gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene encoding two alkali-soluble components of the spore coat from Bacillus subtilis (1991)

We report the cloning and characterization of a gene called cotF from Bacillus subtilis that encodes alkali-soluble polypeptides of 5 and 8 kDa that are components of the spore coat. The 5- and 8-kDa polypeptides are generated by proteolytic cleavage of the primary product of the cotF gene, which is 160 codons in length and is capable of encoding a polypeptide of 19 kDa. Amino acid sequence analysis indicates that the 5-kDa species is derived from the NH2-terminal portion of the primary gene product and that the 8-kDa species is derived from the COOH-terminal portion. A mutant bearing an in vitro-constructed cotF null mutation produced normal-looking spores that contained an apparently complete set of coat proteins except for the absence of the 5- and 8-kDa polypeptides. The map position of cotF is 349 degrees. Transcription of cotF commenced coincidently (during h 6 of sporulation) with genes known to be under the control of sporulation transcription factor sigma kappa.
Silicon solar cells based on all-laser-transferred contacts (2013)

Crystalline silicon solar cells based on all-laser-transferred contacts (ALTC) have been fabricated with both front and rear metallization achieved through laser induced forward transferring. Both the front and rear contacts were laser-transferred from a glass slide coated with a metal layer to the silicon substrate already processed with emitter formation, surface passivation, and antireflection coating. Ohmic contacts were achieved after this laser transferring. The ALTC solar cells were fabricated on chemically textured p-type Cz silicon wafers. An initial conversion efficiency of over 15% was achieved on a simple cell structure with full-area emitter. Further improvements are expected with optimized laser transferring conditions, front grid pattern design, and surface passivation. The ALTC process demonstrates the advantage of laser processing in simplifying the solar cell fabrication by a one-step metal transferring and firing process. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prompt acceleration of ions by oblique turbulent shocks in solar flares (1985)

Solar flares often accelerate ions and electrons to relativistic energies. The details of the acceleration process are not well understood, but until recently the main trend was to divide the acceleration process into two phases. During the first phase elctrons and ions are heated and accelerated up to several hundreds of keV simultaneously with the energy release. These mildly relativistic electrons interact with the ambient plasma and magnetic fields and generate hard X-ray and radio radiation. The second phase, usually delayed from the first by several minutes, is responsible for accelerating ions and electrons to relativistic energies. Relativistic electrons and ions interact with the solar atmosphere or escape from the Sun and generate gamma ray continuum, gamma ray line emission, neutron emission or are detected in space by spacecraft. In several flares the second phase is coincident with the start of a type 2 radio burst that is believed to be the signature of a shock wave. Observations from the Solar Maximum Mission spacecraft have shown, for the first time, that several flares accelerate particles to all energies nearly simultaneously. These results posed a new theoretical problem: How fast are shocks and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence formed and how quickly can they accelerate ions to 50 MeV in the lower corona? This problem is discussed.
School Bus Acceleration Characteristics (1998)

Research was conducted to collect speed, time, and distance data for Type C and D (full size) school buses accelerating from a stopped position. Most of the tests were conducted on level terrain. By combining the knowledge of how quickly a school bus can accelerate with assumed speeds of oncoming through-street vehicles, the needed intersection sight distance can be calculated. Another application of the findings is analyzing departure sight distance at railroad grade crossings used by school buses.
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS WITH IMPROVED BARRIER PERFORMANCE (2008)

Charles Page is the European R&D manager for PolyOne's TPE product lines. He graduated from Coventry University in 1999 with a B.Eng Materials Science degree, after which he began working in AlphaGary's UK production site as their TPE-S development technologist, he remained there for three years before moving to Germany to begin working within PolyOne's international TPE team, overseeing development of TPE-S, TPE-U, TPE-O and TPE-V product ranges. ABSTRACT Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have reached a very high level of commercial importance, resulting in numerous new products and technology developments each year. Conventional TPEs typically exhibit very poor barrier properties. Manufacturers, especially in the area of food packaging and medical industries have a performance need of TPEs with improved barrier properties. GLS and PolyOne have developed multiple TPE technologies i.e. barrier TPEs that satisfy various segments of barrier requirements. This paper covers the recent developments and properties of medium barrier, high barrier, and super high barrier TPEs, as well as their application in food and medical packaging applications.
Mining Information of Attack-Defense Status from Soccer Video Based on Scene Analysis (2007)

Video content is always huge by itself with abundant information. Extracting explicit semantic information has been extensively investigated such as object detection, structure analysis and event detection. However, little work has been devoted on the problem of discovering global or inexplicit information from the huge video stream. As an implementation in this topic, this paper proposes a solution to mining the statistical global attack-defense status information from soccer video by scene analysis. Semantic scene information of play field detection, view classification, midline detection and global motion are extracted as the mid level information, and then they are fed into the finite state machine based status mining model to generate the statistical results, which will be of much usefulness for users. Experimental results reveal the feasibility of the method and more research work on the topic of discovering high-level inexplicit information from video are expected.
Effects of hyperventilation on phosphocreatine kinetics and muscle deoxygenation during moderate-intensity plantar flexion exercise (2007)

The effects of controlled voluntary hyperventilation (Hyp) on phosphocreatine (PCr) kinetics and muscle deoxygenation were examined during moderate-intensity plantar flexion exercise. Male subjects (n = 7) performed trials consisting of 20-min rest, 6-min exercise, and 10-min recovery in control [Con; end-tidal Pco(2) (Pet(CO(2))) approximately 33 mmHg] and Hyp (Pet(CO(2)) approximately 17 mmHg) conditions. Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance and near-infrared spectroscopy were used simultaneously to monitor intramuscular acid-base status, high-energy phosphates, and muscle oxygenation. Resting intracellular hydrogen ion concentration ([H(+)](i)) was lower (P < 0.05) in Hyp [90 nM (SD 3)] than Con [96 nM (SD 4)]; however, at end exercise, [H(+)](i) was greater (P < 0.05) in Hyp [128 nM (SD 19)] than Con [120 nM (SD 17)]. At rest, [PCr] was not different between Con [36 mM (SD 2)] and Hyp [36 mM (SD 1)]. The time constant (tau) of PCr breakdown during transition from rest to exercise was greater (P < 0.05) in Hyp [39 s (SD 22)] than Con [32 s (SD 22)], and the PCr amplitude was greater (P < 0.05) in Hyp [26% (SD 4)] than Con [22% (SD 6)]. The deoxyhemoglobin and/or deoxymyoglobin (HHb) tau was similar between Hyp [13 s (SD 8)] and Con [10 s (SD 3)]; however, the amplitude was increased (P < 0.05) in Hyp [40 arbitrary units (au) (SD 23)] compared with Con [26 au (SD 17)]. In conclusion, our results indicate that Hyp-induced hypocapnia enhanced substrate-level phosphorylation during moderate-intensity exercise. In addition, the increased amplitude of the HHb response suggests a reduced local muscle perfusion in Hyp compared with Con.
Thermodynamic characterization of thrombin binding by cross-linked and non-cross-linked fibrin in the presence and absence of Ca2+. (1980)

The effects of temperature on the association constant K, and other thermodynamic parameters (AC,", A@, A@, and AS") of thrombin binding by cross-linked and non-cross-linked fibrins in the presence and absence of Ca2+ are reported.A@ and A9' were highly temperature-dependent, as shown by the nonlinear van't Hoff plots, but AGO varied only slightly with change in temperature.Energy compensation plots for cross-linked and non-cross-linked fibrins in the pres-
Effect of valve holder flexibility on cavitation initiation with mechanical heart valve prostheses: an in vitro study. (1996)

The results of the study suggest that timing of the mechanism to initiate cavitation is a critical factor in cavitation attenuation with flexible valve holders. If cavitation is initiated before the flexible valve holder responds to the impact at valve closure (such as due to squeeze film effect), cavitation intensity remains unchanged. Based on the results of the study, we propose that tissue compliance in vivo may not attenuate cavitation initiation for certain types of mechanical heart valves depending on the cavitation initiation mechanism.
Dual-wavelength demultiplexing InGaAsP photodiode (1979)

We report the successful operation of a new photodiode structure capable of detecting and demultiplexing two wavelength bands simultaneously. Wavelength discrimination is achieved with a multilayer structure that incorporates p-n junctions in two InxGa1−xAsyP1−y layers having different band gaps. In initial devices ’’crosstalk’’ between the photoresponses is less than −10 dB at each response peak.
Application of game theory to the interaction between plant viruses during mixed infections (2009)

Natural mixed infections of plant viruses are frequent, often leading to unpredictable variations in symptoms, infectivity, accumulation and/or vector transmissibility. Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus (CaMV) has often been found in mixed infections with turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV) in plants of the genus Brassica. This study addressed the effect of mixed infection on infectivity, pathogenicity and accumulation of CaMV and TuMV in Arabidopsis thaliana plants inoculated mechanically with cDNA infectious clones. In singly infected plants, TuMV accumulation was approximately 8-fold higher than that of CaMV. In co-infected plants, there was 77 % more TuMV accumulation compared with single infections, whilst the accumulation of CaMV was 56 % lower. This outcome describes a biological game in which TuMV always plays the winner strategy, leading to the competitive exclusion of CaMV. However, the infectivity of each virus was not affected by the presence of the other, and no symptom synergism was observed.
The 5ESS® Wireless Mobile Switching Center (1993)

The growing market for wireless telecommunications services is resulting in a strong movement toward digitizing these services. Currently, three digital wireless standards are specified. Each includes a mobile switching center (MSC) as the centralized network switching and call control entity. The MSC must be adaptable to a variety of network and service environments, and must support a broad range of sophisticated end-user services. AT&T's 5ESS® Switch supports the MSC function for two of the three digital wireless standards, and is an integral component of the AT&T MSC product for the third standard. Reuse of the existing hardware platform, designing wireless functionality as incremental extensions of the existing software architecture, and support of intelligent network (IN) capabilities on the 5ESS MSC, results in a uniquely matched solution for providing wireless services in a wide variety of network environments and applications.
An efficient multi-tier tablet server storage architecture (2011)

Distributed, structured data stores such as Big Table, HBase, and Cassandra use a cluster of machines, each running a database-like software system called the Tablet Server Storage Layer or TSSL. A TSSL's performance on each node directly impacts the performance of the entire cluster. In this paper we introduce an efficient, scalable, multi-tier storage architecture for tablet servers. Our system can use any layered mix of storage devices such as Flash SSDs and magnetic disks. Our experiments show that by using a mix of technologies, performance for certain workloads can be improved beyond configurations using strictly two-tier approaches with one type of storage technology. We utilized, adapted, and integrated cache-oblivious algorithms and data structures, as well as Bloom filters, to improve scalability significantly. We also support versatile, efficient transactional semantics. We analyzed and evaluated our system against the storage layers of Cassandra and Hadoop HBase. We used wide range of workloads and configurations from read- to write-optimized, as well as different input sizes. We found that our system is 3--10× faster than existing systems; that using proper data structures, algorithms, and techniques is critical for scalability, especially on modern Flash SSDs; and that one can fully support versatile transactions without sacrificing performance.
Polyoma and hamster papovavirus large T antigen-mediated replication of expression shuttle vectors in Chinese hamster ovary cells (1991)

Eukaryotic expression vectors have been used successfully in viral LT-expressing cell lines (ie. COS) to clone cDNAs encoding proteins that can be detected through their bio-activity or reactivity with specific antibodies. Since Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) have been used extensively for the isolation and characterization of somatic cell mutants, we felt it would be an advantage to develop an expression cloning system in CHO cells. We have modified the eukaryotic expression vector CDM8 by replacing the polyoma and SV40 origins of replication with the 427bp non-coding region of the Syrian hamster papovavirus. Wild-type CHO cells and the CHO glycosylation-mutant Lec4A were transfected with plasmids bearing the early genes of either polyoma virus or hamster papovavirus in order to establish stable, LT antigen-expressing cell lines designated CHOP or CHOH, respectively. CHOP cell lines expressing polyoma LT antigen supported efficient replication of CDM8, but replicated pMH poorly. Conversely, CHOH cells expressing the hamster papovavirus LT antigen supported replication of pMH, and at a lower efficiency, CDM8. Replication of CDM8 and pMH vectors were equally efficient in selected CHOP and CHOH cell lines, respectively and comparable to that of CDM8 replication in COS-1 cells. A bacterial beta-galactosidase fusion gene inserted into the multiple cloning site of a CDM8 derivative was efficiently expressed when transiently transfected into CHOP and CHOH cells but not CHO cells since only the former supports autonomous plasmid replication. These results show that expression-cloning in CHO cells expressing either polyoma virus or hamster papovavirus LT antigens is possible using either the CDM8 or the pMH vectors, respectively.
On the carbon nucleophilicity of proton sponge (1992)

Proton sponge [1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene] acts as a carbon nucleophile towards co-ordinated alkenes in [Pt(η2-alkene)Cl(Me2NCH2CH2NMe2)]+(alkene = ethylene, propene or styrene), the resulting Pt–C σ bond being cleaved by acids to afford the 4-alkyl-substituted base.
High-sensitivity compact ultrasonic detector based on a pi-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (2011)

A highly sensitive compact hydrophone, based on a pi-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating, has been developed for the measurement of wideband ultrasonic fields. The grating exhibits a sharp resonance, whose centroid wavelength is pressure sensitive. The resonance is monitored by a continuous-wave (CW) laser to measure ultrasound-induced pressure variations within the grating. In contrast to standard fiber sensors, the high finesse of the resonance--which is the reason for the sensor's high sensitivity--is not associated with a long propagation length. Light localization around the phase shift reduces the effective size of the sensor below that of the grating and is scaled inversely with the resonance spectral width. In our system, an effective sensor length of 270 μm, pressure sensitivity of 440 Pa, and effective bandwidth of 10 MHz were achieved. This performance makes our design attractive for medical imaging applications, such as optoacoustic tomography, in which compact, sensitive, and wideband acoustic detectors are required.
Cell surface sialoprotein alterations in metastatic murine colon cancer cell lines selected in an animal model for colon cancer metastasis. (1990)

Alterations in cell surface proteins and glycoproteins may play a key role in determining the metastatic behavior of tumor cells. The cell surface proteins of a series of related murine colon cancer cells selected in an animal model for colon cancer metastasis (R. S. Bresalier et al., Cancer Res., 47: 1398-1406, 1987) were therefore compared by a variety of biochemical methods. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of cell surface proteins followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated quantitative and qualitative differences in the cell surface protein profiles of parental cell line 51B (low metastatic potential) and its metastatic derivatives 51B LiM 5 and 51B LiM 6. Labeling of sialic acid-containing proteins suggested that, in the case of at least four of these proteins (Mr 170,000, 120,000, 95,000, and 55,000), this represented an increase in radioactive labeling of sialoglycoproteins from the metastatic lines. Affinity chromatography of solubilized 125I-labeled cell membrane proteins revealed a 2- to 3-fold increase in wheat germ agglutinin and Sambucus nigra lectin binding associated with the metastatic lines, compared to the poorly metastatic parent. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of material eluted from these columns demonstrated enhancement of proteins from the metastatic cells corresponding in molecular weight to the previously identified major sialoglycoproteins. Neuraminidase-releasable membrane-associated sialic acid and sialyltransferase activities were 2- to 3-fold higher in the metastatic cell lines compared to the parental line. Liver colonization after intrasplenic injection of the various lines into syngeneic mice was dramatically reduced by prior removal of cell surface sialic acid. Immunohistochemical staining of primary and metastatic tumors formed after cecal injection of parental 51B suggested selective metastasis by wheat germ agglutinin-binding tumor cells. These results further support the concept that cell membrane sialylation is important in determining the metastatic potential of cancer cells.
Cephalosporin P1 and helvolic acid (1956)

An examination of the published analytical figures in addition to hydrolysis. These complications (Williams, 1952) suggests that the formula for helvolic acid were avoided in the complete hydrogenation of is C32H4208 rather than C32H4408.
New halogenated agents: should I change my practice? (2000)

Sevoflurane and Desflurane are relatively new halogenated agents which make induction and control of depth of anaesthesia easier, recovery rapid and of good quality and they have less side-effects and toxicity. In children sevoflurane could replace halothane because it provides smooth and rapid induction with less cardiovascular depression and arrhythmias. Desflurane is not used because of its pungent odour. In adults sevoflurane could be preferred to desflurane because it allows rapid induction and laryngeal mask insertion or tracheal intubation without myorelaxants, a similar time of recovery, no clinical evidence for renal and hepatic toxicity, no more costs for anaesthesia for a lower MAC.
Evidence for Coal Ash Ponds Leaking in the Southeastern United States (2016)

Coal combustion residuals (CCRs), the largest industrial waste in the United States, are mainly stored in surface impoundments and landfills. Here, we examine the geochemistry of seeps and surface water from seven sites and shallow groundwater from 15 sites in five states (Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia, Virginia, and North Carolina) to evaluate possible leaking from coal ash ponds. The assessment for groundwater impacts at the 14 sites in North Carolina was based on state-archived monitoring well data. Boron and strontium exceeded background values of 100 and 150 μg/L, respectively, at all sites, and the high concentrations were associated with low δ(11)B (-9‰ to +8‰) and radiogenic (87)Sr/(86)Sr (0.7070 to 0.7120) isotopic fingerprints that are characteristic of coal ash at all but one site. Concentrations of CCR contaminants, including SO4, Ca, Mn, Fe, Se, As, Mo, and V above background levels, were also identified at all sites, but contamination levels above drinking water and ecological standards were observed in 10 out of 24 samples of impacted surface water. Out of 165 monitoring wells, 65 were impacted with high B levels and 49 had high CCR-contaminant levels. Distinct isotope fingerprints, combined with elevated levels of CCR tracers, provide strong evidence for the leaking of coal ash ponds to adjacent surface water and shallow groundwater. Given the large number of coal ash impoundments throughout the United States, the systematic evidence for leaking of coal ash ponds shown in this study highlights potential environmental risks from unlined coal ash ponds.
MAP kinase phosphatase 1 controls innate immune responses and suppresses endotoxic shock (2005)

Septic shock is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, genetic factors predisposing to septic shock are not fully understood. Excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and the resultant severe hypotension play a central role in the pathophysiological process. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades are crucial in the biosynthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. MAP kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1 is an archetypal member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase family that dephosphorylates MAP kinase. Thus, we hypothesize that knockout of the Mkp-1 gene results in prolonged MAP kinase activation, augmented cytokine production, and increased susceptibility to endotoxic shock. Here, we show that knockout of Mkp-1 substantially sensitizes mice to endotoxic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. We demonstrate that upon LPS challenge, Mkp-1-/- cells exhibit prolonged p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation as well as enhanced TNF-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 production compared with wild-type cells. After LPS challenge, Mkp-1 knockout mice produce dramatically more TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 than do wild-type mice. Consequently, Mkp-1 knockout mice develop severe hypotension and multiple organ failure, and exhibit a remarkable increase in mortality. Our studies demonstrate that MKP-1 is a pivotal feedback control regulator of the innate immune responses and plays a critical role in suppressing endotoxin shock.
Lignans from the Roots of Wikstroemia indica and Their DPPH Radical Scavenging and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities (2005)

In our investigation of in vitro anti-allergic screening of medicinal herbal extracts, the ethyl acetate extract of the root of Wikstroemia indica was observed to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and recombinant mouse interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) activated murine macrophage-like cell line, RAW 264.7. Fractionation of the active extract led to the isolation of two new lignan dimer bis-5,5-nortrachelogenin (1) and bis-5,5'-nortrachelogenin (2), and three known lignans. Compound 1 and lirioresinol B (5) inhibited NO production with IC50 values at 48.6 and 53.5 microM, respectively. Compound 5 also showed free radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) at IC50 values at 19.5 microM.