gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA methylation age estimation from human bone and teeth (2020)

Bones and teeth are valuable sources of information in forensic contexts. However, few studies have considered these tissues for DNA methylation (DNAm) analyses in age estimation. The main goal of the present study was to develop DNAm-based age prediction models (APMs) specific for bones and teeth. DNA samples from Portuguese individuals were evaluated through bisulphite Sanger sequencing and a multiplex SNaPshot assay to analyse relationships between DNAm and age. In bones our results allowed to build a final APM through Sanger sequencing with six CpGs at genes ELOVL2, EDARADD and MIR29B2C, explaining 92.5% of age variation, with a mean absolute deviation (MAD) from chronological age of 2.56 years. For teeth, we were unable to build a final multi-locus APM; the best FHL2 CpG4 age predictor explained 41.3% of age variance with a MAD of 11.35 years. The SNaPshot assay allowed to build two final dual-locus APMs with CpGs at FHL2 and KLF14 for bones, explaining 57.6% of age variation (MAD of 7.18 years), and with CpGs at ELOVL2 and KLF14 for teeth, explaining 76.4% of age variation (MAD of 7.07 years). Our study showed the usefulness of bone and tooth samples in evaluation of DNAm levels for age estimation purposes.
Folates and S-Adenosylmethionine for Major Depressive Disorder (2012)

Interest in nonpharmaceutical supplements for treating major depressive disorder (MDD) has increased signiﬁcantly, both among patients and among clinicians during the past decades. Despite the large array of antidepressants (ADs) available, many patients continue to experience relatively modest response and remission rates, in addition to a burden of side effects that can hinder treatment compliance and acceptability. In this article, we review the literature on folates and S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), 2 natural compounds linked in the 1-carbon cycle metabolic pathway, for which substantial evidence supports their involvement in mood disorders. Background information, efﬁcacy data, proposed mechanisms of action, and side effects are reviewed. Based on existing data, supplementation with SAMe, as well as with various formulations of folates, appears to be efficacious and well tolerated in reducing depressive symptoms. Compared with other forms of folates, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (L-methylfolate or 5-MTHF) may represent a preferable treatment option for MDD given its greater bioavailability in patients with a genetic polymorphism, and the lower risk of specific side effects associated with folic acid. Although further randomized controlled trials in this area appear warranted, SAMe and L-methylfolate may represent a useful addition to the AD armamentarium.
VULCANIZATION OF RUBBERS BY 1, 3-DIPOLAR ADDITION REACTION (1970)

各種のジニトリルオキシドによるEPDMの加硫について検討した. ジニトリルオキシドとしてテレフタロニトリルオキシド(TNO), 2,5-ジメチルテレフタロニトリルオキシド(DMNO), 2,3,5,6-テトラメチルテレフタロニトリルオキシド (TMNO), 2-クロロテレフタロニトリルオキシド(CNO)およびアントラセン-9,10-ジニトリルオキシドを使用し, 加硫速度ならびに加硫物の各種特性を比較した. 加硫速度はCNO>TNO>DMNO>TMNO>ANOの順であり, 橋かけ効率はTNOおよびDMNOについて約1, TMNOおよびANOについて約0.5であった. つぎに130°Cで加硫したゴムについて膨潤から求める加硫度が同じ場合, 100%引張応力はCNO, TNO>DMNO>ANO>TMNO>いおうまたはジクミルペルオキシド加硫物の順に低く, かたさについても同様であった. また引張応力の高いものほど, 切断時の伸びが小さく, 応力緩和しやすいことがわかった. カーボンブラック配合ゴムについても同様の傾向があった. これらの特異性は応力-伸張度曲線の解析および試料の縮みやすさなどから, 網目間鎖長分布に関係あると推察した. すなわち伸びきりやすい網目鎖の存在を推察した. また140°Cにおける応力緩和から, ジニトリルオキシドによる橋かけは熱に対して安定であることがわかった.
Detailed modified technique for safer harvesting and preparation of liver graft in the rat (1996)

Liver procurement and preparation for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in the rat is the first stage for beginners aiming to acquire mastery of this model. It requires extensive and precise dissection in which each detail must provide security for the procurement and perfection for the future graft. Many technical details, "tricks and secrets," remain known only by expert teams, so that the learning phase can be long or unsuccessful if a period in such a team is not possible. We describe this procedure in great detail, including many improvements to the original technique. Complete illustration is provided to enable an easier appreciation of what remains the critical first part of the most difficult transplant model to perform in the rat.
Mucoadhesive and Elastic Films Based on Blends of Chitosan and Hydroxyethylcellulose (2007)

Mucoadhesive polymeric films have been prepared based on blends of chitosan and hydroxyethylcellulose. The blends have been characterized by IR spectroscopy, DSC, WAXD, TGA, SEM, and mechanical testing. It is demonstrated that the mechanical properties of chitosan are improved significantly upon blending with hydroxyethylcellulose. An increase in hydroxyethylcellulose content in the blends makes the materials more elastic. The thermal treatment of the blends at 100 degrees C leads to partial cross-linking of the polymers and formation of water-insoluble but swellable materials. The adhesion of the films towards porcine buccal mucosa decreases with increasing hydroxyethylcellulose content in the blends.
An alternative approach to adaptive single pole auto-reclosing in high voltage transmission systems based on variable dead time control (2001)

This paper presents a new concept, based on variable dead time control, in adaptive single pole auto-reclosing (SPAR). The proposed scheme can give rise to a high rate of successful reclosing by adapting to variable dead times. The significance of this algorithm is that it uses the waveform patterns of the voltage transients following initial breaker opening. The performance of this proposed method is tested under a variety of fault locations on the Korean 765 kV system, and the outcome of the study clearly indicates that variable dead time auto-reclosing scheme can be used as an attractive and effective means of better management and operation of a high voltage transmission system.
E-cadherin, estrogens and cancer: is there a connection? (1994)

E-cadherin is a calcium-dependent, epithelial cell adhesion molecule. It has recently been implicated as a tumor suppressor. This review article contains a description of the structure, function, and regulation of E-cadherin and other members comprising the cadherin family. In particular, we discuss studies concerning the ability of estrogens to modulate E-cadherin levels in vivo. Finally, we consider the hypothesis that estrogens may promote breast, uterine and ovarian cancer by down-regulating E-cadherin levels in these tissues.
Towards bidirectional power line communication with Digital Load-Side Transmission (2016)

The unidirectional power line communication technology `Digital Load-Side Transmission' (DLT), which is typically used for controlling light sources in homes or small offices, has evolved into an official IEC standard [1]. However, the DLT methodology lacks a return channel enabling bidirectional communication. This paper presents a method to overcome the described limitation, proposing a system concept of receiver and transmitter for backward modulation in DLT systems that complies with the existing standard for DLT forward transmission [1]. The developed architectures of receiver and transmitter have been implemented and tested in a hardware realization using the results of [2]-[4]. Measurement results prove the feasibility of the derived bidirectional DLT system concept while the additional power consumed for backward transmission is kept within reasonable limits. Robustness of the proposed system is verified by recording the averaged `telegram error rate' (TER) for both, forward and backward transmission, when the system is connected to 230 VRMS, 50 Hz mains.
Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I in skeletal muscle and muscle cells. (2003)

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are potent regulators of muscle mass. Transgenic mice that over-express these proteins exhibit dramatically enlarged skeletal muscles. In contrast, malnutrition, critical illness, sepsis, and aging are all associated with a dramatic reduction in muscle mass and function. The circulating concentration of IGF-I and the expression of IGF-I in skeletal muscle are also reduced during catabolic states. Consequently, GH has been used clinically to increase lean body mass in patients with muscle wasting. Likewise, delivery of IGF-I specifically into muscle has been proposed as a genetic therapy for muscle disorders. A better understanding of the regulation of IGF-I expression in skeletal muscle and muscle cells is therefore of importance. Yet, our knowledge in this area has been limited by a lack of GH responsive muscle cells. In addition the IGF-I gene spans over 90 kb of genomic DNA and it exhibits a very complex regulatory pattern. This review will summarize our knowledge of the control of muscle mass by GH, IGF-I, anabolic steroids, exercise and other growth enhancing hormones. We will also highlight recent advances in the regulation of IGF-I and signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stats) by GH. A special emphasis will be placed on the interaction of IGF-I and proinflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscle and muscle cells.
Fundamental Limits of Distributed Caching in D2D Wireless Networks (2013)

We consider a wireless Device-to-Device (D2D) network where communication is restricted to be single-hop, users make arbitrary requests from a finite library of possible files and user devices cache information in the form of linear combinations of packets from the files in the library (coded caching). We consider the combined effect of coding in the caching and delivery phases, achieving "coded multicast gain", and of spatial reuse due to local short-range D2D communication. Somewhat counterintuitively, we show that the coded multicast gain and the spatial reuse gain do not cumulate, in terms of the throughput scaling laws. In particular, the spatial reuse gain shown in our previous work on uncoded random caching and the coded multicast gain shown in this paper yield the same scaling laws behavior, but no further scaling law gain can be achieved by using both coded caching and D2D spatial reuse.
Application of a pin photodiode as a low current electron detector with nonosecond time resolution (1975)

The application of a pin photodiode as a detector of electrons with energies above 100 keV is explored. Current densities down to 20 mu A cm-2 are detectable. The response time is shorter than 4 ns.
Noise robust classification of moving vehicles via micro-Doppler signatures (2013)

For robust classification of moving wheeled and tracked vehicles using returned micro-Doppler signals within short dwell time, the influence of receiver white noise and low spectrum resolution are encountered. In this paper, noise reduction and super-resolution are realized simultaneously via a redundant dictionary based l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm optimization method. Experiments based on the measured data are presented, including the analysis of noise reduction performance, and the evaluation of classification robustness for different signal-to-noise ratio cases. The experimental results are also compared with related methods.
Traffic studies of unbuffered Delta networks (1991)

This paper analyzes the performance of unbuffered Delta networks under a nonuniform (“hot-spot”) traffic pattern. Particular attention is paid to characterizing the overflow traffic of unsuccessfully transmitted packets. Analytic techniques are used to show that the overflow traffic from an unbuffered packet-switched Delta network is (fractionally) hotter than the offered load. Simulation techniques are used to extend this result to an unbuffered circuit-switched network with limited retrials. In addition, the distribution of the number of trials until a “cold” packet is successfully delivered is shown to have a decreasing hazard rate, which means that it becomes less and less likely with each successive trial that a packet is delivered successfully. The implications of these results for hierarchical networks, a class of networks for interconnecting a highly parallel, shared-memory multiprocessor computer system, are discussed.
Plant-microbe interactions and biological control (1998)

Diversity in soil-borne microbial communities - a tool for biological system management of root health biological control of fusarium wilts - towards development of commercial products use of sporidesmium sclerotivorum for biocontrol of sclerotial plant pathogens strategies for biological control of necrotrophic fungal foliar pathogens powdery mildews - recent advances toward integrated control biological control with trichoderma species biological control strategies for sclerotinia diseases biological control of postharvest disease biocontrol of postharvest diseases of temperate fruits - challenges and opportunities selection, characterization, and use of microbial antagonists of the control of fusarium dry rot of potatoes biological control of weeds using microorganisms formulating microorganisms for biological control of weeds control of cucumber mosaic virus using viral satellites enhancement of biological nitrogen fixation using strain-specific bacterial viruses for biological control of ineffective bradyrhizobium or rhizobium chitinolytic enzymes of fungi and their involvement in biocontrol of plant pathogens impact of liquid culture physiology, environment, and metabolites on biocontrol agent qualities - pseudomonas fluorescence 2-79 versus wheat take-all genetic analysis of selected antifungal metabolites produced by pseudomonas aureofaciens molecular probes and assays useful to identify plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria, and marked biocontrol agents genetic approaches for analysis and manipulation of rhizosphere colonization by bacterial biocontrol agents.
보문 : 남성복의 치수규격을 위한 하체부의 체형분류 (II) (1993)

Concept of the comfort and fitness becomes a major concern in the basic function of the ready-made clothes. This research was performed to classify and characterize Korean adult males anthropometrically. Sample size was 1290 subjects and their age range was from 19 to 54 years old. Sampling was carried out by the stratified sampling method. 75 variables in total were applied to classify the bodytypes. Data were analyzed by the multivariate method, especially factor and cluster analysis. The high factor loading items extracted by factor analysis were based to determine the variables of the cluster analysis for the similar bodytypes respectively. In the part of the lower body, 14 variables from the data were applied to classify the bodytypes of lower part by Ward`s minimum variance method. The group forming a cluster were subdivided into 5 sets by cross-tabulation extracted by the hierarchical cluster analysis. Type 3 and 4 in lower body were composed of the majority of 53.1% of the subjects. The Korean adult males had relatively well-balanced in lower body.
CDP‐diacylglycerol synthesis in rat liver mitochondria (1992)

CDP-diacylglycerol for polyglycerophosphatide biogenesis can be synthesized within rat liver mitochondria. This membrane-associated enzyme was predominantly located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. GTP had a significant effect in activating the microsomal CDP-diacylglycerol synthase, especially if the microsomes were preincubated with GTP in the presence of phosphatidic acid. This stimulatory effect of GTP on the microsomal enzyme was not detected in the mitochondrial fractions. The enzymes could be solubilized from the membrane fractions using CHAPS, and the detergent-soluble activity partially restored by addition of phospholipids. Mitochondrial and microsomal CDP-diacylglycerol synthase activity could be completely separated by anion-exchange column chromatography. The mitochondrial and microsomal CDP-diacylglycerol synthases appear to be two distinct enzymes with different localization and regulatory characteristics.
Increased SBPase activity improves photosynthesis and grain yield in wheat grown in greenhouse conditions (2017)

To meet the growing demand for food, substantial improvements in yields are needed. This is particularly the case for wheat, where global yield has stagnated in recent years. Increasing photosynthesis has been identified as a primary target to achieve yield improvements. To increase leaf photosynthesis in wheat, the level of the Calvin-Benson cycle enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-biphosphatase (SBPase) has been increased through transformation and expression of a <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> SBPase gene construct. Transgenic lines with increased SBPase protein levels and activity were grown under greenhouse conditions and showed enhanced leaf photosynthesis and increased total biomass and dry seed yield. This showed the potential of improving yield potential by increasing leaf photosynthesis in a crop species such as wheat. The results are discussed with regard to future strategies for further improvement of photosynthesis in wheat.This article is part of the themed issue 'Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement'.
Using epigenomics data to predict gene expression in lung cancer (2015)

By considering a comprehensive list of epigenomic and genomic features, we have constructed an accurate model to predict transcriptomic differential expression, exemplified in lung cancer.
Online exploration in least-squares policy iteration (2009)

One of the key problems in reinforcement learning is balancing exploration and exploitation. Another is learning and acting in large or even continuous Markov decision processes (MDPs), where compact function approximation has to be used. In this paper, we provide a practical solution to exploring large MDPs by integrating a powerful exploration technique, Rmax, into a state-of-the-art learning algorithm, least-squares policy iteration (LSPI). This approach combines the strengths of both methods, and has shown its effectiveness and superiority over LSPI with two other popular exploration rules in several benchmark problems.
Examination of hydroxyapatite filled 4‐META/MMA‐TBB adhesive bone cement in in vitro and in vivo environment (1997)

Bone response to hydroxyapatite (HA) fillers in the cured 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META)/methyl methacrylate (MMA)-tri-n-butyl borane (TBB) adhesive bone cement was examined mechanically and histologically. A two-component system, consisting of powder and liquid, was formulated. The liquid portion was 5% 4-META dissolved in MMA and TBB; the powder was composed of 50 wt% poly(MMA) (PMMA) and 50 wt% dense HA fillers. The results indicated that the tensile strength decreased with the increase of HA filler size. The bone-bonding behavior of the improved cement was examined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Seventy-two implants in six dogs for up to 24 weeks showed 4-META cement filled with HA was stable in the cement-bone interface. Histologic examinations showed that the exposed HA particles at the surface of the cured cement were generally associated with intimate attachment to bone without fibrous tissue, as well as interdigitation of cement to bone. The results suggest the importance of HA fillers in inducing bone apposition that improves cement binding to bone for long-term stability, thereby complementing rapid initial bone fixation of the cement. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 38: 11–16, 1997
CsgA is a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serotype Typhimurium that is recognized by Toll‐like receptor 2 (2005)

Knowledge about the origin and identity of the microbial products recognized by the innate immune system is important for understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We investigated the potential role of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium fimbriae as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that may stimulate innate pathways of inflammation. We screened a panel of 11 mutants, each carrying a deletion of a different fimbrial operon, for their enteropathogenicity using the calf model of human gastroenteritis. One mutant (csgBA) was attenuated in its ability to elicit fluid accumulation and GROalpha mRNA expression in bovine ligated ileal loops. The mechanism by which thin curled fimbriae encoded by the csg genes contribute to inflammation was further investigated using tissue culture. The S. Typhimurium csgBA mutant induced significantly less IL-8 production than the wild type in human macrophage-like cells. Purified thin curled fimbriae induced IL-8 expression in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells transfected with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/CD14 but not in cells transfected with TLR5, TLR4/MD2/CD14 or TLR11. Fusion proteins between the major fimbrial subunit of thin curled fimbriae (CsgA) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) elicited IL-8 production in HEK293 cells transfected with TLR2/CD14. Proteinase K treatment abrogated IL-8 production elicited in these cells by GST-CsgA, but not by synthetic lipoprotein. GST-CsgA elicited more IL-6 production than GST in bone marrow-derived macrophages from TLR2+/+ mice, while there was no difference in IL-6 secretion between GST-CsgA and GST in macrophages from TLR2-/- mice. These data suggested that CsgA is a PAMP that is recognized by TLR2.
Improvement of sequence coverage in peptide mass fingerprinting (2005)

Abstract In order to fully characterize and understand the biological significance of a protein (in a proteomics study), it needs to be characterized with respect to the presence of splice variants, isoforms, and posttranslational processing/modification. This requires full coverage of the protein sequence including that of minor variants of the protein. However, protein identification is often based on sequence coverages as low as 10–20%, and search for the remaining peptides is frequently like the search for the needle in the haystack . Here we present some approaches, which may be helpful for increasing the sequence coverage in proteomics studies.
Liquid-crystal-based terahertz tunable Lyot filter (2006)

A two-element tunable Lyot filter operating in the terahertz (THz) frequency range is demonstrated. The central bandpass frequency of the filter can be continuously tuned from 0.388to0.564THz (a fractional tuning range of 40%) using magnetically controlled birefringence in nematic liquid crystals. The transmission bandwidth is 0.1THz and the insertion loss of the present device is 8dB due to the scattering of LC molecules in the thick LC cells. This filter can be operated at room temperature.
Overview: an iPS cell stock at CiRA (2019)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be produced from various somatic cells and have the ability to differentiate into various cells and tissues of the body. Regenerative medicine using iPSCs is expected to manage diseases lacking effective treatments at present. We are establishing a safe and effective iPSC stock that can be used for regenerative medicine. Our iPSC stock is recruited from healthy, consenting HLA-type homozygous donors and is made with peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells or umbilical cord blood. We hope to minimize the influence of immune rejection by preparing HLA homozygous iPSCs. Our stock is made at the Cell Processing Center (CPC), Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA). We are preparing iPS cells that maximize matching of the Japanese population at the major HLA loci. This iPSC stock is intended to be offered not only to Japanese centers but also overseas medical institutions and companies. In August 2015, we began offering the iPSC stock for regenerative medicine and now offer 21 clones made from 5 donors.