gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chip-level detection in optical code division multiple access (1998)

A new detector for optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communication systems is proposed. This detector is called the chip-level receiver. Both ON-OFF keying (OOK) and pulse-position modulation (PPM) schemes, that utilize this receiver, are investigated in this paper. For OOK, an exact bit error rate is evaluated taking into account the effect of both multiple-user interference and receiver shot noise. An upper bound on the bit error probability for pulse-position modulation (PPM)-CDMA system is derived under the above considerations. The effect of both dark current and thermal noises is neglected in our analysis. Performance comparisons between chip-level, correlation, and optimum receivers are also presented. Both correlation receivers with and without an optical hardlimiter are considered. Our results demonstrate that significant improvement in the performance is gained when using the chip-level receiver in place of the correlation one. Moreover the performance of the chip-level receiver is asymptotically close to the optimum one. Nevertheless, the complexity of this receiver is independent of the number of users, and therefore, much more practical than the optimum receiver.
BIG: a resource-bounded information gathering agent (1998)

Effective information gathering on the WWW is a complex task requiring planning, scheduling, text processing, and interpretation-style reasoning about extracted data to resolve inconsistencies and to refine hypotheses about the data. This paper describes the rationale, architecture, and implementation of a next generation information gathering system -- a system that integrates several areas of AI research under a single research umbrella. The goal of this system is to exploit the vast number of information sources available today on the NII including a growing number of digital libraries, independent news agencies, government agencies, as well as human experts providing a variety of services. The large number of information sources and their different levels of accessibility, reliability and associated costs present a complex information gathering coordination problem. Our solution is an information gathering agent, BIG, that plans to gather information to support a decision process, reasons about the resource tradeoffs of different possible gathering approaches, extracts information from both unstructured and structured documents, and uses the extracted information to refine its search and processing activities.
Field emitters based on porous aluminum oxide templates (1999)

The field-emission properties of cold cathodes produced using nano-porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates are reported. Several types of field emitters were fabricated: aligned copper nanowires grown halfway up the parallel nano-pores of the AAO; aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes grown to the top of the pores; surfaces overgrown with random tangles of carbon nanotubes; and empty AAO templates. Significant field-emission currents (field enhancement values ∼ 1800) were obtained at threshold voltages as low as 80 V (corresponding to fields of 3–4 V/μm) on samples of nanotube tangles. Perfectly aligned carbon nanotubes were less efficient field emitters and had lower field enhancement values. These observations are explained in terms of the mean separation of active tips in the two sets of samples. Empty templates and metal nanowire arrays show lower field enhancements and higher threshold electric fields (40–70 V/μm). In these samples significant field-emission currents are produced at relatively low applied voltages of 110–300 V due to the small inter-electrode separations achieved on depositing a metal grid directly on the surface of the porous template.
Non-invasive cardiac imaging based on just the standard 12-lead signals? (2009)

Recently, we presented progress in the development of an inverse procedure based on the equivalent double layer at the surface of the heart for non-invasive imaging of the activation sequence on this surface. The number of signals used was 64. In this paper we compared the activation sequences estimated from fewer signals from those obtained when using the 64 signals (the activation times estimated from the 64 signals are taken as the gold standard). The lead systems studied involved 32 (Lux), 23 (Barr), eight (standard 12-lead) or six independent (un-weighted Frank) signals. The inverse procedure proved to be remarkably robust with respect to this reduction in the number of leads, the 12-lead ECG yielding the poorest results. We attribute this robustness to the fact that the initial estimate of the solution was based on the general electrophysiology of activation propagation.
IGF-I is a mitogen involved in differentiation-related gene expression in fetal rat brown adipocytes. (1993)

Fetal rat brown adipocytes at time zero of culture constitute a population of cells of broad spectrum, as estimated by cell size, endogenous fluorescence and lipid content, and show an intrinsic mitogenic competence. They express constitutively early growth-related genes such as c-myc, c-fos, and beta-actin, tissue specific-genes such as the uncoupling protein (UCP) and the lipogenic marker malic enzyme (ME). Fetal brown adipocytes bear a high expression of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), and show a high affinity IGF-I specific-binding to its receptor, and a high number of binding sites per cell. After cell quiescence, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was as potent as 10% FCS in inducing DNA synthesis, cell number increase, and the entry of cells into the cell-cycle. In addition, IGF-I or 10% FCS for 48 h increased the percentage of [3H]thymidine-labeled nuclei as compared to quiescent cells. Single cell autoradiographic microphotographs show typical multilocular fat droplets brown adipocytes, resulting positive to [3H]thymidine-labeled nuclei in response to IGF-I. IGF-I increased mRNA expression of the early-response genes c-fos (30 min), c-myc (2 and 24 h), and H-ras (4 and 24 h). 10% FCS also increased c-fos and c-myc, but failed to increase H-ras as an early event. IGF-I or 10% FCS, however, similarly increased the mRNA late expression of c-myc, H-ras, c-raf, beta-actin, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) at 72 h, as compared to quiescent cells. IGF-I or FCS maintained at 24 h or increased at 48 and 72 h UCP mRNA expression. The results demonstrate that IGF-I is a mitogen for fetal rat brown adipocytes, capable of inducing the expression of early and late growth-regulated genes, and of increasing the lipogenic marker ME and the tissue-specific gene UCP, suggesting the involvement of IGF-I in the differentiation as well as in the proliferation processes.
Numerical study of acoustic oscillations and combustion instabilities in solid propellant rocket (1997)

A numerical analysis of unsteady motions in solid rocket motors has been conducted. A fully coupled\nimplicit scheme based on a dual time-stepping integration algorithm has been adopted to solve the governing\nequations and associated boundary conditions. A narrow pressure pulse is imposed at the head end to\nsimulate unsteady acoustic oscillations in the combustion chamber. Pressure increases when the front of the\npulse reaches near the nozzle area. Self-generated oscillations with frequency of standing wave propagates\nupstream in the combustion chamber. Investigation of transient response of gas-phase dynamics to traveling\npressure wave and its effects on propellant combustion reveals several aspects: Combustion responses have\na strong relationship with vorticity fluctuations in case of high turbulent intensity on the propellant surface.\nTemperature fluctuations of the propellant surface in the head end region seem to be very unstable and\nindependent of the pressure wave. Surface temperature without turbulence effect looks more sensitive to\ntemperature fluctuations in the primary flame zone. Stability of surface temperature is strongly related to\nturbulent intensity on the propellant surface.
Ergonomics-for-one in a robotic shopping cart for the blind (2006)

Assessment and design frameworks for human-robot teams attempt to maximize generality by covering a broad range of potential applications. In this paper, we argue that, in assistive robotics, the other side of generality is limited applicability: it is oftentimes more feasible to custom-design and evolve an application that alleviates a specific disability than to spend resources on figuring out how to customize an existing generic framework. We present a case study that shows how we used a pure bottom-up learn-through-deployment approach inspired by the principles of ergonomics-for-one to design, deploy and iteratively re-design a proof-of-concept robotic shopping cart for the blind.
Obatoclax Interacts Synergistically with the Irreversible Proteasome Inhibitor Carfilzomib in GC- and ABC-DLBCL Cells <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2012)

Interactions between the irreversible proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib and the pan-BH3 mimetic obatoclax were examined in germinal center (GC)- and activated B-cell-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) cells. Cotreatment with minimally toxic concentrations of carfilzomib (i.e., 2-6 nmol/L) and subtoxic concentrations of obatoclax (0.05-2.0 μmol/L) synergistically increased apoptosis in multiple DLBCL cell lines and increased lethality toward primary human DLBCL but not normal CD34(+) cells. Synergistic interactions were associated with sharp increases in caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, p-JNK induction, upregulation of Noxa, and AKT dephosphorylation. Combined treatment also diminished carfilzomib-mediated Mcl-1 upregulation whereas immunoprecipitation analysis revealed reduced associations between Bak and Mcl-1/Bcl-xL and Bim and Mcl-1. The carfilzomib/obatoclax regimen triggered translocation, conformational change, and dimerization of Bax and activation of Bak. Genetic interruption of c-jun-NH(2)-kinase (JNK) and Noxa by short hairpin RNA knockdown, ectopic Mcl-1 expression, or enforced activation of AKT significantly attenuated carfilzomib/obatoclax-mediated apoptosis. Notably, coadministration of carfilzomib/obatoclax sharply increased apoptosis in multiple bortezomib-resistant DLBCL models. Finally, in vivo administration of carfilzomib and obatoclax to mice inoculated with SUDHL4 cells substantially suppressed tumor growth, activated JNK, inactivated AKT, and increased survival compared with the effects of single-agent treatment. Together, these findings argue that a strategy combining carfilzomib and obatoclax warrants attention in DLBCL.
Thickness Correction of Mammographic Images by Means of a Global Parameter Model of the Compressed Breast (2004)

Peripheral enhancement and tilt correction of unprocessed digital mammograms was achieved with a new reversible algorithm. This method has two major advantages for image visualization. First, the display dynamic range can be relatively small, and second, adjustment of the overall luminance to inspect details is not required in most cases. The correction is useful for preprocessing in computer-aided detection/diagnosis algorithms. The method is based on knowledge of the three-dimensional compressed breast shape to equalize thickness by adding virtual tissue, which results in intensity equalization for the mammographic image. Previously described methods implicitly estimate the contribution of thickness variations to image intensity, usually by nonparametric methods. The proposed method employs a global parametic breast shape model, which is advantageous for visualization and CAD.
Implementing stabilized co-simulation of strongly coupled systems using the Functional Mock-up Interface 2.0 (2014)

This paper addresses the main issue encountered with the co-simulation of coupled systems that exchange energy, i.e. the trade-off between computational performances and numerical stability. This property is first explained in details with the help of a simple generic test system for which a large oversampling with respect to the Nyquist frequency is required in order to keep a good level of accuracy. The linearly implicit stabilization method from [4] is then implemented and tested thanks to the directional directives computation capability of the FMI for Co-simulation 2.0 standard. Some minor extensions to the standard are proposed to efficiently implement the method. When applied to the test system, it is shown that large co-simulation steps can be taken, and hence significant computation time speed-ups are observed.
An outbreak of disease caused by Francisella sp. in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus at a recirculation fish farm in the UK (2010)

This study details the first diagnosis of Francisella sp. in tilapia in the United Kingdom. Losses of tilapia fry at a recirculation fish farm in England were investigated, giving a presumptive positive diagnosis of infection with Francisella sp. by histopathological examination. Most fish sampled showed moderate to marked pathology of the major organs, with lesions being present in most tissues. The most obvious host response was granuloma formulation. A subsequent follow-up visit provided further evidence for the presence of a Francisella species. PCR amplicons were obtained using Francisella spp.-specific primers that shared 100% sequence identity with the 16S rRNA gene of the type strain of the species F. asiatica previously described as the cause of disease in tilapia in Southeast Asia and Central America. This outbreak and the subsequent investigation emphasise the importance of strict biosecurity at fish farms and the care that needs to be taken when using a new supplier of fish.
Characterization of Avian H3N3 and H1N1 Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Pigs in Canada (2004)

H3N3 and H1N1 influenza A viruses were isolated from Canadian pigs in 2001 and 2002. These viruses are phylogenetically related to waterfowl viruses and antigenically distinct from reference swine influenza viruses. The isolation of these viruses reemphasizes the potential for interspecies transmission of influenza viruses from waterfowl to pigs in North America.
VODE: A Variable-Coefficient ODE Solver (1989)

VODE is a new initial value ODE solver for stiff and nonstiff systems. It uses variable-coefficient Adams-Moulton and Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF) methods in Nordsieck form, as taken from the older solvers EPISODE and EPISODEB, treating the Jacobian as full or banded. Unlike the older codes, VODE has a highly flexible user interface that is nearly identical to that of the ODEPACK solver LSODE. In the process, several algorithmic improvements have been made in VODE, aside from the new user interface. First, a change in stepsize and/or order that is decided upon at the end of one successful step is not implemented until the start of the next step, so that interpolations performed between steps use the more correct data. Second, a new algorithm for setting the initial stepsize has been included, which iterates briefly to estimate the required second derivative vector. Efficiency is often greatly enhanced by an added algorithm for saving and reusing the Jacobian matrix J, as it occurs in the Newton matrix, under certain conditions. As an option, this Jacobian-saving feature can be suppressed if the required extra storage is prohibitive. Finally, the modified Newton iteration is relaxed by a scalar factor in the stiff case, as a partial correction for the fact that the scalar coefficient in the Newton matrix may be out of date. The fixed-leading-coefficient form of the BDF methods has been studied independently, and a version of VODE that incorporates it has been developed. This version does show better performance on some problems, but further tuning and testing are needed to make a final evaluation of it. Like its predecessors, VODE demonstrates that multistep methods with fully variable stepsizes and coefficients can outperform fixed-step-interpolatory methods on problems with widely different active time scales. In one comparison test, on a one-dimensional diurnal kinetics-transport problem with a banded internal Jacobian, the run time for VODE was 36 percent lower than that of LSODE without the J-saving algorithm and 49 percent lower with it. The fixed-leading-coefficient version ran slightly faster, by another 12 percent without J-saving and 5 percent with it. All of the runs achieved about the same accuracy.
Silicon Millimeter-Wave Radio Circuits at 60-100 GHz (2007)

This paper reviews silicon millimeter-wave radio circuits operating between 60 and 100GHz. Transmitter and receiver chips operating in the 60-GHz ISM band are highlighted, where the packaged chipset has shown data rates as high as 2 Gb/s over 5m for a wireless high-definition video link. In addition, a 60GHz PA with 23dBm output power and a class-E 60GHz PA with >20% peak PAE are reviewed. Finally, 77 and 94GHz downconverters are presented as a basis for an outlook to the performance achievable at these higher frequency bands
Heterogeneous multicasting based on RSVP and QoS filters (2002)

Today we are faced with an increasing variety of networks and end systems. The resulting heterogeneous environment imposes new challenges on communication support for multimedia and collaborative applications. Heterogeneous group communication is a key issue for the proper support of such applications. The approach outlined in this paper forms a first step towards an active multicasting network (AMnet) that is capable to provide flexible, scalable and efficient support for heterogeneous group communication. RSVP is used as a signalling protocol and QoS filters form the active components in the networks nodes. They scale the QoS down to the individual requirements of subgroups or single members within a heterogeneous group communication. Therefore, they remove information (e.g., color information) from continuous media streams, such as video streams. The basic architecture and concept as well as a prototype implementation and some measurements are presented.
Serum regulation of the estrogen responsiveness of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. (1983)

Initially after receiving MCF-7 cells, we were able to confirm their estrogen responsiveness. We observed significant increases in thymidine incorporation, in thymidine kinase activity, and in cell numbers in response to 10(-8) M estradiol. Subsequently, however, the cells failed to show a response to estradiol. A growth response to estradiol could be restored by increasing the serum concentration in the medium. Cells grown in 15% serum (calf or human) responded to estradiol with increased rates of growth and thymidine incorporation and increased activities of thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase. We suggest that there is present in serum a "factor" which can influence the expression of a growth response to estradiol.
Adeno-Associated Virus Structural Biology as a Tool in Vector Development (2013)

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have become important therapeutic gene delivery vectors in recent years. However, there are challenges, including intractable tissues/cell types and pre-existing immune responses, which need to be overcome for full realization of this system. This review addresses strategies aimed at improving AAV efficacy in the clinic through the creation of hybrid vectors that display altered or more targeted specific tissue tropisms, while also escaping recognition from host-derived neutralizing antibodies. Characterization of these viruses with respect to serotypes contributing to their capsid, using available 3D structures, enables the identification of regions critical for particular tropism and antigenic phenotypes. Structural information also allows for rational design of vectors with specific targeted tropisms for improved therapeutic efficacy.
Chiral <i>Ansa</i> Zirconocene Compounds with [Me<sub>2</sub>Si] and [Me<sub>4</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>] Bridges and with <i>tert</i>-Butyl Ring Substituents:  Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the <i>Racemo</i> Complexes <i>r</i><i>ac</i><i>-</i>[Me<sub>2</sub>Si(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>2</sub>-2,4-Bu<sup>t</sup><sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]ZrCl<sub>2</sub> and <i>r</i><i>ac</i><i>-</i>[Me<sub>4</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>2</sub>-2,4-Bu<sup>t</sup><sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]ZrCl<sub>2</sub> (2005)

A series of chiral ansa zirconocene compounds that feature (i) [Me2Si] and [Me4Si2] bridges and (ii) two tert-butyl substituents on each cyclopentadienyl ring, namely, rac-[Me2Si(CpBut2)2]ZrCl2, rac-[Me2Si(CpBut2)2]Zr(Ph)Cl, rac-[Me2Si(CpBut2)2]ZrMe2, rac-[Me2Si(CpBut2)2]Zr(CO)2, rac-[Me4Si2(CpBut2)2]ZrCl2, and rac-[Me4Si2(CpBut2)2]Zr(CO)2, has been synthesized. In each case, the complex exists as the racemo isomer due to inter-ring steric interactions between the But substituents proximal to the ansa bridge that destabilize the meso isomer. rac-[Me4Si2(CpBut2)2]ZrCl2 is the first structurally characterized ansa zirconocene complex with a [Me4Si2] bridge that adopts a racemo geometry. IR spectroscopic studies on the dicarbonyl complexes (Cp1,3-But2)2Zr(CO)2, rac-[Me2Si(CpBut2)2]Zr(CO)2, and rac-[Me4Si2(CpBut2)2]Zr(CO)2 demonstrate that the [Me2Si] and [Me4Si2] ansa bridges have opposite electronic influences in this system, with the [Me2Si] bridge exerting an electron-withdrawing effect and the [Me4Si2] bridge exerting an electron-donating effect. The [Me2Si] and [Me4Si2] bridges also exert a different influence with respect to olefin polymerization, with {rac-[Me2Si(CpBut2)2]ZrCl2/MAO} being a more active catalyst system for polymerization of ethylene than is either {(Cp1,3-But2)2ZrCl2/MAO} or {rac-[Me4Si2(CpBut2)2]ZrCl2/MAO}.
The “QFD/FMEA interface” (1998)

The intention of this paper is to propose a methodology for interactions between the two quality tools of quality function deployment (QFD) and failure mode effects analysis (FMEA), and place an emphasis on their common features. The paper will also emphasise the value that both tools have when used throughout the product development cycle. An example of the method described will be highlighted within Ford Motor Company that will demonstrate the quality and resource benefits achievable when these two tools are used in conjunction with one another. This example will illustrate how, through the use of crossfunctional and multidisciplined teamwork, QFD and FMEA can be linked into systems engineering and a quality operating system with far‐reaching benefits.
Gene targeting: development of novel systems for genome engineering in plants. (2006)

Gene targeting has long been a major goal for researchers interested in the production of transgenic plants with stable and predictable patterns of gene expression. Unfortunately gene targeting in plants has been extremely difficult. We review the current status of gene targeting in plants along with recent breakthroughs in novel approaches to the use of site-specific recombinases, mutant host plants, and homologous recombination techniques. While the new gene targeting technologies are presently being used in model plants such as Arabidopsis, rice and tobacco, the new findings bode well for gene targeting technologies becoming available for economically important crop and horticultural plants.
High-<i>Q</i> oscillator torque magnetometer (1998)

We describe a torque magnetometer for use at low temperatures based on a high-Q silicon torsional oscillator. The oscillator is fabricated using standard lithographic techniques from a single-crystal silicon wafer. The sample stage of the oscillator has an area of 0.57 cm2 and is suitable for deposition of thin magnetic film samples. Oscillator motion is detected through a capacitance measurement. The small torsion constant of the oscillator combined with a Q value &gt;106 allow detection of magnetic moments as small as 10−13 A m2. Magnetometer sensitivity is measured using small superconducting open cylinders machined from aluminum.