gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated ageing of the lung in COPD: new concepts (2015)

The rise in life expectancy worldwide has been accompanied by an increased incidence of age-related diseases, representing an enormous burden on healthcare services and society. All vital organs lose function with age, and this is well described in the lung, with a progressive decline in pulmonary function after the age of about 25 years. The lung ages, like any other organ, with progressive functional impairment and reduced capacity to respond to environmental stresses and injury. Normal physiological ageing results in enlarged alveolar spaces and loss of lung elasticity in the elderly known as 'senile emphysema', whereas in COPD there is destruction of the alveolar walls and fibrosis of peripheral airways. However, COPD shows striking age-associated features, such as an increase in cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, increased oxidative stress, alteration in the extracellular matrix and a reduction in endogenous antiageing molecules and protective pathways such as autophagy. In this review we discuss the evidence showing how oxidative stress induces accelerated ageing by upregulating the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin signalling pathway resulting in depletion of stem cells, defective autophagy, reduced antioxidant responses and defective mitochondrial function thus generating further oxidative stress. Understanding the mechanisms of accelerated ageing in COPD may identify novel therapeutic approaches.
Human complement component C4. Structural studies on the fragments derived from C4b by cleavage with C3b inactivator (1981)

1. One of the activation products of C4, C4b, was prepared, and the reactive thiol group on the alpha'-chain was radioactively labelled with iodo[2-14C]acetic acid. The alpha'-chain was isolated and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the first 13 residues was determined. 2. C4b was cleaved by C3bINA in the presence of C4b-binding protein and C4d and C4c isolated. The radioactive label and therefore the reactive thiol group were located to C4d. 3. C4c was reduced and alkylated and the two alpha'-chain fragments of C4c were separated. 3. The molecular weights, amino acid analyses and carbohydrate content of the three alpha'-chain fragments were determined. C4d has a mol.wt. of 44500 and a carbohydrate content of 6%. The two alpha'-chain fragments of C4c have mol.wts. of 25000 (alpha 3) and 12000 (alpha 4) and carbohydrate contents of 10 and 22% respectively. 4. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of C4d, the alpha 3 and the alpha 4 fragments were determined for 18, 24 and 11 residues respectively and, by comparison with the N-terminal sequence of the C4b alpha'-chain, the 25000-mol.wt. fragment (alpha 3) was shown to be derived from the N-terminal part of the alpha'-chain. 5. C-Terminal analyses were done on the alpha'-chain and its three fragments. Arginine was found to be the C-terminal residue of C4d and of the alpha 3 fragment. The C-terminal residue of the alpha'-chain and of the alpha 4 fragment could not be identified. The order of the three fragments of the alpha'-chain is therefore: alpha 3(25000)--C4d(44500)--alpha 4(12000). The specificity of C3bINA is for an Arg--Xaa peptide bond.
Mechanism of Fire‐Induced Water Repellency in Soil (1974)

Abstract Organic soil litter collected under Manzanita ( Arctostaphylos sp.) was burned over a sand column. Ottawa sand was used in the column. Temperatures were monitored by means of thermocouples in the litter layer, at the sand surface, and 1 cm deep in the sand. Two basic types of experiments were conducted. In one type the burned litter layer was allowed to remain on the sand until cool. In the other type, the burned litter layer was removed immediately after the burning period. This second type of experiment was conducted to prevent heat moving into the sand from the litter after burning. The results showed that the maximum temperatures reached in the sand, and the water repellency produced in the sand, were lower in the experiment where the burned litter layer was removed. The substances causing the water repellency in the 0 to 1‐cm depth were also more subject to extraction in the experiment where the litter layer was removed. The organic carbon content of the sand was quite similar in both experiments. When a recently ground quartz sand was used in the sand column, the substances causing water repellency were extractable. The fractionation of the extracted substances showed that the polarity of the molecules of the substances causing water repellency decreased with depth in the sand. Heating studies on three individual fractions indicated differences in volatility among the fractions. The chemistry of the substances in two fractions was altered by heating 20 min at 300C. The primary conclusions of the study were that the primary movement of organic substances from the burning litter layer into the underlying sand occurs during the fire. After the burning, heat moves down through the underlying sand “fixing” some of the more polar hydrophobic substances and revolatilizing the less polar substances, thereby broadening the water‐repellent layer. The temperature required for the “fixing” and the revolatilization appears to be greater than 250C.
Laser frequency sweep linearization by iterative learning pre-distortion for FMCW LiDAR (2019)

We report on a laser frequency sweep linearization method by iterative learning pre-distortion for frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems. A pre-distorted laser drive voltage waveform that results in a linear frequency sweep is obtained by an iterative learning controller, and then applied to the FMCW LiDAR system. We have also derived a fundamental figure of merit for the maximum residual nonlinearity needed to achieve the transform-limited range resolution. This method is experimentally tested using a commercial vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and a distributed feedback (DFB) laser, achieving less than 0.005% relative residual nonlinearity of frequency sweep. With the proposed method, high-performance FMCW LiDAR systems can be realized without expensive linear lasers, complex linearization setups, or heavy post-processing.
A CMOS line equalizer for a digital subscriber loop (1984)

An adaptive line equalizer for a 200-kb/s digital subscriber loop is developed in the form of a monolithic LSI and implemented using 2.5-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Most analog portions consist of switched-capacitor circuits successfully designed to minimize power consumption, the amount of hardware, and off-chip components. The main features of the LSI equalizer are an /spl radic/f step equalizer, a five-tap decision-feedback equalizer using /spl Delta/M D/A conversion, a newly developed wave difference method (WDM), tankless timing extraction PLL, and a line driver. Consequently, the LSI can equalize a 52-dB line loss with four bridge taps; it dissipates only 67 mW, and the chip area is 5.7/spl times/5.9 mm/SUP 2/.
Sugar-induced increases in trehalose 6-phosphate are correlated with redox activation of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase and higher rates of starch synthesis in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2006)

Tre6P (trehalose 6-phosphate) is implicated in sugar-signalling pathways in plants, but its exact functions in vivo are uncertain. One of the main obstacles to discovering these functions is the difficulty of measuring the amount of Tre6P in plant tissues. We have developed a highly specific assay, using liquid chromatography coupled to MS-Q3 (triple quadrupole MS), to measure Tre6P in the femto-picomole range. The Tre6P content of sucrose-starved Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in axenic culture increased from 18 to 482 pmol x g(-1) FW (fresh weight) after adding sucrose. Leaves from soil-grown plants contained 67 pmol x g(-1) FW at the end of the night, which rose to 108 pmol x g(-1)FW after 4 h of illumination. Even greater changes in Tre6P content were seen after a 6 h extension of the dark period, and in the starchless mutant, pgm. The intracellular concentration of Tre6P in wild-type leaves was estimated to range from 1 to 15 microM. It has recently been reported that the addition of Tre6P to isolated chloroplasts leads to redox activation of AGPase (ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase) [Kolbe, Tiessen, Schluepmann, Paul, Ulrich and Geigenberger (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 11118-11123]. Using the new assay for Tre6P, we found that rising sugar levels in plants are accompanied by increases in the level of Tre6P, redox activation of AGPase and the stimulation of starch synthesis in vivo. These results indicate that Tre6P acts as a signalling metabolite of sugar status in plants, and support the proposal that Tre6P mediates sucrose-induced changes in the rate of starch synthesis.
The Vulpe Assessment Battery and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales: (1994)

The purpose of this study was to determine concurrent validity of the gross motor sections (GM) of the Vulpe Assessment Battery for the Atypical Handicapped Child (VAB) a compared to the Peabody De...
The Stochastic Gabor Function Enhances Bandwidth In Finite-Difference-Time Domain $S$-Parameter Estimation (2007)

This paper introduces the stochastic Gabor function, an excitation waveform that can be used for finite-difference time-domain S-parameter estimation. The stochastic Gabor function is a Gaussian function modulated by uniformly distributed noise; it has wide frequency spectrum representation regardless of the stimuli pulse length. The stochastic Gabor function was studied in the time-frequency domain and was compared to Gaussian and Gabor stimuli functions with the same length. As shown by frequency concentration measurements, the stochastic Gabor function is least compact in the sample frequency phase plane. Numerical results obtained by using a multilayer stripline indicate that the stochastic Gabor function provides convergence and stability similar to those provided by the Gabor and Gaussian functions, but produces a much wider frequency band response when used as a pointwise hard voltage source stimulus
刑事司法的比较研究——印度的搜查和没收、讯问及指认嫌疑人 (1983)

导言当美国公众对执法人员往往是有时尊敬、有时憎恶,处于一种又爱又恨的关系时,印度人却总是对他们的警察持否定的态度。这种深刻的、经常性的不信任有其历史原因:印度警察曾长期忠实地支持英国统治者。而且,由于即使从印度的标准来看,警察的薪金也很微薄(实际上,在城市地区,免费住房就是招募警察的一项主要刺激),因而贪污公然盛行。印度的法律赋予警察有限的权力,反映出公民对警察的轻视。警察的基本职能是:当他
Boron carbide composite apertures for small-angle neutron scattering made by three-dimensional printing (2016)

Apertures for small-angle neutron scattering prepared from a boron carbide/polymer composite have been made by three-dimensional printing using fused filament fabrication. Use of enriched 10 B 4 C gives higher absorption and much lower parasitic scattering than natural B 4 C. The simple fabrication, the capability to replace toxic and environmentally hazardous materials such as cadmium, and the possibility to diminish the secondary background of γ-radiation are attractive features of use of these materials. Complex shapes, apart from apertures, can be fabricated readily with this composite, for example, to make shielding for instrument components and masks used to calibrate detectors.
A Mechanistic Study on the Reaction of Iminothiadiazolines with Activated Acetylenes: Competitive Pathway through Hypervalent Sulfurane and Zwitterion (1989)

Abstract The reaction of 3-aryl-5-benzoyl-2-imino-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (6) with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (4b) gave the corresponding thiazole (8) and benzoyl cyanide through sulfurane (B) by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and cis- (9) and trans-vinyl (10) compounds through zwitterion (C) by simple addition. Two types of addition reactions competed each other and the ratio of the two [R=B/C] depended solely on the solvent polarity (ET). Dibenzoylacetylene behaved similarly. Several iminothiazolines and iminothiadiazolines reacted with activated acetylenes and the selectivity for the two types of addition reactions for each system was shown to be affected by quite subtle balance of electron-withdrawing ability of each heterocycle.
Cells and Signaling in Oligodendrocyte Development (2002)

The myelin-synthesizing oligodendrocyte is compromised in many neuropathological diseases, including demyelinating diseases (e.g. multiple sclerosis), metabolic diseases (e.g. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher), infectious diseases (e.g. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy), neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. multisystem degeneration), and possibly neoplasms (e.g. oligodendrogliomas). Understanding the development of the oligodendrocyte has important implications for both the pathogenesis of these diseases and also potential therapy. Over the past 20 yr, research in oligodendrocyte development has delineated a pathway from progenitors to mature oligodendrocytes. In fact, the oligodendrocyte has served as a model for lineage development in part due to the identification of specific phenotypic stages during maturation. From this has come the identification of numerous signaling molecules that instruct oligodendrocyte development. More recently, transgenic and targeted mutagenesis studies have begun to identify new factors involved in oligodendrocyte development and have questioned some of the older observations. This review will attempt to update the current state of research on the progression of the oligodendrocyte lineage.

Oligodendrocytes develop from proliferating precursor cells migrating out of germinal zones in the brain and spinal cord. When the cells reach their final destination in the brain parenchyma, they become postmitotic, extend processes, and begin to synthesize the components of myelin as extensions of their plasma membranes. In most animals, this occurs relatively late in CNS development during late embryonic and early postnatal life, after neurons and astrocytes are formed. This myelin forms an insulating sheath around axons, serving dual functions in the nervous system. Historically, myelin was recognized as critical because it facilitates rapid propagation of nervous impulses through very small spaces, thus permitting axons to be of small caliber (1). More recently, myelin has been found to modulate axonal structure and support axonal integrity, as well (2).

The oligodendrocyte has become a model CNS cell type for the study of lineage development due …
CICS and Enterprise JavaBeans (2001)

IBM is supporting Enterprise JavaBeans™ (EJB) across its application server products. Together with related Java™ technologies, EJB provides a standard programming model and set of services across major server platforms. This paper presents an overview of the EJB architecture and describes the technical strategy and design approach for the EJB capability that is being delivered in the latest release of the Customer Information Control System (CICS®). It explores why CICS customers want to use enterprise Java technology, identifies some critical success factors for the CICS support of EJB, and explains its architecture in terms of a portable EJB container executing within the existing CICS run-time infrastructure, focusing on aspects such as transaction management, Java virtual machine reuse, and workload management. Application development tooling is then discussed, together with the strategy for exploiting tools such as VisualAge® for Java. Finally, the paper con siders future work and challenges for CICS in this area.
New Multiple Somatic Mutations in the <i>RET</i> Proto-oncogene Associated with a Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (2006)

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) occurs mostly as a sporadic tumor or in connection with inherited cancer syndromes-multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) types 2A and 2B and familial MTC. Germline mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are found in most of the familial cases. Somatic mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are detected in 23%-69% of patients with sporadic MTC. The most frequent somatic mutation is Met918Thr in exon 16 and only a small percentage of mutations in other RET exons have been observed. In a very few cases double mutations were found. Genetic screening for somatic mutations in RET exons 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, and 16 in Czech patients with sporadic MTC was carried out by DNA sequencing. This study presents a new triplesomatic mutation Gly911Asp, Met918Thr, and Glu921Lys in exon 16 of the RET proto-oncogene detected in an 18-year-old Czech male patient. In the second case, a new double-somatic mutation Val591Ile in exon 10 with a concomitant somatic mutation Met918Thr in exon 16 was found in a 77-year-old Czech female patient. These both newly described somatic multiple mutations were revealed in a hemizygous status, the loss of heterozygosity in tumor tissues in comparison with germline DNA was confirmed.
The Maize <i>Golden2</i> Gene Defines a Novel Class of Transcriptional Regulators in Plants (2001)

In the C4 plant maize, three photosynthetic cell types differentiate: C4 bundle sheath, C4 mesophyll, and C3 mesophyll cells. C3 mesophyll cells represent the ground state, whereas C4 bundle sheath and C4 mesophyll cells are specialized cells that differentiate in response to light-induced positional signals. The Golden2 (G2) gene regulates plastid biogenesis in all photosynthetic cells during the C3 stages of development. However, G2 function is specifically committed to the differentiation of bundle sheath cell chloroplasts in C4 leaf blades. In this article, we report the isolation of G2-like (Glk) genes from maize and rice, providing evidence for a family of Glk genes in plants. The expression profiles of the rice Glk genes suggest that these genes may act redundantly to promote photosynthetic development in this C3 species. In maize, G2 and ZmGlk1 transcripts accumulate primarily in C4 bundle sheath and C4 mesophyll cells, respectively, suggesting a specific role for each gene in C4 differentiation. We show that G2 and ZmGLK1 both can transactivate reporter gene transcription and dimerize in yeast, which supports the idea that these proteins act as transcriptional regulators of cell-type differentiation processes.
The Productivity Slowdown in the United States (2013)

In this chapter the passage of the Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982, which created the SBIR program, is placed in the context of the U.S. productivity slowdown in the 1970s.
High Aspect Ratio Nickel Structures Fabricated by Electrochemical Replication of Hydrofluoric Acid Etched Silicon (2006)

A technique for fabricating high-aspect-ratio Ni structures has been developed using wet Si processing. was initially etched in HF to form high-aspect-ratio (exceeding 200) micrometer-sized pores. By introducing the as-etched Si into a defined solution, Ni deposits grew rapidly and replaced the Si on the sidewalls. After long immersion, the Si frame was completely converted to create a Ni structure with high-aspect-ratio pores. Close-packed submicrometer Si pillars can be formed by oxidizing and etching of the macropore sidewalls. Treated in the same Ni solution, high-aspect-ratio Ni pillars were correspondingly generated by replicating the pillar-type Si structure.
An Analytical Review of Defective Infections of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (1983)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Research and Development Roadmap for Water Heating Technologies (2011)

Although water heating is an important energy end-use in residential and commercial buildings, efficiency improvements in recent years have been relatively modest. However, significant advancements related to higher efficiency equipment, as well as improved distribution systems, are now viable. DOE support for water heating research, development and demonstration (RD&D) could provide the impetus for commercialization of these advancements.
Potential of palladium-109-labeled antimelanoma monoclonal antibody for tumor therapy. (1984)

Palladium-109, a beta-emitting radionuclide, was chelated to the monoclonal antibody 225.28S to the high molecular weight antigen associated with human melanoma. The radiolabeled antibody maintained its specific in vitro reactivity with cultured human melanoma cells. Injection of the radiolabeled monoclonal antibody into nude mice bearing human melanoma resulted in significant accumulation of the radiolabel in the tumors: 19% injected dose/g; 38:1 and 61:1 tumor-to-blood ratios at 24 and 48 hr, respectively. The localization of the radiolabeled antibody in liver and kidney also was high, but appreciably lower than that achieved in tumor. These results suggest that Pd-109-labeled monoclonal antibody to tumor-associated antigens may have potential applications in tumor immunotherapy.
Anti-CCR4 Monoclonal Antibody Mogamulizumab for the Treatment of EBV-Associated T- and NK-Cell Lymphoproliferative Diseases (2014)

These results indicate that mogamulizumab may be a therapeutic option against EBV-associated T/NK-LPDs.
A publish-subscribe architecture and component-based programming model for medical device interoperability (2009)

Medical devices historically have been monolithic units --- developed, validated, and approved by regulatory authorities as standalone entities. Modern medical devices increasingly incorporate connectivity mechanisms that offer the potential to stream device data into electronic health records, integrate information from multiple devices into single customizable displays, and coordinate the actions of groups of cooperating devices to realize "closed loop" scenarios and automate clinical workflows. In this paper, we describe a publish-subscribe architecture for medical device integration based on the Java Messaging Service. We provide a overview of a model-based development environment that we have built for rapidly programming device coordination scenarios. We assess the extent to which this framework is capable of supporting and complementing the Integrated Clinical Environment that has been proposed by the Medical Device Plug and Play Interoperability Project The implementation of this framework is freely available and open source. One of the primary goals of the framework is to provide researchers in acadaemia, industry, and government with an open test bed for exploring development, quality assurance, and regulatory issues related to medical device interoperability.
User-level distributed file systems projects (1996)

One of the greatest benefits provided by computer networks, in particular local area networks, is the ability to access files served by other computers in a network. Whereas file system concepts are first introduced in Operating Systems units, many file system concepts need to be readdressed and generalized in later Computer Networks units. Moreover, as students become increasingly familiar with internetworking and programs such as ftp, many of the strong links between the Operating Systems and Computer Networks units may be reinforced. This paper discusses the successes experienced with two strongly related Networks unit. Each project requires students to implementing user-level libraries which redefine supporting remote file access. projects offered in our third year Computer support a minimal distributed file system by a handful of operating system system calls