gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Suppression of Microtubule Dynamics by Discodermolide and Paclitaxel in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells (2004)

Discodermolide is a new microtubule-targeted antimitotic drug in Phase I clinical trials that, like paclitaxel, stabilizes microtubule dynamics and enhances microtubule polymer mass in vitro and in cells. Despite their apparently similar binding sites on microtubules, discodermolide acts synergistically with paclitaxel to inhibit proliferation of A549 human lung cancer cells (L. Martello et al., Clin. Cancer Res., 6: 1978-1987, 2000). To understand their synergy, we examined the effects of the two drugs singly and in combination in A549 cells and found that, surprisingly, their antiproliferative synergy is related to their ability to synergistically inhibit microtubule dynamic instability and mitosis. The combination of discodermolide and paclitaxel at their antiproliferative IC(50)s (7 nm for discodermolide and 2 nm for paclitaxel) altered all of the parameters of dynamic instability synergistically except the time-based rescue frequency. For example, together the drugs inhibited overall microtubule dynamicity by 71%, but each drug individually inhibited dynamicity by only 24%, giving a combination index (CI) of 0.23. Discodermolide and paclitaxel also synergistically blocked cell cycle progression at G(2)-M (41, 9.6, and 16% for both drugs together, for discodermolide alone, and for paclitaxel alone, respectively; CI = 0.59), and they synergistically enhanced apoptosis (CI = 0.85). Microtubules are unique receptors for drugs. The results suggest that ligands that bind to large numbers of binding sites on an individual microtubule can interact in a poorly understood manner to synergistically suppress microtubule dynamic instability and inhibit both mitosis and cell proliferation, with important consequences for combination clinical therapy with microtubule-targeted drugs.
Frequency Domain Detection of Biomolecules Using Silicon Nanowire Biosensors (2010)

We demonstrate a new protein detection methodology based upon frequency domain electrical measurement using silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW FET) biosensors. The power spectral density of voltage from a current-biased SiNW FET shows 1/f-dependence in frequency domain for measurements of antibody functionalized SiNW devices in buffer solution or in the presence of protein not specific to the antibody receptor. In the presence of protein (antigen) recognized specifically by the antibody-functionalized SiNW FET, the frequency spectrum exhibits a Lorentzian shape with a characteristic frequency of several kilohertz. Frequency and conventional time domain measurements carried out with the same device as a function of antigen concentration show more than 10-fold increase in detection sensitivity in the frequency domain data. These concentration-dependent results together with studies of antibody receptor density effect further address possible origins of the Lorentzian frequency spectrum. Our results show that frequency domain measurements can be used as a complementary approach to conventional time domain measurements for ultrasensitive electrical detection of proteins and other biomolecules using nanoscale FETs.
Transcription profile of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in primary Kaposi's sarcoma lesions as determined by real-time PCR arrays. (2003)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the signature pathology of AIDS. KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) is causally linked to KS. Here, we report the first complete profile of KSHV transcription in primary KS lesions using a novel, real-time PCR array. The KSHV latency I mRNAs [latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)/orf73, v-cyclin/orf72, and v-FLIP/orf71] were invariably present in all biopsies. Yet, viral lytic mRNAs were detectable in only a subset of tumors. Interestingly, there was a difference in the expression pattern of the viral IFN-regulatory factors (vIRFs) encoded by KSHV. The vIRF-1/K9 clustered with LANA in KS, in contrast to its homologue, vIRF-3/LANA-2, which is transcribed only in KSHV-associated lymphomas. This suggests that the various vIRFs encoded by KSHV are important for KSHV latency as well as KS tumorigenesis and that their redundancy may be explained in part by a tissue-specific regulation. Clinical KSHV transcriptional profiling as described here will prove useful for the identification of KS tumor markers for diagnosis and as potential drug targets. Stratification by KSHV lytic transcription can identify lesions with a high percentage of lytically infected cells, which may respond to antiviral drugs.
Temperature Dependence of Laser-Induced Demagnetization in Ni: A Key for Identifying the Underlying Mechanism (2012)

A comprehensive set of magneto-optical experiments on ferromagnetic nickel combined with theoretical modeling points to a single microscopic mechanism for laser-induced femtosecond-scale demagnetization.
Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists (1999)

The new edition of Anthony Hayter's book continues in the same student-oriented vein that has made previous editions successful. Because Tony Hayter teaches and conducts research at a premier engineering school, he is in touch with engineers daily and understands their vocabulary. This leads to a clear and more readable writing style that students understand and appreciate. Additionally, because of his intimacy with the professional community, Hayter includes many high-interest examples and datasets that keep students' attention throughout the term. PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS FOR ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS employs a flexible approach with regard to the use of computer tools. Because the book is not tied to a particular software package, instructors may choose the program that best suits their needs. However, the book does provide substantial computer output (using MINITAB and other programs) to give students the necessary practice in interpreting output. Computer Note sections offer tips for using various software packages to perform analysis of the datasets, which can be downloaded from the website. Through the use of extensive examples and datasets, the book illustrates the importance of statistical data collection and analysis for students in the fields of aerospace, biochemical, civil, electrical, environmental, industrial, mechanical, and textile engineering, as well as for students in physics, chemistry, computing, biology, management, and mathematics.
ODM-201, a new generation androgen receptor inhibitor for castration-resistant prostate cancer: Preclinical and phase I data. (2013)

65^ Background: Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is characterized by persistent, high level androgen receptor (AR) expression and resistance to conventional AR inhibitors. ODM-201 is a novel AR inhibitor with unique pharmacologic properties that has shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. Methods: AR binding affinity of ODM-201 to wild type AR was determined in cytosolic lysates obtained from ventral prostates of castrated rats using a competition binding assay. Additionally, effects of ODM-201 on the growth of castration resistant VCaP tumors was evaluated. Tumors were established by subcutaneous injection of VCaP prostate cancer cells into male nude mice. After initial tumor growth, mice were castrated. ODM-201 (50 mg/kg QD or BID orally) was initiated upon tumor regrowth. Since the risk of seizures has been reported for some second generation AR inhibitors, ODM-201 concentrations in mouse brain homogenates were studied after repeated oral administration to assess the risk. The clinical effects of ODM-201 (100, 200, 300, 500, 700, 900 mg BID) was examined in a Phase I/II dose-escalation trial in patients (N=24) with progressive metastatic CRPC. Results: ODM-201 binds to wild type AR with superior affinity compared to enzalutamide (Ki of 9 and 39 nM, respectively). In the VCaP CRPC model, ODM-201 significantly (p<0.001 compared to castrated control), and more efficiently than enzalutamide, inhibited tumor growth. After oral administration, tissue/plasma ratio of ODM-201 in mouse brain homogenates was negligible in all studied doses. In the Phase I/II clinical study, ODM-201 (100 to 700 mg results available) was well tolerated, and most commonly reported adverse events were asthenia, diarrhea and nausea. A PSA response (defined as ≥ 50% decrease) was obtained in 13/15 patients evaluable at 12 weeks with all patients achieving partial response or stable disease by RECIST/PCWG2 criteria. Conclusions: ODM-201 is a new generation AR inhibitor with superior preclinical efficacy compared to enzalutamide and bicalutamide, it does not enter the brain in preclinical studies, and it shows very promising activity and no significant toxicity in patients with CRPC. Clinical trial information: NCT01317641.
General Strategy for Rapid Production of Low-Dimensional All-Inorganic CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Nanocrystals with Controlled Dimensionalities and Sizes (2018)

Currently, all-inorganic CsPbX<sub>3</sub> (X = Br, I, Cl) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are shining stars with exciting potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors, due to their superior performance in comparison to their organic-inorganic hybrid counterparts. In the present work, we report a general strategy based on a microwave technique for the rapid production of low-dimensional all-inorganic CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> perovskite NCs with tunable morphologies within minutes. The effect of the key parameters such as the introduced ligands, solvents, and PbBr<sub>2</sub> precursors and microwave powers as well as the irradiation times on the production of perovskite NCs was systematically investigated, which allowed their growth with tunable dimensionalities and sizes. As a proof of concept, the ratio of OA to OAm as well as the concentration of PbBr<sub>2</sub> precursor played important roles in triggering the anisotropic growth of the perovskite NCs, favoring their growth into 1D/2D single-crystalline nanostructures. Meanwhile, their sizes could be tailored by controlling the microwave powers and irradiation times. The mechanism for the tunable growth of perovskite NCs is discussed.
Hydrogenation of Some Pyridinealkanoic Acids (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogenation of Some Pyridinealkanoic AcidsMorris FreifelderCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 2, 602–603Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01037a531https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01037a531research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stem Cells and Distraction Osteogenesis: Endothelial Progenitor Cells Home to the Ischemic Generate in Activation and Consolidation (2005)

These data suggest that the distraction zone becomes relatively ischemic during activation and that endothelial progenitor cells home to the ischemic generate site during the activation phase and remain during the consolidation phase. Selective expansion of these stem cells may be useful in overcoming ischemic limitations of distraction osteogenesis. Moreover, their homing capability may be used to effect site-specific transgene delivery to the generate.
Occult breast masses: use of a mammographic localizing grid for US evaluation. (1991)

To determine if there was a problem of misidentification of mammographically detected masses with freehand ultrasound (US), the authors examined 50 mammographically distinct masses in 47 patients who were scheduled to undergo needle localization. In only six cases were the masses to be localized in an area of the breast that contained other mammographic opacities that could have led to problems of identification. The patients were first studied with freehand US. Results were then compared with those subsequently obtained with a fenestrated mammographic compression grid to guide the US evaluation. Needle localization was then performed. In five of 50 cases, masses detected with freehand US and initially believed to correspond to the mammographically detected mass were subsequently found to represent different areas of the breast when US was used with the compression grid. These results suggest that the potential for misidentification of masses with freehand US is real and that a mammographic grid localization device can be used to overcome this problem.
Oral Tinidazole in the Treatment of Vaginal Trichomoniasis (1975)

A new substituted nitromidazole, tinidazole, is compared with metronidazole in Trichomonal vaginitis. Tinidazole cured 93.3% cases with no undesirable side effects. Metronidazole cured 83.3% with side effects in 10% of cases. In the recommended dosage tinidazole is comparable to metronidazole in efficacy with additional advantage of better toleration
Evidence for a non‐estrogenic cytostatic effect of estramustine on human prostatic carcinoma cells in vivo (1992)

Estramustine is one of the main metabolites of estramustine phosphate (EstracytR), a drug used in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer. In the present study the hormone independent human prostatic carcinoma cell line DU 145 implanted subcutaneously in nude mice (NMRI) was used to investigate the mode of action of estramustine in vivo. Metaphase arrest was found in mice treated with estramustine intraperitoneally, 200 and 400 micrograms daily for 2 weeks, 5 days a week. A significant dose dependent decrease in the number of anaphase figures was found. A 7 to 8 fold increase in the number of abnormal metaphases, i.e., highly contracted and unaligned chromosomes, was found. Uptake and retention of 3H-estramustine was found in tumour tissue. No increase in the mitotic index or the number of abnormal metaphases was found in animals treated with polyestradiol phosphate (EstradurinR). This is the first time evidence has been presented demonstrating the anti-mitotic effect of estramustine in vivo.
Ultrasound-mediated disruption of cell membranes. II. Heterogeneous effects on cells (2001)

Ultrasound has been shown to reversibly and irreversibly disrupt membranes of viable cells through a mechanism believed to involve cavitation. Because cavitation is both temporally and spatially heterogeneous, flow cytometry was used to identify and quantify heterogeneity in the effects of ultrasound on molecular uptake and cell viability on a cell-by-cell basis for suspensions of DU145 prostate cancer and aortic smooth muscle cells exposed to varying peak negative acoustic pressures (0.6-3.0 MPa). exposure times (120-2,000 ms), and pulse lengths (0.02-60 ms) in the presence of Optison (1.7% v/v) contrast agent. Cell-to-cell heterogeneity was observed at all conditions studied and was classified into three subpopulations: nominal uptake (NUP), low uptake (LUP), and high uptake (HUP) populations. The average number of molecules within each subpopulation was generally constant: 10(4)-10(5) molecules/cell in NUP, approximately 10(6) molecules/cell in LUP, and approximately 10(7) molecules/cell in HUP. However, the fraction of cells within each subpopulation showed a strong dependence on both acoustic pressure and exposure time. Varying pulse length produced no significant effect. The distribution of cells among the three subpopulations correlated with acoustic energy exposure, which suggests that energy exposure may govern the ability of ultrasound to induce bioeffects by a nonthermal mechanism.
Major Histocompatibility Complex Genomics and Human Disease (2013)

Over several decades, various forms of genomic analysis of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been extremely successful in picking up many disease associations. This is to be expected, as the MHC region is one of the most gene-dense and polymorphic stretches of human DNA. It also encodes proteins critical to immunity, including several controlling antigen processing and presentation. Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) imputation now permit the screening of large sample sets, a technique further facilitated by high-throughput sequencing. These methods promise to yield more precise contributions of MHC variants to disease. However, interpretation of MHC-disease associations in terms of the functions of variants has been problematic. Most studies confirm the paramount importance of class I and class II molecules, which are key to resistance to infection. Infection is likely driving the extreme variation of these genes across the human population, but this has been difficult to demonstrate. In contrast, many associations with autoimmune conditions have been shown to be specific to certain class I and class II alleles. Interestingly, conditions other than infections and autoimmunity are also associated with the MHC, including some cancers and neuropathies. These associations could be indirect, owing, for example, to the infectious history of a particular individual and selective pressures operating at the population level.
In Vivo Assessment of Brain White Matter Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis with<sup>18</sup>F-PBR111 PET (2014)

This study demonstrates that quantitative TSPO PET with a second-generation radioligand can be used to characterize innate immune responses in MS in vivo and provides further evidence supporting an association between the white matter TSPO PET signal in lesions and disease severity. Our approach is practical for extension to studies of the role of the innate immune response in MS for differentiation of antiinflammatory effects of new medicines and their longer term impact on clinical outcome.
Breastfeeding and Later Cognitive and Academic Outcomes (1998)

It is concluded that breastfeeding is associated with small but detectable increases in child cognitive ability and educational achievement. These effects are 1) pervasive, being reflected in a range of measures including standardized tests, teacher ratings, and academic outcomes in high school; and 2) relatively long-lived, extending throughout childhood into young adulthood.
The Preparation and Coupling Reactions of 2-Bromo-1,4-benzodioxin. A Simple Synthesis of 2-(1-Alkenyl)-, 2-Alkyl-and 2-Aryl-1,4-benzodioxins (1989)

2-Bromo-1,4-benzodioxin is prepared by dehydrobromination of 2,3-dibromo-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin with base. It is converted into 2-alkyl-, 2-(1-alkenyl)-, and 2-aryl-1,4-benzodioxins by reaction with the respective Grignard reagents or by conversion into 2-(bromomagnesio)-1,4-benzodioxin and reaction of this Grignard reagent with alkyl, 1-alkenyl, or aryl halides.
Cyberphysical Blockchain-Enabled Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading (2020)

Scalability and security problems with centralized architecture models in cyberphysical systems have provided opportunities for blockchain-based distributed models. A decentralized energy-trading system takes advantage of various sources and effectively coordinates the energy to ensure the optimal utilization of available resources. Three blockchainbased energy-trading models are proposed to overcome the technical challenges and market barriers as well as enhance the adoption of this disruptive technology.
An experimental system for SON verification (2014)

In a mobile Self-Organizing Network (SON) the usage of a SON coordinator is necessary to preclude the execution of conflicting SON function instances. Typically, such a coordinator is accountable for conflict prevention and resolution and does not take into consideration that the activity of function instances may induce an undesired network behavior. In this paper, we propose an experimental system for the verification of Configuration Management (CM) changes induced by the activity of SON function instances. The main part of this system is the SON verification function which is triggered when CM change requests get acknowledged by the SON coordinator. It analyses the resulting Performance Management (PM) data and in case it detects an undesired network behavior it sends a request to the coordinator to undo the responsible changes.
Ambipolar Performances of Novel Amorphous Silicon-Germanium Alloy Thin-Film Transistors (1993)

The limitation of low hole mobility in hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (a-Si:H TFTs) was overcome in this present work by utilizing hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium (a-Si 1- x Ge x :H) alloys as the active channel of TFTs. The performance of hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium thin film transistors (a-SiGe:H TFTs) was optimized by switching the germane-to-silane flow ratio. The fabricated a-SiGe:H TFT with 12 at% germanium content was measured as possessing an electron mobility of 0.71 cm 2 /V·s and a hole mobility of 0.54 cm 2 /V·s. The on/off current ratio ranging over almost six orders of magnitude in both conduction modes was obtained. Thus a-SiGe:H TFT has offered the opportunity for upgrading of a-Si:H TFTs and would be feasible for application in [CMOS] circuits.
Fuzzy routing in ad hoc networks (2003)

Routing and related resource allocation issues present special challenges in ad hoc networks. Typically, every node in an ad hoc network serves as a router for other nodes, and paths from source to destination often require multiple hops. Compared to wired networks, wireless ad hoc networks have less bandwidth, longer paths, and less stable connectivity, all of which render routing protocols from wired networks less suitable for the wireless world. This paper presents a novel routing scheme for ad hoc networks that applies fuzzy logic to differentiated resource allocation, considering traffic importance and network state. Messages are routed over zero or more maximally disjoint paths to the destination: important packets may be forwarded redundantly over multiple disjoint paths for increased reliability, while less important traffic may be suppressed at the source. The performance of fuzzy routing is evaluated using simulation, and is compared to dynamic source routing (DSR) and split multipath routing (SMR) wireless routing protocols.
ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS BASED DECISION MAKING FOR FABRICATING CFRP FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS USING NANOMATERIALS (2022)

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) has limited uses due to low electrical & thermal conductivity compared to conventional metals and alloys. The carbon-based nanomaterials Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT), Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), Reduced Graphene oxide (rGO) are used as filler material in CFRP composites to enhance its electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and shielding effectiveness (SE), which are essential criteria for designing the space components. The selection of appropriate filler is a challenging task in order to achieve the specific properties, required for space components. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based decision-making approach is helpful to select the nanomaterial. This paper analyses the multi-criteria based on results obtained from experimental testing and functional requirements. This paper provides suitable Nano-fillers for the fabrication of Radiofrequency and Structural Components for space applications.