gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PAR-2 elicits afferent arteriolar vasodilation by NO-dependent and NO-independent actions (2002)

Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) are a novel class of G protein-coupled receptors that respond to signals through endogenous proteinases. PAR activation involves enzymatic cleavage of the extracellular NH(2)-terminal domain and unmasking of a new NH(2) terminus, which serves as an anchored ligand to activate the receptor. At least four PAR subtypes have been identified. In the present study, we used the in vitro perfused hydronephrotic rat kidney to examine the effects of activating PAR-2 on the afferent arteriole. The synthetic peptide SLIGRL-NH(2), which corresponds to the exposed ligand sequence and selectively activates PAR-2, did not alter basal afferent arteriolar diameter but caused a concentration-dependent vasodilation (3-30 microM) of arterioles preconstricted by angiotensin II (0.1 nM). A modified peptide sequence (LSIGRL-NH(2), inactive at PAR-2) had no effect. This vasodilation was characterized by an initial transient component followed by a smaller sustained response. A similar pattern of vasodilation was seen when SLIGRL-NH(2) was administered to isolated perfused normal rat kidney. The sustained component of the PAR-2-induced afferent arteriolar vasodilation was eliminated by nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition (100 microM nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). In contrast, the transient vasodilation persisted under these conditions. This transient response was not observed when afferent arterioles were preconstricted with elevated KCl, suggesting involvement of an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. Finally, RT-PCR revealed the presence of PAR-2 mRNA in isolated afferent arterioles. These findings indicate that PAR-2 is expressed in the afferent arteriole and that its activation elicits afferent arteriolar vasodilation by NO-dependent and NO-independent mechanisms.
R-Tree Based Indexing of Now-Relative Bitemporal Data (1998)

The databases of a wide range of applications, e.g., in data warehousing, store multiple states of time-evolving data. These databases contain a substantial part of now-relative data: data that became valid at some past time and remains valid until the current time. More specifically, two temporal aspects of data are frequently of interest, namely valid time, when data is true, and transaction time, when data is current in the database, leading to bitemporal data. Only little work, based mostly on R-trees, has addressed the indexing of bitemporal data. No indices exist that contend well with now-relative data, which leads to temporal data regions that are continuous functions of time. The paper proposes two extended R -trees that permit the indexing of data regions that grow continuously over time, by also letting the internal bounding regions grow. Internal bounding regions may be triangular as well as rectangular. New heuristics for the algorithms that govern the index structure are provided. As a result, dead space and overlap, now also functions of time, are reduced. Performance
Active Routing Mechanism for Mobile IP Network (2003)

As mobile IP has been suggested only to support mobility of mobile station(MS) by which it dose nothing but guarantee MS's new connection to the network, it is for nothing in Quality of Service(QoS) after handoff of MS. QoS is very important factor in mobile IP network to provide multimedia applications and real-time services in mobile environment, and it is closely related to handoff delay Therefore as a main issue in mobile IP research area, handoff delay problem is actively studied to guarantee and promote QoS. In this paper, in order to resolve such a problem, we suggest Simple Network Management Network(SNMP) information-based routing that adds keyword management method to information-based routing in active network, and then propose QoS controlled handoff by SNMP information-based routing. After setting up routing convergence time, modeling of suggested method and existing handoff method is followed in order to evaluate the simulations that are carried out with NS-2. The result of simulation show the improvement of handoff delay, and consequently it turns off the QoS has been improved considerably.
Rethinking database high availability with RDMA networks (2019)

Highly available database systems rely on data replication to tolerate machine failures. Both classes of existing replication algorithms, active-passive and active-active, were designed in a time when network was the dominant performance bottleneck. In essence, these techniques aim to minimize network communication between replicas at the cost of incurring more processing redundancy; a trade-off that suitably fitted the conventional wisdom of distributed database design. However, the emergence of next-generation networks with high throughput and low latency calls for revisiting these assumptions. In this paper, we first make the case that in modern RDMA-enabled networks, the bottleneck has shifted to CPUs, and therefore the existing network-optimized replication techniques are no longer optimal. We present Active-Memory Replication , a new high availability scheme that efficiently leverages RDMA to completely eliminate the processing redundancy in replication. Using Active-Memory, all replicas dedicate their processing power to executing new transactions, as opposed to performing redundant computation. Active-Memory maintains high availability and correctness in the presence of failures through an efficient RDMA-based undo-logging scheme. Our evaluation against active-passive and active-active schemes shows that Active-Memory is up to a factor of 2 faster than the second-best protocol on RDMA-based networks.
Lipoprotein-Inspired Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics (2011)

Over hundreds of millions of years, animals have evolved endogenous lipoprotein nanoparticles for shuttling hydrophobic molecules to different parts of the body. In the last 70 years, scientists have developed an understanding of lipoprotein function, often in relationship to lipid transport and heart disease. Such biocompatible, lipid-protein complexes are also ideal for loading and delivering cancer therapeutic and diagnostic agents, which means that lipoprotein and lipoprotein-inspired nanoparticles also offer opportunities for cancer theranostics. By mimicking the endogenous shape and structure of lipoproteins, the nanocarrier can remain in circulation for an extended period of time, while largely evading the reticuloendothelial cells in the body's defenses. The small size (less than 30 nm) of the low-density (LDL) and high-density (HDL) classes of lipoproteins allows them to maneuver deeply into tumors. Furthermore, lipoproteins can be targeted to their endogenous receptors, when those are implicated in cancer, or to other cancer receptors. In this Account, we review the field of lipoprotein-inspired nanoparticles related to the delivery of cancer imaging and therapy agents. LDL has innate cancer targeting potential and has been used to incorporate diverse hydrophobic molecules and deliver them to tumors. Nature's method of rerouting LDL in atherosclerosis provides a strategy to extend the cancer targeting potential of lipoproteins beyond its narrow purview. Although LDL has shown promise as a drug nanocarrier for cancer imaging and therapy, increasing evidence indicates that HDL, the smallest lipoprotein, may also be of use for drug targeting and uptake into cancer cells. We also discuss how synthetic HDL-like nanoparticles, which do not include human or recombinant proteins, can deliver molecules directly to the cytoplasm of certain cancer cells, effectively bypassing the endosomal compartment. This strategy could allow HDL-like nanoparticles to be used to deliver drugs that have increased activity in the cytoplasm. Lipoprotein nanoparticles have evolved to be ideal delivery vehicles, and because of that specialized function, they have the potential to improve cancer theranostics.
Microwave Absorption Enhancement and Complex Permittivity and Permeability of Fe Encapsulated within Carbon Nanotubes (2004)

CNT/crystalline Fe nanocomposites (see Figure) have excellent microwave‐absorption characteristics. This absorption property is shown to result from the confinement of crystalline Fe in carbon nanoshells, deriving mainly from magnetic rather than electric effects—the complex permittivity and permeability depend both on the shape and phase of the CNT/Fe nanocapsulates.
2D orthogonal spreading codes for multicarrier DS-CDMA systems (2004)

This paper presents two new constructions of two-dimensional (2D) spreading codes, here designated as 2D orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes, for multicarrier direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (MC/DS-CDMA) systems. Orthogonality of these spreading codes is employed to improve the bandwidth efficiency and interference rejection capability of the DS-CDMA systems. The 2D OVSF codes are constructed by generalizing one-dimensional (1D) OVSF codes and they possess ideal correlation properties. As illustrated in this paper, these 2D OVSF cods preserve the orthogonality of different spreading factors in an OVSF code tree, supporting multimedia services with a variety of data rates.
Acidic Property and Catalytic Activity of TiO2·ZnO (1972)

Abstract A new type of mixed metal oxide TiO2·ZnO was prepared by either heterogeneous or homogeneous co-precipitation and the acidic property was measured by n-butylamine titration and by observation of infrared spectra of adsorbed pyridine. It was found that TiO2·ZnO containing about 7 or 57% of ZnO shows a very large acid amount of 0.5–0.9 mmol/g and a fairly high acid strength of H0≤−3, the acid sites being both Brönsted and Lewis type and the acid sites of high strength created by heterogeneous precipitation. The catalytic activity and selectivity of TiO2·ZnO were found very high for the hydration reaction of ethylene. The catalyst was active also for the alkylation of phenol by methanol and gave only monoalkylated products.
Dynamin2 downregulation delays EGFR endocytic trafficking and promotes EGFR signaling and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. (2015)

Dysregulation of endocytosis was viewed as an emerging feature of cancer development and progression. A large GTPase dynamin2 plays a significant role in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) endocytosis. The study was designed to investigate its roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis and its underlying mechanism. Dynamin2 expression in cancer tissues from HCC patients was assessed by immunohistochemistry and its prognostic significance for the patients was conducted using univariate and multivariate analysis. Its role in tumor invasion and metastasis was evaluated in vitro by gene silence using siRNA-mediated approach and the small molecule inhibitor of Dynasore. EGFR expression in HCC cell lines and EGFR downstream signaling ERK1/2 was evaluated by Western-blot and immunofluorescence analyses after Dynamin2 inhibition. Our data indicated that low expression of dynamin2 was well correlated with invasion characteristics and shorter overall survival. HCC cell migration, colony formation and invasion were significantly increased after the inhibition of dynamin2 in HCC cells. Internalization of EGFR was markedly reduced when dynamin2 was knock down or inhibition. In addition, we observed that dynamin2 regulated EGF mediated EGFR downstream Ras/ERK1/2 signaling and p-ERK1/2 accumulation in nucleus. The results demonstrate a possible mechanism of dynamin involved EGFR endocytosis and modulation of metastasis in HCC. Dynamin2 inhibits the invasion and metastasis of HCC cells by the promotion of EGFR endocytosis and downregulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
Beyond LDL-Cholesterol: New Treatments Raising HDL-Cholesterol or Enhancing Reverse Cholesterol Transport (2002)

Neue Therapiekonzepte zur Beeinflussung der HDL. Atheroskleroseassoziierte Erkrankungen sind weltweit immer noch die Todesursache Nummer 1. Heute stehen uns eine Reihe von Therapiemöglichkeiten, wie Diät, Statine oder LDL-Apherese, zur Verfügung, welche zu einer signifikanten LDL-Reduktion führen. Trotz exzellenter Risikoreduktion sowohl in der Primär- als auch in der Sekundärprävention, sind kardiovaskuläre Mortalität und Morbidität nach wie vor eine große Herausforderung für Ärzte und unser Gesundheitssystem. Deshalb besteht ein klarer Bedarf an neuen Interventionsmöglichkeiten. High Density Lipoproteine sind ein möglicher Ansatzpunkt, und deshalb möchte ich in diesem Reviewartikel alte und neue Strategien zur Erhöhung von HDL beleuchten und 2 neue Therapieansätze, die zur Zeit klinisch getestet werden, vorstellen.
Requirement for a conserved Toll/interleukin-1 resistance domain protein in the <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> immune response (2004)

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway regulates innate immune responses in evolutionarily diverse species. We have previously shown that the Caenorhabditis elegans p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, PMK-1, functions in an innate immune response pathway that mediates resistance to a variety of microbial pathogens. Here, we show that tir-1, a gene encoding a highly conserved Toll/IL-1 resistance (TIR) domain protein, is also required for C. elegans resistance to microbial pathogens. RNA interference inactivation of tir-1 resulted in enhanced susceptibility to killing by pathogens and correspondingly diminished PMK-1 phosphorylation. Unlike all known TIR-domain adapter proteins, overexpression of the human TIR-1 homologue, SARM, in mammalian cells was not sufficient to induce expression of NF-kappaB or IRF3-dependent reporter genes that are activated by Toll-like receptor signaling. These data reveal the involvement of a previously uncharacterized, evolutionarily conserved TIR domain protein in innate immunity that is functionally distinct from other known TIR domain signaling adapters.
Near-optimum decoding of product codes: block turbo codes (1998)

This paper describes an iterative decoding algorithm for any product code built using linear block codes. It is based on soft-input/soft-output decoders for decoding the component codes so that near-optimum performance is obtained at each iteration. This soft-input/soft-output decoder is a Chase decoder which delivers soft outputs instead of binary decisions. The soft output of the decoder is an estimation of the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of the binary decisions given by the Chase decoder. The theoretical justifications of this algorithm are developed and the method used for computing the soft output is fully described. The iterative decoding of product codes is also known as the block turbo code (BTC) because the concept is quite similar to turbo codes based on iterative decoding of concatenated recursive convolutional codes. The performance of different Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH)-BTCs are given for the Gaussian and the Rayleigh channel. Performance on the Gaussian channel indicates that data transmission at 0.8 dB of Shannon's limit or more than 98% (R/C>0.98) of channel capacity can be achieved with high-code-rate BTC using only four iterations. For the Rayleigh channel, the slope of the bit-error rate (BER) curve is as steep as for the Gaussian channel without using channel state information.
<i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i>Isolated from Patients with Bacterial Vaginosis and from Patients with Healthy Vaginal Ecosystems (2001)

The differences in the phenotype and genotype of Gardnerella vaginalis isolates from patients with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and from patients without BV are unknown. In our study, 43 isolates of G. vaginalis were examined for biotype (hippurate hydrolysis, lipase, and beta-galactosidase activity), sensitivity to metronidazole, and genotype. Of the 117 women visiting the gynecology clinic at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center who were included in the study, 27.4% were found to have BV. G. vaginalis was found in samples from 87.5% of women with BV, from 34.0% of women with intermediate BV, and from 26.4% of women with healthy vaginal ecosystems. Among patients with G. vaginalis, biotypes 7 and 8 were isolated from 32% and 20% of patients, respectively. Biotype 5 was predominantly associated with a healthy vaginal ecosystem (P=.0004). Biotypes 5 and 7 were the most resistant to metronidazole. No specific phenotype or genotype of G. vaginalis causes BV.
Highly dynamic behaviour adaptability through prototypes with subjective multimethods (2007)

With the advent of ambient intelligence and advances in mobile hardware technology, the next generation of software systems will require the ability to gracefully and dynamically adapt to changes in their surrounding environment. Contemporary languages provide no dedicated support to this end, thus requiring software developers to achieve this run-time adaptability through the use of specific design patterns and architectural solutions. As a consequence, all possible variability points of mobile systems need to be anticipated up front. Instead, we aim at solving the problem at the language level. We propose a new programming language called Ambience that provides dedicated language mechanisms to manage changing contexts and deal with run-time adaptation of mobile applications to those contexts. The language abstractions we propose are based on a prototype-based programming model that features multimethods and subjective object behaviour. We illustrate and motivate our approach by means of two running examples that were implemented in our language.
Improving Question Answering by Commonsense-Based Pre-Training (2018)

Although neural network approaches achieve remarkable success on a variety of NLP tasks, many of them struggle to answer questions that require commonsense knowledge. We believe the main reason is the lack of commonsense \mbox{connections} between concepts. To remedy this, we provide a simple and effective method that leverages external commonsense knowledge base such as ConceptNet. We pre-train direct and indirect relational functions between concepts, and show that these pre-trained functions could be easily added to existing neural network models. Results show that incorporating commonsense-based function improves the baseline on three question answering tasks that require commonsense reasoning. Further analysis shows that our system \mbox{discovers} and leverages useful evidence from an external commonsense knowledge base, which is missing in existing neural network models and help derive the correct answer.
Backfill materials for underground power cables. Phase II. Backfill treatments, heat and moisture flow analyses, and field tests. Interim report (1981)

The objective of these studies was the development of soil treatments which can decrease the thermal resistivity and increase the thermal stability of trench backfills around buried power cable systems. Laboratory thermal needle resistivity studies were made of numerous proposed backfill additives. Primary emphasis was placed on the effectiveness and durability of wax additives, the leaching resistance of a polymer additive, and the effectiveness of asphalt and other petro-additives. A one-dimensional explicit finite difference program using the Philip and de Vries Theory was developed to evaluate the coupled heat and moisture flows in a layered soil system. A field test facility consisting of ten 10 ft long simulated buried cable sections was constructed. Six were subjected to thermal loadings prior to writing this report. The field test sections are instrumented with thermocouples and fringe capacitance moisture probes. Comparisons of measured temperature profiles in the trenches and those predicted by a finite element heat conduction program are presented. Agreement is generally good. A comparison is also given of measured moisture profiles and those calculated by the one-dimensional model for one of the test sections. The agreement is not good, and the discrepancy may be due to the restriction of flow tomore » one dimension. The predictions seems sensitive to small changes in backfill density and fines content. Operation of the field test sections to establish the long-term effectiveness of the backfill treatments continue. So far the treatments appear to be functioning well.« less
Zeolite ZSM‐5 with Unique Supermicropores Synthesized Using Mesoporous Carbon as a Template (2004)

A nanocasting route that utilizes well‐ordered mesoporous carbon as a solid template can be used to synthesize zeolite ZSM‐5 with unique supermicropores. By changing the nature of the mesoporous carbon template, the textural properties of the zeolite can be varied, and as the Figure shows, the mesoporous MZSM‐5 zeolites are made up of nanocrystallites.
The physical basis of organic chemistry (1985)

This rigorous, but not overly mathematical, account of the physical principles of modern organic chemistry provides an in-depth treatment of the subject not found in general physical or organic chemistry texts. The author provides worked numerical examples throughout the text, and each chapter concludes with problems. For courses in physical organic chemistry, and physical biochemistry at the upper-division and graduate level.
Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy for osteosarcoma: sensitization to CPT-11 in vitro and in vivo by adenoviral delivery of a gene encoding secreted carboxylesterase-2. (2003)

Despite improvement in the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS), there are still many patients who cannot benefit from current treatment modalities. This warrants exploration of new treatment options. To that end, we investigated gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) with the use of human liver carboxylesterase-2 (CE2) and the anticancer agent CPT-11. CPT-11 is a clinically approved prodrug that needs to be metabolized into the active drug SN-38 by CEs, which occurs rather inefficiently in humans. GDEPT aims at high production of CE2 at the tumor site, resulting in efficient local conversion of CPT-11 into SN-38. Here, we show that OS cells transduced with an adenoviral vector containing the cDNA encoding a secreted form of CE2 (Ad-sCE2) expressed and efficiently secreted CE2. In vitro, transduction of a panel of OS cell lines with Ad-sCE2 resulted in sensitization up to 2800-fold to CPT-11 treatment. Primary OS short-term cultures, derived from patients suffering from a classic high-grade OS, demonstrated increased CPT-11 sensitivity up to 70-fold after transduction with Ad-sCE2 in vitro. When mice bearing s.c. MG-63 OS xenografts were intratumorally injected with Ad-sCE2 and CPT-11, this resulted in a significant difference in time to reach 2000 mm(3) in tumor volume as compared with animals receiving Ad-sCE2 or CPT-11 treatment (P < 0.05). Taken together, these data suggest that OS cells are sensitive for the combination of Ad-sCE2 and CPT-11.
A Semi-supervised Learning Approach for Microblog Sentiment Classification (2015)

Most sentiment classification for microblogs are based on supervised learning methods. The performance of these methods heavily relies on carefully chosen training datasets. These datasets usually cannot be too small. This is cumbersome and makes these methods less attractive for practical use. To address this problem, approaches to automatically generate training datasets have been proposed. However, these approaches are usually rule-based, hence they cannot guarantee the diversity of the training datasets. In particular, the huge imbalance between the subjective classes and objective classes in the sentiment of tweets makes it especially difficult to obtain good recall performance for the subjective class. To address this issue, this paper proposes a semi-supervised learning approach for tweet sentiment classification. Experiments show that the performance of our proposed method is significantly better than the previous work.