gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical and Analytical Approaches for Calculating the Effective Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Three-Phase Composites (2007)

Abstract The aim of this article is to envisage the effective thermo-mechanical properties of three phase composites made up of coated unidirectional cylindrical fibers using homogenization techniques. The main focus is on square arrangements of cylindrical fibers in composite. The numerical approach is based on the micro-mechanical unit cell modeling technique using finite element method (FEM) with appropriate boundary conditions and it allows the extension to composites with arbitrary geometrical inclusion configurations, providing a powerful tool for fast calculation of their effective properties. The results obtained from the numerical technique are compared with those obtained by means of the analytical asymptotic homogenization method (AHM) for different fiber volume fractions. In order to analyze the interphase effect, the effective properties are compared with the results obtained from some theoretical approaches reported in the literature. Keywords: Effective thermo-mechanical propertiesFEMHomogenizationInterphaseThree-phase composite This work has been supported by DFG Graduiertenkolleg 828 "Micro-Macro Interactions in Structured Media and Particle Systems" at the University of Magdeburg. Thanks also to the project PNCB IBMFQ 09-2004 and FENOMEC, PAPIIT, DGAPA, UNAM-Mexico, under grant IN101705. These supports are greatly acknowledged.
Numerical Implementation of a Backward Probabilistic Model of Ground Water Contamination (2004)

Backward location and travel time probabilities can be used to characterize known and unknown sources or prior positions of ground water contamination. Backward location probability describes the position of the observed contamination at some time in the past; backward travel time probability describes the amount of time prior to observation that the contamination was released from its source or was at a particular upgradient location. The governing equation for backward probabilities is the adjoint of the governing equation for contaminant transport, but with new load terms. Numerical codes that have been written to solve the forward equations of contaminant transport, e.g., the advection-dispersion equation, can also be used to solve the adjoint equation for location and travel time probabilities; however, the interpretation of the results is different and some new approximations must be made for the load terms. We present the governing equations for backward location and travel time probabilities, and provide appropriate numerical approximations for these load terms using the cell-centered finite difference method, one of the most popular numerical methods in ground water hydrology. We discuss some additional numerical considerations for the backward model including boundary conditions, reversal of the flow field, and interpretation of the results. We illustrate the implementation of the backward probability model using hypothetical examples in one- and two-dimensional domains. We also present a three-dimensional application of a pump-and-treat remediation capture zone delineation at the Massachusetts Military Reservation. The illustrations are performed using MODFLOW-96 for flow simulations and MT3DMS for transport simulations.
Transformation of Neurospora crassa with recombinant plasmids containing the cloned glutamate dehydrogenase (am) gene: evidence for autonomous replication of the transforming plasmid. (1984)

We have characterized Neurospora crassa transformants obtained with plasmid pJR2, which consists of the Neurospora glutamate dehydrogenase (am) gene cloned in pUC8 and an am132 host strain which contains a deletion encompassing the cloned fragment. Every one of 33 transformants tested showed extreme meiotic instability: less than 1 or 2% am+ progeny were obtained in initial or successive backcrosses between am+ transformants and am132 or in intercrosses between am+ progeny. Furthermore, am+ progeny from backcrosses gave a high proportion of auxotrophic (am) mitotic segregants during vegetative growth. These results indicate that the am+ character is not stably integrated into chromosomal DNA in any of the transformants tested. Nuclear DNAs from six transformants were analyzed by Southern hybridization. All six transformants contained sequences homologous to pJR2. Four showed restriction fragments expected for unmodified pJR2, but most showed additional bands. Southern blots of undigested DNAs showed that the plasmid sequences are present predominantly in high-molecular-weight form (larger than 20 kilobases). Southern blots showed that auxotrophic (am) progeny from a backcross to am132 had lost restriction bands corresponding to free plasmid but retained additional bands, apparently integrated into chromosomal DNA in a nonfunctional manner. Considered together, these results are most reasonably interpreted as follows: recombinant plasmids containing the am+ gene can replicate autonomously in N. crassa, the free plasmids are present in oligomeric or modified form or both, and plasmid sequences also integrate at multiple sites in the deletion host but in a nonfunctional manner. An alternate interpretation--that tandem repeats of the plasmid are integrated into chromosomal DNA but eliminated during meiosis--cannot be completely excluded. However, stable integration of the am gene can be obtained under a variety of other conditions, viz., using the am gene cloned in a phage lambda vector (J. A. Kinsey and J. A. Rambosek, Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:117-122, 1984), using derivatives of pJR2, or using pJR2 to transform a frameshift mutant.
Effect of individual and multiple antioxidant vitamins on growth and morphology of human nontumorigenic and tumorigenic parotid acinar cells in culture (1996)

The effects of individual and multiple antioxidant vitamins on growth and morphology of human nontumorigenic (2HPC8) and tumorigenic (2HP1G) parotid acinar cells in culture have not been investigated. Our study showed that tumorigenic acinar cells were more sensitive than nontumorigenic acinar cells to individual vitamins such as vitamin C, beta-carotene (BC), d-alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TS), and retinoic acid (RA) and a mixture of four vitamins (vitamin C, BC, alpha-TS, and RA). The effect of individual vitamins on tumorigenic acinar cells depended on the dose and the type of vitamins. Vitamin C at a low concentration stimulated growth, but at a high concentration it inhibited growth. BC was most effective in reducing growth, and it alone caused extensive morphological changes in tumorigenic acinar cells. A mixture of four vitamins at appropriate doses was more effective than a mixture of two or three vitamins at the same doses in reducing the growth of tumorigenic acinar cells. The extent of growth inhibition depended on the dose and the type of vitamins. Our results suggest that the use of multiple antioxidant vitamins is essential for a maximal reduction in cancer incidence among a high-risk population. The use of one or two vitamins may be ineffective or even harmful.
Checking ownership and confinement (2004)

Abstract A number of proposals to manage aliasing in Java‐like programming languages have been advanced over the last five years. It is not clear how practical these proposals are, that is, how well they relate to the kinds of programs currently written in Java‐like languages. To address this problem, we analysed heap snapshots from a corpus of Java programs. Our results indicate that object‐oriented programs do in fact exhibit symptoms of encapsulation in practice, and that proposed models of uniqueness, ownership, and confinement can usefully describe the aliasing structures of object‐oriented programs. Understanding the kinds of aliasing present in programs should help us to design formalisms to make explicit the kinds of aliasing implicit in object‐oriented programs. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observation of a negative differential resistance due to tunneling through a single barrier into a quantum well (1986)

We have observed a negative differential resistance (NDR) in a single-barrier tunneling structure in which electrons tunnel from a doped semiconductor emitter layer into a quantum well (QW) layer and subsequently drift laterally to a specially designed contact. Pronounced NDR is seen already at room temperature and at 77 K the peak to valley (PTV) ratio in current is more than 2:1. Our results lend support to a recent hypothesis by Luryi [Appl. Phys. Lett. 47, 490 (1985)] that the NDR in double-barrier tunneling structures is not related to a resonant enhancement of the tunneling probability at selected electron energies, but rather originates from tunneling into a system of electron states of reduced dimensionality. For comparison we have also fabricated a QW structure with two tunneling barriers, in which the parameters of the emitter barrier and the QW are identical to those in the single-barrier structure. In the double-barrier structure we have obtained current densities as high as 4×104 A/cm2 and a NDR with PTV ratios of 3:1 at 300 K and 9:1 at 77 K.
Add to the Real [Media Beat (2010)

This article looks at the influence of augmented reality technology on the exploration of real locations through the help of experiential as well as mere informative metadata.—Frank Nack
Critical evaluation of stability constants and thermodynamic functions of metal complexes of crown ethers (IUPAC Technical Report) (2003)

Abstract Stability constants and thermodynamic functions of metal complexes of crown ethers in various solvents published between 1971 and the beginning of 2000 have been critically evaluated. The most studied crown ethers have been selected: 1,4,7,10 tetraoxacyclododecane (12C4), 1,4,7,10,13 pentaoxacyclopentadecane (15C5), and 1,4,7,10,13,16 hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18C6). The metal ions chosen are: alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, Ag + , Tl + , Cd 2+ , and Pb 2+ . The solvents considered are: water, methanol, ethanol, and their mixtures, as well as acetonitrile, N , N' -dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and propylene carbonate. The published data have been examined and grouped into two categories, “accepted” and “rejected”. The “accepted” values were considered as: (i) recommended ( R ), when the standard deviations (s.d.) on the constant K or on Δ r H were inferior to 0.05 lg unit or inferior to 1 kJ mol −1 , respectively; (ii) provisional ( P ), when s.d. is superior to 0.05 and inferior to 0.2 for lg K or s.d. is superior to 1 and inferior to 2 kJ mol −1 for Δ r H ; (iii) recommended 1 ( R1 ), if the values were obtained by a single research group, but were considered reliable in comparison with related systems, and considering that the research team usually presents R-level values for other similar systems.
Thixotropic elasto-viscoplastic model for structured fluids (2011)

A constitutive model for structured fluids is presented. Its predictive capability includes thixotropy, viscoelasticity and yielding behavior. It is composed by two differential equations, one for the stress and the other for the structure parameter—a scalar quantity that represents the structuring level of the fluid. The equation for stress is obtained in accordance with a simple mechanical analog composed by a structuring-level-dependent Maxwell element in parallel with a Newtonian element, leading to an equation of the same form as the Jeffreys (or Oldroyd-B) equation. The relaxation and retardation times that arise are functions of the structure parameter. The ideas found in de Souza Mendes, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 2009, 164, 66 are employed for the structure parameter equation as well as for the dependencies on the structure parameter of the structural viscosity and structural shear modulus. The model is employed in constant-rate, constant-stress, and oscillatory shear flows, and its predictive capability is shown to be excellent for all cases.
Some experimental studies on<sup>89</sup>Zr production (2011)

Abstract The radionuclide 89 Zr ( T 1/2 =78.4ߙh) is particularly attractive for in vivo assessment of biochemical proesses characterized by biological half times in the order of several hours. In the present study we assessed the feasibility of 89 Zr production via the 89 Y( p , n ) 89 Zr reaction. Irradiation tests were performed using a 16.5ߙMeV GE-PETtrace cyclotron. High purity (>99.9%) yttrium metallic foils (0.15ߙmm) were irradiated in a solid target station developed in our Institution. The literature cross section data of all the nuclear reactions possible in the energy range of interest were carefully studied to optimize the irradiation parameters. The irradiated target was dissolved in 1ߙN HCl and the activity of the sample was measured in a CRC-15 PET dose calibrator, setting different values for the calibration factor. The sample activity was then measured usin g a calibrated HPGe gamma ray detector. A comparison of the activity measurements allowed the evaluation of the calibration factor for the Capintec CRC-15 PET; for a 3ߙml syringe geometry, it was found 739±60. Saturation yields of 89 Zr were found to be 1150±110ߙMBq/μA for a single 0.15ߙmm thick disc irradiation ( E p =12.6→11.2ߙMeV) and 2400±220ߙMBq/μA for irradiation of two discs of total thickness 0.3ߙmm ( E p =12.6→9.5MeV). Total produced activities in the range of 200–400ߙMBq (according to target thickness) were repeatedly and safely obtained by 60ߙmin bombardments at 20ߙμA. Analysis of gamma ray spectra of all the samples showed a very high radionuclidic purity (>99.9995%).
Endocrine control of stress-induced heat shock protein 70 expression in vivo. (1994)

These data show dramatic induction of HSP70 messenger RNA expression in adrenal and aortic tissues after restraint stress. Differential organ specific HSP regulation is evidenced by the ability of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone to attenuate the adrenal but not the aortic response. The significant effect of RU486 on the aortic response suggests the possibility of vascular glucocorticoid-catecholamine interactions.
Suppression of Friend leukemia cell-induced tumours by cellular preparations of Candida albicans. (1983)

Inactivated cellular preparations and cell wall materials of Candida albicans (CA) were tested for their capacity to suppress the growth of Friend Leukemia Cell (FLC)-induced tumours and the infection by Friend Leukemia Virus (FLV) in histocompatible mice. Factors affecting the inhibition of tumor growth by CA cellular preparations were: i) the schedule of agent administration; ii) the method of cell inactivation; iii) the FLC load. In particular, mice given 10(7) yeast cells, inactivated by cold alkali, on days -14 and +1 with respect to 10(4) FLC challenge on day 0 did not develop tumors. A crude cell wall fraction derived from cells extracted with hot alkali was still effective in reducing (but not suppressing) tumour growth whereas a purified, particulate glucan fraction (glucan "ghosts", essentially consisting of beta 1,3-1,6 glucan) was ineffective. No cellular preparation or cell wall fraction exerted anti-FLV effects (as shown by splenomegaly measurements) nor did any CA material induce interferon-like activity in the serum of animals injected with either FLC or FLV. Therefore, the observed antitumor activity by CA was not mediated by antiviral effects but possibly due to an "adjuvant-type", nonspecific, immunopotentiation of host antitumor response, as documented in other animal tumor models.
Characterization of recombinant human Kirsten-ras (4B) p21 produced at high levels in Escherichia coli and insect baculovirus expression systems (1991)

Kirsten-ras is the oncogene most frequently activated in human tumors. Studies of its biological function have been limited by the nonavailability of significant amounts of the major protein product, Kirsten-ras (4B) p21. When expressed in Escherichia coli K12, the recombinant protein was rapidly cleaved upon cell lysis in the lysine-rich C terminus region, probably by the ompT protease. However, soluble full-length protein was obtained when the Kirsten-ras gene was expressed in an E. coli strain lacking the ompT gene, and also in a baculovirus/insect cell expression system. Additionally, the baculovirus/insect cell system produced about half of the Kirsten-ras protein in a membrane-associated form, which was post-translationally modified by polyisoprenylation and carboxyl-methylation. A C-terminally truncated form (residues 1-166) was also expressed at high levels in E. coli for x-ray crystallographic studies. The kinetics of GDP release and of GTP hydrolysis of the purified proteins are similar to those of the corresponding Harvey-ras proteins, though there are small differences in the relative affinities for GDP and GTP. Biological activity of full-length Kirsten Val-12 p21 was demonstrated by microinjection into Swiss 3T3 cells, resulting in morphological transformation, with a lower potency than that of Harvey Val-12 protein.
Molecular Structure of the Fulleride Anions in Superconducting K3C60 and Insulating K6C60 Determined by Powder Neutron Diffraction (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Structure of the Fulleride Anions in Superconducting K3C60 and Insulating K6C60 Determined by Powder Neutron DiffractionK. M. Allen, W. I. F. David, J. M. Fox, R. M. Ibberson, and M. J. RosseinskyCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 4, 764–770Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00052a023Request reuse permissionsArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (755 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transient overexpression of exogenous APOBEC3A causes C-to-U RNA editing of thousands of genes (2016)

APOBEC3A cytidine deaminase induces site-specific C-to-U RNA editing of hundreds of genes in monocytes exposed to hypoxia and/or interferons and in pro-inflammatory macrophages. To examine the impact of APOBEC3A overexpression, we transiently expressed APOBEC3A in HEK293T cell line and performed RNA sequencing. APOBEC3A overexpression induces C-to-U editing at more than 4,200 sites in transcripts of 3,078 genes resulting in protein recoding of 1,110 genes. We validate recoding RNA editing of genes associated with breast cancer, hematologic neoplasms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer disease and primary pulmonary hypertension. These results highlight the fundamental impact of APOBEC3A overexpression on human transcriptome by widespread RNA editing.
Transmission of substituent effects in quinoline (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransmission of substituent effects in quinolineCharles W. Donaldson and Madeleine M. JoullieCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 4, 1504–1506Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01268a041RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (384 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Structure analysis of modulated crystals: trends and tendencies (2005)

molecular sieves, as shape-selective catalysts, as dessicants, as ionexchangers, and as hosts in advanced materials. A zeolite's suitability for a specific application is highly dependent upon its structure, so structure analysis is an intrinsic part of zeolite science. However, because most zeolites can only be prepared in polycrystalline form, standard methods of structure analysis cannot be applied.
Alterations in the Proangiogenic Functions of Adipose Tissue–Derived Stromal Cells Isolated from Diabetic Rats (2008)

Cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients have been reported to be related to the impaired proangiogenic actions of endothelial progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated the functions of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) in diabetes. We induced type I diabetes in rats by a intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) and type II diabetes by the combined treatment of high fat diet and 45 mg/kg of STZ. Rat ASCs (rASCs) isolated from the adipose tissues in the interscapular and abdominal region of type I or type II diabetic rats showed lower proliferating ability than those of control rats. Diabetic rASCs showed lower blood flow recovery than those of control rats in a hindlimb ischemia model of nude mouse. When ASCs isolated from rat and human were exposed to high glucose concentrations, their proliferating abilities and improved blood flow in a hindlimb ischemia model were compromised, compared with ASCs that were maintained at control glucose concentrations. However, the same concentrations of mannitol did not affect these characteristics. Exposure of human ASCs (hASCs) to high glucose concentrations increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the addition of ROS scavengers [N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or catalase] to high glucose media partially decreased the high glucose-induced inhibitory effect on proliferating ability in hASCs. However, hASCs treated with high glucose medium for 6 days showed lower proliferation in control culture medium, which was not recovered by the addition of NAC or catalase. These data indicate that ASCs isolated from diabetic rats and exposed at high concentration of glucose have an impaired proangiogenic action and that the functional impairment is partly due to ROS generated by chronic exposure to high glucose concentrations.
Decreased vasopressin responsiveness in vasodilatory septic shock–like conditions* (2006)

Vasoconstriction produced by vasopressin or norepinephrine, and the synergistic vasoconstriction produced by the combinations, was inhibited in vasodilatory septic shock-like conditions. Thus, in addition to the well-described vasopressin deficiency in vasodilatory septic shock, these studies indicate that decreased vasopressin responsiveness further contributes to a state of relative vasopressin insufficiency in this condition.