gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Water Rates (1966)

This article discusses water rate structures for use in conjunction with metering, even though various forms of flat rates are still in use in many communities, New York City being one of the more notable examples of such communities. The article discusses a number of different methods for rate design, with the end result including two important principles: water rates need to be adequate and return sufficient revenue to allow the utility to operate and meet all of its financial obligations; and, the rates to specific customers should follow as nearly as possible the costs of providing service to these particular customers.
Knowledge engineering approach to data centres disaster backup/recovery planning (2003)

A description is given of a planning system implemented in a knowledge-based environment which is capable of deducing a critical application recovery sequence, data backup requirements, as well as providing capacity and configuration management. Knowledge of the planning methodology is acquired and represented as rules in the knowledge base, and further reasoning and deduction are performed by the inference engine of the knowledge-based system rather than by human experts. The authors describe the basic functions to be performed in the disaster backup/recovery planning process, the mechanisms associated with the knowledge-based system, the operations of the prototype system, and the basis for future enhancements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of Qa-1bPeptide Binding Specificity and the Capacity of Cd94/Nkg2a to Discriminate between Qa-1–Peptide Complexes (2000)

The major histocompatibility complex class Ib protein, Qa-1(b), serves as a ligand for murine CD94/NKG2A natural killer (NK) cell inhibitory receptors. The Qa-1(b) peptide-binding site is predominantly occupied by a single nonameric peptide, Qa-1 determinant modifier (Qdm), derived from the leader sequence of H-2D and L molecules. Five anchor residues were identified in this study by measuring the peptide-binding affinities of substituted Qdm peptides in experiments with purified recombinant Qa-1(b). A candidate peptide-binding motif was determined by sequence analysis of peptides eluted from Qa-1 that had been folded in the presence of random peptide libraries or pools of Qdm derivatives randomized at specific anchor positions. The results indicate that Qa-1(b) can bind a diverse repertoire of peptides but that Qdm has an optimal primary structure for binding Qa-1(b). Flow cytometry experiments with Qa-1(b) tetramers and NK target cell lysis assays demonstrated that CD94/NKG2A discriminates between Qa-1(b) complexes containing peptides with substitutions at nonanchor positions P4, P5, or P8. Our findings suggest that it may be difficult for viruses to generate decoy peptides that mimic Qdm and raise the possibility that competitive replacement of Qdm with other peptides may provide a novel mechanism for activation of NK cells.
Real-time audio transceiver utilizing 802.11b wireless technology (2007)

This paper describes the design and testing of a device that employs pre-built IEEE 802.11b wireless cards in a real-time audio application. IEEE 802.11b WiFi cards have been used for high data rate applications where latency is not of primary concern. The main goal was to investigate if IEEE 802.11b would be capable of handling the type of load created by audio transmission. The application for this specific device is a wireless guitar transmitter/receiver for real time transmission between a guitar and an amplifier. For testing and analysis purposes, two embedded boards interfaced to IEEE 802.11b Compact Flash cards were connected in an ad hoc network. A 16 bit, 44.1 kHz mono signal was selected in order to ensure the quality of the audio output. Buffering was implemented at both the transmitter and receiver for reliability with careful selection of the buffer length to ensure no perceivable latency. Both the wireless card configuration and packet headers were primary issues in operating IEEE 802.11b in a real-time scenario. Timing results and the overall system performance will be presented in this work.
Effect of anionic–nonionic-mixed surfactant micelles on solubilization of PAHs (2013)

The solubility enhancement of phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (FLT), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in water by the single anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), single nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX100), and mixed surfactant solution (SDS-TX100) with varying proportions and the synergism mechanism were investigated in detail. Solubilization of phenanthrene was greatly enhanced either by SDS or by TX100. The sequence of solubilization for different mixed-surfactant solutions or surfactant solutions was SDS-TX100 (1:9, liquid mass ratio) > TX100 > SDS-TX100 (2:8) > SDS-TX100 (3:7) > SDS-TX100 (4:6) > SDS-TX100 (1:1) > SDS-TX100 (7:3) > SDS when the concentrations were above their critical micelle concentration (CMC). The composite surfactant SDS-TX100 (1.9) had better solubilization capacity than any single surfactant, which is attributed to the lower CMC of the mixed surfactant solution and the increase of the molar solubilization ratio (MSR) of the solution. The linear relationship between the solubility values of three targets polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the polarities of the microenvironments of pyrene with SDS-TX100 mixtures has been demonstrated, with a linear regression coefficient of 0.7331, 0.7658, and 0.8669, respectively. The optimum mixed micelles of the anionic and nonionic surfactants (SDS-TX100; 1:9) had lower polarity and higher aggregation number This indicated that more PAHs were transferred into the mixed micelles of the anionic and nonionic surfactants.
The true lift model (2002)

In database marketing, data mining has been used extensively to find the optimal customer targets so as to maximize return on investment. In particular, using marketing campaign data, models are typically developed to identify characteristics of customers who are most likely to respond. While these models are helpful in identifying the likely responders, they may be targeting customers who have decided to take the desirable action or not regardless of whether they receive the campaign contact (e.g. mail, call). Based on many years of business experience, we identify the appropriate business objective and its associated mathematical objective function. We point out that the current approach is not directly designed to solve the appropriate business objective. We then propose a new methodology to identify the customers whose decisions will be positively influenced by campaigns. The proposed methodology is easy to implement and can be used in conjunction with most commonly used supervised learning algorithms. An example using simulated data is used to illustrate the proposed methodology. This paper may provide the database marketing industry with a simple but significant methodological improvement and open a new area for further research and development.
MR Imaging Evaluation of the Activity of Crohn's Disease (2001)

MR imaging is useful in assessing the activity of Crohn's disease and may be helpful when clinical scoring is equivocal.
Grafitter (2009)

"Know thyself". Carved in stone in front of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, that was the first thing people saw when they visited the Oracle to find answers. The benefits of knowing oneself are many. It fosters insight, increases self-control, and promotes positive behaviors such as exercise and energy conservation.
Organ-Specific Differential Regulation of a Promoter Subfamily for the Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Small Subunit Genes in Tomato (1995)

The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) gene family for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RBCS) has been investigated to determine the role of promoter regions and DNA-protein interactions in the differential organ-specific transcription of individual genes. Transgenic plants expressing RBCS-promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusion genes have confirmed that promoter fragments ranging from 0.6 to 3.0 kb of the RBCS1, RBCS2, and RBCS3A genes were sufficient to confer the temporal, organ-specific, and differential expression pattern observed for the endogenous genes. The individual temporal and organ-specific beta-glucuronidase enzyme activities closely reflect the qualitative and quantitative transcription activities of the respective RBCS genes, including the strongly reduced activity of RBCS3A (L.A. Wanner, W. Gruissem [1991] Plant Cell 3: 1289-1303). In particular, tissue-specific activity of all three promoters is similar in developing fruit, with high activity in the locular tissue and extremely reduced activity in the pericarp. This specific pattern of gene activity was further substantiated by in situ analysis of RBCS mRNA levels. Together, the data suggest an interesting correlation between RBCS gene activity and sink strength in different fruit tissues. DNA-protein interaction studies have revealed a novel fruit-specific DNA-binding protein called FBF that specifically interacts with a sequence element directly upstream of the G-box in the RBCS3A promoter. FBF binding thus correlates with the reduced activity of this promoter in developing tomato fruit, rendering it a candidate for a fruit-specific negative regulator of transcription in tomato.
Using planning techniques to provide feedback in interactive learning environments (2002)

A scheme for domain and task representation in an interactive learning environment is described. The approach, based on recent enhancements to a classic AI planning formulation, enables suitable feedback to be incorporated economically into tutors for a range of procedural domains. The method is applied to the problem of simulating the operation of a video cassette recorder and representing tasks within this domain.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Liquid Interfaces Probed by Second-Harmonic and Sum-Frequency Spectroscopy (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquid Interfaces Probed by Second-Harmonic and Sum-Frequency SpectroscopyK. B. EisenthalView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 4, 1343–1360Publication Date (Web):June 20, 1996Publication History Received6 September 1995Revised13 March 1996Published online20 June 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9502211https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9502211research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5191Altmetric-Citations1059LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Interfaces,Liquids,Molecules,Monolayers,Nonlinear optics Get e-Alerts
A Microinverter for Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (2009)

A transformerless microinverter is described that is intended for integration into building materials such as residential roof shingles. The inverter achieves low profile (3 mm), high efficiency (95.1%) and high reliability capacitive energy storage using 125degC ceramics. It is intended to interface a 25 W photovoltaic array such as a small thin-film residential roof shingle to the 120 V AC utility. Design tradeoffs involving cost and efficiency are described, and operation of an experimental prototype is documented.
Protective effects of delipidated mycobacterial cells and purified cell walls against Ehrlich carcinoma and a syngeneic lymphoid leukemia in mice. (1973)

Summary Delipidated cells of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium kansasii as well as purified cell walls of M. kansasii are shown to protect mice against Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma and a syngeneic lymphoid leukemia. These preparations, which are injected in 0.9% NaCl solution, have greater antitumor activity than killed cells of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin . The activity of purified cell walls is diminished by Pronase digestion and renewed delipidation, although, if suspended in small amounts of Bayol F, their activity is restored. The active fractions are shown to be devoid of several of the noxious effects of whole mycobacterial cells, i.e. , they do not sensitize to endotoxins and do not produce hypertrophy of spleen or liver; they also do not sensitize to histamine in opposition to what is observed after treatment by other immunoadjuvants such as Hemophilus pertussis or Corynebacterium parvum .
Bancassurance – A new channel for emerging growth of Indian insurance industry (2012)

Bancassurance simply means selling of insurance products by banks. In this arrangement, insurance companies and banks undergo a tie-up, thereby allowing banks to sell the insurance products to its customers. In India, the insurance companies opened up to Bancassurance in 2002. This study makes an attempt with the objectives to examine the recent trends in Bancassurance business in India and to analyze the growth in bank tie-ups with insurance companies in India. At present 91 banks have tie up with insurance companies. The new IRDA guidelines for Bancassurance have increased the disclosure norms for the banks and insurance companies and restricting the number of tie-ups. While comparing various insurance products in the Bancassurance, the survey reveals that the motor insurance is the top selling product for general insurers through the bank and non-banking financial companies channel followed by Personal Accident insurance, Housing insurance and Property insurance. The future of the Bancassurance depends on how well the banks and insurance companies are able to overcome the operational challenges that are being constantly thrown at them.
An FPGA Implementation of Hierarchical Motion Estimation for Embedded Object Tracking (2006)

This paper presents the hardware implementation of an algorithm developed to provide automatic motion detection and object tracking functionality embedded within intelligent CCTV systems. The implementation is targeted at an Altera Stratix FPGA making full use of the dedicated DSP resource. The Altera Nios embedded processor provides a platform for the tracking control loop and generic pan tilt zoom camera interface. This paper details the explicit functional stages of the algorithm that lend themselves to an optimised pipelined hardware implementation. This implementation provides maximum data throughput, providing real-time operation of the described algorithm, and enables a moving camera to track a moving object in real time
Improving Hematite’s Solar Water Splitting Efficiency by Incorporating Rare-Earth Upconversion Nanomaterials (2012)

Confounded by global energy needs, much research has been devoted to convert solar energy to various usable forms, such as chemical energy in the form of hydrogen via water splitting. Most photoelectrodes, such as hematite, utilize UV and visible radiation, whereas ∼40% infrared (IR) energy remains unconverted. This work represents our initial attempt to utilize IR radiation, that is, adding rare-earth materials to existing photoelectrodes. A simple substrate composed of hematite film and rare-earth nanocrystals (RENs) was prepared and characterized. Spectroscopy evidence indicates that the RENs in the composite absorb IR radiation (980 nm) and emit at 550 and 670 nm. The emitted photons are absorbed by surrounding hematite films, leading to improvement of water splitting efficiency as measured by photocurrent enhancement. This initial work demonstrates the feasibility and concept of using RENs for utilizing more solar radiation, thus improving the efficiency of existing solar materials and devices.
Preserving Personalized Pagerank in Subgraphs (2011)

Choosing a subgraph that can concisely represent a large real-world graph is useful in many scenarios. The usual strategy employed is to sample nodes so that the induced subgraph matches the original graph's degree distribution, clustering coefficient, etc., but no attempt is made to preserve fine-grained relationships between nodes, which are vital for applications like clustering, classification, and ranking. In this work, we model such relationships via the notion of Personalized PageRank Value (PPV). We show that induced subgraphs output by current sampling methods do not preserve PPVs, and propose algorithms for creating PPV-preserving subgraphs on any given subset of graph nodes. Experiments on three large real-world graphs show that the subgraphs created by our method improve upon induced subgraphs in terms of preserving PPVs, clustering accuracy, and maintaining basic graph properties.
Polymorphic MHC class II promoters exhibit distinct expression pattern in various antigen‐presenting cell lines (1997)

The promoter regions of MHC class II genes are characterized by the presence of conserved sequence motifs called S,X and Y boxes, which are crucial for regulation of transcription of these genes. In humans, promoter polymorphism is known to result in differential transcriptional activity at both inter-locus and inter-allelic levels, but it is not yet known how this relates to tissue-specific expression of MHC class II molecules. We sequenced the 5' regulatory regions of alpha and beta genes of I-A and I-E molecules from four mouse haplotypes and found allelic polymorphisms which were mainly confined to the X box. The promoter sequences of I-Ea genes were non-polymorphic. Transfection of four antigen-presenting cell types with promoter-reporter gene constructs revealed that the promoter sequence polymorphisms result in distinct allele- and tissue-specific activity patterns. Mutagenesis experiments in which the X2 box was reshuffled between I-A beta alleles demonstrated that this box contributes to regulation of differential MHC class II expression in the four cell types. The possibility is discussed that tissue-specific MHC class II expression may control differentiation of T-cell subsets.
Design and modeling of clustered RAID (2003)

A redundant array of independent disks (RAID) consisting of G disks provides protection against single disk failures by adding one parity block for each G-1 data blocks. In a clustered RAID, the G data/parity blocks are distributed over a cluster of C disks, C>G, thus reducing the additional load on each disk due to a single disk failure. The authors present a fast algorithm for distributing parity groups of size G over C disks. They create mappings for each parity group based on almost-random permutations. An analytical model is constructed to predict recovery time and read/write performance. The analysis shows that the clustered RAID is significantly more tolerant of disk failure than the basic RAID scheme. Both recovery time and performance degradation during recovery are substantially reduced in the clustered RAID.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Update in Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease 2010 (2011)

Tuberculosis (TB) still remains an important infectious disease and health problem worldwide in 2010. The estimates of its global burden from the World Health Organization (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland) in 2009 were 9.4 million incident cases, 14 million prevalent cases, and 1.68 million deaths (with 0.38 million in HIV-positive individuals). Drug resistance and HIV coinfection continue to pose a challenge to the global control of TB. These scenarios have underscored the tremendous enthusiasm sustaining TB research globally and in the United States. In addition, the prevalence of infection/disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is escalating in various parts of the globe. In 2010, 24 studies on TB and NTM were published in the Journal . These articles are reviewed, alongside others published elsewhere, in this current update.
Ten‐Hertz stimulation of subthalamic nucleus deteriorates motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (2004)

Recently, a pathological oscillatory network at 10 Hz including several motor areas was described in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). In 7 PD patients, we tested the clinical effect of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation at varying frequencies 1 to 3 years after implantation of electrodes. STN stimulation at 10 Hz induced significant worsening of motor symptoms, especially akinesia, compared with no stimulation and therapeutic stimulation (> or =130 Hz). This finding indicates the clinical relevance of pathological 10 Hz synchronization in PD.
<title>Die-to-die inspection of phase-shifting masks</title> (1994)

The evaluation of three different phase-shifting inspection test masks will be described. Each reticle was used to evaluate the defect detection capabilities on an automated inspection station for a different phase shifting technique. Two test reticles (alternate aperture and sized rim shifter) were fabricated using standard chromium on quartz blanks and one attenuated test reticle was made using thin chromium on a quartz blank provided by Hoya. A comprehensive study was conducted to determine the defect detection rates of phase defects achievable on these reticles using optimized settings for a KLA219HRL-PS automated inspection station. Results show that considerable gains in sensitivity and false detection reduction could be achieved using optimized settings, but phase defect detection and below 0.5 micrometers will require moving to the next generation tool.
Student Preference for Learning: The Notion of Music Literacy (2004)

In this paper I discuss the notion of music literacy and how the concept of being musically literate varies across cultural boundaries. Increasingly music educators and researchers acknowledge that a 'west-centric' approach to music teaching and learning and the view to what music literacy is may not necessarily be appropriate given the diverse student population present in the contemporary music education environment (Dunbar-Hall, 1999; Leong, 1999; Smith, 1998; Stowasser, 1995). These views will be explored. The background to this research will then be presented, documenting the findings of a participant-observation case study of a number of music teachers carried out for the my doctoral research. Following on from this body of work the student voice on preference for learning and concept of skill development was acquired as a logical sequence. The initial findings of this study (Stage 1) and suggestions for further stages of the research will then be presented.
A revision of the North American species of the Phoberia - Melipotis - Drasteria group of moths (Lepidoptera, Phalaeni-dae) (1939)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Therapeutic touch is good, but technology cannot be ignored (2010)

While I agree that nurses should rely more on their sense of touch, sight and hearing when assessing patients (features September 8), this should be in conjunction with state-of-the-art technology and monitoring devices. We need to nurse in the 21st century, not the 19th.