gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-obesity effects of three major components of green tea, catechins, caffeine and theanine, in mice. (2004)

To elucidate the anti-obesity effects of three major components of green tea, catechins, caffeine and theanine, female ICR mice were fed on diets containing 2% green tea powder and diets containing 0.3% catechins, 0.05% caffeine and 0.03% theanine, which correspond, respectively, to their concentrations in a 2% green tea powder diet, singly and in combination for 16 weeks. Body weight and food intake were determined monthly during this period, kidneys, adrenals, liver, spleen, brain, pituitary and intraperitoneal adipose tissues (IPAT) were weighed and lipid levels in the serum and liver were measured at the end of this period. The body weight increase and weight of IPAT were significantly reduced by the diets containing green tea, caffeine, theanine, caffeine + catechins, caffeine + theanine and caffeine + catechins + theanine. Noticeably, the IPAT weight decreased by 76.8% in the caffeine + catechins compared to the control group. Serum concentrations of triglycerides (TG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by green tea, catechins and theanine. Moreover, caffeine + catechins, caffeine + theanine and caffeine + catechins + theanine also decreased NEFA in the serum. The TG level in the liver was significantly reduced by catechins and catechins + theanine in comparison with the control. These results indicated that at least caffeine and theanine were responsible for the suppressive effect of green tea powder (GTP) on body weight increase and fat accumulation. Moreover, it was shown that catechins and caffeine were synergistic in anti-obesity activities.
Measures of the Molecular Tilt Angle and Optical Anisotropy n Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (1985)

Abstract Abstract A pulse electr-optical technique is described which allows the molecular tilt angle and optical anisotropy of ferroelectric liquid crystals to be measured. The technique provides high accuracy and reproducibility of the measurement and is insensitive to the non-homogeneity of a liquid crystalline layer. The temperature behaviour of the tilt angle and the optical anisotropy is studied for two "classical" substances (DOBAMBC and HOBACLPC) and several ferroelectric mixtures.
Relative Levels of mRNA Encoding Enamel Proteins in Enamel Organ Epithelia and Odontoblasts (2003)

Amelogenin, enamelin, sheathlin (ameloblastin/ amelin), enamelysin (MMP-20), and KLK4 (EMSP-1) are the major structural proteins and proteinases in developing tooth enamel. Recently, odontoblasts were reported to express amelogenin, the most abundant enamel protein. In this study, we hypothesized that odontoblasts express all enamel proteins and proteases, and we measured their relative mRNA levels in enamel organ epithelia and odontoblasts associated with porcine secretory- and maturation-stage enamel by RT-PCR, using a LightCycler instrument. The results showed that amelogenin mRNA in secretory-stage EOE is 320-fold higher than in odontoblasts beneath secretory-stage enamel, and over 20,000-fold higher than in odontoblasts under maturation-stage enamel. Similar results were obtained for enamelin and sheathlin. Enamelysin mRNA levels were equivalent in these two tissues, while KLK4 mRNA was higher in odontoblasts than in secretory-stage EOE. These results support the conclusion that odontoblasts are involved in the formation of the enamel layer adjacent to enamel-dentin junction.
tf.data: A Machine Learning Data Processing Framework (2021)

Training machine learning models requires feeding input data for models to ingest. Input pipelines for machine learning jobs are often challenging to implement efficiently as they require reading large volumes of data, applying complex transformations, and transferring data to hardware accelerators while overlapping computation and communication to achieve optimal performance. We present tf.data, a framework for building and executing efficient input pipelines for machine learning jobs. The tf.data API provides operators which can be parameterized with user-defined computation, composed, and reused across different machine learning domains. These abstractions allow users to focus on the application logic of data processing, while tf.data's runtime ensures that pipelines run efficiently. We demonstrate that input pipeline performance is critical to the end-to-end training time of state-of-the-art machine learning models. tf.data delivers the high performance required, while avoiding the need for manual tuning of performance knobs. We show that tf.data features, such as parallelism, caching, static optimizations, and non-deterministic execution are essential for high performance. Finally, we characterize machine learning input pipelines for millions of jobs that ran in Google's fleet, showing that input data processing is highly diverse and consumes a significant fraction of job resources. Our analysis motivates future research directions, such as sharing computation across jobs and pushing data projection to the storage layer.
Unplugged but connected [Design and implementation of a truly wireless real-time sensor/actuator interface] (2007)

A truly wireless S/A interface with wireless power and wireless communication for real-time factory operation has been presented. WISA uses IEEE 802.15.1 radio transceivers, but adds an optimized TDMA protocol to support a high number (120) of S/As per BS as well as short cycle times (2,048 μs).
Definition of the Stochastic Integral (1990)

In this chapter, we shall define stochastic integrals of the form $$int_{[0,t]}$$ X dM where M is a right continuous local L 2-martingale and X is a process satisfying certain measurability and integrability assumptions, such that the family of stochastic integrals $$ \{ \int_{{[0,t]}} {X\,dM,t \in {{\mathbb{R}}_{ + }}} \} $$ is a right continuous local L 2-martingale. For certain M and X, the integral can be defined path-by-path. For instance, if M is a right continuous local L 2-martingale whose paths are locally of bounded variation, and X is a continuous adapted process, then $$int_{[0,t]}^{}{{X_s}d{M_s}}(\omega )$$ is well-defined as a Riemann-Stieltjes integral for each t and ω, namely by the limit as n → ∞ of $$ \sum\limits_{{k = 0}}^{{[{{2}^{n}}t]}} {{{X}_{{k{{2}^{{ - n}}}}}}} (\omega )({{M}_{{(k + 1){{2}^{{ - n}}}}}}(\omega ) - {{M}_{{k{{2}^{{ - n}}}}}}(\omega )). $$
Optimal Control for the Series-Parallel Displacement Controlled Hydraulic Hybrid Excavator (2011)

In this paper a hydraulic hybrid system architecture for multi-actuator displacement controlled systems is analyzed. In particular the problem of optimal control for a hybrid excavator with four actuators is solved. The system states and controls are identified and classified into those which are cycle defined and those which are free to vary during the duty cycle. A state space model is derived for the hybrid system using the free states and controls and an outline of the algorithm used to apply dynamic programming to the system is described. The optimal controls and states for an aggressive truck loading cycle of the excavator are compared with suboptimal controls and states obtained using a rule based control strategy. Finally a comparison is made for the simulated fuel consumption of the system using optimal and suboptimal controls. A comparison is also made between the fuel consumption of the hybrid and non-hybrid excavators.
Bugzilla, ITracker, and other bug trackers (2005)

Bug-tracking helps the software developers in knowing what the error is, resolving it, and learning from it. Working on a software project includes managing the bugs we find. At first, we might list them on a spreadsheet. But when the number of bugs becomes too large and a lot of people must access and input data on them, we have to give up the spreadsheet and instead use a bug- or issue-tracking system. Many software projects reach this point, especially during testing and deployment when users tend to find an application's bugs. Nowadays we can choose among dozens of bug-tracking systems. This paper looks at two specific open source products and provides useful hints for working with any bug-tracking tool.
Rubble masonry response under cyclic actions: experimental tests and theoretical models (2017)

The presented research investigates the problem of assessing the seismic resistance of rubble masonry walls to normal lateral forces. Published research on this topic is sparse and reliable data on existing rubble masonry are still lacking. In particular, further studies are required when disconnected rubble walls are rocking out-of-plane with fully cracked sections. This subject was addressed by on-site experimental tests of full-scale elements. The selected case studies are located in Italy, in regions prone to earthquakes, which were sites of devastating seismic sequences in the past. Numerical predictions of the overturning forces and displacements required to cause failures of isolated walls are compared with the results of the quasi-static experiments using force-equilibrium formulations. An improvement in the existing procedures to evaluate masonry vulnerability under seismic loads is presented along with recommendations for the selection of an appropriate level of degradation, especially for rubble works.
Preparation and Testing of Cationic Flocculants from Kraft Lignin (1989)

Kraft lignin has been reacted to a quaternary ether derivative over several hours at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 65°C. Based on the nitrogen content (2.7-3.7%) of the purified product, 42-61% of the hydroxyl groups of lignin were etherified. The yield with respect to reagent was usually over 50%. In laboratory tests the lignin-based cationic ether effectively precipitated inorganic colloids from wastewaters.
Anti-Aids Agents, 3. Inhibitory Effects of Colchicine Derivatives on HIV Replication in H9 Lymphocyte Cells (1991)

A series of colchicine and isocolchicine derivatives were evaluated as inhibitors of HIV replication in H9 lymphocytes. Colchicine showed only very slight inhibition in the absence of toxicity, as measured by the therapeutic index (IC50/EC50). None of the derivatives inhibited HIV replication in the absence of toxicity.
A Single-Bit 500 kHz-10 MHz Multimode Power-Performance Scalable 83-to-67 dB DR CTΔΣ for SDR in 90 nm Digital CMOS (2010)

Wireless environments, high data rates and increased digitization require A/D converters with high dynamic range and large bandwidth at the lowest possible power consumption. A fully flexible continuous-time (CT) Δ Σ with programmable bandwidth, resolution and power consumption in 1.2 V 90 nm CMOS is presented able to satisfy those demands. By introducing flexibility into the core building blocks, a DR of 67/72/78/83 dB is achieved in maximum performance mode for WLAN, DVB, UMTS and BT for a power consumption of 6.8/5.5/6.4/5.0 mW, respectively. GSM operation is also feasible with a DR of 87 dB. For a given bandwidth, the flexibility allows to obtain the lowest power consumption for a desired performance. The overall energy efficiency is reached with a single-bit CT Δ Σ modulator avoiding high speed DEM circuits. Its low power consumption especially for high bandwidths is realized thanks to architecture and circuit level optimization. Linearity enhanced integrators, a threshold configurable comparator enabling loop delay compensation and optimized DAC implementations for jitter and avoiding signal dependency in the feedback pulses due to a large voltage swing are employed to increase the performance. The respective FOM equals 0.24/0.27/0.41/0.85 pJ per conversion.
Seeing the Forest or the Trees? Shifting Categorical Effects in Map Memory (2013)

Abstract People use spatial and nonspatial information to structure memory for an environment. Two experiments explored interactions between spatial and social categories on map memory when mediated by retrieval (Experiment 1) and encoding (Experiment 2) demands. Participants studied a map depicting business locations (including proprietors' race). In Experiment 1, participants completed two memory tasks, one globally focused and the other locally focused. The global task compressed, while the local task expanded, within-category similarity. Furthermore, processing styles carried over to the subsequent task. Experiment 2 emphasized either the spatial or social category during encoding, which increased that category's weighting in memory. These results extend the work of Maddox, Rapp, Brion, and Taylor, suggesting that retrieval and encoding demands can shift how these categories affect spatial memory.
Silica–Water Reaction Media: Its Application to the Formation and Ring Opening of Aziridines (2003)

Olefins can be converted into aziridines by using a chloramine-T/I2 system, and silica and water as the reaction medium (see picture). Moreover, the ring-opening reaction of the resulting aziridine with an azide or a cyanide ion proceeds in the same medium. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z52842_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A cAMP-binding ectoprotein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)

Purified plasma membranes from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae bind about 1.2 pmol of cAMP/mg of protein with high affinity (Kd = 6 nM). By using photoaffinity labeling with 8-N3-[32P]cAMP, we have identified in plasma membrane vesicles a cAMP-binding protein (Mr = 54,000) that is present also in bcy1 disruption mutants, lacking the cytoplasmic R subunit of protein kinase A (PKA). This argues that it is genetically unrelated to PKA. Neither high salt, nor alkaline carbonate, nor cAMP extract the protein from the membrane, suggesting that it is not peripherally bound. The observation that (glycosyl)phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipases (or nitrous acid) release the amphiphilic protein from the membrane, thereby converting it to a hydrophilic form, indicates anchorage by a glycolipidic membrane anchor. Treatment with N-glycanase reduces the Mr to 44,000-46,000 indicative of a modification by N-linked carbohydrate side chain(s). In addition to the action of a phospholipase, the efficient release from the membrane requires the removal of the carbohydrate side chain(s) or the presence of high salt or methyl alpha-mannopyranoside, suggesting complex interactions with the membrane involving not only the glycolipidic anchor but also the glycan side chain(s). Topological studies show that the protein is exposed to the periplasmic space, raising intriguing questions for the function of this protein.
Mutual Enhancements of CFD Modeling and Experimental Data: A Case Study of 1-μm Particle Deposition in a Branching Airway Model (2006)

In order to better understand aerosol dynamics and deposition in the complex flow field of the respiratory tract, both in vitro experiments and numerical modeling techniques have widely been employed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling offers the flexibility of easily modifying system parameters such as flow rates, particle sizes, system geometry, and heterogeneous outlet conditions. However, a number of numerical errors and artifacts can lead to nonphysical CFD results. Experimental methods offer the advantage of physical realism; however, parameter variation is often difficult. The objective of this study is to illustrate the use of CFD to enhance the understanding of experimental results. In parallel, the selected experimental results have been used to partially validate the CFD predictions. A specific case study has been considered focusing on 1-μm particle depositions in a physiologically realistic bifurcation (PRB) model of respiratory generations 3–5. Previous experiments in this system report a deposition rate of approximately 0.01%. An in-depth CFD analysis has been employed to evaluate two cases of the empirical model. The first case consists of only the PRB double bifurcation geometry. The second case includes a portion of the experimental particle delivery system, which may influence the entering velocity and particle profiles. To assess the influence of upstream transition and turbulence, each of the two cases considered has been evaluated using laminar and low Reynolds number k–ω approximations. Results indicate that both upstream flow effects and turbulent or transitional flow play a significant role in determining the deposition of 1-μm particles in the model considered. Simulating upstream flow effects and laminar flow was required to match the empirically reported deposition fraction and provided a two orders of magnitude improvement over initial CFD estimates. This study highlights the need to consider the effects of experimental particle generation systems on velocity and particle profiles entering respiratory models. Future work is necessary to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the experimentally observed local deposition patterns.
Polyhedron realization and its application to metamorphosis (1999)

No abstract available.
The effects of changes in the environmental temperature on the growth of tail bones in the mouse. (1983)

The tails of baby mice grow rapidly and independently of environmental temperature because they are kept warm by their mothers. After weaning, at approximately 3 weeks of age, tail growth is strictly related to environmental temperatures. During the first 2 weeks after weaning growth rates of 1.2-1.4 mm/day/tail were seen at 33 degrees and a maximum of 2.43 mm/day/tail was observed in one group kept at 36 degrees. Animals kept at 8 degrees or 4 degrees showed tail growth rates of 0.4 mm/day or less. However, the tails of animals transferred from either hot to cold or cold to hot during their first 2 weeks after weaning immediately grew at the same rate as those of animals kept in these conditions continuously, thus indicating that heat was acting directly on bone growth. The tails of animals kept continuously in the hot environment at 33 degrees completed their growth early so that their growth rate fell below that of controls after about 3 weeks of treatment (when they were 6-7 weeks old) and below that of "cold" animals after about 4 weeks (7-8 weeks old). The tails of the "control" and "cold" animals grew slowly for a very long time, 150-195 days. Even so, because of the very rapid early growth of tails in the hot environment, their final length was always greater than either the "control" or "cold" tails.
Targeting the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis with the peptide antagonist E5 to inhibit breast tumor progression (2017)

Emerging evidence has demonstrated that stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and its cognate receptor CXCR4 have critical roles in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and metastasis. In this study, we demonstrated the significant inhibitory effects of a novel chemically synthetic peptide (E5) on the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in breast cancer both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. E5 was capable of specifically binding to the murine breast cancer cell line 4T1, remarkably inhibiting CXCL12- or stromal cell (MS-5)-induced migration, and adhesion and sensitizing 4T1 cells to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, E5 combined with either paclitaxel or cyclophosphamide significantly inhibited tumor growth in a breast cancer model. Mechanistic studies implied that E5 can inhibit the expression of CXCR4 to block the CXCL12-mediated recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells and repress CXCR4 downstream of the Akt and Erk signaling pathway, which are involved in tumor angiogenesis and progression. Further pharmacokinetic evaluation suggested that E5 has an acceptable stability, with a half-life of 10 h in healthy mice. In conclusion, E5 demonstrates a promising anti-tumor effect and could be a potential chemotherapeutic sensitizer to improve current clinical breast cancer therapies.
IgG induction in a human B cell line by red cell-mediated microinjection of the cytoplasm from T cell factor-stimulated B cells. (1982)

Generation of a cytoplasmic factor(s) that induced IgG secretion in nonstimulated cells was demonstrated in TRF-stimulated cells by using red cell-mediated microinjection. Injection of the cytoplasm from a TRF-stimulated B lymphoblastoid cell line (CESS) into nonstimulated cells induced an increase of IgG-producing cells. Injection of TRF itself did not induce an increase of IgG-producing cells. Active substance(s) in the cytoplasm were generated at 2 hr after TRF stimulation, and IgG-producing cells reached their maximum level at 40 hr after injection of the factor(s). DFP, but not actinomycin D, inhibited the generation of the cytoplasmic factor(s). The activity of the cytoplasmic factor(s) was not destroyed by RNase and not absorbed with anti-IgG. These results suggested that binding of TRF with its acceptors induced the generation of the cytoplasmic factor(s) involved in the transmission of TRF-mediated signals from membrane to nuclei.
Service Design Patterns: Fundamental Design Solutions for SOAP/WSDL and RESTful Web Services (2011)

Web services have been used for many years. In this time, developers and architects have encountered a number of recurring design challenges related to their usage, and have learned that certain service design approaches work better than others to solve certain problems. In Service Design Patterns, Rob Daigneau codifies proven design solutions for web services that follow the REST architectural style or leverage the SOAP/WSDL specifications. This catalogue identifies the fundamental topics in web service design and lists the common design patterns for each topic. All patterns identify the context in which they may be used, explain the constituent design elements, and explore the relative strengths and trade-offs. Code examples are provided to help you better understand how the patterns work but are kept general so that you can see how the solutions may be applied to disparate technologies that will inevitably change in the years to come. This book will help readers answer the following questions: How do you create a web service API, what are the common API styles, and when should a particular style be used? How can clients and web services communicate, and what are the foundations for creating complex conversations in which multiple parties exchange data over extended periods of time? What are the options for implementing web service logic, and when should a particular approach be used? How can clients become less coupled to the underlying systems used by a service? How can information about a web service be discovered? How can generic functions like authentication, validation, caching, and logging be supported on the client or service? What changes to a service cause clients to break? What are the common ways to version a service? How can web services be designed to support the continuing evolution of business logic without forcing clients to constantly upgrade? This book is an invaluable resource for enterprise architects, solution architects, and developers who use web services to create enterprise IT applications, commercial or open source products, and Software as a Service (SaaS) products that leverage emerging Cloud platforms.