gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
General-purpose operating systems, such as Linux, (2007)

Modern memory systems play a critical role in the performance of applications, but a detailed understanding of the application behavior in the memory system is not trivial to attain. It requires time consuming simulations and detailed modeling of the memory hierarchy, often using long address traces. It is increasingly possible to access hardware performance counters to count relevant events in the memory system, but the measurements are coarse-grained and better suited for performance summaries than providing instruction level feedback. The availability of a low cost, online, and accurate methodology for deriving finegrained memory behavior profiles can prove extremely useful for runtime analysis and optimization of programs. This paper presents a new methodology for Ubiquitous Memory Introspection (UMI). It is an online and lightweight methodology that uses fast mini-simulations to analyze short memory access traces recorded from frequently executed code regions. The simulations provide profiling results at varying granularities, down to that of a single instruction or address. UMI naturally complements runtime optimizations and enables new opportunities for online memory specific optimizations. We present a prototype runtime system implementing UMI. The prototype has an average runtime overhead of 14%. This overhead is only 1% more than a state of the art binary instrumentation tool. We used 32 benchmarks, including the full suite of SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks, for evaluation. We show that the mini-simulations accurately reflect the cache performance of two existing memory systems, an Intel Pentium 4 and an AMD Athlon MP (K7). We also demonstrate that UMI predicts delinquent load instructions with an 88% rate of accuracy for applications with a relatively high number of cache misses, and 61% overall. The online profiling results are used at runtime to implement a simple software prefetching strategy that achieves an overall speedup of 64% in the best case.
Swallowing of bolus types by postsurgical head and neck cancer patients (1994)

Patients who are able to swallow reasonably well postoperatively maintain normal coordination and timing of swallowing activity and do not vary these parameters to compensate for structural inadequacy. Instead, repeated swallows are used.
AN IMPROVED TRAP TO DETECT BEETLES (COLEOPTERA) IN STORED GRAIN (1973)

Abstract A trap to detect beetles in stored grain is described and compared with earlier versions and other sampling devices. Being escape-proof the trap can be left in grain for long periods thus increasing its reliability. It is strongly constructed of rust-proof materials to withstand field use. It is economical, light, compact, and simple to use in the field or laboratory. Preliminary trials show that it is highly effective as an insect detector and trap.
The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient as a Measure of Reliability (1966)

A procedure for estimating the reliability of sets of ratings in terms of the intraclass correlation coefficient is discussed. The procedure is based upon the analysis of variance and the estimation of variance components. For the one-way classification the intraclass correlation coefficient defined as the ratio of variances can be interpreted as a correlation coefficient. Caution, however, is urged in the application of the definition to a two-way model, i.e., one in which between-rater variance is removed. It is maintained that the frequent use of the standard definition of the one-way intraclass correlation coefficient applied to the two-way classification is not a proper procedure if in fact the coefficient is to be interpreted as a correlation coefficient. Definitions for reliability obtained from the two-way models are given which can legitimately be considered correlation coefficients.
LEACHING OF GOLD FROM A POLYMETALLIC SULPHIDE ORE (2006)

A heap consisting of 5 tons of a rich-in-pyrite copper sulphide ore containing also gold and silver finely disseminated in pyrite and arsenopyrite was leached by means of a mixed culture of acidophilic chemolithotrophic bacteria to solubilize copper and to liberate the precious metals from the sulphide matrix. 70.1% of the copper was leached from the ore within 8 months. The degree of sulphide oxidation at the end of this period reached about 59%. The copper was precipitated from the pregnant heap effluents by cementation with metallic iron. The pretreated ore was washed by water and then was leached by means of alkaline solutions containing amino acids of microbial origin and thiosulphate to solubilize gold and silver. 79.4% of the gold and 59.4% of the silver were leached in this way within 30 days. The pregnant heap effluents were treated by cementation with metallic zinc to precipitate the precious metals as mixed gold-silver concentrates. The waste waters from the different technological stages were treated by means of a constructed wetland located near the heap. ИЗВЛИЧАНЕ НА ЗЛАТО ОТ ПОЛИМЕТАЛНА СУЛФИДНА РУДА Ирена Спасова 1 , Марина Николова 1 , Франческо Вильо 2 , Стоян Грудев 1 Минно геоложки университет Св. Иван Рилски, София 1700 2 Катедра Химия, инженерна химия и материали, Университет на Аквила, Аквила, Италия РЕЗЮМЕ. Халда, състояща се от 5 тона богата на пирит медна руда, съдържаща също злато и сребро фино впръснати в пирит и арсенопирит, бе излужена посредством смесена култура на ацидофилни хемолитотрофни бактерии, за да се разтвори медта и да се освободят благородните метали от сулфидната матрица. 70,1% от медта бе излужена от рудата за осем месеца. Степента на окисление на сулфидите в края на този период достигна около 59%. Тази предварително окислена руда бе промита с вода, след което бе излужена посредством алкални разтвори, съдържащи аминокиселини от микробен произход и тиосулфат, за да разтворят златото и среброто. 79.4% от златото и 59.4% от среброто бяха излужени по този начин за 30 дни. Набогатените на тези метали разтвори, изтичащи от халдата, бяха обработени чрез циментация с метален цинк (Zn o ), за да се утаят благородните метали като смесени златно-сребърни концентрати. Отпадните води от различните технологични етапи бяха третирани посредством конструирано мочурище, разлоложено в близост до халдата.
A Highly Sensitive Quantitative Cytosensor Technique for the Identification of Receptor Ligands in Tissue Extracts (2000)

Because G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute excellent putative therapeutic targets, functional characterization of orphan GPCRs through identification of their endogenous ligands has great potential for drug discovery. We propose here a novel single cell-based assay for identification of these ligands. This assay involves (a) fluorescent tagging of the GPCR, (b) expression of the tagged receptor in a heterologous expression system, (c) incubation of the transfected cells with fractions purified from tissue extracts, and (d) imaging of ligand-induced receptor internalization by confocal microscopy coupled to digital image quantification. We tested this approach in CHO cells stably expressing the NT1 neurotensin receptor fused to EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein), in which neurotensin promoted internalization of the NT1-EGFP receptor in a dose-dependent fashion (EC(50) = 0.98 nM). Similarly, four of 120 consecutive reversed-phase HPLC fractions of frog brain extracts promoted internalization of the NT1-EGFP receptor. The same four fractions selectively contained neurotensin, an endogenous ligand of the NT1 receptor, as detected by radioimmunoassay and inositol phosphate production. The present internalization assay provides a highly specific quantitative cytosensor technique with sensitivity in the nanomolar range that should prove useful for the identification of putative natural and synthetic ligands for GPCRs.
AgentPhysics : software design for pluggable real time physics middleware (2005)

This master's thesis proposes a software design for a real time physics application programming interface with support for pluggable physics middleware. Pluggable means that the actual implementation of the simulation is independent and interchangeable, separated from the user interface of the API. This is done by dividing the API in three layers: wrapper, peer, and implementation. An evaluation of Open Dynamics Engine as a viable middleware for simulating rigid body physics is also given based on a number of test applications. The method used in this thesis consists of an iterative software design based on a literature study of rigid body physics, simulation and software design, as well as reviewing related work. The conclusion is that although the goals set for the design were fulfilled, it is unlikely that AgentPhysics will be used other than as a higher level API on top of ODE, and only ODE. This is due to a number of reasons such as middleware specic tools and code containers are difficult to support, clashing programming paradigms produces an error prone implementation layer and middleware developers are reluctant to port their engines to Java. The evaluation of ODE shows that ODE has decent features, performance and stability, and that ODE is good enough for small scale game development.
LIVE-Integrating visual and textual programming paradigms (2003)

The authors demonstrate that visual programming languages and textual programming languages are not rivals but complement each other. A three-dimensional animation-oriented programming language called LIVE is presented. LIVE is an attempt to integrate the visual and textual programming paradigms. Visual objects are interactively manipulated by both a visual representation (pick-by-name interface) and a textual representation (pick-by-position interface). The system informs a user in a text form how his or her visual operation is interpreted. A selected interpretation unsuitable to the users can be interactively resolved using a pick-by-name interface. LIVE introduces a programming-by-multiple-examples paradigm based on a visual guard concept, which is analogous to the concept of logic programming languages. This paradigm enables one to make a visual program in a way which is simple and easy to understand.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Paleoflood investigations to improve peak-streamflow regional-regression equations for natural streamflow in eastern Colorado, 2015 (2016)

execute it. Julie Kiang of the USGS offered invaluable technical assistance during the undertaking of the
Synthesis of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals by Nonhydrolytic Solution-Based Reactions (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis of TiO2 Nanocrystals by Nonhydrolytic Solution-Based ReactionsTimothy J. Trentler, Tiffany E. Denler, Jane F. Bertone, Aarti Agrawal, and Vicki L. ColvinView Author Information Department of Chemistry Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 7, 1613–1614Publication Date (Web):February 9, 1999Publication History Received21 September 1998Published online9 February 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja983361bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja983361brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4891Altmetric-Citations352LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Halogens,Inorganic compounds,Nanoparticles,Oxides Get e-Alerts
Mutation Status of the Residual <i>ATM</i> Allele Is an Important Determinant of the Cellular Response to Chemotherapy and Survival in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Containing an 11q Deletion (2007)

CLL with 11q deletion can be divided into two subgroups based on the integrity of the residual ATM allele. Patients with complete loss of ATM function, due to biallelic ATM defects, have defective responses to cytotoxic chemotherapeutics in vitro and a poorer clinical outcome. ATM mutant subclones can develop during an individual's disease course and give rise to additional expansion of the 11q deleted subclone.
Characteristics of new types of quasi‐optical diplexers (1986)

Abstract The quasi‐optical diplexer presently is considered to be as interesting as a special‐purpose filter, which divides or mixes the electromagnetic waves above microwave frequency in free space. This paper reports on the new types of diplexers: the gridded square, gridded square frame and gridded double square frame types. The feature of these new types is that various frequency characteristics from broad to sharp, can be realized by adjusting independent parameters, and the symmetry or linearity around the resonant frequency can also be realized. This has been difficult in past diplexers. By a systematic experiment, the frequency characteristics of the new types of diplexers are examined. Empirical formulas are derived for the resonant and anti‐resonant frequencies, as well as fractional bandwidth as functions of dimensional parameters. Based on these expressions of the characteristics, the design protocols are presented to meet various requirements. Although there still exists an error in the sense of reproducibility, which is less than 15 percent, the design for the proposed diplexers is established. Thus, the diplexers proposed in this paper have desirable characteristics, which have not been observed in the past. With the detailed design formulas for a wide range of frequencies from roughly 1 to 100 GHz, the diplexers can cope with various requirements, and a diversity of applications can be expected.
Arahal en los inicios de la Edad Moderna: contribución al poblamiento de Villamartín y segregación de Morón (2011)

El lugar de Arahal comienza el siglo XVI con una gran vitalidad demográfica, como pone de manifiesto su amplia participación en la fundación de Villamartín, en 1503, aportando más de la tercera parte de los primeros pobladores de dicha villa gaditana. Algunos de ellos tuvieron dificultades para salir de los señoríos donde vivían, por la acción de los señores, a quienes tuvieron que demandar apelando a la Pragmática Sanción dictada por los Reyes Católicos. Posteriormente, en 1554, consiguió Arahal constituirse en villa independiente de Morón, gracias a la concesión del Privilegio de Villazgo por Carlos V, correspondiendo a dicha merced con la suma de 22.000 ducados. Esta segregación fue apoyada por el IV conde de Ureña, señor de ambas poblaciones, que tenía interés en entorpecer las reclamaciones de sus vasallos y en estimular el desarrollo de Arahal, ya que disfrutaba en este lugar del cobro del diezmo.
Plasma Androgen Receptor Copy Number Status at Emergence of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Pooled Multicohort Analysis (2019)

Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer can be dichotomized by a plasma <i>AR</i> CN cut point of 1.92. Plasma <i>AR</i> CN value of 1.92 or greater identifies aggressive disease that is poorly responsive to AR targeting and is associated with a prior short response to primary androgen-deprivation therapy.
On the nature of the polarization opposition effect exhibited by Saturn's rings (1993)

The nature of the unusually narrow photometric and polarization opposition effects exhibited by Saturn's A and B rings is examined using a theory and results of laboratory measurements. It is pointed out that the small angular width of both phenomena makes it difficult to explain them on the basis of the commonly used shadowing models. On the other hand, it is known from laboratory experiments and theoretical studies, that a strong and very narrow opposition peak in the reflected intensity can be produced by coherent backscattering of light from powderlike layers of small regolithic grains. Using Ozrin's (1992) rigorous vector theory of coherent backscattering, it is shown that, for subwavelength-sized regolithic particles, the photometric opposition effect is accompanied by a polarization opposition effect of the same angular width. This suggests that the polarization opposition effect of the Saturn's ring has the same origin as the photometric opposition effect and is due to coherent backscattering of light from the regolithic layer composed of the submicrometer-sized ice grains.
β-Propiolactone. XI. Reactions with Ammonia and Amines (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTβ-Propiolactone. XI. Reactions with Ammonia and AminesT. L. Gresham, J. E. Jansen, F. W. Shaver, R. A. Bankert, and F. T. FiedorekCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 7, 3168–3171Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01151a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01151a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1376Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Some enantioselective borane reductions of prochiral ketones catalysed by polymer-supported oxazaborolidines bound via the boron atom (1995)

Polystyrenes containing arylboronic acid residues were prepared and treated with (1R,2S)-(–)-norephedrine to give polymer-supported (PS) chiral oxazaborolidines. The latter were investigated as catalysts for the reductions of acetophenone and/or propiophenone by the borane–dimethyl sulfide complex. A variety of reaction conditions was used. The results were compared with those obtained using the non-polymeric analogue of the catalysts prepared by reaction of (1R,2S)-(–)-norephedrine with phenylboronic acid. When used under the best reaction conditions of those investigated (30 mol% of catalyst in tetrahydrofuran at 20 °C) the percentage ees obtained with the better PS catalyst were almost the same as those obtained using the non-polymeric analogue under similar reaction conditions. It was shown that the PS reaction with propiophenone was > 95% complete in 20 min. The PS catalyst could be recycled successfully at least three times.
Differential spatial expression and activation pattern of EGFR and HER2 in human breast cancer (2007)

Overexpression of HER family members is a well established prognostic factor and identifies potential targets for antibody-based receptor blocking strategies. While several studies have analyzed the expression of HER2 and other HER-family members in malignant tumors, considerably less is known about their expression and activation in non-involved breast tissue from breast cancer patients. We have therefore investigated the differential expression of EGFR, HER2, and their tyrosine-kinase activated forms (ptyr-1248 Her-2 and ptyr-845 EGFR) in 63 tumor specimen containing: a) malignant epithelium, b) in non-malignant tissue located at the peritumoral margin, and c) in uninvolved breast tissue obtained from tissue distant from the tumor. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we found significantly higher HER2 protein expression levels in malignant epithelium than in marginal and peripheral non-malignant epithelium (p=1.3 x 10(-10) Fisher's exact test). Epithelial EGFR expression did not differ between the three tissue types, but stromal EGFR protein was significantly more common in marginal and peripheral tissues when compared to tumor tissues (p=0.008, Fisher's exact test). When analyzing activated receptor forms, we found epithelial ptyr-1248 HER2 expression in one tumoral, one marginal and one peripheral sample. We did not observe ptyr-845 EGFR in any of the samples analyzed. We found a significant overall correlation between epithelial and stromal EGFR expression (r=0.442; p<0.0001; Spearman's Rho), and between stromal EGFR expression and normal tissue type (r=0.170; p<0.02; Spearman's Rho). Epithelial HER2 expression and normal tissue type (r=0.492; p<0.0001; Spearman's Rho) were inversely correlated. Taken together, we have observed a differential expression pattern of EGFR, HER2, and activated HER2 that is dependent on the spatial relation to a malignant tumor. Our findings of decreased intratumoral EGFR expression and the absence of activated EGFR suggests that, in contrast to HER2, EGFR inhibition might not be an ideal target for antibody therapy.
Low memory bandwidth prediction method for H.264/AVC scalable video extension (2009)

Abstract—Memory bandwidth issue becomes more and more critical in designing video coding system especially in scalable video coding due to its extra inter-layer prediction. This paper proposes a low memory bandwidth prediction method for inter and inter-layer residual prediction. The proposed method combines two predictions into one prediction process and reuses its data for lowering memory bandwidth requirements. The simulation results show that 67 % of memory bandwidth in enhancement layer can be reduced with negligible rate distortion loss. Index Terms — scalable video coding (SVC), inter-layer prediction, motion estimation