gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation. (1995)

A 70-year-old man developed hyperpigmentation of his forearms, hands, fingernails, sclerae, ears, and teeth after 9 years of therapy with minocycline for acne rosacea. Minocycline is widely used in the treatment of acne vulgaris and uncommonly produces the side effect of hyperpigmentation. This effect does not appear to be dose-dependent and usually resolves within months to years after discontinuation of therapy. Discoloration of adult teeth, however, is generally permanent.
Sensitivity formulas for terminated lossless two-ports (1985)

Simple, yet very general, formulas are given for the partial derivatives of the loss and phase of both singly and doubly terminated, reciprocal, lossless 2-ports with respect to any internal immittance. This immittance may be of either a wanted or a parasitic component. The formulas have a simple physical interpretation, and are generalizations of earlier results. Their use is illustrated through examples of a conventional ladder filter and of a switched-capacitor filter based on such a prototype.
Load balancing between TD-SCDMA and GSM systems with asymmetric traffics (2011)

Load balancing between heterogeneous TD-SCDMA and GSM systems with asymmetric traffics is investigated in this paper. The uniform measurement of the system loads, the principle and steps of handoff-based load balancing algorithm are described for the heterogeneous systems with unequal user capacities. The load relation between TD-SCDMA and GSM systems carrying asymmetric services is classified into four cases. For each case, trigger condition of handoff operation, the traffic volume to be migrated and the criteria of selecting users to be migrated are analyzed. Simulation results show that the algorithm can make the loads of the systems more balanced and the performance of the system with higher load is improved effectively.
Copolymerization of styrene and diethyl fumarate with zinc bromide. III. Electroinitiation at low current densities (1972)

Abstract The electroinitiated preparation of equimolar copolymers of styrene and diethyl fumarate is described. The reaction medium consisted of these monomers dissolved in a methanol–zinc bromide solution. Rates of polymerization increased with increasing applied current and the copolymer yield increased linearly with the total number of Faradays transferred. The copolymer composition is 1:1 and is essentially invariant with the degree of conversion (<15%), electroinitiation rate, and monomer feed ratios. A reaction mechanism involving donor–acceptor complexes and electroinitiated excitation of these complexes at the electrode is postulated.
Calcium Treatment to Maintain Quality of Zucchini Squash Slices (1995)

ABSTRACT Zucchini squash slices dipped in solutions of CaCl 2 alone or with chlorine were stored at 0°C, 5°C, and 10°C. Slices developed water soaked areas (chilling injury) at 0°C and brown discoloration at 5°C and 10°C, which increased with storage. The amount and severity of chilling injury/browning/decay of water‐dipped controls were least at 5°C. Calcium treatments helped in reducing development of decay, rate of total microbial growth, ascorbic acid loss, and shear force decrease of slices stored at 0°C and 10°C but not at 5°C. Addition of chlorine to CaCl 2 seemed to have some benefits at 0°C or 10°C.
Visualizing the thermal performance of heat pipes with thermochromic liquid crystals (1991)

A novel and instructive technique has been developed to visualize the thermal performance characteristics of simple low temperature heat pipes and thermosyphons. Copper heat pipes with internal, annular mesh wicks and charged with Refrigerant-12 were externally coated with thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) paints. The thermally sensitive TLC coating reversibly changes color upon heating and readily permits visual identification of transient and steady state isotherms during low temperature operation. The start-up and operational behaviors of the heat pipe as well as the presence of non-condensible gases can be visually identified through a spectrum of color changes. Each distinct color is indicative of an isothermal region on the heat pipe. The TLC thermal characterization technique can be used in the development and support of heat transfer models, performance evaluations and for identifying cooler, non-condensible gas regions within operating heat pipes. A brief seven-minute VHS video supplements this paper. The video dramatically illustrates a side-by-side comparison of a simple heat pipe with an equivalent solid copper rod and shows the thermal nature of an operating heat pipe. The effects of non-condensible gas migration to the condenser region of the heat pipe is also illustrated.
Synthesis of cyclic sphingosine 1,3-phosphate (cSPP) through a photolytic reaction (1998)

The synthesis of cyclic sphingosine 1,3-phosphate through photolytic methodology is described starting from d-erythro-sphingosine. A bifunctional phosphorylating reagent, 2-cyanoethyl N,N-diisopropylchlorophosphoramidite, is used to introduce the cyclic 1,3-phosphate moiety. This procedure generates cSPP in four steps and in 36% overall yield.
CARLA: An Open Urban Driving Simulator (2017)

We introduce CARLA, an open-source simulator for autonomous driving research. CARLA has been developed from the ground up to support development, training, and validation of autonomous urban driving systems. In addition to open-source code and protocols, CARLA provides open digital assets (urban layouts, buildings, vehicles) that were created for this purpose and can be used freely. The simulation platform supports flexible specification of sensor suites and environmental conditions. We use CARLA to study the performance of three approaches to autonomous driving: a classic modular pipeline, an end-to-end model trained via imitation learning, and an end-to-end model trained via reinforcement learning. The approaches are evaluated in controlled scenarios of increasing difficulty, and their performance is examined via metrics provided by CARLA, illustrating the platform's utility for autonomous driving research. The supplementary video can be viewed at https://youtu.be/Hp8Dz-Zek2E
sFRP-2 is a target of the Wnt-4 signaling pathway in the developing metanephric kidney (1998)

Members of the Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins act as short-range signaling molecules in vertebrate embryogenesis. Previous work has shown that Wnt-4 is required for kidney development. Mice lacking functional Wnt-4 fail to form pretubular cell aggregates. Wnt-4 acts as an autoinducer of the mesenchymal to epithelial transition underlying nephron development. We have identified a member of the gene family encoding secreted frizzled related proteins (sFRP), putative Wnt antagonists, that shows overlapping expression with Wnt-4 in aggregating mesenchyme and simple epithelial bodies during metanephric development. sFRP-2 expression is absent in metanephric mesenchyme of kidneys mutant for Wnt-4 and is coinduced with Wnt-4 in isolated metanephric mesenchyme by cells expressing Wnt-4. The cysteine-rich domain of sFRP-2 binds to Wnt-4 as shown by coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Hence, sFRP-2 is a target of the Wnt-4 signaling pathway in the metanephric kidney and may modulate Wnt-4 signaling. sFRP-2 expression is highly dynamic and specific during other aspects of embryogenesis. sFRP-2 is expressed in subpopulations of ependymal cells in spinal cord and brain, in the developing eye, in limb bud mesenchyme, in the heart, and strongly in skeletogenic condensations of facial bones, suggesting widespread interaction with other members of the Wnt gene family during embryogenesis.
Intramolecular Heck Cyclisation-β-Alkoxy Elimination in Carbohydrate Chemistry. A Simple Route to Enantiopure Annelated Dioxatricyclic Compounds (1999)

Enantiopure cis-fused pyrano[2,3c]pyrans are obtained from glycals via an intramolecular Heck cyclization followed by a palladium-β-alkoxy elimination.
<i>In vitro</i> characterization of prostanoid FP‐, DP‐, IP‐ and TP‐receptors on the non‐pregnant human myometrium (1992)

1. Prostaglandin F (PGF), PGD, PGI and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptors have been pharmacologically characterized on the non-pregnant human myometrium in vitro in accordance with the receptor classification proposed by Coleman et al. (1984). The tools for the classification include both natural prostanoids, synthetic, selective analogues and antagonists where available. 2. The potent excitatory actions of the natural FP-receptor prostanoid, PGF2 alpha, and the synthetic analogue, fluprostenol, indicate the presence of FP-receptors mediating contraction on the human myometrium. 3. PGD2 produced a biphasic response consisting of excitation followed by relaxation of spontaneous activity of the myometrium. The selective DP-receptor agonists, BW245C, produced purely inhibitory responses illustrating the presence of inhibitory DP-receptors in this tissue. The inhibitory responses of both PGD2 and BW245C were antagonized by the competitive DP-receptor antagonist, BWA 868C, providing conclusive evidence for the existence of DP-receptors. 4. PGI2 produced a biphasic response similar to PGD2. Iloprost, the EP1/IP-receptor agonist also produced a biphasic response, whilst the IP-receptor selective agonist, cicaprost, caused inhibition only, suggesting that inhibitory IP-receptors exist in the non-pregnant human myometrium. 5. The TXA2-mimetic, U46619, produced marked stimulation of the non-pregnant human myometrium and was approximately equipotent to PGF2 alpha and fluprostenol in this effect. The actions of U46619 were competitively antagonized by the TP-receptor antagonist GR32191 showing that excitatory TP-receptors exist in this tissue.6. All prostanoids tested, both natural and synthetic, had activity on the non-pregnant human myometrium in vitro, supporting the existence of a heterogeneous population of prostanoid receptors in this tissue. If the results from the present study are combined with those previously reported for EP-receptor agonists (Senior et al., 1991), it may be concluded that excitation may occur through FP-, TP-, EP3- and few EP,-receptors, whereas inhibition may occur through DP-, IP- and EP2-receptors.
EFNS guidelines on the Clinical Management of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (MALS) – revised report of an EFNS task force (2011)

Patients with symptoms suggestive of ALS should be assessed as soon as possible by an experienced neurologist. Early diagnosis should be pursued, and investigations, including neurophysiology, performed with a high priority. The patient should be informed of the diagnosis by a consultant with a good knowledge of the patient and the disease. Following diagnosis, the patient and relatives/carers should receive regular support from a multidisciplinary care team. Medication with riluzole should be initiated as early as possible. Control of symptoms such as sialorrhoea, thick mucus, emotional lability, cramps, spasticity and pain should be attempted. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding improves nutrition and quality of life, and gastrostomy tubes should be placed before respiratory insufficiency develops. Non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation also improves survival and quality of life. Maintaining the patient's ability to communicate is essential. During the entire course of the disease, every effort should be made to maintain patient autonomy. Advance directives for palliative end-of-life care should be discussed early with the patient and carers, respecting the patient's social and cultural background.
Combining static and dynamic analysis for the reverse engineering of web applications (2013)

Software has become so complex that it is increasingly hard to have a complete understanding of how a particular system will behave. Web applications, their user interfaces in particular, are built with a wide variety of technologies making them particularly hard to debug and maintain. Reverse engineering techniques, either through static analysis of the code or dynamic analysis of the running application, can be used to help gain this understanding. Each type of technique has its limitations. With static analysis it is difficult to have good coverage of highly dynamic applications, while dynamic analysis faces problems with guaranteeing that generated models fully capture the behavior of the system. This paper proposes a new hybrid approach for the reverse engineering of web applications' user interfaces. The approach combines dynamic analyzes of the application at runtime, with static analyzes of the source code of the event handlers found during interaction. Information derived from the source code is both directly added to the generated models, and used to guide the dynamic analysis.
A systematic approach for structuring exception handling in robust component-based software (2004)

Abstract Component-based development (CBD) is recognized today as the standard paradigm for structuring large software systems. However, the most popular component models and component-based development processes provide little guidance on how to systematically incorporate exception handling into component-based systems. The problem of how to employ language-level exception handling mechanisms to introduce redundancy in componentbased systems is recognized by CBD practitioners as very difficult and often not adequately solved. As a consequence, the implementation of the redundant exceptional behaviour causes a negative impact, instead of a positive one, on system and maintainability. In this paper, we propose an approach for the construction of dependable component-based systems that integrates two complementary strategies: (i) a global exception handling strategy for inter-component composition and (ii) a local exception handling strategy for dealing with errors in reusable components. A case study illustrates the application of our approach to a real software system.
A versatile macro-initiator with dual functional anchoring groups for surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization on various substrates (2012)

A versatile macro-initiator with dual functional anchoring groups for surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) on various substrates is reported. Conventional free radical copolymerization was performed with N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethyl methacrylamide (a dopamine anchor-containing monomer), 4-(1-pyrenyl) butyl methacrylate (a pyrene anchor-containing monomer), and 2-(2-bromoisobutyryloxy) ethyl methacrylate (an ATRP-initiating monomer) to produce a random copolymer. Dopamine anchors on the copolymer could assemble on the macroscopic planar substrates (e.g., Si, Ti, Au, Cu, stainless steel, Al2O3, PI, PTFE, PDMS, textile, and wood) and pyrene anchors on the carbon-based nanoscaled materials (e.g., two-dimensional graphene oxide and one-dimensional carbon nanotubes). The successful preparation of polymer brushes through SI-ATRP in a water and methanol system from various substrates was characterized via ATR-IR, AFM, XPS, TGA, and TEM, which confirmed the versatility of the macro-initiator. More importantly, a synergistic anchoring effect between catechol and pyrene groups was discovered, leading to high quantities of grafted polymers from the graphene oxide substrates. Microcontact printing of the macro-initiator was also demonstrated in the formation of patterned surfaces on the Ti substrate.
Identification of a hepatitis C virus–reactive T cell receptor that does not require CD8 for target cell recognition (2006)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been reported to elicit B and T cell immunity in infected patients. Despite the presence of antiviral immunity, many patients develop chronic infections leading to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure that can require transplantation. We have previously described the presence of HLA-A2-restricted, HCV NS3-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the blood of HLA-A2- liver transplantation patients that received an HLA-A2+ liver allograft. These T cells are analogous to the "allospecific" T cells that have been described in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients. It has been speculated that allospecific T cells express high-affinity T cell receptors (TCRs). To determine if our HCV-reactive T cells expressed TCRs with relatively high affinity for antigen, we identified and cloned a TCR from an allospecific HLA-A2-restricted, HCV:NS3:1406-1415-reactive CD8+ T cell clone and expressed this HCV TCR in Jurkat cells. Tetramer binding to HCV TCR-transduced Jurkat cells required CD8 expression, whereas antigen recognition did not. In conclusion, based on the reactivity of the TCR-transduced Jurkat cells, we have identified a TCR that transfers anti-HCV reactivity to alternate effectors. These data suggest this high affinity HCV-specific TCR might have potential new immunotherapic implications.
Preparation of microcapsules with self-microemulsifying core by a vibrating nozzle method (2007)

Incorporation of drugs in self-microemulsifying systems (SMES) offers several advantages for their delivery, the main one being faster drug dissolution and absorption. Formulation of SMES in solid dosage forms can be difficult and, to date, most SMES are applied in liquid dosage form or soft gelatin capsules. This study has explored the incorporation of SMES in microcapsules, which could then be used for formulation of solid dosage forms. An Inotech IE-50 R encapsulator equipped with a concentric nozzle was used to produce alginate microcapsules with a self-microemulsifying core. Retention of the core phase was improved by optimization of encapsulator parameters and modification of the shell forming phase and hardening solution. The mean encapsulation efficiency of final batches was more than 87%, which resulted in 0.07% drug loading. It was demonstrated that production of microcapsules with a self-microemulsifying core is possible and that the process is stable and reproducible.
Phase Equilibria in CO2—Multicomponent Hydrocarbon Systems: Experimental Data and an Improved Prediction Technique (1984)

Abstract Numerical simulation of miscible EOR processes requires calculation of the phase equilibria that exist between solvent and oil over the entire solvent/oil composition range. One calculation approach is to tabulate K-values from experimental data and allow the simulator to access the table when necessary. This approach can lead to erroneous conclusions for CO2 miscible processes if there are insufficient tabulated phase equilibrium data to cover all possible compositions, in particular those cases where three phases exist at some point in the displacement. This paper presents a different approach to the problem. If a generalized equation of state (EOS) can match experimental data, then it can be used in a reservoir simulator to calculate the phase equilibria necessary for the prediction of fluid compositions, densities, and viscosities during a displacement process. Previous work has shown how a generalized Redlich-Kwong equation can be used to calculate typical hydrocarbon phase behavior relationships that exist in condensate and black oil reservoir systems. The equation parameters have been modified further for use in hydrocarbon/CO2 calculations over a wide range of CO2 concentrations. Appropriate mixing rules for description of the phase equilibria in CO2/hydrocarbon systems have been developed. Experimental binary vapor/liquid equilibrium (VLE) data have been used to evaluate the constants in the EOS for pure CO2 as well as interaction terms used within the mixing rules. Predictions of phase equilibria then have been made and compared with experimental data for a synthetic multicomponent hydrocarbon/CO2 system and a crude oil/CO2 system.
Basic experiment of partial solidification of a thermosettig resin with an IR laser. (1989)

To develop an automatated system producing steric objects, the solidification of a thermosetting resin was examined by scanning the IR laser. Experiments carried out at various laser powers and scanning rates, revealed that the resin can be solidified in a short time to shape the objects and that an overmuch power density gives rise to overall solidification of the resin. This method may provide a new technique for manufacturing plastic models.
What price dissection? Dissection literally dissected (2001)

Hamlet: Has this fellow no feelings of his business, that he sings at grave-making? Horatio: Custom hath made it in him a property of easiness. (Hamlet Act V, scene i) Hamlet is appalled by the gravedigger's insensitivity towards death and corpses. Horatio explains that the gravedigger is so accustomed to such things that he no longer shares Hamlet's seriousness. We contend that human dissection may make in medical students and doctors the "property of easiness" in dealing with death and the human body, and that this may have negative consequences for medics and patients. It is perhaps worth emphasising at the outset what this essay is NOT about. We do not wish to call into question the value of dissection in medical education; to charge dissection with being an inefficient or ineffective means of teaching and learning human anatomy is not our intent. Instead, we explore, through the medium of literature, experiences of dissection, and what kind of student and doctor may be encouraged or produced by the dissection room; what price might be paid for a practical, first-hand experience of human anatomy.
The Case of the Singing Scientist (1992)

This article, based on a year-long project in an urban K/1 classroom offers a case study of a young child who used school writing activities to perform rather than simply to communicate. A performer differs from a mere communicator in both the nature of language produced and in the kind of stance taken toward an audience. Although the child's language resources contributed to his success with written language, they did not always fit comfortably into the “writing workshop” used in his classroom; in fact, his assumptions about written language and texts conflicted in revealing ways with those undergirding a workshop approach. Thus, the study helps make explicit many unexamined assumptions of current written language pedagogies, particularly those involving the nature of literary sense, the relationship between writers' “audience” and their “helpers,” and most important, the links between oral performance, literacy pedagogy, and the use of the explicit, analytic language valued in school.
Osteopontin splice variants are differential predictors of breast cancer treatment responses (2016)

The addition of osteopontin splice variant immunohistochemistry to standard pathology work-ups has the potential to aid decision making in breast cancer treatment.
Studies on Synthesis and Anthelmintic Action of Hydroxycoumarin Derivatives (1953)

Some new compounds, four kinds of 7-hydroxycoumarin and two kinds of 4-methyl-umbelliferon derivatives, were prepared. These and 13 kinds of esculetin and umbelliferon derivatives were used in testing anthelmintic action in vitro, using hog ascaris. Umbel-liferon derivatives gave lower melting points with increase of carbon atoms and in that order, increased anthelmintic action. Esculetin derivatives generally showed weak action while the introduction of a methyl radical in the 4-position of umbelliferon butyl ether resulted in the decrease of anthelmintic action.
New presepectives on component and system ESD (2014)

With rapid technology changes the perspectives on both component and system ESD are changing. System ESD is one of the key concerns in the design of electronic systems and requires a good knowledge of the exposed pins and their careful characterization that allows a system-efficient ESD design. The purpose of the paper is to highlight these shifting issues for components and systems and to give an overview of a novel design methodology for system ESD.