gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microscopic View on a Chemical Vapor Deposition Route to Boron-Doped Graphene Nanostructures (2013)

Single layer boron-doped graphene layers have been grown on polycrystalline copper foils by chemical vapor deposition using methane and diborane as carbon and boron sources, respectively. Any attempt to deposit doped layers in one-step has been fruitless, the reason being the formation of very reactive boron species as a consequence of diborane decomposition on the Cu surface, which leads to disordered nonstoichiometric carbides. However, a two-step procedure has been optimized: as a first step, the surface is seeded with pure graphene islands, while the boron source is activated only in a second stage. In this case, the nonstochiometric boron carbides formed on the bare copper areas between preseeded graphene patches can be exploited to easily release boron, which diffuses from the peripheral areas inward of graphene islands. The effective substitutional doping (of the order of about 1%) has been demonstrated by Raman and photoemission experiments. The electronic properties of doped layers have been characterized by spatially resolved photoemission band mapping carried out on single domain graphene flakes using a photon beam with a spot size of 1 μm. The whole set of experiments allow us to clarify that boron is effective at promoting the anchoring carbon species on the surface. Taking the cue from this basic understanding, it is possible to envisage new strategies for the design of complex 2D graphene nanostructures with a spatially modulated doping.
Vaccination with T cell receptor peptides primes anti‐receptor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and anergizes T cells specifically recognized by these CTL (1994)

We selected three peptides from the germ-line sequence of the V beta 8.2 and J beta 2.3 gene segments of the murine T cell receptor for antigen (TCR) which contained putative Kd- and Ld-restricted epitopes. Immunization of BALB/c (H-2d) mice with the V beta 8.2(67-90) 23-mer peptide 1 as well as the 15-mer V beta 8.2(95-108)-peptide 2 efficiently primed specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vivo against natural TCR-V beta 8.2 epitopes. V beta 8.2+ T cells were not deleted in TCR peptide-immunized mice because the fractions of V beta 8.2+ CD4+ and V beta 8.2+ CD8+ T cells in spleen and lymph nodes were not altered. The proliferative response of V beta 8.2+ T cells to stimulation by monoclonal antibody F23.2 was selectively suppressed (by 60-80%) in peptide-immunized BALB/c mice, indicating partial anergy of this T subset. Immunization of BALB/c mice with the J beta 2.3-derived peptide 3 stimulated a CD8+ CTL response against a class I-restricted epitope within this J beta segment that was also generated during natural "endogenous" processing of this self antigen. These data confirm the predictive value of major histocompatibility complex class I allele-specific motifs. The described experiments indicate that TCR peptide-primed CD8+ CTL recognize class I-restricted, natural V beta/J beta-TCR epitopes. Such anti-TCR CTL may, thus, operate in V beta-specific immunoregulation of the T cell system suppressing their functional reactivity without deleting them.
THE RISK OF THROMBOEMBOLISM FROM FLOW DISTURBANCES IN BLOOD CONDUITS (1997)

Hamilton, J.; Sukavaneshvar, S.; Zheng, D.; Hall, M.; Solen, K.; Mohammad, F Author Information
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (−)-Taiwaniaquinone H and (−)-Taiwaniaquinol B by Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation and Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric α-Arylation (2011)

We report a concise, enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-taiwaniaquinone H and the first enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-taiwaniaquinol B by a route that includes asymmetric palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of a ketone with an aryl bromide that was generated by sterically controlled halogenation via iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation. This asymmetric α-arylation creates the benzylic quaternary stereogenic center present in the taiwaniaquinoids. The synthesis was completed efficiently by developing a Lewis acid-promoted cascade to construct the [6,5,6] tricyclic core of an intermediate common to the synthesis of a number of taiwaniaquinoids. Through the preparation of these compounds, we demonstrate the utility of constructing benzylic quaternary stereogenic centers, even those lacking a carbonyl group in the α-position, by asymmetric α-arylation.
Efficient Algorithms for Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems on Embedded Systems (2001)

This thesis describes how an elliptic curve cryptosystem can be implemented on low cost microprocessors without coprocessors with reasonable performance. We focus in this paper on the Intel 8051 family of microcontrollers popular in smart cards and other cost-sensitive devices, and on the Motorola Dragonball, found in the Palm Com-puting Platform. The implementation is based on the use of the Optimal Extension Fields GF ((2 8 − 17) 17) for low end 8-bit processors, and GF ((2 13 − 1) 13) for 16-bit processors. Two advantages of our method are that subfield modular reduction can be performed infrequently, and that an adaption of Itoh and Tsujii’s inversion algorithm may be used for the group operation. We show that an elliptic curve scalar multi-plication with a fixed point, which is the core operation for a signature generation, can be performed in a group of order approximately 2 134 in less than 2 seconds on an 8-bit smart card. On a 16-bit microcontroller, signature generation in a group of order approximately 2 169 can be performed in under 700 milliseconds. Unlike other
Age-related and tissue-specific accumulation of oxidative DNA base damage in 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (Ogg1) deficient mice (2001)

Mutations that influence the repair of oxidative DNA modifications are expected to increase the steady-state (background) levels of these modifications and thus create a mutator phenotype that predisposes to malignant transformation. We have analysed the steady-state levels and repair kinetics of oxidative DNA modifications in cells of homozygous ogg1(-/-) null mice, which are deficient in Ogg1 protein, a DNA repair glycosylase that removes the miscoding base 8-hydroxyguanine (8-oxoG) from the genome. Oxidative purine modifications including 8-oxoG were quantified by means of an alkaline elution assay in combination with Fpg protein, the bacterial functional analogue of Ogg1 protein. In primary hepatocytes of adult ogg1(-/-) mice aged 9-12 months, the steady-state level of the lesions was 2.8-fold higher than in wild-type control mice. In contrast, no difference between ogg1(-/-) and wild-type mice was observed in splenocytes, spermatocytes and kidney cells. In hepatocytes of ogg1(-/-) mice, but not in wild-type controls, the steady-state levels increased continuously over the whole lifespan. No significant accumulation of the oxidative base modifications was observed in ogg1(-/-) fibroblasts in culture when they were kept confluent for 8 days. Both in confluent and proliferating ogg1(-/-) fibroblasts, the global repair of additional oxidative base modifications induced by photosensitization was 4-fold slower than in wild-type cells. The results suggest that the consequences of an Ogg1 defect are restricted to slowly proliferating tissues with high oxygen metabolism such as liver, because of a back-up mechanism for the repair of 8-oxoG residues that is independent of transcription and replication.
Kalman filtering with inequality constraints for turbofan engine health estimation (2006)

Kalman filters are often used to estimate the state variables of a dynamic system. However, in the application of Kalman filters some known signal information is often either ignored or dealt with heuristically. For instance, state-variable constraints (which may be based on physical considerations) are often neglected because they do not fit easily into the structure of the Kalman filter. Thus, two analytical methods to incorporate state-variable inequality constraints into the Kalman filter are now derived. The first method is a general technique that uses hard constraints to enforce inequalities on the state-variable estimates. The resultant filter is a combination of a standard Kalman filter and a quadratic programming problem. The second method uses soft constraints to estimate those state variables that are known to vary slowly with time. (Soft constraints are constraints that are required to be approximately satisfied rather than exactly satisfied.) The incorporation of state-variable constraints increases the computational effort of the filter but significantly improves its estimation accuracy. The improvement is proven theoretically and simulations are used to show that the proposed algorithms can provide an improved performance over unconstrained Kalman filtering.
Dominican Republic - Early Childhood Education Project : environmental assessment (2002)

The Early Childhood Education Project aims to improve educational coverage for early childhood development, which also would include the provision of integrated basic needs, such as psychological stimulation, medical care, and nutrition factors. Thus, major environmental adversity is not envisaged; however, construction, and rehabilitation of schools may cause adverse environmental impacts. This environmental assessment looks at minimizing adversity, and ensuring environmental standard practices in selecting appropriate sites, and engineering design. Mitigation measures are as follows. Site selection will avoid wetlands, and remote areas, while engineering designs will take into consideration standard environmental practices in sanitary installation, waste disposal, including solid waste management. Procurement documents will include environmental specifications, e.g., wastes, and water residues will avoid discharges into natural river flows, and, during construction, solid waste disposal will undergo strict environmental procedures, while construction materials, such as lead paint, asbestos, and arsenic elements will be restricted. Public awareness, and consultations were conducted, supported by nongovernmental organizations, emphasizing environmental protection. Project supervision will take into account the monitoring criteria to ensure adequate environmental procedures.
Fucose-binding Lectin from Opportunistic Pathogen Burkholderia ambifaria Binds to Both Plant and Human Oligosaccharidic Epitopes (2011)

Burkholderia ambifaria is generally associated with the rhizosphere of plants where it has biocontrol effects on other microorganisms. It is also a member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of closely related bacteria that cause lung infections in immunocompromised patients as well as in patients with granulomatous disease or cystic fibrosis. Our previous work indicated that fucose on human epithelia is a frequent target for lectins and adhesins of lung pathogens (Sulák, O., Cioci, G., Lameignère, E., Balloy, V., Round, A., Gutsche, I., Malinovská, L., Chignard, M., Kosma, P., Aubert, D. F., Marolda, C. L., Valvano, M. A., Wimmerová, M., and Imberty, A. (2011) PLoS Pathog. 7, e1002238). Analysis of the B. ambifaria genome identified BambL as a putative fucose-binding lectin. The 87-amino acid protein was produced recombinantly and demonstrated to bind to fucosylated oligosaccharides with a preference for αFuc1-2Gal epitopes. Crystal structures revealed that it associates as a trimer with two fucose-binding sites per monomer. The overall fold is a six-bladed β-propeller formed by oligomerization as in the Ralstonia solanacearum lectin and not by sequential domains like the fungal fucose lectin from Aleuria aurantia. The affinity of BambL for small fucosylated glycans is very high as demonstrated by microcalorimetry (K(D) < 1 μM). Plant cell wall oligosaccharides and human histo-blood group oligosaccharides H-type 2 and Lewis Y are bound with equivalent efficiency. Binding to artificial glycosphingolipid-containing vesicles, human saliva, and lung tissues confirmed that BambL could recognize a wide spectrum of fucosylated epitopes, albeit with a lower affinity for biological material from nonsecretor individuals.
Carbonic anhydrase II is induced in HL‐60 cells by 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>: A model for osteoclast gene regulation (1989)

Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) generates the H+ required for osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in humans. We have developed the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60 as a model system with which to study the osteoclast-specific expression of the CA II gene. Treatment of the cell line with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in a dramatic de novo induction of CA II at both the protein and mRNA levels. CA II mRNA was also induced to a lesser extent by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate. Treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide did not increase CA II mRNA. These findings indicate that the HL-60 cell line will be a useful model system to study the osteoclast-specific expression of the CA II gene.
Coupling boundary elements to a raytracing procedure (2007)

Abstract Typical outdoor sound propagation problems are governed by two principal phenomena: (i) diffraction in the vicinity of the noise source due to objects such as buildings or insulation barriers, and (ii) refraction at long distances from the source as a consequence of the effects of wind and temperature. The boundary element method (BEM) is well suited to account for the diffraction phenomena in the near field, while the raytracing method based on geometrical acoustics is more effective to deal with the refraction phenomena. In this paper, a new approach is presented which couples the direct BEM and a raytracing model in order to combine their advantages. Two alternative coupling procedures are developed, one is using a singular indirect BEM and the other is based on the method of fundamental solutions (MFS). The direct boundary element model is applied first for solving the near field and computing the sound pressure along an auxiliary interface which limits the near field extent. Then, a singular indirect BEM or MFS is used to find the intensities of a number of point sources which produce the same sound pressure on the interface to that resulting from the near‐field analysis. Finally, the point sources are the input data for the raytracing model of the far field. A 3D implementation of the proposed method is finally applied to an outdoor sound propagation problem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative analysis of the genomes (2007)

Members of the family Herpesviridae replicate their genomes in the infected cell nucleus and have a characteristic virion morphology, which consists of the envelope, tegument, capsid and core (Davison and Clements, 1997). An extensive description of virion structure is given in Chapter 3. The present chapter focuses on the viral genome, which occupies the core of the virus particle. Electron microscopy of negatively stained capsids gives the impression that the core consists of the viral DNA molecule wrapped toroidally around a protein spindle (Furlong et al., 1972). Images reconstructed from electron micrographs of virions frozen in ice in the absence of stain, a technique by which morphology is better preserved, show that the core consists of the DNA packed at high density in liquid crystalline form, probably as a spool lacking a spindle (Booy et al., 1991; Zhou et al., 1999).
The Perioperative Management of Breast Cancer (2009)

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Linking Low-Income Washingtonians with Health Care Financing Arrangements (2003)

Following this introductory section, Part II presents a comprehensive description of the health financing arrangements available to low-income residents of Washington State, from federally funded Medicaid programs to state-subsidized insurance. The Article concludes in Part III, outlining the interrelationship between these arrangements and the political process, and suggesting that the Washington State Legislature should be aware of how policy actually affects people.
<title>Concurrent object-oriented programming: a visualization challenge</title> (1997)

Understanding and subsequently fine-tuning concurrent object-oriented programs may be difficult. To alleviate this situation, program visualization can be used. This research focuses on the question of what and how such visualization can be done for concurrent object-oriented systems. Furthermore, in the absence of language support, to what extent such visualization can be realized. To investigate these issues, Visor++, a tool for visualizing CC++ programs, is developed. This research proposes that both static and dynamic views of programs are important. However, many languages, including CC++, do not provide adequate support for program visualization. CC++, in particular, provides rudimentary support which is available only in the low-level run-time system. Therefore, proper support must be facilitated by Visor++. To make such support portable and maintainable, it is provided at the CC++ source-code level. Although some information, such as changes in variable and data structure values, cannot be easily captured by such an approach, experiments with Visor++ have shown that the information obtained can be of valuable assistance for understanding and fine-tuning programs.
High current and thermal transient design of a SiC SSPC for aircraft application (2011)

Solid-State Power Controllers (SSPCs) are critical components in the development of electric aircraft and must be small in size, fast in response, and have high reliability. The development of Silicon Carbide (SiC) semiconductor switches provides a series of improvements for the SSPCs in both electrical and thermal performances. In the proposed SSPC design, SiC MOSFETs die are mounted on cast-aluminum traces, under which are an aluminum nitride (AlN) layer and an aluminum composite baseplate. The concept of i <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> t and its application in solid state protection is discussed. Transient thermal characterizations of SiC MOSFETs are provided on this nearly-all-aluminum package by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Electrical experiments are combined to demonstrate critical transient thermal performance of a 120A-nominal/1200A-fault, 320Vdc SSPC designed for 350°C SiC transient junction temperature.
Hypoxic and Excitotoxic Damage to Cultured Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells (1996)

The cytotoxic effects of hypoxia and excitatory amino acids on cultured retinal ganglion cells were studied. The influence of coculture with retinal Müller glia and cortical astrocytes on cell survival was evaluated, as were the effects of the N-methyl-DL-aspartate inhibitor, MK-801. Dissociated retinal neurons from 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were plated on a laminin substrate, neocortex-derived glial monolayers, or Müller cell monolayers. Ganglion cells were labeled by injection of DiI into the superior colliculus 2 days prior to dissociation. Exposure of cultured ganglion cells to glutamate and N-methyl-DL-aspartate showed a time- and concentration-dependent survival rate. Exposure of cells to hypoxia demonstrated a survival rate that was dependent on time and O2 concentration. Excitotoxic and hypoxic damage was entirely blocked by the specific non-competitive inhibitor of N-methyl-DL-aspartate, MK-801. Retinal ganglion cells cultured on cortical astrocytes and retina-derived Müller glia showed significantly better survival rates (P < 0.001) than cells cultured on laminin-coated dishes under control conditions, in hypoxia (9% to 15% O2), and after exposure to 200 microM glutamate. Retinal ganglion cells cultured on Müller glia showed significantly better survival rates (P < 0.01) than those cultured on cortical astrocytes under conditions of hypoxia (9% to 15% O2) and exposure to 200 microM glutamate. The results demonstrate that excitotoxic and hypoxic damage to cultured retinal ganglion cells is moderated by NMDA receptor blockade and by the presence of glial cells, especially retinal Müller cells. This system may provide a useful model for studying the pathophysiology of excitotoxicity and hypoxia on cultured retinal ganglion cells, and may be used to help identify potentially clinically useful therapeutic agents.
The Definitive Guide to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 (2014)

The Definitive Guide to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 is a task-oriented book designed for self-study as well as classroom environments, which will also serve you as a reference guide. The book covers all skills that system administrators typically need to posses to administer SUSE Linux Enterprise Server in corporate environments. It starts at the beginning, which makes The Definitive Guide to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 suitable for people without any preliminary Linux knowledge, and yet works up to advanced SUSE Linux administration tasks, such as building a cluster, optimizing performance or managing SUSE Linux Enterprise Server with SUSE Manager. The Definitive Guide to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 is an ideal reference guide for system administrators, but is also perfect as a study book to prepare for the CLA, CLP as well as the CLE exams. This book contains step-by-step exercises, and scenario based exercises at the end of each chapter to help readers getting familiar with the subjects that are required to pass these three exams. The Definitive Guide to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12also contains test exams, so you can use it as a study guide in a formal learning environment or as a book that you can learn and test your own progress as you master SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. You'll learn everything you need to know and the skills you need to manage SUSE Linux Enterprise Servers, from installing a secure server, to performing the day-to-day management tasks on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. Along the way you'll encounter and master SUSE Linux Enterprise Server in a data center environment, how to manage your SUSE Enterprise Server for High Availability, and you'll see how to manage your SUSE Linux Enterprise Server with SUSE Manager. From installation to expert management, The Definitive Guide to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 will show you the ways to succeed with Linux Enterprise Server 12.
Epoxy silsesquioxane resists for UV nanoimprint lithography (2008)

Photopolymerizable epoxy polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane monomers with variable aliphatic spacer have been prepared and cured under UV radiation. Due to their organic/inorganic composition, these materials are promising candidates for microelectronic applications which requires high thermal and mechanical stabilities as well as a low dielectric constant, for example, for the fabrication of electrical interconnects. The authors pointed out by ellipsometric measurements that the use of a sensitizer in addition to the photoinitiator enhances the kinetic of the cationic polymerization of epoxy groups. The polymerization performed either in an EVG770® nanoimprint lithography stepper or under normal atmospheric conditions has been investigated by infrared spectroscopy, delivering information concerning polymerization mechanisms and allowing the optimization of the resin composition. Thermogravimetric analyses have shown that an annealing step is necessary after the UV curing of the resin to eliminate inert residues of the photoinitiator dissociation and thus improving the thermal resistance of the polymer. Finally they have demonstrated that the obtained polymers form interpenetrated networks and that their mechanical properties are retained up to a temperature of 375°C.
An innovations approach to discrete-time detection theory (Corresp.) (1982)

A rapidly convergent approximation to the likelihood ratio for the generic problem of detecting a stationary discrete-time stochastic process in additive white Gaussian noise is formulated. The derivation is based on the innovations approach to detection theory.