gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feeding Studies in Rats with Mineral Hydrocarbon Food Grade White Oils (1992)

This investigation compared the effects of feeding rats diets containing food grade white oil processed by either conventional oleum treatment or the more modern method of catalytic hydrogenation. In two separate experiments, male or female Fischer-344 rats were given free access for 90 days to diets containing 0, 10, 100, 500, 5,000, 10,000, or 20,000 ppm of either oleum-treated white oil (OTWO) or hydrotreated white oil (HTWO). There were no mortalities and no adverse clinical signs associated with feeding either white oil. Treatment-related effects evidenced by hematological, clinical chemical, and pathological changes were generally dose-related and more marked in female than in male rats, and the OTWO caused a greater pathological response than the HTWO. Tissue residues of saturated hydrocarbons were up to 5.2 times higher in female rats than in males. Rats fed 5,000 ppm or more of either white oil showed dose-related alterations in several hematological and clinical chemistry variates associated mainly with hepatic damage or functional alteration. At necropsy, mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged, and increases in weight of liver, kidney, and spleen were significant. Microscopic changes were characterized by multifocal lipogranulomata in mesenteric lymph node and liver. No changes were observed in rats fed OTWO or HTWO for 90 days at dietary concentrations of 10 or 100 ppm, equivalent to a minimum intake of 0.65 and 6.4 mg/kg/day, respectively. Differences in degree of pathological response associated with each oil may have been due to their differences in specification rather than processing method.
Improvement of functionality of barley protein by deamidation (2011)

In this study, the deamidation is involved to modify the structure of barley proteins in terms of prolamin and glutelin in order to improve the functional properties of protein. A wide range of deamidation degrees (0.1% to 45%) were prepared using alkaline method. The results suggested that the optimal deamidation degree of barley prolamin is around 2.4-4.7%, where the solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties of prolamin were significantly improved at both acidic and neutral pHs. The optimal deamidation degree for glutelin is around 2.2 to 5.6%, where deamidated glutelin demonstrated markedly improved solubility at both acidic and neutral pHs. Glutelin performed strong tendency to form aggregates with spherical shape and very large molecular weight. These aggregates are important in stabilizing the emulsions at a broad range of deamidation degree (5.6-43%). These results suggest that barley protein would be an excellent candidate to develop as an emulsifying and foaming ingredient.
Quality of life compared during pharmacological treatments and clinical monitoring for non‐localized prostate cancer: a randomized controlled trial (2004)

In deciding the timing of androgen suppression therapy for prostate cancer, consideration should be given to potential adverse effects on quality of life and cognitive function.
Collagen Cross-linking and Ultimate Tensile Strength in Dentin (2004)

Several studies have indicated differences in bond strength of dental materials to crown and root dentin. To investigate the potential differences in matrix properties between these locations, we analyzed upper root and crown dentin in human third molars for ultimate tensile strength and collagen biochemistry. In both locations, tensile strength tested perpendicular to the direction of dentinal tubules (undemineralized crown = 140.4 +/- 48.6/root = 95.9 +/- 26.1; demineralized crown = 16.6 +/- 6.3/root = 29.0 +/- 12.4) was greater than that tested parallel to the tubular direction (undemineralized crown = 73.1 +/- 21.2/root = 63.2 +/- 22.6; demineralized crown = 9.0 +/- 3.9/root = 16.2 +/- 8.0). The demineralized specimens showed significantly greater tensile strength in root than in crown. Although the collagen content was comparable in both locations, two major collagen cross-links, dehydrodihydroxylysinonorleucine/its ketoamine and pyridinoline, were significantly higher in the root (by ~ 30 and ~ 55%, respectively) when compared with those in the crown. These results indicate that the profile of collagen cross-linking varies as a function of anatomical location in dentin and that the difference may partly explain the site-specific tensile strength.
The Potential Use of Satellites in Hyperbolic Position Finding (1966)

Several configurations of hyperbolic position fixing systems using synchronous satellites are formulated and examined. The Loran-like networks of spherical hyperbolas on the earth that result from these configurations are shown, from which the coverage area and crossing angles of the lines of position are easily visualized. The propagation of errors in both the pure satellite system and the satellite-ground station hybrids is then described analytically by a single set of position error equations. Major problems in implementing these system concepts are anticipated and possible ways of solving them are suggested. The variability and accuracy with which the system parameters will be known to various classes of users are estimated, and these are combined in the error analysis to give an indication of the fix accuracy which can be expected. Numerical results of the Drms error statistic are tabulated.
Low-Cost Traffic Analysis of Tor (2005)

Tor is the second generation onion router supporting the anonymous transport of TCP streams over the Internet. Its low latency makes it very suitable for common tasks, such as Web browsing, but insecure against traffic-analysis attacks by a global passive adversary. We present new traffic-analysis techniques that allow adversaries with only a partial view of the network to infer which nodes are being used to relay the anonymous streams and therefore greatly reduce the anonymity provided by Tor. Furthermore, we show that otherwise unrelated streams can be linked back to the same initiator Our attack is feasible for the adversary anticipated by the Tor designers. Our theoretical attacks are backed up by experiments performed on the deployed, albeit experimental, Tor network. Our techniques should also be applicable to any low latency anonymous network. These attacks highlight the relationship between the field of traffic-analysis and more traditional computer security issues, such as covert channel analysis. Our research also highlights that the inability to directly observe network links does not prevent an attacker from performing traffic-analysis: the adversary can use the anonymising network as an oracle to infer the traffic load on remote nodes in order to perform traffic-analysis.
Glycosylated hemoglobin measured by affinity chromatography: micro-sample collection and room-temperature storage. (1983)

Under proper conditions, whole blood can be stored at room temperature for as long as 21 days before measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin by affinity chromatography. Whole blood (anticoagulated with EDTA or heparin) was placed in capillary tubes, which were then sealed at both ends and stored at room temperature. Just before assay, whole blood was rinsed from the tubes and diluted 10-fold with water. Samples of each patient's blood were assayed as whole-blood hemolysates by affinity chromatography after zero, seven, 14, and 21 days of storage. Values for glycosylated hemoglobin did not change over 21 days of storage and values for each storage day correlated well (r = 0.97, p less than .0001) with hemoglobin A1C measured in fresh erythrocyte hemolysates by "high-performance" liquid ion-exchange chromatography.
Beyond the PDP-11 (2015)

We propose a new memory-safe interpretation of the C abstract machine that provides stronger protection to benefit security and debugging. Despite ambiguities in the specification intended to provide implementation flexibility, contemporary implementations of C have converged on a memory model similar to the PDP-11, the original target for C. This model lacks support for memory safety despite well-documented impacts on security and reliability.
Basic Marketing: A Global-managerial Approach (1992)

Marketing's role in the global economy marketing's role within the firm or non-profit organization focusing marketing strategy with segmentation and positioning evaluating opportunities in the changing marketing environment demographic dimensions of global consumer markets behaviourial dimensions of the consumer market business and organizational customer and their buying behaviour improving decisions with marketing information elements of product planning for goods and services product management and new-product development, place and development of channel systems distribution customer service and logistics retailers, wholesalers, and their strategy planning promotion-introduction to integrated marketing communications personal selling advertising and sales promotion pricing objectives and policies price setting in the business world developing innovative marketing plans implementing and controlling marketing plans - evolution and revolution managing marketing's link with other functional areas ethical marketing in consumer-oriented societies - appraisal and challenges.
Mitogen-actived protein kinase activation is an early event in melanoma progression. (2002)

Our findings implicate MAPK activation as an early event in melanoma progression, and MAPK may be a potential target for pharmacologic intervention.
The analysis of the correlation between extracellular fetal DNA concentration in maternal circulation and severity of preeclampsia. (2007)

1. Significant increase of fetal DNA concentration in preeclamptic women plasma is associated with severe course of preeclampsia and especially with fetal distress symptoms. 2. The evaluation of number of fetal DNA copies in pregnant women plasma is characterized by high sensitivity but low specificity of this test in regards to preeclampsia with complications such as HELLP syndrome and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).
A New Sine-Squared Pulse and Bar Shaping Network (1970)

The Fourier method for time domain synthesis is applied to find the transfer functions of five-, seven-, and nine-pole networks that have an impulse response approximating a sine-squared pulse to an increasing degree of accuracy. Results are compared to a seven-pole Thomson network. Where the departures of the impulse response from the sine-squared curve reach 2 percent of the peak amplitude in a seven-pole Thomson network, the new seven-pole network does not exceed 1.3 percent, whereas the nine-pole network is within 0.7 percent. Practical networks are synthesized from the transfer functions, both of the single-and double-terminated ated type.
A Two-Cavity Long-Base Mode Meteorological Range Meter (1964)

A meteorological range measuring device in use at Barrow, Alaska, utilizing two dark cavities is described and sample data is presented. From the two values of range which can be computed from the equation, υ = x ln 50/ln[Bh/(Bh − Bx)], an approximate relation is developed for a corrected range having the form 1/υc = K1/υ1 − K2/υ2. A concept of measuring error as instrumental scattering of horizon and background light by a constant factor, ∊, is developed and is shown to be determinable from υ1 and υ2 by a relation of the form, ∊ = a1K2(1/υ1 − 1/υ2). The statistical properties of ∊ are examined from actual data and the possibilities of a single cavity system with a known ∊ are discussed.
High-contrast OLEDs (2005)

This paper focuses on the development of high contrast organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). High contrast OLED can be fabricated using a gradient refractive index anode to reduce reflectance of the ambient light from the device. The gradient refractive index anode can be fabricated using ITO or a combination of other materials.
Access to Molecular Diversity in Glycosaminoglycans: Combinatorial Synthesis of Eight Chondroitin Sulfate Disaccharides (1999)

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), linear sulfated oligosaccharides, are involved in numerous biological events ranging from tissue structure to protein activity regulation. The combinatorial nature of their oligosaccharidic framework and sulfatation pattern (sulfoforms) prompted us to develop a combinatorial approach toward the synthesis of GAG fragments. Using a liquid-phase split and pool protocol, the eight basic chondroitin sulfate (CS) disaccharides have been prepared from a key CS disaccharide scaffold bearing orthogonal protecting groups. This approach saves 25 steps compared to a multi-parallel synthesis. We chose to prepare restricted libraries, but with a high structural confidence. Each step was followed by HPLC, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS analyses to ascertain the number and structures of the library members. The combinatorial protocol involves sulfatation/group manipulation sequences which rely on the fact that, although previously reported to be labile groups, sulfate esters withstand many classical reactions used in molecular glycochemistry. Thus, we used sulfate groups as efficient hydroxyl protecting groups in a combinatorial glucosyl to glucuronyl oxidation sequence involving a Swern oxidation, followed by direct conversion of the aldehyde to the methyl ester. Split and pool methodology is thus shown to be a powerful tool in gaining access to molecular diversity in GAGs and in the preparation of sulfoforms of a given oligosaccharide.
A shielding-based decoupling technique for coil array design (2004)

A new decoupling technique which takes advantage of shielding for coil array design is proposed. A ground plane is used to reduce mutual inductance by\nreducing the effective coupling loop area of circuits; in addition, a "screen track" is placed between adjacent coils to minimize magnetic interferences. This\ntechnique requires no modification of circuit and doesnít cause loss of flexibility of coil geometry. Simulation and experiments show that a ground plane\nbeneath surface coils can reduce mutual coupling by 10-20dB, and a "screen track" can further provide a 2-8dB more isolation.
The design and operation of charge-coupled image sensors (1973)

A 45 × 60 element charge-coupled sensor incorporating an on-chip output amplifier and special signal-processing electrodes has been evaluated. Video recycling and optional summing of adjacent elements make possible useful new modes of operation.
Plasmalogen deficiency in early Alzheimer's disease subjects and in animal models: molecular characterization using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2001)

To explore the hypothesis that alterations in ethanolamine plasmalogen may be directly related to the severity of dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we performed a systematic examination of plasmalogen content in cellular membranes of gray and white matter from different regions of human subjects with a spectrum of AD clinical dementia ratings (CDR) using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS). The results demonstrate: (1) a dramatic decrease in plasmalogen content (up to 40 mol% of total plasmalogen) in white matter at a very early stage of AD (i.e. CDR 0.5); (2) a correlation of the deficiency in gray matter plasmalogen content with the AD CDR (i.e. approximately 10 mol% of deficiency at CDR 0.5 (very mild dementia) to approximately 30 mol% of deficiency at CDR 3 (severe dementia); (3) an absence of alterations of plasmalogen content and molecular species in cerebellar gray matter at any CDR despite dramatic alterations of plasmalogen content in cerebellar white matter. Alterations of ethanolamine plasmalogen content in two mouse models of AD, APP(V717F) and APPsw, were also examined by ESI/MS. A plasmalogen deficiency was present (up to 10 mol% of total plasmalogen at the age of 18 months) in cerebral cortices, but was absent in cerebella from both animal models. These results suggest plasmalogen deficiency may play an important role in the AD pathogenesis, particularly in the white matter, and suggest that altered plasmalogen content may contribute to neurodegeneration, synapse loss and synaptic dysfunction in AD.
Binding of fibrin fragments to one-chain and two-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator (1992)

To explore whether fibrin fragments have binding affinity for the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) molecule, the interactions were studied of (DD)E complex and fragments DD, E1, and E3 with one- chain and two-chain t-PA. For this purpose, a solid-phase binding assay was developed using microtiter plates with nitrocellulose filters. It was found that (DD)E complex and fragments DD and E3 retained the t-PA binding function of the parent fibrin molecule, thus demonstrating that t-PA binds to both the D and E domains of fibrin. Unexpectedly, fragment E1 did not bind t-PA. Fibrin fragments had different binding properties for one-chain and two-chain t-PA. (DD)E complex had the highest and fragment E3 the lowest affinity for one-chain t-PA, both binding curves being consistent with one class of binding sites. However, binding of the fragments with two-chain t-PA was distinguished by more than one class of binding sites, with fragment E3 having the highest affinity for this form of the activator. epsilon-Aminocaproic acid, even at 50 mmol/L concentration, had only minimal effect on binding of (DD)E complex or fragment DD to either one-chain or two- chain t-PA. The potentiating effect of fibrin fragments on plasminogen activation by t-PA was measured by a chromogenic substrate assay. Fragment DD was the most effective stimulator of plasminogen activation by t-PA. In conclusion, (DD)E complex and fragment DD retained most of the regulatory functions of fibrin, which included t-PA binding and t- PA-mediated acceleration of plasminogen activation to plasmin.
Organogold‐Chemie, VI Darstellung komplexer Organogold‐Verbindungen durch Liganden‐Substitutionsreaktionen (1971)

Abstract Phosphinliganden in Organogold‐Komplexen H 3 CAu←PR 3 können leicht gegen andere Phosphine ausgetauscht werden. Neben monofunktionellen Donatoren kommen dafür auch potentielle Chelatliganden in Frage, wobei aber in keinem Falle die Koordinationszahl 2 am Goldatom überschritten wird. — Die Substitution der Liganden in Komplexen des Typs (CH 3 ) 3 Au←PR 3 verläuft zwar wesentlich langsamer, ist aber prinzipiell ebenfalls möglich. Die Eigenschaften, 1 H‐NMR‐, Massen‐ und IR‐ sowie (in einem Fall) Raman‐Spektren einiger bekannter und neuer Organogold‐Verbindungen werden beschrieben.
The Particle‐In‐Cell Method (2007)

Abstract This paper is the first in a series of three papers to summarize the recent work of an European‐wide collaborationwhich is ongoing since about one decade using Particle‐in‐Cell (PIC) methods in low temperature plasma physics. In the present first paper the main aspects of this computational technique will be presented. In the second paper, an overview of applications in low‐temperature plasma modelling will be given, whereas the third part will put emphasis on the specific results of modelling ion thrusters. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Recent Developments in Ghrelin Receptor Ligands (2007)

The 28-amino acid peptide ghrelin is a neuroendocrine hormone synthesized primarily in the stomach. It stimulates growth hormone secretion and appetite, thus promoting food intake and body-weight gain. The pharmacological properties of this peptide are mediated by the growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a). Given its wide spectrum of biological activities, it is evident that the discovery of ghrelin and its receptor has opened up many perspectives in the fields of neuroendocrine and metabolic research and has had an influence on such fields of internal medicine as gastroenterology, oncology, and cardiology. It is therefore increasingly likely that synthetic, peptidyl, and nonpeptidyl GHS-R1a ligands, acting as agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, or inverse agonists, could have both clinical and therapeutic potential. This review summarizes the various types of GHS-R1a ligands that have been described in the literature and discusses the recent progress made in this research area.
Effects of Convection and Decay of Turbulence on the Wall Pressure Wavenumber-Frequency Spectrum (1997)

Cross-spectral and cross-correlation data from experiments and numerical simulations have shown the turbulent wall pressure convection velocity to vary with the streamwise sensor spatial separation. This variation is due to the spatial decay rates of turbulent structures in the inner and outer regions of the boundary layer. Its effect is shown to have a significant impact on the distribution of energy in the wavenumber-frequency spectrum Φ (k1, ω). The standard Corcos model is known to over predict the wavenumber-frequency spectrum at low wavenumbers. This is shown to result from its constant convection velocity assumption. The spectral levels at sub convective and lower wavenumbers are shown to be directly influenced by the spatial variation in convection velocity. Convection velocity measurements from past investigations that cover the range 285 ≤ Rθ ≤ 29,000 are compared, and an outer variable scaling is shown to effectively collapse the data.
Uromodulin. An immunosuppressive 85-kilodalton glycoprotein isolated from human pregnancy urine is a high affinity ligand for recombinant interleukin 1 alpha. (1986)

Uromodulin is an 85-kDa immunosuppressive glycoprotein originally isolated from human pregnancy urine. It exhibits immunosuppressive activity in vitro at concentrations between 10(-9) and 10(-11) M. Recent data demonstrate that uromodulin is able to specifically inhibit in vitro assays dependent upon interleukin 1 (IL-1). We now present evidence that uromodulin is a high affinity ligand for recombinant murine IL-1 alpha. Since uromodulin has been purified to homogeneity, this should allow extensive further characterization of the mechanism of action of both uromodulin and IL-1.
Review article. Norms, facts, and judgments. A reply to S. L. Paulson (1999)

Review article. Norms, facts, and judgments. A reply to S. L. Paulson Get access C Heidemann C Heidemann Kiel, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Volume 19, Issue 2, SUMMER , Pages 345–350, https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/19.2.345 Published: 01 June 1999
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Is a Negative Regulator of HIV-1 Transcription through Competitive Binding to TAR RNA with Tat·Positive Transcription Elongation Factor b (p-TEFb) Complex (2004)

Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) transcription is regulated by a virus-encoded protein, Tat, which forms a complex with a host cellular factor, positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb). When this complex binds to TAR RNA synthesized from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter element, transcription is trans-activated. In this study we showed that, in host cells, HIV-1 transcription is negatively regulated by competition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) with Tat.P-TEFb for binding to TAR RNA. PARP-1, which has a high affinity for TAR RNA (K(D) = 1.35 x 10(-10) M), binds to the loop region of TAR RNA and displaces Tat or Tat.P-TEFb from the RNA. In vitro transcription assays showed that this displacement leads to suppression of Tat-mediated trans-activation of transcription. Furthermore in vivo expression of luciferase or destabilized enhanced green fluorescent protein genes under the control of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter was suppressed by PARP-1. Thus, these results suggest that PARP-1 acts as a negative regulator of HIV-1 transcription through competitive binding with Tat or the Tat.P-TEFb complex to TAR RNA.