gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Optimization of Passivation Layout Structure for Reliability Improvement of Memory Devices (1996)

In the present study, a 3-dimensional finite element model has been adopted to characterize the thermal stress distribution in memory devices with multilayered passivation coating. The simulation results detail how the distribution of the interfacial stress along the passivation and die premolding coating interface correlates with occurrence of the passivation crack. Furthermore, it is shown how the stress component which causes the passivation crack is determined by the geometry and the mechanical properties of the passivation layer. The simulation result shows that an increase of the passivation thickness contributes to its thermomechanical stability. The experimental work also indicates that a thickening of the passivation layer composed of a silicon nitride film with an oxide layer coating is a highly effective way to retard crack initiation due to shear stress. Particularly, the passivation layer with a ductile underlayer such as PSG (phosphosilicate glass) is essential for the reliability improvement of high density memory devices because this construction allows sufficient elasticity to compensate for thermal expansion mismatch between packaging materials and improves the step coverage.
A multibaseline stereo system with active illumination and real-time image acquisition (2002)

We describe our implementation of a parallel depth recovery scheme for a four-camera multibaseline stereo in a convergent configuration. Our system is capable of image capture at video rate. This is critical in applications that require three-dimensional tracking. We obtain dense stereo depth data by projecting a light pattern of frequency modulated sinusoidally varying intensity onto the scene, thus increasing the local discriminability at each pixel and facilitating matches. In addition, we make most of the camera view areas by converging them at a volume of interest. Results show that we are able to extract stereo depth data that are, on the average, less than 1 mm in error at distances between 1.5 to 3.5 m away from the cameras.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Gamma Interferon Receptor Is Required for the Protective Pulmonary Inflammatory Response to<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> (2005)

Mice with a null deletion mutation in the gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) receptor gene were used to study the role of IFN-gamma responsiveness during experimental pulmonary cryptococcosis. Cryptococcus neoformans was inoculated intratracheally into mice lacking the IFN-gamma receptor gene (IFN-gammaR-/-) and into control mice (IFN-gammaR+/+). The numbers of CFU in lung, spleen, and brain were determined to assess clearance; cytokines produced by lung leukocytes were measured, and survival curves were generated. In the present study, we demonstrate the following points. (i) IFN-gammaR-/- mice are markedly more susceptible to C. neoformans infection than IFN-gammaR+/+ mice. (ii) In the absence of IFN-gamma signaling, pulmonary CFU continue to increase over the course of infection, and the infection disseminates to the brain. (iii) In the absence of IFN-gamma receptor, recruitment of inflammatory cells in response to pulmonary cryptococcal infection is not impaired. (iv) At week 5 postinfection, IFN-gammaR-/- mice have recruited greater numbers of leukocytes into their lungs, with neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes accounting for this cellular increase. (v) IFN-gamma signaling is required for the development of a T1 over a T2 immune response in the lung following cryptococcal infection. These results indicate that in the absence of IFN- gamma responsiveness, even though the recruitment of pulmonary inflammatory cells is not impaired and the secretion of IFN-gamma is not affected, IFN-gammaR-/- mice do not have the ability to resolve the cryptococcal infection. In conclusion, our data suggest that proper functional IFN-gamma signaling, possibly through a mechanism which inhibits the potentially disease-promoting T2 response, is required for mice to confine the cryptococcal infection.
Electronics Manufacturing (2002)

Table of contents

Chapter 1: Introduction to Environmentally Benign Electronics Manufacturing
Chapter 2: Chip (Wafer)-Level Interconnects with Lead-Free Solder Bumps
Chapter 3: WLCSP with Lead-Free Solder Bumps on PCB/Substrate 
Chapter 4: Chip (Wafer)-Level Interconnects with Solderless Bumps
Chapter 5: WLCSP with Solderless Bumps on PCB/Substrate
Chapter 6: Environmentally Benign Molding Compounds for IC Packages
Chapter 7: Environmentally Benign Die Attach Films for IC Packaging
Chapter 8: Environmental Issues for Conventional PCBs
Chapter 9: Halogenated and Halogen-Free Materials for Flame Retardation
Chapter 10: Fabrication of Environmentally Friendly PCB
Chapter 11: Global Status of Lead-Free Soldering
Chapter 12: Development of Lead-Free Solder Alloys
Chapter 13: Prevailing Lead-Free Alloys
Chapter 14: Lead-Free Surface Finishes
Chapter 15: Implementation of Lead-Free Soldering
Chapter 16: Challenges for Lead-Free Soldering
Chapter 17: Introduction to Conductive Adhesives
Chapter 18: Conductivity Establishment of Conductive Adhesives
Chapter 19: Mechanisms Underlying the Unstable Contact Resistance of ECAs
Chapter 20: Stabilization of Contact Resistance of Conductive Adhesives
Index
About the Author
Cavity-enhanced Kerr effect for magneto-optic spectroscopy of nanostructures (2004)

The magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) is commonly used in time-resolved measurements of magnetization. A technique is presented to amplify this rotation and improve the signal-to-noise ratio in measurements of the very small polarization changes that are needed to measure magnetization reversal in single domain nanomagnets. The largest cavity-induced enhancement to date, a factor of 16.25, was observed. Enhancement of up to three orders of magnitude is possible with optimized structures.
Rapid method for design and fabrication of passive micromixers in microfluidic devices using a direct-printing process (2005)

We developed a facile and rapid one-step technique for design and fabrication of passive micromixers in microfluidic devices using a direct-printing process. A laser printing mechanism was dexterously adopted to pattern the microchannels with different gray levels using vector graphic software. With the present method, periodically ordered specific bas-relief microstructures can be easily fabricated on transparencies by a simple printing process. The size and shape of the resultant microstructures are determined by the gray level of the graphic software and the resolution of the laser printer. Patterns of specific bas-relief microstructures on the floor of a channel act as obstacles in the flow path for advection mixing, which can be used as efficient mixing elements. The mixing effect of the resultant micromixer in microfluidic devices was evaluated using CCD fluorescence spectroscopy. We found that the mixing performance depends strongly on the gray level values. Under optimal conditions, fast passive mixing with our periodic ordered patterns in microfluidic devices has been achieved at the very early stages of the laminar flow. In addition, fabrication of micromixers using the present versatile technique requires less than an hour. The present method is promising for fabrication of micromixers in microfluidic devices at low cost and without complicated devices and environment, providing a simple solution to mixing problems in the micro-total-analysis-systems field.
Cryopreserved Human Umbilical Cord for In Utero Myeloschisis Repair (2016)

Cryopreserved human umbilical cord may be a suitable patch system for the spina bifida closure.
Dynamic Network Selection in Wireless LAN/MAN Heterogeneous Networks (2007)

This chapter describes the design of intelligent network selection strategies for initial call setup and for subsequent dynamic handover in wireless heterogeneous networks for transfer of future application data. It proposes a utility-based algorithm that accounts for user time constraints, estimates complete delivery time, and then selects the most promising access network based on consumer surplus difference. In Service-oriented heterogeneous wireless network environment, service provision is decoupled from the delivery mechanism, introducing service providers as a third party into the wireless arena. Traditionally each mobile user was attached by contract to one sole network operator and the offered wireless applications were voice and short message service. The chapter presents a study on the proposal for an intelligent utility-based network selection strategy for initial call setup, and for subsequent dynamic handover, in wireless local area network/metropolitan area network heterogeneous networks for transfer of non-real-time data files.
Volatile Metal Alkoxides according to the Concept of Donor Functionalization (1995)

Abstract Since the fundamental works of D. C. Bradley and R. C. Mehrotra, metal alkoxides have attracted attention because of the diversity of their low‐ and high‐molecular‐weight structures; they are also generating increasing interest as precursor compounds for solving technical materials problems. The understanding of the hydrolytic nucleation behavior is a prerequisite for the optimization of materials from sol–gel processes. For metal alkoxides to be precursors in c hemical v apor d eposition (CVD) processes in the preparation of inorganic oxidic materials, they should be sufficiently volatile, and sublimation should occur without decomposition at as low a temperature as possible (< 150 °C). Only recently, using the “donor functionalization” concept, was a ligand type systematically developed that unifies the advantages of both steric demands and σ‐donor stabilization and so stabilizes low‐molecularweight metal alkoxides. Even large metal ions of low charge (for example Ba 2+ ) can thus form volatile alkoxides. O‐ and N‐donor functions in bidentate and multidentate alkoxo ligands are particularly advantageous; hence, for example, the vanadium derivative [V(OCMe 2 CH 2 OMe) 3 ] is one of the most volatile metal alkoxides known to date. The first alkoxides of the alkaline earth metals calcium, strontium, and barium, which sublime without decomposition, have the formula [M 2 {OC(CH 2 O i Pr) 2 t Bu} 4 ]. This article presents a critical inventory of the metal alkoxides with particular regard to the aspect of volatility. It also describes successes of the donor functionalization concept and shows—in prespective—how alkoxo ligands can be “tailor made” for metals according to their charge‐to‐radius ratio by further development of the concept.
A nematode effector protein similar to annexins in host plants (2009)

Nematode parasitism genes encode secreted effector proteins that play a role in host infection. A homologue of the expressed Hg4F01 gene of the root-parasitic soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, encoding an annexin-like effector, was isolated in the related Heterodera schachtii to facilitate use of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model host. Hs4F01 and its protein product were exclusively expressed within the dorsal oesophageal gland secretory cell in the parasitic stages of H. schachtii. Hs4F01 had a 41% predicted amino acid sequence identity to the nex-1 annexin of C. elegans and 33% identity to annexin-1 (annAt1) of Arabidopsis, it contained four conserved domains typical of the annexin family of calcium and phospholipid binding proteins, and it had a predicted signal peptide for secretion that was present in nematode annexins of only Heterodera spp. Constitutive expression of Hs4F01 in wild-type Arabidopsis promoted hyper-susceptibility to H. schachtii infection. Complementation of an AnnAt1 mutant by constitutive expression of Hs4F01 reverted mutant sensitivity to 75 mM NaCl, suggesting a similar function of the Hs4F01 annexin-like effector in the stress response by plant cells. Yeast two-hybrid assays confirmed a specific interaction between Hs4F01 and an Arabidopsis oxidoreductase member of the 2OG-Fe(II) oxygenase family, a type of plant enzyme demonstrated to promote susceptibility to oomycete pathogens. RNA interference assays that expressed double-stranded RNA complementary to Hs4F01 in transgenic Arabidopsis specifically decreased parasitic nematode Hs4F01 transcript levels and significantly reduced nematode infection levels. The combined data suggest that nematode secretion of an Hs4F01 annexin-like effector into host root cells may mimic plant annexin function during the parasitic interaction.
A hierarchical latent variable model for data visualization (1998)

Visualization has proven to be a powerful and widely-applicable tool for the analysis and interpretation of multivariate data. Most visualization algorithms aim to find a projection from the data space down to a two-dimensional visualization space. However, for complex data sets living in a high-dimensional space, it is unlikely that a single two-dimensional projection can reveal all of the interesting structure. We therefore introduce a hierarchical visualization algorithm which allows the complete data set to be visualized at the top level, with clusters and subclusters of data points visualized at deeper levels. The algorithm is based on a hierarchical mixture of latent variable models, whose parameters are estimated using the expectation-maximization algorithm. We demonstrate the principle of the approach on a toy data set, and we then apply the algorithm to the visualization of a synthetic data set in 12 dimensions obtained from a simulation of multiphase flows in oil pipelines, and to data in 36 dimensions derived from satellite images.
Bayesian Nonparametric Instrumental Variable Regression Approach to Quantile Inference (2016)

This study extends the Bayesian nonparametric instrumental variable regression model to determine the structural effects of covariates on the conditional quantile of the response variable. The error distribution is nonparametrically modelled using a Dirichlet mixture of bivariate normal distributions. The mean functions include the smooth effects of the covariates represented using the spline functions in an additive manner. The conditional variance of the second-stage error is also modelled using the spline functions such that it varies smoothly with the covariates. Accordingly, the proposed model allows for considerable flexibility in the shape of the quantile function while correcting for an endogeneity effect. The posterior inference for the proposed model is based on the Markov chain Monte Carlo method that requires no Metropolis-Hastings update. The approach is demonstrated using simulated and real data on the death rate in Japan during the inter-war period.
Target-Localized Nanograting-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Detection toward Label-free Molecular Biosensing (2010)

We explore the sensitivity enhancement of label-free detection based on localized surface plasmon resonance using surface-relief nanograting structures. A nanograting structure was modeled, so that target molecular interactions are localized in hot spots of the near fields. The nanograting structure was optimized numerically for the highest enhancement of sensitivity with hybridization between complementary strands of DNA as the model target interaction. Experimentally, angled evaporation was performed to fabricate the target-localized nanograting samples. Measured data confirm the numerical results that sensitivity enhancement by an order of magnitude may be feasible on a per-unit-volume basis through target localization.
Multiple intracranial aneurysms due to Coccidioides immitis infection (1987)

True mycotic (fungal) aneurysms are distinctly uncommon. The case of a young woman with multiple intracranial aneurysms of Coccidioides immitis origin is presented. Coccidioides immitis organisms are not uncommon central nervous system pathogens and usually cause basilar meningitis and hydrocephalus. There are no previous reports of a coccidioidal mycotic aneurysm. The management of intracranial coccidioidomycosis and fungal aneurysms is reviewed.
Advances in Truck Scheduling at a Cross Dock Facility (2013)

In this paper the authors deal with the scheduling of inbound and outbound trucks to the available inbound and outbound doors at a cross dock facility. They assume that all trucks served at the facility need to meet several deadlines for deliveries and pick-ups and thus request a departure time window from the facility, penalizing the facility operator, on a unit of time basis, if that deadline is not met. To solve the resulting problem with reasonable computational effort, a memetic algorithm is developed and a number of computational examples show the efficiency of the proposed solution algorithm and the advantages of scheduling inbound and outbound trucks simultaneously, as opposed to sequentially.
Marine Soft Corals of the Genus Pseudopterogorgia: A Resource for Novel Anti-inflammatory Diterpenoids (1987)

This paper is a brief review of the diterpenoid chemistry of gorgonian corals of the genus Pseudopterogorgia. Previously described compounds and several new diterpenoids are presented in the context of their potential utilization in the development of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs.
SHARING THE UHF BETWEEN SPACE AND TERRESTRIAL SERVICES (1970)

The UHF is the choice portion of the spectrum for these satellite relay services from the standpoints of both the satellite relay performance and the total systems costs (the latter being dominated by the total costs of the many small earth terminals). It appears to be entirely feasible for the UHF to provide double duty with its complete sharing reuse for the new highest quality space services, without hindering the current terrestrial services or limiting their future development. The most difficult case of the sharing between the two types of TV broadcast service was examined in detail, and although there are many unknowns remaining, it appears that sharing will be feasible with adequate margins using earth terminals with as small receiving antennas as 1-sqm effective area.
In Vivo Bone Tissue Formation Induced by Caclium Phosphate Paste Composite with Demineralized Bone Matrix (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Physsicochemical Aspects of Microemulsion Flooding (1974)

Abstract Whenever water, an oil, and a surfactant equilibrate at concentrations of surfactant in excess of critical micelle concentrations, one or more microemulsions form.. In view of this, all surfactant flooding processes may involve microemulsions in situ. Ternary diagrams have been constructed for three specific microemulsion systems showing The effects of salinity and cosurfactant on phase behavior, viscosity, resistivity, optical birefringence, and interfacial tension. Using these data, micellar structure maps were prepared for the single-phase region. In this connection, Winsor's concept of intermicellar equilibrium was found consistent with microemulsion systems of interest for tertiary oil recovery. Experimental techniques are described for minimizing the extent of the multiphase region and measuring the low interfacial tensions that obtain there. Introduction GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS It is sometimes difficult to sort out the multiplicity of terminology concerning various kinds of micellar solutions and the structural states in which they exist. For example, Schulman introduced the term "micro emulsion." Winsor objects on the grounds that all emulsions are unstable and a microemulsion must be some kind of an emulsion. Tosch et al. use the phrase "micelle-containing solutions," whereas Shinoda and Kunieda prefer "swollen micellar solution." Nevertheless, the term microemulsion is convenient, is in common use, and it is only necessary to understand precisely what is meant by the term. In this paper a microemulsion is defined to be a stable, translucent micellar-solution of oil, water that may contain electrolytes, and one or more amphiphilic compounds (surfactants, alcohols, etc.). It should be noted that according to this definition a microemulsion is not an emulsion. A microemulsion may have distinct internal and external phases, but in many cases there is no identifiable external phase. phase. Since a microemulsion has at least three components -- oil, water, and surfactant - the compositional state of the system must be specified with at least three numbers. It is therefore convenient and instructive to employ a ternary representation as shown in Fig. 1. The simple situation will involve three pure components, and the multiphase region will be bounded by a continuous binodal curve. Everywhere above the binodal curve a single phase exists that undergoes transitions among various structural states as the compositional point moves about the diagram. These transitions may be gradual, reflecting an equilibrium in which there is significant coexistence of different micellar configurations, as proposed by Winsor. proposed by Winsor. In the multiphase region, the most simple, three-component system involves only two phases throughout; one is oil-external and the other water-external. SPEJ P. 491
Streptomyces albus G Mutants Defective in the SalGI Restriction-Modification System (1980)

Streptomyces albus G mutants (at least 12 of which were independent) defective in SalGI-mediated restriction (R-) were isolated after mutagenesis. Some of them lacked detectable SalGI activity in cell-free extracts. Some were also partially or completely defective in SalFI-associated modification (M-). Loss of restriction rendered S. albus G sensitive to many phages to which it was normally totally resistant. DNA from one such phage had many SalGI target sites (mean, one site per 1.35 kilobases). A mutant was isolated which was heat-sensitive for growth, apparently because it was restriction-proficient but temperature-sensitive for modification. At a rather high frequency, this mutant generated spontaneous heat-tolerant derivatives which were nearly all R-. Such R- mutants were always M- rather than being temperature-sensitive for modification. In a limited genetic analysis, the determinants of restriction and modification did not recombine with each other, and since there was no reassortment of these phenotypes among the parental output of crosses it appeared that the determinants were located close together on the chromosome.
Automatic Fusion of SAR and Optical Imagery based on Line Features (2008)

A generic image processing chain for the fusion of very high resolution optical and SAR imagery is developed. It is fast to operate and provides reasonably good accuracy. This method is capable of rapidly registering optical and SAR images based on extracted features rather than on pixels. Indeed, at very high resolution, pixel approaches fail on above ground structures. An approach on a higher semantic level is required. The fusion is generally applicable to many kinds of remote sensing imagery due to it being generic. Its goal is to enable feature based registration of unrectified optical and SAR images with sub metric resolution in urban areas. Important aspects of this fusion approach are the very high resolution of the images, the introduction of a classification, rapid processing and the modular construction of the entire processing chain based on the open source software library ORFEO Toolbox (OTB) 1 . 1 See the OTB webpage http://otb.cnes.fr