gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modern Particle Physics (2013)

Unique in its coverage of all aspects of modern particle physics, this textbook provides a clear connection between the theory and recent experimental results, including the discovery of the Higgs boson at CERN. It provides a comprehensive and self-contained description of the Standard Model of particle physics suitable for upper-level undergraduate students and graduate students studying experimental particle physics. Physical theory is introduced in a straightforward manner with full mathematical derivations throughout. Fully-worked examples enable students to link the mathematical theory to results from modern particle physics experiments. End-of-chapter exercises, graded by difficulty, provide students with a deeper understanding of the subject. Online resources available at www.cambridge.org/MPP feature password-protected fully-worked solutions to problems for instructors, numerical solutions and hints to the problems for students and PowerPoint slides and JPEGs of figures from the book.
Comparisons of three practical field devices used to measure personal light exposures and activity levels (2012)

This paper documents the spectral and spatial performance characteristics of two new versions of the Daysimeter, devices developed and calibrated by the Lighting Research Center to measure and record personal circadian light exposure and activity levels, and compares them to those of the Actiwatch Spectrum (Philips Healthcare). Photometric errors from the Daysimeters and the Actiwatch Spectrum were also determined for various types of light sources. The Daysimeters had better photometric performance than the Actiwatch Spectrum. To assess differences associated with measuring light and activity levels at different locations on the body, older adults wore four Daysimeters and an Actiwatch Spectrum for five consecutive days. Wearing the Daysimeter or Actiwatch Spectrum on the wrist compromises accurate light measurements relative to locating a calibrated photosensor at the plane of the cornea.
High-performance, reduced-temperature SOFC technology (1999)

Small, low-cost, lightweight solid oxide fuel cells have been developed at AlliedSignal Aerospace that offer improved performance at reduced temperatures. Stacks constructed using these developments have achieved excellent power densities.
Muscle interstitial glucose and lactate levels during dynamic exercise in humans determined by microdialysis (1999)

The purpose of the present study was to use the microdialysis technique to determine skeletal muscle interstitial glucose and lactate concentrations during dynamic incremental exercise in humans. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the vastus lateralis muscle, and subjects performed knee extensor exercise at workloads of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 W. The in vivo probe recoveries determined at rest by the internal reference method for glucose and lactate were 28.7 +/- 2.5 and 32.0 +/- 2.7%, respectively. As exercise intensity increased, probe recovery also increased, and at the highest workload probe recovery for glucose (61.0 +/- 3.9%) and lactate (66. 3 +/- 3.6%) had more than doubled. At rest the interstitial glucose concentration (3.5 +/- 0.2 mM) was lower than both the arterial (5.6 +/- 0.2 mM) and venous (5.3 +/- 0.3 mM) plasma water glucose levels. The interstitial glucose levels remained lower (P < 0.05) than the arterial and venous plasma water glucose concentrations during exercise at all intensities and at 10, 20, 30, and 50 W, respectively. At rest the interstitial lactate concentration (2.5 +/- 0.2 mM) was higher (P < 0.05) than both the arterial (0.9 +/- 0. 2 mM) and venous (1.1 +/- 0.2 mM) plasma water lactate levels. This relationship was maintained (P < 0.05) during exercise at workloads of 10, 20, and 30 W. These data suggest that interstitial glucose delivery at rest is flow limited and that during exercise changes in the interstitial concentrations of glucose and lactate mirror the changes observed in the venous plasma water compartments. Furthermore, skeletal muscle contraction results in an increase in the diffusion coefficient of glucose and lactate within the interstitial space as reflected by an elevation in probe recovery during exercise.
Customizable process specification and enactment for technical and non-technical users (1994)

This dissertation presents a perspective within the process programming paradigm in which the human team member, rather than the hardware CPU, is considered the processor responsible for executing the process program. The dissertation compares the requirements on traditional programming languages with those for process programming languages designed to specify processes primarily executed by humans. This results in the identification of five critical issues for process programming languages: supporting specification of human-executed operations, providing support for both human resources and non-human resources (e.g., budgets, computers, meeting rooms), allowing development of corporate- and project-specific customizations, providing accessibility for both technical and non-technical users, and support for dynamic change. The dissertation presents a set of solutions to meet the identified requirements.
A new object model is developed which supports technical and non-technical users. This object model, called the category object model, allows a technical user to define sets of corporate- or project-specific abstractions for later use by a non-technical process programmer. The category model hides implementation details from the non-technical user. The model can be used to define new activity types, new resource types (including non-human resources), and new artifact types.
A new network model, called activity networks, is defined. This formalism allows users to define the control flow between activities, the data flow between activities and between a parent activity and its subactivities, and the resource assignment relationships between a parent activity and its subactivities. Activity networks are designed for use by non-technical process specifiers.
In addition, the dissertation proposes the use of hypermedia links as a navigational model for process programming systems. The dissertation also shows how annotations on process programs can provide access to computer-supported cooperative work systems in a process context based manner.
The dissertation presents a number of validation activities including development of an executing language based on the models, use of the category model in a variety of typical usage scenarios, use of activity networks to specify processes at IBM Federal Systems Company, and presentation of a user interface mockup to managers, software engineers, and researchers.
Mannan binding lectin in rheumatoid arthritis. A longitudinal study. (1998)

MBL insufficiency may be a contributing pathogenetic factor in RA.
Guiding of intense laser pulses in plasma waveguides from clustered gases (2004)

Self-focusing in clustered media is utilized to generate end-pumped, preformed plasma waveguides for guiding intense laser pulses. The waveguides are studied using end-mode imaging and transverse interferometry. Propagation of high-intensity femtosecond laser pulses is demonstrated.
Alias-Free Digital Synthesis of Classic Analog Waveforms (1996)

Techniques are reviewed and presented for alias-free digital synthesis of classical analog synthesizer waveforms such as pulse train and sawtooth waves. Techniquesdescribed include summation of bandlimited primitive waveforms as well as table-lookup techniques. Bandlimited pulse and triangle waveforms are obtained by integrating the difference of two out-of-phase bandlimited impulse trains. Bandlimited impulse trains are generated as a superposition of windowed sinc functions. Methods for more general bandlimited waveform synthesis are also reviewed. Methods are evaluated from the perspectives of sound quality, computational economy, and ease of control. 1 Introduction Any analog signal with a discontinuity in the waveform (such as pulse train or sawtooth) or in the waveform slope (such as triangle wave) must be bandlimited to less than half the sampling rate before sampling to obtain a corresponding discrete-time signal. Simple methods of generating these waveforms digitally contain...
WOM codes against inter-cell interference in NAND memories (2011)

Flash memories, especially NAND flash memories, are prevalent in the memory market due to their outstanding features such as high density and so on. However, the problems coming with the density are the parasitic effects, of which the cell-to-cell interference is the dominant one. Besides interference, another challenge for NAND flash memories is its limited life time. Actually, flash memories can be regarded as "write-once memories (WOM)", where cells can be changed from lower states to higher states, not vice versa. In this paper, we study WOM codes against cell-to-cell interference. We derive bounds of the rewriting capacity of WOM codes based on the new WOM codes, Delta-WOM, and constrained codes. We also explore efficient WOM code constructions: one construction is based on our Diamond-WOM codes construction, which can be proven to approach its known rewriting capacity; the other one is based on constrained codes.
3-D effect of cell designs on the breakdown voltage of power SOI-LDMOS (2002)

Summary form only given. Dielectric isolation technology using Silicon on Insulator (SOI) substrates has attracted much attention in smart power ICs because of inherently superior isolation. In integrating power devices with control electronics on the same chip as smart power ICs, it is desirable to minimize the area of power device region while maximizing the performances (i.e., high breakdown voltage and low on-resistance), since the area of power device region mainly determines the total chip size and hence the cost. Recent publications have shown that lateral SOI power devices can achieve high breakdown voltage by optimizing the two dimensional (2-D) device parameters in accordance with the RESURF principle. However, in practice, it is also necessary to optimize the three dimensional (3-D) device parameters in order to support a given breakdown voltage within the smallest area. In this paper, we report the effect of 3-D parameters such as the curvatures of the drain and source regions, on the breakdown voltages of lateral DMOSFET (LDMOS) in SOI substrates based on experimental results and numerical simulations using cylindrical coordinates with the device simulator MEDICI.
Track 1 컴퓨터교육 : 프로그래밍 태도에 대한 연구 (2014)

현대와 미래 사회에서 중요한 역할을 담당하게 될 컴퓨팅 능력 중 프로그래밍 능력이 있다. 프로그래밍교육을 통해 프로그래밍 능력을 향상시키는 동시에 사회적으로 소프트웨어 개발을 위한 프로그래밍 교육의 필요성을 객관적으로 판단하기 위한 지표로 프로그래밍에 대한 태도를 측정할 필요성이 있다. 태도는 어떠한 주제에 대하여 개인이 가지는 긍정적이거나 부정적인 인식, 감정, 행동 여부 등을 말하는데, 프로그래밍태도는 프로그래밍이라는 주제에 대하여 개개인이 가지는 이러한 인지적이고 정서적인 생각을 말한다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 컴퓨터 태도와 다른 영역에서 나타난 태도에 관한 문헌연구를 통해 프로그래밍 태도에 대한 조작적인 정의를 내리고, 이를 측정하기 위한 측정 문항의 범위를 결정하였다.
Digital intermediate frequency demodulation technique for cellular communication systems (2002)

A novel modulation scheme suitable for digital cellular communication systems is proposed. This scheme first converts the IF (intermediate frequency) signal to a logic level; phase detection is then performed entirely by digital operations. Since analog components such as an I/Q detector and A/D (analog/digital) converters are eliminated with this scheme, a low power consuming and adjustment free receiver can be realized. An application to pi /4-shifted QPSK (quadrature phase-shift keying) demodulation is considered. An experimental receiver for pi /4-shifted QPSK has been built to evaluate its performance. The results show a bit error rate of 1*10/sup -2/ at 12-dB Eb/N/sub 0/ with postdetection diversity under fast fading environments. The results are quite satisfactory, showing good potential for future digital cellular communication applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Slow asymptotic convergence of LMS acoustic echo cancelers (1995)

In most acoustic echo canceler (AEC) applications, an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter is employed with coefficients that are computed using the LMS algorithm. The paper establishes a theoretical basis for the slow asymptotic convergence that is often noted in practice for such applications. The analytical approach expresses the mean-square error trajectory in terms of eigenmodes and then applies the asymptotic theory of Toeplitz matrices to obtain a solution that is based on a general characterization of the actual room impulse response. The method leads to good approximations even for a moderate number of taps (N>16) and applies to both full-band and subband designs. Explicit mathematical expressions of the mean-square error convergence are derived for bandlimited white noise, a first-order Markov process, and, more generally, pth-order rational spectra and a direct power-law model, which relates to lowpass FIR filters. These expressions show that the asymptotic convergence is generally slow, being at best of order 1/t for bandlimited white noise. It is argued that input filter design cannot do much to improve slow convergence. However, the theory suggests postfiltering as a remedy that would be useful for the full-band LMS AEC and may also be applicable to subband designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Coblation tonsillectomy: a prospective, double-blind, randomised, clinical and histopathological comparison with dissection–ligation, monopolar electrocautery and laser tonsillectomies (2007)

In adult patients, coblation tonsillectomy offers some significant advantages in terms of post-operative pain and healing, compared with other tonsillectomy techniques.
The N-Terminal Membrane Domain of Yeast NADPH-Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Oxidoreductase Is Not Required for Catalytic Activity in Sterol Biosynthesis or in Reconstitution of CYP Activity (1998)

The disruption of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NADPH- cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) gene resulted in a viable strain accumulating approximately 25% of the ergosterol observed in a sterol wild-type parent. The associated phenotypes could be reversed in transformants after expression of native CPR and a mutant lacking the N-terminal 33 amino acids, which localized in the cytosol. This indicated availability of the CPR in each case to function with the monooxygenases squalene epoxidase, CYP51, and CYP61 in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. Purification of the cytosolic mutant CPR indicated properties identical to native CPR and an ability to reconstitute ergosterol biosynthesis when added to a cell-free system, as well as to allow reconstitution of activity with purified CYP61, sterol 22-desaturase. This was also observed for purified Candida albicans and human CYP51 in reconstituted systems. The ability of the yeast enzyme to function in a soluble form differed from human CPR, which is shown to be inactive in reconstituting CYP activity.
Effect of Surface Roughness on Magnetic Properties of Films (1963)

The conditions of the surface have been found to have a profound influence on the magnetic properties of thin Permalloy films. Quantitative measurements of the surface area were determined by adsorption of a C14-labeled surfactant. Static hysteresis curves, torque curves, and ferromagnetic resonance spectra have been measured and related to surface roughness. ``Biaxial Anisotropy'' has been observed for films deposited on unidirectionally scratched substrates. The linewidth of the uniform precessional mode with the magnetic field applied parallel to the plane of the film is increased with increasing surface roughness.
Fast carrier frequency offset compensation in OFDM systems (2001)

A new coarse carrier frequency synchronization algorithm is proposed that can estimate a coarse carrier frequency offset using only two symbols in the frequency domain for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The problem of conventional carrier frequency synchronization algorithms is that they require many symbols to compensate for a carrier frequency offset when the offset is close to +0.5 or -0.5, where the frequency is normalized to the subcarrier space. In contrast, the proposed algorithm estimates a coarse carrier frequency offset of around +0.5 or -0.5, thereby reducing the remaining carrier frequency offset to within -0.25/spl sim/+0.25. As a result, the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the time required to synchronize a carrier frequency.
Ondansetron Exhibits the Properties of a Local Anesthetic (1997)

Ondansetron is a drug used to prevent vomiting, especially in cancer patients after chemotherapy. We found that it also causes numbness when injected under the skin. This new action may contribute to its role in "calming the stomach." We studied the effect of ondansetron on the isolated brain cells of live rats.
APE2 is required for ATR-Chk1 checkpoint activation in response to oxidative stress (2013)

The base excision repair pathway is largely responsible for the repair of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. However, it remains unclear how the DNA damage checkpoint is activated by oxidative stress at the molecular level. Here, we provide evidence showing that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) triggers checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) phosphorylation in an ATR [ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and Rad3-related]-dependent but ATM-independent manner in Xenopus egg extracts. A base excision repair protein, Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease 2 (APE2, APN2, or APEX2), is required for the generation of replication protein A (RPA)-bound single-stranded DNA, the recruitment of a checkpoint protein complex [ATR, ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP), and Rad9] to damage sites, and H2O2-induced Chk1 phosphorylation. A conserved proliferating cell nuclear antigen interaction protein box of APE2 is important for the recruitment of APE2 to H2O2-damaged chromatin. APE2 3'-phosphodiesterase and 3'-5' exonuclease activity is essential for single-stranded DNA generation in the 3'-5' direction from single-stranded breaks, referred to as single-stranded break end resection. In addition, APE2 associates with Chk1, and a serine residue (S86) in the Chk1-binding motif of APE2 is essential for Chk1 phosphorylation, indicating a Claspin-like but distinct role for APE2 in ATR-Chk1 signaling. Our data indicate that APE2 plays a vital and previously unexpected role in ATR-Chk1 checkpoint signaling in response to oxidative stress. Thus, our findings shed light on a distinct mechanism of how an ATR-Chk1-dependent DNA damage checkpoint is mediated by APE2 in the oxidative stress response.
Metal clusters in plasma polymerized matrices: Gold (1984)

This paper describes how plasma processes can control the metal content, metal cluster dispersion, and metal cluster crystallography embedded in dielectric fluorocarbon film matrices. We will show that the metal volume fraction can be controlled over a wide range by superimposing varying degrees of physical sputtering onto the chemical plasma etching/polymerization process which inevitably takes place simultaneously in certain halocarbon plasmas using a capacitively coupled rf diode discharge system. The critical metal volume fraction Vc at which the metal cluster containing polymer suddenly becomes conducting is 0.4. Evidence is given to show that the crystallographic features of the Au clusters (particle size, nonuniform strain, unit cell dimensions) have quite a different functional behavior vis-a-vis the overall film conductivity at different metal volume fractions depending on the deposition temperature in the range −15 to 60 °C. Furthermore, crystallographic features of the clusters are independent of the metal volume fraction in the film but depend on surface migration during film growth in the Teflon-like matrix.
Randomized phase II study of FOLFOX +/- MET inhibitor, onartuzumab (O), in advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEC). (2015)

2 Background: Aberrant up-regulation of the MET/HGF pathway is associated with poor prognosis in multiple malignancies, including GEC. Onartuzumab (O) is a fully humanized, monovalent anti-MET antibody that inhibits HGF binding and receptor activation. We examined the efficacy and safety of mFOLFOX6 and O in the first-line setting for metastatic, HER2-negative GEC. Methods: This was a double-blind, placebo controlled phase II study in which patients were randomized 1:1 to mFOLFOX6 + O 10 mg/kg. Eligibility included no prior treatment for metastatic disease, age >18, ECOG 0-1, retained organ function, HER2-negative, and evaluable disease. The primary objectives were to detect a meaningful improvement in progression free survival (PFS) in the ITT population or the MET-positive (≥ 50% of tumor with moderate-strong intensity staining by IHC based on central review) subgroup. With 120 patients enrolled and 84 PFS events observed, the target HR was 0.7 in the ITT population, and 0.6 in the MET-positive subgroup (estimated 50% of total). Results: 123 patients (83 Asia/Pacific, 40 US) from 25 sites were from 7/2012-5/2013. The treatment arms were well balanced: median age (57 placebo (P), 58.5 O), male (n=36 (59%) P, n=40 (65%) O), and MET-positive (n=19 (33%) P, n=16 (28%) O). Serious adverse events were more frequent with O (55%) vs placebo (40%). Selected grade 3-5 adverse events observed at least 5% more commonly with O included neutropenia (58% vs 45%), thrombocytopenia (10% vs 3%), peripheral edema (10% vs 0), and pulmonary embolism (7% vs 2%). At data cutoff (29 Jan 2014), 96 patients had PFS events (n=46 (74%) O, n=50 (82%) P), with median PFS of 6.77 and 6.97 months, respectively (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.71-1.63). In the MET-positive subgroup, median PFS was 5.95 months for O and 6.8 months for placebo (HR 1.38 [0.60-3.20]). No difference in efficacy was noted with alternate MET-positive definitions (50% vs 90% MET staining, and 1, 2, or 3+ intensity). Conclusions: The addition of O to mFOLFOX6 in metastatic GEC did not improve PFS in either an unselected population or in MET-positive patients as defined by IHC. Additional biomarker analyses are ongoing to identify patients that may benefit from MET inhibition. Clinical trial information: NCT01662869.
The Database of Quantitative Cellular Signaling:management and analysis of chemical kinetic models of signalingnetworks (2003)

The Database of Quantitative Cellular Signaling is available at http://doqcs.ncbs.res.in. Links to the signaling model simulator, GENESIS/Kinetikit are at http://www.ncbs.res.in/~bhalla/kkit/index.html and are also provided from within the database. The database source code is available under the GNU Public License.
CK2 in Cancer: Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Target (2017)

CK2 genes are overexpressed in many human cancers, and most often overexpression is associated with worse prognosis. Site-specific expression in mice leads to cancer development (e.g., breast, lymphoma) indicating the oncogenic nature of CK2. CK2 is involved in many key aspects of cancer including inhibition of apoptosis, modulation of signaling pathways, DNA damage response, and cell cycle regulation. A number of CK2 inhibitors are now available and have been shown to have activity against various cancers in vitro and in pre-clinical models. Some of these inhibitors are now undergoing exploration in clinical trials as well. In this review, we will examine some of the major cancers in which CK2 inhibition has promise based on in vitro and pre-clinical studies, the proposed cellular and signaling mechanisms of anti-cancer activity by CK2 inhibitors, and the current or recent clinical trials using CK2 inhibitors.