gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, modeling, and implementation of a 30-kW piezoelectric pulse generator (2002)

The design and modeling of a high power piezoelectric pulse generator is presented and discussed. The piezoelectric element produces a transient voltage pulse when mechanically compressed. This investigation presents a theoretical description of the pulse generator as well as methods to implement it in a computer model. The computer model of the pulse generator can be separated in two functional parts-the mechanical model and the electrical model. The two models are linked by the electromechanical constants of the piezoelectric material. Additionally, this investigation presents techniques used to model the diagnostic system that measures the generator output. Finally, two experiments (i.e., piezoelectric projectile and bench test) have been performed on the piezoelectric pulse generator to compare the results with the computer model. The piezoelectric material used in this investigation is barium titanate. In the first experiment, the experimental results and the simulation results are not in good agreement due to the problem with the diagnostic system. Experimentally, the peak current, peak power, and power density are 58.2 A, 28.4 kW, and 517 kW/cm/sup 3/, respectively. The second experiment gives the results that are very well agreed with the computer model with the bench test diagnostics system. Experimentally, the peak current, peak power and power density are 36 A, 15.6 kW, and 96.7 kW/cm/sup 3/, respectively.
Distortion compensation for generalized stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (1997)

Optical distortion due to inaccurate optical alignment, lens nonlinearity, and/or refraction by optical windows, fluid interfaces, and other optical elements of an experiment causes inaccuracy by introducing variable magnification. Since fractional changes in the magnification have a one-to-one effect on the accuracy of measuring the velocity, it is important to compensate for such distortions. A general experimental calibration procedure is described which determines the magnification matrix of a distorted imaging system, and an algorithm is presented to compute accurate velocity field displacements from measurements of distorted PIV images. These procedures form a basis for generalized stereoscopic PIV procedures which permit easy electronic registration of multiple cameras and accurate recombination of stereoscopic displacement fields to obtain the three-dimensional velocity vector field.
A novel PWM scheme to eliminate common-mode voltages in cascaded multi-level inverters (2004)

In this paper, mechanism of common-mode voltage of voltage source inverter is discussed in details, and it is pointed out that among the pulse width modulation (PWM) strategies for cascaded multi-level inverters (CMLI), those who based on inphase modulation of power-cell can cause common-mode voltage. Also, a novel SPWM for reducing common-mode voltage of cascaded multi-level inverter is presented, the proposed SPWM strategy using non-inphase modulation signals and third harmonic injection can totally eliminate common-mode voltage without extra hardware, and maintain high utilizing ratio of DC-Link voltage simultaneously. Theoretical analysis, simulation results are presented to verify the proposed strategy.
Biological Activity of Recombinant Human Interleukin-2 Produced in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1984)

The gene for interleukin-2 was isolated from the Jurkat cell line and from normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and, when inserted in Escherichia coli, was expressed at high concentrations. This interleukin-2 was purified to apparent homogeneity and tested for biological activity in a variety of assays in vitro and in vivo. The recombinant lymphokine supports the growth of murine and human interleukin-2 dependent cell lines, enhances the generation of murine and human cytolytic cells in vitro, and generates lymphokine activated killer cells from murine and human lymphocytes. It has a serum half-life of 2 to 3 minutes in the mouse and significantly enhances the generation of cytolytic cells in vivo after alloimmunization. No functional differences between native and the recombinant interleukin-2 molecules have been detected.
Development and spread of high-yielding rice varieties in developing countries (1986)

Development and spread of high-yielding rice varieties in developing countries , Development and spread of high-yielding rice varieties in developing countries , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Viral aggregation: buffer effects in the aggregation of poliovirus and reovirus at low and high pH (1979)

The effects of the buffer employed in maintaining a given pH value were tested on the aggregation of two viruses, poliovirus and reovirus. Poliovirus was found to aggregate at pH values of 6 and below, but not at pH 7 or above, except in borate buffer. Reovirus aggregated at pH 4 and below, but was found to aggregate only in acetate or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-citrate buffers at pH 5. Other buffers tested for aggregation of reovirus at pH 5 (succinate, citrate, and phosphate-citrate) induced little aggregation. No significant aggregation was found for reovirus at pH 6 and above. For both viruses, the most effective aggregation was induced by buffers having a substantial monovalently charged anionic component, such as acetate at pH 5 and 6 or citrate at pH 3. Cationic buffers at low pH, such as glycine, were generally weaker in aggregating ability than anionic buffers at the same pH. These results, when correlated with the isoelectric point of the viruses (poliovirus at pH 8.2; reovirus at pH 3.9) indicated that both viruses aggregated strongly when their overall charge was positive, but only under certain circumstances when their overall charge was negative. Although reovirus aggregated massively at its isoelectric point, poliovirus remained dispersed at its isoelectric point. The conclusion can be drawn that those pH and buffer conditions which induced aggregation of one virus do not necessarily induce it in another.
Postprocessing in Block-Based Video Coding Based on a Quantization Noise Model (2005)

We present a model of quantization noise in block-coded videos with some assumptions in wavelet domain and propose a postprocessing method to reduce the quantization noise based on the model. A frame of video sequences is considered as a set of one-dimensional (1-D) horizontal and vertical signals. The quantization noise is considered as the sum of the blocking noise and the remainder noise. We model the blocking noise as an impulse or that along with a dispersed impulse at each block boundary in the wavelet domain. The validity of the blocking noise model is investigated. We also model the remainder noise as white Gaussian noise at non-edge pixels in the wavelet domain. Whether the model accommodates well to the remainder noise or not is also examined. The blocking noise is reduced by subtracting a profile, whose strength is adaptively estimated, at each block boundary from the coded signal. The remainder noise then is reduced by a soft-thresholding. We also propose a fast algorithm for the proposed method by approximating coefficients of shape profiles used in blocking noise reduction and inverse wavelet transform (WT) filters used in remainder noise reduction. The performance is evaluated for QCIF video sequences coded by H.263 TMN5 with quantization parameter (QP) in the range of 5--25 and is compared to that of the MPEG-4 verification model (VM) post-filter. Experimental results show that the proposed method yields not only PSNR improvement of maximum 0.5--dB over the VM post-filter but also subjective quality nearly free of the blocking artifact and edge blur.
Local scale control for edge detection and blur estimation (1998)

We show that knowledge of sensor properties and operator norms can be exploited to define a unique, locally computable minimum reliable scale for local estimation at each point in the image. This method for local scale control is applied to the problem of detecting and localizing edges in images with shallow depth of field and shadows. We show that edges spanning a broad range of blur scales and contrasts can be recovered accurately by a single system with no input parameters other than the second moment of the sensor noise. A natural dividend of this approach is a measure of the thickness of contours which can be used to estimate focal and penumbral blur. Local scale control is shown to be important for the estimation of blur in complex images, where the potential for interference between nearby edges of very different blur scale requires that estimates be made at the minimum reliable scale.
Studies on Acrylic Fiber-Characterization on Acrylic Filaments Spun with Various Coagulation Media (1964)

凝固浴の凝固力と凝固糸条の構造,性質との関連性たとえば繊維の失透現象などに対する凝固浴の作用を明らかにする目的で実験を行ない次の結果を得た。(1)体積空孔率および収縮係数Kを種々の凝固浴について測定した結果,緻密性の高い凝固糸を得る単独組成の凝固浴としてエステル類,炭化水素類および炭素数の多い1価アルコール類などがすぐれている。ケトン類およびクロロホルム等は凝固浴としての適性がない。(2)凝固価と収縮係数との結果から沈殿力の強い凝固浴ほど収縮係数が大きい傾向にあることが認められる。
Deep Neural Network-based Speech Separation Combining with MVDR Beamformer for Automatic Speech Recognition System (2019)

This paper presents a speech enhancement system based on deep neural network (DNN) combined with a minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer for a noise-robust automatic speech recognizer (ASR). Although adaptive beamforming algorithms have been proposed to improve speech recognition performance, they still have problem with performance degradation in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and speech-like noisy environments such as babble, music, and TV noises. Therefore, in this study, we propose a speech enhancement algorithm that combines DNN-based speech separation and MVDR beamforming algorithms to improve the ASR performance. First, DNN-based speech separation algorithm using an ideal ratio mask (IRM) is performed on the signals captured from each microphone. For this, the IRM estimated by the DNN is applied independently for each microphone channel using a mean value of the estimated masks. After that, the output signals of the DNN-based speech separation are processed by an ideal binary mask (IBM)-based MVDR beamformer to reduce the residual noise and reverberation where the IBM is estimated using the DNN. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm, which combines the DNN-based speech separation and MVDR beamforming algorithms, is better than DNN or MVDR alone in the QVoice, LG's ASR system in G7 smartphone.
Prevention of hemodynamic and vascular albumin filtration changes in diabetic rats by aldose reductase inhibitors (1989)

This study investigated hemodynamic changes in diabetic rats and their relationship to changes in vascular albumin permeation and increased metabolism of glucose to sorbitol. The effects of 6 wk of streptozocin-induced diabetes and three structurally different inhibitors of aldose reductase were examined on 1) regional blood flow (assessed with 15-μm 85Sr-labeled microspheres) and vascular permeation by 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 2) glomerular filtration rate (assessed by plasma clearance of 57Co-labeled EDTA) and urinary albumin excretion (determined by radial immunodiffusion assay). In diabetic rats, blood flow was significantly increased in ocular tissues (anterior uvea, posterior uvea, retina, and optic nerve), sciatic nerve, kidney, new granulation tissue, cecum, and brain. 125I-BSA permeation was increased in all of these tissues except brain. Glomerular filtration rate and 24-h urinary albumin excretion were increased 2- and 29-fold, respectively, in diabetic rats. All three aldose reductase inhibitors completely prevented or markedly reduced these hemodynamic and vascular filtration changes and increases in tissue sorbitol levels in the anterior uvea, posterior uvea, retina, sciatic nerve, and granulation tissue. These observations indicate that early diabetes-induced hemodynamic changes and increased vascular albumin permeation and urinary albumin excretion are aldose reductase-linked phenomena. Discordant effects of aldose reductase inhibitors on blood flow and vascular albumin permeation in some tissues suggest that increased vascular albumin permeation is not entirely attributable to hemodynamic changes. We hypothesize that 1) increases in blood flow may reflect impaired contractile function of smooth muscle cells in resistance arterioles and 2) increases in vascular 125I-BSA permeation and urinary albumin excretion reflect impaired vascular barrier functional integrity in addition to increased hydraulic conductance secondary to microvascular hypertension associated with decreased vascular resistance.
Shor's discrete logarithm quantum algorithm for elliptic curves (2003)

We show in some detail how to implement Shor's efficient quantum algorithm for discrete logarithms for the particular case of elliptic curve groups. It turns out that for this problem a smaller quantum computer can solve problems further beyond current computing than for integer factorisation. A 160 bit elliptic curve cryptographic key could be broken on a quantum computer using around 1000 qubits while factoring the security-wise equivalent 1024 bit RSA modulus would require about 2000 qubits. In this paper we only consider elliptic curves over GF(p) and not yet the equally important ones over GF(2^n) or other finite fields. The main technical difficulty is to implement Euclid's gcd algorithm to compute multiplicative inverses modulo p. As the runtime of Euclid's algorithm depends on the input, one difficulty encountered is the ``quantum halting problem''.
Acetaldehyde Generating Enzyme Systems: Roles of Alcohol Dehydrogenase, CYP2E1 and Catalase, and Speculations on the Role of Other Enzymes and Processes (2006)

Most acetaldehyde is generated in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) during ethanol metabolism. Polymorphic variants of these genes encode enzymes with altered kinetic properties, and pathophysiological effects of these variants may be mediated by accumulation of acetaldehyde. Two additional pathways of acetaldehyde generation are by the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and catalase. While the amount of ethanol oxidized by these enzymes comprises a small fraction of total body ethanol clearance, the local formation of acetaldehyde by these enzymes may have important effects. Additional sources of acetaldehyde include other minor enzymes (nitric oxide synthase, other cytochrome P450s, P450 reductase, xanthine oxidoreductase) as well as non-enzymatic pathways (formation of hydroxyethyl radicals from the reaction of ethanol with hydroxyl radical, and its subsequent decomposition to acetaldehyde). Acetaldehyde may have effects locally (in the cells generating it), or when delivered to other cells by the blood stream or saliva, or by diffusion from the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. The ultimate determinants of acetaldehyde toxicity include rates of its formation, rates of oxidation, and the capacity of cellular systems to prevent or repair chemical effects of acetaldehyde (e.g. formation of protein adducts or modification of nucleic acid bases).
High-speed modulation of an electrooptic directional coupler (1981)

A LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> :Ti directional coupler driven by an RF signal has been tested at 1.06 μm over a large modulation bandwidth. An analytical model has been developed leading to simple usable expressions to describe the theoretical dependence of the frequency spectrum of sinusoidally modulated light. The frequency response has been measured with a scanning Fabry-Perot and also with a high-speed photodiode. Both methods provided results which are in good agreement. The 9 mm long switch exhibited a 2.5 GHz bandwidth; a 16 dB extinction ratio has been achieved with a driving power of approximately 50μW/MHz. The confirmation of practical modulation response expressions shows the advantage of the optical spectrum observation, which is a very simple measurement method without any bandwidth limitation. In addition, this method has the advantage of remaining quite accurate even for large modulation signals.
Distribution and synthesis of bone sialoprotein in metaphyseal bone of young rats show a distinctly different pattern from that of osteopontin. (1994)

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN) are two phosphorylated and highly glycosylated cell-binding proteins in bone. Both proteins bind to hydroxylapatite. The cell binding is mediated via an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence and previous work indicates that both proteins can bind to the vitronectin receptor (alpha v beta 3). The present work shows that a prevailing localization of BSP in metaphyseal bone of the young rat is at the interface between calcified cartilage and bone. Thus BSP shows a conspicuous enrichment in the osteoid laid down by the invading osteoblasts immediately next to the calcified cartilage. Furthermore, the most prominent amount of BSP mRNA was detected in cells at the epiphyseal/metaphyseal border. As opposed to OPN, no prominent accumulation of BSP immunoreactivity was observed at bone surfaces that face cells. Also the synthesis OPN was most pronounced at sites very different from those of BSP. Thus, the most prominent amount of OPN mRNA was observed in cells close to the metaphyseal/diaphyseal border, where osteoclastic bone resorption is particularly active. Indeed, message was often found in cells surrounding osteoclasts without any detectable message. The distinctly different patterns of synthesis and expression of the two proteins indicate different roles in bone turnover at this stage of development. Thus, it appears that BSP has a specific role during the initial phases of bone formation at the cartilage/bone interface. On the other hand, the pattern of OPN synthesis and expression support and extend our previous data showing OPN particularly enriched at attachment sites of osteoclasts resorbing bone.
The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Keratoconus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019)

The results of this study, as the most comprehensive meta-analysis of keratoconus prevalence and risk factors, showed that keratoconus had a low prevalence in the world and eye rubbing, family history of keratoconus, allergy, asthma, and eczema were the most important risk factors for keratoconus according to the available evidence.
Pharmacokinetics of dehydroepiandrosterone and its metabolites after long-term oral dehydroepiandrosterone treatment in postmenopausal women (2009)

In Brief Objective: Some postmenopausal women use over-the-counter dehydroepiandrosterone because of its purported beneficial effects. Although without major inherent androgenic activity, it is metabolized to potent androgens and estrogens. We investigated the pharmacokinetics of dehydroepiandrosterone and its relevant metabolites after prolonged treatment of postmenopausal women with 25 mg/d of dehydroepiandrosterone. Methods: Twenty healthy postmenopausal women were randomized to either 25 mg/d of dehydroepiandrosterone or placebo for 6 months. Frequent blood samples were obtained over 24 hours on day 1 and after 3 and 6 months. Results: Mean baseline androgen levels at day 1 and month 3 in the treated group (seven evaluable women) were the following: dehydroepiandrosterone, 1.82 and 3.56 ng/mL; dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 0.96 and 3.37 μg/mL; 5-androstene-3β,17β-diol, 0.32 and 0.66 ng/mL; androstenedione, 0.50 and 0.86 ng/mL; testosterone, 17.9 and 28.7 ng/dL; dihydrotestosterone, 6.91 and 17.4 ng/dL; and 3α-androstanediol glucuronide, 2.66 and 10.7 ng/mL, respectively; these increases were significant. Small changes (−6% to 16%) were observed from month 3 to month 6. Nonsignificant increases were observed in baseline estrone and estradiol levels and in Cmax and AUC0-24h values for the androgens and estrogens from day 1 to months 3 and 6 of treatment. Sex hormone-binding globulin levels were unchanged, but free testosterone increased significantly from day 1 to month 3. Baseline hormone levels did not increase in the placebo group (six evaluable women). Changes in baseline values over time differed significantly between the groups for all hormones except estrone and estradiol. Conclusions: In postmenopausal women treated orally with a commonly available dose of dehydroepiandrosterone, the daily exposure (AUC) of dehydroepiandrosterone and its principal androgenic metabolites was found to be similar during 6 months of treatment despite increased serum baseline concentrations of these androgens. In postmenopausal women treated orally with a commonly available dose of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the daily exposure (AUC) of DHEA and its principal androgenic and estrogenic metabolites was found to be similar during 6 months of treatment, despite elevated serum baseline concentrations of these hormones.
Advice for Internet Subnetwork Designers (2004)

This document provides advice to the designers of digital
communication equipment, link-layer protocols, and packet-switched
local networks (collectively referred to as subnetworks), who wish to
support the Internet protocols but may be unfamiliar with the Internet
architecture and the implications of their design choices on the
performance and efficiency of the Internet. This document specifies an
Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and
requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
DNA Synthesis Is Required for Reprogramming Mediated by Stem Cell Fusion (2013)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can instruct the conversion of differentiated cells toward pluripotency following cell-to-cell fusion by a mechanism that is rapid but poorly understood. Here, we used centrifugal elutriation to enrich for mouse ESCs at sequential stages of the cell cycle and showed that ESCs in S/G2 phases have an enhanced capacity to dominantly reprogram lymphocytes and fibroblasts in heterokaryon and hybrid assays. Reprogramming success was associated with an ability to induce precocious nucleotide incorporation within the somatic partner nuclei in heterokaryons. BrdU pulse-labeling experiments revealed that virtually all successfully reprogrammed somatic nuclei, identified on the basis of Oct4 re-expression, had undergone DNA synthesis within 24 hr of fusion with ESCs. This was essential for successful reprogramming because drugs that inhibited DNA polymerase activity effectively blocked pluripotent conversion. These data indicate that nucleotide incorporation is an early and critical event in the epigenetic reprogramming of somatic cells in experimental ESC-heterokaryons.
Influence of Microwave‐Assisted Pechini Method on La<sub>0.80</sub>Sr<sub>0.20</sub>Ga<sub>0.83</sub>Mg<sub>0.17</sub>O<sub>3–δ</sub> Ionic Conductivity (2012)

Abstract With the aim of investigating the microwave influence on the electrolyte material properties, La 0.80 Sr 0.20 Ga 0.83 Mg 0.17 O 2.815 was prepared by both a conventional and a microwave‐assisted sol–gel Pechini method. With respect to the conventional Pechini method (hereafter SGP), the microwave assisted process (hereafter MWA‐SGP) guaranteed a faster procedure, reducing the time needed to remove the excess solvents to complete the polyesterification reaction from some days to a few hours. In fact, when a MWA‐SGP method was used, powders having higher phase purity were obtained. The sintering process at 1,450 °C of the powders prepared by both methods yielded pellets with similar density values (≥92% of theoretical). Nevertheless, only by microwave‐assisted process single‐phase products were obtained and no secondary phases such as tetragonal LaSrGaO 4 and LaSrGa 3 O 7 were detected. These by‐products have been demonstrated to be detrimental for conductivity. Indeed, pellets obtained by MWA‐SGP method showed oxygen ionic conductivity values higher (about 30–40%) than those checked for SGP samples, thus demonstrating the important role of the microwave process on reducing time and costs and on improving the electrolyte properties.