gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating boosting algorithms to classify rare classes: comparison and improvements (2002)

Classification of rare events has many important data mining applications. Boosting is a promising meta-technique that improves the classification performance of any weak classifier. So far, no systematic study has been conducted to evaluate how boosting performs for the task of mining rare classes. The authors evaluate three existing categories of boosting algorithms from the single viewpoint of how they update the example weights in each iteration, and discuss their possible effect on recall and precision of the rare class. We propose enhanced algorithms in two of the categories, and justify their choice of weight updating parameters theoretically. Using some specially designed synthetic datasets, we compare the capability of all the algorithms from the rare class perspective. The results support our qualitative analysis, and also indicate that our enhancements bring an extra capability for achieving better balance between recall and precision in mining rare classes.
Analysis of approximate nearest neighbor searching with clustered point sets (1999)

We present an empirical analysis of data structures for approximate nearest neighbor searching. We compare the well-known optimized kd-tree splitting method against two alternative splitting methods. The first, called the sliding-midpoint method, which attempts to balance the goals of producing subdivision cells of bounded aspect ratio, while not producing any empty cells. The second, called the minimum-ambiguity method is a query-based approach. In addition to the data points, it is also given a training set of query points for preprocessing. It employs a simple greedy algorithm to select the splitting plane that minimizes the average amount of ambiguity in the choice of the nearest neighbor for the training points. We provide an empirical analysis comparing these two methods against the optimized kd-tree construction for a number of synthetically generated data and query sets. We demonstrate that for clustered data and query sets, these algorithms can provide significant improvements over the standard kd-tree construction for approximate nearest neighbor searching.
Interaction of C-Reactive Protein with Lymphocytes and Monocytes: Complement-Dependent Adherence and Phagocytosis (1976)

Abstract The serum constituent C-reactive protein (CRP), which activates the classical complement (C) pathway when rε-acting with its substrates, was examined for its ability to mediate reactions of opsonic adherence and phagocytosis. Erythrocytes coated with C-polysaccharide (CPS) and reacted with CRP (E. CPS-CRP) failed to adhere to B cells and displayed only minimal adherence to monocytes. However, upon the addition of absorbed C or purified C components these cells were found to possess the cleavage products C4b and C3b, which in turn resulted in attachment of these cells to both human B lymphocytes and peripheral blood monocytes. E. CPS-CRP treated with C in the absence of antibody were readily phagocytosized by glass-adherent human monocytes. The phagocytosis of E. CPS-CRP-C was not only mediated by CRP but also required the presence of CRP on the surface of the red cells. The extent of ingestion was proportional to the amount of CRP on the red cell intermediate and was reduced by blocking monocyte receptors with aggregated human γ-globulin (HGG) at concentrations which did not impair the uptake of other particles. The mediation by CRP of reactions of opsonic adherence and phagocytosis as outlined in these studies points to a significant role for CRP in reactions of host defense and inflammation.
Time-dependent ARMA modeling of nonstationary signals (1983)

Modeling of nonstationary signals can be achieved through time-dependent autoregressive moving-average models and lattices, by the use of a limited series expansion of the time-varying coefficients in the models. This method leads to an extension of several well-known techniques of stationary spectral estimation to the nonstationary case. Time-varying AR models are identified by means of a fast (Levinson) algorithm which is also suitable for the AR part of a mixed ARMA model. An alternative to this method is given by the extension of Cadzow's method. Lattices with time-dependent reflection coefficients are identified through an algorithm which is similar to Burg's. Finally, the Prony-Pisarenko estimator is adapted to this nonstationary context, the signal considered in this case being the output of a zero-input time-varying system corrupted by an additive white noise. In all these methods the estimation is global in the sense that the parameters are estimated over a time interval [0, T], given the observations [y <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> ... y <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> ]. The maximum likelihood method which falls within the same framework is also briefly studied in this paper. Simulations of these algorithms on chirp signals and on transitions between phonemes in speech conclude the paper.
Tissue factor and coronary artery disease (2002)

Plaque disruption with superimposed thrombosis is the main cause of acute coronary events such as acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina. Among other factors, tissue factor seems to play an important role determining plaque thrombogenicity. Tissue factor is a potent initiator of the coagulation cascade situated within the vessel wall and is highly exposed to the blood after plaque rupture. Several mediators involved in the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation are capable of inducing tissue factor expression in cells such as monocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells, which under normal conditions do not express tissue factor or to a limited extent only. The increased expression of tissue factor is not limited to the plaque but is also found in circulating monocytes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. In addition, studies have shown an important contribution of tissue factor in the pathogenesis of thrombosis and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. Recent basic studies focus on the therapeutic inhibition of tissue factor. Specific and non-specific inhibitors of tissue factor or the tissue factor/factor VIIa complex have been developed or identified, and have been tested in experimental studies. Clinical studies are currently being initiated. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the role of tissue factor in atherosclerosis, arterial intervention and potential pharmacological approaches, with focus on acute coronary syndromes.
Cell-permeable ceramide inhibits the growth of B lymphoma Raji cells lacking TNF-alpha-receptors by inducing G0/G1 arrest but not apoptosis: a new model for dissecting cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. (1996)

We examined the effects of a cell-permeable ceramide analog, C2-ceramide, on the growth of TNF-alpha-resistant B lymphoma Raji cells lacking TNF-alpha-receptors (TNF-R). C2-ceramide inhibited the clonal growth of not only TNF-alpha-sensitive myeloid leukemia cells (HL60 and U937) but also Raji cells. Following stimulation with C2-ceramide, HL60 and U937 cells showed apoptotic cell death, whereas Raji cells did not show a detectable level of apoptosis. However, a cell-cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase was observed in Raji cells after the treatment with C2-ceramide, which was accompanied by the dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma (RB) gene products and decreased expression of p53 proteins. Failure of C2-ceramide to induce apoptosis in Raji cells might be explained by the lack or low expression of apoptosis-inducing proteins by two lines of evidence: (1) Raji cells were resistant to apoptosis induced by ceramide even in the presence of transcription/translation inhibitors; (2) Bax protein expression was not detectable in Raji cells, although Bcl-2 protein expression in Raji cells was even less than that in HL60 and U937 cells. Moreover, protein kinase C (PKC), whose activation has been described to inhibit ceramide-induced apoptosis, inhibitor H-7 did not induce apoptotic cell death in Raji cells, suggesting that an imbalance between PKC and ceramide pathways is not the reason for the resistance of Raji cells against ceramide-induced apoptosis. Finally, ceramide-induced activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) was observed in Raji cells as well as HL60 cells, indicating that activation of this molecule may not be specific for apoptosis. By using the present model, one can dissect cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by ceramide.
Loxapine P-glycoprotein Interactions In Vitro (2012)

The antipsychotic drugs risperidone, paliperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, clozapine, haloperidol, and chlorpromazine have been reported to have various degrees of interaction (substrate or inhibitor) with the multidrug resistance transporter, P-glycoprotein (P-gp). An interaction of the antipsychotic drug loxapine with P-gp was recently reported, but an IC50 value was not determined. Loxapine (as the succinate salt) was evaluated as a P-gp substrate, and inhibitor of P-gp mediated transport of digoxin in vitro in Caco-2 cells. Loxapine was not a substrate for P-gp but did exhibit weak-to-moderate inhibition (IC50 = 9.1 μM). Since the typical steady state maximal plasma concentrations of loxapine in clinical use have been reported to be in the nanomolar range, pharmacokinetic interactions due to the inhibition of P-gp activity are not expected.
A Mobile-Based Computer Controller via Android Technology (2013)

The evolution of mobile devices, especially in these modern days, has drastically changed the face of business. A mobile phone device is often expected to offer co mputer-like functionality. These days, most mobile phone users find it somehow inconvenient to do some tasks using their computers. Most individuals prefer to change positions while sitting, stretching, and also feeling a bit more co mfortable when browsing through their co mputers. It can be very imp ractical to be confined to the keyboard and mouse while sitting 5 or 10 feet fro m the computer. Hence, the proposed application is meant to turn the hand phone into a wireless keyboard and mouse with a touch-pad, through the wireless network. Th is prototype is proven to be able to perform most of the actions a normal co mputer keyboard and mouse can perform.
Advanced Methods in Cellular Immunology (2000)

Immunologists as well investigators in other disciplines may often use protocols involving the isolation, cultures and characterization of different types of leukocytes. Advanced Methods in Cellular Immunology is a collection of techniques in an easy-to-use format.Each chapter provides readers with related program information, a step-by-step de
How the Autonomic Nervous System and Driving Style Change With Incremental Stressing Conditions During Simulated Driving (2014)

This paper reports on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) changes and driving style modifications as a response to incremental stressing level stimulation during simulated driving. Fifteen subjects performed a driving simulation experiment consisting of three driving sessions. Starting from a first session where participants performed a steady motorway driving, the experimental protocol includes two additional driving sessions with incremental stress load. More specifically, the first stressing load consists of randomly administering mechanical stimuli to the vehicle during a steady motorway driving by means of a series of sudden and unexpected skids, such as those produced by a strong wind gust. These skids were supposed to produce in the driver a given level of stress. In order to assess this mental workload, dedicated psychological tests were performed. The second stressing load implied an incremental psychological load, consisting of a battery of time pressing arithmetical questions, added to the mechanical stimuli. For the whole experimental session, the driver's physiological signals and the vehicle's mechanical parameters were recorded and analyzed. In this paper, the ANS changes were investigated in terms of heart rate variability, respiration activity, and electrodermal response along with mechanical information such as that coming from steering wheel angle corrections, velocity changes, and time responses. Results are satisfactory and promising. In particular, significant statistical differences were found among the three driving sessions with an increasing stress level both in ANS responses and mechanical parameter changes. In addition, a good recognition of these sessions was carried out by pattern classification algorithms achieving an accuracy greater than 90%.
Acyclic analogue of lipid A stimulates TNF- <i>alpha</i> and arachidonate release via a unique LPS-signaling pathway. (1994)

LPS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative bacterial sepsis. Despite intensive efforts to define the LPS-signal transduction pathway, CD14 is the sole molecule clearly demonstrated to possess signaling capabilities. However, it remains unclear whether CD14 is the only LPS-signaling molecule expressed in phagocytes and how CD14-mediated signaling occurs. Compound SDZ 280.961 is a synthetic triacylated amino acid that structurally resembles the reducing sugar moiety of lipid A. SDZ 280.961 effectively stimulated TNF-alpha release from human PBMC. Co-incubation of PBMC with the specific LPS inhibitor Rhodobacter sphaeroides lipid A inhibited SDZ 280.961-mediated stimulation of TNF-alpha release, indicating that this analogue signals mononuclear cells via a LPS-activated signaling pathway. Induction of TNF-alpha release from mononuclear cells by SDZ 280.961 was strongly dependent on the presence of serum and was enabled by the presence of purified LPS-binding protein, characteristics of CD14-mediated signaling. In contrast, SDZ 280.961-mediated signaling was not inhibited by blocking anti-CD14 mAbs. A Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast line transfected with human CD14, which responds to LPS in a manner qualitatively similar to that of macrophage cell lines, failed to respond to SDZ 280.961. Taken together, these data suggest that the lipid A analogue SDZ 280.961 activates monocytes via a unique LPS-signal transduction pathway that appears to be independent of CD14.
A new antibiotic, cypemycin. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological characteristics. (1993)

A new peptide antibiotic, cypemycin, with a molecular weight of 2,097 (M+H), was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. OH-4156. The antibiotic possesses cytocidal activity against P388 leukemia cells in vitro at a concentration of 1.3 microgram/ml (IC50 values), and the antibiotic showed antimicrobial activities against Micrococcus luteus (MIC, 0.2 microgram/ml).
Cystoscopy in Children: Indications for its Use in Common Urologic Problems (1979)

The use of cystoscopy in children as part of the routine urologic evaluation in 4 diagnostic categories is evaluated for its ability to provide significant data and influence the course of management and cost effectiveness. Records of patients with hematuria, voiding dysfunction, urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux were reviewed. Our analysis of these data suggests that this procedure has certain well defined indications. Its omission when these indications are not fulfilled presents the potential for considerable monetary savings without reduction in the quality of medical care.
Optical, Electrochemical and Hydrophilic Properties of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposite Films (2008)

The 5% Y2O3 doped TiO2 nanocomposite film (YTF) deposited on ITO glass substrate has been synthesized by the sol-gel dip-coating method. The as-synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), voltage-current (V-I), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) analysis technologies. The crystalline structure, surface morphology and surface chemical composition of YTF sample have been primarily investigated. The results demonstrate that YTF is anatase crystalline phase with thickness of 480 nm and consists of spherical shape particles with a grain size of about 15.8 nm. The binding energy appears as a chemical shift, and relatively more Y and Ti species are present on the surface, indicating that active surfaces of the nanocomposite film have been enhanced with more oxygen vacancies Vö due to doping Y2O3 to TiO2. The absorption edge of YTF has a red shift, and the optical properties of YTF in visible light region have been obviously improved. The water contact angle is about 8 degrees after daylight lamp irradiation 60 min. An equivalent circuit model provided a reliable description for the electrochemical systems. Based on the Mott-Schottky equation, the donor concentration (ND) for YTF is 1.05 x 10(20) cm(-3), which enhances 1 order of magnitude than that for pure TiO2 film (TF), the flat-band potential (V(fb)) and the space charge layer (d(sc)) obviously decreased. With the incorporation of Y2O3 into TiO2, the optical, electrochemical and photoinduced hydrophilic properties of YTF in visible light region have obviously improved, indicating that YTF shows promising applications in solar energy conversion, self-cleaning and other potential fields.
Ultrathin film, high specific power InP solar cells on flexible plastic substrates (2009)

We demonstrate ultrathin-film, single-crystal InP Schottky-type solar cells mounted on flexible plastic substrates. The lightly p-doped InP cell is grown epitaxially on an InP substrate via gas source molecular beam epitaxy. The InP substrate is removed via selective chemical wet-etching after the epitaxial layers are cold-welded to a 25 μm thick Kapton® sheet, followed by the deposition of an indium tin oxide top contact that forms the Schottky barrier with InP. The power conversion efficiency under 1 sun is 10.2±1.0%, and its specific power is 2.0±0.2 kW/kg. The ultrathin-film solar cells can tolerate both tensile and compressive stress by bending over a &lt;1 cm radius without damage.
Sources of unbounded priority inversions in real-time systems and a comparative study of possible solutions (1992)

In the design of real-time systems, tasks are often assigned priorities. Preemptive priority driven schedulers are used to schedule tasks to meet the timing requirements. Priority inversion is the term used to describe the situation when a higher priority task's execution is delayed by lower priority tasks. Priority inversion can occur when there is contention for resources among tasks of different priorities. The duration of priority inversion could be long enough to cause tasks to miss their deadlines. Priority inversion cannot be completely eliminated. However, it is important to identify sources of priority inversion and minimize the duration of priority inversion. IN the paper we present a comprehensive review of the problem of and solutions to unbounded priority inversion.
NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN PITYOPHTHORUS EICHHOFF: (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) (1964)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Neural net equalization for a magnetic recording channel (2002)

In this paper, we summarize some recent results on the use of neural net equalization in a magnetic recording channel using partial response signaling. Specifically, we compare the performance of various neural net equalizers to the performance of more conventional equalizer designs. The results, which were based on experimentally measured data (includes both known and unknown nonlinear channel characteristics), show that with respect to a mean square error performance metric, the neural net equalizer has significantly better performance than conventional designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Healing mechanisms in experimental aneurysms. I. Vascular smooth muscle cells and neointima formation. (1999)

Animals which heal poorly harbor a thin or deficient neointima at the neck of treated aneurysms. Favorable healing in porcine aneurysms involves VSMCs which form a thick neointima. These VSMCs can be cultured in vitro. They share similar outgrowth characteristics with VSMCs recovered after balloon angioplasty. The collagen sponge model may be useful to harvest cells for in vitro experimentation and in the in vivo evaluation of the local delivery of potential therapeutic molecules thought to improve healing following embolization of aneurysms.
Synthese von α,β-Dehydroaminosäureestern undN-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-α,β-dehydroaminosäuren (1976)

α,β-Dehydroaminosäuren (2) sind Komponenten antibiotisch wirkender Peptide. Ihre Synthese gelangt jetzt aus N-geschützten N-Chloraminosäuren (1), X  Cl, durch Dehydrochlorierung oder Methanolyse und basisch katalysierte Methanoleliminierung .
Advances in negative Poisson's ratio materials (1993)

Solids that become fatter in cross‐section when stretched are rare, but do exist. How such materials—which have a negative Poisson's ratio—can be created with specific properties, the implications of these unusual properties, and recent advances are discussed. The Figure shows an example of a negative Poisson's ratio structure with mechanical isotropy in two dimensions: the laminate of Milton. magnified image
Loop latency reduction technique for all-digital clock and data recovery circuits (2009)

This paper presents an all-digital implemented clock and data recovery circuit. To alleviate the instability contributed by the large latency of digital loop filter, the architecture of two integral paths is proposed in this work. The loop latency from the digital loop filter can be removing by introducing a high speed pre-accumulator cascaded by a low speed accumulator. It increases the phase margin and also improves the loop stability. A smaller proportional gain for the digital loop filter can be chosen without sacrificing the stability. Hence the jitter performance can be improved. The experimental chip occupies a chip area of 0.432 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in standard 0.18 ¿m CMOS technology. It consumes 23.4 mW from a 1.8 V supply and achieves a peak-to-peak jitter of 0.064 unit interval while operating at the bit rate of 1.25 Gb/s.
Sex-Linked Inheritance of the<i>lf</i>Locus in the Medaka Fish (Oryzias latipes) (1998)

The lf (leucophore free) locus was previously reported autosomal recessive in the medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). However, extensive linkage analyses in this study using various strains revealed that the lf locus was closely sex-linked. The recombination frequency between lf and the male determining factor (y) was 2.2% (10 recombinants out of 464 progeny). Because the lf/lf homozygous fish do not have visible leucophores, they are distinguishable from wild type in early developmental stages. In the Qurt strain with heterozygous sex chromosomes (X(lf)/X(lf) in females and X(lf)/Y(+) in males), we can predict sex of each embryo on second day after fertilization. The strain should be a very useful material for studying sex determination or differentiation mechanisms in the medaka fish.