gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymer Adsorption Effects on Stabilities and Chemical Mechanical Polishing Properties of Ceria Particles (2006)

Characterization of ceria particles in the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) was performed by the measurements of adsorbed amounts of PVP, average sizes, and back scattering intensities of the ceria particles as functions of PVP molecular weight and PVP concentration. Adsorption of PVP on the ceria particles enhanced the stability of ceria particles due to steric stabilization of the thick adsorbed layer of PVP. Moreover, SiO2 and Si3N4 films deposited on Si wafers were polished by the ceria particles in the presence of PVP in order to understand the effect of PVP adsorption on chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) technique, together with ceria particles without PVP and re-dispersed ceria particles adsorbed by PVP in water (re-dispersed ceria). Removal rates of the deposited SiO2 and Si3N4 films were decreased with an increase in the concentration of free PVP chains in the dispersion media, while the removal rates by the re-dispersed ceria were the same as those by the ceria particles in the absence of PVP.
Resonant network design considerations for variable coupling lumped coil systems (2012)

This paper investigates the impact of coupling variations in an IPT lumped coil system on the overall system behaviour. An analysis of the reactive power flow between the pick-up and the primary power supply in a variable coupling system is presented. A 1.2kW battery charging system design example was conducted on how to design the resonant networks to minimize the burden on the primary power supply due to the additional reactive power demands as a result of mistuning under variable coupling condition.
THE COLLECTION BUILDER (1983)

In August 1947 I had the good fortune to be offered a post at Westminster Public Libraries. No doubt I flatter myself, but I regard it as an example of Lionel McColvin's open‐mindedness that I was selected presumably for apparent ability rather than on the basis of lengthy and appropriate experience. Certainly, after nearly six years in the army and a year at a school of librarianship to complete the Library Association examinations, I was singularly short on the latter. The post to which I was appointed was Head of the Accessions Department; and although I was nominally responsible to the Chief Cataloguer, in practice I largely reported direct to the City Librarian — an unusual position for a comparatively junior officer.
Thalidomide–dexamethasone as primary therapy for advanced multiple myeloma (2005)

The value of thalidomide-dexamethasone was assessed in 26 consecutive, previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma of high tumor mass. All showed Hgb < 8.5 g/dL, serum calcium > 11.5 mg/dL, or both. The response rate was 73%, frequency of early death < 3 months was 5%, projected median survival was 30 months, and projected median remission time was 25 months. There were no occurrences of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, so that serious infection occurred in only 12% of patients. Thalidomide-dexamethasone was useful for these patients with advanced disease because of the high response rate and acceptable survival, with a low frequency of serious complications.
AlN/AlGaN superlattices as dislocation filter for low-threading-dislocation thick AlGaN layers on sapphire (2002)

We report on an approach of using AlN/AlGaN superlattices (SLs) for threading-dislocation-density reduction to grow high quality thick AlGaN on sapphire. Using x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and etch pits counting by atomic force microscopy, we show that the insertion of AlN/AlGaN SLs suppresses the material mosaicity and decreases the threading dislocation density by two orders of magnitude, and then eliminates cracking. Dislocation densities deduced from the XRD results and those from chemical etching are in a good agreement.
Direct measurements of sheath-accelerated secondary electrons for monitoring the incident ion flux in plasma immersion ion implantation (2002)

This paper reports direct measurements of sheath-accelerated secondary electrons, with a semiconductor detector, during plasma immersion ion implantation in an energy range of several keV. This new method is not essentially affected by a displacement current caused by sheath expansion immediately after a negative high voltage pulse is applied to a target. The technique enables us to obtain the absolute secondary electron flux as well as the secondary electron emission coefficient (SEEC) during the process in a plasma environment for monitoring the incident ion flux. The measured SEEC is rather high, probably because the target surface is oxidized by residual oxygen impurities in a discharge chamber. The incident ion flux estimated from the measured secondary electron flux and the SEEC is in the same order as the expected Bohm flux to the target.
Chitin-Induced Dimerization Activates a Plant Immune Receptor (2012)

Pattern recognition receptors confer plant resistance to pathogen infection by recognizing the conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The cell surface receptor chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 of Arabidopsis (AtCERK1) directly binds chitin through its lysine motif (LysM)-containing ectodomain (AtCERK1-ECD) to activate immune responses. The crystal structure that we solved of an AtCERK1-ECD complexed with a chitin pentamer reveals that their interaction is primarily mediated by a LysM and three chitin residues. By acting as a bivalent ligand, a chitin octamer induces AtCERK1-ECD dimerization that is inhibited by shorter chitin oligomers. A mutation attenuating chitin-induced AtCERK1-ECD dimerization or formation of nonproductive AtCERK1 dimer by overexpression of AtCERK1-ECD compromises AtCERK1-mediated signaling in plant cells. Together, our data support the notion that chitin-induced AtCERK1 dimerization is critical for its activation.
[Isolation of highly purified ribonuclease from cobra (Naja oxiana) venom]. (1976)

Dialysis, gel-chromatography on Sephadex G-75 (superfine) and chromatography on sulphoethylcellulose give high yield (68 per cent) of 162-fold purified ribonuclease from cobra venom. In ion-exchange chromatography, ribonuclease is eluted in two fractions. The fraction with the highest specific activity has a molecular weight of 15900 and is homogeneous in 15 per cent polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.9. Electrophoresis at pH 4.3 reveals a minor fast component of this fraction which also exhibits a ribonuclease activity. Sulphoethylcellulose chromatography fairly separates cobra venom phosphodiesterase and 5'-nucleotidase eluted as a single fraction in gel chromatography.
Emerging use of gene expression microarrays in plant physiology (2003)

Microarrays have become an important technology for the global analysis of gene expression in humans, animals, plants, and microbes. Implemented in the context of a well-designed experiment, cDNA and oligonucleotide arrays can provide highthroughput, simultaneous analysis of transcript abundance for hundreds, if not thousands, of genes. However, despite widespread acceptance, the use of microarrays as a tool to better understand processes of interest to the plant physiologist is still being explored. To help illustrate current uses of microarrays in the plant sciences, several case studies that we believe demonstrate the emerging application of gene expression arrays in plant physiology were selected from among the many posters and presentations at the 2003 Plant and Animal Genome XI Conference. Based on this survey, microarrays are being used to assess gene expression in plants exposed to the experimental manipulation of air temperature, soil water content and aluminium concentration in the root zone. Analysis often includes characterizing transcript profiles for multiple post-treatment sampling periods and categorizing genes with common patterns of response using hierarchical clustering techniques. In addition, microarrays are also providing insights into developmental changes in gene expression associated with fibre and root elongation in cotton and maize, respectively. Technical and analytical limitations of microarrays are discussed and projects attempting to advance areas of microarray design and data analysis are highlighted. Finally, although much work remains, we conclude that microarrays are a valuable tool for the plant physiologist interested in the characterization and identification of individual genes and gene families with potential application in the fields of agriculture, horticulture and forestry.
Layer separation optimization in CMOS compatible multilayer optical networks (2013)

We explore the design space surrounding a CMOS compatible silicon nitride over silicon-on-insulator 3D optical layer for photonic interconnection networks and compare the results with single layer approaches.
Human Ageing Genomic Resources: new and updated databases (2017)

In spite of a growing body of research and data, human ageing remains a poorly understood process. Over 10 years ago we developed the Human Ageing Genomic Resources (HAGR), a collection of databases and tools for studying the biology and genetics of ageing. Here, we present HAGR's main functionalities, highlighting new additions and improvements. HAGR consists of six core databases: (i) the GenAge database of ageing-related genes, in turn composed of a dataset of >300 human ageing-related genes and a dataset with >2000 genes associated with ageing or longevity in model organisms; (ii) the AnAge database of animal ageing and longevity, featuring >4000 species; (iii) the GenDR database with >200 genes associated with the life-extending effects of dietary restriction; (iv) the LongevityMap database of human genetic association studies of longevity with >500 entries; (v) the DrugAge database with >400 ageing or longevity-associated drugs or compounds; (vi) the CellAge database with >200 genes associated with cell senescence. All our databases are manually curated by experts and regularly updated to ensure a high quality data. Cross-links across our databases and to external resources help researchers locate and integrate relevant information. HAGR is freely available online (http://genomics.senescence.info/).
Review and Comparison of Variable Step-Size LMS Algorithms (2016)

The inherent feature of the Least Mean Squares (LMS) algorithm is the step size, and it requires careful adjustment. Small step size, required for small excess mean square error, results in slow convergence. Large step size, needed for fast adaptation, may result in loss of stability. Therefore, many modifications of the LMS algorithm, where the step size changes during the adaptation process depending on some particular characteristics, were and are still being developed.
The Development and Validation of a Dissolution Method for Clomipramine Solid Dosage Forms (2004)

Dissolution testing has emerged in the pharmaceutical field as a very important tool to characterize drug product performance. Clomipramine HCl as a frequently used antidepressant has no dissolution method in its monograph in BP or USP. In vitro dissolution tests of solid oral dosage forms of clomipramine were performed by various methods using different test conditions but always under "sink"conditions. Release profiles of different dosage forms of clomipramine show that release rate from capsules is much faster than from film coated tablet and that release from film coated tablet is faster than from the sugar-coated tablet. Dissolution of almost all forms was complete at 45 minutes. The in vitro release profiles of various tests were compared for their similarity using the f2 test. Results of this test indicate that in most cases dissolution profiles of the different products were significantly different from each other. Under certain conditions,tablets had a more discriminating profile than capsules under the same test conditions. A method using HCl as the dissolution medium in USP Apparatus 2 and stirring speed of 75 rpm,for all solid oral dosage forms of clomipramine could reliably discriminate among different products, if they are truly different. With these conditions,more than 80% of the label amount is released over 30 minutes.
Rational design of smart supramolecular assemblies for gene delivery: chemical challenges in the creation of artificial viruses (2011)

Polymeric materials have been extensively developed as a delivery vehicle for nucleic acids over the past two decades. Many previous studies have demonstrated that synthetic delivery vehicles can be highly functionalized by chemical approaches to overcome biological barriers in nucleic acid delivery, similar to viruses. Based on our current knowledge, this tutorial review describes rational strategies in the design of polymeric materials to achieve construction of the versatile vehicles, that is "artificial viruses", for successful gene therapy, especially focusing on the chemical structures with the minimal adverse effects.
Glut9 is a major regulator of urate homeostasis and its genetic inactivation induces hyperuricosuria and urate nephropathy (2009)

Elevated plasma urate levels are associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal diseases. Urate may also form crystals, which can be deposited in joints causing gout and in kidney tubules inducing nephrolithiasis. In mice, plasma urate levels are controlled by hepatic breakdown, as well as, by incompletely understood renal processes of reabsorption and secretion. Here, we investigated the role of the recently identified urate transporter, Glut9, in the physiological control of urate homeostasis using mice with systemic or liver-specific inactivation of the Glut9 gene. We show that Glut9 is expressed in the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and in both apical and basolateral membranes of the distal nephron. Mice with systemic knockout of Glut9 display moderate hyperuricemia, massive hyperuricosuria, and an early-onset nephropathy, characterized by obstructive lithiasis, tubulointerstitial inflammation, and progressive inflammatory fibrosis of the cortex, as well as, mild renal insufficiency. In contrast, liver-specific inactivation of the Glut9 gene in adult mice leads to severe hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria, in the absence of urate nephropathy or any structural abnormality of the kidney. Together, our data show that Glut9 plays a major role in urate homeostasis by its dual role in urate handling in the kidney and uptake in the liver.
Wideband athermal wavelength monitor integratedwavelength temperature-tunable DFB-LD module (2001)

A wavelength temperature-tunable DFB-LD module containing a wideband athermal birefringent filter for a wavelength monitor has been developed. The FSR and the thermal drift of the filter are measured to be 12.7 nm and 0.26 pm/°C, respectively. By temperature wavelength tuning, ten channel selection for 50 GHz spacing and stabilisation with locking accuracy of ±7 pm are also demonstrated.
Synthesis of mesoporous aluminosilicate with zeolitic characteristics using vapor phase transport (2005)

A mesoporous material with zeolitic characteristics is synthesized by use of a vapor phase transport method for the first time, along with stabilization of the mesostructure during crystallization of the amorphous walls by carbon filling.
UWB microwave imaging for early breast cancer detection: effect of the coupling medium on resolution (2005)

The application of coupling medium in the UWB (ultra-wideband) microwave imaging of early breast cancer has been suggested in various schemes. Generally, the use of coupling medium makes antenna accurate positioning possible and reduces the strong reflection from the air-skin interface. It is shown that the cross-resolution of imaging is related to the dielectric properties of the coupling medium and the distance from probing antenna array to skin. Theoretical and simulation results show that the higher the dielectric constant of coupling medium, the nearer the distance from antenna array to skin, the higher the resolution.
Persistent resistance to HIV-1 infection in CD4 T cells from exposed uninfected Vietnamese individuals is mediated by entry and post-entry blocks (2006)

Various constitutive mechanisms of CD4 T cell resistance to HIV-1 infection, affecting entry or post-entry steps of viral replication, are associated with resistance to HIV-1 in subjects who remain uninfected despite long-term high-risk behavior.
Allons low linolenic acid summer rape (1997)

Allons (Brassica napus L.) is a low linolenic acid canola cultivar which produces seed oil with an average linolenic acid content of 2.5%. The low linolenic oil has a shorter hydrogenation time and greater stability than standard canola oil. Allons is higher yielding and contains higher seed oil and lower meal protein than the low linolenic cultivar Stellar. Allons is adapted to the long season B. napus canola growing areas of western Canada. Key words: Rape (summer), low linolenic, cultivar description
Bayesian structural content abstraction for image authentication using Markov pixon model (2005)

We present a hierarchical representation of image structure and use it for image content authentication. Firstly, we model the image with the Markov pixon random field. Within the Bayesian framework, the optimal label map and regional pixon map can be obtained, based on which we define a non-directed graph, or namely Bayesian structural content abstraction (BaSCA). This representation captures the spatial topology information of homogeneous regions as well as their finest scale and interactions. Then, an efficient optimization scheme has been proposed to iteratively minimize the learning error to all content-identical image samples generated by an acceptable operation set defined by the user. In addition, we use the regional pixon map to remove spurious vertices and thus to establish a BaSCA hierarchy naturally. The BaSCA itself and its features can act as the signature of the protected image. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach has much less false positive and comparable false negative probability compared with the existing methods.
OSW-1: a Natural Compound With Potent Anticancer Activity and a Novel Mechanism of Action (2005)

The naturally occurring compound 3beta,16beta,17alpha-trihydroxycholest-5-en-22-one 16-O-(2-O-4-methoxybenzoyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-(2-O-acetyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) (OSW-1) is found in the bulbs of Ornithogalum saudersiae and is highly cytotoxic against tumor cell lines. Using various human cancer and nonmalignant cell lines, we investigated the anticancer activity and selectivity of OSW-1 and its underlying mechanisms of action. OSW-1 exhibited extremely potent cytotoxic activity against cancer cells in vitro. Nonmalignant cells were statistically significantly less sensitive to OSW-1 than cancer cells, with concentrations that cause a 50% loss of cell viability 40-150-fold greater than those observed in malignant cells. Electron microscopy and biochemical analyses revealed that OSW-1 damaged the mitochondrial membrane and cristae in both human leukemia and pancreatic cancer cells, leading to the loss of transmembrane potential, increase of cytosolic calcium, and activation of calcium-dependent apoptosis. Clones of leukemia cells with mitochondrial DNA defects and respiration deficiency that had adapted the ability to survive in culture without mitochondrial respiration also were resistant to OSW-1. In vitro analysis revealed that OSW-1 effectively killed primary leukemia cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with disease refractory to fludarabine. The promising anticancer activity of OSW-1 and its unique mechanism of action make this compound worthy of further investigation for its potential to overcome drug resistance.
New Target Controlled Infusion Using a Hybrid Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model (2008)

New target controlled infusion (TCI) for propofol using a hybrid physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was proposed in this paper. The hybrid model was composed of a three-compartment mamillary systemic model and a two-compartment brain model. A closed-loop control algorithm with brain concentration as the control variable was used to calculate the infusion. Finally, the dose regimen was applied in clinical practice and the recorded auditory evoked potentials showed good depth of anaesthesia. The TCI was feasible and had potential applications.
Application of neural and statistical classifiers to the problem of seafloor characterization (1993)

Simulated seafloor backscatter is obtained by employing the Kirchhoff approximation and the statistical properties of bottom reverberation. Such data are presented to multilayer perceptrons for training and testing, aiming at the development of a neural processor that discriminates among signal returns coming from seafloors with different roughness parameters. Experiments on the same data sets are performed with optimum Bayesian classifiers as well; a comparison of the results indicates suboptimum performance for the perceptrons. The same procedure is followed with real data collected by the bathymetric system Sea Beam over Horizon Guyot and Magellan Rise. In this case, the perceptron performance is comparable to that of the Bayesian classifier, which is no longer optimum, since no prior knowledge of the probability distribution parameters is available. In addition, self-organizing maps have been applied to both synthetic and real data sets and resulted in a successful separation of the output space into distinct regions corresponding to the existing classes. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research, Code 1125GG, through Contract No. N00014-93-I-0049.]
Modeling and mitigation of jitter in multiGbps source-synchronous I/O links (2004)

Jitter significantly limits the maximum achievable data rates (MADR) over high-speed source-synchronous I/O links. In this paper, we present a simple model that comprehends transmitter and receiver jitter in a source-synchronous I/O link. We show that the channel can have a significant impact on transmit jitter at high data rates, resulting in 1.1X-3.8X jitter amplification for typical cases. We quantify the performance degradation of transmit/receive equalization and multilevel modulation schemes, due to jitter in highspeed I/O links. We present two design techniques to mitigate the effect of jitter on performance - transmission of a slower source-synchronous clock, and jitter equalization. Both techniques can improve MADR by 13% when signaling over a 20" FR4 channel.
A novel low-cost current-sharing method for automotive LED-lighting systems (2009)

A novel low cost and passive current-sharing method for parallel connected LEDs is presented. The current-balancing concept is based on discontinuous inductor currents. An analysis has been performed and a prototype converter has been built and tested. The prototype converter drives 36 high-brightness LEDs consisting of six parallel strings with six high-brightness LEDs connected in series. The converter is designed for an automotive head-light system operating directly from the 14V electrical automotive power net. Experimental results are in good correlation with theoretical predictions and demonstrate the good current-balancing performance.