gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Menstrual and Reproductive Factors, Exogenous Hormone Use, and Gastric Cancer Risk in a Cohort of Women From the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (2010)

The worldwide incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) is lower in women than in men. Furthermore, cancer patients treated with estrogens have been reported to have a lower subsequent risk of GC. The authors conducted a prospective analysis of menstrual and reproductive factors, exogenous hormone use, and GC in 335,216 women from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition, a cohort study of individuals aged 35-70 years from 10 European countries. After a mean follow-up of 8.7 years (through 2004), 181 women for whom complete exposure data were available developed GC. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Women who had ovariectomy had a 79% increased risk of GC (based on 25 cases) compared with women who did not (hazard ratio = 1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.15, 2.78). Total cumulative years of menstrual cycling was inversely associated with GC risk (fifth vs. first quintile: hazard ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.31, 0.98; P(trend) = 0.06). No other reproductive factors analyzed were associated with risk of GC. The results of this analysis provide some support for the hypothesis that endogenous ovarian sex hormones lower GC incidence in women.
Chemical Strategies for Generating Protein Biochips (2008)

Protein biochips are at the heart of many medical and bioanalytical applications. Increasing interest has been focused on surface activation and subsequent functionalization strategies for immobilizing these biomolecules. Different approaches using covalent and noncovalent chemistry are reviewed; particular emphasis is placed on the chemical specificity of protein attachment and on retention of protein function. Strategies for creating protein patterns (as opposed to protein arrays) are also outlined. An outlook on promising and challenging future directions for protein biochip research and applications is also offered.
Distribution and Kinetics of Lipoprotein-Bound Endotoxin (2001)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major glycolipid component of gram-negative bacterial outer membranes, is a potent endotoxin responsible for pathophysiological symptoms characteristic of infection. The observation that the majority of LPS is found in association with plasma lipoproteins has prompted the suggestion that sequestering of LPS by lipid particles may form an integral part of a humoral detoxification mechanism. Previous studies on the biological properties of isolated lipoproteins used differential ultracentrifugation to separate the major subclasses. To preserve the integrity of the lipoproteins, we have analyzed the LPS distribution, specificity, binding capacity, and kinetics of binding to lipoproteins in human whole blood or plasma by using high-performance gel permeation chromatography and fluorescent LPS of three different chemotypes. The average distribution of O111:B4, J5, or Re595 LPS in whole blood from 10 human volunteers was 60% (+/-8%) high-density lipoprotein (HDL), 25% (+/-7%) low-density lipoprotein, and 12% (+/-5%) very low density lipoprotein. The saturation capacity of lipoproteins for all three LPS chemotypes was in excess of 200 microg/ml. Kinetic analysis however, revealed a strict chemotype dependence. The binding of Re595 or J5 LPS was essentially complete within 10 min, and subsequent redistribution among the lipoprotein subclasses occurred to attain similar distributions as O111:B4 LPS at 40 min. We conclude that under simulated physiological conditions, the binding of LPS to lipoproteins is highly specific, HDL has the highest binding capacity for LPS, the saturation capacity of lipoproteins for endotoxin far exceeds the LPS concentrations measured in clinical situations, and the kinetics of LPS association with lipoproteins display chemotype-dependent differences.
In situ voltammetric measurements in natural waters: Future prospects and challenges (1993)

Abstract The state of the art and challenges in developing in situ voltammetric probes for direct measurements in natural waters are presented. Articles dealing with this topic are reviewed. Use of voltammetric probes in the laboratory and in the field is outlined. An up‐to‐date account of the results reported in the literature on the development of existing in situ voltammetric systems for such measurements is given. Emphasis is placed on the need for such systems to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of processes occurring in natural aquatic systems. Suggestions are made for future development.
Wounding activates p38 map kinase and activation transcription factor 3 in leading keratinocytes (2005)

Quiescent epidermis anchors to laminin 5 in the basement membrane via integrin alpha6beta4. Wounding elevates expression of laminin 5, generating leading keratinocytes (LKs) that migrate via beta1 integrins. Laminin 5 was evaluated as a regulator of cell signaling, and mRNA and protein expression in LKs. An in vitro wound model was developed based on suspension and re-adhesion of quiescent human keratinocytes (HKs). DNA microarrays identified multiple mRNAs elevated 1.5 hours after suspension and re-adhesion including activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3). In vitro and in vivo, levels of ATF3 protein elevate in nuclei of LKs, but not in nuclei of the following cells, 2 hours after suspension or wounding but decline by 12-18 hours post injury. Significantly, null defects in laminin 5 or integrin beta4 that inhibit anchorage chronically elevate ATF3 in vivo. This suggests that adhesion to laminin 5, but not other ligands, suppresses activation. On suspension, ATF3 and other transcripts in the microarrays are elevated by phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P-p38), a stress kinase that regulates mRNA and cell motility. Inhibition of P-p38 with SB203580 prevents phosphorylation of ATF2, a transcription factor for ATF3 in LKs. Re-adhesion to laminin 5 via alpha6beta4 dephosphorylates P-p38 and suppresses ATF3 protein relative to cells in suspension. Thus, wounding of quiescent HKs disrupts laminin 5 adhesion to activate p38, generating mRNA transcripts that define LKs. Adhesion to deposits of laminin 5 via alpha6beta4 suppresses P-p38 and activation mRNAs including ATF3. Defects in laminin 5 and alpha6beta4 sustain P-p38 with probable pathological effects on transcription and migration.
Strontium and magnesium contents of some natural peralkaline silicic glasses and their petrogenetic significance (1969)

Comendite-pantellerite series, depletion of Sr and Mg, increase in Ca relative to Sr, evidence for extreme fractional crystallization
FDTD analysis of printed square spiral antennas for wireless communications (2002)

The progress in personal communication services calls for the development of various types of compact antenna units mounted on handheld/mobile devices. The printed spiral antenna is a good candidate for such applications since it has nearly constant input impedance over broad frequency ranges and radiates circularly polarized waves within the desired operating bandwidth. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis for the radiation pattern and input impedance of a printed 2-arm square spiral antenna is presented in an attempt to demonstrate the feasibility of using the FDTD technique for the design and performance evaluation of this class of antennas.
Loco Intoxication: Indolizidine Alkaloids of Spotted Locoweed ( <i>Astragalus lentiginosus</i> ) (1982)

The indolizidine alkaloids swainsonine and swainsonine N -oxide have been isolated and identified as constituents of spotted locoweed. The inhibition of lysosomal α-mannosidase by these alkaloids suggests that they are the causative agents of locoism in range animals.
Direct vertical electroelution of protein from a PhastSystem band for mass spectrometric identification at the level of a few picomoles (2001)

An electroelution apparatus prototype of a new design was constructed. In that design, the electric field passes vertically through the protein band located on a horizontal (PhastSystem) minigel polymerized on a net of Gel-Fix (Serva). A simple, home-made apparatus allows for electroelution of protein bands at the level of a few picomoles and their identification, after concentration, by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The technique is applicable to one-dimensional (1-D) or two-dimensional (2-D) gels of any size, but has been exemplified only by application to 1-D minigels to demonstrate the lower limits of protein load of the method. When in the course of further development of the prototype it will be combined with a modification to two dimensions of the electroelution mechanism under computer control of the high-performance gel electrophoresis apparatus (formerly of LabIntelligence), the new design appears uniquely qualified for an automated spot elution from 2-D gels under avoidance of gel sectioning.
r Carotene Hydroxylase Gene from the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (1998)

The ORF sll1468 of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was identified as a gene for beta-carotene hydroxylase by functional complementation in a beta-carotene-producing Escherichia coli. The gene product of ORF sll1468 added hydroxyl groups to the beta-ionone rings of beta-carotene (beta, beta-carotene) to form zeaxanthin (beta, beta-carotene-3,3'-diol). This newly identified beta-carotene hydroxylase does not show overall amino acid sequence similarity to the known beta-carotene hydroxylases. However, it showed significant sequence similarity to beta-carotene ketolases of marine bacteria and a green alga.
ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF T-SHAPED SLEEVE JOINTS BETWEEN STEEL BEAM AND CONCRETE-FILLED STEEL TUBULAR COLOMN (2004)

コンクリート充填鋼管柱の接合方法として, 径の大きな鋼管内に小径の鋼管を所定長さ差し込み, その間隙をコンクリートで充填し一体化する柱梁接合構造がある. 小径鋼管の外面及び大径鋼管の内側に施したずれ止め, 小径の鋼管に溶接したプレート, ソケット鋼管径, ソケット鋼管厚, ソケット鋼管長さ等をパラメータとしたT形模型試験体を用いた実験により接合部の耐荷機構, 終局強度について検討した. その結果, 上記パラメータは, 接合部の終局強度に大きく影響することなどがわかった. また, これらの実験結果から釣り合い条件を検討し, 接合部の終局強度を比較的精度よく算出する方法を見出した.
The Russian Federation (2002)

In its 1000 year history, the year 2001 was the best year yet for legal reform in Russia. In this article we briefly summarize significant developments in Russian laws covering land reform, joint stock companies, taxes and labor. In addition, Part III of the Civil Code has become effective creating more certainty with respect to inheritances.
The combination of valproic acid, all-trans retinoic acid and low-dose cytarabine as disease-stabilizing treatment in acute myeloid leukemia (2013)

Treatment with continuous valproic acid and intermittent ATRA plus low-dose cytarabine has a low frequency of side effects and complete hematological remission is seen for a small minority of patients. However, disease stabilization is seen for a subset of AML patients unfit for conventional intensive chemotherapy.
Multifunctional Lipid Multilayer Stamping (2012)

Nanostructured lipid multilayers on surfaces are a promising biofunctional nanomaterial. For example, surface-supported lipid multilayer diffraction gratings with optical properties that depend on the microscale spacing of the grating lines and the nanometer thickness of the lipid multilayers have been fabricated previously by dip-pen nanolithography (DPN), with immediate applications as label-free biosensors. The innate biocompatibility of such gratings makes them promising as biological sensor elements, model cellular systems, and construction materials for nanotechnology. Here a method is described that combines the lateral patterning capabilities and scalability of microcontact printing with the topographical control of nanoimprint lithography and the multimaterial integration aspects of dip-pen nanolithography in order to create nanostructured lipid multilayer arrays. This approach is denoted multilayer stamping. The distinguishing characteristic of this method is that it allows control of the lipid multilayer thickness, which is a crucial nanoscale dimension that determines the optical properties of lipid multilayer nanostructures. The ability to integrate multiple lipid materials on the same surface is also demonstrated by multi-ink spotting onto a polydimethoxysilane stamp, as well as higher-throughput patterning (on the order of 2 cm(2) s(-1) for grating fabrication) and the ability to pattern lipid materials that could not previously be patterned with high resolution by lipid DPN, for example, the gel-phase phospholipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) or the steroid cholesterol.
Chemistry of superconductor materials : preparation, chemistry, characterization and theory (1992)

This thorough review of the chemistry of high Tc superconductors provides extensive coverage of the structural and synthetic solid-state chemistry of oxide superconductors as well as substantial reference material on characterization methods. Written by 27 authorities in the field, the book fulfills a need for a condensed, single-source reference. It will be indispensable for researchers and for those unfamiliar with structural and synthetic solid-state chemistry of superconductors.
71.3: Study on Reducing the Cardboard Effect for Natural Perception Using Adaptive Disparity Mapping (2012)

Abstract We propose the adaptive disparity mapping method for reducing the cardboard effect. The method is divided into two parts. At first, the perceptual model is defined for modifying spatial layout. Secondly, the differences of adjacent disparities in the objects are interpolated. We conducted a subjective test to evaluate the proposed method applied to the 3D image taken by a smartphone equipped with a twin‐lens camera. The results of our experiments show that the proposed method makes 3D images more roundness and gives a sense of depth.
Swords and Cimeters in the Book of Mormon (1999)

Roper examines the use of the terms sword and cimeter in a Mesoamerican setting as well as in the Book of Mormon text. The macuahuitl was a fearsome weapon consisting of a long, flat piece of hardwood with grooves along the side into which sharp fragments of flint or obsidian were set and glued. Our knowledge of this weapon comes more from written accounts than actual artifacts because few specimens have survived. The Book of Mormon sword of Laban was used as a model for making swords, but they were not necessarily made of the same material. The discussion in Alma 24:12 having to do with stained swords would make particular sense with wooden swords. Cimeters, or scimitars, differ from swords in having curved blades. Several kinds of swords and cimeters that were in use in ancient Mesoamerica are plausible candidates for Book of Mormon weapons.
Phosphorus-31 magic angle spinning NMR of crystalline phosphorus sulfides: correlation of phosphorus-31 chemical shielding tensors with local environments (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorus-31 magic angle spinning NMR of crystalline phosphorus sulfides: correlation of phosphorus-31 chemical shielding tensors with local environmentsHellmut Eckert, Cheryl S. Liang, and Galen D. StuckyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 1, 452–457Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/j100338a086RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (685 KB) Get e-Alerts
Noncollinear Spin Arrangement in Ultrafine Ferrimagnetic Crystallites (1971)

M\"ossbauer-effect measurements on extremely small (\ensuremath{\sim}60 \AA{}) crystallites of $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ show that the spin configuration differs from the N\'eel type found in large crystallites. It is proposed that the ions in the surface layer are inclined at various angles to the direction of the net moment.
Tailoring of Poly(ether ether ketone) Surface Properties via Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2009)

The interfacial properties of commercial poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) have been tailored by tethering polymeric brushes to the PEEK surface via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The immobilization of an ATRP initiator on the PEEK surface was achieved by an unprecedented simple two-step wet chemical method. The keto groups at the PEEK surface were first wet chemically reduced to hydroxyl groups, and then 2-bromoisobutyryl groups were covalently anchored at the PEEK surface as ATRP initiator. SI-ATRP was performed at these functionalized PEEK surfaces with the three different monomers: potassium 3-(methacryloyloxy)propane-1-sulfonate (MPS), monomethoxy-terminated oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate (MeOEGMA), and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm). Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ascertained the successful grafting of these polymer brushes at the PEEK surface. These brush-modified PEEK surfaces exhibited fully the physiochemical properties of the respective polymer brush: the surface with polyMPS brush showed selective staining by electrostatic interaction, while the polyMeOEGMA-modified surface was biorepellent. The surface modified with polyNIPAAm brush demonstrated a thermally responsive polarity change.
Human miR-1271 is a miR-96 paralog with distinct non-conserved brain expression pattern (2010)

Recent deep-sequencing efforts have identified many novel non-conserved small RNAs that are expressed at low levels in certain mammalian cells. Whether these small RNAs are important for mammalian physiology is debatable, therefore we explored the function of one such RNA, human miR-1271. This small RNA is similar in sequence to miR-96, a highly conserved microRNA that when mutated causes hearing loss in humans and mice. Although the miR-1271 and miR-96 sequences differ slightly, our in vitro assays indicate that they have an identical regulatory activity. We have identified brain-expressed mRNAs from genes including, GPHN, RGS2, HOMER1 and KCC2, which share the same miR-96 and miR-1271 regulatory elements. Interestingly, human miR-1271 is expressed abundantly in brain tissue, where miR-96 is not highly expressed. The rodent miR-1271 precursor contains several sequence differences in the precursor stem, which appear to reduce the efficiency of microRNA processing. Our data indicate that although miR-1271 and miR-96 function identically in vitro, they function to some extent uniquely in vivo. Given the expression patterns and nature of the target genes, miR-1271 may have a significant, although non-conserved, role in regulating aspects of neural development or function in humans.
Natural Languages Translation Using an Intermediate Language (2006)

English is the official language of only seven countries comprising little more than five percent of the world's population. Yet the majority of online cont ent is in English. While many business people speak English as a second language, most prefer to communicate in their native tongue. Using machine translation one could easily translate the content in one language to the other largely in real time. This paper describes the role of an Inte rmediate language in machine translation of natural languages, how modular the work can be accomplished in translating a one language to other.
Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of the Maltopentaose-forming Amylase Gene from<i>Pseudomonas</i>sp. KO-8940 (1992)

The gene coding for the maltopentaose-(G5)-forming amylase of Pseudomonas sp. KO-8940 was cloned into Escherichia coli and its nucleotides were sequenced. It was expected that a long open reading frame composed of 1,842-bp that encoded 614 amino acid residues for secretory precursor polypeptide including the typical signal sequence with an NH2-terminal was the gene. An extract of Escherichia coli carrying the cloned G5-forming amylase gene had amylolytic activity with which produced only G5 from starch, the same as that of the donor strain enzyme. In the deduced primary structure of this enzyme, the four conserved regions of many alpha-amylases were found, and the COOH-terminal portion of this enzyme showed high homology with other raw starch digesting amylases.
DeepDGA: Adversarially-Tuned Domain Generation and Detection (2016)

Many malware families utilize domain generation algorithms (DGAs) to establish command and control (C&C) connections. While there are many methods to pseudorandomly generate domains, we focus in this paper on detecting (and generating) domains on a per-domain basis which provides a simple and flexible means to detect known DGA families. Recent machine learning approaches to DGA detection have been successful on fairly simplistic DGAs, many of which produce names of fixed length. However, models trained on limited datasets are somewhat blind to new DGA variants. In this paper, we leverage the concept of generative adversarial networks to construct a deep learning based DGA that is designed to intentionally bypass a deep learning based detector. In a series of adversarial rounds, the generator learns to generate domain names that are increasingly more difficult to detect. In turn, a detector model updates its parameters to compensate for the adversarially generated domains. We test the hypothesis of whether adversarially generated domains may be used to augment training sets in order to harden other machine learning models against yet-to-be-observed DGAs. We detail solutions to several challenges in training this character-based generative adversarial network (GAN). In particular, our deep learning architecture begins as a domain name auto-encoder (encoder + decoder) trained on domains in the Alexa one million. Then the encoder and decoder are reassembled competitively in a generative adversarial network (detector + generator), with novel neural architectures and training strategies to improve convergence.
Enantioselective Optical Trapping of Chiral Nanoparticles with Plasmonic Tweezers (2016)

Enantiomer separation is a critical step in many chemical syntheses, particularly for pharmaceuticals, but prevailing chemical methods remain inefficient. Here, we introduce an optical technique to sort chiral specimens using coaxial plasmonic apertures. These apertures are composed of a deeply subwavelength silica channel embedded in silver and can stably trap sub-20 nm dielectric nanoparticles. Using both full-field simulations and analytic calculations, we show that selective trapping of enantiomers can be achieved with circularly polarized illumination. Opposite enantiomers experience distinct trapping forces in both sign and magnitude: one is trapped in a deep potential well, while the other is repelled with a potential barrier. These potentials maintain opposite signs across a range of chiral polarizabilities and enantiomer–aperture separations. Our theory indicates that the interaction of chiral light and chiral specimens can be mediated by achiral plasmonic apertures, providing a possible route toward all-optical enantiopure syntheses.