gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>M. bovis</i>BCG induced expression of COX-2 involves nitric oxide-dependent and -independent signaling pathways (2009)

In a multifaceted immunity to mycobacterial infection, induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) may act as an important influencing factor for the effective host immunity. We here demonstrate that M. bovis BCG-triggered TLR2-dependent signaling leads to COX-2 and PGE2 expression in vitro in macrophages and in vivo in mice. Further, the presence of PGE2 could be demonstrated in sera or cerebrospinal fluid of tuberculosis patients. The induced COX-2 expression in macrophages is dependent on NF-kappaB activation, which is mediated by inducible NO synthase (iNOS)/NO-dependent participation of the members of Notch1-PI-3K signaling cascades as well as iNOS-independent activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs. Inhibition of iNOS activity abrogated the M. bovis BCG ability to trigger the generation of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), a marker for Notch1 signaling activation, as well as activation of the PI-3K signaling cascade. On the contrary, treatment of macrophages with 3-morpholinosydnonimine, a NO donor, resulted in a rapid increase in generation of NICD, activation of PI-3K pathway, as well as the expression of COX-2. Stable expression of NICD in RAW 264.7 macrophages resulted in augmented expression of COX-2. Further, signaling perturbations suggested the involvement of the cross-talk of Notch1 with members with the PI-3K signaling cascade. These results implicate the dichotomous nature of TLR2 signaling during M. bovis BCG-triggered expression of COX-2. In this perspective, we propose the involvement of iNOS/NO as one of the obligatory, early, proximal signaling events during M. bovis BCG-induced COX-2 expression in macrophages.
Achieving thermally conductive low loss PVDF-based dielectric composites via surface functionalization and orientation of SiC nanowires (2019)

Semi-conductive silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires were amino-functionalized to achieve better dispersion in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix. It was found that PVDF based composites with amino-functionalized SiC (f-SiC) nanowires exhibited lower loss tangent than their counterparts with bare SiC nanowires, especially at a filler loading of 13.8 vol%. The loss tangent at 1 kHz of PVDF/f-SiC nanowires (86.2/13.8, v/v) composite is only 0.048, which is nearly one quarter of that of its counterpart with bare SiC nanowires. The nearly one order of magnitude lower AC conductivity at 1 kHz is responsible for the remarkable decrease of the loss tangent, since the interlacing of f-SiC nanowires was avoided via their parallel orientation, facilitated by the enhanced interfacial interaction. In addition to the low loss, the PVDF/f-SiC nanowires (86.2/13.8, v/v) composite exhibited about twofold increase of the dielectric permittivity at 1 kHz, compared to neat PVDF. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of PVDF/f-SiC nanowires (86.2/13.8, v/v) composite was increased to twice that of neat PVDF. The thermally conductive, high dielectric permittivity, and low loss PVDF/f-SiC nanowires composites may find potential applications in capacitors for microelectronics.
Nondestructive evaluation of dislocations in iron single crystals by positron annihilation (1986)

A new nondestructive method for determining dislocation density was introduced. The positron lifetime spectrum was analyzed to separate the screw- and edge-dislocation components in pure iron single crystals. The dislocation density measured by the positron annihilation technique was compared with the result of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Recovery stages in pure iron single crystals were studied using positron-annihilation Doppler broadening.
Automatic Accuracy-Guaranteed Bit-Width Optimization for Fixed and Floating-Point Systems (2007)

In this paper we present Minibit+, an approach that optimizes the bit-widths of fixed-point and floating-point designs, while guaranteeing accuracy. Our approach adopts different levels of analysis giving the designer the opportunity to terminate it at any stage to obtain a result. Range analysis is achieved using a combined affine and interval arithmetic approach to reduce the number of bits. Precision analysis involves a coarse-grain and fine-grain analysis. The best representation, in fixed-point or floating-point, for the numbers is then chosen based on the range, precision and latency. Three case studies are used: discrete cosine transform, B-Splines and RGB to YCbCr color conversion. Our analysis can run over 200 times faster than current approaches to this problem while producing more accurate results, on average within 2-3% of an exhaustive search.
Rates of utilization and fates of glucose, glutamine, pyruvate, fatty acids and ketone bodies by mouse macrophages (1987)

The concentrations of ATP and the ATP/AMP concentration ratios were maintained in thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages incubated in vitro for 90 min in the presence or absence of added substrate: rates of glycolysis, lactate formation and glutamine utilization were approximately linear with time for at least 60 min of incubation. The rate of oxygen consumption by macrophages was only increased above the basal rate (i.e. that in the absence of added substrate) by addition of succinate or pyruvate, or by addition of the uncoupling agent carboxyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone ('CCCP'); it was decreased by 75% by the addition of KCN. These findings suggest that metabolism of endogenous substrate can provide most, if not all, of the energy requirement of these cells, at least for a short period. The rates of glucose and glutamine utilization by incubated macrophages were approx. 300 and 100 nmol/min per mg of protein respectively. A large proportion of the glutamine that is utilized is converted into glutamate and aspartate, and very little (perhaps less than 10%) is oxidized. Similarly almost all of the glucose that is utilized is converted into lactate and very little is oxidized. This characteristic is similar to that of resting lymphocytes and rapidly dividing cells; in non-proliferating macrophages it may be a mechanism to provide precision in control of the rate of biosynthetic processes that utilize intermediates of these pathways, e.g. purines and pyrimidines for mRNA for the synthesis of secretory proteins and glycerol 3-phosphate for phospholipid synthesis for membrane recycling. No utilization of acetoacetate or 3-hydroxybutyrate by macrophages was detected. In contrast, both butyrate and oleate were oxidized. The rate of [14C]oleate conversion into 14CO2 (1.3 nmol/h per mg of protein) could account for most of the oxygen consumption by incubated macrophages, suggesting that long-chain fatty acids might provide an important fuel in situ. This may be one explanation for the secretion of lipoprotein lipase by these cells, to provide fatty acids for oxidation from the degradation of local triacylglycerol.
Environmental complexity control for vision-based learning mobile robot (2002)

Discusses how a robot can develop its state vector according to the complexity of the interactions with its environment. A method for controlling the complexity is proposed for a vision-based mobile robot whose task is to shoot a ball into a goal avoiding collisions with a goalkeeper. First, we provide the most difficult situation (the maximum speed of the goalkeeper with chasing-a-ball behavior), and the robot estimates the full set of state vectors with the order of the major vector components by a method of system identification. The environmental complexity is defined in terms of the speed of the goalkeeper while the complexity of the state vector is the number of the dimensions of the state vector. According to the increase of the speed of the goalkeeper, the dimension of the state vector is increased by taking a trade-off between the size of the state space (the dimension) and the learning time. Simulations are shown, and other issues for the complexity control are discussed.
Drift caused by phase-modulator nonlinearities in fiber gyroscopes (1990)

Imperfections of a phase modulator driven below the proper modulation frequency of a fiber gyroscope can cause offset of the output signal, limiting long term stability. Bias drift induced by non-linear effects in the phase modulator was studied and altenative ways of stabilizing a short loop length gyro were implemented. Long term drift figures below 0.2°/h rms were achieved in a highly birefringent fiber gyro with a 160 m-long sensing spool.
Enhanced Characterization of Contractility in Cardiomyocytes During Early Drug Safety Assessment (2015)

We sought to investigate whether drug-induced changes in contractility were affected by pacing rates that represent the range of heart rates encountered in vivo. Using the cell geometry measurement system (IonOptix), we paced dog cardiomyocytes at different cycle lengths (CLs) of 2000, 1000, 500, and 333.3 ms, before and after exposure to 13 inotropic drugs. Time course data using vehicle control (0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) demonstrated stability of the system at all CLs tested. Seven positive inotropes (eg isoproterenol) exerted rate-dependent increases in sarcomere shortening (Sarc. short.; maximal effect at a CL of 333.3 ms [0.1 µM isoproterenol increased Sarc. short. by 41.1% and 145.9% at 2000 and 333.3 ms, respectively]). Omecamtiv mecarbil showed an atypical profile (increased Sarc. short. at 2000 ms [106.9%] and decreased at 333.3 ms [IC(50) = 0.64 µM]). Four negative inotropes (eg flecainide) showed rate-independent inhibition of Sarc. short. (IC(50)s: 3.3 µM [2000 ms] versus 2.3 µM [333.3 ms]). The remaining negative inotropes, verapamil, and BTS (N-benzyl-p-toluene sulphonamide) produced an increase (IC(50)s: 3.9 µM [2000 ms] versus 0.043 µM [333.3ms]) and decrease (IC(50)s: 18.3 µM [2000 ms] versus 34.0 µM [333.3 ms]) in potency, respectively. Negative inotropes (eg flecainide, BTS, and verapamil) decreased the area of the Ca(2+) transient versus Sarc. short. hysteresis loop, although rate dependency was seen with verapamil only. Positive inotropes (eg isoproterenol and levosimendan) induced a rate-dependent increase in the area, however Omecamtiv mecarbil increased and decreased the area at CLs of 2000 and 333.3 ms, respectively. Thus, the use of different pacing rates may improve the detection of inotropes in early drug discovery and illustrate the potential for finger-printing different mechanisms of action.
The human-induced pluripotent stem cell initiative—data resources for cellular genetics (2016)

The Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Initiative (HipSci) isf establishing a large catalogue of human iPSC lines, arguably the most well characterized collection to date. The HipSci portal enables researchers to choose the right cell line for their experiment, and makes HipSci's rich catalogue of assay data easy to discover and reuse. Each cell line has genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and cellular phenotyping data. Data are deposited in the appropriate EMBL-EBI archives, including the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA), European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA), ArrayExpress and PRoteomics IDEntifications (PRIDE) databases. The project will make 500 cell lines from healthy individuals, and from 150 patients with rare genetic diseases; these will be available through the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC). As of August 2016, 238 cell lines are available for purchase. Project data is presented through the HipSci data portal (http://www.hipsci.org/lines) and is downloadable from the associated FTP site (ftp://ftp.hipsci.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/ftp). The data portal presents a summary matrix of the HipSci cell lines, showing available data types. Each line has its own page containing descriptive metadata, quality information, and links to archived assay data. Analysis results are also available in a Track Hub, allowing visualization in the context of public genomic annotations (http://www.hipsci.org/data/trackhubs).
Variability of trinucleotide tandem repeats in the MgPa operon and its repetitive chromosomal elements in Mycoplasma genitalium (2011)

Mycoplasma genitalium, a human pathogen associated with sexually transmitted diseases, is unique in that it has the smallest genome of any known free-living organism. Despite its small genome, 4.7 % of the total genomic sequence is devoted to making the MgPa adhesin operon (containing the MG190, MG191 and MG192 genes) and its repetitive chromosomal sequences (known as MgPars). The goals of this study were to investigate the location, organization and variability of trinucleotide tandem repeats (TTRs) in the MgPa operon and MgPars and to explore the possible mechanisms and role of TTR variations. By analysing the complete MgPa operon and complete or partial MgPar sequences in a collection of 15 geographically diverse clinical strains of M. genitalium, TTR sequences were identified in four regions in MG191, one region in MG192, and two or three regions in each of all nine MgPars except for MgPar 3. These TTRs were variable not only in the repeat copy number but also in the repeat unit sequence among or within strains. The key mechanisms for the TTR variations likely include recombination between MgPa and MgPars, and slipped-strand mispairing. TTR variation may represent a mechanism to maximize the variation of the MgPa operon, which is complementary to genetic variation involving segmental recombination between MgPa and MgPars, thus enhancing the organism's ability to adhere to and colonize host cells as well as evasion of the host immune system.
The high frequency fatigue behavior of continuous-fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites. (1997)

Many potential applications for continuous fiber ceramic matrix composites (CFCMCs), such as gas turbines and heat exchangers, will involve high frequency cyclic loading (75 Hz or higher). While most of the work in the area of fatigue of CFCMCs has concentrated on low frequency behavior, it has been shown that fatigue at high frequencies can exacerbate the accumulation of microstructural damage and significantly decrease fatigue life. Soft matrix composites with strong interface bonding provided superior resistance to high frequency fatigue damage. Nicalon/SiCON composites with strong interfacial bonding between the fibers and matrix exhibited very little internal heating during high frequency fatigue loading. This composite system exhibited excellent fatigue life, with fatigue runout at 10$\sp7$ cycles occurring for stresses close to 80% of the ultimate strength (at a loading frequency of 100 Hz). Thick fiber coatings may be more effective in reducing the amount of fiber wear and damage which occur during high frequency fatigue. More effective lubrication at the fiber/matrix interface was achieved with thicker carbon coatings in Nicalon/C/SiC composites subjected to high frequency fatigue loading. Composites with thicker coatings exhibited substantially lower frictional heating and had much higher fatigue lives. The effect of laminate stacking sequence had a significant effect on the high frequency fatigue behavior of CFCMCs. In SCS-6/Si$\rm\sb3N\sb4$ composites, frictional heating in angle-ply laminates ($\pm$45) was substantially higher than that in cross-ply laminates (0/90). Since the angle-ply had a lower stiffness, matrix microcracking in this composite was more predominant. Finally, preliminary fatigue damage mechanism maps for CFCMCs were developed. These maps provided a means to identify which fatigue mechanisms were operating at a given stress level and number of cycles.
Advances in Fluorine Chemistry. Volume 3. Edited by M. Stacey, J. C. Tatlow, and A. G. Sharpe (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAdvances in Fluorine Chemistry. Volume 3. Edited by M. Stacey, J. C. Tatlow, and A. G. SharpeGeorge CadyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1964, 3, 1, 152–154Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50011a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50011a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A phantom with pulsating artificial vessels for non-invasive fetal pulse oximetry (2014)

Arterial oxygen saturation of the fetus is an important parameter for monitoring its physical condition. During labor and delivery the transabdominal non-invasive fetal pulse oximetry could minimize the risk for mother and fetus, compared to other existing invasive examination methods. In this contribution, we developed a physical-like phantom to investigate new sensor circuits and algorithms of a non-invasive diagnostic method for fetal pulse oximetry. Hence, the developed artificial vascular system consists of two independent tube systems representing the maternal and fetal vessel system. The arterial blood pressure is reproduced with a pre-pressure and an artificial vascular system. Each pulse wave can be reproduced, by digital control of a proportional valve, adjustable viscoelastic elements, and resistances. The measurements are performed by pressure transducers, optical sensor units, and a coplanar capacitive sensor. Transmission and reflection measurements have shown that the fetal and maternal pulse waves can be reproduced qualitatively. The measured light represents the transabdominal modulated signal on an abdomen of a pregnant woman.
History of aesthetics (2005)

Volume I: History of Aesthetics Volume II: Aesthetic Theory Volume III: Issues and Challenges Volume IV: The Individual Arts
Employing First Principles Model-Based Soft Sensors for Superior Process Control and Optimisation (2013)

Abstract This paper describes the development and implementation of soft sensors at the world's largest crude oil stabilization plant (Abqaiq) for superior process control and optimization. The soft sensor uses a rigorous steady-state model combined with dynamic synchronization to compute real-time stream properties (i.e., hydrogen sulfide amount (H2S), Reid vapor pressure(RVP), and true vapor pressure (TVP)) so corrective action can be taken immediately. Crude oil is characterized by 19 pure light components and17 heavy pseudo-components. A non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) model is used for predicting thermodynamic properties of the liquid phase while an ideal gas model is used for the vapor phase. Unlike traditional data driven methods, the soft sensor adopts the first-principles modeling approach so current operating conditions can be correctly reflected in the online model based on sound engineering principles. Fault detection, sensor validation, and calibration with laboratory data are also performed online to ensure reliable and accurate predicted H2S, RVP and TVP values.
Editorials (1936)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Design Of Integrated Thermal Flow Sensors Using Thermal Sigma-delta Modulation (2005)

Large scale introduction of thermal flow sensors in consumer electronics, medical and automotive applications is seriously hampered by the limited response speed and the non-standardized format of the output signal of conventional thermal flow sensors. A thermal sigma-delta based feedback system can be used to provide an optimal interface for a wide variety of new as well as existing thermal flow sensors. Advantages of this system are an improved response time of the sensor system and an inherent analog to digital conversion of the measurement signal. Realized sensor implementations range from flow control in consumer electronics, respiration control, to industrial mass flow control.
Precise Ephemeris Reconstruction Using the Clohessy-Wiltshire Frame and Multiple Sequential Compressions (2003)

A precise onboard ephemeris propagation method that uses a multiple sequential compression is developed. A least-square regression is used to dee ne the reference orbit in the form of polynomial functions. Then the position and velocity residuals in terms of rectangular coordinates are generated by subtracting the reference orbit from a numerically generated preciseorbit and expressed in the Clohessy ‐Wiltshire frame. The residuals are compressed using various kinds of basis functions to ree ect secular and periodic variations. Precise position and velocity reconstruction is achieved by adding the compressed residuals into the reference orbit. Numerical simulation experiments and performance comparisons with previous results support the validity of the proposed method.
BGaInAs solar cells lattice-matched to GaAs (2002)

The authors have recently demonstrated the epitaxial growth of B/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x-y/In/sub y/As on GaAs substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. This new material has a bandgap less than that of GaAs, and can be grown lattice-matched to GaAs. Such a material, used as the second or third junction in a strain-free multijunction III-V solar cell, has the potential to increase the total cell efficiency. They report here on the performance of single-junction solar cells with 1.36-eV carbon- and silicon-doped B/sub 0.03/Ga/sub 0.91/In/sub 0.06/As bases and compare them with similar GaAs and Ga/sub 0.94/In/sub 0.06/As cells. The BGaInAs cells have exhibited less-than-ideal open-circuit voltages (V/sub oc/ and fill factors) (FF) of 0.57-0.66 V and 69%-73%, respectively. Poor red response of the quantum efficiencies and low short-circuit currents (j/sub sc/) of 10-14 mA/cm/sup 2/ under AM1.5D conditions indicate that the minority-carrier diffusion lengths are short (<0.1 /spl mu/m). The n-on-p devices perform slightly better than the p-on-n devices.
Organometalloidal Compounds with o-Phenylene Substituents, VII [1] Crystal and Molecular Structure of 10,15-Dihydro-5H-5,10,15-trioxa-tribenzo [a,d,g] cyclononene (Trimeric o-Phenylene Oxide) and its Implications Concerning Preferred Conformations of Compounds (Arylene)<sub>3</sub>X<sub>3</sub> (1981)

The title compound crystallizes with an orthorhombic P cell, a = 893.5(1), b = 949.2(2), c = 1520.6(3) pm; Z = 4, space group Pnab. Its molecular conformation has crystallographic C2-symmetry with one phenylene ring in the plane of the three oxygen atoms, the other rings extending almost perpendicularly above and below this plane. The two kinds of oxygen atoms in the molecule show characteristic differences with respect to CO bond lengths and COC bond angles; only the oxygen lying on the C 2 -axis (joining the "perpendicular" rings) exhibits π-interactions with its phenylene rings. The influence of electronic and steric factors on the preferred conformation of the class of compounds (arylene) 3 X 3 is pointed out.