gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Information-theoretic Metric Learning (2006)

In this paper, we present an information-theoretic approach to learning a Mahalanobis distance function. We formulate the problem as that of minimizing the differential relative entropy between two multivariate Gaussians under constraints on the distance function. We express this problem as a particular Bregman optimization problem---that of minimizing the LogDet divergence subject to linear constraints. Our resulting algorithm has several advantages over existing methods. First, our method can handle a wide variety of constraints and can optionally incorporate a prior on the distance function. Second, it is fast and scalable. Unlike most existing methods, no eigenvalue computations or semi-definite programming are required. We also present an online version and derive regret bounds for the resulting algorithm. Finally, we evaluate our method on a recent error reporting system for software called Clarify, in the context of metric learning for nearest neighbor classification, as well as on standard data sets.
Platinum-complex-catalyzed dehydrogenative double silylation of acetylenes, dienes, and olefins with bis(hydrosilanes) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlatinum-complex-catalyzed dehydrogenative double silylation of acetylenes, dienes, and olefins with bis(hydrosilanes)Masato Tanaka, Yuko Uchimaru, and Hans Jurgen LautenschlagerCite this: Organometallics 1991, 10, 1, 16–18Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00047a010https://doi.org/10.1021/om00047a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views489Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Stress‐induced hyperphosphorylation of tau in the mouse brain (2003)

We previously showed that starvation causes reversible hyperphosphorylation of tau in the mouse brain. To explore possible involvement of stress in tau hyperphosphorylation quantitative analysis of phosphorylated tau in four brain regions of mice subjected to cold water stress (CWS) was made by immunoblot analyses using phosphorylation-dependent antibodies directed to eight sites on tau known to be hyperphosphorylated in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Ser199, Ser202/Thr205, Thr231/Ser235 were hyperphosphorylated 20 and 40 min after CWS. The response was pronounced in the hippocampus and cerebral hemisphere, but weak in the cerebellum in parallel with the regional vulnerability in AD. Among the regulatory phosphorylation of protein kinases studied, a transient phosphorylation of tau protein kinase I/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta at Ser9 was most conspicuous.
High‐level expression of CD109 is frequently detected in lung squamous cell carcinomas (2007)

CD109 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface protein, which is a member of the alpha2-macroglobulin/C3, C4, C5 family of thioester-containing proteins. It has been reported that CD109 is expressed in a subset of hematopoietic cells, endothelial cells and several kinds of human tumors. Herein it is reported that the CD109 protein is preferentially expressed in lung squamous cell carcinomas compared with other types of lung carcinoma including adenocarcinomas, large cell carcinomas and small cell carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining of surgically resected lung specimens using an anti-CD109 antibody detected CD109 expression in basal cells of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia and myoepithelial cells of bronchial secretary glands, but not in bronchial and bronchiolar apical epithelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells. Furthermore, the CD109 immunoreactivity was observed in squamous cell carcinomas at a high frequency compared with other types of lung carcinoma. Although the detailed function of CD109 protein is unclear, these results suggest that CD109 expression may play a role in the development of lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Amperometric and voltammetric detection for capillary electrophoresis (2002)

The focus of this article is amperometric and voltammetric detection coupled with capillary electrophoresis. Fundamental concepts and progress in the field of capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection (CEEC) that have occurred within the past three years, including new methodologies and unique applications, are highlighted. This review contains 95 references.
STDP-Based Pruning of Connections and Weight Quantization in Spiking Neural Networks for Energy-Efficient Recognition (2018)

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) with a large number of weights and varied weight distribution can be difficult to implement in emerging in-memory computing hardware due to the limitations on crossbar size (implementing dot product), the constrained number of conductance states in non-CMOS devices and the power budget. We present a sparse SNN topology where noncritical connections are pruned to reduce the network size, and the remaining critical synapses are weight quantized to accommodate for limited conductance states. Pruning is based on the power law weight-dependent spike timing dependent plasticity model; synapses between pre- and post-neuron with high spike correlation are retained, whereas synapses with low correlation or uncorrelated spiking activity are pruned. The weights of the retained connections are quantized to the available number of conductance states. The process of pruning noncritical connections and quantizing the weights of critical synapses is performed at regular intervals during training. We evaluated our sparse and quantized network on MNIST dataset and on a subset of images from Caltech-101 dataset. The compressed topology achieved a classification accuracy of 90.1% (91.6%) on the MNIST (Caltech-101) dataset with 3.1X (2.2X) and 4X (2.6X) improvement in energy and area, respectively. The compressed topology is energy and area efficient while maintaining the same classification accuracy of a 2-layer fully connected SNN topology.
New developments in the treatment of metastatic melanoma: immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies. (2014)

The incidence of melanoma has been increasing over the past twenty years. Unfortunately, the prognosis of advanced-stage disease is still poor. Advances have been made in the understanding of melanoma development and progression, resulting in the availability of promising novel therapeutic options. After the approval of ipilimumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4, and vemurafenib, a targeted v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 inhibitor, a new era for melanoma has started. Additional compounds, such as dabrafenib and trametinib, also received Food and Drug Administration approval recently and currently several other promising candidates, such as antibodies to programmed death-1, are under clinical development. Even though the novel compounds show impressive results as monotherapy, their efficacy may be enhanced in combination with other agents. In addition, combined treatment may reduce the chance of developing resistance. We review available clinical experience on approved therapies and discuss new developments. Furthermore, promising combination therapies are highlighted.
Phase 1 and pharmacologic study of MS-275, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in adults with refractory and relapsed acute leukemias (2006)

MS-275 is a benzamide derivative with potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory and antitumor activity in preclinical models. We conducted a phase 1 trial of orally administered MS-275 in 38 adults with advanced acute leukemias. Cohorts of patients were treated with MS-275 initially once weekly x 2, repeated every 4 weeks from 4 to 8 mg/m2, and after 13 patients were treated, once weekly x 4, repeated every 6 weeks from 8 to 10 mg/m2. The maximum-tolerated dose was 8 mg/m2 weekly for 4 weeks every 6 weeks. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) included infections and neurologic toxicity manifesting as unsteady gait and somnolence. Other frequent non-DLTs were fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hypoalbuminemia, and hypocalcemia. Treatment with MS-275 induced increase in protein and histone H3/H4 acetylation, p21 expression, and caspase-3 activation in bone marrow mononuclear cells. No responses by classical criteria were seen. Our results show that MS-275 effectively inhibits HDAC in vivo in patients with advanced myeloid leukemias and should be further tested, preferably in patients with less-advanced disease.
An 8-Bit Single-Ended Ultra-Low-Power SAR ADC With a Novel DAC Switching Method and a Counter-Based Digital Control Circuitry (2013)

This paper proposes a design of ultra-low-power successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADC) specially optimized for very low frequency biosensor applications. Two new techniques are introduced: 1) a novel digital-to-analog converter (DAC) switching method suitable for single-ended SAR ADCs; and 2) a counter-based digital control circuitry. The DAC switching method uses <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VR</i> /2 as an only reference voltage to digitize the input signals within [0, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VR</i> ], and reduces the power consumption in the DAC during digitizing by 87.5% versus the traditional one. The counter-based controller can reduce power consumption in the digital circuitry by 30%. Two prototype 8-bit SAR ADCs are designed, one in a TI 0.35-μm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process and the other in a TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS process. The 0.35-μm ADC consumes 101 nW, and achieves a signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 48.2 dB and a figure of merit (FOM) of 227 fJ/conversion-step at 2 kS/s. The 0.18-μm ADC can achieve a SNDR of 46.3 dB with only 27 nW and a FOM of 79.9 fJ/conversion-step at 2 kS/s.
Formation and decay of laser-generated shock waves (1982)

The process of formation and decay of laser-generated shock waves is described by a hydrodynamic model. Measurements of shock velocities are performed on copper foils for incident intensities between 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{11}$ and 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{12}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, with the use of piezoelectric detectors. Maximum induced pressures are found between 0.5 and 1.2 Mbar in the intensity range considered. Analysis of the results with the shock-evolution model outlines the importance of the decay process of laser-generated shocks.
Min-cut partitioning on underlying tree and graph structures (1996)

We consider two generalizations of the min-cut partitioning problem where the nodes of a circuit C are to be mapped to the vertices of an underlying graph G, and the cost function to be minimized is the cost of associating the nets of C with the edges of G. Let P be the number of pins, the the number of nodes of G, and d be the maximum number of cells on a net of C. In the first problem the graph G is a tree T. An iterative improvement heuristic is given (Vijayan, 1991) with O(P.t/sup 3/) time per pass. Our proposed heuristic guarantees identical solutions in O(P.t.min(d,t)) time per pass. The second problem is defined on any graph G. The standard iterative improvement heuristic requires O(P t/sup 4/) time per pass, but our proposed approach guarantees O(P.t.min(d,t)) time per pass. The problems find applications in VLSI physical design and in distributed systems.
Signal transduction in human monocytes and granulocytes through the PI‐linked antigen CD14 (1990)

A possible role for the PI-linked CD14 molecule in human monocyte and granulocyte signal mediation was investigated. Using flow cytometry and the fluorescent indicators Fluo-3 and dihydrorhodamine-123 it was shown that crosslinking of the CD14 molecule induces an increase in monocyte and granulocyte cytoplasmic calcium concentration and monocyte H2O2 production. These responses were found to be independent of IgG Fc receptors and suggest an intrinsic signal mediating capacity of the CD14 molecule.
In vivo toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and anticancer activity of Genistein linked to recombinant human epidermal growth factor. (1998)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-associated protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) complexes have vital anti-apoptotic functions in human breast cancer cells. We have shown previously that targeting the naturally occurring PTK inhibitor genistein to the EGFR-associated PTK complexes using the EGF-Genistein (Gen) conjugate triggers rapid apoptotic cell death in human breast cancer cells and abrogates their in vitro clonogenic growth. In the present study, we examined the in vivo toxicity profile, pharmacokinetics, and anticancer activity of EGF-Gen. No toxicities were observed in mice treated with EGF-Gen at dose levels as high as 40 mg/kg administered i.p. as a single dose or 140 mg/kg administered i.p. over 28 consecutive days. EGF-Gen significantly improved tumor-free survival in a severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mouse xenograft model of human breast cancer, when it was administered 24 h after inoculation of tumor cells. At 100 microg/kg/day x 10 days (1 mg/kg total dose), which is >100-fold less than the highest tested and nontoxic cumulative dose (ie., 140 mg/kg) in mice, EGF-Gen was more effective than cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg/day x 2 days), Adriamycin (2.5 mg/kg x 1 day), or methotrexate (0.5 mg/kg x 1 day), the most widely used standard chemotherapeutic drugs for breast cancer, and resulted in 60% long-term tumor-free survival. Furthermore, treating SCID mice with established s.c. human breast cancer xenografts of 0.5-cm diameter with EGF-Gen at this dose level resulted in disappearance of the tumors in two of five mice and >50% shrinkage in three of five mice within 10 days, whereas all of the control tumors in five PBS-treated mice as well as five mice treated with unconjugated Gen (1 mg/kg/day x 10 days) showed >200% increase in diameter during the same observation period. EGF-Gen treatment reduced the growth rate of breast cancer xenografts of 1.0-cm diameter, but unlike with tumors of 0.5-cm diameter, it failed to cause shrinkage or disappearance of these larger tumors. The level of EGF-Gen systemic exposure that was effective in SCID mice was achieved in cynomolgus monkeys without any significant side effects detectable by clinical observation, laboratory studies, or histopathological examination of multiple organs. EGF-Gen might be useful in the treatment of breast cancer as well as other EGFR-positive malignancies.
Effect of lens aberration on hole pattern fabrication using halftone phase-shifting masks (1997)

In hole pattern fabrication using halftone phase-shifting masks (HT-PSM), we found that the spherical aberration has a large influence on the usable depth of focus for the full field (uDOF). Spherical aberration shifts the best-focus position, and the shift is 9 times larger for the HT-PSM than that for a conventional Cr mask. When the variation of the spherical aberration in the exposure field is more than 0.1 lambda, the uDOF of a 0.6-lambda/NA hole pattern using the HT- PSM becomes smaller than that using the conventional Cr mask. To eliminate the influence of the spherical aberration, we investigated the effect of shifting the phase of the HT-PSM from 180 degrees. Based on the results, we developed a new HT- PSM in which a phase distribution varies in accordance with the spherical aberration at each position of the field. We tested the new mask and showed that the new mask improves uDOF and that it is effective in the fabrication of fine hole patterns.
The Flexor Reflex Mediated by Group II Afferent Fibers: Effects of Morphine-HCl and Mephenesin. (1992)

The effects of morphine-HCl and mephenesin on the flexor reflex mediated by group II afferent fibers were investigated. The flexor reflex was recorded by means of the electromyogram (EMG) evoked in the muscle tibialis anterior by stimulation of the ipsilateral tibial nerve in urethane-alpha-chloralose anesthetized rats. Afferent volleys corresponding to the phasic EMG component of the flexor reflex with 7.6-msec latency (flexor EMG: fEMG) were also recorded using the double volley technique. The threshold of the afferent volleys mediating the fEMG was approximately twice as high as that of the most excitable afferent volleys, which were considered the spikes of group I afferent fibers, and the conduction velocity of the afferent volleys was 39.9 +/- 3.2 m/sec. Morphine-HCl (5 mg/kg, i.v.) did not change the amplitude of the fEMG, but mephenesin (40 and 80 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed it dose-dependently. These results suggest that the fEMG is a flexor reflex mediated by group II afferent fibers, which is not affected by morphine-HCl but depressed by mephenesin.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> LEAFY COTYLEDON2 induces maturation traits and auxin activity: Implications for somatic embryogenesis (2008)

LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) is a central regulator of embryogenesis sufficient to induce somatic cells to form embryos when expressed ectopically. Here, we analyze the cellular processes induced by LEC2, a B3 domain transcription factor, that may underlie its ability to promote somatic embryogenesis. We show auxin-responsive genes are induced after LEC2 activation in seedlings. Genes encoding enzymes involved in auxin biosynthesis, YUC2 and YUC4, are activated within 1 h after induction of LEC2 activity, and YUC4 appears to be a direct transcriptional target of LEC2. We also show ectopic LEC2 expression induces accumulation of seed storage protein and oil bodies in vegetative and reproductive organs, events that normally occur during the maturation phase of embryogenesis. Furthermore, LEC2 activates seed protein genes before an increase in RNAs encoding LEC1 or FUS3 is observed. Thus, LEC2 causes rapid changes in auxin responses and induces cellular differentiation characteristic of the maturation phase. The relevance of these changes to the ability of LEC2 to promote somatic embryogenesis is discussed.
Ontologies for reusing learning object content (2005)

The paper proposes a framework for building learning object (LO) content using ontologies. In the previous work on using ontologies to describe LOs, researchers employed ontologies exclusively for describing LOs' metadata. Although such an approach is useful for searching for LOs in LO Repositories, it does not provide us with features to reuse components of LOs, nor to incorporate an explicit specification of domain semantics into LO content. We propose the use of two kinds of ontologies as a solution to this problem: content structure ontologies and domain ontologies.
Specificity of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> for lepidopteran larvae: factors involved <i>in vivo</i> and in the structure of a purified protoxin (1989)

The relative LD50 values in two test Lepidoptera of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki HD1, which contains three crylA protoxin genes, was the same as a plasmid-cured derivative or a Bacillus cereus transcipient containing only one of the three genes. Differential rates of transcription of these genes in the original strain could account, at least partly, for this result. Strains containing only the single protoxin gene (crylA(b] produced inclusions when grown at 25 degrees C but not 32 degrees C, despite transcription of this gene at both temperatures. The instability of the crylA(b) protoxin was not found in the parental B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD1 strain grown at either temperature, however, so kurstaki HD1 strains with multiple protoxin genes must produce some stabilizing factor, perhaps another protoxin. The cryl protoxins contain a highly conserved carboxyl half which is proteolytically removed upon conversion to toxin. All of the protoxin cysteines are present in protease-sensitive regions and they are oxidized in inclusions. Most of the disulphides appear to be essential for specificity since their reduction in the crylA(b) protoxin resulted in loss of selectivity for one of the test insects. This lack of specificity was also found for this protoxin produced by an Escherichia coli clone, probably because of the reducing conditions in these cells. Specificity was restored by reoxidation of the pure protoxin, by removal of the carboxyl half of oxidized protoxin with trypsin, or by subcloning of the toxin portion. The oxidized form of protoxins must be important for specificity, for the formation of crystalline inclusions, and probably for interactions required for the stabilization of some protoxins.
Charge differences between human IgG isoantibodies associated with specificity. (1969)

Human sera containing various blood group antibodies were fractionated on carboxymethylcellulose, using stepwise elution, and fractions were assayed for total IgG concentration and for antibody titre. Whereas the highest concentration of total IgG was regularly found in the 0.06 M phosphate fraction, the highest titres of anti-D, anti-E and anti-Fy(a) were found in the 0.1 and 0.15 M fractions indicating that these antibodies are less negatively charged than the bulk of the IgG. In two cases in which the concentration of anti-D was estimated with radioiodine-labelled antiglobulin, the amount in the 0.15 M fraction, as a percentage of total IgG present, was respectively eight and seventeen times higher than in whole serum. With the Rh antibodies anti-c and anti-e, the difference from total IgG in elution pattern was less striking, the antibodies being found mainly in the 0.06–0.1 M fractions. Finally, the distribution of anti-K, anti-A and anti-B in the different fractions did not differ from that of total IgG.
Sound (image, text): Audiovisual relationships in M+M (2015)

M+M was produced for the 2013 Melbourne International Festival of the Arts as a co-production between the Festival, Theatre Works and Daniel Schlusser Ensemble.1 Billed as a 'free adaptation' of Mikhail Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita, it would be more accurately described as an autonomous theatre creation that was built around motifs, characters and the action of the novel, infused with the distinctive humour and anarchy of Bulgakov but also creating its own narrative possibilities. Set in the confines of a prison or asylum, fracturing the source materials across performers, binding the character of Margarita with the punk-protesters Pussy Riot and the Christ-story, the production could be read as examining political tyranny in Russia both past and present, or more broadly as an examination of the role of resistance, unconditional love, sacrifice, and individual acts of artistic creation as a ritualistic defence of the polis.