gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Firing Order Selection in Relation to Vibration Aspects (2003)

Selecting the optimum firing order for a combustion engine is an important decision to make when developing an engine. Typically, the optimum choice is made on the basis of a weighted balance between a number of interrelated engine vibration characteristics, such as: balancing, free forces and free moments, guide force distribution, inner bending moments, bearing load, and torsional and axial vibration behaviour. Also gas dynamic properties making each cylinder do the same amount of work is considered. In addition to the traditional firing sequence selection, implying the same firing interval between cylinder units, also so-called irregular firing orders, characterized by different intervals between the individual firings, are considered. Various methods and strategies can be applied, considering that different engine applications exhibit completely different vibratory behaviour, e.g. marine propulsion plants compared with stationary installations. This paper will give examples relating to various applications for both two-stroke and four-stroke engines. Four-stroke: Realizing that the engine is often an integrated part of a complex system, it is demonstrated in this paper that analysing the whole system in terms of linear vibrations, the optimum firing order is different from the firing order determined with traditional methods. The system analysed here is a genset for marine or stationary application consisting of a 9-cylinder diesel engine, alternator and base frame. All three parts are bolted together as one unit, resiliently mounted on a ship or a land-based foundation. Two-stroke: The traditional 7-cylinder marine propulsion engine firing sequence is modified in order to be able to run safely directly at a two-node torsional resonance without installing a T/V damper. The 12-cylinder stationary engine has been modified so as to reduce installation costs and improve the coupled torsional-axial vibratory behaviour. The 10-cylinder marine engine firing sequence has been modified in order to achieve more favourable structural vibration characteristics.
Oxygen permeation and microstructure of intergrowth perovskite Sr-La-Fe-Co based mixed-conductive ceramics (2009)

The partial oxidation reforming method is advantageous to develop highly effective and low-cost products of H2 gas used for fuel cells. For the partial oxidation, however, large amount of pure O2 gas are desirable for acceleration of the H2 production. Electronic and oxygen ionic conductive (mixed-conductive) oxide ceramics can be used to obtain pure O2 gas, because the mixed conductivity contributes to permeate pure O2 gas from air at the elevated temperatures. However, high permeation temperature of above 900°C is a problem. Higher temperature for the permeation incurs deterioration of both the ceramics and the steel to support the ceramics. We intend to find out a new mixed-conductive oxide with high oxygen permeation at lower temperatures than 900°C. In this study, we focus the Sr-La-Fe-Co oxides characterized by the intergrowth structures. We have investigated an appropriate condition to prepare Sr3-xLaxFeCoO7-δ ceramics with intergrowth perovskite structure. Then we have investigated microstructures as well as oxygen permeation properties of a dense Sr2.45La0.55FeCoO7-δ ceramics. The oxygen permeation flux of the Sr2.45La0.55FeCoO7-δ ceramics was as high as that of cubic perovskite Sr0.8La0.2 Fe0.8Ga0.2O3-δceramics.
Preservative-free Treatment in Glaucoma Is a Sensible and Realistic Aim for the Future (2010)

Medical therapy is usually the first-choice option in the management of glaucoma. However, adverse effects of ophthalmic preparations can potentially jeopardise the safety and efficacy of the treatment. Eye-drop bottles contain multiple components, all of which have the potential to cause adverse reactions, although it is the preservatives that are major culprits. The effect of preservatives on the eye has been studied extensively in both human and animal tissues. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a highly effective preservative and the most commonly used in antiglaucoma medications; however, BAC is toxic to ocular tissue, having the potential to cause adverse effects. The use of less toxic preservatives or preservative-free medications has the potential to improve the management of glaucoma.
Low defect density amorphous hydrogenated silicon prepared by homogeneous chemical vapor deposition (1982)

Compositional, structural and transport data are presented for amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) prepared by homogeneous chemical vapor deposition (HOMOCVD). We find a remarkable similarity in properties between HOMOCVD and plasma a-Si:H, including a nearly identical range (250–300 °C) for the preparation of highly photoconductive films. However, unlike plasma material, HOMOCVD a-Si:H exhibits negligible photo-induced instabilities (Staebler–Wronski effect) and low spin concentrations over a wide span of deposition conditions. These results indicate that a significant defect-creating reaction, most likely surface Si-H bond scission, is occurring in the plasma environment, but absent in HOMOCVD.
ChemInform Abstract: MMo<sub>3</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> (M: Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Rb<sup>+</sup>, Cs<sup>+</sup>, NMe<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) Nanowire Formation via Cation Exchange in Organic Solution. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pontryagin's maximum principle aids transient stability: Bang-bang control of reactance (1968)

Application of Pontryagin's maximum principle to the problem of restoring a power system to its steady-state operating point in minimum time after a transient disturbance is discussed. A new mode of control is presented.
Lesson of the Week: Bilateral cataracts and glaucoma induced by long term use of steroid eye drops (1994)

The adverse effects of topical steroid administration to the eye are well known and include glaucoma, cataract, exacerbation of corneal infection, and systemic effects secondary to systemic absorption.1,2 Previous reports have highlighted the potential reactivation or exacerbation of herpes simplex keratitis, together with an increased risk of other infections.3,4 We report a case of steroid induced glaucoma and cataracts (with irreversible visual loss) following prolonged unsupervised administration of topical steroid eyedrops.

A 47 year old woman presented to the accident and emergency department with a chronic history of irritable eyes, a right upper lid chalazion, and decreasing vision over three months. The ophthalmic history was of left amblyopia and an episode of acute anterior uveitis several years previously. This uveitis had been treated at St Paul's Eye Hospital with topical steroids for four weeks. The only relevant medical history was of hypothyroidism.

On examination her best corrected visual acuities were 6/36 in the …
Integrated planning and management of survivable wireless communications networks (1999)

The problem of integrated, planning and management of survivable wireless communications networks is investigated. A number of major issues in the planning and management process for wireless communications networks are jointly considered. They are (i) mobile telephone switching office (MTSO) allocation, (ii) MTSO interconnection and traffic routing, (iii) base station allocation, (iv) base station transmission power control, (v) channel assignment, and (vi) mobile station homing. Survivability issues are also considered such that the network is designed to survive pre-specified failure scenarios. We formulate the problem as a combinatorial optimization problem where the system installation cost and the channel licensing cost are minimized. The basic approach to the algorithm development is Lagrangean relaxation. In computational experiments, the proposed algorithm is shown to be effective and achieves up to 26% improvement in the total deployment cost over a primal heuristic.
Residual stresses of fibers in tape‐type optical cable and their reduction (1980)

Abstract When the tape‐type optical fibers are twisted or cabled, longitudinal stress is generated in the fibers. This stress has been discussed solely as a practical problem on the stress generation among the tape‐type fibers. In this paper, a practical model is set up and calculation is conducted for the stress generated in the fibers of a tape‐type optical cable. Under the practical condition of normal tape cabling, the main stresses generated on the fiber surfaces are governed by the twists appearing on the individual fibers. The direction of the main stress caused by the twist is different from the stress direction by the conventionally applied screening strength test. Accordingly, it is needed to apply screening to the fiber elements in a tape‐type cable under more intense tensile stress. To reduce the fiber stresses generated by the fiber tape cabling, we propose a “pre‐twisting method” where the fibers are pretwisted in the opposite direction to that of tape cabling, thereby cancelling the cabling stresses. Its effectiveness has been made clear by the experiment.
The Mauriceville Retroplasmid Reverse Transcriptase Initiates cDNA Synthesis De Novo at the 3′ End of tRNAs (1997)

The Mauriceville retroplasmid of Neurospora mitochondria encodes a novel reverse transcriptase that initiates cDNA synthesis de novo (i.e., without a primer) at the 3' CCA of the plasmid transcript's 3' tRNA-like structure (H. Wang and A. M. Lambowitz, Cell 75:1071-1081, 1993). Here, we show that the plasmid reverse transcriptase also initiates cDNA synthesis de novo at the 3' end of tRNAs, leading to synthesis of a full-length cDNA copy of the tRNA. The use of tRNA templates in vivo was suggested previously by the structure of suppressive mutant plasmids that have incorporated mitochondrial tRNA sequences (R. A. Akins, R. L. Kelley, and A. M. Lambowitz, Cell 47:505-516, 1986). The in vitro experiments show that efficient de novo initiation on tRNA templates requires an unpaired 3' CCA and occurs predominantly opposite position C-2 of the 3' CCA sequence, the same position as in the plasmid transcript. In other reactions, the plasmid reverse transcriptase synthesizes cDNA dimers by template switching between two tRNA templates and initiates at an internal position in a tRNA by using the 3' end of the tRNA as a primer. Finally, we show that template switching between the tRNA and the plasmid transcript in vitro gives rise to hybrid cDNAs of the type predicted to be intermediates in the generation of the suppressive mutant plasmids. The ability of the plasmid reverse transcriptase to initiate at the 3' end of tRNAs presumably reflects the recognition of structural features similar to those of the 3' tRNA-like structure of the plasmid transcript. The recognition of tRNAs or tRNA-like structures as templates for cDNA synthesis may be characteristic of primitive reverse transcriptases that evolved from RNA-dependent RNA polymerases.
The Role of Faith in the Midst of Transformed Societies (2007)

Charles West considered the relationship between Marxism and Christianity many times.Already seeking dialogue between East and West when responding to Jozef Hromadka's initiative for the Christian Peace Conference (1958), he withdrew like others after 1968 and was instrumental in the formation of Christians Associated for Relations With Eastern Europe, and was long an associate editor of REE.Unlike other speakers this morning, I've not been deeply immersed in the life of a particular culture of Eastern Europe.Rather I belong to history.Years ago I wrote a dissertation on "Communism and the Theologians," after spending two years sharing the life and witness of the church in Communist East Germany.It was an experience that molded my theology and gave new direction to my life.Ever since, I have been learning from those brothers and sisters in the faith -and from other Christians throughout eastern Europe -what it means to live in the hope given us by God in Christ, free from fear, free from hatred, and free from longing for old securities and cultures.So I have been involved in Christians Associated for Relations with Eastern Europe from the very beginning, even before it was an organization.My experience has bridged
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on WO<sub>3</sub> (2010)

In research on alternative photoanode materials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), there is rarely any report on WO(3), probably due to its acidic surface and more positive (vs NHE) conduction band edge position compared to TiO(2) and ZnO. For the first time, dye-sensitized solar cells based on porous WO(3) nanoparticle films were successfully fabricated with efficiency of up to 0.75%. The multicrystalline structure of WO(3) was examined by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that significant performance enhancement can be obtained from treating the WO(3) nanoparticle film with TiCl(4); the TiCl(4)-treated WO(3) DSCs were recorded with efficiency reaching 1.46%.
Cellulose Metabolism by the Flagellate <i>Trichonympha</i> from a Termite Is Independent of Endosymbiotic Bacteria (1981)

Continuous axenic cultures were established of Trichonympha sphaerica, a cellulose-digesting symbiotic protozoon in the gut of a termite. The cultured flagellates harbored no endosymbiotic bacteria and metabolized cellulose to acetate, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. Thus, the cellulolytic activity of this flagellate is an inherent property and is not dependent on endosymbiotic bacteria.
Siponimod (BAF312) prevents synaptic neurodegeneration in experimental multiple sclerosis (2016)

Altogether, our results show that siponimod has neuroprotective effects in the CNS of EAE mice, which are likely independent of its peripheral immune effect, suggesting that this drug could be effective in limiting neurodegenerative pathological processes in MS.
Blood flow-dependent prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub>regulates intestinal glucose uptake from the blood (1999)

Intestinal glucose uptake (GUi) from blood increased when blood flow (BF) was increased. The increase in BF could elevate shear stress. Therefore, we hypothesize that shear stress-induced release of autacoids mediates the increase in GU(i). A surgically separated segment of small intestine was perfused in situ with the use of an arterial circuit in anesthetized cats. Arterial and portal blood samples were taken simultaneously for assessment of GU(i). Adenosine was used to elevate intestinal BF. The GU(i) increased by 45.0 +/- 18.3 from 25.3 +/- 3.8 micromol. min(-1). 100 g tissue(-1) when the BF increased about four times. It was not a direct effect of adenosine because GU(i) was not altered if the flow was held constant. This increase was blocked by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, but not by nitric oxide synthase blocker N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Furthermore, prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) but not PGE(2) or PGI(2) reversed the blockade of the increase in GU(i) after indomethacin during elevated blood flow, whereas they had no influence on basal uptake. The results suggest that shear stress-induced release of PGF(2alpha) mediated the increase in GU(i) when blood flow was elevated.
Targeted disruption of genes in the <i>Bombyx mori</i> sex pheromone biosynthetic pathway (2006)

The sex pheromone biosynthetic pathways of lepidopterans require the concerted actions of multiple gene products. A number of pheromone gland (PG)-specific genes have been cloned in recent years and, whereas in vitro characterizations have indicated functions consistent with roles in pheromone production, there have been no clear demonstrations in vivo. Using an RNA interference-mediated loss-of-function approach, we injected newly formed Bombyx mori pupae with dsRNAs corresponding to genes of interest [i.e., PG fatty acyl reductase (pgFAR), B. mori PG Z11/Delta10,12 desaturase (Bmpgdesat1), PG acyl-CoA-binding protein (pgACBP), midgut ACBP, and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor (PBANR)] to assess their specific roles during pheromonogenesis. In all cases, the introduced dsRNAs induced a dose-dependent reduction in sex pheromone production with the corresponding decrease in transcript levels. No effects on pupal development or adult emergence were observed. Disrupting the PBANR gene resulted in a loss of the lipase activity that liberates pheromone precursors, whereas knockout of the pgACBP gene prevented the daily accumulation and fluctuation of the triacylglycerols that function as the cellular deposits for the pheromone precursors. Taken together, our results provide unequivocal evidence that the pgACBP, Bmpgdesat1, pgFAR, and PBANR gene products are essential during pheromonogenesis and demonstrate the power of this methodology for dissecting the molecular interactions that comprise biosynthetic pathways.
New 2-MHz Multiarray Borehole-Compensated Resistivity Tool Developed for MWD in Slim Holes (1995)

Abstract To address the increasing number of slim holes being drilled in the range of 5.75 in. to 6.75 in., a mixed-borehole- compensated (MBHC) 2-MHz array resistivity tool with a 4.75-in. collar diameter is described for resistivity measurement-while-drilling (MWD) applications. MBHC is a unique technique developed to minimize the effects of borehole rugosity. The new MWD array resistivity tool makes multiple MBHC phase shift and attenuation resistivity measurements using five transmitter-to-receiver spacings. Five independent MBHC phase shift and attenuation measurements are made at 2 MHz. The five phase shift resistivities have similar vertical responses but with increasing radial depths of investigation. The five attenuation resistivities are also vertically similar but coarser and are radially deeper than the phase shift resistivities. This new array resistivity tool effectively exploits the technology and the interpretation methodology recently developed for wireline induction resistivities and the benefits of multispacing probes for formation evaluation. Most of the petrophysical applications developed in conjunction with the wireline resistivity AIT* Array Induction Imager Tool are illustrated from MWD array resistivity logs acquired while drilling.
Fiber-modes and fiber-anisotropy characterization using low-coherence interferometry (2009)

An optical low-coherence interferometry technique has been used to simultaneously resolve the mode profile and to measure the intermodal dispersion of guided modes of a few-mode fiber. Measurements are performed using short samples of fiber (about 50 cm). There is no need for a complex mode-conversion technique to reach a high interference visibility. Four LP mode groups of the few-mode fiber are resolved. Experimental results and numerical simulations show that the ellipticity of the fiber core leads to a distinct splitting of the degenerate high-order modes in group index. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, it has been demonstrated that degenerate LP11 modes are much more sensitive to core shape variations than the fundamental modes and that intermodal dispersion of high-order degenerate modes can be used for characterizing the anisotropy of an optical waveguide.
Modeling Internet topology (1997)

The topology of a network, or a group of networks such as the Internet, has a strong bearing on many management and performance issues. Good models of the topological structure of a network are essential for developing and analyzing internetworking technology. This article discusses how graph-based models can be used to represent the topology of large networks, particularly aspects of locality and hierarchy present in the Internet. Two implementations that generate networks whose topology resembles that of typical internetworks are described, together with publicly available source code.
Condition Monitoring of Thermal Reciprocating Engines Through Analysis of Rolling Block Oscillations (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a diagnostic technique for the detection of some faults in internal combustion engines based on analysis of rolling block oscillations produced in engines mounted on elastics supports (used to minimize the transmission of vibrations). Therefore, the block (assumed as a rigid body) has some freedom of movement which becomes manifest through oscillations with respect to an axis approximately parallel to the crank-shaft. These oscillations can give information about possible failures, specially those which are related to the differences in the behavior among the cylinders.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">With these considerations, a method has been developed that allows an approximate determination of the instantaneous crankshaft torque through the measurement of rolling block oscillations. These oscillations can be calculated from the measurement of tangential acceleration in a block point which allows the calculation of block angular acceleration.</div>
Progress in language processing technology for electronic rulemaking (2006)

In this project, we are developing new text processing tools that help people perform advanced analysis of large collections of text commentary. This problem is increasingly faced by the U.S. federal government's regulation writers who formulate the rules and regulations that define the details of laws enacted by Congress. Our research focuses on text clustering, text searching, near-duplicate detection, opinion identification, stakeholder characterization, and extractive summarization, as well as the impact of such tools on the process of rulemaking itself. Versions of a Rule-Writer's Workbench are being built by researchers at ISI and CMU, made available for experimental use by our government partners at the DOT and EPA, and evaluated by researchers at the Library and Information Science and Sociology departments at the universities of Pittsburgh and San Francisco, respectively. This project started in October 2004 and is funded for 3 years under the NSF's Digital Government Program.
Droplet Spectra for Some Agricultural Fan Nozzles, with Respect to Drift and Biological Efficiency (1990)

The differences in drop size characteristics along the long axis of “fine”, “medium” and “coarse” sprays produced by agricultural fan nozzles were determined using the Aerometries Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA). Water, water + 0.06% adjuvant, water + 0.4% emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and water +0.2% dispersible granule (DG) were sprayed through each nozzle. There was little difference in volume median diameter (Dv.5), number median diameter (Dn.5) or percent (by number and volume of the spray contained in drops &lt;100um or &gt;300um diameter when water was compared with the DG. However, the EC had a significantly larger Dv.5 than the water sprayed through five out of the six nozzles tested. Therefore, sprays produced by specific nozzles cannot be reliably defined on the basis of data for water alone. The percentage of spray volume contained in drops &lt;100um diameter (most likely to drift) was 4 times greater in fine compared to coarse sprays. However, the 6-fold difference in flowrate results in the higher throughput nozzles producing most “driftable” volume per unit time. In coarse sprays, 69 — 84% by volume, but only 13 – 29% by number, was contained in drops &gt;300um diameter (may rebound upon impaction). When these drops were artificially removed from the analysis, the Dv.5 was in the range 190 – 231um, irrespective of nozzle or'formulation. Thus, while coarse sprays contain, characteristically, large drops (which may contribute to off-target contamination because they are not retained well by plant surfaces), they are not associated with a reduced drift potential compared to fine sprays, based on volume production of drops &lt;100um diameter.