gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Enhances the Conversion Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2003)

An ionic liquid electrolyte composed of 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium dicyanamide, and lithium iodide (LiI) was combined with an amphiphilic polypyridyl ruthenium sensitizer to obtain a solar cell based on a solvent-free electrolyte that had an efficiency of 6.6% at an irradiance of air mass 1.5 (AM 1.5, 100 mW cm-2) and >7.1% at lower light intensities. This is the first time such a high efficiency was obtained for dye-sensitized solar cells with pure ionic liquid electrolytes. A thin-layer electrochemical cell was used to determine the redox potential of sensitizers anchored on TiO2 nanocrystalline film by square-wave voltammetry. Laser transient absorbance measurements revealed that a significant enhancement of the device efficiency, after adding LiI to the ionic liquid electrolyte, could be ascribed to an increase in the electron injection yield and dye regeneration rate.
QSAR Study of Anticonvulsant Negative Allosteric Modulators of the AMPA Receptor (2004)

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was performed on a set of 49 negative allosteric modulators of AMPA receptor, acting as anticonvulsant agents, using multiple linear regression. The predictive ability of the resulting model was evaluated against a set of 12 compounds; the results showed good statistics in regression and revealed high correlation between anticonvulsant activity and some electrotopological descriptors.
Production of hydrogen sulphide and other volatile sulphides by spoilage bacteria from fish (1990)

The performance of live agar media for enumerating hydrogen sulphide producing, spoilage bacteria in marine fishes was evaluated and the results are discussed Comparison of filter paper strip method using two reagents lead acetate and dithio~ bisnitro benzoic acid (DTNB), with the iron agar slants showed that the lead acetate paper strips were more sensitive than other methods for detecting minute quantities of hydrogen sulphide. The nature and concentration of the substrate were found to influence the production of hydrogen sulphide. Majority of the isolated cultures attacked cysteine and produced hydrogen sulphide alone. Bacterial isolates which produced volatile sulphides other than hydrogen sulphide were very few and the volatile sulphides were produced when methionine was used as the substrate. The hydrogen sulphide producers from fish belonged to genera Aeromonas, Vibrio, Alteromonas, Enterobacteriaceae , Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Moraxella etc.
Induction of a cholesteric phase via self-assembly in supramolecular networks built of non-mesomorphic molecular components (1998)

Abstract Supramolecular hydrogen-bonded networks have been prepared by self-assembly of a chiral bifunctional H-bond acceptor and achiral trifunctional H-bond donors. A stilbazole dimer, (R)-1,2-bis{4-\[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]phenoxy}propane (1) has been synthesized for use as a chiral component for cholesteric networks. Compound 1 has been complexed with tri functional H-bond donors, p,q-bis{2-\[2-(4-carboxyphenoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}benzoic(2-6) \[p, q =2,4 (2); 2,5 (3); 2,6 (4); 3,4 (5); 3,5 (6)], maintaining the 1 :1 donor/acceptor group stoichiometry. With the exception of the complex from 1 and 6, these H-bonded complexes exhibit cholesteric phases and glass transition behaviour, while all individual components are non-mesomorphic. For example, the H-bonded complex consisting of 1 and 2 shows a cholesteric phase from 75 to 184 C on heating. These results suggest that supramolecular liquid crystalline networks with macroscopic helical structures have been formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonds between non-mesomorphic smaller molecules. The solid state films obtained by cooling the samples from their mesophases exhibit cholesteric colours associated with selective reflection. The cholesteric structure is preserved in the glassy state of the networks.
A comparative approach to somatic cell nuclear transfer in the rhesus monkey (2006)

The application of a modified SCNT technique (OSM) followed by embryo culture in hamster embryo culture medium-10 (HECM-10) allows, for the first time, the routine production of SCNT blastocysts, most of which appear normal by immunochemical, cytochemical and in vitro developmental criteria. These embryos will provide a resource for isolating ES cells and for studies of nuclear reprogramming by monkey cytoplasts.
Reservoir Monitoring, 4D Signal, And Fiber-Optic Technology (2009)

One of the challenges faced by reservoir engineers is to understand the way fluid saturation, pressure<br>and compaction change between wells during production of a hydrocarbon reservoir. The optimum placement<br>of infill wells and identification of new step-out opportunities to maximize recovery of hydrocarbons depends<br>on such information. Time lapse (or 4D) seismic is acknowledged as being the only direct wide-scale<br>reservoir management tool capable of revealing these important details about a producing reservoir. The Life<br>of Field Seismic (LoFS) project at the Valhall field on the Norwegian continental shelf illustrates the technical<br>and economic success of reservoir monitoring using 4D seismic data. Today, as the industry explores, drills<br>and produces deeper and more challenging targets, reliable and consistent reservoir monitoring is becoming<br>even more essential. A new fiber optic seafloor seismic acquisition system – with high dynamic range, low<br>background noise, low cost per channel and a long operational life – is leading the way towards cost-effective<br>permanent seismic reservoir monitoring.
Does Access to High-quality Pelagic Prey Increase the Breeding Success of Kelp Gulls Larus Dominicanus in the Antarctic Peninsula? (2001)

An analysis of the diet of the Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus during the chick-rearing period at a colony in northern Gerlache Strait, Antarctic Peninsula showed that Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba made up 20% by mass of the diet of the adults and 66% by mass of the chicks' diet.Fish constituted a low proportion of total prey, both in pellets and chick regurgitations, whereas the importance of limpets in adult pellets was similar to results from other studies in Antarctica.Chick regurgitations show substantial differences in the diet at the study site with other localities.Our data on breeding success were in accordance with localities farther south in Antarctica where Kelp Gull chicks are fed offshore prey.Antarctic Krill may represent a substantial resource for Kelp Gulls in some localities as those reported here; the abundance of this resource during the chick-rearing period, associated with low levels of predation by skuas and with favourable local climatic conditions, could be linked with very high reproductive success in the study area.
Donor Origin CAR T Cells: Graft Versus Malignancy Effect Without GVHD, a Systematic Review (2017)

CD19, CD20 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy has shown promising results for the treatment of relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies. Best results have been reported in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with a complete response rate above 80%. Patients who received donor-derived CAR T cells for the relapsed malignancy after stem cell transplantation (allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant) were identified from the published trials. A total of 72 patients from seven studies were treated with donor-derived CAR T cells. Only five out of 72 patients (6.9%) developed graft versus host disease. Use of donor-derived CAR T cell for relapse prophylaxis, minimal residual disease clearance or salvage from relapse is therefore highly effective, and risk of graft versus host disease flare is very low. Side effects include cytokine release syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, B-cell aplasia along with CNS toxicity.
Performance of FEC and ARQ error control in bursty channels under delay constraints (2002)

In local wireless communications, the use of retransmission techniques to recover from channel errors are a feasible solution, which in some instances may be more efficient than forward error correction. We compare the performance of BCH block codes and pure ARQ when a continuous stream of bits is to be transmitted across a burst-error channel. The presence of a delay constraint is considered, which causes degraded BCH error-correction performance (due to non-ideal interleaving) and block dropping in ARQ (due to retransmission delay). In most cases, for practical values of the parameters, better performance is achieved by ARQ schemes.
An Approach to Long and Unsubstituted Molecular Wires:  Synthesis of Redox-Active, Cationic Phenylethynyl Oligomers Designed for Self-Assembled Monolayers (2003)

Various oligo(phenyleneethynylene)s (OPEs) have been synthesized in the past, as they are considered as prototypes of molecular wires. When the oligomers are capped by a redox site at one end and a thiol at the other end, the resulting molecules can be grafted as a self-assembled monolayer on a gold electrode and fully studied by electrochemical techniques. Unfortunately, such molecules are usually poorly soluble and require the incorporation of solubilizing pendant groups. In this paper, we show that the replacement of the classically used redox group ferrocene by a cationic organometallic ruthenium complex, namely, [Ru(bipy)(2)(ppH)](+) (bipy, 2,2'-bipyridine; ppH, 2-(2'-yl-phenyl)pyridine), allows a concise synthesis of an unsubstituted thioacetate-capped OPE up to four repetitive units long. The positive charge does not interfere with the conventional organic chemistry used to elongate, purify, or characterize the hexafluorophosphate salts of the molecules. To our knowledge, this represents the first family of long, poorly substituted OPEs designed for self-assembly.
Growth medium for the rapid isolation and identification of anthrax (2000)

Anthrax has been recognized as a highly likely biological warfare or terrorist agent. The purpose of this work was to design a culture technique to rapidly isolate and identify `live' anthrax. In liquid or solid media form, 3AT medium (3-amino-L-tyrosine, the main ingredient) accelerated germination and growth of anthrax spores in 5 to 6 hours to a point expected at 18 to 24 hours with ordinary medium. During accelerated growth, standard definitive diagnostic tests such as sensitivity to lysis by penicillin or bacteriophage can be run. During this time, the bacteria synthesized a fluorescent and thermochemiluminescent polymer. Bacteria captured by specific antibody are, therefore, already labeled. Because living bacteria are required to generate the polymer, the test converts immunoassays for anthrax into viability assays. Furthermore, the polymer formation leads to the death of the vegetative form and non-viability of the spores produced in the medium. By altering the formulation of the medium, other microbes and even animal and human cells can be grown in it and labeled (including viruses grown in the animal or human cells).
Interactions between the Promoter Regions of Nitrogenase Structural Genes ( <i>nifHDK2</i> ) and DNA-Binding Proteins from N <sub>2</sub> - and Ammonium-Grown Cells of the Archaeon <i>Methanosarcina barkeri</i> 227 (1998)

Transcription initiation in Archaea (archaebacteria) resembles the eucaryotic process, having been shown to involve TATA box-like promoter regions as well as TATA-binding protein and TFIIB homologs. However, little is known about transcription regulation in archaea. We have previously demonstrated that transcripts of nifHDK2 genes, encoding Methanosarcina barkeri nitrogenase, are present in N2-grown cells but not in ammonium-grown cells, indicating that nif transcription is regulated by the nitrogen source. In this study, we detected proteins in M. barkeri cell extracts that bind specifically to DNA containing the putative promoter region of nifHDK2. No binding was found when the promoter region was deleted from the DNA. A competition assay showed that the methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcr) promoter region DNA and the nifH2 promoter region DNA competed for a common factor(s). There was no binding to the nifH2 promoter region by extracts of ammonium-grown cells, but there was binding by these extracts to promoter regions for mcr genes, which are presumably constitutively expressed. Interestingly, extracts of ammonium-grown cells inhibited binding to the nif promoter region by extracts of N2-grown cells. Fractionation of extracts of ammonium-grown cells with a heparin-Sepharose column resolved them into a fraction eluting at 0 M NaCl, which inhibited binding by extracts of N2-grown cells, and a fraction eluting at 0.5 to 0.75 M NaCl, which showed binding to the promoter region. These results are congruent with a model for regulation of nif gene expression in M. barkeri in which a substance present in ammonium-grown cells inhibits DNA binding by a transcription-associated protein or proteins.
Effects of Growth Hormone on Phosphocalcium Homeostasis and Bone Metabolism (1995)

In this review the effects of growth hormone (GH) on phosphocalcium homeostasis and bone metabolism are reported. Some in vitro effects of GH on chondrocytes and osteoblasts are discussed too. The main GH effects on phosphocalcium homeostasis are the permissive action on renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity by the hypophosphatemic stimulus and the antiphosphaturic effect by the stimulation of the maximum rate of renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate. On bone, GH is able to stimulate bone turnover and to increase bone mass. In addition, GH stimulates type I and type III collagen metabolism. In vitro, GH increases the proliferation of chondrocytes from the human growing cartilage together with the levels of interleukin-6 in the supernatant. The hormone increases also the proliferation of the human osteosarcoma-derived osteoblast-like cells and augments the osteocalcin levels in the supernatant. Thus, GH markedly influences phosphocalcium homeostasis and bone metabolism in childhood and adolescence. In addition, it is possible that GH continues to play a role in bone physiology during adulthood when final height is reached.
Design and Synthesis of Promiscuous High-Affinity Monoamine Transporter Ligands:  Unraveling Transporter Selectivity (2006)

A series of 4-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-piperidines and 4-[2-[(bisphenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-piperidines with different types of substituents in the phenylpropyl side-chain were synthesized and examined for their ability to bind to the dopamine transporter (DAT), the serotonin transporter (SERT), and the norepinephrine transporter (NET). All of the compounds showed high binding affinities for the DAT in the low to subnanomolar range. Their ability to bind to the SERT and the NET, while maintaining their high affinity for the DAT, could be altered by substitution in positions C2 and C3 of the phenylpropyl side-chain. This approach gave rise to a new set of compounds with selectivity for the DAT, the DAT and the SERT, or the DAT and the NET. Six compounds (7, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 20) with relatively low SERT/DAT ratios were selected for additional study in biogenic amine uptake inhibition assays based on the biogenic amine transporter binding results. Some of the new ligands can serve as pharmacological tools to block DAT or DAT and another transporter simultaneously.
Examining thermal transport through a frequency-domain representation of time-domain thermoreflectance data (2014)

Laser-based time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) and frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) techniques are widely used for investigating thermal transport at micro- and nano-scales. We demonstrate that data obtained in TDTR measurements can be represented in a frequency-domain form equivalent to FDTR, i.e., in the form of a surface temperature amplitude and phase response to time-harmonic heating. Such a representation is made possible by using a large TDTR delay time window covering the entire pulse repetition interval. We demonstrate the extraction of frequency-domain data up to 1 GHz from TDTR measurements on a sapphire sample coated with a thin layer of aluminum, and show that the frequency dependencies of both the amplitude and phase responses agree well with theory. The proposed method not only allows a direct comparison of TDTR and FDTR data, but also enables measurements at high frequencies currently not accessible to FDTR. The frequency-domain representation helps uncover aspects of the measurement physics which remain obscured in a traditional TDTR measurement, such as the importance of modeling the details of the heat transport in the metal transducer film for analyzing high frequency responses.
Computational graceful degradation for video sequence decoding (2002)

The implementation of software based video decoders is an advantageous solution over traditional dedicated hardware real time systems. The main reason of this fact is the possibility of decoding several different video compression standards, at different levels and profiles, by just changing the software while using the same hardware platform, main memory, and interfaces. But, simultaneously guaranteeing real-time performance, needed when processing video/audio bitstreams, and an efficient use of the processing power, remains a very difficult task. We show the main reasons of such difficulties. We introduce the concept and the potential advantages of computational graceful degradation (CGD) for the efficient implementation of multimedia processors. We develop techniques for the application of CGD to the decoding of compressed video sequences. Finally, simulation results for the H.263 video compression standard are reported. The techniques can be virtually applied to any video compression standard and processor platform.
SO<sub>2</sub><sup>−·</sup> electron transfer ion/ion reactions with disulfide linked polypeptide ions (2005)

Multiply-charged peptide cations comprised of two polypeptide chains (designated A and B) bound via a disulfide linkage have been reacted with SO2-* in an electrodynamic ion trap mass spectrometer. These reactions proceed through both proton transfer (without dissociation) and electron transfer (with and without dissociation). Electron transfer reactions are shown to give rise to cleavage along the peptide backbone, loss of neutral molecules, and cleavage of the cystine bond. Disulfide bond cleavage is the preferred dissociation channel and both Chain A (or B)-S* and Chain A (or B)-SH fragment ions are observed, similar to those observed with electron capture dissociation (ECD) of disulfide-bound peptides. Electron transfer without dissociation produces [M + 2H]+* ions, which appear to be less kinetically stable than the proton transfer [M + H]+ product. When subjected to collision-induced dissociation (CID), the [M + 2H]+* ions fragment to give products that were also observed as dissociation products during the electron transfer reaction. However, not all dissociation channels noted in the electron transfer reaction were observed in the CID of the [M + 2H]+* ions. The charge state of the peptide has a significant effect on both the extent of electron transfer dissociation observed and the variety of dissociation products, with higher charge states giving more of each.
Automated microfluidic cell culture of stem cell derived dopaminergic neurons (2019)

Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease characterised by dysfunction and death of selectively vulnerable midbrain dopaminergic neurons and the development of human in vitro cellular models of the disease is a major challenge in Parkinson's disease research. We constructed an automated cell culture platform optimised for long-term maintenance and monitoring of different cells in three dimensional microfluidic cell culture devices. The system can be flexibly adapted to various experimental protocols and features time-lapse imaging microscopy for quality control and electrophysiology monitoring to assess cellular activity. Using this system, we continuously monitored the differentiation of Parkinson's disease patient derived human neuroepithelial stem cells into midbrain specific dopaminergic neurons. Calcium imaging confirmed the electrophysiological activity of differentiated neurons and immunostaining confirmed the efficiency of the differentiation protocol. This system is the first example of an automated Organ-on-a-Chip culture and has the potential to enable a versatile array of in vitro experiments for patient-specific disease modelling.
The Cell and Molecular Biology of Fracture Healing (1998)

Fracture healing is a complex physiologic process that involves the coordinated participation of several cell types. By using a reproducible model of experimental fracture healing in the rat, it is possible to elucidate the integrated cellular responses that signal the pathways and the role of the extracellular matrix components in orchestrating the events of fracture healing. Histologic characterization of fracture healing shows that intramembranous ossification occurs under the periosteum within a few days after an injury. Events of endochondral ossification occur adjacent to the fracture site and span a period of up to 28 days. Remodeling of the woven bone formed by intramembranous and endochondral ossification proceeds for several weeks. Spatial and temporal expression of genes for major collagens (Types I and II), minor fibrillar collagens (Types IV and XI), and several extracellular matrix components (osteocalcin, osteonectin, osteopontin, fibronectin and CD44) are detected by in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemical studies show that expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen is both time and space dependent and differentially expressed in the callus tissues formed by the intramembranous and endochondral processes. Chondrocytes involved in endochondral ossification undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death), and early events in fracture healing may be initiated by the expression of early response genes such as c-fos. Additional characterization and elucidation of fracture healing will lay the foundation for subsequent studies aimed at identifying mechanisms for enhancing skeletal repair.