gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IntenCD: mask critical dimension variation mapping (2008)

The aerial images of modern photomasks are highly susceptible to CD errors, owing to the high MEEF values characteristic of the low-k<sub>1</sub> regime. The requirement for tight wafer CD control thus places stringent constraints on mask errors. Nevertheless, multiple physical variations of the mask parameters can lead to the same aerial CD error. We introduce IntenCD<sup>TM</sup>, a novel, fast and precise CD variation mapping application running on Applied Materials' aerial image inspection tools. The IntenCD application generates a high-precision map of the CD variation, and allows tighter control of mask manufacturing process and qualification, without loss of precision compared to slow, discrete measurement tools such as CD SEM, but with a higher throughput, while offering complete mask coverage and higher measurement definition. We study and provide the theoretical basis to the IntenCD application. We analyze image formation of dense, repetitive mask patterns under aerial imaging conditions and show, analytically and numerically (through a series of simulations), that for a small perturbation of the nominal physical mask parameters, the relative variation of the average aerial intensity scales linearly with the relative aerial CD error. This linear relation, unique to aerial imaging mask inspection, is independent of the physical source of the variation and of the mask design pitch. Our results imply that a robust aerial intensity measurement can detect sub-nm aerial CD variations. We discuss some practical problems that have to be addressed to obtain this challenging resolution, and describe in some detail the technological solutions.
Matrix Profile XII: MPdist: A Novel Time Series Distance Measure to Allow Data Mining in More Challenging Scenarios (2018)

At their core, many time series data mining algorithms can be reduced to reasoning about the shapes of time series subsequences. This requires a distance measure, and most algorithms use Euclidean Distance or Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) as their core subroutine. We argue that these distance measures are not as robust as the community believes. The undue faith in these measures derives from an overreliance on benchmark datasets and self-selection bias. The community is reluctant to address more difficult domains, for which current distance measures are ill-suited. In this work, we introduce a novel distance measure MPdist. We show that our proposed distance measure is much more robust than current distance measures. Furthermore, it allows us to successfully mine datasets that would defeat any Euclidean or DTW distance-based algorithm. Additionally, we show that our distance measure can be computed so efficiently, it allows analytics on fast streams.
Role of Copper Ions in Low‐Melting Solder Glasses (1976)

Controlled melting conditions for Cu‐containing solder glasses yielded a variety of Cu + /Cu 2+ ratios from a single glass starting composition. Measurements of softening point, thermal expansion, chemical durability, plus chemical analysis revealed that the well‐known viscosity effect of adding copper oxide to solder glasses is caused primarily by the Cu + ion; Cu 2+ plays a minor role, if any.
Data-aided frequency estimation for burst digital transmission (1997)

Burst transmission of digital data is employed in several applications such as satellite time-division multiple access (TDMA) systems and terrestrial mobile cellular radio. We propose a new algorithm for carrier frequency estimation in burst-mode phase shift keying (PSK) transmissions. The algorithm is data-aided and clock-aided and has a feedforward structure that is easy to implement in digital form. Its estimation range is large, about /spl plusmn/20% of the symbol rate and its accuracy is close to the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as low as 0 dB. Comparisons with earlier methods are discussed.
Broadband Circularly Polarized Antennas (2013)

This chapter reviews different techniques of designing broadband Circularly Polarized (CP) antennas, including broadband CP microstrip patch antennas, broadband CP helix antennas, broadband QHAs and PQHAs, planar spiral antennas, broadband CP slot antennas, broadband CP DRAs, broadband CP loop antennas, and so on. It discusses many antenna design examples and their performances. It also illustrates advantages and disadvantages of each antenna design. In order to compare different types of broadband CP antennas clearly, the performances in terms of bandwidth, size, height and fabrication complexity are summarized. Single-feed patch antennas with a thick air substrate are useful for CP applications requiring a bandwidth below 25%, and have advantages of compact size, simple feed structure and low cost. Multi-feed stacked patch antennas with a broadband coupler can achieve a CP bandwidth up to 70%, and have advantages of compact size, easy fabrication and low cost. Controlled Vocabulary Terms patch antennas; spiral antennas
The Interaction of Li<sup>+</sup> with Single-Layer and Few-Layer Graphene (2010)

The interaction of Li(+) with single and few layer graphene is reported. In situ Raman spectra were collected during the electrochemical lithiation of the single- and few-layer graphene. While the interaction of lithium with few layer graphene seems to resemble that of graphite, single layer graphene behaves very differently. The amount of lithium absorbed on single layer graphene seems to be greatly reduced due to repulsion forces between Li(+) at both sides of the graphene layer.
Effect of surface contamination on electric contact performance (1987)

Surface contamination of connectors, relays, switches, slip rings, and other devices is considered. The most common types of contamination are oxide and corrosion products, particulates, films formed by thermal diffusion processes, debris produced by mechanical wear and fretting, outgassing, and condensation on contact surfaces of volatiles from noncontact materials and those that originate in the manufacturing processes. Examples of contamination, its effects on contact resistance and device reliability, and the principles of contact resistance probing for its detection and characterization are discussed in detail with examples from the recent literature.
An active camera system for acquiring multi-view video (2003)

A system is described for acquiring multi-view video of a person moving through the environment. A real-time tracking algorithm adjusts the pan, tilt, zoom and focus parameters of multiple active cameras to keep the moving person centered in each view. The output of the system is a set of synchronized, time-stamped video streams, showing the person simultaneously from several viewpoints.
Transient Heat Transfer of the Microprocessor System Investigation Regarding Natural Convection with Slate Style Chassis (2013)

This paper explores system level transient heat transfer behavior under natural convection cooling with slate style chassis assuming a tablet device design. Steady state analysis based on heat conduction simulation is conducted to see the effect on microprocessor silicon die temperature and skin temperature of the chassis by internal structure difference and determine final configuration for transient simulation. After that, transient state analysis is conducted assuming the case that a microprocessor starts running TDP (Thermal Design Power) equivalent application workload after system reaches steady state with static screen idle power consumed by the microprocessor.
Immune Response to Capsular Polysaccharide and Surface Proteins of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>in Patients with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (2003)

The immune response to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) and to the pneumococcal surface proteins cell wall-associated serine proteinase A (PrtA), pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), and Streptococcus pneumoniae pullulanase A was evaluated in 45 patients with invasive pneumococcal disease compared with healthy adults. In serum from patients with meningitis and pneumonia, CPS antibody levels were low, compared with healthy adults; antibody levels did not differ between groups and did not change between phases. Levels of immunoglobulin G directed against the investigated pneumococcal surface proteins in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease were in the same range as in healthy adults. However, median PrtA and PspA antibody levels tended to increase during early convalescent phase. Low levels of CPS antibody, rather than of antibodies directed against the pneumococcal surface proteins, may predispose to invasive pneumococcal infection.
Distal Protein Sequences Can Affect the Function of a Nuclear Localization Signal (1992)

The major DNA-binding protein, or infected-cell protein 8 (ICP8), encoded by herpes simplex virus can localize to the cell nucleus independently of other viral proteins. To define the nuclear localization signals within ICP8, we performed several forms of mutagenesis on the cloned ICP8 gene. Deletion analysis of the ICP8 gene showed that several portions of ICP8 are involved in its nuclear localization. To determine whether these regions were independent localization signals, we introduced various portions of the ICP8 gene into a series of cassette plasmids which allowed expression of fusion proteins containing pyruvate kinase, normally a cytoplasmic protein, fused to various portions of ICP8. These results showed that the carboxyl-terminal 28 residues are the only portion of ICP8 capable of targeting protein kinase into the nucleus. However, inclusion of certain additional regions of ICP8 into the fusion protein led to an inhibition of nuclear localization. Therefore, the carboxyl-terminal 28 residues of ICP8 can act independently as a nuclear localization signal, but certain conformational constraints or folding or assembly requirements in the remainder of the protein can affect the nuclear localization of the protein. Our results demonstrate that sequences distant from a nuclear localization signal can affect its ability to function. A set of fusion vectors has been isolated which should be of general use for making 5' or 3' fusions in any reading frame to rapidly map localization signals.
Electron-hole recombination emission as a probe of surface chemistry in aqueous cadmium sulfide colloids (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron-hole recombination emission as a probe of surface chemistry in aqueous cadmium sulfide colloidsR. Rossetti and L. BrusCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 23, 4470–4472Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100220a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j100220a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2020Altmetric-Citations222LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A new JPEG2000 region-of-interest image coding method: partial significant bitplanes shift (2003)

We propose a new region-of-interest (ROI) coding method called partial significant bitplanes shift (PSBShift) that combines the advantages of the two standard ROI coding methods defined in JPEG2000. The PSBShift method not only supports arbitrarily shaped ROI coding without coding the shape, but also enables the flexible adjustment of compression quality in ROI and background. Additionally, the new method can efficiently code multiple ROIs with different degrees of interest in an image.
Debris mitigation techniques for petawatt-class lasers in high debris environments (2010)

This paper addresses debris mitigation techniques for two different kinds of debris sources that are found in the high-energy density community. The first debris source stems from the laser-target interaction and this debris can be mitigated by avoiding a direct line of sight to the debris source (e.g. by using a sacrificial fold mirror) or by inserting a thin debris shield. Several thin film debris shields have been investigated and nitrocellulose was found to be the best suited. The second debris source originates from an external high-energy density driver or experiment. In our specific case, this is the $Z$ accelerator, a $Z$-pinch machine that generates 2 MJ of x rays at 300 TW. The center section of the $Z$ accelerator is an extremely violent environment which requires the development of novel debris mitigation approaches for backlighting with petawatt lasers. Two such approaches are presented in this paper. First, a self-closing focusing cone. In our facility, the focused beam on target is fully enclosed inside a solid focusing cone. In the first debris mitigation scenario, the last part of the cone has a ``flapper'' that should seal the cone when the pressure wave from the $Z$-pinch explosion hits it. In the second scenario, an enclosed target assembly is used, with the last part of the focusing cone connected to a ``target can'' which houses the laser target. The laser produced x rays for backlighting escape through a 3 mm diameter hole that is protected by an x-ray filter stack. Both techniques are discussed in detail and have been successfully tested on the $Z$ accelerator.
Les institutions du marché du travail et les inégalités inter-catégorielles : une comparaison France-Canada (2011)

L’évolution des inégalités, au détriment de la main d’oeuvre non qualifiée, est certainement l’une des tendances les plus préoccupantes parmi celles auxquelles ont à faire face les grandes économies occidentales. Néanmoins, cette dégradation ne s’est pas traduite de la même façon dans tous les pays. En effet, dans les pays anglo-saxons, les écarts de revenus se sont accentués tandis que dans les pays de tradition beveridgienne , on parle des inégalités en termes d’accès à l’emploi. L’objet de cet article est, d’une part, de proposer une réflexion sur les causes et les explications de cette évolution défavorable aux catégories les moins formées. D’autre part, dans le cadre d’une comparaison France-Canada, nous allons étudier l’interaction entre les politiques publiques sur le marché du travail et la forme des inégalités présente dans chacun des deux pays. Dans cette perspective, nous comparons les effets de trois régulations publiques, à savoir les allocations chômage, le salaire minimum et l’impôt négatif, sur les performances de l’économie et plus particulièrement sur l’emploi et la formation des salaires.
<sc>Limited</sc> <italic>SLIP</italic> DIFFERENTIALS (1959)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">WITH the increasing power of today's automotive engines, the limited slip differential is coming into more general use. The conventional differential has been found to be inadequate for many driving conditions.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The limited slip differential is one in which the amount of slipping is controlled. This paper discusses three of this type: cam, variable velocity gear, and the friction. The authors describe most fully the latter, concentrating on the Powr-Lok. They include a detailed load and force analysis of the friction-type differential.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The authors believe the limited slip differential greatly increases the utility and safety of a vehicle.</div></div>
Unveiling the Content-Centric Features of TCP (2011)

Content-centric networks have been proposed as a new network paradigm that is centered around the distribution of content. A key idea of content-centric networks is to address content by name and to enable nodes in the network to respond to content requests. Most proposals for content-centric networks require a "clean slate" approach and a replacement of today's TCP/IP protocol stack, which raises questions about a feasible deployment path. In this paper, we ask the question to which extent the ideas of content-centric networks can be realized on top of today's IP protocol suite. We explore an approach for name-based addressing that extends today's TCP/IP protocols in a fully standard compliant way. We implement our new method in order to demonstrate its feasibility and evaluate the performance of the system using both latency and processing overhead as measures. The obtained results demonstrate that name-based addressing on IP is feasible. We also acknowledge that content-centric networks designed from the ground up go beyond what can be achieved on top of IP.
Region‐dependent regulation of mesoaccumbens dopamine neurons<i>in vivo</i>by the constitutive activity of central serotonin2C receptors (2006)

Central serotonin2C receptors (5-HT(2C)Rs) control the mesoaccumbens dopamine (DA) pathway. This control involves the constitutive activity (CA) of 5-HT(2C)Rs, and is thought to engage regionally distinct populations of 5-HT(2C)Rs, leading to opposite functional effects. Here, using in vivo microdialysis in halothane-anesthetized rats, we investigated the relative contribution of ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens shell (NAc) 5-HT(2C)Rs in the phasic/tonic control of accumbal DA release, to specifically identify the nature (inhibition/excitation) of the control, and the role of the 5-HT(2C)R CA. Intra-VTA injections of the selective 5-HT(2C)R antagonists SB 242084 and/or SB 243213 (0.1-0.5 microg/0.2 microL) prevented the decrease in accumbal DA outflow induced by the 5-HT(2C)R agonist Ro 60-0175 (3 mg/kg, i.p), but did not affect the increase in DA outflow induced by the 5-HT(2C)R inverse agonist SB 206553 (5 mg/kg, i.p). Intra-NAc infusions of SB 242084 (0.1-1 microM) blocked Ro 60-0175- and SB 206553-induced changes of DA outflow. Intra-NAc, but not intra-VTA administration of SB 206553 increased basal DA outflow. These findings demonstrate that both VTA and NAc 5-HT(2C)Rs participate in the inhibitory control exerted by 5-HT(2C)Rs on accumbal DA release, and that the NAc shell may represent a primary action site for the CA of 5-HT(2C)Rs.
Quino[1,2‐<i>c</i>]quinazolines. I. Synthesis of quino[1,2‐<i>c</i>]quinazolinium derivatives and the related indazolo[2,3‐<i>a</i>]quinoline derivatives as analogs of the antitumor benzo[<i>c</i>]phenanthridine alkaloids (1980)

Abstract 9,10‐Dimethoxy‐1,2,3,4,12,13‐hexahydro‐1‐oxoquino[1,2‐ c ]quinazolinium perchlorate, 1,2,3,4,13,24‐hexahydro‐1‐oxo[1,3]dioxolo[4,5‐ g ]quino[1,2‐ c ]quinazolinium perchlorate, 6‐methyl‐2,3,9,10‐tetramethoxyquino‐[1,2‐ c ]quinazolinium perchlorate and 2,3‐dimethoxy‐13‐methyl[1,3]dioxolo[4′,5′:6,7]quino[1,2‐ c ]quinazolinium perchlorate were synthesized as analogs of the potent antitumor benzo[ c ]phenanthridine alkaloids nitidine and fagaronine. The related 2,3,8,9‐tetramethoxyindazolo[2,3‐ a ]quinoline and 2,3‐dimethoxy[1,3]dioxolo‐[4,5‐ g ]indazolo[2,3‐ a ]quinoline were also synthesized. Further, the novel formation of 6,7‐dimethoxy‐2‐(2‐ethylamino‐4,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)quinoline via reductive alkylation with Raney nickel in refluxing ethanol is also reported.
A fuzzy approach to digital signal processing concepts and applications (2003)

The author addresses signal analysis and proposes fuzzy signal processing (FSP) as a valuable component in the design of modern 'smart instrumentation'. For this purpose, a fuzzy inference mechanism has been developed and tested with some advanced digital signal processing techniques. Experimentation with FSP leads to the conclusion that its effectiveness depends on the possibility of easily changing applications, thus allowing unified treatment of different processing problems, and the capacity to address applications which are difficult (or impossible) to treat with classical approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anti-tumor activities of andrographolide, a diterpene from<i>Andrographis paniculata</i>, by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting VEGF level (2008)

Andrographolide (1), a diterpenoid lactone isolated from a traditional herb (Andrographis paniculata), is known to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of 1 on various cancer cell lines in vitro. It induced apoptosis of prostate cancer (PC-3) cells (the most sensitive cell line among the cell lines screened) via the activation of caspase 3, up-regulation of bax, and down-regulation of bcl-2. Furthermore, its inhibitory activity on the level of vascular endothelial growth factor was also verified by ELISA.
Logical devices implemented using quantum cellular automata (1994)

We examine the possible implementation of logic devices using coupled quantum dot cells. Each quantum cell contains two electrons which interact Coulombically with neighboring cells. The charge distribution in each cell tends to align along one of two perpendicular axes, which allows the encoding of binary information using the state of the cell. The state of each cell is affected in a very nonlinear way by the states of its neighbors. A line of these cells can be used to transmit binary information. We use these cells to design inverters, programmable logic gates, dedicated AND and OR gates, and non-interfering wire crossings. Complex arrays are simulated which implement the exclusive-OR function and a single-bit full adder.