gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of Pharmaceutical Proteins in Solanaceae Food Crops (2013)

The benefits of increased safety and cost-effectiveness make vegetable crops appropriate systems for the production and delivery of pharmaceutical proteins. In particular, Solanaceae edible crops could be inexpensive biofactories for oral vaccines and other pharmaceutical proteins that can be ingested as minimally processed extracts or as partially purified products. The field of crop plant biotechnology is advancing rapidly due to novel developments in genetic and genomic tools being made available today for the scientific community. In this review, we briefly summarize data now available regarding genomic resources for the Solanaceae family. In addition, we describe novel strategies developed for the expression of foreign proteins in vegetable crops and the utilization of these techniques to manufacture pharmaceutical proteins.
Image Segmentation Based on Oscillatory Correlation (1997)

We study the image segmentation on the basis of locally excitatory, globally inhibitory oscillator networks (LEGION), whereby the phases of oscillators encode the binding of pixels. We introduce a lateral potential for each oscillators so that only oscillators with strong connections from their neighborhood can develop high potentials. Based on the concept of the lateral potential, a solution to remove noisy regions in an image is proposed for LEGION, so that it suppresses the oscillators corresponding to noisy regions but without affecting those corresponding to major regions. We show that the resulting oscillator network separates an image into several major regions, plus a background consisting of all noisy regions, and we illustrate network properties by computer stimulation. The network exhibits a natural capacity in segmenting images. The oscillatory dynamics leads to a computer algorithm, which is applied successfully to segmenting real gray-level images. A number of issues regarding biological plausibility and perceptual organization are discussed. We argue that LEGION provides a novel and effective framework for image segmentation and figure-ground segregation.
The Significance of Subclinical Rejection and the Value of Protocol Biopsies (2006)

Subclinical rejection (SCR) is diagnosed by protocol histology with a maximal prevalence occurring early after transplantation, falling to low levels by 1 year. Needle-core biopsy is safe, and the histology obtained fairly reflects subclinical immune activity. Several studies have consistently shown that SCR is associated with chronic tubulointerstitial damage, subsequent renal dysfunction and reduced graft survival. SCR is effectively treated by pulse corticosteroid therapy, although increased baseline immunosuppression may be necessary. A single randomized clinical trial of biopsy and corticosteroid therapy demonstrated significantly improved early structural and functional outcomes, and a (nonsignificant) 17% risk reduction in 4-year graft survival. Three possible approaches include: no protocol biopsies (usually accompanied by powerful immunosuppression); biopsies only in high-risk recipients (who may be difficult to reliably predict) or universal screening protocol biopsy (comprehensive but limited by cost and resource utilization). The appropriate screening methodology for a transplant unit is both a clinical and an economic decision; influenced by the SCR prevalence and potential gains of treatment, against costs and resource utilization. Further trials to quantify the cost-benefit balance in a typical, heterogeneous recipient population using modern immunosuppression are required.
Soil Water Repellency Development in Amended Sand Rootzones (2009)

ABSTRACT Particulate organic matter (OM) and surface area–limited sands are associated with soil water repellency (SWR) in turfgrass systems. The increasing ubiquity of amended sand rootzones warrants investigation of factors contributing to SWR. Our objective was to identify how amendment type and/or inclusion rate affect rootzone SWR over a range of irrigation regimes. A U.S. Golf Association–specified sand was amended with dried turfgrass roots and either sphagnum peat moss (SPM), reed sedge peat (RSP), biosolid compost (BSC), or calcined clay (CC) at 0, 0.1, or 0.2 m 3 m −3 Mixes were saturated, gravitationally drained, incubated under isothermal ventilation having mean vapor pressures of 1.78, 2.19, or 2.45 kPa, and reirrigated when matric tension exceeded 300 kPa. After 138 d, rootzone subsamples were eluted of particulate OM before measuring mineral‐adsorbed hydrocarbon content (MAHC) by infrared spectroscopy. The repellency index was used to quantify SWR of intact (R intact ) and eluted (R eluted ) samples. Amendment rate (0.2 > 0.1 > 0 m 3 m −3 ) and type (BSC > RSP = SPM > CC) significantly affected R intact Only CC‐amended rootzones were more wettable than the control. Severely elevated R eluted and MAHC were observed in all sands amended by BSC. Inclusion of SPM or RSP at 0.1 m 3 m −3 resulted in R eluted and MAHC values statistically equivalent to the control rootzone. At 0.2 m 3 m −3 inclusion, all organic amendments significantly increased R eluted and MAHC relative to the control (BSC > RSP = SPM).
Influence of film wrapping and UV irradiation on cactus pear quality after storage (1997)

'Gialla' cultivar (cv) cactus pear fruit were either exposed or not to ultraviolet light (UV-C at 254 nm) and packaged or not with a polyolefinic film before cold storage for 1 month at 9°C plus 1 week of simulated shelf life conditions at 20°C (SL). UV exposure did not affect fruit weight loss, while wrapping significantly reduced these losses to a quarter after cold storage and a tenth at the end of SL, with respect to unpackaged fruit. The overall visual rating of fruit appearance was higher in all the packaged fruit, while those unwrapped were affected by extensive skin shrinkage at the end of both the storage and SL periods. Skin damage, attributed to chilling injury and UV exposure, was higher in unwrapped fruits, in which the onset of these was significantly reduced even when the fruit was subjected to UV. The percentage decay was reduced neither by UV exposure nor by wrapping and reached values of about 10% at the end of SL In all cases. Internal quality attributes and fruit taste were neither affected by wrapping nor by UV application. Wrapping the fruit with polyolefinic film had a beneficial effect in preserving fruit freshness and colour brightness, which were lost in unwrapped fruit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection by Enzyme Immunoassay of Serum Immunoglobulin G Antibodies That Recognize Specific <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Antigens (1999)

Human infection with Cryptosporidium parvum usually elicits characteristic immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM antibody responses against two sporozoite surface antigens with apparent molecular masses of approximately 27 and 17 kDa. We have determined that these two antigens are actually complex families of related antigens. We have developed two new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection and quantitation of serum IgG antibodies against both antigens. The assays utilize a recombinant form of the 27-kDa antigen and a partially purified native fraction isolated from sonicated whole oocysts that contains 17-kDa antigen. An immunoblot assay previously developed in our laboratory served as the reference, or "gold standard," seroassay for the assessment of the new ELISAs. Positive responses with the recombinant-27-kDa-antigen ELISA were correlated with the immunoblot results for the 27-kDa antigen, with a sensitivity and specificity of 90 and 92%, respectively. Similarly, positive responses with the partially purified native-17-kDa-antigen ELISA correlated with the immunoblot results for the 17-kDa antigen, with a sensitivity and specificity of 90 and 94%, respectively. For both ELISAs the median IgG antibody levels for serum sets collected during outbreaks of waterborne C. parvum infection were at least 2.5-fold higher than the levels determined for a nonoutbreak set. Using the immunoblot as the "gold standard," the new ELISAs were more specific and, in the case of the 27-kDa-antigen ELISA, more sensitive than the crude oocyst antigen ELISA currently in use. These assays will be useful in future epidemiologic studies.
Mutagenesis at Two Distinct Phosphate-Binding Sites Unravels Their Differential Roles in Regulation of Rubisco Activation and Catalysis (2005)

Orthophosphate (P(i)) has two antagonistic effects on ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), stimulation of activation and inhibition of catalysis by competition with the substrate RuBP. The enzyme binds P(i) at three distinct sites, two within the catalytic site (where 1P and 5P of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate [RuBP] bind), and the third at the latch site (a positively charged pocket involved in active-site closure during catalysis). We examined the role of the latch and 5P sites in regulation of Rubisco activation and catalysis by introducing specific mutations in the enzyme of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. Whereas mutations at both sites abolished the P(i)-stimulated Rubisco activation, substitution of residues at the 5P site, but not at the latch site, affected the P(i) inhibition of Rubisco catalysis. Although some of these mutations substantially reduced the catalytic turnover of Rubisco and increased the K(m)(RuBP), they had little to moderate effect on the rate of photosynthesis and no effect on photoautotrophic growth. These findings suggest that in cyanobacteria, Rubisco does not limit photosynthesis to the extent previously estimated. These results indicate that both the latch and 5P sites participate in regulation of Rubisco activation, whereas P(i) binding only at the 5P site inhibits catalysis in a competitive manner.
Introgression of Two Broad-Spectrum Late Blight Resistance Genes, Rpi-Blb1 and Rpi-Blb3, From Solanum bulbocastanum Dun Plus Race-Specific R Genes Into Potato Pre-breeding Lines (2020)

There is a wealth of resistance genes in the Mexican wild relative of cultivated <i>Solanum</i>, but very few of these species are sexually compatible with cultivated <i>Solanum tuberosum.</i> The most devastating disease of potato is late blight caused by the oomycete <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> (<i>Pi</i>). The wild hexaploid species <i>S. demissum</i>, which it is able to cross with potato, was used to transfer eleven race-specific genes by introgressive hybridization that were subsequently widely used in potato breeding. However, there are now more virulent races of <i>Pi</i> that can overcome all of these genes. The most sustainable strategy for protecting potatoes from late blight is to pyramid or stack broad-spectrum resistance genes into the cultivars. Recently four broad-spectrum genes (<i>Rpi</i>) conferring resistance to <i>Pi</i> were identified and cloned from the sexually incompatible species <i>S. bulbocastanum</i>: <i>Rpi-blb1</i> (RB), <i>Rpi-blb</i>2, <i>Rpi-blb</i>3, and <i>Rpi-bt1</i>. For this research, a resistant <i>S. bulbocastanum</i> accession was selected carrying the genes <i>Rpi-blb1</i> and <i>Rpi-blb3</i> together with race-specific <i>R3a</i> and <i>R3b</i> genes. This accession was previously used to produce a large number of somatic hybrids (SHs) with five commercial potato cultivars using protoplast electrofusion. In this study, three SHs with cv. 'Delikat' were selected and backcross generations (i.e., BC<sub>1</sub> and BC<sub>2</sub>) were obtained using cvs. 'Baltica', 'Quarta', 'Romanze', and 'Sarpo Mira'. Their assessment using gene-specific markers demonstrates that these genes are present in the SHs and their BC progenies. We identified plants carrying all four genes that were resistant to foliage blight in greenhouse and field trials. Functionality of the genes was shown by using agro-infiltration with the effectors of corresponding <i>Avr</i> genes. For a number of hybrids and BC clones yield and tuber number were not significantly different from that of the parent cultivar 'Delikat' in field trials. The evaluation of agronomic traits of selected BC<sub>2</sub> clones and of their processing qualities revealed valuable material for breeding late blight durable resistant potato. We show that the combination of somatic hybridization with the additional use of gene specific markers and corresponding <i>Avr</i> effectors is an efficient approach for the successful identification and introgression of late blight resistance genes into the potato gene pool.
Electron spin echo studies of solvation structure (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron spin echo studies of solvation structureLarry KevanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 12, 1628–1636Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150612a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j150612a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Improved low frequency and microwave dielectric response in strontium titanate thin films grown by pulsed laser ablation (1998)

We have grown epitaxial strontium titanate films on lanthanum aluminate substrates at a range of oxygen pressures and substrate temperatures. The complex dielectric function was measured as a function of temperature and electric field bias using a microwave ring resonator and a flip-chip technique. The films having the highest dielectric constant were grown with an oxygen pressure of 600 mTorr and showed large grains in the plane of the film. The small-signal dielectric constant of these films could be changed by a factor of 4 by applying an electric field. The films with the highest dielectric constant showed increased losses, but an improved figure of merit for application to tunable circuits.
Nitroxide-doped liposomes containing entrapped oxidant: an approach to the "reduction problem" of nitroxides as MRI contrast agents. (1985)

The purpose of this investigation is to test the feasibility of a nitroxide regeneration system involving liposomes as an approach toward solving the reduction problem when nitroxides are used as contrast enhancing agents in MRI applications. It is shown that the inclusion of an entrapped oxidant (K3Fe(CN)6) in the aqueous compartment of nitroxide-doped liposomes causes a 4-5-fold increase in the duration of the nitroxide ESR signal in the presence of the external reductant sodium ascorbate. Confirmation was obtained by monitoring the concentration of the internalized Fe(CN)6(3-) ion versus time by visible spectroscopy at 410 nm. Trans bilayer (flip-flop) motion of the long chain nitroxide ester is the likely mechanism of this nitroxide regeneration system.
ADVANCED MEMORIES TO OVERCOME THE FLASH MEMORY WEAKNESSES: A RADIATION VIEWPOINT RELIABILITY STUDY (2010)

Currently the large majority of commercial Flash memories are based on the floating gate MOSFET. Over the last years, the continuous scaling of nonvolatile memories has pushed the Flash technology toward its limits, which affect both the functionality and the reliability of the memory cell. Several alternatives are currently being explored as possible replacements for floating gate memories (FGM). On one hand there are the ferroelectric memories, the phase change memories, and the magnetoresistive memories, which follow a completely new approach, integrating new materials, such as ferroelectrics, chalcogenides, and ferromagnetics. On the other hand, several efforts are being investigated to improve the scalability and the reliability of the FGM technology, by adopting the discrete storage approach. The discrete storage concept consists in replacing the monolithic floating gate of the conventional Flash with a layer of many discrete storage nodes. NROMTM, SONOS, and nanocrystal memories are some examples of this novel concept. This thesis analyzes the reliability of three types of advanced nonvolatile memories (nanocrystal, phase-change, and ferroelectric memories) from a radiation tolerance viewpoint. The main results highlight that these new memory concepts bring significant improvement over the conventional floating-gate based memories.
Immunogenetics of collagen induced arthritis in mice: a model for human polyarthritis. (1993)

Collagen induced arthritis is an experimental animal model of inflammatory polyarthropathy that has many features of human rheumatoid arthritis. Type II collagen is the major matrix protein of hyaline cartilage and is a sequestered protein which can be presented as an autoantigen under certain conditions. To induce CIA, type II collagen is injected intradermally with complete Freund's adjuvant. Susceptibility to CIA is dependent on the presence of the trimolecular complex: 1) the arthritogenic epitope on the type II collagen; 2) a class II MHC molecule on the accessory cell presenting the arthritogenic epitope; and 3) T cells expressing specific V beta chains in their TCRs. Complement and other non-MHC background genes also may play a role in susceptibility to CIA. Both cell mediated and humoral immunity are involved in the pathogenesis of CIA. To date immunotherapies that have modulated CIA include use of anti-class Ii antibodies, anti-lymphokines, and monoclonal antibodies directed against specific cellular markers. All of these therapies are able to modulate disease to some extent but lack the specificity and efficacy to make them practical for widespread use in human disease. Most promising, is the use of monoclonal antibodies directed against specific V beta TCR subsets. This is potentially a very specific and effective therapy because it will affect only the cells involved in disease while leaving the host otherwise immunocompetent. Therapies on the horizon include the use of synthetic peptides with sequences homologous to various regions on the TCR, immunotoxins, and superantigens to modulate the immune response and ameliorate disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Distributed optical fiber sensing: Review and perspective (2019)

Over the past few decades, optical fibers have been widely deployed to implement various applications in high-speed long-distance telecommunication, optical imaging, ultrafast lasers, and optical sensors. Distributed optical fiber sensors characterized by spatially resolved measurements along a single continuous strand of optical fiber have undergone significant improvements in underlying technologies and application scenarios, representing the highest state of the art in optical sensing. This work is focused on a review of three types of distributed optical fiber sensors which are based on Rayleigh, Brillouin, and Raman scattering, and use various demodulation schemes, including optical time-domain reflectometry, optical frequency-domain reflectometry, and related schemes. Recent developments of various distributed optical fiber sensors to provide simultaneous measurements of multiple parameters are analyzed based on their sensing performance, revealing an inherent trade-off between performance parameters such as sensing range, spatial resolution, and sensing resolution. This review highlights the latest progress in distributed optical fiber sensors with an emphasis on energy applications such as energy infrastructure monitoring, power generation system monitoring, oil and gas pipeline monitoring, and geothermal process monitoring. This review aims to clarify challenges and limitations of distributed optical fiber sensors with the goal of providing a pathway to push the limits in distributed optical fiber sensing for practical applications.
Opportunities and Challenges of Software-Defined Mobile Networks in Network Security (2016)

Software-defined mobile network (SDMN) architecture integrates software-defined networks, network functions virtualization, and cloud computing principles in mobile networking environments to transform rigid and disparate legacy mobile networks into scalable and dynamic ecosystems. However, because SDMN architecture separates the control and data planes, it will significantly change the way security is managed and applied for mobile networks. In this article, the authors discuss the security challenges, vulnerabilities, and opportunities that need to be investigated and addressed for future SDMNs. It also highlights how common security threats in IP networks such as the Internet are now applicable in new open and IP-based SDMNs.
Protective Effect of a Mitochondria-Targeted Peptide against the Development of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Mice (2018)

Several chemotherapeutic agents used for cancer treatment induce dose-limiting peripheral neuropathy that compromises patients' quality of life and limits cancer treatment. Recently, mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be involved in the mechanism of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. SS-20 is a mitochondria-targeted peptide that promotes mitochondrial respiration and restores mitochondrial bioenergetics. In the present study, we examined the protective effect of SS-20 against the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy utilizing a murine model of peripheral neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin, a first-line chemotherapy agent for colon cancer. Weekly administrations of oxaliplatin induced peripheral neuropathy as demonstrated by the development of neuropathic pain and loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers in the hind paw. Continuous administration of SS-20 protected against the development of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain and mitigated the loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers to normal levels. Our findings suggest that SS-20 may be a drug candidate for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Carbon Dioxide Snow Cleaning (2007)

As a powerful new tool for precision surface cleaning, CO2 snow cleaning involves the formation and acceleration of small dry ice crystals onto a surface. The resulting physical and chemical interactions lead to particle and organic contamination removal. CO2 snow cleaning has proved to be an effective surface cleaning process in many areas. Furthermore, it is a residue-free and nondestructive cleaning method. Particle removal has been observed for sizes ranging from visible to less than 40 nanometers; organic contamination removal matches that of commercial solvents to reagent grade solvents. In this article, CO2 snow cleaning is reviewed with emphasis on thermodynamics, cleaning mechanisms, cleaning parameters, equipment, and applications.