gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BMP3 Suppresses Osteoblast Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells via Interaction with Acvr2b (2011)

Enhancing bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling increases bone formation in a variety of settings that target bone repair. However, the role of BMP in the maintenance of adult bone mass is not well understood. Targeted disruption of BMP3 in mice results in increased trabecular bone formation, whereas transgenic overexpression of BMP3 in skeletal cells leads to spontaneous fracture, consistent with BMP3 having a negative role in bone mass regulation. Here we investigate the importance of BMP3 as a mediator of BMP signaling in the adult skeleton. We find that osteoblasts (OBL) and osteocytes are the source of BMP3 in adult bone. Using in vitro cultures of primary bone marrow stromal cells, we show that overexpression of BMP3 suppresses OBL differentiation, whereas loss of BMP3 increases colony-forming unit fibroblasts and colony-forming unit OBL. The ability of BMP3 to affect OBL differentiation is due to its interaction with activin receptor type 2b (Acvr2b) because knockdown of endogenous Acvr2b in bone marrow stromal cells reduces the suppressive effect of BMP3 on OBL differentiation. These findings best fit a model in which BMP3, produced by mature bone cells, acts to reduce BMP signaling through Acvr2b in skeletal progenitor cells, limiting their differentiation to mature OBL. Our data further support the idea that endogenous BMPs have a physiological role in regulating adult bone mass.
Good grief, i can speak it! preliminary experiments in audio restaurant reviews (2010)

In this paper, we introduce a new envisioned application for speech which allows users to enter restaurant reviews orally via their mobile device, and, at a later time, update a shared and growing database of consumer-provided information about restaurants. During the intervening period, a speech recognition and NLP based system has analyzed their audio recording both to extract key descriptive phrases and to compute sentiment ratings based on the evidence provided in the audio clip. We report here on our preliminary work moving towards this goal. Our experiments demonstrate that multi-aspect sentiment ranking works surprisingly well on speech output, even in the presence of recognition errors. We also present initial experiments on integrated sentence boundary detection and key phrase extraction from recognition output.
Effects of SIB‐1508Y, a novel neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, on motor behavior in parkinsonian monkeys (1998)

The potential antiparkinsonian effects of the centrally acting, subtype-selective neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist (S)-(-)-5-ethynyl-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-pyridine (SIB-1508Y) was assessed on motor symptoms and disability scale ratings in three monkeys previously made parkinsonian by chronic exposure to the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Compared with levodopa (L-dopa), SIB-1508Y exerted only mild antiparkinsonian effects when administered alone. Emetic effects of this drug interfered with potential therapeutic effects at higher doses. However, when a low, ineffective dose of SIB-1508Y was combined with low, ineffective doses of L-dopa, a significant clinical effect was observed. These data suggest that subtype-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists may hold promise as antiparkinsonian agents, and when administered in combination with L-dopa may allow a reduction in the dose of L-dopa needed to achieve a significant clinical effect.
Identification of Adenovirus (Ad) Penton Base Neutralizing Epitopes by Use of Sera from Patients Who Had Received Conditionally Replicative Ad (Ad <i>dl</i> 1520) for Treatment of Liver Tumors (2003)

Sera from 17 patients with primary and secondary liver tumors who had been administered oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) mutant Addl1520 were analyzed for anti-Ad neutralization titers and antibodies to the Ad major capsid proteins hexon, penton base (Pb), and fiber. The antibodies recognized mainly conformational epitopes in hexon and both linear and conformational epitopes in Pb and fiber. Pb-specific antibodies were isolated from serum samples that had been obtained prior to and during the course of the treatment of four of these patients. We found that the Pb antibodies had a significant contribution toward anti-Ad neutralization, and this mainly occurred at the step of virus internalization. The Pb antigenic epitopes were determined by phage biopanning and were mapped to 10 discrete regions, which made up three major immunodominant domains within residues 51 to 120, 193 to 230, and 311 to 408, respectively. One of these domains (residues 311 to 408) overlapped the highly conserved, integrin-binding RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) motif. The contribution of antibodies directed to RGD and other epitopes in Ad neutralization activity was determined indirectly by using a phage-mediated depletion assay. Our results suggested that circulating RGD antibodies were not prevalent and were poorly neutralizing and that other peptide motifs within residues 51 to 60, 216 to 226, and 311 to 408 in Pb sequence represented major target sites for neutralizing antibodies.
Fas-mediated liver damage in MRL hemopoietic chimeras undergoing <i>lpr</i> -mediated graft-versus-host disease (1997)

Fas is an apoptosis-signaling receptor that triggers cell death upon binding to its ligand (FasL). Autoimmune-prone MRL/lpr mice, characterized by a spontaneous mutation of Fas, exhibit a defect in the activation-induced cell death of mature T cells through a Fas-mediated pathway. As a consequence of this defect, activated T cells accumulating in this strain overexpress the FasL and can therefore mediate in vitro Fas-dependent cytotoxicity. To determine whether hepatic injury could be the result of an interaction between T lymphocytes bearing FasL and Fas-expressing liver cells, the livers of lethally irradiated MRL+/+ recipients reconstituted with MRL/lpr lymphoid cells were studied. After transfer of MRL/lpr spleen cells, livers were infiltrated by polyclonal CD8+ T lymphocytes of lpr origin with a peak on day 21 postgrafting. These donor-derived intrahepatic lymphocytes overexpressed the FasL and exerted in vitro Fas-mediated cytotoxicity against Fas+ thymocytes, which was specifically inhibited by soluble recombinant Fas in a dose-dependent manner. These intrahepatic lymphocytes induced apoptosis in vitro, irrespective of MHC restriction, in Fas-expressing primary cultured hepatocytes. Histologic examination of the liver revealed severe endothelialitis as well as periportal and intralobular infiltrations of activated lymphocytes with apoptotic hepatocytes in their vicinity. Simultaneously, liver damage was ascertained by elevated serum transaminase levels. These observations support the notion that an Ag-independent mechanism involving FasL may play a role in certain liver pathologies.
Cytochrome P450 diversification and hostplant utilization patterns in specialist and generalist moths: Birth, death and adaptation (2017)

Across insect genomes, the size of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) gene superfamily varies widely. CYPome size variation has been attributed to reciprocal adaptive radiations in insect detoxification genes in response to plant biosynthetic gene radiations driven by co-evolution between herbivores and their chemically defended hostplants. Alternatively, variation in CYPome size may be due to random "birth-and-death" processes, whereby exponential increase via gene duplications is limited by random decay via gene death or transition via divergence. We examined CYPome diversification in the genomes of seven Lepidoptera species varying in host breadth from monophagous (Bombyx mori) to highly polyphagous (Amyelois transitella). CYPome size largely reflects the size of Clan 3, the clan associated with xenobiotic detoxification, and to some extent phylogenetic age. Consistently across genomes, families CYP6, CYP9 and CYP321 are most diverse and CYP6AB, CYP6AE, CYP6B, CYP9A and CYP9G are most diverse among subfamilies. Higher gene number in subfamilies is due to duplications occurring primarily after speciation and specialization ("P450 blooms"), and the genes are arranged in clusters, indicative of active duplicating loci. In the parsnip webworm, Depressaria pastinacella, gene expression levels in large subfamilies are high relative to smaller subfamilies. Functional and phylogenetic data suggest a correlation between highly dynamic loci (reflective of extensive gene duplication, functionalization and in some cases loss) and the ability of enzymes encoded by these genes to metabolize hostplant defences, consistent with an adaptive, nonrandom process driven by ecological interactions.
Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Infection with TT Virus in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (2000)

No clear association between human disease and TT virus (TTV) has been documented. A possible pathogenic role of TTV was investigated in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). TTV serum concentrations were estimated in 185 HIV-infected patients by dilution polymerase chain reaction. Of these, 149 (76%) were TTV-positive, compared with 18 (7%) of 252 Danish blood donors (P<. 001). Of the HIV-infected patients who were TTV-positive, 72 (51%) had high TTV viremia (>/=5 times the highest concentration observed among blood donors, i.e., >/=3.5x105 TTV/mL of serum). High TTV viremia was associated with decreased survival (P<.001; relative hazard [RH], 2.0). There was a correlation between lower CD4+ T cell counts and higher TTV titers (P<.01). In a Cox regression model, CD4+ T cell count (P<.001), age (P<.001), HIV viral load (P<.001), beta2 microglobulin (P<.02), and high TTV viremia (P<.01; RH, 1.9) were independent predictors of survival. TTV is suspected to be an opportunistic pathogen with an independent influence on HIV progression.
Importance Estimation for Neural Network Pruning (2019)

Structural pruning of neural network parameters reduces computational, energy, and memory transfer costs during inference. We propose a novel method that estimates the contribution of a neuron (filter) to the final loss and iteratively removes those with smaller scores. We describe two variations of our method using the first and second-order Taylor expansions to approximate a filter's contribution. Both methods scale consistently across any network layer without requiring per-layer sensitivity analysis and can be applied to any kind of layer, including skip connections. For modern networks trained on ImageNet, we measured experimentally a high (>93%) correlation between the contribution computed by our methods and a reliable estimate of the true importance. Pruning with the proposed methods led to an improvement over state-of-the-art in terms of accuracy, FLOPs, and parameter reduction. On ResNet-101, we achieve a 40% FLOPS reduction by removing 30% of the parameters, with a loss of 0.02% in the top-1 accuracy on ImageNet.
Design of Resonant Soft-Switching Grid-Connected Inverter (2012)

This paper discusses the topology requirements of the small power photovoltaic grid-connected inverter,and introduces several typical topologies,moreover,points out the advantages and disadvantages,efficiency and applicable occasions of the various topologies. In this paper,a single-phase full-bridge grid-connected inverter topology(DC/AC) is designed. The soft-switching technology is employed on the topology for reducing switching loss. The topology can realizes zero voltage switching when the main switch turns on and turns off and zero current switching when auxiliary switch and the power diode turns on and turns off.The converter has higher efficiency than other topologies.
Tempicol-2 (4-hydroxy-4-(2-picolyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl), a stable free radical, is a novel member of nitroxide class of antioxidants and anticancer agents. (1998)

As a part of our studies on the chemical, biochemical and pharmacological characteristics of the newly synthesized antioxidants, nitroxide derivatives, we designed a novel nitroxide, named Tempicol-2. Its capacity to act as antioxidant of potential pharmacological application was tested in three model systems: xanthine/xanthine oxidase, iron- and ascorbate Fenton reaction(s) and gamma-radiolysis. The antioxidant properties of Tempicol-2 as a function of concentration were compared with those previously characterized nitroxide derivatives Tempace and Rutoxyl which we had synthesized. The possibility of one-electron reduction of the novel substance by ascorbic acid was also examined and compared. The ability of Tempicol-2 to act as anticancer agent in vivo was also investigated in pharmacologic tests. The administration of Tempicol-2 to rats bearing 3 day-old Yoshida Sarcoma (promotion phase) led to both growth inhibition and the induction of apoptotic cells(s) death, comparable to the effects of Tempace and Rutoxyl under the same experimental conditions. Our results confirmed the suggested involvement of free radicals in the pathogenesis of model. Yoshida Sarcoma, thus indicating that anticancer activity of the investigated nitroxides may indirectly involve an antioxidant mechanism. The results reported here are encouraging as we find a limited correlation between the molecular redox properties, structure of nitroxides and their antitumor action. Tempicol-2, similarly to Tempace and Rutoxyl, is a promising antioxidant which can induce apoptosis, thus providing the basis for further investigations of the concentration and phase-dependent effects and the exact mechanisms of nitroxide(s) apoptotic action using cell line(s) model.
Indices for Projecting Emergence of Corn Rootworm Adults in Michigan12 (1978)

Journal Article Indices for Projecting Emergence of Corn Rootworm Adults in Michigan Get access Robert F. Ruppel, Robert F. Ruppel Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Howard L. Russell, Howard L. Russell Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Samuel J. Jennings Samuel J. Jennings Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 71, Issue 6, 1 December 1978, Pages 947–949, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/71.6.947 Published: 01 December 1978 Article history Received: 31 May 1978 Published: 01 December 1978
Inhibitory antimicrobial concentrations against <i>Campylobacter pylori</i> in gastric mucosa (1988)

Gastric mucosal concentrations of erythromycin, amoxycillin, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin were determined in patients at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 38-480 min after a 500 mg dose of erythromycin ethyl succinate, erythromycin stearate, amoxycillin, pivampicillin or ciprofloxacin. All the agents attained concentrations greater than the MIC 90 for Campylobacter pylori. The macrolides attained the lowest concentrations. There was no significant difference between concentrations attained with erythromycin ethyl succinate and stearate. High concentrations were attained by amoxycillin (range 14.6-322 mg/kg) and pivampicillin (range 47.5-209 mg/kg). Ciprofloxacin attained very high concentrations (range 35-1762 mg/kg); inhibitory concentrations 35 mg/kg) were still present at 6 h after the dose. Ciprofloxacin and erythromycin are ineffective in vivo despite these high gastric mucosal concentrations. Penetration into the gastric mucus and crypts where C. pylori is found will be determined by physicochemical properties of the antimicrobials, such as pKa, stability, activity over a wide range of pH, and lipid solubility.
Design of ultrawideband photonic crystals forbroadband antenna applications (1994)

Face-centred-cubic photonic crystals with overlapping stop bands are stacked in tandem to obtain an ultrawideband photonic crystal. This crystal has a stop band that extends from 16 to at least 25 GHz and has a minimum rejection of ~7 dB at normal incidence. Different stacking configurations have been studied, and cavity modes between nonadjacent crystals with overlapping stop bands have been observed.
Proteome changes in the initial bacterial colonist during ecological succession in an acid mine drainage biofilm community (2011)

Proteomes of acid mine drainage biofilms at different stages of ecological succession were examined to understand microbial responses to changing community membership. We evaluated the degree of reproducibility of the community proteomes between samples of the same growth stage and found stable and predictable protein abundance patterns across time and sampling space, allowing for a set of 50 classifier proteins to be identified for use in predicting growth stages of undefined communities. Additionally, physiological changes in the dominant species, Leptospirillum Group II, were analysed as biofilms mature. During early growth stages, this population responds to abiotic stresses related to growth on the acid mine drainage solution. Enzymes involved in protein synthesis, cell division and utilization of 1- and 2-carbon compounds were more abundant in early growth stages, suggesting rapid growth and a reorganization of metabolism during biofilm initiation. As biofilms thicken and diversify, external stresses arise from competition for dwindling resources, which may inhibit cell division of Leptospirillum Group II through the SOS response. This population also represses translation and synthesizes more complex carbohydrates and amino acids in mature biofilms. These findings provide unprecedented insight into the physiological changes that may result from competitive interactions within communities in natural environments.
Real Time Data Mining (2011)

Data mining is about explaining the past and predicting the future by exploring and analyzing data. Data mining is a multi-disciplinary field which combines statistics, machine learning, artificial intelligence and database technology. Although data mining algorithms are widely used in extremely diverse situations, in practice, one or more major limitations almost invariably appear and significantly constrain successful data mining applications. Frequently, these problems are associated with large increases in the rate of generation of data, the quantity of data and the number of attributes (variables) to be processed: Increasingly, the data situation is now beyond the capabilities of conventional data mining methods. The term Real Time is used to describe how well a data mining algorithm can accommodate an ever increasing data load instantaneously. Upgrading conventional data mining to real time data mining is through the use of a method termed the Real Time Learning Machine or RTLM. The use of the RTLM with conventional data mining methods enables Real Time Data Mining. The future of predictive modeling belongs to real time data mining and the main motivation in authoring this book is to help you to understand the method and to implement it for your applications.
Hemophilic dog model for evaluating therapeutic effectiveness of plasma protein fractions (1981)

Therapeutic effectiveness of factor VIII inhibitor bypassing materials has been evaluated in dogs with hemophilia A. A standardized template gingival biopsy was performed using local anesthesia. Hemophilic dogs bled extensively from the biopsy site, whereas in normal dogs the wound was sealed within 5 + /- 2 min. If untreated, the hemophilic dogs frequently bled for several days. Factor VIII infusion stopped the bleeding promptly. Some experimental preparations of factor VIII inhibitor bypassing materials were shown to be therapeutically effective, whereas others were not. Intravascular thrombi could not be demonstrated histologically. The model should prove useful for evaluating factor VIII inhibitor bypassing materials and also for evaluating their mechanism of action.
Comparative evaluation of a new bedside faecal occult blood test in a prospective multicentre study (2005)

This bedside immunochemical strip test proved to be a simple, convenient, non-cumbersome and accurate tool with similar performance characteristics for detection of any bleeding lesion including colorectal neoplasia when compared with an established immunochemical faecal occult blood test.
17.5% p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact (2005)

Thin hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layers deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) are used as both emitters and back contacts in silicon heterojunction solar cells. Low interface recombination velocity and high open-circuit voltage are achieved by a low substrate temperature (<150 deg C) intrinsic a-Si:H deposition which ensures immediate amorphous silicon deposition. This is followed by deposition of doped a-Si:H at a higher temperature (>200 deg C) which appears to improve dopant activation. With an i/n a-Si:H emitter, we obtain a confirmed efficiency of 17.1% on textured p-type float-zone (FZ) silicon with a screen-printed aluminum back-surface-field (Al-BSF) contact. Employing a-Si:H as both the front emitter and the back contact, we achieve a confirmed efficiency of 17.5%, the highest reported efficiency for a p-type c-Si based heterojunction solar cell.
Partition of Blood Flow to the Cutaneous and Muscular Beds of the Forearm at Rest and during Leg Exercise in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Heart Failure (1969)

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative effects of various levels of exercise on blood flow to skin and muscle of the resting extremity of normal subjects and the manner in which this distribution is modified by congestive heart failure. Blood flow to the skin and muscle of the forearm was determined plethysmographically with the aid of epinephrine iontophoresis at rest and during supine leg exercise in 12 normal subjects and in 9 patients with failure. In normal resting subjects, forearm blood flow averaged 6.30 ml/min/100 ml, 52% partitioned to muscle and 48% to skin. In the patients, forearm blood flow averaged 2.94 ml/min/100 ml, with 48% to muscle and 52% to skin. In normal subjects performing mild exercise, forearm muscle flow was not significantly changed, but during moderate and strenuous activity it was significantly reduced. Cutaneous blood flow, however, declined early at all levels of exertion. In the normal subjects, cutaneous hyperemia occurred late during moderate exercise but with strenuous exercise, was delayed until after exercise had been discontinued. In contrast, in the patients, forearm muscle blood flow decreased strikingly during leg exercise, cutaneous flow fell and remained depressed during the entire period of exercise, and no postexercise hyperemia occurred. Thus, in congestive heart failure, both the cutaneous and muscle beds of the forearm are abnormally constricted at rest, there is excessive vasoconstriction in both beds during leg exercise, and postexercise cutaneous vasodilation is abolished.