gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Traffic grooming in an optical WDM mesh network (2002)

In wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks, the bandwidth request of a traffic stream can be much lower than the capacity of a lightpath. Efficiently grooming low-speed connections onto high-capacity lightpaths will improve the network throughput and reduce the network cost. In WDM/SONET ring networks, it has been shown in the optical network literature that by carefully grooming the low-speed connection and using wavelength-division multiplexer (OADM) to perform the optical bypass at intermediate nodes, electronic ADMs can be saved and network cost will be reduced. In this study, we investigate the traffic-grooming problem in a WDM-based optical mesh topology network. Our objective is to improve the network throughput. We study the node architecture for a WDM mesh network with traffic-grooming capability. A mathematical formulation of the traffic-grooming problem is presented in this study and several fast heuristics are also proposed and evaluated.
Ocular Manifestations of Feline Herpesvirus (2001)

Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) infection is ubiquitous in the domestic cat population worldwide. The most common clinical ocular manifestations of infection with FHV-1 are conjunctivitis and keratitis. This paper reviews the pathogenesis of feline herpesvirus-1 and discusses the various clinical ocular manifestations, diagnostic techniques and treatment of FHV-1-induced diseases. Ocular manifestations include: conjunctivitis, keratitis, stromal keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, ophthalmia neonatorium, symblepharon, corneal sequestrum, eosinophilic keratitis and anterior uveitis. Diagnostic techniques discussed include: virus isolation, fluorescent antibody testing, serum neutralising titers, ELISA and polymerase chain reaction. Various therapies are also discussed.
Handwritten CAPTCHA: Using the Difference in the Abilities of Humans and Machines in Reading Handwritten Words (2004)

Handwritten text offers challenges that are rarely encountered in machine-printed text. In addition, most problems faced in reading machine-printed text (e.g., character recognition, word segmentation, letter segmentation, etc.) are more severe, in handwritten text. In this paper we present the application of human interactive proofs (HIP), which is a relatively new research area with the primary focus of defending online services against abusive attacks. It uses a set of security protocols based on automatic tests that humans can pass but the state-of-the-art computer programs cannot. This is accomplished by exploiting the differential in the proficiency between humans and computers in reading handwritten word images.
Quartz Rod Coated with Modified Silica Gel as a Source of CO and CO2 for Standard Gaseous Mixtures (1998)

Quartz rods coated with a thin layer of chemically modified silica gel have been used for the generation of a two-component gaseous standard mixture containing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. A new method based on thermal decomposition of immobilized compounds chemically bonded to the surface of silica gel has been used in the generation process. The oxalic acid moiety bonded to the glycydoxypropylsilylated surface of silica gel underwent decarbonylation and decarboxylation at 300°C, yielding carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. On-line connection of a thermal desorber with the GC/FID enabled calibration of the detector following the process of methanization of CO and CO2. The following amounts of CO and CO2 were generated per unit length of the rod: 15.1 × 10−8 Mol cm−1 (RSD = 5.71%) for CO and 34.2 × 10−8 Mol cm−1(RSD = 5.16%) for CO2.
Recull d'observacions sobre Polystichum setiferum Woymar, a la Serra de Marina (La Conreria-Sant Mateu-Cèllecs) (2000)

Thermoelectric generators are a reliable and environmentally friendly source of electrical energy. A crucial step for their development is the maximization of their efficiency. The efficiency of a TEG is inversely related to its electrical contact resistance, which it is therefore essential to minimize. In this paper, we investigate the contacting of an Al electrode on Mg<sub>2</sub>(Si,Sn) thermoelectric material and find that samples can show highly asymmetric electrical contact resistivities on both sides of a leg (e.g., 10 µΩ·cm<sup>2</sup> and 200 µΩ·cm<sup>2</sup>). Differential contacting experiments allow one to identify the oxide layer on the Al foil as well as the dicing of the pellets into legs are identified as the main origins of this behavior. In order to avoid any oxidation of the foil, a thin layer of Zn is sputtered after etching the Al surface; this method proves itself effective in keeping the contact resistivities of both interfaces equally low (<10 µΩ·cm<sup>2</sup>) after dicing. A slight gradient is observed in the n-type leg's Seebeck coefficient after the contacting with the Zn-coated electrode and the role of Zn in this change is confirmed by comparing the experimental results to hybrid-density functional calculations of Zn point defects.
Heterogeneity of molecular size and antigenic expression within lipooligosaccharides of individual strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis (1984)

We determined the Mr of neisserial lipooligosaccharides (LOS) by using discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, minimal loading concentrations, and Salmonella isogenic rough mutant LOS as Mr standards. Salmonella LOS were resolved into three components. The migration distance of each component was linearly related to its theoretical Mr (r = 0.99). Neisserial LOS also contained multiple components whose calculated Mr ranged from 3,200 to 7,100. The relative abundance of components and their MrS varied greatly among strains. Meningococcal LOS were composed almost exclusively of two closely migrating components; gonococcal LOS were more heterogeneous. LOS from a gonococcus selected for resistance to a Pseudomonas pyocin contained only a single component that was different from and of intermediate Mr among the three components of the parent strain. A monoclonal antibody directed against the meningococcal L8 LOS epitope was used to determine whether heterogeneity of antigen expression reflected Mr heterogeneity. Single components of the L8 meningococcal LOS and of the LOS of 3 of 19 gonococcal strains bound the monoclonal antibody. Gonococcal LOS components that expressed the L8 epitope were of a similar Mr (4,800). Smaller components of these same LOS did not express the epitope.
An Engineered Tryptophan Synthase Opens New Enzymatic Pathways to β‐Methyltryptophan and Derivatives (2016)

β-Methyltryptophans (β-mTrp) are precursors in the biosynthesis of bioactive natural products and are used in the synthesis of peptidomimetic-based therapeutics. Currently β-mTrp is produced by inefficient multistep synthetic methods. Here we demonstrate how an engineered variant of tryptophan synthase from Salmonella (StTrpS) can catalyse the efficient condensation of l-threonine and various indoles to generate β-mTrp and derivatives in a single step. Although l-serine is the natural substrate for TrpS, targeted mutagenesis of the StTrpS active site provided a variant (βL166V) that can better accommodate l-Thr as a substrate. The condensation of l-Thr and indole proceeds with retention of configuration at both α- and β-positions to give (2S,3S)-β-mTrp. The integration of StTrpS (βL166V) with l-amino acid oxidase, halogenase enzymes and palladium chemocatalysts provides access to further d-configured and regioselectively halogenated or arylated β-mTrp derivatives.
Dispersion ripple suppression of sampled chirped fiber gratings (2004)

The dispersion ripples of sampled chirped fiber gratings(SCFG) used for multi-
channel chromatic dispersion compensation are investigated. The cavity effect causing time delay
ripples and the apodization of SCFG depressing the dispersion ripples are all analyzed. The
reflection spectrum and the time delay of different apodized sampled chirped fiber gratings are
calculated and compared. The results indicated that the time delay is dependent on the extra-
cavity effect of SCFG and the time delay can be suppressed by properly apodized SCFG.
Design of a Femtosecond Ti:sapphire Laser for Generation and Temporal Optimization of 0.5-PW Laser Pulses at a 0.1-Hz Repetition Rate (2009)

A chirped-pulse amplification Ti:sapphire laser system has been designed using a 10-Hz 100-TW Ti:sapphire laser to generate 0.1-Hz 0.5-PW laser pulses and optimize their temporal qualities such as temporal contrast and pulse duration. A high-energy booster amplifier to be added is expected to produce an energy above 30 J through the parasitic lasing suppression and the efficient amplification. To improve the temporal contrast of the laser pulses, a high-contrast 1-kHz amplifier system is used as a front-end. A grating stretcher which makes the laser pulse have 1-ns duration is used to prevent optical damages due to high pulse energy during amplification. A grating compressor has been designed with group delay analysis to obtain the recompressed pulse duration close to the transform-limited pulse duration. The final laser pulses are expected to have energy above 20 J and duration below 40 fs.
Error Analysis and Performance Evaluation of a Future-Trajectory-Based Cooperative Collision Warning System (2008)

This paper focuses on the robustness and reliability of a future-trajectory-based cooperative collision warning system (CCWS), which estimates and communicates vehicle positions and predicts and processes future trajectories for collision decision making. The feasibility of the system design has been demonstrated in previous work, and this paper analyzes the error propagation and its impact on detection performance. The reliability of the CCWS heavily depends on the reliability of the differential Global Positioning System (DGPS)-based positioning system and the reliability of intervehicle communication. This paper uses the Kalman filter technique to statistically characterize the errors in position estimation and trajectory prediction, incorporates communication errors as part of the prediction error, and accordingly determines the probability of conflicts and the quality of the detection performance. Results with experimental data are presented to illustrate the error propagation and to demonstrate the reliability of the system.
REVIEWS (1938)

REVIEWS Get access Matthew, Mark and Luke. A Study in the Order and Interrelation of the Synoptic Gospels, by the late DOM JOHN CHAPMAN, Fourth Abbot of Downside. Edited, with an Introduction and some additional matter, by the Very Rev. MONSIGNOR JOHN M. T. BARTON, Lic. S. Script. Pp. xxv+312. (Longmans, Green and Co., 1937.) B. T. D. SMITH B. T. D. SMITH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume os-XXXIX, Issue 154, April 1938, Pages 170–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/os-XXXIX.154.170 Published: 01 April 1938
Shock-Wave Lithotripsy (1986)

Just two years ago the first device designed to fragment kidney stones with shock waves generated outside the body was delivered to the United States by its German manufacturer, Dornier Systems. Soon, six American centers were participating in premarketing trials. Within 10 months, during which American experience corroborated German results,1 the Food and Drug Administration approved the Dornier device for marketing in the United States. FDA approval was announced with much fanfare; the secretary of Health and Human Services participated along with the FDA administrator and hailed extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy as "an authentic modern miracle," certain to enhance the quality . . .
Simultaneous determination of hydroxymethylbilane synthase and uroporphyrinogen III synthase in erythrocytes by high-performance liquid chromatography (1983)

A high-performance-liquid-chromatographic method is developed for the simultaneous determination of hydroxymethylbilane synthase and uroporphyrinogen III synthase activity in erythrocytes. Effective separation of uroporphyrin I and III isomers allows the accurate quantification of individual isomers and the total uroporphyrin concentration. Total uroporphyrin production is used to calculate hydroxymethylbilane synthase activity, and the amount of uroporphyrin III formed represents the activity of uroporphyrinogen III synthase. Normal ranges are established for the two enzymes.
Evaluation of a timing integrated circuit architecture for continuous crystal and SiPM based PET systems (2013)

[EN] Improving timing resolution in positron emission tomography (PET), thus having fine time information of the detected pulses, is important to increase the reconstructed images signal to noise ratio (SNR) [1]. In the present work, an integrated circuit topology for time extraction of the incoming pulses is evaluated. An accurate simulation including the detector physics and the electronics with different configurations has been developed. \n\nThe selected architecture is intended for a PET system based on a continuous scintillation crystal attached to a SiPM array. The integrated circuit extracts the time stamp from the first few photons generated when the gamma-ray interacts with the scintillator, thus obtaining the best time resolution. To get the time stamp from the detected pulses, a time to digital converter (TDC) array based architecture has been proposed as in [2] or [3]. The TDC input stage uses a current comparator to transform the analog signal into a digital signal. Individually configurable trigger levels allow us to avoid false triggers due to signal noise. Using a TDC per SiPM configuration results in a very area consuming integrated circuit. One solution to this problem is to join several SiPM outputs to one TDC. This reduces the number of TDCs but, on the other hand, the first photons will be more difficult to be detected. For this reason, it is important to simulate how the time resolution is degraded when the number of TDCs is reduced. Following this criteria, the best configuration will be selected considering the trade-off between achievable time resolution and the cost per chip. \n\nA simulation is presented that uses Geant4 for simulation of the physics process and, for the electronic blocks, spice and Matlab. The Geant4 stage simulates the gamma-ray interaction with the scintillator, the photon shower generation and the first stages of the SiPM. The electronics simulation includes an electrical model of the SiPMarray and all the integrated circuitry that generates the time stamps. Time resolution results are analyzed using Matlab. The goal is to analyze the best resolution achievable with the SiPM and its degradation due to different circuitry configurations.
Identification of pBC218/pBC210 Genes of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> G9241 in Five Florida Soils Using qPCR (2014)

The distribution of the virulent plasmid pBC210 of B. cereus that carries several B. anthracis genes and has been implicated in lethal anthrax-like pulmonary disease is unknown. We screened our collection of 103 B. cereus isolates and 256 soil samples using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay that targeted three open reading frames putatively unique to pBC210. When tested with DNA from 2 B. cereus strains carrying pBC210, and 64 Gram-positive and 55 Gram-negative bacterial species, the assay had 100% sensitivity and specificity. None of the DNA from the B. cereus isolates yielded positive amplicons but DNA extracted from five soils collected in Florida gave positive results for all three target sequences of pBC210. While screening confirms that pBC210 is uncommon in B. cereus, this study is the first to report that pBC210 is present in Florida soils. This study improves our knowledge of the distribution of pBC210 in soils and, of public health importance, the potential threat of B. cereus isolates carrying the toxin-carrying plasmid. We demonstrated that sequences of pBC210 can be found in a larger geographical area than previously thought and that finding more B. cereus carrying the virulent plasmid is a possibility in the future.
Characterization of Implanted Nitride for VLSI Applications (1984)

A silicon nitride layer formed by nitrogen implantation was characterized for VLSI application. Molecular nitrogen was implanted in an energy range of 5 to 60 keV for forming various nitride layers during subsequent annealing at 1000°C in nitrogen. The nitride layers formed were characterized before and after furnace annealing with differential IR, SIMS, and ellipsometry to find a useful implantation condition for a local oxidation mask. The initial IR peak of the implanted nitrogen was 815 cm−1 for the entire implantation energy range. While the position shifted to a higher wave number for the high energy implants after annealing, the low energy implants peak remained very close to 830 cm−1, which is comparable to the LPCVD nitride peak. This finding suggests that the composition of the low energy nitrides is nearly stoichiometric. Annealing shifted the concentration profile toward the surface and increased the peak nitrogen concentration. The nitride profile peaked at the surface or disappeared below 10 keV. The masking properties of these nitrides were tested by growing 5300Å oxide in steam at 1000°C. The nitrides with dosages of ions formed an effective oxidation mask for implantation energy below 40 keV. Under the experimented conditions, the nitride formed with 10 keV appeared to be an effective oxidation masking with adequate etching selectivity to , reducing the "bird's beak" size to one fourth of the conventional LOCOS.
Cord Blood Lin−CD45− Embryonic-Like Stem Cells Are a Heterogeneous Population That Lack Self-Renewal Capacity (2013)

Human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) has been proposed to contain not only haematopoietic stem cells, but also a rare pluripotent embryonic-like stem cell (ELSc) population that is negative for hematopoietic markers (Lin(-)CD45(-)) and expresses markers typical of pluripotent cells. The aim of this work was to isolate, characterise and expand this ELSc fraction from hUCB, as it may provide a valuable cell source for regenerative medicine applications. We found that we could indeed isolate a Lin(-)CD45(-) population of small cells (3-10 µm diameter) with a high nucleus to cytoplasm ratio that expressed the stem cell markers CD34 and CXCR4. However, in contrast to some previous reports, this fraction was not positive for CD133. Furthermore, although these cells expressed transcripts typical of pluripotent cells, such as SOX2, OCT3/4, and NANOG, they were not able to proliferate in any of the culture media known to support stem cell growth that we tested. Further analysis of the Lin(-)CD45(-) population by flow cytometry showed the presence of a Lin(-)CD45(-)Nestin(+) population that were also positive for CD34 (20%) but negative for CXCR4. These data suggest that the Lin(-)CD45(-) stem cell fraction present in the cord blood represents a small heterogeneous population with phenotypic characteristics of stem cells, including a Lin(-)CD45(-)Nestin(+) population not previously described. This study also suggests that heterogeneity within the Lin(-)CD45(-) cell fraction is the likely explanation for differences in the hUCB cell populations described by different groups that were isolated using different methods. These populations have been widely called "embryonic-like stem cell" on the basis of their phenotypical similarity to embryonic stem cells. However, the fact they do not seem to be able to self-renew casts some doubt on their identity, and warns against defining them as "embryonic-like stem cell" at this stage.
Non-communicable disease mortality rates using the verbal autopsy in a cohort of middle aged and older populations in Beirut during wartime, 1983–93 (2001)

The results from this first cohort study in the Arab region show, in contrast with popular perception, a mortality pattern more like a developed country than a developing one. Strategies of public health activities, in particular for countries in transition, need to be continuously re-assessed in light of empirical epidemiological data and other health indicators for evidence-based decision making.
Synthesis of Furan Derivatives. XXVII (1960)

2-Phenyl-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylic acid and 2-phenyl-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2, 4-pentadienoic acid were prepared by the Perkin reaction of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde or 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrolein with potassium phenylacetate. Comparative examinations were made on the effect of the nitro group in 5-position of the furan ring and the presence of conjugated double bond between the aldehyde group and furan ring on the yield of the product. It was thereby learned that the presence of a nitro group increased the yield, while participation of a conjugated double bond tended to lower the yield.
Influence of biphasic calcium phosphate granulometry on bone ingrowth, ceramic resorption, and inflammatory reactions: Preliminary in vitro and in vivo study (1999)

International audience
Proteomic analysis of a eukaryotic cilium (2005)

Cilia and flagella are widespread cell organelles that have been highly conserved throughout evolution and play important roles in motility, sensory perception, and the life cycles of eukaryotes ranging from protists to humans. Despite the ubiquity and importance of these organelles, their composition is not well known. Here we use mass spectrometry to identify proteins in purified flagella from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 360 proteins were identified with high confidence, and 292 more with moderate confidence. 97 out of 101 previously known flagellar proteins were found, indicating that this is a very complete dataset. The flagellar proteome is rich in motor and signal transduction components, and contains numerous proteins with homologues associated with diseases such as cystic kidney disease, male sterility, and hydrocephalus in humans and model vertebrates. The flagellum also contains many proteins that are conserved in humans but have not been previously characterized in any organism. The results indicate that flagella are far more complex than previously estimated.
Keeping a Quantum Bit Alive by Optimized<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:math>-Pulse Sequences (2007)

A general strategy to maintain the coherence of a quantum bit is proposed. The analytical result is derived rigorously including all memory and backaction effects. It is based on an optimized pi-pulse sequence for dynamic decoupling extending the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill cycle. The optimized sequence is very efficient, in particular, for strong couplings to the environment.
Incremental LL(1) parsing in language-based editors (1993)

This paper introduces an efficient incremental LL(1) parsing algorithm for use in language-based editors that use the structure recognition approach. It is designed to parse user input at intervals of very small granularity and to limit the amount of incremental parsing needed when changes are made internal to the editing buffer. The algorithm uses the editing focus as a guide in restricting parsing. It has been implemented in the Fred language-based editor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using time-of-flight for WLAN localization: feasibility study (2006)

Abstract. Although signal strength based techniques are widely employed for WLAN localization, they generally suffer from providing highly accurate location information. In this paper, we first present the general shortcomings of the signal strength based approaches used for WLANbased localization and then state reasons why time-of-flight could be an attractive alternative. We subsequently analyze the feasibility of using time-of-flight technique for WLAN localization by synchronizing the clock using Network Time Protocol (NTP) as well as measuring the time at (i) network layer level, (ii) data link layer level, and (iii) firmware level. We conclude that at present using TOF is not a feasible approach because of the limitation of current hardware and protocols. 1