gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zn-Containing Ionic Liquids for the Extractive Denitrogenation of a Model Oil: A Mechanistic Consideration (2009)

Imidazolium-based zinc-containing ionic liquids (ILs), [1-R-3-R′-imidazolium]alkylsulfate-ZnCl2 (R and R′ = H or alkyl), were highly effective for the denitrogenation of a model oil containing quinoline, indole, or acridine in n-heptane. Fast atom bombardment (FAB)−mass spectra and a computational study imply that the interaction of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([EMIm]EtSO4) with ZnCl2 produces Zn-containing ILs, presumably [EMIm]ZnCl2(EtSO4) and [EMIm]ZnCl(EtSO4)2 as the major ionic species. The interaction of EtSO4− and ZnCl2(EtSO4)− with a heterocyclic N compound was theoretically investigated. The zinc-containing IL, [EMIm]ZnCl2(EtSO4), used for the extraction of quinoline was successfully regenerated by employing diethyl ether as a back extractant.
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Autism: Parental Report, Clinical Evaluation, and Associated Factors (2012)

The objectives of this study were to characterize gastrointestinal dysfunction (GID) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), to examine parental reports of GID relative to evaluations by pediatric gastroenterologists, and to explore factors associated with GID in ASD. One hundred twenty-one children were recruited into three groups: co-occurring ASD and GID, ASD without GID, and GID without ASD. A pediatric gastroenterologist evaluated both GID groups. Parents in all three groups completed questionnaires about their child's behavior and GI symptoms, and a dietary journal. Functional constipation was the most common type of GID in children with ASD (85.0%). Parental report of any GID was highly concordant with a clinical diagnosis of any GID (92.1%). Presence of GID in children with ASD was not associated with distinct dietary habits or medication status. Odds of constipation were associated with younger age, increased social impairment, and lack of expressive language (adjusted odds ratio in nonverbal children: 11.98, 95% confidence interval 2.54-56.57). This study validates parental concerns for GID in children with ASD, as parents were sensitive to the existence, although not necessarily the nature, of GID. The strong association between constipation and language impairment highlights the need for vigilance by health-care providers to detect and treat GID in children with ASD. Medications and diet, commonly thought to contribute to GID in ASD, were not associated with GID status. These findings are consistent with a hypothesis that GID in ASD represents pleiotropic expression of genetic risk factors.
Crystal Polymorphism: Challenges at the Crossroads of Science and Technology (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction What Are Polymorphism and the Multiplicity of Crystal Forms? Why Are Polymorphism and Multiple Crystal Forms Important? How Do We Detect and Characterize Multiple Crystal Forms? New Developments in Detecting and Characterizing Multiple Crystal Forms Examples of Crystal Form Identification and Characterization Practical Implications and Ramifications of Multiple Crystal Forms – Pharmaceuticals Conclusions
Early changes of experimentally induced cerebral aneurysms in rats: scanning electron microscopic study. (1986)

To obtain information about the early changes of experimentally induced cerebral aneurysms in rats, the luminal surface of branching areas of their cerebral arteries was examined with a scanning electron microscope. At the branching sites of major cerebral arteries in the control animals, the intima just distal to the apex markedly protruded into the lumen forming a linear bank-like intimal pad. Along and distal to this pad, there was a shallow long groove (juxta-apical groove). Such grooves were much deeper and wider in experimental animals than those in the control rats. By studying various stages of early aneurysmal changes, cerebral aneurysms were proven to develop from such grooves. In deep juxta-apical grooves and small aneurysms, round regenerated endothelial cells with a large number of microvilli were diffusely present. Degenerated cells with balloons and craters were observed intermingled with such regenerated cells. Interendothelial gaps were also seen. The present study showed the complex structure of the apex of arterial bifurcation in rats, including bank-like intimal pads. Such complex structures of the branching sites were considered to be responsible for the initiation of cerebral aneurysms due to endothelial injury possibly caused by turbulent flow there.
Fault chip defect characterization for wafer scale integration (1990)

A fault chip was designed and fabricated on a 2- mu m CMOS wafer-scale integration (WSI) process with greater than 90% wafer coverage. The chip consists of pinhole array capacitors, serpentine resistors, and comb resistors. These structures are tailored to simulate the basic cell in the WSI circuit. Defect cluster analysis, using the negative binomial distribution, indicated that significant clustering occurs for a number of defect types and varies from wafer to wafer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polling-based mac protocols for improving real-time performance in a wireless profibus (2003)

The idea of having a wireless PROFIBUS is appealing, since this can bring benefits like reduced cabling need and mobile stations to the factory floor. However, unfortunately, wireless transmission is error prone, which affects the timeliness and reliability behavior users expect from a fieldbus system (hard real time). In this paper, we compare two different approaches for the medium access control (MAC) and link layer of a wireless PROFIBUS system with respect to their so-called real-time performance in the presence of transmission errors. Specifically, we compare the existing PROFIBUS MAC and link layer protocol with a simple round-robin protocol. It is shown that round-robin delivers significantly better real-time performance than the PROFIBUS protocol under bursty error conditions. In a second step, we propose three add-ons to round-robin and we show that they further increase the real-time performance of round-robin. The add-ons take certain characteristics of the wireless medium into account.
Collagen Nanoparticle-Mediated Brain Silymarin Delivery: An Approach for Treating Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion-Induced Brain Injury (2020)

Silymarin is a bioactive constituent isolated from milk thistle (<i>Silybum marinum</i>). Since its discovery, silymarin has been considered a gold standard drug in treating ailments related to the liver, resulting from alcohol consumption and viral hepatitis. This hepatoprotective nature of silymarin arises out of antioxidative and tissue-regenerating properties of silymarin. However, several recent studies have established the neuroprotective link of silymarin, too. Thus, the current investigation was aimed at exploring the neuroprotective effect of nanosilymarin (silymarin encapsulated inside collagen-based polymeric nanoparticulate drug delivery system). The study aimed at bringing out the role of nanoparticles in enhancing the therapeutic effect of silymarin against neuronal injury, originating out of oxidative-stress-related brain damages in focal cerebral ischemia. Collagen-based micellar nanoparticles were prepared and stabilized using 3-ethyl carbodiimide-hydrochloride (EDC-Hcl) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as crosslinkers. Nanoparticles were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques, and the size of nanoparticles was found to be around 48 nm. Male albino Wistar rats were pretreated with three different doses of nanosilymarin of 10, 100, and 1,000 μg/kg b.wt and a dose of free silymarin of 100 mg/kg b.wt intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 days. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model on the eighth day for 1 h followed by 24 h reperfusion. The animals were then evaluated for neurobehavioral, infarct analysis, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies. All the above parameters showed remarkable improvement in nanosilymarin-treated groups in comparison to the silymarin-treated group. Nanoparticle encapsulation of drug enhanced neuroprotection by increasing drug bioavailability and targeting. Thus, the present study concluded with satisfactory results, showing the critical role played by nanoparticles in improving the neuroprotection at very low drug doses.
Remote radio heads and the evolution towards 4G networks (2009)

Distributed base stations with remote radio head (RRH) capability greatly help mobile operators to resolve cost, performance, and efficiency challenges when deploying new base stations on the road to fully developed 4G networks.Multi-mode radios capable of operating according to GSM, HSPA, LTE, and WiMAX standards and advanced software configurability are key features in the deployment of more flexible and energy-efficient radio networks.This white paper describes the key market and technology requirements for RRHs and how Radiocomps state-of-the-art WiMAX/LTE RRH and intellectual property (IP) core solutions, combined with latest FPGA technology from Altera, helps design compact, green, and full-featured applications for mobile network solutions.
Distribution of Rat C5a Anaphylatoxin Receptor (2002)

The anaphylatoxin, complement 5a (C5a), plays a key role in mediating various inflammatory reactions following complement activation. Several investigators have reported that C5a receptor (C5aR) is expressed in non-myeloid cells under certain conditions or in different cell lines. In our study, the abundance of C5aR-positive myeloid cells in rats depended on the organs examined. C5aR was usually expressed at the site of exposure to pathogens, such as in salivary gland or lung, and was up-regulated in liver in the inflammatory state induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Furthermore, the increased expression of C5aR antigen was not accompanied by an increase in C5aR mRNA in Kupffer cells following LPS challenge.
The Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Mass and Dissipation Sensor:  A Means of Studying Cell Adhesion (1998)

We explore the potential of using a quartz crystal microbalance based technique for the characterization of living cells during the process of adhesion to a surface. The combined information from simultaneously recorded changes in resonant frequency and energy dissipation is used to extract qualitative information about the cell adhesion process. Adhesion of small colonies of less than 100 cells in a serum-free environment can readily be detected and characterized. The evolution of the dissipation factor in combination with resonant frequency provides a fingerprint of the cell adhesion process, which is sensitive to properties of the surface as well as the type of cell.
Correction of metabolic abnormalities in a mouse model of glycogen storage disease type Ia by CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing (2020)

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia), deficient in glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6PC), is characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis and a hallmark of fasting hypoglycemia. We have developed a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector-mediated gene therapy for GSD-Ia that is currently in a phase I/II clinical trial. While therapeutic expression of the episomal rAAV-G6PC clinical vector is stable in mice, the long-term durability of expression in humans is currently being established. Here we evaluated CRISPR/Cas9-based in vivo genome editing technology to correct a prevalent pathogenic human variant, G6PC-p.R83C. We have generated a homozygous G6pc-R83C mouse strain and shown that the G6pc-R83C mice manifest impaired glucose homeostasis and frequent hypoglycemic seizures, mimicking the pathophysiology of GSD-Ia patients. We then used a CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing system to treat newborn G6pc-R83C mice and showed that the treated mice grew normally to age 16 weeks without hypoglycemia seizures. The treated G6pc-R83C mice, expressing ≥ 3% of normal hepatic G6Pase-α activity, maintained glucose homeostasis, displayed normalized blood metabolites, and could sustain 24 h of fasting. Taken together, we have developed a second-generation therapy in which in vivo correction of a pathogenic G6PC-p.R83C variant in its native genetic locus could lead to potentially permanent, durable, long-term correction of the GSD-Ia phenotype.
Giardia lamblia infections in adult mice (1994)

An adult mouse-Giardia lamblia model was developed and used to study host-parasite interactions, including antigenic variation. The H7/1 clone of isolate GS infected mice consistently and produced infections in 14 mouse strains tested. Infection patterns were mouse strain and Giardia isolate dependent. Antigenic variation occurred in immunocompetent mice but not in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency.
High-Modulus Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Expandable Fluorine Mica Nanocomposites with a Novel Reactive Compatibilizer (2002)

High modulus poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/layered silicate nanocomposites were prepared by employing a novel reactive compatibilizer, 10-[3,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)phenoxy]decyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (IP10TP), which was designed to link the layered silicate to the PET matrix through covalent and ionic bonds. The obtained nanocomposites showed a 70% higher flexural modulus than a raw PET at maximum.
A strategy for board level in-system programmable built-in assisted test and built-in self test (2006)

In-system programmable (ISP) built-in self test (BIST) and built-in assisted test (BIAT) is a board test strategy that utilizes field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), reconfigured solely for the application of test vectors. These test vectors are designed to either assure manufacturing & operational quality or assist in the functional verification. While mitigating lack of test access is the most prevalent application, increased device test capability as well as lower development times is realized in board test and system test.
Efficacy of Nd-YAG laser iridotomies in acute angle closure glaucoma. (1989)

Between September 1984 and April 1987 a total of 150 patients underwent Nd-YAG laser iridotomy procedures at the Bristol Eye Hospital. Forty of these patients (27%) were treated for acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG), and three of them (7%) suffered recurrent AACG. Sixteen patients who had been treated for AACG have been challenged by a pharmacological provocative test introduced by Mapstone, with a total of 23 eyes being tested. A negative result was obtained in all cases. Provocative testing is recommended to help identify those at risk of recurrent AACG.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor in the Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (2010)

BMSCs commit to osteoblastic differentiation in OM, which is enhanced by BMP-2. In addition, BMP signaling through BMPRIA and BMPRII regulates the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs in OM with or without BMP-2.
THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND SURFACE PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS ON THE COAGULATION OF BLOOD. I. SURFACE FREE ENERGY EFFECTS (1965)

From Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, California. Supported in part by the National Heart Institute under Contract PH 43–64-84. *Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Division of Kidney Disease, University of Washington School of Medicine. +Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Polymer Sciences Department, Stanford Research Institute.
FAILURE MODES IN MEDICAL DEVICE SOFTWARE: AN ANALYSIS OF 15 YEARS OF RECALL DATA (2001)

Most complex systems today contain software, and systems failures activated by software faults can provide lessons for software development practices and software quality assurance. This paper presents an analysis of software-related failures of medical devices that caused no death or injury but led to recalls by the manufacturers. The analysis categorizes the failures by their symptoms and faults, and discusses methods of preventing and detecting faults in each category. The nature of the faults provides lessons about the value of generally accepted quality practices for prevention and detection methods applied prior to system release. It also provides some insight into the need for formal requirements specification and for improved testing of complex hardware-software systems.
Semantically aware multilateral filter for depth upsampling in automotive LiDAR point clouds (2017)

We present a novel technique for fast and accurate reconstruction of depth images from 3D point clouds acquired in urban and rural driving environments. Our approach focuses entirely on the sparse distance and reflectance measurements generated by a LiDAR sensor. The main contribution of this paper is a combined segmentation and upsampling technique that preserves the important semantical structure of the scene. Data from the point cloud is segmented and projected onto a virtual camera image where a series of image processing steps are applied in order to reconstruct a fully sampled depth image. We achieve this by means of a multilateral filter that is guided into regions of distinct objects in the segmented point cloud. Thus, the gains of the proposed approach are two-fold: measurement noise in the original data is suppressed and missing depth values are reconstructed to arbitrary resolution. Objective evaluation in an automotive application shows state-of-the-art accuracy of our reconstructed depth images. Finally, we show the qualitative value of our images by training and evaluating a RGBD pedestrian detection system. By reinforcing the RGB pixels with our reconstructed depth values in the learning stage, a significant increase in detection rates can be realized while the model complexity remains comparable to the baseline.
High‐sensitive immunophenotyping and DNA ploidy studies for the investigation of minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma (1999)

Sensitive techniques for monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) in multiple myeloma (MM) are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of new intensive treatment strategies. The aim of the present study was to explore the applicability and sensitivity of flow cytometry immunophenotyping and DNA ploidy studies for the investigation of residual myelomatous plasma cells (PC) in MM patients. Bone marrow (BM) samples from 61 untreated MM patients were immunophenotypically analysed with a panel of 21 monoclonal antibodies, using a high-sensitive method based on a two-step acquisition procedure through a SSC/CD38 -CD138+ 'live-gate'. Overall, in 87% of MM cases, PC displayed an aberrant phenotype at diagnosis. The most important aberrant criteria were: antigen over-expression of CD56 (62%), CD28 (16%) and CD33 (6%) and asynchronous expression of CD117 (28%), sIg (21%) and CD20 (10%). DNA aneuploidy was found in 62% of cases. The simultaneous use of these two techniques allowed the detection of aberrant/aneuploid PC in 95% of the cases. Based on dilutional experiments, the detection limit of both techniques ranged from 10(-4) to 10(-5). In 29 stem cells harvests and 19 BM samples obtained 3 months after autologous transplantation, we have investigated the presence of residual myelomatous PC; they were detected in 44% of the stem cell collections and in 61% of the BM samples obtained after transplant. The percentage of pathological PC did not significantly change during the days of harvest. In summary, the present study shows that the combined use of immunophenotyping and DNA ploidy studies is a suitable approach for MRD investigation in MM patients based on their applicability (95% of cases) and sensitivity (up to 10(-5)).
IL-1 signaling mediates intrauterine inflammation and chorio-decidua neutrophil recruitment and activation (2018)

Neutrophil infiltration of the chorioamnion-decidua tissue at the maternal-fetal interface (chorioamnionitis) is a leading cause of prematurity, fetal inflammation, and perinatal mortality. We induced chorioamnionitis in preterm rhesus macaques by intraamniotic injection of LPS. Here, we show that, during chorioamnionitis, the amnion upregulated phospho-IRAK1-expressed neutrophil chemoattractants CXCL8 and CSF3 in an IL-1-dependent manner. IL-1R blockade decreased chorio-decidua neutrophil accumulation, neutrophil activation, and IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 concentrations in the amniotic fluid. Neutrophils accumulating in the chorio-decidua had increased survival mediated by BCL2A1, and IL-1R blockade also decreased BCL2A1+ chorio-decidua neutrophils. Readouts for inflammation in a cohort of women with preterm delivery and chorioamnionitis were similar to findings in the rhesus macaques. IL-1 is a potential therapeutic target for chorioamnionitis and associated morbidities.
Emerging Concept of Poliomyelitis Infection (1955)

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kNN-based multi-spectral MRI brain tissue classification: manual training versus automated atlas-based training (2006)

Conventional k-Nearest-Neighbor (kNN) classification, which has been successfully applied to classify brain tissue, requires laborious training on manually labeled subjects. In this work, the performance of kNN-based segmentation of gray matter (GM), white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using manual training is compared with a new method, in which training is automated using an atlas. From 12 subjects, standard T2 and PD scans and a high-resolution, high-contrast scan (Siemens T1-weighted HASTE sequence with reverse contrast) were used as feature sets. For the conventional kNN method, manual segmentations were used for training, and classifications were evaluated in a leave-one-out study. The performance as a function of the number of samples per tissue, and k was studied. For fully automated training, scans were registered to a probabilistic brain atlas. Initial training samples were randomly selected per tissue based on a threshold on the tissue probability. These initials were processed to keep the most reliable samples. Performance of the method for varying the threshold on the tissue probability method was studied. By measuring the percentage overlap (SI), classification results of both methods were validated. For conventional kNN classification, varying the number of training samples did not result in significant differences, while increasing k gave significantly better results. In the method using automated training, there is an overestimation of GM at the expense of CSF at higher thresholds on the tissue probability maps. The difference between the conventional method (k=45) and the observers was not significantly larger than inter-observer variability for all tissue types. The automated method performed slightly worse and performed equal to the observers for WM, and less for CSF and GM. From these results it can be concluded that conventional kNN classification may replace manual segmentation, and that atlas-based kNN segmentation has strong potential for fully automated segmentation, without the need of laborious manual training.