gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GaN Single-Polarity Power Supply Bootstrapped Comparator for High-Temperature Electronics (2010)

A high-performance bootstrapped comparator operating with a single-polarity power supply is demonstrated for GaN high-temperature electronics applications. The comparator features monolithically integrated enhancement-mode (E-mode) and depletion-mode (D-mode) AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The tail current source uses an E-mode HEMT, enabling single-polarity power supply. The E-mode input stage could cover a wide voltage comparison range (from 1 to 6 V) while the bootstrapped loads are implemented with D-mode HEMTs. At room temperature, the comparator delivers a voltage gain as high as 79 V/V and a unity-gain bandwidth of 206 MHz. At 250 , a maximum voltage gain of 40 V/V and a unity-gain bandwidth of 84 MHz are obtained.
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD9</i> Gene and Further Evidence that Its Product Is Required for Cell Cycle Arrest Induced by DNA Damage (1989)

Procaryotic and eucaryotic cells possess mechanisms for arresting cell division in response to DNA damage. Eucaryotic cells arrest division in the G2 stage of the cell cycle, and various observations suggest that this arrest is necessary to ensure the completion of repair of damaged DNA before the entry of cells into mitosis. Here, we provide evidence that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD9 gene, mutations of which confer sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, is necessary for the cell cycle arrest phenomenon. Our studies with the rad9 delta mutation show that RAD9 plays a role in the cell cycle arrest of methyl methanesulfonate-treated cells and is absolutely required for the cell cycle arrest in the temperature-sensitive cdc9 mutant, which is defective in DNA ligase. At the restrictive temperature, cell cycle progression of cdc9 cells is blocked sometime after the DNA chain elongation step, whereas cdc9 rad9 delta cells do not arrest at this point and undergo one or two additional divisions. Upon transfer from the restrictive to the permissive temperature, a larger proportion of the cdc9 cells than of the cdc9 rad9 delta cells forms viable colonies, indicating that RAD9-mediated cell cycle arrest allows for proper ligation of DNA breaks before the entry of cells into mitosis. The rad9 delta mutation does not affect the frequency of spontaneous or UV-induced mutation and recombination, suggesting that RAD9 is not directly involved in mutagenic or recombinational repair processes. The RAD9 gene encodes a transcript of approximately 4.2 kilobases and a protein of 1,309 amino acids of Mr 148,412. We suggest that RAD9 may be involved in regulating the expression of genes required for the transition from G2 to mitosis.
Synthetic polypeptides: preparation, structure, and properties (1956)

Synthetic polypeptides: preparation, structure, and properties , Synthetic polypeptides: preparation, structure, and properties , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
A novel wide-band CMOS current amplifying cell and its application in power supply current monitoring (2002)

A new wide-band current amplifying cell based on a modified current conveyor is implemented in 0.18 /spl mu/ CMOS technology process. The dc and the small-signal ac gains of the cell depend on transistor dimensions only. The cell transfer function for current, its input impedance, and transimpedance are analyzed, and the frequency compensation for optimization of the frequency response is provided. Finally, the cell is effectively employed in a proposed scheme for the high frequency power supply current monitoring. The gain-bandwidth product of the monitor is extended to 3.46 GHz with the low frequency current gain of 51 dB.
Design and analysis of general rotor-flux-oriented vector control systems (2001)

Reduced-order observers for rotor flux estimation of induction motors are considered. The "current" model and "voltage" model are obtained as special cases. It is shown that the flux dynamics form a nonlinear closed-loop system when the flux estimate is used for field orientation. The observer gain selection is extremely critical for good behavior of this system. A framework is developed, in which the properties of any gain selection can easily be assessed. Four candidate gain selections are considered, two of which yield schemes that do not use the rotor speed in their equations (inherently sensorless schemes). It is also shown that for any gain selection, an equivalent synchronous-frame implementation (i.e., indirect field orientation) always exists.
Systematic Studies on Structure and Physiological Activity of Cyclic α-Keto Enamines, a Novel Class of “Cooling” Compounds (2001)

3-Methyl- and 5-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one were recently identified as intense cooling compounds in roasted dark malt. To gain more insights into the molecular requirements of these compounds for imparting a cooling sensation, 26 cyclic alpha-keto enamine derivatives were synthesized, and their physiological cooling activities were evaluated. Any modification of the amino moiety, the carbocyclic ring size, or incorporation of additional methyl groups led to a significant increase of the cooling threshold. Insertion of an oxygen atom into the 2-cyclopenten-1-one ring, however, increased the cooling activity, e.g., the cooling threshold of the 5-methyl-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-3(2H)-furanone was found to be 16-fold below the threshold concentration determined for the 3-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one. Shifting the oxygen atom from the 4- into the 5-position of the cyclopentenone ring resulted in a even more drastic increase in cooling activity, e.g., the 4-methyl-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2(5H)-furanone exhibited the strongest cooling effect at the low oral threshold concentration of 0.02-0.06 mmol/L, which is 35-fold below the value determined for (-)-menthol. In contrast to the minty smelling (-)-menthol, most of the alpha-keto enamines were found to be virtually odorless but impart a sensation of "cooling" to the oral cavity as well as to the skin, thus illustrating that there is no physiological link between cooling activity and mint-like odors.
Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Drinking Water (1985)

A series of tests were performed with a view to solving the problem of chromium pollution in the Meulan district near Paris, due to the proximity of long-established metal-working plants. It was found that the accumulated pollution not only originated from the groundwater source but also from atmospheric contamination through fall-out from smoke and fumes issuing from local metal-works' stacks. Among the interesting features of this paper is the fact that, since the profound penetration by the pollutant affects potable feedstock, chromium removal studies have been made on potable water for the first time on record. Several methods are reviewed, among which the only economically feasible one appears to be the reduction of hexavalent chromium by a sufficient quantity of iron sulphate, the problem attached to iron-sulphate overdose being solved by the application of high-rate filtration on very fine sand. This arrests the fine precipitates and reduces the residual ferrous-iron by catalysis. Reliability of the treatment is ensured by a system of continuous metering that automatically controls reagent dosing.
The genes for the Clostridium botulinum type G toxin complex are on a plasmid (1995)

Clostridium botulinum type G produces a toxin complex that is composed of neurotoxin, hemagglutinin, and nontoxic nonhemagglutinin. The three genes encoding these proteins were closely linked on a plasmid of about 114 kb (76 MDa) but not on chromosomal DNA. In contrast to the genes of other C. botulinum serotypes, the genes encoding type G toxin are on a plasmid.
A single-chip CMOS resonant beam gas sensor (2002)

A micromachined resonant beam gas sensor for detection of organic volatiles is monolithically integrated with thermal actuators, piezoresistive read out, and circuitry for self-excitation and fabricated in standard CMOS technology. Mass load due to analyze absorption in a sensitive coating changes beam resonance frequency. The limit of detection is 1 ppm for toluene.
Using first and second language models to correct preposition errors in second language authoring (2009)

In this paper, we investigate a novel approach to correcting grammatical and lexical errors in texts written by second language authors. Contrary to previous approaches which tend to use unilingual models of the user's second language (L2), this new approach uses a simple roundtrip Machine Translation method which leverages information about both the author's first (L1) and second languages. We compare the repair rate of this roundtrip translation approach to that of an existing approach based on a unilingual L2 model with shallow syntactic pruning, on a series of preposition choice errors. We find no statistically significant difference between the two approaches, but find that a hybrid combination of both does perform significantly better than either one in isolation. Finally, we illustrate how the translation approach has the potential of repairing very complex errors which would be hard to treat without leveraging knowledge of the author's L1.
The Vulnerability of Fiber-Optics Communication Systems: The Role of Optical Tapping (2014)

Optical tapping devices placed in public and private optical networks today allow unfettered access to all communications and information transiting any fiber segment. Available legally and inexpensively from numerous manufacturers worldwide, optical taps are standard network maintenance equipment that are in use daily. When used nefariously, optical taps provide an excellent method of intercepting voice and data communications with virtually no chance of being detected. Intruders are therefore rewarded with a bounty or relevant information while subject to a very low risk of being caught. Optical network equipment manufacturers do not currently incorporate adequate protection and detection technologies in their platforms to monitor such network breaches in real-time. Network operators thus cannot safeguard the optical signals on their networks and therefore cannot prevent the extraction of sensitive data and communications. Government networks, while assuredly more secure, are also vulnerable to certain type of advanced passive and active tapping methods. This background paper serves to provide an overview of the vulnerabilities of today’s modern optical networks; describe methods of addressing such issues; and introduce optical security, monitoring, intrusion detection and breach localization solutions. Keywords: Fiber optics, optical tapping, splitters, couplers, optical time domain reflector (OTDR), Oyster optics.
A deformable local image descriptor (2008)

This paper presents a novel local image descriptor that is robust to general image deformations. A limitation with traditional image descriptors is that they use a single support region for each interest point. For general image deformations, the amount of deformation for each location varies and is unpredictable such that it is difficult to choose the best scale of the support region. To overcome this difficulty, we propose to use multiple support regions of different sizes surrounding an interest point. A feature vector is computed for each support region, and the concatenation of these feature vectors forms the descriptor for this interest point. Furthermore, we propose a new similarity measure model, Local-to-Global Similarity (LGS) model, for point matching that takes advantage of the multi-size support regions. Each support region acts as a ‘weak’ classifier and the weights of these classifiers are learned in an unsupervised manner. The proposed approach is evaluated on a number of images with real and synthetic deformations. The experiment results show that our method outperforms existing techniques under different deformations.
Study of range-Doppler imaging using real data in microwave anechoic chamber (2002)

In this paper, several rotating target imaging methods are investigated. They are FFT range-Doppler processing, extended coherent processing, polar format processing, the CBP algorithm and a novel superresolution imaging approach using the linear prediction technique. Quality images of a rotating target in a microwave anechoic chamber by the above five imaging methods have been obtained. The resolution limitation, the SNR performance and the computational complexity of these image reconstruction approaches are evaluated and compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of (<i>Z</i>)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen and (<i>Z</i>)-2-[4-[1-(<i>p</i>-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl]-1butenyl]phenoxyacetic Acid (2002)

The synthesis of (Z)-4-hydroxytamoxifen and (Z)-2-[4-[1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl]-1-butenyl]phenoxyacetic acid was accomplished using a McMurry reaction as the key step. The perfluorotolyl derivatives of the McMurry products enabled the separation of the minor undesirable geometrical isomer. The methodology proceeds without E,Z isomerization, employs a very mild final debenzylation step compatible with a large array of functional groups, and can be applied to the generation of a variety of 4-hydroxytamoxifen analogues.
BRIDGES CONSTRUCTED USING FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS (1993)

The use of fiber reinforced plastics in bridge construction is discussed, particularly glass fiber reinforced plastics, aramid fiber reinforced plastics, and carbon fiber reinforced plastics. Most of the GFRP and AFRP strucutres were built in Europe, China and the United States while CFRPs have been studied extensively in Japan and Germany. This article describes pedestrian and road bridges using these materials, the bridge types ranging from simply supported slabs to sophisticated systems such as cable-stayed bridges. The FRPs, in addition to their corrosion resistance, have a high tensile strength that can provide high prestressing forces. They also have excellent electromagnetic resistance.
Making Performance Analysis and Tuning Part of the Software Development Cycle (2009)

Although there are a number of performance tools available to Department of Defense (DoD) users, the process of performance analysis and tuning has yet to become an integral part of the DoD software development cycle. Instead, performance analysis and tuning is the domain of a small number of experts who cannot possibly address all the codes that need attention. We believe the main reasons for this are a lack of knowledge about these tools, the real or perceived steep learning curve required to use them, and the absence of a centralized method that incorporates their use in the software development cycle. This paper presents ongoing efforts to enable a larger number of DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) users to benefit from available performance analysis tools by integrating them into the Eclipse Parallel Tools Platform (Eclipse/PTP), an integrated development environment for parallel programs.
Binding of nuclear factors to functional domains of the duck hepatitis B virus enhancer (1993)

We have analyzed the structures, relative organization, and activities of binding sites for nuclear factors in the duck hepatitis B virus (duck HBV) enhancer. DNase I footprinting analysis and mobility shift assays demonstrate that this enhancer of 192 bp contains at least three binding sites for transcription factors: one for hepatocyte-adipocyte C/EBP, a second for the liver-specific transactivator hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 HNF-1, and a third for a factor, called F3, which binds to a DNA sequence bearing some resemblance to that for the ubiquitous factor EF-C. Analysis of transcriptional activity reveals that oligonucleotides corresponding to the individual binding sites, inserted upstream from a heterologous promoter, display very weak enhancer activity, whereas the enhancer encompassing these three sites displays very high activity. Analysis of duck HBV enhancer mutants indicates that the deletion of any of these sites leads to a modification of transcriptional enhancer activity. The hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 binding site is crucial, since an internal deletion of 14 bp abolishes the activity. The C/EBP site can act as repressor, and the F3 site is required for full activity. Comparative analysis reveals that the nuclear factors are similar to those bound to the human HBV enhancer but that the organization of their binding sites in the duck HBV enhancer is different.
A New Intra Coding Method for Spatial Scalability in Scalable Video Coding (2006)

In scalable video coding, spatial scalability is a layered video representation with several layers corresponding to different spatial resolutions for the same video sequence. Therefore, spatial correlation between successive two layers exists naturally, and should be further exploited. In this paper, a new scalable intra coding method for spatial scalability is proposed. It consists of two spatial layers: one base layer and one enhancement layer. The proposed intra coding method is fully compatible with H.264/AVC standard in base layer, while in enhancement layer the upsampled reconstructed base layer blocks are used for intra prediction under condition of that the adjacent prediction pixels are not available. The effectiveness of the new technique is demonstrated by experimental results. With almost no changes on both computation complexity and encoded bit-rate, the average increase of Y-PSNR is about 0.13 dB for sequence Football and 0.11 dB for Foreman
Phosphine-Free Palladium Catalyzed Mizoroki−Heck Reaction Using Hydrazone as a Ligand (2006)

Glyoxal bishydrazones 1 and pyridyl-hydrazone 2b were prepared and examined as a ligand for the Mizoroki−Heck cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides and olefin. We found that PdCl2(MeCN)2/hydrazone ligand 1e was a phosphine-free efficient catalyst system for a variety of substrates to produce the Mizoroki−Heck coupling products in good yields.
Spectrum Estimation Using Multirate Observations (2004)

In this paper, we are interested in estimating the power spectral density of a stationary random signal x(n) when the signal itself is not available but some low-resolution measurements derived from it are observed. We consider a model where x(n) is being measured using a set of linear multirate sensors. Each sensor outputs a measurement signal v/sub i/(n) whose sampling rate is only a fraction of the sampling rate assumed for the original signal. Based on this model, we pose the following problem: Given certain autocorrelation coefficients of the observable signals v/sub i/(n), estimate the power spectral density of the original signal x(n). It turns out that this problem is ill-posed. We suggest to resolve this issue by using the principle of maximum entropy (ME). We address technical difficulties associated with the ME solution and then devise a practical algorithm for its approximate computation. We demonstrate the viability of this algorithm through simulation examples.
A neural network accelerator for mobile application processors (2015)

Today's mobile consumer electronics devices, such as smartphones and tablets, are required to execute a wide variety of applications efficiently. To this end modern application processors integrate both general-purpose CPU cores and specialized accelerators. Energy efficiency is the primary design goal for those processors, which has recently rekindled interest in neural network accelerators. Neural network accelerators trade the accuracy of computation for performance and energy efficiency and are suitable for error-tolerant media applications such as video and audio processing. However, most existing accelerators only exploit inter-neuron parallelism and leave processing elements underutilized when the number of neurons in a layer is small. Thus, this paper proposes a novel neural network accelerator that can efficiently exploit both inter- and intra-neuron parallelism. For five applications the proposed accelerator achieves average speedups of 126% and 23% over a general-purpose CPU and a state-of-the-art accelerator exploiting inter-neuron parallelism only, respectively. Besides, the proposed accelerator saves energy consumption by 22% over the state-of-the-art accelerator.
Map-Aided Indoor Navigation (2015)

Maps representing aspects of an environment that affect pedestrian motion can be very informative sources of data in indoor localization. Their proper representation and usage are mandatory to fully leverage their potential. In this chapter, we show how probabilistic representations facilitate accuracy and availability of position estimates even in the absence of usable satellite navigation signals or similar forms of localization signals. We will show that maps may effectively substitute infrastructure, such as active or passive (RFID-type) radio beacons, when their information is properly used in combination with dynamic models of movement and some form of motion estimate such as pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR). This chapter aims at illuminating the details of how to generate, represent, and use probabilistic maps for indoor localization. While this discussion applies to a wide range of sensors, we will focus on showing how maps are essential in achieving long-term stability in combination with inertial sensors. We begin by motivating why the use of a probabilistic map of human motion is a natural way of incorporating building information into a sequential Bayesian filtering framework. This stands in contrast to the oft-used ad hoc solution, which is to use a floor plan as a “kill or live” weighting function in a particle filter (PF), driven by some form of PDR such as foot-mounted inertial-sensors-based PDR. We show how the latter method can fail catastrophically and how a probabilistic map formulation addresses these problems. We present a number of ways of how to obtain such maps for realworld applications. The first is based on knowledge of the building layout and applies a diffusion algorithm to compute an estimate of the probability distribution of the motion direction of a pedestrian at each point in the building. Second, we compare these maps with those obtained using simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) by applying FootSLAM, which requires no sensors other than a source of dead reckoning. The map concept can be further extended in order to include features that are relevant to radio-based localization techniques, like transmitter positions and a model for radio propagation or, eventually, a database of fingerprints. The influence of the different kinds of maps on positioning accuracy is discussed in detail, and the maps are compared to each other by means of metrics derived from information theory.