gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entropy-constrained predictive trellis coded quantization: application to hyperspectral image compression (2002)

A training-sequence-based entropy-constrained predictive trellis coded quantization (ECPTCQ) scheme is presented for encoding autoregressive sources. For encoding a first-order Gauss-Markov source, the MSE performance of an 8-state ECPTCQ system exceeds that of entropy-constrained DPCM by up to 1.0 dB. In addition, a hyperspectral image compression system is developed which utilizes ECPTCQ. A hyperspectral image sequence compressed at 0.15 bits/pixel/band retains peak signal-to-noise ratios greater than 42 dB over most spectral bands.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
T Lymphocytes Bearing the γδ T Cell Receptor are Susceptible to Steroid‐Induced Programmed Cell Death (1995)

The mechanisms by which glucocorticoids suppress immune responses have not yet been clearly defined. In steroid‐sensitive pathological conditions, an increase in γδ T cells can occur in certain untreated systemic autoimmune disorders and seems to be a persistent feature in most cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our previously published data demonstrated that immunosuppressive therapy normalized this expanded SLE T cell subset in parallel with clinical remission of the symptoms. To establish how corticosteroid treatment determines the disappearance of peripheral blood γδ T lymphocytes, circulating αβ and γδ T lymphocytes from seven SLE subjects with active disease and seven healthy individuals were cultured in the presence or absence of 10 ‐7 M Dexamethasone (DEX). Cell suspensions were then analysed for DNA fragmentation, characteristic of apoptotic cell death, by a new cytofluorimetric method. Conventional agarose‐gel electrophoresis on the same T cell populations was carried out for comparison. Regular follow‐ups for 6 months revealed in vivo steroid treatment determined a dramatic fall in SLE blood γδ T cells, and in vitro experiments seem to indicate that DEX‐triggered apoptotic signals are confined to the double negative (CD4 ‐ CD8 ‐ ) γδ T cell subpopulation which disappears after in vivo immunosuppressive therapy. Clinical and pathological remission of some autoimmune diseases is often obtained by corticosteroids. Our results offer new insights on the mechanisms through these hormones exert their potent inhibitory activities on immune system cells postulated to play a role in the generation of autoimmune responses.
Solvent Responsive Micelles Based on Block and Gradient Copoly(2-oxazoline)s (2008)

The solvent responsiveness of block and gradient copoly(2-oxazoline) in binary water-ethanol mixtures to adderss the effect of monomer distribution was investigated. The formation of complex self-assembly structures, including toroids and Y-junctions, from a simple amphiphilic statistical copolymer in binary water-ethanol solvent mixtures, was also demonstrated. The microscopic images of the micelles resulting from the self-assembly shows that the self-assembly of the copolymer with ethanol results in the formation of both spherical micelles and wormlike micelles. The formation of toroids by the self-assembly of nonionic quasi-diblock statistical copolymer resembles the architecture of triblock copolymer. The results also show that the morphologies observed for the dried samples resemble the structures present in the copolymer solution, demonstrating that they are not formed by drying effect
Selective spin-on deposition of polymers on heterogeneous surfaces (2019)

Selective deposition holds promise to simplify next-generation device fabrication and bring down economic cost. In this work, selectively depositing polymers on metal/dielectric patterns was achieved by spin dewetting, a phenomenon that refers to the dewetting of polymers during spin coating. Our strategy utilizes self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to induce dewetting of polymers over some areas. Line patterns of Cu/SiO<sub>2</sub> were investigated. A hydrophobic SAM, octyltrichlorosilane (OTS, Cl<sub>3</sub>Si–C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>17</sub>), was selectively formed on SiO<sub>2</sub> in the presence of Cu to render SiO<sub>2</sub> non-wettable. During a subsequent spin coating step, polymers dewet from OTS-functionalized SiO<sub>2</sub> and coat Cu exclusively. The spin dewetting process is strongly dictated by the spin coating kinetics. A systematic study of the processing conditions revealed strong dependence of polymer film coverage on spin speed, solution concentration, polymer molecular weight, casting solvent, and SAM hydrophobicity.
Magnetic particle imaging: from proof of principle to preclinical applications (2017)

Tomographic imaging has become a mandatory tool for the diagnosis of a majority of diseases in clinical routine. Since each method has its pros and cons, a variety of them is regularly used in clinics to satisfy all application needs. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a relatively new tomographic imaging technique that images magnetic nanoparticles with a high spatiotemporal resolution in a quantitative way, and in turn is highly suited for vascular and targeted imaging. MPI was introduced in 2005 and now enters the preclinical research phase, where medical researchers get access to this new technology and exploit its potential under physiological conditions. Within this paper, we review the development of MPI since its introduction in 2005. Besides an in-depth description of the basic principles, we provide detailed discussions on imaging sequences, reconstruction algorithms, scanner instrumentation and potential medical applications.
Metal–Salen Schiff base complexes in catalysis: practical aspects (2004)

Schiff base ligands are considered "privileged ligands" because they are easily prepared by the condensation between aldehydes and imines. Stereogenic centres or other elements of chirality (planes, axes) can be introduced in the synthetic design. Schiff base ligands are able to coordinate many different metals, and to stabilize them in various oxidation states, enabling the use of Schiff base metal complexes for a large variety of useful catalytic transformations. Practical guidelines for the preparation and use of different Schiff base metal complexes in the field of catalytic transformations are discussed in this tutorial review.
<title>Ultra-Wide Waveband Optics</title> (1984)

Optical systems are normally usable over a restricted spectral waveband. A refractive optical system will only transmit radiation over a limited range of wavelengths and it may only produce well color corrected images over part of this transmission band. This paper discusses the design of lens systems for use over the extended waveband from about 0.4 microns to 12 microns, which encompasses the visible, the 3-5 micron mid-infrared and the 8-12 micron thermal wavebands. Discussion is given to the available optical materials including glasses formed by chemical vapor deposition and crystalline materials. The relationships between the refractive and dispersive properties required for wide band color correction are formulated and several designs are described which use two and three optical materials. Some discussion is given to the coatings required for such optics viz. ultra-wide band anti-reflection, mirror and beam splitting coatings. The potential use of this type of optical system is in multi-sensor applications such as dual visual/thermal observation systems perhaps employing staring array technology and/or CO2 laser incorporation.
Controlling substrate currents in junction-isolated ICs (1991)

Substrate currents can cause a variety of difficulties ranging from improper operation to catastrophic failure. The effects of substrate currents are characterized and techniques are developed for avoiding problems. Method of optimizing layout to control substrate currents and their effects are discussed. It is shown that these currents are strongly influenced by the properties of the die-attach interface. Fault conditions that can generate destructive hole and electron current densities in the substrate are described, and IC clamp diodes, often required to control these fault conditions, are analyzed. An example gives an appreciation of what must be considered in the design of a practical IC along with the results that might be expected.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Get smart about removing slag (2005)

More often than not, sootblowing is literally a shot in the dark. Clyde Bergemann's solution to this problem: control sootblowing operations intelligently, based on the outputs of real-time weight and heat-flux sensors and the calculations of a computer model. The company's intelligent sootblowing system contains many pieces - SmartCannons to clean the furnace by water jets; SmartSensors to detect heat flux, SmartGuages to detect slag buildup, SmartLances aimed at the superheater and reheater, SmartModel to determine when and where cleaning is needed, and SmartControls to direct operations. 3 figs.
Toward A Trustful B To B Relationship (2009)

Being trusted by the buyer has to be considered as an intangible asset that constitutes a considerable competitive advantage. To enjoy this advantage it becomes ineluctable to determine the trust’s antecedents. This survey tents to bring elements of answer for this problematic in an industrial context.The emphasis has been placed, in one side, on the importance of trust as a condition of successful relationship marketing, in the other side, on its conceptualization. Finally, and while distinguishing two targets of trust, the seller and his salesperson, an empiric verification close to electronic industrial buyers, indicate that several variables influence trust’s development towards the seller firm and its salespersons and that it (trust) can be transferred from the latter to the former.
In-process evaluation for software inspection and test (1993)

The goal of software inspection and test is to reduce the expected cost of software failure over the life of a product. The authors extend the use of defect triggers, the events that cause defects to be discovered, to help evaluate the effectiveness of inspections and test scenarios. In the case of inspections, the defect trigger is defined as a set of values that associate the skills of the inspector with the discovered defect. Similarly, for test scenarios, the defect trigger values embody the deferring strategies being used in creating these scenarios. The usefulness of triggers in evaluating the effectiveness of software inspections and tests is demonstrated by evaluating the inspection and test activities of some software products. These evaluations are used to point to deficiencies in inspection and test strategies, and to progress made in improving such strategies. The trigger distribution of the entire inspection or test series may then be used to highlight areas for further investigation, with the aim of improving the design, implementation, and test processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ABO chimerism determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis after ABO-incompatible haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (2013)

ABO chimerism can be well analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction with ABO gene-associated nucleotide polymorphic sites. This strategy could be very beneficial for the early and accurate judgement of the crucial point of transition in order to plan a safe transfusion strategy following ABO-incompatible transplantation.
ATHENA: A Personalized Platform to Promote an Active Lifestyle and Wellbeing Based on Physical, Mental and Social Health Primitives (2014)

Technology provides ample opportunities for the acquisition and processing of physical, mental and social health primitives. However, several challenges remain for researchers as how to define the relationship between reported physical activities, mood and social interaction to define an active lifestyle. We are conducting a project, ATHENA(activity-awareness for human-engaged wellness applications) to design and integrate the relationship between these basic health primitives to approximate the human lifestyle and real-time recommendations for wellbeing services. Our goal is to develop a system to promote an active lifestyle for individuals and to recommend to them valuable interventions by making comparisons to their past habits. The proposed system processes sensory data through our developed machine learning algorithms inside smart devices and utilizes cloud infrastructure to reduce the cost. We exploit big data infrastructure for massive sensory data storage and fast retrieval for recommendations. Our contributions include the development of a prototype system to promote an active lifestyle and a visual design capable of engaging users in the goal of increasing self-motivation. We believe that our study will impact the design of future ubiquitous wellness applications.
Interleukin-8 response of gastric epithelial cell lines to Helicobacter pylori stimulation in vitro (1995)

Gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori activates a mucosal inflammatory response by mononuclear cells and neutrophils that includes expression of cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-8. In this study, we analyzed the IL-8 response of human gastric cancer cell lines (Kato III, AGS, and MKN28) to H. pylori infection in vitro. IL-8 mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcription-PCR amplification of RNA extracted from epithelial cells after incubation with different H. pylori wild-type and mutant strains, and IL-8 secretion was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Exposure to viable H. pylori induced IL-8 mRNA and protein synthesis in all three gastric cell lines but not in nongastric epithelial cell lines. Heat-killed H. pylori and a crude cytotoxin preparation did not induce significant IL-8 secretion. IL-8 mRNA peaked between 2 and 4 h postinfection, and IL-8 protein production was maximal 24 h postinfection. Exposure of gastric carcinoma cells to other gastrointestinal bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Campylobacter jejuni, and Escherichia coli, but not Campylobacter fetus, induced IL-8 synthesis. Wild-type strains that expressed the vacuolating cytotoxin (Tox+) and a cytotoxin-associated gene (cagA) product (CagA+) induced significantly more IL-8 than did CagA- Tox- strains. However, there was no decrease in IL-8 induction by isogenic mutants of CagA-, Tox-, or Cag- Tox- strains or by a mutant lacking the urease subunits. These results indicate that exposure to H. pylori and other gram-negative organisms that do not colonize the gastric mucosa induces IL-8 production by gastric carcinoma cells in vitro. Although the CagA+ Tox+ phenotype of H. pylori is associated with enhanced IL-8 production by gastric cell lines, other bacterial constituents are clearly essential.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus: An Overview (2007)

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most common congenital heart defects, accounting for 5%-10% of all congenital heart disease in term infants. The occurrence of PDA is inversely related to gestational age and weight, with an even greater incidence in preterm infants. The maintenance of ductal patency is essential for the normal development of the fetus. In the neonate, however, persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus (DA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Normally, at birth, the DA constricts, resulting in intraluminal ischemic hypoxia, which eventually leads to closure and remodeling of the ductus. PDA in term infants is usually associated with a functional defect, whereas in preterm infants it is associated with immaturity. Normal physiologic mechanisms contributing to closure - oxygen tension and decreased prostaglandins-are altered in prematurity. Clinical signs of ductal patency include murmur, tachycardia, bounding peripheral pulses, and congestive heart failure and associated symptoms. Symptoms are not always present; therefore, diagnostic imaging is critical if a PDA is suspected on clinical grounds. Three management strategies are currently available for PDA: fluid restriction and diuretics (as clinically appropriate), medical intervention, and surgical ligation. Pharmacologic closure can be achieved via administration of intravenous indomethacin or ibuprofen lysine. While both agents have shown similar efficacy, ibuprofen lysine has demonstrated an improved safety profile, particularly in terms of renal effects, compared to indomethacin.
A subharmonically injected LC delay line oscillator for 17-GHz quadrature LO generation (2004)

An injection-locked delay line oscillator multiplies a 5-6-GHz input by 3 to generate I/Q LO signals for 17-GHz wireless networking applications. I/Q errors caused by asymmetric injection are minimized by symmetric injection via a passive polyphase prefilter. Passive delay lines set the measured free-running frequency of the LC ring oscillator to 16.24 GHz. The measured locking range for a 0 dBm (50 /spl Omega/) input is 14.6-17.86 GHz. Input-to-output phase noise degradation is negligible, and I/Q amplitude and phase errors are <0.17 dB and <2/spl deg/, respectively. Power consumption of the 1.2/spl times/1.4 mm/sup 2/ 0.2 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS testchip (excluding buffers) is 22 mW at 2.2 V.
Skeletal Muscle Capillarity during Hypoxia: VEGF and Its Activation (2008)

Long-term exposure of humans and many mammals to hypoxia leads to the activation of several cellular mechanisms within skeletal muscles that compensate for a limited availability of cellular oxygen. One of these cellular mechanisms is to increase the expression of a subset of hypoxia-inducible genes, including the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The VEGF promoter contains a hypoxic response element (HRE) that can bind the transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha; (HIF-1alpha), and initiate transcriptional activation of the VEGF gene. VEGF gene expression is critically important for skeletal muscle angiogenesis and VEGF gene deletion in the mouse has been shown to greatly reduce skeletal muscle capillarity. However, HIF-1alpha-dependent transcriptional activation of the VEGF gene may not be the only signaling pathway that leads to increased or maintained VEGF levels under conditions of acute or long-term hypoxia. Additional mechanisms, induced during hypoxic exposure that could signal skeletal muscle VEGF activation include inflammation, possibly linked to reactive O(2) species generation, or a change in cellular energy status as reflected by AMP kinase activity. These pathways may provide quite different mechanisms for VEGF upregulation in the context of muscular activity during long-term exposure to a hypoxic environment such as occurs at high altitude. This review will accordingly discuss the potential cellular signals or stimuli resulting from hypoxic exposure that could increase myocyte VEGF expression. These cellular signals include 1) a decrease in intracellular P(O(2)), 2) skeletal muscle inflammation, associated cytokines and oxidative stress, and 3) an increase in AMP kinase activity and adenosine accompanying a reduction in cellular energy potential.
A fully integrated 96GHz 2&#x00D7;2 focal-plane array with On-Chip antenna (2011)

A fully integrated 96 GHz 2 × 2 focal-plane array (FPA) direct conversion imager in 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> =200/180 GHz) employing four integrated antennas with Dicke switches and LO generation/distribution is presented. The PLL plus tripler achieves a locking range of 92.67-98.2 GHz and phase noise of -93 dBc/Hz at 96 GHz measured at 1 MHz offset. The 3.5 × 3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chip achieves an average responsivity and NEP of 285 MV/W and 8.1 fW/√Hz, respectively, across 86-106 GHz band and an NETD of 0.48 K. The chip consumes 695 mW from 1.8 V/2.5 V supplies.
The crystal structure of khusimol p-bromobenzoate (1969)

R. M. Coates, R. F. Farney, S. M. Johnson and I. C. Paul, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 999 DOI: 10.1039/C29690000999
Coordinated ATP Hydrolysis by the Hsp90 Dimer (2001)

The Hsp90 dimer is a molecular chaperone with an unusual N-terminal ATP binding site. The structure of the ATP binding site makes it a member of a new class of ATP-hydrolyzing enzymes, known as the GHKL family. While for some of the family members structural data on conformational changes occurring after ATP binding are available, these are still lacking for Hsp90. Here we set out to investigate the correlation between dimerization and ATP hydrolysis by Hsp90. The dimerization constant of wild type (WT) Hsp90 was determined to be 60 nm. Heterodimers of WT Hsp90 with fragments lacking the ATP binding domain form readily and exhibit dimerization constants similar to full-length Hsp90. However, the ATPase activity of these heterodimers was significantly lower than that of the wild type protein, indicating cooperative interactions in the N-terminal part of the protein that lead to the activation of the ATPase activity. To further address the contribution of the N-terminal domains to the ATPase activity, we used an Hsp90 point mutant that is unable to bind ATP. Since heterodimers between the WT protein and this mutant showed WT ATPase activity, this mutant, although unable to bind ATP, still has the ability to stimulate the activity in its WT partner domain. Thus, contact formation between the N-terminal domains might not depend on ATP bound to both domains. Together, these results suggest a mechanism for coupling the hydrolysis of ATP to the opening-closing movement of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone.
Microbiological and Enzymatic Production of Flavor and Fragrance Chemicals (1989)

(1989). Microbiological and Enzymatic Production of Flavor and Fragrance Chemicals. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 105-169.
Variable-step-size multimodulus blind decision-feedback equalization for high-order QAM based on boundary MSE estimation (2004)

We consider blind decision-feedback equalization (DFE) under high-order modulation, which presents more difficult operating requirements than lower-order modulation. We base our design on the multimodulus algorithm (MMA). To attain fast convergence speed and low steady-state mean-square error (MSE), we consider varying the adaptation step size according to the presently achieved MSE. For this we investigate the properties of the MSE under blind MMA-based DFE and, based on the results, propose a method to estimate its value. The estimate is obtained by analyzing those equalizer filter outputs whose values fall outside the boundary of the modulation's constellation. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Decentralized public key infrastructure development principles (2018)

The existing public key infrastructure main development principles are given. Problems related to the functioning of such system are described. The opportunity to secure use an alternative trust model (i.e. trust model around the user) is shown. New concept for public key infrastructure development based on blockchain technology is proposed. Such concept avoids the weaknesses and shortcomings of a hierarchical architecture.
Theoretical investigation of Josephson tunneling between nanoclusters (2010)

Josephson tunneling between nanoclusters is analyzed. The discrete nature of the electronic energy spectra, including their shell ordering, is explicitly taken into account. The treatment considers the two distinct cases of resonant and nonresonant tunneling. It is demonstrated that the current density greatly exceeds the value discussed in the conventional theory. Nanoparticles are shown to be promising building blocks for nanomaterials-based tunneling networks.