gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An endoscope utilizing tunable-focus microlenses actuated through infrared light (2009)

We report on a prototype endoscope with tunable-focus liquid microlenses actuated through infrared (IR) light integrated at its distal end. Tunable-focus microlenses scanning the areas of interest with minimal movements of the scopes themselves would greatly advance endoscopy. Multiple IR light-responsive hydrogel posts were used to tune the focal length of the microlens, which were formed by a curved water-oil meniscus. The fabrication and actuation of the hydrogel posts were realized through light transmitted via optical fibers. The focal length varied from 52 mm to 8 mm. Focused images were obtained from an image fiber bundle. A microlens array with larger depth of focus and view of field could be potentially utilized.
The 1949 Chinese Revolution--The Reaction on the Malayan Peninsula (中華人民共和国成立に対する近隣諸国の対応) (1988)

<i>ECM1</i> gene polymorphism in rs3834087 and rs3754217 loci is associated with a reduced risk of chronic HBV infection but not with liver fibrosis development and the occurrence of HCC.
STAR: Generating input vectors for design validation by static analysis of RTL (2009)

We introduce STAR, an automatic technique for functional input vector generation for design validation. STAR statically analyzes the source code of the Register Transfer Level (RTL) design. The STAR approach is a hybrid between RTL symbolic simulation and concrete simulation, that offsets the disadvantages of both the techniques. It allows deeper as well as wider exploration of the design space by varying the extent of concrete and symbolic simulation in a given run. STAR follows a region-wide notion of coverage, where the concrete simulation navigates to a region of the design space and the symbolic simulation explores it systematically. We demonstrate that preliminary results of using STAR are promising by showing high path coverage on benchmark RTL designs.
Thrombosis Prevention After Total Hip Arthroplasty (2010)

When compared with low-molecular-weight heparin, use of the mobile compression device for prophylaxis against venous thromboembolic events following total hip arthroplasty resulted in a significant decrease in major bleeding events.
Monitoring Stress-Corrosion Cracking by Acoustic Emission (1986)

Acoustic emission (AE) is well suited for laboratory studies of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) since the crack velocity is often approximately proportional to the AE rate. For 7075-T651 and 2024-T351 aluminum alloys, this proportionality is shown to be particularly good. For 7075-T651, less scatter is obtained in SCC crack velocity when these are based on the cumulative AE counts than on surface crack length measurements. The curve of AE rate versus time after addition of fresh solution into the crack depends on the type of transducer employed. Using either a broad-band or a resonant transducer, it was possible to distinguish between SCC and corrosion signals from their frequency spectrum. The applicability of employing AE to detect SCC in an industrial environment is considered. Possible solutions to some of the difficulties expected in cases where SCC produces low-amplitude AE signals are discussed.
Experimental evaluation of an optimized radiation cooling geometry for ion projection lithography masks (2000)

In this article, we study an optimized radiative cooling geometry for ion projection lithography masks. In this design, a polished infrared mirror guides radiation from the mask to a high-emissivity cooled-cylinder positioned about 0.5 m away. Previous finite element modeling of this system predicts thermal distortion below 1 nm for practical mask designs. This is the first experimental study of the design. We show, by measuring the mean mask stress as a function of cooled cylinder temperature, that radiative cooling balances beam heating, with a power density of 2.15 mW/cm2, when the cooled cylinder is held at 15 °C and the temperature of the mirror and mask frame are at 25 °C. The results agree with finite element modeling.
A Study of the Effects of Gas Impurities in Fluorescent Lamps (1945)

Some of the commoner gases have been leaked into operating fluorescent lamps at rates of 1 to 80 liter microns (Lμ) per hour and their effects on voltage, appearance, and light output studied. Oxygen combines very rapidly with the mercury, near the point of inlet, and gives a yellowish deposit. Hydrogen is cleaned up to a slight extent only and markedly raises the voltage. The other gases that have been studied have intermediate rates of clean‐up. Carbon dioxide produces a deposit which resembles that in the case of oxygen, but has a grayish component which is not so localized. Carbon monoxide produces a fairly extended, grayish deposit which has a curiously sharp and shifting boundary. Nitrogen produces a brownish deposit which tends to migrate to the cooler regions of the tube and, if in appreciable concentrations it is exploded by the discharge. Acetylene produces a dark deposit which is also explosive. Ethylene produces a marked “spiraling” of the discharge but finally cleans up, lowering the brightness more or less uniformly all over. Water vapor was only very slightly cleaned up but otherwise behaved very much like hydrogen. The rate of intake of gas which can be cleaned up without appreciable effect on voltage varies from only 1 or 2 Lμ/hr. or less for hydrogen or water vapor, to 75 Lμ/hr. or more for oxygen. In the cases of O 2 , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML1" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>CO</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , and CO, at least, the reaction goes on until all of the Hg has been used up in combination. Total amounts of these gases introduced into the lamps are of the order of 1 to 3 mm., depending on the original Hg dosage.
Flexibility and swing effect on the adsorption of energy-related gases on ZIF-8: combined experimental and simulation study (2012)

ZIF-8, a prototypical zeolitic porous coordination polymer, prepared via the self-assembly of tetrahedral atoms (e.g. Zn and Co) and organic imidazolate linkers, presents large cavities which are interconnected by narrow windows that allow, in principle, molecular sieving. However, ZIF-8 shows flexibility due to the swing of the imidazolate linkers, which results in the adsorption of molecules which are too large to fit through the narrow window. In this work, we assess the impact of this flexibility, previously only observed for nitrogen, and the level of agreement between the experimental and simulated isotherms of different energy-related gases on ZIF-8 (CO(2), CH(4) and alkanes). We combine experimental gas adsorption with GCMC simulations, using generic and adjusted force fields and DFT calculations with the Grimme dispersion correction. By solely adapting the UFF force field to reduce the Lennard-Jones parameter ε, we achieve excellent agreement between the simulated and experimental results not only for ZIF-8 but also for ZIF-20, where the transferability of the adapted force field is successfully tested. Regarding ZIF-8, we show that two different structural configurations are needed to properly describe the adsorption performance of this material, demonstrating that ZIF-8 is undergoing a structural change during gas adsorption. DFT calculations with the Grimme dispersion correction are consistent with the GCMC and experimental observations, illustrating the thermodynamics of the CH(4) adsorption sites and confirming the existence of a new adsorption site with a high binding energy within the 4-ring window of ZIF-8.
Enantioselective complexation of simple amides by a C2 host molecule (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective complexation of simple amides by a C2 host moleculePhilip E. J. Sanderson, Jeremy D. Kilburn, and W. Clark StillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 21, 8314–8315Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00203a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00203a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Modern genetic approaches to searching for targets for medicinal preparations (2009)

In spite of a vast number of drug preparations used in medicine, advances in treating most socially important human diseases remain modest. Historically, many drugs were developed without clear understanding of the mechanisms of their action and were aimed only at correcting symptoms of the disease. Identification of molecular targets in pharmacological screening of new pharmaceuticals plays a key role not only in defining the strategy of the treatment, but also in understanding the general development of the disease. Sequencing of the genomes of various organisms, human in particular, and the development of new modern techniques of research have created the prerequisites for targeted screening for genes that are potentially interesting for designing new drugs.
Order-<i>N</i>spectral method for electromagnetic waves (1995)

We show that the eigenmodes for electromagnetic waves in an inhomogeneous dielectric medium can be obtained with an algorithm that scales linearly with the size of the system. The method employs discretization of the Maxwell equations in both the spatial and the time domain and the integration of the Maxwell equations in the time domain. The spectral intensity can then be obtained by a Fourier transform. We applied the method to a few problems of current interest, including the photonic band structure of a periodic dielectric structure, the effective dielectric constants of some three-dimensional and two-dimensional systems, and the defect states of a periodic dielectric structure with structural defects.
Glucocorticoid Receptor-Mediated Cell Cycle Arrest Is Achieved through Distinct Cell-Specific Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms (1997)

Glucocorticoids inhibit proliferation of many cell types, but the events leading from the activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to growth arrest are not understood. Ectopic expression and activation of GR in human osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS and SAOS2, which lack endogenous receptors, result in a G1 cell cycle arrest. GR activation in U2OS cells represses expression of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) CDK4 and CDK6 as well as their regulatory partner, cyclin D3, leading to hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb). We also demonstrate a ligand-dependent reduction in the expression of E2F-1 and c-Myc, transcription factors involved in the G1-to-S-phase transition. Mitogen-activated protein kinase, CDK2, cyclin E, and the CDK inhibitors (CDIs) p27 and p21 are unaffected by receptor activation in U2OS cells. The receptor's N-terminal transcriptional activation domain is not required for growth arrest in U2OS cells. In Rb-deficient SAOS2 cells, however, the expression of p27 and p21 is induced upon receptor activation. Remarkably, in SAOS2 cells that express a GR deletion derivative lacking the N-terminal transcriptional activation domain, induction of CDI expression is abolished and the cells fail to undergo ligand-dependent cell cycle arrest. Similarly, murine S49 lymphoma cells, which, like SAOS2 cells, lack Rb, require the N-terminal activation domain for growth arrest and induce CDI expression upon GR activation. These cell-type-specific differences in receptor domains and cellular targets linking GR activation to cell cycle machinery suggest two distinct regulatory mechanisms of GR-mediated cell cycle arrest: one involving transcriptional repression of G1 cyclins and CDKs and the other involving enhanced transcription of CDIs by the activated receptor.
Ultrafast beam steering based on graphene metamaterial (2017)

In this work we demonstrate three different designs of tunable mid-infrared (MIR) beam steering devices based on multilayer graphene-dielectric metamaterials. In all designs the tunable beam steering is achieved by controlling the effective refractive index of the graphene metamaterial, which is done by changing the chemical potential of each graphene layer. The proposed beam steerer concepts allow a wide range of output angles (up to approximately 70 deg) and low reflection losses. The graphene-based tunable beam steering can be used in tunable transmitter/receiver modules for infrared imaging and sensing.
Heat transfer of microencapsulated PCM slurry flow in a circular tube (2008)

Abstract Heat transfer characteristics of microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) slurry flow in a circular horizontal tube are presented in this paper. Phase change due to the melting is investigated for water‐based slurries using microencapsulated 1‐bromohexadecane (C 16 H 33 Br) with a mass concentrations varying from 0 to 27.6%. The local heat transfer coefficients varied significantly along the test section when PCM particles were melting. The average Nusselt numbers were calculated based on the local heat transfer data and found to be significantly higher than those for single‐phase fluid flow. Two new heat transfer correlations, one used for the slurry under laminar condition (0 < Re < 2000) and another used for the slurry under slightly turbulent condition (2200 < Re < 3500), were proposed for predicting the heat transfer behaviors of MPCM slurry in a circular tube. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Adducts of Piperidine, Piperazine, Methylpiperazine, and Morpholine with Bis(β-Ketoenolates) of Nickel(II) (1972)

The bis(β-ketoenolates)nickel(II) adducts of piperidine, piperazine, methylpiperazine, and morpholine are isolated in the solid state and investigated by magnetic measurements and electronic and i.r. spectra. Magnetic measurements and electronic spectra give evidence of trans-octahedral configuration while i.r. spectra show that the amines are coordinated to the nickel atom towards the nitrogen atom. The new band found in the range 385–300 cm −1 for all complexes can be assigned to Ni—N vibration. In the Ni(DBM) 2 •4B (B = methylpiperazine and morpholine) the two additional bases are not coordinated to the metal atom.
The permittivity of polycrystals of the perovskite type (1946)

D. F. Rushman and M. A. Strivens, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1946, 42, A231 DOI: 10.1039/TF946420A231
A 0.05-mm<sup>2</sup> 110-&#x03BC;W 10-b self-calibrating successive approximation ADC core in 0.18-&#x03BC;m CMOS (2007)

We present a 10-bit 1-MS/s successive approximation analog-to-digital converter core including a charge redistribution digital-to-analog converter and a comparator. A new linearity calibration technique enables use of a nearly minimum capacitor limited by kT/C noise. The ADC core without Digital blocks has been fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS process and consumes 110μW at 1.8 V power supply. With the calibration it achieves 9.0-dB improvement of SNDR and 23.3dB improvement of SFDR. The measured SNDR and SFDR are 51.1 dB and 69.8 dB respectively.
The main immunogenic region of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Identification of amino acid residues interacting with different antibodies. (1989)

In myasthenia gravis a highly conserved area of the nicotinic receptor (AcChR) dominates the autoantibody response (main immunogenic region, MIR), and it is formed by residues within the sequence segment 67-76 of the AcChR alpha-subunit. We have studied the binding of eight anti-MIR mAb to synthetic peptides containing the sequence segment 67-76 of the human alpha-subunit, and peptide analogues containing single residue substitutions of this sequence. We used also a peptide where both Asp70 and Asp71 were substituted by glycine residues. The binding of six anti-MIR mAb was strongly influenced by several substitutions. All these mAb required residues Asn68, and Pro69 for binding. Five of them required also Asp71 and Tyr72. Substitution of Asp70, which is an Ala residue in Torpedo AcChR, was irrelevant for the binding of an anti-Torpedo and an anti-Electrophorus mAb, and moderately reduced the binding of an anti-human mAb (no. 203). Substitution of Trp67 moderately reduced the binding of some of these mAbs. A mAb of this group (the antihuman mAb no. 198) bound in a manner only slightly influenced by ionic strength, whereas the binding of the other five mAb of this group was very sensitive to the ionic strength. Two anti-Electrophorus MIR mAb bound similarly to all peptide analogues in low ionic strength. At high ionic strength only the peptide analogue where Asp 70 was changed to a Gly residue bound significantly. This may indicate that the Electrophorus MIR has an uncharged residue at this position, as does Torpedo AcChR. Residues at position 73, 74, 75, and 76 were of little or no importance for the binding of all anti-MIR mAb. A free amino terminus was essential for the binding of most mAb. The results of competition experiments between different peptides and native AcChR for mAb binding were consistent with those obtained in direct binding experiments.
Aligning tweets with events: Automation via semantics (2012)

Microblogging platforms, such as Twitter, now provide web users with an on-demand service to share and consume fragments of information. Such fragments often refer to real-world events (e.g., shows, conferences) and often refer to a particular event
The dual thin-film probe for high-frequency flow temperature measurements (2005)

In turbomachines, the flow total temperature determination requires probes that are not only robust and withstand high temperatures, but also able to correctly determine their fluctuations. To obtain accurate measurements, three dual thin-film probes based on a transient heat flux measurement technique have been constructed for time-averaged and time-resolved quantities. The design of the probes is first discussed. The probes, placed behind a cascade in the von Karman Institute (VKI) compression tube facility CT-2, are validated through a comparison with thermocouples. Measurements are also successfully performed behind the rotor and the second stator of the 1.5 stage high-speed turbine in the VKI compression tube facility CT-3. The comparison is made with a cold wire probe. The maximum-minimum temperature fluctuations measured behind the rotor and the second stator are 24 and 7°, respectively.
Synthetic aperture radio telescopes (2009)

Next-generation radio telescopes will be much larger, more sensitive, have a much larger observation bandwidth, and will be capable of pointing multiple beams simultaneously. Obtaining the sensitivity, resolution, and dynamic range supported by the receivers requires the development of new signal processing techniques for array and atmospheric calibration as well as new imaging techniques that are both more accurate and computationally efficient since data volumes will be much larger. This article provides an overview of existing image formation techniques and outlines some of the directions needed for information extraction from future radio telescopes. We describe the imaging process from measurement equation until deconvolution, both as a Fourier inversion problem and as an array processing estimation problem. The latter formulation enables the development of more advanced techniques based on state-of-the-art array processing. We also demonstrate the techniques on simulated and measured radio telescope data.
Facilitated diffusion in chromatin lattices: mechanistic diversity and regulatory potential (2005)

The interaction between a protein and a specific DNA site is the molecular basis for vital processes in all organisms. Location of the DNA target site by the protein commonly involves facilitated diffusion. Mechanisms of facilitated diffusion vary among proteins; they include one- and two-dimensional sliding along DNA, direct transfer between uncorrelated sites, as well as combinations of these mechanisms. Facilitated diffusion has almost exclusively been studied in vitro. This review discusses facilitated diffusion in the context of the living cell and proposes a theoretical model for facilitated diffusion in chromatin lattices. Chromatin structure differentially affects proteins in different modes of diffusion. The interplay of facilitated diffusion and chromatin structure can determine the rate of protein association with the target site, the frequency of association-dissociation events at the target site, and, under particular conditions, the occupancy of the target site. Facilitated diffusion is required in vivo for efficient DNA repair and bacteriophage restriction and has potential roles in fine-tuning gene regulatory networks and kinetically compartmentalizing the eukaryotic nucleus.
The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) (1990)

NRC publication: Yes
Tyrosine kinase inhibition decreases Muc-1 expression in mouse epithelial cells (1997)

Mouse uterine epithelial cells (UEC) express high levels of both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein encoding the polymorphic mucin glycoprotein, Muc-1, under most conditions in vivo and in vitro. Although steroid hormones modulate Muc-1 expression in vivo, it is not clear if these actions are mediated directly by steroid hormone receptors or indirectly by modulation of key intracellular signal transduction cascades. To address the latter issue, we examined the effects of a wide variety of modulators of signal transduction cascades on the expression of Muc-1 in primary cultures of polarized mouse UEC. Transient exposure of UEC to agents that inhibit tyrosine kinases by distinct mechanisms, i.e., tyrphostin, genistein, and staurosporine, consistently and significantly reduced Muc-1 expression. In contrast, a variety of agents that modulate protein kinase A- or C-dependent pathways had little or no effect on Muc-1. The effect of tyrphostin proved to be similar in magnitude at both the level of Muc-1 protein and mRNA expression. Transient transfection assays of mouse UEC and a murine mammary epithelial cell line, NMuMG, with mouse Muc-1 promoter-CAT reporter constructs demonstrated a similar (50-60%) degree of tyrphostin inhibition. These observations suggested an action at the level of Muc-1 gene expression. Levels of 100,000 g soluble tyrosine kinase activity in mouse UEC freshly isolated from estrous stage (high-level Muc-1 expression) and day 4 of pregnancy (low-level Muc-1 expression) correlated with Muc-1 expression. Furthermore, pretreatment of day 4 pregnant mice with the anti-progestin, RU486, an agent previously shown to restore or maintain high levels of Muc-1 expression, also restored soluble tyrosine kinase activity to levels similar to that observed in estrous stage mice. Collectively, these results indicate that tyrosine kinase activity is required to maintain high level Muc-1 expression in mice.