gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stress release of PECVD oxide by RTA (2003)

The effects of various deposition and annealing conditions of Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposited (PECVD) oxide films on residual stress, optical index, BHF etch rate, surface roughness for thick PECVD oxide films are investigated. Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) and annealing in regular furnaces are both considered and compared. AFM measurements were required to measure the oxide surface roughness. Thick PECVD oxide films of 1.5 μm were deposited on 380 μm bulk silicon wafer. Starting from a conventional recipe the power, the [N<sub>2</sub>O/SiH<sub>4</sub>] ratio and the total gas flow were successively varied. An increase of the total gas flow or/and a decrease of power lead to an increase of the BHF etch rate and surface roughness but on the other hand decrease the residual stress. A high ratio N<sub>2</sub>O/SiH<sub>4</sub> yields to oxide with low BHF etch rate but characterized by higher residual stress. RTA reduces the stress and the BHF etch rate drastically and it is more efficient than conventional annealing in standard furnace. Actually, RTA reduces stress in a very short period of time (few seconds) compared to standard annealing, and then it does not contribute to doping diffusion of the already implanted regions of the wafer. From a compressive stress of about 80 MPa, RTA of 15 s leads to a residual stress of only 30 MPa and bring the BHF etch rate to acceptable values in the range of 2000 Α/min for high N<sub>2</sub>O/SiH<sub>4</sub> ratio oxide. One main application of this RTA stress release of oxide is to provide processed wafers with a bow compatible(less than 10 μm) with Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) or wafer bonding.
New monoclonal antibodies directed against human renin. Powerful tools for the investigation of the renin system. (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies directed against human renin were obtained by the fusing of myeloma cells with spleen cells from Balb/c or high-responder Biozzi mice injected with pure tumoral or highly purified renal renin. These procedures resulted in the production of seven stable monoclonal antibodies to human renin. Antibodies in the hybridoma culture medium were screened by binding to pure iodinated renin or insolubilized renin in a solid phase assay. The concentration of purified antibodies that provided a 50% binding to iodinated renin varied from 1 X 10(-10) to 1 X 10(-7) M. Two monoclonal antibodies were found to be potent inhibitors of renin enzymatic activity in vitro, behaving as noncompetitive inhibitors (Ki, 1 to 4 X 10(-10) M). They were specific for primate renin. Three monoclonal antibodies provided suitable immunoadsorbants for renin purification. One of these immunoadsorbants was used for large-scale purification of the renal enzyme, resulting in an 825-fold renin enrichment in a single step. Two antibodies were able to distinguish between active and inactive renin and enabled concomitant separation and purification of the two enzyme forms in various biological fluids. Monoclonal antibodies also stained human and monkey renal renin when indirect immunofluorescence and peroxidase-antiperoxidase techniques were used. A highly sensitive radioimmunometric assay of renin was constructed with two monoclonal antibodies. The sensitivity of this improved assay should permit the detection of renin in normal human plasma. Monoclonal antibodies have been shown to be superior to polyclonal antibodies in the following areas: the separation of active from inactive renin, the purification of renin from biological fluids, and the setting up of a direct assay of plasma renin.
On the perceptually irrelevant phase information in sinusoidal representation of speech (2001)

For efficient quantization of speech representations, it is essential to incorporate perceptual characteristics of human hearing. However, the focus has been confined only to the magnitude information of speech, and little attention has been paid to phase information. This paper presents a novel approach, termed perceptually irrelevant phase elimination (PIPE), to find out irrelevant phase information in acoustic signals in terms of perceived quality. The proposed method, inspired by the observation that the relative phase relationship within a critical band is perceptually important, is derived not only for stationary Fourier signals but also for harmonic signals. For harmonic signals, the "critical phase frequency" is defined below which phase information is perceptually irrelevant. The PIPE algorithm is incorporated into the harmonic analysis/synthesis of speech, and subjective test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Discovery of a novel (R)-selective bacterial hydroxynitrile lyase from Acidobacterium capsulatum (2014)

Hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) are powerful carbon-carbon bond forming enzymes. The reverse of their natural reaction - the stereoselective addition of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to carbonyls - yields chiral cyanohydrins, versatile building blocks for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry. Recently, bacterial HNLs have been discovered, which represent a completely new type: HNLs with a cupin fold. Due to various benefits of cupins (e.g. high yield recombinant expression in Escherichia coli), the class of cupin HNLs provides a new source for interesting, powerful hydroxynitrile lyases in the ongoing search for HNLs with improved activity, enantioselectivity, stability and substrate scope. In this study, database mining revealed a novel cupin HNL from Acidobacterium capsulatum ATCC 51196 (AcHNL), which was able to catalyse the (R)-selective synthesis of mandelonitrile with significantly better conversion (97%) and enantioselectivity (96.7%) than other cupin HNLs.
Macrophage behavior on surface-modified polyurethanes (2004)

Adherent macrophages and foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) are known to release degradative molecules that can be detrimental to the long-term biostability of polyurethanes. The modification of polyurethanes using surface modifying endgroups (SMEs) and/or the incorporation of silicone into the polyurethane soft segments may alter macrophage adhesion, fusion and apoptosis resulting in improved long-term biostability. An in vitro study of macrophage adhesion, fusion and apoptosis was performed on polyurethanes modified with fluorocarbon SMEs, polyethylene oxide (PEO) SMEs, or poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) co-soft segment and SMEs. The fluorocarbon SME and PEO SME modifications were shown to have no effect on macrophage adhesion and activity, while silicone modification had varied effects. Macrophages were capable of adapting to the surface and adhering in a similar manner to the silicone-modified and unmodified polyurethanes. In the absence of IL-4, macrophage fusion was comparable on the modified and unmodified polyurethanes, while macrophage apoptosis was promoted on the silicone modified surfaces. In contrast, when exposed to IL-4, a cytokine known to induce FBGC formation, silicone modification resulted in more macrophage fusion to form foreign body giant cells. In conclusion, fluorocarbon SME and PEO SME modification does not affect macrophage adhesion, fusion and apoptosis, while silicone modification is capable of mediating macrophage fusion and apoptosis. Silicone modification may be utilized to direct the fate of adherent macrophages towards FBGC formation or cell death through apoptosis.
Role of calcium fluxes in the action of glucagon on glucose metabolism in rat hepatocytes (1993)

The aim of the present study was to assess the role of calcium fluxes in the action of glucagon on glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Calcium influx was blocked by two ways: by use of the compound tetramethrin and by reduction of extracellular calcium to 1 microM. The minimal concentration of tetramethrin that inhibited glucagon-mediated calcium entry was 7.5 x 10(-7) M. In the presence of 7.5 x 10(-7) M tetramethrin, glucagon-induced glycogenolysis was markedly attenuated when glucagon concentration was 10(-9) M or higher. In contrast, tetramethrin had no effect on glucogenolysis evoked by lower concentrations of glucagon. Similarly, tetramethrin greatly reduced gluconeogenesis induced by high concentrations of glucagon without affecting the effect of low concentrations of glucagon. The same results were obtained in the presence of 1 microM extracellular calcium. To abolish glucagon-induced elevation of cytoplasmic free calcium concentration, we heavily loaded quin2 into hepatocytes. In these cells, glycogenolysis evoked by low concentrations of glucagon was completely abolished. Glycogenolysis caused by high concentrations of glucagon was markedly inhibited. These results indicate that glucagon action on hepatic glucose metabolism is mediated by two different mechanisms, which depend on concentrations of glucagon.
Further degradation products of cephalosporin C. Isolation and synthesis of 2-(4-amino-4-carboxybutyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (1960)

Research Article| May 01 1960 Further degradation products of cephalosporin C. Isolation and synthesis of 2-(4-amino-4-carboxybutyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid J. D'A. Jeffery; J. D'A. Jeffery 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E P Abraham; E P Abraham 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G. G. F. Newton G. G. F. Newton 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1960) 75 (2): 216–223. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0750216 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. D'A. Jeffery, E P Abraham, G. G. F. Newton; Further degradation products of cephalosporin C. Isolation and synthesis of 2-(4-amino-4-carboxybutyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid. Biochem J 1 May 1960; 75 (2): 216–223. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0750216 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1960 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1960 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups: IX. Differences in damage accrual (2001)

Damage in SLE occurs from the outset in some, but not all, patients; Hispanics accrue damage more rapidly. Disease factors (corticosteroid use, number of ACR criteria met, disease activity, and acute-onset type) are important, but age and abnormal illness-related behaviors also contribute to overall damage in SLE.
Generic features of quinone-binding sites (1999)

Conference Article| August 01 1999 Generic features of quinone-binding sites P. Rich; P. Rich 1 1Department of Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K. 1To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar N. Fisher N. Fisher 1Department of Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Received: May 09 1999 Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1999 Biochemical Society1999 Biochem Soc Trans (1999) 27 (4): 561–565. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0270561 Article history Received: May 09 1999 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation P. Rich, N. Fisher; Generic features of quinone-binding sites. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1999; 27 (4): 561–565. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0270561 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: Q site, quinone-binding site, RC, reaction centre This content is only available as a PDF. © 1999 Biochemical Society1999 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Synthesis of Phosphorus‐Doped Graphene and its Multifunctional Applications for Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Lithium Ion Batteries (2013)

We develop a simple and economical thermal annealing method for the synthesis of phosphorus-doped graphene, which exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction and enhances the electrochemical performance as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. The experimental results suggest the significant role of phosphorus atoms in graphene.
Treating Quasi-Community Property as Community Property for Debt Collection: Due Process and Policy Concerns (1988)

Community property' includes: a) Real Property situated in another state that would be community property if situated in this state.b
Clinical development of RET inhibitors in RET-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: Update (2018)

Precision oncology is now the evidence-based standard of care for the management of many advanced non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Notably, new molecular profiling technologies have permitted dynamic growth in the identification of actionable driver oncogenes including <i>RET</i> rearrangements. <i>RET</i> oncogenes cannot be adequately detected by immunohistochemistry, although fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing are complementary diagnostic tools. In the clinical setting, the benefit of the most developed RET inhibitors, <i>i.e</i>., cabozantinb, vandetanib and lenvatinb, in terms of response and median progressionfree survival has been demonstrated. The absence of striking clinical results of RET inhibitors underscores the clear need for development of more selective and potent RET inhibitors. This paper reviews the clinical data available on RET inhibitors in RET-associated NSCLC.
Syntheses of 2-Substituted-4, 6-diamino-8-triazines (1968)

The reaction of 1-substituted biguanide with phenylenedicarboxylic acid ethyl ester afforded 2-amino-4-(substituted amino)-6-carboxyphenyl-s-triazine (II) along with 2, 2'-phenylenebis [4-amino-6-(substituted amino)-s-triazine] (XIII and XVI). Product II was derived to its guanidinium salt. The related reactions concerned to the above synthetic methods, were also described. Moreover, 2-amino-4-(substituted amino)-6-hydroxyalkyl-s-triazine (IV) was synthesized from the condensation of 1-substituted biguanide with lactone compound.
The Primary Care Electronic Library: RSS feeds using SNOMED-CTindexing for dynamic content delivery (2006)

The results of the pilot illustrate that it is possible to exchange data between servers using RSS syndication. This method could be utilised dynamically to supply digital library resources to a clinical system with SNOMED-CT data used as the standard of reference.
Architectural implementation of high speed optical flow computation based on Lucas-Kanade algorithm (2011)

Optical flow study of visual motion has been the major area of interest among researchers for many years. It has been largely inapplicable to real-time applications, until recently, due to its computationally expensive nature. Optical flow computation in visual-based systems demands for computational power and storage area constraints. For enabling real-time processing at high resolution, the design of application-specific system for optical flow becomes essential. This paper proposes, an efficient VLSI architecture for accurate computation of the high speed Lucas-Kanade (L-K) based optical flow. The proposed architecture is simulated and verified by synthesizing onto a Model Sim 6.4a and Altera Quartus-II, which utilize less than 40% of system resources, operating at a frequency of 500MHz having low power consumption. This paper also describes the proposed design can process 1200×680 images at a high frame rate of 500–700fps in the proposed low cost FPGA-chip.
[Pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of the antimycotic drug ciclopiroxolamine in animals and man after topical and systemic administration]. (1981)

1. Following the dermal application of the carbon-14 labelled broad spectrum antimycotic 6-cyclohexyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone, 2-aminoethanol salt (ciclopiroxolamine, Hoe 296, Batrafen) in the form of a 1% aqueous cream to healthy human dorsal skin (penetration time: 6 h; occlusive dressing for 5 h), percutaneous absorption accounted on average for 1.3% of the dose applied. Excretion occurred via the kidney, with biological half-lives of 1.7 h. As can be seen from penetration studies of cadaverous skin, the horny layer contained the highest concentrations, with values of 2300-4500 microgram/cm3. The levels determined in the corium were still above the minimum inhibitory concentrations. These concentrations were already obtained at the first test stage (1.5 h after application) and did not change virtually at all over the longer penetration period. According to studies using histoautoradiography, ciclopirox can penetrate the skin via the epidermis and the hair follicles. When ciclopirox-14C-olamine aqueous cream was spread on the surface of fingernails, the radioactive-labelled compound penetrated right through the nail. The percutaneous absorption in dogs was higher, at 5-15% of the dose, than it was in humans. 2. After vaginal application (1 mg/kg) of ciclopirox-14C-olamine in the form of a 1% aqueous cream to bitches, between 42 and 97% of the dose (depending on the animal) was recovered in the urine and faeces, the remainder having penetrated into the tampon used to close the vagina. 3. Ciclopirox is excreted by dogs and man in the urine, primarily as a glucuronide. In humans another glucuronide with properties similar to those of the original substance was detected. Two conjugated, relatively non-polar metabolites were also present in small amounts. The metabolite patterns after oral and dermal application were similar. The binding of ciclopirox to serum proteins in humans was 96 +/- 2% in a concentration range of 0.01-11.0 microgram/ml. 4. Placental transfer was low in the rats studied. Though there was good absorption by the mother animal, the radioactivity in the foetal tissues was always lower than that of the maternal blood.
Horse red blood cells frozen with 20% (w/v) glycerol and stored at −150 C for five years (1983)

When equine RBC were frozen with 20% (w/v) glycerol and stored at -150 C for as long as 5 years, there were no adverse effects on freeze-thaw or freeze-thaw-wash recovery or oxygen transport function. The manner in which the glycerol was added to, and removed from, the equine RBC was shown to be an important consideration in ensuring optimal freeze-thaw-wash recovery values.
N2O emissions from combustion in circulating fluidized bed (1992)

The emission of N2O from atmospheric fluidized bed coal combustion is usually in the order of 100-200 ppm, wheras the corresponding emission from flame combustion is low, only a few ppm. Therefore, the formation and destruction of N2O in atmospheric fluidizrd brd combustion needs further attention. This review summarizes the experience gained concerning the emissions of N2O from circulating fluidizrd brd boilers with emphasis on the work done at Chalmers University of Technology. Other is quoted in the references given.
[Study of TiN plating coat on increasing shear bond strength]. (2008)

TiN plating coat can effectively improve the shear bond strength.
Classification algorithms for quantitative tissue characterization of diffuse liver disease from ultrasound images (1996)

Visual criteria for diagnosing diffused liver diseases from ultrasound images can be assisted by computerized tissue classification. Feature extraction algorithms are proposed in this paper to extract the tissue characterization parameters from liver images. The resulting parameter set is further processed to obtain the minimum number of parameters which represent the most discriminating pattern space for classification. This preprocessing step has been applied to over 120 distinct pathology-investigated cases to obtain the learning data for classification. The extracted features are divided into independent training and test sets, and are used to develop and compare both statistical and neural classifiers. The optimal criteria for these classifiers are set to have minimum classification error, ease of implementation and learning, and the flexibility for future modifications. Various algorithms of classification based on statistical and neural network methods are presented and tested. The authors show that very good diagnostic rates can be obtained using unconventional classifiers trained on actual patient data.
High-Density, Defined Media Culture for the Production of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Cell Extracts (2003)

Cell-free protein synthesis systems use a crude cell extract to produce proteins. While these systems have many advantages over in vivo expression systems, the current procedures for preparation of the cell extract are very labor-intensive. In addition, since they start with low cell density cultures, the methods yield small amounts of final extract. Fed-batch fermentations were performed with a defined medium and a glucose feeding strategy designed to meet metabolic demand but avoid acetate production. We have investigated cultures with cell densities from 3 to 50 OD595 for extract preparation. Furthermore, the effect of growth rate (0.2 to 1.1 /hr) on extract performance was studied in glucose-limited cultures. The glucose feeding strategy was able to control acetate production in some fermentations but not in others. The feeding of amino acids may have caused the variability. Neither cell density nor growth rate had a significant impact on protein synthesis by the cell-free extract. Finally, a relA and spoT null mutant grew more slowly, but still produced extract with the same activity as the parent relA1 spoT1 strain.
Low switching field of sub-micron sized MTJs with synthetic ferrimagnet free layer based on NiFe/Ru/NiFe multilayers (2005)

A synthetic ferrimagnetic multilayer was proposed for the free layer of MTJ. Synthetic ferrimagnet has a single domain structure even at low aspect ratio, thus, the switching field of MTJ can be remained low for the very small sized cell. MTJs with synthetic ferrimagnetic free layer based on NiFe were fabricated to reduce switching field. Stacking structure of Si/SiO/sub 2/(10000)/Ta(200)/NiFe(t/sub 1/)/CoFe(0/spl sim/3)/Ru(4)/CoFe(0/spl sim/3)/NiFe(t/sub 2/)/Al (20)-O/CoFe(40)/IrMn(100)/Cr(50)/Au(500) were deposited by high vacuum magnetron sputtering. MR curves were measured by using a conductive atomic force microscope. From the MR curves, switching field was defined the width of hysteresis swept 90% of normalized MR as two times of switching field.