gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nerve growth factor stimulates the hydrolysis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol in PC-12 cells: a mechanism of protein kinase C regulation. (1989)

Treatment of PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells with nerve growth factor (NGF) results in the differentiation of these cells into a sympathetic neuron-like phenotype. Although the initial intracellular signals elicited by NGF remain unknown, some of the cellular effects of NGF are similar to those of other growth factors, such as insulin. We have investigated the involvement of a newly identified inositol-containing glycolipid in signal transduction for the actions of NGF. NGF stimulates the rapid generation of a species of diacylglycerol that is labeled with [3H]myristate but not with [3H]arachidonate. NGF stimulates [3H]myristate- or [32P]phosphate-labeled phosphatidic acid production over the same time course. Although NGF alone has no effect on the turnover of inositol phospholipids, it does stimulate the hydrolysis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol. The NGF-dependent cleavage of this lipid is accompanied by an increase in the accumulation of its polar head group, an inositol phosphate glycan, which is generated within 30-60 sec of NGF treatment. In an unresponsive PC-12 mutant cell line, neither the diacylglycerol nor inositol phosphate glycan response is detected. A possible role for the NGF-stimulated diacylglycerol is suggested by the inhibition of NGF-dependent c-fos induction by staurosporin, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C. These results suggest that, like insulin, some of the cellular effects of NGF may be mediated by the phospholipase C-catalyzed hydrolysis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol.
Niemann-Pick disease treatment: a systematic review of clinical trials. (2015)

The aim of this systematic review was to analyse all the published clinical trials assessing treatments for Niemann-Pick (NP) disease. At present there are only trials investigating the treatment of NP disease type C. Furthermore, there is no uniformity among studies in treatment outcomes or in data analysis and presentation of results. Miglustat is able to delay neurodegeneration, with greater benefits in patients with a late onset of the disease and β-cyclodextrin-hydroxypropyl (HBP-CD) can attenuate clinical symptoms. As for cholesterol-lowering drugs, the combination of lovastatin, cholestyramine and nicotinic acid is the most effective one for lowering cholesterolemia. Further research is much needed, and ongoing trials using enzyme replacement therapy might hopefully show promising results in the foreseeable future.
Paxillin phosphorylation at Ser273 localizes a GIT1–PIX–PAK complex and regulates adhesion and protrusion dynamics (2006)

Continuous adhesion formation and disassembly (adhesion turnover) in the protrusions of migrating cells is regulated by unclear mechanisms. We show that p21-activated kinase (PAK)-induced phosphorylation of serine 273 in paxillin is a critical regulator of this turnover. Paxillin-S273 phosphorylation dramatically increases migration, protrusion, and adhesion turnover by increasing paxillin-GIT1 binding and promoting the localization of a GIT1-PIX-PAK signaling module near the leading edge. Mutants that interfere with the formation of this ternary module abrogate the effects of paxillin-S273 phosphorylation. PAK-dependent paxillin-S273 phosphorylation functions in a positive-feedback loop, as active PAK, active Rac, and myosin II activity are all downstream effectors of this turnover pathway. Finally, our studies led us to identify in highly motile cells a class of small adhesions that reside near the leading edge, turnover in 20-30 s, and resemble those seen with paxillin-S273 phosphorylation. These adhesions appear to be regulated by the GIT1-PIX-PAK module near the leading edge.
On Definitions of a Burst (1965)

One of the accepted definitions of a “burst” in coding theory is the following: “A burst of length b is a vector whose only nonzero components are among b successive components, the first and last of which are nonzero.”
Oral ambroxol increases brain glucocerebrosidase activity in a nonhuman primate (2017)

Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1) gene are related to both Parkinson disease (PD) and Gaucher disease (GD). In both cases, the condition is associated with deficiency of glucocerebrosidase (GCase), the enzyme encoded by GBA1. Ambroxol is a small molecule chaperone that has been shown in mice to cross the blood-brain barrier, increase GCase activity and reduce alpha-synuclein protein levels. In this study, we analyze the effect of ambroxol treatment on GCase activity in healthy nonhuman primates. We show that daily administration of ambroxol results in increased brain GCase activity. Our work further indicates that ambroxol should be investigated as a novel therapy for both PD and neuronopathic GD in humans.
Bearing Health Monitoring Based on Hilbert–Huang Transform, Support Vector Machine, and Regression (2014)

The detection, diagnostic, and prognostic of bearing degradation play a key role in increasing the reliability and safety of electrical machines, especially in key industrial sectors. This paper presents a new approach that combines the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), the support vector machine (SVM), and the support vector regression (SVR) for the monitoring of ball bearings. The proposed approach uses the HHT to extract new heath indicators from stationary/nonstationary vibration signals able to tack the degradation of the critical components of bearings. The degradation states are detected by a supervised classification technique called SVM, and the fault diagnostic is given by analyzing the extracted health indicators. The estimation of the remaining useful life is obtained by a one-step time-series prediction based on SVR. A set of experimental data collected from degraded bearings is used to validate the proposed approach. The experimental results show that the use of the HHT, the SVM, and the SVR is a suitable strategy to improve the detection, diagnostic, and prognostic of bearing degradation.
Ferromagnetic metal/semiconductor hybrid structures for magnetoelectronics (1999)

We report on the following new ferromagnetic metal/semiconductor heterostructure material systems: (1) Fe/InAs(100)-4×2, (2) Fe/InAs(graded)/GaAs(100), and (3) Fe/InAs/AlSb/GaSb/AlSb/InAs/GaAs resonant tunneling diodes. Single crystal Fe films have been stabilized in these structures using molecular beam epitaxy growth, as evidenced by low energy electron diffraction. The magnetic and electrical properties have been studied using in situ (and focused) magneto-optical Kerr effect, alternating gradient field magnetometry, and current–voltage measurements. The results show that Fe/InAs based heterostructures are very promising systems for use in future magnetoelectronic devices as they have well defined magnetic properties as well as favorable electrical properties.
Structural characterization of diamondlike carbon films using Raman spectroscopy (1999)

Raman Spectroscopy was employed for characterising the structure of diamondlike carbon films deposited using ion beam assisted deposition and ion beam sputtering, using various ion beam sources at low temperature. Films grown in a hydrogen-free ambient give a typical Raman pattern with a broad peak centred around the 1580 cm−1 band (G line), accompanied by a secondary peak centred at 600 cm−1 band, confirming an amorphous diamond-like carbon structure. Films deposited in a hydrocarbon ambient and using a nitrogen ion beam source tend to give an extra shoulder centred at 1400 cm−1 band, indicating the incorporation of hydrogen or nitrogen. However, with an excessive hydrogen content, degeneration of the Raman profile occurs, resulting in an almost linear spectrum. Based on deconvolution of the spectra, implications of the G line shift associated with structural variation of the films are discussed.
Characterization of Bacillus subtilis RB14, coproducer of peptide antibiotics iturin A and surfactin. (1992)

Concerns about potentially harmful effects of long-term treatment of chemical insecticides and pesticides and the emergence of pathogens resistance to these agents make the use of natural bacterial antagonists specific to the pathogens-i.e. biological control of plant diseases-attractive to protect the environment.
Physiological observations validate finite element models for estimating subject-specific electric field distributions induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex (2013)

Recent evidence indicates subject-specific gyral folding patterns and white matter anisotropy uniquely shape electric fields generated by TMS. Current methods for predicting the brain regions influenced by TMS involve projecting the TMS coil position or center of gravity onto realistic head models derived from structural and functional imaging data. Similarly, spherical models have been used to estimate electric field distributions generated by TMS pulses delivered from a particular coil location and position. In the present paper we inspect differences between electric field computations estimated using the finite element method (FEM) and projection-based approaches described above. We then more specifically examined an approach for estimating cortical excitation volumes based on individualistic FEM simulations of electric fields. We evaluated this approach by performing neurophysiological recordings during MR-navigated motormapping experiments. We recorded motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in response to single pulse TMS using two different coil orientations (45° and 90° to midline) at 25 different locations (5×5 grid, 1cm spacing) centered on the hotspot of the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle in left motor cortex. We observed that motor excitability maps varied within and between subjects as a function of TMS coil position and orientation. For each coil position and orientation tested, simulations of the TMS-induced electric field were computed using individualistic FEM models and compared to MEP amplitudes obtained during our motormapping experiments. We found FEM simulations of electric field strength, which take into account subject-specific gyral geometry and tissue conductivity anisotropy, significantly correlated with physiologically observed MEP amplitudes (rmax=0.91, p=1.8×10(-5) rmean=0.81, p=0.01). These observations validate the implementation of individualistic FEM models to account for variations in gyral folding patterns and tissue conductivity anisotropy, which should help improve the targeting accuracy of TMS in the mapping or modulation of human brain circuits.
The Nafion-H-catalyzed Acylation of Thiophene with Acid Anhydrides (1982)

Abstract The reaction of thiophene with acyclic acid anhydrides in the presence of Nafion-H (fluorocarbon resin sulfonic acid) afforded the corresponding 2-acylthiophenes in moderate yields. Acylation with cyclic acid anhydrides gave only low yields, however. The Nafion-H catalyst could be reused for the acylation with a little loss of activity.
Synthesis of [Al]-SSZ-31 by Dry-Gel Conversion (DGC) Method (2000)

Abstract Synthesis of large-pore zeolite [Al]-SSZ-31 has been studied by dry-gel conversion method using 1, 8-diazoniaoctane type of structure-directing agent. Pure SSZ-31 was obtained with NaOH/SiO2 = 0.05-0.12, while the product was contaminated with MFI below or above this range. Snowtex-40 (colloidal), as the silica source yielded SSZ-31, while Cab-O-Sil M-5 and Ludox AS-40 yielded mostly MFI phase. A phase change: BEA→SSZ-31→MFI was observed with time course at optimum NaOH/SiO2.
Evidence for post-translational incorporation of a product of mevalonic acid into Swiss 3T3 cell proteins. (1984)

Previous studies have identified several cellular requirements for mevalonic acid that appear unrelated to cholesterol, dolichol, or ubiquinone. To search for other products of mevalonic acid that might account for these requirements we cultured Swiss 3T3 cells in the presence of mevinolin, an inhibitor of mevalonic acid biosynthesis, then labeled the cells with exogenous radioactive mevalonic acid. Upon analyzing the radioactive material formed, we found that 40-50% of it was not extractable into lipid solvents, and that most of the lipid-insoluble material behaved like protein when treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate:chloroform:phenol, RNase, or proteinase K. Further analysis by electrophoresis revealed that radioactivity was associated with a few specific proteins that had apparent molecular weights of 13,000-58,000. Control experiments indicated that authentic radioactive (R)-mevalonic acid was the active precursor. Other lines of evidence suggested that mevalonate was first converted to an isoprenoid compound, then covalently incorporated into proteins by way of a cycloheximide-insensitive mechanism. These results suggest that Swiss 3T3 cells possess novel metabolic products of mevalonic acid metabolism that are formed by post-translational incorporation of isoprenoids into specific cell proteins.
The Extra Pharmacopoeia (1967)

Part 1 Monographs on drugs and ancillary substances. Part 2 Supplementary drugs and other substances. Part 3 Preparations. Part 4 Indexes - directory of manufacturers.
ADVANCES IN RHENIUM CATALYSTS (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT ADVANCES IN RHENIUM CATALYSTSWilliam H. Davenport, Valerie. Kollonitsch, and Charles H. KleinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1968, 60, 11, 10–19Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50707a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50707a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views731Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Anhydrous Nanoemulsion: An Advanced Drug Delivery System for Poorly Aqueous Soluble Drugs (2017)

Anhydrous nanoemulsions are novel colloidal dispersion with a nanosized kinetically stable system for poor aqueous soluble drugs like indomethacin, ibuprofen, cimetidine, phenylbutazone etc. This review deals with the basic concept of development of anhydrous nanoemulsions and vital role of surfactants. In the colloidal dispersion system water replaced with polyols or polar liquid phase which is best suited for water unstable and water sensitive drugs. Due to the larger size of globules or droplets and motility of surfactant in the system, it is capable of incorporating both lipophilic as well as hydrophilic active moieties. Special attention was given to prepare anhydrous preparation with avoidance of aqueous phase in a system and design fresh surfactant combination to achieve stable carrier system for hydrophobic drugs. Dispersion consists of oil, nonaqueous phase and surfactant and mixture of surfactant. Present reviews explored different surfactant and surfactant combination used for the preparation of anhydrous nanoemulsions. Keywords: Anhydrous nanoemulsions, surfactant, indomethacin, lipophilic, hydrophilic, colloidal system, nonaqueous.
An improved fast face recognition algorithm based on adjacent pixel intensity difference quantization histogram (2008)

In this paper, we present an improved face recognition algorithm based on adjacent pixel intensity difference quantization (APIDQ) histogram method proposed by Kotani et al. [12]. We optimize the quantization method of APIDQ according to the maximum entropy principle (MEP), and determine the best parameters for APIDQ. Experimental results show maximum average recognition rate of 97.2 % for 400 images of 40 persons (10 images per person) from the publicly available AT&T face database.
DNA Polymerase III of Gram-Positive Eubacteria Is a Zinc Metalloprotein Conserving an Essential Finger-like Domain (1998)

DNA polymerase III (pol III) of Gram-positive eubacteria is a catalytically bifunctional DNA polymerase:3'-5' exonuclease [Low, R. L., Rashbaum, S. A., and Cozzarelli, N. R. (1976) J. Biol.Chem. 251, 1311-1325]. The pol III protein conserves, between its exonuclease and dNTP binding sites, a 35-residue segment of primary structure with the potential to form a zinc finger-like structure [Berg, J. M. (1990) Ann. Rev. Biochem. 19, 405-421]. This paper describes results of experiments which probe the capacity of this segment to bind zinc and the role of this segment in enzyme function. The results of metal and mutational analysis of a model pol III derived from Bacillus subtilis indicate that (i) the Gram-positive pol III is a metalloprotein containing tightly bound zinc in a stoichiometry of 1, (ii) the zinc atom is bound within the 35-residue segment, likely in one of two probable finger-like structures, and (iii) the integrity of the zinc-bound structure is specifically critical to the formation and/or function of the enzyme's polymerase site.
Human Milk Lipidomics: Current Techniques and Methodologies (2018)

Human milk contains a complex combination of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals, which are essential for infant growth and development. While the lipid portion constitutes only 5% of the total human milk composition, it accounts for over 50% of the infant's daily energy intake. Human milk lipids vary throughout a feed, day, and through different stages of lactation, resulting in difficulties in sampling standardization and, like blood, human milk is bioactive containing endogenous lipases, therefore appropriate storage is critical in order to prevent lipolysis. Suitable sample preparation, often not described in studies, must also be chosen to achieve the aims of the study. Gas chromatography methods have classically been carried out to investigate the fatty acid composition of human milk lipids, but with the advancement of other chromatographic techniques, such as liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography, as well as mass spectrometry, intact lipids can also be characterized. Despite the known importance, concise and comprehensive analysis of the human milk lipidome is limited, with gaps existing in all areas of human milk lipidomics, discussed in this review. With appropriate methodology and instrumentation, further understanding of the human milk lipidome and the influence it has on infant outcomes can be achieved.
Synthesis of PVC‐<i>g</i>‐PS through stereoselective nucleophilic substitution on PVC (2006)

Abstract The substitution reaction of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with sodium azide was performed in cyclohexanone. The evolution of unreacted iso‐, hetero‐ and syndiotactic triad contents with the degree of substitution has been followed by 13 C NMR spectroscopy. By quantitatively comparing the microstructure changes with degree of substitution, taking into account that the reaction is of S N 2 type, only the mechanisms of substitution through the mm triad of mmr tetrad and the rm of rrmr pentads are shown to react. This conclusion was confirmed by FT‐IR. From this stereospecific chemical modification of PVC, the thermal decomposition of azide‐modified PVC and the consequent reaction with styrene offer a method for the preparation of stereoselective graft copolymers. After grafting, no variation of the microstructure of the chain has been demonstrated. These results have been used to study the effect of the aforementioned structures on the evolution of density as a function of free‐volume of the graft copolymers, and thus provide new approaches to a better understanding of the structure‐properties relationships at the molecular level. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2476–2486, 2006
Effective treatment strategies for diabetic foot wounds. (2000)

Nonhealing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes are the leading cause of complications such as infection and amputation. This is a review of the traditional methods of good wound care for the diabetic foot ulcer. We also introduce newer methods for the treatment of these ulcers including hyperbaric oxygen therapy, bioengineered tissue, and recombinant platelet-derived growth factor-BB. By using a multidisciplinary team approach to care and integrating traditional and new wound-healing technologies, the goal of the US Department of Health and Human Services to lower the diabetic amputation rate by 40% may be achieved.
Target hematologic values in the management of essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera (2014)

Treatment of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV) is aimed at preventing vascular complications, which are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in these diseases. Over the years, clinical trials have demonstrated that the incidence of thrombosis and bleeding can be reduced by controlling the blood cell counts, but the target hematological levels have varied across the studies. In this article, we review the evidence supporting the use of predefined target hematologic values for the management of ET and PV in routine clinical practice. At present, the recommended target hematocrit in PV is below 45%, regardless of the patients' risk profile. Concerning platelet counts, no direct correlation has been demonstrated with thrombotic risk in either ET or PV. Thus, although cytoreductive treatment reduces the rate of vascular complications in high-risk patients, no particular threshold of the platelet counts has been shown to be more protective against thrombosis. Extreme thrombocytosis is a risk factor for bleeding, particularly when aspirin or anagrelide are given. Leukocytosis at baseline or during follow-up appears to be a risk factor for thrombosis, mostly in high-risk patients. However, the clinical benefit of strictly controlling this parameter is not yet established. Finally, standardized definitions of response to cytoreductive treatment in ET and PV have recently been published. Nevertheless, they have been produced to compare the efficacy of new therapies in clinical trials, whereas its relevance in clinical practice has been questioned in retrospective studies showing that such response definitions do not correlate with the patients' clinical outcome.
Resistance to Interferon of a Human Adenocarcinoma Cell Line, HEC-1, and its Sensitivity to Natural Killer Cell Action (1981)

A human endometrial cancer cell line, HEC-1, was found to be resistant to the antiviral and anticellular action of interferon. However, HEC-1 cells were susceptible to the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells, and interferon enhanced such NK activity. When HEC-1 cells were treated with interferon, sensitivity of HEC cells to the cytotoxicity of NK cells was not suppressed.