gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural origin biodegradable systems in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: present status and some moving trends (2007)

The fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine aim at promoting the regeneration of tissues or replacing failing or malfunctioning organs, by means of combining a scaffold/support material, adequate cells and bioactive molecules. Different materials have been proposed to be used as both three-dimensional porous scaffolds and hydrogel matrices for distinct tissue engineering strategies. Among them, polymers of natural origin are one of the most attractive options, mainly due to their similarities with the extracellular matrix (ECM), chemical versatility as well as typically good biological performance. In this review, the most studied and promising and recently proposed naturally derived polymers that have been suggested for tissue engineering applications are described. Different classes of such type of polymers and their blends with synthetic polymers are analysed, with special focus on polysaccharides and proteins, the systems that are more inspired by the ECM. The adaptation of conventional methods or non-conventional processing techniques for processing scaffolds from natural origin based polymers is reviewed. The use of particles, membranes and injectable systems from such kind of materials is also overviewed, especially what concerns the present status of the research that should lead towards their final application. Finally, the biological performance of tissue engineering constructs based on natural-based polymers is discussed, using several examples for different clinically relevant applications.
Review Lecture: Novel organic chemical processes (1968)

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to review some recent developments in industrial organic chemistry which have led, or seem likely to lead, to the establishment of new industrial processes for the production of bulk organic chemical products. The significance of some of the new and cheap, or potentially cheap, intermediates produced in such processes is pointed out in a few selected cases. In this review I shall concentrate on major new processes leading to large-scale organic chemical production. This invariably means continuous processes using as raw materials either petroleum hydrocarbons, including natural gas, or their cracked products. Because many important organic chemicals are oxygenated compounds, it is quite natural that the reaction of hydrocarbons with oxygen or air should have become quantitatively the most important area of industrial organic chemistry, apart that is from the field of polymerization. Certain processes involving the simultaneous reaction of hydrocarbons with oxygen and with a third reactant (such as hydrogen chloride, ammonia, etc.) have recently become very important industrially and will be reviewed in some detail. The potentialities of reactions involving hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, cheap and readily available raw materials, will also be considered.
Serial classifier combination for handwritten word recognition (2002)

The performance of off-line handwritten word recognition algorithms declines with increasing lexicon size, but may be improved by serial combination of classifiers. The authors address some issues relevant to the design of serial classifier combinations. They present experimental results that show that the performance of a serial combination depends on not only the intrinsic recognition power of the classifiers but also the relative orthogonality of their features. A top-choice recognition rate of 83% is obtained for a lexicon of size 1700 by combining two analytical word classifiers that perform individually at 70%. Even higher recognition rates may be expected from a serial combination of two classifiers with less correlated features, such as a high-performance holistic classifier with an analytical classifier.
Money and Violence in Chatino Communities of Oaxaca, Mexico (2016)

iAccepted wisdom in development practice is that if one increases income, one betters the standard of living. This paper explores the counter case posed by the introduction of coffee as a cash crop on communal lands within Chatino communities. It documents how coffee has led to transformations of land tenure which have distorted the distribution of land and has led to attendant increases in homicide rates, and infant and child mortality. The Premise of Development One of the fundamental assumptions of development work is this: the more one increases personal income, the better off people are. The corollary of this assumption is that the way to raise personal income is to push people to grow those crops which promise the greatest return. Using the Chatino venture into coffee production as an example, I shall argue that while from a national point of view coffee production has been a great success, generating needed capital for foreign exchange, its effect on the local populace has been devastating. I shall argue that among the Chatino that despite figures which indicate that the return on investment for coffee runs from 5 to 10 times higher per hectare than for corn (Hernandez-Diaz 1987:99-115), cash cropping has led a series of problems, distortions, and dependencies which have concentrated these benefits in a few hands, and have worsened rather than improved the standard of living of the vast majority of the population. The Chatino are an ethnic enclave of some 30,000 speakers in the Sierra Madre del Sur of Oaxaca. They inhabit an area that runs north from the Pacific coast inland 50 km to the Rio Atoyac (lat 16' N), and from the Rio Verde (long 98f 12 W) east 70 km to Puerto Escondito. Of their some 25 villages, the bulk are concentrated in the district of Juquila, with Zenzontepec, the exception, found in the district of Sola de Vega. The area is mountainous. Numerous rivers and streams have carved narrow
An N-well C-MOS dynamic RAM (1980)

A new type of dynamic RAMs, an N-well CMOS dynamic RAM, is proposed as a promising candidate for future VLSI RAMs and experimental results of a 4-kbit RAM, fabricated with an advanced 2 µm lithography are presented. For the design of greater than 256-kbit dynamic RAMs, two major problems should be solved: an increase of a substrate current and an α-particle induced soft error problem. The N-well CMOS RAM technology will be one solution to overcome these problems. The use of PMOS transistors as load elements in peripheral circuits of the N-well CMOS RAM reduces the substrate current by at least two orders of magnitude and the potential barrier between the N-type well and the P-type substrate rejects holes generated in the substrate, resulting in the reduction of soft error rates.
Use of Chinese hamster ovary cells with altered glycosylation patterns to define the carbohydrate specificity of Entamoeba histolytica adhesion. (1988)

We compared the adherence of E. histolytica trophozoites with a panel of lectin-resistant CHO mutants with altered glycosylation patterns. Our results coupled with data from saccharide inhibition studies indicate that terminal N-acetyllactosamine units on Asn-linked complex type oligosaccharides provide the major determinants on the cellular receptor for E. histolytica adhesion.
Magnetless circulators for electromagnetic and acoustic waves (2016)

Concepts and techniques that emerged in microwave engineering may have significant impact in other closely-related scientific fields, such as optics or even acoustics. In particular, non-reciprocal microwave components such as isolators and circulators have recently been achieved for acoustic waves, significantly enhancing our ability to control sound with a novel class of nonreciprocal acoustic devices. Interestingly, these recent developments have made their way back to the field of microwaves, inspiring new designs for RF circulators without magnets. We discuss here recent design iterations of magnetless circulators and isolators for electromagnetic and acoustic waves, highlighting a fruitful research strategy at the frontier of two scientific fields.
Nickel(II)‐ und Palladium(II)‐Komplexe des 2,3‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)maleinsäure‐anhydrids: Darstellung, Eigenschaften, Reaktionen mit Methanol (1977)

Abstract Darstellung und Eigenschaften von 1:1‐Komplexen aus Nickelhalogeniden bzw. Palladiumchlorid und Bis(diphenylphosphino)maleinsäure‐anhydrid ( 1 ) werden beschrieben. Die Komplexe enthalten planar koordinierte Metallatome und bilden bei der Kristallisation aus Aceton oder 1,2‐Dichlorethan Einschlußverbindungen mit dem jeweiligen Lösungsmittel ( 2–9 ). In Gegenwart von Methanol wandeln sie sich in die entsprechenden Komplexe des 2,3‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)maleinsäure‐monomethylesters (z. B. 10 ) bzw. bei Methanolüberschuß und erhöhter Temperatur in solche des 2,3‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)acrylsäure‐methylesters (z. B. 12 ) um. Aus diesen Komplexen werden die bisher unbekannten Liganden ( 11, 13 ) durch Verdrängungsreaktionen freigesetzt.
An Integrated 20-kW Motor Drive and Isolated Battery Charger for Plug-In Vehicles (2012)

For vehicles using grid power to charge the battery, traction circuit components are not normally engaged during the charging time, so there is a possibility to use them in the charger circuit to have an on-board integrated motor drive and battery charger. An isolated high-power three-phase integrated motor drive and charger based on a split-phase permanent magnet motor is presented in this paper. The motor winding connections are reversible by a relay-based switching device for traction and battery charging. In traction mode, the motor is a classical three-phase motor, but in charging mode it is a rotating isolating transformer providing a three-phase voltage source for the inverter to charge the battery. A mathematical model of the motor with six stator windings is presented for an arbitrary phase shift in windings. For the charging mode, the split-phase motor grid synchronization process and charge control are explained including the developed controller. A 20 -kW system is designed and implemented to verify the proper operation of the proposed system. Simulation and practical results are provided to show the system performance in terms of functionality, dynamic response, and efficiency. Moreover, some discussions, recommendations, and limitations are provided to give more practical insights.
Genetic interactions between the 5' and 3' splice site consensus sequences and U6 snRNA during the second catalytic step of pre-mRNA splicing. (2001)

The YAG/ consensus sequence at the 3' end of introns (the slash indicates the location of the 3' splice site) is essential for catalysis of the second step of pre-mRNA splicing. Little is known about the interactions formed by these three nucleotides in the spliceosome. Although previous observations have suggested that the G of the YAG/ interacts with the first nucleotide of the /GUA consensus sequence at the 5' end of the intron, additional interactions have not been identified. Here we report several striking genetic interactions between A+3 of the 5' /GUA with Y-3 of the 3' YAG/ and G50 of the highly conserved ACAGAG motif in U6 snRNA. Two mutations in U6 G50 of the ACAGAG can weakly suppress two mutations in A+3 of the 5' /GUA. This suppression is significantly enhanced upon the inclusion of a specific mutation Y-3 in the 3' YAG/. RNA analysis confirmed that the severe splicing defect observed in A+3 and Y-3 double mutants can be rescued to near wild-type levels by the mutations in U6 G50. The contributions of each mutation to the genetic interaction and the strong position specificity of suppression, combined with previous findings, support a model in which the 5' /GUA and the GAG of U6 function in binding the 3' YAG/ during the second catalytic step.
Carbonylative cyclization via intramolecular trapping of acylmetal derivatives by carbon nucleophiles catalyzed by late transition metals (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbonylative cyclization via intramolecular trapping of acylmetal derivatives by carbon nucleophiles catalyzed by late transition metalsEiichi Negishi, Yantao Zhang, Izumi Shimoyama, and Guangzhong WuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 20, 8018–8020Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00202a055RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views610Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (415 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Virtual hardware for graphics applications using FPGAs (2002)

The suitability of FPGA devices for implementing graphics algorithms is analysed by a series of experiments. The performance of simple and complicated graphics algorithms on two kinds of FPGAs are compared with the performance of existing custom graphics chips and against general-purpose processors with specialised instruction sets. Various architectures for incorporating FPGA-based systems into graphics workstations are discussed. Finally, a new design method (based on virtual memory) is presented that exploits the dynamically reconfigurable nature of FPGAs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Alkaline-Glazed Stoneware of North Carolina (1980)

The historic period ceramic traditions of North Carolina are extremely varied.The earliest work was that of the Moravians, who came south from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, i n 1753 and settled in what i s now Winston-Salem, Forsyth County.The first glost firing occurred in 1756, and the master potters Gottfried Aust and Rudolf Christ, among others, produced a wide range of products, including German decorated earthenware, Englishinspired creamware and stoneware, and• even some faience (Bivins 1972).About 50 miles southeast of Winston-Salem is the town of Seagrove in southern Randolph County, the center of a distinctly different tradition.Here, in the counties of Randolph, Moore, Chatham and Montgomery, some 200 potters -most of them of British origin-made utilitarian redware and salt-glazed stoneware from the late 18th century to approximately 1930.This was the largest concentration of potters in the state, but their work remains undocumented .Only the 20th century craft revival called "Jugtown", which is located in northern Moore County and grew out of the old folk tradition, is well-known today (Crawford 1964).
Advanced Process Control Of Extraction: Sensors And Models (1995)

Jim Kresta Abstract Process Control of the Hot Water Extraction Process is still relatively limited, largely because critical process measurements have not been available. Over the last few years, Syncrude has been endeavouring to address this through the development of process specific sensors. Recent implementation of these sensor developments is providing a new look at the process and offers a cost effective route to improving process operation. This paper will describe recent advances in Extraction on-line process measurement systems; the oil sand analyzer, froth quality meter, and gamma spectrometer. These instruments allow us to examine for the first time, the short-term effects of variability in oil sand ore and process conditions on bitumen recovery and product quality. An understanding of the relationships among incoming ore, processing conditions and product parameters is required to optimize the Extraction process. Multivariate data analysis techniques are allowing us to examine these relationships in detail and will provide the basis for an improved process control strategy. Some of these relationships are examined and their implications discussed. Introduction Producing Syncrude Sweet Blend (SSB) is a three stage process of mining oil sand, extracting bitumen from the sand and upgrading the bitumen. In the extraction process, oil sand ore is conveyed to the tumbler where it is conditioned with steam, caustic, hot water and mechanical energy. The resulting slurry is fed to the Primary Separation Vessel (PSV). P. 611
Hall Effect (1952)

The Hall effect is one of the rich sources of information about the conduction properties of semiconductors. The mobility and carrier concentration can be obtained from the Hall constant in conjunction with the resistivity; this cannot be done with the resistivity alone. The mobility is pertinent to the understanding of transistors since such things as high-frequency cut-off and the intrinsic current gain of the transistor are related to this property of germanium. The Hall effect and associated thermomagnetic and galvanomagnetic (Ettingshausen, Nernst, Righi-Leduc, and Ohmic) effects are discussed. The elimination of the effect of associated phenomena from the Hall measurement can be achieved in several ways. Some of the methods which are used today in the study of germanium are discussed, and typical apparatus is described.
Identification and Quantitation of Source from Hemoglobin of Blood and Blood Mixtures by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (1996)

The described technique offers a sensitive and reproducible method for inferring the source of over 50 different animal species from bloodstains and blood mixtures. Hemoglobins from each of the species were examined using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in chromatographic times of less than 25 mins. The HPLC method complements and furthers current methodology for identification of species of origin. HPLC analysis is particularly well suited for the quantitative analysis of blood and blood mixtures and is applicable to species for which antisera are unavailable. The sensitivity of the method (hemoglobin amounts down to 1.2 micrograms) lends itself to the analysis of blood mixtures in which only a small percentage of the mixture represents blood from a given species. Such resolution and quantitation is applicable to wildlife forensic casework.
On the Mechanism of the Inhibition of Urease (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the Mechanism of the Inhibition of UreaseG. B. Kistiakowsky and W. H. R. ShawCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 4, 866–871Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01100a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01100a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views479Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Magnetic Erasures Due to Impact Induced Interfacial Heating and Magnetostriction (1999)

High-velocity intermittent contacts between a slider and a disk may lead to data erasure due to interfacial heating and high-speed mechanical contact stresses. These potential modes of erasure are investigated by artificially introducing high contact stresses that are not likely to be observed in disk drives. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of erasure are delineated in this study with little ambiguity by comparing the results from three different substrate materials, namely Al-Mg, glass, and Si. We show that written flux patterns can be erased if either the substrate material has low thermal conductivity or if the magnetic layer is damaged. We conclude that if the disk is not plastically damaged by high-speed contacts, then the magnetostriction effect or stress-induced erasure is insignificant. In this case, the dominant factor in erasure is a rise in the interfacial temperature, which is exacerbated by low thermal conductivity of the substrate. [S0742-4787(00)03401-9]
High Complexation Ability of Thiacalixarene with Transition Metal Ions. The Effects of Replacing Methylene Bridges of Tetra(<i>p</i>-<i>t</i>-butyl)calix[4]arenetetrol by Epithio Groups (1998)

Abstract The ability of tetra(p-t-butyl)tetrathiacalix[4]arenetetrol (TCA, H4L), a cyclic tetramer of p-(t-butyl)phenol bridged with four epithio groups, to bind metal ions was investigated via a solvent extraction study. Although tetra(p-t-butyl)calix[4]arenetetrol (CA) has very poor affinity for transition metal ions (M2+), TCA is an excellent extractant of these metal ions. The chemical formulae of the extracted TCA metal complexes were found by slope analysis to be neutral 1 : 1 complexes [MH2L]. The origin of the high affinity of TCA for transition metal ions is discussed, in which it is suggested that ligation of the epithio group is important as evidenced by an NMR study of the [ZnH2L] complex.
Structure-activity Relationships of Herbicidal 5-Ethylamino- and 5-Propylamino-2, 3-Dicyanopyrazines (1983)

Journal Article Structure-activity Relationships of Herbicidal 5-Ethylamino- and 5-Propylamino-2, 3-Dicyanopyrazines Get access Akira Nakamura, Akira Nakamura Research Laboratory of Kyowa Gas Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Nakajo, Niigata 959–26, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Toshiei Ataka, Toshiei Ataka Research Laboratory of Kyowa Gas Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Nakajo, Niigata 959–26, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hirozo Segawa, Hirozo Segawa Research Laboratory of Kyowa Gas Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Nakajo, Niigata 959–26, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasutomo Takeuchi, Yasutomo Takeuchi Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tetsuo Takematsu Tetsuo Takematsu Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 47, Issue 7, 1 July 1983, Pages 1561–1567, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1983.10865824 Published: 01 July 1983 Article history Received: 06 January 1983 Published: 01 July 1983