gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Object Lessons: Lessons Learned in Object-Oriented Development Projects (1993)

1. Object lessons from 1628 2. Assessing our craft 3. Hope with objects 4. Greed: an example program 5. Experiences with objects 6. Where do the objects come from? 7. Pickled objects 8. Providing an environment 9. Educating your people 10. Software construction management 11. Building in quality 12. A road map for change 13. Lessons learned 14. Software component foundries 15. Software development - 2002.
A new glottal LPC method for voice coding and inverse filtering (2003)

A linear-predictive-coding (LPC) based method for computing glottal pulses is presented. The method is based on modeling the speech production mechanism with three digital filters. The glottal contribution to the speech spectrum is first estimated with two consecutive LPC analyses. After the effect of the glottals are eliminated the vocal tract and radiation effects are modeled. Glottal waves close to the natural shape can be achieved with this straightforward method. Applications to speech coding are briefly described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the evolutionary relationships of Drosophila melanogaster (1983)

Abstract The gene coding for alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) in Drosophila melanogaster maps to 2:50.1 on chromosome arm 2L. It is expressed in both larvae and adults, coding for an abundant enzyme that plays a role in the detoxification of primary and secondary alcohols. In larvae the gene is most abundantly expressed in the fat body and gut. We have recently shown [49] that the major Adh transcripts differ in larvae and adults, the major adult transcript being initiated from a promotor several hundred pairs 5′ to the promotor from which the major larval transcript is initiated. However the coding region of the “larval and adult” mRNA are identical. We discuss recent studies of the transcriptional organization Adh and compare the structure of this gene in D. melanogaster with that in other species of Drosophila. The entire Adh gene and its surrounds has been sequenced from four species of Drosophila [45,48]. This data has been used not only for the study of phylogenetic relationships, but also of the types of sequence variation seen between species. The constraints on mutational change, especially with respect to codons, will be discussed.
Deep 3D Face Identification (2017)

We propose a novel 3D face recognition algorithm using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and a 3D augmentation technique. The performance of 2D face recognition algorithms has significantly increased by leveraging the representational power of deep neural networks and the use of large-scale labeled training data. As opposed to 2D face recognition, training discriminative deep features for 3D face recognition is very difficult due to the lack of large-scale 3D face datasets. In this paper, we show that transfer learning from a CNN trained on 2D face images can effectively work for 3D face recognition by fine-tuning the CNN with a relatively small number of 3D facial scans. We also propose a 3D face augmentation technique which synthesizes a number of different facial expressions from a single 3D face scan. Our proposed method shows excellent recognition results on Bosphorus, BU-3DFE, and 3D-TEC datasets, without using hand-crafted features. The 3D identification using our deep features also scales well for large databases.
Speciation of Molybdenum (VI) In Aqueous and Organic Phases of Selected Extraction Systems (2008)

Abstract The extraction study of molybdenum (VI) by 30% tri-n-butyl phosphate in n-dodecane and 0.2 M octyl (phenyl)-N,N-di-isobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide in 30% tri-n-butyl phosphate extraction systems was performed from aqueous solution containing HCl, HNO3 and acetohydroxamic acid. Depending on extraction conditions, acetohydroxamic acid can significantly affect the speciation of molybdenum and can increase or decrease its distribution ratio. Our investigation confirmed the strong ability of the acetohydroxamic acid to form complexes with Mo even in highly acidic solutions. UV absorption spectra confirmed that a fraction of the Mo(VI)-AHA species can be present in the organic phase after extraction.
Wireless Location Determination: Using Existing 802.11 Wireless Networks to Determine a Users Location (2014)

The ability to determine a user’s location through an existing 802.11 wireless network has vast implications in the area of context-aware and pervasive computing. Such abilities have been developed mainly in the Linux environment to date. To maximize its usefulness, a location determination system was developed for the more dominant Windows operation system. While being able to operate outdoors as well as indoors, this system succeeds where traditional GPS (Global Positioning Systems) fail, namely indoor environments. This system could benefit the large number of existing wireless networks and requires no additional hardware; only a few simple software downloads. The ability of a user to determine his/her location with the click of a button and begin using the services in the immediate vicinity or be shown a map leading to the desired area/item (a book in a library for example), are but two illustrations of the benefits that a wireless location determination system serve.
Fortimicin a production by Micromonospora olivoasterospora in a chemically defined medium. (1977)

A chemically defined medium was devised in order to study the requirements for fortimicin A production by Micromonospora olivoasterospora KY 11515. Soluble starch was the best carbon source; NH4Cl and NH4NO3 were suitable nitrogen sources both for the growth and fortimicin production. Amino acids such as L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid showed some stimulatory effects on both growth and antibiotic production of M. olivoasterospora while L-serine stimulated only antibiotic production and L-citrulline only the growth. K2HPO4, MgSO4.7H2O and CaCO3 were essential especially for the antibiotic production. The most important finding was that vitamin B12, cobalt and nickel showed marked stimulatory effects on fortimicin A production.
Punishing the Innocent: How the Classification of Male-to-Female Transgender Individuals in Immigration Detention Constitutes Illegal Punishment under the Fifth Amendment (2010)

Christina Madrazo, a male-to-female pre-operative transgender immigrant, was detained in Krome Detention Center in Miami, Florida awaiting an appeal of her asylum claim. She fled Mexico after she was violently attacked for being transgender. Madrazo was placed in solitary confinement at Krome because officials were unsure whether to house her with men or women. Solitary confinement was isolating and made her extremely vulnerable to attacks by prison guards. One of the guards, in charge of bringing her meals and watching over her safety, raped her on two separate occasions. The first time, the guard attacked Madrazo in her cell and tried to force her to perform oral sex on him. When she refused, he sodomized her until he heard another person approaching. Madrazo reported the rape, but the officer was still allowed to serve her food the next day. Later that night, he raped her a second time. Unfortunately, this tragic story is not uncommon; transgender detainees, particularly male-to-female
Dosimetry measurements using a probe tube microphone in the ear canal (1996)

Federal and international standards recommended use of microphone placement either on or in the vicinity of the shoulder for dosimetry to minimize deviations from the undisturbed sound field. Probe microphone measurements from the ear canal were compared to shoulder and chest measures in order to investigate the validity of current dosimetry methodologies. Six subjects were monitored in an industrial setting. As expected, ear-canal levels exceeded other measures for all subjects. Shoulder and chest measures showed very low intersubject variability whereas ear-canal measures resulted in large intersubject variability. The ear-canal methodology has the potential to identify individuals whose external ear gain exceed the mean, putting them at increased risk of noise-induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS). It is proposed that overall external ear pressure gain be used as an index to adjust exposure levels when predicting NIPTS using ISO 1999. A normative database of external ear pressure gain was constructed from 30 ears for this purpose.
Small-Molecule Modulators of Inward Rectifier K<sup>+</sup>Channels: Recent Advances and Future Possibilities (2010)

Inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels have been postulated as therapeutic targets for several common disorders including hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias and pain. With few exceptions, however, the small-molecule pharmacology of this family is limited to nonselective cardiovascular and neurologic drugs with off-target activity toward inward rectifiers. Consequently, the actual therapeutic potential and 'drugability' of most Kir channels has not yet been determined experimentally. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of publicly disclosed Kir channel small-molecule modulators and highlight recent targeted drug-discovery efforts toward Kir1.1 and Kir2.1. The review concludes with a brief speculation on how the field of Kir channel pharmacology will develop over the coming years and a discussion of the increasingly important role academic laboratories will play in this progress.
Replication of the Reoviridae: Information Derived from Gene Cloning and Expression (2018)

The Reoviridae are a family of viruses comprising six genera with a host range extending from insects and plants to vertebrates and mammals. The viruses are characterized primarily by their double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes which vary from 10 to 12 segments in number. Protocols for cloning Reoviridae RNAs were devised considering the terminal structures elucidated for the segments and assuming that the dsRNAs were flush ended, the plus strand being identical to the single-stranded mRNAs transcribed by viral cores. Cloned genes were identified by their ability to hybridize with eDNA copies of specific RNA segments. The crystallographic structures of polio and rhinoviruses have been determined. This work elegantly shows how subunit proteins in a viral capsid can be intimately associated, and helps to explain the poor immunogenic character of purified polio capsid protein VP1. An alternative system for expressing rotavirus antigens involves the construction of recombinant vaccinia viruses.
Automatic quantitative analysis of lumbar bone radiographs (2005)

In current radiological diagnostic practice the radiographs often appear as 'rough' means, difficult to understand due to the bad quality of the radiographic images. The aim of the work reported here is to guarantee a diagnostic support even in the presence of radiographic means only, with a little cost increment due to a computer system, by supplying a useful primary screening tool that automatically analyzes digitized radiographs and gives important features relevant from a medical standpoint. The specific domain of image analysis concerns osteoporosis which is a long term disease requiring an accurate measurement of bone density and a periodic follow-up. The automatic image processing method described here goes through a series of steps: selection of the region of interest, first preprocessing, extraction of the vertebral left side, second preprocessing, extraction of upper and lower borders of the end plates, detection of the greatest uniform area inside the vertebral body, third preprocessing, correction of image nonuniformity, detection of the end plates, feature detection (variance, mean-gray level, concavity, body and tissue density, etc.). The automation of the process is complete and the results are in good agreement with those obtained from human analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Connected component labeling using self-organizing feature maps (2003)

A three-phase algorithm is presented for labeling the connected components of a binary image. The importance of the algorithm is that a connectionist parallel implementation will be proportional only to the number of points in the image, and only two parameters need to be tuned, one directly controlling the number of iterations and one to determine the desired number of connected components. The approach taken is to consider the object points in the image as cities in the traveling salesman problem and then use the optimization power of self-organizing feature maps to find a near-optimum path. It is found that this path can be partitioned into a number of subpaths, each representing a connected component. Theoretical work is needed to support these experimental findings.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Comparison of Two Lists Providing Emotional Norms for English Words (ANEW and the DAL) (2008)

Although different in terms of purpose, word-selection procedures, and rating scales, both the ANEW (n = 1034) and DAL (n = 8742) lists, which have 633 words in common, provide normative emotional ratings for English words. This research compared the lists and cross-validated the two main lexical dimensions of affect. Parallel representatives of the two dimensions (Valence and Pleasantness, Arousal and Activation) were correlated across lists (rs = .86, .63). In tune with their separate purposes, the ANEW list, which was designed to describe emotional words, included more rare words, while the DAL, which was designed for natural language applications, included more common ones. The Valence-Activation scatterplot for ANEW was C-shaped and included fewer Arousing words of medium Valence, such as "awake," "debate," and "proves," while the DAL included fewer less common words descriptive of emotion such as "maniac," "corrupt," and "lavish." In view of these differences, list similarities strongly support the generalizability of the two main lexical dimensions of affect.
Role of Shiga toxin in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery, studied by using a Tox- mutant of Shigella dysenteriae 1 (1988)

A Tox- mutant of Shigella dysenteriae 1, SC501, was genetically engineered by cloning the Shiga toxin operon, inserting a cassette into the A subunit gene, and exchanging this in vitro-mutagenized sequence with the wild-type gene. SC501 produced a low amount of residual cytotoxicity which was not neutralized by a rabbit immune serum directed against Shiga toxin. Invasion of cultured cells demonstrated that Shiga toxin had no effect on the rate of intracellular growth of bacteria or on the rapid killing of invaded host cells. On the other hand, several significant differences were observed in macaque monkeys infected intragastrically with either the wild-type strain or its mutant. The production of Shiga toxin by the invading strain was correlated with the presence of blood within stools, a sharp drop in blood polymorphonuclear cells, and histopathological alterations, such as the destruction of capillary vessels within the connective tissue of the colonic mucosa, severe inflammatory vasculitis of the peritoneal mesothelium, and major efflux of inflammatory cells to the intestinal lumen. It is proposed that Shiga toxin influences the severity of bacillary dysentery by inducing colonic vascular damage, which accounts for bloody stools, intestinal ischemia, and inflation of a polymorphonuclear intestinal compartment during the infectious process.
Identification of a novel mitochondrial uncoupler that does not depolarize the plasma membrane (2013)

Dysregulation of oxidative phosphorylation is associated with increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and some of the most prevalent human diseases including obesity, cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and heart disease. Chemical 'mitochondrial uncouplers' are lipophilic weak acids that transport protons into the mitochondrial matrix via a pathway that is independent of ATP synthase, thereby uncoupling nutrient oxidation from ATP production. Mitochondrial uncouplers also lessen the proton motive force across the mitochondrial inner membrane and thereby increase the rate of mitochondrial respiration while decreasing production of reactive oxygen species. Thus, mitochondrial uncouplers are valuable chemical tools that enable the measurement of maximal mitochondrial respiration and they have been used therapeutically to decrease mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. However, the most widely used protonophore uncouplers such as carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) and 2,4-dinitrophenol have off-target activity at other membranes that lead to a range of undesired effects including plasma membrane depolarization, mitochondrial inhibition, and cytotoxicity. These unwanted properties interfere with the measurement of mitochondrial function and result in a narrow therapeutic index that limits their usefulness in the clinic. To identify new mitochondrial uncouplers that lack off-target activity at the plasma membrane we screened a small molecule chemical library. Herein we report the identification and validation of a novel mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler (2-fluorophenyl){6-[(2-fluorophenyl)amino](1,2,5-oxadiazolo[3,4-e]pyrazin-5-yl)}amine, named BAM15, that does not depolarize the plasma membrane. Compared to FCCP, an uncoupler of equal potency, BAM15 treatment of cultured cells stimulates a higher maximum rate of mitochondrial respiration and is less cytotoxic. Furthermore, BAM15 is bioactive in vivo and dose-dependently protects mice from acute renal ischemic-reperfusion injury. From a technical standpoint, BAM15 represents an effective new tool that allows the study of mitochondrial function in the absence of off-target effects that can confound data interpretation. From a therapeutic perspective, BAM15-mediated protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury and its reduced toxicity will hopefully reignite interest in pharmacological uncoupling for the treatment of the myriad of diseases that are associated with altered mitochondrial function.
Cost-effective Next Generation Mobile Fronthaul Architecture with Multi-IF Carrier Transmission Scheme (2014)

We proposed a cost-effective next generation mobile fronthaul architecture with multi-IF carrier transmission scheme and investigated the system performances under various IF carrier operating conditions.
Stimulation of protein synthesis, glucose uptake and lactate output by insulin and adenosine deaminase in the rat heart (1986)

In the anterogradely perfused rat heart, physiological concentrations of insulin stimulated the rates and efficiencies of protein synthesis in both ventricles and atria. Half-maximal stimulation of ventricular protein synthesis was obtained at about 35 microU/ml. Glucose uptake and lactate release were also stimulated over this range of insulin concentrations. Adenosine deaminase increased protein synthesis rates in ventricles and atria in the presence of submaximally stimulating insulin concentrations (40 microU/ml) but had no effect in the absence of insulin or in the presence of maximally stimulating concentrations. The insulin sensitivities of glucose uptake and lactate release were also increased by adenosine deaminase. Adenosine may be a modulator of insulin sensitivity in the heart.
Multi-Stage Acid Stimulation Improves Production Values in Carbonate Formations in Western Canada (2009)

Abstract Over the past few years, a new multi-stage, multi-jet fracturing technology has improved the acid fracturing of the Wabamun formation located in south central Alberta. The Crossfield member of the formation, found in the Swallwell field, has a large original oil and gas reservoir with low recovery factors to date of 2.4% for oil and 5.2% for natural gas. A 1% increase in recovery factors would yield an additional 875,000 bbls and 851,000 mcf of gas. Use of multiple mechanical isolation points in the new technology has demonstrated average initial production increases of 77 to 102% and final production increases of 12 to 28% compared to historical wells. The micro to very fine crystalline dolomite of the Crossfield member has average permeability ranges from 0.1 and 0.3 mD; therefore, acid stimulation is required in order to economically extract the resource. This paper will discuss the planning and design processes that led to the implementation of the multi-stage, multi-jet technology. It will outline the lessons learned during deployment of the completion, and will highlight the stimulation treatment execution and post-stimulation results. The text will detail examples from the case studies and will outline the benefits of this technology.
Hypokalemia and the pathology of ion transport molecules. (1998)

Serum potassium is normally maintained within a narrow range through an exquisite balance between cellular K+ efflux and influx, and between the intake and output of potassium from the body. Ultimately such balances are determined by cell membrane molecules which effect K+ transfer from one milieu to another. Over the last decade, electrophysiological and molecular techniques of study, briefly reviewed in this article, have helped to define the biochemical and functional characteristics of many of the molecules responsible for potassium homeostasis. When combined with molecular genetics, the same technology allows for the ultimate definition of hereditary or familial disease states characterized by hypokalemia. Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis is associated with mutations of the dihydropyridine receptor gene encoding the L-type Ca+2 channel, but how such mutations result in episodic hypokalemia and paralysis remains a mystery. Mutations in several genes involved in renal ion transport also result in hypokalemia. Among them, Liddle's syndrome, or pseudohyperaldosteronism, has been linked to increased surface expression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) responsible for Na+ transport in the cortical collecting duct. On the other hand, Bartter's syndrome, characterized by defective salt reabsorption by the ascending limb of Henle's loop, is associated with mutations in either the NKCC2 gene encoding the loop's 1Na+-1K+-2Cl- cotransporter, or in the ROMK gene, which allows K+ recycling in the loop to occur from cell to lumen, making Na+ reabsorption via the cotransporter possible. In Gitelman's syndrome, which clinically appears as a milder form of Bartter's, the abnormal gene encodes the thiazide sensitive Na+-Cl- cotransporter operating in the distal convoluted tubule.
Unification of Catalytic Water Oxidation and Oxygen Reduction Reactions: Amorphous Beat Crystalline Cobalt Iron Oxides (2014)

Catalytic water splitting to hydrogen and oxygen is considered as one of the convenient routes for the sustainable energy conversion. Bifunctional catalysts for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are pivotal for the energy conversion and storage, and alternatively, the photochemical water oxidation in biomimetic fashion is also considered as the most useful way to convert solar energy into chemical energy. Here we present a facile solvothermal route to control the synthesis of amorphous and crystalline cobalt iron oxides by controlling the crystallinity of the materials with changing solvent and reaction time and further utilize these materials as multifunctional catalysts for the unification of photochemical and electrochemical water oxidation as well as for the oxygen reduction reaction. Notably, the amorphous cobalt iron oxide produces superior catalytic activity over the crystalline one under photochemical and electrochemical water oxidation and oxygen reduction conditions.