gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chewing side, bite force symmetry, and occlusal contact area of subjects with different facial vertical patterns (2011)

Craniofacial dimensions influence oral functions; however, it is not known whether they are associated with function asymmetry. The objective of this study was to evaluate chewing side preference and lateral asymmetry of occlusal contact area and bite force of individuals with different craniofacial patterns. Seventy-eight dentate subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the VERT index as follows: (1) mesofacial, (2) brachyfacial and (3) dolichofacial. Chewing side preference was evaluated using jaw tracking equipment, occlusal contact area was measured by silicon registration of posterior teeth, and bite force was measured unilaterally on molar regions using 2.25 mm-thick sensors. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA on Ranks, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney tests at a 5% significance level. Mesofacial, brachyfacial, and dolichofacial subjects presented more occlusal contact area on the left side. Only dolichofacial subjects showed lateral asymmetry for bite force, presenting higher force on the left side. No statistically significant differences were found for chewing side preference among all groups. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that craniofacial dimensions play a role in asymmetry of bite force. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01286363.
Improved Syntheses of N<sup>ε</sup>-Tert-butyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine and Nα-Benzyloxycarbonyl-N<sup>ε</sup>-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-I-lysine (1981)

Abstract Nε-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine [4, H-Lys(BOC)-OH] and Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-Nε-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine [7, Z-Lys-(BOC)-OH] are valuable intermediates for peptide syntheses. They have been employed in, among others, solid-phase and/or solution syntheses of nonadecapeptide1 and tetracosapeptide2 segments of ACTH, of somatostatin3–5 and of human β-endorphin.6 We recently had the need to prepare substantial quantities of compounds 4 and 7. The reported syntheses of these materials, due mainly to the groups of Zervas,7,8 Schwyzer9 and Wünsch,10 are plagued by low11,12 and, in our hands, often irreproducable yields. In addition, dangerous and/or obnoxious reagents (e.g., tert-butyl-
Recovery of Lactose from Aqueous Solutions: Precipitation with Manganese (II) Chloride and Sodium Hydroxide (1981)

Addition of sodium hydroxide to solutions containing lactose and manganese (II) chloride precipitated insoluble manganese hydroxide and lactose as a complex or adduct. Maximum lactose precipitation occurred at molar ratios sodium hydroxide to manganese chloride 2.0 and manganese chloride to lactose 4.0 with 55% yield. Apparent oxidation of manganese(lI) did not affect the amount of lactose precipitated. Analysis by response surface methodology confirmed the location of the maximum but was unable to elucidate the precise nature of the relationship between variables. The amount of complex and lactose precipitated may be a function of the relative insolubility of the metal hydroxide and the solubility of the adduct.
[Comparison of liver abscess between diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients]. (2005)

K. pneumoniae was the most common organism cultured in both diabetic and non-diabetic liver abscess. Gas forming liver abscess was more common in diabetic patients than non-diabetic patients. Diabetic patients had more complications than non-diabetic patients.
Transgenic mice overexpressing human KvLQT1 dominant-negative isoform Part II: Pharmacological profile (2001)

We conclude that KvLQT1-invalidated TG mice discriminates in vivo drugs that blocks I(Kr) from drugs that block the transient outward current, the sodium current or the calcium current.
Signaling pathways critical for allergic airway inflammation (2010)

Analysis of genetically engineered mice and biochemical studies continue to help unravel the molecular pathways that drive allergic inflammatory reactions. The knowledge acquired may lead to novel approaches for suppressing allergic inflammation.
Moving network support and QoS control for UMTS networks (2005)

UMTS, a third-generation mobile communications system, has the feature of a high rate in the wireless link and is expected to provide various services. When the rate of the wireless link is raised, it is expected that the communications configuration will be expanded to one in which multiple terminals share a radio bearer through a mobile node, rather than the communications configuration in which each mobile terminal occupies a radio bearer. UMTS manages packet communications via the PDP context. A mechanism is established in which the QoS is controlled for each bearer, which is defined for each PDP context. However, the communications configuration in which multiple users on a bearer communicate with different counterparts with various QoS conditions is not considered. This paper proposes to integrate packet communications from multiple terminals of a UMTS network on a radio bearer with QoS control. By integrating the radio bearer, the handover processing load can be reduced. It is also shown that the proposed QoS control is effective in reducing transport delay. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 88(5): 28–38, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20163
Researching into the cellular shape, volume and elasticity of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells by atomic force microscopy (2007)

Within the bone lie several different cell types, including osteoblasts (OBs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The MSCs are ideal targets for regenerative medicine of bone due to their differentiation potential towards OBs. Human MSCs exhibit two distinct morphologies: rapidly self-renewing cells (RS) and flat cells (FC) with very low proliferation rates. Another cell type found in pathological bone conditions is osteosarcoma. In this study, we compared the topographic and morphometric features of RS and FC cells, human OBs and MG63 osteosarcoma cells by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results demonstrated clear differences: FC and hOB cells showed similar ruffled topography, whereas RS and MG63 cells exhibited smoother surfaces. Furthermore, we investigated how selected substrates influence cell morphometry. We found that RS and MG63 cells were flatter on fibrous substrates such as polystyrene and collagen I, but much more rounded on glass, the smoothest surface. In contrast, cells with large area, namely FC and hOB cells, did not exhibit pronounced changes in flatness with regards to the different substrates. They were, however, remarkably flatter in comparison to RS and MG63 cells. We could explain the differences in flatness by the extent of adhesion. Indeed, FC and hOB cells showed much higher content of focal adhesions. Finally, we used the AFM to determine the cellular Young's modulus. RS, FC and hOB cells showed comparable stiffness on the three different substrates, while MG63 cells demonstrated the unique feature of increased elasticity on collagen I. In summary, our results show, for the first time, a direct comparison between the morphometric and biophysical features of different human cell types derived from normal and pathological bone. Our study manifests the opinion that along with RNA, proteomic and functional research, morphological and biomechanical characterization of cells also reveals novel cell features and interrelationships.
Laser dynamic forming of functional materials laminated composites on patterned three-dimensional surfaces with applications on flexible microelectromechanical systems (2009)

Laser dynamic forming (LDF) is a three-dimensional (3D) forming technique, which utilizes laser to induce shock wave and shape the target thin films onto micro/nanoscale 3D surfaces. This technique has been used to form metals on 3D surfaces. This letter extends LDF to functional and brittle materials sandwiched by elastomeric polymers on patterned 3D surface. The elastomeric polymers absorb the shock energy and minimize the degradation of the functional materials. The patterned 3D surfaces control the plasticity in the structure and therefore retain the function of the structure. The performance was evaluated and mechanisms were studied.
A statistical constraint dependency grammar (CDG) parser (2004)

CDG represents a sentence's grammatical structure as assignments of dependency relations to functional variables associated with each word in the sentence. In this paper, we describe a statistical CDG (SCDG) parser that performs parsing incrementally and evaluate it on the Wall Street Journal Penn Treebank. Using a tight integration of multiple knowledge sources, together with distance modeling and synergistic dependencies, this parser achieves a parsing accuracy comparable to several state-of-the-art context-free grammar (CFG) based statistical parsers using a dependency-based evaluation metric. Factors contributing to the SCDG parser's performance are analyzed.
Infrared ion spectroscopy inside a mass‐selective cryogenic 2D linear ion trap (2017)

We demonstrate operation of the first cryogenic 2D linear ion trap (LIT) with mass-selective capabilities. This trap presents a number of advantages for infrared ion "action" spectroscopy studies, particularly those employing the "tagging/messenger" spectroscopy approach. The high trapping efficiencies, trapping capacities, and low detection limits make 2D LITs a highly suitable choice for low-concentration analytes from scarce biological samples. In our trap, ions can be cooled down to cryogenic temperatures to achieve higher-resolution infrared spectra, and individual ions can be mass selected prior to irradiation for a background-free photodissociation scheme. Conveniently, multiple tagged analyte ions can be mass isolated and efficiently irradiated in the same experiment, allowing their infrared spectra to be recorded in parallel. This multiplexed approach is critical in terms of increasing the duty cycle of infrared ion spectroscopy, which is currently a key weakness of the technique. The compact design of this instrument, coupled with powerful mass selection capabilities, set the stage for making cryogenic infrared ion spectroscopy viable as a bioanalytical tool in small molecule identification.
A right to be concerned (2003)

Health Ministers, so I am reliably informed, are very concerned at present. They have every right to be so. It has apparently, and finally, dawned on them that the Brown billions are funding little more than deficits. Meanwhile, the epidemic of targets and the approach of some key milestones almost guarantee that some will be missed.
Association Between the Rat Homologue of CO-029, a Metastasis-associated Tetraspanin Molecule and Consumption Coagulopathy (1998)

Recently, we have described a panel of metastasis-associated antigens in the rat, i.e., of molecules expressed on metastasizing, but not on nonmetastasizing tumor lines. One of these molecules, recognized by the monoclonal antibody D6.1 and named accordingly D6. 1A, was found to be abundantly expressed predominantly on mesenchyme-derived cells. The DNA of the antigen has been isolated and cloned. Surprisingly, the gene product proved to interfere strongly with coagulation. The 1.182-kb cDNA codes for a 235-amino acid long molecule with a 74.2% homology in the nucleotide and a 70% homology in the amino acid sequence to CO-029, a human tumor-associated molecule. According to the distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids, D6.1A belongs to the tetraspanin superfamily. Western blotting of D6.1A-positive metastasizing tumor lines revealed that the D6.1A, like many tetraspanin molecules, is linked to further membrane molecules, one of which could be identified as alpha6beta1 integrin. Transfection of a low-metastasizing tumor cell line with D6.1A cDNA resulted in increased metastatic potential and provided a clue as to the functional role of D6.1A. We noted massive bleeding around the metastases and, possibly as a consequence, local infarctions predominantly in the mesenteric region and all signs of a consumption coagulopathy. By application of the D6.1 antibody the coagulopathy was counterregulated, though not prevented. It has been known for many years that tumor growth and progression is frequently accompanied by thrombotic disorders. Our data suggest that the phenomenon could well be associated with the expression of tetraspanin molecules.
3D LoginFor More Secure Authentication (2014)

3D password is nothing but a multifactor authentication scheme. Authentication is a necessary element need to provide to any system as it leads to provide more security to that system. But current authentication techniques have some limitations and weaknesses. They are textual passwords, biometric authentications, graphical passwords, etc. These techniques do not satisfy the security concern regarding authentication scheme completely. A new improved authentication technique is used to overcome the drawbacks of previously existing techniques, which is called as 3D password. In this technique, 3D password is created with help of 3D virtual environment. 3D virtual environment is just a user interface provided to the scheme which looks like same as real environment. 3D virtual environment is consisting of real time object scenarios. User navigates inside the 3D virtual environment and user’s interactions towards the objects construct the user’s 3D password. This scheme is hard to break and easy to use and also for user, it is easy to remember the 3D password. As 3D password is advanced authentication scheme, it is more secure authentication scheme than any other authentication techniques. In this paper, we present and evaluate our contribution towards 3D Login to the E-mail client system with the help of 3D password to become more secure and more user-friendly to the users. This paper also explains the concept about what is the 3D password, how the Working of 3D password scheme is done, some concepts related to 3D password, applications of the scheme.
Rational Design, Synthesis, Evaluation, and Crystal Structure of a Potent Inhibitor of Human GAR Tfase:  10-(Trifluoroacetyl)-5,10-dideazaacyclic-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic Acid<sup>,</sup> (2003)

Glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR Tfase) has been the target of anti-neoplastic intervention for almost two decades. Here, we use a structure-based approach to design a novel folate analogue, 10-(trifluoroacetyl)-5,10-dideazaacyclic-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (10-CF(3)CO-DDACTHF, 1), which specifically inhibits recombinant human GAR Tfase (K(i) = 15 nM), but is inactive (K(i) > 100 microM) against other folate-dependent enzymes that have been examined. Moreover, compound 1 is a potent inhibitor of tumor cell proliferation (IC(50) = 16 nM, CCRF-CEM), which represents a 10-fold improvement over Lometrexol, a GAR Tfase inhibitor that has been in clinical trials. Thus, this folate analogue 1 is among the most potent and selective inhibitors known toward GAR Tfase. Contributing to its efficacious activity, compound 1 is effectively transported into the cell by the reduced folate carrier and intracellularly sequestered by polyglutamation. The crystal structure of human GAR Tfase with folate analogue 1 at 1.98 A resolution represents the first structure of any GAR Tfase to be determined with a cofactor or cofactor analogue without the presence of substrate. The folate-binding loop of residues 141-146, which is highly flexible in both Escherichia coli and unliganded human GAR Tfase structures, becomes highly ordered upon binding 1 in the folate-binding site. Computational docking of the natural cofactor into this and other apo or complexed structures provides a rational basis for modeling how the natural cofactor 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acid interacts with GAR Tfase, and suggests that this folate analogue-bound conformation represents the best template to date for inhibitor design.
Therapeutic Synergism of Gemcitabine and CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotides in an Orthotopic Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Xenograft (2005)

CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) exhibit potent immunostimulatory activity by binding with Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Based on the finding that TLR9 is highly expressed and functional in pancreatic tissue, we evaluated the antitumor effects of chemotherapy combined with CpG-ODNs in the orthotopic mouse model of a human pancreatic tumor xenograft. Chemotherapy consisted of the maximum tolerated dose of gemcitabine (i.v., 100 mg/kg, q3dx4). CpG-ODNs were delivered (i.p., 20 microg/mouse), weekly, after the end of chemotherapy. CpG-ODNs alone had little effect on tumor growth, whereas gemcitabine alone significantly delayed the median time of disease onset (palpable i.p. tumor) and of bulky disease development (extensive peritoneal tumor burden), but did not enhance survival time. When the gemcitabine regimen was followed by administration of the immunostimulator, development of bulky disease was delayed, survival time was significantly improved (median survival time, 106 days; P < 0.02 versus gemcitabine-treated mice). Autoptic examination showed that tumor spread in the peritoneal cavity was reduced to a greater extent than with gemcitabine alone. All treatment regimens were well-tolerated. The use of nude mice excluded a T cell-mediated immune response, whereas the high pancreatic expression of TLR9 might have contributed to the tumor response. The clear improvement of survival observed in an orthotopic murine model of human pancreatic cancer by the combined use of CpG-ODNs with chemotherapy suggests the promise of this therapeutic regimen in the clinical setting.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Reduction of Mixed Copper‐Aluminum Oxide. (1990)

Abstract Mixed Cu‐Al oxides prepared by the citrate process are found to consist of CuO, Al 2 O 3 , and CuAl 2 O 4 , the content of the latter increasing with increasing calcination temperature.
Study of atrial arrhythmias in a computer model based on magnetic resonance images of human atria (2002)

The maintenance of multiple wavelets appears to be a consistent feature of atrial fibrillation (AF). In this paper, we investigate possible mechanisms of initiation and perpetuation of multiple wavelets in a computer model of AF. We developed a simplified model of human atria that uses an ionic-based membrane model and whose geometry is derived from a segmented magnetic resonance imaging data set. The three-dimensional surface has a realistic size and includes obstacles corresponding to the location of major vessels and valves, but it does not take into account anisotropy. The main advantage of this approach is its ability to simulate long duration arrhythmias (up to 40 s). Clinically relevant initiation protocols, such as single-site burst pacing, were used. The dynamics of simulated AF were investigated in models with different action potential durations and restitution properties, controlled by the conductance of the slow inward current in a modified Luo-Rudy model. The simulation studies show that (1) single-site burst pacing protocol can be used to induce wave breaks even in tissue with uniform membrane properties, (2) the restitution-based wave breaks in an atrial model with realistic size and conduction velocities are transient, and (3) a significant reduction in action potential duration (even with apparently flat restitution) increases the duration of AF. (c) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
Effects of dynorphin A (1-17) on motor function and spinal intracellular messenger systems in rat. (1996)

The effect of intrathecal injection of dynorphin A (1-17) on second messenger systems of spinal cord relative to behavioral change in rats was studied. Dynorphin A (1-17) 5, 10 (20 nmol) caused dose-dependent flaccid paralysis of hindlimbs. Dynorphin A (1-17) 10, 20 nmol dose-dependently decreased spinal adenylate cyclase (AC) activity, cyclic AMP production, calmodulin (CaM) level and cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity 10 min after intrathecal injection. They recovered to a varying extent two hours later. Pretreatment with selective kappa-opioid receptor antagonist nor-BNI 30 nmol 10 min before dynorphin A (1-17) markedly antagonized the effects of dynorphin A (1-17) at 20 nmol on hindlimb paralysis and inhibition of intracellular second messengers. The L-type calcium channel blocker verapamil (100 nmol) also played a role in blocking dynorphin neurotoxicity. The NMDA receptor antagonist APV could partially or completely block dynorphin inhibition of CaM level and PDE activity without affecting paralysis and decrease of AC-cAMP level induced by dynorphin A (1-17) 10 min after intrathecal injection.
Kinetics of toxA and regA mRNA accumulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1988)

DNA probes specific for an internal portion of the toxA and regA genes were used to examine the synthesis of mRNA during the growth cycle of P. aeruginosa PA103. RNA dot blot analysis revealed that in a low-iron growth medium, the synthesis of regA and toxA mRNA followed a biphasic expression pattern. Analysis of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity also indicated that an early and late phase of exotoxin A synthesis occurred. Utilizing an internal SalI probe, examination of the size distribution of the regA mRNA during the cell cycle indicated that a large transcript (T1) was present at early time points, followed by the appearance of a smaller transcript (T2) during late exponential to early stationary phase. An upstream AvaI regA probe was found to hybridize to the T1 transcript but not to the T2 transcript. The data indicate that at least two separate functional regA mRNA species were produced. Analysis of mRNA accumulation for the regA gene when cells were grown in high-iron medium provided additional evidence for two separately controlled transcripts being produced from the regA chromosomal locus. Both regA transcripts were correlated with exotoxin A transcription and production.
Engineering Chemistry of Electrospun Nanofibers and Interfaces in Nanocomposites for Superior Mechanical Properties (2010)

The novelty of this work is based on designing the chemistry of the electrospun nanofibers, so that the resultant composites substantially benefit from cross-linking between the nanofibers and the polymer matrix. Specifically, the solution of in-house synthesized copolymers polystyrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate P(St-co-GMA) is electrospun to produce mats of surface reactive nano-to-submicron scale fibers that are accompanied later by spraying over the ethylenediamine (EDA) as a supplementary cross-linking agent for epoxy. The P(St-co-GMA)/EDA fiber mats are then embedded into an epoxy resin. Analysis of the three-point-bending mode of the composites reveals that the storage modulus of P(St-co-GMA)/EDA nanofiber-reinforced epoxy are about 10 and 2.5 times higher than that of neat and P(St-co-GMA) nanofiber-reinforced epoxy, respectively, even though the weight fraction of the nanofibers was as low as 2 wt %. The significant increase in the mechanical response is attributed to the inherently cross-linked fiber structure and the surface modification/chemistry of the electrospun fibers, that results in cross-linked polymer matrix-nanofiber interfacial bonding.