gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimodel-Based Incident Prediction and Risk Assessment in Dynamic Cybersecurity Protection for Industrial Control Systems (2015)

Currently, an increasing number of information/communication technologies are adopted into the industrial control systems (ICSs). While these IT technologies offer high flexibility, interoperability, and convenient administration of ICSs, they also introduce cybersecurity risks. Dynamic cybersecurity risk assessment is a key foundational component of security protection. However, due to the characteristics of ICSs, the risk assessment for IT systems is not completely applicable for ICSs. In this paper, through the consideration of the characteristics of ICSs, a targeted multilevel Bayesian network containing attack, function, and incident models is proposed. Following this proposal, a novel multimodel-based hazardous incident prediction approach is designed. On this basis, a dynamic cybersecurity risk assessment approach, which has the ability to assess the risk caused by unknown attacks, is also devised. Furthermore, to improve the accuracy of the risk assessment, which may be reduced by the redundant accumulation of overlaps amongst different consequences, a unified consequence quantification method is presented. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a simulation of a simplified chemical reactor control system is conducted in MATLAB. The simulation results can clearly demonstrate that the proposed approach has the ability to dynamically calculate the cybersecurity risk of ICSs in a timely manner. Additionally, the result of a different comparative simulation shows that our approach has the ability to assess the risk caused by unknown attacks.
Electronic carrier transport and photogeneration in buckminsterfullerene films (1992)

Information concerning electronic carrier transport and photogeneration in films of undoped C60/70 has been obtained from photoinduced xerographic discharge curves in sublimed films up to 40 μm in thickness. The results, using strongly absorbed light, unambiguously reveal that the electron range, μτ, where μ is the electron drift mobility and τ the deep trapping lifetime, is ∼10−7 cm2/V. By contrast, a barely detectable discharge is observed to be associated with holes. The photogeneration efficiency for electrons is field dependent with a value at 4000 Å of 5×10−2 at a field of 2×105 V/cm. These results are discussed in a context where both charge photogeneration and transport in undoped C60/70 involve localized electronic states.
New Class of DNA-Cleaving Agents Based on Trimethylenemethane (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Class of DNA-Cleaving Agents Based on TrimethylenemethaneTherese M. Bregant, Jay Groppe, and R. Daniel LittleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 8, 3635–3636Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00087a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00087a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
FoCUS: Learning to Crawl Web Forums (2012)

In this paper, we present Forum Crawler Under Supervision (FoCUS), a supervised web-scale forum crawler. The goal of FoCUS is to crawl relevant forum content from the web with minimal overhead. Forum threads contain information content that is the target of forum crawlers. Although forums have different layouts or styles and are powered by different forum software packages, they always have similar implicit navigation paths connected by specific URL types to lead users from entry pages to thread pages. Based on this observation, we reduce the web forum crawling problem to a URL-type recognition problem. And we show how to learn accurate and effective regular expression patterns of implicit navigation paths from automatically created training sets using aggregated results from weak page type classifiers. Robust page type classifiers can be trained from as few as five annotated forums and applied to a large set of unseen forums. Our test results show that FoCUS achieved over 98 percent effectiveness and 97 percent coverage on a large set of test forums powered by over 150 different forum software packages. In addition, the results of applying FoCUS on more than 100 community Question and Answer sites and Blog sites demonstrated that the concept of implicit navigation path could apply to other social media sites.
Exercise causes a tissue-specific change of NO production in the kidney and lung (2003)

Nitric oxide (NO) is produced in the vascular endothelium and is a potent vasodilator substance that participates in the regulation of local vascular tone. Exercise causes peculiar changes in systemic and regional blood flow, i.e., an increase of systemic blood flow and a redistribution of local tissue blood flow, by which the blood flow is greatly increased in the working muscles, whereas it is decreased in some organs such as the kidney and intestine. Thus we hypothesized that exercise causes a tissue-specific change of NO production in some internal organs. We studied whether exercise affects expression of NO synthase (NOS) mRNA and protein, NOS activity, and tissue level of nitrite/nitrate (stable end products of NO) in the kidneys (in which blood flow during exercise is decreased) and lungs (in which blood flow during exercise is increased with the increase of cardiac output) of rat. Rats ran on a treadmill for 45 min at a speed of 25 m/min. Immediately after this exercise, kidneys and lungs were quickly removed. Control rats remained at rest during this 45-min period. Expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS) mRNA in the kidneys was markedly lower in exercise rats than in control rats, whereas that in the lungs was significantly higher in exercise rats than in control rats. Western blot analysis confirmed down- and upregulation of eNOS protein in the kidney and lung, respectively, after exercise. On the other hand, neither expression of neuronal NOS (nNOS) mRNA and nNOS protein nor inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA and iNOS protein in the kidneys and lungs differed between exercise and control rats. NOS activity in the kidney was significantly lower in exercise rats than in control rats, whereas that in the lung was significantly higher in exercise rats than in control rats. On the other hand, the iNOS activity in the kidneys and lungs did not differ between exercise rats and control rats. Tissue nitrite/nitrate level in the kidneys was markedly lower in exercise rats, whereas that in the lungs was significantly higher in exercise rats. The present results show that production of NO is markedly and tissue-specifically changed in the kidney and lung by exercise.
VAL: a versatile robot programming and control system (2005)

VAL is a computer based control system and programming language which has been designed specifically for use with industrial robots. In this paper, VAL is described as it is implemented as an integral part of the Unimation PUMA robot. First, the general capabilities of VAL are presented. These include the ability to interactively edit, interpret, debug, execute, and store user programs in an environment that supports concurrent console communication and program execution. Then, the system hardware is described. Next, the various methods of tool point trajectory control which are available in VAL are described. This is followed by a brief description of the VAL language. Special instructions for dynamically modifying position data are described along with instructions for automatically adapting programs based upon sensory information.
Insulin B-chain hybrid peptides are agonists for T cells reactive to insulin B:9-23 in autoimmune diabetes (2022)

Insulin is considered to be a key antigenic target of T cells in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune diabetes in the NOD mouse with particular focus on the B-chain amino acid sequence B:9-23 as the primary epitope. Our lab previously discovered that hybrid insulin peptides (HIPs), comprised of insulin C-peptide fragments fused to other β-cell granule peptides, are ligands for several pathogenic CD4 T cell clones derived from NOD mice and for autoreactive CD4 T cells from T1D patients. A subset of CD4 T cell clones from our panel react to insulin and B:9-23 but only at high concentrations of antigen. We hypothesized that HIPs might also be formed from insulin B-chain sequences covalently bound to other endogenously cleaved ß-cell proteins. We report here on the identification of a B-chain HIP, termed the 6.3HIP, containing a fragment of B:9-23 joined to an endogenously processed peptide of ProSAAS, as a strong neo-epitope for the insulin-reactive CD4 T cell clone BDC-6.3. Using an I-A<sup>g7</sup> tetramer loaded with the 6.3HIP, we demonstrate that T cells reactive to this B-chain HIP can be readily detected in NOD mouse islet infiltrates. This work suggests that some portion of autoreactive T cells stimulated by insulin B:9-23 may be responding to B-chain HIPs as peptide ligands.
Switched-beam single patch antenna (2002)

A simple and compact switched-beam antenna is presented. The radiation patterns of the antenna were predicted using the finite difference time domain method. Measurement was performed, and the results show good agreement with predictions. Low correlation can be expected from this antenna for diversity reception.
The Valve Springs Carbo-Nitrided at a High Temperature for High Speed Engines (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new heat resistant steel wire was developed for automotive valve springs. The purpose of the development is to apply a high temperature carbo-nitriding process to the springs to have a longer fatigue life. The valve spring processed at an optimal temperature was found to have a fatigue life about five times as long as the conventional Si-Cr oil-tempered wire springs processed at a conventional low temperature.</div>
Vimentin—a new prognostic parameter in breast carcinoma? (1989)

This report describes a positive relationship between vimentin expression in infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma, and high tumour growth fraction. Vimentin expression is potentially a predictor of aggressive behaviour, and such carcinomas may benefit from early adjuvant therapy. Eighty-four malignant breast neoplasms were stained with monoclonal anti-vimentin and anti-cytokeratin antibodies. The tumour growth fractions were determined by immunostaining cryostat sections with the Ki-67 antibody. Seven (9.2 per cent) of 76 infiltrating ductal carcinomas co-expressed cytokeratin and vimentin intermediate filaments in more than 50 per cent of neoplastic cells. In each case, the corresponding Ki-67 count was much greater than 40 per cent, significantly higher than the mean growth fraction for all tumours examined (P less than 0.0001). Vimentin immunoreactivity was also positively related to the histological grade of the ductal carcinomas (P less than 0.002) and inversely related to tumour ER count (P less than 0.0002) and patient age (P less than 0.01). No relationship was observed between vimentin positivity and either the presence of axillary nodal metastases or primary tumour size.
Very Stable Lithium Metal Stripping–Plating at a High Rate and High Areal Capacity in Fluoroethylene Carbonate-Based Organic Electrolyte Solution (2017)

We report the highly stable galvanostatic cycling of lithium metal (Li) electrodes in a symmetrical Li|electrolyte solution|Li coin-cell configuration at a high rate and high areal capacity using fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)-based electrolyte solutions [1 M LiPF6 in FEC/dimethyl carbonate (DMC)]. The FEC-based electrolyte solution shows cycling behavior that is markedly better than that observed for the cells cycled with an ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolyte solution (1 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC). With FEC-based electrolyte solution, Li|Li cells can be cycled at 2 mA cm–2 with an areal capacity of 3.3 mAh cm–2 for more than 1100 cycles, and full Li|LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NMC) cells with high areal loading cathode demonstrate stable cycling with the same capacity during 90 cycles. An increase in areal capacity up to 6 mA h cm–2 does not affect the shape of the voltage profile of the symmetric Li|Li cells. The reason for this high performance is the formation of a stable and efficient solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the surface of the Li metal electrodes cycled in the FEC-based solution. The composition of the SEI is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Influence of Disaccharide Structure on Prebiotic Selectivity in Vitro (2005)

To obtain structure-function information of a range of carbohydrates, which are available only in very small quantities, an in vitro fermentation method using 7 mg of carbohydrate, 0.7 mL of basal medium, and 1% (w/v) of fecal bacteria was validated against a pH-controlled batch culture with 150 mL of basal medium and 1.5 g of test carbohydrate. This method was used to determine the influence of different glycosidic linkages and monosaccharide compositions of disaccharides on the selectivity of microbial fermentation. A prebiotic index (PI) was calculated for each disaccharide. Generally, disaccharides with linkages of 1-2, 1-4, and 1-6 generated a high PI score, with kojibiose and sophorose showing the greatest values (21.62 and 18.63, respectively). Apart from 6alpha-mannobiose, mannose-containing disaccharides gave a low PI due to low numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and an increase in bacteroides. The structure-function information obtained in this study may lead to a predictive understanding of how specific structures are fermented by the human gut microflora.
Toward an Ontology-Based Chatbot Endowed with Natural Language Processing and Generation (2014)

With the last evolution of the web, several new means of communication have showed up. In the commercial domain, chatbot tech-nologies are now considered as essential for providing a wide range of ser-vices (e.g. search, FAQ, assistance) to the end-user, and to make a client a faithful customer. In this paper, we propose an on-going work on the denition and implementation of SynchroBot, an ontology-based chat-bot that relies on Semantic Web and NLP models and technologies to support user-machine dialogical interaction in the e-commerce domain.
Efficient multi-processor implementation of recursive digital filters (2005)

Efficient computation method for the recursive digital filtering is studied in the multi-processor environment. The method solves the dependency problem by separate computations of the particular and transient solutions. The throughput of the algorithm increases linearly with the number of processors, making it possible to increase the throughput effectively by using multiple number of processors. The implementations of the algorithm using a vector-processor and a multiprocessor in a ring network are also studied.
Split Inteins as Versatile Tools for Protein Semisynthesis (2009)

Divide and conquer: Split inteins link their fused polypeptide sequences with a native peptide bond. This protein trans-splicing (PTS) reaction can be exploited for manifold applications in protein chemistry and biotechnology.
<i>Early Individual Experience with Distal Venous Arterialization as a Lower Limb Salvage Procedure</i> (2011)

This prospective randomized study reported early results of the treatment of 36 unreconstructable patients with critical lower limb ischemia. The patients were divided into two groups: 12 were treated with distal venous arterialization (DVA) and 24 were conservatively (CT) using antiplatelet drugs. There were seven men and five women with an average age 64.3 ± 9.9 in DVA and 13 men and 11 women with a average age 67.1 ± 10.8 in CT groups of patients. The aim of this study was to estimate the validity of DVA as the limb salvage procedure. During the period of monitoring, morbidity and mortality rates were 50 and 0 per cent at DVA versus a mortality rate in the CT group of 33.3 per cent (P < 0.05). The mean follow-up period for DVA was 4.8 ± 3.9 months (range, 1 to 14 months) versus 4.9 ± 2.4 months (range, 1 to 9 months) for the CT group (P > 0.05). Graft patency was 83.3 per cent with two early graft thromboses. There were significant differences between the two groups in limb salvage (91.7% DVA vs 12.5% CT, P < 0.001), pain relief (75% DVA vs 8.3% CT, P < 0.001), and wound healing rates (77.8% DVA vs 0% CT, P < 0.001). Lactate level in the blood of deep venous system after repeated measuring was significantly decreased after the multivariate analysis of variance method was applied (F = 7.691, P < 0.01). Hemodynamic parameters such as systolic digital pressure and digitobrachial systolic pressure index were increased after revascularization using Student's t test (P < 0.001). The DVA may improve the outcome of the treatment of the patients for whom the conventional bypass procedure mainly was not possible.
Exploring Infiniband Hardware Virtualization in OpenNebula towards Efficient High-Performance Computing (2014)

It has been widely accepted that software virtualization has a big negative impact on high-performance computing (HPC) application performance. This work explores the potential use of Infiniband hardware virtualization in an Open Nebula cloud towards the efficient support of MPI-based workloads. We have implemented, deployed, and tested an Infiniband network on the Fermi Cloud private Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud. To avoid software virtualization towards minimizing the virtualization overhead, we employed a technique called Single Root Input/Output Virtualization (SRIOV). Our solution spanned modifications to the Linux's Hypervisor as well as the Open Nebula manager. We evaluated the performance of the hardware virtualization on up to 56 virtual machines connected by up to 8 DDR Infiniband network links, with micro-benchmarks (latency and bandwidth) as well as with a MPI-intensive application (the HPL Linpack benchmark).
Chemistry and Biology of Deoxy-<i>myo</i>-inositol Phosphates:  Stereospecificity of Substrate Interactions within an Archaeal and a Bacterial IMPase (2004)

Six enantiomerically pure myo-inositol-monophosphates, including four deoxygenated analogues, have been synthesized by employing catalytic asymmetric phosphorylation methodology. These compounds were then evaluated as substrates for the direct interrogation of the stereospecificity of enzyme-substrate interactions with two inositol-monophosphatases (IMPases), one of which (from Archaeoglobus fulgidus) is characterized by an X-ray crystal structure with its substrate (d-I-1P) bound. The kinetic results lead to the finding that certain hydroxyl group contacts are actually destabilizing, while others have little effect. These new probes also allow a prediction of the active site binding mode of the substrate for the Escherichia coli IMPase for which no crystal structure exists.
Open-source hardware (2004)

Open-source software has made great strides. You can now buy a machine with an open-source operating system, browser, and office productivity package. Recent reports have recommended users switch to open-source browsers, away from less-secure commercial ones. The market for these products is growing rapidly.
Effect of a denture base acrylic resin containing silver nanoparticles on<i>Candida albicans</i>adhesion and biofilm formation (2014)

Nano-silver had antifungal activity and inhibited C. albicans biofilm formation. Antifungal activity and an inhibitory effect on adhesion and biofilm formation by denture base resin containing nano-silver were discovered, especially at a higher concentration.
Acute effects of inhalation of cigarette smoke on airway conductance (1961)

We used the body plethysmograph to measure the ratio of airway conductance (reciprocal of airway resistance) to thoracic gas volume (TGV) in a group of healthy subjects, including 23 noncigarette smokers and 25 cigarette smokers. There was no significant difference between male and female smokers and male nonsmokers. Airway conductance/TGV was significantly higher in female nonsmokers. We studied the acute effect of inhalation of cigarette smoke on airway conductance/TGV in 36 healthy subjects (21 smokers and 15 “nonsmokers”) and 22 patients with cardiopulmonary disease (all smokers). The ratio decreased after the inhalation of cigarette smoke in both groups. The effects were almost immediate; the mean duration of effect was 35 min. Inhalation of 0.5% isoproterenol aerosol reversed or prevented the effect of inhalation of cigarette smoke. The decrease in conductance/TGV caused by inhalation of cigarette smoke did not appear to be related to inhalation of nicotine or of other volatile substances. Submitted on January 23, 1961
Mechanisms of Calpain Proteolysis Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Pathology and Therapy: A Review and Update (1997)

Much recent research has focused on the pathological significance of calcium accumulation in the central nervous system (CNS) following cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injury (SCI), and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Disturbances in neuronal calcium homeostasis may result in the activation of several calcium-sensitive enzymes, including lipases, kinases, phosphatases, and proteases. One potential pathogenic event in a number of acute CNS insults, including TBI, is the activation of the calpains, calcium-activated intracellular proteases. This article reviews new evidence indicating that overactivation of calpains plays a major role in the neurodegenerative cascade following TBI in vivo. Further, this article presents an overview from in vivo and in vitro models of CNS injuries suggesting that administration of calpain inhibitors during the initial 24-h period following injury can attenuate injury-induced derangements of neuronal structure and function. Lastly, this review addresses the potential contribution of other proteases to neuronal damage following TBI.
A robust road profile estimation method for low texture stereo images (2009)

The estimation of road profiles from low texture stereo images is a problematic task because the disparity images computed from such class of images have a large number of noisy disparities. This paper presents a new method that is based on edge maps to guide the cost aggregation process in the stereo matching problem. Using the proposed aggregation method, the disparity images are smooth at low texture regions, but the boundaries of on-road objects are still preserved. The V-disparity images computed from such reliable disparity images can clearly show the road profiles. Thereby, the road profiles can be straightforwardly extracted by the dynamic programming technique. Experiments on a long and real stereo image sequence demonstrate that the proposed method can robustly estimate the road profiles. Furthermore, on-road objects can be detected by combining v- and u-disparity images as well because their boundaries are preserved in the disparity images.