gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pituitary-adrenal function following topical triamcinolone acetonide and occlusion (1965)

This study was undertaken to investigate the possible pituitary-adrenal suppressive effects of triamcinolone acetonide under occlusive dressings in six psoriatic patients. Forty-five grams of a cream containing 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide was applied daily to the psoriatic lesions of four patients and covered with an occlusive dressing. Two patients received daily applications of 45 gm of 0.01% triamcinolone acetonide cream and occlusive dressings. The four patients who received the 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide applications showed a marked decrease in the 24-hour urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and no significant response to intravenous metyrapone testing. The two patients who were treated with 0.01% triamcinolone acetonide also showed a significant decrease in 24-hour urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, but a partial response to metyrapone testing. Percutaneous absorption of as little as 1 to 2 mg of triamcinolone acetonide may affect pituitary-adrenal function.
Adaptive estimation of temporal gait parameters using body-worn gyroscopes (2010)

Body-worn kinematic sensors have been widely proposed for use in portable, low cost, ambulatory monitoring of gait. Such sensor based systems could avoid the need for high-cost laboratory-based methods for measurement of gait. We aimed to evaluate an adaptive gyroscope-based algorithm for automated temporal gait analysis using body-worn wireless gyroscopes. Temporal gait parameters were calculated from initial contact (IC) and terminal contact (TC) points derived from gyroscopes, contained in wireless sensors on the left and right shanks, using a newly developed adaptive algorithm. Gyroscope data from nine healthy adult subjects performing four walks at three different speeds were then compared against data acquired simultaneously using two force-plates. Results show that the mean true error between the adaptive gyroscope algorithm and force-plate was -5.5 ± 7.3 ms and 40.6 ± 19.2 ms for IC and TC points respectively; the latter representing a consistent, systematic error of this magnitude that may be intrinsic to shank-mounted gyroscopes. These results suggest that the algorithm reported here could form the basis of a robust, portable, low-cost system for ambulatory monitoring of gait.
Deficiency of Subsarcolemmal Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (2005)

The current study addresses a novel hypothesis of subcellular distribution of mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes. Vastus lateralis muscle was obtained by percutaneous biopsy from 11 volunteers with type 2 diabetes; 12 age-, sex-, and weight-matched obese sedentary nondiabetic volunteers; and 8 lean volunteers. Subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondrial fractions were isolated by differential centrifugation and digestion techniques. Overall electron transport chain activity was similar in type 2 diabetic and obese subjects, but subsarcolemmal mitochondria electron transport chain activity was reduced in type 2 diabetic subjects (0.017 +/- 0.003 vs. 0.034 +/- 0.007 units/mU creatine kinase [CK], P = 0.01) and sevenfold reduced compared with lean subjects (P < 0.01). Electron transport chain activity in intermyofibrillar mitochondria was similar in type 2 diabetic and obese subjects, though reduced compared with lean subjects. A reduction in subsarcolemmal mitochondria was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Although mtDNA was lower in type 2 diabetic and obese subjects, the decrement in electron transport chain activity was proportionately greater, indicating functional impairment. Because of the potential importance of subsarcolemmal mitochondria for signal transduction and substrate transport, this deficit may contribute to the pathogenesis of muscle insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
Voice Interaction Design: Crafting the New Conversational Speech Systems (2004)

From the voice on the phone, to the voice on the computer, to the voice from the toaster, speech user interfaces are coming into the mainstream and are here to stay forever. 

Soundly anchored in HCI, cognitive psychology, linguistics, and social psychology, this supremely practical book is loaded with examples, advice, and design templates. Drawing widely on decades of research-in lexicography, conversation analysis, computational linguistics, and social psychology-author Randy Allen Harris outlines the principles of how people use language interactively, and illustrates every aspect of design work.

In the first part of the book, Harris provides a thorough conceptual basis of language in all its relevant aspects, from speech sounds to conversational principles. The second part takes you patiently through the entire process of designing an interactive speech system: from team building to user profiles, to agent design, scripting, and evaluation. This book provides interaction designers with the knowledge and strategies to craft language-based applications the way users will expect them to behave.

*Loaded with examples and practical synopses of the best practice. 

*An ideal combination of conceptual base, practical illustrations, and how-to advice-for design and for the entire design process.

*Will bring novice voice designers fully up to speed, and give experienced designers a new understanding of the principles underlying human speech interaction, principles from which to improve voice interaction design.

Table of Contents

Introduction; Speech; Sound and Meaning; Doing things with Words; Conversation; Glue; Diction; Crafting Voice Interfaces; The Team and the Process; Users, Tasks; Building the Discourse Model; Agents; Dialogue Matters; Scripting; Iterative Evaluation; Conclusion-Pursuing Habitability; Glossary.
Stacked Hourglass Network for Robust Facial Landmark Localisation (2017)

With the increasing number of public available training data for face alignment, the regression-based methods attracted much attention and have become the dominant methods to solve this problem. There are two main factors, the variance of the regression target and the capacity of the regression model, affecting the performance of the regression task. In this paper, we present a Stacked Hourglass Network for robust facial landmark localisation. We first adopt a supervised face transformation to remove the translation, scale and rotation variation of each face, in order to reduce the variance of the regression target. Then we employ a deep convolutional neural network named Stacked Hourglass Network to increase the capacity of the regression model. To better evaluate the proposed method, we reimplement two popular cascade shape regression models, SDM and LBF, for comparison. Extensive experiments on four challenging datasets prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Review on laser drilling I. Fundamentals, modeling, and simulation (2013)

High peak power lasers have been used for years for ablating matter. The most relevant application of this process is laser marking. Marking meets the demands of applications although the quality of ablation has potential to be further improved. However, the qualitative results of the ablation process especially for highly efficient removal of matter in the liquid phase like drilling have not met the standards of alternative processes—the latter is only the case in niches. On the other hand, the ablation by ultrafast lasers in the pulse regime of ps or below, which might meet the quality demands in terms of geometric precision, was too slow for economically feasible application because of the lack of average power. In fact, both process domains have been developed substantially and thus lead to a technological level which make them ready for industrial innovations. In a series of three articles on laser drilling—from fundamentals to application technology—the results of more than a decade of research and development are summarized with the purpose of displaying the bright application future of this laser process. This present part I deals with fundamentals, modeling, and simulation of laser drilling. Part II covers processing techniques, whereas part III is dedicated to systems and application technology. Fundamentals, modeling, and simulation: Theoretical analysis of the process from fs- to μs-pulses involves three inputs: numerical simulation, relevant analytic modeling, and as an important input for understanding, process analysis. The reduction of the models guided by experimental input leads to descriptions and knowledge of the process, which allows for strategic improvement of the applicability. As a consequence, process strategies can be derived, meeting the challenges of the application related to shape and accuracy of the surface free of recast as well as the economical demand for high speed processing. The domains of “cold ablation,” “hot ablation,” and “melt expulsion” are differentiated. Especially, the formation of recast up to closure of the drill is quantified. Tailoring the process parameters toward the individual application according to the know-how reached by the state of the art modeling and simulation leads to sound innovations and shorter innovation cycles.
Codes for the correction of 'clustered' errors (1960)

A method is described which permits the systematic construction of codes capable of error-free transmission, provided errors occur in "clusters" of limited duration. The method is valid for error clusters of any prescribed duration. The codes are relatively easy to implement and decoding operations are straightforward. Specific examples are given and applications to teletype transmission are discussed.
Complexity of ethanolamine phosphate addition in the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors in mammalian cells. (1992)

Biosynthetic intermediates for the mammalian glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor have been described. The earliest GPI anchor precursor is N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol, which is deacetylated to give glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol. This is followed by fatty acylation of the inositol ring, sequential addition of mannose residues donated by dolichyl mannosyl phosphate, and finally addition of ethanolamine phosphate. Here, we show that the final steps of GPI anchor biosynthesis are more complex than we have previously reported. Six distinct GPI anchor precursors were found to contain at least 1 ethanolamine phosphate residue. The headgroups of these glycolipids were purified and analyzed by a combination of Bio-Gel P4 chromatography and high resolution thin-layer chromatography. The sizes of neutral glycans were determined following HF dephosphorylation. The position of the ethanolamine phosphate residue was inferred from results of alpha-mannosidase treatment. Finally, the number of negative charges on the headgroups were determined by Mono Q chromatography. Our results show that the addition of ethanolamine phosphate is controlled by at least two different genes. Thus, the class F mutant, though unable to add ethanolamine phosphate to the third mannose residue, does incorporate ethanolamine phosphate into the first and second mannose residues. Only the wild type cells are capable of incorporating ethanolamine phosphate into the third mannose residue. Furthermore, the GPI core contains up to 3 ethanolamine phosphate residues. These results should facilitate the elucidation of the biochemical defects in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
A Proximity-Based Framework for Mobile Services (2014)

Peer-to-peer proximity-based wireless networking can provide improved spatial and temporal semantics and independence over alternative wireless topologies that rely on static network infrastructure, and can potentially enable new classes of mobile applications. However, the difficulties of setting up such ad-hoc connections has thus far been a development barrier. There is currently a need for an abstraction tool to allow application developers to exploit the potential advantages of such networks with minimal knowledge of the underlying connectivity. We present Proxima, a framework for the Android platform, which employs ad-hoc device-to-device connections and proactive mesh routing for a decentralised topology with solely proximity-based rich content dissemination. The framework is designed to be developer- and user-friendly with minimal configuration effort, lightweight, reusable and hardware independent. After compilation, the size of its binary distribution is only 6MB. We have further developed a real-life application, named TuneSpy, based around sharing music with local peers. The development of TuneSpy has produced two positive outcomes. Firstly, it strongly demonstrates the ease of writing proximity-based applications with Proxima. Secondly, it has served as a testing platform for all framework functionality.
Organic acid eluents for single-column ion chromatography (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic acid eluents for single-column ion chromatographyJames S. Fritz, Dean L. DuVal, and Robert E. BarronCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 7, 1177–1182Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00271a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00271a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Induction of Protective Th1 Responses to<i>Candida albicans</i>by Antifungal Therapy Alone or in Combination with an Interleukin‐4 Antagonist (1997)

Resistance or susceptibility to disseminated and mucosal Candida albicans infections in mice correlates with the development of protective or nonprotective T helper (Th) cell responses. To determine whether immunomodulatory activity on Th cell functions is an effect beyond that provided by antifungal therapy, mice with disseminated or gastrointestinal infection were treated with amphotericin B or fluconazole and assessed for mortality, fungus burden in the organs, and parameters of Th cell-dependent immunity. Both antimycotics produced protective CD4+ Th1 cell responses, as revealed by increased production of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon-y, decreased production of IL-4, delayed-type hypersensitivity to fungal antigen, and the disappearance of antigen-specific IgE. Concomitant neutralization of endogenous IL-4 greatly increased the antifungal efficacy and the Th1-promoting activity of both agents. These results indicate that successful antifungal therapy alone or in combination with cytokine antagonists may rely on the induction of an appropriate Th antifungal cell response.
Pull-Out Tests on Injected Anchors in Tuff Masonry Elements (2017)

In this paper the results of pull-out tests on several types of injected anchors embedded in masonry elements made of yellow tuff are described and compared. Several bonded lengths and configuration of the masonry elements were considered in the tests. In particular, pull-out tests of anchors installed in single tuff stones were carried out in order to investigate the effect of masonry block dimensions on the activation of the splitting failure. Conversely, pull-out tests of anchors installed in masonry walls made of similar tuff stones were carried out in order to simulate real applications. Finally, the experimental results were compared with literature formulations in case of splitting failure, bond interface failure and masonry cone shaped failure.
Banking on the Information Age (1999)

AbstractThe following sections are included:IT as critical infrastructureTechnical change feeds on itselfHow IT benefits society
Interface Architecture Generation for IP Integration in SoC Design (2006)

Designing component-based SoC (system on chip) has become a communication design problem. The reuse of intellectual property (IP) cores in multiprocessor SoC is facilitated by the concept of packaging and wrapping. In this paper, we present an approach to automate the integration process of hardware accelerators/coprocessors. This approach gives an interface modelling considering communication adaptation concepts/context throughout the integration steps. Graph formalism has been established to specify the interface considering the IP execution cycle accurate behaviour. This allows for automatic generation of interface architecture for simulation towards its synthesis. We illustrate the utility of the proposed framework that enables faster simulation times compared to existing methodologies which allow the designer to quickly evaluate alternative system implementations
<i>Bifidobacterium lactis</i>DSM 10140: Identification of the<i>atp</i>(<i>atpBEFHAGDC</i>) Operon and Analysis of Its Genetic Structure, Characteristics, and Phylogeny (2004)

The atp operon is highly conserved among eubacteria, and it has been considered a molecular marker as an alternative to the 16S rRNA gene. PCR primers were designed from the consensus sequences of the atpD gene to amplify partial atpD sequences from 12 Bifidobacterium species and nine Lactobacillus species. All PCR products were sequenced and aligned with other atpD sequences retrieved from public databases. Genes encoding the subunits of the F(1)F(0)-ATPase of Bifidobacterium lactis DSM 10140 (atpBEFHAGDC) were cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences of these subunits showed significant homology with the sequences of other organisms. We identified specific sequence signatures for the genus Bifidobacterium and for the closely related taxa Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus johnsonii, which could provide an alternative to current methods for identification of lactic acid bacterial species. Northern blot analysis showed that there was a transcript at approximately 7.3 kb, which corresponded to the size of the atp operon, and a transcript at 4.5 kb, which corresponded to the atpC, atpD, atpG, and atpA genes. The transcription initiation sites of these two mRNAs were mapped by primer extension, and the results revealed no consensus promoter sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the atpD genes demonstrated that the Lactobacillus atpD gene clustered with the genera Listeria, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus and that the higher G+C content and highly biased codon usage with respect to the genome average support the hypothesis that there was probably horizontal gene transfer. The acid inducibility of the atp operon of B. lactis DSM 10140 was verified by slot blot hybridization by using RNA isolated from acid-treated cultures of B. lactis DSM 10140. The rapid increase in the level of atp operon transcripts upon exposure to low pH suggested that the ATPase complex of B. lactis DSM 10140 was regulated at the level of transcription and not at the enzyme assembly step.
Rapid identification of proteins. (1993)

The amino acid composition, molecular weight, and isoelectric point of a protein can all be easily and economically determined by current electrophoretic techniques. A method which uses such easily obtained data to identify proteins is described. A computer program first corrects for systematic errors in amino acid quantitation and then searches the current sequence database for proteins with amino acid compositions similar to the corrected values, taking into account the reliability of determination of each amino acid. The program also provides the calculated molecular weight, isoelectric point, and name of each candidate, providing three further independent criteria for protein identification. The program is surprisingly sensitive, and the composition data alone, if of good quality, usually suggest the correct protein as a strong candidate if it or a close homologue is present in the database. Further studies show that proteins in the current database have amino acid compositions distinct enough to allow this method to be generally applicable. The method is a quick and cost-effective first step in protein characterization and should become increasingly useful as the number of fully sequenced proteins continues to rise.
Streaming Codes with Unequal Error Protection against Burst Losses (2018)

Error control codes for real-time interactive applications such as audio and video streaming must operate under strict delay constraints and be resilient to burst losses. Previous works have characterized optimal codes that guarantee perfect recovery of all source packets when the burst loss is below a certain maximum threshold. In this work we introduce two notions of unequal error protection (UEP) in streaming codes. The first is symbol-level UEP where each source packet consists of two sub-packets, one of which has higher level of importance than the other. While the important sub-packet has the same deadline it must recover from a longer burst loss. Perfect recovery of the entire source packet is required if the burst loss is below a certain nominal threshold. The second notion is packetlevel UEP. Here we assume that the source packets arriving at odd and even times have different levels of importance. When the burst length is below a certain threshold, all the source packets must be recovered. On the other hand, in the period of the longer burst, we only require the recovery of the source packets at even time slots. We discuss practical motivations for both settings and develop coding schemes that use previously proposed streaming codes as constituent codes. We establish optimality or near optimality guarantees through information theoretic converse. Simulation over Gilbert channels show that these codes outperform baseline schemes over a wide range of channel parameters.
Integrally gated carbon nanotube-on-post field emitter arrays (2002)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were grown using chemical vapor deposition on the tops of blunt vertical silicon posts in cells having a horizontal gate aperture of conventional field emitter design. We obtained over 1 mA total emission current from a single array, or 0.3 μA per cell at 40 V. In addition to the low voltage operation, the most distinctive differences from conventional field emitter arrays include their stability and the lack of catastrophic arcing without any special sample preparation.