gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerase-amplified release of ATP (POLARA) for detecting single nucleotide variants in RNA and DNA (2019)

The identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) is increasingly important for diagnosis and treatment of disease. Here we studied the potential use of ATP-releasing nucleotides (ARNs) for identifying SNPs in DNA and RNA targets. Synthesized as derivatives of the four canonical deoxynucleotides, ARNs can be used in the place of deoxynucleoside triphosphates to elongate a primer hybridized to a nucleic acid template, with the leaving group being ATP rather than pyrophosphate. The released ATP is then harnessed in conjunction with luciferase to generate chemiluminescence. Extension on a long target DNA or RNA generates many equivalents of ATP per target strand, providing isothermal amplification of signal. In principle, allele-specific primers could be used in conjunction with ARNs to generate differential luminescence signals with respect to distinct genetic polymorphisms. To test this, varied primer designs, modifications, enzymes and conditions were tested, resulting in an optimized strategy that discriminates between differing nucleic acid templates with single nucleotide resolution. This strategy was then applied to diagnostically relevant alleles resulting in discrimination between known polymorphisms. SNP detection was successfully performed on transcribed mRNA fragments from four different alleles derived from <i>JAK2</i>, <i>BCR-ABL1</i>, <i>BRAF</i>, and <i>HBB</i>. To investigate background interference, wild-type and mutant transcripts of these four alleles were tested and found to be easily distinguishable amid total cellular RNA isolated from human blood. Thus, ARNs have been employed with specialized allele-specific primers to detect diagnostically important SNPs in a novel method that is sensitive, rapid, and isothermal.
Preparation of Various Oxide Films by an Electrophoretic Deposition Method: A Study of the Mechanism (1995)

The electrification mechanism of an oxide particle in a bath was analyzed. The zeta-potentials of various oxide particles in an acetone bath were found to be positive. The data suggested that H + ions are generated in an acetone bath containing a small amount of added I 2 and H 2 O by the keto-enol equilibrium reaction and then adsorbed on the oxide resulting in positively charged particles. The adsorption of H + ions was assumed to be of the type of mono-molecular adsorption. Moreover, the electrodeposition flocculation mechanism for the particle was also investigated. On the basis of a relation of electrophoretic current with depositing time well described by the Cottrell equation, it was suggested that the electrochemical reaction proceeds on the cathode substrate surface and that the rate-determining step arises from the diffusion of H + ions in the deposited film.
Chemical Structure of Cationic Groups in Amphiphilic Polymethacrylates Modulates the Antimicrobial and Hemolytic Activities (2009)

A library of amphiphilic random copolymers containing cationic and hydrophobic side chains were prepared by copolymerization of amine-functionalized methacrylate monomers with various ratios of an alkyl methacrylate. Primary or tertiary amine groups, or quaternary ammonium groups, were utilized as the source of cationic charge in each copolymer series. The antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of these copolymers are reported, enabling a systematic assessment of the effect different amine groups exert on the biological activity of the polymers. It was shown that the copolymer composition of amphiphilic copolymers containing primary or tertiary amine groups can be tuned to achieve potent antimicrobial activity while minimizing red blood cell lysis. On the other hand, the copolymers containing quaternary ammonium groups required a greater amount of hydrophobic comonomer to express activity and showed generally lower selectivity for E. coli versus human red blood cells. Potentiometric titration data revealed the fraction of the primary or tertiary amine groups in the polymers, which are deprotonated (basic) at physiological pH. Measurements of the bactericidal and hemolytic activities in buffers of pH varying from 6 to 8 showed the impact of polymer ionization on biological activity. A decrease in the fraction of amine groups that are cationic, from alpha = 1.0 to 0.7, caused an enhancement of antimicrobial and hemolytic activity. As this value was decreased further to alpha = 0.5, loss of activity was observed. The activities of polymers containing quaternary ammonium groups were shown to be pH-independent.
An Auxiliary Lens for Use with the Concave Grating (1934)

A discussion of the elementary theory of the astigmatism of the concave grating. A spherocylindrical lens placed in front of the plate serves to produce a stigmatic image of the slit and increases the speed of the instrument by about 25×and doubles the dispersion, allowing the full theoretical resolving power to be realized.
Clinical Strategies in Intravascular Gas Exchange (1996)

Specific therapies in the management of acute pulmonary failure remain elusive, with attention being focused instead on novel supportive measures. The benefits of extracorporeal gas exchange support remain uncertain, and the perceived simplicity of intravascular gas exchange has, therefore, attracted much interest. Initial clinical experience with the intravascular oxygenator (IVOX) device confirms its safety and simplicity, but estimated mean gas-transfer values represent only 25% of basal gas-exchange requirements. The inherent limitations of IVOX as an oxygenator are discussed, providing a rationale for considering IVOX as primarily a CO2 removal device. Reappraisal of the clinical place of intravascular gas exchange and the identification of specific applications most likely to yield benefit to patients are suggested. Design modifications enhancing efficacy are anticipated, further strengthening the potential of intravascular gas-exchange devices in selected patients with pulmonary failure.
Fabrication of a Single Metal Nanowire Connected with Dissimilar Metal Electrodes and Its Application to Chemical Sensing (2008)

We report a convenient method for the fabrication of a single metal nanowire connected with dissimilar metal electrodes and its application to chemical sensing. The method is based on a combination of atomic force microscopy nanomachining and conventional photolithography. The success of this integrated approach is confirmed by the linear current-voltage behavior of the created nanowires and comparable resistivities with those reported previously. The chemical sensing capability is demonstrated by the selective binding of a self-assembled monolayer onto a single Au nanowire connected with Ti electrodes and the subsequent resistance increase due to increased surface scattering effects after adsorption. It is found that the resistance increases by around 9% after the complete coverage of either octadecanethiol or dodecanethiol molecules onto a 20 nm thick Au nanowire. A theoretical explanation for the relationship between the resistance increase and the alkanethiol concentration is also given.
Supramolecular polymer assembly in aqueous solution arising from cyclodextrin host–guest complexation (2016)

The employment of cyclodextrin host-guest complexation to construct supramolecular assemblies with an emphasis on polymer networks is reviewed. The main driving force for this supramolecular assembly is host-guest complexation between cyclodextrin hosts and guest groups either of which may be discrete molecular species or substituents on a polymer backbone. The effects of such complexation on properties at the molecular and macroscopic levels are discussed. It is shown that cyclodextrin complexation may be used to design functional polymer materials with tailorable properties, especially for photo-, pH-, thermo- and redox-responsiveness and self-healing.
Isolation and properties of the signal region from ovalbumin (1986)

A tryptic fragment (residues 21-47) containing the signal peptide of ovalbumin has been isolated by reverse-phase chromatography. The peptide is more active at inhibiting the processing of pre-prolactin in an in vitro translation system than fragments of ovalbumin isolated previously, and is similar in properties to synthetic signal peptides. The ovalbumin signal fragment is shown to bind to a protein component of salt-stripped pancreatic microsomal membranes, which is cross-linked under UV irradiation by a radioactive synthetic photoaffinity signal peptide probe to yield a radiolabelled 45 kDa protein.
Estudio del paciente esquizofrénico por medio de una metodología neuropsicológica dinámica (1995)

Recibe el nombre de el enfoque actual dentro de la neuropsicologia que sostiene que la relacion cerebro-conducta debe ser entendida en terminos de su interfase dinamica y no como dimensiones separadas, causalmente relacionadas de manera estatica. La neuropsicologia dinamica intenta comprender y estudiar el proceso de interaccion entre los factores neurologicos, y psicologicos, y los procesos cognoscitivos, considerando tambien el desarrollo del cerebro y el proceso de evolucion del individuo en torno a los procesos de aprendizaje, dentro de un momento socio-historico-cultural. La neuropsicologia dinamica se desarrollo alrededor de los anos 80, a partir de la imperiosa necesidad de tomar en cuenta las variables medioambientales y del entorno, tanto para elaborar tecnicas de evaluacion, como para implementar estrategias de rehabilitacion. El foco de estudio se centra en el analisis de la relacion entre el conocimiento neuropsicologico y las tareas del quehacer cotidiano, que conduce al individuo hacia la adaptacion o desadaptacion dentro de la sociedad. Este enfoque esta fuertemente influenciado por los conceptos y principios metodologicos propios de la psicologia cognoscitiva y experimental, condicion que ha dado lugar a que el estudio de la relacion cerebro-conducta se dirija hacia la busqueda de las alteraciones cognoscitivas subyacentes a los trastornos observados en el comportamiento de los pacientes. La neuropsicologia, como una rama de las neurociencias, se incorpora rapidez a la investigacion en psiquiatria, enfrentando retos metodologicos particulares puesto que su objeto de estudio ha cambiado de la evaluacion y rehabilitacion del con dano o padecimiento neurologico al estudio del paciente psiquiatrico. En la bibliografia neuropsicologica vinculada la psiquiatria hay ya un sinnumero de publicaciones relacionadas la esquizofrenia, padecimiento considerado por muchos como el prototipo de la enfermedad mental. Sin embargo, a pesar de la gran cantidad de informacion generada, todavia no hay modelos de procesamiento de la informacion que permitan comprender, dentro de una teoria neuropsicologica, los trastornos cognoscitivos que subyacen a la incapacidad de estos pacientes para contender las demandas de su entorno. Por otra parte, la aproximacion a la poblacion psiquiatrica demanda aun mas del estudio del entorno: los valores, creencias y tradiciones juegan un papel muy importante en la expresion particular de la psicopatologia y determinan, en gran medida, el pronostico del tratamiento. De esta menera, y tomando en consideracion que desde siempre la neuropsicologia ha sido definida como una ciencia interdisciplinaria, desde un enfoque neuropsicologico dinamico se propone considerar a la antropologia social como una mas de las disciplinas de apoyo a la ciencia neuropsicologica.
Preliminary examination of the efficacy and safety of a standardized chamomile extract for chronic primary insomnia: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot study (2011)

Chamomile could provide modest benefits of daytime functioning and mixed benefits on sleep diary measures relative to placebo in adults with chronic primary insomnia. However, further studies in select insomnia patients would be needed to investigate these conclusions.
Exploring the Impact of Mechanical Pressure on the Performance of Anode-Free Lithium Metal Cells (2019)

In the pursuit of surpassing the energy density of conventional lithium ion cells, significant efforts have been made to develop lithium metal cells. However, many reports in the literature utilize Li-metal cells with significant excess lithium, resulting in a dramatically reduced practical energy density. In contrast, anode-free cells do not utilize excess lithium; instead, a lithium metal anode is formed in-situ from the stored lithium within the positive electrode during the first charge. Here, we evaluate anode-free lithium metal pouch cells (NMC532||Cu) with operando pressure measurements constrained to different stack pressures between 75–2205 kPa with two different electrolytes, 1M LiPF6 FEC:DEC (1:2) and 1M LiPF6 FEC:TFEC (1:2). Increasing the initial average pressure from 75–2200 kPa was found to generally improve cycle life, with the most significant benefits achieved up to 1200 kPa. Cells containing FEC:TFEC electrolyte exhibited a superior initial performance compared to FEC:DEC cells, as evidenced by cycling data and SEM analysis of the lithium morphology. Although generally beneficial, we found that the effect of increased pressure on the performance of cells with different solvent systems was not equal, indicating that the physical properties of electrolyte play an important roll in cells constrained to higher pressures between 1200–2200 kPa.
Aminophenyl‐X‐azolopyridines as precursors of heterocyclic azo dyes (1989)

Abstract Aminophenyl‐X‐azolopyridines (X = O, S, NH) are interesting intermediates for the synthesis of disperse azo dyes and, provided the pyridine nitrogen is quaternized, of their cationic counterparts. A set of novel amines and nitro derivatives is described, and their physical properties and spectral parameters are discussed in comparison with those of analogous compounds. Some dyes in the oxazole series function as probes of the reactivity of the pentatomic ring.
Versatile anycasting with mobile IPv6 (2006)

Anycasting was introduced to facilitate efficient communication between distributed Internet services and their clients, as it allows client requests to be automatically routed to nearby service instances. However, even though several any-cast implementations have been proposed, their various limitations prevent them from being widely adopted by large-scale distributed systems.This paper identifies the key limitations of existing anycast implementations, and proposes how to implement anycast such that all these limitations are addressed without harming the performance of anycast communication. Our solution relies on address-translation capabilities present in modern operating systems. These capabilities have originally been designed for communication with mobile nodes. However, we demonstrate that one can exploit them to implement versatile anycasting at low cost.
Causes and consequences of sympathetic basket formation in dorsal root ganglia (1999)

Injury to peripheral nerves can result in severe and intractable neuropathic pain, and in some cases the symptoms are sympathetically maintained. In recent years much effort has been put into elucidating the anatomical nature of nerve injury-induced sympathetic-sensory coupling. The demonstration of sympathetic sprouting into dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of nerve-injured rats has led to the suggestion that this phenomenon might underlie sympathetically-maintained pain. As a result, several studies have been undertaken to determine what factor or factors are responsible for the sprouting, and for the formation of abnormal sympathetic terminal arborizations or 'baskets' around some DRG neurons. In this review we examine in particular the roles of nerve growth factor (NGF) and the cytokines leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as these have all been shown to contribute to sympathetic sprouting. We also stress the role of satellite cells within axotomized DRG, as these have been shown to express not only neurotrophin mRNA, but also the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75. We propose a mechanism for sympathetic sprouting in the DRG involving; (i) the activation of satellite cells on the DRG by a factor such as LIF or IL-6, and (ii) the generation of a sympathetic axon-guiding gradient by p75-bound neurotrophins on the activated satellite cells. We also highlight the possibility that a sympathetic sprouting signal may be derived from the periphery, as NGF, LIF and IL-6 are all produced as a result of Wallerian degeneration, and can be retrograde transported to the DRG. The possible relevance of sympathetic sprouting in the DRG to neuropathic pain is also discussed.
Architectural Tour Of The Nano World (1998)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTArchitectural Tour Of The Nano WorldParticles, pores, wires, and composite coatings on the nanometer scale provide unusual and useful propertiesRON DAGANIView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1998, 76, 38, 70–71,74,75,76,77Publication Date (Print):September 21, 1998Publication History Published online16 November 2010Published inissue 21 September 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v076n038.p070https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v076n038.p070newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views14Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Nanoclusters,Nanoscale,Nanostructures,Nanowires,Semiconductors Get e-Alerts
Making Single-Mode Preforms by the MCVD Process (1986)

In the last few years, system technology has developed sufficiently to take advantage of the low-loss, high-transmission capability of single-mode fibers. First produced commercially in 1983, single-mode fiber now accounts for over 90 percent of all fiber made at AT&T Network Systems' Atlanta Works. Using the Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition (MCVD) process, glass rods, or preforms, of high-quality doped silica are created from which the fibers are then drawn. These fibers have losses below 0.40 dB/km and 0.22 dB/km at 1.31 μm and 1.55 μm, respectively, and transmission-rate capabilities in the gigabit-per-second range. Excellent concentricity of both the fiber core and outer diameter allows fibers to be joined into long lengths with a minimal additional loss. These characteristics allow single-mode fibers to be used in systems that operate at high bit rates with regenerator spacings of 30 km to 70 km apart.
Studies on the defect which causes absence of decay accelerating factor (DAF) from the peripheral blood cells of an individual with the Inab phenotype (1989)

1. We have studied the peripheral blood cells of an individual with the Inab phenotype who is deficient in decay accelerating factor (DAF). 2. In contrast with the situation in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, membranes from peripheral blood cells of the Inab phenotype individual lack DAF, but retain the other glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins acetylcholinesterase and LFA-3. 3. Unlike normal Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (EBV-LCL), DAF was not expressed on EBV-LCL derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes of the Inab individual. 4. No differences in the DAF gene of normal and Inab phenotype individuals could be detected by Southern blotting studies. 5. EBV-LCL derived from the Inab individual had a gross reduction in the level of DAF mRNA compared with normal EBV-LCL. 6. Our results suggest that the DAF gene in the Inab phenotype contains a mutation which affects the transcription or processing of DAF mRNA.
DYNAMICS HOLDS THE KEY TO WHOLE LIFE COSTS (1993)

As railways strive to cut track maintenance costs, research into the dynamic behavior of track will yield important dividends. Ballastless trackforms will be further developed.
Authentication Methods for LDAP (2000)

This document specifies particular combinations of security mechanisms which are required and recommended in LDAP [1] implementations.
Thermo-mechanical characterization of surface-micromachined microheaters using in-line digital holography (2009)

This paper describes the application of lensless in-line digital holographic microscopy (DHM) to carry out thermo-mechanical characterization of microheaters fabricated through PolyMUMPs three-layer polysilicon surface micromachining process and subjected to a high thermal load. The mechanical deformation of the microheaters on the electrothermal excitation due to thermal stress is analyzed. The numerically reconstructed holographic images of the microheaters clearly indicate the regions under high stress. A double-exposure method has been used to obtain the quantitative measurements of the deformations, from the phase analysis of the hologram fringes. The measured deformations correlate well with the theoretical values predicted by a thermo-mechanical analytical model. The results show that lensless in-line DHM with Fourier analysis is an effective method for evaluating the thermo-mechanical characteristics of MEMS components.
Learning Robust Features using Deep Learning for Automatic Seizure Detection (2016)

We present and evaluate the capacity of a deep neural network to learn robust features from EEG to automatically detect seizures. This is a challenging problem because seizure manifestations on EEG are extremely variable both inter- and intra-patient. By simultaneously capturing spectral, temporal and spatial information our recurrent convolutional neural network learns a general spatially invariant representation of a seizure. The proposed approach exceeds significantly previous results obtained on cross-patient classifiers both in terms of sensitivity and false positive rate. Furthermore, our model proves to be robust to missing channel and variable electrode montage.
Day-care centre and nursery school in Milano: a low energy design in temperate climate (2009)

A new 120 children nursery school in Milan was designed as a prototype building with an extremely low energy consumption and the possibility to change its layout over the years.\nThe site is characterised by cold winters, hot summers and long shoulder seasons. This prompted the research and design team of Politecnico di Milano to consider this school as exemplary for similar interventions in temperate climates.\nThe main design goal, from the point of view of energy efficiency, was to extend as far as possible the period of the year when the building provides indoor comfort without the use of additional energy.\nVery good results were obtained through the orientation and morphology of the school – with classrooms facing south – and through a very close integration between the building fabric and the mechanical systems. The envelope is thermally very efficient in both its opaque and transparent parts, allowing for heat conservation in winter, while effective shading and the enhancement of natural ventilation through solar chimneys will provide comfort for most of the warm season. Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery will be combined with an underfloor radiant system fed by a groundwater heat pump.\nThe school is now under construction.