gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on a novel flip-chip interconnect structure. Pillar bump (2002)

Pillar bump is a novel interconnect structure, including non-reflowable base and a reflowable cap like a pillar shape. In this study, pillar bump with copper base and Sn63/Pb37 eutectic solder cap is processed via electrolytic plating. Based on whether flat eutectic cap is reflowed prior to assembly, pillar bump is further split into two categories, namely pre-reflowed and non-reflowed, respectively. Assembly feasibility assessment as well as bump integrity evaluation are carried out. Bump shear test is conducted for both before and after reliability and failure mode is characterized via SEM and EDX. Furthermore, a 10 mm/spl times/10 mm test chip having 180 Cu/eutectic solder pillar bumps with 0.2 mm pitch is assembled onto BT substrate via no clean flux and subsequently underfilled. The results show that pillar shape is still maintained after assembly that can meet fine pitch requirement. No shear strength deterioration after moisture sensitivity preconditioning and 1000 thermal cycle test (TCT, -40/spl deg/C/spl sim/125/spl deg/C) has been observed. EDX spectra indicate fracture has occurred in the interfacial region between Al and silicon, not arising from bumping process. Furthermore, bump integrity is intact after package level reliability test under the same conditions as above. Stress simulation results lead to conclusion that maximum shear stress occurs in copper pillar portion with average range of 40/spl sim/50 MPa that is much below the shear strength of copper.
Reversible Triclinic-Rhombohedral Phase Transition in LiHf<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>:  Crystal Structures from Neutron Powder Diffraction (1997)

Crystalline single-phase LiHf2(PO4)3 has been synthesized. It shows a phase transition at 235 K that has been characterized through DSC, low-temperature X-ray diffractometry, and ionic conductivity measurements. The crystal structures of the two phases have been established by neutron powder diffraction at 175 and 320 K. The room-temperature phase is rhombohedral R3̄c, Z = 6, a = 8.8306(1) Å and c = 22.0270(5) Å and the structure has been refined by the Rietveld method to Rwp = 6.29% and RF = 4.68%. The framework is similar to that shown by NASICON materials with the Li cations disordered out of the M1 position and close to the M1−M2 bottleneck site. The crystallographically refined composition was Li0.87Hf2.032(PO4)3 in agreement with the chemical analysis. The low-temperature phase is triclinic C1̄, Z = 4, a = 15.2680(4) Å, b = 8.6946(3), c = 9.0722(2) Å, α = 89.323(2)°, β = 123.740(2)°, and γ = 90.666(2)°, and the structure has been refined to Rwp = 4.61% and RF = 2.25%. This is a common reversible order−disorder phase transition with some subtle structural changes. These structural changes and the consequences in the ionic conductivity properties will be discussed. This is the first structural report on a low-temperature phase in the Li−NASICON system.
Corrosion-mechanical resistance of arc-sprayed coatings made from cored powders (2018)

Result of investigations of resistance against corrosion and mechanical resistance of obtained by means of arc-spray metallization (with the use of cored wires) coatings are presented. The cored wires (CWs) enable us to regulate the chemical composition and, consequently, properties of the deposited coating in a wide range.
Enterprise Internal Controlling Risks and Prevention within ERP System (2011)

Nowadays, while the government has launched the policy of industrialization to be stimulated by informatization, the application of ERP system is undoubtedly a powerful engine to promote the development of enterprise informatization. It has boosted tremendous changes of management process in enterprises, meanwhile, it has also brought risks with IT features to the enterprise's internal control. Therefore, it is imperative and important to explore and do researches on the risks of internal control and take preventive measures within the ERP context in the future. Starting from the concepts of ERP system and internal control, this article elaborates the implications of EPR system on various factors of internal control after enterprises put it into practice. Basing on the study of survey data of enterprises, a further analysis is carried on about the risks that internal control of enterprises is tackling within the ERP system. Thus, some corresponding measures to guard against these risks are put forward thereof.
Finding structure with randomness: Probabilistic algorithms for constructing approximate matrix decompositions (2009)

Low-rank matrix approximations, such as the truncated singular value decomposition and the rank-revealing QR decomposition, play a central role in data analysis and scientific computing. This work surveys and extends recent research which demonstrates that randomization offers a powerful tool for performing low-rank matrix approximation. These techniques exploit modern computational architectures more fully than classical methods and open the possibility of dealing with truly massive data sets. This paper presents a modular framework for constructing randomized algorithms that compute partial matrix decompositions. These methods use random sampling to identify a subspace that captures most of the action of a matrix. The input matrix is then compressed---either explicitly or implicitly---to this subspace, and the reduced matrix is manipulated deterministically to obtain the desired low-rank factorization. In many cases, this approach beats its classical competitors in terms of accuracy, speed, and robustness. These claims are supported by extensive numerical experiments and a detailed error analysis.
Rolling dry-coupled transducers for ultrasonic inspections of aging aircraft structures (2004)

Some advanced aircraft materials or coatings are porous or otherwise sensitive to the application of water, gel, or some other ultrasonic couplants. To overcome the problems associated with the liquid coupling medium, dry-coupled rolling modules were developed at Northwestern University for the transmission of both longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves at frequencies up to 10 MHz. Dry-coupled ultrasonic modules contain solid core internal stators and solid or flexible external rotors with the flexible polymer substrates. Two types of the dry-coupled modules are under development. Cylindrical base transducer modules include solid core cylindrical rotors with flexible polymer substrates that rotate around the stators with ultrasonic elements. Dry-coupled modules with elongated bases contain solid core stators and flexible track-like polymer substrates that rotate around the stators as rotors of the modules. The elongated base modules have larger contact interfaces with the inspection surface in comparison with the cylindrical base modules. Some designs of the dry-coupled rolling modules contain several ultrasonic elements with different incident angles or a variable angle unit for rapid adjustments of incident angles. The prototype dry-coupled rolling modules were integrated with the portable ultrasonic inspection systems and tested on a number of Boeing aircraft structures.
Phishing Attacks Detection using Deep Learning Approach (2020)

In the COVID-19 pandemic, people are enforced to adopt ‘work from home’ policy. The Internet has become an effective channel for social interactions nowadays. Peoples' immense dependence on digital platform opens doors for fraud. Phishing is a type of cybercrime to steal users' credentials from online platforms such as online banking, online business, e-commerce, online classroom, digital marketplaces, etc. Phishers develop fake webpages alike the original one and send spam emails to hook the users. Phishers seize users' credentials when an online user visits the counterfeit webpages through the spams. Researchers have introduced enormous tools like blacklist, white-list, and antivirus software to detect phishing webpages. Attackers always devise creative ways to exploit human and network weakness to penetrate cyber defense. This paper presents a data-driven framework for detecting phishing webpages using deep learning approach. More precisely, a multilayer perceptron, which is also referred as a feed-forward neural network is used to predict the phishing webpages. The dataset was collected from Kaggle and contains information of ten thousand webpages. It consists of ten attributes. The proposed model has achieved 95% training accuracy and 93% test accuracy.
Microcirculatory, Endothelial, and Inflammatory Responses in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 Are Distinct From Those Seen in Septic Shock: A Case Control Study (2020)

Critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection frequently exhibit a hyperinflammatory response and develop organ failures; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the microcirculatory, endothelial, and inflammatory responses in critically ill COVID-19 patients and compared them to a group of patients with septic shock in a prospective observational case control study. Thirty critically ill patients with COVID-19 were compared to 33 patients with septic shock.Measurements of sublingual microcirculatory flow using Incident Dark Field video-microscopy and serial measurements of IL-6 and Syndecan-1 levels were performed. COVID-19 patients had significantly less vasoactive drug requirement and lower plasma lactate than those with septic shock. Microcirculatory flow was significantly worse in septic patients than those with COVID-19 (MFI 2.6 vs 2.9 p 0.02, PPV 88 vs 97% P < 0.001). IL-6 was higher in patients with septic shock than COVID-19 (1653 vs 253 pg/mL, P 0.03). IL-6 levels in COVID 19 patients were not elevated compared to healthy controls except on the day of ICU admission. Syndecan-1 levels were not different between the two pathological groups. Compared to patients with undifferentiated septic shock an overt shock state with tissue hypoperfusion does not appear typical of COVID-19 infection. There was no evidence of significant sublingual microcirculatory impairment, widespread endothelial injury or marked inflammatory cytokine release in this group of critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Waste Reduction and Recovery Using O2-Permeable Membrane Reactors (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWaste Reduction and Recovery Using O2-Permeable Membrane ReactorsAnthony G. Dixon, William R. Moser, and Yi Hua MaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 12, 3015–3024Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00036a017Request reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surgical Treatment of Mitral Valve Regurgitation in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2005)

Abstract Background: Mitral valve (MV) surgery for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was proposed at the beginning of the 1990s, and its effectiveness has been confirmed by many studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate long-term survival and the functional results of our experience with MV surgery for DCM. Methods: From January 1990 to October 2002, MV surgery for DCM was performed in 91 patients (64 ischemic, 27 idiopathic). DCM was defined as in our previous reports. Patients with organic MV disease, severe right ventricle dilatation with impaired function, or severe renal or hepatic failure were excluded from the study. MV annuloplasty was performed in 64 patients, and 27 patients underwent a MV replacement. Results: The 30-day mortality rate was 4.4% (4 patients). The probability of being alive at 5 years was 78.4% +/- 4.3% and was higher in patients who underwent MV repair (81.4% +/- 4.5%) than in patients who underwent replacement operation (66.7% +/- 9.1%), even if the P value was not statistically significant. After a mean follow-up period of 27 +/- 30 months, the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class decreased from 3.5 +/- 0.7 to 2.1 +/- 0.6 in the 69 survivors ( P <.001). The probability of being alive 5 years after surgery with an improvement of least 1 NYHA class was 65.9% +/- 5.0% and was higher in patients with MV repair (76.6% +/- 6.0%) than in patients who underwent valve replacement (51.9% +/- 9.6%), even if the P value was not statistically significant. Fifty patients were carefully followed with serial evaluations in our echocardiographic laboratory. Volumes did not change, nor did stroke volume or ejection fraction. Some degree of functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) was present in all but 8 of the patients who underwent repair. The analysis of these patients showed that all of the patients who had no residual MR had a mitral valve coaptation depth (MVCD) of 10 mm or less and had a better functional result. Conversely, the MVCD was shorter in patients who had no or mild (1/4) residual MR than in patients who had a residual MR >1/4. NYHA class was lower in patients with no or up to 1/4 residual MR, showing that the purpose of the procedure is the reduction or elimination of FMR, which is the determinant of the clinical result. Conclusions: Long-term results in our patients are satisfying. FMR can be crucial for achieving a higher effectiveness of a combined strategy to improve the global outcome of these patients.
QUERYAID: a query formulation model for and by reuse (2002)

In database or knowledge-base systems, query formulation languages are the means offered to users for accessing data or knowledge. Queries allow selection of data under particular, either simple or complex constraints, resulting from one or several structures. However, query formulation remains obstinately difficult for large classes of users. Indeed, with the exception of approaches facilitating syntax problems, there is a noticeable absence of models taking charge of the user through specification of their needs to formulation of their queries. In the case of object-oriented database systems, whose data models and concepts are more complex than those of relational databases, database users need assistance with several kinds of formulation problems. In this respect, we consider that the storage and reuse of former queries constitutes a promising avenue of investigation. We take a novel look at object-oriented queries, reifying the ones which users formulate as components then reusing them, by means of strategies for selecting, assembling and adapting them to help in the formulation of new complex queries.
Comparative Study of Concentration of Isoflavones and Lignans in Plasma and Prostatic Tissues of Normal Control and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (2002)

Isoflavones, but not lignans, have some influence the benign prostatic growth, and the prostatic concentration of genistein possibly has the closest association among them. More studies to further clarify the roles and mechanisms of isoflavone action on BPH including pharmacokinetic studies are recommended.
A 100 ns anti-coincidence circuit for multi-channel counting systems (1995)

A simple, four-channel anti-coincidence circuit has been designed, using sequential logic, to deal with the problem of crosstalk that can arise when multi-element detectors are used in photon counting applications. This circuit uses TTL gates and can handle count rates up to approximately 1 MHz, but can easily be adapted to deal with higher signal rates, or greater numbers of input channels. The performance of the circuit was demonstrated with a multi-element avalanche photodiode detector.
Optical imaging with a single-molecule light source (2000)

Summary form only given. With the advent of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) ultrahigh-resolution optical microscopy has attracted renewed interest. Although after more than a decade the conventional mode of SNOM that uses a subwavelength aperture has bottomed out at a resolution of roughly 50 nm, an unlimited resolution could be expected in optical near-field microscopy. One of the conceptually simplest configurations for reaching a nearly molecular resolution is replacing a physical aperture by a single molecule as a point-like source. We present our experimental as well as theoretical results on imaging an object using the fluorescence of a single molecule.
A note on land‐tilt (1937)

This brief note is presented as a progress‐report on the project of measuring seismographically the very slow land‐tilting that has been known to affect the lower lakes region. Previous papers have reviewed the work of Gilbert, Sherman, Moore, and Gutenberg on this subject, and have discussed also the inherent tilt‐sensitivities of certain types of horizontal seismometers and their precision in the measurement of very slow and almost infinitesimal tilting.
Role of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in Glutamate-Stimulated Apoptosis of Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells (2007)

The ERK pathway is involved in signal transduction in the retina after excessive stimulation by glutamate, which may contribute to the antiapoptotic role in retinal ganglion cell death induced by glutamate.
The 19th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation Scientific Retreat (2013)

Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) convened its 19th Annual Scientific Retreat October 25-27, 2012, in Carlsbad, CA. Each year, this event brings together diverse researchers in a collaborative forum to present and discuss new and largely unpublished findings for prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment and defines the challenges to ending this disease as a threat to life and well-being. Several themes resonated at the multidisciplinary meeting, notably (i) the roles of field cancerization, tumor microenvironment, epithelial plasticity, signal transduction pathways in cancer progression, and disease resistance; (ii) intratumoral heterogeneity and consequences for precision medicine; (iii) resistance mechanisms to androgen axis inhibitors; and (iv) advances in molecular imaging and therapeutics for better detection and treatment.
A 135GHz SiGe transmitter with a dielectric rod antenna-in-package for high EIRP/channel arrays (2014)

In this paper, a 135 GHz antenna-in-package (AiP) transmitter with high equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) is presented. The radiating element is realized by a dielectric rod antenna fed by a planar Yagi-like electric dipole. A SiGe transmitter composed of an active balun, 8× frequency multiplier and a power amplifier is mounted on the AiP. The operating frequency of the system is 125-140 GHz. The measured EIRP at 135 GHz is 15.6 dBm and the DC power consumption is 366 mW.
Driving and protection of high side NMOS power switches (1992)

In order to meet the driving requirements of monolithic NMOS high side switches in applications that have to work over wide supply voltage ranges (5 to 40 V), it was necessary to develop a charge pump that could generate the overdrive voltage for this supply range. A further limitation was that the operating voltage of the internal devices could not be exceeded. The author describes the design of a full wave voltage tripler charge pump, for driving high side NMOS switches, that can operate with supply voltage variations from 5 to 50 V. The power switch must also be protected from external as well as internal voltages. The protection circuits, which are necessary to ensure that the working voltage of the control devices and power switch are not exceeded, particularly when working into inductive loads and against supply line transients, are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the influence of scale in a distributed system (1988)

Scale should be recognized as a primary factor influencing the architecture and implementation of distributed systems. This paper uses Andrew, a distributed environment at Carnegie Mellon University, to validate this proposition. The design of Andrew is dominated by considerations of performance, operability and security. Caching of information and placing trust in as few machines as possible emerge as two general principles that enhance scalability. The separation of concerns made possible by specialized mechanisms is also valuable. Heterogeneity is a natural consequence of growth and anticipating it in the initial stages of system design is important. A location transparent shared file system considerably enhances the usability of a distributed environment.
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC WOUND MEASUREMENT WITH A THREE-CAMERA VISION SYSTEM (2000)

A three-camera vision system is developed for the measurement of the shape and volume of wounds, especially pressure sores. This system is able to assist physicians in monitoring the healing process of these wounds. The vision system consists of three progressive scan video cameras that are mounted on a triangular frame with a light source with optional texture projection in the centre. The cameras are not designed for high accuracy measurement purposes. This makes the calibration of the system decisive for the accuracy of the Digital Surface Model (DSM). Eight image triplets of a testfield are acquired for system calibration. A least squares bundle adjustment determines the camera calibration parameters as well as the exterior orientation parameters of the cameras in the frame. A commercial software package, designed for aerial photogrammetry, automatically generates a DSM. A DSM is computed for each of the three image pairs. Differences between the three models are calculated to get insight in the obtained precision of the DSM. To increase the quality of the DSM, the three models are combined to form one final DSM. The resulting DSM is used to calculate the wound features of interest. The applicability of the technique in practice is tested on artificial and real wounds. The comparison between different models showed that a precision of better than 0.7 mm in height could be achieved in the DSM generation using texture projection. Future work has to concentrate on the integration of the components in one user-friendly real-time measurement system for wounds, and on further improvement of the accuracy of the system.