gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oncogenic K-Ras Signals through Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Wild-Type H-Ras to Promote Radiation Survival in Pancreatic and Colorectal Carcinoma Cells (2007)

Pancreatic and colorectal carcinomas frequently express oncogenic/mutant K-Ras that contributes to both tumorigenesis and clinically observed resistance to radiation treatment. We have previously shown that farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTI) radiosensitize many pancreatic and colorectal cancer cell lines that express oncogenic K-ras at doses that inhibit the prenylation and activation of H-Ras but not K-Ras. In the present study, we have examined the mechanism of FTI-mediated radiosensitization in cell lines that express oncogenic K-Ras and found that wild-type H-Ras is a contributor to radiation survival in tumor cells that express oncogenic K-Ras. In these experiments, inhibiting the expression of oncogenic K-Ras, wild-type H-Ras, or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) led to similar levels of radiosensitization as treatment with the FTI tipifarnib. Treatment with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib led to similar levels of radiosensitization, and the combinations of tipifarnib or gefitinib plus inhibition of K-Ras, H-Ras, or EGFR expression did not provide additional radiosensitization compared with tipifarnib or gefitinib alone. Finally, supplementing culture medium with the EGFR ligand transforming growth factor alpha was able to reverse the radiosensitizing effect of inhibiting K-ras expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that EGFR-activated H-Ras signaling is initiated by oncogenic K-Ras to promote radiation survival in pancreatic and colorectal cancers.
Rifabutin‐ and furazolidone‐based <scp>Helicobacter pylori</scp> eradication therapies after failure of standard first‐ and second‐line eradication attempts in dyspepsia patients (2004)

Available H. pylori eradication therapies remain very effective and compliance to guidelines achieves high success rates. Furazolidone-based 'rescue' regimen achieved high eradication rates after failure of the standard first-line, second-line and rifabutin-based therapies.
On spinal osteochondromas (1992)

Osteochondromas (or osteocartilaginous exostoses) make up about 30% to 40% of benign bone tumors. Most are solitary lesions but some are multiple, usually with autosomal dominant inheritance. From 1% to 4% of osteochondromas occur in the spine, where they can cause a variety of signs and symptoms, including those of spinal cord or spinal root compression. The authors present five patients with osteochondromas of the spine and review the findings together with those of over 130 cases reported since 1907. The cases were divided into: 1) spinal osteochondromas in patients with multiple osteochondromas, and 2) solitary osteochondromas occurring in the spine. The age (mean +/- standard error of the mean) of patients in the first group was 21.6 +/- 1.8 years compared to 30.0 +/- 2.1 years for those in the second group (p less than 0.02). There was a significant male predominance overall (M:F = 2.5:1; p less than 0.0005). In both groups, one-half of the lesions involved the cervical spine. Symptoms are caused by pressure on adjacent structures. Spinal cord compression was reported more than twice as frequently in the multiple osteochondroma group as in the single osteochondroma group (77% vs 33%; p less than 0.0005). Computerized tomography (CT) is the imaging procedure of choice. In both groups, the majority of surgically treated patients (90% and 88%, respectively) improve, with about three-quarters of the improved patients having no residual disease or only minor deficits.
Nystagmus testing in intoxicated individuals. (2003)

The HGN test administered in the standing, seated, and supine postures is able to discriminate impairment at criterion BACs of 0.08% and 0.10%. The VGN test can identify high levels of impairment at any test posture. Therefore, these tests can be used by an officer to determine if a driver is impaired, regardless of whether the driver is standing, seated, or supine.
Advanced a-VMCO resistive switching memory through inner interface engineering with wide (>10<sup>2</sup>) on/off window, tunable μA-range switching current and excellent variability (2016)

We demonstrate an advanced a-VMCO nonfilamentary resistive switching memory cell with self-rectifying, self-compliant, forming-free and analog behavior. A BEOL-compatible process yields devices with excellent device-to-device variability, down to 40nm size. Detailed analysis of the a-Si/TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface enables understanding the barrier resistance modulation, engineered for wider on/off window and current reduction, while preserving an excellent variability. Inner-interface engineered devices have an on/off window well above 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and reset switching currents of down to ~1uA for 40nm-size cells, scaling with size, without compromising reliability. Furthermore, vertical stack scaling allows to reduce the operating voltages, while preserving or tuning device figures.
On the Potential of Galinstan-Based Minichannel and Minigap Cooling (2013)

Galinstan, a gallium, indium, and tin eutectic, may be exploited for enhanced cooling of microelectronics because of its favorable thermophysical properties. A careful evaluation of its cooling potential, however, has not been undertaken. Provided here is a first-order model to compute the total (i.e., caloric plus conjugate conduction and convection) thermal resistance of galinstan-based heat sinks. Geometrically optimized minichannel heat sinks with rectangular channels for surface area enhancement and minigap, i.e., single parallel-plate channel, heat sinks are considered. Direct liquid cooling of a microprocessor die is envisioned. Therefore, the flow channels within the heat sinks are 302- μm tall, the pressure drop prescribed across them is 214 kPa, and their streamwise length is varied from 5 to 20 mm. The calculations suggest that galinstan is a better coolant than water in such configurations, reducing thermal resistance by about 40%.
Computer prediction of neonatal outcome and comparison with assessments by physicians and midwives (2003)

A simple statistical model for the prediction of 1' and 5' Apgar scores is implemented by computer and tested prospectively in 1000 deliveries. Data consist of model predictions in early labor and prior to delivery. Independent predictions of neonatal outcome by physicians and midwives are also included. While the predictive value of the original model is 81.6%, the overall predictive value of the computer model and of the physicians' assessments is only 67%. This finding is consistent irrespective of the time of prediction. Several factors are analyzed for possible association with the decrease in the model's predictive value. It is concluded that the development of a simple yet highly predictive model cannot be achieved. While measures for assessing the usefulness of the model need to take the effect of medical management into account, model optimization and the use of additional variables are indicated in order to improve sensitivity and specificity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Brain Computer Interface Design Using Band Powers Extracted During Mental Tasks (2005)

In this paper, a brain computer interface (BCI) is designed using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals where the subjects have to think of only a single mental task. The method uses spectral power and power difference in 4 bands: delta and theta, beta, alpha and gamma. This could be used as an alternative to the existing BCI designs that require classification of several mental tasks. In addition, an attempt is made to show that different subjects require different mental task for minimising the error in BCI output. In the experimental study, EEG signals were recorded from 4 subjects while they were thinking of 4 different mental tasks. Combinations of resting (baseline) state and another mental task are studied at a time for each subject. Spectral powers in the 4 bands from 6 channels are computed using the energy of the elliptic FIR filter output. The mental tasks are detected by a neural network classifier. The results show that classification accuracy up to 97.5% is possible, provided that the most suitable mental task is used. As an application, the proposed method could be used to move a cursor on the screen. If cursor movement is used with a translation scheme like Morse code, the subjects could use the proposed BCI for constructing letters/words. This would be very useful for paralysed individuals to communicate with their external surroundings
Evidence-based static branch prediction using machine learning (1997)

Correctly predicting the direction that branches will take is increasingly important in today's wide-issue computer architectures. The name program-based branch prediction is given to static branch prediction techniques that base their prediction on a program's structure. In this article, we investigate a new approach to program-based branch prediction that uses a body of existing programs to predict the branch behavior in a new program. We call this approach to program-based branch prediction evidence-based static prediction , or ESP. The main idea of ESP is that the behavior of a corpus of programs can be used to infer the behavior of new programs. In this article, we use neural networks and decision trees to map static features associated with each branch to a prediction that the branch will be taken. ESP shows significant advantages over other prediction mechanisms. Specifically, it is a program-based technique; it is effective across a range of programming languages and programming styles; and it does not rely on the use of expert-defined heuristics. In this article, we describe the application of ESP to the problem of static branch prediction and compare our results to existing program-based branch predictors. We also investigate the applicability of ESP across computer architectures, programming languages, compilers, and run-time systems. We provide results showing how sensitive ESP is to the number and type of static features and programs included in the ESP training sets, and we compare the efficacy of static branch prediction for subroutine libraries. Averaging over a body of 43 C and Fortran programs, ESP branch prediction results in a miss rate of 20%, as compared with the 25% miss rate obtained using the best existing program-based heuristics.
Bright-Field <i>HER2</i> Dual In Situ Hybridization (DISH) Assay vs Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) (2013)

Despite some technical and interpretational issues associated with DISH, it compares favorably with FISH in this group of challenging breast cancer cases.
Cold shock stress-induced proteins in Bacillus subtilis (1996)

Bacteria respond to a decrease in temperature with the induction of proteins that are classified as cold-induced proteins (CIPs). Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we analyzed the cold shock response in Bacillus subtilis. After a shift from 37 to 15 degrees C the synthesis of a majority of proteins was repressed; in contrast, 37 proteins were synthesized at rates higher than preshift rates. One hour after cold shock, the induction of CIPs decreased, and after 2 h, general protein synthesis resumed. The identified main CIPs were excised from two-dimensional gels and were subjected to microsequencing. Three small acidic proteins that showed the highest relative induction after cold shock were highly homologous and belonged to a protein family of which one member, the major cold shock protein, CspB, has previously been characterized. Two-dimensional gel analyses of a cspB null mutant revealed that CspB affects the level of induction of several CIPs. Other identified CIPs function at various levels of cellular physiology, such as chemotaxis (CheY), sugar uptake (Hpr), translation (ribosomal proteins S6 and L7/L12), protein folding (PPiB), and general metabolism (CysK, Ilvc, Gap, and triosephosphate isomerase).
The radiation-induced bystander effect: evidence and significance (2004)

A multitude of biological effects observed over the past two decades in various in vivo and in vitro cell culture experiments have indicated that low dose/low fluence ionizing radiation has significantly different biological responses than high dose radiation. Exposure of cell populations to very low fluences of alpha-particles or incorporated radionuclides results in significant biological effects occurring in both the irradiated and nonirradiated cells in the population. Cells recipient of growth medium from irradiated cultures can also respond to the radiation exposure. This phenomenon, termed the 'bystander response', has been postulated to impact both the estimation of risks of exposure to ionizing radiation and radiotherapy. Amplification of radiation-induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects by the bystander effect is in contrast to the observations of adaptive responses, which are generally induced following exposure to low dose, low linear energy transfer radiation and which tend to attenuate radiation-induced damage. In this article, the evidence for existence of radiation-induced bystander effects and our current knowledge of the biochemical and molecular events involved in mediating these effects are described. Potential similarities between factors that mediate the radiation-induced bystander and adaptive responses are highlighted.
IMPROVE MAINTENANCE EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY BY USING HISTORICAL BREAKDOWN DATA FROM A CMMS : Exploring the possibilities for CBM in the Manufacturing Industry (2018)

Purpose: Explore how historical data from a CMMS can be used in order to improve maintenance effectiveness and efficiency of activities, and investigate the possibilities for CBM in the manufacturing industry in the context of digitalization. Research questions: RQ1: To what extent could condition-based maintenance or other maintenance types being used in order to predict, prevent or in other way eliminate historical breakdowns/faults? RQ2: Which significance has an organization's degree of maturity to reduce the number of breakdowns? Method: A case study was performed at Volvo Construction Equipment Operations in Eskilstuna, who manufactures machinery for the construction industry. The case study was compiled in two phases. Phase one was a quantitative study where raw data were collected from a CMMS and tabulated in order to later perform in-depth analysis. Phase two was designed to collect information that generated a wider understanding of the research area, by performing interviews and observations. A literature study was performed to compare the empirical findings with peer-reviewed information to ensure the quality of the study. The data is compiled and analyzed with an abductive approach. The analysis was followed by a discussion of how the research findings could support identifying possibilities of different maintenance types in the future. Conclusion: The result showed that using historical breakdown data from a CMMS can be useful in order to identify organization’s current state and what possibilities different maintenance types have to decrease the number of breakdowns. To what extent the breakdowns can be decreased relies not only on the maintenance type but also an organizations maturity level. The case study´s result showed that by combining different maintenance types and increasing degree of maturity, Volvo could decrease the historical breakdowns with 86,5%. By only using CBM with current maturity level, 56% of the historical breakdowns could be predicted. However, to decide how many breakdowns that is cost-effective to prevent and precisely what maintenance type that should be used requires a cost analysis which this study is not covering.
Optimal Dosing for Targeted Therapies in Oncology: Drug Development Cases Leading by Example (2015)

One of the key objectives of oncology first-in-human trials has often been to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). However, targeted therapies might not exhibit dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) at doses significantly higher than sufficiently active doses, and there is frequently a limited ability to objectively quantify adverse events. Thus, while MTD-based determination of recommended phase II dose may have yielded appropriate dosing for some cytotoxics, targeted therapeutics (including monoclonal antibodies and/or immunotherapies) sometimes need alternative or complementary strategies to help identify dose ranges for a randomized dose-ranging study. One complementary strategy is to define a biologically efficacious dose (BED) using an "effect marker." An effect marker could be a target engagement, pharmacodynamic, or disease progression marker (change in tumor size for solid tumors or bone marrow blast count for some hematologic tumors). Although the concept of BED has been discussed extensively, we review specific examples in which the approach influenced oncology clinical development. Data extracted from the literature and the examples support improving dose selection strategies to benefit patients, providers, and the biopharmaceutical industry. Although the examples illustrate key contributions of effect markers in dose selection, no one-size-fits-all approach to dosing can be justified. Higher-than-optimal dosing can increase toxicity in later trials (and in clinical use), which can have a negative impact on efficacy (via lower adherence or direct sequelae of toxicities). Proper dose selection in oncology should follow a multifactorial decision process leading to a randomized, dose-ranging study instead of a single phase II dose.
Tamoxifen-mediated growth inhibition of human cholangiocarcinoma. (1997)

Cholangiocarcinoma represents a challenging primary malignancy of the liver with no effective medical therapy and a poor prognosis. We have investigated the role of tamoxifen and estrogen receptors (ERs) in the regulation of growth of human cholangiocarcinoma. Two human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, OZ and SK-ChA-1, were grown in the presence of graded concentrations of tamoxifen; the effects on cell growth were determined by cell counting or 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium proliferation assay. The presence of ER protein was tested by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. In addition, cells were grown in estrogen-depleted media supplemented with exogenous 17beta-estradiol. ER mRNA was evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR and Northern blotting. Finally, one cholangiocarcinoma cell line was grown as a xenograft in athymic nude mice; tamoxifen effects on in vivo tumor growth were determined with biweekly caliper measurements. Tamoxifen (5-10 microM) caused dose-dependent in vitro growth inhibition of two human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. In addition, growth inhibition of one cell line (SK-ChA-1) grown as a xenograft in nude mice by tamoxifen was observed. The presence of ER protein was suggested by 17beta-estradiol stimulation of tumor cell growth in vitro and confirmed by immunoprecipitation. Immunofluorescence microscopy was ineffective at detection of ER protein. Reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated the presence of ER mRNA in both cell lines. Northern blot analysis confirmed the presence of full-length 6.5-kb ER mRNA. No ER deletion mutants were detected. Tamoxifen inhibited the growth of human cholangiocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. ER protein and mRNA were detected in both cell lines. The mechanism(s) of tamoxifen-mediated growth inhibition is unclear but may occur via ER protein or additional pathways. The ability of tamoxifen to inhibit tumor growth may offer an alternative adjunctive treatment for cholangiocarcinoma.
Pattern classification in dynamic environments: tagged feature-class representation and the classifiers (1989)

The author discusses: a tagged feature and class representation of the pattern recognition problem in a dynamic environment; univariate cooperative classifiers that are based on statistical feature evaluation and impose no constraint on the variations of the sets of classes and features; and inductive learning procedures that are used to create a class-feature space adaptive to the variations of the dynamic environment. The univariate classifier and the cooperative classifier apply a classify-by-rejection approach to a candidate class set. The classification is based on the individual evaluation of the features presented in the sample patterns and the classes. The tagged feature-class space permits convenient building of a hierarchical structure of the classifications A content-addressable data retrieved characteristic is possessed by both types of classifier. Experimental results on the classifiers are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Leucocyte recruitment in rupture prone regions of lipid-rich plaques: a prominent role for neovascularization? (1999)

Neovascularisation and expression of adhesion molecules by microvessels at sites of vulnerable lipid-rich plaques may sustain the influx of inflammatory cells and hence, could contribute to plaque destabilization.
A regulator for aircraft D-C generators (1961)

IN ORDER to self-excite and regulate a d-c generator, a device is needed which can vary the current supplied to the shunt field of the machine so that regulated voltage results over a wide range of speed and load. In addition, it must provide some means of load sharing when one generator and its regulator are paralleled with one or more identical systems. In 71 C ambient, this can be accomplished by a carbon-pile regulator or by a switching-type regulator using germanium transistors.
Paenibacillus gansuensis sp. nov., isolated from desert soil of Gansu Province in China (2006)

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain B518(T), was isolated from a desert-soil sample from Gansu Province in China. The isolate was strictly aerobic and was motile by means of several flagella. The strain grew optimally at 35-40 degrees C and at pH 7.0-7.5. The predominant fatty acids of strain B518(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 50 mol% and the predominant quinone was MK-7. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain B518(T) formed a distinct phyletic line within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus chitinolyticus IFO 15660(T), with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.8 %. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to other type strains of Paenibacillus species were below 95.1 %. On the basis of the chemotaxonomic data and molecular properties, strain B518(T) represents a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus gansuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B518(T) (=KCTC 3950(T)=DSM 16968(T)).
Effects of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitor Vildagliptin on Incretin Hormones, Islet Function, and Postprandial Glycemia in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance (2007)

The known effects of vildagliptin on incretin levels and islet function in type 2 diabetes were reproduced in subjects with IGT, with a 32% reduction in postprandial glucose excursions and no evidence of hypoglycemia or weight gain.