gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Word-spotting based on inter-word and intra-word diphone models (2002)

The authors propose a precise but simple inter-word diphone model (IDM) for word-spotting based on SMQ/HMM. They have applied ordinary diphone models to a speaker-independent, large-vocabulary word recognition unit. However, because users are apt to add words and/or extraneous speech, accuracy degrades due to the mismatch of models at word-boundaries. The IDM represents a transition from the preceding phonemes to a word or from a word to the succeeding phonemes. An experiment showed that the IDMs reduce error rates by about 5% for speech containing unknown words and extraneous speech. The experiment also showed that the proposed method ensured performance good enough for the practical use of a large-vocabulary isolated-word recognition system.
802.11n MAC design and system performance (2005)

We present an overview of the MAC and PHY layer enhancements required to ensure high application layer throughput for IEEE 802.11n. We describe an enhanced scheduled mode operation which is shown, through simulation, to yield an application layer throughput that is greater than 100 Mb/s in practical scenarios. We also demonstrate that the proposed enhancements significantly improve the application layer throughput with EDCA.
Surface plasmon on aluminum concentric rings arranged in a long-range periodic structure (2008)

The enhanced optical transmission through the annular aluminum metal with different number of concentric rings arranged in a long-range periodic structure on the silicon substrate is investigated. The measured transmission spectra demonstrate that the surface plasmon modes depend sensitively on the structural parameters of the metallic rings. The degenerate (1,0), (1,1), and (2,1) Al∕Si surface plasmon modes are determined by the long periodicity of the structure. The localized modes in cavities with different length can be observed in this structure as well. These phenomena suggest that both surface plasmons and localized cavity modes are excited within super unit cell.
Porphyrin–bile acid conjugates: from saccharide recognition in the solution to the selective cancer cell fluorescence detection (2008)

This paper describes the preparation and use of conjugates of porphyrins and bile acids as ligands to bind to tumor expressed saccharides. Bile acid-porphyrin conjugates were tested for recognition of saccharides that are typically present on malignant tumor cells. Fluorescence microscopy, in vitro PDT cell killing, and PDT of subcutaneous 4T1 mouse tumors is reported. High selectivity for saccharide cancer markers and cancer cells was observed. This in vivo and in vitro study demonstrated high potential use for these compounds in targeted photodynamic therapy.
The organization of prefrontocaudate projections and their laminar origin in the macaque monkey: A retrograde study using HRP‐gel (1986)

The organization of the prefrontocaudate connection in the macaque monkey was studied with a polyacrylamide gel of horseradish peroxidase that was injected, after callosotomy, into the head of the caudate nucleus. Tissues were processed for peroxidase activity with tetramethylbenzidine. Retrogradely labeled cells appeared bilaterally in the prefrontal cortex, and ipsilaterally in the premotor area, frontal operculum, insula, and rostral region of the temporal cortex. In the prefrontal cortex, labeled cells were located in cortical layers 2-6. In layer 2, labeled cells were occasionally seen. In layer 3, a considerable number of labeled cells were seen and were mainly distributed in its lower part. They were pyramidal cells. Layer 4 contained a considerable number of labeled cells that were pyramidal or round. Somal sizes of these labeled cells were from 5 to 15 micron, but none of the cells less than 5 micron were labeled. Layer 5 was densely packed with labeled cells, though at a higher density in its upper part (5a). They were pyramidal cells. In layer 6, pyramidal or fusiform cells were labeled at a lower density than in layer 5. The laminar pattern and density of labeled cells were different among various regions of the prefrontal cortex, but, in general, the supragranular labeling tended to frequently occur in the regions containing the numerous labeled cells. There was a topographical relationship between the prefrontal regions containing the majority of labeled cells and the injection sites in the head of the caudate nucleus: the medial orbitofrontal cortex and the medial surface extending downward from the rostral sulcus project ipsilaterally to the medialmost portion of the ventromedial part of the head of the nucleus, the lateral orbitofrontal cortex projects to the ventromedial part of the head of the nucleus, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ventral to the principal sulcus projects to the central part of the head of the nucleus. Our findings in the macaque monkey indicate that the corticocaudate connection is similar in laminar organization of efferent neurons to the corticocortical connections.
Analysis and simulation tools for wind engineering (1997)

This paper examines state-of-the-art analysis and simulation tools for applications to wind engineering, introduces improvements recently developed by the authors, and directions for future work. While the scope of application extends to a variety of environmental loads (e.g. ocean waves and earthquake motions), particular reference is made to the analysis and simulation of non-Gaussian features as they appear in wind pressure fluctuations under separated flow regions and non-stationary characteristics of wind velocity fluctuations during a gust front, a thunderstorm or a hurricane. A particular measured non-Gaussian pressure trace is used as a focal point to connect the various related topics herein. Various methods of non-linear system modeling are first considered. Techniques are then presented for modeling the probability density function of non-Gaussian processes. These include maximizing the entropy functional subject to constraints derived from moment information, Hermite transformation models, and the use of the Kac-Siegert approach based on Volterra kernels. The implications of non-Gaussian local wind loads on the prediction of fatigue damage are examined, as well as new developments concerning gust factor representation of non-Gaussian wind loads. The simulation of non-Gaussian processes is addressed in terms of correlation-distortion methods and application of higher-order spectral analysis. Also included is a discussion of preferred phasing, and concepts for conditional simulation in a non-Gaussian context. The wavelet transform is used to decompose random processes into localized orthogonal basis functions, providing a convenient format for the modeling, analysis, and simulation of non-stationary processes. The work in these areas continues to improve our understanding and modeling of complex phenomena in wind related problems. The presentation here is for introductory purposes and many topics require additional research. It is hoped that introduction of these powerful tools will aid in improving the general understanding of wind effects on structures and will lead to subsequent application in design practice.
A programmable gain amplifier with a DC offset calibration loop for a direct-conversion WLAN transceiver (2011)

A high-linearity PGA (programmable gain amplifier) with a DC offset calibration loop is proposed. The PGA adopts a differential degeneration structure to vary voltage gain and uses the closed-loop structure including the input op-amps to enhance the linearity. A continuous time feedback based DC offset calibration loop is also designed to solve the DC offset problem. This PGA is fabricated by TSMC 0.13 μm CMOS technology. The measurements show that the receiver PGA (RXPGA) provides a 64 dB gain range with a step of 1 dB, and the transmitter PGA (TXPGA) covers a 16 dB gain. The RXPGA consumes 18 mA and the TXPGA consumes 7 mA (I and Q path) under a 3.3 V supply. The bandwidth of the multi-stage PGA is higher than 20 MHz. In addition, the DCOC (DC offset cancellation) circuit shows 10 kHz of HPCF (high pass cutoff frequency) and the DCOC settling time is less than 0.45 μs.
Changes in the Contents of Oleoresin and Pungent Bioactive Principles of Jamaican Ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i> Roscoe.) during Maturation (2008)

Changes in the yields of the oleoresin and content of pungent bioactive principles: [6], [8], [10] gingerols and [6] shogaol of Jamaican ginger ( Zingiber officinale) were investigated during different stages of maturity (7-9 months). Ethanolic oleoresin extracts were prepared (95%, w/w) by cold maceration of dried ginger powder, and their percentage yields were calculated (w/w). The pungent bioactive principles in the ginger oleoresin were extracted with methanol and quantitatively analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ginger harvested at 8 months from Bourbon, Portland had the highest oleoresin yield (8.46 +/- 0.46%). [6] Gingerol was found to be the most abundant pungent bioactive principle in all the oleoresin samples investigated, with the 9 months sample from Bourbon, Portland containing the highest level (28.94 +/- 0.39%). The content of [6] gingerols was also found to be consistently high (7-9 months) in oleoresin samples from Johnson Mountain, St. Thomas (15.12 +/- 0.39 to 16.02 +/- 0.95%). The results suggest that Bourbon in Portland may be the most ideal location for cultivating ginger for high yields and quality, however, Johnson Mountain in St. Thomas could prove to be the least restrictive location, allowing for harvesting of good quality material throughout the maturity period (7-9 months).
Laparoscopic Adjustable Silicone Gastric Banding Versus Vertical Banded Gastroplasty in Morbidly Obese Patients (2003)

This study demonstrates that, in patients with BMI 40 to 50 kg/m2, LASGB requires shorter operative time and hospital stay but LVBG is more effective in terms of late complications, reoperations, and weight loss.
Prognostic significance of HLA class I expression in osteosarcoma defined by anti‐pan HLA class I monoclonal antibody, EMR8‐5 (2006)

With the goal of establishing efficacious peptide-based immunotherapy for patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas, we previously identified the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-defined osteosarcoma antigenic gene Papillomavirus binding factor. The present study was designed to determine the status of HLA class I expression in osteosarcoma and other bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Seventy-four formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of various bone and soft tissue sarcomas, including 33 osteosarcomas, were stained with the anti-HLA class I monoclonal antibody EMR8-5, which we recently generated. The expression of HLA class I was lost or downregulated in 46 of these specimens (62%). With respect to osteosarcoma, loss or downregulation of HLA class I expression was seen in 13 (52%) of 25 primary tumors and seven (88%) of eight metastatic tumors. In six of 11 HLA class I-negative osteosarcoma specimens, the expression of beta-2 microglobulin was also lost. Subsequently the prognostic significance of HLA class I expression was analyzed in 21 patients with osteosarcoma who had completed multidrug neoadjuvant chemotherapy and undergone adequate surgery. Patients with osteosarcoma highly expressing HLA class I showed significantly better overall and event-free survival than those with HLA class I-negative osteosarcoma. In contrast, such prognostic significance of HLA class I expression was not found in 15 patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of soft tissue. These findings suggest that the class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte pathway plays a major role in immune surveillance of patients with osteosarcoma.
A Multi-agent based framework for Dynamic Service Discovery and access using matchmaking approach (2009)

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) has gained recognition due to its reusable nature of applications and interoperability between heterogeneous technologies. The basis of SOA is the service whereas service is a self-contained software module that performs a predetermined task. The most important tasks in building a service-oriented application are the creation of services with coarse-grained functionality and the creation of interfaces with the right level of abstraction that enhances service discovery and access. Dynamic Service Discovery is one of the key issues of SOA that requires new avenues of research. Agents are reusable s/w components that provide controlled/shared access to services and resources and forms the building blocks with collaborators called as collaborative agents for applications organized across various networks. This paper proposes a novel approach for a multi-agent based dynamic service discovery using matchmaking technique.
Goniadidae, Glyceridae and Nephtyidae (1950)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Strategies of power and Catherine Martin's an Australian girl (1991)

When An Australian Girl was published in 1890 it was reviewed widely in both the British and the colonial press. Although the dominant note of this reception is positive, many reviewers query the legitimacy of its concern with certain content. These reviewers censure what amounts to a serious formal inconsistency produced by the inclusion of long and complicated intellectual and philosophical discussions within the text. What irks these reviewers is that the content is incompatible with the form, and in particular with the form of the popular romantic novel as they see it. The popular romance form places, or seeks to place, woman securely within a domestic locus. It generates a plot which conventionally illustrates the process by which a woman finds a lover who then becomes her husband; a plot which, in other words, tells a story of love and romance, and which ends in marriage and a home. The complex intellectual discussions of An Australian Girl violate the expectations of this romance form, detracting from the machinations of a plot which is supposed to be the predominant factor. It is interesting to note then, that in the second edition of 1891, the novel is abridged, and much of the offending material removed. The reception and production of the novel might therefore be seen as a function of the struggle for power of the patriarchal and female forces operating within late nineteenth-century culture.
Learning Generic Sentence Representations Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

We propose a new encoder-decoder approach to learn distributed sentence representations that are applicable to multiple purposes. The model is learned by using a convolutional neural network as an encoder to map an input sentence into a continuous vector, and using a long short-term memory recurrent neural network as a decoder. Several tasks are considered, including sentence reconstruction and future sentence prediction. Further, a hierarchical encoder-decoder model is proposed to encode a sentence to predict multiple future sentences. By training our models on a large collection of novels, we obtain a highly generic convolutional sentence encoder that performs well in practice. Experimental results on several benchmark datasets, and across a broad range of applications, demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model over competing methods.
An improved method of preparing nisin (1957)

Research Article| March 01 1957 An improved method of preparing nisin G. C. Cheeseman; G. C. Cheeseman 1National Institute for Research in Dairying, University of Reading Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar N. J. Berridge N. J. Berridge 1National Institute for Research in Dairying, University of Reading Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1957) 65 (3): 603–608. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0650603 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation G. C. Cheeseman, N. J. Berridge; An improved method of preparing nisin. Biochem J 1 March 1957; 65 (3): 603–608. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0650603 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1957 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1957 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Transgenic <i>Pm3b</i> wheat lines show resistance to powdery mildew in the field (2011)

Summary Plant resistance ( R ) genes are highly effective in protecting plants against diseases, but pathogens can overcome such genes relatively easily by adaptation. Consequently, in many cases R genes do not confer durable resistance in agricultural environments. One possible strategy to make the use of R genes more sustainable depends on the modification of R genes followed by transformation. To test a possible transgenic use of R genes, we overexpressed in wheat the Pm3b resistance gene against powdery mildew under control of the maize ubiquitin promoter. Four independent transgenic lines were tested in the greenhouse and the field during 3 years. The four lines showed a five‐ to 600‐fold transgene overexpression compared with the expression of the endogenous Pm3b gene in the landrace ‘Chul’. Powdery mildew resistance was significantly improved in all lines in the greenhouse and the field, both with naturally occurring infection or after artificial inoculation. Under controlled environmental conditions, the line with the strongest overexpression of the Pm3b gene showed a dramatic increase in resistance to powdery mildew isolates that are virulent on the endogenous Pm3b . Under a variety of field conditions, but never in the greenhouse, three of the four transgenic lines showed pleiotropic effects on spike and leaf morphology. The highest overexpressing line had the strongest side effects, suggesting a correlation between expression level and phenotypic changes. These results demonstrate that the successful transgenic use of R genes critically depends on achieving an optimal level of their expression, possibly in a tissue‐specific way.
Circadian Variations of Heart Rate and STIMT Interval: Adaptation for Nighttime Pacing (1989)

In order to determine the optimal pacing rate for pacemaker patients at night, 150 normal subjects with regular sinus rhythm and free of manifest heart disease, were studied using 24-hour Holter monitoring. Minimum and average heart rates were analyzed on an hourly basis. The study group was divided into six age groups, 25 subjects each, ranging from 20-29 years to 60-69 years. The minimum heart rate during the night was found to be lower than 65 ppm for all groups. The youngest subjects showed the largest variation in the minimum heart rate. The results suggest that an automatic lowering of the pacing rate during the night would allow for longer periods of sinus rhythm, thereby improving hemodynamic performance and reducing pacemaker power consumption. Suitable sensors for automatic lowering of the pacing rate include inbuilt 24-hour clock systems and the QT interval that lengthens during sleep.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Upper Eyelid Anatomy (1994)

I read with interest the article by Goldberg et al<sup>1</sup>detailing high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of upper eyelid structures. Using this technique, Goldberg<sup>2</sup>reported on racial anatomic eyelid differences in a subsequent letter published in the August 1993 issue of theArchives. In his letter, Goldberg included a figure that nicely demonstrated features of the Asian and Occidental upper eyelids visualized with MRI. I believe the legend accompanying the figure contains some inaccuracies, however. According to the legend, the suborbicularis is identified in the figure by an arrowhead. The arrowhead actually points to the superficial fascia (ie, subcutaneous fat) of the eyebrow. The true suborbicularis space lies in the area indicated by the arrow in the figure (which the legend describes as the eyebrow). On MRI, the orbicularis and orbital septum can be seen as bands of low-signal intensity on T<sub>1</sub>-weighted images. The suborbicularis space
A new dye uptake assay to test the activity of antibiotics against intracellular Francisella tularensis (2014)

Francisella tularensis, a facultative intracellular bacterium, is the aetiological agent of tularaemia. Antibiotic treatment of this zoonosis is based on the administration of a fluoroquinolone or a tetracycline for cases with mild to moderate severity, whereas an aminoglycoside (streptomycin or gentamicin) is advocated for severe cases. However, treatment failures and relapses remain frequent, especially in patients suffering from chronic lymph node suppuration. Therefore, new treatment alternatives are needed. We have developed a dye uptake assay for determination of minimal inhibitory extracellular concentrations (MIECs) of antibiotics against intracellular F. tularensis, and validated the method by comparing the results obtained using a CFU-enumerating method. We also compared MIECs with MICs of the same compounds determined using a CLSI broth microdilution method. We tested the activity of 11 antibiotics against two clinical strains of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolated in France. Both strains displayed low MICs (≤1 μg/mL) to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin), gentamicin, doxycycline and rifampicin. Higher MICs (≥8 μg/mL) were found for carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem), daptomycin and linezolid. Erythromycin MICs were 4.0 and 16.0 μg/mL, respectively, for the two clinical strains. MIECs were almost the same with the two methods used. They were concordant with MICs, except for erythromycin and linezolid (respectively, four and eight times more active against intracellular F. tularensis) and gentamicin (four to eight times less active against intracellular F. tularensis). This study validated the dye uptake assay as a new tool for determination of the activity of a large panel of antibiotics against intracellular F. tularensis. This test confirmed the intracellular activity of first-line antibiotics used for tularaemia treatment, but also revealed significant activity of linezolid against intracellular F. tularensis.
Optimizing plurality for human intelligence tasks (2013)

In a crowdsourcing system, Human Intelligence Tasks (HITs) (e.g., translating sentences, matching photos, tagging videos with keywords) can be conveniently specified. HITs are made available to a large pool of workers, who are paid upon completing the HITs they have selected. Since workers may have different capabilities, some difficult HITs may not be satisfactorily performed by a single worker. If more workers are employed to perform a HIT, the quality of the HIT's answer could be statistically improved. Given a set of HITs and a fixed "budget", we address the important problem of determining the number of workers (or plurality) of each HIT so that the overall answer quality is optimized. We propose a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm for solving the plurality assignment problem (PAP). We identify two interesting properties, namely, monotonicity and diminishing return, which are satisfied by a HIT if the quality of the HIT's answer increases monotonically at a decreasing rate with its plurality. We show for HITs that satisfy the two properties (e.g., multiple-choice-question HITs), the PAP is approximable. We propose an efficient greedy algorithm for such case. We conduct extensive experiments on synthetic and real datasets to evaluate our algorithms. Our experiments show that our greedy algorithm provides close-to-optimal solutions in practice.