gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A low-power wireless camera system (1999)

This paper describes the system design of a low-power wireless camera. A system level approach is used to reduce energy dissipation and maximize battery lifetime. System properties such as the network configuration and data statistics are exploited to minimize computational switching. Embedded power supplies systems are also used to minimize energy dissipation under varying temperature, process parameters and computational workload. Since the camera operates in a burst mode with long idle periods, emphasis must be placed on reducing system standby power dissipation.
Mycobacterial Infections in Animals (1981)

Mycobacteria other than mammalian tubercle bacilli are capable of producing disease in a wide range of animal hosts. Serotypes of Mycobacterium avium complex cause the most important mycobacterial diseases in domestic animals. Although disease is most common in lymph nodes, a wide variety of tissues may be involved, including tissue from spleen, liver, lungs, kidney, central nervous system, gall bladder, intestinal mucosa, skeletal system, ovaries, and the skin.
Direct Voice Control Speech Data Entry and Database Query Models (2007)

Speech as a result of natural language processing provides a natural, efficient and flexible means of user interaction with computers in a messaging and communication environment. In discussing several spoken language data entry and database query prototype models, this report discusses examples from two very different domains: 1) sophisticated applications such as direct voice input/direct voice control (DVI/DVC), the personalized speech piloting system in Europe's newest military aircraft, the Eurofighter/Typhoon by EADS and 2) business-to-business electronic commerce (B2B EC). Whether B2B EC or combat aircraft control, both applications feature prominently when it comes to Al-solutions of natural language data processing. The paper focusses on specific problems such as multilinguality, speech recognition, natural language data processing (e.g. type-token related semantic approaches vs. syntactic generation (K. Aizawa, 1994)) that still need further research in order to secure efficient natural language speech control or business data management.
Giant Molecular Shape Amphiphiles Based on Polystyrene–Hydrophilic [60]Fullerene Conjugates: Click Synthesis, Solution Self-Assembly, and Phase Behavior (2012)

This paper reports a comprehensive study on the synthesis and self-assembly of two model series of molecular shape amphiphiles, namely, hydrophilic [60]fullerene (AC(60)) tethered with one or two polystyrene (PS) chain(s) at one junction point (PS(n)-AC(60) and 2PS(n)-AC(60)). The synthesis highlighted the regiospecific multiaddition reaction for C(60) surface functionalization and the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between alkyne functionalized C(60) and azide functionalized polymer to give rise to shape amphiphiles with precisely defined surface chemistry and molecular topology. When 1,4-dioxane/DMF mixture was used as the common solvent and water as the selective solvent, these shape amphiphiles exhibited versatile self-assembled micellar morphologies which can be tuned by changing various parameters, such as molecular topology, polymer tail length, and initial molecular concentration, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy and light scattering experiments. In the low molecular concentration range of equal or less than 0.25 (wt) %, micellar morphology of the series of PS(n)-AC(60) studied was always spheres, while the series of 2PS(n)-AC(60) formed vesicles. Particularly, PS(44)-AC(60) and 2PS(23)-AC(60) are synthesized as a topological isomer pair of these shape amphiphiles. PS(44)-AC(60) formed spherical micelles while 2PS(23)-AC(60) generated bilayer vesicles under identical conditions. The difference in the self-assembly of PS(n)-AC(60) and 2PS(n)-AC(60) was understood by the molecular shape aspect ratio. The stretching ratio of PS tails decreased with increasing PS tail length in the spherical micelles of PS(n)-AC(60), indicating a micellar behavior that changes from small molecular surfactant-like to amphiphilic block copolymer-like. For the series of PS(n)-AC(60) in the high molecular concentration range [>0.25 (wt) %], their micellar morphological formation of spheres, cylinders, and vesicles was critically dependent upon both the initial molecular concentration and the PS tail length. On the other hand, the series of 2PS(n)-AC(60) remained in the state of bilayer vesicles in the same concentration range. Combining both of the experimental results obtained in the low and high molecular concentrations, a systematic morphological phase diagram was constructed for the series of PS(n)-AC(60) with different PS tail lengths. The versatile and concentration-sensitive phase behaviors of these molecular shape amphiphiles are unique and have not been systematically explored in the traditional surfactants and block copolymers systems.
Angular Rate Estimation Using a Distributed Set of Accelerometers (2011)

A distributed set of accelerometers based on the minimum number of 12 accelerometers allows for computation of the magnitude of angular rate without using the integration operation. However, it is not easy to extract the magnitude of angular rate in the presence of the accelerometer noises, and even worse, it is difficult to determine the direction of a rotation because the angular rate is present in its quadratic form within the inertial measurement system equations. In this paper, an extended Kalman filter scheme to correctly estimate both the direction and magnitude of the angular rate through fusion of the angular acceleration and quadratic form of the angular rate is proposed. We also provide observability analysis for the general distributed accelerometers-based inertial measurement unit, and show that the angular rate can be correctly estimated by general nonlinear state estimators such as an extended Kalman filter, except under certain extreme conditions.
Hyaluronan-oligosaccharide-induced transcription of metalloproteases (2003)

Activated dendritic epidermal Langerhans cells and metastatic tumour cells share many properties. Both cell types can invade the surrounding tissue, enter the lymphatic system and travel to regional lymph nodes. We have recently shown that fragments of the extracellular matrix component hyaluronan, which are typically produced at sites of inflammation, can activate dendritic cells. Upon activation, dendritic cells upregulate expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). These observations prompted us to investigate whether exposure to hyaluronan fragments also induces MMP expression in tumour cells. Here, we report that MMP-9, MMP-13 and urokinase plasminogen activator are upregulated in murine 3LL tumour cells after exposure to mixed-size hyaluronan. Similarly upregulated MMP-9 and MMP-13 expression was observed in primary fibroblasts. By using size-fractionated hyaluronan preparations, we show that the enhanced expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13 is only induced by small hyaluronan (HA) fragments. Although our data suggest that HA-fragment-induced MMP-9 and MMP-13 expression is receptor mediated, they rule out an involvement of the hyaluronan receptors CD44, RHAMM/IHAP and TLR-4. Finally, we show that HA fragment-induced MMP-9 transcription is mediated via NF-kappa B. Our results suggest that the metastasis-associated HA degradation in tumours might promote invasion by inducing MMP expression.
Targeting histone deacetylases in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2009)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a dismal disease with a median survival below 6 months and a 5-year survival rate below 1%. Effective therapies for locally advanced or metastatic tumours are missing and curatively resected patients relapse in over 80% of the cases. Although histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in the control of proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration and angiogenesis of cancer cells, knowledge about the expression patterns and functions of individual HDAC isoenzymes in pancreatic cancer is sparse. This review summarizes the roles of HDACs as novel therapeutic targets and the molecular mode of action of HDAC-inhibitors (HDACI) in PDACs. Success of HDACI in clinical settings will depend on an increased knowledge of HDAC functions as well as on a better understanding of the mode of action of HDACI. Pre-clinical experimental data that constitute the basis for rational therapeutic strategies to treat PDAC are described here. Translating these rational-based therapies into the clinic will finally increase our chance to establish an effective HDACI-containing combination therapy effective against PDAC.
BER analysis of QAM on fading channels with transmit diversity (2006)

In this letter, we derive analytical expressions for the bit error rate (BER) of space-time block codes (STBC) from complex orthogonal designs (COD) using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) on Rayleigh fading channels. We take a bit log-likelihood ratio (LLR) based approach to derive the BER expressions. The approach presented here can be used in the BER analysis of any STBC from COD with linear processing for any value of M in an M-QAM system. Here, we present the BER analysis and results for a 16-QAM system with i) (2-Tx, L-Rx) antennas using Alamouti code (rate-1 STBC), ii) (3-Tx, L-Rx) antennas using a rate-1/2 STBC, and iii) (5-Tx, L-Rx) antennas using a rate-7/11 STBC. In addition to being used in the BER analysis, the LLRs derived can also be used as soft inputs to decoders for various coded QAM schemes, including turbo coded QAM with space-time coding as in high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) in 3G.
Burkholderia kururiensis sp. nov., a trichloroethylene (TCE)-degrading bacterium isolated from an aquifer polluted with TCE. (2000)

A trichloroethylene (TCE)-degrading bacterium was isolated from an aquifer sample collected at a TCE-polluted site in Japan by enriching with phenol as sole carbon source. The isolate, designated strain KP23T, was a Gram-negative, oval-shaped micro-organism. A phylogenetic study based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain KP23T should be placed in the genus Burkholderia. Cellular fatty acids of the strain were mainly composed of C16:0, cyclopropanic acid C17:0 and cyclopropanic acid C19:0. Strain KP23T also contained notable amounts of C13:1 and C17:1. The G + C content of total DNA was 64.8 mol%. Strain KP23T oxidized various sugars and sugar alcohols as sole carbon source such as galactose, glucose, mannose, maltose, glycerol, inositol and mannitol. Comparisons of its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics with other known species belonging to the genus Burkholderia suggested that strain KP23T represents a new species in the genus. The name Burkholderia kururiensis is proposed for this species, with strain KP23T as the type strain (= JCM 10599T).
Efficient Electrochemical Reduction of N2 to NH3 Catalyzed by Lithium (1993)

Abstract A novel electrochemical N2 reduction system is reported. Ammonia was formed with a significant current efficiency (up to 8%) by a simple electrolysis, which was conducted under N2 now (1 atm) in a solution of LiClO4 (0.2 M) in tetrahydrofuran/ethanol (99:1 v/v) on some metal electrodes. Higher current efficiency (48.7%) for NH3 formation was achieved when the electrolysis was conducted under high pressure of N2 (50 atm). Lithium seemed to act as a catalyst (mediator) in this electrochemical system.
Remote-Sensing of Crop Yields (1977)

Our research efforts with durum wheat have led to the development of the SDD concept. Its application makes possible crop yield estimates from remotely acquired canopy temperatures and auxiliary air temperature measurements obtained during the period from head emergence to the cessation of head growth. Canopy albedo measurements appear adequate to delineate this critical period, making the technique potentially adaptable to predictions of crop yields by remote-sensing. The trifactor nomograms produced from combinations of the linear regression equations also suggest that the SDD concept may be used for scheduling irrigations by remote-sensing.
Colloidal Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets: An Exciting New Class of Semiconductor Nanomaterials (2017)

Metal halide perovskites are a family of semiconductor materials with exciting properties such as long charge carrier diffusion lengths, ease of synthesis and composition tunability, and remarkable defect tolerance. Recently, methods have been developed to synthesize metal halide perovskites in the form of colloidal nanosheets—or nanoplatelets—which are only a few unit cells in thickness and, as a result, experience the effects of strong dielectric and quantum confinement. This leads to narrow and blue-shifted absorption/emission as compared to the bulk state—allowing lead bromide and lead iodide nanoplatelets to cover the entire visible range. In contrast to bulk crystals, nanoplatelets exhibit strongly excitonic properties and enhanced radiative recombination. In this article we present an overview of colloidal perovskite nanoplatelets: how they are made, what their capabilities are, why 2D is beneficial, and where these materials are headed. We draw analogues to solid phase layered perovskites, cadmium selenide nanoplatelets, and 2D transition metal dichalcogenides to emphasize some of the most promising attributes of 2D materials such as their penchant for directional emission, fast/directional energy transfer, strong exciton binding energy, and reduced dielectric screening effects. We discuss the interesting physics present in these materials, remaining stability issues, and the future applications for nanoplatelets in LEDs, photovoltaics, photodetectors, and lasers.
Colon interposition in the treatment of esophageal caustic strictures: 40 years of experience (2007)

The objective of this article was to analyze 40 years of experience of colon interposition in the surgical treatment of caustic esophageal strictures from the standpoints of our long-term personal experience. Colon interposition has proved to be the most suitable type of reconstruction for esophageal corrosive strictures. The choice of colon graft is based on the pattern of blood supply, while the type of anastomosis is determined by the stricture level and the part of colon used for reconstruction. In the period between 1964 and 2004, colon interposition was performed in 336 patients with a corrosively scared esophagus, using the left colon in 76.78% of the patients. In 87.5% a colon interposition was performed, while in the remaining patients an additional esophagectomy with colon interposition had to be done. Hypopharyngeal strictures were present in 24.10% of the patients. Long-term follow-up results were obtained in the period between 1 to up to 30 years. Early postoperative complications occurred in 26.48% of patients, among which anastomosic leakage was the most common. The operative mortality rate was 4.16% and late postoperative complications were present in 13.99% of the patients. A long-term follow up obtained in 84.82% of the patients found excellent functional results in 75.89% of them. We conclude that a colon graft is an excellent esophageal substitute for patients with esophageal corrosive strictures, and when used by experienced surgical teams it provides a low rate of postoperative morbidity and mortality, and long-term good and functional quality of life.
Mutation of Critical GIRK Subunit Residues Disrupts N- and C-Termini Association and Channel Function (2005)

The subfamily of G-protein-linked inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs) is coupled to G-protein receptors throughout the CNS and in the heart. We used mutational analysis to address the role of a specific hydrophobic region of the GIRK1 subunit. Deletion of the GIRK1 C-terminal residues 330-384, as well as the point mutation I331R, resulted in a decrease in channel function when coexpressed with GIRK4 in oocytes and in COS-7 cells. Surface protein expression of GIRK1 I331R coexpressed with GIRK4 was comparable with wild type, indicating that subunits assemble and are correctly localized to the membrane. Subsequent mutation of homologous residues in both the GIRK4 subunit and Kir2.1 (Gbetagamma-independent inward rectifier) also resulted in a decrease in channel function. Intracellular domain associations resulted in the coimmunoprecipitation of the GIRK1 N and C termini and GIRK4 N and C termini. The point mutation I331R in the GIRK1 C terminus or L337R in the GIRK4 C terminus decreased the association between the N and C termini. Mutation of a GIRK1 N-terminal hydrophobic residue, predicted structurally to interact with the C-terminal domain, also resulted in a decrease in channel function and termini association. We hypothesize that the hydrophobic nature of this GIRK1 subunit region is critical for interaction between adjacent termini and is permissive for channel gating. In addition, the homologous mutation in cytoplasmic domains of Kir2.1 (L330R) did not disrupt association, suggesting that the overall structural integrity of this region is critical for inward rectifier function.
Targeting and plasticity of mitochondrial proteins revealed by proximity-specific ribosome profiling (2014)

Nearly all mitochondrial proteins are nuclear-encoded and are targeted to their mitochondrial destination from the cytosol. Here, we used proximity-specific ribosome profiling to comprehensively measure translation at the mitochondrial surface in yeast. Most inner-membrane proteins were cotranslationally targeted to mitochondria, reminiscent of proteins entering the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Comparison between mitochondrial and ER localization demonstrated that the vast majority of proteins were targeted to a specific organelle. A prominent exception was the fumarate reductase Osm1, known to reside in mitochondria. We identified a conserved ER isoform of Osm1, which contributes to the oxidative protein-folding capacity of the organelle. This dual localization was enabled by alternative translation initiation sites encoding distinct targeting signals. These findings highlight the exquisite in vivo specificity of organellar targeting mechanisms.
THEORETICAL REFLECTION SEISMOGRAMS FOR ELASTIC MEDIA* (1979)

A bstract Theoretical seismograms for an explosive source in a multilayered elastic medium are constructed by Fourier synthesis and plane wave superposition. The calculation scheme which builds up a reflection matrix layer by layer in the frequency and wave number domain allows the inclusion of attenuation and a choice of the level of internal multiples in each layer. Comparative calculations of theoretical seismograms for an elastic model and in the acoustic approximation, neglecting shear, show that the main differences arise at large offsets. The inclusion of shear waves leads to lower reflected P wave amplitudes at the end of the spread but only small amounts of converted phases.
Dual-use mobile detachable manipulator-(DM)/sup 2/ (2002)

Presents the development of a novel mobile robot concept, the dual-use mobile detachable manipulator, or the (DM)/sup 2/, for the lunar environment. The robot comprises two basic parts, namely a mobile base and a manipulator which can step on the base, or detach from the base with self-mobility. When the manipulator attaches on the base, it is capable of moving on the lunar surface for exploration tasks such as surface survey, measurement, and transportation. When the manipulator detaches from the base, it can walk (or climb) on a lunar station structure such as a manufacturing center or testbed for maintenance tasks such as structure inspection, part delivery, and simple assembly. Here the authors report the development of the concept, the design of the manipulator and preliminary experiments, a graphical simulator, a real-time control hardware and software, low-level control scheme, coordination of both base and manipulator, and a 1/6 gravity compensation system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A filtering technique to lower oscillator phase noise (2002)

Test oscillators are implemented using the noise filtering schemes described: a top-biased and a tail-biased VCO for the 1GHz band, and a tail-biased VCO for the 2.2GHz band. These CMOS circuits are fabricated in the STMicroelectronics BiCMOS 6M process.
Image restoration from nonuniform static field influence in modified echo‐planar imaging (1987)

Experimental results of images restored from the influence of nonuniform static fields in modified echo-planar imaging are presented. The same restoration technique is used as that proposed for Fourier imaging. Experimental results show that both density variation and geometrical distortion can almost completely be eliminated in the restored image. Image restoration can relax the stringent requirement on the amplitude of the time-modulated gradient needed in modified echo-planar imaging.
Compiling business process models for sensor networks (2011)

Wireless sensor networks are increasingly being used to improve business processes. The behavior of such a process is usually captured in models while its implementation is typically created manually. Besides being expensive, this approach entails deviations between the model and the implementation of a business process, thus rendering it less effective. We aim at closing this gap by automatically generating applications from the model of the process instead. In our approach, software developers provide building blocks that are used by business analysts to model business processes and hereby effectively control their execution on an abstract level. Furthermore, the model editor integrates a compiler and a simulator so that the business analysts can test and debug the modeled processes on the same level of abstraction. Our evaluation results show that the generated code can be executed on resource-constrained sensor nodes consuming only 1% more energy than the hand-written equivalents. However, the benefits of our approach come at the price of 10% more RAM and 44% more flash space consumption on average.
DNA Methylation Changes after 5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine Therapy in Patients with Leukemia (2006)

5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) is postulated to have clinical activity in myeloid leukemias via its ability to inhibit DNA methylation. To study this, we examined DNA methylation in patients with leukemia treated with decitabine. Five days after the treatment, total genomic 5-methylcytosine/cytosine decreased on average by 14% (from 4.3% to 3.7%), whereas methylation of repetitive DNA elements showed a mean decrease of 9% and 16% for Alu and long interspersed nucleotide elements, respectively. Methylation decreased linearly with increasing doses between 5 and 20 mg/m(2)/d (r = 0.88; P = 0.05) but showed a plateau above that. Hypomethylation correlated with response in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia treated with low doses (5-20 mg/m(2)/d), but patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with high doses (100-180 mg/m(2)/d) showed no such correlation. Aberrant methylation of p15 (>10%) was found in 27% of patients, and 80% of these showed a decrease by at least one third, but this did not correlate with response. The imprinted gene H19 showed little change in methylation after decitabine. In conclusion, we show dose-dependent hypomethylation after decitabine at low doses. Increasing the dose, which has been shown previously to result in a reduced response rate, was not accompanied by further hypomethylation.