gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The condensin complex is required for proper spindle assembly and chromosome segregation in <i>Xenopus</i> egg extracts (2003)

Chromosome condensation is required for the physical resolution and segregation of sister chromatids during cell division, but the precise role of higher order chromatin structure in mitotic chromosome functions is unclear. Here, we address the role of the major condensation machinery, the condensin complex, in spindle assembly and function in Xenopus laevis egg extracts. Immunodepletion of condensin inhibited microtubule growth and organization around chromosomes, reducing the percentage of sperm nuclei capable of forming spindles, and causing dramatic defects in anaphase chromosome segregation. Although the motor CENP-E was recruited to kinetochores pulled poleward during anaphase, the disorganized chromosome mass was not resolved. Inhibition of condensin function during anaphase also inhibited chromosome segregation, indicating its continuous requirement. Spindle assembly around DNA-coated beads in the absence of kinetochores was also impaired upon condensin inhibition. These results support an important role for condensin in establishing chromosomal architecture necessary for proper spindle assembly and chromosome segregation.
Induction of T lymphocyte responses to a small molecular weight antigen. I. Failure to induce tolerance in azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-specific T cells in guinea pigs with an ABA conjugate of A copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (D-GL). (1975)

2,4-Dinitrophenyl (DNP) coupled to the copolymer D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (D-GL) induces B cell tolerance but not T cell tolerance. This implies either a lack of DNP determinant recognition by T cells or a substantial difference in tolerance mechanisms for the two cell types. In the present study D-GL was conjugated with the well-defined determinant azobenzenearsonate (ABA) coupled to single amino acids shown here and previously by others to trigger effectively T lymphocytes. The experiments presented here demonstrate that these ABA conjugates of D-GL, although capable of diminishing anti-ABA antibody production, completely fail to render ABA-specific T lymphocytes tolerant thus drawing us to conclude that there are significant operational differences in the mechanisms of tolerance induction in T and B lymphocytes, respectively.
Broadband phase invariant attenuator (2003)

A 6-18-GHz variable attenuator has been realized, with less than 5 degrees phase error over a 32-dB attenuation range. The approach utilizes the biphase nature of a reflection from a resistive load. With the use of quadrature couplers, the first-order errors are reduced to fourth-order terms, resulting in significant phase error improvement. Phase error gracefully degrades at higher attenuation (15 degrees at 45 dB), although attenuation becomes very sensitive to control voltage. The speed of the attenuator is limited essentially by driver circuitry, and better than 150 ns within 0.5 dB of insertion loss has been achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mass Spectrometry Imaging: A Review of Emerging Advancements and Future Insights (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMass Spectrometry Imaging: A Review of Emerging Advancements and Future InsightsAmanda Rae Buchberger†, Kellen DeLaney†, Jillian Johnson‡, and Lingjun Li*†‡View Author Information† Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States‡ School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2018, 90, 1, 240–265Publication Date (Web):November 20, 2017Publication History Published online13 December 2017Published inissue 2 January 2018https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04733https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04733review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views17318Altmetric-Citations609LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Imaging,Ionization,Mass spectrometry,Molecules,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Using butterfly keys: A performance study of pseudonym certificates requests in C-ITS (2017)

With the rise of smart cities, Cooperative intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) became one of the main use case scenarios. Within these environments, Public Key Infrastructures (PKI) represent the major solution to ensure the needed security requirements. Knowing that communications between the PKI and the vehicle stations or the Road Side Unit stations must be secure, the traditional way to request certificates is too costly in terms of execution time, computation and amount of exchanged data on the network. Besides, it exists a new scheme to request certificates called butterfly keys, which was designed in a way to optimize certificates request process. However it was also designed to fit SCMS ITS project architecture. In this work we adapt butterfly keys scheme to traditional PKI architectures. Then, we implement both of certificate requests schemes and provide a deep performance comparison. This performance comparison shows clearly the efficiency of the butterfly keys scheme over the other one.
Hemoglobin vesicles improve wound healing and tissue survival in critically ischemic skin in mice (2009)

Local hypoxia, as due to trauma, surgery, or arterial occlusive disease, may severely jeopardize the survival of the affected tissue and its wound-healing capacity. Initially developed to replace blood transfusions, artificial oxygen carriers have emerged as oxygen therapeutics in such conditions. The aim of this study was to target primary wound healing and survival in critically ischemic skin by the systemic application of left-shifted liposomal hemoglobin vesicles (HbVs). This was tested in bilateral, cranially based dorsal skin flaps in mice treated with a HbV solution with an oxygen affinity that was increased to a P(50) (partial oxygen tension at which the hemoglobin becomes 50% saturated with oxygen) of 9 mmHg. Twenty percent of the total blood volume of the HbV solution was injected immediately and 24 h after surgery. On the first postoperative day, oxygen saturation in the critically ischemic middle flap portions was increased from 23% (untreated control) to 39% in the HbV-treated animals (P < 0.05). Six days postoperatively, flap tissue survival was increased from 33% (control) to 57% (P < 0.01) and primary healing of the ischemic wound margins from 6.6 to 12.7 mm (P < 0.05) after HbV injection. In addition, higher capillary counts and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression (both P < 0.01) were found in the immunostained flap tissue. We conclude that left-shifted HbVs may ameliorate the survival and primary wound healing in critically ischemic skin, possibly mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase-induced neovascularization.
WOLBACHIA INTERACTIONS THAT DETERMINE DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER SURVIVAL (2002)

We have recently described a mutualistic symbiosis in which Wolbachia bacteria were shown to improve the fitness of some Drosophila melanogaster stocks. Wolbachia did not extend longevity in all Drosophila genotypes, even though 16s rDNA sequences indicated that our Drosophila stocks were infected with the same Wolbachia strain. Here, we use reciprocal hybrid crosses between two Drosophila strains, one that lived longer with Wolbachia (Z53) and one that did not (Z2), to investigate the inheritance of the survival phenotype and its dependence on the host genotype, sex, and mating conditions. Wolbachia's positive effects were more apparent in hybrid flies than in parental flies, ruling out exclusive maternal inheritance or the dependence of the survival phenotype on Wolbachia strain differences. The Wolbachia survival effects were more apparent in single-sex cages, where courtship and mating were not permitted. In these cages, nearly all flies with Wolbachia lived longer than uninfected flies, even though strain Z2 showed no Wolbachia effect in mixed-sex mating cages. We used comparisons between single- and mixed-sex cages to estimate the cost of reproduction for both sexes. Our data suggest that Wolbachia infection may increase the inferred cost of reproduction, particularly in males. Wolbachia can even produce a positive survival effect almost as large as the negative survival effect associated with reproduction. We discuss the implications of our experiments for the study of insect symbioses.
Initial Synchronization for 802.16e Downlink (2006)

In this paper, we propose an initial synchronization scheme for time and carrier frequency synchronization and cell identification in 802.16e OFDMA downlink. The proposed method does not require knowledge of actual transmitted preamble, but only utilizes the preamble structure and inverse Fourier transform properties to obtain time/frequency synchronization. Through simulations, we show that the proposed synchronization method is suitable in multipath as well as multicell environment. Although evaluated for IEEE 802.16e, the proposed method can also be used in other OFDM systems with similar signal properties.
Focus on diastolic dysfunction: a new approach to heart failure therapy. (1989)

1. Although heart failure is commonly associated with depressed systolic function, there is increasing evidence that impaired diastolic performance is also universally present and might be a key determinant of symptoms, physical capacity and even survival in some subsets of patients. 2. Reduced diastolic distensibility increases cardiac filling pressure not only at rest, but even more during exercise when diastolic filling time is reduced. The increases in filling pressure and diastolic wall stress lead to pulmonary congestion and subendocardial ischaemia, it also triggers myocardial hypertrophy and a detrimental remodelling of the ventricular cavity. Perhaps even more importantly, impaired ventricular distensibility limits the use of the Frank-Starling mechanism, impairing systolic pump function and cardiac output adaptation during exercise. Therapies able to improve the distensibility of the ventricle are, therefore, desirable in heart failure. 3. Nitrates, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and diuretics may indirectly increase left ventricular chamber compliance by their effects on the right side of the heart. Cardiac glycosides do not improve myocardial relaxation and may even cause diastolic contracture at toxic doses. The new beta 1-adrenoceptor partial agonist, xamoterol, on the other hand, consistently lowers left ventricular filling pressure at rest and during exercise, and produces an increase in left ventricular dynamic compliance through the direct lusitropic effect of beta 1-adrenoceptor stimulation. These beneficial effects are maintained during prolonged therapy and also appear sufficient to slow the remodelling of the ventricular cavity. The improvement in symptoms and in exercise tolerance observed during xamoterol (Corwin, Carwin, Corwil, Xamtol, ICI 118,587) therapy might, therefore, be related to the improvement in left ventricular diastolic distensibility induced by this drug.
Evolution of the glucose dehydrogenase gene in Drosophila. (1990)

The glucose dehydrogenase genes (Gld) of Drosophila melanogaster, of D. pseudoobscura, and of D. virilis have been isolated and compared with each other in order to identify conserved and divergent aspects of their structure and expression. The exon/intron structure of Gld is conserved. The Gld mRNAs are similar, with a range of 2.6-2.8 kb among the three species. All three species exhibit peaks of Gld expression during every major developmental stage, although considerable variation in the precise timing of these peaks exists between species. Interspecific gene transfer experiments demonstrate that the regulation and function of the D. pseudoobscura Gld is similar enough to the homologous gene in D. melanogaster to substitute for its essential role in the eclosion process. Comparison of the putative promoter sequences has identified both shared and divergent sequence elements which are likely responsible, respectively, for the conserved and divergent patterns of expression observed. The entire coding sequences of the pseudoobscura and melanogaster Gld genes are presented and shown to encode a 612-amino-acid pre-protein. The inferred amino acid sequences are 92% conserved between the two species. In general the intronic regions of Gld are unusually well conserved.
Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis with Infrared Heat (1986)

One hundred seventy-eight patients having cutaneous leishmaniasis were treated by exposing the largest lesion once to a source of infrared heat. This treatment provokes an immune response in the patient and allows the lesions to disappear in approximately 5-6 weeks.
Preventive Treatment of Migraine (1997)

The pharmacologic treatment of migraine may be acute (abortive, symptomatic) or preventive (prophylactic). Most migraine preventive medications were designed to treat other disorders (e.g., propranolol for hypertension, valproate for epilepsy, etc.). Preventive medication is usually given daily for months or years; however, treatment can be episodic, subacute, or chronic. The medications can be divided into two major categories: (i) Alternatives of high efficacy, which include beta-blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, and divalproex, and of lower efficacy, which include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, calcium channel antagonists, and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and (ii) second-line choices of high efficacy, which include methysergide and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. The choice of preventive treatment depends on the individual drug's efficacy and side effects, the patient's wants, needs, and response to prior treatment, and the presence of any comorbid or coexistent disease.
PATHFINDER system design (2003)

The authors describe an experimental project designed to test the feasibility of using the latest technological devices to aid the motorist in avoiding urban traffic congestion. The basic objectives are to design, install, and operate a system that will provide real-time information to motorists in their vehicles; to evaluate the driver's response to the information provided; to evaluate the utility of using vehicles as a source of information on traffic conditions; and to evaluate a computer-assisted method of combining real-time traffic information from various sources. The experiment is taking place in the Smart Corridor, a 13-mile (20 km) stretch along the Freeway between Santa Monica and downtown Los Angeles. Twenty-five vehicles, equipped with an in-vehicle navigation system using a modified Etak map display to show traffic congestion information, will be used. After a system overview, descriptions are given of the vehicle system, the central system, and the communication system, and details of the experimental evaluation are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Syntheses of Silver Nanowires in Liquid Phase (2010)

Nanowires which were defined as having at least two dimensions between 1 and 100 nm, have received a great interest due to their unique optical, electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties with dimensionality and size confinement The intrinsic properties of nanowires are mainly determined by its size and composition. In order to study the size dependent properties, it is the crucial task to synthesize size-controlled nanowires. Among all these nanowires, the synthesis of silver (Ag) nanowires has been and continues to be an area of active research due to the high electrical and thermal conductivities of bulk silver, which is an important material in many fields. Moreover, silver nanowires have also been used as sacrificial templates to generate other nanostructures such as gold nanotubes, which are difficult to be fabricated The research progress in synthesis strategy is mandated by advancements in all areas of industry and technology. In the past ten years, owing to the efforts from many research groups, splendid strategies were developed for the synthesis of Ag nanowires with various levels of control over the growth parameters. These synthetics strategies have been conveniently categorized into vapor phase approaches and liquid phase growth approaches. Vapor phase approaches mainly utilize physical methods such as an electronic-beam. Limited by the space of the chapter, we lay a strong emphasis on the introduction of liquid phase synthesis of Ag nanowires. Liquid phase syntheses were most widely used because these approaches have the advantages of nature of homogeneous reaction, wide range of solvents, simple monitoring technology, and low cost. In this article, we review some current research activities that center on Ag nanowires. Representative techniques are discussed and supply a basic understanding of the methods and mechanisms for preparing Ag nanowires.
A novel x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the Al/SiO2 interface (1985)

We report on the first nondestructive measurement of the chemical and physical characteristics of the interface between bulk SiO2 and thick aluminum films. Both x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrical measurements of unannealed, resistively evaporated Al films on thermal SiO2 indicate an atomically abrupt interface. Post metallization annealing (PMA) at 450 °C induces reduction of the SiO2 by the aluminum, at a rate consistent with the bulk reaction rate. The XPS measurement is performed from the SiO2 side after the removal of the Si substrate with XeF2 gas and thinning of the SiO2 layer with HF:ETOH. This represents a powerful new approach to the study of metal-insulator and related interfaces.
Implementation of an Active Suspension, Preview Controller for Improved Ride Comfort (2002)

A fully active suspension and preview control is utilized to improve ride comfort, which allows increased travelling speed over rough terrain. Previous research is extended and the relevant implementation issues are addressed. Specifically, the methodology of model predictive control has been applied to explicitly address suspension saturation constraints, suspension rate limits, and other system non-linearities. For comparison, the following non-preview controllers were implemented: a skyhook damping controller, a linear quadratic regulator, and a mock passive suspension controller. Particular attention is given to the hydraulic actuator force controller that tracks commands generated by higher-level controllers. The complete system has been successfully realized on a US military high-mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV) using a commercially available microprocessor platform. Experimental results show that the power absorbed by the driver is decreased by more than half, significantly improving ride comfort.
Robust estimation of multiple surface shapes from occluded textures (2002)

This paper examines the problem of estimating surface shape from texture in situations in which there are multiple textures present due to texture discontinuities, occlusion, and pseudo-transparency (for example looking through a picket fence at a textured surface). Previous shape-from-texture methods that use changes in the spatial frequency representation of neighboring image patches assume that only a single texture is present in each of the patches. The authors extend these approaches to situations in which multiple textures may be present. The authors provide a theoretical analysis of the multiple texture problem and the effect of the texture discontinuities, occlusion, etc. on the spatial frequency representation. The authors also present an algorithm, using robust mixture models, for recovering multiple surface shapes from occluded textures. The method performs well on real and synthetic images with results which are comparable to that of shape from texture with only one texture.
Non-Uniform Image Compression Using Biologically Motivated Saliency Map Model (2005)

We propose a new non-uniform image compression using a biologically motivated selective attention model for effective storage and transmission of natural images. One of the important issues in non-uniform image compression is to decide on a meaningful region according to a purpose. The proposed saliency map model can generate a scan path that contains plausible interesting objects in a natural scene. The proposed non-uniform image compression method uses the saliency map results, which differently compress the selected interesting areas and the uninteresting areas by a lossless coding algorithm and lossy compression, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed non-uniform compression method gives better peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) but slightly decreases the compression ratio.
Short-wavelength intersubband transitions down to 1.6 μm in ZnSe/BeTe type-II superlattices (2001)

We report photoinduced electron intersubband absorption in ZnSe/BeTe type-II superlattices. The wavelength of the intersubband transition as short as 1.6 μm, covering the 1.55 μm optical communication wavelengths within its absorption band width (∼250 nm), is achieved in the ZnSe/BeTe SLs with 4.5 ML-thick ZnSe layers. The intensity in photoinduced intersubband absorption increases sublinearly with pump intensity, reflecting the characteristic recombination processes of electron-hole pairs in a heterostructure with type-II band alignment.
Research progress on a focal plane array ladar system using chirped amplitude modulation (2003)

The Army Research Laboratory is researching a focal plane array (FPA) ladar architecture that is applicable for smart munitions, reconnaissance, face recognition, robotic navigation, etc.. Here we report on progress and test results attained over the past year related to the construction of a 32x32 pixel FPA ladar laboratory breadboard. The near-term objective of this effort is to evaluate and demonstrate an FPA ladar using chirped amplitude modulation; knowledge gained will then be used to build a field testable version with a larger array format. The ladar architecture achieves ranging based on a frequency modulation/continuous wave technique implemented by directly amplitude modulating a near-IR diode laser transmitter with a radio frequency (rf) subcarrier that is linearly frequency modulated (chirped amplitude modulation). The diode's output is collected and projected to form an illumination field in the downrange image area. The returned signal is focused onto an array of optoelectronic mixing, metal-semiconductor-metal detectors where it is detected and mixed with a delayed replica of the laser modulation signal that modulates the responsivity of each detector. The output of each detector is an intermediate frequency (IF) signal resulting from the mixing process whose frequency is proportional to the target range. This IF signal is continuously sampled over a period of the rf modulation. Following this, a signal processor calculates the discrete fast Fourier transform over the IF waveform in each pixel to establish the ranges and amplitudes of all scatterers.