gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of cytosolic calcium by cAMP and cGMP in freshly isolated smooth muscle cells from bovine trachea. (1988)

The regulation of the cytosolic calcium concentration was investigated in freshly isolated adult bovine tracheal smooth muscle cells using fura 2. These cells contain 1.1 and 1.8 pmol of cGMP kinase and cAMP kinase per mg protein, respectively. Carbachol, histamine, serotonin, isoproterenol, and salbutamol increased the cytosolic calcium in a dose-dependent manner from 79 nM to about 650 nM. Preincubation of these cells for 20 min with isoproterenol, forskolin, 8-Br-cAMP and 8-(4-Cl-phenyl)thio-cAMP did not lower carbachol-induced increases in cytosolic calcium concentration, whereas the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, the atrionatriuretic factor, isobutylmethylxanthine, and 8-Br-cGMP lowered cytosolic calcium. The active fragment of cGMP kinase, but not the catalytic subunit of cAMP kinase lowered carbachol-induced calcium levels. Carbachol released calcium from intracellular stores and increased calcium influx from the extracellular space. The influx was inhibited by preincubation with the calcium channel blockers nitrendipine or gallopamil. Both carbachol-stimulated pathways were suppressed by 8-Br-cGMP. Isoproterenol increased only the influx of calcium from the outside by a channel which was blocked by calcium channel blockers or 8-Br-cGMP. Forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP lowered carbachol- and isoproterenol-stimulated increases in calcium when added shortly before or after the addition of the agonist. In addition, isoproterenol decreased carbachol-stimulated calcium levels when added 10 s after carbachol. The calcium stimulatory effect of isoproterenol was abolished by preincubation of the cells with pertussis toxin or cholera toxin. These results show (a) that the beta 2-adrenoceptor couples in isolated tracheal smooth muscle cells to a dihydropyridine- and pertussis toxin-sensitive calcium channel; (b) that the same channel is opened by carbachol; (c) that cGMP kinase is very effective in decreasing elevated cytosolic calcium concentrations, whereas cAMP-dependent protein kinase has a variable effect on stimulated cytosolic calcium levels.
Beta band stability over time correlates with Parkinsonian rigidity and bradykinesia (2012)

Abnormal oscillatory activity in the basal ganglia is increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Such activity is recorded in patients in the form of oscillations in the local field potential (LFP) picked up in the subthalamic nucleus. Previous studies have focused on correlations between features of the time averaged power or amplitude spectrum of the LFP and the clinical state, either off medication or in response to levodopa. However, average spectral densities do not take account of time variant spectral properties and we hypothesised that these dynamic properties of the spectrum of the LFP would contain additional information about clinical state. Here we assess the variability in LFP amplitude over time using the coefficient of variation (CV), evaluating this with regard to clinical state off medication and in response to levodopa in two datasets. The CV of activity in the high beta frequency band was found to be correlated with clinical state off levodopa (rho=-0.59, p<0.001) and this was shown to be complementary, rather than redundant, to spectral amplitude in a multiple regression analysis, selective for rigidity-bradykinesia and highly focal. Similarly, a strong correlation was found between change in clinical scores and change in high beta CV following levodopa (rho=-0.66, p=0.004). This too was selective for rigidity-bradykinesia and non-redundant to spectral power in a multiple regression model. Our results indicate that temporal stability in the beta band is correlated with rigidity-bradykinesia. It is suggested that loss of beta reactivity is deleterious to basal ganglia function over and above any concomitant change in absolute level of beta synchrony. The CV of LFP beta band amplitude may potentially provide an additional index of clinical state suitable for feedback control in closed loop stimulation therapy.
Web Service-Enabled Spam Filtering with Na&#x00EF;ve Bayes Classification (2015)

Electronic mail has nowadays become a convenient and inexpensive way for communication regardless of the distance. However, an increasing volume of unsolicited emails is bringing down the productivity dramatically. There is a need for reliable anti-spam filters to separate such messages from legitimate ones. The Naïve Bayesian classifier is suggested as an effective engine to pick out spam emails. We have developed an anti-spam filter that employs this content-based classifier. This statistic-based classifier was trained on Enron Spam Dataset, a well-known spam/legitimate email dataset. We developed this filter as a Web Service, which would consume the emails user uploads and give back the predicted probability that in what degree the given email is spam. This engine was achieved by Rest easy technology, and consists three phases to train pre-labeled emails and then apply Naïve Bays theorem to calculate email's Spamicity.
Turbulent flow into smooth streams: transferring research knowledge between academic environments and practitioner contexts. (2006)

The use of research knowledge in schools and colleges remains limited (e.g. Hargreaves: 1998; 1999). Efforts to transfer research outcomes between academic environments and practitioner contexts have not always been successful (e.g. McIntyre, 1998; Ebbutt, 2001; Cordingley, 2000; Wilson, 2004). This paper considers the use of research knowledge in one secondary school, where it has been successfully applied to address a number of distinct issues. The particular areas of application have been: effective approaches to assessment, improved strategies for revision classes, informed responses to school transfer (from Primary to Secondary), computers as tools for learning, and effective implementation of staff development. These five examples appear to have some common characteristics: (i) each was initiated by a 'professional provocation', (ii) each occupies a domain where there is a significant knowledge base, (iii) each of these bodies of knowledge is readily susceptible to 'practical tweaking', and (iv) in each case there are real gains in workload and impact. Acknowledging the increasing use of 'chaos theory' to provide insights into educational management (e.g. Gunter, 1995; Mansfield, 2003; Fullan, 2001), a classic chaotic system – turbulent water flow – is used to provide a framework for these four characteristics, and is extended to provide further observations on the context in which the transfer of research knowledge has been successful.
Regulation of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis through expression of integrins αVβ3 and αVβ5 on pulmonary T lymphocytes (2009)

Pulmonary infiltrating T lymphocytes may express integrins alphaVbeta3 and alphaVbeta5 that are necessary for lymphocytic infiltration and T cell-associated TGFbeta activation and collagen accumulation.
Mitoxantrone-Associated Leukemia in Multiple Sclerosis: Case Studies (2008)

This article describes four new cases from our clinical practices of therapy-related acute leukemia after use of mitoxantrone in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and reviews the mechanisms that predispose to this serious complication of treatment. The study consisted of a retrospective case series. Four previously unreported cases of secondary leukemia arising after mitoxantrone therapy in MS patients were identified, out of a combined cohort of 152 patients treated at our institutions. Three of the patients developed the acute promyelocytic leukemia subtype, after varying doses and latencies of mitoxantrone therapy. One of the study patients died. Characteristics of these patients and 10 previously reported cases are summarized. MS patients treated with mitoxantrone remain at risk for therapy-related leukemia, particularly acute promyelocytic leukemia. Strategies for minimization and prompt identification of this adverse event are needed.
User-oriented QoS in packet video delivery (1998)

We focus on packet video delivery, with an emphasis on the quality of service perceived by the end user. A video signal passes through several subsystems, such as the source coder, the network (ATM or Internet), and the decoder. Each of these can impair the information, either by data loss or by introducing delay. We describe how each of the subsystems can be tuned to optimize the quality of the delivered signal, for a given available bit rate in the network. The assessment of end-user quality is not trivial. We present research results, which rely on a model of the human visual system.
Homogeneous Real-Time Detection of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms by Strand Displacement Amplification on the BD ProbeTec ET System (2003)

SDA-based allelic differentiation on the BD ProbeTec ET System can detect SNPs rapidly, using whole blood, buccal swabs, or urine.
Multiple burst-correcting array codes (1988)

Two families of binary linear multiple-burst-correcting array codes are presented. The codes consist of all possible n/sub 1/*n/sub 2/ arrays over GF(2), where the columns have even parity and the rows belong to any given code of length n/sub 2/ and minimum distance 2t. It is shown that if the bits are read out diagonally instead of horizontally, each diagonal followed by the preceding one (viewed cyclically), then the code can correct up to t bursts of length <or=n/sub 1/ if and only if n/sub 2/>or=tn/sub 1/+1. If each diagonal is followed by the next one, the code can correct up to t bursts of length <or=n/sub 1/-1 if and only if n/sub 2/>or=2t(n-2)+1. For t=1 some of these results are already known. Decoding algorithms are presented, and the case t=1 is discussed in more detail.<<ETX>>
Submicrometer Si and Si-Ge epitaxial-base double-poly self-aligned bipolar transistors (1991)

The fabrication, device profiles, and electrical characteristics of epitaxial-base double-poly self-aligned bipolar transistors are presented. The intrinsic-base regions in the present device structures reside above the silicon surface and were formed using a boron-doped low-temperature epitaxially (LTE)-grown Si or Si-Ge layer to achieve a narrow intrinsic-base width (<or=60 nm) and a low base pinch resistance (<5 k Omega / Square Operator ) simultaneously. As a result of the raised base using LTE and the preservation of the integrity of this layer by minimizing the dopant diffusion during the subsequent processing steps, walled-emitter devices with excellent electrical characteristics were obtained.<<ETX>>
Platelet Activation by α‐Thrombin Is a Receptor‐Mediated Event<sup>a</sup> (1986)

Computer-assisted data analysis of binding isotherms (LIGAND) has shown that human platelets have binding sites for alpha-thrombin of high (Kd 0.3 nM), moderate (Kd 10 nM), and low affinities (Kd 3 microM). Application of similar techniques has shown that TLCK-thrombin does not, whereas PPACK-thrombin does, bind to the high-affinity binding site accessible to alpha-thrombin, but that both bind to the moderate and low-affinity sites. Treatment of platelets with Serratia marcescens protease destroys the high-affinity site but does not affect moderate-affinity binding. In accordance with this model, both modified thrombins compete with alpha-thrombin for platelet activation at the moderate-affinity site, but only PPACK-thrombin competes at the high-affinity site. These results establish that platelet activation by either low or moderate concentrations of thrombin are receptor-mediated events and explain the paradox of the differential effects of TLCK-thrombin on the binding and activation of platelets by alpha-thrombin.
NR2B-Containing Receptors Mediate Cross Talk among Hippocampal Synapses (2004)

Under some conditions, synaptically released glutamate can exert long-range actions in the cortical microcircuitry. To what extent glutamate spillover leads to direct cross talk among individual synapses remains unclear. We recorded NMDAR-mediated EPSCs in acute hippocampal slices at 35 degrees C by stimulating two independent pathways that converge on the same CA1 pyramidal cell. Activation of a conditioning pathway in the presence of the use-dependent blocker dizocilpine maleate (MK801) resulted in partial NMDA receptor (NMDAR) blockade in the other, silent pathway. This was accompanied by an increase in the rise time of the EPSCs in the conditioning (although not the silent) pathway, implying an increase in diffusional distance from release site to NMDARs. We estimated that up to approximately 30% of NMDARs contributing to EPSCs were activated by glutamate released from multiple synaptic sources; however, NMDAR-mediated synaptic cross talk was undetectable when NR2B subunit-containing receptors were blocked (but could be rescued by blocking glutamate uptake). We propose that NR2B-containing NMDARs can detect glutamate arising from multiple synapses, whereas NR2A-containing NMDARs only normally mediate direct synaptic transmission. These NMDAR isoforms thus play complementary roles in sensing global and local glutamate signals, respectively.
Bayesian joint analysis of heterogeneous genomics data (2014)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
C-5-Substituted pyrimidine nucleosides. 3. Reaction of allylic chlorides, alcohols, and acetates with pyrimidine nucleoside derived organopalladium intermediates (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTC-5-Substituted pyrimidine nucleosides. 3. Reaction of allylic chlorides, alcohols, and acetates with pyrimidine nucleoside derived organopalladium intermediatesDonald E. Bergstrom, Jerry L. Ruth, and Paul WarwickCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 7, 1432–1441Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00320a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00320a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views323Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Triazabicyclodecene:  An Effective Isotope Exchange Catalyst in CDCl<sub>3</sub> (2007)

We describe the first effective H/D exchange reaction with acidic substrates in CDCl(3) at room temperature. The particularly mild reaction conditions involved (solvent, base, and temperature) allow the chemoselective deuteration of ketones over esters. An NMR study was conducted with the aim of rationalizing the results obtained in the presence of TBD as catalyst.
Targeting autophagy enhances sorafenib lethality for hepatocellular carcinoma via ER stress-related apoptosis (2011)

Sorafenib, a potent multikinase inhibitor, has been recognized as the standard systemic treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the direct functional mechanism of tumor lethality mediated by sorafenib remains to be fully characterized, and the precise mechanisms of drug resistance are largely unknown. Here, we showed sorafenib induced both apoptosis and autophagy in human HCC cells through a mechanism that involved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and was independent of the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway. Upregulation of IRE1 signals from sorafenib-induced ER stress was critical for the induction of autophagy. Moreover, autophagy activation alleviated the ER stress-induced cell death. Inhibition of autophagy using either pharmacological inhibitors or essential autophagy gene knockdown enhanced cell death in sorafenib treated HCC cell lines. Critically, the combination of sorafenib with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine produced more pronounced tumor suppression in HCC both in vivo and in vitro. These findings indicated that both ER stress and autophagy were involved in the cell death evoked by sorafenib in HCC cells. The combination of autophagy modulation and molecular targeted therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy in treatment of HCC.
Interferometric measurement of disk/slider spacing: the effect of phase shift on reflection (1993)

In an interferometric system for measurement of spacing between a transparent disk and a slider, the effect of phase shift on reflection off the slider surface must be considered to obtain an accurate measurement. Here, a theoretical treatment of the problem is described and typical measurements are provided of phase shift on reflection for several types of slider materials in use today. The technique used to measure phase shift utilizes an ellipsometric measurement of the slider's complex index of refraction from which the phase shift on reflection is calculated. Monochromatic interferometric theory is used to show that assuming the slider to behave as a dielectric with a phase shift on reflection of pi can result in flying height measurement errors on the order of 12 nm. The magnitude of the phase-shift effect is investigated for different slider materials. In addition, the variation in phase shift as a function of the wavelength of light is investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
End-to-End Learning From Spectrum Data: A Deep Learning Approach for Wireless Signal Identification in Spectrum Monitoring Applications (2018)

This paper presents end-to-end learning from spectrum data-an umbrella term for new sophisticated wireless signal identification approaches in spectrum monitoring applications based on deep neural networks. End-to-end learning allows to: 1) automatically learn features directly from simple wireless signal representations, without requiring design of hand-crafted expert features like higher order cyclic moments and 2) train wireless signal classifiers in one end-to-end step which eliminates the need for complex multi-stage machine learning processing pipelines. The purpose of this paper is to present the conceptual framework of end-to-end learning for spectrum monitoring and systematically introduce a generic methodology to easily design and implement wireless signal classifiers. Furthermore, we investigate the importance of the choice of wireless data representation to various spectrum monitoring tasks. In particular, two case studies are elaborated: 1) modulation recognition and 2) wireless technology interference detection. For each case study three convolutional neural networks are evaluated for the following wireless signal representations: temporal IQ data, the amplitude/phase representation, and the frequency domain representation. From our analysis, we prove that the wireless data representation impacts the accuracy depending on the specifics and similarities of the wireless signals that need to be differentiated, with different data representations resulting in accuracy variations of up to 29%. Experimental results show that using the amplitude/phase representation for recognizing modulation formats can lead to performance improvements up to 2% and 12% for medium to high SNR compared to IQ and frequency domain data, respectively. For the task of detecting interference, frequency domain representation outperformed amplitude/phase and IQ data representation up to 20%.
Abnormal Heartbeat Detection Using Recurrent Neural Networks (2018)

The observation and management of cardiac features (using automated cardiac auscultation) is of significant interest to the healthcare community. In this work, we propose for the first time the use of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for automated cardiac auscultation and detection of abnormal heartbeat detection. The application of RNNs for this task is compelling since RNNs represent the deep learning technique most adept at dealing with sequential or temporal data. We explore the use of various RNNs models and show through our experimental results that RNN delivers the best-recorded score with only 2.37\% error on the test set for automated cardiac auscultation task.
Reactive Astrocytes in Neural Repair and Protection (2005)

Reactive astrocytosis occurs prominently in response to all forms of CNS injury or disease. The functions of reactive astrocytes are not well understood, and both harmful and beneficial activities have been attributed to these cells. The basic process of reactive astrocytosis is conserved in vertebrate evolution, suggesting fitness-enhancing benefits, but scar-forming reactive astrocytes are often regarded as uniformly detrimental to clinical outcome, in particular, when implicated as inhibitors of axon regeneration. Transgenic mouse models are providing new means to study the activities of reactive astrocytes after CNS insults in vivo. Recent studies point toward roles for reactive astrocytes in restricting inflammation and protecting neurons and oligodendrocytes, thereby helping to limit tissue degeneration and preserve function after CNS injury.
COX-2 and prostaglandins in atherosclerosis (2005)

Arachidonic acid metabolism is involved in acute ischemic syndromes affecting the coronary or cerebrovascular territory, as demonstrated by biochemical measurements of eicosanoid biosynthesis and the results of inhibitor trials in these settings. In particular, the efficacy of low-dose aspirin in reducing the complications of acute ischemic syndromes has focused attention on the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism and its products, collectively termed prostanoids. Two cyclooxygenase (COX)-isozymes have been characterized, COX-1 and COX-2, that differ in terms of regulatory mechanisms of expression, tissue distribution, substrate specificity and preferential coupling to upstream and downstream enzymes. While the role of platelet COX-1 in acute ischemic diseases is firmly established, the role of COX-2 in atherothrombosis is still uncertain. Studies from our group suggest that variable expression of upstream and downstream enzymes in the prostanoid biosynthesis may represent important determinants of the functional consequences of COX-2 expression and inhibition in different clinical settings.
Manufacturing and mining (1980)

The system of manufacturing which the sixteenth century had inherited from the Middle Ages remained almost unchanged in technology, and but little modified in structure and organisation until the latter half of the eighteenth century. From the middle years of the latter, however, there was an accelerating development in both, as markets broadened, technological innovations were adopted, and new forms of organisation were devised to cope with new conditions. In the early nineteenth century the rate of change was intensified as Europe was engulfed in that wave of innovation known as the Industrial Revolution. The three centuries or more spanned by this book can be divided into periods, or, since they were not strictly contemporary in all parts of the continent, stages of development.
Delayed Menarche and Amenorrhea of College Athletes in Relation to Age of Onset of Training (1982)

FRISCH, ROSE E.; GOTZ-WELBERGEN, ASTRID V.; McARTHUR, JANET W.; ALBRIGHT, TENLEY; WITSCHI, JELIA; BULLEN, BEVERLY; BIRNHOLZ, JASON; REED, ROBERT B.; HERMANN, HOWARD Author Information