gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) as a marker for ischaemic changes in rat brain following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (1991)

Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) was used to delineate ischaemic lesions in the rat brain at various times following middle cerebral artery occlusion. A comparison was made of TTC staining by immersion and perfusion techniques and conventional light microscopy. The lesions were quantified by measuring the ischaemic area at the sections corresponding to 7 mm in front of the AO line (atlas of Konig and Klippel). In animals examined 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), the area of infarction was 17.4 +/- 1.3 mm2 on the TTC perfused slices and 17.6 +/- 1.6 mm2 on the TTC immersed slices (mean +/- SEM). By contrast, there was a marked difference between the two TTC methods when tissues were examined at shorter intervals after artery occlusion. In the TTC-perfused animals, there was no significant difference between the mean areas of infarction measured at 5-20 min, 3-4 h, or 24 h post occlusion. Immersion in TTC, however, failed to reveal any consistent ischaemic damage when applied at the earlier post-occlusion times. Conventional histopathology demonstrated minimal lesions at 5-20 min but at 4 h or more the lesions were not significantly different from those demonstrated by TTC perfusion. TTC immersion staining can, thus, only be used as a reliable marker of cerebral ischaemia damage with post-occlusion survival periods of 24 h. TTC perfusion staining gives results not significantly different from histopathology at 4 h or more post-occlusion but at earlier intervals than 24 h it differs significantly from TTC immersion staining.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Integral equation solution of Maxwell's equations from zero frequency to microwave frequencies (2000)

We develop a new method to precondition the matrix equation resulting from applying the method of moments (MoM) to the electric field integral equation (EFIE). This preconditioning method is based on first applying the loop-tree or loop-star decomposition of the currents to arrive at a Helmholtz decomposition of the unknown currents. However, the MoM matrix thus obtained still cannot be solved efficiently by iterative solvers due to the large number of iterations required. We propose a permutation of the loop-tree or loop-star currents by a connection matrix, to arrive at a current basis that yields a MoM matrix that can be solved efficiently by iterative solvers. Consequently, dramatic reduction in iteration count has been observed. The various steps can be regarded as a rearrangement of the basis functions to arrive at the MoM matrix. Therefore, they are related to the original MoM matrix by matrix transformation, where the transformation requires the inverse of the connection matrix. We have also developed a fast method to invert the connection matrix so that the complexity of the preconditioning procedure is of O(N) and, hence, can be used in fast solvers such as the low-frequency multilevel fast multipole algorithm (LP-MLFMA). This procedure also makes viable the use of fast solvers such as MLFMA to seek the iterative solutions of Maxwell's equations from zero frequency to microwave frequencies.
Molecular genetic investigation of the neurofibromatosis type 2 tumor suppressor gene in sporadic meningioma (1996)

The authors investigated the role of somatic mutations of the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene in sporadic meningioma. Neurofibromatosis 2 is a dominantly inherited familial tumor syndrome predisposing affected patients to a variety of central nervous system tumors including vestibular schwannoma and meningioma. Neurofibromatosis type 2 is caused by germline mutations in the NF2 tumor suppressor gene. In addition, the authors and others have reported that somatic NF2 gene mutations occur frequently in nonfamilial vestibular schwannoma. In this study, molecular genetic analysis was performed on 23 nonfamilial meningiomas. Paired DNA samples extracted from the blood and tumors of the patients were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the region of the NF2 gene on chromosome 22 using closely linked DNA markers. The NF2 gene mutations were sought by single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing. Fourteen (61%) of 23 meningiomas showed LOH in the region of the NF2 gene on chromosome 22. Somatic NF2 gene mutations were detected in eight meningiomas (35%) after screening all 17 exons. All tumors with NF2 gene mutations showed simultaneous chromosome 22 LOH. Review of the histopathological findings of the cases studied did not demonstrate any predominance of genetic abnormalities in a particular histological type of meningioma. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that the NF2 gene acts as a tumor suppressor and that its inactivation is important in the pathogenesis of sporadic meningioma.
Remote phosphor with recycling blue-pass mirror (2005)

Phosphor-conversion (PC) LEDs are the leading type of white solid-state lighting (SSL), due to the high efficacy of the yellow wavelengths of blue-stimulated photoluminescence. Conventional phosphor-conversion LEDs have the photoluminescent phosphor in immediate contact with the blue LED. Major types are the thin conformal phosphor and the thick or in-cup phosphor. The first trades away efficiency for increased luminance, while the latter gains efficiency at reduced luminance. In both cases the phosphor suffers from the elevated temperature of the blue chip, particularly the thermal quenching that reduces phosphor quantum efficiency. Also, the inevitable 15% Stokes heat of the phosphor conversion of blue light to longer-wave yellow light adds to the chip's heat load, as does much of a conformal phosphor's back-emission into the chip. It would be preferable to relocate the phosphor away from the chip illuminating it. Although remote phosphors have recently been showcased, their phosphor is much larger than the chip, greatly reducing luminance. A new design is presented of a Dual-Optic-based remote phosphor configuration with minimal increase in phosphor etendue over that of the source, as well as greatly improved spatial uniformity. Moreover, the yellow phosphor back-emission is recycled with a blue-pass mirror that re-illuminates the phosphor to increase its luminance. The result is a new white-light source with superior luminance, efficacy, and uniformity.
Coordinating Filters for Faster Deep Neural Networks (2017)

Very large-scale Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable successes in a large variety of computer vision tasks. However, the high computation intensity of DNNs makes it challenging to deploy these models on resource-limited systems. Some studies used low-rank approaches that approximate the filters by low-rank basis to accelerate the testing. Those works directly decomposed the pre-trained DNNs by Low-Rank Approximations (LRA). How to train DNNs toward lower-rank space for more efficient DNNs, however, remains as an open area. To solve the issue, in this work, we propose Force Regularization, which uses attractive forces to enforce filters so as to coordinate more weight information into lower-rank space <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . We mathematically and empirically verify that after applying our technique, standard LRA methods can reconstruct filters using much lower basis and thus result in faster DNNs. The effectiveness of our approach is comprehensively evaluated in ResNets, AlexNet, and GoogLeNet. In AlexNet, for example, Force Regularization gains 2× speedup on modern GPU without accuracy loss and 4:05× speedup on CPU by paying small accuracy degradation. Moreover, Force Regularization better initializes the low-rank DNNs such that the fine-tuning can converge faster toward higher accuracy. The obtained lower-rank DNNs can be further sparsified, proving that Force Regularization can be integrated with state-of-the-art sparsity-based acceleration methods.
The Metabolic Sequence for the Occurrence of an Anomalous Bile Acid, 12-Ketochenodeoxycholic Acid, Found in the Bile of Hepatobiliary Diseased Patients (1972)

The metabolic sequence for the occurrence of an anomalous bile acid, 12-ketochenodeoxycholic acid (12-KCCA),* found in the bile of patients with hepatobiliary diseases was disclosed. 1. The H-1 strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from the fistula bile of a patient, in which conjugated 12-KCCA was detected, showed fairly strict substrate specificity for 12α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenation among bile acids and alcohols. 2. Only the H-1 strain had the ability to dehydrogenate cholic acid at 12-position, but a hundred strains of Staph. epidermidis collected either from nasal cavities or indoor air did not. 3. Labeled 12-KCCA administered peros to rats remained unchanged in the intestinal cavity, while it was converted predominantly to taurocholate during the enterohepatic circulation. 4. The 12-ketosteroid reductase was shown to be present in the rat liver homogenate and to localize predominantly in the microsomal fraction. 5. Based on these observations, a possible metabolic sequence was presented.
Toxicidade córneo-conjuntival do colírio de iodo-povidona: estudo experimental (2003)

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a toxicidade ocular do colírio de iodo-povidona a 2,5% e a 0,5% sobre a superfície ocular, na regeneração do epitélio corneal e as alterações histopatológicas da córnea. MÉTODOS: Realizaram-se estudos experimentais consecutivos em coelhos albinos, nos quais se fez a ablação do epitélio de uma área circular central da córnea de 6,5 mm de diâmetro. Em cada experimento foram utilizados 20 animais (40 olhos), sendo que no olho direito foi instilado o colírio de iodo-povidona (caso) e no olho esquerdo água destilada (controle), em intervalos de uma hora, durante três dias consecutivos. Durante o experimento, os animais foram submetidos a exames biomicroscópicos diários para avaliação da superfície córneo-conjuntival e realização de fotografias seriadas da área sem epitélio, corada com fluoresceína, para medida da área projetada da lesão com auxílio de analisador de imagem computadorizado. No final do experimento, os animais foram sacrificados para avaliação histopatológica das córneas. RESULTADOS: O colírio de iodo-povidona a 2,5% comprometeu a regeneração epitelial, causou conjuntivite em 100% dos olhos, com produção de secreção de aspecto mucoso em 80%, ceratite ponteada em 40% e edema estrômico leve em 10% dos casos. Os achados histopatológicos foram úlcera de córnea, degeneração hidrópica das células endoteliais e infiltrado inflamatório com predomínio de eosinófilos em 100% dos casos. Nos olhos em que se instilou iodo-povidona a 0,5%, assim como nos controles, observou-se completa regeneração da lesão epitelial (p<0,001) após 72 horas do início do experimento. Do ponto de vista histopatológico, epitelização normal em todos os casos e controles, em apenas um caso observou-se discreto infiltrado de leucócitos perilímbicos. CONCLUSÃO: A toxicidade ocular do colírio de iodo-povidona é dependente da concentração da solução, sendo que o colírio a 2,5% mostrou-se inadequado para utilização em intervalos de uma hora e a 0,5% não causou toxicidade significante.
High frequency plant regeneration from desiccated calli of indica rice (Oryza Sativa l.) (2004)

An efficient and reproducible protocol is required to achieve high frequency transformation from transformed calli. We report here high frequency plant regeneration from mature seed derived embryogenic calli of two recalcitrant indica rice cultivars HKR-46 and HKR-126 after partial desiccation treatment. Embryogenic and nodular callus was initiated on MS basal medium supplemented with 2.5 mg l-1 2,4-D, 500 mg l-1 proline, 500 mg l-1 casein hydrolysate, 30 g l-1 sucrose and 2.5 g l-1 gelrite. Several media with different combinations of growth regulators were tried. Maximum shoot regeneration frequency (63%) was observed in partially desiccated calli for 48 h in cv. HKR 46 and 82.1 per cent in cv. HKR-126 on the MS modified medium supplemented with 2 mg l-1 kinetin + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA + 30 gl-1 sucrose + 6 g l-1 gelrite followed by in the medium supplemented with 1 mgl-1 2ip + 30 g l-1 sucrose + 6 g l-1 gelrite (61% in cv. HKR-46 and 79.2 % in cv. HKR-126). Highly significant regeneration differences were observed in partially desiccated calli (48 h) in comparison to non-dehydrated (0 h desiccation) calli. Shoot regeneration frequency increased from 1.2 to 5.6 fold after 48 h of desiccation in both the cultivars on different regeneration media. Shoot regeneration frequency declined at 72 h desiccation treatment as compared to 48 h treatment. Well-developed plantlets were hardened and transferred to the green house.   Key words: Plant regeneration, indica rice, mature embryo, partial desiccation.
Liquid-Crystal Electric and Magnetic Field Sensors<sup>†</sup> (1986)

Abstract Molecular-orientations in liquid-crystal cells can be changed by the external electric field even if voltages are not directly applied across the electrodes. Then the strength of the electric field can be measured by the change of the molecular orientations, that is, of the optical properties of the liquid-crystal cells in the electric field, as well as in the magnetic field. Both reflection and transmission type field sensors are prepared by using TN cells and optical fiber systems. When the substrate surface of the cell is perpendicular to the field, the transmittance increases above the threshold of the field strength. On the other hand, when the surface is parallel to the field, the transmittance continuously increases according to the increase of the field covering the wide range. Key Words: Liquid-crystal sensorelectric field sensormagnetic field sensoroptical fiberTN cell
On the mechanism of the reduction of .alpha.-haloketones by 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenylbenzimidazoline. Reduction by a SET (single electron transfer)-hydrogen atom abstraction chain mechanism (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the mechanism of the reduction of .alpha.-haloketones by 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenylbenzimidazoline. Reduction by a SET (single electron transfer)-hydrogen atom abstraction chain mechanismDennis D. Tanner and Jian Jeffrey ChenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 16, 3842–3846Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00277a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00277a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views707Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Bordetella holmesii</i>–Like Organisms Associated with Septicemia, Endocarditis, and Respiratory Failure (1998)

We recovered an unusual bacterial strain from blood or sputum of three patients with septicemia, endocarditis, and/or respiratory failure. The three isolates were thin, curved, gram-negative, light brown, pigment-producing bacilli with variable catalase activity. They were asaccharolytic, oxidase-negative, nonmotile, and fastidious. Identification was not possible on the basis of these characteristics alone or in combination with cellular fatty acid profiles. Nucleic acid amplification and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that all three isolates were identical and most closely related to the emerging pathogen Bordetella holmesii, diverging from the published sequence at three nucleotide positions (99.8% similarity). Isolation of a B. holmesii-like pathogen from sputum suggests that, in addition to producing septicemia, the organism may inhabit the respiratory tract like other Bordetella species.
Texas Ranger, March 1948 (2016)

Table of Contents: Sham be Damned (p. 4) -- Just about Everything (p. 6) -- Meet the Staff (p. 8) -- Journalism Department (p. 13) -- The Heroes (p. 15) -- Blind Student (p. 16) -- Girl of the Month (p. 18) -- A Short Story (p. 20) -- Senator "Happy" O'Toole Girdles the Globe (p. 22) -- "Guts" Wysocki, Lover of the Arts (p. 26) -- An Editorial (p. 40)
Selenium-and tellurium-containing silatrane derivatives having an ECH2Si fragment (E = Se, Te) (2006)

Previously unknown 1-(methylselenomethyl)-and 1-(phenyltelluromethyl)silatrane, bis(silatranylmethyl) selenide, bis(silatranylmethyl) telluride, bis(silatranylmethyl) diselenide, and dimethyl(triethoxysilylmethyl)telluronium, phenyl(silatranylmethyl)telluronium, methylbis(silatranylmethyl)selenonium, methylbis(silatranylmethyl)telluronium, and tris(silatranylmethyl)selenonium iodides were synthesized. The NMR spectra of these compounds, as well as of isostructural (methylchalcogenomethyl)triethoxysilanes, 1-(methylchalcogenomethyl)silatranes, the corresponding methylchalcogenonium iodides, methylorganyl(silatranylmethyl)chalcogenonium iodides, bis(trialkoxysilylmethyl) chalcogenides, and bis(silatranylmethyl) chalcogenides, in CDCl3, CD3OH, CD3CN, and DMSO-d 6 were studied.
Training on multiple sub-flows to optimise the use of Machine Learning classifiers in real-world IP networks (2006)

Literature on the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms for classifying IP traffic has relied on full-flows or the first few packets of flows. In contrast, many real-world scenarios require a classification decision well before a flow has finished even if the flow's beginning is lost. This implies classification must be achieved using statistics derived from the most recent N packets taken at any arbitrary point in a flow's lifetime. We propose training the classifier on a combination of short sub-flows (extracted from full-flow examples of the target application's traffic). We demonstrate this optimisation using the naive Bayes ML algorithm, and show that our approach results in excellent performance even when classification is initiated mid-way through a flow with windows as small as 25 packets long. We suggest future use of unsupervised ML algorithms to identify optimal sub-flows for training
On the optimal error regulation of a string of moving vehicles (1966)

This paper uses the theory of optimal control to design an optimal linear feedback system which regulates the position and velocity of every vehicle in a densely packed string of high-speed moving vehicles. In addition to the general theoretical formulation and solution of the optimization problem, analog computer simulation results are presented for the case of a string of three vehicles.
On the Use of Taxonomies for Representing Case Features and Local Similarity Measures (1998)

For defining attribute types to be used in the case representation, taxonomies occur quite often. The symbolic values at any node of the taxonomy tree are used as attribute values in a case or a query. A taxonomy type represents a relationship between the symbols through their position within the taxonomy-tree which expresses knowledge about the similarity between the symbols. This paper analyzes several situations in which taxonomies are used in different ways and proposes a systematic way of specifying local similarity measures for taxonomy types. The proposed similarity measures have a clear semantics and are easy to compute at runtime. 1. Introduction In current academic and commercial CBR systems, cases are often represented in an object-oriented fashion. Cases are collections of objects, each of which is described by a set of attribute-value pairs. The structure of an object is described by an object class that defines the set of attributes together with a type (set of possibl...
EnclaveDom: Privilege Separation for Large-TCB Applications in Trusted Execution Environments (2019)

Trusted executions environments (TEEs) such as Intel(R) SGX provide hardware-isolated execution areas in memory, called enclaves. By running only the most trusted application components in the enclave, TEEs enable developers to minimize the TCB of their applications thereby helping to protect sensitive application data. However, porting existing applications to TEEs often requires considerable refactoring efforts, as TEEs provide a restricted interface to standard OS features. To ease development efforts, TEE application developers often choose to run their unmodified application in a library OS container that provides a full in-enclave OS interface. Yet, this large-TCB development approach now leaves sensitive in-enclave data exposed to potential bugs or vulnerabilities in third-party code imported into the application. Importantly, because the TEE libOS and the application run in the same enclave address space, even the libOS management data structures (e.g. file descriptor table) may be vulnerable to attack, where in traditional OSes these data structures may be protected via privilege isolation. We present EnclaveDom, a privilege separation system for large-TCB TEE applications that partitions an enclave into tagged memory regions, and enforces per-region access rules at the granularity of individual in-enclave functions. EnclaveDom is implemented on Intel SGX using Memory Protection Keys (MPK) for memory tagging. To evaluate the security and performance impact of EnclaveDom, we integrated EnclaveDom with the Graphene-SGX library OS. While no product or component can be absolutely secure, our prototype helps protect internal libOS management data structures against tampering by application-level code. At every libOS system call, EnclaveDom then only grants access to those internal data structures which the syscall needs to perform its task.
The real value of people (1991)

Yet again nurses have lost out through the Government’s staging of their pay award. Few would argue with the need to maintain morale among service personnel, their pay award is almost certainly well deserved
BER of DS/CDMA using symbol-aided coherent demodulation over Rician and Rayleigh fading channels (2002)

The BER of DS/CDMA systems that use symbol-aided demodulation (SAD) over Rayleigh and Rician fading channels is evaluated. Known symbols are transmitted with a certain frequency together with the data symbols and are used by the receiver to extract a phase reference for demodulation. Different schemes for filtering of the known symbols to obtain the phase reference needed for demodulation are considered and BER comparisons are made. The BER of these SAD DS/CDMA schemes is also compared with that of fully coherent and differentially coherent DS/CDMA systems operating over Rician and Rayleigh fading channels. The important role of filtering in SAD for DS/CDMA networks is studied in detail and it is shown that under some channel and system conditions (such as terrestrial mobile with low data rates) optimum (Wiener) filtering is needed while for other channel and system conditions (such as GEO satellite with higher data rates) simpler low pass filters are sufficient.