gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semantic control systems (1995)

Definitions of “control” and their consequences are considered in the context of cybernetics and systems science, semiotics, Meta‐System Transition (MST) Theory, and the Powers school of control theory. First systems, meta‐systems, and their properties are defined in terms of cardinal and dimensional distinctions, variety, and constraint. Two senses of control are discussed and contrasted. A number of results are derived: that standard control results in the active maintenance of a subsystem in a stable, dynamic equilibrium; that this equilibrium is at a distinct hierarchical level; and that it is maintained in the face of disturbances from a variable environment. It is asserted that control requires semantic relations within the control system in the form of controller actions which are “appropriate” for the maintenance of “good control.” Semantic relations are discussed in relation to negative feedback, modeling functions, information, codes, meaning, and life. We conclude with a discussion of some consequences for the theory of metasystem transitions, and a call for the support of the new field of biosemiotics.
EFFICIENCY OF COMBINE USAGE: A STUDY OF COMBINE DATA COMPARING OPERATORS AND COMBINES TO MAXIMIZE EFFICIENCY (2014)

Farming is an important industry in the United States.The custom harvesting industry plays a major role in feeding the world.Schemper Harvesting is a family-owned and operated custom harvesting service that employs 20-25 seasonal workers and understanding how to manage a custom harvesting business professionally and efficiently is the key for its success.Today, there is data available through JDLink on John Deere combine performance beginning in year 2012.The purpose of this study is to examine the usefulness of this JDLink data to assess the efficiency of each of Schemper Harvesting's seven combines, including machine efficiency and different combine operators.The goal is to determine how the data can improve Schemper Harvesting's overall performance.Statistical methods were used to analyze Schemper Harvesting's performance.The analysis indicated that fuel is a major expense and there are ways Schemper Harvesting can conserve fuel.This information may prove valuable in being able to operate a combine more efficiently and save money on expenses.Overall, the objective is to improve Schemper Harvesting's performance, which results in higher profit without sacrificing quality.Precision technology is an added expense to the business.Being able to justify this expense with profit is the answer.Fuel, labor and machinery are the biggest inputs in the custom harvesting business.These costs related to production agriculture have increased the demand for precision agriculture to increase efficiency and profitability.In order to compensate for the investment in technology, it has been demonstrated that it pays for itself.Making correct use of precision technology adds to productivity.With experience,
All-<i>cis</i> Cyclic Peptides (2005)

Amide bonds -NH-CO- preferentially exist in trans conformations, the cis conformation being thermodynamically unfavored with respect to the trans by about 2 kcal/mol. Yet, the main reason most proteins or peptides cannot be made from cis-peptide plaques only lies in that connecting them into open chains appears to be sterically impracticable. It is possible, however, to build all-cis cyclic peptides in which all cis-plaques are efficiently locked. The present work examines, through quantum calculations, the structural and energetic issues associated with these peculiar arrangements. Systematic exploration at DFT-B3LYP level of the potential-energy surfaces for all-cis cyclopolyglycines cG(n)(c) (n = 2-10,15), and to a lesser extent, for all-cis cyclopolyalanines and all-cis cyclopolyphenylalanines confirms that all these structures are true minima. Optimal ring size occurs around eight peptide units, resulting in planar cG7(c), cG8(c), and cG9(c). In smaller systems, the ring strain is relieved through nonplanar cup-like distortions, particularly in cG6(c). From 10 peptide units and beyond, the ring framework distorts into a saddle-edge shape. These molecules disclose some molecular flexibility, as combinatorial tilting of the plaques may give sets of minima close in energy. Indexes based on isodesmic reactions are used to estimate the energy for joining all-cis or all-trans plaques into cyclic peptides. One of them, the mean plaque-junction energy (MPJE) suggests that within sensible sizes from six peptide units and beyond, all-cis plaque association is almost equally favorable as all-trans one. The frame of radiating cis-amide bonds can be considered as defining a new kind of peptidic material, endowed with specific self-assembling properties.
Fabrication of a Planar Zwitterionic Lipid Bilayer on Titanium Oxide (2010)

There is great demand to fabricate planar phospholipid bilayers on biocompatible materials. The preferred method of forming bilayers on these substrates is the spontaneous adsorption and rupture of phospholipid vesicles. However, in the case of titanium oxide, model vesicles composed solely of zwitterionic phospholipids do not follow this self-assembly pathway under physiological conditions, prompting the use of complex bilayer materials and less-facile methods. Herein, we report a novel pH-based strategy for fabricating zwitterionic bilayers on titanium oxide in a simple and robust manner. Depending on the pH conditions under which lipid vesicles adsorb onto titanium oxide, quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring demonstrated that the self-assembly pathway can in fact result in planar bilayer formation. The pH of the solution could then be adjusted to physiological levels with no effect on the mass and viscoelastic properties of the bilayer. Moreover, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements indicated a high degree of lateral lipid diffusivity within the bilayer at physiological pH, commensurate with its role as a cell membrane mimic. Compared to existing protocols, this strategy permits the fabrication of a more diverse array of planar bilayers on titanium oxide by tuning the self-assembly pathway of lipid vesicle adsorption onto solid substrates.
Exploring Natural Product Chemistry and Biology with Multicomponent Reactions. 5. Discovery of a Novel Tubulin-Targeting Scaffold Derived from the Rigidin Family of Marine Alkaloids (2013)

We developed synthetic chemistry to access the marine alkaloid rigidins and over 40 synthetic analogues based on the 7-deazaxanthine, 7-deazaadenine, 7-deazapurine, and 7-deazahypoxanthine skeletons. Analogues based on the 7-deazahypoxanthine skeleton exhibited nanomolar potencies against cell lines representing cancers with dismal prognoses, tumor metastases, and multidrug resistant cells. Studies aimed at elucidating the mode(s) of action of the 7-deazahypoxanthines in cancer cells revealed that they inhibited in vitro tubulin polymerization and disorganized microtubules in live HeLa cells. Experiments evaluating the effects of the 7-deazahypoxanthines on the binding of [(3)H]colchicine to tubulin identified the colchicine site on tubulin as the most likely target for these compounds in cancer cells. Because many microtubule-targeting compounds are successfully used to fight cancer in the clinic, we believe the new chemical class of antitubulin agents represented by the 7-deazahypoxanthine rigidin analogues have significant potential as new anticancer agents.
Robust Superamphiphobic Nanoscale Copper Sheet Surfaces Produced by a Simple and Environmentally Friendly Technique (2014)

In this study, robust nanoscale superamphiphobic (SAP) copper (Cu) sheet surfaces are obtained with an exceptionally simple and environmentally friendly technique. Copper oxide nanostructures are imparted onto the Cu sheet surface by a facile treatment of the surfaces with hot de‐ionized water (≈80 °C) for different time periods. A morphological transformation starting from cube‐like nanostructures associated with Cu 2 O to leaf‐like nanostructures of CuO with the progress in treatment time is observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and laser scanning microscopy (LSM) analysis confirm the formation of copper oxide nanostructures. Consequently, the wetting properties of the treated Cu sheet surfaces toward water and organic liquids is varied after the surface energy reduction of the nanostructures with long chain fluorocarbon molecules of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H‐perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (PFDCS). The leaf‐like nanostructured CuO surfaces demonstrate SAP properties with a water contact angle (CA) as high as 160° and organic liquid CAs of around 150°. The robustness of the obtained SAP Cu sheet surface is confirmed after being exposed to a stream of both water and organic liquids, annealed under various temperatures in ambient environment, and ultra‐sonicated in acetone for various time periods.
Simulation of hydrolytic polymerization of .epsilon.-caprolactam in various reactors. A review on recent advances in reaction engineering of polymerization (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimulation of hydrolytic polymerization of .epsilon.-caprolactam in various reactors. A review on recent advances in reaction engineering of polymerizationKazuo Tai and Takashi TagawaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1983, 22, 2, 192–206Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300010a007https://doi.org/10.1021/i300010a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views319Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Comparative study on production,purification of penicillin by Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from soil and citrus samples (2011)

Objective:To explore various unexplored locations where Penicillium spp.would be available and study the production of penicillin from the isolated Penicillium spp.in different media with altered carbohydrate source.Methods:The collected soil samples were screened for the isolation of Penicillium chrysogenum(P.chrysogenum) by soil dilution plate.The isolated Penicillium species were further grown in different production media with changes in the carbohydrate source.The extracted penicillin from various isolates was analyzed by HPLC for the efficacy of the product.Further the products were screened with various bacterial species including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).And the work was extended to find the possible action on MRSA,along with characterization using other pathogens.Results:From the various soil and citrus samples used for analysis,only the soil sample from Government General Hospital of Bangalore,India,and Sanjay Gandhi Hospital,Bangalore,India,showed some potential growth of the desired fungi P.chrysogenum.Different production media showed varied range of growth of PenicilUum.Optimum production of penicillin was obtained in maltose which proved maximum zone of inhibition during assay.Characterization of penicillin on pathogens,like wild Escherichia coli strain,Klebsiella spp.,and MRSA,gave quite interesting results such as no activity on the later strain as it is resistant.HPLC data provided the analytical and confirmation details of the penicillin produced.Accordingly,the penicillin produced from the soil sample of Government General Hospital had the high milli absorbance unit of 441.5 mAu compared with that of the penicillin produced from Sanjay Gandhi Hospital sample,8S.S2 mAu.Therefore,there was a considerable change in quantity of the penicillin produced from both the samples.Conclusions: The Penicillium spp.could be possibly rich in hospital contaminants and its environments.This research focuses on various unexplored sources of medical ailments,and also shows that the grow
“Breakthrough” Dopamine Supersensitivity during Ongoing Antipsychotic Treatment Leads to Treatment Failure over Time (2007)

Antipsychotics often lose efficacy in patients despite chronic continuous treatment. Why this occurs is not known. It is known, however, that withdrawal from chronic antipsychotic treatment induces behavioral dopaminergic supersensitivity in animals. How this emerging supersensitivity might interact with ongoing treatment has never been assessed. Therefore, we asked whether dopamine supersensitivity could overcome the behavioral and neurochemical effects of antipsychotics while they are still in use. Using two models of antipsychotic-like effects in rats, we show that during ongoing treatment with clinically relevant doses, haloperidol and olanzapine progressively lose their efficacy in suppressing amphetamine-induced locomotion and conditioned avoidance responding. Treatment failure occurred despite high levels of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy by the antipsychotic and was at least temporarily reversible by an additional increase in antipsychotic dose. To explore potential mechanisms, we studied presynaptic and postsynaptic elements of the dopamine system and observed that antipsychotic failure was accompanied by opposing changes across the synapse: tolerance to the ability of haloperidol to increase basal dopamine and dopamine turnover on one side, and 20-40% increases in D2 receptor number and 100-160% increases in the proportion of D2 receptors in the high-affinity state for dopamine (D2(High)) on the other. Thus, the loss of antipsychotic efficacy is linked to an increase in D2 receptor number and sensitivity. These results are the first to demonstrate that "breakthrough" supersensitivity during ongoing antipsychotic treatment undermines treatment efficacy. These findings provide a model and a mechanism for antipsychotic treatment failure and suggest new directions for the development of more effective antipsychotics.
Expression of <i>hiwi</i> gene in human gastric cancer was associated with proliferation of cancer cells (2005)

Stem cell genetics research may be critical to our understanding of carcinogenesis, as both stem cells and cancer cells possess the ability to self-renew. Recent discoveries have indicated that the piwi family of genes plays an essential role in stem cell self-renewal in diverse organisms. The hiwi gene, the human homolog of the piwi family, participates in germ cell proliferation and its overexpression may cause the development of germ cell malignancy, but its expression and function in epithelial solid cancers have not been explored. In the present study, we investigated whether there was an association between hiwi expression and human gastric cancer and its potential mechanism. RT-PCR findings demonstrated that hiwi was expressed in different gastric cancer cell lines. To identify the HIWI protein in gastric cancer, we developed a specific monoclonal antibody against HIWI and immunohistochemistry was performed on various gastric tissues. We found that the expression ratio of hiwi in normal gastric tissues, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancers was 10% (5/50), 36% (18/50), 36% (18/50) and 76% (38/50), respectively, which was consistent with precancerous development. Notably, the expression pattern of hiwi in gastric cancer tissues was similar to that of Ki67, which was used as a marker of proliferation. Moreover, the suppression of hiwi by antisense or RNAi inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells and induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. These results suggest that hiwi may be involved in the development of gastric cancer and is a potential target for cancer therapy.
Methods for analyzing spectroscopic line shapes. NMR solid powder patterns (1986)

A new method is described for numerically computing theoretical NMR powder patterns which achieves a many-fold increase in speed and accuracy over previous techniques. The method incorporates a simple and efficient technique for selecting the set of crystal orientations over which the spectral frequencies are calculated. The orientation selection technique is then integrated with an interpolation scheme which transfers the intensities at these frequencies to the computed spectrum. The method will be useful whenever an average over a sphere is computed numerically. The new efficiency of the method makes practical least squares fitting of theoretical spectra to experimental NMR data. The fits provide unbiased estimates of the NMR parameters and their errors. The technique is illustrated by extracting chemical shift tensors from a proton decoupled carbon-13 NMR spectrum.
Accelerating Galois Field Arithmetic for Reed-Solomon Erasure Codes in Storage Applications (2011)

Galois fields (also called finite fields) play an essential role in the areas of cryptography and coding theory. They are the foundation of various error- and erasure-correcting codes and therefore central to the design of reliable storage systems. The efficiency and performance of these systems depend considerably on the implementation of Galois field arithmetic, in particular on the implementation of the multiplication. In current software implementations multiplication is typically performed by using pre-calculated lookup tables for the logarithm and its inverse or even for the full multiplication result. However, today the memory subsystem has become one of the main bottlenecks in commodity systems and relying on large in-memory data structures accessed from inner loop code can severely impact the overall performance and deteriorate scalability. In this paper, we study the execution of Galois field multiplication on modern processor architectures without using lookup tables. Instead we propose to trade computation for memory references and, therefore, to perform full polynomial multiplication with modular reduction using the generator polynomial of the Galois field. We present a SIMDized (vectorized) implementation of the polynomial multiplication algorithm in GF(2^16) and show the performance on commodity processors and on GPGPU accelerators.
Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (1991)

Abstract Ferroelectric liquid crystals having a fluorine atom at an asymmetric carbon were synthesized by means of a new method without hydrofluoric acid. An amino acid, L-isoleucine, is converted to (R,S)-α-fluorinated chiral carboxylic acid. Biphenyl and triphenyl type liquid crystals are easily synthesized using this fluorinated carboxylic acid, which show a large spontaneous polarization of 200 nC/cm2 for the biphenyl type and 300 nC/cm2 for the triphenyl type. The electro-optic properties of the mixtures consisting of the chiral compound and various non-chiral smectic C (SmC) compounds are also described.
Sidewall roughness in photonic crystal slabs: a comparison of high-contrast membranes and low-contrast III-V epitaxial structures (2003)

We have simulated sidewall roughness in photonic crystal slabs. Structures with a low vertical index contrast (like III-V waveguides) are shown to be more prone to scattering at sidewall roughness than membranes or SOI-like structures.
Cardiac Ultrasonography (1972)

Cardiac ultrasonography is the production of two-dimensional cross-sectional images of intracardiac anatomy by stop-action compound scan pulse-echo ultrasound. The images show the size and shape of the cardiac chambers in systole and diastole, the appearance of heart valves, and the orientation of the great vessels. The stop-action display is created by repetitively activating the recording oscilloscope for a selected short segment of each cardiac cycle. The activating signal is timed by the patient's electrocardiogram. Asynchronous motion of the scanner accumulates additional echoes with each cycle. As a noninvasive technique, it is without risk or morbidity.
A Pore-Size-Dependent Equation of State for Multilayer Adsorption in Cylindrical Mesopores (1999)

The chemical potential of adsorbed film inside cylindrical mesopores is dependent on the attractive interactions between the adsorbed molecules and adsorbent, the curvature of gas/adsorbed phase interface, and surface tension. A state equation of the adsorbed film is proposed to take into account the above factors. Nitrogen adsorption on model adsorbents, MCM-41, which exhibit uniform cylindrical channels, are used to verify the theoretical analysis. The proposed theory is capable of describing the important features of adsorption processes in cylindrical mesopores. According to this theory, at a given relative pressure, the smaller the pore radius is, the thicker the adsorbed film will be. The thickening of adsorbed films in the pores as the vapor pressure increases inevitably causes an increase in the interface curvature, which consequently leads to capillary condensation. Besides, this study confirmed that the interface tension depends substantially on the interface curvature in small mesopores. A quantitative relationship between the condensation pressure and the pore radius can be derived from the state equation and used to predict the pore radius from a condensation pressure, or vice versa.
PREDICTIVE DISPLAYS FOR HIGH LATENCY TELEOPERATION (2016)

<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>This paper presents a method to mitigate high latency in the teleoperation of unmanned ground systems through display prediction and state estimation. Specifically, it presents a simulation environment which models both sides of the teleoperation system in the laboratory. The simulation includes a teleoperated vehicle model to represent the dynamics in high fidelity. The sensors and actuators are modeled as well as the communication channel. The latency mitigation approach is implemented in this simulation environment, which consists of a feed-forward vehicle model as a state estimator which drives a predictive display algorithm. These components work together to help the operator receive immediate feedback regarding his/her control actions. The paper contains a technical discussion of the design as well as specific implementation. It concludes with the presentation of some experimental data which demonstrate significant improvement over the unmitigated case.</p>
Successful management of postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma with p53 gene therapy combining transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (2005)

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has become the standard treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). But this method has some shortages. p53 gene, which was found to be mutant in many human tumors, has been proved with broad-spectrum anti-tumor effects. We reported a 23-year-old patient with recurrent HCC after irregular hepatectomy. The p53 gene was applied to this patient. We injected percutaneously and infused transcatheterally p53 gene (Gendicine, Shenzhen Sibiono Bentech, China) into his recurrent nodules in liver respectively and 4 d later, the patient received TACE therapy. In the 2 mo follow-up, the patient was in good clinical condition with normal liver function and no recurrence was identified. The case report proposed that recurrent HCC could be successfully treated with p53 gene therapy combining TACE.