gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generic protease detection technology for monitoring periodontal disease (2010)

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting tissues of teeth and can lead to destruction of the bone support and ultimately tooth loss if untreated. Progression of periodontitis is usually site specific but not uniform, and currently there are no accurate clinical methods for distinguishing sites where there is active disease progression from sites that are quiescent. Consequently, unnecessary and costly treatment of periodontal sites that are not progressing may occur. Three proteases have been identified as suitable markers for distinguishing sites with active disease progression and quiescent sites: human neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and MMP8. Generic sensor materials for the detection of these three proteases have been developed based on thin dextran hydrogel films cross-linked with peptides. Degradation of the hydrogel films was monitored using impedance measurements. The target proteases were detected in the clinically relevant range within a time frame of 3 min. Good specificity for different proteases was achieved by choosing appropriate peptide cross-linkers.
Wearable Self‐Charging Power Textile Based on Flexible Yarn Supercapacitors and Fabric Nanogenerators (2015)

A novel and scalable self-charging power textile is realized by combining yarn supercapacitors and fabric triboelectric nanogenerators as energy-harvesting devices.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in core and core/shell CdSe quantum rods: Role of the surface and interface defects (2005)

Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, in the visible spectral range, is used to study fast processes after photoexcitation in quantum confined wurtzite CdSe core and $\mathrm{CdSe}∕\mathrm{CdS}∕\mathrm{ZnS}$ core/shell nanorods. Effective-mass theory is applied to assign the energy levels in linear absorption spectra. Sequential bleaching of the excitonic states and photoinduced absorption are observed in the transmission difference spectra. A strong difference was found between the core and core/shell samples. In fact, in the transient transmission difference spectra, the decay time of the higher energy states is faster in the core than in the core/shell samples (200 fs versus 500 fs), due to the trapping in the unpassivated surface states of the bare core. Stimulated emission (SE) has been achieved in CdSe core and core/shell quantum rods at room temperature. As a striking feature, the SE is sustained for a shorter time in the core/shell sample (25 ps) compared with the core sample (50 ps). We demonstrate that this result is due to the competition between SE and photoinduced absorption from defect states in the midgap of the core/shell sample. Such midgap states are related to the formation of extended defects at the core/shell interface, due to lattice strain relaxation.
Radical Polymerization of Styrene in the Presence of Aromatic Nitroso Compounds (1970)

芳香族ニトロソ化合物の存在下でAIBNを開始剤とするスチレンのラジカル重合をベンゼン溶液中, 50, 60および70℃で行なった結果, ニトロソ化合物が効果的な禁止剤として作用することを認めた。しかし, 禁止期間中ニトロソベンゼンはスチレンと反応してその一部が消費されることも明らかになった。この事実は禁止期間より求められるニトロソベンゼン減少速度がAIBNとニトロソベンゼンとの直接反応から求めた減少速度よりもわずかに大きいことによって示される。そこでニトロソおよび置換ニトロソベンゼンとスチレンの反応を行なったところ, 置換基の種類により著しく影響を受けることが認められた。この置換基の影響は上記の重合禁止実験において, 禁止時間に差異が観測された事実とよく一致している。
Resource bricolage for parallel database systems (2014)

Running parallel database systems in an environment with heterogeneous resources has become increasingly common, due to cluster evolution and increasing interest in moving applications into public clouds. For database systems running in a heterogeneous cluster, the default uniform data partitioning strategy may overload some of the slow machines while at the same time it may under-utilize the more powerful machines. Since the processing time of a parallel query is determined by the slowest machine, such an allocation strategy may result in a significant query performance degradation. We take a first step to address this problem by introducing a technique we call resource bricolage that improves database performance in heterogeneous environments. Our approach quantifies the performance differences among machines with various resources as they process workloads with diverse resource requirements. We formalize the problem of minimizing workload execution time and view it as an optimization problem, and then we employ linear programming to obtain a recommended data partitioning scheme. We verify the effectiveness of our technique with an extensive experimental study on a commercial database system.
Nucleic acid-functionalized nanomaterials for bioimaging applications (2011)

Nanomaterials possess several useful properties, including large surface-to-volume ratio, high biocompatibility, facile surface modification and overall structural robustness. They also have unique optical, magnetic and electronic properties. Nucleic acids, whether designed or selected in vitro, play important roles in biological assays and clinical diagnostics. In addition to nucleic acid probe-based nucleotide complementarity, aptamers, which can bind with high affinity and specificity to a wide range of target molecules, comprise a new class of nucleic acids selected in vitro. The coupling of nucleic acids, including aptamers, with various nanomaterials provides special opportunities for developing novel biosensing systems with advanced and powerful functions. This review summarizes recent achievements in the design of nucleic acid-functionalized nanomaterials for bioimaging applications, especially carbon nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, and polyacrylamide nanoparticles. Because DNA is easier to synthesize and more stable than RNA, this review mainly focuses on the bioimaging applications of DNA-functionalized nanomaterials.
Roles of E- and P-cadherin in the human skin (1997)

The Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules, termed cadherins, are subdivided into several subclasses. E (epithelial)- and P (placental)-cadherins are involved in the selective adhesion of epidermal cells. E-cadherin is expressed on the cell surfaces of all epidermal layers and P-cadherin is expressed only on the surfaces of basal cells. Ultrastructural studies have shown that E-cadherin is distributed on the plasma membranes of keratinocytes with a condensation in the intercellular space of the desmosomes. During human skin development P-cadherin expression is spatiotemporally controlled and closely related to the segregation of basal layers as well as to the arrangement of epidermal cells into eccrine ducts. In human skin diseases E-cadherin expression is markedly reduced on the acantholytic cells of tissues in pemphigus and Darier's disease. Cell adhesion molecules are now considered to play a significant role in the cellular connections of cancer and metastatic cells. Reduced expression of E-cadherin on invasive neoplastic cells has been demonstrated for cancers of the stomach, liver, breast, and several other organs. This reduced or unstable expression of E- and P-cadherin is observed in squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and Paget's disease, but cadherin expression is conserved in basal cell carcinoma. Keratinocytes cultured in high calcium produce much more intense immunofluorescence of intercellular E- and P-cadherin than those cells grown in low calcium. E-cadherins on the plasma membrane of the keratinocytes are shifted to desmosomes under physiological conditions, and therein may express an adhesion function in association with other desmosomal cadherins. Soluble E-cadherins in sera are elevated in various skin diseases including bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, and psoriasis, but not in patients with burns. Markedly high levels in soluble E-cadherin are demonstrated in patients with metastatic cancers.
Cinchona Alkaloid Catalyzed Enantioselective Fluorination of Allyl Silanes, Silyl Enol Ethers, and Oxindoles (2008)

Catalytic variant: Allyl silanes and silyl enol ethers 1 are good substrates for the catalytic highly enantioselective fluorodesilylation using a combination of a bis-cinchona alkaloid, N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI), and base (see scheme). Pharmaceutically attractive 3-aryl-3-fluorooxindoles such as 3 can also be synthesized with high enantioselectivity. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z800717_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Heteroatom‐embedded Medium‐Sized Cycloalkynes: Concise Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Reactions (2014)

Abstract A variety of medium‐sized cycloalkynes were efficiently synthesized by the double Nicholas reaction of cobalt complex and bis(hetero)substituted acyclic compound. The alkyne moiety within the ring has a unique bent structure and high reactivity toward cycloaddition reactions. Furthermore, preparation of multifunctionalized alkynes was achieved by embedding the cycloalkyne within a peptide chain.
The SL supervisory system (1984)

Long-haul transmission systems often require a supervisory system to accomplish such repeater control and monitor functions as switching in standby comp onents and measuring performance parameters. In an undersea system, it is impractical to provide a physically separate channel on which the repeater can send and receive supervisory signals. In SL, this problem is solved by embedding supervisory signals within the main data channels in such a way that they can be extracted or added within the repeater. Supervisory commands are sent to the repeaters on a subcarrier derived by periodically switching between odd and even paritY computed over blocks of data. Supervisory responses are sent from the repeaters by low-index phase modulation of the data stream. This paper details the implementation of this scheme, as well as its benefits and limitations.
[Modulation of lianbizi injection (andrographolide) on some immune functions]. (2002)

Andrographolide is an immunostimulant agent which can modulate both antigen specific and nonspecific immune function by means of its natural killer cells and macrophage and cytokines induction.
Partition Studies on Phenols. I. Relation between Partition Coefficient and Ionization Constant (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPartition Studies on Phenols. I. Relation between Partition Coefficient and Ionization ConstantC. Golumbic, M. Orchin, and S. WellerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 8, 2624–2627Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01176a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01176a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views369Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heuristics for trie index minimization (1979)

A trie is a digital search tree in which leaves correspond to records in a file. Searching proceeds from the root to a leaf, where the edge taken at each node depends on the value of an attribute in the query. Trie implementations have the advantage of being fast, but the disadvantage of achieving that speed at great expense in storage space. Of primary concern in making a trie practical, therefore, is the problem of minimizing storage requirements. One method for reducing the space required is to reorder attribute testing. Unfortunately, the problem of finding an ordering which guarantees a minimum-size trie is NP-complete. In this paper we investigate several heuristics for reordering attributes, and derive bounds on the sizes of the worst tries produced by them in terms of the underlying file. Although the analysis is presented for a binary file, extensions to files of higher degree are shown. Another alternative for reducing the space required by a trie is an implementation, called an Ο-trie, in which the order of attribute testing is contained in the trie itself. We show that for most applications, Ο-tries are smaller than other implementations of tries, even when heuristics for improving storage requirements are employed.
IMMUNOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN URINE AND SERUM OF PREGNANT WOMEN AND WOMEN WITH A HYDATIDIFORM MOLE (1967)

ABSTRACT When human chorionic gonadotrophin from the urine of pregnant women is assayed both biologically and immunologically, the ratio (B/I) between the two activities is less than unity, and changes as pregnancy progresses. This suggests that the two methods do not wholly measure the same activity. Urines from women with a hydatidiform mole have a B/I ratio higher than urines from women with normal pregnancies, and this difference can be used to distinguish between a pregnancy and a hydatidiform mole. The B/I ratio of the serum from pregnant women is significantly higher than that of the urine. The B/I ratio of serum from women with a hydatidiform mole, and from those with a normal pregnancy, are of the same magnitude. Factors which might influence the immunological and biological HCG activity in the urine and serum are discussed.
Depth imaging examples and methodology in the Gulf of Mexico (2001)

Advances in seismic imaging over the past several years have revolutionized interpretation of geologic structures in complex areas. Nowhere has the impact of this technology been greater than the Gulf of Mexico, where the ability to interpret structures in subsalt areas has led to very large oil discoveries. Interestingly, although many techniques used in imaging these complex areas are new, the basis for many may be found in the classic methods of time imaging, many of which are still used in large-scale production depth imaging. Inherent in these techniques has been the assumption of a locally flat-layered earth consistent with hyperbolic moveout, which although incorrect for complex areas such as the subsalt imaging in the Gulf of Mexico, carries with it a robustness and determinism.
Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Prevent Chemotherapy-Induced Persistent Sensory Neuropathy By TRPA1 Blockade (2013)

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a severe and painful adverse reaction of cancer treatment in patients that is little understood or treated. Cytotoxic drugs that cause CIPN exert their effects by increasing oxidative stress, which activates the ion channel TRPA1 expressed by nociceptors. In this study, we evaluated whether TRPA1 acted as a critical mediator of CIPN by bortezomib or oxaliplatin in a mouse model system. Bortezomib evoked a prolonged mechanical, cold, and selective chemical hypersensitivity (the latter against the TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate). This CIPN hypersensitivity phenotype that was stably established by bortezomib could be transiently reverted by systemic or local treatment with the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031. A similar effect was produced by the oxidative stress scavenger α-lipoic acid. Notably, the CIPN phenotype was abolished completely in mice that were genetically deficient in TRPA1, highlighting its essential role. Administration of bortezomib or oxaliplatin, which also elicits TRPA1-dependent hypersensitivity, produced a rapid, transient increase in plasma of carboxy-methyl-lysine, a by-product of oxidative stress. Short-term systemic treatment with either HC-030031 or α-lipoic acid could completely prevent hypersensitivity if administered before the cytotoxic drug. Our findings highlight a key role for early activation/sensitization of TRPA1 by oxidative stress by-products in producing CIPN. Furthermore, they suggest prevention strategies for CIPN in patients through the use of early, short-term treatments with TRPA1 antagonists.
Association of an interleukin 1B gene polymorphism (−511) with Parkinson's disease in Finnish patients (2002)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two most common neurodegenerative conditions characterised by the presence of abnormal accumulation of proteins and loss of neurones in specific regions of the brain. The aetiology and pathogenesis of AD and PD still remain largely unknown. Evidence has emerged that immune mediated mechanisms may be important in the development of these disorders,1,2 and cytokine interleukin 1 (IL1) is one of the mediators suggested to be involved.

The IL1 family comprises three proteins, the proinflammatory IL1α and IL1β and their inhibitor IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra), which are encoded by the IL1A , IL1B , and IL1RN genes respectively.3 Since IL1 may have a role in AD4–8 and in PD,9,10 variation in the IL1A , IL1B , and IL1RN genes may be of importance in the development of these disorders. There is already some evidence in support of this, including the postulated association of the IL1A (−889) \*2/\*2 genotype with AD11 and the influence of the IL1B (−511) \*1/\*1 genotype on age at onset of PD.12 However, validation in different population groups is needed to determine whether polymorphisms located in the IL1A , IL1B , and IL1RN genes represent actual susceptibility factors for AD and PD. In the present study, our purpose was to investigate whether polymorphisms of the IL1 cluster genes are associated with the risk of AD or PD in Finnish patients.

Ethical approval for the investigation was obtained from the local Hospital Ethical Committees. All patients and controls enrolled in the study were from western Finland. The AD group consisted of 92 sporadic late onset (>65 years) patients (63 women, 29 men). Thirty-eight patients (mean age at onset 73.7 years (SD 4.9)) met the clinical diagnostic criteria of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work …
Multipath Model and Exploitation in Through-the-Wall and Urban Radar Sensing (2011)

We derive a multipath model for sensing through walls using radars. The model considers propagation through a front wall and specular reflections at interior walls in an enclosed room under surveillance. The model is derived such that additional eigenrays can be easily accommodated. A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system is considered, and stationary or slowly moving targets are assumed. The focused downrange and crossrange locations of multipath ghosts are established and validated using numerical, as well as experimental data. The multipath model permits an implementation of a multipath exploitation algorithm, which associates, as well as maps, each target ghost back to its corresponding true target location. In doing so, the proposed algorithm improves the radar system performance by aiding in ameliorating the false positives in the original SAR image, as well as increasing the signal-to-clutter ratio at the target locations, culminating in enhanced behind the wall target detection and localization.
LATERAL DYNAMICS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES (1965)

The fundamentals of lateral dynamics theory of railway vehicles is reviewed. Numerous topics are presented, including: stable running theory, longitudinal creep, forward speeds, sinusoidal path, forces acting, hunting, conditons for stability, critical speeds, profiled wheels, suspension, coned and profiled wheels, wear of trends, vehicle design, and track geometry.
Spin Torque Nano Oscillators as Potential Terahertz (THz) Communications Devices (2009)

Abstract : In this report, we describe the complex impedance of spin torque nano oscillator (STNO) devices. We determined that the STNO is a nonreactive, real-resistance device with single-valued resistance in the broadband frequency range of 500 MHz to 10 GHz (the limit of our test conditions), and that STNOs do not require an external circuit or conjugate matching to operate in a transmitter configuration. We report the first demonstration of the low-power (250 pW), high-frequency (9 GHz) microwave output from an antenna-coupled discrete 50 nm diameter magnetic STNO radiating through air over a distance of 1 m. Amplitude and frequency modulation of the output radiation was used to transmit information from the STNO through microwave antennas. In addition to our identification of the STNO as a highly unusual broadband component that is frequency agile over at least four octaves of frequency without conjugate matching, the STNO is inherently radiation hard with an extremely low operating voltage (<0.25 V) compared to solid-state electronic devices including field-effect transistors (FETs), impact ionization avalanche transit time (IMPATT) diodes, and Gunn diodes. The present results establish the viability of using this class of nanoelectronic devices for frequency-agile communications applications at high frequencies.
<title>Amplitude and phase beam characterization using a two-dimensional wavefront sensor</title> (1996)

We have developed a two-dimensional Shack-Hartman wavefront sensor that uses binary optic lenslet arrays to directly measure the wavefront slope (phase gradient) and amplitude of the laser beam. This sensor uses an array of lenslets that dissects the beam into a number of samples. The focal spot location of each of these lenslets (measured by a CCD camera) is related to the incoming wavefront slope over the lenslet. By integrating these measurements over the laser aperture, the wavefront or phase distribution can be determined. Since the power focused by each lenslet is also easily determined, this allows a complete measurement of the intensity and phase distribution of the laser beam. Furthermore, all the information is obtained in a single measurement. Knowing the complete scalar field of the beam allows the detailed prediction of the actual beam's characteristics along its propagation path. In particular, the space-beamwidth product, M<SUP>2</SUP>, can be obtained in a single measurement. The intensity and phase information can be used in concert with information about other elements in the optical train to predict the beam size, shape, phase and other characteristics anywhere in the optical train. We present preliminary measurements of an Ar<SUP>+</SUP> laser beam and associated M<SUP>2</SUP> calculations.