gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting human breast tumour in xeno-grafted SCID mice with 99Tcm-glucarate (1997)

99Tcm-glucarate accumulation in human mammary BT-20 tumours hosted in severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice was compared to 111In-monoclonal antibody 103D2-F(ab')2, 99Tcm-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (99Tcm-MIBI) and 99Tcm-diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (99Tcm-DTPA). The intracellular tumour distribution of 99Tcm-glucarate was also determined. SCID mice injected with a mixture of 99Tcm-glucarate and 111In-103D2-F(ab')2 were imaged serially up until 24 h. Computer planimetered tumour-to-blood activity (in the heart) ratios (T/BH) to 8 h were significantly greater for 99Tcm-glucarate than 111In-103D2. The mean (+/-S.D.) tumour-to-blood ratio (T/B) from biodistribution was 1.21 +/- 0.31 and 0.35 +/- 0.06 (P < 0.0001) at 5 h, and 1.526 +/- 0.29 and 0.75 +/- 0.2 (P < 0.0001) at 8 h, for 99Tcm-glucarate and 111In-103D2 respectively. At 24 h, T/B for 111In-103D2 (1.76 +/- 0.22) exceeded that of 99Tcm-glucarate (1.44 +/- 0.2, P = 0.01). 99Tcm-glucarate uptake in the tumours at 5 h (1.133 +/- 0.25 %ID g-1) and 8 h (1.213 +/- 0.23 %ID g-1) was significantly greater than that of 99Tcm-MIBI (0.340 +/- 0.09, P = 0.0002; 0.220 +/- 0.04, P = 0.0001) and 99Tcm-DTPA (0.091 +/- 0.03, P < 0.0002; 0.016 +/- 0.01, P < 0.0001) respectively. Intracellular tumour distribution of 99Tcm-glucarate was 50.91 +/- 6.55% in the nuclear fraction, 34.34 +/- 2.88% in the cytoplasmic fraction and 14.75 +/- 7.66% in the mitochondrial fraction. Thus glucarate may provide a 99Tcm-based mammary tumour imaging modality for visualization of tumours very quickly after tracer administration with maximal targeting in the nuclei of the tumour cells.
IgE cross‐reactivity between <i>Ascaris</i> and domestic mite allergens: the role of tropomyosin and the nematode polyprotein ABA‐1 (2009)

There is cross-reactivity between Ascaris and mites, determined by several allergens including tropomyosin and glutathione-S-transferase. In addition to its potential impact on asthma pathogenesis, Ascaris infection and mite allergy diagnosis relying on the determination of specific IgE could be affected by this cross-reactivity. ABA-1 has no cross-reactive counterpart in mite extracts, suggesting its usefulness as a more specific marker of Ascaris infection.
TIFA as a crucial mediator for NLRP3 inflammasome (2016)

Toll-like receptor-mediated NF-κB activation is a major innate immune reaction of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) in response to prooxidative and proinflammatory stimuli. We identified that TNF-α receptor-associated factor-interacting protein with a forkhead-associated domain (TIFA) is a regulator of priming (signal 1) and activating (signal 2) signals of nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in ECs. Oxidative and inflammatory stresses such as atheroprone flow and hyperlipidemia induce and activate TIFA in vitro and in vivo. For the priming of signal 1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 transactivates TIFA, which in turn induces NF-κB activation and augments the transcription of NLRP3 inflammasome components. For the activation of signal 2, Akt is involved in TIFA Thr9 phosphorylation, which is essential for TIFA-TIFA homophilic oligomerization. Thr9 phosphorylation-dependent TIFA oligomerization facilitates the higher-order assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome, as indicated by the interaction between TIFA and caspase-1 in the activated ECs. Our results suggest that TIFA is a crucial mediator in the endothelial innate immune response by potentiating and amplifying NLRP3 inflammasome via augmenting signals 1 and 2.
Multiplex Identification of Human Papillomavirus 16 DNA Integration Sites in Cervical Carcinomas (2013)

Cervical cancer is caused by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV), in more than half of the worldwide cases by HPV16. Viral DNA integration into the host genome is a frequent mutation in cervical carcinogenesis. Because integration occurs into different genomic locations, it creates unique viral-cellular DNA junctions in every single case. This singularity complicates the precise identification of HPV integration sites enormously. We report here the development of a novel multiplex strategy for sequence determination of HPV16 DNA integration sites. It includes DNA fragmentation and adapter tagging, PCR enrichment of the HPV16 early region, Illumina next-generation sequencing, data processing, and validation of candidate integration sites by junction-PCR. This strategy was performed with 51 cervical cancer samples (47 primary tumors and 4 cell lines). Altogether 75 HPV16 integration sites (3'-junctions) were identified and assigned to the individual samples. By comparing the DNA junctions with the presence of viral oncogene fusion transcripts, 44 tumors could be classified into four groups: Tumors with one transcriptionally active HPV16 integrate (n = 12), tumors with transcribed and silent DNA junctions (n = 8), tumors carrying episomal HPV16 DNA (n = 10), and tumors with one to six DNA junctions, but without fusion transcripts (n = 14). The 3'-breakpoints of integrated HPV16 DNA show a statistically significant (p<0.05) preferential distribution within the early region segment upstream of the major splice acceptor underscoring the importance of deregulated viral oncogene expression for carcinogenesis. Half of the mapped HPV16 integration sites target cellular genes pointing to a direct influence of HPV integration on host genes (insertional mutagenesis). In summary, the multiplex strategy for HPV16 integration site determination worked very efficiently. It will open new avenues for comprehensive mapping of HPV integration sites and for the possible use of HPV integration sites as individualized biomarkers after cancer treatment of patients for the early diagnosis of residual and recurrent disease.
Role of Quail in the Interspecies Transmission of H9 Influenza A Viruses: Molecular Changes on HA That Correspond to Adaptation from Ducks to Chickens (2003)

H9 influenza viruses have become endemic in land-based domestic poultry in Asia and have sporadically crossed to pigs and humans. To understand the molecular determinants of their adaptation to land-based birds, we tested the replication and transmission of several 1970s duck H9 viruses in chickens and quail. Quail were more susceptible than chickens to these viruses, and generation of recombinant H9 viruses by reverse genetics showed that changes in the HA gene are sufficient to initiate efficient replication and transmission in quail. Seven amino acid positions on the HA molecule corresponded to adaptation to land-based birds. In quail H9 viruses, the pattern of amino acids at these seven positions is intermediate between those of duck and chicken viruses; this fact may explain the susceptibility of quail to duck H9 viruses. Our findings suggest that quail provide an environment in which the adaptation of influenza viruses from ducks generates novel variants that can cross the species barrier.
Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Expression in Rat Proximal Tubule after Treatment with Segment-Specific Nephrotoxicants (2010)

Dose-response expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) gene in kidney cortex and its correlation with morphology and traditional biomarkers of nephrotoxicity (plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, BUN) or segment-specific marker of proximal tubule injury (kidney glutamine synthetase, GSK) were studied in male rats treated with proximal tubule segment-specific nephrotoxicants. These included hexachloro-1:3-butadiene (HCBD, S(3) segment-specific), potassium dichromate (chromate, S(1)-S(2) segment-specific), and cephaloridine (Cph, S(2) segment-specific). Rats were treated with a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of HCBD 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, subcutaneous (sc) injection of chromate 8, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg; or ip injection of Cph 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg. KIM-1 gene showed a dose-dependent up-regulation induced by all segment-specific nephrotoxicants. Interestingly, magnitude of the up-regulation reflected the severity of microscopic tubular changes (degeneration, necrosis, and regeneration). Even low-severity microscopic observations were evidenced by significant gene expression changes. Furthermore, KIM-1 showed significant up-regulation even in the absence of morphological changes. In contrast, traditional and specific markers demonstrated low sensitivity or specificity. In conclusion, this study suggested KIM-1 as a sensitive molecular marker of different levels of tubular injury, and it is likely to represent a potential tool for early screening of nephrotoxicants.
Platelet Function Defect in a 5-Day-Old Simmental Calf (1995)

A 5-day-old Simmental Heifer was evaluated for excessive bleeding from the skin following horse fly bites. A coagulation profile and platelet numbers were normal. In vitro platelet function, measured by whole blood aggregometry, was found to be abnormal when compared with age-matched controls. Therefore, this defect in hemostasis was attributed to a qualitative defect in platelet function.
Catalytic conversions in water: a novel carbonylation reaction catalysed by palladium trisulfonated triphenylphosphine complexes (1994)

The renewable basic chemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is selectively carbonylated to the new compound 5-formylfuran-2-acetic acid using a water-soluble palladium complex of trisulfonated triphenylphosphine as the catalyst in an acidic aqueous medium at 70 °C and 5 bar CO pressure; when hydrogen iodide is the acid component, the reaction follows a different course and HMF is selectively reduced to 5-methylfurfural.
Oesophageal transit of six commonly used tablets and capsules. (1982)

The oesophageal transit of six commonly used tablets and capsules containing barium sulphate was evaluated radiologically using fluoroscopy in 121 healthy volunteers. To determine the influence of the subject's position and the amount of water taken each subject swallowed three preparations while recumbent and standing and with 25 ml or 100 ml of water. Failure of swallowing (defined as oesophageal transit taking more than 90 seconds) occurred in 22% of 726 swallowings, but globus was complained of in only 33% of these. Sixty per cent of the volunteers had difficulty in taking one or more of the preparations. Many preparations adhered to the oesophageal membrane and started to disintegrate in the lower part of oesophagus. It is recommended that subjects should remain standing for at least 90 seconds after taking capsules or tablets and that all preparations should be taken with at least 100 ml of water. Small tablets are swallowed most easily. Liquid forms of medication (suspensions) should be considered for bedridden patients and those who have difficulty in swallowing.
Multivitamin–Mineral Supplements in the Older Americans Act Nutrition Program: Not a One-Size-Fits-All Quick Fix (2008)

We challenge the suggestion of Congress that the Older Americans Act (OAA) Nutrition Program should provide multivitamin-mineral supplements (MVMs) in addition to meals. MVMs are not a quick fix for poor diets. They do not contain calories, protein, essential fatty acids, or fiber, nor do they adequately address nutritional gaps of some vitamins and minerals. Older adults with chronic health conditions who take multiple medications are at greater risk than the general healthy population for nutrient-drug interactions and toxicity. The OAA Nutrition Program is not an appropriate venue to indiscriminately distribute MVMs, because there is insufficient evidence of their benefits and safety. The program's limited funds and efforts should instead be directed to nutrient-dense healthy meals, quality food service, and greater accessibility to individualized nutrition services.
Surface plasmon resonance studies prove the interaction of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticular Ca<sup>2+</sup> release channel/ryanodine receptor with calsequestrin (2000)

A high affinity molecular interaction is demonstrated between calsequestrin and the sarcoplasmic reticular Ca(2+) release channel/ryanodine receptor (RyR) by surface plasmon resonance. K(D) values of 92 nM and 102 nM for the phosphorylated and dephosphorylated calsequestrin have been determined, respectively. Phosphorylation of calsequestrin seems not to influence this high affinity interaction, i.e. calsequestrin might always be bound to RyR. However, the phosphorylation state of calsequestrin determines the amount of Ca(2+) released from the lumen. Dephosphorylation of approximately 1% of the phosphorylated calsequestrin could be enough to activate the RyR channel half-maximally, as we have shown previously [Szegedi et al., Biochem. J. 337 (1999) 19].
Core/Shell Particles Containing Liquid Cores:  Morphology Prediction, Synthesis, and Characterization (2003)

The ability to synthesize core/shell particles with distinct geometries is becoming increasingly important due to their potential applications. In this study structured particles with liquid cores and polymeric shells were synthesized by an in situ miniemulsion polymerization reaction. The resulting materials were used to evaluate morphology prediction models based on thermodynamic considerations. Results showed that thermodynamic models are inadequate for the morphology prediction of in situ polymerized species. For particles prepared in this way, kinetic influences, e.g. anchoring effects, chain mobility, and viscosity, play a significant role in defining the end morphology of the particles.
The predominant cultivable microflora of advanced periodontitis (1977)

A study on the predominant cultivable microorganisms harbored in the base of deep periodontal pockets of eight patients aged 34-48 years was carried out using the roll tube culture technique. From a total of 475 isolates, 425 (89.5%) were obligate anaerobes, 356(74.9%) were Gram-negative, and 441(92.8%) were categorized as rods. Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Fusobacterium nucleatum constituted the majority of the isolates in seven samples, but their mutual proportions differed considerably between the samples. One sample was dominated by Actinomyces species. Some periodontopathic potentials of the predominating Gram-negative rods are summarized.
Privacy Loss in Apple's Implementation of Differential Privacy on MacOS 10.12 (2017)

In June 2016, Apple announced that it will deploy differential privacy for some user data collection in order to ensure privacy of user data, even from Apple. The details of Apple's approach remained sparse. Although several patents have since appeared hinting at the algorithms that may be used to achieve differential privacy, they did not include a precise explanation of the approach taken to privacy parameter choice. Such choice and the overall approach to privacy budget use and management are key questions for understanding the privacy protections provided by any deployment of differential privacy. In this work, through a combination of experiments, static and dynamic code analysis of macOS Sierra (Version 10.12) implementation, we shed light on the choices Apple made for privacy budget management. We discover and describe Apple's set-up for differentially private data processing, including the overall data pipeline, the parameters used for differentially private perturbation of each piece of data, and the frequency with which such data is sent to Apple's servers. We find that although Apple's deployment ensures that the (differential) privacy loss per each datum submitted to its servers is $1$ or $2$, the overall privacy loss permitted by the system is significantly higher, as high as $16$ per day for the four initially announced applications of Emojis, New words, Deeplinks and Lookup Hints. Furthermore, Apple renews the privacy budget available every day, which leads to a possible privacy loss of 16 times the number of days since user opt-in to differentially private data collection for those four applications. We advocate that in order to claim the full benefits of differentially private data collection, Apple must give full transparency of its implementation, enable user choice in areas related to privacy loss, and set meaningful defaults on the privacy loss permitted.
Hydrophobic nature of the active site of firefly luciferase (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrophobic nature of the active site of firefly luciferaseM. DeLucaCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 1, 160–166Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00829a023https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00829a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views490Altmetric-Citations128LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>In vivo</i> magnetic resonance spectroscopy detection of combined glutamate‐glutamine in healthy upper cervical cord at 3 T (2012)

The possibility of quantifying the superimposed signal of glutamate and glutamine (Glx) and its components by 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the spinal cord is an exciting challenge with important clinical applications in neurological conditions. The spinal cord is a particularly difficult region of interest due to its small volume, magnetic field inhomogeneities and physiological motion. In this study, we investigated for the first time the feasibility of obtaining quantitative measurements of Glx in healthy cervical spinal cord by 1 H MRS at 3 T. The aim of this study was to compare two commercially available MRS sequences by spectral simulations and in vivo . A short echo time (TE) point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) with TE = 30 ms and a stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) with TE = 11 ms and mixing time (TM) = 17 ms were compared for reliability of Glx fit. Data allowed us to determine sample size estimates for future clinical studies for the first time. Results showed that PRESS provided a reliable fit for Glx in all cases (Cramér Rao lower bounds < 20%) whereas no reliable Glx fits were achieved using STEAM. Neither protocol provided reliable Glu quantification. The power calculations showed that a minimum sample size of 17 subjects per group was needed to detect Glx changes of > 20% using the PRESS sequence. This study proposed a clinically feasible MRS method for Glx detection in the human cervical cord in vivo including sample sizes needed for conclusive clinical studies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of periductal and ductular epithelial cells of the adult rat pancreas in pancreatic hepatocyte lineage. A change in the differentiation commitment. (1989)

Development of pancreatic hepatocytes in adult rats maintained on copper deficient diet containing 0.6% trien (CuDT) has been reported recently. To elucidate the histogenesis of hepatocytes a sequential study was undertaken using morphologic, histochemical, immunochemical, in situ hybridization, and Northern blot analysis. Male F-344 rats weighing 80 to 90 g were fed CuDT for 8 weeks and returned to normal rat chow. Beginning from 4 weeks of copper depletion, there was a progressive loss of acinar cells and by 8 weeks more than 90% of the acinar tissue was lost. During this period, there was an increase in the number of adipocytes in the interstitium, and in the number of interstitial and ductular cells. Morphologic observations were confirmed by immunoblot and Northern blot analysis, in which the amount of pancreatic proteins and their mRNAs decreased between 5 and 8 weeks. During this period, a progressive increase in the level of albumin mRNA was observed. In situ hybridization, performed at 7 weeks of copper deficiency, showed localization of albumin mRNA over interstitial and ductular cells. Pancreatic hepatocytes were identified immediately after the rats were returned to a normal diet and gradually increased in number. The hepatocytes occupied almost 60% of the pancreatic volume by 8 weeks. During the early recovery phase, hepatocytes were identified in ductules as well as in the interstitium. Based on these studies, it is concluded that both the ductular cells and interstitial cells, which resemble oval cells of liver, are capable of transforming into pancreatic hepatocytes and these cells may be considered stem-cell equivalent.
Economized large‐scale production of high yield of rAAV for gene therapy applications exploiting baculovirus expression system (2007)

These findings contribute to the process development for large-scale production of rAAV for gene therapy applications and its commercialization.
Improvement of the drain breakdown voltage of GaAs power MESFET's by a simple recess structure (1978)

Dependence of the drain-to-source breakdown voltage on the drain structure of GaAs power FET's was investigated. It was found that the drain breakdown voltage is improved by a simple recess structure without surface n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> contact layer. This is due to relaxation of the field at the drain region by increase of the thickness of the active epitaxial layer. The GaAs MESFET with this simple recess structure could be operated up to 24 V. There was no explicit difference in the microwave properties of both recess structure devices with and without the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> contact layer. As a practical device, an output power of more than 3 W with 4-dB gain is obtained at 6.5 GHz from this simple recess and cross-over structure GaAs FET.
Design and characterization of novel trypsin-resistant firefly luciferases by site-directed mutagenesis (2009)

Firefly luciferase (EC.1.13.12.7) from Photinus pyralis is a single polypeptide chain (62 kDa), responsible for emission of yellow-green (557 nm) light, known to be most efficient bioluminescence system that make it an excellent tool for reporter in nano-system biology. However, it is very sensitive to proteolytic degradation, which reduces its intracellular half-life, leads to loss in sensitivity and precision in analytic applications. In order to generate more stable luciferases against protease digestion, we substituted two tryptic sites: R213, R337 and also next residue to it (Q338) with another amino acids. Overall, all mutations brought about structural changes that indicated more compact structure upon mutation, which revealed by enhancement of tryptophan fluorescence, decreases flexibility and less surface hydrophobic pockets. In general, structural changes associated with a clear improvement in thermostability and resistance against trypsin hydrolysis. In particular, R337Q mutant shows higher light stability in mammalian cell culture, which makes it as a suitable reporter for imaging.