gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fungal oxidation of (+/-)-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene: formation of diastereomeric benzo[a]pyrene 9,10-diol 7,8-epoxides. (1980)

The filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans oxidized (+/-) trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrobenzo[a]-pyrene to a complex mixture of metabolites which were detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Two of the metabolites were identified as (+/-)7 beta, 8 alpha, 9 alpha, 10 beta-tetrahydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene and (+/-)-7 beta,8 alpha,9 beta,10 alpha-tetrahydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene. A third product gave absorption and mass spectra consistent with a diol-epoxide structure. Hydrolysis of this compound gave (+/-)-7 beta, 8 alpha, 9 beta, 10 alpha-tetrahydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene as the major identifiable product with a minor unidentified tetraol. Synthetic (+/-)-9 alpha, 10 beta-dihydroxy-7 beta, 8 beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene gave the same hydrolysis products and had the same retention time on high-pressure liquid chromatography as did the fungal metabolite. The trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene recovered at the end of the experiment showed no optical activity, indicating that both enantiomers were metabolized by the fungus. the results suggest that C. elegans oxidizes (+/-)-trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene to diastereomeric benzo[a]pyrene 9,10-diol 7,8-epoxides.
Efficient computation of flow insensitive interprocedural summary information (1984)

article Efficient computation of flow insensitive interprocedural summary information Share on Authors: Keith D. Cooper Rice University, Houston, Texas Rice University, Houston, TexasView Profile , Ken Kennedy Rice University, Houston, Texas Rice University, Houston, TexasView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 19Issue 6June 1984 pp 247–258https://doi.org/10.1145/502949.502898Online:01 June 1984Publication History 97citation347DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations97Total Downloads347Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
What's the target? (2004)

The aim of therapy in neoplasia varies, ranging from complete eradication of tumour in the common malignancies of childhood, to the devising of a strategy to control the disease within an acceptable lifestyle in the elderly. Profound knowledge of the biology of any tumour is invaluable in the construction of both of these therapeutic objectives. Control of a tumour that cannot be eliminated may depend on the prevention of ulceration, of painful lesions in bone or of infiltrations, but in all cases it is necessary or desirable for tumour cell mass to be reduced. So what should be the target?

It has been suggested that those cells that are critical in what might be called the developmental biology of tumours in a number of neoplasms (in leukaemia, breast cancer, and some cerebral tumours) are, in effect, acting as stem cells. Both neoplastic and conventional stem cells are self-renewing, and it is this population in a neoplasm that is responsible for the continued ‘success’ of the lesion—as normal stem cells are in the maintenance of the gut, say. In acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), the use of the immunodeficient NOD/SCID mouse in irradiation ablation and bone …
DNA Origami as a Carrier for Circumvention of Drug Resistance (2012)

Although a multitude of promising anti-cancer drugs have been developed over the past 50 years, effective delivery of the drugs to diseased cells remains a challenge. Recently, nanoparticles have been used as drug delivery vehicles due to their high delivery efficiencies and the possibility to circumvent cellular drug resistance. However, the lack of biocompatibility and inability to engineer spatially addressable surfaces for multi-functional activity remains an obstacle to their widespread use. Here we present a novel drug carrier system based on self-assembled, spatially addressable DNA origami nanostructures that confronts these limitations. Doxorubicin, a well-known anti-cancer drug, was non-covalently attached to DNA origami nanostructures through intercalation. A high level of drug loading efficiency was achieved, and the complex exhibited prominent cytotoxicity not only to regular human breast adenocarcinoma cancer cells (MCF 7), but more importantly to doxorubicin-resistant cancer cells, inducing a remarkable reversal of phenotype resistance. With the DNA origami drug delivery vehicles, the cellular internalization of doxorubicin was increased, which contributed to the significant enhancement of cell-killing activity to doxorubicin-resistant MCF 7 cells. Presumably, the activity of doxorubicin-loaded DNA origami inhibits lysosomal acidification, resulting in cellular redistribution of the drug to action sites. Our results suggest that DNA origami has immense potential as an efficient, biocompatible drug carrier and delivery vehicle in the treatment of cancer.
Water-solubilised BF<sub>2</sub>-chelated tetraarylazadipyrromethenes (2009)

Strategic incorporation of sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid or ammonium salt motifs generate water soluble BF(2)-chelated tetraarylazadipyrromethenes which exhibit strong near infra-red (NIR) emissions above 720 nm and can be readily imaged in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Expression of cathepsin K messenger RNA in giant cells and their precursors in human osteoarthritic synovial tissues (1999)

Giant cells that form within OA synovial tissue express high levels of cathepsin K mRNA. It appears that cathepsin K acts principally to digest the bone (and cartilage) fragments sheered from the joint surface during OA. The high TRAP activity and the undetectable expression of the macrophage-associated degradative proteases (cathepsins B, L, and S) by synovial giant cells strengthens the hypothesis that cathepsin K is the primary protease involved in bone degradation. At sites of synovial osteogenesis, a population of phagocytic-like cells expressed TRAP and cathepsins B, L, S, and K, and may represent blood-derived macrophages pushed toward an osteoclast phenotype.
Identification of tropospheric ions (1986)

Mass spectrometric measurements of naturally occurring atmospheric ions were performed near ground level at Sapelo Island, Georgia. The sampled ions were then passed through a chamber in which they could be dissociated by multiple collisions with a buffer gas. At low‐collision energies, H 2 O clusters were removed, allowing positive core ions to be identified at masses 18, 60, 80, 94, and 108. At high‐collision energies, positive core ions were dissociated, and the mass of their fragments was used to help determine their identity. Mass 18 is believed to be NH 4 + . Methylpyridine and dimethylpyridine were tentatively identified as the parent neutral species responsible for the core ions observed at mass 94 and 108.
Microwave crosstalk in lumped element far-IR MKIDs (2010)

We have made close-packed far-infrared MKID arrays with ~ 250 pixels using TiN on silicon. Measurements show a large scatter in quality factor arising from crosstalk. This is confirmed by pump-probe experiments and EM simulations. Our new shielded resonator designs show very low crosstalk levels.
Characteristics and sensing behavior of electrochemically codeposited polypyrrole-poly(vinyl alcohol) thin film exposed to ethanol vapors (1999)

Polypyrrole–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PPy–PVA) composite films were prepared electrochemically by means of codeposition at a constant potential. Their sensing behaviors to various ethanol-vapor concentrations were investigated. Increasing the molar fraction of PVA up to PPy0.964PVA0.036 showed an increase of the sensitivity of the composite sensors. However, the sensitivity decreased if further PVA was incorporated. The ethanol-sensing behaviors were also largely dependent upon the electropolymerization charge, ranging from 50 to 200 mC in this investigation. Higher sensitivity was measured from the composite film prepared with a lower electrical charge. For example, a sensitivity of 7.70 mΩ mg−1 L, about 3.3 times the sensitivity of the pristine PPy sensor, was measured by the PPy0.964PVA0.036 composite film prepared at 50 mC. However, incorporating PVA into the conducting polymer was at the sacrifice of the response speed as well as the stability of the composite as it was under continuous exposure to ethanol vapor. An adsorption model based on the Langmuir isotherm was used to interpret the sensing behaviors and the equation derived from this model correlated well with the measured sensitivities. The sensing parameters including the adsorption equilibrium constant, Km, and the resistance change caused by a pseudomonolayer, [m(r1 − r2)]/n, were determined and found to decrease with increasing polymerization charge. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 2079–2087, 1999
Multitarget Tracking with Split and Merged Measurements (2005)

In many multitarget tracking applications in computer vision, a detection algorithm provides locations of potential targets. Subsequently, the measurements are associated with previously estimated target trajectories in a data association step. The output of the detector is often imperfect and the detection data may include multiple, split measurements from a single target or a single merged measurement from several targets. To address this problem, we introduce a multiple hypothesis tracker for interacting targets that generate split and merged measurements. The tracker is based on an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based auxiliary variable particle filter. The particle filter is Rao-Blackwellized such that the continuous target state parameters are estimated analytically, and an MCMC sampler generates samples from the large discrete space of data associations. In addition, we include experimental results in a scenario where we track several interacting targets that generate these split and merged measurements.
Thermal Decomposition Pathways of 1,3,3-Trinitroazetidine (TNAZ), Related 3,3-Dinitroazetidium Salts, and <sup>15</sup>N,<sup> 13</sup>C, and <sup>2</sup>H Isotopomers (1997)

The thermal decomposition of 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ) and related 3,3-dinitroazetidium (DNAZ+) salts was examined neat and in solution. TNAZ kinetics were found (160−250 °C) to be first-order and nearly identical neat and in benzene, with an activation energy of 46.6 kcal/mol (195 kJ/mol). The DNAZ+ salts were less thermally stable than TNAZ, and neat did not decompose in a first-order fashion. However, in aqueous solution the DNAZ+ salts did decompose following first-order kinetics; their rates were similar with minor differences apparently related to the strength of the anion as a conjugate base. Like simple nitramines such as dimethylnitramine, TNAZ tended to form N2O rather than N2, but unlike other nitramines it formed about as much NO as N2O. TNAZ isotopomers labeled with 13C and with 15N were prepared and used to identify the origin of the decomposition gases and the identity of the condensed-phase products. Early in the decomposition of TNAZ, most of the NO came from the nitro group attached to the azetidium ring nitrogen. Most of the N2O was the result of the nitro groups interacting with each other, while the majority of the N2 contained one nitrogen from the ring. Many condensed products have been identified, but five stand out because they are formed in the thermolysis of TNAZ and the three DNAZ+ salts [NO3-, Cl-, N(NO2)2-]. These are 3,5-dinitropyridine (M, always a minor product), 1-formyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine (L), 1,3-dinitroazetidine (K), 1-nitroso-3,3-dinitroazetidine (E), and 1-nitroso-3-nitroazetidine (G); the identity of the first four has been confirmed by use of authentic samples. Of these five, the last four have been shown to interconvert with TNAZ and each other under the conditions of these experiments. This study confirms the presence of two competitive TNAZ decomposition pathways. Under the conditions of this study, N−NO2 homolysis is slightly favored, but products, such as K, resulting from C−NO2 scission, are also well represented.
Development of High Performance Catalyst Temperature Sensor for NOx Catalyst Control (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The development of new systems to reduce exhaust gases is being investigated in response to OBD-II regulations and regulations all over the world relating to the introduction of low exhaust gas vehicles (LEV, ULEV, STEP3, STEP4). We have developed a highly responsive thermistor type catalyst temperature sensor that is very accurate, highly heat resistant, has a wide detection range, and that can be used in exhaust gas cleansing systems.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The key technologies used in this new catalyst temperature sensor are:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ol class="list nostyle"> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">1</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Wide detection range: The thermistor is of a network construction that comprises a semi-conductor with a new Y-Cr-Mn perovskite crystal structure and an insulator. The temperature range can be set by changing the proportions of semi-conductor and insulator.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">There are three settings (accuracy of within ±10°C)</div> <ul class="list disc"> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">100°C to 600°C- For De-NOx catalyst control</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">200°C to 700°C- For NOx catalyst control in direct gasoline injection engines</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">600°C to 1,000°C- For high speed fuel consumption reduction systems and misfiring detection systems</div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">2</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">High responsiveness (thermal time constant τ = 8 seconds): Use of microchip for thermistor element and optimal design of heat sensor</div></li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">3</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">High accuracy (within ±10°C): Atomization of thermistor materials and uniform mixing</div></li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">4</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">High reliability: Use of highly heat resistant and vibration resistant design means that accuracy change after a reliability test are within ±5°C.</div></li> </ol> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This sensor will be used on vehicles to be released in 1999 in Japan and 2000 in Europe.</div>
THE THERMAL SHRINKAGE OF POLYETHYLENE OXYBENZOATE FIBERS (1960)

In studying the thermal shrinkage of polyethylene oxybenzoate (PEOB), (-CO-_??_-O-CH2-CH2-_??_-O-)n;, fibers made by melt-spinning and drawing, following results have been obtained.(1) At elevated temperatures, PEOB fibers tend to shrink to a larger extent compared with those from the other crystalline polymers.(2) The shrinkage takes place very rapidly and is affected mainly by the rate of heating, not by the heating media. (3) The shrinking tendency or force required to prevent shrinking of PEOB fibers is usually higher than commercial 6-nylon and polyethylene terephthalate fibers.(4) PEOB fibers can be stabilized by heat treatment for a short time without being allowed to contract at elevated temperatures, and after the treatement no remarkable deterioration of their fiber-properties has been observed.(5) Crystallization by the heat treatment and the transition of the crystal structure by thermal shrinkage have been ascertained by the interpretation of the X-ray diffraction patterns.The changes of the molecular configuration by the thermal shrinkage and the stabilization by the heat treatment are discussed.
A Consice Synthesis of Novel Aromatic Analogs of Artemisinin (1997)

a-Aromatlc analogs of deoxoartemisinin were prepared from artemisinic acid via photooxygenative cyclization as a key step.Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) (3), the active constituent of Arremisia annua has attracted much interest for synthesis1-3 and derivatization4 due to its novel structure as the first 1, 2, Ctrioxane found in the nahlre and clinically useful antimalarial activity.Artemisinin analogs containing aromatic ring have never been isolated from A. annua and few aromatic analogs of deoxoartemisinin were prepared directly from artemisinin.4bConsequently little is known about the effect of an aromatic ring at C-12 on biological activity, particularly antimalarial activity.4bAromatic rings are commonly involved in van der Waals interactions with flat hydrophobic regions of the binding site of the receptors.5Replacing the known alkyl groups6 of deoxoartemisinin analogs with aromatic ring could increase van der Waals bonding, thus interact moreefficiently with thecloneof P l m d i u m falciparum.It is of interest to study the effect of aromatic ring of deoxoai'temisininon antimalarial activity against P. falciparum.In this communication, we would like to report synthesis'of novel aromatic analogs of urgently needed artemisinin-related antimalarial drugs.Artemisinic acid (1 a) is a precursor in the biosynthesis of artemisinin7 and may be used as a versatile c h i d synthon to artemisinin derivatives.8A scheme for conversion of (+)-artemisinic acid ( l a ) into aromatic analogs (8-13) is shown in Scheme 1.Thus, methyl artemisinate ( l b ) was prepared in 98 % yield from artemisinic acid with diazomethane.8Reduction of 1 b by LiBH4 (5.3 equiv.)gave 6 a in 95 % yield, which was then exposed to a second reduction with DIBALH to afford the dihydroartemisinylaldehyde, (6b) (yield 67 %).6.9Compound (6b) is a versatile chiral intermediate for the synthesis of various novel analogs of artemi~inin.6,~Grignard reactions of 6 b can introduce the C-C bond at C-12, which at the same time carries aromatic moiety.Coupling of 6b (1 1R) with the aromatic halides (3-vinylbenzyl bromide for 7a, 2-chlorobenzyl chloride for 7 b, 4methoxybenzyl bromide for 7 e, and 2-bromothiophene for 7d) cleanly affordedaromatic alcohols (7a-d) ( yields, 62 %for 7a, 64 % for 7b, 72 % for 7 c and 55 % for 7d) respectively.The vinyl group of 7 a and 8 serves as a masked equivalent for the carboxyl group of 9. Dye-sensitized photooxygenative cyclizationl0.ll of the diastereomers of 7a-d with oxygen, followed by treatment of the intermediate mixture with a catalytic amount of strong acids such as Dowex resin, trifluoroacetic acid," or triflic acid afforded 8 , 10, ' 2 and 1112 in 21 %, 36 % and 29 % yield, respectively.No 12 a-isomer was detected.The hetero analog (1 2)12 was prepared in 18 % yield in the ratio of 12 a1 $= 312.The predominate 12R-a-isomer of 1212 was easily separated from their 12S-P-: ,
Structure and stereochemistry of elenolic acid (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and stereochemistry of elenolic acidF. A. MacKellar, R. C. Kelly, E. E. Van Tamelen, and C. DorschelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 21, 7155–7156Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00802a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00802a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Executing compressed programs on an embedded RISC architecture (1992)

The difference in code size between RISC and CISC processors appears to be a significant factor limiting the use of RISC architectures in embedded systems. Fortunately, RISC programs can be effectively compressed.
Widely-Tunable and Vertical-Cavity Lasers: DBRs on Different Planes (1994)

Tunable Distributed-Bragg-Reflector (DBR) lasers are forming the basis of the most widely studied semiconductor Photonic-Integrated-Circuits (PICs). With the development of Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed (WDM) systems, they will become the most widely used semiconductor PIC, and as the technology costs are reduced, they may well lead the way to the widespread use of WDM in local area networks for a wide variety of datacom and telecom applications. PICs being studied today range from simple two-section DBR lasers [1] through tunable-DBR lasers monolithically integrated with external modulators [2] to complex multiple-section coherent receivers [3]. Lasers with extremely wide tuning range have recently become an area of concentrated effort [4,5]. The design of the partially transmissive DBR mirror section and the technology to incorporate it within complex PICs continues to be a key enabler in the development of these PICs as well as an active area of research.
Mediation of bone ingrowth in porous hydroxyapatite bone graft substitutes (2003)

Previous investigations have shown that both the early biological response and the mechanical properties of a porous hydroxyapatite bone graft substitute are highly sensitive to its pore structure. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the pore structure continued to influence bone integration in the medium to long term. Two screened batches of porous hydroxyapatite (PHA) designated as batch A and batch B, with porosities of approximately 60 and 80%, respectively, were selected for this study and implanted for periods of 5, 13, and 26 weeks into the lower femur of New Zealand White rabbits. Histomorphometric analysis of the absolute volume of bone ingrowth within batch A and B implants from 5 to 26 weeks showed that the absolute volume of bone ingrowth was consistently lower in batch A (10-21%), compared to batch B implants (24-31%). However, when the volume of bone ingrowth was normalised for the available pore space, this difference was reduced (23-47% and 32-42% for batches A and B, respectively). These observations suggest that differences in the volume of bone ingrowth initially depended on pore interconnectivity rather than pore size, whereas the volume or morphology of the PHA influenced the volume and morphology of bone ingrowth at later time points. Compression testing showed that bone ingrowth had a strong reinforcing effect on PHA bone graft substitutes, and a strong correlation was identified between mechanical properties and the absolute volume of ingrowth for both batches A and B. Furthermore, at 13 and 26 weeks, there was no significant variation in the ultimate compressive strength of integrated batch A and B implants. This similarity in ultimate mechanical properties indicated that the absolute volume of ingrowth may be mediated by the PHA structure through its impact on the dynamics of the local biomechanical environment. The results of push-out testing showed that fixation of PHA bone graft substitutes was independent of density within the range studied, with no significant difference in the interfacial shear stress between batches A and B at each time point throughout the study.