gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Re‐treatment of interferon‐resistant patients with chronic hepatitis C with interferon‐α (1995)

Non-responders to 6-months treatment with recombinant interferon (rIFN)-alpha, 3 MU thrice weekly (primary non-responders) were treated for 6 further months with the same therapy or with a double dose of rIFN-alpha or with a different type of IFN (L-IFN). 112 primary non-responders were randomly enrolled into four groups of 28 patients each over a period of 4 years and were followed up for 6 months: group A continued the same dose of rIFN-alpha, group B was treated with the same rIFN-alpha but received a double dose (6 MU thrice weekly), group C received L-IFN, 3 MU thrice weekly, and group D stopped IFN therapy and did not receive any treatment. Patients were examined at monthly intervals and response was defined as a complete normalization of alanine amino transferase (ALT). The four groups were homogeneous as to age, sex, duration of the disease, probable source of infection, histological diagnosis. ALT and gamma glutamyl transferase (gamma GT) levels. No patient discontinued therapy for side-effects. Further treatment with rIFN-alpha 3 MU thrice weekly (group A) induced normalization of ALT levels in four patients (14%); treatment with double-dosed rIFN-alpha (group B) induced normalization of liver enzymes in six cases (21%); a different type of interferon (L-IFN) (group C) achieved normalization of serum ALT in five patients (18%). None of 28 primary non-responders who did not receive any treatment (group D) showed normalization of ALT levels. None of the patients was anti-HCV negative at the end of the study and no statistically significant difference was noted between responders and non-responders to the second course of IFN therapy as to age, sex, duration of the disease. ALT and gamma GT levels at the end of the trial. Overall at the end of the study the primary non-responders with normal levels of ALT were 15/112 (13%), with a therapeutic advantage of 7%. No statistically significant difference in the response rate was found among patients who continued IFN therapy, but prolongation of rIFN-alpha treatment at double dosage seems to be the best therapeutic regimen.
A new international geostationary electron model: IGE‐2006, from 1 keV to 5.2 MeV (2008)

Département Environnement Spatial, Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales (ONERA) has been developing a model for the geostationary electron environment since 2003. Until now, this model was called Particle ONERA‐LANL Environment (POLE), and it is valid from 30 keV up to 5.2 MeV. POLE is based on the full complement of Los Alamos National Laboratory geostationary satellites, covers the period 1976–2005, and takes into account the solar cycle variation. Over the period 1976 to present, four different detectors were flown: charged particle analyzer (CPA), synchronous orbit particle analyzer (SOPA), energetic spectra for particles (ESP), and magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA). Only the first three were used to develop the POLE model. Here we extend the energy coverage of the model to low energies using MPA measurements. We further include the data from the Japanese geostationary spacecraft, Data Relay Test Satellite (DRTS). These data are now combined into an extended geostationary electron model which we call IGE‐2006.
A Simple Mechanism for Authorship of Dynamic Documents (1986)

It is difficult to make dynamic documents easy to use, but even more difficult to make authorship of dynamic documents simple. This paper outlines a system called GUIDE, which provides users with a modest yet powerful set of facilities for viewing documents on screens. GUIDE aims at a close integration of the author's view with the reader's view. Hie paper discusses the advantages of this approach, and the problems of adding functionality to a conceptually simple system.
A STOCHASTIC REVERSE INTERPOLATION ALGORITHM FOR REAL-VALUED FUNCTION LEARNING (1993)

A learning algorithm for a pRAM-based network is presented in which the neural network learns real-valued functions by a stochastic reinforcement rule with linear reverse interpolation. The algorithm uses the output spike trains to approximate function values and to update memory contents. The algorithm is hardware realisable. It finds applications in areas which involve real-time learning, such as robotics and control.
Phase stability and thermal conductivity of ytterbia and yttria co-doped zirconia (2013)

Rare earth oxides doping has been extensively investigated as one of the effective methods to lower thermal conductivity of 4.55 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). In the present work, 5–6 mol% Yb2O3 and Y2O3 co-doped ZrO2 ceramics were synthesized by solid reaction sintering at 1600 °C. The phase stability of the samples after heat treatment at 1500 °C was investigated. Yb2O3 and Y2O3 co-doped zirconia, especially when Yb2O3/Y2O3≥1, contained less monoclinic phase than single Yb2O3 or Y2O3 phase doped zirconia, indicating that co-doped zirconia was more stable at high temperature than YSZ. The thermal conductivity of the 3 mol% Yb2O3+3 mol% Y2O3 co-doped ZrO2 was 1.8 W m−1 K−1 at 1000 °C, which was more than 20% lower than that of YSZ.
Modeling and Simulation: Linking Entertainment & Defense (1997)

at the Institute for Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA.
Towards the Automatic Anime Characters Creation with Generative Adversarial Networks (2017)

Automatic generation of facial images has been well studied after the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) came out. There exists some attempts applying the GAN model to the problem of generating facial images of anime characters, but none of the existing work gives a promising result. In this work, we explore the training of GAN models specialized on an anime facial image dataset. We address the issue from both the data and the model aspect, by collecting a more clean, well-suited dataset and leverage proper, empirical application of DRAGAN. With quantitative analysis and case studies we demonstrate that our efforts lead to a stable and high-quality model. Moreover, to assist people with anime character design, we build a website (http://make.girls.moe) with our pre-trained model available online, which makes the model easily accessible to general public.
Video-rate optical coherence imaging by two-dimensional heterodyne detection (2001)

Summary form only given. There has been increasing need for real-time imaging based on optical coherence domain reflectometry (OCDR), whose applications have evolved from micrometer-scale imaging inside partially transparent media to optical coherence tomography of biological tissues. For a conventional system using a single detector, the requirement of point-by-point scanning essentially limits the image acquisition time. Although realtime imaging can be realized using a heterodyne detector array, the complexity of parallel signal processing remains a technical challenge and can be costly. In the paper we demonstrate that, with a pair of CCD cameras operated as two-dimensional heterodyne detector arrays in OCDR, full-field, depth-resolved images can be achieved at video rate.
A Non-grounded and Encountered-type Haptic Display Using a Drone (2016)

Encountered-type haptic displays recreate realistic haptic sensations by producing physical surfaces on demand for a user to explore directly with his or her bare hands. However, conventional encountered-type devices are fixated in the environment thus the working volume is limited. To address the limitation, we investigate the potential of an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) as a flying motion base for a non-grounded encountered-type haptic device. As a lightweight end-effector, we use a piece of paper hung from the drone to represent the reaction force. Though the paper is limp, the shape of paper is held stable by the strong airflow induced by the drone itself. We conduct two experiments to evaluate the prototype system. First experiment evaluates the reaction force presentation by measuring the contact pressure between the user and the end-effector. Second experiment evaluates the usefulness of the system through a user study in which participants were asked to draw a straight line on a virtual wall represented by the device.
Controlled Radical <i>Ab Initio</i> Emulsion Polymerization of <i>n</i>‐Butyl Acrylate by Reverse Iodine Transfer Polymerization (RITP): Effect of the Hydrolytic Disproportionation of Iodine (2006)

Abstract Summary: Controlled radical polymerization of n ‐butyl acrylate by reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP) was achieved in ab initio emulsion polymerization to yield a stable and uncolored latex (particle diameter d p = 106 nm). Hydrolysis of iodine, I 2 , was responsible for an upward deviation from the targeted molecular weight $\overline M _{{\rm n},{\rm targeted}}$ = 10 400 g · mol −1 . The iodide concentration [I − ] was followed by an iodide selective electrode and the amount of efficient iodine (33%) was successfully correlated with the experimental molecular weight $\overline M _{{\rm n},{\rm exp}}$ = 31 000 g · mol −1 . Finally, a simplified mechanism of RITP in ab initio emulsion polymerization taking into account the iodine hydrolysis was proposed. Evolution of molecular weight and polydispersity index in RITP of BuA in ab initio emulsion. magnified image Evolution of molecular weight and polydispersity index in RITP of BuA in ab initio emulsion.
Protein kinase B modulates the sensitivity of human neuroblastoma cells to insulin‐like growth factor receptor inhibition (2006)

The potential of the novel insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) inhibitor NVP-AEW541 as an antiproliferative agent in human neuroblastoma was investigated. Proliferation of a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines was inhibited by NVP-AEW541 with IC(50) values ranging from 0.15 to 5 microM. Experiments using an IGF-IR neutralizing antibody confirmed that the IGF-IR was essential to support growth of neuroblastoma cell lines. The expression levels of the IGF-IR in individual neuroblastoma cell lines did not correlate with the sensitivities to NVP-AEW541, while coexpression of the IGF-IR and the insulin receptor (IR) correlated with lower sensitivity to the inhibitor in some cell lines. Intriguingly, high levels of activation of Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) and phosphorylation of the ribosomal S6 protein were observed in neuroblastoma cell lines with decreased sensitivities to NVP-AEW541. Inhibition of Akt/PKB activity restored the sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells to the IGF-IR inhibitor. Transfection of neuroblastoma cells with activated Akt or ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) decreased the sensitivity of the cells to NVP-AEW541. IGF-I-stimulated proliferation of neuroblastoma cell lines was completely blocked by NVP-AEW541, or by a combination of an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and rapamycin. In addition to its antiproliferative effects, NVP-AEW541 sensitized neuroblastoma cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Together, our data demonstrate that NVP-AEW541 in combination with Akt/PKB inhibitors or chemotherapeutic agents may represent a novel approach to target human neuroblastoma cell proliferation.
Evidence for alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects. (1985)

Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) is increased in obese as compared with nonobese subjects and declines with weight loss. To determine whether alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system occurs in obesity and whether ensuing secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with a reduction in urinary calcium, a study was performed in 12 obese white individuals, five men and seven women, and 14 nonobese white subjects, eight men and six women, ranging in age from 20 to 35 yr. Body weight averaged 106 +/- 6 kg in the obese and 68 +/- 2 kg in the nonobese subjects (P less than 0.01). Each of them were hospitalized on a metabolic ward and were given a constant daily diet containing 400 mg of calcium and 900 mg of phosphorus. Whereas mean serum calcium, serum ionized calcium, and serum phosphorus were the same in the two groups, mean serum immunoreactive PTH (518 +/- 48 vs. 243 +/- 33 pg/ml, P less than 0.001), mean serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] (37 +/- 2 vs. 29 +/- 2, P less than 0.01), and mean serum Gla protein (33 +/- 2 vs. 24 +/- 2 ng/ml, P less than 0.02) were significantly higher, and mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) (8 +/- 1 vs. 20 +/- 2 ng/ml, P less than 0.001) was significantly lower in the obese than in the nonobese men and women. Mean urinary phosphorus was the same in the two groups, whereas mean urinary calcium (115 +/- 10 vs. 166 +/- 13 mg/d, P less than 0.01) was significantly lower, and mean urinary cyclic AMP (3.18 +/- 0.43 vs. 1.84 +/- 0.25 nM/dl GF, P less than 0.01) and creatinine clearance (216 +/- 13 vs. 173 +/- 6 liter/d, P less than 0.01) were significantly higher in the obese than in the nonobese individuals. There was a significant positive correlation between percentage of ideal body weight and urinary cyclic AMP (r = 0.524, P less than 0.01) and between percentage of ideal body weight and serum immunoreactive PTH (r = 0.717, P less than 0.01) in the two groups. The results provide evidence that alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects is characterized by secondary hyperparathyroidism which is associated with enhanced renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and increased circulating 1,25(OH)2D. The reduction of serum 25-OHD in them is attributed to feedback inhibition of hepatic synthesis of the precursor by the increased serum 1,25(OH)2D.
'Amateurs, pamphleteers and Indie rock' : Prickly Paradigm press : an interview with Matthew Engelke (2007)

In this interview with one of the editors of Prickly Paradigmpress, the history, rationale, publishing model and achievements of this small publisher are discussed. The success and inventiveness of this model indicate the possibility of a demotic-academic discourse.
Fluorescence Excitation by the Absorption of Two Consecutive Photons (1961)

Fluorescence radiation from polycrystalline La: PrCl/sub 3/ was observed using two separate excitation sources. This fluorescence cannot be attributed to either source alone. The scheme is similar to N. Blocmbergen's proposal for a solid-state infrared quantum counter (Phys. Rev. Letters Porter, Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 32, 825(1961)). (L.N.N.)
The feasibility of in-beam PET for accurate monitoring of proton therapy: results of a comprehensive experimental study (2005)

Positron emission tomography is currently the only feasible method for in-situ and non-invasive 3D monitoring of the precision of the treatment in highly conformal ion therapy. Its positive clinical impact has been proven for fractionated carbon ion therapy of head and neck tumours at the experimental facility at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt (GSI), Germany. Following previous promising experiments, the possible extension of the method to the monitoring of proton therapy has been investigated further in extensive in-beam measurements at GSI. Millimetre accuracy for verification of the lateral field position and for the most challenging issue of range monitoring has been demonstrated in mono-energetic and SOBP proton irradiation of PMMA targets. The irradiation of an inhomogeneous phantom with tissue equivalent inserts in combination with further dynamic analysis has supported the extension of such millimetre precision to real clinical cases, at least in regions of interest for low perfused tissues. All the experimental investigations have been reproduced by the developed modeling rather well. This indicates the possible extraction of valuable clinical information as particle range in-vivo, irradiation field position and even local deviations from the dose prescription on the basis of the comparison between measured and predicted activity distributions. Hence, the clinical feasibility of in-beam PET for proton therapy monitoring is strongly supported.
[A retrospective analysis of autogenous alveolar bone grafting in clefts of the lip and palate]. (1998)

Forming of excelent bone grafting bed and closely surturing is the key to the success of AABG.
Implementing a low-cost, personalized and location based service for delivering advertisements to mobile users (2008)

Context aware, personalized services can give users equipped with mobile devices targeted and timely information in a seamless way. This paper presents the design and implementation of a low cost, personalized and location based shopping advertisement service for mobile users. The service is intended to run over WiFi connections between an AP located in a shopping center or mall and on-board or hand-held mobile devices. We describe an Ontology based formulation of user and advertised products profiles and the process followed by an Ontology reasoner to select ads that will interest a particular user with high probability. Dynamic parameters such as the time of day and user location are also taken into account in the selection. A prototype service implementation using the OSGi platform is also discussed. The OSGi technology made our implementation portable enough to run on a great variety of clients and servers. Finally, user privacy issues and computational and communication resource constraints are playing an important role in our design.
The kinetics and rectifier properties of the slow potassium current in cardiac Purkinje fibres (1968)

1. The reversal potential of the slow outward current in Purkinje fibres varies with [K](o) in accordance with the expected potassium equilibrium potential. It is concluded that virtually all of this current is carried by potassium ions.2. The magnitude of the current is determined by two separable factors. The first factor is directly proportional to a variable obeying first-order voltage-dependent kinetics of the Hodgkin-Huxley type but with extremely long time constants. The time constants of this variable are extremely sensitive to temperature and the Q(10) over the range 26-38 degrees C is 6.3. The second factor shows inward-going rectification with a marked negative slope in the current-voltage relation beyond about 25 mV positive to the K equilibrium potential. The current-voltage relations measured at different values of [K](o) cross each other on the outward current side of the equilibrium potential.4. The changes in slow potassium current during pace-maker activity have been calculated. It is shown that the mechanism of the pace-maker potential differs in several important respects from that described by Noble's (1962) model. The negative slope in the current-voltage relation appears to be an important factor in generating the last phase of pace-maker depolarization.5. The role of the slow potassium current during the action potential and the consequences of the high temperature dependence of the kinetics are discussed.
Novel anti‐platelet aggregation polypeptides from <i>Vipera lebetina</i> venom: Isolation and characterization (1996)

Lebetins 1 and Lebetins 2, two polypeptide groups that inhibit platelet aggregation, were isolated from Vipera lebetina venom by gel filtration and reverse phase chromatography. Amino acid sequencing indicated that the first group contains two major polypeptides of 13 and 12 residues; their molecular weight was determined by electrospray mass spectrometry. The second was composed of two peptides of 38 and 37 residues, each with one disulfide bond. Sequence analysis revealed neither RGD sequence nor homology with other proteins including known snake or tick polypeptides. Lebetins 1 were Pro and Lys rich peptides and their sequences were identical to the N-terminus of Lebetins 2. Lebetins inhibited platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, collagen and PAF-acether. The 50% concentration that inhibited human and rabbit platelet aggregation induced by thrombin was 590 nM and 125 nM for Lebetins 1 and 100 nM and 8 nM for Lebetins 2, respectively. Lebetins 1 and Lebetins 2 also inhibited fibrinogen-induced aggregation of alpha-chymotrypsin-treated platelets as well as in vivo collagen-induced thrombocytopenia in rats with half effective doses of 2 nmol/kg and 4.2 nmol/kg, respectively. Lebetins were not toxic after intravenous injection into mice and rats. These polypeptides form novel platelet inhibitors that could be used to delineate further the mechanisms of platelet aggregation and serve as a model for developing antithrombotic agents.
Improved resistance to <i>Eimeria acervulina</i> infection in chickens due to dietary supplementation with garlic metabolites (2012)

The effects of a compound including the secondary metabolites of garlic, propyl thiosulphinate (PTS) and propyl thiosulphinate oxide (PTSO), on the in vitro and in vivo parameters of chicken gut immunity during experimental Eimeria acervulina infection were evaluated. In in vitro assays, the compound comprised of PTSO (67 %) and PTS (33 %) dose-dependently killed invasive E. acervulina sporozoites and stimulated higher spleen cell proliferation. Broiler chickens continuously fed from hatch with PTSO/PTS compound-supplemented diet and orally challenged with live E. acervulina oocysts had increased body weight gain, decreased faecal oocyst excretion and greater E. acervulina profilin antibody responses, compared with chickens fed a non-supplemented diet. Differential gene expression by microarray hybridisation identified 1227 transcripts whose levels were significantly altered in the intestinal lymphocytes of PTSO/PTS-fed birds compared with non-supplemented controls (552 up-regulated, 675 down-regulated). Biological pathway analysis identified the altered transcripts as belonging to the categories 'Disease and Disorder' and 'Physiological System Development and Function'. In the former category, the most significant function identified was 'Inflammatory Response', while the most significant function in the latter category was 'Cardiovascular System Development and Function'. This new information documents the immunologic and genomic changes that occur in chickens following PTSO/PTS dietary supplementation, which are relevant to protective immunity during avian coccidiosis.
MECHANISMS FOR DYE‐MEDIATED PHOTODYNAMIC ACTION: SINGLET OXYGEN PRODUCTION, DEOXYGUANOSINE OXIDATION AND PHAGE INACTIVATING EFFICIENCIES (1982)

Abstract The production of singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) upon irradiation of several dyes in aqueous solution at pH 9.0, was quantitatively analyzed on the basis of the appearance of stable nitroxide radicals using the amine 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidone as 1 O 2 acceptor. The dyes were checked for purity, their concentrations uniformized in terms of absorbance values and a correction factor was introduced which took into account the amount of photons absorbed. The rates of 1 O 2 production (in arbitrary units per min) were: 71 with rose Bengal, 70 with methylene blue, 61 with eosin Y, 18 with thiopyronine, 10 with proflavine and 9 with acridine yellow. Production of 1 O 2 was not observed with 9‐aminoacridine, acridine orange, quinacrine and ethidium bromide. Irradiated lumichrome initiated, with the same amine, another type of reaction. The rates of two other photoreactions were also determined under similar experimental conditions by following (i) the deoxyguanosine decomposition in which case the reaction was found to be less sensitive but largely parallel to the 1 O 2 production and (ii) the bacteriophage ØX174 inactivation in which case the dyes showed differences in their relative efficiencies. The proteinic capsid of the phage appeared as an effective impermeability barrier towards externally generated 1 O 2 . Moreover, some of the dyes studied intercalated into the phage DNA, a process known to favor radicalar reactions.