gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solution processable donor–acceptor oligothiophenes for bulk-heterojunction solar cells (2010)

Novel p-type and low bandgap penta- and hexa-thiophenes asymmetrically endcapped with solubilizing triarylamine or triarylamino-substituted carbazole dendron and dicyanovinyl groups, namely, PhNOF-OT(n)-DCN and G2-OT(n)-DCN, respectively where n = 5–6 for solution-processable photovoltaic applications have been synthesized and investigated. With the incorporation of a solubilizing electron-donating group, the highly extended oligothiophenes are highly soluble in common organic solvents and solution-processable. Upon extending the oligothiophene backbone, there is a strong increase in the absorption around 420 nm in addition to the intramolecular charge-transfer absorption (520 nm) which results in a strong spectral broadening. The optical band-gap of these donor–acceptor oligothiophene thin-films greatly reduces to 1.85 eV. The solution-processed bulk heterojunction PV cells fabricated from these materials blended with PCBM as an acceptor showed a PCE up to 1.72% with Voc = 0.79 V in an as-fabricated device. Our findings also suggest that highly extended donor–acceptor oligomers can be useful for a p-type, low-bandgap semiconductor for solution-processable bulk heterojunction PV cells.
Integration of active optical components (2003)

Integration of active optical components typically serves five goals: enhanced performance, smaller space, lower power dissipation, higher reliability, and lower cost. We are manufacturing widely tunable laser diodes with an integrated high speed electro absorption modulator for metro and all-optical switching applications. The monolithic integration combines the functions of high power laser light generation, wavelength tuning over the entire C-band, and high speed signal modulation in a single chip. The laser section of the chip contains two sampled grating DBRs with a gain and a phase section between them. The emission wavelength is tuned by current injection into the waveguide layers of the DBR and phase sections. The laser light passes through an integrated optical amplifier before reaching the modulator section on the chip. The amplifier boosts the cw output power of the laser and provides a convenient way of power leveling. The modulator is based on the Franz-Keldysh effect for a wide band of operation. The common waveguide through all sections minimizes optical coupling losses. The packaging of the monolithically integrated chip is much simpler compared to a discrete or hybrid solution using a laser chip, an SOA, and an external modulator. Since only one optical fiber coupling is required, the overall packaging cost of the transmitter module is largely reduced. Error free transmission at 2.5Gbit/s over 200km of standard single mode fiber is obtained with less than 1dB of dispersion penalty.
Anti-GM1 and anti-sulfatide antibodies in polyneuropathies Threshold titers and accuracy (2001)

Our results suggest that testing IgM anti-GM1 or anti-sulfatide Ab is useful only for diagnostic confirmation of specific subtypes of autoimmune PN.
Electron Microscopic Studies of Structure and Crystallization of Amorphous Metal Oxide Films (1979)

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy using axial beam illumination was carried out on vacuum-deposited WO3, TiO2, and MoO3 films. In as-deposited WO3 films thinner than 100 Å and films heated at 350°C for 2∼5 h which gave rise to amorphous haloes in electron diffraction, crossed fringe-like structure images of the order of 10∼20 Å was observed. This means that the amorphous films consisted of micro-crystallites in which the W–O6 octahedra were arrayed like crystalline WO3. When the films were heated at 350°C for 10 h, they grew to crystallites of WO3 as large as 100 Å. On the other hand, in WO3 films thicker than about 200 Å, crystals of a few microns grew after shorter heat treatment. Similar results were obtained for the TiO2 and MoO3 films. The differnce in crystallization between the very thin films and the thicker films is interpreted by considering the heat generated during crystallization and its dispersion.
Identification of IgE Binding to Api g 1‐Derived Peptides (2010)

Celery is a frequent cause of food allergy in pollen-sensitized patients and can induce severe allergic reactions. Clinical symptoms cannot be predicted by skin prick tests (SPTs) or by determining allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Our aim was to identify specific IgE binding peptides by using an array technique. For our study, the sera of 21 patients with positive double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) to celery, as well as the sera of 17 healthy patients were used. Additionally, all patients underwent skin tests along with determinations of specific IgE binding. The major allergen of celery Api g 1.0101 (Apium graveolens) was synthesized as an array of overlapping peptides and probed with the patients' sera. We developed an improved immunoassay protocol by investigating peptide lengths, peptide densities, incubation parameters, and readout systems, which could influence IgE binding. Sera of celery-allergic patients showed binding to three distinct regions of Api g 1.0101. The region including amino acids 100 to 126 of Api g 1.0101 is the most important region for IgE binding. This region caused a fivefold higher binding of IgE from the sera of celery-allergic patients compared to those of healthy individuals. In particular, one peptide (VLVPTADGGSIC) was recognized by all sera of celery-allergic patients. In contrast, no binding to this peptide was detected in sera of the healthy controls. Our improved assay strategy allows us to distinguish between celery-allergic and healthy individuals, but needs to be explored in a larger cohort of well-defined patients.
Regulation of lung surfactant secretion by intracellular pH (1989)

We investigated secretion of lung surfactant phosphatidylcholine (PC) using isolated perfused rat lung preparation after labeling the lung lipids in vitro with [methyl-3H]choline. The perfusion medium was Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 10 mM glucose and 3% fatty acid-poor bovine serum albumin. After ventilation of lungs with air containing 5% CO2 (control) for 1 h, 0.91% +/- 0.04 (mean +/- SE, n = 6) of total lung lipid radioactivity (greater than 95% in PC) was recovered in the cell-free lavage fluid. The secretion of PC was increased with terbutaline (50 microM), 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-BrcAMP, 100 microM), phorbol L2-myristate 13-acetate (30 ng/ml), and ATP (1 mM), in each case by approximately 150%. Secretion of PC was also increased by 160% if the lungs were ventilated with air containing 0% CO2. The low CO2-mediated PC secretion was time and concentration dependent. The dose-response curve for 0-10% CO2 was S-shaped. The low CO2-induced increase in PC secretion could be largely reversed with diffusible weak acids (25 mM, acetate or butyrate) in the perfusion medium. An increase (70%) in secretion was also induced with 10 mM NH4Cl, suggesting a role for intracellular alkalosis. These observations suggest that intracellular alkalosis stimulates lung surfactant secretion. Alkalosis-stimulated secretion of PC was additive with that with terbutaline (5 X 10(-7) to 5 X 10(-4) M) or 10(-4) M 8-BrcAMP, suggesting that alkalosis effect was not mediated through the beta-adrenergic pathway of surfactant secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[PP.35.22] (2015)

Objective: High blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Many studies and meta-analyses have reported significant reduction in cardiovascular outcome rates with angiotensin-converting enzyme. However, the impact of these strategies over the life expectancy of hypertensive patients is more difficult to grasp for physicians. The objective of this analysis was therefore to translate the benefit of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors into concrete figures to help physicians improve patient adherence to treatment. Design and method: Data from a meta-analysis of seven randomized, controlled trials testing ACE inhibitors vs comparators including 76 615 patients were first used to calculate number-needed to treat to prevent death or cardiovascular events over a mean follow-up 4.3 years. The impact of ACE inhibitor treatment over a mean residual life expectancy of 25 years for hypertensive patients at age 50, as reported in the Framingham Heart Study, was then extrapolated with the hypothesis of constant rate of cardiovascular events and death. Results: When initiating antihypertensive treatment with an ACE inhibitor in their hypertensive patients at the age of 50 years old, physicians will prevent over their average residual life span of 25 years one premature death out of 11 patients treated as well as one death from cardiovascular disease out of 20 patients treated. These benefits of ACE inhibitors appear to particularly rely on a coronary protective effect as physicians will prevent one myocardial infarction in every 14 patients treated with an ACE inhibitor. Overall, one event of the composite endpoint of myocardial infarction and stroke will also be avoided every 13 patients treated. Conclusions: Expressing the benefit of treatments over the life expectancy of hypertensive patients is therefore a useful tool for physicians to quantify the consequences of their clinical practice and convince patients to become more adherent. ACE inhibitors appear to provide an effective cardioprotection that largely affects the outcome.
Glycerides as prodrugs. 3. Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of [1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetyl]glycerides (indomethacin glycerides) (1980)

Mono-, bis-, and tris[1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetyl]glycerides and 1,3-dialkanoyl-2-[1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetyl]glycerides were synthesized and evaluated for antiinflammatory activity in the rat paw carrageenin edema assay. Three of the most active compounds (4, 18a, and 18e) were tested in the rat adjuvant arthritis model and found to be essentially equivalent in activity to indomethacin. On a molar basis, the acute gastric irritating properties of 18a and 18e were seven to eight times less than indomethacin, resulting in a 2.5- to 3-fold improvement in the ratio of antiedema activity to ulcerogenicity.
Configuration as Composite Constraint Satisfaction (1996)

Selecting and arranging parts is the core of a configuration task. The validity of a configuration is defined in terms of constraints. Highly declarative, domain independent and simple to use, the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) paradigm offers an adequate framework for this task. However, the basic paradigm is not powerful enough to capture or to take advantage of essential aspects of configuration, such as the unknown a priori number of constituent parts of a system or the inherent internal structure of these parts. Although notable effort has been spent on extending the basic paradigm to accommodate these issues, we still lack a comprehensive formalism for configuration. This paper presents the main ideas behind a general constraint-based model of configuration tasks represented as a new class of nonstandard constraint satisfaction problems, called composite CSP. Composite CSP unifies several CSP extensions, providing a more comprehensive and efficient basis for formulating and solving configuration problems.
An automated method for modeling proteins on known templates using distance geometry (1993)

We present an automated method incorporated into a software package, FOLDER, to fold a protein sequence on a given three-dimensional (3D) template. Starting with the sequence alignment of a family of homologous proteins, tertiary structures are modeled using the known 3D structure of one member of the family as a template. Homologous interatomic distances from the template are used as constraints. For nonhomologous regions in the model protein, the lower and the upper bounds for the interatomic distances are imposed by steric constraints and the globular dimensions of the template, respectively. Distance geometry is used to embed an ensemble of structures consistent with these distance bounds. Structures are selected from this ensemble based on minimal distance error criteria, after a penalty function optimization step. These structures are then refined using energy optimization methods. The method is tested by simulating the alpha-chain of horse hemoglobin using the alpha-chain of human hemoglobin as the template and by comparing the generated models with the crystal structure of the alpha-chain of horse hemoglobin. We also test the packing efficiency of this method by reconstructing the atomic positions of the interior side chains beyond C beta atoms of a protein domain from a known 3D structure. In both test cases, models retain the template constraints and any additionally imposed constraints while the packing of the interior residues is optimized with no short contacts or bond deformations. To demonstrate the use of this method in simulating structures of proteins with nonhomologous disulfides, we construct a model of murine interleukin (IL)-4 using the NMR structure of human IL-4 as the template. The resulting geometry of the nonhomologous disulfide in the model structure for murine IL-4 is consistent with standard disulfide geometry.
Ecodesign of ordered mesoporous silica materials (2013)

Characterized by a regular porosity in terms of pore size and pore network arrangement, ordered mesoporous solids have attracted increasing interest in the last two decades. These materials have been identified as potential candidates for several applications. However, more environmentally friendly and economical synthesis routes of mesoporous silica materials were found to be necessary in order to develop these applications on an industrial scale. Consequently, ecodesign of ordered mesoporous silica has been considerably developed with the objective of optimizing the chemistry and the processing aspects of the material synthesis. In this review, the main strategies developed with this aim are presented and discussed.
A criterion for predicting delamination in plastic IC packages (1993)

Proposes that the critical stress intensity factor in linear elastic fracture mechanics, K/sub IIC/, obtained in an adhesion test between the leadframe and the mold compound can be used as a criterion for predicting delamination. A finite element stress analysis of the adhesion test determines K/sub IIC/ corresponding to the measured maximum strength. Delamination between the leadframe chip pad and the mold compound occurs when the maximum stress intensity value, K/sub II/ obtained for the package exceeds the critical value K/sub IIC/, in the adhesion test. The validity of the proposed criterion was verified by experiments on different plastic SOJ packages molded with different grades of molding compound under different moisture conditions. These findings suggest that for any new IC package, an optimized package design together with a mold compound with the necessary properties that will not result in delamination can be defined at the outset of package development.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A psychophysical analysis of acupuncture analgesia (1984)

A psychophysical analysis of acupuncture analgesia was carried out in which low back pain patients made visual analogue scale (VAS) responses both to their chronic pain and to different levels of experimental heat pain (5 sec exposures to 43-51 degrees C) before and after electroacupuncture. VAS (sensory) responses to chronic pain, direct temperature matches to chronic pain, and VAS (sensory) responses to experimental pain were reduced in an internally consistent manner 1-2 h after treatment. The magnitude of this analgesic response was similar for dermatomes within the region of chronic pain and acupuncture needle placement (lower back) as well as for dermatomes remote from needle placement and chronic pain (forearm). Individual patients manifested either (1) a central-inhibitory pattern of analgesia wherein experimental and chronic pain in back regions and experimental pain in forearm regions were reduced, or (2) an origin-specific pattern wherein only the chronic low back pain was reduced. Patients tested several days after treatment all manifested the latter pattern of analgesia. VAS sensory and VAS affective analgesic responses to electroacupuncture treatment showed a delayed onset (1-24 h) to maximum effect and a duration of 10-14 days. Cumulative sensory and affective analgesic effects were observed at the end of 4 months of biweekly acupuncture treatments. The results of this analysis reveal the unique spatial and temporal properties of electroacupuncture analgesia and the extent to which it is mediated by at least two different mechanisms.
Fracturing Unconsolidated Sand Formations Offshore Gulf of Mexico (1992)

Abstract This paper presents case histories for two offshore Gulf Coast wells completed with hydraulic fracture stimulation treatments followed by gravel pack installation. This completion technology is relatively new to the Gulf Coast area and is being employed to address the unique sand conditions encountered with unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. Successfully fracturing soft sandstone formations poses different challenges than fracturing hard-rock reservoirs. The tip screenout design technique is used for fracture design to ensure that the fracture width and proppant concentrations are adequate to efficiently connect the reservoir to the wellbore. Downhole pressure measurements and multiple-tracer isotope tagging of fracturing fluids and slurry are used both for on-site design aids and post-job evaluation. The case histories presented demonstrate that hydraulic fracturing of soft sandstones can provide effective stimulation when properly executed.
End‐to‐end visual grounding via region proposal networks and bilinear pooling (2018)

Phrase‐based visual grounding aims to localise the object in the image referred by a textual query phrase. Most existing approaches adopt a two‐stage mechanism to address this problem: first, an off‐the‐shelf proposal generation model is adopted to extract region‐based visual features, and then a deep model is designed to score the proposals based on the query phrase and extracted visual features. In contrast to that, the authors design an end‐to‐end approach to tackle the visual grounding problem in this study. They use a region proposal network to generate object proposals and the corresponding visual features simultaneously, and multi‐modal factorised bilinear pooling model to fuse the multi‐modal features effectively. After that, two novel losses are posed on top of the multi‐modal features to rank and refine the proposals, respectively. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the authors conduct experiments on three real‐world visual grounding datasets, namely Flickr‐30k Entities, ReferItGame and RefCOCO. The experimental results demonstrate the significant superiority of the proposed method over the existing state‐of‐the‐arts.
Enabling and measuring electronic customer relationship management readiness (2005)

This work provides a comprehensive customer-focused evaluation framework that businesses can use to assess their electronic customer relationship management (e-CRM) readiness. The framework is intended to provide a big picture of the overall composition of e-CRM, to facilitate gap analysis, and to support a monitoring and feedback process. Knowledge management, trust, and technology are identified as key enablers of e-CRM. Finally, we propose weighting and rating scales to aid in assessing customer relationship management readiness, and provide examples of their use.
Growth, sucrose synthase, and invertase activities of developing <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. fruits (1994)

ABSTRACT Activities of the sucrose‐cleaving enzymes, acid and neutral invertase and sucrose synthase, were measured in pods and seeds of developing snap bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) fruits, and compared with 14 C‐import, elongation and dry weight accumulation. During the first 10 d post‐anthesis, pods elongated rapidly with pod dry weight increase lagging behind by several days. The temporal patterns of acid invertase activity and import coincided closely during the first part of pod development, consonant with a central role for this enzyme in converting imported sucrose during pod elongation and early dry weight accumulation. Later, sucrose synthase became the predominant enzyme of dry weight accumulation and was possibly associated with the development of phloem in pod walls. Sucrose synthase activity in seeds showed two peaks, corresponding to two phases of rapid import and dry weight accumulation; hence, sucrose synthase was associated with seed sink growth. Acid invertase activities in seeds were low and did not show a noticeable relationship with import or growth. All neutral invertase activities, during pod and seed development, were too low for it to have a dominant role in sucrose cleavage. Changes in activities of certain sucrose‐cleaving enzymes appear to be correlated with certain sink functions, including import, storage of reserves, and biosynthetic activities. The data supports the association of specific sucrose‐cleaving enzymes with the specific processes that occur in the developing pods and seeds of snap bean fruits; for example, acid invertase with pod elongation and sucrose synthase with fruit dry matter accumulation.
Entrenamiento funcional: revisión y replanteamientos. (2006)

En el orientado a la salud, existen numerosas propuestas de entrenamiento funcional, basadas en la progresion de ejercicios que buscan una transferencia/preparacion con los movimientos y actividades de la vida diaria. En este articulo se realizara una revision del concepto y planteamientos al respecto de dicho
Prefab layers and prefab annotations (2014)

Pixel-based methods have the potential to fundamentally change how we build graphical interfaces, but remain difficult to implement. We introduce a new toolkit for pixel based enhancements, focused on two areas of support. Prefab Layers helps developers write interpretation logic that can be composed, reused, and shared to manage the multi-faceted nature of pixel-based interpretation. Prefab Annotations supports robustly annotating interface elements with metadata needed to enable runtime enhancements. Together, these help developers overcome subtle but critical dependencies between code and data. We validate our toolkit with (1) demonstrative applications and (2) a lab study that compares how developers build an enhancement using our toolkit versus state of the art methods. Our toolkit addresses core challenges faced by developers when building pixel based enhancements, potentially opening up pixel based systems to broader adoption.