gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drug-Induced Neutropenia: A Focus on Rituximab-Induced Late-Onset Neutropenia. (2016)

Rituximab can cause late-onset neutropenia that may result in serious life-threatening complications. The author describes the pathophysiology, incidence, and management of this adverse reaction and presents two case histories.
Shop-Floor Service Connector - a message-oriented Middleware Focused on the Usability and Infrastructure Requirements of SMEs Developing Smart Services (2020)

Digitalization causes an intensive change in the way software components are developed within the shop floor. The blending of technology domains with current automation technologies leads to high integration efforts with a low degree of reusability. This problem is further reinforced by a diverging system understanding within individual domains and the use of heterogeneous development platforms. Existing solutions from the field of cloud computing are applied in the context of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). However, these systems do not fulfill the requirements of user-friendliness, resource demands, performance, and infrastructure, which is why they are only partially suitable for the current needs of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). For this purpose, the communication middleware Shop-Floor-Service-Connector (SFSC) is developed. Based on the broker-less messaging system ZeroMQ, an overlaid SFSC protocol is implemented. Subsequently, an example scenario is used to illustrate the usage of the system. Finally, the next steps for further developing the middleware are presented.
Modifying the Specificity and Activity of the <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> P99 β-Lactamase by Mutagenesis within an M13 Phage Vector (1996)

A library of Enterobacter cloacae P99 beta-lactamase mutants was produced to investigate the importance of residues 286-290 for substrate binding and catalysis and to characterize mutants with altered specificities and activities for various 3'-substituted cephalosporins. This region of the enzyme is a component of the active site that has not been implicated as participating in the catalytic mechanism but, based on molecular modeling, should contact the 3' substituents of cephalosporins. Random mutagenesis was carried out within an M13 phage vector by hybridization mutagenesis, and the phage library could be highly enriched for active beta-lactamase genes by incubation of infected bacteria with beta-lactam antibiotics. The mutants were characterized by Michaelis-Menten kinetic analyses with several cephalosporin substrates and spanned a 25-fold range of k(cat), 24-fold range of K(m), and 6-fold range of k(cat)/K(m) values. All five amino acid positions were found to be permissive to substitution, but the active mutant proteins carried substitutions that likely maintained the structure of the region. Serine 287 was the least permissive to change, requiring small, uncharged residues for retention of catalytic activity. The variation of Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters observed in these enzymes was shown to be significant in the context of in vitro cytotoxicity assays with the cephalosporin-doxorubicin prodrug C-Dox and is suitable for experiments to probe the relationship between enzyme kinetics and efficacy in enzyme-prodrug approaches to targeted therapy.
Optical properties of silver-island films having an overlayer of RhB dye (1987)

The spectra of silver-island films of different thicknesses and of RhB dye adsorbed silver films were recorded in the transmission mode using a photoacoustic spectrometer. The optical transmission spectra of discontinuous silver-island films show a different resonance peak in the spectra corresponding to the different sizes of the island particles. The overlayer of dye coat on the silver film modifies the silver resonance peak in the form of splitting and enhanced absorption. But for higher silver film thicknesses, an increase in transmission was observed on the higher wavelength side when the enhanced absorption was not dominant. In this case the dye coating acts as an antireflection coating. This unusual behavior of the dye coating occurs due to changes in dispersion and absorption of the optical response of the absorbing coating on the structural resonances of the silver island. The transmission spectra of silver-island and dye-coated films will be described by an effective medium calculation of Maxwell Garnett and by the Wang and Kerker theory for optical response.
Direct Power Control Applied to Doubly Fed Induction Generator Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage Conditions (2008)

This paper analyzes the effects of unbalanced voltage on doubly fed induction generators. It also presents a novel control strategy based on direct power control (DPC+) applied to this type of generators, predominant in wind energy applications, that enables them to work under perturbed conditions and achieve optimum results. Although the technique can be implemented to control both rotor converters and grid converters, we will hereby exemplify the former which regulates stator active and reactive power. The results obtained with DPC+ are then compared through experimental tests to indicate that the technique is suitable and achieves good dynamic responses while controlling current distortion, power or torque oscillations. The validation of results has been performed through experimental tests on a 20-kW generator.
Preparation and Interfacial Properties of a Novel Biodegradable Polymer Surfactant: Poly(ethylene oxide monooleate‐<i>block</i>‐<scp>DL</scp>‐lactide) (2005)

In this paper, we report a novel synthesis of poly(ethylene oxide monooleate-block-DL-lactide) (MOPEO-PLA) in the presence of stannous 2-ethylhexanoate catalyst. By utilizing the surfactant property and the reactive double bond of the amphiphilic MOPEO-PLA, various characteristics of PLA microspheres, such as surface and internal structure, surface morphology, release property, and so on, may potentially be controlled. MOPEO-PLA was found to be hydrophobic enough to prevent loss by dissolution into aqueous solution, which is often a problem for MOPEO. Furthermore, the interfacial tension measurements of a MOPEO-PLA/toluene/water system revealed that MOPEO-PLA had a good surface activity almost equal to that of MOPEO. The MOPEO-PLA/PLA blend films were prepared by solvent casting on a water layer. Contact-angle measurements of MOPEO-PLA/PLA blend films confirmed that the hydrophilic PEO segments were selectivity accumulated at the oil/water interface. Moreover, the surface free energy on the 'water side' of the MOPEO-PLA/PLA blend films was increased because of the increase in polar components as a result of the ether bonds of the PEO segments. Schematic illustration of the adsorption property of a) MOPEO-PLA with a high-molecular-weight PLA segment and b) MOPEO-PLA with a low-molecular-weight PLA segment at an ethyl acetate/water interface.
PATMAT: a searching and extraction program for sequence, pattern and block queries and databases (1992)

A program has been developed that provides molecular biologists with multiple tools for searching databases, yet uses a very simple interface. PATMAT can use protein or (translated) DNA sequences, patterns or blocks of aligned proteins as queries of databases consisting of amino acid or nucleotide sequences, patterns or blocks. The ability to search databases of blocks by 'on-the-fly' conversion to scoring matrices provides a new tool for detection and evaluation of distant relationships. PATMAT uses a pull-down, menu-driven interface to carry out its multiple searching, extraction and viewing functions. Each query or database type is recognized, reported, and the appropriate search carried out, with matches and alignments reported in windows as they occur. Any of the high scoring matches can be exported to a file, viewed and recalled as a query using only a few keystrokes or mouse selections. Searches of multiple database files are carried out by user selection within a window. PATMAT runs under DOS; the searching engine also runs under UNIX.
Improving Space Utilization by Increasing Solar Array Reliability (2007)

Reliable power delivery over the mission life is critical to all satellites; therefore solar arrays are one of the most vital links to satellite mission success. However, in the last ten years, the Ascend Division of Airclaims has documented 117 satellite solar array anomalies, 12 of which resulted in total satellite failure, making solar array reliability a serious issue. This paper will discuss satellite power system issues with the focus on solar array reliability issues. Suggestions for next steps that could be taken by the satellite industry to improve the reliability of the solar arrays will be included. Ways to improve solar arrays for high power and geosynchronous power will also be discussed in an effort to address some of the main failure trends seen in the satellite anomaly analysis. Solar array reliability is an issue that must be addressed to take space utilization to the next level.
The alternative sigma factor katF (rpoS) regulates Salmonella virulence. (1992)

Nutrient limitation is a critical signal in Salmonella virulence gene regulation. The katF (rpoS) gene mediates the expression of the Salmonella spv plasmid virulence genes during bacterial starvation. A katF Salmonella mutant has increased susceptibility to nutrient deprivation, oxidative stress, acid stress, and DNA damage, conditions which are relevant to the intraphagosomal environment of host macrophages. Moreover, the katF mutant has significantly reduced virulence in mice. katF encodes an alternative sigma factor of RNA polymerase which coordinately regulates Salmonella virulence.
NITROGEN ACCUMULATION IN SHOOTS AS A FUNCTION OF GROWTH STAGE OF CORN AND WINTER WHEAT (2010)

Midseason fertilizer nitrogen (N) rates based on predicted yields can be projected if the quantity of N accumulated in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) is known especially early in the growing season. This study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 to establish the amount of N accumulated in corn and winter wheat over the entire growing season. Plots representing three N fertilization rates 0, 45, and 90 kg ha-1 at Stillwater and 0, 67, and 112 kg ha-1 at Lahoma were selected from two long-term wheat experiments located at research stations in Stillwater and Lahoma, Oklahoma. For corn, three N fertilization rates 0, 112 and 224 kg ha-1 at Lake Carl Blackwell and 0, 56 and 112 kg ha-1 at Perkins were selected from N studies, located at research stations near Lake Carl Blackwell and Perkins, Oklahoma. Sequential aboveground biomass samples were collected from 1 m2 area of wheat and 1.5 m long row (0.76 cm spacing) for corn throughout their respective growing seasons. In general, this work showed that more than 45% of the maximum total N accumulated could be found in corn plants by growth stage V8 (8th leaf collar fully unfolded). For winter wheat, more than 61% of the maximum total N accumulated at later stages of growth could be accounted for by Feekes growth stage 5 (F5, leaf strongly erected). Our findings are consistent with those of others showing that yield potential can be predicted at mid-season since such a large percentage of the total N accumulated was accounted for early on in the growing cycle of either wheat or corn. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
An integrated solution for effective video alarm verification (2002)

The growing application of video to the remote verification of alarms has highlighted a number of deficiencies in adding video transmission products to conventional alarm systems. The ideal result would be no false alarms and accurate verification of each real alarm. However many installed systems offer no improvement in the false alarm rate and pose a substantial risk of the incorrect classification of real alarms. An alarm panel with fully integrated local and remote video functions is described. It combines both the alarm generation and verification processes in order to improve the false alarm rates and the accuracy of verification. A unique BiSensor is a key to the systems success. Data fusion concepts are applied to passive infra red and video movement sensors to ensure a low false alarm rate and to provide reliable images of the alarm cause. The BiSensor also incorporates a strobed infra red illuminator to provide for correct detection and verification under all lighting conditions. Particular attention has been paid to obtaining even scene illumination for high quality verification images. By incorporating the illuminator in the sensor it has also been possible to automatically control the infra red output to suit a wide variety of installations. In addition to the remote video-functions, the system provides for site control and full duplex audio communications. Local site management is catered for with a comprehensively featured alarm panel while a full duplex video multiplexer provides continuous recording of all site activity. The multiplexer uses direct to tape recording for the highest possible picture quality and each image is time stamped to match the images sent off site. One of the key requirements of the product has been to ensure that the verification system fits well with existing central monitoring station facilities. The receiver has been designed to support both stand-alone operation or full scale integration into the conventional alarm monitoring environment.
Dictionary Learning from Ambiguously Labeled Data (2013)

We propose a novel dictionary-based learning method for ambiguously labeled multiclass classification, where each training sample has multiple labels and only one of them is the correct label. The dictionary learning problem is solved using an iterative alternating algorithm. At each iteration of the algorithm, two alternating steps are performed: a confidence update and a dictionary update. The confidence of each sample is defined as the probability distribution on its ambiguous labels. The dictionaries are updated using either soft (EM-based) or hard decision rules. Extensive evaluations on existing datasets demonstrate that the proposed method performs significantly better than state-of-the-art ambiguously labeled learning approaches.
The Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Literature Survey (2002)

The purpose of this review article on the lactic acid bacteria grew from an early curiosity and a desire to convey and impart the broad scope of literary information on their functions as starter cultures, in the manufacture of fermentation products such as dairy products and alcoholic beverages, as well as their contribution to better health. This review article is an attempt to empower the reader and to circumvent the difficult task in acquiring and elucidating a large body of information. The intent is to familiarize the reader with the various lactic species, their habitat or source, associated food, physiological characteristics, colonial morphology, biochemical characteristics, culture media (enrichment, nonselective, and selective), classic description, and taxonomy. This review provides information on Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Carnobacterium, and Enterococcus. Trends are presented, such as the use of nisin to extend food shelf-life and the current research premise that Probiotic strains may alter the intestinal flora and thus prevent intestinal wall penetration by pathogens.
Improvement of Traffic Information Contents of Portal Site focused on User's Satisfaction (2012)

최근 운행경로와 소통상태 등을 제공하는 교통정보의 이용자 활용빈도가 높아지고 있다. 특히, 교통정보 제공 매체 중 편의성이 가장 좋은 인터넷 포탈사이트의 이용자 선호도가 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 하지만, 포탈사이트 교통정보콘텐츠는 민간(포탈업체)에서 자체적으로 정보를 수집 제공하고 있어 공공에서 제공하는 콘텐츠에 비해서 신뢰성 등에 관한 검증 체계가 부재한 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 포탈사이트에서 제공하는 정보의 실제 정확도와 이용자가 느끼는 정확도를 알아보는 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 포탈사이트를 중심으로 현장 데이터를 통하여 정확도를 검증해보고, 설문조사를 통하여 이용자의 콘텐츠 이용실태와 이용자가 느끼는 교통정보콘텐츠의 정확도를 알아보았다. 또한, 교통정보콘텐츠에 대한 이용자의 기대치와 만족도를 조사하고, IPA기법을 적용하여 개선을 요구하는 콘텐츠를 선정하였다. 이동식 DSRC(Dedicated Short Range Communication)검지장비를 활용한 현장데이터 정확도 검증결과, 오차율은 14~32%로 조사되었으며 경우에 따라 아주 높은 오차율을 보이기도 하였다. 또한 설문에 응한 전체 응답자 중 28.3%가 포탈사이트의 정보를 가장 선호한다고 답변했으며, 포탈 교통정보 콘텐츠의 정확도에 대해서는 50.8%가 부정확하다는 답변하였다. 가장 부정확한 정보 콘텐츠는 '실시간 소통현황'을 지목하였으며, IPA기법을 적용한 결과에서도 '실시간 소통현황' 정보의 집중적인 개선노력이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. Recently, use frequency for traffic information which provides shortest paths and traffic condition is increasing. Specially, in the survey, it is shown that users prefer internet portal sites which can be used the most easily among traffic information media. But, there are not many verification systems for traffic information contents of internet portal sites which collect and provide information than traffic information contents which are provided by public service. The purpose of this study is to investigate real accuracy and accuracy felt by users about information provided by portal sites. Therefore, in this research we verified accuracy of information by portal site with real field data and investigate real usage about contents and experienced accuracy by users through survey. Also, users' expectation and satisfaction were surveyed and the contents to be improved were selected by using IPA technique. By the result of accuracy verification by field data using portable DSRC(Dedicated Short Range Communication) devices, it is shown that average error was 14~32% and sometimes very high rate. Also, it is shown that 28.3 % of total respondents prefers the information by portal sites and 50 % of total respondents felt that contents of traffic information by portal sites are not accurate. Real-time traffic condition was selected as the most inaccurate one among all contents of traffic information and it was analyzed that intensive efforts for improving information about real-time traffic condition are needed.
Comparison of Perfusion Computed Tomography and Computed Tomography Angiography Source Images With Perfusion-Weighted Imaging and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Patients With Acute Stroke of Less Than 6 Hours’ Duration (2004)

In hyperacute stroke, the combination of PCT and CTA can render important diagnostic information regarding the infarct extent and the perfusion deficit. Lesions on PCT-TTP and PCT-CBV do not differ from lesions on PWI-TTP and PWI-CBV; lesions on CTA source images do not differ from lesions on DWI. The combination of noncontrast-enhanced CT (NECT), perfusion CT (PCT), and CT angiography (CTA) can render additional information within <15 minutes and may help in therapeutic decision-making if PWI and DWI are not available or cannot be performed on specific patients.
Disruption of Heparan and Chondroitin Sulfate Signaling Enhances Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Osteogenic Differentiation via Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Pathways (2007)

Cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans have been implicated in a multitude of biological processes, including embryonic implantation, tissue morphogenesis, wound repair, and neovascularization through their ability to regulate growth factor activity and morphogenic gradients. However, the direct role of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sugar-side chains in the control of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation into the osteoblast lineage is poorly understood. Here, we show that the abundant cell surface GAGs, HS and CS, are secreted in proteoglycan complexes that directly regulate the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated differentiation of hMSCs into osteoblasts. Enzymatic depletion of the HS and CS chains by heparinase and chondroitinase treatment decreased HS and CS expression but did not alter the expression of the HS core proteins perlecan and syndecan. When digested separately, depletion of HS and CS chains did not effect hMSC proliferation but rather increased BMP bioactivity through SMAD1/5/8 intracellular signaling at the same time as increasing canonical Wnt signaling through LEF1 activation. Long-term culturing of cells in HS- and CS-degrading enzymes also increased bone nodule formation, calcium accumulation, and the expression of such osteoblast markers as alkaline phosphatase, RUNX2, and osteocalcin. Thus, the enzymatic disruption of HS and CS chains on cell surface proteoglycans alters BMP and Wnt activity so as to enhance the lineage commitment and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
Revealing Nanoscale Passivation and Corrosion Mechanisms of Reactive Battery Materials in Gas Environments (2017)

Lithium (Li) metal is a high-capacity anode material (3860 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>) that can enable high-energy batteries for electric vehicles and grid-storage applications. However, Li metal is highly reactive and repeatedly consumed when exposed to liquid electrolyte (during battery operation) or the ambient environment (throughout battery manufacturing). Studying these corrosion reactions on the nanoscale is especially difficult due to the high chemical reactivity of both Li metal and its surface corrosion films. Here, we directly generate pure Li metal inside an environmental transmission electron microscope (TEM), revealing the nanoscale passivation and corrosion process of Li metal in oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>), nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>), and water vapor (H<sub>2</sub>O). We find that while dry O<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> (99.9999 vol %) form uniform passivation layers on Li, trace water vapor (∼1 mol %) disrupts this passivation and forms a porous film on Li metal that allows gas to penetrate and continuously react with Li. To exploit the self-passivating behavior of Li in dry conditions, we introduce a simple dry-N<sub>2</sub> pretreatment of Li metal to form a protective layer of Li nitride prior to battery assembly. The fast ionic conductivity and stable interface of Li nitride results in improved battery performance with dendrite-free cycling and low voltage hysteresis. Our work reveals the detailed process of Li metal passivation/corrosion and demonstrates how this mechanistic insight can guide engineering solutions for Li metal batteries.
Kinematic mounting systems for National Synchrotron Light Source beamlines and experiments (1992)

Methods for kinematically mounting equipment are well established, but applications at synchrotron radiation facilities are subject to constraints not always encountered in more traditional laboratory settings. Independent position adjustment of beamline components can have significant benefits in terms of minimizing time spent aligning, and maximizing time spent acquiring data. In this article, we use examples taken from beamlines at the National Synchrotron Light Source to demonstrate approaches for optimization of the reproducibility, stability, excursion, and set-up time for various situations. From our experience, we extract general principles which we hope will be useful for workers at other synchrotron radiation facilities.
Synthesis and intramolecular cyclization of novel β,β-bis-(benzo[b]thienyl)dehydroalanine derivatives (2003)

The methyl ester of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-β,β-dibromodehydroalanine was obtained in a one-pot procedure from bis-(N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl)dehydroalanine. The former was reacted with several boronic benzo[b]thiophene acids under Suzuki cross coupling conditions, to give new β,β-bis-(benzo[b]thienyl)dehydroalanines in high yields. These compounds were cyclized to pyrrole derivatives by treatment with Pd(OAc)2 and Cu(OAc)2 in DMF.
Determination of procyanidin B2 in grape seed extract by RP-HPLC (2007)

AIM: To establish the method of determining procyanidin B2 content in grape seed extract by HPLC. METHODS: The determination was carried out with ZORBAX SB-C_ 18 column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-2% acetate buffer under the gradient elution condition, detection wavelength was at 280nm. RESULTS: There was a good linear relationship between the peak area and concentration in the range of 1~30 μg/mL for procyanidin B2. The average of procyanidin B2 (n=5) was 99.29% and RSD=1.64%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, accurate, reproducible and can be used for assay of procyanidin B2.