gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sartre in the States (1994)

THE SURREALISTS REACHED US FIRST. And the great poets of nigritude. We' were sixteen. An iconoclastic culture which helped us refine the rebellion to which we had already come and for which Ginsberg and Baraka (The Dead Lecturer: Against what light is false/ what breath . ..) had been the first signposts. In this sense, therefore, what we vaguely heard of existentialism already seemed to us merely so much academicism. Nausea appeared tame. And how could it have been otherwise after the lapidary prose in which we had so recently exulted? And, in any case, we would not have been able, knowing as we did then so very little, to see in it anything other than a requirement for an American culture of adolescence which we already knew very well how to scorn. At seventeen, however, we knew that the philosophical baggage of Breton would not be enough to sustain us. And, if Sartre himself had teachers, why not start with them (knowing as we already did, though not yet well enough, that presupposition and fundament were of no small matter)? At the local college bookstore we sought out Being and Time. But it was not on the shelf. Under Heidegger we found only a slim volume, German Existentialism. Opening it, we discovered a collection of speeches given in 1933-34. We had thought of Heidegger in ways similar to the way we thought of Pirandello, and even more, of Pound. But the volume in hand was something different. We let it fall to the floor and did not bother to reshelve it. What Heidegger had to say we would learn directly from Sartre or not at all. We left with the Washington Square Press paperback edition of Being and Nothingness. But its pages were too technical for us, we who had read Zarathustra without understanding any of it (or, at least, any of its philosophical content) and Sisyphus, which we in our youthful mix of insight and ignorance found merely banal and at which we did not feel the need to direct our derision,
The Pharmacological Therapy of Chronic Neuropathic Pain (2016)

Drugs are now chosen to treat neuropathic pain independently of the cause and symptoms of the pain. Topical agents are used only to treat peripheral neuropathy. The utility of a treatment approach based on the patient's symptoms and pathological mechanisms was recently demonstrated for the first time in a randomized trial. The goal of current research is to facilitate treatment planning on the basis of the clinical phenotype.
The C37 alkenone record of sea water of time series station DYNAPROC (1999)

The concentrations of suspended particulate pigments, C37-C38 alkenones, total organic carbon and nitrogen in the Ligurian Sea (northwestern Mediterranean) have been studied at 5 and 30 m depth during well defined thermocline conditions. An accurate description of the short term changes of these compounds has been achieved by means of four 36-h sampling cycles each encompassing consecutive filtration periods of 4 h. During sampling the thermocline changes were followed closely by simultaneous measurements of water column temperature, salinity and other physical parameters. The analysis of the collected samples indicates that the Haptophyte pigments and alkenones are essentially synthesized at the levels of highest primary production and therefore the C37 alkenone record reflects the seawater temperature at this depth level. The study also shows that part of these alkenones are distributed throughout the water column in association to the suspended particles. This process results in C37 alkenone distributions that, due to their high resistance to chemical and microbial degradation, record the temperature of the highest primary productivity layers even at shallow (e.g., 5 m depth) or deep (e.g., 1100 m depth) waters.
Unbiasedness, efficiency and the combination of economic forecasts (1989)

Abstract This paper considers the problem of determining whether forecasts are unbiased and examines the implications this has for combining different forecasts. The practical issues of how economic forecasts might be combined are discussed. There is an empirical illustration of the procedures in which the properties of UK forecasts from the London Business School, the National Institute, the Henley Centre for Forecasting, Phillips and Drew and the OECD are examined.
Loop shifting for loop parallelization (2000)

The automatic detection of parallel loops is a well-known problem. Sophisticated polynomial algorithms have been proposed to produce code transformations that reveal parallel loops, in an optimal way as long as the only objective is to reveal as much parallelism as possible. However, a weakness of these techniques is that there is very few control on the solutions they built. For example, it may happen that the produced solution needs a very complex unimodular transformation plus a shift of the different statements even though a much simpler solution exists. It would be more useful to first select its own unimodular transformation and to be able to check that it can be completed by a shift while revealing the same parallelism. Unfortunately, the main result of this paper is that this is a hard problem: finding a (multi-dimensional) shift that makes an innermost loop parallel is strongly NP-complete. Nevertheless, we show that several subcases of this problem are easily solvable and that the general problem can be solved thanks to integer linear programming.
Video Streaming Over In-Home Power Line Networks (2009)

The deployment of power line communication technology for broadband video streaming remains a challenge because power lines are not originally designed for signal transmission. Scalable video is a viable approach that can cope with the bandwidth fluctuation of power line communication networks provided that the bandwidth information is available. In this paper we first investigate how the interference caused by electrical appliances or power supplies affects the power line channel bandwidth and packet transmission. Then we take the obtained characteristics of in-home power line network into account in the design of a simple but effective heuristic-based application-layer bandwidth estimation scheme, for which the cutoff rate is estimated from the packet size and the physical-layer data rates. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can effectively combat the noise interference and deliver robust video streaming over power line.
A framework for application partitioning using trusted execution environments (2017)

Summary The size and complexity of modern applications are the underlying causes of numerous security vulnerabilities. In order to mitigate the risks arising from such vulnerabilities, various techniques have been proposed to isolate the execution of sensitive code from the rest of the application and from other software on the platform (such as the operating system). New technologies, notably Intel's Software Guard Extensions (SGX), are becoming available to enhance the security of partitioned applications. SGX provides a trusted execution environment (TEE), called an enclave , that protects the integrity of the code and the confidentiality of the data inside it from other software, including the operating system (OS). However, even with these partitioning techniques, it is not immediately clear exactly how they can and should be used to partition applications. How should a particular application be partitioned? How many TEEs should be used? What granularity of partitioning should be applied? To some extent, this is dependent on the capabilities and performance of the partitioning technology in use. However, as partitioning becomes increasingly common, there is a need for systematisation in the design of partitioning schemes. To address this need, we present a novel framework consisting of four overarching types of partitioning schemes through which applications can make use of TEEs. These schemes range from coarse‐grained partitioning, in which the whole application is included in a single TEE, through to ultra‐fine partitioning, in which each piece of security‐sensitive code and data is protected in an individual TEE. Although partitioning schemes themselves are application specific, we establish application‐independent relationships between the types we have defined. Because these relationships have an impact on both the security and performance of the partitioning scheme, we envisage that our framework can be used by software architects to guide the design of application partitioning schemes. To demonstrate the applicability of our framework, we have carried out case studies on two widely used software packages, the Apache Web server and the OpenSSL library. In each case study, we provide four high‐level partitioning schemes—one for each of the types in our framework. We also systematically review the related work on hardware‐enforced partitioning by categorising previous research efforts according to our framework. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acquired Haemophilia: Functional Study of Antibodies to Factor VIII (1981)

Factor VIII complex and its interaction with antibodies to factor VIII have been studied in 17 non-haemophilic patients with factor VIII inhibitor. Low VIII:C and high VIIIR:Ag levels were found in all patients. VIII:WF levels were 50% of those of VIIIR:Ag, possibly related to an increase of poorly aggregated and electrophoretically fast moving VIIIR:Ag oligomers. Antibody function has been characterized by kinetics of VIII:C inactivation, saturability by normal plasma and the slope of the affinity curve. Two major patterns were observed: 1) Antibodies from 6 patients behaved similarly to those from haemophiliacs by showing second order inhibition kinetics, easy saturability and steep affinity slope (greater than 1). 2) Antibodies from other patients, usually with lower titres, inactivated VIII:C according to complex order kinetics, were not saturable, and had a less steep affinity slope (less than 0.7). In native plasma, or after mixing with factor VIII concentrate, antibodies of the second group did not form immune complexes with the whole factor VIII molecular complex. However, dissociation procedures did release some antibodies from apparently low molecular weight complexes formed in vivo or in vitro. For appropriate management of non-haemophilic patients with factor VIII inhibitor, it is important to determine the functional properties of their antibodies to factor VIII.
A universal stress protein of<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>is involved in stress responses and biofilm formation (2006)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is recognized as one of the major periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque, which is implicated in the progression of chronic periodontal disease. We analyzed the role of upsA in P. gingivalis 381 and its uspA-deficient mutant CW301 under various stress conditions. In general, the uspA mutant was less tolerant to a variety of environmental stresses relative to the parental strain. In addition, gene expression of uspA is upregulated during biofilm formation. Biofilm formation of the uspA mutant was also less than that of strain 381. In conclusion, the uspA gene affecting the stress responses of P. gingivalis is required for optimal biofilm formation.
Anaerobic Toxicity of Fines in Chemi-Thermomechanical Pulp Wastewaters: A Batch Assay-Reactor Study Comparison (1991)

Toxicity of chemi-thermomechanical pulping (CTMP) wastewaters was tested in batch assays and in anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. In batch serum bottle tests particulate constituents were responsible for 80-90% of the inhibition of acetoclastic activity, and the soluble (fines-free) fraction accounted for 10-20%. Performance of two 2-stage anaerobic sludge blanket reactor systems was compared, one receiving fines-free (NF) and the other unaltered (F) CTMP waste for 140 days. Both reactors became acclimatized to CTMP and developed a tolerance to resin acid concentrations as high as 300-1500 mg·1−1 in the sludge bed. The fines-free reactor was superior throughout, but the differences in performance did not reflect the batch test results. At the organic loading rate of 17-22 g soluble COD.g VSS−1·d−1 NF treated 100% CTMP waste with 42% and F with 38% removal efficiency. Fines accumulation in the sludge bed of F reactor caused a 70% increase in bed volume, resulted in deterioration of sludge settleability, and led to an increased likelihood of biomass loss.
Utility Maximizing Sequential Sensing Over a Finite Horizon (2017)

We consider the problem of optimally utilizing N resources, each in an unknown binary state. The state of each resource can be inferred from state-dependent noisy measurements. Depending on its state, utilizing a resource results in either a reward or a penalty per unit time. The objective is a sequential strategy governing the decision of sensing and exploitation at each time to maximize the expected utility (i.e., total reward minus total penalty and sensing cost) over a finite horizon L. We formulate the problem as a partially observable Markov decision process and show that the optimal strategy is based on two time-varying thresholds for each resource and an optimal selection rule to sense a particular resource. Since a full characterization of the optimal strategy is generally intractable, we develop a low-complexity policy that is shown by simulations to offer a near optimal performance. This problem finds applications in opportunistic spectrum access, marketing strategies, and other sequential resource allocation problems.
Precursors of T cell growth factor producing cells in the thymus: ontogeny, frequency, and quantitative recovery in a subpopulation of phenotypically mature thymocytes defined by monoclonal antibody GK-1.5. (1983)

In this report, the ontogeny of precursors of T cell growth factor (TCGF)-producing cells in the mouse thymus was investigated using a recently described limiting dilution microculture system. In agreement with previous studies, in the adult thymus TCGF production by cells stimulated by alloantigens was largely the property of the Lyt-2-negative subpopulation. Furthermore, when Lyt-2-negative cells were stained with monoclonal antibody GK-1.5 and sorted according to fluorescence intensity, all precursors of TCGF-producing cells were quantitatively recovered in the GK-1.5-positive subpopulation. During ontogeny, TCGF production by Lyt-2-negative thymocytes was first detectable on the 19th day of embryonic development at which time the precursor frequency was 1/10th that found in the adult thymus. As in the adult thymus, all precursors of TCGF-producing cells had the GK-1.5-positive, Lyt-2-negative phenotype. In parallel to these functional studies, the ontogeny of GK-1.5+, Lyt-2- cells was investigated. In the adult thymus, 80% of cells expressed both GK-1.5 and Lyt-2 antigens, whereas minor subpopulations of 10% and 5% (corresponding to phenotypically mature thymocytes as defined by cortisone-resistant thymocytes [CRT]) expressed GK-1.5 or Lyt-2 exclusively; 3% of cells expressed neither antigen. During ontogeny, thymocytes expressing both GK-1.5 and Lyt-2 first appeared on the 16th day of embryonic development and their proportion increased rapidly thereafter. Interestingly, the GK-1.5+, Lyt-2- subpopulation first appeared in significant numbers on day 19 in parallel with the appearance of functional TCGF activity. Taken together with our previous studies correlating cytolytic T lymphocyte precursor (CTL-P) activity with the Lyt-2+, GK-1.5- subpopulation, these results further emphasize the strict correlation between functional activity and mature surface phenotype of both embryonic and adult thymocytes.
Studies on Amino Acids (1953)

γ-Aminobutyric acid was prepared by the following three methods: 1. Chloroacetonitrile was condensed with ethyl malonate to give ethyl cyanomethyl malo-nate (III) and ethyl bis-cyanomethylmalonate (IV). (III) was hydrogenated to give ethyl pyrrolidone- 5)-carbonate-(4) in 54% yield, which gave γ-aminobutyric acid in 85_??_95% yield by treating with hydrochloric acid or with baryta and then with sulphuric acid. 2. Ethyl β-formylpropionate was hydrogenated in alcohol containing ammonia. The resulting compound, which seems to be pyrrolidone, gave γ-aminobutyric acid in 44% yield by treating with hydrochloric acid. 3. Methyl γ-nitrobutyrate, which was prepared by condensing methyl acrylate with nitromethane, was hydrogenated to give γ-aminobutyric acid in 52% yield.
Gene-environment interactions between the codon 194 polymorphism of XRCC1 and antioxidants influence lung cancer risk. (2003)

X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) is a DNA repair gene whose polymorphisms appear to influence the risk of lung cancer. We explored the influence of antioxidants on the association between the codon 194 arganine to tryptophan substitution polymorphism of XRCC1 and lung cancer risk. In a case-control study nested within a cohort of tin miners the cases were those diagnosed with lung cancer over 6 years of follow-up (n = 108). Two controls, matched on age and sex, were selected for each case by incidence density sampling. Individuals with the variant Arg194Trp allele seemed to be at lower risk for lung cancer (odds ratio (OR): 0.7, 95% confidence interval (95%CL): 0.4-1.2). Furthermore, high serum alpha-tocopherol (OR: 0.4, 95%CL: 0.2-0.9) and retinol (OR: 0.4, 95%CL: 0.2-0.9) levels were associated with significantly reduced risk of lung cancer among individuals with the Arg194Trp variant allele, but not among individuals with the wild-type genotype. In addition, the Arg194Trp variant reduced the risk of lung cancer associated with increased serum carotenoids compared to those with the homozygous wild-type allele. Our results show that Arg194Trp XRCC1 variant modifies the association between serum antioxidants and lung cancer risk.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF TOLERANCE TO INTRAVITREAL PERFLUORO-N-OCTANE LIQUID (1991)

Low viscosity perfluorocarbon liquids are useful adjuncts during vitreoretinal surgery. This study evaluates perfluoro-n-octane (PFnO) for intraoperative use by examining ocular tolerance in rabbits and pigs. Rabbits were treated with intravitreal placement of PFnO for 48 hours and were examined during a period of 2 months following treatment. No clinical, electroretinographic, or light and electron microscopic evidence of adverse effects on the retina were observed. Small residual amounts of PFnO produced no adverse histologic changes 6 months after treatment. In pigs treated with mechanical vitrectomy and placement of PFnO for 3 hours, electron microscopic evaluation of the retina confirmed that the liquid had been well tolerated. These findings indicate that PFnO is safe for intraoperative use. When PFnO remained in the vitreous cavity of rabbits for longer than 1 week, varying degrees of globule dispersion occurred. Furthermore, histologic examination revealed changes in the inferior retina: photoreceptor outer segments were distorted, the outer plexiform layer was narrowed, and preretinal accumulation of macrophages had occurred.
Metasurface for characterization of the polarization state of light (2015)

The miniaturization of measurement systems currently used to characterize the polarization state of light is limited by the bulky optical components used such as polarizers and waveplates. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple and compact approach to measure the ellipticity and handedness of the polarized light using an ultrathin (40 nm) gradient metasurface. A completely polarized light beam is decomposed into a left circularly polarized beam and a right circularly polarized beam, which are steered in two directions by the metasurface consisting of nanorods with spatially varying orientations. By measuring the intensities of the refracted light spots, the ellipticity and handedness of various incident polarization states are characterized at a range of wavelengths and used to determine the polarization information of the incident beam. To fully characterize the polarization state of light, an extra polarizer can be used to measure the polarization azimuth angle of the incident light.
As Restless and Questing as a Spaniel (1996)

From Critical Kit-Kats (1896) 276–82. Sir Edmund William Gosse (1849– 1928), poet, scholar and critic, is now best known for Father and Son (1907), an account of life with his Plymouth Brethren father, but also wrote on Gray, Congreve, Donne, Patmore and Swinburne, and — an expert in Scandinavian language — a life of Ibsen (1908). His Collected Poems appeared in 1911. In 1865 Gosse joined the cataloguing section of the British Museum; in 1875 became translator to the Board of Trade; in 1910 librarian to the House of Lords, a post he held for ten years. Stevenson portrayed him as Purcel in 'Talk and Talkers' (Memories and Portraits, 1887). His friendship with Stevenson began on a boat off the Hebrides in the summer of 1869 and he contributed biographical notes to the Pentland Edition of the Works of Robert Louis Stevenson (1906–7), and wrote the Stevenson entry for the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 10th edition. This recollection has been acknowledged by several biographers as a fine rendering of Stevenson's mercurial nature in the early years. Gosse was not in the closest circle: he was too much the strait-laced conservative — too English in a sense — for intimacy of the kind Louis shared with Simpson, Baxter or Henley. However, Gosse showed great concern for his career, and they corresponded regularly, Louis addressing him by a nickname drawn from his initials 'WEG', the name of Dickens's disreputable ballad-seller in Our Mutual Friend.
Engineering of a Novel <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Wine Strain with a Respiratory Phenotype at High External Glucose Concentrations (2005)

The recently described respiratory strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae KOY.TM6*P is, to our knowledge, the only reported strain of S. cerevisiae which completely redirects the flux of glucose from ethanol fermentation to respiration, even at high external glucose concentrations (27). In the KOY.TM6*P strain, portions of the genes encoding the predominant hexose transporter proteins, Hxt1 and Hxt7, were fused within the regions encoding transmembrane (TM) domain 6. The resulting chimeric gene, TM6*, encoded a chimera composed of the amino-terminal half of Hxt1 and the carboxy-terminal half of Hxt7. It was subsequently integrated into the genome of an hxt null strain. In this study, we have demonstrated the transferability of this respiratory phenotype to the V5 hxt1-7Delta strain, a derivative of a strain used in enology. We also show by using this mutant that it is not necessary to transform a complete hxt null strain with the TM6* construct to obtain a non-ethanol-producing phenotype. The resulting V5.TM6*P strain, obtained by transformation of the V5 hxt1-7Delta strain with the TM6* chimeric gene, produced only minor amounts of ethanol when cultured on external glucose concentrations as high as 5%. Despite the fact that glucose flux was reduced to 30% in the V5.TM6*P strain compared with that of its parental strain, the V5.TM6*P strain produced biomass at a specific rate as high as 85% that of the V5 wild-type strain. Even more relevant for the potential use of such a strain for the production of heterologous proteins and also of low-alcohol beverages is the observation that the biomass yield increased 50% with the mutant compared to its parental strain.