gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of stunning current on carcase quality in chickens (1989)

The effect of the stunning current at slaughter on carcase quality was examined in 1845 broiler chickens. As the current was increased there was an increase and then a decrease in the incidence of red wingtips and in haemorrhages of the wing veins and the shoulder joint. The incidence of deep breast muscle haemorrhages increased above about 130 mA, and the incidence of broken bones increased between 75 and 170 mA. The incidence of carcase defects was lowest when either less than 130 or greater than 190 mA was used to stun the birds.
Organic Transdermal Iontophoresis Patch with Built‐in Biofuel Cell (2014)

A completely organic iontophoresis patch is reported. A built-in biofuel cell is mounted on the patch that generates transdermal iontophoretic administration of compounds into the skin. The amplitude of transdermal current is tuned by integrating a conducting polymer-based stretchable resistor of predetermined resistance. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Differentiation of Shigella flexneri strains by rRNA gene restriction patterns (1992)

We studied the restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns of rRNA genes (ribotypes) of 72 clinical isolates of Shigella flexneri representing eight serotypes to determine whether ribotyping could be used to distinguish S. flexneri strains and to compare the discriminating ability of the method with that of serotyping. By using a cloned Escherichia coli rRNA operon as the probe, Southern blot hybridization of restriction endonuclease-digested total DNA was carried out. Ribotyping of the isolates with each of the five restriction endonucleases BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, PstI, and SalI generated reproducible restriction patterns. However, HindIII produced the optimum digestion pattern of the rRNA genes and was more useful than the other enzymes used in differentiating strains. Analysis of the 72 isolates showed 11 different HindIII cleavage patterns of their rRNA genes. Four of these HindIII-generated ribotypes could be further differentiated into two to four subribotypes by using PstI. The results indicate that ribotyping has an application for differentiation of S. flexneri strains and can complement serotyping. Definition of strains in terms of both serotype and ribotype may be of greater use in epidemiological studies.
토지이용에 따른 강우-유출 특성 변화 (2000)

The purpose of this study were to monitor rainfall and runoff data from paddy blocks and forest areas at the Balan Experimental Watershed, and to investigate the variations of runoff characteristics with different land use. Field data showed that the total runoff from paddies and forest areas are not significantly different in volume. The peak discharge from forest areas was less than that from paddies for lighter storms, but became greater for heavier storms. The results demonstrate that paddies play an important role to reduce peak discharge from heavy storms as compared to forest.
ANTISPERMATOGENIC PROPERTIES OF BULL SEMINAL RIBONUCLEASE (1973)

Subcutaneous or intratesticular injection of guinea-pigs and rabbits with bovine seminal vesicle (BSV) secretion was shown by Matoušek (1969) to result in damage to the seminiferous epithelium. Recently, Dostál & Matoušek (1972) obtained a purified protein from BSV secretion, with similar antispermatogenic properties. This protein had a molecular weight between 22,000 and 44,000 and was considered to be pure by several criteria, including chromatography, gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. There appeared to be a close similarity in physico-chemical properties between the antispermatogenic protein of Dostál & Matoušek (1972) and the ribonuclease (RNAase BS-1) which was discovered in bull seminal plasma in 1963 in one of our laboratories and was subsequently obtained in a crystalline state (D'Alessio & Leone, 1963; Floridi & D'Alessio, 1967; Floridi, 1968); the details concerning the
Effect of a superthermal electron tail on the yield ratio obtained from DT-targets illuminated with a shaped laser pulse (1974)

The possibility of achieving super-high compression of a bare drop of thermonuclear fuel using a shaped laser pulse depends sensitively on the electron distribution produced when the laser is absorbed. Particle simulation results indicate that laser energy absorbed near the critical density by parametric decay instabilities produces a long energetic tail of electrons which can be fit by an exponential of the form exp(−l/2 mv2/αkTe) where α is typically about 12 and Te is the temperature of the background electrons. The yield from a given size pellet is sensitive both to the energy in the tail and to the slope of the tail as determined by α. This paper presents calculations of the optimized yield ratio for various α's and for varying fractions, f, in the tail for a target which is a 60 μg sphere of D-T. With an isotropic source of hot electrons produced in the absorption process, for α = 24, the worst case for this target, somewhat better than breakeven is achieved with 100 kilojoules of input energy and 30% of the laser energy in a superthermal tail. With α = 6, about 5 times breakeven is achieved with an input of 150 kJ and all of the laser energy in a superthermal tail. For comparison, when all of the energy is deposited into an inverse bremsstrahlung spectrum, the same target yields 2.2 megajoules with an input of 46 kilojoules.
Synthesis, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, and Anti-HIV Activity of AZT−Spacer−Curdlan Sulfates (1999)

An AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) drug, azidothymidine (AZT), was bound by an ester bond onto curdlan sulfate having both anti-HIV activity and the property of accumulating in lymphoid tissues to produce a series of biodegradable AZT−aliphatic-dicarboxylate−curdlan sulfates (designated as AZT−spacer−curdlan sulfates). When the carbon number of the alkylene group was 2−12, AZT−spacer−curdlan sulfates exhibited high anti-HIV activities in the EC50 range of 0.04 − 0.21 μg/mL and low cytotoxicities of CC50 of more than 1000 μg/mL. AZT−dodecanedicarboxylate−curdlan sulfate with the highest anti-HIV activity was easily hydrolyzed by esterase−enzymatic hydrolysis to release free AZT. Furthermore, an acidically released AZT from curdlan sulfate exhibited its high anti-HIV activity. AZT−dodecanedicarboxylate−curdlan sulfate showed a low anticoagulant activity of 7 unit/mg.
Determination of the "field radius" /spl omega//sub /spl infin// from bending loss measurements of optical fibers with arbitrary index profile (1996)

A new method to determine the field radius /spl omega//sub /spl infin// from the bending loss of the guided fundamental mode is presented. Experimental results verify the validity of the method. The accuracy of the method is basically determined by the accuracy of the bending loss measurement. It is shown, that the whispering gallery modes will not reduce the accuracy of the method significantly. The method is applicable to any single-mode fiber with arbitrary refractive index profile, whereas the method used by now (far field) is only applicable to matched clad structures. Furthermore, it is shown, that an effective bending radius must be used in order to compare the results of the far field and bending loss measurements. For the first time a method to measure the effective bending radius is given.
Feature extraction for massive data mining (1995)

Techniques for learning from data typically require data to be in standard form. Measurements must be encoded in a numerical format such as binary true-or-false features, numerical features, or possibly numerical codes. In addition, for classification, a clear goal for learning must be specified. While some databases may readily be arranged in standard form, many others may be combinations of numerical fields or text, with thousands of possibilities for each data field, and multiple instances of the same field specification. A significant portion of the effort in real-world data mining applications involves defining, identifying and encoding the data into suitable features. In this paper, we describe an automatic feature extraction procedure, adapted from modern text categorization techniques, that maps very large databases into manageable datasets in standard form. We describe a commercial application of this procedure to mining a collection of very large databases of home appliance service records for a major international retailer.
Iridium(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Enynes (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTIridium(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of EnynesNaoto Chatani, Hiroki Inoue, Tsumoru Morimoto, Toyoshige Muto, and Shinji MuraiView Author Information Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 12, 4433–4436Publication Date (Web):May 11, 2001Publication History Received23 January 2001Published online11 May 2001Published inissue 1 June 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo010091yCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1832Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (57 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Additives,Catalysts,Isomerization,Propargyls,Substitution reactions Get e-Alerts
Spectroscopic Methods for Determining Protein Structure in Solution (1996)

Overview of protein structure and spectroscopic methods protein structure analysis using circular dichroism energy transfer methods for determining distance distributions in proteins applications of global analysis to time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of proteins zero-order and derivative ultraviolet absorption techniques for investigating protein tertiary structure protein structure as revealed by non-resonance Raman spectroscopy probes of local protein structure with resonance Raman spectroscopy infrared absorption methods for examining protein structure protein structure investigations with vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy protein NMR studies of medium-size proteins in solution protein dynamics from a theoretical perspective.
Association Between Wellness Score from a Health Risk Appraisal and Prospective Medical Claims Costs (2003)

This study examines how wellness scores generated from the Health Risk Appraisal are associated with prospective medical claims costs, controlling for age, gender, and disease status. The study was conducted among 19,861 active employees who participated in the Health Risk Appraisal and selected indemnity or PPO medical plans from 1996 to 1998. A multiple regression model based on group averages of age, gender, disease status, and wellness score levels was developed among a randomly selected screening subsample (n=10,172) from the study sample. Total medical claim costs of -$56, $88, and $3574 were estimated for one additional point on the wellness score, 1 year of additional age, and an existing major disease, respectively. No significant differences were found between the model predicted and actual medical claims costs for the individuals in both screening and calibration (n=9689) subsamples.
Distribution sort with randomized cycling (2006)

Parallel independent disks can enhance the performance of external memory (EM) algorithms, but the programming task is often difficult. Each disk can service only one read or write request at a time; the challenge is to keep the disks as busy as possible. In this article, we develop a randomized allocation discipline for parallel independent disks, called randomized cycling . We show how it can be used as the basis for an efficient distribution sort algorithm, which we call randomized cycling distribution sort (RCD). We prove that the expected I/O complexity of RCD is optimal. The analysis uses a novel reduction to a scenario with significantly fewer probabilistic interdependencies. We demonstrate RCD's practicality by experimental simulations. Using the randomized cycling discipline, algorithms developed for the unrealistic multihead disk model can be simulated on the realistic parallel disk model for the class of multipass algorithms, which make a complete pass through their data before accessing any element a second time. In particular, algorithms based upon the well-known distribution and merge paradigms of EM computation can be optimally extended from a single disk to parallel disks.
Upper bounds on the MAP threshold of iterative decoding systems with erasure noise (2008)

Following the work of Méasson, Montanari, and Urbanke, this paper considers the maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding thresholds of three iterative decoding systems. First, irregular repeat-accumulate (IRA) and accumulate-repeat-accumulate (ARA) code ensembles are analyzed on the binary erasure channel (BEC). Next, the joint iterative decoding of LDPC codes is studied on the dicode erasure channel (DEC). The DEC is a two-state intersymbol-interference (ISI) channel with erasure noise, and it is the simplest example of an ISI channel with erasure noise. The MAP threshold bound for the joint decoder is based on a slight generalization of the EXIT area theorem.
A Practical Synthesis of a Potent δ-Opioid Antagonist:  Use of a Modified Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis (2004)

A modified Knorr pyrrole reaction is described which may have practical benefits for the large-scale synthesis of SB-342219. The use of zinc to reduce a phenylhydrazone is replaced by the hydrogenation of the corresponding oxime to provide a common aminoketone intermediate. The modifications have practical benefit with respect to carrying out the reaction and isolating the product. A modified N-demethylation procedure is also described. The use of zinc to reduce an intermediate trichloroethylcarbamate is replaced with the aqueous hydrolysis of the corresponding 1-chloroethylcarbamate.
Motion tracking and radionuclide imaging (2004)

PET and SPECT provide important functional and biochemical information about a patient's health. However, the typical nuclear medicine study requires lengthy acquisition times during which involuntary patient motion can lead to blurring in the radionuclide image. It is therefore important to be able to track and compensate for this motion, and to understand the relationship between internal organ motion/deformation and the motion of an externally observable structure such as the skin. Optical motion tracking (using a Polaris camera and passive markers) and MRI were used to characterize patient respiratory movement and generate models of respiratory-induced motion. These data were also used in SPECT imaging simulations to model the effects of realistic respiratory motion on nuclear medicine images. These studies should be useful for informing numerical, dynamic models of human anatomy and understanding the system specifications required for functional image-guided therapies.
Batteryless Hall Sensor Operated by Energy Harvesting From a Single Wiegand Pulse (2017)

We operated a Hall sensor using energy harvested from a magnetic wire. A batteryless sensor is expected to be a key device for the Internet of Things. Magnetization reversal in magnetic wires with bistable magnetization states induces a pulse voltage in a pickup coil. The amplitude of the voltage is independent of the applied field frequency, down to zero. This fast magnetization reversal is accompanied by a large Barkhausen jump, which has been known as the Wiegand effect. Electricity generation using this effect, obtained with twisted FeCoV magnetic wires, was studied. The energy obtained as a single pulse voltage was 600 nJ. The Hall sensor operated with this pulse voltage. The pulse power of 0.88 V/1.3 mA was applied to the Hall sensor. The Hall voltage was proportional to the sensing magnetic field of 50-300 mT.
Analysis of TTL-based Cache Networks (2012)

Many researchers have been working on the performance analysis of caching in Information-Centric Networks (ICNs) under various replacement policies like Least Recently Used (LRU), FIFO or Random (RND). However, no exact results are provided, and many approximate models do not scale even for the simp
THE BIBLE (1953)

Journal Article THE BIBLE Get access The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings. By EDWIN R. THIELE. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1951. xxi + 298 pages. $6.00. DAVID NOEL FREEDMAN DAVID NOEL FREEDMAN Western Theological Seminary, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XXI, Issue 2, April 1953, Pages 122–124, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XXI.2.122 Published: 01 April 1953
Lead halide inorganic–organic hybrids incorporating diammonium cations (2012)

Diammonium cations of general formula (H3N–R–NH3) have been used as templating moieties on lead(II) halide motifs, forming a variety of inorganic–organic nanocomposites. The R group can have simple, straight alkyl chains, which if even-membered and greater than ethane, form 2-D layers based on the RbAlF4 structure type, as found in [(H3N(CH2)4NH3)PbBr4] (1), [(H3N(CH2)4NH3)PbI4] (2), [(H3N(CH2)8NH3)PbI4] (4), [(H3N(CH2)10NH3)PbBr4] (5), and [(H3N(CH2)12NH3)PbI4] (6). If the R group has fused aromatic rings like naphthalene, the 2-D layered perovskite-type motif is still adopted, as in [(H3NC10H6NH3)PbI4] (7). If the chain is odd-membered, a 0-D inorganic motif, consisting of isolated blocks of face-sharing PbI6 octahedra and isolated iodide anions is seen, as in [(H3N(CH2)7NH3)4Pb3I12·2I−] (3). 1-D motifs, which have edge-sharing twin-anionic chains of corner-sharing ribbons are also observed in the compounds [(H3NC2H4NH3)4PbBr4] (8) and [(H3NC6H4CH2C6H4NH3)PbI6] (9) respectively.
Ensemble methods for uplift modeling (2014)

Uplift modeling is a branch of machine learning which aims at predicting the causal effect of an action such as a marketing campaign or a medical treatment on a given individual by taking into account responses in a treatment group, containing individuals subject to the action, and a control group serving as a background. The resulting model can then be used to select individuals for whom the action will be most profitable. This paper analyzes the use of ensemble methods: bagging and random forests in uplift modeling. We perform an extensive experimental evaluation to demonstrate that the application of those methods often results in spectacular gains in model performance, turning almost useless single models into highly capable uplift ensembles. The gains are much larger than those achieved in case of standard classification. We show that those gains are a result of high ensemble diversity, which in turn is a result of the differences between class probabilities in the treatment and control groups being harder to model than the class probabilities themselves. The feature of uplift modeling which makes it difficult thus also makes it amenable to the application of ensemble methods. As a result, bagging and random forests emerge from our evaluation as key tools in the uplift modeling toolbox.
Picosecond photocarrier-lifetime in ErAs:InGaAs at 1.55 μm (2003)

This letter reports the measurement of photocarrier lifetime in ErAs:InGaAs epitaxial material grown on InP substrates. The measurement technique is ultrafast time-resolved phototransmission using a 1.55 μm mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser. A lifetime of 3.56 ps is found in a sample containing an InAlAs smoothing layer, compared to 0.96 ps in a sample without any InAlAs. The difference is explained using a model of ambipolar diffusion of photocarriers.
Polymeric Additives for High Performing Detergents (1994)

A thorough review of polymer additives for detergents: chemistry, formulation, testing, mechanisms, performance, applications, and safety concerns. New developments in all these areas are included. Extensive reference data included
Copper‐replacement treatment for symptomatic Menkes disease: ethical considerations (2005)

We describe a child with classical Menkes disease with a novel ATP7A mutation, intractable seizures, severe hypotonia and developmental delay, hypopigmentation of the skin and hair, and failure to thrive, who was treated with daily subcutaneous copper histidine injections for 2(1/2) years, beginning at 15 months of age. He became seizure-free and pigmentation of his skin and hair darkened, but he continued to have severe developmental delays. His condition remains stable 8 months after stopping treatment. We review the ethical aspects of offering copper treatment for Menkes disease infants diagnosed after neurological symptoms become manifest. These include (1) the prospect for any benefits, (2) the potential risks and discomforts, (3) the parents' wishes with respect to treatment, (4) the family's understanding of the treatment's potential futility, (5) the family's understanding of the investigational nature of this treatment, (6) the potential for treatment to have an adverse impact on unaffected family members, (7) whether the ultimate decision regarding treatment should rest with health care providers or with the patient's parents, and (8) the duration of treatment. The ethical issues encountered in providing possibly futile treatment in this difficult disorder seem relevant to other pediatric medical conditions as well.