gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Electrolytic Properties of a Magnesium Organohaloaluminate Electrolyte on Magnesium Deposition (2013)

Complex magnesium organohaloaluminate electrolytes were studied by electrochemical transport measurements and in-situ electrochemical/X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to examine the reversibility of electrochemical magnesium deposition. To better understand the role of this electrolyte system, ionic transport properties such as transference number, ionic conductivity, and diffusion coefficient of Mg-ion species were measured at different concentrations. Transference number was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy by quantifying the amount of potentiometric Mg deposition on Pt electrode. Despite exhibiting 100% Coulombic efficiency for Mg deposition and dissolution, the electrolyte showed low ionic conductivity and transference number at moderate and higher concentrations. To further investigate the observed transport properties, electrochemical deposition of magnesium from [Mg2(μ-Cl)3·6(OC4H8)]+ was monitored with in-situ/in-operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the Mg K-edge. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis revealed the presence of a nondimeric and interfacial Mg intermediate at potentials below Mg plating. From a combination of the electrochemical transport results and in-situ/in-operando X-ray absorption measurements, a mechanism for Mg deposition in organohaloaluminate electrolyte is proposed.
Advanced, Light Weight Transfer Case (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">For Sports-Utility, Off-Road and Light Truck application, a new, permanent 4x4„double offset” type of Transfer Case is under development by SFT, which extends the state of the art by introducing an extremely compact, modular combination of proven elements to form a unit which can meet the requirements of different, modern 4x4 system configurations. The specific arrangement of components results in reduced cost and weight, lower noise, and high manufacturing flexibility for a number of options, such as fully synchronized High-Low shift, motorized High-Low shift, mechanical or VC differential lock, front axle shut-off, additional power take-off, and transmission brake.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The first unit is designed for a maximum input torque of 1250 Nm and, according to market requirements, can be supplemented with units of different torque capacity to form a new generation of Transfer Cases.</div>
Abstract 5408: PEG surface modification of Poly(D/L Asp-DET)/DNA polyplexes greatly increases tumor accumulation and improves biodistribution (2011)

Abstract Cationic polymers have received much attention as promising non-viral vectors for gene transfer. However, generating polymers that are stable and can systemically deliver large amounts of nucleic acids to specific disease sites continues to be a significant hurdle to non-viral vector success. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a new biocompatible and biodegradable cationic polymer system for non-viral gene delivery of plasmid DNA. Poly-d/l Aspartate-Diethylenetriamine [Poly(d/l Asp-DET)] polymers were synthesized and used to complex plasmid DNA. Polymer/DNA polyplexes were further modified by covalent coupling with various polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. Polyplexes were characterized and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential and morphology by TEM. Plasmid DNA stability was assessed by challenging polyplexes with serum nucleases, and the efficacy of DNA delivery and gene expression was examined by performing transfection experiments on cancer cells. In vivo DNA tumor delivery and biodistribution was also investigated using tumor bearing nude mice. Poly(d/l Asp-DET) polymers were able to bind to plasmid DNA and formed polyplex particles the were amenable to surface coating with PEG. PEG-Polyplexes were approximately ∼70nm in diameter with neutral zeta potentials. TEM confirmed that the polyplexes were uniform in size. PEG-Polyplexes were also extremely stable and maintained the structural integrity of DNA following incubation in nucleases, and were also capable of transfecting HCT-116 and PC-3 culture cells with no cell toxicity. Tail vein administration of PEG-Polyplexes to tumor bearing nude mice did not reveal any observable toxicities. Moreover, improvements in PEG polymer chemistry increased nucleic acid accumulation in tumors while reducing DNA accumulation in other tissues including liver, kidney and spleen. Poly(d/l Asp-DET) cationic polymers show enormous potential as non-viral drug delivery agents. Further, the surface modification of polyplexes with PEG allowed for sustained systemic delivery of nucleic acids to tumors. The characterization of PEG-Poly(Asp-DET)/DNA polyplexes provides useful insights that can be used to the design vectors for targeted nucleic acid delivery. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5408. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5408
In Situ Mass Spectrometry for Chemical Identification in SiC Epitaxial Deposition (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Over/under towed-streamer acquisition: A method to extend seismic bandwidth to both higher and lower frequencies (2007)

Seismic resolution of towed marine-streamer data is affected by free-surface reflections. They strongly modulate the spectrum reducing energy at the so-called notch frequencies, fn = iv/2z {i = 0,1,…,∞}, in which v is the water velocity and z is the source or receiver depth. As a result there is a very strong loss of useful low-frequency energy and usually a similar loss at higher frequencies. The ghost effect occurs both at the source and at the receiver. At the source, the upgoing part of the source wavefield is reflected off the free surface with inverted polarity before its delayed journey into the Earth. At the receiver, the upgoing part of the receiver wavefield is reflected off the free surface with inverted polarity before it travels down to the receiver again. The over/under acquisition method allows separation of the up- and downgoing wavefields at the source (or receiver) using a vertical pair of sources (or receivers) to determine wave direction. In this article, we present the results of two experiments conducted in the Gulf of Mexico in 2004 and 2006 to investigate the use of over/under sources and receivers.
Abortive reverse transcription by mutants of Moloney murine leukemia virus deficient in the reverse transcriptase-associated RNase H function (1991)

The reverse transcriptase enzymes of retroviruses are multifunctional proteins containing both DNA polymerase activity and a nuclease activity, termed RNase H, specific for RNA in RNA-DNA hybrid form. To determine the role of RNase H activity in retroviral replication, we constructed a series of mutant genomes of Moloney murine leukemia virus that encoded reverse transcriptase enzymes that were specifically altered to retain polymerase function but lack RNase H activity. The mutant genomes were all replication defective. Analysis of in vitro reverse transcription reactions carried out by mutant virions showed that minus-strand strong-stop DNA was formed but did not efficiently translocate to the 3' end of the genome; rather, the DNA was stably retained in RNA-DNA hybrid form. Plus-strand strong-stop DNA was not detected. These results suggest that RNase H normally promotes strong-stop translocation, perhaps by exposing single-stranded DNA sequences for base pairing. Four new DNA species were also detected among the reaction products. Analysis of these DNAs suggested that they were minus-strand DNAs formed from VL30 RNAs encoded by the mouse genome. We suggest that reverse transcriptase can initiate DNA synthesis at any one of four alternate tRNA primer-binding sites near the 5' ends of VL30 RNAs.
Current status of live attenuated influenza vaccine in the United States for seasonal and pandemic influenza (2008)

A live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is currently approved in the United States for the prevention of influenza in individuals 2-49 years of age. This article summarizes the available data describing the safety and efficacy of LAIV for the prevention of influenza in both children and adults. LAIV is administered as an intranasal spray and has been shown to provide high levels of efficacy against influenza illness caused by both matched and mismatched strains in children and adults. In studies comparing LAIV and inactivated influenza vaccine in children, LAIV recipients experienced 35-53% fewer cases of culture-confirmed influenza illness caused by antigenically matched strains. Protection through a second influenza season against antigenically matched strains has also been seen in children. In adults, definitive comparative studies of LAIV and inactivated vaccine have not been conducted and no statistically significant differences in efficacy have been demonstrated. The most common adverse reactions with LAIV include runny nose/nasal congestion in all age groups, fever >100 degrees F in children, and sore throat in adults. Formulations of LAIV against pandemic influenza strains, including H5N1, H9N2, and H7N3, are currently being tested in preclinical and phase I clinical studies.
Early Vascular and Neuronal Changes in a VEGF Transgenic Mouse Model of Retinal Neovascularization (2006)

Concomitant damage to the vasculature and neural retina at early stages in tr029VEGF suggest that both tissues are affected, providing opportunities to examine early cellular events that lead to long-term disease.
EGFR regulation of colon cancer stem-like cells during aging and in response to the colonic carcinogen dimethylhydrazine (2012)

One of the most consistent pathological conditions in the gastrointestinal tract with advancing age is malignancy, particularly gastrointestinal cancers, the incidence of which increases sharply with aging. Although the reasons for the age-related rise in colorectal cancer are not fully understood, we hypothesize that aging increases susceptibility of the colon to carcinogen(s)/toxicant(s), leading to an increase in cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) that express cancer stem cell markers, in the colonic mucosa. The current study demonstrates that aging is associated with increased expression of several colon CSLC markers [CD44, CD166, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH-1)] and a higher proportion of cells expressing these markers. Aging is also accompanied by increased expression of miR-21 in colon. These increases are further increased in response to the colonic carcinogen dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Aging is also associated with increased tyrosine-phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Inhibition of EGFR using the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab abrogated the age-related increase in CD166 and ALDH-1 as well as miRNA (miR)-21. Our results provide new evidence that aging and DMH are associated with increases in CSLC biomarkers and miR21, each of which have been linked to colorectal cancer. EGFR inhibition attenuates these changes, indicating a role for EGFR in age- and mutagen-associated changes in CSLCs.
The Post-Amputation Rehabilitation Experience of People Living in Rural Settings (2001)

This paper reports the results from a qualitative study aimed at identifying the factors influencing the rehabilitation experience of people living with an amputation in a rural setting. Following the conduct of an initial focus group, 24 rural-based individuals responded to an invitation to participate in the study's in-depth interviews. Fourteen of those interviewed lived in a ‘regional’ setting (the regional group) and the other ten lived in more remote locations (the ‘distant’ group). Consistent with this population's demography, the sample was comprised mainly of older people (mean age of 66.8 years) who had suffered their amputation as a result of vascular disease. While the groups differed with respect to two aspects of their rehabilitation experience (with the distant group reporting more problems with accommodation and access to health services), many common themes emerged from the interviews, including an overall positive acceptance of the surgical intervention, the call for increased post-operative counselling services, and an endorsement of the usefulness of peer-support (and more generally of social support) services. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for service delivery and endorsement is made of the suggestion that rural health planning be more community-focussed.
Activation of a membrane-associated phospholipase A2 during rabbit myocardial ischemia which is highly selective for plasmalogen substrate. (1991)

Recently, the prototype of a novel class of calcium-independent plasmalogen-selective phospholipase A2 activities was identified in the cytosolic fraction of canine myocardium (Wolf, R.A., and Gross, R.W. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 7295-7303) and subsequently purified and characterized (Hazen, S.L., Stuppy, R.J., and Gross, R.W. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 10622-10630). We now demonstrate that 15 min of myocardial ischemia utilizing a rabbit Langendorf perfused heart model results in a 10-fold increase in membrane-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity whose detection is entirely dependent upon utilization of plasmalogen substrate. Ischemia-induced phospholipase activity was identified as a membrane bound member of this class of phospholipases A2 by demonstration of: 1) concomitant production of lysoplasmenylcholine and sn-2 fatty acid from plasmenylcholine substrate; 2) maximal enzymatic activity in the absence of calcium ion; and 3) a 16-fold higher maximum reaction velocity utilizing plasmenylcholine compared to phosphatidylcholine substrate at multiple surface concentrations. Ischemia-induced phospholipase A2 activity was specifically localized to the microsomal fraction and could not be solubilized by sonication, salt treatment, exposure to chelators, or utilization of submicellar concentrations of detergent. The appearance of microsomal phospholipase A2 activity did not require ischemia-induced transcription or translation since identical increases in enzymic activity were obtained in hearts previously treated with actinomycin D and cycloheximide. Collectively, these results demonstrate that a membrane-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 that selectively hydrolyzes plasmalogen molecular species is the likely enzymic mediator of accelerated phospholipid catabolism during early myocardial ischemia.
<i>N</i>-Methyl-<scp>d</scp>-Aspartate Antagonists and Neuropathic Pain:  The Search for Relief (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPerspectiveNEXTN-Methyl-d-Aspartate Antagonists and Neuropathic Pain: The Search for ReliefWayne E. Childers and Reinhardt B. BaudyView Author Information Department of Chemical & Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, Inc., CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2007, 50, 11, 2557–2562Publication Date (Web):May 10, 2007Publication History Received15 June 2006Published online10 May 2007Published inissue 1 May 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm060728bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm060728breview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1631Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antagonists,Ions,Neurophysiology,Peptides and proteins,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Anxiety in High-Functioning Children with Autism (2001)

High-functioning children with autism were compared with two control groups on measures of anxiety and social worries. Comparison control groups consisted of children with specific language impairment (SLI) and normally developing children. Each group consisted of 15 children between the ages of 8 and 12 years and were matched for age and gender. Children with autism were found to be most anxious on both measures. High anxiety subscale scores for the autism group were separation anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. These findings are discussed within the context of theories of autism and anxiety in the general population of children. Suggestions for future research are made.
Embracing the digital in instrument making : Towards a musician-tailored mouthpiece by 3D printing (2013)

At present, the manufacturing of musical instruments still strongly relies on the tacit knowledge of experienced handcrafts while is commonly based on standard machining or casting techniques. This limits the musician-tailoredness to a small group of players, while others take compromises by employing stock parts. The present article describes a new methodology for the design and production of woodwind instruments mouthpieces. By embracing digital modeling and manufacturing, this methodology encompasses four phases, which can be cut short when necessary. The aim of the presented methodology is to link the geometry of the mouthpiece to tone properties. Based on 3D printing, the inside geometry can be altered to complex and reproducible detail to obtain the desired acoustic features - eventually leading to mouthpiece geometries tailored to the player’s sound and playability requirements. The results of aerodynamic investigations together with the subjective experience of saxophone players have been used to design mouthpieces with modified inside geometries of both baffle and chamber. Prototypes have been produced at the Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) using several 3D printing technologies and different materials. Both professional and amateur saxophone players tested these at the Royal Conservatoire of The Hague and at the North Sea Jazz festival (Rotterdam 2012). Based on the judgment of the players, specific geometrical features were revealed to emphasize specific tone characteristics. A number of professional players are actively performing with our mouthpieces. The application and further development of the methodology will lead to a better empirical basis to reason about acoustics and playability, and can be applied to other instruments as well. Future work includes additional measurements and developing a parameterized datdatabase of 3D models
Recent progress in the discovery of antagonists acting at P2X<sub>7</sub>receptor (2005)

The P2X7 receptor is involved in several processes relevant to inflammation (cytokine release, nitric oxide (NO) generation, killing of intracellular pathogens, cytotoxicity), thus, it may be an appealing target for pharmacological intervention. These findings prompted a number of drug companies, including AstraZeneca, King and Pfizer to initiate small-molecule programmes taking a number of different approaches, which are reviewed in this review article. The extensive use of high-throughput screening approaches, utilising diverse compound library sources, has lead to the identification of two important lead series (adamantane and benzenamide derivatives) acting on P2X7.
Calcium-modified microporous starch with potent hemostatic efficiency and excellent degradability for hemorrhage control (2015)

Effective hemorrhage control is vital for reducing mortality after major trauma both in civilian life and in the military. In recent years microporous starch (MS) has been used as a hemostatic agent. However, MS has an insufficient hemostatic capacity to stop severe bleeding. To improve its hemostatic performance, in this study calcium-modified microporous starch (CaMS) was firstly developed via oxidization and self-assembly with calcium ions (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) on MS, and the hemostasis efficiency and degradation behaviour were evaluated. The results showed that the carboxyl groups and Ca<sup>2+</sup> had been modified successfully onto MS. MS and CaMS both initiated the hemostatic response by rapid absorption and swelling due to their porous structure and high surface area. It is noteworthy that CaMS activated an intrinsic pathway of coagulation cascade and induced platelet adhesion because of the modified Ca<sup>2+</sup> and carboxyl groups. The synergistic effects of the chemical activation mechanism and physical absorption mechanism resulted in a dramatic improvement in the hemostatic capacity of CaMS, and thus achieved an effective hemorrhage control in rabbit liver and femoral artery injuries. Additionally, the degradation of CaMS was improved greatly by the modification. In conclusion, CaMS effectively improved hemostatic performance and degradability. CaMS is a promising candidate for designing hemostatic agents in more extensive clinical applications.
Combined photoacoustic and magneto-motive ultrasound imaging (2010)

Ultrasound imaging can provide excellent resolution at reasonable depths while retaining the advantages of being nonionizing, cost-effective and portable. However, the contrast in ultrasound imaging is limited, and various ultrasoundbased techniques such as photoacoustic (PA) and magneto-motive ultrasound (MMUS) imaging have been developed to augment ultrasound imaging. Photoacoustic imaging enhances imaging contrast by visualizing the optical absorption of either tissue or injected contrast agents (e.g., gold or silver nanoparticles). MMUS imaging enhances the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound based on the detection of magnetic nanoparticles perturbed by an external magnetic field. This paper presents integrated magneto-photo-acoustic (MPA) imaging - a fusion of complementary ultrasound-based imaging techniques. To demonstrate the feasibility of MPA imaging, porcine ex-vivo tissue experiments were performed using a dual contrast (magnetic/plasmonic) agent. Spatially co-registered and temporally consecutive ultrasound, photoacoustic, and magneto-motive ultrasound images of the same cross-section of tissue were obtained. Our ex-vivo results indicate that magneto-photo-acoustic imaging can be used to detect magnetic/plasmonic nanoparticles with high resolution, sensitivity and contrast. Therefore, our study suggests that magneto-photo-acoustic images can identify the morphological properties, molecular information and complementary functional information of the tissue.