gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-attribute tradeoff analysis applied to long-term generation planning (1993)

Multiple attribute trade-off analysis (MATOFA) is a powerful tool which assesses all issues of interest in planning and decision making processes and provides the quality data required by an expert advisory group in its role as decision maker. All options, issues, attributes and uncertainties used in the process are defined by the advisory group. Analytical software such as EPRI's EGEAS (Electric Generation Expansion Analysis System), then allows objectives to be traded-off against each other by performing detailed quantitative/numerical analysis of the effects of the various planning strategies. The application of MATOFA to long-term generation planning is discussed and illustrated by a simple example. >
Synthesis and Electroluminescence Properties of Novel Main Chain Poly(<i>p</i>-phenylenevinylene)s Possessing Pendant Phenylazomethine Dendrons as Metal Ligation Sites (2004)

Novel poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s with a dendritic phenylazomethine (DPA-PPVs) were synthesized via the Heck reaction by initially complexing with rare-earth-metal ions, by filling up the coordination trap site of dendritic phenylazomethine (DPA) as the catalyst. The physical properties of the DPA-PPVs were evaluated. The solution, thermal, and optical properties affected by the various contents and generation of the DPA were investigated. DPA-PPV with the lower content and a smaller generation number showed the longest absorption and fluorescence maximum wavelength based on a relatively planar structure and a longer conjugation length. These polymers successfully assemble metal ions on their imine site supported by the spectral change similar to their monomeric model compounds. Two types of electroluminescent (EL) devices were fabricated: (I) ITO/PEDOT/DPA-PPV/Alq/CsF/Al; (II) ITO/PEDOT/DPA-PPV/TAZ/Alq/CsF/Al, where Alq (tris-8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum) acts as an electron transport layer (ETL) and TAZ (3,5-bis(tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyltriazole) acts as a hole-blocking layer. In both devices, the luminescence from DPA-PPV was observed with a lower generation and a smaller amount of the DPA unit (3a), as explained by its physical properties. For the type II device with 3a, the emission from DPA-PPV, the lower driving voltage and enhanced efficiency were followed by simply complexing with a very small amount of SnCl2. On the other hand, for 3b, the emission from Alq, not from DPA-PPV, was enhanced by the complexation, and 3b-SnCl2 mainly acts as a hole transport layer with the enhanced hole injection and recombination into the Alq layer, which could not be completely blocked because of the enhanced hole transport property of the DPA unit.
Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics of (Bi<sub>1/2</sub>Na<sub>1/2</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub>–1/2(Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·Sc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) System (1997)

Bismuth sodium titanate, (Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 )TiO 3 (BNT)-based solid solution, (1- x )(Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 )TiO 3 – x 1/2(Bi 2 O 3 ·Sc 2 O 3 ) [BNST-100 x ], was studied in order to determine its dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties as a new group of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. Measurements of dielectric and piezoelectric properties show that the BNST-100 x ceramics of composition near BNT composition have relatively low free permittivity, ε 33 T / ε 0 (=431) and high electromechanical coupling factor, k 33 (=0.42). These ceramics are good candidates for use as lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.
Genome-scale genotype-phenotype matching of two Lactococcus lactis plant isolates identifies adaptation mechanisms to the plant niche (2007)

Lactococcus lactis is a primary constituent of many starter cultures used for the manufacturing of fermented dairy products, but the species also occurs in various non-dairy niches such as (fermented) plant material. Three genome sequences of L. lactis dairy strains (IL1403, SK11, MG1363) are publicly available. An extensive molecular and phenotypic diversity analysis was now performed on two L. lactis plant isolates. Diagnostic sequencing of their genomes resulted in over 2.5 Mb sequence for each strain. A high synteny was found with the genome of L. lactis IL1403, which was used as a template for contig mapping and locating deletions and insertions in the plant L. lactis genomes. Numerous genes were identified that do not have homologs in the published genome sequences of dairy L. lactis strains. Adaptation to growth on substrates derived from plant cell walls is evident from the presence of gene sets for the degradation of complex plant polymers such as xylan, arabinan, glucans and fructans, but also for the uptake and conversion of typical plant cell-wall degradation products such as alpha-galactosides, beta-glucosides, arabinose, xylose, galacturonate, glucuronate, and gluconate. Further niche-specific differences are found in genes for defense (nisin biosynthesis), stress response (non-ribosomal peptide synthesis, various transporters) and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis, as well as the expected differences in various mobile elements such as prophages, plasmids, R-M systems and IS elements. Many of these genes were identified for the first time in Lactococcus lactis. In most cases good correspondence was found with the phenotypic characteristics of these two strains.
Ion projection lithography machine IPLM-01: A new tool for sub-0.5-micron modification of materials (1986)

An ion projection lithography machine uses ions as the information carrier in a demagnifying step-and-repeat exposure system. With an IPLM sub-0.2-micron resolution can be obtained combined with an extremely high depth of focus—more than 100 μm. The use of a reliable and stable duoplasmatron ion source with high brightness and high angular current density is significant for this machine. A preprojective lens octupole permits an electrostatic shift of the ion image in x and y directions, and a solenoid at this site enables a rotation of the ion image through the action of the axial magnetic field. Furthermore, the scale of the projected ion image can be adjusted electronically within ±3%. Thus fine adjustment for die-by-die alignment can be done without mechanical movements. An ion projection lithography machine IPLM-01 with a total height of 2.5 m and a floor space of 2 m2 has been built. By inserting a mask consisting of a grid of pinholes an ion multibeam scanning tool (IMBS) is generated. Using demagnifying projection an IMBS enables the production of gratings with sub-0.2-μm periodicity and adjusted scale.
Cloud radar (2014)

Cloud infrastructures are designed to share physical resources among many different tenants while ensuring overall security and tenant isolation. The complexity of dynamically changing and growing cloud environments, as well as insider attacks, can lead to misconfigurations that ultimately result in security failures. The detection of these misconfigurations and subsequent failures is a crucial challenge for cloud providers---an insurmountable challenge without tools.
The ultrastructural, histochemical, and biochemical development of the post-fertilization megagametophyte and the zygotic embryo of <i>Pseudotsuga</i><i>menziesii</i> (1993)

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) megagametophyte and embryo development were studied from fertilization until seed maturity, a period of about 71 days. The most important morphogenetic events occurred during the first 43 days. During this time lipid bodies and protein bodies increased rapidly in the megagametophyte. Lipids, proteins, and starch became evident in the embryo toward the end of the morphogenetic phase. The subsequent embryo maturation phase showed slight increases in size and number of megagametophyte lipid bodies and protein bodies, as well as an increase in protein body complexity. Later, in the mature seed, lipids and proteins were distributed uniformly in the megagametophyte. Starch was abundant in some regions of the embryo but not abundant in the megagametophyte. In mature seeds soluble sugars made up 2 and 3%, proteins 16 and 11%, and lipids 60 and 45% of the megagametophyte and embryo dry weight, respectively. Histochemical and ultrastructural observations confirmed these amounts of lipids and proteins and showed their distribution in megagametophytes and embryos during development.
Zonal centrifuge purification of human rabies vaccine obtained on bovine fetal kidney cells. Biological results. (1978)

An inactivated human rabies vaccine prepared on bovine fetal kidney cells is concentrated and purified by zonal centrifugation. The peak of rabies particles is monitored by hemagglutination. Immunogenicity of the purified particles was evaluated by titration of specific antibodies from vaccinated animals. Protective activity of the vaccine was assayed on guinea pigs challenged with street rabies. Biological results were compared with those obtained with other tissue culture vaccines.
LMR and LTE for Public Safety in 700 MHz Spectrum (2019)

This paper presents a concise overview of current public safety communication networks known as LMR (Land Mobile Radio) and emerging LTE- (Long-Term Evolution-) based broadband public safety networks to be deployed in the 700 MHz band. A broadband nationwide network for public safety based on LTE is inevitable where shared or dedicated types of LTE-based public safety networks are possible. Current LTE services do not meet mission-critical requirements and several enhancements have been defined by 3GPP to address this in Releases 12 and 13. First responders are familiar with LMR and consider it to be a reliable technology with massive deployment everywhere. Therefore, it is expected that LMR will continue to exist alongside any new LTE-based broadband public safety network. Recent LTE releases (particularly Release 15) addressed the LMR-LTE interoperability issue and described comprehensive interworking facilities. New and upcoming features and services of LTE in Releases 14 and 15, such as mission-critical data, mission-critical video, and aerial user equipments, are also directly applicable to public safety. The paper endeavours to provide a quick yet meaningful review of all these issues. It also offers a look ahead at the new and rapidly advancing virtualization technologies, such as software-defined radio access network, and radio access network slicing, as enablers for future public safety networks.
Respiration and soluble sugar metabolism in sugar pine embryos (1988)

Embroys excised from dormant seeds of sugar pine ( Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) incubated at 25°C (non‐dormancy‐breaking) or stratified at 5°C (dormancy‐breaking) were analyzed to determine temperature effects on the relative activities of respiration and fermentative metabolism, the levels of soluble sugers and the activities of the hydrolytic enzymes, invertase and sucrose synthase, as related to the release of dormancy and germinatio. At 25°C, despite a sharp drop in embryo oxygen uptake after 48 h, a simultaneous decline in acetaldehyde and ethanol concentrations indicated that there was not a shift to fermentative metabolism. The concentrations of soluble sugars showed no treatment effects. Embryo invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) activity changed only slightly at either temperature, while stratification was accompanied by a 4‐fold increase in sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) activity (cleavage direction). Upon transfer of stratified seeds to 25°C, embryo sucrose synthase activity rapidly increased almost 10‐fold, with the increase beginning prior to germination, while mvertase activity increased 20‐fold, concomitant with germination.
Aggregation‐induced Emission (AIE)‐active Starburst Triarylamine Fluorophores as Potential Non‐doped Red Emitters for Organic Light‐emitting Diodes and Cl<sub>2</sub> Gas Chemodosimeter (2007)

Abstract A new series of starburst triarylamine fluorophores SBCHO, DBCHO, CZCHO, CZCN, and SBCN, that incorporate diphenylamine or carbazole as the electron donor and dicyanovinyl or aldehyde as the electron acceptor, has been prepared and their photophysical properties are investigated. In sharp contrast to most red‐emitting dopants, which show serious aggregation‐caused quench phenomena, the new starburst triphenylamine derivatives reported here show unique enhanced emission in the solid state or upon aggregation. Organic light emitting diodes using these compounds as non‐doped host emitters and hole transporters have been fabricated. The highest external quantum yield reaches 2.09 % for CZCHO. SBCHO was investigated as a chlorine gas fluorescence (FL) solid‐film sensor for the first time. The high‐intensity emission was ‘turned off' immediately after being blown by Cl 2 gas.
Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Sensor for Calibration Free Humidity Measurements in Pure Methane and Low CO<sub>2</sub> Natural Gas (2016)

We report a new direct tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (dTDLAS) sensor for absolute measurements of H<sub>2</sub>O in methane, ethane, propane, and low CO<sub>2</sub> natural gas. The sensor is operated with a 2.7 µm DFB laser, equipped with a high pressure single pass gas cell, and used to measure H<sub>2</sub>O amount of substance fractions in the range of 0.31-25 000 µmol/mol. Operating total gas pressures are up to 5000 hPa. The sensor has been characterized, addressing the traceability of the spectrometric results to the SI and the evaluation of the combined uncertainty, following the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). The relative reproducibility of H<sub>2</sub>O amount of substance fraction measurements at 87 µmol/mol is 0.26% (0.23 µmol/mol). The maximum precision of the sensor was determined using a H<sub>2</sub>O in methane mixture, and found to be 40 nmol/mol for a time resolution of 100 s. This corresponds to a normalized detection limit of 330 nmol mol<sup>-1</sup>·m Hz<sup>-1/2</sup>. The relative combined uncertainty of H<sub>2</sub>O amount fraction measurements delivered by the sensor is 1.2%.
Dendritic cells: immunological features and utilisation for tumour immunotherapy (2001)

The prospect of developing 'magic bullets' to attack tumour cells has been a goal of biologists for decades. Abundant experimental and clinical observations demonstrating that an effective specific immune response may engender tumour regression has prompted efforts to find an immunotherapeutic approach to this problem. The most important arm of cellular immunity for such responses appears to be cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) which can recognise antigen on virtually all cell types and which are key to the elimination of virally-infected cells. The specific activation and maintenance of activity of these cells is therefore the major goal of designing a therapeutic cancer vaccine. Advances in our understanding of the role of dendritic cells (DC) in priming and modifying immune responses suggest that they should be potent adjuvants for vaccination. The use of antigens targeted to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules expressed on these cells as an approach to tumour immunotherapy has already been tested in the treatment of many malignancies, and recent findings shed light on additional directions through which their efficacy may be improved.
New Environmental Theories: Empathizing With Nature: The Effects ofPerspective Taking on Concern for Environmental Issues (2000)

In this article, I propose that concern for environmental problems is fundamentally linked to the degree to which people view themselves as part of the natural environment. Two studies are reported that test aspects of this theory. The first study describes the structure of people's concern for environmental problems. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis showed a clear three‐factor structure, which I labeled egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric. A second study examined the effects of a perspective‐takingmanipulation on egoistic, social‐altruistic, and biospheric environmental concerns. Results showed that participants instructed to take the perspective of an animal being harmed by pollution scored significantly higher in biospheric environmental concerns than participants instructed to remain objective.
A Route to Highly Functionalized β-Enaminoesters via a Domino Ring-Opening Cyclization/Decarboxylative Tautomerization Sequence of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Substituted Malononitriles (2014)

An unprecedented and domino synthetic strategy for the synthesis of highly functionalized carbocyclic β-enaminoesters bearing an all-carbon quaternary center via Yb(OTf)3-catalyzed ring-opening cyclization/decarboxylative tautomerization of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with 2-alkyl malononitriles in excellent yields is described. The products are obtained as a single diastereomer in most cases where the nitrile and aryl groups are aligning in a cis orientation across the ring.
Parallel and distributed incremental attribute evaluation algorithms for multiuser software development environments (1993)

The problem of change propagation in multiuser software development environments distributed across a local-area network is addressed. The program is modeled as an attributed parse tree segmented among multiple user processes and changes are modeled as subtree replacements requested asynchronously by individual users. Change propagation is then implemented using decentralized incremental evaluation of an attribute grammar that defines the static semantic properties of the programming language. Building up to our primary result, we first present algorithms that support parallel evaluation on a centralized tree in response to single edits using a singe editing cursor and multiple edits with multiple editing cursors. Then we present our algorithm for parallel evaluation on a decentralized tree. We also present a protocol to guarantee reliability of the evaluation algorithm as components of the decentralized tree become unavailable due to failures and return to availability.
An online recursive ICA based real-time multichannel EEG system on chip design with automatic eye blink artifact rejection (2013)

This paper presents an online recursive ICA (ORICA) based real-time multi-channel EEG system on chip design with automatic eye blink artifact rejection. Since EEG signals are very feeble, they are easy to be contaminated by artifacts. Among all artifacts, eye blink artifact dose the most significant harm to EEG signals. For acquiring artifact free EEG signals, ICA is a popular method for artifacts extraction. After extraction of ICA, eye blink artifacts are rejected to improve the reliability of EEG applications such as brain computer interfaces (BCIs). To promote the feasibility and convenience of BCIs, a real-time ICA algorithm, ORICA, is adopted in this system. With ORICA, the system immediately finishes each ICA result after each sample time. After each ICA result is generated, the automatic eye blink artifact rejection and inverse ICA are performed to acquire eye blink artifact free EEG signals in realtime. For system portability and high integration, a front-end interface of commercial IC, ADS1298 provided by TI, and Bluetooth interface, UART, are implemented. The system is designed used TSMC 90nm CMOS technology with 8 channels EEG processing in 128 Hz sample rate of raw data and consumes 8.56 mW at 50 MHz clock rate. The design methods of the proposed EEG system are provided in this paper. The performance and processing results of the system are also shown to reach 0.2532 s latency after each EEG sample time.
Versatile Fabrication of Complex Shaped Metal Oxide Nano-Microstructures and Their Interconnected Networks for Multifunctional Applications (2014)

Metal oxide nano-microstructures are applied in photocatalytic surfaces, sensors or biomedical engineering, proving the versatile utilization of nanotechnology. However, more complex or interconnected nano-microstructures are still seldomly met in practical applications, although they are of higher interest, due to enhanced structural, electronic and piezoelectric properties, as well as several complex biomedical effects, like antiviral characteristics. Here we attempt to present an overview of the novel, facile and cost-efficient flame transport synthesis (FTS) which allows controlled growth of different nano-microstructures and their interconnected networks in a scalable process. Various morphologies of nano-microstructures synthesized by FTS and its variants are demonstrated. These nano-microstructures have shown potential applications in different fields and the most relevant are reviewed here. Fabrication, growth mechanisms and properties of such large and highly porous three-dimensional (3D) interconnected networks of metal oxides (ZnO, SnO2, Fe2O3) nano-microstructures including carbon based aerographite material using FTS approaches are discussed along with their potential applications.
Investigation of Antimicrobial Activities of Indole-3-Aldehyde Hydrazide/Hydrazone Derivatives (2008)

The results may be instructive to researchers attempting to gain more understanding of the antimicrobial activity of indole hydrazide/hydrazone-type compounds.
Polylactide (PLA)-based amphiphilic block copolymers: synthesis, self-assembly, and biomedical applications (2011)

Polylactide (PLA) and its copolymers are one type of hydrophobic aliphatic polyester based on hydroxyalkanoic acids. They possess exceptional qualities: biocompatibility; FDA approval for clinical use; biodegradability by enzyme and hydrolysis under physiological conditions; low immunogenicity; and good mechanical properties. These critical properties have facilitated their value as sutures, implants for bone fixation, drug delivery vehicles, and tissue engineering scaffolds in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. However, the hydrophobicity of PLA and its copolymers remains concerns for further biological and biomedical applications. One promising approach is to design and synthesize well-controlled PLA-based amphiphilic block copolymers (ABPs); typical hydrophilic copolymers include poly(meth)acrylates, poly(ethylene glycol), polypeptides, polysaccharides, and polyurethanes. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis and self-assembly of PLA-containing ABPs and their bio-related applications including drug delivery and imaging platforms of self-assembled nanoparticles, and tissue engineering of crosslinked hydrogels.