gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alphanumeric character recognition using a connectionist model with the pocket algorithm (1989)

Summary form only given. New results are presented which were obtained by applying a connectionist model with the pocket algorithm proposed by Gallant to problems in alphanumeric character recognition. An evaluation is made of the recognition (classification) capability of the connectionist model for 62 and 93 alphanumeric characters of a single font having different kinds of typeface quality and 76 alphanumeric characters of multiple fonts having the same typeface quality. A useful technique is proposed to distinguish between characters that closely resemble each other by using the structure information of characters. An activation criterion of output cells for character recognition is also proposed. In the recognition of characters having different typeface qualities, a markedly high degree of accuracy (99.96% maximum, 99.74% on average) of the individual fonts was attained. In the recognition of the 76 alphanumeric characters having multiple fonts, the degree of accuracy achieved was 99.64% maximum.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Germline mutations in the oncogene EZH2 cause Weaver syndrome and increased human height (2011)

The biological processes controlling human growth are diverse, complex and poorly understood. Genetic factors are important and human height has been shown to be a highly polygenic trait to which common and rare genetic variation contributes. Weaver syndrome is a human overgrowth condition characterised by tall stature, dysmorphic facial features, learning disability and variable additional features. We performed exome sequencing in four individuals with Weaver syndrome, identifying a mutation in the histone methyltransferase, EZH2, in each case. Sequencing of EZH2 in additional individuals with overgrowth identified a further 15 mutations. The EZH2 mutation spectrum in Weaver syndrome shows considerable overlap with the inactivating somatic EZH2 mutations recently reported in myeloid malignancies. Our data establish EZH2 mutations as the cause of Weaver syndrome and provide further links between histone modifications and regulation of human growth.
Wet oxidation catalyzed by ruthenium supported on cerium(IV) oxides (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWet oxidation catalyzed by ruthenium supported on cerium(IV) oxidesSeiichiro Imamura, Ikumi Fukuda, and Shingo IshidaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 4, 718–721Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00076a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00076a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views633Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
VEGF/Neuropilin Signaling in Cancer Stem Cells (2019)

The function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer extends beyond angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Specifically, VEGF-mediated signaling occurs in tumor cells and this signaling contributes to key aspects of tumorigenesis including the self-renewal and survival of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition to VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases, the neuropilins (NRPs) are critical for mediating the effects of VEGF on CSCs, primarily because of their ability to impact the function of growth factor receptors and integrins. VEGF/NRP signaling can regulate the expression and function of key molecules that have been implicated in CSC function including Rho family guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) and transcription factors. The VEGF/NRP signaling axis is a prime target for therapy because it can confer resistance to standard chemotherapy, which is ineffective against most CSCs. Indeed, several studies have shown that targeting either NRP1 or NRP2 can inhibit tumor initiation and decrease resistance to other therapies.
Mikrofiltration von Fermenterbrühen (1985)

Abstract Microfiltration of fermentation broths . Crossflow microfiltration is a modern process for the work‐up of fermentation broths. In the case of intracellular components, the cells can be enriched by this technique prior to disintegration of the cells. Extracellular products can be separated from the cells by the microfiltration membrane, and also from solids originating from the nutrient. The approach adopted in isolation of dissolved products by crossflow microfiltration is illustrated for alkaline protease, particular attention being directed to the dependence of the flow of permeate and the retention of the membrane material, the mean pore size of the membrane, the operating conditions, the physical data of the fermentation broth, and the addition of solids, which are discussed and quantified.
Visualization of fringes in holographic apparatus for fiber Bragg grating fabrication using a phase mask (2002)

A simple apparatus that can be used to monitor the real-time phase, spatial frequency and contrast of the interference pattern in a fiber-grating production environment is described. The apparatus permits rapid production of custom-wavelength fiber Bragg gratings.
Method for reconstructing a high dynamic range image based on a single-shot filtered low dynamic range image (2020)

Traditional cameras are limited by sensors and cannot directly capture single-shot high dynamic range (HDR) images. We propose an improved single-shot HDR image reconstruction method that uses a single-exposure filtered low dynamic range (FLDR) image. First, by adding an optical filter in front of the camera lens, a FLDR image with different RGB channel exposure states and luminance ranges can be captured in a single-shot, unlike the traditional LDR image. Second, a deep inverse tone mapping network (DITMnet) with multibranch features extraction and multioutput images synthesis is designed to reconstruct an HDR image from a single FLDR image. Experimentally, under different exposure states and color spaces, our method outperforms similar algorithms.
Predictors and risk factors of pre-eclampsia. (2008)

Understanding the mechanisms of disease responsible for the syndrome of pre-eclampsia (PE) as well as early risk assessment is still a major challenge. Risk factors for PE are nulliparity, a family or own history of PE, pre-existing diabetes or increased body mass index, multiple pregnancy, maternal age, renal disease, hypertension or raised blood pressure at booking and chronic autoimmune disease. Other factors are thrombophilias and insulin resistance together with obesity. On the other hand identification of predictors of the development of pre-eclampsia would enhance the ability to diagnose women likely to develop pre-eclampsia before the onset of the disease and would improve their monitoring and enable to convey them to randomized trials for evaluating prophylactic treatment. A number of biochemical agents have been assessed as markers for predicting pre-eclampsia. None of them has been proved to be of clinical value yet. Much effort has been put into evaluating novel potential markers and their combination with other screening methods such as Doppler sonography. The most promising biochemical markers, to date, are placenta protein 13 (PP-13) as well as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sEng). These markers allow screening at a relatively early stage and, most importantly, show relatively high predictive values and improved diagnostic performance if combined with first trimester Doppler sonography. However, until now, too little data are available to justify the clinical use of these markers. Large-scale prospective studies, assessing these markers, are important to advance progress in reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and relieving the heavy burden of pre-eclampsia.
Ultrathin CVD barrier/seed for 0.1 /spl mu/m dual damascene Cu interconnects (2001)

Cu films grown using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were investigated as a function of barrier material. In particular, the minimum thickness (t/sub crit/) at which the copper film became continuous in a high aspect ratio feature was determined to depend strongly on the underlying barrier material and properties. When the CVD Cu film was deposited directly on the barrier material, the t/sub crit/ was >200 /spl Aring/, whereas with the addition of a more conductive nucleation layer a t/sub crit/ as low as 100 /spl Aring/ was achieved. The correlation of t/sub crit/ to microstructural and mechanical properties was also investigated.
The purification and some properties of the Mg2+-activated cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1996)

A purification procedure has been developed for the cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that yields homogeneous enzyme. The enzyme seems to be a tetramer of identical 58 kDa subunits. The enzyme reaction is strongly stimulated by Mg2+ at low NADP+ concentrations but there is no absolute requirement for bivalent cations. The kinetics of the reaction have been studied in the presence and absence of MgCl2. NADP+ binding studies of the quenching of protein fluorescence in the presence and absence of MgCl2 show that the effect of Mg2+ is to increase the affinity of the enzyme for NADP+ by approx. 100-fold. NADP+ binding causes a slow conformational change in the enzyme and converts the enzyme from the inactive or low-activity form in which it is isolated into the fully active form. This conformational change seems to explain the marked lag-phases seen in enzyme assays. The enzyme is strongly inhibited by disulfiram and pyridoxal 5-phosphate.
Braking Dopamine Systems: A New GABA Master Structure for Mesolimbic and Nigrostriatal Functions (2012)

A new mesopontine structure exerting a strong influence on dopamine systems has recently been defined: the tail of the ventral tegmental area/rostromedial tegmental nucleus (tVTA/RMTg). This review presents a neuroanatomical, physiological, and behavioral overview of some of the recent and ongoing research on this brain region and its relationship with dopamine systems. The tVTA/RMTg sends dense GABA projections to VTA and substantia nigra neurons. The inhibitory influence of tVTA/RMTg on dopamine neurons is supported by both neuroanatomical and electrophysiology data. The latter studies also reveal the tVTA/RMTg as a substrate for morphine and cannabinoid action on dopamine cells. In primates, the tVTA/RMTg has been implicated in reward prediction error signals, through a basal ganglia-lateral habenula-tVTA/RMTg-dopamine-basal ganglia circuit. In rodents, the tVTA/RMTg has been shown to play a critical role in aversive behaviors, particularly those involving behavioral inhibition, such as freezing and avoidance. These findings highlight the functional importance of the tVTA/RMTg as a major GABA brake for dopamine systems.
Specific interactions of linoleic acid hydroperoxides and their secondary degraded products with enzyme proteins (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpecific interactions of linoleic acid hydroperoxides and their secondary degraded products with enzyme proteinsSetsuro. MatsushitaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1975, 23, 2, 150–154Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60198a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60198a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The cyborgification of paralympic sport (2017)

Depuis le début du siècle, le mouvement paralympique a acquis un profil grand public. Nous allons faire valoir, qu’il résulte directement de l’attention médiatique portée aux nouvelles technologies de la prothétique qui ont contribué à créer une légion de corps cyborg qui se manifeste à l’image du supermarché sportif contemporain. Cet article souligne le développement d’une idéologie technocentrique qui a été adoptée dans le mouvement paralympique. En adoptant cette idéologie, le Comité international paralympique (IPC) a commencé à célébrer la cyborgification des organes paralympiques. En fin de compte, cet article se demande si les progrès de la technologie habilitent actuellement tous les athlètes handicapés ou simplement ceux qui ont le potentiel d’être cyborgs.
28 GHz Wireless Backhaul Transceiver Characterization and Radio Link Budget (2018)

Millimeter wave communication is one of the main disruptive technologies in upcoming 5G mobile networks. One of the first candidate applications, which will be commercially ready by 2020, is wireless backhaul links or wireless last mile communication. This paper provides an analysis of this use-case from radio engineering and implementation perspectives. Furthermore, preliminary experimental results are shown for a proof-of-concept wireless backhaul solution developed within the EU-KR 5GCHAMPION project, which will be showcased during the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Korea. In this paper, we verify system level calculations and a theoretical link budget analysis with conductive and radiated overthe-air measurements. The results indicate that the implemented radio solution is able to achieve the target key performance indicator, namely, a 2.5 Gbps data rate on average, over a range of up to 200 m.
Polymer‐based therapeutics: nanoassemblies and nanoparticles for management of atherosclerosis (2011)

Coronary arterial disease, one of the leading causes of adult mortality, is triggered by atherosclerosis. A disease with complex etiology, atherosclerosis results from the progressive long-term combination of atherogenesis, the accumulation of modified lipoproteins within blood vessel walls, along with vascular and systemic inflammatory processes. The management of atherosclerosis is challenged by the localized flare-up of several multipronged signaling interactions between activated monocytes, atherogenic macrophages and inflamed or dysfunctional endothelial cells. A new generation of approaches is now emerging founded on multifocal, targeted therapies that seek to reverse or ameliorate the atheroinflammatory cascade within the vascular intima. This article reviews the various classes and primary examples of bioactive configurations of nanoscale assemblies. Of specific interest are polymer-based or polymer-lipid micellar assemblies designed as multimodal receptor-targeted blockers or drug carriers whose activity can be tuned by variations in polymer hydrophobicity, charge, and architecture. Also reviewed are emerging reports on multifunctional nanoassemblies and nanoparticles for improved circulation and enhanced targeting to atheroinflammatory lesions and atherosclerotic plaques.
Improvements in the manufacture of CdTe gamma ray detectors (1977)

Significant improvements have been made in the quality of chlorine-doped CdTe crystals manufactured by the traveling heater method (THM). In addition, a marked reduction in the variation among ingots and within each ingot has been observed. These results were achieved by modifying the temperature control equipment for the crystal growth process.
In Vitro Interactions between Antifungals and Immunosuppressants against <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (2004)

The optimal treatment for invasive aspergillosis remains elusive, despite the increased efficacy of newer agents. The immunosuppressants cyclosporine (CY), tacrolimus (FK506), and sirolimus (formerly called rapamycin) exhibit in vitro and in vivo activity against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including fungicidal synergy with azole antifungals. We report here that both FK506 and CY exhibit a clear in vitro positive interaction with caspofungin against Aspergillus fumigatus by disk diffusion, microdilution checkerboard, and gross and microscopic morphological analyses. Microscopic morphological analyses indicate that the calcineurin inhibitors delay filamentation, and in combination with caspofungin there is a positive interaction. Our findings suggest a potential role for combination therapy with calcineurin pathway inhibitors and existing antifungal agents to augment activity against A. fumigatus.
Facile Preparation of Nanostructured, Superhydrophobic Filter Paper for Efficient Water/Oil Separation (2016)

In this paper, we present a facile and cost-effective method to obtain superhydrophobic filter paper and demonstrate its application for efficient water/oil separation. By coupling structurally distinct organosilane precursors (e.g., octadecyltrichlorosilane and methyltrichlorosilane) to paper fibers under controlled reaction conditions, we have formulated a simple, inexpensive, and efficient protocol to achieve a desirable superhydrophobic and superoleophilic surface on conventional filter paper. The silanized superhydrophobic filter paper showed nanostructured morphology and demonstrated great separation efficiency (up to 99.4%) for water/oil mixtures. The modified filter paper is stable in both aqueous solutions and organic solvents, and can be reused multiple times. The present study shows that our newly developed binary silanization is a promising method of modifying cellulose-based materials for practical applications, in particular the treatment of industrial waste water and ecosystem recovery.
Anosmia and loss of smell in the era of covid-19 (2020)

### What you need to know

A 46 year old ophthalmologist presents with a two week history of loss of sense of smell and taste. He believes he may have been exposed to covid-19 but, at the time, did not meet the criteria for testing. 

With the discovery of covid-19 and as the clinical syndromes associated with this virus have been defined, many areas of practice require updating. This article is a guide to assessment and management of patients with loss of smell based on review of the current literature and guidelines from the British Rhinology Society and ENT UK, the professional membership body representing ear, nose, and throat surgery in the UK.1

Olfactory dysfunction is common: estimates of point prevalence in the general population before the covid-19 pandemic suggest that 19.1% of adults (80% in people over 75) suffer from complete or partial loss of smell.2

Causes can be broadly subdivided into conductive (physical barriers to odorants reaching the olfactory system) and sensorineural (failure of the olfactory system to detect odorants). Causes are outlined in table 1, with the more common causes in the top half of the table and less common causes in the bottom half. A comprehensive history is invaluable, especially if consultations are performed remotely.

View this table:

Table 1 
Causes of loss of smell



Points to …
Addition of sodium bisulfite to uracil and to cytosine (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition of sodium bisulfite to uracil and to cytosineHikoya Hayatsu, Yusuke Wataya, and Kazushige KaiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 3, 724–726Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00706a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00706a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views681Altmetric-Citations160LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface distribution and recycling of the low density lipoprotein receptor as visualized with antireceptor antibodies. (1982)

For more than 45 years biologists have known that cells internalize extracellular fluid and its contents by fluid-phase endocytosis, an inefficient process for the uptake of molecules that are present at low concentrations . More recently, animal cells have been found to express surface receptors that bind, and thereby concentrate, certain molecules so that they can be taken up in large amounts even when they are present at low concentrations outside the cell . Ligands that are internalized in this way include plasma transport proteins, hormones, and other macromolecules that fulfill nutritional and regulatory roles in cells . In many cases this process, called receptormediated endocytOsis, takes place in specialized regions of the plasma membrane called coated pits (reviewed in references 1 and 2) .
Proposed cross grating single-mode DFB laser (1992)

A new two-dimensional laser using a cross grating has been proposed. The calculations of the threshold gain and coupling constant show a relation between these parameters similar to the one-dimensional case, and also a uniform mode giving rise to radiation normal to the surface is shown to exist for a two-dimensional cross grating. These results suggest single-mode surface emission lasers with very little beam divergence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>