gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of the VvLTP1 gene interferes with somatic embryo development in grapevine (2008)

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) embryos have an early developmental pattern which differs from the one observed in model angiosperms such as Arabidopsis, in that the plane of divisions show variations from one individual to another. Furthermore, the protoderm (the first tissue to differentiate) does not form in one step but rather, gradually with time during globule formation. In Arabidopsis, expression pattern of a particular lipid transfer protein (LTP) isoform, AtLTP1, appears to be related to protoderm establishment, and is considered as a molecular marker of its differentiation. To investigate whether a similar role for LTPs in the development of grapevine embryos, we investigated the expression pattern of VvLTP1, a Vitis homologue of AtLTP1, in somatic embryo development. Expression of the GUS reporter gene under the control of the VvLTP1 promoter demonstrated that this LTP isoform is a marker of protoderm formation, and confirmed that this tissue forms sequentially over time. Ectopic expression of VvLTP1 under the control of the 35S promoter led to grossly misshapen embryos, which failed to acquire bilateral symmetry and displayed an abnormal epidermal layer. These results indicate that a correct spatial or temporal expression, or both, of this gene is essential for grapevine embryo development.
Regulation of Sulfate Assimilation in Arabidopsis and Beyond (2006)

As the molecular mechanisms of regulation of the sulfate assimilation pathway are not known, the role of Arabidopsis as a model plant will be further strengthened. However, this review demonstrates that investigations of other plant species will still be necessary to address specific questions of regulation of sulfur nutrition.
Occludin regulates macromolecule flux across the intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier (2011)

Defective intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier has been shown to be an important pathogenic factor contributing to the development of intestinal inflammation. The expression of occludin is markedly decreased in intestinal permeability disorders, including in Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and celiac disease, suggesting that the decrease in occludin expression may play a role in the increase in intestinal permeability. The purpose of this study was to delineate the involvement of occludin in intestinal epithelial TJ barrier by selective knock down of occludin in in vitro (filter-grown Caco-2 monolayers) and in vivo (recycling perfusion of mouse intestine) intestinal epithelial models. Our results indicated that occludin small-interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection causes an increase in transepithelial flux of various-sized probes, including urea, mannitol, inulin, and dextran, across the Caco-2 monolayers, without affecting the transepithelial resistance. The increase in relative flux rate was progressively greater for larger-sized probes, indicating that occludin depletion has the greatest effect on the flux of large macromolecules. siRNA-induced knock down of occludin in mouse intestine in vivo also caused an increase in intestinal permeability to dextran but did not affect intestinal tissue transepithelial resistance. In conclusion, these results show for the first time that occludin depletion in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo leads to a selective or preferential increase in macromolecule flux, suggesting that occludin plays a crucial role in the maintenance of TJ barrier through the large-channel TJ pathway, the pathway responsible for the macromolecule flux.
Analysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films by atomic force microscopy (1997)

An atomic force microscope operating in a contact mode can provide 5-× 5-nm atomic-scale images of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film that allows the identification of what are believed to be phenyl groups and phenyl chains. Large-scale, 5- × 5-μm images reveal the presence of raised surface features attributed to the extrusion process used to form the PET film. These surface irregularities could affect the film's physicochemical properties. Furthermore, regions with different overall surface roughnesses have been identified, showing that surface roughness can distinguish between the amorphous and crystalline regions that form this type of film. Imaging forces have been found capable of altering the film surface, and surface disorder increases with imaging time. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:1237–1243, 1997
Correlated photon asymmetry in local realism (1994)

Agreement with quantum theory and experiment exists for locally real models violating the apparently plausible additional assumptions of Bell inequalities subject to the use of low-efficiency detectors. A locally real optical hidden-variable model of this class is constructed here with asymmetric correlated photon pairs from the physical basis of Malus's law. The model introduces no arbitrary constants, naturally violates factorization and no enhancement, predicts a 1/${3\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}}^{2}$\ensuremath{\theta} joint probability for high-efficiency detectors, and is testable with currently available low-efficiency detectors.
Method to extract diffusion length from solar cell parameters—Application to polycrystalline silicon (2003)

A closed form, analytical expression for the interdependence of the effective diffusion length Leff and the open-circuit voltage of solar cells is derived for the parallel connection of recombination in the space-charge region and in the neutral base region. This expression allows for the calculation of Leff from the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current, and the base doping of the solar cell as the only quantities that need to be determined experimentally. Values of Leff calculated with our method match with an accuracy of 35% values that are determined experimentally by quantum-efficiency measurements of silicon solar cells. The agreement holds in a range 0.3 μm &lt;Leff&lt;300 μm. Alternatively, Leff is calculated from the short-circuit current and from the overall light absorption in the solar cell via an analytical expression for the Leff -dependence of carrier collection. Again, we find a good match between the measured Leff and the values calculated by this method. We further analyze photovoltaic output parameters from literature data of polycrystalline silicon solar cells covering grain sizes from 10−2 to 104 μm. We calculate Leff for these solar cells with our method and interpret the results in terms of grain-boundary recombination velocity SGB. We find that the data points split into two distinct groups, one with 105 cm/s&lt;SGB&lt;107 cm/s, and one showing 101 cm/s&lt;SGB&lt;103 cm/s. Since all cells with low SGB have a {220} surface texture, we ascribe the low-recombination velocity of grain boundaries to the low-electronic activity of [110]-tilt grain boundaries in these films.
Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (2015)

Reliable, noninvasive methods for diagnosing and prognosing sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) early after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are needed. We used a quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to identify candidate biomarkers of SOS by comparing plasma pooled from 20 patients with and 20 patients without SOS. Of 494 proteins quantified, we selected 6 proteins (L-Ficolin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM1], tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, von Willebrand factor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and CD97) based on a differential heavy/light isotope ratio of at least 2 fold, information from the literature, and immunoassay availability. Next, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of these 6 proteins and 5 selected from the literature (suppression of tumorigenicity-2 [ST2], angiopoietin-2 (ANG2), hyaluronic acid [HA], thrombomodulin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) in samples from 80 patients. The results demonstrate that together ST2, ANG2, L-Ficolin, HA, and VCAM1 compose a biomarker panel for diagnosis of SOS. L-Ficolin, HA, and VCAM1 also stratified patients at risk for SOS as early as the day of HCT. Prognostic Bayesian modeling for SOS onset based on L-Ficolin, HA, and VCAM1 levels on the day of HCT and clinical characteristics showed >80% correct prognosis of SOS onset. These biomarkers may provide opportunities for preemptive intervention to minimize SOS incidence and/or severity.
A failure to communicate: Security vulnerabilities in the GridStreamX Edgeware application (2013)

Any communications network is subject to becoming the target of exploitation by criminal hackers looking to gain unauthorized access to an information system. As a computer information infrastructure, the wireless grid Edgeware technology model aims at aggregating ensembles of shared, heterogeneous and distributed wireless resources to provide transparent services of various applications, systems and devices. Currently, there is no research exploring the exploitation of technical vulnerabilities from a hacker's attack against a wireless grid Edgeware application. Using a quantitative research method from the theoretical perspective of an anatomy of a network attack, the central premise of this article is to compromise the confidentiality, integrity and availability of a wireless grid called the GridStreamX Edgeware application for vulnerability exploitation through a laboratory experiment within the Syracuse University Wireless Grid Innovation Testbed (WiGiT). The GridStreamX Edgeware application is cloud to ‘worst case scenario’ emergency response wireless Grid resource, which can be utilized as a data communication vehicle during an enterprise network catastrophe and/or failure. This research makes a meaningful theoretical and managerial contribution because it represents the first empirical examination of researching the technical requirements of the open specifications for wireless grid Edgeware technology.
Smart and active transducers for the detection of acoustic emission (1998)

Electroactive composites consisting of a ferroelectric ceramic in a polymer matrix have attracted a lot of interest as compliant electroactive sensors. Various theoretical models have be developed to understand the dielectric and electroactive properties of these composites, the majority of which are based on a cube of unit dimensions with fractional inclusions representing the ceramic content. Composite properties are generally dictated by the choice of constituent materials and the connectivity of the phases. A ceramic powder randomly dispersed in a polymer matrix is referred to as having 0-3 connectivity, i.e. the ceramic phase possesses no intra-connectivity throughout the composite in the x, y and z directions, whereas the polymer possesses full intra-connectivity in these directions. For thin composite films, where the ceramic grain size is comparable to the film thickness, or with high ceramic volume content, the degree of ceramic connectivity throughout the composite thickness will be enhanced over thick or low ceramic volume content composites, thus inferring an amount of 1-3 connectivity within the composite. In order to investigate the properties of such composites a cube model has been applied which deals with mixed connectivity composites. This paper reports on the experimental and theoretical characterisation of two different mixed connectivity composites, one with a polar polymer matrix and another with a non-polar matrix. Results are given on dielectric and piezoelectric measurements and compared with theoretical results.
Identification of new cancer biomarkers based on aberrant mucin glycoforms by <i>in situ</i> proximity ligation (2011)

Mucin glycoproteins are major secreted or membrane-bound molecules that, in cancer, show modifications in both the mucin proteins expression and in the O-glycosylation profile, generating some of the most relevant tumour markers in clinical use for decades. Thus far, the identification of these biomarkers has been based on the detection of either the protein or the O-glycan modifications. We therefore aimed to identify the combined mucin and O-glycan features, that is, specific glycoforms, in an attempt to increase specificity of these cancer biomarkers. Using in situ proximity ligation assays (PLA) based on existing monoclonal antibodies directed to MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 mucins and to cancer-associated carbohydrate antigens Tn, Sialyl-Tn (STn), T, Sialyl-Le(a) (SLe(a)) and Sialyl-Le(x) (SLe(x)) we screened a series of 28 mucinous adenocarcinomas from different locations (stomach, ampulla of Vater, colon, lung, breast and ovary) to detect specific mucin glycoforms. We detected Tn/STn/SLe(a)/SLe(x)-MUC1 and STn/SLe(a)/SLe(x)-MUC2 glycoforms in ≥50% of the cases, with a variable distribution among organs. Some new glycoforms-T/SLe(a)-MUC2, STn/T/SLe(a) SLe(x)-MUC5AC and STn/T/SLe(a)/SLe(x)-MUC6-were identified for the first time in the present study in a variable percentage of cases from different organs. In conclusion, application of the PLA technique allowed sensitive detection of specific aberrant mucin glycoforms in cancer, increasing specificity to the use of antibodies either to the mucin protein backbone or to the O-glycan haptens alone.
Selective Oxidation of Alcohols with Alkali Metal Bromides as Bromide Catalysts: Experimental Study of the Reaction Mechanism (2014)

A bromide-catalyzed oxidation of alcohols was developed which proceeded in the presence of an alkali metal bromide and an oxidant under mild conditions. The reaction involved an organic-molecule-free oxidation using KBr and Oxone and a Brønsted acid assisted oxidation using KBr and aqueous H2O2 solution to provide a broad range of carbonyl compounds in high yields. Moreover, the bromide-catalyzed oxidation of primary alcohols enabled the divergent synthesis of carboxylic acids and aldehydes under both reaction conditions in the presence of TEMPO. A possible catalytic mechanism was suggested on the basis of various mechanistic studies.
A Monte Carlo correction for Compton scattering effects in 3D PET brain imaging (2002)

A Monte Carlo simulation has been developed to simulate and correct for Compton scattering effects in 3D acquired PET brain images. As input the routine requires the 3D reconstructed image volume of interest which is treated as a source intensity distribution for a photon-tracking Monte Carlo simulation. It is assumed that the number of counts in each pixel of the image represents the number of back-to-back 511 keV photon pairs being emitted at that location in the brain. The program then follows the history of each photons' interactions in the scattering medium and generates the sinograms for the scattered and unscattered photon pairs detected in a simulated 3D PET acquisition. The calculated scatter contribution is then subtracted from the original data set. The calculation is general and can be applied to any scanner configuration or geometry. In its current form the simulation requires 25 hours on a single Sparc10 CPU when every pixel in a 15-plane, 128/spl times/128 pixel image volume is studied, and less than 2 hours when sampled over regions of 4/spl times/4 pixels. Results of the correction applied to 3D human and phantom studies are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detailed kinetic analysis of the radical polymerization of trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexyl methacrylate in benzene based on the rate constants determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetailed kinetic analysis of the radical polymerization of trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexyl methacrylate in benzene based on the rate constants determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopyAkikazu Matsumoto and Keiichiro MizutaCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 20, 5863–5870Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00098a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00098a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiple-valued current-mode MOS integrated circuits based on dual-rail source-coupled logic (2002)

This paper presents a design of new multiple-valued current-mode MOS integrated circuits based on dual-rail source-coupled logic. This circuit can be efficiently utilized in implementing high-speed arithmetic VLSI systems. The use of dual-rail source-coupled logic makes it possible to reduce an input voltage swing for a threshold detector, so that the switching delay of the threshold detector can be reduced. This property is suitable for implementing high-speed multiple-valued integrated circuits with low supply voltage. It is demonstrated that the delay of the proposed radix-2 signed-digit (SD) adder based on dual-rail source-coupled logic is reduced to 67 percent in comparison with that of the corresponding binary CMOS implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anomaly detection of building systems using energy demand frequency domain analysis (2012)

This paper presents and demonstrates a method to quickly identify when regular periodic activities, such as a daily night setback on a thermostat, are inappropriately configured or accidentally reset. Anomalies in periodic building operations are identified by analyzing smart meter electrical demand data in the frequency domain with a weekly travelling time window instead of using time domain functions such as load factor. Initial experiments on a real site found that spectral energy signals for periodic (frequency) hours of 4, 6, 8, 12 and days 1, 3.5 and 7 to be greatly reduced when a device is not functioning appropriately. In addition, the ratio of the DC offset (0 Hz) energy with the other higher periodic energies can normalize the periodic energies to a relative index that can then be used for comparing other seasons and other buildings for periodical performance.
Post-Quantum Enabled Cyber Physical Systems (2019)

Cyber physical systems (CPSs) will be deployed for decades, thus they should be secure against long-term attacks. Most CPSs adopt the datagram transport layer security (DTLS), as the de facto security protocol. By using public key cryptography (PKC) based on traditional RSA or elliptic-curves, DTLS establishes secured communication channels between multiple parties. However, the foreseeable breakthrough of quantum computers represents a risk for many PKC ecosystems. Traditional PKC will no be longer considered secure. Therefore, the integration of post-quantum security is mandatory. Due to their limited resources, tight performance requirements, and long-term life-cycles, this is especially challenging for CPSs. In this letter we propose, implement and evaluate for the first time a post-quantum enhanced DTLS, able to establish secure communications of CPSs, even in the presence of quantum computers. An NTRU post-quantum solution was used to perform the key transport among the CPSs entities. We show that is feasible to integrate our post-quantum enhanced DTLS, together with the full Internet engineering task force protocol stack in highly constrained environments, such as the CPSs.
A cluster based secure routing scheme for wireless ad hoc networks (2005)

In wireless ad hoc networks, frequent topology changes and the absence of any centralized control make the networks vulnerable to many security attacks not present in a traditional wired network. Existing routing protocols offer little or no security to address these vulnerabilities. In this paper, we describe a security scheme based on the working of cluster based routing protocol (CBRP). Using threshold cryptography we eliminate the use of a centralized certification authority to distribute the process of certification among the nodes of the network. We make use of a combination of public key and symmetric key cryptography for authentication and exchange of data. This approach can as well be easily extended to other hierarchical routing protocols.
Fully Automated On-Chip Imaging Flow Cytometry System with Disposable Contamination-Free Plastic Re-Cultivation Chip (2011)

We have developed a novel imaging cytometry system using a poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA)) based microfluidic chip. The system was contamination-free, because sample suspensions contacted only with a flammable PMMA chip and no other component of the system. The transparency and low-fluorescence of PMMA was suitable for microscopic imaging of cells flowing through microchannels on the chip. Sample particles flowing through microchannels on the chip were discriminated by an image-recognition unit with a high-speed camera in real time at the rate of 200 event/s, e.g., microparticles 2.5 μm and 3.0 μm in diameter were differentiated with an error rate of less than 2%. Desired cells were separated automatically from other cells by electrophoretic or dielectrophoretic force one by one with a separation efficiency of 90%. Cells in suspension with fluorescent dye were separated using the same kind of microfluidic chip. Sample of 5 μL with 1 × 10(6) particle/mL was processed within 40 min. Separated cells could be cultured on the microfluidic chip without contamination. The whole operation of sample handling was automated using 3D micropipetting system. These results showed that the novel imaging flow cytometry system is practically applicable for biological research and clinical diagnostics.
Gas Pressure Sensor Based on BDK-Doped Polymer Optical Fiber (2019)

This paper presents a high sensitivity gas pressure sensor with benzyl-dimethylketal (BDK)-doped polymer optical fiber Bragg grating (POFBG), whose sensitivity is up to 8.12 pm/kPa and 12.12 pm/kPa in positive and negative pressure atmosphere, respectively. The high sensitivity can be explained by its porous chemical structure. The stability and response behavior under air pressure atmosphere has also been investigated. The new understanding of the air pressure response principle and sensitivity difference for the presented sensor can be a worthy reference.