gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fault simulation in a pipelined multiprocessor system (2003)

The authors describe fault simulation algorithms for the MARS hardware accelerator. Two algorithms are considered. The first, serial fault simulation, has a performance that is linear in the number of faults. Its performance is easily predictable and it takes full advantage of the true-value simulation speed of the accelerator; it is also easy to implement. The second algorithm, concurrent fault simulation, is found to have a performance that is nonlinear in the number of faults. It also requires either a large amount of memory or a dynamic memory management, both of which are difficult to implement in an accelerator. Yet the concurrent method has the advantage of more efficient event processing and less duplicated effort. Combining the features of both algorithms, a fixed-memory, multipass, concurrent algorithm is developed for MARS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The concept of virtual paths and virtual channels in ATM-networks (2002)

Problems which relate to the realization of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network are described with particular emphasis on the subscriber access to the network, ATM connections, and switching of the ATM cells. A connection can be established either on the basis of a virtual channel or of a virtual path. To do the routing, translation of the virtual channel identifier (VCI) and the virtual path identifier (VPI) is necessary. The dimensioning of the translation memory and its addressing are considered. Two routing principles within a switching network are presented. An example of an ATM switching element is also given; this element uses a centralized memory for buffering the ATM cells, and it is the nucleus for building large switching networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Noninvasive Fluorimetric Procedure for Measurement of Membrane Potential (1999)

The electrogenic activity of the NADPH oxidase is associated with depolarization of the plasma membrane in activated neutrophils. The magnitude and consequences of this depolarization, however, remain unknown. Neutrophils are not amenable to electrophysiological determinations of membrane potential by current clamp. Instead, the occurrence of depolarization has been inferred from the use of potential-sensitive fluorescent dyes. However, such dyes partition into intracellular organelles and may yield erroneous results, particularly because the NADPH oxidase resides largely in secretory granules, where it has been claimed to become activated. We confirmed the intracellular generation of oxidase products using dihydrorhodamine, which is converted to the fluorescent rhodamine 123 when oxidized. Rhodamine 123 accumulated inside endomembrane organelles in both neutrophils and in differentiated HL60 cells, where it co-localized with the primary granule marker CD63. To estimate the surface membrane potential without interference from organelles, we devised a method based on the voltage-driven uptake of Mn(2+) across the plasmalemma. The uptake of Mn(2+) through calcium release-activated channels was measured as the rate of Indo-1 fluorescence quenching in thapsigargin-treated cells. The rate of Mn(2+) influx was found to vary when the membrane potential was manipulated using conductive ionophores and also when the NADPH oxidase was activated. A calibration curve in the positive potential range was constructed using the Na(+) ionophore SQI-Pr. Using this calibration, the membrane potential of phorbol ester-activated neutrophils was found to reach +58 +/- 6 mV, a sustained depolarization of over 100 mV compared with the resting potential. The depolarization was greatly diminished when the NADPH oxidase was inhibited with diphenylene iodonium. Together, these results indicate that the NADPH oxidase can generate a large depolarization of the plasmalemma, which should suffice to activate a variety of voltage-gated channels, including the outwardly rectifying H(+) conductance.
The metabolic potential of hepatocytes and kidney tissue in the little skate, <i>Raja erinacea</i> (1987)

Abstract Isolated hepatocytes from the little skate ( Raja erinacea ) are characterized by a general low metabolic activity, which can be explained by the benthic lifestyle of the animal. Of the substrates tested, alanine, serine, and leucine are equally good oxidative substrates, and the highest rates of gluconeogenesis are achieved with alanine and glycerol as carbon sources. In both respects, lactate is a relatively poor substrate, and this probably reflects the low abundance of this potential energy source in the skate, even after bouts of anaerobic exercise. The long chain fatty acid oleate and glycerol are poor oxidative substrates for the hepatocytes, Experiments with 3‐mercaptopicolinate, an inhibitor for phosphoenolypyruvate carboxykinase (PEP CK), reveal that serine is funneled into gluconeogenesis through the serinetransaminase pathway, and PEP CK is bypassed. In vitro, the skate liver cells display the potential to synthesis and export ketone bodies from precursors sush as leucine or oleate, whereas added β‐hydroxybutyrate is poorly oxidized. The skate liver appears to be geared towards export of ketone podies while at the same time conserving glycerol carbon for lipid synthesis. Supplied with precursors such as bicarbonate, blutamine, and aspartate, the cells synthesize urea at a rate 0.85 μmol/g/hr at 10°C. β‐Hydroxybutyrate can acelerate the rate of urea synthesis, probably by increasing the intramitochondrial availability of ATP. Unlike any other vertebrate kidney, the tissue of the little skate appears to play no role in glucose synthesis. Skate kidney is characterized by an active oxidative metabolism and a broad substrate preference, with lactate, serine, alanine, and β‐hydroxybutyrate serving as equally good oxidative fuels.
Solid Phase Synthesis of a Metronidazole Oligonucleotide Conjugate (2006)

Direct, solid phase synthesis of an oligonucleotide conjugate of the antibiotic drug metronidazole was accomplished by the phosphoramidite method. Removal of protecting groups and cleavage from the controlled pore glass (CPG) solid support was successful using mild conditions (20% Et(3)N in pyridine, then conc. NH(3) (aq) at rt for 30 min) whereas standard conditions (conc. NH(3) (aq) at 55 degrees C for 16 h) cleaved the drug.
Vesicular transport: the core machinery of COPI recruitment and budding (2002)

Vesicular transport is the predominant mechanism for exchange of proteins and lipids between membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells. Golgi-derived COPI-coated vesicles are involved in several vesicular transport steps, including bidirectional transport within the Golgi and recycling to the ER. Recent work has shed light on the mechanism of COPI vesicle biogenesis, in particular the machinery required for vesicle formation. The new findings have allowed us to generate a model that covers the cycle of coat recruitment, coat polymerization, vesicle budding and uncoating.
Kinetics of Styrene and Methylmethacrylate Polymerizations in A Starved Feed Reactor (1993)

A starved feed reactor (SFR) is one in which rapidly decomposing initiator and rapidly polymerizing monomer are fed slowly into a large volume of solvent, thus producing polymer whose chain length is largely determined by the stoichiometric ratio of monomer to initiator. Such a reactor is useful for the preparation of low molecular weight polymers. A SFR has been used to polymerize styrene (STY) and methylmethacrylate (MMA) with 2,2' azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator over a temperature range of 100 to 130°C. in 2-heptanone. Polymers were produced at a solids fraction ranging from 20 to 60 % and had chain lengths of 20 to 140. The monomer consumption and polymer molecular weight distributions were measured as a function of time. Both a simple, ideal model and a more detailed model for the polymerizations were developed. It was found that the STY polymerizations could be modeled by only including a chain length dependence for the termination rate constant, but the MMA polymerizations required the consideration of both the gel and depropagation effects.
Chemistry of sulfoxides and related compounds. XLIII. Conversion of ketones to epoxides via .beta.-hydroxy sulfides (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of sulfoxides and related compounds. XLIII. Conversion of ketones to epoxides via .beta.-hydroxy sulfidesJames R. Shanklin, Carl R. Johnson, Janet. Ollinger, and Robert M. CoatesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 10, 3429–3431Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00791a084https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00791a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High‐Performance Dibenzoheteraborin‐Based Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters: Molecular Architectonics for Concurrently Achieving Narrowband Emission and Efficient Triplet–Singlet Spin Conversion (2018)

Abstract Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, which enable the full harvesting of singlet and triplet excited states for light emission, are expected as the third‐generation emitters for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), superseding the conventional fluorescence and phosphorescence materials. High photoluminescence quantum yield ( Φ PL ), narrow‐band emission (or high color purity), and short delayed fluorescence lifetime are all strongly desired for practical applications. However, to date, no rational design strategy of TADF emitters is established to fulfill these requirements. Here, an epoch‐making design strategy is proposed for producing high‐performance TADF emitters that concurrently exhibiting high Φ PL values close to 100%, narrow emission bandwidths, and short emission lifetimes of ≈1 µs, with a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate of over 10 6 s −1 . A new family of TADF emitters based on dibenzoheteraborins is introduced, which enable both doped and non‐doped TADF‐OLEDs to achieve markedly high external electroluminescence quantum efficiencies, exceeding 20%, and negligible efficiency roll‐offs at a practical high luminance. Systematic photophysical and theoretical investigations and device evaluations for these dibenzoheteraborin‐based TADF emitters are reported here.
On the reaction of diphenylketene with isocyanides (2005)

The products obtained from the reaction of diphenylketene with a variety of isocyanides are shown to depend heavily on the concentration of diphenylketene; a high concentration results in the precedented dioxolane derivatives, at much lower concentrations the reactions follow an alternative course and polycyclic beta-lactams are generated by a cascade of formal pericyclic reactions.
Time series clustering based on the characterisation of segment typologies (2018)

Time series clustering is the process of grouping time series with respect to their similarity or characteristics. Previous approaches usually combine a specific distance measure for time series and a standard clustering method. However, these approaches do not take the similarity of the different subsequences of each time series into account, which can be used to better compare the time series objects of the dataset. In this paper, we propose a novel technique of time series clustering based on two clustering stages. In a first step, a least squares polynomial segmentation procedure is applied to each time series, which is based on a growing window technique that returns different-length segments. Then, all the segments are projected into same dimensional space, based on the coefficients of the model that approximates the segment and a set of statistical features. After mapping, a first hierarchical clustering phase is applied to all mapped segments, returning groups of segments for each time series. These clusters are used to represent all time series in the same dimensional space, after defining another specific mapping process. In a second and final clustering stage, all the time series objects are grouped. We consider internal clustering quality to automatically adjust the main parameter of the algorithm, which is an error threshold for the segmenta- tion. The results obtained on 84 datasets from the UCR Time Series Classification Archive have been compared against two state-of-the-art methods, showing that the performance of this methodology is very promising.
N-gram and N-class models for on line handwriting recognition (2005)

This paper highlights the interest of a language modelin increasing the performances of on-line handwritingrecognition systems. Models based on statisticalapproaches, trained on written corpora, have beeninvestigated. Two kinds of models have been studied: n-grammodels and n-class models. In the latter case, theclasses result either from a syntactic criteria or acontextual criteria. In order to integrate it into smallcapacity systems (mobile device), an n-class model hasbeen designed by combining these criteria. It outperformsbulkier models based on n-gram. Integration into an on-linehandwriting recognition system demonstrates asubstantial performance improvement due to the languagemodel.
Searchers' relevance judgments and criteria in evaluating web pages in a learning style perspective (2008)

The paper presents the results of a case study of searcher's relevance criteria used for assessments of Web pages in a perspective of learning style. 15 test persons participated in the experiments based on two simulated work tasks that provided cover stories to trigger their information needs. Two learning styles were examined: Global and Sequential learners. The study applied eye-tracking for the observation of relevance hot spots on Web pages, learning style index analysis and post-search interviews to gain more in-depth information on relevance behavior.
Software Implementation of a PN Spread Spectrum Receiver to Accommodate Dynamics (1977)

To optimize the threshold of a pseudonoise (PN) spread spectrum modem for use over an aircraft/satellite communications link at SHF, the effects of Doppler must be taken into account. Reconstitution of carrier phase by a Costas loop to coherently demodulate the PSK data and also the delay-lock error voltage has typically been the practice in PN modems intended for ground applications. To accommodate the platform dynamics, the Costas loop must have a relatively wide bandwidth, and this implies a significant threshold degradation. An alternate implementation employs a noncoherent carrier tracking loop which maintains frequency lock rather than phase lock. Now, the delay-lock error voltage is noncoherently demodulated. For the airborne application, analysis and simulations show this implementation will extend the receiver's tracking threshold significantly (up to 6 dB) for the worst case dynamics profile. An experimental project was undertaken to modify an existing ground PN modem (AN/USC-28, ADM version) for flight test. A software implementation of the digital tracking algorithms was selected where a HP-2100A minicomputer controls carrier frequency and PN code phase via digital phase shifters. The Costas demodulator for extracting PSK data resides entirely in software, and is completely segregated from PN tracking. In laboratory testing of the receiver with simulated dynamics and in actual flight tests, the demonstrated performance was found to approach closely the goals established by the analyses and simulations.
Numerical Study of Natural Convection and Diffusion in Fractured Porous Media (2000)

Summary Compositional variation in a rectangular two-dimensional (x,z) fractured porous medium containing a two-component singlephase fluid in the presence of a prescribed linear temperature field is considered. The work examines the effect of the fracture parameters: fracture aperture (or fracture permeability), fracture intensity, and fracture connectivity on the fluid compositional variation. Numerical results reveal that, for a high fracture aperture, a pronounced convective motion within the fractures takes place, whereas the composition is only affected beyond a certain fracture aperture. The effect of connected and discrete fractures on compositional variation is also studied; connected fractures influence the compositional variation much more than discrete fractures, as expected. The convection cells are mainly loops which develop within the connected fractures.
Nox Control in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - What is the Limit? (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Methods to reduce direct injected diesel engine emissions in the combustion chamber will be discussed in this paper. The following NO<sub>x</sub> emission reduction technologies will be reviewed: charge air chilling, water injection, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Emphasis will be placed on the development of an EGR system and the effect of EGR on NO<sub>x</sub> and particulates.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The lower limit of NO<sub>x</sub> that can be obtained using conventional diesel engine combustion will be discussed. Further reductions in NO<sub>x</sub> may require changing the combustion process from a diffusion flame to a homogeneous charge combustion system.</div>
Human prion diseases with variant prion protein (1994)

Recent molecular genetic studies revealed that the human prion protein (PrP) gene has a large repertoire of polymorphisms and mutations. Each variant PrP seems to correspond to a distinct type of prion diseases. We report herein that it is useful to classify prion diseases into plaque type or non-plaque type, based on the distribution of PrP in the central nervous system. The variant PrP including codon 102, codon 105, codon 129, codon 145 and insertional polymorphisms belong to the plaque type prion diseases, whereas the wild-type PrP and the variants including codon 180, codon 200, and codon 232 polymorphisms belong to the non-plaque type. The non-plaque type prion diseases showed a rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus and periodic synchronous discharges in the electroencephalogram, and in the pathological findings diffuse grey matter PrP accumulations including the synaptic structures. The plaque type prion diseases showed a long clinical course without myoclonus and periodic synchronous discharges, and the major PrP accumulation sites were extracellular PrP plaques. The distribution of PrP deposits in the central nervous system influences the clinical and pathological aspects of prion diseases. Thus, PrP accumulations may play a central role in the pathogenesis of prion diseases.
RNA N <sup>6</sup> ‐Methyladenosine Modifications and the Immune Response (2020)

N<sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A) is the most important modification of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in higher eukaryotes. Modulation of m<sup>6</sup>A modifications relies on methyltransferases and demethylases. The discovery of binding proteins confirms that the m<sup>6</sup>A modification has a wide range of biological effects and significance at the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. In recent years, techniques for investigating m<sup>6</sup>A modifications of RNA have developed rapidly. This article reviews the biological significance of RNA m<sup>6</sup>A modifications in the innate immune response, adaptive immune response, and viral infection.
Invariant Extended Kalman Filter-based state estimation for MAV in GPS-denied environments (2014)

This paper presents a RGB-D aided inertial navigation system that uses RGB-D sensor and low cost inertial measurement sensors (IMU) to provide state estimates for micro aerial vehicles (MAV) in GPS-denied indoor environments. The state estimation approach is based on the invariant observer theory which is developed for systems possessing symmetries. In our system, we review the invariant observer theory and design the invariant observer (Invariant Extended Kalman Filter, IEKF) based on the analysis of system symmetry for the RGB-D aided inertial navigation model evolving on a Lie group. In addition, a robust RGB-D based motion estimation approach is developed to provide relative pose estimates using feature correspondences captured by the RGB-D sensor. The RGB-D estimates are fused with inertial measurements through the IEKF-based observer which yields a simplified error dynamics and simplifies the calculation of gain matrices. The resulting framework is implemented and validated on a MAV, and experimental results from actual indoor flight tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Steady-state photocarrier grating technique for diffusion length measurement in photoconductive insulators (1986)

A new simple technique for the determination of the diffusion length in photoconductive insulators is presented. A steady-state photocarrier grating is created by two interfering laser beams, and the magnitude of the secondary photocurrent perpendicular to the grating fringes is measured. The measurement is then repeated when the two beams are incoherent. From a determination of the two photocurrents as a function of grating period the diffusion length of the photocarriers can be obtained. The method can yield accurate results to 5% of the laser wavelength.