gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Energy Strategies in Turkey: Forecasts by Time Series (2018)

As a developing country with over 70% external dependence on energy, there is an increasing demand for electricity in Turkey. In this study, energy resources strategies in Turkey have been investigated and the historical development of its energy usage was summarised. Turkey's energy demand has increased as a result of industrial development and the various energy sources have been selected in different periods to meet this need. In all periods, fossil fuels have taken the lead in energy production. Although investments in renewable and nuclear energy sources have increased, fossil energy sources will not be replaced in the near future. The future fossil fuel production, the electricity production and the greenhouse emissions have been calculated and interpreted by time series (ARIMA), statistically. The forecasts mainly show that natural gas based electricity generation will decrease to 9.3% and renewable energy based electricity generation will increase to 25.6% in the next decade. It is obvious that the fossil fuels based greenhouse emissions will be 375.61 million tons CO2 equivalent in 2026 and the largest share of this emission will be derived from the natural gas by 66.3 billion m3.
Autologous Tendons Used as Grafts for Bridging Peripheral Nerve Defects (1999)

This study was performed to investigate whether autologous collagen and other extracellular matrix components could be used in nerve repair by bridging a 10 mm defect in the rat sciatic nerve. Three models of repair were examined. In the first model, a rat tail tendon was teased and subsequently rolled to form a loose collagen roll which was sutured over the defect. In the second model, an intact tendon was used. In the third model, a teased tendon was pretreated with attachment of nerve segments to each end for 4 weeks before grafting. Both teased and intact tendons supported regeneration, to some extent. Pretreatment resulted in migration of Schwann cells into the graft, and enhanced regeneration.
Genetics of the metabolic syndrome (2000)

The clustering of cardiovascular risk factors such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and glucose intolerance in the same persons has been called the metabolic or insulin-resistance syndrome. In 1998 WHO proposed a unifying definition for the syndrome and chose to call it the metabolic syndrome rather than the insulin-resistance syndrome. Although insulin resistance has been considered as a common denominator for the different components of the syndrome, there is still debate as to whether it is pathogenically involved in all of the different components of the syndrome. Clustering of the syndrome in families suggests a genetic component. It is plausible that so-called thrifty genes, which have ensured optimal storage of energy during periods of fasting, could contribute to the phenotype of the metabolic syndrome. Common variants in a number of candidate genes influencing fat and glucose metabolism can probably, together with environmental triggers, increase susceptibility to the syndrome. Among these, the genes for β 3 -adrenergic receptor, hormone-sensitive lipase, lipoprotein lipase, IRS-1, PC-1, skeletal muscle glycogen synthase, etc. appear to increase the risk of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, novel genes may be identified by genome-wide searches.
Chromatic confocal matrix sensor with actuated pinhole arrays (2015)

We present two versions of a chromatic confocal matrix sensor for the snapshot acquisition of three-dimensional objects. The first version contains separate illumination and detection pinhole arrays, while the second version uses a single pinhole array in double pass. The discrete lateral measurement points defined by the illumination and detection pinhole arrays are evaluated in parallel with a hyperspectral detection module. As this approach enables the spectrometric evaluation of all lateral channels, multilayer objects can be analyzed. To increase the lateral resolution the pinhole arrays are moved by micromechanical actuators. The paper includes a quantitative evaluation of the chromatic confocal module and proof-of-principle experiments with the full sensor system.
Genetically modified macrophages expressing hypoxia regulated cytochrome P450 and P450 reductase for the treatment of cancer (2010)

This study describes a combined gene and cell therapy based on the genetic modification of primary human macrophages, as a treatment for cancer. Here, we have utilised the tumour-infiltrating properties of macrophages as vehicles to deliver a gene encoding a prodrug-activating enzyme such as human cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) inside tumours followed by killing the tumour cells with the prodrug cyclophosphamide (CPA). Macrophages were transduced with an adenoviral vector that expresses human cytochrome CYP2B6 via a synthetic hypoxia responsive promoter (OBHRE) and with human P450 reductase (P450R), via the CMV promoter. In the presence of CPA, these genetically modified macrophages showed increased cytotoxicity against various tumour cell lines compared to untransduced macrophages or macrophages transduced with CYP2B6 alone. In human ovarian carcinoma xenograft models, the median survival of mice treated with genetically modified macrophages plus CPA increased up to two-fold compared to the survival of mice treated with untransduced macrophages and CPA. Genetically modified autologous macrophages may be a feasible therapeutic option for the treatment of some solid tumours, such as ovarian cancer.
Conversion of antibiotic A82846B to orienticin A and structural relationships of related antibiotics (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of antibiotic A82846B to orienticin A and structural relationships of related antibioticsRamakrishnan Nagarajan, Donnis M. Berry, Ann H. Hunt, John L. Occolowitz, and Amelia A. SchabelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 4, 983–986Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00265a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00265a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of the human p53 gene promoter. (1989)

Transcriptional deregulation of the p53 gene may play an important part in the genesis of some tumors. We report here an accurate determination of the transcriptional start sites of the human p53 gene and show that the majority of p53 mRNA molecules do not contain a postulated stem-loop structure at their 5' ends. Recombinant plasmids of the human p53 promoter-leader region fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) were constructed. After transfection into rodent or human cells, a 350-base-pair fragment spanning the promoter region conferred 4% of the CAT activity mediated by the simian virus 40 early promoter/enhancer. We monitored the efficiency with which 15 3' and 5' promoter deletion constructs initiated transcription. Our results show that an 85-base-pair fragment, previously thought to have resided in exon 1, is all that is required for full promoter activity.
<title>Thickness-modulated waveguides for integrated optical sensing</title> (2002)

Novel sensor chips for evanescent wave sensing have been developed and investigated for various (bio-) chemical applications. A preferred integrated optical sensing scheme requires an array of independent sensing pads being present on the chip, each one of them having two different regions for in- and out coupling of the optical readout beam. We present a novel chip type, where this goal is achieved by thickness variations of the waveguiding film and one single grating period. The sensor chips consisted of a 300 nm thick Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> waveguide deposited on a glass substrate structured with a uniform grating of 360 nm period. By this optical structure a first coupling angle was defined. Sensing pads with a different coupling angle were realized by etching the film at selected regions down to a thickness of about 150 nm. The performance of the novel chips was demonstrated in various refractometric sensing applications. The experiments included cover medium refractive index variation as well as monitoring of affinity binding of small molecules. A very high resolution of 3x10<SUP>-8</SUP> in the effective refractive index was achieved. The emphasis of this paper is on describing this approach and on presenting optical chip characterization methods together with modeling results.
A High-Efficiency SOI CMOS Stacked-FET Power Amplifier Using Phase-Based Linearization (2014)

A linearization technique based on the phase correction is proposed for a CMOS stacked-FET power amplifier (PA). The linearizer employs a phase injection circuit as a main linearizer. The phase injection circuit presents envelope-reshaped capacitance to the gate of a driver amplifier to correct for phase compression near saturation. It also helps with AM-AM linearization. Hybrid bias circuit consisting of a diode and a resistor is also employed for static adaptive biasing, which allows the PA to meet stringent linearity requirement across the entire power range. Two stacked-FET linear PAs with the proposed linearizers have been designed using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS process at 1.88 and 0.9 GHz. The fabricated PAs show adjacent channel leakage ratios (ACLRs) better than -39 dBc with peak power-added efficiencies (PAEs) of 44.3 and 49.2% at 1.88 and 0.9 GHz, respectively, using 3GPP uplink W-CDMA signal.