gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Go—No‐Go paradigm in attention deficit disorder (1988)

We administered the go-no-go paradigm to 44 boys with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and 32 control subjects who did not have ADD. This task requires a subject to emit a simple motor response to one cue while inhibiting the response in the presence of another cue. Commission errors suggest impulsivity, and omission errors suggest inattention. ADD subjects made more total errors than did control subjects (p less than 0.03), and more ADD subjects made multiple errors (p less than 0.001). Within the ADD group, the nonhyperactive (ADDnoH) subjects were characterized by a high number of commission errors early, and significant improvement with practice (p less than 0.01). In contrast, the hyperactive ADD subjects (ADD/H) did not differ from control subjects in number of early commission errors, but differed from both control subjects and ADDnoH subjects in their failure to improve with practice. In addition, the incidence of omission errors was highest in the ADD/H group. This paradigm can be easily incorporated into the assessment of children with suspected ADD and provides an objective measure of inattention and impulsivity. Our data provide cognitive support for the empirical distinction between hyperactive and nonhyperactive children with ADD.
Trap Centers in Germanium-Implanted and in As-Grown 6H-SiC (1995)

We have investigated the trap centers in germanium (Ge)-ion-implanted SiC(6H-SiC:Ge) and in as-grown SiC(AG:6H-SiC) samples using photoluminescence (PL) and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Three carbon-vacancy related luminescence peaks were observed in 6H-SiC:Ge in PL measurements. Six electron trap centers were observed both in 6H-SiC:Ge and in AG:6H-SiC by DLTS. These trap-center-related peaks disappeared from both 6H-SiC:Ge and AG:6H-SiC after surface oxidation and subsequent removal of the oxide layers. Germanium atoms related to donor-type deep level at 1.2 eV below the conduction band edge is observed in 6H-SiC:Ge by DLTS. The six common trap centers are related to native defects. The deep-level activation energy, concentration and capture cross section are estimated.
Learning a Scene Background Model via Classification (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Learning to efficiently construct a scene background model is crucial for tracking techniques relying on background subtraction. Our proposed method is motivated by criteria leading to what a general and reasonable background model should be, and realized by a practical classification technique. Specifically, we consider a two-level approximation scheme that elegantly combines the bottom-up and top-down information for deriving a background model in real time. The key idea of our approach is simple but effective: If a classifier can be used to determine which image blocks are part of the background, its outcomes can help to carry out appropriate blockwise updates in learning such a model. The quality of the solution is further improved by global validations of the local updates to maintain the interblock consistency. And a complete background model can then be obtained based on a measurement of model completion. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, various experimental results and comparisons are included. </para>
Spectrophotometric measurements of cation transport in Nafion (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric measurements of cation transport in NafionC. R. Chris. Wang, Jerzy W. Strojek, and Theodore. KuwanaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 13, 3606–3612Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100297a028https://doi.org/10.1021/j100297a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Pseudo-random permutation generators and cryptographic composition (1986)

GGM] prove that if there is a Pseudo-random number generator, then there is a pseudo-random function generator. We prove here that if there is a pseudo-random function generator, then there is a pseudo-random permutation generator. We also prove that if two permutation generators which are "slightly secure" are cryptographically composed, the result is more secure than either one alone.
Efficiently and effectively processing probabilistic queries on uncertain data (2010)

Uncertainty is inherent in data collected from many important, novel applications such as large sensor networks, WWW, data cleanings and integration, environmental surveillance and market analysis. The sources of uncertainty in these applications vary from data randomness and incompleteness, limitations of measuring equipments, delay or loss in data transfer. As a rapidly growing amount of uncertain data is collected, it is highly desirable to conduct advanced analysing and query processing over uncertain data. The following five important aspects for uncertain data management are investigated in this thesis. We study the problem of probabilistic top-k skyline queries. A model for the top-k skyline operator is proposed combining the feature of top-k objects and that of skyline. Based on this model, an efficient exact algorithm and a randomized algorithm with & -approximation guarantee are developed for discrete and continuous cases, respectively. We extend skyline operator to streaming environment and study the problem of probabilistic skyline queries over sliding windows. We characterize the minimum information needed in continuously computing probabilistic skyline against a sliding window. Then novel, efficient techniques are developed to process a continuous, probabilistic skyline query. As the top-k dominating query is another important method for multi-criterion decision making, we study lop-k dominating queries on uncertain data. The problem is formally defined in a probability threshold fashion. Then, a threshold-based algorithm is developed to compute the exact solution. To overcome some inherent computational deficiency in an exact computation, we develop an efficient randomized algorithm with an accuracy guarantee. We study the problem of quantile-•based KNN over multi-valued objects. Two different quantile distances are proposed. While the first distance can be computed in polynomial time, the second problem is NP-hard. A set of efficient, novel algorithms have been proposed to give an exact solution for the first problem and an approximate solution for the second problem with the approximation ratio 2. To overcome some deficiencies of existing uncertain index structures, we propose VI-tree which can efficiently support various queries including range queries, similarity joins and their size estimation as well as top-k range query, over multi-dimensional uncertain objects against continuous or discrete cases.
Microfiber knot dye laser based on the evanescent-wave-coupled gain (2007)

The authors demonstrate a composite microring laser formed by immersing a silica microfiber knot in a rhodamine 6G dye solution. When the dye molecules are evanescently pumped by 532nm wavelength laser pulses guided along a 350μm diameter knot, lasing oscillation occurs inside the evanescently coupled closed-ring microcavity with a linewidth of about 0.06nm. Laser emission around 570 and 580nm wavelengths, which is evanescently coupled back into the microfiber, is observed with a threshold of about 9.2μJ∕pulse. The use of the microfiber knot cavity suggests a convenient and efficient approach to both pumping and collection of the evanescent-wave-coupled dye laser.
Structured SM identification of vehicle vertical dynamics (2005)

In this paper the problem of identifying discrete time nonlinear systems in regression form from finite and noise corrupted measurements is considered. According to the specifications about identification accuracy that may be needed, a good exploration of the regressor domain of interest has to be ensured by the experimental conditions. This problem becomes very significant for growing dimension of the regressor space, leading very easily to computational complexity problems and to inaccurate identified models. These difficulties are significantly reduced if, using information about the physical structure of the system to be identified, this can be decomposed into interacting subsystems. Using this structural information, the high-dimensional identification problem may be reduced to the identification of lower dimensional subsystems and to the estimation of their interactions. Typical cases considered in the literature are Hammerstein, Wiener and Lur'e systems, but the paper shows that the approach can be extended to more complex structures composed of many subsystems and with nonlinear dynamic blocks, using as an example the identification of a half-car model for vehicle vertical dynamics, where nonlinear suspensions and tyres are considered. Assuming that the road profile is given and that front and rear vertical accelerations are measured, an experimental setup easily realizable in actual experiments on real cars, the half-car model, is decomposed as a generalized Lur'e system, consisting of a linear MIMO system, connected in a feedback form with the two nonlinear dynamic systems through non-measured signals. An iterative identification scheme is proposed, which makes use of a set membership method for the identification of the nonlinear dynamic blocks. This method does not require assumptions on the functional form of the involved nonlinearities, thus circumventing the identification accuracy problems that may be generated by considering approximate functional forms. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Efficient Second-Strand cDNA Synthesis Using T7 DNA Polymerase (1994)

We present a second-strand cDNA synthesis method that takes advantage of both the very high processivity and the very high 3' exonuclease activity of T7 DNA polymerase. The first strand is synthesized with reverse transcriptase using oligo(dT) as a primer. After alkaline hydrolysis of the mRNA template, a tract of dT residues is synthesized with terminal transferase at the 3' end of the first strand. The second strand is synthesized using oligo(dA) as a primer. Several oligo(dA) molecules probably anneal to the poly(dT) tract. Because the 3' exonuclease activity of T7 DNA polymerase is very high, the region of the tract annealed to these oligo(dA) molecules is digested. However, the region of the tract annealed to the very oligo(dA) molecule used as a primer for second-strand synthesis is protected. The resulting cDNA molecules could be cloned with a high efficiency. The size distribution of cloned c-myc DNAs was estimated by Southern blot analysis of phage DNA prepared from the amplified library and by analysis of isolated clones. The results indicate that this method allows to obtain full-length cDNA clones with a high efficiency.
Climatic Perspective and Impacts of the 1998 Northern New York and New England Ice Storm (2000)

From 4 through 10 January 1998 a severe ice storm impacted northern New York and New England. Liquid-equivalent precipitation totals, which fell exclusively as freezing rain, reached as high as 11 cm at some observing sites in northwestern New York. At the limited number of stations in the region that report hourly meteorological observations, the magnitude of the storm was unprecedented since the beginning of digital records in 1948. The duration of the storm exceeded 115 h at Massena, New York, nearly twice the duration of the second-longest event. In terms of the liquid-equivalent precipitation amount that fell as freezing rain, nearly 9 cm was reported at Massena, New York, and 5.7 cm was observed at Burlington, Vermont, the highest amounts on record. Despite these point estimates of storm severity, it is argued that icing events in 1973, 1969, 1956, and 1921 were of comparable magnitude in New York and New England. However, with the exception of the 1921 storm, it does not appear that the spatial extent of these storms was as broad as that of the 1998 ice storm. The economic impacts associated with the storm were most severe in New York and Maine. Across the region, the greatest icing impacts affected electric and communications utilities, forestry interests, the dairy and maple syrup industries, and property owners. Overall, a conservative estimate of ice storm related damages exceeds $1 billion.
Theory and error analysis of vibrating-member gyroscope (1978)

There is a general class of gyroscopic instruments that use a vibrating member as the sensitive element. Instruments in this class are governed by the differential equations <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\ddot{x} + \Omega^{2}x - c\omega\dot{y} = 0</tex> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\ddot{y} + \Omega^{2}y - c\omega\dot{x} = 0</tex> which describe the position of a reference point on the vibrating member relative to a coordinate system fixed in the instrument case. The point <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(x,y)</tex> moves in an elliptical orbit with poriod <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2\pi/\Omega</tex> . The orbit precesses at a rate <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-c\omega/2</tex> (with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c \leq 2</tex> ) relative to the coordinate system and, hence, tends to remain fixed in inertial space. The differential equations for the orbital elements ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</tex> =semimajor axis <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</tex> =semiminor axis, φ=inclination, and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\theta</tex> =orbital angle) are derived for a nonideal gyroscope with damping and anisoelasticity present. The difforential equations for the long-term effects are obtained by averaging the coefficients over the approximate period of oscillation. These equations can he transformed into a fourth-order system of linear differential equations with constant coefficients in the average energy and angular momentum, and their derivatives. These equations are solved explicitly for several cases of practical interest and the results are interpreted physically.
Proteolytic activity of hepatitis A virus 3C protein (1991)

Although the genome organization and overall structure of hepatitis A virus are similar to those of other picornaviruses, nothing is known about the protein-processing pathways used by this virus to generate its capsid and nonstructural proteins from the polyprotein precursor. RNA transcripts of cloned hepatitis A virus cDNAs representing parts of the P2 and P3 regions of the genome were translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysates in vitro, and the translation products were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis before and after immunoprecipitation with specific antisera. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated rapid cleavage at the P2-P3 junction, followed by further but incomplete processing at the 3C-3D junction. Mutation of the 3C coding sequence eliminated all cleavages. Efforts to demonstrate intermolecular cutting of the P2-P3 cleavage site by active 3C or 3CD sequences were unsuccessful; thus, it is likely that this cleavage occurs by intramolecular reaction, in cis.
Structural characterization and comparison of promoter activity of mouse and bovine interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) gene 5' flanking regions in WERI, Y79, chick retina cells, and transgenic mice (2001)

Specific DNA binding events are an essential part of IRBP promoter activity. The conservation of sequences far upstream of the transcription start suggest that unknown physiological processes remain to be understood in IRBP transcriptional regulation.
CEFIC REFOCUSES (2001)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCEFIC REFOCUSESNew director Alain Perroy brings businesslike approach to structure and governancePATRICIA L. SHORTView Author Information C & EN LONDONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2001, 79, 25, 15–17Publication Date (Print):June 18, 2001Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 18 June 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v079n025.p015https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n025.p015newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Chemical structure Get e-Alerts
Z-DNA structure of a modified DNA hexamer at 1,4-.ANG. resolution: aminohexyl-5'-d(pCpGp[Br5C]pGpCpG) (1993)

Oligonucleotides with modification at the 5'-end have been used for various biochemical applications. As a first step to better assess the effects of those modifications on DNA conformation, we determined at 1.4-A resolution the left-handed Z-DNA structure of a DNA hexamer, aminohexyl-5'-d(pCpGp[br5C]pGpCpG), by X-ray diffraction analysis. This hexamer was crystallized in the monoclinic C2 (a = 51.13 A, b = 18.44 A, c = 34.67 A, and beta = 120.9 degrees) space group. Its structure has been refined by the restrained least-squares refinement to a final R factor of 0.164 using 3727 [> 2.0 sigma (F)] observed reflections. The overall conformation of the double helix resembles that of the canonical Z-DNA. The terminal 5'-phosphate groups of the dC residues adopt conformations (beta approximately 180 degrees and gamma approximately 60 degrees) similar to phosphodiester's conformation of the internal dC residues. Two types of interhelical stackings are observed, one of which may serve as a model for a single-strand nick in the backbone of DNA double helix. A barium ion is found to bridge two side-by-side Z-DNA helices by coordinating to the O6 and N7 atoms of two guanines simultaneously. This "cross-linking" ability of barium ion may be a useful property in promoting the reversible aggregation of nucleic acids.
Hydroisomerization of <i>n</i>-Heptane over Pt-Loaded USY Zeolites. Effect of Steaming, Dealumination, and the Resulting Structure on Catalytic Properties (2011)

The hydroconversion of n-heptane was studied on five USY zeolite samples loaded with 1 wt % Pt. Experiments were performed on a continuous fixed-bed stainless steel reactor at 210–310 °C and pressures up to 15 bar. Three in-house samples were subjected to steaming treatment, and the remaining were acid-leached from a commercial source. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of acid leaching, and its subsequent extraframework alumina (EFAL) species removal, on the performance of bifunctional USY zeolite catalysts during n-heptane transformation. Results have shown that steamed samples generate more cracked products at higher conversions when compared to acid-leached ones, more than likely due to a high presence of EFAL species. The degree of steaming played a role in decreasing cracking tendency at higher pressures, which is attributed to pore structure change and decreasing acidity. In addition, steaming resulted in a catalyst sample capable of generating isomers with blended research octane numbers close to those achieved with a robust commercial catalyst. However, poisoning experiments have shown that these two catalysts are highly sensitive to sulfur and require sulfur-free feeds in order to demonstrate their full capacities.
Networking in personal networks (2005)

To facilitate analysis of the role of costimulatory molecules in the ovine immune system, we cloned and sequenced eight putative alternatively spliced transcripts of the sheep CD86 (B7-2) costimulatory molecule. Using RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), we cloned the sheep CD86 (B7-2) molecule that encodes eight forms, which differ in the length of the signal peptide, the presence or absence of a transmembrane region and in their cytoplasmic tails. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the largest ovine CD86 TM form (CD86-2) with the sequence of cattle, pig, human and mouse CD86 indicated that the deduced protein had a higher degree of similarity to cattle (85% of amino acid identity) than to pig (77%), human (59%), and mouse sequence (45% of identity). Our results indicate that mRNA transcripts encoding different CD86 protein forms are expressed in sheep, like in other mammals, and suggest that the expression of this gene may be regulated at the transcriptional or RNA splicing level, which could give rise to tissue-specific expression of CD86. It is possible that, in the sheep, these CD86 mRNA variants could play different regulatory roles in T cell activation.
DMI: Social Innovation Case One: The Healthy Laddoo Project (2014)

A lot of local knowledge and a bit of design thinking combined to convert a popular dessert item into a weapon against malnutrition. Design Impact connects design with low‐income communities in India and the US. This initiative, which fights malnutrition, is typical—and likely to become widespread.
Leadership Challenges for Metropolitan Universities: Issues and Approaches. (1994)

American higher education is in the throes of a major transformation. Decreasing public confidence, increasing concerns about higher education from state legislators, growing regulation at the state and national levels, fiscal challenges, and other major concerns are facing metropolitan universities and higher education generally. They have created the need for more effective leadership. This paper describes some of the principal issues confronting faculty and university leaders today, identifies selected leadership typologies, and offers suggestions on improving leadership effectiveness.