gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Isolation of Fibroblasts from Human Skin Explants (2012)

Here we describe a method for growing fibroblasts from human skin explants that increases the number of cells obtained by up to two orders of magnitude, thus increasing the amount of material available for research and diagnostic purposes and potentially for cell-based therapies. Explants can be transferred sequentially up to 80 times, if required, at which point the explants appear to be completely depleted of fibroblasts. Utilizing skin samples obtained from 16 donors, aged 18-66 years old, the first 20 transfers produced cultures with lifespan and growth characteristics that were all very similar to each other, but the cultures derived from later transfers had a decreasing replicative capacity. Final cumulative population doublings did not correlate with donor age, but correlated positively with the telomere length at early passage. We also demonstrated that explants can be transduced directly by lentiviral infection, and that cryopreserved tissue can be explanted successfully using this procedure.
Achromatic Linear Retarders (1971)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. M. Beckers, "Achromatic Linear Retarders," Appl. Opt. 10, 973-975 (1971) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Production of photoemission-modulated beams in a thermionic electron gun (2005)

The generation and evolution of perturbations and modulations in intense charged particle beams are of key importance for many accelerator applications. Prior work focused on perturbations and modulations produced in gridded electron guns with thermionic cathodes. By using a drive laser, photoemission can produce perturbations within a longer beam generated by thermionic emission. These perturbations affect beam density only, while previous experiments with gridded guns produced perturbations in both beam density and velocity. We have extended these capabilities by developing a flexible system to produce multiple perturbations whose timing and amplitude can be easily adjusted for beam research applications. In this article we describe this apparatus and give preliminary results.
High-Level Vision (1996)

Shimon Ullman focuses on the processes of high-level vision that deal with the interpretation and use of what is seen in the image. In this book, Shimon Ullman focuses on the processes of high-level vision that deal with the interpretation and use of what is seen in the image. In particular, he examines two major problems. The first, object recognition and classification, involves recognizing objects despite large variations in appearance caused by changes in viewing position, illumination, occlusion, and object shape. The second, visual cognition, involves the extraction of shape properties and spatial relations in the course of performing visual tasks such as object manipulation, planning movements in the environment, or interpreting graphical material such as diagrams, graphs and maps. The book first takes up object recognition and develops a novel approach to the recognition of three-dimensional objects. It then studies a number of related issues in high-level vision, including object classification, scene segmentation, and visual cognition. Using computational considerations discussed throughout the book, along with psychophysical and biological data, the final chapter proposes a model for the general flow of information in the visual cortex. Understanding vision is a key problem in the brain sciences, human cognition, and artificial intelligence. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of the theories developed in this work, High-Level Vision will be of interest to readers in all three of these fields. Bradford Books imprint
Decreased Amyloid-β Pathologies by Intracerebral Loading of Glycosphingolipid-enriched Exosomes in Alzheimer Model Mice (2014)

Elevated levels of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the human brain are linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that extracellular Aβ can bind to exosomes, which are cell-secreted nanovesicles with lipid membranes that are known to transport their cargos intercellularly. Such findings suggest that the exosomes are involved in Aβ metabolism in brain. Here, we found that neuroblastoma-derived exosomes exogenously injected into mouse brains trapped Aβ and with the associated Aβ were internalized into brain-resident phagocyte microglia. Accordingly, continuous intracerebral administration of the exosomes into amyloid-β precursor protein transgenic mice resulted in marked reductions in Aβ levels, amyloid depositions, and Aβ-mediated synaptotoxicity in the hippocampus. In addition, we determined that glycosphingolipids (GSLs), a group of membrane glycolipids, are highly abundant in the exosomes, and the enriched glycans of the GSLs are essential for Aβ binding and assembly on the exosomes both in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrate that intracerebrally administered exosomes can act as potent scavengers for Aβ by carrying it on the exosome surface GSLs and suggest a role of exosomes in Aβ clearance in the central nervous system. Improving Aβ clearance by exosome administration would provide a novel therapeutic intervention for Alzheimer disease.
White Matter Development in Early Puberty: A Longitudinal Volumetric and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Twin Study (2012)

White matter microstructure and volume show synchronous developmental patterns in children. White matter volume increases considerably during development. Fractional anisotropy, a measure for white matter microstructural directionality, also increases with age. Development of white matter volume and development of white matter microstructure seem to go hand in hand. The extent to which the same or different genetic and/or environmental factors drive these two aspects of white matter maturation is currently unknown. We mapped changes in white matter volume, surface area and diffusion parameters in mono- and dizygotic twins who were scanned at age 9 (203 individuals) and again at age 12 (126 individuals). Over the three-year interval, white matter volume (+6.0%) and surface area (+1.7%) increased, fiber bundles expanded (most pronounced in the left arcuate fasciculus and splenium), and fractional anisotropy increased (+3.0%). Genes influenced white matter volume (heritability ~85%), surface area (~85%), and fractional anisotropy (locally 7% to 50%) at both ages. Finally, volumetric white matter growth was negatively correlated with fractional anisotropy increase (r = -0.62) and this relationship was driven by environmental factors. In children who showed the most pronounced white matter growth, fractional anisotropy increased the least and vice-versa. Thus, white matter development in childhood may reflect a process of both expansion and fiber optimization.
The expression of cytokeratins 7, 19, and 20 in primary and metastatic carcinomas of the liver. (1996)

We performed immunohistochemical studies on 90 surgically resected liver tumors, including 30 tumors each from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CC), and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma (MCA), using monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK 19, and CK 20 to examine the differences in the CK expressions in primary and metastatic carcinomas of the liver. We also investigated the usefulness of such expression in the differential diagnosis in addition to existing markers such as alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9. For CK 7, all except for one (97%) of the CCs were diffusely positive, whereas only two (7%) HCCs and one (3%) MCAs were diffusely positive. For CK 19, 23 (77%) CCs and 19 (64%) MCAs were diffusely positive, whereas no HCCs were positive. For CK 20, 22 (74%) MCAs were diffusely positive, whereas no HCC and three (10%) CCs were diffusely positive. The findings concerning the expression of immunohistochemical CK are therefore considered to be useful in addition to the diagnostic criteria when making a differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic carcinomas of the liver.
An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Island Route Planning (2017)

The island and reef area route planning is a sophisticated multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem. Meta-heuristics showed success in solving some optimizations and recently various efforts have been directed to hybridize elements from different meta-heuristics and search methods. This paper presents a scan searching method to initiate navigable path as for the original path, adopt the improved genetic algorithms to adjust the path finally get the optimal result. The performance of the proposed algorithms is compared. Using the single heuristics for solving the same problem. Experimental result indicated that the improved genetic algorithm both in the efficiency of search, convergence speed and the final results have certain superiority.
Analysis of the Public Channel of Quantum Key Distribution Link (2017)

Quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on the laws of physics to establish a symmetric binary key between remote parties. A QKD link involves the realization of a quantum channel for the transmission of quantum key material encoded in certain photon properties, as well as a public channel for verification of the exchanged key material. This paper deals with the mutual dependence of these channels and analyzes the impact of performance of both channels on the overall key material establishment process. This paper presents measurement data obtained under laboratory conditions as well as the results obtained by establishing a virtual QKD link. Despite the common beliefs that increased quantum bit error rate implies a larger amount of traffic on the public channel, our measurements prove the opposite. The obtained data clearly show that the public channel has a major impact on the overall performance of the QKD link.
The importance of surface finish to energy performance (2017)

Power generation in solar energy systems, thermal control in buildings and mitigation of the Urban Heat Island problem, are all sensitive to directional response to incoming radiation. The radiation absorption and emission profile also plays a crucial role in each system's response and depends strongly on surface finish. This important sensitivity needs wider recognition in materials data sheets, system modeling, plus in materials and environmental engineering. The impact of surface roughness on thermal response of natural and man-made external environments is examined. Important examples will be given of the role of surface finish within each class. Total emittance links to the way surface finish influences directional emittance E(u). Smooth surface thermal emittance on PV module covers, many solar absorbers, some roof paints, polished concrete, and glass windows can be up to 15% different from insulator results based on fully diffuse models of the same material. Widespread evidence indicates smooth metals and low-E solar absorber surfaces cool faster, and smooth insulators slower than previously thought. Matt paint is cooler than low sheen paint under the same solar heating impacts and normal concrete cooler than polished. Emittance for water is the prime environmental example of oblique impacts as it reflects strongly at oblique incidence, which leads to a significant drop in E(u). Ripples or waves however raise water's average emittance. A surprise in this work was the high sensitivity of total E and its angular components to roughness in the depth range of 0.1-0.8 mm, which are well under ambient thermal IR wavelengths of 3-30 mm but common in metal finishing. Parallel energy flows such as evaporation and convective cooling vary if emittance varies. Thermal image analysis can provide insights into angular radiative effects.
Synthesis and Carrier-transporting Properties of 5,10-Dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-10,10-diphenyl-1,9-diazasilanthrene (2005)

Abstract The title compound was synthesized and investigated as an electron-transporting and hole-blocking material for an organic electroluminescent (EL) device. EL efficiency of the phosphorescent device indicated a good performance of the hole-blocking ability of the compound. The maximum external quantum efficiency was recorded as 14.9% at a low current density of 0.03 mA cm−2.
Electric vehicle trip planning integrating range constraints and charging facilities (2015)

This paper presents a strategy for multi-modal trip planning integrating the management of fully electric vehicle range and charging services along the trip. The network graph is modelled as the superposition of layers representing different transportation means and charging infrastructure, putting in evidence the interaction between the transportation and electricity distribution grids. The presence of energy constraints on the network nodes implies to formalize the trip planning problem as a resource constrained shortest path problem, and solve it through an ad-hoc decomposition strategy. The proposed approach is validated through the simulation of realistic test cases, showing its effectiveness and potential in satisfying complex user preferences, mitigating drivers perception about limited vehicle range and availability of charging infrastructure, smoothing the impact of massive fully electric vehicle charging on distribution grids.
Expression of heterologous O-antigen in Yersinia pestis KIM does not affect virulence by the intravenous route (2003)

All strains of Yersinia pestis examined have been found to lack an O-antigen. In other members of the Enterobacteriaceae, the rough phenotype often results in attenuation. However, Y. pestis is the aetiological agent of bubonic plague. In evolving from the ancestral enteropathogenic Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and with the development of an arthropod-vectored systemic pathogenesis, smooth LPS production is not necessary for Y. pestis virulence and the metabolic burden has been alleviated by inactivation of the O-antigen biosynthetic operon. To investigate this, Y. pestis strain KIM D27 was transformed with a plasmid carrying the operon encoding the O-antigen of Yersinia enterocolitica O : 3. Expression of the O-antigen could be detected in silver-stained gels. The receptor for bacteriophage phiYeO3-12 has been shown to be O-antigen, and infection by this bacteriophage results in lysis of Y. enterocolitica O : 3. Expression of the O-antigen in Y. pestis conferred sensitivity to lysis by phiYeO3-12. The O-antigen-expressing clone was shown to be as virulent in mice by the intravenous route of challenge as the rough wild-type. Assays showed no alteration in the ability of Y. pestis to resist lysis by cationic antimicrobial peptides, serum or polymyxin.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α is associated with angiogenesis, and expression of bFGF, PDGF‐BB, and EGFR in invasive breast cancer (2005)

In invasive breast cancer, HIF-1alpha is associated with angiogenesis, and expression of growth factors bFGF and PDGF-BB, and the receptor EGFR. Thus, agents targeting HIF-1 may combine different pathways of inhibiting breast cancer growth, including angiogenesis and growth factors.
Investigation of ground-fault protection devices for photovoltaic power system applications (2002)

Photovoltaic (PV) power systems, like other electrical systems, may be subject to unexpected ground faults. Installed PV systems always have invisible elements other than those indicated by their electrical schematics. Stray inductance, capacitance and resistance are distributed throughout the system. Leakage currents associated with the PV modules, the interconnected array, wires, surge protection devices and conduit add up and can become large enough to look like a ground-fault. PV systems are frequently connected to other sources of power or energy storage such as batteries, standby generators, and the utility grid. This complex arrangement of distributed power and energy sources, distributed impedance and proximity to other sources of power requires sensing of ground faults and proper reaction by the ground-fault protection devices. The different DC grounding requirements (country to country) often add more confusion to the situation. This paper discusses the ground-fault issues associated with both the DC and AC side of PV systems and presents test results and operational impacts of backfeeding commercially available AC ground-fault protection devices under various modes of operation. Further, the measured effects of backfeeding the tripped ground-fault devices for periods of time comparable to anti-islanding allowances for utility interconnection of PV inverters in the United States are reported.
Regulation of Lymphocyte-Activating Factor (LAF) Production and Secretion in P388D1 Cells: Identification of High Molecular Weight Precursors of LAF (1979)

Abstract Phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) markedly enhanced the production and secretion of lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) by the murine macrophage cell line, P388D1. The stimulatory effect of PMA proceeded, in part, via activation of an existing intracellular precursor pool of LAF. This conclusion is based on the observations that 1) the initial stimulatory effect of PMA on LAF production and secretion occurred for at least 4 hr in the presence of two inhibitors of protein synthesis, cycloheximide and puromycin, and 2) higher m.w. aggregate forms of LAF, possessing differing levels of activity, were present in the sonicates of P388D1 cells. Five species of intracellular LAF with approximate m.w. of 220,000, 50,000 to 70,000, 39,000, 26,000, and 13,000 daltons were resolved on a Sephacryl S200 column. The 50,000 and 13,000 m.w. forms exhibited the most LAF activity, the 39,000 and 26,000 m.w. species were significantly less active, and the 220,000 m.w. form was only weakly active. The 13,000 m.w. intracellular LAF exhibited the same charge heterogeneity on DEAE cellulose as the LAF obtained from the culture supernatants of PMA-stimulated cells, suggesting that the charge heterogeneity of LAF is probably not the result of extracellular modification but a characteristic of the intracellular factor. The 50,000 m.w. species could be completely converted to the 26,000 and 13,000 m.w. forms of intracellular LAF at 37°C. The conversion reaction was not mediated by a trypsin or chymotrypsin-like enzyme nor was the reaction inhibited or enhanced by sodium dodecyl sulfate. The reaction was, however, strongly temperature dependent, proceeding with low efficiency at 4° or 25°C. We propose that during the initial stage of macrophage activation (“priming”), the inactive precursor form(s) of LAF is synthesized and stored. Upon exposure of the primed cells to a secondary stimulus such as PMA, the LAF precursor is converted to an active low m.w. form and secreted. This precursor activation process would thus provide a rapid and efficient mechanism for the mobilization and release of relatively large quantities of LAF by primed or activated macrophages.
The Reference Image Database to Evaluate Response to Therapy in Lung Cancer (RIDER) Project: A Resource for the Development of Change-Analysis Software (2008)

Critical to the clinical evaluation of effective novel therapies for lung cancer is the early and accurate determination of tumor response, which requires an understanding of the sources of uncertainty in tumor measurement and subsequent attempts to minimize their effects on the assessment of the therapeutic agent. The Reference Image Database to Evaluate Response (RIDER) project seeks to develop a consensus approach to the optimization and benchmarking of software tools for the assessment of tumor response to therapy and to provide a publicly available database of serial images acquired during lung cancer drug and radiation therapy trials. Images of phantoms and patient images acquired under situations in which tumor size or biology is known to be unchanged also will be provided. The RIDER project will create standardized methods for benchmarking software tools to reduce sources of uncertainty in vital clinical assessments such as whether a specific tumor is responding to therapy.
The interaction of alkoxy silane coupling agents with silica surfaces (1971)

Abstract The interactions of γ‐aminopropyltriethoxy silane (A‐1100), γ‐methacryloxytrimethoxy silane (A‐174), γ‐glycidoxytrimethoxy silane (A‐187), and ethyltriethoxy silane (A‐15) with silica surfaces have been studied by means of infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate that the major force holding the silane to the silica surface after application from dilute solutions is primary chemical bonding. These bonds are formed by a condensation reaction between silanols on the hydrolyzed form of the silane and hydroxyl groups on the silica surface. In the case of the amino‐silane (A‐1100), hydrogen bonding was found to exist but was of minor importance in bonding the silane to the surface. In studying the effects of the addition of water, acetic acid, or n‐propylamine to various silane treating solutions, it was found that n‐propylamine has a unique catalytic effect on the condensation reaction. This catalytic effect explains the observation that γ‐aminopropyltriethoxy silane is more reactive than the other silanes studied. It is felt that silanes not containing an amine group can be made more effective if they are applied in the presence of an amine catalyst.
Multicore in Real-Time Systems – Temporal Isolation Challenges due to Shared Resources (2013)

Recent advent of multicore platforms, along withassociated desire for porting of aerospace applications to suchplatforms, pose a significant challenge for real-time execution.Sharing the on-chip resources introduces lowlevel temporaleffects that impact the execution time determinism by a multitudeof mechanisms. We discuss such mechanisms in this paperand we outline possible approaches to mitigate them or boundtheir temporal impact. We assume a mixed-criticality real-timeenvironment, as is typical in aerospace applications; it is howeveralso applicable to similar use cases in automotive and industrialcontrol. © CISTER Research Center www.cister.isep.ipp.pt 1 Multicore In Real-Time Systems – Temporal Isolation Challenges Due To Shared Resources Ondřej Kotaba∗, Jan Nowotsch†, Michael Paulitsch†, Stefan M. Petters‡ and Henrik Theiling§ ∗Honeywell International, s.r.o., Aerospace Advanced Technologies, Czech Republic, ondrej.kotaba@honeywell.com †EADS Innovation Works, Germany, [jan.nowotsch,michael.paulitsch]@eads.net ‡ISEP, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal, smp@isep.ipp.pt §SYSGO AG, Germany, hth@sysgo.com Abstract— Recent advent of multicore platforms, along with associated desire for porting of aerospace applications to such platforms, pose a significant challenge for real-time execution. Sharing the on-chip resources introduces low-level temporal effects that impact the execution time determinism by a multitude of mechanisms. We discuss such mechanisms in this paper and we outline possible approaches to mitigate them or bound their temporal impact. We assume a mixed-criticality real-time environment, as is typical in aerospace applications; it is however also applicable to similar use cases in automotive and industrial control. Recent advent of multicore platforms, along with associated desire for porting of aerospace applications to such platforms, pose a significant challenge for real-time execution. Sharing the on-chip resources introduces low-level temporal effects that impact the execution time determinism by a multitude of mechanisms. We discuss such mechanisms in this paper and we outline possible approaches to mitigate them or bound their temporal impact. We assume a mixed-criticality real-time environment, as is typical in aerospace applications; it is however also applicable to similar use cases in automotive and industrial control.