gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review on High Step up DC-DC Converter for High Voltage Gain (2016)

DC/DC converters has major significance in the renewable grid-connected power applications because of the low voltage of PV arrays and fuel cells. In order to connect them to the grid the voltage level has to be adjusted according to the electrical standards in the countries. DC-DC converters are electronic devices which is used to change DC power efficiently from one voltage level to another. This paper gives the literature survey on various types of converters used to obtain high voltage gain in sustainable energy systems such as photovoltaic systems, fuel systems. This survey also shows the disadvantages of the other converters and the characteristics of the non-isolated converter for high static gain and efficiency in industrial applications.
Comparison of breast motion at different levels of support during physical activity (2017)

This study is supported by Ministry of Science and Technology grants 103-2815-C-006-037-H and 105-2410-H-006-052, TAIWAN, and OT Motion Lab, Department of Occupational Therapy, National Cheng Kung University.
Gene therapy in optic nerve disease (2018)

Additional studies will have to evaluate long-term efficacy and safety of these potential treatments, as well as the consequences of manipulating tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes.
Hepadnavirus Infection in Captive Gibbons (2000)

The recent isolation of a nonhuman primate hepadnavirus from woolly monkeys prompted an examination of other primates for potentially new hepadnaviruses. A serological analysis of 30 captive gibbons revealed that 47% were positive for at least one marker of ongoing or previous infection with a hepatitis B virus (HBV). The amino acid sequences of the core and surface genes of human and gibbon virus isolates were very similar. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the gibbon isolates lie within the human HBV family, indicating that these HBV isolates most likely stem from infection of gibbons from a human source.
Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans by Mn(OAc)<sub>3</sub>-Based Oxidative Cycloaddition of 2-Cyclohexenones with Alkenes. Synthesis of (±)-Conocarpan (1997)

Oxidative cycloaddition of a 2-cyclohexenone or α-tetralone and an alkene with dried Mn(OAc)3 in benzene at 80−140 °C provides a general route to dihydrobenzofurans 15 and dihydronaphthofurans 17. Although the yields are modest, this one-pot reaction provides simple access to these compounds, which have previously been prepared by multistep routes. Oxidative cycloaddition of 2-cyclohexenones with β-methylstyrenes provides a new route to benzofuranoid neolignans, which was applied to the synthesis of conocarpan (22). The formation of 2-acetoxyhexanedioic acids 27 and 47 from acetoxylation of 2-cyclohexenones in HOAc, but not in benzene, opens up a new class of Mn(OAc)3 reactions and explains Watt and Demir's discovery that much higher yields of α‘-acetoxy enones are obtained in benzene than in HOAc.
Reversal of weightlessness-induced musculoskeletal losses with androgens: quantification by MRI (1999)

Microgravity causes rapid decrement in musculoskeletal mass is associated with a marked decrease in circulatory testosterone levels, as we reported in hindlimb-suspended (HLS) rats. In this model which simulates microgravity, we hypothesized that testosterone supplementation should prevent these losses, and we tested this in two studies. Muscle volumes and bone masses were quantitated by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on day 12. In the first study, 12-wk-old Sprague-Dawley rats that were HLS for 12 days lost 28.5% of muscle volume (53.3 +/- 4.8 vs. 74.5 +/- 3.6 cm3 in the ground control rats; P < 0.001) and had a 5% decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.05). In the second study, 30 male 12-wk-old Wistar rats were HLS and were administered either a vehicle (control), testosterone, or nandrolone decanoate (ND). An additional 20 rats were used as ground controls, one-half of which received testosterone. HLS rats had a significant reduction in muscle volume (42.9 +/- 3.0 vs. 56 +/- 1.8 cm3 in ground control rats; P < 0.01). Both testosterone and ND treatments prevented this muscle loss (51.5 +/- 2 and 51.6 +/- 1.2 cm3, respectively; a 63% improvement; P < 0. 05). There were no statistical differences between the two active treatment groups nor with the ground controls. Similarly, there was an 85% improvement in BMD in the testosterone group (1.15 +/- 0.04 vs. 1.04 +/- 0.04 density units in vehicle controls; P < 0.05) and a 76% improvement in the ND group (1.13 +/- 0.07 density units), whereas ground control rats had a BMD of 1.17 +/- 0.03 density units. Because serum testosterone levels are markedly reduced in this model of simulated microgravity, androgen replacement seems to be a rational countermeasure to prevent microgravity-induced musculoskeletal losses.
Short-term traffic flow prediction models-a comparison of neural network and nonparametric regression approaches (2002)

Traffic flow prediction models are expected to play an important role in intelligent vehicle highway systems. This paper demonstrate that the nearest neighbour models have the potential to serve as accurate and portable traffic flow prediction models. Furthermore the models have the advantages of being easily understood by field personnel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Apparent Power-Law Behavior of Conductance in Disordered Quasi-One-Dimensional Systems (2010)

The dependence of hopping conductance on temperature and voltage for an ensemble of modestly long one-dimensional wires is studied numerically using the shortest-path algorithm. In a wide range of parameters this dependence can be approximated by a power law rather than the usual stretched-exponential form. The relation to recent experiments and prior analytical theory is discussed.
A Novel Technique for the Investigation of Drilling Fluid Induced Borehole Instability in Shales (1994)

Abstract A new experimental technique for the investigation of drilling-fluid induced borehole instability in shales is introduced. Pressure transmission transients are used to study pressure penetration in shales, the latter being a main shale-destabilising mechanism. The pressure transmission method provides a powerful tool for the fundamental study of shale-fluid interactions and for the development of improved water-based mud formulations to promote borehole stabilisation in shales. The capabilities of the method are illustrated by permeability measurements made in low-permeability shales. In addition, a wide range of conventional and new mud systems is screened and the shale-stabilising performance of these systems is assessed. It is argued that the strategy for promoting borehole stability in shales through improved mud formulation should be based on maintaining pressure isolation between wellbore and formation.
An Evaluation of Environmental Decontamination With Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor for Reducing the Risk of Patient Acquisition of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (2012)

HPV decontamination reduced environmental contamination and the risk of acquiring MDROs compared with standard cleaning protocols.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in a dog with acute large granular lymphocytic leukemia (2015)

Acute leukemias in dogs are rapidly fatal diseases. If an appropriate donor can be located, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation may offer a feasible treatment, although peripheral blood CD34+ cell harvesting requires the availability of cell separator machines and management of graft-versus-host disease with immunosuppressive agents.
Room-temperature CW diode-pumped Cr2+:ZnSe laser (2001)

True CW diode-pumped operation of Cr2+:ZnSe laser at room temperature is reported. In the end-pumped configuration the laser delivered up to 25 mW of output power at 2512 nm. Tuning between 2380-2630 has been realized.
Temporal Narrowing of Neutrons Produced by High-Intensity Short-Pulse Lasers (2015)

The production of neutron beams having short temporal duration is studied using ultraintense laser pulses. Laser-accelerated protons are spectrally filtered using a laser-triggered microlens to produce a short duration neutron pulse via nuclear reactions induced in a converter material (LiF). This produces a ∼3 ns duration neutron pulse with 10(4) n/MeV/sr/shot at 0.56 m from the laser-irradiated proton source. The large spatial separation between the neutron production and the proton source allows for shielding from the copious and undesirable radiation resulting from the laser-plasma interaction. This neutron pulse compares favorably to the duration of conventional accelerator sources and should scale up with, present and future, higher energy laser facilities to produce brighter and shorter neutron beams for ultrafast probing of dense materials.
Preferential Reduction of Fe(III) over Fumarate by <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i> (2004)

The presence of Fe(III), but not that of Fe(II), resulted in ca. 20-fold-lower levels of mRNA for fumarate reductase, inhibiting fumarate reduction and favoring utilization of fumarate as an electron donor in chemostat cultures of Geobacter sulfurreducens, despite the fact that growth yield with fumarate was 3-fold higher than with Fe(III).
Enzymologically different characteristics between influenza A and B virus neuraminidases. (1986)

Neuraminidase (NA) activity of 10 strains of influenza A and 10 strains of influenza B virus was determined by fluorometric and colorimetric assays using 4-methylumbelliferyl (4-MU)-N-Ac-α-D-neuraminide and fetuin as the substrate, respectively.The ratio of NA activity measured by colorimetric assay to that measured by fluorometric assay was significantly higher with influenza B virus than with influenza A virus. When measured by fluorometric assay, NA activity of influenza A virus was strongly inhibited by etylenediaminetetraacetate, while that of influenza B virus was not. Influenza B virus NA was also significantly less susceptible to competitive inhibition by N-acetylneuraminic acid than influenza A virus NA, suggesting the different substrate specificity of the two NAs.It is worth to note that such an enzymological heterogeneity between influenza A and B virus NAs is demonstrated only by the use of a low molecular weight synthetic substrate, 4-MU-N-Ac-α-D-neuraminide and fluorometric assay.
Greater Reduction of Balance as a Result of Increased Plantar Fascia Elasticity at Ovulation during the Menstrual Cycle (2015)

One of the sexual hormones, estrogen, increases elasticity of human connective tissue such as the anterior cruciate ligament during the menstrual cycle in women. In the present investigation, the plantar fascia was investigated to see if there is a difference in elasticity with the menstrual cycle. Fifteen young healthy females in the age range of 18-35 years old with a regular menstrual cycle were tested twice throughout one full menstrual cycle; once during the early follicular phases and once at ovulation. Foot length, while standing on both feet and one foot were used to assess plantar fascia elasticity, ultrasound measured plantar fascia thickness while lying and standing, and posture sway and tremor using a balance platform during 8 different balance tests were assessed to see the impact of elasticity changes. Foot length increased significantly at ovulation compared to menstruation when standing on two feet (p = 0.03) and standing on one foot (p < 0.001). There was also a significant increase in plantar fascia in thinning per kilogram weight applied to the foot at ovulation compared to menstruation (p = 0.014). Associated with this increase in elasticity at ovulation, there was a reduction in balance in the most difficult balance tasks and an increase in tremor during ovulation (p < 0.05). Plantar fascia elasticity change during the menstrual cycle might have effects on posture sway and tremor, which could have a potential risk of falling. Therefore, healthy professionals working with young female adults should recognize these physiological effects.
Drug-induced Immune Thrombocytopenia (1991)

SUMMARY. Immune thrombocytopenia is a relatively common problem associated with the clinical usage of drugs. Drugs frequently implicated include quinine, quinidine, heparin, penicillins, cephalosporins, co-trimoxazole, gold and D-penicillamine. Bleeding including bruising and purpura is the usual clinical manifestation except in immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in which thrombosis occurs more frequently than bleeding. Cessation of the offending drug is the important step in the treatment but other measures may also be required such as platelet transfusion and steroid therapy for patients with clinical bleeding or antithrombotic therapy with warfarin and dextran or low molecular weight heparin/heparinoid for patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Idiosyncratic drug-induced thrombocytopenia is mediated by an antibody which binds to platelets only in the presence of the drug resulting in the clearance of sensitised platelets by the reticuloendothelial system. In quinine/quinidine-induced thrombocytopenia, the antibodies recognise drug-dependent epitopes on platelet membrane glycoproteins Ib-IX and/or glycoproteins IIb-IIIa. In immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia the current data suggest a mechanism which probably involves the binding of heparin-antibody complexes to the platelet Fc receptors but the precise mechanism is yet to be fully characterised. The associated thrombosis in this condition is likely to be due to platelet activation and possibly endothelial cell damage induced by the heparin-related antibody.
Small-junction-area GaInAs/InP <i>pin</i> photodiode with monolithic microlens (1988)

We report on a back-illuminated GaInAs/InP pin photodiode with a monolithic microlens that we have fabricated. The photodiode has both an ultrabroad bandwidth of 18 GHz and a high quantum efficiency of about 84%. It achieves this by using a small pin junction area while maintaining a large fibre alignment tolerance by incorporating an InP microlens. The photodiode capacitance was 20 fF for a junction diameter of approximately 15μm.
Plot-polling: Collaborative Knowledge Visualization for Online Discussions (2006)

Online communities are extremely popular; yet most of them still rely primarily on text for knowledge creation and communication. This paper describes a graphical Webpoll prototype - a mix of information, knowledge, and social visualization - that has been designed and deployed in an online discussion board on herbal antidepressants. The prototype, hereby named the "plot-poll", allows users to collaboratively construct a sequence of mini histograms that indicate experienced mood change during a ten week period. The pilot study shows that plot-polling is quite effective in engaging low-frequency contributors to participate. More work is required to support these findings, and reveal whether the graphic format is able to provide affective qualities to the user experience
Evaporation Characteristics of Materials from an Electron Beam Evaporation Source (2011)

Electron beam evaporation source is widely used to prepare thin films by physical vapor deposition because it is very effective to vaporize materials and there is virtually no limit to vaporize materials including metals and compounds such as oxide. In this study, evaporation characteristics of various metals and compounds from an electron beam evaporation source have been studied. The 180 degree deflection type electron beam evaporation source which has 6-hearth crucibles and is capable of inputting power up to 10 kW was employed for evaporation experiment. 36 materials including metals, oxides and fluorides have been tested and described in terms of optimum crucible liner, evaporation state, stability, and so on. Various crucible liners have been tried to find out the most effective way to vaporize materials. Two types of crucible liners have been employed in this experiment. One is contact type liner, and the other is non-contact type one. It has been tried to give the objective information and the most effective evaporation method on the evaporation of materials from the electron beam evaporation source. It is concluded that the electron beam evaporation source can be used to prepare good quality films by choosing the appropriate crucible liner.
A 2.5 nJ/bit 0.65 V Pulsed UWB Receiver in 90 nm CMOS (2007)

A noncoherent 0-16.7 Mb/s ultra-wideband (UWB) receiver using 3-5 GHz subbanded pulse-position modulation (PPM) signaling is implemented in a 90 nm CMOS process. The RF and mixed-signal baseband circuits operate at 0.65 V and 0.5 V, respectively. Using duty-cycling, adjustable bandpass filters, and a relative-compare baseband, the receiver achieves 2.5 nJ/bit at 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> BER with -99 dBm best case sensitivity at 100 kb/s. The energy efficiency is maintained across three orders of magnitude in data rate. For data rates less than 10 kb/s, leakage power dominates energy/bit.
High-Performance Rekeying Processor Architecture for Group Key Management (2009)

Group key management is a critical task in secure multicast applications such as Pay-TV over the Internet. The communication group key must be updated and distributed after every change in the group membership. Many solutions have been proposed in the last years to minimize the cost of this rekeying process on the server side. Most of these solutions are tree-based approaches such as the logical key hierarchy. These approaches suffer from three problems. First, tree-based solutions aim at minimizing rekeying costs only by reducing the number of needed cryptographic operations such as encryption or secure hashing. Second, these solutions do not treat the time-consuming digital signing needed to authenticate rekeying messages. Third, tree-based approaches manage huge amounts of keys by software which compromises security. In this paper, a novel hardware/software architecture is proposed, which optimizes the rekeying performance not only by minimizing the number of cryptographic operations, but also by reducing the execution times of these operations including digital signing with the aid of hardware acceleration. All help-keys are generated, managed, and stored on hardware, which enhances the system security. To keep flexibility, control-intensive tasks such as tree management are performed as software functions on the embedded processor. The presented rekeying processor is designed based on a comprehensive security analysis with the aid of a novel illustration for security threats, requirements, and technical solutions, a so-called security Y-diagram. A performance measurement on a prototype implementation shows that the rekeying processor can join and disjoin members much faster than software solutions besides supporting much larger groups.
The SACSO methodology for troubleshooting complex systems (2001)

The paper describes the task of performing efficient decision-theoretic troubleshooting of electromechanical devices. In general, this task is NP-complete, but under fairly strict assumptions, a greedy approach will yield an optimal sequence of actions, as discussed in the paper. This set of assumptions is weaker than the set proposed by Heckerman et al. (1995). However, the printing system domain, which motivated the research and which is described in detail in the paper, does not meet the requirements for the greedy approach, and a heuristic method is used. The method takes value of identification of the fault into account and it also performs a partial two-step look-ahead analysis. We compare the results of the heuristic method with optimal sequences of actions, and find only minor differences between the two.
Taming effects with monadic typing (1998)

The familiar Hindley-Milner type system of the ML language family is extended with monad annotations to account for possible side effects of expression evaluation. This also allows effects to be effectively encapsulated by lexical scopes Γ with enforcement provided by type checking. A type-and-effects analysis supports type inference. Type soundness and completeness theorems establish the coherence of monadic type inference with the reference semantics of a small ML-style language.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydration of Alkynes by a PtCl4‐CO Catalyst. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Metagenomic resolution of microbial functions in deep-sea hydrothermal plumes across the Eastern Lau Spreading Center (2015)

Microbial processes within deep-sea hydrothermal plumes affect ocean biogeochemistry on global scales. In rising hydrothermal plumes, a combination of microbial metabolism and particle formation processes initiate the transformation of reduced chemicals like hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, methane, iron, manganese and ammonia that are abundant in hydrothermal vent fluids. Despite the biogeochemical importance of this rising portion of plumes, it is understudied in comparison to neutrally buoyant plumes. Here we use metagenomics and bioenergetic modeling to describe the abundance and genetic potential of microorganisms in relation to available electron donors in five different hydrothermal plumes and three associated background deep-sea waters from the Eastern Lau Spreading Center located in the Western Pacific Ocean. Three hundred and thirty one distinct genomic 'bins' were identified, comprising an estimated 951 genomes of archaea, bacteria, eukarya and viruses. A significant proportion of these genomes is from novel microorganisms and thus reveals insights into the energy metabolism of heretofore unknown microbial groups. Community-wide analyses of genes encoding enzymes that oxidize inorganic energy sources showed that sulfur oxidation was the most abundant and diverse chemolithotrophic microbial metabolism in the community. Genes for sulfur oxidation were commonly present in genomic bins that also contained genes for oxidation of hydrogen and methane, suggesting metabolic versatility in these microbial groups. The relative diversity and abundance of genes encoding hydrogen oxidation was moderate, whereas that of genes for methane and ammonia oxidation was low in comparison to sulfur oxidation. Bioenergetic-thermodynamic modeling supports the metagenomic analyses, showing that oxidation of elemental sulfur with oxygen is the most dominant catabolic reaction in the hydrothermal plumes. We conclude that the energy metabolism of microbial communities inhabiting rising hydrothermal plumes is dictated by the underlying plume chemistry, with a dominant role for sulfur-based chemolithoautotrophy.