gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scaling of ferroelectric properties in thin films (1999)

A fundamental issue in ferroic systems (ferromagnetic and ferroelectric) is the scaling of the order parameter (magnetization or polarization) with size. Specifically, in ferroelectric thin films, deviations in the polarization can occur due to: (i) competition between thermal vibrations and the correlation energy (which aligns the dipoles) and (ii) damage during fabrication. These deviations will have a profound impact on the performance of the next generation of high-density nonvolatile memories based on the spontaneous polarization. We have combined approaches, namely, focused ion-beam milling to define submicron capacitors and scanning force microscopy to examine the scaling of the fundamental ferroelectric response of these capacitors. We find that the capacitors exhibit ferroelectric properties for lateral dimensions down to at least 100 nm, suggesting that memories with densities in the range of 4–16 Gbits can be successfully fabricated.
Vertically coupled InP microdisk switching devices with electroabsorptive active regions (2002)

InP vertically coupled microdisk resonator/waveguide switching devices with an electroabsorptive (EA) active region are demonstrated for the first time. The devices exhibit single-mode operation, large free spectral range of 10.5 nm and a high quality factor of 5700. The EA effect provides a way of loss-trimming the resonant characteristics. Active switches, routers, and fast modulators based on these devices are envisioned as part of a WDM system.
Selected Natural Colorants in Foods and Beverages (2001)

Four major categories of food colorants are reviewed, i.e., carotenoids, anthocyanins, the products of enzymatic browning and substances formed by non-enzymatic browning. Topics covered within each class are structure, biosynthesis, occurrence, stability, effects of food processing and physiological properties. Much is known concerning the structures and formation of carotenoids, anthocyanins and theaflavins while the structures of thearubigins and products of non-enzymatic browning largely remain to be elucidated. There is a lack of knowledge concerning the uptake, distribution, bioavailability and bioactivity of food colorants in the human body.
Proximity effect and interface transparency in Nb/Cu multilayers (2009)

The interface transparency T is quantitatively studied in Nb/Cu multilayers. The dependence of the critical temperature Tc on both the thickness of superconducting layers dS in Cu/Nb/Cu trilayers and on the number of Nb/Cu bilayers Nb in Cu/[Nb/Cu]Nb multilayers is considered. The experimental results are analyzed on the base of the exact solution of Usadel equations. We obtain that there is an infinite number of pairs of (T,ξN) (ξN being the normal metal coherence length) which describes the measured Tc(dS) dependence with the same accuracy. This degeneracy is removed if the experimental Tc(Nb) dependence is analyzed. This allows to unambiguously determine, without the need of an independent estimation of ξN, the value of T for our system. This general method turns out to be especially useful when dealing with superconducting/normal metal hybrids for which microscopic parameters are not well determined.
The role of the non‐homologous end‐joining pathway in lymphocyte development (2004)

One of the most toxic insults a cell can incur is a disruption of its linear DNA in the form of a double-strand break (DSB). Left unrepaired, or repaired improperly, these lesions can result in cell death or neoplastic transformation. Despite these dangers, lymphoid cells purposely introduce DSBs into their genome to maximize the diversity and effector functions of their antigen receptor genes. While the generation of breaks requires distinct lymphoid-specific factors, their resolution requires various ubiquitously expressed DNA-repair proteins, known collectively as the non-homologous end-joining pathway. In this review, we discuss the factors that constitute this pathway as well as the evidence of their involvement in two lymphoid-specific DNA recombination events.
Research on key tchnologies for collision avoidance automotive radar (2009)

Anti-interference capability and low cost play decisive roles for the break-through on the market of collision avoidance automotive radar.With the increasing use of automotive radar, the mutual interference becomes an issue. This paper proposes a novel signal design and signal processing methods for automotive radar, which combine good anti-interference capacity and the low cost of conventional frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. The radar signal is easy to be generated and its signal processing can be performed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. So, the proposed new methods is feasible and effective.
Techniques for the digital interfacing of t.d.m.-f.d.m. systems (1976)

The problems of digital interfacing of t.d.m.—f.d.m. systems are considered. A novel method of converting t.d.m. to f.d.m. signals using digital signal processors is proposed. This method makes use of a periodically varying digital filter coupled with a fast Fourier transformer. The combination of these two devices takes advantage of the lowest possible sampling rate for the system, and thus greatly reduce the complexity and cost of the convertor. The method can be applied equally well for f.d.m. to t.d.m. conversion.
Negative reciprocal regulation between Sirt1 and Per2 modulates the circadian clock and aging (2016)

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is involved in both aging and circadian-clock regulation, yet the link between the two processes in relation to SIRT1 function is not clear. Using Sirt1-deficient mice, we found that Sirt1 and Period 2 (Per2) constitute a reciprocal negative regulation loop that plays important roles in modulating hepatic circadian rhythmicity and aging. Sirt1-deficient mice exhibited profound premature aging and enhanced acetylation of histone H4 on lysine16 (H4K16) in the promoter of Per2, the latter of which leads to its overexpression; in turn, Per2 suppresses Sirt1 transcription through binding to the Sirt1 promoter at the Clock/Bmal1 site. This negative reciprocal relationship between SIRT1 and PER2 was also observed in human hepatocytes. We further demonstrated that the absence of Sirt1 or the ectopic overexpression of Per2 in the liver resulted in a dysregulated pace of the circadian rhythm. The similar circadian rhythm was also observed in aged wild type mice. The interplay between Sirt1 and Per2 modulates aging gene expression and circadian-clock maintenance.
[Synthesis of new pyrido-(3',2':4,5)-thieno-(3,2-d)-1,2,3-triazine derivatives as antianaphylactics]. (1993)

Some new pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]1,2,3-triazine-4(3H)-ones (C) were synthesized from 2-thioxo-1,2-dihydro-3-carbonitriles (A) via the 3-amino-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamides (B). Substances of structure A were converted to 3-amino-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carbonitriles (G) which yielded the desired 4-amino substituted compounds I via the tricyclic 4-chloro-pyrido[3',2':4:5]thieno[3,2-d]1,2,3-triazines (H) by the reaction with N-nucleophiles. Some of the investigated compounds showed a respectable antianaphylactic activity.
Description of Thermoanaerobacter brockii subsp. lactiethylicus subsp. nov., Isolated from a Deep Subsurface French Oil Well, a Proposal To Reclassify Thermoanaerobacter finnii as Thermoanaerobacter brockii subsp. finnii comb. nov., and an Emended Description of Thermoanaerobacter brockii (1995)

A strictly anaerobic, thermophilic, gram-positive, spore-forming cubacterium designated strain SERB 5268T (T = type strain) was isolated from an oil field at a depth of 2,100 m, where the temperature was 92 degrees C. The cells of this organism were gram-positive, straight, motile rods (0.5 by 2 to 3 microns) with peritrichous flagella. The cells occurred singly or in pairs during the logarithmic growth phase, but were pleomporphic and filamentous (length, 15 microns) in old cultures. Growth occurred at temperatures of 40 to 75 degrees C, and optimum growth occurred at temperatures between 55 and 60 degrees C. The fermentable substrates included glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, cellobiose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, D-xylose, D-ribose, mannitol, pyruvate, and starch. The products of fermentation of glucose were lactate, acetate, ethanol, H2, and CO2. The DNA base composition was 35 mol% G+C. The results of 16S rRNA sequence comparisons indicated that strain SEBR 5268T was closely related to Thermoanaerobacter brockii and Thermoanaerobacter finnii, and these three organisms exhibited levels of ribosomal DNA sequence homology of 98 to 99%. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization studies performed with the three organisms confirmed this close affiliation, and as base pairing values of > 70% were obtained, these organisms belong to the same species. Therefore, we propose that T. finnii should be reclassified as a subspecies of T. brockii, Thermoanaerobacter brockii subsp. finnii comb. nov. This automatically creates Thermoanaerobacter brockii subsp. brockii. We also propose that strain SEBR 5268T should be classified as a member of a new subspecies of T. brockii, Thermoanaerobacter brockii subsp. lactiehylicus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Osmium Isotope Evidence for an S-Process Carrier in Primitive Chondrites (2005)

The degree of isotopic mixing in the solar nebula and the nature of pre-solar components that have contributed to our solar system remain subjects of vigorous debate. Isotopic anomalies have been identified in Ca-Al inclusions in chondrites [1-4]. This indicates that refractory pre-solar components were not completely homogenized or processed away at the high temperatures experienced by CAIs. Pre-solar grains (SiC, C, etc.) are prevalent in primitive chondrites, and preserve isotopic heterogeneity resulting from the nucleosynthetic processes occurring in the stars from which these grains formed [2,4]. Several recent studies employing precise techniques for measuring Ru, Mo and Zr isotopes in bulk meteorites, have come up with varying conclusions on the degree of effectiveness of nebular mixing on the scale of bulk meteorite material. Some of these studies have reported isotopic anomalies in Mo and Ru [3,5-7], while others have not observed anomalies in Mo, Ru, or Zr [8-10]. Debate over the quality of the data, the normalization techniques employed, the absence or presence of isobaric interferences during the measurements on different types of instruments (e.g. TIMS versus ICP-MS), and other factors, has ensued [11,12].
Annular lens soft aperture for high power laser systems (1976)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text B. J. Feldman and S. J. Gitomer, "Annular lens soft aperture for high power laser systems," Appl. Opt. 15, 1379-1380 (1976) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Synergistic Protection of N-Acetylcysteine and Ascorbic Acid 2-Phosphate on Human Mesenchymal Stem cells Against Mitoptosis, Necroptosis and Apoptosis (2015)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) contribute to ischemic tissue repair, regeneration, and possess ability to self-renew. However, poor viability of transplanted hMSCs within ischemic tissues has limited its therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new method to improve the viability of the grafted cells. By using a systematic analysis, we reveal the mechanism of synergistic protection of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) on hMSCs that were under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The combined treatment of NAC and AAP (NAC/AAP) reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, stabilizes mitochondrial membrane potential and decreases mitochondrial fission/fragmentation due to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial fission/fragmentation is a major prologue of mitoptosis. NAC/AAP prevents apoptotic cell death via decreasing the activation of BAX, increasing the expression of BCL2, and reducing cytochrome c release from mitochondria that might lead to the activation of caspase cascade. Stabilization of mitochondria also prevents the release of AIF, and its nuclear translocation which may activate necroptosis via H2AX pathway. The decreasing of mitoptosis is further studied by MicroP image analysis, and is associated with decreased activation of Drp1. In conclusion, NAC/AAP protects mitochondria from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and rescues hMSCs from mitoptosis, necroptosis and apoptosis.
A Modulated Complex Lapped Transform and its Application to Audio Processing (1999)

This paper introduces a new structure for a modulated complex lapped transform (MCLT), which is a complex extension of the modulated lapped transform (MLT). The MCLT is a particular kind of a 2x oversampled generalized DFT filter bank, whose real part corresponds to the MLT. That property can be used for efficient implementation of joint echo cancellation, noise reduction, and coding, for example. Fast algorithms for the MCLT are presented, as well as examples that show the good performance of the MCLT in noise reduction and echo cancellation.
Gene and protein expressions of p28<sup>GANK</sup>in rat with liver regeneration (2003)

The expression of p28GANK mRNA increases in the early stage of rat liver regeneration, the protein expression of p28GANK is mainly in the cytoplasm of regenerating liver cells. It suggests that the gene of p28GANK may be an important regulatory and controlled factor involved in hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration.
The Comparative Ototoxicities of Gentamicin, Tobramycin and Dibekacin in the Guinea Pig A Functional and Morphological Cochlear and Vestibular Study (1982)

The cochleo- and vestibulotoxicities of a new aminoglyco-sidic antibiotic, dibekacin, have been compared, in the guinea pig, with those of gentamicin and tobramycin. Besides an untreated control group, three groups of pigmented guinea pigs have been treated with 20 consecutive daily subcutaneous injections of one of these antibiotics respectively, with a dosage of 90 mg/kg/day (30 times the recommended human therapeutic dose which is the same for the three aminosides studied: 3 mg/kg/day). The auditory and vestibular functions in the awake animal were studied respectively by the measurement of thresholds of click-evoked responses at the auditory cortex and by the recording of eye movements (electronystagmography) during damped sinusoidal rotatory stimulation. These functions were monitored before, during and after the treatments in a few guinea pigs in each group, chronically implanted with auditory cortex and periocular electrodes. These functions were assessed only at the end of the experiments in the other guinea pigs, just before sacrifice, 2-3 months after conclusion of the treatments. The inner ear receptors were then evaluated morphologically. The evaluations were based on remaining hair cell counts using surface preparations for the cochlea or serial sections for the crista ampullaris, maculae utriculi and sacculi of one ear for each guinea pig. Scanning electron microscopic examinations of the other ear was also performed. These functional and morphological observations, which correlate quite precisely, indicate that gentamicin has been severely toxic, both cochlearly and vestibularly, that tobramycin has been cochleotoxic-like gentamicin-and also, though to a lesser degree, vestibulotoxic, while dibekacin appeared to be vestibulotoxic-like tobramycin but far less cochleotoxic.
CHECKS ON THE WATER BALANCE OF A SMALL CATCHMENT (1972)

The paper discusses water balance data for a small (16 km2) boulder clay catchment. In order to check the accuracy of the calculations, water balances are cast for different, overlapping periods of time within the same run of data (e.g. three-year, annual, seasonal, monthly, ten-day and storm-period). For each period the residual values are satisfactorily low (cf. 12 mm for the three-year balance and zero for the storm-period balance). A further series of checks is provided by rewriting the water equation in a number of different ways to enable estimated and measured values of certain water balance components to be compared. It is concluded that the measured values seem to be accurate and that the catchment appears to be watertight.
Serum miR-200c Is a Novel Prognostic and Metastasis-Predictive Biomarker in Patients With Colorectal Cancer (2013)

Serum miR-200c has strong potential to serve as a noninvasive biomarker for CRC prognosis and predicting metastasis.
Acid, base, and uncatalysed isomerisation of Z-to E-amidine. A mechanistic study (1986)

The Z-amidines (2Z) have been prepared by stereospecific reaction of nitrilium ion intermediates and the kinetics of interconversion into the E-amidines (2E) studied in aqueous solution at 25 °C. The interconversion is strongly catalysed by acid, so that at all pH values < 11, the acid-catalysed pathway (C–N bond rotation in the protonated species) dominates. A pH-independent reaction (uncatalysed nitrogen inversion) is observed over a narrow range at high pH while with one amidine (5aZ) carrying the most electron-withdrawing substituent, base catalysis (probably reversible addition of HO–) is unexpectedly observed. The more reactive amidines [e.g.(5c)] were formed and their isomerisations studied in situ; however, introduction of electron withdrawal in the substituent on the imino nitrogen [such as (5a)] or on the amino nitrogen [such as (2d)] permitted the isolation of pure Z-isomers.
Two Integrated Progressive Scan Converters (1986)

Before explaining the application and implementation of the two scan converters in detail, a brief description will be given of the digital environment in which these converters can be applied. Some general aspects of progressive scan and its impact on vertical bandwidth will also be discussed.
Neural networks based identification of helicopter dynamics using flight data (2004)

Identification of lateral and longitudinal dynamics of a helicopter using flight data is presented. Neural networks with linear filter also known as Narendra's model and recurrent neural networks with internal memory (memory neuron networks) are used for the purpose. These networks are used for identifying the rate and attitude response of the helicopter to a given longitudinal cyclic and lateral cyclic inputs. The relative effectiveness of these algorithms has been discussed.
The oberon system (1989)

Abstract In this paper we describe an operating system for a workstation designed and implemented by the authors within two and a half years. It includes memory management and module loader, a file system, a viewer system, editors for text and graphics, a compiler, a server interface and various tools. The primary motivation was to demonstrate the feasibility of a small, yet highly flexible and powerful, system, a system that is a (decimal) order of magnitude smaller than commonly used operating systems. This is possible due to regularity of concepts and concentration on the essential. The benefits are not only fewer resources needed, but elegance and generality of concepts resulting in transparency and convenience of use and increased reliability. A corner‐stone of this approach is genuine extensibility, which is achieved by a new language, in particular by a facility called type extension. It allows for the integration of variables (objects) of a new, extended type in structures of elements of an existing base type.
Cell-Permeable and Plasma-Stable Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of the Postsynaptic Density-95/<i>N</i>-Methyl-<scp>d</scp>-Aspartate Receptor Interaction (2011)

The protein--protein interaction between the NMDA receptor and its intracellular scaffolding protein, PSD-95, is a potential target for treating ischemic brain diseases, neuropathic pain, and Alzheimer's disease. We have previously demonstrated that N-alkylated tetrapeptides are potent inhibitors of this interaction, and here, this template is exploited for the development of blood plasma-stable and cell-permeable inhibitors. Initially, we explored both the amino acid sequence of the tetrapeptide and the nature of the N-alkyl groups, which consolidated N-cyclohexylethyl-ETAV (1) as the most potent and selective compound. Next, the amide moieties of N-methylated ETAV were systematically replaced with thioamides, demonstrating that one of three amide bonds could be replaced without compromising the affinity. Subsequent optimization of the N-alkyl groups and evaluation of cell permeability led to identification of N-cyclohexylethyl-ETA(S)V (54) as the most potent, plasma-stable and cell-permeable inhibitor, which is a promising tool in unraveling the therapeutic potential of the PSD-95/NMDA receptor interaction.
A survey on quantum information technology (2012)

After nearly three decades of rapid development, the quantum information technology in the theoretical and technical studies has gained remarkable achievements. This review gives a brief introduction to the development of various hot research branches of quantum information technology, including quantum cryptography, quantum communication, quantum computing, quantum simulation, quantum metrology, and fundamental theory of quantum information. In addition, this review also discusses various physical systems which have been well applied in the quantum information technology, such as atomic, molecular and optical physics, different branches in solid state physics (superconducting Josephson Junction system, semiconductor quantum dots, Nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond), trapped ions, and nuclear magnetic resonance system. With the investigation and accumulation of quantum information technology, the ability to control microscopic world has been significantly improved. Quantum cryptography has been close to the practical application and the long-distance quantum communication has overcome the practical obstacles in principle. Quantum simulation is close to the limit of the classical computer. Also, quantum metrology has gained rapid development. This review not only shows the situation of the international development of quantum information technology, but also highlights the achievements of China in recent years. These achievements demonstrate that China is an indispensable force in the worldwide quantum information community.
An Alternative Approach to the Valuation of American Options and Applications (1999)

In this paper we examine the structure of American option valuation problems and derive analytic valuation formulas under general underlying security price processes by an alternative but intuitive method. For alternative diffusion processes, we derive closed form analytic valuation formulas and analyze the implications of asset price dynamics on the early exercise premiums of American options. In this regard, we introduce useful and interesting diffusion processes into American option pricing literature, thus providing a wide range of choices of pricing models for various American-type derivative assets. This work offers a useful analytic framework for future empirical testing and practical applications.