gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Pot Zize and Transplant Age on the Yield and Quality of White, Green and Romanesco Cauliflower Curds (2009)

The Effect of Pot Zize and Transplant Age on the Yield and Quality of White, Green and Romanesco Cauliflower Curds The subject of the experiment were three cultivars representing three different kinds of cauliflower: white (‵Planita F 1 ‵), green (‵Trevi F 1 ‵) and romanesco (‵Amfora F 1 ‵). All plants were cultivated from transplants of various age (ca. 30 and 40 days) prepared in different size pots (96 and 160 cells/tray). The parameters of transplants ready for planting were determined and the yield level as well as commercial quality of curds was assessed. The fresh mass of overground part and root system of transplants of all cauliflower types was higher in case of older transplants and transplants grown in pots of larger cell volume. The commercial yield and the average curd weight were highest for white cauliflower cultivar, lower for green cultivar and the lowest for the romanesco type variety. All three cauliflower varieties reached their maximal values in this respect with the older-transplant and larger pot size. Most curds of grade I and the biggest diameter were formed in case of white cauliflower plants, slightly fewer of green variety and the least of the romanesco type. In case of all cauliflower varieties plants cultivated from older transplants had a larger root system, which ensured the best quality and most favourable marketable curds. Particular cauliflower types differed quite considerably in respect to their tendency to form curd defects (green bracts, hollow stem, riciness and browning). White cauliflower was the least susceptible to disorder in curd formation with the romanesco being the most sensitive type. In case of white cauliflower, transplants obtained from smaller pots, particularly in the case of younger transplants, resulted in the increased number of defects. However, in case of green and romanesco forms transplants produced in larger pots resulted in the occurrence of higher number of curd defects, particularly for older transplants.
Synthesis and Structure of Chiral Silatranes Derived from Terpenes (2001)

Abstract Starting with the chiral pool compounds (-)-menthone, (-)-limonene, (-)-β-pinene, and (-)-carvone, new homochiral triethanolamine derivatives were obtained and converted to chi­ral silatranes. These silatranes were characterized by crystal structure analyses and NMR techniques. Conformational analyses in the solid state and in solution show that the chiral terpene residues determine the direction of the ring puckering of the silatrane moiety.
The SMV algorithm selected by TIA and 3GPP2 for CDMA applications (2002)

During the years 1999 and 2000, the Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) and the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), managed a competition and a selection process for a new speech coding standard for CDMA applications. The new speech coding standard, which is coined Selectable Mode Vocoder (SMV), will become a service option in CDMA systems such as IS-95 and cdma2000, providing a higher quality, flexibility, and capacity over the existing speech coding service options, IS-96C, IS-127, and IS-733. Eight companies submitted candidates to selection phase. For all of the 36 test conditions, the Conexant SMV candidate was ranked at the top, or was statistically equivalent to other top-ranking candidates. The Conexant SMV candidate was chosen as the core speech coding technology for the SMV system. This paper describes the SMV algorithm developed by Conexant.
Enhanced Evaluation of Sentiment Analysis for Tamil Text-to-Speech Synthesis using Hidden Semi- Markov Model (2015)

In recent years, speech synthesis has become an dynamic research area in the field of speech processing due to the usage of automated systems for spoken language interface. This paper address an i n n ov a t i ve T a m i l T ext-to-Speech(TTS)synthesis system utilizing Hidden Semi-Markov Model (HSMM) to analyze sentiments from the speech output. Four different HSMM methods have been proposed to implement the above task. The sentiment-dependent (SD) modeling is the first method, utilize individual models trained for each emotion individually. Sentiment adaptation (SA) modeling is the second method, initially a model is trained using neutral speech, and the adaptation process are implemented to each emotion of the database. The third method is called sentiment-independent (SI) technique, is at first trained utilizing data from all the sentiment of the speech database which is based on an average emotion model. Subsequently, an adaptive model has been constructed for each emotions. The fourth method is called sentiment adaptive training(SAT), the average emotion model is trained with simultaneously normalization of the output and state duration distributions. These training methods are evaluated using a Tamil speech database which consists of four categories of speech, anger, joy, sadness and Disgust was used. To assess and compare the potential of the four approaches in synthesized sentimental speech an emotion recognition rate subjective test was performed. Among the four evaluated methods the sentiment adaptive training method gives the enhanced emotion recognition rates for all emotions.
Domain-Specific Expectations in Music Segmentation (2019)

The acoustic cues that guide the assignment of phrase boundaries in music (pauses and pitch movements) overlap with those that are known for speech prosody. Based on this, researchers have focused on highlighting the similarities and neural resources shared between music and speech prosody segmentation. The possibility that music-specific expectations add to acoustic cues in driving the segmentation of music into phrases could weaken this bottom-up view, but it remains underexplored. We tested for domain-specific expectations in music segmentation by comparing the segmentation of the same set of ambiguous stimuli under two different instructions: stimuli were either presented as speech prosody or as music. We measured how segmentation differed, in each instruction group, from a common reference (natural speech); thus, focusing on how instruction affected delexicalization effects (natural speech vs. transformed versions with no phonetic content) on segmentation. We saw interactions between delexicalization and instruction on most segmentation indices, suggesting that there is a music mode, different from a speech prosody mode in segmentation. Our findings highlight the importance of top-down influences in segmentation, and they contribute to rethinking the analogy between music and speech prosody.
Serum concentrations of the CXC chemokines interleukin 8 and growth-regulated oncogene-alpha are elevated in patients with systemic sclerosis. (2003)

Our results suggest that the elevation of serum levels of the CXC chemokines IL-8 and GRO-alpha is specific to SSc and that the elevation of CXC chemokines, particularly GRO-alpha, correlates with the involvement of internal organs, especially pulmonary damage.
Spectroscopy of biological systems (1986)

Resolution Enhancement of Infrared Spectra of Biological Systems Peptide Backbone Conformation and Microenvironment of Protein Side Chains Raman and UV Resonance Raman Spectra of Proteins and Related Compounds Local Conformations and Polymorphism of DNA Duplexes as revealed by their Raman Spectra Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Structural Studies of Viruses, Nucleo-proteins and their Constituents Drug-Nucleic Acid Interactions Normal Analysis of Large Molecules of Biological Interest: Metalloporphyrins and Lumiflavin Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Flavins and Flavoproteins Resonance Raman Spectra of Reaction Intermediates of Heme Enzymes.
Isolation and characterization of antagonistic Bacillus subtilis strains from the avocado rhizoplane displaying biocontrol activity (2007)

This is one of the few reports dealing with isolation and characterization of B. subtilis strains with biocontrol activity against the common soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici and R. necatrix.
A new silent magnetic resonance imaging using a rotating DC gradient (1998)

A new approach to silent MR imaging using a rotating DC gradient has been explored and experimentally studied. Acoustic or sound noise has been one of the problems in examining patients, mainly due to the fast gradient pulsings in interaction with the main magnetic field. The sound noise has been noted to be proportionately louder as the magnetic field strength becomes larger. In this report, we describe a new imaging technique using a mechanically rotating DC gradient coil. The rotating DC gradient coil can effectively replace both phase encoding as well as readout gradient pulsings, and data obtained in this manner can provide a set of projection data that later can be used for projection reconstruction. With some interpolation techniques one can also perform conventional two-dimensional fast Fourier transform image reconstruction. The sound noise intensity compared with the conventional imaging technique, such as the spin-echo sequence, has been reduced down to about -20.7 dB or 117.5 times with this new technique. The experimental pulse sequence and its principle are described and images obtained by the new silent MR imaging technique are reported.
Transport and Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Co–Al–O and Fe–Al–O Granular Films (2011)

We investigate the transport and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic Fe–Al–O and Co–Al–O granular films. A negative linear magnetoresistivity is found at least up to 27 T for Co–Al–O films. The temperature dependence of the magnetization of Fe–Al–O films can be explained in terms of the T1.5-law for three dimensional spin waves theory, but that of Co–Al–O films does not obey the simple power law expected from this theory. The coercive field of a Co–Al–O film is strongly dependent on temperature.
<b>Targeting the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in the Retina With a Gene-Delivered Secretable and Cell-Penetrating Peptide</b> (2016)

The intravitreally delivered AAV-TatNrf2mer has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in widely-used models of ocular injury, suggesting it also could be useful in ocular diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammasome activation.
Animal models in urological disease and sexual dysfunction (2006)

There are several conditions associated with dysfunction of the lower urinary tract or which result in a reduction in the ability to engage in satisfactory sexual function and result in significant bother to sufferers, partners and/or carers. This review describes some of the animal models that may be used to discover safe and effective medicines with which to treat them. While alpha adrenoceptor antagonists and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors deliver improvement in symptom relief in benign prostatic hyperplasia sufferers, the availability of efficacious and well-tolerated medicines to treat incontinence is less well served. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has no approved medical therapy in the United States and overactive bladder (OAB) therapy is limited to treatment with muscarinic antagonists (anti-muscarinics). SUI and OAB are characterised by high prevalence, a growing ageing population and a strong desire from sufferers and physicians for more effective treatment options. High patient numbers with low presentation rates characterizes sexual dysfunction in men and women. The introduction of Viagra in 1998 for treating male erectile dysfunction and the success of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor class (PDE5 inhibitor) have indicated the willingness of sufferers to seek treatment when an effective alternative to injections and devices is available. The main value of preclinical models in discovering new medicines is to predict clinical outcomes. This translation can be established relatively easily in areas of medicine where there are a large number of drugs with different underlying pharmacological mechanisms in clinical usage. However, apart from, for example, the use of PDE5 inhibitors to treat male erectile dysfunction and the use of anti-muscarinics to treat OAB, this clinical information is limited. Therefore, current confidence in existing preclinical models is based on our understanding of the biochemical, physiological, pathophysiological and psychological mechanisms underlying the conditions in humans and how they are reflected in preclinical models. Confidence in both the models used and the pharmacological data generated is reinforced if different models of related aspects of the same disorder generate confirmatory data. However, these models will only be fully validated in retrospect once the pharmacological agents they have helped identify are tested in humans.
Nature of DNA Damage in Ejaculated Human Spermatozoa and the Possible Involvement of Apoptosis1 (2002)

Numerous studies have shown the presence of DNA strand breaks in human ejaculated spermatozoa. The nature of this nuclear anomaly and its relationship to patient etiology is however poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nuclear DNA damage, assessed using the TUNEL assay and a number of key apoptotic markers, including Fas, Bcl-x, and p53, in ejaculated human spermatozoa from men with normal and abnormal semen parameters. We also determined the nature of the DNA damage by examining the percentage of ejaculated spermatozoa exhibiting DNA damage using the comet assay and by challenging sperm chromatin to attack by micrococcal nuclease S7 and DNase I. We show that TUNEL positivity and apoptotic markers do not always exist in unison; however, semen samples that had a low sperm concentration and poor morphology were more likely to show high levels of TUNEL positivity and Fas and p53 expression. In addition, the DNA damage in ejaculated human sperm is represented by both single- and double-stranded DNA breaks, and access to the DNA is restricted by the compacted nature of ejaculated spermatozoa. This DNA protection is poorer in men with abnormal semen parameters. We propose that the presence of DNA damage is not directly linked to an apoptotic process occurring in spermatozoa and arises due to problems in the nuclear remodeling process. Subsequently, the presence of apoptotic proteins in ejaculated spermatozoa may be linked to defects in cytoplasmic remodeling during the later stages of spermatogenesis.
Effects of Doping Into on Phase Transformation and Luminescence (2009)

The effects of doping into on the phase transformation and luminescent properties were investigated. It was found that by doping , the phase transformation in is prevented up to 1600 at least. It is helpful to dope into for sintering the cubic ceramics. Europium-doped lutetium gadolinium sesquioxide solid solutions, , with intensive luminescence intensity, could be developed into a potential ceramic scintillator candidate for X-ray detection.
Requirement of <i>CHROMOMETHYLASE3</i> for Maintenance of CpXpG Methylation (2001)

Epigenetic silenced alleles of the Arabidopsis SUPERMAN locus (the clark kent alleles) are associated with dense hypermethylation at noncanonical cytosines (CpXpG and asymmetric sites, where X = A, T, C, or G). A genetic screen for suppressors of a hypermethylated clark kent mutant identified nine loss-of-function alleles of CHROMOMETHYLASE3 (CMT3), a novel cytosine methyltransferase homolog. These cmt3 mutants display a wild-type morphology but exhibit decreased CpXpG methylation of the SUP gene and of other sequences throughout the genome. They also show reactivated expression of endogenous retrotransposon sequences. These results show that a non-CpG DNA methyltransferase is responsible for maintaining epigenetic gene silencing.
Disentangling the Genetic Determinants of Human Aging: Biological Age as an Alternative to the Use of Survival Measures (2005)

The choice of a phenotype is critical for the study of a complex genetically regulated process, such as aging. To date, most of the twin and family studies have focused on broad survival measures, primarily age at death or exceptional longevity. However, on the basis of recent studies of twins and families, biological age has also been shown to have a strong genetic component, with heritability estimates ranging from 27% to 57%. The aim of this review is twofold: first, to summarize growing consensus on reliable methods of biological age assessment, and second, to demonstrate validity of this phenotype for research in the genetics of aging in humans.
The human plakoglobin gene localizes on chromosome 17q21 and is subjected to loss of heterozygosity in breast and ovarian cancers. (1995)

The gene encoding human plakoglobin was mapped to chromosome 17q12-q22. An intragenic restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to localize the plakoglobin gene distal to locus KRT10 and proximal to the marker D17S858. The plakoglobin gene colocalizes with the polymorphic 17q21 marker UM8 on the same cosmid insert. This subregion of chromosome 17 is known to be particularly subjected to genetic alterations in sporadic breast and ovarian tumors. We show loss of heterozygosity of the plakoglobin gene in breast and ovarian tumors. We have identified a low-frequency polymorphism in the plakoglobin coding sequence which results in an arginine to histidine substitution at amino acid position 142 of the protein, as well as a silent mutation at nucleotide position 332 of the coding sequence. This polymorphism allowed us to demonstrate an allelic association of plakoglobin with predisposition to familial breast and ovarian cancers. Our results, together with the present knowledge about the biological function of plakoglobin, suggest that plakoglobin might represent a putative tumor suppressor gene for breast and ovarian cancers.
Development of Murine Leukemia Virus-Based Self-Activating Vectors That Efficiently Delete the Selectable Drug Resistance Gene during Reverse Transcription (1999)

Expression of the selectable drug resistance gene in retroviral vectors used for gene therapy can lead to a decreased expression of the gene of interest and may induce a host immune response, resulting in a decreased efficiency of gene therapy. In this study, we demonstrate that high-frequency deletion of direct repeats, an inherent property of reverse transcriptases, can be used to efficiently excise the drug resistance gene during reverse transcription. One retroviral vector containing a direct repeat deleted the neomycin resistance expression cassette during a single replication cycle at >99% efficiency.
Compact contracted basis sets for third‐row atoms: Ga–Kr (1990)

Abstract The (14 s 11 p 5 d ) primitive basis set of Dunning for the third‐row main group atoms Ga‐Kr has been contracted [6 s 4 p 1 d ]. The core functions have been relatively highly contracted while those which represent the valence region have been left uncontracted to maintain flexibility. Calculations with the [6 s 4 p 1 d ] contraction are reported for a variety of molecules involving third‐row atoms. This basis set is found to satisfactorily reproduce experimental properties such as geometric configurations, dipole moments, and vibrational frequencies for a range of molecules. Comparisons are made with the performance of the uncontracted basis set. Polarization functions for the contracted basis set are reported and performance of the basis set with and without polarization functions is examined. A relaxation of the [6 s 4 p 1 d ] contraction to [9 s 6 p 2 d ] for higher level evergy calculations is also presented.
Adjuvante Chemotherapie des Pankreaskarzinoms mit Gemcitabin (2011)

Kommentar zu: Adjuvante Chemotherapie mit Fluorouracil plus Folinsäure vs. Gemcitabin nach Resektion eines Pankreaskarzinoms
Cuticle-degrading Enzymes of Entomopathogenic Fungi: Regulation of Production of Chitinolytic Enzymes (1986)

Synthesis of chitinase and chitosanase by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is regulated by products of chitin and chitosan degradation through an inducer-repressor mechanism. Slow-feeding with sugars or alanine (about 20 μg ml−1 h−1) in a carbon deficient medium to prevent catabolite repression (restricted cultures) demonstrated that the most effective inducers of chitinase and chitosanase were the principal monomeric constituents of chitin (N-acetylglucosamine) and chitosan (glucosamine) respectively. Increasing the rate of release of N-acetylglucosamine decreased chitinase synthesis by about 87% while causing a sevenfold increase in growth. In batch cultures high chitinase activities were present only in chitin-containing medium. There was a negative correlation between accessibility and amount of chitin substrates, levels of free N-acetylglucosamine in culture fluids and chitinase production. Addition of carbohydrates, lipid or proteins to chitin-grown cultures repressed chitinase production. Basal levels of chitinase were produced in non-inducing media. Production of chitobiase (N-acetylglucosaminidase) was enhanced from high basal levels by amino sugars, but was less inducible and less susceptible to catabolite repression than chitinase.
Study of the Electric Field inside Microchannel Plate Multipliers (1983)

Electric field inside high gain microchannel plate multipliers was studied. The calculations were based directly on the solution of the Maxwell equations applied to the microchannel plate (MCP) rather than on the conventional lumped RC model. The results are important to explain the performance of MCP's, i) under a pulsed bias tension and, ii) at high rate conditions. The results were tested experimentally and a new method of MCP operation free from the positive ion feedback was demonstrated.
The Social Psychology of the Gift (1967)

In the first section of this essay gift exchange is discussed in terms of its relevance for the development and maintenance of identity. The acceptance of a gift, it is suggested, is in fact an acceptance of the giver's ideas as to what one's desires and needs are. Gift giving as a mode of social control and expression of unfriendliness is considered. The relationship between gift exchange and social structure is analyzed from the standpoint of the "gratitude imperative." The essay is concluded with a treatment of benefit exchange as a technique for the regulation of shared guilt.
766. The structure and reactivity of triazole quaternary salts (1959)

G. F. Duffin, J. D. Kendall and H. R. J. Waddington, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 3799 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590003799
Performance of a robust inner receiver with frequency domain LMS equalizer for DSRC systems (2006)

OFDM PHY has been selected as North American DSRC standard (IEEE 802.11p). In this paper, we present a robust inner receiver suitable for DSRC communications, whose core is composed by a synchronizer, a one-tap frequency domain equalizer (FDE) and a pilot-based phase estimator. The equalizer uses least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm to track not only the variation of the DSRC channel in 5.9GHz band but also the residual frequency/phase errors that are not yet being corrected by the synchronizer device. In order to keep the LMS equalizer working well, we utilize a pilot-based phase estimator to help estimate the variation and the errors. The simulation results indicate that our proposed inner receiver works fairly well for two DSRC channel models.
Layered Manufacturing of Thin-Walled Parts (2000)

Abstract We describe a new algorithm we have developed for making partially hollow layered parts with thin, dense walls of approximately uniform thickness, for faster build times and reduced material usage. We have implemented our algorithm on a fused deposition modeling (FDM) machine, using separate build volumes for a loosely filled interior and a thin, solid, exterior wall. The build volumes are derived as simple boolean combinations of slice contours and their offsets. We make use of an efficient algorithm for computing the Voronoi diagram of a general polygon as part of the process of creating offset contours. Our algorithm guarantees that the surface of the final part will be dense while still allowing an efficient build.