gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Adsorption of Ions from Buffer Solutions by Silica, Alumina and Silica-Alumina Gels (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Adsorption of Ions from Buffer Solutions by Silica, Alumina and Silica-Alumina GelsC. J. PlankCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1953, 57, 3, 284–290Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150504a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j150504a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Eggshell thinning, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and mercury in inland aquatic bird eggs, 1969 and 1970. (1973)

In the Upper Great Lakes States, 9 out of 13 species of fish-eating birds were found in 1969-70 to have sustained statistically significant decreases in eggshell thickness since 1946. Heron eggs taken in Louisiana generally displayed a smaller post-46 change than herons in the Middle West. On a lipid basis, mean PCB- and DDE-residue levels exceeded 100 ppm in 7 out of 13 species in the Great Lakes States, and in 2 of 7 species in Louisiana, the average DDE:PCB ratios in the two regions being 1.25:1 and 3.9:1, respectively. Individual dieldrin values tended to be higher in Louisiana (31.6 and 13.95 ppm in heron species from two different locations), although values reached 10.1 and 9.4 ppm in great blue and black-crowned night herons in Wisconsin. BHC averaged 3.01 and 0.39 ppm in the Lake States and Louisiana, respectively. Of eggs examined for mercury, 29% had levels greater than 0.5 ppm, and 9% greater than 1.0 ppm on a wet-weight basis. Mercury levels in a small sample of eggs from Louisiana were consistently low. The differences in mercury levels between the two regions thus were similar to those found for the chlorinated hydrocarbons. While DDE was a prominent factor formore » most groups, especially herons, in relation to the eggshell thinning observed, dieldrin was also important to two groups even though DDE was present in much higher amounts. PCB's were also important to mergansers, while mercury was positively correlated with thickness index in grebes and negatively correlated in mergansers. 33 references, 1 figure, 5 tables.« less
Novel inductive decoupling technique for flexible transceiver arrays of monolithic transmission line resonators (2014)

The presented decoupling technique combines the robustness of conventional overlap decoupling regarding coil loading and operating frequency with the extended field of view of nonoverlapped coils. While demonstrated on four-element arrays, it can be easily expanded to fabricate readily decoupled form-fitting 2D arrays with an arbitrary number of elements in a single etching process.
Development of an octal CMOS ASD for the ATLAS Muon detector (1999)

Development of a CMOS amplifier/shaper/ discriminator for the ATLAS Muon detector is presented.The first phase of this work has resulted in a simplified 4-channel device (ASD-lite) fabricated in HP 0.5m n-well CMOS operating at 3.3 volts.Highly accurate DC models resulted in performance which closely matches SPICE predictions.On-chip crosstalk, a parameter not easily simulated, is measured to be below 0.5%.Results of chip measurements and on-chamber tests will be presented.This device will be used for early testing of ATLAS MDT (Monitored Drift Tube) modules.Further work on the final octal MDT-ASD, which will be fully programmable and include Wilkinson leading edge charge measurement, will be presented.
Task‐Specific Ionic Liquids (2010)

In recent years, ionic liquids have attracted the attention of many chemists as a result of their unique properties as solvents for chemical transformations. The focus of this Minireview is on applications of so-called "task-specific" ionic liquids, whereby the role of the ionic liquid goes beyond that of a solvent. Such ionic liquids find application in a wide range of areas, including catalysis, synthesis, gas absorption, and analysis.
EFFECT OF CONCENTRATED CARBOHYDRATE-ELECTROLYTE GEL ON MODERATE-INTENSITY INTERMITTENT EXERCISE (1999)

886 The researcher compared the effects of a carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE) gel and water ingested 5 min before and after 20 min of moderate-intensity running for 1 hour. Six dependent variables were measured: heart rate (HR), VO2, blood glucose, respiratory exchange ratio (R), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and timed exercise performance. Independent variables were conditions (2), trials (2), and sample times. On 4 days, subjects completed a 60-min training run at 65% of maximal oxygen consumption in 20-min bouts with 3-min rest between bouts. A timed 200-m sprint followed each run. Two trials were completed with each condition. Water was given after 40 and 60 min of exercise for all trials. HR was taken every 5 min during the 60-min intermittent run. Blood samples were taken preexercise, during each 3-min rest, and postsprint. R and VO2 were measured every 20 s. RPE was determined the last 30 s of each 20-min bout. Significant differences (p < .05) existed: (a) in blood glucose levels, which were higher with the gel at preexercise, after 40 min, and postsprint; (b) in blood glucose for the gel condition between preexercise and both 40 min and postsprint; (c) among the times for R and 20 and 60 min for RPE; and (d) between trials, with levels greater for Trial 2 for R and Trial 1 for RPE and sprint time. The ingestion of a gel may enhance glycogen reserves for exercise, although R decreased progressively across time in all trials, indicating a greater reliance on fat utilization. Sprint performance was not improved with supplementation.
Nitroxides: Applications in Chemistry, Biomedicine, and Materials Science (2008)

Fundamentals of Magnetism Molecular Magnetism Fundamentals of Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Recent Advantages in ESR Techniques Used in Nitroxide Applications Preparations, Reactions, and Properties of Functional Nitroxide Radicals Nitroxide Spin Probes for Studies of Molecular Dynamics and Microstructure Nitroxide Redox Probes and Traps, Nitron Spin Traps Nitroxides in Physicochemistry Organic Functional Materials Containing Chiral Nitroxide Radical Units Spin Labeling in Biochemistry and Biophysics Biomedical and Medical Applications of Nitroxides
Pressure regulates osteoclast formation and MCSF expression in marrow culture (1997)

One of the forces generated during skeletal loading is hydrostatic pressure. In the work presented here, the ability of increased pressure to influence recruitment of osteoclasts was evaluated. Murine marrow cultures, with pO2 and pCO2 kept constant, were subjected to either control (1.0 atm) or elevated (1.37 or 2.0 atm) hydrostatic pressure. As compared to control, cultures pressurized for 6 days at 1.37 atm formed less osteoclast-like cells (OCLC) (71 +/- 6% of control, P < 0.0001). A similar degree of inhibition occurred in cultures exposed to pressure during days 2-4 only (62 +/- 6%), while treatment during days 5-7 failed to inhibit the OCLC number relative to control (99 +/- 5%). Delivery of 2.0 atm pressure on days 2-4 generated 52 +/- 4% OCLC compared to control. Since macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF)-dependent proliferation of osteoclast precursors occurs during the pressure-sensitive period, semiquantitative RT-PCR for MCSF mRNA was performed after 3 days in 1.37 atm (days 2-4). As compared to controls, pressure caused a decrease in mRNA coding for the membrane bound form of MCSF (71.2 +/- 4% (n = 25, P < or = 0.05), while the MCSF RT-PCR product representing the secreted form showed no consistent change. This lack of response of the soluble MCSF RT-PCR product was expected, as levels of bioassayable MCSF were not altered by pressure. Extrapolating these data to in vivo conditions suggests that load-bearing will inhibit the formation of osteoclasts.
Using managed runtime systems to tolerate holes in wearable memories (2013)

New memory technologies, such as phase-change memory (PCM), promise denser and cheaper main memory, and are expected to displace DRAM. However, many of them experience permanent failures far more quickly than DRAM. DRAM mechanisms that handle permanent failures rely on very low failure rates and, if directly applied to PCM, are extremely inefficient: Discarding a page when the first line fails wastes 98% of the memory.
Population attributable risk of breast cancer in white women associated with immediately modifiable risk factors (2006)

The relatively feasible lifestyle changes of discontinuing EPRT use, reducing alcohol consumption, increasing physical activity, and lengthening breastfeeding duration could lower population breast cancer incidence substantially.
Distribution of endothelial progenitor cells in mice of COPD after transplantation. (2010)

Objective:To observe the distribution and transformation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in mice model of COPD after intratracheal EPCs transplantation.Methods:Isolated mononuclear cells from C57BL/6J mice bone marrow were cultured in EGM-2MV medium and identified as EPCs.Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control group, COPD+PBS group and COPD+EPCs group (each n=8).All groups except the control group which was sham-smoked were exposed pas-sively to cigarette smoke (CS) for continuous 90 days).After CS exposure finished, mice in COPD+PBS group and COPD+EPCs group were treated with 30 μL PBS and 30 μL cell suspension (containing 105 EPCs) respectively.Then we detected the distribution and the expression of Pan-cytokeratin of EPCs in lung tissues 30 days after transplantation.Results:After transplantation, we detected EPCs in lung vascular system and air way.With the staining of Pan-cytokeratin, we observed some EPCs expressed Pan-cytokeratin which was a specific marker of lung epithelial cells.Conclusion:EPCs could be located in lung vessels and the air ways and transformed into bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells in mice with COPD after intratracheal transplantation.
New Integrated proof Method on Iterated Hash Structure and New Structures. (2006)

A secure hash structure in Random Oracle Model may not be a secure model in true design. In this paper, we give an integrated proof method on security proof of iterated hash structure. Based on the proof method, we can distinguish the security of Merkel-Damagård structure, wide-pipe hash, double-pipe hash and 3c hash and know the requirement of true design on compression function, and give a new recommend structure. At last, we give new hash structure, MAC structure, encryption model, which use same block cipher round function and key schedule algorithm, the security proofs on those structures are given.
Osmotic Regulation of Invertase Formation and Secretion by Protoplasts of <i>Saccharomyces</i> (1971)

Osmotic regulation of invertase formation and secretion by protoplasts of Saccharomyces was examined using sorbitol, KCl, NaCl, or magnesium sulfate as the osmotic support. The synthesis and secretion of the enzyme is remarkably sensitive to the osmolarity of the supporting medium irrespective of the particular support employed. Invertase formation was inhibited at high osmolarity and was maximal at 0.65 to 0.75 osmolal, even though some leakage of the intracellular enzyme alpha-glucosidase and of ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing materials occurred under these conditions. The reduction of invertase formation and secretion due to high osmolarity was eliminated promptly when protoplasts were transferred into a medium of lower osmolarity. The rate of fructose uptake and of threonine incorporation into protein was decreased by high osmolarity; also reduction of invertase formation could be partially reversed by increasing the level of sugar supplied as energy source. Thus changes in the permeability of the plasma membrane (and presumably also in its structure) are important factors in the response of protoplasts to high osmolarity, though certainly not the complete explanation. Protoplasts suspended in 0.8 m sorbitol, with 10mm fructose as the energy source, increased their invertase level 5- to 10-fold during a 2-hr incubation without substantial release of alpha-glucosidase or UV-absorbing materials. Both the large and small forms of invertase were present in the protoplasts, but only the large form was released into the medium when enzyme was being actively synthesized. Formation and secretion of newly formed invertase and the release of enzyme initially present were inhibited by cycloheximide.
A trust-based multipath routing framework for Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (2010)

In a Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET), nodes are self-organized and have to cooperate for routing in absence of fixed infrastructure. Two nodes beyond the direct communication range need intermediate nodes to forward their packets. Working in an open environment, MANETs are vulnerable to attacks by malicious nodes. A trust-based on-demand routing framework is given to decrease the hazards from malicious nodes. In the framework, weighted forwarding ratios are used to compute node trust and a discount rule is employed to compute path trust. Furthermore, adopting the trust model, we propose a reactive routing protocol to find multiple trusted paths in one route discovery, which meet the dependable or trust requirements of data packets. The framework provides a feasible approach to choose a shortest path in all trusted paths. Experimental results show that the trust-based routing protocol is able to achieve an improvement in packet delivery ratios.
Characterization of an antifungal glycolipid secreted by the yeast (2004)

An antifungal glycolipid was purified from the culture liquid of the ustilaginomycetous yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili by column and thin-layer chromatography. According to nuclear magnetic resonance and mass-spectroscopy experiments it was a cellobioside containing 2,15,16-trihydroxypalmitic acid as an aglycon. The minimal effective concentrations leading to ATP leakage and growth inhibition were 45 and 160 microg ml(-1) for Cryptococcus terreus and Candida albicans, respectively.
A Review of State-of-the-Art Separator Materials for Advanced Lithium-Based Batteries for Future Aerospace Missions (2009)

As NASA embarks on a renewed human presence in space, safe, human-rated, electrical energy storage and power generation technologies, which will be capable of demonstrating reliable performance in a variety of unique mission environments, will be required. To address the future performance and safety requirements for the energy storage technologies that will enhance and enable future NASA Constellation Program elements and other future aerospace missions, advanced rechargeable, lithium-ion battery technology development is being pursued with an emphasis on addressing performance technology gaps between state-of-the-art capabilities and critical future mission requirements. The material attributes and related performance of a lithium-ion cell's internal separator component are critical for achieving overall optimal performance, safety and reliability. This review provides an overview of the general types, material properties and the performance and safety characteristics of current separator materials employed in lithium-ion batteries, such as those materials that are being assessed and developed for future aerospace missions.
Electron Energy States of InAs/GaAs Quantum Ring Array (2005)

Planar array of InAs/GaAs semiconductor quantum rings is studied under the single sub-band approach with the energy dependent effective mass. Periodic boundary conditions for the electron wave function are used for the quantum ring array modeling. The 3D nonlinear problem of the confined energy is solved numerically by the finite element method. Mutual influence of the QR’s in array is considered by variation of the unit cell range. The results of modeling of the quantum ring electron states are compared with calculations of the other authors, and experimental data.
El marcador discursivo "hombre" y su tratamiento en el aula de ELE (2008)

El objetivo de este articulo es llevar a cabo un analisis del marcador discursivo hombre en espanol actual, asi como proponer un posible tratamiento didactico en la ensenanza-aprendizaje de espanol lengua extranjera. Los marcadores discursivos ayudan a los hablantes en su tarea de construir e interpretar adecuadamente los mensajes con el menor esfuerzo posible y la habilidad en su manejo constituye un indicador evidente del dominio de una segunda lengua. A pesar de ello, este tipo de elementos ha recibido escasa atencion en la ensenanza-aprendizaje de ELE. Actualmente parece haberse superado la falsa creencia de que la adquisicion de estas formas se produce de manera natural mediante la simple exposicion a la lengua, sin embargo, aun no disponemos de materiales suficientes para realizar un aprendizaje explicito dentro del aula. Nuestro trabajo consistira en ofrecer una definicion y clasificacion del marcador hombre, dentro de los estructuradores conversacionales, como enfocador de la alteridad. Por ultimo, realizaremos una propuesta de actividades didacticas basadas en conversaciones que muestren los matices comunicativos aportados por este marcador.
Carbonylation of formaldehyde over ion exchange resin catalysts. 1. Batch reactor studies (1993)

Methyl glycolate was synthesized as a precursor to ethylene glycol from the catalytic carbonylation of formaldehyde followed by esterification with methanol. Various cation exchange polystyrene-sulfonic acid resins showed excellent activity and methyl glycolate selectivity. The perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin Nafion-H showed higher activity per proton site, yet was less effective per weight of the catalyst. The effects of process variables such as pressure, temperature, catalyst loading, and solvent were studied. High CO pressures were required to promote formaldehyde carbonylation relative to side reactions between formaldehyde. The presence of water reduced the reaction rate, yet improved the selectivity to methyl glycolate. 1,4-Dioxane was found to be the best solvent in the presence of water. At 135-degrees-C, 3500 psig, and reactant mole ratio of HCHO:H2O:H+ = 10:10:1, complete conversion of formaldehyde was achieved in 2-4 h with selectivities of methyl glycolate better than 80%. Catalysts did not show any significant deterioration in performance in repeated use up to 10 batches
Design and fabrication of a continuous membrane deformable mirror (2003)

Adaptive optics systems are used to maintain an optical system at its optimum performance through real time corrections of a wavefront. Deformable mirrors have traditionally been relatively large, expensive devices, suitable for systems such as large telescopes. The objective of the present work is to expand the range of systems that can employ adaptive optics by developing a small, low-cost MEMS deformable mirror. This deformable mirror uses a continuous membrane and has 61 actuators arranged in to approximate a circular pattern. Each actuator has an associated spring suspension, allowing it to push as well as pull on the membrane, producing locally convex or concave curvature. The folded springs are positioned so as to maximize the lateral stability. Maximum actuator displacement is six microns at less than 200 volts. The actuator resonant frequency, is greater than 10 kHz, allowing high-frequency updates of the mirror shape. To operate at high speed, the device must be sealed in a low-pressure environment. Each microactuator uses a vertical comb drive to achieve large travel at a reasonable voltage. The continuous membranes are made of silicon or silicon nitride. Both the actuator and membrane are fabricated with bulk micromachine process technologies. The design targets laser based communication specifications and medical imaging applications.
Audio-Haptic Feedback in Speech Processing (2007)

The main goal of the paper is to achieve better human communication and interaction during conversation process by using a supervising of emotional states and improving voice quality. Therefore, the proposed approach should be also very helpful in the case of vocal tract illness for monitoring of treatment process. Since haptic feedback can nowadays operate by using different sense of touch, like kinesthetic, tactile, cutaneous or force feedback, then such feelings can be also helpful directly in medical treatments as the supplementary method.
Present and Prospective Technologies of Rotary Engine (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The latest rotary engine in production features a substantial improvement in power output, fuel economy, quietness. This was made possible by use of a number of new technologies including a refined dynamic effect intake system, a twin-scroll turbocharger, improved gas seal elements, and a thermo-controlled rotor cooling system.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Research is continuing to draw out more potential of the rotary engine. Currently being developed are such techniques as pumping loss reduction by connecting two working chambers, timed induction with supercharge (TISC) and three-rotor rotary engine. These techniques take advantage of structural merits of the rotary engine.</div>
A Role for Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Perpetuating Radiation-Induced Genomic Instability (2006)

Radiation-induced genomic instability (RIGI) manifests as a heritable increased rate of genetic alterations in the progeny of irradiated cells generations after the initial insult. The progeny can show an increased frequency of chromosomal translocations, deletions, mutations, micronuclei, and decreased plating efficiency. What perpetuates RIGI is unclear; however, persistently increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are frequently associated with genomically unstable clones. Furthermore, addition of free radical scavengers (e.g., DMSO, glycerol, and cationic thiol cysteamine) reduces the incidence of instability after irradiation, implicating a ROS-mediated role in RIGI induction. Because mitochondria are a major natural cellular source of ROS, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction has a role in maintaining the elevated ROS levels in our irradiated, genetically unstable GM10115 Chinese hamster ovary cells. Amplex Red fluorometry measurements indicate that the relative contribution of uncoupler-sensitive mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production to total cellular hydrogen peroxide generation is greater in unstable cells. Measurements of mitochondrial DNA levels and cell cytometric fluorescent measurements of Mitotracker Green FM indicate that differences in mitochondrial ROS production are not due to varying mitochondrial levels. However, mitochondrial respiration measured in digitonin-permeabilized cells is impaired in unstable clones. In addition, manganese superoxide dismutase, a major mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, exhibits increased immunoreactivity but decreased enzyme activity in unstable clones, which along with decreased respiration rates may explain the increased levels of cellular ROS. These studies show that mitochondria from unstable cells are abnormal and likely contribute to the persistent oxidative stress in the unstable clones.