gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Repair of Sublethal Radiation Injury in Hypoxic Cells of a C 3 H Mouse Mammary Carcinoma (1969)

The cells of a C3H mouse mammary carcinoma were examined for their ability to repair sublethal radiation injury using the split-dose technique and ${\rm TCD}_{50}$ as the end point ( ${\rm TCD}_{50}$ = radiation dose that yields local control of half of the irradiated tumors). Radiation was administered either under conditions of local tissue hypoxia (application of a clamp across the root of the thigh bearing the tumor for 2 minutes prior to and during irradiation) or under ${\rm O}_{2}30 {\rm psi}$ conditions (respiring pure oxygen at 3 atmospheres of pressure absolute for 15 minutes prior to and during irradiation). The ${\rm TCD}_{50}$ values were 5372 rads for v = 1 (single dose) and 6853 rads for v = 2 ( $D_{1}=3000$ rads, hypoxia; $t_{i}=6 \text{hours}$ ; $D_{2}=\text{variable}$ , hypoxia). Thus, these acutely hypoxic mammary carcinoma cells repaired rad...
Alternating Current Delivered into the Scala Media Alters Sound Pressure at the Eardrum (1983)

Alternating current delivered into the scala media of the gerbil cochlea modulates the amplitude of a test tone measured near the eardrum. Variations in the electromechanical effect with acoustic stimulus parameters and observed physiological vulnerability suggest that cochlear hair cells are the biophysical origin of the process. Cochlear hair cells have traditionally been thought of as passive receptor cells, but they may play an active role in cochlear micromechanics.
Hypergraph Optimization for Salient Region Detection Based on Foreground and Background Queries (2018)

Graph-based methods have been widely adopted to detect salient objects in images. However, there are two limitations of these methods. First, only one kind of query is employed for saliency propagation on the graph. Second, these methods only represent pairwise relations between vertices and thus give an incomplete representation of the relationships between image regions. In this paper, we propose a foreground- and background-queries-based hypergraph optimization framework for salient region detection. In this framework, both foreground queries and background queries are explicitly exploited to uniformly highlight the salient foreground and suppress the non-salient background. Furthermore, to include both the pairwise and the higher-order relations among two or more vertices, a probabilistic hypergraph is constructed based on local spatial correlation, global spatial correlation, and color correlation to represent the relations among image regions from different views. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
A role for airway remodeling during respiratory syncytial virus infection (2005)

The observed changes in pulmonary structure may provide an explanation for epidemiological data suggesting that early exposure to allergens and RSV have long-term physiological consequences. Furthermore, the data presented here highlight the importance of preventative strategies against RSV infection of atopic individuals during neonatal development.
Bubbles and the Intertemporal Government Budget Constraint (2004)

Recent years have seen a protracted debate on the &quot;Þscal theory of the price level&quot;. This doctrine is based on the intertemporal government bud-get constraint, which says that the real value of the government debt equals the discounted value of future government surpluses. It is observed that the intertemporal government budget constraint consists of the proposition that government debt management deÞnes a portfolio strategy that has no bubble. Therefore the intertemporal government budget constraint is satisÞed in mod-els in which bubbles can be ruled out, and it fails in settings in which bubbles can occur in equilibrium.
Profile of volatile metabolites in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProfile of volatile metabolites in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometryAlbert. Zlatkis, Wolfgang. Bertsch, H. A. Lichtenstein, Arye. Tishbee, Farid. Shunbo, H. M. Liebich, A. M. Coscia, and N. FleischerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 4, 763–767Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60326a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60326a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views576Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Müllerian Inhibiting Substance Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Growth through an NFκB-mediated Pathway (2000)

Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, induces regression of the Müllerian duct in male embryos. In this report, we demonstrate MIS type II receptor expression in normal breast tissue and in human breast cancer cell lines, breast fibroadenoma, and ductal adenocarcinomas. MIS inhibited the growth of both estrogen receptor (ER)-positive T47D and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, suggesting a broader range of target tissues for MIS action. Inhibition of growth was manifested by an increase in the fraction of cells in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis. Treatment of breast cancer cells with MIS activated the NFkappaB pathway and selectively up-regulated the immediate early gene IEX-1S, which, when overexpressed, inhibited breast cancer cell growth. Dominant negative IkappaBalpha expression ablated both MIS-mediated induction of IEX-1S and inhibition of growth, indicating that activation of the NFkappaB signaling pathway was required for these processes. These results identify the NFkappaB-mediated signaling pathway and a target gene for MIS action and suggest a putative role for the MIS ligand and its downstream interactors in the treatment of ER-positive as well as negative breast cancers.
Synchrotron-based coherent scatter x-ray projection imaging using an array of monoenergetic pencil beams (2012)

Traditional projection x-ray imaging utilizes only the information from the primary photons. Low-angle coherent scatter images can be acquired simultaneous to the primary images and provide additional information. In medical applications scatter imaging can improve x-ray contrast or reduce dose using information that is currently discarded in radiological images to augment the transmitted radiation information. Other applications include non-destructive testing and security. A system at the Canadian Light Source synchrotron was configured which utilizes multiple pencil beams (up to five) to create both primary and coherent scatter projection images, simultaneously. The sample was scanned through the beams using an automated step-and-shoot setup. Pixels were acquired in a hexagonal lattice to maximize packing efficiency. The typical pitch was between 1.0 and 1.6 mm. A Maximum Likelihood-Expectation Maximization-based iterative method was used to disentangle the overlapping information from the flat panel digital x-ray detector. The pixel value of the coherent scatter image was generated by integrating the radial profile (scatter intensity versus scattering angle) over an angular range. Different angular ranges maximize the contrast between different materials of interest. A five-beam primary and scatter image set (which had a pixel beam time of 990 ms and total scan time of 56 min) of a porcine phantom is included. For comparison a single-beam coherent scatter image of the same phantom is included. The muscle-fat contrast was 0.10 ± 0.01 and 1.16 ± 0.03 for the five-beam primary and scatter images, respectively. The air kerma was measured free in air using aluminum oxide optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters. The total area-averaged air kerma for the scan was measured to be 7.2 ± 0.4 cGy although due to difficulties in small-beam dosimetry this number could be inaccurate.
<i>YAP1</i> over‐expression in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> enhances glutathione accumulation at its biosynthesis and substrate availability levels (2011)

Microbiological production of glutathione using genetically engineered yeast strains has a potential to satisfy the increasing industrial demand of this tripeptide. In the present work accumulation of glutathione in response to YAP1 over-expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. The over-expression resulted in intracellular glutathione level over two times higher than in the parent strain. Transcript analyses revealed that, in addition to the genes encoding enzymes in the glutathione biosynthesis pathway (GSH1 and GSH2), the expression levels of the genes in the cysteine biosynthesis pathway (CYS3 and CYS4) were also significantly higher in the YAP1 over-expressed strain. This suggests that YAP1 over-expression affects glutathione accumulation at both its biosynthesis and substrate availability levels.
Hostile and demeaning (1996)

As members of the Monroe County Council on the Prevention of Child Abuse, in Bloomington, Ind., we would like to respond to the opinions Dr. Ravenel gave about spanking children (Emotions shouldn9t prompt spanking policy, Second Opinions, June AAP News). Dr. Ravenel says that, based on a study done in Sweden, prohibiting spanking children may increase the incidence of child abuse. He says that by making parents feel they have no means to control their children, they may then lose control of themselves and beat the children. This should not be an argument for spanking children. Parents who give up spanking need education and support to make the transition.
ChemInform Abstract: Guidelines for the Synthesis of Small‐Molecule Irreversible Probes Targeting G Protein‐Coupled Receptors (2016)

Abstract Review: [62 refs.
Similarity indices I: what do they measure. (1976)

A method for estimating the effects of environmental effusions on ecosystems is described. The characteristics of 25 similarity indices used in studies of ecological communities were investigated. The type of data structure, to which these indices are frequently applied, was described as consisting of vectors of measurements on attributes (species) observed in a set of samples. A general similarity index was characterized as the result of a two-step process defined on a pair of vectors. In the first step an attribute similarity score is obtained for each attribute by comparing the attribute values observed in the pair of vectors. The result is a vector of attribute similarity scores. These are combined in the second step to arrive at the similarity index. The operation in the first step was characterized as a function, g, defined on pairs of attribute values. The second operation was characterized as a function, F, defined on the vector of attribute similarity scores from the first step. Usually, F was a simple sum or weighted sum of the attribute similarity scores. It is concluded that similarity indices should not be used as the test statistic to discriminate between two ecological communities.
A Study to Determine the Effect of Damping on Finite-Element-Based, Forced-Frequency-Response Models for Bottomhole Assembly Vibration Analysis (1990)

ABSTRACT A computer based model for avoiding and characterizing dynamically induced drill string failures is presented. This model is applicable in both a planning and a real time mode of operation. The finite element model used in this study is designed to account for the forced frequency response of a Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) drilling in an arbitrary curved three-dimensional wellbore. As a consequence of the greater simplicity of the resulting dynamic finite element model, it is standard operating procedure in drilling mechanics to exclude the effects of damping when carrying out a forced frequency response (FFR) vibrational failure analysis of a drilling BHA. Since damping, due to the presence of fluid, formation, friction and other effects, is the real world situation, the authors undertook the work described in this paper in order to determine the nature and the magnitude of the influence which damping exerts on drilling BHA's and their associated critical failure modes. The FFR analysis model presented herein enables a user to determine the forced frequency response (critical speeds) of a BHA due to imposed load and/or displacement excitations anywhere in the drill string. The FFR solution is computed about the displaced static configuration, which means that the Jacobian (i.e. stiffness) matrix contains the effects of contact, stress stiffening and friction. The mathematical formulation of the FFR solution algorithm has been developed in such a way as to admit damping in the steady-state response behavior. An important implication of damping is that while the response of the BHA will be at the same frequency as the excitation, it need not be in phase with it. A major benefit of this model is that it provides a mechanism to evaluate the effect of including (or neglecting) damping in conventional BHA FFR finite element analysis. With regard to the above described study, this paper first reviews the theoretical basis for the FFR model utilized and follows with a presentation of field data case studies. These studies validate the utility of employing the model to predict (and therefore avoid) critical rotating speeds and also demonstrate the significant role which damping plays in obtaining useful real world results from FFR finite element analysis. In this regard, the effects of both uniform and frequency dependent damping upon critical operating speed ranges and response magnitudes are examined.
Causation, Liability and Toxic Risk Exposure (1992)

ABSTRACT Persons injured as a result of exposure to toxic or carcinogenic substances are seldom able to recover damages from those who are responsible for the exposure. Tort law requires proof of causation, and causation is often unprovable because of long latency periods, because of the relative infrequency of the injuries and because many of the injuries among the exposed population are the result of other factors. A number of proposals for modifying the legal causation requirement to allow those who create hazardous risks to be held liable for the injuries that materialise are considered and found inadequate. A proposal to treat risk exposure itself as an injury for which compensation under private law is possible is also considered and ultimately found incoherent. The paper concludes by arguing for a public law solution, modelled on criminal law, but providing compensation for victims.
Mechanism and thermodynamics of chlorine transfer among organochlorinating agents. Part III. Autocatalytic pathway between N-chloro-succinimide and chloramine-T (1968)

Chlorine exchange between the chloroimide and the chlorosulphonamide has been found to be subject to autocatalysis with intermediate formation of dichloramine-T even in the presence of large excess of toluene-p-sulphonamide. The direct exchange appears to be relatively slow below pH 7, essentially all exchange being mediated through formation of the dichloro-compound. pH Profiles for the overall equilibrium and for the various postulated intermediate steps have been determined in both directions. In acidic solutions substantially below pH 4·55, the chloroimide was found to be thermodynamically essentially equivalent to chloramine-T as a chlorinating agent.
Neuronal Transport of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (1980)

Review Articles| May 30 2008 Neuronal Transport of 5-Hydroxytryptamine Subject Area: Pharmacology Svante B. Ross Svante B. Ross Research and Development Laboratories, Astra Läkemedel AB, Södertälje Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pharmacology (1980) 21 (2): 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1159/000137424 Article history Published Online: May 30 2008 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Svante B. Ross; Neuronal Transport of 5-Hydroxytryptamine. Pharmacology 1 February 1980; 21 (2): 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1159/000137424 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPharmacology Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 1980Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
RouteChain: Towards Blockchain-based Secure and Efficient BGP Routing (2019)

Routing on the Internet is defined among autonomous systems (ASes) based on a weak trust model where it is assumed that ASes are honest. While this trust model strengthens the connectivity among ASes, it results in an attack surface which is exploited by malicious entities to hijacking routing paths. One such attack is known as the BGP prefix hijacking, in which a malicious AS broadcasts IP prefixes that belong to a target AS, thereby hijacking its traffic. In this paper, we proposeRouteChain: a blockchain-based secure BGP routing system that counters BGP hijacking and maintains a consistent view of the Internet routing paths. Towards that, we leverage provenance assurance and tamper-proof properties of blockchains to augment trust among ASes. We group ASes based on their geographical (network) proximity and construct a bihierarchical blockchain model that detects false prefixes prior to their spread over the Internet. We validate strengths of our design by simulations and show its effectiveness by drawing a case study with the Youtube hijacking of 2008. Our proposed scheme is a standalone service that can be incrementally deployed without the need of a central authority.
On-Chip Noise Sensor for Integrated Circuit Susceptibility Investigations (2011)

With the growing concerns about electromagnetic compatibility of integrated circuits, the need for accurate prediction tools and models to reduce risks of noncompliance becomes critical for circuit designers. However, an on-chip characterization of noise is still necessary for model validation and design optimization. Although different on-chip measurement solutions have been proposed for emission issue characterization, no on-chip measurement methods have been proposed to address the susceptibility issues. This paper presents an on-chip noise sensor dedicated to the study of circuit susceptibility to electromagnetic interferences. A demonstration of the sensor measurement performances and benefits is proposed through a study of the susceptibility of a digital core to conducted interferences. Sensor measurements ensure a better characterization of actual coupling of interferences within the circuit and a diagnosis of failure origins.
Mutagenic effects of the herbicide 3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide and its degradation products (1970)

3′,4′-Dichloropropionanilide; its biodegradation products 3,4-dichloroaniline and 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachloroazobenzene; and related chloroaniline and chlorobenzenes were tested for effects on the back mutation frequency of the meth 3 locus in Aspergillus nidulans. 3,4-Dichloroaniline was more mutagenic than 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachloroazobenzene and 3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide. Chlorine in the para position on benzene ring increased mutagenicity more than chlorine in the meta or ortho position. Chloroaniline was more mutagenic than the corresponding dichlorobenzene.