gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visible to Near-Infrared Light Harvesting in TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube Array−P3HT Based Heterojunction Solar Cells (2009)

The development of high-efficiency solid-state excitonic photovoltaic solar cells compatible with solution processing techniques is a research area of intense interest, with the poor optical harvesting in the red and near-IR (NIR) portion of the solar spectrum a significant limitation to device performance. Herein we present a solid-state solar cell design, consisting of TiO2 nanotube arrays vertically oriented from the FTO-coated glass substrate, sensitized with unsymmetrical squaraine dye (SQ-1) that absorbs in the red and NIR portion of solar spectrum, and which are uniformly infiltrated with p-type regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) that absorbs higher energy photons. Our solid-state solar cells exhibit broad, near-UV to NIR, spectral response with external quantum yields of up to 65%. Under UV filtered AM 1.5G of 90 mW/cm2 intensity we achieve typical device photoconversion efficiencies of 3.2%, with champion device efficiencies of 3.8%.
Oligotrophic Bacterioplankton with a Novel Single-Cell Life Strategy (2004)

A large fraction of the marine bacterioplankton community is unable to form colonies on agar surfaces, which so far no experimental evidence can explain. Here we describe a previously undescribed growth behavior of three non-colony-forming oligotrophic bacterioplankton, including a SAR11 cluster representative, the world's most abundant organism. We found that these bacteria exhibit a behavior that promotes growth and dispersal instead of colony formation. Although these bacteria do not form colonies on agar, it was possible to monitor growth on the surface of seawater agar slides containing a fluorescent stain, 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Agar slides were prepared by pouring a solution containing 0.7% agar and 0.5 micro g of DAPI per ml in seawater onto glass slides. Prompt dispersal of newly divided cells explained the inability to form colonies since immobilized cells (cells immersed in agar) formed microcolonies. The behavior observed suggests a life strategy intended to optimize access of individual cells to substrates. Thus, the inability to form colonies or biofilms appears to be part of a K-selected population strategy in which oligotrophic bacteria explore dissolved organic matter in seawater as single cells.
Particle Size Distributions from Static Light Scattering with Regularized Non-Negative Least Squares Constraints (2006)

Simulated data from static light scattering produced by several particle size distributions (PSD) of spherical particles in dilute solution is analyzed with a regularized non-negative least squares method (r-NNLS). Strong fluctuations in broad PSD's obtained from direct application of NNLS are supressed through an averaging procedure, as introduced long ago in the inversion problem in dynamic light scattering. A positive correlation between the best PSD obtained from several averaging schemes and the condition number of the respective data transfer matrices was obtained. The performance of the method is found to be similar to that of constrained regularization (CONTIN), which uses also NNLS as a starting solution, but incorporates another regularizing strategy.
Should Perimenopausal Women Be Screened for Osteoporosis? (1986)

The increasing availability of noninvasive methods for measuring bone mass raises the issue of whether perimenopausal women should routinely have such measurements to identify those at risk for osteoporotic fractures of the hip, wrist, and spine. Although the mortality and morbidity caused by hip fractures would warrant routine screening, measurement of bone mass has uncertain value in assessing the risk for hip fracture. Wrist fractures generally cause only transient disability, and measurement of bone mass may not reliably predict risk. Measurements of bone density of the spine might be better able to assess a woman's risk for vertebral fractures, but the value of screening depends on whether the findings would affect a woman's decision about using estrogen therapy after menopause. Serial measurements of bone mass to estimate a woman's rate of bone loss are relatively imprecise, increase the cost of screening, and have at best a limited role in screening women to assess risk for osteoporotic fractures.
Introduction of a measurement system to monitor the condition of ZnO surge arresters (2002)

Optical fibers present an ideal transmitting medium for high voltage measurements; they offer electrical isolation from the high voltage source and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Severe electromagnetic interference can occur in the measurement of high voltages and high currents. Fiber-optic links are totally immune to these affects and hence are being used extensively in these measurements. A measurement system based on fiber-optic technology is designed to measure the leakage current and system voltage in high voltage surge arresters. In this paper, this measurement system and its application as an on-line condition monitoring for ZnO surge arresters are discussed.
Minimizing charging delay in wireless rechargeable sensor networks (2013)

As a pioneering experimental platform of wireless rechargeable sensor networks, the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) is an open-source platform that integrates sensing and computation capabilities to the traditional RFID tags. Different from traditional tags, a RFID-based wireless rechargeable sensor node needs to charge its onboard energy storage above a threshold in order to power its sensing, computation and communication components. Consequently, such charging delay imposes a unique design challenge for deploying wireless rechargeable sensor networks. In this paper, we tackle this problem by planning the optimal movement strategy of the RFID reader, such that the time to charge all nodes in the network above their energy threshold is minimized. We first propose an optimal solution using the linear programming method. To further reduce the computational complexity, we then introduce a heuristic solution with a provable approximation ratio of (1 + θ)/(1 - ε) by discretizing the charging power on a two-dimensional space. Through extensive evaluations, we demonstrate that our design outperforms the set-cover-based design by an average of 24.7% while the computational complexity is O((N/ε) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ).
Development of an Esophagus Acellular Matrix Tissue Scaffold (2006)

A cell-extraction protocol yielding an esophagus acellular matrix (EAM) scaffold for use in tissue engineering of an esophagus, including hypotonic lysis, multiple detergent cell extraction steps, and nucleic acid digestion, was developed in a rat model. Histological techniques, burst pressure studies, in vitro esophageal epithelial cell seeding, and in vivo implantation were used to assess cell extraction, extracellular matrix (ECM) preservation, and biocompatibility. Microscopy demonstrated that cell extraction protocols using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (0.5%, wt/vol) as a detergent resulted in cell-free EAM with retained ECM protein collagen, elastin, laminin, and fibronectin. Burst pressure studies indicated a loss of tensile strength in EAMs, but at intraluminal pressures that were unlikely to affect in vivo application. In vitro cell seeding studies exhibited epithelial cell proliferation with stratification similar to native esophagi after 11 days, and subcutaneously implanted EAMs displayed neovascularization and a minimal inflammatory response after 30 days of implantation. This study presents an esophagus acellular matrix tissue scaffold with preserved ECM proteins, biomechanical properties, and the ability to support esophageal cell proliferation to serve as the foundation for a tissue-engineered esophagus.
IMPROVEMENT OF T-PA PROPERTIES BY MEANS OF SITE DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS (1987)

The clinical relevance of tissue-plasminogen-activator (t-PA) as a potent thrombolytic agent has recently been established. It has however been recognized that t-PA does not fulfill all conditions required for an ideal thrombolytic pharmaceutical agent; for example, its physiological stability and its short half life in vivo necessitate the use of very large clinical doses. We have therefore attempted to develop novel mutant t-PA proteins with improved properties by creating mutants by site-directed mutagenesis in M13 bacteriophage. Seventeen mutants were designed, cloned, and expressed in CHO cells. Modifications were of three types: alterations to glycosylation sites, truncations of the N- or C-termini, and amino acids changes at the cleavage site utilized to generate the two chain form of t-PA. The mutant proteins were analyzed in vitro for specific activity, fibrin dependence of the plasminogen activation, fibrin affinity, and susceptibility to inhibition by PAI. In brief, the results are: 1) some unglycosylated and partially glycosylated molecules obtained by mutagenesis are characterized by several-fold higher specific activity than wild type t-PA; 2) truncation at the C-terminus by three amino acids yields a molecule with increased fibrin specificity; 3) mutations at the cleavage site lead zo a decreased inhibition by PAI; and 4) recombinants of these genes have been constructed and the proteins were shown to possess multiple improved properties. The use of site directed mutagenesis has proved to be a powerful instrument to modulate the biological properties of t-PA.
Tamoxifen and toremifene concentrations in plasma are greatly decreased by rifampin* (1998)

Rifampin markedly reduces the plasma concentrations of tamoxifen and toremifene by inducing their CYP3A4-mediated metabolism. Concomitant use of rifampin or other potent inducers of CYP3A4 with tamoxifen and toremifene may reduce the efficacy of these antiestrogens.
Role of gonadal negative feedback on the gonadotrophin responses to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in ram lambs from two lines of sheep selected for their luteinizing hormone response to GnRH (1991)

Divergent selection has resulted in two lines of lambs (high and low) that have a 5-fold difference in their ability to release luteinizing hormone (LH) in response to 5 micrograms of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Baseline gonadotrophin concentrations, the gonadotrophin responses to a GnRH challenge and the concentrations of testosterone and oestradiol were compared in lambs which were castrated at birth and intact lambs from both selection lines at 2, 6, 10 and 20 weeks of age. The pattern of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion was similar in the two lines, but differed between the intact and the castrated lambs. Basal LH and FSH secretion were significantly higher in the castrates than in the intact lambs from both selection lines. The high-line lambs had significantly higher basal FSH concentrations at all ages tested and significantly higher basal LH concentrations during the early postnatal period. The magnitude of the gonadotrophin responses to GnRH differed significantly between the intact and the castrated lambs within each line, the amount of gonadotrophins secreted by the castrated lambs being significantly greater. The removal of gonadal negative feedback by castration did not alter the between-line difference in either LH or the FSH response to the GnRH challenge. Throughout the experimental period, the concentration of testosterone in the intact lambs was significantly greater than in the castrated lambs in both selection lines, but no significant difference was seen in the concentrations of oestradiol. No significant between-line differences were found in the peripheral concentrations of testosterone or oestradiol in the intact lambs from the two selection lines. Therefore, despite similar amounts of gonadal negative feedback in the selection lines, there were significant between-line differences in basal gonadotrophin concentrations, at 2 and 6 weeks of age, and in the LH and FSH responses to an exogenous GnRH challenge, at all ages tested. Removal of gonadal negative feedback did not affect the magnitude of the between-line difference in the response of the lines to GnRH stimulation. The results indicate that the effects of selection on gonadotrophin secretion are primarily at the level of the hypothalamo-pituitary complex.
A GaAs gate heterojunction FET (1984)

A new semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor has been fabricated. The device consists of a heavily doped n-type GaAs gate with undoped (Al,Ga)As as the gate insulator, on an undoped GaAs layer. This structure gives the device a natural threshold voltage near zero, well suited for low-voltage logic. The threshold voltage is, to first order, independent of Al mole fraction and thickness of the (Al,Ga)As layer. The layers were grown by MBE and devices fabricated using a self-aligned technique involving ion-implantation and rapid thermal annealing. A transconductance of 240 mS/mm and a field-effect mobility of about 100 000 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V-s were achieved at 77 K.
Low carbon strategies for sustainable bio-alkane gas production and renewable energy (2020)

Strategy for bio-alkane gas (propane and butane) production through the conversion of waste volatile fatty acids by bacterial cultures.
Covalent Cross-linking of the NC1 Domain of Collagen Type IX to Collagen Type II in Cartilage (2004)

From a study to understand the mechanism of covalent interaction between collagen types II and IX, we present experimental evidence for a previously unrecognized molecular site of cross-linking. The location relative to previously defined cross-linking sites predicts a specific manner of interaction and folding of collagen IX on the surface of nascent collagen II fibrils. The initial evidence came from Western blot analysis of type IX collagen extracted by pepsin from fetal human cartilage, which showed a molecular species that had properties indicating an adduct between the alpha1(II) chain and the C-terminal domain (COL1) of type IX collagen. A similar component was isolated from bovine cartilage in sufficient quantity to confirm this identity by N-terminal sequence analysis. Using an antibody that recognized the putative cross-linking sequence at the C terminus of the alpha1(IX) chain, cross-linked peptides were isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography from proteolytic digests of human cartilage collagen. They were characterized by immunochemistry, N-terminal sequence analysis, and mass spectrometry. The results establish a link between a lysine near the C terminus (in the NC1 domain) of alpha1(IX) and the known cross-linking lysine at residue 930 of the alpha1(II) triple helix. This cross-link is speculated to form early in the process of interaction between collagen IX molecules and collagen II polymers. A model of molecular folding and further cross-linking is predicted that can spatially accommodate the formation of all six known cross-linking interactions to the collagen IX molecule on a fibril surface. Of particular biological significance, this model can accommodate potential interfibrillar as well as intrafibrillar links between the collagen IX molecules themselves, so providing a mechanism whereby collagen IX could stabilize a collagen fibril network.
Orbital forcing of climate 1.4 billion years ago (2015)

Fluctuating climate is a hallmark of Earth. As one transcends deep into Earth time, however, both the evidence for and the causes of climate change become difficult to establish. We report geochemical and sedimentological evidence for repeated, short-term climate fluctuations from the exceptionally well-preserved ∼1.4-billion-year-old Xiamaling Formation of the North China Craton. We observe two patterns of climate fluctuations: On long time scales, over what amounts to tens of millions of years, sediments of the Xiamaling Formation record changes in geochemistry consistent with long-term changes in the location of the Xiamaling relative to the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. On shorter time scales, and within a precisely calibrated stratigraphic framework, cyclicity in sediment geochemical dynamics is consistent with orbital control. In particular, sediment geochemical fluctuations reflect what appear to be orbitally forced changes in wind patterns and ocean circulation as they influenced rates of organic carbon flux, trace metal accumulation, and the source of detrital particles to the sediment.
[Treatment of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis]. (2001)

There is not a standardized definition of rapidly worsening Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Arbitrary, we have designed under this term patients having a very active MS (patients having more than 2 relapses within the last 12 months) or rapid progression of handicap (more than 2 points EDSS progression within the last 12 months). The design of most previous studies using azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate do not fulfill criteria to draw final conclusions as to the efficacy of these drugs as an immunoprophylactic agent in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). During the last five years, efficacy of immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents was provided by some well-designed randomized control clinical trials: among the immunosuppressors, mitoxantrone deserves special consideration as there were three controlled trials in Europe during the two last years that demonstrated strong efficacy both on clinical and MRI criteria. Due to its potentially cardiotoxicity, related to total cumulative dose, mitoxantrone should presently only be used in selected patients with a very high relapse rate and incomplete remission or in those who do not respond to INF beta treatment. The immunomodulatory agents (interferon beta 1a or 1b, copolymer 1) demonstrated a significant effect on the reduction of relapse rate (about 30 p. cent reduction), on progression of handicap and on MRI. In secondary progressive MS, an effect on progression is demonstrated only on patients still having relapses. No trial devoted to worsening patients as defined above have been yet designed with immunomodulatory agents.
User-utility interface through the home system: a new opportunity to optimize the demand control and power supply service (1992)

By means of the customer service remote management system, which is to be installed preliminarily as a pilot application in an area of Rome, ENEL will transmit information over the user power line. ENEL has already explored a user terminal solution which exploits a domestic television set and which forms part of the architecture researched in Europe for home automation. The aim is to proceed, within a research programme, to specify a device which, linked up to the television set, transforms it into a user terminal. An adequate number of devices will be installed in the premises of a sufficient variety of users in order to assess the effectiveness of this customer interface as a useful aid to the electricity consumer. Since the terminal can combine remote management messages with teletext page contents, an agreement with a television broadcasting company is now under consideration in order to activate the transmission of pages.
Radio Frequency Tomography for Tunnel Detection (2009)

Radio frequency (RF) tomography is proposed to detect underground voids, such as tunnels or caches, over relatively wide areas of regard. The RF tomography approach requires a set of low-cost transmitters and receivers arbitrarily deployed on the surface of the ground or slightly buried. Using the principles of inverse scattering and diffraction tomography, a simplified theory for below-ground imaging is developed. In this paper, the principles and motivations in support of RF tomography are introduced. Furthermore, several inversion schemes based on arbitrarily deployed sensors are devised. Then, limitations to performance and system considerations are discussed. Finally, the effectiveness of RF tomography is demonstrated by presenting images reconstructed via the processing of synthetic data.
Transport of Bose-Einstein Condensates with Optical Tweezers (2001)

We have transported gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates over distances up to 44 cm. This was accomplished by trapping the condensate in the focus of an infrared laser and translating the location of the laser focus with controlled acceleration. Condensates of order 10(6) atoms were moved into an auxiliary chamber and loaded into a magnetic trap formed by a Z-shaped wire. This transport technique avoids the optical and mechanical access constraints of conventional condensate experiments and creates many new scientific opportunities.
Reviews (1992)

Journal Article Reviews Get access Air Power and Colonial Control: The Royal Air Force, 1919–1939. By David E. Omissi (Studies in Imperialism Series). Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990, pp. 260. £35.00, ISBN 0-7190-2960-0. DAVID HALL DAVID HALL Linacre CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Twentieth Century British History, Volume 3, Issue 2, 1992, Pages 214–216, https://doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/3.2.214 Published: 01 January 1992
The endogenous soluble VEGF receptor-2 isoform suppresses lymph node metastasis in a mouse immunocompetent mammary cancer model (2010)

Our data demonstrate that esVEGFR-2 can inhibit mainly lymph node metastasis. The antimetastatic activity of esVEGFR-2 may be of high clinical significance in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer because lymph node involvement is a most important prognostic factor in cancer patients.
Enhancing robustness of speech recognizers by bimodal features (2006)

In this paper a robust speech recognizer is presented based on features obtained from the speech signal and also from the image of the speaker. The features were combined by simple concatenation, resulting composed feature vectors to train the models corresponding to each class. For recognition, the classification process relies on a very effective algorithm, namely the multiclass SVM. Under additive noise conditions the bimodal system based on combined features acts better than the unimodal system, based only on the speech features, the added information obtained from the image playing an important role in robustness improvement.
The CDC8 gene of yeast encodes thymidylate kinase. (1984)

Thymidylate kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of thymidine 5'-monophosphate to thymidine 5'-diphosphate in the pathway of synthesis of dTTP from dTMP. We have purified the enzyme approximately 5000-fold from a plasmid-bearing strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that over produces the activity 6-fold. The protein appears homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis and has a molecular weight of 25,000. The amino acid composition and the sequence of amino acids on the NH2 terminus have been determined. Our interest in thymidylate kinase stems from the fact that R. A. Sclafani and W. Fangman (personal communication) recently presented genetic evidence that this enzyme is encoded by the CDC8 gene of yeast. In this paper, we show, by several biochemical criteria, that thymidylate kinase is the product of the CDC8 gene. First, extracts of strains bearing six different alleles of cdc8 show no thymidylate kinase activity. Secondly, strains carrying the CDC8 gene on a high-copy-number plasmid produce 6-fold higher levels of the kinase activity than does wild type. Third, the DNA sequence of the CDC8 gene reveals an open reading frame that encodes a protein with the same amino-terminal sequence as purified thymidylate kinase.