gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of histoplasmosis. (2002)

Histoplasmosis is an endemic infection in most of the United States and can be found worldwide. The spectrum of this illness ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe disseminated disease. Life-threatening illness is usually associated with an immunocompromised state; however, 20 percent of severe illnesses result from a heavy inoculum in healthy persons. Culture remains the gold standard for diagnosis but requires a lengthy incubation period. Fungal staining produces quicker results than culture but is less sensitive. Testing for antigen and antibodies is rapid and sensitive when used for particular disease presentations. An advantage of antigen detection is its usefulness in monitoring disease therapy. Antifungal therapy is indicated in chronic or disseminated disease and severe, acute infection. Amphotericin B is the agent of choice in severe cases; however, patients must be monitored for nephrotoxicity and hypokalemia. Itraconazole is effective in moderate disease and is well tolerated, even with long-term use. Hepatotoxicity, the most severe adverse effect of itraconazole, is uncommon and usually transient.
D. J. Hayes Texas Instruments Incorporated, Dallas, Texas 75246 (1979)

Single chip bubble memory packages are currently in production of Texas Instruments. The mechanical configuration of the packages and some of the assembly techniques will be shown in this paper. Thermal characteristics and magnetic shielding characteristics will be discussed to indicate the type of testing that is required to design an acceptable package. Finally environmental test results will be presented. I. INTRODUCTION Since the first quarter of 1979 a 92K Bubble Memory Package has been in production at Texas Instruments. This paper will discuss the design of the package, the manufacturing techniques, and the characterization of the package components. The basic techniques described cal characterization of the 92K (major minor) and 254K in this paper also apply to our 254K product. Electri(block replicate) devices has been presented previously '3' and will not be covered in this paper. An exploded view of the package is shown in Figure 1. The basic components of this package are similar to those used in most bubble memory packages. An interconnect supports the chip and electrically connects it to the outside world, a set of orthogonal coils supplies the drive fields, and a magnet structure supplies the bias field and shielding. The molded subassembly in Figure 1 contains the bubble memory chip and a three layer kapton interconnect. This will be discussed in detail in a later section. The molded part is E shaped to allow for the coils to fit in a way that minimizes the coil volume and area. The bias structure consists of a permalloy shield with two barium ferrite magnets and two silicon-steel plates. The function of the silicon-steel plates is to make the bias field more homogeneous. With this brief overview of a package in mind, the next section will discuss the inputs necessary to define a package. Then the manufacturing flow and the package description will be covered. The third section will cover the characterization of some of the package components. Some reliability data will be presented in the final section.
Abstract 19050: Inhibition of CaMKII blocks Inducible Ventricular Tachycardia/Fibrillation and Triggered Activity in a Canine Model of Myocardial Ischemia (2014)

Introduction: Ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF) of focal origin due to triggered activity (TA) from delayed afterdepolarizations is reproducibly inducible after anterior coronary artery occlusion in the dog. Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII) has been implicated in arrhythmias in small animal models. Here, we investigated the effect of inhibition of CaMKII on inducible VT/VF in our model. Methods: 25 chloralose anesthetized dogs received either an inhibitor of CaMKII, KN-93 at 2 mcg/kg IV, or saline for time controls. Endocardium from ischemic sites (3-D mapping utilizing customized Matlab 7.11 software) was sampled for oxidized CaMKII or studied in vitro with standard microelectrode techniques. Results (mean ± SE, *=p Conclusion: In ischemic VT/VF, KN-93 specifically blocked all inducible focal VT/VF due to TA without evidence of conduction or refractory period change in our large animal model of ischemia.
Object oriented reuse: experience in developing a framework for speech recognition applications (1998)

The development of highly interactive software systems with complex user interfaces has become increasingly common, where prototypes are often used as a vehicle for demonstrating visions of innovative systems. Given this trend, it is important for new technology to be based on flexible architectures that do not mandate the understanding of all complexities inherent in a system. In this context, we share our experience with developing an object oriented framework for a specific new technology, i.e. speech recognition. We describe the benefits of the object oriented paradigm rich with design patterns, which provide a natural way to model complex concepts and capture system relationships effectively, along with achieving a high level of software reuse.
Pricing for enabling forwarding in self-configuring ad hoc networks (2005)

The assumption that all nodes cooperate to relay packets for each other may not be realistic for commercial wireless ad hoc networks. An autonomous (selfish) node in a wireless network has two disincentives for forwarding for others: energy expenditure (real cost) and possible delays for its own data (opportunity cost). We introduce a mechanism that fosters cooperation through bribery in the context of forwarding in ad hoc networks. Using a microeconomic framework based on game theory, we design and analyze a pricing algorithm that encourages forwarding among autonomous nodes by reimbursing forwarding. Taking a joint network-centric and user-centric approach, the revenue maximizing network and utility (measured in bits-per-Joule) maximizing nodes interact through prices for channel use, reimbursements for forwarding, transmitter power control, as well as forwarding and destination preferences. In a three-node (two-sources, one-access-point) network, the network converges to an architecture that induces forwarding only when the network geometries are such that forwarding is likely to increase individual benefits (network revenue and node utilities). For other geometries, the network converges to architectures that do not favor forwarding. We then generalize to a multinode network, where it is seen that the nodes' willingness to forward decrease for large ratios of the average internodal distance to the smallest distance between the access point and any source node. Pricing with reimbursement generally improves the network aggregate utility (or aggregate bits-per-Joule), as well as utilities and revenue compared with the corresponding pricing algorithm without reimbursement.
Vascular Biology of the Isoprostanes (2001)

Isoprostanes are a family of compounds produced from polyunsaturated fatty acids via a free-radical-catalysed mechanism. F(2)-isoprostanes are prostaglandin F(2alpha) isomers derived from arachidonic acid. These compounds induce potent vasoconstriction, mediated primarily by TP receptor stimulation, and in some vessels by the release of cyclooxygenase products. This vasoconstriction may be modulated by the endothelium through the release of NO. Potent vasoconstriction is also observed with E(2)-isoprostanes. Experimental and clinical data suggest a role for F(2)-isoprostanes in atherogenesis. These compounds can be detected in free forms in biological fluids as well as esterified in low-density lipoproteins or cell membranes. Their quantification represents a reliable marker of lipid peroxidation. Elevated levels of F(2)-isoprostanes in biological fluids in pathological conditions including atherosclerosis, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and inflammatory vascular diseases, suggest a relationship between lipid peroxidation and such diseases. F(2)-isoprostanes are currently being investigated as non-invasive quantitative markers to monitor the response to anti-oxidant treatment.
A critical review of dynamic modeling and control of plasticating extruders (1982)

Abstract This is a critical review of the recent literature on plasticating extruder dynamic modeling and control, The papers reviewed are divided into three categories: extruder disturbance studies, classical control and modeling studies, and stochastic control studies. It was found that most researchers have concentrated on modeling the long‐term disturbances associated with the extruder melt temperature, melt pressure or extrudate thickness. The control problem for these variables has been treated to a much lesser extent. The difficult to control and industrially important high frequency disturbances have been, in the most part, neglected. Recommendations are made for the future direction of research into extruder control.
Low Speed Technology for Small Turbine Development Reaction Injection Molded 7.5 Meter Wind Turbine Blade (2007)

An optimized small turbine blade (7.5m radius) was designed and a partial section molded with the RIM (reaction-injection molded polymer) process for mass production. The intended market is for generic three-bladed wind turbines, 100 kilowatts or less, for grid-assist end users with rural and semi-rural sites, such as the farm/ranch market, having low to moderate IEC Class 3-4 wind regimes. This blade will have substantial performance improvements over, and be cheaper than, present-day 7.5m blades. This is made possible by the injection-molding process, which yields high repeatability, accurate geometry and weights, and low cost in production quantities. No wind turbine blade in the 7.5m or greater size has used this process. The blade design chosen uses a RIM skin bonded to a braided infused carbon fiber/epoxy spar. This approach is attractive to present users of wind turbine blades in the 5-10m sizes. These include rebladeing California wind farms, refurbishing used turbines for the Midwest farm market, and other manufacturers introducing new turbines in this size range.
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Two-Dimensional Data (1988)

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Soil Property Analysis using Principal Components Analysis, Soil Line, and Regression Models (2005)

Past research has attempted to relate surface characteristics of soils to reflectance from remotely sensed images to provide a means for quantifying spatial heterogeneity. Existing procedures have proven valuable, but no research has been performed to compare these techniques. The objective of this research was to compare existing methodologies, that is, principal components analysis (PCA), Chen et al.'s regression model, and the soil line Euclidean distance (SLED) technique, for quantifying spatial heterogeneity in soil surface organic matter (OM) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The three existing techniques were compared using five bare soil images from three different silt loam to loam fields in the Midwest USA. At the same time as image acquisition, surface (upper 2.54 cm [1 in]) soil properties were measured in situ. Organic matter and CEC were highly correlated ( R 2 > 0.70) to the first principal component (PC1) for three bare soil images, moderately correlated ( R 2 > 0.40) for one image, and only slightly correlated ( R 2 < 0.25) for the final image. The lower correlations were hypothesized to be because of the range in the soil OM and CEC and image exposure. Principal Component 1 accounted for approximately 95% of the total variance in all the fields; therefore, no correlation was observed between the upper 2.54 cm (1‐in) surface soil properties and the second, third, or fourth principal components (PC2, PC3, and PC4, respectively). All three techniques equivalently predicted OM and CEC. However, PCA does not require field‐specific regression or soil lines parameters. It is also suggested that PC1 can replace the soil line in a technique for identifying soil‐sampling locations.
EFFECT OF CYCLOSPORIN ON HEPATIC REGENERATION. (1986)

The Capacity of the liver to regenerate after orthotopic liver transplantation is a critical process that is dependent on numerous factors. The effect of drugs, especially immunosuppressive agents, administered during the period when the transplanted liver is most vulnerable is clearly important. We describe preliminary studies examining the effect of cyclosporine A (CsA) on hepatic regeneration when administered before or after 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats.
Performance Characteristics of an Experimental Harmonic Identification Pitch Extraction (<scp>HIPEX</scp>) System (1970)

A description is given of the HIPEX (Harmonic Identification Pitch Extraction) pitch measurement system. This experimental system is based on finding the common denominator of harmonically related components as separated out by narrow-band filters. The performance characteristics are given in relation to system-parameter changes. A statistical study of “period histograms” with a wide range of pitches gives an optimum peak-detection ratio of 0.91 to identify the peak corresponding to the fundamental period. Performance of the HIPEX system in the presence of noise is unusually good. Usable pitch information was obtained from speech in an approximate zero S/N condition. The effectively coherent addition of harmonic signals in the period histogram, regardless of their phase in the speech wave, implies that the technique is approaching an optimum for determination of the fundamental period from the available information.
Synthesis of Multivalent Tuberculosis and <i>Leishmania</i>-Associated Capping Carbohydrates Reveals Structure-Dependent Responses Allowing Immune Evasion (2010)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are intracellular pathogens that can survive in macrophages--the very white blood cells of the immune system responsible for engulfing and ultimately clearing foreign invaders. The ability of these pathogens to hide within immune cells has made the design of effective therapies, including vaccines, to control tuberculosis and leishmaniasis particularly challenging. Herein we present the synthesis and development of carbohydrate-based probes to demonstrate that changes in pathogen-associated surface oligosaccharides are sufficient to alter cellular immune responses and thereby let a pathogen hide from immune surveillance.
Day Length and Temperature Strongly Influence Sexual Reproduction and Expression of a Novel MADS‐Box Gene in the Moss<i>Physcomitrella patens</i> (2002)

Abstract: The effect of temperature and light conditions on sexual reproduction (sporophyte formation) of in vitro cultures of the moss Physcomitrella patens was analysed. All parameters tested, i.e., temperature, light intensity and day length had a strong impact on the number of sporophytes formed. The highest number of sporophytes, 559 g fresh weight, developed at 15 °C, 8 h light/day with an intensity of 20 μmol/m 2 /s. In contrast, at 25 °C, as well as with a day length of 16 h per day, the number of sporophytes was drastically reduced. Vegetative growth, determined as fresh weight per petri dish, was impeded under conditions favouring sporophyte formation, probably due to nutrient transfer to the sporophytes. Microscopic documentation of the developing sporophytes revealed that, although archegonia were arranged in bundles at the gametophore apices, usually only one archegonium per gametophore apex developed into a mature sporophyte. From an EST database six novel MADS‐box genes were identified which, in phylogenetic analyses, did not cluster with the known groups of higher plant MADS‐box genes. One of these genes was represented only as a singleton in a cDNA library specifically derived from gametophore apices and developing sporophytes, and, therefore, designated PpMADS‐S. RNA amounts of PpMADS‐S were two to three times higher under conditions that stimulate sporophyte development (15 °C, 8 h light per day) when compared to conditions favouring vegetative growth (25 °C, 16 h light per day), indicating a possible function in sexual reproduction of this moss. Thus, an efficient experimental system was established to study sex organ formation, fertilization and embryo development in Physcomitrella.
Mannose-binding lectin enhances phagocytosis and killing of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>by human macrophages (2004)

Deficiency of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is probably the most common human immunodeficiency and is associated with an increased risk of mucosally acquired infections including meningococcal disease. Tissue macrophages are an important component of mucosal defense, and so we determined the effect of MBL on uptake of meningococci by human monocyte-derived macrophages. Opsonization with MBL significantly increased the capture and doubled the amount of internalization of Neisseria meningitidis. Inhibition of f-actin polymerization indicated that MBL exerted this effect by a dose-dependent acceleration of uptake into phagosomes, which was maximal within the normal physiological concentration of MBL (1.5 microg/ml) and was independent of scavenger receptors. MBL accelerated the acquisition and subsequent loss of the early endosome marker, early endosomal antigen-1, and enhanced the acquisition of the late endosomal marker, lysosome-associated membrane protein-1. MBL reduced the survival of meningococci within macrophages by more than half, despite the increased uptake of organisms, and significantly reduced the number of viable extracellular bacteria by 80%. We conclude that MBL is a dependent opsonin able to accelerate microbial uptake and killing. These results suggest that MBL could modify disease susceptibility by modulating macrophage interactions with mucosal organisms at the site of initial acquisition.
Identification of Road-Surface Type Using Deep Neural Networks for Friction Coefficient Estimation (2020)

Nowadays, vehicles have advanced driver-assistance systems which help to improve vehicle safety and save the lives of drivers, passengers and pedestrians. Identification of the road-surface type and condition in real time using a video image sensor, can increase the effectiveness of such systems significantly, especially when adapting it for braking and stability-related solutions. This paper contributes to the development of the new efficient engineering solution aimed at improving vehicle dynamics control via the anti-lock braking system (ABS) by estimating friction coefficient using video data. The experimental research on three different road surface types in dry and wet conditions has been carried out and braking performance was established with a car mathematical model (MM). Testing of a deep neural networks (DNN)-based road-surface and conditions classification algorithm revealed that this is the most promising approach for this task. The research has shown that the proposed solution increases the performance of ABS with a rule-based control strategy.
Decision Making Processes for Introducing New Health Technology at Institutional Level: Decision Makers' Perspective. (2011)

New health technologies have significantly improved health and quality of life. Nevertheless, they also create challenges in ensuring value for money and concerns over safety and efficacy. Health technology assessment (HTA) has been recognised as an essential tool in addressing these issues. However, concern about HTA dissemination and use by decision makers at institutional level has been expressed. This study explores health care decision makers' experiences concerning decision-making processes for the introduction and adoption of new health technologies at one group of not-for-profit private hospitals in South East Queensland. The aim of the study was to gain knowledge about HTA adoption at institutional level and suggest ways to encourage diffusion of HTA into practice. Thirteen in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key decision makers. Interviewees described decision-making processes as 'informal'. Safety and effectiveness were considered important, but cost and doctor demand were the standard drivers for decisions about the uptake of new technologies. The decision makers were generally unclear about HTA and its potential. Most information for decisions was based on information from suppliers, other hospitals within the group, and the people or departments who requested the product. The main areas identified for improvement were a desire to have a more formal process for evaluating new health technology, the need for unbiased and timely information, and the use of hospital based, or local HTA. Findings from this study show that the evidence provided by HTA is not being fully utilised by decision makers in this group of hospitals to make informed decisions.
Cycle Polyamide Motif for Recognition of the Minor Groove of DNA (1999)

Motifs for covalent linkage of side-by-side complexes of pyrrole−imidazole (Py−Im) polyamides in the DNA minor groove provide for small molecules that specifically recognize predetermined sequences with subnanomolar affinity. Polyamide subunits linked by a turn-specific γ-aminobutyric acid (γ) residue form hairpin polyamide structures. Selective amino-substitution of the prochiral α-position of the γ-turn residue relocates the cationic charge from the hairpin C terminus. Here we report the synthesis of pyrrole resin as well as a solid-phase strategy for the preparation of cycle polyamides. The DNA binding properties of two eight-ring cycle polyamides were analyzed on a DNA restriction fragment containing six base pair match and mismatch binding sites. Quantitative footprint titrations demonstrate that a cycle polyamide of sequence composition cyclo-(γ-ImPyPyPy-(R)H2Nγ-ImPyPyPy-) binds a 5‘-AGTACT-3‘ site with an equilibrium association constant Ka = 7.6 × 1010 M-1, a 3600-fold enhancement relative to the unlinked homodimer (ImPyPyPy-β-Dp)2·5‘-AGTACT-3‘, and an 8-fold enhancement relative to hairpin analogue ImPyPyPy-(R)H2Nγ-ImPyPyPy-C3−OH·5‘-AGTACT-3‘. Replacement of a single nitrogen atom with a C−H (Im→Py) regulates affinity and specificity of the cycle polyamide by 2 orders of magnitude. The results presented here suggest that addition of a chiral γ-turn combined with placement of a second γ-turn within the hairpin structure provides a cycle polyamide motif with favorable DNA binding properties.
<title>Electroluminescent polymers and carbon nanotubes for flat panel displays</title> (2001)

Polymeric light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with sufficient brightness, efficiencies, low driving voltages, and various interesting features have been reported. The relatively short device lifetime, however, still remains as a major problem to be solved before any commercial applications will be realized. In this regard, carbon nanotubes have recently been proposed as more robust electron field emitters for flat panel displays. We have synthesised large arrays of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, from which micropatterns of the aligned nanotubes suitable for flat panel displays were fabricated on various substrates. In this paper, we summarise our work on the synthesis and microfabrication of electroluminescent polymers and carbon nanotubes for flat panel displays with reference to other complementary work as appropriate.