gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Waveguide confined Raman spectroscopy for microfluidic interrogation (2011)

We report the first implementation of the fiber based microfluidic Raman spectroscopic detection scheme, which can be scaled down to micrometre dimensions, allowing it to be combined with other microfluidic functional devices. This novel Raman spectroscopic detection scheme, which we termed as Waveguide Confined Raman Spectroscopy (WCRS), is achieved through embedding fibers on-chip in a geometry that confines the Raman excitation and collection region which ensures maximum Raman signal collection. This results in a microfluidic chip with completely alignment-free Raman spectroscopic detection scheme, which does not give any background from the substrate of the chip. These features allow a WCRS based microfluidic chip to be fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) which is a relatively cheap material but has inherent Raman signatures in fingerprint region. The effects of length, collection angle, and fiber core size on the collection efficiency and fluorescence background of WCRS were investigated. The ability of the device to predict the concentration was studied using urea as a model analyte. A major advantage of WCRS is its scalability that allows it to be combined with many existing microfluidic functional devices. The applicability of WCRS is demonstrated through two microfluidic applications: reaction monitoring in a microreactor and detection of analyte in a microdroplet based microfluidic system. The WCRS approach may lead to wider use of Raman spectroscopy based detection in microfluidics, and the development of portable, alignment-free microfluidic devices.
Gaseous Scintillation (1956)

The method of detecting the passage of charged particles through noble gases by analyzing the light of de-excitation will be discussed. A description is given of the mechanism, and various experimental methods are presented. Attention is directed to performance, applications, and some unsolved problems
Is the thermal resistance coefficient of high-power LEDs constant? (2007)

In this paper, we discuss the variations of thermal resistance coefficient from junction to board (Rθ<sub>jb</sub>) for high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a result of changes in power dissipation and ambient temperature. Three-watt white and blue LED packages from the same manufacturer were tested for Rθ<sub>jb</sub> at different input power levels and ambient temperatures. Experimental results show that Rθ<sub>jb</sub> increases with increased input power for both LED packages, which can be attributed to current crowding mostly and some to the conductivity changes of GaN and TIM materials caused by heat rise. With increasing ambient temperature, Rθ<sub>jb</sub> increased but not as much as what was observed with drive current increase.
To eat or not to eat: the effect of AICAR on food intake regulation in yellow-bellied marmots (<i>Marmota flaviventris</i>) (2010)

Mammals that hibernate (hibernators) exhibit a circannual rhythm of food intake and body mass. In the laboratory during the winter hibernation period, many hibernators enter a series of multi-day torpor bouts, dropping their body temperature to near ambient, and cease to feed even if food is present in their cage. The mechanism(s) that regulates food intake in hibernators is unclear. Recently, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to play a key role in the central regulation of food intake in mammals. We hypothesized that infusing an AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1 B-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), intracerebroventricularly (ICV) into the third ventricle of the hypothalamus would stimulate yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) to feed during their hibernation season. Infusion of AICAR ICV into marmots at an ambient temperature of 22 degrees C caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in food intake. In addition, animals stimulated to feed did not enter torpor during the infusion period. Marmots ICV infused with saline did not increase food intake and these animals continued to undergo torpor at an ambient temperature of 22 degrees C. Our results suggest that AICAR stimulated the food intake pathway, presumably by activating AMPK. These results support the hypothesis that AMPK may be involved in regulating food intake in hibernators and that there may be common neural pathways involved in regulating feeding and eliciting torpor.
A catalog of stream processing optimizations (2014)

Various research communities have independently arrived at stream processing as a programming model for efficient and parallel computing. These communities include digital signal processing, databases, operating systems, and complex event processing. Since each community faces applications with challenging performance requirements, each of them has developed some of the same optimizations, but often with conflicting terminology and unstated assumptions. This article presents a survey of optimizations for stream processing. It is aimed both at users who need to understand and guide the system’s optimizer and at implementers who need to make engineering tradeoffs. To consolidate terminology, this article is organized as a catalog, in a style similar to catalogs of design patterns or refactorings. To make assumptions explicit and help understand tradeoffs, each optimization is presented with its safety constraints (when does it preserve correctness?) and a profitability experiment (when does it improve performance?). We hope that this survey will help future streaming system builders to stand on the shoulders of giants from not just their own community.
Multistress Resistance of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> is Generated by Insertion of Retrotransposon Ty into the 5′ Coding Region of the Adenylate Cyclase Gene (1988)

Heat shock-resistant mutants, which were isolated by their ability to withstand lethal heat treatment, were characterized. Resistance was demonstrated to be a consequence of insertion of retrotransposon Ty into either the 5' coding or noncoding region, close to the putative initiation codon of the adenylate cyclase gene CYR1 (or CDC35). These heat shock-resistant mutants contained about threefold lower adenylate cyclase activity than wild-type strains. The mutants were also observed to be resistant to other stresses such as UV light and ethanol. These results demonstrate that multistress resistance, which may confer a survival advantage to yeast cells, can be generated by transposition of a Ty element into CYR1.
Senecavirus A in Pigs, United States, 2015 (2016)

We completed sequencing the whole genomes for the vesicle tissue (SVA-OH1) and vesicle swab sample (SVA-OH2). On the basis of BLAST (http:blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Blast.cgi) searches, the SVA-OH1 and -OH2 isolates had 99% nt identity to 3 new US strains (USA/IA40380/2015, USA/SD41901/2015, USA/IA46008/2015) and 98% nt identity to 3 Brazil strains (SVV/BRA/MG1/2015, SVV/ BRA/MG2/2015, SVV/BRA/GO3/2015) from GenBank. The Ohio isolates also shared 96% and 94% nt identity with Canada strain (11-55910-3) and the first US SVA strain (SVV-001), respectively. Further analysis showed that, in comparison with these 8 strains with complete genome sequences available in GenBank, the 2 Ohio SVA isolates had 22 unique nucleotide mutations in the genome: 1 in the VP4 gene, 5 in VP2, 2 in VP3, 1 in VP1, 4 in 2B, 3 in 2C, 3 in 3A, 1 in 3B, and 2 in 3D (online Technical Appendix Table Among the 22 unique mutations, there were 2 nonsynonymous mutations at position 2082 in the VP3 gene of both isolates and position 5037 in the 3A gene of SVA-OH1 and 1 unique synonymous mutation only in SVA-OH2.
Visual Ecology Of Biting Flies (1987)

Although the insect circulatory system is involved in a multitude of vital physiological processes, it has gone grossly understudied. This review highlights this critical physiological system by detailing the structure and function of the circulatory ...Read More
Si and Ca Individually and Combinatorially Target Enhanced MC3T3-E1 Subclone 4 Early Osteogenic Marker Expression (2012)

This study tests the hypothesis that silicon and calcium ions combinatorially target gene expression during osteoblast differentiation. MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 osteoblast progenitors (transformed mouse calvarial osteoblasts) were exposed to Si(4+) (from Na(2)SiO(3)) and Ca(2+) (from CaCl(2):H(2)O) ion treatments both individually (0.4 mM each + control treatment) and combinatorially (0.4 mM Si(4+) + 0.4 mM Ca(2+) + control treatment) and compared to control treated (α-minimum essential medium, 10% fetal bovine serum, and 1% penicillin-streptomycin) cells. Cell proliferation studies showed no significant increase in cell density between treatments over 5 days of culture. Cellular differentiation studies involved addition of ascorbic acid (50 mg/L) for all treatments. Relative gene expression was determined for collagen type 1 (Col(I)α1/Col(I)α2), core-binding factor a (cbfa1/Runx2), and osteocalcin (OCN), which indicated osteoblast progenitor differentiation into a mineralizing phenotype. Increased Si(4+) or Ca(2+) ion treatments enhanced Col(I)α1, Col(I)α2, Runx2, and OCN expression, while increased Si(4+) + Ca(2+) ion treatments enhanced OCN expression. Moreover, it was found that a Si(4+)/Ca(2+) ratio of unity was optimal for maximal expression of OCN. Collagen fiber bundles were dense, elongated, and thick within extracellular matrices (ECM) exposed to Si(4+) and Si(4+) + Ca(2+) treatments, while collagen fiber bundles were sparse, short, and thin within Ca(2+) and control treated ECM. These results indicated that individual ions enhance multiple osteogenic gene expression, while combined ion treatments enhance individual gene expression. In addition, these results indicated that Si(4+) enhanced osteoblast gene expression and ECM formation at higher levels than Ca(2+). These results support the larger concept that ions (possibly released from bioactive glasses) could control bone formation by targeting osteoblast marker expression.
A proteomic investigation into a human gastric cancer cell line BGC823 treated with diallyl trisulfide (2005)

Garlic is generally used as a therapeutic reagent against various diseases worldwide. Although a great effort is made to understand the pharmaceutical mechanisms of garlic and its derivatives, there are many mysteries to be uncovered. Using proteomic means, herein we have systematically studied the responses of protein expression in BGC823 cells, a gastric cancer cell line, induced by diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a major component of garlic derivatives. A total of 41 unique proteins in BGC823 were detected with significant changes in their expression levels corresponding with DATS administration. Of these proteins, five typical ones, glutathione S-transferase-pi (GST-pi), voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC-1), Annexin I, Galectin and S100A11, were further examined by Western blotting, resulting in coincident data with the proteomic evidence. Moreover quantitative real-time RT-PCR experiments offered dynamic data of mRNA expression, indicating the responses of Annexin I and GST-pi expression within a short period after DATS treatment. Interestingly, approximately 50% of DATS-sensitive proteins (19/41) in BGC823 are tightly associated with apoptotic pathways. These proteomic results presented, therefore, provide additional support to the hypothesis that garlic is a strong inducer of apoptosis in tumor cells.
Trials and tribulation of implementing intranet technology: the Cassini Information Access System (2002)

The Cassini Information Access System (IAS) was built to provide Cassini Integration and Test engineers with ready access to current technical and logistical project information. World Wide Web (WWW) technology was used to provide a consistent user interface to pre-existing interactive systems as well as new repositories and interactive services developed specifically for Cassini. A Web "gateway" was developed for each pre-existing data service. Each service had its unique requirements including read only and read and write access to SQL databases. Other requirements called for development of many background processes to handle the access of data produced by proprietary databases and non-database data repositories. Through the use of the WWW, anonymous ftp, Novell services, and unique data conversion programs, we were able to put the system into limited operation by August 1995 and full operation by March 1996.
Application of Browning Inhibitors to Cut Apple and Potato by Vacuum and Pressure Infiltration (1990)

ABSTRACT Vacuum and pressure infiltration were investigated as means of applying ascorbatc‐ or erythorbate‐based enzymatic browning inhibitors to apple and potato cut surfaces. Apple plugs infiltrated at 34 kPa pressure showed more uniform uptake of treatment solution and less extensive water‐logging than plugs vacuum‐infiltrated at 169–980 mB. Delicious and Winesap plugs and dice gained 3–7 days of storage life at 4°C when treated by pressure infiltration, compared to dipping. However, infiltrated dice required dewatering by centrifugation or partial dehydration to prevent water‐logging. Pressure infiltration at 108 kPa extended the life of potato plugs by 2–4 days, compared to dipping, but was ineffective with potato dice.
Deposition of unipolar charged aerosol particles by mutual repulsion (1959)

A simple theory of the deposition of unipolar charged aerosols by their mutual repulsion is developed. The application of this theory enables the average radius and the average charge of the particles to be determined from measurements of the mass of smoke deposited on metal surfaces and the charge given up by the particles. This new method offers a means of determining the rate of coagulation of unipolar charged aerosols. Experiments with wood smokes indicate that the simple theory of deposition is correct. The calculated average radius of the wood smoke particles examined compares favourably with that determined from measurement of the optical density and mass concentration of the smoke. The charge determined by the new method is consistent with that calculated on the basis of corona charging theory.
Self-adaptive user profiles for large-scale data delivery (2002)

Push based data delivery requires knowledge of user interests for making scheduling, bandwidth allocation, and routing decisions. Such information is maintained as user profiles. We propose a novel incremental algorithm for constructing user profiles based on monitoring and user feedback. In contrast to earlier approaches, which typically represent profiles as a single weighted interest vector, we represent user profiles as multiple interest vectors, whose number, size, and elements change adaptively based on user access behavior. This flexible approach allows the profile to more accurately represent complex user interests. Although there has been significant research on user profiles, our approach is unique in that it can be tuned to trade-off profile complexity and quality. This feature, together with its incremental nature, makes our method suitable for use in large scale information filtering applications such as push based WWW page dissemination. We evaluate the method by experimentally investigating its ability to categorize WWW pages taken from Yahoo! categories. Our results show that the method can provide high filtering effectiveness with modest profile sizes and can effectively adapt to changes in users' interests.
Topical Corticosteroid Treatment of Anosmia Associated With Nasal and Sinus Disease (1997)

Topical corticosteroid nasal spray administered in a head-down-forward position is an effective treatment of severe olfactory loss associated with severe nasal and sinus disease.
The Skyrmion Switch: Turning Magnetic Skyrmion Bubbles on and off with an Electric Field (2017)

Nanoscale magnetic skyrmions are considered as potential information carriers for future spintronics memory and logic devices. Such applications will require the control of their local creation and annihilation, which involves so far solutions that are either energy consuming or difficult to integrate. Here we demonstrate the control of skyrmion bubbles nucleation and annihilation using electric field gating, an easily integrable and potentially energetically efficient solution. We present a detailed stability diagram of the skyrmion bubbles in a Pt/Co/oxide trilayer and show that their stability can be controlled via an applied electric field. An analytical bubble model with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction imbedded in the domain wall energy accounts for the observed electrical skyrmion switching effect. This allows us to unveil the origin of the electrical control of skyrmions stability and to show that both magnetic dipolar interaction and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction play an important role in the skyrmion bubble stabilization.
New Diffusion Cell Design (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Diffusion Cell DesignJames O. Osburn and Karl KammermeyerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 4, 739–742Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50532a038RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (594 KB) Get e-Alerts
A 7‐year study on risks and costs of knee injuries in male and female youth participants in 12 sports (2000)

Knee injuries are common and account in various sports for 15-50% of all sports injuries. The cost of knee injuries is therefore a large part of the cost for medical care of sports injuries. Furthermore, the risk of acquiring a knee injury during sports is considered higher for females than for males. The nationwide organization "Youth and Sports" represents the major source of organized sports and recreation for Swiss youth and engages annually around 370000 participants in the age group of 14 to 20 years. The purpose of this study was to combine data on knee injuries from two sources, the first being data on the exposure to risk found in the activity registration in "Youth and Sports" and the second injuries with their associated costs resulting from the activities and filed at the Swiss Military Insurance. This allowed calculation of knee injury incidences, to compare risks between males and females and to estimate the costs of medical treatment. The study comprises 3864 knee injuries from 12 sports during 7 years. Females were significantly more at risk in six sports: alpinism, downhill skiing, gymnastics, volleyball, basketball and team handball. The incidences of knee injuries and of cruciate ligament injuries in particular, together with the costs per hour of participation, all displayed the same sports as the top five for both females and males: ice hockey, team handball, soccer, downhill skiing and basketball. Female alpinism and gymnastics had also high rankings. Knee injuries comprised 10% of all injuries in males and 13% in females, but their proportional contribution to the costs per hour of participation was 27% and 33%, respectively. From this study it can be concluded that females were significantly more at risk for knee injuries than males in six sports and that knee injuries accounted for a high proportion of the costs of medical treatment.
[Cloning and expression analysis of 5-phosphomevalonate kinase gene (CcPMK) in Cinnamomum camphora]. (2020)

The 5-phosphomevalonate kinase(PMK) is a key enzyme in mevalonate(MVA) pathway which reversibly catalyzes the phosphorylation of mevalonate 5-phosphate(MVAP) to form mevalonate-5-diphosphate(MVAPP) in the presence of ATP and divalent metal ion such as Mg~(2+). In this research, on the basis of the transciptome database of Cinnamomum camphora, the PMK was cloned by cDNA from C. camphora, and was named CcPMK(GenBank number KU886266). The ORF of CcPMK was composed of 1 545 bp, encoding 514 amino acids. The bioinformatics analysis of CcPMK indicated that the molecular weight of the encoded protein was 56.14 kDa, with a theoretically isoelectric point of 7.64, and there was no signal peptide and transmembrane structure in putative protein. By multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis, we found that similarity between CcPMK and PMK amino acid sequence of other plants was as high as 75%. Among the similar sequences, 45% of them belonged to the alpha helix, while 16% belonged to the beta strand. CcPMK obtained 3 PMK protein family motifs and 1 ATP binding site Gly-Leu-Gly-Ser-Ser-Ala-Ala, and its 3 D structure contained a catalytic pocket structure, proving CcPMK as a member of PMK gene family. The result of phylogenetic tree showed that CcPMK was closely related to monocotyledon plants such as Phonenix dactylifera. The results of the Real-time PCR indicated that the expression level of CcPMK in borneol type was higher than that in linalool type, cineol type, iso-nerolidol type and camphor type. CcPMK expressed highest in roots and lowest in branches. Our results revealed that the expression level of CcPMK was different among five chemical types and different plant tissues, and the research provides foundation for further study of the terpenoids biosynthetic pathway in C. camphora.
The Increase in Blood Pressure Induced by Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Anesthetized Wistar Rats Is Inversely Related to Basal Blood Pressure Value (1997)

Nitric oxide produced by endothelial cells is a mediator involved in the regulation of vascular tone. Indeed, in vitro inhibition of basal nitric oxide release increase responses to vasoconstrictor agents, and in vivo, the parenteral or dietary administration of nitric oxide inhibitors produces an increase in blood pressure. However, the correlation of nitric oxide production and basal blood pressure in normotensive subjects is still unclear. In this study, we showed that administration, in urethane-anesthetized Wistar rat, of two inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, such as NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and methylguanidine, produced a significant increase in mean arterial blood pressure that was inversely related to basal mean arterial blood pressure at all doses tested. On the other hand, the increase in mean arterial blood pressure induced by infusion of angiotensin II did not correlate with basal mean arterial blood pressure. The pretreatment of rats with hexamethonium did not change the results observed in normal rats, ruling out an involvement of sympathetic nervous system. In conclusion, this study further confirms the presence of a tonic amount of nitric oxide, produced by endothelial cells in the bloodstream, which plays a key role in the regulation of basal blood pressure, and its reduction or inhibition may be the main cause of certain pathologic conditions characterized by high levels of blood pressure.