gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of predicated array data-flow analysis for automatic parallelization (1999)

This paper presents an evaluation of a new analysis for parallelizing compilers called predicated array data-flow analysis. This analysis extends array data-flow analysis for parallelization and privatization to associate predicates with data-flow values. These predicates can be used to derive conditions under which dependences can be eliminated or privatization is possible. These conditions can be used both to enhance compile-time analysis and to introduce run-time tests that guard safe execution of a parallelized version of a computation.As compared to previous work that combines predicates with array data-flow analysis, our approach is distinguished by two features: (1) it derives low-cost, run-time parallelization tests; and, (2) it incorporates predicate embedding and predicate extraction, which translate between the domain of predicates and data-flow values to derive more precise analysis results. We present extensive experimental results across three benchmark suites and one additional program, demonstrating that predicated array data-flow analysis parallelizes more than 40% of the remaining inherently parallel loops left unparallelized by the SUIF compiler and that it yields improved speedups for 5 programs.
Computing n-gram statistics in MapReduce (2013)

Statistics about n-grams (i.e., sequences of contiguous words or other tokens in text documents or other string data) are an important building block in information retrieval and natural language processing. In this work, we study how n-gram statistics, optionally restricted by a maximum n-gram length and minimum collection frequency, can be computed efficiently harnessing MapReduce for distributed data processing. We describe different algorithms, ranging from an extension of word counting, via methods based on the Apriori principle, to a novel method Suffix-σ that relies on sorting and aggregating suffixes. We examine possible extensions of our method to support the notions of maximality/closedness and to perform aggregations beyond occurrence counting. Assuming Hadoop as a concrete Map-Reduce implementation, we provide insights on an efficient implementation of the methods. Extensive experiments on The New York Times Annotated Corpus and ClueWeb09 expose the relative benefits and trade-offs of the methods.
A Framework Based on MVC of Document Processing (2009)

To avoid the problems of high complexity and low flexibility in document processing softwares, especially office softwares, Model-view-controller (MVC) framework is introduced into document processing to divide model, view and controller, which can improve the software's reusability and flexibility, and reduce the software's relativity to platform. A framework based on MVC is proposed to process documents by making use of XForms technology. In the framework, to reduce the software's complexity and improve its flexibility further, a document is decomposed to some edited objects and every object is processed by XForms technology separately. At last, the whole document is obtained by integrating the results of all edited objects in the document. A prototype system is implemented to illustrate the proposed framework and process, in which word processing documents are edited and displayed on Web.
Techniques for improving the performance of sparse matrix factorization on multiprocessor workstations (2002)

The problem of factoring large sparse systems of equations on high-performance multiprocessor workstations is investigated. A parallel factorization code is described which utilizes the supernodal structure of the matrix to substantially reduce the number of memory references. The authors also propose enhancements that significantly reduce the overall cache miss rate, resulting in greatly increased factorization performance. Experimental results from executions on the Silicon Graphics 4D/380 multiprocessor are presented. Using eight processors, the parallel supernodal code achieves a computation rate of approximately 40 MFLOPS when factoring a range of benchmark matrices. This is more than twice as fast as previously used parallel nodal approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Near-infrared probes based on fluorinated Si-rhodamine for live cell imaging (2017)

Si-rhodamine probe with a trifluoromethyl group on the 2-position of the pendant phenyl ring retains high brightness and excellent stability in a harsh physiological environment.
BeepBeep (2012)

We present the design and implementation of BeepBeep, a high-accuracy acoustic-based system for ranging and localization. It is a pure software-based solution and uses the most basic set of commodity hardware -- a speaker, a microphone, and some form of interdevice communication. The ranging scheme works without any infrastructure and is applicable to sensor platforms and commercial-off-the-shelf mobile devices. It achieves high accuracy through three techniques: two-way sensing , self-recording , and sample counting . We further devise a scalable and fast localization scheme. Our experiments show that up to one-centimeter ranging accuracy and three-centimeter localization accuracy can be achieved.
Crystal structure of the quorum-sensing protein LuxS reveals a catalytic metal site (2001)

The ability of bacteria to regulate gene expression in response to changes in cell density is termed quorum sensing. This behavior involves the synthesis and recognition of extracellular, hormone-like compounds known as autoinducers. Here we report the structure of an autoinducer synthase, LuxS from Bacillus subtilis, at 1.6-A resolution (R(free) = 0.204; R(work) = 0.174). LuxS is a homodimeric enzyme with a novel fold that incorporates two identical tetrahedral metal-binding sites. This metal center is composed of a Zn(2+) atom coordinated by two histidines, a cysteine, and a solvent molecule, and is reminiscent of active sites found in several peptidases and amidases. Although the nature of the autoinducer synthesized by LuxS cannot be deduced from the crystal structure, features of the putative active site suggest that LuxS might catalyze hydrolytic, but not proteolytic, cleavage of a small substrate. Our analysis represents a test of structure-based functional assignment.
Studies on the carotid body and the carotid sinus. Effects on the heart by electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus wall. (1972)

Previously, the fine structure of the carotid body, the experimental sclerosis of the carotid sinus wall, circulatory effects of carotid occlusion and adrenergic blocking agents effects for the carotid baroreceptor, were studied in this clinic. This time, circulatory changes due to carotid sinus reflex by electrical stimulation (square wave; 8v., 20-50cps) of the carotid sinus wall in situ canine carotid artery were investigated(1) Systolic arterial blood pressure was lowered by 33.7mm.Hg from average 143mm.Hg. Diastolic arterial pressure was decreased by 21.0mm.Hg from the level of 74.8mm.Hg. P-value was less than 0.001. Coronary blood flow was also decreased 5.5ml./min. from average mean flow 30.4ml./min. (P less than 0.001). Coronary resistance was decreased 0.27mm.Hg/ml./min. from average 3.22mm.Hg/ml./min. (P less than 0.001). Cardiac output was decreased insignificantly. Left intracardiac pressure was reduced by 8.9mm.Hg (P less than 0.01). Its max dp/dt was decreased (P less than 0.01). The dp/dt/IIT was reduced by 0.06 (per cent change, 18.18%) from average 0.33. The change of the left ventricular tension measured by the straingauge arch was insignificant. The R-R and P-R intervals were slightly prolonged in the second lead of the electrocardiogram (P less than 0.001). The myocardial oxygen consumption was altered to decrease. Arterial blood catecholamine was apt to decrease.(2) After the administration of propranolol (0.2mg./Kg.), carotid sinus reflex by the electrical stimulation did not cause the changes of intracardiac pressure and max dp/dt but those of arterial blood pressure and coronary blood flow. Cervical vagotomy inhibited these changes.(3) It should be noted here that these decreases of cardiac work, myocardial oxygen requirement and diastolic coronary resistance are effective for the angina pectoris through the adrenergic and the cholinergic nerves with catecholamine change.
High von Willebrand Factor Levels Increase the Risk of First Ischemic Stroke (2006)

vWF antigen and activity are associated with the occurrence of acute ischemic stroke. This relation is unaffected by the severity of the acute-phase response or by genetic variation or degradation.
Practical Requirements for Sand Production Implementation in Heavy Oil Applications (1995)

Abstract Cold production as a new primary production process can be used successfully in heavy oil unconsolidated sandstones. Ideal reservoirs are 5–15 m thick uncemented sands with high saturations of &lt;20°API oils with gas in solution without free water or gas zones. However, application of Cold Production to many other cases in other parts of the world imust be investigated. Strategies to initiate sand production involve aggresive perforation and swabbing measures. Keeping sand production stable after initiation requires pumps to cope with large initial sand ratios in a foamy oil form for several weeks, and smaller amounts of sand and foamy fluid continuously for many months. Restoring stable sand production after blockage is currently an "art", and various workover methods are used: better controlled work-over approaches and new technologies are needed. Sand and "gorp" separation from oil at surface is necessary, economic and environmentally sound disposal of these materials probably involves re-injection into depleted reservoirs.
Structure, Activation, and Biology of Calpain (2004)

Variation in the calpain 10 gene has recently been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes by positional cloning. Since then, studies on calpain 10 have been started in correlation with diabetes and insulin-mediated signaling. In this review, the activation mechanism of calpain by calcium ions, which is essential to understand its physiological functions, is discussed on the basis of recent X-ray structural analyses. Further, special features of the structure of calpain 10 that differ from those of typical micro - or m-calpain used in most studies are summarized together with discussion of the physiological function of calpain with respect to type 2 diabetes.
A Hybrid DVS Scheme for Interactive 3D Games (2008)

Interactive 3D games are now widely available on a variety of mobile devices for which battery-life is a major concern. Many of these devices support voltage/frequency-scalable processors and dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) has emerged as a powerful technique for energy management in such devices. Although DVS algorithms have been very successfully applied to video encoding/decoding applications, their use in interactive computer games has not been sufficiently explored so far. In this paper we propose a novel DVS scheme that is specifically directed towards interactive 3D game applications running on battery-operated portable devices. The key to this DVS scheme lies in an accurate prediction of the rendering workload of a current game scene. We have applied this scheme to first person shooter games (e.g. Quake II) and obtained significant power savings while maintaining high frame rates. Based on the observation that there exist two types of workload variations in such games, we compute the voltage/frequency setting for any game scene using a hybrid combination of two different techniques: (i) adjusting the workload prediction using a control-theoretical feedback mechanism, and (ii) analyzing the graphical objects in the current game scene by parsing the corresponding frame. Our scheme is significantly different from those commonly applied to video decoding applications (where only technique (i) is used) and has shown very encouraging results when evaluated with different setups (e.g. laptop running Windows, PDA running Windows Mobile and a configurable simulation platform).
Active Opening Force and Passive Contact Force Electrostatic Switches for Soft Metal Contact Materials (2006)

This paper reports on a mechanically bi-stable, electrostatically actuated switch mechanism with a large active opening force and a small passive closing force, designed to fit the contact and opening force requirements of soft contact materials such as gold. So far, most microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switch designs have been optimized for a large contact force without paying too much attention to the opening force. In the "conventional," most commonly used electrostatic microswitch concept, the force of the actuator is used to close the switch contacts, and the switch is opened by the passive restoring force of the deflected cantilever or membrane. This concept results in a large contact force, but the opening force is typically too small to overcome the contact adhesion force of soft metals, which makes this concept less suitable for contact materials such as gold with its low contact resistance at low contact forces. The switch concept presented in this paper is based on two cantilevers laterally moving by curved electrode actuators. The tips of the cantilevers are endowed with hooks which can be mechanically interlocked. In the latched state, the spring forces of the deflected cantilevers also act as the passive contact force between the switch contacts. The opening force is actively created by the curved-electrode actuators, which are utilized close to their best electromechanical operating point resulting in a maximum contact separation force. The theoretical discussion of the new concept as compared to conventional switch designs is supported by simulation results, measurements on fabricated devices, and by an analysis of exemplary switches published in the literature
Mucous solids and liquid secretion by airways: studies with normal pig, cystic fibrosis human, and non-cystic fibrosis human bronchi (2011)

To better understand how airways produce thick airway mucus, nonvolatile solids were measured in liquid secreted by bronchi from normal pig, cystic fibrosis (CF) human, and non-CF human lungs. Bronchi were exposed to various secretagogues and anion secretion inhibitors to induce a range of liquid volume secretion rates. In all three groups, the relationship of solids concentration (percent nonvolatile solids) to liquid volume secretion rate was curvilinear, with higher solids concentration associated with lower rates of liquid volume secretion. In contrast, the secretion rates of solids mass and water mass as functions of liquid volume secretion rates exhibited positive linear correlations. The y-intercepts of the solids mass-liquid volume secretion relationships for all three groups were positive, thus accounting for the higher solids concentrations in airway liquid at low rates of secretion. Predictive models derived from the solids mass and water mass linear equations fit the experimental percent solids data for the three groups. The ratio of solids mass secretion to liquid volume secretion was 5.2 and 2.4 times higher for CF bronchi than for pig and non-CF bronchi, respectively. These results indicate that normal pig, non-CF human, and CF human bronchi produce a high-percent-solids mucus (>8%) at low rates of liquid volume secretion (≤1.0 μl·cm(-2)·h(-1)). However, CF bronchi produce mucus with twice the percent solids (~8%) of pig or non-CF human bronchi at liquid volume secretion rates ≥4.0 μl·cm(-2)·h(-1).
A New Tempered Stable Distribution and Its Application to Finance (2008)

In this paper, we will discuss a parametric approach to risk-neutral density extraction from option prices based on the knowledge of the estimated historical density. A flexible distribution is needed in order to find an equivalent change of measure and, at the same time, take into account the historical estimates. To this end, we introduce a new tempered stable distribution that we refer to as the KR distribution. Some properties of this distribution will be discussed in this paper, along with the advantages in applying it to financial modeling. Since the KR distribution is infinitely divisible, a Lélvy process can be induced from it. Furthermore, we can develop an exponential Lévy model, called the exponential KR model, and prove that it is an extension of the Carr, Geman, Madan, and Yor (CGMY) model. The risk-neutral process is fitted by matching model prices to market prices of options using nonlinear least squares. The easy form of the characteristic function of the KR distribution allows one to obtain a suitable solution to the calibration problem. To demonstrate the advantages of the exponential KR model, we present the results of the parameter estimation for the S&P 500 Index and option prices.
Susceptibility Test Methods: Dilution and Disk Diffusion Methods (2015)

This chapter describes reference dilution (MIC) and disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility test methods for nonfastidious, aerobic bacteria. It describes CLSI (United States) and EUcst (European) reference methods and standardized disk diffusion methods. The procedure for performing each test type is described as well as quality control procedures. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. Finally, the most current interpretive breakpoint criteria for MIC and disk tests from the CLSI are listed.
High bandwidth current sensing of SiC MOSFET with a Si current mirror (2016)

SiC Intelligent Power Module (IPM) with high bandwidth integrated current sensors is a future trend to improve the device protection capability and chip utilization. In this work, an integrated current sensing scheme for Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFET power module using a Si MOSFET current mirror is proposed, analyzed and tested. The use of Si MOSFET not only lowers the overall cost, but compensates the temperature variation as well. The influence of device mismatching on sensing accuracy are discussed. Optimal selection and trade-off of sensing resistor value are calculated. Discrete device circuit and conceptual DBC-based module are tested to verify the scheme's feasibility and performance. The results show good steady state accuracy and high bandwidth performance.
Effect of water-soluble coenzyme Q10 on noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs (2008)

We observed that the ABR threshold shift was significantly less in the coenzyme Q10 group than in the vehicle control group. In addition, the percentage of missing outer hair cells was lower in the coenzyme Q10 group than in the control group. Moreover, 2 days after administration of coenzyme Q10, increased antioxidative activity in the cochlea, as measured by analysis of hydroxy radical scavenging activity by electron spin resonance was observed.
How to Reduce Errors of Distance Fault Locating Algorithms (1981)

Distance fault locating digital algorithms are often based on the processing of fundamental components which are contained in the currents and Voltages. If the extraction of these components is done by means of correlating the signals with sine/cosine functions of the fundamental frequency, and the data window is shorter then one period, the presence of a periodic components in the signals gives rise to large errors. The paper suggests, that to reduce the errors the signals ought to be correlated with sine/cosine functions which have periods equal to the data window length.
광고효과 위계모형에 기초한 모바일 웹 배너광고 선호도 분석: 시각적 표현요소 중심으로 (2014)

스마트폰 출시 경쟁에 따른 가격 인하, 데이터 요금제의 다양성, 기술적 개선 등으로 새로운 디지털미디어 수용에 대한 편의성이 함께 증가하면서 사용자 규모 증가를 촉진하고 있다. 광고효과 위계모형에 기초한 요인을 분석하여 모바일 웹 선호도를 확인하고자 한다. 연구대상자는 G광역시에 소재한 G대학교 디자인계열 학과생과 관련업계 종사자를 임의선정하고 편의표집한 120명으로 하였다. 조사기간은 2013년 10월 28일부터 2013년 11월 1일가지 총 5일간 진행하였으며 연구자가 연구의 목적을 설명하고 동의를 얻은 후, 구조화된 자기기입식 설문지를 이용하여 조사 하였다. 래비지와 스타이너(1961)의 광고효과 위계모형과 선행연구를 토대로 인지적 과정(주목도), 감성적 과정(호의도), 행동적 과정(참여도)의 3단계 과정을 바탕으로 총 3가지 항목으로 나누어 ``모바일 웹 쇼핑몰배너광고 시각 표현요소에 따라 선호도차이가 있다.``라는 연구문제 및 가설에 의하여 광고효과를 검증하였다. 선호도 연구결과를 통하여 모바일 웹 배너광고의 주목도에 비하여 호의도와 참여도는 비교적 낮은 반응을 보임을 알 수 있었으며, 사용자 선호도만을 고려했을 때 노이즈마케팅과 같은 단기적인 소비자 호기심을 자극하는 광고보다 정보 또는 이벤트성을 띄었을 때 사용자가 선호함을 확인할 수 있었다. 앞으로 나아가기 위하여 재미와 즐거움을 유발하거나, 광고의 내용을 공유하는 등 동기부여 할 수 있는 방안이 연구된다면 모바일웹 디자인의 방향 모색에 도움이 되리라 생각한다.
A-MPDU using fragmented MPDUs for IEEE 802.11ac MU-MIMO WLANs (2013)

In this paper, we propose an Aggregated Medium Access Control Protocol Data Unit (A-MPDU) using fragmented MPDUs with a Very High Throughput (VHT) Compressed Block Ack mechanism for use in IEEE 802.11ac Multi-User Multi-Input Multi-Output (MU-MIMO) Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). By allowing the use of fragmentation with the A-MPDU, the waste of medium resources in terms of meaningless A-MPDU pads can be eliminated. Using our proposed method, a fragmented MPDU-instead of A-MPDU pads-can be added to fill the length of A-MPDU boundary in Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) sharing mode, enhancing multi-user throughput owing to the increased number of frames that can be transmitted within the A-MPDU boundaries. To acknowledge the fragmented MPDUs in the A-MPDU frame, the VHT Compressed Block Ack mechanism is also newly defined. Simulation results show that the proposed method improves multi-user throughput, over 28% at low data rates and by up to 3% at high data rates.
The synthesis of novel polycyclic heterocyclic ring systems <i>via</i> photocyclization. <b>1</b>. Thieno[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐<i>c</i>]quinoline and thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐<i>c</i>]quinoline (1988)

Abstract The synthesis of two previously unknown heterocyclic ring systems, namely, thieno[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐ c ]‐quinoline and thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐ c ]quinoline is reported. These two novel ring systems were assembled by photocyclization of the appropriate anilides.
Performance estimation in a simultaneous multithreading processor (2002)

We present a model to estimate the performance of dynamically interleaving instruction streams in super-scalar architectures. Instructions executed per cycle (IPC) are calculated from simple descriptions of the workload and hardware. We compare estimates for several programs against results from a simulator.
Airborne Precision Spacing: A Trajectory-Based Aprroach to Improve Terminal Area Operations (2006)

Airborne precision spacing has been developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) over the past seven years as an attempt to benefit from the capabilities of the flight deck to precisely space their aircraft relative to another aircraft. This development has leveraged decades of work on improving terminal area operations, especially the arrival phase. With APS operations, the air traffic controller instructs the participating aircraft to achieve an assigned inter-arrival spacing interval at the runway threshold, relative to another aircraft. The flight crew then uses airborne automation to manage the aircraft's speed to achieve the goal. The spacing tool is designed to keep the speed within acceptable operational limits, promote system-wide stability, and meet the assigned goal. This reallocation of tasks with the controller issuing strategic goals and the flight crew managing the tactical achievement of those goals has been shown to be feasible through simulation and flight test. A precision of plusmn2-3 seconds is generally achievable. Simulations of long strings of arriving traffic show no signs of instabilities or compression waves. Subject pilots have rated the workload to be similar to current-day operations and eye-tracking data substantiate this result. This paper will present a high-level review of research results over the past seven years from a variety of tests and experiments. The results will focus on the precision and accuracy achievable, flow stability and some major sources of uncertainty. The paper also includes a summary of the flight crew's procedures and interface and a brief concept overview