gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Behavior of the Zinc Electrode in Alkaline Solutions: IV . The Effect of Ionic Strength in the Tafel Region (1980)

Potentiostatic pulses have been used to obtain information about the behavior of the zinc electrode in the Tafel region. The form of the current transients obtained has been analyzed and an interpretation of it is given. Changes in the current density of zinc at a given potential have been noted as the ionic strength of the electrolyte is altered. This has been done for solutions containing high and low concentrations of OH− ion. The current density values are only slightly affected by changes in ionic strength except that as the ionic strength increases, the results tend to become more erratic.
Total Synthesis of Iejimalide B (2011)

Iejimalide B, a structurally unique 24-membered polyene macrolide having a previously underutilized mode of anticancer activity, was synthesized according to a strategy employing Julia-Kocienski olefinations, a palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction, a palladium-catalyzed Marshall propargylation, a Keck-type esterification, and a palladium-catalyzed macrolide-forming, intramolecular Stille coupling of a highly complex cyclization substrate. The overall synthesis is efficient (19.5% overall yield for 15 linear steps) and allows for more practical scaled-up synthesis than previously reported strategies that differed in the order of assembly of key subunits and in the method of macrocyclization. The present synthesis paves the way for efficient preparation of analogues for drug development efforts.
alpha 1-adrenergic agonists precondition rabbit ischemic myocardium independent of adenosine by direct activation of protein kinase C. (1994)

Ischemic preconditioning in the rabbit is initiated by adenosine A1-receptor stimulation, which activates protein kinase C (PKC). Additionally, alpha 1-adrenergic agonists can similarly protect ischemic myocardium, but there has been confusion about the role adenosine receptors play in this protection. To characterize the interaction between adrenergic and adenosine receptors and to study the possible role of PKC in this protection, we used isolated rabbit hearts perfused with oxygenated Krebs' buffer. All hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of regional myocardial ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion. Infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium staining. Pharmacologic preconditioning in hearts with a 5-minute phenylephrine (PE) infusion 10 minutes before the prolonged regional ischemia resulted in significantly smaller infarcts (9.7 +/- 1.3% of risk area) than in control hearts (31.0 +/- 2.6%, P < .05). This protection could be effectively blocked by administration of the alpha-adrenergic blocker phenoxybenzamine. Methoxamine, an alpha 1a-selective agonist, failed to protect, whereas the alpha 1b-selective antagonist chloroethylclonidine aborted the protective effect of PE. Polymyxin B, an inhibitor of PKC, also blocked the protective effect of PE, implying that PKC has an important role in preconditioning. The adenosine receptor blocker 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (SPT) given at the same time as the PE infusion did not affect the protection, implying that an alpha 1-agonist could initiate protection independent of adenosine, presumably by direct coupling to PKC. However, the protective effect of PE could be blocked if SPT were administered during the 30-minute regional ischemia. This observation suggested that adenosine receptor occupancy is necessary during long ischemia to reactivate PKC and mediate the protection. However, the addition of a second PE infusion beginning 5 minutes before and continuing throughout the long ischemic period restored the protective effect of PE despite the presence of SPT. Thus, as long as at least one of the receptors (alpha 1-adrenegic or adenosine A1) is activated during long ischemia, protection will be realized. These data indicate that alpha 1 receptors do not precondition through an adenosine intermediate but that alpha 1-adrenergic and adenosine receptors activate parallel pathways within the myocyte that can trigger and mediate protection.
Sequence-Specific Labeling of Superhelical DNA by Triple Helix Formation and Psoralen Crosslinking (1996)

Site-specific labeling of covalently closed circular DNA was achieved by using triple helix-forming oligonucleotides 10, 11 and 27 nt in length. The sequences consisted exclusively of pyrimidines (C and T) with a reactive psoralen at the 5'-end and a biotin at the 3'-end. The probes were directed to different target sites on the plasmids pUC18 (2686 bp), pUC18/4A (2799 bp) and pUC1 8/4A-H 1 (2530 bp). After triple helix formation at acid pH the oligonucleotides were photocrosslinked to the target DNAs via the psoralen moiety, endowing the covalent adduct with unconditional stability, e.g. under conditions unfavorable for preservation of the triplex, such as neutral pH. Complex formation was monitored after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (SAP)-induced chemiluminescence. The yield of triple helix increased with the molar ratio of oligonucleotide to target and the length of the probe sequence (27mer > 11mer). The covalent adduct DNA were visualized by scanning force microscopy (SFM) using avidin or streptavidin as protein tags for the biotin group on the oligonucleotide probes. We discuss the versatility of triple helix DNA complexes for studying the conformation of superhelical DNA.
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cortical Multiple Sclerosis Pathology (2012)

Although significant improvements have been made regarding the visualization and characterization of cortical multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cortical lesions (CL) continue to be under-detected in vivo, and we have a limited understanding of the causes of GM pathology. The objective of this study was to characterize the MRI signature of CLs to help interpret the changes seen in vivo and elucidate the factors limiting their visualization. A quantitative 3D high-resolution (350 μm isotropic) MRI study at 3 Tesla of a fixed post mortem cerebral hemisphere from a patient with MS is presented in combination with matched immunohistochemistry. Type III subpial lesions are characterized by an increase in T1, T2 and M0, and a decrease in MTR in comparison to the normal appearing cortex (NAC). All quantitative MR parameters were associated with cortical GM myelin content, while T1 showed the strongest correlation. The histogram analysis showed extensive overlap between CL and NAC for all MR parameters and myelin content. This is due to the poor contrast in myelin content between CL and NAC in comparison to the variability in myelo-architecture throughout the healthy cortex. This latter comparison is highlighted by the representation of T1 times on cortical surfaces at several laminar depths.
Bupropion in Depression (1988)

We studied the steady-state pharmacokinetics of bupropion hydrochloride, a unicyclic aminoketone antidepressant, in depressed patients. The metabolites hydroxybupropion (HB), threohydrobupropion, and erythrohydrobupropion predominated over the parent compound in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid at steady state. Plasma concentrations of each metabolite correlated with cerebrospinal fluid concentrations. Higher plasma metabolite concentrations were associated with poor clinical outcome. This relationship was most striking with HB; plasma HB levels were greater than 1250 ng/mL in all five nonresponders and less than 1200 ng/mL in all seven responders. Plasma HB levels correlated with postreatment plasma homovanillic acid levels. High levels of bupropion metabolites may be associated with poor clinical outcome due to toxic effects involving dopaminergic systems. Alternatively, a curvilinear dose-response relationship may exist for bupropion metabolites. Future studies should explore the clinical utility of plasma metabolite measurements in enhancing the efficacy of treatment with bupropion.
A Planning Mechanism for Generating Story Text (1991)

All automatic text generating systems must confront problems of sentence content and surface form, while systems that generate complete discourse face the additional difficulty of maintaining a logical and coherent flow of ideas Non-interactive systems must further be able to address these difficulties without human provocation or control. This paper outlines a computer program that addresses these problems through the process of telling stories Coherent story text is generated by taking advantage of an analogy between game-playing and storytelling. An environment is created where characters must escape from difficult predicaments, and the exploits of the characters and their attempts to solve problems are used as input for the generation of natural language text Logical story plots emerge from the adoption of game-playing strategies as a models for planning speech acts.
Viroporin activity of murine hepatitis virus E protein (2005)

The viroporin activity of the E protein from murine hepatitis virus (MHV), a member of the coronaviruses, was analyzed. Viroporins are a growing family of viral proteins able to enhance membrane permeability, promoting virus budding. Initially, the MHV E gene was inducibly expressed in Escherichia coli cells, leading to the arrest of bacterial growth, cell lysis and permeabilization to different compounds. Thus, exit of labeled nucleotides from E. coli cells to the cytoplasm was apparent upon expression of MHV E. In addition, enhanced entry of the antibiotic hygromycin B occurred at levels comparable to those observed with the viroporin 6K from Sindbis virus. Mammalian cells are also readily permeabilized by the expression of MHV E protein. Finally, brefeldin A powerfully blocks the viroporin activity of the E protein in BHK cells, suggesting that an intact vesicular system is necessary for this coronavirus to permeabilize mammalian cells.
Automatic Construction of Building Footprints From Airborne LIDAR Data (2006)

This paper presents a framework that applies a series of algorithms to automatically extract building footprints from airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) measurements. In the proposed framework, the ground and nonground LIDAR measurements are first separated using a progressive morphological filter. Then, building measurements are identified from nonground measurements using a region-growing algorithm based on the plane-fitting technique. Finally, raw footprints for segmented building measurements are derived by connecting boundary points, and the raw footprints are further simplified and adjusted to remove noise caused by irregularly spaced LIDAR measurements. Data sets from urbanized areas including large institutional, commercial, and small residential buildings were employed to test the proposed framework. A quantitative analysis showed that the total of omission and commission errors for extracted footprints for both institutional and residential areas was about 12%. The results demonstrated that the proposed framework identified building footprints well
Designing for patient-centered care--making it happen in today's marketplace. (1997)

It's more than just "muffins and massage," Laura Gilpin says of the Planetree program. It's a new level of awareness of patients' concerns and needs. That level of awareness is carried to the patients' surroundings, calm, home-like and friendly to visitors. Caregivers at Griffin Hospital in Derby, Conn.; Mid-Columbia Medical Center in The Dalles, Ore.; and Bergan Mercy Medical Center in Omaha, Neb., tell of their experiences and their commitment to this more humanistic approach to patient care. And the cost can be little more than the cost of traditional care.
Performance analysis of deflection routing in the Manhattan Street network (2002)

The deflection routing strategy is similar to the 'hot-potato' technique and has been proposed for high-speed networks. An analytic model has been developed to study the performance of unbuffered and buffered deflection routing in regular networks, like the Manhattan Street network. This model is extremely accurate, as can be seen from the comparison with simulation results. The results show that the Manhattan Street network performs well under a heavy load; the introduction of a few buffers improves the throughput and delay in the network to a great extent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors in Mouse Spleen: Identification, Autoradiographic Localization, and Regulation by Divalent Cations and Guanine Nucleotides* (1988)

The radioligand [125I-Tyro]ovine CRF [( 125I] oCRF) was used to identify, characterize, and localize CRF receptors in a crude homogenate of mouse spleen. The binding was linear with increasing membrane protein concentration, saturable, and of high affinity. Scatchard analysis of [125I]oCRF saturation curves revealed a high affinity component with an apparent dissociation constant of 0.26 nM and a maximum receptor concentration of 8.74 fmol/mg protein. The relative affinities of various CRF-related and unrelated peptides at the [125I]oCRF-binding site in spleen correlate well with their reported potencies in eliciting ACTH release from the pituitary and their relative affinities for CRF receptors in brain. Consistent with a coupling of splenic CRF receptors to a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein, the binding of [125I]oCRF was increased by magnesium ions and decreased by guanine nucleotides in both mouse spleen and brain. Saturation analysis of [125I]oCRF binding at 0, 1, and 10 mM MgCl2, 10 mM MgCl2 plus 200 microM GTP, and 10 mM MgCl2 plus 50 microM 5'-guanylimidodiphosphate indicated that high affinity [125I]oCRF binding in both brain and spleen requires Mg2+; however, subtle differences were observed in the degree of sensitivity and mechanisms by which Mg2+ and guanine nucleotides regulated specific binding of [125I]oCRF to brain and spleen. Autoradiographic studies indicated that [125I]oCRF-binding sites were primarily localized to the red pulp and marginal zone regions of the spleen, which are known to contain high concentrations of macrophages. The absence of [125I]oCRF-binding sites in the periarteriolar and peripheral follicular white pulp regions suggests that neither T nor B lymphocytes have specific CRF-binding sites. In summary, we have identified a high affinity, magnesium-dependent, and guanine nucleotide-sensitive binding site for CRF in mouse spleen which appears to be localized primarily in splenic macrophages.
Aromatic clusters: a determinant of thermal stability of thermophilic proteins (2000)

A number of factors have been elucidated as responsible for the thermal stability of thermophilic proteins. However, the contribution of aromatic interactions to thermal stability has not been systematically studied. In the present investigation we used a graph spectral method to identify aromatic clusters in a dataset of 24 protein families for which the crystal structures of both the thermophilic and their mesophilic homologues are known. Our analysis shows a presence of additional aromatic clusters or enlarged aromatic networks in 17 different thermophilic protein families, which are absent in the corresponding mesophilic homologue. The additional aromatic clusters identified in the thermophiles are smaller in size and are largely found on the protein surface. The aromatic clusters are found to be relatively rigid regions of the surface and often the additional aromatic cluster is located close to the active site of the thermophilic enzyme. The residues in the additional aromatic clusters are preferably mutated to Leu, Ser or Ile in the mesophilic homologue. An analysis of the packing geometry of the pairwise aromatic interaction in the additional aromatic clusters shows a preference for a T-shaped orthogonal packing geometry. The present study also provides new insights for protein engineers to design thermostable and thermophilic proteins.
Modelling Speech Quality for NB and WB SILK Codec for VoIP Applications (2011)

In the last decade, VoIP telephony has gained a tremendous popularity. Skype is one of the most successful and popular VoIP services which has inspired a new generation of VoIP and multimedia users. SILK speech codec is the latest development by Skype and has been integrated into the current version of Skype and is expected to be incorporated into new and emerging mobile devices such as iphone and soft phones. One of the major challenges in every VoIP service is to find an easily accessible objective quality model to predict/measure the perceived speech quality or the degree of user satisfaction. In this paper, we present a regression-based model to quantify the speech quality of the wideband (WB) and narrowband (NB) SILK codec for VoIP applications. The developed model uses the network level parameter (i.e., packet loss) and the application level parameter (i.e., send bit rate) to predict the perceived voice quality in terms of the Mean Opinion Score (MOS). Subjective tests were also carried out to validate the model and good accuracy was achieved (97% for wideband and 91% for narrowband). The developed model can be easily implemented in soft phones or mobile devices to predict voice quality for SILK codec in VoIP applications and can also be used for real-time adaptation and control of VoIP applications to further explore the adaptive feature of the SILK codec in future mobile devices or softphones.
A SERS Optophysiological Probe for the Real‐Time Mapping and Simultaneous Determination of the Carbonate Concentration and pH Value in a Live Mouse Brain (2019)

Abstract To have a profound understanding of the physiological and pathological processes in a brain, both chemical and electrical signals need to be recorded, but this is still very challenging. Herein, micrometer‐ to nanometer‐sized SERS optophysiological probes were created to determine both the CO 3 2− concentration and the pH in live brains and neurons because both species play important roles in regulating the acid–base balance in the brain. A ratiometric SERS microarray of eight microprobes with tip sizes of 5 μm was established and used for the first time for real‐time mapping and simultaneous quantification of CO 3 2− and pH in a live brain. We found that both the CO 3 2− concentration and the pH value dramatically decreased under ischemic conditions. The present SERS technique can be combined with electrophysiology without cross‐talk to record both electrical and chemical signals in brains. To deepen our understanding of the mechanism of ischemia on the single‐cell level, a SERS nanoprobe with a tip size of 200 nm was developed for use in a single neuron.
Tuning Solid-State Photoluminescence Frequencies and Efficiencies of Oligomers Containing One Central Thiophene-<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>-dioxide Unit (2000)

We have synthesized thienylene- and phenylene-based oligomers displaying solid-state photoluminescence efficiencies up to 70% and photoluminescence frequencies which cover the entire visible range. All compounds contain one central nonaromatic thienyl-1,1-dioxide moiety in the main chain. The tuning of the light-emission frequency was achieved by progressively varying the degree of π−π electron delocalization between the nonaromatic moiety and the α-linked aromatic rings. All compounds displayed greater electron affinities than thienylene or phenylene oligomers of comparable lengths, as deduced from the reduction potentials measured by cyclic voltammetry.
A Monte Carlo analysis of a write method used in passive nanoelectronic crossbars (2012)

The performance of a method for robustly writing conductive states into resistive switches is analyzed. The focus is set on the variability of the conductance distribution which has a strong impact on the signal margin and the robustness of the circuit performance. In order to be able to capture cycle-to-cycle as well as device-to-device variability an existing device model for ECM cells was extended and prepared to be executable on standard circuit simulation platforms. The ECM devices were embedded into a passive crossbar whereby electrical worst case conditions were identified by Monte Carlo simulations. Under the constraint of specified signal margins to be maintained for the read operation the underlying write circuit was optimized.
AlN wideband energy harvesters with wafer-level vacuum packaging utilizing three-wafer bonding (2017)

This paper experimentally demonstrates an aluminum nitride (AlN) based piezoelectric MEMS energy harvester (EH) with an operation bandwidth of 64.6Hz (859.9Hz-924.5Hz, 7.24%), peak output open-circuit voltage of 4.43V, and an output power of 82.24μW that yields a high power density of 0.734mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> with its size of 0.8×0.8×0.175cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The in-house microfabricated wideband EH is packaged using a novel wafer-level vacuum packaging scheme which employs two times of eutectic AlGe bonding to bond the device wafer to both the top cap wafer and the bottom cap wafer. In addition, Ti is employed as the getter material to enhance the vacuum level inside the cavity, hence reducing the air damping experienced by the cantilevers and increasing the quality factor (Q-factor) and output voltage. The reported EH is a promising candidate in the application of Internet of Things (IoT) to for powering various wireless sensor nodes (WSN) which are located in environment with a wide range of vibration frequencies.
Restricted T cell receptor usage in DA rats during early collagen‐induced arthritis (1994)

We have investigated the usage of T cell receptor (TcR) V beta gene structures in DA rats undergoing homologous collagen-induced arthritis induced by immunization with homologous collagen type II emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. TcR V beta expression within freshly isolated inflamed synovial tissue (ST) and primary draining lymph nodes was analyzed in a semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. A highly restricted TcR V beta gene expression was observed in ST samples 2 days after onset of clinical disease, with V beta 6, 8.2 and 8.5 comprising more than 60% of the total V beta expression measured. The corresponding primary draining lymph nodes from the diseased animals showed some bias in V beta expression at this time but not as remarkable as that found in ST. One week after onset of disease, consistent V beta gene bias was much less evident in either site. These results indicate that T cells which infiltrate synovia early in disease are highly restricted with respect to V beta expression.
AUTOMOTIVE STIRLING ENGINE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM: OVERVIEW AND STATUS REPORT (1983)

The current status of the automotive-Stirling-engine development program being undertaken by DOE and NASA Lewis is reviewed. The program goals and the reference-engine design are explained, and the modifications introduced to improve performance and lower manufacturing costs are discussed and illustrated, including part-power optimization; increased operating temperature (from 720 to 820 C); 45.4-kg weight reduction; elimination of Co and reduction of Cr used; and improved seals, ceramic components, and high-temperature alloys. The test program, some difficulties encountered, and results after 2042 h are summarized.