gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the dipole formation and growth behavior at In2O3|TiO2 heterojunctions using photoemission spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (2016)

This paper discusses the investigation of the dipole formation at In2O3|TiO2 heterojunctions depending on preparation conditions, i.e., cleaning methods. In2O3 films were deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) onto solvent and in situ cleaned anatase and rutile film substrates. The interface dipole strength and film thickness were evaluated by photoemission spectroscopy. Our results indicate the formation of a large intrinsic and film thickness dependent interface dipole that reaches its maximum strength at monolayer thick ALD films. In addition, it was observed that UV photoelectron spectroscopy measurements introduced UV induced surface hydroxylation, which resulted in dipole potentials of −0.70 eV and −0.50 eV on solvent cleaned anatase and rutile, respectively. The overlayers also introduced small amounts of band bending (∼0.10 eV) at the interfaces. Taking these effects into account, the total dipole strength at monolayer thick In2O3 films was determined to be −0.96 eV for solvent cleaned anatase and rutile and −0.81 eV for in situ cleaned rutile. The deposition of single ALD cycles on differently cleaned rutile substrates resulted in similar work function values, suggesting little influence of the sample preparation method prior to ALD deposition on the dipole formation. This was assigned to the fact that ALD oxides benefit from ambient water related contamination by integrating the molecules into the growing ALD layer. Highest initial growth was observed on solvent cleaned rutile, followed by in-situ cleaned rutile and solvent cleaned anatase. The In2O3 growth converged at 0.3 Å/c past the nucleation regime.
Routing in taxi and public transport based heterogeneous vehicular networks (2016)

Recently, extending the use of Long Term Evolution (LTE) to support vehicular application has attracted more and more research attentions. On one hand, LTE provides a large coverage area, high penetration rate and high-speed terminal support that can benefit vehicular communication in vehicular environments. On the other hand, the non-free wireless communication makes LTE less attractive than the conventional V2V communication technique, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) supported by IEEE 802.11p that is free of charge. In this paper, we propose a novel Taxi and Public transport based Heterogeneous Vehicular Network (TPHVN) where taxis and public transport facilities compose the backbone with LTE Device-to-Device (LTE D2D) communication to assist V2V communication. In the TPHVN, taxis, buses and bus stations are equipped with not only DSRC devices that communicate with the private vehicles but also LTE D2D devices for LTE D2D communication in backbone. Over the TPHVN, a novel Taxi and Public transport based heterogeneous vehicular network Fuzzy Routing (TPFR) is proposed. Simulation results show that comparing with well accepted routing protocols in VANETs, TPFR can efficiently boost the delivery ratio of messages and reduce the message delay.
[Diagnostic value of procalcitonin in ventilator associated pneumonia]. (2006)

The value of serum PCT has high sensitivity rate in the diagnosis of VAP, so that timely surveillance of serum PCT change is helpful for the diagnosis of VAP in the early stage.
Repetitive Pulse Width Modulation Based Single-RF MIMO System with Compact 4-Port Antenna (2016)

A single-RF transmitter based on repetitive pulse width modulation (RPWM) was proposed for an alternative system of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. However, the RPWM transmitter system has demerits which are to require switch modules with high resolution and twice the number of antenna elements than the conventional system. In the previous works, the relation of the switch resolution and the performance of the RPWM transmitter system has not been analyzed and the practical antenna has not been considered. Also, it has not been also provided how to demodulate the received signal from the RPWM transmitter system. In this paper, we propose a compact 4-port antenna which can be applied for the RPWM transmitter system practically. We provide also a receiver architecture for the RPWM transmitter system. Then we will verify that the RPWM transmitter system achieves similar multiplexing gain compared to the conventional MIMO system practically by considering the proposed antenna, the practical switch modules, and the proposed receiver system.
Early Pregnancy Factor Activity in Serum of Patients with Surgical Abortion (2000)

Quantitative study of EPF activity along temporal dimensions (duration) due to surgical abortion further promotes the efficiency to take EPF activity and its rate of change as truly index for monitoring embryonic care and development of normal pregnancy.
1Web-TRECS: The Design and Use of an E-commerce Business Simulation (2015)

A challenge for eCommerce educators is the development of teaching tools and environments which provide tertiary students and business people with practically-based opportunities for learning about the business potential of eCommerce. Business simulation approaches to eCommerce education are a particularly effective way in which to provide students with these pedagogic opportunities [see 10]. What is less certain, however, is how Web-based business simulations can be developed and used to teach eCommerce. This paper describes the way in which we developed such a Web-based eCommerce business simulation called Web-TRECS. The paper discusses some innovative approaches to the development of this teaching tool, including components of the Web-TRECS application which allow educators to design their own manufacturing supply chains for use in Web-TRECS and which dynamically generates online participant manuals and instructions based on these alternative supply chain designs. The paper then outlines the types of eCommerce teaching objectives which can be addressed using Web-TRECS based on our initial experiences with this tool and our extensive experience with non-Web versions of TRECS.
Design and analysis of binary beam shapers using error diffusion (2007)

An error diffusion algorithm is used to design binary pixelated beam shapers. Beam shapers based on pixels with transmission equal either to 0 or 1 can be synthesized with this deterministic algorithm to provide continuous intensity shaping after Fourier filtering. The capabilities of these shapers are studied for high-power lasers. A particular emphasis is placed on the influence of the feature size on the performance of the designed shapers, and it is shown that the transmission degradation is highly predictable for this algorithm. Simulations demonstrating the possibility of precompensating for feature size when designing intensity shapers are presented.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genome Activation Induced by Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Protein Is through Cooperation of NF-κB and Tat (1998)

For productive replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in host cells, the viral genome-encoded transactivator Tat and several cellular transcription factors are required for efficient viral gene transcription. However, it remains unclear how the viral genome initiates transcription before Tat is transcribed or when Tat is at suboptimal levels. Here, we utilized the human T-cell leukemia type 1 Tax protein as a molecular tool to investigate the mechanism of viral gene transcription that initiates the early phase of infection of HIV-1. Tax alone does not significantly increase the activity of HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) in T lymphocytes, but it markedly enhanced the replication of an infectious HIV-1 provirus with a truncated nef gene. This enhancement is preferentially mediated by the cooperation of Tax and Tat which is dependent on TAR and duplicated kappaB cis elements of the HIV-1 LTR as well as the NF-kappaB activation domain of Tax. Furthermore, phorbol myristate acetate and membrane-targeted HIV-1 Nef also enhanced the LTR activity in the presence of Tat in the TAR- and kappaB cis element-dependent manner. These data suggest that activated NF-kappaB can functionally interact with a suboptimal amount of Tat and the HIV-1 LTR for efficient initiation of viral gene transcription.
Visualizing surface plasmon polaritons by their gradient force (2015)

A new method is presented for visualizing the electric field distributions associated with propagating surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) modes directly in the near-field. The method is based on detecting the photo-induced gradient force exerted by the evanescent field onto a sharp and polarizable tip. Using a photo-induced force microscope (PiFM), images of propagating SPPs are obtained on flat gold surfaces.
Evaluation of Inflow Control Device Performance using Computational Fluid Dynamics (2018)

Abstract In steam injection thermal recovery, it is essential to have a uniform flow to improve the recovery and to avoid the localized steam breakthrough which could lead to damage to well completion. In this paper, we propose three quantitative criteria to assess the performance of inflow control devices (ICD) based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The new performance criteria are exemplified in the evaluation of a few basic ICD designs. To evaluate the response of the ICD to flow rate and fluid type, three new performance criteria, defined as (1) quadratic flow coefficient, (2) viscosity coefficient, and (3) erosion potential, are proposed and evaluated based on a set of CFD simulations. The first criterion measures the flow rate response and the ability of the ICD to restrict high velocity flow, the second quantifies the viscosity sensitivity, and the third predicts the potential for erosion in the device. Four different liner deployed ICD designs, based on two passive design types (nozzle and channel) and one autonomous design type (Tesla flow diode), were analyzed using a rigorous CFD model. The model includes the surrounding slotted liner and inner tubing to identify any interactions of the ICD with the surrounding completion. The CFD model has been verified for grid and domain independence and it was applied to a range of flow rates representative of the field condition. In addition, simulations were run for a range of single-phase incompressible fluids with varying viscosities. Using the newly proposed criteria, the ICDs were evaluated and compared. The comparison shows that, of these devices, the diode does the best job of restricting the flow at high flow speeds and low viscosities. At high viscosities, such as in the case of oil, the diode is the least restrictive device. Although the two straight nozzles tested are slightly worse at restricting the flow, they have the lowest erosion potential. Based on this comparison and the proposed criteria, the channel design performs poorly. At low viscosities it does not sufficiently restrict the flow, and at high viscosities it overly restricts the production of oil. It also has a high erosion potential, because of the steep entrance angle. In this work, a new set of quantifiable criteria are defined and assessed that allow multiple aspects of different ICD designs to be compared simultaneously. Overall, these three criteria give a highly sensitive, quantitative means of comparing ICD designs. With these three criteria together, a more comprehensive comparison can be made in support of selection and improvement of ICDs.
α‐<scp>D</scp>‐Galactosidase from Soybeans Destroying Blood‐Group B Antigens (1977)

α‐ D ‐Galactosidase was isolated from untoasted soybean meal and purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on N ‐ɛ‐aminoacaproyl α‐ D ‐galactopyranosylamine‐Sepharose. The purified enzyme destroyed the B‐specificity of human ovarian cyst B‐glycoprotein with an accompanying increase in H‐specificity, and converted human type‐B erythrocytes to type O. The enzyme consists primarily of a tetramer, molecular weight 150000 ± 5000 at pH 4.0, and of a monomer, molecular weight 40000 ± 3000 at pH 8.0. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in dodecyl sulfate at pH 7.2 distinguished between two types of monomeric unit of similar molecular weight. N‐terminal alanine was identified as the sole N‐terminal amino acid residue. The enzyme was shown to be devoid of carbohydrate.
On underwater detonations, 1. A new method for predicting the CJ detonation pressure of explosives (1987)

The experimental detonation pressure of explosives has been found to correlate reasonably well with the theoretical specific impulse and density of these compositions. Two data sets were subjected to linear regression analysis, giving a number of possible correlations; however, the equation containing Isp × Density2, a Kamlet-Jacobs like term, was found to show the best relationship for predicting, today's plastic bonded explosives. The complete equation is:
Introduction to the COMTEX Microfiche Edition of the SRI Artificial Intelligence Center: Technical Notes (1984)

Charles A. Rosen came to SRI in 1957. I arrived in 1961. Between these dates, Charlie organized an Applied Physics Laboratory and became interested in learning machines and self-organizing systems. That interest launched a group that ultimately grew into a major world center of artificial intelligence research - a center that has endured twenty-five years of boom and bust in fashion, has graduated over a hundred AI research professionals, and has generated ideas and programs resulting in new products and companies as well as scientific articles, books, and this particular collection itself.
<b>A Derivative of Borazarene</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Derivative of BorazareneMichael J. S. Dewar and Peter A. MarrCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 19, 3782Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00878a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00878a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views924Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A method for determining the positions of polar hydrogens added to a protein structure that maximizes protein hydrogen bonding (1992)

An automated method for the optimal placement of polar hydrogens in a protein structure is described. This method treats the polar, side chain hydrogens of lysine, serine, threonine, and tyrosine and the amino terminus of a protein. The program, called NETWORK, divides the potential hydrogen-bonding pairs of a protein into groups of interacting donors and acceptors. A search is conducted on each of the local groups to find an arrangement which forms the most hydrogen bonds. If two or more arrangements have the same number of hydrogen bonds, the arrangement with the shortest set of hydrogen bonds is selected. The polar hydrogens of the histidyl side chain are specifically treated, and the ionization state of this residue is allowed to change, if this change results in additional hydrogen bonds for the local group. The program will accept Protein Data Bank as well as Biosym-format coordinate files. Input and output routines can be easily modified to accept other coordinate file formats. The predictions from this method are compared to known hydrogen positions for bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, insulin, RNase-A, and trypsin for which the neutron diffraction structures have been determined. The usefulness of this program is further demonstrated by a comparison of molecular dynamics simulations for the enzyme cytochrome P-450cam with and without using NETWORK.
Phosphorus betaines derived from cycloheptene and cyclooctene oxides. Inversion of cyclooctene (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorus betaines derived from cycloheptene and cyclooctene oxides. Inversion of cycloocteneEdwin Vedejs, Karel A. J. Snoble, and Philip L. FuchsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 6, 1178–1183Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00946a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views764Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (907 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline Cu2−xSe by a novel solvothermal pathway (1998)

A novel solvothermal method has been developed to obtain nanocrystalline Cu 2–x Se at low temperature; CuI and Se were placed at 90 °C for 4 h in an autoclave with ethylenediamine as solvent and the product was characterized by XRD, TEM and XPS. The results revealed that as prepared Cu 2–x Se grains were nearly homogeneously spherical and the average grain size was ca. 18 nm. Ethylenediamine coordinated to Cu + probably plays an important role in the formation of nanocrystalline Cu 2–x Se. It is reasonable to expect that this simple one-step solvothermal route can be extended to obtain other nanocrystalline materials.
Improved synthesis of hyaluronic acid hydrogel and its effect on tissue augmentation (2011)

HA-HMDA hydrogels were developed by direct amide bond formation between the carboxyl groups of hyaluronic acid (HA) and hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) with an optimized carboxyl group modification in the preliminary experiment. However, these HA-HMDA hydrogels transformed into an unstable liquid form after steam sterilization, and were problematic for application to actual dermal filler. A new method to overcome the problem of the previously developed HA-HMDA hydrogels is to prepare them by adjusting the pH in this study. Not only are these improved HA-HMDA hydrogels prepared with lower amounts of cross-linking and activation agents compared to the previously developed hydrogels, but they also maintain a stable form after steam sterilization. These improved HA-HMDA hydrogels showed higher viscoelasticity and longer lasting effects than the previous ones, despite the fact that the amount of the HMDA used as a cross-linking agent as well as 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole monohydrated (HOBt) used as activation agents were substantially reduced. According to an in vivo test using a wrinkled mouse model, the improved HA-HMDA hydrogels exhibited significantly improved tissue augmentation effects compared to a positive control of Restylane, which is widely used for the tissue augmentation throughout the world. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed excellent biocompatibility and safety of the improved synthesized HA-HMDA hydrogels.
Ethical Dilemmas and the Disputing Process (1989)

The attempt to resolve legal disputes to the satisfaction of all parties has been an elusive goal in most industrialized countries. The alternative dispute resolution movement began in earnest in the late sixties in the United States.1 The growth of the movement can be attributed to problems with access to courts and high legal costs, Yet serious problems are still present in such proceedings.2 One major problem is the power differential between the parties involved. The less powerful disputant is not as able to resolve the grievance to his/her satisfaction as is the more powerful disputant. Further, as Nader suggests, . . privatization of justice is justice without due process, regulations, or guidelines.3 The movement in industrialized countries can trace its roots to dispute processing in agrarian societies. The traditional research on dispute resolution has focused on disputes between and among individuals and small groups in non-industrialized societies.4 In such research, the unit of observation is the network of observed people.5 More recently, researchers have begun to focus on the role of the less powerful in attempting to analyze the impact of disputes between individuals and organizations in industrialized societies.6
THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND MACROTHROMBOCYTOSIS IN GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION (1981)

The platelet count in 550 patients with gestational hypertension was significantly lower and the mean platelet volume significantly higher than in normal pregnant women. Both the platelet count and volume became increasingly abnormal when hypertension was accompanied by oedema, proteinuria or both, and women with severe pre-eclampsia or eclampsia had the lowest platelet counts and the highest mean platelet volume. The proportion of patients with thrombocytopenia and/or macrothrombocytosis also varied with the severity of the clinical presentation. Fibrinogen degradation products were found mainly in fully developed pre-eclampsia. These findings confirm the concept of a rapid platelet turnover caused by low-grade disseminated intravascular coagulation in gestational hypertension. The platelet pattern in essential hypertension is similar to that seen in normal pregnancy.
Current status of drug screening and disease modelling in human pluripotent stem cells (2012)

The emphasis in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technologies has shifted from cell therapy to in vitro disease modelling and drug screening. This review examines why this shift has occurred, and how current technological limitations might be overcome to fully realise the potential of hPSCs. Details are provided for all disease-specific human induced pluripotent stem cell lines spanning a dozen dysfunctional organ systems. Phenotype and pharmacology have been examined in only 17 of 63 lines, primarily those that model neurological and cardiac conditions. Drug screening is most advanced in hPSC-cardiomyocytes. Responses for almost 60 agents include examples of how careful tests in hPSC-cardiomyocytes have improved on existing in vitro assays, and how these cells have been integrated into high throughput imaging and electrophysiology industrial platforms. Such successes will provide an incentive to overcome bottlenecks in hPSC technology such as improving cell maturity and industrial scalability whilst reducing cost.