gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Single-Chip Video/Audio Codec for Low Bit Rate Application (2000)

In this paper, we present a design of video and audio single chip encoder/decoder for portable multimedia application. The single-chip called as video audio signal processor (VASP) consists of a video signal processing block and an audio signal processing block. This chip has mixed hardware/software architecture to combine performance and flexibility. We designed the chip by partitioning between video and audio block. The video signal processing block was designed to implement hardwired solution of pixel input/output, full pixel motion estimation, half pixel motion estimation, discrete cosine transform, quantization, run length coding, host interface, and 16 bits RISC type internal controller. The audio signal processing block is implemented with software solution using a 16 bits fixed point DSP. This chip contains 142,300 gates, 22 kbits FIFO, 107 kbits SRAM, and 556 kbits ROM, and the chip size is 9.02 mm ×9.06 mm which is fabricated using 0.5 micron 3-layer metal CMOS technology.
A Model for Structure-Based Comparison of Many Categories in Small-Multiple Displays (2013)

Many application domains deal with multi-variate data that consist of both categorical and numerical information. Smallmultiple displays are a powerful concept for comparing such data by juxtaposition. For comparison by overlay or by explicit encoding of computed differences, however, a specification of references is necessary. In this paper, we present a formal model for defining semantically meaningful comparisons between many categories in a small-multiple display. Based on pivotized data that are hierarchically partitioned by the categories assigned to the x and y axis of the display, we propose two alternatives for structure-based comparison within this hierarchy. With an absolute reference specification, categories are compared to a fixed reference category. With a relative reference specification, in contrast, a semantic ordering of the categories is considered when comparing them either to the previous or subsequent category each. Both reference specifications can be defined at multiple levels of the hierarchy (including aggregated summaries), enabling a multitude of useful comparisons. We demonstrate the general applicability of our model in several application examples using different visualizations that compare data by overlay or explicit encoding of differences.
Formation of Carbonaceous Compounds from Propene and Isobutene over a 5A Zeolite. Influence of Temperature on Their Compositions and Locations (1997)

The formation of carbonaceous compounds (“coke”) from propene and isobutene on a 5A zeolite and their effects on the capacity for nitrogen adsorption were investigated in a microbalance system. The operating conditions of coking were as follows: 100−420 °C, pressure of alkene of 0.97 bar, 0.085 g of the 5A zeolite, and operating time from 5 min to 100 h. At low temperatures (100−150 °C), coke constituted mainly of oligomers formed on the acid sites of the zeolite. These oligomers located in the α cages can be removed by thermal treatment in vacuum at high temperatures. The effect on the adsorption capacity was more pronounced for coke formed from isobutene due to the preferential location of oligomers in α cages near the outer surface of the crystallites. At high temperatures (350−420 °C), aromatics and polyaromatics were formed which cannot be removed by a simple thermal treatment. The effect of coke on the adsorption capacity showed that whatever their origin, these coke molecules (most likely the polyaromatic ones) blocked the access of adsorbates to the zeolite pores.
tRNA <sup>Arg</sup> ( <i>fimU</i> ) and Expression of SEF14 and SEF21 in <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> (1998)

A Tn10 insertion affecting SEF14 fimbrial synthesis in Salmonella enteritidis was located 13 bp upstream of a gene designated fimU. The 77-bp DNA sequence of fimU from S. enteritidis was identical to that of fimU encoding tRNA(Arg) (UCU) from Salmonella typhimurium and 96% identical to that of the Escherichia coli argU homolog. Furthermore, the open reading frame adjacent to and overlapping the 3' end of fimU was similar to the prophage DLP12 integrase gene. The fimU-encoded transcript comigrated with total cellular tRNA and was predicted to form a tRNA-like cloverleaf structure containing the arginine anticodon UCU. Thus, fimU encoded a tRNA(Arg) specific for the rare codon AGA. fimU mapped to the SEF21 fim operon located 15 C's from the sef14 gene cluster. Although fimU was located within the SEF21 fim gene cluster, the fimU Tn10 insertion mutant of S. enteritidis was found to be defective in SEF14 as well as SEF21 (type 1) fimbria production. SEF17 and SEF18 fimbria production was not affected. Complementation of this mutant with plasmid-borne fimU restored normal production of the fimbrins SefA and FimA as well as their respective fimbriae SEF14 and SEF21. This is the first description of tRNA simultaneously controlling the production of two distinct fimbriae.
Image reconstruction in quantitative X-ray phase-contrast imaging employing multiple measurements (2007)

X-ray phase-contrast imaging is a technique that aims to reconstruct the projected absorption and refractive index distributions of an object. One common feature of reconstruction formulas for phase-contrast imaging is the presence of isolated Fourier domain singularities, which can greatly amplify the noise levels in the estimated Fourier domain and lead to noisy and/or distorted images in spatial domain. In this article, we develop a statistically optimal reconstruction method that employs multiple (>2) measurement states to mitigate the noise amplification effects due to singularities in the reconstruction formula. Computer-simulation studies are carried out to quantitatively and systematically investigate the developed method, within the context of propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging. The reconstructed images are shown to possess dramatically reduced noise levels and greatly enhanced imaging contrast.
Acceptable Seismic Risks at Nuclear Facilities. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
A Study of Starch Granular Aggregation (1994)

Abstract The aggregation behavior of starch granules during cooking was investigated. Granular aggregation was found to depend mainly on water content and degree of conversion (cooking) of starch. There were threshold values of water content and degree of conversion for powdery starch to undergo a phase transition from a nonaggregated to an aggregated state. A method for determining such threshold values of the transition was developed. A mathematical model was also developed to describe the aggregation behavior of cooked starch. Its potential application to food systems, especially to the simulation of starch extrusion process, was discussed.
HLA and juvenile chronic polyarthritis. (1977)

HLA antigens were determined in 38 patients with juvenile chronic polyarthritis (JCP) and in 1,000 normal controls. The incidence of the antigen B27 in JCP (55.3 per cent) was higher than in the controls (6.7 per cent). Patients with JCP could be further subdivided into four groups: (1) JCP evolving to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (N = 3); (2) JCP with sacroiliitis (SI) (N = 18); (3) JCP without SI (N = 10); and (4) juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) characterized by positive seroloty (N = 7). Groups 1 and 2 had a high incidence of B27 (20/21), as contrasted to groups 3 and 4 (1/17). The sex distribution in groups 1 and 2 was similar to that found in AS in adults, whereas in groups 3 and 4 it was similar to that found in rheumatoid arthritis in adults. It is concluded that if B27 positives develop JCP, they also have a high risk of developing SI and acute uveitis. The authors propose using the term Still's disease for the overall group of children presenting with JCP before the age of 16 years. Subsequent follow-up permits classification into juvenile AS, JCP with SI, JCP without SI, or as JRA.
Studies on Stable Free Radicals. XI. ESR Spectra of Stable Nitroxide Biradicals (1972)

Abstract The ESR spectra of the triplet state of stable nitroxide biradicals, 1,9-diaza-2,2,8,8,10,10-hexamethyl-4-oxospiro[5.5]-undecane-1,9-dioxyl (III), cyclohexane-1-spiro-2′-(4′-oxoimidazolidine)-5′-spiro-4″-(2″,2″,6″,6″-tetramethylpiperidine)-1′, 1″-dioxyl (IV) and cyclohexane-1-spiro-2′-(3′-oxoimidazolidine)-5′-spiro-4″-(2″,2″,-6″,6″-tetramethylpiperidine)-1′,1″-dioxyl (V) have been observed in a frozen MTHF glass. The biradicals have 2D\simeq500 and E\simeq0 gauss. The distance (I\simeq5 Å) between the two radical sites in these biradicals indicates that one piperidine ring can exist in chair form and the other in twisted form in III, and both in the twisted form in IV and V. The biradical, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-spiro-2′-(4′-oxoimidazolidine)-5′-spiro-4″-(2″,2″,-6″,6″-tetramethylpiperidine)-1,1″-dioxyl (VI) in a MTHF frozen glass shows no spectrum corresponding to a triplet state.
Serial In Vivo Observations of Cerebral Vasculature after Treatment with a Large Single Fraction of Radiation (1998)

To test whether single high doses of radiation, similar to those used with radiosurgery, given to normal cerebral vasculature can cause changes in leukocyte-vessel wall interactions and tissue perfusion, a rat pial window model was used to view the cerebral vasculature, facilitating repeated in vivo observations of microcirculatory function. An attachment for a 4 MV linear accelerator was designed to deliver a well-collimated 2.2-mm beam of radiation to a selected region of rat brain. Sequential measurements of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, relative change in blood flow with laser Doppler flowmetry and vessel length density were performed prior to and at 24 h and 3 weeks after treatment with 15, 22.5 or 30 Gy, given in a single fraction. Significant increases in leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were seen 24 h and 3 weeks after irradiation that were dependent on dose, particularly in arteries. Changes were apparent in both arteries and veins at 24 h, but by 3 weeks the effects in arteries predominated. Decreases in vessel length density and blood flow were observed and became greater with time after treatment. A variety of morphological changes were observed in irradiated arteries, including formation of aneurysmal structures, endothelial denudation and thrombus formation. These results suggest that: (1) An increase in leukocyte-vessel wall interactions occurs after irradiation; (2) cerebral arterioles are more sensitive than veins to radiation administered in this fashion; and (3) the increase in leukocyte-vessel wall interactions likely contributes to reduction of or loss of arteriolar flow, with resultant loss of flow to dependent microvascular vessels.
Regulation and Function of Collagen-specific Molecular Chaperone, HSP47. (1996)

Proteins destined for secretion, or for incorporation into membranes, enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) co-translationally, where they fold and assemble into their active conformations. The ER contains several ER-resident proteins that are termed "molecular chaperones" or "folding enzymes". Molecular chaperones, such as HSP70 and GroEL, are involved in the processing and maturation of secretory and membrane proteins; they are thought to associate with folding intermediates or misfolded proteins to prevent nonproductive side reactions such as irreversible aggregation, and they may accelerate the slower steps in the folding process (1, 2).
Trusted Transport Telemetry by Using Distributed Databases (2019)

There are several companies that provide their own hardware and software solutions for the collection and storage of telemetry data from transport. However, how to be sure that the system stores the correct data? There is always the possibility of bribery of employees of the Operator of the telemetry data. In this matter, the use of distributed databases is a reliable solution. Telemetry data from devices immediately gets into the database and can no longer be changed. When using a private distributed databases within the data Operator company, the possibility of various manipulations with the data is still preserved. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the public distributed database Emercoin, one of the functional features of which is the NVS (Name Value Storage), - the ability to write to the database NVS-records of arbitrary content up to 20KB.
Variable expression of the estrogen receptor in normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries of premenopausal women. (1994)

This investigation provides evidence of estrogen receptors in smooth muscle cells from human coronary arteries. The demonstrated relation between the presence of the receptors and the absence of atherosclerosis in premenopausal women suggests that these receptors may play a functional role in coronary atheroprotection.
Long-Wavelength IR Imaging System to Scuba Diver Detection in Three Dimensions (2010)

Port surveillance and especially the monitoring of small vessels within a port has been an important focus in port security, whereby today video-based systems are the main candidates for the surveillance despite their apparent inherent limitations at night. This paper presents the results in our experiments in the Hudson River Estuary utilizing a long-wavelength IR imaging system for the detection of a submerged SCUBA diver in three dimensions. During the experiments, the SCUBA diver was in different diving conditions as well as at different depths. Further data analysis shows the correlation of the diver's IR signature to the diver's depth, which may be used to develop a model to detect the diver's depth.
<i>P-N</i> Junction Formation during Molecular-Beam Epitaxy of Ge-Doped GaAs (1971)

Germanium was used to dope both the n and p layers of GaAs grown when molecular beams containing Ge, Ga, and As2 simultaneously impinged on the substrate surface. The formation of n- or p-type layers is dependent on the ratio of As2/Ga in the molecular beam and the substrate temperature. We describe the process used for the doping as well as the photoluminescence spectra from these layers.
Growth and characterizations of GaN on SiC substrates with buffer layers (1997)

High quality GaN epitaxial layers were grown on 6H–SiC substrates by using low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method. Samples employing a three-period GaN/Al0.08Ga0.92N (100 Å/100 Å) as a buffer layer produce a good quality GaN epitaxial layer, with mobility and carrier concentration of 612 cm2/V⋅s and 1.3×1017 cm−3 (at 300 K), respectively. The enhanced electron mobility in the Al0.08Ga0.92N/GaN heterostructures is also observed. By using the van der Pauw method of Hall measurement, the sheet carrier density and mobility at 4.2 K for the Al0.08Ga0.92N/GaN heterostructure are 5.8×1012 cm−2 and 5300 cm2/V⋅s, respectively. Strong SdH (Shubnikov–de Haas) oscillations were observed to confirm the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) phenomenon at the AlGaN/GaN top heterointerface. In addition, an extra SdH oscillation also resulted from the high-quality 2DEG channel of the GaN/AlGaN bottom heterointerface.
A Model for Estimating the Hydraulic Conductivity of Granular Material Based on Grain Shape, Grain Size, and Porosity (1995)

Abstract A model for delineating the relative importance of particle size, particle shape, and porosity, (and their interactions), in explaining the variability of hydraulic conductivity of a granular porous medium is developed and tested. Three types of porous media are considered in this work: spherical glass beads; granular sand; and irregularly shaped, shredded glass particles. A reliable method for quantifying the three‐dimensional shape and packing of large samples of irregular particles based on their angle of repose is presented. The results of column experiments indicate that in the size range examined (i.e., 149 μm to 2380 μm), the single most important predictor of hydraulic conductivity is seen to be particle size, explaining 69% of the variability. Porous media comprising irregular particles exhibit lower hydraulic conductivity only for the larger (707 to 841 μm) particles. For the smaller (149 to 177 μm) particles, particle shape has no observable influence on hydraulic conductivity. The results of the regression analysis reveal the importance of the interaction between particle size and porosity, indicating that similar pore configurations for a given type of particle are not achieved at different sizes. This empirical model seems to provide better estimates of the hydraulic conductivity of granular porous media comprising irregular particles than selected models based solely on grain size, including Hazen, Kozeny‐Carman, and more recently Alyamani and Sen.
Linear phase‐error correction for improved water and fat separation in dual‐echo dixon techniques (2008)

Large and spatially-linear phase errors along the frequency-encode direction may be induced by several common and hard-to-avoid system imperfections such as eddy currents. For data acquired in dual-echo Dixon techniques, the linear phase error can be more aggravated when compared to that acquired in a single echo and can pose challenges to a phase-correction algorithm necessary for successful Dixon processing. In this work, we propose a two-step process that first corrects the linear component of the phase errors with a modified Ahn-Cho algorithm (Ahn CB and Cho ZH, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 6:32, 1987) and then corrects the residual phase errors with a previously-developed region-growing algorithm (Ma J, Magn. Res. Med. 52:415, 2004). We demonstrate that successive application of the two-step process to data from a dual-echo Dixon technique provides a "1-2 punch" to the overall phase errors and can overcome local water and fat separation failures that are observed when the region-growing-based algorithm is applied alone.
An optimal Cache management framework for information-centric networks with network coding (2014)

The increasing demand for media-rich content has driven many efforts to redesign the Internet architecture. As one of the major candidates, information-centric network (ICN) has attracted significant attention, where in-network cache is a key component in different ICN architectures. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for optimal cache management in ICNs which jointly considers caching strategy and content routing. Specifically, we propose a cache management framework for ICNs based on software-defined networking (SDN) where a controller is responsible for determining the optimal caching strategy and content routing via linear network coding (LNC). Under the proposed cache management framework, we formally formulate the problem of minimizing the network bandwidth cost by jointly considering caching strategy and content routing with LNC. We develop an efficient network coding based cache management (NCCM) algorithm to obtain a near-optimal caching and routing solution for ICNs. We further develop a lower bound of the problem and conduct extensive experiments to compare the performance of the NCCM algorithm with the lower bound. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the NCCM algorithm and framework.
The ALOHA System (1995)

THE ALOHA SYSTEM is composed of a related series of contracts and grants from a variety of funding agencies with principal support from ARPA, which deal with two main themes: computer communications (TASK 1), and computer structures (TASK 2).Under computer-communications there is work in (a) Studies on computer communications using radio and satellites, (b) The development of a prototype radio-linked time-sharing network, (c) System studies and planning for a Pacific area computer communications network linking major universities in the U.S., Japan, Australia and other Pacific countries.Under computer structures, we are engaged in research/development in multiprocessor computing structures, computer networks, and geographically distributed computing systems. This work is being undertaken in two phases: 1) the establishment of a research facility and 2) the research work itself. The research facility is centered around the BCC 500 computing system.
Ultrasonic Detection and Location of Electric Discharges in Insulating Structures [includes discussion] (1956)

This paper describes a simple method for detecting and locating impulse and low-frequency corona, and breakdowns in some types of insulating structures and apparatus. Essentially, it is an adaptation of sonar techniques of triangulation and ranging. For impulse, it is applicable to steep-front and chopped-wave tests as well as full-wave tests. It is capable of locating corona or failures in many cases with accuracy. It is useful primarily for laboratory techniques or applications where ambient background and specimen magnetostriction noises are either known or can be controlled carefully. Its use during factory impulse tests of transformers is limited because of the ultrasonic-magnetostriction noise, which is developed in the core during the voltage application.
WebExperimenter for multiple-choice question generation (2005)

Automatic generation of multiple-choice questions is an emerging topic in application of natural language processing. Particularly, applying it to language testing has been proved to be useful (Sumita et al., 2005).
Handbook of phycological methods : ecological field methods : macroalgae (1985)

Editors' preface Introduction Part I. Environmental Sampling and Monitoring (Major Parameters): 1. Water motion Mark W. Denny 2. Light J. Ramus 3. Nutrients Patricia A. Wheeler Part II. Assessments of Populations and Communities: 4. Collection, handling, preservation, and logistics Roy T. Tsuda and Isabella A. Abbott 5. Electrophoresis Donald P. Cheney 6. Natural products chemistry: uses in ecology and systematics James N. Norris and William H. Fenical 7. Destructive (harvest) sampling Robert E. De Wreede 8. Nondestructive sampling Mark M. Littler and Diane S. Littler 9. Remote sensing and mapping T. Belsher, L. Loubersac and G. Belbeoch 10. Subtidal techniques Michael S. Foster, Thomas A. Dean and Larry E. Deysher 11. Equipment for conducting research in deep waters Sylvia A. Earle 12. Demography A. R. O. Chapman 13. Succession Michael S. Foster and Wayne P. Sousa 14. Biomechanics M. A. R. Koehl and Stephen A. Wainwright 15. Biographical analyses Louis D. Druehl and Robert G. Foottit Part III. Ecological Energetics: 16. Respirometry and manometry Clinton J. Dawes 17. Electrodes and chemicals Mark M. Littler and Keith E. Arnold 18. The carbon-14 method for measuring primary productivity Keith E. Arnold and Mark M. Littler 19. Measurement of photosynthesis by infrared gas analysis John A. Browse 20. carbon allocation Richard G. Buggeln 21. Open-flow systems Donald W. Kinsey 22. Growth patterns and rates Boudewijn H. Brinkhuis 23. Calorimetry Thomas H. Carefoot 24. Nutrient uptake Marilyn M. Harlin and Patricia A. Wheeler Part IV. Biological Interactions: 25. Competition among macroalgae E. J. Denley and P. K. Dayton 26. Herbivory Robert L. Vadas 27. Pathology John H. Andrews and Lynda J. Goff Part V. Appendix: List of suppliers Part VI. Indexes: Author Taxonomic.