gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Video comparator system for early detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma</title> (1992)

The recognized incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in the United States is now rising faster than any other cancer, increasing by 83% from 1980 to 1987. Recent revelations that depletion of the earth's ozone layer is accelerating at a more rapid rate than previously believed can only exacerbate current projections for the increased incidence of this deadly disease. Because there is no good treatment for metastatic melanoma even small cancers often prove fatal if not detected early. Melanoma allowed to invade the subcutaneous tissue is associated with a five-year survival rate of only 44%. Ironically, few cancers provide a greater opportunity for early discovery and cure. Cutaneous melanoma is not only located where it is readily observed, but typically undergoes a `radial growth' phase prior to metastasis. During this phase the net growth is superficial and circumferential, gradually increasing the area of the lesion and changing its coloration. Screening measures for the early detection of melanoma must concentrate on two primary tasks: (1) detection of lesion changes indicative of the radial growth stage of malignancy and (2) alerting the patient and physician to the existence of a new or changed lesion on the skin. To accomplish these goals we have experimented with the applicability of a microcomputer based video imaging system which stores an image archive of historical reference images for each patient. With the acquisition of new images of the patient, easily registered with the archival images through a technique we have developed we are able to perform a blink comparison of the image pairs. This technique appears to be far more effective than currently used techniques for detecting changed lesions on a comprehensive basis.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐QUINOCYANINES WITH PHOSPHORUS‐CONTAINING SUBSTITUENTS (1985)

Abstract Durch Kondensation der Lepidinsalze (I) mit Orthoameisensäureethylester, Malonaldehyddianil oder Glutaconaldehyddianil werden die Carbo‐, Dicarbo‐ und Tricarbocyanine (II) hergestellt.
CD44 expression positively correlates with Foxp3 expression and suppressive function of CD4+ Treg cells (2009)

This article was reviewed by Dr. M. Lenardo, Dr. L. Klein & G. Wirnsberger (nominated by Dr. JC Zungia-Pfluker), and Dr. E.M. Shevach.
Uptake of glycine by field grown wheat (2001)

Summary Uptake of glycine, a simple organic nitrogen (N) source, directly from the soil is shown here in a conventionally cropped wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) field. Wheat plants were harvested after tracer injections into the soil of two forms of dual‐labelled amino acid; [ 13 C 2 ], [ 15 N]‐glycine and 2‐[ 13 C], [ 15 N]‐glycine. Uptake of intact amino acid was analysed by stable isotope–, and gas chromatography–, mass spectrometry. Significant increases in 13 C were found in root extracts for all glycine‐treated plants. Regression analysis of excess 13 C vs excess 15 N for the two glycine forms showed that at least 20% of absorbed glycine‐N was derived from uptake of intact glycine. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to verify the presence of intact dual‐labelled glycine in wheat roots. Results also indicated that glycine decarboxylase had a minor role in metabolism of absorbed glycine in wheat roots. Microbial metabolism in the soil did, however, result in rapid decarboxylation of added glycine. Field‐grown wheat takes up glycine directly from the soil; the dependence of agricultural plants on nitrate and ammonium as the only forms of available N is therefore questionable.
Segmental Prediction for Video Coding (2016)

The emerging standards for screen content coding (SCC) and 3D video coding known as High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)-SCC and 3D-HEVC, respectively, have been developed as extensions of HEVC. Compared with camera-captured video, screen content video and depth maps usually contain significantly fewer colors or sample intensities and much sharper edges in a frame. In this paper, a new coding method named segmental prediction is proposed to code screen content and depth maps more efficiently. First, samples in a prediction block are classified into several segments according to the sample intensities. Second, a particular predictor is calculated for each segment. Then an offset for a segment is derived at the encoder side and signaled to the decoder side. Finally, a single sample value is assigned to each segment in the reconstructed block. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve a 2.2% average Bjontegaard Distortion-rate (BD-rate) saving under the HEVC-SCC common test conditions (CTCs) for sequences of the category YUV, text and graphics with motion, 1080p, with the all intra configuration. It can also achieve a 0.6% average BD-rate saving for synthesized views under the 3D-HEVC CTCs with the random access configuration.
Multiplexed Cassegrain Reflector Antenna for Simultaneous Generation of Three Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) Modes (2016)

A multiplexed Cassegrain reflector antenna with a 2 × 2 open-ended rectangular waveguide (OERW) matrix feed and an orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode mux is proposed for the simultaneous generation of three OAM modes (l = 0, ±1). The OAM mode mux (OMM) was designed using sequential combinations of quadrature hybrids, crossovers, and phase shifters to multiplex and demultiplex three OAM modes at the same time. The 2 × 2 OERW matrix feed and the OMM were separately measured and their performances were verified according to proposed theories. A near-field antenna measurement for a multiplexed Cassegrain reflector antenna was conducted to obtain the far-field magnitude and phase patterns around polar elevation angle θ and azimuthal angle ϕ, thus confirming that our antenna can produce three OAM modes simultaneously. We also measured the communication link characteristics of two identical multiplexed antennas. The measurement results show that the channel isolation of three OAM modes is more than 12.7 [dB] and 17 [dB] for fixed and compensated receiver positions, respectively, indicating that the proposed antenna system can be used for independent communication links with the same frequency and polarisation.
Therapy for Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia Is Driven by the Cardiovascular Risk (2007)

The clinical course of polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) is characterized by an increased incidence of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications and an inherent tendency to progress into myelofibrosis or acute myeloid leukemia. Major predictors of vascular events are increasing age and previous thrombosis. Myelosuppressive drugs can reduce the rate of thromboses and hemorrhages, but there is concern that their use accelerates the rate of leukemic transformation. Thus, a risk-oriented management strategy is recommended. Low-risk patients with PV should be treated with phlebotomy and low-dose aspirin, whereas those with ET can be left untreated. Cytotoxic agents are recommended in high-risk cases and hydroxyurea is the drug of choice in most patients. Interferon alpha or anagrelide could be considered in selected young patients or as second-line therapy in those refractory or intolerant of hydroxyurea. The recent identification of JAK2V617F mutation in a substantial proportion of patients with PV and ET raises new questions regarding both risk classification and management, but additional studies on these issues are required.
Immunoscore: a new possible approach for melanoma classification (2014)

Meeting abstracts Increasing evidence has supported the hypothesis that cancer development is influenced by the host immune system. The number, type and location of the immune cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment (TILs) may either limit or promote tumor progression [[1][1]]. These
Edg-2/Vzg-1 Couples to the Yeast Pheromone Response Pathway Selectively in Response to Lysophosphatidic Acid (1998)

We have functionally expressed the human cDNA encoding the putative lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor Edg-2 (Vzg-1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in an attempt to determine the agonist specificity of this G-protein-coupled receptor. LPA activated the pheromone response pathway in S. cerevisiae expressing Edg-2 in a time- and dose-dependent manner as determined by induction of a pheromone-responsive FUS1::lacZ reporter gene. LPA-mediated activation of the pheromone response pathway was dependent on mutational inactivation of the SST2 gene, the GTPase-activating protein for the yeast G alpha protein (the GPA1 gene product). This indicates that, in sst2 delta yeast cells, Edg-2 can efficiently couple to the yeast heterotrimeric G-protein in response to LPA and activate the yeast mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. The Edg-2 receptor showed a high degree of specificity for LPA; other lyso-glycerophospholipids, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and diacyl-glycerophospholipids did not activate FUS1::lacZ. LPA analogs including a cyclic phosphoester form and ether-linked forms of LPA activated FUS1::lacZ, although fatty acid chains of 6 and 10 carbons did not activate FUS1::lacZ, suggesting a role for the side chain in ligand binding or receptor activation. These results indicate that Edg-2 encodes a highly specific LPA receptor.
A Drive-by-Microwave isolated gate driver with a high-speed voltage monitoring (2014)

A new isolated Drive-by-Microwave (DBM) gate driver with a high-speed voltage monitoring for over current detection is proposed, which is composed of a 2.4GHz GaN/Si DBM transmitter, DBM receiver chip and compact isolated couplers in a low-cost printed circuit board. The fabricated DBM gate driver demonstrates a 200 Mbps isolated data transmission and a GaN power switching device's driving with a turn-on skew rate of 4.2kV/us. Furthermore, it successfully detects the isolated 1.0Mbps monitoring signal at the secondary side without any isolated voltage source by means of detecting the 2.4GHz return power changing that results from the impedance miss matching of the varicap diode at a receiver.
Beam steering circular monopole arrays for wireless applications (1997)

We have present computations and experimental results on simple reactively steered monopole arrays intended for mobile communications applications. Both are in good agreement, and demonstrate appreciable directivities which might be useful in order to mitigate multipath propagation and enhance the useful range. We show experimental results intended to check the model validity on an 6 cm diameter array, constructed on a large metallic ground plane for 5 GHz operation. Such antennas are an interesting alternative to conformal arrays for millimeter-wave frequencies where the latter seem impractical. Difficulties which could arise in their practical implementation, are finite ground-plane effects, poor loss/isolation of the switches needed for steering, and complexity of the protocol between emitter and receiver to establish and maintain the communication.
تعیین تجربی مقدار و توزیع تنشهای پسماند در جوش چند پاسهی محیطی لولهی فولادی ترمومکانیکال (2014)

در این تحقیق ابتدا دو قطعه لوله‌ی 56 اینچ فولادی (از نوع درز جوش مارپیچ) با گرید ایکس 70 و ضخامت 780/0 اینچ بر اساس دستورالعمل ویژه‌ی شرکت ملی گاز ایران جوشکاری گردید. پس از آن، آزمون کرنش‌سنجی سوراخ در روی سطوح خارجی و داخلی لوله بر اساس استاندارد ASTM E 837 انجام شد. سپس مقادیر تنش پسماند با استفاده از این اطلاعات محاسبه گردید. نتایج تجربی نشان می‌دهد حداکثر تنش پسماند کششی (318 مگاپاسکال) در مرکز درز جوش در راستای محیطی سطح خارجی لوله به‌وجود می‌آید. هم‌چنین حداکثر تنش پسماند فشاری (137 مگاپاسکال) در راستاهای محیطی و محوری سطح داخلی لوله و در فاصله‌ی 30 میلی‌متر از مرکز جوش قرار دارد.
Novel hydroxyapatite/chitosan bilayered scaffold for osteochondral tissue-engineering applications: Scaffold design and its performance when seeded with goat bone marrow stromal cells (2006)

Recent studies suggest that bone marrow stromal cells are a potential source of osteoblasts and chondrocytes and can be used to regenerate damaged tissues using a tissue-engineering (TE) approach. However, these strategies require the use of an appropriate scaffold architecture that can support the formation de novo of either bone and cartilage tissue, or both, as in the case of osteochondral defects. The later has been attracting a great deal of attention since it is considered a difficult goal to achieve. This work consisted on developing novel hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) bilayered scaffold by combining a sintering and a freeze-drying technique, and aims to show the potential of such type of scaffolds for being used in TE of osteochondral defects. The developed HA/CS bilayered scaffolds were characterized by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, micro-computed tomography, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the mechanical properties of HA/CS bilayered scaffolds were assessed under compression. In vitro tests were also carried out, in order to study the water-uptake and weight loss profile of the HA/CS bilayered scaffolds. This was done by means of soaking the scaffolds into a phosphate buffered saline for 1 up to 30 days. The intrinsic cytotoxicity of the HA scaffolds and HA/CS bilayered scaffolds extract fluids was investigated by carrying out a cellular viability assay (MTS test) using Mouse fibroblastic-like cells. Results have shown that materials do not exert any cytotoxic effect. Complementarily, in vitro (phase I) cell culture studies were carried out to evaluate the capacity of HA and CS layers to separately, support the growth and differentiation of goat marrow stromal cells (GBMCs) into osteoblasts and chondrocytes, respectively. Cell adhesion and morphology were analysed by SEM while the cell viability and proliferation were assessed by MTS test and DNA quantification. The chondrogenic differentiation of GBMCs was evaluated measuring the glucosaminoglycans synthesis. Data showed that GBMCs were able to adhere, proliferate and osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity and immunocytochemistry assays after 14 days in osteogenic medium and into chondrocytes after 21 days in culture with chondrogenic medium. The obtained results concerning the physicochemical and biological properties of the developed HA/CS bilayered scaffolds, show that these constructs exhibit great potential for their use in TE strategies leading to the formation of adequate tissue substitutes for the regeneration of osteochondral defects.
Third-order TRANSPORT: A computer program for designing charged particle beam transport systems (1995)

TRANSPORT has been in existence in various evolutionary versions since 1963. The present version of TRANSPORT is a first-, second-, and third-order matrix multiplication computer program intended for the design of static-magnetic beam transport systems. This report discusses the following topics on TRANSPORT: Mathematical formulation of TRANSPORT; input format for TRANSPORT; summaries of TRANSPORT elements; preliminary specifications; description of the beam; physical elements; other transformations; assembling beam lines; operations; variation of parameters for fitting; and available constraints -- the FIT command.
Self tuning vector control for induction motors (2003)

The authors present a control scheme for adaptively updating the gains in the control loop of a voltage inverter-fed induction motor drive. The method is essentially an implementation of a parallel adaptive model following control (AMFC) system. The reference model is obtained assuming perfect decoupling conditions. The method presented allows simple design and implementation of the AMFC system, and the desired closed-loop performance is achieved under variations of different plant parameters including the rotor resistance. Since the rotor dynamics is included in the model, it describes the transient performance of a closed-loop system. Results of numerical simulations of a self-tuning vector controller using the adaptive model reference techniques are presented. The controller gains are adjusted to accommodate changes in the rotor resistance. The nonzero steady-state error indicates that the PI gains need to be included in the adaptation loop.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of CD14 Blockade on Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice (2003)

CD14 functions as a cell surface receptor for endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and is thought to have an essential role in innate immune responses to infection. Previous studies have revealed attenuation of the systemic response after sepsis by blocking CD14. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that CD14 blockade protects against inflammatory responses associated with LPS pneumonia. We examined the effect of an anti-murine CD14 monoclonal antibody (4C1) on the development of acute lung injury induced by intratracheal LPS in mice. We also measured the production of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2) and nitric oxide by murine peritoneal macrophages exposed to LPS in vitro. Nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B translocation was evaluated in nuclear extracts from lung homogenates. 4C1 significantly attenuated pulmonary edema and neutrophil emigration after LPS administration. The production of cytokines and nitric oxide by LPS-stimulated macrophages was significantly decreased by 4C1 treatment. NF-kappa B translocation induced by LPS instillation was also suppressed by 4C1. These results suggest that blockade of CD14 might attenuate acute lung injury after intratracheal instillation of LPS through the suppression of NF-kappa B translocation. The inhibitory effect of CD14 blockade on cytokine production and nitric oxide release of macrophages might contribute to the attenuation of lung injury.
Dependence of radar backscatter on coniferous forest biomass (1992)

Two independent experimental efforts have examined the dependence of radar backscatter on above-ground biomass of monospecie conifer forests using polarimetric airborne SAR data at P-, L- and C-bands. Plantations of maritime pines near Landes, France, range in age from 8 to 46 years with above-ground biomass between 5 and 105 tons/ha. Loblolly pine stands established on abandoned agricultural fields near Duke, NC, range in age from 4 to 90 years and extend the range of above-ground biomass to 560 tons/ha for the older stands. These two experimental forests are largely complementary with respect to biomass. Radar backscatter is found to increase approximately linearly with increasing biomass until it saturates at a biomass level that depends on the radar frequency. The biomass saturation level is about 200 tons/ha at P-band and 100 tons/ha at L-band, and the C-band backscattering coefficient shows much less sensitivity to total above-ground biomass.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Overview of Dry Etching Damage and Contamination Effects (1990)

Plasma or dry etching techniques, such as reactive ion etching, magnetron reactive ion etching, electron cyclotron resonance etching, ion beam etching, and plasma etching, can result in damage and contamination of the materials used in device structures and interconnects. The damage that can take place occurs because of ion bombardment, radiation‐induced bonding changes, and charge buildup. If not removed, damage can have effects which vary from gettering to creating traps in insulators and gap states in semiconductors. The contamination that can take place can have two forms: residue layers and permeation. The former are ultrathin layers of reaction products that can coat surfaces whereas the latter is the embedding or implantation, and perhaps subsequent diffusion, of impurities. These impurities can range from metals whose source is the processing chamber to hydrogen which is often found in the etch recipe or may even be found due to the presence of water in the processing chamber. If not removed, residues can interfere with subsequent processing such as oxidation and can cause series resistance in contacts. Impurities, if not removed, can have a range of effects from modifying carrier lifetimes to interfering with subsequent processing. Hydrogen, in particular, can affect materials in a number of ways including modifying doping activation.
A hybrid NoC combining SDM-TDM based circuit-switching with packet-switching for real-time applications (2012)

This paper proposes a hybrid Network-on-Chip “NoC” which takes advantage of the best of packet switching and circuit-switching in order to handle efficiently both best-effort and streaming traffics generated by real-time applications. The proposed hybrid NoC consists of two sub-networks: a circuit-switched sub-network and a packet-switched sub-network. The circuit-switched sub-network combines Spatial Division Multiplexing “SDM” and Time Division Multiplexing “TDM” in order to increase path diversity in the NoC and to improve resources usage, in this way, quality of service is easily provided for streaming traffic while the packet-switched sub-network handles the best-effort traffic. A 7*7 2D mesh NoC is built and simulated. Simulation results show that this approach allows an increase of the probability of establishing paths through the NoC, reducing thereby contention in the NoC with a reasonable hardware cost as shown in synthesis results.
Simulations of the Folding of a Globular Protein (1990)

Dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of the folding of a globular protein, apoplastocyanin, have been undertaken in the context of a new lattice model of proteins that includes both side chains and a-carbon backbone atoms and that can approximate native conformations at the level of 2 angstroms (root mean square) or better. Starting from random-coil unfolded states, the model apoplastocyanin was folded to a native conformation that is topologically similar to the real protein. The present simulations used a marginal propensity for local secondary structure consistent with but by no means enforcing the native conformation and a full hydrophobicity scale in which any nonbonded pair of side chains could interact. These molecules folded through a punctuated on-site mechanism of assembly where folding initiated at or near one of the turns ultimately found in the native conformation. Thus these simulations represent a partial solution to the globular-protein folding problem.
Cloned Pigs May Help Overcome Rejection (2002)

The cloning of Dolly the sheep nearly 5 years ago raised the hopes of transplant scientists looking for an endless supply of lifesaving organs. It was a key step toward creating a line of identical animals genetically engineered so their organs could be used in people. Now, a team led by researchers at the University of Missouri, Columbia, has made another major advance–the creation of four cloned piglets that lack one copy of a gene that causes pig organs to be rejected by the human immune system.