gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delayed Contrast Enhancement on MR Images of Myocardium: Past, Present, Future (2011)

Differential enhancement of myocardial infarction was first recognized on computed tomographic (CT) images obtained with iodinated contrast material in the late 1970s. Gadolinium enhancement of myocardial infarction was initially reported for T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in 1984. The introduction of an inversion-recovery gradient-echo MR sequence for accentuation of the contrast between normal and necrotic myocardium was the impetus for widespread clinical use for demonstrating the extent of myocardial infarction. This sequence has been called delayed-enhancement MR and MR viability imaging. The physiologic basis for differential enhancement of myocardial necrosis is the greater distribution volume of injured myocardium compared with that of normal myocardium. It is now recognized that delayed enhancement occurs in both acute and chronic (scar) infarctions and in an array of other myocardial processes that cause myocardial necrosis, infiltration, or fibrosis. These include myocarditis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, and other myocardial conditions. In several of these diseases, the presence and extent of delayed enhancement has prognostic implications. Future applications of delayed enhancement with development of MR imaging and CT techniques will be discussed.
Mechanical Properties of Cast Commercially Pure Titanium Simulating Ceramic Firing Cycles (2012)

The ceramic firing cycles did not show any considerable prejudicial effects on the mechanical properties of the cp Ti.
Optimization of Multiprobe Cryosurgery (1992)

This paper describes a general technique for optimizing cryosurgical procedures. The method, which is based on the simplex minimization algorithm, minimizes unnecessary freezing by optimizing various surgical parameters. The optimization procedure is illustrated using a simplified model of prostatic cryosurgery. In this illustrative case, the function to be minimized, F, defined as the volume of healthy tissue destroyed during complete freezing of the prostate, is assumed to depend on three parameters: the number of cryoprobes used, the freezing length per cryoprobe, and the cryoprobe diameter. Using an iterative procedure, the optimization algorithm first alters these parameters, then calculates F by solving a three-dimensional bioheat transfer model of multiprobe cryosurgery, and finally determines whether F is minimized. The iterative procedure continues until unnecessary freezing is minimized. For the model considered here, the optimization code indicates that unnecessary freezing during cryoprostatectomy is minimized using approximately 5 cryoprobes, each 7.5 mm in length and 4 mm in diameter.
Antileishmanial Chalcones:  Statistical Design, Synthesis, and Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Analysis (1998)

A large number of substituted chalcones have been synthesized and tested for antileishmanial and lymphocyte-suppressing activities. A subset of the chalcones was designed by using statistical methods. 3D-QSAR analyses using 67 (antileishmanial activity) and 63 (lymphocyte-suppressing activity) of the compounds for the training sets and 9 compounds as an external validation set were performed by using the GRID/GOLPE methodology. The Smart Region Definition procedure with subsequent region selection as implemented in GOLPE reduced the number of variables to approximately 1300 yielding 3D-QSAR models of high quality (lymphocyte-suppressing model, R2 = 0. 90, Q2 = 0.80; antileishmanial model, R2 = 0.73, Q2 = 0.63). The coefficient plots indicate that steric interactions between the chalcones and the target are of major importance for the potencies of the compounds. A comparison of the coefficient plots for the antileishmanial effect and the lymphocyte-suppressing activity discloses significant differences which should make it possible to design chalcones having a high antileishmanial activity without suppressing the proliferation of lymphocytes.
Modeling bursts and heavy tails in human dynamics (2006)

The dynamics of many social, technological and economic phenomena are driven by individual human actions, turning the quantitative understanding of human behavior into a central question of modern science. Current models of human dynamics, used from risk assessment to communications, assume that human actions are randomly distributed in time and thus well approximated by Poisson processes. Here we provide direct evidence that for five human activity patterns, such as email and letter based communications, web browsing, library visits and stock trading, the timing of individual human actions follow non-Poisson statistics, characterized by bursts of rapidly occurring events separated by long periods of inactivity. We show that the bursty nature of human behavior is a consequence of a decision based queuing process: when individuals execute tasks based on some perceived priority, the timing of the tasks will be heavy tailed, most tasks being rapidly executed, while a few experiencing very long waiting times. In contrast, priority blind execution is well approximated by uniform interevent statistics. We discuss two queuing models that capture human activity. The first model assumes that there are no limitations on the number of tasks an individual can handle at any time, predicting that the waiting time of the individual tasks follow a heavy tailed distribution P(tau(w)) approximately tau(w)(-alpha) with alpha=3/2. The second model imposes limitations on the queue length, resulting in a heavy tailed waiting time distribution characterized by alpha=1. We provide empirical evidence supporting the relevance of these two models to human activity patterns, showing that while emails, web browsing and library visitation display alpha=1, the surface mail based communication belongs to the alpha=3/2 universality class. Finally, we discuss possible extension of the proposed queuing models and outline some future challenges in exploring the statistical mechanics of human dynamics.
Coordinate Control of Wind Turbine and Battery in Wind Turbine Generator System (2009)

Battery is installed for with wind power generator to level the output power fluctuations, since output power fluctuations of wind power generator are large. However, if large battery is installed in wind turbine generator, the capital cost for wind power system will increase. Hence, the smallest size of battery should be preferable to save the capital cost.In this paper, we propose a methodology for controlling combined system output power and storage energy capacity of battery system. The system consists of wind turbine generator and battery energy storage system. The generated power fluctuation in low and high frequency range are smoothed by pitch angle control and battery charge or discharge. This coordinated control reduces the rated battery capacity and windmill blade stress. In our proposed method, we apply H∞ control theory to achieve good response and robustness. The effectiveness of the proposed control system is simulated.
Acoustic Tomography Method for Measuring Temperature and Wind Velocity (2006)

We consider the problem of reconstructing superimposed temperature and wind flow fields from acoustic measurements. A new technique based solely on acoustic waves propagation is presented. In contrast to the usual straight ray assumption, a bent ray model is considered in order to achieve higher accuracy. Under this assumption, we propose an iterative reconstruction algorithm that allows to entirely recover the considered fields. It alternates between estimating the fields of interest and the corresponding acoustic ray trajectories. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness and fast convergence of our scheme.
Laser Induced Fluorescent Decay Spectra - A New Form of Environmental Signature (1974)

Studies made of the temporal behaviour of laser-induced fluorescence as a function of emission wavelength for a variety of materials, such as crude oils, refined petroleum products, fish oils, and rock and mineral samples, lead us to believe that this information represents a new kind of spectral signature. The specificity of this "fluorescence decay spectrum" appears to be somewhat superior to that associated with the normal fluorescence spectrum. Several examples are presented to illustrate the improved identification capability of this new approach. We believe that a significant improvement to the ground truth evaluation capability of the new form of environmental probe currently under development, called a laser fluoresensor, might result from this advance.
A Study of Heterogeneous Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions of the Sodium Salts of the Vanadic Acids at 30° (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of Heterogeneous Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions of the Sodium Salts of the Vanadic Acids at 30°Samuel J. Kiehl and Ernest J. ManfredoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 11, 2118–2126Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01290a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01290a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[The isolation and identification of microorganisms capable of using agricultural wastes resistant to enzymatic degradation]. (1984)

Feather which is an agricultural waste and resistant to enzymatic degradation has been used as a substrate for microorganisms. Some microorganisms using this material have been isolated and identified. Total 13 microorganisms, the optimum growth temperature of which are 30 degrees C and 50 degrees C have been isolated. After colonial and microscopic examinations, it has been observed that 12 of these microorganisms are of the Bacillus genus. By means of further biochemical tests all Bacillus genera have been identified at species levels. It has been also observed that the keratinase activities of these Bacillus species are different.
Resonant tunneling effects on cavity-embedded metal film caused by surface-plasmon excitation (2008)

We investigate cavity-modulated resonant tunneling through a silver film with periodic grooves on both surfaces. A strip cavity embedded in the film affects tunneling frequencies via a coupling mode and waveguide mode. In the coupling mode, both the resonant tunneling through the gap between the groove and the cavity and the cavity itself form an entire resonant structure. In the waveguide mode, however, the cavity functions as a surface-plasmon waveguide. Hence, tunneling frequencies are close to resonant absorption frequencies of the groove structure and are irrelevant to cavity properties.
Single-Infusion of Donor Early Apoptotic Cells (ApoCell) As Prophylaxis of Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Myeloablative HLA-Matched Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantati (2012)

Abstract Abstract 4176 Because of its potent immunomodulatory effect together with presumably high safety profile, apoptotic cells infusion (ApoCell) was tested in addition to cyclosporine and methotrexate, as prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in HLA-matched myeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT) from a related donor. We conducted a phase I//IIa clinical trial where we treated 13 patients (median age, 37 years; range, 20–59 years) with advanced hematologic malignancies (7 patients with ALL, 5 patients with AML (4 patients with MDS that transformed to AML and one patient with AML de novo), and 1 patient with CML that received conventional myeloablation with 35, or 70, or 140, or 210×106 cell/kg of donor ApoCell, on day -1 of transplantation. Ten serious adverse effects were reported with all being not related (seven) or unlikely to be related (3) to ApoCell infusion. Out of hundreds adverse effects, only three were reported as possibly related to ApoCell infusion (with no definite or probable adverse effects). The non-relapse mortality at day 100 and 180 after transplantation was the same, 7.7%. The overall survival at 100 and 180 days after transplantation was 92% and 85%, respectively. The incidences of acute grades II through IV GVHD for all 13 patients and for the two higher doses were 23% and 0% (six patients), respectively. Biomarker ratio levels including tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFR1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin 2 receptor alpha (IL-2Ra), and interleukin 7 (IL-7), supported the clinical data. These results suggest that single-infusion high-dose donor early apoptotic cells in HLA-matched myeloablative alloBMT is a safe and potentially effective single-agent prophylaxis of acute GVHD occurring after myeloablative conditioning (clinicaltrials.gov no. NCT00524784). Disclosures: Mevorach: Enlivex: Consultancy, Employment, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties. Reiner:Enlivex: Employment.
Nighttime Supplemental LED Inter-lighting Improves Growth and Yield of Single-Truss Tomatoes by Enhancing Photosynthesis in Both Winter and Summer (2016)

Greenhouses with sophisticated environmental control systems, or so-called plant factories with solar light, enable growers to achieve high yields of produce with desirable qualities. In a greenhouse crop with high planting density, low photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at the lower leaves tends to limit plant growth, especially in the winter when the solar altitude and PPFD at the canopy are low and day length is shorter than in summer. Therefore, providing supplemental lighting to the lower canopy can increase year-round productivity. However, supplemental lighting can be expensive. In some places, the cost of electricity is lower at night, but the effect of using supplemental light at night has not yet been examined. In this study, we examined the effects of supplemental LED inter-lighting (LED inter-lighting hereafter) during the daytime or nighttime on photosynthesis, growth, and yield of single-truss tomato plants both in winter and summer. We used LED inter-lighting modules with combined red and blue light to illuminate lower leaves right after the first anthesis. The PPFD of this light was 165 μmol m(-2) s(-1) measured at 10 cm from the LED module. LED inter-lighting was provided from 4:00 am to 4:00 pm for the daytime treatments and from 10:00 pm to 10:00 am for the nighttime treatments. Plants exposed only to solar light were used as controls. Daytime LED inter-lighting increased the photosynthetic capacity of middle and lower canopy leaves, which significantly increased yield by 27% in winter; however, photosynthetic capacity and yield were not significantly increased during summer. Nighttime LED inter-lighting increased photosynthetic capacity in both winter and summer, and yield increased by 24% in winter and 12% in summer. In addition, nighttime LED inter-lighting in winter significantly increased the total soluble solids and ascorbic acid content of the tomato fruits, by 20 and 25%, respectively. Use of nighttime LED inter-lighting was also more cost-effective than daytime inter-lighting. Thus, nighttime LED inter-lighting can effectively improve tomato plant growth and yield with lower energy cost compared with daytime both in summer and winter.
Spatial patterns of anthropometric variation in India with reference to geographic, climatic, ethnic and linguistic backgrounds (2005)

The results suggest geographical clines for the four anthropometric variables and indicate the influence of population structure on the studied variables.
Chelation of Serine 39 to Mg2+ Latches a Gate at the Active Site of Enolase: Structure of the Bis(Mg2+) Complex of Yeast Enolase and the Intermediate Analog Phosphonoacetohydroxamate at 2.1-.ANG. Resolution (1994)

The structure of a new crystal form of enolase from bakers' yeast has been solved to 2.1-A resolution. Crystals were grown from poly(ethylene glycol) and KCl at pH 8.2 in the presence of Mg2+ and a reaction intermediate analog, phosphonoacetohydroxamate (PhAH). Crystals belong to space group C2; have unit cell dimensions a = 123.5 A, b = 73.9 A, and c = 94.8 A with beta = 93.3 degrees; and contain one dimer per asymmetric unit. The structure was solved by molecular replacement from the X-ray coordinates of apoenolase [Stec, B., & Lebioda, L. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 211, 235-248]. Both essential divalent metal ions are observed to be complexed with the inhibitor. The two Mg2+ ions are 4.05 A apart and are bridged by a mu-oxyl ligand from the carbonyl moiety of PhAH. The "high-affinity" Mg2+ coordinates to the carboxylate side chains of Asp 246, Glu 295, and Asp 320, one water molecule, and the hydroxamate and carbonyl oxygens of PhAH. The second Mg2+ coordinates to a phosphonyl oxygen, two water molecules, and the mu-bridge carbonyl oxygen of PhAH. Coordination schemes with respect to PhAH and water ligands are fully consistent with those of the Mn2+ complexes determined spectroscopically [Poyner, R.R., & Reed, G. H. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 7166-7173]. Remaining ligands for the second Mg2+ are the carbonyl oxygen and gamma-oxygen of Ser 39. Chelation of this Ser residue to Mg2+ effectively "latches" a flexible loop extending from Gly 37 through His 43 and closes off the entrance to the active site. The position of the second Mg2+ in the active site provides new insight into the stereochemistry of substrate binding.
Identification and Susceptibility Testing of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> by Direct Inoculation from Positive BACTEC Blood Culture Bottles into Vitek 2 (2004)

Inoculation of an automated system for rapid identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) directly from positive blood culture bottles will reduce the turnaround time of laboratory diagnosis of septicemic patients, which benefits clinical outcome and decreases patient costs. Direct test results, however, must always be confirmed by testing a pure overnight culture, which is the "gold standard." We studied the accuracy of direct testing versus repeat testing in order to investigate the possibility of refraining from repeat testing. We also assessed the clinical risk of reporting results based on direct testing only. We inoculated Vitek 2 (bioMérieux) directly from 410 positive BACTEC 9240 (BD) blood culture bottles containing gram-negative rods and studied the ID and AST results. In a comparison of direct inoculation with the standard method, a total of 344 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested, and 93.0% were correctly identified. Of the 39 (10.2%) samples that contained bacilli not identifiable by Vitek 2, only 1 gave a conclusive, correct result. The overall MIC agreement among 312 isolates was 99.2%, with 0.8% very major and 0.02% major error rates. Of only three (polymicrobial) samples, the direct susceptibility pattern would be reported to the clinician as too sensitive. Vitek 2 results obtained from direct inoculation of blood culture bottles containing gram-negative bacilli are safe enough for immediate reporting, provided that ID and AST are consistent. Repeat testing is not necessary, unless Gram stain or overnight subculture results raise doubt about the purity of the culture.
A collaborative supporting method between document processing and hypertext construction (2002)

A new method of collaborative unification between document image understanding and hypertext construction is presented. Document image understanding is indispensable to electronic library systems, but document understanding technologies are still immature. Moreover, hypertext links are difficult to acquire by hand. In the approach presented, document image understanding is taken as classification of text blocks to classes of bibliographic items which compose the understanding thesaurus. Hypertext links are obtained implicitly with functions corresponding to classes, and thus they are obtained automatically from understanding results. These classes include incompletely recognized classes distinctly to offer utilization of incompletely recognized text blocks as they are. Using this approach, large scale and practical electronic library systems can be offered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 195K FFT/s (256-points) high performance FFT/IFFT processor for OFDM applications (2002)

A 256-point pipelined FFT/IFFT processor chip is described which implements OFDM modulation/demodulation functions. The architecture attains a sustained throughput of 195K FFT/s with incoming data rates of 100 MB/s. The 6.25 mm/sup 2/, 31300 gates chip was fully synthesized using 0.5 /spl mu/m, 3-layer metal CMOS process and operates at a frequency of 50 MHz.
NEWS FOCUS (1993)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTNEWS FOCUSHealth Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Remain UnresolvedBiological effects from low-level nonionizing fields are well established, but clear answers about adverse health effects continue to elude researchersBETTE HILEMANCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1993, 71, 45, 15–29Publication Date (Print):November 8, 1993Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 8 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v071n045.p015https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v071n045.p015newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1993 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Cancer,Cluster chemistry,Magnetic properties,Power Get e-Alerts