gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing a Novel Unlicensed Nomadic Access Relay Station in IEEE 802.16-Based Wireless Access Networks (2007)

Existing wireless access (mobile) routers are commonly based on the network address and port translation (NAPT) technique which permits simultaneously sharing a subscriber's connection to the core network with multiple users. However, the NAPT architecturally makes the users invisible on the core network side, thus becoming a user-oriented connection-sharing technique. In this paper, we propose a novel service provider-oriented wireless broadband (Libra) unlicensed nomadic access relay station (WiNNERS) for helping WiBro network service providers to make their business more lucrative by accommodating unlicensed band users as subscribers into their network. The WiNNERS offers service providers the capability to directly manage each of the unlicensed band users at the core network side. This direct management allows the service providers to flexibly and simply handle QoS, access control, and billing for each unlicensed band user. In order to distinguish each of the unlicensed band users, the WiNNERS constructs a virtual tunnel from each user's terminal to the core network access control router (ACR) using connection identifier (CID) which is defined for service (traffic) flow management within the WiBro system. Consequently, our proposed service provider-oriented relay station can be included into the WiBro network system with minimum modifications.
Toxic Shock Syndrome: Clinical, Laboratory, and Pathologic Findings in Nine Fatal Cases (1982)

Clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings in nine of the 12 patients who died from toxic shock syndrome in Minnesota are reported. All patients met the toxic shock syndrome case definition except for desquamation, which occurred in only one patient. Eight were menstruating and at least four were wearing tampons at the time of the acute illness. One patient was using napkins only. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema was the only clinical development that could be used to predict a fatal outcome. Specific pathologic findings included various degrees of fatty metamorphosis of the liver; pronounced hemophagocytosis by reticuloendothelial macrophages; and a characteristic vaginal lesion consisting of mucosal separation beneath the basal layer with ulceration, severe vasodilatation, inflammation and thrombosis, but with minimal bacterial invasion. This vaginal lesion was noted in two tampon users, but an identical lesion was found in a menstruating patient who used only napkins.
[Two cases of leiomyoma of the kidney]. (1992)

Renal leiomyomas large enough to be clinically diagnosed are extremely rare. We review 30 cases of clinically diagnosed renal leiomyoma from the literature in Japan, including our 2 new cases. Case 1: In a 52-year-old man with no symptoms a renal mass was found accidentally on an ultrasonogram. CT scan showed a mass with a cystic area at the upper pole of the right kidney. Angiogram showed a hypovascular mass. Case 2: CT scan revealed a cystic mass and angiogram showed an avascular mass at the upper pole of the left kidney in a 19-year-old man having gross hematuria and left flank pain. Transperitoneal nephrectomy was done in both cases. Histologically each tumor was composed of monotonous proliferation of spindle shaped cells without atypia, which showed intense immunoreactivity for alpha-smooth muscle actin. The diagnosis of benign leiomyoma was made in each case. In a review of 30 cases, we found that renal leiomyomas occur most often in female (77%), between decades 2 and 5 of life (median: 46 years). On the angiogram it appears most often as an avascular or hypovascular mass. CT scan shows cystic or mixed solid/cystic or solid lesion, occasionally with calcification. Preoperative diagnosis is extremely difficult to be made. Histologically, fibroma, angiomyolipoma, congenital mesoblastic nephroma and leiomyosarcoma should be differentiated.
Evaluation of the impact of plug-in electric vehicle loading on distribution system operations (2009)

Electric transportation has many attractive features in today's energy environment including decreasing greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector, reducing dependence on imported petroleum, and potentially providing consumers a lower cost alternative to gasoline. Plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) vehicles represent the most promising approach to electrification of a significant portion of the transportation sector. Electric power utilities recognize this possibility and must analyze the associated impacts to electric system operations. This paper provides details of analytical framework developed to evaluate the impact of PHEV loading on distribution system operations as part of a large, multi-utility collaborative study. This paper also summarizes partial results of the impact of PHEVs on one utility distribution feeder.
Novel Tissue Types for the Development of Genomic Biomarkers (2012)

al., 2009). Low complexity, no known post-processing modifications, simple detection and amplification methods, tissue-specific expression profiles, and sequence conservation between humans and model organisms make extracellular miRNAs ideal candidates for genomic biomarkers to reflect and study various physiopathological conditions of the body.Ideally, the most clinically powerful information would come directly from the tissue of interest.To understand cancer, one must look at malignant cells, much as one must analyze brain tissue to understand the complexities of neuroscience.However, many of these tissues are difficult to access or impossible to reach without potential injury to the patient.Alternative, or "surrogate", tissues can provide a means of assessing the genomic changes in the tissue of interest, without fear of harming the donor.For example, surrogate tissues may contact the tissue of interest and retain sloughed cells, secreted molecules or the contents of dying cells.While these molecular signals may not exactly mirror the tissue of origin, in many cases they are reproducible and can clearly point to underlying biology.Clinical material suitable for biomarker testing can be divided into 2 different types.The first are those that require minimally invasive procedures to obtain.This type includes blood, cerebrospinal fluid, tissue biopsies and so on.Type 2 tissues are those that can be obtained without any invasive means: hair, saliva, tears, epidermal cells, urine, etc.In some cases, acquisition of the material may not be passive.Examples of Type 1 and Type 2 samples are listed in Table 1.
Redundant and Distinct Functions for Dynamin-1 and Dynamin-2 Isoforms (1998)

A role for dynamin in clathrin-mediated endocytosis is now well established. However, mammals express three closely related, tissue-specific dynamin isoforms, each with multiple splice variants. Thus, an important question is whether these isoforms and splice variants function in vesicle formation from distinct intracellular organelles. There are conflicting data as to a role for dynamin-2 in vesicle budding from the TGN. To resolve this issue, we compared the effects of overexpression of dominant-negative mutants of dynamin-1 (the neuronal isoform) and dynamin-2 (the ubiquitously expressed isoform) on endocytic and biosynthetic membrane trafficking in HeLa cells and polarized MDCK cells. Both dyn1(K44A) and dyn2(K44A) were potent inhibitors of receptor-mediated endocytosis; however neither mutant directly affected other membrane trafficking events, including transport mediated by four distinct classes of vesicles budding from the TGN. Dyn2(K44A) more potently inhibited receptor-mediated endocytosis than dyn1(K44A) in HeLa cells and at the basolateral surface of MDCK cells. In contrast, dyn1(K44A) more potently inhibited endocytosis at the apical surface of MDCK cells. The two dynamin isoforms have redundant functions in endocytic vesicle formation, but can be targeted to and function differentially at subdomains of the plasma membrane.
Solution pH That Minimizes Self-Association of Three Monoclonal Antibodies Is Strongly Dependent on Ionic Strength (2012)

Monoclonal antibodies display highly variable solution properties such as solubility and viscosity at elevated concentrations (>50 mg/mL), which complicates antibody formulation and delivery. To understand this complex behavior, it is critical to measure the underlying protein self-interactions that govern the solution properties of antibody suspensions. We have evaluated the pH-dependent self-association behavior of three monoclonal antibodies using self-interaction chromatography for a range of pH values commonly used in antibody formulations (pH 4.4-6). At low ionic strength (<25 mM), we find that each antibody is more associative at near-neutral pH (pH 6) than at low pH (pH 4.4). At high ionic strength (>100 mM), we observe the opposite pH-dependent pattern of antibody self-association. Importantly, this inversion in self-association behavior is not unique to multidomain antibodies, as similar pH-dependent behavior is observed for some small globular proteins (e.g., ribonuclease A and α-chymotrypsinogen). We also find that the opalescence of concentrated antibody solutions (90 mg/mL) is minimized at low ionic strength at pH 4.4 and high ionic strength at pH 6, in agreement with the self-interaction measurements conducted at low antibody concentrations (5 mg/mL). Our results highlight the complexity of antibody self-association and emphasize the need for systematic approaches to optimize the solution properties of concentrated antibody formulations.
Splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides as therapeutic drugs (2016)

Splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) are short, synthetic, antisense, modified nucleic acids that base-pair with a pre-mRNA and disrupt the normal splicing repertoire of the transcript by blocking the RNA-RNA base-pairing or protein-RNA binding interactions that occur between components of the splicing machinery and the pre-mRNA. Splicing of pre-mRNA is required for the proper expression of the vast majority of protein-coding genes, and thus, targeting the process offers a means to manipulate protein production from a gene. Splicing modulation is particularly valuable in cases of disease caused by mutations that lead to disruption of normal splicing or when interfering with the normal splicing process of a gene transcript may be therapeutic. SSOs offer an effective and specific way to target and alter splicing in a therapeutic manner. Here, we discuss the different approaches used to target and alter pre-mRNA splicing with SSOs. We detail the modifications to the nucleic acids that make them promising therapeutics and discuss the challenges to creating effective SSO drugs. We highlight the development of SSOs designed to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy, which are currently being tested in clinical trials.
Multiple layered network structure of regional alliances in Japan: Implication for regional cluster policy (2011)

In Japan, regional cluster policies are recognized as intensive projects to form effective knowledge networks. On the other hand, the methodology to evaluate these network structures is still under development. This paper clarifies that scope of the area significantly effects on the evaluation of regional network structure by using network analysis.
Biodegradation Potential of Halo(alkali)philic Prokaryotes (2012)

Oil and gas exploitation and downstream processing may generate large volumes of contaminated aqueous wastewaters. Without treatment, the discharge of these streams into the environment would lead to considerable environmental problems. A combination of physicochemical and biological treatment processes are applied to treat such polluted streams (e.g., in conventional water purification plants). However, the application of microorganisms in these streams is rather limited streams to salt levels well below those of seawater. The potential of microorganisms to degrade various organic and inorganic pollutants at higher salinities was surveyed in the open literature. The advantage of biological treatment processes that operate at elevated salinities is that no dilution water is needed, which is particularly relevant for arid regions. The available literature is scarce, especially concerning truly halophilic bacteria that thrive at salt concentrations significantly higher than in seawater. The obvious trend of most of the publications indicates a significant inhibition of the biodegradation activity at salt concentrations above 10 wt.%. However, a specialized group of extremophilic microorganisms, called halo(alkali)philes, could replace freshwater or marine organisms in the biodegradation processes at salinities above 1.5 M and pH values above 9. They are present in natural hypersaline habitats and can be activated either directly in situ by addition of micronutrients and aeration, or introduced into engineered water treatment systems. In a number of studies, the possibility of microbial HC degradation up to 5 M NaCl has been mentioned. Relatively little is known about the removal of toxic inorganic compounds, such as H2S, CO, and CN−, at halo(alkaline) conditions. These compounds are clearly associated with the processing of oil, coal, and gas. An exception is the application of sulfur-cycling bacteria, as these organisms have been intensively studied during the last decade. Sulfur-oxidizing and sulfidogenic bacteria can function efficiently at extremely saline and alkaline conditions. The general conclusion from this survey is that many biodegradation routs are, in principal, possible at high salt/pH but more research is needed to make a real progress in the development of engineered processes that can be applied to protect the environment.
Novel benzamides as selective and potent gastrokinetic agents. 2. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-[[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-morpholinyl]methyl]benzamide citrate (AS-4370) and related compounds (1991)

The title compounds (19-55) with a 4-substituted 2-(aminomethyl)morpholine group were prepared and evaluated for the gastrokinetic activity by determining their effect on gastric emptying of phenol red semisolid meal in rats. Introduction of chloro, fluoro, and trifluoromethyl groups to the benzyl group of the parent compounds 1a and 1b enhanced the activity. Among compounds tested, 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-[[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-morpholinyl] methyl] benzamide (23b) showed the most potent gastric emptying activity (effects on phenol red semisolid meal in rats and mice, and on resin pellets solid meal in rats). The gastrokinetic activity of 23b citrate (AS-4370) compared very favorably with that of cisapride and was higher than that of metoclopramide. In contrast to metoclopramide and cisapride, AS-4370 was free from dopamine D2 receptor antagonistic activity in both in vitro ([3H]spiperone binding) and in vivo (apomorphine-induced emesis in dogs) tests.
Two-photon resonant forward four-wave mixing in rubidium vapor involving Rydberg states (2014)

We report on observations of four-wave mixing in rubidium vapor via two-photon resonant excitation with nd and (n+2)s states, for n=14–20. The intensity of the generated beam is studied in a collinear configuration, and the results are consistent with the predictions of a theoretical model based on the semiclassical Maxwell–Bloch equations, considering interference effects associated with multiple excitation pathways and with internally generated fields. We have also observed spectral broadening of the two-photon resonant lines, which is well described by a linear dependence on atomic density, in accordance with collision-induced broadening.
Traces of learning in the auditory localization pathway (2000)

One of the fascinating properties of the central nervous system is its ability to learn: the ability to alter its functional properties adaptively as a consequence of the interactions of an animal with the environment. The auditory localization pathway provides an opportunity to observe such adaptive changes and to study the cellular mechanisms that underlie them. The midbrain localization pathway creates a multimodal map of space that represents the nervous system's associations of auditory cues with locations in visual space. Various manipulations of auditory or visual experience, especially during early life, that change the relationship between auditory cues and locations in space lead to adaptive changes in auditory localization behavior and to corresponding changes in the functional and anatomical properties of this pathway. Traces of this early learning persist into adulthood, enabling adults to reacquire patterns of connectivity that were learned initially during the juvenile period.
Comparison of solution-mixed and sequentially processed P3HT:F4TCNQ films: effect of doping-induced aggregation on film morphology (2016)

Doping polymeric semiconductors often drastically reduces the solubility of the polymer, leading to difficulties in processing doped films.
Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Exercise Training (2007)

Regular endurance exercise has profound benefits on overall health, including the prevention of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates commonly observed adaptive responses to exercise training in skeletal muscle. Six weeks of voluntary wheel running induced a significant (P < 0.05) fiber type IIb to IIa/x shift in triceps muscle of wild-type mice. Despite similar wheel running capacities, this training-induced shift was reduced by approximately 40% in transgenic mice expressing a muscle-specific AMPKalpha2 inactive subunit. Sedentary mice carrying an AMPK-activating mutation (gamma1TG) showed a 2.6-fold increase in type IIa/x fibers but no further increase with training. To determine whether AMPK is involved in concomitant metabolic adaptations to training, we measured markers of mitochondria (citrate synthase and succinate dehydrogenase) and glucose uptake capacity (GLUT4 and hexokinase II). Mitochondrial markers increased similarly in wild-type and AMPKalpha2-inactive mice. Sedentary gamma1TG mice showed a approximately 25% increase in citrate synthase activity but no further increase with training. GLUT4 protein expression was not different in either line of transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice and tended to increase with training, although this increase was not statistically significant. Training induced a approximately 65% increase in hexokinase II protein in wild-type mice but not in AMPKalpha2-inactive mice. Hexokinase II was significantly elevated in sedentary gamma1TG mice, without an additional increase with training. AMPK is not necessary for exercise training-induced increases in mitochondrial markers, but it is essential for fiber type IIb to IIa/x transformation and increases in hexokinase II protein.
Preparation and characterization and release properties of Eudragit RS based ibuprofen pellets prepared by extrusion spheronization: effect of binder type and concentration (2012)

Binder type and concentration significantly affected the properties of pellets. For production of sustained release ibuprofen Eudragit RS based pellets lower viscosity binders (PVP K30) with concentrations less than 4%w/w was optimum.
Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Photocytotoxicity of Glycosylated Amino Acid Porphyrin Derivatives as Promising Molecules for Cancer Phototherapy (1999)

To obtain molecules that can target malignant cells, two series of new meso glucosylporphyrins bearing amino acid residues are synthesized in four steps. The first series contained n meso glycosyl moieties and (4 − n) alanyl groups on the ortho or para positions of the meso phenyl. In the second series, the carbohydrate moiety is separated from the aryl substituent by a serine unit. Starting from p- or o-nitrobenzaldehyde, p- or o-acetylbenzaldehyde or -tolualdehyde, and pyrrole, the glycosylnitrophenylporphyrins 3−6 and tritolylporphyrins 8a,b are synthesized under optimized conditions tailored from Lindsey's method. The nitro function is then reduced and N-Fmoc-l-alanine or acetylglycosylated N-Fmoc-serine are coupled on the amino function. A detailed 1H and 13C NMR study allows complete structural elucidation. The UV−visible fluorescence and MALDI mass spectra are presented. Compounds 19−22 produced 1O2, and photocytotoxicities against the K562 leukemia cell line are compared to hematoporphyrin. As a result of their sensitizing abilities, these resultant compounds are of considerable interest for photodynamic therapy.
Standardization of protocols in cDNA microarray analysis. (2004)

Systematic variations can occur at various steps of a cDNA microarray experiment and affect the measurement of gene expression levels. Accepted standards integrated into every cDNA microarray analysis can assess these variabilities and aid the interpretation of cDNA microarray experiments from different sources. A universally applicable approach to evaluate parameters such as input and output ratios, signal linearity, hybridization specificity and consistency across an array, as well as normalization strategies, is the utilization of exogenous control genes as spike-in and negative controls. We suggest that the use of such control sets, together with a sufficient number of experimental repeats, in-depth statistical analysis and thorough data validation should be made mandatory for the publication of cDNA microarray data.
Predictor-corrector guidance algorithm for use in high-energy aerobraking system studies (1992)

A three-degree-of-freedom predictor-corrector guidance algorithm has been developed specifically for use in high-energy aerobraking performance evaluations. The present study reports on both the development and capabilities of this guidance algorithm to the design of manned Mars aero-braking vehicles. Atmospheric simulations are performed to demonstrate the applicability of this algorithm and to evaluate the effect of atmospheric uncertainties upon the mission requirements. The off-nominal conditions simulated result from atmospheric density and aerodynamic characteristic mispredictions. The guidance algorithm is also used to provide relief from the high deceleration levels typically encountered in a high-energy aerobraking mission profile. Through this analysis, bank-angle modulation is shown to be an effective means of providing deceleration relief. Furthermore, the capability of the guidance algorithm to manage off-nominal vehicle aerodynamic and atmospheric density variations is demonstrated.
Dimerization of complement factor H-related proteins modulates complement activation in vivo (2013)

The complement system is a key component regulation influences susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration, meningitis, and kidney disease. Variation includes genomic rearrangements within the complement factor H-related (CFHR) locus. Elucidating the mechanism underlying these associations has been hindered by the lack of understanding of the biological role of CFHR proteins. Here we present unique structural data demonstrating that three of the CFHR proteins contain a shared dimerization motif and that this hitherto unrecognized structural property enables formation of both homodimers and heterodimers. Dimerization confers avidity for tissue-bound complement fragments and enables these proteins to efficiently compete with the physiological complement inhibitor, complement factor H (CFH), for ligand binding. Our data demonstrate that these CFHR proteins function as competitive antagonists of CFH to modulate complement activation in vivo and explain why variation in the CFHRs predisposes to disease.
People with Absolute Pitch Process Tones Without Producing a P300 (1984)

The P300 is a positive-going component of the event-related potential. In subjects with absolute, or "perfect," pitch, the P300 elicited by the less frequent of two auditory probes is small or absent. In these subjects, visual probes elicit a normal P300. These results support the view of P300 as a manifestation of the updating of working memory.