gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative genomic hybridization detects genetic imbalances in primary ovarian carcinomas as correlated with grade of differentiation (2001)

BACKGROUND In the current study the authors attempted to evaluate genetic alterations in a large set of primary ovarian carcinomas and to compare the genetic findings with clinical parameters such as grade of tumor differentiation. This strategy was applied to identify chromosomal regions containing genes associated with tumor progression. METHODS Genetic imbalances were assessed in 106 primary ovarian carcinomas using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). CGH was applied because it is a powerful tool with which to screen the entire genome of a tumor for genetic changes by highlighting regions of altered DNA sequence copy numbers (deletions and amplifications). Multivariate statistical standard procedures were used to determine an association between tumor grading and genetic alterations. RESULTS One hundred three carcinomas showed aberrant CGH profiles. The most frequent alterations were amplifications of 8q, 1q, 20q, 3q, and 19p, which occurred in 69–53% of tumors, and underrepresentations of 13q, 4q, and 18q, which occurred in 54–50% of tumors. Undifferentiated ovarian carcinomas (World Health Organization Grade 3) were found to be correlated significantly with underrepresentation of 11p and 13q as well as with overrepresentation of 8q and 7p (P = 0.001, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.027, respectively). However, 12p underrepresentation and 18p overrepresentation were significantly more frequent in well and moderately differentiated tumors (P = 0.01 and 0.004, respectively). To facilitate the interpretation and clinical application of the results of the current study, the significant aberrations were translated into a score system. This score system can be used easily for the prediction of an undifferentiated phenotype with a specificity and sensitivity of 79% and 86%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The current study data show that primary ovarian carcinomas are based on consistent genetic alterations that most likely are important for the development of this tumor entity. The correlation between certain aberrations and undifferentiated carcinomas may help to discriminate between primary and secondary genetic events and may indicate the location of those genes involved in cellular functions associated with tumor progression and the development of anaplastic and aggressive phenotypes. Cancer 2001;91:534–40. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay of GADD45 gene expression changes as a biomarker for radiation biodosimetry (2002)

Primer and probes to detect GADD45 targets using real-time PCR were developed. This is the first report using realtime QRT-PCR to measure radiation-induced GEC dose response. Real-time QRT-PCR using GEC as biomarkers offers rapidity, sensitivity, and reproducibility as a potential efficient biological dosimetry tool applicable in radiation therapy applications and early-response accident biodosimetry.
The Enzymatic Breakdown of Pantethine to Pantothenic Acid and Cystamine (1970)

The enzyme splitting pantethine into pantothenic acid and cystamine has been purified about 3000 times starting from horse kidney. The purification procedure is reported. The enzyme, whose optimal activity lies in the pH range 4.0–5.5, requires the presence of a reduced thiol for the full activity: mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol give the higher effect. This activation seems not to be specific. The enzyme has a K m value for the substrate of the order of 5 mM and shows inhibition by excess substrate and by products. Substrate specificity studies show that the enzyme splits only the intact substrate molecule, which is not hydrolyzed by several hydrolytic enzymes, even with a broad specificity (as bacterial pronase and subtilisin). The enzyme could be responsible for the production in vivo of cysteamine, which is known to be oxydized by a specific oxygenase, isolated recently in this laboratory.
Modulation of fibroblast growth by a lymphokine of human T cell continuous T cell line origin. (1983)

Human peripheral blood T lymphocytes activated by mitogens or specific antigen produce a mediator that stimulates proliferation in a quiescent population of dermal fibroblasts. This lymphocyte product, which may have implications in the fibrosis associated with chronic cell-mediated inflammatory lesions, is not elaborated by unstimulated lymphocytes. Characterization of the fibroblast mitogenic factor differentiated it from a monocyte-derived factor with similar activity. The T cell factor appears to be a protein with an apparent m.w. of 40,000 and an isoelectric point between 5.0 and 5.5. This fibroblast growth factor can be produced in the relative absence of monocytes, and further evidence that the factor is a T cell product stems from the ability of a human T cell line to generate such a factor. Comparison of the biochemical characteristics of the normal T cell product with those of the T cell line revealed them to be indistinguishable. Thus, the T cell line can be used as a source of fibroblast-activating factor (FAF) for more detailed analysis of its structure and function. Further characterization of this lymphokine may contribute to understanding the mechanisms that mediate fibrosis in normal tissue repair as well as in the pathophysiologic fibrotic response associated with certain chronic inflammatory diseases.
Profiling proteins from azoxymethane-induced colon tumors at the molecular level by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (2001)

New developments in mass spectrometry allow for the profiling of the major proteomic content of fresh tissue sections. Briefly, fresh tissue sections are sampled and blotted onto a polyethylene membrane for protein transfer and then subsequently analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Using this technology, we have compared the protein expression of normal and cancerous mouse colon tissue obtained from the same animal. By difference, several protein signals specific to cancerous tissue were observed. A protein extract obtained from the tumors was fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the individual fractions analyzed by MALDI-MS. The fractions containing the targeted proteins were subjected to trypsin digestion. The resulting tryptic peptides were sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry, and based on the recovered partial amino acid sequences, three of the tumor specific protein markers were identified as calgranulin A (S100A8), calgranulin B (S100A9) and calgizzarin (S100A11).
Understanding how simple magnifiers provide image enlargement (2003)

The simple magnifier is a positive power, usually single lens placed between the page and the eye to give an enlarged image. Its 'magnification' is typically expressed as its dioptric power divided by four but this presumes that the reader uses the magnifier in a specific way. Magnifiers rarely meet their rated specification so they often disappoint the expectations of both patients and eye-care practitioners for vision improvement. In this paper, I describe the basic optics of the simple magnifier and a protocol for the provision of a suitable magnifier to meet general vision needs. Advice on the use of a magnifier should be given to patients at the time of prescribing, thus ensuring practical outcomes for vision improvement and success in meeting the patient's vision needs.
Development of a compensating algorithm for an iron-cored measurement current transformer (2009)

This paper describes the design of a compensating algorithm for an iron-cored measurement current transformer (CT) that removes the effects of the hysteresis characteristics of the iron-core. The exciting current resulting from the hysteresis characteristics of the core causes an error between the primary current and the secondary current of the CT. The proposed algorithm decomposes the exciting current into the core loss current and the magnetizing current and each of them is estimated. The core loss current is calculated from the secondary voltage and the voltage-core loss current curve. The core flux linkage is calculated and then inserted into the flux-current curve to estimate the magnetizing current. The exciting current at every sampling interval is obtained by summing the core-loss and magnetizing currents and then added to the measured current to compensate the secondary current. The voltage-core loss current curve and flux-current curves, which are different from the conventional curves, are derived in this paper. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated under various conditions using EMTP generated data. The experimental test results of an iron-core type electronic CT, which consists of the iron-core and the compensation board, are also included. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can improve the accuracy of the measurement CT significantly, and thus reduce the size and the cost of the CT.
Clinical confocal microlaparoscope for real-time in vivo optical biopsies (2009)

Successful treatment of cancer is highly dependent on the stage at which it is diagnosed. Early diagnosis, when the disease is still localized at its origin, results in very high cure rates-even for cancers that typically have poor prognosis. Biopsies are often used for diagnosis of disease. However, because biopsies are destructive, only a limited number can be taken. This leads to reduced sensitivity for detection due to sampling error. A real-time fluorescence confocal microlaparoscope has been developed that provides instant in vivo cellular images, comparable to those provided by histology, through a nondestructive procedure. The device includes an integrated contrast agent delivery mechanism and a computerized depth scan system. The instrument uses a fiber bundle to relay the image plane of a slit-scan confocal microlaparoscope into tissue. It has a 3-mum lateral resolution and a 25-mum axial resolution. Initial in vivo clinical testing using the device to image human ovaries has been done in 21 patients. Results indicate that the device can successfully image organs in vivo without complications. Results with excised tissue demonstrate that the instrument can resolve sufficient cellular detail to visualize the cellular changes associated with the onset of cancer.
Infecciones por virus de Epstein-Barr y citomegalovirus en pacientes con síndrome mononucleósico (2013)

Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia de infecciones por el virus de Epstein Barr (VEB) y citomegalovirus (CMV) como agentes etiologicos del sindrome mononucleosico en Cuba. Metodo: Se estudiaron 555 sueros de pacientes con diagnostico presuntivo de mononucleosis infecciosa (anos 2006-2011), mediante ensayos inmunoenzimaticos de ELISA, segun los protocolos descritos para los virus VEB y CMV, por los fabricantes de la casa comercial DiaSorin (Italia). Se determino el riesgo, el intervalo de confianza y la significacion estadistica entre las diferentes variables. Resultados: La prevalencia de IgG fue de 80,2% y 64,3% para CMV y VEB, respectivamente. En 53,2% de las muestras se detecto una infeccion activa (primaria o recurrente), siendo mas frecuentes por VEB (35,9%) que por CMV(17,3%), (OR: 2,9, IC:2,2-3,9, p≤0,0001). Comportamiento similar se observo para las infecciones primarias (17,8%vs 2,9%) (OR: 7,7, IC: 4,4-13,3, p≤0,0001). Las infecciones activas fueron menos frecuentes entre los seropositivo al VIH (7,9% para CMV y 21,1% para VEB). La mayoria de las infecciones primarias (CMV 74,7%, VEB 93,7%) se identificaron en pacientes menores de 18 anos, con un riesgo mayor para las infecciones ocasionadas por CMV (OR:12,5, IC: 1,6-95 p=0,0010) y VEB (OR: 2,8, IC:1,7-4,5 p≤0,0001), respectivamente. Conclusiones: Se confirma que las infecciones primarias y recurrentes por el virus de Epstein-Barr son causa frecuente de sindrome mononucleosico, aunque el citomegalovirus puede tambien producirlo. Los resultados de este estudio refuerzan la importancia de combinar los estudios serologicos con los moleculares para el diagnostico de herpesvirus como agentes causales de sindrome mononucleosico.
Nanopattern enabled terahertz all-optical switching on vanadium dioxide thin film (2011)

We demonstrate ultrafast all-optical control of terahertz (THz) radiation through nanoresonators, slot antennas with a hundred micron length but submicron width in thin gold layers, fabricated on vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films. Our THz nanoresonators show almost perfect transmission at resonance. By virtue of phase transition of VO2 from insulating to metallic state, induced in subpicosecond time scale by moderate optical pump, ultrafast control of THz transmission is enabled. This is compared to bare VO2 films where no switching dynamics are observed under similar conditions.
Simplicity and typical rank of three‐way arrays, with applications to Tucker‐3 analysis with simple cores (2004)

Abstract In chemometric applications of Tucker three‐way principal component analysis, core arrays are often constrained to have a large majority of zero elements. This gives rise to questions of non‐triviality (are the constraints active, or can any core of a given format be transformed to satisfy the constraints?) and uniqueness (can we transform the components in one or more directions without losing the given pattern of zero elements in the core?). Rather than deciding such questions on an ad hoc basis, general principles are to be preferred. This paper gives an overview of simplicity transformations on the one hand, and typical rank results on the other, which are suitable to determine whether or not certain constrained cores are trivial. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to Know Your Bible. By A. Victor Murray. Allen and Unwin, London. Pp. 185. 12s. 6d. (1956)

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Evaluation of a nonisotopic probe for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in endocervical specimens (1990)

A nonisotopic probe (Gen-Probe PACE; Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, Calif.) for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in endocervical specimens was evaluated in 344 women attending a dysplasia clinic or an obstetrics clinic and 158 women who visited an emergency room. For each patient, the probe, a tissue cell culture, and a direct immunofluorescent-antibody test (DFA; MicroTrak; Syva Co., Palo Alto, Calif.) were used. C. trachomatis was detected in 54 specimens by at least one method. Forty-four, 44, and 37 specimens were positive by culture, probe, and DFA, respectively, and 31 were positive by all three methods. Considering culture-positive plus both probe- and DFA-positive results as the "gold standard," we determined the overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the probe to be 80, 98, 82, and 98%, respectively. These values were 94, 98, 84, and 99%, respectively, in emergency room patients and 71, 98, 80, and 97%, respectively, in clinic patients. The sensitivities, specificities, and negative predictive values of the DFA and probe were comparable. The positive predictive values of the DFA in all patients and in emergency room and clinic patients were 97, 100, and 95%, respectively. Given the number of probe-positive results that were not confirmed by culture, we do not recommend using the Gen-Probe PACE to screen for C. trachomatis in women with a low to moderate risk for infection.
Spoken Language Processing in a Conversational System for Child-Robot Interaction (2012)

We describe a conversational system for child-robot interaction built with an event-based integration approach using the Nao robot platform with the Urbi middleware within the ALIZE project. Our integrated system includes components for the recognition, interpretation and generation of speech and gestures, dialogue management and user modeling. We describe our approach to processing spoken input and output and highlight some practical implementation issues. We also present preliminary results from experiments where young Italian users interacted with the system.
Biodehalogenation: Rapid oxidative metabolism of mono- and polyhalomethanes by <i>Methylosinus trichosporium</i> OB-3b (1994)

Abstract Resting cells of Methylosinus trichosporium OB-3b grown in the absence of copper salts rapidly oxidize mono- and polyhalomethanes. The order of reactivity of the series is CH3X &gt; CH2X2 ≥ CHX3 (X = CI, Br). Based on halide ion release, the half-life for methyl bromide and methyl chloride is 9.4 min with a cell density of 0.1 g/ml. The dihalomethanes and bromo-form react at the same rate and half as rapidly as the methyl halides. Chloroform is converted to carbon dioxide at one-fourth the methyl halide rate (t1/2 = 38 min). No isotope effect was observed with either deuteromethylene chloride or deuterochloro-form (CD2Cl2, CDCl3). In all cases, the dehalogenation chemically follows an oxygen insertion into the CH bond, and the final product is carbon dioxide (HCO3−). All reactions are inhibited by acetylene, establishing methane monooxygenase as the responsible enzyme. Incubations with 13CHCl3, 13CH2Br2, and 13CH3Br and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of reaction mixtures showed the first hydrolytically stable products from CHCl3 (HCO3−) and CH2Br2 (CO), but neither formaldehyde nor formate could be detected as intermediates with methyl bromide by this method. The oxidative destruction of halo-methanes by this methylotroph is rapid and not very sensitive to structure.
Imidazolium and Imidazolinium Salts as Topical Antiseptics (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImidazolium and Imidazolinium Salts as Topical AntisepticsE. R. Shepard and H. A. ShonleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 10, 2269–2270Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01202a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01202a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Frame alignment in a digital carrier system-a tutorial (1990)

Four key timing parameters that are used as performance measures are defined; reframe time, false in-frame time, out-of-frame detection time, and misframe time. Several strategies that improve frame alignment performance are considered for the case of a burst frame alignment word (FAW). With a little modification, the same strategies could also be applied to the case of a distributed FAW. The probability generating function is introduced, and its derivation from a state transition diagram is presented. The probability generating function is used in the timing parameters estimation. As an example, the frame alignment of a SONET (synchronized optical network) STS-3 signal is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of a Morphing Wingtip (2015)

An initial design of a morphing wingtip for a regional jet aircraft is developed and evaluated. The adaptive wingtip concept is based upon a chiral-type internal structure, enabling controlled cant angle orientation, camber, and twist throughout the flight envelope. A baseline turbofan aircraft configuration model is used as the benchmark to assess the device. Computational fluid dynamics based aerodynamics are used to evaluate the required design configurations for the device at different points across the flight envelope in terms of lift/drag and bending moment distribution along the span, complemented by panel-method-based gust load computations. Detailed studies are performed to show how the chiral structure can facilitate the required shape changes in twist, camber, and cant. Actuator requirements and limitations are assessed, along with an evaluation of the aerodynamic gains from the inclusion of the device versus power and weight penalties. For a typical mission, it was found that savings of around 2% in fuel weight are possible using the morphing wingtip device. A similar reduction in weight due to passive gust load alleviation is also possible with a slight change of configuration.
The Importance of Power-Tail Distributions for Modeling Queueing Systems (1999)

Power-tail distributions are those for which the reliability function is of the form x −α for large x. Although they look well behaved, they have the singular property that E(X ℓ ) = ∞ for all ℓ ≥ α. Thus it is possible to have a distribution with an infinite variance, or even an infinite mean. As pathological as these distributions seem to be, they occur everywhere in nature, from the CPU time used by jobs on main-frame computers to sizes of files stored on discs, earthquakes, or even health insurance claims. Recently, traffic on the “electronic super highway” was revealed to be of this type, too. In this paper we first describe these distributions in detail and show their suitability to model self-similar behavior, e.g., of the traffic stated above. Then we show how these distributions can occur in computer system environments and develop a so-called truncated analytical model that in the limit is power-tail. We study and compare the effects on system performance of a GI/M/1 model both for the truncated and the limit case, and demonstrate the usefulness of these approaches particularly for Markov modeling with LAQT (Linear Algebraic Approach to Queueing Theory, Lipsky 1992) techniques.
Drosophila RNA polymerase II elongation factor DmS-II has homology to mouse S-II and sequence similarity to yeast PPR2 (1990)

DmSII is a Drosophila RNA polymerase II elongation factor which suppresses pausing by RNA polymerase II at specific sites on double stranded templates. Using antibodies produced against the purified protein, a Drosophila cDNA expression library was screened and a cDNA was isolated which encoded a portion of DmSII. When this cDNA was used to probe Kc cell mRNA the predominant species was found to be 1.4 kb in length. The original cDNA was used to screen a Drosophila Kc cell cDNA library resulting in the isolation of a 1.4 kb cDNA which was then sequenced. The deduced protein sequence for DmSII exhibited high similarity to mouse SII protein sequence. In addition, significant sequence similarity was found with the protein encoded by the yeast gene PPR2, which is involved in regulation of URA4 gene expression. The comparison of amino acid sequences suggests that DmSII is comprised of two domains homologous to mouse SII separated by a flexible, serine rich region of low homology. The shorter yeast protein has sequence similarity only to the carboxy terminal domain.