gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quality assurance of computer controlled hot‐tool welding for mass production (1991)

Abstract The hot‐tool welding process is commonly used for welding plastics, but high seam quality can be obtained only by optimizing weld parameters. Because of demand for better quality, the importance of quality control is increasing. At present, quality control is mainly performed by inspecting the end product, resulting in high scrap rates. An effective quality control system must therefore be able to recognize errors as they occur during the manufacturing process. For this, an FMEA (Failure Mode Effect Analysis) should be performed prior to mass production, and statistical quality control should be implemented during and after the process. This paper describes a quality control system for computer controlled hot‐tool welding that is based on an understanding of the physics of the process.
The Catharanthus Alkaloids:Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology (2004)

The Catharanthus (or Vinca) alkaloids comprise a group of about 130 terpenoid indole alkaloids. Vinblastine is now marketed for more than 40 years as an anticancer drug and became a true lead compound for drug development. Due to the pharmaceutical importance and the low content in the plant of vinblastine and the related alkaloid vincristine, Catharanthus roseus became one of the best-studied medicinal plants. Consequently it developed as a model system for biotechnological studies on plant secondary metabolism. The aim of this review is to acquaint a broader audience with the recent progress in this research and with its exciting perspectives. The pharmacognostical aspects of the Catharanthus alkaloids cover botanical (including some historical), phytochemical and analytical data. An up-to-date view on the biosynthesis of the alkaloids is given. The pharmacological aspects of these alkaloids and their semi-synthetic derivatives are only discussed briefly. The biotechnological part focuses on alternative production systems for these alkaloids, for example by in vitro culture of C. roseus cells. Subsequently it will be discussed to what extent the alkaloid biosynthetic pathway can be manipulated genetically ("metabolic engineering"), aiming at higher production levels of the alkaloids. Another approach is to produce the alkaloids (or their precursors) in other organisms such as yeast. Despite the availability of only a limited number of biosynthetic genes, the research on C. roseus has already led to a broad scientific spin-off. It is clear that many interesting results can be expected when more genes become available.
A point-based method for animating incompressible flow (2009)

In this paper, we present a point-based method for animating incompressible flow. The advection term is handled by moving the sample points through the flow in a Lagrangian fashion. However, unlike most previous approaches, the pressure term is handled by performing a projection onto a divergence-free field. To perform the pressure projection, we compute a Voronoi diagram with the sample points as input. Borrowing from Finite Volume Methods, we then invoke the divergence theorem and ensure that each Voronoi cell is divergence free. To handle complex boundary conditions, Voronoi cells are clipped against obstacle boundaries and free surfaces. The method is stable, flexible and combines many of the desirable features of point-based and grid-based methods. We demonstrate our approach on several examples of splashing and streaming liquid and swirling smoke.
Experience with a wireless network testbed based on signal propagation emulation (2010)

The evaluation of wireless research is challenging because signals traveling through the ether are affected by the physical environment, including movement by people and objects. As a result, testbed experiments are hard to control and are non-repeatable. We have developed a wireless networking testbed based on digital signal propagation emulation that provides control over the signal propagation environment. The testbed has been in regular use for research and education since early 2007. In this paper we present measurements illustrating the properties of the emulator testbed. We also compare the results of various experiments on the emulator with simulation results to shed some light on when the increased accuracy of the emulator testbed is important. Finally, we use the experience gained on the emulator to identify classes of experiments for which the emulator is well suited, compared with other evaluation platforms.
Some Effects of Amines on Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate Antiwear Performance as Measured in 4-Ball Wear Tests (1981)

Adverse interactions of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDPs) with other required additives in an engine oil is one factor contributing to the high phosphorus content of some engine oils. Sine phosphorus poisons exhaust gas emission catalysts, ways to reduce the adverse interactions are being sought. The ZDP-amine interaction was investigated as a model of such an interaction. Above a critical concentration, amines can cancel the antiwear performance of ZDPs as measured in a 4-ball machine. At amine concentrations below the critical value, a synergistic antiwear effect was observed at higher loads. The tolerance of different ZDPs to the presence of amines was the same as the ranking of the ZDPs in terms of antiwear performance. A mechanism for the antiwear action of ZDPs involving the formation of an acid phosphate decomposition product has been proposed.
A Design Method for Sampled-Data Control Systems Based upon Partial Knowledge about Controlled Processes (1979)

A design method will be useful if it calls for a minimum amount of knowledge about the controlled process, since identification of the state equation is not an easy task especially in the field of process control. The author previously developed a method for the continuous-time case which involves only a limited number of the controlled process parameters corresponding to the number of the controller parameters. In this paper the method is applied to sampled-data control systems.The controlled process is usually time-continuous even in a sampled-data control system. Thus, the system is working on the continuous-time basis. Here, sampled-data control systems are approximated into continuous-time ones, and the previously developed method is employed to give the design formulas.The control system to be designed is to meet the following specifications:(C1) It has zero steady-state error.(C2) It has adequate damping characteristics.(C3) It has the shortest rise-time on satisfying (C1) and (C2).The design formula gives rise to a sampled-data system which approaches to a continuous-time one with an increasing response speed but without changing its damping characteristics as the sampling period reduces to zero. Zero sampling period reduces the formulas to the previously obtained ones for the continuous-time systems.Formulas for the PID and the I-PD control schemes are derived according to the method. Some designed samples are demonstrated in step response curves, which show effectiveness of the method. The sampling period T is assumed in advance to be less than half the rise-time of the controlled process, otherwise a system with T=0, that is, a continuous-time system will result because of the specification (C3) above.
Identity Management and Data Sharing in the European Union (2006)

Citizens and enterprises in the European Union benefit from a common internal market and other freedoms. The resulting and growing mobility and cross-border collaboration necessity leads to specific challenges for e-Government applications. This article presents the results of a study run by Luxembourg’s Presidency of the EU during the first half of 2005. This study investigated one central aspect in this area: How do countries identify their citizens and businesses, and what are their national provisions regarding data protection and privacy that limit and regulate the sharing of such data? In more technical terms: What is the impact of identity management and related privacy issues on the interoperability of e-Government systems? The status quo in 18 member states is illustrated, and compared with the results of a similar study run in 2001. We present a general model for describing the framework of identity management in cross-border contexts.
Macromol. Biosci. 9/2016 (2016)

Front Cover: A series of novel amino acid based dual-responsive hydrogels were prepared by crosslinking of pH-responsive anionic pseudo-peptides with disulfide-containing L-cystine derivatives. With high loading efficiency, rapid but complete triggered-release, and good biocompatibility, these hydrogels are promising candidates for oral delivery. Further details can be found in the article by Shiqi Wang, Xiaoxue Liu, Ignacio J. Villar-Garcia, Rongjun Chenon page 1258. The cover image was designed by Ms. Mingjin Lin at the Royal College of Art.
The costimulatory activity of the CD26 antigen requires dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzymatic activity. (1993)

T cells have been shown to express CD26, a known ectoenzyme with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV; EC 3.4.14.5) activity in its extracellular domain. CD26 can also deliver a second costimulatory signal and contribute to T-cell activation. In an earlier study, we established CD26-transfected Jurkat T-cell lines and demonstrated that monoclonal antibody-mediated crosslinking of CD26 and CD3 induced interleukin 2 (IL-2) production. To determine the contribution of DPPIV enzymatic activity to the costimulatory activity of CD26, human CD26 cDNA was mutated so that active-site serine was replaced by alanine. The mutant CD26 antigen lacked DPPIV enzyme activity but still retained reactivity with three anti-CD26 monoclonal antibodies directed against distinct epitopes of CD26. After stimulation with a combination of anti-CD26 and anti-CD3 antibodies, wild-type CD26 (DPPIV+)-transfected Jurkat cells produced substantially more IL-2 than did mutant CD26 (DPPIV-) or CD26- control transfectants. Nevertheless, the mutant CD26-transfected cells still produced significantly more IL-2 than did CD26- control transfectants. These results suggest that DPPIV activity plays an important but not absolute role in the co-stimulatory activity of CD26 in this system. We also found that wild-type CD26 (DPPIV+) transfectants produced more IL-2 than mutant CD26 (DPPIV-)-transfected cells or CD26- control transfectants when triggered by stimuli not involving CD26, such as anti-CD3 and phorbol ester. These results suggest that the DPPIV activity of CD26 functions to augment the cellular responses of CD26-transfected Jurkat cells to external stimuli mediated by CD26 and/or the CD3/T-cell receptor complex, thus enhancing IL-2 production.
Slider air bearing designs for load/unload applications (1999)

Dynamic load/unload (L/UL) has been widely used in portable drives, and it shows great potential in future high performance drives for avoiding slider-disk wear and stiction. Most current sliders are designed for contact-start-stop, and are not suitable for L/UL. In this paper, a previously introduced L/UL model for numerical simulation is improved. Four basic designs of air bearing surfaces with sub-ambient pressure cavities are presented, and their L/UL processes are simulated. We find that the ABS design significantly affects the L/UL performance. Two designs show very good unload performance, and the other two do not. We introduce a new slider, which meets all design and fabrication requirements, that has been designed specifically for L/UL. Further ways to improve its load performance are also discussed.
Cold Preservation of Rat Pancreatic Islets Just Above the Freezing Point Using University of Wisconsin Solution (2001)

Islet preservation at -0.6 degrees C using UW solution is more advantageous for short term.
Molecular cloning, tissue distribution and androgen regulation of rat protein C inhibitor (1998)

Protein C inhibitor (PCI) is the plasma serine protease inhibitor of activated protein C, the active enzyme of the anticoagulant protein C pathway. Recently, PCI was also detected in human seminal plasma and reproductive organs (testis, seminal vesicle and prostate) suggesting that PCI may also play an important role in the reproductive system. In this study, we cloned the full length of rat PCI cDNA, and determined its amino acid sequence and tissue distribution. We also evaluated the effect of androgen on PCI mRNA expression in seminal vesicles and testes. The isolated 2074-bp rat PCI cDNA was composed of a 47-bp 5'-non-coding region, a 1218-bp coding region of a 406-amino acid precursor protein, a stop codon and a 806-bp 3'-non-coding region. The deduced amino acid sequence of rat PCI showed 85.7%, 64.1% and 62.2% homology with that of mouse, rhesus monkey and human PCIs, respectively. Northern blot analysis showed that the rat PCI mRNA is expressed strongly in the seminal vesicle, moderately in the testis, but not in the liver. PCI mRNA expression in seminal vesicles and testes was found to increase during the process of development, suggesting that it is under androgen control. Subsequently, we examined the effect of castration and/or treatment with 17beta-estradiol or testosterone on PCI mRNA expression in the mature rat seminal vesicles. The PCI mRNA expression in seminal vesicles was significantly decreased after castration or 17beta-estradiol treatment. Testosterone itself did not affect PCI mRNA expression, but treatment in castrated rats significantly enhanced its mRNA expression. These findings suggest that the PCI gene expression in rat seminal vesicles is regulated by androgen.
A two-level two-way partitioning algorithm (2002)

A two-way partitioning algorithm is presented which significantly improves on the highly unstable results from the traditional Kernighan-Lin based algorithms. The algorithm groups strongly connected components into clusters, and rearranges the clusters into two final subsets with specified sizes. It is known that the grouping operations reduce the complexity and thus improve the results of partitioning very large circuits. However, if the grouping is inappropriate, the partitioning results may degenerate. To prevent degeneration, the authors use a ratio cut approach to do the grouping. By a series of experiments based on the tradeoff between cut capacity and CPU time, the authors determine an optimal value to control the resultant number of groups. Good experimental results have been observed in terms of cut capacity and CPU time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 915 MHz/2.45 GHz ECR plasma source for large area ion beam and plasma processing (1990)

The technology for producing uniform, high density (1011–1012/cm3) microwave discharges over cross sections of 50 cm2 is well established. The present challenge is to extend the high density, and electrodeless benefits of microwave discharges to produce uniform densities over an area of 300–700 cm2. Such discharges have important applications for 6 to 8-in. single wafer processing and as large surface, broad beam, high current density ion sources. The design principles for scaling the 18 cm diam MPDR ECR cavity applicator technology to 38–47 cm diam are reviewed. Microwave discharges with diameters of 20–30 cm can be created when these applicators are excited with either 2.45 GHz or 915 MHz. The design and construction of a prototype cavity applicator with a 20 cm diam discharge is described. The discharge is enclosed with a 12-pole multicusp static magnetic field produced by 2-in. by 2-in. by 1-in. rare-earth magnets. Each magnet has a pole face field strength of 3 kG. The experimental test of this plasma source in argon gas excited with 2.45 GHz energy is reviewed.
Platelet Production in Myocardial Infarction and Sudden Cardiac Death (1984)

Megakaryocyte cytoplasmic volumes were studied in 13 subjects 18 +/- 2 days after admittance to the coronary care unit. Seven had suffered a myocardial infarction (MI group) while six had chest pain but no recent infarction. Megakaryocytes were also studied in 10 subjects suffering coronary sudden unexpected death (CSD group) and 11 subjects suffering sudden unexpected un-natural death. There was no significant difference between the megakaryocyte cytoplasmic volume distributions of the MI and CSD groups, although they had a significantly greater mean (p less than 0.01) and range (p less than 0.001) than their respective control groups. There was no significant difference in platelet volumes observed within 24 hr of the infarct and 18 +/- 2 days later. Mean platelet volume was significantly correlated (r = 0.89, p less than 0.006) to mean megakaryocyte cytoplasmic volume in the MI group. A computer simulation of platelet production showed no significant difference between platelet volumes observed in the MI group and those estimated to be circulating before death in the CSD group.
Identification of Substances Interfering with Illicit Drug Testing (1988)

Abstract : In response to intensified urine testing for illicit drugs, drug users have attempted to falsify results by several schemes including in vitro adulteration of specimens. Additives that were claimed to invalidate enzyme immunoassay (EIA) drug assays were investigated. An investigation was also undertaken to determine whether adulterated urines could be identified so they might be rejected. At the highest concentration evaluated, the adulterants (NaCl, Visine, Vestal medicated liquid handsoap, liquid Drano, liquid Cholorox bleach, Heinz vinegar, golden seal tea, and Real Lemon concentrated lemon juice) interfered with the drug assays differently. Keywords: Amphetamines, Barbiturates, Cocaine, Opiates, Marijuana, Theses.
High-purity Magnesium Coating on Magnesium Alloys by Vapor Deposition Technique for Improving Corrosion Resistance (2003)

Microstructures in coated magnesium alloy with high purity magnesium fabricated by applying a vacuum deposition technique were investigated. Moreover, relationships between microstructures in coated and un-coated magnesium alloys and corrosion behaviors were interpreted by in-situ laser microscopic observations during salt immersion tests. Magnesium with 3N-grade and AZ31 magnesium alloy were used for an evaporation source and a substrate for deposition. Temperature of the substrates was changed resulting in change in temperature profile in a furnace in order to optimize deposition coating conditions for obtaining homogeneous microstructures and thickness in deposited layer. The coated specimen revealed superior corrosion resistance to those on 3N–Mg, AZ31 and AZ91E alloys, and comparable to that on 6N–Mg in salt immersion tests using 3% NaCl solution at 300 K for 587 ks. In-situ observations showed that inhomogeneity in microstructures, such as second phases and grain boundary segregations, deteriorate corrosion resistance in magnesium alloys. Therefore, pure magnesium coated layer without inhomogeneity in metallographic and electrochemical meanings can improve the corrosion resistance on magnesium alloys.
Time and Location Analysis of Lesion Formation in Photocoagulation (1983)

Fourteen eyes from seven owl monkeys were used for study of the time and location within the retinal layers of the formation of the white reactions produced by photocoagulation with green (530.9 nm), yellow (568.2 nm), or red (647.1 nm) krypton wavelengths. Locations on the retina with equivalent conditions of absorbance were chosen. The white reaction formed in the first 100 ms of application. The depth at which the most damage occurred depended on the wavelength used. The final shape of the lesion depended on the location (in depth) of the white reaction first formed and on the power of the laser beam. The cauterizing power of the krypton yellow was evident.
DIMM-in-a-PACKAGE Memory Device Technology for Mobile Applications (2012)

A family of multi-die DRAM packages was developed that incorporate the full functionality of an SODIMM into a single package. Using a common ball assignment analogous to the edge connector of an SODIMM, a broad range of memory types and assembly structures are supported in this new package. In particular DDR3U, LPDDR3 and DDR4RS are all supported. The center-bonded DRAM use face-down wirebond assembly, while the peripherybonded LPDDR3 use the face-up configuration. Flip chip assembly as well as TSV stacked memory is also supported in this new technology. For the center-bonded devices (DDR3, DDR4 and LPDDR3 <TEX>${\times}16$</TEX> die) and for the face up wirebonded <TEX>${\times}32$</TEX> LPDDR3 devices, a simple manufacturing flow is used: all die are placed on the strip in a single machine insertion and are sourced from a single wafer. Wirebonding is also a single insertion operation: all die on a strip are wirebonded at the same time. Because the locations of the power signals is unchanged for these different types of memories, a single consolidated set of test hardware can be used for testing and burn-in for all three memory types.
The Nature of the Gallium−Gallium Triple Bond (1998)

To simulate and help interpret the nature of the newly synthesized Ga2R2Na2 molecule with bulky groups, ab initio and density functional quantum mechanical methods were applied to study the structures and bonding of the model [HGaGaH]2-, [H2GaGaH2]2-, and [H3CGaGaCH3]2- dianions, as well as the neutral Na2[H2GaGaH2], Na2[H3CGaGaCH3], Ga2H2, and Ga2H4 species. Basis sets of triple-ζ plus double polarization quality augmented with diffuse functions were employed. No general bond lengthbond order relationship is found. Bending from linearity of the acetylene analogues increases the GaGa separation more than the bond order is decreased. The GaGa bonding in the experimental molecule is concluded to be between triple and double in character despite the relatively long bond length.
Cytokines and the chronic inflammation of rheumatic disease. III. Deficient interleukin-2 production in rheumatoid arthritis is not due to suppressor mechanisms. (1987)

Despite the evidence for activated T cells in the joint in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there is evidence of deficient lymphocyte proliferation to a variety of stimulants. We investigated the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. We show that in the peripheral blood IL-2 production was similar in RA and controls (3.7 vs 3.0 U/ml, respectively). However, blood lymphocytes from patients with joint effusions produced significantly less IL-2 than from patients without effusions (1.8 vs 5.7 U/ml, respectively). The amount of IL-2 produced by synovial fluids (SF) cells was significantly less than that produced by the corresponding blood cells (1.0 vs 1.6 U/ml). Further experiments revealed that the decreased IL-2 production was not due to its removal by IL-2 receptor positive cells in the SF and cell mixing experiments did not reveal any suppressor influences.
Divergence of gut permeability and mucosal immune gene expression in two gluten-associated conditions: celiac disease and gluten sensitivity (2011)

This study shows that the two gluten-associated disorders, CD and GS, are different clinical entities, and it contributes to the characterization of GS as a condition associated with prevalent gluten-induced activation of innate, rather than adaptive, immune responses in the absence of detectable changes in mucosal barrier function.