gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The category-partition method for specifying and generating functional tests (1988)

A method for creating functional test suites has been developed in which a test engineer analyzes the system specification, writes a series of formal test specifications, and then uses a generator tool to produce test descriptions from which test scripts are written. The advantages of this method are that the tester can easily modify the test specification when necessary, and can control the complexity and number of the tests by annotating the tests specification with constraints.
Presidential Politics and Internet Issues in the 2000 Election (2008)

As with the US election of 2000, the US election of 2008 features two slates and four new faces running for the top offices. While many of the issues concerning the electorate are different in 2008 than in 2000, remarkably some issues are the same. We thought you might be amused at Doug Isenberg's resurrected reflections on the 2000 election. You can see what has changed and what has not.
Differential phosphorylation of neuronal substrates by catalytic subunits of Aplysia cAMP-dependent protein kinase with alternative N termini. (1994)

cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is an important participant in neuronal modulation: the ability of neurons to change their properties in response to external stimuli. In Aplysia mechanosensory neurons, PKA plays roles in both short and long term presynaptic facilitation, which is a simple model for learning and memory. PKA in Aplysia is a collection of structurally and functionally diverse regulatory and catalytic (C) subunits. We have argued that this diversity may in part account for the ability of the enzyme to take part in neuronal events that are spatially and temporally separated. Here, we add credence to this hypothesis by showing that C subunits of Aplysia PKA with alternative N termini target different substrates in subcellular fractions from Aplysia neurons, despite their similar actions on synthetic peptide substrates. Purified recombinant CAPL-AN1A1, which has an N terminus that is homologous to the myristylated sequence described in mammals, catalyzes the formation of two phosphoproteins of 24 and 8 kDa more rapidly than CAPL-AN2A1, which has a distinct N terminus weakly related to that of the yeast TPK1 gene product. The 24-kDa phospoprotein, but not the 8-kDa species, is detected in taxol-stabilized microtubules, suggesting that it is associated with the cytoskeleton. CAPL-AN2A1, in contrast, generates a 55-kDa phosphoprotein that is not observed with CAPL-AN1A1. The 55-kDa species is found in the detergent supernatant of the cytoskeleton fraction. Differential targeting of substrates by C subunits of PKA may therefore contribute to the ability of this kinase to play multiple roles in neuronal modulation.
Ubiquitination of p53 at Multiple Sites in the DNA-Binding Domain (2006)

The tumor suppressor p53 is negatively regulated by the ubiquitin ligase MDM2. The MDM2 recognition site is at the NH2-terminal region of p53, but the positions of the actual ubiquitination acceptor sites are less well defined. Lysine residues at the COOH-terminal region of p53 are implicated as sites for ubiquitination and other post-translational modifications. Unexpectedly, we found that substitution of the COOH-terminal lysine residues did not diminish MDM2-mediated ubiquitination. Ubiquitination was not abolished even after the entire COOH-terminal regulatory region was removed. Using a method involving in vitro proteolytic cleavage at specific sites after ubiquitination, we found that p53 was ubiquitinated at the NH2-terminal portion of the protein. The lysine residue within the transactivation domain is probably not essential for ubiquitination, as substitution with an arginine did not affect MDM2 binding or ubiquitination. In contrast, several conserved lysine residues in the DNA-binding domain are critical for p53 ubiquitination. Removal of the DNA-binding domain reduced ubiquitination and increased the stability of p53. These data provide evidence that in addition to the COOH-terminal residues, p53 may also be ubiquitinated at sites in the DNA-binding domain.
Magnetohydrodynamic effects in nematic liquid crystals (1993)

Abstract The behaviour of a nematic liquid crystal when it is spun about an axis orthogonal to a magnetic field is predicted to be controlled by the critical angular velocity, ωc. For spinning speeds below ωc theory shows that the director makes an increasing angle with the field until at ωc this angle is 45°. Above ωc the director should rotate with an angular velocity slightly less than that of the sample. Observation in both regimes allows ωc to be determined; since it depends on the ratio of the diamagnetic anisotropy to the rotational viscosity coefficient of the nematic, this ratio can be measured. However, an experimental investigation by Eastman et al. [1], suggests that the theoretical relationship between ωc and this ratio may be in error by a factor of about four. We have reanalysed their data in an attempt to check this important claim and have found that there is in fact good agreement between theory and experiment.
Advances in solar cell welding technology (1982)

In addition to developing the rigid substrate welded conventional cell panels for an earlier U.S. flight program, LMSC recently demonstrated a welded lightweight array system using both 2 x 4 and 5.9 x 5.9 cm wraparound solar cells. This weld system uses infrared sensing of weld joint temperature at the cell contact metalization interface to precisely control weld energy on each joint. Modules fabricated using this weld control system survived lowearth-orbit simulated 5-year tests (over 30,000 cycles) without joint failure. The data from these specifically configured modules, printed circuit substrate with copper interconnect and dielectric wraparound solar cells, can be used as a basis for developing weld schedules for additional cell array panel types.
Interference Effect of 3 Hz Brain Stimulation on Kindling Behavior Induced by 60 Hz Stimulation (1980)

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of 3 Hz brain stimulation on kindling behavior induced by 60 Hz sine waves stimulation. In Experiment 1, 12 rats were subjected to 40 or 60 convulsion trials with 60 Hz stimulation and then given 36 trials of 3 Hz stimulation. When these rats were stimulated again with 60 Hz sine wave current at the same brain site, none of the rats showed a convulsion in nine test trials. The intensity of stimulation had to be increased on test trial 10 to elicit convulsions for each rat. Of 10 rats in two control groups, only 1 did not convulse during the nine test trials. In Experiment 2 the effective threshold intensity (ETI) to elicit a convulsion was determined on five separate occasions with 10 days of daily trials between determinations. On each day experimental rats were stimulated with 3 Hz current on the first and third trials and with 60 Hz current on the second trial (3-60-3 group). A steady increase in the intensity required to elicit a convulsion with 60 Hz current from ETI1 to ETI5 resulted. Rats stimulated only with 60 Hz sine waves on the second trial each day (X-60-X grou,) maintained relatively stable values from ETI1 to ETI5. In the four, 10-day blocks of trials, convulsions were suppressed in 20% to 80% of the trials over the 10 day period for the 3-60-3 group, with the greatest effect occurring after about 4 days of stimulation. This suppressive effect was prominent both with rats that were at the convulsion stage prior to the first application of 3 Hz stimulation and with rats that were at preconvulsion stages. In Experiment 3 the permanency of the suppressive effect was evaluated. Eight suppressed rats from the experimental group in Experiment 2 and 4 control rats were stimulated for 90 trials over 30 days with 60 Hz current, and ETI values were determined after each set of six trials. Four of the 8 experimental rats were convulsing at ETI1 within 20 days.
Relationship between Organizational Change and Failure in the Wine Industry: An Event History Analysis (1998)

Whether organizational change is adaptive or disruptive has been an issue among organization researchers. This paper examines the effect of organizational change on organizational failure and compares the result to previous findings. To increase comparability, we replicated Delacroix and Swaminathan’s (1991) format of the California wine industry study using Missouri wine industry data. Event history analysis is used to cover time‐varying variables and censoring problems. Following an organizational ecology perspective, our result supports the finding that organizational change is not related to organizational failure
Analysis and Performance Results of a Molecular Modeling Application on Merrimac (2005)

The Merrimac supercomputer uses stream processors and a high-radix network to achieve high performance at low cost and low power. The stream architecture matches the capabilities of modem semiconductor technology with compute-intensive parallel applications. We present a detailed case study of porting the GROMACS molecular-dynamics force calculation to Merrimac. The characteristics of the architecture which stress locality, parallelism, and decoupling of memory operations and computation, allow for high performance of compiler optimized code. The rich set of hardware memory operations and the ample computation bandwidth of the Merrimac processor present a wide range of algorithmic trade-offs and optimizations which may be generalized to several scientific computing domains. We use a cycle-accurate hardware simulator to analyze the performance bottlenecks of the various implementations and to measure application run-time. A comparison with the highly optimized GROMACS code, tuned for an Intel Pentium 4, confirms Merrimac’s potential to deliver high performance.
Structured architectures for video distribution with externally modulated solid state laser transmitters (2002)

Significant advances in the state-of-the-art of externally modulated Nd:YAG solid state laser transmitters, such as enhancements in optical power and the degree of linearization make such transmitters an increasingly effective alternative for transport, broadcasting distribution, and switching of analog AM-vestigial sideband (VSB) and compressed digital video channels. The new capabilities of the externally modulated YAGLink are presented, and three video transport and distribution architectures enabled by its extended performance are explored, i.e., the star-star-bus, the passive distributed star network, and the balanced supertrunk architectures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transport of drugs by the multidrug transporter AcrB involves an access and a deep binding pocket that are separated by a switch-loop (2012)

AcrAB-TolC is the major efflux protein complex in Escherichia coli extruding a vast variety of antimicrobial agents from the cell. The inner membrane component AcrB is a homotrimer, and it has been postulated that the monomers cycle consecutively through three conformational stages designated loose (L), tight (T), and open (O) in a concerted fashion. Binding of drugs has been shown at a periplasmic deep binding pocket in the T conformation. The initial drug-binding step and transport toward this drug-binding site has been elusive thus far. Here we report high resolution structures (1.9-2.25 Å) of AcrB/designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) complexes with bound minocycline or doxorubicin. In the AcrB/doxorubicin cocrystal structure, binding of three doxorubicin molecules is apparent, with one doxorubicin molecule bound in the deep binding pocket of the T monomer and two doxorubicin molecules in a stacked sandwich arrangement in an access pocket at the lateral periplasmic cleft of the L monomer. This access pocket is separated from the deep binding pocket apparent in the T monomer by a switch-loop. The localization and conformational flexibility of this loop seems to be important for large substrates, because a G616N AcrB variant deficient in macrolide transport exhibits an altered conformation within this loop region. Transport seems to be a stepwise process of initial drug uptake in the access pocket of the L monomer and subsequent accommodation of the drug in the deep binding pocket during the L to T transition to the internal deep binding pocket of the T monomer.
Antineoplastic activity of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its analogue 22-oxacalcitriol against human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines in vitro. (1999)

Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid is uncommon and is associated with a poor prognosis. an effective treatment of this carcinoma has not been found. We have examined the inhibition of promotion by 1, 25(OH)2D3 and its analogue without hypercalcemia, 22-oxacalcitriol (OCT) in the thyroid anaplastic carcinoma cell line. TTA-1, thyroid anaplastic carcinoma cell line, and TAC-1, thyroid anaplastic carcinoma cells. TPC-1,2,3,4, which are all papillary carcinoma of thyroid were used as control. Tumor growth was measured by MTT assay. 1,25(OH)2D3 additive cell growth was observed in diphasic pattern in 3/4 papillary carcinoma cell lines. OCT was more effective, showing dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth in anaplastic carcinoma cell lines, than that in papillary carcinoma cells. Conclusively, OCT might be useful for the inhibition of growth in anaplastic thyroid cancer.
Battery-sourced switched-inductor multiple-output CMOS power-supply systems (2018)

Wireless microsystems add intelligence to larger systems by sensing, processing and transmitting information which can ultimately save energy and resources. Each function has their own power profile and supply level to maximize performance and save energy since they are powered by a small battery. Also, due to its small size, the battery has limited energy and therefore the power-supply system cannot consume much power. Switched-inductor converters are efficient across wide operating conditions but one fundamental challenge is integration because miniaturized dc-dc converters cannot afford to accommodate more than one off-chip power inductor. The objective of this research is to explore, develop, analyze, prototype, test, and evaluate how one switched inductor can derive power from a small battery to supply, regulate, and respond to several independent outputs reliably and accurately. Managing and stabilizing the feedback loops that supply several outputs at different voltages under diverse and dynamic loading conditions with one CMOS chip and one inductor is also challenging. Plus, since a single inductor cannot supply all outputs at once, steady-state ripples and load dumps produce cross-regulation effects that are difficult to manage and suppress. Additionally, as the battery depletes the power-supply system must be able to regulate both buck and boost voltages. The presented system can efficiently generate buck and boost voltages with the fastest response time while having a low silicon area consumption per output in a low-cost technology which can reduce the overall size and cost of the system.
Hyperuricemia and deterioration of renal function in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (2014)

Although hyperuricemia was associated with reduced eGFR, it was not an independent factor for renal progression in ADPKD. However, the correction of hyperuricemia may attenuate renal function decline in some patients with mild renal insufficiency.
Mitigation of Interference From Iridium Satellites by Parametric Estimation and Subtraction (2006)

Radio astronomy is the science of observing the universe at radio frequencies. In recent years, radio astronomy has faced a growing interference problem as radio frequency (RF) bandwidth has become an increasingly scarce commodity. Communication systems such as Earth orbiting communication satellites creates severe interference to the radio telescopes. This thesis proposes an algorithm to mitigate the radio frequency interference (RFI) from the Iridium satellite system. A technique is presented here to detect the downlink signal of Iridium, estimate the parameters of the signal, synthesize the noise-free version of the signal and finally subtract the recreated signal from the radio telescope output. Using both simulated and real data captured by a radio telescope testbed, we demonstrate that for Iridium bursts with 20 dB signal to noise power ratio (SNR), the proposed algorithm achieves more than 15 dB cancellation. The method proposed here can be implemented using present-day digital signal processing hardware and software. A performance analysis of this proposed cancellation scheme in the radio astronomy RFI mitigation regime is presented.
Surface-controlled growth of LaAlO3 thin films by atomic layer epitaxy (2001)

LaAlO3 thin films were deposited by atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) from β-diketonate-type precursors La(thd)3 and Al(acac)3. Ozone was used as an oxygen source. Films were grown on soda lime glass, Si(100), MgO-buffered Si(100), sapphire and SrTiO3(100) substrates. The influence of the La∶Al precursor pulsing ratio on the film growth and quality in the temperature range of 325–400 °C was studied in detail. Stoichiometry and impurity levels were measured using RBS, TOF-ERDA and XPS while the chemical type of carbon impurity was identified by FTIR. XRD and AFM were used to determine crystallinity and surface morphology. The films were transparent and uniform and their thickness could be accurately controlled by the number of deposition cycles. The as-deposited films were amorphous but became crystalline upon annealing at 900 °C. The annealed films grown on Si(100) and MgO(111)-buffered Si(100) substrates had a preferred (110) orientation whereas those grown on MgO(100)-buffered Si(100) substrates showed a preferred (100) orientation. Epitaxial and smooth LaAlO3 thin films were obtained on SrTiO3(100) after annealing at 900 °C, verified by measurement of the X-ray rocking curve of the (200) reflection and the AFM surface roughness. Stoichiometric LaAlO3 films contained <1.9 atom% carbon and about 0.3 atom% hydrogen as impurities.
Noot bij HR 24 april 2009, NJ 2009, 488 (Heilbron / Rensa) (2009)

textabstractOverschrijding van de termijn voor het instellen van hoger beroep of beroep in cassatie leidt tot niet-ontvankelijkheid. Aan beroepstermijnen, zo luidt het devies, wordt strikt de hand gehouden. In dit arrest is de vraag aan de orde of
op deze 'ijzeren regel' een uitzondering moet worden toegestaan wanneer de termijnoverschrijding het gevolg is van een te late betekening van de appeldagvaarding door een fout van de gerechtsdeurwaarder.
Serum adiponectin and resistin levels in major depressive disorder (2009)

Our findings suggest that the lowered adiponectin levels in MDD are depression-specific and not explained by conventional low adiponectin-related factors such as such as coronary heart disease and metabolic disorders.
Measurement of vibrational-vibrational exchange rates for excited vibrational levels (2≤<i>v</i>≤4) in hydrogen fluoride gas (1974)

A measurement of the total decay rate (due to both V-V and V-T processes) of the second, third, and fourth vibrational levels in vibrationally cold hydrogen fluoride gas is described. The measured endothermic rate constants are 8×105, 1.6×106, and 1.4×106 sec−1 · torr−1, respectively. It is argued that the major contribution of each of these decay rates is from the process HF(ν = n)+HF(ν = 0)→ HF(ν = n − 1) + HF(ν = 1) where n = 2,3, and 4. The technique used in these measurements is a novel variation of the method of laser induced fluorescence. It involves exciting the first; first and second; or first, second, and third vibrational levels of HF via multiband laser optical pumping. Collisional population of the level of interest then occurs through the reverse of the above vibrational exchange process. An analysis using rate equations shows that the rise rate of the population of a given level is governed by the forward rate of the above process. It is also shown theoretically and experimentally that in the pressure regime where diffusion is unimportant the decay rate of level ν = n is n times that of ν = 1. This result is shown to be a result of the existence of a vibrational exchange equilibrium at a relatively low vibrational temperature. If the pressure is sufficiently low so that the diffusion time across the original radius of excitation is comparable to the decay time of the population of the nth level, it is found that the decay rate of that level is not n times that of ν = 1. This phenomenon which is termed ``vibrational temperature'' diffusion is given a brief experimental and theoretical description.
Possible use of two laser beams to determine particle-size distribution (1979)

A study was made to determine whether particle-size distributions for small diameter aerosols (radius or = 20 microns) such as fog can be determined by a new technique based on resonantly distorting the liquid drops by an oscillating electric field at the drops' mechanical vibrational frequencies. This field was transmitted by a linearly polarized CO2 laser of intensity 100 W/sq. cm. amplitude modulated at frequencies between 40,000 and 3,000,000 Hz, which correspond to the fundamental vibration frequencies of drops varying in radius from 21.2 to 1.19 microns. An unmodulated, 2-mW He-Ne laser was beamed along the path of the CO2 radiation, and scattering of this light was observed. The intensity of the He-Ne light scattered from the drops at the resonance frequency should be proportional to the density of the drops in the fog that oscillate at that frequency. A sensitive detection system able to measure ac signals with intensities as low as 10 to the -17th power W collected the scattered He-Ne light.
Antimicrobial activity of N,N'-dialkylpolymethylenediamines against some dental plaque bacteria (1989)

Twenty N,N'-dialkylpolymethylendiamine derivatives were synthesized, and a study was made of their antimicrobial activities in vitro against four oral microorganisms which are related to dental caries. The maximum activity was shown by N,N'-dinonyl or N,N'-didecyl derivatives among the complete homologous series of compounds studied.
Widespread spatial integration in primary somatosensory cortex (2008)

Tactile discrimination depends on integration of information from the discrete receptive fields (RFs) of peripheral sensory afferents. Because this information is processed over a hierarchy of subcortical nuclei and cortical areas, the integration likely occurs at multiple levels. The current study presents results indicating that neurons across most of the extent of the hand representation in monkey primary somatosensory cortex (area 3b) interact, even when these neurons have separate RFs. We obtained simultaneous recordings by using a 100-electrode array implanted in the hand representation of primary somatosensory cortex of two anesthetized owl monkeys. During a series of 0.5-s skin indentations with single or dual probes, the distance between electrodes from which neurons with synchronized spike times were recorded exceeded 2 mm. The results provide evidence that stimuli on different parts of the hand influence the degree of synchronous firing among a large population of neurons. Because spike synchrony potentiates the activation of commonly targeted neurons, synchronous neural activity in primary somatosensory cortex can contribute to discrimination of complex tactile stimuli.