gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>Encodes a Putative Iron Transport System within the Centisome 63 Pathogenicity Island (1999)

Upon entry into the host, Salmonella enterica strains are presumed to encounter an iron-restricted environment. Consequently, these bacteria have evolved a variety of often-redundant high-affinity acquisition systems to obtain iron in this restricted environment. We have identified an iron transport system that is encoded within the centisome 63 pathogenicity island of Salmonella typhimurium. The nucleotide composition of this locus is significantly different from that of the rest of this pathogenicity island, suggesting a different ancestry and a mosaic structure for this region of the S. typhimurium chromosome. This locus, designated sit, consists of four open reading frames which encode polypeptides with extensive homology to the yfe ABC iron transport system of Yersinia pestis, as well as other ABC transporters. The sitA gene encodes a putative periplasmic binding protein, sitB encodes an ATP-binding protein, and sitC and sitD encode two putative permeases (integral membrane proteins). This operon is capable of complementing the growth defect of the enterobactin-deficient Escherichia coli strain SAB11 in iron-restricted minimal medium. Transcription of the sit operon is repressed under iron-rich growth conditions in a fur-dependent manner. Introduction of a sitBCD deletion into wild-type S. typhimurium resulted in no apparent growth defect in either nutrient-rich or minimal medium and no measurable virulence phenotype. These results further support the existence of redundant iron uptake systems in S. enterica.
Performance History on Use of Biopolymer in Springer Sand Waterflood in Southern Oklahoma (1972)

Abstract An area within the North Alma Penn Unit, operated by Samedan Oil Corporation, has been selected to evaluate the effects of injecting a biopolymer at various concentrations into the Sims Sands reservoirs beginning during the early stages of waterflooding. The polymer "slug", sized equivalent to fifteen polymer "slug", sized equivalent to fifteen percent (15%) of the effective pore volume based percent (15%) of the effective pore volume based on a concentration of 250 parts per million (ppm), was started after thirty-one percent (31%) of the reservoir voidage had been filled with straight brine. Approximately thirty-nine percent (30%) of the polymer poundage has percent (30%) of the polymer poundage has been injected at a concentration of 304 ppm and has caused no apparent damage to the reservoirs. Five (5) of nine (9) producing wells have responded to water injection, and three (3) of these have shown a recent reduction in water production. Further injection will be required to fully determine the total effectiveness of the polymer, but there are early indications that the polymer is influencing the water cut in some wells. Introduction The North Alma Penn Unit is located approximately three (3) miles northeast of the townsite of Velma, Oklahoma in Stephens County. The Unit was formed in February, 1970 for the purpose of waterflooding three (3) Deese Sands and three (3) Springer Sands. Water injection was begun in November, 1970, into the lower Deese Sand (Pickens) and the Springer Sands (First, Second and Third Sims); injection into the upper Deese Sands is to be phased in as the in-line Sims producing wells phased in as the in-line Sims producing wells water out. For purposes of this paper, discussion will be limited to the Sims Sands. The Sims Sands comprise approximately seventy-six percent (76%) of the total acre-feet of the net oil volume. Major faults separate each Sims reservoir into four (4) distinct fault blocks, and the northernmost fault isolates the area herein referred to as the "North Fault Block". It is within the North Fault Block where the injection of biopolymer fluid was begun in August, 1971, and is still in progress. Selection of the North Fault Block for polymer injection was based on the following: polymer injection was based on the following: - Uniformity of zones - Complete closure of reservoirs with aquifers controlling three - sides and a major fault on the southside.
Low-bandwidth binaural beamforming (2008)

An efficient beamforming scheme for wireless binaural hearing aids is proposed that provides a trade-off between the transmission bit rate and the amount of noise reduction. It is proposed to transmit only the low-frequency part of the signal from one hearing aid to the other, which is used in a binaural beamformer to generate the low-frequency part of the output. The high-frequency part is generated by a monaural beamformer using only the locally available microphone signals. The trade-off can be attained by adjusting the cutoff frequency of the lowpass filter. For speech sources with a 8 kHz bandwidth in the presence of an interfering source, it is shown that good performance can be achieved with a cutoff frequency of 4 kHz.
BIER Penultimate Hop Popping (2019)

Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) can be used as provider tunnel
for MVPN/GTM [RFC6514] [RFC7716] or EVPN BUM [RFC7432]. It is possible
that not all routers in the provider network support BIER and there
are various methods to handle BIER incapable transit routers. However
the MVPN/EVPN PEs are assumed to be BIER capable - they are
BFIRs/BFERs. This document specifies a method to allow BIER incapable
routers to act as MVPN/EVPN PEs with BIER as the transport, by having
the upstream BFR (connected directly or indirectly via a tunnel) of a
PE remove the BIER header and send the payload to the PE.
Intelligent cruise control with fuzzy logic (2003)

Describes a fuzzy based intelligent cruise control which maintains speed and distance from preceding vehicles. The authors have developed a modular fuzzy controller that takes into account the specific driving and weather situation as well as the individual driver's needs. This intelligent cruise control system has been implemented on a test-vehicle equipped with an infrared distance sensor and a drive-by-wire actuator system that allows accelerating and braking. Experiments prove the effectiveness of the approach and show the human-like behaviour of the intelligent cruise control system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A unified texture model based on a 2-D Wold-like decomposition (1993)

A unified texture model that is applicable to a wide variety of texture types found in natural images is presented. This model leads to the derivation of texture analysis and synthesis algorithms designed to estimate the texture parameters and to reconstruct the original texture field from these parameters. The texture field is assumed to be a realization of a regular homogeneous random field, which is characterized in general by a mixed spectral distribution. The texture field is orthogonally decomposed into a purely indeterministic component and a deterministic component. The deterministic component is further orthogonally decomposed into a harmonic component, and a generalized-evanescent component. Both analytical and experimental results show that the deterministic components should be parameterized separately from the purely indeterministic component. The model is very efficient in terms of the number of parameters required to faithfully represent textures. Reconstructed textures are practically indistinguishable from the originals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
c4‐Heptenal: An Influential Volatile Compound in Boiled Potato Flavor (1987)

ABSTRACT Analysis of headspace volatile concentrates from freshly boiled Russet Burbank potatoes revealed a variety of lipid oxidation products including t 2, c 6‐nonadienal which is further degraded to c 4‐heptenal through a water‐mediated retro‐aldol condensation reaction. Dilute aqueous solutions of c 4‐heptenal exhibited boiled potato‐like aromas, and at relatively high concentrations (greater than 0.7 ppb) added c 4‐heptenal contributed distinct staling‐type flavor defects to both fresh, mashed potatoes and reconstituted dehydrated potatoes. When added at levels between 0.1–0.4 ppb, c 4‐heptenal enhanced overall earthy, potato‐like flavors in freshly boiled mashed potatoes, but these levels caused stale flavors in reconstituted dehydrated potatoes.
Nursing Salons: An Opportunity to Reflect on Our Practice (2010)

In the practice of nursing, we bring our clinical knowledge and our humanity to the intersection of professional and patient. We have the opportunity to learn and grow from each of these encounters to improve our practice and our insight into the care we provide. However, such learning and growth requires intentionally reflecting on those interactions with the goal of identifying successful and unsuccessful strategies in care delivery. This article explores ways in which nurses can reflect on their practice, with particular focus on the nursing salon.
Sortilin and lipoprotein metabolism (2014)

Understanding the mechanism by which sortilin affects LDL cholesterol will increase our understanding of the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism and hepatic lipoprotein export and may also allow us to harness the power of the 1p13 SORT1 locus for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
<i>Miscanthus</i>: a fast‐growing crop for biofuels and chemicals production (2012)

Miscanthus represents a key candidate energy crop for use in biomass‐to‐liquid fuel‐conversion processes and biorefineries to produce a range of liquid fuels and chemicals; it has recently attracted considerable attention. Its yield, elemental composition, carbohydrate and lignin content and composition are of high importance to be reviewed for future biofuel production and development. Starting from Miscanthus , various pre‐treatment technologies have recently been developed in the literature to break down the lignin structure, disrupt the crystalline structure of cellulose, and enhance its enzyme digestibility. These technologies included chemical, physicochemical, and biological pre‐treatments. Due to its significantly lower concentrations of moisture and ash, Miscanthus also represents a key candidate crop for use in biomass‐to‐liquid conversion processes to produce a range of liquid fuels and chemicals by thermochemical conversion. The goal of this paper is to review the current status of the technology for biofuel production from this crop within a biorefinery context.
Single-step large-scale and template-free electrochemical growth of Ni–Zn alloy filament arrays from a zinc chloride based ionic liquid (2010)

For the first time, direct template-free electrodeposition of aligned NiZn nanofilaments was achieved on a tungsten substrate in a quiescent Lewis acidic ZnCl2-EMIC ionic liquid containing NiCl2 at 150 degrees C by applying an extremely large deposition overpotential.
Affect of Globalization on Multinational Enterprises (2013)

Globalization has made the world very small. We have to cast human beings a tune with newer requirements for which they require knowledge. Knowledge is based in experience, faith; common sense & interest for particular point of view change in selection recruitment program, induction program, Training and Development policies are needed to be made. The roles and responsibilities of Human Resources departments are transforming as the modern business faces pressures of globalization. The global supply of talent is short of its long-term demand, and the gap is a challenge for employers everywhere. The shortage between the demand and supply of talent is likely to continue to increase, notably for high skilled workers and for the next generation of business executives. Now organizations need to place greater emphasis on attracting human capital rather than financial capital. Global staffing and management of a workforce diverse in culture and language skills and dispersed in different nations are the key goals of global human resources. Only those multinational enterprises willing to adapt their human resource practices to the changing global labor market conditions will be able to attract and retain high performing employees. Companies with the ability to foresee their business needs and their workforce needs - especially for high skills - will gain the decisive competitive advantage. Globalization can therefore be said to have had a phenomenal impact on a developing economy
Aeroassist flight experiment heating-rate sensitivity study (1991)

A description of the sensitivities associated with predicting the aerothermodynamic environment on the aeroassist flight experiment (AFE) aerobrake is presented. The objective of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity of heating-rate predictions to parametric uncertainties and to differences in methodology. Principal areas of sensitivity which were evaluated include trajectories, angle of attack, thermal protection system (TPS) tile catalycity, nose radius/surface pressure distributions, and viscous interactions. Other areas of concern include thermodynamic/transport properties, wall-temperature variations, and gas cap radiation-prediction methods. The relative importance of each of these effects on AFE heating rates using the boundary-layer integral matrix procedure (BLIMP) program is discussed, and sample results for several of the sensitivity parameters are presented. The most important contribution to the heating rate was determined to be the catalytic wall recombination coefficient, with about a 10 W/cm or 25% deviation from the standard.
Characterization and sequence of PhoC, the principal phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase of Morganella morganii (1994)

Phosphatase activities were investigated in Morganella morganii, which is one of the few enterobacterial species producing high-level phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase activity (HPAP phenotype), and the gene encoding the major phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase was cloned, sequenced, and its product characterized. Using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate, Morganella produced a major phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase (named PhoC) which is associated with the HPAP phenotype, a minor phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase, and a phosphate-repressible alkaline phosphatase. The presence of the PhoC activity prevented induction of alkaline phosphatase when a PhoC-hydrolysable organic phosphate ester, such as glycerol 2-phosphate, was the sole phosphate source. PhoC is a secreted nonspecific acid phosphatase apparently composed of four 25 kDa polypeptide subunits. The enzyme is resistant to EDTA, P(i), fluoride and tartrate. The M. morganii PhoC showed 84.6% amino acid sequence identity to the PhoN nonspecific acid phosphatase of Providencia stuartii, 45.3% to the PhoN nonspecific acid phosphatase of Salmonella typhimurium, and 37.8% to the principal acid phosphatase (PhoC) of Zymomonas mobilis. Comparison of sequence data and of regulation of these enzymes suggested a different phylogeny of members of this gene family within the Enterobacteriaceae.
Computational Semiotics : An Approach for the Study of Intelligent Systems - Part I : Foundations (1997)

: The aim of this paper is to introduce the theoretical foundations of an approach for intelligent systems development. Derived from semiotics, a classic discipline in human sciences, the theory developed provides a mathematical framework for the concept of knowledge and for knowledge processing. As a result, a new perspective to study and to develop intelligent systems emerges. Here, Part I, the focus is on the essentials of such a theory. It includes the background needed from semiotics and describes the relationship between semiotics, intelligent systems and cognition. A taxonomy of the elementary types of knowledge is proposed and a classification of knowledge, from the point of view of application in cognitive systems, is addressed. In addition, a mathematical definition of objects and object networks, two key concepts within the computational semiotics paradigm proposed here, is introduced. The issues of knowledge modeling and system development, within the framework of computati...
Optimizing interference as a source of signal energy with non-linear precoding (2014)

Exploiting interference as a useful resource will be one of the main innovations in 5G communications. In this paper, we explore how to handle the interference to reduce the total transmit power of the Tomlinson-Harashima precoder (THP). We show that the energy efficiency can be improved by adaptively scaling the constellation symbols so that they are better aligned with the interfering signals to be canceled. The theoretical and simulation results of this paper prove that the proposed technique is not only able to preserve the average performance of the conventional THP, but it can also increase its power efficiency by a factor of 2 in the considered scenarios.
Stereochemical Behavior of Intermediary Compounds in the Amine-Catalyzed Knoevenagel Reaction (1988)

Abstract Treatment of the active methylene compounds and aldehydes with a catalytic amount of a secondary amine produces thermodynamically stable alkenes, and the intermediary amino compounds are isolated. The reaction involves many reversible steps, and the stereochemistry of products is determined in the elimination step from the intermediary compounds via stable planar carbanions, in which the small difference in the steric requirements of two electron-withdrawing groups is effective. Steric and electronic effects in the intermediates sometimes bring about the carbon–carbon bond fission with recovery of active methylene compounds, and these effects prevent the Knoevenagel reaction from occurring.
Ranging Performance of the Positioning Reference Signal in LTE Cellular System (2012)

In Release 9 of 3GPP standard, a dedicated positioning signal called Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) has been proposed for enhancing the Location Services (LCS). This paper presents the ranging performance of the PRS in long term evolution (LTE) cellular system. It is believed that this positioning method has a potential to work indoors and provide reliable performance. In this work, we review the characteristics of the PRS; build the physical layer simulation platform; implement optimized algorithms for detection, and demonstrate the ranging performance of PRS. Error sources, interference, and antenna diversity gain are considered in this work. The results show promising ranging performance. The sensitivity to fulfill the E911 requirements would be signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) = -15 dB.
Raman spectroscopy of the BC<sub>3</sub> phase obtained under high pressure and high temperature (2007)

Abstract A direct transformation of the g ‐BC 3 phase to a new diamond‐like d ‐BC 3 phase was observed in a diamond‐anvil cell (DAC) at high temperature, 2033 ± 241 K, and high pressure, 50 GPa. Analysis of the peak positions of the d ‐BC 3 , B 4 C, α‐boron, and the boron‐doped diamond leads to the conclusion that the positions of the peaks of the d ‐BC 3 are more similar to the peak pattern of the boron‐doped diamond rather than that of boron carbide, α‐boron. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A LiNbO/sub 3/ microwave-optoelectronic mixer with linear performance (2002)

Two LiNbO/sub 3/-based Mach-Zehnder interferometric modulators with performance up to 40 GHz are cascaded in series to build a microwave-optoelectronic mixer. The dynamic range of the mixer is significantly enhanced by biasing the devices at quadrature. The mixer has potential for application in wideband fiber-optic communication systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast Quantitative Double Echo Steady State Diffusion Imaging (2011)

In this work, a new and truly diffusion-weighted (i.e., relaxation time independent) SSFP technique is introduced using a double-echo steady state approach (true-dwDESS). As a result, quantitative SSFP DWI can be performed in the very-rapid-pulsing regime which offers substantially increased SNR and scanning efficiency. Finally, high-resolution quantitative DWI is demonstrated for human articular cartilage in the knee joint at 3.0T.
Characterization of human liver α-D-mannosidase purified by affinity chromatography (1976)

Human liver acidic alpha-D-mannosidase was purified 1400-fold by a relatively short procedure incorporating chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose and affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B-epsilon-aminohexanoylmannosylamine. In contrast with the acidic enzymic activity the neutral alpha-mannosidase did not bind to the concanavalin A-Sepharose so the two types of alpha-mannosidase could be separated at an early stage in the purification. The only significant glycosidase contaminant after affinity chromatography on the mannosylamine ligand was alpha-L-fucosidase, which was selectively removed by affinity chromatography on the corresponding fucosylamine ligand. The final preparation was free of other glycosidase activities. The pI of the purified enzyme was increased from 6.0 to 6.45 on treatment with neuraminidase. Although the pI and the mol.wt. (220 000) suggested that alpha-mannosidase A had been purified selectively, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose indicated that the preparation consisted predominantly of alpha-mannosidase B. This discrepancy is discussed in relation to the basis of the multiple forms of human alpha-mannosidase. The purified enzyme completely removed the alpha-linked non-reducing terminal mannose from a trisaccharide isolated from the urine of a patient with mannosidosis. A comparison of the activity of the pure enzyme towards the natural substrate and synthetic substrates suggests that the same enzymic activity is responsible for hydrolysing all the substrates. These results validate the use of synthetic substrates for determining the mannosidosis genotype. They are also further evidence that mannosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease resulting from a deficiency of acidic alpha-mannosidase.
Coherent femtosecond pulse combining of multiple parallel chirped pulse fiber amplifiers (2012)

We report on femtosecond pulse combining with up to four parallel chirped-pulse fiber amplifier channels. Active phase locking is implemented using the LOCSET (Locking of Optical Coherence by Single-detector Electronic-frequency Tagging) single detector feedback technique, resulting in 96.4%, 94.0%, and 93.9% relative combining efficiency with two, three, and four channels respectively. Theoretical and experimental analysis of combining efficiency dependence on amplitude and phase noise shows convergence to a fixed value with increasing number of channels, indicating that multi-channel pulse combining with LOCSET feedback should be scalable to very large numbers of channels.