gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Stretching Exercises Versus Muscle Energy Techniques in the Management of Upper Cross Syndrome (2017)

Background: Cervical pain can occur at any stage and can restrict daily activities of an individual. In Physical Therapy different manual therapy techniques are used for the treatment of upper cross syndrome. Muscle energy techniques and stretching are under consideration. Objective: To compare the efficacy of muscles energy techniques and stretching exercises on pain and Range of motion in upper cross syndrome patients. Methodology: This study was conducted at Physical Therapy Department of Helping Hand Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences Mansehra from January 2016 to August 2016 on 52 patients with upper cross syndrome. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups A and B. Group A was treated with muscles energy technique (MET) while Group B was treated with stretching exercises. Including this specialized treatment both groups were treated with conventional physical therapy and home exercise plan, 3 sessions per week for a period of 16 Sessions. The patient’s outcome measures were Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Goniometer. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Statistically pain in Group A was improved from (Pre =5.38 +0.85, Post =1.23+0.42) is compared to Group B (Pre =5.53+1.06, Post =2.11+0.86). The cervical flexion ROM in group A (Pre=50.00 +4.24, Post=69.61+5.08) and in group B (Pre=53.26 +6.15, Post =65.76 +6.43). The cervical-extension ROM in group A (Pre=47.11 +4.04, Post =64.80 +5.19) and in group B was (Pre =47.88+5.13, Post=59.80 + 5.91). The mean of neck disability index (NDI) was improved from (Pre =19.80 +4.40, Post 4.42 +1.41) for group A. Group B mean for neck disability index (NDI) was improved from (Pre=19.38+ 5.25, Post= 9.57 +4.85). The pre-and post-results showed that both groups were statistically significant group A (p value 0.000) and group B (p value 0.000). Conclusion: It is concluded that if patients with upper cross syndrome treated with muscles energy technique showed more improvement in decreasing pain, increasing ROM and improving function as compared to stretching exercises Keywords: Cervical pain, Cervical spine, Disability, Range of motion, Upper cross syndrome.
Detection of Cell-Free, Liver-Specific mRNAs in Peripheral Blood from Rats with Hepatotoxicity: A Potential Toxicological Biomarker for Safety Evaluation (2008)

To verify the concept that cell-free organ/tissue-specific mRNAs leaking from drug-damaged organs/tissues into peripheral blood could be toxicological biomarkers for identification of the target organs of drug toxicity, we attempted to detect liver-specific mRNAs in peripheral blood from rats with chemical-induced hepatotoxicity. We selected alpha(1)-microglobulin/bikunin precursor (Ambp) and albumin mRNAs as tentative liver-specific biomarkers and successfully detected them by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR in peripheral blood 24 h after D-galactosamine HCl (D-gal) or acetaminophen administration. Moreover, albumin mRNA was detected 2 h after D-gal administration, although plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were still unchanged. On the other hand, in peripheral blood from rat with bupivacaine HCl-induced skeletal muscle damage, neither Ambp nor albumin mRNA was detectable while plasma creatine kinase, ALT, and AST levels prominently increased 2 or 12 h after dosing. Furthermore, Ambp mRNA was also detectable in filtered plasma from rats with liver damage, indicating that cell-free Ambp mRNA can be present in peripheral blood. In conclusion, cell-free, liver-specific Ambp, and albumin mRNAs were detectable in peripheral blood from rats with chemical-induced liver damage. It is believed that the detection of cell-free organ/tissue-specific mRNA in peripheral blood is a promising approach in the survey of toxicological biomarkers.
Polarizable Atomic Multipole Water Model for Molecular Mechanics Simulation (2003)

A new classical empirical potential is proposed for water. The model uses a polarizable atomic multipole description of electrostatic interactions. Multipoles through the quadrupole are assigned to each atomic center based on a distributed multipole analysis (DMA) derived from large basis set molecular orbital calculations on the water monomer. Polarization is treated via self-consistent induced atomic dipoles. A modified version of Thole's interaction model is used to damp induction at short range. Repulsion−dispersion (vdW) effects are computed from a buffered 14−7 potential. In a departure from most current water potentials, we find that significant vdW parameters are necessary on hydrogen as well as oxygen. The new potential is fully flexible and has been tested versus a variety of experimental data and quantum calculations for small clusters, liquid water, and ice. Overall, excellent agreement with experimental and high level ab initio results is obtained for numerous properties, including cluster st...
The size structure of lacustrine Arctic charr (Pisces: Salmonidae) populations (1994)

The size structure of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) populations was analysed using published information; 44% of populations were bimodal, with both large (normal) and small (dwarf) morphs occurring within a cohort. The remaining populations were unimodal, consisting of normal-sized or of stunted adults. Bimodal populations increased in frequency with latitude and were characteristic of large, deep lakes with few fish species. The age and size at which bimodality developed, the size difference between the morphs, and the frequency of cannibalism in charr populations increased with latitude. A variety of genotypic and phenotypic explanations are examined. The evidence for specific differences between the morphs is unconvincing. Various competition and predation hypotheses fail to explain the occurrence of bimodality. Cannibalism does not cause bimodality despite being strongly associated with it since bimodality develops before charr become cannibalistic. Much of the variation in charr size structure is suggested to be a consequence of increased seasonality in food supply in more northerly environments, coupled with feeding size thresholds. The latter result in larger members of a cohort being able to maintain growth rates on seasonally abundant prey while smaller individuals which cannot catch these items form a second mode of more slowly growing fish. Bimodality is documented in a number of other, predominantly northern, fish species.
The case for UHF-band MU-MIMO (2014)

While the UHF band exhibits superior propagation characteristics compared to other frequency bands used for broadband communications, limited spectral availability in time and space necessitates high spectral efficiency techniques such as Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). In this paper we design and implement the first open MU-MIMO Software-Defined Radio (SDR) platform that operates on an order of magnitude frequency range, from 300 MHz to 5.8 GHz. We perform a comprehensive set of over-the-air experiments to evaluate the potential of UHF-band MU-MIMO in comparison to 2.4 and 5.8 GHz WiFi bands encompassing a range of operating environments. We evaluate MU-MIMO performance in both outdoor, indoor, line-of-sight (LOS), and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments, and demonstrate that while the temporal correlation of the measured UHF environment is increased, it does not come at the cost of increased spatial correlation as measured by the Demmel condition number, thus proving highly attractive for MU-MIMO. This evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of MU-MIMO transmission techniques in UHF bands for high spectral efficiency and low-overhead wireless access.
Evaluating Diagnostic Tests with Imperfect Standards (1990)

New diagnostic tests frequently are evaluated against gold standards that are assumed to classify patients with unerring accuracy according to the presence or absence of disease. In practice, gold standards rarely are perfect predictors of disease and tend to misclassify a small number of patients. When an imperfect standard is used to evaluate a diagnostic test, many commonly used measures of test performance are distorted. It is not widely appreciated that these distortions occur in predictable directions and that they may be of considerable magnitude, even when the gold standard has a high degree of accuracy. The diagnostic powers of clinical tests will be more accurately reported if consideration is given to the types of biases that result from the use of imperfect standards. Several different approaches may be used to minimize these distortions when evaluating new tests.
Angiopoietin-1 for Myocardial Angiogenesis: A Comparison Between Delivery Strategies (2006)

SkMs mediated Ang-1 delivery is associated with improved angiogenic response, regional myocardial perfusion and heart function as compared with direct Ad-Ang-1 administration.
Statement of Purposes (2006)

The Society of Engineering Graphics SORGING, in coordination with the editorial team of The Journal of Industrial Design and Engineering Graphics, aims to present in an attractive mode the true image of current engineering graphics and industrial design. The objective of these initiatives is to empower the Journal - through the published articles - as an informative reference in a dynamic environment of design and graphics, and as a necessary tool for the students and professors from technical universities.
Deficits in Prefrontal Cortical and Extrastriatal Dopamine Release in Schizophrenia (2015)

To our knowledge, these results provide the first in vivo evidence for a deficit in the capacity for dopamine release in the DLPFC in SCZ and suggest a more widespread deficit extending to many cortical and extrastriatal regions including the midbrain. This contrasts with the well-replicated excess in dopamine release in the associative striatum in SCZ and suggests a differential regulation of striatal dopamine release in associative striatum vs extrastriatal regions. Furthermore, dopamine release in the DLPFC relates to working memory-related activation of this region, suggesting that blunted release may affect frontal cortical function.
Downmodulation of TGF‐α protein expression with antisense oligonucleotides inhibits proliferation of head and neck squamous carcinoma but not normal mucosal epithelial cells (1998)

Interruption of an autocrine growth pathway involving TGF-α and EGFR may inhibit tumor growth and improve survival in head and neck cancer patients. We previously demonstrated that biopsy specimens and established cell lines from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) overexpress TGF-α and its receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at both the mRNA and protein levels. Protein localization studies showed that TGF-α and EGFR are produced by the same epithelial cells in tissues from head and neck cancer patients further supporting a role for this ligand-receptor pair in an autocrine growth pathway. To confirm that TGF-α contributes to autocrine growth, we examined the effect of down regulation of TGF-α protein on SCCHN cell proliferation. Treatment of 6 SCCHN cell lines with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting the translation start site of human TGF-α mRNA decreased TGF-α protein production by up to 93% and reduced cell proliferation by a mean of 76.2% compared to a 9.7% reduction with sense oligonucleotide (range P<0R > = 0.036–0.0001). TGF-α antisense oligonucleotide exposure also decreased TGF-α protein levels in normal oropharyngeal mucosal epithelial cells, however their growth rate was not affected. These findings indicate that TGF-α is participating in an autocrine signaling pathway in transformed, but not in normal mucosal epithelial cells, that promotes proliferation. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:55–62, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
IDEALS - A new environment for Courseware Development, Course Delivery and Training (1997)

S.1758-1768
Design Issues of a Novel Toolkit for Parallel Application Performance Monitoring and Analysis in Cluster and Grid Environments (2006)

The low-cost and availability of network of workstations have made them attractive solution for high performance computing. Striking progress of network technology in enabling high-performance global computing, with the utilization of cluster and grid technologies, in which computational and data resources in a local or wide area network are transparently employed to solve large-scale problems. In this paper, we present implementation and design rationale of Visuel toolkit for performance measurement and analysis of parallel applications, in cluster and grid environments. Most of performance visualization tools available today for high-performance platforms show solely system performance data (e.g., CPU load, memory usage, network bandwidth, server average load), and thus, being suitable for visualisation of computing platform system activities. The Visuel toolkit, is Web-based interface designed to show performance activities of all computing nodes of a cluster or grid computing platform involved in the execution of a parallel application, such as CPU load level and memory usage of each computing node. In addition, this toolkit is able to display comparative performance data visualizations generated from a number of executions of an application under investigation, analyzing the performance of different implementations. Evaluations using this toolkit show that it outperforms in easing the process of investigation and implementation of parallel applications, in effective way.
Nanotechnology for smart flight control surfaces (2003)

This paper focuses on the design of smart control surfaces for micro air vehicles using nano- and microscale actuators and sensors. These thin-film-based actuators/sensors are uniquely suitable for mini air vehicles, missiles, and interceptors. We use multi-layered microactuators (fabricated using thin-film technology) to displace and change the geometry of control surfaces. These thin-film actuators/sensors (transducers) are integrated as the large-scale arrays. Furthermore, nano- and microscale transducers should be controlled changing the applied voltage supplied to each actuator or measuring the voltage induced by each sensor. The major objective of this paper is to report fundamental and applied research in modeling, analysis and design of flight surfaces with thin-film-based actuator-sensor arrays controlled by hierarchically distributed systems. We demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the application of smart flight surfaces for coordinated longitudinal and lateral vehicle control (pitch, roll, and yaw moments are developed deflecting and changing the geometry of control surfaces). Active aerodynamic flow control can be achieved in order to reduce the drag.
Mechanisms of branch formation in metal‐catalyzed ethene polymerization (2011)

Abstract Branches are an important aspect of the structure of real polyethylene. Branches can be short (Me, Et) or longer; long‐chain branches (LCB, >100 carbons), in particular, are important because they can have a dramatic effect on polymer properties. In this review, we summarize mechanistic information from organometallic and computational chemistry and use this to examine the most probable sources of each type of branch. Short branches can be introduced deliberately by copolymerization with an α ‐olefin (possibly formed in situ from ethene). Me branches may be formed by one‐carbon chain walking and propagation, and/or from insertion of an oligomer/macromer in an MMe bond formed via chain transfer to the cocatalyst [Me 3 Al or methylaluminoxane (MAO)]. Et branches are most likely formed through β ‐hydrogen transfer to ethene, followed immediately by reinsertion of the newly formed macromer. LCBs have usually been ascribed to reinsertion of macromers. However, certain catalysts exhibit LCB formation patterns that are hard to reconcile with this model, and a ‘two‐monomer’ model was recently proposed to explain the observations for these systems. In this review, we present an alternative explanation (chain walking) that would fit the same facts for these catalysts. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article is categorized under: Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Comparative evaluation of brain CT and ELISA in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. (1988)

This study compares the results of cysticercus-specific IgG antibody levels, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with brain CT findings in suspected neurocysticercosis and to assess the clinical significance of ELISA. One hundred twenty-three neurologic patients were examined by both brain CT and ELISA. Sensitivity and specificity of ELISA in confirmed cases were 94% and 91%, respectively. Patients with multiple cysts without enhancement on CT, which were thought to represent viable cysticerci, were positive by ELISA. Those with cysts with enhancement or poorly defined low densities or enhancing nodules, which represented cysticerci on degeneration, were also positive by ELISA. Those with multiple spotty calcifications, which represent cysticerci in the inactive stage, were negative by ELISA. Those with mixed CT findings of the above, which represent the various stages of infection in a patient, were positive by ELISA. Those with only enhancing nodules with surrounding edema, which were thought to be other inflammatory granulomas, were negative by ELISA. If patients with only hydrocephalus on CT are positive by ELISA, they can be confidently diagnosed as having ventricular cysticercosis. The results indicate that ELISA is useful as a complementary diagnostic tool, especially in patients with equivocal CT findings of neurocysticercosis. Provision of etiologic information on a biologic basis was the advantage of this serologic test.
Total synthesis of (–)-carbovir (1991)

Optically pure (–)-carbovir has been prepared by two different routes involving stereospecific opening of chiral cyclopentene epoxides by substituted purines. Introduction of the 2′,3′ unsaturation was accomplished by mesylate elimination, either after introduction of the purine (Route 1), or earlier in the sequence, producing a novel vinyl epoxide (Route 2).
Coping with Overload on the Network Time Protocol Public Servers (2004)

The public time servers operated by USNO and NIST provide time synchronization, directly or indirectly, to millions of Internet computers today. The load in the form of processor cycles and network traffic has doubled in the last two years and could eventually overwhelm the servers and the network infrastructure unless something is done about it. While both USNO and NIST operate multiple servers across the US, the aggregate load is highly unbalanced and the flagship servers at headquarters are nearing capacity. This paper discusses the current conditions at USNO and NIST and suggests technical defenses designed to protect their resources. Surprisingly, a significant fraction of the total load is due to the occasional defective client design that spews an alarming number of packets without good reason. In one incident at the University of Wisconsin a defective router product resulted in massive network and server meltdown. At NIST and USNO most of the population are well behaved mice, but a significant proportion of the total traffic is due to a relatively few number of abusive elephants. The paper proposes that the best advice may be to find the elephants and shoot them.
Oxidation rate reduction in the submicrometer LOCOS process (1987)

Experimental and analytical studies on submicrometer LOCOS oxide structures have been carried out. LOCOS oxide thickness reduction in submicrometer nitride windows has been newly observed. However, the bird's beak length remains constant, in spite of decreasing the nitride window to 0.3 µm. In order to explain these results, a simple oxidation model is experimentally introduced that considers the lateral diffusion of oxidants from the nitride edge. Oxide thickness reduction is due to the decrease of oxidants in the submicrometer nitride window. A locus for the isolation region length in the etched back LOCOS process is also given by using our model. The nitride window sensitivity for LOCOS oxide structures should be considered during the process design for miniature devices with a submicrometer feature size.
結构理論中的各向異性,非綫性,塑性与流变 (1960)

1.本文首先討論在一种可能的一般意义下发展的可变形体理論的对象和假設,着重解决与各向异性、非綫性、塑性及非均匀性有关的問題。也指出了与时間有关的(流变的)現象。同时,文中說明了这些假設使理論上的考虑和結果与在土木工程中所用的結构材料的真实性貭接近了。从这些一般假設看来,“古典的”,即以綫性虎克定律和小变形假設为基础的弹性力学只是理想化的特殊情况之一。
Timing of Pregnancy in Relation to the Onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis (1992)

The interval between the onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the most recent pregnancy prior to RA onset in 88 women was determined. These data were compared with data obtained from a group of 144 age-matched normal women (controls) who had been assigned a "dummy date for RA onset" for the purposes of analysis. The frequency of disease onset during 3 time intervals within the period from conception to 1 year postpartum was compared with the frequency of disease onset outside this period. There was a reduction in the incidence of disease onset during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-2.6) and a numerically greater increased risk of RA onset during the first 3 months postpartum (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.8-17.6), which persisted for the subsequent 9 months (OR 2.6, 95% CI 0.8-7.9). A reduction in the incidence of disease onset was seen during all pregnancies; in contrast, the postpartum increase was greater in those with RA onset after the first pregnancy. The reduced incidence of RA onset during pregnancy, with the increased risk postpartum, mirrors the previously described suppression of disease activity during pregnancy and the subsequent flare postpartum in women with established RA. In addition, the increased postpartum risk after the first pregnancy might suggest that in susceptible women, either the hormonal changes or the exposure to the fetus's paternal HLA might represent a risk factor for disease causation.
Report on XEWA-00 (2001)

The XEWA-00 workshop, held in December 2000 and sponsored by the IEEE Computer Society, was organized to bring together members of the bioinformatics community to determine if XML could simplify accessing large, heterogeneous, distributed collections of web-based data sources. The starting point for a series of breakout and group discussions was a proposed strawman of a grammar that described how to query a data source through its web interface. As a result of these discussions, the approach was validated, the strawman was refined, and several reference implementations are being generated as part of an ongoing effort. This article contains an overview of the workshop, including the proposed approach and a description of the strawman.
Antriebsstrategien fuer eine umweltfreundliche Mobilitaet (2002)

Sowohl bei Otto- als auch bei Dieselmotoren wurden in den vergangenen 20 Jahren wesentliche Fortschritte hinsichtlich des Emissionsverhaltens erzielt, nicht zuletzt wegen der strengen Emissionsvorschriften in den USA. Auch Hybridantriebe haben auf dem Weg zum Zero-Emission-Antrieb eine bemerkenswerte Bedeutung erlangt. Im Rahmen des Beitrags werden der Stand der Technik und das Zukunftspotenzial des Verbrennungsmotors, des Hybridantriebs und der Brennstoffzelle als Fahrzeugantrieb diskutiert. Es werden dazu auch Beipiele des technologischen Fortschritts der letzten Jahre in diesen drei Bereichen vorgestellt und kommentiert. Eine Feststellung lautet, dass mit Hilfe moderner Elektronik bei Verbrennungsmotoren noch ein betraechtliches Verbesserungspotenzial bezueglich des Wirkungsgrades existiert und dass die Brennstoffzelle fuer den Grossteil der relevanten Betriebspunkte das Potenzial hat, besser als der Verbrennungsmotor zu werden.
Climate-based annual daylight modelling for greenhouses with supplemental electric lighting (2020)

ISHS International Symposium on Advanced Technologies and Management for Innovative Greenhouses: GreenSys2019 Climate-based annual daylight modelling for greenhouses with supplemental electric lighting