gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heading assessment by “tunnel vision” patients and control subjects standing or walking in a virtual reality environment (2007)

Virtual reality locomotion simulators are a promising tool for evaluating the effectiveness of vision aids to mobility for people with low vision. This study examined two factors to gain insight into the verisimilitude requirements of the test environment: the effects of treadmill walking and the suitability of using controls as surrogate patients. Ten "tunnel vision" patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) were tasked with identifying which side of a clearly visible obstacle their heading through the virtual environment would lead them, and were scored both on accuracy and on their distance from the obstacle when they responded. They were tested both while walking on a treadmill and while standing, as they viewed a scene representing progress through a shopping mall. Control subjects, each wearing a head-mounted field restriction to simulate the vision of a paired patient, were also tested. At wide angles of approach, controls and patients performed with a comparably high degree of accuracy, and made their choices at comparable distances from the obstacle. At narrow angles of approach, patients' accuracy increased when walking, while controls' accuracy decreased. When walking, both patients and controls delayed their decisions until closer to the obstacle. We conclude that a head-mounted field restriction is not sufficient for simulating tunnel vision, but that the improved performance observed for walking compared to standing suggests that a walking interface (such as a treadmill) may be essential for eliciting natural perceptually-guided behavior in virtual reality locomotion simulators.
An efficient three-point arc algorithm (1989)

For many applications a 2-D circular arc can be conveniently specified by three points that lie on the arc. Since the radius of curvature grows without bound as the three points become collinear, any practical algorithm must avoid calculating the arc's radius or functions of the radius. An algorithm that achieves this objective is presented. It is very efficient because it uses exclusively integer arithmetic and requires only addition, subtraction, comparison, and branch operation in the inner loop.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antiatherosclerotic and Anticoagulant Activity of Cerebroside Sulfate (1961)

(1) Oral administration of crude cerebroside extracted from bovine brain inhibited the diet-induced elevation of serum cholesterol in the rabbit. Both purified cerebroside and sphingomyelin showed similar and less effect. (2) Intravenously administered cerebroside and cerebroside sulfate proved to have hypocholesteremic effect. The latter significantly inhibited atheromatous involvements in the aorta. (3) Cerebroside sulfate increased fecal excretion of digitonin-precipitable, Liebermann-Burchard-positive sterols by intravenous administration. (4) Cerebroside sulfate inhibited both thromboplastin generation and thrombin-fibrinogen reaction.
Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna Excited by a Conformal Wire (2008)

A conformal spiral wire has been used to feed a dielectric resonator antenna to obtain a circular polarization. The parameters of the spiral have been optimized numerically so that minimum axial ratio (AR) and return losses are achieved. The method of moments (MoM) has been used in the analysis and the results have been validated against those from a commercial software package with a good agreement.
Assessment of cerebral perfusion and arterial anatomy in hyperacute stroke with three-dimensional functional CT: early clinical results. (1998)

Quantitative three-dimensional functional CT is feasible for patients with hyperacute stroke. It is performed by using helical CT techniques, and yields measures of cerebrovascular physiological function, which are useful in this patient population.
IEEE 802.1X Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) Usage Guidelines (2003)

non-normative Appendix within the IEEE 802.1X specification, and is being presented as an IETF RFC for informational purposes.
Thermal Stability of Tungsten Oxide Clusters (2008)

Thermal reduction of tungsten oxide nanoclusters supported on thin silicon and aluminum oxide films and ranging in size from 2 to 8 nm was studied by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We observed that with a decrease in size oxide clusters demonstrate enhanced resistance to the oxide reduction when heated in vacuum. The effect is presumed to be related to the point defects that serve as nucleation sites in the oxide reduction process. It is suggested that due to the increased Laplace pressure small clusters contain lower defect density thus making them less susceptible to the thermal reduction. Preamorphization of the oxide particles by low-energy ion bombardment demonstrated a lowering of oxide decomposition temperature thus supporting the inference on the defect stimulated oxide reduction. These results provide a novel model system to understand the reduction behavior of bulk tungsten oxides and might be of crucial relevance for applications where the use of clusters is of special importance.
Human peripheral γδ T cells possess regulatory potential (2009)

Deficiency in gammadelta T cells aggravates colitis in animal models suggesting that gammadelta T cells have regulatory properties. Therefore, proliferation, suppression and cytokine secretion of human gammadelta T cells were determined in vitro. Human peripheral gammadelta T cells were isolated from the whole blood of healthy donors by magnetic antibody cell sorting technology. The proliferation after CD3/CD28 stimulation was measured by (3)[H]thymidine incorporation. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and IL-10 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; TGF-beta messenger RNA was also measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of latency associated peptide (LAP), a TGF-beta complex component, intracellular cytokine content and T helper cell proliferation were measured by flow cytometry. Human gammadelta T cells showed poor proliferation upon CD3/CD28 stimulation and suppressed T helper cell growth stronger than CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells, although gammadelta T cells were FOXP3 negative. They secreted little IL-2 but high concentrations of IFN-gamma, IL-10 and TGF-beta. When looking at LAP expression the Vdelta1 subset was found to be the main TGF-beta producer compared to Vdelta2 T cells. Taken together, peripheral gammadelta T cells have in vitro a more potent regulatory potential than CD4(+) CD25(+) cells regarding T helper cell suppression. This is most likely the result of strong TGF-beta secretion, particularly by the Vdelta1 subset.
Sweet Wheat (2006)

The major components of storage starch are amylose and amylopectin, and in wheat, both an amylose-free mutant lacking granule-bound starch synthase I and a high-amylose mutant lacking starch synthase IIa have been produced recently. Here, we report the production of an amylose-free/ high-amylose double mutant. This double mutant has kernel and carbohydrate characteristics that are remarkably different than those of either single mutant, including a dramatically shrunken seed shape. Surprisingly, the double mutant has maltose and sucrose levels that are high enough to make it worthy of being called "sweet wheat".
Ferritin Contains Less Iron (59Fe) in Cells When the Protein Pores Are Unfolded by Mutation (2008)

Ferric minerals in ferritins are protected from cytoplasmic reductants and Fe2+ release by the protein nanocage until iron need is signaled. Deletion of ferritin genes is lethal; two critical ferritin functions are concentrating iron and oxidant protection (consuming cytoplasmic iron and oxygen in the mineral). In solution, opening/closing (gating) of eight ferritin protein pores controls reactions between external reductant and the ferritin mineral; pore gating is altered by mutation, low heat, and physiological urea (1 mm) and monitored by CD spectroscopy, protein crystallography, and Fe2+ release rates. To study the effects of a ferritin pore gating mutation in living cells, we cloned/expressed human ferritin H and H L138P, homologous to the frog open pore model that was unexpressable in human cells. Human ferritin H L138P behaved like the open pore ferritin model in vitro as follows: (i) normal protein cage assembly and mineralization, (ii) increased iron release (t1/2) decreased 17-fold), and (iii) decreased alpha-helix (8%). Overexpression (> 4-fold), in HeLa cells, showed for ferritin H L138P equal protein expression and total cell 59Fe but increased chelatable iron, 16%, p < 0.01 (59Fe in the deferoxamine-containing medium), and decreased 59Fe in ferritin, 28%, p < 0.01, compared with wild type. The coincidence of decreased 59Fe in open pore ferritin with increased chelatable 59Fe in cells expressing the ferritin open pore mutation suggests that ferritin pore gating influences to the amount of iron (59Fe) in ferritin in vivo.
Experimental modeling of the priming mechanism of the calicheamicin/esperamicin antibiotics: actuation by the addition of intramolecular nucleophiles to the bridgehead double bond (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperimental modeling of the priming mechanism of the calicheamicin/esperamicin antibiotics: actuation by the addition of intramolecular nucleophiles to the bridgehead double bondJohn N. Haseltine, Samuel J. Danishefsky, and Gayle SchulteCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 19, 7638–7640Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00201a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00201a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Strain relaxation of compositionally graded In<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As buffer layers for modulation-doped In0.3Ga0.7As/In0.29Al0.71As heterostructures (1992)

Modulation-doped In0.3Ga0.7As/In0.29Al0.71As heterostructures have been grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy using a compositionally step-graded InxGa1−xAs buffer layer. We found that the buffer layer produces essentially total relaxation with &lt;2×106/cm2 dislocations present in the In0.3Ga0.7As layer. The structural perfection of this layer is reflected in the electrical and galvanomagnetic properties of its two-dimensional electron-gas channel which has a sheet-electron density of 1.2×1012/cm2, peak mobilities of 9 300 cm2/V s at room temperature and 31 000 cm2/V s at 77 K, and a mobility anisotropy of ∼4% along orthogonal 〈110〉 directions.
Neuron recognition by parallel Potts segmentation (2003)

Identifying neurons and their spatial coordinates in images of the cerebral cortex is a necessary step in the quantitative analysis of spatial organization in the brain. This is especially important in the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which spatial neuronal organization and relationships are highly disrupted because of neuronal loss. To automate neuron recognition by using high-resolution confocal microscope images from human brain tissue, we propose a recognition method based on statistical physics that consists of image preprocessing, parallel image segmentation, and cluster selection on the basis of shape, optical density, and size. We segment a preprocessed digital image into clusters by applying Monte Carlo simulations of a q-state inhomogeneous Potts model. We then select the range of Potts segmentation parameters to yield an ideal recognition of simplified objects in the test image. We apply our parallel segmentation method to control individuals and to AD patients and achieve recognition of 98% (for a control) and 93% (for an AD patient), with at most 3% false clusters.
Design of uniform-intensity refractive axicons (1992)

A general, nonparaxial differential equation is derived describing the refracting surface of revolution, which is able to focus light into a segment of the optical axis that has an arbitrary length, position, and longitudinal intensity distribution. The approach is based on the energy conservation principle in the geometric-approximation and ray-tracing equations. Also presented are numerical solutions for uniform-intensity axicons because the equation has only analytic solutions in the limiting cases of a stigmatic lens and classical axicon.
Difficulties Measuring the Internet's AS-Level Ecosystem (2006)

Compared to other large-scale, complex systems, one of the most appealing features of the Internet is that a thorough understanding of its component technologies combined with a unique ability to measure the network means that most of the models and theories proposed for explaining the Internet's observed structure and behavior can be in general unambiguously validated, though perhaps not without substantial efforts. An example that requires such substantial effort is the structure and dynamics of the Internet at the level of autonomous systems (ASs). We show in this paper that the problem of inferring connectivity within the Internet's AS-level ecosystem has been severely hampered by highly ambiguous measurements, with serious but often ignored implications for AS-level topology modeling and model validation. The situation is even worse with respect to inferring inter-AS traffic demands where the basic problem has been a complete lack of any sort of useful and publicly available measurements. We describe recent attempts that try to change this situation and discuss their implications for AS-level traffic matrix modeling and model validation.
Synthesis and drug controlled release of block copolymers of poly(l‐lactide) with poly(d, l‐lactide) and related monomers (1997)

Abstract Four types of new biodegradable block copolymers AB, ABA, AC and AD, where A is poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA), B is poly(D, L‐lactide) (PDLLA), C is poly(p‐dioxanone) (PDON) and D is poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) with different block lengths were synthesized and characterized by GPC, IR, 1 H‐NMR and DSC. There are phase‐separated and biodegradable block copolymers. Their in vitro biodegradation rates with the change of composition ratio were studied as well as the biodegradation rates of homopolymers with the series as PDON > PDLLA > PLLA in parallel with their crystallinities, i.e. from amorphous to semicrystalline. All these block copolymers were used as matrix to test their controlled release behavior of levo‐norgestrel (LNG) in the form of microspheres through solvent evaporation preparation with thoroughly long‐time washing to minimize the generally occurring bursting effect. As a result all of them showed almost constant rate of release even from the initial stage,
Keyword selection method for characterizing text document maps (1999)

Characterization of subsets of data is a recurring problem in data mining. We propose a keyword selection method that can be used for obtaining characterizations of clusters of data whenever textual descriptions can be associated with the data. Several methods that cluster data sets or form projections of data provide an order or distance measure of the clusters. If such an ordering of the clusters exists or can be deduced, the method utilizes the order to improve the characterizations. The proposed method may be applied, for example, to characterizing graphical displays of collections of data ordered (e.g. with SOM algorithm). The method is validated using a collection of 10000 scientific abstracts from the INSPEC database organized on a WEBSOM document map.
The anti-inflammatory effects of ketoprofen in animal experiments. (1997)

The authors investigated the anti-inflammatory actions of ketoprofen using a battery of tests: in the rat paw oedema test induced by five different inciters, in the capillary permeability test, and in measuring the interleukin-8 (IL-8) production and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The findings in these studies show that ketoprofen inhibits rat paw oedema, suppresses capillary permeability, reduces IL-8 production and increases SOD activity in the acetic-acid-induced inflammatory state. These results would seem to provide a clear rationale for exploring the usefulness of ketoprofen in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
New silica-based 8×8 thermo-optic matrix switch on Si that requires no bias power (1995)

Eight-by-eight strictly nonblocking thermo-optic (TO) matrix switches have been developed in silica-based waveguides.1,2 These switches have been applied as key components in photonic intermodule-connector systems.3,4 In conventional TO switches, however, TO bias power4 is needed for all the switching units all the time to cancel the phase errors caused by slight fabrication errors. In this paper we report the fabrication of a new 8×8 TO matrix switch that does not require the use of bias power.
Methionine Adenosyltransferase ( <i>S</i> ‐Adenosylmethionine Synthetase) and <i>S</i> ‐Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase (1984)

Introduction Bacterial Methionine Adenosyltransferase Methionine Adenosyltransferase of Yeast Methionine Adenosyltransferase in Animal Tissues Introduction Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase of Escherichia coli Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase in Animal Tissues
Studies on Thiazole Derivatives as Analytical Reagents. IV (1961)

Twenty-three kinds of hydrazine derivatives of thiazole were synthesized and their utility as organic reagent was examined. Characteristic coloration was found to occur by the reaction of 2, 2′-hydrazodithiazole and 2-hydrazinothiazole derivatives with Fe (III), Cu (II), Ag (I), Hg (II), Pt (IV), Au (III), and Pd (II) ions, 2, 2′-azodithiazole derivatives with Pd (II) ion alone, 2-(2-acetylhydrazino)thiazole derivatives with Co (II), Ni (II), Mn (II), Fe (III), Cu (II), Ag (I), Hg (II), Au (III), and Pd (II) ions, 2-(2, 2-diacetylhydrazino)thiazole and 2-(1, 2, 2-triacetylhydrazino)thiazole derivatives with Au (III) and Pd (II) ions, benzaldehyde 2-benzothiazolylhydrazone derivatives with Co (II), Ni (II), Cd (II), Cu (II), Ag (I), Hg (II), Au (III), and Pd (II) ions, and 1-(2-benzothiazolyl)-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide derivatives with Co (II), Cu (II), Bi (III), Au (III), Pd (II), and Pb (II). Limit of detection of these metal ions by these reagents was examined by spot test and examinations were also made on interfering ions and their removal. It was thereby found that 2-hydrazino-4-phenylthiazole was excellent spot test reagent for Cu (II) ion, 2-(2-acetylhydrazino)-4-methylthiazole for Fe (III) ion, and 2, 2′-azobis(4-methylthiazole) for Pd (II) ion.
Old English Literature (1968)

Old English Literature Get access R. M. WILSON R. M. WILSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Year's Work in English Studies, Volume XLVII, Issue 1, 1968, Pages 61–72, https://doi.org/10.1093/ywes/XLVII.1.61 Published: 01 September 1968
Mechanical resonances and geometrical nonlinearities in electrodynamic loudspeakers (2008)

International audience
Bioactive Compounds in Legumes and Their Germinated Products (2006)

Nineteen domestic legume varieties, including 6 soybeans, 7 black soybeans, 4 azuki beans, and 2 mung beans, were evaluated for contents of dietary fiber, total phenolics, and flavonoids. Nine varieties of legumes (black soybean TN6, TN3, BM, and WY; soybean KS1, KS2, and KS8; azuki bean AKS5 and AKS6) were good sources of bioactive compounds and were selected for germination tests. After short- and long-term germinations, the bioactive compounds were determined and compared with compositions of isoflavones in soybeans. The reducing power of legumes correlated well with their total flavonoid contents (r (2) = 0.9414), whereas less correlation was found between reducing power and total phenolics contents (r (2) = 0.6885). The dark-coat seeds, such as azuki beans and black soybeans, contained high amounts of phenolic compounds and contributed to high antioxidative ability, whereas their phenolics content and antioxidative abilities significantly decreased after short-term germination due to losses of pigments in the seed coats. After long-term germination, the contents of bioactive compounds (total phenolics and flavonoids) increased again and the ratio of aglycones to total isoflavones significantly increased in black soybeans. TN3 and TN6 seeds and their long-term germinated seeds and AKS5 seeds were identified as the legume samples that might have the highest antioxidant ability according to the results of chemometric analysis. Selection of the right legume varieties combined with a suitable germination process could provide good sources of bioactive compounds from legumes and their germinated products for neutraceutical applications.
Geomagnetically induced currents: Science, engineering, and applications readiness (2017)

Abstract This paper is the primary deliverable of the very first NASA Living With a Star Institute Working Group, Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) Working Group. The paper provides a broad overview of the current status and future challenges pertaining to the science, engineering, and applications of the GIC problem. Science is understood here as the basic space and Earth sciences research that allows improved understanding and physics‐based modeling of the physical processes behind GIC. Engineering, in turn, is understood here as the “impact” aspect of GIC. Applications are understood as the models, tools, and activities that can provide actionable information to entities such as power systems operators for mitigating the effects of GIC and government agencies for managing any potential consequences from GIC impact to critical infrastructure. Applications can be considered the ultimate goal of our GIC work. In assessing the status of the field, we quantify the readiness of various applications in the mitigation context. We use the Applications Readiness Level (ARL) concept to carry out the quantification.