gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field Kits Fail to Provide Accurate Measure of Arsenic in Groundwater (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTField Kits Fail to Provide Accurate Measure of Arsenic in GroundwaterProminent researchers question the effectiveness of the million-dollar screening efforts in Bangladesh and India.Britt E. EricksonCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 1, 35A–38APublication Date (Web):January 1, 2003Publication History Published online1 January 2003Published inissue 1 January 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es0323289https://doi.org/10.1021/es0323289newsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views865Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (232 KB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Arsenic,Groundwaters Get e-Alerts
Testing and inspecting reusable product line components (2006)

In recent years, product line development has increasingly received attention in industry as it enables software-developing organizations to reduce both cost and time of developing and maintaining increasingly complex systems as well as to address the demands for individually customized products. Successful product line development requires high quality of reusable artifacts in order to achieve the promised benefits. The unique issues of quality assurance in the context of systematic reuse, however, have not been quantitatively investigated so far. This paper describes a first empirical study comparing the two defect detection techniques, code inspections and functional testing, in the context of product line development. The primary goal of the study was to initially investigate the defect finding potential of the techniques on reusable software components with common and variant features. The major findings of the study are that the two techniques identified different types of defects on variants of a reusable component. Inspections are on average 66.39% more effective and need on average 36.84% less effort to detect a defect We found that both the testing and inspection techniques applied in the experiment were ineffective in identifying variant-specific defects. Overall, the results indicate that the standard quality assurance techniques seem to be insufficient to address special characteristics of reusable components.
Everted gut sac model as a tool in pharmaceutical research: limitations and applications (2011)

The everted sac model is an efficient tool for studying in-vitro drug absorption mechanisms, intestinal metabolism of drugs, role of transporter in drug absorption, and for investigating the role of intestinal enzymes during drug transport through the intestine.
The effects of degree and type of hearing loss on children's performance in class (2004)

This study evaluated school functioning of a sample of children with hearing impairments who were mainstreamed in regular educational settings. Participants comprised 47 children aged 7;2 to 9;3 years with various degrees and types of hearing loss. Teachers evaluated the children using the Hebrew version of the Screening Instrument For Targeting Educational Risks (SIFTER) (Anderson, 1989). Results demonstrated that some children with unilateral hearing loss as well as children with minimal hearing loss showed lower performance than children with more severe hearing loss. Also, children with hearing aids performed better than those without hearing aids. These findings suggest first that professionals need to become more aware of the possible adverse effects of minimal or unilateral hearing loss on students' functioning in the educational system, and second that consideration should be given to increasing the provision of necessary services.
Tutorial Authorship and Hybrid Designers (2015)

Tutorials are critical to the success and vitality of DIY practices. In this paper, we elevate the importance of tutorial authorship as one way to maintain and improve the quality of tutorials in DIY. We discuss the role interaction designers can play as hybrid designers, mediating between author and audience to contribute to the improvement of practices of tutorial authorship in DIY. We examine the quality of tutorials through the building and analysis of ten DIY projects and tutorials. We analyze key issues across three categories: 1) competences, components and tools, 2) sequencing, 3) and communication. We offer findings that are both practical guidelines for detailed improvements of tutorials and structural themes for improving tutorial authorship including the themes of accurate information, competences and tools, and tutorial format. In conclusion, we discuss the potential for interaction designers to simultaneously mediate and shape tutorials and tools in a form of hybrid design.
Electrical stimulation therapy of the lower oesophageal sphincter for refractory gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease – interim results of an international multicentre trial (2015)

These interim results show an acceptable safety record of LES-EST to date, combined with good short-term efficacy in GERD patients who are partially responsive to PPI therapy. A remarkable reduction in regurgitation symptoms, without the risk of intervention-requiring dysphagia may prove to be an advantage compared with other anti-reflux procedures. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01574339.
Pancreatic Islets and Insulinoma Cells Express a Novel Isoform of Group VIA Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (iPLA<sub>2</sub>β) that Participates in Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Is Not Produced by Alternate Splicing of the iPLA<sub>2</sub>β Transcript (2003)

Many cells express a group VIA 84 kDa phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)beta) that is sensitive to inhibition by a bromoenol lactone (BEL) suicide substrate. Inhibition of iPLA(2)beta in pancreatic islets and insulinoma cells suppresses, and overexpression of iPLA(2)beta in INS-1 insulinoma cells amplifies, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, suggesting that iPLA(2)beta participates in secretion. Western blotting analyses reveal that glucose-responsive 832/13 INS-1 cells express essentially no 84 kDa iPLA(2)beta-immunoreactive protein but predominantly express a previously unrecognized immunoreactive iPLA(2)beta protein in the 70 kDa region that is not generated by a mechanism of alternate splicing of the iPLA(2)beta transcript. To determine if the 70 kDa-immunoreactive protein is a short isoform of iPLA(2)beta, protein from the 70 kDa region was digested with trypsin and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Such analyses reveal several peptides with masses and amino acid sequences that exactly match iPLA(2)beta tryptic peptides. Peptide sequences identified in the 70 kDa tryptic digest include iPLA(2)beta residues 7-53, suggesting that the N-terminus is preserved. We also report here that the 832/13 INS-1 cells express iPLA(2)beta catalytic activity and that BEL inhibits secretagogue-stimulated insulin secretion from these cells but not the incorporation of arachidonic acid into membrane PC pools of these cells. These observations suggest that the catalytic iPLA(2)beta activity expressed in 832/13 INS-1 cells is attributable to a short isoform of iPLA(2)beta and that this isoform participates in insulin secretory but not in membrane phospholipid remodeling pathways. Further, the finding that pancreatic islets also express predominantly a 70 kDa iPLA(2)beta-immunoreactive protein suggests that a signal transduction role of iPLA(2)beta in the native beta-cell might be attributable to a 70 kDa isoform of iPLA(2)beta.
Polymorphic behavior of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-lauroyl(PP12)- and 3-myristoyl(PP14)-sn-glycerols (1990)

The polymorphic behavior and molecular packing in different polymorphic forms of stereospecific triacylglycerols, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-lauroyl-sn-glycerol (PP12) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-myristoyl-sn-glycerol (PP14) were examined by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The molecular packing and the polymorphic behavior of the metastable forms of these two compounds are very similar. In both compounds the isotropic liquid, on quenching, crystallizes into a hexagonally packed alpha-phase. The long spacing periodicity of the alpha-phase indicates a tilted bilayer structure to compensate the voids created by the short acyl chains. Upon heating, the alpha-phase converts into an orthorhombic perpendicular (O perpendicular) beta'2-phase. The beta' 2-phase, on further heating, exothermally converts to beta' 1-phase with slightly different O perpendicular subcell. On incubation of PP12 near the melting temperature of beta' 1-phase, there is a slow (hours) conversion to a beta-phase with triclinic parallel (T//) packing. However the beta' 1-phase of PP14 is the most stable structure and the beta-phase is absent. The thermodynamic parameters of the O perpendicular packings of these compounds compared to those of the higher homologue, tripalmitoylglycerol, suggest that the O perpendicular subcell is more stable in PP12 and PP14. The X-ray diffraction long spacings indicate that all the polymorphic forms of these compounds pack in a bilayer structure. The vibrational spectra confirm the lateral chain packing and inter- and intra-molecular order/disorder in the various polymorphic forms. The Raman and infrared spectra further indicate perturbation in the carbonyl and the end methyl plane regions of the beta'-phases.
Outcomes of Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia on Insomnia, Depression, and Fatigue for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (2015)

These results strongly suggest that CBT-I may serve as an effective clinical intervention for individuals with MS who report symptoms of insomnia. Given the considerable overlap of experiences of insomnia, depression, and fatigue in people with MS, CBT-I may also be helpful in identifying areas that may require additional clinical intervention for persistent symptoms of depression and fatigue. Further research is necessary.
A Power-Efficient Bio-Potential Acquisition Device with DS-MDE Sensors for Long-Term Healthcare Monitoring Applications (2010)

This work describes a power-efficient bio-potential acquisition device for long-term healthcare applications that is implemented using novel microelectromechanical dry electrodes (MDE) and a low power bio-potential processing chip. Using micromachining technology, an attempt is also made to enhance the sensing reliability and stability by fabricating a diamond-shaped MDE (DS-MDE) that has a satisfactory self-stability capability and superior electric conductivity when attached onto skin without any extra skin tissue injury technology. To acquire differential bio-potentials such as ECG signals, the proposed processing chip fabricated in a standard CMOS process has a high common mode rejection ratio (C.M.R.R.) differential amplifier and a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Use of the proposed system and integrate simple peripheral commercial devices can obtain the ECG signal efficiently without additional skin tissue injury and ensure continuous monitoring more than 70 hours with a 400 mAh battery.
Gentamicin‐loaded bioresorbable films for prevention of bacterial infections associated with orthopedic implants (2007)

Adhesion of bacteria to biomaterials and the ability of many microorganisms to form biofilms on foreign bodies are well-established as major contributors to the pathogenesis of implant-associated infections. Treatment of bone infection remains problematic, due to the difficulty of systemically administered antibiotics to locally penetrate bone. The current research addresses this issue by focusing on the development and study of novel gentamicin-loaded bioresorbable films designed to serve as "coatings" for fracture fixation devices and prevent implant-associated infections. Poly(L-lactic acid) and poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) films containing gentamicin were developed through solution processing. The effects of polymer type, drug content, and processing conditions on the drug release profile were studied with respect to film morphology. The examined films generally exhibited a burst effect followed by a moderate approximately constant rate of release. The drug contents in the surrounding medium exceeded the required minimal effective concentration. Various gentamicin concentrations that were released from the films with time exhibited efficacy against bacterial species known to be involved in orthopedic infections. The developed systems can be applied on the surface of any metallic or polymeric fracture fixation device, and may therefore comprise a significant contribution to the field of orthopedic implants.
An analysis of latch-up prevention in CMOS IC's using an epitaxial-buried layer process (1978)

The use of a p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> buried layer beneath the p-well in CMOS is evaluated for controlling latch-up (parasitic SCR action). It is shown that this structure typically reduces the parasitic npn transistor's current gain by two orders of magnitude. The npn gain reduction is the principal mechanism for latch-up control. The npn has been studied using STRAP to numerically solve the transport equations. These simulations show the npn current gain to be primarily governed by the base-retarding field arising from the impurity gradient of the outdiffusing buried layer. A new wide-base lateral pnp model has been developed to accurately model the field enhancement of the parasitic lateral pnp's current gain. Experimental confirmation of the lateral pnp model is given.
Einfache Datentypen (1989)

Der einfachste Datentyp ist der der Ganzzahl (engl. integer). Bei den meisten 16-Bit-Rechnern werden int-Zahlen durch ein Rechnerwort implementiert und haben somit eine 16-Bit Darstellung. Berücksichtigt man, daß ein Bit davon zur Speicherung des Vorzeichens benötigt wird, lassen sich $${2^{15}} = 32768$$ verschiedenen Zahlen darstellen. Unter Einbeziehung der Null lassen sich damit die positiven Zahlen 0 bis 32767 darstellen.
Synthesis and structure of new hosts related to 9,9′-bianthryl (1993)

The molecular structures of 10,10′-biacridinyl-9,9′-dione (5), 9-(10′-bromo-9′-anthryl)carbazole (9) and 9,9′-bicarbazyl (12) have been solved by X-ray crystallography. Proton and carbon-13 NMR studies of these and related compounds, show that in solution their conformations are also ‘scissor-like’. AM1 semi-empirical calculations provide a rationale for the geometries of these compounds.
A new moisture resistant liquid encapsulant (2003)

A novel silicon-carbon thermosetting resin has been developed for semiconductor encapsulant applications. The resin and liquid encapsulant formulations have exceptional moisture resistance, good ionic purity, excellent electrical properties, long pot life, and good thermal and mechanical properties. The new liquid encapsulant can provide improved reliability, and should be considered for use in glob top and potting applications. Possible areas of use include encapsulation for chip on board (COB), tape automated bonding (TAB), chip carriers, and multichip modules.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Altered Activity, Social Behavior, and Spatial Memory in Mice Lacking the NTAN1p Amidase and the Asparagine Branch of the N-End Rule Pathway (2000)

The N-end rule relates the in vivo half-life of a protein to the identity of its N-terminal residue. N-terminal asparagine and glutamine are tertiary destabilizing residues, in that they are enzymatically deamidated to yield secondary destabilizing residues aspartate and glutamate, which are conjugated to arginine, a primary destabilizing residue. N-terminal arginine of a substrate protein is bound by the Ubr1-encoded E3alpha, the E3 component of the ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent N-end rule pathway. We describe the construction and analysis of mouse strains lacking the asparagine-specific N-terminal amidase (Nt(N)-amidase), encoded by the Ntan1 gene. In wild-type embryos, Ntan1 was strongly expressed in the branchial arches and in the tail and limb buds. The Ntan1(-/-) mouse strains lacked the Nt(N)-amidase activity but retained glutamine-specific Nt(Q)-amidase, indicating that the two enzymes are encoded by different genes. Among the normally short-lived N-end rule substrates, only those bearing N-terminal asparagine became long-lived in Ntan1(-/-) fibroblasts. The Ntan1(-/-) mice were fertile and outwardly normal but differed from their congenic wild-type counterparts in spontaneous activity, spatial memory, and a socially conditioned exploratory phenotype that has not been previously described with other mouse strains.
Sterol carrier protein X is peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl coenzyme A thiolase with intrinsic sterol carrier and lipid transfer activity. (1994)

Sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2; also called nonspecific lipid transfer protein) is a small basic sterol carrier and lipid transfer protein assumed to participate in the intracellular transport of sterols and certain other lipids. Upon cloning and sequencing SCP2-encoding cDNAs, we and others found cDNAs containing unexpected in-frame 5'-extensions of up to 1,250 nucleotides upstream of the initiator ATG of the cDNA encoding pre-SCP2. The corresponding transcripts are primarily expressed in the liver and are predicted to encode a previously undescribed fusion protein containing a 143-amino acid C-terminal domain completely identical to pre-SCP2 and a 404-amino acid N-terminal domain with unknown biochemical activity or function (named sterol carrier protein x, SCPx). Here, we show that purified recombinant SCPx cleaves 3-oxoacyl(n)-CoA to yield acetyl-CoA and acyl(n-2)-CoA. Like SCP2, recombinant SCPx also stimulates the microsomal conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol and transfers phosphatidylcholine and 7-dehydrocholesterol from small unilamellar vesicles to acceptor membranes in vitro. Furthermore, SCPx epitopes are primarily detected within peroxisomes. These findings suggest that SCPx is a previously undescribed peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (EC 2.3.1.16) with intrinsic sterol carrier and lipid transfer activity (suggested name: SCP2/3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase).
Discovery of 1-[3-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-2<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxyphenyl]-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)urea (Nelotanserin) and Related 5-Hydroxytryptamine<sub>2A</sub>Inverse Agonists for the Treatment of Insomnia (2010)

Insomnia affects a growing portion of the adult population in the U.S. Most current therapeutic approaches to insomnia primarily address sleep onset latency. Through the 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) (5-HT(2A)) receptor, serotonin (5-HT) plays a role in the regulation of sleep architecture, and antagonists/inverse-agonists of 5-HT(2A) have been shown to enhance slow wave sleep (SWS). We describe here a series of 5-HT(2A) inverse-agonists that when dosed in rats, both consolidate the stages of NREM sleep, resulting in fewer awakenings, and increase a physiological measure of sleep intensity. These studies resulted in the discovery of 1-[3-(4-bromo-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxyphenyl]-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)urea (Nelotanserin), a potent inverse-agonist of 5-HT(2A) that was advanced into clinical trials for the treatment of insomnia.
Novel, Non-acylguanidine-type Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> Exchanger Inhibitors:  Synthesis and Pharmacology of 5-Tetrahydroquinolinylidene Aminoguanidine Derivatives (2002)

In the course of our research into new types of non-acylguanidine Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) inhibitors, we designed and synthesized aryl-fused tetrahydropyranylidene and cyclohexylidene aminoguanidine derivatives I (X = O, CH(2)), which were tested for their inhibitory effects on rat platelet NHEs. After optimization, we found that the S isomer of tetrahydroquinoline derivatives that possess a methyl group in the 4-position and a halogen or methyl group in the o-position of Ar(2) exhibited high inhibitory activity. In these compounds, (5E,7S)-[[7-(5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5(6H)-quinolinylidene]amino]guanidine dimethanesulfonate (18, T-162559) was found to be a potent inhibitor of both rat and human platelet NHEs, with IC(50) values of 14 and 13 nM, respectively. Furthermore, in a rat myocardial infarction model in vivo (1 h ischemia-24 h reperfusion), 18 (0.1 mg/kg, intravenously administered 5 min or 2 h before coronary occlusion) showed significant activity (33% or 23% inhibition, respectively). These results suggested that 18 may exhibit a potent and long-lasting protective activity against cardiac injuries induced by ischemia-reperfusion.
Constitutive Signaling of the Human Cytomegalovirus-encoded Receptor UL33 Differs from That of Its Rat Cytomegalovirus Homolog R33 by Promiscuous Activation of G Proteins of the Gq, Gi, and Gs Classes (2003)

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL33 gene is conserved among all beta-herpesviruses and encodes a protein that shows sequence similarity with chemokine receptors belonging to the family of G protein-coupled receptors. Here, we show that HCMV UL33 is predominantly transcribed as a spliced mRNA of which the 5' terminus is localized 55 bp upstream of the start codon. Like its homolog from rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV), R33, UL33 activates multiple signaling pathways in a ligand-independent manner. Although both receptors constitutively activate phospholipase C via G(q/11), and partially via G(i/o)-mediated pathways, they exhibit profound differences in the modulation of cAMP-responsive element (CRE) activation. R33 constitutively inhibits, whereas UL33 constitutively enhances CRE-mediated transcription. For R33, the inhibition of CRE-driven transcription is entirely G(i/o)-mediated. For UL33, however, CRE-mediated transcription is modulated not only through coupling to Galpha(i/o) but also through coupling to Galphas. In addition, UL33 was found to enhance CRE activation through the Rho/p38 pathway, via Gbetagamma. Interestingly, by studying chimeric UL33/R33 proteins, we found the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of UL33, but not that of R33, to be responsible for the activation of G(i/o) proteins. A UL33-deficient variant of HCMV was generated to analyze UL33-signaling properties in a physiologically relevant model system. Data obtained with infected cells show that HCMV induces CRE activation, and this effect is, at least in part, dependent on UL33 expression. Taken together, our data indicate that constitutive signaling of UL33 differs from that of R33 by promiscuous activation of G proteins of the Gq, G(i/o), as well as Gs class. Thus, HCMV may effectively use UL33 to orchestrate multiple signaling networks within infected cells.