gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of prostate-specific antigen in staging patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the need for obtaining radionuclide bone scans in the staging evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer. This determination was made on the basis of presenting prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective review. <h3>Participants.</h3> —The medical records of 2064 consecutive patients with prostate cancer who were evaluated at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, from January 1989 through December 1990 were reviewed. Eight hundred fifty-two patients with newly diagnosed, untreated disease and a serum PSA concentration less than 20.0 μg/L at presentation comprised the study population. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —The rate of false-negative results associated with using the serum PSA concentration to predict bone scan findings. <h3>Results.</h3> —Five hundred sixty-one patients had a serum PSA concentration of 10.0 μg/L or less; only three had an abnormal bone scan result, and one had an indeterminate scan result. Of the 467 men whose PSA value was 8.0 μg/L or less (two times the upper limit of the reference range), none had bone scan results that were either abnormal or indeterminate. The rate of false-negative results for an abnormal bone scan result was 0% with a serum PSA value of 8.0 μg/L or less and 0.5% with a cutoff level of 10.0 μg/L. The 95% upper confidence limit for the rate of false-negative results for all PSA cutoff levels less than 20.0 μg/L was less than 2%. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —For patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer, a serum PSA concentration of 10.0 μg/L or less, and no skeletal symptoms, a staging radionuclide bone scan does not appear to be necessary. This clinical situation applies to 39% of all patients presenting with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Since more than 130 000 new cases are diagnosed each year, approximately 50 000 patients are affected annually. If the $600 staging bone scan were eliminated for these patients, a significant economic savings to the health care system in this country would be effected. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:57-60)
2,4-Diaryl Benzofuro[3,2-b]pyridine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Topoisomerase Inhibitory Activity and Cytotoxicity (2013)

Designed and synthesized twenty-four 2,4-diaryl benzofuro[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives were evaluated for topoisomerase I and II inhibitory activities as well as cytotoxicities against several human cancer cell lines. Various aryl groups such as phenyl, 2- or 3- furyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, and 2-pyridyl were substituted at 2- or 4- position of central pyridine. Compounds 8, 12, 13, and 14, with 2-furyl either at 2- or 4- position of central pyridine showed the significant topoisomerase II inhibitory activity at 100 <TEX>${\mu}M$</TEX>.
Administration of a High-Dose Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agent in Hemodialysis Patients is Associated with Late Arteriovenous Fistula Failure (2017)

Patients with late AVF patency loss exhibit an association with a higher dose of ESA, although causality is unproven. Further study to elucidate potential mechanisms is warranted.
High frequency magnetic properties of CoFe/SiO/sub 2/ multilayer film with the inverse magnetostrictive effect (1994)

The high frequency magnetic properties of CoFe/SiO/sub 2/ multilayer film, which has magnetic anisotropy induced by the inverse magnetostrictive effect, are examined with a view to applying it as a low loss soft magnetic material in the MHz-GHz range. The inverse magnetostrictive effect was used to produce a large uniaxial anisotropy field of 200-250 Oe. A CoFe magnetic layer, with a large saturation magnetization of 24.5 kG and a magnetostriction of +10/sup /spl minus/4/, was selected, and patterned in strips to produce an anisotropic film stress of /spl minus/10/sup 9/ dyn/cm/sup 2/. A relative permeability of 40 and a cut-off frequency of about 7 GHz were achieved in CoFe/SiO/sub 2/ (50/100 nm) film, and these values agree well with values obtained by calculation and from static magnetic properties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly efficient and bending durable perovskite solar cells: toward a wearable power source (2014)

We report annealing-free compact TiO<sub>x</sub> layer by atomic layer deposition for high efficiency flexible perovskite solar cells, and maintained 95% of the initial PCE after 1000 bending cycles with 10 mm bending radius.
CO-breathing supported-[Ru6C] clusters and their catalysts for selective oxygenate synthesis from CO/H{sub 2} (1993)

Carbido ruthenium carbonyl cluster [Ru6C(CO)16(CH3)]{sup {minus}}(d{sub Ru-Ru}=0.290 nm) was supported on MgO and La2O3, and transformed to decarbonylated clusters[Ru6C] by evacuation at 623 K. The framework of the [Ru6C] has the Ru-Ru distance of 0.261 nm (MgO) or 0.262 nm (La2)d) by means of EXAFS. When the clusters were interacted with a mixture of CO and H2 at 523 K, the cluster framework expanded to have the Ru-Ru distance of 0.287 nm (MgO) and 0.2777 nm (La2O3). The expanded clusters were shrunk by CO desorption. This CO-breathing cycle is also monitored with the Ru(-C-) Ru multiple scattering peak (0.410 oxygenates (methanol, dimethyl ether, and formaldehyde) from CO/H2.
Teaching physics and understanding infrared thermal imaging (2017)

Infrared thermal imaging is a very rapidly evolving field. The latest trends are small smartphone IR camera accessories, making infrared imaging a widespread and well-known consumer product. Applications range from medical diagnosis methods via building inspections and industrial predictive maintenance etc. also to visualization in the natural sciences. Infrared cameras do allow qualitative imaging and visualization but also quantitative measurements of the surface temperatures of objects. On the one hand, they are a particularly suitable tool to teach optics and radiation physics and many selected topics in different fields of physics, on the other hand there is an increasing need of engineers and physicists who understand these complex state of the art photonics systems. Therefore students must also learn and understand the physics underlying these systems.
Grafting of maleic anhydride on polyethylene. II. Mechanism of grafting in a homogeneous medium in the presence of radical initiators (1967)

Abstract Grafting of maleic anhydride on polyethylene is found to take place also in a homogeneous medium. The course of reaction in nitrogen and in air and the influence of temperature of initiator and polymer concentrations suggest that grafting is due to the chain transfer reaction to polyethylene.
Improving Home Automation Security; Integrating Device Fingerprinting Into Smart Home (2016)

This paper explains the importance of accessing modern smart homes over the Internet, and highlights various security issues associated with it. This paper explains the evolution of device fingerprinting concept over time, and discusses various pitfalls in existing device fingerprinting approaches. In this paper, we propose a two-stage verification process for smart homes, using device fingerprints and login credentials, which verifies the user device as well as the user accessing the home over the Internet. Unlike any other previous approaches, our Device Fingerprinting algorithm considers a device's geographical location while computing its fingerprint. In our device identification experiment, we were able to successfully identify 97.93% of the devices that visited our Webpage using JavaScript, Flash, and Geolocation.
Incorporation of [ <sup>15</sup> N]Ammonia by the Cellulolytic Ruminal Bacteria <i>Fibrobacter succinogenes</i> BL2, <i>Ruminococcus albus</i> SY3, and <i>Ruminococcus flavefaciens</i> 17 (2001)

The origin of cell nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen during growth of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria in different growth media was investigated by using (15)NH(3). At high concentrations of peptides (Trypticase, 10 g/liter) and amino acids (15.5 g/liter), significant amounts of cell nitrogen of Fibrobacter succinogenes BL2 (51%), Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17 (43%), and Ruminococcus albus SY3 (46%) were derived from non-NH(3)-N. With peptides at 1 g/liter, a mean of 80% of cell nitrogen was from NH(3). More cell nitrogen was formed from NH(3) during growth on cellobiose compared with growth on cellulose in all media. Phenylalanine was essential for F. succinogenes, and its (15)N enrichment declined more than that of other amino acids in all species when amino acids were added to the medium.
Pytheas: enabling data-driven quality of experience optimization using group-based exploration-exploitation (2017)

Content providers are increasingly using data-driven mechanisms to optimize quality of experience (QoE). Many existing approaches formulate this process as a prediction problem of learning optimal decisions (e.g., server, bitrate, relay) based on observed QoE of recent sessions. While prediction-based mechanisms have shown promising QoE improvements, they are necessarily incomplete as they: (1) suffer from many known biases (e.g., incomplete visibility) and (2) cannot respond to sudden changes (e.g., load changes). Drawing a parallel from machine learning, we argue that data-driven QoE optimization should instead be cast as a real-time exploration and exploitation (E2) process rather than as a prediction problem. Adopting E2 in network applications, however, introduces key architectural (e.g., how to update decisions in real time with fresh data) and algorithmic (e.g., capturing complex interactions between session features vs. QoE) challenges. We present Pytheas, a framework which addresses these challenges using a group-based E2 mechanism. The insight is that application sessions sharing the same features (e.g., IP prefix, location) can be grouped so that we can run E2 algorithms at a per-group granularity. This naturally captures the complex interactions and is amenable to realtime control with fresh measurements. Using an end-to-end implementation and a proof-of-concept deployment in CloudLab, we show that Pytheas improves video QoE over a state-of-the-art prediction-based system by up to 31% on average and 78% on 90th percentile of persession QoE.
Heterologous Leaky Production of Transglutaminase in <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> Significantly Enhances the Growth Performance of the Host (2005)

This study describes a novel strategy to improve the growth performance of Lactococcus lactis by heterologous production of food-grade transglutaminase. The mtg gene from Streptoverticillium mobaraense that encodes the transglutaminase mature protein was cloned into a nisin-inducible expression vector and transformed into L. lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000. The leaky expression of the mtg gene from the nisA promoter resulted in ammonia formation and carbon flux redistribution at the pyruvate branch. As a consequence, medium acidification was lessened and energy utilization was improved. This led to significantly higher biomass production under aerobic conditions and particularly under non-pH-controlled conditions (up to a 12-fold increase). The results presented here provide a novel way to enhance the growth yield of L. lactis, which is an important step for the purposes of producing proteins of commercial interest using L. lactis as a host.
Rocket propulsion elements : an introduction to the engineering of rockets (1963)

Classification Definitions and Fundamentals Nozzle Theory and Thermodynamic Relations Heat Transfer Flight Performance Thermo-Chemical Rocket Propellant Performance Analysis Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Fundamentals Liquid Propellants Combustion of Liquid Propellants Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Systems and Components Solid Propellant Rocket Fundamentals Solid Propellants Combustion of Solid Propellants Solid Propellant Components and Motor Design Hybrid Propellant Rockets Thrust Vector Control Selection of Rocket Propulsion Systems Rocket Exhaust Plumes Rocket Testing.
Improving the Pole Relocating Properties of Vector Fitting (2006)

This paper describes a modification of the vector fitting (VF) procedure for rational function approximation of frequency-domain responses. The modification greatly improves the ability of VF to relocate poles to better positions, thereby improving its convergence performance and reducing the importance of the initial pole set specification. This is achieved by replacing the high-frequency asymptotic requirement of the VF scaling function with a more relaxed condition. Calculated results demonstrate a major improvement of performance when fitting responses that are contaminated with noise. The procedure is also shown to be advantageous for wideband modeling of transmission lines, network equivalents, and transformers.
Laser-induced chemical reactions (1973)

The selective action of laser is attractive for nonthermal stimulation of chemical reactions. Of special concern is the use of infrared lasers with wavelengths coinciding with the vibrational frequency of many molecules. The possibility of chemical reactions induced by CO2-laser light is exemplified by the case of BCl3 molecules.
Innovating the Future (2014)

Today's market place has become highly specialized with emphasis on core-competencies. On one hand it has resulted in excellent results in creating brand value, whereas on other hand it has also created gaps in cross discipline integration and loss in revenue for companies due to non-holistic approach in non-core domain functions.
Effects of 40 m repetitive air exposure on humoral immunity in humans (2010)

Objective To explore effects of 40 m repetitive air dives on humoral immunity in healthy volunteers. Methods Sixteen healthy male volunteers experienced 6-time 40 m-35 min simulated air dives for 3 consecutive days. Eight of them took trilogy antioxidants (vitamin C 1 g/d, vitamin E 2.5 g/d, N-acetylcysteine 8 g/d) orally 1 day before and during 3 days of exposure. Complements, immunoglobulins and stress indices in the serum were measured 1 day before and on 1st, 2nd and 3rd days of exposures respectively. Results Significant increases in the values of IgM, IgA, C3 were observed, 1, 2 and 3 days after exposure (P < 0.05), and increases in CA, IgG were noted, 1, 2 days after exposure respectively (P < 0.05). Adrenocorticotrophic hormone increased following 2nd and 3rd days of exposure (P < 0.05). Increases in cortisol, adrenalin, noradrenaline and dopamine showed no statistical significance. Antioxidants did not significantly affect changes induced by diving when compared with the placebo group. Conclusions Increase in the levels of some humoral immunity indices during or after 40 m of simulated repetitive air dives might not be the result of stresses and oxidative stresses.

Key words: 
Air dive;  Repetitive exposure;  Hyperbaric pressure;  Humoral immunity
Adjuvant therapy of high-risk melanoma (1993)

Melanoma Center, Pittsburgh Cancer Institute/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Kukupa, Koro, and Kai: The Use of Maori Vocabulary Items in New Zealand English Children's Picure Books (2007)

This paper examines the incidence and typographical characteristics of Maori borrowings in a small corpus of 13 New Zealand English children's picture books, a genre not previously examined in this respect, published by a Wellington-based publishing house between 1995 and 2005. The purpose of children's books can be seen as threefold: to introduce language, to entertain. and to introduce others' reality (O'Connel 2006). An important aspect of the way in which children's literature introduces children to language is the introduction to new vocabulary (Temple & Snow 2003). The incidence of Maori loan words in such picture books has implications for the passive and productive knowledge of this vocabulary on the part of both the child and the adult reader, thus having implications for the changing face of New Zealand English.
Tyrosine kinases mediation of c-fos expression by cell swelling in cardiac myocytes. (1997)

We investigated the signal transduction mechanism initiated by hypotonic cell swelling in cardiac myocytes using c-fos expression as a nuclear marker. Treatment of myocytes with hypotonic culture media rapidly induced c-fos expression, whereas hypertonic stress had no effect on it. Extensive pharmacological studies indicated that only tyrosine kinase inhibitors suppressed the hypotonic swelling-induced c-fos expression; down-regulation of protein kinase C or a Ca2+ chelator (EGTA) had no effect. Hypotonic stress immediately (within 5s) increased tyrosine kinase activity. Thus tyrosine kinase is one of the earliest signaling molecules activated by hypotonic stress and plays an essential role in hypotonic swelling-induced c-fos expression. Rapid activation of tyrosine kinase may be a common early signaling mechanism in response to mechanical stresses that increase cell membrane tension.
Immunocytochemical Localization of a Progestagen-Associated Endometrial Protein in the Human Decidua* (1981)

The presence of a progestagen-associated endometrial protein in womenwas previously reported by us. In this communication, we demonstrate the presence of progestagenassociated endometrial protein in the glandular and surface epithelium of the human decidua of early pregnancy.
Geometric compensation of (100) single crystal silicon disk resonating gyroscope for mode-matching (2013)

In this paper, we show two methods for modifying the design of a Disk Resonating Gyroscope (DRG) to compensate for the mechanical anisotropy in single crystal silicon. This method is validated through experimental characterization of more than 70 different devices. With the proposed methods, the frequency split of the 250kHz DRG “wineglass” modes in single crystal silicon was reduced from >10kHz to as los as 96Hz without any electrostatic tuning. These results allow development of high-performance miniature DRGs tuned for degenerate-mode operation from high-quality crystalline silicon material.
Importance of Cutaneous Feedback in Maintaining a Secure Grip During Manipulation of Hand-Held Objects (2003)

Previous research has shown that grip and load forces are modulated simultaneously during manipulation of a hand-held object. This close temporal coupling suggested that both forces are controlled by an internal model within the CNS that predicts the changes in tangential force on the fingers. The objective of the present study was to examine how the internal model would compensate for the loss of cutaneous sensation through local anesthesia of the index and thumb. Ten healthy adult subjects (5 men and 5 women aged 20-57 yr) were asked to grasp, lift, and hold stationary, a 250 g object for 20 s. Next, the subjects were asked to perform vertical oscillatory movements over a distance of 20 cm at a rate of 1.0 Hz for 30 s. Eleven trials were performed with intact sensation, and 11 trials after a local ring-block anesthesia of the index and thumb with bupivacain (5 mg/ml). During static holding, loss of cutaneous sensation produced a significant increase in the safety margin. However, the grip force declined significantly over the 20-s static hold period. During oscillatory arm movements, grip and load forces were continuously modulated together in a predictive manner as suggested by Flanagan and Wing. Again, the grip force declined over the 30-s movement, and 7/10 subjects dropped the object at least once. With intact sensation, the object was never dropped; but with the fingers anesthetized, it was dropped on 36% of the trials, and a significant slip occurred on a further 12%. The mean correlation between the grip and load forces for all subjects deteriorated from 0.71 with intact sensation to 0.48 after digital anesthesia. However, a cross-correlation calculated between the grip and load forces indicated that the phase lag was approximately zero both with and without digital anesthesia. Taken together, the data from the present study suggest that cutaneous afferents are required for setting and maintaining the background level of the grip force in addition to their phasic slip-detection function and their role in adapting the grip force/load force ratio to the friction on initial contact with an object. Finally, at a more theoretical level, they correct and maintain an internal model of the physical properties of hand-held objects.
Complete primary structure of rainbow trout type I collagen consisting of α1(I)α2(I)α3(I) heterotrimers (2001)

The subunit compositions of skin and muscle type I collagens from rainbow trout were found to be alpha1(I)alpha2(I)alpha3(I) and [alpha1(I)](2)alpha2(I), respectively. The occurrence of alpha3(I) has been observed only for bonyfish. The skin collagen exhibited more susceptibility to both heat denaturation and MMP-13 digestion than the muscle counterpart; the former had a lower denaturation temperature by about 0.5 degrees C than the latter. The lower stability of skin collagen, however, is not due to the low levels of imino acids because the contents of Pro and Hyp were almost constant in both collagens. On the other hand, some cDNAs coding for the N-terminal and/or a part of triple-helical domains of proalpha(I) chains were cloned from the cDNA library of rainbow trout fibroblasts. These cDNAs together with the previously cloned collagen cDNAs gave information about the complete primary structure of type I procollagen. The main triple-helical domain of each proalpha(I) chain had 338 uninterrupted Gly-X-Y triplets consisting of 1014 amino acids and was unique in its high content of Gly-Gly doublets. In particular, the bonyfish-specific alpha(I) chain, proalpha3(I) was characterized by the small number of Gly-Pro-Pro triplets, 19, and the large number of Gly-Gly doublets, 38, in the triple-helical domain, compared to 23 and 22, respectively, for proalpha1(I). The small number of Gly-Pro-Pro and the large number of Gly-Gly in proalpha3(I) was assumed to partially loosen the triple-helical structure of skin collagen, leading to the lower stability of skin collagen mentioned above. Finally, phylogenetic analyses revealed that proalpha3(I) had diverged from proalpha1(I). This study is the first report of the complete primary structure of fish type I procollagen.
Research Progress of Micro-structure Heat Exchanger (2013)

The research progress of domestic and international micro heat exchanger is introducedmainly from the micro heat exchanger microscopic structure design,material selection and test methods. Aconcept of micro-structure heat exchanger is putforward. It can provide a reference for the domestic study of the micro-structure heat exchanger.