials from motoneurons in the upper cervical cord of anesthetized cats. 2. Synaptic potentials were recorded in motoneurons of the rectus capitis posterior (RCP) muscle at C1, the obliquus capitis inferior (OCI) muscle at C1 and C2, and the cervical multifidus muscle (Multi) at C4 in response to electrical stimulation of individual ampullary nerves of the six semicircular canals. Excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs or IPSPs, respectively) were evoked by separate stimulation of individual ampullary nerves in all of the neck motoneurons. Virtually all of the neck motoneurons received convergent inputs from the six ampullary nerves. 3. Motoneurons that supplied a single muscle had a homogeneous pattern of input from the six semicircular canals. There were two patterns of input from the six semicircular canals to motoneurons of the multifidus muscle group. RCP and Multi motoneurons were excited by stimulation of the bilateral anterior canal nerves (ACNs) and the contralateral lateral canal nerve (LCN) and inhibited by stimulation of the bilateral posterior canal nerves (PCNs) and the ipsilateral LCN. This input pattern is similar to that previously observed in other dorsal extensor muscles, whereas the other input pattern observed in OCI motoneurons is entirely new. OCI motoneurons at C1 and C2 were excited by stimulation of the ipsilateral ACN, PCN, and the contralateral LCN and inhibited by stimulation of the contralateral ACN, PCN, and the ipsilateral LCN. 4. Most postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) were disynaptic, but there were trisynaptic inhibitory connections between the contralateral ACN and PCN and OCI motoneurons, and between the contralateral PCN and RCP motoneurons. 5. The pathways for mediating these inputs from different semicircular canals to neck motoneurons were determined by making lesions in the lower medulla. Transection of the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fascicle (MLF) abolished the following potentials: all disynaptic PSPs in RCP motoneurons except the disynaptic EPSPs from the ipsilateral ACN, and in OCI motoneurons, disynaptic PSPs from the bilateral LCNs, and disynaptic IPSPs from the contralateral PCN. Complete bilateral section of the MLF did not affect the disynaptic EPSPs from the ipsilateral ACN in RCP motoneurons, the disynaptic EPSPs from the ipsilateral ACN and PCN in OCI motoneurons, nor the trisynaptic IPSPs from the contralateral ACN and PCN in COI motoneurons and from the contralateral PCN in RCP motoneurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The salivary proteins secreted from cannulated parotid and mandibular glands of cattle after pharmacological stimulation (1984)

Four cows were fitted with unilateral temporary cannulae to both parotid and mandibular glands in an experiment designed to determine which salivary proteins were secreted by these glands. Parasympathomimetic stimulation produced a large salivary flow from the parotid gland (50.8 ml/min) with a relatively low protein concentration. Mandibular flow rates were lower, but the protein concentration was high giving a total protein of 1.3 mg/min. Sympathomimetic stimulation, during a parasympathomimetic booster, reduced the flow rates from both glands but increased the total protein output 7-fold from the parotid and X-fold from the mandibular gland. Band 4 was the major protein secreted by the parotid gland while bands 3, 7 and 8 were the major bands secreted by the mandibular gland.
Exploiting Implementation Diversity and Partial Connection of Routers in Application-Specific Network-on-Chip Topology Synthesis (2014)

This paper proposes a novel application-specific Network-on-Chip (NoC) topology synthesis method, in which the partial connection and the implementation diversity of routers are exploited. NoC has emerged as a promising solution to future system-on-chip (SoC), and many researchers have focused on the automatic synthesis of NoC topology. In our observation, those NoC topology synthesis methods resemble the logic synthesis in the following sense: both the NoC topology synthesis and the logic synthesis determine the connections among the components where the components are the routers in the former and the logic cells in the latter. However, an outstanding difference is that the existing NoC topology synthesis methods consider only a single implementation for each size of router, whereas modern logic synthesis tools utilize multiple implementations of a cell to produce better netlist by the feature called technology mapping. To tackle this drawback, we propose a novel NoC topology synthesis methodology where the implementation diversity of routers is exploited to produce optimal topologies in terms of area and/or power consumption. Two different approaches, the post-process approach and the in-process approach, are proposed for exploiting the implementation diversity to provide flexibility between synthesis time and design quality. Also, the proposed method for characterizing and modeling routers makes it feasible to consider the implementation diversity even when the partial connection of routers is considered during the synthesis. Compared to the method in which the implementation diversity is exploited but the partial connection is not, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce the power consumption by up to 67.8% and 40.0% on average. On the other hand, compared to the method in which the partial connection is exploited but the implementation diversity is not, the power consumption is reduced by up to 12.0% and 3.4% on average.
REMOVAL OF CHROMIUM FROM HANFORD TANK SLUDGES (1999)

ABSTRACT Recent studies suggest that the chromium content in sludge wastes stored at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site will determine the amount of high-level borosilicate glass produced in immobilizing those wastes for disposal. Removing chromium from the sludge solids would reduce the mass of high-level borosilicate glass, which would likely result in a significant cost savings. We have been investigating oxidative leaching methods for removing chromium from Hanford wastes for a number of years. In these methods, chromium(III), which is insoluble under alkaline conditions, is converted to the soluble chromate ion. We have removed chromium on a laboratory scale from several different Hanford tank sludges. The most effective leaching agents investigated to date are permanganate and ozone, which readily oxidize chromium(III) to chromium(VI) under alkaline conditions. (a) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U. S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO ...
A Gallium Nitride switched-capacitor power inverter for photovoltaic applications (2012)

A Gallium Nitride (GaN) based switched-capacitor module integrated inverter (MII) is presented in this paper. This two stage solution first employs a dc/dc quadrupler that utilizes an interleaving charging scheme. This strategy not only reduces the high frequency current ripple subjected to the photovoltaic panel, but also decreases the voltage ripple on the DC link between the two stages. The second stage is a five-level boost inverter that is responsible for both maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and minimizing reactive power flow. Both stages utilize a resonant soft-switching scheme in the capacitor charging current loops to increase the MII's efficiency. Basic theoretical analysis and experimental results for the individual stages are included.