gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inverse Design of Photonic Metasurface Gratings for Beam Collimation in Opto-fluidic Sensing (2019)

Metasurfaces provide the disruptive technology enabling miniaturization of complex cascades of optical elements on a plane. We leverage the benefits of such a surface to develop a planar integrated photonic beam collimator for on-chip optofluidic sensing applications. While most of the current work focuses on miniaturizing the optical "detection" hardware, little attention is given to develop on-chip hardware for optical "excitation". In this manuscript, we propose a flat metasurface for beam collimation in optofluidic applications. We implement an inverse design approach to optimize the metasurface using gradient descent method and experimentally compare its characteristics with conventional binary grating-based photonic beam diffractors. The proposed metasurface can enhance the illumination efficiency almost two times in on-chip applications such as fluorescence imaging, Raman and IR spectroscopy and can enable multiplexing of light sources for high throughput biosensing.
High-efficiency, low-leakage MOCVD-grown GaInAs/AlInAs heterojunction photodiodes for detection to 2.4μm (1986)

Photodiodes with a long-wavelength cutoff extending out to 2.4 μm have been fabricated from MOCVD-grown Ga0.28-In0 72As/Al0.28In0.72As heterostructures, using a compositionally graded buffer layer to accommodate the lattice mismatch between the active layer and the InP substrate. These devices exhibit peak efficiency as high as 95% at 1.8–2.2μm with dark currents as low as 35 nA at −0.5 V reverse bias.
Cahier d’illustrations (1997)

Dédicacede Jean-Baptiste Gindre de Mancy à Charles Weissdans Les échos du Jura, 1841cf. 21 janvier 1840 (p. 113) Besançon sous les romainscarte établie par Weiss et gravée par Jules Baron(Documents inédits..., t. 2, pl. 1, p. 235)cf. 10 septembre 1839 (p. 95) Besançon au 8e sièclecarte établie par Weiss et gravée par Jules Baron(Documents inédits..., t. 2, pl. 1, p. 235)cf. 10 septembre 1839 (p. 95) Besançon du 13e ai 17e sièclecarte établie par Weiss et gravée par Jules Baron(Documents in...
Nucleosides and nucleotides. LXVI Synthesis of 8,6'-cyclo-6'-deoxyhexofuranosyladenines : Adenosines fixed in an anti-conformation. (1986)

For studies of the conformation of nucleosides around the glycosyl linkages, the carbonbridged cycloadenosines, 8, 6'-cyclo-6'-deoxyallofuranosyladenine and its 5'-epimer, were synthesized by the following route. Treatment of N6-benzoyl-2', 3'-O-isopropylideneadenosine 5'-aldehyde (1) with dimethyloxosulfonium methylide afforded the 5', 6'-anhydrohexofuranosyladenine (2), which was treated with thiophenoxide to give the diastereomeric 6'-phenylthio derivatives (4). Photoirradiation of 4 followed by 5'-O-acetylation afforded 5'-O-acetyl-8, 6'-cyclo-6'-deoxy-hexofuranosyladenine derivatives (6b, 7b). Attempted synthesis of a 8, 7'-cyclo-heptofuranosyl derivative by way of photolysis of a 7'-phenylthio-heptofuranosyladenine resulted in the formation of 5', 6', 7'-trideoxy-2', 3'-O-isopropylidene-β-D-ribo-heptofuranosyladenine (11). The nature of the circular dichroism spectra of 6 and 7 is discussed.
Characterization of Argon Fast Atom Beam Source and Application to Mesa Etching Process for GaInP/GaAs Triple-Barrier Resonant Tunneling Diodes (2006)

Towards an application for the mesa etching process of semiconductor quantum devices, a saddle-field argon fast atom beam (FAB) source was characterized in terms of energy distribution spectra for residual ions and neutralization coefficient under various process conditions. The neutralization coefficient was evaluated to be in the order of 90% and slightly depended on operating parameters. It was confirmed that a small discharge current and a small discharge voltage contribute to obtaining a high neutralization efficiency. Argon FAB etching was performed to form a mesa structure of GaInP/GaAs triple-barrier resonant tunneling diodes (TBRTDs), and clear negative differential resistance characteristics were obtained with high yields. The FAB etching process also contributes to obtaining a low measured peak voltage in TBRTDs as compared with the case of wet etching.
Efficacy of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, screening and dilution in reducing the effects of mold contaminated corn in pigs (1993)

Corn naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON) (~ 15 mg DON kg −1 corn) replaced uncontaminated corn in corn-soybean meal diets fed ad libitum to piglets in a series of short-term trials. In a preliminary trial, inclusion of 72% mold-contaminated corn in a diet caused a severe reduction in growth rate. In trial two, 0.5% hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) was added to diets containing 50% and 25% contaminated corn. In trial three, 1% HSCAS was added to diets containing 50 and 25% contaminated corn. Trial four involved screening contaminated corn and incorporating the screened corn into a diet. Feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio were not reliable criteria due to excessive feed wastage by some pigs fed diets containing contaminated corn. The addition of HSCAS at either 0.5 or 1% did not influence average daily gain (ADG) of the pigs in these trials (P > 0.05). Screening did not improve ADG (P > 0.05) nor did it appreciably reduce the level of DON. In a sieving study, contaminated corn on the smallest screens had the highest DON levels but these screens removed only a small portion of the initial sample. Decreasing the level of the contaminated corn in the diets from 72 to 25% improved ADG (P < 0.05). Dilution of contaminated corn with uncontaminated corn was the only effective method of reducing the effect of DON in these trials. Key words: Deoxynivalenol, mold-contaminated corn, pigs
"Transverse" Acoustic Waves in Rigid Tubes (1938)

Recently considerable work has been done, both theoretical and experimental on the transmission of electromagnetic waves through dielectric wave guides and hollow metal tubes. An analogous phenomenon is the propagation of transverse acoustic waves in gaseous media confined by rigid cylindrical tubes. Apparatus and methods are described for the production of some of the lower ordered acoustic waves and measurements are made with a tube of circular section filled with air. Measured values of wave-length, threshold frequency, and pressure distribution for some of the possible harmonic wave types are found to be in excellent agreement with theoretical values. Absorption measurements by the standing wave method in which transverse waves are used are suggested.
Pharmacology of secoverine, a new spasmolytic agent with specific antimuscarinic properties. Part 1: Antimuscarinic and spasmolytic effects. (1980)

1-Cyclohexyl-4-[ethyl(p-methoxy-alpha-methylphenethyl)amino]-1-butanone hydrochloride (secoverine hydrochloride) is a neurotropic spasmolytic agent with specific antimuscarinic properties. On the basis of the results obtained, the possibility exists that secoverine acts only a sub-group of muscarinic receptors. 1. In in vitro experiments the competitive antagonism of secoverine against muscarinomimetics was demonstrated on guinea pig ileum, rat jejunum and calif trachea smooth muscle. On the basis of the mean difference of the pA2 values and in accordance with the relative activity as determined by 4-point assays, it may be concluded that secoverine is about 0.6 times as active as atropine. 2. In in vivo experiments the antimuscarinic activity of secoverine on ileum of guinea pig, rat and dog proved to be 0.6 times of atropine, by both parenteral and intraduodenal routes of administration. It was shown that the action of secoverine was reversible, of quick onset and of long duration. 3. By contrast, secoverine had only marginal effects on the sphincter and ciliary muscle of the eye, almost no effect on cholinergically-induced salivation and lacrimation, gastric acid production, urinary bladder function, gastric emptying or normal peristalsis. 4. The central anticholinergic activity was more in accordance with the activity found in the spasmolytic tests. 5. Apart from the neurotropic action, secoverine has also a good musculotropic activity as was found in in vivo and in vitro experiments. The activity varied from 3.3--13.3 times that of papaverine in the different organs investigated. The musculotropic activity is not caused by a specific, verapamil-like, calcium antagonism. 6. Secoverine has no nicotinolytic or antihistaminic activity, a moderate antisterotonic activity, an inhibiting effect on the noradrenaline uptake mechanism of the vas deferens and a marked local anaesthetic activity.
Staining With Basic Fuchsin (1983)

If basic fuchsin is used in acid-fast, Taylor bacterial, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains, it makes little difference whether the basic fuchsin is pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II, new fuchsin, or combinations thereof. However, only pararosanilin at 50% or greater dye content is satisfactory in the aldehyde fuchsin methods. New fuchsin is of no value in either aldehyde fuchsin or Feulgen staining methods, but does work well in the bacterial and PAS procedures.
160-GHz to 1-THz Multi-Color Active Imaging With a Lens-Coupled SiGe HBT Chip-Set (2015)

This paper presents the concept and implementation of an active all-electronic terahertz multi-color imager with the functionality demonstrated in the frequency range of 160 GHz-1 THz. The proposed terahertz system is realized in the form of two independent highly integrated low-cost transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) modules. Each module consists of a single silicon die with a silicon lens-coupled ultra-wideband on-chip antenna and is assembled onto a low-cost FR-4 printed circuit board using traditional wire-bonding. The chip-set is implemented in a 0.25 μm SiGe HBT BiCMOS process with fT/fmax of 280/435 GHz. The main Tx path is composed of an antenna-coupled harmonic generator and is driven by a × 9 multiplier chain fed from an external reference signal centered around 17-18 GHz. Four identical Tx paths are spatially combined on a single chip to increase the output power. The Rx chip shows a 2 × 2 arrangement of identical antenna-coupled broadband sub-harmonic mixers driven by a single × 9 multiplier chain; similar to that from the Tx circuit. The system operates simultaneously at six harmonics being multiple numbers of 165 GHz. The signal-to-noise ratio in transmission-mode active imaging with a 1-Hz resolution bandwidth is 90 dB for 165-GHz band, 115 dB for 330- and 495-GHz bands, 95 dB for 660- and 820-GHz bands, and 70 dB for 990-GHz band.
TREECHOP: A Tree-based Query-able Compressor for XML (2005)

XML is a popular meta-language that facilitates the interchange and access of data. However, XML&apos;s verbose nature may increase the size of a data set as much as ten-fold. In this paper, we present a novel technique for lossless XML compression, called TREECHOP, which supports querying of compressed XML data without requiring full decompression. Unlike other query-capable XML compression schemes, TREECHOP requires only a single pass over the input document during the compression process, resulting in an efficient, online operation that is well-suited for transmission of compressed XML documents over a network. 1
Nuclear envelope rupture and repair during cancer cell migration (2016)

During cancer metastasis, tumor cells penetrate tissues through tight interstitial spaces, which requires extensive deformation of the cell and its nucleus. Here, we investigated mammalian tumor cell migration in confining microenvironments in vitro and in vivo. Nuclear deformation caused localized loss of nuclear envelope (NE) integrity, which led to the uncontrolled exchange of nucleo-cytoplasmic content, herniation of chromatin across the NE, and DNA damage. The incidence of NE rupture increased with cell confinement and with depletion of nuclear lamins, NE proteins that structurally support the nucleus. Cells restored NE integrity using components of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport III (ESCRT III) machinery. Our findings indicate that cell migration incurs substantial physical stress on the NE and its content and requires efficient NE and DNA damage repair for cell survival.
Electroplating of Amorphous Aluminum-Manganese Alloy from Molten Salts. (1993)

Although molten salt electroplating presents an innovative method for deveioping new pre-coated steels, there has been little commercial exploitation because of powdery and/or dendritic deposits. In this study, the e[ectroplating of Al-based metals, especially Al-Mn a[loy on steel sheets from AIC13-NaCl-KCI molten salt electrolyte is focused. High speed fluid flow of molten salts and co-deposition of Mn with Al were found to be most effective to generate smooth-faced Al-based deposits at high current density, It is of great interest that Al-Mn alloy deposits with amorphousstructure exhibited ultta-smooth lustrous appearance.
Metal-semiconductor transition in single crystal hexagonal nickel sulphide (1971)

Hexagonal nickel sulphide shows a metal to semiconductor first order phase transition at a temperature TN which depends on sulphur content. Thermoelectric power, conductivity, Hall and magnetic susceptibility measurements have been made on five single crystals of compositions ranging from NiS-NiS1.02 in the temperature range 82-300 K. The results suggest that below TN the Ni 3d states are essentially localized or form a narrow band. The predominant mechanism of conduction is by holes in a wide band. The discontinuity in conductivity at TN is most likely due primarily to a change in mobility. Impurity band conduction occurs at low temperatures. The susceptibility curves have a markedly different shape from that normally expected for an antiferromagnet. This results from the first order character of the phase transition at TN.
Hepatitis C Virus NS3 ATPases/Helicases from Different Genotypes Exhibit Variations in Enzymatic Properties (2003)

The NS3 ATPase/helicase was isolated and characterized from three different infectious clones of hepatitis C virus (HCV). One helicase was from a genotype that normally responds to therapy (Hel-2a), and the other two were from more resistant genotypes, 1a (Hel-1a) and 1b (Hel-1b). Although the differences among these helicases are generally minor, all three enzymes have distinct properties. Hel-1a is less selective for nucleoside triphosphates, Hel-1b hydrolyzes nucleoside triphosphates less rapidly, and Hel-2a unwinds DNA more rapidly and binds DNA more tightly than the other two enzymes. Unlike related proteins, different nucleic acid sequences stimulate ATP hydrolysis by HCV helicase at different maximum rates and with different apparent efficiencies. This nucleic acid stimulation profile is conserved among the enzymes, but it does not result entirely from differential DNA-binding affinities. Although the amino acid sequences of the three proteins differ by up to 15%, one variant amino acid that is critical for helicase action was identified. NS3 residue 450 is a threonine in Hel-1a and Hel-1b and is an isoleucine in Hel-2a. A mutant Hel-1a with an isoleucine substituted for threonine 450 unwinds DNA more rapidly and binds DNA more tightly than the parent protein.
Early necrosis and apoptosis of Schwann cells transplanted into the injured rat spinal cord (2007)

Poor survival of cells transplanted into the CNS is a widespread problem and limits their therapeutic potential. Whereas substantial loss of transplanted cells has been described, the extent of acute cell loss has not been quantified previously. To assess the extent and temporal profile of transplanted cell death, and the contributions of necrosis and apoptosis to this cell death following spinal cord injury, different concentrations of Schwann cells (SCs), lentivirally transduced to express green fluorescent protein (GFP), were transplanted into a 1-week-old moderate contusion of the adult rat thoracic spinal cord. In all cases, transplanted cells were present from 10 min to 28 days. There was a 78% reduction in SC number within the first week, with no significant decrease thereafter. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed a similar 80% reduction in GFP-DNA within the first week, confirming that the decrease in SC number was due to death rather than decreased GFP transgene expression. Cells undergoing necrosis and apoptosis were identified using antibodies against the calpain-mediated fodrin breakdown product and activated caspase 3, respectively, as well as ultrastructurally. Six times more SCs died during the first week after transplantation by necrosis than apoptosis, with the majority of cell death occurring within the first 24 h. The early death of transplanted SCs indicates that factors present, even 1 week after a moderate contusion, are capable of inducing substantial transplanted cell death. Intervention by strategies that limit necrosis and/or apoptosis should be considered for enhancing acute survival of transplanted cells.
Establishment of the Steady State in Glucose-limited Chemostat Cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae (1987)

To investigate the relationship between growth rate and concentration of the nutrient that limits growth, 'Klebsiella aerogenes' NCTC 418 (K. pneumoniae) was grown in a glucose-limited chemostat. The actual time required to establish a steady-state glucose concentration exceeded that expected theoretically. Apparently, there is a long-term adaptation of the cells to nutrient limitation. As yet, it is not clear whether this has a phenotypic or genetic origin. In the final steady state, the dependence of the growth rate on glucose concentration could be mathematically described equally well by a hyperbolic and by a logarithmic function.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of the Marine Pyrroloiminoquinone Makaluvamines (2016)

Makaluvamines are pyrroloiminoquinones isolated from <i>Zyzzya</i> sponges. Until now, they have been described as topoisomerase II inhibitors with cytotoxic effects in diverse tumor cell lines. In the present work, seven makaluvamines were tested in several antioxidant assays in primary cortical neurons and neuroblastoma cells. Among the alkaloids studied, makaluvamine J was the most active in all the assays. This compound was able to reduce the mitochondrial damage elicited by the well-known stressor H₂O₂. The antioxidant properties of makaluvamine J are related to an improvement of the endogenous antioxidant defenses of glutathione and catalase. SHSY5Y assays proved that this compound acts as a Nrf2 activator leading to an improvement of antioxidant defenses. A low concentration of 10 nM is able to reduce the reactive oxygen species release and maintain a correct mitochondrial function. Based on these results, non-substituted nitrogen in the pyrrole plus the presence of a <i>p</i>-hydroxystyryl without a double bond seems to be the most active structure with a complete antioxidant effect in neuronal cells.
High performance aliphatic-heterocyclic benzyl-quaternary ammonium radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes (2016)

High performance benzylpyrrolidinium anion-exchange membrane.
Synthesis of resole‐type phenolic beads from phenol and formaldehyde by suspension polymerization technique (2009)

Abstract The phenolic beads (PB) in macrosize range were obtained by mixing phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of basic catalyst by suspension polymerization. In this reaction, the triethylamine (TEA), poly(vinyl alcohol), and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) were used as initiator, stabilizer, and crosslinking agent, respectively. The resulting PB within size range 0.1–2.0 mm was obtained in this polymerization reaction, carried out at temperature 96°C ± 1°C with agitation rate 475 rpm for 4 h. The effects of different variables such as, formaldehyde to phenol ratio ( F / P ) by mole, initiator concentration, concentration of crosslinking agent, and temperature on the particle sizes of PB and its formation were investigated. The particle size and its distribution were shown to be dependent on the F / P ratio, initiator concentration, and temperature. The average particle size of PB increased with increasing F / P ratio by mole in the reaction mixture. The average particle size of PB decreased with increasing TEA concentration. The particle size distribution of PB became narrow in size range 0.9–1.3 mm with 86% of yield of 1.0% by weight. As far as the crosslinking is concerned, the uncured phenolic resin was formed in the reaction solution when the reaction was performed in the absence of HMTA at 96°C ± 1°C for 4 h. The amount cured PB formed increased with increase in the concentration of HMTA. The surface morphology, shape and size of PB were studied using scanning electron microscopy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A hierarchical multiresolution registration structure for mobility tracking (2002)

The problem of locating mobile users through location registration and paging is considered. A new class of registration schemes are proposed. In these schemes overlapping registration areas of various sizes are allowed. Depending on the degree of overlap, the performance of the registration scheme may range from that of the static strategy based on disjoint registration areas (used in IS-41 and GSM), to that of the dynamic distance based location update strategies. The latter achieve significantly better trade-offs between paging and registration rates than the static strategy. The availability of various registration area sizes allow the mobile to pick the one that fits better to its call/mobility pattern. An algorithm is obtained which given an heterogenous mobile population with a variety of call/mobility patterns and a registration scheme, determines an allocation of mobiles to registration areas such that the resulting aggregate registration and paging rates are below certain target values, whenever the target values are achievable. The proposed class of registration schemes are amenable to a static implementation with minimal processing requirements at the mobile terminal of the same levels as in the mobility management schemes in IS-4 and GSM, while they may achieve performance equivalent to dynamic location update strategies.
Expression of c-myc, c-Ha-ras1, and c-erbB-2 Proto-oncogenes in Normal and Malignant Human Breast Epithelial Cells (1989)

Short-term cultures of normal human mammary epithelial cells were used to determine the extent to which c-myc, c-Ha-ras1, and c-erbB-2 proto-oncogenes were expressed in proliferating normal cells. This level of expression was compared with that of primary tumor cells, malignant effusion cells, or permanently established breast cancer cell lines. Pure preparations of epithelial organoids from seven different reduction mammoplasty tissue samples yielded proliferating normal epithelial cells upon short-term tissue culture. In every sample, proto-oncogene transcript levels increased upon short-term culture of the epithelial cells. These levels often exceeded by 10-fold the levels measured in uncultured organoids from the same tissue. In four of the seven cultured normal breast samples, at least one of the proto-oncogenes increased its expression to a level equaling or exceeding that found in a proliferating breast cancer cell line, MCF7. One effusion metastasis sample and two primary ductal adenocarcinomas were also examined for proto-oncogene expression. The effusion metastasis sample expressed high levels of c-erbB-2 messenger RNA, in accord with its amplified gene copy number; otherwise, the levels of proto-oncogene transcripts were low in unprocessed tumor and uncultured organoids, but they increased with proliferation of the tumor cells in culture. These results indicate that the variable expression of these proto-oncogenes observed in breast biopsy specimens needs to be controlled for cellular growth rate or proliferation index. Furthermore, these findings suggest that dysregulated proto-oncogene expression, rather than overexpression per se, needs to be evaluated as a possible mechanism contributing to the development of human breast cancer.