gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying Cycle Causes with Enriched Dependency Structural Matrix (2009)

Dependency structure matrix (DSM) has been successfully applied to identify software dependencies among packages and subsystems. A number of algorithms were proposed to compute the matrix so that it highlights patterns and problematic dependencies between subsystems. However, existing DSM implementations often miss important information to fully support reengineering effort. For example, they do not clearly qualify and quantify problematic relationships, information which is crucial to support remediation tasks.In this paper we present enriched DSM (eDSM) where cells are enriched with contextual information about (i) the type of dependencies (inheritance, class reference...), (ii) the proportion of referencing entities, (iii) the proportion of referenced entities. We distinguish independent cycles and stress potentially simple fixes for cycles using coloring information. This work is language independent and has been implemented on top of the Moose reengineering environment. It has been applied to non-trivial case studies among which ArgoUML, and Morphic the UI framework available in two open-source Smalltalks, Squeak and Pharo. Solution to problems identified by eDSM have been performed and retrofitted in Pharo main distribution.
Impacted teeth: prophylactic extractions or not? (1995)

Pathologic changes related to impacted teeth are infrequent. However, considerable damage to bone and adjacent teeth may result if they do occur. Four patients are described in whom different circumstances existed with impacted teeth. Extractions are indicated when the anatomic location of the impacted teeth is most favorable and when the patient's systemic and hematologic condition is least compromising, even if the teeth are asymptomatic at that time.
Mutagenicity Assay in Salmonella for Thirteen 2-Substituted-1H-phenanthro (9,10-<b><i>d</i></b>) Imidazoles (2003)

Some 2-substituted-1 H-phenanthro [9,10-d] imidazole compounds synthesized as a predrugs were tested in mutagenicity assays in Salmonella strains TA97, TA98, and TA100 using a plate incorporation assay both with and without S9 mix. The 10 substances were mutagenic in TA97 and five of them were mutagenic only with metabolic activation, whereas one of them did not require the addition of S9. The eight substances were mutagenic in TA98 only with S9. For TA100, seven substances showed positive results both with and without S9, however another four required S9, whereas only one of them did not required metabolic activation. In summary, all of 13 substances derived from phenanthro [9,10-d] imidazole were found to be mutagenic for at least one or two of the three strains and their mutagenicity are discussed.
Therapeutic target database update 2012: a resource for facilitating target-oriented drug discovery (2011)

Knowledge and investigation of therapeutic targets (responsible for drug efficacy) and the targeted drugs facilitate target and drug discovery and validation. Therapeutic Target Database (TTD, http://bidd.nus.edu.sg/group/ttd/ttd.asp) has been developed to provide comprehensive information about efficacy targets and the corresponding approved, clinical trial and investigative drugs. Since its last update, major improvements and updates have been made to TTD. In addition to the significant increase of data content (from 1894 targets and 5028 drugs to 2025 targets and 17,816 drugs), we added target validation information (drug potency against target, effect against disease models and effect of target knockout, knockdown or genetic variations) for 932 targets, and 841 quantitative structure activity relationship models for active compounds of 228 chemical types against 121 targets. Moreover, we added the data from our previous drug studies including 3681 multi-target agents against 108 target pairs, 116 drug combinations with their synergistic, additive, antagonistic, potentiative or reductive mechanisms, 1427 natural product-derived approved, clinical trial and pre-clinical drugs and cross-links to the clinical trial information page in the ClinicalTrials.gov database for 770 clinical trial drugs. These updates are useful for facilitating target discovery and validation, drug lead discovery and optimization, and the development of multi-target drugs and drug combinations.
Engineering photosynthetic light capture: impacts on improved solar energy to biomass conversion (2007)

The main function of the photosynthetic process is to capture solar energy and to store it in the form of chemical 'fuels'. Increasingly, the photosynthetic machinery is being used for the production of biofuels such as bio-ethanol, biodiesel and bio-H2. Fuel production efficiency is directly dependent on the solar photon capture and conversion efficiency of the system. Green algae (e.g. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) have evolved genetic strategies to assemble large light-harvesting antenna complexes (LHC) to maximize light capture under low-light conditions, with the downside that under high solar irradiance, most of the absorbed photons are wasted as fluorescence and heat to protect against photodamage. This limits the production process efficiency of mass culture. We applied RNAi technology to down-regulate the entire LHC gene family simultaneously to reduce energy losses by fluorescence and heat. The mutant Stm3LR3 had significantly reduced levels of LHCI and LHCII mRNAs and proteins while chlorophyll and pigment synthesis was functional. The grana were markedly less tightly stacked, consistent with the role of LHCII. Stm3LR3 also exhibited reduced levels of fluorescence, a higher photosynthetic quantum yield and a reduced sensitivity to photoinhibition, resulting in an increased efficiency of cell cultivation under elevated light conditions. Collectively, these properties offer three advantages in terms of algal bioreactor efficiency under natural high-light levels: (i) reduced fluorescence and LHC-dependent heat losses and thus increased photosynthetic efficiencies under high-light conditions; (ii) improved light penetration properties; and (iii) potentially reduced risk of oxidative photodamage of PSII.
Fourier finite-difference migration (1994)

Abstract Many existing migration schemes cannot simultaneously handle the two most important problems of migration: imaging of steep dips and imaging in media with arbitrary velocity variations in all directions. For example, phase-shift (ω, k) migration is accurate for nearly all dips but it is limited to very simple velocity functions. On the other hand, finite-difference schemes based on one-way wave equations consider arbitrary velocity functions but they attenuate steeply dipping events. We propose a new hybrid migration method, named “Fourier finite-difference migration,” wherein the downward-continuation operator is split into two downward-continuation operators: one operator is a phase-shift operator for a chosen constant background velocity, and the other operator is an optimized finite-difference operator for the varying component of the velocity function. If there is no variation of velocity, then only a phase-shift operator will be applied auto matically. On the other hand, if there is a strong variation of velocity, then the phase-shift component is suppressed and the optimized finite-difference operator will be fully applied. The cascaded application of phase-shift and finite-difference operators shows a better maximum dip-angle behavior than the split-step Fourier migration operator. Depending on the macro velocity model, the Fourier finite-difference migration even shows an improved performance compared to conventional finite-difference migration with one downward-continuation step. Finite-difference migration with two downward-continuation steps is required to reach the same migration performance, but this is achieved with about 20 percent higher computation costs. The new cascaded operator of the Fourier finite-difference migration can be applied to arbitrary velocity functions and allows an accurate migration of steeply dipping reflectors in a complex macro velocity model. The dip limitation of the cascaded operator depends on the variation of the velocity field and, hence, is velocity-adaptive.
Cigarette Smoking and Other risk Factors for progression of Precancerous Stomach Lesions (1992)

The findings provide strong evidence for a role of tobacco consumption and offer clues to other environmental and genetic factors involved in the process of gastric carcinogenesis.
Regulation by exercise of skeletal muscle content of mitochondria and GLUT4. (2008)

Endurance exercise-training results in an increase in the size and number of mitochondria in the skeletal muscles that are involved in the exercise. In early studies of this phenomenon, long-term training programs of progressively increasing intensity and duration were used. These studies gave the impression that the adaptive increase in mitochondria is a slow process. Recent advances in the understanding of how mitochondrial biogenesis is regulated, have made it possible to study the mechanisms by which exercise regulates mitochondrial biogenesis. These studies have shown that a single bout of exercise induces a rapid increase in mitochondrial biogenesis that is mediated both by activation and by increased expression of a transcription coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha). PGC-1alpha docks on and coactivates transcription factors that regulate expression of nuclear genes that encode mitochondrial proteins and also of the nuclear gene that encodes mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). TFAM regulates mitochondrial DNA transcription. Thus, PGC-1alpha regulates the coordinated expression of mitochondrial proteins encoded in both nuclear and mitochondrial genes. In addition to an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis, exercise induces an increase in the GLUT4 isoform of the glucose transporter. This increase in GLUT4 occurs in parallel with, and is mediated by, the same signals and some of the same transcription factors as the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. Two signals generated during exercise, the increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) and the decrease in high energy phosphates, mediate the activation and increased expression of PGC-1alpha. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of what is known regarding these phenomena.
High Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance of Silicon Carbide Nanowires in the Gigahertz Range (2010)

The electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption properties of 2-mm-thick silicon carbide nanowire (SiCNW)−epoxy composites were studied in the range of 2−40 GHz using a free-space antenna-based system. The 35 wt % SiCNW composites exhibited dual-frequency EM wave absorptions of −31.7 and −9.8 dB at 8.3 and 27 GHz, respectively. The minimum reflection loss of −32.4 dB was achieved at 31.1 GHz for the composites containing 25 wt % SiCNW. A study of the loss mechanism of EM wave absorption suggests the combination of the electric conductance loss caused by network-like SiCNWs in the resin matrix and the relaxation polarization loss in the interfaces of SiCNWs and the epoxy resin.
Preformed and induced antifungal materials of citrus fruits in relation to the enhancement of decay resistance by heat and ultraviolet treatments (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreformed and induced antifungal materials of citrus fruits in relation to the enhancement of decay resistance by heat and ultraviolet treatmentsShimshon. Ben-Yehoshua, Victor. Rodov, Jong Jin. Kim, and Shmuel. CarmeliCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 7, 1217–1221Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00019a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00019a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views473Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Speech Material on the Benefit of Temporal Fine Structure Information in Speech for Young Normal-Hearing and Older Hearing-Impaired Participants (2012)

The choice of speech material is important when assessing the benefit of TFS. Several factors may facilitate recognition in the absence of TFS cues, including small set size, predictable temporal structure of the target speech, and contextual effects. We speculate that TFS information is useful for reducing informational masking, by providing cues for the perceptual segregation of the target and background. When the target speech is highly predictable, informational masking may be minimal, rendering TFS cues unnecessary.
Aggregate structure and percolation behavior in polymer/carbon black conductive composites (2007)

The percolation behavior and mechanisms of electrical conductivity in carbon black filled polymer composites were analyzed. An aggregate structure model of the carbon black particles was proposed based on the effective media theory (EMT) and the equivalent sphere of carbon black aggregate acts as a basic cell to describe the nonlinear conductive behavior. Then, a formula describing the relationship between the conductivity and the volume fraction of carbon black particles as well as an expression estimating percolation threshold of the composites were derived. This aggregate structure model overcomes the disadvantage of the EMT which cannot explain the phenomenon that percolation threshold is lower than 1∕3. Based on these expressions, the electrical conductivity and percolation threshold of several kinds of conductive polymeric composites were predicted and the results showed that the predictions were preferably consistent with the experimental data from the references.
국제화시대 복지지출의 정치경제: 신생민주주의 국가 사례를 중심으로 (2016)

이 연구논문에서 우리는 신생민주주의 국가에 있어서 무역개방의 확대가 정부의 복지정책에 미치는 경제적 영향력을 분석하려 했다. 이를 위해, 이 논문은 소위 경제개발협력기구(OECD) 국가라 불리는 서구선진국가를 대상으로 전개된 국제화논쟁을 검토하였으며, 이를 통해 수렴가설과 보상가설이라는 두 개의 주요 가설의 주장을 살펴보았다. 과연 신생민주주의 국가 사례에서는 이들 두 가설 중에서 어느 가설이 더 설명력을 가지는가? 비례대표제, 좌파정부, 연립정부, 정당체제, 연방제와 같은 정치적 변수, 1년의 시차를 둔 1인당 GDP, 1년의 시차를 둔 국내총생산액 대비 재정수입 비율, 1년의 시차를 둔 인플레이션율과 같은 경제적 변수, 그리고 노인인구비율 및 사회이질성과 같은 사회적 변수의 영향력을 통제한 상태에서 이루어진 패널분석은 무역개방의 확대가 보상가설이 주장하는 것처럼 복지지출을 증대시키는 것이 아니라, 수렴가설의 주장대로 복지지출을 축소시키는 방향으로 경제적 영향력을 행사하고 있다는 결과를 드러내주었다.
FDB spindle motor design for vibration suppression (2003)

This paper aims at investigating the effects of variation in parameters of the FDB spindles on the total in-plane vibration of the disk-spindle systems in HDDs. For the parametric study, the in-plane FRF of the disk-spindle system subjected to the inplane base excitation is presented for each set of the varying parameters such as: the stiffness and damping coefficients of the radial FDBs, the radial bearing locations, and the stiffness coefficient of the torsional spring representing the hub flexibility. The parametric study reveals that an increase in the radial FDB coefficients significantly suppresses the amplitude of the half-speed whirls. Moreover, the spindle hub design with higher rigidity can reduce the amplitude of the rocking modes.
Backflow Protection for Fire Sprinkler Systems (1987)

This article discusses the basic components of fire sprinkler systems and the potential for cross connections that exists with these systems. Fire protection systems, which are pressurized piping systems, should be isolated from potable water systems using the proper backflow prevention assembly for the degree of determined hazard. Classification of fire sprinkler systems is described, and backflow protection required for low‐, moderate‐, and high‐hazard systems is addressed.
Influence of Medicinal Herbs on Phagocytosis by Bovine Neutrophils (1992)

Twenty-six herbal preparations made from 24 medicinal herbs, categorized as antipyretics in Chinese materia medica, were tested in vitro to determine their effects upon phagocytosis of 32P-labelled Staphylococcus aureus by neutrophils isolated from bovine blood and milk. The percentage of phagocytosis was determined after incubating (1 hour at 37 degrees C) 1.25 x 10(7) neutrophils, 1 x 10(8) 32P-labelled S. aureus and 10% skimmed milk with herbal solutions. Concentrations of herbal preparations tested were 100%, 10% and 1% (v/v). When compared with PBSS (0.01 M phosphate buffered saline solution) controls, most of the herbs at high concentrations inhibited phagocytosis while at lower concentrations phagocytosis was increased. All 26 herbal preparations significantly increased blood neutrophil activity at their proper concentrations. The most active herbs in promoting blood neutrophil phagocytosis were observed for Herba verbenae, Flos chrysanthemi, Flos lonicerae, Radix sophorae flavescentis, Herba houttuyniae, Radix isatidis, Herba patriniae, Berberini sulfatis at the lowest concentration and for Folium hibisci at the high concentration with the increased percentage of more than 40.0% in comparison with PBSS control. Of the 19 herbal preparations tested with milk neutrophils, 18 herbs greatly increased phagocytosis at suitable concentrations. The most active preparations in stimulating milk neutrophil functions included Folium hibisci, Flos chrysanthemi, Radix bupleuri, Radix stellariae, Herba houttuyniae, Herba senecionis scandentis, Caulis lonicerae and Flos lonicerae which increased phagocytosis by over 35.0%.
Homogeneous assays using aptamers (2010)

Aptamers are DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that can bind with high affinity and specificity to a wide range of targets such as proteins, metal ions or pathogenic microorganisms. Soluble aptamers and aptazymes have been used as sensing elements for developing homogeneous assays in a solution phase, the whole sensing process being carried out in a homogeneous solution. Contrary to most conventional heterogeneous assays that are time-consuming and labor-intensive, aptamer-based homogeneous assays are simple, easy-to-perform, rapid and do not require immobilization nor washing steps. To our knowledge, this review is the first entirely dedicated to aptamer-based homogeneous assays. Optical detection appears as the most developed technique. Colorimetry represents the simplest sensing mode that occupies a very important position among aptamer-based assays, involving gold nanoparticle aggregation (with unmodified or aptamer-modified gold NPs), the formation of HRP-mimicking DNAzyme with hemin, dye displacement or interactions with a cationic polymer. Fluorescence that is highly sensitive offers the most developed detection mode. Aptamers can be labeled or not, to give rise to turn-on or usually less sensitive turn-off fluorescent assays. Newly reported and thus less developed non-conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electrochemistry also recently appeared in the literature, thrombin still remains the main detected target. Homogeneous assays based on aptazyme, an aptamer sequence connected to a known ribozyme motif, are also described in this review, involving optical detection, by colorimetry or fluorescence.
The Negro in Colonial New England, 1620-1776 (1943)

Journal Article The Negro in Colonial New England, 1620–1776. By Lorenzo Johnston Greene. Studies in History, Economics and Public Law, No. 494. Edited by the Faculty of Political Science of Columbia University, New Haven Negroes: A Social History. By Robert Austin Warner. Published for the Institute of Human Relations and The Treatment of the Negro in American History School Textbooks. By Marie Elizabeth Carpenter. Published with the approval of Professor Erling M. Hunt, Sponsor Get access Paul Lewinson Paul Lewinson The National Archives Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 30, Issue 2, September 1943, Page 276, https://doi.org/10.2307/1892996 Published: 01 September 1943
SR-A/MARCO–mediated ligand delivery enhances intracellular TLR and NLR function, but ligand scavenging from cell surface limits TLR4 response to pathogens (2010)

Phagocytic and pathogen sensing receptors are responsible for particle uptake and inflammation. It is unclear how these receptors' systems influence each other's function to shape an innate response. The class-A scavenger receptors SR-A (scavenger receptor A) and MARCO (macrophage receptor with collagenous structure) are 2 well-characterized phagocytic receptors that are unable to initiate inflammatory responses by themselves, yet are implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory disorders. However, the mechanism for such an apparent discrepancy is still unclear. We utilized SR-A(-/-), MARCO(-/-), and SR-A(-/-)-MARCO(-/-) mice, along with microbe-derived, environmental, and synthetic polyanions to assess the inflammatory responses following combinatorial ligation of SR-A/MARCO and selected Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) by their shared ligands. In addition to ligating SR-A and MARCO, these agonists also selectively activated the cell-surface sensor TLR4, endosomal TLR3, and the cytosolic NOD2 and NALP3 (NACHT domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3). We show that, following recognition of common ligands, SR-A and MARCO attenuate TLR4-mediated responses while enhancing responses by the intracellular TLR3, NOD2, and NALP3. We conclude that SR-A/MARCO-mediated rapid ligand internalization prevented sensing by surface TLRs while increasing ligand availability in intracellular compartments, thus allowing sensing and robust responses by intracellular sensors.
Endotoxin-Induced Myocardial Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Synthesis Depresses Contractility of Isolated Rat Hearts (2000)

LPS depresses contractility of isolated rat hearts by inducing TNF-alpha synthesis and subsequently activating the sphingomyelinase pathway, whereas no evidence for a role of NOSII- or NOSIII-generated NO was found. Moreover, Cox-2-derived TxA(2) appears to facilitate TNF-alpha synthesis in response to LPS.
Nature's Nanotechnology (2012)

This article presents an overview of the emerging field of biomimetics. Biomimetics is highly interdisciplinary and is gaining a foothold in the scientific and technical arena. Biomimetics involves the understanding of biological functions, structures, and principles of various objects found in nature by biologists, physicists, chemists, and material scientists, and the design and fabrication of various materials and devices of commercial interest from bioinspiration. Today, biomimetic materials are moving out of the laboratory and into industrial applications. Significant advancements in nanofabrication allow engineers to replicate structures of interest in biomimetics using smart materials. The commercial applications include nanomaterials, nanodevices, and processes that may enable self-cleaning surfaces or pads that hang pictures without hooks or wires. Some of these applications may at first seem magical, but they simply are the result of applying science and engineering to uncovering the secrets of nature.