gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thin-film transistor circuits on large-area spherical surfaces (2002)

We report amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated on a planar foil substrate, which is then permanently deformed to a spherical dome, where they are interconnected to inverter circuits. This dome subtends as much as 66° (∼1 sr) with the tensile strain reaching a maximum value of ∼6% on its top. Functional TFTs are obtained if design rules are followed to make stiff TFT islands of limited size on compliant substrates. Photoresist patterns for island interconnects are made on the flat structure, are plastically deformed during the shaping of the dome, and then serve to delineate interconnects deposited after deformation by lift-off. We describe the effect of deformation on the TFTs before and after deformation and the performance of TFT inverter circuits. Our results demonstrate that the concept of stiff circuit islands fabricated on deformable foil substrates is a promising approach to electronics on surfaces with arbitrary shapes.
Combinatorial testing: using blocking to assign test cases for validating complex software systems (2021)

Testing complex software systems is an extraordinarily difficult task. Test engineers are faced with the challenging prospect of ensuring that a software system satisfies its requirements while working within a strict budget. Choosing a test suite for such an endeavour can be framed as a design of experiments problem. Combinatorial testing is a software testing methodology that may be viewed as a design of experiments approach to addressing the software testing challenge. We extend this methodology by introducing the concept of blocking factors for a test suite. We provide an example, using an open source software library, to illustrate our extension. Advantages of considering blocks are discussed, both in the design as well as after test execution, when fault localisation may be necessary.
A Multichannel Nanoparticle Scintillation Microdevice with Integrated Waveguides for Alpha, Beta, Gamma, X-Ray, and Neutron Detection (2006)

This paper reports on a glass microdevice with a new patterned nanoparticle composite resin that detects and discriminates all species of radiation emitted from fissionable bomb making materials. Tailored charge conversion nanoparticles doped into a fast electron scintillating resin produce different optical pulses specific to the radiation species. The resins are integrated into a glass substrate where deep cavities are made using microsandblasting, forming independent optical paths leading to fiber-optic attachments. A separate, off the shelf Photo-Multiplier (PM) tube measures the light pulse.
Camera assisted calibration of SCARA arms (1996)

This paper presents some experimental results obtained by applying an approach of Lenz and Tsai (1989) to SCARA arm calibration. A new camera calibration technique, which is singular-free for this type of system, is employed. Several practical recommendations are given for robot users in general and SCARA arm users in particular.
MEASUREMENT OF BREAKING WAVES USING PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCITY (1997)

The water wave breaking problem has been studied for many years. The most popular experimental methods for studying this problem include the flow visualization method and the Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). However, the first method lacks quantitative description and the second method, in general, needs hundreds of measurements to form a flow field. Instantaneous quantitative flow field information is nearly impossible, if these two methods are used. In recent years, the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has been proven to be a powerful tool for two-dimensional instantaneous velocity measurement. Tens to hundreds of velocity measurements using the LDV can be done in only one single measurement using the PIV.
Identification of a unique membrane-bound molecule on a hemopoietic stem cell line and on multipotent progenitor cells. (1995)

Hemopoietic stem cells are a distinct population of cells that can differentiate into multilineages of hemopoietic cells and have long-term repopulation capability. A few membrane-bound molecules have been found to be preferentially, but not uniquely, present on the surface of these primitive cells. We report here the identification of a unique 105-kDa glycoprotein on the surface of hemopoietic stem cell line BL3. This molecule, recognized by the absorbed antiserum, is not present on the surface of myeloid progenitors 32D and FDC-P1 cells, EL4 T cells, and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. This antiserum can also be used to block the proliferation of BL3 cells even in the presence of mitogen-stimulated spleen cell conditioned medium, which is known to have a stimulating activity on BL3 cells. It can also inhibit development of in vitro, fetal liver cell-derived multilineage colonies, but not other types of colonies, and of in vivo bone marrow cell-derived colony-forming unit spleen foci. These data suggest that gp105 plays an important role in hemopoietic stem cell differentiation.
CD46 short consensus repeats III and IV enhance measles virus binding but impair soluble hemagglutinin binding (1997)

The binding of a recombinant soluble form of the measles virus (MV) hemagglutinin (sH) to cells expressing hybrid CD46/CD4 proteins was compared to that of purified virus. For binding of both ligands, both CD46 external short consensus repeats I and II (SCR I and II) in the natural order were essential. The addition of SCR III and IV enhanced virus binding but inhibited sH binding. Accordingly, this lowered the ability of sH to compete with MV binding. Antihemagglutinin monoclonal antibodies selectively inhibited the binding of either sH or MV. Thus, sH and MV share a common binding site in SCR I and II but differ in their apparent avidity to CD46 under the influence of SCR III and IV.
Resistance estimation for temperature determination in PMSMs through signal injection (2005)

Real-time thermal management of electrical machines relies on sufficiently accurate indicators of temperature within a machine. One indicator of temperature in a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is the stator winding resistance. Detection of PMSM winding resistance in the literature has been made on machines with relatively high resistances, where the resistive voltage vector is significant under load. This paper describes a technique applied to sense the winding resistance where the resistance is low and hence the resistive is voltage difficult to detect. A current injection method is applied which enables the resistance to be determined, and hence the winding temperature in non-salient machines. This method can be applied under load, and in a manner that does not disturb shaft torque, or speed. The method is able to distinguish between changes in the electro-motive force (EMF) constant and the resistive voltage. Simulated results on an experimentally verified model illustrate the effectiveness of this approach
Effects of Lactose on Colon Microbial Community Structure and Function in a Four-Stage Semi-Continuous Culture System (2006)

A semi-continuous four-channel colon simulator was used to study the effects of lactose for the first time on the growth and fermentation dynamics of colonic microbiota. In six separate simulations, lactose supplementation increased the total SCFA concentration by 3-5 fold as compared with the baseline in the respective vessels. The total bacterial density was inversely correlated with lactic acid production (P = 0.003), while production of butyrate (P = 0.007) and propionate (P = 0.02) correlated with higher numbers of bacteria. A major shift in the microbial community structure in the lactose supplemented vessels was demonstrated by bacterial genomic %G+C-profiling of the total population, where lactose supplementation induced a clearly dominant peak in the bifidobacteria prominent area, %G+C 60-65. The transient shift to increased numbers of bifidobacteria (23-27%) of all bacteria in the first two vessels was also confirmed by the bifidobacteria-specific QPCR-method. In conclusion, lactose produced dramatic changes in microbiota composition and activity as compared with the baseline fermentation.
Efficient Production of Uniform Plants from Cotyledon Explants of Sugarbeet (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.) (1993)

Abstract In order to improve regenerative potential in Beta vulgaris L. cultural conditions were established for efficient plant regeneration from cotyledon‐derived calli. Organogenic calli were initiated at frequencies of 8–59 % with six sugarbeet lines. N6‐benzyl‐ammopurine (1 mg/1) associated with 2,3,5 triiodobenzoic acid (0.5 mg/1) was found to be the best combination to alter the endogenous phytohormonal balance in 21 ± 1 day‐old seedlings. Flow cytometry was used to determine nuclear DNA Content (ploidy) in cotyledons, calli and regenerated plants, and suggested that 88 % of the regenerants were diploids. The relatively high cytological stability of the regenerants was attributed to the rapid cell differentiation within initiated calli. The problem of vitrification was overcome by using phloridzin and high agar concentration.
Cytosaminomycins, new anticoccidial agents produced by Streptomyces sp. KO-8119. II. Structure elucidation of cytosaminomycins A, B, C and D. (1994)

Structures of novel anticoccidial antibiotics, cytosaminomycins A, B, C and D, were elucidated by NMR studies. Cytosaminomycins were shown to be nucleoside antibiotics related to oxyplicacetin. Their carboxylic acid moieties bonded to the cytosine residue were different from that of oxyplicacetin. The carboxylic acids contained in cytosaminomycins A, B, C and D were (E)-3-(methylthio)acrylic acid, 4-methylaminobenzoic acid, 3-methylcrotonic acid, and tiglic acid, respectively.
Anisotropy in the hole mobility measured along the [110] and [1¯10] orientations in a strained Ge quantum well (2014)

In this paper, we report on anisotropic transport properties of strained germanium (sGe) quantum wells grown on Si (001) substrates with p-type doping beneath the sGe channel. Mobility measurements were made along orthogonal [110] directions. The level of measured resistivity anisotropy in the [110] and [1¯10] orientations was found to vary between 2 and 9 for different samples. This corresponds to an actual mobility anisotropy ratio of between 1.3 and 2, values that are significantly higher than previously found for sGe. From modeling of the low temperature (12 K) mobility, using the relaxation time approach, the anisotropy in mobility was accounted for by a difference in interface roughness scattering between the two orientations. For the [110] orientation, a step height of Δ = 0.28 nm and interface roughness periodicity of λ = 7 nm were found while for the [1¯10] orientation, λ reduced to 4 nm and Δ increased to 0.42 nm. High-resolution X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirmed a 1° off-cut in the wafer towards the [1¯10] direction.
Application of capacitor insertion method to scanning tunneling microscopes (1989)

The capacitor insertion method to compensate for hysteresis and creep in piezoelectric actuators is applied to scanning tunneling microscopes. By inserting a capacitor in series with the piezoelectric actuator, hysteresis and creep can be greatly reduced or eliminated. After the principle of the method is reviewed, a structure of a scanning tunneling microscope used here is described. A calibration grid for scanning electron microscopes (2000 lines/mm) can be imaged with greatly reduced distortion by inserting capacitors in series with the piezoelectric actuators, which consist of an x-y-z scanner of the microscope. Furthermore the method can be used to reduce the sensitivity of the x-y-z movements of the scanner because an applied voltage is divided between an inserted capacitor and a piezoelectric actuator. Hence, using suitably small capacitors, atomic-scale images of Kish-graphite can be easily obtained with the same microscope.
Chirping compensation using a two-section semiconductor laser amplifier (1992)

Compensation of light source chirping and optical fiber dispersion using semiconductor laser amplifiers (SLAs) is investigated using a modeling equation that describes the opposite phase characteristics of light sources to SLAs with self phase modulation. A two-section SLA was fabricated in order to achieve an amplifier with both high gain and phase compensation properties. Preliminary experimental results are presented, confirming the theoretically derived phase compensation effect.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
“Fake Happiness”: Counseling, Potentiality, and Psycho‐Politics in China (2013)

Abstract In China, an emerging psycho‐politics seeks to extract value from and to govern the potential of individual citizens. The party state attempts to preempt social unrest by encouraging the poor and the unemployed to engage in psychological self‐help to unlock their positive potential. Television counseling programs promoting the cultivation of happiness are part of these attempts. These programs showcase marginalized people who appear happy despite their limited life circumstances. Expert counselors glorify individuals who have actualized their potential through happiness to become entrepreneurs and role models. However, critics argue that these programs promote “fake happiness” and divert people's attention from structural forces that negatively affect their lives. This article advances these critiques by illustrating how happiness promotion in China taps into the resources of the victims of socioeconomic dislocation to effect economic advancement and political equilibrium. This article contributes to the growing anthropological literature on happiness by engaging happiness as a governing technology based on psychologization and as a force for both the government and underprivileged people to rally resources for their respective causes.
Development and Characterization of Human Cerebral Organoids (2018)

Studies of human neurodevelopmental disorders and stem cell-based regenerative transplants have been hampered by the lack of a model of the developing human brain. Stem cell-derived neurons suffer major limitations, including the ability to recapitulate the 3-dimensional architecture of a brain tissue and the representation of multiple layers and cell types that contribute to the overall brain functions in vivo. Recently, cerebral organoid technology was introduced; however, such technology is still in its infancy, and its low reproducibility and limitations significantly reduce the reliability of such a model as it currently exists, especially considering the complexity of cerebral-organoid protocols. Here we have tested and compared multiple protocols and conditions for growth of organoids, and we describe an optimized methodology, and define the necessary and sufficient factors that support the development of optimal organoids. Our optimization criteria included organoids' overall growth and size, stratification and representation of the various cell types, inter-batch variability, analysis of neuronal maturation, and even the cost of the procedure. Importantly, this protocol encompasses a plethora of technical tips that allow researchers to easily reproduce it and obtain reliable organoids with the least variability, and showcases a robust array of approaches to characterize successful organoids. This optimized protocol provides a reliable system for genetic or pharmacological (drug development) screens and may enhance understanding and therapy of human neurodevelopmental disorders, including harnessing the therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived transplants.
Spectral interference refractometry by diode array spectrometry (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectral interference refractometry by diode array spectrometryGuenter. Gauglitz, Juergen. Krause-Bonte, Harry. Schlemmer, and Axel. MatthesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 23, 2609–2612Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00174a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00174a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thalidomide Suppresses NF-κB Activation Induced by TNF and H2O2, But Not That Activated by Ceramide, Lipopolysaccharides, or Phorbol Ester (2002)

Thalidomide ([+]-alpha-phthalimidoglutarimide), a psychoactive drug that readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and immunosuppressive properties through a mechanism that is not fully established. Due to the central role of NF-kappaB in these responses, we postulated that thalidomide mediates its effects through suppression of NF-kappaB activation. We investigated the effects of thalidomide on NF-kappaB activation induced by various inflammatory agents in Jurkat cells. The treatment of these cells with thalidomide suppressed TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation, with optimum effect occurring at 50 microg/ml thalidomide. These effects were not restricted to T cells, as other hematopoietic and epithelial cell types were also inhibited. Thalidomide suppressed H(2)O(2)-induced NF-kappaB activation but had no effect on NF-kappaB activation induced by PMA, LPS, okadaic acid, or ceramide, suggesting selectivity in suppression of NF-kappaB. The suppression of TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation by thalidomide correlated with partial inhibition of TNF-induced degradation of an inhibitory subunit of NF-kappaB (IkappaBalpha), abrogation of IkappaBalpha kinase activation, and inhibition of NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression. Thalidomide abolished the NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression activated by overexpression of TNFR1, TNFR-associated factor-2, and NF-kappaB-inducing kinase, but not that activated by the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. Overall, our results clearly demonstrate that thalidomide suppresses NF-kappaB activation specifically induced by TNF and H(2)O(2) and that this may contribute to its role in suppression of proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and the immune system.
Effect of processing conditions and heat treatments on mechanical properties of single-crystal superalloy CMSX-2 (1986)

It is shown that the mechanical properties of single-crystal superalloys can be optimized through appropriate solidification conditions and heat treatments. A comparison of the creep behaviour of low- and high-gradient processed single crystals of CMSX-2 alloy shows that minimizing porosity improves the creep strength at intermediate temperatures. The optimum creep resistance is achieved by aligned γ′-precipitates, about 0·5 μm in size. It is shown that in high-cycle fatigue the solidification conditions have a dramatic effect on the fatigue strength. The improvement in fatigue behaviour is attributed to the extremely low density and small size of pores achieved by using a very high-gradient process. The strain–controlled low–cycle fatigue properties of CMSX-2 at intermediate temperatures are also greatly improved by using the high-gradient process. Elimination of porosity in 'industrial' single crystals by hot isostatic pressing restores their creep and especially their fatigue performance to the level of the high-gradient solidified material.MST/224
Segmentation of salient closed contours from real images (1999)

Using a saliency measure based on the global property of contour closure, we have developed a method that reliably segments out salient contours bounding unknown objects from real edge images. The measure also incorporates the Gestalt principles of proximity and smooth continuity that previous methods have exploited. Unlike previous measures, we incorporate contour closure by finding the eigen-solution associated with a stochastic process that models the distribution of contours passing through edges in the scene. The segmentation algorithm utilizes the saliency measure to identify multiple closed contours by finding strongly-connected components on an induced graph. The determination of strongly-connected components is a direct consequence of the property of closure. We report for the first time, results on large real images for which segmentation takes an average of about 10 secs per object on a general-purpose workstation. The segmentation is made efficient for such large images by exploiting the inherent symmetry in the task.
Video monitoring of pulverized coal injection in the blast furnace (2002)

A novel approach for monitoring and control of the coal powder injection in a blast furnace is presented and discussed. Image analysis of video recordings is used as a means to estimate the instantaneous coal flow. Initial experiments at the blast furnace no 3 of SSAB Tunnplat AB Lulea, Sweden, have been performed and first hand results on modelling and control of a single injection line are given.
Development of multirate sampling repetitive learning servo system and its application to a compact camcorder (2002)

The authors have developed a new servo system, called the multirate sampling repetitive learning servo system, having the multirate sampling repetitive learning compensator newly developed so as to reduce the learning memory size. It was applied to the speed control of the capstan motor in a camcorder, and the speed fluctuation of the capstan was reduced considerably as a result of the improved sensitivity to disturbances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>