gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Actions and interactions with alcohol of drugs on psychomotor skills: comparison of diazepam and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. (1978)

Effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GOBA) on psychomotor skills related to driving were studied in healthy student volunteers. The effects of oral GOBA 1.0 and 2.0 g, alone or in combination with 0.5 g/kg of ethyl alcohol, were compared in double-blind cross-over trials against oral diazepam 10 mg (D), alcohol 0.5 g/kg, and lactose placebo. Reactive and co-ordinative skills, attention, flicker fusion, proprioception, nystagmus, Maddox wing, and subjective estimations were included. The first single-dose trial with 12 volunteers revealed that neither GOBA 1.0 g nor D modified attention. D impaired reactive skills whilst co-ordinative skills remained largely uninfluenced by D or GOBA. Both D and GOBA impaired leg proprioception. Only D was experienced as a sedative drug. In the second trial with 12 volunteers, GOBA 1.0 g slightly increased reaction mistakes whereas GOBA 2.0 g next day did not. Either dose of GOBA was ineffective on co-ordinative skills, critical flicker fusion frequency, and proprioception. Alcohol alone (0.41 +/- 0.047 mg/ml) improved rather than impaired skills. GOBA 1.0 g + alcohol (0.36 +/- 0.027 mg/ml) impaired reactive skills more than GOBA 2.0 g did but no potentiation was seen. D impaired reactive and co-ordinative skills and flicker fusion. When D was given on two consecutive days, some tachyphylaxis to the D response was seen on co-ordinative skills but not on reactive skills or flicker fusion. It is concluded that in the recommended anxiolytic doses used GOBA neither deteriorates driving skills nor importantly increases the effects of low doses of alcohol.
Electrical Observation of Lubricant Film Between a Cam and a Lifter of an OHV Engine (1978)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper describes an electrical method to observe formation and break down of a lubricant film between a cam and a lifter through electrical voltage (conductivity) variation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Break down of the lubricant film increased with decreasing oil viscosity, increasing valve spring load and growth of pitts on the lifter surface. The process of film formation during running-in and cold start was also studied.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A computer-aided data processing system was developed to obtain the relations between the cam angle and the average electrical voltage across the lubricant film.</div>
Study on information recommendation of scientific and technological achievements based on user behavior modeling and big data mining (2018)

This paper brief introduces the source, the concept and characteristics of big data of scientific and technological achievements. The methods and techniques of big data analysis are reviewed. The process of providing personalized service based on user behavior modeling and big data mining is analyzed. The information recommendation service of scientific and technological achievements based on big data analysis is discussed. Combined with the characteristics of personalized service in big data environment, the construction strategy of user behavior model is proposed. The model building method and the personalized service scheme are given at the end.
An electro-optic technique for display and shaping of subnanosecond laser pulses (1976)

We analyze a focusing interaction between a parabolic voltage pulse traveling in a transmission line filled with nonlinear dielectric and a laser pulse which crosses the guide at right angles. In this interaction the voltage pulse, which is about 1 nsec in duration, creates an effective cylindrical lens that moves across the optical wave front with a velocity greater than 109 cm/sec. The light is imaged by this disturbance to a focal spot which translates at the same velocity, producing the effect of a streak camera without the necessity of a photocathode and electron deflection. By placing a spatial filter, rather than a detector array, in the focal plane, subnanosecond shaping or gating of the input pulse can be achieved very simply.
Adverse Effects of β-Blocker Therapy for Patients With Heart Failure (2004)

Although beta-blocker therapy was associated with hypotension, dizziness, and bradycardia, the absolute increases in risk were small, and overall fewer patients were withdrawn from beta-blocker therapy than from placebo. This information should alleviate concerns about prescribing this life-saving therapy to patients with HF.
Evaluation of water quality of mangrove ecosystems of Kundapura, Udupi district, Karnataka, Southwest coast of India. (2012)

The present study was carried out to evaluate the physico-chemical parameters of four selected sites of mangrove ecosystem, located at Kundapura, of Udupi district, Karnataka, Southwest coast of India, for a period of one year from August-2010 to July-2011. The physicochemical parameters play a vital role in the mangrove ecosystems. A seasonal variation in these parameters was observed throughout the study period and monthly comparisons were made as monsoon, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. The results of the present investigations are compared with literature values and investigation reveals that there is a fluctuation in the physico-chemical characters of the water, this will be due to ebb and flow and change in the temperature and salinity as season changes.
In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Stealth Liposomes Co-encapsulating Doxorubicin and Verapamil on Doxorubicin-Resistant Tumor Cells (2005)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to successful clinical cancer chemotherapy. A novel doxorubicin anti-resistant Stealth liposomes (DARSLs), prepared by co-encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) and verapamil (VER) into stealth liposomes, has been developed. The average particle size of DARSLs was 118.1+/-22.3 nm. Encapsulation efficiencies of DOX and VER in DARSLs were greater than 95% and 70%, respectively. The IC(50) of DARSLs as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in multidrug resistant rat prostate cancer Mat-LyLu-B2 (MLLB2) cells was 0.079+/-0.017 microM, 13 fold less than that for liposomal DOX with free VER (LDFV 0.96+/-0.46 microM) but only about 2 times less than FDFV. The IC(50) cytotoxicity on MLLB2 cells of the various formulations was as follows: DARSLs approximately LDLV<FDFV<FDLV<LDFV<LD<FD, (LD: liposomal DOX; LV: liposomal VER; FD: free DOX; FV: free VER). Similar cytotoxicities were shown between DARSLs and FDFV in DOX-resistant human uterus sarcoma MES-SA/DX5 cells, reversing DOX-resistance to that shown by FD on DOX-sensitive MES-SA cells. For MLLB2 cells, DARSLs was the most cytotoxic, but its intracellular concentration of DOX, measured as mean cellular fluorescence with flow cytometry was lower (p<0.01) than that observed with the FDFV formulation. In conclusion, DARSLs was an effective DOX formulation which could overcome drug resistance in DOX-resistant tumor cells, but its mechanisms of action may be complex.
Kirkwood Diffusivity of Long Semiflexible Chains in Nanochannel Confinement (2015)

We compute the axial diffusivity of asymptotically long semiflexible polymers confined in square channels. Our calculations employ the Kirkwood approximation of the mobility tensor by combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations of the hydrodynamic tensor in channel confinement with pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method (PERM) simulations of a discrete wormlike chain model. Three key results emerge from our study. First, for the classic de Gennes regime, we confirm that Brochard and de Gennes' blob theory correctly predicts the scaling of the axial diffusivity, contrary to the conclusions of previous analyses. Second, for the extended de Gennes regime, we show that a modified blob theory, which has been used to incorporate the effect of local stiffness on DNA diffusion in nanoslits, explains the deviation from the prediction of classic blob theory for diffusion in nanochannels. Third, we provide a calculation similar to the modified blob theory to explain the relative insensitivity of the diffusivity to channel size for channels between the extended de Gennes regime and the Odijk regime, which is the most relevant regime for experiments and technological applications of DNA confinement in nanochannels. Our results are not only relevant to the dynamics of confined semiflexible polymers such as DNA, but also reveal interesting analogies between confinement in channels and slits.
2'-5'-Linked oligo(adenylic acid) and its analogs. A new class of inhibitors of mRNA methylation. (1982)

Most eukaryotic cellular and viral mRNAs have a blocked, methylated 5' terminus, commonly referred to as a "cap." The 5'-terminal 7-methyl-G in mRNAs is essential for their efficient translation in vitro and may also protect mRNAs against exonucleases. We have explored whether enzymes which synthesize 5' caps of mRNAs are targets for antiviral agents. We have reported earlier that the 5'-triphosphate of a broad spectrum antiviral agent, Ribavirin, and the 5'-mono- and triphosphates of 2'-5'-linked oligo(adenylic acid) (2-5A) synthesized by interferon-treated cells on exposure to double-stranded RNA or EMC virus inhibit in vitro methylation of unmethylated vaccinia RNA by a crude mRNA methylating enzyme system from vaccinia virus. We report here that although 2-5A inhibits both purified vaccinia viral and cellular mRNA (guanine-7-)-methyltransferases at micromolar concentrations, the 3'-O-methylated analogs of 2-5A, methylated in the 3'-terminal-OH or methylated at all three 3'-OH groups and with varying numbers of phosphate groups, specifically inhibited the viral enzyme at submicromolar concentrations. The inhibition is noncompetitive with respect to S-adenosylmethionine, but competitive with respect to mRNA substrate. These compounds are at least 10 times more active than 2-5A. A specific inhibitor of viral mRNA methylation heretofore has not been reported.
Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 20) (2002)

Abstract Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since January, 2002 are reviewed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunosuppressive monocytes: possible homeostatic mechanism to restrain chronic intestinal inflammation (2014)

Chronic colitis is accompanied by extensive myelopoiesis and accumulation of CD11b+Gr-1+ cells in spleens and secondary lymphoid tissues. Although cells with similar phenotype have been described in cancer, chronic infection, or autoimmunity, where they were associated with suppression of T cell responses, little is known regarding how these cells affect CD4 T cell responses in the context of chronic intestinal inflammation. Therefore, we undertook this study to characterize the interplay between colitis-induced myeloid cells and CD4 T cell. Within the CD11b+Gr-1+ population, only monocytes (Ly6G(neg)Ly6C(high)) but not other myeloid cell subsets suppressed proliferation and production of cytokines by CD4 T cells. Suppression was mediated by cell-contact, NO and partially by IFN-γ and PGs. Interestingly, Ly6C(high) MDCs, isolated from colitic colons, showed up-regulation of iNOS and arginase-1 and were more potent suppressors than those isolated from spleen. On a single-cell level, MDCs inhibited Th1 responses but enhanced generation of foxp3+ T cells. MDCs, cocultured with activated/Teffs, isolated from inflamed colons under hypoxic (1% O2) conditions typical for the inflamed intestine, suppressed proliferation but not their production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Taken together, expansion of monocytes and MDCs and activation of their suppressive properties may represent a homeostatic mechanism aimed at restraining excessive T cell activation during chronic inflammatory settings. The contribution of immunosuppressive monocytes/MDCs to chronic colitis and their role in shaping T cell responses in vivo require further investigation.
Trichomoniasis in Men (1995)

Trichomonas vaginalis is an important consideration in sexually active men with urethral symptoms or inflammation but with little or no evidence of discharge on physical examination.
Design aspects, winding arrangements and applications of printed circuit board motors: a comprehensive review (2020)

Printed circuit board (PCB) motors are witnessing increased interests and applications in the scientific communities and industry thanks to the advantages of compact size, high power density and efficiency, design flexibility, and low manufacturing cost. PCB has become a feasible and appropriate alternative to conventional round‐wire winding. It is applicable to any kind of electrical machines, such as axial‐flux machines and radial‐flux ones, in many applications. Moreover, it improves electromagnetic and thermal performances, which is affected by some design choices and winding arrangements. This study provides a comprehensive review of the PCB motors including the various aspects of initial electromagnetic design, performance analysis, winding arrangements, PCB coil design, and applications of PCB motors. Key references on the abovementioned aspects pertaining to the motor are discussed. Thus, offering researchers and engineers the most up‐to‐date information on the developments and progresses with the PCB motor design and technology.
AN INTEGRATED PLATFORM FOR LIGHT-INDUCED DIELECTRO- PHORESIS AND ELECTROWETTING (2010)

We demonstrate a technique that seamlessly integrates both light-induced dielectrophoresis and electrowetting on the same chip. This allows for the parallel manipulation of not only individual droplets, but for particles within the droplet as well. The device requires no photolithography and dielectrophoresis/electrowetting functionality is selected through a simple change of device bias. 12.5 nL droplet and 10 μm polystyrene bead speeds of 0.8 cm/s (40 Vppk, 10 kHz) and 60 μm/s (10 Vppk, 200 kHz) are demonstrated. Additionally, by applying this technique to concentrate a sample within an individual droplet and subsequently split the droplet, consistent sample concentration enhancements of 3-4x are achieved.
Topical Treatment with Black Raspberry Extract Reduces Cutaneous UVB-Induced Carcinogenesis and Inflammation (2009)

Light in the UVB spectrum (280-320 nm) induces a number of changes in the epidermis and dermis of mice and humans, resulting in a robust inflammatory response. A standardized black raspberry extract (BRE) has been effective in reducing signaling pathways commonly initiated by inflammatory stimuli. In this study, we determined whether this extract could reduce cutaneous UVB-induced inflammation and carcinogenesis. In our carcinogenesis model, female SKH-1 hairless mice were exposed to one minimal erythemal dose of UVB thrice weekly on nonconsecutive days for 25 weeks. Immediately after each exposure, the mice were treated topically with either BRE dissolved in vehicle or with vehicle only. Beginning on week 19, mice treated with BRE had a significant reduction in tumor number and in average tumor size. This reduction correlated with a significant reduction in tumor-infiltrating CD3(+)foxp3(+) regulatory T-cells. In the acute model, mice were exposed to a single minimal erythemal dose of UVB and treated topically with BRE or with vehicle. At 48 hours post-UVB exposure, topical BRE treatment significantly reduced edema, p53 protein levels, oxidative DNA damage, and neutrophil activation. The ability of topical BRE to reduce acute UVB-induced inflammation and to decrease tumor development in a long-term model provides compelling evidence to explore the clinical efficacy of BRE in the prevention of human skin cancers.
Deletion of the non-essential UL0 gene of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus leads to attenuation in chickens, and UL0 mutants expressing influenza virus haemagglutinin (H7) protect against ILT and fowl plague (2003)

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae, possesses several unique genes. One of them, UL0, encodes an abundantly expressed protein that accumulates in the nuclei of ILTV-infected cells. This study demonstrates that this protein is dispensable for in vitro virus replication and that UL0 deletion mutants exhibit only minor growth defects in cultured cells. The UL0 gene locus of ILTV was also used for insertion of foreign DNA sequences encoding enhanced GFP or haemagglutinin (HA), subtype H7, of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene promoter. Expression of foreign proteins was shown by (immuno)fluorescence tests and Western blot analyses. After experimental infection of chickens, UL0 deletion mutants proved to be attenuated when compared to both parental wild-type ILTV and an UL0 rescue mutant. Nevertheless, all animals immunized with UL0-negative ILTV were protected from clinical disease after subsequent infection with virulent ILTV. Furthermore, all animals immunized with HA-expressing ILTV survived a lethal challenge with H7 subtype avian influenza virus with minimal clinical signs. Thus, an UL0-negative and HA-expressing ILTV recombinant may be used as a bivalent live virus vaccine against ILT and fowl plague. Unlike inactivated influenza virus vaccines, HA-expressing ILTV recombinants should be suitable for mass application and would also permit serological discrimination between vaccinated and virus-infected animals in the field.
A Constrained Tricyclic Nucleic Acid Analogue of α-<scp>l</scp>-LNA: Investigating the Effects of Dual Conformational Restriction on Duplex Thermal Stability (2013)

A constrained tricyclic analogue of α-L-LNA (2), which contains dual modes of conformational restriction about the ribose sugar moiety, has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Thermal denaturation experiments of oligonucleotide sequences containing this tricyclic α-L-LNA analogue (α-L-TriNA 2, 5) indicate that this modification is moderately stabilizing when paired with complementary DNA and RNA, but less stabilizing than both α-L-LNA (2) and α-L-TriNA 1 (4).
Hepatic phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity and its alterations in diabetic rats. (1989)

Phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity in rat liver was measured using a phosphopeptide substrate containing sequence identity to the major site of insulin receptor autophosphorylation. PTPase activity was detected in both cytosolic and particulate fractions of rat liver and produced linear dephosphorylation over a 15-min time course. In rats made insulin-deficient diabetic by streptozotocin treatment (STZ), cytosolic PTPase activity increased to 180% of the control values after 2 d of diabetes and remained elevated at 30 d (P less than 0.02). Gel filtration on Sephadex-75 revealed a single peak of activity in the cytosol in both control and diabetic animals and confirmed the increased levels. In BB diabetic rats, another model of insulin deficiency, the PTPase activity in the cytosolic fraction was increased to approximately 230% of control values. PTPase activity in the particulate fraction of liver was also increased by 30 and 80% after 2 and 8 d of STZ diabetes, respectively. However, this increase was not sustained and after 30 d of STZ diabetes, PTPase activity associated with the particulate fraction in the BB diabetic rat was reduced to approximately 70% of the control levels. Treatment of STZ diabetic rats with subcutaneous insulin or vanadate in their drinking water for 3 d reduced tyrosine PTPase activity in the particulate, but not in the cytosolic fraction. This was associated with a change in blood glucose toward normal. These data indicate insulin deficient diabetes is accompanied by significant changes in hepatic PTPase activity. Since tyrosine phosphorylation plays a central role in the cellular action of insulin receptor, an increase in PTPase activity may be an important factor in the altered insulin action associated with these diabetic states.
Regulation of storage protein gene expression in<i>Arabidopsis</i> (2003)

The expression of seed storage proteins is under tight developmental regulation and represents a powerful model system to study the regulation of gene expression during plant development. In this study, we show that three homologous B3 type transcription factors regulate the model storage protein gene, At2S3, via two distinct mechanisms: FUSCA3 (FUS3) and LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) activate the At2S3 promoter in yeast suggesting that they regulate At2S3 by directly binding its promoter; ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), however, appears to act more indirectly on At2S3, possibly as a cofactor in an activation complex. In accordance with this, FUS3 and LEC2 were found to act in a partially redundant manner and differently from ABI3 in planta: At2S3expression is reduced to variable and sometimes only moderate extent in fus3 and lec2 single mutants but is completely abolished in the lec2 fus3 double mutant. In addition, we found that FUS3and LEC2 expression patterns, together with an unsuspected regulation of FUS3 by LEC2, enable us to explain the intriguing expression pattern of At2S3 in lec2 or fus3 single mutants. Based on these results, we present a model of At2S3regulation and discuss its implications for other aspects of seed maturation.
Software-based energy profiling of Android apps: Simple, efficient and reliable? (2017)

Modeling the power profile of mobile applications is a crucial activity to identify the causes behind energy leaks. To this aim, researchers have proposed hardware-based tools as well as model-based and software-based techniques to approximate the actual energy profile. However, all these solutions present their own advantages and disadvantages. Hardware-based tools are highly precise, but at the same time their use is bound to the acquisition of costly hardware components. Model-based tools require the calibration of parameters needed to correctly create a model on a specific hardware device. Software-based approaches do not need any hardware components, but they rely on battery measurements and, thus, they are hardware-assisted. These tools are cheaper and easier to use than hardware-based tools, but they are believed to be less precise. In this paper, we take a deeper look at the pros and cons of software-based solutions investigating to what extent their measurements depart from hardware-based solutions. To this aim, we propose a software-based tool named PETRA that we compare with the hardware-based MONSOON toolkit on 54 Android apps. The results show that PETRA performs similarly to MONSOON despite not using any sophisticated hardware components. In fact, in all the apps the mean relative error with respect to MONSOON is lower than 0.05. Moreover, for 95% of the analyzed methods the estimation error is within 5% of the actual values measured using the hardware-based toolkit.