gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Infection and Circulating ACE2 Levels: Protective Role in Women and Children (2020)

It has been reported that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main host cell receptor of human pathogenic coronaviruses [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), HCoV-NL63, and SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19)], and it plays a crucial role in the entry of virus into the cell to cause the final infection (1). Wrapp and colleagues recently provided the Cryo-EM structure of the virus spike protein, the known ligand for ACE2, and documented a 10 to 20-fold higher affinity of ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 compared to previous SARS-CoV (2).
High Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity Identifies Tumor-Initiating and Metastasis-Initiating Cells in Human Prostate Cancer (2010)

Metastatic progression of advanced prostate cancer is a major clinical problem. Identifying the cell(s) of origin in prostate cancer and its distant metastases may permit the development of more effective treatment and preventive therapies. In this study, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was used as a basis to isolate and compare subpopulations of primary human prostate cancer cells and cell lines. ALDH-high prostate cancer cells displayed strongly elevated clonogenicity and migratory behavior in vitro. More strikingly, ALDH-high cells readily formed distant metastases with strongly enhanced tumor progression at both orthotopic and metastatic sites in preclinical models. Several ALDH isoforms were expressed in human prostate cancer cells and clinical specimens of primary prostate tumors with matched bone metastases. Our findings suggest that ALDH-based viable cell sorting can be used to identify and characterize tumor-initiating and, more importantly perhaps, metastasis-initiating cells in human prostate cancer.
Biomedical Mass Spectrometry in Today's and Tomorrow's Clinical Microbiology Laboratories (2012)

Clinical microbiology is a conservative laboratory exercise where base technologies introduced in the 19th century remained essentially unaltered. High-tech mass spectrometry (MS) has changed that. Within a few years following its adaptation to microbiological diagnostics, MS has been introduced, embraced, and broadly accepted by clinical microbiology laboratories throughout the world as an innovative tool for definitive bacterial species identification. Herein, we review the current state of the art with respect to this exciting new technology and discuss potential future applications.
Data-specific Adaptive Threshold for Face Recognition and Authentication (2018)

Many face recognition systems boost the performance using deep learning models, but only a few researches go into the mechanisms for dealing with online registration. Although we can obtain discriminative facial features through the state-of-the-art deep model training, how to decide the best threshold for practical use remains a challenge. We develop a technique of adaptive threshold mechanism to improve the recognition accuracy. We also design a face recognition system along with the registering procedure to handle online registration. Furthermore, we introduce a new evaluation protocol to better evaluate the performance of an algorithm for real-world scenarios. Under our proposed protocol, our method can achieve a 22\% accuracy improvement on the LFW dataset.
Detection of Arginine Dimethylated Peptides by Parallel Precursor Ion Scanning Mass Spectrometry in Positive Ion Mode (2003)

Dimethylation at arginine residues has been shown to be central in cellular processes such as signal transduction, transcription activation, and protein sorting. The two methyl groups are either placed symmetric or asymmetric on the zeta standing nitrogen atoms of the arginine side chain. Here, we introduce a novel method that enables the localization of dimethylarginine (DMA) residues in gel-separated proteins at a level of sensitivity of better than 1 pmol and that allows one to distinguish between the isomeric symmetric and asymmetric position of the methyl groups. The method utilizes two side-chain fragments of DMA, the dimethylammonium ion (m/z 46.06) and the dimethylcarbodiimidium ion (m/z 71.06), for positive ion mode precursor ion scanning. Dimethylcarbodiimidium ions (m/z 71.06) are produced by symmetric as well as asymmetric dimethylarginine but are observed more strongly for symmetric DMA. It is utilized here in the precursor of m/z 71 scan to indicate the presence of DMA in a peptide. The dimethylammonium ion (m/z 46.06) is specific for asymmetric DMA and is utilized here in the precursor of m/z 46 scan. The positive ion mode allows for the identification of the protein by peptide sequencing and simultaneous detection and localization of the modified residues. The analysis can be conducted on any mass spectrometer capable of precursor ion scanning. However, the high resolution of a quadrupole TOF instrument is beneficial to assign the accurate charge state of the often highly charged precursors. Using the precursor of m/z 71 scan, we found FUS/TLS and Sam68 to be DMA-containing proteins. We discovered at least 20 DMA sites in FUS/TLS. In MS/MS, we observed neutral loss of dimethylamine (m/z 45.05) from which it follows that the dimethylation in FUS/TLS is asymmetric. Monitoring in parallel the fragments m/z 46.06 and 71.06 in precursor ion scans and peptide sequencing, we identified at least nine asymmetric DMA modifications in Sam68. The parallel monitoring of fragments in precursor ion scans is a versatile tool to specify the nature of protein modifications in cases where a single fragment is not conclusive.
An inverse face-centered cubic phase formed by diacylglycerol-phosphatidylcholine mixtures (1990)

Fully hydrated unsaturated diacylglycerol-phosphatidylcholine mixtures are found to adopt an inverse face-centered cubic phase, of crystallographic cubic aspect 15. The same behavior is observed for either the 1,2- or 1,3-isomer of the diacylglycerol. This Q15 cubic phase, of probable space group Fd3m (Q227), occurs between an inverse hexagonal (HII) phase and an inverse micellar (L2) solution, with increasing diacylglycerol concentration, which implies that the mean curvature of the interface is more negative than that of the HII phase. This behavior is quite different from that of the more usual bicontinuous inverse cubic phases Pn3m (Q224), Im3m (Q229), and Ia3d (Q230), which normally occur between the lamellar L alpha and the HII phases. One possible structure for the Fd3m cubic phase has recently been proposed (Mariani, P., Luzzati, V., & Delacroix, H. (1988) J. Mol. Biol. 204, 165-189), consisting of tetrahedrally arranged clusters of inverse micelles surrounded by a continuous cage of tetrahedrally connected water/lipid (inverse) channels.
Variation in buoyant density of whole cells and isolated cell walls of Streptococcus faecium (ATCC 9790) (1989)

The buoyant density of whole cells of Streptococcus faecium varies with growth rate and during the cell cycle. Two possible explanations for this were explored: (i) the density of cell walls may vary, and (ii) the proportions of wall and cytoplasm may vary. We tested the first possibility by isolating walls from chilled, unfixed populations of S. faecium cells and fractionating them on Percoll density gradients. Mean cell wall density averaged 4% less than whole-cell density and did not vary significantly with growth rate. In addition, walls isolated from heavy and light fractions of a population of cells did not differ significantly in density. Thus, variation in the density of isolated cell walls could not account for the observed variation in whole-cell density within or between populations. Using previously published measurements of the physical dimensions of S. faecium cells, we also found that the relative proportions of wall and cytoplasm (see the second possibility above) could not account for the observed changes in whole-cell buoyant density.
Oxidation of hydrazine derivatives. Part I. Oxidation of phenyl-hydrazine with lead tetra-acetate (1969)

The oxidation of phenylhydrazine with lead tetra-acetate in the solvents benzene, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, and dichloromethane has been investigated. At low temperatures in dichloromethane the benzenediazonium ion was formed. At room temperature, benzene, azobenzene, biphenyl, and, where aromatic solvents were used, biaryls, were isolated and identified. The formation of these products can be explained in terms of the formation of phenyldi-imide and its subsequent homolytic and heterolytic breakdown.
Active nonlocal metasurfaces (2020)

Abstract Actively tunable and reconfigurable wavefront shaping by optical metasurfaces poses a significant technical challenge often requiring unconventional materials engineering and nanofabrication. Most wavefront‐shaping metasurfaces can be considered “local” in that their operation depends on the responses of individual meta‐units. In contrast, “nonlocal” metasurfaces function based on the modes supported by many adjacent meta‐units, resulting in sharp spectral features but typically no spatial control of the outgoing wavefront. Recently, nonlocal metasurfaces based on quasi‐bound states in the continuum have been shown to produce designer wavefronts only across the narrow bandwidth of the supported Fano resonance. Here, we leverage the enhanced light‐matter interactions associated with sharp Fano resonances to explore the active modulation of optical spectra and wavefronts by refractive‐index tuning and mechanical stretching. We experimentally demonstrate proof‐of‐principle thermo‐optically tuned nonlocal metasurfaces made of silicon and numerically demonstrate nonlocal metasurfaces that thermo‐optically switch between distinct wavefront shapes. This meta‐optics platform for thermally reconfigurable wavefront shaping requires neither unusual materials and fabrication nor active control of individual meta‐units.
A Dynamically Reconfigurable Weakly Programmable Processor Array Architecture Template. (2006)

As modern areas of application for coarse-grained reconfigurable systems digital signal processing, multimedia in embedded devices, and wireless communication can be mentioned among others. These fields include different algorithms with varying complexity and speed requirements. In this paper a new highly parameterizable coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture called weakly programmable processor array is discussed. It consists of several weakly programmable processing elements with a VLIW (Very Large Instruction Word) architecture which are connected with the help of dynamically reconfigurable interconnect modules.
Neurotrophins, Growth Factors and Mimetic Agents as Neuroprotectors in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (1997)

Recent advances in understanding the action of growth factors on neurons have provided the opportunity for development of new strategies treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Hefti, 1994; Tuszynski and Gage, 1994). Since the original description of nerve growth factor (NGF) by Levi-Montalcini et al. (1995), the immutability of the mature central nervous system has been successfully challenged. The number of growth factors affecting neuronal cells has expanded from NGF to include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and insulinlike growth factors (IGF).
Some Biochemical Correlates of Panic Attacks with Agoraphobia and Their Response to a New Treatment (1984)

Thirty-two patients with chronic debilitating agoraphobia and panic attacks participated in a comparative study of the triazolobenzodiazepine alprazolam and the anti-inflammatory agent ibuprofen. After a 2-week placebo washout period, patients were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of treatment with alprazolam (2 to 6 mg/day) or ibuprofen (0.8 to 2.4 g/day). Medication was identically packaged and patients were blind to the treatment condition, but investigators were aware of which medication was dispensed. Alprazolam recipients (mean daily dose: 5.4 mg) improved markedly with respect to physician and patient global rating of disease severity, frequency and severity of panic attacks, and phobic anxiety target symptoms on the 90-Item Hopkins Symptom Check List. Ibuprofen recipients (mean daily dose: 2.13 g) experienced significantly less clinical improvement than patients on alprazolam. After 8 weeks of treatment, ibuprofen patients were crossed over to alprazolam, while the original alprazolam group continued on that drug. The daily dosage ceiling was increased to 10 mg. In the ensuing 4 weeks (mean daily alprazolam dose: 6.3 mg), all patients achieved comparably marked clinical improvement relative to baseline. Pretreatment plasma concentrations of platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin--two measures of platelet turnover and release--were significantly elevated in patients relative to normal controls. The elevated platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin normalized during treatment with both drugs. Alprazolam appears to produce rapid and specific clinical improvement in patients with severe agoraphobia and panic attacks and deserves further evaluation under double-blind conditions.
Electrochemistry and Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of 3,6-Di(spirobifluorene)-<i>N</i>-phenylcarbazole (2007)

We report here the electrochemistry, luminescence, and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of 3,6-dispirobifluorene-N-phenylcarbazole (DSBFNPC). DSBFNPC contains two spirobifluorene groups covalently attached to the N-phenylcarbazole core. The optimized geometry as determined from semiempirical MNDO calculations shows that the phenyl group is twisted 89 degrees from the plane of central carbazole, indicating a lack of electron delocalization between these groups. However, the two fluorene rings of each spirobifluorene group are twisted 58 degrees relative to each other and two spirobifluorene groups are twisted 64 degrees from the N-phenylcarbazole ring, suggesting some charge delocalization among these groups. The cyclic voltammetry of this compound shows two reversible oxidation waves (assigned to the formation of the cation and dication) and a two-electron reduction wave that becomes reversible at higher scan rates (assigned to formation of anion). Digital simulations were carried out to obtain details of the electrochemical processes, and electrochemical behavior was compared to that of phenylcarbazole (PC). Upon cycling between the oxidation and reduction waves, ECL is produced by radical ion annihilation. The photophysical properties of DSBFNPC show a strong resemblance to the parent compound, PC, and the ECL spectrum produced via radical ion annihilation shows good agreement with the fluorescence emission spectrum of DSBFNPC.
SENSING HARD PAN DEPTH WITH GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR (1990)

ABSTRACT An experiment was performed in soil bins to determine if ground-penetrating radar (GPR) could be used to detect hard pans. Hard pans were formed in two soils at two depths and with two different bulk densities. A penetrometer was also used to determine hard pan depth and for comparison with GPR. Correlations between hard pan depths predicted by each method were very linear and with correlation coefficients near 1.00. Future research could determine if this device can be used effectively in a wide range of soil types to detect hard pan depth and to determine soil density.
Aggregation studies of benzoporphyrin derivative (2001)

The photophysical properties of a ring B benzoporphyrin derivative 1,3-diene dimethylester were investigated in solution (waterDMSO mixtures). At low proportions of water in DMSO, the diester obeys Beer's law at all pH values and ionic strengths investigated. For solvent systems containing more than 30% water, the extent of deviation from Beer's law as a function of porphyrin concentration is attributed to formation of porphyrin dimers. Dimerization equilibrium constants (Kd) have been determined in different percentage of solvent mixtures, using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, and were found to exhibit a linear correlation between log (Kd) and the inverse of the dielectric constant (log (Kd) = 24.6  1060.4 × 1/ε mix ). This equation permits the calculation of Kd in mixtures of waterDMSO.Key words: porphyrins, dimerization, aggregation, fluorescence, benzoporphyrin derivative, photodynamic therapy, photosensitizers.
Cloned and Expressed Rat Ca2+-sensing Receptor (1996)

We have stably expressed cDNA for the rat brain Ca2+ sensing receptor in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Stimulation of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and arachidonic acid (AA) release displayed markedly cooperative responses to Ca2+ with Hill coefficients of 4-5. Both phosphatidylinositol and AA responses were not detected below a threshold of 1.5 mM Ca2+. Mg2+ behaved as a partial agonist with only half the maximal inositol phosphate and AA responses displayed by Ca2+ and with a more shallow concentration-response slope. The potency of Mg2+ in augmenting inositol phosphate and AA responses, in the presence of 1.5 mM Ca2+, implies that serum Mg2+ concentrations attained in clinical conditions will influence the Ca2+-sensing receptor.
Photoelectron microscope for x-ray microscopy and microanalysis (1981)

Synchrotron radiation has recently contributed to the development of high-resolution x-ray microscopy either for biological investigations or for chemical microanalysis. Contact microscopy for this end appears to be particularly useful, but is mainly limited by the detectors that are used. In order to overcome these limitations—i.e., to obtain real time imaging and quantitative information—a study of a photoelectron x-ray microscope is made. Contact configuration is used, but the usual detector is replaced by a thin photocathode. The emitted secondary photoelectrons are then imaged by a suitable emission electron microscope. Problems of photoemission, resolution, and D.Q.E. limitation are discussed. The particular nature of electron lens aberrations, due to photoemission characteristics, is taken into account. The conclusions are that resolutions down to 500 Å can be obtained in certain conditions. A preliminary low- magnification experiment is described and results are shown.
WebView: a tool for retrieving internal structures and extracting information from HTML documents (2003)

HTML is a well-accepted and widely used language for creating platform-independent documents to be posted on the Web, and HTML documents are semistructured in nature according to the HTML specification. We propose a tool, called WebView, which constructs the semistructured data graph (SDG) of an HTML document H to capture the internal structure of data embedded in H and in its (in)directly linked documents. On top of the SDG, WebView provides query processing capability for evaluating SQL-like queries that are posted against the SDG, i.e., the source document(s), for extracting information from the SDG. Existing methods for extracting structured information from certain HTML documents with static internal structure, such as wrappers and integrators for data warehousing, can benefit from WebView.
Interaction between Heat Pump Water Heaters or Other Internal Point Source Loads and a Central Heating System (2017)

Water heating represents approximately 18% of residential energy consumption, or 4.6 quadrillion Btus of source energy use annually (EIA 2009). Heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) offer an efficient option for residential water heating, with the ability to reduce water heating energy consumption by up to 63%. Previous research has demonstrated the laboratory performance of HPWHs and has shown savings of 43 to 62% on water heating energy consumption are possible, based on field tests (Ecotope 2015). In order to achieve such high efficiencies, HPWHs employ a refrigeration cycle to move heat from the ambient air into the water. Therefore, when HPWHs are installed in conditioned space, they will remove heat from that space which can help the HVAC system in the cooling season and require additional energy from the HVAC system in the heating season. This project provides an unbiased evaluation of the space conditioning interactions between a HPWH and the heating system in several locations throughout the home to further our understanding of the impact that HPWHs have on space conditioning loads. This report explores the HPWH interaction factor from several perspectives: (1) a theoretical analysis, (2) a review of previous literature, and (2) an experimental assessment. The experiments were conducted in PNNL’s side-by-side Lab Homes, which provide a platform for evaluating energy-saving and grid-responsive technologies in a controlled environment. The PNNL Lab Homes are two factory-built homes installed on PNNL’s campus in Richland, Washington. The homes represent existing homes, which account for approximately 99% of occupied homes in the U.S. These 1500 ft2 homes have three bedrooms, two bathrooms, and are equipped with 7.7 HSPF heat pump and an electric forced air furnace. Both homes have R-22 floors, R-11 walls and R-22 ceiling insulation levels, with double-pane clear glass windows. The results of this experiment verified that the energy use of the HVAC system increases as a point source cooling load, like a HPWH, is moved closer to the thermostat. The opposite is also true, as a point source heating load is moved closer to the thermostat, the heating load decreases. The results show between 30-40% difference between the interaction that this type of load has when it is placed in the master bathroom compared to the living room for the PNNL Lab Homes.
Introduction (1980)

Ters Mireille. Introduction. In: Bulletin de l'Association française pour l'étude du quaternaire, vol. 17, n°1-2, 1980. pp. 8-10.
Three-dimensional image reconstruction of fluorescence micrographs without knowing the point spread function (1993)

The term blind deconvolution refers to the deconvolution, or deblurring, of a signal (optical, sound, or other) without explicit knowledge of the point spread function (PSF). The PSF is, instead, reconstructed concurrently with the deblurred signal from the collected, noisy data. Blind deconvolution methodologies have been under study for general signal processing applications, such as in restoring phonographs, as early as 1968. Ayers and Dainty have performed pioneering blind deconvolution research for deblurring 2D images, which has been applied to astronomy. Inspired by this earlier blind deconvolution research, we have taken a new approach which is based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Our approach is extended from previous research in applying MLE to positron-emission tomography (PET). A novelty of our research is in the application of MLE and blind deconvolution to 2D and 3D fluorescence microscopy. The fundamental advantage of the MLE approach over some of the other blind deconvolution approaches is that it is a mathematical optimization approach, wherein the likelihood functional of the collected image data, the fluorescence probe concentration and the PSF is maximized.