gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmental Epigenetics and Asthma (2008)

Recent studies suggest that epigenetic regulation (heritable changes in gene expression that occur in the absence of alterations in DNA sequences) may in part mediate the complex gene-by-environment interactions that can lead to asthma. The variable natural history of asthma (i.e., incidence and remission of symptoms) may be a result of epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, microRNA changes, and chromatin alterations, after early or later environmental exposures. Findings from multiple epidemiologic and experimental studies indicate that asthma risk may be modified by epigenetic regulation. One study suggested that the transmission of asthma risk may occur across multiple generations. Experimental studies provide substantial in vitro data indicating that DNA methylation of genes critical to T-helper cell differentiation may induce polarization toward or away from an allergic phenotype. Despite this initial progress, fundamental questions remain that need to be addressed by well-designed research studies. Data generated from controlled experiments using in vivo models and/or clinical specimens collected after environmental exposure monitoring are limited. Importantly, cohort-driven epigenetic research has the potential to address key questions, such as those concerning the influence of timing of exposure, dose of exposure, diet, and ethnicity on susceptibility to asthma development. There is immense promise that the study of environmental epigenetics will help us understand a theoretically preventable environmental disease.
Efficient Small Blob Detection Based on Local Convexity, Intensity and Shape Information (2015)

The identification of small structures (blobs) from medical images to quantify clinically relevant features, such as size and shape, is important in many medical applications. One particular application explored here is the automated detection of kidney glomeruli after targeted contrast enhancement and magnetic resonance imaging. We propose a computationally efficient algorithm, termed the Hessian-based Difference of Gaussians (HDoG), to segment small blobs (e.g., glomeruli from kidney) from 3D medical images based on local convexity, intensity and shape information. The image is first smoothed and pre-segmented into small blob candidate regions based on local convexity. Two novel 3D regional features (regional blobness and regional flatness) are then extracted from the candidate regions. Together with regional intensity, the three features are used in an unsupervised learning algorithm for auto post-pruning. HDoG is first validated in a 2D form and compared with other three blob detectors from literature, which are generally for 2D images only. To test the detectability of blobs from 3D images, 240 sets of simulated images are rendered for scenarios mimicking the renal nephron distribution observed in contrast-enhanced, 3D MRI. The results show a satisfactory performance of HDoG in detecting large numbers of small blobs. Two sets of real kidney 3D MR images (6 rats, 3 human) are then used to validate the applicability of HDoG for glomeruli detection. By comparing MRI to stereological measurements, we verify that HDoG is a robust and efficient unsupervised technique for 3D blobs segmentation.
Labelling of retinal microglial cells following an intravenous injection of a fluorescent dye into rats of different ages (2000)

Retinal microglia were selectively and sequentially labelled in different layers of the retina of postnatal rats following a single intravenous injection of the fluorescent dye, rhodamine isothiocyanate (RhIc). The fluorescent cells were doubly immunostained with OX-42 and ED-1 antibodies that recognise complement type 3 (CR3) receptors and macrophage antigen, respectively. RhIc was first detected in the retinal blood vessels 5 min after injection. At 1 h, a variable number of microglia in the inner layers of the retina, namely, the nerve fibre and ganglion cell layers appeared to emit weak fluorescence. Labelled microglial cells in the inner nuclear and outer plexiform layers were not detected until 1 and 2 d had elapsed following RhIc injection. The number of labelled retinal microglia was progressively increased with time, peaking at 4 d after RhIc injection. The frequency of RhIc labelled cells also increased with age, with the largest number of cells occurring in 7-d-old rats but declined thereafter. In 11 d or older rats, RhIc was confined to the retinal blood vessels. It is concluded that when injected into the circulation, RhIc could readily gain access into the retina tissues due to an inefficient blood-retina barrier in early postnatal stages. It became impeded with maturation of the blood-retina barrier, which was established between 11 and 13 d of age. RhIc that inundated the retinal tissues was thoroughly sequestered by the resident microglial cells. It is therefore suggested that the latter could play a protective role against serum-derived substances that may be deleterious to the developing retina.
Aerodynamic and heat transfer studies in a combustor-fired, fixed-vane cascade with film cooling (2009)

Pressure and heat transfer data has been generated in a high-pressure, high-temperature vane cascade. This cascade differs from many others seen in typical low-pressure facilities using room temperature air. Primarily, a natural gas-fired combustor generates realistic turbulence profiles in the high-temperature exhaust gases that pass through the vane cascade. The fixed-vane cascade test sections have film cooling holes machined into the surfaces in arrangements that closely model configurations seen in real-life first-row nozzle guide vanes (NGV). Theoretical coolant jet-to-crossflow blowing ratios (M) range from 0.5 to 3.0. Coolant jet-to-crossflow theoretical density ratios (DR) used for typical tests vary between 1.0 and 2.5. A strong relationship has been observed between blowing ratio and density ratio. Mostly due to increased mass associated with the addition of combustion gases, pressure data for heated crossflows shows slight decreases in crossflow-to-surface pressure ratios (PR) when compared to non-heated data. Heat transfer data consists of normalized metal temperatures (NMT) and heat transfer coefficients (HTC). All sets of NMT and HTC data at different crossflow-to-coolant temperature ratios (TR) show general increases with rising blowing ratio. Temperature ratios can be altered with the combustor’s integrated fuel control system. NMT data typically indicates better coolant performance for lower temperature ratios. Averaged overall endwall NMT values go through regions dependent on blowing ratio where varying the temperature ratio gives best performance. Higher blowing ratios cause lower NMT generally due to reduced coolant coverage along the vane suction surface (SS). HTC data reflects similar trends as the NMT data. At low blowing ratios, high HTC values near the passage throat on the endwall signify defined flow acceleration toward the throat. Higher HTCs evolve on the endwall in the region upstream of the throat with increases in coolant associated with higher blowing ratios. Vane HTC data shows best performance near the leading edge of the midspan plane where many film cooling holes have been located.
Correlation of seroreactivity with response to antibiotics in pediatric Lyme borreliosis (1997)

Response to treatment with antibiotics was compared with serologic reactivity and clinical symptoms in a pediatric population with presumptive diagnoses of Lyme borreliosis. The population analyzed for this study consisted of a subset of a larger Lyme clinic population being monitored as part of a prospective study on pediatric Lyme borreliosis. All patients resided in an area in which Ixodes scapularis and Borrelia burgdorferi are considered endemic. Serum from patients was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Response to antibiotics was evaluated by members of a pediatric Lyme clinic. Results showed that positive serologic test results correlate with a favorable response to antibiotics, as does the presence of erythema migrans (EM), regardless of serologic status. Seronegative patients without EM had chronic fatigue and arthralgia and/or myalgia as primary symptoms and did not respond to antibiotics, even when multiple courses of treatment were given. These results indicate that serologic tests designed to have high specificity can reliably rule out Lyme borreliosis in patients with chronic symptoms, thus preventing unnecessary treatment with antibiotics.
PAPR-Aware Massive MIMO-OFDM Downlink (2019)

We investigate the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction problem in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing-based massive multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink systems. In this paper, we develop a downlink transmission scheme that performs jointly MU precoding and PAPR reduction (PP) by exploiting the excess degrees of freedom offered by equipping the BS by a large number of antennas. Specifically, the joint MU precoding and PAPR reduction scheme is formulated as a simple convex optimization problem solved via steepest gradient descent (GD) approach. Then, we develop a novel algorithm, referred to as MU-PP-GDm, to reduce the PAPR of the transmitted signals by exploiting the high-dimensional null space of the MIMO channel matrix while maintaining an excellent transmission quality. The simulation results show that the proposed MU-PP-GDm has low computational complexity and can achieve substantial PAPR performance with a fast convergence rate.
Transmission of two wavelength-multiplexed 10 Gbit/s channels over 560 km of dispersive fibre (1994)

Using polarisation-independent phase conjugation for mid-system spectral inversion, the authors transmitted two 1.5 µm, 10 Gbit/s channels through 560 km of 1.3 µm dispersion-zero fibre.
Molecular Genetic Analysis of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Nitrogen-fixation (nif) Genes (1981)

Biological nitrogen fixation is the enzymatic reduction of dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia. The vast majority of nitrogen atoms in living organisms are ultimately derived from the atmosphere by this process because organic nitrogen is not completely recycled but is continually lost to the atmosphere by the action of denitrifying bacteria. Despite the importance of biological nitrogen fixation to the nitrogen cycle, and thus to the ecosystem, only prokaryotic species, bacteria and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), are known to fix nitrogen.
Inhibition of γ-secretase induces G2/M arrest and triggers apoptosis in breast cancer cells (2009)

Gamma-secretase activity is vital for the transmembrane cleavage of Notch receptors and the subsequent migration of their intracellular domains to the nucleus. Notch overexpression has been associated with breast, colon, cervical and prostate cancers. We tested the effect of three different gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) in breast cancer cells. One inhibitor (GSI1) was lethal to breast cancer cell lines at concentrations of 2 muM and above but had a minimal effect on the non-malignant breast lines. GSI1 was also cytotoxic for a wide variety of cancer cell lines in the NCI60 cell screen. GSI1 treatment resulted in a marked decrease in gamma-secretase activity and downregulation of the Notch signalling pathway with no effects on expression of the gamma-secretase components or ligands. Flow cytometric and western blot analyses indicated that GSI1 induces a G2/M arrest leading to apoptosis, through downregulation of Bcl-2, Bax and Bcl-XL. GSI1 also inhibited proteasome activity. Thus, the gamma-secretase inhibitor GSI1 has a complex mode of action to inhibit breast cancer cell survival and may represent a novel therapy in breast cancer.
<i>Crataeva nurvala</i>nanoparticles inhibit virulence factors and biofilm formation in clinical isolates of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2016)

Green synthesized nanoparticles have gained great attention due to their non-toxic and non-hazardous nature. In the present study, bark extract of the medicinal plant in Ayurveda Crataeva nurvala (Buch-Ham) (CN) was chosen for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). These NPs were characterized by Ultra violet visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra Red, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The average particle size of green synthesized CN-AgNPs was 15.2 ± 1.01 nm. Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry analysis of methanolic bark extract involved in the formation of CN-AgNPs revealed lupeol as a major active component. In this study, CN-AgNPs (15 μg ml<sup>-1</sup> ) efficiently suppressed the production of quorum sensing mediated virulence factors viz. pyocyanin, protease, hemolysin, and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pyocyanin production was strongly inhibited (74.64%) followed by proteolysis (47.3%) and hemolysin production (47.7%). However, the biofilm forming ability was maximally reduced up to 79.70%. Moreover, the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopic Analysis showed that CN-AgNPs inhibit colonization of P. aeruginosa on to the surface. Furthermore, TEM analysis revealed internalization of CN-AgNPs inside the bacterial cell. It is concluded that green synthesized AgNPs have great potential to inhibit virulence factors and biofilm forming ability of drug-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.
Micro/nano glass press molding using silicon carbide molds fabricated by silicon lost molding (2005)

Silicon carbide (SiC) molds for micro/nano glass press molding at high temperature were fabricated from a silicon mold. The silicon molds with the features of micro-optics were fabricated by photolithography and etching and then SiC was deposited on the silicon mold. After the SiC surface was polished to a mirror surface, a SiC ceramic block was bonded with the SiC film using a nickel interlayer at 900 /spl deg/C. Finally, the silicon mold was etched away using the mixture of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. The surface roughness of the SiC mold is 1.2 nm Ra, which is almost identical with that of the silicon mold. This suggests that this process is promising to make the SiC mold for optical uses. Glass press molding was preliminarily performed at 400 /spl deg/C using the SiC mold coated with diamond-like carbon (DLC). Although some parts of the SiC film were peeled off due to poor SiC-SiC bonding quality, the features on the SiC mold were well transferred to the glass.
Thermosensitive Pluronic Micelles Stabilized by Shell Cross-Linking with Gold Nanoparticles (2006)

Gold nanoparticles were employed to prepare shell cross-linked Pluronic micelles that exhibit a reversibly thermosensitive swelling/shrinking behavior. Two terminal hydroxyl groups of Pluronic F127 were thiol-functionalized to form self-assembling Pluronic micelles in aqueous solution with exposed -SH groups in an outer shell layer. The thiol groups present in the outer shell were cross-linked by gold nanoparticles synthesized through NaBH4 reduction of gold precursor anions. The resultant shell cross-linked gold-Pluronic micelles exhibited a temperature-dependent volume transition: their hydrodynamic diameter was changed from 157.1 +/- 15.6 nm at 15 degrees C to 53.4 +/- 5.5 nm at 37 degrees C as determined by dynamic light scattering. The critical micelle temperature measured by a pyrene solubilization technique suggested that the reversible swelling/shrinking behavior of the micelles was caused by hydrophobic interactions of cross-linked or grafted Pluronic copolymer chains in the micelle structure with increasing temperature. Transmission electron microscopy directly revealed that the shell cross-linked micelles were indeed produced by gold nanoparticles covalently clustered on the surface. These novel self-assembled organic/inorganic hybrid micelles would hold great potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Oncolytic immunotherapy through tumor-specific translation and cytotoxicity of poliovirus. (2015)

Achieving tumor-specific, robust, and durable effector cytotoxic immune responses is key to successful immunotherapy. This has been accomplished with adoptive cell transfer of ex vivo-expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating or engineered T cells, or with immune checkpoint inhibitors, enhancing inherent T cell reactivity. A natural ability to recruit effector responses makes tumor-targeting ('oncolytic') viruses attractive as immunotherapy vehicles. However, most viruses actively block inflammatory and immunogenic events; or, host innate immune responses may prevent immune initiating events in the first place. Moreover, the mechanisms of how virus infection can produce effector responses against host (tumor) neo-antigens are unclear. We are pioneering oncolytic immunotherapy based on poliovirus, which has no specific mechanism to interfere with host immune activation, exhibits lytic cytotoxicity in the presence of an antiviral interferon response and pre-existing immunity, and engages a powerful innate immune sensor implicated in recruiting cytotoxic T cell responses. Central to this approach is a unique confluence of factors that drive tumor-specific viral translation and cytotoxicity.
Optically Modulated Fluorophores for Selective Fluorescence Signal Recovery (2009)

Fluorescence imaging in biological sciences is hindered by significant depth-dependent signal attenuation and highly fluorescent backgrounds. We have developed optically modulated near-IR-emitting few-atom Ag nanodots that are selectively and dynamically photobrightened upon simultaneous excitation with a secondary laser, enabling high-sensitivity image extraction to reveal only the demodulated fluorophores. Image demodulation is demonstrated in high-background environments to extract weak signals from completely obscuring background emission.
Social media photography: construing subjectivity in Instagram images (2016)

This article explores interpersonal meaning in social media photographs, using the representation of motherhood in Instagram images as a case study. It investigates the visual choices that are made in these images to construe relationships between the represented participants, the photographer, and the ambient social media viewer. The author draws upon existing work on the visual systems of point of view and focalization to explore interpersonal meaning in these images, and proposes that an additional system – subjectification – is needed to account for the kinds of relationship between the viewer and the photographer that are instantiated in social photographs, as well as the ways in which subjectivity is signaled in these images. The dataset analyzed is the entire Instagram feed of a single user who posts images of her experience of motherhood and a collection of 500 images using the hashtag #motherhood.
A Krüppel-like zinc finger protein is involved in nitrogen-fixing root nodule organogenesis (2000)

Mechanisms regulating plant host differentiation of the nitrogen-fixing root nodules remain mostly unknown. Sinorhizobium meliloti induces this process in Medicago sativa in which the Mszpt2-1 gene is expressed in vascular bundles of roots and nodules. This gene codes for a Krüppel-like zinc finger protein, a class of transcription factors involved in many animal developmental processes. Expression of Mszpt2-1 in yeast cells conferred osmotic tolerance. Antisense plants grew normally but developed nonfunctional nodules, in which differentiation of the nitrogen-fixing zone and bacterial invasion were arrested. Hence, a vascular bundle-associated Krüppel-like gene is required for the formation of the central nitrogen-fixing zone of the root nodule.
Limits of Flammability of Paraffin Hydrocarbons in Air (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLimits of Flammability of Paraffin Hydrocarbons in AirM. G. Zabetakis, G. S. Scott, and G. W. JonesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1951, 43, 9, 2120–2124Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50501a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50501a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Depletion of CD4<sup>+</sup> or CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cells prevents <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> induced cerebral malaria in end-stage disease (1997)

The role of T-cells in development of experimental cerebral malaria was analysed in C57B1/6J and C57B1/10 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei K173 or Plasmodium berghei ANKA by treatment with anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 mAbs. Mice were protected against cerebral malaria (CM) when anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 mAbs were injected before or during infection. Even in mice in end-stage disease, i.e. with a body temperature below 35.5 degrees C, treatment with anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 antibodies or the combination protected against CM, whereas chloroquine treatment was completely ineffective in inhibiting further development of the cerebral syndrome.
Indomethacin promotes adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells through a cyclooxygenase independent mechanism (2010)

Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lineage selection is important for the generation of bone mass. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) may increase adipogenesis at the cost of decreasing osteoprogenitor output. Here we investigated the role of COX2 and its products during MSC differentiation. Indomethacin stimulated adipogenesis (increased aP2, adiponectin and lipid droplets) of CH310T1/2 stem cells as well as marrow-derived MSCs to a degree similar to the PPARγ2 ligand, rosiglitazone. Unlike rosiglitazone, indomethacin significantly upregulated PPARγ2 expression. Indomethacin and the COX2 specific inhibitor celecoxib suppressed PGE2 production, but celecoxib did not induce adipogenesis. As well, addition of PGE2 failed to reverse indomethacin induced adipogenesis, indicating that indomethacin's effects were prostaglandin independent. In MSCs over-expressing PPARγ2 and RXRα, indomethacin did not increase PPAR-induced transcription, while rosiglitazone and 15d-PGJ2 did (1.7- and 1.3-fold, respectively, P < 0.001). We considered whether indomethacin might directly affect C/EBPβ proximally to PPARγ2 induction. Indomethacin significantly increased C/EBPβ expression and protein within 24 h of addition. These results indicate that indomethacin promotes adipogenesis by increasing C/EBPβ and PPARγ2 expression in a prostaglandin-independent fashion. This effect of indomethacin is pertinent to potential deleterious effects of this commonly used anti-inflammatory drug on bone remodeling and tissue healing.