gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small Scale Preparation and Clinical Use of Factor IX‐Prothrombin Complex (1973)

Abstract. A. procedure is described for the preparation of a concentrate of factors II, VII, IX and X, using a modification of the method of Bruning and Loelioer, involving aluminium hydroxide adsorption of ACD plasma followed by phosphate elution and dialysis. The concentrate produced had an average factor IX activity of 7.4 U/ml with a yield of 61% and a purification of 34.5. Clinical trials in patients with either a congenital deficiency of factor IX or liver disease showed that the concentrate was well tolerated and was an effective haemostatic agent. The average factor IX response was 1.09% for each U/kg injected, giving a recovery of 48%.
Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein Function and Expression by Kaempferol and Quercetin (2005)

The 170 kDa plasma membrane P-glycoprotein (Pgp) causes the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs from cells and is believed to be an important mechanism in multidrug resistance (MDR) in human cancer. This study demonstrates that some putative flavonoids, i.e., flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol) and isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) markedly increase the sensitivity of the multidrug-resistant human cervical carcinoma KB-V1 cells (high Pgp expression) to vinblastine and paclitaxel dose-dependently, and also decrease the relative resistance of these anti-cancer-drugs in KB-V1 cells. None of the flavonoids had a significant effect on vinblastine and paclitaxel cytotoxicity in wildtype drug-sensitive KB-3-1 cells (lacking Pgp). These flavonoids also caused an increase in intracellular accumulation, and reduced the efflux of Rh123 and 3[H]vinblastine in KB-V1 cells, but not in KB-3-1 cells. The flavonols increased the inhibitory effectiveness of Pgp activity in MDR KB-V1 cells more than isoflavones. Only treatment with flavonols up to 48 h was able to significantly decrease the Pgp expression in a dose-dependent manner in KB-V1 cells. These findings provide evidence that flavonols reduced Pgp expression and function resulting in the inhibition of Pgp activity, but isoflavones modulated intracellular drug levels by inhibiting Pgp function with no effect on Pgp expression. Among the flavonoids tested, flavonols, particularly kaempferol, exhibit the most potent MDR reversing property in KB-V1 cells.
Native ATM Support for ST2+ (1996)

As the demand for networked realtime services grows, so does the need for shared networks to provide deterministic delivery services. Such deterministic delivery services demand that both the source application and the network infrastructure have capabilities to request, setup, and enforce the delivery of the data. Collectively these services are referred to as bandwidth reservation and Quality of Service (QoS).
Overexpression of glutathione reductase in <i>Brassica juncea</i>: Effects on cadmium accumulation and tolerance (2000)

To determine the importance of glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) for heavy metal accumulation and tolerance, a bacterial GR was expressed in Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea L.), targeted to the cytosol or the plastids. GR activity in the cytosolic transgenics (cytGR) was about two times higher compared to wild‐type plants; in the plastidic transgenics (cpGR) the activity was up to 50 times higher. When treated with 100 μ M CdSO 4 , cytGR plants did not differ from wild type in cadmium tolerance or accumulation. CpGR plants, however, showed enhanced cadmium tolerance at the chloroplast level: in contrast to wild‐type plants they showed no chlorosis, and their chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F v /F m and photochemical quenching were higher. Cadmium tolerance at the whole‐plant level (plant growth) was not affected. The lower cadmium stress experienced by the cpGR chloroplasts may be the result of reduced cadmium uptake and/or translocation: cadmium levels in shoots of cpGR plants were half as high as those in wild‐type shoots. These differences in cadmium tolerance and accumulation may result from increased root glutathione levels, which were up to two times higher in cpGR plants than in the wild type.
In-pavement fiber Bragg grating sensors for weight-in-motion measurements (2016)

Estimation a traffic over the design period is one of the critical factors in pavement design. Weight-in-motion (WIM) sensors have become popular for weight measurements. A three-dimension glass fiber-reinforced polymer packaged fiber Bragg grating sensor (3D GFRP-FBG) is introduced for in-pavement WIM measurement at low speed. Sensitivity study shows that the sensor is very sensitive to the sensor installation depth and the loading position. The developed 3D GFRP-FBG sensor is applicable for most practical pavements and it also shows a very good long-term durability. Among the three components of the sensor, the longitudinal component has the highest sensitivity for WIM measurements. Field testing results indicated that the 3D GFRP-FBG sensor has a measurement accuracy of 90%, 79%, and 67% for longitudinal, transverse, and vertical components, respectively. Thus, it is recommended to use the longitudinal sensing unit if only one dimension of the sensor is to be further advanced for practice.
A Cell-Based Reporter Assay for Screening Inhibitors of MERS Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Activity (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are emerging zoonotic diseases caused by coronavirus (CoV) infections. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) has been suggested as a valuable target for antiviral therapeutics because the sequence homology of CoV RdRp is highly conserved. We established a cell-based reporter assay for MERS-CoV RdRp activity to test viral polymerase inhibitors. The cell-based reporter system was composed of the bicistronic reporter construct and the MERS-CoV nsp12 plasmid construct. Among the tested nine viral polymerase inhibitors, ribavirin, sofosbuvir, favipiravir, lamivudine, zidovudine, valacyclovir, vidarabine, dasabuvir, and remdesivir, only remdesivir exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition. Meanwhile, the Z-factor and Z'-factor of this assay for screening inhibitors of MERS-CoV RdRp activity were 0.778 and 0.782, respectively. Ribavirin and favipiravir did not inhibit the MERS-CoV RdRp activity, and non-nucleoside HCV RdRp inhibitor, dasabuvir, partially inhibited MERS-CoV RdRp activity. Taken together, the cell-based reporter assay for MERS-CoV RdRp activity confirmed remdesivir as a direct inhibitor of MERS-CoV RdRp in cells. A cell-based MERS-CoV RdRp activity reporter assay is reliable and accurate for screening MERS-CoV RdRp-specific inhibitors. It may provide a valuable platform for developing antiviral drugs for emerging CoV infections.
Improving complex sale cycles and performance by using machine learning and predictive analytics to understand the customer journey (2018)

Thesis: S.M. in Management of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2018.
Synthesis, cytotoxicity and antibacterial studies of symmetrically and non‐symmetrically benzyl‐ or <i>p</i>‐cyanobenzyl‐substituted <i>N</i>‐Heterocyclic carbene–silver complexes (2010)

Abstract From the reaction of 1H‐imidazole ( 1a ), 4,5‐dichloro‐1H‐imidazole ( 1b ) and 1H‐benzimidazole ( 1c ) with p ‐cyanobenzyl bromide ( 2 ), symmetrically substituted N ‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) [( 3a–c )] precursors, 1‐methylimidazole ( 5a ), 4,5‐dichloro‐1‐methylimidazole ( 5b ) and 1‐methylbenzimidazole ( 5c ) with benzyl bromide ( 6 ), non‐symmetrically substituted N ‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) [( 7a–c )] precursors were synthesized. These NHCprecursors were then reacted with silver(I) acetate to yield the NHC‐silver complexes [1,3‐bis(4‐cyanobenzyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene] silver(I) acetate ( 4a ), [4,5‐dichloro‐1,3‐bis(4‐cyanobenzyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene] silver(I) acetate ( 4b ), [1,3‐bis(4‐cyanobenzyl)benzimidazole‐2‐ylidene] silver(I) acetate ( 4c ), (1‐methyl‐3‐benzylimidazole‐2‐ylidene) silver(I) acetate ( 8a ), (4,5‐dichloro‐1‐methyl‐3‐benzylimidazole‐2‐ylidene) silver(I) acetate ( 8b ) and (1‐methyl‐3‐benzylbenzimidazole‐2‐ylidene) silver(I) acetate ( 8c ) respectively. The four NHC‐precursors 3a–c, 7c and four NHC–silver complexes 4a–c and 8c were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The preliminary antibacterial activity of all the compounds was studied against Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli , and Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus using the qualitative Kirby‐Bauer disc‐diffusion method. All NHC–silver complexes exhibited medium to high antibacterial activity with areas of clearance ranging from 4 to 12 mm at the highest amount used, while the NHC‐precursors showed significantly lower activity. In addition, all NHC–silver complexes underwent preliminary cytotoxicity tests on the human renal‐cancer cell line Caki‐1 and showed medium to high cytotoxicity with IC 50 values ranging from 53 ( ± 8) to 3.2 ( ± 0.6) µM. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On 4-Keto-3:4-Dihydroisocoumarin (1967)

Experiments to synthesise Perkin's 5:6-dimethoxy-4-keto-3 :4- dihydro<em>iso</em>coumarin have been described. 4-Keto-3:4-dihydro<em>iso</em>coumarin has been synthesised by an adaptation of Cutiaus, reaction and also by chromic acid oxidation of 3:4 dihydro<em>iso</em>coumarin. A number of condensation products of 4-Keto-3:4- dihydro<em>iso</em>coumarin with aromatic aldehydes including Zincke's aldehyde have also been described. The m-methoxybenzylidene derivative was converted into 6'-rnetbaxyindeno (2<em>'</em>:3<em>'</em>-.3:4)<em>iso</em>coumarin which represents a new ring system.
Chronic graft-versus-host disease in children: incidence, risk factors, and impact on outcome (2002)

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains the major cause of late morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, only a few studies specifically focused on children, and little information is available on the antileukemic effect of cGVHD and its impact on disease-free survival (DFS) in children. We retrospectively analyzed 696 children given allogeneic HSCT for malignant (n = 450) or nonmalignant (n = 246) diseases. The donor was an HLA-identical sibling in 461 cases and an alternative donor in 235. Bone marrow was the stem cell source in 647 cases, peripheral blood in 17, and cord blood (CB) in 32. cGVHD developed in 173 children (25%) at a median of 116 days after HSCT. Three-year cGVHD probability was 27%. In multivariate analysis, variables predicting cGVHD were donor and recipient age, grade II to IV acute GVHD, female donor for male recipient, diagnosis of malignancy, and use of total body irradiation; CB transplants had a very low risk of cGVHD (RR = 0.07, P = .0001). cGVHD occurrence increased transplant-related mortality (P &lt; .05). Nevertheless, in hematologic malignancies, patients with cGVHD had a reduced relapse probability compared with children without cGVHD (16% ± 3% versus 39% ± 3%, P = .0001) and a better DFS (68% ± 4% versus 54% ± 3%, P = .01). The antileukemic effect of cGVHD was observed mainly in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study provides novel data on cGVHD in childhood. Use of CB stem cells and preparative regimens without radiotherapy may prevent its development. In patients affected by ALL, cGVHD was associated with a strong graft-versus-leukemia effect, improving DFS. © 2002 by The American Society of Hematology.
Identifying query incompatibilities with evolving XML schemas (2009)

During the life cycle of an XML application, both schemas and queries may change from one version to another. Schema evolutions may affect query results and potentially the validity of produced data. Nowadays, a challenge is to assess and accommodate the impact of these changes in evolving XML applications. Such questions arise naturally in XML static analyzers. These analyzers often rely on decision procedures such as inclusion between XML schemas, query containment and satisfiability. However, existing decision procedures cannot be used directly in this context. The reason is that they are unable to distinguish information related to the evolution from information corresponding to bugs. This paper proposes a predicate language within a logical framework that can be used to make this distinction.
The storage location assignment and interleaving problem in an automated storage/retrieval system with shared storage (2008)

Storage location assignment and interleaving policy are two closely related problems in warehousing management. This paper addresses the location assignment and interleaving problem at the same time in an automated storage/retrieval system with duration-of-stay based shared storage policy. Based on the heuristics for single command operation, a two-step procedure is developed to solve the problem. A tabu search algorithm is proposed to improve the solution for medium and large sized problems. The computational results indicate that the tabu search algorithm is effective in finding high quality solutions, and efficient in solving large sized problems.
Modification of discrete nuclear domains induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early gene 1 product (ICP0) (1993)

The outcome of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection depends upon the interplay of both host and viral factors. During lytic infection, HSV-1 causes a loss of immunofluorescent staining of discrete nuclear domains (ND10). This elimination of the host's ND10 staining occurs under conditions that allow only HSV-1 immediate early viral gene expression. Western blot analysis indicates that the loss of ND10 staining is due to ND10 redistribution, rather than protein degradation or turnover. When deletion mutants of all of the HSV-1 immediate early genes were tested, only infection with an immediate early gene 1 product (ICP0) deletion mutant, d11403, was unable to eliminate ND10 antigen staining. Also, ICP0 transiently colocalized with ND10 antigens, after which ND10 antigens became undetectable. At late times during infection with d11403, the host ND10 antigens were retained in virus-induced structures which were never observed during wild-type HSV-1 infection. These results suggested that ICP0 may be directly involved in the modification of the host nuclear domain. Infection with an adenovirus recombinant that expressed ICP0 demonstrated that in the absence of other HSV-1 proteins ICP0 was sufficient for the change in nuclear distribution of host antigens located at ND10. We postulate that the trans-activation function of ICP0 during viral replication may be mediated by replacing, modifying or reorganizing nuclear host factors.
Device for simultaneous multiple-line mode locking of an argon-ion laser (1987)

An acousto-optic device that can simultaneously mode lock multiple lines of a laser source has been designed and demonstrated. The device is an intracavity acousto-optic modulator with an end mirror. Multiple argon-ion laser lines at 476.5, 488.0, 496.5, and 514.5 nm were simultaneously modulated by using this device. Pulse trains with pulses having a width of approximately 100 psec FWHM at a repetition of 130 MHz were obtained for each line.
Charge‐Specific Interactions in Segmented Conducting Polymers: An Approach to Selective Ionoresistive Responses (2004)

Charged with hopping: A conducting polymer containing electroactive segments interconnected by crown ether calix[4]arene units (see picture) exhibits dramatic changes in its conductivity in response to the binding of ions. There is over three orders of magnitude difference in conductivity between the incorporation of K+ and Ca2+ ions. The electrical conduction is best considered to be by a hopping mechanism. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z53896_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Javra: a simple, extensible Java package for VRML (2002)

Javra is a Java package for handling VRML scene graphs; it operates either stand-alone or in combination with a VRML browser. The combination of Javra and a VRML browser forms an effective start for generating 3D interactive applications. With Javra a VRML scene graph can be handled: both classes for VRML nodes and methods for setting and getting the fields of these nodes are supplied. Furthermore, VRML events generated, for instance, after a user action, can be caught and handled in Javra. The Javra node classes have an inheritance structure which allows strict compile time type checking of the construction of the scene graph. The programmer interface is intended to be simple enough to be used by students of an introductory programming course. The node classes are generated completely automatically, resulting in a robust package. The automatic code generation can also be used to create custom Java packages for programmer-defined VRML prototypes, effectively resulting in the extension of the set of Javra nodes.
Security Proof for the Improved Ryu-Yoon-Yoo Identity-Based Key Agreement Protocol. (2008)

Abstract. Key agreement protocols are essential for secure communications in open and distributed environments. The protocol design is, however, extremely error-prone as evidenced by the iterative process of fixing discovered attacks on published protocols. We revisit an efficient identity-based (ID-based) key agreement protocol due to Ryu, Yoon and Yoo. The protocol is highly efficient and suitable for real-world applications despite offering no resilience against key-compromise impersonation (K-CI). We then show that the protocol is, in fact, insecure against reflection attacks. A slight modification to the protocol is proposed, which results in significant benefits for the security of the protocol without compromising on its efficiency. Finally, we prove the improved protocol secure in a widely accepted model.
c-FLIPR, a New Regulator of Death Receptor-induced Apoptosis (2005)

c-FLIPs (c-FLICE inhibitory proteins) play an essential role in regulation of death receptor-induced apoptosis. Multiple splice variants of c-FLIP have been described on the mRNA level; so far only two of them, c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S,) had been found to be expressed at the protein level. In this report, we reveal the endogenous expression of a third isoform of c-FLIP. We demonstrate its presence in a number of T and B cell lines as well as in primary human T cells. We identified this isoform as c-FLIP(R), a death effector domain-only splice variant previously identified on the mRNA level. Impor-/tantly, c-FLIP(R) is recruited to the CD95 (Fas/APO-1) death-inducing signaling complex upon CD95 stimulation. Several properties of c-FLIP(R) are similar to c-FLIP(S): both isoforms have a short half-life, a similar pattern of expression during activation of primary human T cells, and are strongly induced in T cells upon CD3/CD28 costimulation. Taken together, our data demonstrate endogenous expression of c-FLIP(R) and similar roles of c-FLIP(R) and c-FLIP(S) isoforms in death receptor-mediated apoptosis.
Molecular Structure and Organization of the Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene (1994)

Human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is one of the major cellular defense enzymes that protects against toxic effects of superoxide radicals. Overexpression of human MnSOD has been shown to inhibit radiation-induced neoplastic transformation, suppress malignancy of cancer cells, and increase tolerance to various toxic agents. To elucidate the human MnSOD gene structure for identification of potential regulatory elements, we isolated five lambda clones from a normal human genomic DNA library and sequenced the largest clone containing the entire human MnSOD gene. The results demonstrated that human MnSOD is a single-copy gene consisting of five exons interrupted by four introns with typical splice junctions. A distinctive transcription initiation site was identified 74 bp upstream from the translation start site. This transcription initiation site is preceded by a G + C-rich (78%) promoter region containing a cluster of seven SP1 and three AP2 consensus sequences with no TATA box or CAAT box. The 3'-flanking region of the MnSOD gene contains one NF-kappa B consensus sequence. The presence of SP1, AP2, and NF-kappa B consensus sequences suggests that these potential regulatory elements may play a role in the regulation of human MnSOD gene expression.
Hierarchically Imprinted Porous Films for Rapid and Selective Detection of Explosives (2011)

On the basis of the combination of colloidal and mesophase templating, as well as molecular imprinting, a general and effective approach for the preparation of hierarchically structured trimodal porous silica films was developed. With this new methodology, controlled formation of well-defined pore structures not only on macro- and mesoscale but also on microscale can be achieved, affording a new class of hierarchical porous materials with molecular recognition capability. As a demonstration, TNT was chosen as template molecule and hierarchically imprinted porous films were successfully fabricated, which show excellent sensing properties in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and regeneracy. The pore system reported here combines the multiple benefits arising from all length scales of pore size and simultaneously possesses a series of distinct properties such as high pore volume, large surface area, molecular selectivity, and rapid mass transport. Therefore, our described strategy and the resulting pore systems should hold great promise for various applications not only in chemical sensors, but also in catalysis, separation, adsorption, or electrode materials.
Evolocumab’s Long-Term Mortality Risk Unclear Due to Shortened Follow-Up of FOURIER (2021)

The FOURIER (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with PCSK9 inhibition in Subjects with Elevated Risk) trial was conducted to study cardiovascular outcomes of treatment with evolocumab. The trial was terminated after a median follow-up of 2.2 years instead of the planned 3.6 years. We question this decision. According to the investigators, the event rate was 50% higher than expected. However, the accrued number of key secondary events (1829) was only 12% higher than the targeted number (1630). Also, around one-third of the events consisted of non-atherosclerotic myocardial infarctions, hemorrhagic strokes, and cardiovascular deaths unrelated to myocardial infarction or stroke. Moreover, halfway through the trial, the sample size changed from 22,500 to 27,500, even though the accrual of the targeted number of events was on track. Finally, the rate of all-cause mortality had started to diverge in favor of placebo after 2 years of follow-up. It was 4.8% for evolocumab and 4.3% for placebo in participants with > 2.5 years of follow-up. A long-term follow-up would have yielded more events and thus more power to evaluate the effect of evolocumab on all-cause mortality. We conclude that adaptive designs carry a recognized risk of false-positive efficacy results, but the risk of false-negative safety results is underappreciated.
Buck-boost converter controlled by hysteretic PWM method with input voltage feedforward (2011)

This paper proposed a new control method employing a hysteretic PWM controller with an input voltage feedforward for the boost and buck boost converters without using a current mode control. A triangular and hysteretic window voltages to generate the switching pulse signal are obtained in the comparator circuit by adding two resistors and an RC integral network. The feedforward signal from the input voltage is fed to the comparator circuit through a simple RC differentiator. As a result, the proposed control method provided excellent dynamic performances for the changes of the load current and input voltage.