gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of receivable distance for radiated disturbance containing information signal from information technology equipment (2011)

The present study was conducted to evaluate a leakage threat of information that can be reconstructed using radiated electromagnetic disturbance of information technology equipment. In this paper, the information leakage threat was estimated from a viewpoint of the receivable distance from the information technology equipment. The radiated electromagnetic disturbance of the information technology equipment is then based on the limits of the radiated disturbance for the information technology equipment of class B provided in CISPR 22. The estimation result reveals that the receivable distance exceeds hundreds of meters from the information technology equipment, taking account of the receivable capacity of a receiver with an antenna assumed in this paper. In addition, when the receiving frequency is higher, the receivable distance is shorter, in the defined frequency range with the constant limit value defined in CISPR 22. However, the receivable distance is stepped up at the receiving frequency of 230 [MHz], because at which the limit values of the radiated disturbance for the ITE of class B is stepped up.
Conversion of Methanol and Glycerol into Gasoline via ZSM-5 Catalysis (2013)

A quartz fixed-bed, microreactor was successfully constructed for both the catalytic methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) and methanol-and-glycerol-to-gasoline (MGTG) processes. The reaction products were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Process variables of temperature and reaction time were studied to determine the effects on conversion rates, product yield, and ZSM-5 catalyst lifetime for both systems. Moreover, the factor of glycerol additions (10, 25, and 40% in methanol) was also investigated for the MGTG process. The MTG and MGTG generated oil phase showed a similar composition, mainly methylbenzenes, to regular gasoline, and composition changed as the reaction proceeded to favor heavier aromatics. In the MTG process, the best catalytic performance was achieved at 425 °C, at which the product yield and catalyst lifetime were 11.0 wt % and 20 h, respectively. Generally, the methanol conversion rate and the total liquid and organic-phase yield rates decreased with the reaction time at each temperature. In addition to gasoline-range aromatics, some oxygenates were also detected in the extracted aqueous phase from the MGTG process. The best MGTG catalytic performance was achieved at 500 °C with 10% glycerol in methanol, at which the product yield and catalyst lifetime were 14.9 wt % and 8 h, respectively. The higher glycerol content disfavored the production of aromatics but favored oxygenates. With an increasing reaction time at all reaction conditions, methanol and glycerol conversion rates were ≥99%.
Differential Regulation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-2 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Tyrosine Phosphorylation by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Inhibitors in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells (1998)

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a potent neurotropic factor promoting the differentiation and survival of neuronal cells. SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells are a well characterized in vitro model of nervous system growth. We report here that IGF-I stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR) and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. These cells lacked IRS-1. After being tyrosine phosphorylated, IRS-2 associated transiently with downstream signaling molecules, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) and Grb2. Treatment of the cells with PI 3-K inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002) increased IGF-I-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-2. We also observed a concomitant increase in the mobility of IRS-2, suggesting that PI 3-K mediates or is required for IRS-2 serine/threonine phosphorylation, and that this phosphorylation inhibits IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation. Treatment with PI 3-K inhibitors induced an increased association of IRS-2 with Grb2, probably as a result of the increased IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation. However, even though the PI 3-K inhibitors enhanced the association of Grb2 with IRS-2, these compounds suppressed IGF-I-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and neurite outgrowth. Together, these results indicate that although PI 3-K participates in a negative regulation of IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation, its activity is required for IGF-IR-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and neurite outgrowth.
Methane Conversion to Aromatics on Mo/H-ZSM5:  Structure of Molybdenum Species in Working Catalysts (2000)

The structure and density of Mo species in Mo/H−ZSM5 during catalytic CH4 reactions was investigated using in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), temperature-programmed oxidation after reaction, and the isotopic exchange of D2 with OH groups in H−ZSM5 before and after CH4 reactions. These methods reveal that CH4 reactions cause exchanged Mo2O5 2+ dimers, formed from physical mixtures of MoO3 and H−ZSM5, to reduce and carburize to form small (0.6−1 nm) MoC x clusters with the concurrent regeneration of the bridging OH groups that were initially replaced by Mo oxo dimers during exchange. In this manner, catalytically inactive Mo oxo species activate in contact with CH4 to form the two sites required for the conversion of CH4 to aromatics: MoC x for C−H bond activation and initial C−C bond formation and acid sites for oligomerization and cyclization of C2+ hydrocarbons to form stable aromatics. These MoC x clusters resist agglomeration during methane reactions at 950 K for > 10 h. The Brönsted acid sites formed during carburization and oligomerization of MoC x species ultimately become covered with hydrogen-deficient reaction intermediates (H/C ∼ 0.2) or unreactive deposits. The highly dispersed nature of the MoC x clusters was confirmed by detailed simulations of the XAS radial structure function and by the low temperatures required for the complete oxidation of these MoC x species compared with bulk Mo2C. Initial CH4 reactions with MoO x precursors are stoichiometric and lead first to the removal of oxygen as CO, CO2, and H2O and to the introduction of carbidic carbons into the reduced structures. As carbidic carbon passivates the surface, C−H bond activation reactions become catalytic by the coupling of this activation step with the removal of the resulting CH x species to form C2 hydrocarbons, which desorb to re-form the MoC x sites required for C−H bond activation steps.
Pacing technology: advances in pacing threshold management (2010)

Over the last five decades, pacemaker therapy has undergone remarkable technological advances with increasing sophistication of pacemaker features. However, device longevity has remained one of the major issues in pacemaker design ever since the first endocardial pacing lead implantation in 1958. In addition to various hardware design to enhance device longevity, software-based solutions to minimize pacing energy and yet with good safety margin have also been developed. Together with desire and need of fully automatic pacing system in increasingly busy pacemaker clinic, several manufacturers have introduced different automatic threshold management algorithm. This article summarizes the current state-of-the-art management in pacing threshold in the modern pacemakers.
Breast Feeding: A Necessity for Child Health in the Tropics (1980)

Attention needs to be directed to the disappearance of human milk and to investing as much in terms of both funds and ingenuity in trying to develop programs to cope with this major nutritional retreat as is now invested in other programs designed to improve the problem of childhood malnutrition. Bottle feeding in the type of circumstances existing in rural and urban areas of resource-poor, less developed countries is very difficult to undertake adequately due to small purchasing power, defective environmental hygiene, and low levels of maternal education. Under these circumstances, infants usually receive dilute, contaminated feeds containing homoeopathic doses of nutrients and massive quantities of bacteria. When breastfeeding is replaced by the necessarily inadequate bottle feeding found in developing countries, nutrition deteriorates, infections increase, and pregnancies become more frequent, closely spaced and risky. In order for bottle feeding to be successful in terms of producing satisfactory infant growth and survival, there must be an adequate economic, hygienic, and educational infrastructure. The size of the public health problems associated with the availability or lack of availability of human milk is huge, increasing, and almost totally unappreciated. In less technically developed and resource-poor nations, Bengoa (1974) estimated that there are 9.4 million cases of severe protein-calorie malnutrition annually. It is unknown how many are suffering from kwashiorkor or from marasmus. In the developed countries of the world, there are over 11 million births annually, and the partial or complete preventive effect of breastfeeding can also be very significant in these communities.
Scheduling Earth Observing Satellites with Evolutionary Algorithms (2003)

We hypothesize that evolutionary algorithms can effectively schedule coordinated fleets of Earth observing satellites. The constraints are complex and the bottlenecks are not well understood, a condition where evolutionary algorithms are often effective. This is, in part, because evolutionary algorithms require only that one can represent solutions, modify solutions, and evaluate solution fitness. To test the hypothesis we have developed a representative set of problems, produced optimization software (in Java) to solve them, and run experiments comparing techniques. This paper presents initial results of a comparison of several evolutionary and other optimization techniques; namely the genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, squeaky wheel optimization, and stochastic hill climbing. We also compare separate satellite vs. integrated scheduling of a two satellite constellation. While the results are not definitive, tests to date suggest that simulated annealing is the best search technique and integrated scheduling is superior.
Space-time adaptive processing for synthetic aperture radar (1998)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides high-resolution images of the non-moving ground scene, but fails for the indication and positioning of moving objects. Like in airborne MTI systems the solution to this problem is to use an array of antennas or subapertures and several receiving channels (`MSAR'=multi-channel SAR), and to apply multi-channel clutter suppression. One of the most efficient methods is adaptive space-time processing (STAP), which can be simplified to frequency-dependent spatial processing in the Doppler domain. Some of these techniques applied to SAR are reviewed and illustrated with data gathered by the German experimental multi-channel SAR system `AER-II'. (18 pages)
GIDEON: a genetic algorithm system for vehicle routing with time windows (2002)

Addresses the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). The VRPTW involves routing a fleet of vehicles, of limited capacity and travel time, from a central depot to a set of geographically dispersed customers with known demands within specified time windows. The authors describe GIDEON, a genetic algorithm system to heuristically solve the VRPTW. GIDEON consists of two distinct modules: a global clustering module that assigns customers to vehicles by a process called genetic sectoring (GENSECT) and a local route optimization module (SWITCH-OPT). On a standard set of 56 VRPTW problems obtained from the literature, GIDEON did better than the alternate methods on 41 of them, with an average reduction of 3.9% in fleet size and 4.4% in distance traveled for the 56 problems. GIDEON took an average of 127 CPU seconds to solve a problem on the Solbourne 5/802 computer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gene symbol assigned for linolenic acid mutant in the soybean (1987)

Backcross and F2 seed from the cross between a low (3.2 percent) and a normal (7.2 percent) linolenic acid line of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were evaluated for fatty acid composition of their oil. Backcross and F2 ratios for levels of linolenic acid in the seed were consistent with a model for two alleles at a single locus. The gene symbols Fan Fan for high (⁠X¯ = 7.2 percent ± 0.11), Fan fan for intermediate (⁠X¯ = 5.2 percent ± 0.07), and fan fan for low (⁠X¯ = 3.2 percent ± 0.13) levels of linolenic acid were assigned. Levels of linolenic acid were controlled by the genotype of the embryo rather than by the genotype of the maternal parent.
ChemInform Abstract: EXPEDIENT PREPARATION OF A HIGHLY FUNCTIONALIZED DIQUINANE BUILDING BLOCK (1985)

Abstract Durch Diketalisierung und anschließende selektive Monodeketalisierung des bicyclischen Diketons (I) wird das Keton‐ketal (III) erhalten.
The Technology Behind HomePlug AV Powerline Communications (2008)

HomePlug AV powerline communications (PLC), based on the open standards of the HomePlug Powerline Alliance, has become the leading data communications technology for moving data and media over AC wiring. HomePlug AV is designed to provide robust high-speed powerline communications using very low transmit levels that satisfy regulations around the world. Despite the low transmit power in the presence of high voltage and intermittent noise and invading signals, HomePlug AV technology finds its own space to work above and around would-be interference.
F10: a fault-tolerant engineered network (2013)

The data center network is increasingly a cost, reliability and performance bottleneck for cloud computing. Although multi-tree topologies can provide scalable bandwidth and traditional routing algorithms can provide eventual fault tolerance, we argue that recovery speed can be dramatically improved through the co-design of the network topology, routing algorithm and failure detector. We create an engineered network and routing protocol that directly address the failure characteristics observed in data centers. At the core of our proposal is a novel network topology that has many of the same desirable properties as FatTrees, but with much better fault recovery properties. We then create a series of failover protocols that benefit from this topology and are designed to cascade and complement each other. The resulting system, F10, can almost instantaneously reestablish connectivity and load balance, even in the presence of multiple failures. Our results show that following network link and switch failures, F10 has less than 1/7th the packet loss of current schemes. A trace-driven evaluation of MapReduce performance shows that F10’s lower packet loss yields a median application-level 30 % speedup. 1
Papovavirus Infection in Hand-Fed Parrots: Virus Isolation and Pathology (1987)

Papovavirus infection was diagnosed in 44 parrots of at least 18 species exclusive of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). The birds were 14 days to 4 months old and had been removed from parental care and hand-fed as nestlings. The birds had been unexpectedly found dead after having evidenced no premonitory signs of illness, or they died following a short (12-to-48-hour) period of lassitude and anorexia. In most cases, necropsies revealed pallor, multiple hemorrhages, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly with multifocal necrosis. Histological lesions included multifocal to diffuse hepatic necrosis that spared the periportal hepatocytes, karyomegaly of splenic reticuloendothelial cells and cells in other tissues, membranous glomerulopathy, and necrosis of bursal medullary lymphocytes. Papovaviruses were isolated from two cases, and papovavirus infection was confirmed in 27 of the birds by the fluorescent-antibody test using a conjugate against a papovavirus isolated from a budgerigar.
Expression of immune-related molecules in glioblastoma multiform cells (2003)

Objective: To investigate the expression of immune-related molecules in glioblastoma multiform(GBM) cells. Methods: The expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC), β2-microglobulin, Fas, CD80 and CD86 molecules on the surface of GBM cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. The expression of TAP-1, TAP-2 and Tapasin in the GBM cells were evaluated by RT-PCR method. Results: MHC class I, β2 microglobulin, TAP-1, TAP-2 and tapasin were expressed in most GBM cell lines. Except U87, there was no MHC class II molecule expression on any of the other GBM cell lines. Fas was expressed on all the GBM cell lines examined. Conclusion: The mechanism by which GBM escapes immune surveillance may involve down regulation of expression of MHC class I molecules and MHC class II molecules. MHC class I positive GBM may be the suitable target of immunotherapy.
Concatenated Codes and Iterative Decoding (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Development of Concatenated Codes Concatenated Codes for AWGN Channels Concatenated Codes for MIMO Channels Turbo-Coded Modulation for MIMO Channels Concatenated Space-Time Block Coding Chapter Summary and Further Reading Problems
IP Over WDM Networks Employing Renewable Energy Sources (2010)

With network expansion, the energy consumption and CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions associated with networks are increasing rapidly. In this paper we propose an approach for energy minimization in IP over WDM networks and furthermore propose the use of renewable energy to further reduce the CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions at a given energy consumption level. We develop a Linear Programming (LP) model for energy minimization in the network when renewable energy is used and propose a novel heuristic for improving renewable energy utilization. Compared with routing in the electronic layer, routing in the optical layer coupled with renewable energy nodes significantly reduces the CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emission of the IP over WDM network considered by 47% to 52%, and the new heuristic introduced hardly affects the QoS. In order to identify the impact of the number and the location of nodes that employ renewable energy on the non-renewable energy consumption of whole network, we also constructed another LP model. The results show that the nodes at the center of the network have more impact than other nodes if they use renewable energy sources. We have also investigated the additional energy savings that can be gained through Adaptive Link Rate (ALR) techniques where different load dependent energy consumption profiles are considered. Our optimized REO-hop routing algorithm with renewable energy and ALR results in a maximum energy saving of 85% (average of 65%) compared to a current network design where all nodes are statically dimensioned for the maximum traffic in terms of IP ports and optical layer and hence consume power accordingly. Furthermore, when all the nodes have access to typical levels of renewable power we show that the associated reduction in non-renewable energy consumption reduces the network's CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions by 97% peak, 78% average.
Dynamics of gain in vertical cavity lasers and amplifiers at 1.53 μm using femtosecond photoexcitation (1998)

Conditions for the optimization of short pulse amplification and gating times in vertical cavity laser amplifiers are elucidated using femtosecond photoexcitation. The experimental results pertaining to the temporal response are analyzed by a theoretical model taking into account the carrier heating and the Fabry–Perot nature of the cavity. A 20 dB amplification gain is obtained in a vertical cavity structure at 1.53 μm with a capacity to function at a rate &gt;25 Gb/s.
A new evolutionary system for evolving artificial neural networks (1997)

This paper presents a new evolutionary system, i.e., EPNet, for evolving artificial neural networks (ANNs). The evolutionary algorithm used in EPNet is based on Fogel's evolutionary programming (EP). Unlike most previous studies on evolving ANN's, this paper puts its emphasis on evolving ANN's behaviors. Five mutation operators proposed in EPNet reflect such an emphasis on evolving behaviors. Close behavioral links between parents and their offspring are maintained by various mutations, such as partial training and node splitting. EPNet evolves ANN's architectures and connection weights (including biases) simultaneously in order to reduce the noise in fitness evaluation. The parsimony of evolved ANN's is encouraged by preferring node/connection deletion to addition. EPNet has been tested on a number of benchmark problems in machine learning and ANNs, such as the parity problem, the medical diagnosis problems, the Australian credit card assessment problem, and the Mackey-Glass time series prediction problem. The experimental results show that EPNet can produce very compact ANNs with good generalization ability in comparison with other algorithms.
Tubulin and high-molecular-weight polypeptides as Giardia lamblia antigens (1984)

We determined the antigenic specificities of nine murine monoclonal antibodies to Giardia lamblia. Four distinct antibody reaction patterns were detected by immunofluorescence with G. lamblia trophozoites. Four monoclonal antibodies which reacted with the body but not the flagella of the whole trophozoites recognized two polypeptides of 170,000 and 155,000 molecular weights by immunoblotting. Two antibodies reacting with both the flagella and body also reacted with 170,000- and 155,000-molecular-weight antigens. An antibody specific for the G. lamblia attachment disk and two specific for flagella by immunofluorescence were found to react with 53,000- and 55,000-molecular-weight polypeptides by immunoblotting. These antigens comigrated with purified bovine brain tubulin, and their respective antibodies reacted in immunoblots with purified bovine brain tubulin. The antigens identified in this report were found to be present in Giardia cytoskeletal preparations. All antigens were pronase labile and heat stable. Four strains of G. lamblia reacted similarly in immunofluorescence assays as well as in immunoblotting assays.
Effect of somatostatin on <sup>45</sup>Ca fluxes in guinea‐pig isolated atria (1987)

The effect of somatostatin (SS, 10(-6) M and 5 X 10(-6) M) was studied on 45Ca fluxes in guinea-pig isolated atria. SS produced a dose-dependent decrease in 45Ca uptake, this effect being dependent on the stimulation rate and Ca concentration in the bathing media. The decrease in 45Ca uptake was more evident at faster (60 and 180 beats min-1) than at slower frequencies (15 beats min-1) and was less evident in high Ca (5.4 mM). SS had no effect on 45Ca efflux. These results suggest that SS inhibits the slow inward Ca current in guinea-pig atrial fibres.
[Preoperative hyperfractionated accelerated irradiation-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer]. (2003)

Preoperative HART may induce a high-level apoptosis by decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 protein and increasing the expression of Bax protein. However, it is still necessary to further observe whether it can improve the long-term survival of patients with NSCLC.