gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A “Distant” Bystander Effect of Suicide Gene Therapy: Regression of Nontransduced Tumors Together with a Distant Transduced Tumor (1997)

Antitumor gene therapy using herpes simplex type 1 thymidine kinase (TKh) and ganciclovir (GCV) treatment has revealed an important intratumoral bystander effect. A whole tumor can be eliminated when only a fraction of its tumor cells express TKh. We now report that the bystander effect not only acts within a tumor, but also between distant tumors. One TKh+ tumor was generated simultaneously with one or multiple TKh- tumors in different rat liver lobes such that there was no contact between the resulting tumors. Both the TKh+ and the TKh- tumors regressed after GCV treatment and showed infiltration with macrophages and T lymphocytes. This distant bystander effect, which is likely immune mediated, should be of major importance for gene therapy of disseminated tumors.
Total ankle replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. (1984)

The indications for total ankle-replacement arthroplasty are controversial. Some preliminary experience with its use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis has been disappointing. However, in our fifteen single-axis arthroplasties, fourteen of the Mayo and one of the Buchholz type, after an average follow-up of thirty-nine months seven ankles were rated excellent and eight, good. The relief of pain was gratifying in all of the patients, only four patients having residual slight pain with starting activity. The average gain in the range of motion was 9 degrees. No patient had loosening that required reoperation, although radiolucent lines were seen in eleven ankles. Thirteen of the fifteen ankles had moderate to severe arthritic changes in the talonavicular, subtalar, or other intertarsal joints.
Unusual precipitation of amorphous silicon nitride upon nitriding Fe–2at.%Si alloy (2012)

Silicon-nitride precipitation in ferritic Fe–2at.%Si alloy was investigated upon nitriding in NH3/H2 gas mixtures, using light microscopy, hardness measurements, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron-probe microanalysis for microstructural characterisation. Surprisingly, ideally weak nitriding behaviour occurred upon nitriding thick (1 mm) recrystallised Fe–2at.%Si alloy specimens. This phenomenon can be attributed to the onset of silicon-nitride precipitation only after a certain degree of nitrogen supersaturation has been established at all depths in the specimen. Silicon-nitride precipitates formed inside the ferrite grains and also along the ferrite grain boundaries. The precipitates were amorphous and had a stoichiometry of Si3N4. The amorphous nature of the tiny precipitates has a thermodynamic origin. Nitride precipitation occurred very slowly due to the very large volume misfit of the nitride with the matrix. An anomalous non-monotonous hardness change occurred with increasing nitriding time, which was ascribed to the initially fully elastic accommodation of precipitate/matrix misfit. The nitrogen uptake rate increased upon continued nitriding as a result of “self-catalysis”. The possible, favourable application of amorphous silicon-nitride precipitates as grain-growth inhibitors in the production of grain-oriented electrical steel is discussed.
Spray-dried powders enhance vaginal siRNA delivery by potentially modulating the mucus molecular sieve structure (2015)

Vaginal small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery provides a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of vaginal diseases. However, the densely cross-linked mucus layer on the vaginal wall severely restricts nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery to the vaginal epithelium. In order to overcome this barrier and enhance vaginal mucus penetration, we prepared spray-dried powders containing siRNA-loaded nanoparticles. Powders with Pluronic F127 (F127), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), and mannitol as carriers were obtained using an ultrasound-assisted spray-drying technique. Highly dispersed dry powders with diameters of 5-15 μm were produced. These powders showed effective siRNA protection and sustained release. The mucus-penetrating properties of the powders differed depending on their compositions. They exhibited different potential of opening mesh size of molecular sieve in simulated vaginal mucus system. A powder formulation with 0.6% F127 and 0.1% HPMC produced the maximum increase in the pore size of the model gel used to simulate vaginal mucus by rapidly extracting water from the gel and interacting with the gel; the resulting modulation of the molecular sieve effect achieved a 17.8-fold improvement of siRNA delivery in vaginal tract and effective siRNA delivery to the epithelium. This study suggests that powder formulations with optimized compositions have the potential to alter the steric barrier posed by mucus and hold promise for effective vaginal siRNA delivery.
Electrically isolated thickness shear mode liquid phase sensor for high pressure environments (2008)

Viscosity sensors are the subject of increasing interest as part of a multisensor array for fluid condition sensing (FCS) systems. Quartz sensors have exhibited insufficient dynamic range. An isolated-electrode thickness shear mode (TSM) sensor using langasite was shown to have suitable dynamic range; however practical applications require the ability to withstand higher ambient pressures. The present work explores the pressure-viscosity limitations of hermetic TSM sensors and demonstrates two derived sensor geometries that overcome this limitation. Sensor operation in a nominally 50 mPa-s hydraulic fluid is demonstrated at 20 bars for one system and at 600 bars for another. In contrast the previously reported sensor operates to 6 bars and has vanishing dynamic range of viscosity beyond 60 bars while the proposed technologies are projected to maintain high dynamic range well past the tested ranges.
Four degrees of separation (2012)

Frigyes Karinthy, in his 1929 short story "Láncszemek" (in English, "Chains") suggested that any two persons are distanced by at most six friendship links.1 Stanley Milgram in his famous experiments challenged people to route postcards to a fixed recipient by passing them only through direct acquaintances. Milgram found that the average number of intermediaries on the path of the postcards lay between 4:4 and 5:7, depending on the sample of people chosen. We report the results of the first world-scale social-network graph-distance computations, using the entire Facebook network of active users (≈ 721 million users, ≈ 69 billion friendship links). The average distance we observe is 4:74, corresponding to 3:74 intermediaries or "degrees of separation", prompting the title of this paper. More generally, we study the distance distribution of Facebook and of some interesting geographic subgraphs, looking also at their evolution over time. The networks we are able to explore are almost two orders of magnitude larger than those analysed in the previous literature. We report detailed statistical metadata showing that our measurements (which rely on probabilistic algorithms) are very accurate.
Ferrocenes. II. Silicon-Substituted Ferrocenes with Hydrolyzable Functional Groups<sup>1,2</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFerrocenes. II. Silicon-Substituted Ferrocenes with Hydrolyzable Functional Groups1,2ROBERT L. SCHAAF, PETER T. KAN, and CARL T. LENKCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 6, 1790–1795Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01065a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01065a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bone Cutting Robot with Soft Tissue Collision Avoidance Capability by a Redundant Axis for Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery (2007)

Many of the robots developed so far, including our multi-axis bone cutting robot, use an end mill as the cutting tool, and some problems should be solved to apply them to the minimally invasive orthopedic surgery. Minimally invasive surgery makes the incisions smaller, reduces pain and trauma to the body, and enables faster recovery. The smaller incision means a small and narrow opening area. This means the robot attitude for the bone resection is restricted, and it can result in the collision of the tool with the surrounding tissue, the existence of an untouched area and the degradation of the joint position accuracy. This paper proposes a robot mechanism and a toolpath generation technique specialized for bone cutting is expected to resolve these issues.
Nested Microgrids: Operation and Control Requirements (2018)

Nested Microgrids refers to operation of multiple interconnected microgrids. It is based on the idea that multiple microgrids can be connected and disconnected depending on the operation and control requirements. The purpose of this paper is to identify the challenges of Nested Microgrids operation with a decentralized microgrid control system. The controller interactions to exchange control parameters and measured network values across microgrids are investigated in this paper. Two key microgrid control functions, islanding, resynchronization are scrutinized to identify the coordinated control and communication requirement among the microgrid controllers and two more, load shed on generator overload and black start are discussed. The implementations of the proposed control functions are validated with time domain simulation in a Nested Microgrids test system.
Duty cycle adapted MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks with energy harvesting (2015)

Wireless Sensor Networking is an important area of research due to its wide and varied applications, especially in environmental monitoring and health monitoring. Battery-powered Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) face the problem of limited lifetime due to fast depletion of charge of typical batteries. The incorporation of energy harvesting in WSNs thus becomes crucial for extending the lifetime of battery-powered WSNs, while enhancing the network performance. The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol has to be properly designed so as to ensure proper operation of the sensor nodes in WSNs with energy harvesting. This paper presents a MAC protocol for energy harvesting WSNs, based on IEEE 802.15.4 MAC, which takes into account the power consumption of the sensor nodes during operation and the battery discharge characteristics. This MAC protocol also employs duty cycle adaptation based on node energy.
Elemental analysis with quadrupole mass filters operated in higher stability regions (1999)

Operation of quadrupole mass filters in higher zones of stability is described with an emphasis on the potential for elemental mass spectrometry. The higher zones allow a resolution at half height of up to 9000 on atomic ions and make possible unit resolution on ions with kinetic energies up to several thousand electron volts. The theory of quadrupole operation is briefly reviewed. Operation of quadrupoles in the third stability region with Mathieu parameters (a,q)≈(3,3) and the second stability region with (a,q)≈(0.02, 7.55) is described in detail. Previously unpublished data showing the variation of resolution with ion energy are presented. The variation of transmission with resolution is compared with previous calculations and with new calculations presented here.
Prevention of Dispersive Pad Skin Burns During RFA by a Simple Method (2003)

From the Department of Surgery, University of Hawaii at Manoa. Reprints: Junji Machi, MD, PhD, Department of Surgery, University of Hawaii at Manoa, John A. Burns School of Medicine, 405 N. Kuakini Street, Suite 601, Honolulu, HI 96817-6301 (email: [email protected]).
Compiling to the gate level for a reconfigurable co-processor (2002)

This paper describes a programmable coprocessor. A C-compiler has been written which compiles C code to the gate level relieving the programmer of the onerous task of programming the coprocessor. As not all of the code in most C programs will fit into the coprocessors FPGA, programs are first compiled using a standard C compiler. These programs are then profiled to determine which parts of the code make the most intense use of the processor. These parts are then compiled to the gate level and implemented in the coprocessor. Speedups in program execution time of about 20 are obtained by this method by comparison with an IPC Sparcstation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Demonstration of optical duobinary transmission system using phase modulator and optical filter (2002)

We experimentally demonstrate an optical duobinary transmission system employing a phase modulator and a narrow-bandwidth optical filter. Compared to the conventional duobinary signal generated by using an electrical low-pass filter, the demonstrated duobinary signal 1) provides improved receiver sensitivity; 2) overcomes the problem associated with word lengths; and 3) substantially relaxes the performance sensitivity to the driver and modulator response, while maintaining narrow spectral bandwidth and high dispersion tolerance.
Global metabolic profile identifies choline kinase alpha as a key regulator of glutathione-dependent antioxidant cell defense in ovarian carcinoma (2015)

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) "cholinic phenotype", characterized by increased intracellular phosphocholine content sustained by over-expression/activity of choline kinase-alpha (ChoKα/CHKA), is a metabolic cellular reprogramming involved in chemoresistance with still unknown mechanisms.By stable CHKA silencing and global metabolic profiling here we demonstrate that CHKA knockdown hampers growth capability of EOC cell lines both in vitro and in xenotransplant in vivo models. It also affected antioxidant cellular defenses, decreasing glutathione and cysteine content while increasing intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species, overall sensitizing EOC cells to current chemotherapeutic regimens. Natural recovering of ChoKα expression after its transient silencing rescued the wild-type phenotype, restoring intracellular glutathione content and drug resistance. Rescue and phenocopy of siCHKA-related effects were also obtained by artificial modulation of glutathione levels. The direct relationship among CHKA expression, glutathione intracellular content and drug sensitivity was overall demonstrated in six different EOC cell lines but notably, siCHKA did not affect growth capability, glutathione metabolism and/or drug sensitivity of non-tumoral immortalized ovarian cells. The "cholinic phenotype", by recapitulating EOC addiction to glutathione content for the maintenance of the antioxidant defense, can be therefore considered a unique feature of cancer cells and a suitable target to improve chemotherapeutics efficacy.
Levo(-) amphetamine and dextro(+) amphetamine in the treatment of narcolepsy (1973)

The narcoleptic syndrome is a life-long and sometimes familial disorder in which there is a disturbance of the rapid eye movement phase of sleep. Patients with periodic sleep in the daytime but no other symptoms seldom develop the narcoleptic syndrome and have a separate unrelated disorder. Twelve patients with the narcoleptic syndrome were treated separately with l(-) amphetamine and d(+) amphetamine. Both drugs abolished narcolepsy, d(+) amphetamine being slightly more potent than l(-) amphetamine. In equipotent doses, unwanted effects of nervousness and insomnia were equal in frequency. No tolerance to either preparation developed during a six month period. Cataplexy was not affected by amphetamine treatment, but was abolished in two patients when clomipramine was given together with either amphetamine.
Web Robot Learning Powered by Bluetooth Communication System (2006)

This paper presents a web robot web-robot learning powered by Bluetooth communication system. The web-robot system is used as the virtual robot laboratory integrating a number of disciplines in engineering. This virtual laboratory is a valuable teaching tool for engineering education used at any time and from any location through Internet. The mobile robot was controlled with robot server named as control center. The server can be connected to mobile robot via Bluetooth adapter. The mobile robot system focuses on vision sensing. Real time image processing techniques are realized by the web robot system. This system can also realize monitoring, tele-controlling, parameter adjusting and reprogramming through Internet exclusively with a standard Web browser without the need of any additional software
Current seismic sensor issues for defense and security applications (2004)

Seismic footstep detection-based systems are very important for various homeland security and military applications. Their performance and usefulness strongly depends on the characteristics of the seismic sensors. Unfortunately, currently available seismic sensors do not provide in satisfactory results. This paper describes the main issues of using seismic sensors for detection purposes and shows the key disadvantages of the most popular commercial seismic sensors/geophones. According to our results, the following are the key issues of poor seismic sensor performance: - Poor response to low frequency signals, leading to decrease of the detection range of targets - Unsatisfactory sensitivity threshold, causing missing low level seismic signals from outlying targets - Long damping signal time and corresponding low accuracy response, leading to problems with outlying target detection in high level noise environments - Low noise immunity from electromagnetic interference making seismic sensor operation in radar installation areas unreliable - Relatively bulky size and high price, which prevents extensive use of seismic sensors In addition, we have formulated objective requirements for seismic sensors to be used in defense and security applications
An Efficient Caching Mechanism for Video-on-Demand Service over Peer-to-Peer Network (2009)

In contrast to peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing, video-on-demand (VoD) streaming technology over P2P network is still awaiting breakthrough. The demands on scalability, playback deadlines for all peer nodes and playback continuity under a dynamic peer join/leave situation in a lossy P2P network are the major challenges for deploying a P2P based VoD system. In this paper an efficient weight-based caching mechanism, including a prefetching algorithm and a cache replacement algorithm, is proposed to satisfy these needs for P2P based VoD systems. The simulation results are presented to show that by engaging our proposed mechanism better quality-of-service could be achieved at an acceptable gossip cost comparing to another two existing relatively better solutions.
Buffer Overflow Probabilities for a Multiplexer with Self- Similar Traffic (1995)

We study the large buffer asymptotics of a multiplexer under two different self-similar traffic inputs, namely the so-called M G  model of Cox and the fractional Gaussian noise input model. In the former case we show that the tail probabilities for the buffer content (in steady-state) decay at most hyperbolically. This is contrasted with the situation where the input traffic is fractional Gaussian noise, in which case the tail probabilities display a Weibullian character. Therefore, for a given input rate rin and Hurst parameter H, these dissimilar asymptotics would result in vastly differing buffer engineering practices, which points somewhat to the inadequacy of using H as the sole parameter to characterize long-range dependence.
Mesostructured Metal Germanium Sulfides (1999)

A new class of mesostructured metal germanium sulfide materials has been prepared and characterized. The synthesis, via supramolecular assembly of well-defined germanium sulfide anionic cluster precursors and transition-metal cations in formamide, represents a new strategy for the formation of this class of solids. A variety of techniques were employed to examine the structure and composition of the materials. Structurally, the material is best described as a periodic mesostructured metal sulfide-based coordination framework akin to periodic hexagonal mesoporous silica, MCM-41. At the molecular scale, the materials strongly resemble microstructured metal germanium sulfides, in which the structure of the [Ge4S10]4- cluster building-blocks are intact and linked via μ-S−M−S bonds. Evidence for a metal−metal bond in mesostructured Cu/Ge4S10 is also provided.
Quantitative determination of binary and tertiary calcium carbonate mixtures using powder X-ray diffraction (2001)

The ability to determine the calcium carbonate polymorphic ratio of calcite, aragonite and vaterite in a mixture is important for a variety of applications, particularly the fields of biomineralisation and crystal engineering. Raman spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction were used to quantitatively determine the polymorphic composition of both binary and tertiary mixtures of calcium carbonate. It was found that the quantitative detection limits of powder X-ray diffraction were superior to both Raman and infrared spectroscopy.