gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Culture of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells on Gelfoam blocks (1992)

Conventional methods of endothelial cell culture on monolayers and beads require enzymatic digestion, traumatic scraping, or centrifugation to transfer cells to other experimental systems. Gelfoam, a porous gelatin block, not only supports the growth of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells but also allows the rapid transfer of cell-laden blocks from one experimental system to another with minimal intervention. This property has been shown to be especially useful for the rapid fixation of endothelial cells for microscopy using standard histologic methods. Histology confirmed that the trabecular nature of the substrate allows endothelial cells to line the interstices of the sponge matrix and grow in a configuration that simulates the appearance of the endothelium in small vessels and capillaries. The inoculation of 1 x 10(5) endothelial cells on 7.5 mg Gelfoam (24 x 8 x 2 mm blocks) was enhanced by fibroblast growth factor and resulted in cell attachment by day 2 with a cell doubling time of 1.7 days. In addition, endothelial cells completely infiltrated 1, 5 and 7.5 mg Gelfoam blocks, as verified by histology. Assays to quantify cell number and protein were easily performed. To facilitate cell counting, the Gelfoam matrix was rapidly removed by the addition of 0.05 mg/ml collagenase, a concentration that interfered minimally with the assay for cellular protein concentration. The data demonstrate that Gelfoam is a suitable support growth matrix for the in vitro culture of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells.
On the Productivity of Machines Tended by a Single Operator (1971)

The classical machine interference problem is dealt with where the repair periods are independent Erlang variates for each service, and the running times are independent and identically distributed exponential variates for each and every machine. A simple numerical procedure has been derived from which the efficiency or productivity of the system can be calculated for any specified conditions. Some tables have been obtained of the operator efficiency for selected combinations of the variables in the problem, and it is shown that Cox's (1954) approximations work well in the particular case studied.
合成洗涤剂“肥皂”的展望（英） (1999)

最近几年，现有的，好的肥皂已越来越成熟，新的配方包含了抗菌剂和皮肤护理成分，并具有其它一系列优化，目前市场上出现了许多具有温和性，药性，收敛性，草药性，皮肤护理和一些特性肥皂，当然还有一些简单的不含任何添加剂的肥皂。对肥皂类型的转变作了一个综述。
View generation for three-dimensional scenes from video sequences (1997)

This paper focuses on the representation and view generation of three-dimensional (3-D) scenes. In contrast to existing methods that construct a full 3-D model or those that exploit geometric invariants, our representation consists of dense depth maps at several preselected viewpoints from an image sequence. Furthermore, instead of using multiple calibrated stationary cameras or range scanners, we derive our depth maps from image sequences captured by an uncalibrated camera with only approximately known motion. We propose an adaptive matching algorithm that assigns various confidence levels to different regions in the depth maps. Nonuniform bicubic spline interpolation is then used to fill in low confidence regions in the depth maps. Once the depth maps are computed at preselected viewpoints, the intensity and depth at these locations are used to reconstruct arbitrary views of the 3-D scene. Specifically, the depth maps are regarded as vertices of a deformable 2-D mesh, which are transformed in 3-D, projected to 2-D, and rendered to generate the desired view. Experimental results are presented to verify our approach.
NITROGEN AND ITALIAN RYEGRASS (1975)

ABSTRACT This paper describes the regrowth of Italian ryegrass, following a cut in late April, measured by recording DM yields at weekly intervals up to 14 weeks. There were 4 levels of applied N: 25, 75, 125 and 175 Ib/ac (28, 84, 140 and 196 kg/ha). Rate of growth up to 10 weeks was compared with that recorded in similar experiments in Cambridge in earlier years and was found to be generally similar. The highest yields of DM and digestible organic matter were recorded after 11 weeks; beyond this stage there was a fall in yield. There was a large response to 75 Ib N compared with 25, a moderate response to 125 Ib compared with 75 (greater during the last 7 weeks than during the first 7 weeks), and little response to 175 Ib compared with 125. The time‐saving value of N is noted. DM content was appreciably lower than in Cambridge, apparently because of both surface and internal moisture, but showed similar trends. In some of the early weeks, especially at high N, the crop appeared to be supplying water well in excess of livestock needs. In vitro digestibility was much affected by stage of growth and little affected by level of N.
Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium/Sulfur Batteries (2012)

This review evaluates the characteristics and advantages of employing polymer electrolytes in lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries. The main highlights of this study constitute detailed information on the advanced developments for solid polymer electrolytes and gel polymer electrolytes, used in the lithium/sulfur battery. This includes an in-depth analysis conducted on the preparation and electrochemical characteristics of the Li/S batteries based on these polymer electrolytes.
<i>The</i> 555 <i>Timer</i>: <i>Applications</i> <i>Sourcebook</i> <i>With</i> <i>Experiments</i> (1977)

First Page
Entropy-Driven Mechanism of an E3 Ligase (2011)

Ubiquitin-like modifications are macromolecular chemistry for which our understanding of the enzymatic mechanisms is lacking. Most E3 ligases in ubiquitin-like modifications do not directly participate in chemistry but are thought to confer allosteric effects; however, the nature of the allosteric effects has been elusive. Recent molecular dynamics simulations suggested that an E3 binding enhances the population of the conformational states of the E2·SUMO thioester that favor reactions. In this study, we conducted the first temperature-dependent enzyme kinetic analysis to investigate the role of an E3 on activation entropy and enthalpy. The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3, RanBP2, confers unusually large, favorable activation entropy to lower the activation energy of the reaction. Mutants of RanBP2, designed to alter the flexibilities of the E2·SUMO thioester, showed a direct correlation of their favorable entropic effects with their ability to restrict the conformational flexibility of the E2·SUMO thioester. While the more favorable activation entropy is consistent with the previously suggested role of E3 in conformational selection, the large positive entropy suggests a significant role of solvent in catalysis. Indeed, molecular dynamics simulations in explicit water revealed that the more stable E2·SUMO thioester upon E3 binding results in stabilization of a large number of bound water molecules. Liberating such structured water at the transition state can result in large favorable activation entropy but unfavorable activation enthalpy. The entropy-driven mechanism of the E3 is consistent with the lack of structural conservation among E3s despite their similar functions. This study also illustrates how proteins that bind both SUMO and E2 can function as E3s and how intrinsically unstructured proteins can enhance macromolecular chemistry in addition to their known advantages in protein--protein interactions.
Conductively cooled alexandrite laser system (1986)

The design of a compact conductively cooled alexandrite laser system is presented. This paper describes the long-pulsed Q-switched performance highlights of this laser. The enhanced performance achieved by employing coated flashlamps is also presented.
ChemInform Abstract: MICELLAR AND NONMICELLAR ASSOCIATION OF ANTIACETYLCHOLINE DRUGS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION (1976)

Abstract Die kontinuierlich mit der Konzentration ansteigende Intensität der Lichtstreuung von Lösungen der Verbindungen (I) läßt keine kritische Mizellenkonzentration erkennen (stufenweise Assoziation).
Interaction of anti‐staphylococcal protein A antisera with Fc receptor‐bearing human normal lymphocytes (1979)

Abstract Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is known to bind the Fc region of IgG of most mammalians and to possess biologic activity both in vivo and in vitro , where it acts as a lymphocyte polyclonal mitogen. Its binding to the Feγ portion bears many features of the antibody‐antigen interaction, such as the dissociation constant, lattice formation, and complement activation. Moreover, SpA seems to compete with membrane Fc receptors for IgG so that the possibility of an interaction with the same C H domain(s) of IgG can be considered. In the present study, evidence is given that anti‐SpA anti‐sera obtained from chickens and rabbits are able to inhibit EA rosette formation by normal human lymphocytes and that they are able to recognize, with immunofluorescent staining, a subpopulation of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) that closely resembles that of EA rosette‐forming cells (RFC). Moreover, the depletion of EA RFC by means of a single gradient centrifugation is accomplished by the parallel depletion of PBL stainable by anti‐SpA antisera. The relevance of these results in the hypothesis of a similarity between the combining sites of SpA and membrane Fc receptor(s) for IgG is discussed.
Two semantics for XPath (2000)

This note presents two semantics for XPath, devised by Phil Wadler after conversations with James Clark at the 19–21 July XSL Face-to-Face meeting. The semantics are somewhat simplified, focussing on the role of axes in selection and on the special functions position() and last(). Some cases are omitted, and we ignore the coercions between nodesets, numbers, strings, and booleans. The first semantics is given in Figure 1, the second in Figure 2, and both semantics use some auxiliary functions on axes, given in Figure 3. (I consider the second semantics superior, but I gather that James disagrees, so I have presented both.) For a tutorial introduction to denotational semantics and its application to XSL, please see [1]. The first semantics has the advantage of being uniform, in that the three main semantic functions all have the same additional parameters: an axis a, a context node x, and a context node set S; furthermore, it is always the case that x ∈ S. We write S[[p]](x, S) for the set of nodes selected by pattern p, and Q[[q]](x, S) for boolean value of the qualifier q, and E[[e]](x, S) for the numerical value of the expression e. However, the uniformity may obscure more than it reveals: note that the S parameter is always ignored by S, as the line for p[q] always computes a fresh context node set S1 to pass in to the semantics of q. Also, the line for p1/p2 is complicated by the need to introduce S1 in order to satisfy the invariant that the context node is always in the context node set. In any event, using a context node set is overkill, in that the only values that are relevant are the position of the context node in the context node set computed by the call to position(), and the size of the context node set computed by the call to last(). The second semantics is simplified in three ways. First, since the context node set is ignored, it is dropped as a parameter to S. Second, the context node set is replaced as a parameter to Q and E by the position of the context node (call this k) and size of the context node set (call this n). Third, since the position is computed at the first call to Q, it is no longer necessary for Q or E to take an axis parameter. Hence we write S[[p]]x for the set of nodes selected by pattern p, and Q[[q]](x, k, n) for boolean value of the qualifier q, and E [[e]](x, k, n) for the numerical value of the expression e. There are three auxiliary semantic functions on axes. We write A[[a]]x for the set of nodes generated by axis a from context node x, and P[[a]] for the principal node type associated with axis a, and D[[a]] for the direction (forward or reverse node order) associated with axis a. The last two of these can be computed at compile time, as they are independent of the context node. Comments on either this note or [1] would be much appreciated.
The effect of continued feeding of physiological amounts of lactose on the level of intestinal lactase and other disaccharidase enzyme activities in the rat (1990)

Intestinal lactase activity in mammals is high at birth but begins to decline around weaning and reaches very low levels in adult life. The triggering mechanism for this decline is not clear. Because of the association of the decline with weaning, lack of lactose in the diet has been implicated. In 110 growing rats, the effect of continued supplementation of the diet after weaning with physiological amounts of either cows' milk or a 5% lactose solution on intestinal lactase and other disaccharidase enzyme activities was investigated. In both control and test animals, the specific lactase activity decreased from a peak value of 115 +/- 4 mumol min-1 g-1 protein before weaning to about 10% at maturity. There was no significant difference in the level or the pattern of decline between the groups. Sucrase, maltase and trehalase showed the normal maturational changes without being affected by the test diets. The finding suggests that diet, particularly the presence or absence of physiological amounts of lactose, has no appreciable effect on the age related spontaneous decline of intestinal lactase activity or on the pattern of development of the other disaccharidases.
Integrated High‐Efficiency Pt/Carbon Nanotube Arrays for PEM Fuel Cells (2011)

Abstract A facile strategy to deposit Pt nanoparticles with various metal‐loading densities on vertically aligned carbon nanotube (ACNT) arrays as electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells is described. The deposition is achieved by electrostatic adsorption of the Pt precursor on the positively charged polyelectrolyte functionalized ACNT arrays and subsequent reduction by L ‐ascorbic acid. The application of the aligned electrocatalysts in fuel cells is realized by transferring from a quartz substrate to nafion membrane using a hot‐press procedure to fabricate the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). It is shown that the MEA with vertically aligned structured electrocatalysts provides better Pt utilization than that with Pt on conventional carbon nanotubes or carbon black, resulting in higher fuel cell performance.
Primary Electronic Thermometry Using the Shot Noise of a Tunnel Junction (2003)

We present a thermometer based on the electrical noise from a tunnel junction. In this thermometer, temperature is related to the voltage across the junction by a relative noise measurement with only the use of the electron charge, Boltzmann's constant, and assumption that electrons in a metal obey Fermi-Dirac statistics. We demonstrate proof-of-concept operation of this primary thermometer over four orders of magnitude in temperature, with as high as 0.1% accuracy and 0.02% precision in the range near 1 kelvin. The self-calibrating nature of this sensor allows for a much faster and simpler measurement than traditional Johnson noise thermometry, making it potentially attractive for metrology and for general use in cryogenic systems.
A New Photolabile Linker for the Photoactivation of Carboxyl Groups (2001)

A new photolabile linker enabling nucleophilic cleavage of a carboxyl functionality upon irradiation with UV light (>290 nm) was developed. When the photocleavage is carried out in the presence of primary or secondary amines, amides are obtained in high yields and purities, while the intramolecular version of this reaction leads to heterocycles via a cyclorelease mechanism.
Accuracy of home blood glucose meters during hypoglycemia (1996)

There were substantial differences between the blood glucose meters during hypoglycemia, and none of the devices met the latest criteria recommended by the American Diabetes Association.
The contribution of nurses to children's well‐being in hospital: a selective review of the literature (1992)

Summary The literature demonstrating the effects of child hospitalization is reviewed prior to a review of selected aspects of a child's hospital experience. Despite the clearly demonstrated benefit of preparatory work with children and their parents, it appears that British nurses have not widely incorporated well‐researched techniques into their practice. Hospitalization appears to be a lonely experience both for children and their parents. Pain management is also reviewed and it is clear that optimal pain relief has yet to be attained.
'Glutamine(amide): 2-Oxoglutarate Amino Transferase Oxido-reductase (NADP)', an Enzyme Involved in the Synthesis of Glutamate by Some Bacteria (1970)

SUMMARY: Ammonia-limited Aerobacter aerogenes, Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and B. megaterium synthesized glutamate from NH3 and 2-oxoglutarate by a process that involved first the synthesis of glutamine and then the reductive transfer of the glutamine amide-nitrogen to the 2-position of 2-oxoglutarate. The latter step required the recently reported enzyme ‘glutamine(amide): 2-oxoglutarate amino-transferase oxido-reductase (NADP)', some further properties of which are described here. This enzyme, from different organisms, always had a well-defined maximum activity at a pH value between 7·5 and 8·0; it had an apparent Km for 2-oxoglutarate between 0·1 and 2·0 mm and an apparent Km for glutamine between 0·2 and 1·8 mm. Glutamate (the metabolic end-product) and Mg2+ strongly inhibited the enzyme from Gram-negative bacteria but less so that from Gram-positive species. Synthesis of glutamate by this enzyme required NADPH, and NADH was inactive; pyruvate, oxaloacetate, 2-oxobutyrate and 2-oxoisovalerate could not substitute for 2-oxoglutarate, nor could the requirement for glutamine be met by asparagine, citrulline, arginine or urea. Although conditions that favoured the synthesis of this enzyme generally also favoured synthesis of glutamine synthetase and caused suppression of glutamate dehydrogenase formation, a close correlation between the bacterial contents of these different enzymes was not apparent.
Plaque Formation by and Plaque Cloning of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Biovar Trachoma (1998)

A new technique for the induction of plaque formation by Chlamydia trachomatis biovar trachoma applicable to the titration of infectivity and cloning of biovar trachoma was established. Three novel strains were cloned and confirmed to be free of glycogen inclusions. The lack of glycogen accumulation correlated with the absence of a 7.5-kb plasmid, which is highly conserved in other strains of C. trachomatis. Although the growth efficiency of these plasmid-free strains was slightly lower than that of plasmid-positive strains, possession of the plasmid and glycogen accumulation were not essential for the survival of C. trachomatis.
논문 : 방향성 있는 감쇠재료가 삽입된 복합적충판의 진동 및 감쇠특성 (2003)

복합재료에 삽입된 점탄성 재료는 복합재구조물의 감쇠물성을 크게 증가시킨다. 일반적으로 점탄성 재료는 동방성이므로 모든 방향의 감쇠물성이 동일하다. 최근 재료의 방향에 따라 감쇠물성이 변하는 이방성 감쇠재료의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 이방성 감쇠재료는 점탄성 재료 내부에 얇은 섬유를 삽입하여 제작한다. 삽입된 섬유는 댐핑재료의 강성에 큰 영향을 주며 강성은 고전 적충판 이론을 따르게 된다. 본 논문에서는 Ni와 Adams의 이론을 이용하여 손실계수를 평가하였다. 그리고 방향성 있는 감쇠재료의 영향을 평가하기위해 저속충격 거동해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과로부터 방향성 있는 감쇠재료는 복합적충판의 진동 및 감쇠특성에 큰 영향을 줌을 보였다.
Static and Dynamic Autonomic Response with Increasing Nausea Perception (2011)

Background—Nausea is a commonly occurring symptom typified by epigastric discomfort with urge to vomit. The relationship between autonomic nervous system (ANS) outflow and increasing nausea perception is not fully understood. Methods—Our study employed a nauseogenic visual stimulus (horizontally translating stripes) while 17 female subjects freely rated transitions in nausea level and autonomic outflow was measured (heart rate, HR, heart rate variability, HRV, skin conductance response, SCR, respiratory rate). We also adopted a recent approach to continuous high frequency (HF) HRV estimation to evaluate dynamic cardiovagal modulation. Results—HR increased from baseline for all increasing nausea transitions, especially transition to strong nausea (15.0±11.4 bpm), but decreased (−6.6±4.6 bpm) once the visual stimulus ceased. SCR also increased for all increasing nausea transitions, especially transition to strong nausea (1.76±1.68 μS), but continued to increase (0.52 ± 0.65 μS) once visual stimulation ceased. LF/HF HRV increased following transition to moderate (1.54±2.11 a.u.) and strong (2.57±3.49 a.u.) nausea, suggesting a sympathetic shift in sympathovagal balance. However, dynamic HF HRV suggested that bursts of cardiovagal modulation precede transitions to higher nausea, perhaps influencing subjects to rate higher levels of nausea. No significant change in respiration rate was found. Conclusions—Our results suggest that increasing nausea perception is associated with both increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic ANS modulation. These findings corroborate past ANS studies of nausea, applying percept-linked analyses and dynamic estimation of cardiovagal modulation in response to nausea.
Regulation of the Mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> Uniporter by External Adenine Nucleotides:  The Uniporter Behaves Like a Gated Channel Which Is Regulated by Nucleotides and Divalent Cations (1997)

We have previously used measurements of uncoupler-enforced reverse activity to demonstrate that the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter is strongly inhibited by external EGTA plus free Mg2+, following a brief period of rapid activity. Using the same approach, we now show that in addition to divalent cations, the uniporter is regulated by external adenine nucleotides and by other components of the cytosol. Inhibition produced by EGTA plus free Mg2+ is reversed by spermine (EC0.5 approximately 40 microM) and reduced when mitochondria are purified by an isoosmotic density-gradient method. Under either condition, inhibition is restored by external adenine nucleotides in a concentration-dependent manner. The order of effectiveness is ATP > ADP > AMP, with the nucleoside adenosine being ineffective. Among nucleotide triphosphates, the order is ATP > CTP approximately UTP > GTP. The effectiveness of ATP (EC50 approximately 0.6 mM) is the same in mitochondria and mitoplasts, the same as that of AMPPNP, and is not altered by the presence of oligomycin, carboxyatractyloside, or AP5A, used alone or in combinations. These findings indicate that ATP acts at a site located on the outer surface of the inner membrane through a mechanism which does not require its hydrolysis. Phosphate also inhibits reverse uniport under some conditions (EC50 approximately 20 microM). The sites at which free ATP and free Mg2+ inhibit the uniporter can be distinguished by chymotrypsin treatment of mitoplasts, which eliminates the action of Mg2+ but does not affect the action of ATP. Data are interpreted within the context of a model in which the uniporter is considered to be a gated channel that is controlled, in part, by specific external effector sites that accept divalent cations or nucleotides. The possible consequences of the model for cell Ca2+ regulation by mitochondria and regulation of TCA cycle activity by the matrix free Ca2+ concentration are considered.
Head trauma (2002)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children and young adults throughout the world. Substantial progress has been made in reducing death and improving outcome for this little recognized epidemic since the 1980s. Nonetheless, over 50000 US citizens die annually as a consequence of TBI and 80000–90000 survivors experience substantial long-term disability. In this chapter, we will discuss recent epidemiologic studies, diagnosis and management of TBI and describe ongoing efforts in bench and translational research.