gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facilitated Endogenous Repair: Making Tissue Engineering Simple, Practical, and Economical (2007)

Facilitated endogenous repair is a novel approach to tissue engineering that avoids the ex vivo culture of autologous cells and the need for manufactured scaffolds, while minimizing the number and invasiveness of associated clinical procedures. The strategy relies on harnessing the intrinsic regenerative potential of endogenous tissues using molecular stimuli, such as gene transfer, to initiate reparative processes in situ. In the simplest example, direct percutaneous injection of an osteogenic vector is used to stimulate bone healing. If necessary, additional progenitor cells and space-filling scaffolds can be provided by autologous bone marrow, muscle, fat, and perhaps other tissues. These can be harvested, processed, and reimplanted by simple, expedited, intraoperative procedures. Examples of repair of experimental osseous and osteochondral lesions in laboratory animals are described. If successful, these strategies will provide methods for tissue regeneration that are not only effective but also inexpensive, safe, and clinically expeditious. Although orthopaedic examples are given here, the technology should be more generally applicable.
HPLC analysis of leaf surface flavonoids for the preliminary classification of birch species (2006)

Flavonoid aglycones found on the surfaces of birch (Betula spp.) leaves may constitute up to 10% of the dry weight of the leaf. A facile extraction and HPLC procedure has been developed that can be used for the preliminary classification of birch species according to the patterns of their leaf surface flavonoids. The procedure involves no complex sample preparation steps, and is able to provide HPLC chromatograms from fresh leaves in less than 30 min. If necessary, leaves do not even need to be removed from the tree. Since the genus Betula is taxonomically complex and separation of different birch species can be problematic, the developed method was applied to 15 Betula species and four sub-species of Betula pendula Seven of the studied species were classified as B. pubescens and eight as B. pendula-type birches. The remaining four species did not belong to either of these two classes on account of their unique pattern of external flavonoids. The difference between the leaf surface flavonoid composition of B. pubescens and B. pendula type birch species was unambiguously clear, and the developed method could reliably distinguish between the two species. Whilst leaf surface flavonoids can be valuable chemotaxonomic markers, they classify birch species differently from morphological markers. Birch species with diploid chromosome sets did not contain any of the flavanones that were present in the leaves of other species. The close relationship between the occurrence of some flavonoid aglycones and the ploidy level of Betula species suggests that these chemotaxonomic markers may be useful both in taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses.
Size selectivity of hyaluronan molecular sieving by extracellular matrix in rabbit synovial joints (2005)

In joint fluid the polymer hyaluronan (HA) confers viscous lubrication and greatly attenuates trans-synovial fluid loss (outflow buffering). Outflow buffering arises from the molecular sieving (reflection) and concentration polarization of HA at the synovial membrane surface. Outflow buffering declines if HA chain length is reduced, as in arthritis, and this has been attributed to reduced HA reflection. This was tested directly in the present study. Infused solutions of HA of approximately 2200 kDa (HA2000, 0.2 mg ml(-1)) or approximately 500 kDa (HA500, 0.2 mg ml(-1)) or approximately 140 kDa (HA140, 0.2-4.0 mg ml(-1)) were filtered across the synovial lining of the knee joint cavity of anaesthetized rabbits at a constant rate, along with a freely permeating reference solute, 20 kDa fluorescein-dextran (FD20). After a priming period the femoral lymph was sampled over 3 h. Mixed intra-articular (i.a.) fluid and subsynovial fluid were sampled at the end. Fluids were analysed by gel exclusion chromatography. The trans-synovial concentration profile was found to depend on polymer size. The i.a. concentration of HA2000 increased substantially relative to infusate and the subsynovial and lymph concentrations fell substantially. For HA500 and HA140 the trans-synovial concentration gradients were less pronounced, and absent for FD. The reflected fractions for HA2000, HA500 and HA140 across the cavity-to-lymph barrier were 0.65 +/- 0.05 (n = 10), 0.43 +/- 0.09 (n = 3) and 0.19 +/- 0.05 (n = 7), respectively, at matched filtration rates (P < 0.0001, analysis of variance). Reflected fractions calculated from HA i.a. accumulation or subsynovial dilution showed the same trend. The results demonstrate size-selective molecular sieving by the synovial extracellular matrix, equivalent to steric exclusion from cylindrical pores of radius 33-59 nm. The findings underpin the concentration polarization-outflow buffering theory and indicate that reduced HA chain length in arthritis exacerbates lubricant loss from a joint.
50. Potential carcinogens. Part I. Δ<sup>6</sup>-Steroids (1953)

D. L. Garmaise and C. W. Shoppee, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 245 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530000245
High Performance Concrete Mixtures for Spun-Cast Concrete Poles (1997)

Part 1 N o single event was more instru mental in launching the pre stressed and precast concrete in dustry in North America than the construction of the Walnut Lane Bridge in Philadelphia in 1950 (see articles in Sept.-Oct.1976 PCI JOURNAL 1 ).*More than anything else, how ever, it was the charisma, dy namism, and engineering talent displayed by the man who designed the Walnut Lane Bridge, namely Professor Gustave Magnel of Bel gium, that gave the impetus neces Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap (Galatians 6:7) sary for the acceptance and de velopment of prestressed concrete in the United States.On the other hand, very few know how this came about, how the Belgian-American Educational Foundation, an American-sponsored organization founded in 1920 as an aftermath of World War I, was to be instrumental in bringing Professor Magnel to the United States in 1946.Nor is it known how many appar ently unconnected events and coin cidences which took place during that period, led to the construction of the Walnut Lane Bridge.This is an extraordinary and fas cinating story which I believe should be recorded for posterity.'I gLL 0" a -,',i '-C--/.i2'-2i7Io 3,, ,,r,/.,I tLJ7, -4<))-,c L ,c, CSai 4' //o & fig.9. Portion of an original calculation sheet in Magnel's own handwriting.Prestressed Concrete in America L Colt, a consulting engineer in New York, had developed.as consultant to John A. Roebling & Sons company, a pre' stressed concrete box girder of variable depth for a Walnut Lane Bridge using cables made up of galvanized strands provided with sockets and swage terminal for anchorages, and bridge saddles over transverse ctlaptrragms, similar to the cables used in suspension bridges.
Blood−Brain Barrier Penetration by Two Dermorphin Tetrapeptide Analogues: Role of Lipophilicity vs Structural Flexibility (2008)

Two dermorphin analogues having an almost identical structure but different structural flexibility were compared for opioid activity. In 1 the aromatic side chains were incorporated into a lactam structure, while in 2 N-amide alkylation was retained but the side chains were flexible. Both compounds produced comparable antinociceptive effects in the mouse tail flick test after peripheral administration. This indicates that lipophilicity, rather than side chain flexibility, is the key determinant for blood-CNS barrier penetration.
Lack of Efficacy of Thermography as a Screening Tool for Minimal and Stage I Breast Cancer (1976)

In a study of thermograms of 42 patients with Stage 1 or smaller carcinomas of the breast, 44 confounding cases and 64 randomly selected subjects being screened, we found that the ability of expert thermographers to identify the patients with carcinoma correctly (true positive = 0.238) varied little from the ability of untrained readers (true positive = 0.301). Furthermore, in the expert group, the indexes of suspicion were so high (0.436) and the true-positive levels were so relatively low (0.238, P = 0.0005) that thermography may well have a very limited role as a screening or pre-screening modality for the detection of minimal or Stage 1 breast cancers.
T cell activation by anti‐idiotypic antibody: mechanism of interaction with antigen‐reactive T cells (1987)

It has been shown that the activation of T cells by an anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-Id) TB71 containing an internal image of the corresponding mycobacterial antigen (38 kDa) was achieved by the interaction of anti-Id TB71 with the T cell receptor complex (CD3/Ti). The accessory cell requirement in this response could not be replaced by anti-Id TB71 coupled to Sepharose beads and was not inhibited by Fc receptor blockade. When taken together with the finding that anti-Id TB71-induced proliferation of a T cell clone was restricted by determinants encoded by the major histocompatibility complex, these findings suggested that anti-Id TB71 was presented to 38-kDa antigen-reactive T cells by the same mechanisms as conventional antigenic determinants. That is, both stimulated T cells through the CD3/Ti complex and had to be presented in the context of class II molecules on accessory cells. The finding that the disruption of the integrity of the anti-Id TB71 combining site did not affect T cell responsiveness although antibody binding was ablated implied that anti-Id TB71 may be partially degraded and re-expressed with MHC class II determinants.
Extraction of scenes containing a specific person from image sequences of a real-world scene (2003)

A method of extracting the head area from image sequences of a real-world scene for the purpose of facial discrimination processing is proposed. The method is based on tracking of the head area by characteristic point matching and edge matching. Experiments show that the method can extract the head area from scenes of a person walking freely against a general background in variable lighting, a person coming into contact with other moving objects, and when the shape of the head changes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bone morphogenic protein-7 inhibits progression of chronic renal fibrosis associated with two genetic mouse models (2003)

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a hallmark feature of chronic renal injury. Specific therapies to control the progression of renal fibrosis toward end-stage renal failure are limited. Previous studies have demonstrated that expression of endogenous bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7) is reduced in the kidneys of several inducible mouse models of acute and chronic renal disease and that administration of exogenous recombinant human BMP-7 (rhBMP-7) has a beneficial effect on kidney function. Here we report that treatment with rhBMP-7 leads to improved renal function, histology, and survival in mice deficient in the α 3 -chain of type IV collagen and MRL/MpJ lpr/lpr lupus mice, two genetic models for chronic renal injury and fibrosis. Such therapeutic benefit is also associated with a significant decrease in the expression of profibrotic molecules, such as type I collagen and fibronectin, in renal fibroblasts. Additionally, rhBMP-7 induces expression of active matrix metalloproteinase-2, which is potentially important for removal of fibrotic matrix. Collectively, these studies provide further evidence for rhBMP-7 as an important bone-associated protein with protective function against renal pathology.
Comparative molecular field analysis of polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls (1992)

Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was performed on polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls for Ah (dioxin) receptor binding and associated enzyme inducing activities determined by others using in vitro assays. Since various members of all three classes of compounds have been shown to produce qualitatively similar toxicities, a separate CoMFA was performed on each class of compounds and combinations of the different classes for each bioactivity which included combining all three classes of molecules in one CoMFA study. For the Ah receptor binding, the CoMFA-derived QSARs for all three classes of compounds and combinations thereof showed strong crossvalidated correlations indicating that they are highly predictive. For enzyme induction, the CoMFA-derived QSARs were highly predictive for the dibenzofurans but were only partially successful for the dioxins. For the biphenyls, the results were clearly unpredictive. The overall results of these CoMFA studies which include both steric and electrostatic considerations are compared and contrasted to other SAR models that have met with some success in making qualitative predictions about the potential for receptor binding and associated toxicity in these classes of compounds. The CoMFA-derived QSAR for the dioxin series of molecules in most cases significantly overestimates the enzyme inducing ability of the ortho-substituted biphenyls. This weak inducing activity of the o-biphenyls is, however, consistent with their relatively low dioxin-like toxicity as measured in other biological systems. Fundamentally different mechanisms may be operating in the expression of dioxin-like toxic responses for the o-biphenyls, and their direct, dioxin-like toxic equivalency perhaps needs to be reconsidered in this light.
Herbicide Cross-Resistance in Triazine-Resistant Biotypes of Four Species (1986)

The cross-resistance of triazine-resistant biotypes of smooth pigweed ( Amaranthus hybridus L. # AMACH), common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L. # CHEAL), common groundsel ( Senecio vulgaris L. # SENVU), and the crop canola ( Brassica napus L. var. Atratower) to a selection of herbicides was evaluated at both the whole plant and chloroplast level. The triazine-resistant biotypes of all four species showed a similar pattern of cross-resistance, suggesting that a similar mutation had occurred in each species. The four triazine-resistant biotypes were resistant to injury from atrazine [6-chloro- N -ethyl- N′ -(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], bromacil [5-bromo-6-methyl-3-(1-methylpropyl)-2,4-(1 H ,3 H )pyrimidinedione], and pyrazon [5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2 H )-pyridazinone] and were slightly resistant to buthidazole {3-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-imidazolidinone}. The triazine-resistant biotypes were more sensitive to dinoseb [2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitrophenol]. Triazine-resistant smooth pigweed showed resistance to cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile} and metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4 H )-one] with slight resistance to linuron [ N′ -(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- N -methoxy- N -methylurea] and desmedipham {ethyl [3-[[(phenylamino)carbony] oxy] phenyl] carbamate}. There was little or no resistance to diuron [ N ′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- N,N -dimethylurea], bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1 H )-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3 H )-one 2,2-dioxide], or dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid). Parallel studies at the chloroplast level indicated that the degree of resistance to inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport was highly correlated with the degree of resistance to herbicidal injury. This correlation indicates that atrazine, cyanazine, metribuzin, pyrazon, bromacil, linuron, desmedipham, and buthidazole cause plant injury by inhibition of photosynthesis. This correlation also indicates that triazine resistance and cross-resistance at the whole plant level is due to decreased sensitivity at the level of photosynthetic electron transport. Cross-resistance to numerous additional herbicides was evaluated on isolated chloroplast thylakoid membranes and these results are discussed. 14 C-atrazine was displaced from thylakoid membranes by several herbicides, indicating that these herbicides compete for a common binding site.
Suppression of pain and joint destruction by inhibition of the proteasome system in experimental osteoarthritis (2011)

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease with pain and loss of joint function as major pathological features. Recent studies show that proteasome inhibitors reduce pain in various pathological conditions. We evaluated the effects of MG132, a reversible proteasome inhibitor on pain and joint destruction in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis was induced by intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate into the rat knee. Knee joint stiffness was scored and nociception was evaluated by mechanical pressure applied to the respective hind paw. Knee joint destruction was assessed by radiological and histological analyses. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in the knee articular cartilage. Expression of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was studied in the dorsal root ganglia (L4-L6) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and in the knee joints by immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that daily treatment of osteoarthritic rats with MG132 significantly increases their mobility while the swelling, pain thresholds, and pathological features of the affected joints were reduced. Furthermore, the upregulated expression of MMP-3, SP, and CGRP in the arthritic rats was normalized by MG132 administration. We conclude that the proteasome inhibitor MG132 reduces pain and joint destruction, probably by involving the peripheral nervous system, and that changes in SP and CGRP expression correlate with alterations in behavioural responses. Our findings suggest that nontoxic proteasome inhibitors may represent a novel pharmacotherapy for osteoarthritis.
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 reguliert Aktivierung und Apoptose von g/d T-Zellen distinkt von a/b T-Zellen (2006)

Einleitung: Im Gegensatz zu a/b T-Zellen können g/d T-Zellen Antigene und bakterielle pathogen-assoziierte molekulare Muster (PAMPs) auch ohne MHC Präsentation erkennen. PAMPs werden von entsprechenden Rezeptoren des angeborenen Immunsystems wie z.B. Toll-like-Rezeptoren (TLR) erkannt. Wir konnten kürzlich zeigen, dass der probiotische E.coli Nissle Stamm 1917 (EcN) die Funktion von T-Lymphozyten über einen TLR-2 abhängigen Weg moduliert, welches uns zur Hypothese verleitete, dass EcN die Funktion von g/d T-Zellen distinkt von a/b T-Zellen modulieren könnte.
Is the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist a useful tool for monitoring progress in children with autism spectrum disorders? (2011)

This study provides some preliminary evidence of the ATEC's potential value for monitoring progress of children with ASD over time. Its advantages and limitations are discussed in the context of the need systematically to monitor the progress of children with ASD over time or in response to intervention.
Natural Killing of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Target Cells: Normal Human Responses and Influence of Antiviral Antibody (1979)

Studies of a mouse model of genetic resistance to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) indicate that the marrow-dependent effector cell of allogeneic resistance plays an important role in natural resistance to this virus infection. Since the marrow-dependent effector cell appears to be closely related to the natural killer (NK) cells, an NK assay with HSV-1-infected fibroblasts [NK(HSV-1)] has been developed to study this resistance mechanism in humans. Incubation of effector and target cells for 12 to 14 h gave the greatest percent specific release (%SR) and kept spontaneous (51)Cr release from infected target cells below 35%. Patients with Bruton's agammaglobulinemia demonstrated significant kill indicating antiviral antibody was not necessary. Seropositive individuals gave a 9% greater%SR than seronegative individuals. Depletion of B-cells consistently diminished NK (HSV-1) for seropositive individuals and augmented kill for seronegative individuals. Although antiviral antibody produced in culture may contribute to NK (HSV-1), depletion of B-cells allowed quantitation of NK (HSV-1) to the exclusion of most of the antibody-dependent kill. The NK cells detected by this assay showed many of the properties reported for NK cells with K562 targets. Two patients with severe herpesvirus infections demonstrated NK (HSV-1) responses greater than 2 standard deviations below the normal mean. Since normal individuals with virus infections have higher rather than lower natural kill, the low NK (HSV-1) may reflect their susceptibility to the virus infection.
USE OF SODIUM PROPIONATE IN EXTERNAL INFECTIONS OF THE EYES (1950)

The lower fatty acids have recently been shown to be of great value in the treatment of external infections of the eyes. Sodium propionate (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COONa), the sodium salt of one of these acids, has now been used in about 1,200 patients with infections of the lids, conjunctiva and cornea, and the results obtained compare most favorably with those noted with other antibiotics. Experimental studies have also been made. The drug is virtually nontoxic; it is effective against all the bacteria causing common ocular infections and against fungi, whose importance in blepharitis is now being appreciated, and its use does not result in allergies or sensitivities. These and other advantages will be detailed later. <h3>HISTORY OF FATTY ACID THERAPY</h3> For the complete history of the development of the medical use of the lower fatty acids the reader is referred to the papers of Peck and Russ<sup>1</sup>
Multiple hypothesis clustering in radar plot extraction (1995)

False plots and plots with inaccurate range and Doppler estimates may severely degrade the performance of tracking algorithms in radar systems. This paper describes how a multiple hypothesis clustering technique can be applied to mitigate the problems involved in plot extraction. The measures of confidence for each hypothesis are based on fuzzy sets and possibility distributions of plot attributes such as the radial velocity and the radar cross section. Some results of radar experiments are shown.
Using Semantic Web to Enhance User Understandability for Online Shopping License Agreement (2013)

Normally, a common user sign license agreement without understanding the agreement. License agreements are a form of information, which describes product’s usage and its terms and conditions. Habitually, users agree with it but without understanding. In the today’s information age, there is no integration of license agreements with any current technology. The contents of license agreements are out of scope for search engines. Management of license agreements using Semantic Web is a multi-disciplinary challenge, involving categorization of common features and structuring the required information in such semantics that is easily extendable and fulfilling the requirements of common user. In this paper construction of Semantic Web model for Online Shopping license agreement is discussed. The user requirements facilitate the construction of License Ontological model. Moreover, rules are used to capture the complex statements of “terms and conditions”. Finally, an explicit semantic model for agreements is constructed that facilitates users’ queries.