gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a 40 dBi planar bifocal lens for mechanical beam steering at Ka-band (2016)

A new design of planar lenses for mechanical beam steering at Ka-band is presented, which enables achieving simultaneously wide scanning coverage (40 degrees) with high directivity (40 dBi) and low beam distortion (side lobe level below -15 dB and scan loss better than -2.4 dB). The steering mechanism based on in-plane lens translation/rotation has been demonstrated in a previous 30 dBi antenna prototype at 30 GHz. We showed that aberrations, caused by the in-plane lens translation, become more significant with the increase of the lens size. Hence, the presented 30 dBi lens solution cannot be simply scaled to achieve the aimed 40 dBi directivity (a common specification for satellite communications at Ka-Band). Using a PO/GO approach, implemented in CST Microwave Studio®, we prove that the proposed bifocal design outperforms conventional unifocal phase correction.
The serotonin transporter intronic VNTR enhancer correlated with a predisposition to affective disorders has distinct regulatory elements within the domain based on the primary DNA sequence of the repeat unit (2003)

We have demonstrated that a variable number tandem repeat domain (VNTR) within intron 2 of the serotonin transporter gene is a transcriptional regulatory domain which is potentially correlated with a predisposition to affective disorders and other behavioural conditions. This correlation based on copy number of the VNTR alone (nine, 10 or 12 copies of 16/17 base-pair element) has been controversial and not reproduced in all studies. We demonstrate that individual repeat elements within the VNTR domain differ in their enhancer activity in an embryonic stem cell model. This has implications for both the mechanism by which these VNTRs are correlated with the progression of the disease and suggests that clinical analysis should now be extended to correlate sequence variation within the VNTR with the disorder. The latter may resolve some of the conflicting data published to date.
A 500V/25A half-bridge IC with on-chip control logic (1985)

This paper will describe a 500V junction-isolated BiMOS tecnology developed to produce a 500V/25A half bridge for power control. System architecture aspects and performance driving capacitive, resistive and inductive loads (dV/dt > 300V/μs and (di/dt ∼ 200A/μs) will be discussed.
A self-controllable voltage level (svl) circuit and its low-power high-speed cmos circuit applications (2003)

A self-controllable voltage level (SVL) circuit which can supply a maximum dc voltage to an active-load circuit on request or can decrease the dc voltage supplied to a load circuit in standby mode was developed. This SVL circuit can drastically reduce standby leakage power of CMOS logic circuits with minimal overheads in terms of chip area and speed. Furthermore, it can also be applied to memories and registers, because such circuits fitted with SVL circuits can retain data even in the standby mode. The standby power of an 8-bit 0.13-μm CMOS ripple carry adder (RCA) with an on-chip SVL circuit is 8.2 nW, namely, 4.0% of that of an equivalent conventional adder, while the output signal delay is 786 ps, namely, only 2.3% longer than that of the equivalent conventional adder. Moreover, the standby power of a 512-bit memory cell array incorporating an SVL circuit for a 0.13-μm 512-bit SRAM is 69.1 nW, which is 3.9% of that of an equivalent conventional memory-cell array. The read-access time of this 0.13-μm SRAM is 285 ps, that is, only 2 ps slower than that of the equivalent SRAM.
Coordinate Transformations Via Multifacet Holographic Optical Elements (1983)

Arbitrarily prescribed space variant operations can be carried out with high efficiency by multifacet holographic optical elements recorded in dichromated gelatin. In this paper, such elements are used to perform coordinate transformations from Cartesian to polar coordinates. Theoretical calculations of resolution limits and experimental results are given.
THE OXIDATION AND DISSOLUTION OF ARSENIC-BEARING SULFIDES (2009)

We provide a comprehensive review of research conducted on the dissolution–oxidation of As-bearing sulfides including arsenopyrite, orpiment, realgar, tennantite, and the amorphous forms of As2S3 and AsS. In general, a rise in pH and the presence of Fe3+ or bacteria (or both) cause the oxidation rates of As-bearing sulfides to increase, except for arsenopyrite. Whereas oxidation of arsenopyrite by dissolved oxygen (DO) does not have significant dependence on pH, it appears to be accelerated with increasing DO. At the surface of arsenopyrite, reaction with oxygen even in ultra-high vacuum results in the formation of As species from As to As5+. The reaction of tennantite in aqueous solution at basic pH (pH 10–11) results in the formation of copper oxide–hydroxide and arsenic hydroxide, whereas in acidic solutions, the formation of elemental sulfur or arsenic oxide is observed. At high concentrations of bicarbonate and carbonate, As can be released from Fe oxyhydroxide surfaces back to the solution because of surface charge, or may also act as a competitor for both As5+ and As3+ during sorption reactions. Overgrowths of Fe3+ oxyhydroxide, scorodite, and FeAsO3 are observed as a result of oxidation in air and aqueous medium. In an acidic solution, an overgrowth of elemental sulfur is reported, in both abiotic and biotic conditions. The reaction of arsenopyrite and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in the acidic medium salt solution results in a FePO4 overgrowth of 0.2 μm thick, which is promoted by bacterial production of Fe3+. In natural and mining environments, conditions of high pH may result in increasing acidity and rate of release of As and S. The formation of secondary mineral phases on the surfaces of As-bearing sulfides may retard the mobility of As and potentially decrease the acidity. Therefore, passivation of mineral surfaces with a mineral coating may be a reasonable strategy to minimize the affects of surface mining. In general, interactions with bacteria enhance the oxidation rates of As-bearing sulfide minerals, but at rates lower than those measured in the laboratory under optimum conditions. Continuing work on As-bearing sulfides is recommended to better understand the impacts of these minerals on the environment.
Dry extrusion as an aid to mechanical expelling of oil from soybeans (1987)

Abstract A new concept is described for mechanical extraction of oil from soybeans, using dry extrusion as a pretreatment. It was found that coarsely ground whole soybeans at 10 to 14% moisture could be extrusion cooked so that the extrudate emerges from the die in a semi‐fluid state. The dwell time within the extruder was less than 30 seconds, and the temperature was raised to about 135 C. The semi‐fluid extrudate was immediately pressed in a continuous screw press to obtain high quality oil and press cake. Extrusion prior to expelling greatly increased the throughput of the expeller over the rated capacity. An oil recovery of 70% was obtained in single pass expelling using pilot model expellers. Higher recovery rates can be expected with commercial scale expellers. The high temperature‐short time extrusion cooking process eliminates the prolonged heating and holding of raw material in conventional expelling. Under the experimental conditions, press cake with 50% protein, 6% residual oil and 90% inactivation of trypsin inhibitors was obtained. The low fat cake was easily ground in a hammer mill without the usual problems associated with milling of whole beans. The expelled oil was remarkably stable with an AOM stability of 15 hr, which is comparable to refined deodorized oil according to NSPA specifications. The new procedure offers potential for producing natural soybean oil and food grade low fat soy flour by a relatively low cost operation. It may be adopted as an improvement to existing conventional expelling operations in less developed countries or as a commercial or on‐farm operation for producing value added products from soybeans within the U.S.
Improving storage system availability with D-GRAID (2004)

Permission is granted for noncommercial reproduction of the work for educational or research purposes.
Fat Emulsions with Added Free Cholesterol or Fatty Acid Cholesteryl Esters (1977)

The fractional elimination rate of fat emulsions of soybean oil, emulsified with egg yolk phosphatides with 1% addition of cholesterol or various cholesteryl fatty acid esters, was studied in rabbits. The fractional removal rate k2%/min was the same after addition of free cholesterol or esters with fatty acids up to eight carbon esters. The k2 values were twice as high for emulsions with cholesteryl-stearate, three times higher with added cholesteryl-palmitate and four times higher when cholesteryl-linoleate was added. The triglyceride (TG) lipase activity was determined with human or rabbit post-heparin plasma and with purified bovine lipoprotein lipase. All these enzyme sources gave similar results. Addition of saturated cholesteryl esters did not affect the lipase activity, but addition of 1% cholesterol markedly decreased the lipase activity. Furthermore, addition of cholesteryl-linoleate and linolenate reduced post-heparin TG lipase activity.
Hall Effect and Thermoelectric Power in Semiconductive TiO<sub>2</sub> (1967)

The electrical properties of the conductive TiO2 (rutile) ceramics, as well as single crystals, doped with Nb2O5 or Ta2O5 were investigated by Hall effect and thermoelectric power measurements. These properties were shown to be strongly dependent on the doping concentration which covered the range up to 4 mole-percent. The experimental results indicate that the specimens are non-degenerated n-type semiconductor with a density-of-states effective mass of m*=20 m. At room temperature, where lattice scattering plays a dominant role, Hall mobility is about 0.4 cm2/Vs. for lower doping level and it falls down to 10-2 cm2/Vs. with the increasing doping concentration. The mobility increases in the slightly doped specimens at liquid nitrogen point, while it decreases in the specimens doped more heavily than 0.1 mole-percent. The activation energy of the donor centers due to the doping is 0.02 eV. The reduced specimen not intentionally doped, shows a shallower level nearly equal to 0.01 eV.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipase‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of 3‐Butyn‐2‐ol. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Postgenomic Adventures with <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i> (2007)

This review describes some of the recent highlights taken from the studies of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1. The review is not intended to be comprehensive, but to reflect the bias of the authors as to how the availability of a sequenced and annotated genome, a gene-chip, and proteomic profile as well as comparative genomic analyses can direct the progress of future research in this system.
Recent advances in immunotherapy for human glioma (2006)

Improvements in clinical methods and large randomized trials are now needed to prove the usefulness of cancer vaccines. Indeed, comprehensive analysis of tumour immunology and new immunization protocols suggest that immunotherapy can become an efficacious treatment in the near future. Combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapy should be investigated.
Simulation of unstable oscillations in PWM variable-speed drives (1988)

In several recent technical papers, limit-cycle instabilities of voltage source inverter-fed drives at low speeds have been attributed to the switching effects of the inverter or slight jitter in the output waveform of a proprietary LSI pulsewidth-modulated device. A study of such limit-cycle instabilities using two simulation techniques is presented. One is full simulation including the effects of inverter harmonics, anti-overlap delays, open-circuit voltages and output waveform jitter, the other is a reduced-order simulation that neglects inverter output harmonics and other output waveform defects. These simulations form part of a commercial software package under development. The simulation results indicate that the instabilities are inherent in the inverter source impedance/induction motor combination and are relatively independent of inverter output waveform harmonics, jitter, and other defects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crosstalk control for microstrip circuits on PCBs at microwave frequencies (2002)

Measurements of crosstalk between microstrip lines placed on a set of test circuit boards suggest that very large fraction of the crosstalk at microwave frequencies occurs through lateral signal spreading in the substrate of the test circuit board used. The entire surface areas of the test circuit boards were copper plated except around the top traces of the microstrip lines for circuit isolation. The crosstalk through the air path is very inefficient. The control of crosstalk through the substrate and air path is explored separately with a set of practical and cost-effective techniques.
Adaptive sharing of large resources in P2P networks (2005)

A peer-to-peer(P2P) system comprises a network of nodes that are capable of sharing and exchanging resources with one another. Recent studies of P2P networks show that many resources exchanged between users are considerably large files that require significant download times, consume the majority of the network bandwidth, and also occupy substantial storage space on the node providing the resource. In such a scenario, it would be inefficient for a node to store a large resource that is rarely, or never requested by other nodes, or, to share a large resource with a node that is already acquiring the resource from another source. These inefficiences can be mitigated if a node dynamically determines and updates its decision to store and share large resources. Here, we describe an agent enabled adaptive strategy for a node to share large resources based on the expected availability of the resource in the network. Experimental results of our adaptive sharing strategy show that a saving of 8--12 downloads/resource, accounting for 50--70 MB of saved data transfer/resource, can be achieved without performance deterioration in the P2P network.
Development of a Streptavidin-Conjugated Single-Chain Antibody That Binds <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Spores (1998)

Control of microorganisms such as Bacillus cereus spores is critical to ensure the safety and a long shelf life of foods. A bifunctional single chain antibody has been developed for detection and binding of B. cereus T spores. The genes that encode B. cereus T spore single-chain antibody and streptavidin were connected for use in immunoassays and immobilization of the recombinant antibodies. A truncated streptavidin, which is smaller than but has biotin binding ability similar to that of streptavidin, was used as the affinity domain because of its high and specific affinity with biotin. The fusion protein gene was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) with the T7 RNA polymerase-T7 promoter expression system. Immunoblotting revealed an antigen specificity similar to that of its parent native monoclonal antibody. The single-chain antibody-streptavidin fusion protein can be used in an immunoassay of B. cereus spores by applying a biotinylated enzyme detection system. The recombinant antibodies were immobilized on biotinylated magnetic beads by taking advantage of the strong biotin-streptavidin affinity. Various liquids were artificially contaminated with 5 x 10(4) B. cereus spores per ml. Greater than 90% of the B. cereus spores in phosphate buffer or 37% of the spores in whole milk were tightly bound and removed from the liquid phase by the immunomagnetic beads.
Synthesis and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate–tetanus toxoid conjugate (2006)

Chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main proven perpetrator of lung function decline and ultimate mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Mucoid strains of this bacterium elaborate mucoid exopolysaccharide, also referred to as alginate. Alginate-based immunization of naïve animals elicits opsonic antibodies and leads to clearance of mucoid P. aeruginosa from the lungs. Alginate was isolated from mucoid P. aeruginosa strain 8821M by repeated ethanol precipitation, dialysis, proteinase and nuclease digestion, and chromatography. To improve immunogenicity, the purified antigen was coupled to tetanus toxoid (TT) with adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) as a spacer and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDAC) as a linker. The reaction mixture was passed through a Sepharose CL-4B column. The resulting conjugate was composed of TT and large-size alginate polymer at a ratio of about 3 : 1; it was non-toxic and non-pyrogenic, and elicited high titres of alginate-specific IgG. Antisera raised against the conjugate had high opsonic activity against the vaccine strain. The alginate conjugate was also able to protect mice against a lethal dose of mucoid P. aeruginosa. These data indicate that an alginate-based vaccine has significant potential to protect against chronic infection with mucoid P. aeruginosa in the CF host.
Emulsifying properties, of block copolymers. Oil‐water emulsions and microemulsions (1977)

Abstract The emulsifying effect of poly(styrene‐b‐ethylene oxide) block copolymers (Cop PS‐PEO) has been studied for the toluene‐water system as a function of the molecular characteristics of the copolymer (composition, molecular weight, and structure). To demonstrate the surfactive properties of Cop PS‐PEO, we determined the interfacial tension γ i for the toluene‐water system in the presence of these block copolymers. For oil/water (O/W) and water/oil (W/O) emulsions, prepared in the presence of Cop PS‐PEO, we determined the phase inversion point, the particle size of the dispersed phase, the stability and the viscosity as a function of the PEO content, the molecular weight, and the structure of the block copolymers. It appeared that the best results for the emulsification are obtained with Cop PS‐PEO having molecular weights less than 100, 000. Stable O/W emulsions of small particle size are preferentially prepared with di‐ or triblock copolymers having a PEO content of 60‐80 percent. In contrast, stable W/O emulsions are obtained with diblock copolymers having a PS content of 60‐80 percent. The difference in behavior between diand triblock copolymers also showed the importance of the chain conformation at the toluene‐water interface. As an extension, we have shown that microemulsions can be obtained with such polymeric surfactants. Isopropanol and butylamine appeared to be efficient cosurfactants for the system water/toluene/Cop PS‐PEO.
Repair of Porous MSQ (p-MSQ) Films Using Monochlorosilanes Dissolved in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (2005)

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, contact angle, and electrical measurements were used to study porous methylsilsesquioxane (p-MSQ) films (JSR LKD 5109) processed with alkylmonochlorosilanes having chain lengths of one to eighteen carbon atoms dissolved in supercritical carbon dioxide at 155-185 atm and 55-60°C to repair oxygen ashing damage. The FTIR results showed that all chemistries reacted with silanol groups on the surface of the pores producing covalent Si-O-Si bonds. Self-condensation between the alkylsilanols with chain lengths above four carbon atoms produced a physisorbed residue, which was partially removed after rinsing with pure scCO2. The hydrophobicity of the blanket p-MSQ surface was recovered, while the initial dielectric constant of 2.4 for the blanket p-MSQ surface was restored after treatment. With an increase in the length of the alkyl chain, the contact angle increased from 84° to 108° and the dielectric constant measured on metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors was approximately constant in the range 2.4 ± 0.05. The monochlorosilanes restore the dielectric constant and surface properties of mesoporous p-MSQ and are candidate pore sealing additives.
Direct Model Predictive Control strategy for multi-phase thyristor matrix converters (2015)

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a very powerful and increasing popular control method. Due to increasing calculation power of state-of-the-art control hardware platforms and computationally efficient MPC approaches, MPC is already feasible for processes with small time constants as they are common in converter and drive control. In this paper, a 27-to-3-phase thyristor matrix converter (also known as cycloconverter) is considered. Such a converter can be controlled with the standard control angle approach. However the full available system performance cannot be utilized using this standard method, since each of the grid phases is separately controlled. Compared to the standard method, the MPC as a multi-variable control algorithm considers the whole coupled overall system. Due to this, all 273 = 19683 switching states are considered. Besides the proof of the function of a Direct MPC for the 27-to-3-phase thyristor matrix converter, this paper also demonstrates that the commutation frequency can be distinctly reduced by the use of the MPC. Since the switching losses mainly depend on the switching frequency, the converter losses will be significantly reduced by this method.
Research Map of Robotics. Design and Control of the Modular Manipulator System: TOMMS. (1996)

The TOshiba Modular Manipulator System, TOMMS, consists of joint modules, link modules, and a control unit with a joystick. As to the trial manufacturing, a manipulator with 3 d. o. f. is assembled using three joint modules and optional link modules into any desired configuration and shape, for instance, a horizontal type and a vertical type. The assembled manipulator is connected to the control unit, and the position of the end tip of the manipulator is controlled using the joystick without special handling. There is only one type of joint module and link module. There are three input ports and two output ports on the joint module. The distance between the fore side and the back side of the link module is adjustable. The Jacobian matrix is applied to the control software. Control experiments were carried out and the efficiency of the design concept of TOMMS for mechanical hardware and control software was confirmed.
Common overuse running injuries: diagnosis and management. (1997)

Running injuries are primarily caused by overuse due to training errors (i.e., running too far, too fast, too soon). A stress fracture should always be considered in a runner with pain, because long-term morbidity may occur if this injury is not recognized. The history and physical examination are usually sufficient to diagnose an overuse injury. Runners should be instructed to increase their mileage gradually in increments of 10 percent or less each week, to wear proper running shoes and to perform stretching and strengthening exercises for the lower extremities on a regular basis. In addition, they should not attempt to "run through pain." Treatment of overuse running injuries includes relative rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cross-training and stretching exercises, with a return to running as tolerated. Correction of biomechanical problems with the use of orthotics may be an adjunctive treatment measure.