gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peri fluoro steric effects: syntheses and comparative acid-catalyzed isomerization of the 8-, 9-, and 11-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracenes to exo methylene tautomers (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeri fluoro steric effects: syntheses and comparative acid-catalyzed isomerization of the 8-, 9-, and 11-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracenes to exo methylene tautomersDonald T. Witiak, Shyamaprosad Goswami, and George E. MiloCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 2, 345–352Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00237a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00237a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views485Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Age at Onset of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (1982)

We compared the features of 45 infants with early-onset necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (in the first ten days of life) and 41 infants with late-onset NEC (after the tenth day of life); all weighed 1,500 g or less at birth. Infants with late-onset NEC were smaller at birth and had younger gestational ages than infants with early-onset illness. No significant differences between the two groups, however, were found in sex or race distribution, mean one- and five-minute Apgar scores, or in the relative frequency of occurrence of 30 maternal and neonatal risk factors. Intravenous alimentation was administered significantly more frequently to infants with late-onset NEC. Birth weight-specific weekly attack rates for NEC declined dramatically when infants reached the equivalent of 35 to 36 weeks' gestational age. We hypothesize that the timing of noxious events in relation to gut maturity may explain these observations.
Translational Mini-Review Series on Vaccines for HIV: Harnessing innate immunity for HIV vaccine development (2009)

Innate immunity is critical for shaping vaccine-elicited adaptive immune responses. Several classes of immune sensors, including Toll-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors and cytosolic DNA receptors mediate important innate immune pathways and provide potential targets for novel adjuvant development. Understanding how innate immunity modulates adaptive immune responses will probably be important for optimizing vaccine candidates. Here, we review recent advances in innate immunity, focusing upon their potential applications in developing adjuvants and vectors for HIV vaccines.
Automatic image annotation using group sparsity (2010)

Automatically assigning relevant text keywords to images is an important problem. Many algorithms have been proposed in the past decade and achieved good performance. Efforts have focused upon model representations of keywords, but properties of features have not been well investigated. In most cases, a group of features is preselected, yet important feature properties are not well used to select features. In this paper, we introduce a regularization based feature selection algorithm to leverage both the sparsity and clustering properties of features, and incorporate it into the image annotation task. A novel approach is also proposed to iteratively obtain similar and dissimilar pairs from both the keyword similarity and the relevance feedback. Thus keyword similarity is modeled in the annotation framework. Numerous experiments are designed to compare the performance between features, feature combinations and regularization based feature selection methods applied on the image annotation task, which gives insight into the properties of features in the image annotation task. The experimental results demonstrate that the group sparsity based method is more accurate and stable than others.
Terahertz circular Airy vortex beams (2017)

Vortex beams have received considerable research interests both in optical and millimeter-wave domain since its potential to be utilized in the wireless communications and novel imaging systems. Many well-known optical beams have been demonstrated to carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), such as Laguerre-Gaussian beams and high-order Bessel beams. Recently, the radially symmetric Airy beams that exhibit an abruptly autofocusing feature are also demonstrated to be capable of carrying OAM in the optical domain. However, due to the lack of efficient devices to manipulate terahertz (THz) beams, it could be a challenge to demonstrate the radially symmetric Airy beams in the THz domain. Here we demonstrate the THz circular Airy vortex beams (CAVBs) with a 0.3-THz continuous wave through 3D printing technology. Assisted by the rapidly 3D-printed phase plates, individual OAM states with topological charge l ranging from l = 0 to l = 3 and a multiplexed OAM state are successfully imposed into the radially symmetric Airy beams. We both numerically and experimentally investigate the propagation dynamics of the generated THz CAVBs, and the simulations agree well with the observations.
A Method of Analysis of Symmetrical Four-Port Networks (1956)

An analysis of four-arm symmetrical networks such as a branched directional double stub coupler or the hybrid ring (rat race) is presented. The input wave is broken into an even and an odd mode and the vector amplitude out the various arms is computed from the sums or differences of the reflection or transmission coefficients for the two modes. A zero decibel directional coupler is described and its possible use as a duplexer is proposed. The design of multiple stub directional couplers for any degree of coupling is discussed. A method of computing the bandwidth of all these couplers is outlined, and the bandwidth curves, the power out the various arms with respect to frequency of the zero decibel coupler, are computed. A tabulation is made for six different 3 db couplers (even-power split) and their standing wave ratio, evenness of power split and isolation of the fourth arm as a function of frequency assuming perfect performance at the band center.
Master-Slave Manipulator Performance for Various Dynamic Characteristics and Positioning Task Parameters (1980)

©1980 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.
Comparison of labeled propanediol and urea as markers of lung vascular injury (1987)

The purpose of these studies was a comparison of [14C]urea (U) and 1,3-[14C]propanediol (Pr) as measures of lung vascular permeability-surface area (PS) under base-line conditions and after lung injury caused by alloxan infusion in isolated perfused dog lungs. Indicator mixtures of 125I-albumin, 51Cr-red blood cells, 3HOH, and U or Pr were injected under base-line conditions, after 1.2 g of alloxan, and after an additional 0.8 g of alloxan. Indicator-dilution curves were analyzed from sampled outflow blood to provide PS, the square root of effective extravascular diffusivity multiplied by exchange surface area (D1/2S), and extravascular lung water (EVLW) from the tracer mean transit times (VW). Results show that alloxan increases PS and D1/2S for U, D1/2S for Pr, and VW and EVLW by desiccation. All indicator-dilution parameters correlate significantly with alloxan dose. Interpretation of Pr transport suggests that materials with lipid and hydrophilic pathways might be used in conjunction with U to minimize the effects of surface area changes and increase the sensitivity of these tracers to permeability alteration. In addition Pr may be a useful alternative to U as a marker of vascular damage.
The 3,4-dihydroxyl groups are important for trans-resveratrol analogs to exhibit enhanced antioxidant and apoptotic activities. (2004)

We compared the abilities of trans-resveratrol and seven analogs to inhibit an azo compound-induced peroxidation of linoleic acid in vitro and to induce apoptosis in cultured human leukemia cells. The results showed that both the antioxidant and apoptotic activities of the analogs containing 3,4-dihydroxyl groups were significantly higher than those of the trans-resveratrol and the other analogs. Hence, the 3,4-dihydroxyl groups were important for trans-resveratrol analogs to exhibit concurrent high antioxidant and apoptotic activities.
Engineering of a Dermal Equivalent: Seeding and Culturing Fibroblasts in PEGT/PBT Copolymer Scaffolds (2003)

The engineering of dermal skin substitutes, using autologous fibroblasts, requires high seeding efficiencies, a homogeneous cell distribution in the scaffolds, and optimal culture conditions. Dynamic seeding in spinner flasks was used to seed and subsequently culture fibroblasts in three-dimensional scaffolds. Several seeding and culture variables were investigated. Simulation of medium movement with microspheres showed that three different regions existed in medium (outer, middle, and inner), where overall particle movement was different. In the middle region the flow was turbulent and scaffolds were best placed in this region. After fibroblast seeding, methylene blue staining and scanning electron microscopy analysis of the scaffolds showed that at a low stirring speed (20 rpm) fibroblasts attached mainly onto the upper part of the scaffold, and at 40 and 60 rpm fibroblasts attached and spread throughout the scaffolds. Measurements of total DNA content per scaffold showed that lower stirring speeds (20 and 40 rpm) resulted in significantly higher cell-seeding efficiencies (20 rpm, 99.8 +/- 11.3%; 40 rpm, 93.8 +/- 10.5%) compared with 60 rpm (85.9 +/- 5.3%). Seeding kinetics were comparable for all three speeds investigated. In subsequent studies, 40 rpm was chosen for seeding. Using initial cell numbers ranging from 0.3 x 10(6) to 1.5 x 10(6) fibroblasts per scaffold, seeding efficiencies higher than 85% were consistently found (n = 4). The culture of fibroblast-seeded scaffolds at different stirring speeds (10-80 rpm) showed that stirring speeds higher than 10 rpm significantly stimulated fibroblast proliferation and glycosaminoglycan and collagen deposition as compared with 10 rpm. After 21 days, scaffolds cultured at 80 rpm showed significantly more collagen deposition as compared with those maintained at lower speeds. In conclusion, to achieve high seeding efficiencies, uniform fibroblast distribution and tissue formation in a three-dimensional scaffold, fibroblasts can be dynamically seeded at 40 rpm and subsequently cultured at a stirring speed of 60-80 rpm in spinner flasks. This flexible system shows that it is feasible to tissue engineer autologous dermal substitutes in a clinically acceptable time frame.
Real-Time Calibration of the Steering Wheel Angle Sensor (2017)

A stationary or temporary offset in the steering system of a vehicle can result in functions, relying on the steering wheel angle, performing poorly. Due to the wide range of different vehicle configurations at Scania CV, all sensors with relevant information regarding vehicle direction are not available on all vehicles. By using a statistical approach, including common sensors installed on the vehicle, a conceptual algorithm calibrating the Steering Wheel Angle Sensor offset in real- time has been developed. The algorithm is simple and relies on the assumption that a vehicle is driving straight ahead most of the time above a certain minimum vehicle speed, thus the most frequent steering wheel angle is the straight ahead angle. The algorithm is only active above the certain minimum vehicle speed and consists of two moving windows comprising steering wheel angle samples in which the calculations are performed. The results show that the algorithm is able to detect offsets with a short calibration time. Storage of samples is required but no vehicle specific parameters are needed.
Band Structure of AlAs-GaAs(100) Superlattices (1977)

We report the results of the first band-structure calculation for AlAs-GaAs superlattice structures consisting of several atomic monolayers of AlAs and GaAs per repeated slab. The tight-binding method is used to investigate the band gaps and the character of the electronic states as a function of the number of monolayers per slab. For any fixed concentration of Al, the material becomes direct as the number of monolayers per slab is increased. The states at the band edges are predominantly in the GaAs layers and die away into the AlAs.
Biomechanical Study of Artificial Hip Joint. (1997)

To study the in vivo damage of the polyethylene acetabular cup retrieved at revision surgery was investigated, Mechanical properties were measured by a viscoelastic spectrometer and a universal Instron type testing machine with a torque meter. The following results were obtained ; 1) There was a positive quadratic correlation between stiffness of the acetabular cup and the duration from the implantation until the revision surgery in the case of the Weber type artificial hip joint. 2) There was a negative qudratic correlation between tan δ and the duration from the implantation until the revision surgery in the case of the Weber type artificial hip joint. 3) There was positive correlation between stiffness of the acetabular cup and the duration from the implantation until the revision surgery in the case of the Kyocera type artificial hip joint. 4) There was a negative correlation between tan δ and the duration from the implantation until the revision surgery in the case of the Kyocera type artificial hip joint. 5) There was a positive correlation between linear wear and the duration from the implantation until the revision surgery in the case of both the Weber and the Kyocera type artificial hip joints. 6) There was a positive correlation between torque and the duration from the implantation until the revision surgery in the case of both the Weber and Kyocera type artificial hip joints.
Robotic Herding Using Wavefront Algorithm: Performance and Stability (2016)

This paper is concerned with robotic herding of a swarm of birds by another adversarial agent, referred
to as the pursuer. The objective of herding is to prevent the birds from entering a specified volume of space,
such as the air space around an airport. The n-Wavefront algorithm was introduced by the authors in a
prior paper to enable herding of a swarm of birds using a robotic unmanned aerial vehicle. In this paper,
the performance and stability characteristics are analyzed using tools from linear and nonlinear stability
theory, with the aim of proving its performance and identifying the permissible and optimum values of the
control parameters. It is shown that, using the n-Wavefront algorithm, a pursuer can successfully maneuver
the birds around the prescribed perimeter while ensuring that the swarm does not undergo fragmentation
as a result of its response to the presence of the pursuer.
A LOCUS THAT CONTROLS FILAMENT FORMATION AND SENSITIVITY TO RADIATION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI K-12 (1964)

Long form radiosensitive mutants were selected from among the progeny of survivors of an ultraviolet irradiated parental strain of E. coli K-12 by their mucoid appearance on supplemented minimal agar. The parental strain was F/sup -/ and carried various auxotrophic markers. Crosses with Hfr strains revealed that all the long-form cells carried a mutation at a locus designated lon, which is situated between lac and gal, close to T6. The parental lon/sup +/ strain resembles B/r in survival following x or uv irradiation, while lon mutants are relatively sensitive and are similar to strain B. The greater radiosensitivity of the lon mutants is not due to the loss of the capacity to reactivate uv- photoproducts in DNA because equal numbers of plaques are found when uv irradiated Tl phage is plated on lon and lon/sup +/ strains. (auth)
AT<sub>2</sub>‐antagonist sensitive potentiation of angiotensin II‐induced vasoconstrictions by blockade of nitric oxide synthesis in rat renal vasculature (1997)

1. Although the actions of angiotensin II (Ang II) on renal haemodynamics appear to be mediated by activation of the AT1 receptor subtype, AT2 binding sites have also been evidenced in the adult kidney vasculature. As NO is known to mask part of the renal effects of vasoconstrictor drugs, we queried whether the Ang II-induced vasoconstrictions could occur via multiple receptor subtypes during inhibition of NO synthesis. We explored the effect of AT1 and AT2 receptor (AT-R) antagonists on Ang II-induced pressure increases during NO synthase or soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibition in rat isolated kidneys perfused in the presence of indomethacin at constant flow in a single-pass circuit. 2. In the absence of NO blockade, the AT1-R antagonist L-158809 (500 nM) antagonized the Ang II-induced vasoconstrictions, while the AT2-R antagonist PD-123319 (500 nM) had no effect. 3. Perfusing kidneys in the presence of either NO synthase inhibitors, L-NAME (100 microM) or L-NOARG (1 mM), or soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, LY-83583 (10 microM), significantly increased both molar pD2 (from 9.40+/-0.25 to 10.36+/-0.11) and Emax values (from 24.9+/-3.1 to 79.9+/-4.9 mmHg) of the concentration-response curve for Ang II-induced vasoconstriction. 4. In the presence of L-NAME, 500 nM L158809 abolished the Ang II-induced vasoconstrictions whatever the concentration tested. On the other hand, 500 nM PD-123319 reversed the left shift of the concentration-response curve for Ang II (molar pD2 value 9.72+/-0.13) leaving Emax value unaffected (91.3+/-7.6 mmHg). 5. In the presence of L-NAME, the potentiated vasoconstriction induced by 0.1 nM and the augmented vasoconstriction induced by 10 nM Ang II were fully inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by L-158809 (0.05-500 nM). By contrast, PD-123319 (0.5-500 nM) did not affect the 10 nM Ang II-induced vasoconstriction and concentration-dependently decreased the 0.1 nM Ang II-induced vasoconstriction plateauing at 65% inhibition above 5 nM antagonist. 6. Similar to PD-123319, during NO blockade the AT2-R antagonist CGP-42112A at 5 nM decreased by 50% the 0.1 nM Ang II-induced vasoconstriction and at 500 nM had no effect on 10 nM Ang II-induced vasoconstriction. 7. In conclusion, the renal Ang II-induced vasoconstriction, which is antagonized only by AT1-R antagonist in the presence of endogenous NO, becomes sensitive to both AT1- and AT2-R antagonists during NO synthesis inhibition. While AT1-R antagonist inhibited both L-NAME-potentiated and -augmented components of Ang II-induced vasoconstriction, AT2-R antagonists inhibited only the L-NAME-potentiated component.
The Perron-Frobenius theorem: some of its applications (2005)

The Perron-Frobenius theorem provides a simple characterization of the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of certain types of matrices with nonnegative entries. The importance of the Perron-Frobenius theorem stems from the fact that eigenvalue problems on these types of matrices frequently arise in many different fields of science and engineering. In this article, the authors discuss the applications of this theorem in diverse areas such as steady state behavior of Markov chains, power control in wireless networks, commodity pricing models in economics, population growth models, and Web search engines. The article starts with a review and discussion of the mathematical foundations.
Cytokine production by peripheral blood monocytes during the normal human ovulatory menstrual cycle (2003)

Intrinsic production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes is increased following ovulation.
Enhancing face matching in a suitable binary environment (2011)

Computerized human face recognition is a complex task of deformable pattern recognition. The principal source of complexities lies in the significant inter-class overlapping of faces due to the variations caused by different poses, illuminations, and expressions (PIE). The popularly used computerized face recognition algorithms like PCA, EBGM etc. are fairly reliable to determine facial attributes from an image. But, in most of the cases the features are extracted in terms of gray textures. When the database size is tuned to millions, then huge processing time is required, as each of the pixel must be represented using at least eight bits. In the present paper, our objective is to minimize the processing time by reducing the number of bits to represent each pixel. This we have done by combining two methods. The first one is a neuro-visually inspired method of figure-ground segregation (NFGS) which can convert the entire face image into a binary 2D array, efficiently. The second one is the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) which extracts the scale invariant and rotation invariant features from the binarized face image and thereafter matches the features. The proposed algorithm is found successful in actually enhancing the performance of face matching. Psycho-visual experiments also corroborate the fact.
Transformation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS52 (1997)

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS52 grows on nitrobenzene via partial reduction of the nitro group and enzymatic rearrangement of the resultant hydroxylamine. Cells and cell extracts of nitrobenzene-grown JS52 catalyzed the transient formation of 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4HADNT), 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4ADNT), and four previously unidentified metabolites from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Two of the novel metabolites were identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and (sup1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as 2,4-dihydroxylamino-6-nitrotoluene (DHANT) and 2-hydroxylamino-4-amino-6-nitrotoluene (2HA4ANT). A polar yellow metabolite also accumulated during transformation of TNT by cells and cell extracts. Under anaerobic conditions, extracts of strain JS52 did not catalyze the production of the yellow metabolite or release nitrite from TNT; moreover, DHANT and 2HA4ANT accumulated under anaerobic conditions, which indicated that their further metabolism was oxygen dependent. Small amounts of nitrite were released during transformation of TNT by strain JS52. Sustained transformation of TNT by cells required nitrobenzene, which indicated that TNT transformation does not provide energy. Transformation of TNT catalyzed by enzymes in cell extracts required NADPH. Transformation experiments with (sup14)C-TNT indicated that TNT was not mineralized; however, carbon derived from TNT became associated with cells. Nitrobenzene nitroreductase purified from strain JS52 transformed TNT to DHANT via 4HADNT, which indicated that the nitroreductase could catalyze the first two steps in the transformation of TNT. The unusual ability of the nitrobenzene nitroreductase to catalyze the stoichiometric reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to the corresponding hydroxylamine provides the basis for the novel pathway for metabolism of TNT.