gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction of Open Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on Predesigned Carboxylate Isomers: From Achiral to Chiral Nets (2006)

The four-connected carboxylate ligand N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine (TCPPDA) exists as three stereoisomers: a pair of enantiomers (deltaD2- and lambdaD2-TCPPDA) and a diastereomer (C2h-TCPPDA). TCPPDA was predesigned for the construction of isomeric coordination networks. Reactions of M(NO3)2 (M=Cu, Zn, Co) or Nd(NO)3 with TCPPDA under solvothermal conditions gave rise to five novel porous metal-organic frameworks: [Cu2(D2-tcppda)(H2O)2].2 DMSO.6H2O (1), [Cu2(C2h-tcppda)(H2O)2].2DMSO.6H2O (2), [Co3(D2-Htcppda)2].4DEF.5H2O (3), [Nd2(D2-tcppda)(C2h-tcppda)0.5(DMSO)3]3 DMSO5 H2O (4), and [Zn4O(D2-tcppda)1.5].DMF.H2O (5) (DMSO=dimethyl sulfoxide, DEF=diethylformamide, DMF=dimethylformamide). Complexes 1 and 2 are supramolecular isomers, in which all the ligands adopt pseudotetrahedral (both deltaD2- and lambdaD2-TCPPDA) and rectangular (C2h-TCPPDA) geometries, respectively. Both compounds connect paddlewheel secondary building units (SBUs) to form three-dimensional porous networks possessing PtS and NbO nets, respectively. In 3, all ligands possess pseudotetrahedral (both deltaD2- and lambdaD2-TCPPDA) geometry and link hourglass SBUs to form a three-dimensional porous framework. Compound 4 contains all three stereoisomers (C2-, deltaD2-, and lambdaD2-TCPPDA), thus, has both pseudotetrahedral and rectangular geometries. D2-TCPPDA connects the binuclear neodymium units to generate a two-dimensional layer, further linked by C2h-TCPPDA to create a three-dimensional open framework. In 5, all the ligands possess pseudotetrahedral geometry (D2-TCPPDA), as found in 1 and 3. However, all the TCPPDA ligands in 5 appear as either the deltaD2 or the lambdaD2 form, thus, the whole structure is homochiral. Complex 5 crystallizes in the I4(1)32 space group and the octahedral SBU in 5 is connected by the enantiopure TCPPDA to generate a three-dimensional porous network possessing the corundum Al2O3 net. Complexes 1, 2, and 5 possess permanent porosity, and 4 and 5 exhibit strong luminescence at lambdamax=423 and 424 nm, respectively, upon excitation at 268.5 nm.
Evaluation of Simple Aluminide and Platinum Modified Aluminide Coatings on High Pressure Turbine Blades After Factory Engine Testing-Round II (1992)

This paper presents results of factory engine testing of simple aluminide and platinum modified aluminide coatings. Simple aluminide coatings were produced using pack cementation processes. Platinum modified aluminide coatings were produced using three aluminiding processes; pack cementation, above-the-pack or out-of-contact processing, and chemical vapor deposition. These coatings were evaluated on both directionally solidified and single crystal nickel base superalloy turbine blades. These high pressure turbine blades were tested in a commercial high bypass turbofan engine operating predominantly in a high temperature oxidation environment. Included in this paper are discussions of coatings phase stability, coating growth due to diffusion during engine operation, comparison of coating performance and assessment of remaining coating life after engine testing.
Effects of Oxygen on Fracturing Fluids (1995)

Abstract The stability of polysaccharide gels at high temperature is limited by such factors as pH, mechanical degradation, and oxidants. Oxygen is unavoidably placed in fracturing fluids through dissolution of air. To prevent premature degradation of the fracturing fluid by this oxidant, oxygen scavengers are commonly used. In this paper, the effects of oxygen and various oxygen scavengers on gel stability will be presented. Mechanical removal of oxygen resulted in surprisingly stable fracturing gels at 275°F. However, chemical removal of oxygen gave mixed results. Test data from sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, and sodium erythorbate used as oxygen scavengers/gel stabilizers showed that the efficiency of oxygen removal from gels did not directly coincide with the viscosity retention of the gel, and large excesses of additives were necessary to provide optimum gel stabilization. The inability of some oxygen scavengers to stabilize the gel was the result of products created from the interaction of oxygen with the oxygen scavenger, which in turn, produced species that degraded the gel. The ideal oxygen scavenger should provide superior gel stabilization without creating detrimental side reaction products. Of the materials tested, sodium thiosulfate appeared to be the most beneficial.
Targeting Interleukin 6 Signaling Suppresses Glioma Stem Cell Survival and Tumor Growth (2009)

Glioblastomas are the most common and most lethal primary brain tumor. Recent studies implicate an important role for a restricted population of neoplastic cells (glioma stem cells (GSCs)) in glioma maintenance and recurrence. We now demonstrate that GSCs preferentially express two interleukin 6 (IL6) receptors: IL6 receptor alpha (IL6R alpha) and glycoprotein 130 (gp130). Targeting IL6R alpha or IL6 ligand expression in GSCs with the use of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) significantly reduces growth and neurosphere formation capacity while increasing apoptosis. Perturbation of IL6 signaling in GSCs attenuates signal transducers and activators of transcription three (STAT3) activation, and small molecule inhibitors of STAT3 potently induce GSC apoptosis. These data indicate that STAT3 is a downstream mediator of prosurvival IL6 signals in GSCs. Targeting of IL6R alpha or IL6 expression in GSCs increases the survival of mice bearing intracranial human glioma xenografts. IL6 is clinically significant because elevated IL6 ligand and receptor expression are associated with poor glioma patient survival. The potential utility of anti-IL6 therapies is demonstrated by decreased growth of subcutaneous human GSC-derived xenografts treated with IL6 antibody. Together, our data indicate that IL6 signaling contributes to glioma malignancy through the promotion of GSC growth and survival, and that targeting IL6 may offer benefit for glioma patients.
Study on optimal production of 3-ketovalidoxylamine A C-N lyase and glucoside 3-dehydrogenase by a newly isolated Stenotrophomonas maltrophilia (2009)

3-Ketovalidoxylamine A C-N lyase and glucoside 3-dehydrogenase (G3DH), two key enzymes for valienamine synthesis, are produced by Stenotrophomonas maltrophilia. The condition of producing 3- ketovalidoxylamine A C-N lyase and G3DH was optimized. Validamycin A was showed to be suitable carbon source for C-N lyase and G3DH synthesis. Maximum C-N lyase production was achieved by adding 100 ml culture medium into a 500 ml conical flask containing 5 mg/ml validamycin A, with 12% inoculation seed volume for 22 h with a productivity of 6.26 × 10-3 U/mg protein. The specific G3DH activity was 0.244 U/mg protein in the same culture condition at 27 h. A 15 L fermenter containing 8 liter of medium was also used in this study. Crude enzyme reaction showed the conversion of N-pnitrophenylvalidamine was achieved to 92.8% at 3 h and the yield of p-nitroaniline was 81.3% at 3 h.
Lightweight UAV Launcher (2014)

This report discusses the design, construction, and testing of a lightweight, portable UAV launcher. There is a current need for a small team of soldiers to launch a US Marine Tier II UAV in a remote location without transport. Research was conducted into existing UAV launcher designs and the pros and cons of each were recorded. This research served as a basis for concept generation during the initial design development stage. It was required that the design weigh less than 110 lbs, occupy a smaller volume than 48" x 24" 18" in its collapsed state, be portable by a single soldier, able to be operated by two soldiers, and launch a 55 lb UAV at 52.3 ft/s. In this report is the detailed analysis and design of the first prototype of such a launcher. The launcher operates using a set of six elastic surgical tubing members and an electric winch and features a collapsible frame made of lightweight aluminum 6061-­T6. The launcher succeeded in reaching an exit velocity of 53.7 ft/s, set-­up and tear-­down times under five minutes, weight of 62 lbs, a collapsed volume measuring 43" x 14.5" x 14" and the need for only a single operator.
A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective for Targeting Histone H3 Lysine-79 Methyltransferase DOT1L (2013)

Histone H3 lysine79 (H3K79) methyltransferase DOT1L plays an important role in the activation and maintenance of gene transcription. It is essential for embryonic development as well as normal functions of the hematopoietic system, heart, and kidney in adults. DOT1L has been found to be a drug target for acute leukemia with mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene translocations. The rearranged onco-MLL can recruit DOT1L, causing aberrant H3K79 methylation, overexpression of leukemia relevant genes, and eventually leukemogenesis. Potent DOT1L inhibitors possess selective activity against this type of leukemia in cell-based and animal studies, with the most advanced compound being in clinical trials. In the medicinal chemistry point of view, we review the biochemistry, cancer biology, and current inhibitors of DOT1L, as well as biophysical (including X-ray crystallographic) investigation of DOT1L-inhibitor interactions. Potential future directions in the context of drug discovery and development targeting DOT1L are discussed.
Automated Quantification of Locomotion, Social Interaction, and Mate Preference in<i>Drosophila</i>Mutants (2012)

Automated tracking methods facilitate screening for and characterization of abnormal locomotion or more complex behaviors in Drosophila. We developed the Iowa Fly Locomotion and Interaction Tracker (IowaFLI Tracker), a MATLAB-based video analysis system, to identify and track multiple flies in a small arena. We report altered motor activity in the K(+) and Na(+) channel mutants, Hk(1) and para(ts1), which had previously been shown to display abnormal larval locomotion. Environmental factors influencing individual behavior, such as available "social space," were studied by using IowaFLI Tracker to simultaneously track multiple flies in the same arena. We found that crowding levels affect individual fly activity, with the total movement of individual flies attenuated around a particular density. This observation may have important implications in the design of activity chambers for studying particular kinds of social interactions. IowaFLI Tracker also directly quantifies social interactions by tracking the amount of time individuals are in proximity to one another-visualized as an "interactogram." This feature enables the development of a "target-preference" assay to study male courtship behavior where males are presented with a choice between two immobilized, decapitated females, and their locomotion and interactions quantified. We used this assay to study the chemosensory mutants olf D (para(olfD), sbl(2)) and Gr32a and their preferences towards virgin or mated females. Male olf D flies showed reduced courtship levels, with no clear preference towards either, whereas Gr32a males preferentially courted with virgin females over mated females in this assay. These initial results demonstrate that IowaFLI Tracker can be employed to explore motor coordination and social interaction phenomena in behavioral mutants of Drosophila.
Electroreflectance at a Semiconductor-Electrolyte Interface (1965)

Received 28 October 1965DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.15.883©1965 American Physical Society
Reverberation and Absorption in an Aircraft Cabin With the Impact of Passengers (2012)

Using a similar approach to that applied in acoustics and in microwave reverberation chambers, a theory of wideband propagation in a closed environment is discussed. Here, a room environment is viewed as a lossy cavity, characterized by diffuse scattering from walls and internal obstacles. For experimental results, measurements from 3 to 8 GHz were performed in a 24 passenger section of an aircraft cabin. This UWB system has the transmitter at ceiling height and the receivers at armrest and headrest positions. The measurements were performed for the cabin being unoccupied and fully occupied. In the theoretical model, the closed room environment is characterized by the reverberation time and volume, and these parameters allow derivation of the the remaining parameters such as path loss and average passenger absorption. The RMS delay spread and mean excess delay are also studied. For the mean power the agreement between the theory and measurements is good to within 1-2 dB, indicating the excellent accuracy of the method, which extends to estimating body absorption in real world environments. The total absorption from the seated passengers is dominated by the few who are near the transmitter. In general, this absorbed power is relatively small, so the effect of passengers is marginal for this configuration of a cabin communication system.
Myopia: attempts to arrest progression (2002)

Previous studies have evaluated the efficacy of several interventions to decrease the progression of myopia. These include devices that alter the perception of the visual environment and pharmacological treatments. There is no conclusive evidence thus far that alteration of the pattern of spectacle wear, bifocals, ocular hypotensives, or contact lenses retards the progression of myopia. Several randomised clinical trials have demonstrated that the rate of progression of myopia is lower in children given atropine eye drops than those given placebo. However, atropine is associated with short term side effects such as photophobia and possible long term adverse events including light induced retinal damage and cataract formation. Other more selective antimuscarinic agents such as pirenzipine are presently being evaluated. Further well conducted randomised clinical trials with large sample sizes and adequate follow up designed to evaluate treatments to retard the progression of myopia should be conducted, since the identification of an effective intervention may have a greater public health impact on the burden and morbidity from myopia than the few treatments currently available.
GaAs optoelectronic integrated circuits for gigabit ethernet (1999)

The ability to integrate MSM photodiodes on the same chips with trans impedance preamplifiers differentiates Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) from Silicon for Gigabit Ethernet applications. It also signals one of the first practical applications of optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs). In this talk, we'll review the explosive Gigabit Ethernet market and the various GaAs IC's and OEICs that are poised to serve the market.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 expression is associated with neointimal formation in vitro. (1996)

Neointimal formation was studied in a porcine aortic organ culture model that exhibits intimal smooth muscle cell accumulation after a brief time in culture. This in vitro model is dependent upon an intact endothelium, as removal of the endothelium at the time of harvesting results in the failure to develop a neointima. We previously showed that conditioned media from intact cultures induce neointimal formation in denuded aortic explants, and we speculated that basic fibroblast growth factor was the endothelial-derived factor in conditioned media promoting neointimal formation. However, the concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor in conditioned media from both intact and denuded explants, measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was not significantly different and, in fact, steadily decreased over the first 7 days of culture. Furthermore, the amount and intensity of immunoreactive basic fibroblast growth factor in tissue sections, also similar in both groups, decreased over the same time course. Nonetheless, exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (1 ng/ml) induced neointimal formation in intact explants but was unable to do so in denuded explants. Western blot analysis of intimal lysates prepared from both intact and denuded explants showed a time-dependent increase in fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 expression over the first 7 days of culture, with higher levels seen in intimal lysates from intact explants at each time point examined. Immunoreactive fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 was detected in both endothelial cells and intimal smooth muscle cells of intact explant sections. These data indicate that, in the presence of the endothelium, neointimal formation may in part be mediated by upregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 in the intimal cells of porcine aortic explants.
Distortion for readability of contextualized text explanations for visualizations (2003)

Dual-Use of Image Space (DUIS) is a new technique for presenting text explanations for images within image space. This, however presents the problem of readability of the text since readers are used to reading from rectangular windows, on the other hand, a graphical object will typically have a silhouette of an irregular shape. To improve the readability we have developed a technique called rectangularization, i.e. on users' request the selected object morphs into a rectangular window. In order to preserve the context for the rectangularized object, as the selected object morphs into a rectangle, the other objects in the scene also change shape to create room for the newly created rectangle. On top of discussing the rectangularization concept, this paper discusses the algorithm used to displace the other objects in the scene. We also show the extension of the algorithms to allow for multiple rectangularization.
Cell Surface-Specific N-Glycan Profiling in Breast Cancer (2013)

Aberrant changes in specific glycans have been shown to be associated with immunosurveillance, tumorigenesis, tumor progression and metastasis. In this study, the N-glycan profiling of membrane proteins from human breast cancer cell lines and tissues was detected using modified DNA sequencer-assisted fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (DSA-FACE). The N-glycan profiles of membrane proteins were analyzed from 7 breast cancer cell lines and MCF 10A, as well as from 100 pairs of breast cancer and corresponding adjacent tissues. The results showed that, compared with the matched adjacent normal tissue samples, two biantennary N-glycans (NA2 and NA2FB) were significantly decreased (p <0.0001) in the breast cancer tissue samples, while the triantennary glycan (NA3FB) and a high-mannose glycan (M8) were dramatically increased (p = 0.001 and p <0.0001, respectively). Moreover, the alterations in these specific N-glycans occurred through the oncogenesis and progression of breast cancer. These results suggested that the modified method based on DSA-FACE is a high-throughput detection technology that is suited for analyzing cell surface N-glycans. These cell surface-specific N-glycans may be helpful in recognizing the mechanisms of tumor cell immunologic escape and could be potential targets for new breast cancer drugs.
Source localization using time difference of arrival within a sparse representation framework (2011)

The problem addressed is source localization via time-difference-of-arrival estimation in a multipath channel. Solving this localization problem typically implies cross-correlating the noisy signals received at pairs of sensors deployed within reception range of the source. Correlation-based localization is severely degraded by the presence of multipath. The proposed method exploits the sparsity of the multipath channel for estimation of the line-of-sight component. The time-delay estimation problem is formulated as an ℓ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> -regularization problem, where the ℓ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> -norm is used as a channel sparsity constraint. The proposed method requires knowledge of the pulse shape of the transmitted signal, but it is blind in the sense that information on the specific transmitted symbols is not required at the sensors. Simulation results show that the proposed method delivers higher accuracy and robustness to noise compared to conventional or even super-resolution MUSIC time-difference-of-arrival source localization methods.
Adaptations for economical bipedal running: the effect of limb structure on three-dimensional joint mechanics (2010)

The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanical adaptations linked to economical locomotion in cursorial bipeds. We addressed this question by comparing mass-matched humans and avian bipeds (ostriches), which exhibit marked differences in limb structure and running economy. We hypothesized that the nearly 50 per cent lower energy cost of running in ostriches is a result of: (i) lower limb-swing mechanical power, (ii) greater stance-phase storage and release of elastic energy, and (iii) lower total muscle power output. To test these hypotheses, we used three-dimensional joint mechanical measurements and a simple model to estimate the elastic and muscle contributions to joint work and power. Contradictory to our first hypothesis, we found that ostriches and humans generate the same amounts of mechanical power to swing the limbs at a similar self-selected running speed, indicating that limb swing probably does not contribute to the difference in energy cost of running between these species. In contrast, we estimated that ostriches generate 120 per cent more stance-phase mechanical joint power via release of elastic energy compared with humans. This elastic mechanical power occurs nearly exclusively at the tarsometatarso-phalangeal joint, demonstrating a shift of mechanical power generation to distal joints compared with humans. We also estimated that positive muscle fibre power is 35 per cent lower in ostriches compared with humans, and is accounted for primarily by higher capacity for storage and release of elastic energy. Furthermore, our analysis revealed much larger frontal and internal/external rotation joint loads during ostrich running than in humans. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that a primary limb structure specialization linked to economical running in cursorial species is an elevated storage and release of elastic energy in tendon. In the ostrich, energy-saving specializations may also include passive frontal and internal/external rotation load-bearing mechanisms.
Pre-Whitened Dithered Signed-Error Constant Modulus Algorithm for Efficient Blind Channel Equalization (2006)

Blind channel equalization has gained great importance in the world of communications. Among a large number of available blind equalization algorithms, the CMA (constant modulus algorithm) enjoys widespread popularity because of its LMS-like complexity and robustness. Two important improvements on the CMA performance are the dithered signed-error CMA (DSE-CMA) and the pre-whitened CMA (PW-CMA). The DSE-CMA is an approach to reduce the computational complexity of the CMA while retaining its robustness and the PW-CMA aims at improving the convergence rate of the CMA in case of channels exhibiting large frequency response deviations. In this paper we review the two approaches and propose a new scheme combining the virtues of the two. The combined scheme is computationally simpler than the PW-CMA and provides better convergence than the DSE-CMA. It is particularly suited for the situations where ill-convergence needs to be treated with minimum additional complexity and without loss of robustness
Watermarking in Halftone Images with Parity-Matched Error Diffusion (2006)

A halftone watermarking technique of high capacity, robustness, and capacity flexibility is presented in this paper. This parity-matched error diffusion (PMEDF) method is capable of achieving an embedded capacity as high as 6.25% to 25% with good image quality and without the original image as the reference to decode the watermark. As the experimental results demonstrated, this technique is able to guard against degradation due to cropping, tampering, and printed-and-scanned process in error-diffused halftone images.