gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amino Derivatives of Starches. Amination of Amylose<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino Derivatives of Starches. Amination of Amylose1M. L. Wolfrom, Mahmoud I. Taha, and D. HortonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 12, 3553–3554Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01047a507https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01047a507research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sialyl Lewis X-Carboxymethylpullulan Conjugate: A Novel Homing Device to Spleen and Lymph Nodes (2004)

We have previously found that carboxymethylpullulan (CMPul) conjugated with sialyl Lewis X (Neu5Acalpha2-3Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc-, 2-3SLex) preferentially accumulates in the lymph nodes and spleen. In the present study, we investigated the structural requirements of the 2-3SLex moiety for this accumulation using rats. Radiolabeled CMPul conjugates with various degrees of substitution (d.s.) of the 2-3SLex moiety were intravenously administered to rats, and their tissue distributions were monitored by radioactivity. When the d.s. was more than 0.5, preferential accumulation in the lymph nodes as well as the spleen was observed. However, when the d.s. was 0.025, little effect of the 2-3SLex moiety was noted. Changes in the carbohydrate structure of 2-3SLex, i.e., a change to alpha2-6-linked sialic acid (Neu5Acalpha2-6Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc-, 2-6SLex) or an elimination of the fucose (Neu5Acalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-, sialyl N-acethyllactosamine (SLN)), also made the 2-3SLex moiety ineffective. Furthermore, Microautoradiography analyses revealed that 2-3SLex-CMPul was incorporated by particular subsets of macrophages in these tissues, and that CMPul and SLN-CMPul were also located in the same cells to a lesser extent. 2-3SLex-CMPul may be able to serve as a novel drug delivery carrier to target drugs to the peripheral lymphoid tissues.
The Isolation of Simian Virus 40 Variants with Specifically Altered Genomes (1974)

Serial passage of simian virus 40 (SV40) at high multiplicity of infection leads to the emergence of variants with deleted, substituted, and/or duplicated DNA. Individual variants have been cloned by selective complementation with temperature sensitive SV40 mutants, or nonselectively by coinfection of cells with wild-type helper virus. In each case, the presence of variants was detected by the appearance of discrete short viral genomes in infected cell lysates. Such short genomes, isolated by agarose gel electrophoresis, were shown to be specifically altered by comparing the electrophoretic pattern of their DNA fragments produced by Haemophilus influenzae restriction endonuclease with the pattern of fragments from parental DNA. In addition to defective variants, one infectious variant that had an additional segment of DNA within its genome was isolated.
Synthesis of Main-Chain Polyoxometalate-Containing Hybrid Polymers and Their Applications in Photovoltaic Cells (2004)

Hexamolybdate clusters have been embedded through covalent bonds into the main chain of poly(phenylene acetylene)s. These hybrid polymers were synthesized by palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of a diiodo functionalized cluster with a diethynylbenzene derivative or a diethynyl functionalized cluster with a diiodobenzene derivative. These polymers are soluble in organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and free-standing films can be spin-coated or cast from solutions. While hybrid monomer 2a exhibits a sharp melting transition at 246 °C, polymers 5a and 5b show glass transitions at 125 and 102 °C, respectively. Cyclovoltammetry studies of the hybrid polymers revealed a reversible reduction wave at 1.19 V versus Ag/Ag+, comparable to those of bifunctionalized imido derivatives of hexamolybdates. These polymers show intense absorption in the visible range but with little fluorescence emissions, indicating efficient fluorescence quenching of the embedded polyoxometalate (POM) cluster on the organic phenylene acetylene units. Simple single-layer photovoltaic (PV) cells with a device configuration of indium−tin oxide (ITO)/polymer/Ca have been fabricated and a power conversion efficiency of 0.15% has been obtained, which is significantly higher than PV cells fabricated with other conjugated polymers in the same device configuration. These results convincingly demonstrate the potential applications of POM-based organic−inorganic hybrids in molecular electronics and photonics.
Inhibitory effects of a synthetic pentapeptide on hemopoietic stem cells in vitro and in vivo. (1984)

A synthetic analogue of a pentapeptide associated with mature granulocytes has been investigated for biological effects on stem cell activity in vitro and in vivo. When tested on bone marrow cells from female C3H mice, a short incubation in vitro in doses from 10(-9) to 10(-5) M inhibited myelopoietic colony formation (CFU-C). A maximum of 80% reduction of colony yield was found at 10(-7) M. An oxidized form of the molecule had a stimulatory effect on colony formation, but the inhibitory effect was restored by treatment with a reducing substance (mercaptoethanol). The peptide was nontoxic during continuous exposure of liquid cultures of bone marrow cells for up to 24 h at a dose range of 10(-11) to 10(-4) M. When injected into mice, a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on CFU-C was seen. Maximal effect was obtained by continuous infusion of 1.4 micrograms/h for six days, where only one-fifth of the normal CFU-C number per femur could be retrieved. Prolonged exposure to the same dose level resulted in less reduction. A significant, but less pronounced reduction of spleen colony formation (CFU-S) per femur was seen in the same dose range. Inhibition of both CFU-S and CFU-C was in all cases reversible and mostly accompanied by an overshoot of up to 75% above normal level. In addition, primarily noninhibitory doses led to a secondary increase in the numbers of CFU-S. The total cell number per femur was moderately but significantly reduced, and a prolonged reduction of granulocyte numbers in peripheral blood resulted. No direct toxic effects were seen in vivo on 271 mice given up to 9 mg of the peptide. The results indicate that the peptide may have a regulatory function for stem cell activity in vivo.
Chemical group in crosslinking byproducts responsible for charge trapping in polyethylene (2003)

It is known that space charge is formed in cables insulated with crosslinked polyethylene. It is probable that the crosslinking byproduct or the crosslinked polymer morphology is responsible for the space charge. In order to examine the former possibility, an additive-free low-density polyethylene sheet was soaked in various liquid chemicals including the crosslinking byproducts and space charge distribution inside the sheet was measured under DC voltage application. As a result, space charge appears in the vicinity of the injecting electrode only in the case that the sheet was soaked in the liquids with at least one hydroxyl group in their structures. Therefore, it is concluded that cumyl alcohol, which is the only byproduct with a hydroxyl group in its structure, is responsible for the formation of space charge in polyethylene on the assumptions that chemical functions of a given molecule act separately from each other and that other contributions such as the crosslinked polymer morphology are negligible.
Kinetic Simulation of the Chemical Stabilization Mechanism in Fuel Cell Membranes Using Cerium and Manganese Redox Couples (2011)

The attack by HO<sup>•</sup> on the ionomer in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) can be mitigated by the incorporation of regenerative radical scavengers, such as cerium and manganese, into the membrane. The influence of the presence of the Ce and Mn ions on the reaction of HO<sup>•</sup> with the perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer was studied in the framework of a kinetic model. Scavenging of HO<sup>•</sup> by Ce<sup>3+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> leads to a decrease in the steady-state concentration of HO<sup>•</sup> and, therefore, the rate of ionomer attack, where Ce is more effective than Mn. The HO<sup>•</sup> scavenging yield was found to decrease with increasing reactive end-group concentration of the PFSA ionomer. The oxidized metal ions are rapidly reduced by both and HOO<sup>•</sup>, which restores the scavenger and ensures that the majority (&gt;99.99%) of metal ions is in the reduced, "HO<sup>•</sup>- scavenging-active" oxidation state. This stabilization mechanism is not expected to be operational in hydrocarbon membranes, because HO<sup>•</sup> reacts with aromatic units far too rapidly. Also, the effectiveness of the mitigation mechanism is limited under the conditions of an <em>ex situ</em> Fenton test due to the abundance of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, which is confirmed by experimental data reported in the literature.
Parameters of a spherical random antenna array (1978)

The shape of the beam of a spherical random antenna array is discussed and the main parameters, such as bandwidth, beamwidth and hyperfocal distance are determined.
Probing the Interplay of Ultraviolet Cross-Linking and Noncovalent Interactions in Supramolecular Elastomers (2014)

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiated supramolecular polybutadienes (PBs) containing 2-ureido-4-[1H]-pyrimidone (UPy) linkages were examined as a simple model for curable supramolecular elastomers. Via precise control of UV exposure, the cure and the degradation of the vinyl groups within the PB elastomeric core were investigated. The combination of UPy binding and covalent cross-linking by UV irradiation dramatically enhanced mechanical properties of these UPy-functionalized elastomers, yielding toughness enhancement up to ∼200× at the 5 min UV cure. UV-initiated cross-linking dominated the curing process up to ∼50 min exposure time. Beyond this cure time, dominant degradation of the vinyl linkages was observed. Control of this UV-initiated process yielded supramolecular elastomers with a covalently cross-linked phase induced by UV irradiation combined with a noncovalent UPy cross-linked phase induced by secondary hydrogen bonding interactions. Of particular note, it was determined that the presence of UPy hydrogen-bonded aggregates accelerated the UV cross-linking process during the initial stage of exposure. This observation was attributed to microphase-separated structure of UV-irradiated supramolecular elastomer, where UPy aggregation increased the probability of interaction between the pendant vinyls responsible for UV cross-linking. The systematic study of uniaxial tensile behavior of the UV-irradiated supramolecular elastomers offers new insight into the design and architecture of mechanically tunable supramolecular elastomers.
Waveform compensation of PWM inverter with cyclic fluctuating loads (1988)

A repetitive voltage compensation technique that generates a high-quality sinusoidal output voltage from a single-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter used for uninterruptible power supplies is described. A repetitive control technique eliminates the steady-state error in the distorted output voltage caused by cyclic loads. The proposed PWM inverter system uses microprocessor-based closed-loop digital feedback with a sinusoidal reference. The PWM pattern is determined at every sampling instant by the proposed algorithm, implemented by a microprocessor using a set of detected output voltages and the reference signals through one cycle. The system has low distortion and very fast response for AC phase-controlled loads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
120 Phage-display of antigenic peptides applied to vaccine design (1998)

Conference Article| February 01 1998 120 Phage-display of antigenic peptides applied to vaccine design Cristina FANUTTI; Cristina FANUTTI &Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GIOVANNA DEL POZZO; GIOVANNA DEL POZZO $International Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, 80125 Naples, Italy Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Piergiuseppe DE BERARDINIS; Piergiuseppe DE BERARDINIS @Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, CNR, 80125 Naples, Italy Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar John GUARDIOLA; John GUARDIOLA $International Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, 80125 Naples, Italy Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Lih-Wen DENG; Lih-Wen DENG &Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Richard N. PERHAM Richard N. PERHAM &Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1998) 26 (1): S8. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst026s008 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Cristina FANUTTI, GIOVANNA DEL POZZO, Piergiuseppe DE BERARDINIS, John GUARDIOLA, Lih-Wen DENG, Richard N. PERHAM; 120 Phage-display of antigenic peptides applied to vaccine design. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1998; 26 (1): S8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst026s008 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1998 Biochemical Society1998 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Fixed Priority Scheduling of Hard Real-time Multi-media Disk Traffic (1994)

In this paper we show how existing real-time scheduling theory, developed to analyse the behaviour of tasks executing on processing resources, can be applied to the problem of guaranteeing the performance of multi-media information streams read from a disk system. Analysis is derived that takes into account disk layout and predicts the worst-case response times for disk requests. It is shown how buffer size, priority of request and size of non-pre-emptable operations all crucially affect behaviour. The object of the paper is to define an effective run-time test that can be used to determine if new streams can be accommodated.
Dialock: a new vascular access device for extracorporeal renal replacement therapy. Preliminary clinical results (1999)

The Dialock device offers a new and interesting vascular access alternative for haemodialysis bridging the 'gap' between permanent catheters and arteriovenous fistulae. Dialock's place in the vascular access strategy for haemodialysis patients deserves further long-term clinical studies.
The 55-kDa Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Induces Clustering of Mitochondria through Its Membrane-proximal Region (1998)

The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activates diverse signaling molecules resulting in gene expression, differentiation, and/or cell death. Here we report a novel feature induced by TNF, namely translocation of mitochondria from a dispersed distribution to a perinuclear cluster. Mitochondrial translocation correlated with sensitivity to the cell death-inducing activity of TNF and was mediated by the 55-kDa TNF receptor (TNF-R55), but not by Fas, indicating that the signaling pathway requires a TNF-R55-specific but death domain-independent signal. Indeed, using L929 cells that express mutant TNF-R55, we showed that the membrane-proximal region of TNF-R55 was essential for signaling to mitochondrial translocation. In the absence of translocation, the cell death response was markedly delayed, pointing to a cooperative effect on cell death. Translocation of mitochondria, although dependent on the microtubules, was not imposed by the latter and was equally induced by TNF-independent immunoinhibition of the motor protein kinesin. Additionally, immunoinhibition with antibody directed against the tail domain of kinesin synergized with TNF-induced cell death. Based on this functional mimicry, we propose that a TNF-R55 membrane-proximal region-dependent signal impedes mitochondria-associated kinesin, resulting in cooperation with the TNF-R55 death domain-induced cytotoxic response and causing the observed clustering of mitochondria.
Adiponectin receptor signalling in the brain (2011)

Adiponectin is an important adipocyte-derived hormone that regulates metabolism of lipids and glucose, and its receptors (AdipoR1, AdipoR2, T-cadherin) appear to exert actions in peripheral tissues by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase, p38-MAPK, PPARα and NF-kappa B. Adiponectin has been shown to exert a wide range of biological functions that could elicit different effects, depending on the target organ and the biological milieu. There is substantial evidence to suggest that adiponectin receptors are expressed widely in the brain. Their expression has been detected in regions of the mouse hypothalamus, brainstem, cortical neurons and endothelial cells, as well as in whole brain and pituitary extracts. While there is now considerable evidence for the presence of adiponectin and its receptors in the brain, their precise roles in brain diseases still remain unclear. Only a few research studies have looked at this facet of adiponectins in brain disorders. This brief review will describe the evidence for important functions by adiponectin, its structure and known actions, evidence for expression of AdipoRs in the brain, their involvement in brain disorders and the therapeutic potential of agents that could modify AdipoR signalling.
Huh-7 Human Liver Cancer Cells: A Model System to Understand Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Therapy (2013)

In the last decades, the use of in vitro systems in liver research has grown exponentially. Important reasons promoting this work are the high throughput and ease of genetic manipulations afforded by these experiments relative to in vivo experiments. Thousands of investigations of hepatocellular carcinoma have been performed employing the human hepatoma Huh-7 cell line. The extensive body of knowledge produced attests to the importance and value of this in vitro cell system to study the characteristics of hepatomas and the potential of natural and synthetic compounds to prevent and eliminate this liver cancer. The necessarily brief summary provided here attempts to summarise some of the most recent achievements and limitations of investigations with Huh-7 cells and derivatives.
Transcending conventional therapies: The role of biologic and other novel therapies (2001)

Biologic and other novel therapies targeted to specific pathogenic processes offer the potential for improved treatment outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease and alteration of the course of the disease. Therapies targeted to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) include anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibodies (infliximab and CDP-571), TNF-binding neutralizing fusion proteins (etanercept), and TNF-alpha production inhibitors (thalidomide). In placebo-controlled trials, infliximab has rapidly induced clinical response and remission in patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease refractory to conventional therapy and patients with fistulizing Crohn's disease, with minimal toxicity; retreatment with infliximab in patients who experienced an initial response maintained their clinical improvement. Clinical experience suggests that infliximab may also be effective when administered as corticosteroid-sparing therapy. Infliximab is the only anti-TNF-alpha therapy currently available in clinical practice for the treatment of active Crohn's disease. Controlled trials of the investigational anti-TNF-alpha agent CDP-571 show benefit for induction of clinical improvement and steroid-sparing, but further investigation is needed. A pilot study of etanercept suggested a beneficial effect, but its efficacy was not confirmed in a controlled trial. In open-label trials, thalidomide has demonstrated efficacy in patients with refractory Crohn's disease; however, the therapeutic potential of thalidomide may be severely limited by the high incidence of drug-induced side effects. Other novel agents, including anti-alpha4 integrin antibodies, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-11, and the immunomodulators tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil have been evaluated as treatment in patients with severely active or fistulizing Crohn's disease in open-label and controlled trials, with varied results reported to date. The development of these new therapies is an exciting advance that promises to improve the management of Crohn's disease and expand current knowledge of underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Renormalization group analysis of the small-world network model (1999)

We study the small-world network model, which mimics the transition between regular-lattice and random-lattice behavior in social networks of increasing size. We contend that the model displays a normal continuous phase transition with a divergent correlation length as the degree of randomness tends to zero. We propose a real-space renormalization group transformation for the model and demonstrate that the transformation is exact in the limit of large system size. We use this result to calculate the exact value of the single critical exponent for the system, and to derive the scaling form for the average number of "degrees of separation" between two nodes on the network as a function of the three independent variables. We confirm our results by extensive numerical simulation.
Evidence That Nucleosomes Inhibit Mismatch Repair in Eukaryotic Cells (2009)

The influence of chromatin structure on DNA metabolic processes, including DNA replication and repair, has been a matter of intensive studies in recent years. Although the human mismatch repair (MMR) reaction has been reconstituted using purified proteins, the influence of chromatin structure on human MMR is unknown. This study examines the interaction between human MutSalpha and a mismatch located within a nucleosome or between two nucleosomes. The results show that, whereas MutSalpha specifically recognizes both types of nucleosomal heteroduplexes, the protein bound the mismatch within a nucleosome with much lower efficiency than a naked heteroduplex or a heterology free of histone proteins but between two nucleosomes. Additionally, MutSalpha displays reduced ATPase- and ADP-binding activity when interacting with nucleosomal heteroduplexes. Interestingly, nucleosomes block ATP-induced MutSalpha sliding along the DNA helix when the mismatch is in between two nucleosomes. These findings suggest that nucleosomes may inhibit MMR in eukaryotic cells. The implications of these findings for our understanding of eukaryotic MMR are discussed.