gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Activity Enhancing for Titanium Dioxide by Co-doping with Bromine and Chlorine (2004)

Bromine and chlorine co-doped nanocrystalline titanium dioxide are synthesized by a hydrothermal method using titanium chloride in a mixed hydrobromic acid−ethanol system. TiO2 with anatase, mixed anatase/rutile, rutile, mixed rutile/brookite, mixed anatase/rutile/brookite, and rutile phases are obtained, in that order, by increasing the acidity through addition of HBr. Br- and Cl- co-doping causes the absorption edge of TiO2 to shift to a lower energy region. The photocatalytic activity of doped TiO2 with mixed anatase/rutile phases exceeds that of commercial TiO2 photocatalyst Degussa P-25 for water splitting into H2 and O2 under ultraviolet light.
Desynchronization and resynchronization of human circadian rhythms. (1969)

Desynchronization and resynchronization of human circadian rhythms of activity, body temperature and urine excretion during isolation in underground bunker in various conditions
Structure-Activity Relationships and Human Relevance for Perfluoroalkyl Acid–Induced Transcriptional Activation of Peroxisome Proliferation in Liver Cell Cultures (2009)

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are widely distributed and environmentally persistent agents whose potential toxicity is not yet fully characterized. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid elicit a number of potential toxicities in rodents, the most prevalent of which are governed by activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). The purpose of this investigation was twofold: (1) To conduct a structure-activity relationship study of the transcriptional activation of peroxisome proliferation in primary rat liver cell cultures for PFAA-related carboxylic and sulfonic acids of varying carbon chain length and (2) to explore whether this activity can be translated to human liver cells in culture. Exposure to PFOA caused a dose-dependent stimulation of the expression of acyl-CoA oxidase (Acox), Cte/Acot1, and Cyp4a1/11 transcripts that are indicative of peroxisome proliferation in primary rat hepatocytes. PFOA concentrations of 30 microM and above caused cell injury characterized by the expression of Ddit3. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), on the other hand, stimulated Acox, Cte/Acot1, and Cyp4a1/11 gene expression in primary rat hepatocytes only at concentrations of 100 microM and above. Neither PFOA nor PFBA at concentrations up to 200 microM stimulated PPARalpha-related gene expression in either primary or HepG2 human liver cells. These data demonstrate that (1) PFFAs cause a concentration- and chain length-dependent increase in expression of gene targets related to cell injury and PPARalpha activation in primary rat hepatocytes, (2) the sulfonates are less potent than the corresponding carboxylates in stimulating PPARalpha-related gene expression in rat hepatocytes, and (3) stimulation of PPARalpha-mediated gene transcription is a mechanism that is not shared by human liver cells, adding further substantiation that PPARalpha-dependent liver toxicity in rodents does not extrapolate to assessing human health concerns.
Adjuvant Topical Chemotherapy versus Immunotherapy in Primary Superficial Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder (1991)

In a prospective randomised controlled study, the efficacy of ethoglucid was compared with that of keyhole-limpet haemocyanin (KLH) in preventing recurrent tumours following transurethral resection of primary superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Patients treated with ethoglucid (n = 39) received 0.565 g (1% solution) ethoglucid weekly for 6 weeks and then monthly for 1 year. Patients treated with KLH (n = 38) were immunised subcutaneously with 1 mg KLH; bladder instillations of 30 mg were then given weekly for 6 weeks and thereafter monthly for 1 year. The recurrence rates, disease-free intervals and tumour progression rates were evaluated. The end-point of the study was either progression in stage or grade or more than 1 recurrence during the observation period. The minimum length of follow-up was 1 year. The recurrence rates, mean disease-free intervals and progression rates in the 2 groups showed no statistically significant differences.
Biological aspects of prostaglandins (1974)

This report describes the biochemistry and structure of the "natural" prostaglandins, their isomers, analogues and inhibitors. It may be possible to correlate the functions of these compounds with their molecule configuration and to classify their effects accordingly. Should the model configurations presented hold true, the possibilities of manipulating the basic prostaglandin molecule, prostaglandin synthesis, and metabolism, and of developing action-specific inhibitors appear unlimited, as are the pathological and therapeutic implications.
Analysis and Control of Nonlinear Systems (1993)

This paper describes my work on nonlinear analysis and control over the last twenty years. The first part of the paper concerns the development of nonlinear analysis tools for predicting stability and forced response characteristics of high speed ground vehicles. The principal motivation was to develop an alternative to “brute force” time domain simulation. The developed tools were extensions of “describing function” or “equivalent linearization” methods for both periodic and stochastic excitation. The “statistical linearization” analysis tools were then extended and applied to design control laws for nonlinear stochastic regulators. The second part of the paper was motivated by control system design for highly nonlinear, multivariable systems, such as automotive powertrain control and aircraft flight control. For these classes of systems, statistical linearization procedures are computationally cumbersome and also provide no stability or robustness guarantees. A method which has proven extremely powerful, both theoretically and experimentally, is “sliding control.” This technique is a form of input/output linearization that directly incorporates model error information with stability and performance measures. My students and I found several difficulties in the direct application of this method to automotive and aircraft control. This paper describes our solutions to the problems of repeated model differentiation, differentiation of model error, undesirable “internal dynamics” and systems with saturating control inputs.
Prevention of colonic fibrosis by<i>Boswellia</i>and<i>Scutellaria</i>extracts in rats with colitis induced by 2,4,5‐trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (2008)

These data demonstrate that the prophylactic administration of anti-inflammatory Boswellia and antifibrotic Scutellaria extracts is effective in preventing colonic fibrosis in TNBS-induced colitis. Their antifibrotic mechanism of action seems to be mediated by the inhibition of TGF-beta1/Smad3 pathway.
Polarization Imaging and Insect Vision (2009)

For several years we have included discussions about insect vision in the optics units of our introductory physics courses. This topic is a natural extension of demonstrations involving Brewster's reflection and Rayleigh scattering of polarized light because many insects heavily rely on optical polarization for navigation and communication. Students, especially those majoring in the life sciences, tend to find the conversation intriguing because of its interdisciplinary context. To make it even more appealing, we recently created a laboratory component that allows students to use digital cameras and polarizing filters to create polarization maps of environmental scenes and insect bodies. In this paper we describe how to do so with ImageJ, a widely used and freely available image processing program that is suitable for students with no programming experience.
Extracting URLs from JavaScript via program analysis (2013)

With the extensive use of client-side JavaScript in web applications, web contents are becoming more dynamic than ever before. This poses significant challenges for search engines, because more web URLs are now embedded or hidden inside JavaScript code and most web crawlers are script-agnostic, significantly reducing the coverage of search engines. We present a hybrid approach that combines static analysis with dynamic execution, overcoming the weakness of a purely static or dynamic approach that either lacks accuracy or suffers from huge execution cost. We also propose to integrate program analysis techniques such as statement coverage and program slicing to improve the performance of URL mining.
Preparation and Moessbauer spectra of neptunium(III)-alkali metal-chloro compounds (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Moessbauer spectra of neptunium(III)-alkali metal-chloro compoundsD. G. Karraker and J. A. StoneCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1980, 19, 11, 3545–3547Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50213a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50213a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Consolidation on Bond of Reinforcement in Concrete of Different Workabilities (2003)

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Cyclooxygenase gene expression is down-regulated by heparin-binding (acidic fibroblast) growth factor-1 in human endothelial cells. (1991)

The expression of cyclooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.1, Cox), a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of inflammatory prostanoids, is regulated by growth factors and cytokines. We have shown previously that the cytokine interleukin-1, an inhibitor of endothelial growth in vitro and stimulator of prostacyclin production, induces the expression of the 3-kilobase Cox transcript in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In contrast, the endothelial cell mitogen, heparin-binding (acidic fibroblast) growth factor-1 (HBGF-1) inhibits the synthesis of prostacyclin in HUVEC. In this report, we describe the effect of HBGF-1 on Cox mRNA expression in HUVEC. Cells cultured in the presence of HBGF-1 express diminished Cox mRNA levels whereas quiescent cells maintained in serum expressed a 7-fold higher level of the transcript for Cox. Concomitantly, the level of the Cox translation product and prostacyclin synthesis are also reduced by HBGF-1. Further, HBGF-1, in the presence of heparin, down-regulates the levels of the Cox transcript in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The onset of action of HBGF-1 is slow, requiring up to 24 h to depress the level of Cox mRNA. Lastly, the effective dose of HBGF-1 to depress Cox mRNA levels is similar to that required for mitogenesis, suggesting that cell proliferation may be required for the reduction of Cox expression in vitro. Thus, Cox may belong to a class of genes that are reversibly down-regulated during periods of endothelial cell proliferation.
Mahārāj jī (2000)

For Mahārāj jī, the coming of the black bee was the climax of a lifetime of effort, dedicated to a devotion to Krishna. He was born in the lineage of priests, encompassing forty-two families of th Rādhāramana temple, one of the original temples in Vrindaban founded by Six Gosvāmīs in the 16th century. His birth in this lineage was an essential prerequisite for his vocation. He was born with intelligence, abundant energy, and a good voice. He also possessed self-discipline and creativity, grounded in his unwavering pursuit of service to the deity. According to the teachings of the Mahārāj jī, the entire purpose of the human birth is to remember one's real relationship with God, even while taking care of the family.
Fas Ligand Costimulates the In Vivo Proliferation of CD8+ T Cells (2000)

Fas ligand (FasL/CD95L/APO-1L) is one of a growing number of TNF family members whose triggering costimulates maximal proliferation of activated T cells. In this study we show that maximal Ag-dependent accumulation of transferred TCR-transgenic CD8(+) T cells requires Fas (CD95/APO-1) expression by the adoptive hosts. Additionally, adoptively transferred FasL(+) CD8(+) T cells demonstrate a 2-fold advantage in Ag-driven expansion over their FasL(-)counterparts. This study illustrates the in vivo role of TCR-dependent FasL costimulation in the Ag-specific proliferation of both heterogeneous and homogeneous populations of primary CD8(+) T cells and long-term CTL lines. Thus, cross-linking FasL on naive and Ag-experienced CD8(+) T cells whose Ag-specific TCRs are engaged is required to drive maximal cellular proliferation in vivo.
A theory of contracts for Web services (2009)

Contracts are behavioral descriptions of Web services. We devise a theory of contracts that formalizes the compatibility of a client with a service, and the safe replacement of a service with another service. The use of contracts statically ensures the successful completion of every possible interaction between compatible clients and services. The technical device that underlies the theory is the filter , which is an explicit coercion preventing some possible behaviors of services and, in doing so, make services compatible with different usage scenarios. We show that filters can be seen as proofs of a sound and complete subcontracting deduction system which simultaneously refines and extends Hennessy's classical axiomatization of the must testing preorder. The relation is decidable, and the decision algorithm is obtained via a cut-elimination process that proves the coherence of subcontracting as a logical system. Despite the richness of the technical development, the resulting approach is based on simple ideas and basic intuitions. Remarkably, its application is mostly independent of the language used to program the services or the clients. We outline the practical aspects of our theory by studying two different concrete syntaxes for contracts and applying each of them to Web services languages. We also explore implementation issues of filters and discuss the perspectives of future research this work opens.
Alginate Macroencapsulation of Pig Islets Allows Correction of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Primates up to 6 Months Without Immunosuppression (2010)

Pig islets encapsulated in a subcutaneous macrodevice can control diabetes up to 6 months without immunosuppression.
Ultrasound-Assisted Versus Conventional Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis (2015)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01482273.
Poly(ADPribosyl)ation of CTCF: role in breast tumourigenesis (2006)

Background Epidemiological studies have shown that only about 20% of the familial clustering of breast cancer is explained by the known highly penetrant mutations in BRCA1 and BCRA2. We have set out to search for the genes for the remaining 80%. Twin studies indicate a predominant role of shared genes rather than a shared environment; the patterns of occurrence of breast cancer in families are consistent with a major polygenic component. Methods We have assembled a population based set of 5,000 breast cancer cases and 5,000 controls from the East Anglian population. We have simple clinical and epidemiological information, including family history, and samples of blood and paraffin embedded tumour. We have used association studies based on single nucleotide polymorphisms, first with candidate genes and then in a genome-wide scan of 266,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms, to search for the putative predisposing genes. We have as yet searched only for common variants (frequency >5%).
Telecommunications Signalling (1999)

Telecommunications Signalling offers an introduction to the principles of signalling systems along with an in-depth examination of their architecture and appeals to a wide range of readership, from those who want to expand their range of knowledge to communications experts.
Deep Opacity Maps (2008)

Abstract We present a new method for rapidly computing shadows from semi‐transparent objects like hair. Our deep opacity maps method extends the concept of opacity shadow maps by using a depth map to obtain a per pixel distribution of opacity layers. This approach eliminates the layering artifacts of opacity shadow maps and requires far fewer layers to achieve high quality shadow computation. Furthermore, it is faster than the density clustering technique, and produces less noise with comparable shadow quality. We provide qualitative comparisons to these previous methods and give performance results. Our algorithm is easy to implement, faster, and more memory efficient, enabling us to generate high quality hair shadows in real‐time using graphics hardware on a standard PC.
High-Pressure/High-Temperature Coiled Tubing Casing Collar Locator Provides Accurate Depth Control for Single-Trip Perforating (2000)

Abstract A North Sea operator required a precise depth control method to enable coiled tubing (CT) conveyed perforating guns to be deployed in a single trip on a HPHT development project. During the initial development phase, the preferred method identified was to use CT logging reels to convey the perforating guns. This solution was however considered expensive and had associated concerns regarding electric-connection problems. It was determined that the use of a wireless coiled tubing collar locator (CTCL) would eliminate the need for CT logging reels. However, the CTCLs available at that time were not suitable for operation in these extremely high pressure/ high temperature (HPHT) wells. This paper discusses the perforation technologies available to the operator, and the development of a wireless (HPHT) CTCL which solved the operator’s depth-control concerns.
Mutagenesis analysis of a hepatitis delta virus genomic ribozyme (1993)

We conducted extensive mutagenesis analysis on a hepatitis delta virus (HDV) genomic ribozyme to study the sequence specificity of certain region and to derive the secondary structure associated with the catalytic core. The results confirmed that the autocatalytic domain of HDV genomic RNA contained four base-pairing regions as predicted in the 'pseudo-knot' model [Perrotta & Been (1990) Nature 350, 434-436]. The size and sequence of one of the base-pairing regions, i. e. stem-and-loop, could be flexible. Helix 3 and the first basepair of helix 1 required specific sequence to retain self-cleavage activity. The structural requirement of helix 2 was less stringent than the other base-pairing regions. Moreover, the size of helix 1 affected self-cleavage whereas the length of hinge could be variable even though the first three residues of hinge had stringent sequence requirement.
Antibodies to Transforming Growth Factor-β2 Peptides: Specific Detection of TGF-β2 in Immunoassays (1990)

Polyclonal antibodies have been raised to synthetic peptides corresponding to several regions of transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2). All antisera were tested for their ability to react with either the native or reduced forms of both TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Western blots, and immunoprecipitation assays. On Western blots, antisera raised to a peptide corresponding to residues 50-75 of TGF-beta 2 specifically detected 5 ng TGF-beta 2, while antisera raised to regions 1-30 and 79-108 cross-reacted with TGF-beta 1. Anti-P 50-75(2) also localized TGF-beta 2 in murine placenta in immunohistochemical studies. In immunoprecipitation assays with either iodinated TGF-beta s or with media conditioned by cells labeled with [35S]cysteine, both anti-P 50-75(2) and anti-P 79-108(2) specifically immunoprecipitated TGF-beta 2 under reducing conditions only, while anti-P 79-108(2) also reacted with TGF-beta 1. None of the TGF-beta 2 peptide antibodies was able to block receptor binding of either TGF-beta 1 or 2. Analysis of the cross-reactivity patterns of these peptide antibodies suggests conformational differences between TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2.
Attentive documents (2012)

Reading is one of the most frequent activities of knowledge workers. Eye tracking can provide information on what document parts users read, and how they were read. This article aims at generating implicit relevance feedback from eye movements that can be used for information retrieval personalization and further applications. We report the findings from two studies which examine the relation between several eye movement measures and user-perceived relevance of read text passages. The results show that the measures are generally noisy, but after personalizing them we find clear relations between the measures and relevance. In addition, the second study demonstrates the effect of using reading behavior as implicit relevance feedback for personalizing search. The results indicate that gaze-based feedback is very useful and can greatly improve the quality of Web search. The article concludes with an outlook introducing attentive documents keeping track of how users consume them. Based on eye movement feedback, we describe a number of possible applications to make working with documents more effective.
Solid-State Image Sensing. (2000)

Publisher Summary The field of computer vision has long been viewed as an essentially computational science, concerned only with the mathematical treatment of images whose origins are effectively ignored. This chapter concentrates on the sensor and electronic preprocessing part of the whole electronic imaging chain using solid-state image sensors. The radiation that can be captured with these types of image sensors is restricted to electromagnetic waves extending from the x-ray region to the near infrared. This large spectral range covers most of the wavelength regions of practical importance, notably the visible spectrum. New research opportunities are occurring in machine vision because new types of image processing algorithms are required that not only influence the image acquisition process but are also capable of exploiting novel imaging modalities. This contribution should represent a comprehensive introduction to solid-state image sensing for machine vision and for optical microsystems, with an emphasis on custom image sensors that can be tailored to the requirements of individual imaging applications in research and industrial use. The material presented in the chapter is organized in the form of a systematic exploration of the photosensing chain. Incident photons are followed on their paths into the interior of a semiconductor where most of the photons interact by producing electron-hole pairs. These photocharge pairs need to be separated in an electric field before they recombine again, leading to the flow of a photocurrent, which is proportional to the incident light intensity over many orders of magnitude. An important fundamental of solidstate photosensing is the analysis of noise sources, noise reduction schemes, and the achievable signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). This leads to the basic reason for the development of modern charge-coupled device (CCD) technology and to the discussion of applications, in which CCD image sensors might be replaced by complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatible image sensors in the near future.