gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in an Aviation Physiology Environment (2000)

Men still dominate flying by better than a ten to one ratio, but there is no question that female participation in all aspects of aviation has increased dramatically in the past decade, and will no doubt continue to do so in the future. Although women have been flying airplanes since 1910, little attention was paid to them in terms of suitability and adaptability to flight, as compared to their male counterparts, until recently. It wasn't until the 1980's, after Congress modified existing law to allow women into the flight programs of the military in large numbers, that studies to ascertain what accommodations, if any, would have to be made to cockpits, training, health care, flight clothing, and a multitude of other situations hitherto largely unconsidered. Further emphasis was added as U.S. air carriers, in response to the booming expansion of the airlines in the 1990’s, began hiring women pilots in unprecedented numbers.
White matter lesions impair frontal lobe function regardless of their location (2004)

The frontal lobes are most severely affected by SIVD. WMHs are more abundant in the frontal region. Regardless of where in the brain these WMHs are located, they are associated with frontal hypometabolism and executive dysfunction.
Greatly reduced leakage current and conduction mechanism in aliovalent-ion-doped BiFeO3 (2005)

Transport properties of aliovalent-ion-doped BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films have been studied in order to identify the cause of high leakage currents. Doping of 2at.% Ti4+ ions increased the dc resistivity by more than three orders of magnitude. In contrast, doping of 2+ ions such as Ni2+ reduced the dc resistivity by two orders of magnitude. Current–voltage (I–V) characteristics indicated that the main conduction mechanism for pure and Ni2+ doped BFO was space charge limited, which was associated with the free-carriers trapped by the oxygen vacancies, whereas in the Ti4+ doped BFO, field-assisted ionic conduction was dominant.
Manufacturability-aware physical layout optimizations (2005)

Nanometer VLSI design is greatly challenged by the growing interdependency between manufacturing and design. Existing approaches in design for manufacturability (DFM) are still mostly post design, rather than during design. To really bridge the gap between design and manufacturing, it is important to model and feed proper manufacturing metrics and cost function upstream, especially at the key physical layout optimization stages such as routing and placement to have major impacts. In this paper, the authors show several aspects of the true manufacturability-aware physical design from lithography-aware routing to redundant-via aware routing to CMP aware floor planning and placement, and show their promises.
Low-loss passive polymer waveguides by using chlorofluorinated polyimides (1999)

Chlorofluorinated polyimides were prepared from 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA), 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl (PFMB), and 2,2′-dichloro-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl (DCB) for optical waveguide applications. The resulting optical polymers exhibited good thermal stability, controllable refractive index, and low optical loss in the optical communication wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.55 µm. The control of refractive indices of the polymers was achieved by copolymerization of 6FDA/PFMB and 6FDA/DCB. As the amount of DCB was increased, the refractive indices of polymer were increased. The effect of addition of chlorine on optical properties of polymers such as absorption loss in the near-IR region were also investigated. Rib-type optical waveguides were fabricated using these chlorofluorinated polyimides. These waveguides exhibited low loss of less than 0.4 dB/cm for both TE and TM polarizations. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 107–112, 1999
MOS 2010 Study Guide for Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook (2011)

Demonstrate your expertise with Microsoft Office 2010! This all-in-one guide is designed to help you practice and prepare for the four core Microsoft Office Specialist (MOS) exams. With the MOS 2010 Study Guide, you get full, objective-by-objective coverage for:Exam 77-881: Microsoft Word 2010 Exam 77-882: Microsoft Excel 2010 Exam 77-883: Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 Exam 77-884: Microsoft Outlook 2010 Use the books easy-to-follow procedures and illustrations to review the essential skills measured by the MOS exams. And you can apply what youve learned hands-onusing the downloadable files for all the books practice tasks.
Nucleosides and Nucleotides. 156. Chelation-Controlled and Nonchelation-Controlled Diastereofacial Selective Thiophenol Addition Reactions at the 2‘-Position of 2‘-[(Alkoxycarbonyl)methylene]-2‘-deoxyuridines:  Conversion of (<i>Z</i>)-2‘-[(Alkoxycarbonyl)methylene]-2‘-deoxyuridines into Their (<i>E</i>)-Isomers<sup>1</sup> (1997)

The Wittig reaction of 1-[3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranos-2-ulosyl]uracil (4) with Ph(3)P=CHCO(2)R (R = ethyl or tert-butyl) exclusively gave (Z)-2'-[(alkoxycarbonyl)methylene] derivatives 5 and 13, respectively, in high yields. An unusual beta-facial selectivity of thiophenol addition to the 2'-[(alkoxycarbonyl)methylene] moiety of 5 and 13 was observed, and this facial selectivity was found to be influenced by both the thiolate counter cation and the bulkiness of the alkoxy moiety. Treatment of 2'-[(ethoxycarbonyl)methylene] derivative 5with LiSPh (1.5 equiv) in the presence of PhSH in THF selectively gave 2'beta-(phenylthio) derivative 11 in high yield along with a trace of 2'alpha-(phenylthio) derivative 10. On the other hand, when 2'-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)methylene] derivative13 was treated with KSPh in the presence of PhSH in dioxane/DMF, the facial selectivity was reversed to selectively give the 2'alpha-(phenylthio) adduct14 (alpha:beta, 77:23) in 90% yield. Oxidation of 14 with m-chloroperbenzoic acid in CH(2)Cl(2) and subsequent pyrolysis of the resulting sulfoxides exclusively gave the (Z)-isomer 13 in 92% yield. The oxidativesyn-elimination of the (2'R)-2'-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)methyl]-2'-deoxy-2'-thiophenoxy-5'-O-(triisopropylsilyl)uridine (17), which was obtained from 14 in two steps, exclusively gave the desired (E)-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)methylene] derivatives 18 in 90% yield. Deprotection of 18 gave the (E)-(carboxymethylene)-2'-deoxyuridine (3). The (Z)-(carboxymethylene)-2'-deoxyuridine (2) was synthesized from 13 in a similar manner.
A Zero-Crossing-Based 8-bit 200 MS/s Pipelined ADC (2007)

Zero-crossing-based circuits (ZCBC) are introduced as a generalization of comparator-based switched-capacitor circuits (CBSC). To demonstrate this concept, an 8-bit, 200 MS/s, pipelined ADC is implemented in a 0.18 CMOS technology. A dynamic zero-crossing detector and current source replace the functionality of an opamp to realize a precision charge transfer. Furthermore, current source splitting improves linearity at high speeds and bit decision flip-flops replace traditional bit decision comparators for increased speed. The complete ADC draws no static current and consumes 8.5 mW of power. The corresponding FOM is 0.38 pJ/step at 100 MS/s and 0.51 pJ/step at 200 MS/s.
CARBON FIBER: STILL A GAMBLE (2000)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCARBON FIBER: STILL A GAMBLEPATRICIA L. SHORTView Author Information C&EN LondonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2000, 78, 35, 13–17Publication Date (Print):August 28, 2000Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 28 August 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v078n035.p013https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n035.p013newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views11Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Manufacturing Get e-Alerts
Space–Time Adaptive Decision-Directed Equalizer Based on NLMS-Like Affine Projection Algorithm Using Iterative Hyperplane Projection (2007)

This paper introduces a space-time decision feedback equalizer whose coefficients are recursively renewed on the basis of the modified affine projection algorithm (APA). Despite its effectiveness against a rank-deficiency problem, the complexity of the conventional APA utilizing the sample matrix inversion is considerable. Furthermore, the shift invariance property could not be exploited in the case of a space-time decision-directed equalizer (STDE) application. To overcome such challenges, this paper introduces an APA employing a hyperplane projection scheme to reduce computational complexity without any degradation in its convergence characteristic and tracking capability. The performance of the proposed equalization methodology is verified by showing its superior bit error rate behaviors, fast convergence property, and reduced computational complexity by performing adaptive STDE under the single-input-multiple-output wireless multipath fading channel.
Experimental Demonstration of an OpenFlow/PCE Integrated Control Plane for IP over Translucent WSON with the Assistance of a Per-request-based Dynamic Topology Server (2012)

A seamless OpenFlow/PCE integrated control plane for IP over translucent WSON is presented via a per-request-based dynamic topology server. The overall feasibility and performance metrics of this integrated control plane are experimentally verified and quantitatively evaluated.
Interleukin‐15 strongly inhibits interleukin‐8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 production in human colonic epithelial cells (1999)

Summary Interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) is a novel cytokine with actions similar to IL‐2 because of common receptor components. Although IL‐15 is expressed in colonic epithelial cells and may regulate epithelial cell function, its effects on these cells are not fully defined. We explored the regulatory effects of IL‐15 on IL‐8 and monocyte‐chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) production in the colonic epithelial cell line Caco‐2 as well as in freshly isolated human colonic epithelial cells. IL‐15 was added to intestinal epithelial cells under various culture conditions. Levels of chemokines were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. To determine the elements of the IL‐2/IL‐15R complex involved we used neutralizing antibodies specific for individual receptor chains. IL‐15 down‐regulates IL‐8 and MCP‐1 production in Caco‐2 cells as well as in freshly isolated human colonic epithelial cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Intestinal epithelial cells became more responsive to IL‐15‐induced suppression when activated with greater IL‐1 doses. Strong chemokine suppression was seen when IL‐15 was given prior to, simultaneous with, or after stimulatory agent. Anti‐IL‐2Rγ antibodies efficiently blocked (82% inhibition) the suppression induced by IL‐15, while anti‐IL‐2Rβ antibodies were less effective. The involvement of β‐chain was further suggested by the finding that a mixture of both monoclonal antibodies (mAb) at a suboptimal concentration (1 µg/ml of each mAb) produced a synergistic inhibitory effect on down‐regulation of epithelial chemokine production. These results show that IL‐15 can suppress IL‐8 and MCP‐1 secretion by intestinal epithelial cells. A microenvironment containing high concentrations of IL‐15 may alter the recruitment of neutrophils to enterocytes at least partly by inhibiting IL‐8 and MCP‐1 production.
Synthesis of Poly(<i>N-</i>isopropylacrylamide) on Initiator-Modified Self-Assembled Monolayers (2001)

This report describes a convenient method for in situ polymerization of the environmentally responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM), on the surfaces of azo-initiator-derivatized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of ω-terminated alkanethiolates on gold. In contrast to previous methods for initiation of free radical polymerization from SAM surfaces, this method utilizes simple chemistry and commercially available precursors. Carboxylic acid-containing SAMs were derivatized with the azo-initiator, 2,2‘-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride, by first activating the carboxylic acid moieties with Woodward's reagent K. The initiator-containing samples were used to initiate polymerization at the surface. The process was enhanced by the dilution of the carboxylic acid species within the monolayer. The resulting tethered PNIPAAM surfaces were characterized using ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle goniometry and tested for their ability to attach and release bacteria. The synthetic method is especially useful for preparing ultrathin polymer films that are compatible with common reflection (e.g., surface plasmon resonance) and transmission based optical characterization techniques.
Attacking Visible Watermarking Schemes (2004)

Visible watermarking schemes are important intellectual property rights (IPR) protection mechanisms for digital images and videos that have to be released for certain purposes but illegal reproductions of them are prohibited. Visible watermarking techniques protect digital contents in a more active manner, which is quite different from the invisible watermarking techniques. Digital data embedded with visible watermarks will contain recognizable but unobtrusive copyright patterns, and the details of the host data should still exist. The embedded pattern of a useful visible watermarking scheme should be difficult or even impossible to be removed unless intensive and expensive human labors are involved. In this paper, we propose an attacking scheme against current visible image watermarking techniques. After manually selecting the watermarked areas, only few human interventions are required. For watermarks purely composed of thin patterns, basic image recovery techniques can completely remove the embedded patterns. For more general watermarks consisting of thick patterns, not only information in surrounding unmarked areas but also information within watermarked areas will be utilized to correctly recover the host image. Although the proposed scheme does not guarantee that the recovered images will be exactly identical to the unmarked originals, the structure of the embedded pattern will be seriously destroyed and a perceptually satisfying recovered image can be obtained. In other words, a general attacking scheme based on the contradictive requirements of current visible watermarking techniques is worked out. Thus, the robustness of current visible watermarking schemes for digital images is doubtful and needs to be improved.
Human apurinic endonuclease 1 expression in a colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. (1997)

Human apurinic endonuclease 1 (HAP1) plays a key role in the repair of baseless sites in DNA. HAP1 is also known to be a potent regulator of the binding activity of a number of transcription factors. We have examined the immunohistochemical expression of the HAP1 protein in normal colorectal mucosa, hyperplastic polyps, tubulovillous adenomas, and carcinomas. In normal colonic mucosa, the predominant staining was nuclear in the less differentiated cells located at the lower part of the crypt, but it was cytoplasmic in the more differentiated superficial colonic epithelium. HAP1 expression was nuclear in 3 of 30 adenomas (10%) and 5 of 44 carcinomas (11%), but it was cytoplasmic in 11 of 30 adenomas (37%) and 22 of 44 carcinomas (50%) and both nuclear and cytoplasmic in 16 of 30 adenomas (53%) and 17 of 44 carcinomas (39%). The observed staining in stromal fibroblasts and endothelial cells was nuclear, whereas that in macrophages was cytoplasmic. Our data indicate that HAP1 is expressed in different subcellular compartments during normal differentiation and that this pattern is disrupted in adenomas and carcinomas. The differential localization may be relevant to the two different proposed functions of HAP1.
Predicting human activities using spatio-temporal structure of interest points (2012)

Early recognition and prediction of human activities are of great importance in video surveillance, e.g., by recognizing a criminal activity at its beginning stage, it is possible to avoid unfortunate outcomes. We address early activity recognition by developing a Spatial-Temporal Implicit Shape Model (STISM), which characterizes the space-time structure of the sparse local features extracted from a video. The early recognition of human activities is accomplished by pattern matching through STISM. To enable efficient and robust matching, we propose a new random forest structure, called multi-class balanced random forest, which makes a good trade-off between the balance of the trees and the discriminative abilities. The prediction is done simultaneously for multiple classes, which saves both the memory and computational cost. The experiments show that our algorithm significantly outperforms the state of the arts for the human activity prediction problem.
New Synthetic Approach to Naphtho[1,2-b]furan and 4′-Oxo-Substituted Spiro[cyclopropane-1,1′(4′H)-naphthalene] Derivatives (2001)

A one-step synthesis of ethyl 2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2-carboxylate and/or ethyl 4′-oxospiro[cyclopropane-1,1′(4′H)-naphthalene]-2′-carboxylate derivatives 2 and 3, respectively, from substituted naphthalen-1-ols and ethyl 2,3-dibromopropanoate is described (Scheme 1). Compounds 2 were easily aromatized (Scheme 2). In the same way, 3,4-dibromobutan-2-one afforded the corresponding 1-(2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2-yl)ethanone and/or spiro derivatives 8 and 9, respectively (Scheme 6). A mechanism for the formation of the dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan ring and of the spiro compounds 3 is proposed (Schemes 3 and 4). The structures of spiro compounds 3a and 3f were established by X-ray structural analysis. The reactivity of compound 3a was also briefly examined (Scheme 9).
Quantum algorithms and circuits for scientific computing (2016)

Quantum algorithms for scientific computing require modules implementing fundamental functions, such as the square root, the logarithm, and others. We require algorithms that have a well-controlled numerical error, that are uniformly scalable and reversible (unitary), and that can be implemented efficiently. We present quantum algorithms and circuits for computing the square root, the natural logarithm, and arbitrary fractional powers. We provide performance guarantees in terms of their worst-case accuracy and cost. We further illustrate their performance by providing tests comparing them to the respective floating point implementations found in widely used numerical software.
An electrophoretic karyotype for yeast. (1985)

The chromosomal DNA molecules of a standard laboratory strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been separated into 12 well-resolved bands by orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis. DNA X DNA hybridization probes derived from cloned genes have been used to correlate this banding pattern with yeast's genetically defined chromosomes. The 12 bands are shown to represent 9 singlets and 3 comigrating doublets, thereby accounting for 15 chromosomes that were identified as I-XI and XIII-XVI. Because the three comigrating doublets could be readily resolved in certain laboratory yeast strains that contain chromosome-length polymorphisms relative to our standard strain, all 15 of these chromosomes could be displayed as a single band in at least one of four strains that were studied. A 16th chromosome (number XII), which is known to contain the genes for rRNA, does not reproducibly enter the gels. By making use of the band identifications, the previously unmapped fragment F8 was assigned to chromosome XIII. With the possible exception of chromosomes that differ greatly in size or electrophoretic behavior from all the known chromosomes, the results appear to define a complete "electrophoretic karyotype" for yeast.
Acid-volatile selenium formation catalyzed by glutathione reductase (1975)

The production of acid-volatile selenide (apparently H2Se) was catalyzed by glutathione reductase in an anaerobic system containing 20 mM glutathione, 0.05 mM sodium selenite, a TPNH-generating system, and microgram quantities of highly purified yeast glutathione reductase. H2Se production in this system was proportional to glutathione reductase concentration and was maximal at pH 7. Significant nonenzymic H2Se production occurred in the system lacking glutathione reductase and TNPH. A concentration of arsenite (0.1 mM) which does not inhibit glutathione reductase inhibited selenide volatilization, as did bovine serum albumin (1.67 mg/ml). Both appear to inhibit Se volatilization by reacting with the selenide product(s). The selenotrisulfide derivative of glutathione (GSSeSG) was readily converted to H2Se by glutathione reductase and TPNH without the addition of glutathione. These results suggest that GSSeSG formed nonenzymically from glutathione and selenic undergoes stepwise reduction by glutathione reductase (or excess GSH) to GSSeH and finally to H2Se. The same pathway operates when glutathione is used as the reducing agent but to a lesser extent.
Effects of Mild Head Injury on Postural Stability as Measured Through Clinical Balance Testing (2021)

Our results revealed that the Balance Error Scoring System may be a useful clinical procedure to assist clinicians in making return-to-play decisions in athletes with MHI in the absence of force-platform equipment.
Nanocomposites of Polyaniline/Poly(2‐methoxyaniline‐5‐sulfonic acid) (2006)

Abstract Summary: Poly(2‐methoxyaniline‐5‐sulfonic acid) (PMAS) is a water‐soluble derivative of polyaniline that carries negatively charged sulfonate groups. This self‐doped conducting polymer also behaves like a polyelectrolyte that can subsequently function as a dopant in polyaniline (PAn). The chemical synthesis of PAn/PMAS is presented describing the preparation of a highly stable composite dispersion. TEM images reveal a mixture of well‐defined nanofibres and nanoparticles with diameters between 20 and 100 nm. The UV‐vis spectra of the PAn/PMAS composite in water and in alkaline media indicate that both PAn and PMAS are present in the composite. Electrochemical studies show that both of the conducting polymer components are capable of undergoing oxidation and reduction. The novel PAn/PMAS nanocomposite has enhanced electrical conductivity and stability compared to PAn/HCl nanofibres prepared under equivalent conditions, making it a promising material for applications in areas such as batteries, electronic textiles, electrochromics, and chemical sensors. Transmission electron micrograph of a PAn/PMAS nanocomposite. magnified image Transmission electron micrograph of a PAn/PMAS nanocomposite.