gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of the diastereoisomers of leucovorin after intravenous and oral administration to normal subjects. (1984)

After i.v. administration of d,l-, 1-5-formyltetrahydrofolate (d,l-CHO-THF) CHO-THF was rapidly cleared from the plasma by conversion to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3-THF) and urinary excretion, whereas d-CHO-THF, which was not metabolized and was slowly excreted in the urine, persisted in plasma at concentrations greatly exceeding those of l-CHO-THF and 5-CH3-THF. The plasma half-life (beta) of the unnatural (d) isomer was 451 +/- 24 (S.E.) min compared to 31.6 +/- 1.1 min for the natural (l) isomer, and 227 +/- 20 min for its active metabolite, 5-CH3-THF. The half-lives and volumes of distribution of each of the three compounds were independent of dose over a range of 25 to 100 mg, indicating that mechanisms for distribution, metabolism, and excretion are not saturable over the dose range tested. The urinary clearance of l-CHO-THF or 5-CH3-THF differed only slightly from creatinine clearance, whereas urinary clearance of d-CHO-THF was only one-fifth creatinine clearance, indicating that d-CHO-THF was extensively reabsorbed. Absorption of d,l-CHO-THF after p.o. administration was stereoselective in that absorption of the l-isomer was approximately 5 times that of the d isomer. Thus, p.o. administration resulted in a more favorable ratio of active to inactive folates in plasma. At a dose of 25 mg, absorption approached 100% for l-CHO-THF compared to 20% for d-CHO-THF. However, absorption was saturable, and lower percentages of both compounds were absorbed at doses of 50 and 100 mg.
Cardiac Components Categorization and Coronary Artery Enhancement in CT Angiography (2014)

Coronary artery analysis is an important phase of each cardiac image processing system. Once physicians decide to check up coronary arteries and also other cardiac components in CT Angiography, it should be done precisely to give the correct information about them. In this paper, we proposed a new method for cardiac components categorization, aorta segmentation, and coronary artery enhancement from CT Angiography images. This method is very helpful for the surgeon and cardiologist to have a clear view of each components and also to visualize coronary arteries prior to coronary artery bypass graft surgery or other types of cardiac treatments. To this end, firstly we constructed a proper mask based on the Houns field Unit to categorize CT Angiography slices' components. Then aorta as an important component is segmented from initial slices. And finally coronary arteries are enhanced as tubular shape objects in all slices.
Diffusion-Driven Charge Transport in Light Emitting Devices (2017)

Almost all modern inorganic light-emitting diode (LED) designs are based on double heterojunctions (DHJs) whose structure and current injection principle have remained essentially unchanged for decades. Although highly efficient devices based on the DHJ design have been developed and commercialized for energy-efficient general lighting, the conventional DHJ design requires burying the active region (AR) inside a pn-junction. This has hindered the development of emitters utilizing nanostructured ARs located close to device surfaces such as nanowires or surface quantum wells. Modern DHJ III-N LEDs also exhibit resistive losses that arise from the DHJ device geometry. The recently introduced diffusion-driven charge transport (DDCT) emitter design offers a novel way to transport charge carriers to unconventionally placed ARs. In a DDCT device, the AR is located apart from the pn-junction and the charge carriers are injected into the AR by bipolar diffusion. This device design allows the integration of surface ARs to semiconductor LEDs and offers a promising method to reduce resistive losses in high power devices. In this work, we present a review of the recent progress in gallium nitride (GaN) based DDCT devices, and an outlook of potential DDCT has for opto- and microelectronics.
Upregulation of long non-coding RNA MALAT-1 confers poor prognosis and influences cell proliferation and apoptosis in acute monocytic leukemia (2017)

Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT-1), a long non-coding RNA, has been documented to be a new prognostic marker and gene regulator in several types of cancer, but its potential involvement in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. This study investigated the expression and functional role of MALAT-1 in AML. MALAT-1 expression was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. After lentiviral-mediated MALAT-1 knockdown, the proliferation of AML cells was determined by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry and the expression of caspase-3, -8 and -9 was assessed by western blot analysis. We found that MALAT-1 expression in patients with acute monocytic leukemia (M5) was significantly increased when compared with that of healthy controls, and the overall survival of M5 patients with high MALAT-1 expression was markedly reduced when compared with the overall survival of patients with low MALAT-1 expression. The analysis of cellular experiments showed that MALAT-1 silencing decreased the proliferation of M5 cells (U-937 and THP-1), inhibited cell cycle progression and increased apoptosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that high MALAT-1 expression is closely associated with poor prognosis in M5 patients and may play a role in leukemia cell proliferation and apoptosis, and may serve as a promising theranostic marker.
A 260 GHz fully integrated CMOS transceiver for wireless chip-to-chip communication (2012)

A fully integrated 260GHz OOK transceiver is demonstrated in 65nm CMOS. Communication at 10Gb/s has been verified over a range of 40 mm. The Tx/Rx dual on-chip antenna array is implemented with half-width leaky wave antennas. Each Tx consists of a quadrupler driven by a class-D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> PA with a distributed OOK modulator, and outputs +5 dBm of EIRP. The Rx uses a double balanced mixer to down-convert to a V-band IF signal that is amplified with a wideband IF driver and demoduated on-chip.
rGbeta1: a psychostimulant-regulated gene essential for establishing cocaine sensitization. (1997)

Repeated doses of cocaine or amphetamine lead to long-lasting behavioral manifestations that include enhanced responses termed sensitization. Although biochemical mechanisms that underlie these manifestations currently remain largely unknown, new protein synthesis has been implicated in several of these neuroadaptive processes. To seek candidate biochemical mechanisms for these drug-induced neuroplastic behavioral responses, we have used an approach termed subtracted differential display (SDD) to identify genes whose expression is regulated by these psychostimulants. rGbeta1 is one of the SDD products that encodes a rat G-protein beta subunit. rGbeta1 expression is upregulated by cocaine or amphetamine treatments in neurons of the nucleus accumbens shell region, a major center for psychostimulant effects in locomotor control and behavioral reward. Antisense oligonucleotide treatments that attenuate rGbeta1 expression in regions including the nucleus accumbens abolish the development of behavioral sensitization when they are administrated during the repeated cocaine exposures that establish sensitization. These treatments fail to alter acute behavioral responses to cocaine, and they do not block the expression of cocaine sensitization when it is established before oligonucleotide administrations. Full, regulated rGbeta1 expression is a biochemical component essential to the establishment of a key consequence of repeated cocaine administrations, sensitization.
Dual stimuli responsive hollow nanogels with IPN structure for temperature controlling drug loading and pH triggering drug release (2011)

Monodisperse temperature/pH dual stimuli responsive hollow nanogels with an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure based on a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) network and a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) network (PNIPAM/PAA IPN hollow nanogels) were fabricated by a two-step sequential colloidal template polymerization and subsequent removal of the cavity templates. Their chemical composition, IPN structure and hollow structure were verified by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. pH and temperature dependent particle sizes measured by dynamic light scattering indicated that the hollow nanogels have both pH and temperature dual stimuli responsive properties. Isoniazid (INH), an antitubercular drug, was loaded into PNIPAM/PAA IPN hollow nanogels by controlling the equilibrium temperature ensuring it is lower than their volume phase transition temperature, so that the drug loading capacity can reach 668 mg INH per gram of the hollow nanogel. It can be seen from the TEM results that the encapsulated INH is mainly located in the cavities of the hollow nanogels. In vitrodrug release studies showed that the INH loaded PNIPAM/PAA IPN hollow nanogels possess distinct acid triggered drug release behavior, which may make them suitable for a stomach-specific drug delivery system.
Early Preplasma Cells Define a Tolerance Checkpoint for Autoreactive B Cells (2006)

Ab-secreting plasma cells (PCs) are the effectors of humoral immunity. In this study, we describe regulation of autoreactive B cells specific for the ribonucleoprotein Smith (Sm) at an early pre-PC stage. These cells are defined by the expression of the PC marker CD138 and normal levels of CD19 and B220. They are present at a high frequency in normal mouse spleen and bone marrow, are Ag dependent, and are located predominantly along the T cell-B cell border and near bridging channels. Anti-Sm pre-PCs also occur at a high frequency in nonautoimmune mice and show additional phenotypic characteristics of PC differentiation. However, while some of these pre-PCs are Ab-secreting cells, those specific for Sm are not, indicating regulation. Consistent with this, anti-Sm pre-PCs have a higher turnover rate and higher frequency of cell death than those that do not bind Sm. Regulation of anti-Sm pre-PCs occurs upstream of the transcriptional repressor, B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1, expression. Regulation at this stage is overcome in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice and is accompanied by an altered B lymphocyte stimulator receptor profile. These data reveal a new B cell tolerance checkpoint that is overcome in autoimmunity.
In vivo Effect of Didemnin B on Two Tumors of the Rat (1987)

Didemnin B administered at a dose of 0.06 mg/kg, highest nontoxic dose for the rat, shows a high antitumor activity against Yoshida ascites tumor only after intraperitoneal injection of the drug; supplied by other routes both against T8 sarcoma of Guérin and Yoshida ascites tumor is ineffective.
A novel Ti‐plasmid‐convertible λ phage vector system suitable for gene isolation by genetic complementation of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> mutants (1995)

A new lambda phage vector system, lambda TI, has been constructed to facilitate genetic complementation of higher plant mutations. The lambda TI vectors are stable, and by using the Cre-lox site-specific recombination, are automatically convertible into Ti-plasmid binary vectors which are capable of expressing genes in higher plants. Two lambda TI vectors were constructed: (i) lambda TI1, which can generate a Ti-plasmid that contains the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and is suitable for the expression of cDNA in transformed plants and (ii) lambda TI2, which can generate a Ti-plasmid with the multicloning site (MCS). cDNA and genomic libraries, which were constructed from the cruciferous plant Arabidopsis thaliana in these lambda TI vectors, can be probed by large DNA fragments of more than 100 kb, such as yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), enabling the direct screening of the clones in the chromosome region containing a specified genetic locus. These libraries will certainly become powerful tools for the genetic complementation of Arabidopsis mutant phenotypes by quickly providing transformation-competent clones.
Scattering by an Inhomogeneous Solid (1949)

A general treatment of the scattering of radiation by an inhomogeneous material is developed. It is shown how scattering measurements can be used to obtain the average square of the fluctuations in refractive index or electron density and a correlation function which measures the degree of correlation between two fluctuations as a function of their distance of separation. The scattering of visible light by Lucite and two glass samples has been investigated. The data are analyzed in terms of the quantities mentioned above. It is found that the extensions in space of the inhomogeneities in the Lucite sample are much greater than those in the optical glass samples investigated. The magnitudes of the fluctuations in refractive index are found to be dependent on the composition of the sample.
Hypertrophy of rat extensor digitorum longus muscle injected with bupivacaine. A sequential histochemical, immunohistochemical, histological and morphometric study. (1992)

Histochemical, immunohistochemical, histological and morphometric properties of bupivacaine-injected rat skeletal muscle were studied at times spanning the complete course of degeneration and regeneration to establish when, if ever, 'normality' is reached. This was achieved in a sequence of measurements made on the same series of rat fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL), of the fibre type composition, myosin heavy chain content, fibre size, connective tissue content and myofibril size at 1-2 h and 2, 4, 8, 11, 21, 40, 60, 80 and 180 d after treatment. By 2 d after injection 86% of the fibres had undergone necrosis. A rapid restoration of histochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometric properties then occurred, being apparently complete by 21 d after injection. A pattern of ongoing changes recognised when regeneration was essentially 'complete' are reminiscent of changes that occur in muscles following compensatory hypertrophy produced by synergist ablation. These changes included an increase in muscle weight, a decline in normalised peak twitch and tetanic tensions, and normalised force in response to different stimulation frequencies (Rosenblatt, 1992), an increase in the relative number of type I fibres and of fibres reacting with the slow myosin heavy chain antibody, an increase in whole muscle cross-sectional area, an increase in type I and type II fibre cross-sectional area and diameter, an increase in myofibril cross-sectional area, density, number, and area fraction, and an increase in the relative proportion of intramuscular connective tissue collagen. This suggests that the EDL muscle is being made to do more active work and is being influenced by passive forces (stretch) imposed on it. These changes appeared permanent: they stabilised at about 60 d after injection and were maintained for at least the next 120 d.
Si based tunneling field effect transistors and inverters (2013)

Reducing the drain voltage, V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> , is the key leverage to lower power dissipation in circuits, since the dynamic losses increase proportional to V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD2</sub> multiplied by the frequency. Presently, fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) technology sets the level pole for ultra-low power applications: At 0.6 V a clock frequency of 1 GHz has been achieved [1]. A further reduction of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> limits the performance considerably. IMEC announced an ultralow power chip working at voltages from 1V down to 0.4 V. In the sub-threshold regime at 0.4 V the clock frequency reduces to 1 MHz but also the energy consumption drops to a fraction of standard circuits [2]. Numerous applications are foreseeable for battery-powered and energy scavenging smart devices. The question is will tunnel field effect transistors (TFET) provide superior performance.
Control of sympathetic nerve activity by vagal mechanoreflexes is blunted in heart failure. (1992)

We conclude that dogs with low-output heart failure exhibit marked attenuation of cardiopulmonary mechanoreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity. This attenuated response is mediated via cardiac vagal afferent fibers and is due to either abnormalities in cardiopulmonary baroreceptors or abnormalities in the central nervous system.
Mutagenic Analysis of Functional Residues in Putative Substrate-binding Site and Acidic Domains of Vacuolar H+-Pyrophosphatase (2001)

Vacuolar H(+)-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) uses PP(i) as an energy donor and requires free Mg(2+) for enzyme activity and stability. To determine the catalytic domain, we analyzed charged residues (Asp(253), Lys(261), Glu(263), Asp(279), Asp(283), Asp(287), Asp(723), Asp(727), and Asp(731)) in the putative PP(i)-binding site and two conserved acidic regions of mung bean V-PPase by site-directed mutagenesis and heterologous expression in yeast. Amino acid substitution of the residues with alanine and conservative residues resulted in a marked decrease in PP(i) hydrolysis activity and a complete loss of H(+) transport activity. The conformational change of V-PPase induced by the binding of the substrate was reflected in the susceptibility to trypsin. Wild-type V-PPase was completely digested by trypsin but not in the presence of Mg-PP(i), while two V-PPase mutants, K261A and E263A, became sensitive to trypsin even in the presence of the substrate. These results suggest that the second acidic region is also implicated in the substrate hydrolysis and that at least two residues, Lys(261) and Glu(263), are essential for the substrate-binding function. From the observation that the conservative mutants K261R and E263D showed partial activity of PP(i) hydrolysis but no proton pump activity, we estimated that two residues, Lys(261) and Glu(263), might be related to the energy conversion from PP(i) hydrolysis to H(+) transport. The importance of two residues, Asp(253) and Glu(263), in the Mg(2+)-binding function was also suggested from the trypsin susceptibility in the presence of Mg(2+). Furthermore, it was found that the two acidic regions include essential common motifs shared among the P-type ATPases.
Predicting Multiphase Flow Behavior in a Deviated Well (1988)

Summary In deviated wells of an offshore producing environment, flow of two-or three-phase mixtures is invariably encountered. While many investigators have studied vertical multiphase flow behavior, few studies, often entirely empirical, deal with deviated well systems. The main objective of this work is to present a model that predicts both flow regime and pressure gradient in a deviated wellbore. In the modeling of flow-pattern transition and void fraction, an approach similar to that for vertical flow is taken; i.e., four principal flow regimes are recognized: bubbly, slug, churn, and annular. The transition from bubbly to slug flow is found to be at a local void fraction of 0.25. This transition criterion in terms of gas and liquid superficial velocities is found to be significantly affected by the well deviation, particularly in highly deviated wells. The transitions from slug to chum flow and chum to annular flow occur at high fluid velocities and are unaffected by well deviation. The velocity-profile-distribution parameter for bubbly, slug, and churn flows is found to be unaffected by the well deviation angle. Similarly, the terminal rise velocity for small bubbles also appears to be insignificantly affected by the well deviation. In contrast, the "Taylor" bubble-rise velocity changes dramatically as deviation angle is increased. Thus, the characters of slug and chum flows in a deviated well differ from those in a vertical well. Data on gas void fraction were obtained both from a 5-in. [127-mm] circular pipe and from annular flow channels for deviation angles up to 32° from the vertical. The validity of the proposed model is demonstrated with these data and with laboratory data from other sources. Several field examples are presented to show the application of the model.
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF LARGE FERN FORESTS IN UPPER PETCHORA (PETCHORO- ILITCHSKY STATE NATURE RESERVE) (2012)

Поступила 15.03.2012 В статье проанализирована специфическая форма пространственной организации елово-пихтарника крупно-папоротникового в верховьях реки Печоры. На основе анализа перекрытия крон 1058 деревьев показано, что «окна» занимают больше 55% пробной площади. Выявлена сложная пространственная организация древес-ной синузии, включающая в себя одиночные деревья, одновозрастные и разновозрастные парцеллы. Ключевые слова
PRIMARY THROMBOSIS OF THE SUBCLAVIAN VEIN (1933)

LrMEDICAL JOURNAL made either unlikely. Now, however-quite justifiably, as I think-we considered the condition. a commencing acute pneumonia. At 6 p.m. he seemed better; his temperature was 1000, his respirations were 48, and he had no pain. The next morning he was standing on the window sill, and greeted me cheerily as I came up the garden path. His temperature was 980, and he seemed normal in every respect. On the 26t-h he had a return of the symptoms of two days before, with the addition of a pain in the back, which prevented him raising himself from the bed. On the 27th he had violent nasal catarrlh, andIhis evening temperature was 99.8, but alter this date he recovered completely.
Apoptosis-inducing effect of recombinant Caspase-3 expressed by constructed eukaryotic vector on gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 (2003)

The expression of Rev-Caspase-3 by the constructed eukaryotic vector can significantly induce apoptosis of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901, which may exhibit a potential way in gastric cancer gene therapy.
Adenosine A1 Receptor Knockout Mice Develop Lethal Status Epilepticus after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury (2005)

Adenosine, acting at A1 receptors, exhibits anticonvulsant effects in experimental epilepsy--and inhibits progression to status epilepticus (SE). Seizures after traumatic brain injury (TBI) may contribute to pathophysiology. Thus, we hypothesized that endogenous adenosine, acting via A1 receptors, mediates antiepileptic benefit after experimental TBI. We subjected A1-receptor knockout (ko) mice, heterozygotes, and wild-type (wt) littermates (n=115) to controlled cortical impact (CCI). We used four outcome protocols in male mice: (1) observation for seizures, SE, and mortality in the initial 2 h, (2) assessment of seizure score (electroencephalogram (EEG)) in the initial 2 h, (3) assessment of mortality at 24 h across injury levels, and (4) serial assessment of arterial blood pressure, heart rate, blood gases, and hematocrit. Lastly, to assess the influence of gender on this observation, we observed female mice for seizures, SE, and mortality in the initial 2 h. Seizure activity was noted in 83% of male ko mice in the initial 2 h, but was seen in no heterozygotes and only 33% of wt (P<0.05). Seizures in wt were brief (1 to 2 secs). In contrast, SE involving lethal sustained (>1 h) tonic clonic activity was uniquely seen in ko mice after CCI (50% incidence in males), (P<0.05). Seizure score was twofold higher in ko mice after CCI versus either heterozygote or wt (P<0.05). An injury-intensity dose-response for 24 h mortality was seen in ko mice (P<0.05). Physiologic parameters were similar between genotypes. Seizures were seen in 100% of female ko mice after CCI versus 14% of heterozygotes and 25% wt (P<0.05) and SE was restricted to the ko mice (83% incidence). Our data suggest a critical endogenous anticonvulsant action of adenosine at A1 receptors early after experimental TBI.