gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CC Chemokine Receptor 9 Expression Defines a Subset of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes with Mucosal T Cell Phenotype and Th1 or T-Regulatory 1 Cytokine Profile (2003)

The chemokine receptor CCR9 is expressed on most small intestinal lamina propria and intraepithelial lymphocytes and on a small subset of peripheral blood lymphocytes. CCR9-expressing lymphocytes may play an important role in small bowel immunity and inflammation. We studied the phenotype and functional characteristics of CCR9(+) lymphocytes in blood from normal donors. A subset of CCR9(+) T cells have a phenotype of activated cells and constitutively express the costimulatory molecules CD40L and OX-40. In contrast to CCR9(-), CCR9(+)CD4(+) peripheral blood T cells proliferate to anti-CD3 or anti-CD2 stimulation and produce high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-10. IL-10-producing cells were exclusively detected within the CCR9(+) subset of CD4(+) T cells by intracellular staining and were distinct from IL-2- and IFN-gamma-producing cells. Moreover, memory CCR9(+)CD4(+) lymphocytes respond to CD2 stimulation with proliferation and IFN-gamma/IL-10 production, whereas memory CCR9(-)CD4(+) cells were unresponsive. In addition, memory CCR9(+)CD4(+) T cells support Ig production by cocultured CD19(+) B cells in the absence of prior T cell activation or addition of exogenous cytokines. Our data show that the memory subset of circulating CCR9(+)CD4(+) T cells has characteristics of mucosal T lymphocytes and contains cells with either Th1 or T-regulatory 1 cytokine profiles. Studies on the cytokine profile and Ag specificity of this cell subset could provide important insight into small intestinal immune-mediated diseases and oral tolerance in humans.
Parallel pattern fault simulation based on stem faults in combinational circuits (2002)

Significant improvements in the speed of fault simulation of combinational circuits have been achieved by combining parallel pattern simulation of the fault-free circuit with tracing-based methods for identifying detected faults. The authors propose a method of reducing the expense of backtracing by identifying lines where backtracking may be stopped, and they show its efficiency through an experiment with a set of benchmark circuits. The proposed method has been implemented in the C language on a VAX 6210/VMS which has a machine word of 32 b. Thirty-two patterns are processed in parallel during true-value simulation, backtracing, and stem analysis. Calculations of the sensitivity, stem-criticality, and checkup vectors are performed by vector operations when each line is reached during first backtracing. The results indicate that the proposed method is more efficient than that of K.J. Antreich and M.H. Schultz (1987) for all the benchmark circuits that were simulated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Design of Dual Emitting Cores for Green Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Materials (2015)

Abstract Dual emitting cores for thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters were developed. Relative to the corresponding TADF emitter with a single emitting core the TADF emitter with a dual emitting core, 3,3′,5,5′‐tetra(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2,2′,6,6′‐tetracarbonitrile, showed enhanced light absorption accompanied by a high photoluminescence quantum yield. The quantum and power efficiencies of the TADF devices were enhanced by the dual emitting cores.
An open architecture for developing mobile location-based applications over the Internet (2002)

The mobile Internet is enabling a broad range of new applications that dynamically obtain information that is relevant to their current location. This type of application would greatly benefit from generic mechanisms for supporting the association between network resources and physical space, but existing systems are typically based on vertical approaches valid only for narrow application scenarios. This paper argues that a comprehensive solution to this issue should address the important challenges of heterogeneity and openness, and proposes an approach based on the concept of location-based service, i.e. a service whose usage is associated with physical space, as a generic abstraction to support the development of location-dependent systems. The paper describes a model for associating location scopes with services, an architecture to support the discovery of location-based services on the Internet, and a prototype infrastructure in which several services and applications have been developed for validating the architecture.
A 12-bit fully differential 2MS/s successive approximation analog-to-digital converter with reduced power consumption (2010)

This paper presents a 12-bit fully differential successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (ADC) operating at 2MS/s and designed for an optoelectronic range sensor as a system-on-chip device. The realized ADC uses several improvements to lower the power consumption to 10mW at 5V power supply and, at the same time, to increase the conversion rate up to the limits offered by the used 0.6μm process. The proposed interpolation network consists of partially segmented R-2R resistors ladder instead of the commonly used serial array to achieve lower power consumption as well as smaller active area. The fabricated chip occupies an active area of ~1.1mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> excluding pads. Measurement data, resulting in an effective number of bits of 11.55 at 1MS/s and 11.2 at 2MS/s, conform to simulations. The maximum measured differential non-linearity and integral non-linearity accounts to +0.3/-0.6LSB and ±0.7LSB respectively.
Identification of B-Cell Subsets (2004)

In the last few years, the effectiveness of developmental and functional studies of individual subsets of cells has increased dramatically owing to the identification of additional subset markers and the extension of fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) capabilities to simultaneously measure the expression of more markers on individual cells. For example, introduction of a 6-8 multiparameter FACS instrument resulted in significant advances in understanding B-cell development. In this chapter, we describe 11-color high-dimensional (Hi-D) FACS staining and data analysis methods that provide greater clarity in identifying the B-cell subsets in bone marrow, spleen, and peritoneal cavity. Further, we show how a single Hi-D FACS antibody reagent combination is sufficient to unambiguously identify most of the currently defined B-cell developmental subsets in the bone marrow (Hardy fractions A-F) and the functional B-cell subsets (B-1a, B-1b, B-2, and marginal zone [MZ] B cells) in the periphery. Although we focus on murine B-cell subsets, the methods we discuss are relevant to FACS studies conducted with all types of cells and other FACS instruments. We introduce a new method for scaling axes for histograms or contour plots of FACS data. This method, which we refer to as Logicle visualization, is particularly useful in promoting correct interpretations of fluorescence-compensated FACS data and visual confirmation of correct compensation values. In addition, it facilitates discrimination of valid subsets. Application of Logicle visualization tools in the Hi-D FACS studies discussed here creates a strong new base for in-depth analysis of B-cell development and function.
Gender and promotion in Academia (2000)

Studies and analyses changes to the promotion policies and practices at the University of Western Australia (UWA) and identifies outcomes by gender. Suggests that there are quite a few factors to be addressed before gender equity in academia at UWA is obtained. Discusses, in depth, how to try to deal with lack of networks, socialization, the dual‐role burden, masculine organizational culture and gendered power imbalance in the workplace. States that, although great inroads have been made at UWA, statistics show that there are still very fundamental barriers to be addressed to aid further improvement for women academics.
Lipid bilayer and water proton magnetization transfer: Effect of cholesterol (1991)

Magnetization transfer between macromolecules and water can be a significant factor contributing to tissue water 1H relaxation. Using saturation transfer techniques, the degree of magnetization transfer between the macromolecular matrix and bulk water 1H can be directly measured and magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) can be generated in MR images. A significant degree of MTC has been observed in tissues with high plasma membrane content such as kidney and brain. The purpose of this study was to establish whether lipid bilayers, as models for cell membranes, could exchange magnetization with the water solvent and whether this effect could contribute to MTC observed in intact tissues. Magnetization transfer was measured in aqueous dispersions of egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) in the presence and absence of cholesterol. It was found that neither EPC bilayers nor cholesterol by themselves significantly exchanged magnetization with bulk water 1H. However, as the concentration of cholesterol was increased, the pseudo-first-order magnetization exchange rate increased to a maximum value of approximately 1 s-1. The cholesterol-induced 1H magnetization exchange may be related either to longer correlation times of the lipid or to an increase in the number of water molecules associated with the bilayer. These results indicate that EPC-cholesterol bilayers exchange 1H magnetization with bulk water. These results are consistent with lipid bilayer contributions to bulk water relaxation and MTC in intact biological tissues.
Oritavancin: a new avenue for resistant Gram-positive bacteria (2005)

Oritavancin, a new semisynthetic glycopeptide has a spectrum of activity similar to vancomycin, although it exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-resistant staphylococci and enterococci species. It has a long-terminal half-life of 360 h, is highly protein bound and has been dosed once-daily in clinical trials. Oritavancin has been studied in complicated skin and skin structure infections where it was noninferior to the comparator group of vancomycin/cephalexin. Thus far, oritavancin has a favorable side-effect profile and appears promising in the treatment of multidrug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
Release of 7-methylguanine residues whose imidazole rings have been opened from damaged DNA by a DNA glycosylase from Escherichla coli (1979)

Double-stranded DNA containing 7-methylguanine residues whose imidazole rings have been opened, i.e. 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-N-methylformamido-pyrimidine residues, may be prepared by treatment of DNA with dimethyl sulfate followed by prolonged incubation at pH 11.4. These substituted formamidopyrimidine residues are actively removed from DNA by a DNA glycosylase present in E. coli cell extracts. The enz;me shows no apparent cofactor requirement and has a molecular weight of about 30 000. The release of ring-opened 7-methyl-guanine residues is due to a previously unrecognized activity, different from the three known E. coli DNA glycosylases that release uracil, 3-methyladenine, and hypoxanthine from DNA. This enzyme may serve to repair a major secondary alkylation product in DNA. In addition, it may remove nonmethylated purines, whose imidazole rings have been opened, from X-irradiated DNA.
Interleukin 1 induces NF-kappa B through its type I but not its type II receptor in lymphocytes. (1992)

It is not known whether one or both of the interleukin 1 (IL1) receptors mediates the induction of the DNA-binding protein NF-kappa B. Nuclear extracts of the murine lines EL4.NOB.1 and 70Z/3, which bear the type I (80 kDa) and type II (67 kDa) IL1 receptor, respectively, were analyzed by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. A 265-base pair sequence of the human serum amyloid A gene or a synthetic oligonucleotide each containing the NF-kappa B site were used as the DNA probes. IL1 induction of NF-kappa B was rapid (optimal at 15-30 min) and transient in both cell types. The IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1ra), which binds strongly to the type I receptor, inhibited the NF-kappa B response in both cell lines. IL1ra did not bind to the type II receptor on 70Z/3 cells as judged by competition for binding with 125I-IL1 alpha. When 125I-IL1ra binding to 70Z/3 cells was measured, a small number (10/cell) of high affinity sites (Kd = 5 x 10(-12) M) were detected. These were likely to have been type I receptor because an antibody to this inhibited the NF-kappa B induction in 70Z/3 cells (as well as EL4). Potential signal transduction mechanisms involving protein kinase C or oxygen radicals were studied. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced NF-kappa B with a similar time course to IL1 in 70Z/3 but only after 4 h in EL4.IL1 was unaffected by a protein kinase C inhibitor (staurosporine). H2O2 did not mimic IL1, and IL1 was not inhibited by an antioxidant. The type I receptor mediates the induction of NF-kappa B in response to IL1 via a signaling mechanism that still remains to be identified.
<title>Particle Velocity Measurements Of Laser-Induced Shock Waves Using ORVIS</title> (1984)

This paper discusses experiments in which 2 to 200-pm-thick aluminum foils were irradiated with Nd/YAG laser pulses at 3-4 GW/cm2 for 10 nsec. An optically recording velocity interferometer system (ORVIS) was used to record the resulting particle-velocity histories with nanosecond resolution. Results show that foils suspended in air are accelerated, over a period about three times the length of the laser pulse, to a final velocity inversely proportional to foil thickness. A 12-pm-thick foil attains a peak velocity of 0.2 km/sec. Foils confined by water undergo most of their acceleration during the laser pulse and attain surface velocities three times greater than do air-suspended foils of the same thickness.
1,1′‐Bis(methylphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene: Synthesis and Complexes with the Tetracarbonylchromium Fragment (1995)

Abstract 1,1′‐Bis(methylphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene (mppf) ( 2 ) was synthesized from dilithioferrocene and PMePh(OC 6 H 4 ‐4‐Me). The diastereomers rac ‐ 2 and meso ‐ 2 were separated by fractional crystallization from ethanol. The tetracarbonyl‐chromium complexes ( rac ‐ 2 )Cr(CO) 4 ( rac ‐ 5 ) and ( meso ‐ 2 )Cr(CO) 4 ( meso ‐ 5 ) were obtained photochemically from hexacarbonylchromium and mppf in near quantitative yield. The structures of rac ‐ 2 , rac ‐ 5 , and meso ‐ 5 were determined by X‐ray crystallographic analysis.
MULTIPLE FORMS OF ENZYMES: TISSUE, ONTOGENETIC, AND SPECIES SPECIFIC PATTERNS (1959)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
A Guide to the Perplexed on the Specificity of Antibodies (2008)

Many investigators are unaware of the potential problems with specificity of antibodies and the need to document antibody characterization meticulously for each antibody that is used. In this review, I consider the principles of antibody action and how they define a set of rules for what information should be obtained by the investigator before using an antibody in a serious scientific investigation.
Study of an advanced VRLA battery with titanium electrode (2008)

This study describes a high corrosion resistance technology for the positive electrode of lead acid battery that becomes possible by replacing a lead alloy grid by a SnO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> coated Ti collector. Experimental batteries with a Ti/SnO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> collector were subjected to accelerated float life test at 65 degree C and cycle life test at 25 degree C. The floating life at 65 degree C was more than 20 months, which means about 10 years at 40 degree C. The cycle life was more than 7,000 cycles when fully discharged every cycle.
Genetic dimorphism in influenza viruses: Characterization of stably associated hemagglutinin mutants differing in antigenicity and biological properties (1978)

Influenza virus recombinant X-53 produced for use in the 1976 National Immunization Program for swine influenza was found to comprise two types of virions differing in their antigenic, replicative, and plaque-forming characteristics. One type, characteristic of X-53 and designated "L," was relatively low-yielding in chicken embryos, produced small clear plaques in Madin-Darby dog kidney cells, and was selectively inhibited by heterotypic antibody to the A/sw/Cam/39 strain of swine influenza virus. The other, X-53a or "H," was high-yielding in chicken embryos, produced large turbid plaques in dog kidney cells, and was not inhibited by concentrations of A/sw/Cam/39 antisera inhibitory to X-53. It was shown that A/NJ/11/76 (HswN1) virus, from which X-53 was derived, and five other swine influenza virus isolates from humans and pigs were dimorphic mixtures of the two types of virus. Segregation of the hemagglutinin genes of L and H variants by further recombination demonstrated that their different properties were pleiotropic phenotypes of mutation in the hemagglutinin gene. Under selective conditions suppressive to the L mutant, mutation of cloned L to H virus was observed. This observation, as well as the apparent ubiquity of the two mutants in nature, suggests that this is another example of viral dimorphism-the stable association of two allelic mutants. Of special significance is the indication that antigenic variants may be selected by selection for properties other than antigenicity, and therefore may represent mutants with pathogenic effects determined by factors other than lesser modulation by host antibody.
Growth and characterization of epitaxial FexAl1−x/(In,Al)As/InP and III–V/FexAl1−x/(In,Al)As/InP structures (1999)

We report on the growth of high quality epitaxial FexAl1−x on (In,Al)As/InP with x=0.45–0.80 and thicknesses up to 1000 Å, and on overgrowth of III–V semiconductor on the metal. Buffer layers of (In,Al)As were grown on InP substrates in a III–V growth chamber, then transferred to an attached ultrahigh vacuum chamber with dual e-beam evaporators, where FexAl1−x layers were grown by co-evaporation. Despite a large lattice mismatch of ∼1%–2% between the metal and the semiconductor, high quality layers of FexAl1−x with thicknesses of up to 1000 Å were grown. The metal layers showed bright, streaky reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns, were specular under Nomarski microscopy, and had roughnesses of ∼1–2 monolayers as measured by atomic force microscopy. High resolution x-ray diffraction showed that even at 1000 Å, the layers were fully strained, and Pendellosung oscillations were observed, indicating high crystalline quality. Metal layers over ∼200 Å thick had resistivities in the range of those expected of bulk layers (50–100 μΩ cm). Reflectivities greater than 90% for λ=4–20 μm were observed for metal layers 1000 Å thick. Overgrowth of (In,Ga)As and (In,Al)As on the metal layers shows a marked sensitivity to As overpressure, possibly due to an In surface-riding layer on top of the metal.
An FPGA Design Space Exploration Tool for Matrix Inversion Architectures (2008)

Matrix inversion is a common function found in many algorithms used in wireless communication systems. As FPGAs become an increasingly attractive platform for wireless communication, it is important to understand the tradeoffs in designing a matrix inversion core on an FPGA. This paper describes a matrix inversion core generator tool, GUSTO, that we developed to ease the design space exploration across different matrix inversion architectures. GUSTO is the first tool of its kind to provide automatic generation of a variety of general purpose matrix inversion architectures with different parameterization options. GUSTO also provides an optimized application specific architecture with an average of 59% area decrease and 3X throughput increase over its general purpose architecture. The optimized architectures generated by GUSTO provide comparable results to published matrix inversion architecture implementations, but offer the advantage of providing the designer the ability to study the tradeoffs between architectures with different design parameters.
Orchard fruit segmentation using multi-spectral feature learning (2013)

This paper presents a multi-class image segmentation approach to automate fruit segmentation. A feature learning algorithm combined with a conditional random field is applied to multi-spectral image data. Current classification methods used in agriculture scenarios tend to use hand crafted application-based features. In contrast, our approach uses unsupervised feature learning to automatically capture most relevant features from the data. This property makes our approach robust against variance in canopy trees and therefore has the potential to be applied to different domains. The proposed algorithm is applied to a fruit segmentation problem for a robotic agricultural surveillance mission, aiming to provide yield estimation with high accuracy and robustness against fruit variance. Experimental results with data collected in an almond farm are shown. The segmentation is performed with features extracted from multi-spectral (colour and infrared) data. We achieve a global classification accuracy of 88%.
Multicast Routing Scheme for Recipient Maximization in Wireless Relay Networks (2010)

In this paper, we study the multicast routing problem in wireless relay networks. Our objective is to maximize the number of recipients of a multicast stream by deciding the topology of the wireless relay network based on the given resource budget and the channel quality of the nodes. To the best of our knowledge, this important maximization problem has not been previously addressed. Since existing approaches cannot effectively solve the problem, we propose a scheme called multicast subscriber selection (MSS). Through analysis, we prove that the path-construction problem is NP-hard. Our heuristic MSS has polynomial-time complexity, and its performance is bound to the optimal solution. We also evaluate the performance of MSS via simulations. The results demonstrate that the existing unicast routing approach is inefficient under different budgets and channel conditions. In contrast, the proposed MSS scheme achieves better performance, because it can effectively utilize relay stations.
Applying constraints to enforce users' intentions in free-hand 2-D sketches (1992)

Our system, Easel, is a smart CAD package which attempts to analyse and tidy up sketches as a designer draws them. In this paper, we present an overview of the system, details of its user interface and the curve-fitting approach. The main part of the paper is concerned with automatic methods to infer and enforce geometric relations intended by the user. We also discuss our conclusions as regards performance.
Packet Loss and Delay Measurement for the MPLS Transport Profile (2010)

An essential Operations, Administration and Maintenance requirement of
the MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) is the ability to monitor
performance metrics for packet loss and one-way and two-way delay for
MPLS-TP pseudowires, Label Switched Paths, and Sections. This document
specifies protocol mechanisms to facilitate the efficient and accurate
measurement of these performance metrics.
Incorporating Clause Learning in Grid-Based Randomized SAT Solving1 (2009)

Computational Grids provide a widely distributed computing environment suitable for randomized SAT solving. This paper develops techniques for incorporating clause learning, known to yield significant speed-ups in the sequential case, in such a distr