gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assembly Pathways and the Growth of Massive Early-Type Galaxies (2017)

Based on data from the SAGES Legacy Unifying Globulars and GalaxieS (SLUGGS) survey, I present results on the assembly pathways, dark matter content and halo growth of massive early-type galaxies. Using galaxy starlight information we find that such galaxies had an early dissipative phase followed by a second phase of halo growth from largely minor mergers (and in rare cases major mergers). Thus our result fits in well with the two-phase scenario of galaxy formation. We also used globular cluster radial velocities to measure the enclosed mass within 5 effective radii. The resulting dark matter fractions reveal a few galaxies with very low dark matter fractions that are not captured in the latest cosmological models. Multiple solutions are possible, but none yet is convincing. Translating dark matter fractions into epochs of halo assembly, we show that low mass galaxies tend to grow via gas-rich accretion, while high mass galaxies grow via gas-poor mergers.
LTE-Advanced Multi-User MIMO: Improved Feedback and Precoding Design (2012)

This paper considers feedback and precoding design for multi-user MIMO in long term evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced systems. We show that LTE precoders are characterized by a diversity loss, mainly attributed to their characteristic of equal gain transmission (EGT). We therefore propose a precoding design based on marginal increase of feedback and show that the performance of multi-user MIMO comes quite close to the lower bound. We claim that the proposed codebook structure is not only restricted to the framework of LTE and LTE-Advanced, but also applicable as a fundamental design guidance for the ongoing standardizations of modern wireless systems.
Spectral–Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Imagery Based on Partitional Clustering Techniques (2009)

A new spectral-spatial classification scheme for hyperspectral images is proposed. The method combines the results of a pixel wise support vector machine classification and the segmentation map obtained by partitional clustering using majority voting. The ISODATA algorithm and Gaussian mixture resolving techniques are used for image clustering. Experimental results are presented for two hyperspectral airborne images. The developed classification scheme improves the classification accuracies and provides classification maps with more homogeneous regions, when compared to pixel wise classification. The proposed method performs particularly well for classification of images with large spatial structures and when different classes have dissimilar spectral responses and a comparable number of pixels.
Oxidative radical cyclization to pyrroles under reducing conditions. Reductive desulfonylation of α-sulfonylpyrroles with tri-<i>n</i>-butyltin hydride (1994)

1-(2-Bromobenzyl)-2-alkanesulfonylpyrroles (1c, 1d) and 1-(4-bromobutyl)-2-methylsulfonfylpyrrols (8) undergo oxidative radical cyclization with partial or complete reductive desulfonylation to the pyrrolizidine derivatives 5 and 9 by an AIBN initiated reaction with tri-n-butyltin hydride. These cyclizations are suggested to proceed via a pseudo S RN 1 process involving radical addition to the α position of the pyrrole nucleus not bearing the sulfonyl group. Reductive removal of the alkylsulfonyl moiety is proposed to occur in a second process after completion of the oxidative radical cyclization. The site of the radical addition is supported by deuterium labelling studies. Consistent with the timing of the loss of the sulonyl group is that 2-alkysulfonylpyrroles 11 are reductively desulfonylated under the same conditions that effect the oxidative radical cyclizations.
Particular Electromagnetic Field Computation for Permanent Magnet Generator Wind Turbine Analysis (2010)

Precise permanent magnet generator modeling requires a complex electromagnetic field analysis in order to account for rotor eccentricity and end-zone leakage field. The paper presents a particular technique that enables considering such phenomena through convenient 2-D and 3-D finite element models and incorporate electromotive force distributions including space harmonics in real time control systems. The proposed methodology has been validated by measurements on a permanent magnet wind generator prototype.
Syntheses of Furan Derivatives. IX (1953)

Attempts were made to introduce the nitro group into the 5-position of some furan derivatives possessing a substituent in the 2-position of the furan nucleus by the application of acetic anhydride and conc. nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.44), in order to determine optimum conditions of reaction and suitable catalyst. Furfural diacetate (I), ethyl furoate (II), furfuryl acetate (III), and furylacrylic acid (IV) were the furan derivatives used, and conc. sulfuric acid, stannous chloride, orthophosphoric acid, boric acid, phosphorus pentoxide, oxalic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid, were selected for the catalyst. (I) formed 2-(5-nitro)-furfural diacetate in 73% yield from a mixture of (I): HNO3:Ac2O in weight ratio of 1:1.5:5.3, and in 78% yield when conc. sulfuric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid were used as the catalyst. When orthophosphoric acid was used as the catalyst, (II) gave ethyl 2-(5-nitro)-furoate in 72% yield, (III) gave 2-(5-nitro)-furfuryl acetate in 78% yield, and (IV) gave 2-(5-nitro)-furylacrylic acid in 58% yield.
Kinetic study of the living cationic polymerization of isobutylene using <i>t</i>‐Bu‐<i>m</i>‐DCC/TICL<sub>4</sub>/2,4‐dimethylpyridine initiating system (1995)

Abstract Kinetics of the living cationic polymerization of isobutylene, initiated by the system t ‐bu‐ m ‐DCC/TiCl 4 /2,4‐dimethylpyridine (2,4‐DMP), were studied as a function of concentration of the various components of the initiation system, solvent polarity, and presence of the protic acid scavenger, 2,6‐di‐ tert ‐butylpyridine (DTBP). Under a variety of conditions, the effective number of growing chains in a given polymerization remained constant and Mn increased linearly with monomer conversion. The system was found to yield an essentially homogeneous reaction mixture in hexanes/methyl chloride cosolvents, with only a small amount of precipitate, probably 2,4‐dimethylpyridinium salts resulting from proton scavenging by the tertiary amine. It was found that increasing [TiCl 4 ] strongly increased the rate while increasing [2,4‐DMP] weakly decreased the rate. Evidence of a retardation of the polymerization rate by the soluble TiCl 4 :2,4‐DMP complex was observed. The addition of DTBP as a protic acid scavenger, with or without 2,4‐DMP, very weakly decreased the rate of polymerization. Increasing the fraction of methyl chloride in the solvent mixture caused an increase in the rate of polymerization. All of the results were consistent with a propagation mechanism in which an equilibrium exists between dormant and ionized, active chain ends.
Response of mink, skunk, red fox and raccoon to inoculation with mink virus enteritis, feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus and prevalence of antibody to parvovirus in wild carnivores in Ontario. (1983)

Mink virus enteritis, feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus-2 were inoculated separately into groups of raccoon, mink, red fox and striped skunk. Raccoons were highly susceptible to mink virus enteritis and feline panleukopenia, with animals developing clinical illness, and several dying within six to ten days of inoculation with lesions typical of parvovirus infection. Both viruses were shed in high titre in the feces of infected raccoons, and high antibody titres were stimulated. Raccoons inoculated with canine parvovirus-2 showed no signs; shedding of virus was sporadic though moderate titres of antibody developed. Mink inoculated with mink virus enteritis and feline panleukopenia developed signs and lesions of early parvovirus infection. No signs or significant lesions followed canine parvovirus-2 inoculation. Shedding of virus was heavy (mink virus enteritis) or sporadic (feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus-2), though good serological responses were elicited to all three viruses. Red fox showed no signs of infection, shed all three viruses only sporadically, and the serological response was strong only to feline panleukopenia. Skunks developed low antibody titres, but no signs, and did not shed virus. Antibody to parvovirus was found in 79.2% of 144 wild red foxes; 22.3% of 112 wild raccoons; 1.3% of 157 wild skunks and 6/7 coyotes in southern Ontario. The likely significance of these viruses to wild and captive individuals and populations of these carnivores is discussed.
Aluminum Oxide Crystal Microdermabrasion (1995)

From our experience and results, we think aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion is a safe surgical procedure and will be a good supplement to traditional dermabrasion especially in this era of HIV infection.
Corrective Procedures for Penile Shortening Due to Peyronie's Disease (1995)

Peyronie's disease is a poorly understood scarring condition of the tunica albuginea that often causes pain and deformity of the penis. When Peyronie's disease is present predominantly unilaterally, bending of the penis to 1 side occurs. With bilateral or circumferential disease the tunica albuginea does not expand, and penile shortening and/or narrowing occurs. We performed unilateral or bilateral penile lengthening procedures on 22 patients with penile shortening due to Peyronie's disease who refused a procedure, such as tucks or the Nesbit operation, that might result in further penile shortening. Five men underwent incision of the plaque and dermal patch without implantation of a penile prosthesis, while 8 underwent penile implantation plus incisions in the tunica albuginea without patches, and 5 underwent circumferential incision of the tunica albuginea and its septum with patching and placement of a penile implant. (Average length gain with circumferential incision was 1.5 inches with this procedure.) There were 18 patients available for followup: 1 had penile skin slough secondary to a compression dressing, 2 required removal of the implant and replacement at a later date, and 2 had progressive penile shortening after dermal patch requiring subsequent prosthesis implantation. Penile lengthening procedures to correct functionally significant penile shortening can be performed successfully, although significant complications were experienced.
Conceptualizing a corporate environmentalism model (1995)

Abstract Environmental legislation now looms large in the backdrop of corporate strategy. However, there is still little theoretical work on corporate environmentalism. A conceptual model of corporate environmentalism is proposed here, stressing the effect of information on managerial enthusiasm in responding to the green challenge and on the formalization of strategies and structures to reflect that response. Suggestions on operationalization are advanced and research implications discussed.
El arte pictórico de Charles R. Knight (1996)

<i>MOV10</i> and <i>MOV10L1</i> both encode ATP-dependent RNA helicases. In mammals, MOV10 and MOV10L1 participate in various kinds of biological contexts, such as defense of RNA virus invasion, neuron system, germ cell and early development. However, <i>mov10</i> and <i>mov10l1</i> in zebrafish are obscure and the evolutionary relationships of <i>mov10</i> among different species remain unclear. In this study, we found MOV10 and MOV10L1 had some variations despite they possessed the conserved feature of RNA helicase, however, they may originate from a single ancestor although they shared limited homology. A single <i>MOV10L1</i> gene existed among all species, while <i>MOV10</i> gene experienced lineage-specific intra-chromosomal gene duplication in several species. Interestingly, the <i>mov10</i> gene expanded to three in zebrafish, which originating from a duplication by whole genome specific duplication of teleost lineage followed by a specific intra-chromosome tandem duplication. The <i>mov10</i> and <i>mov10l1</i> showed distinct expression profiles in early stages, however, in adult zebrafish, three <i>mov10</i> genes exhibited similar diverse expression patterns in almost all tissues. We also demonstrated <i>mov10</i> genes were upregulated upon virus challenge, highlighting they had redundant conserved roles in virus infection. These results provide valuable data for the evolution of <i>MOV10</i> and <i>MOV10L1</i> and they are important to the further functional exploration.
Mechanisms of increased sensitivity for detection of thyroid stimulating antibodies by use of hypotonic medium (1989)

We have attempted to clarify the mechanism whereby the sensitivity to detect thyroid stimulating antibodies by use of cultured thyroid cells is enhanced when sodium chloride is removed from isotonic medium. Preexposure of cultured porcine thyroid cells to 10(-4) mol/l cycloheximide increased the subsequent cAMP response to TSab stimulation in isotonic NaCl medium, but not in hypotonic NaCl-free medium. Crude membrane fractions from porcine thyroid tissues were incubated with 6 Graves' IgGs in NaCl or NaCl-free medium at 37 degrees C for 1 h, centrifuged, washed, added [125I]TSH, and incubated for another hour. The result of the 'residual TBII assay' indicated that all 6 IgGs exhibited greater inhibition of [125I]TSH binding to the membranes when pre-incubated under hypotonic than isotonic conditions. When cultured porcine thyroid cells were incubated with 7 TSab samples in NaCl or NaCl-free medium depleted with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine at 37 degrees C for 1 h, washed, added the NaCl-free medium containing 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and incubated for another 2 h, the use of NaCl-free medium during the pre-incubation resulted in greater increase in cAMP elicited by all 7 samples. In summary, 1) an inhibitory mechanism upon adenylate cyclase seems to be involved under isotonic conditions and may require new protein synthesis; 2) the binding of TSH receptor antibodies to the TSH receptor increases when NaCl is removed from isotonic medium, and 3) these factors are considered responsible for the enhanced sensitivity under hypotonic conditions.
RankIE (2009)

Developer communities built around software products, like the SAP Community Network, provide a knowledge base for reocurring problems and their solutions. Due to the large amount of content maintained in such communities, e.g., in forums, finding relevant solutions is a major challenge beyond the scope of common keyword-based search engines. In fact, it is measured that around 50% of the forum questions of our particular scenario have already been answered at the time they are posted. We target this challenge by an entity aware search, which exploits structured knowledge, such as domain-specific ontologies, for both query interpretation and creation of document indexes. The system takes a natural language query as input, interprets it as an entity graph, matches this graph with pre-processed content and supports the user in refining his query based on the top-k relevant entities. Results are presented in a user interface that supports faceted search based on entities. Additionally, the user interface is structured according to possible search intentions of users. The evaluation of our system on the SCN scenario yields that the top 5 entities in user queries are recognized with a precision of 83% compared to 61% of state of the art algorithms.
Tree-structured nonlinear filters in digital mammography (1994)

A new class of nonlinear filters with more robust characteristics for noise suppression and detail preservation is proposed for processing digital mammographic images. The new algorithm consists of two major filtering blocks: (a) a multistage tree-structured filter for image enhancement that uses central weighted median filters as basic sub-filtering blocks and (b) a dispersion edge detector. The design of the algorithm also included the use of linear and curved windows to determine whether variable shape windowing could improve detail preservation. First, the noise-suppressing properties of the tree-structured filter were compared to single filters, namely the median and the central weighted median with conventional square and variable shape adaptive windows; simulated images were used for this purpose. Second, the edge detection properties of the tree-structured filter cascaded with the dispersion edge detector were compared to the performance of the dispersion edge detector alone, the Sobel operator, and the single median filter cascaded with the dispersion edge detector. Selected mammographic images with representative biopsy-proven malignancies were processed with all methods and the results were visually evaluated by an expert mammographer. In all applications, the proposed filter suggested better detail preservation, noise suppression, and edge detection than all other approaches and it may prove to be a useful tool for computer-assisted diagnosis in digital mammography.
Nephritogenic glycoprotein. I. Proliferative glomerulonephritis induced in rats by a single injection of the soluble glycoprotein isolated from homologous glomerular basement membrane. (1971)

Rats that were given a single injection in the hind footpads of homologous (watersoluble) renal glycoprotein and Freund9s complete (or incomplete) adjuvant developed typical proliferative glomerulonephritis. Proteinuria and morphologic changes of glomerulonephritis continued until death of the animals (the longest period of observation was 12.5 months after injection). The glycoprotein was isolated and purified from rat glomerular basement membrane and had previously been reported from our laboratory to induce nephrotoxic antibody. Immunization of rats with as little as 5 µg of the glycoprotein in Freund9s complete adjuvant effectively induced typical proliferative glomerulonephritis. The nephritis could be transferred to previously healthy recipients with the eluate obtained from nephritic kidneys.
A human monoclonal antibody with the capacity to neutralize Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin (1994)

A human monoclonal antibody, CB STL-1, against staphylococcal alpha-toxin has been established by hybridoma technology. It is of IgG1 subclass with lambda light chain and possesses a dissociation constant of 8 x 10(-10) mol/l. 1 mg of purified antibody neutralizes the hemolytic activity of 800 micrograms/ml alpha-toxin in an in vitro hemolysis assay using rabbit erythrocytes. The antibody does not bind to overlapping (7 residues) decapeptides spanning the sequence of alpha toxin, thus it might bind to a conformational epitope. The epitope recognized by the antibody is not accessible in oligomeric toxin. The antibody binds both to the hydrophilic and amphipathic forms of the monomeric toxin Fab fragments of the antibody are stable and show no significant loss of activity. CB STL-1 was able to protect mice in vivo from i.p. challenge with alpha toxin. Thus, the antibody is a candidate for passive immunotherapy. The variable regions of the antibody secreted by CB STL-1 were sequenced and found to be encoded by a VH gene segment belonging to the VH1 family, and a Vlambda segment most likely belonging to the VlambdaIII subgroup. Further analysis concerning the third complementarity determining region (CDR3) of the heavy chain is presented.
<title>Time-Integrating Optical Correlator</title> (1980)

A time-integrating optical correlator was designed and built to detect the presence and relative delay of a digital signal buried in both synchronous and random noise. The system accepts a digital reference signal at data rates from 1 Mb/s to 100 Mb/s and cross correlates this with an analog signal of up to 200 MHz bandwidth. The output correlation covers a relative delay of 1 microsecond with a resolution of 3 ns. The correlation is performed in an optical subsystem employing two acousto-optic Bragg cells. Integration time can be varied from 2 ms to several minutes. Preprocessing of the incoming data, combined with digital postprocessing of the output from the optical subsystem results in correlation gains of over 50 dB. Greater data rates, delay range and bandwidths can be readily achieved
Nano-acoustic resonator with ultralong phonon lifetime (2020)

The energy damping time in a mechanical resonator is critical to many precision metrology applications, such as timekeeping and force measurements. We present measurements of the phonon lifetime of a microwave-frequency, nanoscale silicon acoustic cavity incorporating a phononic bandgap acoustic shield. Using pulsed laser light to excite a colocalized optical mode of the cavity, we measured the internal acoustic modes with single-phonon sensitivity down to millikelvin temperatures, yielding a phonon lifetime of up to [Formula: see text] seconds (quality factor [Formula: see text]) and a coherence time of [Formula: see text] microseconds for bandgap-shielded cavities. These acoustically engineered nanoscale structures provide a window into the material origins of quantum noise and have potential applications ranging from tests of various collapse models of quantum mechanics to miniature quantum memory elements in hybrid superconducting quantum circuits.
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and congenital susceptibility to Candida (2010)

The susceptibility to recurrent Candida infections can be a monogenetic Mendelian trait. The sensing of Candida cell wall components and the consecutive intracellular signalling in myeloid cells via CARD9, but also the role of Th17 cells and their cytokines take centre stage in the human host defence against Candida.
Systems level studies of mammalian metabolomes: the roles of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2010)

The study of biological systems in a holistic manner (systems biology) is increasingly being viewed as a necessity to provide qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the emergent properties of the complete system. Systems biology performs studies focussed on the complex interactions of system components; emphasising the whole system rather than the individual parts. Many perturbations to mammalian systems (diet, disease, drugs) are multi-factorial and the study of small parts of the system is insufficient to understand the complete phenotypic changes induced. Metabolomics is one functional level tool being employed to investigate the complex interactions of metabolites with other metabolites (metabolism) but also the regulatory role metabolites provide through interaction with genes, transcripts and proteins (e.g. allosteric regulation). Technological developments are the driving force behind advances in scientific knowledge. Recent advances in the two analytical platforms of mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have driven forward the discipline of metabolomics. In this critical review, an introduction to metabolites, metabolomes, metabolomics and the role of MS and NMR spectroscopy will be provided. The applications of metabolomics in mammalian systems biology for the study of the health-disease continuum, drug efficacy and toxicity and dietary effects on mammalian health will be reviewed. The current limitations and future goals of metabolomics in systems biology will also be discussed (374 references).
Inhibition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Growth by the Extract of Symphytum officinale L. and the Possible Mechanisms for this Inhibition (1997)

A crude extract of Symphytum officinale L.(comfrey) was examined for its ability to inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and expression of the insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ) gene. The DNA synthesis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, Hep G2, Hep 3B, and PLC/PRF/5 was inhibited by a crude extract of Symphytum officinale in both a time- and a dose-dependent manners. This plant extract also inhibited expression of the IGF-Ⅱ gene. Since IGF-Ⅱ exerts a mitogenic effect on Hep G2 cells, these results suggest that the growth inhibition by Symphytum officinale extract is, in part, mediated through the inhibition of IGF-Ⅱ gene expression.