gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of photoactivatable peptide substrates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase (Nmt1p) to characterize a myristoyl-CoA-Nmt1p-peptide ternary complex and to provide evidence for an ordered reaction mechanism. (1993)

Nmt1p (EC 2.3.1.97) catalyzes the transfer of myristate (C14:0) from coenzyme A to the N-terminal glycine residue of a variety of eukaryotic cellular and viral proteins. Our recent studies of the 455-amino acid Saccharomyces cerevisiae acyltransferase (Nmt1p) suggested that its mechanism of catalysis is ordered Bi Bi with myristoyl-CoA binding occurring prior to binding of peptide and release of CoA occurring prior to release of the myristoyl-peptide. The interaction between enzyme and peptide has now been examined in greater detail by using photoactivatable octapeptide substrates containing 125I-labeled azidosalicyclic acid attached via an amide bond to the gamma-amino group of a diaminobutyrate residue located at position 2 or the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue located at position 8. The photopeptides can be specifically crosslinked to chymotryptic fragments of Nmt1p in the presence but not in the absence of a nonhydrolyzable myristoyl-CoA analog, S-(2-oxo)pentadecyl-CoA. Labeling of the chymotryptic fragments is markedly reduced when GLYASKLS, a high-affinity substrate derived from residues 2-9 of S. cerevisiae ADP-ribosylation factor 2, or ALYASKLS, a competitive inhibitor (for peptide), is added with the iodinated photopeptide. These findings suggest that peptide affinity for the acyl-CoA-Nmt1p binary complex is much greater than it is for apoNmt1p, consistent with the ordered Bi Bi mechanism ascribed to Nmt1p. Finally, automated sequential Edman degradation of these chymotryptic fragments suggests that the peptide binding domain of Nmt1p may be composed of elements from two protease-resistant domains, Arg42-Try219 and Thr220-Leu455.
Research on the Pre-processing Method of Automatic Reading Water Meter System (2009)

Automatic reading system for water meter has been widely used in water supply industries and the method of print wheel region and pointers location is the key technology to automatic reading for water meter. Currently, main problems that affect print wheel region and pointers location of water meter are the complicated background of dial images, interfering information similar to pointers and the tilting situation with arbitrary angles. Aiming at above problems, a new algorithm of print wheel region and pointers location based on Fourier transform is raised in this essay. Firstly, edge detection and mathematical morphology processing are used to filter effective region. Then, it takes advantage of fast Fourier transform to detect tilting angle of dial image and corrects the tilting dial image. Finally, accurately extract the region of print wheel according to horizontal and vertical integral projection operator, and extract the pointers according to the distribution and circularity of pointers. The algorithm can locate the print wheel region and pointers accurately with little computation. It shortens automatic reading system's running time effectively and has great significance to the real-time automatic reading system.
Contact-Resonance Piezoresponse Force Microscope and Its Application to Domain Observation of Pb(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>–PbTiO<sub>3</sub>Single Crystals (2003)

The domain-structure images of (001) plates of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) single crystals were successfully obtained in a vacuum using a contact-resonance piezoresponse force microscope (CR-PFM). During conventional PFM observations at sufficiently high temperature, the modulation voltages applied between the tip and the counter electrode induced polarization reversals and destroyed local domain structures under the tip. With the help of the contact-resonance mode, piezoresponse images could be obtained with a reduced amplitude of the modulation signal, that addressed the issue of the polarization reversals at high temperature. Using this CR-PFM, circular domains 30–100 nm in diameter were observed at temperatures above 175°C.
Zeolite-Templated Carbon as an Ordered Microporous Electrode for Aluminum Batteries (2017)

High surface area porous carbon frameworks exhibit potential advantages over crystalline graphite as an electrochemical energy storage material owing to the possibility of faster ion transport and up to double the ion capacity, assuming a surface-based mechanism of storage. When detrimental surface-related effects such as irreversible capacity loss due to interphase formation (known as solid-electrolyte interphase, SEI) can be mitigated or altogether avoided, the greatest advantage can be achieved by maximizing the gravimetric and volumetric surface area and by tailoring the porosity to accommodate the relevant ion species. We investigate this concept by employing zeolite-templated carbon (ZTC) as the cathode in an aluminum battery based on a chloroaluminate ionic liquid electrolyte. Its ultrahigh surface area and dense, conductive network of homogeneous channels (12 Å in width) render ZTC suitable for the fast, dense storage of AlCl<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> ions (6 Å in ionic diameter). With aluminum as the anode, full cells were prepared which simultaneously exhibited both high specific energy (up to 64 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup>, 30 Wh L<sup>-1</sup>) and specific power (up to 290 W kg<sup>-1</sup>, 93 W L<sup>-1</sup>), highly stable cycling performance, and complete reversibility within the potential range of 0.01-2.20 V.
Flow regimes of the three‐phase circulating fluidized bed (1995)

Abstract Gas‐solids circulating fluidized beds have been successfully used in catalytic cracking of heavy oil, coal combustion, and some metallurgical and physical processes (Grace, 1990). Gas‐liquid‐solids fluidized beds are operated mainly in conventional fluidization regimes without solids circulation or in the transport regime with low solids holdups (less than 5%) (Fan, 1989). A circulating/fast fluidization regime, however, has not been studied. A three‐phase circulating fluidized bed has several potential applications in biochemical and chemical processes. Three‐phase fluidized‐bed bioreactors generally use light and small particles (Berk et al., 1984). Circulating operation can promote solids mixing and increase product throughput per unit bed cross section, while high shear stress can promote biofilm renewal (Pirozzi et al., 1990). In three‐phase hydrotreating reactors, solids catalysts lose their activity due to the deposit of metal and coke on the surface. Circulating operation not only regenerates deactivated catalyst continuously using accompanying downcomers but also transfers heat to and from the reactor. This article discusses the flow regimes of the three‐phase circulating fluidized bed.
Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices (1996)

This document discusses and defines a number of tests that may be used to describe the performance characteristics of a network interconnecting device. In addition to defining the tests this document also describes specific formats for reporting the results of the tests. Appendix A lists the tests and conditions that we believe should be included for specific cases and gives additional information about testing practices. Appendix B is a reference listing of maximum frame rates to be used with specific frame sizes on various media and Appendix C gives some examples of frame formats to be used in testing.
Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11p Safety Message Broadcast With and Without Relaying at Road Intersection (2018)

Dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), which is an essential part of vehicle-to-vehicle/infrastructure communication to enhance the road safety, is often characterized by the IEEE 802.11p standard. Numerous works have been done on the DSRC safety message broadcasting performance for highway scenario. However, up to date, no work has been done on the performance of the IEEE 802.11p safety message broadcasting for the road-intersection scenario in urban environment. An intersection scenario is different from a highway scenario. In a highway scenario, it is often been considered that all the vehicles have the same communication range as well as the same carrier sensing range. However, this is not the case for the intersection scenario, where there exist a lot of obstructions, such as buildings and urban canyons. In an intersection, the communication and carrier sensing ranges of a vehicle heavily depend on the location of that vehicle. This paper first analyzes and then provides solution on improving the broadcasting performance of the DSRC safety message at an intersection while considering the IEEE 802.11p enhanced distributed channel access mechanism. To facilitate different communication and carrier sensing ranges of different vehicles, we divide the intersection region into few parts/areas based on an empirically validated path loss model. We present an analytical study on the packet reception rates and channel access delay which is applicable for the different positions of transmitters and receivers in the intersection areas. The analytical results are verified by the NS-3 simulation. From the results, we find that the overall delivery ratio is very poor when the broadcasting vehicle is not close enough to the intersection-center. To improve the overall broadcast performance of such scenarios, we employ a road side unit (RSU) at the intersection-center to relay the safety messages once. We show the performance improvement via relaying while first using omni-directional and then using special sector antennas, the so-called bidirectional antenna, at the RSU. From the results, it is shown that relaying with the omni-directional antenna gives moderate improvement on the overall delivery ratio, while a significant improvement can be achieved by relaying with sector antenna.
Electrochemical Deposition and Investigation of Poly-9,10-Phenanthrenequinone Layer (2019)

In this research, a 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ) was electrochemically polymerized on a graphite rod electrode using potential cycling. The electrode modified by poly-9,10-phenanthrenequinone (poly-PQ) was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The poly-PQ shows variations in growth pattern depending on the number of potential cycles for the initiation of polymerization. Formed poly-PQ layer demonstrates good electric conductivity, great degree of electrochemical capacitance and unique oxidation/reduction properties, which are suitable for broad technological applications, including applicability in biosensors, supercapacitors and in some other electrochemical systems.
Structure of pure SDS and DTAB micelles in brine determined by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) (1999)

The geometrical structure of pure SDS and DTAB surfactant micelles in the absence of added salt as well as its dependence on the concentration of NaBr have been investigated at 40°C using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). In contrast to previous SANS measurements on the same systems we have analysed the scattering data in the entire regime of scattering vectors that are relevant for determining the structure of the micelles. Our obtained results for pure surfactant micelles, as well as those of mixed catanionic micelles presented in a recent study, show somewhat unexpectedly that ordinary surfactant micelles are shaped as circular or elongated bilayers (tablets). Both SDS and DTAB micelles appeared to be disk-like in pure D2O and the corresponding data were best fitted with a model for (monodisperse) oblate ellipsoids of revolution with half axes a=12.0 Å, b=20.3 Å ([SDS]=1.0 wt.%) and a=12.4 Å, b=21.6 Å ([DTAB]=1.0 wt.%). The half axis b related to the disk radius increases in both cases with an increasing amount of added salt to about 23 Å (SDS) and 24 Å (DTAB) at [NaBr]=0.1 M and at about [NaBr]=0.2 M the SDS micelles become tablet-shaped, i.e. tri-axial ellipsoids with half axes a<b<c. For DTAB micelles the disk-to-tablet transition occurs between [NaBr]=0.5 and 0.7 M. As the amount of salt is further increased the micelles grow strongly with respect to length, but decrease slightly in width to about b=20 Å (SDS) and b=22 Å (DTAB) at [NaBr]=1.0 M. Half the thickness of the micelles varies only slightly with the solution state and is found to be about 75–90% of the fully extended hydrocarbon chain (=16.7 Å). Hence, all elongated micelles appeared to have an elliptical cross section with an axial ratio 1.5<b/a<1.6. At [NaBr]=0.7 M the SDS micelles are considerably elongated and polydisperse and their (volume-weighted) average length increases rapidly with surfactant concentration from about 200 Å at [SDS]=0.25 wt.% to about 400 Å at [SDS]=1.0 wt.%. At [NaBr]=1.0 M the SDS micelles were seen to be shaped as long flexible ribbons too long, i.e. several thousands of Angstroms, for their size distribution to be determined from our SANS data whereas DTAB micelles still were rather short, i.e. c=30 Å.
Effects of ray position sampling on the visual responses of 3D light field displays (2019)

A 3D light field display typically reconstructs a 3D scene by sampling either the projections of the 3D scene at different depths or the directions of the light rays apparently emitted by the 3D scene and viewed from different eye positions. These light field display methods are potentially capable of rendering correct or nearly correct focus cues and therefore addressing the well-known vergence-accommodation conflict problem plaguing the conventional stereoscopic displays. However, very limited efforts have been made to investigate the effects of light ray sampling on the quality of the rendered focus cues and thus the visual responses of a viewer in light field displays. In this paper, by accounting for both the specifications of a light field display system and the ocular factors of the human visual system, we systematically model and analyze the ray position sampling issue in the reconstruction of the light field and characterize its effect on the quality of the rendered retinal image and on the accommodative response in viewing a 3D light field display. Using a recently developed 3D light field display prototype, we further experimentally validated the effects of ray position sampling on the resolution and accommodative response of a light field display, of which the result matches with theoretical characterization.
Room-temperature persistent hole burning of Sm^2+ in oxide glasses (1993)

Persistent spectral hole burning in Sm2+-doped borate glasses is observed at room temperature. The possible number of holes is approximately five times larger than in halide glass systems because of the larger inhomogeneous linewidth and smaller hole width of borate glass. In this system the photoionization of trapping electrons other than Sm ions at a site is likely to be dominant because of the absence of an antihole adjacent to the hole.
A Kinetic Study of the Self-degradation of o-Carboranylalanine to nido-Carboranylalanine in Solution. (1999)

This thesis exemplifies the strength in the combination of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry ESI-MS/MS as detection techniques for liquid chromatography (LC) in the search for and investigation of compounds that bind or can bind hetero-atoms. Furthermore, some aspects involved in the coupling of LC and ICP spectrometry and quantification without identical standards have been studied.The importance of using a separation step in combination with ICP spectrometry was shown for urine and blood plasma samples from patients treated with boron neutron capture therapy. In addition to the carrier molecule used in the therapy, one major and a few possible minor metabolites were found in the urine samples. One fragment mass of the major metabolite was obtained with LC-ESI-MS/MS. Liquid chromatography coupled to ICP-MS was also shown to be a valuable tool for fingerprinting metal-binding compounds in complex matrices, such as siderophores (iron-complexing compounds) in soil. The presence of at least two siderophores in a field soil solution sample could be revealed by LC-ICP-MS. Their identities could thereafter be determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS.The non-UV-absorbing o-carboranylalanine could be quantified in relation to its degradation products by LC-ICP-AES, which provided information about the mechanism behind the degradation. Moreover, LC-ICP spectrometry was shown to provide an accurate quantification of biomolecules (bias < 10 %) when evaluated from external calibration graphs based on inorganic elemental standards.Finally, the causes of the large decrease in boron signal seen when adding acetonitrile to the LC mobile phase in LC-ICP-MS was investigated in some detail. Space charge effects might explain a large part of the depression from carbon species on the boron signal.
Stringent Regulation and High‐Level Expression of Heterologous Genes in <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> Using T7 System Controllable by the <i>araBAD</i> Promoter (2002)

The recombinant Eschreichia coli strain BL21 (BAD) was constructed to carry a chromosomal copy of T7 gene 1 fused to the araBAD promoter. To further characterize this expression system, strain BL21 (BAD) was transformed with the plasmid containing the carbamoylase gene from Agrobacterium radiobacter driven by the T7 promoter. Upon induction with L-arabinose, recombinant cells produced 100-fold increase in carbamoylase activity in comparison with uninduced cells on M9 semidefined medium plus glycerol. This protein yield accounts for 30% of total cell protein content. In addition, it was found that after 100 generations the plasmid harboring the carbamoylase gene remained firmly stable in strain BL21 (BAD), but its stability dropped to only 20-30% in strain BL21 (DE3), a commercial strain bearing T7 gene 1 regulated by the lacUV5 promoter in its chromosome. In an attempt to enhance the total protein yield, fed-batch fermentation process was carried out using a two-stage feeding strategy to compartmentalize cell growth and protein synthesis. In the batch fermentation stage, the culture was grown on glucose to reach the stationary growth phase. Subsequently, glycerol was fed to the culture broth and L-arabinose was augmented to induce protein production when cells entered the late log growth phase. As a result, a carbamoylase yield corresponding to 5525 units was obtained, which amounts to a 337-fold increase over that achieved on a shake-flask scale. Taken together, these results illustrate the practical usefulness of T7 system under control of the araBAD promoter for heterologous protein production.
Development of a non-high pressure liquid chromatography assay to determine [14C]chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylase (CYP2E1) activity in human liver microsomes. (1998)

The activity of liver microsomal CYP2E1 is commonly measured as the rate of 5-chloro-2-benzoxazolone (chlorzoxazone) 6-hydroxylation, which requires separation of 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone and chlorzoxazone by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the present study, we describe a solvent extraction (non-HPLC) assay for measuring CYP2E1 activity, based on the 6-hydroxylation of [14C]chlorzoxazone. When [14C]chlorzoxazone was incubated with human or rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH, the major product formed was 6-[14C]hydroxychlorzoxazone. Unreacted [14C]chlorzoxazone was quantitatively extracted from the incubation mixture with dichloromethane under conditions that resulted in approximately 45% extraction of 6-[14C]hydroxychlorzoxazone. The amount of 6-[14C]hydroxychlorzoxazone remaining in the aqueous incubation mixture ( approximately 55% of the total amount formed) was quantified by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The limit of detection for this assay was 100 pmol of 6-[14C]hydroxychlorzoxazone. The solvent extraction procedure was validated by comparing the rates of formation of 6-[14C]hydroxychlorzoxazone with those determined by HPLC under a variety of experimental conditions. The close correspondence between the two analytical methods suggests that the extraction procedure for measuring 6-[14C]hydroxychlorzoxazone provides a simple, sensitive, and rapid alternative to the HPLC procedure for measuring CYP2E1 activity. In rats, the assay is not specific for CYP2E1 because CYP1A1 also catalyzes the 6-hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone. Recombinant human CYP1A1 also catalyzed the 6-hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone (at (1)/(5) the rate of CYP2E1), although CYP1A1 is not expressed in human liver microsomes. The non-HPLC assay was used to investigate the postulated role of CYP1A2 in the 6-hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone by human liver microsomes. Recombinant CYP1A2 did not catalyze the 6-hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone, and studies with 1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline, which inhibits CYP1A2 but not CYP2E1, indicated that, in human liver microsomes, the 6-hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone is catalyzed by CYP2E1 with little or no contribution from CYP1A2 enzymes over a wide range of substrate concentrations.
The Extended iSelf: The Impact of iPhone Separation on Cognition, Emotion, and Physiology (2015)

This study uniquely examined the effects on self, cognition, anxiety, and physiology when iPhone users are unable to answer their iPhone while performing cognitive tasks. A 2 x 2 within-subjects experiment was conducted. Participants (N = 40 iPhone users) completed 2 word search puzzles. Among the key findings from this study were that when iPhone users were unable to answer their ringing iPhone during a word search puzzle, heart rate and blood pressure increased, self-reported feelings of anxiety and unpleasantness increased, and self-reported extended self and cognition decreased. These findings suggest that negative psychological and physiological outcomes are associated with iPhone separation and the inability to answer one's ringing iPhone during cognitive tasks. Implications of these findings are discussed.
The phonocardiogram exercise test (1999)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading killer and the major cause of disability in adults. Detection and analysis of heart sounds is an important (and economical) method that can be used to determine the state of the heart and great vessels. In this article we present a newly developed technique for detecting cardiac reserve in both healthy and diseased subjects using phonocardiography.
Computer-Automated Malaria Diagnosis and Quantitation Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

The optical microscope remains a widely-used tool for diagnosis and quantitation of malaria. An automated system that can match the performance of well-trained technicians is motivated by a shortage of trained microscopists. We have developed a computer vision system that leverages deep learning to identify malaria parasites in micrographs of standard, field-prepared thick blood films. The prototype application diagnoses P. falciparum with sufficient accuracy to achieve competency level 1 in the World Health Organization external competency assessment, and quantitates with sufficient accuracy for use in drug resistance studies. A suite of new computer vision techniques-global white balance, adaptive nonlinear grayscale, and a novel augmentation scheme-underpin the system's state-of-the-art performance. We outline a rich, global training set; describe the algorithm in detail; argue for patient-level performance metrics for the evaluation of automated diagnosis methods; and provide results for P. falciparum.