gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ca<sup>2+</sup>–calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase expression and signalling in skeletal muscle during exercise (2006)

Ca2+ signalling is proposed to play an important role in skeletal muscle function during exercise. Here, we examined the expression of multifunctional Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK) in human skeletal muscle and show that CaMKII and CaMKK, but not CaMKI or CaMKIV, are expressed. Furthermore, the effect of exercise duration and intensity on skeletal muscle CaMKII activity and phosphorylation of downstream targets was examined. Eight healthy men exercised at approximately 67% of peak pulmonary O2 uptake(VO2peak) with muscle samples taken at rest and after 1, 10, 30, 60 and 90 min of exercise. Ten other men exercised for three consecutive 10 min bouts at 35%, 60% and 85% VO2peak with muscle samples taken at rest, at the end of each interval and 30 min post-exercise. There was a rapid and transient increase in autonomous CaMKII activity and CaMKII phosphorylation at Thr287 in skeletal muscle during exercise. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLN) at Thr17, which was identified as a CaMKII substrate in skeletal muscle, was rapidly (< 1 min) increased by exercise, and remained phosphorylated 5-fold above basal level during 90 min of exercise. The phosphorylation of serum response factor at Ser103, a putative CaMKII substrate, was higher after 30 min of exercise. PLN phosphorylation at Thr17 was higher with increasing exercise intensities. These data indicate that CaMKII is the major multifunctional CaMK in skeletal muscle and its activation occurs rapidly and is sustained during continuous exercise, with the activation being greater during intense exercise.
Functional Food Science in Europe (1998)

The goal of the Functional Food Science in Europe (FUFOSE) concerted action was to reach consensus on scientific concepts of functional foods in Europe by using the science base that supports evidence that specific nutrients positively affect physiological functions. The outcome proposes "a working definition" of functional foods: foods can be regarded as functional if they can be satisfactorily demonstrated to affect beneficially one or more target functions in the body, beyond adequate nutritional effects, in a way relevant to an improved state of health and well-being and/or reduction of risk of disease. Functional foods must remain foods and they must achieve their effects in amounts normally consumed in a diet. Evidence from human studies, based on markers relating to biological response or on intermediate endpoint markers of disease, could provide a sound scientific basis for messages and claims about the functional food products. Two types of claims are proposed that relate directly to these two categories of markers: Enhanced function claims (type A) and reduced risk of disease claims (type B). A new EU Concerted Action will start with, and build upon, the principles defined within FUFOSE. This project PASSCLAIM will (i) produce a consensus on principles for the scientific substantiation of health-related claims for food and food components, (ii) select common criteria for how markers should be identified, validated and used in well-designed studies to explore the links between diet and health and (iii) to evaluate critically the existing schemes which assess the scientific substantiation of claims.
Structural analysis of lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria (2010)

This review covers data on composition and structure of lipid A, core, and O-polysaccharide of the known lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria. The relationship between the structure and biological activity of lipid A is discussed. The data on roles of core and O-polysaccharide in biological activities of lipopolysaccharides are presented. The structural homology of some oligosaccharide sequences of lipopolysaccharides to gangliosides of human cell membranes is considered.
Discovering Enterprise Concepts Using Spreadsheet Tables (2017)

Existing work on knowledge discovery focuses on using natural language techniques to extract entities and relationships from textual documents. However, today relational tables are abundant in quantities, and are often well-structured with coherent data values. So far these rich relational tables have been largely overlooked for the purpose of knowledge discovery. In this work, we study the problem of building concept hierarchies using a large corpus of enterprise spreadsheet tables. Our method first groups distinct values from tables into a large hierarchical tre based on co-occurrence statistics. We then "summarize" the large tree by selecting important tree nodes that are likely good concepts based on how well they "describe" the original corpus. The result is a small concept hierarchy that is easy for humans to understand and curate. Our end-to-end algorithms are designed to run on Map-Reduce and to scale to large corpus. Experiments using real enterprise spreadsheet corpus show that proposed approach can generate concepts with high quality.
AN ENVIRONMENT FOR DESIGN AND MODELING OF ELECTRO- MECHANICAL MICRO-SYSTEMS (1999)

This paper presents a comprehensive CAD environment for MEMS/MST design. The design flow includes MEMS mechanical schematic entry, parameterized cell layout generation, LVS style error checking, lumped parameter macro-model generation, and system level modeling of the micro-system. The design environment also provides error checking between different design views. The implemented macromodel extraction technique can be used for micro-systems that can be represented as multi-component massspring-dashpot structures. Examples include accelerometers, gyros, and other structures that have rigid masses and compliant springs. A mass-produced capacitive MEMS accelerometer (Analog Devices, Inc.&apos;s ADXL76), is employed as an illustrative example of this procedure. The accuracy of the developed method is also verified by comparing macro-model results for several other MEMS structures to the results of full 3-D physics simulations. Good accuracy is demonstrated in both spatialdomain and frequency-domain dynamic behavior of the models.
Transgenic mouse lines expressing synaptopHluorin in hippocampus and cerebellar cortex (2005)

We generated six transgenic mouse lines in which synaptopHluorin (SpH), one of green fluorescent protein-based sensors of vesicular exocytosis, was expressed under the control of neuron-specific Thy-1.2 promoter. In situ hybridization study revealed that SpH mRNA was expressed in a broad spectrum of brain regions in four of them, whereas in others it was expressed in the specific regions of the hippocampus. In one particular line, SpH immunoreactivity was specifically observed in the mossy fiber presynaptic terminals of both hippocampus and cerebellar cortex. The fluorescence intensity of these presynaptic terminals was somewhat decreased by acidic buffer superfusion and greatly increased by vesicular neutralization of pH, indicating that the SpH molecules are mainly distributed in the synaptic vesicles. The exocytosis-dependent fluorescence increment was measured upon activation of a single presynaptic terminal. These transgenic lines are expected to facilitate morphological and physiological studies of presynaptic terminals in a variety of regions of the brain.
Position sensorless control of PMSM by synchronous injection and demodulation of alternating carrier voltage (2010)

Synchronous machines with surface mounted permanent magnets (SMPMSMs) are very popular in industry due to their high efficiency and simple design and are therefore of special interest for position sensorless control. These types of machines typically have small inherent saliencies resulting in a low signal to noise ratio when measuring the rotor position using injected high frequency test signals. It is therefore necessary to avoid any interference between the current controller and the injected signal to achieve the highest possible performance under sensorless control. This paper proposes a novel method for integrating an alternating carrier injection scheme into a current control loop without requiring the commonly used band-pass filter. It uses a strictly synchronous injection and demodulation approach. This allows the high frequency components of the stator current to become completely invisible to the current controller and additionally to eliminate the dead time in the current control loop. Furthermore the demodulated alternating carrier will be unaffected by the fundamental component even during transient conditions. Moreover the proposed decoupling method does not require any motor parameter adjustment.
A reflecting Pockels cell with aperture scalable for high average power multipass amplifier systems (2010)

In high average power multi-pass amplifier systems, Pockels cell, used for isolating and controlling number of passes, encounters both limitation of aperture and thermo-effects. We propose and demonstrate for the first time, as far as we know, a reflecting Pockels cell (RPC) which is longitudinally excited based on KD*P utilizing matched a discharge chamber and a copper plate as electrodes. In the RPC, electro-optic crystal can be longitudinally conduction-cooled. This device, with a 40 mm x 40 mm clear aperture, can be scaled to larger, and driven by one low voltage pulse. Excellent switching efficiency, high static extinction ratio, and negligible thermo-effects have been achieved.
Driver and Passenger Identification From Smartphone Data (2018)

The objective of this paper is twofold. First, it presents a brief overview of existing driver and passenger identification or recognition approaches, which rely on smartphone data. This includes listing the typically available sensory measurements and highlighting a few key practical considerations for automotive settings. Second, a simple identification method that utilizes the smartphone inertial measurements and, possibly, doors signal is proposed. It is based on analyzing the user behavior during entry, namely, the direction of turning, and extracting relevant salient features, which are distinctive depending on the side of entry to the vehicle. This is followed by applying a suitable classifier and decision criterion. Experimental data is shown to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the introduced probabilistic, low-complexity, identification technique.
Attaining a correct diagnosis of COPD in general practice (2004)

Despite incentives to perform spirometry in general practice, lack of adequate training in use and interpretation suggests use is confounded and the diagnosis of COPD is likely to be made on imprecise clinical grounds.
Comorbidity of anxiety disorders and depression: does it affect course and outcome? (1989)

Summary The comorbidity of anxiety disorders and depression, and its effect on course and outcome was examined by using data from the Munich Follow-up Study (MFS). The MFS is a prospective 7 year follow-up study in both a clinical sample of originally 291 former inpatients as well as a representative sample ( N = 657) from the general population. Diagnoses were based on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) not using the optional DSM-III exclusion rules. Based on earlier studies the temporal relationship of diagnoses was examined by using the age of onset and recency codings of the DIS, correcting for inaccuracies in patients’ judgement. The results showed: 1), Comorbidity seems to be a rather frequent and stable phenomenon in clinical and epidemiological samples. The comorbidity rates of the DIS/DSM-III diagnoses, amounted to about 50% in the epidemiological and 75% in the clinical sample. 2), The majority of the subjects with both disorders indicated an onset of anxiety disorders before that of a major depressive syndrome. None of the cases developed a major depressive episode prior to an anxiety disorder. 3), A less favorable course and outcome was generally found for subjects with both disorders (anxiety and depression), although the predictive value of the diagnostic grouping was meager. Clear differences were found for “pure” disorders (anxiety only, depression only) in the clinical and epidemiological sample. 4), Regardless of whether a depressive episode was present at the time of the follow-up investigation, the mixed group had the worst outcome of all other comparative groups.
Media Appropriateness. (1993)

This study assesses a scale measuring appropriateness of media for a variety of organizational communication activities and then compares seven media across six organizational sites. The ranking of media were face-to-face, telephone, meetings, desktop video and videoconferencing, voice mail, text, and electronic mail. Although information exchange and socioemotional relations dimensions emerged, the first provided a parsimonious solution. Multidimensional scaling placed traditional media in separate clusters, and new media together with some instances of text and phone, along interpersonal-mediated and synchronous-asynchronous axes. The appropriateness of face-to-face and meetings did not change over time, whereas ratings of phone and text (to some extent) and new media did. Appropriateness of new media was weakly associated with use. finally, there was very little evidence of social information processing influence on appropriateness, except for organizational newcomers’ratings of the newest medium, desktop video.
LvNotch signaling mediates secondary mesenchyme specification in the sea urchin embryo (1999)

Cell-cell interactions are thought to regulate the differential specification of secondary mesenchyme cells (SMCs) and endoderm in the sea urchin embryo. The molecular bases of these interactions, however, are unknown. We have previously shown that the sea urchin homologue of the LIN-12/Notch receptor, LvNotch, displays dynamic patterns of expression within both the presumptive SMCs and endoderm during the blastula stage, the time at which these two cell types are thought to be differentially specified (Sherwood, D. R. and McClay, D. R. (1997) Development 124, 3363-3374). The LIN-12/Notch signaling pathway has been shown to mediate the segregation of numerous cell types in both invertebrate and vertebrate embryos. To directly examine whether LvNotch signaling has a role in the differential specification of SMCs and endoderm, we have overexpressed activated and dominant negative forms of LvNotch during early sea urchin development. We show that activation of LvNotch signaling increases SMC specification, while loss or reduction of LvNotch signaling eliminates or significantly decreases SMC specification. Furthermore, results from a mosaic analysis of LvNotch function as well as endogenous LvNotch expression strongly suggest that LvNotch signaling acts autonomously within the presumptive SMCs to mediate SMC specification. Finally, we demonstrate that the expansion of SMCs seen with activation of LvNotch signaling comes at the expense of presumptive endoderm cells, while loss of SMC specification results in the endoderm expanding into territory where SMCs usually arise. Taken together, these results offer compelling evidence that LvNotch signaling directly specifies the SMC fate, and that this signaling is critical for the differential specification of SMCs and endoderm in the sea urchin embryo.
Evaluation of a Novel Thermosensitive Heparin-Poloxamer Hydrogel for Improving Vascular Anastomosis Quality and Safety in a Rabbit Model (2013)

Despite progress in the design of advanced surgical techniques, stenosis recurs in a large percentage of vascular anastomosis. In this study, a novel heparin-poloxamer (HP) hydrogel was designed and its effects for improving the quality and safety of vascular anastomosis were studied. HP copolymer was synthesized and its structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-NMR). Hydrogels containing HP were prepared and their important characteristics related to the application in vascular anastomosis including gelation temperature, rheological behaviour and micromorphology were measured. Vascular anastomosis were performed on the right common carotid arteries of rabbits, and the in vivo efficiency and safety of HP hydrogel to achieve vascular anastomosis was verified and compared with Poloxamer 407 hydrogel and the conventional hand-sewn method using Doppler ultrasound, CT angiograms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histological technique. Our results showed that HP copolymer displayed special gel-sol-gel phase transition behavior with increasing temperature from 5 to 60 °C. HP hydrogel prepared from 18 wt% HP solution had a porous sponge-like structure, with gelation temperature at approximately 38 °C and maximum elastic modulus at 10,000 Pa. In animal studies, imaging and histological examination of rabbit common jugular artery confirmed that HP hydrogel group had similar equivalent patency, flow and burst strength as Poloxamer 407 group. Moreover, HP hydrogel was superior to poloxamer 407 hydrogel and hand-sewn method for restoring the functions and epithelial structure of the broken vessel junctions after operation. By combining the advantages of heparin and poloxamer 407, HP hydrogel holds high promise for improving vascular anastomosis quality and safety.
P45 Effective non-invasive prediction of cardiovascular disease (2016)

Background Obesity, hypertension and diabetes are known conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). An accurate estimate of the risk of CVD requires blood tests. The aim of this work is to establish which non-invasive measures, without the blood tests, would be suitable for an early determination of the risk of CVD. Some ethnic groups such as south Asians have higher risk of CVD and may have a different risk profile. Methods A purposive cohort of 1087 patients was recruited to establish non-invasive risk factors. The cohort was enriched for south Asians in order to explore ethnicity and in those with type 2 diabetes. As well as the usual measurements of body-mass-index (BMI) and systolic-brachial-blood pressure, systolic-ankle-blood pressures, waist and waist-to-height-ratio (WHtR) were also collected. Treated hypertension status, age, ethnicity, and sex were taken from patient records. Classification trees were employed to ascertain potential risk factors for CVD and also for diabetes which enable handling of collinear measures such as BMI and WHtR. Results The classification tree for CVD showed that within our cohort, treated hypertension, age, diabetic status, and ankle-brachial-index (systolic-ankle-blood pressures/systolic-brachial-blood pressure) were strong predictors. For diabetes the strong predictors were treated hypertension, age, ethnicity, and WhtR. Although available, BMI did not feature as a risk factor since WHtR shows greater discrimination. Conclusion When using non-invasive measures alone, waist-to-height ratio is shown as the more sensitive measure of obesity when predicting diabetes and ankle-brachial-index is more sensitive predictor than systolic-brachial-blood-pressure for CVD after treated hypertension-status.
Enhancing Telehealth Education in Nursing: Applying King’s Conceptual Framework and Theory of Goal Attainment (2017)

Telehealth technologies are increasingly used in the provision of nursing care to clients and populations. The education of nurses must include content and practice with telehealth technologies. The authors of this article discuss how one school of nursing has infused telehealth content and resources into undergraduate and graduate curricula using King's conceptual system and theory of goal attainment as a guide.
Quantifying QoS requirements of network services (2011)

Despite all the efforts devoted to improving the QoS of networked multimedia services, the baseline for such improvements has yet to be defined. In other words, although it is well recognized that better network conditions generally yield better service quality, the exact minimum level of network QoS required to ensure satisfactory user experience remains an open question.
A dimer-dimer binding region in .beta.-galactosidase (1979)

alpha Complementation in beta-galactosidase is the restoration of enzyme activity by addition of the alpha donor CNBr2, from amino acid residues 3--92 of the polypeptide, to inactive M15 protein from the lacZ deletion mutant strain M15. M15 protein lacks residues 11--41 and is a dimer; the active complex, like native beta-galactosidase, is tetrameric [Langley, K. E., & Zabin, I. (1976) Biochemistry 15, 4866--4875]. A dimer--dimer binding region in beta-galactosidase has been identified by proteolytic and immunologic studies of alpha-complementation. Proteolytic experiments were carried out with trypsin. Treatment of native beta-galactosidase with trypsin, followed by reaction of the mixture with cyanogen bromide, yields intact CNBr2 as measured by its ability to complement M15 protein. Active CNBr2 is not obtained when urea-denatured beta-galactosidase is treated in the same way. Therefore the segment corresponding to CNBr2 is apparently buried within the folded protein. Immunologic experiments were carried out with antibodies against CNBr2, tryptic peptide T8 (residues 60--140), and CNBr3 (residues 93--187). Anti-CNBr2 and anti-T8 bind to M15 protein but not to beta-galactosidase, indicating that this area is exposed in the dimer. Anti CNBr2, but not anti-T8 or anti-CNBr3, inhibits the formation of alpha-complemented enzyme. These results indicate that an early part of the sequence, within the segment corresponding to CNBr2, is involved in dimer--dimer interaction.
Structural Variations on the Turn Unit of DNA-Binding Hairpin Py-Im Polyamides (2010)

Modulation of gene expression by small molecules is a challenge in the field of chemical biology. Hairpin pyrrole-imidazole polyamides are a class of programmable small molecules that bind to the minor groove of DNA, and have been shown to inhibit gene expression by interfering with transcription factor-DNA interfaces. When considering the biological implications of these molecules, improvement of sequence-specificities and binding affinities is of great interest. The work described herein focuses on modifications to the turn sub-unit of hairpin polyamides, and subsequent effects on the biophysical and biological characteristics of these molecules. The substitution of a γ-2,4-diaminobutyric acid with an α-2,4-diaminobutyric acid hairpin turn moiety resulted in greater selectivity, and diminished reactivity for polyamide-alkylator conjugates. These molecules have been utilized in generating site-specific damage in histone H4 genes in cancer cells. Employment of 3,4-diaminobutyric acid in the turn unit has resulted in increased DNA affinities for polyamides targeting particular sequences. These molecules are also promising in their abilities to tolerate modifications that improve cellular uptake but would otherwise severely diminish binding.