gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of the kallikrein gene family in normal and Alzheimer's disease brain (2001)

The human kallikrein gene family consists of 15 serine proteases. We examined the expression of the kallikrein genes in human cerebral cortex and hippocampus by RT-PCR and compared their expression between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control tissue. KLK1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13 and 14 are expressed in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus. KLK9 is expressed in cortex but not hippocampus, whereas KLK2, 3, 12 and 15 are not expressed in either tissue. We demonstrate an 11.5-fold increase in KLK8 mRNA levels in AD hippocampus compared to controls. The KLK8 gene product, neuropsin, processes extracellular matrix and is important for neuronal plasticity. Therefore, the increase in KLK8 could have detrimental effects on hippocampal function in AD.
Nickel matrix composite electrocoatings as electrical contacts (1999)

The work presented in this paper explores the possibility of using composite nickel matrix electrodeposits prepared under direct current (DC) and pulse current (PC) conditions as electrical contact materials. The codeposition of liquid containing microcapsules (/spl mu/caps) along with the metal matrix from electrolytic baths leads to the development of new type of materials with prespecified properties: the liquid-containing metal electrocoatings. The incorporation, in the nickel matrix, of polymeric wall /spl mu/caps containing oil ensures a self-lubrication and cooling action during fretting or transient operation. The electrical properties of composite nickel electrodeposits have been investigated. Different preparation conditions have been employed. Their contact resistance and interfacial temperature have been monitored for a great number of operation cycles during the simultaneous application of mechanical and electrical fatigue. SEM and XRD analysis were applied toward investigating the structural characteristics of the inter-electrode surfaces.
A generalized vortex lattice method for subsonic and supersonic flow applications (1977)

If the discrete vortex lattice is considered as an approximation to the surface-distributed vorticity, then the concept of the generalized principal part of an integral yields a residual term to the vorticity-induced velocity field. The proper incorporation of this term to the velocity field generated by the discrete vortex lines renders the present vortex lattice method valid for supersonic flow. Special techniques for simulating nonzero thickness lifting surfaces and fusiform bodies with vortex lattice elements are included. Thickness effects of wing-like components are simulated by a double (biplanar) vortex lattice layer, and fusiform bodies are represented by a vortex grid arranged on a series of concentrical cylindrical surfaces. The analysis of sideslip effects by the subject method is described. Numerical considerations peculiar to the application of these techniques are also discussed. The method has been implemented in a digital computer code. A users manual is included along with a complete FORTRAN compilation, an executed case, and conversion programs for transforming input for the NASA wave drag program.
IP multicast channels (1999)

In the IP multicast model, a set of hosts can be aggregated into a group of hosts with one address, to which any host can send. However, Internet TV, distance learning, file distribution and other emerging large-scale multicast applications strain the current realization of this model, which lacks a basis for charging, lacks access control, and is difficult to scale.This paper proposes an extension to IP multicast to support the channel model of multicast and describes a specific realization called EXPlicitly REquested Single-Source (EXPRESS) multicast. In this model, a multicast channel has exactly one explicitly designated source, and zero or more channel subscribers. A single protocol supports both channel subscription and efficient collection of channel information such as subscriber count. We argue that EXPRESS addresses the aforementioned problems, justifying this multicast service model in the Internet.
Copolymer Networks Based on Poly(<i>ω</i>‐pentadecalactone) and Poly(<i>ϵ</i>‐caprolactone)Segments as a Versatile Triple‐Shape Polymer System (2010)

Abstract Thermo‐sensitive triple‐shape polymers can perform two consecutive shape changes in response to heat. These shape changes correspond to the recovery of two different deformations in reverse order, which were programmed previously at elevated temperature levels ( T mid and T high ) by the application of external stress. Recently, an AB copolymer network was described, which surprisingly exhibited a triple‐shape effect despite being programmed with only one deformation at T high . Here it is explored whether a copolymer network system can be designed that enables a one‐step deformation process at ambient temperature (cold drawing) as a novel, gentle, and easy‐to‐handle triple‐shape‐creation procedure, in addition to the procedures reported to date, which generally involve deformation(s) at elevated temperature(s). A copolymer‐network system with two crystallizable polyester segments is synthesized and characterized, fulfilling two crucial criteria. These materials can be deformed at ambient temperature by cold drawing and show, even at T high , which is above the melting points of both switching domains, elongation at break of up to 250%. Copolymer networks with PCL contents of 75 and 50 wt% show a triple‐shape effect after cold drawing with shape‐fixity ratios between 65% and 80% and a total‐shape‐recovery ratio above 97%. Furthermore, in these copolymer networks, the triple‐shape effect can be obtained after a one‐step deformation at T high . Independent of the temperature at which the deformation is applied (ambient temperature or T high ), copolymer networks that have the same compositions show similar switching temperatures and proportioning of the recovery in two steps. The two‐step programming procedure enables a triple‐shape effect in copolymer networks for an even broader range of compositions. This versatile triple‐shape‐material system based on tailored building blocks is an interesting candidate material for applications in fixation systems or disassembling systems.
Powdered Chitin Agar as a Selective Medium for Enumeration of Actinomycetes in Water and Soil (1975)

Agar media made with 0.4% colloidal chitin plus mineral salts and adjusted to pH 8.0 was superior to four other commonly used media for the isolation and enumeration of actinomycetes from water samples. More actinomycetes developed on chitin agar, and the development of bacteria and fungi was suppressed. Frozen and vacuum-dried chitin from aqueous colloidal suspensions was finely divided and gave results comparable to those obtained with media prepared from colloidal suspensions. Images
Cyclic Stress Required to Propagate Edge Cracks in Eight Materials (1964)

Fatigue tests have been carried out at zero mean load on plate specimens, of eight materials, containing two opposite small co-planar edge cracks. The results confirmed that whether or not a crack would grow was governed by the parameter ρ 3 *** l where ρ is the semi-range of the nominal alternating stress and l is the edge-crack length. If ρ 3 l > C a crack would grow; if ρ 3 l < C a crack would remain dormant. The value of C was determined for each material.
Azo compounds for free radical crosslinking of polysiloxane stationary phases (1983)

Abstract There has been much effort spent in recent years developing the technology for free radical crosslinking of polysiloxane polymers to prepare capillary columns coated with thermally stable and nonextractable stationary phases. Organic peroxides have been used extensively as the free radical initiators for the in situ polymerization of the stationary phases. However, these peroxides adversely affect the phase polarity and column activity. Seven azo compounds were studied for crosslinking efficiency. Azo compounds can be used as free radical initiators to prepare nonextractable stationary phases without the adverse effects caused by peroxides.
FollowMe (2011)

Despite context-rich smartphone applications being adopted at an unprecedented rate, few use the data produced by the numerous cameras and microphones on walls and other fixed infrastructure. We present a system design called FollowMe aimed at letting mobile applications use these sensors for richer context and better applications. We discuss the benefits of such a system and the new applications it can support. We then describe the key challenges, including establishing relationships between users and sensors that meet the privacy and security requirements of different settings (e.g., a bedroom vs. a public park) with minimal setup overhead, and improving awareness of and control over how data about a person is used by other people.
Biological Effects of Very High Frequency Electro-magnetic Radiation (1933)

THE biologic effects of radiation in general are properly regarded as an investigative field of major importance. In the past, certain regions in the whole spectrum of radiation have been inaccessible to investigation because generators of frequencies corresponding to these regions have been lacking. The advent of short wave radio-communication, brought about by the development, in the last decade, of the vacuum tube oscillator and the associated circuits, has permitted the generation of electro-magnetic radiation of frequencies which may be varied at will from less than 100 to about 400,000,000 cycles per second. Moreover, the radiations generated in this way consist of continuous waves of relatively pure form, sharply emitted at the frequency to which the circuit is tuned. In this respect the oscillations differ from those generated in the usual high frequency apparatus used for therapeutic purposes. Here the oscillations are produced by condenser discharge across a spark gap. Such oscillations have a large decrement; the wave form is impure, giving rise to many harmonics; the emitted wave is broad, and consistent operation at frequencies much above one or two million cycles per second is difficult to obtain. It is only natural that, with the development of means for the generation of very high frequency electromagnetic radiation, the biologic effects of these oscillations should be investigated. Apparently the first paper on the biologic effects of such radiation was published in 1924 by Gosset, Gutmann, Lakhovsky, and Magrou (3), who reported the effects of very high frequency electro-magnetic radiation emitted by a vacuum tube oscillator upon plant tumors caused in the geranium by Bacterium tumefaciens. They reported that three geranium plants bearing tumors caused by inoculation with this organism were exposed to the radiations emitted by a vacuum tube oscillator at a frequency said to be about 150,000,000 cycles per second. One plant was given two exposures of three hours on consecutive days, one plant three, and one plant eleven such exposures. After 16 days from the first exposure the tumors, after growing in the interval, began suddenly to necrose. The necrotic process was said to be complete in about fifteen days so that the tumors could be detached by slight traction. In 16 control plants the tumors grew rapidly to great size and recurred after excision. The paper, however, contains no details as to the-apparatus nor the method of exposure to the radiation. In the Fall of 1924 the writer began his experiments on the action upon small laboratory animals of electro-static fields excited by very high frequency electro-magnetic radiation. As a preliminary to these studies, considerable work had to be done in testing the suitability of various types of oscillators for the work.
Effect of crystal texture on the magnetic properties of thin HCP Co-Ni films (1985)

In order to study the effect of crystal texture on the coercivity and squareness ratio of ferromagnetic thin films, Co-20 wt. % Ni films of various thicknesses (500Å <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim1.0\mu</tex> m) were sputter deposited on glass, single and polycrystalline substrates using a R.F. diode. The crystal texture and preferred orientation of sputtered Co-Ni films were determined by x-ray diffraction technique. The chemical composition and distribution of non-metallic elements of sputtered films were studied by energy dispersive analysis of x-ray and scanning Auger microprobe respectively. Scanning and transmission electron microscopes were used to study the structure and morphology of the films. The sputtered Co-Ni films were found to have a simultaneous presence of [0002] and [ <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10\bar{1}0</tex> ] orientations with a stable HCP structure. The change of preferred orientation of Co-Ni films with thickness (500Å to 1μm) resulted in dramatic changes in coercivity, squareness ratio and the shape of the M-H hysteresis loops of the films. It appeared that the magnetic behavior of these films was predominantly controlled by the texture of the films and was less sensitive towards the thickness.
Abstract 2999: NKG2A checkpoint receptor expression on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells restrains efficacy of immunotherapy (2017)

Abstract The inhibitory receptor CD94-NKG2A is expressed on subsets of NK cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T helper cells. It’s ligand is the non-classical MHC class I molecule HLA-E, commonly over-expressed in human cancers. We previously demonstrated that high HLA-E expression in ovarian carcinoma and NSCLC may neutralize the survival benefit of T cell infiltration, suggesting that NKG2A could represent an immune checkpoint that tumors may exploit for immune evasion. We thus examined NKG2A expression on human and mouse Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) populations and tested blockade of this receptor in mouse tumor models. Multicolor flow cytometry analysis showed higher frequency of NKG2A+CD8+ T cells in TIL samples obtained from biopsies of human head- and neck- carcinomas (n=17) compared to peripheral blood CD8+ T cells. Frequency of NKG2A+ TIL was higher in patients with measurable immune reactivity to HPV16-viral antigens than in patients without tumor immunity (14.8% vs 4.7%, respectively). Interestingly, only subsets of the NKG2A+ T cells co-expressed other inhibitory receptors, including PD-1 and TIM3, suggesting the existence of a ‘dedicated’ T cell subset for NKG2A. In our mouse tumor models we observed similar findings and, moreover, demonstrated that therapeutic vaccines comprising tumor antigens increased the frequency of NKG2A+-positive CD8+ TIL up to 80%. Similarly, expression of Qa-1, the mouse homologue of HLA-E, on tumor cells also increased after therapeutic vaccination. As a proof of concept that the NKG2A - Qa-1 axis limits the efficacy of immunotherapy, NKG2A blocking antibodies were applied in the TC-1 model together with therapeutic peptide vaccination. Combination treatment with vaccine and NKG2A blockade significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy compared to the vaccine alone, both in terms of survival (P&lt;0.05, median survival 44 vs 31 days) as well as overall response rate, defined as decreased tumor size of more than 30% (93.8% vs 43.8%, respectively). Similar results were obtained in Qa-1-deficient mice, suggesting that Qa-1 on tumor cells is of importance. In conclusion, inhibitory receptor NKG2A is enriched on CD8+ TIL and functions as an immune checkpoint that restrains therapeutic efficacy of a cancer vaccine. Citation Format: Thorbald van Hall, Nadine van Montfoort, Sytse Piersma, Marjolein Sluijter, Marij J. Welters, Pascale André, Nicolai Wagtmann, Sjoerd H. van der Burg. NKG2A checkpoint receptor expression on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells restrains efficacy of immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2999. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2999
The role of calcimimetics in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism (2007)

Calcimimetics reduce serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium, with a leftward shift in the set-point for calcium-regulated PTH secretion. The aim of this publication is to review the data available for calcimimetics in primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is currently the only curative treatment for primary HPT, and recommended for patients with moderate-to-severe disease, as defined by a 2002 National Institute's of Health summary statement. In general, patients with primary HPT not meeting these surgical criteria, as well as those with contraindication or refusal for surgery, are monitored for signs and symptoms of primary HPT. There are currently no non-surgical therapies approved for use in primary HPT, although bisphosphonates are used in some patients, in an effort to control serum calcium levels. Calcimimetics decrease PTH and calcium levels and are a potential alternative for patients contraindicated for PTX, or who have failed previous PTX and have recurrent primary HPT. Secondary HPT develops early in chronic kidney disease and is present virtually in all patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Secondary HPT is a progressive disease and is associated with several systemic complications, including renal osteodystrophy, soft tissue and vascular calcifications, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. In ESRD patients, calcimimetics were shown to simultaneously reduce PTH, calcium, phosphate and calcium x phosphate product. In addition, observational analyses of use of calcimimetics in the ESRD population have shown a reduction of important clinical outcomes. In renal allograft recipients with tertiary HPT and hypercalcaemia, calcimimetics are a promising treatment option to control the parameters of calcium phosphate metabolism and may be a valid alternative to PTX. Based on its unique mechanism of action, the calcimimetic cinacalcet may play a role in the medical treatment of primary and tertiary forms of HPT, in addition to the registered indication for the treatment of secondary HPT.
Accuracy of vacuum gauges (1990)

The performance characteristics of the following types of vacuum gauges are discussed: quartz Bourdon gauge (QBG), capacitance diaphragm gauge (CDG), thermal conductivity gauge (TCG), quartz friction gauge (QFG), spinning rotor gauge (SRG), cold cathode ionization gauge (CCG), hot filament ionization manometer (IM), quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) and other mass spectrometers. Depending on the pressure, the most stable gauges are the QBG, the CDG, the SRG, and the IM. In applications with modest demands on the measuring accuracy, it may be sufficient to employ an uncalibrated gauge and adopt an average gauge coefficient given by the manufacturer. In cases with higher demands on the accuracy, the calibration of individual gauges may be necessary. The highest demand arises if the gauges are used as transfer standards in intercomparisons of primary pressure standards. Here, the achievable accuracy is limited by the stability of the gauge with time. Gauges based on different operating principles and different constructions show different stabilities. Furthermore, the stability depends on the handling of the gauge. This paper compiles available data on the accuracy performance of the various gauges.
BLUETEC Diesel Technology - Clean, Efficient and Powerful (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel engines have a strong contribution to the CO2 reduction in Europe in the past years. To enable these C02 reduction potential to the US market Mercedes Benz developed the BLUETEC technology for light duty diesel engines.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The BLUETEC technology contains an optimized diesel engine and combustion system, an aftertreatment system with DOC, DPF and an active SCR catalyst with AdBlue Dosing System and an enhanced ECU functionality and calibration.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For fulfilling the world strongest emission limits of the US legislation there have to be solutions developed for the handling of AdBlue under cold climate below -11°C, managing the refilling event, and the onboard diagnostic. To ensure the emission stability over full useful life on high NOx conversions level, intensive testing of the catalyst technology had to be done. In addition there are self learning functionalities for adapting the dosing strategy to ensure the maximum NOx performance.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">With the BLUETEC technology Mercedes-Benz developed a new powertrain that is as clean as a gasoline engine but with the well known torque and efficiency of the diesel engines.</div>
Worldwide glaucoma through the looking glass (2006)

Reflecting on prevalence and a vision of 2020
Measurement of Electrostatic Charge on Solid Particles in Solid-Gas Suspension Flow (1963)

A method for measuring the charge spectrum of particles in a solid-gas suspension flow is described. The probe, fabricated of hypodermic needle, gives minimal disturbance to the flow stream. The charge spectrum is obtained by a pulse counting technique. Typical results are presented for glass particles of 80 μ diameter in air stream flowing at 8 m/sec inside an aluminum channel. The charge distribution follows essentially an exponential law and the average charge per particle has been found to be 1.3×10−14C. Practically all particles carried a measurable charge.
Video-based pedestrian head pose estimation for risk assessment (2012)

Pedestrian detection and action recognition is a demanding field in video-based driver assistance systems. Future systems not only try to detect pedestrians but also aim to predict the pedestrian's intention in order to guaranty the best safety for him/her and other traffic participants. Our contribution to that tendency consists of a method to reliably estimate the pedestrians' head pose in low resolution video sequences taken from an on-board camera. Assuming a pre-detected pedestrian, the head pose is initialized using normalized confidence values from a set of head pose detectors. Integrating the head pose predictions over time using particle-filtering will further result in a higher robustness and efficiency. Experiments on public available datasets (CHIL/CLEAR2007, CAVIAR) and real world scenarios show a performance improvement compared to single image based approaches. The developed method can be integrated easily into an overall system and will serve for a better pedestrian path prediction and intension estimation within risk assessment.
Diphtheria toxin conjugate therapy of cancer. (2002)

The approval by the FDA of ONTAK (DAB389IL2) for CTCL and the encouraging results described above with a number of DT conjugates for different neoplasms suggest that a niche is developing for these biologic agents. Moreover, practicing physicians are becoming more familiar with the side effect profile for these agents, increasing their comfort with using these unique drugs. Finally, the marked synergy observed between standard cytotoxic drugs and other biologics such as Herceptin and Rituximab suggests that similar supra-additive effects may be observed by combining DT conjugates with chemotherapy. In support of this hypothesis, in vitro synergy has been observed between DT388GMCSF and both cytarabine and doxorubicin [84,85]. The future appears to show expanded testing of DT conjugates with likely rapid clinical development, particularly for chemotherapy-resistant hematologic neoplasms and brain tumors.