gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New challenges in next-generation optical network planning (2010)

This work summarizes the main challenges that arise and need to be addressed in the core networks of the next generation, focusing on the excessive power-consumption, the heterogeneity of the traffic and the ever-growing need for transmission capacity. To achieve the “greening” of optical networks this paper proposes an energy-driven planning framework consisting of promising research efforts that aim to this target. In addition, we discuss the heterogeneous nature of the traffic that is rapidly transforming today's optical networks so as to accommodate mixed-line rates of 10 Gb/s, 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s. To this end the associated planning issues are visited. The unprecedented data traffic growth though, drives future optical networks even beyond 100 Gb/s. Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (O-OFDM) is identified as a promising solution due to its intrinsic characteristics of spectrum efficiency and scalability, imposing though new networking constraints.
Platelet‐Rich Plasma Contains High Levels of Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor‐β and Modulates the Proliferation of Periodontally Related Cells In Vitro (2003)

These data demonstrated that both PDGF-AB and TGF-beta1 were highly concentrated in the PRP preparations. It is suggested PRP modulates cell proliferation in a cell type-specific manner similar to what has been observed with TGF-beta1. Since synchronized behavior of related cell types is thought to be required for successful periodontal regeneration, it is further suggested these cell type-specific actions may be beneficial for periodontal regenerative therapy.
Optoelectronic device for hematocrit measurements (2015)

An optoelectronic system for measurements of hematocrit level (HCT) in the whole human blood is presented. Proposed system integrates a dedicated optoelectronic sensor, a microcontroller and a small LCD display in a low cost, battery-powered, handheld device. Chosen method for determining blood hematocrit level is based on optical properties of whole blood in visible and NIR wavelength range. Measurements with the use of proposed system require blood samples (small drop in the range of microliters) which is placed in the micro cuvette. Then, absorption of the sample is measured at wavelengths of 570 nm and 880 nm. Prototype of the device was build and tested. Test results confirmed proper operation of the device with correct metrological parameters in application to HCT level measurements. Such a portable device can be used as a tool of bedside diagnosis, which becomes interesting alternative to full laboratory tests.
Hydroxyapatite degradation and biocompatibility (2004)

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used as a bioactive ceramics since it forms a chemical bonding to bone.The disadvantage of this material is its poor mechanical properties.HA can be degraded in body, which is the reason for its bioactivity, but too fast degradation rate could cause negative effects, such as macrophage present, particle generation, and even implant clinical failure.HA degradation rate will be greatly changed under many conditions: purity, HA form (i.e.bulk form, porous form, coating, or HA/polymer composites), microstructure, implant site, body conditions, etc.Although much work has been done in HA properties and application areas, the HA degradation behavior and mechanism under these different conditions are still not clear.In this research, three aspects of HA degradation have been studied: 1) Two very common impurities-Tri-Calcium Phosphate (TCP) and Calcium Oxide and their influences on HA degradation in vitro and in vivo, 2) influence of HA/polymer composite form on HA degradation, 3) HA material particle generation and related mechanism.From the in vitro and in vivo tests on bulk HA disks with various Ca/P ratios, HA degradation can clearly be found.The degradation level is different in different Ca/P ratio samples as well as in different test environments.In same test environment, nonstoichiometric HA samples have higher degradation rate than stoichiometric HA.HA/PMMA composite design successfully intensifies HA degradation both in vitro and iii in vivo.Grain boundary damage can be found on in vivo test samples, which has not been clearly seen on bulk HA degraded surface.HA particle generation is found in in vitro and in vivo HA/PMMA composite surface and in vivo bulk HA surface.Sintering temperature and time does affect HA grain size, and this affect HA degradation rate.Intergranular fracture is found in a several micron zone close to the Ca/P ratio 1.62 and 1.67 sample degraded surfaces.At Ca/P ratio greater than 1.667, after HA degradation in water, solution pH increases because of CaO presence.
Enhanced oil recovery of shallow wells with heavy oil: A case study in electro thermal heating of California oil wells (2009)

A combination of uncertain oil prices and the shortage of easy to produce oil has led energy companies to look to develop difficult oilfields that in the past would have been considered uneconomic. Even abandoned fields are being reopened with less than ideal recovery methods. It is with this mindset that many energy companies are looking to utilize new technologies or new technology applications to maximize the production of heavy oil wells where production has either decreased dramatically over the years, resulting in fields that - while still having ample reserves - are not considered to be viably economic to produce, or have not been economically viable given heavy oil production costs. Specifically, in California, approximately half of the state's crude oil reserves consist of heavy oil. However, using current or dated technology, less than nine billion barrels of heavy oil have been produced from an original total resource of 77 billion barrels. This paper explores the utilization of Electric Heat Tracing as a viable technology solution to bridge the gap between economic and uneconomic when considering heavy oil wells in the California region wherein production has dropped to an unacceptable level or production is not economically desirable. Historically, specific Electric Heat Tracing technologies have proven to be viable solutions - technically and economically - when considering the maximizing of well-output against the capital costs of new equipment required at the well. Recently, other Electric Heat Tracing technologies, such as Mineral Insulated Heating Cables or Skin-Effect Tracing Systems, have entered the arena of downhole heating or bottom hole heating considerations, providing a much needed solution for the development of the more difficult reservoir conditions. With this mindset, this paper will look at the specific application needs (i.e. heavy oil reservoirs throughout the California region), the available technology solutions with specific emphasis on Electric Heat Tracing, and the expected and realized results through the use of these available technology solutions. Further, this paper will highlight the system requirements for this solution, and the associated cost; with specific emphasis on return on investment when considering capital cost and operating cost expenditures.
High-Quality Inkjet Color Graphics Performance on Plain Paper (1994)

Realizing the color graphics performance of the HP DeskJet 1200C printer required simultaneous optimization of many interacting parameters of the ink and the architecture to deliver significant improvements in print quality, color gamut, throughput, and cost per copy.
Comparison of two convolutional orthogonal coding techniques for CDMA radio communications systems (1995)

For CDMA (code-division multiple-access) wireless communications systems, orthogonal signaling with noncoherent detection has been proposed when a reference phase is not available. In this paper, orthogonal signaling using Walsh signals is considered. Performance of the channel using error-correcting coding together with 1) bit-by-bit interleaving or 2) Walsh word-by-word interleaving is investigated. Simulation results show that for several types of fading and non-fading channels with practical amounts of interleaving and with practical power control, the second technique with complete soft decision decoding that has added complexity in the decoder gives significant reduction in the required signal to interference ratio (SIR) over the first technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of increasing dietary niacin on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs reared in two different environments1,2 (2002)

We conducted two experiments to determine the effects of added dietary niacin on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs. Pigs were blocked by weight and assigned to one of six dietary treatments in both experiments. Dietary treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal-based control diet (no added niacin) or the control diet with 13, 28, 55, 110, or 550 mg/kg of added niacin. In Exp. 1, pigs were housed at the Kansas State University research from with two pigs per pen (six pens per treatment per sex). In Exp. 2, pigs were housed with 26 pigs per pen (four pens per treatment per sex) in a commercial research barn. In Exp. 1, 144 pigs (initially 51.2 kg) were fed diets in two phases (d 0 to 25 and 25 to 62) that were formulated to 1.00 and 0.75% lysine, respectively. In Exp. 2, 1,248 pigs (initially 35.9 kg) were fed diets in four phases (d 0 to 28, 29 to 56, 57 to 84, and 85 to 117), with corresponding total lysine concentrations of 1.25, 1.10, 0.90, and 0.65% lysine, respectively. Added fat (6.0%) was included in the first three phases. In Exp. 1, average daily feed intake tended (quadratic, P < 0.07) to increase then return to values similar to control pigs as dietary niacin increased. Longissimus muscle (LM) 24-h pH (longissimus of pigs fed added niacin) tended to increase (control vs niacin, P < 0.06) for pigs fed added niacin. In the commercial facility (Exp. 2), increasing added niacin improved gain:feed (quadratic, P < 0.01) and subjective color score, and ultimate pH (linear, P < 0.01). Added niacin also decreased (linear, P < 0.04) carcass shrink, L* values, and drip loss percentage. Results from these two studies show that 13 to 55 mg/kg added dietary niacin can be fed to pigs in a commercial environment to improve gain:feed. It also appears that pork quality, as measured by drip loss, pH, and color, may be improved by higher concentrations of added dietary niacin.
Architecture for Mobility and QoS Support in All-IP Wireless Networks (2004)

Mobility management and quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning are the important tasks on the future development of wireless networks. The high host mobility makes these tasks more challenging. In this paper, we propose an architecture which supports both mobility and QoS management in Internet protocol (IP)-based wireless networks. In mobility management, the fast handoff, which the packets are forwarded in advance to the neighboring locations where a mobile node (MN) may move to, is provided to reduce the service disruption. Also, the fast location lookup, which the routing information about a MN is replicated to some routers, is provided to avoid the triangular routing problem incurred by the protocol of mobile IP. In QoS provisioning, we enable the end-to-end QoS guarantee by using the resource reservation protocol (RSVP) signaling. In particular, the RSVP aggregation technique is used to avoid the scalability problem. Also, the technique of passive resource reservation is used to reduce the influence of host mobility on the resource reservation delay. We emphasize the integration of mobility and QoS management in the architecture design. A performance analysis is given to justify the benefits of our proposed architecture.
Leak detection in pipes by frequency response method using a step excitation (2002)

This paper presents a new procedure utilizing transient state pressures to detect leakage in piping systems. Transient flow, produced by opening or closing a valve, is analyzed in the time domain by the method of characteristics and the results are transformed into the frequency domain by the fast Fourier transform. This method is used to develop a frequency response diagram at the valve end. The frequency response diagram of a system with leaks has additional resonant pressure amplitude peaks (herein called the secondary pressure amplitude peaks) that are lower than the resonant pressure amplitude peaks for the system if there were no leaks (herein called primary amplitude peaks). The location of a leak is determined from frequencies of the primary and secondary pressure amplitude peaks and the leak discharge is determined from the maximum and minimum discharge amplitudes. This method is applicable for practical values of the friction factor over the range 0.01 to 0.025 and can be used to detect leaks in real-life pipe systems conveying different types of fluids, such as water and petroleum. It can be used directly by comparing the frequency response diagram of a modeled system without leaks to the frequency response diagram developed by gradually opening or closing a valve at the downstream end of a pipe and taking measurements of pressure head and discharge at only one location.
Double‐Inverse‐Opal Photonic Crystals: The Route to Photonic Bandgap Switching (2006)

Abstract Photonic crystals with a complete bandgap can stop the propagation of light of a certain frequency in all directions. We introduce double‐inverse‐opal photonic crystals (DIOPCs) as a new kind of optical switch. In the DIOPC, a movable, weakly scattering sphere is embedded within each pore of the inverse‐opal photonic crystal lattice. Switching between a diffusive reflector and a photonic crystal environment is experimentally demonstrated. Theory shows that a complete bandgap can be realized that can be opened or closed by moving the spheres. This functionality opens up new possibilities for the control of light emission and propagation. The close link and interaction between the chemical synthesis and the computational design and analysis underlines the interdisciplinary focus of this report.
Regularized Output Kernel Regression applied to protein-protein interaction network inference (2013)

Link prediction in social networks as well as in biological networks [8, 12] have recently attracted considerable interest among machine learning community. In the area of social networks applications, many link predictors have been defined within the framework of probabilistic graphical models, building posterior probabilities [13, 15] while in the area of biological networks, a large
Dissecting a Small InfiniBand Application Using the Verbs API (2011)

InfiniBand is a switched fabric interconnect. The InfiniBand specification does not define an API. However the OFED package, libibverbs, has become the default API on Linux and Solaris systems. Sparse documentation exists for the verbs API. The simplest InfiniBand program provided by OFED, ibv_rc_pingpong, is about 800 lines long. The semantics of using the verbs API for this program is not obvious to the first time reader. This paper will dissect the ibv_rc_pingpong program in an attempt to make clear to users how to interact with verbs.
Warehouse Design and Operation using Augmented Reality technology: A Papermaking Industry Case Study (2019)

In modern, high competitive markets, efficient warehousing is critical as it accounts for a great part of logistics costs. Companies try to adopt highly adaptive and flexible warehouse design that may support the integration of novel technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR). This paper proposes a framework for warehouse design which minimizes inventory cost while keeping a high degree of service by supporting the integration of an AR warehousing system. The AR system will support the effective management of operations, by providing meaningful information. The proposed methodology is tested and validated in a real-life case study of a papermaking industry.
Discovery of circulating microRNAs associated with human prostate cancer using a mouse model of disease (2011)

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as useful non-invasive markers of disease. The objective of this study was to use a mouse model of prostate cancer as a tool to discover serum miRNAs that could be assessed in a clinical setting. Global miRNA profiling identified 46 miRNAs at significantly altered levels (p ≤ 0.05) in the serum of TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice with advanced prostate cancer compared to healthy controls. A subset of these miRNAs with known human homologues were validated in an independent cohort of mice and then measured in serum from men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC; n = 25) or healthy men (n = 25). Four miRNAs altered in mice, mmu-miR-141, mmu-miR-298, mmu-miR-346 and mmu-miR-375, were also found to be at differential levels in the serum of men with mCRPC. Three of these (hsa-miR-141, hsa-miR-298 and hsa-miR-375) were upregulated in prostate tumors compared with normal prostate tissue, suggesting that they are released into the blood as disease progresses. Moreover, the intra-tumoral expression of hsa-miR-141 and hsa-miR-375 were predictors of biochemical relapse after surgery. This study is the first to demonstrate that specific serum miRNAs are common between human prostate cancer and a mouse model of the disease, highlighting the potential of such models for the discovery of novel biomarkers.
Connexin mimetic peptides reversibly inhibit Ca<sup>2+</sup>signaling through gap junctions in airway cells (2000)

The effect of peptides with sequences derived from connexins, the constituent proteins of gap junctions, on mechanically stimulated intercellular Ca(2+) signaling in tracheal airway epithelial cells was studied. Three peptides with sequences corresponding to connexin extracellular loop regions reversibly restricted propagation of Ca(2+) waves to neighboring cells. Recovery of communication began within 10 min of removal of the peptides, with inhibition totally reversed by 20-40 min. The peptides were shown to be more effective in inhibiting Ca(2+) waves than glycyrrhetinic acid or oleamide. Inhibition of intercellular Ca(2+) waves by connexin mimetic peptides did not affect the Ca(2+) response to extracellular ATP. Although the intracellular Ca(2+) response of tracheal epithelial cells to ATP was greatly reduced by either pretreatment with high doses of ATP or application of apyrase, mechanically stimulated intercellular Ca(2+) signaling was not affected by these agents. We conclude that connexin mimetic peptides are effective and reversible inhibitors of gap junctional communication of physiologically significant molecules that underlie Ca(2+) wave propagation in tracheal epithelial cells and propose a potential mechanism for the mode of action of mimetic peptides.
Specialization in DITA (2002)

DITA is an architecture for creating topic-oriented, information-typed content that can be reused and single-sourced in a variety of ways. It is also an architecture for creating new information types and describing new information domains, allowing groups to create very specific, targeted document type definitions using a process called specialization, while at the same time reusing common output transforms and design rules.Specialization provides a way to reconcile the needs for centralized control of major architecture and design with the needs for localized control of group-specific and content-specific guidelines and controls. Specialization allows multiple definitions of content and output to coexist, related through a hierarchy of information types and transforms. This hierarchy lets general transforms know how to deal with new, specific content, and it lets specialized transforms reuse logic from the general transforms. As a result, any content can be processed by any transform, as long as both content and transform are specialization-compliant and part of the same hierarchy. You get the benefit of specific solutions, but you also get the benefit of common standards and shared resources.For some groups, specialization requires a radical move away from centralized processes into a world of negotiated possibilities that introduces many new stakeholders to the information management infrastructure. For other groups, specialization introduces centralization, and, while it provides new opportunities for sharing and reusing logic and design, it also requires new policies and procedures to bring disparate design and development activities into a cohesive, coordinated framework.Previous papers ([1],[2],[3],[4]) have described in some detail how the technology of specialization works, and how it can be implemented using off-the-shelf tools that are dependent only on base levels of W3C standards (XML 1.0, XSLT 1.0). This paper provides a brief summary of recent changes to DITA specialization, and describes their effects on processes, but concentrates primarily on policy considerations involved in the deployment of a specialization architecture.
Double-Trap Kinetic Equation for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pt(111) in Acidic Media (2007)

We derived an intrinsic kinetic equation for the four-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media using free energies of activation and adsorption as the kinetic parameters. Our kinetic model consists of four essential elementary reactions: a dissociative adsorption (DA) and a reductive adsorption (RA), which yield two reaction intermediates, O and OH; a reductive transition (RT) from O to OH; and a reductive desorption (RD) of OH. Analytic expressions were found for the O and OH adsorption isotherms by solving the steady-state rate equations. For the ORR on Pt(111) in 0.1 M HClO4 solution, we analyzed the measured polarization curves, thereby deducing activation free energies that are consistent with the values from theoretical calculations. The reductive adsorption (DeltaG*0RA=0.46 eV) is not the rate-determining step (RDS) for the ORR on Pt because dissociative adsorption (DeltaG*0DA=0.26 eV) offers a more favorable pathway at high potentials. It, however, generates strongly adsorbed O. The high activation barriers for the O to OH transition (DeltaG*0RT=0.50 eV) and OH desorption (DeltaG*0RD=0.45 eV) cause a large potential loss for the desorption-limited ORR. As the OH coverage increases to a constant value with decreasing potential, the Tafel slope increases to the value determined by a symmetric electron-transfer coefficient. We discuss the role of adsorption isotherm in kinetic analysis and, via activity-and-barrier plots, illustrate why the RDS may vary with reaction conditions or may not exist. Recognizing such features of electrocatalytic reactions can facilitate reaching the long-standing goal of quantitative descriptions and predictions of electrocatalysts' activities.