gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bipolar loop-like non-volatile strain in the (001)-oriented Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystals (2014)

Strain has been widely used to manipulate the properties of various kinds of materials, such as ferroelectrics, semiconductors, superconductors, magnetic materials, and "strain engineering" has become a very active field. For strain-based information storage, the non-volatile strain is very useful and highly desired. However, in most cases, the strain induced by converse piezoelectric effect is volatile. In this work, we report a non-volatile strain in the (001)-oriented Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystals and demonstrate an approach to measure the non-volatile strain. A bipolar loop-like S-E curve is revealed and a mechanism involving 109° ferroelastic domain switching is proposed. The non-volatile high and low strain states should be significant for applications in information storage.
Unsupervised Discriminative Training With Application to Dialect Classification (2007)

Automatic dialect classification has gained interest in the field of speech research because of its importance in characterizing speaker traits and knowledge estimation which could improve integrated speech technology (e.g., speech recognition, speaker recognition). This study addresses novel advances in unsupervised spontaneous dialect classification in English and Spanish. The problem considers the case where no transcripts are available for training and test data, and speakers are talking spontaneously. The Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is used for unsupervised dialect classification in our study. Techniques which aim to deal with confused acoustic regions in the GMMs are proposed, where confused regions in the GMMs are identified through data driven methods. The first technique excludes confused regions by finding dialect dependence in the untranscribed audio by selecting the most discriminative Gaussian mixtures [mixture selection (MS)]. The second technique includes the confused regions in the model, but the confused regions are balanced over all classes. This technique is implemented by identifying discriminative frames and confused frames in the audio data [frame selection (FS)]. The new confused regions contribute to model representation but does not impact classification performance. The third technique is to reduce the confused regions in the original model. Minimum classification error (MCE) is applied to achieve this objective. All three techniques implement discriminative training for GMM-based classification. Both the first technique (MS-GMM, GMM trained with mixture selection) and the second technique (FS-GMM, GMM trained with frame selection) improve dialect classification performance. Further improvement is achieved after applying the third technique (MCE training) before the first or second techniques. The system is evaluated using British English dialects and Latin American Spanish dialects. Measurable improvement is achieved in both corpora. Finally, the system is compared with human listener performance, and shown to outperform human listeners in terms of classification accuracy.
DNA-binding protein Pur α and transcription factor YY1 function as transcription activators of the neuron-specific FE65 gene promoter (1997)

Fe65 is an adaptor protein that interacts with the Alzheimer beta-amyloid precursor protein and is expressed mainly in the neurons of several regions of the nervous system. The FE65 gene has a TATA-less promoter that drives an efficient transcription in cells showing a neuronal phenotype, whereas its efficiency is poor in non-neuronal cells. A short sequence encompassing the transcription start site contains sufficient information to drive the transcription in neuronal cells but not in non-neural cells. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays performed with rat brain nuclear extracts showed that three major DNA-protein complexes, named BI, BII and BIII, are formed by the FE65 minimal promoter. The proteins present in complexes BI and BII were purified from bovine brain; internal microsequencing of the purified proteins demonstrated that they corresponded to the previously isolated single-stranded-DNA-binding protein Pur alpha, abundantly expressed in the brain. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, where the efficiency of FE65 promoter is very low, transient expression of Pur alpha increased the transcription efficiency of the FE65 minimal promoter. By using oligonucleotide competition and a specific antibody we demonstrated that the transcription factor YY1 is responsible for the formation of complex BIII. Also in this case, the transient expression of the YY1 cDNA in CHO cells resulted in an increased transcription from the FE65 minimal promoter. The absence of any co-operative effect when CHO cells were co-transfected with both YY1 and Pur alpha cDNA species suggests that two different transcription regulatory mechanisms could have a role in the regulation of the FE65 gene.
A Simple and Mild Approach for the Synthesis of <i>p</i>‐Xylene from Bio‐Based 2,5‐Dimethyfuran by Using Metal Triflates (2017)

The production of aromatic platform chemicals from biomass-derived feedstocks is of considerable importance in biomass conversion. However, the development of effective routes with simple steps and under mild conditions is still challenging. In this work, we report an original route for the direct synthesis of p-xylene from 2,5-dimethylfuran and acrylic acid catalyzed by scandium(III) triflate (Sc(OTf)<sub>3</sub> ) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Emim]NTf<sub>2</sub> ) under mild conditions. An overall 63 % selectivity towards p-xylene and 78 % selectivity towards aromatics were obtained at 90 % conversion of 2,5-dimethylfuran by enhancing the dehydration and introducing an extra one-pot decarboxylation step. Furthermore, various dienes and dienophiles were employed as reactants to extend the substrate scope. The aromatic compounds were obtained in moderate yields, which proved the potential of the method to be a generic approach for the conversion of bio-based furanics into renewable aromatics.
The pathophysiology of essential tremor. (2000)

The pathophysiologic abnormalities that underlie essential tremor (ET) are difficult to decipher because autopsy studies reveal no gross or microscopic abnormalities. Electrophysiologic studies are consistent with a central source of tremorogenic oscillation. The inferior olive and cerebellum are implicated by PET studies. Harmaline tremor in animals shares many features with ET, and the inferior olive has been identified as the source of oscillation in this animal model. Therefore, a disturbance of olivocerebellar rhythmicity is at present the most popular hypothesis for the etiology of ET. Although electrophysiologic tests are available that are helpful in the diagnosis of ET, a gold-standard test or biologic marker for ET is still lacking.
Comparison of various techniques for the exact determination of absorbed dose in heavy ion fields using passive detectors (2004)

Abstract Passive thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) are commonly applied for the determination of absorbed dose in routine radiation protection. The usage of TLDs in heavy ion fields, e.g., in space dosimetry or for treatment planing in radiotherapy, requires the detailed knowledge of the efficiency of these detectors to the ion under study in dependence on the LET of the ion. This is due to the fact, that the detection efficiency of TLDs changes with increasing LET. If the changing efficiency of the TL-material is not taken into account, this would lead to a deviation of the measured absorbed dose. In the framework of the ICCHIBAN project – which was started as an intercomparison of passive and active detector systems used for dose determination in space – “BLIND” exposures were carried out. No information about dose and ion species was given to the investigators. Three different methods were used for the efficiency correction of TLDs after the BLIND exposures. The first method used the different LET efficiency of the TL-materials LiF:Mg, Ti and LiF:Mg, Cu, P to determine the LET and from this LET the efficiency of the LiF:Mg, Ti dosemeters. The second method used the high temperature emissions in LiF:Mg, Ti for the efficiency correction. The third method used a combination of TLDs and CR-39 track etch detectors to determine the total absorbed dose during the BLIND exposures. The paper will discuss the three methods, and focus on their applicability to precise dose determination and recalculation in space dosimetry.
Antibody‐ and aptamer‐strategies for Gv <scp>HD</scp> prevention (2014)

Prevention of Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GvHD) by preserved Graft-versus-Leukaemia (GvL) effect is one of the major obstacles following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Currently used drugs are associated with side effects and were not able to separate GvHD from the GvL-effect because of general T-cell suppression. This review focuses on murine models for GvHD and currently available treatment options involving antibodies and applications for the therapeutic use of aptamers as well as strategies for targeting immune responses by allogenic antigens.
Role of retroviral restriction factors in the interferon-α–mediated suppression of HIV-1 in vivo (2012)

The antiviral potency of the cytokine IFN-α has been long appreciated but remains poorly understood. A number of studies have suggested that induction of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 3 (APOBEC3) and bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2/tetherin/CD317) retroviral restriction factors underlies the IFN-α-mediated suppression of HIV-1 replication in vitro. We sought to characterize the as-yet-undefined relationship between IFN-α treatment, retroviral restriction factors, and HIV-1 in vivo. APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F, and BST-2 expression levels were measured in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected, antiretroviral therapy-naïve individuals before, during, and after pegylated IFN-α/ribavirin (IFN-α/riba) combination therapy. IFN-α/riba therapy decreased HIV-1 viral load by -0.921 (±0.858) log(10) copies/mL in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. APOBEC3G/3F and BST-2 mRNA expression was significantly elevated during IFN-α/riba treatment in patient-derived CD4+ T cells (P < 0.04 and P < 0.008, paired Wilcoxon), and extent of BST-2 induction was correlated with reduction in HIV-1 viral load during treatment (P < 0.05, Pearson's r). APOBEC3 induction during treatment was correlated with degree of viral hypermutation (P < 0.03, Spearman's ρ), and evolution of the HIV-1 accessory protein viral protein U (Vpu) during IFN-α/riba treatment was suggestive of increased BST-2-mediated selection pressure. These data suggest that host restriction factors play a critical role in the antiretroviral capacity of IFN-α in vivo, and warrant investigation into therapeutic strategies that specifically enhance the expression of these intrinsic immune factors in HIV-1-infected individuals.
Social Work at the Heart of the Medical Team (2005)

This paper proposes one model of hospital social work delivery services that places social work in a facilitative role within the medical team, and describes a pilot project designed to evaluate these services. Social work's role in this teaching hospital setting was tailored to provide patients and medical staff access to social work services upon admission, rather than at the time of discharge. This change places social work at the pivotal juncture to improve medical care and addresses the social, cultural and environmental concerns as they surface during patient stay. Unique to this demonstration model is the added advantage of placing the social worker at the hub of the physician-led medical team. Medical students, residents, and attending physicians all learn, observe, and experience the advantages social workers bring to the process. Educating medical students on teams with social workers bodes well for the profession. The authors summarize the program design, results and implications for social work practice in a teaching hospital setting.
Ungerboeck codes do not shape the signal power spectrum (Corresp.) (1986)

Simple sufficient conditions are found for the spectrum of Ungerboeck-coded signals to be equal to the spectrum of uncoded signals. It is shown that a carefully designed Ungerboeck code does not shape the spectrum.
(3-Methyl-3-methoxy-1-butynyl)copper, a useful reagent for the generation of mixed cuprates (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT(3-Methyl-3-methoxy-1-butynyl)copper, a useful reagent for the generation of mixed cupratesE. J. Corey, David Floyd, and Bruce H. LipshutzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 17, 3418–3420Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00411a045RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views616Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (379 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Implementing SIP-based technology for management framework (2008)

As the development of network going on quickly, we are now speedy into the All IP era. However, more and more variety appliances have been proposed which will be in service for Smart Home, Campus Network, and etc. The efficient network management will be very demanding. SNMP, provided by IETF organization, is a standard management protocol which can be easily communicated and managed between different facilities of companies. Unfortunately, due to the great success of IPv4 and the slow deployment of IPv6 for the moment, most of the networks use the NAT skill to get enough IP for network service, which leads the SNMP encounter difficulty. In order to solve this problem, there were nonstandard methods launched one after another, but they always not only reduce the performance of the network, but also spend lots of time on the set-up of network devices. In addition, for the purpose of convenient, simple and fast management, the new skill should manage and search by names, and combine the on-line status presence method. This article advances and implements a new managing framework following the standard principles by adopting the SIMPLE message delivery standard based on SIP to define SNMP packet field, and accomplishing through the management of NAT and device Presence mechanism--to achieve the compatibility of existent SNMP standard.
Achieving simulation-based test program verification and fault simulation capabilities for mixed-signal systems (1995)

A simulation-based methodology for test program verification is presented. Executing test programs on a virtual test system allows simulation of Device Under Test (DUT) behavior. Simulating both device and test hardware and software allows test engineers to check and debug test programs without fabricated devices. It results in a gain of time and permits design and test to occur concurrently. This also yields better overall circuit testability. Our effort concerns development of Automatic Testing Equipment (ATE) model and software interfaces to link the simulator with both design tools and test tools. Further, we propose extending the general fault simulation concept to analog world. Fault models are suggested and tools for fault simulation automation have been developed. They include fault list generation, simulation control and result analysis as well. >
[Disruption of amino acid metabolism in astrocyte and neurological disorders--possible implication of abnormal glia-neuron network in homocystineuria]. (2007)

CBS is a vitamin B6-dependent transsulfuration enzyme needed to synthesize cysteine from methionine, catalyzing the condensation of serine with homocysteine to form cystathionine. A deficiency of CBS causes homocystinuria (MIM 236200), one of the most prevalent inborn errors, characterized by mental retardation, seizures, psychiatric disturbances, skeletal abnormalities and vascular disorders. Patients with CBS deficiency exhibit a major biochemical abnormality, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), a condition associated with highly elevated plasma homocysteine levels. HHcy is recognized as a risk factor for several neurological diseases, such as cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Although the link between CBS deficiency and homocystinuria was first described over 40 years ago and mental retardation was the first clinical feature of the disease to be classified, very little is known about the role of CBS in the CNS. Here we show the regional and cellular distribution of CBS in the adult and developing mouse brain. In the adult mouse brain, CBS was expressed ubiquitously, but most intensely in the cerebellar molecular layer and hippocampal dentate gyrus. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CBS is preferentially expressed in cerebellar Bergmann glia and in astrocytes throughout the brain. At early developmental stages, CBS was expressed in neuroepithelial cells in the ventricular zone, but its expression changed to radial glial cells and then to astrocytes during the late embryonic and neonatal periods. Moreover, CBS was significantly accumulated in reactive astrocytes in the hippocampus after kainic acid-induced seizures, and cerebellar morphological abnormalities were observed in CBS-deficient mice. These results support the role of CBS in the development and maintenance of the CNS, and suggest that radial glia/astrocyte dysfunction might be involved in the complex neuropathological features associated with abnormal homocysteine metabolism.
PLASMA URATE AND SERUM DEOXYCYTIDYLATE DEAMINASE MEASUREMENTS FOR THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PRE‐ECLAMPSIA (1977)

The value of measuring plasma urate and serum deoxycytidylate deaminase (dCMP deaminase) for the early diagnosis of pre-eclampsia has been investigated in 45 patients. A combination of increased blood pressure and increased plasma urate identified 19 patients with a high incidence of fetal and maternal morbidity ascribable to pre-eclampsia. Seventeen of the 19 patients also had an increased serum dCMP deaminase. Serial antenatal observations for a mean period of 104 days (36-179 days) on 33 of the patients demonstrated that plasma urate and serum dCMP deaminase increased together as early changes in the development of pre-eclampsia. In six patients, blood pressure, plasma urate and serum dCMP deaminase all increased but in only one was the rise in blood pressure the first change. Elevations of plasma urate and serum dCMP deaminase are therefore both early features of pre-eclampsia. Serial measurements can give warning of the disorder before the appearance of other clinical features. The change in dCMP deaminase is probably another reflection of early renal involvement in the pre-eclamptic process.
Amorphous silicon carbide films by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2002)

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of amorphous silicon carbide ( alpha -SiC) is studied. PECVD allows deposition of alpha -SiC on a variety of substrates at low temperatures. The index of refraction of the deposited alpha -SiC films was in the range of 1.9 to 2.4 depending on the SiH/sub 4//CH/sub 4/ gas flow ratio and RF power. The deposition rate of alpha -SiC films, averaging 45 AA/min, increased with increasing RF power and pressure, and with decreasing substrate temperature. The quality of the deposited films could be improved by high-temperature annealing. The HF etch rate of the PECVD SiC films in HF is small enough (i.e., 5 AA/s on the average) to enable utilization of these films in surface micromachining processes which use silicon dioxide as a sacrificial layer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SNA Networks of Small Systems (1985)

This paper discusses SNA/LEN, a possible extension of Systems Network Architecture intended to allow peer, dynamic, and easy to use networking functions for a variety of node sizes down to and including the new generation of personal computers. After reviewing the special requirements posed by small systems and the need for including them as equal partners in networks, the LEN architecture is described. This is done by following a sequence of steps that begin when a logical resource at some node that may not yet be part of the connectivity of an existing network requests a session with a remote logical resource of unknown location. After connectivity with the preexisiting network is established, directory services locates the remote object, route selection services determines the preferred path, a session is activated, and deadlock-free flow control assures a useful flow of data. Preliminary quantitative results from an LEN prototype are presented.
Dietary intakes of berries and flavonoids in relation to cognitive decline (2012)

Higher intake of flavonoids, particularly from berries, appears to reduce rates of cognitive decline in older adults.
Effect of additives on mass transfer in turbine aeration (1971)

Abstract Mass transfer coefficients and interfacial areas were determined for the aeration of aqueous solutions in a turbine agitated vessel. The mass transfer coefficients measured for water without additive and for sodium chloride solutions matched very well to measurements in the literature for air bubbles of the same diameter in free rise. Thus the only effect of agitation was to determine the bubble size which then in turn set the coefficient. Two surface active agents were studied: sodium dodecyl sulfate and Dow Corning Antifoam C. The rate of mass transfer increased with the former additive but decreased with the latter; however, the mass transfer coefficient was the exact same function of bubble diameter in both cases and the different rates are attributed to the quite different effects on interfacial area.
Extension of high-density interconnect multichip module technology for MEMS packaging (1997)

In this paper, we describe research into extending the General Electric chip-on-flex (COF) process for packaging microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). COF is a derivative of the high density interconnect (HDI) used for multichip module packaging of microelectronics. COF is a high performance, low cost multichip packaging technology in which die are encased in a molded plastic substrate and interconnects are made via a thin-film structure formed over the components. For MEMS packaging, the standard COF process has been modified to include laser ablating windows in the interconnect overlay to allow access to MEMS. Special purpose surface and bulk micromachining test die were developed and packaged with CMOS electronics using the COF process. The COF/MEMS packaging technology is well-suited for applications in which monolithic integration of MEMS and electronics is not optimal.