gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Oxidation of Alcohols over TiO<sub>2</sub> Covered with Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (2011)

A selectivity enhancement in alcohol photooxidation using TiO2 covered with Nb2O5 is demonstrated. A series of TiO2 covered with Nb2O5 catalysts (Nb2O5/TiO2, loading of Nb2O5; 0–5 mol %) were prepared and characterized. XPS studies suggest that the TiO2 surface was completely covered with Nb2O5 at a 3.5 mol % loading. UV–vis spectra of TiO2 and the Nb2O5/TiO2 series revealed that the band gap energy of the catalyst was not changed upon addition of Nb2O5. The amounts of photogenerated oxygen anion radical species (O2– and O3–) over the catalyst, as estimated by ESR, drastically decreased with increased loadings of Nb2O5. The O3– anion, in particular, which can be formed on anatase TiO2, completely disappeared at Nb2O5 loadings over 4 mol %. In the oxidations of several alcohols (1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, and cyclohexanol), the Nb2O5/TiO2 catalysts exhibited higher selectivities than TiO2 with comparable conversion levels. Furthermore, the Nb2O5/TiO2 system gave a higher photocatalytic activity compared with Nb2O5 without lowering the selectivity.
Carotid chemoreceptors, systemic blood pressure, and chronic episodic hypoxia mimicking sleep apnea (1992)

We have described a rat model that responds to repetitive episodic hypoxia (12-s infusions of nitrogen into daytime sleeping chambers every 30 s, 7 h/day for 35 days) with an increase in diurnal systemic blood pressure. We hypothesized that afferent information from the peripheral chemoreceptors may be necessary to produce diurnal blood pressure elevation in this hypoxia model. Carotid body denervation (CBD) was accomplished by severing both carotid sinus nerves in two groups of male Wistar rats (250-375 g). Group 4 CBD rats were subjected to intermittent hypoxia for 35 days (3-5% nadir ambient O2) as described above, whereas group 5 CBD rats remained unhandled in their usual cages. Additional sham-operated controls included group 2 sham-"hypoxia" rats, which were housed in chambers identical to the hypoxia rats but supplied with compressed air instead of nitrogen, group 1 (not denervated) rats, which remained unhandled in their usual cages, and group 3 sham-operated rats, which were subjected to 35 days of intermittent hypoxia identical to group 4 CBD rats. Femoral arterial baseline and end-of-study blood pressures were measured in conscious rats. The group 3 rats exposed to episodic hypoxia displayed a 13-mmHg increase in mean blood pressure, whereas the other groups showed no significant change from baseline. Left ventricular hypertrophy was evident in all rats exposed to episodic hypoxia, but right ventricular hypertrophy was evident only in the group 4 rats. All CBD rats developed increased hematocrit and hemoglobin, while the group 3 rats (non-CBD, episodic hypoxia) did not. The baroreceptor reflex at baseline was not depressed in the CBD rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lowering the Breakdown Voltage of Silicon <i>p-n</i> Junctions by Stress (1964)

A reversible reduction of breakdown voltage is observed when mechanical stress is applied to silicon p-n junctions. This effect can best be investigated in junctions exhibiting uniform avalanche breakdown. When uniaxial stress is applied the normalized reduction of breakdown voltage ΔV/VB is proportional to stress, the proportionality constant being of the order of 10−12 dyn−1 cm2. When stress is applied by means of a flat stylus, ΔV/VB is proportional to the load, when a spherical stylus is used, ΔV/VB is proportional to the cube root of load. It can be shown that the relative current change for a given force is to a first approximation independent of diode area and breakdown voltage VB. It is proposed that the effect is caused by reduction of the energy gap.
Predictive Sampling with Forecasting Autoregressive Models (2020)

Autoregressive models (ARMs) currently hold state-of-the-art performance in likelihood-based modeling of image and audio data. Generally, neural network based ARMs are designed to allow fast inference, but sampling from these models is impractically slow. In this paper, we introduce the predictive sampling algorithm: a procedure that exploits the fast inference property of ARMs in order to speed up sampling, while keeping the model intact. We propose two variations of predictive sampling, namely sampling with ARM fixed-point iteration and learned forecasting modules. Their effectiveness is demonstrated in two settings: i) explicit likelihood modeling on binary MNIST, SVHN and CIFAR10, and ii) discrete latent modeling in an autoencoder trained on SVHN, CIFAR10 and Imagenet32. Empirically, we show considerable improvements over baselines in number of ARM inference calls and sampling speed.
STUDIES IN SULPHANILAMIDES. PART XIII. REACTION WITH DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS. SOME NEW N1- AND N4-ACYL AND HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES (1947)

Fourteen N<sup>1</sup>-acyl, two N<sup>4</sup>-aryl and five N<sup>1</sup>-heterocyclic derivatives of sulphanilamide are described.
Multiple vertebral segmentation defects: Analysis of 26 new patients and review of the literature (1996)

To further delineate and classify those forms of short trunk dwarfism characterized by multiple vertebral segmentation defects, we analyzed 26 new patients and reviewed 115 described in the literature. Three distinct entities were recognized based on radiographic and clinical findings. Jarcho-Levin syndrome is the lethal autosomal recessive form, characterized by a symmetric crab-like chest. Spondylocostal dysostosis is the benign autosomal dominant condition. Spondylothoracic dysostosis shows considerable clinical and radiographic overlap with spondylocostal dysostosis. Malformations observed in association with multiple vertebral segmentation defects are more common in the sporadic patients. Analysis of the 26 new individuals revealed that the body segment in which these nonvertebral malformations occur corresponds to the site of the vertebral segmentation defects.
Developmental milestones in type I spinal muscular atrophy (2016)

The aim of this retrospective multicentric study was to assess developmental milestones longitudinally in type I SMA infants using the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination. Thirty-three type I SMA infants, who classically do not achieve the ability to sit unsupported, were included in the study. Our results confirmed that all patients had a score of 0 out of a scale of 4 on items assessing sitting, rolling, crawling, standing or walking. A score of more than 0 was only achieved in three items: head control (n = 13), kicking (n = 15) and hand grasp (n = 18). In these items, the maximal score achieved was 1 out of a scale of 4, indicating only partial achievement of the milestone. Infants with symptom onset after 6 months of age had longer preservation of a score of 1 when compared to those with onset before 6 months of age. Our results suggest that even when current standards of care are applied, developmental milestones are rarely even partially achieved as part of natural history in type I SMA infants. No infants in this study achieved a major milestone such as rolling over, or sitting independently, which would therefore represent robust outcomes in future interventional trials.
Plasma studies on the Leybold–Heraeus INA3 secondary neutral mass spectrometry system (1988)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation A. Wucher; Plasma studies on the Leybold–Heraeus INA3 secondary neutral mass spectrometry system. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 July 1988; 6 (4): 2293–2298. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.575026 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The role of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D in the mechanism of acquired vitamin D deficiency (1992)

The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on the catabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D can contribute to the development of vitamin D deficiency in many clinical disorders. When the natural supply of vitamin D is limited by sunlight deprivation, a sustained increase in the plasma concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D due to primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism will lead to accelerated depletion of vitamin D stores.
Development of Evaluation System for Aviation Mission Suitability Depending on Pilot's Alertness and Physiological Stability Level (2015)

Fighter pilot's ability to maintain both mental and physical capabilities in highly stressful situations is important for aviation safety as well as mission performance because pilot may confront frequently unexpected physical and psychological stimulation. Cumulative psychological stress and physical fatigue can be causes of mood distortion, declined alertness, and can lead to reduction of combat capability. We have investigated bio-signals and performance tests to monitor stress and fatigue levels, and developed a system to evaluate aviation mission suitability before flight. This study elucidated that stress and fatigue level of pilot can be monitored by psychomotor cognitive test(PCT) and heart rate variability(HRV), and that the best of reference for aviation mission suitability was confidential interval obtained from cumulative data of individuals. The system to evaluate aviation mission suitability was constructed with measuring part with PCT and HRV and control part with DB and algorithm.
The Application of Tolerance Rings in Anti-Theft Steering Column Assemblies (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The use of tolerance rings as a torque limiting device between a shaft and a locking sleeve in steering column assemblies will be reviewed. In the light of rapidly escalating auto thefts, changes in European statutory requirements, and the ever present need for cost reductions, tolerance rings have demonstrated major benefits to users around the world. First principles of the design of tolerance rings will be presented along with their features such as the relationship between torque, assembly force, radial load capacity and spring compression.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Different actual and possible steering column configurations will be shown together with relevant test results and other data. The latest developments in tolerance rings and recent improvements in terms of better torque performance, reduced space requirements and cost will also be presented. Planned changes in EC legislation will be reviewed and compared with other regulations.</div>
P4-MACsec: Dynamic Topology Monitoring and Data Layer Protection With MACsec in P4-Based SDN (2020)

We propose P4-MACsec to protect network links between P4-based SDN switches through automated deployment of MACsec, a widespread IEEE standard for securing Layer 2 infrastructures. MACsec is supported by switches and routers from many manufacturers. On these devices, it has only little performance limitations compared to VPN technologies such as IPsec. P4-MACsec suggests a data plane implementation of MACsec including AES-GCM encryption and decryption directly on P4 targets. P4-MACsec features a two-tier control plane structure where local controllers running on the P4 targets interact with a central controller. We propose a novel secure link discovery mechanism that leverages protected LLDP frames and a two-tier control plane structure for secure and efficient management of a global link map. Automated deployment of MACsec creates secure channels, generates keying material, and configures the P4 targets for each detected link between two P4 targets. It detects link changes and performs rekeying to provide a secure, configuration-free operation of MACsec. In this paper, we review the technological background of P4-MACsec and explain its architecture. To demonstrate the feasibility of P4-MACsec, we implement it on the BMv2 P4 software target, validate the prototype through experiments, and evaluate its performance through experiments considering TCP goodput and round-trip time. We publish the prototype and experiment setup under the Apache v2 license on GitHub [7].
Droplet-Free Digital Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on a Tyramide Signal Amplification System (2016)

Digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a single molecule counting technology and is one of the most sensitive immunoassay methods. The key aspect of this technology is to concentrate enzyme reaction products from a single target molecule in femtoliter droplets. This study presents a novel Digital ELISA that does not require droplets; instead, enzyme reaction products are concentrated using a tyramide signal amplification system. In our method, tyramide substrate reacts with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled with an immunocomplex on beads, and the substrate is converted into short-lived radical intermediates. By adjusting the bead concentration in the HRP-tyramide reaction and conducting the reaction using freely moving beads, tyramide radicals are deposited only on beads labeled with HRP and there is no diffusion to other beads. Consequently, the fluorescence signal is localized on a portion of the beads, making it possible to count the number of labeled beads digitally. The performance of our method was demonstrated by detecting hepatitis B surface antigen with a limit of detection of 0.09 mIU/mL (139 aM) and a dynamic range of over 4 orders of magnitude. The obtained limit of detection represents a >20-fold higher sensitivity than conventional ELISA. Our method has potential applications in simple in vitro diagnostic systems for detecting ultralow concentrations of protein biomarkers.
Synthesis of the 11C-labelled b-adrenargic receptor ligands atenolol, metoprolol and propranol. (1989)

Synthesis of the 11C-labelled b-adrenargic receptor ligands atenolol, metoprolol and propranol.
The design, enactment, and experience of inquiry‐based instruction in undergraduate science education: A case study (2008)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to understand one case of undergraduate inquiry‐based instruction through the words and actions of students and instructors. The data sources included fieldnotes from 16 of 29 classes, two sets of student and instructor interviews (beginning and end of the semester), and a collection of artifacts, such as the laboratory manual, lecture handouts, and the course syllabus. The participants for this study included four faculty instructors and two purposively selected student groups, totaling eight students. We found the instructors' two course goals, (a) teaching students how scientists do science and (b) using an interdisciplinary approach to develop students' content knowledge of the big ideas in science, were consistent with our observations and the students' descriptions of their experience in the course. However, we observed, and the students also noted, an important feature of the course that the instructors did not describe as a course goal was its reliance on the social nature of learning. This telling case demonstrates that inquiry‐based instruction is achievable in undergraduate science education. Implications are discussed for college science instructors interested in inquiry teaching. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 92: 591–607, 2008
Packet Error Rates of Terminated and Tailbiting Convolutional Codes (2005)

When a convolutional code is used to provide forward error correction for packet data transmission, the standard performance measures of convolutional codes, i.e., bit error rate and first-event error rate, become less useful. Instead we are interested in the average probability of block (or packet) error. In this chapter a modified transfer function approach is used to obtain a union bound on the block error rate of terminated and tailbiting convolutional codes. The performance of these block codes obtained from termination and tailbiting is compared to the performance of some standard block codes for various information block lengths and also compared to the sphere packing lower bound for optimal block codes. The conclusion is that block codes derived from convolutional codes form a competitive class of short block length block codes.
Low CSF Concentration of a Dopamine Metabolite in Tobacco Smokers (1999)

Smokers' low CSF concentrations of HVA may be associated either with chronic inhalation of nicotine or other constituents of tobacco smoke or with acute abstinence. Any possible basal dopaminergic abnormalities in patients with PTSD are small relative to the abnormalities associated with smoking.
Syntheses of 5-, 7-, and 8-methoxy-3-methyl-2-tetralones (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of 5-, 7-, and 8-methoxy-3-methyl-2-tetralonesAnette M. Johansson, Charlotta Mellin, and Uli HacksellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 26, 5252–5258Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00376a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00376a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1249Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phosphorylation of CD20 in cells from a hairy cell leukemia cell line. Evidence for involvement of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. (1993)

Hairy cell leukemia is an uncommon B cell lymphoproliferative disease of unknown etiology. We previously observed that CD20, a membrane protein involved in B cell activation, is hyperphosphorylated on hairy cells and that these cells have unusually high levels of intracellular free Ca2+. Therefore, we used a hairy cell line, HCLL-7876, to study the potential involvement of Ca(2+)-activated protein kinases in CD20 phosphorylation. Addition of the Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin, increased CD20 phosphorylation both in activated B cells and in cells from the hairy cell line; addition of EGTA to either cell type decreased basal levels of CD20 phosphorylation. Ionomycin treatment of these cells resulted in increased kinase activity of cytosolic extracts toward syntide-2, a synthetic peptide substrate for calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaM-KII), with kinetics similar to those of CD20 phosphorylation in the cell line. CD20 isolated from the cell line was a substrate for purified CaM-KII in vitro. Phosphopeptide maps of CD20 from untreated hairy cells or ionomycin-treated HCLL-7876 cells were similar to maps of CD20 that had been phosphorylated in vitro by CaM-KII. These results suggest that the unusually high levels of intracytoplasmic Ca2+ in hairy cells may enhance the phosphorylation of key surface proteins.
An Efficient Stereoselective Preparation of Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol) from Phytol (1990)

Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) (5) has been prepared efficiently from phytol (7). The key step is the treatment of (2S,3R,7R, 11R)-1-chloro-2,3-epoxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecane, derived from phytol by sequential Sharpless epoxidation and chlorination, with butyllithium to give (3R,7R,11R)- 3,7, 11,15-tetramethyl-1-hexadecyn-3-ol (6).
An Optimal Algorithm for Scheduling Requests on Interleaved Memories for a Pipelined Processor (1981)

In this paper an optimal algorithm for scheduling requests on interleaved memories is presented. With this algorithm the average completion time for servicing a finite set of randomly generated requests is proved to be minimum. Performance of this algorithm for nonrandom requests has not been proved. However, it is compared with alternate algorithms using simulations. A pipelined processor is used as an example for the generation of nonrandom requests to the memories. Nonetheless, the source could have been a vector processor or a multiprocessor system. Two alternative organizations are investigated, one with a common set of fixed size buffers to store conflicting requests and one with individual fixed size buffers for each module. These two organizations are shown to be equivalent as far as the average utilization and waiting cycles are concerned. An intelligent scheduler determines the order of initiation of the memory modules. An alternative design with separate instruction and data modules is investigated. It is found that separation gains very little in performance because of the unequal rates of access to the instruction and the data modules. The basic assumptions for the analysis are that the dependency effects are ignored and the request rate is very high so that any empty buffers can be filled immediately. The degradation in memory utilization due to dependency effects is studied in a separate paper in this issue.
Chirale Aziridine — Herstellung und stereoselektive Transformationen (1994)

Abstract Die Herstellung enantiomerenreiner Verbindungen nimmt innerhalb der Organischen Chemie einen weiten Raum ein. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf der Nutzung natürlich vorkommender Ausgangsmaterialien und auf der Entwicklung von Methoden zur enantioselektiven Umsetzung achiraler Substrate. Chirale Aziridine sind in diesem Zusammenhang eine attraktive Verbindungsklasse, da sie über eine Vielzahl von Verfahren enantiomerenrein oder in hohen Enantiomerenüberschüssen verfügbar sind und zudem auf verschiedenste Weise in der asymmetrischen Synthese genutzt werden können. Die Chemie der Aziridine wird durch ringöffnende Reaktionen bestimmt, deren Triebkraft in der Aufhebung von Ringspannung liegt. Durch geeignete Wahl der Substituenten an Stickstoff‐ und Kohlenstoffatomen gelingt es, in ringöffnenden Reaktionen mit unterschiedlichsten Nucleophilen einschließlich metallorganischen Verbindungen exzellente Stereo‐ und Regiokontrolle zu erzielen. Dadurch werden chirale Aziridine zu wertvollen Substraten für die Synthese wichtiger biologisch aktiver Vebindungen, z.B. Alkaloiden, Aminosäuren und β‐Lactam‐Antibiotika, Diastereoselektive Synthesen unter Substratkontrolle sind möglich, wenn Aziridine als abspaltbare chirale Auxiliare eingesetzt werden. Nach Metallierung am Ringkohlenstoffatom können Aziridine auch als chirale Reagentien in der asymmetrischen Synthese benutzt werden. Da chirale Bisaziridine auch als Liganden für Übergangsmetalle wirken können, rükken Anwendungen in dem herausfordernden Gebiet der enantioselektiven Katalyse ins Blickfeld. Der Ausschluß dreigliedriger Carbo‐und Heterocyclen aus dem Werkzeugkasten des organischen Chemikers erscheint heutzutage unvorstellbar [1] .