gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibody therapy with edrecolomab in breast cancer patients: monitoring of elimination of disseminated cytokeratin-positive tumor cells in bone marrow. (1999)

Despite current advances in antibody-based immunotherapy of breast and colorectal cancer, we have recently shown that the actual target cells (e.g., tumor cells disseminated to bone marrow) may express a heterogeneous pattern of the potential target antigens. Tumor antigen heterogeneity may therefore represent an important limitation of the efficacy of monospecific antibody therapy. To measure the efficacy of such a monospecific approach, we analyzed the elimination of tumor cells coexpressing the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) under therapy with murine monoclonal antibody 17-1A (Edrecolomab) directed against EpCAM. In bone marrow aspirates from 10 breast cancer patients with metastatic (n = 8) and locoregional recurrence (n = 2), tumor cells were identified with the antibody A45-B/B3 directed against the epithelial differentiation marker cytokeratin (CK) and simultaneously typed for EpCAM expression using the antibody 17-1A. Patients were treated with a single dose of 500 mg of Edrecolomab and monitored by bone marrow analyses before and at days 5-7 after antibody treatment. In all 10 patients, we assessed a marked reduction in the mean numbers of both CK+ cells (73 versus 15; P = 0.003, t test) and EpCAM+/CK+ cells (17 versus 1; P = 0.003, t test) per 10(6) bone marrow cells. Complete elimination of EpCAM+ cells was possible in four patients. We conclude that Edrecolomab can be used in breast cancer patients to target isolated EpCAM+/CK+ cancer cells. Using CK-based immunoassays, we reliably detected residual tumor cells in bone marrow and typed EpCAM expression. This allowed us to monitor the cytotoxic elimination of such cells after Edrecolomab application. Selection of EpCAM-/ CK+ tumor clones showed that further antibodies directed against tumor-associated antigens are warranted to improve the efficacy of monospecific approaches.
Dementia after ischemic stroke (1996)

Article abstract-We used the medical records linkage system for the population of Rochester, Minnesota, to identify persons in the community who had their first cerebral infarct without previous dementia. In this cohort (n = 971), the incidence of dementia in the first year was nine times greater than expected, but if we did not observe dementia in the first year, the risk of dementia in the cohort each year thereafter was about twice the risk in the population. After the first year, a 50% increase was observed in Alzheimer9s disease in the cohort compared with that in the community. Although the incidence of dementia increased with increasing age, the standardized morbidity ratios decreased with increasing age. Age, sex (male), and second stroke were significant independent predictors of dementia in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. There was no effect of location or clinical severity of infarct on the rate of occurrence of dementia. <b>NEUROLOGY 19;: </b> 154-159
Automatic generation of diagnostic March tests (2002)

A new approach to automatically generating diagnostic memory tests of linear order (/spl Oscr/(N)) is presented. The resulting March tests provide complete detection and distinguishing of all single-cell and two-cell fault models. The approach is based on state transition graph modelling, decomposition of functional memory faults into basic fault effects, and output tracing. For each of the targeted basic fault effects, all possible March sequences are generated. A fast greedy-based algorithm is then used to compose diagnostic March tests from the set of March sequences. The proposed test generation algorithm was implemented in C. The results show that automatic generation can compete with hand-optimization of diagnostic March tests.
Leukocytosis and Artifactual Hypoglycemia (1977)

Two patients are described with asymptomatic low blood glucose and excessive in vitro consumption of glucose by leukocytes before separation of the serum for assay. This may be a more common problem than is appreciated and need not be associated with leukemia or extreme leukocytosis. The circumstances that allow this avoidable type of artifactual hypoglycemia may also produce factitious euglycemia during evaluation of suspected diabetes mellitus.
Fast and sensitive mapping of nanopore sequencing reads with GraphMap (2016)

Realizing the democratic promise of nanopore sequencing requires the development of new bioinformatics approaches to deal with its specific error characteristics. Here we present GraphMap, a mapping algorithm designed to analyse nanopore sequencing reads, which progressively refines candidate alignments to robustly handle potentially high-error rates and a fast graph traversal to align long reads with speed and high precision (>95%). Evaluation on MinION sequencing data sets against short- and long-read mappers indicates that GraphMap increases mapping sensitivity by 10-80% and maps >95% of bases. GraphMap alignments enabled single-nucleotide variant calling on the human genome with increased sensitivity (15%) over the next best mapper, precise detection of structural variants from length 100 bp to 4 kbp, and species and strain-specific identification of pathogens using MinION reads. GraphMap is available open source under the MIT license at https://github.com/isovic/graphmap.
Mass and Energy Balances of Wet Torrefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass (2010)

Solid handling of diverse lignocellulosic biomass feedstock is very challenging for thermochemical conversion to renewable fuels. Wet torrefaction is a pretreatment process to convert biomass to energy-dense solid fuel, with relatively uniform handling characteristics. The fuel value of the produced solid may be as much as 36% higher than that of the original biomass. In the process, biomass is reacted with hot compressed water at the temperature of 200−260 °C. The mass and energy balance in wet torrefaction were established for these conditions. Products include pretreated solid, precipitates (simple sugars and sugar derivatives), volatile acids, and gases (carbon dioxide). With increasing temperature, the mass of the solid decreases, the fuel value of the solid increases, and the quantity of gas increases. The heat of reaction for each temperature was estimated from an energy balance. The uncertainty analysis also showed that the temperature slightly affected the heat of reaction, which is very close to zero.
Falling cylinder viscometer for non‐Newtonian fluids (1965)

Abstract It is shown how previous analyses of the falling cylinder viscometer for Newtonian fluids can be extended to non‐Newtonian fluids. Specific relations are given for the velocity of descent for several simple non‐Newtonian viscosity functions. A differentiation procedure is presented whereby the non‐Newtonian viscosity for a fluid can be deduced from velocity of fall measurements. In the course of the development, some useful approximate expressions for axial non‐Newtonian flow in annuli are developed. Finally, a comparison of the Ellis and power law models is made by an analysis of the axial annular flow data of Frederickson and of McEachern.
Design of $X$-Band and $Ka$-Band Colpitts Oscillators Using a Parasitic Cancellation Technique (2010)

An <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</i> -band and two <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ka</i> -band monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) common drain Colpitts oscillators using a parasitic cancellation technique are designed and fabricated in a 0.2-μm GaAs pHEMT technology with a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> of 60 GHz. The parasitic cancellation technique significantly improves the negative resistance and increases the maximum operating frequency, which is suitable for microwave and millimeter-wave applications. An in-depth theoretical analysis of the Miller effect and insights in the behavior of the input impedance with the parasitic cancellation are provided. The effect of the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> -factor of the inductor used in the cancellation, and the impact of the parasitic cancellation technique on phase noise and frequency tuning range are analyzed and discussed in detail. The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</i> -band design has a measured phase noise of -117.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with an output power of -9.3 dBm . The first <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ka</i> -band design has a measured phase noise of -94 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with an output power of +0.2 dBm. The second <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ka</i> -band design providing more flexibility has a measured phase noise of -98.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with an output power of + 0.3 dBm. The two <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ka</i> -band designs achieve very high <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OSC</sub> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ratios and also demonstrate performance comparable to the best previously published oscillators in a similar frequency range.
Synthesis of Integrated Passive Components for High-Frequency RF ICs Based on Evolutionary Computation and Machine Learning Techniques (2011)

State-of-the-art synthesis methods for microwave passive components suffer from the following drawbacks. They either have good efficiency but highly depend on the accuracy of the equivalent circuit models, which may fail the synthesis when the frequency is high, or they fully depend on electromagnetic (EM) simulations, with a high solution quality but are too time consuming. To address the problem of combining high solution quality and good efficiency, a new method, called memetic machine learning-based differential evolution (MMLDE), is presented. The key idea of MMLDE is the proposed online surrogate model-based memetic evolutionary optimization mechanism, whose training data are generated adaptively in the optimization process. In particular, by using the differential evolution algorithm as the optimization kernel and EM simulation as the performance evaluation method, high-quality solutions can be obtained. By using Gaussian process and artificial neural network in the proposed search mechanism, surrogate models are constructed online to predict the performances, saving a lot of expensive EM simulations. Compared with available methods with the best solution quality, MMLDE can obtain comparable results, and has approximately a tenfold improvement in computational efficiency, which makes the computational time for optimized component synthesis acceptable. Moreover, unlike many available methods, MMLDE does not need any equivalent circuit models or any coarse-mesh EM models. Experiments of 60 GHz syntheses and comparisons with the state-of-art methods provide evidence of the important advantages of MMLDE.
A statistical study of the periods and amplitudes of microseisms (1942)

It has been known for many years that the amplitude and period of the ordinary microseisms recorded at a given station vary from day to day and season to season. That the amplitude and period are greater in the winter than in the summer is also a recognized fact. However, the cause of the microseisms and the nature of their vibrations are not completely known. The present study is an attempt to obtain more information about the nature of microseismic waves.
Cavitation for Effective Well Cleaning (2002)

Abstract Active cavitation is novel, powerful, coiled tubing or workstring conveyed technology. Cavitation is the process of creating transient vapor filled cavities in a fluid at ambient fluid pressures exceeding the vapour pressure in the cavities. Implosions of such cavities are known to cause damage to ships propellers and pump impellors, however the effects can also be usefully applied for many purposes, including applications in the well construction and well servicing disciplines. Commonly known cavitation occurs in low-pressure areas when a fluid flows around an obstruction or past the surface of an oscillating body; this type of cavitation is referred to as passive cavitation. The particular technology described in this paper is referred to as ‘active’ cavitation. This is a method using liquid hammer enhancement to create vapor bubbles at much higher ambient pressures than previously possible. The vapor cavities at low pressure points created at high ambient pressure implode violently and decay into smaller bubbles thus significantly extending the life and extent of the low-pressure zone or ‘cavitation flare’ and enhancing the action of the jetstream flowing from the cavitator. A particular value of cavitation is that it produces a twofold effect, i.e. a combination of suction effects in the decaying cavitation flare and shock wave effects that reach much further away from the cavitation generating tool. Active cavitation can for instance be employed to improve the hole making process, clean reservoir rock or remove scale and deposits from well completion equipment. Thus, use of cavitators allows intensifying rock fragmentation and bit cleaning. During field trials in Russia it was demonstrated that drill rates can be increased by up to 40% and bit life can be extended by up to 25% compared to the performance of previously applied bits. When using cavitators for fraccing and decolmatation (removal of fine plugging material) production or injection improvement of 1.5 – 3 times are commonly being observed. Cavitation is also very effective in cleaning tubes or plugged screens in water, oil or gas wells because it effects most commonly occurring deposits, including deposits that are insoluble in acid.
CO<sub>2</sub>‐“Neutral” Hydrogen Storage Based on Bicarbonates and Formates (2011)

Let the circle be unbroken! One ruthenium catalyst generated in situ facilitates the selective hydrogenation of bicarbonates and carbonates, as well as CO2 and base, to give formates and also the selective dehydrogenation of formates back to bicarbonates. The two reactions can be coupled, leading to a reversible hydrogen-storage system. dppm=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane.
Facile Synthesis of Well-Defined, Biocompatible Phosphorylcholine-Based Methacrylate Copolymers via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization at 20 °C (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFacile Synthesis of Well-Defined, Biocompatible Phosphorylcholine-Based Methacrylate Copolymers via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization at 20 °CEmma J. Lobb, Iris Ma, Norman C. Billingham, Steven P. Armes, and Andrew L. LewisView Author Information School of Chemistry Physics and Environmental Science University of Sussex Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK Biocompatibles, Frensham House Farnham Business Park, Weydon Lane Farnham, Surrey, GU9 8QL, UK Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 32, 7913–7914Publication Date (Web):July 19, 2001Publication History Received9 November 2000Revised18 June 2001Published online19 July 2001Published inissue 1 August 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja003906dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja003906drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2729Altmetric-Citations183LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Gel permeation chromatography,Monomers,Polymerization,Radical polymerization Get e-Alerts
[Inflammation and host resistance against tumours. I. Delayed growth of Lewis tumour and inhibition of lung metastasis in mice having an inflammatory reaction distant from the inoculation site of tumour cells (author's transl)]. (1977)

Following the inflammatory reaction induced in mice by subcutaneous implantation into the dorsal area of talc embeded in a calcium phosphate gel, the growth of the Lewis tumour was found to be delayed. This delay was observed even with inocula 1,000 times higher than the minimum required for the development in tumours in all animals. When 10(6) tumour cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the footpad, in contrast with normal animals, no metastases were found in the lungs if inflammatory reactions were induced 4 days before or 1 day after the inoculation of tumour cells.
A Five-Phase Two-Machine Vector Controlled Induction Moto Drive Supplied from a Single Inverter (2004)

SummaryTwo-motor drive systems, which require independent control of the two machines, are nowadays traditionally realised by using two three-phase voltage source inverters supplying independently two machines, paralleled to the common DC-link (Fig. 1). However, application of power electronics in electric drives enables utilisation of AC-machines with a phase number higher than three. If the number of phases is increased to five, an entirely different solution for the realisation of a two-motor drive system becomes feasible. It is shown in the paper that an increase of the stator phase number to five enables completely independent vector control of two five-phase machines that are supplied from a single current-controlled voltage source inverter. In order to achieve such an independent control it is necessary to connect five-phase stator windings of the two machines in series and perform an appropriate phase sequence transposition (Fig. 2). The concept is equally applicable to any five-phase AC machine type and its major advantage, compared with an equivalent two-motor three-phase drive, is the saving of one inverter leg. Instead of six inverter legs, only five are required. Detailed verification of the novel five-phase two-motor drive configuration is provided by simulating the operation in the torque and speed mode, using indirect rotor flux oriented control principles. The concept can be extended to higher number of phases in a simple manner. Its main advantages and drawbacks are addressed as well.
T‐cell‐rich B‐cell lymphoma – diagnostic and therapeutic aspects (2002)

Immunohistochemistry makes it possible to identify cases of TCRB-NHL that are morphologically difficult to distinguish from HD. The outcome of TCRB-NHL patients treated as having HD was comparable with that of the remaining HD population.
Development of a Better Processing GR-S (1947)

Abstract Poor prbcessability has long been recognized as one of the shortcomings of GR-S. Since the problem is of major importance, this deficiency has been the subject of a number of investigations. Freshly milled samples of GR-S shrink rapidly and become very rough. Samples extruded through a die swell excessively and give irregular and broken edges. These faults have, in many instances, necessitated excessive loading with compounding materials to permit satisfactory calendering and extrusion. Sacrifices in quality have often been tolerated to obtain suitable processing. The present paper describes a new type of GR-S in which vastly improved processing properties have been imparted to the polymer during the copolymerization reaction.
Elaboration of telomeres in yeast: recognition and modification of termini from Oxytricha macronuclear DNA. (1984)

The termini of macronuclear DNA molecules from the protozoan Oxytricha fallax share a common sequence and structure, both of which differ markedly from those deduced for yeast telomeres. Despite these differences, terminal restriction fragments from O. fallax macronuclear DNA can support telomere formation in yeasts. Two linear plasmids (LYX-1 and LYX-2) constructed by ligating BamHI-digested total Oxytricha macronuclear DNA to a yeast vector were analyzed. One end of LYX-1 and both ends of LYX-2 are derived from the Oxytricha DNA that encodes rRNA (rDNA) whereas the other end of LYX-1 is from an Oxytricha fragment other than rDNA. After propagation in yeast, both ends of LYX-1 and LYX-2 retain the C4A4 repeat characteristic of the O. fallax terminal sequence. In addition, both ends of both plasmids acquire 300-1000 base pairs of DNA containing the sequence (C-A)n, a sequence found near the termini of yeast chromosomes. Thus, at least two different Oxytricha termini display distinctive properties in yeast cells in that linear plasmids containing them are not degraded nor are they integrated into chromosomal DNA. These Oxytricha termini may act directly as telomeres in yeast; alternatively, the Oxytricha DNA may serve as a signal that results in the elaboration of a yeast telomere on the ciliate DNA.
UK debates public's role in science advice (1999)

london The British government is facing conflicting advice on the extent to which the public should be directly involved in helping to determine the regulation of genetically modified crops.