gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two High Affinity Binding Sites for Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Have Different Tissue Distributions* (1991)

Two bioactive products of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) prohormone have been isolated from ovine hypothalamus: PACAP38 with 38 residues and PACAP27 corresponding to the N-terminal 27 residues of PACAP38. Immunocytochemical and RIA results support the existence of PACAP in the rat brain, posterior pituitary, and various peripheral tissues. Furthermore, high affinity PACAP-binding sites have been detected in the rat brain, anterior pituitary, and cultured astrocytes which differ from those in lung, liver, and cultured mouse splenocytes. In the present study additional rat tissues were examined to elucidate the location and characteristics of PACAP-binding sites using [125I] PACAP27 with conventional methods of receptor autoradiography and RRA. Binding specificity was established by displacement with unlabeled PACAP27 or a related peptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). PACAP27-binding sites were localized autoradiographically in the testis, epididymis, adrenal gland, lung, liver, prostate gland, and seminal vesicle; binding sites were not detected in the heart, kidney, or thymus. In the testis and epididymis, a PACAP27-binding site was localized on germinal cells and in the adrenal gland on medullary chromaffin cells. Excess VIP did not displace PACAP27 binding localized in these three tissues. A site with a greater affinity for PACAP27 than for VIP was detected in adrenal gland and epididymis, characteristic of a site recognized previously in hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and cultured astrocytes. The PACAP-specific site was more abundant in these tissues than a second site to which PACAP27 and VIP bound with similar affinities. Accordingly, the first site has been named type I. In lung, liver, prostate, and seminal vesicle, VIP displaced PACAP27 binding localized autoradiographically. Lung and liver contained an abundant site to which PACAP27 and VIP bound with similar affinities. This binding site, measured previously in lung, liver, and cultured splenocytes, may be shared by PACAP and VIP and has been named type II. Taken together, these data support the existence of two high affinity binding sites for PACAP with different tissue distribution.
THE FORMATION OF RADIOACTIVE CHOLESTEROL AND FATTY ACIDS FROM C<sup>14</sup>-LABELED ACETATE BY RAT LIVER HOMOGENATES<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE FORMATION OF RADIOACTIVE CHOLESTEROL AND FATTY ACIDS FROM C14-LABELED ACETATE BY RAT LIVER HOMOGENATES1Nancy L. R. BucherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 2, 498Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01098a516RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations187LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (168 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies Towards a trans‐3,4‐Diamine Derivative of Piperidine Mimicking Buspirone. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Computer Audio Research Laboratory at UCSD (1982)

The Computer Audio Research Laboratory (CARL), now under construction at UCSD's Center for Music Experiment (CME), has been in operation since the spring of 1980. CARL is intended to become a complete, coherent sound system, capable of acting as a tool for digital audio research, music composition, performance, and education. By design, CARL is to be capable of doing virtually anything that is possible with sound. This article outlines the overall design, goals, activities, and current status of the CARL system. The complete CARL system is shown in a schematic way in Fig. 1. The largest box in the diagram contains the waveform synthesis and signal processing functions; these must be implemented in hardware in any real-time system. Performance and control functions may be shared between hardware and software. Composing and analysis software are usually independent of real time, since they generally address problems of music and sound independently of its performance.
Substitution reactions with [ReBr2(CO)2(NCCH3)2]−: a convenient route to complexes with the cis-[Re(CO)2]+ core (2008)

Water- and air-stable complexes comprising the cis-[Re(CO)(2)](+) core can be synthesized from the (Et(4)N)[ReBr(2)(NCCH(3))(2)(CO)(2)] precursor . Complex showed distinctly different chemical and electronic behaviour compared to [ReBr(3)(CO)(3)](2-). Substituting the two bromides in with imidazole-like ligands or alpha,alpha'-diimines gave new complexes with potential applications in bioinorganic chemistry and photochemistry. The two acetonitrile ligands are very stably bound and could not be replaced. Under CO pressure, the uncommon complex mer-[ReBr(NCCH(3))(2)(CO)(3)] was formed from . The reaction of with the tetradentate ligand bis(2-pyridylmethyl)glycine (BPG) finally induced a four fold substitution at the metal center to form a [Re(CO)(2)(L(4))](+)-type complex.
Asymmetrische Synthesen, III. Die asymmetrische Strecker‐Synthese von aliphatischen α‐Methyl‐α‐aminosäuren (1973)

Abstract Alkylmethylketone 1 werden mit [4 S ; 5 S ]‐(+)‐5‐Amino‐2,2‐dimethyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxan ( 2 ) und Natriumcyanid/Eisessig in Methanol zu den Aminonitrilen 3 umgesetzt und über die Lactone 4 in die entsprechenden optisch aktiven α‐Methyl‐α‐aminosäuren 5 übergeführt. Durch Vergleich der ORD‐Kurven von 5 mit denen bereits bekannter, strukturell ähnlicher Aminosäuren wird ihre absolute Konfiguration bestimmt. Beim Einsetzen von Ketonen 1 mit geradzahliger Kohlenstoffkette im Alkylrest R entstehen α‐Methyl‐α‐aminosäuren 5 mit S ‐Konfiguration, während Ketone 1 mit ungeradzahliger Kohlenstoffkette im Alkylrestes R α‐Methyl‐α‐aminosäuren 5 mit R ‐Konfiguration liefern. Bei Verzweigungen des Alkylrestes R in 1 ist die Anzahl der Kohlenstoffatome der längsten Kette maßgebend. Die Konfiguration der α‐Methyl‐α‐aminosäuren 5 , die aus den Aminonitrilen 3 entstehen, läßt sich aus der chemischen Verschiebung der Protonen dcr α‐Methylgruppe von 3 voraussagen. Über den stereochemischen Reaktionsverlauf bei der Bildung des neuen Chiralitätszentrums kann bisher keine Aussage gemacht werden.
The Lantibiotic Peptide Labyrinthopeptin A1 Demonstrates Broad Anti-HIV and Anti-HSV Activity with Potential for Microbicidal Applications (2013)

Lantibiotics are peptides, produced by bacteria, that contain the noncanonical amino acid lanthionine and many of them exhibit antibacterial activities. The labyrinthopeptin A1 (LabyA1) is a prototype peptide of a novel class of carbacyclic lantibiotics. Here, we extensively evaluated its broad-spectrum activity against HIV and HSV in vitro, studied its mechanism of action and evaluated potential microbicidal applications. LabyA1 exhibited a consistent and broad anti-HIV activity (EC50s: 0.70-3.3 µM) and anti-HSV activity (EC50s: 0.29-2.8 µM) in cell cultures. LabyA1 also inhibited viral cell-cell transmission between persistently HIV-infected T cells and uninfected CD4(+) T cells (EC50∶2.5 µM) and inhibited the transmission of HIV captured by DC-SIGN(+)-cells to uninfected CD4(+) T cells (EC50∶4.1 µM). Time-of-drug addition studies revealed that LabyA1 acts as an entry inhibitor against HIV and HSV. Cellular and virus binding studies combined with SPR/FLIPR technology showed that LabyA1 interacted with the HIV envelope protein gp120, but not with the HIV cellular receptors. LabyA1 also demonstrated additive to synergistic effects in its anti-HIV-1 and anti-HSV-2 activity with anti(retro)viral drugs in dual combinations such as tenofovir, acyclovir, saquinavir, raltegravir and enfuvirtide. LabyA1 can be considered as a novel lead peptide as it had profound antiviral activity against HIV and HSV. Pre-treatment of PBMCs with LabyA1 neither increased the expression of the activation markers CD69 and CD25, nor enhanced HIV replication, nor significantly induced various inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. LabyA1 also did not affect the growth of vaginal Lactobacilli populations. Based on the lack of toxicity on the vaginal Lactobacillus strains and its synergistic/additive profile in combination with clinically approved anti(retro)virals, it deserves further attention as a potential microbicide candidate in the prevention of sexual transmitted diseases.
Strength and Power in Sport (1993)

List of Contributors. Preface. Units of Measurement and Terminology. Part 1: Definitions. 1 Basic Definitions for Exercise. H.G. KNUTTGEN AND P.V. KOMI. . Part 2: Biological Basis for Strength and Power. 2 Neuronal control of functional movement. VOLKER DIETZ. 3 Motor Unit and Motor Neuron Excitability during Explosive Movement. TOSHIO MORITANI. 4 Muscular Basis of Strength. R. BILLETER AND H. HOPPELER. 5 Hormonal Mechanisms Related to the Expression of Muscular Strength and Power. WILLIAM J. KRAEMER AND SCOTT A. MAZZETTI. 6 Exercise--related Adaptations in Connective Tissue. RONALD F. ZERNICKE AND BARBARA LOITZ--RAMAGE. 7 Contractile Performance of Skeletal Muscle Fibres. K.A. PAUL EDMAN. 8 Skeletal Muscle and Motor Unit Architecture: Effect on Performance. RONALD R. ROY, RYAN J. MONTI, ALEX LAI AND V. REGGIE EDGERTON. 9 Mechanical Muscle Models and Their Application to Force and Power Production. WALTER HERZOG. 10 Stretch--shortening Cyle. PAAVO V. KOMI. 11 Stretch--shortening Cycle Fatigue and its Influence on Force and Power Production. CAROLINE NICOL AND PAAVO. V. KOMI. . Part 3: Mechanism for Adaptation in Strength and Power Training. 12 Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle. GEOFFREY GOLDSPINK AND STEPHEN HARRIDGE. 13 Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia. J. DUNCAN MACDOUGALL. 14 Acute and Chronic Muscle Metabolic Adaptations to Strength Training. PER A. TESCH AND BJORN A. ALKNER. 15 Neural Adaptation to Strength Training. DIGBY G. SALE. 16 Mechanism of Muscle and Motor Unit Adaptation to Explosive Power Training. JACQUES DUCHATEAU AND KARL HAINAUT. 17 Proprocetive Training: Considerations for Strength and Power Production. ALBERT GOLLHOFER. 18 Connective Tissue and Bone Response to Strength Training. MICHAEL H. STONE AND CHRISTINA KARATZAFERI. 19 Endocrine Responses and Adaptations to Strength and Power Training. WILLIAM KRAEMER AND NICHOLASS A. RATAMESS. 20 Cardiovascular Responses to Training. STEVEN J. FLECK. . Part 4: Special Problems in Strength and Power Training. 21 Aging and Neuromuscular Adaptation to Strength Training. KEIJO HAKKINEN. 22 Use of Electrical Stimulation in Strength and Power Training. GARY A. DUDLEY AND SCOTT W. STEVENSON. Part 5: Strength and Power Training for Sports. 23 Biomechanics of Strength and Strength Training. VLADIMIR M. ZATSIORSKY. 24 Vibration Loads: Potential for Strength and Power Development. JOACHIM MESTER P.(?) SPITZENPFEIL AND ZENGYOUAN YUE. 25 Training for Weightlifting. JOHN GARHAMMER AND BOB TAKANO
3-Hydroxymethyl-7-(<i>N</i>-substituted aminosulfonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline Inhibitors of Phenylethanolamine <i>N</i>-Methyltransferase that Display Remarkable Potency and Selectivity (2004)

Six 3-hydroxymethyl-7-(N-substituted aminosulfonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (16-21) were synthesized and evaluated for their phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) inhibitory potency and affinity for the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor. The addition of nonpolar substituents to the sulfonamide nitrogen of 9 (3-CH(2)OH-7-SO(2)NH(2)-THIQ) led to inhibitors (16-21) that have high PNMT inhibitory potency and high selectivity, and most of these (16-21) are predicted, on the basis of their calculated log P values, to be able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Compounds N-trifluoroethyl sulfonamide 20 (PNMT K(i) = 23 nM) and N-trifluoropropyl sulfonamide 21 (PNMT K(i) = 28 nM) are twice as potent at inhibiting PNMT compared to 9 and display excellent selectivity (alpha(2) K(i)/PNMT K(i) > or = 15,000).
Mastication. V. Separation and structural investigation of natural rubber‐polymethyl methacrylate interpolymers formed by mastication (1957)

Abstract Polymerization of methyl methacrylate admixed with natural rubber occurs on rupture of rubber molecules to free radicals by applied shearing forces. The polymeric products after different conditions and extents of reaction have been separated into uncombined rubber, two interpolymer fractions, and uncombined polymethyl methacrylate by fractional precipitation and extraction methods. The structure of the interpolymers has been investigated by measurement of composition and osmotic molecular weight, ozonolysis to degrade the rubber segments and isolation of the polymethyl methacrylate fragments, autoxidation of the rubber segments, and viscosity measurements on the uncombined rubber. The interpolymer is a linear block polymer containing one polymethyl methacrylate segment and of the order of one or two rubber segments per molecule. The Trommsdorff gel effect has a profound influence on the rate of formation, composition, and structure of the interpolymer.
Neuro-fuzzy modeling and control (1995)

Fundamental and advanced developments in neuro-fuzzy synergisms for modeling and control are reviewed. The essential part of neuro-fuzzy synergisms comes from a common framework called adaptive networks, which unifies both neural networks and fuzzy models. The fuzzy models under the framework of adaptive networks is called adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), which possess certain advantages over neural networks. We introduce the design methods for ANFIS in both modeling and control applications. Current problems and future directions for neuro-fuzzy approaches are also addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Up-Conversion Luminescence in Thulium Doped Barium Titanate Inverted Opal (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Hot Wire Liquid-Level Indicator (1956)

The theory of the method of measurement of liquid level by measurement of the resistance of a heated wire is developed, and it is applied to the design of a liquid-nitrogen-level indicator having a power dissipation of 3.4 mw/in. of length and a deviation from linearity in the calibration of less than 0.1 in. over its working length of 2.0 in. The apparatus should be applicable to the measurement of level of low viscosity liquids and its sensitivity is limited only by the temperature coefficient of resistance of the heated wire.
Identification of <i>NTRK</i> fusions in pediatric mesenchymal tumors (2017)

NTRK fusions occur in a subset of young patients with mesenchymal or sarcoma-like tumors at a low frequency, and are eminently druggable targets via either investigational agents or approved drugs.
Modeling Duration via Lattice Rescoring (2007)

It is often acknowledged that HMMs do not properly model phone and word durations. In this paper phone and word duration models are used to improve the accuracy of state-of-the-art large vocabulary speech recognition systems. The duration information is integrated into the systems in a rescoring of word lattices that include phone-level segmentations. Experimental results are given for a conversational telephone speech (CTS) task in French and for the TC-Star EPPS transcription task in Spanish and English. An absolute word error rate reduction of about 0.5% is observed for the CTS task, and smaller but consistent gains are observed for the EPPS task in both languages.
Reverse Engineering of Web Pages Based on Derivations and Transformations (2006)

The final user interface of an information system could be reverse engineered according to a model-driven engineering perspective to multiple levels of abstraction, either independently of each other or simultaneously depending on the designer's goals: concrete user interface (which is independent of the user interface toolkit), abstract user interface (which is independent of any interaction modality), and "task and concepts" (which is independent of any particular implementation). To support the user interface reverse engineering from the code level to any model level, a set of derivation rules have been implemented in ReversiXML. To support the user interface reverse engineering from any model to any other level, graph grammars have been implemented in TransformiXML. A graph grammar consists of graph transformation rules, called productions, that accept as input a graph representation of the user interface to be reengineered, apply the transformation, and obtain a result that can be further exploited to re-create a new user interface.
A Transcriptionally Active State Is Required for Post-Transcriptional Silencing (Cosuppression) of Nitrate Reductase Host Genes and Transgenes. (1997)

Using tobacco nitrate reductase cosuppression as a model system of post-transcriptional gene silencing, we analyzed the influence of DNA and RNA dosages both together and independently. For this purpose, zero, one, two, or four active or transcriptionally silenced copies of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S-Nia2 transgene were combined by transformation and subsequent crosses with zero, one, two, three, or four active, disrupted, or transcriptionally repressed copies of the wild-type host Nia genes. The analysis of the corresponding transgenic lines revealed that (1) the percentage of isogenic plants that are affected by cosuppression depends directly upon the relative dosage of both host gene and transgene; (2) transcriptional silencing of the 35S-Nia transgene impedes cosuppression; and (3) the absence of host gene transcription reduces the frequency of cosuppression or delays its triggering. Taken together, these results indicate that transgene DNA per se is not sufficient to trigger post-transcriptional cosuppression of nitrate reductase host genes and transgenes. The requirement for a transcriptionally active state is discussed with respect to both the RNA dosage and the DNA-DNA pairing hypotheses.
Human Behaviour Analysis through Smartphones (2018)

Human behaviour analysis through smartphone devices has been an active field for more than a decade and there are still a lot of key aspects to be addressed. This paper surveys the state-of-the-art in human behaviour analysis based on smartphones. We categorise prior works into four main sensing modalities related to physical, cognitive, emotional and social behaviour. Finally, we conclude with the outcomes of this survey and we illustrate our ideas for future research in the area of human behaviour understanding.
Forebrain overexpression of CK1δ leads to down-regulation of dopamine receptors and altered locomotor activity reminiscent of ADHD (2010)

Dopamine neurotransmission controls motor and perseverative behavior, is mediated by protein phosphorylation, and may be perturbed in disorders of attention and hyperactivity. To assess the role of casein kinase I (CK1) in the regulation of dopamine signaling, we generated a genetically modified mouse line that overexpresses CK1delta (CK1delta OE) specifically in the forebrain. Overexpression was confirmed both at the mRNA and at the protein levels. Under basal conditions, CK1delta OE mice exhibited horizontal and vertical hyperactivity, reduced anxiety, and nesting behavior deficiencies. The CK1delta OE mice also presented paradoxical responses to dopamine receptor stimulation, showing hypoactivity following injection of d-amphetamine or methylphenidate, indicating that CK1 activity has a profound effect on dopamine signaling in vivo. Interestingly, CK1delta overexpression led to significantly reduced D1R and D2R dopamine receptor levels. All together, under basal conditions and in response to drug stimulation, the behavioral phenotype of CK1delta OE mice is reminiscent of the symptoms and drug responses observed in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and therefore the CK1delta OE mice appear to be a model for this disorder.
Edible optics: Using gelatin to demonstrate properties of light (1997)

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The effect of accuracy of implantation on range of movement of the Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement (2005)

When performing the Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement (STAR), the positioning of the talar component and the selection of mobile-bearing thickness are critical. A biomechanical experiment was undertaken to establish the effects of these variables on the range of movement (ROM) of the ankle. Six cadaver ankles containing a specially-modified STAR prosthesis were subjected to ROM determination, under weight-bearing conditions, while monitoring the strain in the peri-ankle ligaments. Each specimen was tested with the talar component positions in neutral, as well as 3 and 6 mm of anterior and posterior displacement. The sequence was repeated with an anatomical bearing thickness, as well as at 2 mm reduced and increased thicknesses. The movement limits were defined as 10% strain in any ligament, bearing lift-off from the talar component or limitations of the hardware. Both anterior talar component displacement and bearing thickness reduction caused a decrease in plantar flexion, which was associated with bearing lift-off. With increased bearing thickness, posterior displacement of the talar component decreased plantar flexion, whereas anterior displacement decreased dorsiflexion.
Relaxometric and Magnetic Characterization of Ultrasmall Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with High Magnetization. Evaluation as Potential <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging (2007)

Here we report on the synthesis of ultrasmall gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (5 nm) presenting a very narrow particle size distribution and an exceptionally high saturation magnetization. The synthesis has been carried out by decomposition of an iron organometallic precursor in an organic medium. The particles were subsequently stabilized in an aqueous solution at physiological pH, and the colloidal dispersions have been thoroughly characterized by complementary techniques. Particular attention has been given to the assessment of the mean particle size by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, magnetic, and relaxometric measurements. The good agreement found between the different techniques points to a very narrow particle size distribution. Regarding the magnetic properties, the particles are superparamagnetic at room temperature and present an unusually high saturation magnetization value. In addition, we describe the potential of these particles as specific positive contrast agents for magnetic resonance molecular imaging.