gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serial Immunoassays in Parallel on a Microfluidic Chip for Monitoring Hormone Secretion from Living Cells (2006)

A microfluidic chip that allows for the continuous monitoring of cellular secretions from multiple independent living samples was developed. Performance of the device was characterized through the analysis of insulin secretion from islets of Langerhans. The chip contained four individual channel networks, each capable of performing electrophoresis-based immunoassays of the perfusate from islets. In the networks, islets were housed in a chamber that was continuously perfused with pressure-driven biological media at 0.6 microL min-1. Electroosmosis was used to pull perfusate containing secreted insulin into 4-cm-long reaction channels where it mixed with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled insulin and anti-insulin antibody for 60 s. The reaction streams were sampled at 6.25-s intervals and analyzed in parallel using an on-chip capillary electrophoresis separation with laser-induced fluorescence detection by a scanning confocal microscope. The limit of detection for insulin was 10 nM. The device was used to complete over 1450 immunoassays of biological samples in less than 40 min, allowing the parallel monitoring of insulin release from four islets every 6.25 s.
Alternative Method of Rapid Drying Vascular Specimens for Scanning Electron Microscopy (2003)

HMDS treatment and subsequent air drying provides good quality scanning electron micrographs that reveal both endothelial patterns and the layered architecture of stented vessels. The disadvantage of HMDS drying may be a shrinkage and distortion similar to other drying agents. Ease of handling, low cost, and a high rate of success are advantages that favor HMDS desiccation over other drying methods.
Continuous Wavelength Conversion of 40-Gb/s Data Over 100 nm Using a Dispersion-Engineered Silicon Waveguide (2010)

We demonstrate broadband continuous wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing in silicon waveguides, operating with data rates up to 40 Gb/s, validating signal integrity using bit-error-rate measurements. The dispersion-engineered silicon waveguide provides broad phase-matching bandwidth, enabling complete wavelength-conversion coverage of the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> -, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> -, and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> -bands of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) grid. We experimentally show this with wavelength conversion of high-speed data exceeding 100 nm, and characterize the resulting power penalty induced by the wavelength conversion process. We then validate the bit-rate transparency of the all-optical process by scaling the data rate from 5 Gb/s up to 40 Gb/s at the 100-nm wavelength conversion configuration, showing consistent low power penalties, validating the robustness of the four-wave mixing process in the silicon platform for all-optical processing.
Origin of the F-aggregate Centers in BaFX(X=Cl, Br) Single Crystals (1998)

Some new experimental evidence to determine the origin of the F-aggregate centers located in the near IR region in BaFX(X=Cl, Br) crystals is demonstrated. The attribution of the F-aggregate bands to a cluster of the F(X - ) centers has been confirmed through a series of measurements on their emission in IR and the process of aggregates formation in BaFCl 1- x Br x mixed system. The F-aggregate bands at 860 and 1100 nm are assigned to the F(X - ) 2 and F(X - ) 4 centers, respectively, in view of the equilibrium between the F(X - ) centers and the F-aggregate centers.
Surface Cleaning by Electrostatic Removal of Particles (1990)

Contamination of product surfaces by particles during microelectronics manufacturing can lead to significant losses of product yield and reliability. In many cases, cleaning by an effective dry process would be preferable to cleaning by an equally effective wet process. A new dry process for cleaning is described. The product surface to be cleaned is grounded or placed on a grounded surface. An insulating film, approximately 20 μm thick, is placed on the contaminated product surface. A counterelectrode is placed on the film, with enough direct current voltage, typically kilovolts, to create fields of approximately 1 MV/cm. When the film is removed from the contaminated product surface, particles as small as 1 μm are removed with the film. Particles deposited dry are substantially easier to remove than particles deposited wet and allowed to dry. Also very difficult to remove are particles that melt and then solidify on a surface. Various insulating films have shown successful particle removal, but all films tested have also deposited some new particles onto the surface being cleaned, in addition to removing old particles.
Vanadate Regulates Glucose Transporter (Glut-1) Expression in NIH3T3 Mouse Fibroblasts* (1990)

Vanadate, the major oxidized form of the essential trace element vanadium, has rapid effects on glucose transport in vitro and more delayed effects on glucose transport in vivo. We addressed the question that one potential mechanism for the delayed effects of vanadate on glucose homeostasis could be altered expression of one or more of the genes encoding glucose transporters. To do this we studied vanadate regulation of Glut-1 and Glut-4 in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Vanadate (5-40 microM) induced cells to proliferate to higher cell densities, and in addition, 40 microM vanadate caused the cells to exhibit a transformed morphology. Glut-1 mRNA was maximally induced 4- to 5-fold over the control value after 6-h exposure to 30 microM vanadate. Unlike the response to serum and growth factors, the vanadate-induced increase in Glut-1 mRNA remained elevated over the control value in the presence of vanadate for 5 days. The vanadate effect was serum dependent and was fully reversible when vanadate was removed from the medium. In the absence of vanadate, the half-life of Glut-1 mRNA was 0.5-1 h, whereas after treatment for 5 h with 30 microM vanadate the half-life was increased to 1.5-2 h. Thus, mRNA stabilization accounts for at least a part of the increase in glucose transporter mRNA levels after vanadate treatment. Glut-4 mRNA was not detected in these cells in either the absence or presence of vanadate. While the importance of this increased Glut-1 gene expression for the vanadate effect on normalization of blood glucose in vivo remains to be determined, an association between vanadate-induced cell proliferation and transformed phenotype, and vanadate-induced Glut-1 mRNA in vitro has been made. Possible potential therapeutic use of vanadate for treatment of diabetes must, therefore, be viewed with caution.
Scaffolds for Engineering Smooth Muscle Under Cyclic Mechanical Strain Conditions (2000)

Cyclic mechanical strain has been demonstrated to enhance the development and function of engineered smooth muscle (SM) tissues, but appropriate scaffolds for engineering tissues under conditions of cyclic strain are currently lacking. These scaffolds must display elastic behavior, and be capable of inducing an appropriate smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype in response to mechanical signals. In this study, we have characterized several scaffold types commonly utilized in tissue engineering applications in order to select scaffolds that exhibit elastic properties under appropriate cyclic strain conditions. The ability of the scaffolds to promote an appropriate SMC phenotype in engineered SM tissues under cyclic strain conditions was subsequently analyzed. Poly(L-lactic acid)-bonded polyglycolide fiber-based scaffolds and type I collagen sponges exhibited partially elastic mechanical properties under cyclic strain conditions, although the synthetic polymer scaffolds demonstrated significant permanent deformation after extended times of cyclic strain application. SM tissues engineered with type I collagen sponges subjected to cyclic strain were found to contain more elastin than control tissues, and the SMCs in these tissues exhibited a contractile phenotype. In contrast, SMCs in control tissues exhibited a structure more consistent with the nondifferentiated, synthetic phenotype. These studies indicate the appropriate choice of a scaffold for engineering tissues in a mechanically dynamic environment is dependent on the time frame of the mechanical stimulation, and elastic scaffolds allow for mechanically directed control of cell phenotype in engineered tissues.
Density Functional Theory Study of the Interaction of Hydrogen with Li<sub>6</sub>C<sub>60</sub> (2012)

Hydrogen storage properties of Li-coated C60 fullerene have been studied using density functional theory within the local density as well as generalized gradient approximation. Hydrogen atoms are found to bind to Li6C60 in two distinct forms, with the first set attaching to C atoms, not linked to Li, in atomic form. Once all such C atoms are saturated with hydrogen, the second set of hydrogen atoms bind quasi-molecularly to the Li atoms, five of which remain in the exohedral and the sixth in the endohedral position. The corresponding hydrogen gravimetric density in Li6C60H40 is 5 wt %. Desorption of hydrogen takes place in succession, the ones bound quasi-molecularly desorbing at a temperature lower than the ones bound atomically. The results are compared with the recent experiment on hydrogen adsorption in Li6C60.
Development Life Cycle of Web Service-based Business Processes. Enabling Dynamic Invocation of Web Services at Run Time (2004)

Web service technology aims at application integration by providing stable service interfaces and standardized communication protocol. However, this is not yet a mature technology; it lacks certain features, among which ability to compose services in the most flexible way. We begin with a comparison of traditional workflow and the existing Web Services-based process technologies; the advantages of the emerging technologies and how they meet the new requirements imposed by both the business and Web services worlds are pointed out. We revise the process life cycle by including additional phases to the traditional division in only build time and run time. This fosters standardization, and allows for modeling adaptable business processes. We concentrate on the dynamic invocation of WSs from within a process instance and present a new way of finding, binding to and invoking WSs during process runtime. For this we introduce an additional run time sub-phase to accommodate the so-called “find and bind” mechanism, which involves policybased selection of services and binding to them at run time. The implications of the “find and bind” mechanism on the process model and the implementation of the execution environment are also discussed.
Influence of the trapidil derivative AR 12463 on serum and tissue lipids and development of aortic lesions during experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. (1991)

Daily administration of the trapidil derivative AR 12463 (20 mg/kg body weight i.p.) to cholesterol-fed rabbits diminished statistically significantly the increase in serum total cholesterol. After 8 weeks of treatment all measured lipoprotein fractions were significantly lower in animals treated with AR 12463 (group 3) compared with the values of the untreated control (group 1) or vehicle-treated group (group 2). The reduction of serum levels was associated with statistically significantly reduced levels of cholesterol esters in kidney, liver and aorta. The levels of free cholesterol in the liver of group 3 animals were statistically significantly lower compared with the levels in the two other groups, whereas in kidney and aortas the levels of free cholesterol remained unchanged under the influence of AR 12463. The area of aorta covered with fatty streaks was significantly smaller in group 3 versus group 1. The results of this study indicate that treatment of rabbits with AR 12463 while feeding a cholesterol-rich diet prevents hypercholesterolemia as well as the cholesterol incorporation into tissues. The mode of action of AR 12463 on serum and tissue lipids as well as on the development of atherosclerosis is discussed.
Bis-9-acridinyl derivative containing a viologen linker chain: electrochemically active intercalator for reversible labelling of DNA (1990)

A new synthetic bis-9-acridinyl derivative containing a viologen linker chain binds strongly to DNA and shows a typical cyclic voltammogram, indicating a potential for use as a reversible electochemical labelling agent for DNA.
Chiral Recognition of Amino Acids and Dipeptides by a Water-Soluble Zinc Porphyrin (2004)

A chiral water-soluble zinc porphyrin was optically resolved on a chiral HPLC column, and the binding of chiral amino acids and peptides to each of the enantiomers was examined spectrophotometrically in basic aqueous solution. The binding data apparently indicated that the zinc porphyrin has chiral selectivity for amino acids and dipeptides. This was reasonably explained in terms of the triple cooperation of coordination, Coulomb, and steric interactions of the chiral amino carboxylates with the porphyrin. A compensatory relationship among the thermodynamic parameters for chiral recognition was also shown.
Different Regions of Rho Determine Rho-selective Binding of Different Classes of Rho Target Molecules (1998)

Based on their Rho binding motifs several Rho target molecules can be classified into three groups; class I includes the protein kinase PKN, rhophilin, and rhotekin, class II includes the protein kinases, Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinases, ROCK-I and ROCK-II, and class III includes citron. Taking advantage of the selectivity in recognition by these targets between Rho and Rac, we examined the regions in Rho required for selective binding of each class of Rho target molecules. Yeast two-hybrid assays were performed using Rho/Rac chimeras and either rhophilin, ROCK-I, or citron. This study showed the existence of at least two distinct regions in Rho (amino acids 23-40 and 75-92) that are critical for the selective binding of these targets. The former was required for binding to citron, whereas the latter was necessary for binding to rhophilin. On the other hand, either region showed affinity to ROCK-I. This was further confirmed by ligand overlay assay using both recombinant ROCK-I and ROCK-II proteins. Consistently, Rho/Rac chimeras containing either region can induce stress fibers in transfected HeLa cells, and this induction is suppressed by treatment with Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of ROCK kinases. These results suggest that the selective binding of different classes of Rho targets to Rho is determined by interaction between distinct Rho-binding motifs of the targets and different regions of Rho.
Enkephalinase inhibitors. 1. 2,4-Dibenzylglutaric acid derivatives (1989)

The synthesis of two new series of dicarboxylic acid dipeptides and two sulfhydryl-containing inhibitors are described. The in vitro enkephalinase inhibition data and some in vivo analgesic data are presented for these compounds. For the dibenzylglutaric acid series structure-activity relationships and in vivo analgesic activity are discussed. The reverse amides, i.e., 4-amino-2,4-dibenzylbutyric acid derivatives, are also discussed. Two sulfhydryl-containing inhibitors showed good in vivo potency in the mouse jump-latency hot-plate test after peripheral administration at moderate low doses.
Review of Hybrid Prognostics Approaches for Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Engineered Systems, and an Application to Battery Life Prediction (2014)

Prognostics focuses on predicting the future performance of a system, specifically the time at which the system no long performs its desired functionality, its time to failure. As an important aspect of prognostics, remaining useful life (RUL) prediction estimates the remaining usable life of a system, which is essential for maintenance decision making and contingency mitigation. A significant amount of research has been reported in the literature to develop prognostics models that are able to predict a system's RUL. These models can be broadly categorized into experience-based models, date-driven models, and physics-based models. However, due to system complexity, data availability, and application constraints, there is no universally accepted best model to estimate RUL. The review part of this paper specifically focused on the development of hybrid prognostics approaches, attempting to leverage the advantages of combining the prognostics models in the aforementioned different categories for RUL prediction. The hybrid approaches reported in the literature were systematically classified by the combination and interfaces of various types of prognostics models. In the case study part, a hybrid prognostics method was proposed and applied to a battery degradation case to show the potential benefit of the hybrid prognostics approach.
Photonic crystal directional coupler switch with small switching length and wide bandwidth (2006)

A directional coupler switch structure capable of short switching length and wide bandwidth is proposed. The switching length and bandwidth have a trade-off relationship in conventional directional coupler switches. Dispersion curves that avoid this trade-off are derived, and a two-dimensional photonic crystal structure that achieves these dispersion curves is presented. Numerical calculations show that the switching length of the proposed structure is 7.1% of that for the conventional structure, while the bandwidth is 2.17 times larger.
Differential Modulation of Allergic Eye Disease by Chronic and Acute<i>Ascaris</i>Infection (2005)

The current studies suggest acute parasitic infections exacerbate allergic symptoms, whereas chronic infections offer protection and provide possible explanations for the role of parasitic infection in susceptibility and resistance to nonparasite allergens.
Integrating SSL to the JaCoWeb security framework: project and implementation (2002)

This paper presents an integration of the secure socket layer (SSL) and JacORB, according to the CORBA security model, which does not affect the functionality and characteristics of the ORB. The project and implementation of this framework take flexibility and interoperability concerns related to the integration of security technologies in consideration, aspects that are not well described in the Object Management Group (OMG) CORBAsec specifications. Therefore, the main requirements of open systems are assured: portability, reusability and interoperability.
Subfemtomole detection of small molecules with microsphere sensors (2005)

We investigated the feasibility of using a silica microsphere sensor for detection of small molecules. Using the silica molecules (60 Da) at the sphere's surface as a model system, we measured the spectral shifts in the whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) when the sphere size was decreased by a hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution. The results demonstrate that our sensor is capable of detecting a 4 pm (or 0.01 layer of silica) decrease in sphere radius, corresponding to a change of 0.4 fmol silica molecule. These results suggest that small molecules can be detected in trace quantities at the surface of an optical microsphere sensor.
2,3-Dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline: a Neuroprotectant for Cerebral Ischemia (1990)

2,3-Dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline (NBQX) is an analog of the quinoxalinedione antagonists to the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) glutamate receptor. NBQX is a potent and selective inhibitor of binding to the quisqualate subtype of the glutamate receptor, with no activity at the NMDA and glycine sites. NBQX protects against global ischemia, even when administered 2 hours after an ischemic challenge.
Sterilization effects of atmospheric cold plasma brush (2006)

This study investigated the sterilization effects of a brush-shaped plasma created at one atmospheric pressure. A population of 1.0×104–1.0×105 Escherichia coli or Micrococcus luteus bacteria was seeded in filter paper media and then subjected to Ar and/or Ar+O2 plasmas. A complete kill of the Micrococcus luteus required about 3 min argon plasma exposures. With oxygen addition into the argon plasma gas streams, a complete kill of the bacteria needed only less than 1 min plasma exposure for Micrococcus luteus and about 2 min exposure for Escherichia coli. The plasma treatment effects on the different bacteria cell structures were examined using scanning electron microscopy.
Exploiting multimetallic catalysts to access polymer materials from CO<sub>2</sub> (2017)

Polycarbonates and polyurethanes derived from carbon dioxide (CO2) have the potential to consume this greenhouse gas and convert it into value-added polymer products. Such materials have a range of applications including coatings, adhesives, elastomers and construction materials. To be commercially viable, these processes are dependent on the development of highly efficient polymerization catalysts. These catalysts are often multimetallic, and based on a well-defined ligand system. One emerging method for improving catalyst efficiency is through the design of co-operative, mixed-metal catalysts. Such heterometallic, homogenous catalysts have shown significantly improved performance metrics for carbon dioxide/epoxide ring-opening copolymerization, in comparison to their homometallic analogues. This perspective highlights the recently realized reactivity enhancements achieved using multimetallic catalysts. The material properties and scope of carbon dioxide-based polycarbonates are also discussed, including those synthesized from petrochemical-derived and bio-derived epoxides. Renewable carbon dioxide sources are key for this technology to be truly sustainable, and catalyst design has recently enabled the conversion of impure, captured waste carbon dioxide to polycarbonates.
Polystyrene-based superacidic solid acid catalyst: synthesis and its application in biodiesel production (2014)

A novel polystyrene-based superacidic solid acid catalyst was developed. It showed high efficiency for biodiesel production with low catalyst loading and excellent recyclability.
Full-wave precision rectification that is performed in current domain and very suitable for CMOS implementation (1992)

An approach for implementation of full-wave precision rectifiers in CMOS technology is presented, in which the rectification is performed in current domain while both input and output signals are voltages. The rectifier has a very simple structure and both noninverting and inverting circuits can be realized with one op-amp, two current mirrors, and six MOS transistors. The performances of the proposed rectifiers are analyzed and discussed. Extensive computer simulation and experimental results obtained with this and other types of precision rectifiers, which demonstrate many advantages of the proposed techniques over others, are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ADSORPTION OF PHENOLICS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION ON ACTIVATED CARBON: EFFECT OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2007)

Adsorption isotherms of some phenolics from aqueous solutions onto activated carbon were studied in the concentration range (0.030 to 2.083) mmol.dm - at 25 C. The pH of the solutions ranged from 6.5 to 6.8 . The adsorption data were correlated well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm in the range of concentrations studied. The effect of the introduction of NH 2 , CH 3 , Cl , and NO 2 groups to phenol molecule, the effect of substituted position in cresols and aminophenols, and the effect of the number of substituted NO 2 groups in nitrophenols on adsorption were investigated. Electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding between the carbon surface and the solute molecules is postulated to explain the adsorption data.