gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond Human-level License Plate Super-resolution with Progressive Vehicle Search and Domain Priori GAN (2017)

In this paper, we address the challenging problem of vehicle license plate image super-resolution. Different from existing image super-resolution approaches only resorted to one single image, we propose to leverage complementary information from multiple images to recover the license plate numbers. To achieve this goal, we design a principled license plate images super-resolution framework which is composed of two components: progressive vehicle search and Domain Priori GAN (DP-GAN). Particularly, we design a null space based progressive vehicle search approach to retrieve the relevant images captured by different cameras given one vehicle with a low-resolution license plate. To handle the extremely varied license plate images caused by different sensors, times, depths, and viewpoints, we also propose a DP-GAN framework to generate multiple spatial correspondences and high-resolution plate images. In the generator network of DP-GAN, a license plate synthesis pipeline is exploited to generate the nearly canonical license plates. In the discriminator network, a spatial split layer is designed to simultaneously preserve the global and local manufacture standards of the license plate. Finally, a multiple images super-resolution GAN is exploited to combine all the synthetic license plates into one high-resolution image. Different from previous super-resolution criteria mainly focus on pixel-level detail recovery condition, we leverage the downstream tasks, i.e. license plate recognition and vehicle search as criteria. The results on a new collected real-world dataset demonstrate that the proposed method achieves the beyond human-level license plate super-resolution performance for automatic license plate recognition and vehicle search.
Activation of Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> by Amyloid β-Peptides <i>in Vitro</i> (1996)

Amyloid beta-peptides (A beta) are centrally involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Using secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from porcine pancreas as a model and in the presence of a limiting Ca2+ concentration of approximately 50 nM, the synthetic peptide A beta 1-42 activates the hydrolysis of the pyrene-labeled acidic phospholipid analog 1-palmitoyl-2-[(pyren-1-yl)]hexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (PPHPG) maximally 2.3-fold, whereas an inhibition of PLA2 action by 50% on the corresponding phosphatidylcholine derivative (PPHPC) was observed. The above effects were evident at 0.24 nM A beta 1-42 corresponding to A beta 1-42:phospholipid and A beta 1-42:PLA2 molar ratios of 1:10 650 and 1:7.6, respectively. The presence of 10 mol % 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (POPG) in PPHPC reversed the inhibitory effect of A beta 1-42 peptide and for these vesicles the hydrolytic activity of PLA2 toward the fluorescent phosphatidylcholine was enhanced approximately 1.8-fold by A beta 1-42. In contrast, inclusion of 10 mol % POPG into PPHPG did not influence either the hydrolytic rate toward the latter lipid or the activating effect of A beta 1-42. Ca2+ concentrations exceeding 15 microM abolished the enhancing effect of A beta 1-42 on the hydrolysis of PPHPG whereas a slight activation of PPHPC hydrolysis now became evident. With limiting [Ca2+] preaggregated A beta 1-42 enhanced the hydrolysis of both PPHPG as well as PPHPC but the peptide concentrations required were higher by 3-4 orders of magnitude. The synthetic peptide A beta 25-35 corresponding to the hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment of the beta amyloid precursor protein activated PLA2 when using PPHPG as a substrate; however, compared to A beta 1-42 the extent of activation was less (approximately 2-fold) and required higher (1 nM) peptide. A beta 25-35 did not affect the hydrolysis of the phosphatidylcholine derivative. The hydrophilic peptide A beta 1-28 had no effect on PLA2-catalyzed hydrolysis of either PPHPG or PPHPC under the conditions used in the present study. Interestingly, the above activating effects of A beta 1-42 and A beta 25-35 on PLA2-catalyzed hydrolysis of the acidic phospholipid substrate parallel their toxicity on cultured neurons whereas A beta 1-28 had no influence either on cultured cells or on PLA2 activity.
Array Synthesis in Systemc Hardware Compilation (2007)

This paper discusses the mapping of arrays in a high-level SystemC description to hardware. Normally, arrays are implemented as register files using general purpose logic. Modern FPGAs however contain a large number of RAM blocks which can used to implement arrays instead. Memories have a limited number of ports and mapping arrays to multiport memories involves assigning each array access to a port. Whilst in RTL synthesis this choice is made by the designer, hardware compilation does not offer this level of control. In this paper, an algorithm is presented that automatically assigns accesses to ports such that no memory port is ever accessed more than once in a clock cycle. Unlike previous methods, the proposed algorithm assigns accesses to read/write-only ports and read-write ports concurrently, solving the assignment problem more efficiently for a wider range of memories. The method has been implemented in a commercial SystemC hardware compiler and results show a significant reduction in logic when implementing arrays in memory.
Membrane stabilizing effect of lysolecithin in calf red blood cells. (1980)

Lysolecithin sensitivity of red blood cells of 4--6 weeks old calves and 5--10 years old cattles was compared in the presence of 1 and 10 microM lysolecithin. When the incubation temperature of red blood cell suspension was increased from 0 or 22 degrees C to 37 degrees C, the addition of 1 microM lysolecithin resulted in reduction of haemolysis and relative stabilization of the membrane as compared to that observed in lysolecithin-free medium. This stabilizing effect was found first of all in calf red blood cells. This effect is hardly detectable in adult cattle red blood cells. ATP depletion resulted in reduction of the stabilizing effect of lysolecithin in calf red blood cells as well. In the presence of 10 microM lysolecithin elevation of the incubation temperature from 22 degrees C to 37 degrees C enhanced the haemolysis of calf red blood cells, while the haemolysis of adult cattle red blood cells was practically not affected. The present results indicate that lysolecithin sensitivity of red blood cells is remarkably different in new-born and adult animals.
Numerical Simulation of the Viscohyperelastic Behaviour of PET near the Glass Transition Temperature (2016)

equation Abstract: The presentation deals with the non linear strongly elastic and viscous behaviour of poly ethylene terephthalate near the glass transition temperature and biaxially stretched at high strain rates representative of the injection stretch blow moulding process. A non linear visco-hyperelastic model identified from the experimental results of the equi-biaxial tension test is implemented into a finite element code developed in the Matlab environment. The thermal behaviour modelling, identification and simulation has also been managed. The model was used to simulate the 2D plane stress case and then was applied to a 2D axi-symmetric case. Both simulations are compared with equi biaxial testing. The final goal of this work is to perform the free blowing simulation to compare with experimental data. Therefore, we should solve an iterative procedure for a thermo-mechanical equation. At each time step, the proposed visco-hyperelastic model is used for the mechanical part, and a classical heat transfer equation is discretized for the thermal part. All mechanical parameters are reactualized from the temperature field.
The accuracy and value of machine-generated image tags (2010)

Automated image tagging is a problem of great interest, due to the proliferation of photo sharing services. Researchers have achieved considerable advances in understanding motivations and usage of tags, recognizing relevant tags from image content, and leveraging community input to recommend more tags. In this work we address several important issues in building an end-to-end image tagging application, including tagging vocabulary design, taxonomy-based tag refinement, classifier score calibration for effective tag ranking, and selection of valuable tags, rather than just accurate ones. We surveyed users to quantify tag utility and error tolerance, and use this data in both calibrating scores from automatic classifiers and in taxonomy based tag expansion. We also compute the relative importance among tags based on user input and statistics from Flickr. We present an end-to-end system evaluated on thousands of user-contributed photos using 60 popular tags. We can issue four tags per image with over 80% accuracy, up from 50% baseline performance, and we confirm through a comparative user study that value-ranked tags are preferable to accuracy-ranked tags.
Treatment of Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium vivax with Chloroquine and Primaquine or Halofantrine (1995)

Optimal therapy for infection by chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax has not been established. From 1992 to 1994 during three separate studies, 147 Javanese residents of Irian Jaya infected by P. vivax were treated with either chloroquine (25 mg of base/kg during 3 days or 10 mg of base/kg in one dose) plus primaquine (10 mg/kg during 28 days or 2.5 mg/kg during 3 days) (n = 78), chloroquine plus placebo (n = 50), or halofantrine (24 mg base/kg in 12 h; n = 19). There was no difference in tolerance to or side effects of any of the regimens. Within 14 days of starting therapy, therapeutic failure among these patients was 44% for chloroquine, 5% for chloroquine plus primaquine (P < .001), and 0 for halofantrine (P < .001). After 28 days, therapeutic failure was 78%, 15%, and 6%, respectively. Thus, chloroquine plus primaquine in combination and halofantrine alone are effective therapies for chloroquine-resistant P. vivax.
Low uncertainty broadband EMC measurement using calculable precision biconical antennas (2002)

It has been extensively studied and reported that uncertainties as low as 0.11 dB for antenna factor (AF) characterization can be achieved using FitzGerrell (1986) dipole antennas. Although it has been suggested to use these dipoles for swept frequency measurements, broadband biconical antennas have not been investigated and reported in literature in a similar manner. A pair of precision biconical antennas was constructed to investigate this possibility. The antennas were numerically simulated in the frequency range of 30-300 MHz above an infinite conducting ground plane and in free space. The numerical results were combined with the measured S-parameters of the baluns to give the theoretical site attenuation. It has been shown that the standard site method adopted by ANSI C63.4 can have systematic errors in normalized site attenuation larger than 4 dB using free-space biconical AFs from 30 to 300 MHz. The numerical approach described in this paper is shown to be capable of providing theoretical site attenuation values that are within a fraction of a dB of measured results.
Cartilage Regeneration Using Principles of Tissue Engineering (2001)

It is well known that articular cartilage in adults has a limited ability for self-repair. Numerous methods have been devised to augment its natural healing response, but these methods generally lead to filling of the defect with fibrous tissue or fibrocartilage, which lacks the mechanical characteristics of articular cartilage and fails with time. Recently, tissue engineering has emerged as a new discipline that amalgamates aspects from biology, engineering, materials science, and surgery and that has as a goal the fabrication of functional new tissues to replace damaged tissues. The emergence of tissue engineering has facilitated the generation of new concepts and the revival of old ideas all of which has allowed a fresh approach to the repair or regeneration of tissues such as cartilage. The collaborations between scientists with different backgrounds and expertise has allowed the identification of some key principles that serve as the basis for the development of therapeutic approaches that now are less empiric and more hypothesis-driven than ever before. The current authors review some of the considerations regarding the various models used to test and validate the above repair methods and to address different aspects of the cartilage repair paradigm. Also, some key principles identified from past and current research, the need for the development of new biomaterials, and considerations in scale-up of cell-biomaterial constructs are summarized.
Adaptive phase control for three phase PWM AC-to-DC converters with constant switching frequency (2002)

An adaptive phase control (APC) scheme is proposed for three phase AC-to-DC converters to improve the power factor and minimize harmonic distortion. The APC scheme employs PWM principle and uses separated regulation loops for phase regulation and amplitude regulation to control the phase of the line current so that the converter draws nearly sine wave current with unity power factor. DC voltage regulation with fast dynamic response is achieved by the amplitude regulation loop. The inherent bidirectional power flow is an important property for motor drives with regenerative operation. Moreover, the converter is operated at a constant switching frequency around 1 kHz, which is favorable for high power applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biochemical characterization of the metallo-beta-lactamase CcrA from Bacteroides fragilis TAL3636 (1992)

The CcrA beta-lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis TAL3636 was cloned into Escherichia coli and purified from inclusion bodies. This group 3 metalloenzyme hydrolyzed most beta-lactam antibiotics, including cephamycins and carbapenems. Following inhibition by chelators, enzyme activity was recovered with the cations Zn2+ and Co2+. Clavulanate and sulbactam were activators; tazobactam at 10 microM inactivated the enzyme.
Compact range reflector edge treatment impact on antenna and scattering measurements (1997)

Compact range measurements with a serrated edge and a blended, rolled edge reflector are compared. This is done by using simulated antenna pattern and backscattered field measurements. The measurement errors caused by stray signals emanating from the edge termination of reflector are discussed. It has been found that different stray signal sources impact on the measurement accuracy from different aspect angles. In addition, the measurement accuracy achievable with different reflector systems is dependent on the characteristics of the antenna or scatterer under test. From these findings, one will be better able to understand how well these two types of reflectors will perform in terms of accurately providing the proposed measurements. Consequently, one will be able to choose the best reflector design for his/her application.
Tailoring Dispersion for Broadband Low-loss Optical Metamaterials Using Deep-subwavelength Inclusions (2013)

Metamaterials have the potential to create optical devices with new and diverse functionalities based on novel wave phenomena. Most practical optical systems require that the device properties be tightly controlled over a broad wavelength range. However, optical metamaterials are inherently dispersive, which limits operational bandwidths and leads to high absorption losses. Here, we show that deep-subwavelength inclusions can controllably tailor the dispersive properties of an established metamaterial structure thereby producing a broadband low-loss optical device with a desired response. We experimentally verify this by optimizing an array of nano-notch inclusions, which perturb the mode patterns and strength of the primary and secondary fishnet nanostructure resonances and give an optically thin mid-wave-infrared filter with a broad transmissive pass-band and near-constant group delay. This work outlines a powerful new strategy for realizing a wide range of broadband optical devices that exploit the unique properties of metamaterials.
Super-resolution from multiple views using learnt image models (2005)

The objective of the work presented is the super-resolution restoration of a set of images, and we investigate the use of learnt image models within a generative Bayesian framework. It is demonstrated that restoration of far higher quality than that determined by classical maximum likelihood estimation can be achieved by either constraining the solution to lie on a restricted sub-space, or by using the sub-space to define a spatially varying prior. This sub-space can be learnt from image examples. The methods are applied to both real and synthetic images of text and faces, and results are compared to R.R. Schultz and R.L. Stevenson's (1996) MAP estimator. We consider in particular images of scenes for which the point-to-point mapping is a plane projective transformation which has 8 degrees of freedom. In the real image examples, registration is obtained from the images using automatic methods.
THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG DONOR-RECIPIENT HLA MISMATCHES, REJECTION, AND DEATH FROM CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN CARDIAC TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS1 (1994)

Review of 448 cyclosporine-treated heart transplant recipients was undertaken to examine the relationship of donor-recipient HLA compatibility to patient survival, rejection, and death from coronary artery disease (CAD). Pre-Tx crossmatching and panel-reactive antibody (PRA) were correlated to survival as well. Overall patient survivals were 78%, 70%, and 65% at 1,3, and 5 years post-Tx, respectively. Matching of donor-recipient HLA did not improve outcome in that 1,3, and 5 years survivals for well-matched (< or = 2 A, B, or 0-1 DR mismatches [MMs]) vs. poorly matched (> 2 A, B, or 2 DR MMs) recipients were comparable and not significantly different. Well-matched recipients, however, experienced significantly fewer rejections (1.06 +/- 1.2 vs. 1.96 +/- 1.0, P < 0.01 for < or = 2 A, BMMs vs. > 2 A, B MMs and 1.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 2.0 +/- 1.1 for 0-1 DR MMs vs. 2 DR MMs, P < 0.01). Moreover, HLA-DR, but not HLA A, B was a significant (P < 0.01) predictor of early rejection (<30 days) in that 65% (165/254) of poorly matched vs. only 40% (95/194) of well-matched HLA-DR recipients experienced early rejections. Interestingly, an inverse relationship was found between HLA A and B MM, but not HLA-DR MM, and death from coronary artery disease in that 17% (19/11) of well matched vs 9% (32/327) of poorly matched patients died from CAD. Pre-Tx PRA did not impact patient survival or rejection. Donor-recipient crossmatching was performed utilizing the NIH and/or antiglobulin (AHG) procedures. No survival differences were observed at 1, 2, and 3 years post-Tx when comparing outcome for the 24 NIH crossmatch (XM)-positive (+) with the 424 NIH-XM-negative displayed a positive AHG recipient antidonor displayed a positive AHG recipient antidonor reactivity. When these 10 AHG-XM (+) sera were treated with dithioerythritol (to inactivate IgM) all 10 converted to a negative reactivity, indicating that a positive crossmatch due to IgM reactivity should not be considered a contraindication to cardiac transplantation. These data also suggest that the reactivity of the 24 NIH-XM(+) sera were most likely due to IgM, and that poorly matched heart recipients may benefit from a more aggressive immunosuppressive regimen to prevent early rejections.
The amide linkage : structural significance in chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science (2003)

Preface.Contributors.The Electron Density Distribution of Amides and Related Compounds (C. Breneman & M. Martinov).Origin of the Amide Rotational Barrier (K. Wiberg).The Amide Linkage as a Ligand--Its Properties and the Role of Distortion (A. Greenberg).Studies in Amide Hydrolysis: The Acid, Base, and Water Reactions (R. Brown).The Thermochemistry of Amides (J. Liebman, et al.).Stereospecificity in the alpha-Lactam (Aziridinone) Synthon (R. Hoffman).beta-Lactams: Cyclic Amides of Distinction (A. Bose, et al.).Sterically Hindered Twisted Amides (S. Yamada).Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Amides and Lactams (P. Rademacher).The Role of Amides in the Noncovalent Synthesis of Supramolecular Structures in Solution, at Interfaces, and in Solids (G. Palmore & J. MacDonald).beta-Lactam Antibacterial Agents: Computational Chemistry Investigations (D. Boyd).Three-Dimensional Design of Enzyme Inhibitors with Heterocyclic Amide Bond Mimics (R. Bohacek & W. Shakespeare).Ab Initio Conformational Analysis of Protein Subunits: A Case Study of the Serine Diamide Model (A. Perczel & I. Csizmadia).Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry of Amides, Peptides, and Proteins (C. Cassady).beta-Sheet Interactions Between Proteins (S. Maitra & J. Nowick).Head-to-Tail Cyclic Peptides and Cyclic Peptide Libraries (A. Spatola & P. Romanovskis).From Crystal Structures of Oligopeptides to Protein Folding: The Importance of Peptide Bond-Side Chain Hyperconjugation (A. Cieplak).Role of the Peptide Bond in Protein Structure and Folding (N. Kallenbach, et al.).Index.
Mild anatomical leg length discrepancy and musculoskeletal pathomechanics (2013)

Objective

The aim of this research is to study the musculoskeletal pathomechanics of anatomical leg length discrepancy (LLD) in relation to pelvic torsion and piriformis muscle malfunction.

Design

Prospective experiment, paired t-test.

Setting

Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center at National Taiwan University with instrumented gait laboratory.

Participants

Young mild LLD subjects without musculoskeletal disease

Main outcome measures

LLD, the pelvic inclinometer output Pt, the ROM of hip adduction ROMadd and internal rotation ROMint, the lateral directed ground reaction force If, and the internally rotated vertical moment Im.

Results

All the parameters had significant different from the longer limb to the shorter limb. Pt were negative for the shorter leg but positive for the counterlimb, ROMadd, and ROMint of the shorter limb were smaller than of the longer limb. If and Im of the shorter limb were larger than of the longer limb. All the parameter was correlated to the LLD except ΔIf.

Conclusion

Even mild LLD could lead pelvic torsion, which might cause the piriformis muscle tightness and limit the static ROM of hip of the shorter limb; in addition, affect the gait with lateral direction ground reaction force and vertical moment.
Degeneration of complex systems under multifrequent input signal (2002)

The problem of degeneration of multivariable continuous systems, arising at multifrequent mode of operation of systems in the case of harmonic input signal, is considered. The decision comes true with the help of condition number of frequent transfer matrices, designed with use of similarity concept of state component compelled of multivariable system to the source state of finite dimensional input signal and determined in result of the decision of the matrix Sylvester equation.
App.locky (2011)

Recently, it has become very hard for users to find their desired mobile services because the number of applications and Web services are rapidly increasing. Therefore, it is important to realize context-aware application recommendation. Because it is necessary to collect large learning data to estimate user's context, we propose a platform for collecting users' context and relationship between context and application by providing an application search system that inquires user's current context. We implemented a system named "App.Locky" based on our proposal and conducted experiments by publishing the system on the internet. As a result, we confirmed that collected search logs can be used to estimate user's context and relationship between context and application.