gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heart arrhythmia detection using continuous wavelet transform and principal component analysis with neural network classifier (2010)

The aim of this study is to develop an algorithm to detect and classify six types of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal beats including normal beats (N), atrial premature beats (A), right bundle branch block beats (R), left bundle branch block beats (L), paced beats (P), and premature ventricular contraction beats (PVC or V) using a neural network classifier. In order to prepare an appropriate input vector for the neural classifier several pre-processing stages have been applied. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) has been applied in order to extract features from the ECG signal. Moreover, Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the size of the data. Finally, the MIT-BIH database is used to evaluate the proposed algorithm, resulting in 99.5% sensitivity (Se), 99.66% positive predictive accuracy (PPA) and 99.17% total accuracy (TA).
Bioactive proteins and peptides isolated from Chinese medicines with pharmaceutical potential (2014)

Some protein pharmaceuticals from Chinese medicine have been developed to treat cardiovascular diseases, genetic diseases, and cancer. Bioactive proteins with various pharmacological properties have been successfully isolated from animals such as Hirudo medicinalis (medicinal leech), Eisenia fetida (earthworm), and Mesobuthus martensii (Chinese scorpion), and from herbal medicines derived from species such as Cordyceps militaris, Ganoderma, Momordica cochinchinensis, Viscum album, Poria cocos, Senna obtusifolia, Panax notoginseng, Smilax glabra, Ginkgo biloba, Dioscorea batatas, and Trichosanthes kirilowii. This article reviews the isolation methods, molecular characteristics, bioactivities, pharmacological properties, and potential uses of bioactive proteins originating from these Chinese medicines.
Identification of a Third Haplotype of the Sequence Linked to the Restorer-of-fertility (Rf) Gene and Its Implications for Male-Sterility Phenotypes in Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) (2008)

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), one of the most important traits in crop breeding, has been used for commercial seed production by F1 hybrid cultivars of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). To develop reliable molecular markers for allelic selection of the Restorer-of-fertility (Rf) gene, which is known to be a major determinant of pollen fertility restoration in peppers, a sequence of approximately 10 kb flanking an RAPD fragment closely linked to the Rf locus was obtained by genome walking. A homology search revealed that this sequence contained an LTR retrotransposon and a non-LTR LINE-like retrotransposon. Sequencing of this Rf-linked region to search for polymorphisms between a dominant and recessive allele revealed 98% nucleotide sequence identity between them. A third polymorphic haplotype of the Rf-linked sequence, which has 94-96% nucleotide sequence identity with the two previously isolated haplotypes, was identified among a large number of breeding lines. Utilizing polymorphic sequences in the haplotypes, PCR markers were developed for selection of particular haplotypes and used to examine the distribution of the haplotypes in diverse breeding lines, cultivars, and C. annuum germplasms. Surprisingly, the third haplotype was the predominant type in C. annuum germplasms, while its frequency in F1 hybrid cultivars was relatively low. Meanwhile, analysis of breeding lines whose Rf allele genotypes and male-sterility phenotypes were already known revealed that the third haplotype was mainly present in exotic breeding lines that cause unstable male-sterility when combined with sterile cytoplasms.
Phase equilibria in the system sulphur dioxide‐water from 25–300°c (1963)

Abstract The liquid‐vapor phase relationships in the system sulphur dioxide‐water have been investigated by the dew and bubble point method. Measurements were made in the pressure range 4 to 250 atm. and the temperature range 25 to 350°C. At the higher temperatures and pressures the mixture in the tube reacted to give sulphuric acid and sulphur and the data in this region are inaccurate. Below the consolute temperature of 127.5°C. two liquid phases can be formed and the system becomes invariant when a vapor phase is also present. At higher temperatures the phase diagrams are of simple shape, and above the critical point of sulphur dioxide the liquid‐vapor inhomogeneous regions become progressively smaller, eventually disappearing at the critical point of water.
Automated Configuration Design and Analysis for ServiceHigh-Availability (2012)

The need for highly available services is ever increasing in various domains ranging from mission critical systems to transaction based ones such as online banking. The Service Availability Forum (SAForum) has defined a set of services and related Application Programming Interface (API) specifications to address the growing need of commercial-off-the-shelf high availability solutions. Among these services, the Availability Management Framework (AMF) is the service responsible for managing the high availability of the application services. To achieve this task, an AMF implementation requires a specific logical view of the organization of the application’s services and components, known as an AMF configuration. Any AMF configuration must be compliant to the concepts and constraints defined in the AMF specifications. The process of defining AMF configurations is error prone and requires extensive domain knowledge. Another major issue is being able to analyze the designed AMF configuration to quantify the anticipated service availability. This requires a different set of modeling and analysis skills that system integrators might not necessarily possess. In this dissertation we propose the automation of this process. The premise is to define a generation method within which we embed the domain knowledge and the domain constraints, and by that generating AMF configurations that are valid by construction. We also define an approach for the service availability analysis of AMF configurations. Our method is based on generating an analysis stochastic model that captures the middleware behavior and the application configuration. This model is thereafter solved to quantify the service availability.
Withdrawal From Intermittent Ethanol Exposure Increases Probability of Burst Firing in VTA Neurons In Vitro (2007)

Changing the activity of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons from pacemaker to burst firing is hypothesized to increase the salience of stimuli, such as an unexpected reward, and likely contributes to withdrawal-associated drug-seeking behavior. Accordingly, pharmacological, behavioral, and electrophysiological data suggest an important role of the VTA in mediating alcohol-dependent behaviors. However, the effects of repeated ethanol exposure on VTA dopamine neuron ion channel function are poorly understood. Here, we repeatedly exposed rats to ethanol (2 g/kg ethanol, ip, twice per day for 5 days), then examined the firing patterns of VTA dopamine neurons in vitro after 7 days withdrawal. Compared with saline-treated animals, the function of the small conductance calcium-dependent potassium channel (SK) was reduced in ethanol-treated animals. Consistent with a role for SK in regulation of burst firing, NMDA applied during firing facilitated the transition to bursting in ethanol-treated but not saline-treated animals; NMDA consistently induced bursting only in saline-treated animals when SK was inhibited. Also, enhanced bursting in ethanol-treated animals was not a result of differences in NMDA-induced depolarization. Further, I(h) was also reduced in ethanol-treated animals, which delayed recovery from hyperpolarization, but did not account for the increased NMDA-induced bursting in ethanol-treated animals. Finally, repeated ethanol exposure and withdrawal also enhanced the acute locomotor-activating effect of cocaine (15 mg/kg, ip). Thus withdrawal after repeated ethanol exposure produced several alterations in the physiological properties of VTA dopamine neurons, which could ultimately increase the ability of VTA neurons to produce burst firing and thus might contribute to addiction-related behaviors.
Revisiting the Evaluation of Robust Regression Techniques for Crop Yield Data Detrending (2010)

Abstract Using a Monte Carlo experiment, the performance of the ordinary least squares (OLS) and the MM‐estimator, a robust regression technique, is compared in an application of crop yield detrending. Assuming symmetric as well as skewed crop yield distributions, we show that the MM‐estimator performs similarly to OLS for uncontaminated time series of crop yield data, and clearly outperforms OLS for outlier‐contaminated samples. In contrast to earlier studies, our analysis suggests that robust regression techniques, such as the MM‐estimator, should be reconsidered for detrending crop yield data.
Mechanics of Composite Strengthening (1965)

Influence of fiber and matrix characteristics on mechanics of deformation and fracture of fibrous composite
Optical imaging of intrinsic signals as a tool to visualize the functional architecture of adult and developing visual cortex. (1995)

One of the most common principles of cortical organization is that neurons with similar response properties are clustered together in space. Thereby the environment is represented in an orderly fashion on the cortical surface in a so-called "cortical map". In primary visual cortex, for instance, neurons with similar orientation preferences are grouped together, forming the orientation preference map. Optical imaging of intrinsic signals allows to investigate the organization of such maps in vivo. Neuronal activity was measured utilizing the fact that the transition from oxy-hemoglobin to hemoglobin in active brain areas can be detected optically by recording changes in light reflectance with a high resolution CCD-camera. When using this technique to look at the exact patterning of orientation preference maps in cat visual cortex a novel principle for the organization of cortical maps was observed: orientation was not organized in parallel bands as had previously been thought but iso-orientation domains were organized radially; orientations from 0 to 180 degrees were laid out in a pinwheel-like fashion around singularities which we termed "orientation-centers". After observing pinwheel patterns in orientation preference maps in adult cat visual cortex it was also investigated how these meticulously arranged maps develop in the cortex of young kittens. Performing chronical recordings in kittens from the age of postnatal day 17 on we were able to observe how orientation maps form already during the third week of life and--under normal conditions--remain largely unchanged thereafter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Optimization of targeted RNA recombination and mapping of a novel nucleocapsid gene mutation in the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (1994)

We have recently described a method of introducing site-specific mutations into the genome of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) by RNA recombination between cotransfected genomic RNA and a synthetic subgenomic mRNA (C. A. Koetzner, M. M. Parker, C. S. Ricard, L. S. Sturman, and P. S. Masters, J. Virol. 66:1841-1848, 1992). By using a thermolabile N protein mutant of MHV (Alb4) as the recipient virus and synthetic RNA7 (the mRNA for the nucleocapsid protein N) as the donor, we selected engineered recombinant viruses as heat-stable progeny resulting from cotransfection. We have now been able to greatly increase the efficiency of targeted recombination in this process by using a synthetic defective interfering (DI) RNA in place of RNA7. The frequency of recombination is sufficiently high that, with Alb4 as the recipient, recombinants can be directly identified without using thermal selection. The synthetic DI RNA has been used to demonstrate that the lesion in another temperature-sensitive and thermolabile MHV mutant, Alb1, maps to the N gene. Sequencing of the Alb1 N gene revealed two closely linked point mutations that fall in a region of the N molecule previously noted as being the most highly conserved region among all of the coronavirus N proteins. Analysis of revertants of the Alb1 mutant revealed that one of the two mutations is critical for the temperature-sensitive phenotype; the second mutation is phenotypically silent.
Response of Arizona cypress (Hesperocyparis arizonica) to the Horseshoe Two Megafire in a south-eastern Arizona Sky Island mountain range (2018)

We examined the response of Arizona cypress (Hesperocyparis arizonica) to the 2011 Horseshoe Two Megafire in the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, USA. We documented cover type, fire severity, cypress mortality and seedling establishment in 60 plots. In plots subject to severe fire, most mature cypresses were killed, the canopy opened and seedlings established abundantly. These results were consistent across three canyons differing in topography and vegetation. Successful regeneration of Arizona cypress contrasts with low seedling establishment for pines in the same area after the Horseshoe Two Fire, a difference possibly explained by abundant serotinous seed production in cypress or its preference for riparian sites protected from extreme fire. Our results firmly establish Arizona cypress as a fire-sensitive but fire-embracing species that depends on stand-replacing fire for regeneration. Given the fire sensitivity of Arizona cypress, however, recent increases in the frequency of high-severity fires in the south-west USA could pose a threat to the long-term viability of this species by preventing individuals from reaching sexual maturity during fire intervals. This scenario, termed the ‘interval squeeze’, has been documented in tecate cypress (H. forbesii) in California. A drier future with more frequent wildfires could pose serious threats to all New World cypresses.
Lactones. 3. A comparison of the basicities of lactones and esters (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLactones. 3. A comparison of the basicities of lactones and estersKenneth B. Wiberg and Roy F. WaldronCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 20, 7705–7709Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00020a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00020a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views410Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Determinants of Accelerated Progression of Arterial Stiffness in Normotensive Subjects and in Treated Hypertensive Subjects Over a 6-Year Period (2002)

The presence of high blood pressure, high heart rate, and high serum creatinine were the major determinants of accelerated progression of aortic stiffness in treated hypertensives. This is the first longitudinal study to evaluate the determinants of arterial aging over an extended period of time.
Juice concentrates of edible mushrooms (1978)

Juice concentrates of edible mushrooms. -Karstenia 18 ( supp I
Worst-case execution time analysis for dynamic branch predictors (2004)

Branch prediction mechanisms are becoming commonplace within modern microprocessors. For developers of real-time control systems, the mechanisms present predictability problems. The reasons are they increase the difficulty in analysing software for its worst-case execution time without introducing unmanageable pessimism and they increase the variability of the software's execution times. In this paper, we improve upon existing branch prediction analysis by taking into account the semantic context of the branches in the source code in order to classify them as either being easy-to-predict or hard-to-predict. Based on this classification we provide a static analysis approach for bimodal and global-history branch prediction schemes. The analysis is applied to a previously published example with the benefit that a more detailed explanation of its results is obtained.
Examination of a Case of Suspected McArdle's Syndrome by<sup>31</sup>P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1981)

McARDLE'S syndrome,1 an inborn error of metabolism caused by a lack of glycogen phosphorylase activity in skeletal muscle, is a recessive condition of some rarity.2 Nevertheless, it poses a constant problem in the differential diagnosis of all forms of muscular disorder. Patients usually present with this condition after a long history of inability to sustain exercise; the diagnosis is suggested by the demonstration that ischemic exercise (the forearm-exercise test2) fails to generate lactic acid, and it is confirmed after open-muscle biopsy by the histochemical demonstration of excess glycogen and absent phosphorylase. A conclusive diagnosis and further clarification of various . . .
Progress report. Peptide absorption in man. (1974)

In this review it is hoped to trace the evolution of our concepts of the absorption of digestion products of dietary protein. Many of the ideas current today were readily accepted by the end of the last century but were ignored by ortho- dox physiologists during the first half of this century-concepts of sugar absorption suffered a similar fate. Although it has now become clear that brush border hydrolysis and consequent utilization of the sugar pump is the predominant method of sugar absorption it would seem that two major mechanisms are involved in peptide absorption: on the one hand hydrolysis of peptides by brush border enzymes with subsequent uptake of the liberated amino acids by specific amino acid transport systems, and on the other hand, uptake of peptides by mechanisms independent of the specific amino acid entry mechanisms, followed by intracellular hydrolysis.
Optimal small kernels for edge detection (2002)

An algorithm is developed for defining small kernels that are conditioned on the important components of the imaging process: the nature of the scene, the point-spread function of the image-gathering device, sampling effects, noise, and post-filter interpolation. Subject to constraints on the spatial support of the kernel, the algorithm generates the kernal values that minimize the expected mean-square error of the estimate of the scene characteristic. This development is consistent with the derivation of the spatially unconstrained Wiener characteristic filter, but leads to a small, spatially constrained convolution kernel. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the algorithm is more flexible than traditional small-kernel techniques and yields more accurate estimates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Income, expenditure and inequalities in later life (2008)

This chapter uses the data from the project referenced in the previous chapter, and considers these changes in relation to the trends in inequality and their impact on consumption patterns. It reveals that one area that has been largely neglected in research on later life is that of the consumption of health and health products. However, the chapter shows that the ageing of the population has profound consequences for the healthcare industry, in terms of demand for different healthcare products, consumer behaviour and marketing strategies.
Analyzing Drone Footage to Assess Necessary Streetlight Placement: Where in New Washington Heights and Poe Mill are Streetlights Most Necessary? (2014)

New Washington Heights and Poe Mill are low income neighborhoods with high crime rates and the people living there feel that more street lights would make the areas more safe at night. In our project, we aimed to answer the question: where are streetlights most appropriate in these neighborhoods? And can footage taken from the recent drone flyover help to improve our ability to accurately model streetlights in these neighborhoods? We will present our findings to the residents of Poe Mill and New Washington Heights in order to aid their efforts in making their streets safer. This question is relevant to GIS because we can use spatial analysis techniques to improve the safety of these neighborhoods.
Studies in chemically modified celluloses. VII. Periodate oxidation of cellulose dyed with reactive dyes (1974)

Abstract Periodate oxidation of cellulose and cellulose dyed with reactive dyes at 32°C in the presence and absence of various concentrations of alkali metal chlorides and sulfates has been studied. The extent of oxidative degradation undergone by cellulose and assessed in terms of copper number and cuprammonium fluidity of the oxidized dyeing, the oxygen consumption during the oxidation, and the rate constant were shown to be markedly increased by the presence of the salts in the oxidizing solution. Borohydride and chlorous acid treatment were used to further modify the periodate oxycelluloses, and the effect of these treatments on the properties was studied.
Unlocking the Door to Neuronal Woes in Alzheimer’s Disease: Aβ and Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (2010)

Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid-β peptide has deleterious effects on mitochondrial function and contributes to energy failure, respiratory chain impairment, neuronal apoptosis, and generation of reactive oxygen species in Alzheimer's disease. The mech<b>a</b>nisms underlying amyloid-β induced mitochondrial stress remain unclear. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial permeability transition pore is important for maintenance of mitochondrial and neuronal function in aging and neurodegenerative disease. Cyclophilin D (Cyp D) plays a central role in opening mitochondrial permeability transition pores, ultimately leading to cell death. Interaction of amyloid-β with cyclophilin D triggers or enhances the formation of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, consequently exacerbating mitochondrial and neuronal dysfunction, as shown by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, impaired mitochondrial respiration function, and increased oxidative stress and cytochrome c release. Blockade of cyclophilin D by genetic abrogation or pharmacologic inhibition protects mitochondria and neurons from amyloid-β induced toxicity, suggesting that cyclophilin D dependent mitochondrial transition pores are a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.