gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel selective poly - and epitaxial - Silicon growth (SPEG) technique for ULSI processing (1987)

We have succeeded in the development of a novel and simple SPEG technique by using Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> as a silicon source gas under a low-pressure (∼8000 Pa) and a low-temperature (∼ 830°C) with no special treatments such as UV-light irradiation or plasma enhancement. SPEG of a 0.2µm-thin film is accomplished with smooth polysilicon surface and good coverage even in the substrate with sharp step of SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> . The defect density of the epitaxial layer is ∼1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . Using this new technique, we fabricated successfully the novel bipolar and MOS transistors with contacts over SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> . Even in the low-temperature growth (830°C), 98% bipolar transistors had high BV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEO</inf> values above 18 V. These results indicate that the epitaxial layer of SPEG have good quality and the polysilicon layer of SPEG is useful for electrode. Our novel SPEG technique produces high-performance ULSIs without any special processes.
The Electroencephalogram After Alcohol Administration in High-Risk Men and the Development of Alcohol Use Disorders 10 Years Later (1996)

Lower EEG response to a small dose of alcohol may be associated with the later development of alcohol dependence. This result is based on a small number of subjects and should be interpreted with caution. Although this result is opposite to our 1980 hypothesis, it is consistent with much of the recent literature.
怨좊젮?쒕? 二쇱떖??遺덉쟾??媛援ы삎?앹뿉 愿???곌뎄 (2016)

The purpose of this study is to find framework schema of early Jusimpo-style Buddhist halls (Geungnakjeon Hall of Bongjeongsa Temple, Muryangsujeon Hall of Buseoksa Temple, and Daeungjeon Hall of Sudeoksa Temple ). Though the halls are known as built in t
Mobile stations localization in a WLAN (2002)

This paper proposes a localization protocol of mobile stations in a WLAN (wireless local area network). The originality of this protocol is made of two parts (i) we use an object-relational database and (ii) we use a semaphore channel devoted to localize mobile stations in access point coverage areas and in virtual coverage areas via near-to-near relays. The database manages the knowledge of the mobile stations related to the access points (roaming) and an historical record of the last moves of the mobile stations. This protocol was written in Java, we also used the JDBC (Java DataBase Connectivity) classes to interoperate with the database.
Marek's disease virus EcoRI-Q gene (meq) and a small RNA antisense to ICP4 are abundantly expressed in CD4+ cells and cells carrying a novel lymphoid marker, AV37, in Marek's disease lymphomas. (1997)

Mature lymphomas produced in Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens infected with the RB1B strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) were examined for the presence of viral DNA and RNA and expression of viral antigens. In situ hybridization showed that all tumours examined contained viral DNA in areas of lymphoid infiltration. In 3/5 tumours, there was a correlation between the number and distribution of cells expressing the Marek's disease EcoRI-Q gene (meq) and those that carried the lymphoid cell marker AV37. Expression of the MDV-specific phosphoprotein pp38 was infrequent in lymphomas but abundant in a splenic tumour which also expressed the viral glycoprotein gB. Northern blot analysis of lymphocyte fractions purified by immunoaffinity showed that CD4+ and AV37+ fractions from lymphomas expressed meq and the small RNA antisense to ICP4 (SAR). The results are consistent with the notion that transformed cells are CD4+ cells, carrying the AV37 marker and expressing meq and SAR.
Biochemical Properties of Human D-Amino Acid Oxidase (2017)

D-amino acid oxidase catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-amino acids. In the brain, the NMDA receptor coagonist D-serine has been proposed as its physiological substrate. In order to shed light on the mechanisms regulating D-serine concentration at the cellular level, we biochemically characterized human DAAO (hDAAO) in greater depth. In addition to clarify the physical-chemical properties of the enzyme, we demonstrated that divalent ions and nucleotides do not affect flavoenzyme function. Moreover, the definition of hDAAO substrate specificity demonstrated that D-cysteine is the best substrate, which made it possible to propose it as a putative physiological substrate in selected tissues. Indeed, the flavoenzyme shows a preference for hydrophobic amino acids, some of which are molecules relevant in neurotransmission, i.e., D-kynurenine, D-DOPA, and D-tryptophan. hDAAO shows a very low affinity for the flavin cofactor. The apoprotein form exists in solution in equilibrium between two alternative conformations: the one at higher affinity for FAD is favored in the presence of an active site ligand. This may represent a mechanism to finely modulate hDAAO activity by substrate/inhibitor presence. Taken together, the peculiar properties of hDAAO seem to have evolved in order to use this flavoenzyme in different tissues to meet different physiological needs related to D-amino acids.
Valoración de la Recuperación Entre Esfuerzos y de la Capacidad de Realizar Cambios de Dirección en el Test de Aptitud Intermitente 30-15 (2016)

espanolEl objetivo del presente estudio fue proponer una valoracion de campo, novedosa y simple, de la recuperacion entre esfuerzos y de la capacidad de realizar cambios de direccion (COD) basada en el rendimiento durante el test de aptitud intermitente 30-15 (30-15IFT, un test de ida y vuelta intermitente e incremental) usando tres protocolos diferentes. Cuarenta jugadores de deportes de equipo- (22±2 anos) realizaron el test original 30-15IFT (grupo A; n=16) y dos versiones modificadas de este test; una sin periodo de descanso (i.e. carrera continua, 30-15IFT-CONT) y otra sin COD (30-15IFT-LINE), o (Grupo B; n=24) que realizo el test original 30-15IFT y una version modificada con mayor cantidad de COD (carrera de ida y vuelta de 28 m en lugar de 40 m, 30-15IFT-28m). En todos los tests se realizo la determinacion de la frecuencia cardiaca (HR), la respuesta del lactato sanguineo ([La]b), el indice de esfuerzo percibido (RPE) y la velocidad de carrera maxima. No se observaron diferencias estadisticas en la HR maxima (A: p=0,07 y B: p=0,94) ni en el RPE (A: p=0,10 y B: p=0,97) entre los tests. En comparacion con los tests 30-15IFT (12,3±2,5, p EnglishThe aim of the present study was to propose a new and simple field assessment of inter-effort recovery and change of direction (COD) ability based on performance during the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT, an intermittent, incremental shuttle-run test) using three different protocols. Forty team-sport players (22 ± 2 years) performed either (group A; n = 16) the original 30-15IFT and two modified versions, one without a rest period (i.e. continuous run, 30-15IFT-CONT) and one without COD (30-15IFT-LINE), or (group B; n = 24) the original 30-15IFT and a modified version with more COD (28-m shuttle instead of 40-m, 30- 15IFT-28m). Heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration ([La]b), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and maximal running speed were recorded for all tests. There was no statistical difference in either maximal HR (A: p = 0.07 and B: p = 0.94) or RPE (A: p = 0.10 and B: p = 0.97) between tests. Compared with the 30-15IFT (12.3 ± 2.5, p
Large thrombus entrapped in a patent foramen ovale of the atrial septum, which apparently “disappeared” without embolic events (2002)

Objective: To evaluate the impact of heart rate on the diagnostic accuracy of coronary angiography by multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT). Design: Prospective observational study. Patients: 78 patients who underwent both conventional and MSCT coronary angiography for suspicion of de novo coronary artery disease (n=53) or recurrent coronary artery disease after percutaneous intervention (n=25). Setting: Tertiary referral centre. Methods: Intravenously contrast enhanced MSCT coronary angiography was done during a single breath hold, and ECG synchronised images were reconstructed retrospectively. All coronary segments of > 2.0 mm without stents were evaluated by two investigators and compared with quantitative coronary angiography. Patients were classified according to the average heart rate (mean (SD)) into three equally sized groups: group 1, 55.8 (4.1) beats/min; group 2, 66.6 (2.8) beats/min; group 3, 81.7 (8.8) beats/min. Results: Image quality was sufficient for analysis in 78% of the coronary segments in patients in group 1, 73% in group 2, and 54% in group 3 (p < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity for detecting significant stenoses (> 50% lumen reduction) in these assessable segments were: 97% (95% confidence interval (CI) 84% to 100%) and 96% in group 1; 74% (52% to 89%) and 94% in group 2; and 67% (33% to 90%) and 94% in group 3 (p < 0.05). Accounting for all segments of > 2.0 mm, including lesions in non-assessable segments as false negatives, the sensitivity decreased to 82% (28/34 lesions, 95% CI 69% to 91%), 61% (14/23 lesions, 42% to 77%), and 32% (6/19 lesions, 15% to 50%), respectively (p < 0.01). Conclusions: MSCT allows reliable coronary angiography in patients with low heart rates.
Teratologic Evaluation of 2-Phenoxyethanol in New Zealand White Rabbits following Dermal Exposure (1987)

Teratologic Evaluation of 2-Phenoxyethanol in New Zealand White Rabbits following Dermal Exposure. Scortichini, B. H., QUAST, J. F., and RAO, K. S. (1987). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 8, 272–279. 2-Phenoxyethanol was applied to the clipped skin of pregnant rabbits on Days 6 through 18 of gestation in order to assess the fetotoxic and teratogenic potential by the dermal route. Rabbits were treated with 0, 300, 600, or 1000 mg/kg/day of 2-phenoxyethanol, and fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations. Dermal application of 1000 mg/kg/day produced maternal toxicity as evidenced by intravascular hemolysis of red blood cells and death in some animals. Maternal toxicity was observed in rabbits treated with 600 mg 2-phenoxyethanol/kg/day but at a lower incidence than that observed at 1000 mg/kg/day. Nine rabbits in the 1000 mg/kg/day dose group and five rabbits at 600 mg/kg/day died or were sacrificed in extremis. Rabbits in the two highest dose groups which survived until Day 28 of gestation showed no evidence of treatment-related effects. No signs of maternal toxicity were seen at 300 mg/kg/day. Examination of rabbit fetuses indicated that, at the dosages tested, 2-phenoxyethanol was not embryotoxic, fetotoxic, or teratogenic.
Holographic Fingerprint Sensor (1989)

The fingerprint sensor that we developed uses a hologram. Two requirements are important for actual use; laser safety and high-contrast images. The illumination method we developed uses total reflection and a new type of detection. For safety, total-reflection lighting ensures that laser beams cannot enter an operator's eyes. To obtain high-contrast images, signal and noise light were separated.
Passerelle (2006)

Résumé Résumé : Pont mobile provisoire, disposition pour faciliter un passage, lien anonyme et pénible, zone de commandement ou de surveillance, installation pour cacher ou afficher, institutions d’expositions de créations artistiques engagées, lieux d’échanges conviviaux, dispositifs d’aménagement d’études ou encore métaphore des relations humaines 1 , la “passerelle” est un mot polysémique. Saisi métaphoriquement et recomposé conceptuellement sur les enjeux des pratiques artistiques, il transporte toutes ces nuances dévoilées. Associée à “culturelle”, à “éducative” ou à “artistique”, la “passerelle” travaille le passage de la transmission. Elle évoque la traversée et la transformation. Elle invite à un voyage engagé dans les images.
Phenomenology of the Structural Relaxation Process and the Glass Transition (1994)

The glass transition is a kinetic phenomenon caused by the inability of the liquid structure to equilibrate on an experimental timescale at sufficiently low temperatures. This results in changes during heating or cooling in the temperature dependence of macroscopic properties such as volume, enthalpy, dielectric constant and loss, etc., over a narrow range in temperature generally referred to as the “glass transition region.” During the past 25 years, fairly straightforward semi-empirical models have been developed for the behavior of liquids and glasses in the glass transition region. These models are able to describe both qualitatively and, if the system is not too far from equilibrium, quantitatively the time and temperature dependence of properties during cooling, heating, and annealing. In addition, analysis of the structural relaxation process using irreversible thermodynamics has shown that different properties, e.g., volume and enthalpy, are expected to exhibit different time dependencies in the glass transition region. The relevance of these models and theories to a meaningful assignment of a “glass transition temperature” is discussed.
Antioxidant responses to oxidant-mediated lung diseases (2002)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated throughout the human body. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants detoxify ROS and RNS and minimize damage to biomolecules. An imbalance between the production of ROS and RNS and antioxidant capacity leads to a state of "oxidative stress" that contributes to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases by damaging lipids, protein, and DNA. In general, lung diseases are related to inflammatory processes that generate increased ROS and RNS. The susceptibility of the lung to oxidative injury depends largely on its ability to upregulate protective ROS and RNS scavenging systems. Unfortunately, the primary intracellular antioxidants are expressed at low levels in the human lung and are not acutely induced when exposed to oxidative stresses such as cigarette smoke and hyperoxia. However, the response of extracellular antioxidant enzymes, the critical primary defense against exogenous oxidative stress, increases rapidly and in proportion to oxidative stress. In this paper, we review how antioxidants in the lung respond to oxidative stress in several lung diseases and focus on the mechanisms that upregulate extracellular glutathione peroxidase.
Medicinal Plants: Their Use in Anticancer Treatment. (2015)

Globally cancer is a disease which severely effects the human population. There is a constant demand for new therapies to treat and prevent this life-threatening disease. Scientific and research interest is drawing its attention towards naturally-derived compounds as they are considered to have less toxic side effects compared to current treatments such as chemotherapy. The Plant Kingdom produces naturally occurring secondary metabolites which are being investigated for their anticancer activities leading to the development of new clinical drugs. With the success of these compounds that have been developed into staple drugs for cancer treatment new technologies are emerging to develop the area further. New technologies include nanoparticles for nano-medicines which aim to enhance anticancer activities of plant-derived drugs by controlling the release of the compound and investigating new methods for administration. This review discusses the demand for naturally-derived compounds from medicinal plants and their properties which make them targets for potential anticancer treatments.
Proteasomal Components Required for Cell Growth and Stress Responses in the Haloarchaeon <i>Haloferax volcanii</i> (2008)

Little is known regarding the biological roles of archaeal proteases. The haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii is an ideal model for understanding these enzymes, as it is one of few archaea with an established genetic system. In this report, a series of H. volcanii mutant strains with markerless and/or conditional knockouts in each known proteasome gene was systematically generated and characterized. This included single and double knockouts of genes encoding the 20S core alpha1 (psmA), beta (psmB), and alpha2 (psmC) subunits as well as genes (panA and panB) encoding proteasome-activating nucleotidase (PAN) proteins closely related to the regulatory particle triple-A ATPases (Rpt) of eukaryotic 26S proteasomes. Our results demonstrate that 20S proteasomes are required for growth. Although synthesis of 20S proteasomes containing either alpha1 or alpha2 could be separately abolished via gene knockout with little to no impact on growth, conditional depletion of either beta alone or alpha1 and alpha2 together rendered the cells inviable. In contrast, the PAN proteins were not essential based on the robust growth of the panA panB double knockout strain. Deletion of genes encoding either alpha1 or PanA did, however, render cells more sensitive to growth on organic versus inorganic nitrogen sources and hypo-osmotic stress and limited growth in the presence of l-canavanine. Abolishment of alpha1 synthesis also had a severe impact on the ability of cells to withstand thermal stress. This contrasted with what was seen for panA knockouts, which displayed enhanced thermotolerance. Together, these results provide new and important insight into the biological role of proteasomes in archaea.
A Mixed HVH-VHV Algorithm for Three-Layer Channel Routing (1987)

We present a hybrid three-layer channel-routing algorithm that combines horizontal-vertical-horizontal (HVH) and vertical-horizontal-vertical (VHV) approaches [1]. The result is the best of both approaches. VHV excels when the vertical constraint graph (VCG) has long chains; HVH is strong when the VCG has a large number of incomparable nodes. In hybrid routing, the VCG is partitioned into two portions, one ideally suited for HVH and the other for VHV. The portions are routed with a transition track in between. It is shown that, for many channel-routing problems, the hybrid method can do with fewer tracks than the theoretical lower bounds of the algorithms given in [1][2][3]. A heuristic algorithm is given for determining an optimum partitioning into HVH and VHV portions. The algorithm is powerful and its performance on Deutsch's difficult example [8] is discussed as an illustration.
New Strategies in Chemical Synthesis and Catalysis (2012)

Providing a comprehensive overview of the essential topics, this book covers the core areas of organic, inorganic, organometallic, biochemical synthesis and catalysis. The authors are among the rising stars in European chemistry, a selection of participants in the 2010 European Young Chemists Award competition, and their contributions deal with most of the frontier issues in chemical synthesis. They give an account of the latest research results in chemistry in Europe, as well as the state of the art in their field of research and the outlook for the future. © 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
NMDA Receptor-Mediated Activation of NADPH Oxidase and Glomerulosclerosis in Hyperhomocysteinemic Rats (2010)

This study investigated the role of NMDA receptor in hyperhomocyteinemia (hHcys)-induced NADPH oxidase (Nox) activation and glomerulosclerosis. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a folate-free (FF) diet to produce hHcys, and a NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, was administrated. Rats fed the FF diet exhibited significantly increased plasma homocysteine levels, upregulated NMDA receptor expression, enhanced Nox activity and Nox-dependent O(2)(.-) production in the glomeruli, which were accompanied by remarkable glomerulosclerosis. MK-801 treatment significantly inhibited Nox-dependent O(2)(.-) production induced by hHcys and reduced glomerular damage index as compared with vehicle-treated hHcys rats. Correspondingly, glomerular deposition of extracellular matrix components in hHcys rats was ameliorated by the administration of MK-801. Additionally, hHcys induced an increase in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) expression and a decrease in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-9 activities, all of which were abolished by MK-801 treatment. In vitro studies showed that homocysteine increased Nox-dependent O(2)(.-) generation in rat mesangial cells, which was blocked by MK-801. Pretreatment with MK-801 also reversed homocysteine-induced decrease in MMP-1 activity and increase in TIMP-1 expression. These results support the view that the NMDA receptor may mediate Nox activation in the kidney during hHcys and thereby play a critical role in the development of hHcys-induced glomerulosclerosis.
Similarities in transthyretin gene expression and differences in transcription factors: liver and yolk sac compared to choroid plexus. (1990)

The serum thyroxine-binding protein, transthyretin (TTR), is made by hepatocytes and by choroid plexus epithelium in adults and by yolk sac cells in embryogenesis. Four hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF-1, -3, and -4 and C/EBP) that are present in liver but not in most other adult tissues bind DNA sites in the TTR gene that are sufficient to direct transgenic expression. Three of these proteins were also found in yolk sac cells, which also express the transgene. A limited transgenic construct is not active in the choroid plexus and a TTR-producing choroid plexus tumor lacks three of the liver-enriched DNA-binding proteins. We conclude that cell-specific expression of TTR is regulated at least in part by the differential cellular distribution of positive-acting transcription factors.
Potential causes of across field CD variation (1997)

The variation in critical dimension (i.e., CD) as a function of exposure field position is an important error component in total linewidth control. In this paper, we describe method for uncovering root causes of the across field CD variation in a lithographic projection system. For example, using a special reticle artifact we form images of the exposure system source distribution at various points in the lens field. These field dependent source distributions provide important clues into the variation of partial coherence, dose and numerical aperture around the exposure field. We also present a novel technique for inferring the residual projection lens aberration signature from CD measurements in photoresist. Tests to understand the role of stray light in across field CD variation are also investigated. Exposure system specifications consistent with small variation in across field CD are provided on the basis of these test vehicles.
13.3: A Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Evaluation of the Effects of CRT Mask Structure on Character Readability (1998)

Abstract Theoretical analysis supported by simulation experiments have shown that the hexagonal mask structure shows a more consistent reproduction of characters than the aperture grille or slotted mask structures, in particular when the applied pixel size in reduced to an extent that it approaches the horizontal pitch of the tube.
Imaging in the evaluation of renovascular disease (2009)

Renovascular disease (RVD) is an important cause of hypertension in children, as it often is amenable to potentially curative treatment. Imaging aimed at finding RVD therefore needs to have high sensitivity so as not to miss important findings. Digital subtraction angiography is the gold standard investigation. Doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) angiography and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography can all be helpful, but none has, at present, high enough sensitivity to rule out RVD in a child with a suggestion of that diagnosis.