gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Pathogenic KU-SHIV Model of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Macaques (1997)

By animal-to-animal passage in macaques we derived a pathogenic chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) that caused CD4+ T cell loss and AIDS in pigtail macaques and used it to inoculate 20 rhesus and pigtail macaques by the intravaginal and intravenous routes. On the basis of the outcome of infection and patterns of CD4+ T cell loss and viral load, disease was classified into four patterns: acute, subacute, chronic, and nonprogressive infection. During the study period, 15 of the 20 animals developed fatal disease, including AIDS, encephalitis, pneumonia, and severe anemia. Opportunistic pathogens identified in these animals included Pneumocystis, cytomegalovirus, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, and Candida. No single parameter by itself predicted outcome, although a combination of low CD4+ T cell counts in blood, high plasma virus levels, and presence of autoantibodies to red blood cells reliably predicted a fatal outcome. Five animals (25%) died within 3 months of inoculation and constituted the group with acute disease, whereas the nine animals (45%) with subacute disease died between 3 and 8 months postinoculation. This 70% mortality within 8 months is significantly shorter than in HIV-1-infected human beings, of whom 70% develop fatal disease a decade after infection. SHIV infection in macaques provides a useful model with which to evaluate antiviral strategies, combining all the advantages of the SIVmac system, yet using a virus bearing the envelope gene of HIV-1.
Recombinant Human HPA-1A Antibodies for Treatment of Fetomaternal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (FMAIT): Proof of Principle in An in Vivo Murine Model and Human Volunteer Studies (2008)

Abstract Fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FMAIT) is caused by maternal generation of antibodies specific for paternal platelet antigens and can lead to fetal intracranial hemorrhage. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene encoding integrin β3 causes a clinically important maternal-paternal antigenic difference; Leu33 generates the human platelet antigen 1a (HPA-1a), whereas Pro33 generates HPA-1b. As a potential treatment to prevent fetal intracranial hemorrhage in HPA-1a alloimmunized pregnancies, we generated an antibody that blocks the binding of maternal HPA-1a–specific antibodies to fetal HPA-1a1b platelets by combining a high-affinity human HPA-1a–specific scFv (B2) with an IgG1 constant region modified to minimize Fcγ receptor–dependent platelet destruction (G1Δnab). B2G1Δnab saturated HPA-1a+ platelets at micromolar concentration and substantially inhibited binding of clinical HPA-1a–specific sera to HPA-1a+ platelets. The response of monocytes to B2G1Δnab-sensitized platelets was substantially less (<15%) than their response to unmodified B2G1, as measured by chemiluminescence. In addition, B2G1Δnab inhibited chemiluminescence induced by B2G1 and HPA-1a–specific sera. We set out to prove the principle of our strategy in vivo using a murine model. Beta3-deficient mice (WT) were transplanted with littermate bone marrow transduced with a lentiviral vector containing the human ITGB3 encoding either Leucine-33 or Proline-33. B2G1 and polyclonal Ig preparations from clinical HPA-1a–specific sera reduced circulating HPA-1a+ platelets, concomitant with transient thrombocytopenia whilst WT mice and HPA-1b+ mice remained unaffected. Given the differences between murine and human Fcγ receptors, F(ab)2 B2G1 was used as a non-destructive proof of principle blocking antibody and prevented the in vivo platelet destruction seen with B2G1 and polyclonal HPA-1a–specific antibodies. These results provide rationale for human clinical studies, which are now underway. Eight HPA-1a1b heterozygotes volunteers have been recruited and from each of them we generate 2 pools of autologous platelets. Each pool is sensitized with either B2G1 or B2G1Δnab and radiolabeled with either Cr-51 or In-111. After re-injection into the volunteer, platelet survival is followed by the means of the radiolabel in order to show the differential effect on platelet destruction of the G1Δnab constant region when compared to the reference IgG1 destructive antibody. Full data of the volunteer studies will be presented in support of further clinical trials.
Variable expression of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in the fungus, Mucor circinelloides (1999)

Mucor circinelloides (previously M javanicus) variably expresses two isoenzymes of glutathione S-transferases. Glutathione S-transferases 1 and 2 were purified by affinity chromatography and found to be dimers with subunit Mr values of 25.5 and 28. While glutathione S-transferase 1 immunoblotted with rat glutathione S-transferase T 5-5, N-terminal sequencing indicated that this enzyme was distinct from recently characterised bacterial and fungal glutathione S-transferases and did not readily fit into any one class. It showed some similarity to several classes including insect class II and plant type III. M. circinelloides glutathione S-transferase 2 did not immunoblot and yielded no N-terminal sequence.
Optimum design of optical storage media for drive compatibility (1994)

Interchangeability standards for writable optical data storage media allow considerable range in the design of media and optical devices. Naturally, the most reliable system performance occurs when the media design is made fully compatible with the particular characteristics of the drive. This paper treats design of the thin film structure of magneto-optical media for optimum readout compatibility with the drive. The methodology centers on maximization of system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under general conditions of system noise composition. We present simple models for the behavior of the various noise components in optical disk drives-medium, laser, shot, electronic. The total system noise model is supplied with relative component weights derived from experimental noise decomposition measurements on the physical system (drive or tester). By changing the relative weights of system noise components, one can readily identity optimum medium designs under different conditions of noise dominance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New Multiple Antigenic Peptide-Based Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Nonhuman Primates and Humans (2004)

Infections with human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2, respectively) are zoonotic infections. In Africa, the potential exists for additional cross-species transmissions from at least 33 different species of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) through hunting and butchering of these animals for food. Here we describe a highly sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with chemically modified, multiple antigenic peptides (MAPs) developed for the detection and discrimination of antibodies to SIV genetic lineages. The SIV EIA was developed by using a comprehensive array of MAPs covering two envelope gene regions from all of the SIV lineages for which env sequences were available. Assay sensitivity was evaluated by using 63 plasma or serum samples obtained from primates naturally or experimentally infected with SIVs from 10 genetic lineages. Assay specificity was determined by using 97 known SIV-negative plasma specimens from these same species. Also used in the evaluations were 369 human samples: 198 HIV seronegative, 170 HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 seropositive, and 1 from a human SIVsm infection. Overall assay sensitivity and specificity were 100% with both immunodominant region (IDR) and V3 region MAPs. Although SIV env sequences from talapoin monkeys were not available for specific MAP inclusion, 5 (100%) of 5 SIVtal-infected samples were detected through cross-reactivity with other SIV IDR MAPs used in the assay. The one human SIVsm infection was identified. In conclusion, our SIV MAP EIA proved to be highly sensitive and specific for detecting SIV infections in NHPs and humans. As shown with SIV-infected talapoin monkeys, this assay has the potential to detect previously unidentified SIV strains and should be suitable for sentinel surveillance for potential new cross-species transmissions of SIVs to humans.
A low-cost high-speed source-synchronous interconnection technique for GALS chip multiprocessors (2009)

The globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) design style for a large area chip has become increasingly attractive due to the difficulty of designing global clocking circuits at high clock frequencies in the GHz range. In this paper, we present a high-speed interconnect network for a GALS multiprocessing system composed of a 2-D mesh array of processors. Processors are locally clocked by their own oscillators and communicate together using a static circuit-switched technique combined with a source-synchronous communication scheme. A technique to maximize the timing reliability on long-distance interconnects at high clock rates is proposed that is area and power efficient with low latency and allows a sustained ideal peak throughput of one word per cycle.
Quantization and Sampling of Not Necessarily Band-Limited Signals (2006)

This paper presents novel results on the joint problem of sampling and quantization of non bandlimited signals. Existing literature typically focuses either on sampling in the absence of quantization, or, conversely, studies quantization for already sampled signals. Our emphasis here is on the issues that arise al the intersection of these two design problems. We argue that the joint problem can be formulated and solved to any desired level of accuracy, using moving horizon optimization methods. We present several examples which show that consideration of the combined sampling and quantization problem gives important performance gains, relative to strategies which don't specifically address the interaction between these two problems
CO<sub>2</sub>-neutral fuels (2015)

The need for storage of renewable energy (RE) generated by photovoltaic, concentrated solar and wind arises from the fact that supply and demand are ill-matched both geographically and temporarily. This already causes problems of overcapacity and grid congestion in countries where the fraction of RE exceeds the 20% level. A system approach is needed, which focusses not only on the energy source, but includes conversion, storage, transport, distribution, use and, last but not least, the recycling of waste. Furthermore, there is a need for more flexibility in the energy system, rather than relying on electrification, integration with other energy systems, for example the gas network, would yield a system less vulnerable to failure and better adapted to requirements. For example, long-term large-scale storage of electrical energy is limited by capacity, yet needed to cover weekly to seasonal demand. This limitation can be overcome by coupling the electricity net to the gas system, considering the fact that the Dutch gas network alone has a storage capacity of 552 TWh, sufficient to cover the entire EU energy demand for over a month. This lecture explores energy storage in chemicals bonds. The focus is on chemicals other than hydrogen, taking advantage of the higher volumetric energy density of hydrocarbons, in this case methane, which has an approximate 3.5 times higher volumetric energy density. More importantly, it allows the ready use of existing gas infrastructure for energy storage, transport and distribution. Intermittent wind electricity generated is converted into synthetic methane, the Power to Gas (P2G) scheme, by splitting feedstock CO2 and H2O into synthesis gas, a mixture of CO and H2. Syngas plays a central role in the synthesis of a range of hydrocarbon products, including methane, diesel and dimethyl ether. The splitting is accomplished by innovative means; plasmolysis and high-temperature solid oxygen electrolysis. A CO2-neutral fuel cycle is established by powering the conversion step by renewable energy and recapturing the CO2 emitted after combustion, ultimately from the surrounding air to cover emissions from distributed source. Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) coupled to P2G thus creates a CO2-neutral energy system based on synthetic hydrocarbon fuel. It would enable a circular economy where the carbon cycle is closed by recovering the CO2 emitted after reuse of synthetic hydrocarbon fuel. The critical step, technically as well as economically, is the conversion of feedstock CO2/H2O into syngas rather than the capture of CO2 from ambient air.
High-Precision Calibration of the Radiocarbon Time Scale, 500–2500 bc (1986)

This paper is a twin paper to that of Stuiver and Pearson (1986) which covers the time period ad 1950–500 bc. The combined radiocarbon ages of dendrochronologically dated wood presented in this paper covers the time period 500–2500 bc.
Implementation of conservation voltage reduction at Commonwealth Edison (1990)

The implementation of a conservation voltage reduction program is described. Such a program involves the calibration of substation voltage-regulating equipment so that distribution system voltages are maintained at as low a level as possible within the standard acceptable range. Initial distribution system voltmeter data were used to estimate potential voltage reductions. Program results show that an average reduction of 1.6 V was achieved. Comparison of this result with the initial estimate indicates that the feasibility of additional voltage reductions depends on the definition of acceptable service quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Charge-assisted hydrogen bond-directed self-assembly of an amphiphilic zwitterionic quinonemonoimine at the liquid–solid interface (2011)

Charge-assisted hydrogen bond-directed self-assembly of a zwitterionic quinonemonoimine was investigated at the liquid/solid interface using scanning tunnelling microscopy. Factors governing morphology, chirality and multilayer formation are discussed, presenting an important foundation for understanding the properties of a large family of related molecules with interesting potential in supramolecular design.
Dual use of power lines for data communications in microprocessors (2011)

We proposed power line communication (PLC) through a microprocessor's power distribution network as a novel technique for communicating to any node inside a chip and demonstrated the suitability of Impulse Ultra-Wideband (UWB) communication. Applications of this scheme discussed in this paper exemplify the applicability of this scheme in future microprocessors. Further, data recovery block design is presented which detects short duration UWB impulses on its power line. The design has been done in IBM 0.13 um digital CMOS process and has been shown to consume 3.58 mW when operating from 1.2 V supply.
High-performance and hardware-aware computing: proceedings of the first International Workshop on New Frontiers in High-performance and Hardware-aware Computing (HipHaC'08) (2008)

The HipHaC workshop aims at combining new aspects of parallel, heterogeneous, and reconfigurable microprocessor technologies with concepts of high-performance computing and, particularly, numerical solution methods. Compute- and memory-intensive applications can only benefit from the full hardware potential if all features on all levels are taken into account in a holistic approach.
<b>Glutamic and Aspartic Anhydrides. Rearrangement of N-Carboxyglutamic 1,5-Anhydride to the Leuchs' Anhydride and Conversion of the Latter to Pyroglutamic Acid</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGlutamic and Aspartic Anhydrides. Rearrangement of N-Carboxyglutamic 1,5-Anhydride to the Leuchs' Anhydride and Conversion of the Latter to Pyroglutamic AcidJ. Kovacs, H. Nagy. Kovacs, and R. BallinaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 12, 1839–1844Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00895a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00895a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views865Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electronic News-Gathering System (1975)

Nowadays, news reporting on TV broadcasting requires speed and accuracy. In order to meet these requirements, NHK has developed an entirely new electronic news-gathering system which adopts the merits of both the 16-mm-film system and the television system. This new system consists of a very compact color camera, a portable VTR, a standard playback VTR, and a time-base corrector.
HW/SW Co-Verification of a RISC CPU using Bounded Model Checking (2005)

Today, the underlying hardware of embedded systems is often verified successfully. In this context formal verification techniques allow to prove the correctness. But in embedded system design the integration of software components becomes more and more important. In this paper the authors present an integrated approach for formal verification of hardware and software. The approach is demonstrated on a RISC CPU. The verification is based on bounded model checking. Besides correctness proofs of the underlying hardware the hardware/software interface and programs using this interface can be formally verified
An adaptive perceptual quantization algorithm for video coding (1993)

A novel adaptive quantization algorithm for video sequence coding which can reflect macroblock characteristics as well as the status of the output channel buffer is described. The exploit local perceptual characteristics in the macroblock, block-based visual activities are determined and used to decide the perceptual quantization scaling factor. By using the proposed scheme, coding distortion is uniformly distributed across the image and its visibility is further minimized. A simulation was performed by applying the proposed adaptive perceptual quantization scheme to an HDTV (high-definition television) coding system at a rate of about 0.35 b/pixel. The scheme was compared with a simple quantization method, which does not use perceptual local activity, in terms of subjective quality. It was observed that the proposed method achieved significant improvement in the perceptual image quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Excitation Dynamics in Disubstituted Polyacetylene (1999)

We studied the excitation dynamics in films of disubstituted polyacetylene, a degenerate ground-state conjugated polymer, using psec transient and steady-state spectroscopies. The polymer is found to support charged and neutral topological soliton excitations concurrent with a strong intrinsic photoluminescence band with quantum efficiency, $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\simeq}50%$. This leads to stimulated emission in thin films and lasing in cylindrical $\ensuremath{\mu}$ cavities. The seeming contradiction of a degenerate ground-state polymer with high $\ensuremath{\eta}$ is explained by the lowest excited-state ordering.
Sol-gel technique for the preparation of β-cyclodextrin derivative stationary phase in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (2001)

A novel open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) column coated with 2,6-dibutyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DB-beta-CD) was prepared using sol-gel technique. In the sol-gel approach, owing to the three-dimensional network of sol-gel and the strong chemical bond between the stationary phase and the surface of capillary columns, good chromatographic characteristics and unique selectivity in separating isomers were shown. We achieved high efficiencies of 5-14 x 10(4) plates/m for the isomeric nitrophenols using the sol-gel-derived DB-beta-CD columns. The migration time reproducibility of the separation of the isomeric nitrophenols was better than 2.2% over five runs and 4.5% from column to column. These sol-gel-coated DB-beta-CD columns have shown improved separations of isomeric aminophenols, isomeric dihydroxybenzenes and isomeric nitrophenols, in comparison with the sol-gel matrix capillary column. The influences of buffer pH and methanol solvent on separation were investigated. The chiral resolution of enantiomers such as ibuprofen and binaphthol was explored primarily.
Filter Pleating Design for Cabin Air Filtration (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A semi-empirical model has been developed to optimize the design of pleated filter panels used in cabin air filtration. The study was performed for clean, ventilation-type filters with the triangular pleat configuration. The objective was to optimize the pleating design to provide minimum pressure drop at design flow rates. The parameters investigated included the pleat count, pleat height, approaching velocity and filter media type. Two different filter media (3M 0104 and 0105) at two different pleat heights (2.70 and 3.60 cm) were studied. The approaching velocity was varied from 1.65 to 5.84 m/sec by a combination of three different cross sections (161, 226 and 355 cm<sup>2</sup>) and three different flow rates (3540, 4248 and 5663 lpm). For each combination of pleat height, approaching velocity and filter media, a curve giving pressure drop vs. pleat count per unit length was obtained.</div>
Serum level of soluble CX3CL1/fractalkine is elevated in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis, which is correlated with disease activity (2012)

The interaction between CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 might contribute to the inflammatory cell infiltration into affected muscle and lung with ILD in PM patients and DM patients. Serum CX3CL1 level could be a surrogate marker of disease activity.