gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EchoPrint (2018)

User authentication on smartphones must satisfy both security and convenience, an inherently difficult balancing art. Apple's FaceID is arguably the latest of such efforts, at the cost of additional hardware (e.g., dot projector, flood illuminator and infrared camera). We propose a novel user authentication system EchoPrint, which leverages acoustics and vision for secure and convenient user authentication, without requiring any special hardware. EchoPrint actively emits almost inaudible acoustic signals from the earpiece speaker to "illuminate" the user's face and authenticates the user by the unique features extracted from the echoes bouncing off the 3D facial contour. To combat changes in phone-holding poses thus echoes, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is trained to extract reliable acoustic features, which are further combined with visual facial landmark locations to feed a binary Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for final authentication. Because the echo features depend on 3D facial geometries, EchoPrint is not easily spoofed by images or videos like 2D visual face recognition systems. It needs only commodity hardware, thus avoiding the extra costs of special sensors in solutions like FaceID. Experiments with 62 volunteers and non-human objects such as images, photos, and sculptures show that EchoPrint achieves 93.75% balanced accuracy and 93.50% F-score, while the average precision is 98.05%, and no image/video based attack is observed to succeed in spoofing.
Effects of mutations in the repA gene of plasmid Rts1 on plasmid replication and autorepressor function (1990)

We constructed a system in which wild-type RepA or RepAcop1 protein was supplied in trans in various amounts to coexisting mini-Rts1 plasmids by clones of the repA or repAcop1 gene under the control of the native promoter with or without its operator sequence. RepAcop1 protein which contains a single amino acid substitution (Arg-142 to Lys) within its 288 amino acids could initiate the replication of the mini-Rts1 plasmid efficiently at both 37 and 42 degrees C even if it was supplied in excess. In contrast, excess wild-type RepA inhibited plasmid replication at 37 degrees C but supported replication at 42 degrees C. Therefore, it appears that the initiator activity of RepA is not related to the incompatibility phenotype associated with an excess of RepA protein. An immunoblot analysis revealed that neither RepA nor RepAcop1 synthesis was temperature sensitive and that both were autogenously regulated to a similar extent because of the presence of an operator located immediately upstream of the promoter. Two mutant RepA proteins, each of which contains a 4-amino-acid insertion in the middle of the protein, maintained the autorepressor and incompatibility activities but lost the ori(Rts1)-activating function.
Time-Delay Estimation Of The Line-Of-Sight Signal In A Multipath Environment (2000)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
Neutrophil recruitment by allergens contribute to allergic sensitization and allergic inflammation (2015)

Recent studies have revealed that neutrophil recruitment is important in the development of allergic sensitization and inflammation. Inhibition of neutrophils recruitment may be a strategy to control allergic inflammation.
Segmenting Scenes by Matching Image Composites (2018)

In this paper, we investigate how, given an image, similar images sharing the same global description can help with unsupervised scene segmentation. In contrast to recent work in semantic alignment of scenes, we allow an input image to be explained by partial matches of similar scenes. This allows for a better explanation of the input scenes. We perform MRF-based segmentation that optimizes over matches, while respecting boundary information. The recovered segments are then used to re-query a large database of images to retrieve better matches for the target regions. We show improved performance in detecting the principal occluding and contact boundaries for the scene over previous methods on data gathered from the LabelMe database.
Seismostratigraphic inversion: Appraisal, ambiguity, and uncertainty (2007)

Abstract Geologic process models predict the geometry of geologic strata and their petrophysical properties, based on mathematical models of geological processes that affect the formation and evolution of geologic strata. Such processes include erosion, sediment transport, and deposition. The resulting forward model is typically nonlinear. Given observations and a misfit measure, one may attempt inversion of these models to estimate process parameters that yield compatible predictions. For seismostratigraphic inversion, seismic data are used as observations. We tested such an algorithm in a prograding-delta environment to examine the effect of using different seismic attributes as observations and, thus, different choices of misfit measures. The first measure, based on the degree of parallelism between seismic reflectors and modeled geologic strata, demonstrated a trade-off between geologic time and the sediment-influx rate used to parameterize the model. A second misfit measure used unwrapped seismic instantaneous phase as a crude proxy to relative geologic time, which regularized the model parameters. Then last, we combined the two measures to take advantage of their individual characteristics. For most of these inversion experiments, we obtained results that capture the geometry of the geologic strata as observed on the seismic data. With the exception of the depositional time-rate trade-off, where the same strata can be obtained in a shorter geologic interval when rates are increased, we found the inversion to be surprisingly stable, with a unique cluster of acceptable parameters, despite the nonlinearity of the geologic forward model.
Competitive Adsorption of Polyelectrolytes onto and into Pellicle-Coated Hydroxyapatite Investigated by QCM-D and Force Spectroscopy (2017)

A current effort in preventive dentistry is to inhibit surface attachment of bacteria using antibacterial polymer coatings on the tooth surface. For the antibacterial coatings, the physisorption of anionic and cationic polymers directly onto hydroxyapatite (HA) and saliva-treated HA surfaces was studied using quartz crystal microbalance, force spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. First, single species adsorption is shown to be stronger on HA surfaces than on silicon oxide surfaces for all polymers (i.e., Gantrez, sodium hyaluronate (NaHa), and poly(allylamine-co-allylguanidinium) (PAA-G75)). It is observed through pH dependence of Gantrez, NaHa, and PAA-G75 adsorption on HA surfaces that anionic polymers swell at high pH and collapse at low pH, whereas cationic polymers behave in the opposite fashion. Thicknesses of Gantrez, NaHa, and PAA-G75 are 52 nm (46 nm), 35 nm (11 nm), and 6 nm (54 nm) at pH 7 (3.5), respectively. Second, absorption of charged polymer is followed by absorption of the oppositely charged polymer. Upon exposure of the anionic polymer layers, Gantrez and NaHa, to the cationic polymer, PAA-G75, films collapse from 52 to 8 nm and 35 to 11 nm, respectively. This decrease in film thickness is attributed to the electrostatic cross-linking between anionic and cationic polymers. Third, for HA surfaces pretreated with artificial saliva (AS), the total thickness decreases from 25 to 16 nm upon exposure to PAA-G75. Force spectroscopy is used to further investigate the PAA-G75/AS coating. The results show that the interaction between a negatively charged colloidal bead and the AS surface is strongly repulsive, whereas PAA-G75/AS is attractive but varies across the surface. Additionally, AFM studies show that AS/HA is smooth with a RMS roughness of 1.7 nm, and PAA-G75-treated AS/HA is rough (RMS roughness of 5.4 nm) with patches of polymer distributed across the surface with an underlying coating. The high roughness of PAA-G75 treated AS/HA is attributed to the strong adsorption of the relatively small PAA-G75 onto the heterogeneously distributed negatively charged AS surface. In addition, uptake of PAA-G75 by pellicle layer (saliva-treated HA surface) is observed, and the adsorbed amount of PAA-G75 on/into pellicle layer is ∼2 times more than that on/into AS layer. These studies show that polymer adsorption onto HA and saliva-coated HA depends strongly on the polymer type and size and that there is an electrostatic interaction between polymer and saliva and/or oppositely charged polymers that stabilizes the coatings on HA. Lastly, assessing the viability of the adherent bacteria collected from the PAA-G75-coated surfaces showed a significant reduction (∼93%) in bacterial viability when compared to bacteria collected from untreated and Gantrez-coated HA. These results suggest the potential antimicrobial activity of PAA-G75.
Comparison of Four Nuclear Isolation Buffers for Plant DNA Flow Cytometry (2006)

Each lysis buffer tested responded to a specific problem differently and none of the buffers worked best with all species. These results expand our knowledge on nuclear isolation buffers and will facilitate selection of the most appropriate buffer depending on species, tissue type and the presence of cytosolic compounds interfering with DNA staining.
.BETA.-Glucuronidase-Inhibitory Activity and Hepatoprotective Effect of Ganoderma lucidum. (1999)

To prove the relationship between the fluctuation in serum beta-glucuronidase level and hepatotoxicity, an inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase from G. lucidum was isolated and its hepatoprotective activity was investigated. The ether fraction of G. lucidum, which had potent beta-glucuronidase-inhibitory activity, protected against CCl4-induced liver injury. From this ether fraction, ganoderenic acid A, was isolated as the potent inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase. It had a potent hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced liver injury. These results suggest that the beta-glucuronidase seems to be closely related to liver injury, which could be prevented by beta-glucuronidase inhibitors.
Adaptive global optimization with local search (1994)

This dissertation examines the performance of genetic algorithm (GA) hybrids that use local search to solve global optimization problems. GAs are a class of adaptive global sampling methods that take many cues from mechanisms observed in natural evolution. GAs maintain a population of solutions that are used to generate new solutions in the search space. GA hybrids using local search (GA-LS hybrids) are motivated by the apparent need to employ both a global and local search strategy to provide an effective global optimization method. Previous experimental results have found that GA-LS hybrids not only find better solutions than the GA, but also optimize more efficiently.
To improve the efficiency of GA-LS hybrids, I propose and experimentally validate methods that selectively apply local search to solutions in the GA's population. First, local search is randomly applied with a fixed frequency. Experiments with this method illustrate a trade-off between the refinement performed by local search and the reliability of the competitive search performed by the GA. Next, I describe two classes of adaptive methods. Distribution-based adaptive methods use redundancy in the population to avoid performing unnecessary local searches. Fitness-based adaptive methods use the fitness information in the population to bias the local search towards individuals that have better fitness. An experimental analysis indicates that these adaptive methods can significantly improve the efficiency of GA-LS hybrids.
This dissertation explores implications of these results for parallel GAs. In particular, a MIMD design for geographically structured genetic algorithms (GSGAs) is described. GSGAs were initially developed for SIMD architectures, where it is difficult to selectively apply local search. An analytic and experimental analysis of MIMD GSGAs demonstrates that they scale well for large problems.
GA-LS hybrids are used to solve global optimization problems in several application domains. First, GA-LS hybrids are used to find the weights of a neural network to solve the six-bit symmetry problem. Next, they are used to solve a simple 19 atom molecular conformation problem. Finally, they are applied to a drug docking problem. When compared to simulated annealing, GA-LS hybrids not only find better solutions and optimize more efficiently.
Phase Shift Technique for the Measurement of Chromatic Dispersion in Optical Fibers Using LED's (1982)

A sinusoidal technique is reported, which allows simple and accurate measurements of chromatic dispersion in optical fibers. It is based on the phase shift which a sinusoidally modulated light beam undergoes while traveling along a fiber when its wavelength is changed. The choice of a multiple LED's source permits the continuous spectral covering from 750 to 1600 nm; easily available instrumentation and devices are needed for the measurement setup. The technique is reported in detail by showing results obtained in multimode fibers; statistical evaluation of its accuracy and a comparison with conventional methods are carried out. An accuracy of a few picosecond in relative delay and of /spl I.chemc/1 ps/nm /spl dot/ km in chromatic dispersion are demonstrated, that compare very favorably with the existing techniques.
Transurethral radiofrequency hot balloon thermal therapy in chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. (1998)

There is no universally successful therapy for chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. Successful outcomes of treatment have been independently reported with transurethral heat therapy and balloon dilation. The THERP transurethral "hot balloon" uses balloon dilation of the prostatic urethra and radiofrequency heating of the prostate. Patients with refractory chronic nonbacterial prostatitis were assessed with validated prostatitis-specific symptom indices prior to, 3, and 6 months after 900 seconds of THERP treatment. Although early results appeared promising the long-term results in four patients led to early termination of the study. Although one patient did have improvement at 6 months, no patient reported improvement at 9 months, and the adverse events (urinary retention, retrograde ejaculation, hematuria, urethral stricture, worsening of symptoms) of this treatment in prostatitis patients was significant. This study demonstrated no sustainable efficacy and substantial adverse effects for the use of combination balloon dilation and heat therapy for patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis.
Sporicidal Effect of Peracetic Acid Vapor (1968)

The sporicidal activity of peracetic acid (PAA) vapor at 20, 40, 60, and 80% relative humidity (RH) and 25 C was determined on Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores on paper and glass surfaces. Appreciable activity occurred within 10 min of exposure to 1 mg of PAA per liter and 40% or higher RH. The sporicidal rate decreased from the optimum at 80% RH to a slight effect at 20% RH. Spores on an impermeable surface were more difficult to kill than those on a porous one, probably because the cells tend to pile up on an impermeable surface and the vapor penetrates poorly through the layer of covering cells.
Modeling and simulation of the main metabolism in Escherichia coli and its several single-gene knockout mutants with experimental verification (2010)

It was shown to be useful to simulate the main metabolism of E. coli for understanding metabolic changes inside the cell in response to specific pathway gene knockouts, considering the whole main metabolic pathways. The comparison of the simulation result with the experimental data indicates that the present model could simulate the effect of the specific gene knockouts to the changes in the metabolisms to some extent.
Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language (1984)

Atranscendentność,
Etching of copper with sulphuric acid/hydrogen peroxide solutions (1984)

Removal of copper from copper clad laminate using sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide at the various stages of printed circuit manufacture is discussed and performances are compared with other processes available. The influence on performance resulting from additions of stabiliser for hydrogen peroxide, accelerators used to enhance the rate of attack of copper and inhibitors which prevent attack of metallic etch resists are examined. Techniques for recovery of copper are discussed together with details of equipment required for both small and large scale operation
Differential release of sialic acid from normal and malignant cells by Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase or influenza virus neuraminidase. (1973)

Summary A comparison was made between the amounts of sialic acid released from viable cell suspensions of normal and malignant cells by Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) and by influenza virus neuraminidase. More sialic acid can be removed by enzyme digestion from various tumors than from normal lymphoid cells. More sialic acid can be removed from the surface of both normal and tumor cells by VCN than by influenza virus neuraminidase. VCN lyses the 2–3, 2–6, and 2–8 glycosidic linkages between sialic acid and the mucopolysaccharides of the cell surface, and influenza virus neuraminidase lyses only the 2–3 and 2–8 linkages. Therefore, it appears that most cell-surface sialic acid residues are bound by the 2–6 linkage on both normal and malignant cells. The relative increase in cell-surface sialic acid residues may be important to tumor immunotherapy, since the removal of cell-surface sialic acid residues with VCN increases the immunogenicity of tumor cells.
Graph Neural Network for Fraud Detection via Spatial-Temporal Attention (2020)

Card fraud is an important issue and incurs a considerable cost for both cardholders and issuing banks. Contemporary methods apply machine learning-based approaches to detect fraudulent behavior from transaction records. But manually generating features needs domain knowledge and may lay behind the modus operandi of fraud, which means we need to automatically focus on the most relevant fraudulent behavior patterns in the online detection system. Therefore, in this work, we propose a spatial-temporal attention-based graph network (STAGN) for credit card fraud detection. In particular, we learn the temporal and location-based transaction graph features by a graph neural network first. Afterwards, we employ the spatial-temporal attention on top of learned tensor representations, which are then fed into a 3D convolution network. The attentional weights are jointly learned in an end-to-end manner with 3D convolution and detection networks. After that, we conduct extensive experiments on the real-word card transaction dataset. The result shows that STAGN performs better than other state-of-the-art baselines in both AUC and precision-recall curves. Moreover, we conduct empirical studies with domain experts on the proposed method for fraud detection and knowledge discovery; the result demonstrates its superiority in detecting suspicious transactions, mining spatial and temporal fraud hotspots, and uncover fraud patterns. The effectiveness of the proposed method in other user behavior-based tasks is also demonstrated. Finally, in order to tackle the challenges of big data, we integrate our proposed STAGN into the fraud detection system as the predictive model and present the implementation detail of each module in the system.
Effect of solder alloy composition on its solid-state bonding quality with Ni microcones (2015)

A novel type of low-temperature bonding technique which uses metallic microcones to thermocompressively bond with solder is currently being extensively studied for its potential in achieving fine-pitch interconnection in advanced packaging and system integration. This paper compares the bonding of three different solder alloys with Ni microcones: Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-3.0Ag, and Sn-9Zn, in terms of deformation behavior during bonding process, joint morphology, and bonding strength. Solder composition affects the bonding process in three aspects: the deformation behavior during bonding process, the resistance to shear destruction, and the reactive diffusion that leads to IMC formation on the interface. Optimization of soft side material used for solid-state insertion bonding is also discussed in principle.
Testing aspherics using two-wavelength holography: use of digital electronic techniques (1984)

Two-wavelength holography has been shown to be quite useful for testing aspheric surfaces since it can produce interferograms with a wide range of sensitivities. However, TWH has the drawback that the accuracy attainable from measurements on photographs of the fringes is limited. It is shown how this limitation can be overcome by using digital electronic techniques to evaluate the phase distribution in the interference pattern.
Self-reactive antibody expression by human carcinoma cells engineered with monoclonal antibody genes. (1993)

The purpose of this study was to determine if human colon cancer cells transduced with monoclonal antibody (MAb) genes become sensitive to immune destruction through coexpression of both the MAb and its reactive antigen. Murine retroviral expression vectors were constructed with the heavy or light chain genes of an anti-human colon carcinoma MAb, D612, that mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Transduction of D612 MAb genes into the D612 antigen-positive (> 95%) human colon carcinoma cell line, LS-174T, was carried out by sequential cocultivation with PA317 packaging cells producing infectious virions containing the light or heavy chain expression vectors. Six cultures survived drug selection, two of which were found to have elevated levels of both light and heavy immunoglobulin chain activity in their supernatants. IgG secretion levels (24 h) were 1-2 ng/1 x 10(6) cells. Low but definite antigen reactivity was also present in supernatants obtained from these LS-174T transductants. Immunocytochemical staining of transduced tumor cells revealed that > 95% of the cells were positive for IgG expression. Thus, LS-174T transductants were capable of producing both the D612 MAb and D612-reactive antigen. Analysis of transductants by flow cytometry further revealed that > 95% of the cells had murine immunoglobulin on their surfaces. ADCC mediated by human natural killer cells against nontransduced tumor cells was observed when the latter cells were co-cultivated in the presence of transductants producing both D612 heavy and light chains but not in the presence of tumor cells transduced with light chain only. LS-174T cells transduced with both D612 heavy and light chain genes were more sensitive to cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer cells than were light chain gene only transductants. ADCC contributed to the greater sensitivity of the former transductants to cytotoxicity based on its inhibition by anti-FcR gamma III antibody. Thus, these studies demonstrate that tumor cells transduced with genes encoding for MAbs that can participate in ADCC reactions are able to sensitize nontransduced tumor cells to immune destruction as well as to direct killer cells against themselves. These studies may lead to a new immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer based on MAb gene therapy.
URI Scheme for the Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) Protocol (2013)

This document specifies the syntax and semantics of the Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI) scheme for the Session Traversal Utilities
for NAT (STUN) protocol.