gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Problem of Resonance Fluorescence and the Inadequacy of Spontaneous Emission as a Test of Quantum Electrodynamics (1975)

The interaction of a two-level atom with an external electromagnetic field is examined in the framework of quantum electrodynamics, without any assumption about Markoffian behavior or stationarity. It is found that spontaneous emission in the vacuum and the rate of fluorescence in an external field do not depend on quantum properties of the electromagnetic field, whereas the correlation functions do.
Optimized 1 V and 10 V Josephson series arrays (1997)

Using a modified fabrication method and a detailed design investigation we have been able to optimize the array circuits for the Josephson voltage standard and to solve the trapped flux problem. Even in very long arrays (4800 junctions in a single stripline) a yield of 1 mV per junction could be achieved. The microwave power in the range from 70 GHz to 73 GHz required for stable operation of 1 V and 10 V circuits could be reduced to approximately 1 mW and 10 mW (antenna input), respectively. The best results at 10 V were obtained with circuits of 13 924 junctions arranged in 4 microwave paths connected in parallel. Excellent calibration conditions were maintained for current densities of about 10 A/cm/sup 2/ for which the ratio of operating frequency to plasma frequency is increased to six.
Advancements in Structural Well Integrity Design and Operation (2012)

Abstract With the heightened focus on safety in drilling operations, Det Norske Veritas(DNV) AS together with the drilling industry has started development of aseries of Recommended Practices (RP) for structural design and operation ofdrilling and well systems. The motivation for developing the industryguidelines stems from the fact that existing international standards providelimited or no guidance on overall system design and structural integrity. Theaim in creating the new RP series is to provide a sound framework for theentire drilling and well system in a systematic manner. The new RP seriestackles issues such as system engineering and interface design as well asproviding detail guidance on strength and fatigue calculation and informationand integrity management. It is seen as crucial that the drilling industry incorporates and adheres to asystematic and consistent method for safe design and operation of itsequipment. The RP development is part of an ongoing joint industry project (JIP)facilitated by DNV with participation from BG Group, BP, Chevron, Det Norske, Eni, ExxonMobil, GDF Suez, Lundin, Marathon, Nexen, Shell, Statoil, Talisman, Total and Woodside. The core of the RP series provides an overall design andoperational philosophy of drilling and well systems, and as there typically aremany individual components in a drilling and well system, the RP seriesprovides guidelines with regard to interface interactions and control ofresponsibility throughout a well's entire lifetime. The RP series combines thestrengths of the already existing design methodologies available in theindustry today, and provides specific guidance on structural strength andfatigue design. As such it represents a significant improvement derived fromkey elements of the best practices from around the world. The RP series consists of 4 separate volumes. Volume 1 provides an overalldesign philosophy for drilling and well equipment; Volume 2 covers strengthcapacity design, i.e. ULS/ALS. Volume 3 covers fatigue design, i.e. FLS andVolume 4 addresses integrity and information management. Introduction Ensuring structural integrity of drilling and well systems has been importantin the offshore industry ever since the first offshore wells were drilled inthe Gulf of Mexico. With current technology and its challenges where manyconductor and wellhead systems are located on the seabed and connected to anoffshore drilling unit, structural integrity has become a focus area for thedrilling industry. Even with current international codes and standardsavailable, a systematic method for ensuring structural integrity of the wellsystem has yet to be fully implemented. Ensuring structural well integrity isdefined in the JIP project as taking into account all of the loads acting onthe well system during its lifetime, i.e. drilling, completion, production, workover/intervention and plug and abandonment.
Ductility demand of partially self-centering structures under seismic loading: SDOF systems (2013)

In this paper, a numerical simulation study was conducted on the seismic behavior and ductility demand of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems with partially self-centering hysteresis. Unlike fully self-centering systems, partially self-centering systems display noticeable residual displacement after unloading is completed. Such partially self-centering behavior has been observed in a number of recently researched self-centering structural systems with energy dissipation devices. It is thus of interest to examine the seismic performance such as ductility demand of partially self-centering systems. In this study, a modified flag-shaped hysteresis model with residual displacement is proposed to represent the hysteretic behavior of partially self-centering structural systems. A parametric study considering the effect of variations in post-yield stiffness ratio, energy dissipation coefficient, and residual displacement ratio on the displacement ductility demand of partially self-centering systems was conducted using a suite of 192 scaled ground motions. The results of this parametric study reveal that increasing the post-yield stiffness, energy dissipation coefficient or residual displacement ratio of the partially self-centering systems generally leads to reduced ductility demand, especially for systems with lower yield strength.
Soft x-ray emission from subpicosecond laser-produced plasmas (1987)

Observation of soft x rays from a tungsten plasma produced by intense subpicosecond laser pulses is reported. X radiation of several keV photon energy was observed with just a few millijoules of laser energy. Using two consecutive pulses for the generation of the plasma the x-ray emission is maximal for a delay of about 30 to 50 ps between the laser pulses.
Patterning a Conjugated Molecular Thin Film at Submicron Scale by Modified Microtransfer Molding (2001)

We propose the fabrication at submicron resolution of a patterned thin film of tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum(III) (AlQ3) on a SiO/Si surface by modified microtransfer molding. The film is formed during the printing process. In this manner, it is possible to obtain a patterned homogeneous film with nanometer-size features by a single step, with no change to its adhesion and mechanical properties.
Reaction of <i>trans</i>-2-Acylaminocyclanols with Thionyl Chloride (1971)

trans-2-Acetamidocyclohexanol (1; n = 2, R = CH 3 ) on addition to thionyl chloride in chloroform at 0° was converted rapidly and quantitatively to D,L-2-methyl-4,5-cis-cyclohexanoöxazoline hydrochloride (2; n = 2, R = CH 3 ) judging from shifts in the methyl proton resonances of the n.m.r. spectra of the amide and the reaction solution. The intermediate chlorosulfinate was estimated to have a half-life of less than 2.25 min. The oxazoline salt was isolated in 98% yield by sublimation of the crude product in vacuo and was identified by its i.r. and n.m.r. spectra and by its facile and almost quantitative hydrolysis to cis-2-aminocyclohexanol hydrochloride. The oxazoline salts 2 (n = 1, R = CH 3 , [Formula: see text] and n = 2, R = C 6 H 5 , [Formula: see text]) were readily obtained in 95 % yield or better by the same general method and it was shown that the trans-2-acetamidocyclanols are the preferred starting materials for conversion to cis-2-aminocyclanol derivatives by the thionyl chloride inversion reaction. The oxazoline bases 4 (n = 1, R = CH 3 , [Formula: see text] and n = 2, R = CH 3 , [Formula: see text]) were readily obtained in high yield from the corresponding salts and differences in the i.r. and n.m.r. spectral characteristics of the salts and bases are reported.
Achieved Versus Intended Pulse Oximeter Saturation in Infants Born Less Than 28 Weeks' Gestation: The AVIOx Study (2006)

Success with maintaining the intended pulse oximeter saturation range varied substantially among centers, among patients within centers, and for individual patients over time. Most noncompliance was above the intended range. Methods for improving compliance and the effect of improved compliance on neonatal outcomes require additional research.
Treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis with liposome-intercalated amphotericin B (1984)

The therapeutic efficacy of a liposomal preparation of amphotericin B was evaluated in two murine models of cutaneous leishmaniasis. No significant decrease in tissue parasite density was observed in C57BL/6 mice after systemic treatment instituted seven days after footpad inoculation with Leishmania tropica; in contrast, BALB/c mice showed a modest response.
Bilateral Ovarian Metastases from<i>ALK</i>Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2014)

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement, is a kind of driver mutation, accounts for 3%-5% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC patients harboring ALK fusion genes have distinct clinical features and good response to ALK inhibitors. Metastasis from lung cancer to the ovary has rarely been known. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman with bilateral ovarian metastases from ALK rearranged NSCLC. She underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for ovary masses, which were progressed after cytotoxic chemotherapy although primary lung mass was decreased. Histopathological examination of the ovary tumor showed characteristic adenocarcinoma patterns of the lung and ALK rearrangement.
PMD-induced penalty statistics in fiber links (2005)

We study the statistics of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD)-induced system penalty in optical telecommunication systems. First, we extend the analysis from Maxwellian fiber-to-fiber routes with a finite number of degrees of freedom, or "hinges". Second, we take into account higher order terms in the optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty beyond the standard approximation. Our results show that in systems with few hinges, a smaller margin to PMD will result in the same outage probability.
Shape of the relapse curve and long‐term abstinence among untreated smokers (2003)

More reports of relapse curves of self-quitters are needed. Smoking cessation interventions should focus on the first week of abstinence. Interventions that produce abstinence rates of 5-10% may be effective. Cessation studies should report relapse curves.
On the Security of an Efficient Mobile Authentication Scheme for Wireless Networks (2010)

Tang and Wu proposed an efficient mobile authentication scheme for wireless networks, and claimed the scheme can effectively defend all known attacks to mobile networks including the denial-of-service attack. This article shows an existential replication attack on the scheme and, as a result, an attacker can obtain the communication key between a mobile user and the accessed VLR. Fortunately, we improve its security in this paper.
Accurate and Reliable Cancer Classification Based on Probabilistic Inference of Pathway Activity (2009)

With the advent of high-throughput technologies for measuring genome-wide expression profiles, a large number of methods have been proposed for discovering diagnostic markers that can accurately discriminate between different classes of a disease. However, factors such as the small sample size of typical clinical data, the inherent noise in high-throughput measurements, and the heterogeneity across different samples, often make it difficult to find reliable gene markers. To overcome this problem, several studies have proposed the use of pathway-based markers, instead of individual gene markers, for building the classifier. Given a set of known pathways, these methods estimate the activity level of each pathway by summarizing the expression values of its member genes, and use the pathway activities for classification. It has been shown that pathway-based classifiers typically yield more reliable results compared to traditional gene-based classifiers. In this paper, we propose a new classification method based on probabilistic inference of pathway activities. For a given sample, we compute the log-likelihood ratio between different disease phenotypes based on the expression level of each gene. The activity of a given pathway is then inferred by combining the log-likelihood ratios of the constituent genes. We apply the proposed method to the classification of breast cancer metastasis, and show that it achieves higher accuracy and identifies more reproducible pathway markers compared to several existing pathway activity inference methods.
Efficient, Diastereoselective Chemical Synthesis of a β-Mannopyranosyl Phosphoisoprenoid (2000)

[reaction: see text] Tetrabutylammonium benzyl dihydrophytylphosphate was coupled to S-phenyl 2,3-di-O-benyl-4, 6-O-benzylidene-1-thio-alpha-D-mannopyranoside S-oxide on activation with triflic anhydride in toluene at -78 degrees C to give the corresponding beta-mannosyl phosphate in 56% yield with no detectable formation of the alpha-anomer. Treatment with sodium in liquid ammonia then afforded the unprotected beta-mannosyl phosphoisoprenoid.
Chitosan cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels: Drug release control and mechanism B Biointerfaces (2017)

Chitosan has been used to cross-link poly(acrylic acid) to give three pH-sensitive hydrogels designed to control the release of the drugs amoxicillin and meloxicam. The extent of cross-linking and solution pH was found to dominate the swelling behavior of these hydrogels as shown by scanning electron microscopy and swelling time dependencies. The rates of release of amoxicillin and meloxicam from the loaded hydrogels increased with increase in pH consistent with the extent of hydrogen bonding between hydrogel components and between the hydrogel and the drugs being important determinants of release rate. Both the Korsemeyer-Peppas and Weibull models fitted release data consistent with drug release occurred through a combination of drug diffusion and hydrogel relaxation processes. These hydrogels appear to provide an ideal basis for controlled drug delivery systems.
Alterations in the oligodendrocyte lineage, myelin, and white matter in adult mice lacking the chemokine receptor CXCR2 (2006)

Oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) proliferation and migration are critical for the development of myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies showed that localized expression of the chemokine CXCL1 signals through the receptor CXCR2 to inhibit the migration and enhance the proliferation of spinal cord OPCs during development. Here, we report structural and functional alterations in the adult CNS of Cxcr2-/- mice. In Cxcr2-/- adult mice, we observed regional alterations in the density of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in Cxcr2-/- adult mice, with decreases in the cortex and anterior commissure but increases in the corpus callosum and spinal cord. An increase in the density and arborization of spinal cord NG2 positive cells was also observed in Cxcr2-/- adult mice. Compared with wild-type (WT) littermates, Cxcr2-/- mice exhibited a significant decrease in spinal cord white matter area, reduced thickness of myelin sheaths, and a slowing in the rate of central conduction of spinally elicited evoked potentials without significant changes in axonal caliber or number. Biochemical analyses showed decreased levels of myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In vitro studies showed reduced numbers of differentiated oligodendrocytes in Cxcr2-/- spinal cord cultures. Together, these findings indicate that the chemokine receptor CXCR2 is important for the development and maintenance of the oligodendrocyte lineage, myelination, and white matter in the vertebrate CNS.
AAV-Delivered Antibody Mediates Significant Protective Effects against SIVmac239 Challenge in the Absence of Neutralizing Activity (2015)

Long-term delivery of potent broadly-neutralizing antibodies is a promising approach for the prevention of HIV-1 infection. We used AAV vector intramuscularly to deliver anti-SIV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in IgG1 form to rhesus monkeys. Persisting levels of delivered mAb as high as 270 μg/ml were achieved. However, host antibody responses to the delivered antibody were observed in 9 of the 12 monkeys and these appeared to limit the concentration of delivered antibody that could be achieved. This is reflected in the wide range of delivered mAb concentrations that were achieved: 1-270 μg/ml. Following repeated, marginal dose, intravenous challenge with the difficult-to-neutralize SIVmac239, the six monkeys in the AAV-5L7 IgG1 mAb group showed clear protective effects despite the absence of detectable neutralizing activity against the challenge virus. The protective effects included: lowering of viral load at peak height; lowering of viral load at set point; delay in the time to peak viral load from the time of the infectious virus exposure. All of these effects were statistically significant. In addition, the monkey with the highest level of delivered 5L7 mAb completely resisted six successive SIVmac239 i.v. challenges, including a final challenge with a dose of 10 i.v. infectious units. Our results demonstrate the continued promise of this approach for the prevention of HIV-1 infection in people. However, the problem of anti-antibody responses will need to be understood and overcome for the promise of this approach to be effectively realized.
5-GHz mode locking of a Nd:YLF laser (1991)

A frequency-modulated Nd:YLF laser has been mode locked at a repetition rate of 5.4 GHz by using 20 mW of microwave power applied to a LiTaO(3) electro-optic phase modulator in a short (2-cm) laser cavity. The 13-ps pulse duration is shorter than expected on the basis of mode-locking theory for homogeneously broadened transitions and is attributed to inhomogeneity associated with spatial hole burning.
Platelet-derived Growth Factor and Fibronectin-stimulated Migration Are Differentially Regulated by the Rac and Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Pathways (1997)

Directed cell migration is essential for a variety of important biological processes ranging from development and angiogenesis to metastasis. Ras plays a pivotal role in the signaling cascade that governs chemotaxis of fibroblasts toward platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Ras activates multiple downstream pathways, which include the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Rac, and Ral signaling cascades. We therefore investigated the role of the Rac and ERK pathways in cell migration. We showed that migration of fibroblasts toward PDGF-BB is inhibited by expression of dominant negative Asn-17 Rac1. Blocking of the ERK pathway by either expression of dominant negative Ala-218/Ala-222-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (A218/A222-MEK1) or by a MEK-specific inhibitor did not inhibit migration toward PDGF-BB. In contrast, migration toward soluble fibronectin was suppressed by inhibition of the ERK pathway but not by Asn-17 Rac1 expression. These results indicate that directed cell migration mediated by different receptor classes in response to different ligands differentially utilizes the Rac and ERK pathways and suggest that Rac might play a critical role in pathological processes such as angiogenesis and metastasis.
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for Breast Cancer: Analysis in a Diverse Patient Group (1999)

Sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy without axillary dissection is appropriate in patients with breast cancer who have not undergone prior intervention. Further study is necessary to ascertain the accuracy of the procedure for patients who have undergone presurgical chemotherapy or previous excisional biopsy.
Can 200 IU of hCG replace recombinant FSH in the late follicular phase in a GnRH-antagonist cycle? A pilot study (2009)

In this pilot trial, substitution of rFSH by low-dose hCG in the final days of COS leads to a reduction of FSH consumption whereas ICSI outcome, in terms of oocyte yield and ongoing pregnancy rate, remains comparable to the traditional regimen (ClinicalTrials.gov, trial number: NCT00750100).
Genetics of Pain Perception, <i>COMT</i> and Postoperative Pain Management in Children (2014)

COMT SNPs may play a significant role in interindividual variation in postoperative pain perception and postoperative morphine requirements in children. Original submitted 16 August 2013; Revision submitted 13 December 2013.
Loss of the Desmosomal Component Perp Impairs Wound Healing <i>In Vivo</i> (2010)

Epithelial wound closure is a complex biological process that relies on the concerted action of activated keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts to resurface and close the exposed wound. Modulation of cell-cell adhesion junctions is thought to facilitate cellular proliferation and migration of keratinocytes across the wound. In particular, desmosomes, adhesion complexes critical for maintaining epithelial integrity, are downregulated at the wound edge. It is unclear, however, how compromised desmosomal adhesion would affect wound reepithelialization, given the need for a delicate balance between downmodulating adhesive strength to permit changes in cellular morphology and maintaining adhesion to allow coordinated migration of keratinocyte sheets. Here, we explore the contribution of desmosomal adhesion to wound healing using mice deficient for the desmosomal component Perp. We find that Perp conditional knockout mice display delayed wound healing relative to controls. Furthermore, we determine that while loss of Perp compromises cell-cell adhesion, it does not impair keratinocyte proliferation and actually enhances keratinocyte migration in in vitro assays. Thus, Perp's role in promoting cell adhesion is essential for wound closure. Together, these studies suggest a role for desmosomal adhesion in efficient wound healing.
A 33 &#x00D7; 25 &#x00B5;m<sup>2</sup> low-power range finder (2012)

Within this paper a time-of-flight single-pixel range finding sensor is presented. The sensor is fabricated in a standard 180 nm 1P6M CMOS process, occupying a total active area of 33 × 25 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , at a fill factor of ~ 55%. The pixel power consumption is reduced to 900 nW, facilitating the current domain ambient light (AL) suppression at the same time. Measurement results show a standard deviation of 7 mm at 1.2 m and below 5.2 cm for a range up to 3.2 m. The AL immunity is characterized up to 180 klx, demonstrating a distance deviation within 4 cm.