gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase-locked carrier-envelope-offset frequency at 1560 nm (2004)

We report on the measurement of an Erbium-fiber oscillator's carrier-envelope-offset frequency using an extruded SF6 photonic crystal fiber for the generation of a more than two octave-spanning supercontinuum from 400 nm to beyond 1750 nm. A modified type of f-2f-interferometer was employed, beating the frequency doubled input signal of the fiber oscillator with the supercontinuum to generate the carrier-envelope-offset beat. Controlling the fiber oscillator's pump power with an electronic feedback loop, we phase-locked the carrier-envelope-offset frequency to an external reference source. The resulting residual phase excursions correspond to fractional frequency instabilities of the oscillator's frequency comb of the order of 10(-16) for averaging times longer than 10 s.
Periodic nanohole arrays with shape-enhanced plasmon resonance as real-time biosensors (2007)

The authors report a combination of the enhanced transmission effect and shape resonances in a periodic array of nanoscale double-hole structures in a gold film to enhance the detection sensitivity of surface plasmon biosensors. Finite-difference time-domain calculations are used to quantify field enhancement at the apexes of the double-hole structure. The double-hole array was used to measure the formation of a self-assembled monolayer and for real-time sensing of protein adsorption onto a gold surface. This result demonstrates the potential to integrate propagating surface plasmons and localized shape resonances to improve real-time biosensors.
Demodulation of cochannel FSK signals using joint maximum likelihood sequence estimation (2002)

This paper describes a technique for demodulating cochannel Manchester-encoded, frequency-shift-keyed (MEFSK) signals even when the two signals have equal power. Both data sequences are recovered. The technique is based on joint maximum likelihood sequence estimation (JMLSE). The Viterbi algorithm is used to minimize the computational requirements. Adaptive loops track the transmitter carrier and filtering characteristics. The demodulator performance is evaluated as a function of baudrate offset, carrier power separation and additive noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metastable doping behavior in antimony-implanted (100) silicon (1982)

High-dose antimony-implanted (100) silicon has been activated by furnace annealing at temperatures ∼600 °C to achieve active concentrations up to 3×1020 cm−3, an order of magnitude in excess of the equilibrium solubility limit for antimony in silicon. Both channeling and electrical measurements indicate that such doping levels are metastable. Subsequent annealing for longer times at higher temperatures results in a return to near-equilibrium conditions as indicated by a reduction in both the substitutional antimony fraction and the measured active concentration. The observed annealing behavior and deactivation processes for antimony in silicon appear to show important differences from results previously obtained for arsenic in silicon.
Magnesium(II)-Binaphtholate as a Practical Chiral Catalyst for the Enantioselective Direct Mannich-Type Reaction with Malonates (2010)

A highly enantioselective direct Mannich-type reaction of aldimines with dialkyl malonates was developed with the use of a Mg(II)-BINOLate salt, which was designed as a cooperative acid-base catalyst that can activate both aldimines and malonates. Optically active beta-aminoesters and alpha-halo-beta-aminoesters could be synthesized in high yields and with high enantioselectivities. This inexpensive and practical Mg(II)-BINOLate salt could be used in gram-scale catalysis.
Modification of shape memory polymer foams using tungsten, aluminum oxide, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (2015)

Shape memory polymer (SMP) foams were synthesized with three different nanoparticles (tungsten, silicon dioxide, and aluminum oxide) for embolization of cerebral aneurysms. Ultra-low density SMP foams have previously been utilized for aneurysm occlusion, resulting in a rapid, stable thrombus. However, the small cross section of foam struts can potentially lead to fracture and particulate generation, which would be a serious adverse event for an embolic device. The goal of this study was to improve the mechanical properties of the system by physically incorporating fillers into the SMP matrix. Thermal and mechanical characterization suggested minimal changes in thermal transition of the SMP nanocomposites and improved mechanical strength and toughness for systems with low filler content. Actuation profiles of the three polymer systems were tuned with filler type and content, resulting in faster SMP foam actuation for nanocomposites containing higher filler content. Additionally, thermal stability of the SMP nanocomposites improved with increasing filler concentration, and particulate count remained well below accepted standard limits for all systems. Extraction studies demonstrated little release of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide from the bulk over 16 days. Tungstun release increased over the 16 day examination period, with a maximum measured concentration of approxiately 2.87 μg/mL. The SMP nanocomposites developed through this research have the potential for use in medical devices due to their tailorable mechanical properties, thermal resisitivity, and actuation profiles.
Zone Based Resource Allocation for OFDMA Systems (2006)

This paper investigates the performance benefits of different resource allocation strategies that take advantage of permutation zones specified in IEEE 802.16e-based OFDMA systems. In particular, we propose and investigate the benefits of a sub-zone scheduling approach where each permutation zone is partitioned into sub-zones that are used for scheduling subsets of eligible users according to their prevailing link quality. In the scenarios considered, the proposed sub-zone scheduling approach allows improvements in sector throughputs as high as 80% relative to a baseline IEEE 802.16e-based OFDMA system while maintaining the system outage at acceptable levels.
Germinal center formation, immunoglobulin class switching, and autoantibody production driven by "non alpha/beta" T cells. (1996)

The production of class-switched antibodies, particularly immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and IgE, occurs efficiently in T cell receptor (TCR) alpha-/- mice that are congenitally devoid of alpha/beta T cells. This finding runs counter to a wealth of data indicating that IgG1 and IgE synthesis are largely dependent on the collaboration between B and alpha/beta T cells. Furthermore, many of the antibodies synthesized in TCR alpha-/- mice are reactive to a similar spectrum of self-antigens as that targeted by autoantibodies characterizing human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE, too, is most commonly regarded as an alpha/beta T cell-mediated condition. To distinguish whether the development of autoantibodies in TCR alpha-/- mice is due to an intrinsic de-regulation of B cells, or to a heretofore poorly characterized collaboration between B and "non-alpha/beta T" cells, the phenotype has been reconstituted by transfer of various populations of B and non-alpha/beta T cells including cloned gamma/delta T cells derived from TCR alpha-/- mice, to severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. The results establish that the reproducible production of IgG1 (including autoantibodies) is a product of non-alpha/beta T cell help that can be provided by gamma/delta T cells. This type of B-T collaboration sustains the production of germinal centers, lymphoid follicles that ordinarily are anatomical signatures of alpha/beta T-B cell collaboration. Thus, non-alpha/beta T cell help may drive Ig synthesis and autoreactivity under various circumstances, especially in cases of alpha/beta T cell immunodeficiency.
Gold nanoparticle-based biosensors (2010)

The unique properties of gold nanoparticles have stimulated the increasing interest in the application of GNPs in interfacing biological recognition events with signal transduction and in designing biosensing devices exhibiting novel functions. The optical properties of GNPs provide wide range opportunities for construction optical biosensors. The excellent biocompatibility, conductivity, catalytic properties and high surface-to-volume ratio and high density of GNPs facilitate extensive application of GNPs in construction of electrochemical and piezoelectric biosensors with enhanced analytical performance with respect to other biosensor designs. In this article, the recent advances in construction of GNP-based optical, electrochemical and piezoelectric biosensors are reviewed, and some illustrative examples given, with a focus on the roles GNPs play in the biosensing process and the mechanism of GNPs for improving the analytical performances. Finally, the review concludes with an outline of present and future research for the real-world applications.
Regulation of Collagen Type I in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Competition between Nkx2.5 and δEF1/ZEB1 (2004)

A major component of the vessel wall of large arteries and veins is the extracellular matrix (ECM), which consists of collagens, elastin, and proteoglycans. Collagen type I is one of the most abundant of the ECM proteins. We have previously shown that the pro-collagen type I alpha 2 gene contains an enhancer which confers tissue-specific expression in the majority of collagen-producing cells, including blood vessels. In this paper, we delineate a specific vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) element: a 100-bp sequence around -16.6 kb upstream of the transcription start site that regulates collagen expression exclusively in vSMCs. Furthermore, we show that the expression is activated through the binding of the homeodomain protein Nkx2.5, which is further potentiated in the presence of GATA6. In contrast, this element was repressed by the binding of the zinc-finger protein deltaEF1/ZEB1. We propose a model of regulation where the activating transcription factor Nkx2.5 and the repressor deltaEF1/ZEB1 compete for an overlapping DNA binding site. This element is important in understanding the molecular mechanisms of vessel remodeling and is a potential target for intervention in vascular diseases where there is excessive deposition of collagen in the vessel wall.
Naphthalenesulphonamides block neutrophil superoxide production by intact cells and in a cell-free system: is myosin light chain kinase responsible for these effects? (1995)

Selective antagonists of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) [e.g. ML-7; 1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride] were found to inhibit superoxide (O2-) release from stimulated neutrophils. The concentrations of ML-7 that were inhibitory were substantially lower than those reported for a selective antagonist of protein kinase C [i.e. H-7; 1-(5-isoquinolinesulphonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride]. ML-7 also reduced the phosphorylation of the 47 kDa subunit of the NADPH-oxidase system (p47-phox) and blocked translocation of this protein to the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction in stimulated cells. Interestingly, ML-7 also inhibited O2- production in a cell-free system derived from neutrophils at concentrations similar to those that were effective in vivo. This cell-free system does not require ATP and is insensitive to all other inhibitors of protein kinases tested, including some highly effective against MLCK (i.e. staurosporine). Thus, the data suggest that ML-7 does not block O2- release by inhibiting a protein kinase but instead may interact directly with a subunit of the oxidase. The binding site for ML-7 may provide a valuable target for inhibiting the inflammatory properties of phagocytic leucocytes by naphthalenesulphonamides designed to lack activity against protein kinases.
Materialized view evolution support in data warehouse environment (2003)

As a sufficiently abstract level, the data in the data warehouse can be seen as a set of materialized views, where the base data resides at the information sources. These materialized views are designed based on the users' requirements (e.g., frequently asked queries). However, a data warehouse is a dynamic environment, i.e., when user query requirement changes, the existing materialized views should evolve to meet the new requirement. These changes will demand schema changes at the warehouse and should be handled with as little disruption or modification to other components of the warehousing system as possible. We propose a framework to determine if the existing materialized views will be affected by the requirement changes, and how they are affected. Algorithms are proposed to deal with the situation when a new query is added in. The aim of the algorithms is to efficiently get the new materialized views by analysing the relationships among queries using MVPP, a specification for a query processing plan.
Aliovalent Doping of CeBr 3 (2010)

Despite the outstanding scintillation performance characteristics of CeBr<sub>3</sub> and LaBr<sub>3</sub>:Ce, commercial availability and application is limited due to the difficulties with crystal growth of large, crack-free single crystals of these fragile materials. Aliovalent doping was employed to strengthen CeBr3 in an effort to ease crystal growth constraints and improve ingot yields. Six divalent (Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Sr<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup> and Pb<sup>2+</sup>) and two tetravalent cations (Zr<sup>4+</sup> and Hf<sup>4+</sup>) were investigated as dopants to strengthen CeBr3 without negatively impacting scintillation performance. Ingots containing nominal concentrations of 500ppm and 1000ppm of each dopant were grown. Fluorimetry, preliminary scintillation, and preliminary fracture toughness measurements are presented for these aliovalently-doped scintillators. While Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, and Hf<sup>4+</sup> all exhibited little or no change in the peak fluorescence emission for 300nm excitation, Sr<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>, and Zr<sup>4+</sup> exhibited varying degrees of red-shifting. As expected, Pb<sup>2+</sup> had a drastic detrimental effect on scintillation. Initial microindentation data indeed indicates a noticeable increase in the fracture toughness of the doped crystals as compared to undoped CeBr<sub>3</sub>.
Digital delay locked loop with open-loop digital duty cycle corrector for 1.2Gb/s/pin double data rate SDRAM (2004)

A digital delay locked loop (DLL) for 1.2 Gb/s/pin double data rate (DDR) SDRAM is described, which incorporates duty cycle correction (DCC). The DCC locking information is also stored as a digital code for fast wake-up from power-down mode and DCC control is done in an open-loop, enabling fast locking of the DCC loop with minimum additional power consumption. The DLL, implemented in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, provides an output clock with 64 ps peak-to-peak jitter and the accuracy of the DCC is /spl plusmn/0.7% for /spl plusmn/10% input duty error from 250 MHz to 600 MHz clock frequency. The digital DLL, excluding I/O buffers, dissipates 10 mW from a 2.5 V power supply.
Insertion of a Metal Nitride into Carbon−Carbon Double Bonds (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTInsertion of a Metal Nitride into Carbon−Carbon Double BondsSeth N. BrownView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 41, 9752–9753Publication Date (Web):September 29, 1999Publication History Received9 July 1999Published online29 September 1999Published inissue 1 October 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja992385vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja992385vrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1180Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbon,Hydrocarbons,Nitrides,Organometallic reactions,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
Use of Fuzzy Algorithms for Phonetic and Phonemic Labeling of Continuous Speech (1980)

A model for assigning phonetic and phonemic labels to speech segments is presented. The system executes fuzzy algorithms that assign degrees of worthiness to structured interpretations of syllabic segments extracted from the signal of a spoken sentence. The knowledge source is a series of syntactic rules whose syntactic categories are phonetic and phonemic features detected by a precategorical and a categorical classification of speech sounds. Rules inferred from experiments and results for male and female voices are presented.
Early TCR Signaling Induces Rapid Aerobic Glycolysis Enabling Distinct Acute T Cell Effector Functions (2018)

To fulfill bioenergetic demands of activation, T cells perform aerobic glycolysis, a process common to highly proliferative cells in which glucose is fermented into lactate rather than oxidized in mitochondria. However, the signaling events that initiate aerobic glycolysis in T cells remain unclear. We show T cell activation rapidly induces glycolysis independent of transcription, translation, CD28, and Akt and not involving increased glucose uptake or activity of glycolytic enzymes. Rather, TCR signaling promotes activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDHK1), inhibiting mitochondrial import of pyruvate and facilitating breakdown into lactate. Inhibition of PDHK1 reveals this switch is required acutely for cytokine synthesis but dispensable for cytotoxicity. Functionally, cytokine synthesis is modulated via lactate dehydrogenase, which represses cytokine mRNA translation when aerobic glycolysis is disengaged. Our data provide mechanistic insight to metabolic contribution to effector T cell function and suggest that T cell function may be finely tuned through modulation of glycolytic activity.
Evaluation of a Spark Discharge Particulate Matter Sensor in a Turbocharged Diesel Engine (2007)

This paper describes an experimental study of a Particulate Matter (PM) sensor that is intended for on-board control and diagnostic applications in diesel engines. The sensor measures the exhaust PM concentration based upon changes in the voltage waveform of a repetitive, low energy spark discharge. The sensor is electrically heated to prevent carbon fouling from diesel soot and to control its operating temperature. Earlier versions of the sensor were installed directly in the engine exhaust pipe like an Exhaust Gas Oxygen sensor. It was determined that the output of the PM sensor was sensitive to temperature as well as PM concentration, and variations in exhaust temperature made it difficult to maintain the sensor at a constant temperature. In the present study, the sensor was mounted in an electrically heated chamber and a portion of the engine exhaust was bypassed through the chamber. This made it possible to improve the stability of the sensor temperature, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the PM indication to changes in exhaust temperature as the engine load was varied. The PM sensor has been evaluated using a Caterpillar Model 3126 turbocharged 6-cylinder medium duty diesel engine. Small changes in load were used to create minor variations in exhaust PM levels. The PM levels were measured using an AVL 415S smoke meter. Experimental results are presented showing the correlation between the PM sensor signal and the reference PM measurements and the impact of speed and load variations on the correlation.
<i>Staphylococcus caprae</i> Strains Carry Determinants Known To Be Involved in Pathogenicity: a Gene Encoding an Autolysin-Binding Fibronectin and the <i>ica</i> Operon Involved in Biofilm Formation (2001)

The atlC gene (1,485 bp), encoding an autolysin which binds fibronectin, and the ica operon, involved in biofilm formation, were isolated from the chromosome of an infectious isolate of Staphylococcus caprae and sequenced. AtlC (155 kDa) is similar to the staphylococcal autolysins Atl, AtlE, Aas (48 to 72% amino acid identity) and contains a putative signal peptide of 29 amino acids and two enzymatic centers (N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase) interconnected by three imperfect fibronectin-binding repeats. The glycine-tryptophan (GW) motif found in the central and end part of each repeat may serve for cell surface anchoring of AtlC as they do in Listeria monocytogenes. The S. caprae ica operon contains four genes closely related to S. epidermidis and S. aureus icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaD genes (> or = 68% similarity) and is preceded by a gene similar to icaR (> or =70% similarity). The polypeptides deduced from the S. caprae ica genes exhibit 67 to 88% amino acid identity to those of S. epidermidis and S. aureus ica genes. The ica operon and icaR gene were analyzed in 14 S. caprae strains from human specimens or goats' milk. Some of the strains produced biofilm, and others did not. All strains carry the ica operon and icaR of the same sizes and in the same relative positions, suggesting that the absence of biofilm formation is not related to the insertion of a mobile element such as an insertion sequence or a transposon.
A new class of temporarily phenotypic enhancers identified by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic screening (2016)

With <2% of the human genome coding for proteins, a major challenge is to interpret the function of the noncoding DNA. Millions of regulatory sequences have been predicted in the human genome through analysis of DNA methylation, chromatin modification, hypersensitivity to nucleases, and transcription factor binding, but few have been shown to regulate transcription in their native contexts. We have developed a high-throughput CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing strategy and used it to interrogate 174 candidate regulatory sequences within the 1-Mbp POU5F1 locus in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We identified two classical regulatory elements, including a promoter and a proximal enhancer, that are essential for POU5F1 transcription in hESCs. Unexpectedly, we also discovered a new class of enhancers that contribute to POU5F1 transcription in an unusual way: Disruption of such sequences led to a temporary loss of POU5F1 transcription that is fully restored after a few rounds of cell division. These results demonstrate the utility of high-throughput screening for functional characterization of noncoding DNA and reveal a previously unrecognized layer of gene regulation in human cells.