gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current advances in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma (2019)

Multiple myeloma (MM), considered an incurable hematological malignancy, is characterized by its clonal evolution of malignant plasma cells. Although the application of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and the introduction of novel agents such as immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) have doubled the median overall survival to eight years, relapsed and refractory diseases are still frequent events in the course of MM. To achieve a durable and deep remission, immunotherapy modalities have been developed for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Among these approaches, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is the most promising star, based on the results of previous success in B-cell neoplasms. In this immunotherapy, autologous T cells are engineered to express an artificial receptor which targets a tumor-associated antigen and initiates the T-cell killing procedure. Tisagenlecleucel and Axicabtagene, targeting the CD19 antigen, are the two pacesetters of CAR T-cell products. They were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017 for the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Their development enabled unparalleled efficacy in combating hematopoietic neoplasms. In this review article, we summarize six promising candidate antigens in MM that can be targeted by CARs and discuss some noteworthy studies of the safety profile of current CAR T-cell therapy.
Synthesis and conformational analysis of N-glycopeptides that contain extended sugar chains (1994)

Maltooligosaccharides with 2–7 sugar moieties were converted into β-1-amino-1-deoxy derivatives and were coupled to Nα-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-L-aspartic acid α-tert-butyl β-pentafluorophenyl ester. After trifluoroacetic acid deprotection, the resulting glycosylated asparagines were used as building blocks for the solid-phase synthesis of T-ceIl epitopic glycopeptide analogues. The coupling efficiencies of the glycoanimo acid synthons and the acid and base stability of the resulting glycopeptides indicate the applicability of this solid-phase synthetic protocol for the incorporation of sugars that are comparable in size with that of the natural carbohydrate antennae of N-glycoproteins. The sugars placed into N-terminal position did not affect the strong α-helical structure of the peptides, but inhibited the disulfide-bridge formation of proximal cysteine residues in a carbohydrate length-dependent manner.
Fast growth of graphene patterns by laser direct writing (2011)

Rapid single-step fabrication of graphene patterns was developed using laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (LCVD). A laser beam irradiates a thin nickel foil in a CH4 and H2 environment to induce a local temperature rise, thereby allowing the direct writing of graphene patterns in precisely controlled positions at room temperature. Line patterns can be achieved with a single scan without pre- or postprocesses. Surprisingly, the growth rate is several thousand times faster than that of general CVD methods. The discovery and development of the LCVD growth process provide a route for the rapid fabrication of graphene patterns for various applications.
TATA elements direct bi-directional transcription by RNA polymerases II and III (1996)

Eukaryotic promoter elements specify the direction and efficiency of transcription, as well as the type of RNA polymerase to be used. One such element, the TATA box, is thought to participate in determining the direction of transcription and can function within promoters for RNA polymerase II or III, depending on the sequence context. In this report the ability of four different TATA boxes to support transcription in vitro was determined. It was found that TATA elements are not directional. However, they support transcription by RNA polymerases II and III. An upstream activating sequence was found to stimulate downstream transcription by RNA polymerase II and to inhibit upstream transcription by RNA polymerases II and III. Thus a promoter necessarily consists of a TATA element and upstream sequences in order to specify the direction of transcription and the type of polymerase to be used.
Stall and Path Monitoring Issues in SCTP (2006)

This paper presents how SCTP can stall in multihomed scenarios during failover and under certain circumstances. A stall is where an SCTP end-point ceases to communicate for an extended period of time, but does not report any error to the upper layer. This paper presents two different sets of circumstances where a stall can occur: firstly when there is an underestimation of the Retransmission Time-Out (RTO) value for a redundant network path; and secondly when a network error occurs that causes only SACKs to be lost, which confuses the SCTP sender about which network path is operational. Solutions to both of these stalls are presented that include modifying the RTO value, applying Karn’s algorithm to path monitoring and ensuring the destination address selection policy for SACKs is changed. This paper also presents a mechanism to de-couple data acknowledgement and path monitoring when using multi-homed transport protocols, which should remove the ambiguity about path monitoring and offers a universal solution to the stall.
CHAMP: concurrent hierarchical and multilevel program for simulation of VLSI circuits (2003)

The design and implementation of a hierarchical switch-level simulator for complex digital circuits is discussed. The hierarchy is exploited to reduce the memory requirements of the simulation, thus allowing the simulation of circuits that are too large to simulate at the flat level. The algorithm used in the simulator operates directly on the hierarchical circuit description. Speedup is obtained through the use of high-level models. The simulator has been implemented on a SUN workstation and used to simulate a switch-level description of the Motorola 68000 microprocessor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase. What does the organization and expression of a multipromoter gene tell us about its functions? (1995)

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase is a key enzyme in glutathione (GSH) salvage, metabolism of endogenous mediators such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins, detoxification of xenobiotics including environmentally important compounds and carcinogens, and cellular processes dependent on the oxidation/reduction of glutathione. The enzyme is widely distributed, and these functions often occur in separate tissues and in response to different stimuli. Evidence indicates that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase plays a direct role in some hepatic and renal responses to injury. In the mouse gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is a single copy gene expressed from at least seven promoters, and many of the transcribed gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase RNAs are restricted in their expression. Studies that combine analyses of cellular processes with a knowledge of gene structure and expression hold promise for unravelling how these two different levels of function are integrated.
RGD‐grafted poly‐l‐lysine‐<i>graft</i>‐(polyethylene glycol) copolymers block non‐specific protein adsorption while promoting cell adhesion (2003)

A novel class of surface-active copolymers is described, designed to protect surfaces from nonspecific protein adsorption while still inducing specific cell attachment and spreading. A graft copolymer was synthesized, containing poly-(L-lysine) (PLL) as the backbone and substrate binding and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as protein adsorption-resistant pendant side chains. A fraction of the grafted PEG was pendantly functionalized by covalent conjugation to the peptide motif RGD to induce cell binding. The graft copolymer spontaneously adsorbs from dilute aqueous solution onto negatively charged surfaces. The performance of RGD-modified PLL-g-PEG copolymers was analyzed in protein adsorption and cell culture assays. These coatings efficiently blocked the adsorption of serum proteins to Nb(2)O(5) and tissue culture polystyrene while specifically supporting attachment and spreading of human dermal fibroblasts. This surface functionalization technology is expected to be valuable in both the biomaterial and biosensor fields, because different signals can easily be combined, and sterilization and application are straightforward and cost-effective.
The Microscopical Theory of Reflection and Transmission of Light by a Spatial Dispersive Dielectric Slab and the Ewald Dynamical Theory of Diffraction (1980)

The dielectric slab is considered as a system of classical dipoles fixed on the lattice points of N + 1 parallel planes of a general primitive crystal lattice. The dipoles interact with retarded electromagnetic and non-retarded mechanical forces. Thus media with spatial dispersion are also taken into account. Formulae are deduced for the intensity of the electromagnetic wave, reflected or transmitted by the dielectric slab. The resulting formulae are valid for all wavelengths where the dipole approximation is appropriate. Thus they include both the effects known in the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction as well as Snell's law and Fresnel's formulae for visible light and the effects caused by spatial dispersion.
Improving the Efficiency of Vγ9Vδ2 T-Cell Immunotherapy in Cancer (2018)

Increasing immunological knowledge and advances in techniques lay the ground for more efficient and broader application of immunotherapies. gamma delta (γδ) T-cells possess multiple favorable anti-tumor characteristics, making them promising candidates to be used in cellular and combination therapies of cancer. They recognize malignant cells, infiltrate tumors, and depict strong cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory activity. Here, we focus on human Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells, the most abundant γδ T-cell subpopulation in the blood, which are able to inhibit cancer progression in various models <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. For therapeutic use they can be cultured and manipulated <i>ex vivo</i> and in the following adoptively transferred to patients, as well as directly stimulated to propagate <i>in vivo</i>. In clinical studies, Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells repeatedly demonstrated a low toxicity profile but hitherto only the modest therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of established and newer strategies for the enhancement of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell anti-tumor functions. We discuss data of studies exploring methods for the sensitization of malignant cells, the improvement of recognition mechanisms and cytotoxic activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells. Main aspects are the tumor cell metabolism, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody constructs, as well as activating and inhibitory receptors like NKG2D and immune checkpoint molecules. Several concepts show promising results <i>in vitro</i>, now awaiting translation to <i>in vivo</i> models and clinical studies. Given the array of research and encouraging findings in this area, this review aims at optimizing future investigations, specifically targeting the unanswered questions.
Cloud transcoder (2012)

Despite the increasing popularity, Internet video streaming to mobile devices is still challenging. In particular, there has been a format and resolution "gap" between Internet videos and mobile devices, so mobile users have high demand on video transcoding to facilitate their specific devices. However, as a computation-intensive work, video transcoding is greatly challenged by the limited battery capacity of mobile devices. In this paper we propose and implement "Cloud Transcoder", which utilizes an intermediate cloud platform to bridge the "gap" via its special and practical designs. Specifically, Cloud Transcoder only requires the user to upload a video request rather than the video content. After getting the video request, Cloud Transcoder downloads the original video from the Internet, transcodes it on the user's demand, and transfers the transcoded video back to the user with a high data rate via the intra-cloud data transfer acceleration. Therefore, the mobile device only consumes energy in the last step - fast retrieving the transcoded video from the cloud. Running logs of our real-deployed system confirm the efficacy of Cloud Transcoder.
Seed Oil Based Polyurethanes: An Insight (2012)

Seed oils [SO] are cost‐effective, eco‐friendly and biodegradable in nature. They bear functional groups such as carboxyls, esters, double bonds, active methylenes, hydroxyls, oxirane rings and others, amenable to several derivatization reactions. Their abundant availability, non‐toxicity and rich chemistry has established SO as focal point of polymer production, e.g., production of polyesters, alkyds, epoxies, polyols, polyethers, polyesteramides, polyurethanes and others. The escalating prices of petro‐based chemicals, environmental and health concerns have further beckoned the enhanced utilization of SO as polymer precursors. SO have attracted enormous attention as potential source of platform chemicals, at both laboratory and industrial scale. Today, oil-seed bearing crop plants are being raised and modified for uses in areas covering biodiesel, lubricants, folk medicines, cosmetics, plastics, coatings and paints.
A novel wound dressing with antibiotic delivery system stimulated by microbial infection (1997)

The aim of this study was to develop a new wound dressing with controlled release of antibiotics only in the presence of infection. In the first experiment using an infected dorsal pouch of rats, exudate containing proteinases from pouches contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed significantly higher hydrolytic activity toward Boc-Val-Pro-Arg-MCA than that from noninfected wounds. The authors then developed a new type of wound dressing (AGX), a drug delivery system in which gentamicin is bound to polyvinylalcohol hydrogel through an enzymatically degradable peptide linker containing a -(D)-Phe-Pro-Arg-sequence. To investigate in vitro effectiveness, AGX was incubated with exudate from S. aureus infected or P. aeruginosa infected wounds. Gentamicin was selectively released from AGX in the presence of the exudate from S. aureus infected or P. aeruginosa infected wounds, but was not released in the presence of exudate from noninfected wounds. Next, AGX or the polyvinylalcohol hydrogel that served as control was incubated with S. aureus in the presence of human plasma. After 24 hours, S. aureus concentration was markedly lower in the case with AGX than in that with polyvinylalcohol hydrogel. These results indicate that proteinases from wounds infected with S. aureus or P. aeruginosa cleaved the linker and gentamicin was released.
Human Pulmonary 3D Models For Translational Research (2017)

Lung diseases belong to the major causes of death worldwide. Recent innovative methodological developments now allow more and more for the use of primary human tissue and cells to model such diseases. In this regard, the review covers bronchial air-liquid interface cultures, precision cut lung slices as well as ex vivo cultures of explanted peripheral lung tissue and de-/re-cellularization models. Diseases such as asthma or infections are discussed and an outlook on further areas for development is given. Overall, the progress in ex vivo modeling by using primary human material could make translational research activities more efficient by simultaneously fostering the mechanistic understanding of human lung diseases while reducing animal usage in biomedical research.
<title>High-capacity and high-speed DWDM and NWDM optical devices for telecom and datacom applications</title> (2001)

Both a 160-channel DWDM system integrating a 1 X 4 25-GHz nonlinear Fourier Filter Flat-top (F3T) interleaver with four 1 X 40 100-GHz AWGs and a 4-channel NWDM system were investigated for 10 Gbit/s transmission experiments.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Synthesis of <i>N</i>‐(<i>α</i>‐Alkoxyalkyl)benzotriazoles Catalyzed by Acidic Ionic Liquid at Room Temperature (2007)

Abstract N ‐( α ‐Alkoxyalkyl)benzotriazoles were synthesized via the condensation of benzotriazole with various aldehydes and alcohols catalyzed by acidic ionic liquid [hmim]HSO 4 at room temperature. The yield was up to 99%. This novel method was effective when triethoxymethane was utilized instead of alcohols. Moreover, acidic ionic liquid could be reused easily with no significant degradation of its catalytic activity.
Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone in the Presence of Layered Silicates and Formation of Nanocomposites (2002)

peer reviewed
The Phosphotransferase System of <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i>: Features of Sugar Transport and Carbon Regulation (2006)

In this review, we describe the phosphotransferase system (PTS) of Corynebacterium glutamicum and discuss genes for putative global carbon regulation associated with the PTS. C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 has PTS genes encoding the general phosphotransferases enzyme I, HPr and four enzyme II permeases, specific for glucose, fructose, sucrose and one yet unknown substrate. C. gluamicum has a peculiar sugar transport system involving fructose efflux after hydrolyzing sucrose transported via sucrose EII. Also, in addition to their primary PTS, fructose and glucose are each transported by a second transporter, glucose EII and a non-PTS permease, respectively. Interestingly, C. glutamicum does not show any preference for glucose, and thus co-metabolizes glucose with other sugars or organic acids. Studies on PTS-mediated sugar uptake and its related regulation in C. glutamicum are important because the production yield of lysine and cell growth are dependent on the PTS sugars used as substrates for fermentation. In many bacteria, the PTS is also involved in several regulatory processes. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of global carbon regulation associated with the PTS in this organism has not yet been revealed.
On combining internal and external fiducials for liver motion compensation (2008)

This paper presents an in-vivo accuracy study on combining skin markers (external fiducials) and fiducial needles (internal fiducials) for motion compensation during liver interventions. We compared the target registration error (TRE) for different numbers of skin markers n(s) and fiducial needles n(f), as well as for different transformation types, in two swine using the tip of an additional tracked needle as the target. During continuous breathing, n(f) had the greatest effect on the accuracy, yielding mean root mean square (RMS) errors of 4.8 +/- 1.1 mm (n(f) = 0), 2.0 +/- 0.9 mm (n(f) = 1) and 1.7 +/- 0.8 mm (n(f) = 2) when averaged over multiple tool arrangements (n = 18, 36, 18) with n(s) = 4. These values correspond to error reductions of 11%, 64% and 70%, respectively, compared to the case when no motion compensation is performed, i.e., when the target position is assumed to be constant. At expiration, the mean RMS error ranged from 1.1 mm (n(f) = 0) to 0.8 mm (n(f) = 2), which is of the order of magnitude of the target displacement. Our study further indicates that the fiducial registration error (FRE) of a rigid transformation reflecting tissue motion generally correlates strongly with the TRE. Our findings could be used in practice to (1) decide on a suitable combination of fiducials for a given intervention, considering the trade-off between high accuracy and low invasiveness, and (2) provide an intra-interventional measure of confidence for the accuracy of the system based on the FRE.
Details on an AFRL Field Reversed Configuration Plasma Device (2005)

A field reversed configuration (FRC) plasma device is being developed at AFRL Edwards. This geometry concept is based off of the coaxial slow source FRC fusion reactor concept developed at the University of Washington by Vlases, et al. A scaling energy model, COTS FEA, and a proof-of-concept experiment have been completed. In addition a complete suite of magnetic diagnostics as well as photometric/optical and internal plasma measurements have been constructed. This study details the initial testing, calibration, and operation of an FRC-based concept. Nomenclature β = The ratio of magnetic to particle pressures e = Electron charge k = Boltzmann’s constant, 1.38x10-23 J/K λD = Debye length, cm or mm I = Probe collected current, mA Ie, sat = Electron saturation current, A Iion, sat = Ion saturation current, A me = Electron mass, 9.1094x10-31 kg ne = Plasma electron density, m-3 δ = Sheath thickness, cm r = Probe electrode radius, m τ = Characteristic plasma resonance time, µs Te = Maxwellian plasma electron temperature, eV I.
A Large Rotation Angle Electrothermal Micromirror with Integrated Platinum Heater (2006)

We report a single-crystal-silicon electrothermal micromirror with an integrated platinum heater. A large rotation angle of 124deg has been achieved at a dc voltage of 12.5 V. The resonant frequency of the device is 336 Hz
A Deep Learning Frame-Work for Recognizing Developmental Disorders (2017)

Developmental Disorders are chronic disabilities that have a severe impact on the day to day functioning of a large section of the human population. Recognizing developmental disorders from facial images is an important but a relatively unexplored challenge in the field of computer vision. This paper proposes a novel framework to detect developmental disorders from facial images. A spectrum of disorders constituting of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cerebral Palsy, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Down syndrome, Intellectual disability and Progeria have been considered for recognition. The framework relies on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) for feature extraction. A new data-set comprising of images of subjects with these disabilities was built for testing the performance of the frame work. This model has been tested on different age groups, individual disabilities and has also been compared to a similar model that uses human intelligence to identify different developmental disorders. The results indicate that the model performs better than average human intelligence in terms of differentiating amongst different disabilities and is able to recognize subjects with these developmental disorders with an accuracy of 98.80%.
Split invertase polypeptides form functional complexes in the yeast periplasm in vivo. (1996)

The assembly of functional proteins from fragments in vivo has been recently described for several proteins, including the secreted maltose binding protein in Escherichia coli. Here we demonstrate for the first time that split gene products can function within the eukaryotic secretory system. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains able to use sucrose produce the enzyme invertase, which is targeted by a signal peptide to the central secretory pathway and the periplasmic space. Using this enzyme as a model we find the following: (i) Polypeptide fragments of invertase, each containing a signal peptide, are independently translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are modified by glycosylation, and travel the entire secretory pathway reaching the yeast periplasm. (ii) Simultaneous expression of independently translated and translocated overlapping fragments of invertase leads to the formation of an enzymatically active complex, whereas individually expressed fragments exhibit no activity. (iii) An active invertase complex is assembled in the ER, is targeted to the yeast periplasm, and is biologically functional, as judged by its ability to facilitate growth on sucrose as a single carbon source. These observation are discussed in relation to protein folding and assembly in the ER and to the trafficking of proteins through the secretory pathway.