gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting the reliability of electronic equipment (1994)

The use of reliability predictions in the design and operation of electronic equipment has been an evolutionary and very controversial process, and over the past decade, reliability prediction methods have been a focal point for a flurry of books, papers, editorials, opinions, special sessions, and workshops. While it is generally believed that reliability assessment methods should be used to aid in product design and development, the integrity and auditability of the reliability prediction methods have been found to be questionable; in that, the models do not predict field failures, cannot be used for comparative purposes, and present misleading trends and relations. This paper discusses the role of reliability prediction and assessment in design, development, and deployment of electronic equipment; overviews the history of reliability predictions for electronics; discusses the advantages and disadvantages of some current methods; and presents some of the key research questions which need to be addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vena caval filters for the prevention of pulmonary embolism (2010)

No recommendations can be drawn from the two studies. One study showed a reduction in PE rates but not mortality, but was subject to significant biases. The PREPIC study lacked statistical power to detect a reduction in PE over shorter and more clinically significant time periods. However, the trial demonstrated that permanent VCFs were associated with an increased risk of long term lower limb DVT.There is a paucity of VCFs outcome evidence when used within currently approved indications and a lack of trials on retrievable filters. Further trials are needed to assess vena caval filter safety and effectiveness.
The pebble component-based operating system (1999)

Pebble is a new operating system designed with the goals of flexibility, safety, and performance. Its architecture combines a set of features heretofore not found in a single system, including (a) a minimal privileged mode nucleus, responsible for switching between protection domains, (b) implementation of all system services by replaceable user-level components with minimal privileges (including the scheduler and all device drivers) that run in separate protection domains enforced by hardware memory protection, and (c) generation of code specialized for each possible cross-domain transfer. The combination of these techniques results in a system with extremely inexpensive cross-domain calls that makes it well-suited for both efficiently specializing the operating system on a per-application basis and supporting modern component-based applications. 1 Introduction A new operating system project should address a real problem that is not currently being addressed; constructing yet anothe...
The Importance of Fatigue Loading When Assessing Liner/Shell Distraction Resistance and Congruency for Modular Acetabular Components (1997)

Modular acetabular components are now widely used in total hip arthroplasty (THA). A primary performance requirement for these two-piece acetabular cup designs is to maintain in vivo locking integrity between the polyethylene liner and the metal acetabular shell. Standards have been proposed that include the measurement of static push-out and lever-out forces to evaluate the mechanical integrity between the shell and liner. However, there are many variables that may affect in vivo performance. A modification of the proposed test standards is recommended to include moderate fatigue cycling, since fatigue has a demonstrated effect on distraction resistance and the potential for in vivo disassembly.
Content-based video retrieval by integrating spatio-temporal and stochastic recognition of events (2002)

As amounts of publicly available video data grow the need to query this data efficiently becomes significant. Consequently content-based retrieval of video data turns out to be a challenging and important problem. We address the specific aspect of inferring semantics automatically from raw video data. In particular, we introduce a new video data model that supports the integrated use of two different approaches for mapping low-level features to high-level concepts. Firstly, the model is extended with a rule-based approach that supports spatio-temporal formalization of high-level concepts, and then with a stochastic approach. Furthermore, results on real tennis video data are presented, demonstrating the validity of both approaches, as well us advantages of their integrated use.
Basic Principles of Immunotherapy for Neurologic Diseases (2003)

Immunosuppressive drugs and immunomodulating procedures can improve the quality of life in patients with immune-related neurologic diseases and can even be lifesaving if properly used to avoid deleterious or irreversible adverse effects. For the successful use of these drugs or procedures, the treating physician must be familiar and comfortable with the drugs' mode of action, the accuracy of the diagnosis, the goals and expectations of therapy, and the risk-benefit ratio of the therapy. Improvement must be based on a beneficial change in activities of daily living and not solely on a change in the laboratory test values.
Toward Accurate Velocity Models by 3D Tomographic Velocity Analysis (2002)

B-24 TOWARDS ACCURATE VELOCITY MODELS BY 3D TOMOGRAPHIC VELOCITY ANALYSIS Summary 3-D prestack depth migration has become a routine process for depth imaging. However the image quality depends strongly on the accuracy of the velocity model. For post-migration tomographic analysis bad data (picks) null space and intrinsic non-linearity may degrade the quality of the velocity model. In our tomography implementation we use several tools to address these problems. First we automatically pick a large number of depth residuals without requiring lateral continuity along horizons. In the solver we apply a left preconditioning operator resulting from the L norm to reduce
Mutations in <i>c‐kit</i> Gene Exons 9 and 13 in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors among Japanese (2001)

Gain-of-function mutation in c-kit proto-oncogene exon 11 has been described in about 20 -- 50% of gastrointestinal stroma tumor (GIST). Recently, additional mutational hot-spots in exon 9 and exon 13 of the c-kit gene have been reported in GISTs without mutations of exon 11, but a subsequent report in a Western population indicated that only a small portion of GISTs (eight of 200 GISTs, 4%) showed mutations in these regions. In this study, we evaluated mutations in exon 9 and exon 13 of the c-kit gene by both polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing in 48 GISTs in a Japanese population, for which the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features and mutations in exon 11 had previously been reported. C-kit gene mutation in exon 9, representing insertion of GCC TAT, was identified in only 4 of 48 GISTs (8%), and none of the GISTs had mutations in exon 13. All four GISTs with mutation in exon 9 were high-risk, and the patients died of multiple tumor metastasis. Mutations in exon 9 and exon 13 of the c-kit gene were also rare events in Japanese GISTs and were related to a poor prognosis. These results in Japanese are consistent with those in Western populations, although a preferential occurrence of GISTs with exon 9 mutation in the small intestine, which was suggested in a previous report, was not observed.
Enhancing effect of medium-chain triglycerides on intestinal absorption of d-.ALPHA.-tocopherol acetate from lecithin-dispersed preparations in the rat. (1989)

The effect of formulations of lecithin-dispersed preparation on the absorption of d-alpha-tocopherol acetate (VEA) from the small intestine was investigated in rats. When lecithin-dispersed preparations containing VEA or polysorbate 80 (PS-80)-solubilized solution of VEA were intraduodenally administered, VEA was hydrolyzed to d-alpha-tocopherol (VE) and was not detected in the plasma nor in the thoracic lymph. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of VE after the intraduodenal administration of a preparation consisting of VEA, soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCTG) (VEA/PC/MCTG, 5/16/1 by weight) was highest among the VEA preparations, and PS-80-solubilized solution gave the lowest Cmax. AUC of VE up to 24 h was also increased by the addition of MCTG to VEA/PC preparation. In the thoracic duct-fistula rat, the transport of VE into the thoracic lymph was increased by the administration of the VEA/PC/MCTG preparation significantly more than the VEA/PC preparation; the cumulative amounts of VE recovered in the thoracic lymph up to 24 h were 23.2 +/- 0.5% and 10.9 +/- 1.5% of dose, respectively. The plasma concentration of VE was not increased in the thoracic duct-fistula rat even after the intraduodenal administration of VEA preparations, suggesting that VE is not transported directly to the systemic circulation, but by way of the lymphatic route. The lymphatic transport of VE following the intraduodenal administration of VEA/PC/MCTG preparation was markedly diminished by the simultaneous administration of Pluronic L-81 emulsion, an inhibitor of chylomicron formation. It is suggested that the chylomicron is essential to the lymphatic transport of VE from VEA preparations.
Study of Structural Damage Detection with Multi-objective Function Genetic Algorithms (2011)

Genetic algorithms applied to structural damage detection have broad application prospects. Based on the traditional genetic algorithms, this paper conducts the improvement research of the objective function with the incorporation of multi-objective function optimization. On the basis of three typical structural damage scenarios, we took a comprehensive study using different multi-objective function of the genetic algorithm from the standpoint of both convergence speed and accuracy. Data analysis obtained the corresponding optimal portfolio of weight coefficient in three typical scenarios, further fitted a universal formula for the weight coefficient value choice (WCCF). And an example to demonstrate the reliability of the formula is provided, which is supposed to provide more reference for quadratic optimization based on preliminary analysis for practical application.
Comprehensive analysis of thiopurine S-methyltransferase phenotype–genotype correlation in a large population of German-Caucasians and identification of novel TPMT variants (2004)

The thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) genetic polymorphism has a significant clinical impact on the toxicity of thiopurine drugs. It has been proposed that the identification of patients who are at high risk for developing toxicity on the basis of genotyping could be used to individualize drug treatment. In the present study, phenotype-genotype correlation of 1214 healthy blood donors was investigated to determine the accuracy of genotyping for correct prediction of different TPMT phenotypes. In addition, the influence of gender, age, nicotine and caffeine intake was examined. TPMT red blood cell activity was measured in all samples and genotype was determined for the TPMT alleles *2 and *3. Discordant cases between phenotype and genotype were systematically sequenced. A clearly defined trimodal frequency distribution of TPMT activity was found with 0.6% deficient, 9.9% intermediate and 89.5% normal to high methylators. The frequencies of the mutant alleles were 4.4% (*3A), 0.4% (*3C) and 0.2% (*2). All seven TPMT deficient subjects were homozygous or compound heterozygous carriers for these alleles. In 17 individuals with intermediate TPMT activity discordant to TPMT genotype, four novel variants were identified leading to amino acid changes (K119T, Q42E, R163H, G71R). Taking these new variants into consideration, the overall concordance rate between TPMT genetics and phenotypes was 98.4%. Specificity, sensitivity and the positive and negative predictive power of the genotyping test were estimated to be higher than 90%. Thus, the results of this study provide a solid basis to predict TPMT phenotype in a Northern European Caucasian population by molecular diagnostics.
2,3-Disubstituted Benzofuran and Indole by Copper-Mediated C−C Bond Extension Reaction of 3-Zinciobenzoheterole (2006)

[reaction: see text] A metalative 5-endo-dig cyclization reaction of 2-ynylphenoles or anilines effected by BuLi and ZnCl(2) produces 3-zinciobenzoheteroles in excellent yield. These intermediates have been transmetalated to the corresponding cuprates and allowed to react with electrophiles to produce a variety of 2,3-disubstituted benzofurans and indoles.
Solution stability studies of the subunit components of meningococcal C oligosaccharide–CRM<sub>197</sub> conjugate vaccines (2001)

Spectroscopic methods were used to detect modifications in the structures of CRM197, the mutant diphtheria toxin, and meningococcal C capsular oligosaccharide following their conjugation and incubation at various temperatures. Meningococcal C oligosaccharide-CRM197 conjugate vaccines obtained from two different manufacturers were incubated at -20, 4, 23, 37 or 55 degrees C for 5 weeks or subjected to ten cycles of freeze-thawing. The CRM197 carrier protein and the saccharide components of the treated vaccines were monitored by CD and NMR spectroscopic techniques. CD data indicated incubation temperature-dependent conformational changes in the carrier protein from vaccine A. Modifications appeared in both secondary and tertiary structures of the conjugated CRM(197) when incubated at 23 degrees C or above. This was characteristic of the 'open' conformation previously observed for this protein component. The NMR spectra also indicated modification of the structure of the conjugated CRM197 component of vaccine A when incubated at 23 degrees C or above, but failed to show any modification in the conjugated oligosaccharide. On the other hand, the structure of the oligosaccharide chains in vaccine B appeared to be degraded following incubation at 55 degrees C, even though the thermal effect on the conjugated CRM197 was less apparent. Repeated freeze-thawing did not affect the CD or NMR spectra. In conclusion, the two meningococcal C oligosaccharide-CRM197 conjugate vaccines were stable when stored at their recommended temperatures, but were differently affected by elevated temperatures. The conjugates differ in their conjugation chemistry, attachment positions, oligosaccharide chain length and loading, as well as recommended pH and storage buffer, and their different stability properties can probably be attributed to a combination of these factors.
Depth profiling of ZnO thin films by cathodoluminescence (2001)

The depth-resolved luminescence of the ZnO epilayer has been studied by using cathodoluminescence (CL) at room temperature. Other than the usual excitonic and deep level emissions, two peaks at 3.13 and 2.57 eV have been observed and are attributed to the defects. The variation of all the emission peaks has been examined as a function of accelerating voltage. The decrease of near-band edge emissions with depth is due to the internal absorption caused by the pronounced band tail. The deep level emission, however, is shown to increase with increasing depth. We have modeled the CL spectra with the consideration of internal absorption and determine the profile of the Urbach parameter, EUrbach, to study the structural imperfection at different depths. A strong dependence between the intensity ratios of the defect emissions to the excitonic emission and the imperfection of material has been found.
Vaccination with Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Generates a Broad Spectrum of Immunological and Clinical Responses Against Colon Cancer (2009)

The history of immunizing with embryonic materials to generate an antitumor immune response dates back to a century ago. The premise is that cancer cells share the expression of oncofetal antigens with embryonic materials and that the immune response against these antigens in the embryonic tissues is cross-protective against cancer. However, such a practice has never advanced beyond experimental animal settings, because of lack of uniformed source tissues and ethical challenges. With the availability of well-characterized human pluripotent stem cells, it is now possible to ask whether tumor protective immunity could indeed be elicited with stem cells. Herein, we investigated whether vaccination with defined human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells was effective against a colon carcinoma. We discovered that vaccination of mice with hESC line H9 generated consistent cellular and humoral immune responses against CT26 colon carcinoma. Protection correlated strongly with the expansion of tumor-responsive and interferon-gamma-producing cells and the profound loss of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the spleen. No evidence of autoimmunity was observed. We also compared the immunogenicity against colon cancer between a hESC line CT2 and an iPS cell line TZ1 that were generated in the same stem cell facility. We found that the iPS cell line was inferior to the hESC line in conferring tumor protection, suggesting that there is heterogeneity of expression of oncofetal antigens by hESCs and iPS cells. We conclude that the hESC-based vaccine is a promising modality for immunotherapy of cancer.
Periostin and osteopontin are overexpressed in chronically inflamed sinuses (2011)

Periostin and osteopontin appear to be involved in ECM remodeling seen in CRS. TGFβ1 may be an upstream inducer of CRS-related changes in ethmoid sinus mucosa.
Local Macrophage Proliferation, Rather than Recruitment from the Blood, Is a Signature of T <sub>H</sub> 2 Inflammation (2011)

A defining feature of inflammation is the accumulation of innate immune cells in the tissue that are thought to be recruited from the blood. We reveal that a distinct process exists in which tissue macrophages undergo rapid in situ proliferation in order to increase population density. This inflammatory mechanism occurred during T helper 2 (T(H)2)-related pathologies under the control of the archetypal T(H)2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) and was a fundamental component of T(H)2 inflammation because exogenous IL-4 was sufficient to drive accumulation of tissue macrophages through self-renewal. Thus, expansion of innate cells necessary for pathogen control or wound repair can occur without recruitment of potentially tissue-destructive inflammatory cells.
Effect of modest weight loss on changes in cardiovascular risk factors: are there differences between men and women or between weight loss and maintenance? (1995)

The aim of this work was to determine whether the effects of weight loss on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors are comparable in men and women and whether the long term impact of modest weight loss is as great as the initial response. Changes in CHD risk factors were examined at 6 month intervals in 159 moderately overweight subjects who were participating in an 18 month behavioral weight loss program. Men experienced greater decreases in blood pressure, triglycerides, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and greater increases in HDL-cholesterol with weight loss than women. Most of these gender differences were removed by adjusting for baseline values and changes in BMI. After these adjustments, improvements in WHR at 18 months were shown to be greater in women than in men. Participants (n = 39) who lost 4.5 kg or more from baseline to 6 months (mean weight loss of 11.8 kg or 13% of initial body weight) and maintained this weight loss within +/- 2.3 kg had significant long term improvements (through 18 months) in triglycerides, HDL and LDL-cholesterol, WHR, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and fasting and 2 h insulin. Changes in HDL-cholesterol, the HDL:Total cholesterol ratio, and WHR actually increased between 6 and 18 months and improvements in all other parameters were maintained over time. Men have greater improvements in CHD risk factors with weight loss than women, but this gender difference appears to derive from differences in CHD risk factors at baseline and differences in weight loss.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis of Oleic Acid Esters Catalyzed by Immobilized Lipase (1996)

Lipase-catalyzed syntheses of oleic acid esters with various primary alcohols have been performed in a batch stirred tank reactor in an almost nonaqueous medium without organic solvents. For all syntheses 50 °C was found to be the optimal temperature. Initial reaction rates were influenced by the alcohol chain length. The study of the pressure stability of the immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (lipozyme IM) showed that the lipase preparation is quite stable; it does not lose its activity when it is exposed to carbon dioxide at 300 bar for 24 h. Esterification rates at high pressure were determined, and it was found that they were higher than at atmospheric pressure. The highest rate and maximal conversion were near the critical point of carbon dioxide. Keywords: Esterification; batch reactor; lipase; Mucor miehei; oleic acid esters; high pressure; carbon dioxide; enzyme stability
Recanalization Rates after Endovascular Coil Embolization in a Cohort of Matched Ruptured and Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms (2011)

The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess the recanalization rate, factors associated with and time taken for recanalization to occur in a matched ruptured and unruptured aneurysm population that were treated with endovascular coiling.Ruptured and unruptured aneurysms treated between 2002 and 2007 were matched for aneurysm location, diameter and neck size. Recanalization rate, time to recanalize, re-treatment rate and clinical outcome were analysed. Ninety-eight matched ruptured and unruptured aneurysms (49 aneurysms in each group) were studied. 46.8% of aneurysms in the ruptured group achieved complete obliteration on the initial post treatment angiogram versus 34.7% in the unruptured group. The ruptured group had a higher rate of recanalization (40.4% versus 20.4%). 25.5% of aneurysms had significant recanalization in the ruptured group versus 6.1% in the unruptured group (p=0.009). The retreatment rate was higher in the ruptured group (21.3% versus 6%). Ruptured aneurysms took a shorter time to recanalize with a mean time of 5.3±3.8 months versus 12.4±7.7months (p=0.003). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found neck size (p=0.0098), wide neck morphology (p=0.0174), aneurysm diameter (p< 0.0001) and ruptured aneurysms (p=0.0372) were significant predictors of recanalization. The majority of patients in both groups had a good outcome with GOS=5 (85.7% and 83.7%) but two deaths occurred in the ruptured group.Ruptured and unruptured aneurysms showed significant differences in rate, degree and timing of recanalization, thus requiring different protocols for imaging follow-up post endovascular treatment. Earlier and more frequent imaging follow-up is recommended for ruptured aneurysms.
Review of thin films in telecommunications applications (2001)

Optical thin film coatings have been successfully deployed in the fiberoptic telecommunications infrastructure. In this paper we review relevant telecommunications applications, the performance attainable with thin film solutions, and briefly describe several competing technologies.