gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunopotentiation of Anti‐Viral and Anti‐Tumor Immune Responses Using Anti‐T Cell Receptor Antibodies and Mitogens<sup>a</sup> (1991)

Although the immunosuppressive properties of anti-CD3 mAbs are now widely recognized, we have accumulated data characterizing the T cell activating properties of these antibodies. While in some situations these activating properties may be viewed as unwanted side-effects (for instance OKT3-mediated T cell activation may be responsible for some of the first dose toxicity seen with patients receiving OKT3 for suppression of allograft rejection), we have shown that anti-CD3 mAb therapy can augment host immune responses and provide protection against some tumors and viral infections. Importantly, this augmented response allows the development of long term, specific immunity. Because the immunosuppressive and activating properties of anti-CD3 mAbs are so closely overlapping, we have sought to identify other agents that are capable of activating T cell subsets selectively. We have found that SEB activates T cell subsets selectively in vivo and that this activation can be exploited to prevent the outgrowth of a malignant murine tumor. Studies currently in progress, including phenotypic and functional analysis of TILs and in vivo T cell subset depletions, should result in a more precise understanding of how SEB-induced T cell activation inhibits tumor growth.
Speech processing in the Pan-European digital cellular mobile telephone system (1988)

The author gives an overview of the speech processing functions required in the Pan-European system, discussing the algorithms which have been adopted, and how they were chosen. The speech codec is described, and comfort noise is explained. Lost frame substitution is also outlined. >
High-Q concentrated directional emission from egg-shaped asymmetric resonant cavities (2001)

We propose the use of egg-shaped asymmetric resonant cavities (ARCs), each of which consists of a half-circular part and a half-deformed part, as promising candidates in obtaining desirable whispering-gallery-mode resonances. According to numerical analysis based on a ray-optics model, more than an order-of-magnitude higher Q and more-concentrated emission from the tip of the egg region were obtained for egg-shaped ARCs than for the previously studied quadrupolar ARCs.
Homocysteine-Lowering by B Vitamins Slows the Rate of Accelerated Brain Atrophy in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2010)

Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN94410159.
Vibrational density of states in silicon carbide nanoparticles: experiments and numerical simulations (2005)

International audience
The adjuvant activity of lactoferrin in the generation of DTH to ovalbumin can be inhibited by bovine serum albumin bearing alpha-D-mannopyranosyl residues. (2002)

Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein present in the cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils and in external secretions of mammals. Although the biological role of human and bovine lactoferrin has been extensively studied, there is still uncertainty as to the nature and function of lactoferrin receptors. We recently determined that methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside given intraperitoneally (i.p.) could suppress the adjuvant activity of LF in the generation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to ovalbumin (OVA). We concluded that the lactoferrin effects in DTH are mediated by carbohydrate-recognizing receptors like the mannose receptor (MR). This study indicates that subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of very small doses of the Man-bovine serum albumin (Man-BSA) complex, together with a sensitizing dose of the antigen, gives the same effects as i.p. administration of methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside. The latter is also a blocker of MR, although of a much lower affinity to the receptor than Man-BSA. The blocking of the adjuvant effect of LF by the Man-BSA complex (when given together with the sensitising dose of antigen) suggests that the function of antigen-presenting cells in the skin (presumably immature dendritic cells expressing MR) is inhibited. The results of our study indicate that a receptor with an affinity for mannose is essential for the mediation of adjuvant lactoferrin function in the generation of DTH.
Substituted ammonium carbamates from α,β‐diarylethylamines (1949)

Abstract Two new compounds believed to be substituted ammonium carbamates have been prepared by reacting α,β‐diphenylethylamine and α‐(4‐methoxy‐phenyl)‐β‐phenylethylamine with carbon dioxide.
Utilization of transferrin-bound iron by Haemophilus species of human and porcine origins (1989)

Haemophilus influenzae and H. Haemolyticus acquired iron bound to human transferrin but not to human lactoferrin, ovo- or porcine transferrins. Conversely the swine pathogens H. pleuropneumoniae and H. parasuis used iron bound only to porcine transferrin. Growth under conditions of iron deprivatio induced the production of siderophores and iron-repressible outer membrane proteins in H. parainfleunzae, H. paraphrophilus and H. parasuis but not in H. influenzae, H. haemolyticus or H. pleurophneumoniae. The latter 3 Haemophilus species appear to sequester transferrin bound iron via a siderophore-independent mechanism. However, the ability to produce iron chelating compounds did not enable H. parainfluenzae or H. paraphrophilus to utilize transferin bound iron.
State-of-the-Art Report on Design for Manufacturing (1999)

Abstract Often the designer has insufficient information and knowledge to effectively consider manufacturability aspects of the product design. To improve the efficiency of the product realisation process, i.e. to save time and costs, Design for Manufacturing-support must be offered in an effective way. Elements of DFM that must be considered for DFM support are identified in this literature study. The key towards effective computer based DFM support is integration of these elements, for which an architecture is proposed in this paper.
Japanese Abbreviation Expansion with Query and Clickthrough Logs (2011)

A novel reranking method has been developed to refine web search queries. A label propagation algorithm was applied on a clickthrough graph, and the candidates were reranked using a query language model. Our method first enumerates query candidates with common landing pages with regard to the given query to create a clickthrough graph. Second, it calculates the likelihood of the candidates, using a language model generated from web search query logs. Finally, the candidates are sorted by the score calculated from the likelihood and label propagation. As a result, high precision and coverage were achieved in the task of Japanese abbreviation expansion, without using handcrafted training data.
Photoisomerization and Fluorescence of Chromophores Built into the Backbones of Flexible Polymer Chains (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoisomerization and Fluorescence of Chromophores Built into the Backbones of Flexible Polymer ChainsDavid Ta-Li Chen and Herbert MorawetzCite this: Macromolecules 1976, 9, 3, 463–468Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60051a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60051a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in environmental biology: a review (2019)

Abstract Acquiring information about the environment is a key step during each study in the field of environmental biology at different levels, from an individual species to community and biome. However, obtaining information about the environment is frequently difficult because of, for example, the phenological timing, spatial distribution of a species or limited accessibility of a particular area for the field survey. Moreover, remote sensing technology, which enables the observation of the Earth’s surface and is currently very common in environmental research, has many limitations such as insufficient spatial, spectral and temporal resolution and a high cost of data acquisition. Since the 1990s, researchers have been exploring the potential of different types of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for monitoring Earth’s surface. The present study reviews recent scientific literature dealing with the use of UAV in environmental biology. Amongst numerous papers, short communications and conference abstracts, we selected 110 original studies of how UAVs can be used in environmental biology and which organisms can be studied in this manner. Most of these studies concerned the use of UAV to measure the vegetation parameters such as crown height, volume, number of individuals (14 studies) and quantification of the spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation changes (12 studies). UAVs were also frequently applied to count birds and mammals, especially those living in the water. Generally, the analytical part of the present study was divided into following sections: (1) detecting, assessing and predicting threats on vegetation, (2) measuring the biophysical parameters of vegetation, (3) quantifying the dynamics of changes in plants and habitats and (4) population and behaviour studies of animals. At the end, we also synthesised all the information showing, amongst others, the advances in environmental biology because of UAV application. Considering that 33% of studies found and included in this review were published in 2017 and 2018, it is expected that the number and variety of applications of UAVs in environmental biology will increase in the future.
mass spectrometry of nucleosides and nucleic acids Joseph H. Banoub and Patrick A. Limbach, authors (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook Reviewmass spectrometry of nucleosides and nucleic acids Joseph H. Banoub and Patrick A. Limbach, authorsDian SuDian SuBiological Separations & Mass Spectrometry Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 99352, Richland, WA, USAMore by Dian SuCite this: J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2010, 21, 12, R1–R2Publication Date (Web):February 25, 2011Publication History Published online25 February 2011Published inissue 1 December 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1016/j.jasms.2010.08.012https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2010.08.012book-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 © American Society for Mass Spectrometry 2010Request reuse permissionsArticle Views13Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Interstitial fluid pressure in soft tissue as a result of an externally applied contact pressure (2007)

Manipulation of interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) has a clinical potential when used in conjunction with near-infrared spectroscopy for the detection of breast cancer. In order to better interpret how the applied pressure alters the vascular space and interstitial water volumes in breast tissue, a study on tissue-mimicking, gelatin phantoms was carried out to mimic the translation of external force into internal pressures. A complete set of three-dimensional (3D) pressure maps were obtained for the interior volumes of phantoms as an external force of 10 mmHg was applied, using mixtures of elastic moduli 19 and 33 kPa to simulate adipose and fibroglandular values of breast tissue. Corresponding linear elastic finite element analysis (FEA) cases were formulated. Shear stress, nonlinear mechanical properties, gravity and tissue geometry were all observed to contribute to internal pressure distribution, with surface shear stresses increasing internal pressures near the surface to greater than twice the applied external pressure. Average pressures by depth were predicted by the linear elastic FEA models. FEA models were run for cases mimicking a 93 kPa tumor inclusion within regions of adipose, fibroglandular tissue, and a composite of the two tissue types to illustrate the localized high fluid pressures caused by a tumor when an external force is applied. The conclusion was that external contact forces can generate potentially clinically useful fluid pressure magnitudes in regions of sharp effective elastic modulus gradients, such as tumor boundaries.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase by heme and synthetic heme analogs. (1996)

Heme and a series of synthetic heme analogs were tested for inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) activity. Heme and the protoporphyrin complexes of cadmium, magnesium, and tin significantly inhibited HIV-1 RT, whereas other metalloporphyrins had a lesser or no effect on the enzyme. The mechanism of inhibition was examined with respect to heme and tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), as both compounds have been utilized clinically as treatment for noninfectious disorders. Heme and SnPP inhibited HIV-1 RT in a noncompetitive manner with respect to deoxythymidine triphosphate. Inhibition depended in part on the protoporphyrin structure, because the mesoderivatives of the heme analogs essentially were without effect. Heme also markedly enhanced the inhibitory effect of azidothymidine (zidovudine, AZT) on HIV-1 RT, and the combination of the two compounds showed synergy in inhibiting HIV-1 RT. HIV-1 RT was used to reverse transcribe the glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene from human kidney. Subsequently, GAPDH cDNA was amplified with Taq polymerase, and electrophoresis showed that HIV-1 RT catalyzed the reverse transcription of human mRNA at a rate comparable to that of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Heme and SnPP prevented cDNA synthesis by HIV-1 RT in this RT-polymerase chain reaction assay. We also examined the effects of these compounds on normal human bone marrow function. Heme stimulated both erythroid and myeloid progenitor colony formation, whereas SnPP was essentially without effect. In contrast, ZnPP had a suppressive effect on hematopoiesis. Finally, we show that heme has a sparing effect against the myelotoxicity of AZT. The results of these studies raise the possibility that combination therapy with AZT and heme, or heme plus an inhibitor of heme catabolism, might have therapeutic potential in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Prospects for the Therapeutic Application of Lentivirus-Based Gene Therapy to HIV-1 Infection (2008)

Highly active antiretroviral therapy is not sufficient to fully control HIV replication and problems of side effects and escape mutation have emerged. Current prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine strategies appear to be unable to confer full protection. However, given the rapid recent progress made in RNA interference and lentivirus technologies, it may soon be possible to develop effective gene therapies against HIV infection. We describe here the recent progress made in the lentivirus-based HIV-1-targeting RNAi system and the possibility that this system can be used to generate an anti-HIV-1 gene therapy. We speculate that this system would be most useful if it would be used in a coordinated manner with vaccines that can initiate and maintain potent anti-HIV immunity.
Understanding and Predicting Graded Search Satisfaction (2015)

Understanding and estimating satisfaction with search engines is an important aspect of evaluating retrieval performance. Research to date has modeled and predicted search satisfaction on a binary scale, i.e., the searchers are either satisfied or dissatisfied with their search outcome. However, users' search experience is a complex construct and there are different degrees of satisfaction. As such, binary classification of satisfaction may be limiting. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to study the problem of understanding and predicting graded (multi-level) search satisfaction. We ex-amine sessions mined from search engine logs, where searcher satisfaction was also assessed on multi-point scale by human annotators. Leveraging these search log data, we observe rich and non-monotonous changes in search behavior in sessions with different degrees of satisfaction. The findings suggest that we should predict finer-grained satisfaction levels. To address this issue, we model search satisfaction using features indicating search outcome, search effort, and changes in both outcome and effort during a session. We show that our approach can predict subtle changes in search satisfaction more accurately than state-of-the-art methods, affording greater insight into search satisfaction. The strong performance of our models has implications for search providers seeking to accu-rately measure satisfaction with their services.
Fiscal Stress, Competing Values and Municipal Governance: What Fate Befell Affirmative Action in Municipal Police Departments? (1986)

The late 1970s and early 1980s represent a difficult period for affirmative action programs in American cities. Given a new, conservative political environment symbolized by the re-election of Ronald Reagan and the advent of serious fiscal constraints facing many cities, is it reasonable to expect continuing progress toward representative workforces in municipal governments? This article investigates this question using data gathered from repeated surveys of over 250 municipal police departments in major U.S. cities over the period 1981 to 1984. Findings observed suggest that although minorities made sufficient gains in these years to constitute a firm foothold for future progress, women are likely to have a long and difficult road ahead with respect to their full incorporation into municipal law enforcement.
Reduction of Schottky Reverse Leakage Current Using GaAs Surface Cleaning with UVO<sub>3</sub> Treatment (1999)

A GaAs surface-cleaning method using UVO 3 treatment was developed. The UVO 3 treatment involves two processes: GaAs surface oxidation and oxide removal. Surface oxidation is performed by using a mercury lamp at high temperature, such as 180°C. GaAs oxide is removed by NH 4 OH solution dipping. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study showed that thermally unstable As oxides exist on a non-treated surface; however, surface GaAs oxides are almost completely removed by this treatment. This cleaning method was applied in the field effect transistor (FET)-gate-formation process and, consequently, Schottky leakage current was significantly reduced.
Statistical entity-topic models (2006)

The primary purpose of news articles is to convey information about who, what, when and where. But learning and summarizing these relationships for collections of thousands to millions of articles is difficult. While statistical topic models have been highly successful at topically summarizing huge collections of text documents, they do not explicitly address the textual interactions between who/where, i.e. named entities (persons, organizations, locations) and what, i.e. the topics. We present new graphical models that directly learn the relationship between topics discussed in news articles and entities mentioned in each article. We show how these entity-topic models, through a better understanding of the entity-topic relationships, are better at making predictions about entities.
IL-10 inhibits prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes (1994)

Since IL-10 has recently been shown to exhibit pleiotropic effects on human monocytes, it was of interest to determine the effect of this cytokine on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by monocytes. Recombinant IL-10 (rIL-10) did not significantly affect PGE2 production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-unstimulated monocytes, but efficiently inhibited PGE2 production by LPS-stimulated monocytes. The inhibition by rIL-10 was achieved in a dose-dependent manner. Recombinant IL-4 also inhibited PGE2 production at the same degree as rIL-10. Viral IL-10 inhibited PGE2 production by monocytes in a similar fashion as did human rIL-10. Endogenously produced IL-10 was also shown to inhibit PGE2 production by LPS-stimulated monocytes. Kinetic studies showed that the inhibition by rIL-10 on PGE2 production was observed at least 3 h after LPS stimulation. Taken together, these results indicate that IL-10 may play an important role in modulating immunological responses via down-regulation of PGE2 production by monocytes.
Phosphor-free white light-emitting diode with laterally distributed multiple quantum wells (2008)

A phosphor-free white light-emitting diode (LED) was fabricated with laterally distributed blue and green InGaN∕GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown by a selective area growth method. Photoluminescence and electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the LED showed emission peaks corresponding to the individual blue and green MQWs. The integrated EL intensity ratio of green to blue emission varied from 2.5 to 6.5 with the injection current below 300mA, but remained constant at high injection currents above 300mA. The stability of the emission color at high currents is attributed to parallel carrier injection into both MQWs.